bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salt-marsh sedimentation affected by storm surges and anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Tognin Davide , D'Alpaos Andrea , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Marani Marco , Carniello Luca
Published: March 2022

Salt marshes are upper-intertidal landforms that support critical ecosystem services. They protect coasts, buffering wave activity and filtering inland water fluxes; store atmospheric carbon and provide also unique habitats for wildlife. However, accelerating sea-level rise and lowered riverine sediment input are challenging their survival and, thus, net losses in marsh areas observed worldwide are of concern. Moreover, many estuarine and lagoonal marshes are surrounded by coastal urban areas that increasingly need to be protected from flooding because of the effect of climate change. But the effects of human-induced flood regulation on salt-marsh morphodynamic evolution are still poorly investigated. Understanding the physical processes driving marsh sedimentation that let them keep pace with sea-level rise and how they are affected by human interventions is crucial to design conservation and management strategies.

To better understand the spatial and temporal sedimentation dynamics on salt marshes, we measured short-term sedimentation through field observation in the salt marshes of the Venice Lagoon (Italy), where a storm-surge barrier, known as Mo.S.E. system, has become operational since October 2020.

Sedimentation measurements carried out in the period October 2018-December 2021 show that more than 70% of yearly sedimentation accumulates during storm-surge conditions, despite their short duration. The different exposure to the action of tide and wind waves also controls the spatial sedimentation patterns that differ on channel- and mudflat-facing marshes, thus signing their topography. Owing to higher water levels and greater suspended sediment concentration, marsh sedimentation is mainly driven by enhanced inundation during storm surges, which need to be regulated to avoid extensive flooding in the close city of Venice. We quantified that the sedimentation reduction due to the lower marsh inundation in a flood-regulated scenario suffices to reduce the yearly sedimentation by more than 25%.

We conclude that storm-surge barrier operations have to be carefully managed to avoid affecting salt-marsh resilience to sea-level rise.
Study of Downscaling Techniques and Standings of Bias Corrected Global Climate Models for Brahmani Basin at Odisha, India
Authors: Rao Minduri Uma Maheswar , Patra Kanhu Charan , Jahan Akhtar
Published: March 2022

Climate change is emerging as one of the most pressing issues facing our environment since it will have severe consequences for both natural and human systems. The ability to estimate future climate is required to investigate the influence of climate change on a river basin. The most reliable instruments for simulating climate change are Global Climate Models (GCMs), also known as General Circulation Models. The performance of a precipitation simulation for the Brahmani river basin spanning 94 locations (with a grid resolution of 0.25° X 0.25°) is evaluated in the present study. The observed and model historical temperature datasets cover the period from 2000-2019. Twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project – Phase 6 (CMIP6) GCMs (ACCESS- CM2, CESM2, CIESM, FGOALS- g3, HadGEM3, GFDL- ESM4, INM- CM5-0, MIROC- ES2L, NESM3, UKESM1, MPI- ESM1, NorESM2) are used for the climate variable (Pr) using five indicators of performance. Indicators used are Average Absolute Relative Deviation (AARD), Skill Score (SS), Absolute Normalized Mean Bias Deviation (ANMBD), Correlation Coefficient (CC), Normalized Root Mean Square Deviation (NRMSD). GCMs are downscaled to finer spatial resolution before ranking them. The statistical downscaling technique is applied to eliminate the systematic biases in GCM simulations. Weights are determined using the Entropy technique for each performance metric. Cooperative Game Theory (CGT), Compromise programming (CP), Weighted Average Technique, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Preference Ranking Organization Method of Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE-2) methods are utilized to rank the GCMs for the study area. GDM is an approach utilized to integrate the ranking techniques of GCMs to get a collective single rank. The results obtained for precipitation suggest that MIROC-ES2L, HadGEM3, GFDL-ESM4, UKESM1, FGOALS-g3 are the top five models that are preferred for the prediction of precipitation in the Brahmani River Basin.
Feedbacks between water erosion and soil thinning
Authors: Batista Pedro , Evans Daniel , Cândido Bernardo , Fiener Peter
Published: March 2022

Soil erosion rates frequently exceed the pace at which new soil is formed. This imbalance can lead to soil thinning (i.e., truncation) whereby subsoil horizons, and the underlying parent material, emerge progressively closer to the land surface. These subsurface horizons may have contrasting physical, chemical, and biological properties from those of the original topsoil. Hence, soil thinning can induce changes in topsoil erodibility – a fact that has been largely overlooked in erosion modelling research and could affect long-term projections of soil erosion rates. Here we present a model-based exploration of the potential feedbacks between water erosion and soil thinning, using measured data from 265 agricultural soil profiles in the United Kingdom. We simulated annual erosion rates on these soil profiles with the Modified Morgan-Morgan-Finey model, assuming time-constant land cover, topographic, and rainfall parameters. As the original topsoil was successively removed, our model gradually mixed the subsurface horizons into a 20 cm ploughing layer. We applied this modelling framework on a yearly time-step over a 500-year period, or until the ploughing layer reached the bottom of the lowermost soil horizon. Soil texture, stone cover, and soil organic carbon content for the ploughing layer were recalculated for each time-step through a mass-balance model. Soil bulk density and soil moisture content at field capacity were estimated for each time-step by pedo-transfer functions developed from our own dataset. In addition, we employed a Monte Carlo simulation with 100 iterations per year to provide a forward error assessment of the modelled soil losses. We found that simulated erosion rates on 42 % of the soil profiles were sensitive to truncation-induced changes in soil properties during the analysed period. Among the profiles sensitive to soil thinning, 68 % displayed a negative trend in modelled erosion rates. This was largely explained by decreasing silt contents on the surface soil due to selective removal of this more erodible particle size fraction and the presence of clayey or sandy substrata. Moreover, an increased residual stone cover shielded the surface soils from detachment by raindrop impact and surface runoff. The soil profiles with a positive trend in erosion rates were characterised by the presence of siltier subsoil horizons, which increased topsoil erodibility as they were mixed into the ploughing layer. Overall, our results demonstrated how modelled erosion rates could be sensitive to truncation-induced changes in soil properties, which in turn may accelerate or slow down soil thinning. These feedbacks are likely to affect how we calculate soil lifespans and make long-term projections of land degradation.
Towards an improved understanding of vertical land motion and sea-level change in eastern North America
Authors: Parang Soran , Milne Glenn A. , Karegar Makan A. , Tarasov Lev
Published: March 2022

Many coastal cities are an early casualty in climate-related coastal flooding because of processes resulting in land subsidence and thus enhanced relative sea-level (RSL) rise. Much of the Atlantic coast of North America has been sinking for thousands of years, at a maximum rate of ~20 cm per century as a consequence of solid Earth deformation in response to deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet (between ~18,000 and ~7,000 years ago) [e.g. Love et al., Earth's Future, 4(10), 2016]. Karegar et al. [Geophysical Research Letters, 43(7), 2016] have shown that vertical land motion along the Atlantic coast of the USA is an important control on nuisance flooding. A key finding in this study is that while glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is the dominant process driving land subsidence in most areas, there can be large deviations from this signal due to the influence of anthropogenic activity impacting hydrological processes. For example, between Maine (45°N) and New Hampshire (43°N), the GPS data show uplift while geological data show long-term subsidence. The cause of this discrepancy is not clear, but one hypothesis is increasing water mass associated with the James Bay Hydroelectric Project in Quebec [Karegar et al., Scientific Reports, 7, 2017].

The primary aim of this study is to better constrain and understand the processes that contribute to contemporary and future vertical land motion in this region to produce improved projections of mean sea-level change and nuisance flooding. The first step towards achieving these aims is to determine a GIA model parameter set that is compatible with observations of past sea-level change for this region. We make use of two regional RSL data compilations: Engelhart and Horton [Quaternary Science Reviews, 54, 2012] for northern USA and Vacchi et al. [Quaternary Science Reviews, 201, 2018] for Eastern Canada, comprising a total of 1013 data points (i.e., sea level index points and limiting data points) over 38 regions distributed throughout our study region. These data are well suited to determine optimal GIA model parameters due to the magnitude of other signals being much smaller, particularly in near-field regions such as Eastern Canada. We consider a suite of 32 ice history models that is comprised mainly of a subset from Tarasov et al. [Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 315–316, 2012] as well as the ICE-6G and ANU models. We have computed RSL for these ice histories using a state-of-the-art sea-level calculator and 440 1-D Earth viscosity models per each ice history model to identify a set of Earth model parameters that is compatible with the observations.
High consistency of trophic niches in soil microarthropod species (Oribatida, Acari) across soil depth and forest type
Authors: Lu Jingzhong , Scheu Stefan
Published: March 2022

Generalist species vary in resource use with environments. High intraspecific variation in resource use may hamper trophic niche differentiation and coexistence of microarthropod species. To better understand intraspecific niche variation, we quantified stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) within and between populations of 40 Oribatida species (Acari) that co-occur in litter (OL) and soil (0–5 cm, mainly OF/H, AH) of five forest types (native European beech, non-native Douglas fir, range-expanding Norway spruce, two beech–conifer mixed forests). Although stable isotope signature of bulk material differed between litter and soil, δ13C and δ15N values of Oribatida species were remarkably stable irrespective of soil depth. Furthermore, Oribatida were more enriched in 13C in European beech than in coniferous forests, but δ15N values of Oribatida were similar across forest types. We conclude that trophic position (δ15N values) of Oribatida species is highly consistent across forest type, and that Oribatida species occupy virtually identical trophic niches (δ13C and δ15N values) irrespective of the soil depth they colonize. Despite that stable isotope analysis cannot reveal what animals actually feed on, our results suggest that low intraspecific variability facilitates niche differentiation and coexistence of Oribatida species. Overall, the results indicate that generalist species of soil microarthropods may be highly consistent in their resource use irrespective of environments. 
Full-kinetic global simulations of the plasma environment at Mercury: a model from planetary to electrons scales to support BepiColombo
Authors: Lavorenti Federico , Henri Pierre , Califano Francesco , Deca Jan , Aizawa Sae , Andre Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Mercury is the only telluric planet of the solar system, other than Earth, with an intrinsic magnetic field. Thus, the Hermean surface is shielded from the impinging solar wind via the presence of an “Earth-like” magnetosphere. However, this cavity is twenty times smaller than its alike at the Earth. The relatively small extension of the Hermean magnetosphere enables us to model it using global full-kinetic simulation with the aid of modern supercomputers. Such modeling is crucial to interpret, and prepare, the future observations of the ongoing joint ESA-JAXA mission BepiColombo.

The model used in this work is based on three-dimensional, implicit full-PIC simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and Mercury’s magnetosphere (i.e. at 0.3-0.47 AU). This model includes self-consistently the ion and electron physics down to kinetic electron scales. On top of that, we show comparisons between in-situ observations by Mariner-X and BepiColombo space missions. This comparison allows us (i) to validate our model and (ii) to gain insights into the electron dynamics in the Hermean environment, thought to be governed by kinetic-scale processes.

First, we validate our model through a qualitative comparison between three-dimensional outcomes of our global simulations and the ones of reduced fluid/hybrid simulations (in the context of the SHOTS collaboration). Moreover, comparison with in-situ Mariner-X observations during its first Mercury flyby complete the validation of our model. Second, we study the global dynamics of electrons showing regions where strongest particle acceleration/energization occurs, giving quantitative estimate of electron temperature anisotropy in the Hermean environment. Such results are used to interpret past, and plan future, BepiColombo in-situ observations.
Experimental assessment of corrosion influence in reinforced concrete by GPR 
Authors: Artagan Salih , Borecky Vladislav , Yurdakul Özgür , Luňák Miroslav
Published: March 2022

Corrosion is one of the most critical issues leading to damage in reinforced concrete structures. In most cases, the detection of corrosion damage is performed by visual inspection. Other techniques (drilling cores with petrography or chemical examination, potential measurements, and resistivity measurements) require minimum destruction since they can be utilized by reaching the reinforcement bar [1]. Recently, there has been an increasing trend to use Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) as one of the emerging non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in the diagnosis of corrosion [2].

This paper focuses on a series of GPR tests on specimens constructed from poor-quality concrete and plain round bar. These specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion tests under laboratory conditions. The corrosion intensity of those specimens is non-destructively assessed with GPR, by collecting data before and after corrosion tests. For GPR tests, the IDS Aladdin system was used with a double polarized 2 GHz antenna. Based on GPR measurement, Relative Dielectric Permittivity (RDP) values of concrete, are calculated based on the known dimension of specimens and two-way travel time (twt) values obtained from A-scans. The change in RDP values of specimens before and after exposure to corrosion is then computed. Moreover, amplitude change and variation in frequency spectrum before and after corrosion exposure are analyzed.

The results of this experimental study thus indicate that corrosion damage in reinforced concrete can be determined by using several GPR signal attributes. More laboratory tests are required for better quantification of the impact of the corrosion phenomenon in reinforced concrete.

All GPR tests were conducted in Educational and Research Centre in Transport; Faculty of Transport Engineering; University of Pardubice. This work is supported by the University of Pardubice (Project No: CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016969).

[1]        V. Sossa, V. Pérez-Gracia, R. González-Drigo, M. A. Rasol, Lab Non Destructive Test to Analyze the Effect of Corrosion on Ground Penetrating Radar Scans, Remote Sensing. 11 (2019) 2814. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232814.

[2]        K. Tešić, A. Baričević, M. Serdar, Non-Destructive Corrosion Inspection of Reinforced Concrete Using Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Review, Materials. 14 (2021) 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040975.
A new spectral boundary integral equation method for antiplane problems
Authors: Kunnath Ranjith
Published: March 2022

The spectral boundary integral equation (SBIE) method is widely used for numerical modeling of earthquake ruptures at a planar interface between two elastic half-spaces. It was originally proposed by Geubelle and Rice (1995) based on the boundary integral formulation of Budiansky and Rice (1979). The distinguishing feature of the formulation is that it involves performing elastodynamic space-time convolution of the displacement discontinuities at the interface between the two solids. The method was extended to bi-material interfaces by Geubelle and Breitenfeld (1997) and Breitenfeld and Geubelle (1998). An alternative boundary integral formulation to that of Budiansky and Rice (1979) is that of Kostrov (1966), where the elastodynamic space-time convolution is done of the tractions at the interface between the two solids. A SBIE method based on the latter formulation was proposed by Ranjith (2015) for plane strain. In the present work, the SBIE method for antiplane strain based on the formulation of Kostrov (1966) is proposed and compared with other approaches. Illustrations of the use of the method for simulating dynamic antiplane ruptures at bi-material interfaces are given.
Event clustering approach for flood frequency analysis
Authors: Ganapathy Abinesh , Agarwal Ankit
Published: March 2022

Design flood obtained under stationary conditions is obsolete in capturing the modulations induced by anthropogenic climate change. This leads researchers to employ the non-stationary approach to analyze the flood frequency. In that regard, hydroclimatic connections between extreme events and large scale climate drivers can be incorporated in flood frequency analysis by conditioning the distribution parameters with the climate covariates. However, more than one mechanism can drive floods, thus consideration of flood events as one category may neglect potential links or give rise to spurious connections. This necessitates the clustering of flood events based on its flood generating mechanisms to incorporate the climate drivers better. Therefore, this study focuses on grouping flood events based on the shape of hydrographs by using the time series clustering technique, based on the concept that the statistical shape of the flood hydrograph represents the hydrologic processes over the region. Germany, divided into three different streamflow regimes & driven by multiple flood mechanisms, is considered as the study area. Climate network is employed to identify the climate drivers of each cluster. The non-stationary flood frequency analysis is then carried out on the individual clusters using the identified climate covariates. Return flood values obtained from this study’s results are compared against the traditional stationary and climate conditioned non-stationary values. Thus, this study better represents the local/climate drivers' influence on the flood frequency at the changing climate conditions.
Predicting the occurrence of extreme El Nino events based on Schumann resonancemeasurements?
Authors: Bozoki Tamas , Williams Earle , Satori Gabriella , Beggan Ciaran D. , Price Colin , Steinbach Peter , Guha Anirban , Liu Yakun , Neska Anne , Boldi Robert , Atkinson Mike
Published: March 2022

Multi-station observations of Schumann resonance (SR) intensity document common behavior in the evolution of continental-scale lightning activity in two super El Niño events, occurring in 1997/98 and 2015/16. The vertical electric field component of SR at Nagycenk, Hungary and the two horizontal magnetic field components in Rhode Island, USA in 1997, and in 2014-2015, the two horizontal magnetic field components at Hornsund, Svalbard and Eskdalemuir, United Kingdom as well as in Boulder Creek, California and Alberta, Canada exhibit considerable increases in SR intensity from some tens of percent up to a few hundred percent in the transition months preceding the two super El Niño events. The UT time distribution of anomalies in SR intensity indicates that in 1997 the lightning activity increased mainly in Southeast Asia, the Maritime Continent and India, i.e. the Asian chimney region. On the other hand, a global response in lightning is indicated by the anomalies in SR intensity in 2014 and 2015. SR-based results are strengthened by comparison to independent lightning observations from the Optical Transient Detector and the World Wide Lightning Location Network, which also exhibit increased lightning activity in the transition months. The increased lightning is attributable to increased instability due to thermodynamic disequilibrium between the surface and the mid-troposphere during the transition. Our main conclusion is that variations in SR intensity may act as a precursor for the occurrence and magnitude of these extreme climate events, and in keeping with earlier findings, as a precursor to maxima in global surface air temperature. As a continuation of our research we plan to set up a webpage dedicated to monitor the actual state of global lightning activity based on SR measurements which may contribute to the early identification of increased instability preceding the next super El Niño event. 
How to get your message across: designing an impactful knowledge transfer plan in a European project
Authors: Pasqualetto Sara , Cristini Luisa , Jung Thomas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Academic research is largely characterized by scientific projects striving to advance understanding in their respective fields. Financial support is often subject to the fulfilllment of certain requirements, such as a fully developed knowledge transfer (KT) plan and dissemination strategy. However, the evaluation of these activities and their impact is rarely an easy path to clarity and comprehensiveness, considering the different expectations from project officers and funding agencies or dissemination activities and objectives. With this paper, based on the experience of the management and outreach team of the EU-H2020 APPLICATE project, we aim to shed light on the challenging journey towards impact assessment of KT activities by presenting a methodology for impact planning and monitoring in the context of a collaborative and international research project. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluations and indicators developed in 4 years of the project, this paper represents an attempt to build a common practice for project managers and coordinators and establish a baseline for the development of a shared strategy. Our experience found that an assessment strategy should be included in the planning of the project as a key framing step, that the individual project's goals and objectives should drive the definition and assessment of impact and that the researchers involved are crucial to implement a project's outreach strategy.
Stepping beyond perfectly mixed conditions in soil hydrological modelling using a Lagrangian approach
Authors: Sternagel Alexander , Loritz Ralf , Berkowitz Brian , Zehe Erwin
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A recent experiment of Bowers et al. (2020) revealed that diffusive mixing of water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) over a fully saturated soil sample of a few centimetres in length required several days to equilibrate completely. In this study, we present an approach to simulate such time-delayed diffusive mixing processes, on the pore scale, beyond instantaneously and perfectly mixed conditions. The diffusive pore mixing (DIPMI) approach is based on a Lagrangian perspective on water particles moving by diffusion over the pore space of a soil volume and carrying concentrations of solutes or isotopes. The idea of DIPMI is to account for the self-diffusion of water particles across a characteristic length scale of the pore space using pore-size-dependent diffusion coefficients. The model parameters can be derived from the soil-specific water retention curve, and no further calibration is needed. We test our DIPMI approach by simulating diffusive mixing of water isotopes over the pore space of a saturated soil volume using the experimental data of Bowers et al. (2020). Simulation results show the feasibility of the DIPMI approach for reproducing the measured mixing times and concentrations of isotopes at different tensions over the pore space. This result corroborates the finding that diffusive mixing in soils depends on the pore size distribution and the specific soil water retention properties. Additionally, we perform a virtual experiment with the DIPMI approach by simulating mixing and leaching processes of a solute in a vertical, saturated soil column and compare the results against simulations with the common perfect mixing assumption. The results of this virtual experiment reveal that the frequently observed steep rise and long tailing of breakthrough curves, which are typically associated with non-uniform transport in heterogeneous soils, may also occur in homogeneous media as a result of imperfect subscale mixing in a macroscopically homogeneous soil matrix.
Is it north or west foehn? A Lagrangian analysis of Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn intensive observation period 1 (PIANO IOP 1)
Authors: Saigger Manuel , Gohm Alexander
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A case study of a foehn event in the Inn Valley near Innsbruck, Austria, that occurred on 29 October 2017 in the framework of the first intensive observation period (IOP) of the Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn (PIANO) field campaign is investigated.
Accompanied with northwesterly crest-level flow, foehn broke through at the valley floor as strong westerly winds in the morning and was terminated in the afternoon by a cold front arriving from the north.
The difference between local and large-scale wind direction raises the question of whether the event should be classified as north or west foehn – a question that has not been convincingly answered in the past for similar events based on Eulerian approaches. Hence, the goal of this study is to assess the air mass origin and the mechanisms of foehn penetration to the valley floor based on a Lagrangian perspective. For this purpose a mesoscale simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and a backward trajectory analysis with LAGRANTO are conducted. The trajectory analysis shows that the major part of the air
arriving in Innsbruck originates 6 h earlier over eastern France, crosses the two mountain ranges of the Vosges and the Black Forest, and finally impinges on the Alps near Lake Constance and the Rhine Valley.
Orographic precipitation over the mountains leads to a net diabatic heating of about 2.5 K and to a moisture loss of about 1 g kg−1 along the trajectories.
A secondary air stream originates further south over the Swiss Plateau and contributes about 10 % to 40 % of the trajectories to the foehn air in Innsbruck. Corresponding trajectories are initially nearly parallel to the northern Alpine rim and get lifted above crest level in the same region as the main trajectory branch.
Air parcels within this branch experience a net diabatic heating of about 2 K and, in contrast to the ones of the main branch, an overall moisture uptake due to evaporation of precipitation formed above these air parcels.
Penetration into the Inn Valley mainly occurs in the lee of three local mountain ranges – the Lechtal Alps, the Wetterstein Mountains, and the Mieming Chain – and is associated with a gravity wave and a persistent atmospheric rotor. A secondary penetration takes place in the western end of the Inn Valley via the Arlberg Pass and Silvretta Pass. Changes in the upstream flow conditions cause a shift in the contributions of the associated penetration branches.
From a Lagrangian perspective this shift can be interpreted on the valley scale as a gradual transition from west to northwest foehn despite the persistent local west wind in Innsbruck. However, a clear classification in one or the other categories remains subjective even with the Lagrangian approach and, given the complexity of the trajectory pattern, is nearly impossible with the traditional Eulerian view.
A simplified, efficient approach to hybrid wind and solar plant site optimization
Authors: Tripp Charles , Guittet Darice , King Jennifer , Barker Aaron
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Wind plant layout optimization is a difficult, complex problem with a large number of variables and many local minima. Layout optimization only becomes more difficult with the addition of solar generation. In this paper, we propose a parameterized approach to wind and solar hybrid power plant layout optimization that greatly reduces problem dimensionality while guaranteeing that the generated layouts have a desirable regular structure. Thus far, hybrid power plant optimization research has focused on system sizing. We go beyond sizing and present a practical approach to optimizing the physical layout of a wind–solar hybrid power plant. We argue that the evolution strategy class of derivative-free optimization methods is well-suited to the parameterized hybrid layout problem, and we demonstrate how hard layout constraints (e.g., placement restrictions) can be transformed into soft constraints that are amenable to optimization using evolution strategies. Next, we present experimental results on four test sites, demonstrating the viability, reliability, and effectiveness of the parameterized evolution strategy approach for generating optimized hybrid plant layouts. Completing the tool kit for parameterized layout generation, we include a brief tutorial describing how the parameterized evolutionary approach can be inspected, understood, and debugged when applied to hybrid plant layouts.
Tridimensional roughness and morphology of sound dentin surfaces after papain-gel treatment
Authors: Pires Paula Maciel , Miranda Paula Martins Bravo , Costa Paula Helena de Accioly , Monteiro Amanda Souza Nunes , Alexandria Adílis Kalina , Cople Maia Lucianne , Neves Aline De Almeida
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of chemomechanical caries removing agents (CCRAs) based on papain (Papacárie Duo Gel® and Brix3000®) over dentin surfaces compared with 37% phosphoric acid and 11.5% polyacrylic acid.Materials and methods: Sound human molars were sectioned at the crown level, resulting in 48 dentin blocks, which were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12): 1) Papacárie Duo Gel®; 2) Brix3000®; 3) 11.5% polyacrylic acid solution and 4) 37% phosphoric acid gel. All products were applied for 30s. Ten blocks per group were analyzed by a non-contact 3D profilometer before and after treatments for linear (Ra) and volumetric roughness (Sa). The superficial morphology of the remaining blocks in each group (n=2) was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Normality was rejected for the data (Shapiro-Wilk test) and therefore, Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s proof or Wilcoxon signed rank test with its respective effect size calculation were used to compare the results with α=5%.Results: Ra and Sa values for specimens submitted to Papacárie Duo Gel® and Brix3000® were statistically similar to baseline values. Application of phosphoric and polyacrylic acid resulted in a statistically increase in roughness compared to the CCRAs. SEM evaluation showed that Papacárie Duo Gel® resulted in surface debris. Polyacrylic acid and Brix3000®resulted in partial opening of the tubules but dentin exposed to polyacrylic was able to remove more smear layer than Brix3000®, while phosphoric acid resulted in total opening of the dentinal tubules.Conclusion: Both Papacárie Duo Gel® and Brix3000® did not result in roughness changes when applied in sound dentin.
Correction of postoperative cranialgia in neurosurgical patients
Authors: Masyutina D. D. , Goncharov M. Ju.
Published: March 2022

Introduction.According to various data, postcraniotomy headache (PCH) is observed in 60-80% of cases, but so far this problem has not been given due attention. Non-modifiable risk factors affecting the intensity of PCG are female sex, young age, anxiety and depressive disorders; the main modifiable factor is craniotomy access.

The aim of this studyis to improve the outcomes of neurosurgical interventions by reducing the severity of postoperative cephalalgia.

Materials and methods.A comparative analysis of the severity of postcraniotomy headache in the early and immediate postoperative period was carried out in 2 groups of patients: with classical osteoplastic craniotomy (control group) and using a low-trauma technique for removing intracerebral hematoma (main group). To assess the level of cranial pain, a digital pain rating scale was used.

Results.The average indicators of the intensity of cephalalgia in the early period in the control group was 7.5 ± 1.5, in the main group 6.1 ± 1.2, in the nearest: the control group 5.6 ± 1.4, the main one – 3.9 ± 1.1 (p<0.05).

Discussion.The reduction in the volume of the surgical wound significantly led to a decrease in the intensity of the postoperative cephalgic syndrome. A number of techniques have been proposed in the literature as surgical and medical methods for the prevention of postcraniotomy headache, but they do not have an adequate evidence base and require further study. A decrease in the intensity of PCG helps to improve the quality of life of patients and to reduce the financial costs required for its treatment.

Conclusions.The use of a minimally traumatic technique of intracerebral hematoma removal contributes to the reduction of postoperative cephalgia in patients in the immediate postoperative period.
Medical and social portrait and clinical features of patients with endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Safronov O. V. , Kazachkova E. A. , Kazachkov E. L. , Safronova L. E. , Safronova I. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Today more and more attention is paid to the influence of various external factors and health status on the development of specific features of the course of different diseases, that is to the pathomorphosis in its clinical (narrow) sense.

The aim of the study was comparative analysis of the medical and social profile and clinical features of the patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH) without atypia in the cohorts of 2016-2018 and 2006-2008 in the light of the pathomorphosis study.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of medical and social profile and clinical features of EH without atypia has been performed in 52 patients who were under observation in 2016 – 2018 (1st group) and in 52 women who underwent medical treatment of this disease in 2006-2008 (2nd group) to investigate the problem of EH without atypia from the point of view of the pathomorphosis study.

Results. The following are the characteristic features of today’s patients with EH without atypia: younger age of disease development, specific formation of menstrual function (a later menarche), specific somatic status (predominance of the diseases of the urinary system and gastrointestinal tract), predominance of non-inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs over sexually transmitted infections, low parity, complicated course of labor (increase in the proportion of premature delivery). Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) was the main clinical manifestation of the EH without atypia.

Discussion. Our data on the clinical picture of EH without atypia and the high frequency of the combination of EH with chronic endometritis coincide with the results of other modern studies. However, at present, in the clinical picture of EH, along with HMB, we observe a tendency to an increase in the frequency of asymptomatic EH, and the revealed high frequency of the combination of EH with chronic endometritis confirms the conclusions of a number of researchers about the important role of chronic endometritis in the formation of EH.

Conclusions. The above stated specific features of the medical and social profile and clinical course of the EH without atypia could be interpreted as pathomorphosis in the clinical (narrow) sense.
Predicting relapse in demyelinating diseases in children
Authors: Nevmerzhitskaya K. S. , Volkova L. I. , Sergeeva M. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Predicting relapse in acute demyelinating episode (ADE) in children is an urgent problem, since progressive demyelinating diseases are associated with the risk of disability and cognitive impairment.

Methods. Descriptive cohort study. The results of long-term follow-up of 75 children after the first episode of demyelination are presented. Based on the clinical and radiological parameters of the first demyelinating event, the prognostic factors for the relapse in children were determined using the logistic regression method.

Results. When comparing the clinical and instrumental signs of the first demyelinating event, we identified those that were significantly associated with relapse. These included age ≥ 11 years (p <0.001), brain stem symptoms (p = 0.002), multiple demyelinating lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (p = 0.001) periventricular (p = 0.002), subcortical (p = 0.001), brainstem lesions (p = 0.006), well-defined lesions (p = 0.03) and perpendicular to the corpus callosum lesions (p = 0.002), cervical spinal cord lesions (p = 0, 02) and lateralized spinal cord lesions (p = 0.02). Regression analysis showed independent risk factors for relapse in children with demyelinating diseases: age ≥ 11 years (OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.11: 1.61), p = 0.003), brain stem symptoms (OR = 7.00, 95% CI (0.73: 67.25, p = 0.09), multiple CNS lesions, corresponding to the criteria for dissemination by McDonald (2010) (OR = 8.60, 95% CI (2, 24: 33.07), p = 0.002).

Discussion. Existing descriptions of pediatric populations with demyelinating diseases often have short follow-up and focus on outcomes in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The article presents data on previously unexplored risk factors for exacerbation after the first episode of demyelination. Conclusion. The identified predictors of relapse in ADE in children are a simple and generally available tool for predicting the course of demyelinating diseases.
Cellular and humoral components of the immune system in trichomonas infection with metronidazole
Authors: Dzhumabayeva S. M. , Adambekov D. A. , Liu M. B. , Myrzagali A. B.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Despite the annual increase in infectious pathologies, including trichomoniasis, there is still insufficient study of the key processes of their development and progression, as well as the complexity of diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the cellular and humoral component of the immune system in trichomonad infection against the background of metronidazole administration. Materials and methods. One hundred patients with trichomoniasis who received metranidazole for seven days were examined. Patients in the first group (n=50) received 500 mg twice daily. Patients in the second group (n=50) received 2 g once daily. Clinical and laboratory methods were used in the study. Results and discussion. It was found that early term trichomonad infection caused by T. Vaginalis, is accompanied by pronounced changes in the structure of the immune system in the form of activation of both cellular (reliable increase in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), and humoral (reliable increase in phagocytic activity of neutrophils, inhibition — IgG and IgA, activation of IgE) immune links. The above changes were associated with the applied metranidazole regimen. It was found that the administration of this drug by 500 mg orally twice a day was more effective than by 2 g once a day. It was found that the imbalance of the immune system in the first group was reversible, the studied parameters approached the norm on the seventh day, and in the second group — persistent (most parameters exceeded the reference level at the end stage). Conclusion. The body's immune cascade, consisting of cellular and humoral components, in patients with trichomonad infection should be considered as an object for further scientific search for effective ways to manage it.
Severity of depressive symptomatology and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with alcoholism in the Republic of Dagestan depending on territorial patterns of residence
Authors: Shamsieva S. R. , Mollaeva N. R. , Lebedeva Dz. I.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Living in urban and rural areas can affect the risk of developing and the course of alcohol dependence and comorbid conditions. The aim of the work was to evaluate the degree of depressive symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with alcoholism in the Republic of Dagestan, depending on the territorial features of residence. Materials and methods. The study involved 104 patients aged 51.2±9.9 years (27 to 74 years), registered in the State Budgetary Institution «Republican narcological dispensary» of the Republic of Dagestan with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the territorial features of their residence: 62 (59.6%) patients residing in urban areas and 42 (40.4%) residing in rural areas. In order to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics all patients were questioned. The degree of severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Beck scale. Results. Analysis of alcohol dependence characteristics revealed no differences between the groups (p>0.05). The degree of depression was found to be more pronounced in patients living in rural areas than in those living in urban areas: mild depression was 7.3% and 29.0% (p<0.05), moderate depression was 9.8% and 1.6% (p<0.05), and severe depression was 39.0% and 25.8% (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of depression correlated with  the presence of work in patients (r=0.324; p<0.001). Discussion. Alcohol consumption leads to a more severe manifestation of depression, contributing to physiological changes in the body. Conversely, depressed people are more prone to uncontrolled alcohol consumption, which in their subjective opinion alleviates psychosocial suffering. The connection between alcohol abuse and depressive symptoms is bidirectional, meaning that both of these disorders influence the development and course of the other and simultaneously exacerbate the risk of developing the other disorder. Conclusions. Alcohol-dependent individuals living in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan are characterized by unemployment that correlates with anxiety-depressive symptoms, as well as a more severe degree of depression severity.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN EMOSIONAL DAN ATRIBUT DESTINASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN SERTA LOYALITAS WISATAWAN
Authors: Ramadhani Nesha Yama , Pujiastuti Eny Endah , Sugiarto Meilan
Published: March 2022

Persaingan akan sangat ketat jika dalam satu lokasi yang berdekatan terdapat destinasi wisata yang menawarkan paket wisata yang sama.  Loyalitan perlu dibangun untuk memenangkan persaingan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, rumusan masalah sekaligus tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin menganalisis dan membuktikan: (1) pengaruh pengalaman emosional terhadap kepuasan wisatawan, (2) pengaruh atribut destinasi terhadap kepuasan wisatawan, (3) pengaruh pengalaman emosional terhadap loyalitas wisatawan, (4) pengaruh atribut destinasi terhadap loyalitas wisatawan, (5) pengaruh kepuasan wisatawan terhadap loyalitas. Penelitian dilakukan di destinasi wisata Umbul Ponggok, Klaten. Kriteria sampel yang dipergunakan adalah wisatawan yang telah berkunjung minimal dua kali.  Pengumpulan datanya dengan menggunakan google form.  Dalam penelitian ini terkumpul 128 kuesioner efektif yang selanjutnya akan diolah menggunakan Structural Equating Modeling (SEM) yang dioperasikan dengan menggunakan aplikasi AMOS. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa (1) pengalaman emosional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan wisatawan, (2) atribut destinasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan wisatawan, (3) pengalaman emosional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas wisatawan, (4) atribut destinasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas wisatawan, (5) kepuasan  wisatawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas wisatawan.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) PT ANTAM POMALA TERHADAP USAHA KECIL DIKECAMATAN POMALA KABUPATEN KOLAKA
Authors: Rachman Aghie Aulia , Kambolong Makmur , Ningtyas Candra Puspita
Published: March 2022

Tujuan  penelitianyaitu tentangPelaksanaanProgramCSRPT. ANTAM TerhadapUsaha Kecil diKecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka adalah sebagai untuk menganalisisPelaksanaanProgram CSR PT.. Dalampenelitianinipenulismenggunakanpendekatan kualitatifdengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, studi pustaka, observasi dan teknik dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat  Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka yang merupakan salah satu wilayah pelaksanaan CSR oleh PT. Antam Pomalaa sebanyak 10 orang. Sedangkan Informan dari perusahaan adalah dari pihak PT. Antam Pomalaa sebagai perusahaan yang menjalankan CSR dan juga pihak-pihak lain yang terkait sebanyak 2 orang.  Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa pelaksanaan Progam CSR PT. Antam UBPN Sultra sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, hal ini terlihat dari keterlibatan langsung perusahaan dalam setiap kegiatan yang dilakukan perusahaan, perusahaan juga melakukan kerjasama dengan yayasan lain, serta Perusahaan juga bekerjasama dengan pihak lain yaitu dengan Universitas Halu Oleo.Pengembangan usaha kecil dan menegah di Kecamatan Pomala sudah terlaksana dengan baik, program yang dilaksanaan oleh PT. Antam dalam mengembangkan UKM adalah dengan memberikan bantuan modal kepada masyarakat Kecamatan Pomala serta perusahaan juga melakukan pembinaan kepada masyarakat dengan program kemitraan.
ANALISIS PEMBERIAN TUNJANGAN DAN INSENTIF TERHADAP LOYALITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BOSOWA BERLIAN MOTOR KENDARI.
Authors: Husna Asma-ul , Abdullah Akhyar , Sahrun Sahrun
Published: March 2022

Analisis Pemberian tunjangan Dan Insentif Dalam Meningkatkan Loyalitas Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Kendari. Skripsi, Program Studi Administrasi Bisnis, Universitas Halu Oleo. (Dibimbing oleh  Akhyar dan Amir). Tujuan dari riset ini agar mengenali serta menganalisis pemberian tunjangan dan insentif terhadap loyalitas kerja karyawan pada PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Kendari. Tata cara riset yang diaplikasikan dalam riset ini ialah dengan tata cara kualitatif yang disajikan dalam wujud perkata( tulisan) ataupun foto( audio) ataupun video yang mempunyai arti. Informasi tersebut dapat didapatkan lewat wawancara, pengamatan, perekaman serta lain- lain. Yang menjadi Informan dalam  penelitian ini adalah CSO PT.Bosowa Berlian Motor Kendari. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini jadi boleh disimpulkan jika tunjangan dan insentif yang diberikan oleh PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Kendari dinilai tinggi sehingga  mampu meningkatkan loyalitas kerja karyawan.
STRATEGI PROMOSI DISTRO DALAM MENARIK MINAT BELI KONSUMEN (STUDI PADA STARCROSS KENDARI)
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Fariz , Bake Jamal , Sartono Sartono
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Strategi Starcross Kendari dalam menarik minat beli konsumennya. Jenis data dari penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif, dalam mewawancarai dan menyusun data dari hasil observsasi yang telah didapat, wawancara,catatan lapangan , dan dokumentasi secara sistematis. Berdasarkan wawancara mengenai Starcross Kendari dalam menarik minat beli konsumennya, Stracross Kendari memilih menggunakan Strategi promosi dengan memanfaatkan 4 strategi promosi yaitu : Advertaising (Periklanan), Sales Promotion (Promosi Penjualan), Personal Selling (Penjualan Pribadi), Public Relation (Hubungan Masyarakat), dan Advertaising (Periklanan) menjadi salah satu fokus utama Starcross Kendari dalam melakukan media promosi berupa media online seperti Facebook, Instagram yang sangat efektif dalam menarik minat beli konsumennya