bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jobs, Housing, and Mask Wearing: Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: van den Broek-Altenburg Eline M , Atherly Adam J , Diehl Sean A , Gleason Kelsey M , Hart Victoria C , MacLean Charles D , Barkhuff Daniel A , Levine Mark A , Carney Jan K
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Many studies have focused on the characteristics of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 and clinical risk factors. This study reports the prevalence of COVID-19 in an asymptomatic population of a hospital service area (HSA) and identifies factors that affect exposure to the virus.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 in an HSA, identify factors that may increase or decrease the risk of infection, and analyze factors that increase the number of daily contacts.

METHODS

This study surveyed 1694 patients between April 30 and May 13, 2020, about their work and living situations, income, behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, and prepandemic health characteristics. This data was linked to testing data for 454 of these patients, including polymerase chain reaction test results and two different serologic assays. Positivity rate was used to calculate approximate prevalence, hospitalization rate, and infection fatality rate (IFR). Survey data was used to analyze risk factors, including the number of contacts reported by study participants. The data was also used to identify factors increasing the number of daily contacts, such as mask wearing and living environment.

RESULTS

We found a positivity rate of 2.2%, a hospitalization rate of 1.2%, and an adjusted IFR of 0.55%. A higher number of daily contacts with adults and older adults increases the probability of becoming infected. Occupation, living in an apartment versus a house, and wearing a face mask outside work increased the number of daily contacts.

CONCLUSIONS

Studying prevalence in an asymptomatic population revealed estimates of unreported COVID-19 cases. Occupational, living situation, and behavioral data about COVID-19–protective behaviors such as wearing a mask may aid in the identification of nonclinical factors affecting the number of daily contacts, which may increase SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
Areas of Interest and Attitudes Toward Antiobesity Drugs: Thematic and Quantitative Analysis Using Twitter (Preprint)
Authors: Alvarez-Mon Miguel Angel , Llavero-Valero Maria , Asunsolo del Barco Angel , Zaragozá Cristina , Ortega Miguel A , Lahera Guillermo , Quintero Javier , Alvarez-Mon Melchor
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Antiobesity drugs are prescribed for the treatment of obesity in conjunction with healthy eating, physical activity, and behavior modification. However, poor adherence rates have been reported. Attitudes or beliefs toward medications are important to ascertain because they may be associated with patient behavior. The analysis of tweets has become a tool for health research.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the content and key metrics of tweets referring to antiobesity drugs.

METHODS

In this observational quantitative and qualitative study, we focused on tweets containing hashtags related to antiobesity drugs between September 20, 2019, and October 31, 2019. Tweets were first classified according to whether they described medical issues or not. Tweets with medical content were classified according to the topic they referred to: side effects, efficacy, or adherence. We additionally rated it as positive or negative. Furthermore, we classified any links included within a tweet as either scientific or nonscientific. Finally, the number of retweets generated as well as the dissemination and sentiment score obtained by the antiobesity drugs analyzed were also measured.

RESULTS

We analyzed a total of 2045 tweets, 945 of which were excluded according to the criteria of the study. Finally, 320 out of the 1,100 remaining tweets were also excluded because their content, although related to drugs for obesity treatment, did not address the efficacy, side effects, or adherence to medication. Liraglutide and semaglutide accumulated the majority of tweets (682/780, 87.4%). Notably, the content that generated the highest frequency of tweets was related to treatment efficacy, with liraglutide-, semaglutide-, and lorcaserin-related tweets accumulating the highest proportion of positive consideration. We found the highest percentages of tweets with scientific links in those posts related to liraglutide and semaglutide. Semaglutide-related tweets obtained the highest probability of likes and were the most disseminated within the Twitter community.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis of posted tweets related to antiobesity drugs shows that the interest, beliefs, and experiences regarding these pharmacological treatments are heterogeneous. The efficacy of the treatment accounts for the majority of interest among Twitter users.
Early Release Estimates for SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Antibody Response: Interim Weighting for Probability-Based Sample Surveys (Preprint)
Authors: Bradley Heather , Fahimi Mansour , Sanchez Travis , Lopman Ben , Frankel Martin , Kelley Colleen , Rothenberg Richard , Siegler Aaron J , Sullivan Patrick S
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Many months into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, basic epidemiologic parameters describing burden of disease are lacking. To reduce selection bias in current burden of disease estimates derived from diagnostic testing data or serologic testing in convenience samples, we are conducting a national probability-based sample SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey. Sampling from a national address-based frame and using mailed recruitment materials and test kits will allow us to estimate national prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibodies, overall and by demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Data will be weighted for unequal selection probabilities and non-response and will be adjusted to population benchmarks. Due to the urgent need for these estimates, expedited interim weighting of serosurvey responses will be undertaken to produce early release estimates, which will be published on the study website, COVIDVu.org. Here, we describe a process for computing interim survey weights and guidelines for release of interim estimates.
A Brazilian Cohort of Patients With Immuno-Mediated Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Infected by SARS-CoV-2 (ReumaCoV-Brasil Registry): Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Marques Claudia , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Gomides Ana Paula Monteiro , Paiva Eduardo Dos Santos , dos Reis Neto Edgard Torres , Pileggi Gecilmara Cristina Salviato , Provenza José Roberto , Mota Licia , Xavier Ricardo Machado , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida , Pinheiro Marcelo Medeiros
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) are at increased risk of infections, including significant morbidity and high mortality. Considering the potential for unfavorable outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IMRD, several questions were raised regarding the impact of COVID-19 at the start of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents the protocol of a study that aims to prospectively evaluate patients with IMRD and a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (using criteria provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health).

METHODS

The study comprised a prospective, observational cohort (patients with IMRD and COVID-19) and a comparison group (patients with only IMRD), with a follow-up time of 6 months to evaluate differences in health outcomes. The primary outcomes will be changes in IMRD disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection at 4 time points: (1) at baseline, (2) within 4-6 weeks after infection, (3) at 3 months after the second assessment (±15 days), and (4) at 6 months (±15 days). The secondary outcomes will be the progression rate to moderate or severe forms of COVID-19, need for intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation, death, and therapeutic changes related to IMRD. Two outcomes—pulmonary and thromboembolic events in patients with both IMRD and SARS-CoV-2 infection—are of particular interest and will be monitored with close attention (clinical, laboratory, and function tests as well as imaging).

RESULTS

Recruitment opened in May 2020, with 1300 participants recruited from 43 sites as of November 2020. Patient recruitment will conclude by the end of December 2020, with follow-up occurring until April 2021. Data analysis is scheduled to start after all inclusion data have been collected, with an aim to publish a peer-reviewed paper in December 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

We believe this study will provide clinically relevant data on the general impact of COVID-19 on patients with IMRD.

CLINICALTRIAL

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-33YTQC; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-33ytqc/

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24357
Does Institutional Ownership and Bank Monitoring Affect Agency Conflicts? Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Ariyono Bagus Dwi , Setiyono Bowo
Published: September 2020

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the effect of institutional ownership, proxied by government and private ownership, and bank monitoring on agency conflicts. Background Problems: The previous literature focused on agency conflicts, particularly those between managers and shareholders in developed markets, with much less evidence being presented from emerging ones. Novelty: We consider the role of creditors (the banks) in mitigating agency conflicts, and the managers’ irresponsible behavior, which in previous studies has been largely under-elaborated. Research Methods: Using 1,525 observations of 305 non-financial companies that were listed in the 2011-2015 period, we employ the generalized least squares method to deal with potential econometric concern such as autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. Finding/Results: We find that institutional ownership and bank monitoring, proxied by the number of banks and the share of their loans, are negatively related to agency conflicts. Conclusion: Banks and institutional ownership lead to lower agency conflicts. However, one should mitigate free-rider problems emanated from these relationships.
PELATIHAN TATA RIAS DAN BUSANA UNTUK GURU DAN SISWA TK NASYIATUL AISYIYAH MUNGKA, KEC. MUNGKA, KAB. 50 KOTA
Authors: Maryelliwati Maryelliwati
Published: September 2020

Providing cosmetology and fashion training for teachers and TK Nasyatul Aisyiyah  students is a form of Higher Education Tri Dharma conducted. Makeup and fashion training is a form of training that is useful for teachers to provide methods of dressing and dressing both in everyday life, beautiful and stout, and so forth. Whereas for students is to describe or introduce how to dress and make up that is good and reasonable. The expected outcome of this dedication is that teachers and students are able to teach and understand and understand what kind of dressing and good dress is.
EVEKTIFITAS PEMANFAATAN LABORATORIUM BIOLOGI STKIP PGRI SUMATERA BARAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA MAN 1 PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Yuhendri Rival
Published: September 2020

Biology laboratory has an important role in the learning process. One of them is to train students' skills in understanding the biological material they have learned in class. STKIP biology laboratory PGRI West Sumatra consists of basic laboratories, botanical laboratories and zoology laboratories and hospitals. Where each laboratory has different specifics, basic laboratories that lead more to general subjects are mediocre in general biology, basic chemistry and others. While in the botany laboratory it is more directed to the subject of plants such as plant morphology, plant anatomy, low plant taxonomy and others. While the zoology laboratory is more focused on subjects such as, animal structure, animal physiology, animal development, animal taxonomy and others. While the wire house is often used for courses in agricultural cultivation, plant physiology, plant ecology and others. MAN I Padang Pariaman School is a school that works closely with biological study programs. One form of collaboration carried out with learning to laboratories in biology study programs with the guidance of lecturers and teaching assistants. The results obtained after the learning students receive a lot of what they learn from what they have seen and they get from the lecturer.
Correlation between Diabetes Melitus Type II and knee Oosteoarthritis in Wahiddin Sudirohusodo Hospital
Authors: Merryawan Cristmos Bambang , Rasjad Chairuddin , Prihantono Prihantono , Arifin Seweng
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed to find out the correlation between Diabetes Mellitus Type II and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis in Wahiddin Sudirohusodo Makassar  Hospital.This research was a case-control conducted on outpatients in the Orthopedic Division of the Department of Surgery, Wahiddin Sudirohusodo General Hospital. There were 51 cases and 51 controls were randomly selected using secondary data from medical records in the period of May 2017 to May 2018.The results indicate that the patients have an average age of 55.15 + 8.78 years with the majority female gender of 72 people (70,6%). The patient had a mean blood sugar level of 195,84 + 83,4. Bivariate analysis between knee OA and DM type II obtained the value of Odd Ratio i.e. OR = 4.320 (95% Confidence Interval 1.791-10.425). There is a significant correlation between knee osteoarthritis and type II DM with the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (p = 0.002). Type II Diabetes Mellitus increases the risk 4 times to knee osteoarthritis OR = 4.320 (95% Confidence Interval 1.791-10.425).
Entanglement characterization using quantum designs
Authors: Ketterer Andreas , Wyderka Nikolai , Gühne Otfried
Published: September 2020

We present in detail a statistical approach for the reference-frame-independent detection and characterization of multipartite entanglement based on moments of randomly measured correlation functions. We start by discussing how the corresponding moments can be evaluated with designs, linking methods from group and entanglement theory. Then, we illustrate the strengths of the presented framework with a focus on the multipartite scenario. We discuss a condition for characterizing genuine multipartite entanglement for three qubits, and we prove criteria that allow for a discrimination of W-type entanglement for an arbitrary number of qubits.
Student-Led Adaptation of Improvement Science Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liang Sherry , Taylor Linh Nhat , Hasan Reem
Published: September 2020

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the restriction of students participating in face-to-face instruction, two medical students rapidly adapted a preclinical curriculum that virtually teaches improvement science and equips learners with the knowledge to address patient needs.
Methods: Eight first-year medical students participating in a longitudinal patient navigation and health systems science program completed 15 interactive video sessions. After learning about the Model for Improvement and various quality improvement tools, students worked in teams of four to conduct several plan-do-study-act cycles. Postsession surveys captured student satisfaction, session feedback, and reflections about conducting improvement work. Two medical students then applied conventional content analysis to identify themes to describe the data.
Results: Student projects focused on addressing patients’ health care and social resource needs through telephone and electronic interactions. Five themes were identified in the survey results: (1) learning by doing in the dynamic nature of improvement work; (2) enjoyment of virtual team-based learning; (3) project relevance to COVID-19; (4) utility of quality improvement tools; and (5) continuous curriculum improvement with student feedback.
Conclusions: In this student-led endeavor, we implemented a virtual improvement curriculum where first-year medical students apply improvement science knowledge to patient needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results demonstrate the feasibility of teaching improvement in a virtual setting where learning is action-based with project work being relevant to health care priorities. Our work provides a framework for others to continue teaching this integral component of medical education.
Nível de Evidenciação das Empresas Potencialmente Poluidoras à Luz do CPC 25
Authors: Alves Victor Sandeje Dantas , Rêgo Thaiseany de Freitas
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva analisar qual a relação entre a evidenciação das provisões e passivos contingentes, com o endividamento das empresas potencialmente poluidoras, no período de 2007 a 2011.

Fundamento: As provisões e passivos contingentes, consideram a renúncia de prováveis benefícios econômicos futuros, que advém de obrigações presentes e resulta de eventos passados, cujo reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação requerem o uso de bases confiáveis.

Método: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, que se fundamenta na apuração dos saldos das contas de provisões e passivos contingentes de natureza ambiental, bem como nos índices de endividamento, no período de 2007 a 2011, das empresas potencialmente poluidoras e que possuem registro no Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). Paralelamente, também foi necessário identificar o nível de evidenciação dos referidos itens antes e após o Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 25.

Resultados: Os dados indicam que as empresas pesquisadas ampliaram a divulgação de itens relacionados as provisões e passivos contingentes, principalmente, no que concerne as obrigações de longo prazo, sendo as notas explicativas o relatório que congrega o maior número de dados sobre a temática. Também é possível observar que as empresas que apresentam maior nível de evidenciação são aquelas que dispõem de menores índices de endividamento.

Contribuições: A investigação apontou que apesar da normatização, não se percebe uma mudança significativa no endividamento das empresas potencialmente poluidoras, com a inserção do Pronunciamento técnico CPC 25 e que as informações divulgadas carecem de maior aprofundamento.
Efeitos da Regulação da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) sobre a Distribuição de Resultados em Operadoras de Planos de Saúde
Authors: Avelar Ewerton Alex , Souza Adriana Saraiva , Ferreira Caroline Garonce , Silva Sabrina Amélia de Lima e , Souza Antônio Artur de
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que visou analisar os efeitos da regulação da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) sobre a distribuição de resultados em operadoras de planos de saúde (OPS) das modalidades de cooperativa médica (COM) e medicina de grupo (MDG), por meio de dados secundários (financeiros e operacionais), coletados junto à ANS entre 2010 e 2016. Foram utilizadas para análise de dados: estatística descritiva e análise de regressão com dados em painel. Constatou-se que as OPS, classificadas como MDG, distribuíram maior porção média de seus resultados em relação às cooperativas médicas. Ambos os modelos estimados apresentaram alto poder explicativo, indicando uma adequabilidade das variáveis tradicionais para a explicação do fenômeno. Ademais, diversas variáveis de controle foram significantes nos modelos das duas modalidades. Em relação às variáveis de regulação, observou-se que a região de atuação das OPS foi a principal variável determinante na distribuição de resultados. Nesse caso, ambas as modalidades que não tinham acesso a centros com maior número de beneficiários e poder aquisitivo, tenderam a distribuir uma menor proporção de seus resultados. A pesquisa desenvolvida apresenta as seguintes contribuições: (a) ajuda a suprir uma lacuna teórica na literatura brasileira sobre a distribuição de resultados em organizações com capital essencialmente fechado; (b) evidencia o papel da regulação de um setor como variável determinante desse fenômeno; (c) demonstra a validade de variáveis tradicionais para explicar a distribuição de resultados em OPS; e (d) propõe variáveis regulatórias para auxiliar no estudo desse fenômeno no setor de saúde suplementar.
Evidências de Ciclos Políticos no Senado Federal
Authors: Dos Santos Cesar Leonardo , Horz Vagner , Betti Frare Anderson , Costa Quintana Alexandre , Nobre Fernandez Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar como as questões políticas (primeiros anos de mandato versus últimos anos de mandato) influenciam nos gastos públicos dos senadores.

 

Fundamento: Teoria dos Ciclos Políticos como elemento para analisar a influência do Mandato Eleitoral sobre os Gastos Públicos.

 

Método: O estudo se caracteriza como descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa do problema. Apresenta-se a amostra da pesquisa com 78 senadores, dividida em dois grupos: mandato um são os senadores da legislatura 2011-2018, 2/3 do total (52), e o mandato dois são os da legislatura 2015-2022, 1/3 do total (26). Foram realizadas Análises Descritivas, Correlações de Pearson e Parciais, Teste de Levene e Teste da estatística T para duas amostras independentes (Teste de Médias).

 

Resultados: Observa-se que a maior parte dos gastos públicos analisados não demonstram diferença significativa em relação ao mandato em que os senadores estão exercendo. Apesar dos senadores que exercem o primeiro mandato apresentarem maior média de gastos, para aluguel e serviços, estes dois gastos são significativamente maiores para os senadores que atuam no segundo mandato.

 

Contribuições: No âmbito de implicações teóricas, o estudo contribui com a literatura sobre ciclos políticos, abarcando os gastos públicos com senadores brasileiros, em específico ao analisar a diferença de gastos em relação aos senadores que estão no primeiro ou segundo mandato. Sob a ótica de implicações práticas, a pesquisa espera instigar o acompanhamento social da aplicação dos recursos públicos, em especial aos gastos executados por políticos e em específico, senadores. Além do direito do cidadão, ao acompanhamento da destinação de recursos públicos.
Editorial: Advancing research on good corporate governance practices: The role of the board
Authors: Profumo Giorgia
Published: September 2020

The latest issue (volume 16, issue 2) of the journal Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition is exploring the topics of board director benchmarking information, board gender and risk-taking, board structure and firm performance, corporate veil and innovation governance. Overall, the articles in the present issue are dealing with timely topics and their results call for further research as, in some cases, they are challenging traditional corporate governance theories.
Análisis de las prácticas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el manejo de las sustancias y productos químicos cancerígenos en los laboratorios del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano- ITM: caso de estudio. laboratorios de química y construcción del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM – Campus Robledo.
Authors: Mosquera Bonilla Yiceth Carina , Narváez Bejumea José Gonzálo
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Este artículo reporta los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación y clasificación de sustancias y productos químicos catalogados como cancerígenos según la Agencia de Investigación Internacional Sobre el Cáncer (IARC) en los laboratorios de química y construcción del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano–ITM. Objetivo: Analizar las prácticas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el manejo de las sustancias y productos químicos catalogadas como cancerígenas en los laboratorios de química y construcción del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano–ITM. Materiales y métodos: para llevar a cabo la investigación, se realizó la revisión del inventario de los reactivos de los laboratorios de la institución, donde se hizo uso de la IARC para la clasificación de las sustancias y productos químicos catalogados como cancerígenos. Para determinar el tipo de cáncer que produce cada sustancia se utilizó la Tabla de Enfermedades Laborales, regulada en Colombia por el Decreto Nro.1447 de agosto 5 de 2014, divulgado por el Ministerio de Trabajo. Resultados: Dentro de los principales resultados, se encontraron en total 21 sustancias químicas catalogadas como cancerígenas, 19 en el laboratorio de química y 2 en el laboratorio de construcción de la sede Robledo, determinando a la vez el tipo de cáncer que dichas sustancias podrían desarrollar. Conclusiones: Basándose en la tabla de enfermedades laborales en Colombia, se logró determinar que las sustancias analizadas efectivamente son carcinogénicas, en donde la mayoría de las sustancias determinadas como carcinogénicas producen Neoplasia maligna de bronquios y de pulmón o lo que dicho de otro modo cáncer bronquial y cáncer de pulmón respectivamente.
Feeling GILTI: Tax Strategies for U.S. Multinational Corporations to Navigate the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Authors: Bueltel Brett L. , Duxbury Andrew
Published: September 2020

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act made significant changes to the U.S. taxation of foreign earnings. The most significant change is the 100 percent dividends-received deduction that generally applies to income earned by foreign subsidiaries. This represents a shift from U.S. tax deferral to U.S. tax exemption of foreign profits, which increases the potential benefit to shifting U.S. income to low-tax foreign jurisdictions. To limit this potential income shifting, Congress enacted new rules, known as GILTI, to supplement the already existing Subpart F rules. In this article, we briefly review the history of U.S. international tax policy and analyze the technical aspects of GILTI. We then discuss some general tax planning strategies and propose four specific tax strategies for companies to consider for minimizing the increased tax burden associated with GILTI. Last, we consider whether GILTI is good tax policy and make recommendations to improve the legislation.
COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusion of Two Diseases
Authors: Feldman Eva L. , Savelieff Masha G. , Hayek Salim S. , Pennathur Subramaniam , Kretzler Matthias , Pop-Busui Rodica
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected >22.7 million and led to the deaths of 795,000 people worldwide. Patients with diabetes are highly susceptible to COVID-19–induced adverse outcomes and complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is superimposing on the preexisting diabetes pandemic to create large and significantly vulnerable populations of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. This article provides an overview of the clinical evidence on the poorer clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes versus patients without diabetes, including in specific patient populations, such as children, pregnant women, and racial and ethnic minorities. It also draws parallels between COVID-19 and diabetes pathology and suggests that preexisting complications or pathologies in patients with diabetes might aggravate infection course. Finally, this article outlines the prospects for long-term sequelae after COVID-19 for vulnerable populations of patients with diabetes.
A Decade of Disparities in Diabetes Technology Use and HbA1c in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Transatlantic Comparison
Authors: Addala Ananta , Auzanneau Marie , Miller Kellee , Maier Werner , Foster Nicole , Kapellen Thomas , Walker Ashby , Rosenbauer Joachim , Maahs David M. , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

As diabetes technology use in youth increases worldwide, inequalities in access may exacerbate disparities in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). We hypothesized that an increasing gap in diabetes technology use by socioeconomic status (SES) would be associated with increased HbA1c disparities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants aged <18 years with diabetes duration ≥1 year in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX, U.S., n = 16,457) and Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV, Germany, n = 39,836) registries were categorized into lowest (Q1) to highest (Q5) SES quintiles. Multiple regression analyses compared the relationship of SES quintiles with diabetes technology use and HbA1c from 2010–2012 to 2016–2018.

RESULTS

HbA1c was higher in participants with lower SES (in 2010–2012 and 2016–2018, respectively: 8.0% and 7.8% in Q1 and 7.6% and 7.5% in Q5 for DPV; 9.0% and 9.3% in Q1 and 7.8% and 8.0% in Q5 for T1DX). For DPV, the association between SES and HbA1c did not change between the two time periods, whereas for T1DX, disparities in HbA1c by SES increased significantly (P < 0.001). After adjusting for technology use, results for DPV did not change, whereas the increase in T1DX was no longer significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Although causal conclusions cannot be drawn, diabetes technology use is lowest and HbA1c is highest in those of the lowest SES quintile in the T1DX, and this difference for HbA1c broadened in the past decade. Associations of SES with technology use and HbA1c were weaker in the DPV registry.
Comparative Effectiveness of SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and Sulfonylureas on Risk of Kidney Outcomes: Emulation of a Target Trial Using Health Care Databases
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Gibson Andrew K. , McGill Janet B. , Maddukuri Geetha , Yan Yan , Al-Aly Ziyad
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the comparative effectiveness of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4), and sulfonylureas on risk of kidney outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

U.S. veterans initiated on SGLT2i (n = 18,544), GLP-1 (n = 23,711), DPP-4 (n = 39,399), or sulfonylureas (n = 134,904) were followed for up to 3 years to evaluate the risk of the composite outcome of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline >50%, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or all-cause mortality. Risks were estimated using survival models adjusted for predefined covariates as well as covariates identified by a high-dimensional variable selection algorithm through application of generalized propensity scores.

RESULTS

Compared with those treated with sulfonylureas, treatment with SGLT2i, GLP-1, and DPP-4 was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio 0.68 [95% CI 0.63, 0.74], 0.72 [0.67, 0.77], and 0.90 [0.86, 0.95], respectively). While we did not observe a statistically significant difference in risk between the SGLT2i and GLP-1 arms (0.95 [0.87, 1.04]), both SGLT2i and GLP-1 had a lower risk of the composite outcome than DPP-4 (0.76 [0.70, 0.82] and 0.79 [0.74, 0.85], respectively). Analyses by eGFR category suggested that compared with the sulfonylurea arm, those in the SGLT2i and GLP-1 arms exhibited a lower risk of the composite outcome in all eGFR categories, including eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Compared with DPP-4, both SGLT2i and GLP-1 exhibited a reduced risk of the composite outcome in eGFR <90 to ≥60, <60 to ≥45, and <45 mL/min/1.73 m2.

CONCLUSIONS

In type 2 diabetes, treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1 compared with DPP-4 or sulfonylureas was associated with a lower risk of adverse kidney outcomes.
Disparities in Text Messaging Interventions to Improve Diabetes Management in the United States
Authors: Eyler Amy A. , Gachupin Francine C. , Johnston Shelly L. , Kapp Julie M. , Parra Diana C. , Popescu Mihail
Published: September 2020

Substantial progress has been made in the development of evidence-based interventions to facilitate the management of type 2 diabetes. The increase in ownership of mobile phones has made short messaging services (SMS, or text messaging) a feasible way to enhance information delivery. The goals of this study were to 1) summarize characteristics of diabetes SMS interventions implemented in the United States and 2) identify the extent to which disadvantaged populations are represented in SMS-based diabetes management intervention studies. We conducted a literature search to identify published studies of type 2 diabetes self-management SMS interventions conducted with adults in the United States. Of the 792 articles retrieved, only 9 met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted data on the theoretical basis, recruitment, incentives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, strategies toward ensuring a racially/ethnically or income-diverse sample, text message delivery, and study duration. Sixty-three percent of the participants across the nine studies were non-white. Only two studies reported participants’ education level, and four captured non–English-speaking status. Interventions varied in offering one-way, two-way, or a combination of messaging strategies. Five studies did not describe cultural adaptations or report results separately for different cultural groups. None of the studies provided cell phones, and not having texting capability was an exclusion criterion for six studies. There is a dearth of published research on type 2 diabetes management interventions using text messaging among racially/ethnically or income-diverse populations. Future interventions should be better tailored to these target populations and include the collection of complete sociodemographic data and cell phone/smartphone availability, thereby ensuring cultural appropriateness.
Real-World Screening for Retinopathy in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Using a Nonmydriatic Fundus Camera
Authors: Zimmerman Chelsea , Bruggeman Brittany , LaPorte Amanda , Kaushal Shalesh , Stalvey Michael , Beauchamp Giovanna , Dayton Kristin , Hiers Paul , Filipp Stephanie L. , Gurka Matthew J. , Silverstein Janet H. , Jacobsen Laura M.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess the use of a portable retinal camera in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in multiple settings and the presence of associated risk factors among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Five hundred youth with type 1 diabetes of at least 1 year’s duration were recruited from clinics, diabetes camp, and a diabetes conference and underwent retinal imaging using a nonmydriatic fundus camera. Retinal characterization was performed remotely by a licensed ophthalmologist. Risk factors for DR development were evaluated by a patient-reported questionnaire and medical chart review.

RESULTS

Of the 500 recruited subjects aged 9–26 years (mean 14.9, SD 3.8), 10 cases of DR were identified (nine mild and one moderate nonproliferative DR) with 100% of images of gradable quality. The prevalence of DR was 2.04% (95% CI 0.78–3.29), at an average age of 20.2 years, with the youngest affected subject being 17.1 years of age. The rate of DR was higher, at 6.5%, with diabetes duration >10 years (95% CI 0.86–12.12, P = 0.0002). In subjects with DR, the average duration of diabetes was 12.1 years (SD 4.6, range 6.2–20.0), and in a subgroup of clinic-only subjects (n = 114), elevated blood pressure in the year before screening was associated with DR (P = 0.0068).

CONCLUSION

This study in a large cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes demonstrates that older adolescents and young adults (>17 years) with longer disease duration (>6 years) are at risk for DR development, and screening using a portable retinal camera is feasible in clinics and other locations. Recent elevated blood pressure was a risk factor in an analyzed subgroup.
En sakte forvandling. En kvalitativ studie av elevers erfaringer med å lære om psykisk helse i skolen
Authors: Klomsten Anne Torhild , Uthus Marit
Published: September 2020

Denne artikkelen belyser skoleelevers erfaringer med å lære om psykisk helse i en skolekontekst. Studien bygger på kvalitative intervju med 16 elever på 9. trinn i ungdomsskolen. Funnene viser at elever som har hatt undervisning i psykisk helse gir uttrykk for at de forstår seg selv og andre bedre. Videre forteller de om en utvidet forståelse for det som skjer på et mellommenneskelig plan, og for at de selv spiller en viktig rolle i samspill med andre mennesker. Dette er funn som viser at elever i skolen kan ha utbytte av å lære om psykisk helse som et av flere tema under den tverrfaglige paraplyen folkehelse og livsmestring.
English abstract
A slow transformation: Students’ experiences of learning about mental health in school
This article sheds light on pupils’ experiences of having mental health (EMH) as a school subject. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 16 pupils in 9th grade, secondary school. The main findings show that pupils who has studied EMH in school express that they have learned to understand themselves and others better. Furthermore, they report that they have expanded their understanding of what happens in relations between people and that that they themselves play an important part in relation to others. These are findings that show that students can benefit from learning about mental health as part of a cross-curricular subject. EMH is a theme within a new curriculum component as part of the revised national curriculum – the renewal of subjects.
Karakter, Dimensi Total Pendidikan/Character, The Total Dimension Of Education
Authors: Prayitno Prayitno
Published: September 2020

Pendidikan adalah dari, untuk dan oleh manusia. Konsep nilai-nilai kesejatian manusia menjadi dasar pendidikan, yang mengarahkan isi, proses dan hasil upaya pendidikan. Upaya pendidikan ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan yang penuh nilai-nilai karakter dengan menegakkan pilar kewibawaan yang bernuansa “sentuhan tingkat tinggi” dan pilar kewiyataan yang mempraktikkan teknologi tingkat tinggi dalam kegiatan belajar dan pembelajaran, yang secara keseluruhan mem-praktikkan strategi transformasional. Seluruh kegiatan pendidikan berisi tiga ranah pengembangan, yaitu ranah sikap (sikap sosial dan religius), pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang secara holistik dan komprehensif penuh dengan nilai-nilai karakter. Di Indonesia, nilai-nilai kesejatian manusia itu dirumuskan dalam bentuk filsafat dan ideologi bangsa dan negara, yaitu Pancasila, yang memberikan dasar dan warna bagi keseluruhan materi undang-undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia.

Education is from, for and by human being. The concept of the genuine human values becomes the basis of education, and this basis directs the contents, the process and the results of education efforts. This efforts are done in full character condition by uprighting the high touch and high tech pilars of teaching–learning process with the application of transformational strategy. The whole contensts of education consist the substancies in their three domains, i.e. attitude (social and religious attitude), knowledge and skill domains with are holistically and comprehensively full of character values. In Indonesia, the genuine human values is formulated as philosophy and ideology of nation and state, i.e. Pancasila, and gives its significant values in coloring the whole substances of Indonesian National Education System law.
ESTRATÉGIAS DOCENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS EM ESTUDANTES DE UM CURSO TÉCNICO EM QUÍMICA
Authors: Sanches Fernandes Mirele , Miskinis Salgado Tania Denise
Published: September 2020

A Educação Profissional voltada para a aquisição de competências exige a utilização de estratégias de ensino que propiciem a integração dos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias didáticas adotadas pelos docentes de um Curso Técnico em Química e de que forma elas contribuem para a construção do perfil profissional dos futuros técnicos. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados aos docentes e estudantes do 4º ano do Curso Técnico Integrado e pela análise documental do Plano do Curso. Esses dados foram analisados através da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados revelam que os docentes adotam metodologias ativas no planejamento de suas disciplinas e que os estudantes reconhecem a importância da utilização desses recursos no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, valores e competências para o exercício da cidadania e qualificação para o trabalho.
IMPRESSÕES DE ESTUDANTES SOBRE O TRABALHO COM RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS E TEMÁTICAS EM AULAS DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Alves da Silva Édila Rosane , Jappe Goi Mara Elisangela
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos a partir da implementação de uma proposta didática desenvolvida com estudantes do 3° Ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que objetivou identificar a possível influência da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de conteúdos escolares, mediada pela temática “Drogas”. A escolha do assunto faz parte de um levantamento preliminar sobre temas com relevância social para serem tralhados no ambiente escolar. Os dados produzidos – respostas a questionários e produtos das sistematizações – foram analisados por meio da Escala de Likert. A partir desta pesquisa, evidenciou-se as potencialidades do uso da Resolução de Problemas a partir da temática proposta, tais como o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas para elaboração de estratégias, reflexão crítica, exposição de argumentação, entre outras competências desenvolvidas pelos estudantes.
BOTÂNICA NO CERRADO: A AULA DE CAMPO E AS COLEÇÕES BOTÂNICAS DIDÁTICAS ASSOCIADAS AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO
Authors: Aparecido dos Santos Robson , Benedito da Silva Añez Rogério
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo teve por objetivo, avaliar as possibilidades didáticas das aulas de campo e das coleções botânicas didáticas associadas ao uso de algumas tecnologias digitais para o enriquecimento do ensino de botânica. Para tanto, foi apresentado aos estudantes de uma escola estadual de ensino médio do município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, o projeto “Botânica no Cerrado”, que permitiu por meio da realização de aulas de campo e laboratório, aliado ao uso de um grupo de WhatsApp e uso do Qr code, a ressignificação do ensino de botânica. Os alunos participantes demonstraram maior interesse pelas plantas e curiosidade pelas técnicas de campo e laboratório com o uso de métodos alternativos de ensino. Além disso, os recursos digitais utilizados permitiram atingir as expectativas dos jovens inseridos na era da internet e demonstraram ser ótimas ferramentas para auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem botânica. A coleção botânica didática construída no projeto servirá como estímulo aos demais alunos e professores de outras escolas do estado e assim poder ajudar na discussão e aprendizagem sobre a importância das plantas e seu conhecimento.
COMPREENSÕES DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS ACERCA DE CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Karine Kreuz Kelly , Andrade Leite Fabiane de
Published: September 2020

Discussões acerca do currículo na Educação Básica têm sido recorrentes no contexto atual brasileiro, em que se busca qualificar os processos de ensinar e aprender em sala de aula. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar compreensões de professores da área de Ciências da Natureza acerca de currículo escolar. Por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizou-se como objeto de investigação, estudos acadêmicos obtidos na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, que evidenciaram distintas compreensões entre os professores organizadas nas categorias de análise: compreensão conteudista-ingênuo sobre currículo escolar, compreensão curricular sob a perspectiva conteudista-crítica e currículo escolar sob uma compreensão crítico-reflexiva. A categoria compreensão conteudista-ingênuo sobre currículo escolar predominou nas pesquisas analisadas, que revelam compreensões restritas aos documentos curriculares e, ainda, evidencia dificuldades de os professores reconhecerem seu papel na construção curricular. Com o estudo, reitera-se afirmações já realizadas na literatura acadêmica, que deflagram o distanciamento entre a produção teórica acerca do currículo e a realidade das escolas.
“O POÇO”: A SOCIEDADE VERTICAL COMPARTIMENTALIZADA E A ESCOLA
Authors: Casagrande Ana Lara
Published: September 2020

Neste texto apresentamos uma interpretação acerca do filme espanhol “El hoyo”, em Língua Portuguesa: “O poço”, por meio do método fenomenológico. A personagem central, Goreng, é construída por meio de signos em uma representação dos seres humanos que se indignam com as injustiças de um sistema classista, desigual e combinado. Nessa analogia, somos convidados a refletir sobre a legitimidade das ações de força e coerção no âmbito do conflito dramático no qual estão inseridas, de construção de algo diferente à lógica estabelecida. O objeto que a personagem escolhe para acompanhá-lo na jornada é um livro, “Dom Quixote”, escrito por Miguel de Cervantes, que narra as desventuras do pequeno fidalgo castelhano que perde o juízo. Traçamos um paralelo com a sociedade neoliberal e com a escola própria deste tempo. Em uma sociedade verticalizada, a liberdade é sobreviver? Não buscamos trazer respostas de como a obra deve ser tangenciada, mas o que nos ocorreu ao imergir nela.
SABERES E SENTIDOS DOCENTES EM EXPRESSÕES ARTÍSTICAS: REFLEXÕES COLETIVAS EM UM CONTEXTO ESCOLAR INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Martins de Paiva Ribeiro Carollina , Magalhães Alves Jacqueline
Published: September 2020

No presente estudo, buscamos mobilizar e analisar reflexões de um grupo de cinco educadoras, por meio da criação e da fruição de obras artísticas sobre a interdisciplinaridade escolar. Desse modo, construímos um espaço de criação e fruição artística com as educadoras, onde cada uma elaborou um desenho que simbolizasse para si a interdisciplinaridade escolar, seguido de compartilhamentos e diálogos sobre as obras. A pesquisa foi realizada em Outubro de 2019 e, com base nos resultados obtidos, pudemos perceber que momentos coletivos de criação de obras artísticas, estimulando a liberdade de expressão e a autonomia, podem fazer parte do processo pedagógico e de desenvolvimento profissional de educadores, promovendo reflexões e diálogos pertinentes para um consequente alargamento e aprofundamento do conhecimento de si e do mundo, referenciadas no contexto escolar que fazem parte. Ademais, compreendemos que a interdisciplinaridade, nesse contexto, está fundamentada na dialogicidade, no respeito, na união e no amor existente.
UMA HISTÓRIA DA COMUNIDADE AURORA NARRADA POR SEUS SUJEITOS LOCAIS: TRADIÇÃO, CULTURA E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Marilza , Soares Alves Vaniclésia , Geronimo de Souza Wederlando , Pereira Fernandes Fernando Luís
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo socializar resultados de um trabalho acadêmico produzido no âmbito de duas disciplinas de um curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, com proposta de um estudo de natureza histórica, visando à (re)constituição da história de uma comunidade rural, nas vozes dos sujeitos locais. Para isso, contou-se com o referencial teórico-metodológico da História Oral e com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois moradores da Comunidade Aurora, município de Rio Pardo de Minas-MG. Buscou-se constituir uma versão da história da Comunidade, remontando aos seus primeiros moradores para poder compreender, em suas narrativas, os aspectos pertinentes à cultura, religião e educação daquele território. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a Comunidade Aurora, apesar de não ser reconhecida como sendo tradicional, salienta características peculiares quanto ao modo de ser e viver no campo, com implicações importantes na formação de futuros professores em Educação do Campo.