bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing civic knowledge and engagement
Authors: Hatcher Julie A.
Published: April 2011

Civic engagement of college students is readily endorsed as an aspiration in higher education; however, defining and assessing civic learning outcomes is challenging. This chapter brings clarity to the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of civic‐minded graduates and offers advice on program development and assessment strategies to reach civic outcomes.
Down regulation of CSL activity inhibits cell proliferation in prostate and breast cancer cells
Authors: Yong Thomas , Sun Amanda , Henry Michael D. , Meyers Shari , Davis J. Nathan
Published: April 2011

The Notch receptor pathway provides a paradigm for juxtacrine signaling pathways and controls stem cell function, developmental cell fate decisions, and cellular differentiation. The Notch pathway is constitutively activated in human cancers by chromosomal rearrangements, activating point mutations, or altered expression patterns. Therefore, the Notch pathway is the subject of chemotherapeutic intervention in a variety of human cancers. Notch receptor activation results in the gamma‐secretase dependent proteolytic cleavage of the receptor to liberate the Notch intracellular domain that acts to mediate co‐activator recruitment to the DNA binding transcription factor, CSL (CBF‐1/RBP‐Jκ, Su(H), Lag‐1). Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway by gamma‐secretase inhibitors prevents NICD production and regulates CSL‐dependent transcriptional activity. To interrogate the loss of CSL activity in breast and prostate cancer cells, we used lentiviral‐based shRNA knockdown of CSL. Knockdown of CSL expression was assessed by decreased DNA binding activity and resulted in decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, gamma‐secretase inhibitor (GSI) treatment of these prostate and breast cancer cell lines resulted in minimal growth effects. PCR profiling of Notch pathway genes identified expression changes in few genes (Delta‐like‐1, Deltex‐1, LMO2, and SH2D1A) after CSL knockdown. Consistent with differential effects of GSI on cell survival, GSI treatment failed to recapitulate the gene expression changes observed after CSL knockdown. Thus, CSL inhibition may provide a more effective mechanism to inhibit Notch‐pathway dependent cancer cell proliferation as compared to GSI treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2340–2351, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amelioration of systemic lupus erythematosus by withangulatin A in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Zhou Lin , Chen Mingcang , Zhong Renqian , Liu Jianwen
Published: April 2011

We have previously reported the anti‐inflammatory potential and the possible underlying mechanisms of Withangulatin A (WA), which is an active component isolated from Physalis angulata L. Here, we demonstrated that WA might improve the life quality, as well as reduced the accumulation of proteinuria symptoms and levels of anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies in MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, WA could improve renal histopathologic characteristics of MRL/lpr mice. Intriguingly, expression of B cell‐activating factor (BAFF), BAFF‐R and related gene in the spleen were significantly reduced in 10 mg/kg WA‐treated mice compared with that in 5 mg/kg WA‐treated mice and untreated mice. These findings indicate that WA might have a pleiotropic therapeutic effect through their immunosuppression via inhibiting BAFF signaling, which suggest a potential application of this active constituent in the treatment of SLE. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2376–2382, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axin1 expression facilitates cell death induced by aurora kinase inhibition through PARP activation
Authors: Choi Eun‐Jin , Kim Shi‐Mun , Song Ki‐Joon , Lee Jae‐Myun , Kee Sun‐Ho
Published: April 2011

Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, participates in apoptosis, and Axin1 localizes to centrosomes and mitotic spindles, which requires Aurora kinase activity. In this study, Aurora inhibition of Axin1‐expressing cells (L‐Axin) produced polyploid cells, which died within 48 h posttreatment, whereas Axin2‐expressing cells (L‐Axin2) survived the same period. These cell death events showed apoptotic signs, such as chromatin condensation and increased sub‐G1 populations, as well as cell membrane rupture. Further analysis showed that Aurora kinase inhibitor (AKI) treatment of L‐Axin cells induced poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, which increased the poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation of cellular proteins and reduced cellular ATP content. PARP inhibition reduced a proportion of dead cells, suggesting PARP involvement in AKI‐induced cell death. Also, AKI treatment of L‐Axin cells induced mitochondrial apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) release, but not mitochondrial cytochrome c release or caspase‐3 activation. Knockdown of AIF attenuated AKI‐induced cell death in L‐Axin cells. Thus, our results suggest that Axin1 expression renders L929 cells sensitive to Aurora inhibition‐induced cell death in a PARP‐ and AIF‐dependent manner. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2392–2402, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen peroxide induces dimerization of protein kinase G type Iα subunits and increases albumin permeability in cultured rat podocytes
Authors: Piwkowska Agnieszka , Rogacka Dorota , Jankowski Maciej , Kocbuch Katarzyna , Angielski Stefan
Published: April 2011

Podocytes help regulate filtration barrier permeability in the kidneys. They express contractile proteins that are characteristic of smooth muscle cells as well as receptors for vasoactive factors such as angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The later one generates intracellular cGMP, with subsequent activation of cGMP‐dependent protein kinase; PKG (isoform PKGIα and PKGIβ). In this study, we asked whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a physiological vasorelaxing factor, affected podocyte permeability and the podoctye PKGIα signaling pathway. Expression of PKGIα was confirmed in cultured rat podocytes using RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Exposure of podocytes to exogenous H2O2 (100 µM) in non‐reducing conditions increased the formation of PKGIα interprotein disulfide bonds, affected the phosphorylation of PKG target proteins, namely MYPT1 (maximal increase of about 57% at 30 min) and MLC (maximal decrease of about 62% at 10 min). Furthermore, H2O2 increased the permeability of a layer of podocytes to albumin: Transmembrane flux for albumin increased five‐fold (106.6 ± 5.2 µg/ml vs. 20.2 ± 2.5 µg/ml, P < 0.05, n = 5), and the PKG inhibitor Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS (100 µM) prevented the flux increase. These data suggest that oxidative modulation of PKGIα in podocytes plays an important role in the regulation of filtration barrier permeability. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1004–1016, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Class III β‐tubulin and the cytoskeletal gateway for drug resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: De Donato Marta , Mariani Marisa , Petrella Lella , Martinelli Enrica , Zannoni Gian Franco , Vellone Valerio , Ferrandina Gabriella , Shahabi Shohreh , Scambia Giovanni , Ferlini Cristiano
Published: April 2011

The Class III β‐tubulin isotype (βIII‐tubulin) is a predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer and other solid tumor malignancies. We discovered that βIII‐tubulin function is linked to two GTPases: guanylate‐binding protein 1 (GBP1), which activates its function, and GNAI1, which inhibits it. This finding was demonstrated in a panel of ovarian cancer cells resistant to several chemotherapeutic agents. Using a protein microarray, we identified PIM1 as the downstream partner of GBP1, recruited into the cytoskeleton under hypoxic conditions. The clinical value of these observations was tested by performing an archive study of 98 ovarian cancer patients, which demonstrated that the βIII‐tubulin ‐/PIM1‐ cohort responded to treatment, exhibiting long overall survival (OS), while βIII‐tubulin +/PIM+ patients experienced poor outcomes and OS times similar to patients receiving palliation alone. βIII‐tubulin expression is commonly believed responsible for paclitaxel resistance due to its enhancement of the dynamic instability of microtubules, which counteracts the activity of taxanes. In contrast, our research reveals that βIII‐tubulin behaves as a gateway for prosurvival signals, such as PIM1, to move into the cytoskeleton. When cells are exposed to microenvironmental stressors, they activate this pathway by telling the cytoskeleton to incorporate PIM1 through GBP1 and βIII‐tubulin, which ultimately leads to drug resistance. This discovery reveals that βIII‐tubulin does not act alone but requires partners to play its role. The discovery of such protein:protein interactions underlying this prosurvival cascade makes feasible the development of therapeutic approaches using novel compounds that are capable of inhibiting the transmission of prosurvival signals into the cytoskeleton. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1034–1041, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pluripotent human stem cells for the treatment of retinal disease
Authors: Rowland Teisha J. , Buchholz David E. , Clegg Dennis O.
Published: April 2011

Despite advancements made in our understanding of ocular biology, therapeutic options for many debilitating retinal diseases remain limited. Stem cell‐based therapies are a potential avenue for treatment of retinal disease, and this mini‐review will focus on current research in this area. Cellular therapies to replace retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and/or photoreceptors to treat age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt's macular dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa are currently being developed. Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made using different types of human stem cells with varying capacities to differentiate into these target retinal cell types. We review and evaluate pluripotent stem cells, both human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as protocols for differentiation of ocular cells, and culture and transplant techniques that might be used to deliver cells to patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 457–466, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eat‐me signals: Keys to molecular phagocyte biology and “Appetite” control
Authors: Li Wei
Published: April 2011

Hundreds of billions of cells undergo apoptosis in our body everyday and are removed by immunologically silent phagocytosis to maintain tissue homeostasis. Impairments in phagocytosis result in autoimmune and/or degenerative diseases. Eat‐me signals are the key to the recognition of extracellular cargos and the initiation of the phagocytosis process by activating phagocytic receptors and signaling cascades, and are convenient targets for therapeutic modulation. Despite their importance, eat‐me signals and other phagocytosis players are mostly identified on case‐by‐case basis with daunting challenges. This Commentary focuses on our latest knowledge of the extracellular players, highlights our approaches to systematically map unknown pathways by functional genetic and proteomic technologies, and discusses future direction to unravel the mystery of molecular phagocyte biology. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1291–1297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genotyping of acute hepatitis a virus isolates from China, 2003–2008
Authors: Cao Jingyuan , Bi Shengli , Meng Qingling , Shen Liping , Zheng Huihui , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2011

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is usually transmitted by an oral–fecal route and is prevalent not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. In the present study, the phylogenetic characterization of the VP1/2A junction region (321 nucleotides) of China HAV isolates was examined. Anti‐HAV IgM‐positive serum samples were collected from 8 provinces, including 20 cities or counties in China from 2003 to 2008; 337 isolates from 406 HAV patients' serum samples were amplified by RT‐PCR, sequenced at the VP1/2A junction region and aligned with the published sequences from GenBank to establish phylogenetic analysis. All China HAV isolates in this study belonged to genotype I, with 98.8% (333/337) of samples clustering in sub‐genotype IA and 1.2% (4/337) in sub‐genotype IB. In addition, sub‐genotype IA isolates clustered into four groups (92.7–100% nucleotide identity), and the samples collected from all China HAV isolates in this investigation showed 87.5–100% nucleotide identity, but the amino acids in this region were more conserved (95.2–100% identity). Few unique amino acid changes could be deduced (VP1‐253: Glu → Gly; 2A‐34: Pro → Ala; 2A‐33: Leu → Phe). Genetically identical or similar HAV strains existed in some investigated areas in China during different years, suggesting that an indigenous strain has been circulating in those regions. This report provides new data on the genetic relatedness and molecular epidemiology of HAV isolates from China as well as the distribution of sub‐genotype IA and IB in this part of the world. J. Med. Virol. 83:1134–1141, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying osteoarthritic cartilage changes accurately using in vivo microCT arthrography in three etiologically distinct rat models
Authors: Siebelt Michiel , Waarsing Jan H. , Kops Nicole , Piscaer Tom M. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Oei Edwin H. G. , Weinans Harrie
Published: April 2011

In vivo microCT arthrography (µCTa) can be used to measure both quantity (volumetric) and quality (glycosaminoglycan content) of cartilage. This study investigated the accuracy of four segmentation techniques to isolate cartilage from µCTa datasets and then used the most accurate one to investigate if the µCTa method could show osteoarthritic changes in rat models during longitudinal follow‐up. Volumetric measurements and glycosaminoglycan contents of patellar cartilage from in vivo µCTa‐scans were compared with an ex vivo gold standard µCT‐scan. Cartilage was segmented with three global thresholds and one local threshold algorithm. Comparisons were made for healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage. Next, three rat models were investigated for 24 weeks using µCTa. Osteoarthritis was induced by injection with a chemical (mono‐iodoacetate), a surgical intervention (grooves applied in articular cartilage), and via exercise (strenuous running). After euthanasia, all knee joints were isolated for histology. Local thresholds accurately segmented cartilage from in vivo µCTa scans and best measured cartilage quantity and glycosaminoglycan content. Each of the three osteoarthritic rat models showed a specific pattern of osteoarthritis progression. All µCTa results were comparable to histology. In vivo µCTa is a sensitive technique for imaging cartilage degradation. Local thresholds enhanced the sensitivity of this method and will probably more accurately detect disease‐modulating effects from interventional strategies. The data from rat models may serve as a reference for the time sequence of cartilage degeneration during in vivo testing of new strategies in osteoarthritis treatment. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1788–1794, 2011
Vertebrectomy and expandable cage placement via a one‐stage, one‐position anterolateral retroperitoneal approach in L5 tumors
Authors: Papanastassiou Ioannis D. , Jain Surbhi , Baaj Ali A. , Eleraky Mohammed , Papagelopoulos Panayotis J. , Vrionis Frank D.
Published: April 2011

Spinal reconstruction of the L5 vertebrae after tumor resection remains a challenge. Complex resection followed by circumferential fixation in the same setting, or in staged fashion, is often employed. The added operative time associated with this method potentially increases morbidity and mortality in an inherently high‐risk procedure and anatomy in the lumbosacral area makes reconstruction more challenging. The authors describe a technique involving L5 vertebrectomy, placement of an expandable cage, and anterolateral L4‐S1 screw fixation via a one‐stage, one‐position, anterolateral retroperitoneal approach. Two illustrative cases are presented along with the authors overall experience in L5 tumor operations. We believe that this is a feasible reconstructive option after tumor resection in lower lumbar metastatic spine disease. The approach may be also utilized in combined anteroposterior (two‐stage) procedures in primary malignant tumors or oligometastatic disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:552–558. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active lymphangiogenesis is a major risk factor for anastomotic leakage following sphincter‐sparing resection of rectal cancer
Authors: Chen Weirong , Li Yanchon , Liao Ziqun , Lin Guangrong , Cai Gaoyang , Lin Kaihuang , Zhan Qinhua , Chen Caoyang
Published: April 2011

Objective

Anastomotic leakage is a major complication of rectal surgery and controversy about its risk factors still exists. The aim of present study was to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage following sphincter‐sparing resection of rectal cancer, focusing on the role of tissular lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in tumorous margin and distal clearance margin.

Methods

In a 9‐year period, from September 1999 to September 2009, 750 consecutive patients who underwent anterior resection with restoration of the bowel continuity were included. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to identify risk facrors for anastomotic leakage.

Results

The rate of anastomotic leakage was 7.6% (57 of 750 patients). In a multivariate analysis, high LVD in tumorous margin [P = 0.0017; odds ratio (OR) = 5.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.61–8.514], high LVD in distal clearance margin (P = 0.0011; OR = 6.05; 95% CI = 2.72–10.108) and lower tumor location (P = 0.006; OR = 4.620; 95% CI = 1.76–6.97) were identified as independent factors for anastomotic leakage. A significant LVD correlation was shown by Spearman′s rank test between the tumorous and distal clearance margin (r = 0.796).

Conclusions

Tissular LVD in tumorous or distal clearance margin and lower tumor location are important risk factors for anastomotic leakage. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:493–498. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical calculations on the mechanisms of the gas‐phase elimination kinetics of 2‐chloro‐1‐phenylethane, 3‐chloro‐1‐phenylpropane, 4‐chloro‐1‐phenylbutane, 5‐chloro‐1‐phenylpentane, and their corresponding chloroalkanes: The effect of the phenyl ring
Authors: Maldonado Alexis , Mora Jose R. , Subero Simon J. , Loroño Marcos , Cordova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel
Published: April 2011

The kinetics and mechanisms of the dehydrochlorination of 2‐chloro‐1‐ phenylethane, 3‐chloro‐1‐phenylpropane, 4‐chloro‐1‐phenylbutane, 5‐chloro‐1‐phenylpentane, and their corresponding chloroalkanes were examined by means of electronic structure calculation using density functional theory methods B3LYP/6–31G(d,p), B3LYP/6–31++G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6–31G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6–31++G(d,p), PBEPBE/6–31G(d,p), and PBEPBE/6–31++G(d,p). The potential energy surface was investigated for the minimum energy path. Calculated enthalpies and energies of activation are in good agreement with experimental values using the MPW1PW91 and B3LYP methods. The transition state of these reactions is a four‐centered cyclic structure. The reported experimental results proposing neighboring group participation by the phenyl group was not supported by theoretical calculations. The rate‐determining process in these reactions is the breaking of ClC bond. The reactions are described as concerted moderately polar and nonsynchronous. © 2011 Wiley Peiodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 292–302, 2011
Kinetics of proton transfer between metasubstituted benzoic acids and the carbinol base of crystal violet in toluene: Specific solvent effect–free metasubstituent effect on the reactivity of benzoic acids
Authors: Gupta Susanta K. Sen , Radha Rani V.
Published: April 2011

Apolar aprotic solvents are particularly advantageous for investigating the intrinsic metasubstituent effect free from complications of specific solvent effects. A kinetic study for toluene‐phase proton transfers between meta‐Me, F, Cl, Br, I, OMe, OPh, COPh, CF3, CN, NO2, H benzoic acids and Crystal Violet carbinol base has shown the forward rate constant (log k1) the most appropriate reactivity parameter in toluene. log k1 (toluene) as compared to other reported reactivity parameters in benzene or toluene have been found more sensitive to the metasubstituent effect. The regression results of the correlation of log k1 (toluene) of the acids according to the four dual substituent parameter models are statistically significant, and the best result has been obtained using Taft's model. The overall analysis reveals that metasubstituent's effect is exerted by a 65:35 pattern of its field and second‐order resonance effects. The results further demonstrate that a metasubstituent's resonance effect is virtually a relayed universal field/inductive effect. © 2011 Wiley Peiodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 303–311, 2011
Removal of obstructing T‐tube and stabilization of the airway
Authors: Athavale Sanjay M. , Dang Jennifer , Rangarajan Sanjeet , Garrett Gaelyn
Published: April 2011

Although they are extremely effective in maintaining tracheal and subglottic patency, T‐tubes themselves can result in airway obstruction from plugging. Many practitioners educate patients on placing a small (5.0) endotracheal tube (ETT) through the tracheal limb of the T‐tube if they develop airway obstruction. Unfortunately, this can be a difficult task to complete during acute airway obstruction. In this article, we describe a simple set of steps for rapid relief of airway obstruction and stabilization of the airway in the event of T‐tube obstruction. This method requires removal of the T‐tube with a Kelly clamp and stabilization of the airway with a tracheostomy tube. Although it is simple, we hope that this technique will prevent morbidity and mortality from acute airway obstructions related to T‐tubes.
Utilization of lipid‐laden macrophage index in evaluation of aerodigestive disorders
Authors: Reilly Brian K. , Katz Eliot S. , Misono Alexander S. , Khatwa Umakanth , Didas Amanda , Huang Lin , Haver Kenan , Rahbar Reza
Published: April 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The utility of the lipid‐laden macrophage index (LLMI) in the evaluation of airway inflammatory processes remains controversial. There is a paucity of normative data in both pediatric and adult populations, and there is wide variability in the reported cases. The goal of this project was to review the LLMI levels in a large series of patients with a wide range of well‐documented pulmonary and airway diseases (cystic fibrosis, aspiration, tracheo/bronchomalacia, recurrent pneumonia, asthma, immunosuppressed conditions, and laryngeal clefts) to develop a better understanding of the clinical utility of the LLMI.

Study Design:

This study is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent initial bronchoscopy with broncheoalveolar lavage (BAL) and had specimens sent for determination of LLMI. This study was performed at a major pediatric tertiary care medical center from April 12, 2006 to July 13, 2009.

Methods:

Medical charts were reviewed for major diagnoses, indications for bronchoscopy, the side of lung (right versus left), documented aspiration, suspected aspiration, neutrophil counts, and patient age. These qualitative and quantitative variables were considered in relation to the LLMI.

Results:

The cohort of patients examined were 4.9 ± 4.3 years (4 days to 18 years of age). Forty‐two percent were female and 58% were male. The highest median LLMI was in immunocompromised patients with a median of 78. Recurrent pneumonia, aspiration, tracheo/bronchomalacia, and cystic fibrosis had median LLMI levels of 55, 49, 40, and 50, respectively. There was a wide range of LLMI within each primary diagnosis. There was no significant correlation between neutrophils percentage in the BAL and LLMI. There were no significant differences between BAL specimens obtained from the right or left side.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the largest series of patients reported in the literature to have an LLMI compared with underlying diagnoses. Based on our data and analyses, there is wide variability between the range of LLMI and the primary diagnosis. As such, the diagnostic utility of the LLMI is limited and should be interpreted with caution.
Arytenoid rotation and nerve‐muscle pedicle transfer in paralytic dysphonia
Authors: Hassan Megahed M. , Yumoto Eiji , Ali Baraka M. , Sanuki Tetsuji , Kodama Narihiro
Published: April 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of modified nerve‐muscle pedicle (NMP) flap transfer combined with arytenoid adduction (AA) (AA + modified NMP) for treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The patterns of voice outcome assessed using phonatory function tests and auditory perceptual judgments were followed‐up for 2 years.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Thirteen subjects among those presented with paralytic dysphonia between March 2002 and December 2008 were treated with AA + modified NMP. The voice outcomes (six objective and two subjective voice parameters) were evaluated preoperatively and in four different time points postoperatively over 2‐years duration.

Results:

All voice parameters showed initial postoperative improvement. Moreover, five parameters showed significant continuous improvement over the 2‐year follow‐up (maximum phonation time, pitch range, shimmer, and grade overall and breathiness of the grade‐roughness‐breathiness‐asthenia‐strain scale (GRBAS), whereas two parameters revealed continuous improvement over the first 12 to 14 months after surgery (mean flow rate and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio).

Conclusions:

AA + modified NMP improves both short‐ and long‐term voice outcomes in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients. Therefore, AA + modified NMP is an effective surgical combination for the treatment of severe paralytic dysphonia.
XRCC1 and hOGG1 genes and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North African countries
Authors: Laantri Nadia , Jalbout Majida , Khyatti Meriem , Ayoub Wided Ben , Dahmoul Sami , Ayad Messaoud , Bedadra Wided , Abdoun Meriem , Mesli Sarah , Kandil Mostafa , Hamdi‐Cherif Mokhtar , Boualga Kada , Bouaouina Noureddine , Chouchane Lotfi , Benider Abdellatif , Ben‐Ayed Farhat , Goldgar David , Corbex Marilys
Published: April 2011

Although genetic susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been recognized for a long time, little is known about the responsible genes. X‐Ray repair cross‐complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and human 8‐oxo‐guanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes are involved in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and were found associated with NPC risk in three Asian case–control studies. The objective of the present study was to test these genes in a sample from North Africa, one of the major NPC endemic regions in the world. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XRCC1 gene and one SNP in the hOGG1 gene were genotyped in 598 NPC cases from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia and 545 controls frequency matched by recruitment center, age, sex, and urban/rural household. The genotype and allelic distributions for the hOGG1 326Ser/Cys SNP and for the XRCC1 399Arg/Trp, 280Arg/His, and 194Arg/Trp SNPs did not differ significantly among NPC cases and controls. The XRCC1 194Trp allele frequency was significantly lower in the North African population than in Asian population (f = 0.04 vs. 0.31 in Cantonese Chinese and 0.21 Han Chinese). The hOGG1 326Ser allele frequency was significantly higher in the North African population (f = 0.73) than in Asian populations (f = 0.39 in Taiwanese). The results of the present study obtained from a large sample indicate that the XRCC1 and hOGG1 genes are unlikely to play a role in the susceptibility to NPC in North Africans. Our results do not corroborate those found in Asian population on smaller samples. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The sensory–motor bridge neurorraphy: An anatomic study of feasibility between sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve and deep branch of the radial nerve
Authors: Goubier Jean‐Noel , Teboul FréDéRIC
Published: April 2011

Introduction: Restoring elbow flexion remains the first step in the management of total palsy of the brachial plexus. Non avulsed upper roots may be grafted on the musculocutaneous nerve. When this nerve is entirely grafted, some motor fibres regenerate within the sensory fibres quota. Aiming potential utilization of these lost motor fibres, we attempted suturing the sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve onto the deep branch of the radial nerve. The objective of our study was to assess the anatomic feasibility of such direct suturing of the terminal sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve onto the deep branch of the radial nerve. Methods: The study was carried out with 10 upper limbs from fresh cadavers. The sensory branch of the musculocutaneous muscle was dissected right to its division. The motor branch of the radial nerve was identified and dissected as proximally as possible into the radial nerve. Then, the distance separating the two nerves was measured so as to assess whether direct neurorraphy of the two branches was feasible. Results: The excessive distance between the two branches averaged 6 mm (1–13 mm). Thus, direct neurorraphy of the sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve and the deep branch of the radial nerve was possible. Conclusions: When the whole musculocutaneous nerve is grafted, some of its motor fibres are lost amongst the sensory fibres (cutaneous lateral antebrachial nerve). By suturing this sensory branch onto the deep branch of the radial nerve, “lost” fibres may be retrieved, resulting in restoration of digital extension. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
A small‐size pentaband hand‐shaped coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna
Authors: Mallahzadeh Alireza , Foudazi Ali , Ali Nezhad Sajad Mohammad
Published: April 2011

A novel small‐size simple structure pentaband coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna is presented. The antenna configuration is composed of several narrow strips that are connected to a 50‐ohm CPW feed line. The length of each strip, which acting as resonance path, is λg/4 at operating frequencies. The antenna is designed to operate over the worldwide interoperability for microwave access and wireless local area networks frequency bands of 2.4, 3.3, 3.7, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz. It was found that the results of simulation and measurement agree well over each separated frequency bands. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26025
New dual‐band bandpass filter with resistance load
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hua , Xue Quan , Man Kim Fung
Published: April 2011

A new dual‐band bandpass filter featuring flexible frequency choice is proposed.It consists of two resonators out of the two sides of the signal line with different sizes forming two passbands with desired frequency responses and bandwidths. For the resonator forming the lower passband, a shunt resistor is added at the center to make the even mode responses disappear. A wide stopband is obtained between the fundamental and higher odd mode response. So when a smaller resonator is put in the other side of signal line to produce the upper passband, a flexible frequency ratio of two passband can be gotten. The proposed filter is fabricated and measured. Good agreements are obtained between the simulations and measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26030
Simple method to design a tri‐band bandpass filter using asymmetric SIRs for GSM, WIMAX, and WLAN applications
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yu , Su Yi‐Hsin , Kuan Hon , Chang Shoou‐Jinn
Published: April 2011

This paper presents a simple method to design a tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF) using asymmetric stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs) with one‐step discontinuity.Only two SIRs are needed in the filter structure. The tri‐band passband responses can be achieved by properly selecting the length ratio (u) and the impedance ratio (R) of the asymmetric SIRs. The performances can be further well tuned by the lengths of two enhanced coupling structure and gap of two asymmetric SIRs. A filter example for the applications of GSM at 1.8 GHz, WiMAX at 3.5 GHz and WLAN at 5.2 GHz was designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the full‐wave simulation results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26037
Compact dual‐band‐notched CPW‐fed wide‐slot antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Lin Ding‐Bing , Tang I‐Tseng , Wei Yu‐Jiau
Published: April 2011

A simple and a compact dual‐band‐notched CPW‐fed wide‐slot antenna, which has a small size of 20 × 25 mm2 is presented for simultaneously satisfying wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. By introducing the dual‐band‐notched mechanism to the wide‐slot antenna, the required impedance bandwidth is achieved over the frequency range from 2.15 to 6.5 GHz (S11 < −10 dB) with dual‐band‐notched bands from 2.69 to 3.4 GHz and from 4.32 to 4.98 GHz, covering all the 2.4/5.2/5.8‐GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5‐GHz WiMAX bands. The dual reverse split rectangular slits are employed effectively for notching unwanted frequency bands, since it can be implemented with a small dimension and in a high Q operation similarly to the conventional strip‐type dual reverse split ring resonator (SRR). Based on the simulated and measured results, a dual‐band‐notched WLAN/WiMAX wide‐slot antenna using dual reverse split rectangular slits is very effective in rejecting unwanted frequency in terms of its selectivity. This proposed antenna with dual‐band‐notched, broadband matched impedance, stable radiation patterns, good antenna gains and compact size can be suitable for communication products of WLAN/WiMAX applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26042
Effects of the number of superposition plane waves on the field uniformity in reverberation chamber
Authors: Huang Hua , Niu Zhongqi , Bai Bing
Published: April 2011

Usually the simulation of a reverberation chamber involves the entire volume of the chamber, the antennas, and the stirrers, which cost huge computer time and memory.Superposition of plane waves are employed to make the computation time only related to device under test. Theoretically speaking, with sufficient positions of the stirrers, the greater number of plane waves in the superposition, the better field uniformity it will get, but it demands more computer memory and time with the increasing number. It is essential to know what number is appropriate in order to minimize memory requirements and ensure a fast solution. This article considers the number of plane waves required to achieve a given field uniformity. Field uniformity of reverberation chamber would be reported with standard deviation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26052
High sensitive extrinsic fabry‐perot interferometric sensor system with low cost
Authors: Wang Gao
Published: April 2011

A high‐sensitive fiber optic strain sensor system with low cost is demonstrated.The strain sensor is a microlens based high finesse Fabry‐Perot interferometer, and a low‐cost wavelength division coupler is used as a wavelength discriminator. A minor fluctuation of strain is changed to a power change at the output. Static strain and dynamic strain are successfully measured using the system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26057
Wideband performance of 3 dB microstrip‐slot coupler using different substrates
Authors: Bialkowski Marek E. , Ibrahim Siti Zuraidah , Abbosh Amin M.
Published: April 2011

This article presents the design of an elliptically shaped microstrip‐slot coupler using different thickness and permittivity substrates that is aimed for operation in 3.0–11.0 GHz band. CST Microwave Studio simulator is applied to its design and performance assessment. Design with the best performance is fabricated to validate the investigation. It is shown that the wideband operation of this type of coupler is predominantly dependent on the substrate's thickness and to a lesser degree on the substrate's permittivity. The degradation in performance is observed for an increased substrate thickness and is explained by the presence of a higher order mode. When the substrate thickness is fixed to a small value and the cutoff frequency of the higher mode is outside the investigated band, there is an optimal permittivity, which offers the best coupler's performance in terms of coupling coefficient, return loss, isolation, and phase difference between the two output ports. In the present investigation, it is found that the best operation is obtained when the substrate's relative permittivity is 4.5 and the substrate thickness of 0.508 mm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26082
Investigation of the on‐chip MISM interconnects with the alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain method
Authors: Yang Bo , Shao Xi , Goldsman Neil , Ramahi Omar M. , Guzdar Parvez N.
Published: April 2011

The alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain method is used to analyze the Metal‐Insulator‐ Semiconductor‐Metal interconnects by solving Maxwell's equations in the time domain. The dielectric quasi‐TEM mode, the slow wave mode, and the skin‐effect mode are all analyzed. This analysis shows that the silicon substrate losses and the metal line losses can be modeled with high resolution. The analysis provides attenuation and phase constant values versus semiconductor doping and frequency. We find that semiconductors readily operate in the slow wave mode and skin effect mode for selected doping densities. Accurate prediction of interconnect losses is critical to high‐frequency design with highly constrained timing requirements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26085
Matching preclusion and conditional matching preclusion for bipartite interconnection networks I: Sufficient conditions
Authors: Cheng Eddie , Hu Philip , Jia Roger , Lipták László
Published: April 2011

The matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect matchings nor almost‐perfect matchings. For many interconnection networks, the optimal sets are precisely those induced by a single vertex. Recently, the conditional matching preclusion number of a graph was introduced to look for obstruction sets beyond those induced by a single vertex. This number is defined to be the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph with no isolated vertices that has neither perfect matchings nor almost‐perfect matchings. In this article, we prove general results regarding the matching preclusion number and the conditional matching preclusion number as well as the classification of their respective optimal sets for bipartite graphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Flexible incomplete Cholesky factorization with multi‐parameters to control the number of nonzero elements in preconditioners
Authors: Zhang Yong , Huang Ting‐Zhu , Jing Yan‐Fei , Li Liang
Published: April 2011

An incomplete Cholesky (IC) factorization with multi‐parameters is presented. The marked virtue of the proposed IC factorization algorithm is to dynamically control the number of nonzero elements in each column of the IC factorization preconditioner L with the help of these involved parameters. Parameter setting strategies are also given. Numerical results show that the total computing time for both computation of the preconditioner L and iterative solution is evidently reduced for almost all test matrices. In general, these parameters can obviously enhance the effectiveness and performance of the IC factorization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and electrical analysis of carbon black networking in elastomers under strain
Authors: Stübler N. , Fritzsche J. , Klüppel M.
Published: April 2011

The influence of quasi‐static straining and relaxation at fixed strain on carbon black networking in elastomers is investigated by simultaneous stress and piezo‐resistivity measurements. The mechanical and the electrical response are analyzed in the framework of the dynamic flocculation model considering the cyclic breakdown and re‐aggregation of filler–filler bonds. In this model, the mechanical hysteresis is related to the stress contribution of stretched filler clusters, which is positive in the up‐cycle, but negative in the down‐cycle because of stretching of clusters in lateral direction. The analysis is supported by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy delivering information about the morphology of the filler network and the gap distance between adjacent filler particles, i.e., the length of filler–filler bond. This is shown to be relevant for a qualitative understanding of piezo‐resistivity and mechanical relaxation behavior of the investigated rubbers. During the relaxation phase at fixed strain, the mechanical stress decreases during the up‐cycle and increases during the down‐cycle, which in both cases results from the relaxation of cluster stress leading to a homogenization of the stress field. The decrease of the resistivity in the relaxation phase independent of cycle direction is shown to be related to a retarded re‐aggregation of filler–filler bonds in compression directions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Internal cooling in rotational molding—A review
Authors: Tan S.B. , Hornsby P.R. , McAfee M.B. , Kearns M.P. , McCourt M.P.
Published: April 2011

Rotational molding suffers from a relatively long cycle time, which hampers more widespread growth of the process. During each cycle, both the polymer and mold must be heated from room temperature to above polymer melting temperature and subsequently cooled to room temperature. The cooling time in this process is relatively long due to the poor thermal conductivity of plastics. Although rapid external cooling is possible, internal cooling rates are the major limitation. This causes the process to be uneconomical for large production runs of small parts. Various researchers have strived to minimize cycle times by applying various internal cooling procedures. This article presents a review of these methods, including computer simulations and practical investigations published to date. The effects of cooling rate on the morphology, shrinkage, warpage, and impact properties of rotationally molded polyolefins are also highlighted. In general, rapid and symmetrical cooling across the mold results in smaller spherulite size, increased mechanical properties and less potential warpage or distortion in moldings. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A novel hybrid catalyst system and its effects on the curing, thermal, and dielectric properties of cyanate ester
Authors: Dai Shankai , Zhuo Dongxian , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng , Yuan Li
Published: April 2011

High curing temperature is the key disadvantage of cyanate esters. A novel catalyst system was developed, which is a hybrid catalyst system (HC) consisting of UV activated tricarbonyl cyclopentadienyl manganese (Catalyst I) and Catalyst II derived from dibutyl tin dilaurate. The effect of HC on the reactivity of 2, 2′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl) isopropylidene (BADCy) monomer, and that on the dielectric and thermal properties of cured resin were investigated. Results show that HC displays an attractive synergy effect on catalyzing BADCy over its two components. Compared with the curing exothermic peak of BADCy, that of BADCy/HC system appears at significantly lower temperature (which is at least 120°C lower than the former). In addition, cured BADCy/HC resin also exhibits interesting synergy effect in integrated performance, that is, it has much better thermal resistance and dielectric properties than cured BADCy, BADCy/Catalyst I, and BADCy/Catalyst II resins. The BADCy/HC resin can be used as high performance matrices for advanced composites and adhesives. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Study on modified graphene/butyl rubber nanocomposites. I. Preparation and characterization
Authors: Lian Huiqin , Li Shuxin , Liu Kelong , Xu Liangrui , Wang Kuisheng , Guo Wenli
Published: April 2011

Butyl rubber, IIR nanocomposites based on modified graphene sheets, were fabricated by solution processing followed by compression molding. MG was prepared from natural graphite, NG through graphite oxide route. X‐ray diffraction showed that the exfoliated MG was homogeneously dispersed in the IIR matrix with doping levels of 1‐10 wt% as evidenced by the lack of the characteristic graphite reflection in the composites. In contrast, the graphite retained its stacking order and showed the sharp characteristic peak in the NG‐IIR composites. Scanning electron microscope images of the fracture surfaces of the IIR matrix showed that MG nanofillers exhibited better compatibility than NG did. The mechanical properties of the MG‐IIR nanocomposites were significantly improved due to the efficient distribution of the large surface area MG sheet. The tensile modulus of nanocomposite with doping level of MG 10 wt% was 16 times that of the pure IIR. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Classification, morality and the DSM
Authors: Matravers Matt
Published: April 2011

This paper considers the proposed revisions to the DSM revision 5. The article discusses the process of classification in general and its application to the DSM. The argument in part is that classification schemes are judged by their usefulness in advancing social practices. The DSM serves a number of different such practices—most obviously research and treatment—and these may make different demands on any scheme. The paper goes on to consider the ethical issues involved in classifying mental disorders and in changing existing classifications. A preliminary scheme of ethical issues in relation to false negatives, false positives and social issues is offered. Finally, the paper considers the wider implications of the proposed changes to the classification of personality disorders and whether these changes may have a ripple effect on our understanding of ourselves and others. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Will the new mental health strategy help to mainstream mental health?
Authors: Walton Ian , Hill Lisa
Published: April 2011

Most of us will welcome the new mental health strategy for England No Health Without Mental Health,1 which aims to transform the mental health and well‐being of the nation with an ambition to mainstream mental health and achieve ‘parity of esteem’ with physical health. The aim is for mental health to be ‘everyone's business’ – including Local Government, employers, education and the third sector. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Choice of treatment for ADHD: are we doing enough?
Authors: Bates Gordon , Harpin Valerie , Sankar Sachin
Published: April 2011

While patient choice is key when deciding on medication for patients with attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD), doctors can sometimes unwittingly impose their views if the patient is unsure or unclear. Here, three specialists in the field discuss whether enough time is spent with patients examining and explaining the options, and if drugs are properly tailored to the needs of the patient. This discussion covers areas including approach to diagnosis and what factors should be considered when deciding on a particular drug treatment. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd