bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative mitochondrial genome brings insights to slight variation in gene proportion and large intergenic spacer and phylogenetic relationship of mudskipper species.
Authors: Muhala Valdemiro , Guimarães-Costa Aurycéia , Bessa-Silva Adam , Rabelo Luan , Carneiro Jeferson , Macate Isadola , Watanabe Luciana , Balcázar Oscar , Gomes Grazielle , Vallinoto Marcelo , Sampaio Iracilda
Published: August 2023

Fish mitochondrial genome have been largely studied worldwide for evolutionary and other genetic purposes and the structure and gene organization are commonly conservative. However, several studies have demonstrated that this scenario may present variations in some taxa, showing differentiation on the gene rearrangement. In this study, the complete mitogenome of terrestrial fish Boleophthalmus dussumieri was generated and compared with other species of the Exudercidae fishes. The newly complete mitogenome generated is circular and 16,685 pb of length, and it contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and one control region (CR), with high conservative structure, like other Mudskippers. Most of the PCG showed similar codon usage bias. The gene length was found to be different specially for the CR, 12S rRNA gene and ND5 gene in some taxon. All the Boleophthalmus species showed a gene duplication in the CR, except for B. dussumieri. The phylogenetic analysis grouped all mudskippers species as a monophyletic group and the analysis positioned the Periophthalmus clade as the most basal in the terrestrial fishes. This finding provides basis and brings insights for gene variation, gene rearrangements and replications showing evidence for variety of mitochondrial structure diversity within mudskippers.
WITHDRAWN: Stability analysis of rainfall-induced landslides: A case study of a hilly area in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Monir , Hasan Md Tanvir , Hasanath Md Abul , Hore Ripon
Published: August 2023

This investigation examines the landslide due to rain in the Chattogram Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, including its origins, impacts, and the role played by the local geology and environment. Thus, designing early warning systems for such threats requires an in-depth understanding of the geo-environmental properties of soil slopes under heavy rainfall. In the past, when it rained more than 150–250 mm, localized slope collapses and large-scale debris floods occurred. Both extensive landslides and small-scale slope collapses have been seen. As a result, studies of soil-water characteristics have been conducted, followed by laboratory testing at the impacted sites. While hill cutting, deforestation, and unplanned human settlements contribute to landslide disasters, the study found that rainfall and soil type (fine-grained silt) were the most critical factors behind landslides. The slope stability equation was combined with a numerical model to pinpoint the issue's root. When it rains heavily, the soil becomes more saturated than usual, and its suction and shear strengths fall, as shown by analytical investigations and computer models. The slopes of the hills become precarious as a consequence. However, the mechanism has been demonstrated, considering some simplified assumptions. In contrast, it has been noticed that most of the landslides occurred when the degree of saturation was maximum and the safety factor was nearly 0.4 to 0.9; on the other hand, the safety factor was 1.8 to 2.0 in the dry condition. These experimental findings might be implemented in early warning systems for flash floods and landslides.
Mechanism of fluoxetine downregulation of circMap2k1 to alleviate neurological function after ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Hui , Deng Jian , He Yibo , Cai Zhili , He Yitao
Published: August 2023

Background
Ischemic stroke (IS) is known for its high incidence, disability and mortality, and there is an urgent need to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms and develop novel treatment strategies. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the novel circMap2k1/miR-135b-5p/Pidd1 axis in the treatment of IS progression with fluoxetine.
Methods
The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established, followed by fluoxetine treatment and injecting adeno-associated viruses (AAV)-sh-ctr and AAV-sh-circMap2k1 into bilateral hippocampal tissues of rats. Then cerebral infarction area, weight, Longa score, and neurological injury were evaluated. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to confirm the binding between miR-135b-5p and Pidd1. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the plasma. Finally, we verified the role of circMap2k1 in cellular experiments by overexpression of circMap2k1. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, while apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.
Results
Knockdown of circMap2k1 enhanced the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine on IS injury (cerebral infarction area, weight, and Longa score) in rats. Then knockdown of circMap2k1 enhanced the protective effect of fluoxetine on neurological injury after IS in rats. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the targeting of miR-135b-5p to Pidd1. Additionally, fluoxetine deactivated the adsorption of miR-135b-5p by downregulating circMap2k1, and miR-135b-5p further exerts its inhibitory effect on Pidd1, and finally attenuares the inflammatory response caused by microglial polarization after IS. Cell experiments revealed that overexpression of circMap2k1 repressed cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis.
Conclusions
Fluoxetine downregulated circMap2k1 to ameliorate neurological injury and inflammatory responses induced by microglia polarization after IS.
RAS-activated PI3K/AKT signaling sustains cellular senescence in experimental models of psoriasis via P53/P21 axis
Authors: Albanesi Cristina , Mercurio Laura , Bailey Jacob , Glick Adam , Dellambra Elena , Scarponi Claudia , Pallotta Sabatino , Madonna Stefania
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease in which upper epidermal keratinocytes exhibit a senescent-like phenotype. In psoriatic skin, a variety of inflammatory cytokines can activate intracellular pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling and RAS effectors. AKT and RAS participate to cellular senescence, but currently their role in senescence responses occurring in psoriasis have not yet been investigated. Here, we found AKT hyperactivation associated to the upregulation of senescence markers in psoriatic keratinocyte cultures subjected to multiple passages to promote senescence in vitro, as well as in skin lesions of patients affected by psoriasis. AKT-induced senescence was sustained by constitutive RAS activation, and PI3K/AKT pharmacological inhibition contrasted senescence processes induced by cytokines in psoriatic keratinocyte cultures. Additionally, RAS overexpression in the suprabasal epidermis in a murine model of psoriasis was accompanied by AKT upregulation, increase of senescence marker expression and by skin inflammation. In this model, both senescence and inflammation were significantly reduced by selective AKT inhibition. Therefore, targeting RAS-AKT pathway could be a promising novel strategy to counteract multiple psoriasis symptoms.
Which protocol for prostate biopsies in patients with a positive MRI? Interest of systematic biopsies by sectors.
Authors: Zambon Audrey , Nguyen Truong An , Fourcade Alexandre , Segalen Tristan , Saout Kevin , Deruelle Charles , Joulin Vincent , Tissot Valentin , Doucet Laurent , Fournier Georges , Valeri Antoine
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND Current prostate biopsy (PBx) protocol for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is to perform systematic biopsies (SBx) combined with targeted biopsies (TBx) in case of positive MRI (i.e PI-RADS ≥3). To assess the utility of performing SBx in combination with TBx, we determined the added value of SBx brought to the diagnosis of PCa according to their sextant location and MRI target characteristics.
METHODS In our local prospectively collected database, we conducted a single-center retrospective study including all patients with a suspicion of PCa, who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies (PBx) with a prior MRI and a single lesion classified as PI-RADS ≥3. We have characterized the SBx according to their location on MRI: same sextant (S-SBx), adjacent sextant (A-SBx), ipsilateral side (I-SBx) and contralateral side (C-SBx). The added value of SBx and TBx was defined as any upgrading to significant PCa (csPCa) (ISUP ≥2).
RESULTS 428 patients were included in the study. The added value of SBx was 10% overall. Regarding the lesion location and the SBx sextant, the added value of SBx was: 5.1% for S-SBx, 5.6% for A-SBx, 4.9 % for I-SBx and 2.1% for C-SBx. The overall added value of SBx was 6.0% for PI-RADS 3 lesions, 15% for PI-RADS 4 lesions and 6.7% for PI-RADS 5 lesions (p = 0,017). The added value of SBx for contralateral side was 1.7% (2/117), 3.1% (6/191) and 0.8% (1/120) for PI-RADS 3, PI-RADS 4 and PI-RADS 5 lesions, respectively (p = 0,4). The added value of SBx was lower when the number of TBx was higher (OR 0.56; CI95% 0.38-0.82; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the utility of performing SBx in the contralateral lobe toward the MRI lesion was very low, supporting that they might be avoided.
Multicenter prospective phase II trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly low-dose carboplatin for cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ueki Yushi , Ohshima Shusuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Takahashi Takeshi , Shodo Ryusuke , Yamazaki Keisuke , Ohtaki Kohei , Saijo Kohei , Tanaka Ryoko , Togashi Takafumi , Sato Yuichiro , Takano Satoshi , Omata Jo , Takahashi Nao , Okabe Ryuichi , Horii Arata
Published: August 2023

Background
The optimal chemotherapy regimen in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for cisplatin-ineligible head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of CCRT with weekly low-dose carboplatin for the treatment of advanced HNSCC in patients who are cisplatin-ineligible.
Methods
This prospective phase II study enrolled adult patients (age ≥ 20 years) with HNSCC receiving whole-neck irradiation including bilateral levels II–IV and who were aged (≥ 75-year-old patients with 40 mL/min estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] or better) or had renal dysfunction (< 75-year-old patients with 30–60 mL/min eGFR). Carboplatin was administered weekly in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve = 2.0 for up to seven cycles during concurrent radiotherapy (70 Gy/35 Fr). The primary endpoint was the completion rate of CCRT. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate and incidence of adverse events.
Results
Among the 30 patients enrolled, 28 were males. The median age was 73.5 years. Seventeen patients were <75 years whereas 13 were ≥75 years old. The completion rate of CCRT was 90%. Overall response rate was 90%. Grade 3 adverse events that occurred in 10% or more patients were oral/pharyngeal mucositis (47%), leukocytopenia (20%), and neutropenia (10%). Grade 4 adverse events occurred in one patient (elevation of alanine aminotransferase level). No treatment-related deaths occurred.
Conclusion
CCRT with weekly low-dose carboplatin is a promising treatment option, with favorable feasibility, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity, for patients who are cisplatin-ineligible with advanced HNSCC.
Machine learning-based prediction model for volume responsiveness in critically ill patients with oliguric acute kidney injury
Authors: Hui Yang , Cao Juan , Zhou Yuejun , Wang Yiqing , Wen Chengping
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives:
Fluid balance in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients can have adverse consequences if it is too high or too low, so rational fluid management is needed according to the patient’s volume status. This study aimed to develop a prediction model that can effectively identify volume-responsive (VR) and volume-unresponsive (VU) AKI patients.
Methods
We selected AKI patients from the US-based critical care database (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care, MIMIC-IV2.2) who had urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h in the first 6 h after ICU admission and fluid intake >5 l in the next 6 h. Patients who received diuretics and renal replacement therapy on day 1 were excluded. We developed three predictive models, based on either machine learning Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), random forest or logistic regression, to predict urine output >0.65 ml/kg/h in the 18 h following the initial 6 h of oliguria assessment, we divided the whole sample into training and testing sets by a ratio of 3:1，after training and optimizing the model, ranked the importance of features and evaluated the stability and accuracy of the model.
Main results
We analyzed 6295 patients, of whom 1438 (22.8%) experienced volume responsiveness and exhibited increased urine output after receiving more than 5 liters of fluid. Urinary creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose and age were identified as important predictive factors for volume responsiveness. The Random Forest model performed the best, followed by the GBM model.The machine learning GBM outperformed the traditional logistic regression model in distinguishing between the volume responsive (VR) and volume unresponsive (VU) groups (AU-ROC, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.867 to 0.874 vs. 0.789; 95% CI, 0.779 to 0.789, respectively).
Conclusions
The Random Forest and GBM model, compared to the traditional logistic regression model, demonstrated a better ability to differentiate patients who did not exhibit a response in urine output to fluid intake. This finding suggests that machine learning techniques have the potential to improve the development and validation of predictive models in critical care research. Based on the feature importance ranking, creatinine, bun, age, glucose, and bicarbonate were identified as highly important features in the model could predicted VR in AKI patients.
Impact of sample refrigeration and freezing on the bacteriological counts of different bedding materials for dairy cows
Authors: Poli Sara Fusar , Monistero Valentina , Pollera Claudia , Freu Gustavo , Bronzo Valerio , Piccinini Renata , Nocetti Marco , Sala Giulia , Santos Marcos Veiga dos , Moroni Paolo , Addis Maria Filippa
Published: August 2023

Background Different organic and inorganic bedding materials can be used in dairy farms. Among organic materials, there is an increasing interest in alternative substrates based on recycled manure solids (RMS). Microbiological analyses are crucial to monitor the microbial load and evaluate the presence of pathogens impacting animal welfare and health. However, logistic factors may hamper the possibility of immediately sending fresh samples to the laboratory, requiring storage in cooled conditions before analysis.
Methods We assessed the impact of sample refrigeration and freezing of different organic and inorganic bedding substrates including separated raw manure solids (SRMS), anaerobically digested manure solids (ADMS), and new sand (NS), on the total bacterial count (TBC) and on different microbial classes.
Results The TBC was higher in fresh NS and ADMS than in refrigerated and frozen samples of the same substrates; in addition, the TBC of ADMS was higher in refrigerated than frozen samples. The TBC of SRMS did not change significantly with refrigeration and freezing. Freezing reduced the total Gram-negative bacterial count more than refrigeration in all substrates. In fresh NS, Gram-negatives were higher than in both refrigerated and frozen NS. Escherichia coli counts were significantly lower in frozen than in refrigerated SRMS. However, both refrigeration and freezing of ADMS resulted in no E. coli growth. The coliform counts were also lower in frozen than refrigerated NS and SRMS. Frozen NS and ADMS showed lower counts compared to refrigeration for Gram-negative bacteria other than E. coli and coliforms. On the other hand, cold storage did not significantly impact the streptococcal count of all evaluated bedding substrates.
Conclusion Refrigeration and freezing affect the bacteriological results of bedding substrates, with freezing generally leading to lower counts than refrigeration. Whenever possible, preference should be given to analyzing fresh bedding samples, however, when necessary, refrigeration would be recommended over freezing, while acknowledging that the measured bacterial load might underestimate the actual microbial content.
How did African Stock Markets react to the Russia-Ukraine crisis “black-Swan” event? Empirical Insights from Event Study
Authors: Oyadeyi Olajide Omowonuola , Arogundade Sodiq , Biyase Mduduzi
Published: August 2023

This study builds on the recent literature by investigating how various types of African stock markets responded to the Russia-Ukraine crisis (commonly referred to as the black-swan event). The empirical analysis used in this paper centred on event study analysis, a statistical technique used to measure the impact of a specific event. The findings show that the black-swan event had a significant negative impact on 14 of the 20 selected African stock markets (14/20), with stocks having a negative abnormal return on the event day, and out of this, nine stocks' abnormal returns are statistically significant. These include Safaricom Kenya, Commercial International Bank, Attijariwafa Bank, Morocco Casablanca Index, Egyptian Exchange 30, Nairobi All Share Index, AVI Equity, MCB Group Ltd, FTSE/JSE All Share, Delta Corp. Ltd, Stock Exchange of Mauritius, Tunisia Stock Exchange, Tanzania All Share Index, and Banque de Tunisie. Furthermore, the study discovers that African stock markets reacted heterogeneously to the impact of the crises, while some stocks were severely affected, some were minimally affected. The study concludes that African stock markets should build a resilient market capable of withstanding external shock and reducing the risk of contagion.
A Novel Complementary Pathway of Cordycepin Biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Zhang Hucheng , Yang Jun , Luo Shuai , Liu Linying , Yang Guowei , Gao Bo , Fan Haitao , Deng Lina
Published: August 2023

We determined whether there exists a complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in wild-type Cordyceps militaris, cordycepin-high-producing strain C. militaris GYS60, and cordycepin-low-producing strain C. militaris GYS80. Differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptomes of the three strains. Compared with C. militaris, in GYS60 and GYS80, we identified 145 and 470 upregulated and 96 and 594 downregulated genes. Compared with GYS80, in GYS60, we identified 306 upregulated and 207 downregulated genes. GO analysis revealed that upregulated genes were mostly involved in detoxification, antioxidant, and molecular transducer in GYS60. By COG and KEGG analyses, eight genes were significantly upregulated; five genes related to purine metabolism, one to ATP production, one to secondary metabolite transport, and one to RNA degradation. In GYS60, cordycepin was significantly increased by upregulation of ATP production, which promoted 3',5'-cyclic AMP production. Cyclic AMP accelerated 3'-AMP accumulation, and cordycepin continued to be synthesized and exported. We verified the novel complementary pathway by adding the precursor adenosine and analyzing the expression of four key genes involved in the main pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis. Upon adenosine addition, cordycepin was increased by 51.2% and 10.1%, respectively, in C. militaris and GYS60. Four genes in the main pathway in GYS60 were not upregulated.
Reaping the hormonal rewards: investigating the role of sex hormones and cognitive performance in healthy older adults
Authors: Julian Ross , Fröhlich Stephanie , Müller Katrin , Dammhahn Melanie , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: August 2023

Background
Sex differences in cognitive performance have been extensively documented in scientific research, and these disparities continue to be observed in later stages of life. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors contributing to cognition in general and sex differences in specific is imperative to promote healthy cognitive ageing. Among these factors, sex hormones, specifically oestrogen and testosterone, have been implicated in cognitive performance variations. Nevertheless, there is a relative scarcity of studies investigating the relationship between sex hormones and cognitive performance in older adults. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate sex differences in cognitive performance and elucidate the association between sex hormones and these performance discrepancies.
Methods
Using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 121 older adults (aged ≥ 80 years), cognitive performance measures were divided into two cognitive components: executive functioning and memory. Subsequently, two mediation analyses were conducted. The first analysis aimed to determine the direct effects of sex and sex hormones (oestrogen and testosterone) on executive functioning and memory. The second analysis incorporated an oestrogen-by-sex interaction further to investigate the effects of oestrogen on cognitive performance.
Results
The results revealed that females outperformed males in executive functioning and memory, while oestrogen directly impacted performance. Furthermore, oestrogen exhibited a stronger association with executive functioning in females than in males. These findings indicate the possibility that early life or lifelong brain shaping influenced by sex hormones leads to the existence and persistence of sex differences in cognitive performance, with oestrogen playing a significant role in developing and maintaining female cognitive performance.
Conclusion
Overall, these findings have implications for basic research and clinical and cognitive ageing research development to promote cognitive health. Understanding the differences in cognitive abilities and the influence of sex-specific hormones between males and females can inform the research design and interventions to support healthy cognitive ageing.
Bulk CsPbClxBr3-x (1≤x≤3) perovskite nanocrystals/polystyrene nanocomposites with controlled Rayleigh scattering for light guide plate
Authors: Yang Bai , Liu Chongming , Zhu Zhicheng , Pan Kaibo , Fu Yuan , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2023

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs)/polymer nanocomposites can combine the advantages of each other, but extremely few works can achieve the fabrication of PNCs/polymer nanocomposites by bulk polymerization. We originally adopt a two-type ligand strategy to fabricate bulk PNCs/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites, including a new type of synthetic polymerizable ligand. The CsPbCl3 PNCs/PS nanocomposites show extremely high transparency even the doping content up to 5 wt%. The high transparency can be ascribed to the Rayleigh scattering as the PNCs distribute uniformly without obvious aggregation. Based on this behavior, we first exploit the potential of PNCs to serve as scatters inside light guided plate (LGP), whose surface illuminance and uniformity can be improved, and this new kind of LGP is compatible with the advanced liquid crystal display technology. Thanks to the facile composition adjustment of CsPbClxBr3−x (1 ≤ x ≤ 3) PNCs, the Rayleigh scattering behavior can also be adjusted so as to the performance of LGP. The best-performing 5.0-inch LGP based on CsPbCl2.5Br0.5 PNCs/PS nanocomposites shows 20.5 times higher illuminance and 1.8 times higher uniformity in display than the control. The LGP based on PNCs/PS nanocomposite exhibits an enormous potential in commercialization no matter based on itself or combined with the LGP-related technology.
Reading between the lines – complete blood count parameters as prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Stefaniuk Paulina , Muzyka-Kasietczuk Justyna , Koczkodaj Dorota , Hus Marek , Podhorecka Monika
Published: August 2023

Numerous research proved the prognostic significance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in few hematological malignancies. This retrospective cohort study conducted on a group of 204 patients aimed to analyze the role of NLR, LMR, PLR and RDW as markers of prognosis in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Initial NLR, RDW-CV were on average higher and LMR, PLR lower within dead patients compared to patients alive at 36 month of observation, MD = 0.29 CI95 [0.01;0.48], p = 0.035; MD = 1.50 CI95 [0.80;2.70], p = 0.001; MD = -0.71 CI95 [-1.69;-0.25], p = 0.001; MD = -16.92 CI95 [-25.25;-3.03], p = 0.004, respectively. Additionally, NLR, RDW-CV and RDW-SD were higher, and LMR lower on average within patients not responding to therapy compared with patients with any response, MD = 0.34 CI95 [0.08;0.49], p = 0.005; MD = 2.00 CI95 [1.10;2.60], p < 0.00; MD = 3.75 CI95 [0.10;6.70], p = 0.043; MD = -0.34 CI95 [-0.91;-0.05], p = 0.015, respectively. Higher NLR, RDW-CV, RDW-SD and lower LMR, PLR are poor prognostic factors, that may help risk-stratify patients with AML.
Optimizing radiation performance of plasma based hybrid bioconvective nanofluids integrated Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) micropump for tertiary level radiative oncology
Authors: Abid Abyaz , Azad A. K. , Bhuiyan Arafat A.
Published: August 2023

This research paper investigates the optimization of radiation performance of a plasma-based bioconvective nanofluid integrated Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) micropump for radiative oncology. It addresses a literature gap by analysing the radiative impact of blood-based hybrid nanofluids in MHD micropumps. Three blood-based bio-convective radiating hybrid nanofluids – blood – Pt, blood – Au and blood - MWCNT are studied to understand their radiation behaviour in MHD pump while being employed as transportation medium. The investigation employs two non-dimensional parameters, namely Rd (Radiation number) and Ha (Hartmann number), to examine the fluid dynamics, magnetic characteristics, and electrical properties of the MHD micropump. The temperature gradient, velocity distribution, and pressure drop along the flow channel are examined within the specified range of Rd and Ha. Magnetic flux density (MFD) and electric flux intensity (EFI) are evaluated to understand nanoparticle behaviour during drug delivery and blood transportation. Findings highlight that MWCNT and Pt are the most efficient bioconvective nanoparticles for plasma transportation under high radiative conditions. MWCNT-based blood flow exhibits desirable characteristics, including sufficient intake pressure and minimal pressure drop. Coherence between radiation flux and electromagnetic flux reduces pumping power and ensures uniform heat dissipation for improved drug delivery. Au nanoparticles provide maximum magnetic flux density, even in highly radiative environments, making them suitable for applications like embedded chemotherapy or cell treatment. Au nanoparticles maintain moderate electrical flux intensity with a minimal drop, particularly at higher radiative environments influenced by the Radiation number. Conclusively, it has been identified that MWCNT and Au are superior nanofluids for advanced radiative oncological treatments. These nanofluids have the potential to enhance plasma transportation, thermal regulation, and aetilogical disease management. The present study provides significant findings on enhancing the radiation performance in MHD micropumps through utilization of blood-based hybrid nanofluids, thereby offering potential advantages to the domain of biomedical engineering.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve myocardial fibrosis and restore miRNA-133a expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Boxin , He Jingjing , Yan Wei , Feng Bao , Chen Yimeng , Guo Ruiyun , Griffin Matthew Dallas , Hynes Seán , Shen Sanbing , Liu Yan , Cui Huixian , Ma Jun , O'Brien Timothy
Published: August 2023

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious health-threatening diabetic complication characterized by myocardial fibrosis and abnormal cardiac function. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) are considered as a potential therapeutic tool for DCM and myocardial fibrosis via the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of tail vein injection of hUC-MSCs on DCM and determine effects on miRNA and target mRNA expression.
Methods: A DCM mouse model was induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections and the effect of hUC-MSCs administration was assessed at two time points, 10 and 18 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus. Analysis of mouse heart tissues was undertaken two weeks after tail vein injection of hUC-MSCs. Biochemical methods, echocardiography, histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to analyze blood glucose, body weight, cardiac structure and function, degree of myocardial fibrosis, and expression of fibrosis related mRNA and miRNA.
Results: DCM animals treated with saline had impaired cardiac function, increased fibrosis and decreased expression of miRNA-133a after 10 and 18 weeks of DM. The myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction induced in DCM mice were significantly improved 2 weeks after hUC-MSCs treatment at both an early and late disease time point. Furthermore, pro-fibrotic indicators such as α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, Smad3, and Smad4 levels were significantly reduced after hUC-MSCs infusion compared with DCM hearts from animals treated with normal saline, and anti-fibrotic indicators such as FGF1 and miRNA-133a were significantly increased.
Conclusion: These results suggest that hUC-MSCs may improve cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in DCM by regulating miRNA-133a and fibrosis related mRNAs.
A simple access to hexahydropyrimidine from 1,3-diamine: Synthesis and solid-state characterization
Authors: Zerrouki Abdelkhalek , Nicolaï Béatrice , Taleb Mustapha , Legrand François-Xavier , Guiblin Nicolas , Bahari Zahra , Kadiri Sghir El
Published: August 2023

1,3-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)hexahydropyrimidine were readily prepared by cyclocondensation of propane-1,3-diamine with a mixture of (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methanol and formaldehyde. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data of this ligand have been fully assigned and are consistent with the molecular structure. The crystalline structure of the compound was fully determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 150K and at room temperature, together with the isobaric thermal expansion. Finally, during the first heating, DSC measurements showed no phase transition up to the melting temperature at 385.1 K (111.9°C).
Dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes at the interface of human-livestock-wildlife ecosystem in Kilosa District, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Authors: Machelle Ines Sebastian , Msolla Michael Jackson , Ngingo Baraka Laurian , Mwanyika Gaspary , Makange Mariam , Misinzo Gerald
Published: August 2023

Background
Arboviruses are an important cause of human and animal diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine mosquito abundance and screen for the presence of dengue virus in Aedes mosquitoes at the interface of human-livestock-wildlife ecosystem in Kilosa district, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, adult mosquitoes were collected outdoors using propane-powered Mosquito Magnet® Liberty Plus traps. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted on pooled adult Aedes mosquitoes to screen for the presence of dengue (DENV). Nucleotide partial sequencing of the structural polyprotein region of DENV was done to confirm and characterize DENV virus using Sanger sequencing.
Results
A total of 1,340 mosquitoes belonging to four genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Mansonia) were collected. Aedes aegypti accounted for the majority of collected mosquito species (46.0%; n = 613). Thirty-six pools of female Ae. aegypti were screened for the presence of selected arboviruses using RT-PCR. Dengue virus was detected in 3% (1/36) of the tested Aedes mosquito pools. Nucleotide partial sequencing of the structural polyprotein region of DENV followed by phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain (Accession no. MW133786) clustered with DENV-3 strains previously reported in China and Kenya.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that Ae. aegypti was the most abundant mosquito species at the interface of human-livestock-wildlife ecosystem in Kilosa district, Tanzania and DENV was detected in tested Aedes mosquitoes which signifies that local transmission of DENV may be taking place. This indicates that the human population in the area is at risk of acquiring dengue infection.
Clinical Predictors of Germline DNA Damage Repair Gene Mutations in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yip Steven , Sunderland Katherine , Ledet Elisa , Beigi Arshia , Angeles Arkhjamil , Khalaf Daniel , Sabol Rachel , Warner Evan , Schrader Intan , Sun Sophie , Vandekerkhove Gillian , Annala Matti , Wyatt Alexander , Sartor Oliver , Chi kim
Published: August 2023

Background: There is a need to identify patients with advanced prostate cancer harboring an inherited mutation in selected DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, as there are prognostic, treatment, and familial risk implications. We aimed to develop a model to predict an individual risk of harbouring a germline DDR gene mutation in patients with metastatic and/or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) disease.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed on 499 patients with metastatic and/or CRPC, who were tested for germline DDR gene mutations. Clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between patients with and without a germline DDR mutation. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to develop a prediction model, which was internally validated using a bootstrapping method.
Results: Eight predictors (age at diagnosis, time to CRPC, Gleason score, intraductal/cribriform histology, family history, visceral, bone, and lymph node metastases) were included in a logistic model to predict the probability of a germline DDR mutation. A formula to calculate an individual patient’s mutation risk is provided. Two optimal risk cut-offs were explored.
Conclusion: We provide a predictive model of germline DDR gene mutation status in patients with metastatic and/or CRPC, using eight clinical-pathologic parameters. Predictive models such as this could be used to estimate a patient’s risk of harbouring a germline DDR mutation to determine prioritization for germline testing.
Palliative Care Research Utilising Intersectionality: A scoping review
Authors: Butler Helen , Gott Merryn , Prebble Kate , Fortune Sarah , Robinson Jacqueline
Published: August 2023

Background Access to palliative care is recognised as a human right, yet clear disparities exist. There have been recent appeals to examine people’s contexts and interactions with social systems which for many, adversely influence their utilisation of palliative care. Intersectionality provides a way to understand these drivers of inequity and ultimately advocate for change. Aim To identify and describe published studies utilising intersectionality in relation to need, access and experience of palliative care. Design: A scoping review. Data sources: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases and a manual search were undertaken for studies published up to January 2023. Included studies were evidence based articles where palliative or end of life care was the focus and intersectionality was identified and/or applied to the research that was undertaken. Results Ten published studies were included. An analytic framework was developed to identify the extent that intersectionality was utilised in each study. Conclusions Very limited research to date has utilised intersectionality to understand access, utilisation and experience of palliative care. This scoping review demonstrates intersectionality can provide a way to illuminate rich understandings of inequity in palliative care. It is imperative that future palliative research incorporates an intersectionality focus to further clarify the needs and experiences of structurally marginalised groups.
Explicit Definitions for the Electromagnetic Energies in Electromagnetic Radiation and Mutual Coupling
Authors: Xiao Gaobiao , Liu Rui
Published: August 2023

In the proposed theory, the total electromagnetic energy of a radiator is separated into three parts: a Coulomb-velocity energy, a radiative energy, and a macroscopic Schott energy. The Coulomb-velocity energy is attached to the sources. It becomes zero as soon as its sources have disappeared. The radiative energy leaves the radiator and propagates to the surrounding space. The macroscopic Schott energy continues to exist for a short time after the sources have disappeared, performing like the Schott energy in the charged particle theory. The Poynting vector describes the total power flux density related to the total electromagnetic energy and should include a real radiative power flow by the radiative energy and a pseudo power flow caused by the fluctuation of the reactive energy. The energies involved in the electromagnetic mutual coupling are separated in a similar way. All energies are defined with explicit expressions in which the vector potential plays an important role. The time domain formulation and the frequency domain formulation of the theory are in consistent with each other. The theory is verified with Hertzian dipole. Numerical examples demonstrate that the theory may provide intuitive interpretation for electromagnetic radiation and mutual coupling problems.
Efficacy and safety of XELOX combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy verus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Bu Shanshan , Wang Siyi , Ting Wang , Zhang Zhandong , Shang Chuang , Tang Xiance , Ge Hong , Di Na , Wang Xiushen
Published: August 2023

Objective
The work aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of XELOX regimen combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (CRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced gastric cancer.
Methods
The clinical data of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer were retrospectively included. They underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection in our center from January 2019 to December 2020. We compared the postoperative pathology, adverse reactions and DFS and OS after XELOX regimen combined with CRT and RT. Inverse probability weighting was used as the statistical method to deal with confounding factors.
Results
369 people (90.2%) were included in the CT group and 40 people (9.8%) were in the CRT group. The negative conversion rate was 38.1% in tumor marker CEA-positive patients in the CRT group after neoadjuvant therapy. It was significantly higher than 11.8% of the CT group (P < 0.001). The rate of PCR in the RT group was 15.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the CT group (4.7%) (P = 0.017). The ypN0 rate was significantly higher the CRT group (60.3%) than that in the CT group (39.8%) (P = 0.024). The CRT group was 100%, and the CT group was 96.5% (P = 0.001) after the R0 resection rate was weighted by inverse probability. No statistically significant difference existed in nerve invasion, vascular tumor embolus, and peritoneal invasion between the two groups. The median follow-up time of the whole group was 25.1 months. The DFS and OS of the CRT group were significantly higher than those of the CT group (P < 0.001) after weighting by IPTW. No significant difference existed between the CRT group and the CT group in adverse reactions, postoperative complications and average hospitalization time.
Conclusion
XELOX regimen combined with CRT had good downstaging effects. It showed better short-term pathological curative effects and survival benefits after surgery compared with CT. The surgical safety was equivalent between the two groups.
Early Prediction of COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization at the Time of CDC Contact Tracing using Machine Learning: Towards Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Liang Chen , Lyu Tianchu , Weissman Sharon , Daering Nick , Olatosi Bankole , Hikmet Neset , Li Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

Objective: To develop and validate machine learning models for predicting COVID-19 related hospitalization as early as CDC contact tracing using integrated CDC contact tracing and South Carolina medical claims data. Methods: Using the dataset (n=82,073, 1/1/2018 - 3/1/2020), we identified 3,305 patients with COVID-19 and were captured by contact tracing. We developed and validated machine learning models (i.e., support vector machine, random forest, XGboost), followed by multi-level validations and pilot statewide implementation. Results: Using 10-cross validation, random forest outperformed other models (F1=0.872 for general hospitalization and 0.763 for COVID-19 related hospitalization), followed by XGBoost (F1=0.845 and 0.682) and support vector machine (F1=0.845 and 0.644). We identified new self-reported symptoms from contact tracing (e.g., fatigue, congestion, headache, loss of taste) that are highly predictive of hospitalization. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of identifying individuals at risk of hospitalization at the time of contact tracing for early intervention and prevention. Policy implications: Our findings demonstrate existing promise for leveraging CDC contact tracing for establishing a cost-effective statewide surveillance and generalizability for nationwide adoption for enhancing pandemic preparedness in the US.
Landscape of Immune Cell Infiltration and Inflammatory Response-related Gene Signature in Breast Cancer: an Experimental Validation Study
Authors: Luo Jiayue , Li Mengyi , Yang Weibang , Cai Xiaoqing , Chen Zijun , Liu Jie , Lai Guie
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The underlying role of inflammatory response-related genes (IRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the correlations of IRGs with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in BC patients.
Methods
IRGs expression profiling were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, N = 993) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, N = 3,256) database. Independent prognostic IRGs were identified via Lasso-Cox regression analyses and used to established a predictive model. Thus, time-dependent receiver operating curve (ROC), calibration curve, decision curve, subgroup analysis, drug sensitivity and immune microenvironment analysis were executed to assess the performance of nomogram.
Results
Three IRGs (CCR7, NFKBIA, and KCNMB2) were identified as prognostic independent predictors of BC and were used to build an inflammation-score. Then, the cluster1 and cluster 2 subtypes were determined by consensus clustering for these three IRGs. Cluster 2 had better overall survival, and higher CD8 T cell infiltration but lower M2 macrophage levels than cluster 1. Subsequently, an IRGs-based nomogram was constructed using the inflammation-score, clinical TNM stage, age, and tumor subtype. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited aggressive clinicopathological features and suffered poor overall survival. Patient in the high-risk groups exhibited lower expression levels of immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1, lower immune scores, higher infiltration of M2 macrophages, and lower chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Besides, the expression of the three IRGs were validated using IHC experiment.
Conclusion
The IRGs-based nomogram might open up new horizons in the understanding of TME and provide therapeutic strategies for precision therapy.
Heisenberg Spin Exchange Between Nitroxide Probes Diffusing in a Percolation Network
Authors: Lawton Jamie S. , Budil David E.
Published: August 2023

Heisenberg spin exchange (HSE) between nitroxide (Tempone) spin probes has been measured as a function of concentration in the aqueous phase of the hydrated ion exchange membrane Nafion 117. The observed fast-motional electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were analyzed in terms of the perturbation expressions given by Bales and Peric based on the earlier monograph of Molin et al., as well as by the full stochastic Liouville equation lineshape calculation of Freed and coworkers. Differences between the methods for determining HSE from the spectrum are presented and discussed. In acidic Nafion membranes, the spin probes are deactivated over time, allowing simultaneous measurement of the decay kinetics and HSE as a function of paramagnetic probe concentration. Both processes deviate from the behavior that would be expected based on classical diffusion and chemical kinetics in isotropic media. The results are discussed in terms of currently available models for diffusion and reaction in a percolation network.
Protective role of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury
Authors: Igarashi-Hisayoshi Yoko , Ihara Eikichi , Bai Xiaopeng , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ogino Haruei , Chinen Takatoshi , Taguchi Yasushi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: August 2023

Background
EP4 prostanoid receptor (EP4R) contributes to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and inhibition of prostaglandin E (PGE) production by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plays a central role in NSAID-induced enteropathy. However, given that M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R)-selective agents are unavailable, how M3R regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier function remains unclear. The present study explored how M3R is involved in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier function and its pathophysiological role in NSAID-induced enteropathy.
Methods
Using the novel highly-selective M3 positive allosteric modulator PAM-369 that we recently developed, we evaluated the role of M3R in the intestinal epithelial barrier function ex vivo by measuring the short circuit current (Isc) of intestinal epithelium with a Ussing chamber system and examined whether or not M3R protects against small intestinal injury in indomethacin-treated mice.
Results
Both the PGE1 derivative misoprostol and carbachol similarly increased the Isc in a concentration-dependent manner. The Isc increases were abolished either by receptor antagonists (an EP4R antagonist and a M3R antagonist, respectively) or by removal of extracellular Cl−. PAM-369 increased the Isc by potentiating M3R, which could contribute to enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function. Treatment with PAM-369 ameliorated small intestinal injury in indomethacin-treated mice. Importantly, the M3R expression was significantly up-regulated, and PAM-369 potentiation of M3R was augmented in indomethacin-treated mice compared to untreated mice.
Conclusions
These findings show that M3R plays a role in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier function. M3R is a promising target for treating or preventing NSAID-induced enteropathy.
Rural English Teaching Methods and Improvements along with Hurdles in Bangladesh and China
Authors: Yazhou Li , Zhang Wenzheng , Kajal Zahirul Alam , Ahmod Ujjal
Published: August 2023

This paper attempts to recognize the variables that impede carrying out Informative Language Educating (ELTIP) in the optional schools in rustic Bangladesh and China. This article takes a subjectives approach, and it is done in four provincial schools in Banskhali and Shangaii, which is arranged in Chittagong locale in Bangladesh and China. In order to collect data regarding the difficulties associated with implementing ELTIP in their respective institutions, eight secondary English language teachers were interviewed. The findings point to a number of obstacles, including: shortage of qualified teachers, unusually large class sizes, lack of cutting-edge classroom materials, etc. The findings of this study may have an impact on language policymakers and practitioners in terms of how ELTIP practices in rural Bangladesh and China can be improved.