bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Analysis of Thermal Transmission Properties Determined by ASTM C177-04
Authors: Zarr Robert R.
Published: January 2010

An uncertainty analysis for steady-state thermal transmission properties determined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1016 mm guarded-hot-plate apparatus is presented for fibrous-glass blanket and expanded polystyrene board. The uncertainties are presented for the guarded-hot-plate apparatus in the single-sided mode of operation covering specimen heat flows from 0.5 to 5 W. The relative expanded uncertainties for thermal resistance increase from 1 % to 3.5 % for thicknesses of 25.4 to 254 mm, respectively. Although these uncertainties have been developed for two thermal insulation materials, the results are indicative of other insulation materials measured at a mean temperature near 297 K (23.9°C). This assessment of uncertainties is of particular interest for users of ASTM C177-04 test method that operate similar apparatus at low heat flows (i.e., near or less than 1 W). Implications for laboratories that develop secondary standards from NIST calibrations are discussed.
The Creation of the Medici Codex
Authors: Rifkin Joshua
Published: January 2010

Once the object of intense musicological debate, the choirbook of early sixteenth-century motets commonly known as the Medici Codex has received little attention in recent years. But a closer look at it suggests the need for reappraisal of some important points. In particular, the widely shared view of the manuscript as a work conceived and executed for the wedding of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and the French noblewoman Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne at Blois in May 1518 does not withstand scrutiny. An analysis of the scribal hands and other physical features indicates, rather, that production of the manuscript began independently of the wedding and possibly well before 1518, and that only a last-minute decision turned it into a gift for the couple—not, however, for the ceremony in France but for the their entry into Florence some four months later. This revised history sets the political background of the codex into sharper relief, in particular clarifying its role as a token of the dynastic ambitions harbored by Lorenzo's uncle, Pope Leo X.
Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through induction of SIRT1 and GCN5
Authors: Caton Paul W , Nayuni Nanda K , Kieswich Julius , Khan Noorafza Q , Yaqoob Muhammed M , Corder Roger
Published: January 2010

Abnormal elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis is central to the onset of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin corrects hyperglycaemia through inhibition of gluconeogenesis, but its mechanism of action is yet to be fully described. SIRT1 and GCN5 (listed as KAT2A in the MGI Database) have recently been identified as regulators of gluconeogenic gene expression through modulation of levels and activity of the coactivators cAMP-response element binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (TORC2 or CRTC2 as listed in the MGI Database) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α or PPARGC1A as listed in the MGI Database). We report that in db/db mice, metformin (250 mg/kg per day; 7 days) increases hepatic levels of GCN5 protein and mRNA compared with the untreated db/db mice, as well as increases levels of SIRT1 protein and activity relative to controls and untreated db/db mice. These changes were associated with reduced TORC2 protein level and decreased gene expression and activation of the PGC1α gene target phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and lower plasma glucose and insulin. Inhibition of SIRT1 partially blocked the effects of metformin on gluconeogenesis. SIRT1 was increased through an AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated increase in gene expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the salvage pathway for NAD+. Moreover, levels of GCN5 were dramatically reduced in db/db mice compared with the controls. This indicates that loss of GCN5-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenesis appears to constitute a major mechanism for the onset of abnormally elevated hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. In conclusion, induction of GCN5 and SIRT1 potentially represents a critical mechanism of action of metformin. In addition, these data identify induction of hepatic GCN5 as a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of T2DM.
The Ackermann functions are not optimal, but by how much?
Authors: Simmons H.
Published: January 2010

By taking a closer look at the construction of an Ackermann function we see that between any primitive recursive degree and its Ackermann modification there is a dense chain of primitive recursive degrees.
Information Technology and Educational Amnesia
Authors: Winner Langdon
Published: January 2010

Waves of enthusiasm for technological innovations that promise to revitalize teaching and learning are at least a century old. Unfortunately, the record of accomplishment for the many varieties of hardware and software introduced into schools over the decades is remarkably thin. Today's promoters of technology in education tend to forget similar efforts in the past, launching forth with initiatives that use the latest hardware and software, as if such projects were unprecedented. While initiatives like the iClass network in Europe show considerable promise, their development would benefit from recalling the history of earlier attempts to develop and market sophisticated technical instruments for the schools. Reflection up basic philosophical questions about teaching and learning can help us decide which technical devices are of genuine value and which are not.
E-Learning: Is Technology the Lighthouse?
Authors: Amichai-Hamburger Yair
Published: January 2010

E-learning is becoming increasingly prevalent in educational institutions throughout the world. There is a growing awareness of the need to assess the impact of this new type of learning on the educational system and on the students who participate in these programs. In May 2008, following 4 years of research, iClass held a conference to discuss their conclusions and work on future directions. In the opening panel, several leading scholars analyzed the negative impact computers and the Internet may have on learners. In his role as a commentator on this panel, the author raised a wider challenge – that of the relationship between technology and society. In the article below, he describes his ideas.
Adaptivity and Autonomy Development in a Learning Personalization Process
Authors: Verpoorten D.
Published: January 2010

Within the iClass (Integrated Project 507922) and Enhanced Learning Experience and Knowledge Transfer (ELEKTRA; Specific Targeted Research or Innovation Project 027986) European projects, the author was requested to harness his pedagogical knowledge to the production of educational adaptive systems. The article identifies and documents the pitfalls of such interdisciplinary joint work. It suggests that the pedagogical added value of adaptive tools is more likely to be found in the support of human decision making regarding personalization strategies, autonomy development and metacognitive training than in the provision of highly technical automatic customization devices.
Education, Identity and iClass: From Education to Psychosocial Development
Authors: Marcia James E.
Published: January 2010

At first consideration, the worlds of the classroom, the psychotherapy office and the experimental psychology laboratory may seem disparate settings with no obvious connection among them. In this article, the author would like to draw such a connection and to suggest the relevance of psychosocial developmental theory and research to self-regulated personalized learning in general and to iClass in particular. The foundation for this connection lies in Erik Erikson's theory of ego development. Psychosocial development will occur for all persons within a school setting, whether or not that setting takes such development into consideration or furnishes optimal conditions for it. It is better to consciously structure the school environment to provide optimal conditions than to ignore the inevitability of such development and, by default, provide a non-optimal or even inhibitory environment. The author first describes Erikson's theory, then discusses its relevance to the school setting, and moves on to a focus on identity development in late adolescence. In particular, the author emphasizes a kind of truncated identity formation known as ‘foreclosure’. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance of iClass to identity development in particular and psychosocial development in general.
Children of the Recession: Learning from Manchild in the Promised Land
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: January 2010

If Reno was in a bad mood – if he didn't have any money and he wasn't high – he'd say, ‘Man, Sonny, they ain't go no kids in Harlem. I ain't never seen any. I've seen some real small people actin’ like kids, but they don't have any kids in Harlem, because nobody has time for a childhood. Man, do you ever remember bein’ a kid? Not me. Shit, kids are happy, kids laugh, kids are secure. They ain't scared- a nothin’. You ever been a kid, Sonny? Damn, you lucky. I ain't never been a kid, man. I don't ever remember bein’ happy and not scared. I don't know what happened, man, but I think I missed out on that childhood thing, because I don't ever recall bein’ a kid.[1]
Preventing Peripheral Intravenous Line Infections: Recommendations for Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Moureau Nancy
Published: January 2010

Intravascular catheters are indispensable tools in acute care, but with the benefits come the risk of local or systemic Healthcare Acquired Infections (HAIs). In fact, more than 250,000–500,000 intravascular-related bloodstream infections occur in the United States each year with resulting mortality rates of 12%–25%. (Maki, Kluger & Crnich, 2006; CDC, 2002). While bloodstream infections related to the use of peripheral lines may not occur as often as they do with central lines, they do occur.

Although most studies focus on central catheter-related bloodstream infections due to their greater documented prevalence and severity, some studies have evaluated the prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. In 2006 Maki reviewed 200 studies that prospectively examined the risk of Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) associated with intravascular devices over a forty year period. The infection rate with peripheral intravenous catheters was 0.5 per 1000 catheter days.

Though the frequency of peripheral intravenous catheter-associated infections is lower than with other intravascular devices, absolute numbers of patients affected can be significant with more than 330 million peripheral catheters sold each year in the United States (Millennium Research Group, 2006). Some doctors are stressing the need to use a peripheral line versus early placement of a central line with the rationale to reduce infection rates.

Multiple national and international guidelines advocate a number of simple, yet highly effective procedures to reduce risk of central venous catheter infections. Some of these same guidelines should be applied as standards for peripheral catheters. By standardizing protocols across all types of catheter insertions, safety is ensured in reducing infections and ultimately improving patient care.
Clinical Performance and Nursing Satisfaction of a Transparent Chlorhexidine Gluconate IV Securement Dressing with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
Authors: Maryniak Kim
Published: January 2010

Background: Bloodstream Infections (BSI) caused by central venous catheters, including peripherally inserted central catheters, can result in longer patient stays and increased complications. Using methods of best practice is needed to reduce the occurrence of these infections.

Objective: To evaluate both the clinical performance and nursing satisfaction is using the 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing®.

Methods: Prospective, controlled, convenience sampling and in a single center, comparing using the 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing® to a regular transparent semi-permeable dressing There were a total of 107 patients in the study sample, and 110 patients in the control sample.

Results: The results of the satisfaction survey for the investigational dressing group compared with the control dressing group reflected significant p-values of the following primary efficacy variable (1–5 Likert scale), “Overall performance of dressing” (p=0.019951).

Conclusions: The 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing® was easy to apply, able to absorb fluid and mold and conform around the PICC catheters, and rated highly by staff nurses for overall performance of the dressing compared to control dressing.
A Latent Cluster-Mean Approach to the Contextual Effects Model With Missing Data
Authors: Shin Yongyun , Raudenbush Stephen W.
Published: January 2010

In organizational studies involving multiple levels, the association between a covariate and an outcome often differs at different levels of aggregation, giving rise to widespread interest in “contextual effects models.” Such models partition the regression into within- and between-cluster components. The conventional approach uses each cluster’s sample average of the covariate as a regressor to identify the between-cluster component of the regression. This procedure, however, yields biased estimates of contextual effects unless the cluster sizes are large. Moreover, bias in estimation of such contextual coefficients in turn introduces bias in estimated coefficients of other correlated cluster-level covariates. Missing data further complicate valid inferences. This article proposes an alternative approach that conditions on the latent “true” cluster means of covariates having contextual effects while taking into account ignorable missing data with a general missing pattern at each level. The proposed model may include random coefficients. We compare inferences under different approaches in estimation of a contextual effects model using data from two national surveys of high school achievement.
14 Conversations About Three Things
Authors: Wainer Howard
Published: January 2010

In this essay, the author tries to look forward into the 21st century to divine three things: (i) What skills will researchers in the future need to solve the most pressing problems? (ii) What are some of the most likely candidates to be those problems? and (iii) What are some current areas of research that seem mined out and should not distract us from working on more critical areas? In the course of this discussion, the author identifies 14 different things that fall into one of these areas.
Location, sidedness, and sex distribution of intracranial arachnoid cysts in a population-based sample
Authors: Helland Christian A. , Lund-Johansen Morten , Wester Knut
Published: January 2010

Object

The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of intracranial arachnoid cysts in a large and unselected patient population with special emphasis on sidedness and sex distribution.

Methods

In total, 299 patients with 305 arachnoid cysts were studied. These patients were consecutively referred to our department during a 20-year period from a well-defined geographical area with a stable population.

Results

There was a strong predilection (198 patients [66.2%]) for intracranial arachnoid cysts in the temporal fossa. Forty-two patients had cysts overlying the frontal convexity, 36 had cysts in the posterior fossa, and 23 patients had cysts in other, different locations. Of 269 cysts with clearly unilateral distribution, 163 were located on the left side and 106 on the right side. This difference resulted from the marked preponderance of temporal fossa cysts on the left side (left-to-right ratio 2.5:1; p < 0.0001 [adjusted < 0.0005]). For cysts in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), there was preponderance on the right side (p = 0.001 [adjusted = 0.005]). Significantly more males than females had cysts in the temporal fossa (p = 0.002 [adjusted = 0.004]), whereas in the CPA a significant female preponderance was found (p = 0.016 [adjusted = 0.032]). For all other cyst locations, there was no difference between the 2 sexes.

Conclusions

Arachnoid cysts have a strong predilection for the temporal fossa. There is a sex dependency for some intracranial locations of arachnoid cysts, with temporal cysts occurring more frequently in men, and CPA cysts found more frequently in women. Furthermore, there is a strong location-related sidedness for arachnoid cysts, independent of patient sex. These findings and reports from the literature suggest a possible genetic component in the development of some arachnoid cysts.
Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Murphy Erin S. , Barnett Gene H. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Neyman Gennady , Stevens Glen H. J. , Cohen Bruce H. , Elson Paul , Vassil Andrew D. , Suh John H.
Published: January 2010

Object

The authors sought to determine the long-term tumor control and side effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Methods

One hundred seventeen patients with VS underwent GKRS between January 1997 and February 2003. At the time of analysis, at least 5 years had passed since GKRS in all patients. The mean patient age was 60.9 years. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 1.77 ± 0.71 cm. The mean tumor volume was 1.95 ± 2.42 ml. Eighty-two percent of lesions received 1300 cGy and 14% received 1200 cGy. The median dose homogeneity ratio was 1.97 and the median dose conformality ratio was 1.78. Follow-up included MR imaging or CT scanning approximately every 6–12 months. Rates of progression to surgery were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Of the 117 patients in whom data were analyzed, 103 had follow-up MR or CT images and 14 patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-three percent of patients had stable tumors and 37.9% had a radiographically documented response. Imaging-documented tumor progression was present in 8 patients (7.8%), but in 3 of these the lesion eventually stabilized. Only 5 patients required a neurosurgical intervention. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of progression to surgery were 1, 4.6, and 8.9%, respectively. One patient (1%) developed trigeminal neuropathy, 4 patients (5%) developed permanent facial neuropathy, 3 patients (4%) reported vertigo, and 7 patients (18%) had new gait imbalance following GKRS.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife radiosurgery results in excellent local control rates with minimal toxicity for patients with VS. The authors recommend standardized follow-up to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of GKRS.
Bariatric surgery for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Fridley Jared , Foroozan Rod , Sherman Vadim , Brandt Mary L. , Yoshor Daniel
Published: January 2010

Object

The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for obese patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with regard to both symptom resolution and resolution of visual deficits.

Methods

The published literature was reviewed using manual and electronic search techniques. Data from each relevant manuscript were gathered, analyzed, and compared. These included demographic data, pre- and postoperative symptoms, pre- and postoperative visual field deficits, bariatric procedure type, absolute weight loss, changes in body mass index, and changes in CSF opening pressure.

Results

Eleven relevant publications (including 6 individual case reports) were found, reporting on a total of 62 patients. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was the most common bariatric procedure performed. Fifty-six (92%) of 61 patients with recorded postoperative clinical history had resolution of their presenting IIH symptoms following bariatric surgery. Thirty-four (97%) of 35 patients who had undergone pre- and postoperative funduscopy were found to have resolution of papilledema postoperatively. Eleven (92%) of 12 patients who had undergone pre- and postoperative formal visual field testing had complete or nearly complete resolution of visual field deficits, and the remaining patient had stabilization of previously progressive vision loss. In 13 patients both pre- and postoperative CSF pressures were recorded, with an average postoperative pressure decrease of 254 mm H2O. Changes in weight loss and body mass index varied depending on the reported postoperative follow-up interval.

Conclusions

The published Class IV evidence suggests that bariatric surgery may be an effective treatment for IIH in obese patients, both in terms of symptom resolution and visual outcome. Prospective, controlled studies are necessary for better elucidation of its role.
Bengali language situation in the judicial system in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdouci Nahid
Published: January 2010

Bengali language has been declared as the state language of the Republic in Article 3 of the Constitution of Bangladesh. Bengali is our mother tongue and we have achieved this at the cost of much blood. Moreover Bangla Bhasha Procholon Ain (Bengali Language Implementation Act) was made in 1987 for ensuring compulsory use of Bengali in courts and offices of Bangladesh. In spite of these provisions, English is still used in the judicial system (Higher Courts) in Bangladesh. Often delivering of judgments in English creates various problems for poor and illiterate person. People in our country speak in Bengali. Language of courts should follow the language of the common people. An attempt has been made in this article to assess the status and the enforceability of Bengali language with historical background, limitations of bringing into practice and some necessary measures for effective use of Bengali language in the courts. Key words: Bengali language, judgments in English, impact on the peopleDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4143 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 53-68
Orchestrating Cultural Differences in Pedagogy: A Transformational Experience
Authors: Majumder Zakir Hossain
Published: January 2010

In this world of plurality and polivocality, it has become a challenge for both educators and learners to negotiate their voices and opinions on a number of things the way that they should move forward and hence give the pedagogy a go, keeping the tunnel open for any sort of heightened understanding between parties concerned. I, like others, in the same boat, feel the exigency of this orchestration, as I encounter the problems of differences in opinions between my students and me both inside and outside the classroom. Negotiating these differences between students and their teachers and also among themselves bring forth a practical challenge for both parties. The study in progress has actually grown out of my personal observations and interactions with my students inside and outside the classrooms. It also zooms in on my continual effort to find the middle ground to deal with these practical concerns. It also takes how my interactions with students have transformed the way I have been teaching for a long time. By the way, it would be apposite to mention that my purpose is here just to exploit the parameter of contact zone to show how it heleds me to resolve the crisis I experienced while teaching and interacting with my students. It does in no way encompass the whole process of learning and teaching in its entirety in view of the concepts of them having emerged in keeping with recent developments in the field. Key words: Culture, Transformation, Contact zoneDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4145 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 91-100
Semiotic Interpretation of Bangla Ligatures: An Introduction
Authors: Afrin Sanjida
Published: January 2010

Semiotics is the study of sign processes emphasizing signification and communication, signs and symbols of different social phenomena. In the late 19th and early 20th century the works of Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce led to the emergence of semiotics as a separate discipline as well as method for examining phenomena in different fields, including aesthetics, anthropology, communications, psychology, and semantics. Saussure's interpretation of linguistic sign from a semiotic perspective has, better or worse, affected much of subsequent discussions about language. But according to Peirce, meaning is not directly attached to the sign; instead, it is mediated through the interaction between the representamen, interpretant, and object. This paper initiates a brief semiotic interpretation of Bengali ligature-an essential component of Bengali writing system, since semiotics considers ligature, like other linguistic components, a potential sign-unit. Key words: ligature, Saussure, Peirce, Object.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4147 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 111-124
Gaining proficiency in the reading module in IELTS: A study on the efforts of Bangladeshi students
Authors: Chowdhury Sabrina Ahmed
Published: January 2010

As the name implies, the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a test for ascertaining an examinee's English language proficiency. This test is very important for students who want to get admitted to universities or training programmes in English speaking countries. IELTS has four modules including a module on reading. This module gives rise to a number of specific problems for Bangladeshi candidates. The present article attempts to identify the nature and extent of these problems with emphasis on why the examinees find reading module a tough one. The ways and means used by the trainers and teachers to assist Bangladeshi students to overcome these problems have been examined. The article concludes that even with limited resources, the teachers and trainers can follow a number of simple procedures to substantially improve readings skills of students leading to better scores. Key words: IELTS, Language Proficiency, Language SkillsDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4148 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 125-140
Use of Songs, Rhymes and Games in Teaching English to Young Learners in Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Shaheen
Published: January 2010

Although children learn a language faster than adults, they do not learn through traditional language teaching methods. Through fun activities children can learn a language better as learning becomes natural for them since these activities do not make them conscious that they are learning a language. In Bangladesh, since a proper learning atmosphere has not been ensured in children's English classes according to children's interest and psychological characteristics, benefit is yet to come from the compulsory English education at the primary level. In order to appeal to young learners' learning styles, songs, rhymes and games can be very effective tools for teaching children a foreign language. These tools can be used in children's classes to utilize their natural ability to learn a language. This paper introduces the benefits of some interesting tools in teaching children English and also suggests incorporating them at the primary level English curriculum in Bangladesh. Keywords: young learners, second language, teaching techniques, songs, rhymes, games, primary education.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4150 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 161-172
Road Traffic Accidents in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Manunar
Published: January 2010

DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4160Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): i-ii
Gonadoblastoma: Primary Amenorrhoea with Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Begum Hamida , Khaton Sabera , Jahan Sultana
Published: January 2010

A seventeen year old unmarried girl presented with no development of breasts and non establishment of menstruation till then. She was with average height & weight, chromosome analysis was 46XY (Swyer Syndrome). Laparoscopy followed by laparotomy showed irregular surfaced gonads with rudimentary uterus. Gonadectomy done & histopathology revealed features of gonadoblastoma. She had under gone 6 cycles of combination chemotherapy and hormone replacement therapy and showed excellent response. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4188 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 97-99
Biomarkers in Heart Failure
Authors: Hoque Md Mozammel
Published: January 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4192 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 112-114
Hepatic Lobectomy-Case Report of Two Patients, Performed at Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ali SM Ashraf , Hussain Md Margub
Published: January 2010

Lobectomy of liver is indicated for different conditions; mainly malignancy and trauma. Though it is highly specialized operation and preferably be performed in specialized tertiary center, sometime a general surgeon may not be in a position to avoid the surgery due to very low socioeconomic condition or to tackle emergency traumatic condition. Two case report of Lobectomy of liver; right lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma, and left lobectomy for left lobe big cyst and multiple stones in it were performed at Chittagong Medical College Hospital utilizing the existing facilities. Both patients recovered uneventfully. Case I expired after two month and fourteen day, Case II leading a pain free cheerful normal life. Experience of management of these two cases of resection of liver is recorded at Chittagong Medical College Hospital. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4201 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 153-157
Electrical and Electrorheological Properties of Alumina/Natural Rubber (STR XL) Composites
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Uttanawanit Nuttapot , Longtong Mean , Wongpinthong Piraya , Sirivat Anuvat , Kunanuruksapong Ruksapong
Published: January 2010

The electrorheological properties (ER) of natural rubber (XL)/alumina (Al2O3) composites were investigated in oscillatory shear mode under DC electrical field strengths between 0 to 2 kV/mm. SEM micrographs indicate a mean particle size of 9.873 ± 0.034 µm and particles that are moderately dispersed in the matrix. The XRD patterns indicate Al2O3 is of the β-phase polytype which possesses high ionic conductivity. The storage modulus (G′) of the composites, or the rigidity, increases by nearly two orders of magnitude, with variations in particle volume fraction and electrical field strength. The increase in the storage modulus is caused the ionic polarization of the alumina particles and the induced dipole moments set up in the natural rubber matrix.
The Protein Kinase C Agonist PEP005 (Ingenol 3-Angelate) in the Treatment of Human Cancer: A Balance between Efficacy and Toxicity
Authors: Ersvaer Elisabeth , Kittang Astrid Olsnes , Hampson Peter , Sand Kristoffer , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Lord Janet M. , Bruserud Øystein
Published: January 2010

The diterpene ester ingenol-3-angelate (referred to as PEP005) is derived from the plant Euphorbia peplus. Crude euphorbia extract causes local toxicity and transient inflammation when applied topically and has been used in the treatment of warts, skin keratoses and skin cancer. PEP005 is a broad range activator of the classical (α, β, γ) and novel (δ, ε, η, θ) protein kinase C isoenzymes. Direct pro-apoptotic effects of this drug have been demonstrated in several malignant cells, including melanoma cell lines and primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. At micromolar concentrations required to kill melanoma cells this agent causes PKC-independent secondary necrosis. In contrast, the killing of leukemic cells occurs in the nanomolar range, requires activation of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) and is specifically associated with translocation of PKCδ from the cytoplasm to the nuclear membrane. However, in addition to this pro-apoptotic effect the agent seems to have immunostimulatory effects, including: (i) increased chemokine release by malignant cells; (ii) a general increase in proliferation and cytokine release by activated T cells, including T cells derived from patients with chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia; (iii) local infiltration of neutrophils after topical application with increased antibody-dependent cytotoxicity; and (iv) development of specific anti-cancer immune responses by CD8+ T cells in animal models. Published studies mainly describe effects from in vitro investigations or after topical application of the agent, and careful evaluation of the toxicity after systemic administration is required before the possible use of this agent in the treatment of malignancies other than skin cancers.
Desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad en el País Vasco y sus capitales: un análisis de áreas geográficas pequeñas (Proyecto MEDEA)
Authors: Esnaola Santiago , Montoya Imanol , Calvo Montse , Ibáñez Berta , Audicana Covadonga , Ruiz Rosa , Aldasoro Elena , Martín Unai
Published: January 2010

Se describen las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad por secciones censales en el País Vasco y en sus tres capitales durante el período 1996-2003. Se realizó un estudio ecológico transversal de áreas pequeñas. Mediante el análisis de componentes principales se calculó un índice de privación socioeconómica. El riesgo de mortalidad de cada sección censal, y la relación entre la mortalidad y la privación socioeconómica se estudiaron mediante modelos Bayesianos jerárquicos. Los patrones geográficos del riesgo de mortalidad y del índice de privación fueron similares, con mayor mortalidad en las áreas de mayor privación. En el conjunto del País Vasco la magnitud de la asociación entre la privación y la mortalidad fue mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres. En las capitales esa asociación sólo se evidenció para los hombres. Estos resultados son útiles para orientar las políticas de salud e identificar las áreas geográficas que precisan una mayor atención.

[fr] On décrit les inégalités socio-économiques dans la mortalité par sections de recensement au Pays Basque et ses trois capitales pendant la période 1996-2003. Une étude écologique transversale d’aires petites a été accomplie. Au moyen de l’analyse de composantes principales, on a calculé un index de privation socio-économique. Le risque de mortalité de chaque section, et le rapport entre la mortalité et la privation socioéconomique ont été étudiés utilisant des modèles Bayesians hiérarchiques. Les patrons géographiques du risque de mortalité et de l’index de privation étaient semblables, étant la mortalité plus grande dans les aires avec une plus grande privation. Dans l’ensemble du Pays Basque la grandeur de l’association entre la privation et la mortalité était plus grande chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Dans les capitales l’association était evidente seulement chez les hommes. Ces résultats sont utiles pour orienter les politiques de santé et pour identifier les aires géographiques qui ont besoin d’une plus grande attention.
Inmigrantes rumanas en el servicio doméstico y de cuidados de la Comunidad de Madrid: Estudio cualitativo
Authors: Marcu Silvia
Published: January 2010

El artículo analiza el trabajo que desempeñan las mujeres inmigrantes rumanas, como trabajadoras irregulares en el servicio doméstico de la Comunidad de Madrid, (CAM) haciendo hincapié en el cuidado de personas mayores. Vincula dos tendencias muy presentes en la sociedad española de comienzos del siglo XXI: por un lado, el acentuado envejecimiento de la población y por el otro lado, la inmigración, la mano de obra extranjera necesitada en el sector doméstico y de cuidados de personas mayores. Analiza conjuntamente el contexto de la inmigración de la mujer rumana teniendo en cuenta su situación de partida y trayectoria profesional; se indaga en la situación laboral y en la valoración que realizan las inmigrantes en relación con el trabajo realizado en los domicilios españoles; por último se atiende a las perspectivas de futuro de este sector en el mercado de trabajo español. [fr] L’article analyse le travail que les femmes immigrantes roumaines effectuent, comme travailleuses irrégulières dans le service domestique de la Communauté de Madrid, (CAM) en mettant l’accent sur le soin des vieilles personnes. Il lie deux tendances très présentes dans la société espagnole de commencements du XXIe siècle : d’un côté, le vieillissement accentué de la population et par l’autre côté, l’immigration, la main d’oeuvre étrangère eue besoin dans le secteur domestique et des soins de plus grandes personnes. On analyse conjointement le contexte de l’immigration de la femme roumaine en tenant en compte de sa situation de départ et de trajectoire professionnelle; il est recherché dans la situation de travail et dans l’évaluation que les immigrantes réalisent en relation avec le travail réalisé dans les domiciles espagnols; on fait attention finalement aux perspectives d’avenir de ce secteur sur le marché de travail espagnol.
NOTES ON SIMULIUM CANADENSE HEARLE AND SIMULIUM VIRGATUM COQUILLETT AND ITS VARIETIES
Authors: Hearle Eric
Published: January 2010

In 1929 the writer described a British Columbian blackfly pupa with most unusual characteristics—unique among North American species in that the customary slender respiratory filaments are replaced by a closed, ringed, club-like horn with tw-o short, curved basal spurs. An examination of the literature at our disposal of the pupae known from Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia and South America, indicates that a number of other unusual forms have been described, especially from Africa. Although the valid species of Simuliidae in the world fauna probably number more than three hundred and fifty, only about twelve of the known pupae of which we have records have breathing organs that are not of the filamentous type. In Northern Europe, Simulium equinum L., as described by Edwards and Puri, has breathing organs consisting of wide, thin-walled tubes, the basal and main branches of which form a ring on the thorax.
THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF CECIDOMYIDS ON MEADOW FOXTAIL (ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS L.) HITHERTO UNREPORTED IN CANADA
Authors: Gilbert H. A.
Published: January 2010

For the purpose of determining whether foxtail midges occurred in Canada and if so their range, a survey of places where meadow foxtail grass, Alope curus pratensis L. was known to be grown was made in the spring of 1934. This survey followed a request for information upon the point by Dr. L. E. Kirk, Dominion Agrostologist, on behalf of Dr. R. O. Whyte, Chief Officer of the Imperial Bureau of Plant Genetics; Herbage Plants, Aberystwyth, Great Britain. Dr. Whyte is interested in discovering areas free from foxtail midges which might bme used for the production of meadow foxtail seed. The location of stands of the grass were secured through Dr. Kirk and co-operation in making observations was sought and readily obtained from various people living in the vicinity of these stands in Canada.
RECORDS OF MALLOPHAGA AND OTHER EXTERNAL PARASITES FROM BIRDS AT CHURCHILL, MANITOBA
Authors: Twinn C. R.
Published: January 2010

Late in 1934, Arthur Gibson, the Dominion Entomologist, received from Miss A. M. Heydweiller, of the Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, a number of collections of external parasites taken from twenty species of birds at Churchhill, Man., during the summer of that year. These were passed to me by Mr. Gibson, and were found to consist of 27 collections of biting lice(Mallophaga), two of fleas (Siphonaptera) and two of mites (Acarina)
A MEALY BUG, PHENACOCCUS ACERIS SIGNORET, A NEW APPLE PEST IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Gilliatt F. C.
Published: January 2010

During 1932 a species of mealy bug came into prominence in a few orchards in the Annapolis valley, more particularly at Lakeville and the district north of Berwick. The insect was less conspicuous in 1933, but in 1934 some severe infestations occurred. This mealy bug is scattered over the entire fruit growing area in Nova Scotia, and has probably been present for several years.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF XENOSCHESIS WITH A KEY TO THE GENUS (HYMENOP.; ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart
Published: January 2010

In arranging the National Collection material in Xenoschesis, two species were encountered which appear to be undescribed. The following descriptions are therefore presented with a table to the American species, which are all represented by specimens in the National Collection. Colour appears to be most valuable in separating our species and has therefore been used in the following key. The specimens before me exhibit only slight variation.
A NEW RACE OF ARGYNNIS CYBELE FROM NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Argynnis cybele Fabr. is generally distinguished from the closely allied A.aphrodite Fabr. by the following two features : (I) the veins of the central area of the primaries in the male sex are thickened by sex-scales; (2) on the underside of the secondaries the yellow submarginal band is broad and clear and not invaded by the red-brown color of the basal section.

While collecting in Nova Scotia during the months of June aud July, 1934, at South Milford and at White Point Beach, near Liverpool, I took a series of an Argynnid which struck me at the time as strongly resembling aphrodite on the underside but which on the upperside of the forewings showed the heavy sex-scaling on the veins in the male sex which would consequently indicate cybele.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM ALASKA (LEPID., ARCTIIDAE, NYCTEMERINAE)
Authors: Benjamin Foster H.
Published: January 2010

In handling some miscellaneous material belonging to the U. S. National Museum the writer noticed a unique specimen of a new genus and species of much interest as presenting additioiial evidence of the close relationship of those two large and important families, the Arctiidae and the Lymantriidae. A similar specimen, submitted by Dr. J. McDunnough, has served to amplify the descriptions.
THE NEARACTIC SAWFLIES OF THE DINEURA COMPLEX (HYMEN.: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Ross Herbert H.
Published: January 2010

The nematine genus Dineura has had assigned to it at various times several species of nearctic sawflies. A close study of these species indicates that Dineura itself is not represented in our fauna, but instead three genera which resemble it in wing venation. This complex was considered by MacGillivray as the sub-family Dineurinae, but as pointed out by Rohwer it is in reality part of the Nematinae. The three genera involved may be separated from the other Nematinae by having the front wings with the base of vein 2A and 3A absent and the second radial cross-vein (2r) present. The extreme differences between the genera suggest strongly that the segregate is purely an artificial one based only on accidental similarity in venation.
THE MUTILLIDAE OF PRESIDIO AND JEFF DAVIS COUNTIES OF THE BIG BEND REGION OF TRANS-PECOS TEXAS
Authors: Tinkham E. R.
Published: January 2010

The following species of Mutillidae, parasitic wasps commonly known as “velvet ants” or “cow killers” were collected during the period September. 1928, to July, 1930, while the writer was stationed at the Pink Bollworm Laboratory at Presidio, Texas. Presidio County with Brewster County on the east and Jeff Davis County on the north, forms the little known area called the “Big Bend” region of Trans-Pecos Texas.
RECENT TRIALS OF REPELLENTS FOR NARCISSUS FLY
Authors: Downes W.
Published: January 2010

A trial of a number of substances as repellents against the Narcissus fly (Merodon equestris) was made at Victoria, B.C., in 1933. The place selected for these trials was one where the owner had suffered severe losses from Merodon in the past, and notwithstanding this had preserved all his badly infested bulbs instead of destroying them as we advised; and further, had even planted them in a separate plot to see if they would recover. The result of this procedure was, as we predicted, a11 enormous infestation of Merodon the following summer and anticipating this we made arrangements to try out various repellents, realizing that here was an unusual opportunity.
THE GENUS TABANUS IN UTAH
Authors: Rowe J. A. , Knowlton G. F.
Published: January 2010

Horse flies of the genus Tabanus are among the most persistent and annoying of the blood-sucking pests affecting Utah livestock. Tn many areas of this state they are particularly troublesome to cattle and horses during much of the summer and fall. The intermittent feeding habits of the Tabanidae at once mark them as potential vectors of disease. This study has been undertaken as a part of the investigation of the role of blood-sucking insects in the transmission of equine encephalomyelitis.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AN OUTBREAK OF THE TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER (MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS SAY) IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Pickett A. D.
Published: January 2010

During the summer of 1931 an outbreak of the two-striped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatusSay) occurred in localized areas in Nova Scotia on the dyked lands along the Avon River in Hants County and on the Grand Pré dyke lands in Kings County. Reports were also sent in of localized outbreaks in Cumberland and Antigonish Counties, but so far as the writer is aware these terminated in that year. The writer investigated the two first mentioned outbreaks and made careful observations during that season and the subsequent two years when the outbreak finally terminated and feels that certain data should be recorded.
NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Clarke J. F. G.
Published: January 2010

On June 17, 1934, three or four green cones of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. were collected which showed some insect damage.

Upon examination, almost mature larvae of this Dioryctria were observed to have eaten away practically the entire inner portion of the cone, leaving the axis and the outer portion.attached at the top and bottom so as to form a rather large retreat.

Of the two moths obtained, one emerged June 26 and the other June 29, 1934.
FORSEBIA—A NEW GENUS OF AMERICAN EREBINAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Richards A. Glenn
Published: January 2010

Proboscis fully developed. First segment of palpus with a fringe of scales; second segment long, upturned and smoothly scaled. Front rough, with a flattened or somewhat truncated prominence. Genae quadrate ventrally. Male antennae ciliated, scaled above. Fore tibiae with or without claws ; mid and hind tibiae with some fringing scales; mid tibiae of male swollen and enclosing a tuft of long sex scales. Metathorax with slight, depressed tuft. Abdomen smoothly scaled. Venation : fore wing with veins 3, 4 and 5 close together at lower angle of cell, 6 from upper angle, 7 connate from end of areole with 8+9 which are long-stalked (three-fifths distance from areole to margin), 10 from areole, 11 from cell; hind wing with veins 3 and 4 usually connate, 5 arising near 4 and rapidly diverging, 6 and 7 connate from upper angle, 8 touching cell at point only.
SPIDERS FROM THE LAC ST. JEAN REGION OF QUEBEC
Authors: Crosby C. R. , Zorsch Helen M.
Published: January 2010

A week's vacation in the delightful Lac St. Jean country netted an interesting list of spiders. No attempt was made ta make a general collection. We were primarily interested in the Linyphiidae and collected mostly by sifting moss and forest litter.

At Bagotville we sifted moss on the wooded cliffs overlooking Ha-Ha Bay and in a little marecage nearby. These specimens are dated July 26, 1934.
THE ROLE OF INSECT LIFE IN ONTARIO STREAMS AND LAKES
Authors: Harkness William J. K.
Published: January 2010

There is in Ontario a water area of approximately 80,000 square miles which is about one-fifth of the total area of the province. As this water area is so great in extent the life of whiich it cointains is significant economically as well as biologically.

In every body of water, stream, pond, or lake there is a community of living organisms the individuals of which are practically independent of life outside of the water but which are absolutely inter-dependent upon one another.