bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le commensalisme : un concept controversé. L'exemple de Nereis fucata
Authors: Poreau Brice
Published: March 2017

Le commensalisme est un concept développé dans la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle, notamment par Pierre Joseph Van Beneden (1809-1894). D'un point de vue d'historien des sciences, il est possible de se demander quelle est la portée de ce concept lors des décennies ultérieures dans le monde scientifique de la biologie et plus particulièrement de la zoologie. Un exemple d'association est ici approfondi ; il s'agit de Nereis fucata avec Eupagurus bernhardus. Cet exemple est intéressant, car il a été étudié dès la théorisation du commensalisme, et va permettre de montrer les limites de ce concept. Entre Caullery, Chevreux, Coupin ou encore Rabaud, quelles sont les différentes visions du commensalisme ?
Athous subtomentosus nov. sp., une nouvelle espèce du sud de la France (Coleoptera Elateridae)
Authors: Leseigneur Lucien
Published: March 2017

Description d'une espèce d' Athous, s. g. Orthathous , voisine d' Athous (Orthathous) tomentosus Mulsant & Guillebeau, 1855, découverte au sud du Massif central (France) et qui semble être endémique de cette région.
Meira mellei n. sp. du mont Tanargue, Massif central, France (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
Authors: Delaunay Lionel
Published: March 2017

Meira mellei n. sp. from the Tanargue mountains, Massif central, France (Coleoptera Curculionidae)

A new species of curculionid beetle of the genus Meira Jacquelin du Val 1852, M. mellei n. sp., is described from Tanargue mountains (Ardèche, France). It is closely related to M. straneoi F. Solari 1954 from which it differs in the shape of the aedeagus. Relevant external characters as well as the male and female genitalia are illustrated.
A propos d'Heteropoda belua Jäger, Sparassidae (Araneae) trogophile de Bornéo
Authors: Dierkens Michaël
Published: March 2017

About Heteropoda belua Jäger, cave-dwelling Sparassidae (Araneae) from Borneo

The recolt of a specimen of Heteropoda belua Jäger 2005 enable to precise the distribution of this species. It consists on the second citation of this species.
Deux nouveaux Lesticus du groupe de chloronotus Chaudoir, 1868 (Coleoptera, Pterostichidae, Trigonotomi)
Authors: Dubault Gérard , Lassalle Bernard , Roux Philippe
Published: March 2017

Deux Lesticus nouveaux appartenant au groupe de Lesticus chloronotus Chaudoir, 1868, sont décrits : Lesticus ebeninus (détroit de Torrès, Australie) et Lesticus salomonensis (îles Salomon). Un tableau de détermination de toutes les espèces du groupe est fourni.
Description du premier Trechus endémique de Tunisie (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechini)
Authors: Ollivier Éric , Queinnec Éric
Published: March 2017

Description of the first endemic Trechus species from Tunisia (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechini). - Compared with other countries of Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria), Tunisia offers a lower level of endemism, especially with regard to beetles. In this work, we describe the first endemic Trechini of this country : Trechus echarouxi n. sp. Paradoxically, this species was collected in an cultivated area of mediterranean mountain, apparently offering little ecosystemic specificity and whose characteristics are widespread in the Maghreb. We propose the incorporation of this new species into the group of T. algiricus Jeannel.
Code international de nomenclature botanique : ce qui va bientôt changer
Authors: Van Vooren Nicolas
Published: March 2017

Le dernier Congrès botanique international qui s'est déroulé à Melbourne (Australie), en juillet 2011, a adopté plusieurs amendements du Code de nomenclature, notamment concernant la publication de nouveautés taxinomiques et leurs conditions de validité. Nous donnons ici un aperçu de ces nouvelles dispositions.
Le commensalisme chez les Hyménoptères : les limites du concept
Authors: Poreau Brice
Published: March 2017

Commensalism with Hymenoptera : the limits of the concept. - Commensalism is a kind of association between one species getting an advantage of this association whereas the other species does not get any advantage or disadvantage. Some studies have been carried out in order to observe the commensalism in some species, like Hymenopteras. These studies were developped at the end of the XIXth century and at the beginning of the XXth century, and particularly on ants. Moreover, it may be possible to extend the concept of commensalism to only one species, using the works of these naturalists. These naturalists put forward also a specificity of these societies : is commensalism the right concept to describe this uniqueness ?
Investigations sur la faune cécidogène d'altitude dans le Parc National des Ecrins
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: March 2017

A survey of the gall-inducing fauna of uplands in the "Parc National des Ecrins" (French Alps). - The cecidogenic fauna (gall-inducing arthropods) of "'Parc National des Ecrins" (French Alps, south-east of Grenoble) was surveyed, from 500 to 2700 m above sea level. About 2300 occurrences, distributed among more than a hundred localities, provide 345 cecidogenic species, out of which fifty offer some character of novelty, being either new for France or even suspected to be new to Science. The distribution of a total of 128 mites, 47 bugs, 4 beetles, 4 moths, 116 flies and 44 wasps was assessed. These investigations are part of a more general survey of the cecidogenic fauna of centre, east and south parts of France. The interest attached to this ongoing survey is not only trying to improve our knowledge of this still rather neglected part of the biodiversity but also to acknowledge the promising tracks that gall-inducers likely open towards the future developments of "genetic engeneering", when the latter will move beyond the 'purely genetic' stage to rejoin the "cecidogen model", which has play "epigenetic" for a lot of millions of years, while manipulating the morphogenese of host-plant tissues.
Plantes observées sur un bras de la Saône à Saint-Germain-au Mont-d'Or (Rhône, France)
Authors: Denninger Claude , van Maanen Marten
Published: March 2017

Ce bras de la Saône, de 370 m de long et 20 m de large environ, sans courant apparent, présente une flore variée, particulièrement parmi les hélophytes et les hydrophytes. Concernant les premières, il convient de citer Aconts calamus, Carex pseudocypents, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Senecio paludosus. Pour les secondes, Nctias marina , Trapa natans et Vallisneria spiralis. Sur les berges, on observe Althaea officinalis , Bidens tripartita , Euphorbia esula, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria.
Présence de la musaraigne de Miller Neomys anomalus Cabrera 1907 (Soricomorpha, Soricidae) dans l'isle Crémieu (Isère, France)
Authors: Brunet-Lecomte Patrick , Noblet Jean-françois
Published: March 2017

Cette note mentionne et commente la présence de la musaraigne de Miller Neomys anomalus Cabrera, 1907 dans l'Isle Crémieu (Isère, France).
Antrodielia pirumspora, espèce nouvelle, saprotrophe de Trametella trogii
Authors: Rivoire Bernard , Gannaz Marcel
Published: March 2017

Antrodiella pirumspora, a new species living off the dead sporocarps of Trametella trogii. - A new species is described belonging to the genus Antrodiella Ryvarden & Johansen, 1980. It grows on dead basidiomes of Trametella trogii (Berkeley) Domanski, 1 968. A key is proposed for the species of Antrodiella found in France on broad-leaved trees and with elliptical basidiospores.
Validation de la description d'Ophrys fuciflora (FW. Schmidt) Moench subsp. montiliensis Aubenas & Scappaticci subsp. nova
Authors: Aubenas André , Scappaticci Gil
Published: March 2017

Validation de la description d' Ophrys fuciflora (F.W. Schmidt) Moench subsp. montiliensis publiée dans le Bull. mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 81 (7-8) : 177-184.
Nouvelle citation de Corticarina parvula (Mannerheim) en Oisans
Authors: Chevaillot Fred , Dodelin Benoît
Published: March 2017

Une quatrième citation française de Corticarina parvula (Coleoptera, Latridiidae) est signalée.
Downregulation of miR-222 Induces Apoptosis and Cellular Migration in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhou Ziliang , Zhou Lijie , Jiang Fangfang , Zeng Binghui , Wei Changbo , Zhao Wei , Yu Dongsheng
Published: March 2017

Previous studies have shown that miR-222 targets the p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) to regulate cell biological behavior in some human malignancies. We hypothesized that there was a negative regulation, which might induce apoptosis, between miR-222 and PUMA in adenoid
cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, the expression levels of miR-222 and the PUMA gene after transfection with antisense miR-222 (As-miR-222) were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot assays. Cell proliferation and migratory abilities were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Cell cycle
and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that, when compared with the control and scramble-transfected groups, the expression of miR-222 in the As-miR-222 group was downregulated, while the expression of PUMA at both mRNA and protein levels was upregulated, cell proliferation
and migratory abilities were inhibited, and apoptosis was increased. Our results suggested that As-miR-222 transfection could upregulate the expression of PUMA to induce apoptosis in ACC, providing a new concept for the treatment of ACC.
Evolution of woody life form on tropical mountains in the tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Neupane Suman , Lewis Paul O. , Dessein Steven , Shanks Hunter , Paudyal Sushil , Lens Frederic
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Spermacoceae are mainly an herbaceous group in the Rubiaceae. However, a few lineages are woody and are found in a diverse range of habitat types. Three of the largest woody lineages (Arcytophyllum, Hedyotis, and Kadua) are characterized by their distribution in the moist tropical mountains and have disjunct distribution patterns with respect to their closest relatives. In this study, we explore the cases of derived woodiness in these three lineages and their diversification dynamics in the tropical mountains of Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas.

METHODS:

By combining phylogenetic results with wood anatomical studies, we estimated timing of origin of the three woody groups, inferred their ancestral traits and ancestral distribution ranges, analyzed their associations with the tropical upland habitat, and elucidated their diversification across tropical mountains.

KEY RESULTS:

The three woody clades originated and diversified from herbaceous ancestors in close association with the tropical upland habitat during the Miocene. The ancestral range for Asian‐Pacific Hedyotis is Africa/Madagascar and continental Asia for Pacific Kadua. The complex geological history of tropical Asia allowed Hedyotis to diversify faster and create narrow endemics near oceans in the highlands of the Western Ghats in India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia including southeastern China, and New Guinea.

CONCLUSIONS:

The three major woody clades in Spermacoceae have gained their woodiness independently from one another, subsequent to colonization by their ancestors from a different geographic environment. The evolution and diversification along the tropical mountain orogeny is strongly linked with the formation of woody habit and many narrow endemic species.
Tracing Interstellar Magnetic Field Using Velocity Gradient Technique: Application to Atomic Hydrogen Data
Authors: Yuen Ka Ho , Lazarian A.
Published: March 2017

The advancement of our understanding of MHD turbulence opens ways to develop new techniques to probe magnetic fields. In MHD turbulence, the velocity gradients are expected to be perpendicular to magnetic fields and this fact was used by González-Casanova & Lazarian to introduce a new technique to trace magnetic fields using velocity centroid gradients (VCGs). The latter can be obtained from spectroscopic observations. We apply the technique to GALFA-H i survey data and then compare the directions of magnetic fields obtained with our technique to the direction of magnetic fields obtained using PLANCK polarization. We find an excellent correspondence between the two ways of magnetic field tracing, which is obvious via the visual comparison and through the measuring of the statistics of magnetic field fluctuations obtained with the polarization data and our technique. This suggests that the VCGs have a potential for measuring of the foreground magnetic field fluctuations, and thus provide a new way of separating foreground and CMB polarization signals.
« Les séniors en tête de gondole » Âge, compétences et relation de service dans la grande distribution
Authors: Fache Philippe , Waelli Mathias
Published: March 2017

Depuis plus d’une décennie, les entreprises adoptent progressivement des « politiques actives des âges », en particulier en France où le contexte légal impose depuis 2009 le maintien des séniors dans l’emploi. La grande distribution a historiquement structuré ses organisations autour de la figure de la jeunesse. Paradoxalement, elle est aujourd’hui devenue un véritable laboratoire d’expérimentation en matière d’emploi des séniors. Centré sur des investigations ethnographiques en magasins et auprès de responsables de ressources humaines en France et aux Etats unis, cet article pose la question de la place des séniors dans la relation de service. Il montre qu’elle tend à se consolider autour de deux points d’ancrage : l’identification réflexive entre la clientèle et le personnel au contact d’abord et de l’autre côté la reconnaissance progressive d’une expérience propre à susciter la confiance du client.
Offshore balancing : une stratégie globale plus efficace pour les États-Unis
Authors: Mearsheimer John J. , Walt Stephen M.
Published: March 2017

Pour la première fois dans l’histoire récente des États-Unis, de nombreux Américains remettent ouvertement en question la stratégie globale de leur pays. Cela ne devrait surprendre personne au vu des résultats désastreux qu’elle a engendrés au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. Mais en poursuivant une stratégie d’« offshore balancing », les États-Unis renonceraient à leurs ambitieux efforts de remodeler les autres sociétés afin de se concentrer sur l’essentiel, c’est-à-dire maintenir leur domination dans l’hémisphère occidental tout en luttant contre de potentielles puissances hégémoniques en Europe, en Asie du Nord-Est et dans le golfe Persique. Il s’agit plus exactement d’assurer une gestion plus parcimonieuse de leurs atouts afin de maintenir leur suprématie sur le long terme et de protéger leur liberté sur le territoire national.
Géopolitique et géoéconomie de la Chine : nouveau pacte du Quincy ou consensus de Beijing ?
Authors: Hache Emmanuel , Rol Sandrine
Published: March 2017

Exportatrice nette de pétrole brut jusqu’en 1993, la Chine est devenue le premier importateur mondial en 2014 et le deuxième consommateur, alors que sa production intérieure plafonne autour de 4 millions de barils par jour depuis 2010. La sécurisation des approvisionnements est devenue un axe majeur de la politique de sécurité énergétique du pays. Pour y répondre, la Chine a suivi plusieurs voies : diversification des sources d’approvisionnements, investissements dans les infrastructures d’importations, investissements à l’étranger dans l’amont pétrolier, etc. Au Moyen-Orient comme ailleurs, elle a développé des relations avec chaque pays et est parvenue, jusqu’ici, à ne prendre part à aucun conflit ou différent local. Compte tenu de la singularité de la situation de la zone, la question d’une évolution de la stratégie chinoise mérite d’être posée. La Chine parviendra-t-elle à ses fins sans infléchir sa position non interventionniste ? 1
L’innovation déflationniste
Authors: Noailles-Siméon Patrice
Published: March 2017

En illustrant son propos par les exemples du prix des télécommunications mobiles en France entre 2008 et 2011, du développement de la micro-électronique, de l’économie numérique et notamment des sites collaboratifs, l’auteur met en évidence le caractère monétaire déflationniste de l’innovation et montre que la valeur globale créée par l’innovation n’est pas liée de façon mécanique à son prix. Il montre comment le « voile monétaire » est modifié par les innovations. Dans un monde où le « voile monétaire » évolue très rapidement sous l’effet d’innovations de rupture, cet article souligne un mécanisme de démonétisation de l’économie : dans certaines conditions, on peut créer de la valeur avec des prix qui baissent, on peut augmenter la richesse globale en baissant le volume monétaire de la production ; la productivité apparente mesurée aux prix courants peut baisser alors qu’elle augmente en réalité. En toile de fond, on aperçoit deux débats fondamentaux sur le rôle économique de la monnaie et sur l’esquisse d’une nouvelle croissance. Comme tous les articles exploratoires sur un sujet encore peu commenté, cet article s’efforce d’abord de définir des notions fondamentales et de préciser quelques questions. C’est autant un programme de travail qu’une synthèse sur les possibilités actuelles d’analyse.
Guidelines for Defining Biologically Important Bat Roosts: A Case Study from Colorado
Authors: Neubaum Daniel J. , Navo Kirk W. , Siemers Jeremy L.
Published: March 2017

Conservation of roosts is regularly recommended as a strategy to decrease the risk of threats to local bat populations (e.g., white-nose syndrome). Determining whether a roost site plays a meaningful role in maintaining a local bat population can be difficult given the variability found in roost structure type, and use by season, duration, and sex. Here we provide land managers and biologists with guidelines to aid in the decision process for determining which roosts are biologically important in maintaining healthy bat populations at a local scale. We define methods for determining biologically important roost sites and provide a case study of their use on bat roosts in Colorado. To be considered biologically important, we suggest that a roost meet two primary criteria: 1) it is considered a hibernaculum, maternity roost, transient roost, colonial bachelor roost, or fall swarming site used by bat species that are gregarious roosters, hibernators, or are known to swarm, and 2) if the site is disturbed or lost, it could affect 5% or more of the local population of the species, as defined by the investigator. Additive measures to further evaluate the importance of the roost and assign higher conservation value include: 1) a roost used by a special status species and 2) large aggregations of bats where an estimated 20% or more of the local population is roosting or swarming at the site. We also provide definitions for the seasonality of roost types, examples of several real-life scenarios where management decisions have been made for roosts, and a worksheet that helps guide users through the process.
Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Askarzadeh Alireza , Rashedi Esmat
Published: March 2017

Harmony search (HS) is a meta-heuristic search algorithm which tries to mimic the improvisation process of musicians in finding a pleasing harmony. In recent years, due to some advantages, HS has received a significant attention. HS is easy to implement, converges quickly to the optimal solution and finds a good enough solution in a reasonable amount of computational time. The merits of HS algorithm have led to its application to optimization problems of different engineering areas. In this chapter, the concepts and performance of HS algorithm are shown and some engineering applications are reviewed. It is observed that HS has shown promising performance in solving difficult optimization problems and different versions of this algorithm have been developed. In the next years, it is expected that HS is applied to more real optimization problems.
An Incremental Evolutionary Approach to Tabu Search
Authors: Suzuki Yoshinori , Cortes Juan David
Published: March 2017

Based on recent viral transmission events in the swine species, we present a new framework to implement and execute tabu search (TS). The framework mimics the gradual evolutionary process observed when certain flu viruses move from one host population to another. It consists of three steps: (1) executing TS on a smaller subset of the original problem, (2) using one of its promising solutions as an initial solution for a marginally larger problem, and (3) repeating this process until the original problem is reached and solved. Numerical experiments conducted with randomly-generated vehicle routing instances demonstrate interesting results.
Intelligent Demand Forecasting and Replenishment System by Using Nature-Inspired Computing
Authors: Nanda Pragyan , Patnaik Sritam , Patnaik Srikanta
Published: March 2017

The fashion apparel industry is too diverse, volatile and uncertain due to the fast changing market scenario. Forecasting demands of consumers has become survival necessity for organizations dealing with this field. Many traditional approaches have been proposed for improving the computational time and accuracy of the forecasting system. However, most of the approaches have over-looked the uncertainty existing in the fashion apparel market due to certain unpredictable events such as new trends, new promotions and advertisements, sudden rise and fall in economic conditions and so on. In this chapter, an intelligent multi-agent based demand forecasting and replenishment system has been proposed that adopts features from nature-inspired computing for handling uncertainty of the fashion apparel industry. The proposed system is inspired from the group hunting behaviour of crocodiles such as they form temporary alliances with other crocodiles for their own benefit even after being territorial creatures.
Role Allocation in a Group of Control Objects
Authors: Abrosimov Viacheslav
Published: March 2017

The efficiency of control objects that fulfill economic and military tasks in groups depends on the correct role allocation among them. This paper develops a role allocation algorithm for control objects jointly fulfilling a collective task. Control objects are represented as intelligent agents with some capabilities and needs. The problem is solved by ranking the agents based on their closeness to given roles in terms of their functionality and characteristics. The efficiency of the suggested approach is illustrated by allocating the role of reconnaissance aircraft in the group attack problem with a protected target.
The effect of cold storage of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on subsequent flight capacity
Authors: Matveev E. , Kwon J.J. , Judd G.J.R. , Evenden M.L.
Published: March 2017

Flight capacity of codling moths, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was measured with computer-linked flight mills following exposure to one of two temperature regimes. Codling moth adults were held for 24 hours before flight under either chilled (2 °C) or unchilled (24 °C) conditions. The chilling treatment emulated conditions that codling moths are exposed to pre-release in the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Programme. Moths were assayed on flight mills for eight hours to obtain a measure of flight capacity based on total flight distance. Energy use was assessed by weight loss during flight and post-flight body lipid content compared with similarly treated moths that did not fly. Flight distance did not vary with pre-flight temperature treatment, however moth pre-flight weight influenced flight capacity; heavier moths flew further. Moths chilled before the bioassay used less energy based on reduced weight loss and higher lipid content post bioassay as compared with unchilled moths. The current cold storage procedure used in the SIR Programme does not negatively influence subsequent flight capacity and reduces energy use during flight. Codling moths can fly on average between 7–10km in an eight-hour flight mill bioassay and lipids, at least in part, are used to fuel flight.
Distinct Expression and Function of FcεRII in Human B Cells and Monocytes
Authors: Peng Wenming , Grobe William , Walgenbach-Brünagel Gisela , Flicker Sabine , Yu Chunfeng , Sylvester Marc , Allam Jean-Pierre , Oldenburg Johannes , Garbi Natalio , Valenta Rudolf , Novak Natalija
Published: March 2017

FcεRII is a multifunctional low-affinity IgER that is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Although discrepancies in FcεRII-mediated functions are being increasingly recognized, the consequences of FcεRII activation are not completely understood. In this study, we evaluated the expression of FcεRII on human blood cells and found that it was primarily expressed on monocytes and B cells. Although IL-4 promoted expression of the FcεRIIb isoform on B cells and monocytes, the expression of the FcεRIIa isoform was not dependent on IL-4. Furthermore, FcεRII predominantly bound allergen–IgE complexes on B cells but not on monocytes. FcεRII-mediated allergen–IgE complex uptake by B cells directed Ags to MHC class II–rich compartments. FcεRII-bearing monocytes and B cells expressed high levels of the FcεRII sheddase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10, which implies that they are important sources of soluble FcεRII. Moreover, we identified that IgE immune complex stimulation of FcεRII activated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation via Syk in B cells but not in monocytes. Importantly, FcεRII-mediated signaling by allergen–IgE immune complexes increased IFN-γ production in B cells of allergic patients during the build-up phase of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Together, our results demonstrate that FcεRII mediates cell type-dependent function in allergic reactions. In addition, the results identify a novel allergen–IgE complex/FcεRII/Syk/IFN-γ pathway in allergic responses and suggest that FcεRII may play a role in regulating allergic reactions via modulating IFN-γ production in B cells.
NK Cells Alleviate Lung Inflammation by Negatively Regulating Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Bi Jiacheng , Cui Lulu , Yu Guang , Yang Xiaolu , Chen Youhai , Wan Xiaochun
Published: March 2017

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in orchestrating type II immune responses. However, the cellular mechanisms of group 2 innate lymphoid cell regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that activated NK cells inhibited the proliferation of, as well as IL-5 and IL-13 production by, ILC2s in vitro via IFN-γ. In addition, in a murine model of ILC2 expansion in the liver, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, an NK cell–activating agent, inhibited ILC2 proliferation, IL-5 and IL-13 production, and eosinophil recruitment. Such effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid were abrogated in NK cell–depleted mice and in IFN-γ–deficient mice. Adoptively transferring wild-type NK cells into NK cell–depleted mice resulted in fewer ILC2s induced by IL-33 compared with the transfer of IFN-γ–deficient NK cells. Importantly, during the early stage of papain- or bleomycin-induced lung inflammation, depletion of NK cells resulted in increased ILC2 numbers and enhanced cytokine production by ILC2s, as well as aggravated eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia. Collectively, these data show that NK cells negatively regulate ILC2s during the early stage of lung inflammation, which represents the novel cellular interaction between two family members of ILCs.
MRI/US fusion prostate biopsy: Our initial experience
Authors: Lacetera Vito , Cervelli Bernardo , Cicetti Antonio , Gabrielloni Giuliana , Montesi Michele , Morcellini Roberto , Parri Gianni , Recanatini Emilio , Giglioni Gianluca , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Beatrici Valerio
Published: March 2017

Aim: The objective of this study is to present our initial experience with magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion biopsy using the Koelis Trinity device after the first consecutive 59 patients. Materials and methods: 59 consecutive patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCA) underwent prostate biopsy using Trinity Koelis® (Koelis, Grenoble, France). We divided the patients into 2 groups: patients with a previous negative mapping underwent to a MRI/US fusion re-biopsy (Group A); and biopsy-naïve patients who underwent to a first stereotactic 3-D mapping of the prostate (Group B). Group A (22 patients):mean age 64 years (CI 48-73), mean PSA = 7.7 ng/ml (CI 4.2- 9.9); mean prostate volume 55 ml(CI 45-82), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) positive in 2/22, number of lesions detected by MRI 1.4, mean cores from each MRI target lesion 3 (CI 2-5), mean total cores 15 ( CI 12-19). Group B (37 patients): mean age 66 years (CI 49-77), mean PSA= 4.7 (3.2- 7.9); mean prostate volume 45 ml (33-67), DRE positive in 5/37, mean total cores 14 ( CI 10-16) Results: In Group A 10/22 patients were positive for PCA (overall detection rate of 45.5%): 6 PCA were detected by target biopsy and 4 cancer by random biopsy. Significant prostate cancer (defined as the presence of Gleason pattern 4) was detected in 4/10 patients (Significant PCA detection rate of 40%) and all significant PCA were detected by MRI target biopsy. All PCA detected by random biopsy had Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6. In Group B (biopsy naïve patients) 14/37 patients were positive for PCA (overall detection rate of 37.8%), Significant prostate cancer was detected in 5/14 patients (Significant PCA detection rate of 35,7%). No significant side effects were recorded. Conclusions: Our overall detection rate was 45.5% and 37.8% in Group A (patients with previous negative biopsy and persistent suspicion of PCA) and in Group B (biopsy naïve patients) respectively; clinical significant PCA detection rate was respectively 40% and 35.7%. These results are similar to current literature and promising for the future. We believe that using platforms of co-registered MRI/US fusion biopsy can potentially improve risk stratification and reduces understaging, undergrading and the need for repeat biopsies in biopsy naïve patients (using a stereotactic first mapping) and in patients with previous negative biopsy and persistent suspicion of PCA ( using a second MRI/US fusion biopsy).
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy: Three different types of local anesthesia
Authors: Anastasi Giuseppina , Subba Enrica , Pappalardo Rosa , Macchione Luciano , Ricotta Gioacchino , Muscarà Graziella , Lembo Francesco , Magno Carlo
Published: March 2017

Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is regarded as the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis. The majority of patients perceive TRUS-guided prostate biopsy as a physically and psychologically traumatic experience. We aimed to compare in this paper the efficacy of three different anesthesia techniques to control the pain during the procedure. Materials and methods: 150 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy were randomly divided into three groups. Group A included 50 patients who received one hour before the procedure a mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine, Group B: 50 patients who received intrarectal local anesthetic administration (lidocaine 5 ml 10%) and lidocaine local spray 15 % and Group C included 50 patients who received periprostatic block anesthesia (lidocaine 10 ml 10%). Visual analogue scale (VAS) of patients in different groups was evaluated at the end of the biopsy and 30 minutes after the procedure. Results: The VAS of patients in Group A was 1.32 ± 0.65 (VAS I) and 2.47 ± 0.80 (VAS II). In group B the VAS of patients was 1.09 ± 0.47 (VAS I) and 1.65 ± 0.61 (VAS II). In group C the VAS of patients was 2.63 ± 0.78 (VAS I) and 1.70 ± 0.85 (VAS II). There was no statistically significant difference in term of VAS I between group A and B. A statistically significant difference was determined in terms of VAS II between group A and B. There was no statistically significant difference in term of VAS between group B and C. Conclusions: The most effective of the three methods for pain control we used was intrarectal local anesthetic administration and lidocaine local spray 15% that enables an ideal patient comfort.
Pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula of the prostate after pelvic trauma: Ultrasound imaging
Authors: Galosi Andrea B. , Capretti Camilla , Leone Luca , Tiroli Marco , Cantoro Daniele , Polito Massimo
Published: March 2017

Pseudoaneurysm (PA) associated with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the internal pudendal artery branches are very uncommon. We report a case of post-traumatic PA with AVF connected to Santorini plexus. Diagnosis was made with trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) after recurrent hematuria. TRUS reported a 1.7 × 1.4 × 1.5 cm anechoic area, on anterior prostate apex close to Santorini plexus. The use of color Doppler in this area revealed high flow velocity that was indicative for AVF. The feeding artery was a distal branch of the left pudenda artery. After selective embolization was observed complete occlusion of the feeding branches and disappearance of PA with AVF. Prostate PA with concomitant symptomatic AVF detected with TRUS has not yet described in literature after pelvic trauma and represents complex diagnostic challenges. This case report suggests that the use of TURS and color Doppler can provide an important diagnostic and follow-up to address the clinical suspicion of occult vascular injuries using a noninvasive approach.
Who “apparently” more spends, “in reality” spends less. Spending “a little” more for the rental of the extracorporeal lithotripter can save “a lot” about the days of hospitalization for urinary stones
Authors: Albino Giuseppe , Albergo Francesco
Published: March 2017

Objective: The right to health (according to the Article 32 of the Italian Republic Constitution) is financially conditioned; for this reason the National Health System (NHS) has the objective of rationalize health expenditure according to the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and economy. This paper is an example of rationalization concerning the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Materials and methods: Hospital admissions for urinary stones were taken into account. "Edotto", the database of the Puglia region has identified 23 inpatient admissions during which was performed ESWL. A single operator performed ESWLs with a Storz lithotripter, Modulith SLK. Results: The average hospital stay is conditioned by days "to wait" lithotripsy. In 2014 the hospitalization days "waiting for" lithotripsy were 100. The results were subjected to SWOT analysis and discussed with the Boston Consulting Group Matrix. Discussion: Constant availability of the lithotripter would spare 100 days of hospitalization, amounting to € 88,200.00. This waste of resources corresponds to an additional cost equal to 98.3% on the cost for the rental of the lithotripter. Instead, reducing "unnecessary" hospitalization days would get a saving of 79.3% on the rental cost. It is as if for 46 days of the lithotripter rent were paid 46 days, while for 365 days of the lithotripter rent were paid only 11.8 sessions per year. Conclusions: Rationalization of resources is not necessarily a synonym of "reduction" of resources, but of reduction of waste in the NHS. A good plan is the most important rational basis to get more resources. About the process taken into account it is seen as an investment of € 21,450.00 would keep unchanged the effectiveness of lithotripsy service but would add efficiency and economy (increase of sessions/year, increase in the active mobility, increase in orthopedic treatments) and would drastically reduce the number hospital days (a waste).
The importance of potassium citrate and potassium bicarbonate in the treatment of uric acid renal stones
Authors: Barbera Michele , Tsirgiotis Andreas , Barbera Mauro , Paola Quintino
Published: March 2017

Uric acid calculi can also be treated without surgery, with simple medical lytic therapy. After appropriate dietary adjustments and add of mineral water, the needed amount of alkali supplementation can increase pH values of the urine in order to dissolve the stones. Treatment should be prolonged to prevent stone recurrence. A case of bilateral renal uric acid stones that were successfully treated by alakalizing treatment was presented.
Ultrasound features of a metastatic seminal vesicle melanoma: A case report
Authors: Fabiani Andrea , Principi Emanuele , Filosa Alessandra , Fioretti Fabrizio , Maurelli Valentina , Servi Lucilla , Mammana Gabriele
Published: March 2017

In this report we describe what we consider to be the second case of seminal vescicle (SV) metastasis from an unknown primary melanoma. only presenting symptom was a palpable firm nodule of the right prostate base on digital rectal examination (DRE). The diagnosis, after prostatic transrectal ultrasound examination (TRUS), was performed by ultrasound guided biopsy. We underline that prostatic TRUS evaluation is mandatory in case of abnormal digital rectal examination. Seminal vesicle must be always evaluated.
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF CAST IRONS
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide automotive engineers and designers with a concise statement of the basic characteristics of cast iron under elevated temperature conditions. As such, the report concentrates on general statements regarding these properties with limited illustrative data, anticipating that those who may be interested in more detail will want to use the bibliography provided at the conclusion of the report.
FATIGUE TESTING PROCEDURE FOR SUSPENSION-LEAF SPRINGS
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

Only fully processed new springs which are representative of springs intended for the vehicle shall be used for the tests. No complete spring or separate leaf shall be used for more than one test.
METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF PUMPABLE SEALERS
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for evaluating the flow properties of automotive sealers that have been dispensed via a high pressure automatic system.
MINIATURE BLADE TYPE ELECTRICAL FUSES
Authors:   Circuit Protection and Switch Device Committee
Published: March 2017

The fuses shown in Figure 1 are for use in motor vehicles, boats, and trailers to protect electrical wiring and equipment. This SAE Standard is for the construction shown and is not intended to restrict the design and use of other configurations and materials capable of meeting the vehicle requirements.
MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOYS
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard covers the most common magnesium alloys used in wrought forms, and lists chemical composition and minimum mechanical properties for the various forms. A general indication of the usage of the various materials is also provided.
Plain Washers
Authors:   Fasteners Committee
Published: March 2017

Not available.
ALLOY AND TEMPER DESIGNATION SYSTEMS FOR ALUMINUM
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

This standard provides systems for designating wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys in the form of castings and foundry ingot, and the tempers in which aluminum and aluminum alloy wrought products and aluminum alloy castings are produced.
Fire Enhances Whitebark Pine Seedling Establishment, Survival, and Growth
Authors: Perkins Judy L.
Published: March 2017

Periodic fire is thought to improve whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulisEngelm.) regeneration by reducing competition and creating openings, but the mechanisms by which fire affects seedling establishment are poorly understood. I compared seedling vegetation production in adjacent sites, one last burned in 1880 and the other in 1988, to test the hypothesis that recent fire increases whitebark pine seedling growth. I experimentally tested effects of fire on seedling recruitment and growth by planting seeds in prescribed burned and nearby unburned sites. Experimental results showed nearly three times greater seed germination and seedling survival in recently prescribed burn plots. Seedling vegetation production in the 1880 and 1988 burn sites were measured using stem diameter and number of new needle bundles. Stem diameter was approximately 26 % greater after the more recent fire in the 1988 burn site, and new needle bundle production was approximately 40 % greater in this site relative to seedlings in the adjacent site that was last burned in 1880. Seedling growth, measured as both above- and belowground biomass, was approximately 57 % greater in a recently prescribed burn site relative to growth in an adjacent site that was unburned since 1910. Higher growth rates after prescribed fire corresponded with greater soil NO3−and soil-available P concentrations relative to unburned controls. However, high N concentrations in leaves of seedlings in unburned plots indicated that whitebark pine seedlings were not N-limited. Higher P, increased light availability, and earlier snowmelt after fire may be important factors in general postfire success of whitebark pine.
Soil Carbon and Nutrient Recovery after High-Severity Wildfire in Mexico
Authors: Quintero-Gradilla Shatya D. , García-Oliva Felipe , Cuevas-Guzmán Ramón , Jardel-Peláez Enrique J. , Martínez-Yrizar Angelina
Published: March 2017

Fire severity can increase above historical levels due to factors such as human-derived fire suppression and climate change. Studies about the effects of high-severity fires on soil carbon and nutrients in pine forest at tropical latitudes are still rare. We analyzed the changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in the organic layer and the top mineral soil layer in a post-fire chronosequence of Pinus douglasiana Martínez-dominated forest stands in central-western Mexico 8 yr, 28 yr, and 60 yr following a high-severity fire. We found that fire significantly affected the total C, N, and P contents in the organic layer, explained mainly by mass losses. We did not detect differences in C, N, and P contents (Mg ha−1) in the mineral soil, but C and N concentrations (mg g−1) increased with stand age. This can be explained by the high levels of tree mortality that occur during high-severity fires, depleting litter inputs to the soil. We observed a fast recovery of C, N, and P, perhaps resulting from the high capacity of Pinus douglasiana to regenerate following high-severity fires. This can be associated with high metabolic rates of forests in tropical latitudes, which, given their climate and soil conditions, favor higher rates of vegetation growth and, thus, faster rates of organic C inputs and soil organic C accumulation.
Approximation of Fire-Return Intervals with Point Samples in the Southern Range of the Coast Redwood Forest, California, USA
Authors: Jones Gregory A. , Russell Will
Published: March 2017

A legacy of past fires is evident in the form of blackened basal hollows found throughout the southern range of the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.) forest. A deeper look reveals cambial scars dating back centuries, telling a story of low- to moderate-intensity fires that burned periodically across California’s Central Coast bioregion. While attempts have been made to reconstruct the fire history of this forest type, estimates of the fire-return interval vary widely, and the relationship of the fire-return interval to varying cultural influences is not fully understood. We analyzed 373 fire scars from 70 cross-sections removed from stumps, downed logs, and live trees in the coastal Santa Cruz Mountains of California, USA, in order to estimate fire-return intervals (FRI) for individual trees, mean FRI across samples, and seasonality of historical fires. The mean FRI, averaged across point samples, was 60.6 yr with a median of 40.1 yr. Fire scars were most prevalent in the dormant and latewood portions of annual growth rings. A sub-sample of 19 cross-sections, for which we were able to determine approximate fire years, exhibited a high degree of variation between samples with individual tree FRIs ranging from 10.4 yr to 128 yr. The mean FRI of 43.3 yr was marginally higher for the pre-settlement period (1352 to 1849) compared to 30.7 yr for the settlement period (1850 to 1924) and 32.3 yr for the recent period (1925 to 2013). While our results suggest a longer estimate of fire-return intervals than previously documented for this forest type, high variation within and between samples clouded distinctions and illustrates a culturally constructed fire regime characterized by temporal and spatial heterogeneity.
A Case Study Comparison of LANDFIRE Fuel Loading and Emissions Generation on a Mixed Conifer Forest in Northern Idaho, USA
Authors: Hyde Josh , Strand Eva K. , Hudak Andrew T. , Hamilton Dale
Published: March 2017

The use of fire as a land management tool is well recognized for its ecological benefits in many natural systems. To continue to use fire while complying with air quality regulations, land managers are often tasked with modeling emissions from fire during the planning process. To populate such models, the Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) program has developed raster layers representing vegetation and fuels throughout the United States; however, there are limited studies available comparing LANDFIRE spatially distributed fuel loading data with measured fuel loading data. This study helps address that knowledge gap by evaluating two LANDFIRE fuel loading raster options—Fuels Characteristic Classification System (LANDFIRE-FCCS) and Fuel Loading Model (LANDFIRE-FLM) layers—with measured fuel loadings for a 20 000 ha mixed conifer study area in northern Idaho, USA. Fuel loadings are compared, and then placed into two emissions models—the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) and Consume—for a subsequent comparison of consumption and emissions results. The LANDFIRE-FCCS layer showed 200%* higher duff loadings relative to measured loadings. These led to 23% higher total mean total fuel consumption and emissions when modeled in FOFEM. The LANDFIRE-FLM layer showed lower loadings for total surface fuels relative to measured data, especially in the case of coarse woody debris, which in turn led to 51% lower mean total consumption and emissions when modeled in FOFEM. When the comparison was repeated using Consume model outputs, LANDFIRE-FLM consumption was 59% lower relative to that on the measured plots, with 58% lower modeled emissions. Although both LANDFIRE and measured fuel loadings fell within the ranges observed by other researchers in US mixed conifer ecosystems, variation within the fuel loadings for all sources was high, and the differences in fuel loadings led to significant differences in consumption and emissions depending upon the data and model chosen. The results of this case study are consistent with those of other researchers, and indicate that supplementing LANDFIRE-represented data with locally measured data, especially for duff and coarse woody debris, will produce more accurate emissions results relative to using unaltered LANDFIRE-FCCS or LANDFIRE-FLM fuel loadings. Accurate emissions models will aid in representing emissions and complying with air quality regulations, thus ensuring the continued use of fire in wildland management.
Open Data and the Knowledge Society
Authors: Wessels Bridgette , Finn Rachel , Wadhwa Kush , Sveinsdottir Thordis
Published: March 2017

While there is a lot of talk about how we now live in a knowledge society, the reality has been less impressive: We have yet to truly transition to a knowledge society-in part, this book argues, because discussion mostly focuses on a knowledge economy and information society rather than on ways to mobilise to create an actual knowledge society. That all may change, however, with the rise of open data and big data. This book considers the role of the open data movement in fostering transformation, showing that at the heart of any successful mobilisation will be an emerging open data ecosystem and new ways for societal actors to effectively produce and use data.