bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society to the training of surgeons
Authors: Ali Yasmin , Davis Kimberly , Chiu William , Cioffi William , Luchette Fred , Tisherman Samuel , Spain David
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

In 1986, Surgical Critical Care (SCC) was formally recognized as a specialty by the American Board of Surgery (ABS), however it took another two decades to develop a formal national training structure in SCC. In 2003, the program directors of SCC fellowships began to meet and the Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society (SCCPDS) was officially formed in 2004, with recognition of the SCCPDS as a non-profit organization in 2008. Over the next several years, and in conjunction with other interested groups, such as the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), SCCPDS created a formal curriculum, developed a unified system for the fellowship application process, and increased recruitment and match such that now approximately 1 in 6 general surgery graduates are pursuing training in SCC. In discussion with past and present leadership of SCCPDS, there are several ongoing initiatives to further improve the educational opportunities of the fellows and increase inclusion of other organizations and other specialties interested in SCC. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of SCCPDS in the development and evolution of SCC and Acute Care Surgery (ACS) training.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Expert Opinion; Level V.
Effects of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor on Sputum Viscoelastic Properties, Airway Infection and Inflammation in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Addante Annalisa , Völler Mirjam , Schaupp Laura , Fentker Kerstin , Bardua Markus , Kuppe Aditi , Duerr Julia , Piehler Linus , Röhmel Jobst , Thee Stephanie , Kirchner Marieluise , Ziehm Matthias , Lauster Daniel , Haag Rainer , Gradzielski Michael , Stahl Mirjam , Mertins Philipp , Boutin Sébastien , Graeber Simon Y. , Mall Marcus A.
Published: December 2022

Background

We recently demonstrated that the triple combination CFTR modulator therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) improves lung ventilation and airway mucus plugging determined by multiple-breath washout and magnetic resonance imaging in CF patients with at least oneF508delallele. However, effects of ELX/TEZ/IVA on viscoelastic properties of airway mucus, chronic airway infection and inflammation have not been studied. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the effects of ELX/TEZ/IVA on airway mucus rheology, microbiome and inflammation in CF patients with one or twoF508delalleles aged 12 years and older.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, we assessed sputum rheology, the microbiome, inflammation markers and proteome before and 8 to 16 weeks after initiation of ELX/TEZ/IVA.

Results

In total, 59 patients with CF and at least oneF508delallele and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. ELX/TEZ/IVA improved the elastic modulus (G’; -6.3 Pa; IQR, -17.9 to 1.2;P<0.01) and viscous modulus (G’’; -1.6 Pa; IQR, -3.6 to 0.5;P<0.05) of CF sputum. Further, ELX/TEZ/IVA improved the microbiome α-diversity (0.6; IQR, 0.0 to 1.2;P<0.001) and decreased the relative abundance ofPseudomonas aeruginosain CF sputum. ELX/TEZ/IVA also reduced IL-8 (−11.7 ng/ml, IQR, -36.5 to 11.2;P<0.05) and free NE activity (−27.5 µg/ml, IQR, - 64.5 to -3.5;P<0.001), and shifted the CF sputum proteome towards healthy.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that ELX/TEZ/IVA improves sputum viscoelastic properties, chronic airway infection and inflammation in CF patients with at least oneF508delallele, however, without reaching levels close to healthy.

Clinical trial registered withwww.clinicaltrials.gov(NCT04732910)
Interaction between buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Authors: Tobacyk Julia , Parks Brian J , Salazar Paloma , Coward Lori , Berquist Michael D , Gorman Gregory S , Brents Lisa K
Published: December 2022

Buprenorphine (BUP) is the preferred treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy but can cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Norbuprenorphine (NorBUP), an active metabolite of BUP, is implicated in BUP-associated NOWS. We hypothesized that BUP, a low-efficacy agonist of mu opioid receptors, will not antagonize NorBUP, a high-efficacy agonist of mu opioid receptors, in producing NOWS. To test this hypothesis, we treated pregnant Long-Evans rats with BUP (0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg/day) ± NorBUP (1 mg/kg/day) from gestation day 9 until pup delivery, and tested pups for opioid dependence using our established NOWS model. We used LC-MS-MS to quantify brain concentrations of BUP, NorBUP, and their glucuronide conjugates. BUP had little effect on NorBUP-induced NOWS, with the exception of 1 mg/kg/day BUP significantly increasing NorBUP-induced NOWS by 58% in females. BUP and NorBUP brain concentrations predicted NOWS in multiple linear regression models. Interestingly, NorBUP contributed more to NOWS in females (βNorBUP= 51.34, p = 0.0001) than in males (βNorBUP= 19.21, P = 0.093), while BUP was similar for females (βBUP= 10.62, P = 0.0017) and males (βBUP= 11.38, P = 0.009). We are the first to report that NorBUP induces NOWS in the presence of BUP and that there is sexual divergence in the contribution of NorBUP to BUP-associated NOWS. These findings suggest that females are more susceptible to NorBUP-induced NOWS, and that treatment strategies that reduce prenatal NorBUP exposure may be more effective for females than males.
GDF15 mediates renal cell plasticity in response to potassium depletion
Authors: Lasaad Samia , Walter Christine , Rafael Chloé , Morla Luciana , Doucet Alain , Picard Nicolas , Blanchard Anne , Fromes Yves , Matot Béatrice , Crambert Gilles , Cheval Lydie
Published: December 2022

A low potassium (K+) intake is a common situation in the population of the Westernized countries where processed food is prevalent in the diet. Here, we show that expression of GDF15, a TGFβ-related growth factor, is increased in renal tubular segments and gut parts of mice in response to low-K+diet leading to a systemic elevation of its plasma and urine concentration. In human, under mild dietary K+restriction, we observed that urine GDF15 excretion is correlated with plasma K+level. Conversely to WT mice, adaptation to K+restriction of GDF15-KO mice is not optimal, they do not increase their number of type A intercalated cell, responsible for K+retention, and have a delayed renal K+retention, leading to early development of hypokalemia. This renal effect of GDF15 depends on ErBb2 receptor, whose expression is increased in the kidney collecting ducts. We also observe that, in the absence of GDF15, the release of K+by the muscles is blunted which is compensated by a loss of muscle mass. Thus, in this study, we showed that GDF15 plays a central role in the response to K+restriction by orchestrating the modification of the cell composition of the collecting duct.
The HP1γ epigenetic silencer dampens IFN-γ response at the gut epithelial barrier
Authors: Xiang Yao , Mata-Garrido Jorge , desterke Christophe , Batsché Eric , Hamaï Ahmed , Sereme Youssouf , Skurnik David , Jalil Abdelali , Beche Jean-Christophe , Piaggio Eliane , Arbibe Laurence , Chang Yunhua
Published: December 2022

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays central roles in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both activating inflammatory responses and immunosuppressive functions. However, the epigenetic mechanisms controlling the expression of IFN-γ responsive genes at the gut epithelial barrier are not well understood. In this study, we identified the epigenetic regulator HP1γ as a transcriptional repressor of the IFN-γ-responsive genes STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1). Accordingly, HP1γ gene inactivation in the mouse gut epithelium resulted in an immunopathology with a long-lasting up-regulation of STAT1 and PD-L1.Colon organoids models and in vitrocell lines showed that HP1γ deficiency primed STAT1 and PD-L1 expressions, ultimately sensitizing epithelial cells to IFN-γ stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that HP1 promoter tethering is involved in the silencing of gene expression. Overall, these results identify HP1γ as an epigenetic silencing pathway controlling the IFN-γ response at the epithelial barrier.
Simulating and optimizing precast wall lifting in prefabricated building construction
Authors: Yuan Zhenmin , Chang Yuan , Chen Yunfeng , Wang Yaowu , Huang Wei , Chen Chen
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Precast wall lifting during prefabricated building construction faces multiple non-lean problems, such as inaccurate lifting-time estimation, unreasonable resource allocation and improper process design. This study aims to identify the pathways for improving lifting performance to advance lean construction of prefabricated buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study developed a methodological framework that integrates the discrete event simulation method, the elimination, combination, rearrangement and simplification (ECRS) technique and intelligent optimization tool. Two schemes of precast wall lifting, namely, the enterprise's business as usual (BAU) and enterprise-leading (EL) schemes, were set to benchmark lifting performance. Furthermore, a best-practice (BP) scheme was modeled from the perspective of lifting activity ECRS and resource allocation for performance optimization.

Findings

A real project was selected to test the effect of the methodological framework. The results showed that compared with the EL scheme, the BP scheme reduced the total lifting time (TLT) by 6.3% and mitigated the TLT uncertainty (the gap between the maximum and minimum time values) by 20.6%. Under the BP scheme, increasing the resource inputs produces an insignificant effect in reducing TLT, i.e. increasing the number of component operators in the caulking subprocess from one to two only shortened the TLT by 3.6%, and no further time reduction was achieved as more component operators were added.

Originality/value

To solve non-lean problems associated with prefabricated building construction, this study provides a methodological framework that can separate a typical precast wall lifting process into fine-level activities. Besides, it also identifies the pathways (including the learning effect mitigation, labor and machinery resource adjustment and activities’ improvement) to reducing TLT and its uncertainty.
The role of an open analytics culture and analytics skills in adopting real-time supply chain analytics for higher performance
Authors: Oliveira Marcos Paulo Valadares de , Handfield Robert
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The study objective was to understand what components of organizational culture and capability combined with analytic skillsets are needed to allow organizations to exploit real-time analytic technologies to create supply chain performance improvements.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors relied on information processing theory to support a hypothesized model, which is empirically tested using an ordinary least squares equation model, and survey data from a sample of 208 supply chain executives across multiple industries.

Findings

The authors found strong support for the concept that real-time analytics will require specialized analytical skills for the managers who use them in their daily work, as well as an analytics-focused organizational culture that promotes data visibility and fact-based decision-making.

Practical implications

Based on the study model, the authors found that a cultural bias to embrace analytics and a strong background in statistical fluency can produce decision-makers who can make sense of a sea of data, and derive significant supply chain performance improvements.

Originality/value

The research was initiated through five workshops and presentations with supply chain executives leading real-time analytics initiatives within their organizations, which were then mapped onto survey items and tested. The authors complement our findings with direct observations from managers that lend unique insights into the field.
Dynamic trade and technology linkages: a perspective from global value chain upgradation of Asian countries
Authors: Arora Kashika , Siddique Areej Aftab
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The focus is on determining the long-term relationship in explaining how technological capabilities interact with trade and global value chain (GVC) participation to aid in the upgradation process using a panel auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results suggest that export of both low-skill and medium-skill technology-intensive manufactures and patents by residents positively and significantly impact GVC participation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines the dynamic linkages between GVC participation and technological capability of major Asian countries in a comparative (1995–2018) perspective.

Findings

This implies that certain sectors enable greater integration into GVCs in the long-run, supported by critical learning variables. Further, with the help of the panel causality test, a bi-directional flow between GVC participation and export of high-technology manufactures and import of labour-intensive technology manufactures is witnessed. Even a one-way flow from research and development (R&D) intensity to GVC participation is seen.

Originality/value

The technological capabilities are found to be characterising the initial structure of local enterprises in trade and GVCs, as well as the extent to which emerging-market firms may harness knowledge flows and migrate into high-tech industries.
When will consumers splurge on travel? Effective add-on selling strategies
Authors: Kim Esther L. , Tanford Sarah
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Cross-selling becomes critical for business success as pent-up travel demand drives travelers to spend more on vacations. The primary purpose of this research is to identify if an unexpected discount leads to consumers' additional purchases online. This research proposes effective cross-selling strategies across hospitality sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments were conducted to investigate factors that influence travelers' add-on spending. Study 1 determined the psychological mechanism of unexpected discounts on hotel customers' additional spending by individual thinking styles. A 2 (discount: none vs surprise) x 2 (thinking style: holistic vs analytic) quasi-experimental design was utilized. Study 2 applied the identified pricing strategy by individual thinking styles to cruise line add-on selling. A 2 (discount: none vs surprise) x 2 (product type: hedonic vs utilitarian) x 2 thinking style (holistic vs analytic) quasi-experiment was used.

Findings

The findings indicate that an unexpected discount increases holistic thinkers' overall travel spending, regardless of add-on types. Although the unexpected discount effect on analytic thinkers' overall spending was significant, an unexpected discount enhanced their intentions to purchase a hedonic add-on.

Practical implications

Hospitality operators can improve cross-selling strategies with a surprise discount offer. Offering add-on items in the same transaction with a cabin booking will increase add-on purchases. Hotels can make add-on purchases more appealing by emphasizing the experiential aspects of a hotel stay.

Originality/value

This research broadens knowledge of cross-selling by linking add-on purchases to discount pricing on a primary product. The findings provide new strategies to stimulate add-on purchases and maximize profitability.
Boosting advice and knowledge sharing among healthcare professionals
Authors: Fronzetti Colladon Andrea , Grippa Francesca , Broccatelli Chiara , Mauren Cynthia , Mckinsey Scarlett , Kattan Jacob , Sutton Evelyne St. John , Satlin Lisa , Bucuvalas John
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the dynamics of knowledge sharing in health care, exploring some of the factors that are more likely to influence the evolution of idea sharing and advice seeking in health care.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors engaged 50 pediatricians representing many subspecialties at a mid-size US children’s hospital using a social network survey to map and measure advice seeking and idea sharing networks. Through the application of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models, the authors compared the structure of the two networks prior to a leadership program and eight weeks post conclusion.

Findings

The models indicate that health-care professionals carefully and intentionally choose with whom they share ideas and from whom to seek advice. The process is fluid, non-hierarchical and open to changing partners. Significant transitivity effects indicate that the processes of knowledge sharing can be supported by mediation and brokerage.

Originality/value

Hospital administrators can use this method to assess knowledge-sharing dynamics, design and evaluate professional development initiatives and promote new organizational structures that break down communication silos. This work contributes to the literature on knowledge sharing in health care by adopting a social network approach, going beyond the dyadic level and assessing the indirect influence of peers’ relationships on individual networks.
Impact of diversity management on innovative work behavior: mediating role of human resource management and affective commitment
Authors: Tajeddini Kayhan , Budur Taylan , Gamage Thilini Chathurika , Demir Ahmet , Zaim Halil , Topal Ramazan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the effect of diversity management on employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) through human resource management (HRM) and affective commitment (AC).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 358 employees of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The hypothesized model has been evaluated using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Findings suggest that workforce diversity management directly and significantly affected HRM and AC. Furthermore, findings revealed that HRM significantly influenced both employees' IWB and AC, while AC had a significant positive influence on IWB. Moreover, concerning the indirect effects, AC and HRM significantly mediated the relationship between DM and employees' IWB.

Research limitations/implications

A cross-sectional single source dataset is used to evaluate the hypothesized model.

Originality/value

Grounded in the social exchange and institutional theories, this research fills the gap in the literature by addressing the “black box” of how workforce DM influences employees' IWB while examining the mediating role of employees' AC and firm HRM policies.
Synthesis, optical properties and DFT-TDDFT computational study of phenothiazine dye: donor-acceptor molecules
Authors: A.M. Al-Zahrani Fatimah
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study aims to synthesize a novel donor–acceptor dye based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and nonconjugated spacer was devised and synthesized by condensing of 2,2'-(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diylidene) dimalononitrile with aldehyde and the practical synthesis methodology as given in Scheme 1.

Design/methodology/approach

The prepared phenothiazine dye was systematically experimentally and theoretically examined and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory DT-DFT calculations were implemented to determine the electronic properties of the new dye

Findings

The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the synthesized dye was investigated in a variety of solvents with varying polarities to demonstrate positive solvatochromism correlated with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The probe’s quantum yields (Фf) are experimentally measured in ethanol, and the Stokes shifts are found to be in the 4846–9430 cm−1 range.

Originality/value

The findings depicted that the novel (D-π-A) chromophores may act as a significant factor in the organic optoelectronics.
Free water input into the New Britain subduction zone in Solomon Sea estimated from reflected seismic data
Authors: Deyong Li , Yu Huang , Xiaodian Jiang , Wei Gong , Enjiang Wang , Honggang Cheng
Published: December 2022

It is of great significance to examine the distribution of the fluid within the subduction zone to estimate the water flux into the subduction zone and to study the motion state of the subducting plate. The interaction of the Western Pacific Plate and the Indo‐Australian Plate controls the subduction and expansion of the Solomon Basin where the mechanisms governing plate activity remain unclear but are typically associated with high pore fluid pressures and stabilizing frictional conditions. Combining the long streamer seismic data (200) and nine well logs inside the work area, we used constrained sparse spike inversion to obtain the P‐wave impedance profile. Then we constructed reservoir rock physics models to predict the fluids distribution in New Britain Trench subduction system in Solomon Sea. The genetic algorithm was used to guide the inversion of the pore fluid distribution. The water content profile revealed the shallow structure of the New Britain Trench subduction system in Solomon Sea, including the water content within the basalt layers. We determined that in certain cases, faults identified from the reflection data were associated with low‐impedance anomalies, and this may indicate that they are zones of high porosity that act as conduits for fluid flow. The continuity of the distribution of water content under the New Britain Trench suggests that there is a large amount of free water that subducts deeply and may be important in controlling the motion state of the subducting plate. We assume that the water saturation is 1. Therefore, the free water flux entering the deep circle with the subducting plate is estimated to be 158 Tg/Ma/m totally, including 53.724 Tg/Ma/m in the sediment and 105.06 Tg/Ma/m in the basalt. This study provides insight into the structure of free water in the New Britain subduction zone and reveals the potential for the direct estimation of the 2D structural distribution of water content using geophysical survey data.
Evaluation of the antioxidant characteristics of craft beer with green tea
Authors: Yang Lixia , Lu Zhendong , Lu Jian , Wu Dianhui
Published: December 2022

The addition of green tea as antioxidants to beer can improve the beer's flavor stability by protecting against staling during storage. To analyze the effect of different green teas on the flavor stability of beer, we developed an approach to rapidly evaluate their antioxidant activity. Ten types of craft beer were produced by adding different kinds of green tea during brewing, and their antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles were evaluated. The results showed remarkable variations in antioxidant activity and antioxidative compound contents, which were considerably higher in green tea beers than in non‐tea beer (p < 0.05). A comprehensive evaluation function was developed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of beers using principal component analysis. The highest total antioxidant activity was observed in Taiping Houkui beer, with a comprehensive evaluation score of 2.53. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, (−)‐epicatechin gallate, and (−)‐epigallocatechin were strongly correlated with the total antioxidant activity of green tea beers (p < 0.01). The summation of their contents represented more than 60% of the total phenolic content of the teas, which can be used to predict the total antioxidant activity of green tea beers.

Practical Application

Flavor stability is of prime concern for brewers, and flavor aging is increasingly becoming the limiting factor in beer shelf life. The application of green tea as antioxidants in beer can improve the flavor stability by protecting against beer staling during storage. The analytical method developed in this study will contribute to the rapid comparison of the effect of different green teas on the flavor stability of beer. Furthermore, the research findings demonstrate the potential benefits of green teas to beer flavor stability, which is of considerable importance in promoting the development and consumption of green teas.
Novel dimensionless index for physically based assessment of thermal refugia characterizes off‐channel habitat on gravel bed river
Authors: Gombert Carolyn E. , Lancaster Stephen T. , Grant Gordon E. , Flitcroft Rebecca L.
Published: December 2022

In the Willamette River, OR, main channel temperatures can be too warm for cold water fishes, causing fish to concentrate in secondary channel features that provide thermal refugia. However, temperature regimes vary among and within features. Improved understanding of physical processes controlling thermal regimes is needed. This study developed a dimensionless index for assessment of thermal refugia on the upper Willamette River. The novel hyporheic insolation (HIN) index uses minimal field measurements to predict thermal refugia resulting from buffering. Continuous water temperature measurements at one side channel, eight alcoves, and six beaver ponds provided data to ground truth calculated predictions. Water temperature records were first used to characterize stratification at sites. Calculation of the Richardson number, an index of stability, showed two well‐mixed sites and 13 stratified sites. At stratified sites, calculated values characterized the ratio of cooling flux from hyporheic discharge to heat flux from incoming solar radiation. As increased, measured temperatures at sites decreased. Despite overall scatter, a logarithmic fit to bin‐averaged values showed R2 = 0.91. Calculations suggest that secondary channel features characterized by stratification and cool hyporheic discharge can provide thermal refugia. Accordingly, the HIN index may serve as a practical tool grounded in physical processes governing temperature across a floodplain.
Timing of minor and major amputation in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration admitted to two public tertiary referral hospitals in Australia
Authors: Manewell Sarah M. , Aitken Sarah J. , Nube Vanessa L. , Crawford Anna M. , Constantino Maria I. , Twigg Stephen M. , Menz Hylton B. , Sherrington Catherine , Paul Serene S.
Published: December 2022

Background

There is limited information regarding the number of patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration (DFU) who receive minor or major amputation, and how quickly these amputations occur. This study aimed to identify the incidence of index minor and major amputation among inpatients with DFU over 4 years, and where amputation occurred during the patient's index DFU‐related admission, investigate prognostic factors.

Methods

The incidence of index minor and major amputation, and the admission sequence during which amputation occurred were identified from DFU‐related admissions to two public hospitals during 2014–2018. Where minor or major amputation occurred during the patient's index DFU‐related admission, prognostic factors were investigated using logistic regression.

Results

DFU‐related hospital admissions were required by 564 patients. The incidence of minor amputation over 4 years was 34% (n = 193). The incidence of minor amputation during the patient's index DFU‐related admission was 28% (n = 155), which was associated with requiring revascularisation (odds ratio [OR] 2.33, 95% CI 1.53–3.55, P < 0.001). The incidence of major amputation over 4 years was 8% (n = 45). The incidence of major amputation during the patient's index DFU‐related admission was 6% (n = 31), which was associated with having more comorbidities (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.10–2.26, P = 0.01) and receiving care for a mental health condition (OR 3.85, 95% CI 1.48–10.01, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Most amputations occurred during the patient's index DFU‐related hospital admission. Major amputation during a patient's index admission was associated with more comorbidities and mental health conditions.
Cotard delusion in a depressed patient: “My throat is missing!”
Authors: Huan Wen Yi , Wan Azlan Wan Asyikin , Lee Yee Tieng
Published: December 2022

Cotard's syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by marked nihilistic delusions. This report describes an Indonesian woman from a small town in Malaysia who was diagnosed with depression and Cotard's delusion. The diagnosis was confirmed after thorough history‐taking, clinical examination, and relevant laboratory tests. Herein, we highlight the unique psychopathology of a possible Cotard's syndrome subtype and efficacy of pharmacological combination strategies, rather than monotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy, for its treatment.
Impact of the International Consensus Classification of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Wu Junying , Xu Zefeng , Qin Tiejun , Qu Shiqiang , Pan Lijuan , Wang Huijun , Sun Qi , Li Chengwen , Jia Yujiao , Cai Wenyu , Yan Xin , Gong Jingye , Gao Qingyan , Li Bing , Gale Robert Peter , Xiao Zhijian
Published: December 2022

The impact of the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) needs study. We analysed data from 989 MDS subjects classified using the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to determine the impact of the new proposal. Our analyses suggested the ICC criteria of MDS‐SF3B1 identifies a more homogenous disease entity than the WHO 2016 criteria of myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS‐RS). MDS, not otherwise specified with single lineage dysplasia (MDS, NOS‐SLD) patients had a better prognosis than MDS, NOS with multilineage dysplasia (MDS, NOS‐MLD) patients. MDS with mutated TP53 and MDS/acute myeloid leukaemia with mutated TP53 patients had the briefest survivals. These data support the ICC of MDS, which allows more accurate diagnoses and risk stratification.
Prec(ar)ious knowledge and the neoliberal academy: Towards re‐imagining epistemic justice and critical psychology
Authors: Fine Michelle
Published: December 2022

This epilogue is written in the ink of gratitude and provocation, reflecting on the essays that constitute the special issue on precarity. I briefly review the key gifts of the essays and then try to imagine how a social psychology of precarity could be theorized and engaged otherwise, with commitments to epistemic justice, designed with decolonizing methodologies and organized in solidarity with movements for social justice.
A moderated mediation model linking entrepreneurial leadership to green innovation: An upper echelons theory perspective
Authors: Ali Adnan , Jiang Xu , Ali Afzaal , Qadeer Abdul
Published: December 2022

Despite the dominant discourses on the important role of entrepreneurial leadership in firms' development, related theoretical and empirical studies are still lacking in the environmental management area. Adopting upper echelons theory, this study develops a moderated mediation model that examines how entrepreneurial leadership affects the adoption of green innovation (GI) through organizational learning culture and how environmental dynamism moderates the mediating effect. This theoretical model is tested using a sample of 248 Chinese firms. Findings support the positive impact of entrepreneurial leadership on GI and the mediating role of organizational learning culture. The moderated mediation path analysis shows that environmental dynamism moderates the indirect effect of entrepreneurial leadership on GI via organizational learning culture. Overall, this study adds to entrepreneurship and environmental management scholarship by providing novel insights into the key role of entrepreneurial leadership in embracing GI.
Prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among oral health care workers worldwide: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bitencourt Fernando Valentim , Lia Erica Negrini , Pauletto Patrícia , Martins Carolina Castro , Stefani Cristine Miron , Massignan Carla , Canto Graziela De Luca
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to answer the following question ‘What are the worldwide prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and associated factors among oral health‐care workers (OHCWs) before vaccination?’

Methods

Seven databases and registers as well as three grey databases were searched for observational studies in the field. Paired reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. Overall seroprevalence for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was analysed using a random‐effect model subgrouped by professional category. Meta‐regression was used to explore whether the Human Development Index (HDI) influenced the heterogeneity of results. The associated factors were narratively evaluated, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results

Seventeen studies were included (five cohorts and twelve cross‐sectional studies), summing 73 935 participants (54 585 dentists and 19 350 dental assistants/technicians) from 14 countries. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among OHCWs was 9.3% (95% CI, 5.0%–14.7%; I2 = 100%, p < .01), being 9.5% for dentists (95% CI, 5.1%–15.0%; I2 = 100%, p < .01) and 11.6% for dental assistants/technicians (95% CI, 1.6%–27.4%; I2 = 99.0%, p < .01). In the meta‐regression, countries with lower HDI showed higher prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p = .002). Age, comorbidities, gender, ethnicity, occupation, smoking, living in areas of greater deprivation, job role and location/municipalities, income and protective measures in dental settings were associated with positive serological SARS‐CoV‐2 test, with very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusions

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infected 9.3% of the OHCWs evaluated worldwide before vaccination. OHCWs should be included in policy considerations, continued research, monitoring and surveillance (PROSPERO CRD42021246520).
Brain structure and allelic associations in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moon Seok Woo , Zhao Lu , Matloff William , Hobel Sam , Berger Ryan , Kwon Daehong , Kim Jaebum , Toga Arthur W. , Dinov Ivo D. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2022

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, affects 6.5 million Americans and over 50 million people globally. Clinical, genetic, and phenotypic studies of dementia provide some insights of the observed progressive neurodegenerative processes, however, the mechanisms underlying AD onset remain enigmatic.

Aims

This paper examines late‐onset dementia‐related cognitive impairment utilizing neuroimaging‐genetics biomarker associations.

Materials and Methods

The participants, ages 65–85, included 266 healthy controls (HC), 572 volunteers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 188 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Genotype dosage data for AD‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from the imputed ADNI genetics archive using sample‐major additive coding. Such 29 SNPs were selected, representing a subset of independent SNPs reported to be highly associated with AD in a recent AD meta‐GWAS study by Jansen and colleagues.

Results

We identified the significant correlations between the 29 genomic markers (GMs) and the 200 neuroimaging markers (NIMs). The odds ratios and relative risks for AD and MCI (relative to HC) were predicted using multinomial linear models.

Discussion

In the HC and MCI cohorts, mainly cortical thickness measures were associated with GMs, whereas the AD cohort exhibited different GM‐NIM relations. Network patterns within the HC and AD groups were distinct in cortical thickness, volume, and proportion of White to Gray Matter (pct), but not in the MCI cohort. Multinomial linear models of clinical diagnosis showed precisely the specific NIMs and GMs that were most impactful in discriminating between AD and HC, and between MCI and HC.

Conclusion

This study suggests that advanced analytics provide mechanisms for exploring the interrelations between morphometric indicators and GMs. The findings may facilitate further clinical investigations of phenotypic associations that support deep systematic understanding of AD pathogenesis.
1043. SORBUS EMINENS: Rosaceae
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew P. , Fay Michael F.
Published: December 2022

Sorbus eminens, ROUND‐LEAVED WHITEBEAM is a tetraploid member of Sorbus subgenus Aria. The complex taxonomic history is summarised. This species is characterised by the large, unlobed, roundish leaves (sometimes likened in shape to a tennis ball) with rounded bases and few veins and usually acuminate, outwardly directed teeth, and large red fruits which are wider than long.
Small bowel endoscopy for children: Collaboration of capsule endoscopy and device‐assisted enteroscopy
Authors: Iwama Itaru , Nambu Ryusuke , Nakayama Yoshiko
Published: December 2022

Capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE) have become indispensable techniques for the diagnosis and management of small bowel disease in both adult and pediatric cases. However, relevant differences exist in the indications between these cohorts, with body weight and age having particular relevance in decisions for the latter. Both CE and BAE are designed for adult physique and they were not widely used among children. In addition, the types of small intestinal diseases differ between adults and children, and consequently, the indications also differ between them. This review focuses on the issues relevant to pediatric cases and describes the practical application of endoscopy in clinical practice. In conclusion, although there are age and weight restrictions, both CE and BAE are safe and useful devices for use in children, and their indications for use in children are likely to expand in the future.
Developments in the design and delivery of self‐management support for children and young people with diabetes: A narrative synthesis of systematic reviews
Authors: Litchfield Ian , Barrett Timothy , Hamilton‐Shield Julian P. , Moore T. H. M. , Narendran Parth , Redwood Sabi , Searle Aidan , Uday Suma , Wheeler Jess , Greenfield Sheila
Published: December 2022

Aims

Facilitated self‐management support programmes have become central to the treatment of chronic diseases including diabetes. For many children and young people with diabetes (CYPD), the impact on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and a range of self‐management behaviours promised by these programmes remain unrealised. This warrants an appraisal of current thinking and the existing evidence to guide the development of programmes better targeted at this age group.

Methods

Create a narrative review of systematic reviews produced in the last 3 years that have explored the impact on CYPD of the four key elements of self‐management support programmes: education, instruction and advice including peer support; psychological counselling via a range of therapies; self‐monitoring, including diaries and telemetric devices; and telecare, the technology‐enabled follow‐up and support by healthcare providers.

Results

Games and gamification appear to offer a promising means of engaging and educating CYPD. Psychological interventions when delivered by trained practitioners, appear to improve HbA1c and quality of life although effect sizes were small. Technology‐enabled interactive diaries can increase the frequency of self‐monitoring and reduce levels of HbA1c. Telecare provided synchronously via telephone produced significant improvements in HbA1c.

Conclusions

The cost‐effective flexibility of increasing the reliance on technology is an attractive proposition; however, there are resource implications for digital connectivity in underserved populations. The need remains to improve the understanding of which elements of each component are most effective in a particular context, and how to optimise the influence and input of families, caregivers and peers.
COVID‐19 vaccine induced myocarditis in young males: A systematic review
Authors: Knudsen Benjamin , Prasad Vinay
Published: December 2022

Background

Myocarditis is a rare but significant adverse event associated with COVID‐19 vaccination, especially for men under 40. If the risk of myocarditis is not stratified by pertinent risk factors, it may be diluted for high‐risk and inflated for low‐risk groups. We sought to assess how the risk of myocarditis is reported in the literature.

Methods

In accordance with PRISMA standards, we reviewed primary publications in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and MedRxiv (through 3/2022) and included studies that estimated the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after receiving either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA‐1273 (Moderna) or Ad26COVS1 (Janssen) vaccine. The main outcome was the percentage of studies using 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0 stratifiers (i.e. sex, age, dose number and manufacturer) when reporting the highest risk of myocarditis. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of myocarditis in males after dose 1 and 2 of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA‐1273 (Moderna) vaccine.

Results

The 29 included studies originated in North America, Europe, Asia, or were Worldwide. Of them, 28% (8/29) used all four stratifiers, and 45% (13/29) used 1 or 0 stratifiers. The highest incidence of myocarditis ranged from 8.1—39 cases per 100,000 persons (or doses) in studies using four stratifiers. Six studies reported an incidence greater than 15 cases per 100,000 persons (or doses) in males aged 12–24 after dose 2 of an mRNA‐based vaccine.

Conclusions

Only one in four articles reporting myocarditis used four stratifiers, and men younger than 40 receiving a second dose of an mRNA vaccine are at greatest risk.
Cardiac sympathetic innervation and mortality risk scores in patients with heart failure
Authors: Bencivenga Leonardo , Komici Klara , Paolillo Stefania , Nappi Carmela , Gargiulo Paola , Assante Roberta , Gambino Giuseppina , Santillo Fabio , Femminella Grazia Daniela , Corbi Grazia Maria , Ferrara Nicola , Cuocolo Alberto , Perrone‐Filardi Pasquale , Rengo Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In the risk stratification and selection of patients with heart failure (HF) eligible for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy, 123I‐meta‐IodineBenzylGuanidine (123I‐mIBG) scintigraphy has emerged as an effective non‐invasive method to assess cardiac adrenergic innervation. Similarly, clinical risk scores have been proposed to identify patients with HF at risk of all‐cause mortality, for whom the net clinical benefit of device implantation would presumably be lower. Nevertheless, the association between the two classes of tools, one suggestive of arrhythmic risk, the other of all‐cause mortality, needs further investigation.

Objective

To test the relationship between the risk scores for predicting mortality and cardiac sympathetic innervation, assessed through myocardial 123I‐mIBG imaging, in a population of patients with HF.

Methods

In HF patients undergoing 123I‐mIBG scintigraphy, eight risk stratification models were assessed: AAACC, FADES, MADIT, MADIT‐ICD non‐arrhythmic mortality score, PACE, Parkash, SHOCKED and Sjoblom. Cardiac adrenergic impairment was assessed by late heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio (H/M) <1.6.

Results

Among 269 patients suffering from HF, late H/M showed significant negative correlation with all the predicting models, although generally weak, ranging from −0.15 (p = .013) for PACE to −0.32 (p < .001) for FADES. The scores showed poor discrimination for cardiac innervation, with areas under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.546 for Parkash to 0.621 for FADES.

Conclusion

A weak association emerged among mortality risk scores and cardiac innervation, suggesting to integrate in clinical practice tools indicative of both arrhythmic and general mortality risks, when evaluating patients affected by HF eligible for device implantation.
Interferon gamma regulates a complex pro‐survival signal network in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yixiang , Shao Xiaoya , Yang Haiping , Ren Leiying , Cui Ying , Zhang Wenlu , Macip Salvador , Meng Xueqiong
Published: December 2022

Background

It is known that the microenvironmental cytokine interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) provides a survival advantage for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. However, the mechanisms involved in this effect have not been properly investigated.

Methods

Herein, we conducted a comprehensive screening of the effects of IFN‐γ on signaling pathways and gene expression profiles in CLL cells by using western blotting, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription (RT‐qPCR) and high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq).

Results

We found that IFN‐γ not only activated the pro‐survival signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but also activated the protein kinase B and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathways. RNA‐seq analysis showed that IFN‐γ stimulation changed the expression profiles of more than 500 genes, with 391 being up‐regulated and 123 down‐regulated. These genes are involved in numerous biological processes, including anti‐apoptosis, cell migration, and proliferation. IFN‐γ significantly up‐regulated the expression of CD38, BCL6, CXCL9, BCL2A1, SCOS3, IL‐10, HGF, EGFR, THBS‐1, FN1, and MUC1, which encode proteins potentially associated with disease progression, worse prognosis or poor response to treatment. Blocking janus kinases1/2 (JAK1/2) or STAT3 signal by specific inhibitors affected the expression of most genes, suggesting a pivotal role of the JAK1/2‐STAT3 pathway in IFN‐γ pro‐survival effects in CLL.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that IFN‐γ regulates a complex pro‐survival signal network in CLL through JAK1/2‐STAT3, which provides a rational explanation for IFN‐γ promoting CLL cells survival and drug resistance.
Subjective emotion trajectories in couple therapy and associations with improvement in relationship satisfaction
Authors: Crenshaw Alexander O. , Libet Julian , Petty Karen , Teves Jenna B. , Huang Alice , Mitchell Jerez
Published: December 2022

Existing couple therapies are generally effective for reducing romantic relationship distress and divorce, but therapy outcomes remain poor for many. Outcomes can be improved through greater understanding of session‐by‐session therapeutic processes, particularly in real‐world treatment settings. Modern couple therapy models commonly emphasize the importance of emotional experiences as key change processes, yet few empirical studies have tested the merits of this focus. The present study addresses this limitation by examining trajectories of subjective emotions and their association with change in a key relationship outcome, relationship satisfaction, among military veterans and their partners at a VA Medical Center. Partners rated their relationship satisfaction prior to couple therapy sessions and subjective emotions immediately after sessions. Consistent with hypotheses, both hard (e.g., anger) and soft (e.g., sadness) negative emotions decreased significantly over the course of therapy. Those couples with greater decreases in hard negative, but not soft negative, emotions showed significantly more improvement in relationship satisfaction. Positive emotions did not significantly change across couples in general, but those couples whose positive emotions did increase also showed more improvement in relationship satisfaction. These results suggest change in subjective emotions may be one process underlying improvement in couple therapy and lend empirical support to the emphasis on emotion‐based change processes underlying acceptance‐based and emotion‐focused couple therapies.