bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Migraine Patterns and White Matter Hyperintensities in MRI Brain: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Antony Jibin , Namboothiri Athul Damodaran , Mathew Lenythomas
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Migraine is a neurological condition characterised by recurrent episodes of headaches. The role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool in evaluating migraines is yet to be fully understood. Changes that occur in the blood vessels during a migraine attack lead to hypoperfusion in the brain, causing neurovascular dysfunction and cortical spreading depression. These events are manifested as White Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs) in brain MRI. Aim: To determine the association between migraine patterns and WMHs in the MRI brain scans. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Department of Neurology, Mar Baselios Medical Mission Hospital, a tertiary care centre for Neurology and Movement disorders in South India, from June 2021 to June 2022. The study included 100 patients aged between 18 and 50 years who had been diagnosed with migraine. A questionnaire was prepared, which included various parameters such as the presence or absence of aura, duration, frequency, tolerability, disability, intensity of pain, nausea, and resistance to treatment. The severity of migraine in the patients was evaluated using the Migraine Intensity and Severity Evaluation (MIGSEV) scale, which considers parameters such as pain intensity, attack duration, nausea, disability, tolerability, treatment resistance, and attack frequency. Based on this assessment, patients were classified into Grade I, II, or III. After obtaining informed consent, MRI brain scans were performed on all patients. Patients exhibiting WMHs underwent Gadolinium IV contrast, and those with contrast-enhancing lesions underwent whole spine screening and CSF analysis testing. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis. The statistical tests employed included the MannWhitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman coefficient. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.60±7.0 years. WMHs were present in 47 out of 100 patients (47%). A significant association was observed between WMHs and aura (U=487.50) (p-value<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that migraine severity grade, pain intensity during the attack, nausea, disability, tolerability, migraine duration, and resistance to treatment were statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: WMHs in MRI were more significant in patients with Grade III MIGSEV scores. There was a statistically significant association between the number of WMHs, high intensity of pain, vomiting, severe disability, and tolerability during a migraine attack. Therefore, these parameters can be considered as risk factors for developing WMHs in the brain MRI of migraine patients.
Comparison of Recovery Profile and Cost-effectiveness of Sevoflurane and Desflurane using Low Flow Anaesthesia in Adults: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rao Aparna , Konnur Shweta , Sancheti Abhay
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Newer inhalational agents, like sevoflurane and desflurane, offer advantages of rapid induction and early recovery due to their low blood gas solubility. However, cost remains a major drawback of these agents, despite the reduction in agent consumption achieved through low flow anaesthesia. Aim: To evaluate the recovery profile and cost-effectiveness of sevoflurane and desflurane using low flow anaesthesia in adults. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical study was conducted at, Department of Anaesthesia, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, during October 2019 to August 2021, with 60 patients classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I or II, aged 18-65 years, undergoing elective surgeries lasting 1-4 hours under general anaesthesia with the low flow technique. Group S received sevoflurane, while group D received desflurane. Anaesthesia was maintained using a 50/50 mixture of oxygen/air and either sevoflurane or desflurane, depending on the group. The inhalational agents were titrated intraoperatively to achieve a Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of approximately one. The amount of inhalational agent consumed was calculated, and recovery profiles were studied. The means of continuous variables were compared using an Independent sample t-test, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Results: In Groups S and D, the mean ages were 39.17 years and 41.5 years, and the percentages of males were 30% and 50%, respectively. The mean times to swallowing, spontaneous eye opening, limb movements, establishing spontaneous regular breathing, responding to verbal commands, extubation, stating a name on command, and achieving a modified Aldrete score ≥9 in minutes were 6.13, 4.87, 5.07, 4.57, 7.40, 8.97, 10.40, and 11.50, respectively. These values were significantly lower in group D. The mean cost per hour and average volume consumption were significantly higher in group D. Conclusion: The study concludes that desflurane provides faster and better recovery from anaesthesia. Although the total cost of desflurane was higher compared to sevoflurane, its use can be beneficial for faster emergence, early transfer from the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), and earlier discharge from the hospital.
Mediastinal Pseudocyst in a Case of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Heda Arjun , Kabra Ruchita , Acharya Sourya , Dutta Shaina
Published: October 2023

Pancreatic pseudocysts are collections of fluid localised within the pancreas or in the peripancreatic space, which can occur following acute pancreatitis or in patients with a history of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. They are well-known complications of pancreatitis. The pathogenesis of pancreatitis depends on its etiology, where enzyme-rich fluid and products of autoregulation accumulate in acute pancreatitis, and cysts are formed due to obstructed ducts in chronic pancreatitis. The development of pancreatic pseudocysts is more commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis than acute pancreatitis. Unless ruptured, pancreatic pseudocysts are usually not hazardous. Diagnosis of pseudocysts has become easier with advanced diagnostic techniques such as ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Patients presenting with abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes should be suspected of having pseudocysts. Approximately one-third of these cases resolve spontaneously. In the past, surgery was the only management method, but recently, with newer techniques such as percutaneous drainage and endoscopic cyst enterostomy, management has become easier. Percutaneous drainage, performed under local anaesthesia, is a cost-effective procedure with very low complications. The recurrence rate is higher with single-needle treatment, so catheters are used to decrease recurrence. Drainage should be the first choice of management, but with advancing technology and endoscopic techniques, it may become more useful in the future with skilled practitioners. In this case report, we will examine the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with symptoms of pain in the epigastric region and was diagnosed with a pancreatic pseudocyst. This case demonstrates a rare presentation where the pseudocyst extends into the mediastinum and thorax.
Principals’ Control Mechanisms as a Tool of Administrative Behaviour in Influencing Teachers’ Commitment in Secondary Schools in Bui-Division of the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Tar Njodzeven Brendan , Vukeh Tamajong Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

This work aims to investigate Principals’ control mechanisms: Lack of teachers’ commitment was identified as the problem in question. The main objective of this work is therefore to study the extent to which teachers’ commitment is influenced by Principals’ control mechanisms. The null and alternative hypotheses were articulated to answer this question. Some theories were used to give the problem a significant base. The study used data collected from principals and teachers of secondary schools and simple random sampling (SRS) and purposeful sampling techniques were used to obtain the sample size for principals and teachers in government secondary schools in the Bui Division. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in data collection and analysis. In the quantitative approach, questionnaires were used while in the qualitative approach, we used interviews and observation guides. The findings showed that the principals’ control mechanisms affect teachers’ commitment in secondary schools. Statistically, the calculated value of the spearman correlation index of 0.796 was obtained with a p-value of 0.05. The alternative hypothesis was affirmed that principals’ control mechanisms significantly influence teachers’ commitment. Based on the above results, some recommendations and suggestions were made for policy-making in this direction.
Optimization Method for the Internal Distribution Network of a Photovoltaic Plant Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Nascimento Eluan Oliveira , Monteiro Paulo Roberto Duailibe , Borges Thiago Trezza
Published: October 2023

Solar energy has grown exponentially around the world because it is clean and renewable, with this, photovoltaic plants are installed for its consumers as well as to relieve the electrical system of the country and guarantee the reliability. In this way, carrying out a correct dimensioning and finding a layout for the execution of a solar plant is important because it can increase or minimize the electrical losses as well as the investment. This study uses the genetic algorithm in order to find better layout to optimize the energy loss on an implanted solar power plant and resize the conductors by current capacity and voltage drop, the study shows how to program Excel to solve the multi-positioning problem through the genetic algorithm in a solar power plant. The results show that the optimization proposed by the genetic algorithm was able to reduce electrical losses by 75% and the net present value over a period of 25 years was reduced by 25%. Future research will be carried out considering 3D plans covering solar plants that are installed on the roof.
A Comprehensive Report on Environmental Sustainability: A Global Perspective
Authors: Kumaresan P. R. , Hidangmayum Narmada , Singh Akhilesh , Yadav Deny , Shabnam  , Brajendra  , Devi Arambam Bebina , Asmatullah
Published: October 2023

In the last three decades, protecting the earth's environment has become a major challenge in international relations. Hundreds of regional and bilateral agreements, as well as at least ten global environmental agreements, were negotiated. Environmentalism can be seen as a social movement that seeks to influence jobs and education to conserve natural resources and ecosystems. Concerns for environmental protection have emerged in various forms in various parts of the world throughout history. The environmental movement is a diverse scientific, social and political movement. The movement is committed to ecology, health and human rights while accepting people as workers in the ecosystem. Today, it is generally accepted that environmental protection is a part of national policies and plans. The accepted standard to achieve this reduction target is "sustainable development". In fact, all existing laws and policies on environmental protection and human development, at the national or international level, aim at achieving "sustainable development". Despite the great environmental protection that humans have used in the past three decades, global warming has not reduced the occurrence of anomalous atmospheric phenomena due to scientific knowledge and available technology. Although many environmental policies and action plans have been negotiated over the past three decades, significant gaps remain in international environmental policy law. The framework has not yet become a method or method. Rather, each is a collection of commitments related to a democratic international or regional environmental issue. Nature has become negative by affecting the climate on the one hand and the health and safety of all living and non-living beings on the other. The ecosystem resonates with abnormal noise, vibration, dust and smoke from human activities. These events remind people that the environment must be protected with all enthusiasm and energy no matter what. Given the progress we have made in destroying the earth's environment, future global environmental efforts will focus more on environmental restoration than conservation. Human rights will also provide important opportunities for better protection of the environment.
Assessing the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Different Varieties of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. Var. Cerasiforme) Under Polyhouse
Authors: Hansda Narendra Nath , Thapa Umesh , Kulshreshtha Shubham Kumar , Kundu Sourav
Published: October 2023

Aim: Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. var. cerasiforme) are highly favored for their delectable flavor and plentiful small-sized fruits that form clusters on the plant's stems and branches. This study focused on examining the “Assessing the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Different Varieties of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. var. cerasiforme) under Polyhouse”.

Study Design: In the first and second years of varietal evaluation, the experiment was set up using a Complete Randomized Block Design (C.R.B.D.) with nine treatments (varieties) and three replications Nine cherry tomato are collected from different sources and the varieties are BSS-834, Nagmani, Nagmoti, Rosa, Sheeja, Laila, Darjeeling Local, Ken and Red Cherry.

Place and Duration of Study: The current study was carried out in the naturally ventilated arched sawtooth polyhouse at the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in Mohanpur, Nadia (West Bengal) in the years 2021–2022 and 2022–2023.

Methodology: The dimensions of the experimental plot were 2.5 m x 1 m2, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 50 cm. The tests used the ridge bed approach, with two rows per bed. During the two years of the experiment, a number of significant characteristics were noted, such as the number of primary branches and the plant height (in centimeters) related to vegetative development. For every replication, a statistical analysis of the mean values was performed.

Results: Out of all the cultivars evaluated, BSS-834 and Laila showed the best yield and yield-related attributes.

Conclusion: It is therefore advised to cultivate these two excellent kinds, "BSS-834" and "Laila," in light of the findings.
Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits, Gall Midge and Brown Spot Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Irrigated Ecosystem
Authors: Nayak P. Gonya , Madhukar P. , Prasanna B. Laxmi , Srinivas B.
Published: October 2023

Gall midge and brown spot of rice are a fungal disease that affect both seedlings and mature plants. To investigate resistance of rice to this disease twenty nine rice cultures were evaluated under irrigated ecosystem at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial during kharif, 2020. High heritable estimates were observed for all the 8 traits studied. High estimates of heritability was recorded for important yield attributes viz., days to 50% flowering (91.4, 11.24), plant height (77.8, 9.53), 1000-grain weight (98.4, 54.5), number of grains per panicle (78.3, 40.18) and grain yield (98.7, 33.87) indicated that these traits were under the control of additive genes. Significantly positive correlations were recorded with plant height, Number of productive tillers per plant and 1000 seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, the results clearly indicated that long duration genotypes with more height and bolder grains contribute for more grain yield. Among the eight traits studied, 1000 grain weight contributed highest (67.8%) towards total divergence followed by days to 50% flowering (11.5%), number of grains per panicle (6.06) and Galls midge incidence percentage (6.06%). Genotypes, JGL 38957 of cluster II, JGL 38950 of cluster III, JGL 38935 of cluster IV and JGL 38921 of Cluster VII could be the best source to develop brown spot, gall midge resistance and high yielding rice varieties.
Crop Growth Indices as Influenced by FYM, Vermicompost and Fertility Levels in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Yadav D. D. , Sachan Dhruvendra Singh , Verma V. K. , Prasad Janki , Singh Utkarsh , Singh Shivendra
Published: October 2023

The field experiments were carried out during Rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Student’s Instructional Farm (SIF), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, to study the Effect of FYM, Vermicompost and Fertility levels on growth and yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The results revealed that at 30, 60, 90 & 120 DAS the treatment (T14) 100% RDF+ 50% N through Vermicompost recorded significantly higher plant height, Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate and Relative Growth Rate followed by 100% RDF + 50% N through FYM (T10) in both year and pooled also. The highest Grain Yield (24.63 q. ha-1) with highest Harvest Index (28.40 %) was recorded over treatment (T14) 100% RDF + 50% N through Vermicompost of mustard followed by Grain Yield (23.70 q. ha-1) with Harvest Index (27.70 %) of 100% RDF + 50% N through FYM (T10) in both year and pooled also.
Multivariate Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Various Agro-Physiological Traits in CIMMYT Accessions of Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
Authors: Naveen Aavula , Srinija Pusuluri , Supriya Patel , Bhargavi H. A.  , Hemanth S.  , Sinha B. , Mishra V. K.
Published: October 2023

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the most vital staple crops globally, providing sustenance for billions of people. The continued increase in the global population, coupled with the ever-changing climate patterns and growing concerns about food security, has intensified the need for enhancing the productivity and adaptability of wheat varieties. In this context, in the 2019-20 Rabi season, a research study was conducted at Banaras Hindu University's Agriculture Research Farm, Varanasi, in a randomized complete block design with two replications. This research examines the association and interrelationships between thirteen different agro-physiological traits among fifty accessions of CIMMYT bread wheat. The results demonstrate significant positive correlations between grain yield and yield-related traits, including plant height, spike length, biological yield per plot, test weight, and harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Further analysis using path coefficients shed light on the direct and indirect effects of these traits on grain yield. Among the studied traits, harvest index and biological yield per plot were found to have higher direct effects than others. Days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, canopy temperature showed negligible positive direct effect on grain yield. These findings hold significant promise for informing and optimizing selection and breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat varieties.
Analysis of Forced Convection on Velocity Profile and Temperature Distribution in a Square Enclosure
Authors: Odira Rasid Okeyo , Sigey Johana Kibet , Abonyo Jeconia Okelo , Vincent Bulinda M.
Published: October 2023

The research project focused on a forced convection in a three dimensional square enclosure with a heater placed at the center of the room, a window on one of the adjacent walls of the enclosure and two fans fixed along the other wall. To carry out analyzing of the flow and heat transfer rate, a set of non-dimensionalized equations governing Newtonian fluid and boundary conditions were discussed. These equations with boundary conditions are discretized using central difference approximation method. The results obtained from finite difference equations (FDE) were then solved using MATLAB simulation software. The results found reveal that, both the horizontal and vertical velocity profiles are increased by Richardson number, and Reynolds number. Also Eckert number together with dimensionless heat absorption coefficient leads to an increase in the temperature distribution. The obtained results are presented in graphs and tables to show temperature distribution and velocity profile in the room with both physical and scientific explanations.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in COVID-19 Primary Infected Patients
Authors: El-Batawy Yasmin Lotfy , El-Shafeay Mohammed Hassan , Sharshar Ragia Samir , Mokhtar Hwaida Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) has shown to have a significant role to help in diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also assessing the disease progression and monitoring the response to treatment since it is less expensive, readily accessible, safe and saves time. This research objects to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of non-contrast chest CT in COVID-19 primary infected patients. This prospective research involved 100 COVID-19 infected patients as proven by ​polymerase Chain Reaction (63 females and 37 males). Initial and follow up CT scans were performed.

Results: There was a positive significant correlation between CT severity score and diabetes mellitus, malignancy, and other immune-compromised disease. There was a positive significant correlation between CT severity score and age (r=0.830, p<0.001) and smoking (r=0.231, p=0.020).  Age, smoking and CT severity score were significant predictors for incidence of fibrotic changes.

Conclusion: This study confirmed the great significance of chest CT for the differentiation between pulmonary changes occurred during infection and follow up and predict the risk factors that can affect the prognosis of the disease.
Diagnostic Value of Transcranial Ultrasound in Preterm Infants
Authors: Abaza Ahmed N. , Elshafey Khaled I. , Younis Rasha L. , Saleh Hanan A.
Published: October 2023

Background: Prematurity is a term refers to neonates born at < 37 weeks of gestation. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) and magnetic resonance imaging are the two primary imaging methods for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in the neonatal duration era.

Aim: To verify the role of transcranial ultrasound (TCUS) as a screening tool in preterm infants to assess various cerebral lesions.

Patients and Methods: This trial was performed on 150 preterm neonates delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. They underwent TCUS scan just after admission, after three and seven days.

Results: A significant variation was found among neonates with normal CUS findings and those with abnormal US findings regarding gestational weight. A significant variation was found among neonates with normal CUS findings and those with abnormal US findings in neonates with respiratory distress. A significant variation was found among preterm with normal CUS findings and those with abnormal US findings regarding the outcome of the studied neonates.

Conclusion: CUS remains the rapid, accurate imaging tool of choice in preterm neonates for detecting brain injuries.
Knowledge and Awareness of Radiation Hazards and Safety among Dental Hygienists, Dental Assistants and Dental Assistant Interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Yasmine , Soman Cristalle , AlQahtani Soad , Almahdi Alya
Published: October 2023

Introduction: X-ray plays a significant role in the field of dentistry and has a variety of uses in dental practice from diagnosis of tooth decay, periodontal diseases and bone defects to more sophisticated applications such as precision implant planning. The dental staff personnel use different modalities of X-rays on daily basis such as intra-oral radiography and cone beam computed tomography, although diagnostic X-rays have low quantum of ionizing radiation safety measures should be taken into consideration. All health care personnel are trained regrading radiation hazard and safety measures.

Aim: To identify the level of Knowledge and awareness about radiation hazards and safety practices among dental hygienists, dental assistants and dental assistant interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: A survey based on cross sectional study was conducted among (n=321) dental hygienists, dental assistants and dental assistant interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed using mixed methods as handout papers and online mediums. The questionnaire comprised of 14 questions (the total of demographic data was four (4) questions and for knowledge and awareness was ten (10) questions.

Results: From the (321) participants (75.7 %) responses had expected correct answers.

The majority of participants (86%) considered dental x-rays to be harmful to all types of patients.

Conclusion: Within limitations of this study, dental assistants, dental hygienists and dental assisting interns had adequate knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and safety measures, however, there is a need for continual teaching of ALARA principle and radiation safety protocols during pregnancy to ensure maximum safety.
Determinants of Market Outlets Choices among Smallholder Mango and Passion Fruit Farmers in Kenya
Authors: Gachoka Wainaina Moses , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Wanja Munyiri Shelmith
Published: October 2023

Aims: Mango and passion fruit farming is one of the lucrative enterprises in the areas where they are grown and marketed. However, there is need for stability in the market outlets choices made by farmers due to the negative influence of brokers and fear of postharvest loss. This study sought to identify the determinants that influence the choice of market outlet made by mango and passion fruit farmers in Machakos, Makueni, Embu, Uasin Gishu, and Trans Nzoia Counties, Kenya.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used on a target population of 18750 smallholder mango and passion fruit households to get a sample size of 402 households through random cluster sampling. The study considered three market outlets: direct marketing, intermediate marketing, and collective action. A multinomial logit model was used to analyze the determinants of the choice of market outlets.

Results: The descriptive findings revealed that most smallholder mango farmers (72.73%) and passion fruit farmers (91.67%) rely on brokers/intermediaries to market their produce. The multinomial model revealed that market distance, household size, age, and years of schooling among the independent variables led to 52.84% influence on the choice of market outlet. An increase in any of the determinants by a unit increased the likelihood of the farmers' use of broker market outlet as opposed to direct marketing or wholesaling. As farmers' years of schooling increased by one year, the propensity to trade with a broker increased by a factor of 0.027 (P-value=0.01), while the tendency to trade with exporters increased by 0.004 (P-value=0.1).

Conclusion: There is lack of proper regulated market outlets for mango and passion fruit. The government must streamline mango and passion fruit markets to aid in dealing with brokers. Government needs also to improve roads connecting markets in mango growing areas.
The moderating role of reflective thinking on personal factors affecting belief in conspiracy theories
Authors: Ozono Hiroki , Sakakibara Ryota
Published: October 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked an interest in conspiracy theories worldwide. Previous research has shown that reflective thinking can inhibit belief in conspiracy theories. However, this study delves further by investigating whether reflective thinking moderates the effects of other personal factors, such as anxiety and social class. We conducted an online survey and analyzed data from 937 crowd workers in Japan. The results show that the inhibitory effect of reflective thinking, measured through performance‐based and self‐report methods, remained robust among the participants. However, our analysis yielded near‐null results for the interaction, rejecting the idea that reflective thinking acts as a significant moderator in the relationship between reflective thinking and various personal factors. The implications of these findings suggest that reflective thinking does not amplify factors that strengthen belief in conspiracy theories. Instead, fostering reflective thinking appears to be an effective strategy for reducing conspiracy beliefs.
In Situ Combined‐Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Rongmei , Wang Peng , Wang Linqing , Zhao Yuanju , Ge Chenghao , Sun Licheng , Xie Lin , Hua Yong
Published: October 2023

Spiro‐OMeTAD is a commonly used material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It requires chemical doping with a lithium compound and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine to enhance its conductivity and hole extraction efficiency. However, this conventional doping process has limitations in terms of efficiency and stability. In this study, an innovative approach using an in situ combined dual‐hole transport layer with 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐Pn) is introduced to improve PSC performance. These results show that this in situ combined hole transport layer with TIPS‐Pn channels effectively extracts and transports hole carriers, reducing non‐radiative recombination. Additionally, it allows for the absorption of excess photo energy from hot hole carriers, resulting in a significant increase in the average power conversion efficiency of PSCs from 22.42% to 24.13%. Furthermore, the device retains 90% of its initial efficiency after 1900 h of exposure to air, indicating improved stability. Notably, a 44% improvement in thermal stability is observed after 500 h due to the robust morphology and hydrophobic surface. This work presents a novel strategy for enhancing the performance of Spiro‐OMeTAD in PSCs and provides valuable insights into hole carrier dynamics in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Controllable Flow and Manipulation of Liquid Metals
Authors: He Yahua , You Jing , Dickey Michael D. , Wang Xiaolin
Published: October 2023

This review summarizes the controllable flow and manipulation of gallium‐based liquid metals (e.g., eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn). There are generally only a few ways to handle fluids, but liquid metals offer versatile control due to their properties: 1) excellent fluidity, 2) adjustable surface tension, 3) electrically and chemically controllable surface oxides, 4) metallic electrical and thermal conductivity, and 5) the ability to alloy with other metals (e.g., magnetic particles). These all‐in‐one properties empower liquid metals to exhibit controllable flow in confined microchannels (steerable flow) and from nozzles (printable flow), and make liquid metals susceptible to various energy fields, including electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, wave, and light fields. Consequently, the flow and manipulation of liquid metals enable intriguing morphological changes (e.g., formation of droplets/plugs, jets, fibers) and controllable motion (e.g., jumping, bouncing, directional locomotion, rotation) of liquid metals with new fluidic phenomena and practical applications such as soft electronics and robotics. This review aims to present a selective framework and provide an insightful understanding for controlling and shaping liquid metals, thereby stimulating further research and generating increased interest in this topic.
Bi‐Directional Electrolytic Reduction of CO2 to Mesoporous Carbons with Regulated Structure and Surface Functional Groups for Zn‐ion Capacitors
Authors: Yu Ao , Zhao Yinan , Zhang Wei , Yang Wenhao , Zhu Longtao , Peng Ping , Li Fang‐Fang , Yang Yang
Published: October 2023

Zn‐ion capacitors (ZICs) take advantage of batteries and supercapacitors in delivering high energy and power densities for energy storage by using porous carbons due to their low cost, lightweight, high conductivity, and good stability. However, it remains a grand challenge to regulate the mesoporous structures of carbons, including pore sizes and surface functional groups, which are essential for ion transport and electrochemical reactions of ZICs. Herein, a bi‐directional electrolysis strategy is developed to directly reduce CO2 to oxygen‐rich mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with adjustable pore sizes and oxygen‐bearing functional groups, which are preferred for ZICs as theoretically proved by density functional theory (DFT). The designed OMCs exhibit a remarkable energy density of 216.6 Wh kg−1 and performance retention of 90% after 15000 cycles. When assembled in the flexible ZICs, the OMCs demonstrate a high capacitance of 329.5 mAh g−1. This work presents a novel strategy for synthesizing OMCs through a decarbonization process and reveals the crucial role of microstructure and surface functional groups in promoting the performance of ZICs.
Highly Deformable Double‐Sided Neural Probe with All‐in‐One Electrode System for Real‐Time In Vivo Detection of Dopamine for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Jung Han Hee , Ha Jeongdae , Park Jeongrak , Kang Seongtak , Kim Jinmo , Jung Han Na , Kim Samhwan , Yea Junwoo , Lee Hyeokjun , Oh Saehyuck , Jekal Janghwan , Song Soojeong , Son Jieun , Yu Tae Sang , Lee Youngjeon , Won Jinyoung , Lim Kyung Seob , Lee Yoon Kyeung , Keum Hohyun , Lee Taeyoon , Song Young Min , Jeong Jae‐Woong , Rah Jong‐Cheol , Choi Ji‐Woong , Xu Sheng , Oh Yong‐Seok , Jang Kyung‐In
Published: October 2023

Precise monitoring of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), is critical for understanding brain function and treating neurological disorders since dysregulation of DA implicates in a range of disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and addiction. This study proposes a multi‐deformable double‐sided (MDD) DA‐sensing probe with the three‐electrode system in all‐in‐one form for reliable real‐time monitoring of DA dynamics by integrating working, reference, and counter electrodes on a single probe. The proposed probe achieves high DA sensitivity and selectivity in virtue of enzyme immobilization on the 3D nanostructures grown on working electrode. Also, the serpentine design is employed for the electrodes to withstand in various deformations by achieving high stretchability and manage the stress induced on the probe. Experimental and computational analysis demonstrates an effective reduction in induced‐stress on the electrodes. The MDD DA‐sensing probe is implanted into the brain with success to enable real‐time, in vivo monitoring of DA levels in rodents. Furthermore, DA dynamic changes are monitored before and after treatment with L‐DOPA in hemi‐PD mice. This extremely deformable implantable probe has the potential for use in the study and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing reliable monitoring of DA dynamics with minimal damage to brain tissue.
Reducing Luminescence Intensity and Suppressing Irradiation‐induced Darkening of Bi4Ge3O12 by Ce‐doping for Radiation Detection
Authors: Tang Yangmin , Deng Mingxue , Liu Qiunan , Kang Chengbin , Li Xiang , Zheng Jiaqian , Suenaga Kazu , Zhou Zhenzhen , Chen Junfeng , Wang Jiacheng , Liu Qian
Published: October 2023

Due to its short radiation length, moderate light output (8000‐9000 photons/MeV), high density (7.13 g cm−3), and non‐hygroscopicity, etc., Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) material has been widely utilized as an advanced scintillator for irradiation detection. However, pure BGO cannot meet the requirements for future physics experiments and state‐of‐art industrial facilities coupled with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) due to its slow response time, poor radiation resistance, and excessive light output. Herein, a Ce‐doping strategy is reported for efficiently improving the overall performance (e.g., irradiation resistance, decay time, radioluminescence, and light output) of BGO that can be expectedly applied in future high energy physics detection. Ce‐doped BGO (BGO:Ce) displays higher radiation resistance ability under 10 h UV irradiation (97% of original) and a faster fluorescence lifetime (269 ns), superior to pure BGO. Furthermore, BGO:Ce shows ≈30% luminescence intensity of pure BGO, well eliminating the oversaturation of SiPM coupled with scintillation detectors. Theoretical calculations imply that an intense competition between electron or hole traps and Ce ions (Ce3+, Ce4+) can effectively reduce the concentration of color centers, thus enhancing irradiation resistance ability.
Hybrid Polyrhizal CdS Nanobelts/All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanoflake Heterojunction toward Ultrahigh‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Chen Huohuo , Wang Qianjin , Tan Qiuhong , Zhang Hui , Liu Lei , Liu Yingkai
Published: October 2023

Both all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite and CdS nanobelts possess outstanding photo‐detective properties. Herein, a hybrid photodetector based on four CdS nanobelts (NBs)/Cs3Sb2Br9 nanoflake (NF) heterojunction fabricated by a dry‐transfer tactic is designed. In this structure, four parallel CdS nanobelts almost fully cover the Cs3Sb2Br9 NF so that their photoelectronic advantage is demonstrated. The Cs3Sb2Br9 is exploited as an efficient light absorber and component for the construction of type‐II energy band with CdS. Compared with a single CdS NB/Cs3Sb2Br9 NF device, the hybrid four CdS NBs/Cs3Sb2Br9 NF device increases the hybrid area ratio of the channel from 36% to 86%, and demonstrates an appealing performance on an ultrahigh ON/OFF current ratio of 1.54 × 105, remarkable responsivity of 4.13 × 103 A W−1, large detectivity of 1.47 × 1015 Jones, and tremendous external quantum efficiency of 1.14 × 106 %, which are 9.5, 3.8, 7.2, and 3.8 times greater than the single CdS NB/Cs3Sb2Br9 NF device, respectively. Moreover, the photoresponse wavelength of the hybrid four CdS NBs/Cs3Sb2Br9 NF device is broadened to 400–520 nm. This work offers a strategy to enhance the photoelectric performance of hybrid devices, along with the illustration of vital insight into advanced device designs for violet‐green photodetectors.
Mid‐life adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and late‐life subjective cognitive complaints in women
Authors: Song Yixiao , Wu Fen , Sharma Sneha , Clendenen Tess V. , India‐Aldana Sandra , Afanasyeva Yelena , Gu Yian , Koenig Karen L. , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Chen Yu
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Evidence is limited on the role of mid‐life Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in late‐life subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs).

METHODS

We included 5116 women (mean age in 1985–1991: 46 years) from the New York University Women's Health Study. SCCs were assessed from 2018 to 2020 (mean age: 79 years) by a 6‐item questionnaire.

RESULTS

Compared to women in the bottom quartile of the DASH scores, the odds ratio (OR) for having two or more SCCs was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.99) for women in the top quartile of DASH scores at baseline (P for trend = 0.019). The association was similar with multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias. The inverse association was stronger in women without a history of cancer (P for interaction = 0.003).

DISCUSSION

Greater adherence to the DASH diet in mid‐life was associated with lower prevalence of late‐life SCCs in women.
Levels of plasma brain‐derived tau and p‐tau181 in Alzheimer's disease and rapidly progressive dementias
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Karikari Thomas K. , Bentivenga Giuseppe Mario , Baiardi Simone , Mammana Angela , Turton Michael , Kac Przemysław R. , Mastrangelo Andrea , Harrison Peter , Capellari Sabina , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Parchi Piero
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are a group of neurological disorders characterized by a rapid cognitive decline. The diagnostic value of blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in RPD has not been fully explored.

METHODS

We measured plasma brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) and p‐tau181 in 11 controls, 15 AD patients, and 33 with RPD, of which 19 were Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD).

RESULTS

Plasma BD‐tau differentiated AD from RPD and controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03, respectively), while plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau181 distinguished AD from RPD (p < 0.001) but not controls from RPD (p > 0.05). The correlation of CSF t‐tau with plasma BD‐tau was stronger (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) than the correlation of CSF and plasma p‐tau181 (r = 0.26, p = 0.04). The ratio BD‐tau/p‐tau181 performed equivalently to the CSF t‐tau/p‐tau181 ratio, differentiating AD from CJD (p < 0.0001).

DISCUSSION

Plasma BD‐tau and p‐tau181 mimic their corresponding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers. P‐tau significantly increased in AD but not in RPD. Plasma BD‐tau, like CSF t‐tau, increases according to neurodegeneration intensity.
Compatibility–structural color property relationship of binary blends of acetylated hydroxypropyl celluloses with different degrees of acetylation
Authors: Miyagi Kazuma
Published: October 2023

Polymer blends containing liquid crystalline cellulose derivatives potentially enable the fabrication of optical functional materials because of their unique optical properties, that is, structural color and circular dichroism. However, studies on the effect of the compatibility of the components on the optical properties of such blends are scarce, even though component compatibility is a crucial factor for the physical properties of the polymer blends. In this study, we investigated the effect of the component compatibility on the structural color property of binary blends of acetylated hydroxypropyl celluloses (AHPCs) with different degrees of acetylation (DSAc). The spectroscopic analyses of the AHPC blends revealed that the structural color of blends with a small DSAc gap between AHPC components systematically changed with the blend composition, whereas the color of blends with a large DSAc gap was independent of the composition. Compatibility tests via spin–lattice relaxation time measurements using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the different composition dependence of the color was attributed to the compatibility of the components, which varied according to the DSAc gap.
Biodiesel and fishmeal from Nile tilapia waste: process, techno‐economic, and Monte Carlo analyses
Authors: Igansi Andrei Vallerão , da Silva Patrick Peres , Engelmann Jenifer Inês , Moraes Paola Silveira , da Silveira Nauro , Corrêa Ricardo Gonçalves de Faria , de Souza Joana Siqueira , de Almeida Pinto Luiz Antonio , Paes Rafael Lipinski , Sant’Anna Cadaval Tito Roberto
Published: October 2023

Waste from the fish processing industry can provide a profitable and sustainable business. Industrial fish by‐products can be used as raw material to produce biofuels. This work evaluates the production process, characterization, and economic analysis for the production of biodiesel and fishmeal from tilapia processing waste. It demonstrates the potential of neutralized tilapia oil as a valuable raw material for biodiesel production. It presents specific mass, viscosity, and flash point results in line with ASTM and EN standards. Different plant sizes are modeled to evaluate biodiesel economic viability. Only the largest plant size was economically viable. In this case, the net present value (NPV) of US$ 13.89 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 50%, and the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of US$ 7.87 million/year showed that the production of biodiesel and fishmeal using tilapia waste is economically attractive. Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyse the price distribution of biodiesel and fishmeal and their effects on the plant size. A large plant size gave 100% good scenarios, whereas a medium plant size showed 25% beneficial scenarios, and small plants did not have good scenarios. In this context, the plant size can overcome risks from price variability. The economic evaluation revealed that the production scale and the factory's location influenced the project's viability directly as raw material costs are associated with transportation expenses. The study therefore indicates that not all countries with well established tilapia production can produce biodiesel in a viable and sustainable way.
Study of the radiofrequency‐induced heating inside the human head with dental implants at 7 T
Authors: Duan Song , Wu Xiuxiu , Shi Juntian , Li Wenhui , Dong Qingshan , Xin Sherman Xuegang
Published: October 2023

Conductive dental implants are commonly used in restorative therapy to replace missing teeth in patients. Ensuring the radiofrequency (RF) safety of these patients is crucial when performing 7 T magnetic resonance scans of their heads. This study aimed to investigate RF‐induced heating inside the human head with dental implants at 7 T. Dental implants and their attachments were fabricated and integrated into an anatomical head model, creating different measurement configurations (MCs). Numerical simulations were conducted using a 7 T transmit coil loaded with the anatomical head model, both with and without dental implants. The maximum temperatures inside the head for various MCs were computed using the maximum permissible input powers (MPIPs) obtained without dental implants and compared with published limits. Additionally, the MPIPs with dental implants were calculated for scenarios where the temperature limits were exceeded. The maximum temperatures observed inside the head ranged from 38.4°C to 39.6°C. The MPIPs in the presence of dental implants were 81.9%–97.3% of the MPIPs in the absence of dental implants for scenarios that exceeded the regulatory limit. RF‐induced heating effect of the dental implants was not significant. The safe scanning condition in terms of RF exposure was achievable for patients with dental implants. For patients with conductive dental implants of unknown configuration, it is recommended to reduce the input power by 18.1% of MPIP without dental implants to ensure RF safety.
The role of interorganizational collaboration and digital technologies in the implementation of circular economy practices—Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms
Authors: Schöggl Josef‐Peter , Stumpf Lukas , Baumgartner Rupert J.
Published: October 2023

Interorganizational collaboration and the use of new digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, internet of things (IoT), or blockchain technology, are regarded as key enablers in implementing sustainability and circular economy‐oriented practices. While this is reflected in a few conceptual and case studies, statistical analyses on the topic are rare. No study so far has focused on collaboration, and digital technologies have only been studied in isolation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interorganizational collaboration practices on a firm's circular economy practices and on outcomes (sustainability performance and economic performance), as well as the potentially facilitative role of new digital technologies on both. The research is based on a deductive approach, using a random sample of 112 Austrian manufacturing companies. The study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), features a multiple‐respondent design, and uses the dynamic capabilities view as a theoretical foundation. The study finds that interorganizational collaboration practices have a strong positive effect on the implementation of sustainability and CE practices, while the use of new digital technologies and general dynamic capabilities do not. The use of digital technologies positively affects only interorganizational collaboration, while general dynamic capabilities serve as an antecedent for both the use of digital technologies and interorganizational collaboration. Regarding the outcomes of CE implementation, the study finds a positive impact on firm‐level sustainability and economic performance. From a theoretical point of view, the study provides a new perspective on the prerequisites for successful CE implementation, highlights the importance of collaboration, and contextualizes the role of new digital technologies and dynamic capabilities. From a practical point of view, based on the positive outcomes found, the study supports arguments in favor of company engagement in CE activity. It also serves to motivate purposive digitization and systems thinking in order to create efficient CE collaboration networks.