bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of anticancer drug dispersal before and after introducing appropriate preparation procedures during anticancer drug preparation
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuki , Isama Kazuo , Kurosu Tomohiro , Natsume Yoshiaki , Seino Toshikazu , Nishimura Tetsuji , Yamashita Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Background

In Japan, engineering controls for preparing injectable anticancer drugs are inadequate and compliance with appropriate preparation procedures is vital. In this study, we evaluated the effects of adherence to appropriate anticancer drug formulation and packaging procedures on reducing anticancer drug dispersal in clinical practice, especially in Japan.

Methods

We quantitatively evaluated the effectiveness of implementing procedures that were experimentally verified to help reduce the amount of anticancer drug dispersed during preparation based on procedures described in the “Anticancer Drug Preparation Manual.” The target facilities were four regional hub hospitals in the Kanto area. Contamination of sheets and gloves with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine (GEM) in a safety cabinet during formulation was evaluated using wipe tests. Subsequently, the proper preparation procedure was shown on a video, training was provided, and the wipe tests were repeated.

Results

Forty-one and 39 pharmacists were engaged in drug preparation before and after intervention, respectively. 5-FU had the highest dispersal per prepared vial on the sheet before intervention. The dispersal amount per prepared vial decreased significantly (P = 0.01) after intervention. The amount of GEM dispersed before and after intervention did not differ significantly. However, the percentage of sheets below the detection limit after intervention was 62%, increasing from 46% before intervention. The amount dispersed on gloves was not significantly reduced by proper preparation technique. Although not explicitly noticeable and quantifiable, pharmacists must consider that a significant amount of anticancer drug is dispersed on gloves despite following appropriate preparation procedures.

Conclusions

Quantitative amounts of anticancer drugs dispersed in the preparations of 5-FU and GEM were found in our study. The difference in the amount of contamination before and after intervention was significantly reduced only for the contamination of sheets with 5-FU. There was no decrease in the amount of glove contamination. There was also no difference between medical facilities. Despite following appropriate preparation procedures, dispersed amounts cannot be maintained below the detection limit, indicating the need for a combination of education and engineering controls.
Three-dimensionally printed biphasic calcium phosphate blocks with different pore diameters for regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects
Authors: Seo Young-Wook , Park Jin-Young , Lee Da-Na , Jin Xiang , Cha Jae-Kook , Paik Jeong-Won , Choi Seong-Ho
Published: June 2022

Background

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is the most frequently used synthetic bone substitutes, which comprises a combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP). Thanks to the recent advances in digital dentistry and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, synthetic block bone substitutes can be customized to fit individual defect morphologies. The diameter of the pores can influence the rate of bone formation and material resorption. The aim of this study was to compare three-dimensionally printed biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) block bone substitutes with different pore diameters (0.8-, 1.0-, and 1.2- mm) for use in the regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects.

Methods

Four circular defects were formed on the calvaria of ten rabbits. Each defect was randomly allocated to one of the following study groups: (i) control group, (ii) 0.8-mm group, (iii) 1.0-mm group, and (iv) 1.2-mm group. All specimens were postoperatively harvested at 2 and 8 weeks, and radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the samples.

Results

Histologically, the BCP blocks remained unresorbed up to 8 weeks, and new bone formation occurred within the porous structures of the blocks. After the short healing period of 2 weeks, histomorphometric analysis indicated that new bone formation was significantly greater in the BCP groups compared with the control (
p
 < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups with different pore diameters (
p
 > 0.05). At 8 weeks, only the 1.0-mm group (3.42 ± 0.48 mm
2
, mean ± standard deviation) presented a significantly larger area of new bone compared with the control (2.26 ± 0.59 mm
2
) (
p
 < 0.05). Among the BCP groups, the 1.0- and 1.2-mm groups exhibited significantly larger areas of new bone compared with the 0.8-mm group (3.42 ± 0.48 and 3.04 ± 0.66 vs 1.60 ± 0.70 mm
2
, respectively).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the BCP block bone substitutes can be applied to bone defects for successful bone regeneration. Future studies should investigate more-challenging defect configurations prior to considering clinical applications.
Association between ethnicity and hypertension in Northern Colombia in 2015
Authors: Smith Drew H. , Grewal Jaskaran , Mehboob Saba , Mohan Shiva , Pombo Luisa F. , Rodriguez Pura , Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Zevallos Juan , Barengo Noël C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Studies in the United States have shown a genetic predisposition to hypertension in individuals of African descent. However, studies on the associations between ethnic groups and hypertension in Latin America are lacking and the limited results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study is to determine whether Afro-Colombian ethnicity increases the risk of hypertension.

Methods

This study is a secondary data analysis of a cross sectional study from five provinces in Northern Colombia. Randomly selected individuals (N = 2613; age-range 18–74 years) enrolled in a health care insurance company underwent physical examinations and completed questionnaires regarding ethnicity, lifestyle, and other risk factors. Hypertension in these patients was determined. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were calculated to determine the association between ethnicity and hypertension.

Results

No association between Afro-Colombian ethnicity and hypertension was found (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–1.09). As expected, people with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher were at a greater risk of having hypertension (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.35–4.16) compared with those with a normal BMI.

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest no independent association between Afro-Colombian ethnicity and hypertension. Further research should focus on genotyping or socioeconomic factors such as income level.
A new algorithm for optimal process parameters based on minimum building time in additive manufacturing
Authors: Hamoud M. , Sobhi Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Background

Additive manufacturing method is used for manufacturing of solid three-dimensional parts. It requires less human efforts and manufacturing time for parts is less. Different process parameters such as layer thickness, building orientation, infill type, and infill percentage affect the building time, model cost, mechanical properties, and surface roughness. The presented paper develops an algorithm for adapting layers and generating tool-paths. This algorithm can improve the fabrication efficiency and geometrical accuracy in the additive manufacturing (AM) of complex models. The proposed algorithm consists of three modules that identify the optimal process parameters, named as part building orientation, layer thickness, strategy type for internal filling, and slope of the tool-path.

Results

The input is the PTS file that contains the points of the layers contour of the computer-aided design (CAD) model. All the modules for the proposed algorithm were implemented using the MATLAB R2019a programming language software. The main finding results showed that the fabrication with an adaptive layer thickness was more time-efficient. The build time was reduced up to 47.3%. The developed tool-path generation strategies (contour offset and zigzag line tool-path) can effectively balance the AM surface quality and fabrication efficiency requirements.

Conclusion

In this research, the AM users can benefit by saving the cost and time. The parts were fabricated with a high degree of accuracy, and the surface finish was suitable for determining the optimal process parameter.
Radiative MHD flow of Rivlin–Ericksen nanofluid of grade three through porous medium with uniform heat source
Authors: Soliman Hussein Abd Allah
Published: June 2022

Background

The paper investigates the analytical and numerical solution of the radiation effect on MHD flow of Rivlin–Ericksen nanofluid of grade three through a porous medium with a uniform heat source between two vertical flat plates. The governing equations are solved analytically using multi-step differential transform method (MDTM) and numerically using finite difference method (FDM) and shooting method by designing MATLAB and Mathematica algorithms. The study discovered that the MDTM, FDM, and shooting methods are effective for solving nonlinear differential equations like this one.

Results

Graphs and tables show the influence of different parameters on velocity and temperature. Figures and tables show the comparisons between current outcomes and previous results that are accessible.

Conclusions

The present results showed that the analytical and numerical solutions agree well with previously published outcomes.
Care pathways for people with major depressive disorder: A European Brain Council Value of Treatment study
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , McCrone Paul , Ulrichsen Andrea , Zahn Roland , Eberhard Jonas , Wasserman Danuta , Brambilla Paolo , Schiena Giandomenico , Hegerl Ulrich , Balazs Judit , Caldas de Almeida Jose , Antunes Ana , Baltzis Spyridon , Carli Vladmir , Quoidbach Vinciane , Boyer Patrice , Young Allan H.
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite well-established guidelines for managing major depressive disorder, its extensive disability burden persists. This Value of Treatment mission from the European Brain Council aimed to elucidate the nature and extent of “gaps” between best-practice and current-practice care, specifically to:

1.

Identify current treatment gaps along the care pathway and determine the extent of these gaps in comparison with the stepped-care model and

2.

Recommend policies intending to better meet patient needs (i.e., minimize treatment gaps).

Methods

After agreement upon a set of relevant treatment gaps, data pertaining to each gap were gathered and synthesized from several sources across six European countries. Subsequently, a modified Delphi approach was undertaken to attain consensus among an expert panel on proposed recommendations for minimizing treatment gaps.

Results

Four recommendations were made to increase the depression diagnosis rate (from ~50% episodes), aiming to both increase the number of patients seeking help, and the likelihood of a practitioner to correctly detect depression. These should reduce time to treatment (from ~1 to ~8 years after illness onset) and increase rates of treatment; nine further recommendations aimed to increase rates of treatment (from ~25 to ~50% of patients currently treated), mainly focused on targeting the best treatment to each patient. To improve follow-up after treatment initiation (from ~30 to ~65% followed up within 3 months), seven recommendations focused on increasing continuity of care. For those not responding, 10 recommendations focused on ensuring access to more specialist care (currently at rates of ~5–25% of patients).

Conclusions

The treatment gaps in depression care are substantial and concerning, from the proportion of people not entering care pathways to those stagnating in primary care with impairing and persistent illness. A wide range of recommendations can be made to enhance care throughout the pathway.
The Multicenter Cancer of Pancreas Screening Study: Impact on Stage and Survival
Authors: Dbouk Mohamad , Katona Bryson W. , Brand Randall E. , Chak Amitabh , Syngal Sapna , Farrell James J. , Kastrinos Fay , Stoffel Elena M. , Blackford Amanda L. , Rustgi Anil K. , Dudley Beth , Lee Linda S. , Chhoda Ankit , Kwon Richard , Ginsberg Gregory G. , Klein Alison P. , Kamel Ihab , Hruban Ralph H. , He Jin , Shin Eun Ji , Lennon Anne Marie , Canto Marcia Irene , Goggins Michael
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

To report pancreas surveillance outcomes of high-risk individuals within the multicenter Cancer of Pancreas Screening-5 (CAPS5) study and to update outcomes of patients enrolled in prior CAPS studies.

METHODS

Individuals recommended for pancreas surveillance were prospectively enrolled into one of eight CAPS5 study centers between 2014 and 2021. The primary end point was the stage distribution of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) detected (stage I v higher-stage). Overall survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS

Of 1,461 high-risk individuals enrolled into CAPS5, 48.5% had a pathogenic variant in a PDAC-susceptibility gene. Ten patients were diagnosed with PDAC, one of whom was diagnosed with metastatic PDAC 4 years after dropping out of surveillance. Of the remaining nine, seven (77.8%) had a stage I PDAC (by surgical pathology) detected during surveillance; one had stage II, and one had stage III disease. Seven of these nine patients with PDAC were alive after a median follow-up of 2.6 years. Eight additional patients underwent surgical resection for worrisome lesions; three had high-grade and five had low-grade dysplasia in their resected specimens. In the entire CAPS cohort (CAPS1-5 studies, 1,731 patients), 26 PDAC cases have been diagnosed, 19 within surveillance, 57.9% of whom had stage I and 5.2% had stage IV disease. By contrast, six of the seven PDACs (85.7%) detected outside surveillance were stage IV. Five-year survival to date of the patients with a screen-detected PDAC is 73.3%, and median overall survival is 9.8 years, compared with 1.5 years for patients diagnosed with PDAC outside surveillance (hazard ratio [95% CI]; 0.13 [0.03 to 0.50], P = .003).

CONCLUSION

Most pancreatic cancers diagnosed within the CAPS high-risk cohort in the recent years have had stage I disease with long-term survival.
The Causal Effect of Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering on Vascular Outcomes in Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hou Tianzhichao , Li Mian , Lin Hong , Zhao Zhiyun , Lu Jieli , Wang Tiange , Xu Yu , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Ning Guang , Xu Min
Published: June 2022

Context

The effect of lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients is controversial.

Objective

We used 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) to study the causal effect of decreasing SBP on the risk of macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in diabetic patients.

Methods

We used 362 SBP-related genetic variants from a large genome-wide association study (n = 299 024) and UK Biobank (n = 375 256) as exposure. We evaluated 5 macrovascular and microvascular complications up to 60 742 cases as outcomes in diabetes, including coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), nephropathy, retinopathy, and composite complications. All cases were diagnosed together with diabetes. We performed follow-up analyses by conducting 7 sensitivity analyses and comparing the present MR with results in general population, and clinical trials.

Results

Genetic predisposition of each 10-mm Hg SBP decrease was significantly associated with a 28% decreased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89; P = .002), a 34% decreased risk of nephropathy (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.81; P < .001), and a 34% decreased risk of the composite complications (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58-0.76; P < .001), and was nominally associated with a decreased risk of PAD (OR: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) and retinopathy (OR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). The MR results in diabetes were similar with that in the general population and clinical trials.

Conclusion

SBP lowering was causally associated with an attenuated risk of diabetic CAD and nephropathy. It provides genetic evidence for the beneficial effect of lifelong SBP control in preventing diabetes-related vascular outcomes.
Role of Constitutive STAR in Mitochondrial Structure and Function in MA-10 Leydig Cells
Authors: Galano Melanie , Papadopoulos Vassilios
Published: June 2022

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR; STARD1) is critical for the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria for hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic cells express STAR under control conditions (constitutive STAR). On hormonal stimulation, STAR localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it facilitates cholesterol transport and where it is processed to its mature form. Here, we show that knockout of Star in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells (STARKO1) causes defects in mitochondrial structure and function under basal conditions. We also show that overexpression of Star in STARKO1 cells exacerbates, rather than recovers, mitochondrial structure and function, which further disrupts the processing of STAR at the OMM. Our findings suggest that constitutive STAR is necessary for proper mitochondrial structure and function and that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defective STAR processing at the OMM.
Seven Aspects in Search of a Narrative: A Review of The West: A New History by Anthony Grafton and David Bell
Authors: Kimmage Michael
Published: June 2022

Michael Kimmage reviews a textbook recently published by Anthony Grafton and David Bell, The West: A New History, identifying this book as a splendidly researched and written contribution both to the history of Europe and to ongoing debates about the scope, meaning, and historiographical salience of the West. This review isolates seven features of Western history from The West's narrative and analysis: a style of learning pioneered in ancient Greece; the importance of cities; an alternating series of political forms, including monarchy, democracy, republic, and empire; a tendency toward violence; an emphasis on constitutions; an attraction to trade, commerce, and technological innovation; and a long attachment to the institution of slavery. This review concludes by exploring the relationship between the “core” and the “periphery” of the West, which is to say the place of Turkey, Russia, and the United States, within the narrative that Grafton and Bell so skillfully develop in The West.
Tolerance from Below: Unsettling the Sovereign Subject
Authors: Simpson David
Published: June 2022

This essay takes issue with the common assumption, ably represented by Herbert Marcuse and Wendy Brown, that tolerance belongs only to the powerful and is deployed to prevent access to political redress on the part of vulnerable groups or persons. But tolerance can also be understood as an unstable concept that does not finally support a sustainable sovereignty among those claiming a position to extend it. Engaging with the work of Wendy Brown, Rainer Forst, and others, a case is made for adding an “endurance conception” of tolerance that restores the early sense of the term as specifying a capacity to bear degrees of pain and suffering. Examples from William Wordsworth and Adam Smith, and from contemporary South Africa and the United States, suggest that such an expanded conception can lead us to imagine political agency as thinkable for persons more usually described as passive and subordinate.
Pragmatic Prediction of Excessive Length of Stay After Cervical Spine Surgery With Machine Learning and Validation on a National Scale
Authors: Valliani Aly A. , Feng Rui , Martini Michael L. , Neifert Sean N. , Kim Nora C. , Gal Jonathan S. , Oermann Eric K. , Caridi John M.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

Extended postoperative hospital stays are associated with numerous clinical risks and increased economic cost. Accurate preoperative prediction of extended length of stay (LOS) can facilitate targeted interventions to mitigate clinical harm and resource utilization.

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a machine learning algorithm aimed at predicting extended LOS after cervical spine surgery on a national level and elucidate drivers of prediction.

METHODS:

Electronic medical records from a large, urban academic medical center were retrospectively examined to identify patients who underwent cervical spine fusion surgeries between 2008 and 2019 for machine learning algorithm development and in-sample validation. The National Inpatient Sample database was queried to identify cervical spine fusion surgeries between 2009 and 2017 for out-of-sample validation of algorithm performance. Gradient-boosted trees predicted LOS and efficacy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Shapley values were calculated to characterize preoperative risk factors for extended LOS and explain algorithm predictions.

RESULTS:

Gradient-boosted trees accurately predicted extended LOS across cohorts, achieving an AUROC of 0.87 (SD = 0.01) on the single-center validation set and an AUROC of 0.84 (SD = 0.00) on the nationwide National Inpatient Sample data set. Anterior approach only, elective admission status, age, and total number of Elixhauser comorbidities were important predictors that affected the likelihood of prolonged LOS.

CONCLUSION:

Machine learning algorithms accurately predict extended LOS across single-center and national patient cohorts and characterize key preoperative drivers of increased LOS after cervical spine surgery.
Cerebral Bypass Using the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery: A Case Series
Authors: Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Ravina Kristine , Rennert Robert C. , Landau Mark , Strickland Ben A. , Chun Alice , Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Abedi Aidin , Carey Joseph N. , Russin Jonathan J.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

When performing extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) and intracranial to intracranial (IC-IC) bypass, the choice of donor vessel and interposition graft depends on several factors: vessel size and accessibility, desired blood flow augmentation, revascularization site anatomy, and pathology. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DLCFA) is an attractive conduit for cerebrovascular bypass.

OBJECTIVE:

To present our institutional experience using DLCFA grafts for cerebral revascularization.

METHODS:

Retrospective review of perioperative data and outcomes for patients undergoing cerebrovascular bypass surgery using a DLCFA graft from 2016 to 2019.

RESULTS:

Twenty consecutive patients underwent EC-IC bypass using a DLCFA interposition graft. Bypass indications included 13 (65%) intracranial aneurysms, 4 (20%) medically refractory atherosclerotic large artery occlusions (internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery), 2 (10%) internal carotid artery dissections, and 1 (5%) patient with moyamoya disease. Most commonly, a donor superior temporal artery was bypassed to a recipient middle cerebral artery (14 of 20; 70%). Two cases demonstrated graft spasm. Graft occlusion occurred in one patient and was asymptomatic. Perioperative bypass surgery–related ischemia occurred in 3 patients: 1 patient with insufficient bypass flow, 1 patient with graft stenosis because of an adventitial band, and 1 patient with focal status epilepticus in the bypassed territory resulting in cortical ischemia. One donor site hematoma occurred. The median (range) modified Rankin scale (mRS) score on follow-up was 1.5 (1–4) at 7.8 (1–27) months, with most patients achieving good functional outcomes (mRS ≤2).

CONCLUSION:

The DLCFA is a versatile graft for cerebral revascularization surgery, demonstrating good outcomes with minimal graft harvest site morbidity and an acceptable graft patency rate.
Resection of Insular Glioma Through the Transfrontal Limiting Sulcus Approach
Authors: Sun Guo-chen , Zhao Kai , Shu Xu-jun , Liu Ruo-yu , Dong Ma-xiao , Chen Xiao-lei , Xu Bai-nan
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

The current transsylvian or transopercular approaches make access difficult because of the limited exposure of insular tumors. Hence, maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas is challenging. In this article, a new approach to resect insular gliomas is presented.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether the new transfrontal limiting sulcus approach is helpful for maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas.

METHODS:

The authors reported surgical techniques for insular gliomas resected through the transfrontal limiting sulcus approach. The authors evaluated the surgical resections of 69 insular gliomas performed through the new approach in their department. The extents of resection and postoperative neurological outcomes were analyzed to determine the value of this new approach.

RESULTS:

Based on the Berger–Sanai classification, most insular gliomas were giant tumors (59.42%), followed by zone I + IV tumors (24.64%). The median (interquartile range) extent of resection of all patients was 100% (91%, 100%). The total resection rate for all gliomas was (55 of 69, 79.7%), and the total resection rate for low-grade gliomas was (28 of 40, 70%), which was significantly lower than that for high-grade gliomas (27 of 29, 93.1%) (P = .019). All patients had muscle strength greater than grade 4 3 months after surgery. Only 1 patient had a speech disorder 3 months after surgery. The median Karnofsky Performance Status score at the time of the 3-month follow-up was 90.

CONCLUSION:

The transfrontal limiting sulcus approach can help to achieve maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas.
NMR spectroscopy, excited states and relevance to problems in cell biology – transient pre-nucleation tetramerization of huntingtin and insights into Huntington's disease
Authors: Clore G. Marius
Published: June 2022

Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for analyzing three-dimensional structure and dynamics of macromolecules at atomic resolution. Recent advances have exploited the unique properties of NMR in exchanging systems to detect, characterize and visualize excited sparsely populated states of biological macromolecules and their complexes, which are only transient. These states are invisible to conventional biophysical techniques, and play a key role in many processes, including molecular recognition, protein folding, enzyme catalysis, assembly and fibril formation. All the NMR techniques make use of exchange between sparsely populated NMR-invisible and highly populated NMR-visible states to transfer a magnetization property from the invisible state to the visible one where it can be easily detected and quantified. There are three classes of NMR experiments that rely on differences in distance, chemical shift or transverse relaxation (molecular mass) between the NMR-visible and -invisible species. Here, I illustrate the application of these methods to unravel the complex mechanism of sub-millisecond pre-nucleation oligomerization of the N-terminal region of huntingtin, encoded by exon-1 of the huntingtin gene, where CAG expansion leads to Huntington's disease, a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative condition. I also discuss how inhibition of tetramerization blocks the much slower (by many orders of magnitude) process of fibril formation.
Patient-derived organoids identify an apico-basolateral polarity switch associated with survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Canet-Jourdan Charlotte , Pagès Diane-Laure , Nguyen-Vigouroux Clémence , Cartry Jérôme , Zajac Olivier , Desterke Christophe , Lopez Jean-Baptiste , Gutierrez-Mateyron Emie , Signolle Nicolas , Adam Julien , Raingeaud Joel , Polrot Mélanie , Gonin Patrick , Mathieu Jacques R. R. , Souquere Sylvie , Pierron Gerard , Gelli Maximiliano , Dartigues Peggy , Ducreux Michel , Barresi Valeria , Jaulin Fanny
Published: June 2022

The metastatic progression of cancer remains a major issue in patient treatment. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we use primary explants and organoids from patients harboring mucinous colorectal carcinoma (MUC CRC), a poor-prognosis histological form of digestive cancer, to study the architecture, invasive behavior and chemoresistance of tumor cell intermediates. We report that these tumors maintain a robust apico-basolateral polarity as they spread in the peritumoral stroma or organotypic collagen-I gels. We identified two distinct topologies – MUC CRCs either display a conventional ‘apical-in’ polarity or, more frequently, harbor an inverted ‘apical-out’ topology. Transcriptomic analyses combined with interference experiments on organoids showed that TGFβ and focal adhesion signaling pathways are the main drivers of polarity orientation. Finally, we show that the apical-out topology is associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments in organoids and decreased patient survival in the clinic. Thus, studies on patient-derived organoids have the potential to bridge histological, cellular and molecular analyses to decrypt onco-morphogenic programs and stratify cancer patients.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The role of environmental calcium in the extreme acid tolerance of northern banjo frog (Limnodynastes terraereginae) larvae
Authors: Hird Coen , Franklin Craig E. , Cramp Rebecca L.
Published: June 2022

Many aquatically respiring animals acutely exposed to low pH waters suffer inhibition of ion uptake and loss of branchial (gill) epithelial integrity, culminating in a fatal loss of body Na+. Environmental calcium levels ([Ca2+]e) are pivotal in maintaining branchial junction integrity, with supplemental Ca2+ reversing the negative effects of low pH in some animals. Tolerance of some naturally acidic environments by aquatic animals is further complicated by low [Ca2+]e, yet many of these environments are surprisingly biodiverse. How animals overcome the damaging actions of low pH and low environmental Ca2+ remains unknown. We examined the effects of [Ca2+]e on the response to low pH in larvae of the highly acid-tolerant frog Limnodynastes terraereginae. Acute exposure to low pH water in the presence of low (5 μmol l−1) [Ca2+]e increased net Na+ efflux. Provision of additional [Ca2+]e reduced net Na+ efflux, but the effect was saturable. Acclimation to both low and high (250 μmol l−1) [Ca2+]e improved the resistance of larvae to Na+ efflux at low pH. Exposure to the Ca2+ channel inhibitor ruthenium red resulted in an abrupt loss of tolerance in low pH-acclimated larvae. Acclimation to acidic water increased branchial gene expression of the intracellular Ca2+ transport protein calbindin, consistent with a role for increased transcellular Ca2+ trafficking in the tolerance of acidic water. This study supports a role for [Ca2+]e in promoting branchial integrity and highlights a potential mechanism via the maintenance of transcellular Ca2+ uptake in the acid tolerance of L. terraereginae larvae.
The Role of Workload Management in Injury Prevention, Athletic, and Academic Performance in the Student-Athlete
Authors: Miranda-Comas Gerardo , Zaman Nadia , Ramin Jonathan , Gluck Ariana
Published: June 2022

Workload plays important roles in sports-related injury and athletic performance by influencing exposure to external injury risk factors and potential events, promoting changes in fitness level, which involves positive adaptations to training that may lead to improved performance, and/or stimulating fatigue which leads to negative effects in the body that may increase the risk of injury and negatively affect performance. In addition to the physical stress and significant time required for practice and training, student athletes also face subjective stressors. The total workload affects injury risk, but acute changes or spikes in external and/or internal loads seem to affect injury risk the most. These also may lead to poor recovery practices that may affect physical and academic performance. It is important for the medical team, coaches, parents, and the student athlete to understand the vulnerability of this population to increased amounts of workload and its positive and negative effects.
The capsular head of the proximal rectus femoris muscle: a review of the imaging anatomy of proximal muscle injury in professional athletes – early experience
Authors: Armstrong Thomas , Pass Bill , O'Connor Philip
Published: June 2022

The detailed anatomy of the rectus femoris and corresponding injury appearances were first described in 1995. Since then, there has been little published to change our understanding of this complex anatomical area. More recent anatomical dissection work in 2004 and 2006 alluded to the presence of an altered configuration of the proximal tendon anatomy. Whilst widely accepted that the proximal rectus femoris muscle has two distinct tendon slips, the authors in 2006 described a third separate tendon slip arising from the anterior femoral capsule and this has been widely termed the ‘capsular head’. We provide evidence that imaging features corroborate this revised anatomical concept. Whilst the clinical relevance of these findings is yet to be established, it remains important that our understanding of the radiological anatomy in this area advances with the forward growth of imaging clarity. In this review, we revisit anatomical concepts and present atypical injury cases that may be explained by the presence of a separate capsular head.
Demografischen Wandel neu entdecken
Authors: Sulak Harun , Spieß C. Katharina , Stawarz Nico , Loichinger Elke , Klüsener Sebastian , Weinmann Martin
Published: June 2022

Die Publikation beschäftigt sich mit ausgewählten Aspekten des demografischen Wandels. Am Beispiel von 13 Bevölkerungspyramiden, die nach unterschiedlichen Themengebieten wie Bildung, Erwerbstarbeit, Haushaltsform etc. aufgeschlüsselt sind, werden wesentliche demografische und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen der letzten drei Jahrzehnte dargestellt.
Electronic forms of entertainment in the context of physical activity and addiction risk – a knowledge review
Authors: Grajek Mateusz , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Sobczyk Karolina , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

A new way of spending leisure time browsing the Internet, using social networking sites, and playing games has created a new health problem: cell phone addiction. So-called phonoholism or netholism is most thriving among young people, who prioritize entertainment in the real world, which most often necessitates physical activity, over entertainment in the virtual world, which requires a more static approach. However, some companies have gone against the traditional use of phone games by creating multimedia city games that require a dynamic-movement approach.

The aim of this review is to gather current theoretical knowledge about electronic forms of entertainment in the context of their influence on users' physical activity, creation of health potential and formation of risk of addiction to such forms of entertainment.
Authentic nursing leadership
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: June 2022

Penny Harrison describes various styles of leadership within GI nursing and highlights that various skills are suitable for different areas and patient groups
Latest clinical news
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2022

Prostate cancer and smoking, coffee and cholesterol: the latest research rounded up. By Mark Greener
Bio-Inspired PSO for Improving Neural Based Diabetes Prediction System
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zubair , Mangayarkarasi R. , Vanmathi C. , Angulakshmi M.
Published: June 2022

A high level of glucose in the blood over a long period creates diabetes disease. Undiagnosed diabetes may trigger other complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, renal failure, and so on. There are many factors age, blood pressure, food habits, lifestyle changes are some of the reasons for diabetes. With increasing cases of diabetes in the smart Internet world, there is a need for an automated prediction system to facilitate the patients, to get know, whether they are affected by the disease or not. There are many diabetes prediction software that is already in use, still, the accurateness of a diabetes prediction is not complete. This paper presents a robust framework (PSO-NNDP), employs a novel hybrid feature selector to improvise the neural-based diabetes prediction system. The novel hybrid feature selector presented in this paper comprises the merits of the correlation coefficient, F-score, and particle swarm optimization methods to influence the feature selection process. The reliability of the proposed framework has been experimented on the benchmarking dataset. By establishing the clear steps, for the replacement of missing values, removal of outliers, the proposed framework obtains 99.5% accuracy. Moreover, the experimented machine learning models also show a great improvement upon the usage of the proposed feature selector.
Diversity of bird species in Pangheotan grassland and Mount Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , RAKHA RAKHA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Withaningsih S, Parikesit, Rakha. 2022. Diversity of bird species in Pangheotan grassland and Mount Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2790-2798. The diversity of bird species is often used as an indicator of the ecosystem balance of an area. One of the efforts to preserve and protect the diversity of bird species is made by fostering habitat in the Pangheotan I Grassland (Kebun Rumput Pangheotan, hereinafter Pangheotan grassland) of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VIII, West Bandung District, Indonesia and the Wali Pohon Block of Mount Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park (Taman Buru Gunung Masigit Kareumbi herein after TBGMK), Bandung District, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the diversity of bird species in the two areas so that it can be used as basic data in making planning strategies for maintaining and increasing biodiversity. Bird data collection techniques using the point count method and analysis of bird species diversity data were carried out using a quantitative data analysis approach. In the second year of habitat development, 27 species of birds were found in Pangheotan grassland, with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of 2,479 (medium diversity), an evenness index of 0.814 (even abundance), and Pycnonotus aurigaster was the species of bird that had the highest relative frequency and relative abundance. Meanwhile, in the second year of habitat development in TBGMK, 45 species of birds were found with H' of 3,237 (high diversity), and E of 0.926 (even abundance), and srigunting kelabu (Dicrurus leucophaeus) was the species of bird that had the highest relative frequency and relative abundance. The results of the study show the success of the habitat development carried out in these two locations through the biodiversity by design program.
Profiling the natural settlement habitat of spiny lobster, Panulirus spp. to determine potential diets and rearing conditions in a lobster hatchery
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Harlyan Ledhyana Ika , Khamad Khamsiah , Diantari Rara
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Amin M, Harlyan LI, Achmad K, Diantari R. 2022. Profiling the natural settlement habitat of spiny lobster, Panulirus spp. to determine potential diets and rearing conditions in a lobster hatchery. Biodiversitas 23: 2893-2898. The high demand for spiny lobster seeds has triggered research on seed production in a hatchery system. However, the remaining challenges are still in determining suitable live diets and environmental conditions at the early life stages. Thus, the present study investigated the natural settlement habitat of lobster larvae as basic information for developing diets and rearing conditions in an indoor system. One of the most common natural settlement habitats for lobster larvae in Indonesia, indicated by the high catching rates, Gerupuk Bay located in West-Nusa Tenggara, was selected as a studied area. Physicochemical and biological parameters were investigated to obtain the habitat profiles. The results showed that Gerupuk Bay was 18-30 m water depth, 5-6 m transparency, a sandy, and rocky bottom, 27-31oC temperature, 0.1-0.2 m.s-1 current, 5-6 mg/L dissolved oxygen, <0.01 mg/L nitrate, 0.4-0.6 mg/m3 chlorophyll concentration, and salinity of 30-34 practical salinity unit (psu). Furthermore, the present study found at least 16 zooplankton species and 25 phytoplankton species at 0-5 m water depth. The most dominant species on the surface were Echinocamptus hiemalis elongates (90 indi./L), Tortanus derjugini (20 ind./L) at 2.5 m and Oithona sp. with 46 ind./L at 5 m depth. While the most dominant phytoplankton was Oscillatoria sp. (9 ind./L) followed by Rhizosolenia sp. (4 ind./L) at 2.5 m depth, and Favella ehrenbergii (13 ind./L).
Ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular authentication of medicinal plants used by the Manobo and Mamanwa tribes of Surigao del Sur, Philippines
Authors: ILAGAN VINCE ADRIAN D. , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. , PARAGUISON DAVID JEFFERSON B. , PEROLINA SJHON MIGUEL W. , MENDOZA GABRIEL R. , BOLINA ANDREI B. , RATERTA RUBY , VALES MARIANITA B. , SUAREZ GIL JOSHUA D. , BLASCO FREDDIE A.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Ilagan VAD, Alejandro GJD, Paraguison DJB, Perolina SMW, Mendoza GR, Bolina AB, Raterta R, Vales MB, Suarez GJD, Blasco FA. 2022. Ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular authentication of medicinal plants used by the Manobo and Mamanwa tribes of Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 3185-3202. Mindanao Island is renowned for its rich biodiversity and various ethnolinguistic groups with diverse histories and cultures. The Mamanwa and Manobo live in close proximity, resulting in merging beliefs and cultural practices. This study aims to assess the various medicinal plants using ethnopharmacological indices, determine their relationship to their users, and molecularly confirm unidentifiable plants used by the tribes. Ethnomedicinal data were gathered from 127 key informants representing both tribes through semi-structured interviews. Family Importance Value (FIV) and Use Value (UV) were quantified and revealed a total of 48 species utilized by both tribes belonging to 26 families and 42 genera. These plants are used in 32 diseases within 10 categories, and the most utilized family belongs to Apocynaceae (FIV= 20% for both tribes). Respiratory illness has the greatest contribution to the utilization of medicinal plants (ICF= 0.92, 42%). The most utilized plant part is the leaves and mainly prepared by decoction and administered orally. Integrative molecular confirmation led to the identification of the 5 morphologically unidentifiable plants to be Elaeocarpus serratus Benth., Uncaria lanosa Wall., Aglaonema crispum (J.R. Pitcher & Manda) Nicolson, Canthium tetraphyllum Baill., and Timonous timon (Spreng.) Merr..
Fundamentals of using Geographical Information Systems in predicting the distribution of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: RUZMETOV RASUL , ABDULLAEV IKRAM , GANDJAEVA LOLA , MATYAKUBOV ZAFARBEK , RAZZAKOV KAKHRAMON , ISKANDAROV ABDULLA , OTAEV ODILBEK , IBRAGIMOV SHODLIK
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Ruzmetrov R, Abdullaev I, Gandjaeva L, Matyakubov Z, Iskandarov A, Otaev O, Ibragimov S. 2022. Fundamentals of using Geographical Information Systems in predicting the distribution of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas 23: 3251-3256. This study aims to explore new ways to identify agroecological conditions that help in the occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields. Geographical data on soil salinity, mechanical composition, groundwater level, salinity, density of canals and drains, field Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) coefficient of the field Helicoverpa armigera with the number of eggs regression was analyzed. The data were collected from the database of the GIS laboratory of the KRASS (Khorezm Rural Advisory Support Service) agro-consulting center, which was established with support from ZEF (The Center for Development Research) University of Bonn, Germany, and lancet satellite data in the calculation of NDVI. Data were analyzed with ArcGIS and R program. Occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields was found to be associated with high relative humidity and high stem length. Using the relative humidity of the air in the field and other agroecological factors, it was found that the probability of remote distribution of cotton bollworm is more than 50%.
The Work of Programme Managers in State-Funded Employer-Driven Swedish Higher VET
Authors: Köpsén Johanna
Published: June 2022

Context: Swedish Higher Vocational Education (HVE) is organised as state-funded programmes provisioned by both public and private education providers in close relation to employers. In HVE programme managers have responsibilities like those that often are vested in vocational teachers. They are responsible both for the day-to-day work of provision and the continuous development of the programme and its syllabi. This article presents a study investigating the work of programme managers, focusing on their work with creating and updating syllabi and on their work organising the students' training. Methods: Five programme managers responsible for five diverse HVE programmes have been interviewed and the syllabi of these programmes have been examined. The analysis is based on a Bernsteinian theoretical perspective focusing on recontextualisation of knowledge for pedagogic discourse by different stakeholders as agents who have different basis for their actions. The study first establishes what knowledge make up the programmes to inform the understanding of what training the programme managers are tasked with organising, then examines how the programme managers take part in selecting knowledge for course syllabi, and how they organise the teaching of these syllabi in in their programmes. Findings: The knowledge that has been recontextualised for pedagogic discourse in the studied programmes is most often vocationally specific or context bound in relation to a particular occupational field. The syllabi are related to clearly defined jobs. The findings highlight how practice thus in several ways may be difficult for programme managers without work experience in the relevant occupational field or knowledge in relation to it. Not only in the work of forming and updating curricula, but also as they must be able to navigate the relevant sector of business and industry to engage appropriate employers for collaborations and to hire teaching staff. Conclusion: The findings presented in this article show that local autonomy allows for major differences regarding knowledge in syllabi and the organisation of learning between programmes within the same nationally organised VET system. This is salient even with a small number of programmes having been studied. This strongly support the importance of examining what happens in autonomous local contexts of VET provision and asking who has influence over publicly funded education in this sort of contexts, and on what these stakeholders base their actions.