bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les résonances d’un massacre protestant. Scandales et silences dans les historiographies confessionnelles de la Michelade (XVIe–XXIe siècles)
Authors: Ropp Laurent
Published: May 2024

Perpétrée à Nîmes par des calvinistes en 1567, la Michelade est l’un des massacres les plus connus commis en France pendant les guerres de Religion. Afin de mettre en lumière ses représentations sur le long terme, cet article examine les travaux des historiens catholiques et protestants publiés depuis le XVIe siècle sous l’angle du scandale et du silence. Il montre notamment que, jusqu’aux années 1680, les auteurs issus des deux confessions n’évoquent presque jamais l’épisode, avant que des catholiques ne commencent à le relater et à le condamner. L’opposition des deux historiographies perdure jusqu’aux années 1960. Depuis lors, la discrétion protestante et les dénonciations catholiques ont disparu des publications des universitaires.
Droits ou privilèges
Authors: Desbarres Guillaume
Published: May 2024

Durant la transition démocratique espagnole, des émigrés espagnols en France se structurent en associations afin de promouvoir une modalité spécifique de citoyenneté espagnole depuis l’étranger, en défendant collectivement le droit pour leurs enfants à bénéficier d’un enseignement en castillan assuré par des enseignants espagnols, afin de mieux prévoir un hypothétique retour au pays. D’abord encouragés par les institutions espagnoles, celles-ci se désengagent progressivement. Face à une réduction au silence, le scandale devient alors un moyen de défendre des droits, de dénoncer un abandon des institutions espagnoles mais aussi un moyen de délégitimation de la confédération associative.
From Hollywood to the Home Movie: Reclaiming the Image of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Film, 1894–1945
Authors: Lu Megan Hermida
Published: May 2024

The American film industry has a long and sustained history of silencing Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). This paper explores early Hollywood’s (pre-1950) erasure of these communities. It maps how popular narrative devices, such as the yellow peril, reflected contemporaneous bigotry and how institutional practices, such as yellowface, severely limited participation in the industry. Simultaneously, it explores how contemporaneous amateur filmmaking, including Dave Tatsuno’s footage during his incarceration in the Topaz War Relocation Center, complicates these narratives. Amateur filmmaking as a medium of self-representation provided AAPIs the opportunity to reclaim their image and reassert their voice.
Stratégies des jeunes femmes dans un milieu régional égyptien pour affirmer leur individualité vis-à-vis du discours dominant sur le mariage
Authors: Haroun Amal
Published: May 2024

Cet article aborde les stratégies des jeunes femmes progressistes dans un milieu régional égyptien, âgées de 20 à 40 ans, de formation universitaire, pour affirmer leur individualité vis-à-vis du discours conservateur dominant sur le mariage. Comment ces femmes, qui ont grandi dans un monde globalisé et un contexte local secoué par des mutations politiques et sociales et ayant un capital social considérable, un potentiel d’autonomie économique et de mobilité sociale, envisagent-elles le discours dominant, voulant que toute femme doive se marier ?

De quelle manière les dynamiques autour du mariage, qui reste central et représente la seule forme légitime du couple en Égypte, mènent-elles les vies des jeunes femmes ? Comment gèrent-elles les pressions sociales relatives au mariage et leurs aspirations individualistes, dans un contexte de chevauchement des dynamiques globales et locales ? Cet article avance que ces stratégies ont pour but de négocier un espace d’individualité qui repousse les bases du discours dominant sur le mariage dans une société où les élites politiques attachent la stabilité du pays à des représentations traditionnelles de ce que doit être la famille.
A Eclesiologia de São Boaventura de Bagnoregio no Hexaëmeron: seus traços na Lumen Gentium
Authors: Macumo Meque Augusto
Published: May 2024

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Este artigo apresenta a eclesiologia de S. Boaventura de Bagnoregio, doutor da Igreja, na sua obra Collationes in Hexaëmeron, e seus traços na Lumen Gentium, buscando assim colher as influências da eclesiologia bonaventuriana na eclesiologia conciliar. A eclesiologia de Boaventura é caracterizada por ser profundamente cristocêntica, bíblica e espiritual ou ascético-mística. Cristocêntrica (o que é característica de toda a obra teológica bonaventuriana), pois segundo ele na Igreja governa Cristo Pontífice, luz dos Povos, como dirá a Lumen Gentium, do qual a Igreja é como a lua que iluminada por este Sol, Cristo, ilumina, por sua vez, a todos os homens; bíblica, pois nesta obra ele compara as idades ou etapas da Igreja (desde Adão até Cristo) com os dias da criação. Para além disso, ele recorre diversas vezes à leitura simbólica dos textos bíblicos relativos à Igreja, na esteira dos Padres da Igreja; espiritual e ascético-mística, pois para ele a hierarquia celeste é iluminativa da Igreja militante. Ao celebrar-se no ano 2024 os 60 anos da constituição dogmática sobre a Igreja Lumen Gentium, um dos documentos basilares do Concílio Vaticano II, este artigo traz a contribuição eclesiológica deste ilustre teólogo do medievo, e demonstra como estes traços se encontram presentes neste documento conciliar, o qual se caracterizou, como se faz claro já no seu proêmio – onde se recorre a uma linguagem imagética e tipológica -, por um retorno aos Padres da Igreja e a alguns teólogos do medievo.
Lutero e a experiência do Abscôndito da Cruz
Authors: De Campos Fernando Batista , Duffeck Odilon , Duffeck Jéssica Lais Kriese
Published: May 2024

No final de abril de 1518, Lutero é convocado à cidade de Heidelberg. Lutero vai direto ao ponto e fala sobre a natureza de Deus e a natureza da criatura humana presa no pecado. Tais afirmações constituíram uma mudança no debate teológico ocidental, bem como a maneira de Deus lidar com o mal e o que significa ser “humano”. A Disputa de Heidelberg é considerada especial tanto histórica quanto teologicamente. Lutero buscou apresentar uma nova estrutura conceitual para pensar sobre Deus e a criatura humana. Ele forneceu uma nova base ou conjunto de pressupostos para proclamar a mensagem do Evangelho. Este artigo aborda o aspecto profundo da teologia da cruz (Theologia Crucis) de Lutero, trazendo à tona sua necessidade de buscar um equilíbrio entre o racional e o existencial na vida cristã.
Periaqueductal gray activates antipredatory neural responses in the amygdala of foraging rats
Authors: Kim Eun Joo , Kong Mi-Seon , Park Sanggeon , Cho Jeiwon , Kim Jeansok J.
Published: May 2024

Pavlovian fear conditioning research suggests that the interaction between the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) acts as a prediction error mechanism in the formation of associative fear memories. However, their roles in responding to naturalistic predatory threats, characterized by less explicit cues and the absence of reiterative trial-and-error learning events, remain unexplored. In this study, we conducted single-unit recordings in rats during an ‘approach food-avoid predator’ task, focusing on the responsiveness of dPAG and BLA neurons to a looming robot predator. Optogenetic stimulation of the dPAG triggered fleeing behaviors and increased BLA activity in naive rats. Notably, BLA neurons activated by dPAG stimulation displayed immediate responses to the robot, demonstrating heightened synchronous activity compared to BLA neurons that did not respond to dPAG stimulation. Additionally, the use of anterograde and retrograde tracer injections into the dPAG and BLA, respectively, coupled with c-Fos activation in response to predatory threats, indicates that the midline thalamus may play an intermediary role in innate antipredatory defensive functioning.
Extant cartilaginous fishes share trabecular and areolar mineralization patterns, but not tesserae, and evidence for a paedomorphic chimaera skeleton
Authors: Atake Oghenevwogaga J. , Berio Fidji , Debiais-Thibaud Melanie , Eames B. Frank
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive study is lacking that clearly defines and directly compares the diverse mineralized endoskeletal tissues exhibited by extant chondrichthyans (elasmobranchs, such as sharks and skates, and holocephalans, such as chimaeras). Tiles of mineralized polygonal structures called tesserae occur at cartilage surfaces in chondrichthyans, but recent studies showing trabecular structures suggest that tesserae are not as common as previously thought. A specific region of tesserae termed cap zone and continuous (not tiled) mineralized elasmobranch neural arches demonstrate bone-like tissues. Areolar mineralized tissue in elasmobranchs is generally considered a unique chondrichthyan feature. Despite these reports, it remains unclear what mineralized endoskeletal features define extant chondrichthyans. To address this question, adult skeletal tissues in two elasmobranchs (little skate and small-spotted catshark) and a chimaera (spotted ratfish) were characterized using synchrotron radiation and desktop micro-CT imaging, and histological and immunofluorescent assays. Data from these extant chondrichthyan representatives suggested that trabecular and areolar mineralization, but not tesserae and bone-like tissues, are shared features of the extant chondrichthyan endoskeleton. Interestingly, three separate analyses argued that the chimaera endoskeleton retains ancestral embryonic features (i.e., paedomorphic). This study further proposes general terminology for character states of the extant chondrichthyan endoskeleton and infers those states in ancestral chondrichthyans.
Fractal cycles of sleep, a new aperiodic activity-based definition of sleep cycles
Authors: Rosenblum Yevgenia , Jafarzadeh Esfahani Mahdad , Adelhöfer Nico , Zerr Paul , Furrer Melanie , Huber Reto , Roest Famke F , Steiger Axel , Zeising Marcel , Horváth Csenge G , Schneider Bence , Bódizs Róbert , Dresler Martin
Published: May 2024

Sleep cycles are defined as episodes of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep followed by an episode of REM sleep. Fractal or aperiodic neural activity is a well-established marker of arousal and sleep stages measured using electroencephalography. We introduce a new concept of ‘fractal cycles’ of sleep, defined as a time interval during which time series of fractal activity descend to their local minimum and ascend to the next local maximum. We assess correlations between fractal and classical (i.e. non-REM – REM) sleep cycle durations and study cycles with skipped REM sleep. The sample comprised 205 healthy adults, 21 children and adolescents and 111 patients with depression. We found that fractal and classical cycle durations (89±34 vs 90±25 min) correlated positively (r=0.5, p<0.001). Children and adolescents had shorter fractal cycles than young adults (76±34 vs 94±32 min). The fractal cycle algorithm detected cycles with skipped REM sleep in 91–98% of cases. Medicated patients with depression showed longer fractal cycles compared to their unmedicated state (107±51 vs 92±38 min) and age-matched controls (104±49 vs 88±31 min). In conclusion, fractal cycles are an objective, quantifiable, continuous and biologically plausible way to display sleep neural activity and its cycles.
Gênero e educação infantil: atravessamentos e olhares docentes
Authors: Mendes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Martins Ana Carolina Borges Leão , Silva Lucas Silveira da , Souza Shyrlane do Nascimento
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os conceitos de docentes da Educação Infantil de um município do interior do estado do Ceará acerca da categoria Gênero e as reverberações dessa dinâmica na prática pedagógica. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que buscou compreender aspectos ligados ao campo da Educação, tendo como cenário um Centro de Educação Infantil. Os participantes da investigação foram cinco professoras, como estratégia de coleta de dados, utilizou-se o Grupo Focal, cujo corpus foi analisado através da Análise de Discurso numa perspectiva foucaultiana, a qual articula as categorias social, ideológica e histórica. Os resultados apontam que, apesar da força do discurso ultraconservador no contexto político-social brasileiro, observou-se, através do relato das educadoras, que as crianças furam a lógica da proibição através da atividade lúdica. Assim, a categoria Gênero, concebida e materializada pelo discurso hegemônico, será impactada pelo comportamento das crianças que burlam as fronteiras traçadas pelos adultos, visto que os atores da infância demonstram outras possibilidades de performar Gênero. Conclui-se que os conceitos observados no discurso das docentes demonstram a importância de uma formação continuada mais progressista e alinhada a pautas sociais que reverberam na escola.
Alcohol home delivery usage and its relationship to alcohol consumption in New South Wales during COVID-19
Authors: Willoughby Breanna , Anderson-Luxford Dan , Mojica-Perez Yvette , Wilkinson Claire , Kowalski Michala , Vuong Thu , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Callinan Sarah , Ritter Alison
Published: May 2024

Background: Rapid growth in the use of alcohol home delivery services, combined with increases in home drinking during COVID-19, raises potential concerns around increased consumption. This paper aims to assess the relationship between alcohol home delivery use and consumption across levels of COVID-19 restrictions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
Methods: A 5-wave longitudinal survey of 586 NSW residents (Mage = 35; 65.3% female)  conveniently sampled across 2020. Home delivery usage and the number of daily standard drinks consumed during a typical week were assessed with a survey. Logistic regression models were estimated within each wave to identify predictors of home delivery usage, and hierarchical logistic mixed effects models were estimated to predict purchase source (home delivery vs other) at the occasion level.
Results: From baseline, alcohol home delivery use rose significantly during lockdown (20% to 34%), with respondents using home delivery during lockdown and the partial re-opening wave consuming significantly more than those who were not. Use of home delivery was significantly higher during lockdown and the partial re-opening amongst people who drank more heavily, with respondents aged 36 or older more likely to use delivery services in all waves except lockdown.
Conclusions: Alcohol home delivery usage increased during lockdown suggesting restrictions impeding on-premise consumption coincided with an increase in home delivery. Associations between persons who drink more heavily and use of home delivery during lockdown and the partial re-opening suggest a subset of the population that may be at increased risk of harmful consumption when accessing alcohol delivery services.
Early Stage Responses of Jute, Kenaf and Mesta in Arsenic Contamination Soil
Authors: Jiku Md. Abu Syem , Islam Md. Kamrul , Roy Madhuri Rani , Prince Md. Asif Adnan , Sharmin Shaila , Nasrin Shamima , Karim Md. Jahidul
Published: May 2024

A pot experiment conducted at BJRI (Bangladesh Jute Research Institute) in Dhaka from September to December 2023 assessed the responses of Jute, Kenaf, and Mesta to arsenic-contaminated soil. Arsenic (As) poses environmental hazards and toxicity. BJRI Deshi Pat 7, BJRI Kenaf-2 (HC-95) and BJRI Mesta-2 (VM-1) were grown for 42 days in 36 pots with four treatment levels of As (0 ml/L, 10 ml/L, 20 ml/L, and 30 ml/L) with four replications each. Results indicate Kenaf and Mesta demonstrated high potential to tolerate As toxicity with no significant effects on survivability. However, root length, shoot length, dry weight, fresh weight and bio-concentration factor decreased with increasing As treatment levels. The translocation factor indicated slow translocation from root to shoot, increasing with As concentration. BJRI Kenaf-2 (HC-95) accumulated the highest As (16.5 ml/L) at 30 ml/L As. BJRI Deshi Pat 7 and BJRI Mesta-2 (VM-1) showed good biomass production and low phytotoxicity to As making them suitable for cultivation in As-prone areas. BJRI Kenaf-2 (HC-95) exhibited the highest response to As at early growth stages, with the order of As absorption and tolerance potentiality being BJRI Kenaf-2 (HC-95) > BJRI Mesta-2 (VM-1) >BJRI Deshi Pat 7. These varieties are recommended for cultivation in As-contaminated soil.
Pericardial Effusion as an Early Indicator of Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Case Report
Authors: Abdalani Badr , Moufid Omar , Amri Meriem , Obeidat Saleh , Assklou A. , Benouna M. GH. , Drighil A. , Habbal R.
Published: May 2024

Background: Pericardial effusion, though uncommon, poses a significant threat to patient well-being, particularly when associated with underlying malignancies such as breast cancer recurrence. Timely recognition and intervention are crucial for improved prognosis and patient outcomes.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with a history of treated breast cancer who presented with rapidly worsening dyspnea. Clinical examination and diagnostic tests revealed a large pericardial effusion secondary to breast cancer recurrence, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with this condition.
Discussion: Breast cancer recurrence involving the pericardium signifies advanced disease and presents significant management complexities. Evaluation typically involves transthoracic echocardiography and pericardiocentesis, with treatment strategies focusing on systemic chemotherapy and symptom management.
Conclusion: Pericardial effusion can serve as an early indicator of breast cancer recurrence and requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Early recognition and intervention are paramount in improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
The Study Evaluated the Potential Viability of Seeds from Various Types of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Goyal Girish , Shukla Shwetank , Srivastava Shubham Kumar , Diwakar Anand Kumar , Tripathi Sanjay Kumar , Bhati Jitender , Saini Pradip Kumar
Published: May 2024

Rice, a crucial staple crop for global food security, requires efficient production to meet the nutritional needs of an expanding population. Seed vigour is a crucial aspect of seed quality, and ANDUAT has introduced rice cultivars designed for the agricultural terrain of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology in India. This approach aims to improve seed vigour and quality in response to changing agro-climatic conditions. The study used a completely randomised design to assess seed vigour using various metrics such as electrical conductivity, field emergence, radicle emergence time, mean germination time, germination percentage, speed of emergence, shoot length, root length, days to first count, and days to final count. The study's findings revealed that rice types were categorized into three based on seed vigour. Eleven seeds showed varying levels of seed vigour potential, ranging from high to medium to low, NDR-359, IR-64, Damini, Sarjoo-52, Nagina-22, DRR-44, Barani Deep, Varalu, Lalat, NDR-2065 and NDR-2064. The study provides eleven categories for informed decision-making in seed management and cultivation, highlighting the suitability of high-vigor varieties for direct planting and improving agricultural yield.
Influence of Zinc and Humic Acid Application on Growth Parameter, Yield and Yield Components and Quality Traits of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: S. S. Mane , S. K. Ugile , A. A. Chaudhari , B. A. Handebar
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season during 2021-22 on the field at village Ap-Sonalagi Tq-Jath Dist- Sangli of Maharashtra through Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry College of Agriculture, Badnapur, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, with objectives, to study the influence of zinc and humic acid application on growth parameter, yield and yield components and quality traits of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) The field trial was conducted in Randomized Block Design with five treatments (T1): RDF (25:50:00 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), (T2): RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹, (T3): RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹ + Humic Acid @ 5 kg ha-¹, (T4): RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹ + Humic Acid @ 10 kg ha-¹, (T5) RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹ + Humic Acid @ 15 kg ha-¹ with four replications.According to the results obtained by the field investigation clearly indicated that the significantly higher plant height (44.50 cm), maximum number of branches plant-1 (9.10), number of pods plant-1 (26.15) and grain and straw yield (1305.00 and 2190.00 kg ha-1) at harvest stage were observed in treatment (T5) RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹ + Humic Acid @ 15 kg ha-¹. In grain quality the results revealed that higher protein content (22.15%) and test weight (43.05 g) was also found in the same treatment i.e., (T5) RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-¹ + Humic Acid @ 15 kg ha- ¹ (22.15%).
Analysis of DNA Replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Two‐Dimensional and Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Ide Satoru , Kobayashi Takehiko
Published: December 2010

Two methods to analyze DNA replication in budding yeast are described here. One is two‐dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, which has been used to analyze replication intermediates in yeast. The other method is pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) that monitors the replication status of a chromosome. These are convenient and easy, and they do not require specialized equipment. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 49:22.14.1‐22.14.12. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Ordered Nanometer‐Scale Chemical and Protein Patterns by Binary Colloidal Crystal Lithography Combined with Plasma Polymerization
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Griesser Hans J. , Bremmell Kristen , Kingshott Peter
Published: December 2010

Surfaces with micro‐ and nanometer‐scale patterns have many potential applications, particularly in lifescience. This article reports on a versatile, straightforward, and inexpensive approach for the creation of chemical patterns using fabricated binary colloid crystals, consisting of small and large particles, as masks for the deposition of an amino‐functionalised ultrathin film by plasma polymerization. After removal of the binary colloidal mask, the characterization techniques [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)] reveal a surface contrast that depicts an ability of the small particles to allow diffusion of the plasma to the substrate. A plasma‐polymer film is created under the small particles and the region of substrate in direct contact with the large particle remains uncoated. Numerous types of patterns and feature heights can be produced with good fidelity over areas of several cm2 by appropriate tuning of the binary colloid crystal mask morphology and the plasma‐polymer deposition time. Finally, the amine groups of the patterned surface are used for covalent grafting poly(ethylene glycol) propionaldehyde (PEG‐PALD) by reductive amination under conditions of reduced solubility to produce a patterned surface for directed adsorption of protein. AFM investigations show that the proteins are preferentially attached to the nanometer‐scale regions of the pattern without PEG‐PALD.
Edible Electronics: Biocompatible and Biodegradable Materials for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2010)
Authors: Irimia‐Vladu Mihai , Troshin Pavel A. , Reisinger Melanie , Shmygleva Lyuba , Kanbur Yasin , Schwabegger Günther , Bodea Marius , Schwödiauer Reinhard , Mumyatov Alexander , Fergus Jeffrey W. , Razumov Vladimir F. , Sitter Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Bauer Siegfried
Published: December 2010

Biocompatible‐ingestible electronic circuits and capsules for medical diagnosis and monitoring are currently based on traditional silicon technology. Organic electronics has huge potential for developing biodegradable, biocompatible, bioresorbable, or even metabolizable products. An ideal pathway for such electronic devices involves fabrication with materials from nature, or materials found in common commodity products. Transistors with an operational voltage as low as 4–5 V, a source drain current of up to 0.5 μA and an on‐off ratio of 3–5 orders of magnitude have been fabricated with such materials. This work comprises steps towards environmentally safe devices in low‐cost, large volume, disposable or throwaway electronic applications, such as in food packaging, plastic bags, and disposable dishware. In addition, there is significant potential to use such electronic items in biomedical implants.
Ionic Nanosystems: Large Space‐Charge Effects in a Nanostructured Proton Conductor (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2010)
Authors: Haverkate Lucas A. , Chan Wing K. , Mulder Fokko M.
Published: December 2010

Decreasing the dimensions of heterogeneous mixtures of ionic conductors towards the nanoscale results in ionic conduction enhancements, caused by the increased influence of the interfacial space‐charge regions. For a composite of TiO2 anatase and solid acid CsHSO4, the strong enhancement of the ionic conductivity at the nanoscale also can be assigned to this space‐charge effect. Surprisingly high hydrogen concentrations in the order of 1021 cm−3 in TiO2 are measured, which means that about 10% of the available sites for H+ ions are filled on average. Such high concentrations require a specific elaboration of the space‐charge model that is explicitly performed here, by taking account of the large occupation numbers on the exhaustible sites. It is shown that ionic defects with negative formation enthalpy reach extremely high concentrations near the interfaces and throughout the material. By performing first‐principles density functional theory calculations, it is found that proton insertion from CsHSO4 into the TiO2 particles is preferred compared to neutral hydrogen atom insertion and indeed that the formation enthalpy is negative. Moreover, the average proton fractions in TiO2, estimated by the theoretical ionic density profiles, are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
The Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome: A clinical case and a detective story
Authors: Gurrieri F. , Pomponi M.G. , Pietrobono R. , Lucci‐Cordisco E. , Silvestri E. , Storniello G. , Neri G.
Published: December 2010

The Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an overgrowth condition comprising “coarseness” of facial traits, supernumerary nipples, congenital heart defects, polydactyly and fingernail hypoplasia, and an increased risk of neonatal death and later neoplasia. Psychomotor development is usually normal. The syndrome is caused by mutation/deletion of the X‐linked gene GPC3. We describe a new case of SGBS, that led to the discovery of an extended family segregating a GPC3 mutation and, ultimately, of an affected relative forgotten, but not lost, in an anatomical museum, where he was classified as a macrosomic newborn, who was born probably around 1940 and died neonatally of unknown cause. This baby boy becomes the oldest case of SGBS on record. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female philopatry and dominance patterns in wild geladas
Authors: le Roux Aliza , Beehner Jacinta C. , Bergman Thore J.
Published: December 2010

Cercopithecines have a highly conserved social structure with strong female bonds and stable, maternally inherited linear dominance hierarchies. This system has been ascribed to the pervasiveness of female philopatry within the typical multi‐male, multi‐female social groups. We examined the relationship between female philopatry, dominance hierarchies, and reproduction in geladas (Theropithecus gelada), a species with an unusual multi‐leveled society. During a 4‐year field study on a wild population in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, we observed 14 units across two bands of geladas that underwent a number of events, such as male takeovers and female deaths, which could potentially disrupt female relationships and unit structure. First, we corroborate earlier reports that gelada females are natally philopatric: we observed no interunit migrations, and the female mortality rate was comparable to that of philopatric baboons (suggesting all female disappearances were indeed deaths). Second, contrary to previous reports, data from this long‐term study show that geladas exhibit the linear and stable dominance hierarchies typical of other Cercopithecines. Moreover, female ranks appear to be maternally inherited. Third, we found no evidence that alpha females aggressively target the lowest ranking individuals, nor did rank confer clear reproductive advantages to dominant females within our 4‐year observation period. As such, geladas fit the allostatic load model [Goymann & Wingfield, Animal Behaviour 67:591–602, 2004]. Our study confirms the importance of female philopatry in the kin‐based Cercopithecine dominance system. Am. J. Primatol. 73:422–430, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the cross‐linking process on the electrical resistivity and shape‐memory behavior of cross‐linked carbon black filled ethylene‐octene copolymer
Authors: Le Hai Hong , Ali Zulfiqar , Uthardt Mathias , Ilisch Sybill , Radusch Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2010

The electrical resistance of carbon black (CB) filled ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC) was monitored during the compression molding step by means of conductivity sensors. It increases strongly during the cross‐linking process due to the de‐agglomeration of CB aggregates. After completion of cross‐linking reaction CB aggregates reagglomerate causing a decay of resistance. The electrically stimulated shape‐memory (SM) behavior was found to be strongly dependent on the extent of electrical resistivity and the rigidity of CB network, which is formed during compounding and subsequent cross‐linking process. The effect of amount of peroxide and cross‐linking conditions like time and temperature on resistivity and the related SM behavior was characterized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of novel optically active polyesters with high thermal stability
Authors: Ehsani Sara , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Mahmoodi Ali
Published: December 2010

A new optically active diacid (DA) was prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction of R‐(−)‐mandelic acid with terephthaloyl chloride in the presence of potassium hydroxide. This DA named terephthalic acid bis(carboxyphenylmethyl) ester was used as a monomer for the preparation of related optically active polyesters. Polycondensation of DA with different aromatic diols, including hydroquinone, 1,5‐dihydroxy naphthalene, 1,4‐dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8‐dihydroxy anthraquinone, 2,4‐dihydroxy benzophenone, and bisphenol A, in the presence of 4‐toluenesulfonyl chloride using high temperature solution method led to preparation of different polyesters. The prepared monomer and all the polymers were characterized by conventional methods. Thermal and physical properties of the polyesters, including thermal stability, thermal behavior, solution viscosity, and solubility behavior, in addition to optical activity were studied. The optically active polyesters showed high thermal stability, whereas the presence of bulky groups improved their solubility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrospun poly(L‐lactide)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blend fibers and their cellular response to adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Liao Gui‐Ying , Chen Liang , Zeng Xiao‐Yong , Zhou Xing‐Ping , Xie Xiao‐Lin , Peng E‐Jun , Ye Zhang‐Qun , Mai Yiu‐Wing
Published: December 2010

Polymer blending is one of the most effective methods for providing new, desirable biocomposites for tissue‐engineering applications. In this study, electrospun poly(L‐lactide)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) blend fibrous membranes with defect‐free morphology and uniform diameter were optimally prepared by a 1 : 1 ratio of PLLA/PCL blend under a solution concentration of 10 wt %, an applied voltage of 20 kV, and a tip‐to‐collector distance of 15 cm. The fibrous membranes also showed a porous structure and high ductility. Because of the rapid solidification of polymer solution during electrospinning, the crystallinity of electrospun PLLA/PCL blend fibers was much lower than that of the PLLA/PCL blend cast film. To obtain an initial understanding of biocompatibility, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) were used as seed cells to assess the cellular response, including morphology, proliferation, viability, attachment, and multilineage differentiation on the PLLA/PCL blend fibrous scaffold. Because of the good biocompatibility and nontoxic effect on ADSCs, the PLLA/PCL blend electrospun fibrous membrane provided a high‐performance scaffold for feasible application in tissue engineering using ADSCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Conversational gestures in autism spectrum disorders: Asynchrony but not decreased frequency
Authors: de Marchena Ashley , Eigsti Inge‐Marie
Published: December 2010

Conversational or “co‐speech” gestures play an important role in communication, facilitating turntaking, providing visuospatial information, clarifying subtleties of emphasis, and other pragmatic cues. Consistent with other pragmatic language deficits, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are said to produce fewer conversational gestures, as specified in many diagnostic measures. Surprisingly, while research shows fewer deictic gestures in young children with ASD, there is a little empirical evidence addressing other forms of gesture. The discrepancy between clinical and empirical observations may reflect impairments unrelated to frequency, such as gesture quality or integration with speech. Adolescents with high‐functioning ASD (n=15), matched on age, gender, and IQ to 15 typically developing (TD) adolescents, completed a narrative task to assess the spontaneous production of speech and gesture. Naïve observers rated the stories for communicative quality. Overall, the ASD group's stories were rated as less clear and engaging. Although utterance and gesture rates were comparable, the ASD group's gestures were less closely synchronized with the co‐occurring speech, relative to control participants. This gesture–speech synchrony specifically impacted communicative quality across participants. Furthermore, while story ratings were associated with gesture count in TD adolescents, no such relationship was observed in adolescents with ASD, suggesting that gestures do not amplify communication in this population. Quality ratings were, however, correlated with ASD symptom severity scores, such that participants with fewer ASD symptoms were rated as telling higher quality stories. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of communication and neuropsychological functioning in ASD.
Warum töten Menschen Menschen? Soziobiologie
Authors: Oehler Jochen
Published: December 2010

Im Tierreich sind Gewalt einschließende Verhaltensweisen primär dem agonistischen Verhalten zuzuordnen, dass im Wettbewerb um individuelle und soziale Ressourcen dienlich ist. Agonistische Verhaltensweisen scheinen auch zur Natur des Menschen zu gehören, wie in unterschiedlichen sozialen Konfliktsituationen offensichtlich wird, aber es ist in breiterem Maße modifizierbar durch verschiedene Lernprozesse. Im Verlaufe der komplexen soziokulturellen Entwicklung des Menschen sind auch die Konflikt‐ und Wettbewerbsfelder entstanden, die zur Entwicklung kriegerischer Strategien geführt haben. In einer humanistisch orientierten Gesellschaft muss daher dem Beziehungsgefüge von phylogenetischem Erbe und humanistischem Anspruch deutlich mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden, um zur Vermeidung zukünftig zu erwartender Konfliktfelder beizutragen.
Micropeptide als Gen‐Regulatoren
Authors: Brennicke Axel
Published: December 2010

In den vergangenen Jahren entdeckte man immer neue Funktionen von RNA‐Molekülen: von Ribozymen über microRNAs (miRNAs) bis zu kleinen inhibitorischen RNAs (siRNAs). Jetzt kommen die ersten Beispiele von kleinen Proteinen hinzu, die in RNAs codiert werden, die bislang als “nutzlos” galten.
Mausmodell für Morbus Crohn
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: December 2010

Warum wird ein Mensch krank, während ein anderer trotz vergleichbarer Lebensweise gesund bleibt? Eine Antwort auf diese Frage ist der Schlüssel zur personalisierten Medizin. Variationen einzelner Gene erhöhen das Erkrankungsrisiko, aber erst bestimmte Umweltbedingungen lassen die Krankheit ausbrechen. Das Zusammenspiel dieser inneren und äußeren Faktoren ist noch weitgehend unbekannt. Bei Morbus Crohn, einer chronischen Entzündung des Verdauungskanals, könnten unerkannte Virusinfektionen eine Rolle spielen.
TPD‐TG‐MS Investigations of the Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol over MOx‐Al2O3‐PO4 Catalysts
Authors: Suprun W. , Lutecki M. , Papp H.
Published: December 2010

The catalytic performance of bifunctional catalysts, MOx‐Al2O3‐PO4, that contain acidic centers and different transition metal oxide components were evaluated in the gas‐phase dehydration of glycerol using the TPD‐TG‐MS technique and a continuous flow reactor experiment. The initial catalytic activity and selectivity to acrolein and acetol significantly depends on the acidity and the type of transition metal oxide. The higher the total acidity, the higher the acrolein selectivity in the order W > Mo > Cu > V~ Fe ~Cr > Ce. On the other hand, Mn‐, Cr‐, and Fe‐containing catalysts favor the formation of products of oxidative C‐C cleavage. TPD‐TG‐MS investigations of catalysts loaded with glycerol are useful tools for fast‐screening of initial activities of catalysts in the gas‐phase dehydration of glycerol.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasts in Structural and Bonding Representations among Polar Intermetallic Compounds. Strongly Differentiated Hamilton Populations for Three Related Condensed Cluster Halides of the Rare‐Earth Elements.
Authors: Gupta Shalabh , Meyer Gerd , Corbett John D.
Published: December 2010

The crystal and electronic structures of three related Ln3MX3 (Ln: lanthanoid; M: transition metal; X: Cl, I) phases, Pr3RuI3 (space group P21/m), Gd3MnI3 (P21/m), and Pr3RuCl3 (Pnma) containing extended mixed‐metal chains are compared and contrasted using LMTO‐ASA calculations with local spin density approximation and crystal orbital Hamilton population analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Mg5TiO4(BO3)2.
Authors: Kawano Tetsuya , Yamane Hisanori
Published: December 2010

The structure of the known title compound is refined for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: A Porous LiFePO4 and Carbon Nanotube Composite.
Authors: Zhou Yingke , Wang Jie , Hu Yuanyuan , O'Hayre Ryan , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2010

Porous LiFePO4—carbon nanotube composites are synthesized by an in situ sol—gel method from aqueous solutions of LiH2PO4, iron(III) citrate, and carbon nanotubes (60 °C, 24 h), followed by firing in an argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 10 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Perhydroxylation of [closo‐B12H12]2‐ to the Stable Inorganic Cluster Redox System [B12(OH)12]2‐/·‐: Experiment and Theory.
Authors: Van Nguyen , Tiritiris Ioannis , Winter Rainer F. , Sarkar Biprajit , Singh Priti , Duboc Carole , Munoz‐Castro Alvaro , Arratia‐Perez Ramiro , Kaim Wolfgang , Schleid Thomas
Published: December 2010

The air stable, paramagnetic, sparingly water‐soluble, solvent‐free radical compound Cs[B12(OH)12] is synthesized in almost quantitative yield by perhydroxylation of Cs2[B12H12] with 30% H2O2 at 65 °C for six days.
ChemInform Abstract: Autogenic Synthesis of Green‐ and Red‐Emitting Single‐Phase Pr2O2CO3 and PrO1.833 Luminescent Nanopowders.
Authors: Calderon Moreno Jose M. , Pol Vilas G. , Suh Soong‐Hyuck , Popa Monica
Published: December 2010

Pure Pr2O2CO3 nanopowders are synthesized by thermolysis of Pr(OAc)3 in a closed reactor under autogenic pressure (700 °C, about 2 MPa, 1 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: PKU‐10: A New 3D Open‐Framework Germanate with 13‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Su Jie , Wang Yingxia , Wang Zheming , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: December 2010

[Me4N]Ge11O19(OH)9 (PKU‐10) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of GeO2 and Me4NOH (autoclave, 175 °C, 14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Polarizable [AuX2(CN)2]‐ (X: Br, I) Building Blocks Toward the Formation of Birefringent Coordination Polymers.
Authors: Ovens Jeffrey S. , Geisheimer Andrew R. , Bokov Alexei A. , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: December 2010

The structures of the new [AuX2(CN)2]‐ compounds are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature and Light Induced Bistability in a Co3[Os(CN)6]2·6H2O Prussian Blue Analogue.
Authors: Avendano Carolina , Hilfiger Matthew G. , Prosvirin Andrey , Sanders Codi , Stepien Darryl , Dunbar Kim R.
Published: December 2010

The photomagnetic title compound is prepared from a 2:3 mixture of (PPN)3[Os(CN)6] and Co(NO3)2 in a H2O/MeOH mixture (10 °C, 12 h, 77% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydroaminoalkylation of Secondary Amines Catalyzed by Group 5 Metal Amides with Chiral Biarylamidate Ligands.
Authors: Zi Guofu , Zhang Furen , Song Haibin
Published: December 2010

Several novel tantalum and niobium complexes are prepared and tested as catalysts for the asymmetric hydroaminoalkylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Strategy Based on an Intramolecular Propargylic Ene Reaction/Diels—Alder Cycloaddition Cascade.
Authors: Robinson Julia M. , Sakai Takeo , Okano Katsuhiko , Kitawaki Takafumi , Danheiser Rick L.
Published: December 2010

The cycloaddition processes allow the access to a broad spectrum of functionalized polycyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Iron‐Catalyzed Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Czaplik Waldemar Maximilian , Grupe Sabine , Mayer Matthias , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: December 2010

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the chemoselective hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides and alkyl bromides using tBu‐MgCl as reductant.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Co(II) Heterogeneously Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles at Room Temperature via Strecker‐Type Reactions.
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Ghiassian Sara , Saidi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2010

A highly active Co(II)/mesoporous SBA‐15 catalyst is employed in the Strecker reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxidative Coupling for the Synthesis of Arylated Quaternary Stereocenters and Its Application in the Total Synthesis of Powelline and Buphanidrine.
Authors: Bogle Katherine M. , Hirst David J. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: December 2010

In the presence of a base, ortho‐quinones such as (I) can act as Michael acceptors towards carbon‐centered nucleophiles to give a series of compounds with arylated quaternary carbon centers such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyl Acetates.
Authors: Vogt Monika , Ceylan Sascha , Kirschning Andreas
Published: December 2010

The umpolung allylation of aldehydes with allyl acetates has several beneficial features compared to classical crotylations such as the in‐situ generation of allyl boronates and an unprecedented 4,5‐syn selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C—SMe Bond Activation of Heteroaromatic Thioethers.
Authors: Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Rivard Michael , Gosmini Corinne
Published: December 2010

The activation of the C—SMe bond of various methylthio‐substituted N‐heterocycles (I), (IV) and (VI) allows the cross‐coupling with aryl‐ or benzylzinc halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Carbene Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerizations.
Authors: Mallagaray Alvaro , Medina Sandra , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: December 2010

A new protocol uses the Hoveyda—Grubbs catalyst for the reaction of diynes with alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensations of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones with Arenes in Acidic Media.
Authors: O'Connor Matthew J. , Boblak Kenneth N. , Spitzer Ashley D. , Gucciardo Peter A. , Baumann Andrew M. , Peter Joshua W. , Chen Connie Y. , Peter Ronald , Mitton Adam A. , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: December 2010

TfOH‐promoted inter‐ and intramolecular arylation reactions afford triarylethane derivatives (III) or polycyclic compounds (V) and (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trinitroaromatics Using Alternative Mixed Acid Nitration Conditions.
Authors: Straessler Nicholas A.
Published: December 2010

The nitration conditions utilize conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Environment Friendly Protocol for the Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes.
Authors: Reddy M. B. Madhusudana , Pasha M. A.
Published: December 2010

Microwave‐assisted reaction of aldehydes with hydroxylamine, catalyzed by ZnO, provides the corresponding nitriles in very short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Green Approach for the Esterification of Aromatic Acids with Various Alcohols over H3PO4/TiO2—ZrO2.
Authors: Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad , Massah Ahmad Reza , Barkhordari Zeynab
Published: December 2010

H3PO4/TiO2—ZrO2 is shown to be efficient for the esterification of aromatic acids under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Addition of Acid Chlorides to Alkynes.
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Shihua , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: December 2010

The title reaction affords β‐chloro‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones (III) from simple and readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl Aldehyde Acetals: Experimental and Computational Studies.
Authors: Xu Tongyu , Yang Qin , Li Dongpo , Dong Jinhua , Yu Zhengkun , Li Yuxue
Published: December 2010

From intermolecular reactions α,β‐unsaturated enones and chlorinated indene derivatives are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Iminofurans. New Example of Unusual Aza‐Wittig Reaction at Lactone Carbonyl Group.
Authors: Lisovenko N. Yu. , Rubtsov A. E.
Published: December 2010

Reaction of 4‐substituted 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐2,3‐diones (II) with phosphanylidenehydrazone (I) affords hydrazones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of cis‐3‐Acyl‐4‐alkenylpyrrolidines via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reaction of (Z)‐8‐Aryl‐5‐tosyl‐5‐azaoct‐2‐en‐7‐yn‐1‐ols.
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Lin Ming‐Nan , Chang Wei‐Jong , Liou Jia‐Lun , Shih Ya‐Fon
Published: December 2010

The reaction allows a facile and stereoselective access to cis‐substituted pyrrolidines like (II) as important structural units.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Tandem Alkenyl‐ and Aryl‐C—N Bond Formation: A Cascade N‐Annulation Route to 4‐, 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐Chloroindoles.
Authors: Henderson Luke C. , Lindon Matthew J. , Willis Michael C.
Published: December 2010

A series of trihalogenated alkenylbenzenes undergo consecutive palladium catalyzed inter‐ and intramolecular amination reactions to deliver a series of 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐chloroindoles without the need for the application of selective chlorination methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1‐Thioacyl‐ and 1‐Thiocarbamoylindoles from α‐Substituted 2‐Isocyanato‐β‐methoxystyrenes
Authors: Fukamachi Shuhei , Fujita Seiki , Murahashi Kazuya , Konishi Hisatoshi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro
Published: December 2010

via a two‐step one‐pot synthesis
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Benzo[d]‐imidazole‐2(3H)‐thiones as Potent Inhibitors of the α‐Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Induced Melanogenesis in Melanoma B16 Cells.
Authors: Lee Jee‐Hyun , Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar , Lee Ki‐Cheul , Bang Seong‐Cheol , Kim Min‐Seok , Sharma Vinay Kumar , Yun Cheong‐Yong , Roh Eunmiri , Kim Youngsoo , Jung Sang‐Hun
Published: December 2010

A variety of novel benzimidazolones and related‐thiones is synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activities against melanin production in melanoma B16 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective De‐Novo Synthesis of Protected 2‐Amino‐3‐C‐methyl‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐altrose.
Authors: Kollmann Sabine , Neuha Elisa , Hoppe Dieter
Published: December 2010

The target compounds are prepared easily in two steps, including the formation of the uretane derivatives from oxiranes (I) and isocyanates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benz[d]oxazolones Involving Concomitant Acetyl Migration from Oxygen to Nitrogen.
Authors: Ray Sibdas , Ghosh Sukla
Published: December 2010

The Curtius reaction of o‐acetoxybenzoyl azides (II) and following ring closure occurs with concomitant migration of an acetyl group from oxygen to nitrogen furnishing 3‐acetoxybenz[d]oxazolones (III) in good yields.