bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Partner Phubbing and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Relationship Satisfaction and Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality
Authors: YAM Faruk Caner
Published: December 2022

This study aims to test the mediating role of relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality in the relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. The study included a total of 308 participants, 243 women (78.9%) and 65 men (21.1%). The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 60 (mean = 31.10; SD = 7.93). Data were collected through the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), the Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality Scale (PRRQS), and the Partner Phubbing Scale (PPS). Descriptive statistics of the data were calculated, and the relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. Structural equation analysis indicated that partner phubbing negatively predicted relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality. In addition, relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality positively predicted life satisfaction. The correlation analysis performed before the mediation analysis indicated no significant relationships between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. However, the results of structural equation analysis and bootstrapping showed that perceived romantic relationship quality and relationship satisfaction had a fully mediating role in the relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. The results of the bootstrap analysis indicate that partner phubbing had a significant indirect effect on life satisfaction through perceived romantic relationship quality and relationship satisfaction. These results reveal that relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality decrease in individuals who are exposed to partner phubbing behaviors, and that decreased relationship satisfaction and romantic relationship quality harm life satisfaction.
“As Diverse as Possible”: How Universities Compromise Multiracial Identities
Authors: Giebel Sonia
Published: December 2022

U.S. colleges and universities are under increasing pressure to appear racially diverse, but have yet to account systematically for a quickly growing contingent of multiracial-identifying students. Drawing on interviews with multiracial-identifying undergraduates at Western University, I demonstrate how everyday university practices compromise multiracial identities in the pursuit of diversity. The term compromise carries dual meaning, referring to instances where Western refashioned multiracial identities into monoracial ones and instances where multiracial-identifying students were in compromised positions. Participants inferred how their identities might be most useful to the university in appearing diverse, leading them to question their belonging and even recast their identities accordingly. These interactions occurred across organizational contexts, including dorms, community centers, and classrooms. Persistent organizational representations of diversity in monoracial terms communicates to students that multiracial identities are both a challenge to accommodate and of potential utility to institutions seeking to appear as diverse as possible.
Learning From Home: Widening Rural-Urban Educational Inequality and High School Students’ Self-Control in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic and School Closure
Authors: Ma Gaoming , Zhang Jiayu , Hong Liu
Published: December 2022

Worldwide school closures and remote learning have been implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. These measures’ impact on young populations’ academic achievements is unclear. This study ( N = 1,736, ages 14–20 years, 53% female, and Chinese) analyzed academic examination scores for students at a high school in Eastern China between January and July 2020. Results showed that overall, students’ academic achievements appeared to be negatively affected amid a school closure. More importantly, students’ self-control was introduced as a moderating factor that partially accounted for this difference in the context of remote learning at home. These findings extended our understanding of school closures’ unequal impact on young populations. Education and social policies should respond to these challenges during times of crisis.
Covid-19 and health and safety at work: Trade union dilemmas in Germany, France and Luxembourg (March 2020–December 2021)
Authors: Thomas Adrien , Dörflinger Nadja , Yon Karel , Pletschette Michel
Published: December 2022

Given the traditional commitment of trade unions to occupational health and safety standards, unions might have been expected to be strongly involved in containing the Covid-19 pandemic. This article focuses on their policy positions at national and sectoral level towards the occupational health and safety measures taken to limit the spread of Covid-19 in Germany, France and Luxembourg from the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 until the surging fourth wave of infections in November–December 2021. The authors’ data show that unions have found it increasingly difficult over the course of the pandemic to develop policy positions in the domain of occupational health and safety that address the variegated situations and needs of their different member groups and that achieve a balance between membership logics and public health considerations.
Stigma Toward Consensual Non-Monogamy: Thematic Analysis and Minority Stress
Authors: Mahar Elizabeth A. , Irving Louis H. , Derovanesian Allison , Masterson Abigail , Webster Gregory D.
Published: December 2022

Consensually non-monogamous (CNM) romantic and sexual relationships tend to be stigmatized. The present research examined this stigma across two studies. First, we qualitatively explored the specific ways that people in CNM relationships report experiencing stigma using thematic analysis and identified the following four themes: Expressions of discomfort/disapproval of CNM, Loss of resources/threatening behaviors, Character devaluation, and Relationship devaluation (Study 1; N = 372). Second, we examined the relationship between experienced stigma and psychological well-being for people in CNM relationships, using the framework of minority stress theory. We found that experienced stigma was positively associated with psychological distress and that this association was partially statistically mediated by anticipated stigma and internalized stigma (Study 2; N = 383). Overall, this research strives to achieve a better understanding of the processes and potential consequences of stigma toward CNM relationships and individuals.
Government Bonds and COVID-19. An International Evaluation Under Different Market States
Authors: Jareño Francisco , Martínez-Serna María-Isabel , Chicharro María
Published: December 2022

This study evaluates the sensitivity of government bond yields from the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to variations in some international risk factors during the period between January 2020 and April 2021. This sample period allows us to focus the study on the first, and the subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we propose an extended risk factor model estimated using the quantile regression approach. In addition, this study compares the COVID-19 pandemic period with a pre-pandemic and a post-vaccination period. Interesting differences among them are observed, remarking that gold is the key risk factor during the pandemic, whereas VIX and crude oil play that role in the pre-pandemic and the post-vaccination periods, respectively, mainly for bearish states. As expected, the explanatory power of the model is better at extreme quantiles, showing relevant differences between sensitivities, because the found effects are quantile-, country- and risk factor-dependent. The results during the pandemic are robust to the inclusion of a country-specific factor and a factor accounting for the mutual influence of the government bonds.
Constructing Comparables
Authors: Ricoeur Paul
Published: December 2022

As the absolute other of Greek thought and speech, Chinese renders Greek strange; in seeking equivalency, Jullien’s discussion on time demonstrates a creative betrayal of the original and an equally creative appropriation by the target language in the process of translation.
Between Is Not Being
Authors: Jullien François
Published: December 2022

This essay argues that the West could glimpse its own unthought-of by ‘de-ontologicalizing’ its thought, and that a fruitful way to do this is to draw on Chinese thought. In particular, the author develops herein the notion of between ( l’entre), which is less a locus than a dynamic passage between states or extrema. This contrasts with the (static) Western notion of Being, where a thing either is or is not. Unlike a thing, between has no being, no nature, no properties. For the Greeks life was, similarly, an alternation of emptiness (desire or want) and fullness (satiety). Instead, life is in flux between those extrema. Accordingly, between is not an (ontological) intermediary but processual, like the through of the Tao. The author explores between in the Chinese conception of landscape as mountain(s)-water(s) and applies between to urban renewal, underscoring its value as a tool for the de-ontologizing of Western thought.
Life or Being: What Possible Existence between Being and Living?
Authors: Jullien François
Published: December 2022

The author argues that being-thought, in keeping with the ‘intellectualist choice’ of the Greeks, has narrowed the thinkable to the question of whether something is or is not. The discourse-reason (logos) of the Greeks necessarily lends itself to construction and to its result, which is knowledge. Knowledge in turn trades the singular for generality, e.g. beautiful things for beauty. Because what it seeks is nowhere to be found in the world, such philosophy has located pure in-itself-ness in the beyond of metaphysics, reducing life to metabolism, a shuttling between the extrema of lack and satiety. The Chinese language, because it lacks morphological markers, an imperative mood, and a verb ‘to be’, sidesteps ontology (being-thought) and thus hints at a more fruitful perspective on living, elucidating the notion of ex-istence as a way to provide an exteriority from which to examine living, in all its immediacy, without recourse to any metaphysical beyond.
The Development and Preliminary Validation of a Measure of Victimization within the Friendships of Emerging Adults
Authors: Dryburgh Nicole S. J. , Martin-Storey Alexa , Craig Wendy M. , Dirks Melanie A.
Published: December 2022

For emerging adults, high-quality friendships can be an important source of companionship and support. The most commonly studied negative interaction between friends is conflict, yet work with youth suggests more serious victimization also occurs in friendship. In the current study, we developed and obtained preliminary psychometric evidence for the Friendship Victimization Scale, a measure that assesses physical, sexual, relational, and verbal forms of victimization in the friendships of emerging adults, as well as coercive and controlling behaviors. Emerging adults ( N = 316, Mage = 21.27 years, SD = 1.47; 60.4% women, 37.0% men; 59.2% White) completed the Friendship Victimization Scale along with measures to examine construct validity. The majority of the sample reported experiencing at least one act of victimization by a friend, and men reported more victimization than did women. Results supported a 2-factor structure, with relational and verbal victimization loading on one factor and physical and sexual victimization and controlling behaviors loading on the other. Cronbach’s alphas exceeded .90 for the total score and both subscales. Greater friendship victimization was predicted by negative features in each of a best and a challenging friendship, even after accounting for negative features in a dating relationship, and was unrelated to positive features in any of these relationships. Overall, results indicate that victimization is common in emerging adults’ friendships. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the Friendship Victimization Scale as a measure of this understudied source of risk in the interpersonal lives of emerging adults.
A novel strategy to reduce the recirculation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Inferior vena cava closure technology
Authors: Hou Liusheng , Li Jianwei , Wang Wanyi , Liang Hongkai , Zhang Jian , Li Binfei , Yong Yuan
Published: December 2022

The recirculation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) will decrease the efficiency of respiratory support. We report a patient with refractory severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Even with the support of ECMO and mechanical ventilation (MV), it is still difficult to correct hypoxemia. In this case, we placed a balloon catheter above the ECMO drainage cannula in inferior vena cava (IVC), and then occlusion the IVC with the water-filled balloon. After the occlusion, the patient’s hypoxemia was quickly improved, and angiography proved that the recirculation has been significantly reduced. In this case, IVC occlusion technology greatly reduces recirculation. Its advantages lie in simple operation, low cost, short term safety, which probably act as an innovative method to reduce recirculation.
“Once you open that door, it’s a floodgate”: Exploring work-related grief among community service workers providing care for structurally vulnerable populations at the end of life through participatory action research
Authors: Giesbrecht Melissa , Mollison Ashley , Whitlock Kara , Stajduhar Kelli I
Published: December 2022

Background:

At the end of life, people experiencing structural vulnerability (e.g. homelessness, poverty, stigmatization) rely on community service workers to fill gaps in access to traditional palliative services. Although high levels of burnout are reported, little is known about these workers’ experiences of grief.

Aim:

To explore community service workers’ experiences of grief to identify ways of providing more tailored, meaningful, and equitable supports.

Design:

A community-based participatory action research methodology, informed by equity perspectives, was employed.

Setting/participants:

In an urban center in western Canada, community service worker (primary) participants ( n = 18) were engaged as members of an action team. A series of 18 action cycles took place, with secondary participants ( n = 48) (e.g. palliative, social care, housing support, etc.) being recruited throughout the research process. Focus groups ( n = 5) and evaluative interviews ( n = 13) with participants were conducted. Structured observational field notes ( n = 34) were collected during all team meetings and community interventions. Interpretive thematic analysis ensued through a collaborative and iterative process.

Results:

During initial meetings, action team participants described experiences of compounding distress, grief, and multiple loss. Analysis showed workers are: (1) grieving as family, not just providers; (2) experiencing complex layers of compounded grief; and (3) are fearful to open the “floodgates” to grief.

Conclusions:

Findings contribute to our understanding on the inequitable distribution of grief across society. A collective and material response is needed, including witnessing, acknowledging and valuing the grief process; facilitating community wellness, collective grieving, and advocacy; and providing training and tools in a palliative approach to care.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene – carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for 3D printing of health monitoring components
Authors: Paleari Lorenzo , Bragaglia Mario , Mariani Matteo , Nanni Francesca
Published: December 2022

In this paper self-sensing nanocomposite formulations made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and different loading (3, 5 and 10 wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been produced and 3D printed via fused filament fabrication. The nanocomposites have been characterized from a rheological, mechanical, thermal and electrical point of view to assess the strain-sensing properties. All the samples show a piezoresistive behaviour and the electrical resistance changes when a stress is applied. The gauge factor, measure of the sensitivity, for ABS 3CNT, ABS 5CNT and ABS 10CNT are 11.36, 3.21 and 1.62, respectively. The ABS 3CNT samples have shown the best self-sensing performances with high sensitivity and this formulation has been used for producing a health-monitoring 3D-printed smart structure where the active material is placed locally in the structure. The 3D-printed structure itself is able to monitor the strain and hence the stress level to which is subjected with a gauge factor of 1.5. A finite element analysis helps to explain the reason for reduced sensitivity namely the placement of the sensing layer.
An External Coincidence Model for the Lunar Cycle Reveals Circadian Phase-Dependent Moonlight Effects on Coral Spawning
Authors: Komoto Hideyuki , Lin Che-Hung , Nozawa Yoko , Satake Akiko
Published: December 2022

Many marine organisms synchronously spawn at specific times to ensure the success of external fertilization in the ocean. Corals are famous examples of synchronized spawning at specific lunar phases, and two distinct spawning patterns have been observed in two dominant taxa: merulinid corals spawn at regular lunar phases, several days after the full moon, whereas Acropora corals spawn at more irregular lunar phases around the full moon. Although it has been suggested that the two coral taxa have different responses to moonlight and seawater temperature, their spawning times have never been analyzed by integrating the two environmental factors, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of spawning. In this study, we developed a new predictive model of coral spawning days by integrating moonlight and temperature effects based on the external coincidence model for the lunar cycle. We performed model fitting using a 10-year monitoring record of coral spawning time in Taiwan. Our model successfully demonstrated the synergistic effects of moonlight and temperature on coral spawning time (days) and provided two testable hypotheses to explain the different spawning patterns regarding the preparation (maturation) process for spawning and the sensitivity to moonlight at different circadian phases: (1) Acropora corals may have an earlier onset and longer period of preparation for spawning than merulinid corals; and (2) merulinid corals may use moonlight signals near sunset, while Acropora corals may have a similar onset at approximately midnight. This is the first study to indicate the difference in circadian phase-dependent moonlight sensitivities between coral taxa, providing a basis for underlying coral spawning mechanisms for rhythmic studies.
Politics at the Boundary: Exploring Politics in Education Research-Practice Partnerships
Authors: Yamashiro Kyo , Wentworth Laura , Kim Moonhawk
Published: December 2022

The challenges of transforming our educational systems to fulfill enduring needs for equity, justice, and responsiveness will take a multitude of partners. Research-practice partnerships (RPPs) arrange collaboration and engagement with research to bring about shared commitments and resources to tackle these challenges. Just as sociocultural and political dynamics can shape educational politics generally, without close and intentional attention to the politics of starting, operating, and sustaining RPPs, those political dynamics can potentially derail a partnership. In this article, we consider the emerging research on the politics in and around RPPs pursuing educational transformation and propose a framework to reflect these dynamics. To introduce this special issue, we also deconstruct RPP politics into four major phases of RPP work, and describe the articles addressing each phase. This compilation of articles contributes a wealth of expertise and evidence illuminating how politics can shape both RPPs and their goals of equity and transformation.
Development of an instrument to predict proliferative histological class in lupus nephritis based on clinical and laboratory data
Authors: Silaide de Araújo Júnior Antônio , Sato Emília I , Silva de Souza Alexandre W , Jennings Fábio , Mastroianni Kirsztajn Gianna , Sesso Ricardo , dos Reis-Neto Edgard T
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To compare the correlations of histological class inferences based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests between rheumatologists and nephrologists, to determine the associations of clinical and laboratory data with histological classes and to develop an instrument that can assist histological class identification in lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

Retrospective study based on medical records of 80 systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLICC criteria classification, 2012) who underwent kidney biopsy between 2010 and 2017. Two rheumatologists and two nephrologists received clinical and laboratory data and answered questions regarding which histological class was expected on kidney biopsy. Kappa (K) coefficient was used to assess agreement between evaluators. A decision tree was constructed using the chi-square interaction detector and logistic regression was performed for the development of the proliferative histological class predictor instrument .

Results

The mean age and disease duration were 33 ± 10.3 years and 11.5 ± 6.7 years, respectively. The level of agreement between the evaluators and kidney biopsy was poor (global K 0.364 ± 0.029; p < .001). Analyzing clinical and laboratory variables as predictors of proliferative histological class, patients with abnormal urinary sediment and positive anti-dsDNA antibodies presented 13.96 and 4.96 times higher risks of presenting class III or IV, respectively ( p < 0.001). Our instrument has a sensitivity of 87.8% and specificity of 80%, using abnormal urinary sediment, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and serum creatinine as variables.

Conclusions

Rheumatologists and nephrologists with experience in treating LN generated evaluations that correlated weakly with kidney biopsy. When kidney biopsy is unavailable or is contraindicated for medical reasons, instruments based on clinical and laboratory predictors may be helpful.
Kenny v. Wilson (2021): The Criminalization of Student Misbehavior
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Ryan Joseph B.
Published: December 2022

Thirty-one U.S. states have laws that may result in students being arrested for misbehavior in school that is often considered a low-level rule violation. The problems with these laws include the vagueness and subjectivity of the language of the law. As a result, the enforcement of such laws has been criticized as being discriminatory, especially against minorities and students with disabilities. In 2016, two laws in South Carolina were challenged in a series of important cases that stemmed from an arrest made of a student who posted a video of a violent, headline-grabbing altercation in her classroom involving a school resource officer. This brief report (a) reviews the incident that led to the case in South Carolina, (b) examines the history and eventual outcome of the cases challenging the South Carolina laws, and (c) offers implications for improved practice.
Contested Identity and Prejudice Against Co-Ethnic Refugees: Evidence From South Korea
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon , Lee Taeku
Published: December 2022

Although North Korean refugees are co-ethnics and receive extensive government support, many reports have alleged that they are discriminated against in South Korea. We theorize that this outcome is due to the contested status of North Korean refugees’ co-ethnic identity. We test this with embedded list experiments on an approximately nationally representative sample of South Koreans (n = 1418). We find that (1) South Koreans hold prejudice against North Korean refugees primarily because they believe supporting these refugees would waste government resources; (2) liberals are more likely to disagree with this belief while conservatives are ambivalent, and (3) income predicts this belief better than partisanship or ideology. Scholars have focused on native-refugee conflict cases where ethnic identity is a faultline. However, the South Korean case shows that co-ethnic refugees could be unwelcomed in a host society if political and economic factors make their co-ethnic status contested.
Analysis of Polyethylene-Related Revisions After Total Ankle Replacements Reported in US Food and Drug Administration Medical Device Adverse Event Database
Authors: Jiang Hongying , Wu Leihong , Randsborg Per-Henrik , Houck Jennifer , Sun Limin , Marine Marissa , Chow Megan , Peluso Joseph , Peat Raquel
Published: December 2022

Background:

There are 2 general types of total ankle replacement (TAR) designs with respect to the polyethylene insert, mobile-bearing (MB) and fixed-bearing (FB) TARs. The aim of this study is to compare polyethylene-related adverse events (AEs), particularly revisions, reported for MB TARs and FB TARs using the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Methods:

A text mining method was applied to the medical device reporting (MDR) in the MAUDE database from 1991 to 2020, followed by manual reviews to identify, characterize, and describe all polyethylene-related AEs, including revisions, reported for MB and FB TARs.

Results:

We found 1841 MDRs for MB (STAR Ankle only) and 1273 MDRs for 40+ FB TARs approved/cleared by the FDA. For the MB design, 33% (606/1841) of the AEs reported related to the polyethylene component, compared to 24% (291/1273) of the AEs reported for FB designs. Polyethylene fractures were reported in 11.3% (208/1841) for the MB designs compared to 0.2% (2/1273) for the FB designs. Half of the polyethylene-related revisions occurred within an average of 4.1 years after implantation for the MB design compared within an average of 5.2 years for FB designs.

Conclusion:

Analysis of this database revealed a higher proportion of reported polyethylene fractures and greater need for earlier revisions for polyethylene-related issues with use of the primary MB design in the database as compared with FB TAR designs. Further study of device-related complications with more recent designs for both MB and FB ankle replacement components are needed to improve the outcomes of total ankle replacement.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Dual Semitendinosus Allograft Reconstruction of Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures: Operative Technique and Outcomes
Authors: McCormick Brian P. , Trent Sarah , Haislup Brett D. , Bolster Drew , Bubnash Kimberly , Miller Stuart D.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Dual semitendinosus allograft reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures has several potential benefits including superior tensile strength compared with a turndown construct and avoidance of the morbidity and operative time associated with autograft augmentation. We present a series of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures reconstructed with dual semitendinosus allograft.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients aged 18 years and older who underwent reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures using dual semitendinosus allograft. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the need for revision surgery. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcomes, for which Achilles Tendon Rupture Scores (ATRS) were collected at final follow-up. Nine patients with a mean age of 58.9 (range, 43-75) years met inclusion criteria.

Results:

Median follow-up was 66 months (range, 27-121 months). One patient (11.1%) required revision reconstruction after sustaining graft failure 9.5 years after her index procedure, and 1 patient reported a poor ATRS score at the 27-month final follow-up despite an intact surgical repair. At final follow-up, no patient required the use of an assistive device for ambulation or a walking boot. The median ATRS at final follow-up was 93 (range, 30-100).

Discussion:

Good clinical outcomes without rerupture were observed in 7 of 9 patients (77.8%) at short- to midterm follow-up, suggesting that dual semitendinosus allograft reconstruction is a viable option for the reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon tears.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults Using Time-Dependent Competing Risk Models: A Population Study Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Cai Kaiwei , Han Didi , Deng Die , Ke Man , Peng Min , Lyu Jun , Xu Anding
Published: December 2022

Background

Because of multiple competing death outcomes and time-varying coefficients, using a Cox regression model to analyze the prognostic factors of low-grade gliomas (LGG) may lead to a possible bias. Therefore, we adopted time-dependent competing risk models to obtain accurate prognostic factors for LGG.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted from patients enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2018. Univariate analysis was performed using the cumulative incidence function (CIF) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) function. Time-dependent competing risk and Cox regression models were used in the multivariable analysis.

Results

A total of 2581 patients were diagnosed with low-grade glioma, among whom 889 died from low-grade glioma, 114 died from other causes, and the rest were alive. The time-dependent competing risk models indicated that age, sex, marital status, primary tumor site, histological type, tumor diameter, surgery, and year of diagnosis were significantly associated with low-grade glioma-specific death, and the relative effect of age, tumor diameter, surgery, oligodendroglioma, and mixed glioma on low-grade glioma-specific death changed over time. Compared with the competing risk models, the Cox regression model misestimated the hazard ratio (HR) of covariates on the outcome and even produced false-negative results.

Conclusions

The time-dependent competing risk models were better than the Cox regression model for evaluating the impact of covariates on low-grade glioma-specific mortality in the presence of competing risks and time-varying coefficients. The models identified the prognostic factors of LGG more accurately than the Cox regression model.
Dendritic Spines and Pain Memory
Authors: Benson Curtis A. , King Jared F. , Reimer Marike L. , Kauer Sierra D. , Waxman Stephen G. , Tan Andrew M.
Published: December 2022

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
A unified approach for dynamic characteristic analysis of a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine with general impedance ends
Authors: Guo Fanhao , Du Jingtao , Liu Yang
Published: December 2022

As promising devices for energy conversion, thermoacoustic engines (TAEs) are attracting more and more research attention with regard to renewable thermal energy application. For a TAE, the oscillation frequency is a critical parameter in its design and operation, which can only be estimated currently through an often tedious process using a shooting method or a numerical iteration method, and an analysis model with classical boundary conditions. In this context, this study seeks to establish a unified model for dynamic analysis of a one-dimensional (1D) standing-wave TAE with general impedance ends. First, the differential equations governing the thermoacoustic behavior of the TAE and its impedance boundary conditions are simultaneously solved using the Galerkin method and an improved Fourier series expansion method. Then, the characteristic distributions of oscillation frequency, sound pressure, and volume flow rate are obtained by solving a standard eigenvalue problem. Finally, the effects of engine length, stack length and position, and impedance ends on the dynamic behavior of the TAE’s thermoacoustic system are investigated and analyzed. The results show that engine length has a significantly negative correlation with the modal frequencies in different working gases, and stack position and stack length have a slight effect on the oscillation frequency of the TAE. The arbitrary variations in impedance boundary conditions can be simulated from the open end to the rigid wall and all intermediate cases. The proposed model can efficiently predict changes in dynamic parameters of 1-D TAEs with impedance ends in a unified pattern and can serve as a reliable analysis tool for further research on TAEs coupled with various energy harvesters.
Research on follow-up active noise control with phased-array secondary sound source
Authors: Wang Tao , Liang Xi , Yan Lei , Bai Yutian , Tang Jun
Published: December 2022

Based on the traditional active noise control method, a phased-array secondary sound source was designed to replace the traditional sound source. Adopting a 4 × 4 array distributed design, we still maintain a single-in single-out system. Simulations show that the phased-array secondary sound source better controls noise reduction in a certain area of space, with better noise reduction effect, larger static area, and less impact on other non-control areas. A verification experiment was performed in a semi-anechoic chamber, with noise reduction conducted in different directions. The noise reduction effect of the phased-array secondary sound source was >10 dB higher than that of the traditional secondary sound source, with less influence on other points. The phased-array secondary sound source can be combined with tracking equipment to achieve a better follow-up noise reduction effect in space.
Pathogenesis of Comorbid ADHD and Chinese Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence From Eye-Movement Tracking and Rapid Automatized Naming
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fan Yi , Chang Yulin , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Jiuju , Wang Yufeng
Published: December 2022

Background:

ADHD and Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) have a very high comorbidity rate; however, which cognitive deficits characterize the comorbidity and when they occur during cognitive processing are still under debate.

Methods:

Rapid automatic naming (RAN) tasks with eye-movement tracking were conducted with 75 children who were typically developing, had comorbid ADHD and DD, had only ADHD, and had only DD.

Results:

The clinical groups had longer first fixation durations than the control for RAN digits. Temporal eye-movement measures, such as gaze duration and total reading time, were found to vary between the comorbidity and ADHD groups. Spatial eye-movement measures, such as regression probability and incoming saccade amplitude, differed between the comorbidity and DD groups.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that investigation with eye-movement measures combined with RAN tasks can strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of comorbid ADHD and DD.
Social Verification Theory: A New Way to Conceptualize Validation, Dissonance, and Belonging
Authors: Hillman James G. , Fowlie Devin I. , MacDonald Tara K.
Published: December 2022

Academic Abstract

In the present review, we propose a theory that seeks to recontextualize various existing theories as functions of people’s perceptions of their consistency with those around them. This theory posits that people seek social consistency for both epistemic and relational needs and that social inconsistency is both negative and aversive, similar to the experience of cognitive dissonance. We further posit that the aversive nature of perceiving social inconsistency leads people to engage in various behaviors to mitigate or avoid these inconsistencies. When these behaviors fail, however, people experience chronic social inconsistency, which, much like chronic rejection, is associated with physical and mental health and well-being outcomes. Finally, we describe how mitigation and avoidance of social inconsistency underlie many seemingly unrelated theories, and we provide directions for how future research may expand on this theory.

Public Abstract

In the present review, we propose that people find inconsistency with those around them to be an unpleasant experience, as it threatens people’s core need to belong. Because the threat of reduced belongingness evokes negative feelings, people are motivated to avoid inconsistency with others and to mitigate the negative feelings that are produced when it inevitably does arise. We outline several types of behaviors that can be implemented to avoid or mitigate these inconsistencies (e.g., validation, affirmation, distancing, etc.). When these behaviors cannot be implemented successfully, people experience chronic invalidation, which is associated with reduced physical and mental health and well-being outcomes. We discuss how invalidation may disproportionately affect individuals with minoritized identities. Furthermore, we discuss how belongingness could play a key role in radicalization into extremist groups.
Improving Implementation Fidelity With Teacher-Directed Self-Monitoring Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scheibel Gretchen , Chen Pei-Yu , Zaeske Lauren M. , Wills Howard P. , Zimmerman Kathleen N.
Published: December 2022

Teacher-directed self-monitoring (TD-SM) is often recommended to special education teachers as a simple and efficient method for improving the implementation fidelity of evidence-based practices in the classroom and strengthening outcomes for students. This systematic review and outcomes analysis investigated the conditions and intervention packages under which TD-SM can be effective at improving implementation fidelity as well as the associated effects of TD-SM on student outcomes targeted by the practices monitored for fidelity. Results indicate TD-SM demonstrated generally positive outcomes when used to improve the fidelity of instructional methods with varying intervention packages. Gains in instructional method implementation fidelity sometimes resulted in gains in student outcomes. The use of TD-SM to improve the fidelity of behavioral interventions resulted in varied fidelity and student outcomes, despite the use of consistent intervention packages. Implications for future research and practical use of TD-SM are discussed.
Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy Compared With Systemic Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism: A Comprehensive Evaluation From the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Al-Khadra Yasser , Missula Venkata , Al-Bast Basma , Singanallur Prashanth , Al Tamimi Raad , Albast Nour , Abdu Manasik , Deshpande Radhika , Salih Mohsin , White Peter , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Hafiz Abdul Moiz
Published: December 2022

Background:

Systemic thrombolysis (ST) may not be ideal for many patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) due to bleeding risk. In this analysis, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as an alternative to ST for acute PE.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥18 years who underwent MT and/or ST for PE were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2017. Patients who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis were excluded. We compared in-hospital outcomes of both groups in this retrospective study.

Results:

Of 16 890 patients who received an intervention for acute PE, 1380 (8.2%) received MT and 15 510 (91.8%) received ST. There was no difference in age between both groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients who received MT than that in those who received ST (11.9% vs 20.6%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.93, p=0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of periprocedural bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and acute kidney injury between the 2 groups (p≥0.608 for all). Patients who received MT had a higher rate of respiratory complications (19.0% vs 11.6%, OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.06–3.03, p=0.030) and discharge to an outside facility (34.1% vs 19.2%, OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.41–3.37, p<0.001) than those who received ST.

Conclusion:

Mortality was significantly lower with MT than that with ST, but larger randomized studies are needed to validate this. The use of MT should be individualized on the basis of the patients’ clinical presentation, risk profile, and local resources.

Clinical Impact

In this study, we utilized the National Inpatient Sample database to study the in-hospital outcomes of pulmonary embolism patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy compared to those who underwent systemic thrombolysis. We found that the patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and underwent mechanical thrombectomy had significantly lower mortality compared to those who were treated using systemic thrombolysis. This study was the first of its kind, utilizing the national inpatient sample database for evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in comparison with the standard of care. These result would direct further randomized controlled trials for better evaluation of the utilization of mechanical thrombectomy in the correct clinical context. Furthermore, our study demonstrated comparable peri-operative complications between the mechanical thrombectomy group and the systemic thrombolysis group. These results would direct clinicians to consider mechanical thrombectomy if clinically indicated given the promising results.
Construction process of a novel multi-degree of freedom parallel passive compliant constant-force mechanism
Authors: Li Baokun , Han Yingge , Zhang Mingkun , Li Yanbiao , Sun Lunye
Published: December 2022

Based on the configuration of the Stewart parallel mechanism (SPM), after analyzing the kinetostatic characteristic of a planar four-bar linkage with attached springs which works around the kinematic limb-singularity, a process of constructing a novel multi-degree of freedom (DOF) parallel passive compliant constant-force mechanism (CCFM) is presented. The kinematic limb-singularity of a rigid four-bar linkage with attached springs is obtained and then is applied to construct a constant-force compliant mechanism (CM) based on the pseudo-rigid-body-model by designing appropriate structure parameters to obtain appropriate equivalent spring stiffness of flexures. The CCFM is further used as the branches of the SPM and then a passive multi-DOF parallel mechanism (PM) is constructed. Here the method of replacing the original rigid branch of the PM with the CCFM is called the “Expanded Rigid-body Replacement Synthesis” (ERBRS). The multi-DOF parallel passive CCFM can generate a constant-force zone when makes a small pose transformation around a certain position, where each compliant branch is located at the constant-force zone. The proposed CCFM can be applied in practice such as the polishing machine which needs the constant contact-force between the polishing head and the workpiece. The proposed method of constructing a CCFM with one- or multi-degree of freedom mechanism has some important reference value on designing other types of CCFMs.
Determinants of internet adoption in Turkey and the need for a more coherent vision on information and communication technologies policy
Authors: Dalgic-Tetikol Deniz Ece , Guloglu Bulent , Köksal Emin
Published: December 2022

Digital transformation offers tremendous opportunities for emerging economies like Turkey. However, the full potential of digital advancements can only be achieved with the widespread adoption of digital technologies, which depends on the capable delivery of information and communication technologies (ICT) and their effective usability. Despite increased Internet penetration rates in Turkey in recent years, disparities in Internet adoption continue to persist. This study investigates whether and to what extent key demographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with the first-level digital divide in Turkey. The phenomenon is discussed in three aspects: device access, Internet access, and Internet use. The findings demonstrate that the vast majority of people in Turkey have Internet-enabled devices, mainly smartphones. Age, income, and education are significant predictors of Internet access. However, even when access is available, large disparities exist among gender, age, income, education, and employment groups in terms of Internet use. Moreover, our findings reveal significant regional differences in both Internet access and use. The results point to the need for a more coherent vision on ICT policies such that the need for demand-side programs are intended to stimulate broadband adoption widely by those groups. This paper provides useful pointers that can facilitate further academic research and structural decisions among policy-makers, by emphasizing the high-priority target groups.
Probabilistic performance analysis of structural elements subjected to blast load using equivalent static force model
Authors: Bhatt Anita , Maheshwari Priti , Bhargava Pradeep
Published: December 2022

This study presents a probabilistic analysis of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system subjected to drift-controlled distant blast loading employing Monte-Carlo simulation using MATLAB. The simulations are achieved using an equivalent static force (ESF)–based model as the deterministic model. The loading and structural parameters are treated as random variables in the parametric sensitivity analysis. ESF factor and the resistance of the SDOF system are observed as the response parameters. ESF factor is found to be highly sensitive to positive pulse duration, whilst the resistance is found to be more sensitive to both positive pulse duration and the peak blast force. With the log-normal distribution of input parameters, the ESF factor and the resistance of the SDOF system follow the log-normal distribution. The present study suggests that the probabilistic analysis is more conservative than the deterministic analysis. The uncertainty can be incorporated in a deterministic approach for both analysis and design purposes by opting suitable factor of safety (FOS) based on probabilistic analysis.