bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENOTIPE TERPILIH BERDASARKAN KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL LATEKS DARI UP/03/96
Authors: Pasaribu Syarifah Aini , Suhendry Irwan , Sayurandi Sayurandi
Published: October 2016

Penggunaan klon-klon unggul yang berhasil tinggi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan hasil karet. Klon unggul diperoleh melalui beberapa tahap pengujian salah satu diantaranya adalah pengujian pendahuluan. Materi pengujian berupa genotipe dari hasil seleksi dengan intensitas 10% pada populasi  hasil persemaian F1. Evalusi pengujian pendahuluan telah dilakukan pada UP/03/96 yang telah berumur 10 tahun. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh sebanyak dua genotipe yang dikelompokkan kedalam klon penghasil lateks yaitu genotipe no. 75 (91/439) dan 33 (91/303), dan sebanyak sepuluh genotipe dikelompokan ke dalam klon penghasil lateks dan kayu, yaitu: no. 65 (91/160), 25 (91/438), 64 (91/301), 47 (91/45), 76 (91/65), 35 (91/409), 37 (91/369), 28 (91/214), dan 5 (91/343).. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut merupakan klon harapan unggul baru yang memiliki pertumbuhan dan hasil lateks yang baik. Diterima : 6 Februari 2014; Direvisi : 17 April 2014; Disetujui : 25 Juni 2014  How to Cite : Pasaribu, S. A., Suhendry, I., & Sayurandi. (2014). Genotipe terpilih berdasarkan karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil lateks dari UP/03/96. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 98-108. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/156
KEEFEKTIFAN BEBERAPA FUNGI ANTAGONIS (Trichoderma sp) DALAM BIOFUNGISIDA ENDOHEVEA TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus) DI LAPANGAN
Authors: Fairuzah Zaida , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Karyudi Karyudi , Suryaman Soleh , Widhayati Wiwik E.
Published: October 2016

Penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) yang disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus microporus menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi di perkebunan karet hingga Rp. 1,8 triliun/tahun. Penyakit ini menyerang semua stadia tanaman karet baik di pembibitan, kebun entres, TBM maupun TM. Saat ini pengendalian jamur akar putih masih menggunakan fungisida kimia berbahan aktif seperti heksakonazol, tridemorf, dan triadimefon. Pengendalian dengan fungisida kimia lebih mahal bila dibandingkan dengan biofungisida, selain itu tidak bersifat ramah lingkungan. Suatu kemajuan ditunjukkan oleh beberapa perkebunan yang telah mengadopsi penggunaan biofungisida. Endohevea merupakan salah satu biofungisida yang dapat mengendalikan JAP. Biofungisida ini terdiri atas beberapa fungi yang tergolong ke dalam genus Trichoderma yang bersifat antagonis terhadap JAP. Keefektifan biofungisida Endohevea diketahui dengan penyiraman biofungisida secara langsung ke pangkal batang tanaman yang terserang dengan skala serangan beragam (skala 1, 2, atau 3) dengan perlakuan banyaknya aplikasi (1 kali aplikasi dan 2 kali aplikasi) dan perlakuan dosis (1 tablet/liter air/tanaman dan 1 tablet/5 liter air/5 tanaman) dan kontrol (tanpa aplikasi). Parameter pengamatan yang diuji adalah persentase kesembuhan. Keefektifan dilakukan setiap bulan setelah aplikasi pertama dengan parameter persentase kesembuhan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa biofungisida Endohevea pada dosis 1 tablet/5 tanaman efektif dalam mengendalikan JAP pada skala lapangan dengan persentase kesembuhan mencapai 79,0% yang signifikan berbeda dibandingkan kontrol. Diterima : 10 Januari 2014; Direvisi : 28 Februari 2014; Disetujui : 20 April 2014  How to Cite : Fairuzah, Z., Dalimunthe, C. I., Karyudi., Suryaman, S., & Widhayati, W. (2014). Keefektifan beberapa fungi antagonis (Trichoderma sp) dalam biofungisida endohevea terhadap penyakit jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) di lapangan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 122-128. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/158
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI HILIR PENGOLAHAN KARET DI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Napitupulu Dompak M. T. , Alamsyah Zulkifli , Elwamendri Elwamendri
Published: October 2016

Karet alam telah diusahakan pada tingkat perkebunan karet rakyat di Provinsi Jambi sejak lebih dari seratus tahun yang lalu. Kontribusinya yang cukup besar terhadap perekonomian daerah menyebabkan karet alam dianggap sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan Provinsi Jambi. Namun kontribusinya dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat  khususnya petani produsen belum terlihat nyata. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi petani karet rakyat terhadap pengembangan industri berbahan baku karet secara lokal dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lingkungan strategis yang dapat mempengaruhi pengembangan industri hilir pengolahan karet alam di Provinsi Jambi.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga kabupaten sentra produksi karet alam di Provinsi Jambi yakni di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Bungo dan Sarolangun. Data dihimpun dengan metode survei dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Strategi pengembangan usaha didekati dengan metode analisis SWOT, sementara kelayakan pengembangan usaha dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis arus dana (cash flow). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa upaya pengembangan industri hilir berbahan baku karet alam direspons dengan sangat baik oleh petani karet rakyat. Pada umumnya (78,33%) responden setuju jika industri hilir pengolahan karet alam dikembangkan di lokasi penelitian. Hasil analisis lingkungan strategis menunjukkan terdapat dua faktor kekuatan, tiga faktor kelemahan, tiga faktor peluang dan dua faktor ancaman yang dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengembangan industri pengolahan lateks pekat di lokasi penelitian. Diterima : 27 November 2013; Direvisi : 20 Februari 2014; Disetujui : 20 Mei 2014  How to Cite : Napitupulu, D., Alamsyah, Z., & Elwamendri. (2014). Prospek pengembangan industri hilir pengolahan karet di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 139-147. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/160
SINTESIS BAHAN OLAH KOMPON KARET SECARA REAKSI VULKANISASI DARI PERPADUAN MINYAK NABATI SEMI PENGERING DAN PENGERING
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Cifriadi Adi , Nurgilis Eva Lilis , Arif Zulhan
Published: October 2016

Faktis cokelat merupakan salah satu bahan kimia karet terpenting yang berfungsi sebagai bahan bantu olah kompon karet. Mutu faktis cokelat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan jenis minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku utama, konsentrasi sulfur, dan suhu reaksi. Reaksi vulkanisasi antara minyak nabati dengan sulfur pada pembentukan faktis cokelat umumnya dilakukan pada suhu 140-190oC. Minyak nabati harus memiliki bilangan iod yang tinggi minimal 80-110 g iod/100 g minyak. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari peluang pembuatan faktis cokelat dari kombinasi minyak jarak kastor dengan minyak nabati lain golongan semi pengering (sawit, jarak pagar) dan pengering (kedelai, jagung, kanola) pada rasio minyak sebesar 80 : 20 dengan penambahan 24 bsm sulfur dan 150oC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa faktis cokelat dapat disintesis dari kombinasi antar minyak nabati tersebut pada kondisi reaksi vulkanisasi yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi diperoleh faktis cokelat dengan tingkatan mutu setara dengan faktis cokelat komersial kelas 3. Kombinasi minyak nabati yang menghasilkan faktis cokelat terbaik diperoleh dari campuran antara minyak jarak kastor dengan minyak sawit. Diterima : 14 April 2014; Direvisi : 20 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 12 Juli 2014 How to Cite : Puspitasari, S., Cifriadi, A., Nurgilis, E. L., & Arif, Z. (2014). Sintesis bahan olah kompon karet secara reaksi vulkanisasi dari perpaduan minyak nabati semi pengering dan pengering. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 189-197. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/164
UJI ADAPTASI KLON KARET HARAPAN IRR SERI 200 PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN DI DAERAH BERIKLIM BASAH, KEBUN AEK TARUM – KABUPATEN ASAHAN
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Suhendry Irwan , Woelan Sekar
Published: October 2016

Pada tanaman karet, kondisi curah hujan dan hari hujan bisa merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman secara optimal. Pada umumnya tanaman karet dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi optimal pada kondisi curah hujan berkisar 1800-2500 mm/th  dan jumlah hari hujan berkisar 115–150 hari/th. Dengan demikian, seleksi klon karet unggul yang dapat beradaptasi dengan baik pada kondisi cekaman lingkungan tertentu seperti curah hujan tinggi sangat penting dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaan klon karet unggul harapan IRR seri 200 pada wilayah beriklim cukup basah. Pengujian adaptasi klon unggul harapan IRR seri 200 dan klon pembanding PB 260 dibangun  di Kebun Aek Tarum, Kabupaten Asahan pada tahun 2010. Rata-rata curah hujan selama delapan tahun di lokasi penelitian ini  sebesar 2899 mm/th dengan jumlah hari hujan sebanyak 186 hari/th. Jumlah curah hujan dan hari hujan di lokasi penelitian ini tergolong tinggi, sehingga kurang optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman karet. Pengamatan terhadap karakter pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 1 - 4 tahun. Karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit diamati pada umur 4 tahun. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora diamati pada umur 3 dan 4 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 205, IRR 210, IRR 215, IRR 219, dan IRR 220 memiliki pertumbuhan jagur. Klon IRR 205, IRR 210, dan 215 memiliki ukuran tebal kulit paling tinggi, sedangkan klon IRR 215 dan IRR 219 memiliki karakter anatomi yang cukup baik.  Semua klon IRR seri 200 yang diuji tergolong moderat resisten sampai dengan resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora.Diterima : 18 November 2014; Direvisi : 20 Desember 2014; Disetujui : 6 Mei 2015  How to Cite : Sayurandi., Suhendry, I., & Woelan, S. (2015). Uji adaptasi klon karet harapan IRR seri 200 pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan di daerah beriklim basah, Kebun Aek Tarum – Kabupaten Asahan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 11-24. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/167
PEREMAJAAN OPTIMAL TANAMAN KARET DI PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX (ANALISIS SIMULASI PADA KEBUN GETAS)
Authors: Widyasari Titik , Hartono Slamet , Irham Irham
Published: October 2016

Peremajaan tanaman karet umumnya dilakukan sebelum mencapai 30 tahun karena pertimbangan teknis yang tidak sesuai, dan belum dilengkapi analisis finansial yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh saat dan pola peremajaan optimal tanaman karet serta melihat responnya terhadap perubahan kenaikan biaya dan penurunan harga. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive, dilakukan di Kebun Getas, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah, dengan menggunakan konsep maksimalisasi keuntungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat optimal peremajaan tanaman karet adalah saat umur 25 tahun, dan pola optimal peremajaan adalah 4% dari luasan kebun karet. Saat optimal dan pola optimal peremajaan juga tetap, saat dilakukan perubahan kenaikan biaya 5-10% dan penurunan harga 5-10% secara simultan. Meskipun saat dan pola peremajaan optimalnya terjadi pada saat yang sama, namun memiliki perbedaan nilai MNR dan ANR yang semakin rendah seiring dengan turunnya harga dan naiknya biaya. Perusahaan sebaiknya melakukan peremajaan di saat optimal, jika melakukan peremajaan sebelum saat optimal maka belum mencapai keuntungan rata-rata tahunan yang maksimum. Namun kondisi tersebut, tergantung produktivitas tanaman karet, harga jual karet dan biayanya. Perusahaan sebaiknya meremajakan kebun karet sesuai pertimbangan teknis dan finansial, sehingga kebun dapat berlanjut dengan seimbang. Diterima : 2 Maret 2015; Direvisi : 13 April 2015; Disetujui : 20 Mei 2015  How to Cite : Widyasari, T., Hartono, S., & Irham. (2015). Peremajaan optimal tanaman karet di Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara IX (analisis simulasi pada kebun getas). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 47-56. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/170
Sampul Depan 33 1 2015
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Depan 33 1 2015
KERAGAMAN SIFAT PERTUMBUHAN FISIOLOGI DAN DAYA HASIL PROGENI KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL ARG) HASIL PERSILANGAN ANTARA KLON PB 260 DAN RRIC 100
Authors: Syafaah Afdholiatus , Ismawanto Sigit , Herlinawati Eva
Published: October 2016

Tingginya keragaman ditingkat progeni membuat para pemulia karet dituntut lebih teliti dalam melakukan seleksi awal calon genotipe baru. Beberapa parameter seperti karakter pertumbuhan tanaman, anatomi dan fisiologi lateks mempengaruhi produksi karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragamaan ditingkat progeni dan mengetahui karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap daya hasil karet pada populasi hasil persilangan antara PB 260 dan RRIC 100. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa progeni hasil persilangan antara PB 260 dan RRIC 100 mempunyai tingkat keragaman tinggi pada daya hasil, kadar sukrosa, kadar fosfat anorganik, dan jumlah pembuluh lateks, sedangkan lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan kadar tiol mempunyai keragaman yang rendah. Lilit batang dan tebal kulit batang berkorelasi nyata terhadap daya hasil. Namun berdasarkan analisis regresi bertatar, hanya lilit batang yang mempunyai pengaruh langsung terbesar terhadap daya hasil pada progeni hasil persilangan PB 260 x RRIC 100, sedangkan parameter lilit batang dan kadar tiol mempunyai pengaruh langsung terbesar terhadap daya hasil pada progeni hasil persilangan RRIC 100 x PB 260. Diterima : 19 Mei 2015; Direvisi : 8 September 2015; Disetujui : 19 September 2015 How to Cite : Syafaah, A., Ismawanto, S., & Herlinawati, E. (2015). Keragaman sifat pertumbuhan fisiologi dan daya hasil progeni karet (hevea brasiliensis muell arg) hasil persilangan antara klon PB 260 dan RRIC 100. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 121-130. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/177
PENGUJIAN BIOFUNGISIDA BERBASIS MIKROORGANISME ANTAGONIS UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH PADA TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Kusdiana Alchemi Putri Juliantika , Munir Misbakhul , Suryaningtyas Heru
Published: October 2016

Penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting di perkebunan karet Indonesia karena dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman dan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu usaha pengendalian penyakit JAP adalah pengobatan tanaman sakit dengan menggunakan biofungisida. Tujuan dari pengujian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas biofungisida berbahan aktif beberapa mikroorganisme antagonis terhadap penyakit JAP pada skala laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Sembawa mulai Juli 2012 sampai April 2013. Bahan utama yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah formulasi biofungisida yang mengandung cendawan antagonis Trichoderma viridae, T. harzianum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan bakteri antagonis Bacillus subtilis. Percobaan terdiri dari tiga kegiatan yaitu pengujian antagonisme formulasi biofungisida terhadap R. microporus di laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode uji ganda, studi efektivitas formulasi biofungisida terhadap penyakit JAP pada bibit karet dalam polibeg klon PB 260 di rumah kaca dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari kombinasi biofungisida + pupuk hayati berbahan aktif mikoriza serta perlakuan fungisida kimia sebagai pembanding, dan studi efektivitas formulasi biofungisida terhadap penyakit JAP pada tanaman karet belum menghasilkan klon PB 260 di lapangan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok sembilan perlakuan dan  tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari beberapa perlakuan biofungisida dan fungisida kimia pembanding. Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan biofungisida mampu menekan perkembangan R. microporus dengan rata-rata penghambatan sebesar 57,62%. Pengujian di rumah kaca dengan perlakuan kombinasi biofungisida 100 g dan pupuk hayati 200 g cukup efektif menurunkan intensitas serangan JAP sebesar 5,56% dan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman yang terlihat dari pertumbuhan akar, tinggi tanaman, dan biomassa kering yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Pengujian biofungisida pada TBM menunjukkan penurunan intensitas serangan penyakit sebesar 18,33% s.d. 23,33% yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida kimia pembanding dan perlakuan biofungisida 20 g/pohon  memiliki penurunan intensitas serangan penyakit paling tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan biofungisida lainnya. Dari ketiga pengujian menunjukan biofungisida tersebut efektif digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP. Diterima : 28 April 2015; Direvisi : 28 Agustus 2015; Disetujui : 10 September 2015 How to Cite : Kusdiana, A. P. J., Munir, M., & Suryaningtyas, H. (2015). Pengujian biofungisida berbasis mikroorganisme antagonis untuk pengendalian penyakit jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 143-156. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/179
Sampul Depan 33 2 2015
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Depan 33 2 2015
PENDUGAAN AKSI GEN PADA KARAKTER KOMPONEN HASIL DAN DAYA HASIL LATEKS BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KARET HASIL PERSILANGAN TETUA KLON IAN 873 X PN 3760
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Woelan Sekar
Published: October 2016

Abstrak            Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pendugaan aksi gen karakter komponen hasil dan daya hasil lateks pada genotipe hasil persilangan klon IAN 873 X PN 3760. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan dan laboratorium agronomi Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih-Pusat Penelitian Karet yang berada di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Sebanyak 35 genotipe dan 2 tetua digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Karakter komponen hasil yang diamati yaitu lilit batang, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang pertama, tinggi cabang pertama, tebal kulit, jumlah ring pembuluh lateks, diameter sel pembuluh lateks, volume kayu, dan daya hasil lateks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman genetik dari sembilan karakter yang diamati dengan nilai keragaman fenotipik antara 11,4 – 66,3%. Berdasarkan aksi gen, epistasis komplementer ditemukan pada karakter lilit batang, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang utama, tebal kulit, jumlah ring pembuluh lateks, volume kayu, dan hasil lateks yang artinya ketujuh karakter tersebut sangat dikendalikan oleh banyak gen, sedangkan epistasis dominan ditemukan pada karakter tinggi cabang utama dan diameter sel pembuluh lateks yang artinya bahwa kedua karakter tersebut dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen.
Nickel, copper and cobalt coalescence in copper cliff converter slag
Authors: Wolf A. , Mitrasinovic A.M.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this investigation is to assess the effect of various additives on
coalescence of nickel, copper and cobalt from slags generated during nickel
extraction. The analyzed fluxes were silica and lime while examined
reductants were pig iron, ferrosilicon and copper-silicon compound. Slag was
settled at the different holding temperatures for various times in conditions
that simulated the industrial environment. The newly formed matte and slag
were characterized by their chemical composition and morphology. Silica flux
generated higher partition coefficients for nickel and copper than the
addition of lime. Additives used as reducing agents had higher valuable metal
recovery rates and corresponding partition coefficients than fluxes.
Microstructural studies showed that slag formed after adding reductants
consisted of primarily fayalite, with some minute traces of magnetite as the
secondary phase. Addition of 5 wt% of pig iron, ferrosilicon and
copper-silicon alloys favored the formation of a metallized matte which
increased Cu, Ni and Co recoveries. Addition of copper-silicon alloys with
low silicon content was efficient in copper recovery but coalescence of the
other metals was low. Slag treated with the ferrosilicon facilitated the
highest cobalt recovery while copper-silicon alloys with silicon content
above 10 wt% resulted in high coalescence of nickel and copper, 87 % and 72 %
respectively.
Knowledge and Awareness of Tuberculosis Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Rural Area of West Bengal
Authors: Pramanik D , Ghosh JR
Published: October 2016

Introduction: India has more new tuberculosis (TB) cases annually than any other country and contributing of about twenty percent to the global burden of TB. The objective of the present study was to understand the knowledge and awareness of TB among adult male pulmonary TB patients in a rural area of West Bengal.Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was carried out among the TB patients registered under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 41.46 (14.3) years.52% of the subjects never heard of TB before diagnosis of their disease. Majorities of the participants thought that smoking and chewing tobacco was the cause of TB. With regard to the mode of spread, 21% thought that TB spread through unclean food and water followed by through sharing materials for drink (21%). Most of the participants were unaware or had no idea about the fact that transmission of TB is preventable. With regard to the occurrence of TB in life time, 64% had no idea. With regard to the curability of TB, 38% said that it is curable and majorities (60%) said don’t know, 40% subjects thought that good food and drinking water can reduce the chance of getting TB.Conclusion: This study showed that lack of knowledge and misconceptions regarding TB were widespread among the TB patients. Thus, the present study emphasizes the need for health education programmes to improve knowledge, awareness and removing misconceptions about TB.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015 XII (2), page: 13-19
Subdeltoid Bursa Tuberculosis with Rice Bodies Formation
Authors: Kasturi A , Madas S , Natesh K
Published: October 2016

Introduction: We describe a rare case of a patient with unilateral musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis presented as bursitis of the left shoulder with rice bodies, without coexisting active tuberculosis or tuberculosis in the previous history.Case Report: A 21 year old patient was examined, who complained of pain and swelling in the left shoulder for 2 years. MRI showed a large amount of rice bodies with joint effusion in the left shoulder with intact rotator cuff. The histological examination showed a tuberculosis-specific inflammatory response with giant cells and epithelioid granulomas. Arthroscopic debridement and removal of the loose bodies was done.Conclusion: We report a unique case of tuberculous sub-deltoid bursitis with rice bodies formation in absence of any other concomitant focus of tuberculous infection, managed with arthroscopic debridement and anti -tuberculous regimen with a long follow up of twelve months.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015; XII(2): 28-31
Formative and Summative Assessment in Veterinary Pathology and Other Courses at a Mexican Veterinary College
Authors: Valero Germán , Cárdenas Paula
Published: October 2016

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) uses the Moodle learning management system for formative and summative computer assessment. The authors of this article—the teacher primarily responsible for Moodle implementation and a researcher who is a recent Moodle adopter—describe and discuss the students' and teachers' attitudes to summative and formative computer assessment in Moodle. Item analysis of quiz results helped us to identify and fix poorly performing questions, which greatly reduced student complaints and improved objective assessment. The use of certainty-based marking (CBM) in formative assessment in veterinary pathology was well received by the students and should be extended to more courses. The importance of having proficient computer support personnel should not be underestimated. A properly translated language pack is essential for the use of Moodle in a language other than English.
An Interactive Teddy Bear Clinic Tour: Teaching Veterinary Students How to Interact with Young Children
Authors: Dalley Jessica S. , Creary Patricia R. , Durzi Tiffany , McMurtry C. Meghan
Published: October 2016

Although there are existing guidelines for teaching and learning skillful client communication, there remains a need to integrate a developmental focus into veterinary medical curricula to prepare students for interactions with children who accompany their companion animals. The objectives of this teaching tip are (1) to describe the use of a Teddy Bear Clinic Tour as an innovative, applied practice method for teaching veterinary students about clinical communication with children, and (2) to provide accompanying resources to enable use of this method to teach clinical communication at other facilities. This paper includes practical guidelines for organizing a Teddy Bear Clinic Tour at training clinics or colleges of veterinary medicine; an anecdotal description of a pilot study at the Ontario Veterinary College Smith Lane Animal Hospital; and printable resources, including a list of specific clinical communication skills, a sample evaluation sheet for supervisors and students, recommendations for creating a child-friendly environment, examples of child-friendly veterinary vocabulary, and a sample script for a Teddy Bear Clinic Tour. Informed by the resources provided in this teaching tip paper, the Teddy Bear Clinic Tour can be used at your facility as a unique teaching method for clinical communication with children and as a community outreach program to advertise the services at the facility.
Effect of testing position and angular velocity on agonist/antagonist ratios of hip muscles
Authors: Mohammad Walaa S. , Elsais Walaa M. , Al-eraky Omnia A.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The moment generated by a muscle is influenced, among other factors, by the angular velocity and the testing position. However, the effect of these factors on hip muscles' agonist/antagonist ratios is not well understood. The main purpose of this study was to analyze this effect in a group of apparently healthy women and men.

METHODS:

Sixteen women and 24 men, aged 21-25 years participated in this study. The isokinetic concentric hip flexor/extensor (F/E) and adductor/abductor (AD/AB) strength ratios were calculated based on testing in supine and standing positions for the flexors and extensors) and side-lying and standing positions (for the adductors and abductors) tested at 60 and 180°/s.

RESULTS:

For both genders the isokinetic moment of hip muscles decreased with increased angular velocity and the highest moments were observed in standing position. A significant interaction of position, angular velocity, and gender was observed (p < 0.05), which indicated that men experienced greater increases in F/E and AD/AB ratios in standing position at 180°, whereas women demonstrated lower ratios in the same position.

CONCLUSION:

Isokinetic tests of the hip muscles ratios: F/E and AD/AB in standing and in sitting indicate that the test position and gender have a significant effect on the test findings.
Study of resonant self-charging rats experiment playground based on Witricity technology
Authors: Wang Junhua , Cai Changsong , Long Mengjiao , Liu Kaipei , Sun Mingui
Published: October 2016

A wireless energy transfer system based on magnetic resonant technology for power transmission and rats playground recharging is studied. The relationship among the self-inductance, mutual-inductance, the maximum approachable efficiency and several key parameters of the system are analyzed. The coupling coefficient, which depends on the above factors, is illustrated through related equations and curves. According to the specifications of energy storage and available space, a wireless energy transfer system with a seven-circular-coil transmitter and one ``box'' receiver has been studied. The array transmitter has been fabricated to make the produced magnetic field over the playground even and then transfer enough energy. The fabricated novel small ``box'' receiver, consisting of a tape coil on one layer, which is separated by an insulation layer, is designed and compared with the normal receiver coil. The magnetic field intensity above the transmitter and the system efficiency are simulated by FEM analysis. The standing wave ratio and the system efficiency with different distances and displacements are measured. The efficiency of wireless charging system we designed is up to 45% at the resonant frequency 5.56 MHz with the distance of 30 mm. And even the misalignment occurred, the efficiency of the proposed system keeps comparatively stable.
Simulation research on the return conductor configuration of aircraft lightning indirect effect test
Authors: Su Liyuan , Gao Cheng , Duan Yantao , Guo Fei
Published: October 2016

The aircraft indirect effect test method was studied in this paper based on the numerical simulation method. Meanwhile the influence of the return conductor arrangement on the load matching and current distribution was also analyzed. The aircraft lightning test system models with coaxial return path were established, and their distribution parameters and the characteristic impedances were calculated. The current resonant under different load impedance was analyzed using one dimensional FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) algorithm. On this basis, the current density distributions on the surface of the fuselage with different return conductor arrangements were calculated by the simulation software CST. The conclusions provide foundation for the further research on the return conductor configuration of fixed wing aircraft lightning test.
Optimization of the magnetic field for Lorentz force velocimetry
Authors: Terzijska Džulia , Lüdtke Ulrich
Published: October 2016

Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) [1] is a contactless measurement technique, which uses the principle of induction to analyze physical properties of moving and electrically conducting media. We report a systematic numerical optimization procedure with finite element (FEM) simulation to improve the measurement quality of LFV for weakly conducting media. The force can be increased by optimizing the primary magnetic field created by a magnet system. We use magnetic dipoles as field sources. Analytic and numerical studies of the influence of single magnetic dipoles on the conducting medium have been investigated [2-4]. The optimization of different dipole configurations with a high number of dipoles is new and presents the next step in the development of Lorentz force flowmeters for weakly conducting fluids for industrial application. We study and optimize the orientation of dipoles with the FEM software PROMETHEUS and develop an optimization method. The resulting optimized dipoles exhibit characteristic orientations, which are point symmetric with respect to the center of the geometric setup so that the magnitudes of the vector fields wind themselves like a spiral around the pipe.
Modelling and verification of convective heat transfer coefficient for induction applications
Authors: Schubotz S. , Nacke B.
Published: October 2016

In high performance induction heating systems, the coil often has a short lifetime as a result of high power density generated in some areas. The cause of life reduction is often because the cooling effect of the coolant is not sufficient or the heat is not dissipated adequately. This is usually due to a poor heat transfer between the cooling water and the coil. The sizing of the cooling system and the coil have a high impact on the heat transfer and therefore also on service life. Generally, the system parameters affected by this dimensioning are the cooling water temperature, cooling water flow (velocity) and pressure.

In this paper, a method is presented which allows a research of the influences by these different parameters on the heat transfer coefficient. For this purpose, a water-cooled, cylindrical copper part is heated by induction and the heat transfer to the coolant is examined. Considering that, a concept has been developed and analyzed by means of a 2D model. This is followed by the implementation of the model using an experimental setup, where an individual adjustment of the three cooling parameters has been realized and also its impacts on the heat transfer coefficient.
Effect of electric field and magnetic field on metal anodizing behavior
Authors: Kozuka T. , Sigit W.P. , Fukuda S. , Iihoshi C. , Kawahara M.
Published: October 2016

Metal anodizing process is now widely applied to not only usual commercial products but also advanced materials like a photo-catalyst or some nano-materials. In these applications, micro-pore or nano-pore structure in the anodized oxide film, e.g. pore arrangement or straightness, is considered to be important to improve the performance of electric devices etc. In this research, in order to obtain good arrangement and straightness and control of pore size, strong magnetic field and strong electric field imposition during anodization are conducted for Al and Ti under intense electric field and intense magnetic field imposition. Strong electric field can control the pore size and its distribution. Strong magnetic field can promote the metal substitution reaction and it also increase the metal anodizing. Furthermore, magnetic field has the possibility of ordering the pore arrangement in the anodized film.
Home, the Asylum, and the Workhouse in The Shadow of the Glen
Authors: Little James
Published: October 2016

This essay analyses J.M. Synge's construction of domestic and institutional space in his debut play The Shadow of the Glen. The Richmond Asylum and Rathdrum Union Workhouse, the two institutions of confinement which are mentioned in the play, are seen as playing important roles in constructing a threatening offstage space beyond the cottage walls. The essay reads Nora's departure from the home at the end of the play as an eviction into this hostile environment, thereby challenging the dominant interpretation of The Shadow as a woman's choice between her home and the road. By drawing on historical research and Synge's travel writing to delineate contemporary attitudes towards the asylum and the workhouse, the essay aims to provide a deeper understanding of the play's dynamics of place.
Abnihilization of the Etym: Joyce, Rutherford, and Particle Physics
Authors: Duszenko Andrzej
Published: October 2016

This essay examines one of Joyce's references to new physics in Finnegans Wake: the allusion to Ernest Rutherford in the opening section of the third chapter of Book II. The composition of Finnegans Wake coincided with the development of the theory of relativity and quantum physics, which resulted in a variety of references to these new scientific developments in the book. The essay argues that among the many Wakean passages referring to new physics, the allusion to Rutherford stands out by virtue of being personal in nature and broad in references. The analysis of the linguistic transformations in the text of the passage suggests that Joyce saw a parallel between the work of the man who ‘split the atom’ and two aspects of his own work: the constant pattern of death and rebirth which is fundamental to the world described in Finnegans Wake, and his own lexical practice in creating a new kind of language to describe that world. References to quantum mechanics in the Rutherford passage are blended with allusions to relativity, the second component of new physics, and the text is placed in a cluster of other references to various elements of the subatomic world.
‘The far-off hills of the imagination’: W.R. Rodgers and the Second World War
Authors: Smith Amy
Published: October 2016

According to most accounts of the literary history of Northern Ireland, the flourishing of poetry during the late 1960s marked a radical departure from the creative stagnation of the preceding decades; Heaney, Mahon, Longley, and others sought to establish poetic roots in a relatively barren landscape. In this essay I challenge such preconceptions by exploring aspects of a loosely-formed coterie of poets who lived and wrote in Northern Ireland during the Second World War. Perhaps the most popular figure within this group was the Presbyterian minister W.R. Rodgers, whose neo-romantic idiom and Audenesque ideas received many favourable reviews throughout Britain and Ireland. Focusing on Rodgers, I identify the central concerns which united an otherwise diverse group of writers: left-wing political conviction and a desire to see radical social change. In Rodgers's poetry, this theme is communicated through his repeated use of the symbol of the airman.
From Brigit to Bailegangaire : The Development of Tom Murphy's Mommo Trilogy
Authors: Richards Shaun
Published: October 2016

Tom Murphy's Bailegangaire, premiered by Druid Theatre, Galway, in 1985 has its origins in a three-part TV drama which Murphy started planning in 1981. Of the three scripts only one, Brigit, was screened by RTÉ in 1988, The Contest became A Thief of a Christmas which was staged by the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, in 1988, and Mommo, the last of the projected trilogy, became Bailegangaire. In 2014, nearly 30 years after its premiere, Druid staged Bailegangaire in tandem with Brigit which Murphy had reworked for the theatre, a pairing which, in bringing the fraught relationship of Mommo and her husband, Seamus, to the fore, helped clarify the grounds of the trauma informing her endless, but never completed narrative. This essay uses Murphy's notebooks and drafts, along with a comparison of Brigit in both its TV and theatre forms, to show how Murphy progressively refined Bailegangaire into a drama whose causal chain stretches back to psychological states forged under the stresses of the Irish Famine.
Fashion in Jean Rhys/Jean Rhys in Fashion
Authors: Oliver Sophie
Published: October 2016

This article proposes a reciprocal relationship between Jean Rhys's interwar fiction and the mass media that popularised her work in the 1960s and 1970s. Surveying the signs that Rhys and her writing had become fashionable – for example, press reviews and profiles, including in colour supplements and fashion magazines (even her own shoot), along with television adaptations of the work she wrote or set in the 1930s – the piece discusses how her postwar ‘readers’ interpreted this literature of an earlier period in a way that made sense of their own era. It argues that this use of the past to understand the contemporary moment follows the logic of fashion's cyclical temporality, and that it was prefigured in the fashion-conscious, modernist short stories of Rhys's first publication, The Left Bank (1927). The article ultimately suggests that Rhys's work was subject to fashion, an eventuality that it had always envisaged.
‘A New Order is Being Created’: Domestic Modernism in 1930s Britain
Authors: Moore Daniel
Published: October 2016

This article addresses the attempts in Britain in the 1930s to integrate modernist aesthetics with the home. A number of initiatives during this period were directed towards improving both standards of living and the public's taste: arising from exposure to continental modernism (Adolf Loos, Le Corbusier) and with a fervent belief in the democratisation of the living space, innovators such as Wells Coates, Jack and Molly Pritchard, and Maxwell Fry sought to re-invent the home for the twentieth century. The results were often short-lived, and in some cases, abject failures. Yet the negotiations that these designers, architects, and visionaries made between high-minded aesthetics and the practicalities of quotidian British life reveal much about standards of taste during the 1930s. This article takes two case studies in detail: The Lawn Road Flats – the Isokon Building – in Hampstead, London, and the activities of the Design and Industries Association (DIA). In doing so, I chart the ways in which interior design developed in Britain during the decade before the outbreak of World War Two, and explore how small-scale, short-lived activities in this period laid the foundations for a flowering of new modes of living post-1945.
Physics of our Days: Cooling and thermometry of atomic Fermi gases
Authors: Onofrio R
Published: October 2016

We review the status of cooling techniques aimed at achieving the deepest quantum degeneracy for atomic Fermi gases. We first discuss some physics motivations, providing a quantitative assessment of the need for deep quantum degeneracy in relevant physics cases, such as the search for unconventional superfluid states. Attention is then focused on the most widespread technique to reach deep quantum degeneracy for Fermi systems, sympathetic cooling of Bose–Fermi mixtures, organizing the discussion according to the specific species involved. Various proposals to circumvent some of the limitations on achieving the deepest Fermi degeneracy, and their experimental realizations, are then reviewed. Finally, we discuss the extension of these techniques to optical lattices and the implementation of precision thermometry crucial to the understanding of the phase diagram of classical and quantum phase transitions in Fermi gases.
Thin current sheets: from the work of Ginzburg and Syrovatskii to the present day
Authors: Zelenyi L M , Malova H V , Grigorenko E E , Yu Popov V
Published: October 2016

We outline the history and development of the theory of thin current sheets in a collisionless space plasma from the early ideas of V L Ginzburg and S I Syrovatskii to the present day. We review the key achievements of the quasi-adiabatic theory, which provided insight into the fine structure of thin current sheets and enabled a comparison with experiment. This comparison showed the quasi-adiabatic approach to be more effective than the classical MHD approximation. With the development of the quasi-adiabatic theory in the last two decades, the existence of a number of new thin current sheet features, such as multi-scaling, metastability, and embedding, has been predicted and subsequently confirmed in situ; the role of individual particle populations in the formation of the current sheet fine structure has also been investigated. The role of nonadiabatic effects in accelerating plasma beamlets interacting with current sheets is examined. Asymmetry mechanisms in thin current sheets in the presence of a magnetic shear component are described. A study is carried out of current sheet self-organization processes leading to the formation of a shear magnetic component consistent with currents flowing in the plasma. It is demonstrated that the ongoing development of the theory of thin current structures is a logical continuation of Syrovatskii’s and Ginzburg’s ideas on cosmic rays and reconnected current sheets in the solar corona.
Dynamic properties of ionospheric plasma turbulence driven by high-power high-frequency radiowaves
Authors: Grach S M , Sergeev E N , Mishin E V , Shindin A V
Published: October 2016

A review is given of the current state-of-the-art of experimental studies and the theoretical understanding of nonlinear phenomena that occur in the ionospheric F-layer irradiated by high-power high-frequency ground-based transmitters. The main focus is on the dynamic features of high-frequency turbulence (plasma waves) and low-frequency turbulence (density irregularities of various scales) that have been studied in experiments at the Sura and HAARP heating facilities operated in temporal and frequency regimes specially designed with consideration of the characteristic properties of nonlinear processes in the perturbed ionosphere using modern radio receivers and optical instruments. Experimental results are compared with theoretical turbulence models for a magnetized collisional plasma in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, allowing the identification of the processes responsible for the observed features of artificial ionospheric turbulence.
Horse Injury during Non-Commercial Transport: Findings from Researcher-Assisted Intercept Surveys at Southeastern Australian Equestrian Events
Authors: Riley Christopher , Noble Belinda , Bridges Janis , Hazel Susan , Thompson Kirrilly
Published: October 2016

Equine transportation research has largely focused on the commercial land movement of horses. Data on the incidence and factors associated with horse injuries during non-commercial transportation (privately owned horse trucks and trailers) is scant. This study surveyed 223 drivers transporting horses to 12 equestrian events in southeastern Australia. Data collected encompassed driver demographics, travel practice, vehicle characteristics, and incidents involving horse injury. Approximately 25% (55/223) of participants reported that their horses were injured during transportation. Of these 72% were owner classified as horse associated (scrambling, slipping and horse-horse interaction), 11% due to mechanical failure, and 6% due to driver error. Horse injury was not significantly associated with driver age, gender, or experience. Participants that answer the telephone whilst driving were more likely to have previously had a horse injured ( p = 0.04). There was a trend for participants with <8 hours sleep prior to the survey to have experienced a previous transportation-related injury ( p = 0.056). Increased trailer age was associated with a greater number of injury reports (r² = 0.20; p < 0.04). The diversity in trailer models prevented identification of the importance of individual design features. This study highlights the potential for horses to sustain transportation injuries in privately owned vehicles and warrants further study to address this risk to their welfare.
Vitamin E, Turmeric and Saffron in Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Adalier Nur , Parker Heath
Published: October 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing epidemic and currently there is no cure for the disease. The disease has a detrimental effect on families and will strain the economy and health care systems of countries worldwide. The paper provides a literature review on a few ongoing possible antioxidant therapy treatments for the disease. The paper highlights use of vitamin E, turmeric and saffron for an alternative antioxidant therapy approach. Clinical studies report their therapeutic abilities as protective agents for nerve cells against free radical damage, moderating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reducing neurodegeneration, which are found as key factors in Alzheimer’s. The paper suggests that future research, with more clinical trials focused on more natural approaches and their benefits for AD treatment could be worthwhile.
Residual Stress, Defects and Grain Morphology of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment Assisted Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Zhang Meixia , Liu Changmeng , Shi Xuezhi , Chen Xianping , Chen Cheng , Zuo Jianhua , Lu Jiping , Ma Shuyuan
Published: October 2016

For large-scale selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology, three main problems severely restrict its development and application, namely the residual stress, defects, and columnar grains with anisotropy. To overcome these problems, a new method is proposed by combining SLM with ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) technique. This study explores the feasibility of UIT assisted SLM, as well as the effect of UIT on the residual stress, defects and β grains of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sample. The results indicate that after the application of UIT during SLM, residual stress can be largely reduced and defects can be hammered flat and even eliminated. Meanwhile, the epitaxial growth of columnar grains is prevented, and fine equiaxed grains are formed due to plastic deformation and recrystallization.