bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argasid Ticks of Palearctic Bats: Distribution, Host Selection, and Zoonotic Importance
Authors: Sándor Attila D. , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Domşa Cristian , Péter Áron , Hornok Sándor
Published: June 2021

The soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) are ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates with a wide geographic distribution, occurring on all continents. These ticks are obligate blood-feeders, most of them show high degrees of host-specialization and several species in arid and tropical regions are important parasites of livestock and men. Species commonly occurring on domestic animals and man are generally well-known, with many studies focusing on their ecology, distribution or vectorial role. However, wildlife-specialist soft ticks are less studied. Nearly half of all soft tick species are bat specialists, with five species (Carios vespertilionis, Chiropterargas boueti, Chiropterargas confusus, Reticulinasus salahi, andSecretargas transgariepinus) occurring in the Western Palearctic. There is no comprehensive study on the distribution, hosts or pathogens in these soft ticks, although most species were shown to carry several viral, bacterial, or protozoan pathogens and also to occasionally infest humans. Based on a literature survey and 1,120 distinct georeferenced records, we present here the geographical range, host selection and vectorial potential for bat-specialist soft ticks occurring in the Western Palearctic (chiefly Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East).Carios vespertilionisshows the largest distribution range and was found on most host species, being ubiquitous wherever crevice-roosting bats occur. All the other species were located only in areas with Mediterranean climate, withCh. boueti, Chiropteraragas confusus, andR. salahiare missing entirely from Europe. These three species have a host spectrum of bats roosting primarily in caves, whileS. transgariepinusandCa. vespertilionisis feeding primarily on crevice-roosting bat species. All but one of these soft tick species are known to feed on humans and may be vectors of important disease agents (Rickettsiaspp.,Borreliaspp.,Bartonellaspp.,Ehrlichiaspp.,Babesiaspp., several nairo-, and flaviviruses). As several crevice-roosting bat species show a continuous adaptation to human-altered areas, with certain species becoming common city-dwellers in the Western Palearctic, the study of bat specialist soft ticks is also important from an epidemiologic point of view.
Spatial Recognition of Regional Maximum Floods in Ungauged Watersheds and Investigations of the Influence of Rainfall
Authors: Kim Nam-Won , Kim Ki-Hyun , Jung Yong
Published: June 2021

This study primarily aims to develop a method for estimating the range of flood sizes in small and medium ungauged watersheds in local river streams. In practice, several water control projects have insufficient streamflow information. To compensate for the lack of data, the streamflow propagation method (SPM) provides streamflow information for ungauged watersheds. The ranges of flood sizes for ungauged watersheds were generated using a specific flood distribution analysis based on the obtained streamflow data. Furthermore, the influence of rainfall information was analyzed to characterize the patterns of specific flood distributions. Rainfall location, intensity, and duration highly affected the shape of the specific flood distribution. Concentrated rainfall locations affected the patterns of the maximum specific flood distribution. The shape and size of the minimum specific flood distribution were dependent on the rainfall intensity and duration. The Creager envelope curve was used to generate equations for the maximum/minimum specific flood distribution for the study site. The ranges of the specific flood distributions were produced for each watershed size.
Atlantic Niño/Niña Prediction Skills in NMME Models
Authors: Wang Ran , Chen Lin , Li Tim , Luo Jing-Jia
Published: June 2021

The Atlantic Niño/Niña, one of the dominant interannual variability in the equatorial Atlantic, exerts prominent influence on the Earth’s climate, but its prediction skill shown previously was unsatisfactory and limited to two to three months. By diagnosing the recently released North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) models, we find that the Atlantic Niño/Niña prediction skills are improved, with the multi-model ensemble (MME) reaching five months. The prediction skills are season-dependent. Specifically, they show a marked dip in boreal spring, suggesting that the Atlantic Niño/Niña prediction suffers a “spring predictability barrier” like ENSO. The prediction skill is higher for Atlantic Niña than for Atlantic Niño, and better in the developing phase than in the decaying phase. The amplitude bias of the Atlantic Niño/Niña is primarily attributed to the amplitude bias in the annual cycle of the equatorial sea surface temperature (SST). The anomaly correlation coefficient scores of the Atlantic Niño/Niña, to a large extent, depend on the prediction skill of the Niño3.4 index in the preceding boreal winter, implying that the precedent ENSO may greatly affect the development of Atlantic Niño/Niña in the following boreal summer.
Market-Oriented Cost-Effectiveness and Energy Analysis of Windows in Portugal
Authors: Raimundo António , Saraiva Nuno , Dias Pereira Luisa , Rebelo Ana
Published: June 2021

Glazed systems in buildings can account for a significant part of overall energy consumption. The unfavorable relationship between energy savings and the increased cost of energy-efficient windows is often the main drawback cited by customers to justify its non-acquisition. of glazed windows. This study addresses the relationship between the investment costs in windows and their energy performance and associated costs. Seventeen window manufacturers were contacted. This survey studied the state-of-the-art and the most-used windows in terms of energy efficiency and cost. Calumen and Guardian Configurator software were used to perform this assessment. Additionally, SEnergEd software was used to simulate the energy performance and compute the equivalent annual cost for the entire life cycle of buildings. Besides the economic benefits, the impact of the energy performance of the windows on the energy performance of the building was also studied. In terms of energy, the most efficient glazing system was two windows per span, resulting in a combined solar factor of 0.43 and a 0.55 W/(m2·K) heat-transfer coefficient. On the other hand, one window per span, with a solar factor of 0.79 and a 3.05 W/(m2 K) heat-transfer coefficient is the most cost-efficient to be used in Portugal.
Mechanical Behaviors of Granite after Thermal Shock with Different Cooling Rates
Authors: Xiao Peng , Zheng Jun , Dou Bin , Tian Hong , Cui Guodong , Kashif Muhammad
Published: June 2021

During the construction of nuclear waste storage facilities, deep drilling, and geothermal energy development, high-temperature rocks are inevitably subjected to thermal shock. The physical and mechanical behaviors of granite treated with different thermal shocks were analyzed by non-destructive (P-wave velocity test) and destructive tests (uniaxial compression test and Brazil splitting test). The results show that the P-wave velocity (VP), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus (E), and tensile strength (st) of specimens all decrease with the treatment temperature. Compared with air cooling, water cooling causes greater damage to the mechanical properties of granite. Thermal shock induces thermal stress inside the rock due to inhomogeneous expansion of mineral particles and further causes the initiation and propagation of microcracks which alter the mechanical behaviors of granite. Rapid cooling aggravates the damage degree of specimens. The failure pattern gradually transforms from longitudinal fracture to shear failure with temperature. In addition, there is a good fitting relationship between P-wave velocity and mechanical parameters of granite after different temperature treatments, which indicates P-wave velocity can be used to evaluate rock damage and predict rock mechanical parameters. The research results can provide guidance for high-temperature rock engineering.
The Structure and Optimal Gear Tooth Profile Design of Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Han Jae-Oh , Jeong Won-Hyeong , Lee Jong-Seok , Oh Se-Hoon
Published: June 2021

As environmental regulations have been strengthened worldwide since the Paris Climate Agreement, the automobile industry is shifting its production paradigm to focus on eco-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and hydrogen-battery vehicles. Governments are banning fossil fuel vehicles by law and expanding the introduction of green vehicles. The energy efficiency of electric vehicles that use a limited power source called batteries depends on the driving environment. Applying a two-speed transmission to an electric vehicle can optimize average speed and performance efficiency at low speeds, and achieve maximum speed with minimal torque at high speeds. In this study, a two-speed transmission for an electric vehicle has been developed, to be used in a compact electric vehicle. This utilizes a planetary gear of a total of three pairs, made of a single module which was intended to enable two-speed. The ring gear was removed, and the carrier was used in common. When shifting, the energy used for the speed change is small, due to the use of the simple method of fixing the sun gear of each stage. Each gear was designed by calculating bending strength and surface durability, using JGMA standards, to secure stability. The safety factor of the gears used in the transmission is as follows: all gears have been verified for safety with a bending strength of 1.2 or higher and a surface pressure strength of 1.1 or higher. The design validity of the transmission was verified by calculating the gear meshing ratio and the reference efficiency of the gear. The transmission to be developed through the research results of this paper has a simple and compact structure optimized for electric vehicles, and has reduced shift shock. In addition, energy can be used more efficiently, which will help improve fuel economy and increase drive range.
Policy Impact on Regional Biogas Using a Modular Modeling Tool
Authors: Rozakis Stelios , Bartoli Andrea , Dach Jacek , Jędrejek Anna , Kowalczyk-Juśko Alina , Mamica Łukasz , Pochwatka Patrycja , Pudelko Rafał , Shu Kesheng
Published: June 2021

Biogas development is expected to contribute to the National Recovery and Resilience plan to overcome the COVID-19 shock. Estimation of the agricultural biogas potential in economic terms can contribute to refining policies inciting effective sector development. In this paper, we attempt to do so by modeling a biogas chain from dedicated crops and livestock waste. This was achieved by coupling farming models to the biogas industry in a partial equilibrium framework. This allows for a comprehensive investigation of alternative measures in technology, size, spatial distribution and land use change. The integrated model was implemented in Lubelskie for the previous policy (green certificates) and the current policy (auction market). In both cases, the bottom-up profit driven optimization resulted in approximately 40 MWel, which shows a robust economic potential more than four times the biogas sector’s actual capacity in the region, also providing the detailed structure of the sector. When focusing on the industry structure, both scenarios give similar results regarding 1–2 MWel plant size close to the observed situation. The model also suggests a large number of new facilities <250 kWel, twice as important under scenario 2, indicating that other conditions beyond economy profitability should be fulfilled for further sector development.
Performance Evaluation of Coupled Thermal Enhancement through Novel Wire-Wound Fins Design and Graphene Nano-Platelets in Shell-and-Tube Latent Heat Storage System
Authors: Khan Zakir , Khan Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Technological development in latent heat storage (LHS) systems is essential for energy security and energy management for both renewable and non-renewable sources. In this article, numerical analyses on a shell-and-tube-based LHS system with coupled thermal enhancement through extended fins and nano-additives are conducted to propose optimal combinations for guaranteed higher discharging rate, enthalpy capacity and thermal distribution. Transient numerical simulations of fourteen scenarios with varied combinations are investigated in three-dimensional computational models. The shell-and-tube includes paraffin as phase change material (PCM), longitudinal, radial and wire-wound fins and graphene nano-platelets (GNP) as extended fins and nano-additives, respectively. The extended fins have demonstrated better effectiveness than nano-additives. For instance, the discharging durations for paraffin with longitudinal, radial and wire-wound fins are shortened by 88.76%, 95.13% and 96.44% as compared to 39.33% for paraffin with 2.5% GNP. The combined strengths of extended fins and nano-additives have indicated further enhancement in neutralising the insulative resistance and stratification of paraffin. However, the increase in volume fraction from 1% to 3% and 5% is rather detrimental to the total enthalpy capacity. Hence, the novel designed wire-wound fins with both base paraffin and paraffin with 1% GNP are proposed as optimal candidates owing to their significantly higher heat transfer potentials. The proposed novel designed configuration can retrieve 11.15 MJ of thermal enthalpy in 1.08 h as compared to 44.5 h for paraffin in a conventional shell-and-tube without fins. In addition, the proposed novel designed LHS systems have prolonged service life with zero maintenance and flexible scalability to meet both medium and large-scale energy storage demands.
The Prevalence and Trends of the Early Introduction of Cow Milk to Newborns at Tertiary Care Center: A Risk of Atopy
Authors: Atwah Ali F. , Koshak Emad A. , Alhussaini Bakr H. , Alsaedi Saad A.
Published: June 2021

Although all health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), few neonates meet these recommended goals. The early intake of cow milk formulas (CMFs) has been linked to several childhood illnesses, including atopic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of early exposure to CMFs in the nursery of a tertiary care hospital in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of feeding practices of neonates born in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) at Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two months from each year (May and December) were selected over the last five years. Approval from the ethical research committee at KAUH was obtained. Eight hundred and ninety-four different neonate files were reviewed. Four hundred and eighty-seven (54.5%) were males. Out of the total of 894, 838 (93.7%) newborns experienced an early introduction to CMFs, 797 (89.1%) received mixed CMF and breast milk, 41 (4.6%) received CMF only, and 56 (6.3%) received exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Surprisingly, EBF has declined over time, from 39% in May 2016 to 1% in December 2020. The prevalence of early exposure to CMF was very high in newborns at KAUH nursery, and this prevalence was trending upwards. Extensive teaching programs on EBF and allergy prevention for mothers and related health care providers are highly recommended
The Future of Food: Understanding Public Preferences for the Management of Agricultural Resources
Authors: Wolters Erika Allen , Steel Brent S. , Anderson Sydney , Moline Heather
Published: June 2021

The current U.S food system has managed to provide abundant food at a relatively low cost, even as the population increases. However, this unfettered growth is reaching maximum yields as demand for greater food production competes with other uses of agricultural lands. Extant ecological factors such as water scarcity are reducing food productivity, and competition for resources to produce food is becoming more apparent. This research examines public policy preferences of U.S. west coast citizens for the management of agricultural resources through the use of random household surveys. Results suggest overall support among respondents for food policies using regulatory, tax incentive, and voluntary outreach approaches. Multivariate analyses revealed that some social-demography, knowledge, environmental values, political ideology, and environmental efficacy variables were significant predictors of public opposition and support for food policies.
Complex Alterations of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Phospholipidome Uncovered in Isolated Colon Cancer Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hofmanová Jiřina , Slavík Josef , Ciganek Miroslav , Ovesná Petra , Tylichová Zuzana , Karasová Martina , Zapletal Ondřej , Straková Nicol , Procházková Jiřina , Bouchal Jan , Kolář Zdeněk , Ehrmann Jiří , Levková Monika , Hušková Zlatka , Skalický Pavel , Kozubík Alois , Machala Miroslav , Vondráček Jan
Published: June 2021

The development of colon cancer, one of the most common malignancies, is accompanied with numerous lipid alterations. However, analyses of whole tumor samples may not always provide an accurate description of specific changes occurring directly in tumor epithelial cells. Here, we analyzed in detail the phospholipid (PL), lysophospholipid (lysoPL), and fatty acid (FA) profiles of purified EpCAM+ cells, isolated from tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues of colon cancer patients. We found that a number of FAs increased significantly in isolated tumor cells, which also included a number of long polyunsaturated FAs. Higher levels of FAs were associated with increased expression of FA synthesis genes, as well as with altered expression of enzymes involved in FA elongation and desaturation, including particularly fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid desaturase 2 and ELOVL5 fatty acid elongase 5 We identified significant changes in ratios of specific lysoPLs and corresponding PLs. A number of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine species, containing long-chain and very-long chain FAs, often with high numbers of double bonds, were significantly upregulated in tumor cells. Increased de novo synthesis of very long-chain FAs, or, altered uptake or incorporation of these FAs into specific lysoPLs in tumor cells, may thus contribute to reprogramming of cellular phospholipidome and membrane alterations observed in colon cancer.
Combinations of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Distinct Latency Reversing Agents Variably Affect HIV Reactivation and Susceptibility to NK Cell-Mediated Killing of T Cells That Exit Viral Latency
Authors: Covino Daniela A. , Desimio Maria G. , Doria Margherita
Published: June 2021

The ‘shock-and-kill’ strategy to purge the latent HIV reservoir relies on latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate the provirus and subsequent immune-mediated killing of HIV-expressing cells. Yet, clinical trials employing histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis; Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat) as LRAs failed to reduce the HIV reservoir size, stressing the need for more effective latency reversal strategies, such as 2-LRA combinations, and enhancement of the immune responses. Interestingly, several LRAs are employed to treat cancer because they up-modulate ligands for the NKG2D NK-cell activating receptor on tumor cells. Therefore, using in vitro T cell models of HIV latency and NK cells, we investigated the capacity of HDACis, either alone or combined with a distinct LRA, to potentiate the NKG2D/NKG2D ligands axis. While Bortezomib proteasome inhibitor was toxic for both T and NK cells, the GS-9620 TLR-7 agonist antagonized HIV reactivation and NKG2D ligand expression by HDACis. Conversely, co-administration of the Prostratin PKC agonist attenuated HDACi toxicity and, when combined with Romidepsin, stimulated HIV reactivation and further up-modulated NKG2D ligands on HIV+ T cells and NKG2D on NK cells, ultimately boosting NKG2D-mediated viral suppression by NK cells. These findings disclose limitations of LRA candidates and provide evidence that NK cell suppression of reactivated HIV may be modulated by specific 2-LRA combinations.
Chr15q25 Genetic Variant rs16969968 Alters Cell Differentiation in Respiratory Epithelia
Authors: Diabasana Zania , Perotin Jeanne-Marie , Belgacemi Randa , Ancel Julien , Mulette Pauline , Launois Claire , Delepine Gonzague , Dubernard Xavier , Mérol Jean-Claude , Ruaux Christophe , Gosset Philippe , Maskos Uwe , Polette Myriam , Deslée Gaëtan , Dormoy Valérian
Published: June 2021

The gene cluster region, CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, contains several genetic variants linked to nicotine addiction and brain disorders. The CHRNA5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968 is strongly associated with nicotine dependence and lung diseases. Using immunostaining studies on tissue sections and air-liquid interface airway epithelial cell cultures, in situ hybridisation, transcriptomic and cytokines detection, we analysed rs16969968 contribution to respiratory airway epithelial remodelling and modulation of inflammation. We provide cellular and molecular analyses which support the genetic association of this polymorphism with impaired ciliogenesis and the altered production of inflammatory mediators. This suggests its role in lung disease development.
High Glucose Exposure Impairs L-Cell Differentiation in Intestinal Organoids: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Filippello Agnese , Di Mauro Stefania , Scamporrino Alessandra , Malaguarnera Roberta , Torrisi Sebastiano Alfio , Leggio Gian Marco , Di Pino Antonino , Scicali Roberto , Purrello Francesco , Piro Salvatore
Published: June 2021

Intestinal organoids are used to analyze the differentiation of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and to manipulate their density for treating type 2 diabetes. EEC differentiation is a continuous process tightly regulated in the gut by a complex regulatory network. However, the effect of chronic hyperglycemia, in the modulation of regulatory networks controlling identity and differentiation of EECs, has not been analyzed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of glucotoxicity on EEC differentiation in small intestinal organoid platforms. Mouse intestinal organoids were cultured in the presence/absence of high glucose concentrations (35 mM) for 48 h to mimic glucotoxicity. Chronic hyperglycemia impaired the expression of markers related to the differentiation of EEC progenitors (Ngn3) and L-cells (NeuroD1), and it also reduced the expression of Gcg and GLP-1 positive cell number. In addition, the expression of intestinal stem cell markers was reduced in organoids exposed to high glucose concentrations. Our data indicate that glucotoxicity impairs L-cell differentiation, which could be associated with decreased intestinal stem cell proliferative capacity. This study provides the identification of new targets involved in new molecular signaling mechanisms impaired by glucotoxicity that could be a useful tool for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Dysfunctions and Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Peyter Anne-Christine , Armengaud Jean-Baptiste , Guillot Estelle , Yzydorczyk Catherine
Published: June 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of several disorders, such as hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite health policies based on the promotion of physical exercise, the reduction of calorie intake and the consumption of healthy food, there is still a global rise in the incidence and prevalence of MetS in the world. This phenomenon can partly be explained by the fact that adverse events in the perinatal period can increase the susceptibility to develop cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are particularly at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders later in life. It has been shown that alterations in the structural and functional integrity of the endothelium can lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are circulating components of the endothelium playing a major role in vascular homeostasis. An association has been found between the maintenance of endothelial structure and function by EPCs and their ability to differentiate and repair damaged endothelial tissue. In this narrative review, we explore the alterations of EPCs observed in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders, describe some mechanisms related to such dysfunction and propose some therapeutical approaches to reverse the EPCs dysfunction.
Emerin Represses STAT3 Signaling through Nuclear Membrane-Based Spatial Control
Authors: Lee Byongsun , Lee Seungjae , Lee Younggwang , Park Yongjin , Shim Jaekyung
Published: June 2021

Emerin is the inner nuclear membrane protein involved in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the nuclear membrane. Mutations in EMD encoding emerin cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Evidence is accumulating that emerin regulation of specific gene expression is associated with this disease, but the exact function of emerin has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that emerin downregulates Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, activated exclusively by Janus kinase (JAK). Deletion mutation experiments show that the lamin-binding domain of emerin is essential for the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Emerin interacts directly and co-localizes with STAT3 in the nuclear membrane. Emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target genes Bcl2 and Survivin to increase cell survival signals and suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Specifically, downregulation of BAF or lamin A/C increases STAT3 signaling, suggesting that correct-localized emerin, by assembling with BAF and lamin A/C, acts as an intrinsic inhibitor against STAT3 signaling. In C2C12 cells, emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target gene, Pax7, and activated abnormal myoblast proliferation associated with muscle wasting in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Our results indicate that emerin downregulates STAT3 signaling by inducing retention of STAT3 and delaying STAT3 signaling in the nuclear membrane. This mechanism provides clues to the etiology of emerin-related muscular dystrophy and may be a new therapeutic target for treatment.
Clozapine Worsens Glucose Intolerance, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Kidney Damage, and Retinal Injury and Increases Renal Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chromium Loss in Obese Mice
Authors: Chang Geng-Ruei , Liu Hsien-Yueh , Yang Wei-Cheng , Wang Chao-Min , Wu Ching-Fen , Lin Jen-Wei , Lin Wei-Li , Wang Yu-Chen , Lin Tzu-Chun , Liao Huei-Jyuan , Hou Po-Hsun , Chan Chee-Hong , Lin Chuen-Fu
Published: June 2021

Clozapine is widely employed in the treatment of schizophrenia. Compared with that of atypical first-generation antipsychotics, atypical second-generation antipsychotics such as clozapine have less severe side effects and may positively affect obesity and blood glucose level. However, no systematic study of clozapine’s adverse metabolic effects—such as changes in kidney and liver function, body weight, glucose and triglyceride levels, and retinopathy—was conducted. This research investigated how clozapine affects weight, the bodily distribution of chromium, liver damage, fatty liver scores, glucose homeostasis, renal impairment, and retinopathy in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). We discovered that obese mice treated with clozapine gained more weight and had greater kidney, liver, and retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pad masses; higher daily food efficiency; higher serum or hepatic triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels; and higher hepatic lipid regulation marker expression than did the HFD-fed control mice. Furthermore, the clozapine group mice exhibited insulin resistance, poorer insulin sensitivity, greater glucose intolerance, and less Akt phosphorylation; their GLUT4 expression was lower, they had renal damage, more reactive oxygen species, and IL-1 expression, and, finally, their levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were lower. Moreover, clozapine reduced the thickness of retinal cell layers and increased iNOS and NF-κB expression; a net negative chromium balance occurred because more chromium was excreted through urine, and this influenced chromium mobilization, which did not help overcome the hyperglycemia. Our clozapine group had considerably higher fatty liver scores, which was supported by the findings of lowered adiponectin protein levels and increased FASN protein, PNPLA3 protein, FABP4 mRNA, and SREBP1 mRNA levels. We conclude that clozapine can worsen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and kidney and retinal injury. Therefore, long-term administration of clozapine warrants higher attention.
Pathogenesis-Related Genes of PR1, PR2, PR4, and PR5 Families Are Involved in the Response to Fusarium Infection in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Anisimova Olga K. , Shchennikova Anna V. , Kochieva Elena Z. , Filyushin Mikhail A.
Published: June 2021

Plants of the genus Allium developed a diversity of defense mechanisms against pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, including transcriptional activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the information on the regulation of PR factors in garlic (Allium sativum L.) is limited. In the present study, we identified AsPR genes putatively encoding PR1, PR2, PR4, and PR5 proteins in A. sativum cv. Ershuizao, which may be involved in the defense against Fusarium infection. The promoters of the AsPR1–5 genes contained jasmonic acid-, salicylic acid-, gibberellin-, abscisic acid-, auxin-, ethylene-, and stress-responsive elements associated with the response to plant parasites. The expression of AsPR1c, d, g, k, AsPR2b, AsPR5a, c (in roots), and AsPR4a(c), b, and AsPR2c (in stems and cloves) significantly differed between garlic cultivars resistant and susceptible to Fusarium rot, suggesting that it could define the PR protein-mediated protection against Fusarium infection in garlic. Our results provide insights into the role of PR factors in A. sativum and may be useful for breeding programs to increase the resistance of Allium crops to Fusarium infections.
The impact of animal-assisted therapy on psychoneurological status of children with developmental pathology (6 to 12 years)
Authors: Ryazantseva Nataliya , Menzul Elena , Fomichev Danil
Published: June 2021

Currently, there is an increasingly arising question about new non-medicinal remedies for
children, including animal-assisted therapy, which uses the person’s own reserves. The method of animal-assisted therapy exerts an effective influence on the positive dynamics in changing the psychoneurological status and higher psychological functions of children with developmental pathology.
The application of the animal-assisted therapy method in psychocorrection of children with pathology from 6 to 12 years is the most relevant and quite efficient.
We learned everything «on the march»
Authors: Kirsanova Elena
Published: June 2021

The chief nurse of the healthcare institution Elena Nikolaevna Kirsanova tells about the conditions under which the team of the SBHI Buzuluk Emergency Hospital began to fight the coronavirus and what experience the specialists have gained during this time.
The role of the nurse in dental care provision in the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Samara Region Novokuybyshevsk Dental Polyclinic
Authors: Chaschina Irina
Published: June 2021

The role of the nurse in providing dental care is to ensure the quality of care. The main parameters of the nurse's activity in the dental clinic are: observance of the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime, work with the patient and the dentist, organization of the dental office, and maintenance of medical documentation.
Safety of patients and medical personnel when providing medical care in the institution of surgical profile
Authors: Shneider Valentina
Published: June 2021

The issue of the occurrence of infections associated with the provision of medical care is relevant for any medical institution. The prevention of nosocomial infections applies not only to patients, but also to the personnel providing medical care at any stage of the patient's visit to a medical and preventive organization.
Chronic alcoholic liver disease in the practice of the medical assistant
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod
Published: June 2021

Alcohol abuse and the resulting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the leading cause of
disease and death worldwide. The absence of symptoms of the disease at the early stages explains the diagnosis at the late stages. Better identification of life history and prognostic factors, as well as the search for reliable non-invasive techniques for detecting ALD, are required. The main therapy for patients with ALD, regardless of the stage of the disease, is long-term alcohol abstinence. In compensated patients, the end results are the normalization of abnormal laboratory tests and reduction of liver fibrosis. These end results can be controlled non-invasively, but modern medical interventions
are largely limited and ineffective. Maintenance therapy is the basis of treatment, in which it is worth paying special attention to herbal preparations as less toxic.
Computer modeling of the interaction between flavonoids and biological targets
Authors: Terekhov Roman , Nikitin Ilya , Taldaev Amir , Selivanova Irina
Published: June 2021

Computer modeling is a method that is widely used in the scientific investigations. Every year it’s getting more and more popular and becomes an integral part of a number of scientific disciplines, including medical chemistry. Thanks to this method, specialists in the field of drug design can predict the biological activity of a compound and its toxicity, based on the structure of the molecule. This work is a systematic review of articles performed in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and contains information on computer modeling of the interaction of flavonoids with biological targets.
Pénzügyi élet a Libor után
Authors: Kovács Levente , Kajtor-Wieland Ildikó , Vass Péter
Published: June 2021

A tanulmány bevezetőjében vázlatosan bemutatjuk a referenciakamat szükségességét és annak egyik leginkább ismert típusát, a LIBOR-t (London Interbank Offered Rate), valamint a LIBOR manipulációjára tett kísérleteket. Ezek után részletesen áttekintjük és értékeljük a mutató megreformálására tett szabályozói kezdeményezéseket, kitérve az európai és a globális szabályozói környezetre, illetve a még a szabályozás előtti feladatokra. A tanulmányban ajánlásokat fogalmazunk meg a magyarországi referenciakamat-keretrendszerrel kapcsolatosan is, és javasoljuk egy ezzel foglalkozó munkacsoport kialakítását.
İslam Hukukunun Roma Hukukundan Etkilendiği Tezini Eleştiren Batılı Bir Hukukçu: S.V. FİTZGERALD
Authors: KOCABAŞ Savaş
Published: June 2021

İslam hukukunun Roma hukukundan etkilendiği ve ondan iktibas edildiği tezine karşı çıkan bazı batılı şarkiyatçılar” ve hukukçular vardır. Bunlardan biri İngiliz hukukçu S. V. Fitzgerald’dır. Fitzgerald 1951 yılında yayımlanan ve 1963 yılında Türkçe’ye, 1973 yılında da Arapça’ya tercüme edilen uzun makalesinde bu teze şiddetle karşı çıkmış ve eleştirmiştir. Önemli bilgiler ve derin analizler içeren makalesinde İslam hukukundan övgüyle bahsetmiş ve orijinalliğine vurgu yapan ifadeler kullanmıştır. Ona göre bu tez sahiplerinin izlemiş oldukları metot gayri ilmi, vermiş oldukları tarihi verilerin doğruluğu şüphelidir. İki hukuk arasındaki benzerlik iddiası çoğu zaman sun’î, hayâlî ve yanıltıcıdır. Fitzgerald bu görüşün önde gelen sorumlularını Prof. G. Sheldon Amos, Sava Paşa ve Goldziher olarak görür. Ona göre hiçbir İslam hukuk kitabında Roma hukukuna tek bir atfın bulunmaması, Roma hukukunun Arapça’ya tercüme teşebbüsünün tarihen ispat edilememesi, Roma hukukunun hiçbir teriminin İslam hukukuna geçmemesi bu tezi çürüten kanıtlardandır. Ayrıca İslam hukuku ile Roma hukuku arasında köklü farklılıklar bulunmaktadır.
Öğrencilerin Dijital Ortamlar Üzerinden Yapılan Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Derslerine Yönelik Tutumları (Sivas Zara İlçesi Örneği)
Authors: YİĞİT Yasin
Published: June 2021

2020 yılında Koronavirüs salgını dolayısıyla eğitim faaliyetleri aksamıştır. Bu durumdan kaynaklanan öğrenme kaybını azaltmak için öğretim faaliyetleri dijital ortamlar üzerinden yapılmaya başlamıştır. Yapılan bu faaliyetlerle ilgili sorunların belirlenmesi için meselenin bilimsel olarak ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı uzaktan öğretim sürecinde Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) Derslerine yönelik öğrenci tutumlarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma nicel yöntemlerle desenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu Sivas ilinin Zara ilçesindeki öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Özdemir ve Çelik tarafından geliştirilen “DKAB Dersi Tutum Ölçeği” ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sürecinde öğrencilerin derse yönelik tutumlarının bağımsız değişkenlerin etkisine bağlı olarak anlamlı bir şekilde değişkenlik gösterip göstermediği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin dijital ortamlar üzerinden yapılan din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi derslerine yönelik tutumları yüksektir. Ancak derslere katılma istekleri orta düzeydedir. Öğrencilerin tutumları okul türü, öğrenim düzeyi, din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi başarı durumu, öğretmenlerin ilgi çekici dijital materyal kullanma durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Araştırma din öğretimiyle ilgili uzaktan eğitimin değerlendirilmesi hususunda yapılan sınırlı çalışmalardan biri olduğu için önemlidir.
Hanefî Mezhebine Göre İbadetler ve Muâmelât Örnekleminde Taayyün Kavramı
Authors: KAYAPINAR Hasan
Published: June 2021

Taayyün kavramı fürû-i fıkıhta teorik olarak vazedilen hükmün somut hale gelmesini ifade etmektedir. Özellikle ibadetler alanında taayyün kavramına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Zira İslam dini insanlara bazı sorumluluklar yüklemiş ve bu sorumlulukların yerine getirilmesi için zaman dilimi tayin etmiştir. Ancak namaz gibi bazı ibadetlerin farziyeti hakkında kesin bir zaman tayin etmemiştir. Bu durum bahse konu olan ibadetlerin farziyetinin taayyün ettiği vakit hususunda mezhepler arasında tartışmaya yol açmıştır. Hanefî alimleri namazın farziyetinin vakit içerisinde kişinin edasıyla, vakit sonunda ise vaktin son cüz’ü ile taayyün ettiğini ileri sürmüştür. Buna karşın Şâfiî alimleri namazın farziyetinin vaktin başında taayyün ettiğini belirtmiştir. Namazın farziyetinin taayyün ettiği zaman dilimine ilişkin bu görüş ayrılığı yolcu namazı başta olmak üzere mezhepler arasında farklı hükümlere yol açmıştır. Aynı şekilde oruç ibadetinin vaktinin taayyün etmesi bu ibadetle ilgili niyete ilişkin görüş ayrılıklarına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu kavram ibadetler alanında kullanıldığı gibi muâmelât alanında da kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle Hanefî mezhebi taayyün kavramına vurgu yapmakta ve muâmelât alanında semen urûz ayrımında taayyün özelliğinin ayrıt edici olduğunu belirtmektedir.
Kur'an-I Kerim'deki harf-i cerlerin Anlami Ve Anadili Olmayanlara Arapça Öğretimi
Authors: A.A.ALY Emad
Published: June 2021

Edebî anlamda en üst seviye metin kabul edilen Kur'an-ı Kerim'de birçok dilbilimsel olgu mevcuttur. Bunlardan birisi de harf-i cerlerin anlamlarında yaşanan fikir ayrılıklarıdır. Elinizdeki çalışmanın amacı, özellikle Kuran ayetlerinde geçen harf-i cerlerin semantik özelliklerini derlemek, anlamlarını, türlerini ve ayetteki yerlerini ortaya koymak, genel olarak Arapçadaki anlamı ve özellikle sahip olduğu anlamlar yanında ayetteki tercih edilen anlamlarını ve görevlerini saptamaktır. Ayrıca harf-i cerlerin anlam farklılıkları yüzünden ayetleri ve edebi metinleri kavrama noktasında, harf-i cerlerin kullanım şekilleri ve uygulaması hususunda öğrencinin karşılaştığı sorunlar ve zorluklar, Arapçanın öğretimi sırasında harf-i cerlerin kullanım ve tercih metotları ele alınmaktadır. Harf-i cerler semantik açıdan anlam farklılıklarına uğrar. Bir çok dilbilimci tarafından bu konu üzerine araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bazıları harf-i cerlerin anlamlarında farklılıklar olduğunu reddetmiş bazıları ise bu farklılıkları kabul etmiştir. Anlamda farklılıklar yaşandığını reddedenlerden biri de İbn Cinnî'dir. Şiirlerde ve Arapların dilinde harf-i cerlerin anlamda farklılık gösterdiğini kabul edip bunu örneklerle açıklayanlardan biri ise İbn Kuteybe'dir. Bu çalışmada konu tümevarımsal ve çözümlemeci bir metotla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde konunun önemine, neden böyle bir konun tercih edildiğine ve kelam mefhumuna değinilmiştir. İki bölümden oluşan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, harf-i cerlerin geçirdiği anlam değişimine dair örnekler yer alırken ikinci bölümde, sınıf ortamında harf-i cerlerin öğretimi uygulaması ele alınmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise araştırma neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Rijit Kifoskolyozlu Hastalarda Uygulanan Halo Gravite Traksiyonun Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PAKSOY Kemal
Published: June 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Rijit kifoskolyoz hastalığının tedavisinde çözülmesi gereken birçok problem bulunur. Bu çalışmada amaç sorunların tedavisinde kullanılan halo gravite traksiyonu uygulanmasının hastalarda günlük yaşam aktivitelerine, fonksiyonlarına ve ruhsal durumlarına etkilerini ortaya koymaktı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Rijit kifoskolyoz tanısı ile cerrahisi yapılacak hastalara cerrahi öncesi halo gravite traksiyonu uygulandı. Çalışmamıza traksiyon tedavisi gören toplam 14 hasta alındı. Toplam 14 hastanın %28,6’sı (n=4) erkek, %71,4’ü kadın (n=10) idi. Ortalama yaş 17.22 ± 6.15 idi. Hastaların 6’sı (%42,8) idiyopatik skolyoz, 5’i (%35,7) konjenital skolyoz ve 3’ü (%21,5) nöromüsküler skolyozdu. Hastalara işlem sonrası 10’uncu gün ve traksiyon işlemi sonrası birinci ayda yaşam kalite ölçeklerinden Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) ile değerlendirilmesi yapıldı.

Bulgular: Halo traksiyon uygulamasının verilerinin analizi için Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p
Mecanismos subyacentes a la linfopenia en la infección por SARS CoV-2, y su relación con la severidad de la enfermedad.
Authors: Calvo Arrieta Karol , Chinchilla Ureña Ana Lucía , Orozco Barquero Antony , Ibarra Ureña Rosa , Navarro Solís Alejandro Jose
Published: June 2021

Actualmente nos encontramos en una carrera logística respecto a la enfermedad COVID-19. Uno de los signos característicos en pacientes severos son las alteraciones en el recuento de linfocitos. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar y relacionar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la relación existente entre la linfopenia y los casos severos de la enfermedad COVID-19. Para poder llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos consultando la base de datos PubMed, en los idiomas español e inglés.

Hay estudios que sugieren vías por las cuales el virus SARS-CoV2 induce una linfopenia por lisis directa de los linfocitos, una disminución indirecta, mediante la afectación de órganos linfáticos o inducción de vías apoptóticas.  Mientras que otras publicaciones describen un fenotipo exhausto de la población linfoide, presentando habilidad reducida en cuadros severos de COVID-19. Finalmente, se describe también como causa potencial de la disminución de linfocitos T circulantes al secuestro o redistribución de dichos linfocitos T hacia sitios de inflamación.

Los estudios sobre COVID-19 han permitido determinar la linfopenia como un signo frecuente en cuadros severos de la enfermedad. Convirtiendo así esta alteración en el hemograma en un factor pronóstico de la enfermedad. Es evidente la necesidad de investigación adicional respecto a los muchos factores causantes de la linfopenia, ya que por el momento no es posible aclarar cuales subpoblaciones de pacientes desarrollarán cuadros severos con los hallazgos y la bibliografía disponible a la fecha.
Evidencia de Tiotropio en asma.
Authors: Yagua Velasquez Stephanie Veronica , Solano Vega Luis Diego
Published: June 2021

Asthma is a chronic disease with a significant disease burden and many patients fail to control the disease despite recommended medical therapy.19 The long-term goals of asthma management include achieving good control of symptoms, minimizing risk asthma exacerbations, reduce hospitalizations, use of rescue medication, airflow limitation and side effects, as well as allow normal levels of activity.29 According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines , asthma management is based on a cornerstone of inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS), supplemented with complementary therapies for those with poor or deteriorating disease control.1 Tiotropium, a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator that is administered once a day, it is indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for more than a decade and has recently been approved in several countries for the treatment of asthma.18 In this review, we summarized the significant effect of tiotropium for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma, mainly in increasing morning PEF, evening PEF, peak FEV and trough FEV based on high-quality RCTs. Nevertheless, no significant difference in peak FVC, trough FVC, AE and serious AE was found between the 2 groups. A close comparison of the 2 groups revealed that more high-quality larger-sample RCTs are needed to gather more strong evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tiotropium for clinical practice.
How Does Personality And Sociodemographic Characteristics Affect Attitudes Towards Cute Products? The Case of Turkey
Authors: ÜNAL ADIGÜZEL Deniz , BARUTÇU Süleyman
Published: June 2021

The purposes of this study are to determine whether attitudes towards cute products depend on consumer personalities and to reveal the personality and demographic characteristics of individuals who are most sensitive towards cute stimuli and products. Descriptive research and face-to-face survey methods were used to collect primary data. According to the research conducted to identify the individuals with the most positive attitude towards cute products, it is possible to list these personality and sociodemographic characteristics: women; individuals in the 35–54 age range; individuals of non-neurotic personality types, particularly individuals with openness personality types; and individuals with hedonic structure. Moreover, although neurotic personality types don’t like cute products results show that if we support marketing efforts with hedonic factors, then neurotic consumers become positive towards cute products.