bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Multi-Drug Targets against Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 Using the Hyperbolic Mapping of the Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Zahra Noor ul Ain , Vagiona Aimilia-Christina , Uddin Reaz , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A.
Published: September 2023

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single pathogen. On the other hand, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) makes it increasingly difficult to deal with this disease. We present the hyperbolic embedding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein interaction network (mtbPIN) of resistant strain (MTB XDR1219) to determine the biological relevance of its latent geometry. In this hypermap, proteins with similar interacting partners occupy close positions. An analysis of the hypermap of available drug targets (DTs) and their direct and intermediate interactors was used to identify potentially useful drug combinations and drug targets. We identify rpsA and rpsL as close DTs targeted by different drugs (pyrazinamide and aminoglycosides, respectively) and propose that the combination of these drugs could have a synergistic effect. We also used the hypermap to explain the effects of drugs that affect multiple DTs, for example, forcing the bacteria to deal with multiple stresses like ethambutol, which affects the synthesis of both arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan. Our strategy uncovers novel potential DTs, such as dprE1 and dnaK proteins, which interact with two close DT pairs: arabinosyltransferases (embC and embB), Ser/Thr protein kinase (pknB) and RNA polymerase (rpoB), respectively. Our approach provides mechanistic explanations for existing drugs and suggests new DTs. This strategy can also be applied to the study of other resistant strains.
Antifungal Efficacy of Antimicrobial Peptide Octominin II against Candida albicans
Authors: Jayasinghe J. N. C. , Whang Ilson , De Zoysa Mahanama
Published: September 2023

Most clinically isolated Candida albicans strains are drug-resistant, emphasizing the urgent need to discover alternative therapies. In this study, the previously characterized Octominin was modified into a shorter peptide with an 18 amino acid sequence (1GWLIRGAIHAGKAIHGLI18) and named Octominin II. The secondary structure of Octominin II is a random coil with a helical turn and a positive charge (+2.46) with a hydrophobic ratio of 0.46. Octominin II inhibited C. albicans, C. auris, and C. glabrata with minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations against C. albicans of 80 and 120 µg/mL, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that Octominin II treatment caused ultra-structural changes in C. albicans cells. Furthermore, membrane permeability results for the fluorescent indicator propidium iodide revealed modifications in cell wall integrity in Octominin II-treated C. albicans. Octominin II treatment increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans. Gene expression studies revealed that Octominin II suppresses virulence genes of C. albicans such as CDR1, TUP1, AGE3, GSC1, SAP2, and SAP9. In addition, a nucleic acid binding assay revealed that Octominin II degraded genomic DNA and total RNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Octominin II inhibited and eradicated C. albicans biofilm formation. Octominin II showed relatively less cytotoxicity on raw 264.7 cells (0–200 µg/mL) and hemolysis activity on murine erythrocytes (6.25–100 µg/mL). In vivo studies confirmed that Octominin II reduced the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Overall, the data suggests that Octominin II inhibits C. albicans by employing different modes of action and can be a promising candidate for controlling multidrug-resistant Candida infections.
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Supplementation in In Vitro Culture of Indicine Bovine Embryos: Molecular and Cellular Effects on the In Vitro Cryotolerance
Authors: Pioltine Elisa Mariano , Costa Camila Bortoliero , Franchi Fernanda Fagali , dos Santos Priscila Helena , Nogueira Marcelo Fábio Gouveia
Published: September 2023

During embryo development, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as an important site for protein biosynthesis; however, in vitro culture (IVC) can negatively affect ER homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, in the IVC of bovine embryos. Two experiments were carried out: Exp. 1: an evaluation of blastocyst rate, hatching kinetics, and gene expression of hatched embryos after being treated with different concentrations of TUDCA (50, 200, or 1000 μM) in the IVC; Exp. 2: an evaluation of the re-expansion, hatching, and gene expression of hatched embryos previously treated with 200 µM of TUDCA at IVC and submitted to vitrification. There was no increase in the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates treated with TUDCA in the IVC. However, embryos submitted to vitrification after treatment with 200 µM of TUDCA underwent an increased hatching rate post-warming together with a down-regulation in the expression of ER stress-related genes and the accumulation of lipids. In conclusion, this work showed that the addition of TUDCA during in vitro culture can improve the cryotolerance of the bovine blastocyst through the putative modulation of ER and oxidative stress.
Unraveling the Intricate Link: Deciphering the Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Dumitru Adrian Vasile , Stoica Evelina-Elena , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Bratu Bogdan-Gabriel , Cirstoiu Monica-Mihaela
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer represents a paramount global health challenge, warranting intensified exploration of the molecular underpinnings influencing its progression to facilitate the development of precise diagnostic instruments and customized therapeutic regimens. Historically, the Golgi apparatus has been acknowledged for its primary role in protein sorting and trafficking within cellular contexts. However, recent findings suggest a potential link between modifications in Golgi apparatus function and organization and the pathogenesis of breast cancer. This review delivers an exhaustive analysis of this correlation. Specifically, we examine the consequences of disrupted protein glycosylation, compromised protein transport, and inappropriate oncoprotein processing on breast cancer cell dynamics. Furthermore, we delve into the impacts of Golgi-mediated secretory routes on the release of pro-tumorigenic factors during the course of breast cancer evolution. Elucidating the nuanced interplay between the Golgi apparatus and breast cancer can pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions and the discovery of biomarkers, potentially enhancing the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic paradigms for afflicted patients. The advancement of such research could substantially expedite the realization of these objectives.
Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences
Authors: Mayo Kevin H.
Published: September 2023

Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions—in particular, cell adhesion and migration—as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Lei , Wang Xiaofu , Peng Cheng , Chen Xiaoyun , Wei Wei , Xu Xiaoli , Ye Gongyin , Xu Junfeng
Published: September 2023

Insects employ multifaceted strategies to combat invading fungi, with immunity being a promising mechanism. Immune pathways function in signal transduction and amplification, ultimately leading to the activation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although several studies have shown that immune pathways are responsible for defending against fungi, the roles of parasitoid immune pathways involved in antifungal responses remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the roles of the Toll and IMD pathways of a pupal parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in fighting against Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Successful colonization of B. bassiana on P. puparum adults was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AMPs were induced upon B. bassiana infection. The knockdown of key genes, PpTollA and PpIMD, in Toll and IMD signaling pathways, respectively, significantly compromised insect defense against fungal infection. The knockdown of either PpTollA or PpIMD in P. puparum dramatically promoted the proliferation of B. bassiana, resulting in a decreased survival rate and downregulated expression levels of AMPs against B. bassiana compared to controls. These data indicated that PpTollA and PpIMD participate in Toll and IMD-mediated activation of antifungal responses, respectively. In summary, this study has greatly broadened our knowledge of the parasitoid antifungal immunity against fungi.
Updated Sections and Scope of the International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB)
Authors: Sofo Adriano
Published: September 2023

The International Journal of Plant Biology is embarking on an exciting new journey as we expand our horizons and delve deeper into the multifaceted world of plant science [...]
Effects of Periodic Incoming Wakes on the Aerodynamics of a High-Speed Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade
Authors: Simonassi Loris , Lopes Gustavo , Lavagnoli Sergio
Published: September 2023

The influence of unsteady wakes incoming from the upstream stages is of high relevance in modern high-speed, low-pressure turbines (LPT) operating at transonic exit Mach numbers and low Reynolds numbers for their potential to trigger transition and influence the separation of the boundary layer on the blade suction side. The aim of this paper is the experimental characterization of the influence of incoming wakes on the 2D aerodynamics of a high-speed LPT cascade operating at a low Reynolds number and transonic exit Mach number. A detailed analysis of the status of the flow along the blade under investigation and its impact on the profile loss are presented for a range of Mach numbers from 0.70 to 0.95 and Reynolds numbers from 70k to 120k under steady and unsteady inflow conditions. Tests were conducted at on- and off-design engine realistic conditions in the VKI S-1/C wind tunnel on the SPLEEN C1 transonic cascade. The wakes incoming from an upstream blade row have been replicated using a set of rotating bars, which shed wakes at an engine-representative reduced frequency (f+=0.95) and flow coefficient (Φ=0.80). A set of densely instrumented traversable blades were used to sample the surface pressure distributions. The development of the boundary layers along the blade suction side is examined through quasi-wall shear stress obtained with surface-mounted hot-film sensors. Wake traverses were carried out downstream of the cascade with a miniaturized L-shaped five-hole probe to characterize the blade losses. The introduction of periodic incoming wakes promotes variations in the flow topology over the blade. The effect on the suction side separation bubble is shown to depend on the exit flow conditions. At low Mach numbers, the incoming wakes determine a reduction in the size of the bubble; in contrast, this effect is not registered as the exit Mach number increases. Consistently, a high dependence of the unsteady wake effect on the profile loss on the exit Reynolds and Mach numbers is demonstrated.
Using ChatGPT and Persuasive Technology for Personalized Recommendation Messages in Hotel Upselling
Authors: Remountakis Manolis , Kotis Konstantinos , Kourtzis Babis , Tsekouras George E.
Published: September 2023

Recommender systems have become indispensable tools in the hotel hospitality industry, enabling personalized and tailored experiences for guests. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, and persuasive technologies have opened new avenues for enhancing the effectiveness of those systems. This paper explores the potential of integrating ChatGPT and persuasive technologies for automating and improving hotel hospitality recommender systems. First, we delve into the capabilities of ChatGPT, which can understand and generate human-like text, enabling more accurate and context-aware recommendations. We discuss the integration of ChatGPT into recommender systems, highlighting the ability to analyze user preferences, extract valuable insights from online reviews, and generate personalized recommendations based on guest profiles. Second, we investigate the role of persuasive technology in influencing user behavior and enhancing the persuasive impact of hotel recommendations. By incorporating persuasive techniques, such as social proof, scarcity, and personalization, recommender systems can effectively influence user decision making and encourage desired actions, such as booking a specific hotel or upgrading their room. To investigate the efficacy of ChatGPT and persuasive technologies, we present pilot experiments with a case study involving a hotel recommender system. Our inhouse commercial hotel marketing platform, eXclusivi, was extended with a new software module working with ChatGPT prompts and persuasive ads created for its recommendations. In particular, we developed an intelligent advertisement (ad) copy generation tool for the hotel marketing platform. The proposed approach allows for the hotel team to target all guests in their language, leveraging the integration with the hotel’s reservation system. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of hotel hospitality by exploring the synergistic relationship between ChatGPT and persuasive technology in recommender systems, ultimately influencing guest satisfaction and hotel revenue.
Age-Specific Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Megna Rosario , Petretta Mario , Nappi Carmela , Assante Roberta , Zampella Emilia , Gaudieri Valeria , Mannarino Teresa , D’Antonio Adriana , Green Roberta , Cantoni Valeria , Panico Mariarosaria , Acampa Wanda , Cuocolo Alberto
Published: September 2023

Background: The prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors shows different age-specific patterns. It is not known whether the prognostic impact of risk factors is similarly age-specific. We evaluated the profiles of cardiovascular risk factors and their prognostic impact on coronary artery disease (CAD) in relation to age. Methods: We included 3667 patients with suspected or known CAD undergoing stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We evaluated the risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within three years from the index MPI in patients belonging to three groups according to age tertile distribution: <59, 59–68, and >68 years. Gender, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CAD, smoking, angina, dyspnea, previous CAD, and MPI outcome were assessed as risk factors by a multivariable Cox’s regression. Results: The three-year risk of MACE increased progressively with age and was 9%, 13%, and 18% for each group, respectively (p < 0.0001). Dyspnea and abnormal MPI outcome were significant risk factors for all age groups. Diabetes and smoking were significant from the age of 59 onwards, while hypertension resulted significant for patients older than 68 years. Conclusions: The number of risk factors was significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE increase with age. It is noteworthy that a personal history of CAD was not useful for risk stratification, while MPI results were.
Applications of CAD/CAM Technology for Craniofacial Implants Placement and Manufacturing of Auricular Prostheses—Systematic Review
Authors: Tanveer Waqas , Ridwan-Pramana Angela , Molinero-Mourelle Pedro , Forouzanfar Tymour
Published: September 2023

This systematic review was aimed at gathering the clinical and technical applications of CAD/CAM technology for craniofacial implant placement and processing of auricular prostheses based on clinical cases. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic data search was performed. Human clinical studies utilizing digital planning, designing, and printing systems for craniofacial implant placement and processing of auricular prostheses for prosthetic rehabilitation of auricular defects were included. Following a data search, a total of 36 clinical human studies were included, which were digitally planned and executed through various virtual software to rehabilitate auricular defects. Preoperative data were collected mainly through computed tomography scans (CT scans) (55 cases); meanwhile, the most common laser scanners were the 3dMDface System (3dMD LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (6 cases) and the 3 Shape scanner (3 Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) (6 cases). The most common digital design software are Mimics Software (Mimics Innovation Suite, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium) (18 cases), Freeform software (Freeform, NC, USA) (13 cases), and 3 Shape software (3 Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) (12 cases). Surgical templates were designed and utilized in 35 cases to place 88 craniofacial implants in auricular defect areas. The most common craniofacial implants were Vistafix craniofacial implants (Entific Medical Systems, Goteborg, Sweden) in 22 cases. A surgical navigation system was used to place 20 craniofacial implants in the mastoid bone. Digital applications of CAD/CAM technology include, but are not limited to, study models, mirrored replicas of intact ears, molds, retentive attachments, customized implants, substructures, and silicone prostheses. The included studies demonstrated a predictable clinical outcome, reduced the patient’s visits, and completed the prosthetic rehabilitation in reasonable time and at reasonable cost. However, equipment costs and trained technical staff were highlighted as possible limitations to the use of CAD/CAM systems.
Moyamoya Disease: Clinical and Radiological Characteristics in Adult Greek Patients
Authors: Vassilopoulou Sofia , Tountopoulou Argyro , Korompoki Eleni , Papageorgiou Georgios , Kasselimis Dimitrios , Velonakis Georgios , Chatziioannou Achilles , Potagas Constantin , Spengos Konstantinos
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose: The aim of our study is to present, for the first time, the clinical, radiological, and neurocognitive characteristics of Greek adult patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data of 12 patients referred to our department from 2004 to 2019. All patients underwent a thorough diagnostic work up, including extensive clinical, neuroradiological, and neurocognitive assessment. Results: Our study population consisted of 7 females and the median age at the time of the diagnosis was 43.5 years. No patient had a positive family history of the disease and roughly 50% were hypertensives. Ten patients presented with transient or permanent cerebrovascular ischemia and two patients suffered from hemorrhagic complications. The median NIHSS was 7.5 (0–23) and clinical status remained stable during follow-up with conservative treatment in most of the patients. The majority (83.3%) had bilateral disease confirmed by DSA. All lesions exclusively affected the anterior circulation, with 50% of patients presenting with stenoocclusive changes. No aneurysm or AVM were revealed. The most common neurocognitive deficits were in the executive and language domains. Conclusions: Our MMD patients had a later onset of the disease and an absence of familial occurrence. The most common manifestation was ischemia, transient or permanent, and all lesions affected the anterior circulation, whereas no vascular malformations (AVM, aneurysms) were demonstrated in brain imaging. These findings in Greek patients imply a probable different, Mediterranean phenotype.
Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aktas Gulali
Published: September 2023

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications. The study cohort consisted of T2DM patients and healthy volunteers. The general characteristics, laboratory data, and PNI of the T2DM and control groups were compared. We further compared the PNI levels of the diabetic patients, with and without diabetic microvascular complications. The PNI levels of the T2DM patients and the control group were 51.6 (30.1–73.8)% and 64.8 (49.4–76)%, respectively (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the PNI was lower in the diabetic subjects with diabetic microvascular complications than in the diabetic patients without microvascular complications (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p < 0.001), and in patients with diabetic neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we assert that assessing the PNI may yield additional diagnostic value in regards to the timely determination of diabetic microvascular complications.
Hemodynamic and Hydrodynamic Pathophysiology in Chiari Type 1 Malformations: Towards Understanding the Genesis of Syrinx
Authors: Capel Cyrille , Lantonkpode Romaric , Metanbou Serge , Peltier Johann , Balédent Olivier
Published: September 2023

Background: The pathophysiology of this association of type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) and syrinxes is still unknown. There is an alteration in the dynamics of neurofluids (cerebrospinal fluid, arterial and venous blood) during the cardiac cycle in CM1. Our objective is to quantify CSF or arterial blood or venous blood flow in patients with Chiari syndrome (CS) with and without syrinxes using phase-contrast MRI (PCMRI). Methods: We included 28 patients with CM1 (9 with syrinxes, 19 without). Morphological MRI with complementary PCMRI sequences was performed. We analyzed intraventricular CSF, subarachnoid spaces CSF, blood, and tonsillar pulsatility. Results: There is a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between cerebral blood flow, cerebral vascular expansion volume and venous drainage distribution. Venous drainage distribution is significantly inversely correlated with oscillatory CSF volume at the level of the foramen magnum plane [−0.37 (0.04)] and not significantly correlated at the C2C3 level [−0.37 (0.05)] over our entire population. This correlation maintained the same trend in patients with syrinxes [−0.80 (<0.01)] and disappeared in patients without a syrinx [−0.05 (0.81)]. Conclusion: The distribution of venous drainage is an important factor in intracranial homeostasis. Impaired venous drainage would lead to greater involvement of the CSF in compensating for arterial blood influx, thus contributing to syrinx genesis.
Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Oxidant–Antioxidant Imbalance in Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ptaszek Bartłomiej , Podsiadło Szymon , Adamiak Justyna , Marchewka Jakub , Tota Łukasz , Teległów Aneta
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to investigate whether 20 whole-body cryotherapy treatments have an effect on oxidative–antioxidant imbalances in women with multiple sclerosis. Fifty women aged 30–55 were examined: study group—15 women with multiple sclerosis, subjected to whole-body cryotherapy; first control group—20 women with multiple sclerosis who did not receive cryotherapy intervention; second control group—15 healthy women who participated in cryotherapy treatments. Blood from the examined women was collected twice (before and after the series of 20 cryotherapy sessions). An insignificant increase in the total antioxidant capacity (study group: p = 0.706; second control group: p = 0.602) was observed after the whole-body cryotherapy intervention. After the series of cryotherapy sessions, the total oxidative status/total oxidative capacity value was insignificantly decreased among the multiple sclerosis patients (decrease by 14.03%, p = 0.495). In women with multiple sclerosis, no significant cryotherapy impact was demonstrated on changes in the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance or concentrations of nitric oxide, uric acid, or matrix metalloproteinase-9.
Deep Learning-Based Detection of Bone Tumors around the Knee in X-rays of Children
Authors: Breden Sebastian , Hinterwimmer Florian , Consalvo Sarah , Neumann Jan , Knebel Carolin , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Burgkart Rainer H. , Lenze Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Even though tumors in children are rare, they cause the second most deaths under the age of 18 years. More often than in other age groups, underage patients suffer from malignancies of the bones, and these mostly occur in the area around the knee. One problem in the treatment is the early detection of bone tumors, especially on X-rays. The rarity and non-specific clinical symptoms further prolong the time to diagnosis. Nevertheless, an early diagnosis is crucial and can facilitate the treatment and therefore improve the prognosis of affected children. A new approach to evaluating X-ray images using artificial intelligence may facilitate the detection of suspicious lesions and, hence, accelerate the referral to a specialized center. We implemented a Vision Transformer model for image classification of healthy and pathological X-rays. To tackle the limited amount of data, we used a pretrained model and implemented extensive data augmentation. Discrete parameters were described by incidence and percentage ratio and continuous parameters by median, standard deviation and variance. For the evaluation of the model accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were computed. The two-entity classification of the healthy control group and the pathological group resulted in a cross-validated accuracy of 89.1%, a sensitivity of 82.2% and a specificity of 93.2% for test groups. Grad-CAMs were created to ensure the plausibility of the predictions. The proposed approach, using state-of-the-art deep learning methodology to detect bone tumors on knee X-rays of children has achieved very good results. With further improvement of the algorithm, enlargement of the dataset and removal of potential biases, this could become a useful additional tool, especially to support general practitioners for early, accurate and specific diagnosis of bone lesions in young patients.
Optimizing Straw-Rotting Cultivation for Sustainable Edible Mushroom Production: Composting Spent Mushroom Substrate with Straw Additions
Authors: Ma Yongsheng , Liu Lingyun , Zhou Xiaoyan , Tian Tian , Xu Shuai , Li Dan , Li Changtian , Li Yu
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the optimization of straw-rotting formulations for cultivating edible mushrooms and the management of the resulting spent mushroom substrate have emerged as new challenges. This study aimed to investigate the composting of spent mushroom substrate produced from mushroom cultivation with various straw additions, under conditions where chicken manure was also used. Parameters measured during the composting process included temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), germination index (GI), moisture, and total nitrogen content. Additionally, changes in nutrient content within the compost piles before and after composting were determined, and the variations in bacterial and fungal communities across different treatments before and after composting were analyzed using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. The results indicated that the spent mushroom substrate produced by adding 20% straw during mushroom cultivation was more suitable for composting treatment. The findings suggest that incorporating an appropriate amount of straw in mushroom cultivation can facilitate subsequent composting of spent mushroom substrate, providing an effective strategy for both environmental protection and cost reduction.
The Effect of Employee Involvement in Strategic Change on the Performance of Insurance Companies in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chummun Bibi Zaheenah , Nleya Lizanani
Published: September 2023

Due to rapid technological advancements and intense competition, organizations must find new ways to do business. As a result, changes in an organization’s structures, systems, and strategies are now a pre-requisite to survive the competition. Involving employees in strategic change programmes will harness ideas that enhance competitive advantage and organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to inform industry executives, especially in insurance companies, that employees are crucial resources that must be valued for their contribution to the survival of the organization. A total of 115 respondents were surveyed using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire in a quantitative research approach. This study employed the multiple regression method to test the effect of five employee involvement constructs on organizational performance using IBM SPSS V28 software. All five constructs, that is, participation in decision-making, teamwork, communication, creativity, and innovation, significantly affected the performance of insurance companies in Zimbabwe. This study’s findings will convince top managerial leaders of the insurance industry to acknowledge and appreciate the importance of involving employees in strategic change programmes. Furthermore, industry regulatory authorities can promote policies and practices that involve employees in decision-making.
Discussion on the Optimization Method of Public Service Facility Layout from the Perspective of Spatial Equity: A Study Based on the Central City of Shanghai
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: September 2023

Equity is one of the fundamental principles in the planning of public service facilities. In recent years, many cities have started to promote the construction of 15 min community living circles with the aim of providing residents with more equitable access to basic public services. Based on this background, this study explores an equity-oriented spatial quantitative analysis method to assist in the planning of public service facility layouts. The node centrality measurement index, such as betweenness from spatial syntax and social network analysis is introduced into the analysis method in order to consider the potential activity paths and flows of people at the community scale. Selecting the central city of Shanghai as a case study, the research presents results regarding spatial equity based on the relationship between public service demand and public service facilities supply. Building on this foundation, various approaches to enhancing equity are discussed: (1) optimizing the layout of public service facilities; (2) optimizing residential spatial patterns; and (3) optimizing pedestrian transportation networks.
Metabolic and Bariatric Endoscopy: A Mini-Review
Authors: Norton Benjamin Charles , Telese Andrea , Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Aslam Nasar , Makaronidis Janine , Murray Charles , Haidry Rehan
Published: September 2023

We are currently in a worldwide obesity pandemic, which is one of the most significant health problems of the 21st century. As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, new and innovate treatments are becoming available. Metabolic and bariatric endoscopic procedures are exciting new areas of gastroenterology that have been developed as a direct response to the obesity crisis. These novel interventions offer a potentially reversible, less invasive, safer, and more cost-effective method of tackling obesity compared to traditional bariatric surgery. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatments are not entirely novel, but as technology has rapidly improved, many of the procedures have been proven to be extremely effective for weight loss and metabolic health, based on high-quality clinical trial data. This mini-review examines the existing evidence for the most prominent metabolic and bariatric procedures, followed by a discussion on the future trajectory of this emerging subspecialty.
Oil-Sealing Performance Evaluation of Labyrinth Seal Using Combined Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Park Won Man , Son Sung Man , Choi Dae Kyung , Lee Hong Guk , Choi Choengryul
Published: September 2023

Mechanical seals, such as labyrinth seals, are typically installed at the turbine outlets to prevent oil leakage. However, these seals undergo deformation because of the vibrations of the rotor, even during normal turbine operating conditions, which may cause an increase in oil leakage. In this study, the oil leakage performance of three labyrinth seals with different types of seal teeth, narrow stainless teeth (Type 1), wide aluminum teeth fixed on the body (Type 2), and fixed wide aluminum movable teeth (Type 3), were evaluated using finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Three-dimensional FE models of the rotor and oil deflectors were developed, and the plastic deformation of the teeth of the labyrinth seals was predicted when the rotor impacted the sealing teeth during turbine operation. The oil leakage was predicted using CFD analysis. The results indicated that the Type 3 seal, including movable teeth, is beneficial in preventing leakage and tooth deformation compared with the other types. The Type 2 seal is advantageous because it results in a smaller increase in gap size and greater vena contracta effects than the Type 1 seal. The results of this study could be helpful when designing and selecting the teeth of a labyrinth seal.
Fatigue Performance Analysis of Welded T-Joints in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks with Ultrasonic Impact Treatment
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Huang Wenhua , Yu Banhai , Chen Zhihao , Wang Ping
Published: September 2023

This study aims to assess the effect of ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) on the exterior weld seam of S355J2 T-joints used in orthotropic steel bridge decks. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of T-joints after UIT was investigated in this study. Fatigue tests of T-joints before and after UIT were performed. The stress concentration at the interior and exterior weld toe of T-joints was considered using the traction structural stress method. The results showed that hardness increases by 10% due to the localized grain refinement caused by UIT. UIT significantly improves the fatigue life of T-joint specimens by 350% and 150% at stress ratios of 0.1 and 0.3, respectively. As the transition angle between the weld profile and the base metal profile increases, the stress concentration factor decreases.
A Theoretical and Experimental Identification with Featured Structures for Crucial Position-Independent Geometric Errors in Ultra-Precision Machining
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Shaojian
Published: September 2023

In ultra-precision machining (UPM), position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs), i.e., squareness errors, have a crucial impact upon the form accuracy of a machined surface. Accordingly, more research work has been conducted in PIGE identification, to improve the form accuracy. However, the general identification methods were developed without consideration of the specific squareness errors for crucial PIGEs under the form errors of the machining process. Therefore, a new method with featured structures was proposed, to identify crucial PIGEs in UPM. Firstly, a volumetric error model was developed for PIGEs, to discuss the relationship between squareness errors and their resulting machining form errors. Secondly, following the developed model, some featured structures have been proposed with their machining form errors, to significantly indicate crucial PIGEs. Finally, a series of UPM and measuring experiments were conducted for the featured structures, and then their machining form errors were measured and extracted with specific squareness errors for the identification of crucial PIGEs. The theoretical and experimental results revealed that the proposed method is simple and efficient with the featured structures to accurately identify crucial PIGEs in UPM. Significantly, the study offers a deep insight into high-quality fabrication in UPM.
On Edge-Primitive Graphs of Order as a Product of Two Distinct Primes
Authors: Xiao Renbing , Zhang Xiaojiao , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2023

A graph is edge-primitive if its automorphism group acts primitively on the edge set of the graph. Edge-primitive graphs form an important subclass of symmetric graphs. In this paper, edge-primitive graphs of order as a product of two distinct primes are completely determined. This depends on non-abelian simple groups with a subgroup of index pq being classified, where p>q are odd primes.
Integration of Differential Equations by C∞-Structures
Authors: Pan-Collantes Antonio Jesús , Muriel Concepción , Ruiz Adrián
Published: September 2023

Several integrability problems of differential equations are addressed using the concept of a C∞-structure, a recent generalization of the notion of solvable structure. Specifically, the integration procedure associated with C∞-structures is used to integrate a Lotka–Volterra model and several differential equations that lack sufficient Lie point symmetries and cannot be solved using conventional methods.
Nonparametric Estimation for High-Dimensional Space Models Based on a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Jin Xiao , Wang Jianian , Hao Hongxia
Published: September 2023

With high dimensionality and dependence in spatial data, traditional parametric methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality problem. The theoretical properties of deep neural network estimation methods for high-dimensional spatial models with dependence and heterogeneity have been investigated only in a few studies. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network with a ReLU activation function to estimate unknown trend components, considering both spatial dependence and heterogeneity. We prove the compatibility of the estimated components under spatial dependence conditions and provide an upper bound for the mean squared error (MSE). Simulations and empirical studies demonstrate that the convergence speed of neural network methods is significantly better than that of local linear methods.
Validation of HiG-Flow Software for Simulating Two-Phase Flows with a 3D Geometric Volume of Fluid Algorithm
Authors: Silva Aquisson T. G. da , Fernandes Célio , Organista Juniormar , Souza Leandro , Castelo Antonio
Published: September 2023

This study reports the development of a numerical method to simulate two-phase flows of Newtonian fluids that are incompressible, immiscible, and isothermal. The interface in the simulation is located and reconstructed using the geometric volume of fluid (VOF) method. The implementation of the piecewise-linear interface calculation (PLIC) scheme of the VOF method is performed to solve the three-dimensional (3D) interface transport during the dynamics of two-phase flows. In this method, the interface is approximated by a line segment in each interfacial cell. The balance of forces at the interface is accounted for using the continuum interfacial force (CSF) model. To solve the Navier–Stokes equations, meshless finite difference schemes from the HiG-Flow computational fluid dynamics software are employed. The 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm is used to simulate several benchmark two-phase flows for the purpose of validating the numerical implementation. First, the performance of the PLIC implementation is evaluated by conducting two standard advection numerical tests: the 3D shearing flow test and the 3D deforming field test. Good agreement is obtained for the 3D interface shape using both the 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm and those found in the scientific literature, specifically, the piecewise-constant flux surface calculation, the volume of fluid method implemented in OpenFOAM, and the high-order finite-element software FEEL. In addition, the absolute error of the volume tracking advection calculation obtained by our 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm is found to be smaller than the one found in the scientific literature for both the 3D shearing and 3D deforming flow tests. The volume fraction conservation absolute errors obtained using our algorithm are 4.48×10−5 and 9.41×10−6 for both shearing and deforming flow tests, respectively, being two orders lower than the results presented in the scientific literature at the same level of mesh refinement. Lastly, the 3D bubble rising problem is simulated for different fluid densities (ρ1/ρ2=10 and ρ1/ρ2=1000) and viscosity ratios (μ1/μ2=10 and μ1/μ2=100). Again, good agreement is obtained for the 3D interface shape using both the newly implemented algorithm and OpenFOAM, DROPS, and NaSt3D software. The 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm predicted a stable ellipsoidal droplet shape for ρ1/ρ2=10 and μ1/μ2=10, and a stable cap shape for ρ1/ρ2=1000 and μ1/μ2=100. The bubble’s rise velocity and evolution of the bubble’s center of mass are also computed with the 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm and found to be in agreement with those software. The rise velocity of the droplet for both the ellipsoidal and cap flow regime’s is found, in the initial stages of the simulation, to gradually increase from its initial value of zero to a maximum magnitude; then, the steady-state velocity of the droplet decreases, being more accentuated for the cap regime.
On Erdélyi–Kober Fractional Operator and Quadratic Integral Equations in Orlicz Spaces
Authors: Metwali Mohamed M. A. , Alsallami Shami A. M.
Published: September 2023

We provide and prove some new fundamental properties of the Erdélyi–Kober (EK) fractional operator, including monotonicity, boundedness, acting, and continuity in both Lebesgue spaces (Lp) and Orlicz spaces (Lφ). We employ these properties with the concept of the measure of noncompactness (MNC) associated with the fixed-point hypothesis (FPT) in solving a quadratic integral equation of fractional order in Lp,p≥1 and Lφ. Finally, we provide a few examples to support our findings. Our suppositions can be successfully applied to various fractional problems.
Tariff Analysis in Automobile Insurance: Is It Time to Switch from Generalized Linear Models to Generalized Additive Models?
Authors: Díaz Martínez Zuleyka , Fernández Menéndez José , García Villalba Luis Javier
Published: September 2023

Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) are the standard tool used for pricing in the field of automobile insurance. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) are more complex and computationally intensive but allow taking into account nonlinear effects without the need to discretize the explanatory variables. In addition, they fit perfectly into the mental framework shared by actuaries and are easier to use and interpret than machine learning models, such as trees or neural networks. This work compares both the GLM and GAM approaches, using a wide sample of policies to assess their differences in terms of quality of predictions, complexity of use, and time of execution. The results show that GAMs are a powerful alternative to GLMs, particularly when “big data” implementations of GAMs are used.
Weighty Matters: The Obesity–Thyroid Nodule Connection Unveiling the Impact of Obesity on Thyroid Cancer Risk
Authors: Alqahtani Saad M. , Altalhi Bassam A. , Alalawi Yousef S. , AlFattani Areej A. , Al-Sobhi Saif S.
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: The effect of obesity on the development/progression of thyroid nodules with uncertain cytology is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in predicting malignancy in patients with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) nodules. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 113 patients with available BMI data and final histopathology of benign or differentiated thyroid cancer. Patients were classified into four groups based on BMI: <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 (normal weight), 25–29.9 (overweight), and ≥30 (obesity) kg/m2. The association between risk of malignancy and BMI was examined for all data and subgroups based on nodule size, sex, and age. Results: Overall, 44.2% were obese, 36.3% were ≥45 years, and 75.4% were women. Final pathological results showed malignant nodules in 52 patients (46%) and benign nodules in 61 patients (54%) (mean age: 41 ± 11.6 vs. 39.9 ± 11.7 years; p = 0.62). Men had more malignant nodules than benign nodules (32.7% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.05). Overall, no significant correlation was identified between the risk of thyroid cancer and BMI, and the risk of malignancy was not significantly different between obese men and women (p = 0.4). However, in individuals with BMI < 30 kg/m2 (non-obese group), malignant nodules were more frequent in men than in women (71% vs. 41%, p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in mean nodule size between the benign and malignant groups. Furthermore, BMI was not related to increased risk of malignancy in multiple logistic regression models using all data, even after controlling for confounding variables (odds ratio, 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.06, p = 0.87) or when stratifying by sex. Conclusions: Our study showed no correlation between obesity and thyroid cancer in patients with AUS/FLUS. Moreover, men had more malignant nodules than benign nodules. Further well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
Gas-Atomized Nickel Silicide Powders Alloyed with Molybdenum, Cobalt, Titanium, Boron, and Vanadium for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad , Du Qiang , Hovig Even Wilberg , Grasmo Geir , Hulme Christopher , Aune Ragnhild E.
Published: September 2023

Nickel silicides (NiSi) are renowned for their ability to withstand high temperatures and resist oxidation and corrosion in challenging environments. As a result, these alloys have garnered interest for potential applications in turbine blades and underwater settings. However, their high brittleness is a constant obstacle that hinders their use in producing larger parts. A literature review has revealed that incorporating trace amounts of transition metals can enhance the ductility of silicides. Consequently, the present study aims to create NiSi-based powders with the addition of titanium (Ti), boron (B), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) for Additive Manufacturing (AM) through the process of gas atomization. The study comprehensively assesses the microstructure, phase composition, thermal properties, and surface morphology of the produced powder particles, specifically NiSi11.9Co3.4, NiSi10.15V4.85, NiSi11.2Mo1.8, and Ni-Si10.78Ti1.84B0.1. Commonly used analytical techniques (SEM, EDS, XRD, DSC, and laser diffraction) are used to identify the alloy configuration that offers optimal characteristics for AM applications. The results show spherical particles within the size range of 20–63 μm, and only isolated satellites were observed to exist in the produced powders, securing their smooth flow during AM processing.