bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eurasian Cooperation in Science and Higher Education: Prospects of Neofunctional «Spillovers»
Authors: Fatykhova V. M.
Published: May 2019

Development of the global knowledge-driven economy requires the intensification of scientific, technical and educational cooperation in order to ensure competitiveness, technology transfer and improve the quality of life of the people. This task is particularly relevant in integration associations: over the past 20 years the European Union has proved the effectiveness of scientific, industrial and educational cooperation in the interests of economic integration. The Eurasian economic Union is only at the beginning of this promising path and faces a number of difficulties.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and prospects of cooperation of the EAEU member States in the field of science and higher education. The main thesis of the author is that the launch of the process of the common Eurasian educational space will increase the effectiveness of achieving the goals of the Union Treaty, improving the quality and quantity of economic growth. The pilot projects of the Eurasian technology platforms, especially in the space field, not only serve as examples of successful interaction of mixed research teams, but also give a political signal of the readiness of countries to coordinate their national interests with long-term integration plans. Cooperation in the field of higher education lays the Foundation for a single market of qualified labor resources, contributes to the formation of the personnel potential of the Association, the development of relations between the youth of the "Eurasian five", the interpenetration of common values and ideas.

Political and financial support for Russia gives an important impetus to the development of scientific and educational cooperation in the EAEU. However, many projects are hold up due to the lack of popularization of the ideology of Eurasianism and nationalist rhetoric rooted in the partner countries of Russia. The solution of these problems is in the adoption of joint measures to strengthen ties in the triangle «comprehensive information support of the Eurasian idea – scientific and educational cooperation – loyalty of the people to the integration project». If we extrapolate the neo-functional principle of «spillover» to the scientific and educational component of the integration processes, then with the effective implementation of such measures, if successful, this strategy will lead to the formation of a public demand for deepening integration cooperation, including the field of science and education, which, in turn, will bring benefits of economic integration and strengthen the international competitiveness of the EAEU.
Tradition and Innovation Dialectics in Russian Dissertation Culture
Authors: Kasatkin P. I. , Antyukhova E. A.
Published: May 2019

Today in Russia the system of the state scientific certification undergoes significant changes: the powers of federal executive authorities are delegated to the educational and scientific organizations. As a result, independence in the choice of mechanisms, orders and procedures of formation of dissertation committees and criteria of awarding academic degrees is allowed. At the same time reinterpretation of axiological bases of dissertation culture through overcoming the problems connected with authenticity and quality of dissertation researches, by increase in reputation responsibility of the organizations and scientists takes place. On May 31, 2019 it will be a year to the moment of transition of the MGIMO University to a new model of the state scientific certification. According to the model developed by the MGIMO University, awarding an academic degree comes by the results of the defense of a thesis at a meeting of the dissertation committee of 5 doctors of science, three of which are employees of the MGIMO University, and two are invited scientists from other organizations. Two of five are experts with publications in the scope of the research combining the role of a member of the dissertation committee and an official opponent. The result of the defense is politically variable: alongside with the possibility of taking the negative decision awarding an academic degree without completions of the text and also under the condition of insignificant and considerable completions of the text of a research is allowed. The lack of such opportunities in the practice of awarding academic degrees existing in the domestic dissertation culture excluding modification of the manuscript submitted to defence after holding a meeting of dissertation committees, as well as other defects of the historically developed model of awarding academic degrees, defined the fastest transition of the MGIMO University to a new model of certification. «MGIMO Review of International Relations» discussed the main milestones of formation and key problems of development of the domestic dissertation culture with P. Kasatkin and E. Antyukhova.
NATO Aggression Against Yugoslavia: International-Legal, Military Strategic and Geopolitical Consequences
Authors: Ponomareva E. G. , Frolov A. V.
Published: May 2019

On March 24, 1999, on the pretext of protecting human rights NATO began its aggression against a sovereign European state – the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Historically, it was the first military strike against a sovereign state in response not to external aggression, but to internal conflict. The escalation of the Kosovo conflict to the scale of a «humanitarian intervention» raised a sharp question about not only the contours and principles of the 21st century world system, but also about the limits of the functionality of supranational (first and foremost force) structures. The NATO aggression had both short-term and long-term consequences. The article analyzes three groups of consequences: international-legal, military strategic and geopolitical. In the analysis of international-legal consequences, we investigated the process of legitimation of «humanitarian intervention» and «responsibility to protect». In the analysis of military strategic consequences, the emphasis is given to the processes and procedures of the transformation of the Serbian army into a dysfunctional system and the creation of conditions for accession of the Republic to NATO. Since Serbia is the central element of the Balkan policy of Western countries and organizations, the question is extremely important. Geopolitical consequences of the aggression we analyzed through the prism of political technologies of political coups tested in Serbia in October 2000 and used later in different regions of the world. The study is preceded by a short historiographical review of the latest literature on the topic. The conducted multilevel analysis of the consequences of the NATO aggression in 1999 gives an opportunity to formulate fundamentally new conceptual foreign policy approaches of modern Russia foreign policy.
Explaining Peaceful Change without Democracy: The Case of the Sino-Soviet Security Community
Authors: Koschut S.
Published: May 2019

Some scholars have claimed that democratic regime type needs to be treated as a necessary precondition for the formation of a pluralistic security community. This essay argues that one should not overestimate the explanatory power of linking the democratic peace proposition to the study of security communities. Democratic values, norms, institutions, and practices may certainly facilitate the formation of a security community, but it is by no means the only or even most plausible path to assure dependable expectations of peaceful change. While a number of authors have of late made similar claims, what is not settled is why non-democracies can form security communities. The findings in this essay advance scholarship on this issue by showing that the same causal logics commonly attributed exclusively to democratic security community formation are also present in the formation of non-democratic security communities. The study adds empirical evidence to this argument by developing a historical case study of the Sino-Soviet relationship. In sum, the findings demonstrate that (1) democracy is not a necessary (though facilitating) precondition for the development of a pluralistic security community and (2) a pluralistic security community may form between autocratic regimes based on the causal logical nexus of non-democratic norm externalization, ideological coherence, a common Other (normative logic) and autocratic domestic institutional constraints (institutional logic).
Studi Pembuatan Klepon dengan Substitusi Tepung Sagu sebagai Alternatif Makanan Selingan Indeks Glikemik Rendah Bagi Penderita Diabetes Meliitus Tipe 2
Authors: Warsito Heri , Sa’diyah Khotimatus
Published: May 2019

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang mempengaruhi cara tubuh memproses glukosa darah dan tubuh tidak cukup memproduksi insulin. Pangan dengan indeks glikemik rendah mampu memperbaiki sensitivitas insulin. Tepung sagu merupakan pangan fungsional dengan kandungan serat yang cukup tinggi dan termasuk pangan indeks glikemik rendah. Klepon adalah makanan tradisional Indonesia yang terbuat dari tepung ketan dengan IG tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan klepon dengan substitusi tepung sagu sebagai alternatif makanan selingan indeks glikemik rendah bagi penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan 2 tahap yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap untuk optimasi pembuatan klepon dan posttest only control group design untuk uji indeks glikemik. Perlakuan klepon substitusi tepung sagu yaitu 100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40%, 50%:50% dengan pengulangan 4 kali dan dibutuhkan 16 relawan dalam uji indeks gikemik. Perlakuan P5 (20% tepung sagu dan 80% tepung ketan) merupakan perlakuan terbaik ditinjau dari indeks efektifitasnya. Nilai indeks glikemik diperoleh dengan membagi luas area dibawah kurva pangan uji dengan pangan standar. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nilai IG diketahui yaitu 43,25 dan termasuk dalam ketegori Indeks glikemik rendah. Kata kunci: Tepung Sagu, Indeks Glikemik, Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
Women's Speech In A State of Anger: A Neuropragmatic Study
Authors: Sabrian Rahmadani , Sastra Gusdi , Revita Ike
Published: May 2019

This research aims to describe and to translate the emotional prosody patterns through Praat program and also to describe types of speech acts used by female characters in an emotional state in the film "Hati 7 Cinta 7 Wanita". Emotional prosody of speech is analyzed by using the Praat program, which is then classified into types of particular speech acts. The emotional prosody patterns can be seen in the melodic accent and the temporal accent. In the melodic accent, speech that uses declarative and interrogative mode makes the tone flow increased, and the speech that uses imperative mode makes the tone flow decreased. In the temporal accent, the speeches with the longest and the shortest anger emotions are the ones that use declarative mode. Next, the woman character is known to use four types of speech act when getting angry, which are; literal direct speech act, non-literal direct speech act, literal indirect speech act, non-literal indirect speech act.
An Analysis of Commissive Speech Act Used by The Shopping Hosts of MNC Shop
Authors: Syafitri Widdya
Published: May 2019

This research focuses on the use of commissive speech act used by the shopping hosts of MNC Shop. The source of data is taken from the advertisements of household appliances, such as frying pan, rice cooker, vacuum cleaner, etc which are broadcasted in December 2018. The purposes of the research are to identify and to explain the form and the pattern as well as the function of the commissive speech acts used by the shopping hosts. This research uses qualitative approach. The data are collected by using observational method followed by recording and note-taking technique. Then, the data are analyzed by using pragmatic identity method and distributional method with deletion and permutation technique. The theory of form and pattern of the commissive speech act are based on Alwi's and Putrayasa's theory. Meanwhile the theory of its function is taken from Yule's and Ibrahim's theory. From the analysis, it is found that the commissive speech acts in the advertisement can be uttered in the form of declarative, interrogative and exclamative. The pattern can be in the form of normal sentence (subject preceding the predicate then followed by the object) or in the form of inverted sentence (the inversion of normal pattern) which the predicate preceding the subject, etc. In terms of its functions, the commissive speech acts can be used to promise, to guarantee and to convince.
Computational Linguistics Models and Language Technologies for Indonesian
Authors: Syafar Dian Noviani , Febrina Ria
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe computational linguistics as a study of science that should pay full attention to linguistics researches improvement. The type of research is a literature review and experimental research by designing a software model for Bahasa. The result of the research shows that computational linguistics is a field of linguistics that can be used as a solution to overcome a problem related to spelling correction and grammar for language users. This field of linguistics is related to software engineering designed to educate the public in producing languages; it can be Bahasa, regional language, and English language as the foreign language for Indonesian. The public can know the standardization of writing a language and equivalence translation between the target language and the source language that can also be precisely acquired. Also, the writer provides several practical examples of how computational linguistics can be applied to the development of writing skills. For instance, the concordance enables us to see any word or phrase in context so that one can see what sort of company it keeps. Thus, the users can, for example, see the correct form based on Bahasa Indonesia rules between the words which they often confuse (e.g., gadget vs. gawai).
The Use of Instructional Media in Improving Student's Skill in Essay Writing Through Blended Learning Platform
Authors: Handoko Handoko , Antaridha Rabbi
Published: May 2019

The research focuses on the use of instructional media in the blended learning platform to improve students' ability in writing essays. The implementation of blended learning is carried out in three cycles: brainstorming, drafting, and final writing. At the end of each cycle, there is an evaluation to find out the progress of the learning. Feedback is given from the evaluation results to overcome problems that arise in the previous cycle. The subjects of the research are students of Universitas Andalas who divided as control class and experimental class. The purpose of this study is (a) short-term; To help overcome student problems and improve their ability to write essays in English (b) long-term is to provide a basis for learning models of English writing essays at universities. The pretest indicates that 59% of participants from the control class have a low score (below 60) while in experimental class, about 60% of participants get a score below 60. The result of the research shows significant improvement in essay writing performance with an average score of post-test 76.35. By using the t-test can be seen the significance value of 0.06> 0.05, which indicates that the use of instructional media in the blended learning platform can improve students performance in writing an essay.
Wordplay and World-Play: The Minima Visibilia in The Construction of Linguistic Sciences
Authors: Alqadumi Emad Abd  Elkareem
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to illustrate, by using a single sentence as the focus of the study, the inseparability of wordplay and worldplay. It intends to illustrate how playing with a sentence like "Wordplay was a game Shakespeare played competently" can help us understand the very complex and fascinating phenomena of language, endless play. At first glance, the sentence may appear to be giving a piece of information on the English Elizabethan dramatist. However, this same sentence can also be used to illustrate the countless possible interpretations of any discourse. In addition, the sentence can be used to illustrate how linguistic sciences such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, stylistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, comparative linguistics and discourse analysis separate some properties as representative of the entire science while suppressing all the others as insignificant in order to control the playfulness of language.
Kapasitas Kelembagaan Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk, Keluarga Berencana, Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Fatimah Astri Siti
Published: May 2019

The main objective of this research is to know the institutional capacity of the Agency of Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment, and Children Protection of Tasikmalaya Municipality. A very complex task must be supported by human resources that have a high competence in terms of planning, implementation of the plans, organizing, leadership, supervision or control of development and so on. So that it is needed a good institutional management. The research method that is used in the research is descriptive method with qualitative approach and gathering techniques of study of the literature and documentation. The result of the discussion of institutional capacity according to McKinsey is a tool used to analyse the internal aspects of the organization using the seven major elements that have a dependency with each other, meaning that the change of one element will affect the other elements. Such is the case with the institutional capacity of the Agency of Population Control, Family Planning and Women Empowerment, and Children Protection of Tasikmalaya Municipality has had the elements despite the fact yet as planned. But be aware that it is not only intended for the achievement of quality improvement on one element only, but rather intended for the whole elements, not a partial but holistic. In a very long period of time and continuously, institutional capacity requires adaptive activities to enhance the capacity of all stakeholders.
Kompetensi Anggota DPRD Dalam Mendukung Fungsi Pengawasan Terhadap Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Ma'ruf Muhammad Farid
Published: May 2019

Political decentralization has the consequence of placing the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) in an equal position with the regional head in the administration of regional government. Strengthening the DPRD's institutional function is realized in the Legislation, Budgeting and Controling as the  functions of repsentative institusion in the central level. However, The council is considered unable to carry out its functions properly including carrying out the oversight function of planning, implementing activities and local government programs. Based on these conditions, the researchers conducted a competency study of DPRD members in tracking the supervisory function in Gresik Regency. The results, showed that the supervisory process and mechanism carried out by the DPRD had not led to 4 basic stages of supervision; a) Establish standards, b). Measurement performance, c). Comparable performance agains standars and d) Consider correction action. It’s still not done systematically, so the implementation of supervision of the council in Gresik which is translated into commission board still considered sporadic and partial activities. The commission oversight agenda summarized in the work meeting activities, public hearings and work visits of each commission has not yet become an integral activity of a monitoring process. The conclusion, there are gaps between the critical competencies of councill’s members about functions as members of representative institutions. The gap is related to the vision, mission, insights and technical conceptions of each member's task in the field. Supervision task carried out by the Gresik’s council is not systematic and seems sporadic.
Proses Agenda Setting Kebijakan Hutan Adat Di Kabupaten Mentawai
Authors: Sulthani Aisyah Fadilla
Published: May 2019

This research is motivated by the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35 / PPU-X / 2012 which states that Customary Forest is no longer a forest in the territory of the country but a forest that is part of the rights of the Customary Law Community. n Mentawai Islands Regency, almost 90% of the area is forested areas, 26,000 hectares will be converted into Customary Forests. In its determination, the community was assisted by the Foundation of Citra Mandiri Mentawai or Yayasan Citra Mandiri Mentawai (YCMM) and the Alliance of Mentawai Indigenous Community or Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Mentawai (AMAN) in realizing the rights of indigenous peoples. This study aims to describe how the process of  setting agenda of customary forest policy  in Mentawai Islands Regency. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, and literature studies using various literature such as books, scientific works, news, and other reading sources relating to research. The results of the study showed that the problem was felt by the Mentawai community since they could not cultivate the forest themselves. After the Constitutional Court's decision No. 35 / PPU-X / 2012, the community assisted by NGOs and the local government drafted a regional regulation related to the recognition of indigenous community, which is one of the requirements to establish customary forests. The Regional Representative Council  or DPRD is the only hope of the indigenous community to gain freedom that had not been obtained for several years before the Constitutional Court's decision No. 35 / PPU-X / 2012 was issued. But in the process, the DPRD has not yet stipulated a regional regulation on the recognition of customary law communities since it was submitted in 2015 until now in 2017. It is unfortunate that the DPRD of Mentawai Islands Regency has been slow to respond to demands from NGOs and the community so that discussion of the Draft Law on the Protection of Indigenous Community pendingtakeholdernya
ECCLESIA GHANA: REALISING AFRO- CATHOLICISM IN GHANA
Authors: Pratt Morris-Chapman Daniel John
Published: May 2019

What is the essence of the Gospel? Which aspects of the churchâ€™s ministry are contingent? The story of the Anglican Church in Ghana offers an opportunity to reflect upon these questions. While the history of this colonial church is fraught with ethnocentrism, it also demonstrates a number of ways in which a rich theological tradition can be realised on Ghanaian soil. This essay explores these possibilities with the hope of identifying an authentic Afro-Catholicism.
POWERLESS PARTNERS: ONE BEGGAR TELLING ANOTHER WHERE TO FIND BREAD
Authors: Knoetze Johannes J
Published: May 2019

The relationship between the â€˜powerfulâ€™ Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) and the many churches that were planted by the mission work of the DRC has always been and still is a very sensitive matter. This paper will take a historical look at the relationship over the last decade (2004-2014) between the Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana (DRCB) and the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa, especially the Dutch Reformed Church in the northern Cape (DRCnC). It was during this time that a paradigm shift started developing in the relationship. After some socio-economic changes and â€˜newâ€™ missiological reflection from the DRCnC on their own understanding of mission, the DRCnC took a definite decision to move away from a deed of agreement relation with the DRCB and work towards a partnership relation. After requests from the DRCB regarding theological education, the DRCnC decided to broaden its vision to the church in Botswana and not only the DRCB. This paper wants to look at the process of transformation of a power relation which involves learning, unlearning, relearning and new learning of the different contexts, as well as the understandings and realities of mission, ecclesiology, partnership, tradition, interdependence, theological education and leadership.
THE ROLE OF THE CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF MOZAMBIQUE IN THE COLONIAL WAR (1964-1974) AND IN CIVIL WARS (1977-2014): CHRISTIANS IN COLONIAL WARS
Authors: Da Silva Fernando Caldeira
Published: May 2019

Founded in 1948, the Christian Council of Mozambique (Conselho CristÃ£o de MoÃ§ambique - CCM) is an institution which contributed to the Colonial War (1964-1974) and to ending the Civil Wars (1977-1992) (2012-2014). the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs informed the CCM ideals on â€˜sustainable developmentâ€™.2Â  By the latterâ€™s evangelisation and teaching, leaders such as Eduardo C. Mondlane were produced for the independence of Mozambique.3 After independence the CCM embarked on facilitated dialogue, bringing peace to a nation torn apart by two belligerent parties, REnAMO4 and fReLIMo.5Â In 1984 it created the Commission for Justice, Peace and Reconciliation which attended to the victims of war. This article explores the role of the CCM, its President Bishop Dinis SalomÃ£o Sengulane, and other religious leaders in ending the Civil Wars and implementing peace,6 including within recent history.
OF GODâ€™S IMAGE, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND FEMINIST REFLECTIONS
Authors: Berman Sidney K
Published: May 2019

This article interrogates what appears to be an inconsistency â€“ the enduring prevalence of Christianity and the surge of gender-based violence (henceforth GBV) in Botswana, particularly as evidenced by murder-suicides. It investigates the possibility of a connection between Christianity and GBV. To search for such a connection, I used a feminist analytical approach to analyse the text of Hosea, Christian/Biblical teachings relating to gender and traditional Setswana socialisation. The book of Hosea, some Biblical teachings and some aspects of Setswana culture separate men and women in dualistic terms, present women as inferior to men, perceive womenâ€™s sexuality as devious, and prescribe violent control of women. Since this flawed outlook is evident in GBV in Botswana, I was led to investigate a hypothetical connection between GBV and Christian/ Biblical teaching. The article ends with recommendations for a response and for reconstructing a gender-empowering alternative.
FRANCIS AKANU IBIAM (1906-1995): A LEADER WHO HAD A MISSION BEYOND ECCLESIA
Authors: Gathogo Julius Mutugi
Published: May 2019

Sir Francis Akanu Ibiam KCMG, KBE (1906-1995) was a distinguished medical missionary who was appointed Governor of Eastern Region, nigeria from December 1960 until January 1966 during the nigerian First Republic. From 1919 to 1951 he was known as Francis Ibiam, and from 1951 to 1967 as Sir Francis Ibiam. This article explores his profile; the profile of a man whose contribution as a medical doctor, a missionary doctor, an educationist, a statesman and a churchman is outstanding, hence inspiring to the new crop of leadership in Africa of the 21st Â century. Was he too emotional when conducting his political discourses? Did he make the right choices all along? Does his role in the Biafra War of 1967 with the government of nigeria smack of his main weakness as a public servant? nevertheless, he comes out in this article as one of the early pre-colonial professionals in Africa who had received a quality education during the dark days of African history, who had worked hard to remain relevant in their days; and who are indeed relevant in the 21st century. In Francis Ibiam, the article shows a decisive leader who chose to work for the church rather than the colonial government, thereby making a strong statement that the church can be developed into an alternative forum of progress, a kind of alternative government where the deprived can still find justice, a job and other lifetime comforts. Despite the article being greatly indebted to Agwu Kaluâ€™s book, Dr ibiam: The challenge of his life (1986), it has also derived materials from the internet and other published works. Certainly, it is geared towards celebrating a leader who had a mission beyond ecclesia.
RELIGION, LEADERSHIP AND STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE 2011 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Oguntola Laguda Danoye
Published: May 2019

The crisis of leadership today in Nigeria provides a formidable challenge to political and other social scientists. Between 1999 and 2015 several elections have been held with many leaders elected and sworn into office; with interactions between religion and politics the ongoing subject of academic analysis (Abubakar 1984; Igboin 2012; Kukah 1998; Oguntola-Laguda 2008; and so forth). Political office holders often drew on religious ideas, practices and symbols as a tool of negotiation with the electorate during political campaigns. As a result, candidates were often selected based on their religious rhetoric and affiliations. Thus the debate about Muslim/Muslim or Muslim/Christian tickets emerged as a key issue in the elections. Religious leaders are often political actors in the elections. There were several media allegations that some religious leaders were complicit in compromising and corrupting the electoral process. Many prophetic statements preceded the 2011 elections. For example, the prominent Pentecostal leader and presidential candidate, Pastor Kris Okotie, the general overseer of Household of God Church in Lagos, prophesied (unsuccessfully) that he would be sworn in as president after the election. In this paper we will examine how political leaders managed (or manipulated) their religious claims and allegiances in the pre- and post-election periods in 2011, against the backdrop of a religiously pluralistic setting such as Nigeria, and the resultant contradictions. Particular attention will be paid to the concepts of power and authority, as these are central to both worlds of religion and politics. Additionally, I will discuss the varying differentiations of the religious and political domains in the political process, campaign speeches, sermons and prophecies, perceptions of individual politicians, as well as media and popular opinion.
THE CHURCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Hiagbe Komi Ahiatroga
Published: May 2019

The snail-pace of social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa is of major concern not only to the development community, but to all who have the continentâ€™s well-being at heart. Various attempts (many rather elusive) at diagnosis and prescription of the right antidotes to the problem have been made for decades. This paper, however, shares Jeffrey Sachsâ€™s optimism in End of Poverty with the point of departure being that organised religion holds the key to a reversal of the trend. The paper explores the impact of religious beliefs on the development of some communities in the past and the present before concluding that Christianity could unlock the prospects to sub-Saharan Africaâ€™s economic fortunes. In the view of this researcher, African theological reflections, in response to the challenges of endemic corruption, nepotism, superstition, and bad work ethics on the continent, must be grounded in the language, traditional beliefs, values and practices (i.e. culture) of the people as grounds for integration with the modern scientific and technological advancement that confronts the continent. This underscores the need for Christianity itself to become that culture which is willing to accommodate a consciously reconstructed past as the pathway to a developed future.
SACRALISATION AND THE COLONIAL-INDIGENOUS ENCOUNTER IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN CHRISTIAN HISTORY: THE MEMORY AND LEGACY OF JOHANNES DU PLESSIS AS CASE STUDY
Authors: Muller Retief
Published: May 2019

The role of the Dutch Reformed Churchâ€™s mission policies in the development of apartheid ideology has in recent times come under increased scrutiny. In terms of the formulation of missionary theory within the DRC, the controversial figure of Johannes du Plessis played a significant role in the early twentieth century. In addition to his work as a mission theorist, Du Plessis was a biblical scholar at Stellenbosch University who was found guilty of heresy by his church body, despite having much support from the rank and file membership. This article asks questions regarding the ways in which his memory and legacy are often evaluated from the twin, yet opposing perspectives of sacralisation and vilification. It also considers the wider intellectual influences on Du Plessis such as the missiology of the German theologian, Gustav Warneck. Du Plessisâ€™s missionary theory helped to lay the groundwork for the later development of apartheid ideology, but perhaps in spite of himself, he also introduced a subverting discourse into Dutch Reformed theology. Some of the incidental consequences of this discourse, particularly in relation to the emerging theme of indigenous knowledge, are furthermore assessed here.
â€˜SURELY, GOODNESS AND MERCY SHALL FOLLOW ME...â€™: READING PSALM 23:6 IN CONVERSATION WITH JOHN WESLEY
Authors: Mtshiselwa Ndikho
Published: May 2019

On the understanding that the addressees of Psalm 23 experienced the challenges of poverty, corruption, injustices and conflict, the interest of this article lies at asking three cardinal questions: First, what Imago Dei does Ps 23 present in the context of poverty, corruption, injustice and conflict, and more importantly with respect to the â€˜goodness and mercyâ€™ of YHWH? Second, how does the idea of â€˜goodness and mercyâ€™ (cf. Ps 23:6) relate to John Wesleyâ€™s theology on the â€˜works of mercyâ€™ and â€˜doing goodâ€™ âˆ’ particularly in light of the mission imperatives of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa? Third, how could the Methodist people be the interlocutors of â€˜goodness and mercyâ€™ in South Africa today?
HYMNAL RECORD OF A MISSIONARY STRUCTURE AT THABANTÅ HO (GERLACHSHOOP) OF THE BAKOPA OF KGOÅ HI BOLEU
Authors: Wade Richard Peter
Published: May 2019

This research sets out to answer a problem involving whether or not the first church was established across the Vaal River in the 1860â€™s at Gerlachshoop (Maleoskop). An incidental find of an unknown publication may corroborate an answer to the problem. Anecdotal notes in a hymnal songbook records the first inauguration of a bell of one of the earliest Berlin Missionaries north of the Vaal River. This may clarify the location within the landscape and whether the structure of a church at Gerlachshoop or ThabantÅ¡ho was erected as opposed to being a deception or an historical figment of imagination by a subsequent director of the Berlin Missionary Society. The national heritage value of such rare early documentation of European/African literature and the built environment is of great significance and serves as one of the earliest records of German translations into the Sekopa language almost 150 years ago, with several early hymns set to musical notation, that marked the occasion with the actual Sekopa hymns that were sung at the occasion of the inauguration of an early church and its bell.
GLOSSOLALIA: DIVINE SPEECH OR MAN-MADE LANGUAGE? A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GIFT OF SPEAKING IN TONGUES IN THE PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES IN BOTSWANA
Authors: Amanze James N , Shanduka Tino
Published: May 2019

Glossolalia is a very important element in the life of Pentecostal Churches and is at the centre of their spirituality. This paper examines the gift of speaking in tongues from a psychological perspective in order to find out what psychologists say about this very important gift of the Holy Spirit. The paper begins by looking at the history of speaking in tongues in the Church from the day of Pentecost and how it has become the symbol of Godâ€™s presence in the life of believers in Pentecostal Churches in Botswana today. The paper interrogates glossolalia on whether it is divine language or human language spoken by people who are emotionally charged. This research was undertaken in order to understand glossolalia better, since it is a contested area not only among Christians but also in other world religions where this phenomenon is widely manifested. The present work shows that while theologians are justified to consider glossolalia as divine language, there are indications that in some instances speaking in tongues can be a result of anxiety and human attempts to prove that the Holy Spirit is truly present in oneâ€™s spiritual life. This conclusion has been reached especially in cases where it has been found that glossolalia is a learned language.Â
ETHIOPIANISM IN PAN-AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE, 1880-1920
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: May 2019

This article surveys the origins, development and extent of Ethiopianism (part of the African Initiated Church Movement [AIC]) in Africa which was widespread throughout Africa during the â€˜highâ€™ imperial and missionary era (1880-1920) which is the main focus of this article. However, they appear to have a number of common features â€“ response to colonialism, imperialism and the missionary movement, the response of nationalism in the political sphere and Pan-Africanism linked to Ethiopianism in the religious sphere. This article seeks to explore these sometimes indistinguishable features, through selected examples, in a novel way as a Pan-African movement.
PARTNERS IN CRIME: PENTECOSTALISM AND BOTSWANA HIV/AIDS POLICY ON CROSS-BORDER MIGRANTS
Authors: Gabaitse Rosinah
Published: May 2019

In this paper I seek to interrogate how the theology of some Pentecostal churches, especially the theology that God heals HIV and AIDS, interacts with the situation of cross-border migrants in Botswana. I also seek to discuss the Botswana HIV policy which denies HIV-positive cross-border migrants access to Anti-Retroviral treatment (henceforth ARVs) which has proven to prolong and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV. Conflict exists between Botswana HIV policy on strict adherence to ARVs and some Pentecostal churchesâ€™ insistence that members of their churches living with HIV are healed by God, and therefore they should not take ARVs. While the Pentecostal Church is a â€˜home away from homeâ€™ for migrants, their theology is in constant conflict and clashes with Botswana HIV health policy, even if the reality is that the same policy denies migrants access to HIV services. It is ironic that both the HIV policy and the Pentecostal theology are in pursuit of preserving life; yet, they both deny cross-border migrants that very life.
FORECASTING THE FUTURE OF RELIGION IN THE 1920s: RAMSDEN BALMFORTHâ€™S POST-ORTHODOX PROGNOSTICATIONS
Authors: Hale Frederick
Published: May 2019

Standing at the apogee of post-Protestant theological liberalism, the scholarly Unitarian minister Ramsden Balmforth, who served the Unitarian Church in Cape Town from 1897 until 1937, responded to a broad spectrum of issues affecting South African religious, political and economic life. Having been moulded by Fabian socialism in his native Yorkshire, however, and informed by the theology of such denominational fellows as Joseph Estlin Carpenter during his student years in Oxford, he remained relatively marginalised on the ecclesiastical landscape of South Africa. Despite this quasi-isolation, Balmforth sought in the late 1920s to predict the future of Christianity or religious life generally not only in his adopted homeland, but also on an international scale. In the present article his conceptualisation is analysed in the historical context of his theological liberalism generally, and a critique of his prognostications is offered which highlights Balmforthâ€™s failure to come to grips with the fact that his liberalism, which he regarded as a virtually inevitable product of cultural history, had failed to make nearly any inroads on the increasingly complex kaleidoscope of South African Christianity.
Modern/charismatic Pentecostalism as a form of ‘religious’ secularisation in Africa
Authors: Togarasei Lovemore
Published: May 2019

This paper argues that although Pentecostalism seems to be reviving Christianity in Africa, judging by the number of people attracted to this brand of Christianity, there is an extent to which its practices and beliefs are secular. Perhaps it is this ‘secularisation’ that remains a pull factor of this kind of Christianity. To do so, the paper begins with a brief review of the secularisation theory, reaching a conclusion that secularisation involves people’s concern with proximate (this worldly) issues rather than ultimate (post-mortem) issues. With this understanding of secularisation, the paper then discusses beliefs and practices of charismatic Pentecostal churches that this author believes make Pentecostalism a form of ‘religious’ secularisation. The focus will specifically be on Zimbabwean charismatic Pentecostal leaders’ discourses of wealth and health.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KARL BARTHâ€™S THEOLOGY FOR THE BELHAR CONFESSION: AN ANALYSIS OF THEOLOGY OF GERMAN ORIGIN IN SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE APARTHEID EPOCH
Authors: Tshaka R S
Published: May 2019

Academic theology in South Africa was influenced extensively by theology of German origin. This article probes the relationship between theologies that originated in Europe. While there are many perspectives that could be cited to credit apartheid theology for having originated in Europe and in Germany in particular, this article confines itself to a theological influence which challenged apartheid as a sin and a heresy. It looks especially at the influence of the Swiss theologian Karl Barth, who at the time of his critical theological contribution was doing his theology in Germany. The article then refers to the influence of Barmen theology in the origin of the Belhar Confession. A few current challenges are also laid out to conclude.
THE THEOLOGICAL DILEMMA VIZ-A-VIS THE MORAL OPTIONS FOR RELEVANT AND PRACTICAL MINISTRY TODAY: LESSONS FOR THE ZIMBABWE COUNCIL OF CHURCHES
Authors: Mpofu Sifiso
Published: May 2019

There are many misconceptions about the role of the church in society. This is because the church is neither a political institution nor a social organisation but a mystery of grace. The church can best be defined or understood in terms of its mission or its work. This article will explore the mission and work of the Christian church; specifically the church in Zimbabwe. One cannot talk about the Christian church without reflecting on Jesus Christâ€™s mission. The church is the body of Christ, the true representative of the broken body of Jesus Christ. Paradoxically, while church leaders say that they are concerned about the poor, the downtrodden, the oppressed, they seem not to fight against harmful socio- economic and political structures that dehumanise many of Godâ€™s creation. The church, as Godâ€™s compass to direct humanity for the total good of all creation, should always advocate in favour of peace and social justice. Christian leaders have a moral and social responsibility in their proclamation of the gospel of Jesus Christ in an environment which is characterised by despondency, uncertainty and fear. This paper identifies moments of prophetic resistance to social evil. It is to be noted that such a prophetic dimension is an enduring reality of the life of an authentic church, despite the complex (and at times compromising) relationship between church and state. This paper proposes possibilities for a new paradigm shift in Christian ministry with a view to toward a rebirth of a socially conscious church within the established platform of Christian ministry.
Hubungan kecerdasan naturalis dan motivasi belajar dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi pencemaran lingkungan
Authors: Putri Nabilah Rahma , Miarsyah Mieke , Vivanti Diana
Published: May 2019

The skills to think critically on environmental pollution material is the skills of the learners to understand a condition that involves the process of reasoning about environmental pollution. Student’s critical thinking skills is an interaction between various factors, namely naturalist intelligence and motivation learning. Student who possess critical thinking skills are as good as those naturalist intelligence and those who are motivated to learn. This study aimed to determine the correlation between naturalist intelligence and motivation learning with student’s critical thinking skills in Jakarta on environmental pollution. This research was conducted at 68 Jakarta Senior High School on semester II of 2017/2018 school year. The method that was used is descriptive quantitative through correlational study. The sample used amount if 115 students of class X MIA. The result of prerequisite test finds that the data are normally distributed and homogeneous. The statistical hypothesis was done by linier regression test, liniearity test, and correlation coefficient test at α = 0,05. Based on these results, it is concluded there is a correlation between naturalist intelligence and motivation learning with student’s critical thinking skills on environmental pollution.

 
HUBUNGAN ECOLITERACY DENGAN PERILAKU PRO-LINGKUNGAN PESERTA DIDIK SMP
Authors: Nurfajriani Novita , Azrai Eka Putri , Sigit Diana Vivanti
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

Perilaku pro-lingkungan adalah sebuah tindakan yang dilakukan secara sadar untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia pada lingkungan. Perilaku pro-lingkungan peserta didik dapat ditingkatkan salah satunya melalui ecoliteracy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ecoliteracy dengan perilaku pro-lingkungan peserta didik SMP. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 45 Jakarta pada semester genap bulan Mei  tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan studi korelasional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 168 peserta didik yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil uji prasyarat diketahui bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,171 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,026, artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ecoliteracy dengan perilaku pro-lingkungan peserta didik SMP Negeri 45 Jakarta. Koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,029, artinya ecoliteracy berkontribusi terhadap perilaku pro-lingkungan peserta didik SMP Negeri 45 Jakarta sebesar 2,9%.

 

Kata kunci: Ecoliteracy, perilaku pro-lingkungan, peserta didik.

 

ABSTRACT

Pro-environmental behavior is a conscious act to reduce the negative impact caused by human activity on the environment. Pro-environment behavior in students can be improved through ecoliteracy. This study aims to determine the relationship of ecoliteracy with pro-environment behavior in students of junior high school. This research was conducted at 45 Jakarta junior high school on May 2017-2018. The method used is descriptive method with correlational study. Total of sample are 168 students selected by simple random sampling technique. The result of prerequisite test known that the data are normally distributed and homogeneous. The correlation coefficient is 0.171 and the significance value is 0.026, it means there is a significant correlation between ecoliteracy with pro-environment behavior of students of 45 Jakarta Junior High School. The coefficient of determination is 0.029, it means that ecoliteracy has determine pro-environment behavior of students of 45 Jakarta Junior High School equal to 2.9%.

 

Keywords: Ecoliteracy, pro-environment behavior, student.