bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Simulation of Mechatronics Laboratory
Authors: Lubczyński Tomasz R. , Baier Andrzej
Published: March 2009

Technology of virtual reality made large progress in the last few years. With desktop VR systems it’s possible to present artificial worlds using ordinary PC computer. Creating virtual equivalent of really existing laboratory was major aim of work described in this paper. Also there were created virtual laboratory classes. Application EON Studio from EON Reality was mainly used to achieve this. In this paper a process of building the simulation is presented, used programs are mentioned and final effects are shown.
Investigation of Phase Transformation in Thin Film Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Asle-Zaeem M. , Mesarovic S. D.
Published: March 2009

Cahn-Hilliard type of phase field model coupled with elasticity is used to derive governing equations for the stress-mediated diffusion and phase transformation in thin films. To solve the resulting equations, a finite element (FE) model is presented. The partial differential equations governing diffusion and mechanical equilibrium are of different orders; Mixed-order finite elements, with C0 interpolation functions for displacement, and C1 interpolation functions for concentration are implemented. To validate this new numerical solver for such coupled problems, we test our implementation on thin film diffusion couples.
Development of a Course on Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Benda Vitezslav
Published: March 2009

The paper refers about problems connected with development of course on photovoltaics in the bachelor level of the study. Curricula of a course on photovoltaic systems performed at the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering is presented. In the contribution is described the present state and compared with history and the project of the further development. Orientation of laboratory exercises towards applications has been supposed.
Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Meisel D.C. , Deubel M. , Hermatschweiler M. , Busch K. , Koch W. , von Freymann G. , Blanco A. , Enkrich C. , Wegener M.
Published: March 2009

We review our work on two complementary and compatible techniques, namely direct laser writing and holographic lithography which are suitable for fabricating three-dimensional Photonic Crystal templates for the visible and near-infrared. The structures are characterized by electron micrographs and by optical spectroscopy, revealing their high optical quality.
Semiconductor Nanostructures for Infrared Applications
Authors: Žurauskienė N. , Ašmontas S. , Dargys A. , Kundrotas J. , Janssen G. , Goovaerts E. , Marcinkevičius Stanislovas , Koenraad Paul M. , Wolter J.H. , Leon R.P.
Published: March 2009

We present the results of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and optically detected microwave resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy investigations of semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wells. The ODMR spectra of InAs/GaAs QDs were detected via modulation of the total intensity of the QDs emission induced by 95 GHz microwave excitation and exciton fine structure was studied. Very long life times (up to 10 ns) of photoexcited carriers were observed in this system using TRPL at low temperatures and excitation intensities promising higher responsitivity of such QDs for quantum dot infrared photodetector development. The effects of proton and alpha particles irradiation on carrier dynamics were investigated on different InGaAs/GaAs, InAlAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs QD and QW systems. The obtained results demonstrated that carrier lifetimes in the QDs are much less affected by proton irradiation than that in QWs. A strong influence of irradiation on the PL intensity was observed in multiple QWs after high-energy alpha particles irradiation.
Biologically Templated Nanostructure Assemblies
Authors: Behrens Silke S.
Published: March 2009

Living organisms are able to manufacture a variety of sophisticated inorganic materials with precise control over chemical composition, crystal structure, and shape. Biomolecules offer unique functionalities such as specific recognition capabilities or catalytic activity. On the basis of these recognition capabilities, biological subunits are able to self‐assemble into defined superstructures with unique shapes. Furthermore, they may respond to multiple physical, chemical, or biological stimuli, and therefore provide a potential means for manufacturing nanomachines. However, naturally occurring inorganic materials are typically based on protein scaffolds with inorganic minerals, e.g., iron oxide or calcium carbonate, which limits their technical application. Hence, the knowledge of biological concepts, functions, and design features has recently been exploited for manufacturing new, technologically important, and functional inorganic nanomaterials that have no isomorphous complement in nature.

One major challenge in manufacturing nanostructures by biotemplating has been the need to either modify traditional methodologies derived from chemistry or microelectronics, or to develop new synthetic pathways, in order to make the material synthesis compatible with the relatively labile biotemplates. Various chemical procedures illustrated by selected examples have been elaborated to direct the nucleation and deposition of inorganic materials (e.g., metals, alloys, or semiconductors) on bioassemblies or to link preformed inorganic building blocks to functional biomolecules. Bioassemblies template complex, multidimensional, and inorganic nanoarchitectures that are typically not available by conventional material synthesis. Recently, the templating ability of natural bioassemblies has been improved by means of genetic engineering. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the biological functionality of the system may be retained under appropriate conditions, which allows the manufacturing of inorganic nanostructures with motility functions. The use of diverse nanostructured bioassemblies based on both proteins (e.g., cell components such as microtubules, microfilaments, S‐layers) or microorganisms (i.e., viruses, diatoms) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is discussed for their potential of templating of inorganic nanoarchitectures.
Multicolor Quantum Dots in Molecular Profiling of Cancer Cells and Tissues
Authors: Zrazhevskiy Pavel , Gao Xiaohu
Published: March 2009

Cancer represents a serious threat to our health despite considerable effort by scientific and medical community to combat this disease. It has been shown that detection of specific tumor biomarkers is important for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy. However, a vast genetic and phenotypic variability of cancer first requires appropriate molecular characterization of cancer using conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Being single color and semiquantitative in nature, IHC methods are unable to address the need of quantitative multiplexed molecular profiling of clinical tissue samples. Therefore, development of new molecular profiling technologies is necessary for quantitative analysis of molecular signatures of individual patient's tumors. Quantum dots are emerging as a new class of fluorescent probes for biomolecular and cellular imaging. Owing to their unique optical properties, such as size‐tunable light emission, simultaneous excitation of multiple colors, improved brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and extremely large Stokes shift, quantum dots represent a highly promising tool for detection and quantification of multiple biomarkers in cells, tissue samples, and even live organisms. This functionality will allow researchers to correlate a panel of cancer biomarkers with cancer behavior and clinical outcome and will open new opportunities for the development of personalized treatment schemes targeted specifically against markers expressed. Multiplexed marker detection will also provide a high‐throughput tool for marker screening in cancer research.
Inorganic Nanobelt Materials
Authors: Yu Shu‐Hong , Yao Wei‐Tang
Published: March 2009

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of current research activities that center around inorganic nanobelts. We begin with an overview of synthetic strategies and principles that have been developed for generating 1‐D nanobelts with vapor‐phase growth as well as solution‐based growth routes. We then discuss the synthesis and structure of various inorganic nanobelts, which include elements, oxides, hydroxyl sulfates, chalcogenides, arsenides, phosphides, nitrides, carbon, and carbides. Toward the end, we highlight a range of innovative applications enabled by the unique combination of different potential properties of inorganic nanobelts. Continued development of the synthesis strategies and the preparation procedures as well as functionalization of nanobelts for novel applications will provide significant breakthroughs.
Nano/Microporous Materials: Transition Metal Cyanides
Authors: Lu Tong‐Bu , Collins David J. , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: March 2009

Transition metal–cyanide clusters, in which the cyanide anion acts as a bridging ligand, exhibit a rich variety of shapes and sizes, from simple squares to high‐nuclearity cubes and octahedra. Clusters may be homometallic or heterometallic, and a significant fraction of the transition metals are represented among these materials. Magnetic coupling in these clusters is widespread owing to the proximity of the metals and short length of the bridging cyanide. This review examines the structures and magnetic properties of the major types of transition metal–cyanide cluster materials.
Nano/Microporous Materials: Nanostructured Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Leroux Fabrice , Prévot Vanessa
Published: March 2009

This review summarizes developments in nanostructured layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials for the period 2004–2007. Particular attention is paid to synthesis aspects, including coprecipitation, urea decomposition, sol‐gel processing and derivative methods as well as the generation of functional materials through delamination either from solvent solution or in situ within a polymer. Coating processes, illustrated by the heterogeneous growth of nanorods onto LDH surfaces, is distinguished from particle nanostructuration. In addition, nanostructuration from LDH frameworks is described for iron‐based oxides and other metal oxides in which catalytic, magnetic, or energy‐storage properties are discussed. Other examples of nanostructuration, such as complex encapsulation, are demonstrated not only with different complexes, such as polyoxometallates and porphyrines but also with rare earth and quantum dot materials, where interest is focused on luminescent and optical properties. Additionally, drug encapsulation and/or release, gene‐reservoir applications, and incorporation of DNA and bioinorganic enzymes into LDH assemblies nicely illustrate biologically related uses of LDH nanoplatelets. Finally, reactions occurring within LDH interlayer spaces are described, and the role of LDH framework as a nanoreactor is illustrated by in situ polymerization of conjugated polymers and thermoplastics. LDH materials can also be used as sacrificial templates for fabricating nanosized polymers and for the synthesis of carbon replica and carbon fibers.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas
Authors: Yao Baodian , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: March 2009

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) represent a promising new class of organic–inorganic nanocomposite materials in which the organic and inorganic moieties are covalently linked and homogeneously distributed at molecular level. This review retrospected the discovery and development of PMOs in terms of rational synthesis based on the concept of supramolecular self‐assembly. The main focus is on precursors and crystal‐like PMOs. We also highlight the recent achievements regarding compositions and mesostructures, morphologies, and applications in the field. Furthermore, we present an outlook about the promising future perspectives of PMOs that result from the latest developments.
Supramolecular Materials: Assemblies Based on Square‐Complexation
Authors: James Stuart L.
Published: March 2009

Square complexation of metal ions has become a remarkably useful construction motif for the self‐assembly of discrete nanoscopic structures and infinite frameworks. This article covers developments in the area since 2004. Interesting new aspects of self‐assembly methodology include solvent and anion dependence, use of three‐coordinate centers, photolabilization, kinetically controlled assembly, heteroligand structures, and the first very large mesoscopic structures (>20 nm). Also, known types of large self‐assembled cages, mainly based on palladium(II) and platinum(II) have been developed as protective reaction nanovessels in which to observe unusual, even unprecedented, chemistry. Internal and external functionalization of known structure types is leading to rich internal and external supramolecular chemistry. For infinite frameworks, square complexation, not only at single metal ions but also dimetallic units, typified by the dimetal‐tetracarboxylate paddle‐wheel motif, has led to a family of structurally versatile and functionalizable microporous pillared‐layer frameworks. In common with all coordination framework types, those based on square complexation are being increasingly studied with regard to their dynamics, sorption behavior, and catalysis.
Supramolecular Materials: Metal–Quinonoid Complexes
Authors: Kim Sang Bok , Sweigart Dwight A. , Lotz Simon
Published: March 2009

Simple quinones such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol can be complexed to a transition metal through the aromatic π‐system. This review focuses on the manganese and rhodium complexes of hydroquinone (H
2
Q), which bind to the metal fragment through all six aromatic carbons (η
6
) to afford (H
2
Q)Mn(CO)
3
+
and (H
2
Q)Rh(COD)
+
. Both of these undergo facile deprotonation to give hydrogen‐bonded semiquinone complexes, which can be deposited on HOPG surfaces. A second deprotonation occurs with concomitant electron transfer to the metal to give anionic η
4
‐benzoquinone complexes that bind to other metals through the quinonoid oxygens. In this way, self‐assembly to metal–organic framework polymer materials results with the (benzoquinone)ML

n

−
moiety serving as the spacer. The resultant polymers are porous and can have tetrahedral, octahedral, and square pyramidal geometries. In the case of rhodium as the metal, the quinonoid complexes are excellent catalysts for carbon–carbon coupling from aryl boronic acids, and activated olefins and aldehydes. The rhodium species also forms self‐supporting coordination networks in the presence of main group alkoxides, and these function as catalysts for acetylene polymerization. The catalysts can also be deposited strongly on silica gel supports. An exciting application of this chemistry is the derivatization of the surfaces of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In the case of superparamagnetic FePt and ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), the quinonoid–metal complexes bind to the surface and function as centers for the growth of coordination polymers. This provides multiple catalytic centers that are subject to magnetic decantation, and constitutes the first generalized methodology for the combination of organometallics with NP surfaces.
Nano/Microporous Materials: Mesoporous and Surface‐Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Wang Xiqing , Liang Chengdu , Dai Sheng
Published: March 2009

Mesoporous carbon materials, a category of porous carbons with pore size between 2 and 50 nm, have attracted considerable attention owing to their wide applications. There are many conventional methods available for the preparation of mesoporous carbons. Generally, the resulting mesoporous carbon materials have a broad pore size distribution. Carbon materials with uniform pore size can be prepared using porous silica gels or colloidal silica nanoparticles as hard templates. Periodically ordered mesoporous carbons are a recent addition to this category. Ordered mesoporous carbons can be made by a hard template method using ordered mesoporous silicas with three‐dimensionally connected pore structures (e.g., SBA‐15) as the templates. Self‐assembly of thermal decomposable block copolymers with thermosetting resol or novalac resin into mesostructured nanocomposites provides an alternative approach for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons. The carbon materials obtained exhibit high Brunauer–Emett–Teller (BET) surface areas, controllable pore diameters with narrow pore size distribution, and large pore volumes. Efforts aimed toward surface modification of mesoporous carbons that integrate unique mesoporosity with other functionalities have led to many interesting materials and some promising results for applications. With the development of mesoporous and surface‐functionalized mesoporous carbon materials, numerous applications are awaiting the exploration of materials research scientists. Herein we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and surface modification of mesoporous carbons, mainly on the carbon materials with uniform pore size and/or ordered structures.
Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Taubert Andreas
Published: March 2009

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied for a wide range of applications, including organic synthesis, separation and extraction, and electrochemistry. Inorganic nanomaterials synthesis in and with ILs is still a new but rapidly developing research branch. This article gives an overview over recent developments in the field of inorganic materials synthesis in ILs. Furthermore, the article highlights a few promising approaches that add value to inorganic materials science by giving access to hitherto unknown inorganic materials or materials that have so far only been accessible with great experimental effort via more conventional processes.
Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Liquid Crystals
Authors: Boissière Cédric , Grosso David , Prouzet Eric
Published: March 2009

Soft matter offers a unique property that combines high order with specific geometry and high dynamics that allows this geometry to adapt easily to rapid changes in physicochemical parameters. This property has been used in many systems for the formation of nanostructures when a soft matter such as liquid crystals acts as a mold that can be easily tuned and also removed once the material has been synthesized. In this review, we describe the general bases of the mechanisms that lead to nanostructured materials. Specific emphasis is given on the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method, where a liquid crystal is obtained upon drying of a complex solution during evaporation in a thin film. We also describe how surface micropatterning can be obtained by coupling solid‐state chemistry and soft matter and perspectives based on versatility of liquid crystals.
In Situ Bioconjugation: Single Step Approach to Tailored Nanoparticle‐Bioconjugates by Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Petersen Svea , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: March 2009

A single step approach to tailored nanoparticle‐bioconjugates, enabling the generation of gold nanoparticles by laser ablation and their in situ conjugation with any biomolecule bearing an electron donating function (e.g., thiolated oligonucleotides) is established. The integrity of oligonucleotides after conjugation and the stability of bioconjugates in physiological media are investigated. Their size is tailorable via process parameters. This rapid and universal method may provide biochemists with various nanoparticle‐bioconjugates for screening the often unpredictable structure–function relationship.
Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: A synopsis of the 2008 NHLBI/NIH guidelines
Authors: Nichols William L. , Rick Margaret E. , Ortel Thomas L. , Montgomery Robert R. , Sadler J. Evan , Yawn Barbara P. , James Andra H. , Hultin Mae B. , Manco‐Johnson Marilyn J. , Weinstein Mark
Published: March 2009

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediates blood platelet adhesion and accumulation at sites of blood vessel injury, and also carries coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) that is important for generating procoagulant activity. Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affects males and females, and reflects deficiency or defects of VWF that may also cause decreased FVIII. It may also occur less commonly as an acquired disorder (acquired von Willebrand syndrome). This article briefly summarizes selected features of the March 2008 evidence‐based clinical and laboratory diagnostic recommendations from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel for assessment for VWD or other bleeding disorders or risks. Management of VWD is also addressed in the NHLBI guidelines, but is not summarized here. The VWD guidelines are available at the NHLBI Web site (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/vwd). Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role and prognostic significance of the Ki‐67 index in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Broyde Adi , Boycov Olga , Strenov Yulia , Okon Elimelech , Shpilberg Ofer , Bairey Osnat
Published: March 2009

Expression of Ki‐67, a nuclear antigen protein present in all cycling cells, is used to determine the growth fraction of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and prognostic significance of the Ki‐67 proliferation index (PI) in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ki‐67 was assayed immunohistochemically in tissue samples of 319 patients with newly‐diagnosed non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 268 patients, the Ki‐67 PI was correlated with clinical course and outcome. The mean Ki‐67 PI ranged from 26.6% in indolent lymphomas to 97.6% in very aggressive lymphomas (P < 0.001). The index was <45% in 82.8% of indolent lymphomas and >45% in 85% of aggressive lymphomas (AUC = 0.877, P < 0.001). In patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 141), a Ki‐67 PI of 70% was found to significantly discriminate patients with good or bad prognosis (AUC = 0.65, P = 0.004). Three‐year survival was 75% ± 5.6% in patients with a low Ki‐67 index compared with 55.9% ± 6% in patients with a high index (P = 0.015). In patients with a low IPI (≤2), 3‐year survival was 94% ± 4% in those with a Ki‐67 index ≤70% and 64% ± 8.1% in those with a higher index (P = 0.002); in patients with bulky disease (>10 cm), the corresponding 3‐year survival by Ki‐67 index was 100% and 25% ± 12% (P = 0.012). Our results suggest that the mean Ki‐67 PI differs by type of lymphoma. A cut‐off value of 45% can help differentiate indolent from aggressive disease. In diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, a cut‐off value of 70% can distinguish patients with a good and bad prognosis when combined with other prognostic factors of low IPI score and bulky disease. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cost of health care for children and adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kauf Teresa L. , Coates Thomas D. , Huazhi Liu , Mody‐Patel Nikita , Hartzema Abraham G.
Published: March 2009

Although sickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by high utilization of medical resources, the full cost of care for patients with SCD, including care not directly related to SCD, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total cost of medical care for a population of children and adults with SCD. We used data from individuals diagnosed with SCD enrolled in the Florida Medicaid program during 2001–2005 to estimate total, SCD‐related, and non‐SCD‐related cost per patient‐month based on patient age at the time of health care use. Across the 4,294 patient samples, total health care costs generally rose with age, from $892 to $2,562 per patient‐month in the 0–9‐ and 50–64‐year age groups, respectively. Average cost per patient‐month was $1,389. Overall, 51.8% of care was directly related to SCD, the majority of which (80.5%) was associated with inpatient hospitalizations. Notably, non‐SCD‐related costs were substantially higher than those reported for the general US population. These results suggest a discounted (3% discount rate) lifetime cost of care averaging $460,151 per patient with SCD. Interventions designed to prevent SCD complications and avoid hospitalizations may reduce the significant economic burden of the disease. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel genetic syndrome characterized by pediatric cataract, dysmorphism, ectodermal features, and developmental delay in an indigenous Australian family
Authors: Burdon Kathryn P. , Durkin Shane R. , Burke Mary , Edwards Matthew , Pater John , Straga Tania , Gecz Jozef , Liebelt Jan E. , Craig Jamie E.
Published: March 2009

A novel syndrome initially presenting with cataract and developmental delay within an Indigenous Australian family is described. We present the extended four generation pedigree and describe in detail the phenotypic appearance of five clearly affected male second cousins in this family. The common features of these children include developmental delay, short stature, cortical cataract, facial dysmorphism, clinodactyly, thin hair and an erythematous skin rash. Initial inspection of the pedigree suggested an inherited disorder with possible X‐linked inheritance. However, a thorough scan of the X chromosome failed to reveal linkage. This family represents a new syndrome of familial cataract, dysmorphic features, short stature and developmental delay with probable autosomal inheritance and variable expressivity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Pt(topy)(Htopy)(ONO2)] complex (Htopy = 2‐p‐tolylpyridine) and its analogs: 195Pt NMR spectra and fabrication of light‐emitting devices
Authors: Fukuda Hiroto , Yamada Yui , Hashizume Daisuke , Takayama Toshio , Watabe Masatoshi
Published: March 2009

We report fast, high‐yield syntheses of a series of [Pt(C∧N)(HC∧N)X] complexes, where HC∧N is 2‐phenylpyridine (Hppy) or 2‐p‐tolylpyridine (Htopy) and X− is Cl−, Br−, I−, ONO2−, NO2− or SCN−. The structure of [Pt(topy)(Htopy)(ONO2)] was analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Substitution of Cl− with Br− or I− in our complexes shifted the 195Pt NMR peaks upfield in the order Cl− < Br− < I−, but the magnitudes of their shifts were one‐tenth those observed for non‐cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes. As the two nitrato complexes showed strong emissions in acetonitrile solution—three to six times those of other complexes—they were used to fabricate OLEDs. Although their emissions were not particularly strong, devices fabricated with platinum(II) complexes containing bulky ligands emitted green light with a short lifetime (τ). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrosilylation conditions applied on alkenyl benzylated xyloses: selective reduction and isomerization
Authors: Hadad Caroline , Bouquillon Sandrine , Harakat Dominique , Muzart Jacques
Published: March 2009

In the presence of triethylsilane and different transition metal catalysts, the main reactive pathways observed from benzylated xyloses bearing an unsaturated tether were the reduction and the isomerization of the double bond without debenzylation of the sugar moiety. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Following the path of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles in a Denver Cell using positron emission particle tracking
Authors: Waters K. E. , Rowson N. A. , Fan X. , Cilliers J. J.
Published: March 2009

Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) has been used to track the movement of single particles of galena and quartz in a Denver Cell batch flotation system. The particles were labeled with a radionuclide, 18F, and using an ADAC Forte positron camera the positions of the particles were determined during mixing, and once air was added to the cell at a constant rate. The hydrophobic galena particle entered the froth readily, attached to air bubbles, and overflowed the weir. Detachment from an air bubble in the froth was also observed, and this is presumed to be due to coalescence events occurring. The hydrophilic quartz particle did not overflow the weir when the air flow was on. When the particle did enter the froth, it was along the sides of the vessel following the flow of the water. This gives a potential indication of one of the methods of the entrainment of gangue minerals in froth flotation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autothermal reforming of methane with integrated CO2 capture in novel fluidized bed membrane reactors
Authors: Gallucci F. , van Sint Annaland M. , Kuipers J. A. M.
Published: March 2009

Hydrogen production with integrated CO2 capture by autothermal reforming of methane has been investigated in a novel fluidized bed membrane reactor configuration. With a phenomenological reactor model the reactor performance has been investigated over a wide range of operating conditions, viz. temperature, pressure, H2O/CH4 ratio, and membrane area.

The results obtained show that pure hydrogen production with integrated CO2 capture is feasible, however, only with a relatively low load/surface ratio (L/S) (<1 m3/m2 h). On the other hand, if complete CO2 capture is not the major aim, the reactor can be operated in a much wider range of L/S (1–10 m3/m2 h) obtaining much higher conversions than achievable with a reactor without membranes, and H2 recoveries higher than 80%, which open up possibilities for industrial application of membrane reactors. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oligosaccharide accumulated in the coagulation bath on the lyocell fiber process during industrial production
Authors: Zhang Huiru R. , Liu Xiaoyun , Li Dongshuang , Li Rongxian
Published: March 2009

In this article, we investigate the effects of oligosaccharide accumulated in the coagulation bath on the lyocell fiber process during industrial production. The research method consists of three parts. First, high‐performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the monosaccharide composition of lyocell fibers and their pulp materials to determine whether the hemicelluloses in pulp material can be precipitated from the coagulation bath and then regenerated into lyocell fibers. Second, we establish a method for measuring the total sugar mixture content in the coagulation bath, which is a necessary technique during the industrial production of lyocell fibers. Third, we study the effect of oligosaccharide accumulated in the coagulation bath on the mechanical properties and supermolecular structure of lyocell fibers through a simulation experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Studies on the curing kinetics and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A using mixture of novel, environment friendly sulphur containing amino acids and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone
Authors: Darshan  , Malhotra Priti , Narula A. K.
Published: March 2009

This article describes the curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A using Cysteine (A)/ Methionine (B)/Cystine (C)/ mixture of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and Cysteine/DDS and Methionine/DDS and Cystine in various molar ratios as curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the cure kinetics by recording the DSC scans at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min. The peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the heating rate, structure of the amino acids and on the DDS/amino acids molar ratio. A broad exotherm was observed in the temperature range of 150–245°C (EA), 155–240°C (EB), and 190–250°C (EC). Curing of DGEBA with mixture of amino acids and 4, 4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) resulted in a decrease in characteristic curing temperatures. Activation energy of curing reaction is determined in accordance to Ozawa's method and was found to be dependent on the structure of the amino acids and on the ratio of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) to amino acid. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was evaluated using dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. No significant change has been observed in the char yield of all the samples, but it was highest in the system cured using either Cystine alone (EC‐1) or a mixture of DDS/Cystine (EC‐2, EC‐3, and EC‐4). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of some electrospinning parameters on morphology of natural silk‐based nanofibers
Authors: Amiraliyan Nasim , Nouri Mahdi , Kish Mohammad Haghighat
Published: March 2009

Natural silk, from Bombyx mori solutions were electrospun into nanofibers, with diameters ranged from 60 to 7000 nm. The effects of electrospinning temperature, solution concentration and electric field on the formation nanofibers were studied. Optical and scanning electron microscope were used to study the morphology and diameter of electrospun nanofibers. It was observed that the nanofibers became flattened with ribbon‐like shape with increasing the electrospinning temperature. The nanofiber diameter increases with the increase in the concentration of silk solution at all electrospinning temperature. With increasing the voltage of electric field at 50°C, morphology of the nanofibers changes from ribbon‐like structure to circular cross section. Referring to the literature the probable mechanism responsible for the change of morphology is pointed out. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Similar processes despite divergent behavior in two commonly used measures of risky decision making
Authors: Bishara Anthony J. , Pleskac Timothy J. , Fridberg Daniel J. , Yechiam Eldad , Lucas Jesolyn , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Finn Peter R. , Stout Julie C.
Published: March 2009

Performance on complex decision‐making tasks may depend on a multitude of processes. Two such tasks, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), are of particular interest because they are associated with real world risky behavior, including illegal drug use. We used cognitive models to disentangle underlying processes in both tasks. Whereas behavioral measures from the IGT and BART were uncorrelated, cognitive models revealed two reliable cross‐task associations. Results suggest that the tasks similarly measure loss aversion and decision‐consistency processes, but not necessarily the same learning process. Additionally, substance‐using individuals (and especially stimulant users) performed worse on the IGT than healthy controls did, and this pattern could be explained by reduced decision consistency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term lime pretreatment of poplar wood
Authors: Sierra Rocio , Granda Cesar , Holtzapple Mark T.
Published: March 2009

Short‐term lime pretreatment uses lime and high‐pressure oxygen to significantly increase the digestibility of poplar wood. When the treated poplar wood was enzymatically hydrolyzed, glucan and xylan were converted to glucose and xylose, respectively. To calculate product yields from raw biomass, these sugars were expressed as equivalent glucan and xylan. To recommend pretreatment conditions, the single criterion was the maximum overall glucan and xylan yields using a cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass. On this basis, the recommended conditions for short‐term lime pretreatment of poplar wood follow: (1) 2 h, 140°C, 21.7 bar absolute and (2) 2 h, 160°C, and 14.8 bar absolute. In these two cases, the reactivity was nearly identical, thus the selected condition depends on the economic trade off between pressure and temperature. Considering glucose and xylose and their oligomers produced during 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, the overall yields attained under these recommended conditions follow: (1) 95.5 g glucan/100 g of glucan in raw biomass and 73.1 g xylan/100 g xylan in raw biomass and (2) 94.2 g glucan/100 g glucan in raw biomass and 73.2 g xylan/100 g xylan in raw biomass. The yields improved by increasing the enzyme loading. An optimal enzyme cocktail was identified as 67% cellulase, 12% β‐glucosidase, and 24% xylanase (mass of protein basis) with cellulase activity of 15 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass and total enzyme loading of 51 mg protein/g glucan in raw biomass. Ball milling the lime‐treated poplar wood allowed for 100% conversion of glucan in 120 h with a cellulase loading of only 10 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Insights into the Origin of Solid‐State Photochromism and Thermochromism ofN‐Salicylideneanils: The Intriguing Case of Aminopyridines
Authors: Robert François , Naik Anil D. , Tinant Bernard , Robiette Raphaël , Garcia Yann
Published: March 2009

All light and no heat?Structure–property relationships for photochromic and thermochromicN‐salicylideneanils have been revised (see picture). One derivative has a packed crystal structure, is photochromic and exhibits an infinitely slow thermal back relaxation of technological interest. Complexation of the anils to transition metals has also been studied.

magnified image

The relationships between the crystal structure and optical properties of switchableN‐salicylideneanils have been revised and discussed on the basis of new experimental results and a computational approach.N‐Salicylidene‐3‐aminopyridine (L3) is a versatile thermo‐ and photochromic molecule. It also exhibits an infinitely slow thermal back relaxation (k=9.9×10−8 s−1) after photoswitching that is suitable for optical memories. Contrary to reports in the literature,N‐salicylidene‐4‐aminopyridine (L4) is exclusively thermochromic. To explain these unexpected optical properties in the solid state, crystallography combined with UV‐visible spectroscopic data was exploited.L3was also used as a ligand in new thermochromic coordination complexes [M(CH3OH)2(L3)2(NCX)2], in which MII=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Mn and X=S or Se (1–6), which allowed the fine‐tuning of the electron density in the photochromic moiety. The influence of the coordination through the nitrogen of the pyridine ring is also fully discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CaFeO2: A New Type of Layered Structure with Iron in a Distorted Square Planar Coordination.
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , et al. et al.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Binary Silver Nitrogen Anion [Ag(N3)2]‐.
Authors: Klapoetke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Scherr Matthias
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ba(XeF2)5](AF6)2, A: Ru, Nb — Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Raman Spectra.
Authors: Bunic Tina , Tramsek Melita , Goreshnik Evgeny , Zemva Boris
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Effective Ruthenium Trichloride Based Protocol for the Regio‐ and Stereoselective Catalytic Hydroamidation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Arndt Matthias , Blanchot Mathieu , Rudolphi Felix , Menges Fabian , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional Benzylic Zinc Chlorides by the Direct Insertion of Magnesium into Benzylic Chlorides in the Presence of LiCl and ZnCl2.
Authors: Metzger Albrecht , Piller Fabian M. , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene‐Catalyzed Alkylative Dimerization of Vinyl Grignard Reagent Using Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Fujii Yuuki , Terao Jun , Kato Yuichiro , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: P2O5‐Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS): An Efficient System to Induce the Three‐Component Reaction of Enolic Systems, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Acetonitrile.
Authors: Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium(II)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Pinacol‐type Cross‐Coupling: Studies of Substrate‐Controlled Effects.
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Jung Marc , Lang Steffen , Schuppler Thilo
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Disulfide Metathesis.
Authors: Caraballo Remi , Rahm Martin , Vongvilai Pornrapee , Brinck Tore , Ramstroem Olof
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Approach to Catalyst Hydrophobicity for an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in a Biphasic Aqueous Environment.
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Easwar Srinivasan , De Marco Alessandro , Pasi Filippo , Trombini Claudio
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Simple Hydrophobic Proline Derivatives as Highly Active and Stereoselective Catalysts for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Meo Paolo Lo , Riela Serena , Noto Renato
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Functionalized Phosphine Ligand with a Pentaarylbenzene Moiety in Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Iwasawa Tetsuo , Kamei Toshinori , Watanabe Satoshi , Nishiuchi Masaki , Kawamura Yasuhiko
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Consecutive [1,2] Alkyl Migration‐Oxygen Transfer Reaction of 2‐Alkynyl‐1‐tetralones.
Authors: Chan Ching Siew , Araki Toshiharu , Nakamura Itaru , Terada Masahiro
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Novel Polycyclic Heterocycles Using a Tin(II) Chloride Dihydrate‐Mediated Deacetalization—Bicyclization Sequence.
Authors: Cayley Alex N. , Gallagher Katherine A. , Menard‐Moyon Cecilia , Schmidt Jan Peter , Diorazio Louis J. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Organocatalytic Cascade Aza‐Michael—Michael Reactions: A Direct Method for the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Chiral Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Li Hao , Zu Liansuo , Xie Hexin , Wang Jian , Wang Wei
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Propargylation/Amination/Cycloisomerization Tandem Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles from Propargylic Alcohols, 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Primary Amines.
Authors: Liu Xiao‐tao , Huang Lei , Zheng Fei‐jian , Zhan Zhuang‐ping
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Vinylpyrrole‐2‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Vasil'tsov Alexander M. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Ivanov Andrey V. , Skital'tseva Elena , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Senotrusova Elena Yu. , Ushakov Igor A. , Petrushenko Konstantin B.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of N‐[(Aziridin‐2‐yl)methyl]benzimidazolequinone and Analysis of Toxicity Towards Normal and Fanconi Anemia Cells.
Authors: O'Donovan Liz , Carty Michael P. , Aldabbagh Fawaz
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, Novel Synthesis for 1‐Carbamoyl‐1H‐benzotriazole and Some of Its Analogues.
Authors: Perry Christopher John , Holding Keith , Tyrrell Elizabeth
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.