bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of hydrodynamic and structural-tectonic factors in the formation of hydrocarbon deposits in the Jurassic sediments of the Bukharo-Khiva region
Authors:   Institute of geology and exploration of oil and gas fields, Shoimuratov T.H. , Hajitov N.Sh. ,   Institute of geology and exploration of oil and gas fields, Kurbanyazov S.K. ,   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the study of reservoir fluids and the role of the hydrodynamic environment in the formation and preservation of hydrocarbon deposits within the Bukhara-Khiva oil and gas region. Aboveground water are the primary "transporter" scattered hydrocarbons, in certain geological hydrogeological conditions, they can contribute to their accumulation or destruction. In this regard, the study of the nature of the movement of fluids due to geological and tectonic processes is a necessary condition for assessing the prospects of oil and gas potential in the territories.
Aminocarboxylate corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in tap water
Authors:   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Amangeldieva E. , Khamidolla I. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Sagindikova S. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Akatyev N. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University
Published: September 2023

The article presents the investigation results of the anti-corrosion activity of two-component aminocarboxylate systems based on organic acids and amines in tap water relative to steel ST3SP2-GP2. 126 systems obtained from 9 organic acids and 14 amines at concentration of 1·10-3 mol-1 were tested. Investigation was performed with steel specimen weight loss assay. It has been found that such systems have a wide range of protective effectiveness. A number of dependencies of the protective effect on the type of compounds used to obtain anticorrosive compositions have been revealed. Both aromatic and aliphatic acids and amines were tested in this work. Among them, mono-, di-, and tribasic acids, as well as amines with one and two amino groups, including N, N-substituted ones, have been also studied. The concentration dependence of the rate of inhibitors has been studied. Corrosion protection using inhibitors is one of the most promising methods that have found application in world practice. Corrosion resistance caused by inhibitors is the result of physical and chemical adsorption of ions and molecules of organic substances on the surface of metals. Various types of organic compounds are widely used as corrosion inhibitors to protect materials. The most effective inhibitors used in industry are organic compounds, which mainly contain oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms and have numerous bonds in their molecules, due to which they are adsorbed on the surface of metals.
Thermodynamic and experimental simulation of the selting process of high-carbon ferrochrome with the use of high-ash coal «Saryadyr»
Authors:   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute, Shabanov Ye.Zh. , Kuatbay Ye.K. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Makhambetov Ye.N. ,   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute, Toleukadyr R.Т. ,   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of scientific research, which are the basis for the development of technology for producing high-carbon ferrochrome using a qualitatively new reducing agent in the charge - high-ash coal from the Saryadyr deposit. To analyze the carbothermal reduction of chromium, the method of full thermodynamic modeling (TTM) of metallurgical processes was used, implemented in a computer system using the HSC Chemistry 6 software package, in the temperature range of 600-2800 K. The thermodynamic calculation showed that sharp technological deviations in the smelting of carbonaceous ferrochromium is not observed using high-ash coal, the process proceeds evenly, with complete reduction of chromium and iron. According to the content of silicon oxide and aluminum in coal ash, it was found that it can successfully replace quartzite in the charge mixture. On the basis of thermodynamic data, experimental studies of the technological process of smelting carbonaceous ferrochromium using high-ash coal Saryadyr in the Tamman high-temperature laboratory furnace were carried out. The Tammann Resistance Furnace is a research facility designed to simulate metallurgical processes at high temperatures. In laboratory studies, prototypes of carbon ferrochrome were obtained, which meets the requirements of the Fh800 brand.
Study of the hydrogeological, engineering-geological and hydrological regime of the Kaiyndy Lake basin for an emergency spillway from Kaiyndy Lake
Authors:   Satbayev University, Zapparov M.M. , Kasenov M.K. ,   Satbayev University, Auelkhan E.S. ,   Satbayev University, Alzhigitova M.M. ,   Satbayev University, Turapbai D.T. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

This article provides information on the stability of the natural dam of Lake Kaiyndy in the study area. Lake Kaiyndy is located in the middle part of the basin and is fed by melted snow and rainwater. The flow of water from the lake is carried out by the surface. The lake belongs to the high category of mudflow hazard. During the technogenic development of this territory, one should consider the negative impact of the additional load on the stability of the sides of the canyon and not expand the development of the territory towards the river. In the event of a lake outburst, the road bridge of the village of Zhalanash - the village of Saty, residential buildings and farmland of the village of Algabas and Zhanatalap of the Kegen district, the village of Shelek, the village of Masak, the village of Baiseit, the village of Malybay, with. Zhanasharua of the Enbekshikazakh district and the Bartogay reservoir of the Almaty region, road bridges, power lines. The total number of people in the risk zone is more than 2-3 thousand people. Also, the Kuldzhinsky Trakt highways, the Western China-Western Europe auto-ban, irrigation systems, the waterworks of the Kunaev BAC and other linear communications fall into the zone of influence. Lake Kaiyndy is a place of mass visits by tourists and vacationers. In summer, the number of people at risk can reach several hundred.
Experiencias docentes con prácticas de evaluación formativa en educación a distancia universitaria. ¿Qué significa hablar de evaluación formativa en la universidad?
Authors: Merula Mercedes , Thiery Marina
Published: September 2023

El artículo recupera la experiencia de las autoras como capacitadoras de docentes (hombres y mujeres) de nivel universitario. En una universidad nacional de Buenos Aires (Argentina), el centro de capacitación docente de esa institución ofrece distintos espacios de formación vinculados a la evaluación de los aprendizajes en el nivel superior. Allí se desarrolla la experiencia que funciona como punto de partida para reflexionar sobre los desafíos que presenta evaluar los aprendizajes en entornos virtuales.
La experiencia de capacitación docente se centra en seis trayectos de formación llevados a cabo durante los últimos tres años. Los formatos han sido de curso y taller, con distintos roles por parte de la comunidad docente cursante. Todos ellos en modalidad virtual. En ese marco, se proponen herramientas para considerar el uso de la evaluación formativa en un contexto de formación remota.
En primer lugar, se recuperan las aportaciones teóricas que sirven de base para analizar la experiencia que se relata. Posteriormente, se presentan algunas interpretaciones devenidas de los análisis vinculados con las experiencias de los docentes con la evaluación formativa. Seguidamente, se identifican los obstáculos que emergen con frecuencia al planificar la mejora de las prácticas de evaluación y, finalmente, se exponen líneas conclusivas. Entre ellas, se destacan la importancia del rol docente y las prácticas de evaluación entre pares y la autoevaluación. Las conclusiones tienen por objeto plantear nuevos interrogantes para profundizar sus reflexiones en futuros trabajos.
Components of citrus pulp waste (eureka lemon and clementine) and yellow maize commonly used as livestock feed by south African farmers
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan Monday , Hosu Yiseyon Sunday , Oyedeji Opeoluwa Oyehan , Miya Gugulethu Mathews , Kuria Simon Kamande , Oyedeji Adebola Omowunmi
Published: September 2023

Citrus is one of the most extensively grown fruits in several parts of the world. Therefore, its inustrial processing produces large amounts of pulp waste. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritive as well as mineral components of citrus pulp waste of Eureka lemon and Clementine from two Citrus farms while drawing potential comparisons with yellow maize for livestock feed. Proximate analyses were done using approved/standard analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), while the mineral constituents were analysed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Proximate evaluation revealed that Eureka lemon and Clementine pulp waste contained comparable amounts of fibre and lipid, and significantly higher protein contents than yellow maize. Meanwhile, minerals including Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe were significantly higher in the citrus lemon pulp waste than in yellow maize. The study therefore points out that the Citrus pulp waste have the potentials to be put to more relevant livestock nutritional use.
The effect of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Osmaniye ecological conditions, in Türkiye, in 2020-2021. It was designed according a complete randomized block with three replications. The NC-7 peanut variety was treated with eight different treatments of vermicompost plus a control. The treatments T1 through T4 included soil and leaves applications at different plant development stages, and treatments T5 through T8 were similar to the previous four but included only application to leaves. The number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, 100-pod and seed weight, shelling percentage, first quality pod ratio, first quality pod weight ratio, protein content, and pod yield were determined. The number of pods per plant varied between 23.3 (control) and 33.4 (T1). The lowest pod weight per plant was 37.7 g in control treatment, and the  highest  in  T1  (51.4 g).  Pod yield  was  between  3579 kg∙ha-1  (control)  and  4873 kg∙ha-1 in T1. The 100-pod weight was the lowest from the control treatment (208.4 g) and the highest from the T6 treatment (254.2 g); the weight of 100 seeds was minimum in the control treatment with 88.5 g and maximum in T5, with 102.3 g. The protein content varied between 24.11% (control) and 26.01% (T5). These results indicate that under the ecological conditions of Osmaniye province, there  is a significant effect of vermicompost on most productive and quality variables of peanut.
Bayesian Interim Analysis in Basket Trials
Authors: Huang Cheng , Chu Chenghao , Lu Yimeng , Yi Bingming , Chen Ming-Hui
Published: September 2023

Basket trials have captured much attention in oncology research in recent years, as advances in health technology have opened up the possibility of classification of patients at the genomic level. Bayesian methods are particularly prevalent in basket trials as the hierarchical structure is adapted to basket trials to allow for information borrowing. In this article, we extend the Bayesian methods to basket trials with treatment and control arms for continuous endpoints, which are often the cases in clinical trials for rare diseases. To account for the imbalance in the covariates which are potentially strong predictors but not stratified in a randomized trial, our models make adjustments for these covariates, and allow different coefficients across baskets. In addition, comparisons are drawn between two-stage design and one-stage design for the four Bayesian methods. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to examine the empirical performance of all models under consideration. A real data analysis is carried out to further demonstrate the usefulness of the Bayesian methods.
Condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería en un hospital de segundo nivel en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Balseiro-Almario Carmen Lasty , Suasto-Gómez Wendy Melina , Chaparro-Sanchéz María Adriana , Tapia-Juárez Yohyotzin Edgar , Aguilera-Padilla Nayelli , Hernández-Zavala Margarita
Published: September 2023

Introducción: La visibilización de las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería en México resulta necesaria para mejorar algunos aspectos.
Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería en un hospital de segundo nivel en la Ciudad de México.
Material y métodos: Estudio de carácter cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, prolectivo, descriptivo y diagnóstico. La variable medida fueron las condiciones laborales de enfermería. El universo fue de 530 profesionales de enfermería y la muestra de 200.
Resultados: En cuanto a las “condiciones intralaborales”, 56.50% del personal sí cuentan con los recursos e insumos necesarios para trabajar, y 57.50% afirman que el sueldo es relativamente bueno; sobre las “condiciones extralaborales”, 56% manifiestan tener una buena calidad de vida. Lo que más disgusta al personal es en un 27% el ambiente de trabajo, en un 18% las injusticias y en un 15% la falta de personal.
Discusión: 82% del personal de enfermería mostró desgate físico y mental en el trabajo, lo que es semejante al 80% de los profesionales de enfermería en Colombia que tienen una sobrecarga laboral que afecta su calidad de vida.
Conclusiones: Los profesionales de enfermería tienen condiciones laborales de buenas a excelentes. Sin embargo, es necesario atender la sobrecarga de trabajo y el agotamiento físico y mental con diversas estrategias, como contratar más personal para mejorar el cuidado de los pacientes.
Nivel de adaptación y ansiedad en adultos mayores durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en Tepetitlán, Hidalgo
Authors: López-Nolasco Benjamín , Huitrón-Narváez Raúl , García-Mendoza Diana Laura , Callejas-García Zazzil Alexa , Maya-Sánchez Ariana , Maldonado-Muñiz Gabriela
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Examinar la relación que existe entre el nivel de adaptación y la ansiedad durante el confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19 en adultos mayores residentes del municipio de Tepetitlan.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado de noviembre de 2021 a marzo de 2022 en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 170 adultos de 60 años y más. De acuerdo con lo señalado por la declaración de Helsinki y la ley general de salud en materia de investigación, se obtuvo la aprobación del comité de ética en investigación de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo así como el consentimiento informado, a partir de lo cual se aplicó una cedula de datos sociodemográficos. Para conocer el nivel de ansiedad de los participantes se empleó el inventario de ansiedad de Beck. Se utilizó el instrumento de adaptación de adulto mayor activo, que evalúa la adaptación en relación con los siguientes modos o dimensiones: fisiológico, función del rol, interdependencia y autoconcepto. Para estimar la relación entre las variables de interés se empleó la prueba de correlación de Spearman.
Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 70 años (± 7.6 años). Más de la mitad de los participantes fueron del sexo femenino (62.9%). Se observó una correlación alta y estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de adaptación y la ansiedad de los adultos mayores (rho=0.61; valor p=.000).
Conclusión: Los resultados indican que el nivel de adaptación de los adultos mayores durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 probablemente se relaciona con su nivel de ansiedad.
FATORES PREDISPONENTES DE LOMBALGIA NOS ENFERMEIROS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Silvestre Fábio Miguel Mendes , Entradas Carolina Alexandra Corte Negra
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A dor lombar é um problema de saúde muito comum, com uma prevalência muito elevada entre os enfermeiros, conduzindo a consequências negativas para a própria pessoa, para os doentes a quem são prestados cuidados, bem como conduz a perdas económicas, afetando indiretamente a sociedade e a economia de cada país. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar quais os fatores, diretamente relacionados com a prática profissional, que são predisponentes para o desenvolvimento de lombalgia nos enfermeiros. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura, com inclusão de artigos científicos publicados entre janeiro de 2013 até junho de 2023. Foram selecionados seis artigos, de acordo com a normativa PRISMA. Resultados: Os fatores que mais comumente são associados a dor lombar nos enfermeiros são o tempo prolongado que passam de pé, o trabalho por turnos, movimentos de inclinação e rotação do corpo, o esforço físico necessário para o posicionamento dos doentes, um rácio elevado de doentes por cada enfermeiro e o stress relacionado com o trabalho. Conclusão: Através desta revisão da literatura foi possível compreender que existe uma preocupante prevalência de lombalgia nos enfermeiros que acontece devido a uma carga de trabalho elevada, associada a muitas horas de trabalho seguidas, sendo imprescindível a adoção de medidas para a diminuição desta problemática.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE EPICARDIAL VIDEO-ASSISTED RADIO-FREQUENCY ISOLATION OF PULMONARY VEINS AND POSTERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT ATRIUM “BOX LESION” IN ISOLATED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION USING COBRA TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, A. S. Zhyhalkovich , R. R. Zhmailik ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, V. I. Sevrukevich ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To analyze long-term outcomes of minimally invasive epicardial video-assisted radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the pulmonary veins (PV) and the posterior wall of the left atrium “box lesion” using Cobra technology in patients with various forms of isolated atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and methods. From September 2011 to November 2021, 85 patients (70 male, 15 female) suffering from various forms of idiopathic AF underwent surgery on the basis of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Republic of Belarus. The patients were operated on using epicardial video-assisted RFA of the PV and posterior wall of the left atrium “box lesion” using Cobra Adhere (45 patients) and Cobra Fusion (40 patients) devices. Mean age 53.8±8.80 years (28–71). History of AF – the burden of fibrillation before the surgery was 58.6±32.50 months. 35.3% (30 patients) had previously undergone ineffective PV catheter ablation. Results. There were no lethal cases, as well as conversions to sternotomy, acute cerebrovascular accidents during the hospital period. The follow-up period was studied in 100.0% of patients, the average follow-up period was 7.1+2.1 years. To evaluate the results, Holter monitoring was used after 3, 6, 12 months. after surgery, then annually, the readings of event monitors and the results of pacemaker programming. Positive results included sinus rhythm (SR) without AF/Atrial paroxysms for more than 30 s, as well as atrial (AAI) or dual-chamber DDD(R) pacing. The effectiveness of RFA of the PV and the posterior wall of the left atrium “box lesion” using Cobra Adhere and Cobra Fusion devices, depending on the initial type of AF in the long-term period (3 years), was: 56.3% /70.6% for paroxysmal AF, 28.0% / 44.4% for persistent AF, 0%/0% for long-standing persistent AF. Conclusion. The Cobra technology proved to be the most effective in paroxysmal AF, less optimal results were obtained in persistent AF. In general, more consistent results were obtained with the Fusion technology. Efficacy also depended on the length of the follow-up, with the number of patients with sustained sinus rhythm decreasing over time and requiring additional catheter procedures in symptomatic patients.
INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, A. Dalgatova , D. Torshkhoeva ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, E. Abdulgalimova ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, M. Abdulgamidov ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, T. Aminov ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, A. Isaeva ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the relationship between depressive disorders and ischemia, as well as changes in the blood coagulation system in patients with depressive disorders. Significant defects in the physiological characteristics of platelets are revealed, including increased reactivity and increased production of platelet factor 4 and p-thromboglobulin. The features of increased vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and thrombus formation are also considered, which may be the basis for the progression of coronary artery disease and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients with depression. Aim. To reveal the impact of anxiety-depressive disorders on the development of cardiac muscle necrosis. Materials and methods. Experimental and clinical studies have been carried out on patients with necrosis of the heart muscle. Results. Patients with necrosis of the heart muscle and depression do not immediately seek medical help, unlike patients without depression. This may affect treatment options (e.g., thrombolysis) and the prognosis in such patients. Conclusion. Further research is needed to determine whether depression causes inflammation, inflammation causes depression, or if a third, as-yet-unknown pathological process causes both inflammation and depression.
An Improved BRDF Hotspot Model and its Use in VLIDORT to Study the Impact of Atmospheric Scattering on Hotspot Directional Signatures in the Atmosphere
Authors: Xiong Xiaozhen , Liu Xu , Spurr Robert , Zhao Ming , Yang Qiguang , Wu Wan , Lei Liqiao
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The term “hotspot” refers to the sharp increase of reflectance occurring when incident (solar) and reflected (viewing) directions coincide in the backscatter direction. The accurate simulation of hotspot directional signatures is important for many remote sensing applications. The RossThick-LiSparse-Reciprocal (RTLSR) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model is widely used in radiative transfer simulations, but it typically requires large values of numerical quadrature and Fourier expansion terms in order to represent the hotspot accurately. In this paper, we have developed an improved hotspot BRDF model that converges much faster, making it more practical for use in atmospheric radiative transfer simulations of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) hotspot signatures. Using the VLIDORT RT model, we found that reasonable TOA hotspot accuracy can be obtained with just 23 Fourier terms for clear atmospheres, and 63 Fourier terms for atmospheres with aerosol scattering. We carried out a number of hotspot signature simulations with VLIDORT to study to the impact of molecular and aerosol scattering on hotspot signatures. We confirmed that (1) atmospheric scattering tends to smooth out the hotspot signature at the TOA, but has no impact on hotspot width; and (2) the hotspot signature at the TOA in the near-infrared is larger than in the visible, and has an obvious increase with the solar zenith angle. As the hotspot amplitude at the TOA with aerosol scattering included is smaller than that with molecular scattering only, the amplitude of hotspot signature at the surface is likely underestimated in the previous analysis based on the POLDER measurements, where the atmospheric correction was based on a single-scatter Rayleigh-only calculation. We also draw attenuation to a scaling factor of 3π/4 which has been applied to the Ross-Thick kernel with hotspot correction.
Environmental and vegetation control on active layer and soil temperature in an Arctic tundra ecosystem in Alaska
Authors: Gonzalez Martinez Kevin J. , Zona Donatella , Biggs Trent , Bernabe Kristine , Sirivat Danielle , Tenorio Francia , Oechel Walter
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Permafrost soils contain approximately twice the amount of carbon than the atmosphere, which could be released as global warming continues. Increasing global temperatures have in fact the potential to result in increased permafrost degradation, and carbon loss into the atmosphere. To properly understand the potential release of the carbon stored in permafrost soils, it is critical to understand the environmental and vegetation control on the development of active layer, the upper soil layer that thaw during the growing season in the Arctic. Arctic tundra ecosystems are dominated by mosses, which compose approximately 40 % of the vegetation, and have a critical role in regulating the heat condition into the soil. Given their importance, the role that mosses play on permafrost degradation should be investigated in more details. This study measured soil temperature together with thaw depth, a range of environmental variables, and moss thickness, to identify the most important controls on the development of the active layer across 124 plots in continuous permafrost tundra ecosystems. We found that a thicker moss layer insulated the soil and resulted in cooler temperatures deeper in the soil, despite warmer surface temperatures. A thicker moss layer was associated with a deeper depth of thaw, likely for the higher growth of mosses in the drier and warmer topographically higher elevation areas. The protective role of mosses was only relevant for the first ~3 cm of the green moss layer, suggesting that the living moss layer was more important in regulating soil temperature, possibly through a higher ability to retain water. Soil moisture was in fact an important control on surface and deeper soil temperatures, with wetter soils been associated with cooler surface temperatures because of the higher evaporative cooling, and warmer deeper temperatures likely because of the larger heat conduction to deeper soils. Overall, this study highlights the importance of a green living moss layer on soil temperature and thaw depth. Mosses are among the most vulnerable vegetation to hydrological changes, given their lack of a rooting system, and their sensitivity to climate change should be considered when predicting the response of permafrost thaw to climate change.
Cover crops improve soil structure and change organic carbon distribution in macroaggregate fractions
Authors: Gentsch Norman , Riechers Florin Laura , Boy Jens , Schwenecker Dörte , Feuerstein Ulf , Heuermann Diana , Guggenberger Georg
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Soil structure is sensitive to intensive soil management. It can be ameliorated by a reduction in soil cultivation and stimulation of plant and microbial mediators for aggregate formation, latter a prerequisite and measure for soil quality. Cover crops (CC) are part of an integrated approach to stabilize or improve soil quality. Thereby, the incorporation of diverse CC mixtures is hypothesized to increase the positive effects of CC applications. This study entailed an investigation of the legacy effect of CC on soil aggregates after three crop rotations in the second main crop (winter wheat) after the last CC treatment. Four CCs (mustard, phacelia, clover, and oat) cultivated in pure stands and a fallow treatment were compared to a mixture of the four CC species (Mix4) and a highly diverse 12 plant species mixture (Mix12) in a long-term field experiment in Germany. The organic carbon (OC) distribution within macroaggregate fractions (16–8, 8–4, 4–2, 2–1 and < 1 mm) and their aggregate stability were measured by dry and wet sieving methods, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) was calculated from water-stable aggregates. The results showed that compared to the fallow, all CCs increased the MWD between 10 and 19 % in soil under the following main crop. The average MWD increase over the fallow was slightly higher for CC mixtures (16 %) than for single CCs (12 %). Higher MWD improvement at the 20–30 cm depth also indicates additional benefits from a reduction in the cultivation depth. Structural equation modelling (SEM) suggests that single CCs were more likely to increase OC storage in small macroaggregates < 1 mm, while CC mixtures were more likely to increase OC in the largest fraction (8–16 mm). Different individual CC species or mixtures exhibited a varying involvement in the formation of different aggregate fractions. We provide evidence that litter quality, root morphology and rhizosphere input, which affect microbial mediators of aggregate formation, might be the main reasons for the observed differences between CC treatments. Cover crops are valuable multifunctional tools for sustainable soil management. Here, we showed that they contribute to structure amelioration in arable soils. Increasing the functional diversity of plant species in CC mixtures could be a strategy to further enhance the positive effects of CC in agroecosystems.
Impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on global riverine dissolved organic carbon transport
Authors: You Yanbin , Xie Zhenghui , Jia Binghao , Wang Yan , Wang Longhuan , Li Ruichao , Yan Heng , Tian Yuhang , Chen Si
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Anthropogenic water regulation activities, including
reservoir interception, surface water withdrawal, and groundwater
extraction, alter riverine hydrologic processes and affect dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) export from land to rivers and oceans. In this study, schemes
describing soil DOC leaching, riverine DOC transport, and anthropogenic
water regulation were developed and incorporated into the Community Land
Model 5.0 (CLM5.0) and the River Transport Model (RTM). Three simulations
by the developed model were conducted on a global scale from 1981–2013 to
investigate the impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on riverine DOC
transport. The validation results showed that DOC exports simulated by the
developed model were in good agreement with global river observations. The
simulations showed that DOC transport in most rivers was mainly influenced
by reservoir interception and surface water withdrawal, especially in
central North America and eastern China. Four major rivers, including the
Danube, Yangtze, Mississippi, and Ganges rivers, have experienced reduced
riverine DOC flows due to intense water management, with the largest effect
occurring in winter and early spring. In the Danube and Yangtze river
basins, the impact in 2013 was 4 to 5 times greater than in 1981, with
a retention efficiency of over 50 %. The Ob river basin was almost
unaffected. The total impact of anthropogenic water regulation reduced
global annual riverine DOC exports to the ocean by approximately
13.36 ± 2.45 Tg C yr−1, and this effect increased from 4.83 %
to 6.20 % during 1981–2013, particularly in the Pacific and Atlantic
oceans.
Multi-decadal Floodplain Classification and Trend Analysis in the Upper Columbia River Valley, British Columbia
Authors: Rodrigues Italo Sampaio , Hopkinson Christopher , Chasmer Laura , MacDonald Ryan , Bayley Suzanne , Brisco Brian
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Floodplain wetland ecosystems experience significant seasonal water fluctuation over the year, resulting in a dynamic hydroperiod, with a range of vegetation community responses. This paper assesses trends and changes in landcover and hydro-climatological variables, including air temperature, river discharge, and water level in the Upper Columbia River Wetlands (UCRW), British Columbia, Canada. A time series landcover classification from the Landsat image archive was generated using a Random Forest algorithm from 1984 to 2022. Peak river flow timing, duration, and anomalies were examined to evaluate temporal coincidence with observed landcover trends. The land cover classifier used to segment changes in wetland area and open water performed well (Kappa = 0.82). Over the last four decades, observed river discharge and air temperature have increased, precipitation has decreased, the timing of peak flow is earlier, and flow duration has been reduced. The frequency of both high discharge events and dry years have increased, indicating a shift towards more extreme floodplain flow behavior. These hydrometeorological changes are associated with a shift in the timing of snow melt from April to mid-May and are associated with seasonal changes in the vegetative communities over the 39-year period. The area of woody shrub landcover has increased in the spring (April to mid-May), peak flow period (late-May to July) and early fall (August to mid-September) by +6 % to +12 % since 1984. In the spring and early fall, the area of open water has decreased –3 % to –6 % since 1984, while it has increased 3 % during the peak flow period. The area of marsh land cover (mostly bulrush and cattails) has declined in every season by –29 % in spring, –19 % in the peak flow period and –5 % in early fall. These findings suggest that increasing temperatures have already impacted regional hydrology, wetland hydroperiod and floodplain landcover in the Upper Columbia Valley in Canada. Overall, there is substantial variation in seasonal and annual land cover reflecting the dynamic nature of floodplain wetlands, but the results show that the wetlands are drying out with increasing the areas of woody/shrubby habitat and loss of aquatic habitat. The results suggest that floodplain wetlands, particularly marsh and open water habitats are vulnerable to climatic and hydrological changes that could further reduce their areal extent in the future.
Mixture Preparation in a Four-Stroke Compression Ignition Engine – A CFD Approach
Authors: Kalivarathan G. , Jaiganesh V.
Published: September 2023

A CFD simulation is carried out to predict the effects of piston crown on the fluid flow field, inside the combustion chamber, cylinder of four strokes CI engine. The complete analysis is concentrated on the study of effects of the piston shape. On the fluid flow characteristics, fluid flow dynamics exhibits an important role on charge preparation to attain the better combustion performance and efficiency in the viscosity of swirl and tumble flows as turbulence. The turbulence parameters like swirl and tumble represents the fluid flow behavior occurs inside the combustion chamber, which influence the air streams to the cylinder during intake stroke and reasonably enhances the mixing of air and fuel to have a better mixing during compression stroke. The numerical calculations are preferred in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine running at full throttle condition by using the CFD mode. Different Bowls are considered with an engine speed of 2200 rpm, for this analysis, to be compared to evaluate the swirl and tumble flows produced during intake and compression stroke. The results obtained from the numerical analysis can be used to predict uniformity in the structure of a charge for a efficient performance and combustion in a compression ignition engine.
Evaluation of Bending and Impact Strength Characteristics on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar 7075T651 – 6061T651 Butt Joints
Authors: Muruganandam D. , Sushil Lal Das
Published: September 2023

Aluminium alloys have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high strength-to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Modern structural concepts demand reductions in both the weight as well as the cost of the production and fabrication of materials. Therefore welding processes have proven more attractive, and there is an urgency to study their potential. Compared to the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process was invented in 1991 by TWI, in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. The major advantage in FSW process is that the maximum temperature reached is less than 80% of the Melting Temperature (TM), i.e., the joint is performed in the solid-state and excessive micro structural degradation of the weld zone is avoided. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force etc., and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the joint strength. This paper focus on impact and bending strength evaluation and predicting the process parameters in varying rotational and welding speeds of friction-stir welding for the dissimilar precipitation hardenable aluminium alloys ie., between 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) and 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg).
Enhancing Wear Resistance of Low Alloy Steel Applicable on Excavator Bucket Teeth Via Hardfacing
Authors: Singla Shivali , Kang Amardeep Singh , Grewal Jasmaninder Singh
Published: September 2023

New developments in the field of continuously operating earth moving equipment demand a new way of improving wear resistances of these equipment parts which directly involved with different types of sand and rocks during their operation in harsh field environment. Wear caused by the impact and abrasion action of hard particles is a major problem in the area of earth moving machinery. The objective of this study was to enhance the useful life of the excavator bucket teeth in order to decrease the idle time required to reinstate the teeth periodically during working. The objective was carried out by means of hardfacings, where the effect of the hardfacings on the extent of wear and the wear characteristics of the excavator bucket teeth were examined. Four types of ironbased hardfacing electrodes with a wide range of C (0.75-5% by weight) and Cr (2-33% by weight) were selected to deposit by manual metal arc welding process on the low alloy steel. It was observed that the wear rates of the hardfaced low alloy steel were significantly lower than those of the un-hardfaced steel, indicating a great improvement in the wear protection provided by hardfacings.
Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel of Jatropha Oil and Soybean Oil
Authors: Malik Ashish , Kumar Parlad
Published: September 2023

Biodiesel is considered as an important renewable and alternative fuel of future. This paper focuses on the performance of biodiesel made from jatropha oil and soybean oil. The biodiesel was produced through transesterification process and it was blended with the fossil diesel. The blended mixtures were tested in an IC diesel engine attached with a dynamometer. On the basis of performance tests it was found that brake thermal efficiency of mixed jatropha and soybean biodiesel blends is nearer to pure diesel oil at different rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption obtained with biodiesel  blend of mixture of jatropha and soybean oil is comparable with fossil diesel.
Optimization of Weld Bead Geometry in Gas Metal Arc Cladded Austenitic Stainless Steel Plates Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sreeraj P. , Kannan T. , Maji Subhasis
Published: September 2023

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process has attracted increasing attention in industry because of high reliability, easiness in operation, high penetration good surface finish and high productivity. The quality of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) components depends on weld bead geometry and dilution. Cladding process, this is widely used in industries for preventing corrosion. For cladding GMAW process, is mostly used. For economising the operation bead geometry and dilution must be optimized. These objectives can be achieved by developing mathematical equations using multiple regression analysis. The experiments were conducted based on a five factor five level central composite rotatable design matrix. A genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to optimize various process parameters for achieving desired weld bead geometry.
Erosion Behaviour of Chromium Based Hardfacing Alloy
Authors: Gaganpreet Singh Sandhu  , Hazoor S. Sidhu  , Sukhpal Singh Chatha
Published: September 2023

In the present study commercial available chromium based hardfacing alloy (CPET 071) was deposited on SS304 steel by manual metal arc welding process to investigate the erosion behaviour. Solid particle erosion study was carried out using air jet erosion tester rig. Erosion testing was done at room and 400°C temperature at different impingement angles i.e. 30° and 90°. Optical microscopy technique is used to analyse the microstructure. Microstructure of the deposited hardfacing alloy has been formed to be free from defect such as crakes and porosity, with typical dendritic structure. Erosion rate of the base and hardfaced steel has been found to be higher at 400 °C temperatures with 30° impingement angle.
Friction Welding of AISI 304 and AISI 1021 Dissimilar Steels at 1600RPM
Authors: Handa Amit , Chawla Vikas
Published: September 2023

Friction welding is a solid state joining process which is extensively used due to its advantages such as low heat input, ability to join dissimilar materials and environment friendliness. Friction welding can be used to join different kinds of materials which cannot be welded by conventional fusion welding processes. The rotational speed and the axial pressures are the important parameters that play the major role in determining the strength of the joint. In this study an attempt was made to join austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) with low alloy steel (AISI 1021) at 1600 rpm and at different axial pressures and then determining the strength of the joint by means of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, torsional strength, impact strength and micro hardness. The tensile tested specimens were also subjected to SEM analysis to determine the failure pattern of the specimens
The Effects in Performance and Emissions of DI Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel (PPME)-Blends as Fuel
Authors: P. Venkateswara Rao
Published: September 2023

In the present work biodiesel derived from non edible oil with diesel was used to study the performance of DI Diesel engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 1500rpm. Experiments were carried out with pogamia pinnata oil methyl ester (POME) and diesel blends in different proportions to reduce tail pipe emissions. Comparative study is conducted using diesel, biodiesel and with various blends of biodiesel. POME is used (diesel, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100) with various percentages by volume for all loads (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12kg load). The performance of the engine is compared with neat diesel in respect of brake thermal efficiency, BSFC and exhaust emissions.
Using Fuzzy Bang-Bang Relay Controller for a Single-Axis Magnetic Bearing System
Authors: Mohammad Amin Rashidifar  , Ali Amin Rashidifar
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a new type of fuzzy controller for active magnetic bearing applications. Active magnetic bearing (AMB) applications in rotating machinery are fast growing due to their precise and contact less support of the rotating shaft. AMB are open loop unstable due to nonlinear relationship between electromagnetic force,attraction distance and the electromagnetic current. To regulate the electromagnetic forces acting on the bearing, external control is required. Feedback control for AMB systems such as proportional and derivative is only restricted to linearized region. For nonlinear control systems, artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy and hybrid techniques are being investigated. Bang-bang control is an old but effective technique to control nonlinear system in optimal time. Bang-bang control combined with fuzzy logic decision-making flexibility results in a robust control system. In this work an integrated fuzzy bang-bang relay controller (FBBRC) is presented to control the AMB system. FBBRC is simple to design than conventional fuzzy controllers. Comparison with other widely used AMB control techniques demonstrate improved results.
Soft Computing Technique for Product Design Suggestion in Smart Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Khatri Jitesh Kumar , Kumar Jyoti
Published: September 2023

With the phenomenal growth in consumer durables industry, and more than ever before change and dynamism in the variety of design needs within the constraints of very limited time and investment, the urgent need of design automation is being recognized all over the world. To be able to capture the market through proactive launching of customer desirable products, the whole development cycle needs to be shrunk without any compromise of product features. This work suggests a fuzzy logic and ANN based noble design suggestion system which would assist the designers with a range of 3D design suggestions to choose from and take forward based on variable inputs from the market. This would facilitate faster designs through automation, reducing the overall design cycle time. The inputs for the design suggestions are based on anthropometry study and emotional behavior. Fuzzy logic is an efficient tool to choose the impact factor of a suggestion from a particular methodology based on the associated membership function andANN has good learning capability and combination of both forms an efficient system for design suggestion.
Shear Plus Squeeze Mode Based Magneto-Rheological Fluid Brake
Authors: Patil Sonal V. , Kumbhar Bhau K.
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, magneto rheological fluid technology is growing rapidly to satisfy the different application demands. However, yield stress produced by the MR fluid limits its use option only several applications. Yield stress produced by a typical MR fluid is only 70 -90 kPa. Hence, while exploring the possibility of this fluid to be used in MR brake, it cannot attain required braking torque. Thus, if a conventional shear mode of this MR brake is combined with the simultaneous compression mode, then the typical MR fluid can attain a yield stress of about 800-900 kPa which will satisfy the braking torque requirements. During this review, the theoretical research has been carried out about the shear plus squeeze mode based MR brake to satisfy automotive brake application requirements.
Optimization of Drilling Parameters on EN31 Steel with Chromium Coated Drill Bit by Using TAGUCHI Method
Authors: Balakumaran V. , Parthasarathy C. , Chandradass J.
Published: September 2023

The metal cutting is very essential to try for high metal removing rate and the best product quality. The major problem in achieving high productivity and best quality is short life span of a tool. To enhance the life of tool many new materials are developed so has to meet the market demand and competitive price for this there should be proper control over various cost involved in machining named as material cost labor cost and tooling cost the material cost can be controlled by using special material which meet all required properties with reduced price. The methodology of Modified Taguchi optimization method for simultaneous minimization and maximization of Surface roughness (Ra), machining time and material removal rate of EN31 Alloy steel affect the aesthetical aspect of the final product and hence it is essential to select the best combination values of the CNC drilling process parameters to minimize as well as maximize the responses. The experiments were carried out by a CNC lathe, using physical vapor deposition coated Chromium nitride drilling tool bit for the machining of EN19. The experiments were carried out as per L9 orthogonal array with each experiment performed under different conditions of such as speed, type of drilling tool, and feed rate. The Taugchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed by using MINITAB-15 software to identify the level of importance of the machining parameters on Surface roughness (Ra), Machining time and Material Removal Rate (MRR).