bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma vida sem barragens: corpos, território e o papel da autodeterminação na desnaturalização da violência
Authors: Tosold Léa
Published: April 2021

Partindo do emblemático contexto de (r)existência munduruku e ribeirinha à tentativa de imposição das barragens de São Luiz e Jatobá, na bacia do rio Tapajós, entre 2013 e 2015, procuro traçar uma perspectiva analítica capaz de apreender como o caráter substantivo da lógica de progresso/desenvolvimento, identificada com o Estado, vem a tomar corpo nos embates cotidianos, envolvendo diferentes atores sociais. Identifico dois modos distintos por meio dos quais tal lógica opera: o rumor — que, como coloca Veena Das, caracteriza a efetivação do que é apenas potencialidade —, e a não performatividade — em que, diversamente, de acordo com Sara Ahmed, a enunciação vem a substituir a ação. Conforme sugiro, a persistência dos povos munduruku e ribeirinho em seu próprio processo de autodeterminação cole(a)tiva mostrou-se fundamental a fim de possibilitar a desnaturalização da violência subjacente à lógica de progresso/desenvolvimento, expondo sua intencionalidade antes de que o megaempreendimento viesse a se tornar “fato consumado”, de forma a permitir o florescimento de modos específicos de (r)existências que lhe fizessem frente, mesmo sob enorme disparidade em termos de correlação de forças.
Guerras e saques: apropriações e incorporações diferenciais das alteridades entre os Jê – ‘Cayapó’ meridionais
Authors: Mano Marcel
Published: April 2021

Este ensaio quer intervir no tema das guerras dos Jê – Cayapó’ meridionais– no século XVIII com vistas a mostrar como esses grupos incorporaram de maneira diferencial os inimigos e seus bens no contexto histórico dos contatos. A partir da análise de documentos referentes à região hoje conhecida como sul de Goiás, Triângulo Mineiro e norte de São Paulo, o artigo dialoga com a Antropologia e a História e pretende mostrar que, por meio das guerras de saque, esses grupos indígenas colocaram em ação simultânea diferentes avaliações simbólicas e incorporações políticas de suas alteridades.
role of prostaglandin F2α on ovulation and LH release in cows
Authors: Castro Natália Ávila de , Leonardi Carlos Eduardo Porciuncula , Singh Jaswant , Schneider Augusto , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard , Oliveira Fernando Caetano , D’Ávila Camila Amaral , Ferreira Rogério , Gasperin Bernardo Garziera , Moreira Elizângela Mírian , Andrade Jéssica de Souza , Pfeifer Luiz Francisco Machado
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on ovulation. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly allocated to two treatments to receive 150 μg of d-Cloprostenol (PGF Group, n = 12) or 2 mL of NaCl 0.9% (Control Group, n = 11) and CIDRs, were removed 4 days later. No cow ovulated in Control and PGF groups. In Experiment 2, cows were randomly separated into two experimental groups to receive 4 injections of 150 μg of d-Cloprostenol (n = 9) or 2 mL of NaCL 0.9% (n = 9). In this experiment, ovulation was not observed in any cows. In Experiment 3, ovariectomized cows receive three injections of 300μg of PGF analog (PGF Group, n = 5), 100μg of Lecirelin (GnRH Group, n = 5) or 2 mL of PBS (Control Group, n = 4). The LH concentration was higher (P <0.0001) in cows from the GnRH group than in the PGF and Control groups. In experiment 4, cows with preovulatory follicles (>11.5 mm) were treated with Saline (Control Group, n = 6); Lecirelin (GnRH Group, n = 7) or Cloprostenol Sodium (PGF Group, n = 6). There was a significant increase in the vascular area of follicles from 0 to 24 h in GnRH and PGF treatments. In conclusion, PGF was not able to induce ovulation in cows with high or low plasma progesterone concentration. Additionally, PGF alone was not able to induce LH release and follicle luteinization, but increased follicular vascularization.
Inatividade física no lazer e na escola está associada à presença de transtornos mentais comuns na adolescência
Authors: Ferreira Vanessa Roriz , Jardim Thiago Veiga , Póvoa Thaís Inácio Rolim , Viana Ricardo Borges , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Jardim Paulo César Veiga
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação da inatividade física no lazer e na escola com os transtornos mentais comuns durante a adolescência. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 73.399 adolescentes (12–17 anos), participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). Esse estudo transversal, nacional e de base escolar foi realizado em 2013 e 2014, nos municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A atividade física no lazer foi categorizada de acordo com o volume de prática semanal, e os adolescentes foram classificados em ativos (≥ 300 minutos/semana), inativos (0 minuto/semana) e insuficientemente ativos (1–299 minutos/semana). A prática esportiva e a participação em aulas de educação física na escola também foram analisadas. A presença de transtornos mentais comuns foi avaliada a partir do general health questionnaire, com ponto de corte maior ou igual a 3. Odds ratios (OR) foram estimados utilizando regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: A chance de transtornos mentais comuns foi 16% maior no grupo que relatou ser inativo (0 minuto/semana) no lazer (OR = 1,16; IC95% 1,06–1,27). A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns foi maior entre jovens que não praticaram esportes (37,2% vs. 25,9%; OR = 1,14; IC95% 1,04–1,25) e não participaram das aulas de educação física na escola (39,5% vs. 29,6%; OR = 1,25; IC95% 1,15–1,36). Atividade física insuficiente (1–299 minutos/semana) não aumentou a razão de chances de transtornos mentais comuns. Praticar atividade física no lazer, independentemente da duração e frequência semanal, reduziu em 26% as chances de transtornos mentais comuns nessa população. CONCLUSÕES: A inatividade física no lazer e na escola foi associada à presença de transtornos mentais comuns na adolescência. Os resultados sugerem que prática esportiva, educação física escolar e atividade física durante o lazer, mesmo sem atingir a recomendação atual, têm relação com a saúde mental dos jovens.
Qualidade de vida em indivíduos iniciando a terapia antirretroviral: um estudo de coorte
Authors: Pimentel Gabriela Sales , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga , Costa Juliana de Oliveira , Mendes Jullye Campos , Bonolo Palmira de Fátima , Silveira Micheline Rosa
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Avaliar longitudinalmente a alteração da qualidade de vida em pessoas que vivem com HIV iniciando a terapia antirretroviral, atendidas em três serviços públicos de referência na assistência especializada ao HIV em Belo Horizonte. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com o acompanhamento de pessoas que vivem com HIV, com 18 anos de idade ou mais, e iniciando terapia antirretroviral. Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais, clínicos, relacionados ao tratamento farmacológico e ao serviço foram obtidos por entrevistas, complementados com informações dos prontuários clínicos e dos sistemas de informação do Programa Brasileiro de HIV/AIDS. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada utilizando o instrumento WHOQOLHIV-bref, por meio de entrevista face a face, com intervalo mínimo de seis meses entre as entrevistas. A alteração média na qualidade de vida entre as duas entrevistas foi avaliada utilizando o teste t pareado. Os fatores associados foram avaliados por meio de regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: A qualidade de vida global, assim como a qualidade de vida nos domínios físico, psicológico, nível de independência, ambiente e espiritual foram estatisticamente melhores em pessoas que vivem com HIV usando terapia antirretroviral no final do tempo de acompanhamento. Fatores independentemente associados ao incremento na qualidade de vida foram possuir crença religiosa e morar com outras pessoas. Enquanto ter sinais ou sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e o número de reações adversas a medicamentos reportadas foram preditores associados à piora da qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados evidenciam melhora na qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com HIV iniciando a terapia antirretroviral ao longo do tempo. Evidenciam ainda a necessidade de se acompanhar e prover cuidados de saúde, em especial para indivíduos com sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e que relatam reações adversas a medicamentos no início do tratamento.
Occupational exposure to pesticides and health symptoms among family farmers in Brazil
Authors: Buralli Rafael Junqueira , Ribeiro Helena , Iglesias Verónica , Muñoz-Quezada María Teresa , Leão Renata Spolti , Marques Rejane Correa , Almeida Milena Maria Cordeiro de , Guimarães Jean Remy Davée
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of occupational pesticide exposure with acute and mental health symptoms. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey carried out with 78 Brazilian family farmers, who were pesticide applicators and helpers conveniently selected. Symptoms and exposure data were collected by interviews, and mental health outcomes by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed to assess cholinesterase levels. Exposure indicators and symptoms were compared between applicators and helpers, and Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios. RESULTS: Farmers reported exposure to multiple pesticides from early ages; they worked without safety training, technical support, and full protective equipment, and they had a high prevalence of acute and mental health symptoms (e.g., headache, mucosal irritation, tachycardia, and depressive signs). Applicators had more cholinesterase changes than helpers, but less symptoms. Helpers used less personal protection and had significantly higher prevalence ratio of headache, dyspnea, wheezing, cough, poor digestion, tiredness, and feeling worthless, after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and mental health symptoms were observed, both among farmers and helpers. Thus, surveillance actions must be reinforced in Brazil, technical support and safety training improved, focused on applicators and helpers, who are occupationally and environmentally exposed to pesticides. Agricultural practices of these groups with less pesticide use should receive incentive.
Contribution of community health workers to primary health care performance in Brazil
Authors: Santos Alaneir de Fátima dos , Rocha Hugo André da , Lima Ângela Maria de Lourdes Dayrell de , Abreu Daisy Maria Xavier de , Silva Érica Araújo , Araújo Lucas Henrique Lobato de , Cavalcante Isabela Cristina Carreiro , Matta-Machado Antônio Thomaz Gonzaga da
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: To associate the strength of community health workers interventions with primary health care strategies for women’s and children’s health, diabetes, and hypertension. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study assessing 29,778 family health teams working in primary health care in Brazil in 2014. The association between community health workers activity levels and primary health care facilities was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We found higher levels of community health workers activities strongly associated with primary health care practices (OR = 6.88) for those activities targeting hypertension management, followed by children’s health (OR = 6.56), and women’s health (OR = 6.21). CONCLUSIONS: At a time when Brazil discusses whether community health workers should or should not remain in the same scale-up and skill level as they currently are, our results reinforce the importance of these workers for the care model advocated by the Brazilian Unified Health System.
Padrão espacial da mortalidade por câncer de mama e colo do útero na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Bermudi Patricia Marques Moralejo , Pellini Alessandra Cristina Guedes , Rebolledo Elizabeth Angélica Salinas , Diniz Carmen Simone Grilo , Aguiar Breno Souza de , Ribeiro Adeylson Guimarães , Failla Marcelo Antunes , Baquero Oswaldo Santos , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVOS: Verificar o padrão espacial da mortalidade pelos cânceres de mama e do colo do útero, em áreas da atenção primária à saúde, levando em consideração as condições socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: O estudo é ecológico, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2016. A área de estudo é o município de São Paulo, Brasil, e suas 456 áreas de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde. As informações sobre óbitos de mulheres com 20 anos ou mais de idade foram geocodificadas segundo endereço de residência. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade, padronizadas por idade, e suavizadas pelo método bayesiano empírico local, além de agrupadas em três ou dois anos para reduzir a flutuação aleatória dos dados. Além disso, foram calculados os índices de Moran global e local bivariados, para verificar a existência de aglomeração espacial das taxas de mortalidade padronizadas com um domínio de condição socioeconômica, elaborado a partir do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social. RESULTADOS: A taxa de sucesso da geocodificação foi de 98,9%. A mortalidade por câncer de mama, sem estratificação por tempo, apresentou um padrão com maiores taxas localizadas nas regiões centrais e com melhores condições socioeconômicas. Apresentou queda ao final do período e mudança de padrão espacial, com aumento da mortalidade nas regiões periféricas. Já a mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero manteve-se com as maiores taxas nas regiões periféricas e com piores condições socioeconômicas, apesar de apresentar redução ao longo do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: O padrão espacial da mortalidade pelos cânceres do estudo, ao longo do tempo, sugere associação com as melhores condições socioeconômicas do município, seja como proteção (colo) ou risco (mama). Esse conhecimento pode direcionar recursos para a prevenção e a promoção da saúde nos territórios.
Fatores associados a sintomas osteomusculares em profissionais que trabalham sentados
Authors: Lopes Anália Rosário , Trelha Celita Salmaso , Robazzi Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz , Reis Roberta Alvarenga , Pereira Maria José Bistafa , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares e analisar os fatores a eles associados em profissionais de setores administrativos que trabalham predominantemente na postura sentada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados obtidos de 451 trabalhadores de instituição pública federal na região Sul do país. A variável dependente foi o número de sintomas osteomusculares nos últimos 12 meses, aferido utilizando-se o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Foram investigadas 19 variáveis independentes, divididas em quatro categorias: características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, ocupacionais e de saúde. Foi realizada análise univariada e, na sequência, regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta. As variáveis independentes foram inseridas em blocos com critério backward stepwise, considerando o valor para estatística de Wald igual a 0,20. As medidas de efeito foram expressas em aumento relativo (AR) no valor médio, sendo os dados analisados para um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência estimada de sintomas osteomusculares nos últimos 12 meses foi de 90% (intervalo de confiança – IC95% 87–93). No modelo final da análise de regressão, as variáveis sexo feminino (AR = 14,75%), índice de capacidade para o trabalho baixo (AR = 100,02%) e moderado (AR = 64,06%), uso de medicamentos (AR = 48,06%) e circunferência da cintura em risco (AR = 15,59%) tiveram associação significativa com o aumento da média de sintomas; já a escolaridade com ensino técnico atuou como fator de proteção, reduzindo a média em 36,46%. CONCLUSÕES: A alta prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares encontrada e os fatores associados indicam a necessidade de propor ações e cuidados específicos para essa população, como tratamento imediato dos sintomas e mudanças na organização e no ambiente laboral, a fim de alcançar equilíbrio e harmonia nas exigências do trabalho sentado prolongado e evitar o impacto dessa condição na saúde pública. DESCRITORES: Saúde do Trabalhador. Medidas de Associação, Exposição, Risco ou Desfecho. Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos. Postura. Estilo de Vida Sedentário.
Randomized Clinical Comparison of the Dual-Therapy CD34 Antibody-Covered Sirolimus-Eluting Combo Stent With the Sirolimus-Eluting Orsiro Stent in Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The SORT OUT X Trial
Authors: Jakobsen Lars , Christiansen Evald H. , Freeman Phillip , Kahlert Johnny , Veien Karsten , Maeng Michael , Raungaard Bent , Ellert Julia , Villadsen Anton B. , Kristensen Steen D. , Ahlehoff Ole , Christensen Martin K. , Terkelsen Christian J. , Erik Bøtker Hans , Aaroe Jens , Thim Troels , Thuesen Leif , Aziz Ahmed , Eftekhari Ashkan , Jensen Rebekka V. , Støttrup Nicolaj B. , Rasmussen Jeppe G. , Junker Anders , Jensen Svend E. , Hansen Henrik S. , Jensen Lisette O.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Target lesion failure remains an issue with contemporary drug-eluting stents. Thus, the dual-therapy sirolimus-eluting and CD34+ antibody–coated Combo stent (DTS) was designed to further improve early healing. This study aimed to investigate whether the DTS is noninferior to the sirolimus-eluting Orsiro stent (SES) in an all-comers patient population.

Methods:

The SORT OUT X (Combo Stent Versus Orsiro Stent) trial, was a large-scale, randomized, multicenter, single-blind, 2-arm, noninferiority trial with registry-based follow-up. The primary end point target lesion failure was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization within 12 months, analyzed using intention-to-treat. The trial was powered for assessing target lesion failure noninferiority of the DTS compared with the SES with a predetermined noninferiority margin of 0.021.

Results:

A total of 3146 patients were randomized to treatment with the DTS (1578 patients; 2008 lesions) or SES (1568 patients; 1982 lesions). At 12 months, intention-to-treat analysis showed that 100 patients (6.3%) assigned the DTS and 58 patients (3.7%) assigned the SES met the primary end point (absolute risk difference, 2.6% [upper limit of 1-sided 95% CI, 4.1%];
P
(noninferiority)=0.76). The SES was superior to the DTS (incidence rate ratios for target lesion failure, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.26–2.41];
P
=0.00086). The difference was explained mainly by a higher incidence of target lesion revascularization in the DTS group compared with the SES group (53 [3.4%] vs. 24 [1.5%]; incidence rate ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.37–3.61];
P
=0.0012).

Conclusions:

The DTS did not confirm noninferiority to the SES for target lesion failure at 12 months in an all-comer population. The SES was superior to the DTS mainly because the DTS was associated with an increased risk of target lesion revascularization. However, rates of death, cardiac death, and myocardial infarction at 12 months did not differ significantly between the 2 stent groups.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03216733.
Immunosuppression of Macrophages Underlies the Cardioprotective Effects of CST (Catestatin)
Authors: Ying Wei , Tang Kechun , Avolio Ennio , Schilling Jan M. , Pasqua Teresa , Liu Matthew A. , Cheng Hongqiang , Gao Hong , Zhang Jing , Mahata Sumana , Ko Myung S. , Bandyopadhyay Gautam , Das Soumita , Roth David M. , Sahoo Debashis , Webster Nicholas J.G. , Sheikh Farah , Ghosh Gourisankar , Patel Hemal H. , Ghosh Pradipta , van den Bogaart Geert , Mahata Sushil K.
Published: April 2021

Hypertension is associated with inflammation and excessive production of catecholamines. Hypertensive patients have reduced plasma levels of CST (catestatin)—a bioactive cleavage product of the prohormone CgA (chromogranin A). In mouse models, hypertension symptoms can be reduced by administration of CST, but the role of CST in the regulation of cardiovascular function is unknown. In this study, we generated mice with KO (knockout) of the region of the
CgA
gene coding for CST (CST-KO) and found that CST-KO mice are not only hypertensive as predicted but also display left ventricular hypertrophy, have marked macrophage infiltration of the heart and adrenal gland, and have elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and catecholamines. Intraperitoneal injection with CST reversed these phenotypes, and ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection was also abolished in CST-KO mice. Experiments with chlodronate depletion of macrophages and bone marrow transfer showed that macrophages produce CST and that the antihypertensive effects of CST are mediated, in part, via CST’s immunosuppression of macrophages as a form of feedback inhibition. The data thus implicate CST as a key autocrine attenuator of the cardiac inflammation in hypertension by reducing macrophage inflammation.
EFFECT OF TAXATION ON MIGRATION IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS
Authors: SANDALCI Ulvi , SANDALCI İnci
Published: April 2021

In a globalized world, many economies have become integrated, making it easier for taxpayers to move between states without having to bear too much financial burden. As a result of this, taxpayers leave their legal residence and migrate to other regions or countries due to factors such as tax administration structure, complexity of the tax system, tax fairness, tax perception, and the weight of the tax burden in particular. In the study, the factors in taxation that drive taxpayers to immigrate and the effects of taxation on immigration were investigated. The results of the study revealed that taxes play a role in the preferences of especially the taxpayers in certain industries and high-skilled specialists to change their legal residence. Accordingly, taxpayers migrate to regions or countries with lower tax burden from the regions or countries where the tax burden is heavier.
KURUMSAL YÖNETİM DERECELENDİRME NOTU DUYURULARININ HİSSE SENEDİ GETİRİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN OLAY ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KEVSER Mustafa , DOĞAN Mesut
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notu duyurularının hisse senedi getirisi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu amaçla kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme endeksinde bulunan 29 firmanın 2007-2019 verileri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada olay çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Kurumsal Yönetim Derecelendirme Notu’nun açıklandığı güne bağlı olarak 5 gün öncesi ve 5 gün sonrası günlük hisse senedi getirisinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için eşleştirilmiş (paired) t-testinden, firmaların kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notu ile hisse senedi getirisi arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla pearson korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar derecelendirme notunun açıklanma tarihinden 5 gün öncesi ve 5 gün sonrasında göre hisse senedi getirilerinde anlamlı bir farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bunun yanında kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notu ile hisse senedi getirileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmakta olup kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notu arttıkça hisse senedi getirisi artış göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kurumsal yönetim ve vekâlet teorisi çerçevesinde hem teorik hem de yönetsel katkı sunmaktadır.
Associated costs of mitigation-driven translocation in small lizards
Authors: Barrientos Rafael , Megía-Palma Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Mitigation-driven translocations represent an increasingly common management solution to reduce animal mortality and habitat loss caused by human development. Although they currently outnumber other translocation types, there is a lack of scientific approaches to evaluate the outcome of this management tool. We designed an experimental translocation with two groups of translocated males and two of control males of a small (6-14 g) lizard (totaling 120 individuals). Our results suggest that translocated individuals covered longer distances (53 vs. 18 m) from their respective release points in one month (on average), although this distance diminished over time. Displacing longer distances was associated with a body condition impoverishment and an increase in parasitization by ectoparasites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that finds a positive relationship between covering longer distances and an increase in the number of mites. This was also explained by the initial mite load that lizards had, suggesting that controlling the infestation by mites is energetically demanding for lizards, being traded by locomotor activity. At least for those individuals in poorer body condition, we recommend the implementation of soft release (gradually accustoming individuals to their new environment by previously releasing them into controlled conditions) and deparasitization before accomplishing a mitigation-driven translocation.
Combined effect of β-aminobutyric acid and silver nanoparticles on eggplants, Solanum melongena, infected with Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Shekoohi Samaneh S. , Charehgani Habiballah , Abdollahi Mohammad , Rajabi Hamid Reza
Published: April 2021

The acquired resistance of plants to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) can be achieved by applying chemical inducers, such as β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Recently, the use of metal nanoparticles with multifunctional use against plant-parasitic nematodes has been presented. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised using the aqueous leaf extract of Malva sylvestris. The effect of different AgNPs concentrations on hatching and mortality of the second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica was investigated in vitro. The effects of AgNPs on eggplants infected with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 eggs (cm3 soil)−1 were investigated under glasshouse conditions. The combined effects of AgNPs and BABA on eggplants infected with 4 and 8 eggs (cm3 soil)−1 were investigated in another study. The results showed that increasing the concentration of AgNPs the hatching of M. javanica decreased and the mortality of J2 increased. The number of eggs, galls, egg masses and reproduction factor in plants treated with AgNPs infected with 4 eggs (cm3 soil)−1 decreased by 43.4, 24.7, 23.5 and 43.2%, and in plants infected with 8 eggs (cm3 soil)−1, decreased by 64.5, 25.5, 63.1 and 64.5%, respectively, compared to control plants. The reproduction factor in infected plants with 4 and 8 eggs (cm3 soil)−1 that were treated with BABA (1 mM) and AgNPs decreased by 51.6 and 55.9%, respectively, compared to control plants. The results of this study demonstrated the effects of BABA, AgNPs and the combination of these two substances in reducing the damage of different inoculum densities of M. javanica in eggplant.
Health Disparities and New Health Technologies – A Patients’ and Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Hartlev Mette
Published: April 2021

The human right to health requires that everyone should have equal opportunities to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health. In practice, this is hard to achieve, as health is shaped by social determinants. This article explores the impact personalized medicine and use of big data may have on health disparities. New health technologies offer a lot of hope for more individual and better health promotion and care, which potentially could be beneficial for the most deprived. However, there are also concerns that not all population groups will profit equally from this new population-based medicine, and that new digital health technologies will maintain – or even reinforce – existing health disparities. This article suggests using insights from poverty studies combined with a patients’ and human rights-based approach to ensure that the most deprived are not left behind in the application of new health technologies.
A taxonomic study on Psephellus sect. Amblyopogon (Asteraceae, Cardueae—Centaureinae)
Authors: YOUSEFI ZOHREH , NEGARESH KAZEM , KAYA YUSUF
Published: April 2021

A taxonomic review of Psephellus sect. Amblyopogon was carried out. The presence of P. incanescens in Turkey is shown and the problem in its typification is discussed. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, examined specimen lists, full descriptions, morphological comparisons and habitat are provided for all taxa of P. sect. Amblyopogon. The geographical distributions of all species are presented and mapped. In addition, images of the type specimens of all taxa and also photos of the species in their natural habitat are provided. Finally, a taxonomic key to all species of P. sect. Amblyopogon is presented for the first time.
Ligustrum fengjieense (Oleaceae), a new species from eastern Chongqing, China

Authors: LI XIAN-YUAN , ZENG SI-YUAN , YU JIE
Published: April 2021

Ligustrum fengjieense (Oleaceae), a new species from Fengjie County, Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to L. pricei and L. expansum, but it can be distinguished by its extremely long pedicels and purple anthers. Color photographs, conservation assessments and taxonomical notes are provided.
Myocardial Injury and the Risk of Stroke in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study)
Authors: Hajjari Jamal , Janus Scott E. , Albar Zainab , Al-Kindi Sadeer G.
Published: April 2021

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for stroke. High-sensitivity troponin (hsTP), a marker of myocardial injury, has been associated with stroke risk in patients without CKD, but whether this applies to patients with CKD is not known. We assessed whether hsTP levels is associated with incident stroke in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD without a history of stroke enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. Patients were followed for incident stroke, and the association with hsTP was assessed. A total of 3477 patients without prior stroke were included in this investigation. Over a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 101 (2.8%) patients had an incident stroke. Baseline hsTP was associated with a 9-year risk of stroke (quartile 1: 1.8%, quartile 2: 3.8%, quartile 3: 4.9%, quartile 4: 7.3%; P < .001). After adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, patients in the fourth quartile (hazard ratio: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.10-5.76, P = .021) had higher risk of stroke when compared with the lowest quartile of hsTP. In conclusion, hsTP levels are associated with increased risk of incident stroke in patients with mild to moderate CKD, and this association remains significant despite the adjustment for traditional risk factors and CKD.
Can Tonsillectomy Be Safely Performed by Residents? A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Na’ara Shorook , Aronov Michael , Gil Ziv , Gordin Arie
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess whether a surgeon’s level of training is associated with outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study of the outcomes of pediatric tonsillectomies performed between 2006 and 2016 by senior surgeons versus resident surgeons under the supervision of senior surgeons.

Setting:

An otolaryngology department in a tertiary academic hospital.

Patients:

Children younger than 18 years who underwent bilateral tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.

Main outcome measures:

Intraoperative bleeding, initiation of oral intake, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:

Of 785 children, 397 (50.5%) were operated on by a resident surgeon and 388 (49.5%) by a senior surgeon. Patient demographics and surgical techniques were similar between the groups. The mean surgical time was 33.2 minutes in the residents’ group and 27.1 minutes in the seniors’ group ( P = .032). The groups were similar in intraoperative bleeding, while same-day initiation of oral intake was 71% for children in the residents’ group versus 61% in the seniors’ group ( P = .28). Reports of postoperative bleeding necessitating readmission and revised operations were similar for both groups (3.0% and 0.7%, respectively, in the residents’ group; and 2.5% and 1.0%, respectively, in the seniors’ group).

Conclusion:

Children undergoing tonsillectomy showed similar short-term outcomes, whether the operations were performed by a senior surgeon or a resident surgeon supervised by an attending surgeon. This study demonstrates the safety of pediatric tonsillectomy performed by resident surgeons supervised by attending physicians.
Racially Imbalanced Peremptory Challenges by the Defense as a Reactionary Process
Authors: DeCamp Elise , DeCamp Whitney
Published: April 2021

The use of peremptory challenges in American criminal trials has been found to be racially discriminatory despite race-based motivation being unconstitutional in jury selection. One argument made in defense of peremptory challenges is that the prosecution and the defense counteract each other, and “cancel out” each other’s impact. Using data from 208 criminal trials in Mississippi, this study examines whether the prosecution and defense counteract each other and what impact this has on juries. Findings suggest that the prosecution has a significant effect on the defense’s use of peremptory challenges. Although the average proportion of Black jurors is not significantly different as a result of peremptory challenges, the greater dispersion in proportions increases the volatility in jury composition.
The Impact of Nudge Letters on Improving Attendance in an Urban District
Authors: Mac Iver Martha Abele , Wills Kellie , Cruz Anna , Mac Iver Douglas J.
Published: April 2021

This study evaluates a “nudge letter” to parents intervention designed to reduce chronic absenteeism among students in one urban district. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD), it estimates the impact of the intervention on improving student attendance. The forcing variable for the RDD was 2016–2017 attendance rate, with a “threshold” of a 0.90 attendance rate (missing 10% of days). Analyses established demographic equivalence of students in the 0.88 to 0.92 baseline attendance bandwidth. Although the overall impact of the intervention on attendance change between Fall 2016 and Fall 2017 (first-quarter attendance) was small and non-significant (ES 0.09, p = .20), the effect size for middle school students (0.34, p = .044) was “substantively important” by What Works Clearinghouse standards. The effect of the intervention on the full year’s attendance rate was not significant.
New Directions in Employment Relations Theory: Understanding Fragmentation, Identity, and Legitimacy
Authors: Doellgast Virginia , Bidwell Matthew , Colvin Alexander J. S.
Published: April 2021

This article introduces the special issue on New Theories in Employment Relations. The authors summarize the history of employment relations theory and reflect on the implications of recent disruptive changes in the economy and society for new theory development. Three sets of changes are identified: the growing complexity of actors in the employment relationship, an increased emphasis on identity as a basis for organizing and extending labor protections, and the growing importance of norms and legitimacy as both a constraint on employer action and a mobilizing tool. The articles in this special issue advance new frameworks to analyze these changes and their implications for the future of employment relations.
Commentary on New Theories in Employment Relations
Authors: Bellace Janice , Minster Andrew , Scott Karen , Kelly Erin L. , Kochan Thomas A. , Sako Mari , Kaufman Bruce E.
Published: April 2021

ILR Review invited leading scholars to present short comments on paired articles in the preceding Special Issue on New Theories in Employment Relations. They identify key contributions, suggest extensions, and offer broader thoughts on the direction of future theory in employment relations.
Effect of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate in combination with aluminum hypophosphite and melamine polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal decomposition of rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Xu Daifang , Yu Kejing , Qian Kun , Zhao Weiguo
Published: April 2021

RPUF with tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) alone, as well as their binary and ternary blends, were prepared via a one-step process. The effect of TCPP in combination with AHP and MPP on flame retardancy and thermal decomposition in the RPUF has been investigated. The results show that adding TCPP, MPP and AHP into RPUF simultaneously can significantly ensure the uniform cell structure, enhance the compressive strength, thermal stability and fire resistance of RPUF, decrease the thermal conductivity, the release of toxic HCN at high temperature. TGA results indicate that partial substitution of TCPP with MPP and AHP could improve the char residue. When the content of TCPP is 10 wt%, the optimal ratio of MPP and DPER was 1/2, the TCPP10/MPP3.3/AHP6.7/RPUF sample reached a V1 rating in vertical UL-94 test with a limiting oxygen index of 27.4%. The compressive strength and specific compressive strength (compressive strength/density) for TCPP10/MPP3.3/AHP6.7/RPUF sample increased about 82.6% and 44.3% compared to that of pure RPUF, respectively. The cone calorimeter test results showed that adding EG, MPP and AHP into RPUF simultaneously can significantly decrease the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR) and smoke emission behavior of RPUF sample. Based on these facts, a potential flame-retardant mechanism was proposed.
How Physical Stores Enhance Customer Value: The Importance of Product Inspection Depth
Authors: Zhang Jonathan Z. , Chang Chun-Wei , Neslin Scott A.
Published: April 2021

The authors investigate the role of the physical store in today’s multichannel environment. They posit that one benefit of the store to the retailer is to enhance customer value by providing the physical engagement needed to purchase deep products—products that require ample inspection for customers to make an informed decision. Using a multimethod approach involving a hidden Markov model of transaction data and two experiments, the authors find that buying deep products in the physical store transitions customers to the high-value state more than other product/channel combinations. Findings confirm the hypotheses derived from experiential learning theory . A moderated serial mediation test supports the experiential learning theory–based mechanism for translating physical engagement into customer value: Customers purchase a deep product from the physical store. They reflect on this physical engagement experience, and because it is tangible, concrete, and multisensory, it enables them to develop strong learning about the retailer. This experiential knowledge precipitates repatronage and generalizes to future online purchases in the same category and in adjacent categories, thus contributing to higher customer value. This research suggests that multichannel retailers use a combination of right-channel and right-product strategies for customer development and provides implications for experiential retail designs.
Differences in COVID-19 Testing and Test Positivity Among Veterans, United States, 2020
Authors: Ferguson Jacqueline M. , Abdel Magid Hoda S. , Purnell Amanda L. , Kiang Mathew V. , Osborne Thomas F.
Published: April 2021

Objective

COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. We evaluated characteristics associated with obtaining a COVID-19 test from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and receiving a positive test result for COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 6 292 800 veterans in VHA care at 130 VHA medical facilities. We assessed the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 administered by the VHA (n = 822 934) and the number of positive test results (n = 82 094) from February 8 through December 28, 2020. We evaluated associations of COVID-19 testing and test positivity with demographic characteristics of veterans, adjusting for facility characteristics, comorbidities, and county-level area-based socioeconomic measures using nested generalized linear models.

Results

In fully adjusted models, veterans who were female, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, urban, and low income and had a disability had an increased likelihood of obtaining a COVID-19 test, and veterans who were Asian had a decreased likelihood of obtaining a COVID-19 test. Compared with veterans who were White, veterans who were Black/African American (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19-1.27) and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (RR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21) had an increased likelihood of receiving a positive test result. Hispanic/Latino veterans had a 43% higher likelihood of receiving a positive test result than non-Hispanic/Latino veterans did.

Conclusions

Although veterans have access to subsidized health care at the VHA, the increased risk of receiving a positive test result for COVID-19 among Black and Hispanic/Latino veterans, despite receiving more tests than White and non-Hispanic/Latino veterans, suggests that other factors (eg, social inequities) are driving disparities in COVID-19 prevalence.
Tourists’ Goal-Directed Behaviors: The Influences of Goal Disclosure, Goal Commitment, and Temporal Distance
Authors: Su Lujun , Yang Xiaojie , Huang Yinghua
Published: April 2021

Through the lenses of construal-level theory and goal-directed behavior theory, this study proposed and tested a conceptual model of tourists’ goal-directed behaviors. The proposed model depicted the impacts of tourism goal disclosure on tourists’ goal-directed behaviors through the mediation of goal commitment. The moderating role of temporal distance was also investigated. Two experimental studies were conducted to test hypotheses. Study 1 revealed that goal disclosure (vs. nondisclosure) on social media would enhance tourists’ commitment to tourism goals, which in turn would elicit more goal-directed behaviors. Study 2 further showed that the findings of study 1 are only applicable to the condition of short temporal distance. However, when it comes to the condition of long temporal distance, there is no significant difference in goal commitment and goal-directed behaviors regardless if the goal is disclosed or not. The findings of this study provided valuable theoretical and managerial implications.
Bilateral periorbital oedema revealed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a young male
Authors: Damarla Sudha V , Upputuri Brahmaiah
Published: April 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder that has well established cutaneous features and typically affects women. However, isolated bilateral periorbital involvement is a rare clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, which may often delay the diagnosis and treatment. We report such a case in a 20-year-old male.
Frequently asked questions about African psychology: another view
Authors: Nwoye Augustine
Published: April 2021

The South African Journal of Psychology, in pages 273–279, of 2017, published a very important and commendable editorial by Kopano Ratele aimed at re-igniting the debate on issues surrounding ‘decades-old confusion about the definition, scope, impetus for, and ultimate aims of an African psychology within South Africa (SA)’. His incisive contribution in response to these issues was submitted under the title: Frequently asked questions about African psychology. In attempting to join this debate, the aim is not to challenge but to complement the fine responses made by Ratele (2017b) to the questions he had raised. Specifically, the aim of this article is to keep this important debate about the state of African psychology alive by showing that there are still some unexplored questions about African psychology that need to be raised and responded to. It is the conviction of the present author that it is through such debates that a better understanding of the meaning and scope, and vision and mission of the nascent academic discipline of African psychology could be achieved.
Understanding Loan Default Among Community College Students
Authors: McKinney Lyle , Gross Jacob P. , Burridge Andrea , Inge Brittany , Williams Alexander
Published: April 2021

Objective: The purpose of our study was to identify the factors associated with federal loan default among a nationally-representative sample of community college students. The guiding research question was: For community college students who borrow federal loans, to what extent do demographic, academic, and enrollment characteristics relate to default? Methods: Using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09), our analysis focused on loan repayment outcomes six years after enrollment for students who began their postsecondary careers at a community college (i.e., a public, two-year institution) and had not transferred to a four-year institution. The analytic methods included descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Compared to their peers who did not use federal loans, borrowers were more likely to be female, unmarried, lower-income, a Pell Grant recipient, and enrolled exclusively full-time. Regression results indicated that compared to borrowers still in repayment, defaulters were more likely to be male, first-generation college, lower-income, enrolled in workforce certificate and applied associate degree programs, lateral transfers, and non-completers. Notably, two-thirds of the defaulters had $5,000 or less in outstanding debt. Conclusions: Many of the student groups that have traditionally experienced the lowest rates of success at the community college are also the populations more likely to default on their loans. Relatively low levels of debt can still place severe financial hardship on community college borrowers. We propose several modifications to federal loan policy and institutional practices that could help reduce the number of community college borrowers who default.
Personal Characteristics Associated with Working After Disability Onset for People with Visual Impairments
Authors: McKnight Zhen S. , Crudden Adele , McDonnall Michele C.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

This study utilized data from the 2014 Survey of Disability and Employment (SDE) to examine personal characteristics that influenced employment after disability onset for people who are visually impaired (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision).

Method:

The selected sample from the SDE data set included 131 individuals who are visually impaired, had disability onset after age 14 years, and worked before their disability onset. Logistic regression was used to examine working after disability onset associated with age at disability onset, years since disability onset, gender, race, education, receipt of government disability benefits, self-reported health, encouragement received to work, additional disabilities, and the interaction between age at disability onset and years since disability onset.

Results:

Persons who were female, received government benefits, and had multiple disabilities were less likely to work after disability onset; persons who had more sources of encouragement were more likely to work after disability onset. Age at disability onset interacted with time since disability onset; as age increased, odds of working after disability onset increased but only for persons who had their disability for at least 4 years.

Discussion:

Persons with newly acquired disabilities may need time to adjust to their disability and learn new skills that allow them to continue employment. Information about how employment may influence receipt of government benefits would be helpful to persons evaluating their options regarding continuing employment.

Implications for practitioners:

A person who has not worked after recent disability onset may be adjusting to life with a disability and may return to work in the future. Encouragement to work from both service providers and family members made a meaningful difference in employment retention after disability onset, and this is an area that vocational rehabilitation professionals can influence.