bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spór o model ustrojowy prokuratury w świetle dyskusji parlamentarnych nad nowelizacją z 29 grudnia 1989 r. Konstytucji PRL
Authors: Brzuszczak Przemysław
Published: December 2024

The article attempts to show the parliamentary discussions around the systemic model of the prosecutor’s office, which was one of the knotty issues during the work on the 29 December 1989 amendment to the Constitution of the Polish People’s Republic. Research methods characteristic of legal sciences and political sciences, primarily the formal-dogmatic method, the institutional method, and the comparative method have been used to achieve this goal. Through the aforementioned research methods, sources were analysed (mainly transcripts from the work of the 10th Sejm, especially the Parliamentary Legislative Committee, the 1st term Senate, the law and court reform sub-team functioning during the Polish Round Table negotiations, as well as memoirs of participants and observers of the late 1989 discussion on the optimal systemic model of the prosecutor’s office), subsequent laws on the prosecutor’s office and drafts of the December amendment, and a review of the literature.
Alongside the regulation of political parties, the question of the location and functions of the public prosecutor’s office was among the most contentious issues during the drafting of the content of the December amendment. Particularly involved in these debates was the proposal to combine the functions of the Prosecutor General and the Minister of Justice. The previous model of separating these offices in People’s Poland was seen as one of the reasons why the prosecutor’s office was used by the communist regime for various abuses, including those targeting opposition activists in the Polish People’s Republic. Thus, the personal union of the Prosecutor General and the Minister of Justice, in place since 1990, was more an aftermath of these negative experiences than the result of extensive substantive polemics around the optimal systemic model of the prosecution service. This recognition constitutes the main hypothesis of this article.
The article briefly presents the ‘starting point’ for parliamentary discussions on this issue, which was the output of the law and court reform sub-team operating under the political reforms team of the Round Table. The subject scope of the December amendment and the course of discussion on the place of the prosecutor’s office in the changed socio-political reality were also presented. During these discussions, the possible deconstitutionalisation of the prosecution institution also remained an important issue.
Profil polskich posłów i siła ich mandatu w XXI w. Analiza ilościowa
Authors: Lewandowski Arkadiusz , Nyzio Arkadiusz
Published: December 2024

The process of weakening of parliaments, and, at the same time, the stronger position of governments’ powers are key themes in the ongoing debate on the state of liberal democracy. Research on these issues tends to take a macro perspective, overlooking or underestimating the importance of the individuals at the centre of this process. This article analyses the change in the socio-political profile of Polish MPs in the 21st century. It discusses the share of women in the Sejm and the demographic variables of MPs: their age, tenure, and the education level. Moreover, electoral results were analysed, measuring the strength of the single mandate and the legitimacy of parliament as a whole.
Opinia prawna w sprawie wpływu wymogów prawa Unii Europejskiej oraz Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka, w szczególności wyjaśnionych i zastosowanych w orzeczeniach Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka oraz Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej dotyczących statusu Izby Kontroli Nadzwyczajnej i Spraw Publicznych Sądu Najwyższego, na ramy prawne działania Marszałka Sejmu określone w art. 249–251 Kodeksu wyborczego
Authors: Bogdanowicz Piotr , Filipek Paweł
Published: December 2024

The authors analyse the impact of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union on the exercise of the powers of the Marshal of the Sejm regarding the termination of a Member’s mandate, and evaluate the status of the Chamber of Extraordinary Control and Public Affairs of the Supreme Court. They conclude that this Chamber is not an independent and impartial court established by law, and its rulings are legally ineffective. They therefore recommend to the Marshal of the Sejm, that appeals in cases of decisions on the termination of a Member’s mandate, should not be directed to this defective Chamber, but to the Chamber of Labour and Social Security of the Supreme Court.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Disiplin, dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PD Intan Bestari Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Febrianti Pani , Susilowati Isnurrini Hidayat
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PD. Intan Bestari Kabupaten Garut. Mewujudkan kinerja yang sesuai dengan standar dan harapan organisasi sangatlah penting, seperti halnya menetapkan visi dan tujuan. Namun, berbagai elemen, termasuk budaya, kepemimpinan, gaji, motivasi, lingkungan tempat kerja, dan komitmen asosiasi, memiliki dampak pada personel. Semua elemen ini sangat penting dalam menginspirasi para pekerja untuk menghasilkan hasil yang diinginkan Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan survey, menggunakan data kuantitatif yaitu data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuisioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PD. Intan Bestari Kabupaten Garut dengan sampel berjumlah 30 orang karyawan. Pengujian data dengan menggunakan metode analisis statistic Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji-T dan Uji-F dengan software SPSS V25.0. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan gaya kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Demikian juga dari hasil uji-t yang menunjukan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi kerja masing-masing berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Maka dapat disimpulkan baik secara partial maupun simultan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di PD. Intan Bestari Kabupaten Garut.
Pengaruh Citra Merek terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kacamata (Studi Kasus : Akun Instagram @shopatapril12)
Authors: Revita Maria Lapriska Dian Ela , Fitri Khansa Mustika
Published: December 2024

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengenai citra merek pada kacamata merek April Eyewear memengaruhi konsumen untuk memutuskan membeli produk dan dapat terwujudnya tingkat penjualan serta kemajuan perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian kacamata pada akun instagram @shopatapril2. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini adalah dengan kuesioner dan dokumentasi dengan metode analisisnya berupa kuantitatif, yang menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, populasi, sampel, skala likert, koefisien korelasi, determinasi dan persamaan regresi. Pengujian indikator atau kuesioner dari perhitungan menggunakan SPSS 25. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen pengikut akun instagram @shopatapril2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa citra merek memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,809, sedangkan determinasi hasilnya 65,5%. Dan untuk persamaan regresi diperoleh Y = -10,886 + 1,392X artinya apabila citra merek tidak ada atau nol maka keputusan pembelian adalah negatif 10,886. Koefisien regresi sebesar 1,392 menyatakan bahwa citra merek meningkat satu satuan akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar 1,392. Jadi arah hubungan citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah positif yang searah.
Keyword: Citra Merek, Keputusan Pembelian
Прикладна психолінгвістика онлайн опитувань: декотрі диспозиційні особливості мовленнєвого реагування українців на патріотичну стимуляцію
Authors: Shymko Vitalii
Published: December 2024

Мета. Це дослідження спрямоване на вивчення впливу патріотичних стимулів при проведенні анкетувань. У фокусі уваги дослідження такі дослідницькі запитання: Чи існують індивідуально-психологічні відмінності авторів текстів, які реагують на патріотичну стимуляцію (звернення) в необов’язкових запитаннях онлайн анкет? Які диспозиційні характеристики респондентів є достовірними предикторами мовленнєвого реагування на патріотичний контент в опитувальниках?
Методи. Онлайн опитування, яке проведено на вибірці 1667 респондентів за допомогою анкети з 39 запитань щодо різних аспектів робочого середовища, ставлення до праці, професійних знань, відносин з колегами та керівництвом, а також умов праці і впливів на самопочуття різноманітних зовнішніх чинників. У склад анкети було включено українську адаптацію короткого п’ятифакторного опитувальника особистості TIPI-UKR та враховані соціально-демографічні характеристики. Для обробки отриманих емпіричних результатів були застосовані: метод нелінійного аналізу головних компонент, вивчення мір центральних тенденцій, дескриптивний аналіз, порівняння середніх значень і аналіз дисперсії, біноміальна логістична регресія та множинний лінійний регресійний аналіз.
Результати. . Автори текстів, які реагують на патріотичну стимуляцію (звернення) в необов’язкових запитаннях онлайн анкет виявляють статистично достовірно більш високі показники за шкалою добросовісність (за п’ятифакторною моделлю особистості) порівняно з іншими респондентами. Високі показники добросовісності та гендерна належність (чоловіча стать) є статистично значущими предикторами мовленнєвого реагування на патріотичний контент в опитувальниках. Предикторами кількісної характеристики патріотичного контенту у вільних коментарях є такі особистісні риси «Великої п’ятірки» як – дружелюбність і добросовісність, а також задоволеність респондентів позаробочими умовами.
Висновки. З’ясування інтенціональної сторони реагування на патріотичний зміст потребує дослідження як нормативної складової мовленнєвої поведінки, так і особливості диспозиційної зумовленості відповідних цінностей респондентів. Важливою перспективою подальших розвідок вбачається розробка такого методологічного формату, який би охоплював широке предметне поле умов і чинників мовленнєвого реагування на патріотичну стимуляцію під час онлайн анкетувань, а також забезпечував одночасне поєднання двох дослідницьких векторів – прогностичного та класифікаційного.
Overt and Null Subject Variation in Ammani Arabic: Distribution, Constraints, and Implications
Authors: Khater Rahaf , Jarrah Marwan , Al-Badawi Mohammad , Al-Shawashreh Ekab
Published: December 2024

Purpose. This article investigates the distribution of overt and null subject pronouns in Ammani Arabic (AA) from a variationist perspective, identifying social and linguistic constraints that shape pronoun expression. The study examines how age, gender, and educational attainment, alongside grammatical person, sentence polarity (positive vs. negative), tense, clause type (root vs. embedded), and verbal component (verbal vs. verbless), impact the choice between overt and null pronouns.
Methods. The analysis draws on a dataset of 32 sociolinguistic interviews, totaling over 32 hours of recorded data. Each interview was coded to capture both social factors and syntactic environments that affect pronoun usage. Using distributional and multivariate statistical methods, the study reveals the systematic structures underlying pronoun variation in AA.
Results. Findings show that pro-drop in AA is significantly influenced by both social and linguistic factors. Socially, age and gender play key roles in pronoun use, reflecting strong links between pronoun choice and demographic identity. Linguistically, factors like verbal component, clause type, polarity, and grammatical person are crucial in determining the choice between overt and null pronouns, establishing predictable and structured patterns in pronoun expression. This variation is shown to be rule-governed rather than random.
Conclusions. The study demonstrates that pro-drop in AA follows structured, rule-based patterns shaped by identifiable social and linguistic constraints. This research enriches the understanding of subject pronoun variation in Arabic dialects, underscoring the value of variationist analysis in exploring how social meaning and linguistic structure intersect. The findings offer broader implications for understanding pronoun variation in language varieties globally, with a focus on social indexing within Arabic dialects.
PSICOLOGIA E O TRABALHO
Authors: Carvalho Fábio Rodrigues , Nóbrega Juliana da Silva , Schlindwein Vanderléia de Lurdes Dal Castel , Andrade Rafael Ademir Oliveira de
Published: December 2024

No presente ensaio teórico, aborda-se a relação entre Psicologia e trabalho sob a racionalidade neoliberal, destacando a precarização do trabalho e o consequente adoecimento dos trabalhadores. Esse cenário resulta na individualização do sofrimento psicológico e alienação coletiva. Historicamente, a Psicologia no trabalho tem legitimado a dominação burguesa e a exploração da força de trabalho. O ensaio enfatiza a desindividualização do sofrimento psíquico no trabalho e a solidariedade coletiva como prioridades para a prática psicológica no contexto laboral. Propõe a criação de espaços de resistência para diálogos coletivos, conscientização da realidade e perspectivas de mudança. Reconhece os limites impostos pela sociedade burguesa, mas defende a atuação nos interstícios do sistema. Ressalta a importância de os psicólogos assumirem uma posição em favor das classes populares e oprimidas, conscientes de seu papel na luta pela emancipação dos trabalhadores explorados pelo capitalismo.
Modeling the impact of uncertainty on the agricultural sector: scientific and methodological foundations and development scenarios
Authors: PROKOPENKO Nataliia
Published: December 2024

The article examines the scientific and methodological foundations for modeling the impact of uncertainty on the agricultural sector, particularly in the context of growing global challenges and instability. Uncertainty in the agricultural sector is often a consequence of economic, climatic, political, and social factors, which complicates the forecasting of industry development and strategic decision-making. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the main types of uncertainty, with particular attention paid to economic and geopolitical uncertainty, climate change, fluctuations in input and output prices, as well as socio-demographic factors such as labor migration.
A methodological approach is proposed for modeling the impact of these factors on the development of the agricultural sector, based on the use of multifactor analysis, scenario planning, and sensitivity analysis. The focus is on the development of scenarios for the agricultural sector under different conditions of uncertainty, which allows for the assessment of possible consequences for key economic activity indicators, such as yields, production volumes, exports, and investments. It is determined that the application of scenario analysis provides more accurate risk forecasting and allows agricultural enterprises and policymakers to better prepare for potential challenges.
The article also contains recommendations on adaptation strategies aimed at reducing the impact of uncertainty on the agricultural sector. In particular, the possibilities of diversifying agricultural production, introducing innovative technologies, as well as risk insurance and the creation of stabilization funds, are explored. The importance of developing state support and investment in sustainable agricultural production to minimize the negative impact of external shocks is considered. The study emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing uncertainty and its impact on the agricultural sector.
The results of the study are of great significance for practitioners in agribusiness, policymakers, and researchers engaged in the sustainable development of agriculture. The use of the proposed methodological tools will help improve risk management efficiency and ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the face of current challenges.
A methodical approach to assessing the potential of innovative development of agricultural business subjects
Authors: SIEROV Ivan
Published: December 2024

The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the innovation development potential of agribusiness entities, which is a crucial stage in enhancing the competitiveness and efficiency of enterprises in the face of global challenges. The proposed approach allows for a comprehensive evaluation of both internal and external factors influencing the innovation activity of enterprises. Key components of the assessment include financial capacity, technological readiness, innovation climate, and market opportunities. It is highlighted that insufficient support for innovation at the corporate culture level, as well as a low proportion of innovation-active enterprises, act as restraining factors for development in the agricultural sector.
Additionally, the article underlines the need for increased investments in innovations and the continuous training of personnel to ensure the successful implementation of modern technologies. The role of benchmarking in this process is also examined, as it allows for the comparative analysis of agribusiness enterprises that have successfully implemented innovation projects. Through this comparison, enterprises can identify best practices and effective strategies for enhancing their innovation potential.
The analysis of innovation potential also includes an assessment of a company’s resource base, which is critical for determining its ability to develop and implement new technologies and processes. Companies with sufficient financial and human resources are better positioned to invest in innovative solutions and implement them effectively. Moreover, technological readiness, measured by the level of automation and digitalization, plays a significant role in a company’s ability to enhance its productivity through innovation.
The innovation climate within an organization, including management’s support for innovation and employees' readiness for change, is a determining factor in whether innovative ideas will be successfully implemented. Furthermore, market opportunities, both domestic and international, are considered when evaluating the potential for innovation-driven growth, as they help define the market niches that can be filled by new products or services.
Theoretical aspects of the strategy for the positioning of agricultural enterprises as a tool for increasing their competitiveness
Authors: BILYK Viktoriya , SHPILEVA Vira , VOYNIKOVA Anna
Published: December 2024

Statement of the problem As a result of the significant aggravation of competition caused by market relations, the agro-industrial sector in Ukraine is forced to implement new approaches in the management of economic development, to carry out and improve marketing activities, paying more attention to marketing strategies - a key tool for the development of agribusiness.
The agrarian-industrial complex is a strategically important branch of the national economy, and therefore requires a thorough study of the prospects for the development of regions in which agriculture significantly affects the socio-economic development of the territory.
Modern conditions of economic development dictate the need to implement modern marketing strategies for the development of agro-industrial enterprises using a comprehensive approach to marketing technologies and innovations, which will ensure an increase in the competitiveness of agricultural production on domestic and foreign markets. Marketing strategies for the positioning of agricultural enterprises increase their competitiveness, attractiveness, and strengthen their reputation in comparison with competitors.
In this regard, there is a practical need to increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises with the implementation of effective marketing strategies for positioning and brand management, strategies for discounts and seasonal offers, formation and evaluation of one's position on the market, formation of the image of the company's products as high-quality and unique. This determines relevance of the topic and the need for research in this direction.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE COOPERATIVE STRUCTURE IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: MIRAKIN Vasyl
Published: December 2024

The article examines the organizational and economic principles of the functioning of the cooperative structure in agriculture, which are key to ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Special attention is paid to the analysis of models of cooperatives, their organizational structure, as well as economic mechanisms that ensure the effective functioning of cooperatives in rural areas. The main factors affecting the success of cooperative activities, including financial stability, organizational efficiency, the level of integration of production and marketing processes, as well as the influence of state support, were studied. It was determined that for the successful development of cooperatives in agriculture, clear organizational and economic mechanisms are needed, which include systems of financial planning, risk management, and the creation of conditions for attracting investments. In addition, cooperatives should ensure effective coordination between producers, which will help reduce production costs and increase product quality. The article also emphasizes the role of cooperatives in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and ensuring food security. Examples of successful functioning of cooperative structures in different countries were analyzed, which allows to determine the best practices for their implementation in Ukraine. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the cooperative structure largely depends on the adaptation of organizational and economic principles to modern market conditions and needs of agriculture. Further research should be aimed at improving these principles, taking into account global trends and challenges facing the agricultural sector. The basis of the successful functioning of agricultural production cooperatives is effective intra-farm production relations and, first of all, they allow realizing the economic interests of the co-owners of the members of the cooperative. The crisis state of the cooperative economy in the countryside is manifested in the fact that the motivation of workers remains low, the property relations of owners of land shares and property shares are not realized, the potential of the cooperative form of entrepreneurship is not used. These circumstances indicate the need to search for reserves and ways to improve the organization and increase the efficiency of agricultural production cooperatives as the predominant form of management on the land.
Role of monitoring and controlling in enterprise management systems
Authors: YEHIOZARIAN Artur
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the research of the role of monitoring and controlling in enterprise management systems, as they enable the acquisition of operational information about the state of business activities, identifying deviations from planned indicators, and taking corrective actions. The aim of the article is to analyze, systematize, and improve the theoretical and methodological foundations for implementing monitoring and controlling systems in enterprise management. The article examines modern approaches to understanding controlling and monitoring as key management tools that contribute to achieving the strategic and operational goals of businesses. It is substantiated that controlling is defined as a comprehensive system that integrates planning, accounting, analysis, and control functions, aimed at achieving efficient resource use and aligning enterprise activities with strategic objectives. The study shows that monitoring, in turn, serves an operational function, ensuring a continuous process of tracking key indicators and responding promptly to deviations. The research highlights the importance of integrating controlling and monitoring to enhance the enterprise's adaptability to changes in the market environment. Arguments are presented that digitization significantly expands the capabilities of these tools by automating data collection and analysis processes, thereby increasing the accuracy of management decisions. Controlling provides a systematic approach to business process management, allowing for risk forecasting, scenario modeling, and resource optimization. Meanwhile, monitoring enables a quick response to market challenges and internal changes, maintaining business stability. It was revealed that the interaction between controlling and monitoring forms a comprehensive management system, where controlling sets strategic directions, and monitoring ensures the execution of tactical tasks. The research found that the implementation of monitoring and controlling contributes to enhancing the transparency of management decisions, reducing risks, and supporting sustainable enterprise development in the context of digital transformation.
Features of the youth labor market after the invasion of russia in Ukraine and ways to improve the youth labor force in the post-war period
Authors: MYKHAILICHENKO Liubomyr , DASHKO Iryna , CHEREP Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The article examines the role of youth in shaping the labor market in Ukraine in the context of military challenges. It is established that Ukraine is going through difficult times, fighting against Russian aggression and occupation, which is manifested in economic, human, infrastructural, and environmental losses for Ukraine. It is determined that modern youth policy is manifested through the following areas: organizational, social, humanitarian and political, which makes it possible to realize the relevant potential of young people, and modern youth activities make it possible to form a new state policy on a qualitative basis. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the ability of young people to respond to modern challenges and needs of the time, as many young people in the context of hostilities continue to work actively, despite all the difficulties that exist in terms of security, logistics, social security, etc. It has also been determined that youth organizations abroad also actively assist in organizing political, humanitarian and human rights events for both refugees and Ukraine as a whole. It is found that the program activities, projects, and volunteer initiatives of modern youth will play an important role in imitating their patriotism, activity, organization, self-sacrifice, and motivation for future generations of Ukrainians and can be used in the formation of youth work for the next periods.
Impact of a full-scale invasion on the insurance market in Ukraine
Authors: TKACHUK Liudmyla , KRAUS Oleksandra
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to analyzing the impact of Russia's full-scale invasion on Ukraine's insurance market and outlines the main challenges faced by the industry during the war. The study revealed significant changes in the life, property, auto, and health insurance segments. The military actions led to widespread infrastructure destruction, a decline in economic activity, and a decrease in the purchasing power of both individuals and businesses, which significantly affected the insurance market. Insurance companies were forced to adapt their products to the new realities while simultaneously increasing payouts, particularly in the property and life insurance sectors, due to high loss rates.
Special attention is given to the role of government regulation in supporting the insurance market. The government implemented legislative changes to reduce pressure on insurance companies and simplify the conditions for their operations. International support is also highlighted, which helped Ukrainian insurers maintain financial stability, especially through reinsurance and access to resources from international financial organizations. Additionally, potential recovery scenarios for the insurance market after the end of hostilities were forecasted. Among the key recovery prospects is the expected growth in demand for insurance products, particularly in the property, business, and life insurance segments. The importance of integrating Ukraine’s insurance market with the European market is also emphasized, which will create new opportunities for investment, improve insurance services, and enhance technology.
The article highlights the long-term effects of the war on Ukraine's insurance market and the possibilities for its development during post-war reconstruction. The recovery process will involve not only restoring the market to pre-war levels but also introducing new insurance products aimed at protecting against emerging risks, including natural disasters and cyber risks.
AI’S ROLE IN TRANSFORMING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND STREAMLINING SUPPLY CHAINS FOR GLOBAL BUSINESSES
Authors: ZHANG KUAN
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on personalizing customer experience in international business and its benefits for companies in the global economy. It also evaluated AI's implications on supply chain management, focusing on efficiency and sustainability. Using a quantitative research approach and primary surveys with stakeholders in international business, the study revealed that AI significantly enhances supply chain management effectiveness through forecasting, financial operation optimization, and insight generation. AI technologies enable businesses to analyze vast amounts of data, accurately predicting customer preferences and behavior. This predictive capability enhances customer experience by providing personalized recommendations and services tailored to individual needs. For instance, AI can analyze purchasing patterns and browsing histories to suggest products that customers are likely to be interested in, thereby increasing the likelihood of purchase, and fostering customer loyalty. With AI and big data, businesses can develop precise opportunities for customer relationships, achieving higher market share and customer loyalty. AI-driven personalization strategies allow companies to target specific customer segments with customized marketing campaigns, improving engagement and conversion rates. Additionally, AI helps businesses understand and anticipate customer needs in different regions, allowing them to adapt their offerings to local preferences and trends. This regional adaptability is crucial in international business, where customer preferences can vary significantly across different markets. In supply chain management, AI's impact is profound. AI systems can optimize inventory management, predict demand fluctuations, and streamline logistics operations. By analyzing real-time data, AI can identify potential disruptions and suggest proactive measures to mitigate risks, ensuring a smooth and resilient supply chain. This capability not only enhances efficiency but also contributes to sustainability by reducing waste and improving resource utilization. In summary, AI plays a pivotal role in transforming customer experience and supply chain management in international business. By leveraging AI's predictive and analytical capabilities, companies can offer personalized services, enhance customer loyalty, and achieve higher efficiency and sustainability in their supply chain operations, ultimately benefiting the global economy.
Monetary policy: current state review and development prospects
Authors: KOLIADKA Mykhailo , FEIER Oksana
Published: December 2024

Monetary policy is one of the key tools of economic management, influencing inflation levels, employment, interest rates, and other aspects of macroeconomic stability. In the current context of globalization and financial market instability, monetary policy gains particular significance. Monetary theory in economics has developed from various schools of thought rather than a single unified model. Each of these schools emphasizes different forces driving inflation and recommends specific policy responses. Different times have posed different challenges, each requiring its own policy approach. This article reviews the current state of monetary policy and examines its development prospects.
Monetary policy refers to the financial policies that regulate all areas of the economy where money is used. This is a generalization of numerous definitions of the concept. Monetary policy is part of economic policy aimed at achieving employment and price stability, economic growth, and balance of external payments through the control of the monetary system. It seeks to influence spending flows. The primary role of monetary policy is to strengthen the purchasing power of the national currency, prevent inflation, and achieve a stable exchange rate.
Monetary policy is a set of measures taken by the central bank aimed at regulating the money supply in the economy. The development and implementation of monetary policy is a central function of the central bank in any state. The strategic goal of the central bank's monetary policy should align with the ultimate goal of the state's economic policy- to achieve a level of economic growth that ensures high employment, price stability, and stability of the currency's external value. The central bank must facilitate the achievement of this goals.
The essence and components of the organizational and economic mechanism of healthcare institutions' energy-saving management
Authors: DZHEDZHULA Viacheslav , YEPIFANOVA Iryna , SHEVCHUK Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The relentless surge in the cost of energy carriers, coupled with the uncertainty in the reliability and continuity of heat and electricity supply, and the looming environmental issues, all underscore the pressing need for the management of medical institutions to expedite their search for ways to optimize energy and enhance the energy efficiency of all processes at the enterprise.
The purpose of this article is to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for energy-saving management of healthcare facilities and to study its components and functioning.
Healthcare enterprises are relatively energy-intensive, and a significant amount of thermal and electrical energy is spent in them to maintain the parameters and cleanliness of the indoor air, the functioning of medical equipment, and the generation of hot water. The increase in the cost of energy carriers prompts the management of these enterprises to take decisive steps to save energy. However, the approach to energy saving at these enterprises should be complex and scientifically based, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the medical institution and its energy consumption. For the complex and scientific implementation of energy-saving measures at these enterprises, we offer an organizational and economic management mechanism (OEM) for energy-saving in healthcare facilities. The work examines the essence and components of the managerial and economic mechanism of energy-saving management of healthcare institutions. It is proposed that the mechanism be considered as a set of technical, economic, motivational, and organizational components. The crucial role in the mechanism is assigned to the Department of Energy Management and Energy Audit; the selection of priority energy-saving measures is carried out based on the results of economic and mathematical modelling.
Marketing of innovations of engineering enterprises
Authors: VITIUK Anna
Published: December 2024

The paper reveals the existing weakening of the positions of machine-building enterprises on the market, which is caused by a decrease in the competitiveness of their products, which is associated with the absence of innovative processes. The main arguments regarding the expediency of innovations by machine-building enterprises have been revealed. The factors that determine marketing measures to create the necessary conditions for finding productive changes at machine-building enterprises have been determined. The peculiarities of the implementation of machine-building products, which affect measures of innovation marketing, have been revealed. Circumstances determining the application of marketing innovations in the machine-building industry have been established. The discrepancy between the measures of innovation marketing applied by machine-building enterprises and the general development trends of the machine-building industry in the world was revealed. The main directions of development and the leading directions of production of machine-building enterprises are determined, among which the most important are the production of electric vehicles, nanoengineering, the use of online applications in machine-building, the comprehensive autonomy of the use of artificial intelligence, the use of "big data" in machine-building, increasing the level of complexity of machine-building products, the application of the concept "digital double" etc. It has been proven that the orientation of marketing innovations on such leading areas of production can provide machine-building enterprises with active development. The article emphasizes that the use of innovations in mechanical engineering becomes an exclusive necessity, which prevents the risks of losing relevance in the market of modern industry. It has been established that modern trends in technological innovations have already created new business models and opportunities for mechanical engineering, following which determines the future prospects of development and work in the market of mechanical engineering products.
Features of three-dimensional reconstruction of spirals based on small-angle x-ray scattering data
Authors: Grigorev V. A. , Konarev P. V. , Volkov V. V.
Published: December 2024

The interest in spiral particles lies in their resemblance to authentic nanostructures that emerge through the self-organisation of biopolymers (such as carrageenans, DNA, and so forth). Conversely, the determination of the structural parameters of such particles based on small-angle scattering data is challenging due to the lack of conditioning in the inverse problem. This is demonstrated by the utilisation of established bead structure modelling software. This paper considers a modification of the search algorithm in a limited area of space and the behaviour of solutions depending on the values of the parameters of the objective function responsible for the connectivity and looseness of the structure, the type of weighing of the scattering intensity curve, and the width of the angular range of data. In order to statistically assess the stability of the solutions, a sequential model search mode was applied, with varying amounts of contributions of penalty terms. The empirical dependences of the optimal values of the search parameters with respect to the parameters of the distribution curve of paired distances were determined.
On the technology of production of antique red-glazed pottery (bosporan, pontic and eastern sigillata)
Authors: Mandrykina A. V. , Zhuravlev D. V. , Guryeva P. V. , Kovalenko E. S. , Kondratyev O. A. , Khmelenin D. N. , Tereschenko E. Yu. , Yatsishina E. B.
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive study of antique red-glazed pottery fragments (terra sigillata) belonging to the Pontic, Bosporan and Eastern groups has enabled the identification of distinctive technological characteristics of the slip layer and ceramic mass. The Eastern sigillata samples exhibited superior technological characteristics. The small size of the pores and inclusions is indicative of the utilisation of finely dispersed clay. Furthermore, the presence of a mixture comprising two distinct clay types was identified: a ferrous clay and a more refractory calcareous clay. The particular and likely meticulous preparation of the clay suspension for the slip layer production was indicated by the addition of a potassium-containing preparation, presumably potassium potash, to enhance the glazing of the layer, as well as an iron-containing pigment, probably ocher. The samples were fired at a temperature of approximately 1000°C. Pontic sigillata products were distinguished by the addition of potassium potash in accordance with Eastern techniques and the absence of a specially added pigment in the varnish mixture. The firing temperature was lower, falling within the range of 850–900°C.
Construction solutions of the eski-kermen and gorzuvit tombs
Authors: Loboda A. Yu. , Kalinin P. I. , Antipin A. M. , Guryeva P. V. , Kovalenko E. S. , Mandrykina A. V. , Kuzmina E. A. , Khairedinova E. A. , Mastykova A. V. , Tereschenko E. Yu. , Yatsishina E. B.
Published: December 2024

A comparative analysis of the mortars used in the construction of two burial structures in medieval Crimean cities, namely Eski-Kermen and Gorzuvit, was conducted. In both instances, lime mortar was employed. The faunal remains discovered within the lime base enabled the origin of the carbonate raw material to be determined. In the case of Eski-Kermen, the lime mortar was prepared from Eocene nummulitic limestone, which constitutes the plateau itself. In contrast, the limestone of the Upper Oxfordian deposits of the southern slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains was used in Gorzuvit. As technological admixtures in Gorzuvites, rounded large pebbles (of river or sea origin), sand, presumably of river origin, and plant remains were employed. On the Eski-Kermen plateau, due to the limited availability of resources, mainly only heterogeneous, fairly large fragments of crushed, partially burnt ceramics were used. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that local changes in the formulation of solutions are associated with the availability of raw materials near the construction site, both natural and anthropogenic.
Application of multi-frequency doppler backscattering for studying edge localized modes at the Globus-M2 tokamak
Authors: Tokarev A. Y. , Yashin A. Y. , Ponomarenko A. M. , Gusev V. K. , Zhiltsov N. S. , Kurskiev G. S. , Minaev V. B. , Petrov Yu. V. , Sakharov N. V. , Solokha V. , Velizhanin V. A.
Published: December 2024

The high-confinement mode in tokamaks (H-mode) is characterized by high pressure gradients at plasma edge, which results in the appearance of edge localized modes (ELMs). They are studied at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak too, where edge localized modes are observed mainly in regimes with neutral beam injection. One of the ways for studying ELMs is the use of the Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostics installed at Globus-M2. It makes possible to estimate the amplitude of plasma density fluctuations and measure the radial electric field Er. In this work, the effect of edge localized modes on the Er field is studied in the radial range 0.4 ρ 1.1. It is shown that during ELMs the electric field increases in the entire measurement range. This indicates that ELMs affect the inner plasma regions as well. This is not consistent with the general ideas concerning the peripheral localization of ELMs, but is confirmed experimentally not only at Globus-M2. In addition, the results for the regime with ELMs are compared with those for the regime with limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) and it is shown that during LCOs such effect is not observed.
Increase in power of radiation and specific concentration of energy of plasma of the high-current Z-pinches due to compression of the cascade wire arrays interacting via magnetic field
Authors: Volkov G. S. , Grabovskii E. V. , Gritsuk A. N. , Mitrofanov K. N. , Rupasov A. A. , Frolov I. N.
Published: December 2024

Experiments on compression of cascade tungsten wire arrays with reduced inductance at the finalstage of pinching aimed at increasing the specific concentration of plasma energy of the high-current Z-pinches were carried out. The experiments were conducted at the Angara-5-1 facility at load current of up to 4 MA. The highest radiation power per unit pinch length were obtained using the cascade wire arrays in which mass per unit length of the inner wire array with reduced inductance was in the range between 1 and 1.5 that of the outer wire array. The soft X-ray radiation power of P ~ 11 TW was obtained from the 1-cm-long pinch. The specific yield of the soft X-ray radiation was in the range of 130–140 kJ/cm. The total and specific powers of the pinch radiation obtained upon compression of the cascade load with reduced inductance exceeded the total and specific powers of the pinch radiation obtained by compression of a “standard” wire array with a length of 1.6 cm with the same parameters (7–8 TW and 5 TW/cm, respectively). The yield of the soft X-ray radiation did not change upon reduction in the length of the emitting pinch from 1.6 to 0.6 cm. The compression dynamics of such a load is indicative of an increased role played by the magnetic field of the current flowing in the inner cascade in interaction of the cascades. A variant of using interaction of the cascade-array shells via the magnetic field of the inner-cascade current as applied to the scheme of the statistical «hohlraum» with indirect irradiation of spherical targets is proposed. The scheme enables entrainment of part of the current by the inner wire array that confines the statistical «hohlraum». In this case, interaction of cascades allows using nearly entire kinetic energy of the accelerated outer shell for generation of radiation in the statistical «hohlraum» by two forming near-electrode pinches.
Increasing the efficiency of plasma mass separation by optimizing the electric potential
Authors: Oiler A. P. , Usmanov R. A. , Antonov N. N. , Gavrikov A. V. , Smirnov V. P.
Published: December 2024

The effect of the spatial distribution of electric potential on the separating properties of the plasma mass separator that operates in a configuration with crossed radial electric and longitudinal magnetic fields is studied. The single-particle approximation is used to obtain analytical expressions that connect the electric potential distribution and the angular mass spectrum. A mathematical algorithm is described that allows one to recover the distribution of electric potential from the given shape of the mass spectrum. It is shown that the local inhomogeneity of the electric potential profile allows one to achieve the deposition of mass groups in the diametrically opposite regions of the separator. Data is presented that confirms the possibility of creating experimentally both the positive and the negative local inhomogeneity of the potential. The results of this work can be used to increase the efficiency of the process of plasma mass separation of ions of different elements.
Magnetosonic solitary waves
Authors: Ignatov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The set of equations is obtained that describes the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamics of magnetosonic waves. Plane solitary waves propagating at a small angle to the guiding magnetic field have been studied. Three-dimensional spatially localized waves have been qualitatively studied.