bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding filamentary growth and rupture by Ag ion migration through single-crystalline 2D layered CrPS4
Authors: Lee Mi Jung , Kim Sung-Hoon , Lee Sangik , Yoon Chansoo , Min Kyung-Ah , Choi Hyunsoo , Hong Suklyun , Lee Sungmin , Park Je-Geun , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Park Bae Ho
Published: December 2020

Memristive electrochemical metallization (ECM) devices based on cation migration and electrochemical metallization in solid electrolytes are considered promising for neuromorphic computing systems. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are emerging as potential candidates for electrolytes in reliable ECM devices due to their two-dimensionally confined material properties. However, electrochemical metallization within a single-crystalline 2D layered material has not yet been verified. Here, we use transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to investigate the resistive switching mechanism of an ECM device containing a single-crystalline 2D layered CrPS4electrolyte. We observe the various conductive filament (CF) configurations induced by an applied voltage in an Ag/CrPS4/Au device in the initial/low-resistance/high-resistance/breakdown states. These observations provide concrete experimental evidence that CFs consisting of Ag metal can be formed inside single-crystalline 2D layered CrPS4and that their configuration can be changed by an applied voltage. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the sulfur vacancies in single-crystalline CrPS4can facilitate Ag ion migration from the active electrode layer. The electrically induced changes in Ag CFs inside single-crystalline 2D layered CrPS4raise the possibility of a reliable ECM device that exploits the properties of two-dimensionally confined materials.
Single-cell atlas of the first intra-mammalian developmental stage of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Diaz Soria Carmen Lidia , Lee Jayhun , Chong Tracy , Coghlan Avril , Tracey Alan , Young Matthew D. , Andrews Tallulah , Hall Christopher , Ng Bee Ling , Rawlinson Kate , Doyle Stephen R. , Leonard Steven , Lu Zhigang , Bennett Hayley M. , Rinaldi Gabriel , Newmark Phillip A. , Berriman Matthew
Published: December 2020

Over 250 million people suffer from schistosomiasis, a tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes. Humans become infected by free-swimming, water-borne larvae, which penetrate the skin. The earliest intra-mammalian stage, called the schistosomulum, undergoes a series of developmental transitions. These changes are critical for the parasite to adapt to its new environment as it navigates through host tissues to reach its niche, where it will grow to reproductive maturity. Unravelling the mechanisms that drive intra-mammalian development requires knowledge of the spatial organisation and transcriptional dynamics of different cell types that comprise the schistomulum body. To fill these important knowledge gaps, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on two-day old schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. We identify likely gene expression profiles for muscle, nervous system, tegument, oesophageal gland, parenchymal/primordial gut cells, and stem cells. In addition, we validate cell markers for all these clusters by in situ hybridisation in schistosomula and adult parasites. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive cell-type atlas for the early intra-mammalian stage of this devastating metazoan parasite.
Molecular basis for RNA polymerase-dependent transcription complex recycling by the helicase-like motor protein HelD
Authors: Newing Timothy P. , Oakley Aaron J. , Miller Michael , Dawson Catherine J. , Brown Simon H. J. , Bouwer James C. , Tolun Gökhan , Lewis Peter J.
Published: December 2020

In bacteria, transcription complexes stalled on DNA represent a major source of roadblocks for the DNA replication machinery that must be removed in order to prevent damaging collisions. Gram-positive bacteria contain a transcription factor HelD that is able to remove and recycle stalled complexes, but it was not known how it performed this function. Here, using single particle cryo-electron microscopy, we have determined the structures of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongation and HelD complexes, enabling analysis of the conformational changes that occur in RNAP driven by HelD interaction. HelD has a 2-armed structure which penetrates deep into the primary and secondary channels of RNA polymerase. One arm removes nucleic acids from the active site, and the other induces a large conformational change in the primary channel leading to removal and recycling of the stalled polymerase, representing a novel mechanism for recycling transcription complexes in bacteria.
Mycobacterial HelD is a nucleic acids-clearing factor for RNA polymerase
Authors: Kouba Tomáš , Koval’ Tomáš , Sudzinová Petra , Pospíšil Jiří , Brezovská Barbora , Hnilicová Jarmila , Šanderová Hana , Janoušková Martina , Šiková Michaela , Halada Petr , Sýkora Michal , Barvík Ivan , Nováček Jiří , Trundová Mária , Dušková Jarmila , Skálová Tereza , Chon URee , Murakami Katsuhiko S. , Dohnálek Jan , Krásný Libor
Published: December 2020

RNA synthesis is central to life, and RNA polymerase (RNAP) depends on accessory factors for recovery from stalled states and adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which a helicase-like factor HelD recycles RNAP. We report a cryo-EM structure of a complex between the Mycobacterium smegmatis RNAP and HelD. The crescent-shaped HelD simultaneously penetrates deep into two RNAP channels that are responsible for nucleic acids binding and substrate delivery to the active site, thereby locking RNAP in an inactive state. We show that HelD prevents non-specific interactions between RNAP and DNA and dissociates stalled transcription elongation complexes. The liberated RNAP can either stay dormant, sequestered by HelD, or upon HelD release, restart transcription. Our results provide insights into the architecture and regulation of the highly medically-relevant mycobacterial transcription machinery and define HelD as a clearing factor that releases RNAP from nonfunctional complexes with nucleic acids.
The δ subunit and NTPase HelD institute a two-pronged mechanism for RNA polymerase recycling
Authors: Pei Hao-Hong , Hilal Tarek , Chen Zhuo A. , Huang Yong-Heng , Gao Yuan , Said Nelly , Loll Bernhard , Rappsilber Juri , Belogurov Georgiy A. , Artsimovitch Irina , Wahl Markus C.
Published: December 2020

Cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) can become trapped on DNA or RNA, threatening genome stability and limiting free enzyme pools, but how RNAP recycling into active states is achieved remains elusive. In Bacillus subtilis, the RNAP δ subunit and NTPase HelD have been implicated in RNAP recycling. We structurally analyzed Bacillus subtilis RNAP-δ-HelD complexes. HelD has two long arms: a Gre cleavage factor-like coiled-coil inserts deep into the RNAP secondary channel, dismantling the active site and displacing RNA, while a unique helical protrusion inserts into the main channel, prying the β and β′ subunits apart and, aided by δ, dislodging DNA. RNAP is recycled when, after releasing trapped nucleic acids, HelD dissociates from the enzyme in an ATP-dependent manner. HelD abundance during slow growth and a dimeric (RNAP-δ-HelD)2 structure that resembles hibernating eukaryotic RNAP I suggest that HelD might also modulate active enzyme pools in response to cellular cues.
Publisher Correction: Global hotspots for the occurrence of compound events
Authors: Ridder Nina N. , Pitman Andy J. , Westra Seth , Ukkola Anna , Do Hong X. , Bador Margot , Hirsch Annette L. , Evans Jason P. , Di Luca Alejandro , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: December 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20502-8.
Perceptual uncertainty and action consequences independently affect hand movements in a virtual environment
Authors: Giesel Martin , Nowakowska Anna , Harris Julie M. , Hesse Constanze
Published: December 2020

When we use virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) environments to investigate behaviour or train motor skills, we expect that the insights or skills acquired in VR/AR transfer to real-world settings. Motor behaviour is strongly influenced by perceptual uncertainty and the expected consequences of actions. VR/AR differ in both of these aspects from natural environments. Perceptual information in VR/AR is less reliable than in natural environments, and the knowledge of acting in a virtual environment might modulate our expectations of action consequences. Using mirror reflections to create a virtual environment free of perceptual artefacts, we show that hand movements in an obstacle avoidance task systematically differed between real and virtual obstacles and that these behavioural differences occurred independent of the quality of the available perceptual information. This suggests that even when perceptual correspondence between natural and virtual environments is achieved, action correspondence does not necessarily follow due to the disparity in the expected consequences of actions in the two environments.
3D infrared thermospectroscopic imaging
Authors: Aouali A. , Chevalier S. , Sommier A. , Abisset-Chavanne E. , Batsale J.-C. , Pradere C.
Published: December 2020

This work reports a multispectral tomography technique in transmission mode (called 3DITI for 3D Infrared Thermospectroscopic Imaging) based on a middle wavelength infrared (MWIR) focal plane array. This technique relies on an MWIR camera (1.5 to 5.5 μm) used in combination with a multispectral IR monochromator (400 nm to 20 μm), and a sample mounted on a rotary stage for the measurement of its transmittance at several angular positions. Based on the projections expressed in terms of a sinogram, spatial three-dimensional (3D) cubes (proper emission and absorptivity) are reconstructed using a back-projection method based on inverse Radon transform. As a validation case, IR absorptivity tomography of a reflective metallic screw is performed within a very short time, i.e., shorter than 1 min, to monitor 72 angular positions of the sample. Then, the absorptivity and proper emission tomographies of a butane-propane-air burner flame and microfluidic perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing filled with water and ethanol are obtained. These unique data evidence that 3D thermo-chemical information in complex semi-transparent media can be obtained using the proposed 3DITI method. Moreover, this measurement technique presents new problems in the acquisition, storage and processing of big data. In fact, the quantity of reconstructed data can reach several TB (a tomographic sample cube of 1.5 × 1.5 × 3 cm3 is composed of more than 1 million pixels per wavelength).
Prolonged administration of maraviroc reactivates latent HIV in vivo but it does not prevent antiretroviral-free viral rebound
Authors: López-Huertas María Rosa , Gutiérrez Carolina , Madrid-Elena Nadia , Hernández-Novoa Beatriz , Olalla-Sierra Julián , Plana Montserrat , Delgado Rafael , Rubio Rafael , Muñoz-Fernández María Ángeles , Moreno Santiago
Published: December 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains incurable due to latent viral reservoirs established in non-activated CD4 T cells that cannot be eliminated via antiretroviral therapy. Current efforts to cure HIV are focused on identifying drugs that will induce viral gene expression in latently infected cells, commonly known as latency reversing agents (LRAs). Some drugs have been shown to reactivate latent HIV but do not cause a reduction in reservoir size. Therefore, finding new LRAs or new combinations or increasing the round of stimulations is needed to cure HIV. However, the effects of these drugs on viral rebound after prolonged treatment have not been evaluated. In a previous clinical trial, antiretroviral therapy intensification with maraviroc for 48 weeks caused an increase in residual viremia and episomal two LTR-DNA circles suggesting that maraviroc could reactivate latent HIV. We amended the initial clinical trial to explore additional virologic parameters in stored samples and to evaluate the time to viral rebound during analytical treatment interruption in three patients. Maraviroc induced an increase in cell-associated HIV RNA during the administration of the drug. However, there was a rapid rebound of viremia after antiretroviral therapy discontinuation. HIV-specific T cell response was slightly enhanced. These results show that maraviroc can reactivate latent HIV in vivo but further studies are required to efficiently reduce the reservoir size.
Insular responses to transient painful and non-painful thermal and mechanical spinothalamic stimuli recorded using intracerebral EEG
Authors: Liberati Giulia , Mulders Dounia , Algoet Maxime , van den Broeke Emanuel N. , Santos Susana Ferrao , Ribeiro Vaz José Géraldo , Raftopoulos Christian , Mouraux André
Published: December 2020

Brief thermo-nociceptive stimuli elicit low-frequency phase-locked local field potentials (LFPs) and high-frequency gamma-band oscillations (GBOs) in the human insula. Although neither of these responses constitute a direct correlate of pain perception, previous findings suggest that insular GBOs may be strongly related to the activation of the spinothalamic system and/or to the processing of thermal information. To disentangle these different features of the stimulation, we compared the insular responses to brief painful thermonociceptive stimuli, non-painful cool stimuli, mechano-nociceptive stimuli, and innocuous vibrotactile stimuli, recorded using intracerebral electroencephalograpic activity in 7 epileptic patients (9 depth electrodes, 58 insular contacts). All four types of stimuli elicited consistent low-frequency phase-locked LFPs throughout the insula, possibly reflecting supramodal activity. The latencies of thermo-nociceptive and cool low-frequency phase-locked LFPs were shorter in the posterior insula compared to the anterior insula, suggesting a similar processing of thermal input initiating in the posterior insula, regardless of whether the input produces pain and regardless of thermal modality. In contrast, only thermo-nociceptive stimuli elicited an enhancement of insular GBOs, suggesting that these activities are not simply related to the activation of the spinothalamic system or to the conveyance of thermal information.
Usefulness of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in early diagnosis of airway complications after lung transplantation
Authors: Mendogni Paolo , Carrinola Rosaria , Gherzi Lorenzo , Tosi Davide , Palleschi Alessandro , Righi Ilaria , Damarco Francesco , Morlacchi Letizia Corinna , Bonitta Gianluca , Vaira Valentina , Nosotti Mario , Rosso Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

Despite the promising results achieved so far in long-term survival after lung transplantation (LuTx), airway complications (ACs) still arise in the post-operative period. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of ACs play a critical role in preventing their onset. Specifically, large bronchi ischemia has been recognized as a triggering factor for ACs. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy, which was first introduced for early cancer diagnosis, displays ischemic mucosae as red spots, while normal vascularized mucosae appear in green. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a significant correlation exists between ACs and the red/green (RG) ratio detected on scheduled autofluorescence bronchoscopy up to 1 year after LuTx. This prospective, observational, single-center cohort study initially considered patients who underwent LuTx between July 2014 and February 2016. All patients underwent concomitant white-light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy at baseline (immediately after LuTx), on POD7, POD14, POD21, POD28, POD45, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after LuTx. An autofluorescence image of the first bronchial carina distal to the anastomosis was captured and analyzed using histograms for red and green pixels; the R/G ratio was then recorded. Potential ACs were classified according according to the presence of a white-light following the MDS (macroscopic aspect, diameter and suture) criteria. The authors assessed the association between the R/G ratio and the ACs occurrence using a generalized estimating equations model. Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria and were therefore selected. Out of a total of 53 bronchial anastomoses, 8 developed complications (late bronchial stenosis), with an average onset time of 201 days after LuTx. ACs showed a similar baseline covariate value when compared to anastomoses that involved no complication. Generalized estimating equations regression indicated a clear association over time between the R/G ratio and the rise of complications (p = 0.023). The authors observed a significant correlation between post-anastomotic stenosis and the delayed decrease of the R/G ratio. Preliminary outcomes suggest that autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be an effective and manageable diagnostic tool, proving complementary to other instruments for early diagnosis of ACs after LuTx. Further research is needed to confirm and detail preliminary findings.
Leaf angle distribution in Johnsongrass, leaf thickness in sorghum and Johnsongrass, and association with response to Colletotrichum sublineola
Authors: Ahn Ezekiel , Odvody Gary , Prom Louis K. , Magill Clint
Published: December 2020

Basal leaf angle distribution was surveyed in twenty-one Johnsongrass cultivars near the end of the vegetative stage. The angles increased from the top to the bottom leaves, and compared to cultivated grain sorghums, the average angle was larger in Johnsongrass. When basal leaf angle distribution data were correlated with pathogenicity test data from excised-leaf assays for three isolates of Colletotrichum sublineola, the results showed a weak positive correlation between basal leaf angle and pathogenicity level in Johnsongrass. In order to investigate a protective role of leaf thickness to C. sublineola, leaf thickness was measured in three sorghum cultivars and one Johnsongrass cultivar at the 8-leaf-stage. Leaf thickness near the apex, near the base, and half-way between the two points were measured in the top four leaves of each plant. Thickness of leaf blade and midrib were recorded separately. Using an excised-leaf-assay, the three points were inoculated with C. sublineola, and pathogenicity level was recorded 4-days-post-inoculation. Results showed strong negative correlations between leaf midrib thickness and pathogenicity level in sorghum and Johnsongrass but not in leaf blades.
Ecological responses to flow variation inform river dolphin conservation
Authors: Paudel Shambhu , Koprowski John L. , Thakuri Usha , Sigdel Rajesh , Gautam Ram Chandra
Published: December 2020

Many environmental flow (e-flow) studies and applications have predominantly used state—(i.e., at a single time point) and rate—(i.e., temporal change) based demographic characteristics of species representing lower trophic levels (e.g., fish communities) to build flow-ecology relationships, rather than using a process that incorporates population dynamics. Recent studies have revealed the importance of incorporating data on species traits when building flow-ecology relationships. The effects of flow on keystone megafauna species (i.e., body mass ≥ 30 kg) reverberate through entire food webs; however, the relationships between flow and these species are not well understood, limiting the scope of the relationships used in flow management. Here, we fill this gap by incorporating the habitat selection traits at different flows of a freshwater apex predator, Ganges River dolphin (GRD, Platanista gangetica gangetica), which plays a significant role in maintaining the structure, functions and integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. Using temporally and spatially measured GRD habitat selection traits, we quantified flow-ecology responses in the Karnali River of Nepal during the low-flow season when habitat was heavily reduced and water demand was highest. We define ecological responses as suitable habitat templates with enough usable surface area to support GRD fitness by improving reproduction and survival. We measured the available and occupied habitats to develop flow-ecology responses. Variation in flow resulted in substantial differences in the ecological response across time and space, suggesting that aquatic species adjusted in a variety of habitats to support their life histories and maintain viable populations. The limited availability of suitable habitats combined with uninformed water regulations by humans likely places GRDs under severe physiological stress during low-water seasons (i.e., January–April), suggesting that  reduced flows contribute to the process of endangering and extirpating highly sensitive endemic aquatic biodiversity. Our study reveals that ad hoc or experience-based flow management is no longer tenable to maintain the integrity and functionality of aquatic ecosystems. We stress that quantifying the flow-ecology relationships of foundational species, particularly megafauna, in response to flow variation is crucial for monitoring the effects of water alterations and determining the minimum flows needed for maintaining healthy and functional freshwater ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
Author Correction: Detection of urinary podocytes by flow cytometry in idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Mella Alberto , Deambrosis Ilaria , Mingozzi Silvia , Colla Loredana , Burdese Manuel , Giaretta Fulvia , Bruno Stefania , Camussi Giovanni , Boaglio Elena , Dolla Caterina , Clari Roberta , Biancone Luigi
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Soil microbiomes mediate degradation of vinyl ester-based polymer composites
Authors: Breister Adam M. , Imam Muhammad A. , Zhou Zhichao , Ahsan Md Ariful , Noveron Juan C. , Anantharaman Karthik , Prabhakar Pavana
Published: December 2020

Polymer composites are attractive for structural applications in the built environment due to their lightweight and high strength properties but suffer from degradation due to environmental factors. While abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light are well studied, little is known about the impacts of naturally occurring microbial communities on their structural integrity. Here we apply complementary time-series multi-omics of biofilms growing on polymer composites and materials characterization to elucidate the processes driving their degradation. We measured a reduction in mechanical properties due to biologically driven molecular chain breakage of esters and reconstructed 121 microbial genomes to describe microbial diversity and pathways associated with polymer composite degradation. The polymer composite microbiome is dominated by four bacterial groups including the Candidate Phyla Radiation that possess pathways for breakdown of acrylate, esters, and bisphenol, abundant in composites. We provide a foundation for understanding interactions of next-generation structural materials with their natural environment that can predict their durability and drive future designs.
Colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for cost-effective and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2: the change in color in LAMP-based assays quantitatively correlates with viral copy number
Authors: González-González Everardo , Lara-Mayorga Itzel Montserrat , Rodríguez-Sánchez Iram Pablo , Zhang Yu Shrike , Martínez-Chapa Sergio O. , Santiago Grissel Trujillo-de , Alvarez Mario Moisés
Published: December 2020

Colorimetric LAMP for COVID-19 intensified diagnostics: a simple and quantitative method comparable in diagnostic performance to RT-qPCR.
A molecularly imprinted polymer-based potentiometric sensor based on covalent recognition for the determination of dopamine
Authors: Wang Chan , Qi Longbin , Liang Rongning
Published: December 2020

For the first time, an MIP potentiometric sensor based covalent recognition for the determination of protonated dopamine is described.
Quantitative proteomics of epigenetic histone modifications in MCF-7 cells under estradiol stimulation
Authors: Hu Yechen , Jiang Hao , Zhao Baofeng , Yang Kaiguang , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: December 2020

SILAC-based quantitative proteomics strategy deciphers the mechanism of epigenetic regulation for breast cancer cell under estradiol stimulation.
Density functional theory study of thiophene desulfurization and conversion of desulfurization products on the Ni(111) surface and Ni55cluster: implication for the mechanism of reactive adsorption desulfurization over Ni/ZnO catalysts
Authors: Zhu Houyu , Li Xin , Shi Naiyou , Ding Xuefei , Yu Zehua , Zhao Wen , Ren Hao , Pan Yuan , Liu Yunqi , Guo Wenyue
Published: December 2020

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study thiophene desulfurization and conversion of desulfurization products on the Ni(111) surface and Ni55cluster.
Electropolymerized metal-protoporphyrin electrodes for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Yasri Nael G. , Al-Attas Tareq A. , Hu Jinguang , Kibria Md Golam
Published: December 2020

Developing catalysts that exhibit high efficiencies for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in aqueous media is vital both for a healthier environment and practical implementation to produce value-added fuels from energy waste.
Ethanol conversion over Ga2O3–ZrO2solid solution: empirical evidence of the reaction pathway, the surface acid–base properties, and the role of gallium ions
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Kurimoto Akihito , Sato Riona , Katada Shoki , Mine Hirotaka , Tanima Naoto , Kamata Ryota
Published: December 2020

The reaction pathway of ethanol conversion to acetone/isobutene over Ga2O3–ZrO2solid solution was investigated. Acetaldehyde formation is promoted at the atomically dispersed Ga3+species due to its dehydrogenation capability rather than solid basicity of a catalyst.
Heterojunction-redox catalysts of FexCoyMg10CaO for high-temperature CO2 capture and in situ conversion in the context of green manufacturing
Authors: Shao Bin , Hu Guihua , Alkebsi Khalil A. M. , Ye Guanghua , Lin Xiaoqing , Du Wenli , Hu Jun , Wang Meihong , Liu Honglai , Qian Feng
Published: December 2020

A heterojunction-redox catalysis strategy is proposed for fabricating a dual-functional catalyst/adsorbent to realize integration of high-temperature CO2 capture and in situ conversion.
Correction: Deep-LUMEN assay – human lung epithelial spheroid classification from brightfield images using deep learning
Authors: Abdul Lyan , Rajasekar Shravanthi , Lin Dawn S. Y. , Venkatasubramania Raja Sibi , Sotra Alexander , Feng Yuhang , Liu Amy , Zhang Boyang
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘Deep-LUMEN assay – human lung epithelial spheroid classification from brightfield images using deep learning’ by Lyan Abdul et al., Lab Chip, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01010c.
Soap film inspired mechanical metamaterials approaching theoretical bound of stiffness across full density range
Authors: Deng Biwei , Cheng Gary J.
Published: December 2020

Structural mechanical metamaterials, with their mass-efficient architectures and unprecedented mechanical properties, are in critical demand for high-performance applications.
Recent progress of microwave absorption microspheres by magnetic–dielectric synergy
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Xiao , Shi Xiaofeng , Huang Mengqiu , Li Xiaohui , Zeng Qingwen , Che Renchao
Published: December 2020

Designing and developing high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials for electromagnetic protection and radar detection have received widespread attention.
Chiral surface plasmon-enhanced chiral spectroscopy: principles and applications
Authors: Mu Xijiao , Hu Li , Cheng Yuqing , Fang Yurui , Sun Mengtao
Published: December 2020

In this review, the development context and scientific research results of chiral surface plasmons (SPs) in recent years are classified and described in detail.
How did correlative atomic force microscopy and super-resolution microscopy evolve in the quest for unravelling enigmas in biology?
Authors: Miranda Adelaide , Gómez-Varela Ana I. , Stylianou Andreas , Hirvonen Liisa M. , Sánchez Humberto , De Beule Pieter A. A.
Published: December 2020

This review provides a detailed picture of the innovative efforts to combine atomic force microscopy and different super-resolution microscopy techniques to elucidate biological questions.
Transition-metal single atoms embedded into defective BC3as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Gao Guoping , Chu Wei , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: December 2020

The best catalyst for OER is Co@VBwithηOERof 0.43 V followed by Ni@VCwithηOER= 0.47 V. For the ORR process, the best catalyst is Rh@VBwithηORRof 0.40 V followed by Pd@VBand Pd@VC(ηORR= 0.45 V).
Single molecule electronic devices with carbon-based materials: status and opportunity
Authors: Ghasemi Shima , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: December 2020

The field of single molecule electronics has progressed remarkably in the past decades by allowing for more versatile molecular functions and improving device fabrication techniques.
High energy density hybrid supercapacitor based on cobalt-doped nickel sulfide flower-like hierarchitectures deposited with nitrogen-doped carbon dots
Authors: Ji Zhenyuan , Liu Kai , Dai Wenyao , Ma Dongwei , Zhang Hongyan , Shen Xiaoping , Zhu Guoxing , Wu Shikui
Published: December 2020

A hybrid supercapacitor with decent energy density and cycling stability was constructed by using Co-NiS/NCDs flower-like hierarchitectures and PPD/rGO nanosheets as cathode and anode, respectively.
Interfacial sites in platinum−hydroxide−cobalt hybrid nanostructures for promoting CO oxidation activity
Authors: He Wenxue , Huang Li , Liu Chengyong , Wang Siyu , Long Zhixin , Hu Fengchun , Sun Zhihu
Published: December 2020

This work demonstrates the promotional effect of Pt–OH–Co interfacial sites in hybrid nanostructures towards CO catalytic oxidation.
Investigating the influence of block copolymer micelle length on cellular uptake and penetration in a multicellular tumor spheroid model
Authors: Yu Qing , Roberts Megan G. , Houdaihed Loujin , Liu Yang , Ho Kuan , Walker Gilbert , Allen Christine , Reilly Raymond M. , Manners Ian , Winnik Mitchell A.
Published: December 2020

The efficient penetration of drug nanocarriers into tumors is an important prerequisite for therapeutic and diagnostic success.
Unusual temperature-sensitive protonation behaviour of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
Authors: Genaev Alexander M. , Salnikov George E. , Koltunov Konstantin Yu.
Published: December 2020

An unusually strong impact of temperature on the protonation degree of DMAP in strong acid solutions has been found.
Construction of isoxazolone-fused phenanthridines via Rh-catalyzed cascade C–H activation/cyclization of 3-arylisoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones
Authors: Hu Wangcheng , He Xinwei , Zhou Tongtong , Zuo Youpeng , Zhang Shiwen , Yang Tingting , Shang Yongjia
Published: December 2020

A Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade C–H activation/intramolecular cyclization of 3-aryl-5-isoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was described, leading to functional isoxazolone-fused phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields.
A pyridinium-pended conjugated polyelectrolyte for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and organic solar cells
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Jing Jianhua , Liang Yuanying , Hu Zhicheng , Zhang Xi , Tang Haoran , Tian Li , Li Yingwei , Huang Fei
Published: December 2020

A pyridinium-pended conjugated polyelectrolyte with photo-induced amine doping behaviour was designed for multiple applications.
A Giese reaction for electron-rich alkenes
Authors: Huang Qi , Suravarapu Sankar Rao , Renaud Philippe
Published: December 2020

Giese reaction not anymore limited to electron poor alkenes! A general method for the radical mediated hydroalkylation of electron rich alkenes including enol ethers, silylenolethers, enamides, and enecarbamates has been developed.
Towards a fully consistent Milky Way disk model
Authors: Sysoliatina K. , Just A.
Published: December 2020

Aims.We present an updated version of the semi-analytic Just-Jahrei (JJ) model of the Galactic disk and constrain its parameters in the Solar neighbourhood.

Methods.The new features of the JJ model include a simple two-component gaseous disk, a star-formation rate (SFR) function of the thick disk that has been extended in time, and a correlation between the kinematics of molecular gas and thin-disk populations. Here, we study the vertical number density profiles andW-velocity distributions determined from ∼2 × 106local stars of the secondGaiadata release (DR2). We also investigate an apparent Hess diagram of theGaiaDR2 stars selected in a conic volume towards the Galactic poles. Using a stellar evolution library, we synthesise stellar populations with a four-slope broken power-law initial mass function, the SFR, and an age-metallicity relation. The latter is consistently derived with the observed metallicity distribution of the local Red Clump giants from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Working within a Bayesian approach, we sample the posterior probability distribution in a multidimensional parameter space using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

Results.We find that the spatial distribution and motion of theGaiaDR2 stars imply two recent SF bursts centered at ages of ∼0.5 Gyr and ∼3 Gyr and characterised by a ∼30% and ∼55% SF enhancement, respectively, relative to a monotonously declining SFR continuum. The stellar populations associated with this SF excess are found to be dynamically hot for their age: they haveW-velocity dispersions of ∼12.5 km s−1and ∼26 km s−1. The new JJ model is able to reproduce the local star counts with an accuracy of ∼5%.

Conclusions.UsingGaiaDR2 data, we self-consistently constrained 22 parameters of the updated JJ model. Our optimised model predicts two SF bursts within the last ∼4 Gyr, which may point to recent episodes of gas infall.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Schuldt S. , Suyu S. H. , Meinhardt T. , Leal-Taixé L. , Cañameras R. , Taubenberger S. , Halkola A.
Published: December 2020

Modeling the mass distributions of strong gravitational lenses is often necessary in order to use them as astrophysical and cosmological probes. With the large number of lens systems (≳105) expected from upcoming surveys, it is timely to explore efficient modeling approaches beyond traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques that are time consuming. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) on images of galaxy-scale lens systems to predict the five parameters of the singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) mass model (lens center x and y, complex ellipticity ex and ey, and Einstein radius θE). To train the network we simulate images based on real observations from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for the lens galaxies and from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field as lensed galaxies. We tested different network architectures and the effect of different data sets, such as using only double or quad systems defined based on the source center and using different input distributions of θE. We find that the CNN performs well, and with the network trained on both doubles and quads with a uniform distribution of θE > 0.5″ we obtain the following median values with 1σ scatter: Δx = (0.00−0.30+0.30)″, Δy = (0.00−0.29+0.30)″, ΔθE = (0.07−0.12+0.29)″, Δex = −0.01−0.09+0.08, and Δey = 0.00−0.09+0.08. The bias in θE is driven by systems with small θE. Therefore, when we further predict the multiple lensed image positions and time-delays based on the network output, we apply the network to the sample limited to θE > 0.8″. In this case the offset between the predicted and input lensed image positions is (0.00−0.29+0.29)″ and (0.00−0.31+0.32)″ for the x and y coordinates, respectively. For the fractional difference between the predicted and true time-delay, we obtain 0.04−0.05+0.27. Our CNN model is able to predict the SIE parameter values in fractions of a second on a single CPU, and with the output we can predict the image positions and time-delays in an automated way, such that we are able to process efficiently the huge amount of expected galaxy-scale lens detections in the near future.
Une caméra infrarouge
Authors: Ribet Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Les caméras infrarouges sont utilisées dans des domaines très variés: surveillance, déperditions thermiques, vision industrielle, domotique, voire même détection de personnes fiévreuses dans le contexte de crise sanitaire actuel… Pour couvrir des besoins aussi variés, il existe sur le marché tout un éventail de produits commerciaux, allant du petit module de vision thermique pour smartphone (poids ~100g et prix ~200€) à la caméra refroidie très haute performance (poids de plusieurs kilos, prix allant jusqu’à plus de 100.000€).
Eisenmangel bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Schricker Severin , Schanz Moritz , Ketteler Markus
Published: December 2020

Die Mehrheit der Patienten mit fortgeschrittener chronischer Niereninsuffizienz (CNI) entwickelt eine Anämie. Hierbei spielt der Eisenmangel neben dem Erythropoetinmangel und weiteren Faktoren wie regelmäßige Blutverluste, Mangelernährung und chronische Entzündungszustände eine bedeutende Rolle. Dabei kann sowohl ein absoluter Eisenmangel oder auch ein relativer (funktioneller) Mangel bestehen, der die Nutzung der verfügbaren Eisenvorräte verhindert. Gleichzeitig bestehen gerade beim Kollektiv der CNI-Patienten Limitationen bzgl. der traditionellen Biomarker, die für die Diagnose der Eisenmangelanämie verwendet werden. Daher ist das Verständnis der Pathophysiologie und der möglichen Behandlungsoptionen in der Therapie entscheidend. Erfreulicherweise wurden zuletzt neue Studien veröffentlicht, die auf eine sichere und effiziente Eisensubstitution gerade auch bei HD-Patienten (HD: Hämodialyse) hindeuten. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen weiter ungeklärt. Dieser Text soll einen Überblick über die Mechanismen der Eisenmangelanämie, der Diagnose und der verfügbaren Therapien bei Patienten mit CNI sowie über weitere offene Fragen in der Praxis geben.
Mit einer App in wenigen Klicks zur SOP
Authors: Teigeler Brigitte
Published: December 2020

Der OP ist ein Hochrisikobereich. Standard Operating Procedures, kurz SOPs, können hier die Patientensicherheit erhöhen. Doch wenn Pflegende und Ärzte sie am meisten brauchen, sind sie oft nicht zur Hand. Um Abhilfe zu schaffen, wurde eine App entwickelt: Mit ihr sind alle SOPs eines Krankenhauses jederzeit einsehbar. Auch kann die App auf Wunsch die Kliniken untereinander vernetzen.
Triple-negatives Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2020

Nach einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie haben 2 von 3 Frauen mit einem triple-negativen Mammakarzinom (TNBC) histopathologisch eine Resterkrankung. Mit zirkulierender Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) und zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (CTC) lässt sich eine minimale Resterkrankung (MRD) diagnostizieren. Die Sekundäranalyse der BREI12-158-Studie belegt den prognostischen Wert der Liquid Biopsy und den komplementären Nutzen von ctDNA und CTC.
Stereotaktische Bestrahlung lokalisierter Prostatakarzinome
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2020

Die bildgestützte Hochpräzisionsbestrahlung (SBRT) ermöglicht eine Dosiserhöhung ohne vermehrte Nebenwirkungen. Bei lokalisierten Prostatakarzinomen erfolgte die SBRT überwiegend bei Patienten mit einem geringen und intermediären Risiko. Die retrospektive Studie belegt nun eine langfristig hohe Effektivität unabhängig von der Risikokonstellation.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2021
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: December 2020

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2021 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg Using Navigated Endoprosthesis of the Knee
Authors: Schultz Katharina , Kräbber Manuel , Lazovic Djordje , Maus Uwe
Published: December 2020

Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg following computer navigated primary total knee arthroplasty is rare but potentially devastating. This could be triggered by a setting of the bicortical tibial navigation pin. It is essential to take care during the operation, and to implement close post-operative control, especially if there are risk factors or nerve blocks.
A novel electrocautery-enhanced delivery system for one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of the gallbladder and bile duct using a lumen-apposing metal stent: a feasibility study
Authors: Yoo Hae Won , Jo Seok Jung , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Park Jae Keun , Lee Tae Hoon , Cha Sang-Woo , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang-Heum , Park Se Ik , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng
Published: December 2020

Background The use of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) capable of one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) can increase the effectiveness of the procedure. We evaluated the newly developed electrocautery-enhanced (EC) delivery system with a LAMS for one-step EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) or choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS).

Methods In the animal experiment, an EC-LAMS was advanced into the gallbladder without prior tract dilation in four pigs. A conventional LAMS was inserted in another four pigs as a control group. After the animal experiment, 17 patients underwent EUS-TD using the EC-LAMS (EUS-GBD in 10 patients, EUS-CDS in 7). The primary outcome was the technical success rate.

Results In the animal study, the mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the EC-LAMS group than in the conventional LAMS group. In the human study, the overall technical success rate was 94.1 %, with one EUS-GBD failure. The clinical success rate was 100 %. The overall adverse event rate was 17.6 %.

Conclusions One-step EUS-GBD or EUS-CDS using the novel EC-LAMS is a feasible approach that achieves a high success rate and maintains safety.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: December 2020

Der Schulungsort ist das Hotel Seligweiler (Seligweiler 1, 89081 Ulm-Seligweiler). Weitere Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie unter
www.wbs-ulm.de

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Schliessung Mit Beigeschmack: Asklepios wickelt Reha-Klinikam Standort Seesen ab
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: December 2020

Klinik schließt zum Jahresende, 140 Arbeitsplätze fallen weg. Schuld daran seien wirtschaftliche Verluste infolge Corona, so der Konzern. Mitarbeiter und Verdi hingegen sehen darin eher eine Abstrafaktion.
Estimating the invasion extent of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus: Synbranchidae) in an altered river of the south-eastern United States
Authors: Johnson Jeffery R. , Taylor Andrew T. , Long James M.
Published: December 2020

The first reported invasion of Asian swamp eels (Monopterus albus, ASE) in the continental United States was in the state of Georgia in 1994. This population was first discovered within several ponds on a private nature centre, but the ponds drained via an outflow pipe into marsh habitats along the Chattahoochee River. Our objective was to delineate the current invasion extent of ASE in the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, by sampling juvenile ASE within an occupancy modelling framework. We sampled 111 and 100 sites in 2015 and 2016 respectively, on 10 occasions, each within a 2-km radius of the purported invasion point to estimate the spatial extent of their invasion in this system. Leaf-litter traps (LLTs) were effective at documenting an increase in the invasion extent of ASE, from within 100m of the Chattahoochee Nature Center pond outflow to 1.6km away. Documenting the extent of invasion of this population has proven elusive in the past, but the use of LLTs to target juvenile eels has documented a larger invasion extent than previously known in the study system. The results of this research can be used to develop effective control and management strategies, such as locating potential breeding areas for targeted removal sampling.
Framing governance for a contested emerging technology:insights from AI policy
Authors: Ulnicane Inga , Knight William , Leach Tonii , Stahl Bernd Carsten , Wanjiku Winter-Gladys
Published: December 2020

This paper examines how the governance in AI policy documents have been framed as way to resolve public controversies surrounding AI. It draws on the studies of governance of emerging technologies, the concept of policy framing, and analysis of 49 recent policy documents dedicated to AI which have been prepared in the context of technological hype expecting fast advances of AI that will fundamentally change economy and society. The hype about AI is accompanied by major public controversy about positive and negative effects of AI. Against the backdrop of this policy controversy, governance emerges as one of the frames that diagnoses the problems and offers prescriptions. Accordingly, the current governance characterized by oligopoly of a small number of large companies is indicated as one of the reasons for problems such as lack of consideration of societal needs and concerns. To address these problems, governance frame in AI policy documents assigns more active and collaborative roles to the state and society. Amid public controversies, the state is assigned the roles of promoting and facilitating AI development while at the same time being a guarantor of risk mitigation and enabler of societal engagement. High expectations are assigned to public engagement with multiple publics as a way to increase diversity, representation and equality in AI development and use. While this governance frame might have a normative appeal, it is not specific about addressing some well-known challenges of the proposed governance mode such as risks of capture by vested interests or difficulties to achieve consensus.
Cyclin D3 drives inertial cell cycling in dark zone germinal center B cells
Authors: Pae Juhee , Ersching Jonatan , Castro Tiago B.R. , Schips Marta , Mesin Luka , Allon Samuel J. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Mlynarczyk Coraline , Melnick Ari , Efeyan Alejo , Shalek Alex K. , Meyer-Hermann Michael , Victora Gabriel D.
Published: December 2020

During affinity maturation, germinal center (GC) B cells alternate between proliferation and somatic hypermutation in the dark zone (DZ) and affinity-dependent selection in the light zone (LZ). This anatomical segregation imposes that the vigorous proliferation that allows clonal expansion of positively selected GC B cells takes place ostensibly in the absence of the signals that triggered selection in the LZ, as if by “inertia.” We find that such inertial cycles specifically require the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3. Cyclin D3 dose-dependently controls the extent to which B cells proliferate in the DZ and is essential for effective clonal expansion of GC B cells in response to strong T follicular helper (Tfh) cell help. Introduction into the Ccnd3 gene of a Burkitt lymphoma–associated gain-of-function mutation (T283A) leads to larger GCs with increased DZ proliferation and, in older mice, clonal B cell lymphoproliferation, suggesting that the DZ inertial cell cycle program can be coopted by B cells undergoing malignant transformation.
Single molecule imaging reveals a slice of life
Authors: Short Ben
Published: December 2020

JGP study describes method to trace the real-time movements of individual membrane proteins in live tissue slices.