bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity and LC-MS/MS Compositional Alkaloid Determination of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flowers
Authors: Kandsi Fahd , Lafdil Fatima Zahra , Elbouzidi Amine , Bouknana Saliha , Miry Achraf , Addi Mohamed , Conte Raffaele , Hano Christophe , Gseyra Nadia
Published: July 2022

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to cure a range of diseases. There has been no thorough investigation of the potential toxicity of this plant. The objective of this study is to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of D. ambrosioides hydroethanolic extract (DAHE), as well as it alkaloids composition, utilizing LC-MS/MS analysis. An in silico approach was applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and to predict the toxicity of D. ambrosioides identified alkaloids. A 14-day treatment with a single oral dose of 1–7 g/kg was carried out to investigate acute toxicity. DAHE was given orally at dosages of 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg for 15 days in the subacute toxicity investigation, and body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Livers, kidneys, lungs, and heart were examined histologically. Chromatographic investigation revealed the existence of nine alkaloids, with N-formylnorgalanthamine being the most prevalent. The oral LD50 value of DAHE was found to be 5000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity study. No variations were observed with respect to food intake, water consumption, mortality, or body and organ weight in the subacute toxicity study. On the other hand, DAHE (500 mg/kg) significantly enhanced alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea. Liver and kidney histological examinations revealed modest infiltration of hepatocyte trabeculae by inflammatory cells in the liver and slight alteration in the kidney histoarchitecture. According to our findings, DAHE exhibits low to moderate toxicity.
Study on In Vitro Metabolism and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Beauvericin
Authors: Yuan Yu , Meng Guangpeng , Li Yuanbo , Wu Chunjie
Published: July 2022

Beauvericin (BEA) is a well-known mycotoxin produced by many fungi, including Beaveria bassiana. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro distribution and metabolism characteristics as well as the in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of BEA. The in vitro metabolism studies of BEA were performed using rat, dog, mouse, monkey and human liver microsomes, cryopreserved hepatocytes and plasma under conditions of linear kinetics to estimate the respective elimination rates. Additionally, LC-UV-MSn (n = 1~2) was used to identify metabolites in human, rat, mouse, dog and monkey liver microsomes. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) reaction phenotyping was carried out. Finally, the absolute bioavailability of BEA was evaluated by intravenous and oral administration in rats. BEA was metabolically stable in the liver microsomes and hepatocytes of humans and rats; however, it was a strong inhibitor of midazolam 1′-hydroxylase (CYP3A4) and mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) activities in human liver microsomes. The protein binding fraction values of BEA were >90% and the half-life (T1/2) values of BEA were approximately 5 h in the plasma of the five species. The absolute bioavailability was calculated to be 29.5%. Altogether, these data indicate that BEA has great potential for further development as a drug candidate. Metabolic studies of different species can provide important reference values for further safety evaluation.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children and Adults Self-Confined at Home
Authors: Rocafort Muntsa , Henares Desiree , Brotons Pedro , Launes Cristian , Fernandez de Sevilla Mariona , Fumado Victoria , Barrabeig Irene , Arias Sara , Redin Alba , Ponomarenko Julia , Mele Maria , Millat-Martinez Pere , Claverol Joana , Balanza Nuria , Mira Alex , Garcia-Garcia Juan J. , Bassat Quique , Jordan Iolanda , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen
Published: July 2022

The increased incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Spain in March 2020 led to the declaration by the Spanish government of a state of emergency imposing strict confinement measures on the population. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and adults and its relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity during the pandemic lockdown in Spain. This cross-sectional study included family households located in metropolitan Barcelona, Spain, with one adult with a previous confirmed COVID-19 episode and one or more exposed co-habiting child contacts. Nasopharyngeal swabs were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection status, characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota and determine common respiratory DNA/RNA viral co-infections. A total of 173 adult cases and 470 exposed children were included. Overall, a predominance of Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum and a limited abundance of common pathobionts including Haemophilus and Streptococcus were found both among adults and children. Children with current SARS-CoV-2 infection presented higher bacterial richness and increased Fusobacterium, Streptococcus and Prevotella abundance than non-infected children. Among adults, persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA was associated with an increased abundance of an unclassified member of the Actinomycetales order. COVID-19 severity was associated with increased Staphylococcus and reduced Dolosigranulum abundance. The stringent COVID-19 lockdown in Spain had a significant impact on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children, reflected in the limited abundance of common respiratory pathobionts and the predominance of Corynebacterium, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 detection. COVID-19 severity in adults was associated with decreased nasopharynx levels of healthy commensal bacteria.
Women in the European Virus Bioinformatics Center
Authors: Hufsky Franziska , Abecasis Ana , Agudelo-Romero Patricia , Bletsa Magda , Brown Katherine , Claus Claudia , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Deng Li , Friedel Caroline C. , Gismondi María Inés , Kostaki Evangelia Georgia , Kühnert Denise , Kulkarni-Kale Urmila , Metzner Karin J. , Meyer Irmtraud M. , Miozzi Laura , Nishimura Luca , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Rahlff Janina , Thomson Emma , Tumescheit Charlotte , van der Hoek Lia , Van Espen Lore , Vandamme Anne-Mieke , Zaheri Maryam , Zuckerman Neta , Marz Manja
Published: July 2022

Viruses are the cause of a considerable burden to human, animal and plant health, while on the other hand playing an important role in regulating entire ecosystems. The power of new sequencing technologies combined with new tools for processing “Big Data” offers unprecedented opportunities to answer fundamental questions in virology. Virologists have an urgent need for virus-specific bioinformatics tools. These developments have led to the formation of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center, a network of experts in virology and bioinformatics who are joining forces to enable extensive exchange and collaboration between these research areas. The EVBC strives to provide talented researchers with a supportive environment free of gender bias, but the gender gap in science, especially in math-intensive fields such as computer science, persists. To bring more talented women into research and keep them there, we need to highlight role models to spark their interest, and we need to ensure that female scientists are not kept at lower levels but are given the opportunity to lead the field. Here we showcase the work of the EVBC and highlight the achievements of some outstanding women experts in virology and viral bioinformatics.
Promoting Vaccination in India through Videos: The Role of Humor, Collectivistic Appeal and Gender
Authors: Jamison Amelia M. , Rimal Rajiv N. , Ganjoo Rohini , Burleson Julia , Alperstein Neil , Bhaktaram Ananya , Pascual-Ferra Paola , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Parida Manoj , Rath Sidharth , Kluegel Eleanor , Orton Peter Z. , Barnett Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

Vaccination hesitancy is a barrier to India’s efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Considerable resources have been spent to promote COVID-19 vaccination, but evaluations of such efforts are sparse. Our objective was to determine how vaccine videos that manipulate message appeal (collectivistic versus individualistic), tone (humorous versus serious), and source (male versus female protagonist) toward vaccines and vaccination. We developed eight videos that manipulated the type of appeal (collectivistic or individualistic), tone of the message (humor or serious), and gender of the vaccine promoter (male or female) in a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment. Participants (N = 2349) were randomly assigned to watch one of eight videos in an online experiment. Beliefs about vaccines and those about vaccination were obtained before and after viewing the video. Manipulation checks demonstrated that each of the three independent variables was manipulated successfully. After exposure to the video, beliefs about vaccines became more negative, while beliefs about vaccination became more positive. Humor reduced negative beliefs about vaccines. Collectivism and protagonist gender did not affect beliefs about vaccines or vaccination. Those able to remember the protagonist’s gender (a measure of attention) were likely to develop favorable beliefs if they had also seen the humorous videos. These findings suggest that people distinguish beliefs about vaccines, which deteriorated after exposure to the videos, from beliefs about vaccination, which improved. We recommend using humor when appropriate and focusing on the outcomes of vaccination, rather than on the vaccines themselves.
The Association between Risk Perception and Hesitancy toward the Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 60 Years and Older in China
Authors: Qin Chenyuan , Yan Wenxin , Tao Liyuan , Liu Min , Liu Jue
Published: July 2022

Background: Given the prevalence of the omicron variant and decreased immunity provided by vaccines, it is imperative to enhance resistance to COVID-19 in the old population. We planned to explore the hesitancy rate toward the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and the association between risk perception and the abovementioned rate among people aged 60 and older. Methods: This national cross-sectional study was conducted in mainland China from 25 May to 8 June 2022, targeting people who were 60 years old or above. Four dimensions were extracted from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess participants’ perceived risk levels, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefit. An independent Chi-square test was used to compare the vaccine hesitancy rates among different groups stratified by characteristics. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between risk perception and hesitancy rate. Results: Of 3321 participants, 17.2% (95% CI: 15.9–18.5%) were hesitant about booster shots of COVID-19 vaccines. Believing that they were ineligible for vaccination due to certain illnesses (38.3%), concern about vaccine safety (32.0%), believing the booster shots were unnecessary (33.1%), and their limitation on movements (28.0%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitation. Adjusted by all the selected covariates, people with low perception level of susceptibility (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00–1.92) and benefit (low: aOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.01–5.45; moderate: aOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.75–2.85) were less likely to receiving the booster dose, and the same results were found in people with higher perceived barriers (moderate: aOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.13–3.35; high: aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.14–3.67). Our estimates were stable in all four models. Conclusions: In total, 17.2% of the people aged 60 years and older in China were hesitant about booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, and it was closely associated with a lower level of perceived susceptibility and benefit, as well as a higher level of perceived barriers. Concerns about contraindications, vaccine safety, and limited movements were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Targeted public health measure is a priority to improve the understanding of the elderly on their own susceptibility and vulnerability and clear the obstacles to vaccination.
The Efficacy of a Trivalent Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Combined with the Live S. Gallinarum 9R Vaccine in Young Layers after Experimental Infections with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis
Authors: Huberman Yosef Daniel , Caballero-García Melanie , Rojas Rober , Ascanio Silvia , Olmos Leandro Hipólito , Malena Rosana , Lomónaco Jorgelina , Nievas Paula , Chero Paula , Lévano-Gracía Julio , Mendoza-Espinoza Alfredo
Published: July 2022

Worldwide, poultry infections by Salmonella are the cause of significant economic losses, not only due to reduced production (due to fowl typhoid disease), but also considering the efforts and control measures that must be constantly applied, especially due to zoonotic serovars. Poultry is a common reservoir of Salmonella and its transmission into the food chain is a risk for humans. The vaccination of layers plays an important role in the overall efforts to prevent Salmonella infections. An inactivated trivalent vaccine was prepared with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis strains. Infection trials were performed to evaluate the efficacy of three vaccination schedules using inactivated and live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccines. For this purpose, at week 5 of life, one subcutaneous dose of live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine (1–5 × 107 CFU) was given to Groups 1 and 2. At weeks 8 and 11 of life, chickens were also vaccinated with one (Group 1) or two (Groups 2 and 3) intramuscular doses of the inactivated oil-adjuvant trivalent vaccine (1 × 108 CFU/dose of each antigen). Group 4 consisted of chickens that remained unvaccinated (control). At week 14 of life, the efficacy of the vaccination plans was evaluated in three separate inoculation trials with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, or S. Infantis. After vaccination with the inactivated vaccine, homologous antibody production was observed, and after challenge, a significant reduction in the faecal shedding, invasion, and colonization of S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis was achieved by all vaccination schedules, while the vaccination with at least one dose of the live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine was necessary to obtain such a significant protection against S. Enteritidis infection.
Adsorption of Tannic Acid and Macromolecular Humic/Fulvic Acid onto Polystyrene Microplastics: A Comparison Study
Authors: Li Junsuo , Ma Shoucheng , Li Xinying , Wei Wei
Published: July 2022

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been widely reported to influence the environmental behavior of microplastics (MPs), but little is known about the properties and mechanisms of interaction between specific DOM components and MPs. Here, we studied the adsorption of three representative DOM components (humic acid, HA; fulvic acid, FA; and tannic acid, TA) on polystyrene (PS) MPs in batch adsorption experiments. Results revealed that HA/FA adsorption was greater under acidic conditions, while higher TA adsorption on PS was found at pH 4 and 6. The divalent cation (Ca2+) exerted a more prominent role in enhancing HA, FA, and TA adsorption on PS than did monovalent ones (K+ and Na+). The adsorption process fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption site heterogeneity was evaluated using the site energy distribution analysis based on the Freundlich model. The greater binding ability of HA on the PS surface caused a more negatively charged surface than FA/TA, as reflected by Zeta potential values. The findings of this study not only provide valuable information about the adsorption behavior and interaction processes of various DOM components on PS MPs, but also aid our efforts to evaluate the environmental behaviors of MPs.
Impact of a Dinophysis acuminata Bloom on the Copepod Acartia clausi: First Indications
Authors: Frangoulis Constantin , Christou Epaminondas D. , Varkitzi Ioanna , Zervoudaki Soultana , Maneiro Isabel , Svensen Camilla , Pagou Kalliopi , Assimakopoulou Georgia , Hatzianestis Ioannis , Granéli Edna
Published: July 2022

Faecal pellet production and content along with egg production of the dominant copepod species Acartia clausi were studied in the Thermaikos Gulf (NW Aegean Sea) during a pre-bloom and a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata. Both faecal pellet production (6.8–8.6 ind−1 d−1) and egg production (15.8–47.6 ind−1 d−1) appeared unrelated to the D. acuminata bloom. Less than 11% of the copepod faecal pellets contained one or two D. acuminata cells, almost intact, whereas the other material in the pellets was broken into small pieces or amorphous shapes. The toxin outflux seemed to be insignificant when compared to the mean toxin concentration from the whole D. acuminata population. Finally, the potential grazing impact of A. clausi on D. acuminata during the study period was low.
Layout Evaluation of New Energy Vehicle Charging Stations: A Perspective Using the Complex Network Robustness Theory
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Chen Juan , Tu Lilan , Yin Longteng
Published: July 2022

At present, the new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly, but the relative lag in the development of its supporting infrastructure, especially charging stations, has become a bottleneck that restricts the development of the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, we propose a model for constructing a network of new energy vehicle charging facilities based on complex network theory and analyze the operation and the rationality of the layout of the new energy vehicle (NEV) charging stations in Wuhan and Hangzhou, respectively. The results show that the current layout of new energy vehicle charging stations in the city is relatively reasonable, but the allocation of charging pile resources is unreasonable. Our results of the virtual charging station network constructed by adding new charging station nodes show that the change in network structure helps to enhance the performance of the charging station system.
Economic Analysis of a Conceptual Industrial Route for Printed Circuit Boards Processing Based on Mass and Energy Balances
Authors: d’Almeida Felipe Seabra , de Carvalho Roberto Bentes , dos Santos Felipe Sombra , de Souza Rodrigo Fernandes Magalhães
Published: July 2022

With a generation of more than 2 million metric tons per year, Brazil is the largest producer of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Latin America. However, Brazil does not have its own way for treating printed circuit boards, a key component present in this type of waste. In this context, the processing of these components would allow the extraction of metals with high added value, mainly copper, silver, gold, and palladium. The purpose of this research is to design a conceptual treatment route, based on the integration of technologies described in the literature. After creating the route design, a mass and energy balances were performed, considering two printed circuit board source as raw material: (Case A) Wasted equipment in general; (Case B) Using only cell phones. For both cases, the treatment of 2 t·h−1 was considered. In addition, cost estimates and plant sensitivity analysis were carried out. For 15 years of plant production, the calculated Capex was USD 2,002,682, where an internal return rate of 140.1% and 3933.0% was obtained for Case A and B, respectively, and a net present value of USD 44,403,373 and USD 3,210,393,496 for Case A and B, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that Case A has a great sensitivity to the variation of the processing volume. Based on the present findings, this theoretical research has the potential to be a nucleation point in the design of a future industrial plant dedicated to the recycling of printed circuit boards, as well as to understand the key variables for the processing these components, based on Brazilian circumstances. Additionally, the project presents the hypothetical investment required for the creation of such conceptual plant, which is a crucial piece of information for potential investors.
Designing a working quasi-mechanism of controlled tightening based on a three-disc flat almost instantly changeable system
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kaluga branch, Nikishkina A. B. , Astakhov M.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kaluga branch
Published: July 2022

When designing structures of mechanisms, it is relevant to solve the problem of controlling their internal forces in order to create adaptive machines that automatically adjust to a sudden, exceeding the calculated, external load. The stress state of a three-disc flat almost instantaneously changeable system is investigated in order to use it in controlled puffs. The change of forces arising in the rods of this system is considered, depending on the control moment of the force and the angles of inclination of each rod. Based on the results of calculations, graphs of changes in internal forces in the rods of an almost instantly changeable system are constructed and recommendations on the design are given.
Foreign approaches to design, pricing and procurement in construction as market mechanisms to ensure competition
Authors:   Crimean branch of the Federal Autonomous Institution ", Karpushkin A. S. ,   RosKapStroy"
Published: July 2022

The article considers market instruments for ensuring competition. The fundamental differences between domestic and foreign approaches are revealed. Recommendations on improving domestic legislation in terms of design, pricing, procurement and construction are given.
Project financing of housing construction in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Bakrunоv Yu. O. , Manukyan M. G. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: July 2022

Since July the 1st, 2019 the Russian builders lost the opportunity to attract money of shareholders directly. Nowadays, the investments of citizens, made in the acquisition of housing, are stored at bank accounts (escrow account), at the same time, the construction is conducted at the expense of the bank credits, e.i. project financing. The article is devoted to the analysis of project financing as the instrument of attraction of financial resources: the attraction order, influence on the construction companies activity, dynamics of the market of project financing in the Russian Federation.
Sustainable development goals and water use in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Lebedev I. M. , Gnetova A. I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the connection of the UN Sustainable Development Goals with projects on water use and improvement of the state of fresh water sources in Russia. The importance of cooperation between neighboring states on the problems of transboundary water bodies was emphasized, the agreements reached were named. Achievements in providing the population with high-quality and safe drinking water were noted. The author notes that the discharge of poorly treated and untreated effluents into rivers hinders the achievement of certain sustainable development goals and proposes to introduce the Clean Effluent initiative into the Ecology national project.
ISSUES OF ENSURING THE RIGHTS OF THE PARTIES AT CONCLUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTRACT OF CARSHARING OF
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Transport State Technical University (MADI), MELNIKOVA T.E. , ZVEREV A.D. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Transport State Technical University (MADI), STRETOVICH YU.V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Transport State Technical University (MADI)
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of services for short–term rental of a motor vehicle – carshar-ing, the carsharing contract of the Delimobil company is considered. Shortcomings, irregularities and gaps in the contract have been identified. Specific recommendations have been developed and given on changing the content of the carsharing agreement, in particular concerning the respon-sibility for the acceptance and delivery of the car. The problem of illegal access to car-sharing car management by persons who do not have the right to do so using fake electronic platforms has been identified. Proposals have been developed to combat these offenses.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING THE NEED FOR SPARE PARTS WHEN MANAGING A DEALER NETWORK OF SERVICE STATIONS
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), GULYI V.V. , SOLNTSEV A.V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), ASOYAN A.A. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), ERSHOV V.S. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the development of mathematical models for forecasting the needs for spare parts for cars by service stations or motor transport enterprises. Also, the conditions for con-ducting research are determined under which the level of demand for spare parts for AUDI brand cars, which is under the warranty period, is determined. The dependencies of the required volume of spare parts on the mileage, etc., imposed on the owner of the LATS during downtime for current repairs and the trend of changing the AUDI brand, are revealed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRAFFIC FLOW CONTROL ON THE LOADS OF THE MAIN LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS AND THE CAPACITY OF BRIDGES
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, LYAPIN S.A. , RIZAEVA Y.N. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, KADASEV D.A. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, VORONIN N.V. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University
Published: July 2022

The article shows the influence of such methods of traffic flow management as limiting the speed of vehicles on the loads of the main load-bearing elements and the capacity of bridge structures on the example of the Oktyabrsky Bridge in Lipetsk. To determine the density of traffic flow and the load on the bridge structure, to collect information about the parameters of traffic flows, road traf-fic simulation is used. The vertical moving load on the bridge is calculated.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF VEHICLE MOVEMENT IN DYNAMIC TRAFFIC FLOW CONTROL IN A TWO-ZONE SYSTEM
Authors:   Don State Technical University, JIANG H.
Published: July 2022

The article considers the possibility of using a macroscopic fundamental diagram to analyze the state of traffic flows and changes in the patterns of accumulation during dynamic traffic manage-ment between the considered urban areas. Differential equations of the dynamics of the system on the change in the accumulation of the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the transport flow in a two-zone system are obtained. Different types of attraction zones with unchanged values of border control are described and methods of their calculation for obtaining an analytical solution of both zones are determined. For the reliability of the study, real data of the central part of Jinan (China) are presented and modeling is carried out using the mathematical modeling complex MATLAB. The simulation results show changes in the zone of attraction at different levels of traffic control intensity and the processes of vehicle movement in a two-zone system.
MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF A DYNAMIC STEREOTYPE OF SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUES
Authors:   South-West State University, AGEEV E.V. , NOVIKOV A.N. ,   Orel State University of Turgenev named after I.S. Turgenev, VINOGRADOV E.S. ,   South-West State University
Published: July 2022

This article identifies the components that affect the reliability of the system «Driver-Car-Road-Traffic environment», highlights the factors that affect the reliability of operator activities related to vehicle management. The basics of «professional selection» depending on the implementation of training programs (retraining) of candidates for drivers of the relevant categories and subcategories are considered. A model of the process of forming a dynamic stereotype of safe driving techniques at the stage of practical training in a training center is presented.
THE USE OF AN INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM DURING LABORATORY WORK
Authors:   Orel State University, GRYADUNOVA E.N. , TOKMAKOVA M.A. ,   Orel State University, RODICHEVA I.V. ,   Orel State University, YAKYNINA M.A. ,   Orel State University
Published: July 2022

The article provides an example of conducting laboratory work using an information educational platform. The developed branched methodology of conducting a laboratory workshop with syn-chronous testing is presented. The evaluation of the block-modular technology of teaching labora-tory work is given. Recommendations are given on the further application of the presented meth-odology for related disciplines studied by students.
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin Predicts Intensive Care Unit Admission Diagnosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Katz-Greenberg Goni , Malinchoc Michael , Broyles Dennis L. , Oxman David , Hamrahian Seyed M. , Maarouf Omar H.
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (uNGAL) can distinguish intensive care unit (ICU) admission diagnosis, especially cardiogenic shock, where creatinine rise is a reflection of ischemia not injury.

uNGAL is an early predictor of AKI and its severity in the ICU, which can be a tool to tailor AKI intervention in the ICU.

uNGAL can predict AKI in the ICU despite urinary tract infection, which expands its utility.

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is most commonly caused by tubular injury and is associated with a wide variety of critical illnesses. It is well known that urinary biomarkers can lead to the early identification of AKI. However, the ability of urinary biomarkers to distinguish between different types of critical illness has been less studied.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, urinary neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (uNGAL) was measured in 107 patients consecutively admitted to the ICUs in our tertiary medical center. uNGAL samples were collected within 3–6 hours of admission to an ICU and measured by ELISA. All data were analyzed using R statistical software, and univariate analysis was used to determine the correlations of uNGAL levels with AKI stage, admission diagnoses, and ICU course.

Results

uNGAL level increased by a mean of 24-fold (SD 10–59) in ICU patients with AKI and demonstrated a significant correlation with the different AKI stages. uNGAL predicted the need for RRT, with values increased by more than 15-fold (P<0.05) in patients needing RRT, and remained a useful tool to predict AKI in ICU patients with a urinary tract infection. uNGAL level was correlated with certain ICU admitting diagnoses whereby uNGAL levels were lower in ICU patients with cardiogenic shock compared with other admission diagnoses (β=–1.92, P<0.05).

Conclusions

uNGAL can be used as an early predictor of AKI and its severity in patients admitted to the ICU, including the need for RRT. uNGAL may also help in distinguishing patients with cardiogenic shock from those with other critical illnesses and identifying those at risk for poor outcomes irrespective of the presence of AKI.
Mt. Olympus Cove Environmental Geology Study: An Alluvial Fan Case History
Authors: Kaliser B. N.
Published: July 2022

This environmental geology study of the Mt. Olympus Cove area is largely the result of concerns of Salt Lake County as expressed by the chairman of the County Commission and reiterated by the County Planning Commission, County Intergovernmental Relations Office, and the County Offices of Planning and Zoning, Surveyor, BUilding Inspection, and Flood Control. These concerns were shared by an ad hoc body constituted by the County Office of Intergovernmental Relations and consisting of technical representatives from the various county offices, Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Utah Division of Forestry, Utah State Water Laboratory, U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Soil Conservation Service, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Meetings of the ad hoc committee led to the awarding of two contracts: the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey was to study all aspects of the terrain that might have some bearing upon the future course of development of the study area, and the Utah State Water Laboratory was to evaluate the surface water hydrology of the study area. The two contractors were charged with acquiring all available data before development of original information relevant to their responsibilities. It was intended that the report of each contractor should complement the report of the other for the purpose of establishing an overall development plan for the Mt. Olympus Cove area.
Bonneville Salt Flats: A Possible Geothermal Area?
Authors: Whelan J. A. , Petersen Carol A.
Published: July 2022

In his paper on the hydrogeology of the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, L. J. Turk (1973) noted indications of an abnormally high geothermal gradient in several brackish water wells, several deep brine wells, and two warm springs in the Bonneville Salt Flats area. From Turk's data, Whelan noted both sets of wells are on essentially north-south lines and that water and brine temperatures are consistently higher to the south. In the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey's program of developing and publishing data on potential geothermal areas, it was considered appropriate to expand on the data furnished by Turk.
TAXATION INDICATORS AND COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF RIPE MIXED PINE AND SPRUCE STANDS IN GREENMOSS FORESTS
Authors: Danilov Dmitriy , Beliaeva Nataliia , Zaytsev Dmitriy , Anisimova Irina
Published: July 2022

The influence of the stand composition on taxation indicators and the stock of mature pine and spruce stands have been considered. The objects of study are forest stands with different proportions of pine and spruce in the most represented green moss forests of the landscape of the Tikhvin Ridge (Boksitogorsky forestry) of the Leningrad region. Stock assessment and determination of taxation indicators were carried out on trial plots laid out according to standard forestry methods. Commodity structure of the stand and different yield of assortments by size categories depend on the share of participation of one or another species in the composition of the plantation by the age of clear-cutting in the taiga zone in different types of forests. The purpose of the study was to determine optimal plantation composition in terms of stock and large-scale marketability by the age of maturity of the stand. The most productive in terms of stock and output of large-scale coniferous wood under the studied growing conditions are pine forests with a stand composition of 8C2E, 7C1E2B, 5C4E1B and spruce forests with a composition of 7E1C2B, 4E2C4Os+B. The obtained results of the study show that with an increase in the share of pine in the plantations of the green moss group of forest types, the yield of large-sized coniferous wood assortments increases by the age of a ripe forest stand
RESTORATION OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AFTER HERBICIDE STRESS
Authors: Bryndina Larisa , Svistova Irina , Baklanova Ol'ga
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of carbon sorbent from sewage sludge and sawdust (biochar) effect on the restoration of soil microbiome after herbicide treatment. At the genus level, 28 representatives were found in the original soil, 35.7% of which were aerobes. Of these, Gaiella and Methylotenera predominated. Of the anaerobic - most were Veillonella and Faecalibacterium. The proportion of microorganisms affected by the herbicide was 71.4%. 32% completely disappeared from the soil microbial community, 39.3% recovered after the introduction of biochar. There was a recovery almost to the original value of microorganisms of the genera Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, Gaiella, Ilumatobacter, Gemmatimonas. The number of Azotobacter increased by 7.3 times. In the soil subjected to herbicide treatment, the proportion of microorganisms exhibiting catalase activity decreases or completely disappears. Members of the genus Gaiella, known as catalase-positive bacteria, were absent in herbicide-treated soil. Their population resumed after soil treatment with biochar, . Intrasporangium, also being catalase positive, were reduced by more than 4 times under the action of the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with a biosorbent made it possible to restore their numbers by 56%. The introduction of biochar from sewage sludge and sawdust into the soil activated the soil microbiota. The assessment of α-diversity by the Shannon index showed a 1.5-fold decrease in the species diversity of the microbial community of the soil treated with the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with biochar restored the soil microbiome, with a Shannon index of 2.4.
THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION MODELING OF THE WORKING PROCESS OF THE ROTOR-THROWER OF A FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE
Authors: Drapalyuk Mikhail , Petkov Aleksandr , Pozdnyakov Anton
Published: July 2022

When solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of a forest fire soil-throwing machine containing a multi-stage rotor-thrower, a design is proposed in which the soil shaft is fully fed simultaneously to all blades of the multi-stage rotor-thrower. Determination of the kinematic parameters of the throwing process must be modeled taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires with soil, by substantiating the parameters of a soil-throwing machine based on simulation of the working process of a rotor-thrower. As a result of the computational experiment, graphs are presented for determining the soil outlet angle and the ejection range with a zero blade inclination angle and for determining the soil outlet angle and ejection distance with a combined blade inclination angle. For given values of disk radii, the maximum soil fraction is ejected by the third disk, and the minimum by the first one. Therefore, the result of the computational experiment on the ratio predictably places the maximum amount of soil (more than 30%) at the distance of overlapping the trajectories of movement of soil particles ejected by the first and third disks, namely, in the range from 10.4-11.2 m. Thus, the software package can calculate not only the trajectory of soil movement depending on the design and technological parameters of the thrower rotor, by which it is possible to estimate the size of the ejection layer, but also the distribution of soil in the layer. The distribution obtained as a result of a computational experiment can be used to accumulate a database on the range of the largest part of the ejected soil and to refine the layer of maximum backfilling, taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE CUTTER-THROWER OF FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE WITH THE FUNCTION OF FIRE-BREAK MAKER
Authors: Drapalyuk Mikhail , Popikov Petr , Goncharov P. , Druchinin Denis , Gnusov Maksim , Pozdnyakov Evgeniy , Petkov Aleksandr
Published: July 2022

To date, the problem of forest fires does not lose its relevance. New technical means are being developed to prevent and eliminate forest fires. The article describes laboratory tests of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker. To conduct experiments on the study and analysis of the process of throwing soil with a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker, a laboratory installation was developed and manufactured with the ability to change a large number of adjustment parameters with the ability to work in the soil channel of the MF and MD laboratory. The program of experimental studies included the study of the process of throwing soil with a throwing cutter equipped with 6, 4 or 3 blades, when working together with spherical disks with a diameter of 440 mm. The experimental studies were carried out as follows. Initially, by turning on the hydraulic drive, the cutter-thrower of the experimental sample of forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker was put into rotation. The speed of the cutter-thrower was 500 rpm. Then the attachment of the traction and energy trolley was put into operation, which lowered the cutter-thrower to contact with the soil. The trolley was set in motion at a constant speed of 0.28 m/s and covered a distance of 10 m in 36 to 38 s, taking into account acceleration and deceleration. The depth of the cutter-thrower was 0.15 m. At the end of the movement, it was braked and the hydraulic motor was turned off, which set the cutter-thrower in motion. The pressure characteristics of the working fluid, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the operation of the device, were taken using the strain gauge station ZetLab (ZET 058). According to the results of processing the experimental data, it was determined that it is rational to use 6 blades to equip the design of the cutter-thrower. The optimal value of the angle γ of their installation is -10º.
Environment Aspects in Moondraam Ulagappor Novel
Authors: M Rajakumari
Published: July 2022

"Moondram Ulaga Por" is a novel written by the Great Poet Vairamuthu on Global warming and its threats. It was chosen as the best novel among the World Tamil novels by Dutto Sri Soma Trust and was awarded a cash prize of 10,000 American Dollars. The novel throws light on the ill effects of population explosion, materialism, modernism, excessive use of automobiles which pollutes the environment. Karuthamayee, Ishimoora, Chinnapandi and Emily are the main characters of the novel. Karuthamaayee is introduced as a proud farmer and he is depicted as a familiar character from our neighbourhood. Chinnapaandi is an efficient young man who has been graduated in Agriculture. He inspires the youngsters of his village with his knowledge and vigour. The writer tries to implore the readers by emphasizing on the fact that discipline and environmental sustainability are possible only if there is change individual's behaviour. The writer produces statistical evidences thereby creating awareness to the selfish society. This article focuses on the eco-critical reading of the novel as environmental sustainability is the need of the hour and more over it is the social responsibility of each and every individual.
Tactics of Neurosurgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Neuropathies with Chronic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Сидорович Р.Р.
Published: July 2022

В статье описана тактика нейрохирургического лечения пациентов с хроническими болевыми синдромами, связанными с посттравматическими невропатиями, приводится перечень необходимых диагностических процедур и критериев для оценки консервативного лечения пациентов с данной патологией. На основании проведенного исследования разработаны перечень показаний, сроков и алгоритм тактики нейрохирургического лечения хронического болевого синдрома, а также проведен анализ ближайших и отдаленных результатов лечения, выполненного с помощью данного алгоритма.

The article describes the tactics of neurosurgical treatment of patients with chronic pain syndromes associated with post-traumatic neuropathies. The author provides a list of necessary diagnostic procedures and criteria for evaluating the conservative treatment of patients in this group. Based on the conducted retrospective study, the author developed a list of indications, terms and an algorithm for the tactics of neurosurgical treatment of chronic pain syndrome, and also analysed the immediate and long-term results of treatment performed using this algorithm.
Cerebral Infarction in a Pediatric Patient Associated with COVID-19 Infection. Case Report
Authors: Левшук О.Н. , Куликова С.Л. , Лихачев С.А. , Козич П.В. , Дмитриев В.В.
Published: July 2022

Церебральная артериопатия, возникающая в силу различных механизмов, является наиболее частой причиной инфаркта мозга в детском возрасте. Одна из причин вторичных церебральных васкулитов у детей – недавно перенесенные либо активные вирусные инфекции. В статье представлено описание клинического случая ребенка 11 лет, у которого развился инфаркт мозга в бассейне средней мозговой артерии (СМА) вследствие COVID-19-ассоциированного церебрального васкулита с рецидивирующим тромбозом. Исключены наследственные тромбофилии, антифосфолипидный синдром, патология сердца и диссекция. Проведенная тромбэктомия в первые 4,5 часа от момента появления клинических симптомов обеспечила восстановление кровотока по СМА, однако ввиду развивающегося васкулита и продолженного стенозирования внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА) и СМА достигнутый эффект был кратковременным. Помимо хирургического лечения применяли глюкокортикостероиды (ГКС), антикоагулянты и антиагреганты. При наблюдении в катамнезе (1,5 года) рецидивов инфаркта мозга не наблюдалось. Представленное клиническое наблюдение демонстрирует, что инфекция COVID-19 может быть причиной инсульта не только у взрослых, но и у детей, в связи с чем требуется разработка рекомендаций по лечению пациентов детского возраста с инфарктом мозга, ассоциированным с COVID-19-инфекцией.

Cerebral arteriopathy, occurring due to various mechanisms, is the most common cause of cerebral infarction in childhood. One of the causes of secondary cerebral vasculitis in children is recent or active viral infections. The article presents a description of a clinical case of an 11-year-old patient who has had a cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) due to COVID-19-associated cerebral vasculitis with recurrent thrombosis. Hereditary thrombophilias, antiphospholipid syndrome, cardiac pathology and dissection have been excluded. Thanks to thrombectomy that has been carried out during 4.5 hours after the clinical symptoms appeared, the blood flow in the MCA has been restored. However, due to developing vasculitis and continuing stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and MCA, only short-term effect has been achieved. In addition to surgical treatment, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), anticoagulants and antiaggregants have been used. During catamnesis (1.5 years), there have been no recurrences of cerebral infarction. The clinical observation presented shows that COVID-19 infection can cause stroke not only in adults, but also in children, and therefore it is necessary to work out recommendations for the treatment of pediatric patients with cerebral infarction associated with COVID-19 infection.
José de Alencar in Cena: Estudos da Dramaturgia Alencariana. Volume 2
Authors: Eiras Coelho Soares Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Lima Francisco Wellington , Torres Pereira Marcos Paulo , Barros Leal Tito
Published: July 2022

Os autores deste segundo volume de Alencar In Cena deixam uma contribuição incontornável para a nossa compreensão desse universo particular de Alencar, fazendo avançar, apesar destes tempos sombrios, a produção do conhecimento e o serviço à cultura brasileira. A nossa gratidão, sucedida de imediato pelo apetite da leitura de cada um dos capítulos que se descortinarão nas páginas a seguir.
Uma teoria da religião em Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Telles Melo Flávio
Published: July 2022

O século XX foi fortemente marcado pelo fenômeno da secularização, porém, se concluiu com o renovado interesse pela religião, o que se estende ao século atual. O debate sobre a presença da religião na esfera pública leva em consideração as implicações do processo de secularização e a pretensão de privatização da religião como ulterior desdobramento de tal processo. Pensar a religião para além do secularismo e o papel que cumpre na sociedade pós-metafísica ainda permanece uma problemática em aberto, com muitos intérpretes e com contribuições significativas de pensadores da envergadura, por exemplo, de Jürgen Habermas. É nesse intuito que a obra “Uma Teoria da Religião em Jürgen Habermas”, de autoria de Flávio Telles Melo, chega ao conhecimento do público em geral, o alçando à condição de intérprete do pensamento habermasiano no cenário brasileiro. Ulteriores aprofundamentos e reflexões serão possíveis com a leitura da referida, não cabendo aqui apresentar os temas abordados pelo autor.