bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between glycaemic control during hospitalization and risk of adverse events: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Lan , Aibibula Wusiman , Talat Zahra , Filion Kristian B. , Eintracht Shaun , Dasgupta Kaberi , Tagalakis Vicky , Majdan Agnieszka , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Hyperglycaemia is common during hospitalization; glycaemic targets in non‐critical care settings have not been well studied. We assessed associations between inpatient glycaemic control and adverse events.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on non‐critically ill medical patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2018. Mean glycaemia during the first four days of hospitalization was categorized as 4.0–7.0 mmol/L, 7.1–10.0 mmol/L and >10.0 mmol/L. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse events including mortality, infections, acute kidney injury, thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. The secondary outcome was hypoglycaemia, defined as any glycaemia <4.0 mmol/L. Logistic regression was used to assess adverse events, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hypoglycaemia risk.

Results

Our cohort included 1,368 patients, of whom 407 (29.8%) experienced an adverse event. We did not find associations between glycaemia of 4.0–7.0 mmol/L (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–1.23) or glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.28) and the occurrence of adverse events, compared to a glycaemia of 7.1–10.0 mmol/L. Glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.21–2.45). Hypoglycaemia was associated with adverse events (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.31–2.60).

Conclusions

Neither glycaemia of 4.0–7.0 mmol/L nor glycaemia of >10.0mmol/L during non‐critical care hospitalization was associated with increased adverse events. Glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L was associated with increased hypoglycaemia, likely due to aggressive glucose lowering. These findings highlight the need for further studies to discern optimal inpatient glycaemic targets.
Transition‐Metal‐Free DMAP‐Mediated Aromatic Esterification of Amides with Organoboronic Acids
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Yanqing , Xu Kai , Zhang Yuheng , Guo Jiarui , Liu Lantao
Published: May 2021

A new, transition‐metal‐free, effective method for aromatic esterification of amides with organoboronic acids has been developed. A wide range of benzoate derivatives were obtained with yields ranging from moderate to good. The catalytic reaction shows a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Conceptually, DMAP mediates the reaction and is crucial for this transformation.
ω‐Alkenylallylboronates: Design, Synthesis, and Application to the Asymmetric Allylation/RCM Tandem Sequence
Authors: Garnes‐Portolés Francisco , Miguélez Rubén , Grayson Matthew N. , Barrio Pablo
Published: May 2021

The synthesis of allylboronates bearing an alkenyl moiety appended at a remote position is described for the first time. For that aim, the palladium‐catalyzed borylation of the corresponding allylic alcohols was used as the key step. The required allylic alcohols were in turn obtained in 3–4 step sequences. The presence of an extra alkenyl moiety at a strategic position allows the triggering of a tandem asymmetric allylation/RCM reaction sequence that efficiently affords different sized cycles featuring two consecutive stereocenters and an exocyclic alcohol function. Products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities, in most of the cases.
Regioselective Preparation of Fullerene Bis‐adducts from Cleavable Macrocyclic Bis‐malonates
Authors: Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Schillinger Franck , Guerra Sebastiano , Meichsner Eric , Nierengarten Iwona , Hahn Uwe , Holler Michel , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: May 2021

A series of macrocyclic bis‐malonates incorporating either di‐tert‐butylsilylene or tetra‐iso‐propyldisiloxane subunits have been prepared and used for the regioselective bis‐functionalization of [60]fullerene by double Bingel cyclopropanations. By systematically changing the length and the rigidity of the spacer units linking the malonate moieties to the silylated protecting groups, fullerene bis‐adducts with different addition patterns have been obtained. Finally, the bridging di‐tert‐butylsilylene groups have been cleaved to afford the corresponding acyclic fullerene bis‐adducts bearing four alcohol functions.
A Novel Molecule: 1‐(2,6 Dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridinium Chloride and its Interaction with DNA
Authors: Karasakal Ayça , Parlar Sülünay , Alptüzün Vildan , Cetin Arif E. , Topkaya Seda Nur
Published: May 2021

Herein, a novel pyridine derivative, 1‐(2,6 dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)‐pyridinium chloride (DHPC), was synthesized as a candidate drug molecule. Interaction of DHPC with DNA was used to explore its effect on DNA via Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. We demonstrated that oxidation signal of guanine bases of DNA decreased significantly while that of DHPC increased after its interaction with one another. Our candidate drug molecule exhibits LOD and LOQ, e.g., 1.5 μg/mL and 4.9 μg/mL, respectively. Toxicity effect value for DHPC (S%) was calculated as %31, demonstrating the candidate drug molecule's toxic effect on DNA.
Optimal forecast error as an unbiased estimator of abnormal return: A proposition
Authors: Enginar Onur , Atici Kazim Baris
Published: May 2021

In the event studies, the accuracy of the abnormal returns assessment is highly dependent on the accuracy of the preceding expected return model. If the expected return model is inadequate, there is a possibility that a part of returns is labeled as abnormal returns even though they are not. Currently, we have a variety of options to set up an expected return model. To obtain unbiased abnormal returns, one should pay attention to the performance of the expected return model. In this research, we propose that the optimal forecast lemma can be consulted beforehand so that minimizing the optimal forecast error in the expected return model will yield unbiased abnormal returns. We introduce and prove a proposition that the optimal forecast error is an unbiased estimator for abnormal return. The proposition induces assessing the performance of abnormal return estimation to preemptively evaluate the out‐sample forecast accuracy of the model employed. In an illustrative dataset, we examine various models. The approach requires preliminary computational effort; however, it is useful for accurately obtaining the abnormal return predictions.
A novel BRD4‐LEUTX fusion in a pediatric sarcoma with epithelioid morphology and diffuse S100 expression
Authors: Barresi Sabina , Giovannoni Isabella , Rossi Sabrina , Stracuzzi Alessandra , Quacquarini Denise , Cafferata Barbara , Piscitelli Domenico , De Leonardis Francesco , Marzullo Andrea , Alaggio Rita
Published: May 2021

Malignant epithelioid soft tissue tumors encompass a wide spectrum of lesions. Among them, Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) constitute a distinct subgroup, accounting for <5% of all MPNST. Epithelioid MPNST are infrequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, occasionally arise in a schwannoma and show diffuse S100 and CD34 expression, often combined with INI‐1 loss. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of epithelioid MPNST remain largely unknown. We describe a case of a 10‐year‐old girl with an epithelioid malignancy of the orbit. The tumor proved positive for S100, CD34 and SOX10, and, although INI‐1 expression was maintained, the overall features suggested the possibility of an epithelioid MPNST, arising in an unusual location. NGS analysis revealed a novel in‐frame BRD4‐LEUTX fusion gene. LEUTX plays an important role in embryonal genome activation and its expression is mostly suppressed postnatally. We were able to detect increased levels of LEUTX transcript in the tumor, indicating that BRD4‐LEUTX fusion leads to LEUTX re‐activation. To our knowledge, this fusion has never been reported previously. Whether the current case represents an example of epithelioid MPNST or a distinct tumor entity remains to be determined.
Justice through a Wide‐Angle Lens
Authors: Haupt Laura
Published: May 2021

In the lead article of the May‐June 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report, Nancy Jecker and Caesar Atuire argue that the Covid‐19 crisis is best understood as a syndemic, “a convergence of biosocial forces that interact with one another to produce and exacerbate clinical disease and prognosis.” A syndemic framework, the authors advise, will enable bioethicists to recognize the ethical principles that should guide efforts to reduce the unequal effects that Covid‐19 has on populations. Drawing on sub‐Saharan African conceptions of solidarity, the authors lay out an approach to global vaccine distribution that prioritizes low‐ and middle‐income countries. Like Jecker and Atuire's article, an essay by philosopher Keisha Ray pushes bioethicists to recognize broader justice‐oriented responsibilities with the aid of a wide‐angle lens. Ray's essay focuses on contemporary examples of environmental injustices that sicken, disable, or kill Black people.
Radioiodine therapy induced sialadenitis versus chronic idiopathic sialadenitis—Presentation and outcomes
Authors: Gilat Hanna , Vainer Igor , Avishai Gal , Maymon Shiri L. , Alkan Uri , Hod Roy , Robenshtock Eyal , Friedman Sivan , Shpitzer Thomas
Published: May 2021

Background

This study explores the unique characters of high dose radioactive iodine (RAI) induced chronic sialadenitis.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients having received salivary endoscopy and followed in our outpatient clinic.

Results

A total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria, 75 were diagnosed with chronic idiopathic sialoadenitis and 25 with radio‐iodine induced sialoadenitis (RIS). The main complaint in both groups was swelling of the parotid gland. Pain, dysphagia, and xerostomia were observed considerably more in the RIS group. During sialo‐endoscopy, fibrosis of the Stensen's duct was more common in the RIS group (p = 0.003). RIS patients group generally managed better with interventional endoscopic treatment alone (80% vs. 46%).

Conclusion

RIS patients have distinct clinical characteristics. There may be a collateral muscular damage to the masticatory muscles. Fibrosis and parenchymal damage are major findings during sialendoscopy. Sialendoscopy is a safe and efficient treatment for RAI induced sialadenitis.
Flexibility as a strategy to cope with uncertain water supply in spate irrigation*
Authors: Fadul Eiman , de Fraiture Charlotte , Masih Ilyas
Published: May 2021

Unpredictable flash floods in ephemeral rivers are the water source for spate irrigation systems. An important element in the success and sustainability of spate irrigation systems is their ability to cope with highly uncertain water supply and high sediment load. Flexibility is considered one of the key ingredients of coping strategies. However, the concept of flexibility in the context of spate irrigation systems is poorly defined. A framework to assess and operationalize flexibility in spate irrigation is lacking. In this paper we develop a conceptual framework by answering four principal questions and exploring eight flexibility characteristic features and five subfeatures. We explore the flexibility of traditional, improved and modernized spate irrigation systems to cope with high, low and untimely flood events. Flexible spate irrigation systems are highly dependent on system capabilities to deal with uncertainty and enable adjustments to change. The framework can be used as a guideline for water managers, farmers and decision makers for assessing and providing flexibility in spate irrigation systems.
Thermo‐optic measurements and their inter‐dependencies for delineating cancerous breast biopsy tissue from adjacent normal
Authors: Pal Uttam M. , Vishnu GK Anil , Varma Manoj , Vaidya Jayant S. , Pandya Hardik J.
Published: May 2021

The histopathological diagnosis of cancer is the current gold standard to differentiate normal from cancerous tissues. We propose a portable platform prototype to characterize the tissue's thermal and optical properties, and their inter‐dependencies to potentially aid the pathologist in making an informed decision. The measurements were performed on 10 samples from five subjects, where the cancerous and adjacent normal were extracted from the same patient. It was observed that thermal conductivity (k) and reduced‐scattering‐coefficient (μ's) for both the cancerous and normal tissues reduced with the rise in tissue temperature. Comparing cancerous and adjacent normal tissue, the difference in k and μ's (at 940 nm) were statistically significant (p = 7.94e‐3), while combining k and μ's achieved the highest statistical significance (6.74e‐4). These preliminary results promise and support testing on a large number of samples for rapidly differentiating cancerous from adjacent normal tissues.
Novel 6‐hydroxyquinolinone derivatives: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, in silico study and toxicity profiling
Authors: Saleh Marwa A. , El‐Badry Mohamed A. , R. Ezz Eldin Rogy
Published: May 2021

Infectious diseases of bacteria and fungi have become a major risk to public health because of antibiotic and antifungal resistance. However, the availability of effective antibacterial and antifungal agents is becoming increasingly limited with growing resistance to existing drugs. In response to that, novel agents are critically needed to overcome such resistance. A new series of 6‐hydroxyquinolinone 3, 4, 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b bearing different side chains were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobials against numbers of bacteria and fungi, using inhibition zone technique. As one of these derivatives, compound 3 was identified as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent against all tested microorganisms with good minimum inhibitory concentration values comparable to reference drugs. Molecular docking studies were performed on antibacterial and antifungal targets; microbial DNA gyrase B of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 4URO); N‐myristoyltransferase of Candida albicans (PDB ID: 1IYK), respectively, to predict the most probable type of interaction at the active site of the target protein in addition to binding affinities and orientations of docked ligands. Additionally, in silico prediction in terms of detailed physicochemical ADME and toxicity profile relating drug‐likeness as well as medicinal chemistry friendliness was performed to all synthesized compounds. The results indicated that a novel 4,6‐dihydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (3) is likely to be a newly synthesized drug candidate, indicating low toxicity in addition to good in silico absorption. In order to pave the way for more logical production of such compounds, structure–activity and toxicity relationships are also discussed.
Vimentin affects colorectal cancer proliferation, invasion, and migration via regulated by activator protein 1
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhu Guangwei , Lin Chunlin , Lin Penghang , Chen Hui , He Ruofan , Huang Yongjian , Yang Shugang , Ye Jianxin
Published: May 2021

Uncontrolled recurrence and metastasis are important reasons for the high mortality rate of malignant tumors. Vimentin is positively correlated with the degree of malignancy of cancer cells. Vimentin is also highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and plays a critical role in the metastasis and prognosis of CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of vimentin in the progression of CRC is incompletely understood. Therefore, the most active regions (nucleotides: 785–1085 nt) of the vimentin promoter in CRC were identified using luciferase experiments. By transcription factor sequence search and mutation analysis, the activator protein 1 (AP‐1) binding site in the region of 785–1085 nt was confirmed. The vimentin promoter activity was enhanced by overexpression of AP‐1. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the binding site was recognized by AP‐1. By cell proliferation assay, colony‐forming assay, scratch‐wound assay, cell migration assay, and cell invasion assay, we demonstrated that the AP‐1 overexpression increased CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, when vimentin was knocked down by vimentin small hairpin RNA in the CRC cell of AP‐1 overexpression, this trend disappeared. Animal experiments and immunohistochemistry showed that AP‐1 promoted tumor growth by regulating the vimentin gene. In summary, AP‐1 affected metastasis, invasion of CRC cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo by activating the vimentin promoter. This study might provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the development of CRC and provide potential therapeutic targets for CRC.
Genome‐wide analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains circulating in Vietnam: Understanding the nature of the epidemic and role of the D614G mutation
Authors: Dao Manh H. , Phan Lan T. , Cao Thang M. , Luong Quang C. , Pham Hang T. T. , Vu Nhung H. P. , Khuu Nghia V. , Nguyen Thinh V. , Nguyen Long T. , Nguyen Hieu T. , Nguyen Anh H. , Huynh Loan Kim Thi , Huynh Thao P. , Nguyen Quan H. , Truong Hieu C. , Nguyen Hang Minh , Trinh Tung Xuan , Nguyen Dung T. , Nguyen Trieu B. , Do Hung T. , Pham Quang D. , Nguyen Thuong V.
Published: May 2021

Genome‐wide analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains is essential to better understand infectivity and virulence and to track coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and outbreaks. We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 27 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated between January 2020 and April 2020. A total of 54 mutations in different genomic regions was found. The D614G mutation, first detected in March 2020, was identified in 18 strains and was more likely associated with a lower cycle threshold (<25) in real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests than the original D614 (prevalence ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–6.38). The integration of sequencing and epidemiological data suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in both quarantine areas and in the community in Vietnam occur at the beginning of the epidemic although the country implemented strict quarantine quite early, with strict contact tracing, and testing. These findings provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, as well as shape strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in Vietnam.
Factors associated with hospital readmissions among patients with COVID‐19: A single‐center experience
Authors: Guarin Geneva , Lo Kevin Bryan , Bhargav Ruchika , Salacup Grace , Wattoo Ammaar , Coignet Jean‐Gabriel , DeJoy Robert , Azmaiparashvili Zurab , Patarroyo‐Aponte Gabriel , Eiger Glenn , Rangaswami Janani
Published: May 2021

Identify factors associated with readmission after an index hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in a single center serving an underserved and predominantly minority population. This retrospective descriptive study included 275 patients who tested COVID‐19 positive via reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay at our institution and who survived the index hospitalization. The main outcomes were 1‐ and 6‐month readmission rates after an index hospitalization for COVID‐19. The mortality rate among the readmitted patients was also determined. Factors independently associated with readmission were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. A final sample of 275 patients was included. The mean age was 64.69 ± 14.64 (SD), 133 (48%) were female and 194 (70%) were African American. Their chronic medical conditions included hypertension 203 (74%) and diabetes mellitus 121 (44%). After the hospitalization, 1‐month readmission rate was 7.6%, while 6‐month readmission rate was 24%. Nine percent of patients who were readmitted subsequently died. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was significantly associated with 6‐month readmission odds ratio (OR), 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.44; p = 0.039) after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Readmissions were due to cardiac, respiratory, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased readmission OR, 3.16 (95% CI: 1.01–9.88; p = 0.048). No significant difference was found between inflammatory markers or clinical outcomes during the index hospitalization among patients who were readmitted compared to those who were not. A significant number of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 may be readmitted. The presence of CAD is independently associated with high rates of 6‐month readmission.
The nature of the trend in global and hemispheric temperatures
Authors: Triacca Umberto , Pasini Antonello
Published: May 2021

The aim of this note is to provide evidence about the existence or non‐existence of a stochastic trend in the global temperatures time series by using standard unit root tests. Three sets of data are considered in this paper: global, Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere monthly temperature anomalies. Our main finding is that there is not a stochastic trend in the temperatures time series and they are stationary around a deterministic trend.
Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients by sequential feeding: A pilot study
Authors: Yao Bo , Liu Jian‐yu , Cai Shi‐xia , Zhao Wan‐jun , Xing Jin‐yan
Published: May 2021

Background

Sequential feeding (SF) is a new feeding mode for critically ill patients that involves a combination of continuous feeding (CF) in the beginning, rhythmic feeding in the second stage, and oral feeding in the last stage. In this study, we investigated the influence of SF on gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients.

Methods

Stool specimens from 20 patients (10 patients with the SF group, 10 patients with the CF group) were collected for full‐length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis.

Results

The proportion of patients with low bacterial diversity (Shannon index < 4) in the SF group was much lower than that in the CF group, but there was no significant difference in the proportions (20% vs 50%, P = .350). The abundances of Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels), Pseudomonadaceae/Pseudomonas (at the family and genus levels), and Fusobacteria/Fusobacteriaceae/Fusobacteriales/Fusobacteria/Fusobacterium (at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels) were all higher in the SF group than in the CF group. Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels) were the most influential of these gut flora. Retinoic acid and leucine were upregulated in the SF group and were respectively responsible for the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production and the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the enriched pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database classification.

Conclusions

SF could alter gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients. Because of the small sample size, further study is required.
r‐Maximal sets and Q1,N‐reducibility
Authors: Omanadze Roland Sh. , Chitaia Irakli O.
Published: May 2021

We show that if M is an r‐maximal set, A is a major subset of M, B is an arbitrary set and , then . We prove that the c.e. ‐degrees are not dense. We also show that there exist infinite collections of ‐degrees and such that the following hold: (i) for every i, j, , and ,

(ii) each consists entirely of r‐maximal sets, and

(iii) each consists entirely of non‐r‐maximal hyperhypersimple sets.
No advocacy without representation? Nonprofit representational mix and nonprofit advocacy
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Guo Chao
Published: May 2021

Nonprofit representation as a multidimensional notion is inherently interrelated with nonprofit advocacy. This multidimensional nature of representation, however, was largely overlooked in prior empirical literature that predominantly focused on the independent effect of individual representational dimensions on advocacy. This article addresses this limitation by identifying the “representational mixes”—combinations of multiple representational dimensions—that bring about specific outcomes of nonprofit advocacy. Drawing on data from nonprofit organizations in three provinces of China and applying a corresponding configurational approach of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the findings confirm three propositions, namely the conjunctural, equifinal, and asymmetric causation underneath the complex relationship between nonprofit representation and nonprofit advocacy. This study thus contributes a fresh configurational perspective to understanding nonprofit representation in relation to nonprofit advocacy.
Inter‐breeder differences in prepulse inhibition deficits of C57BL/6J mice in a maternal immune activation model
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaro , Inaba Hiroyoshi , Iwakura Yuriko , Namba Hisaaki , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Murata Yui , Iwamoto Kazuya , Nawa Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

Genetic and environmental factors interact with each other to influence the risk of various psychiatric diseases; however, the intensity and nature of their interactions remain to be elucidated. We established a maternal infection model using polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) to determine the relationship between the maternal breeding environment and behavioral changes in the offspring. We purchased pregnant C57BL/6J mice from three breeders and administered Poly(I:C) (2 mg/kg) intravenously in their tail vein on gestation day 15. The offspring were raised to 8‐12 weeks old and subjected to the acoustic startle tests to compare their startle response intensity, prepulse inhibition levels, and degree of the adaptation of the startle response. No statistical interaction between Poly(I:C) administration and sex was observed for prepulse inhibition; thus, male and female mice were analyzed together. There was a statistical interaction between the breeder origin of offspring and prepulse inhibition; the Poly(I:C) challenge significantly decreased prepulse inhibition levels of the offspring born to the pregnant dams from Breeder A but not those from the other breeders. However, we failed to detect significant inter‐breeder differences in Poly(I:C) effects on startle response and on startle adaptation with the given number of mice examined. The rearing environment of mouse dams has a prominent effect on the Poly(I:C)‐induced prepulse inhibition deficits in this maternal immune activation model.
High resolution RNA‐seq profiling of genes encoding ribosomal proteins across different organs and developmental stages in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Jiancong , Lan Ting , Kong Wenwen , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Lin , Chen Xuemei , Mo Beixin
Published: May 2021

In Arabidopsis thaliana, each ribosomal protein (RP) is encoded by a small gene family consisting of two or more highly homologous paralogues, which results in ribosome heterogeneity. It is largely unknown that how genes from multiple member containing RP families are regulated at transcriptional level to accommodate the needs of different plant organs and developmental stages. In this study, we investigated the transcript accumulation profiles of RP genes and found that the expression levels of RP genes are varied dramatically in different organs and developmental stages. Although most RP genes are found to be ubiquitously transcribed, some are obviously transcribed with spatiotemporal specificity. The hierarchical clustering trees of transcript accumulation intensity of RP genes revealed that different organs and developmental stages have different population of RP gene transcripts. By interrogating of the expression fluctuation trend of RP genes, we found that in spite of the fact that most groups of paralogous RP genes are transcribed in concerted manners, some RPs gene have contrasting expression patterns. When transcripts of paralogous RP genes from the same family are considered together, the expression level of most RP genes are well‐matched but some are obviously higher or lower, therefore we speculate that some superfluous RPs may act outside the ribosome and a portion of ribosomes may lack one or even more RP(s). Altogether, our analysis results suggested that functional divergence may exist among heterogeneous ribosomes that resulted from different combination of RP paralogues, and substoichiometry of several RP gene families may lead to another layer of heterogeneous ribosomes which also have divergent functions in plants.
Simulation of Heat Flow Curves of NC‐Based Propellants – Part 2: Application to DPA Stabilized Propellants.
Authors: Itkis Daniel G. , Bohn Manfred A.
Published: May 2021

Measuring of heat flow curves at temperatures near the in‐service range have become a standard for stability and compatibility assessments of nitrocellulose (NC)‐based energetic materials. The typical technique to realise this demand is heat flow microcalorimetry. The heat flow curves are the summarized effect of the rates of all the reaction heats in the mixture. The propellant composition has a significant influence on the shapes of the heat flow curves. To assess the stability on a firmer base, it is of interest to know what contributions to the total heat flow the individual reactions have from the NC decomposition and from the stabilizer reactions. This needs the simulation of the heat flow curves based on the individual reactions with their thermochemical data and their reaction rates. For this, the reaction enthalpies of all relevant reactions must be known. On these prerequisites was reported in part 1. With the data from there, the simulation of the heat flow curve of the ball powder propellant type K6210 was undertaken, using a reaction scheme for the nitrate ester decomposition and the DPA reactions. In principle, the here developed and applied procedure is usable for all types of NC‐based propellants and heat flow curves.
Prediction of Single‐Phase High‐Entropy Nitrides from First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Huang Haiyun , Shao Lihuan , Liu Huazhu
Published: May 2021

Entropy‐forming ability (EFA) is used as a descriptor to identify possible single‐phase high‐entropy nitrides (HENs) from eight cation candidates Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, and Mo. Around 56 five‐cation HEN compositions using density functional theory calculations of 2744 ten‐atom supercells are evaluated. Ten HEN compositions with high EFA values are identified, and among them AlCrNbTiVN5 has the highest EFA value. Cation‐nitrogen bond length statistics shows that HENs with small lattice distortion tend to have large EFA values. The elemental dependence analysis shows that silicon introduces largest lattice distortion and hence small EFA values, which provides useful guidance for element selection of single‐phase HENs.
Sarcoidosis and neuroendocrine tumours: case report and literature review
Authors: Taha Muhanad , Samavati Lobelia
Published: May 2021

Rare cases of co‐existing sarcoidosis and carcinoid tumour have been previously reported in the literature. Both diseases may have vague and overlapping clinical presentations that can lead to delayed or missed diagnosis. To avoid this diagnostic pitfall, we discuss and compare the clinical presentations of all reported cases in the literature including our case. We also provide hypothesis to explain the relationship between the two diseases.
Thermally Stable and High‐Mobility Dithienopyran‐Based Copolymers: How Donor–Acceptor‐ and Donor–Donor‐Type Structures Differ in Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Jeong Seonghun , Yoo Hyeonjin , Cho Yongjoon , Yoon Seong-Jun , Lee Byoung Hoon , Yang Changduk
Published: May 2021

Although rapid and remarkable progress has been made in semiconducting polymers used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), the development of novel π‐conjugated backbones remains the central issue in this field. High FET mobilities have been achieved for copolymers based on fused‐ring building blocks due to their strong tendency to form ππ stacks. However, introducing the recently formulated strong electron‐rich fused‐ring dithienopyran (DTP) unit in the polymer backbone has garnered considerably less attention. Herein, four new copolymers (donor–acceptor (DA)‐type versus donor–donor (DD)‐type structures) are synthesized based on the DTP unit by adopting different types of counterparts of the backbone. The characteristics of these copolymers, derived from different structural types, are investigated and compared and they are implemented in OFET devices. The DA‐type copolymers (P1 and P2) show higher charge‐carrier mobilities and better thermal stability than the DD‐type copolymers (P3 and P4), attributed to enhanced crystalline features induced by strong intermolecular interactions and preferential 3D‐textured molecular orientation of the DA‐type copolymers. Particularly, P1 exhibits the highest mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1. This study provides a reference for understanding the influence of the backbone type on the structure–property relation and promotes the development of high‐performance DTP‐based copolymers.
A Primer on Qualitative Research Synthesis in TESOL
Authors: Chong Sin Wang , Plonsky Luke
Published: May 2021

Secondary research in the form of literature reviews facilitates consolidation and transfer of knowledge. In the field of TESOL, the majority of secondary research is conducted in the form of narrative reviews, which rely on the researchers' selection and interpretation of primary studies and findings. Systematic reviews, which can be broadly categorized into meta‐analysis (focusing on quantitative data) and qualitative research synthesis (focusing on qualitative data), are gaining popularity (see Plonsky, 2017) but are still less common. In particular, qualitative data collected from language classrooms, which are often criticized because of their lack of generalizability, are seldom synthesized in a systematic fashion. Against this backdrop, this article first attempts to make a case for conducting qualitative research synthesis in the field of TESOL. Second, this article provides a methodological framework and an example of how qualitative research synthesis can be conducted. The article closes with recommendations to promote qualitative research synthesis in the field of TESOL.
A multicenter comparison of [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau PET tracers to detect a common target ROI for differential diagnosis
Authors: Leuzy Antoine , Pascoal Tharick A. , Strandberg Olof , Insel Philip , Smith Ruben , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Benedet Andréa L. , Cho Hannah , Lyoo Chul H. , La Joie Renaud , Rabinovici Gil D. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Hansson Oskar
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This study aims to determine whether comparable target regions of interest (ROIs) and cut-offs can be used across [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia vs either cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals or non-AD neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

A total of 1755 participants underwent tau PET using either [18F]flortaucipir (n = 975), [18F]RO948 (n = 493), or [18F]MK6240 (n = 287). SUVR values were calculated across four theory-driven ROIs and several tracer-specific data-driven (hierarchical clustering) regions of interest (ROIs). Diagnostic performance and cut-offs for ROIs were determined using receiver operating characteristic analyses and the Youden index, respectively.

Results

Comparable diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) was observed between theory- and data-driven ROIs. The theory-defined temporal meta-ROI generally performed very well for all three tracers (AUCs: 0.926–0.996). An SUVR value of approximately 1.35 was a common threshold when using this ROI.

Conclusion

The temporal meta-ROI can be used for differential diagnosis of dementia patients with [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau PET with high accuracy, and that using very similar cut-offs of around 1.35 SUVR. This ROI/SUVR cut-off can also be applied across tracers to define tau positivity.
Senescence and associated blood–brain barrier alterations in vitro
Authors: Salvador Ellaine , Burek Malgorzata , Löhr Mario , Nagai Michiaki , Hagemann Carsten , Förster Carola Y.
Published: May 2021

Progressive deterioration of the central nervous system (CNS) is commonly associated with aging. An important component of the neurovasculature is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), majorly made up of endothelial cells joined together by intercellular junctions. The relationship between senescence and changes in the BBB has not yet been thoroughly explored. Moreover, the lack of in vitro models for the study of the mechanisms involved in those changes impede further and more in-depth investigations in the field. For this reason, we herein present an in vitro model of the senescent BBB and an initial attempt to identify senescence-associated alterations within.
The impact of nocturnal road traffic noise, bedroom window orientation, and work-related stress on subjective sleep quality: results of a cross-sectional study among working women
Authors: Bartels Susanne , Ögren Mikael , Kim Jeong-Lim , Fredriksson Sofie , Persson Waye Kerstin
Published: May 2021

Objective

To examine the effect of work-related stress and road noise exposure on self-rated sleep and potential additive interaction effects.

Methods

Sleep and predictor variables were surveyed within two subsamples with 2191 and 1764 working women in a cross-sectional study. Sleep was assessed using a single question on general sleep quality and four questions on specific sleep problems and subsequently dichotomized (poor sleep vs. no poor sleep). Work-related stress was operationalized by job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Nocturnal exposure to road traffic noise was assessed as (a) the orientation of the bedroom window to a quiet façade vs. a low-, medium- or high-trafficked street and (b) energy-equivalent sound pressure levels for night-time modelled at the most exposed façade (Lnight). We distinguished between low (< 45 dB(A)), medium (45–50 dB(A)) and high exposure (> 50 dB(A)).

Results

Poor sleep was associated with job strain and effort-reward imbalance. The prevalence of poor sleep did not increase with increasing Lnight, but bedroom window orientation showed a non-significant trend. A quiet façade had a protective effect on sleep in each Lnight category. We found a non-significant trend for an additive interaction between bedroom window orientation and job strain.

Conclusion

Noise levels modelled for the most exposed façade likely overestimate the actual exposure and thus may not be a precise predictor of poor sleep. Bedroom window orientation seems more relevant. Potential additive interaction effects between bedroom window orientation and job strain should be considered when interpreting epidemiological study results on noise-induced sleep disturbances.
Improved potential quality of intraoperative transcranial motor-evoked potentials by navigated electrode placement compared to the conventional ten-twenty system
Authors: Wagner Arthur , Ille Sebastian , Liesenhoff Caspar , Aftahy Kaywan , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M.
Published: May 2021

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (tcMEPs) may fail to produce a serviceable signal due to displacements by mass lesions. We hypothesize that navigated placement of stimulation electrodes yields superior potential quality for tcMEPs compared to the conventional 10–20 placement. We prospectively included patients undergoing elective cranial surgery with intraoperative monitoring of tcMEPs. In addition to electrode placement as per the 10–20 system, an electrode pair was placed at a location corresponding to the hand knob area of the primary motor cortex (M1) for every patient, localized by a navigation system during surgical setup. Twenty-five patients undergoing elective navigated surgery for intracranial tumors (n = 23; 92%) or vascular lesions (n = 2; 8%) under intraoperative monitoring of tcMEPs were included between June and August 2019 at our department. Stimulation and recording of tcMEPs was successful in every case for the navigated electrode pair, while stimulation by 10–20 electrodes did not yield baseline tcMEPs in two cases (8%) with anatomical displacement of the M1. While there was no significant difference between baseline amplitudes, mean potential quality decreased significantly by 88.3 µV (− 13.5%) for the 10–20 electrodes (p = 0.004) after durotomy, unlike for the navigated electrodes (− 28.6 µV [− 3.1%]; p = 0.055). For patients with an anatomically displaced M1, the navigated tcMEPs declined significantly less after durotomy (− 3.6% vs. 10–20: − 23.3%; p = 0.038). Navigated placement of tcMEP electrodes accounts for interindividual anatomical variance and pathological dislocation of the M1, yielding more consistent potentials and reliable potential quality.
Hepatic sclerosed hemangioma and sclerosing cavernous hemangioma: a radiological study
Authors: Jia Cuiyu , Liu Guangxue , Wang Xinxin , Zhao Dawei , Li Ruili , Li Hongjun
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To investigate and compare the CT and MRI features of hepatic sclerosed hemangioma (HSH) and sclerosing cavernous hemangioma (SCH).

Materials and methods

Twelve HSH cases and 36 SCH cases were included, the imaging findings on CT (9 HSH and 34 SCH) and MRI (8 HSH and 10 SCH) were analyzed. Qualitative image analysis included the location, size, shape, capsular retraction, density, calcification, signal intensity on T1-weighted image (T1WI) and T2-weighted image (T2WI), presence of diffusion restriction, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, transient hepatic attenuation difference around the lesion, and the dynamic enhancement patterns.

Results

The presence of liver cirrhosis in patients with HSH (3/12) was higher than SCH (1/36) (P = 0.043). The morphology appearance before enhancement showed no significant difference between HSH and SCH. Moreover, SCH had a stronger trend of centripetal enhancement patterns of cavernous hemangiomas (83.3%) compared to HSH (25%) (P < 0.001). Due to more frequent atypical enhancement features, containing rim-like enhancement, no enhancement, and peripheral heterogeneous enhancement, the misdiagnosis rate of HSH (75%) was significantly higher than that of SCH (16.7%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ADC values of HSH and SCH were both higher than that of the surrounding liver parenchyma (P = 0.009, P = 0.002); however, there was no significant difference in ADC values between themselves (P = 0.613).

Conclusion

SCH showed the same trend of centripetal enhancement characteristics as typical hemangioma, while HSH exhibited atypical enhancement features due to complete sclerosis. Higher ADC values might contribute to the identification of atypical HSH and SCH from malignancies.
Interdisziplinäre Kompetenzen: Modellentwicklung und diagnostische Zugänge
Authors: Claus Anna M. , Wiese Bettina S.
Published: May 2021

In diesem Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO) werden die Entwicklung eines Modells interdisziplinärer Kompetenzen und zwei darauf aufbauende Messverfahren vorgestellt, nämlich ein Fragebogeninstrument für das Selbstkonzept interdisziplinärer Kompetenzen sowie ein simulationsorientierter Zugang. Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit gilt als zukunftsweisend, um Innovationen an den Schnittstellen zwischen etablierten Disziplinen und Fachbereichen zu erzielen. Zugleich wird sie jedoch von den Beteiligten häufig als belastend empfunden. An dieser Stelle tragen interdisziplinäre Kompetenzen als individuelle Fähigkeiten und instrumentelle Verhaltensweisen zu erfolgreicher interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit bei. Das hier vorgestellte Modell interdisziplinärer Kompetenzen umfasst die Kompetenzdimensionen Initiative zum Austausch, Zielgruppenspezifische Kommunikation, Wissensintegration und Reflexion der eigenen Fachdisziplin. Die von uns konzipierte Skala zur Erfassung des Selbstkonzepts interdisziplinärer Kompetenzen kann unabhängig vom fachlichen Hintergrund der Stichprobe eingesetzt werden. Zur Reflexion des eigenen Verhaltens und als Ausgangspunkt für Entwicklungsmaßnahmen wird weiterhin ein Verhaltenssimulationsansatz vorgeschlagen, der im Vergleich jedoch einen deutlich höheren Personaleinsatz erfordert. Modell und diagnostische Zugänge ermöglichen es, im Zuge von Personalauswahl, -entwicklung und zur Evaluation der Zusammenarbeit in interdisziplinären Teams interdisziplinäre Kompetenzen von Individuen zu messen.
A Multiscale-Based Approach to Understand Dendrite Deflection in Continuously Cast Steel Slab Samples
Authors: SenGupta Arunava , Santillana Begoña , Sridhar Seetharaman , Auinger Michael
Published: May 2021

Dendrite bending angle measurements were conducted along two different directions on four steel slab samples collected from a conventional caster. The primary dendrites growing at the slab surface showed a transition in their growth direction as the distance from the surface increased. Numerical fluid flow simulation showed changes in the flow directions that might have caused the change in the growth direction. The bending angle measurements were also correlated with the casting process parameters. Thereafter, a multiscale approach was adopted to predict the dendrite deflection angles by correlating the macro-scale flow profile with the micro-scale bending angle formulation and subsequently corroborated with the industrial scale measurements.
Regeln durch den Markt? Globale Kriminalitätsbekämpfung durch Lieferkettenregulierung
Authors: Jakobi Anja P. , Stelter Maike
Published: May 2021

Globale Kriminalitätsbekämpfung umfasst zunehmend Aktivitäten nichtstaatlicher Akteure, um grenzüberschreitend Kriminalität zu verhindern. Der Beitrag analysiert die Regulierung von Lieferketten und die Einbindung von Unternehmen als Beispiel für den Ansatz, Marktregulierung zur Kriminalitätsbekämpfung zu nutzen. Dazu präsentiert er die Regulierung unterschiedlicher Sicherheitsrisiken am Anfang und Ende globaler Lieferketten, und zeigt inhärente Probleme von Lieferkettenregulierung als Instrument der Kriminalitätsbekämpfung auf, beispielsweise in Bezug auf Zielsetzung und Effektivität.
Regulatory framework analysis for the unmanned inland waterway vessel
Authors: Nzengu Wa , Faivre Jérôme , Pauwelyn Ann-Sofie , Bolbot Victor , Lien Wennersberg Lars Andreas , Theotokatos Gerasimos
Published: May 2021

Several research and innovation initiatives have been pursued worldwide for the development of autonomous and unmanned ships. However, these ships’ wider adoption is limited by the existing regulatory framework, which presently does not provide clear guidelines and requirements for the design and operation of autonomous ships. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyse the existing maritime safety and security regulatory framework including the national and international regulations for designing, building, testing and operating the unmanned next-generation inland waterways (IWW) vessel considered in the AUTOSHIP project operating in the Flemish inland waters. This study initiates with the identification of the regulatory bodies controlling the operation and testing of the investigated vessel and then identifies barriers in regulations where amendments or new developments are required. Subsequently, a strategy for overcoming these barriers is proposed. The main regulatory gaps that are identified include the requirements for navigation, emergency and environment protection functions, where new definitions are required for unmanned ship operations (e.g. master, crew, remote control centre). Moreover, some of the regulations explicitly specify the existence of crew on the ships for navigation, emergency and environment protection functions. A three-phase strategy is proposed to overcome the current regulatory barriers.