bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La publicidad y el ideal del “mínimo esfuerzo”
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., México, González López Arturo
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo explora las actitudes y patrones adquiridos en el entorno social de los habitantes de la Ciudad de Monterrey, México, como factores determinantes para su desarrollo personal y profesional. La hipótesis de trabajo fue que la concepción del éxito o fracaso personal y profesional de las personas es determinada por los mensajes publicitarios, supuesto que fue rechazado, ya que, según los resultados del proyecto, la visión del éxito o el fracaso se conforma desde el núcleo familiar y los lazos sociales (amigos, compañeros, parejas), aunque también incide el contenido mediático a través de programas, telenovelas, y no exclusivamente de la publicidad.
La donación voluntaria de sangre desde la perspectiva comunicativa
Authors:   University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, EE.UU., Abril Eulalia P.
Published: January 2017

Utilizando el Modelo de Mediación Comunicativa, se argumenta que la comunicación interpersonal tiene potencial como motivadora y facilitadora de la donación voluntaria de sangre. Para evaluar este argumento, se usan tres tipos de donación: donación pasada, intención futura e intención en caso de emergencia. Los resultados del análisis de ruta usando datos de una encuesta representativa de la población colombiana muestran que hablar sobre donación es central en la donación. Los efectos directos de la conversación sobre la donación pasada y la intención futura son significativos. De especial interés, esta conversación actúa como mediadora del uso de medios masivos y una serie de variables pro-cívicas. Los resultados aplican para donantes primerizos y repetitivos.
Dispositivo visual y normalización de lo juvenil en revista Margarita (1934-1939)
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Aguilera Ruiz Oscar , Saa Espinoza Marcela ,   Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (España)
Published: January 2017

Este artículo da cuenta de los modos de producción de imágenes hegemónicas sobre juventud femenina en Chile a partir del estudio de piezas publicitarias insertas en la revista Margarita. El corpus analizado fue de 17 imágenes publicitarias provenientes de la revista Margarita, del sello editorial Zig-Zag, en el período 1934-1939. La imagen, entendida como dispositivo visual, permitió comprender la red de relaciones que la hacen posible y la productividad que constituye lo visual. Estas imágenes, al promover acciones y productos específicos de cuidado corporal, se incorporan a un movimiento de registro, lenguaje y práctica biopolítica.
Comunicación sobre el cáncer en Facebook. Las asociaciones de Argentina, Chile, Colombia y España
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, España, Fernández-Gómez Erika , Díaz-Campo Jesús ,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, España
Published: January 2017

Este artículo aborda la estrategia de comunicación en Facebook de asociaciones sin ánimo de lucro pertenecientes a cuatro países de habla hispana donde el cáncer es la segunda causa de mortalidad. El análisis de contenido de los mensajes publicados durante tres meses revela una mayor actividad durante periodos de celebración de lucha contra el cáncer o diferentes campañas. La mayoría de los mensajes se refieren al cáncer de forma general sin abordar uno específico; informan a los seguidores y crean conciencia en ellos, empleando como recurso principal la imagen. Los seguidores prefieren darle a “Me gusta” o “Compartir” antes que comentar.
Adultos mayores en Chile: descripción de sus necesidades en comunicación en salud preventiva
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Condeza Ana Rayén , Bastías Gabriel ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Valdivia Gonzalo ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cheix Consuelo ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Barrios Ximena ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rojas Rodrigo ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gálvez Myrna ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Fernández Francisco ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo expone las necesidades en comunicación en salud de 181 chilenos autónomos, mayores de 60 años, para diseñar el prototipo de un sistema de comunicación en salud preventiva para estas audiencias y sus redes de apoyo. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre variables personales, de sociabilidad, uso de medios y tecnologías, bienestar subjetivo y autopercepción de salud. Esto para definir los objetivos de comunicación, el medio (un sitio web multiplataforma), la línea editorial y los contenidos en diferentes formatos, desde la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo. El equipo de investigación es de carácter interdisciplinario: comunicación, salud pública y sociología del envejecimiento.
El liderazgo femenino en la creatividad publicitaria
Authors:   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España, Montes Clara , Roca David ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Published: January 2017

Esta investigación estudia a las directoras creativas publicitarias en su rol de líderes. Se centra en su presencia en los departamentos creativos y no en las causas de su ausencia. Tras entrevistar a seis directoras creativas españolas que han conseguido llegar y mantenerse en ese departamento, se explica cómo estas comprenden, perciben y ejecutan su liderazgo, y cómo perciben que las valoran sus empleados. Los resultados muestran que ellas encajan en la definición del líder –vs. manager– que propone la literatura. Su liderazgo, puede enmarcarse en el estilo efectivo, creativo, transformacional y democrático que identifica al liderazgo ideal actualmente
La voz de la comunidad en la preparación de un megaevento: Río 2016
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Sebastiao Sónia Pedro , Lemos Ana Isabel ,   Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Published: January 2017

El artículo aborda la importancia de la comunidad local en la preparación de megaeventos, tomando el caso de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro en 2016. Para eso, se recurre al e-clipping de noticias de tres periódicos brasileños, de los que se extrae un análisis cuantitativo de los temas abordados y de las voces presentes en las noticias. También se lleva a cabo un análisis cualitativo de las noticias en las que se observa asociación entre protestas y los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016. Como resultado, se detecta la lejanía entre los intereses de la organización del megaevento (dominantes) y los intereses de la comunidad (desvalorizados), además de evidenciarse el rol de los medios en la representación de ambos
Representaciones de candidatas parlamentarias en nuevos medios de comunicación
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Baeza Reyes Andrea , Lamadrid Álvarez Silvia ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: January 2017

Este artículo indaga en las representaciones sociales construidas por candidatas parlamentarias durante su campaña electoral de 2013 en Chile. Considerando la baja representación política femenina y el rol de los nuevos medios en la política mediatizada, se revisaron las cuentas de Twitter de mujeres aspirantes al Congreso Nacional para el periodo 2014- 2018. Aplicando un análisis crítico de discurso, se detectaron representaciones progresistas o tradicionales en términos de política, pero indiferencia respecto de problemáticas de género, o su reducción a asuntos de familia. Ello supone desafíos a la representación mediática de las necesidades de las mujeres para su autonomía política.
Disparidades de género en la cobertura mediática de campañas electorales locales en México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Rodelo Frida V.
Published: January 2017

Un ejercicio pleno del derecho de las mujeres a participar en la política implica también una cobertura mediática no discriminatoria de las campañas electorales. Para determinar si hubo diferencias de género en el volumen de cobertura de las primeras campañas en que se aplica el principio de paridad de género en México, se analizaron datos provenientes de las campañas locales de Jalisco. Se encontró que los hombres obtuvieron medias de porcentaje de notas significativamente superiores a la de sus contrapartes mujeres, especialmente cuando se compararon los volúmenes de cobertura de candidaturas postuladas por partidos gobernantes (incumbents) y por partidos grandes.
¿Están los políticos políticamente comprometidos? Análisis del compromiso político 2.0 desarrollado por los candidatos a través de Facebook
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, Muñiz Carlos , Dader José Luis ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España, Téllez Nilsa Marlen ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, Salazar Alondra ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
Published: January 2017

Las redes sociales posibilitan una relación rápida y próxima entre candidatos y ciudadanos, que se potencia si los primeros fomentan el diálogo y la participación de los segundos, es decir, mantienen un compromiso político 2.0. Se elaboró una escala para medir este compromiso en Facebook, validada mediante un análisis de contenido de los posteos publicados por los principales candidatos en dos elecciones a gobernador en estados mexicanos. Los resultados reflejan que Facebook es utilizado por los candidatos más para lanzar propuestas y reflexiones que como un escenario para promover la participación ciudadana mediante intercambio de ideas.
Biochemical characterization of the Helicobacter pylori Cag‐type IV secretion system unique component CagU
Authors: Kumari Rajesh , Shariq Mohd , Kumar Navin , Mukhopadhyay Gauranga
Published: January 2017

Many strains of Helicobacter pylori encode a protein secreting type IV secretion system called the Cag‐T4SS. Here, we characterize one of the Cag‐T4SS‐specific components, CagU (HP0531). We report that CagU is a bacterial inner membrane‐associated protein, partially processed at the C terminus, and that it interacts with the VirB6 and VirB8 homologs CagW and CagV, respectively. The level of expression of CagU is partially affected in the absence of cagX, cagW, and cagV. Deletion of cagU aborts surface localization of CagA and affects the expression levels of CagI and CagH, which are involved in the Cag‐T4SS pilus formation. Complementation of the cagU null mutation by wild‐type cagU restores all these functions, suggesting its importance for Cag‐T4SS function.
Impact of tropical cyclones on modeled extreme wind‐wave climate
Authors: Timmermans Ben , Stone Dáithí , Wehner Michael , Krishnan Harinarayan
Published: January 2017

The effect of forcing wind resolution on the extremes of global wind‐wave climate are investigated in numerical simulations. Forcing winds from the Community Atmosphere Model at horizontal resolutions of ∼1.0° and ∼0.25° are used to drive Wavewatch III. Differences in extreme wave height are found to manifest most strongly in tropical cyclone (TC) regions, emphasizing the need for high‐resolution forcing in those areas. Comparison with observations typically show improvement in performance with increased forcing resolution, with a strong influence in the tail of the distribution, although simulated extremes can exceed observations. A simulation for the end of the 21st century under a RCP 8.5 type emission scenario suggests further increases in extreme wave height in TC regions.
Urban heat island‐induced increases in evapotranspirative demand
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Schatz Jason , Kucharik Christopher J. , Loheide Steven P.
Published: January 2017

Although the importance of vegetation in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) is known, the impacts of UHI‐induced changes in micrometeorological conditions on vegetation are not well understood. Here we show that plant water requirements are significantly higher in urban areas compared to rural areas surrounding Madison, WI, driven by increased air temperature with minimal effects of decreased air moisture content. Local increases in impervious cover are strongly associated with increased evapotranspirative demand in a consistent manner across years, with most increases caused by elevated temperatures during the growing season rather than changes in changes in growing season length. Potential evapotranspiration is up to 10% higher due to the UHI, potentially mitigating changes to the water and energy balances caused by urbanization. Our results indicate that local‐scale land cover decisions (increases in impervious cover) can significantly impact evapotranspirative demand, with likely implications for water and carbon cycling in urban ecosystems.
Sura heating facility transmissions to the CASSIOPE/e‐POP satellite
Authors: James H. G. , Frolov V. L. , Andreeva E. S. , Padokhin A. M. , Siefring C. L.
Published: January 2017

Throughout a nighttime pass of the CASSIOPE satellite at an altitude of about 1300 km above the Sura heating facility, transmission of O‐mode radiation from Sura to the enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) Radio Receiver Instrument on CASSIOPE was maintained. Also, during this pass, continuous VHF/UHF transmission from the e‐POP Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography radio beacon to three coordinated ground receivers in the Sura vicinity was achieved. Tomography of the VHF/UHF received wave data based on total electron content permitted the two‐dimensional distribution of ionospheric ambient electron plasma frequency fpe to be determined in the latitude‐altitude space between Sura and CASSIOPE. The foF2 values about 0.1 MHz above the Sura pump frequency of 4.3 MHz were measured by the tomography. We examine the question of whether the observations can be explained on the basis of classic propagation in a smooth ionosphere. Tracing of rays from Sura toward CASSIOPE orbital locations finds most rays reflected away from the topside by the patchy ionospheric structure in bottomside fpe. It is concluded that O‐mode ducting in underdense field‐aligned irregularities is responsible for maintaining the transionospheric transmission across the 2 min pass. O‐ to Z‐mode “radio‐window” conversion in the F region bottomside is not required to explain these data.
Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration‐discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment, and major ions
Authors: Moatar F. , Abbott B. W. , Minaudo C. , Curie F. , Pinay G.
Published: January 2017

To investigate the prevalence and cause of concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships for carbon, nutrients, major ions, and particulates, we analyzed 40 years of water quality data from 293 monitoring stations in France. Catchments drained diverse landscapes and ranged from 50 to 110,000 km2, together covering nearly half of France. To test for differences during low and high flows, we calculated independent C‐Q slopes above and below the median discharge. We found that 84% of all catchment‐element combinations were chemodynamic for at least half of the hydrograph and 60% of combinations showed nonlinear C‐Q curves. Only two or three of the nine possible C‐Q modalities were manifest for each parameter, and these modalities were stable through time, suggesting that intrinsic and extrinsic elemental properties (e.g., solubility, reactivity, and source dynamics) set basic C‐Q templates for each parameter, which are secondarily influenced by biological activity during low flows, and the interaction between hydrology and catchment characteristics at high flows. Several patterns challenged current C‐Q views, including low‐flow chemostasis for TSS in 66% of catchments, low‐flow biological mediation of
in 71% of catchments, and positive C‐Q for dissolved organic carbon independent of catchment size in 80% of catchments. Efforts to reduce nutrient loading decreased phosphorus concentration and altered C‐Q curves, but
continued to increase. While C‐Q segmentation requires more data than a single analysis, the prevalence of nonlinear C‐Q slopes demonstrates the potential information loss associated with linear or monotonic analysis of C‐Q relationships, and conversely, the value of long‐term monitoring.
Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additives to Render Uniform Li Deposits in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Chen Xiang , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2017

Lithium (Li) metal has been considered as an important substitute for the graphite anode to further boost the energy density of Li‐ion batteries. However, Li dendrite growth during Li plating/stripping causes safety concern and poor lifespan of Li metal batteries (LMB). Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives are used to form a LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The FEC‐induced SEI layer is compact and stable, and thus beneficial to obtain a uniform morphology of Li deposits. This uniform and dendrite‐free morphology renders a significantly improved Coulombic efficiency of 98% within 100 cycles in a Li | Cu half‐cell. When the FEC‐protected Li metal anode matches a high‐loading LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NMC) cathode (12 mg cm−2), a high initial capacity of 154 mAh g−1 (1.9 mAh cm−2) at 180.0 mA g−1 is obtained. This LMB with conversion‐type Li metal anode and intercalation‐type NMC cathode affords an emerging energy storage system to probe the energy chemistry of Li metal protection and demonstrates the material engineering of batteries with very high energy density.
Thin, Soft, Skin‐Mounted Microfluidic Networks with Capillary Bursting Valves for Chrono‐Sampling of Sweat
Authors: Choi Jungil , Kang Daeshik , Han Seungyong , Kim Sung Bong , Rogers John A.
Published: January 2017

Systems for time sequential capture of microliter volumes of sweat released from targeted regions of the skin offer the potential to enable analysis of temporal variations in electrolyte balance and biomarker concentration throughout a period of interest. Current methods that rely on absorbent pads taped to the skin do not offer the ease of use in sweat capture needed for quantitative tracking; emerging classes of electronic wearable sweat analysis systems do not directly manage sweat‐induced fluid flows for sample isolation. Here, a thin, soft, “skin‐like” microfluidic platform is introduced that bonds to the skin to allow for collection and storage of sweat in an interconnected set of microreservoirs. Pressure induced by the sweat glands drives flow through a network of microchannels that incorporates capillary bursting valves designed to open at different pressures, for the purpose of passively guiding sweat through the system in sequential fashion. A representative device recovers 1.8 µL volumes of sweat each from 0.8 min of sweating into a set of separate microreservoirs, collected from 0.03 cm2 area of skin with approximately five glands, corresponding to a sweat rate of 0.60 µL min−1 per gland. Human studies demonstrate applications in the accurate chemical analysis of lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations and their temporal variations.
Improving the Quality of the Si/Cu2O Interface by Methyl‐Group Passivation and Its Application in Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Liang Zhimin , Wang Yu , Su Mingze , Mai Wenjie , Xu Jianbin , Xie Weiguang , Liu Pengyi
Published: January 2017

Si/Cu2O Schottky‐junction photovoltaic devices are fabricated by the thermal deposition of a Cu2O thin film on a silicon surface that has been passivated with methyl (CH3) groups. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the methyl‐group passivation is efficient for suppressing the oxidation of silicon and the formation of CuxO species. The thermally deposited Cu2O presents a pure phase with a valance band edge at (EF – 0.97) eV, where EF is the Fermi level. By optimizing the nanostructure of the silicon surface, air‐stable devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.02% are achieved. Analysis of the dark current density as a function of voltage (J–V curves) shows that the carrier transport through the Si–CH3/Cu2O junction deviates from the thermionic emission diode model because part of the applied voltage drops at the depletion layer as a result of the CH3 passivation. This explains the higher short‐circuit current density (JSC) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and the lower fill factor (FF) of the Si–CH3/Cu2O device relative to a device with H passivation. These findings provide insight into strategies for further improving the photovoltaic performance of the Si/Cu2O heterojunction.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross–Couplings of Sterically Encumbered Alkenyl Bromides and N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Paraja Miguel , Barroso Raquel , Cabal M. Paz , Valdés Carlos
Published: January 2017

A new method for the synthesis of polysubstituted conjugated dienes is described, through the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between N‐tosylhydrazones and alkenyl bromides. The reaction proceeds efficiently when a combination of a highly substituted bromoalkene and a hydrazone derived from a ketone are employed, pointing to the convenience of a sterically encumbered environment. This unprecedented process allows for the stereocontrolled preparation of highly substituted dienes and polyenes.

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Functional planning units for the management of an endangered Brazilian titi monkey
Authors: Gouveia Sidney F. , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , de Souza Bruno B. , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Ferrari Stephen F.
Published: January 2017

Conservation practices in the tropics often rely on the data available for a few, better‐known species and the adoption of an appropriate spatial scale. By defining a set of landscape units that account for critical aspects of the focal species, the information available on these conservation targets can support regional conservation policies. Here, we define and classify adjacent landscapes, termed planning units, to orientate management decisions within and among these landscapes, which are occupied by an endangered flagship primate species (Coimbra‐Filho's titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai) from eastern Brazil. We use landscape boundaries (highways and river systems), and a high‐resolution map of forest remnants to identify continuous and manageable landscapes. We employed functional landscape metrics based on the species’ dispersal ability and home range size to characterize and classify these landscapes. We classified planning units by scoring them according to a suite of selected metrics through a Principal Component Analysis. We propose 31 planning units, containing one to six C. coimbrai populations, most with low values of habitat availability, functional connectivity and carrying capacity, and a high degree of degradation. Due to this poor landscape configuration, basic management practices are recommendable. However, additional aspects of the landscapes and the populations they contain (e.g., matrix type and genetic variability) should improve the scheme, which will require a closer integration of research aims with socio‐political strategies. Even so, our scheme should prove useful for the combination of information on conservation targets (i.e., focal species) with management strategies on an administrative scale.
Primates on display: Potential disease consequences beyond bushmeat
Authors: Muehlenbein Michael P.
Published: January 2017

Human interactions with nonhuman primates vary tremendously, from daily cultural engagements and food commodities, to pet ownership and tourist encounters. These interactions provide opportunities for the exchange of pathogenic organisms (both zoonoses and anthroponoses). As exposures are not limited to areas where bushmeat usage continues to be a major problem, we must work to understand better our motivations for engaging in activities like owning primates as pets and having direct physical contact with wild primates within the context of nature‐based tourism. These topics, and the theoretical potential for pathogen transmission, are reviewed in the present manuscript. This is followed by a case study utilizing 3845 survey responses collected from four international locations known for primate‐based tourism, with results indicating that while a majority of people understand that they can give/get diseases to/from wild primates, a surprising percentage would still touch or feed these animals if given the opportunity. Many people still choose to touch and/or own primates, as their drive to bond with animals outweighs some basic health behaviors. Desires to tame, control, or otherwise establish emotional connections with other species, combined with the central role of touch for exploring our environment, necessitate the development of better communication and educational campaigns to minimize risks of emerging infectious diseases.
Peptide N‐Amination Supports β‐Sheet Conformations
Authors: Sarnowski Matthew P. , Kang Chang Won , Elbatrawi Yassin M. , Wojtas Lukasz , Del Valle Juan R.
Published: January 2017

The conformational heterogeneity of backbone N‐substituted peptides limits their ability to adopt stable secondary structures. Herein, we describe a practical synthesis of backbone aminated peptides that readily adopt β‐sheet folds. Data derived from model N‐amino peptides suggest that extended conformations are stabilized through cooperative steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
A PDE6δ‐KRas Inhibitor Chemotype with up to Seven H‐Bonds and Picomolar Affinity that Prevents Efficient Inhibitor Release by Arl2
Authors: Martín‐Gago Pablo , Fansa Eyad K. , Klein Christian H. , Murarka Sandip , Janning Petra , Schürmann Marc , Metz Malte , Ismail Shehab , Schultz‐Fademrecht Carsten , Baumann Matthias , Bastiaens Philippe I. H. , Wittinghofer Alfred , Waldmann Herbert
Published: January 2017

Small‐molecule inhibition of the interaction between the KRas oncoprotein and the chaperone PDE6δ impairs KRas spatial organization and signaling in cells. However, despite potent binding in vitro (KD<10 nm), interference with Ras signaling and growth inhibition require 5–20 μm compound concentrations. We demonstrate that these findings can be explained by fast release of high‐affinity inhibitors from PDE6δ by the release factor Arl2. This limitation is overcome by novel highly selective inhibitors that bind to PDE6δ with up to 7 hydrogen bonds, resulting in picomolar affinity. Their release by Arl2 is greatly decreased, and representative compounds selectively inhibit growth of KRas mutated and ‐dependent cells with the highest activity recorded yet. Our findings indicate that very potent inhibitors of the KRas‐PDE6δ interaction may impair the growth of tumors driven by oncogenic KRas.
Thermally Adjustable Dynamic Disulfide Linkages Mediated by Highly Air‐Stable 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) Radicals
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Goseki Raita , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: January 2017

Intrinsically exchangeable dynamic covalent bonds that can be triggered by readily usable stimuli offer easy incorporation of their dynamic properties in various molecular systems, but the library of such bonds is still being developed. Herein, we report the dynamic covalent chemistry of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) dimers derived from thermally reversible homolytic dissociation of disulfide linkages. High air stability of TEMPS was observed even at 100 °C, affording facile employment of thermal dissociation–association equilibria and adjustable bond exchange properties under atmospheric conditions. We also established an efficient synthetic route for a modifiable derivative of the dimer that enabled incorporation of dynamic properties into linear and network polymer structures. The obtained polymers showed controllable molecular weights, temperature‐dependent swelling properties, healing ability, and recyclability, reflecting the thermally tunable dynamics of the dimer.
Discrimination between Conglomerates and Pseudoracemates Using Surface Coverage Plots in 2D Self‐Assemblies at the Liquid–Graphite Interface
Authors: Maeda Naoki , Hirose Takashi , Matsuda Kenji
Published: January 2017

The two‐dimensional (2D) molecular ordering of two photochromic diarylethenes was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy at the liquid–graphite interface. The racemic mixture of the closed‐ring isomer of one of the diarylethenes showed spontaneous separation of its enantiomers upon 2D crystallization, whereas that of the other diarylethene formed a pseudoracemic crystal in which two enantiomers coexist in a 2D ordering domain. The mixing of enantiomers in 2D assemblies can be analyzed by the dependence of the surface coverage on the concentration of enantiomers at different enantiomeric ratios.
General Synthesis of Multishell Mixed‐Metal Oxyphosphide Particles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guan Bu Yuan , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: January 2017

We report a general approach for the synthesis of multishell mixed‐metal oxyphosphide particles. Seven‐layer Mn‐Co oxide particles were first prepared by thermal treatment of Mn‐Co coordination polymer precursors. Afterwards, these multishell Mn‐Co oxide particles were further transformed into multishell Mn‐Co oxyphosphide particles through a phosphidation reaction. This approach is very versatile and can be applied to synthesize other multishell mixed‐metal oxyphosphide particles with different compositions. By applying a constant electrochemical potential, these multishell Mn‐Co oxyphosphide particles can be activated to produce Mn‐Co oxide/hydroxide species in their nanoshells and then show greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
A ‘self‐adjustment’ mechanism for mixed‐layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Wang Bin , Huang Wenyu
Published: January 2017

Wind forcing is one of the most important sources for the oceanic energy cycle and is especially critical to the heat budget of surface mixed layer. The sensitivity of heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue (EACT) region (5°S–5°N, 25°W–5°E) to wind forcing and the related mechanism are explored in this study. Based on the experiments forced by different wind forcing from both reanalysis and idealized datasets, it is revealed that the contribution ratio for each of the dominant physical processes in the heat budget is insensitive (the variations within 1% of the mean) to the variations in the local winds (the largest variation is about 20% of the mean) over the EACT region. Therefore, a ‘self‐adjustment’ mechanism exists in the mixed‐layer heat budget: as local zonal winds over the EACT region strengthen (weaken), both the cooling effects of turbulent mixing and the combined warming effects of surface net heat flux and zonal advection simultaneously increase (decrease) by nearly the same percentage and thus their contribution ratios are kept constant. Owing to the impact of meridional winds on each term of heat budget can be neglected, the above mechanism is also tenable under the situation when the local meridional winds change.
Maximizing Output in RNA‐Programmed Peptidyl‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Di Pisa Margherita , Hauser Anett , Seitz Oliver
Published: January 2017

A chemical reaction that is triggered by a specific RNA molecule might provide opportunities for the design of artificial feedback loops. We envision a peptidyl transfer reaction in which mRNA encoding an antiapoptotic protein would instruct the synthesis of apoptosis‐inducing peptides. In this study, we used the RNA‐programmed synthesis of a 16‐mer peptide derived from the BH3 domain of the protein Bak, which inhibits the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL. The reaction involves the transfer of a thioester‐linked donor peptide fragment from one PNA conjugate to an acceptor peptide–PNA conjugate. We asked two key questions. What are the chemical requirements that allow RNA‐templated synthesis of a 16‐mer peptide to proceed at lower (nanomolar) concentrations of RNA, that is, the concentration range found in cancer cells? Will such reactions provide sufficient amounts of peptide product and sufficient affinity to interfere with the targeted protein–protein interaction? Perhaps surprisingly, the lengths of the peptides involved in peptidyl transfer chemistry have little effect on the achievable rate enhancements. However, the nature of the thioester C terminus, the distance between the targeted template annealing sites, and template affinity play important roles. The investigation revealed guidelines for the reaction design for peptidyl transfer with low amounts (1–10 nm) of RNA, yet still provide sufficient product to antagonize a protein–protein interaction.
Tertiary Amines as Ligands in a Four‐Step Tandem Reaction of Hydroformylation and Hydrogenation: An Alternative Route to Industrial Diol Monomers
Authors: Fuchs Sarah , Lichte Dominik , Dittmar Morten , Meier Gregor , Strutz Heinz , Behr Arno , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: January 2017

A highly selective synthesis of diols is presented by simple auto‐tandem catalysis to connect hydroformylation and hydrogenation reactions by a rhodium‐catalyst with tertiary amines as ligands. This system allows the hydroformylation/hydrogenation of non‐conjugated cyclic olefins to selectively provide diols under mild reaction conditions. As a model substrate, the industrially relevant dicyclopentadiene (dcpd) was chosen. With the reaction system [Rh(octanoate)2]2 and triethylamine, diols are produced in a high yields of up to 79 % with full conversion of intermediate aldehyde and no evidence of olefin hydrogenation. The scope of the reaction was evaluated and the optimised reaction conditions were successfully scaled up to a 2 L reactor. Finally, the Rh/amine catalyst complex was recycled by a simple water extraction of the diol‐product.
Detection of Microscale Mass‐Transport Regimes in Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Salamatin Arthur A.
Published: January 2017

The problem of detecting supercritical fluid extraction regimes on the particle‐scale level is discussed by using a generalized multiparameter model, which includes the shrinking‐core (SC) and broken‐and‐intact‐cells (BIC) approaches as its limiting cases. The model accounts for two internal mass‐transfer resistances attributed to cell membranes and transport channels. A wide spectrum of particle‐scale extraction regimes, described by the model, agree with available up‐to‐date relatively short laboratory experiments. Simplified concepts (like SC or BIC) could only be used for available experimental data correlation, and do not allow a reliable extension to long process times. The experimental methodology was suggested to detect limiting internal mass‐transfer mechanisms.
Improved and General Manganese‐Catalyzed N‐Methylation of Aromatic Amines Using Methanol
Authors: Neumann Jacob , Elangovan Saravanakumar , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2017

A novel lutidine‐based manganese PNP‐pincer complex has been synthesized for the selective N‐methylation of aromatic amines with methanol. Using borrowing hydrogen methodology, a selection of differently functionalized aniline derivatives is selectively methylated in good yields.
The Ethical and Social Dimensions of Chemistry: Reflections, Considerations, and Clarifications
Authors: Mehlich Jan , Moser Frank , Van Tiggelen Brigitte , Campanella Luigi , Hopf Henning
Published: January 2017

“Ethics in Chemistry” is a huge topic with various viewpoints and arguments on what it actually is and what compliance to ethical guidelines and participation in ethical discourse imply, covering principles of science and research ethics, profession ethics, and technology ethics. Overview and clarity are lost easily. The authors—members of the recently formed EuCheMS working party “Ethics in Chemistry”—present an attempt to collect and sort the ethically relevant aspects and challenges that chemists see themselves confronted with. Based on this list, strategies for ethical action are outlined. On the one hand, there are those issues that are a matter of compliance to existing guidelines and standards. On the other hand, there are those conflicts that arise at the intersection of science, technology and society and that need engaged chemists participating in the larger discourse for sustainability. This Editorial attempts to point out why this is important and what chemists can do in particular.

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Diversity‐Oriented Peptide Stapling: A Third Generation Copper‐Catalysed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Stapling and Functionalisation Strategy
Authors: Tran Phuong Thu , Larsen Christian Ørnbøl , Røndbjerg Tobias , De Foresta Martina , Kunze Micha B. A. , Marek Ales , Løper Jacob Hartvig , Boyhus Lotte‐Emilie , Knuhtsen Astrid , Lindorff‐Larsen Kresten , Pedersen Daniel Sejer
Published: January 2017

The introduction of macrocyclic constraints in peptides (peptide stapling) is an important tool within peptide medicinal chemistry for stabilising and pre‐organising peptides in a desired conformation. In recent years, the copper‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has emerged as a powerful method for peptide stapling. However, to date CuAAC stapling has not provided a simple method for obtaining peptides that are easily diversified further. In the present study, we report a new diversity‐oriented peptide stapling (DOPS) methodology based on CuAAC chemistry. Stapling of peptides incorporating two azide‐modified amino acids with 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene efficiently provides (i, i+7)‐ and (i, i+9)‐stapled peptides with a single free alkyne positioned on the staple, which can be further conjugated or dimerised. A unique feature of the present method is that it provides easy access to radiolabelled stapled peptides by catalytic tritiation of the alkyne positioned on the staple.
The Advantages of Cyclic Over Acyclic Carbenes To Access Isolable Capto‐Dative C‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Mahoney Janell K. , Jazzar Rodolphe , Royal Guy , Martin David , Bertrand Guy
Published: January 2017

A cyclic and an acyclic di(amino)carbene as well as a cyclic and an acyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cleanly react with benzoyl chloride to give the corresponding adducts 1+cyc, 1+acy, 2+cyc, and 2+acy, respectively. The reduction of 1+cyc and 2+cyc derived from cyclic carbenes affords the corresponding radicals 1cyc and 2cyc that are stable at room temperature. In contrast, radicals 1acy and 2acy, derived from acyclic carbenes, cannot be isolated. It is shown that 1acy is as thermodynamically stabilized as its cyclic counterpart 1cyc, but its instability is the result of β‐hydrogens of the nitrogen substituent, along with the enhanced flexibility around C−N bonds, which allow for a H.‐migration‐elimination process. Radical 2acy is thermodynamically unstable, and undergoes disproportionation into the corresponding iminium 2+acy and enolate 2−acy. This is due to the excessive steric hindrance, which prevents electron‐delocalization on the NCCO fragment, and thus, the capto‐dative stabilization. This work suggests general guidelines for the design of highly persistent (amino)(carboxy)radicals, especially by emphasizing the key advantage of cyclic patterns.
Impact of pre‐transplant depression on outcomes of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: El‐Jawahri Areej , Chen Yi‐Bin , Brazauskas Ruta , He Naya , Lee Stephanie J. , Knight Jennifer M. , Majhail Navneet , Buchbinder David , Schears Raquel M. , Wirk Baldeep M. , Wood William A. , Ahmed Ibrahim , Aljurf Mahmoud , Szer Jeff , Beattie Sara M. , Battiwalla Minoo , Dandoy Christopher , Diaz Miguel‐Angel , D'Souza Anita , Freytes Cesar O. , Gajewski James , Gergis Usama , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Jakubowski Ann , Kamble Rammurti T. , Kindwall‐Keller Tamila , Lazarus Hilard M. , Malone Adriana K. , Marks David I. , Meehan Kenneth , Savani Bipin N. , Olsson Richard F. , Rizzieri David , Steinberg Amir , Speckhart Dawn , Szwajcer David , Schoemans Helene , Seo Sachiko , Ustun Celalettin , Atsuta Yoshiko , Dalal Jignesh , Sales‐Bonfim Carmem , Khera Nandita , Hahn Theresa , Saber Wael
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the impact of depression before autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on clinical outcomes post‐transplantation.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research to compare outcomes after autologous (n = 3786) or allogeneic (n = 7433) HCT for adult patients with hematologic malignancies with an existing diagnosis of pre‐HCT depression requiring treatment versus those without pre‐HCT depression. Using Cox regression models, we compared overall survival (OS) between patients with or without depression. We compared the number of days alive and out of the hospital in the first 100 days post‐HCT using Poisson models. We also compared the incidence of grade 2‐4 acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic HCT.

RESULTS

The study included 1116 (15%) patients with pre‐transplant depression and 6317 (85%) without depression who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2008 and 2012. Pre‐transplant depression was associated with lower OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04‐1.23; P = 0.004) and a higher incidence of grade 2‐4 acute GVHD (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.37; P < 0.0001), but similar incidence of chronic GVHD. Pre‐transplant depression was associated with fewer days‐alive‐and‐out‐of‐the hospital (means ratio [MR] = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95‐0.99; P = 0.004). There were 512 (13.5%) patients with Pre‐transplant depression and 3274 (86.5%) without depression who underwent autologous HCT. Pre‐transplant depression in autologous HCT was not associated with OS (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.98‐1.34; P = 0.096) but was associated with fewer days alive and out of the hospital (MR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97‐0.99; P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

Pre‐transplant depression was associated with lower OS and higher risk of acute GVHD among allogeneic HCT recipients and fewer days alive and out of the hospital during the first 100 days after autologous and allogeneic HCT. Patients with pre‐transplant depression represent a population that is at risk for post‐transplant complications. Cancer 2017;123:1828–1838. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Self‐admission to inpatient treatment for patients with anorexia nervosa: The patient's perspective
Authors: Strand Mattias , Bulik Cynthia M. , von Hausswolff‐Juhlin Yvonne , Gustafsson Sanna A.
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present study was to explore patients’ experiences of participating in a self‐admission program at a specialist eating disorders clinic. Sixteen adult program participants with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were interviewed at 6 months about their experiences in the self‐admission program. A qualitative content analysis approach was applied to identify recurring themes. Four themes were identified: Agency and Flexibility, Functions, Barriers, and Applicability. Participants used self‐admission to boost healthy behaviors, to prevent deterioration, to forestall the need for longer periods of hospitalizations, and to get a break from overwhelming demands. Quick access to brief admissions provides a safety net that can increase feelings of security in everyday life, even for patients who do not actually make use of the opportunity to self‐admit. It also provided relief to participants' relatives. Furthermore, participants experienced that self‐admission may foster agency and motivation. However, the model also requires a certain level of maturity and an encouraging environment to overcome barriers that could otherwise hinder optimal use, such as ambivalence in asking for help. Informants experienced that self‐admission could allow them to gain greater insight into their disease process, take greater responsibility for their recovery, and transform their health care from crisis‐driven to proactive. By offering a shift in perspective on help‐seeking and participation, self‐admission may potentially strengthen participants’ internal responsibility for their treatment and promote partnership in treatment.
Body checking in non‐clinical women: Experimental evidence of a specific impact on fear of uncontrollable weight gain
Authors: Bailey Natalie , Waller Glenn
Published: January 2017

Body checking is used widely among clinical and non‐clinical individuals. It is suggested to be a safety behavior, reducing anxiety initially but potentially enhancing eating and shape concerns in the longer term. However, there is little causal evidence of those negative effects. This experimental study tests the potential negative impact of body checking. Fifty non‐clinical women took part in a study of the effects of body checking in naturalistic settings. Each checked their wrist size every 15 minutes for eight hours on one day, then did not check the next day (order randomized). The impact on eating cognitions and body dissatisfaction was measured at the end of each day, and levels of change in those characteristics were also associated with eating pathology levels. Body checking did not result in more negative general eating attitudes or body dissatisfaction, but did result in a significant increase in a specific cognition that is hypothesised to be relevant to eating pathology – the fear of uncontrollable weight gain following eating. This impact was greater among those women with more negative existing eating attitudes. These findings add to the small experimental evidence base, demonstrating negative causal links between body checking and eating pathology. The findings need to be extended to clinical groups, but support the use of existing cognitive‐behavioral methods to reduce body checking behavior.
Model‐based estimators of density and connectivity to inform conservation of spatially structured populations
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Fuller Angela K. , Royle J. Andrew , Sutherland Chris
Published: January 2017

Conservation and management of spatially structured populations is challenging because solutions must consider where individuals are located, but also differential individual space use as a result of landscape heterogeneity. A recent extension of spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models, the ecological distance model, uses spatial encounter histories of individuals (e.g., a record of where individuals are detected across space, often sequenced over multiple sampling occasions), to estimate the relationship between space use and characteristics of a landscape, allowing simultaneous estimation of both local densities of individuals across space and connectivity at the scale of individual movement. We developed two model‐based estimators derived from the SCR ecological distance model to quantify connectivity over a continuous surface: (1) potential connectivity—a metric of the connectivity of areas based on resistance to individual movement; and (2) density‐weighted connectivity (DWC)—potential connectivity weighted by estimated density. Estimates of potential connectivity and DWC can provide spatial representations of areas that are most important for the conservation of threatened species, or management of abundant populations (i.e., areas with high density and landscape connectivity), and thus generate predictions that have great potential to inform conservation and management actions. We used a simulation study with a stationary trap design across a range of landscape resistance scenarios to evaluate how well our model estimates resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC. Correlation between true and estimated potential connectivity was high, and there was positive correlation and high spatial accuracy between estimated DWC and true DWC. We applied our approach to data collected from a population of black bears in New York, and found that forested areas represented low levels of resistance for black bears. We demonstrate that formal inference about measures of landscape connectivity can be achieved from standard methods of studying animal populations which yield individual encounter history data such as camera trapping. Resulting biological parameters including resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC estimate the spatial distribution and connectivity of the population within a statistical framework, and we outline applications to many possible conservation and management problems.