bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Consistency in Writing and Editing
Authors: Farkas David K.
Published: May 2005

Consistency is the orderly treatment of a set of linked elements, and it is a necessary characteristic of polished, highly readable prose. Consistency is either “uniform” or “harmonious,” depending on whether a set of linked elements is indivisible or divisible into subsets. From the perspective of text characteristics, we can speak of semantic, syntactic, stylistic, spatial, and mechanical consistency. To deal successfully with consistency problems, technical communicators should establish patterns that are logical, evident, functional, resource efficient, and stable. Because of its importance, the concept of consistency should be more fully recognized. Indeed, consistency should be a component of any comprehensive rhetoric of technical communication.
Technical Communications at Kalamazoo Valley
Authors: McWilliams Mickey L. , Rush Peter D.
Published: May 2005

This paper discusses an interdisciplinary program at Kalamazoo Valley Community College in which the student is trained in several communications media: data processing, engineering graphics, technical reporting (oral and written), as well as various options. Additional work in computer graphics and technical illustration is included.
A Simplistic Approach to Health Policy Analysis: The World Bank Team on the Indian Health Sector
Authors: Banerji Debabar
Published: May 2005

A World Bank report on the health sector in India has set out to offer an alternative policy framework to cushion the impact of structural adjustment programs on health services. By choosing health financing as a tool for policy analysis, it has arrived at highly questionable conclusions.
Teaching Normal and Abnormal Behavior to Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Halbreich Uriel
Published: May 2005

Objective:

This article delineates the framework for a curriculum on psychiatry, normal and abnormal human behavior for primary care physicians (PCPs).

Methods:

Curricula have been surveyed. Members of the Education Committee of the Association of Medicine and Psychiatry, as well as Family Physicians and General Internists involved in education have been consulted. Their recommendations are integrated.

Results and Conclusions:

The curriculum should be developed according to the needs of PCPs and from their perspective. Patient and problem-oriented, its content can be divided into: a) personal skills that should be developed; and b) knowledge of symptoms, their differential diagnosis (DDX) and management within the PCP's, facilities and abilities.
Multifocal Neurological Impairment Caused by Infection-Induced Rise in Blood Lithium and Amitriptyline
Authors: Pheterson Alex D. , Miller Laurence , Fox Corinne F. , Estroff Todd W. , Sweeney Donald R.
Published: May 2005

We present the case of a thirty-eight-year-old woman who developed a febrile illness which was associated with a rise of blood lithium and amitriptyline, and subsequently suffered permanent neurological impariment, implicating CNS dysfunction at several levels. Medical, laboratory, radiological and neuropsychological findings are described, and the attribution of the syndrome is discussed. It is crucial to emphasize that the authors are not challenging the frequently useful combination of lithium and antidepressants. Rather, we urge psychiatrists to be vigilant when such patients develop febrile illnesses.
Cultural Influences on Technical Manuals
Authors: Warren Thomas L.
Published: May 2005

Budget and time constraints often force technical communicators to produce manuals that are less than affective. One reason is the time they take to analyze their document's users. Normally, user analysis involves demographic, or organizational, or psychological approaches or combinations. Rarely will they evaluate the culture of the user and determine what that means for developing the document. Typically, localization will edit the document for cultural elements, but that is an expensive and time-consuming process. This article discusses the cultural elements in developing a document and shows, through a comparison of two mythical cultures, how the document will differ when organized for those two cultures.
Determinants of Self-Perceived Changes in Health Status Among Pre- and Early-Retirement Populations
Authors: Choi Namkee G.
Published: May 2005

Using data from the 1992 and 1994 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study described reasons reported by pre- and early-retirement populations for perceived changes in global health status over a 2-year period. It then analyzed the association between self-perceptions of change and the actual changes in objective health conditions, controlling for demographics, emotional health status, and the changes in work status and health-affecting habits. The results were compared to the determinants of self-ratings of health at wave 2. Existing or increasing impairments in functional abilities were found to contribute to self-perceptions of decline. However, a diagnosis of new chronic disease and the experience of a major medical event per se did not universally contribute to self-perception of decline. The relationship between cross-sectional self-ratings of health and objective health conditions was more straightforward. Self-perception of improvement among people with serious health problems most likely owed to medical interventions and improvement in symptoms, the most frequently mentioned reasons for perceived improvement, and reflected the subjects' selective optimization and resiliency.
Manifesto for Sustainable Investment: Investing for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Dunn Mary Lee
Published: May 2005

Environmental, labor, and non-governmental organizations in Europe are waging a campaign for sustainable investment to hold members of the European Union to their pledges to work for sustainable development and sustainable societies. The comment explains how to achieve sustainability by taking action at many levels of society.
The Transfer of Care: U.S. Mental Health Policy since World War II
Authors: Brown Phil
Published: May 2005

Recent criticism of mental health policy has raised many questions about the so-called “mental health revolution.” Following World War II, the federal government and the growing mental health lobby planned the first nationally oriented system of psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention. The rapidly expanding National Institute of Mental Health coordinated that policy, particularly through its Community Mental Health Centers program.

Custodial state hospitals were depopulated and their patients “dumped” in nursing and boarding homes, which now constitute the largest arena for and most expensive form of psychiatric care. While there has been some progress in decreasing the hospital population and in improving conditions, as well as in providing services to certain people who otherwise would never receive them, failures have been more dominant. Admission and readmission rates have climbed precipitously. Unplanned hospital discharge has led to hundreds of thousands of ex-patients living in dangerous, nontherapeutic nursing homes where the main concern is profit. They, and many others, are maintained on psychiatric drugs, another source of profit as well as a dangerous technology. Community mental health programs have maintained psychiatry's traditional class, race, and sex biases, and have incurred widespread intrusion into communities.

This article shows that such problems are part of an interconnected system in which the driving forces are fiscal crisis, ideological justifications for dumping patients, attempts to pass responsibility from state governments to federal and local bodies, restrictions on government and insurance reimbursements, the free enterprise economics of the nursing home and drug industries, and the professionalist practices of the mental health field.
Distinguishing Change during the Animas Phase (A.D. 1150–1450) at the Boss Ranch Site, Southeastern Arizona
Authors: Douglas John E.
Published: May 2005

Archaeologists have had difficulty resolving the issues surrounding chronology and external relations during the late prehistoric occupation (A.D. 1150–1450) of the far southwestern corner of New Mexico and the far southeastern corner of Arizona (generally labeled the Animas phase). This article addresses these concerns using data from excavations at the Boss Ranch site (AZ FF: 7:10 [ASM]), an Animas habitation site located in the upper San Bernardino Valley. A suite of data is reviewed, including stratigraphy, architecture, radiocarbon dates, ceramic types, and chipped stone and faunal assemblage characteristics. Based on these analyses, the occupational history of the site likely spans more than a century, with three separate occupations. Mobility patterns appear to change through time, with the earliest occupation suggesting part-time residence. Finally, the regional implications of a more dynamic view of the Animas phase are presented.
Improving Organizational Communication through Trust
Authors: Phelps Lonnie D. , DuFrene Debbie D.
Published: May 2005

Successful communication between persons within an organization is based on a foundation of mutual trust. Trust is explored through psychological/sociological avenues and finally through its implications for organizations. An atmosphere of trust can eliminate or minimize commonly prevailing communication barriers. Such barriers are classified as context-related (related to the communication environment or setting) and content-related (related to the message itself or the participants). Trust is a critical factor in overcoming communication barriers of both types. Organizational trust can be developed and improved by applying identified strategies. Individual relationships as well as organizational performance benefit from the establishment and maintenance of a trust atmosphere.
A Tutorial System (ATS) for Personal Computers
Authors: Bell Gregory M. , Hagamen W. D.
Published: May 2005

ATS (A Tutorial System) was written originally in APL/360 for use on large timesharing systems. This paper describes a version of ATS written in BASIC for the TRS/80 Color Computer. Although both the representation of tutorial data, and the programming methods by which the results are achieved, are very different, the two versions of ATS appear almost identical to the users (authors and students). ATS contains an author interrogation program that interviews the author in English and formats his tutorial for him, and a tutorial supervisor program that interfaces with the students. The supervisor program contains many features of machine intelligence (a knowledge of the rules of human discourse) which operate in every tutorial without intervention by the author, and provide the discourse with an aura of intelligent behavior. Certain aspects of both these programs are illustrated by terminal examples, and the general methods of implementation in BASIC are discussed.
The Effects of Block Duration and Task Demands on the Experience of Task Unrelated Thought
Authors: Smallwood Jonathan , Obonsawin Marc , Reid Helga
Published: May 2005

Evidence indicates that the degree to which attention can be maintained upon the task in hand depends upon both the type and duration of the task. Two experiments investigated the relationship between task irrelevant thinking and block duration in two types of task. In Experiment One, a vigilance task was compared to a fluency task and in Experiment Two a verbal encoding task was compared to a fluency task. In both tasks we investigated the hypothesis that block duration mediated changes in thinking would be smallest for tasks which rely heavily on controlled processing (the fluency task). Results were consistent with expectations and indicated that the report of thoughts with no relationship to the task in hand increased with block duration in the vigilance task (Experiment One) and the verbal encoding task (Experiment Two). In neither experiment did block length effect thinking during the fluency task. These results are broadly consistent with the assertion that tasks that cannot be readily automated, maintain attention upon the task at hand in a superior fashion as the duration of the block increases. The implications of these results for our understanding of the process responsible for our conscious awareness of a stimulus and our ability to plan and anticipate events are discussed.
Resolving Existential Sentiments with Music: Evidence for a “Mental Chemistry” of Emotions
Authors: Kunzendorf Robert G. , DeJesus Natalie , Chicos Naomi , Avalos Heidi
Published: May 2005

In three of the between-subjects conditions in this research, 76 subjects perceived one of three musical stimuli and rated their emotional reactions to the stimulus. In three more between-subjects conditions, 84 subjects initially perceived existential film footage and rated their emotional reactions to the footage, then subsequently perceived one of the three musical stimuli and rated their emotional reactions to the stimulus. The results indicate that film-induced “fear” transforms “interesting” instrumental music into “mysterious” music. In addition, they indicate that film-induced “distress” transforms “energetic” and “confident” vocal music into “inspiring” music. These results provide support for an hypothesized “mental chemistry” of emotions, wherein certain negative and positive emotions combine to form compound emotions.
Psychologic Distress as a Longterm Predictor of Medical Utilisation
Authors: Van Hemert Albert M. , Bakker Carla H. , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Valkenburg Hans A.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

To study baseline psychologic distress as a predictor of self-reported medical utilisation after nine years of follow-up.

Methods:

In 1975–1978 we measured psychologic distress with a neuroticism scale in a general population sample of 826 women aged forty-five to sixty-four years. In the same study, and in a follow-up study nine years later, medical utilisation was quantified as the main outcome in terms of current treatment by a physician and current use of medication.

Results:

The age and educational class adjusted odds ratio of baseline physician contact and use of medication for the upper versus the lower quintile of the neuroticism score were 3.3 (95% confidence interval (c.i.): 2.0–5.2) and 3.6 (95% c.i.: 2.2–5.7), respectively. When the baseline neuroticism scores were related to utilisation at follow-up the adjusted odds ratios were 2.1 (95% c.i.: 1.2–3.1) and 2.8 (95% c.i.: 1.8–4.5). However, in the subgroup of 352 women who did not report initial medical utilisation the odds ratios were 1.1 (95% c.i.: 0.5–2.4) and 1.4 (95% c.i.: 0.6–3.1).

Conclusion:

Although an association between psychologic distress and medical utilisation was confirmed, psychologic distress did not predict utilisation in middle-aged women characterised at baseline as non-utilisers.
Health Care System Reforms in Western European Countries: The Relevance of Health Care Organization
Authors: Elola Javier
Published: May 2005

The problems within the health care systems of western European countries, and their current attempts at reform, can be analyzed by comparing those countries having national health service (NHS) systems with those having social security systems. There are important differences in the structures, processes, and outcomes of these two types of health care systems, and thus in the problems they face. Greater cost control, equity, and, possibly, efficiency in improving the population's health are the advantages of NHS systems; however, public satisfaction is lower than in social security systems. Attempts to overcome this trade-off between the outcomes of the two types of health care systems are the main goal of the reforms. To achieve this goal, there has been a trend toward convergence of NHS and social security systems. For the NHS systems of Latin-rim countries, however, which have received less political commitment and public support than those elsewhere, this means a return to the former social security systems—a trend that may reintroduce the problems associated with these types of systems but without any evidence that public satisfaction will increase.
The Impact of Hospice on Attitudes toward Funerals and Subsequent Bereavement Adjustment
Authors: Ragow-O'Brien Dina , Hayslip Bert , Guarnaccia Charles A.
Published: May 2005

One hundred and twenty-three bereaved individuals ( M age=36) whose loved ones had died of a terminal illness within the last year completed a series of self-report measures to ascertain the impact of hospice care use on funeral participation and bereavement adjustment. As a general rule, hospice users ( n=57) reported better post-death adjustment and participated more fully in the funeral than did non-hospice users ( n=66). Such effects for the most part were intensified when a loved one was perceived as either having suffered or having been in pain prior to death. Extent of hospice use did not affect bereavement adjustment or funeral participation. These data speak to the psychological benefits of hospice use on the post-death adjustment of bereaved individuals, particularly in cases where the death is a painful one.
A Case Study of Learner Interaction in Technology-Enhanced Language Learning Environments
Authors: Bradley Travis , Lomicka Lara
Published: May 2005

One research perspective that has been overlooked in studies on technology in foreign language education is that offered by qualitative research. This study, focusing on learner interaction, aims to begin to fill that gap. The researchers spent four months observing and interviewing students in two third-semester language classrooms: one French and one Spanish. Data collection involved a variety of sources, such as participant interviews and in-class observations, as well as pertinent documents and materials both in and out of class. Several themes emerge from the data which characterize the phenomenon of learner interaction in technology-enhanced language learning environments. Through thick description of these environments and discussion of the emerging themes, we hope to provide a more contextualized picture of the implementation of technology in foreign language classes at a large research-oriented institution.
Life Events and Reminiscence: A Comparison of the Memories of Young and Old Adults
Authors: Romaniuk Michael , Romaniuk Jean Gasen
Published: May 2005

The nature of age differences among young (university students) and old persons (retirement village residents) in the content of reminiscences, especially themes involving transitional life events, was the focus of this investigation. Overall the findings indicate more similarities than differences between age groups. Events of a non-transitional nature are the most common theme with only about one-third of the subjects recalling a transitional life event. Memories tend to be pleasant and vividly experienced, frequently involve memories recently on the subject's mind and do not cluster in any particular time period. In addition, the content of memories is not related to subject variables. A mood/context-memory matching hypothesis is proposed to account for the recall of particular types of memories.
Instructional Technology in Naval Training
Authors: Land Worth Scan
Published: May 2005

The Navy, as have the other military services, has pressed forward with the implementation of the best and proven tenets of instructional technology, both in the development of instructional curricula and in the delivery of that instruction to students. The results have been impressive from both the standpoint of better training and from that of improved efficiency. This discussion explains in some detail the applications of the technology to Navy training.
Borderlands between Neurology and Psychiatry: Observations in a Neurological Hospital
Authors: Lipowski Z. J. , Kiriakos R. Z.
Published: May 2005

This article describes psychiatric liaison, in its clinical and teaching aspects, at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Referral patterns are illustrated by data on 200 neurological and neurosurgical patients referred for psychiatric consultation. Our total patient material of nearly 1000 such patients seen in consultation and a joint weekly teaching session provide the basis for comprehensive discussion of the borderlands between neurology and psychiatry. It is concluded that close collaboration between these two disciplines is advantageous to both, in terms of improved clinical training of residents, identification of promising areas for interdisciplinary research, and better overall patient care. These gains justify the development of such liaison in other centers.
Improving Computer Skills in Colleges of Education
Authors: Garland Virginia E.
Published: May 2005

Networked computers with multimedia capabilities are increasingly being used for teaching, research, and service activities in institutions of higher education. In order to meet user demands and to avoid costly mistakes, colleges and universities need to develop assessment strategies which can reliably determine their computer needs. As the “trainer of trainers,” a college of education should take a vital leadership role in the integration of technology and instruction for pre-service teachers and administrators. A survey instrument, recently implemented in the Education Department at the University of New Hampshire, was found to be effective in evaluating the levels of computer use of its faculty members and undergraduate and graduate students. The questionnaire is designed to measure sixteen computer skills and can be adapted for other academic departments. Results of this needs assessment led to various technology-based initiatives for educators at the university and in partnership with the public schools.
Case Histories of Traumatic Grief
Authors: Prigerson Holly G. , Wolfson Lee , Shear M. Katherine , Hall Martica , Bierhals Andrew J. , Zonarich Dianna L. , Pilkonis Paul A. , Reynolds Charles F.
Published: May 2005

The symptoms of traumatic grief have been shown to be distinct from those of bereavement-related depression and anxiety among elderly widows and widowers, and bare striking resemblance to symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In light of the findings demonstrating that traumatic grief is associated with a heightened risk of critical mental and physical health outcomes, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that may put bereaved individuals at risk of developing traumatic grief. Attachment theory offers an explanation for why loss of a stabilizing relationship might be traumatic for individuals who possess insecure or unstable attachments (e.g., excessive dependency, defensive separation, compulsive caregiving) and self-regulatory deficits (e.g., identity disturbances, difficulty with affect modulation). A model illustrating hypothesized causal linkages between childhood experiences, attachment and personality traits, dissolution of a stabilizing relationship, and traumatic symptomatology is proposed. Case histories of late-life pre- and post-loss traumatic grievers are presented and discussed in terms of their compatibility with the proposed model.
Microcomputers in Graduate School Administration: The Design and Implementation of a Computerized Relational Data Base System for Monitoring Graduate Education
Authors: Malaney Gary D. , Girves Jean E.
Published: May 2005

This article discusses the design and practical applications of a relational data base system to monitor activities related to graduate education. The system was designed for a multi-user microcomputer in a graduate school of a large research university, and there is a discussion of the various technical and administrative/political problems which were encountered during the design process. The following practical applications are also discussed: preparing informational reports and projections, monitoring student status, assisting graduation services, preparing departmental profiles, and researching matters related to student recruitment and retention.
Engineering Alumni Speak Out about Speech
Authors: Estrin Herman A.
Published: May 2005

“The engineer who cannot express himself on any subject of which he has knowledge, clearly and extemporaneously, is seriously handicapped. Even junior engineers are frequently asked to make oral reports at high-level meetings. The impression that the engineer makes on the people at the meeting may determine his future.”

“Leaders in industry have one quality in common—they speak well. If you aspire to lead, concentrate on improving your speech in college. Time for this asset is a most valuable commodity afterwards.”

(The quotations above were made by alumni who were surveyed concerning the importance of speech, especially for the engineer.)
The Health and Safety Concerns of Immigrant Women Workers in the Toronto Sportswear Industry
Authors: Gannagé Charlene M.
Published: May 2005

Immigrant women's conditions of work have worsened with new government and managerial strategies to restructure the Canadian apparel industry. Changes in occupational health and safety legislation have both given and taken away tools that immigrant women workers could use to improve the quality of their working lives. The author outlines a methodology for eliciting the health and safety concerns of immigrant women workers.
The Holocaust as a Context for Telling Life Stories
Authors: De Vries Brian , Suedfeld Peter , Krell Robert , Blando John A. , Southard Patricia
Published: May 2005

Using a narrative approach, this study explores the role of the Holocaust in the life stories of Survivors, contrasted with two comparison groups (one Jewish and one non-Jewish) whose direct experiences did not include surviving the Holocaust. Using the technique of the life line and measures such as number and type of life events identified, as well as the events marking the beginning and ending of the life story, several differences were found between the three groups. Survivors identified an average of 10 life events, fewer than the non-Jewish comparison group (18) but more than the Jewish comparison group (7). Most of these events were positive, although less so for the Jewish comparison group, with very few future events identified by any of the groups.
Effects of Compressed Speech on Comprehension of Community College Students
Authors: Williams David L. , Moore David M. , Sewell Edward H.
Published: May 2005

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of various rates of compressed speech–0 percent (175 words per minute), 33 percent (275 words per minute), and 57 percent (400 words per minute)–instruction upon the listening comprehension of two types of community college students, developmental and non-developmental. These two classifications of students were randomized into one of three groups. The three experimental groups heard the treatment material presented at a designated compression rate, and took a treatment posttest. All experimental subjects took a delayed posttest two weeks following treatment. The results of the data analysis revealed significant differences in type of treatment, type of student, and time of testing.
Teaching the History of Technical Communication: A Lesson with Franklin and Hoover
Authors: Todd Jeff
Published: May 2005

The first part of this article shows that research in the history of technical communication has increased in quantity and sophistication over the last 20 years. Scholarship that describes how to teach with that information, however, has not followed, even though teaching the history of the field is a need recognized by several scholars. The article provides and defends four guidelines as a foundation to study ways to incorporate history into classroom lessons: 1) maintain a continued research interest in teaching history; 2) limit to technical rather than scientific discourse; 3) focus on English-language texts; and 4) focus on American texts, authors, and practices. The second part of the essay works within the guidelines to show a lesson that contrasts technical texts by Benjamin Franklin and Herbert Hoover. The lesson can help students see the difference in technical writing before and after the Industrial Revolution, a difference that mirrors their own transition from the university to the workforce.
Individual and Group Problem Solving and Type of Orientation as a Function of High, Moderate and Low Death Anxiety
Authors: Handal Paul J.
Published: May 2005

This study utilized a defense mechanism model of death anxiety to investigate the hypothesis of differential individual and group problem solving ability as well as differing types of orientation as a function of High, Moderate and Low Death Anxiety. Results of Experiment I demonstrated significant effects of levels of Death Anxiety on both individual and group problem solving ability. Results of Experiment II partially replicated the results of Experiment I, but failed to demonstrate predicted significant differences between self, task, and interaction orientations within or between low and moderate death anxiety groups. However, significant differences were reported between moderate and high anxiety groups as well as between low and high death anxiety groups. Discussion focused on the partial replication of Experiment I's findings, and upon the usefulness of specific predictions which arise from utilizing the defense mechanism model for death anxiety and its implications for future research.
A Rise in the Incidence of Childhood Cancer in the United States
Authors: Mangano Joseph J.
Published: May 2005

From the early 1980s to the early 1990s, the incidence of cancer in American children under 10 years of age rose 37 percent, or 3 percent annually. There is an inverse correlation between increases in cancer rates and age at diagnosis; the largest rise (54 percent) occurred in children diagnosed before their first birthday. Rates rose for all 11 states and cities included in the analysis. A jump in cancer rates for children born in 1982–83 was followed by a drop; but another abrupt rise for the 1986–87 birth cohort has been sustained thereafter. Results indicate that the rising childhood cancer rate represents a far more serious problem in the United States than previous reports have suggested. The methodology used here adds three additional states and cities, analyzes children under 10 rather than under 15, begins the analysis in 1980 rather than in 1973, and extends the study to 1993, which may partially account for the new findings. There are no apparent explanations for these trends, suggesting that researchers should analyze the data more fully and propose hypotheses on potential causes. One possible factor, fetal and infant exposure to low-dose radioactivity, is explored here.
Psychiatric Aspects of Congestive Heart Failure: Implications for Consulting Psychiatrists
Authors: Vrobel Thomas R.
Published: May 2005

Abnormalities of mental function are common problems in patients with congestive heart failure, a problem that is often referred to the consulting psychiatrist. These abnormalities become more frequent and more serious as failure of the heart progresses and they can exhibit a wide variety of manifestations. Cardiac output and cerebral blood flow are preserved due to compensatory mechanisms in mild heart failure but can be severely compromised in advanced failure. Drugs used to treat heart failure, especially digitalis, can produce a wide variety of mental aberrations including delirium, usually when these drugs are used in excess. Diuretics can produce electrolyte abnormalities resulting in mental derangements and vasodilator therapy can produce hypotension. Psychotropic drugs are well recognized as having significant cardiovascular effects that need to be considered when these agents are applied to the cardiac patient. Antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs have anticholinergic, anti-adrenergic and quinidine-like effects that can produce further cardiac decompensation in heart failure. Antidepressants are generally well tolerated except when toxic levels occur or in the most extremely compromised cardiac patients. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors should be used only in highly reliable patients to avoid the acute hypertensive crises that are well known to occur with these agents. Antipsychotic drugs with limited cardiovascular side effects can be used effectively and safely but care must be taken to avoid toxic levels which could produce excess hypotension or lethal arrhythmias. Lithium can also be used in heart failure if patients are effectively monitored to avoid toxic levels which could occur due to reduction in renal function, use of diuretics or imposition of a low sodium chloride diet. Evaluation and management of patients with mental symptoms and heart failure provides a strong challenge for the consulting psychiatrist.
Death Anxiety, Death Depression, Death Distress, and Death Discomfort Differential: Adolescent-Parental Correlations in Filipino and American Populations
Authors: Reimer Wilbert , Templer Donald I.
Published: May 2005

In both an American and Filipino population considerable family resemblance in death anxiety, death depression, and death distress was found. In both populations the death attitude measures of adolescents correlated with those of their parents, but the correlations were higher between the mothers and fathers. Most of the correlations were higher for the Filipino than for the American participants, and it was suggested that this is a function of closer family life in the Philippines. Although family resemblance on the Death Anxiety Scale was first reported by Templer, Ruff, and Franks [1] and confirmed by subsequent authors, the present study was the first study that addressed family resemblance on the more recently constructed Death Depression Scale or death distress (the sum of the z scores of Death Anxiety Scale and Death Depression Scale). In the American population, Catholics had significantly higher death anxiety and death depression and death distress scores than Protestants, and Hispanics had significantly higher death anxiety, death depression, and death distress scores than Euro-Americans. Clinical and research implications were discussed.
Murder of the Elderly: An Analysis of Increased Vulnerability
Authors: Kunkle Sheryl , Humphrey John A.
Published: May 2005

The vulnerability of older persons to murder is investigated. Data on all homicide victims sixty years of age or older in North Carolina during two time frames, 1972–1973 and 1976–1977, form the basis for the analysis.

Available evidence for the U.S. indicates that the elderly are considerably less prone to criminal victimization than are younger persons. This is particularly the case for aggravated assault. Dussich and Eichman have posited that the relative low visibility of the elderly, due to social isolation and lack of mobility, make them less vulnerable to crimes against the person [1].

However this study finds that: 1) in the U.S. murder among the aged is rising faster than any other age group, 2) in North Carolina the sole rise in homicide is among the elderly, and 3) sharpest increases are noted among older black women, white women and white men. An exception to this trend are black men, previously the highest risk group of older adults, who showed a decline in homicide victimization.
Organization and Unionization of Health Workers in the United States: The Trade Union Perspective
Authors: Davis Leon J. , Foner Moe
Published: May 2005

Recent legislation in Washington opened the door to organization and unionization of health workers in voluntary hospitals and highlighted the poor pay and unorganized status of this enormous work force of at least 1.5 million persons, many of whom are women, black, or Spanish-speaking. The authors, who are senior officials of District 1199 of the National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees, chart the factors associated with the low priority given over the years to organizing hospital workers, and the first breakthroughs, in New York City hospitals, in 1958. From a start with lowest income hospital workers, the subsequent inclusion of technical and professional workers and linkages with the civil rights movement, the authors trace the move toward national organizing that began with the highly publicized hospital workers' strike in Charleston, South Carolina in 1969. The benefits of unionization and the broader social goals of the union are discussed.
A Pedagogical Mode of Instruction for Interactive Videodisc
Authors: Schroeder James E.
Published: May 2005

The U.S. Army Videodisc Interpersonal Skills Training and Assessment project (VISTA), was initiated to determine if the instruction of leadership/counseling skills could be enhanced with current computer-assisted instruction/videodisc training technology. The present article describes the Pedagogical mode of instruction, which is one of two instructional modes designed for VISTA. The Pedagogical mode was designed to incorporate established principles of programmed instruction as well as exploit the capabilities of the new computer-assisted instruction/videodisc technology. The result was a standardized role playing simulation in which immediate feedback is given after each critical decision point. This feedback is in the form of realistic consequences presented in a video segment and also in specific textual feedback. Five instructional features are highlighted which are believed to be unique to interpersonal skills training.
Daydreaming Mediates between Goal Commitment and Goal Attainment in Individuals High in Achievement Motivation
Authors: Langens Thomas A.
Published: May 2005

Empirical research has shown that conceptions of desirable future states seem to have a stronger motivational impact on individuals high (relative to low) in achievement motivation. Therefore, it was assumed that daydreaming mediates between goal commitment and goal attainment in individuals high (but not in those low) in achievement motivation. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of German first-year university students who rated two goals—a study and a friendship goal—for goal commitment and kept a daydream diary for two weeks. Among individuals high in achievement motivation, goal commitment was related to the number of daydreams revolving around advancing toward the two goals (positive daydreaming) and positive daydreaming was related to goal attainment assessed six weeks after the onset of the study. For individuals low in achievement motivation, goal commitment was related to goal attainment, but positive daydreaming was unrelated to both goal commitment and goal attainment. Additional mediational and path analyses supported the conclusion that positive daydreaming mediated between goal commitment and goal attainment for individuals high, but not for those low in achievement motivation. The results are interpreted with respect to recent findings on the motivational consequences of positive goal imagery.
Rational Decisions and Occupational Health: A Critical View
Authors: Chasse John Dennis , LeSourd David A.
Published: May 2005

This article critically examines a growing trend in the economics of industrial health—the tendency to predict worker behavior on the basis of rational decision models and to draw policy conclusions from these predictions. The method is found weak, both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, it finesses a serious problem of equity and makes unrealistic assumptions about worker behavior and the nature of accident causation. Empirically, its predictions contradict the results of 40 years of accident research, and the evidence advanced to support it is far from convincing. In addition, it produces dangerous hypotheses in the sense in which that term is defined by the opponents of the “accident prone” theory.
The Next Great Crisis in American Education: Computer Literacy
Authors: Molnar Andrew R.
Published: May 2005

The information explosion in science and the shift in our economy from the production of industrial goods to a greater emphasis on science and knowledge-based industries has created a discontinuity in the nature of jobs and our educational needs. Ironically, wide-spread dissatisfaction with our schools has lead to a nationwide, back-to-basics movement. Computers which have become indispensible to the operation of science, business, and government are not a major part of American education. While many schools have introduced computers into their curriculum, these local efforts only partially satisfy the country's needs at costs which are prohibitive and unnecessary when viewed nationally. In an information society, a computer literate populace is as important as energy is to an industrial society. Other nations have begun the task of restructuring their systems to include computers and unless we begin soon, the next crisis in American education will be the computer literacy crisis.
Personality in Scientific and Technical Writing
Authors: Whitburn Merrill D.
Published: May 2005

Textbooks describing scientific or technical writing as “impartial” or “objective” are too restrictive. As advances in the history of science have familiarized us with the importance of the human element in science, so the human element must also be given its due in writing in the area. Our students will often be engaged in communication that involves adaptation for an audience relatively unfamiliar with the subject being presented, and they must be aware that the personal touch can arouse interest and sharpen awareness and understanding. History can serve as a source of writing models that successfully use the personal touch.
The Plus Site: An Iroquoian Remote Camp in Upland Tompkins County, NY
Authors: Abel Timothy J.
Published: May 2005

Between 1997 and 1998, the Public Archaeology Facility, at Binghamton University, was contracted by the New York State Education Department on behalf of the Department of Transportation to conduct investigations of the Plus site (SUBi-1736; NYSM #10494), located in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York. The site occupies an inland setting in the Virgil/Fall Creek watershed, lying on a glacial gravel hill adjacent to Willow Glen Cemetery along NY Route 13. Site examination and data recovery excavations in threatened areas of the site revealed a cluster of Late Woodland cultural features including hearths, a storage/refuse pit, and postmolds. The artifactual materials from these cultural features suggest the Plus site functioned as an Iroquois remote camp occupied during the late 14th century. The Plus site represents the first Iroquois remote campsite in central New York to receive intensive subsurface investigation.
Computer Simulation in Eye-Hand-Coordination Training: A Welding Lab on Disk
Authors: Song Xueshu
Published: May 2005

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW) processes have been essential to the metal fabrication curriculum in industrial technology education. Current welding training software has all concentrated on knowledge development using computer displayed text information and computerized quiz systems. The purpose of this article was to develop a computer simulation software to be used in SMAW and OAW skill development in a safer, easier, more stimulating and less expensive manner as compared with merely practicing with actual welding facilities. Major welding parameters and eye-hand coordination control parameters were simulated using “interactive dynamic,” machine-driven animation techniques and sound effect. The simulation module was incorporated with a tutor module and a quiz module by a hierarchical menu system. Perspectives of and correlations between the development of similar simulation software and the development of a key course in today's “computer Integrated Curriculum” in industrial technology are briefly discussed.
Clinical Trials of Primary Care Treatments for Major Depression: Issues in Design, Recruitment and Treatment
Authors: Schulberg Herbert C. , Coulehan John L. , Block Marian R. , Lave Judith , Rodriguez Eric , Scott C. Paul , Madonia Michael J. , Imber Stanley , Perel James
Published: May 2005

The objective of this article is to consider whether randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are able to determine the validity of transferring treatments for major depression from the psychiatric to the primary care sector. This clinical issue is of growing concern in the United States since both governmental and professional bodies are establishing guidelines for the treatment of medical patients with the affective disorder. The article's method involves analysis of how the competing aims of rigorous scientific methodology (internal validity) and generalization of study findings (external validity) are best balanced within the RCT. Experiences in recruiting medical patients with major depression and providing pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, and usual care interventions compatible with the sociotechnical characteristics of ambulatory medical centers are described to illustrate the complexities of investigating transferability of treatments for major depression with RCT methodology.
Time for a New Model of Community Involvement in Health Planning? Introducing Community Risk Group Planning
Authors: Tai-Seale Thomas
Published: May 2005

Mass public involvement in community health planning has been the dream of health planning agencies for decades. The Alma Ata Declaration announced that people have the right and duty to participate and most community health planning models agree that community involvement is essential if significant, lasting, and appropriate progress is to be made in health promotion and disease prevention. Progress toward this goal, however, has not been remarkable. This article argues that the slow progress is attributable to the way community has been defined and to deficiencies in the traditional community development models used by health planners. It advances a radical alternative to conventional methods of involving community in health planning and sets forth steps through which masses can become involved in meaningful planning.
Effects of Auditory and Written-Visual Stimulus on Learning and Retention
Authors: Perelle Ira B.
Published: May 2005

With the increased use of technology in education, the use of media dissemination devices such as video tape players, film strip projectors, tape recorders, etc., are often employed by the teacher in the presentation of information. The purpose of this study was to compare the learning of one particular lesson by use of the audio medium versus the printed medium. Seventy-five second grade children were pretested, presented with one of the two learning stimuli, and posttested twice to determine differential learning and/or retention. Statistical analysis was performed on the entire sample and subdivided by sex and socio-economic level. Significant indications were obtained that the auditory stimulus was superior to the written stimulus in a learning situation.
Concerns of the Technical Writer: A Panel Discussion
Authors: Gould J. R.
Published: May 2005

At the 1975 annual Technical Writers' Institute of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a panel was conducted dealing with the concerns of technical writers. We are reviewing some of the questions asked by those attending from government and industry and some of the discussion that followed.