bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pivoting Antenna-Module-Based Flexural Wireless Power Charger for Various Wireless Sensor
Authors: Jian Ming-Shen , Yen-Lung Chen
Published: August 2018

IoT is one of the popular topics for the past few years. The study achieves the data in the internet collecting and sharing by data transmission wired or wireless from information carriers. In most of IoT application, the main information devices are embedded systems and micro sensors. Due to the hardware limitations, most of information devices use the wireless transmission to do the data exchange like Wi-Fi, NFC, and Bluetooth. However, most of these devices are powered by batteries. In the other words, there are some problems that the user has to face: time limit, hard to replace batteries, and different specifications. In order to solve these problems, a dynamic antenna-based wireless power charger based on electromagnetic coupling of coil is proposed to replace traditional batteries in this chapter. Flexible printed circuit can allow the user changes in the circuit into a suitable shape by cutting, reversing, and coiling. In this way, the user can improve the electricity supply effect by adjusting the power of wireless transmission.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Silicon Carbide Powder Mixed EDM
Authors: Tripathy Sasmeeta , Tripathy Deba Kumar
Published: August 2018

The present chapter deals with the investigations on the effect of process parameters like powder concentration (Cp), peak current (Ip), pulse-on-time (Ton), duty cycle (DC), and gap voltage (Vg) on output responses like material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), electrode wear ratio (EWR), surface roughness (SR), recast layer thickness (RLT), and micro-hardness (HVN) for PMEDM of H-11 hot work tool steel. Multi-objective optimization using grey relational analysis (GRA) has been implemented to identify the optimum set of input parameters to achieve maximum MRR and HVN with minimum TWR, EWR, SR, and RLT at the same time. Predicted results on verification with confirmation tests improve the preference values by 0.09468 with GRA. The recommended settings of process parameters is found to be Cp=6g/l, Ip=3Amp, Ton=100µs, DC=70%, and Vg=30V from GRA. The microstructures were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to find the presence of surface deformities and identify alterations on the surface in comparison to the base material.
Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters by Different Multi-Response Optimization Techniques During Electro-Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Sahu Anshuman Kumar , Mahapatra Siba Sankar
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, the EDM process is performed by taking titanium alloy as work piece and AlSiMg prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) process as tool electrode along with copper and graphite. The EDM is performed by varying different process parameters like voltage (V), discharge current (Ip), duty cycle (τ), and pulse-on-time (Ton). The surface roughness parameters like Ra, Rt, and Rz are measured by the use of surface roughness measurement machine. To reduce the number of experiments, design of experiment (DOE) approach like Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array has been used. The surface properties of the EDM specimen are optimized by desirability function approach, TOPSIS and VIKOR method, and the best parametric setting is reported for the EDM process. All the optimization techniques convergence to the same optimal parametric setting. The type of tool is the most significant parameter followed by discharge current and voltage. Better surface finish of EDM specimen is produced with lower level of parametric setting along with the use of AlSiMg RP electrode during EDM.
FEM-ANN Sequential Modelling of Laser Transmission Welding for Prediction of Weld Pool Dimensions
Authors: Acherjee Bappa
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, a sequential modeling approach has been applied for modeling of laser transmission welding process using finite element method (FEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique to predict the weld pool dimensions in a shorter time frame. The scripting language, APDL (ANSYS® Parametric Design Language), is used to develop the three-dimensional FE model. During preprocessing, all the major physical phenomena of laser transmission welding process are incorporated into the model physics. Based on the temperature field predicted by the model, the weld pool dimensions (i.e., weld width and weld penetration depth) are calculated. The weld dimensions predicted by the developed FE model are further used for training a neural network model. It is found from the results of test data sets that the developed ANN model can predict the outputs with significant accuracy and takes less prediction time, which in turn saves time, cost, and the efforts for performing experiments.
Medical Image Lossy Compression With LSTM Networks
Authors: Nithin Prabhu G.  , Nagavi Trisiladevi C. , Mahesha P.
Published: August 2018

Medical images have a larger size when compared to normal images. There arises a problem in the storage as well as in the transmission of a large number of medical images. Hence, there exists a need for compressing these images to reduce the size as much as possible and also to maintain a better quality. The authors propose a method for lossy image compression of a set of medical images which is based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). So, the proposed method produces images of variable compression rates to maintain the quality aspect and to preserve some of the important contents present in these images.
Digital Image Analysis for Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Majumder Durjoy , Das Madhumita
Published: August 2018

Cancer diagnoses so far are based on pathologists' criteria. Hence, they are based on qualitative assessment. Histopathological images of cancer biopsy samples are now available in digital format. Such digital images are now gaining importance. To avoid individual pathologists' qualitative assessment, digital images are processed further through use of computational algorithm. To extract characteristic features from the digital images in quantitative terms, different techniques of mathematical morphology are in use. Recently several other statistical and machine learning techniques have developed to classify histopathological images with the pathologists' criteria. Here, the authors discuss some characteristic features of image processing techniques along with the different advanced analytical methods used in oncology. Relevant background information of these techniques are also elaborated and the recent applications of different image processing techniques for the early detection of cancer are also discussed.
Analysis of Medical Images Using Fractal Geometry
Authors: Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Mishra Jibitesh
Published: August 2018

Fractal dimension is an emerging research area in order to characterize the complex or irritated objects found in nature. These complex objects are failed to analyze by classical Euclidian geometry. The concept of FD has extensively applied in many areas of application in image processing. The thought of the FD will work based upon the theory of self-similarity because it holds structures that are nested with one another. Over the last years, fractal geometry was applied extensively in medical image analysis in order to detect cancer cells in human body because our vascular system, nervous system, bones, and breast tissue are so complex and irregular in pattern, and also successfully applied in ECG signal, brain imaging for tumor detection, trabeculation analysis, etc. In order to analyze these complex structures, most of the researchers are adopting the concept of fractal geometry by means of box counting technique. This chapter presents an overview of box counting and its improved algorithms and how they work and their application in the field of medical image processing.
Automatic Computerized Diagnostic Tool for Down Syndrome Detection in Fetus
Authors: Simon Michael Dinesh , Kavitha A. R.
Published: August 2018

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder and the chromosome abnormality observed in humans that can cause physical and mental abnormalities. It can never be cured or rectified. Instead it has to be identified in the fetus and prevented from being born. Many ultrasonographic markers like nuchal fold, nasal bone hypoplasia, femur length, and EIF are considered to be the symptoms of Down syndrome in the fetus. This chapter deals with the creation of automatic and computerized diagnostic tool for Down syndrome detection based on EIF. The proposed system consists of two phases: 1) training phase and 2) testing phase. In training phase, the fetal images with EIF and Down syndrome is analyzed and characteristics of EIF are collected. In testing phase, detection of Down syndrome is performed on the fetal image with EIF based on the knowledge cluster obtained using ESOM. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity.
HE Stain Image Segmentation Using an Innovative Type-2 Fuzzy Set-Based Approach
Authors: Bora Dibya Jyoti
Published: August 2018

HE stain images are widely used in medical diagnosis and often considered a gold standard for histology and pathology laboratories. A proper analysis is needed to have a critical decision about the status of the diagnosis of the concerned patient. Segmentation is always considered as an advanced stage of image analysis where objects of similar properties are put in one segment. But segmentation of HE stain images is not an easy task as these images involve a high level of fuzziness with them mainly along the boundary edges. So, traditional techniques like hard clustering techniques are not suitable for segmenting these images. So, a new approach is proposed in this chapter to deal with this problem. The proposed approach is based on type-2 fuzzy set and is new. The experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed technique.
The Efficacy of Working E-Portfolios to Assess Emergent and Digital Literacies Congruently in Social Contexts
Authors: Masek Nicole
Published: August 2018

Early childhood education instruction and assessment practices for emergent literacy were established in an era that prioritized standardization of knowledge based on age and stage of development. The evolution of 2.0 technologies has shifted culture within developed societies to prioritize digital literacy that is synonymous to political, social and economic capital. This article asserts two positions: the first is to shift the pedagogy of early childhood toward cultivating both emergent and digital literacies using traditional strategies in conjunction with technology. The second position is the efficacy of working e-portfolios to develop and assess multi-literacy. Fundamental attributes of working e-portfolios are outlined and applied to goals for multi-literacy in democratic early childhood classrooms. The three-pronged theoretical framework is the learner-centered approach espoused with Vygotsky's social-constructivism, and Marie Clay's theory of emergent literacy development in social contexts.
The Role of Ethics in Developing Professionalism Within the Global ICT Community.
Authors: Thornley Clare Victoria , Murnane Sinéad , McLoughlin Stephen , Carcary Marian , Doherty Eileen , Veling Louise
Published: August 2018

This article investigates the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a global profession with a specific focus on the role of ethics. It addresses three main issues: to what extent ethics contribute to the development of the professional identity of ICT practitioners; what practices and policies can promote the development of ICT ethics; how these practices and policies can usefully be coordinated internationally. Within the European policy framework, professional ethics is seen as one of the four pillars of ICT professionalism, along with: competences; bodies of knowledge; education and training. A diverse range of international stakeholders were consulted on how to develop and implement ethical frameworks in culturally and economically diverse regions. Findings include the need to: be sensitive to the cultural and economic factors of different regions; integrate work on ethics with other aspects of professionalism; promote multiple types of engagement with professional ethics.
Role of Emotional Intelligence in Managing Interpersonal Relations at Workplace in the IT Sector
Authors: Sinha Vinita
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the present article is to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in managing interpersonal relations at workplace in the IT sector of India. Based on the facts obtained from the literature review, the article aims to establish a relationship between the variables of emotional intelligence and their corresponding effect on interpersonal relations which consists of parameters namely the need for inclusion, control and affection. The article initially explores emotional intelligence and interpersonal relations and thereafter specifically finds out the relationship between the variables involved. Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behaviour (FIRO-B) instrument and Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test have been used to explore the relationship. The article uses the sample of 81 employees that covered most of the major IT companies with the same size, structure, practises and environment in order to get a uniform respondent set. The age of the respondents varied from 21 to 29 years of age and the work experience varied from 6 months to as high as 5 years. From the analysis done in the study it can be suggested that emotional intelligence plays a significant role in managing and maintaining the healthy relations at workplace in the IT sector.
Exploring the Usage of MOOCs in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Costa Carolina , Teixeira Leonor , Alvelos Helena
Published: August 2018

This article analyses the current usage of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in HEIs. First, a literature review is performed to identify and classify the recent developments in the area and to characterize the most used platforms and courses. Following this, an analysis of MOOCs offered by some HEIs is carried out to characterize and compare the courses available in the platforms. Concerning the main findings, the literature reveals that usage of MOOCs has been growing in recent years and that Coursera and EdX are the two main platforms used. The analysis of MOOCs available in those platforms shows that the number of universities using them and the number of courses offered have been increasing. The comparison between the courses available through the above-mentioned platforms shows that EdX is more interdisciplinary. The outcomes of this article are valuable for researchers on ICT use in HEI and may help professors implementing MOOCs in their own environment.
Development of Interactive Multimedia Learning Materials for Improving Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Djamas Djusmaini , Tinedi Vonny , Yohandri
Published: August 2018

Learning materials offer students and teachers valuable assistance in physics lessons. This article was aimed at developing and evaluating interactive multimedia learning materials that are equipped with games in Linear Motion and Newton's Laws for improving critical thinking skills. The evaluation consists of an expert review, based on grades from four experts, practicality testing by 30 students, and effectiveness testing concerning students' critical thinking skills after they have used interactive multimedia learning materials. Thus, the research result shows that interactive multimedia learning materials are valid, practical, and effective. Based on this result, it appears that interactive multimedia learning materials can enhance students' critical thinking skills.
The Effects of Strategic Typology Model and Strategic Alignment on the Delivery Capability of an IT Organization
Authors: Yarbrough J. Stan , Lind Mary L.
Published: August 2018

Measuring the state of IT alignment with business strategy is gradually becoming less elusive but practical approaches continue to be difficult to propose and execute. The results of this study indicate that higher degrees of IT strategic alignment with business occurs in Prospector and Analyzer types. Given the context of the STM model and the inclination of business strategy to center on a single type, these two models are most effective in generating IT capability over time. Defender STM types tend to lead to lower IT capability and low levels of alignment. It is recommended that the concept of IT alignment is as a function of information technology management, and the idea of making alignment solely the responsibility of the Chief Information Officer (CIO), fails to reach the goals of alignment, which requires strategic direction from a business that matches a Prospector or Analyzer type.
An Improved Web Page Recommendation Technique for Better Surfing Experience
Authors: Wagh Rajnikant Bhagwan , Patil Jayantrao Bhaurao
Published: August 2018

Recommendation systems are growing very rapidly. While surfing, users frequently miss the goal of their search and lost in information overload problem. To overcome this information overload problem, the authors have proposed a novel web page recommendation system to save surfing time of user. The users are analyzed when they surf through a particular web site. Authors have used relationship matrix and frequency matrix for effectively finding the connectivity among the web pages of similar users. These webpages are divided into various clusters using enhanced graph based partitioning concept. Authors classify active users more accurately to found clusters. Threshold values are used in both clustering and classification stages for more appropriate results. Experimental results show that authors get around 61% accuracy, 37% coverage and 46% F1 measure. It helps in improved surfing experience of users.
Adequate Quantification of Project Cost Risks
Authors: Raydugin Yuri
Published: August 2018

Literature on project management contains an abundancy of references to abnormally high project cost overruns as well as bitter complaints that modern risk quantification methods could not accurately predict project cost outcomes in many cases. This article provides a) an explanation of abnormally high project cost overruns, b) a link of risk quantification with ‘project team's quality' (team's strengths and weaknesses) and bias, c) an explanation why all currently used risk quantification Monte Carlo methodologies are relevant to ‘strong teams' only, d) introduction of a new non-linear probabilistic (Monte Carlo) methodology to define adequate cost contingencies for projects managed by ‘weak teams', e) a practical case of the non-linear (Monte Carlo) probabilistic modeling, and f) rough calibration of non-linear probabilistic (Monte Carlo) models that could be practically used for rule-of-thumb estimating of project cost outcomes.
Risk Type and Behavioural Bias
Authors: Trickey Geoff
Published: August 2018

There are two distinct approaches to risk. Firstly, the ‘objective' approach is numeric, probabilistic and focused on the risk itself; it is concerned with people in general rather than in individual terms. Secondly, the ‘subjective' approach recognizes that risk issues have personal and individual dimensions. It is argued that the progress achieved by technical advances in project management are being stalled by failure to make similar advances in addressing Human Factors. Reliance on ever-tightening controls and micro-managing workplace behavior or pursuing zero safety incidents can be counterproductive both for compliance and for the bottom line if individual risk dispositions are not part of the solution. Professional, regulatory and standards bodies increasingly emphasize employee participation and risk leadership as important for the mutual trust and respect necessary for safety objectives to be fully realized. This article reports how Risk Type is impacting these issues.
Risks Management in Agile New Product Development Project Environments
Authors: Galli Brian J. , Lopez Paola Andrea Hernandez
Published: August 2018

This article reviews the risks associated with the implementation of Agile Project Management practices in projects that involved new products development in manufacturing companies and identified according to existing research the best strategies to approach those risks. Further, this article analyzes the events that can affect the implementation of APM practices in projects that involve the development of new products within manufacturing companies and provides some strategies to mitigate, avoid, and minimize the likelihood if they become risks and its impact in the customer requirements. Principal risks in manufacturing companies were highlighted, and its probability and impact were evaluated regarding scope, quality, schedule, and cost. Risk responses and strategies were noted align with the purpose of the agile practices, which is to deliver innovative products quickly and with high-quality standards.
The usefulness of aerobiological methods in monitoring lycopod sporulation
Authors: Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska Anna , Chłopek Kazimiera , Gola Edyta M. , Bogdanowicz Monika
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – The purpose of the study was to determine whether the concentration of lycopod spores present in aeroplankton reflects their release during sporulation and whether it is a good indirect tool to estimate the condition of lycopod populations in Poland.Methods – The study was conducted in Sosnowiec, S Poland. The airborne spores were continuously captured by the volumetric spore trap during a period of eleven years (1998–2008). Plant pollen grains and spores from the trap were macroscopically identified, counted and expressed as daily pollen grain and spore concentrations in 1 m3 of air. Key results – The average monthly sum of captured lycopod spores varied in the analysed period of time from 0.3 to 4.1 spores per year. Their yearly concentration was small in comparison to the ascertained pollen grains and did not exceed 0.5% of all airborne particles captured in a given year. In addition, they showed seasonal fluctuations with the highest concentration of spores usually detected in July. This finding is in accordance with the typical time of lycopod sporulation. In addition, we detected the presence of lycopod spores outside the typical summer sporulation time, i.e. during months of winter and early spring. In our opinion, their presence is related to the phenomenon of lengthened (winter) sporulation of clubmosses.Conclusions – Our results showed only limited transportation of lycopod spores by wind. Therefore, the condition of lycopod populations in Poland can hardly be estimated using aerobiological methods. Nevertheless, the seasonal dynamics of lycopod spore concentration can be recorded by aerobiological methods.
Stem anatomy at various developmental stages of secondary growth in Turbina corymbosa (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Lekhak Manoj M. , Gondaliya Amit D. , Yadav Shrirang R. , Rajput Kishore S.
Published: August 2018

Background – Population growth of lianas in the tropical forest is credited to their ability of CO2 sequestration and efficiency of the narrow stems to supply water required for the amount of foliage it bears. Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. (Convolvulaceae Juss.) is one of the fast-growing invasive species of scrambling woody lianas. It covers trees entirely within a short period to compete with above-ground resources (particularly sunlight). However, no information is available on how it manages to cope up with an increasing demand of water supply and mineral nutrients. What are the structural and developmental patterns adapted by this species to expand the stem diameter for efficient supply of below-ground resources? Therefore, our aim was to investigate the secondary growth patterns and structure of secondary xylem and phloem in T. corymbosa.Methods – Several samples of the stem with various diameters were studied using a histological method. Morphological and anatomical analyses were carried out using light microscopy.Key results – With the initiation of secondary growth, stems lose their circular outline rapidly due to unequal deposition of secondary xylem and formation of successive cambia. New successive cambia initiate from parenchymatous cells as small crescent-shaped fragments on asymmetric/opposite sides and result in a different stem conformation. Though several segments of successive cambia are formed, very few stem samples form complete cambium rings. The secondary xylem formed by successive cambia is diffuse porous with indistinct growth rings and is composed of both wide and narrow (fibriform) vessels, tracheids, fibres, axial and ray parenchyma cells. The secondary phloem consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, axial and ray parenchyma cells. In fully grown plants, cambial action (internal cambium) occurrs between the intraxylary phloem and protoxylem and produces secondary xylem and phloem near the pith region.Conclusion – Structural alterations and unequal deposition of conducting elements, occurrence of intraxylary phloem and flattening of the stem are suggested to facilitate rapid growth of the plants by providing required minerals and nutrients. Internal cambium formed at the periphery of the pith is bidirectional and produces secondary xylem externally and intraxylary phloem internally. Continued development of intraxylary phloem from the internal cambium provides an additional path for rapid and safe translocation of photosynthates.
Factors affecting the local distribution of Polystigma rubrum stromata on Prunus spinosa
Authors: Roberts Hattie R. , Pidcock Sara E. , Redhead Sky C. , Richards Emily , O’Shaughnessy Kevin , Douglas Brian , Griffith Gareth W.
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – Polystigma rubrum forms orange-red stromata on the surface of living leaves of Prunus spinosa and P. domestica. Records suggests that this fungus now has a much more limited distribution in Britain than recorded in the 19th and early 20th century. Methods – We studied the local distribution of the fungus in the Burren Hills of western Ireland where it remains very common. Key results – Assessment of the local distribution of the fungus over two years found stromata to occur more frequently on P. spinosa leaves in hedgerows than woodlands. On individual trees in areas of open limestone pavement, the frequency of stromata was ten times higher in 2016 than 2015, possibly related to interannual rainfall differences. On hedgerow trees subjected to winter flooding, stromata were much less abundant, whereas stromata were more abundant on leaves also infected by the gall mite Eriophyes prunispinosae. The identity of Po. rubrum was confirmed by ITS sequencing.Conclusion – At a field location where Po. rubrum stromata are present in unusually high abundance, the distribution of stromata on trees in different habitats showed high levels of variation linked to both habitat and the presence of gall mites. Further work is required to determine whether variation in leaf surface and soil moisture are the key determinants of the observed distribution. Such investigations may reveal why Po. rubrum, once common in northern Europe is now restricted mainly to westerly, coastal locations.
Direct measurements of NO3 reactivity in and above the boundary layer of a mountaintop site: identification of reactive trace gases and comparison with OH reactivity
Authors: Liebmann Jonathan M. , Muller Jennifer B. A. , Kubistin Dagmar , Claude Anja , Holla Robert , Plass-Dülmer Christian , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present direct measurements of the summertime total reactivity of
NO3 towards organic trace gases, kOTGNO3,
at a rural mountain site (988 m a.s.l.) in southern Germany in 2017. The
diel cycle of kOTGNO3 was strongly influenced by
local meteorology with high reactivity observed during the day (values of up
to 0.3 s−1) and values close to the detection limit (0.005 s−1)
at night when the measurement site was in the residual layer and free
troposphere. Daytime values of kOTGNO3 were
sufficiently large that the loss of NO3 due to reaction with
organic trace gases competed with its photolysis and reaction with NO. Within
experimental uncertainty, monoterpenes and isoprene accounted for all of the
measured NO3 reactivity. Averaged over the daylight hours, more
than 25 % of NO3 was removed via reaction with biogenic
volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), implying a significant daytime loss of
NOx and the formation of organic nitrates due to
NO3 chemistry. Ambient NO3 concentrations were measured
on one night and were comparable to those derived from a stationary-state
calculation using measured values of kOTGNO3. We
present and compare the first simultaneous, direct reactivity measurements
for the NO3 and OH radicals. The decoupling of the measurement site
from ground-level emissions resulted in lower reactivity at night for both
radicals, though the correlation between OH and NO3 reactivity was
weak as would be anticipated given their divergent trends in rate constants
with many organic trace gases.
Long-term observation of midlatitude quasi 2-day waves by a water vapor radiometer
Authors: Lainer Martin , Hocke Klemens , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A mesospheric water vapor data set obtained by the middle atmospheric water
vapor radiometer (MIAWARA) close to Bern, Switzerland
(46.88∘ N, 7.46∘ E) during
October 2010 to September 2017 is investigated to study the long-term
evolution and variability of quasi 2-day waves (Q2DWs). We present a
climatological overview and an insight on the dynamical behavior of these
waves with the occurring spectrum of periods as seen from a midlatitude
observation site. Such a large and nearly continuous measurement data set as
ours is rare and of high scientific value. The core results of our
investigation indicate that the activity of the Q2DW manifests in burst-like
events and is higher during winter months (November–February) than during
summer months (May–August) for the altitude region of the mesosphere (up to
0.02 hPa in winter and up to 0.05 hPa in summer)
accessible for the instrument. Single Q2DW events reach at most about
0.8 ppm in the H2O amplitudes. Further, monthly mean Q2DW
amplitude spectra are presented and reveal a high-frequency variability
between different months. A large fraction of identified Q2DW events
(20 %) develop periods between 38 and 40 h. Further, we
show the temporal evolution of monthly mean Q2DW oscillations continuously
for all months and separated for single months over 7 years. The analysis of
autobicoherence spectra gives evidence that Q2DWs are sometimes phase coupled to diurnal oscillations to a
high degree and to waves with a period
close to 18 h.
Droplet Clustering in Shallow Cumuli: The Effects of In–Cloud Location and Aerosol Number Concentration
Authors: Dodson Dillon S. , Small Griswold Jennifer D.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions are complex, including albedo and lifetime effects that cause modifications to cloud characteristics. With most cloud–aerosol interactions focused on the previously stated phenomena, there has been no in–situ studies that focus explicitly on how aerosols can affect droplet clustering within clouds. This research therefore aims to gain a better understanding of how droplet clustering within cumulus clouds can be influenced by in–cloud droplet location (cloud edge vs. center) and aerosol number concentration. The pair–correlation function (PCF) is used to identify the magnitude of droplet clustering from data collected onboard the Center for interdisciplinary Remotely–Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft, flown during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). Time stamps (at 10−4 m spatial resolution) of cloud droplet arrival times were measured by the Artium Flight Phase–Doppler Interferometer (PDI). Using four complete days of data with 81 non–precipitating cloud penetrations organized into two flights of low (L1, L2) and high (H1, H2) pollution data shows more clustering near cloud edge as compared to cloud center for all four cases. Low pollution clouds are shown to have enhanced overall clustering, with flight L2 being solely responsible for this enhanced clustering. Analysis suggests cloud age plays a larger role in the clustering amount experienced than the aerosol number concentration, with dissipating clouds showing increased clustering as compared to growing or mature clouds. Results using a single, vertically developed cumulus cloud demonstrate more clustering near cloud top as compared to cloud base.
Direct evidence for secondary ice formation at around −15 °C in mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Mignani Claudia , Creamean Jessie M. , Zimmermann Lukas , Alewell Christine , Conen Franz
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Ice crystal numbers can exceed the numbers of ice-nucleating particles (INP) observed in mixed-phase clouds by several orders of magnitude also at temperatures that are colder than required for the Hallett-Mossop process (−3 °C to −8 °C). These observations provide circumstantial evidence of secondary ice formation. Attempting a more direct observational approach we made use of the fact that planar, branched snow crystals (e.g. dendrites) grow within a relatively narrow temperature range (about −12 °C to −17 °C) and can be analysed individually for INP using a field-suitable drop freezing assay technique. During February and March 2018, we analysed 190 dendritic crystals (an average of ∼3 mm in size and between 1.3 to 7.6 mm) deposited within mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Switzerland. Overall, one in eight of these crystals contained an INP active at −17 °C or warmer, while the remaining seven of eight most likely resulted from secondary ice formation within the clouds. The ice multiplication factor we observed was small (8), but relatively stable throughout the course of the experiment. These measurements show that secondary ice can be observed at temperatures around −15 °C in the atmosphere and thus advance our understanding of the extent of secondary ice formation in mixed-phase clouds, even where the multiplication factor is smaller than 10.
Ngara Dyin
Authors: Goslett Mary , Beavan Vanessa
Published: August 2018

The marginalised position and unequal health status of Aboriginal people in Australia are a direct consequence of the trauma and dispossession of colonisation. Aboriginal women experience even greater levels of distress and ill health than Aboriginal men, and are more disadvantaged than any other group of women in Australia. While strength of cultural identity leads to increased social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) and reduced socioeconomic hardship, Aboriginal people in urban and regional areas suffer greater discrimination and resultant psychological stress than those in remote areas; they are additionally subjected to accusations of inauthenticity. Improving Aboriginal women’s SEWB is pivotal in advancing Aboriginal SEWB overall. This research has explored nine regional Aboriginal women’s experiences of culture and identity by a process of deeply listening to each woman: Ngara Dyin (Dharawal language). The aim was to discern means to strengthen cultural attachment and enhance positive cultural identity for this group of women, and consequently their community. Through the process of interpretive phenomenological analysis, seven interdependent overarching themes were developed: walking and talking black; it’s not easy growing up in a white society; we sit down and listen; connection to Country; strong black women; the way forward; and, wanting that magic. Decolonising approaches to increasing Aboriginal women’s SEWB dictate that understandings of culture and identity must be informed and guided by the very people whose experience is being sought, and these women clearly indicate the need for strengthened cultural connection through funded gatherings and connections with senior women from remote areas.
“And There'll Be NO Dancing”. Perspectives on Policies Impacting Indigenous Australia Since 2007
Authors: Haag Oliver
Published: August 2018

“Sexual abuse of children is inexcusable. So why is there such a fuss about a state intervention? Should we shut up and do nothing just because there is racism? No child or woman must be molested, irrespective of who the perpetrator is!” Thus my recollection of what one of my Scottish colleagues said in an informal conversation about the 2007 Northern Territory Intervention, a set of legal and political measures intended to curtail domestic violence in Indigenous Australian communities. “Yes”, I replied, “race should not be an issue when talking about crime”. Not least because domestic violence happens everywhere, including Scotland. I would not have heard anyone talking about a specifically Scottish, White or European propensity for domestic violence. Yet there is abundant talk about Black violence. Generalisation is the hallmark of racialisation. Blackness is scripted as inherently violent—a tenacious trope deriving from colonial concepts of ferocious animalism (e.g. Eze 2000; Nederveen-Pieterse 1990).
High Stakes
Authors: Nicoll Fiona
Published: August 2018

In this lucidly written, carefully conceived, persuasively argued and thoroughly researched book, Jessica Cattelino studies the ways that members of the Seminole Indian nation have reconfigured material and symbolic forms of their sovereignty in the casino-era. As such, High Stakes makes a valuable contribution to literature on cultural economy, cultural studies, political economy and cultural history in addition to the author’s home discipline of anthropology. It also makes an intellectual intervention at a moment which has seen Indigenous ownership of legal gambling businesses become the object of often contradictory discourses which Cattelino relates to '...more general American anxieties... about the effects of economic power upon cultural difference and the role of differential political status in a democratic multicultural nation'(8).
Critical Indigenous Studies in the Classroom
Authors: Andersen Chris
Published: August 2018

Part of the mandate of most Indigenous Studies faculties/departments is to critically examine the historical and contemporary relationship between Aboriginal and settler societies. However, the multidisciplinarity of Indigenous Studies scholars and scholarship means that such critical examination can and does vary widely by institution and even between faculty members within the same institution. This article positions three pedagogical choices - studying ‘the local’, the use of primary evidence and the use of discourse analysis-as promoting the integration of disciplinary methodological differences while imbuing Indigenous Studies with a distinctive disciplinary trajectory. Moreover, I demonstrate how a particular emphasis on local Indigenous/settler relationships denaturalises the structures of racism anchoring the white privilege characterising power relations in colonial nation states like Canada.
Corriendo Educando or Teaching/Learning While Running
Authors: Rodriquez Roberto
Published: August 2018

Indigenous ceremonial running is traced back many hundreds of years and generally forms part of larger ceremonial ways. Today, running functions as part of athletic events, although running can also function as a means to commemorate a past event (memory) and as a means to transmit ancestral or traditional knowledge. This article examines running as a means of learning and acquiring knowledge and as a method of teaching and raising consciousness. It also considers how ceremonial running has transformed the Tucson community, which has been involved in intense human rights struggles, particularly in the struggle to teach Ethnic Studies and examines the testimonios of the runners.
Taking Care of the Ancestral Language
Authors: Sarivaara Erika Katjaana , Uusiautti Satu
Published: August 2018

Non-status Sámi are defined as a group of people who are of Sámi descent, but they do not have official Sámi status. The term ‘non-status’ means that they lack the official status of Sámi people because they do not fulfill the criteria of Sáminess, as defined by the Finnish law of the Sámi Parliament, and thus do not belong to the electoral register of the Sámi Parliament. Some of the Non-status Sámi have revitalised the Sámi language and started to use it actively; this was the target group of this study. In this study, ten Non-status Sámi’s narratives were obtained through interviews. The Sámi-speaking Non-status Sámi were divided into two types according to how they locate themselves in Sámi society: (1) conscious Non-status Sámi; and (2) integrative Non-Status Sámi. According to the findings, Sámi-speaking Non-status Sámi identities and locations within the Sámi society are diverse. The study contributes to the discussion of decolonisation a new perspective from Indigenous people who have consciously started to revitalise Indigenous language and culture. Furthermore, the study shows the multidimensional nature of Indigenous identity and sheds light on marginalities in Indigenous communities.
Racialized policing
Authors: Dafnos Tia
Published: August 2018

Recent months of 2013 have seen the public release of official reports on the ongoing exclusion and marginalisation of Indigenous peoples vis-à-vis the Canadian criminal justice system. The Iacobucci review (2013), commissioned by the Ontario Government, documents systemic racism throughout the courts, prisons and jury systems that disadvantages Indigenous peoples. The review emerged from the lack of Indigenous jurors in coroner’s inquests into the death of Jacy Pierre in police custody, and the drowning of Reggie Bushie in 2007. Another report from the Correctional Investigator documents the over-representation of Indigenous people in the federal prison system, which has increased by 43 per cent in five years (Saper 2012). These observations are set against the political backdrop of the conservative government’s ‘tough on crime’ agenda and ongoing policies of Aboriginal title and rights extinguishment (Diabo 2012).
Learning the past to participate in the future
Authors: Koerner Catherine
Published: August 2018

Indigenous curricula content, including particular narratives of Australian colonial history are highly contested in contemporary Australia. How do white Australians understand Australia’s colonial past and its relevance today? An empirical study was conducted with 29 rural Australians who self-identified as white. Critical race and whiteness studies provided the framework for analysis of the interviews. I argue that they revealed a delimited understanding of colonial history and a general inability to link this to the present, which limited their capacity to think crossculturally in their everyday living - activities considered crucial in the contemporary move to Reconciliation in Australia. The normative discourse of white settler Australians to be ‘Australian’ is invested in the denial of Indigenous sovereignty to protect white settler Australian claims to national sovereignty. The findings support arguments for a national curriculum that incorporates Indigenous history as well as an Indigenous presence throughout all subject areas.
contribution of focus group discussions to Aboriginal Australian health service research
Authors: Dawson Angela , Daniels John , Clapham Kathleen
Published: August 2018

Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) are a common way of gathering qualitative data in Aboriginal health services research; however there have been no studies on the question of whether they are appropriate research tools in such contexts, nor are there are specific guidelines available to ensure that FGDs are delivered to collect data in ways that are consistent with Aboriginal approaches to consultation, ownership and ways of knowing. Furthermore, there is a lack of clarity concerning the theoretical and methodological perspectives that could be operationalised by FGDs to gather data, guide analysis and interpretation in ways that are culturally appropriate, ethically sound and rigorous. We undertook a content analysis of Aboriginal health services research studies using FGDs to determine their use and elements that may provide insight into good practice. A framework is proposed to help guide future FGD research with Aboriginal people.
Blood in our hearts or blood on our hands? The viscosity, vitality and validity of Aboriginal ‘blood talk’.
Authors: Bond Chelsea , Brough Mark , Cox Leonie
Published: August 2018

Blood metaphors abound in everyday social discourse among both Aboriginal and nonAboriginal people. However, ‘Aboriginal blood talk’, more specifically, is located within a contradictory and contested space in terms of the meanings and values that can be attributed to it by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. In the colonial context, blood talk operated as a tool of oppression for Aboriginal people via blood quantum discourses, yet today, Aboriginal people draw upon notions of blood, namely bloodlines, in articulating their identities. This paper juxtaposes contemporary Aboriginal blood talk as expressed by Aboriginal people against colonial blood talk and critically examines the ongoing political and intellectual governance regarding the validity of this talk in articulating Aboriginalities.
Interrupting White Possession and Unsettling State Borders
Authors: Nicoll Fiona
Published: August 2018

It is both a pleasure and a significant responsibility to review two field-shaping works in critical indigenous studies. The White Possessive showcases the unique intellectual contribution of Aileen Moreton-Robinson, both within Australia and internationally. Prising apart concepts of race, ethnicity and cultural difference, her book makes visible and accountable the patriarchal white subject of possession that subtends them. Mohawk Interruptus is a rigorous ethnographic account of the intra-subjective and intersubjective dimensions of academic disciplines and political practices that produce and police the ‘authenticity’ of Indigenous people. Both books should be read and studied by scholars across academic disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. In particular, they break new ground for researchers in law, sociology, women’s studies, critical race and whiteness studies, postcolonial studies, anthropology, political theory and cultural studies.
Authenticity in indigenous tourism
Authors: Hsu Pei-Hsin , Nilep Chad
Published: August 2018

Although authenticity is frequently debated in the study of the tourism industry, the host’s perspective has rarely been discussed. This study of Smangus village, an indigenous tourism site in Taiwan, explores host authenticity, a view of community as distinct and true to a shared sense of self. An ethnographic approach was used for periodic data collection from 2006 to 2015, focusing on the village’s tourism initiation and communal tourism activities. The results show that Atayal Gaga, a traditional social norm that stresses communal action toward shared goals, underpins Smangus’ tourism industry. Host authenticity is shown in the decision to transform village industry from agriculture to tourism and in tourism programs that stress local people’s role as educators. The contribution of this research is to provide an additional perspective for the theoretical discourse of authenticity in tourism studies and to give an empirical example for indigenous communities in future tourism development and management.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

The articles in this special edition attempt to capture the key learnings and the legacy of the Australian Research Council ‘Special Research Initiative’ funded by the National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN). NIRAKN is a national, inclusive, multidisciplinary hub-and-spokes-model network of Indigenous researchers at various stages of their careers. The significant research problem that the network sought to address was how to harness the power of diverse Indigenous knowledges to build a strong, sustainable cohort of linked, qualified, Indigenous researchers across disciplines and fields, and how to weave that cohort into the very fabric of Australian research.