bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ha Duc M , Prochazka Allan V , Bekelman David B , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E , Chan Edward D , Keith Robert L
Published: December 2020

Background

Physical activity and exercise improve function, symptom control, and health-related quality of life (QoL) for many cancer survivors; however, the evidence is limited and inconsistent in lung cancer. We examined the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and health-related QoL in a national sample of US lung cancer survivors.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We defined LTPA as a self-report of engaging in any physical activity or exercise such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise in the past 30 days, health-related QoL as the number of days of having poor physical or mental health in the past 30 days, and general health status. We analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Among 614 lung cancer survivors, 316 (51.5%) reported engaging in LTPA. The counts (and proportions) of participants who engaged in LTPA vs no LTPA were, respectively, 135 (42.7%) vs 63 (21.1%) for 0 days of poor physical health, 222 (70.3%) vs 174 (58.4%) for 0 days of poor mental health, and 158 (50.0%) vs 77 (25.8%) for good to excellent general health. In multivariable analyses, participating in LTPA was associated with odds ratios of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.76 to 3.96) and 1.43 (95% CI = 0.97 to 2.10) for 0 days of poor physical and mental health, respectively, and 2.61 (95% CI = 1.74 to 3.91) for good to excellent general health.

Conclusions

Participating in LTPA was associated with improved health-related QoL. Interventions to promote LTPA and/or exercise-based rehabilitation may improve QoL among lung cancer survivors.
Weak closed-loop vibrational stimulation improves the depth of slow-wave sleep and declarative memory consolidation
Authors: Choi Sang Ho , Kwon Hyun Bin , Jin Hyung Won , Yoon Heenam , Lee Mi Hyun , Lee Yu Jin , Park Kwang Suk
Published: December 2020

Sleep is a unique behavioral state that affects body functions and memory. Although previous studies suggested stimulation methods to enhance sleep, a new method is required that is practical for long-term and unconstrained use by people. In this study, we used a novel closed-loop vibration stimulation method that delivers a stimulus in interaction with the intrinsic heart rhythm and examined the effects of stimulation on sleep and memory. Twelve volunteers participated in the experiment and each underwent one adaptation night and two experimental conditions—a stimulation condition (STIM) and a no-stimulation condition (SHAM). The heart rate variability analysis showed a significant increase in the normalized high frequency and the normalized low frequency significantly decreased under the STIM during the slow-wave sleep (SWS) stage. Furthermore, the synchronization ratio between the heartbeat and the stimulus significantly increased under the STIM in the SWS stage. From the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, EEG relative powers of slow-wave activity and theta frequency bands showed a significant increase during the STIM in the SWS stage. Additionally, memory retention significantly increased under the STIM compared to the SHAM. These findings suggest that the closed-loop stimulation improves the SWS-stage depth and memory retention, and further provides a new technique for sleep enhancement.
Coming to Terms with Markets in Care? Comprehensive Social Policy and Informalization of Care Provision in the English and Greek National Healthcare Systems
Authors: Maroukis Thanos
Published: December 2020

Across welfare regimes, markets are taking the lead from states in providing public-funded health care. Concurrently, informalization of labor market activity in healthcare provision grows. Through an institutional ethnography of temporary agency and bank labor experiences in the English and Greek National Health Services, this paper unpacks how informalization emerges in political and policy environments that not only favor but also resist market arrangements. In doing so, the paper moves the debate from the dilemma of whether to incorporate market actors in healthcare provision to the comprehensive social policy question of how markets could work in healthcare provision.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate a Computer-Based Intervention to Improve Self-care in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia , Giordani Bruno , Nelson Kinnothan , Moser Debra K.
Published: December 2020

Background

Cognitive dysfunction contributes to poor learning and impaired self-care (SC) for patients with heart failure.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a nurse-led, virtual home-based cognitive training and SC education intervention to support SC and (2) evaluate the relationship between improvements in SC and cognitive change and examine 30-day readmission rates.

Methods

In this 2-phase pilot study, we used a prospective, exploratory design. In phase 1, recruitment criteria and retention issues threatened feasibility and acceptance. Significant modifications were made and evaluated in phase 2.

Results

In phase 2, 12 participants were recruited (7 women and 5 men). Feasibility was supported. All participants and the study nurse positively evaluated acceptability of the intervention. Median SC scores improved over time. Thirty-day hospital readmission rates were 25%.

Conclusion

Phase 1 indicates the intervention as originally designed was not feasible or acceptable. Phase 2 supports the feasibility and acceptability of the modified intervention. Further testing is warranted.
Surgical Treatment After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Young Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hee Jeong , Dominici Laura , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Zheng Yue , Pak Linda M. , Poorvu Philip D. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla , Schapira Lidia , Come Steven E. , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Borges Virginia F. , Warner Ellen , Vardeh Hilde , Collins Laura C. , Gaither Rachel , King Tari A. , Partridge Ann H.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

We aimed to investigate eligibility for breast conserving surgery (BCS) pre- and post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), and trends in the surgical treatment of young breast cancer patients.

Background:

Young women with breast cancer are more likely to present with larger tumors and aggressive phenotypes, and may benefit from NST. Little is known about how response to NST influences surgical decisions in young women.

Methods:

The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a multicenter prospective cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤40, enrolled 1302 patients from 2006 to 2016. Disease characteristics, surgical recommendations, and reasons for choosing mastectomy among BCS-eligible patients were obtained through the medical record. Trends in use of NST, rate of clinical and pathologic complete response, and surgery were also assessed.

Results:

Of 1117 women with unilateral stage I-III breast cancer, 315 (28%) received NST. Pre-NST, 26% were BCS eligible, 17% were borderline eligible, and 55% were ineligible. After NST, BCS eligibility increased from 26% to 42% (P < 0.0001). Among BCS-eligible patients after NST (n = 133), 41% chose mastectomy with reasons being patient preference (53%), BRCA or TP53 mutation (35%), and family history (5%). From 2006 to 2016, the rates of NST (P = 0.0012), clinical complete response (P < 0.0001), and bilateral mastectomy (P < 0.0001) increased, but the rate of BCS did not increase (P = 0.34).

Conclusion:

While the proportion of young women eligible for BCS increased after NST, many patients chose mastectomy, suggesting that surgical decisions are often driven by factors beyond extent of disease and treatment response.
Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms
Authors: Gupta Satyajeet , Borges Renee M.
Published: December 2020

Hitchhikers (phoretic organisms) identify their vehicles using species‐specific visual, chemical and vibrational cues. However, what factors influence their choice between vehicles of the same species has rarely been investigated.

Hitchhikers must not only avoid overcrowded vehicles but may also need to travel with conspecifics to ensure mates at their destination. Hence, a trade‐off between overcrowding and presence of conspecifics likely determines the choice of a vehicle especially when destination sites are distant, ephemeral and unique.

Here, we investigate whether a trade‐off between the presence of conspecifics versus overcrowding by conspecifics or heterospecifics on a vehicle affects hitchhiker choice. We also investigate the sensory modality responsible for this choice. We experimentally examine these questions using a phoretic nematode community (containing plant‐ and animal‐parasitic taxa) obligately associated with a brood‐site pollination mutualism. In this model system, nematodes co‐travel with conspecifics and heterospecifics on pollinators as vehicles, between ephemeral plant brood sites to complete their developmental life cycle. In this system, hitchhiker overcrowding has proven negative impacts on vehicle and plant fitness. We expected nematodes to respond to conspecifics and heterospecific density on offered vehicles when making their choice.

We found that animal‐parasitic nematodes preferred vehicles containing some conspecifics within a certain density range. However, plant‐parasitic nematodes preferentially boarded vehicles that were devoid of conspecifics or had few conspecifics. Plant parasites that preferred empty vehicles likely hitchhiked in pairs. Both nematode types employed volatile cues to discriminate between vehicles with different conspecific nematode densities. Our results suggest that vehicle overcrowding by conspecifics, most likely, guaranteed access to mates at the destination determined hitchhiker choice. Surprisingly, and contrary to our expectations, plant‐ and animal‐parasitic nematodes did not respond to heterospecific crowding on vehicles and did not discriminate between vehicles with different heterospecific nematode densities. The reason for this lack of response to heterospecific presence is unknown.

This study not only shows that phoretic organisms use different strategies while choosing a vehicle but also confirms that density‐dependent effects can ensure the stability and persistence of phoretic interactions in a mutualism by balancing overcrowding against reproductive assurance.
Personal and contextual components of resilience mediate risky family environment's effect on psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Rossi Rodolfo , Collazzoni Alberto , Talevi Dalila , Gibertoni Dino , Quarta Eleonora , Rossi Alessandro , Stratta Paolo , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Pacitti Francesca
Published: December 2020

Background

Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) index an increased risk for subsequent psychotic disorders. A risky family environment is a well‐established risk factor for PLEs; however, different contextual and personal resiliency factors may differentially mediate its effect on PLEs.

Objective

In this study, we propose a two‐dimensional model of resilience. Our aim is to address separately the mediational role of personal and contextual resiliency factors between a risky family environment and PLEs in a community sample.

Methods and materials

Five‐hundred University students completed an on‐line questionnaire, including the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the 16‐item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ‐16) and the Risky Family Questionnaire (RFQ). Mediation was assessed using Structural Equation Modelling with bootstrapping estimation of indirect effect.

Results

The direct effects of personal and contextual resilience on PLEs were respectively −0.69 [−0.97, −0.41] (P < .001) and − 0.19 [−0.58, 0.20] (ns); the indirect effect through personal resilience was 0.03[0.01, 0.04] (P < .001). Personal resilience mediated 27.4% of the total effect of risky family environment on PLEs.

Discussion

Personal resilience, as opposite to contextual resilience, mediates the effect of a risky family environment on PLEs. Low personal resilience may represent an individual risk factor that transmits the effect of risky family environment on PLEs and could represent a central aspect of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
Generation and basic characterization of a gene‐trap knockout mouse model of Scn2a with a substantial reduction of voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.2 expression
Authors: Eaton Muriel , Zhang Jingliang , Ma Zhixiong , Park Anthony C. , Lietzke Emma , Romero Chloé M. , Liu Yushuang , Coleman Emily R. , Chen Xiaoling , Xiao Tiange , Que Zhefu , Lai Shirong , Wu Jiaxiang , Lee Ji Hea , Palant Sophia , Nguyen Huynhvi P. , Huang Zhuo , Skarnes William C. , Koss Wendy A. , Yang Yang
Published: December 2020

Large‐scale genetic studies revealed SCN2A as one of the most frequently mutated genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. SCN2A encodes for the voltage‐gated sodium channel isoform 1.2 (Nav1.2) expressed in the neurons of the central nervous system. Homozygous knockout (null) of Scn2a in mice is perinatal lethal, whereas heterozygous knockout of Scn2a (Scn2a+/−) results in mild behavior abnormalities. The Nav1.2 expression level in Scn2a+/− mice is reported to be around 50–60% of the wild‐type (WT) level, which indicates that a close to 50% reduction of Nav1.2 expression may not be sufficient to lead to major behavioral phenotypes in mice. To overcome this barrier, we characterized a novel mouse model of severe Scn2a deficiency using a targeted gene‐trap knockout (gtKO) strategy. This approach produces viable homozygous mice (Scn2agtKO/gtKO) that can survive to adulthood, with about a quarter of Nav1.2 expression compared to WT mice. Innate behaviors like nesting and mating were profoundly disrupted in Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice. Notably, Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice have a significantly decreased center duration compared to WT in the open field test, suggesting anxiety‐like behaviors in a novel, open space. These mice also have decreased thermal and cold tolerance. Additionally, Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice have increased fix‐pattern exploration in the novel object exploration test and a slight increase in grooming, indicating a detectable level of repetitive behaviors. They bury little to no marbles and have decreased interaction with novel objects. These Scn2a gene‐trap knockout mice thus provide a unique model to study pathophysiology associated with severe Scn2a deficiency.
MUC4 is expressed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Forgó Erna , Hornick Jason L , Charville Gregory W
Published: December 2020

Aims

Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein normally expressed by several human epithelial surfaces, including those of the colon, vagina, and respiratory tract. Although MUC4 overexpression is seen in various carcinomas, its expression among mesenchymal neoplasms is fairly specific to low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. Having observed unanticipated anti‐MUC4 immunoreactivity in rhabdomyosarcoma, we aimed to further characterise its expression.

Methods and results

Expression of MUC4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a total of 97 rhabdomyosarcomas using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. MUC4 was expressed by 21 of 26 PAX3/7–FOXO1 fusion‐positive cases, wherein immunoreactivity, varying from weak to strong, was present in 20–100% of neoplastic cells. With the exception of one sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma showing immunoreactivity in 20% of cells, MUC4 was not expressed by embryonal (n = 28), sclerosing (n = 20), or pleomorphic (n = 23) rhabdomyosarcomas. Analysing published gene expression microarray data from a separate cohort of 33 fusion‐positive and 25 fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcomas, we found on average a 11.4‐fold increased expression in fusion‐positive tumours (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions

MUC4 is expressed to a variable extent in the majority of PAX3/7–FOXO1 fusion‐positive (alveolar) rhabdomyosarcomas, while expression in other rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes is rare.
Intersectionality and relations between oppressed groups: Intergroup implications of beliefs about intersectional differences and commonalities
Authors: Nair Rashmi , Vollhardt Johanna Ray
Published: December 2020

Social psychological research on relations between oppressed groups has highlighted the role of how people compare their own and other groups’ oppression—that is, comparative victim beliefs. However, this research has examined comparative victim beliefs concerning single‐identity groups such as ethnicity or religion. Consequently, beliefs regarding experiences of oppression based on multiple intersecting identities (e.g., race, class, and gender)—that is, intersectional consciousness—have been overlooked. Integrating research on comparative victim beliefs and intersectional consciousness, we investigated perceived privilege and oppression linked with peoples’ intersecting identities that can inform relations between oppressed communities—specifically, between Dalits (lower castes) and Muslims in the understudied context of India. Thematic analysis of individual interviews (N = 33) and focus groups (K = 12; N = 66) revealed distinct beliefs of differences and commonalities linked with intersectional experiences that can be sources of solidarity or tensions between oppressed groups. Along with making significant theoretical contributions, this research holds important implications for policymakers and activists who aim to forge coalitions between oppressed groups.
Screening donors for COVID‐19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Katz Jeffrey , Wanger Audrey , Bai Yu , Sridhar Sujatha , Patel Bela
Published: December 2020

Background

Convalescent plasma is used as a treatment for COVID‐19. Only limited data describe the efforts to recruit COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors. We describe our experience engaging persons recovered from COVID‐19 to donate CCP.

Study Design and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the CCP recruitment for an 11‐hospital health system in Houston, Texas. We sought CCP donations from: a) “volunteers” responding to advertisements in social media, press releases, and websites and b) “referred” individuals directed to the program or identified from hospitalization records. We determined the proportions of donor candidates who passed initial telephone health screening, who qualified after diagnostic testing, who presented to the regional CCP donation center, and who completed CCP donation.

Results

There were 900 CCP donor candidates, including 363 volunteers and 537 referred donors. Of 360 contacted volunteers, 186 (5.7%) were excluded by interview; 133 were referred for additional diagnostic screening, 97 completed donor antibody and antigen testing, and 87 were qualified for CCP donation, resulting in 35 CCP donations (9.7% of initial telephone contacts). Among 533 referred donors, 448 (84.1%) were excluded by interview, 71 were referred for additional screening, 48 completed donor antibody and antigen testing, and 40 were qualified for CCP donation, resulting in one CCP donation (0.2% of initial telephone contacts).

Conclusion

In this community, screening of a high number of candidates yielded a limited number of CCP donations. These observations have important implications for CCP donor recruitment and community pandemic planning.
A Cost-Effective Method for Preparing Robust and Conductive Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on Asphalt
Authors: Li Wenbin , Wang Yong , Feng Yanting , Wang Qing , Xu Xuexia , Li Guowei , Dong Guozhen , Jing Shangqian , Chen Ersong , Fan Xiaoliang , Wang Peng
Published: December 2020

The wide application of superhydrophobic materials is mainly hindered by the poor mechanical robustness and complicated preparation method. To overcome these problems, we tried to make a combination of hierarchical and self-similar structure by the means of a simple spraying method. By adding nanofiller (carbon nanotube) and microfiller (graphite powder and expanded graphite), the hierarchical structure was constructed. By further doping the fillers in the commercial asphalt uniformly, the self-similar structure was prepared. Based on the aforementioned work, the as-prepared sample could withstand the sandpaper abrasion for 12.00 m under 4.90 kPa. Moreover, this superhydrophobic coating demonstrated good conductivity, superior self-cleaning property, and excellent corrosion resistance. The integration of conductivity with the superhydrophobicity might open new avenues for ground grid applications.
A Comparison of Four Molecular Methods for Detection of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus in Peanut and Dried Shrimp Samples Collected from Local Markets around Pathum Thani Province, Thailand
Authors: Kumsiri Ratchanok , Kanchanaphum Panan
Published: December 2020

Aspergillus flavus is an aflatoxin-producing fungus which is poisonous to humans and animals when consumed. Detecting the fungus can help to prevent this danger. The four molecular methods, namely, conventional isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR, quantitative LAMP (qLAMP), and qPCR, were compared to determine their efficiency for A. flavus detection. Thirty samples of peanut and dried shrimp were collected from 15 markets around Pathum Thani Province in Thailand. The samples were artificially infected with 108 conidia/ml of A. flavus for 1 hr and enriched for one day to represent real contamination. The results show that the sensitivity detection for A. flavus in PCR, LAMP, qPCR, and qLAMP was 50 ng, 5 ng, 5 pg, and 5 pg, respectively. Aspergillus in 30 peanut and dried shrimp from the market was detected by all four methods. The detection rate was about 20%, 60%, 100%, and 100% with PCR, LAMP, qPCR, and qLAMP, respectively. The molecular detection technique, especially LAMP, qPCR, and qLAMP, can detect this pathogenic fungi very rapidly with high sensitivity and reliability in comparison to conventional PCR.
Bioengineering Approaches to Accelerate Clinical Translation of Stem Cell Therapies Treating Osteochondral Diseases
Authors: Wang Meng , Luo Yixuan , Yu Yin , Chen Fei
Published: December 2020

The osteochondral tissue is an interface between articular cartilage and bone. The diverse composition, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype in these two tissues pose a big challenge for the reconstruction of the defected interface. Due to the availability and inherent regenerative therapeutic properties, stem cells provide tremendous promise to repair osteochondral defect. This review is aimed at highlighting recent progress in utilizing bioengineering approaches to improve stem cell therapies for osteochondral diseases, which include microgel encapsulation, adhesive bioinks, and bioprinting to control the administration and distribution. We will also explore utilizing synthetic biology tools to control the differentiation fate and deliver therapeutic biomolecules to modulate the immune response. Finally, future directions and opportunities in the development of more potent and predictable stem cell therapies for osteochondral repair are discussed.
Highly Portable and Sensitive Filter-Based Antibody-or DNA Aptamer-Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Detection of Potential Bacterial Pathogens Proximal to Agricultural Fields
Authors: Bruno John G.
Published: December 2020

A novel, sensitive, rapid and highly portable system consisting of a membrane filtration unit connected to a large syringe with tubing was used to detect Escherchia coli and Salmonella enterica bacteria in a mobile laboratory setting. These simple fluorescent enzyme-linked
molecular assays consisted of biotinylated DNA aptamers or antibodies which were allowed to bind the target bacteria and be deposited on 0.45 μm pore size membrane filters by suction, followed by binding of streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate, wash steps and development in Amplex® UltraRed
(AUR; resazurin derivative) with hydrogen peroxide activation. Fluorescence values of developed AUR from the filter surface were assessed with a commercially-available handheld fluorometer. Preliminary data indicate detection limits in the range of 50–110 E. coli and Salmonella
bacterial cells per sample with good specificity and total processing times under one hour.
Exercise Promotion: Reviewing the Importance of Health Professionals’ Interpersonal Behaviors on Exercisers’ Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Macedo Rita
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have investigated the impact of exercisers’ perceptions of health professionals’ interpersonal behaviors on exercisers’ exercise adherence. From these studies, there is increased interest in developing and evaluating programs to improve health professionals’ communication skills and interpersonal behavior. In this narrative review, we provide examples of self-determination theory and newer modifications to it, discuss the empirical conditions that foster optimal exerciser motivation, consider the antecedent factors influencing health professionals’ behaviors, and offer practical suggestions to health professionals seeking to promote regular exercise practice. Since exercisers perceive and differentiate health professionals’ need-supportive, need-thwarting, and need-passive behaviors, health professionals who can critically and consciously distinguish these different types of behavior are more likely to foster supportive climates and suppress the use of need-thwarting and need-indifferent behaviors. The interpersonal interaction between health professionals and exercisers strongly influences how exercisers will regulate their behavior toward persistent exercise.
Associations among Bullying Victimization, Family Dysfunction, Negative Affect, and Bullying Perpetration in Macanese Adolescents
Authors: Chui Wing Hong , Weng Xue , Khiatani Paul Vinod
Published: December 2020

Bullying has become one of the most significant problem behaviors that school-aged adolescents face. The current study examines the strain–delinquency relationship by employing General Strain Theory as a guiding framework. “Strain” was operationalized as bullying victimization and family dysfunction, “delinquency” was operationalized as bullying perpetration, and “negative affect” was operationalized as anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out based on a group of 2,139 Macanese schoolchildren. Using a structural equation modeling technique, the results revealed that exposure to family dysfunction and bullying victimization was associated with adolescents’ negative affect, such as anxiety and depression. Contrary to our expectations, the indirect effect of victimization on bullying through negative affect was negative, though the mediation effect was relatively small and only significant in boys. In addition, gender analyses of invariance showed that male adolescents who experienced more family conflict and parental control were less likely to engage in bullying. This study could lead to further anti-bullying interventions and practical efforts designed to improve positive parenting and adolescents’ interpersonal skills.
Volunteering Served as a Transitional Role That Enhances the Well-Being and Cognitive Health Among Older Adults With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Lee Kathy , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Richardson Virginia E.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

We examined whether volunteering among older adults with cognitive impairments serves as a transitional role that can enhance these older persons’ well-being and cognitive health.

Methods:

Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we selected older adults with cognitive impairments ( N = 472) and developed linear mixed models to assess associations between volunteering and health outcomes.

Results:

Volunteers in our sample were mostly females, non-Hispanic whites, those with higher income, and those with a high-school diploma. Volunteering was associated with higher levels of self-rated health, and consistent participation in volunteer work was related to stronger feelings of purpose in life. Cognitive health slightly improved over time only among those who volunteered.

Discussion:

We demonstrate that cognitive impaired older adults’ participation in the volunteer role can benefit cognitive health while strengthening their late life resilience.
Distractions and Defractions: Using Parental Rights to Fight Against the Educational Rights of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Diverse Students
Authors: Mayo Cris
Published: December 2020

In recent years, conservative advocates have obscured their transphobia by framing their concerns as religiously-based parental rights claims. They have advocated for limitations on youth rights to gender identity self-determination. This article examines policy debates over transgender-inclusive practices in schools, including conservative demands for parental notification and limitations on healthcare access for transgender youth. I suggest that schools ought to be more concerned with children’s or students’ rights to help enable diverse students to flourish and become who they are in supportive schools. This shift would move schools away from the distractions of conservative parental rights claims and re-focus them instead on the needs of students.
Deservingness, Conditionality and Public Perceptions of Work Disability: The Influence of Economic Inequality
Authors: Ciccia Rossella , French Declan , Kee Frank , O’Doherty Mark
Published: December 2020

This article contributes to classical debates about the role of self-interest and social norms in shaping the moral economy of work and welfare by incorporating economic inequalities in the analysis of opinions about welfare deservingness. The relationship between inequality and perceptions of work conditionality has received little attention in previous studies. This article addresses this issue by investigating the association between economic inequalities and perceived work limitations of disabled people experiencing various conditions related to health using vignettes from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The results show that people living in areas with higher levels of wealth inequality, but not income inequality, were more likely to rate the vignettes as limited in the amount of work that individuals can do due to health problems. This finding casts doubts on the crucial role attributed to self-interest as the central mechanism linking economic inequality and solidaristic, pro-welfare attitudes.
Source Trust and COVID-19 Information Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Emotions and Beliefs About Sharing
Authors: Lu Linqi , Liu Jiawei , Yuan Y. Connie , Burns Kelli S. , Lu Enze , Li Dongxiao
Published: December 2020

Health information sharing has become especially important during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic because people need to learn about the disease and then act accordingly. This study examines the perceived trust of different COVID-19 information sources (health professionals, academic institutions, government agencies, news media, social media, family, and friends) and sharing of COVID-19 information in China. Specifically, it investigates how beliefs about sharing and emotions mediate the effects of perceived source trust on source-specific information sharing intentions. Results suggest that health professionals, academic institutions, and government agencies are trusted sources of information and that people share information from these sources because they think doing so will increase disease awareness and promote disease prevention. People may also choose to share COVID-19 information from news media, social media, and family as they cope with anxiety, anger, and fear. Taken together, a better understanding of the distinct psychological mechanisms underlying health information sharing from different sources can help contribute to more effective sharing of information about COVID-19 prevention and to manage negative emotion contagion during the pandemic.
Unexpected amaurosis occurring after peribulbar anesthesia: Exploring the causes in two cases
Authors: Rezkallah Amina , Gargori Nezar , Denis Philippe , Waldmann Véronique , Mathis Thibaud , Kodjikian Laurent
Published: December 2020

Peribulbar anesthesia (PB) is known to be safer than retrobulbar (RB) anesthesia. To our knowledge, no amaurosis has been described after PB. We report here the cases of two patients who underwent PB before membrane peeling. The injections were administered with a 25-gauge, 22-mm bevel disposable needle. The anesthetic used was ropivacaine 1% with a volume of 8 ml and 75 µg of clonidine as an adjuvant (7.5 µg/ml). Given that complete akinesia was not achieved, a second injection of 2 ml was administered in the supero-medial injection site. Thirty minutes after the PB, the first patient experienced amaurosis with no light perception (LP). The ophthalmic examination was normal. Visual acuity recovered after 1 day. Regarding the second patient, the loss of VA was observed 20 min after the PB. IOP was 20 mmHg. The anterior segment and fundus exam were normal. Rubin found the PB technique to be as effective and safer than RB injection, as the needles are not supposed to enter the RB space and Davis and Mandel found no amaurosis after PB. PB is administered via the extraconal injection of an anesthetic agent. These amaurosis might be explained by the fact that some anesthetic may have penetrated the RB space. In cases where two PB injections are administered, the anatomy is expected to change due to the volume effect of the first injection. The second injection is higher risk as it is administered closer to the optic nerve.
Not a moment too soon: A juncture of BDSM and race
Authors: Cruz Ariane
Published: December 2020

This piece reflects on the contemporary scholarly juncture of bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM) and race. After a period largely marked by the invisibility and marginalization of racialized sexuality in the study of kink, scholars have recently taken up race, specifically blackness, as central not periphery to the study of BDSM. Intervening in and building upon a black feminist tradition that has historically exhibited an ambivalent relationship to topics of BDSM, pornography, and sex work in the context of black female sexuality specifically as well as an investment in politics of respectability, this work illuminates the racialized erotics of pleasure and power at the core of sexuality.
Navigating ambiguous negativity: A case study of Twitch.tv live chats
Authors: Mihailova Teodora
Published: December 2020

On Twitch.tv, the gaming-oriented live streaming platform, users interact by sharing and viewing gameplay and participating in live chats. Negativity in online gaming is often explored on a large scale using broad categories. This study offers a nuanced look at Twitch.tv communities dedicated to the Dark Souls game series to examine the descriptive and injunctive community norms surrounding both aggressive negativity and ambiguous negativity, which involves interactions where the valence is not obvious and must be interpreted based on community-specific meanings and rules. This study systematically analyzed excerpts of chats and stream recordings of 22 live streamed sessions. It found ambiguous negativity was prevalent in cases of cursing, game jargon, banter, spam, and sarcasm. Aggressive negativity was rare but manifested in exclusionary language and banter gone too far. The response of community members and collective acceptance or rejection of such negativity was not clearly defined.
The role of compassion in ethical frameworks and medical practice
Authors: Fairchild Acadia
Published: December 2020

Medicine has made great strides with advances in technology and outcomes. However, compassion is an element that often is missing from medical care and ethics. The paper discusses why compassion is the ideal physician and why it is important to medicine. The benefit of compassion in biomedical ethics by exploring three ethical frameworks is also explored. Compassion is an important concept that has a place in both medical care and ethical practice.
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Do Results Differ by Sex or Race/Ethnicity?
Authors: Bassuk Shari S. , Chandler Paulette D. , Buring Julie E. , Manson JoAnn E. ,   for the VITAL Research Group
Published: December 2020

Whether vitamin D or marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation reduces risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations at usual risk for these outcomes is relatively unexplored in randomized trials. The primary goal of the VITamin D and Omeg A-3 Tria L (VITAL), a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and marine n-3 fatty acids (1 g/day) in the primary prevention of cancer and CVD among 25 871 US men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥55 years, was to fill these knowledge gaps. Studying the influence of sex and race/ethnicity on treatment-related outcomes was a prespecified goal; such analyses help ensure that important effects are not missed and contribute to the foundation for developing targeted recommendations for supplement use. To enable investigation of potential sex- and race-specific treatment effects, trial investigators enrolled an even balance of men (n = 12 786) and women (n = 13 085) and oversampled African Americans (n = 5106). Significant or suggestive variation in intervention effects according to sex, race/ethnicity, and other participant characteristics was observed for some, though not all, outcomes. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive a net benefit from vitamin D or n-3 fatty acid supplementation. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
ДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СИЛЕРОВ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ КОРНЕВЫХ КАНАЛОВ ПОД ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЗУБОВ
Authors: Marugina Tatyana Leonidovna , Levenets Anatolij Aleksandrovich , Kiprin Dmitry Vladimirovich , Cherevatenko Anna Igorevna
Published: December 2020

При планировании ортопедического восстановления зубов активно используется эндодонтическая подготовка корневых каналов и от качества и герметичности обтурации зависит успех как ортопедического восстановления, так и нормального состояния периодонта в долгосрочной перспективе. Сравнительный анализ различных силеров показал степень их эффективности в отношении устранения клинических симптомов, а также сохранении функции зуба.Цель. Повышение эффективности лечения осложненного кариеса при подготовке корневых каналов под постэндодонтическое ортопедическое восстановление.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 283 пациента, разделенные на 3 группы в зависимости от вида силера: 1-AH plus 2-ABT Sealer 3-Bioroot RCS. Оценка рентгенологических показателей и качества обтурации проводилась на основе КЛКТ, оценка наличия симптомов воспаления местных тканей и состоятельность ортопедической конструкции оценивалась клинически в полости рта. Результаты оценивали через 6,12,24 месяца. Оценка эффективности лечения и качества обтурации проводилась в соответствии с директивами Европейского общества эндодонтологии.Результаты. При лечении пульпита все случаи соответствовали критерию «успех», при лечении хронических форм периодонтита лучший показатель выявлен во 2 группе при лечении как однокорневых, так и многокорневых зубов, с незначительным снижением результативности в третьей группе.Заключение. Использование ABT Sealer обуславливает статистически достоверное высокое качество обтурации, как в однокорневых, так и в многокорневых зубах, в то время как использование силера Bioroot RCS обуславливает высокое качество обтурации при строгом соблюдении протокола биомеханической обработки канала. При использовании силера AH Plus отмечается недостаточное качество обтурации в многокорневых зубах.
SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AMONG CADETS OF MILITARY INSTITUTES
Authors: Lagutin Andrey , Sidorina Tatyana
Published: December 2020

When carrying out professional activities, officers of the VNG of the Russian Federation are often in difficult, stressful, emotionally stressful situations associated with the use of weapons as a particularly dangerous means of destruction. The right to use a weapon by an officer makes him responsible for its use. And therefore requires the officer to make a balanced optimal decision, which is associated with the risk and transience of events, and in which no mistake can be made, since the price of it can be someone's life. It is at such a moment that it is important that the officer has stable skills in making a decision on the use of weapons, and this requires skills not only in managing subordinates or the situation,but in managing himself. The complication of the military-professional activity, manifested in the need to develop the ability to quickly and accurately make command decisions, exacerbating the problem of social responsibility of an officer who has the management of unit that leads to an understanding of his singular personal and professional responsibility, as the ability to govern themselves makes it possible to achieve a positive result of the Department for the DBA. This characterizes the need for a commander to have the ability to manage himself, as a "system" that manages others. Forming skills of self-control, patience, compassion, having mastered algorithms of making managerial decisions, the cycle of implementing managerial functions, etc., a person comes to the belief: "before effectively managing others, it is necessary to learn how to manage yourself." The required level of personal and professional maturity can be formed in a person as a result of purposeful self-management, which determines the special role of professional and personal self-management in the training of future officers.
19.34  cm2 large-area quaternary organic photovoltaic module with 12.36% certified efficiency
Authors: Jia Ziyan , Chen Zeng , Chen Xu , Yao Jizhong , Yan Buyi , Sheng Rui , Zhu Haiming , Yang Yang (Michael)
Published: December 2020

In this study, a quaternary blending strategy was applied in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices and large-area modules. As a result, the ultimate quaternary organic solar cells (OSCs) deliver 16.71% efficiency for small-area devices and 13.25% for large-area (

19.34
  

cm

2

) modules (certified as 12.36%), which is one of the highest efficiencies for organic solar modules to date. Our results have proved the synergistic effects of multiple components in OSCs, providing an effective strategy for achieving high-performance organic photovoltaic devices and modules.
Endodontide Ozonun Kullanımı
Authors: ERDOĞAN Deniz , ERDEMİR Ali
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Ozon, oksitleyici özelliğinden dolayı uzun yıllardan
beri tıp ve diş hekimliği alanlarında başarıyla kullanılan mükemmel bir
antimikrobiyal ajandır. Ozon oral dokulara; ozon gazı, ozonlu su ve ozonlu yağ
olarak uygulanabilir. Ozonun endodontide; irigasyon solüsyonu, antimikrobiyal
ajan, kanal içi medikament olarak kullanımı, ayrıca dental adezivlere ve
postoperatif ağrı kontrolüne etkisi de gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu derlemenin
amacı; ozonun etkileri ve endodontideki kullanım alanlarına yönelik fikir
vermektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Bulgular:Sonuçlar:Anahtar Kelimeler: antimikrobiyal; endodonti; irigasyon; ozonlu su;
ozon gazı
PENDAMPINGAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH BAGI GURU-GURU SMA KECAMATAN JALAKSANA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Prayitno Anggar Titis , Adiastuty Nuranita
Published: December 2020

AbstrakSalah satu wujud pengembangan keprofesianalan guru adalah menulis artikel ilmiah dan publikasi artikel ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, hendaknya guru terus belajar menulis artikel ilmiah untuk diseminarkan maupun dipublikasikan di jurnal. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar guru belum mampu menghasilkan dan melakukan publikasi ilmiah. Tujuan kegiatan pengaabdian ini adalah meningkatkan motivasi dan kemampuan guru dalam menulis artikel ilmiah dari hasil penelitian yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu persyaratan pengajuan kenaikan pangkat sehingga berdampak juga terhadap profesionalitas guru. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilaksanakan menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan simulasi. Kegiatan pelatihan penulissan artikel ilimah yang telah dilaksanakan dapat meningkatkan motivasi guru untuk menulis artikel ilmiah; guru memiliki pengetahuan dan kemampuan memilih tempat publikasi yang sesuai; guru memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara mencari sumber refrensi mutakhir melalui google scholar; guru memiliki pengetahuan tentang trik untuk publikasi artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian; guru dapat mengetahui bagaimana membuat draft artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian sesuai dengan tamplate jurnal yang dituju; seluruh peserta pelatihan memiliki pandangan positif terhadap pelatihan penulisan artikel ilmiah dan memandang tingkat kebermanfaatan pelatihan pada tingkat bermanfaat dan sangat bermanfaat.AbstractOne form of teacher professional development is writing scientific articles and publishing scientific articles. Therefore, teachers should continue to learn to write scientific articles to be disseminated or published in journals. The reality on the ground shows that most teachers have not been able to produce and do scientific publications. The purpose of this service activity is toincrease the motivation and ability of teachers to write scientific articles from the results of research that can be used as one of the requirements for submission of promotions so that it also impacts on teacher professionalism. Community service activities carried out using lecture, question and answer and simulation methods. Scientific article writing training activities that have been implemented can increase the motivate teachers to write scientific articles; the teacher has the knowledge and ability to choose a proper place of publication; the teacher has knowledge of how to find the latest sources of reference through google scholar; the teacher has knowledge of tricks for publishing scientific articles on research results; the teacher can know how to make a draft scientific article based on the results of the intended research template; all trainees have a positive view of the training in writing scien
Saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde no Brasil no contexto da pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Dantas Eder Samuel Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A pandemia causada pela Covid-19 tem afetado negativamente a Saúde Mental de profissionais de saúde, especialmente os que trabalham na linha de frente assistencial, pois lidam diariamente com o medo de se infectarem e infectarem os outros, a carência de equipamentos de proteção individual e a sobrecarga de trabalho. Este texto objetiva discutir as nuances relacionadas à Saúde Mental dos profissionais de saúde do Brasil em tempos de pandemia por Covid-19. Elenca a importância da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (Raps) como instrumento de apoio aos profissionais que precisam de cuidados de base territorial e destaca a resiliência psicológica como estratégia de enfrentamento das adversidades oriundas da pandemia. Ademais, sabe-se que os desafios relacionados à Saúde Mental permanecem urgentes e merecem, das autoridades sanitárias no Brasil, o devido valor.