bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A036: Research on the Impact of Physical Dance on Body Dissatisfaction
Among Female College Students
Authors: Yang Hanlu
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: With the exacerbation of social phenomena
such as "internal competition" and "labeling," mental health issues among
university students, especially anxiety and depression among female
students, are becoming increasingly prominent. “Body Dissatisfaction”,
recognized as a key factor influencing mental health, has garnered
widespread attention from various sectors of society. This study aimed to
investigate the impact of physical dance on body dissatisfaction among
female college students, with the goal of fostering positive body image and
promoting healthy exercise habits.

Method: This study employed a combination of literature review,
experimental methods, interviews, field observations, questionnaire surveys,
and mathematical statistics. Three measurement tools, namely the "Brief
Negative Body Image Scale (BNBIS)," the "Physical Self-Perception Profile
(PSPP)," and the "Body Image States Scale (BISS)," were utilized. A total of
45 female college students with no background in sports dance and no history
of major illnesses were selected for an 8-week experimental teaching
intervention in physical dance. Data were collected and organized before,
during, and after the experiment, with descriptive statistics and
paired-sample t-tests conducted using SPSS 26.0 to analyze the data required
for this paper.

Results: The experimental results revealed a significant
improvement among female college students in terms of physical fitness, body
condition, and physical attractiveness (P < 0.05). There was a highly
significant improvement in overall dissatisfaction factors (P < 0.01),
despite the relatively subtle changes observed in dissatisfaction factors
related to height and weight (P > 0.05), indicating a positive trend.
Furthermore, there was a significant elevation in the level of body image
states post-intervention (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The research highlights the effectiveness of an
8-week moderate-intensity physical dance elective course in reducing body
dissatisfaction among female college students, thereby positively impacting
their physical and mental well-being. This intervention not only broadens
the spectrum of sports activities conducive to improving body image but also
encourages a holistic approach to self-care and fosters a positive attitude
towards physical activity. However, the study recognizes the limitation of
its sample size and emphasizes the need for future research to expand
samples and implement stringent experimental controls. The findings of this
study carry significant theoretical and practical implications, advocating
for the integration of physical dance elective courses into university
curricula to promote healthy body images and enhance overall well-being
among female students.
A038: Integrating Stair Climbing-Based Exercise Snacks into the Campus on
Feasibility, Perceived Efficacy, and Participation Perspectives
Authors: Yin Mingyue , Zheng Huakun , Bai Mingyang , Deng Shengji , Zhang Boyi , Deng Jianfeng , Chen Zhili , Liu Qian , Little Jonathan , Li Yongming
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility,
perceived efficacy, and participation perspectives of a campus stair
climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) intervention, and to compare it to
moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).

Methods: Healthy, young, inactive adults were randomly assigned
to three groups (ES, MICT, Control (CON)). ES (n = 14) and MICT (n = 13)
groups performed 3 sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group
(n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s ‘all-out’
stair-climbing bouts separated by >1-h rest, and MICT involved 40 min
stationary cycling at 60-70% HRmax. ES participants also
completed post-intervention semi-structured interviews.

Results: Retention rates of 93% (ES, 14/15), 93% (MICT, 13/14),
and 100% (CON, 15/15) were achieved from baseline to post-assessments, with
compliance of 97% (733/756) and 93% (217/234) in ES and MICT. No significant
differences were found between ES and MICT for future intentions, enjoyment,
and satisfaction. A significant group × time interaction was found in
quality of life and perceived stress. ES and MICT significantly increased
quality of life by 8% (MD = 5.5 [95% CI = 0.3, 10.7], Cohen’s d = 0.64) and 6% (MD = 4.6 [95% CI = 0.9, 8.2], Cohen’s d = 0.88) compared to baseline, whereas CON experienced
a significant decrease (MD = -7.9 [95% CI = -14.4, -1.6], Cohen’s d = 0.56). ES significantly decreased perceived stress
by 7% (MD = -4.6 [95% CI = -8.9, -0.3], Cohen’s d = 0.58),
while MICT (MD = 2.0 [95% CI = -0.1, 4.1], Cohen’s d =
0.28) and CON (MD = -2.4 [95% CI = -6.1, 1.3], Cohen’s d =
0.22) had no significant effects. The majority (12/14) of participants
generally demonstrated positive attitudes toward participation in ES and
found it easier than expected, while highlighting enablers, barriers, and
future recommendations.

Conclusion: Stair climbing-based ES could be integrated into
the campus setting, appeared feasible, and was like MICT regarding future
intentions, enjoyment, and satisfaction. Both ES and MICT improved quality
of life compared to CON, and ES was superior to both MICT and CON for
improving perceived stress. Interviews provided positive insights into
fostering adherence to ES among university students.
A039: Can Outdoor Activities Improve Pro-Environmental Behaviors?
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Guo Zhen
Published: January 2025

Background: The increasingly severe impacts of climate change
require us to find positive ways for people to change their lifestyles and
engage in more pro-environmental behaviors. Sport and outdoor activities are
increasingly becoming a platform for sustainable development awareness and
action. Particularly, the positive environmental effects of outdoor
activities have been gaining increased attention. Previous research
primarily focused on the theoretical level, lacking empirical studies on
whether people who participated in outdoor activities are more
pro-environment. Thus, this study aimed to use data to explore the
relationship between outdoor activities and pro-environmental behaviors in
China.

Methodology： Data were based on the China General Social Survey
(CGSS) 2021, comprising 2373 valid samples. Outdoor activity (OA) as
independent variable, with 1648 participants (69.4%). The mediating
variables were environmental knowledge (EK), environmental concerns (EC),
and pro-environmental intension (PI). The dependent variable was
pro-environmental behaviors (PB). Structural equation modeling was employed
to test hypotheses using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0.

Results: Firstly, OA impact EK (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), EC (β
= 0.43, p < 0.001) and PI (β = 0.10, p = 0.043). Secondly, PB is
influenced by EK (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) EC (β = 0.03, p = 0.076) and PI (β
= 0.12, p < 0.001). Thirdly, PI is also influenced by EK (β = 0.46, p
< 0.001) and EC (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Moreover, EK positively
impacted EC (β = 0.613, p < 0.001). Finally, EK, EC and PI had a
significant mediating effect between OA and PB. The results showed that
total effect (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), direct effect (β = 0.07, p <
0.009), and total indirect effect (β = 0.11, p < 0.001) were significant,
the mediating effect accounted for 62.5% of the total effect.

Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of OA as a
potential driver for promoting PI and PB, which helps to protect the
environment. We suggest attracting more people to participate in outdoor
activities and increasing environmental education to promote PI and PB. In
addition, people do need some environmental knowledge to act in a
pro-environmental way, but some research has also pointed that too detailed
and technical knowledge may have the opposite effect. Moreover, some studies
have found that pro-environmental values have no influence over off-trail
walking behavior and PI were not associated with PB in snow-sport based on
value–action gap. Therefore, more studies on different types of outdoor
activities should be conducted in the future.
A004: Promoting Interventions for Physical Activity in Healthy Older
Adults: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Qian , Hsu Chengli , Dong Kuan , Tian Jing , Liu Xiaolei
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the
promotion effects of various types of interventions on physical activity in
healthy older adults, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the
development of physical activity intervention programs.

METHODS: As of April 2023, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical
activity interventions for healthy older adults in CNKI, Web of Science,
Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO SPORT Discus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database
databases were searched and screened. The obtained literature was imported
into EndNoteX9.1 software, and the titles and abstracts of the literature
were initially screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,
and then the full texts of the initially included literature were collected
and screened. Finally, the Cochrane 5.1.0 risk of bias assessment tool was
used for quality assessment, and Review Manager software was used for
combining effect sizes, testing for heterogeneity, subgroup analyses, and
the generation of funnel plots.

RESULTS: 11 RCTs of good methodological quality were included in the 27,785
texts, with samples from eight countries, totaling 1,613 participants. The
study found that post-intervention step counts (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20 -
0.54; I2 =0%; p < 0.0001) and MVPA (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.48; I2
=40%; p = 0.0002), MPA (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: -0.54 - 1.18; I2 =89%; p=0.47),
and TPA (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI: -0.32 - 0.78; I2 =73%; p=0.42) significantly
improved. No significant effects were observed on secondary outcomes,
including bodyweight, waist circumference, BMI, fat mass, lean body mass,
quality of life, and grip strength. Additionally, separate subgroup analyses
were performed for steps and MVPA, and although the differences between
groups did not reach significance, a consistent trend was observed. This
suggests that the effect of the intervention is related to whether the
intervention is based on the theory, strategy, tools, BCT combination used,
and the duration of the intervention.

CONCLUSION: The intervention improved physical activity in healthy older
adults. Specifically, programs developed based on theory, with a period of
up to 3 months, using combined cognitive-behavioral strategies,
technological aids, and a combination of more than 3 BCTs were more
effective in the practical application of promoting physical activity in
healthy older adults.
A041: Experimental Study on Influence of PE Creative Teaching on Physical
Health and Interest of Students
Authors: Zhen Li , Xiao Niu , Yong Liu , Jusoh Normah Binti , Chunmei Lan
Published: January 2025

Research Objective: The study aimed to verify the influence of
a new teaching mode, namely creative PE teaching mode, on physical health
and interest in sports learning of primary school students.

Research Method: From March, 2002 to June, 2002, 1210 students
from grade three to five in 32 primary schools in Chongqing participated in
this study, including 550 boys and 660 girls. The creative PE teaching mode
was adopted for participating students for 16 weeks. Before and after the
intervention, the students’ physical health test of China and the physical
learning interest scale of primary school students were used to evaluate
students’ physical health scores and sports learning interest. Paired
samples T-tests were adopted to verify the differences in participants’
physical health and interest in physical education before and after the
intervention.

Research Results: In terms of physical health scores, scores of
the height (T = 2.67, p < 0.05), weight (T = 2.51, p < 0.05), Sit and
Reach (T = 4.61, p < 0.05) and one-minute rope-skipping (T = 7.0, p <
0.05) of third-grade students after the intervention were significantly
higher than those before the intervention. Scores of 50-meter running (T =
-0.26, p < 0.05), one-minute rope-skipping (T = 6.0, p < 0.05) and
sit-ups (T = 8.0, p < 0.05) of four-grade students after the intervention
were significantly higher than those before the experiment. Scores of Sit
and Reach (T = 6.27, p < 0.05), one-minute rope-skipping (T = 3.0, p <
0.05) and sit-ups (T = 9.0, p < 0.05) of five-grade students after the
intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention.
In terms of sports learning interest, all participants’ interest in sports
learning after the intervention were significantly higher than that before
the intervention (T = 5.06, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Creative PE teaching can effectively improve both
physical health and learning interests of primary school students. It is
suggested that PE teachers in primary and middle schools actively explore
and try creative PE teaching modes.
A044: Shanghai Sanlinqiao Sports and Culture Park: Contradictions and
Breakthroughs
Authors: Zhao Shuchen
Published: January 2025

Background: As an important foundation for the high-quality development of
the sports industry, the integrated sports service complex, centered on
sports services and relying on urban spatial resources, gathers multiple
industry elements and functions as a sports consumption hub. The Shanghai
Sanlinqiao Sports and Culture Park, as a typical example of transforming old
factories into an integrated sports service complex, plays a significant
role in enhancing consumer experiences and gains, promoting reasonable urban
spatial layout, and supporting the high-quality development of the sports
industry. This paper focused on its developmental dilemmas, delved into the
reasons, and proposed strategies.

Methods: Literature review, case study, and field survey methods were
employed. By reviewing literature related to the high-quality development of
the sports industry and conducting empirical research on the Shanghai
Sanlinqiao Sports and Culture Park, this study aimed to integrate theory
with practice.

Results: The development of the Shanghai Sanlinqiao Sports and Culture Park
has not met expectations, with the following issues identified: (1)
Significant income disparity within the sports industry, with about a
quarter of sports enterprises shutting down. (2) Wastage of community
resources, with homogenization of sports products and services mainly
focusing on youth sports training and a lack of public sports facilities.
(3) The ineffectiveness of the "Sports+" initiative, with weak leisure and
entertainment attributes, unrealized sports culture enterprises, unexpanded
health services, and average foot traffic in businesses and dining
establishments.

Conclusion: The main reasons for these issues are: (1) The strong skill
attribute of sports and the specificity of the consumer group, combined with
the homogenization of sports service content, leads to further loss of foot
traffic. (2) The time and space specificity of sports consumption, where
direct consumption is not possible during the exercise process. Solutions
include: (1) Increasing government support, introducing leading sports
enterprises, offering specialized sports products and services, creating
exclusive brands, and revitalizing the regional economy through market
operations. (2) Developing a full industry chain serving sports, optimizing
the industry mix, expanding consumption scenarios, and boosting consumption.
(3) Utilizing locational advantages to strengthen community service
functions and implementing the construction concept of "developing sports
interests, supporting physical vitality, experiencing cultural charm, and
making friends" effectively.
A047: Research on the Structure and Scale of Service Quality of Sports
Park
Authors: Xu Liping , Yin Zhihua , Wang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Since the "14th Five-Year Plan" period,
with the vigorous promotion of China and the provincial and municipal
governments, the number of sports parks has shown a continuous positive
trend of growth. While accelerating the construction progress, how to
improve the service quality of sports parks should become the primary issue
that needs to be solved to promote the sustainable and healthy development
of sports parks. Therefore, based on the perspective of public demand, this
study formed a scientific assessment scale by exploring the specific content
structure contained in the service quality of sports parks, to promote the
high-quality development of sports parks in China.

Methods: Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, service
quality evaluation theory, new public service theory and other theoretical
bases, this paper comprehensively applied mixed methods research to conduct
in-depth interviews with 23 experts and formed the sports park service
quality structure model with NVivo software. To verify the reliability and
validity of the service quality evaluation system of sports parks, 700
people in China were investigated by questionnaire and statistics.

Results: 1) Based on the rooted theory and from the perspective
of public perception, a structural model of sports park service quality was
constructed, including five dimensions of tangibility, reliability,
assurance, responsiveness, and empathy. There are 34 dimensions, 43 concepts
and 173 sentences, including location and transportation convenience, health
environment quality, ecological landscape resources, park guiding sign
setting, park characteristic brand construction, the perfection of sports
facilities and the richness of sports events. 2) In the stage of verifying
the rationality and validity of the sports park service quality evaluation
scale, a reasonably structured, scientific, and standardized sports park
service quality evaluation system was formed by sending questionnaires
online twice. Following the procedures of project analysis, exploratory
factor analysis, reliability and validity tests, and confirmatory factor
analysis based on structural equation model were performed. The model
contained a total of 34 items in 5 dimensions, that is, 10 items in
tangibility, 7 items in reliability, 5 items in responsiveness, 7 items in
assurance and 5 items in empathy.

Conclusion: In the future, China needs to continue to
strengthen research on sports parks, form a more accurate sports park
service quality assessment system, and promote and apply it nationwide to
more accurately meet the needs of Chinese people for health promotion,
sports fitness, leisure, and entertainment.
A005: Progress in Sports Rehabilitation for Adolescent Idiopathic
Scoliosis
Authors: Cao Wei , Qi Wei , Liu Dandan , Qian Zhenyu , Sun Mingyun
Published: January 2025

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has become the third leading
"killer" of the health of Chinese adolescents, following obesity and myopia.
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, usually
characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine accompanied by rotation.
The diagnostic criterion is a Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees on X-ray.
With the promotion of the concept of "exercise is good medicine" and the
Healthy China strategy, exercise therapy has received attention and
development.

Purpose: To summarize different sports rehabilitation methods for adolescents
with idiopathic scoliosis worldwide with the hope to raise awareness of
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and explore sports rehabilitation methods.
This will facilitate physical therapists in incorporating effective methods
into their practice to improve the new sports rehabilitation methods for
adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: Comparative analysis of current exercise rehabilitation methods for
scoliosis using literature review and logical analysis.

Results: The main sports rehabilitation treatment for idiopathic scoliosis in
China is the traditional rehabilitation treatment of Chinese medicine
(including Chinese massage, Chinese bone-setting technique, and traditional
health exercises), the scoliosis specific exercise therapy recognized by the
SOSORT (Germany Schroth therapy, Spain BSPTS therapy, Poland DoboMed
therapy, UK Side shift therapy, France Lyon therapy, Italy SEAS therapy,
Poland FITS therapy); There are also methods that are not classified but
play a positive role in the treatment of scoliosis, such as yoga, traction
therapy, core stability training and other exercise therapy methods.
Different exercise therapies have their own advantages and disadvantages and
indications in the treatment of scoliosis. It is probable that exercise
therapy has positive effects on the treatment of adolescent idiopathic
scoliosis.

Conclusion: Although currently there are multiple sports rehabilitation
methods, no single exercise can completely correct scoliosis. At present,
multiple exercise therapy is used in the clinical treatment of scoliosis,
but there’s insufficient medical evidence for the correlation, principle and
efficacy of the method. In the future, with the development of sports
medicine and technological advancements, exercise therapy may be more widely
applied in the treatment of scoliosis, aiming to improve the rehabilitation
effect and patient quality of life. It is necessary for relevant scientific
research institutions and personnel to increase the research investment and
innovation of relevant treatment methods, and more studies are needed to
further explore the mechanism of effect of exercise.
A053: The Immediate Effects of Cognitively Engaged Physical Activity on
Academic Performance of Children
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Hu Liang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: In order to change the status quo of
children's low levels of physical activity due to excessive academic
pressure, a large number of studies have explored the improvement of
children's academic performance through physical activity interventions
without increasing the burden of learning. With the depth of the studies,
the focus has been shifted from the quantitative (exercise time, intensity,
and frequency) to the qualitative (e.g., type of exercise), and the
cognitive stimulation hypothesis has proposed that the cognitive engagement
during exercise has a better facilitating effect on children's academic
performance, but there is no consistent definition of cognitive engagement
in physical activity. Investigating the effects of different types of
cognitive engagement on academic performance not only enriches the body of
results in the field of research, but also provides a new avenue of physical
activity for students in compulsory schooling.

Method: 198 third grade students (M/F=132/110, age=9.42) were
recruited and randomized into physical activity intervention conditions of 2
different intensities (high and low intensity) and 3 different types of
cognitive engagement (math engagement, skill engagement, and math + skill
engagement) on a class-by-class basis. Academic performance in math was
tested using a modular math test.

Results: Physical activity affected children's math test
performance as indicated by significantly higher math test scores
post-intervention than pre-intervention (F=63.99, p < 0.01), a
significant interaction of test time with intervention intensity (F=8.43, p
< 0.01), a non-significant interaction effect of test time with
intervention type and test time, but a three-way interaction between
intervention intensity and intervention type (F=3.13, p < 0.05).

Conclusion/Discussion: Physical activity with cognitive
engagement improved children's math test performance, with high-intensity.
Mathematically-engaged physical activity had a better promotion effect on
math test performance. The present study found that acute physical activity
improved children's math test performance, that physical activity with
cognitive engagement in subject learning has a better facilitation effect on
subsequence subject learning. Considering this finding, it is recommended
that physical activity that integrates motor learning with academic learning
be organized to further integrate physical education with intellectual
education to achieve a win-win situation for both physical and academic
excellence in schools by promoting children's academic performance.
A054: Research on the Path of Incentive Mechanisms for Improving the
Quality of Physical Education Teaching
Authors: Zhou Luyao , Wang Hongyan
Published: January 2025

Background: Currently, the quality of physical education
teaching in schools is steadily declining. In the process of physical
education teaching, students have a biased understanding of the development
of physical education classes. As the leaders of physical education classes,
physical education teachers should adopt effective teaching methods to
improve the teaching quality of physical education classes. The intervention
method of incentive mechanisms is centered around the purpose of teaching
activities, based on the needs of students, through teachers, transforming
external stimuli such as environment into internal motivation of students.
Therefore, during the teaching process, physical education teachers adopt
appropriate incentive measures at different stages based on teaching
objectives, which is of great significance for improving the quality of
physical education teaching and actively participating in physical education
classes for students.

Research Method: This article mainly adopted an experimental
method to conduct an 8-week comparative experimental study on two classes at
X School. By examining whether incentive mechanisms are used as intervention
measures in the classroom, Class A was the experimental group (using
incentive methods), and Class B was the control group. The study aimed to
investigate the physical health (speed, endurance, cardiovascular function)
and behavioral motivation (frequency of exercise behavior, participation in
exercise, and changes in exercise status) of middle school students. Data
collection and analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0.

Research Results: Through an 8-week comparative experiment,
there was a significant difference between physical health and behavioral
motivation in the experimental group, while there was no significant
difference between physical health and behavioral motivation in the control
group. Through an 8-week comparative experiment, compared to the control
group, the physical health of the experimental group increased
significantly, with significant changes in speed, endurance, and
cardiovascular function (P=-2.695, T=0.012; P=-2.196, T=0.037; P=-6.652,
T=0.000); Compared to the control group, there were significant changes in
the behavioral motivation of the experimental group, including the frequency
of exercise behavior, enthusiasm for participating in exercise, and changes
in exercise status (P=2.235, T=0.034; P=4.751, T=0.000; P=2.647, T=0.013),
all of which showed significant changes.

Discussion: Compared with traditional physical education
teaching, adopting appropriate incentive methods can stimulate students'
learning motivation, encourage them to show their individuality, and
actively participate in physical education teaching during the process of
sports, thereby improving the quality of physical education teaching and
laying a solid foundation for lifelong physical education.
A055: The Relationship Between Grip Strength and Quality of Life in the
Elderly Based
Authors: Meng Fanhao
Published: January 2025

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched
the "Decade of Healthy Ageing" from 2021 to 2030 to address the challenges
of a rapidly ageing global population. The extension of human lifespan is a
manifestation of social progress, but aging and increased longevity may be
accompanied by problems such as reduced physical and mental abilities and
increased risk of diseases, which affects quality of life (QOL). Grip as an
indicator of strength and is associated with physical activity in older
adults. It is readily applicable in clinical and community settings, and
there is an association between grip strength and health-related quality of
life, but the evidence for the strength of the association is inconsistent.
Currently, there is no consensus on the threshold value of grip strength in
older adults. The purpose of this study was to study the dose-effect
relationship between grip strength and quality of life in the elderly, and
to explore modifiable factors affecting quality of life in the elderly, so
as to provide effective theoretical basis for realizing healthy aging.

Methods: A total of 105 elderly people over 60 years old were
selected from 3 communities in Beijing. Grip strength was measured by
hand-held grip-o-meter and quality of life was assessed by SF-36 scale.
Based on controlling confounding factors, the dose-effect relationship
between grip strength and quality of life was analyzed with the restricted
cubic spline model.

Result: The results showed that there was a dose-effect
relationship between grip strength level and physiological content score (P < 0.01). Increased grip strength levels helped
improve quality of life in older adults; however, grip strength was not
significantly associated with mental health (P > 0.05).
When grip strength was lower than 27.7 KG (50th percentile), with the
increase of the grip strength level, the physiological content comprehensive
score of the elderly increased faster. When the total physical activity was
greater than 27.7 KG, the improvement of the comprehensive physiological
content score of the elderly slowed down.

Conclusion: The findings help to understand the relationship
between quality of life and grip strength in older adults and provides a
reference for formulating policies to promote healthy aging. The maintenance
of grip strength above 27.7 KG may help delay the decline of quality of life
in the elderly and can be used as a reference index to evaluate the physical
health of the elderly.
A058: The Impact of Multi-Directional Training on Change-of-Direction
Speed and Short-Distance Sprint Ability in Tennis Student-Athletes
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhao Yue , Zhou Zhihui , Wu Haijun
Published: January 2025

Objective: Tennis, characterized by rapid multi-directional sprints, involves
lateral movements along the baseline constituting approximately 70% of
gameplay, with each single movement covering around 3 meters. On average,
there are 2-4 direction changes per point, and each stroke requires 0.4
seconds. Recognizing the imperative need for tennis players to rapidly
change direction and execute short-distance sprints, influenced by factors
like the ball's trajectory, opponent's movements or disguise movements, this
study aimed to investigate the impact of three weeks of multi-directional
sprint training on the change-of-direction speed and short-distance sprint
ability of tennis student-athletes.

Methods: Nineteen male tennis athletes with an ITN5 level or above from
Beijing Sport University, with no lower limb injuries or surgery history in
the past six months, were randomly assigned to the multi-directional sprint
training group (RR group, 9 subjects) and the fixed-route multi-directional
sprint training group (FR group, 10 subjects). Independent sample t-tests
for height, weight, age, and ITN level indicated no significant differences
between the two groups (P > 0.05). Utilizing equipment such as the
Agility Training Instrument, SmartSpeed, high-speed cameras, and marked
buckets, the study conducted multi-directional sprint training in a 3x3 m
experimental area. Training modes included: (1) sequentially passing through
the fixed training route of the sensor panel, and (2) random signal-directed
directional movement training. The experimental intervention comprised three
stages: (1) First week: 15 sessions = 3 times × 5 sets; (2) Second week: 20
sessions = 4 times × 5 sets; (3) Third week: 25 sessions = 5 times × 5 sets.
Spider Run and T-drill tests were conducted before and after the
intervention to assess change-of-direction speed, along with a 5m straight
sprint test to evaluate short-distance sprint ability.

Results: The Shapiro-Wilk (S-W) test confirmed that each group's data
followed a normal distribution, with no differences in various indicators
between the RR and FR groups before the intervention. Data analysis revealed
significantly higher Spider Run, T-drill, and 5m straight sprint scores in
both groups after the intervention compared to pre-intervention (P <
0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in
improving change-of-direction speed and straight sprint ability test scores
(P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Three weeks of multi-directional sprint training effectively
enhanced the change-of-direction speed and short-distance straight sprint
ability of tennis student-athletes.
A006: Liver Function and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in
Patients with Sarcopenia
Authors: Chen Keyang
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become
increasingly prevalent as one of the most common chronic liver diseases
worldwide. Sarcopenia, defined by the decline in muscle mass, power,
strength, and performance, has been linked to NAFLD in recent
epidemiological research, although findings have been inconclusive. This
meta-analysis aimed to consolidate and determine the impact of sarcopenia on
liver function, as well as the occurrence and severity of NAFLD in
individuals with sarcopenia.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed,
Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science were
searched up to November 20, 2023. Relevant data from the identified articles
were extracted and subjected to quality and risk of bias assessment.
Meta-analysis was performed utilizing random-effect models.

Results: Twenty-two articles were utilized for the analysis. Individuals with
sarcopenia exhibited elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
(SMD = 0.131, 95% CI: 0.039-0.224) and serum aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) (SMD = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.043-0.124) compared to healthy control groups.
Furthermore, a significantly increased risk of NAFLD (OR=1.538; 95% CI:
1.355-1.744) and notable fibrosis related to NAFLD (OR=1.611; 95% CI:
1.406-1.846) was observed in sarcopenia patients.

Conclusion/Discussion: The serum levels of both ALT and AST were found to be
elevated in individuals with sarcopenia compared to those in the normal
population. Additionally, sarcopenia patients had a higher risk of
developing NAFLD, and NAFLD-associated significant fibrosis. In contrast to
earlier research, this study incorporated the most recent findings and was
the first to investigate potential differences in serum ALT and AST level
between sarcopenia patients and healthy control groups. The remaining
results aligned with previous studies. These findings emphasize the
significance of routine monitoring of liver function in patients with
sarcopenia and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to investigate
the potential causal relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD.
A062: Experimental Research of Impact of Large-Unit Soccer Teaching on
Elementary School Students' Physical Health
Authors: Zhao Yin , Shao Ziming
Published: January 2025

Objective: The "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards:
Physical Education and Health(2022 Edition) in China" explicitly proposes
that from grades 3-6, at least one sport from six major specialized sports
skills should be chosen for at least 18 class periods of relatively
systematic and complete teaching, enabling students to not only master the
sports skills of the chosen project but also deepen their comprehensive
experience and understanding of the sport. Long-standing issues in
elementary school football teaching include superficial teaching depth,
isolated and incoherent content, and disconnection between educational
stages. There is an urgent need for physical education teachers to organize
systematic football teaching that is logical, coherent, and integrates the
cultivation of core competencies throughout the entire teaching process.
Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of a large football unit
teaching on the physical fitness levels of elementary school students,
providing a reference for physical education teachers.

Methods: Two homogeneous fifth-grade classes were selected from
an elementary school to serve as the experimental group and the control
group, with the experimental group employing large unit teaching for
football classes and the control group using conventional teaching methods.
Each class had 40 students, totaling 80 students. Lung capacity,
sit-and-reach, 50-meter dash, 1-minute skipping rope, and 1-minute sit-ups
were selected as test indicators for a teaching experiment conducted over 18
weeks with 3 class periods per week, totaling 54 class periods.

Results: Before the experiment, there were no significant
differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the experiment,
there was a significant difference in "lung capacity" in the control group
(P < 0.05). In the experimental group, "lung capacity," "sit-and-reach,"
"1-minute skipping rope," and "1-minute sit-ups" all showed significant
differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study indicated that a large unit teaching
methods are more effective in improving students' physical fitness levels
compared to conventional teaching methods. It is suggested that large unit
teaching can be implemented in regular football classes to enhance the
physical health levels of elementary school students.
A063: Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal Analysis for College Students'
Attention and Meditation Level in Yoga Courses
Authors: He Zhonghui , Li Fangxin , Qi Xi , Chen Honglin
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: Yoga is associated with psychological and
physiological benefits, including relaxation and increased attention.
Electroencephalograms (EEG) signals reflect the electrical activity of the
brain and transformed Alpha and Beta brainwaves into meditation and
attention values. This study primarily aimed to measure college students’
attention and meditation level in yoga courses. The secondary aim was to
explore yoga’s effect on students’ cognitive ability.

METHODS: The study selected two yoga classes in the first
semester of 2023 in an academic university in China. Using convenience
sampling methods, 16 college students who attended yoga courses voluntarily
participated in this study. All learning phases, teaching content, and
course time were maintained the same between the two classes during the
study. Selected yoga poses included one previously learned pose and seven
new poses. Each lesson lasted 90 min with 30-40 min review phase and 40-45
min in the teaching phase. EEG signals were processed during the review
phase and the teaching phase in yoga courses. Collected data were analyzed
by one-way ANOVA tests using R 4.3.1.

RESULTS: For the attention level, EEG signal in the review
phase was (mean ± standard deviation) 48.12±1.40, while that in the teaching
phase was 46.24±2.57. For meditation, EEG signal in the review phase was
50.05±3.41, while that in the teaching phase was 49.37±4.85. The attention
level in the teaching phase was significantly lower than that in the review
phase (F(1,19)=4.68, p < 0.05, η2=0.2). In contrast, for the meditation
level, there was no significant difference between the teaching phase and
the review phase (F(1,19)=0.15, p=0.7, η2=0.008). Among different yoga
poses, there was no significant difference observed in either attention or
meditation.

CONCLUSION: Students’ attention was significantly higher in the
review phase than that in the teaching phase. As the time of two phases was
relatively the same, students may lose their attention when learning new
poses. To enhance class efficiency, the teaching phase is recommended to be
placed before the review phase, as students may have more energy at the
beginning of the class. In addition, including a review practice during the
teaching phase can enhance students’ attention and achieve better
effect.
A065: Analysis of the Prediction of Adolescent Depressive Diseases and
the Mediating Effect of Exercise Factors Based on Basic Census Data
Authors: Lee Qiang , Xu Zhan , Xu Shengyong , Shi Yiling , Zhou Hefeng
Published: January 2025

Objective: By analyzing census databases, we aimed to
understand the correlation between depression and other psychological and
physiological diseases. Further, we expanded our research to the correlation
with physiology, lifestyle habits, and other aspects. At the same time, we
attempted to use artificial intelligence methods to predict the risk of
depression, obtain relevant models, and derive depression.

Methods: Data from census databases were used in this research.
Traditional data analysis methods were used for basic quantitative analysis,
and highly correlated data with depression was selected for prediction model
building.

Results: (1) Analysis showed a significant correlation between
depression and other diseases such as anxiety and hyperactivity disorder
(=0.535, 0.231, 0.284; p < 0.01). Besides, physiological and life-related
issues may become the cause of depression. The prediction model established
through big data can better predict and detect depressive tendencies. (2)
There was a positive correlation between adolescent living standards and
depressive psychology (r > 0.85, r > 0.87). Exercise levels and
dietary levels were mediating variables between adolescent living standards
and depressive psychology, with the mediating effect accounting for 33.6% of
the total effect.

Conclusion: Physiological trauma, personality traits, and
lifestyle habits of close relationships among adolescents may become factors
that trigger psychological disorders in adolescents. Teenagers' exercise and
dietary levels play a mediating role between their living standards and
depressive psychology.
A066: Differences in Body Stability During Continuous Turning in Older
and Younger Adults
Authors: Bo Yulong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The deterioration of body stability with
age remains an area of interest, particularly in the context of continuous
turning during walking among older adults. This study aimed to describe the
characteristics of body stability during continuous turning in older and
younger individuals, as well as identify potential risk factors, providing a
theoretical basis for fall prevention in older adults during continuous
turning.

Methods: Fifteen older adults (mean age 69.58 ± 3.84 years) and
fifteen younger individuals (mean age 23.93 ± 1.14 years) were recruited
from the community. Participants were asked to walk around an 8-shaped
continuous turning path (diameter of 1.66m) at their habitual walking speed.
Measurements of step width and dynamic stability in the anterior-posterior
direction (MoSap) and medial-lateral direction (MoSml) were collected using
the dominant leg (right leg) as both the inner and outer leg to evaluate
body stability. Step width was standardized using height. Independent sample
t-tests were used for data analysis.

Results: When the dominant leg served as the inner leg during
turning, the older group showed a significant increase in step width
compared to the younger group (Older group: 0.057 ± 0.030 times height,
Younger group: 0.035 ± 0.021 times height, P = 0.035). When the dominant leg
served as the outer leg during turning, the older group exhibited a
significant increase in medial-lateral dynamic stability at the moments when
the inner leg left the ground (Older group MoSml: -4.65 ± 2.66 cm, Younger
group MoSml: -7.26 ± 2.89 cm, P = 0.02) and touched the ground (Older group
MoSml: -19.98 ± 7.36 cm, Younger group MoSml: -27.70 ± 6.34 cm, P =
0.005).

Conclusion: Older adults adopted a strategy of increasing step
width when using the dominant leg as the inner leg during continuous turning
to enhance body stability. When the dominant leg served as the outer leg
during continuous turning, older adults demonstrated increased stability at
the moments when the inner leg leaves and touches the ground.
A069: People with Chronic Ankle Instability Sacrifice Sports Performance
to Reduce Injury Risk in Dual Tasks
Authors: Gao He , Liu Yanhao , Shen Peixin , Song Qipeng
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The people with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit
intricate neurophysiological changes, particularly evident during dual-task
(DT) perturbations, reflecting altered movement strategies. However, there
is limited and conflicting information regarding the relationship of sports
performance and risk of injury among people with CAI in DT conditions. The
purpose of this study was to compare the difference of sports performance
and injury risk among people with and without chronic ankle CAI when
performing 45° side-cutting in single task (ST) and DT conditions.

Methods: Forty participants were recruited into CAI (n=20, age:
21.4±1.3years, height: 175.7±8.6cm, body mass: 71.7±12.4kg) or non-CAI
(n=20, age: 21.1±2.0years, height: 176.2±7.7cm, body mass: 70.1±11.2kg)
groups. Each participant completed five side-cutting trials in both ST (sole
side-cutting) and DT (side-cutting combined with random three-digit minus
three calculations) conditions. Kinematic data was recorded by a
twelve-camera motion capture system at 100Hz. The ankle's maximum (max)
inversion angle and velocity of center of gravity (COG) during the
side-cutting phase were calculated. Two-factor ANOVA test with repeated
measures was used for data analysis.

Results: Significant interactions were detected in ankle's max inversion
angle (p < 0.001, η2p=0.346) and COG velocity (p < 0.001, η2p=0.304).
Compared with ST, people with and without CAI both showed a reduced ankle's
max inversion angle (CAI: ST: 24.3±1.6°, DT: 18.8±1.6°, p < 0.001,
d=4.11; non-CAI: ST: 27.1±1.6°, DT: 25.8±1.7°, p=0.05, d=0.77) and decreased
COG velocity (CAI: ST: 2.5±0.1m/s, DT: 2.1±0.1m/s, p < 0.001, d=0.77;
non-CAI: ST: 2.6±0.1m/s, DT: 2.5±0.1m/s, p < 0.001, d=1.43) under DT. The
ankle's max inversion angle (CAI: ST: 24.3±1.6°, DT: 18.8±1.6°, p <
0.001, d=4.11; non-CAI: ST: 27.1±1.6°, DT: 25.8±1.7°, p=0.05, d=0.77) and
COG velocity (CAI: ST: 2.5±0.1 m/s; DT: 2.1±0.1m/s, p < 0.001, d=0.77;
non-CAI: ST: 2.6±0.1m/s, DT: 2.5±0.1m/s, p < 0.001, d=1.43) of people
with CAI was lower than those without CAI under DT.

Conclusion: The ankle's max inversion angle and COG velocity of people with
CAI was lower than those without CAI under DT. Individuals with CAI
sacrifice sports performance to reduce injury risk in DT.
A007: Neuromuscular Factors Affecting Lower Extremity Explosive Strength
of Male Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Li Yanjin , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the neural and muscular factors affecting the
explosive power of the lower limbs in college athletes by testing the
neuromuscular function (H reflex) and explosive performance of male
sprinting and long jump athletes.

Methods: H-reflex, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and one
repetition maximum(1RM) tests were performed on male track and field college
athletes using electromyography evoked potential and three-dimensional
dynamometer. Test data of Hmax/Mmax, H-index, peak countermovement jump
force and vertical stiffness of male college athletes were obtained. The
Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship
between neuromuscular function and explosive performance in male sprint and
long jump athletes.

Results: H-index was significantly and positively correlated (r=0.65, p＜0.05)
with rate of force development(RFD); Hmax/Mmax was not significantly
correlated with RFD and reactive strength index-modified(RSImod)in male
athletes. CMJ peak force was significantly correlated with RFD (r=0.83, p
＜0.01) and RSImod (r=0.85 , p ＜0.01) were significantly and positively
correlated. Vertical stiffness was significantly and positively correlated
with RFD (r=0.64, p＜0.05) and RSImod (r=0.73, p＜0.05).1RM, eccentric
utilization ratio (EUR) was not significantly correlated with RFD and
RSImod.

Conclusion: The neuromuscular factors affecting explosive lower limb strength
in male collegiate athletes were H-index, CMJ peak force, and vertical
stiffness. These results suggest that athletes who performed better in
explosive strength showed faster nerve conduction velocity, greater lower
limb muscle strength and vertical stiffness. There was also a strong
correlation between lower limb muscle strength and nerve conduction velocity
and vertical stiffness.