bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Tumor-Suppressive, Antioxidant Effects and Molecular Binding Affinity of Quercetin-Loaded Selenium Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Abdul-Razek Nosibah , Khalil Rehab G. , Abdel-Latif Mahmoud , Kamel Mahmoud M. , Alhazza Ibrahim M. , Awad Ezzat M. , Ebaid Hossam , Abuelsaad Abdelaziz S. A.
Published: December 2024

In 2023, breast cancer is expected to have nearly 2 million new cases, making it the second most common cancer overall and the most prevalent among women. Multidrug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy; however, quercetin, a natural flavonoid, helps combat this issue. The goal of the current investigation is to determine the impact of a novel composite of quercetin and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in order to enhance quercetin’s tumor-suppressive action and decrease selenium (Se) toxicity. Particle size, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, UV–VIS spectroscopy, and EDX were used to characterize quercetin-selenium nanoparticles (Que-SeNPs), in addition to evaluation of the antioxidant, apoptotic, and anticancer properties. Moreover, autophagy (Atg-13) protein receptors and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint were targeted using molecular docking modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the interaction stability between Que-SeNPs and three targets: PDL-1, PD-1, and Atg-13HORMA domain. Que-SeNPs, synthesized with quercetin, were stable, semi-spherical (80–117 nm), and had a zeta potential of − 37.8 mV. They enhanced cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and apoptosis compared to quercetin alone in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Docking simulations showed strong binding to the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint and Atg-13HORMA protein receptors. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the behavior of the PD-L1 intriguing insights into its structural dynamics, therefore, suggesting a stable phase where the complex is adjusting to the simulation environment. The present data confirmed that the stable formula of Que-SeNPs is cytotoxic, antioxidant, and has a potential activity to increase apoptosis in breast cancer cells, with the potential to inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 and Atg-13 proteins.

Graphical Abstract

Role of Que-SeNPs on breast cancer cells in vitro against two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.
Eye yoga for glaucoma: recovery of vascular dysregulation and visual field function—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Wanshu , Fricke Luisa , Sabel Bernhard A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Because stress can aggravate vascular dysregulation (VD) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), stress reduction by eye yoga (EY) was studied if this predictive, preventive, and personalized medical (3PM) approach could help normalize intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal vessel dynamics, and visual fields (VF).

Patients and methods

POAG patients were randomized to an EY (n = 15) or control group (n = 12). EY was practiced daily for 1 h for 1 month at home using an iPod-audio guide while control patients read relaxing books daily.

Results

After intervention, EY patients, but not controls, showed a 6.4% IOP reduction (p = 0.027) and had significant VF improvements (p < 0.001). After EY, pattern deviation recovered in VF regions where small microvessels showed reduced vasoconstriction (artery: p = 0.012; vein: p = 0.042) and improved mean artery diameter recovered significantly (p = 0.015). When pooling data of both groups, recovered VF regions, but not non-recovered fields, showed significantly larger arterial diameter gains (2.4 [− 0.3–5.3] MU) with no adverse events.

Conclusions and 3PM recommendations.

Because EY reduces vasoconstriction and improves VF function in POAG, we propose the “eye ball retraction theory,” whereby ocular muscle tension is induced by mental stress which is a contributing mechanism, or even the key mechanism, of POAG. Reducing stress by relaxation is therefore a remedy for it improves blood flow as the fundamental mechanism of vision recovery and restoration. VD reduction is therefore a valuable therapeutic target for glaucoma care and eye yoga home exercises are a safe and effective complementary 3PM method of POAG care.
Review of Optical Fiber Optofluidic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors
Authors: Gao Shuai , Yang Xinyu , Wang Shengjia , Chu Chu , Teng Pingping , Tian Fengjun , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhihai , Yang Xinghua
Published: December 2024

Optical fiber sensors have gained significant attention in recent years owing to their remarkable advantages of remote operation and rapid response. The integration of optical fiber sensing with the microfluidics technology has paved the way for the establishment of optical fiber optofluidic sensing. Optical fiber optofluidic systems possess the advantages of the low invasiveness, compact structure, excellent biocompatibility, and the ability to handle small analyte volumes, rendering them particularly suitable for serving as chemical sensors and biosensors. In this paper, we present an in-depth overview of optical fiber optofluidic chemical sensors and biosensors. Firstly, we provide a comprehensive summary of the types of optical fibers commonly employed in optofluidic chemical and biosensing, elucidating their distinct attributes and performance characteristics. Subsequently, we introduce and thoroughly analyze several representative sensing mechanisms employed in optical fiber optofluidic systems and main performance parameters. Furthermore, this review delves into the modification and functionalization of optical fibers. Additionally, we showcase typical biosensing and chemical sensing applications to demonstrate the practicality and versatility of optical fiber optofluidic sensing. Finally, the conclusion and outlook are given.
Epidemiology and early predictors of Fabry nephropathy: evaluation of long-term outcomes from a national Fabry centre
Authors: Mannan Fahmida , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Wiltshire Ryan , Hansel Jan , Stepien Karolina M. , Sharma Reena , Wilcox Gisela , McCarron Eamon , Kalra Philip A. , Jovanovic Ana
Published: December 2024

Background

Fabry disease is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder, whereby the accumulation of sphingolipids consequently leads to kidney structural damage and dysfunction. We explored the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with Fabry disease at a major UK referral centre in Greater Manchester serving over 7 million people, to inform early predictors of kidney disease and possible treatment planning.

Methods

Data were sourced from the electronic records of registered participants from November 2020 to February 2022 of adults diagnosed with Fabry disease, with at least 1 year of follow-up. Four hundred and five participants (female = 223, male = 182) met the initial eligibility criteria. Our study focused on identifying factors linked to incident CKD, with 395 evaluable individuals undergoing outcome analysis over a median of 6.4 years.

Results

Findings concluded that 60.5% of participants received disease-modifying treatments, 29.7% experienced non-fatal cardiovascular events, 3.3% developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and 7.3% died. Men had higher use of disease modifying therapy, progression to ESKD requiring kidney replacement therapy, cardiovascular events, and mortality compared to women. Subgroup analysis over 9 years revealed that older age, cardiovascular history, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor use, and higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) were predictors of faster estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and increased mortality. At baseline, 47.8% of 249 patients with uACR data had CKD, and 25.4% of the remaining individuals developed CKD during follow-up, associated with higher uACR and lower, albeit normal eGFR levels.

Conclusion

Over 60% of Fabry disease patients are at lifetime risk of developing CKD, with a substantial risk of mortality, even with initially normal uACR and eGFR values.

Graphical abstract
An Introduction to Energy Economics and Policy
Authors: Filippini Massimo , Srinivasan Suchita
Published: December 2024

Energy economics and policy are at the heart of current debates regarding climate change and the switch from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy. They are also crucial in dealing with energy supply and security issues caused by global shocks such as the war in Ukraine. An Introduction to Energy Economics and Policy outlines pressing issues concerning current global energy systems, particularly energy production and use. It presents economic frameworks for valuating policy goals and for understanding the major energy and climate challenges faced by industrialized and developing countries. Integrating insights from behavioural economics into the standard neoclassical approach, particularly the role of behavioural anomalies, this book offers a novel introduction to energy economics and policy and provides a fresh perspective on real-world issues in energy and climate. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Contesting Pluralism(s)
Authors: Fisher-Onar Nora
Published: December 2024

Contesting Pluralism(s) challenges a widespread tendency to limit studies of Turkish – and Muslim – politics to 'Islamist vs. secularist' or 'Islam vs. democracy' debates. Instead, Nora Fisher-Onar's innovative argument centers on coalitions for and against pluralism. Retelling Turkey's story from the late Ottoman Empire to the present as a tale of pluralizing vs. anti-pluralist coalitions, this book offers an alternative explanation for major outcomes from elections and coup d'etats to revolutions. Here, cross-camp alliances pit those who are willing to coexist with 'Other(s)' against those who champion a unitary, national project in which everyone speaks, believes, looks, and loves as they do. Drawing on a rich array of primary and secondary data, Fisher-Onar introduces an analytical framework for capturing causal complexity in political contestation. This study rejects Orientalist exceptionalism, rereading the relationship between political religion, pluralism, and populism via a framework that travels across and beyond the Muslim-majority world.
Impulse-driven release of gas-encapsulated drops
Authors: Bokman Guillaume T. , Biasiori-Poulanges Luc , Lukić Bratislav , Schmidmayer Kevin , Bourquard Claire , Baumann Enea , Rack Alexander , Olson Britton J. , Supponen Outi
Published: December 2024

Gas-encapsulated drops, much like antibubbles, are drops enclosed in a bubble within a liquid. They show potential as payload carriers in fluid transport and mixing techniques where sound waves can be leveraged to induce the collapse of the gas core and the subsequent release of the drop. Here, the interaction of millimetre-sized gas-encapsulated drops with impulsive laser-induced shock waves is investigated to gain fundamental insights into the release process. Experimental synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging, which allows the drop dynamics to be visualised inside the encapsulating bubble, is complemented by numerical simulations to study the intricate physics at play. Three drop dynamical release regimes are discovered, namely the drop impact, partial deposition and jet impact regimes. The regime type is mainly dependent on the shape of the bubble interface impacting the drop and the associated Weber and Reynolds numbers. The drop dynamics of the drop impact and partial deposition regimes show similarities with the canonical configuration of drops impacting flat liquid surfaces, whereas the jet impact regime resembles binary drop collisions, which allows existing scaling laws to be applied to describe the underlying processes. The release of the drop is investigated numerically. The time evolution of the drop dissemination within the surrounding liquid discloses enhanced mixing for dynamics involving high Weber and Reynolds numbers such as the drop impact and jet impact regimes.
Wave packets in laminar supersonic flow over an axisymmetric compression corner
Authors: Exposito D.
Published: December 2024

The problem of axisymmetric supersonic laminar flow separation over a compression corner has not been considered within the framework of triple-deck theory for several decades, despite significant advances in both theoretical methods and numerical techniques. In this study, we revisit the problem considered by Gittler & Kluwick (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 179, 1987, pp. 469–487), using the numerical method of Ruban (Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki, vol. 18, issue 5, 1978, pp. 1253–1265) and Cassel et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 300, 1995, pp. 265–285), termed the Ruban–Cassel method (RCM). The solution shows good agreement with the results of Gittler & Kluwick (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 179, 1987, pp. 469–487) for a scale external radius of 1 and scale angles from 1 to 6. However, for scale angles above 6.8, a wave packet appears. This wave packet is similar to that reported by Cassel et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 300, 1995, pp. 265–285) for two-dimensional supersonic flow. As the external scale radius increases (from 1 to 10), the axisymmetric solution converges towards the two-dimensional solution for equivalent scale angle values. For a scale external radius of 10, the wave packet appears at a scale angle of 3.8, compared with the value of 3.9 by Cassel et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 300, 1995, pp. 265–285). Inspection of the velocity profiles reveals that inflection points, while ubiquitous in shear flow, do not seem to play a relevant role in the appearance of the wave packet for the axisymmetric flow. Axisymmetric effects become more important as the scale external radius decreases below 0.5. A larger scale angle is necessary to produce a flow structure equivalent to that of the two-dimensional case. For scale external radius 0.1, the pressure gradient is substantially diminished and the solution is devoid of a second shear-stress minimum.
Capillary lubrication of a spherical particle near a fluid interface
Authors: Jha Aditya , Amarouchene Yacine , Salez Thomas
Published: December 2024

The lubricated motion of an object near a deformable boundary presents striking subtleties arising from the coupling between the elasticity of the boundary and lubricated flow, including but not limited to the emergence of a lift force acting on the object despite the zero Reynolds number. In this study, we characterize the hydrodynamic forces and torques felt by a sphere translating in close proximity to a fluid interface, separating the viscous medium of the sphere's motion from an infinitely more viscous medium. We employ lubrication theory and perform a perturbation analysis in capillary compliance. The dominant response of the interface owing to surface tension results in a long-ranged interface deformation, which leads to a modification of the forces and torques with respect to the rigid reference case, that we characterize in detail with scaling arguments and numerical integrations.
Early maladaptive schemas, depression and anxiety in adolescent psychiatric out-patients
Authors: Ahrnberg Hanna , Lindblom Jallu , Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Karukivi Max
Published: December 2024

Background:

A growing number of studies among adolescents have reported early maladaptive schemas (EMS) to associate with anxiety and depression within non-clinical samples. However, there is a gap of knowledge concerning clinical populations.

Aims:

The current study’s aim was to explore the potential association between EMS domains and anxiety and depressive symptoms within clinical sample of adolescents.

Method:

The current study included 176 adolescent psychiatry out-patients. The EMS domains were measured with the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 2-Extended (YSQ). Their association with anxiety symptoms (the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale) and depressive symptoms (the Beck Depression Inventory II) were analysed with general linear models while controlling for significant confounding factors.

Results:

Depressive symptoms were associated with three of the four EMS domains: Disconnection and Rejection (η2p=0.047, p=0.005), Impaired Autonomy and Performance (η2p=0.074, p<0.001), and Impaired Limits (η2p=0.053, p=0.003). Anxiety symptoms were associated with two EMS domains: Impaired Autonomy and Performance (η2p=0.046, p=0.005) and Excessive Responsibility and Standards (η2p=0.054, p=0.002).

Conclusions:

Various EMS domains were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescent out-patients. Further studies are needed on the effect of EMSs on the treatment outcomes for depression and anxiety.
Machine Listening as Sonification
Authors: Blazsek András
Published: December 2024

Machine listening takes place through sonification. Sound is treated as data by a computer that listens by deconstructing and reconstructing sound. To better explore the aesthetic, relational and ontological aspects of machine listening, this article reflects upon the Fourier analysis, which is vital for machine learning algorithms. It then outlines the listening modes articulated by French composer Pierre Schaeffer and updates them for the new material conditions of contemporary listening. It proposes that a new mode, identified while working with sonification, be added to Schaeffer’s classic array. It explores non-human listening among machines that listen with other concerns beyond the human need to interpret content. Thus, this article makes a particular strategic move: it centres around machine listening, which enables computers to perform analyses of a soundscape, and resynthesis, a mode of sonification that treats sound as data, to reintroduce the ‘sound object’ nature of resynthesised sounds. It looks at sonification through discourse analysis and media archaeology, and gives importance to experiments in art that privilege sensorial and affective dimensions often ignored by scientific approaches. It proposes that thinking about machine listening through sonification can assist in developing sensibilities that are more responsive to the present sonic ecologies between human and non-human listeners.
Investigating preschool-aged chronotype and social jetlag as predictors of early adolescent diet and BMI z-score: an eight-year follow-up from the DAGIS study
Authors: Abdollahi Anna M. , Merikanto Ilona , Vepsäläinen Henna , Li Xinyue , Tilli Emmi , Peltonen Henna , Tillman Ilse , Ray Carola , Björkqvist Josefine , Roos Eva , Lehto Reetta , Erkkola Maijaliisa
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives

Circadian health plays an important role in overall well-being. The objective of this study was to examine whether potential indicators of circadian disruption, such as exhibiting a later chronotype or greater social jetlag, in preschool-age could predict dietary habits or BMI z-scores in an eight-year follow-up.

Subjects/Methods

Our data included 210 children who participated in the DAGIS Survey in 2015–2016 (baseline, mean [SD] age: 4.69 [0.89] years) and DAGIS Next in 2023 (follow-up, age: 12.03 [0.90] years). Chronotype and social jetlag were calculated from baseline sleep measures assessed from 7-day actigraphy. Diet was assessed at follow-up with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, which evaluated the weekly consumption frequency of (1) fruits and vegetables and (2) sugary foods and drinks. BMI z-score based on Finnish growth references was calculated from height and weight measures from baseline and follow-up. Associations were analyzed with linear regression models.

Results

Follow-up BMI z-score was predicted by both preschool-aged chronotype (β-est: 0.22 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.42] p = 0.03) and social jetlag (β-est: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.65], p = 0.04) after covariate adjustment. No associations were observed between preschool-aged chronotype or social jetlag and preadolescent fruit and vegetable or sugary food and drink consumption.

Conclusions

Having a later chronotype and greater social jetlag during preschool age predicted a higher preadolescent weight outcome. Obesity prevention initiatives should include efforts to reduce the risk of circadian disruption among young children, by accounting for chronotype and aiming to reduce social jetlag in interventions.
Designing strong inducible synthetic promoters in yeasts
Authors: Tominaga Masahiro , Shima Yoko , Nozaki Kenta , Ito Yoichiro , Someda Masataka , Shoya Yuji , Hashii Noritaka , Obata Chihiro , Matsumoto-Kitano Miho , Suematsu Kohei , Matsukawa Tadashi , Hosoya Keita , Hashiba Noriko , Kondo Akihiko , Ishii Jun
Published: December 2024

Inducible promoters are essential for precise control of target gene expression in synthetic biological systems. However, engineering eukaryotic promoters is often more challenging than engineering prokaryotic promoters due to their greater mechanistic complexity. In this study, we describe a simple and reliable approach for constructing strongly inducible synthetic promoters with minimum leakiness in yeasts. The results indicate that the leakiness of yeast-inducible synthetic promoters is primarily the result of cryptic transcriptional activation of heterologous sequences that may be avoided by appropriate insulation and operator mutagenesis. Our promoter design approach has successfully generated robust, inducible promoters that achieve a > 103-fold induction in reporter gene expression. The utility of these promoters is demonstrated by using them to produce various biologics with titers up to 2 g/L, including antigens designed to raise specific antibodies against a SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant through chicken immunization.
Unveiling the power of high-dimensional cytometry data with cyCONDOR
Authors: Kröger Charlotte , Müller Sophie , Leidner Jacqueline , Kröber Theresa , Warnat-Herresthal Stefanie , Spintge Jannis Bastian , Zajac Timo , Neubauer Anna , Frolov Aleksej , Carraro Caterina ,   DELCODE Study Group, Freiesleben Silka Dawn , Altenstein Slawek , Rauchmann Boris , Kilimann Ingo , Coenjaerts Marie , Spottke Annika , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Perneczky Robert , Teipel Stefan , Düzel Emrah , Jessen Frank , Puccio Simone , Aschenbrenner Anna C. , Schultze Joachim L. , Pecht Tal , Beyer Marc D. , Bonaguro Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

High-dimensional cytometry (HDC) is a powerful technology for studying single-cell phenotypes in complex biological systems. Although technological developments and affordability have made HDC broadly available in recent years, technological advances were not coupled with an adequate development of analytical methods that can take full advantage of the complex data generated. While several analytical platforms and bioinformatics tools have become available for the analysis of HDC data, these are either web-hosted with limited scalability or designed for expert computational biologists, making their use unapproachable for wet lab scientists. Additionally, end-to-end HDC data analysis is further hampered due to missing unified analytical ecosystems, requiring researchers to navigate multiple platforms and software packages to complete the analysis. To bridge this data analysis gap in HDC we develop cyCONDOR, an easy-to-use computational framework covering not only all essential steps of cytometry data analysis but also including an array of downstream functions and tools to expand the biological interpretation of the data. The comprehensive suite of features of cyCONDOR, including guided pre-processing, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and machine learning algorithms, facilitates the seamless integration of cyCONDOR into clinically relevant settings, where scalability and disease classification are paramount for the widespread adoption of HDC in clinical practice. Additionally, the advanced analytical features of cyCONDOR, such as pseudotime analysis and batch integration, provide researchers with the tools to extract deeper insights from their data. We use cyCONDOR on a variety of data from different tissues and technologies demonstrating its versatility to assist the analysis of high-dimensional data from preprocessing to biological interpretation.
NIS-Seq enables cell-type-agnostic optical perturbation screening
Authors: Fandrey Caroline I. , Jentzsch Marius , Konopka Peter , Hoch Alexander , Blumenstock Katja , Zackria Afraa , Maasewerd Salie , Lovotti Marta , Lapp Dorothee J. , Gohr Florian N. , Suwara Piotr , Świeżewski Jędrzej , Rossnagel Lukas , Gobs Fabienne , Cristodaro Maia , Muhandes Lina , Behrendt Rayk , Lam Martin C. , Walgenbach Klaus J. , Bald Tobias , Schmidt Florian I. , Latz Eicke , Schmid-Burgk Jonathan L.
Published: December 2024

Optical pooled screening offers a broader-scale alternative to enrichment-based perturbation screening, using fluorescence microscopy to correlate phenotypes and perturbations across single cells. Previous methods work well in large, transcriptionally active cell lines, because they rely on cytosolic detection of endogenously expressed barcoded transcripts; however, they are limited by reliable cell segmentation, cytosol size, transcriptional activity and cell density. Nuclear In-Situ Sequencing (NIS-Seq) expands this technology by creating bright sequencing signals directly from nuclear genomic DNA to screen nucleated cells at high density and high library complexity. By inserting an inverted phage promoter downstream of the single guide RNA (sgRNA), many RNA copies of the sgRNA can be generated and sequenced independently of cellular transcription. In this study, we benchmarked NIS-Seq across eight cell types from two species and performed four genome-scale optical perturbation screens, identifying key players of inflammation-related cellular pathways. Finally, we performed a small-scale pooled optical screen in primary human macrophages from blood of healthy donors and demonstrated barcode identification in lentivirally transduced human skin tissue.
Interface engineering of 2D dielectric nanosheets for boosting energy storage performance of polyvinylidene fluoride-based nanocomposites with high charge–discharge efficiency
Authors: Liu Hexing , Wang Jian , Wang Yunfan , Shen Zhonghui , Zhang Xin , Li Bao-Wen
Published: December 2024

The discharged energy density of PVDF film was enhanced through the synergistic effect of 2D interfacial barrier layer and a cross-linking layer.
Thermogravimetric analysis of commercial tungsten molecular precursors for vapor phase deposition processes
Authors: Currie Taylor M. , McNealy-James Terrick , Berriel S. Novia , Preradovic Konstantin , Sattelberger Alfred P. , Banerjee Parag , Jurca Titel
Published: December 2024

In depth thermogravimetric analysis and direct comparison of commercial volatile molecular tungsten-based precursors for atomic layer deposition.
Evidence of the contribution of molecular fluorophores to the luminescence of carbon entities formed by solvothermal treatment of trinitropyrene
Authors: Roch Rayan , Deschanels Xavier , Singaravelu Chandra Mohan , André Noé , Rey Cyrielle , Causse Jérémy
Published: December 2024

Carbon dots are a subset of carbon nanomaterials with fluorescent properties that render them attractive for various potential applications such as bioimaging and sensing.
Clay-based anion-selective 2D nanofluidics boost natural osmotic power generation
Authors: Xie Linhan , Wang Shiwen , Tang Jiadong , Jing Yiqi , Jin Yuhong , Liu Jingbing , Wang Hao , Zhang Qianqian
Published: December 2024

Anion-selective 2D nanofluidic membrane (2D-NFM) is constructed based on layered double hydroxides for osmotic energy harvesting.
Multimodal sentiment analysis based on multi‐stage graph fusion networks under random missing modality conditions
Authors: Zhang Ting , Song Bin , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Yajuan
Published: December 2024

The primary challenge of the multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) task is the modal fusion, and the lack of modalities may exist in the fusion process, which leads to poor prediction results. Most of the previous research on multimodal fusion is single‐stage fusion, disregarding how various modality subsets interact, as well as rarely considering relative position relationship of modality sequences, causing the fragmentation of context info. Considering the aforementioned issues, this study introduces an MSA method based on the multi‐stage graph fusion network (MSGFN) under random missing modality conditions to improve the robustness of the model to MSA under the random missing modality conditions. Firstly, for each modality, its inter‐modal and intra‐modal multi‐head attention are used to learn robust representation of the modality sequence. Meanwhile, the relative position encoding (RPE) is introduced into mechanism of attention that enables model to perceive and learn the relative position before and after the modality sequence when calculating attention, thereby better understanding the contextual info of the sequence. After that, the transformer encoder receives the learned modality features and uses the pre‐trained model to supervise the reconstruction of the missing modality information. Finally, the feature representations of different modalities have effectively fused using multi‐stage graph fusion network, and the output is used for the ultimate sentiment classification. Wide experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets, CMU‐MOSI and IEMOCAP, and the findings indicate that the proposed method can better handle the challenges caused by modality fusion and modality missing compared with several baseline methods.
Positionspapier der Arbeitsgruppe „Klima und Nachhaltigkeit“ in der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften
Authors: Reusch Andrea , Schwarz Betje , Worringen Ulrike , Küffner Roland , Dohm Lea , Wilke Annika , Ludewig Michaela , Lippke Sonia , Parthier Nadja , Häbel Timm , Haberger Stefanie , Burchardi Jennifer Marie , Weimann Edda , Becker Petra
Published: December 2024

Die Arbeitsgruppe „Klima und Nachhaltigkeit“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Rehabilitationswissenschaften wurde im März 2023 gegründet. Die Mitglieder
vertreten die Forschung, Praxis und Leistungsträger der Rehabilitation. Ziel ist
es, die Rehabilitation in Deutschland nachhaltig zu gestalten und Klimaschutz
als auch gesundheitliche Folgen des Klimawandels in den Fokus
zu nehmen. Die Bearbeitung dieser Themen soll zur neuen sozialen Norm für alle Akteur*innen der
Rehabilitation werden. Dazu werden bestehendes Wissen genutzt und neue
Erkenntnisse erarbeitet, die unmittelbar weitergegeben werden und die
qualitätsgesicherte Transformation in den Einrichtungen unterstützen. Der Fokus
der aktuellen Aktivitäten ist auf zwei Handlungsfelder gerichtet: Förderung von
Klimaschutz durch die ökologische Transformation von Reha-Einrichtungen und die
Förderung von Klimaresilienz durch die Weiterentwicklung von Reha-Leistungen und
Sozialmedizin. Bisherige Aktivitäten umfassen Fachpublikationen und Forschung,
Stellungnahmen und Eingaben, Veranstaltungen und Fortbildungen sowie die
Verbreitung, Vernetzung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zur Etablierung von
Nachhaltigkeitskonzepten in der Rehabilitation.
Characteristics of superfluid flow along a substrate with impurities
Authors: Shevchenko S. I.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the normal component generated by substrate impurities represents a fluid mass associated with the impurity centers, while the normal Landau density is a mass connected to thermal fluctuations in the density of the fluid. Based on this interpretation of the normal component, a semiphenomenological method is proposed for describing superfluid flows. For a weakly nonideal Bose gas and low impurity concentration, a microscopic theory of superfluid flow along a substrate with impurities is constructed without assuming the presence of a Bose condensate in the system. The wave function of the ground state of the system, the density distribution near an impurity center, and the density-density correlation function are found. The response of the system to rotation of the substrate is calculated and the normal density, generated by impurities at T = 0, is determined.
On the theory of the isotropic magnetoelastic gap
Authors: Gaididei Yu. B. , Loktev V. M.
Published: December 2024

We consider the problem of the gap in the spin-wave spectrum of "easy plane" magnetic crystals and we find the conditions under which the FMR (or AFMR) frequency as a function of the external magnetic field tends to zero as the field vanishes.
Sound absorption in weak 3He–4He solutions at high densities and low temperatures
Authors: Grigor'ev V. N. , Dyumin N. E. , Dikina L. S. , Svatko S. V.
Published: December 2024

The absorption coefficient for first sound has been measured below 0.9 °K at a frequency of 29.8 MHz in 3He–4He solutions with molar concentrations 0.5 and 0.05% 3He at constant densities of 0.153, 0.159, 0.165 and 0.170 g cm–3. Analysis of the experimental results showed that absorption in a 0.5% 3He mixture at all densities studied is produced by the viscosity of 3He and by scattering by thermal phonons, whose mean free path is limited by the 3He impurities. Absorption in a solution containing 0.05% 3He is qualitatively similar to that in pure 4He, indicating that for not too high densities the initial part of the phonon spectrum still shows anomalous dispersion on addition of 3He impurities. The transverse relaxation time for phonons in 4He at a pressure of 1.1 atm was determined, as was the relaxation time for phonons on interaction with 3He impurities.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling in Josephson junctions
Authors: Golub A. A. , Iordatii V. P.
Published: December 2024

The effect of dissipation on macroscopic quantum tunneling in Josephson junctions is investigated. It is shown that friction can lead to an increase in the lifetime of the metastable state of the junction. It is found that a sharp division of the tunneling probability into a purely quantum-mechanical probability for tunneling in the absence of friction and a probability for dissipation-involving tunneling is possible only in the case of weak friction.
Temperature dependence of the excess resistance of a system of S–N boundaries
Authors: Bevza Yu. G. , Lukashenko A. V.
Published: December 2024

A simple method is proposed for creating thin film structures with alternating superconducting and normal films. The temperature dependence of the excess resistance of a system of S–N boundaries is investigated, and it is shown that the Artemenko–Volkov theory in the variant that includes the difference between the conductivities of the superconducting and normal metals explains the experimental results quite well.
Ginzburg-Landau expansion for Cooper pairs with nonzero angular momentum and the analogy between spin glasses and a system of Cooper pairs
Authors: Sigov A. S. , Chechetkin V. R.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the part of the Ginzburg–Landau expansion corresponding to contributions of spatially inhomogeneous rotational and phase transformations is the same for all isotropic states with integer angular momentum J = 0, 1, 2. The analogy between the problem of the ground state in a system of Cooper pairs with nonzero orbital angular momentum and the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model of spin glass is discussed.
Mitigating epidemic spread in complex networks based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Wenshuang , Zhang Xi , Zhan Choujun
Published: December 2024

Complex networks are susceptible to contagious cascades, underscoring the urgency for effective epidemic mitigation strategies. While physical quarantine is a proven mitigation measure for mitigation, it can lead to substantial economic repercussions if not managed properly. This study presents an innovative approach to selecting quarantine targets within complex networks, aiming for an efficient and economic epidemic response. We model the epidemic spread in complex networks as a Markov chain, accounting for stochastic state transitions and node quarantines. We then leverage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to design a quarantine strategy that minimizes both infection rates and quarantine costs through a sequence of strategic node quarantines. Our DRL agent is specifically trained with the proximal policy optimization algorithm to optimize these dual objectives. Through simulations in both synthetic small-world and real-world community networks, we demonstrate the efficacy of our strategy in controlling epidemics. Notably, we observe a non-linear pattern in the mitigation effect as the daily maximum quarantine scale increases: the mitigation rate is most pronounced at first but plateaus after reaching a critical threshold. This insight is crucial for setting the most effective epidemic mitigation parameters.
Thermo-fluid dynamics of steam–water direct contact condensation in steam-filled inclined and vertical channels
Authors: Chakraborty Reeshav , Chakravarty Aranyak , Ghosh Koushik
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the thermo-fluid dynamics of direct contact condensation when subcooled water is injected into inclined/vertical channels filled with saturated steam. This mode of direct contact condensation has not yet been extensively investigated although it is frequently encountered and the flow physics is significantly different. Observations from the present computational analysis indicate that countercurrent flow is established within the channel once water injection starts leading to onset of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, irrespective of channel orientation. Rayleigh–Taylor instability plays an increasingly dominant role as the channel inclination increases toward the vertical. The combined effect of these hydrodynamic instabilities, along with simultaneous interfacial heat transfer and steam condensation, destabilizes the steam–water interface causing transition between various flow regimes. These transitions are identified with respect to water injection velocity (1−5 m/s), injection diameter (dD=0.25−0.75), temperature of the injected water (293−431.98 K) and channel inclination (0°–90°). The flow regimes in a vertical channel are observed to be significantly different from that in inclined channels. Regime transitions in vertical channels are further observed to be dependent on various parameters studied. Depending on the flow regimes and their transitions, it is observed that channel blockage—partially or completely—may take place and steam pockets may be formed within the channel under different conditions. The analysis establishes that hydrodynamic effects have a greater impact—as compared to thermal effects—on steam–water interface dynamics in this mode of direct contact condensation.
Experimental investigation into the enhancement of oil recovery and analysis of influencing factors for hydrocarbon gas flooding in high-water-cut ultra-deep oil reservoirs
Authors: Li Zongfa , Luo Xu , Kanjibayi Bahedawulieti , Wu Yi , Yang Guihua , Zhao Hui , Huang Lijuan , Zhou Yuhui
Published: December 2024

Deep oil reservoirs, characterized by high temperature and high pressure, are conducive for enhancing the miscibility between gas and crude oil, thereby improving oil recovery. This paper focuses on a high-water-cut deep oilfield in Xinjiang and experimentally investigates the potential and influencing factors of gas flooding for enhancing oil recovery. These factors include permeability, type of injection gas, injection rate, injection pressure, and injection method. Based on geological characteristics, three types of experimental long-core samples: high permeability, medium permeability, and low permeability, were selected. Hydrocarbon gas injection experiments were conducted after water flooding at conditions of 112 °C and 55 MPa to evaluate displacement effects. Results indicated that high permeability cores exhibited the best displacement, with gas flooding recovery rates 39.53% higher than those from water flooding. Low permeability cores demonstrated a 35.46% increase in oil recovery, significantly surpassing the 29.31% increase observed in medium permeability layers. Among the four flooding media tested, CO2 was found to have the best displacement effect, increasing oil recovery by 33.22%, followed by hydrocarbon gas and associated gas, while N2 was the least effective (7.27%). Higher injection pressures (55 MPa) notably improved the final recovery degree, resulting in a 41.40% increase. Additionally, alternating injections of water and gas enhanced recovery by 13.02% compared to continuous gas injection. A lower injection rate of 0.5 ml/min improved recovery by 7% over 1 ml/min. Therefore, for medium permeability layers under high-water-cut conditions, the optimal gas injection scheme consists of using hydrocarbon gas as the injection medium, with an injection flow of 0.5 ml/min and a pressure of 55 MPa, employing a water–gas alternating injection mode. This study provides valuable experimental and theoretical support for enhancing oil recovery through gas flooding in high-water-cut deep reservoirs.
Interplay of ethaline and water dynamics in a hydrated eutectic solvent: Deuteron and oxygen magnetic resonance studies of aqueous ethaline
Authors: Hinz Yannik , Böhmer Roland
Published: December 2024

For many technological processes, the impact of water addition on the properties of deep eutectic solvents is of central importance. In this context, the impact of hydration on the reorientational dynamics of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) ethaline, a 2:1 molar mixture of ethylene glycol and choline chloride, was studied. Its overall response was explored by means of shear mechanical rheology. To achieve component-selective insights into the dynamics of this material, isotope-edited deuteron and oxygen spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxometry, as well as stimulated-echo spectroscopy, were applied and yielded motional correlation times from above room temperature down to the highly viscous regime. For all temperatures, the cholinium anion was found to reorient about two times slower than ethylene glycol, while the water and the ethylene glycol molecules display very similar mobilities. While hydration enhances the component dynamics with respect to that of dry ethaline, the present findings reveal that it does not detectably increase the heterogeneity of the solvent. Merely, the time scale similarity that is found for the hydrogen bond donor and the water molecules over a particularly wide temperature range impressively attests to the stability of the native solvent structure in the “water-in-DES” regime.
On the formation of thermal caustics in turbulent particle-laden flows
Authors: Zandi Pour Hamid Reza , Iovieno Michele
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the development of thermal caustics within particle-laden turbulent flows, a concept recently proposed to elucidate the non-smooth behavior of particle temperature during fluid–particle thermal interactions, drawing a parallel to the creation of caustics. The temperature variations observed between closely spaced particles, which are linked to thermal caustics, stem from the history of their different paths. This work delves into the emergence of thermal caustics by analyzing the dynamics of the gradient of particle temperature in the configuration space, highlighting the influence of both particle and thermal inertia. The analysis indicates that thermal caustics arise concurrently with caustics, with the exception of the condition of zero thermal inertia, which represents a singular scenario where particle temperature decouples from velocity.
Adsorption characteristics of amine-modified carbon aerogel nanoparticles in CO2 fluids
Authors: Ni Guanhua , Ban Jing , Li Zhao , Yang Tao , Gong Li , Jiang Bingyou , Sun Lulu , Li Moyu , Shang Yuanmeng
Published: December 2024

Understanding the adsorption mechanism of CO2 fluid on porous media is significant for developing efficient CO2 adsorbents. This study modified carbon aerogel (CA) nanoparticles with N-methylethanolamine (MMEA). The surface functional groups and pore properties of the samples were characterized, and the flow and adsorption behavior of fluids under different pressures in the pores were studied. The results showed that carbon aerogel's amine and oxygen-containing functional group content increased with the increase in MMEA loading but decreased its specific surface area and pore volume. The adsorption capacity of 15 wt. % (15%MMEA-CA) was the highest at 144 cm3/g, which was 32% higher than that of the original sample. After ten cycles, the cycle efficiency of the adsorbent was more than 86%. The results show that the amine-modified carbon aerogel nanoparticles can efficiently adsorb CO2 in fluid and become promising adsorbents. The isothermal adsorption model of Toth and Dubinin-Astakhov can fit the adsorption process well, indicating that the adsorption process of CO2 fluid on MMEA-modified CA nanoparticles occurs on a non-uniform surface, which is a combination of single-molecular layer adsorption and microporous layer filling. These conclusions provide valuable insights into the adsorption kinetics of gases in porous nanoparticles, which has important implications for climate change mitigation and sustainable development.
Movement of active droplets in dense emulsion
Authors: Kichatov Boris , Korshunov Alexey , Sudakov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

The motion of a single active droplet and a swarm of droplets in a dense emulsion can differ significantly, which is due to the interaction of the droplets with each other. It has been found that with a decrease in the velocity of active droplets, their motion in a dense emulsion becomes more spatially correlated, and the size of clusters, in which the velocities of the droplets are close, increases. During diffusion motion, active droplets spend most of their time confined in cages and move significant distances after cage rearrangements. With an increase in the average velocity of active droplets in the emulsion, the residence time of the droplets within the cage decreases according to the law ∼u−2. In this case, the mean square displacement of the isolated droplet turns out to be proportional to ∼t3/2. The deviation of the diffusion law of a droplet from the Brownian law is due to the existence of a repulsive force between them.
Flow behaviors and throttle effects of high-pressure air flow through orifices
Authors: Li Fuqi , Shu Weilin , Xu Zhaoyang , Liu Bang , Zhang Ji , Hu Zhiqiang , Zhou Wenwu , Liu Yingzheng
Published: December 2024

In this study, the flow behaviors and throttle effects of high-pressure air flow through orifices were experimentally investigated in a pipe system and numerically simulated using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the shear stress transport (SST) k−ω turbulence model. Three orifice configurations with porosities (orifice hole area to pipe area ratio) of β = 28.4%, 7.1%, and 1.8% were comparatively evaluated under four different inflow pressures, i.e., pin= 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. The numerical results agreed well with the corresponding experimental measurements. A primary recirculation with a smaller secondary recirculation region was formed immediately behind the trailing face. In the presence of supersonic flow, the streamwise velocity exhibited periodic oscillations, increasing at the expansion wave and decreasing at the shock wave region. The throttle effects were highly sensitive to the orifice porosities and the inflow conditions. In the β = 28.4% configuration, shock waves and expansion waves were evident under different inflow pressures and alternately dominated the downstream flow, leading to periodic streamwise temperature variations, with the minimum temperature reaching −160 °C at pin = 4 bar. For the orifice with β = 7.1%, the expansion and shock waves appeared at pin≥ 2 bar, and continuously expanded with intensified flow fluctuations at pin = 3 and 4 bar, with the minimum temperature reaching −120 °C. For the orifice with β = 1.8%, the impact of shock waves on the temperature field was barely observable under pin = 1 and 2 bar due to the small porosity. When pin≥ 3 bar, similar temperature patterns with larger-porosity orifices were observed downstream of the orifice trailing face but were smaller in size.