bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AstroSat UVIT Detections of Chandra X-Ray Sources in M31
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Chen Y.
Published: September 2020

An ultraviolet (UV) survey of M31 has been carried out during 2017–19 with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) instrument on board the AstroSat Observatory. Here we match the M31 UVIT source catalog with the Chandra source catalog. We find 67 UVIT/Chandra sources detected in a varying number of UV and X-ray bands. The UV and X-ray photometry is analyzed using power-law and blackbody models. The X-ray types include 15 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and five active galactic nuclei. Crossmatches with catalogs of stars, clusters, and other source types yield the following: 20 of the UVIT/Chandra sources match with M31 globular clusters, and nine with foreground stars. Three more globular clusters and two more foreground stars are consistent with the UVIT source positions although outside the Chandra match radius of 1″. The UV emission of the UVIT/Chandra sources associated with globular clusters is consistent with emission from blue horizontal branch stars rather than from the X-ray source. The LMXBs in globular clusters are among the most luminous globular clusters in M31. Comparison with stellar evolutionary tracks shows that the UVIT/Chandra sources with high UV blackbody temperatures are consistent with massive (10–30 M
⊙) stars in M31.
Tubicolous polychaete worms (Annelida) from Bahía de Chamela Islands Sanctuary, Mexico, with the description of a new bamboo worm
Authors: Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Tovar-Hernández María Ana , Galván-Villa Cristian , Ríos-Jara Eduardo
Published: September 2020

The islands and islets of Bahía de Chamela, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, were declared as the first marine sanctuary in Mexico and has been protected since 2002. Their marine biodiversity has been documented in a series of papers in the last decade, but only three species of polychaete worms have been reported.

Sixteen species of sedentary polychaete worms belonging to the families Maldanidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sabellidae and Serpulidae are reported to the Bahía de Chamela Islands Sanctuary, 15 of these species constituting the first records in the area.Isocirrus tropicus(Monro, 1928) (Monro 1928) andNotaulax californica(Treadwell, 1906) (Treadwell 1906) constitute new records to Mexico;Idanthyrsus mexicanusKirtley, 1904 (Kirtley 1994) is first recorded since its description and one species of bamboo worm (Maldanidae) is described as new to science. The new species belongs to the genusClymenuraVerril, 1900 (Verrill 1900) and its characterised by the presence of a glandular shield on chaetiger 8; a cephalic plaque oval with smooth margins and a rounded palpode; nuchal organs straight, parallel, almost full length of plaque; manubriavicular uncini present from chaetiger 1 with 3–4 teeth above the main fang without hairs or bristles; two pre-anal achaetous segments with tori; an anal funnel with alternating triangular cirri, being the longest that are located mid-ventrally.
Uncovering the shell game with barcodes: diversity of meiofaunal Caecidae snails (Truncatelloidea, Caenogastropoda) from Central America
Authors: Egger Christina , Neusser Timea P. , Norenburg Jon , Leasi Francesca , Buge Barbara , Vannozzi Angelo , Cunha Regina L. , Cox Cymon J. , Jörger Katharina M.
Published: September 2020

Caecidae is a species-rich family of microsnails with a worldwide distribution. Typical for many groups of gastropods, caecid taxonomy is largely based on overt shell characters. However, identification of species using shell characteristics is problematic due to their rather uniform, tubular shells, the presence of different growth stages, and a high degree of intraspecific variability. In the present study, a first integrative approach to caecid taxonomy is provided using light-microscopic investigation with microsculptural analyses and multi-marker barcoding, in conjunction with molecular species delineation analyses (ABGD, haplotype networks, GMYC, and bPTP). In total 132 specimens ofCaecumandMeiocerascollected during several sampling trips to Central America were analyzed and delineated into a minimum of 19 species to discuss putative synonyms, and supplement the original descriptions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggestMeioceras nitidumandM. cubitatumshould be reclassified asCaecum, and the genusMeiocerasmight present a junior synonym ofCaecum. Meiofaunal caecids morphologically resemblingC. glabrumfrom the Northeast Atlantic are a complex of cryptic species with independent evolutionary origins, likely associated with multiple habitat shifts to the mesopsammic environment.Caecum invisibileEgger & Jörger,sp. nov.is formally described based on molecular diagnostic characters. This first integrative approach towards the taxonomy of Caecidae increases the known diversity, reveals the need for a reclassification of the genusCaecumand serves as a starting point for a barcoding library of the family, thereby enabling further reliable identifications of these taxonomically challenging microsnails in future studies.
A new species of snailfish of the genus Paraliparis (Liparidae) from the western North Pacific, with a redescription of the poorly known species Paraliparis mandibularis
Authors: Kai Yoshiaki , Murasaki Kenta , Misawa Ryo , Fukui Atsushi , Morikawa Eisuke , Narimatsu Yoji
Published: September 2020

A new snailfish, Paraliparis flammeus, is described on the basis of 18 specimens collected off the Pacific coast of Tohoku District, northern Japan at depths of 422–890 m. The new species is distinguished from 28 species of Paraliparis described from the North Pacific by the following combination of characters: mouth oblique; uppermost pectoral-fin base below horizontal through posterior margin of maxillary; 60–63 vertebrae, 54–58 dorsal-fin rays, 50 or 51 anal-fin rays, six principal caudal-fin rays, and 17–20 pectoral-fin rays. A maximum likelihood tree based on 106 COI gene sequences (492 bp) of Paraliparis recovered a monophyletic group comprising P. flammeus, Paraliparis cephalus, and Paraliparis dipterus. Paraliparis cephalus is similar to P. flammeus in having an oblique mouth, but it has four caudal-fin rays (vs six rays) and the uppermost pectoral-fin base above a horizontal through the maxillary posterior margin. Paraliparis dipterus differs from P. flammeus in having a horizontal mouth, 12–14 pectoral-fin rays, and lacking pyloric caeca (present in P. flammeus). Paraliparis flammeus is most similar to the eastern North Pacific Paraliparis mento in having an oblique mouth and the uppermost pectoral-fin base below a horizontal through the posterior margin of the maxillary. However, P. flammeus differs from P. mento in having six caudal-fin rays (vs five rays) and greater preanal length (29.9–35.3% SL vs 26.7–28.5% SL). A poorly known species, Paraliparis mandibularis, previously known from only two specimens collected from Tosa Bay, southern Japan, is redescribed based on the holotype and seven newly collected specimens. It is also similar to the new species but has 27–30 pectoral-fin rays and a shorter pectoral-fin lower lobe (13.8–15.9% SL in P. mandibularis vs 16.7–23.4% SL in P. flammeus).
Qui prescrit ?
Authors: Dujin Anne
Published: September 2020

L’autorité de la critique littéraire s’efface au profit de la recommandation entre pairs, notamment du fait d’Internet. Mais cette transformation s’inscrit dans une histoire sociale de la littérature, dont les lecteurs sont aussi des acteurs.
La dotation de la culture
Authors: Dercon Chris
Published: September 2020

Dans un contexte où les institutions culturelles ont perdu leur public, l’État doit soutenir la création, pour que les mécènes suivent.
Vehicular Networks in the Eyes of Future Internet Architectures
Authors: Khelifi Hakima , Luo Senlin , Nour Boubakr , Moungla Hassine , Ahmed Syed Hassan
Published: September 2020

The challenging characteristics of the vehicular environment such as high mobility, diversity of applications, dynamic topologies, unreliable broadcast channels, and short-lived connectivity call into the need to extend the IP-based network to fulfill the user and VANETs requirements. Researchers are developing new network communication models to transfer the future internet. The information-centric networking (ICN) paradigm is a promising solution that may overcome the issues mentioned above. ICN involves a named content, name-based routing, in-network caching, and content-based security, which make it a suitable architecture for VANET applications. In this chapter, the authors present recent advances in VANET solutions that rely on named-data networking (NDN), which is the most active ICN implementation. The issues of the current host-centric model, mapping between NDN and VANET, is also discussed along with future research directions.
Resource Allocation Techniques for SC-FDMA Networks
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Ahmad Ayaz , Ahmed Raheel
Published: September 2020

Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a promising uplink transmission technique that has the characteristic of low peak to average power ratio. The mobile terminal uplink transmission depends on the batteries with limited power budget. Moreover, the increasing number of mobile users needs to be accommodated in the limited available radio spectrum. Therefore, efficient resource allocation schemes are essential for optimizing the energy consumption and improving the spectrum efficiency. This chapter presents a comprehensive and systematic survey of resource allocation in SC-FDMA networks. The survey is carried out under two major categories that include centralized and distributed approaches. The schemes are also classified under various rubrics including optimization objectives and constraints considered, single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, solution types, and perfect/imperfect channel knowledge-based schemes. The advantages and limitations pertaining to these categories/rubrics have been highlighted, and directions for future research are identified.
Taxonomy of Computer Network Congestion Control/Avoidance Methods
Authors: Hussain Mirza Waseem , Jamwal Sanjay , Mirza Tabasum , Hassan Malik Mubasher
Published: September 2020

The communication platform in the computing field is increasing at a rapid pace. Technology is constantly budding with the materialization of new technological devices, specifically in the communication industry. The internet is expanding exponentially. Internet-enabled devices are becoming part and parcel of our daily lives. It has turned out to be almost impossible to think about the world without the internet. The internet structures might be reinforced to meet coming prerequisites in mobile communication. Congestion plays a vital role in regulating the flow of data to accelerate the exchange of data in between the wired and wireless devices. In this chapter, the authors try to highlight various network congestion techniques with their limitations proposed from time to time by various researchers. This chapter plays a vital role in highlighting the history of networking congestion detection/avoidance techniques starting from the early days of networking.
Enhancement of Network Performance in VANET Using Dynamic Routing Strategies
Authors: Rath Mamata , Mishra Sushruta
Published: September 2020

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have evolved as an invigorating network system and application domain in current communication technology. In smart city applications context, there are smart vehicles embedded with sensors and dynamically programmed IoT devices, which are to be managed and controlled energetically. Progressively, vehicles are being furnished with surrounded actuators, handling signals, and wireless communication abilities. This chapter focuses on the fact that this special network has opened various possible outcomes for intense and potential extraordinary applications on security, effectiveness, comfort, confidentiality effort, and interest while they are significantly vibrant. Irrespective of many challenges such as high frequency of topology change and link failure possibility, routing management in VANET has been successful in traffic scenario during vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
Ingestive Behaviour Activities Based on Bioacoustic Signals in Grazing Cattle
Authors: Defalque Guilherme Augusto , Santos Ricardo , Yoshimura Victor Leonardo , Alves Fabiana Villa
Published: September 2020

This work focuses on the development of an autonomous, electronic platform based on bioacoustic techniques to monitor animal sounds related to ingestive activities and sub-activities in beef cattle. The authors have developed an electronic platform that leverage the usage of applications to predict health and welfare conditions based on the bioacoustic signals. The platform architecture is comprised of electronic subsystems covering the signal acquiring and filtering; sampling, processing, data storage system; and the coupling of the electronic and computing. The platform is coupled to the animal's halter so that the electronic system is in a case on the animal's forehead. Experiments were performed on grazing cattle (Nelore breed) in three field tests. The system was fully able to acquire, process, and store the animal's bioacoustic sounds. The authors used an audio file processing software to identify ingestive activities such as grazing, rumination, and idle periods. The results, based on the signal waveform, achieved high accuracy when compared to the visual monitoring method.
Biometrics-Based Un-Locker to Enhance Cloud Security Systems
Authors: Narang Ashima , Gupta Deepali , Kaur Amandeep
Published: September 2020

With the increasing demand for cloud computing, its challenges are also increasing, and security is one of the preeminent concerns. A number of approaches were introduced earlier to secure cloud storage systems, but many of them failed to provide security effectively and even emanate the concern of cost. Efficiency and cost are the essential features for any cloud system and demand for a security mechanism. To accomplish this objective, a novel feature is introduced with a concept of biometric authentication and named as ‘biometric-based un-locker'. Biometrics entities are unique in nature, so it will be the best and most cost-effective solution for the cloud. The performance of this proposed system is analyzed by generating a cloud environment and implementing it using the .NET framework on five different datasets. The results are calculated with both attackers and normal users, and performance is analyzed on the basis of time, size of data after encryption, and authentication rate. Results show that the proposed system effectively provides security and is also very cost-efficient.
Cloud Computing as the Next Utility
Authors: Herzfeldt Alexander Bogislav , Rauer Hans Peter , Weißbach Reimar , Ertl Christoph
Published: September 2020

Cloud computing has become the dominant provisioning model for IT services. This research adopts the provider's perspective to explore profitable service provisioning strategies: industrialization and standardization vs. service individualization. Based on a survey and expert interviews among cloud service providers, the authors identify that focusing on service individualization does not pay off for cloud service providers. Instead, cloud service providers should adopt industrialization and automation. Even more, they find that exploitation mechanisms of organizational learning significantly improve the cloud service profitability.
Online Behaviour as Predictive of Professional Online Work Readiness Among Mass Communication Students
Authors: Njuguna Joseph , Jjuuko Margaret
Published: September 2020

This study explores the relationship between students' online behaviour and their perceived readiness for professional online work. A sample of mass communication students (n=143) from five Rwandan universities completed a questionnaire. Analysis showed that the three dimensions of online behaviour correlated positively with the students' perceived readiness for professional online work. While the respondents' audience engagement levels had the highest correlation with online skills readiness, the frequency of online accounts usage had the weakest correlation. The multiple regression results revealed that levels of engagement and ownership of online accounts were significant predictors of the students' perceived professional online skills readiness. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in perceived professional online skills readiness between students who rated themselves as highly prepared and those who expressed low levels of preparedness for professional online skills. Implications and future research directions are discussed based on the findings.
Welding Investigation on GMAW−Cold Metal Transfer of AISI 201LN for Superior Weld Quality
Authors: Singh Vivek , Chandrasekaran M. , Samanta Sutanu , Palanikumar Kayaroganam
Published: September 2020

Austenitic stainless steel of AISI 201LN grade has found applications in liquefied natural gas tanks and cryogenic components. They are fabricated using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), but weld speed is low due to manual operation. This work aims welding investigation on AISI 201LN Gr. steel with a new hybrid welding approach (i.e., gas metal arc welding [GMAW] combined cold metal transfer [CMT]) for obtaining superior weld quality. Weld experiments were carried out at different welding speed, for example, 300, 400, 600, and 900 mm/min, to study weld quality and its mechanical properties. The microstructural examination of test coupons at higher welding speed shows finer structure in heat-affected zone as well as on weld metal. It was observed that the weld coupon having low heat input (at high weld speed) has maximum tensile strength. Scanning electron microscope analysis shows finer dimples at higher welding speed confirming ductile mode of fracture.
Experimental Investigations on Inconel 625 Alloy Using Plasma Arc Machining
Authors: Pothur Hema , Ganesan Ramprasad , Aruna K.
Published: September 2020

Plasma arc machining (PAM) is a non-traditional machining process widely used to machine intricate part profiles for alloys that are difficult to machine. The Burr height, Kerf ratio, and material removal rate (MRR) are predominant factors that influences the performance and quality of plasma cut surfaces. Present research focusses on the effect of plasma arc cutting (PAC) parameters such as gases used, cutting speed, current, arc voltage, and gas pressure on the cut quality characteristics of Inconel 625 alloy. The design of experiments (DOE) technique is used to develop a Taguchi design consisting of L18 orthogonal array. The Grey relational analysis technique is used for optimization of the above said cutting conditions. Finally, the most suitable gas to machine is selected along with the optimal PAM parameters for cutting the Inconel 625 alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis is carried out to inspect the surface morphologies at various cutting conditions.
Evaluation of NoSQL Databases
Authors: Matallah Houcine , Belalem Ghalem , Bouamrane Karim
Published: September 2020

The explosion of the data quantities, which reflects the scaling of volumes, numbers, and types, has resulted in the development of new locations techniques and access to data. The final steps in this evolution have emerged new technologies: cloud computing and big data. The new requirements and the difficulties encountered in the management of data classified “big data” have emerged NoSQL and NewSQL systems. This paper develops a comparative study about the performance of six solutions NoSQL, employed by the important companies in the IT sector: MongoDB, Cassandra, HBase, Redis, Couchbase, and OrientDB. To compare the performance of these NoSQL systems, the authors will use a very powerful tool called YCSB: Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark. The contribution is to provide some answers to choose the appropriate NoSQL system for the type of data used and the type of processing performed on that data.
Seeking Accessible Physiological Metrics to Detect Cybersickness in VR
Authors: Magaki Takurou , Vallance Michael
Published: September 2020

Virtual reality is predicted to change the way we use technologies in education. However, currently restricting the lack of integration is high cost, unconvincing learning data, complexity of the technologies, and persistently, cybersickness. There are a number of theories as to the causes of cybersickness, but none are infallible. Moreover, many of the evaluation methods and empirical studies are highly specialized physiological analyses requiring sophisticated measuring equipment. Such studies can be difficult to prepare and present unnatural conditions for users engaged in a VR experience. In this research the Empatica E4 wearable device and its ecosystem were utilized to record physiological metrics of heart rate variability and electrodermal activity during customized computer-based and VR tasks to detect the onset of cybersickness. Although inconclusive, the metrics of NNMean, SDNN, RMSSD in HRV data, and SCR width and Peak EDA in EDA data are proposed for further analysis as potential indicators of cybersickness.
First records of three cepheid jellyfish species from Sri Lanka with redescription of the genus Marivagia Galil and Gershwin, 2010 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cepheidae)
Authors: Karunarathne Krishan D. , De Croos M. D. S. T.
Published: September 2020

Cepheid medusae appeared in great numbers in the northeastern coastal waters of Sri Lanka during the non-monsoon period (March to October) posing adverse threats to fisheries and coastal tourism, but the taxonomic status of these jellyfishes was unknown. Therefore, an inclusive study on jellyfish was carried out from November 2016 to July 2019 for taxonomic identification of the species found in coastal waters. In this study, three species of cepheid mild stingers, Cephea cephea, Marivagia stellata, and Netrostoma setouchianum were reported for the first time in Sri Lankan waters. Moreover, the diagnostic description of the genus Marivagia is revised in this study due to the possessing of appendages on both oral arms and arm disc of Sri Lankan specimens, comparing with original notes and photographs of M. stellata.
Sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: two cases with long term stability
Authors: Truffert André , Iancu Ferfoglia Ruxandra , Lobrinus Johannes Alexander , Samii Kaveh , Kohler André
Published: September 2020

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) associated to sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) is a rare and severely disabling condition of quickly progressive limb girdle acquired myopathy. It is believed by some authors to be due to myotoxicity of light chain deposits. Two female patients were diagnosed with MGUS associated SLONM. In the first case, diagnosis was delayed by 6 years thus giving time for a severe generalized myopathy and cardiomyopathy to develop. A single anti-myeloma chemotherapy with lenalidomide markedly improved and stabilized the patient’s condition despite respiratory and cardiac insufficiency. In our second patient the condition was identified one year after onset of the first symptom and markedly improved after autologous bone marrow transplantation and lenalidomide. Clinicians should be aware of monoclonal gammopathy associated sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy as this acquired muscle disorder, although extremely rare, may be reversed by adequate management.
Effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation and Pharmacological Therapy in Patients with Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Aydin İsa , Gökçay Figen , Karapolat Hale , Eraslan Sevinç , Bilgen Cem , Kirazli Tayfun , Tanıgör Göksel , Köse Timur , Çelebisoy Neşe
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to compare the results of pharmacologic management options and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) programs in the context of dizziness, balance problems, and headache in patients with vestibular migraine.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients with migraine with vestibular symptoms were evaluated in three groups in the neurology, physical medicine, and rehabilitation and otorhinolaryngology clinics of a medical school hospital. The groups were defined as routine pharmacologic therapy (PT), VR, or both. Patients were evaluated with static posturography, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale as primary outcome measures and symptom frequency and severity (headaches and vertigo attacks) as secondary outcome measures. In-group and between-group comparisons were made using relevant statistical methods.

Results:

DHI scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in all treatment groups. ABC scores increased significantly (P < 0.001) in patients taking PT and those on VR + PT. Posturographic examinations revealed that sway velocity values recorded on foam with eyes closed, which targets vestibular assessment, were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in groups taking VR either alone or with PT. VR benefited patients with migraine in terms of headaches, vertigo attack frequency, intensity, and duration.

Conclusion:

Patients with predominant vestibular disorders can benefit from VR alone, and patients with combined symptoms (headache and vertigo) can benefit from pharmacologic and rehabilitation therapies.
Exploring the Effects of the Key Multi-Injection Parameters on Combustion and Emissions in Intelligent Charge Compression Ignition (ICCI) Mode
Authors: Li Zilong , Huang Guan , Zhao Wenbin , He Zhuoyao , Qian Yong , Lu Xingcai
Published: September 2020

Developing advanced combustion mode has been the active area for high efficiency and ultra-low emissions of the next-generation internal combustion engines. In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted in a modified single-cylinder compression ignition engine for operating a brand-new combustion mode denoted as intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode. By using two common-rail systems, commercial gasoline and diesel were alternately directly injected into the cylinder through multi-injection strategies in the injection timing range of 50~320 °CA BTDC. Thus, the in-cylinder stratified condition can be flexibly and accurately adjusted in this unique combustion mode. The key injection parameters, such as gasoline injection timing and diesel split ratio, were investigated to explore their effects on engine combustion, emissions, and fuel consumption. The results showed that the diesel split ratio mainly affected combustion phasing, while the gasoline injection timing had significant effects on the peak value of in-cylinder pressure and pressure rising rate. Higher diesel split ratio in early injection caused earlier combustion phasing and higher in-cylinder temperature, leading to higher NOx emissions, but the accumulation mode particle was decreased. Besides, when more gasoline was injected in compression stroke to form more homogeneous cylinder condition, lower NOx emissions of 0.1 g/kWh were reached, meeting EURO VI standard. Furthermore, lower CO emissions and fuel consumption can be obtained simultaneously, while the accumulation mode particle decreased along with nucleation mode increasing. However, peak pressure and peak pressure rising rate were increased because of more concentrated heat release. HC emissions of all the experimental cases had few vary in the experiment.
Investigations on the Spray-Atomization of Various Fuels for an Outwardly Opening Piezo Injector for the Application to a Pilot Injection Passenger Car Gas Engine
Authors: Hummel Simon , Berner Hans-Juergen , Altenschmidt Frank , Schenk Martin , Bargende Michael
Published: September 2020

Pilot injection gas engines are commonly used as large stationary engines. Often, the combustion is implemented as a dual-fuel strategy, which allows both mixed and diesel-only operation, based on a diesel engine architecture. The current research project focuses on the application of pilot injection in an engine based on gasoline components of the passenger car segment, which are more cost-effective than diesel components. The investigated strategy does not aim for a diesel-only combustion, hence only small liquid quantities are used for the main purpose of providing a strong, reliable ignition source for the natural gas charge. This approach is mainly driven to provide a reliable alternative to the high spark ignition energies required for high cylinder charge densities.

When using such small liquid quantities, a standard common-rail diesel nozzle will apparently not be ideal regarding some general specifications. Due to this fact, an outwardly opening piezo injector is intended to be used due to its high performance in several aspects. An issue, which is almost unknown in literature, is the atomization behavior for fuel types differing significantly from the viscosity properties of regular gasoline fuel.

The aim of this publication is to clarify, whether the outwardly opening piezo injector can produce an atomization quality, which is sufficient to be used as a pilot injection ignition source for natural gas engines. The experimental results were obtained by means of a combined methodology using both Mie-scattering and PDA (Phase Doppler Anemometry) in a constant volume chamber. The injected masses showed a difference of up to 30% for the examined fuels, whereas liquid penetrations displayed a smaller difference. The Sauter Mean Diameters (SMD) for diesel-like fuels were 5…10μm larger compared to operation on gasoline-like fuels. Additionally, the needle motion for given actuation parameters was studied using a laser vibrometer. Influences of rail pressure, injector temperature, actuation time and reproducibility were investigated, showing that the injector has great reproducibility, but on the other hand requires a complex understanding of the actuation strategy in engine operation.
A Batch Blending System for Continuous Production of Multi-Component
Fuel Blends for Engine Laboratory Tests
Authors: Larsson Tara , Erlandsson Anders
Published: September 2020

The increased rates of research on complex fuel blends in engine applications
poses a need for more efficient and accurate fuel blending processes in engine
laboratories. Making the fuel blending process automatic, effective, accurate
and flexible saves time, storage space and cost without compromising the tests
of future fuel alternatives. To meet these requirements, an automatic fuel
blending system, following a sequential batch process, was designed and tested
for engine laboratory application.

The fuel blending system was evaluated in terms of functionality, safety,
accuracy and repeatability. The functionality and safety was evaluated through a
risk analysis. Whereas, the accuracy and repeatability of the system was
investigated through blend preparation tests. The results show that the minimum
fuel mass limitation of the system is 0.5 kg. This allows for blends with fuel
ratios as low as 7 vol-% to be prepared by the system. The mean relative errors
for all tested fuels are below 5% by mass, enabling a wide range of fuels to be
used in the system. The absolute error in fuel ratio is 0.5 vol-% or less. In
addition, the relative error in fuel ratio of the prepared blends is below 4%
for all but one of the tested blends. Moreover, the system can prepare all of
the tested fuel blends in 5 minutes.
Beyond Noack Volatility: New Perspective for Engine Lubricant Oil and Particle Emissions
Authors: Paoloni Francois , Burette Gautier , Gohl Marcus , Lensch-Franzen Christian , Holzmüller Jan
Published: September 2020

Reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions are key factors in the current development of powertrains. Engine oil has proven to be an efficient lever for improving fuel economy. The full potential of a low viscosity lubricant could be achieved by a shift towards formulations with low viscosity, high volatility base oils. However, there is a concern that this might increase oil consumption and limit long oil drain intervals.

This article deals with the engine lubricant contribution to oil and particle emissions. A series of 0W-12 oil prototypes have been evaluated both within laboratory measurements and on a modern turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine. Correlation between oil emission and engine oil properties will be presented.

The impact of engine oil on particle emissions has also been investigated under different engine operating conditions. A focus on particle size distribution demonstrates the relevance of transient driving conditions to the formation of unregulated emissions. Time-resolved measurement of a dynamic driving cycle provides a valuable insight to achieving additional emission reduction under real drive conditions.
Contribution of Lubricant Additives to Ash Generation on a Close-Coupled GPF
Authors: Caillaud Stephane , Courtois Olivier , Delvigne Thierry , Hennebert Benjamin
Published: September 2020

In order to meet the particulate emission targets (6 x 1011 #/km), some gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines might require the use of particulate filters (GPF). The lifetime of wall-flow filters is influenced by the composition of the engine lubricant due to its potential to contribute to the ash accumulation in the GPF.

Due to space constraints and to facilitate trapping and soot regeneration, a large number of GPFs will be in closed-coupled configuration. A study was carried out on an endurance test with a radio labelling method and conventional mass gain measurement to evaluate this GPF configuration, and verify the impact of metallic additives contained in the lubricant such as magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) based detergent, a zinc (Zn) based anti-wear, and a molybdenum (Mo) based friction modifier.

Two oils were evaluated, with two levels (0.85%-1.1%) of SAPS (Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulphur). In total, 4.5kg of oil were consumed for a global mass gain of the TWC and the GPF of 30g. The test methodology allowed to determine the laws of evolution of the GPF ash loading for each element monitored (Ca, Mg, Zn, Mo), based on the content of the element in the oil and oil consumption. This, in order to facilitate oil formulation and GPF sizing. This study also demonstrate that the main contributor is the detergent, far beyond Mo and Zn. The post-mortem ashes analysis showed that the lubricant is not the only contributor to the ashes, wear elements and fuel impurities are also involved.
Gas Bubble Development in Connecting Rod Supply Systems Caused by Oil Aeration
Authors: Pendovski Denis , Pischinger Stefan , Gretzki Marcel , Henaux Daniel
Published: September 2020

This paper focusses on the supply conditions of a connecting rod bearing. Thereto, a novel simulation approach is presented, which is based on a transient 3D-CFD multiphase flow simulation including the ability of gas dissolution and diffusive mass transfer. The model determines the pressure behavior and the gas bubble development in the oil supply system of a connecting rod bearing. It allows to visualize the flow behavior and the existence of gas bubbles in order to get a detailed impression of the physical occurrences. The experimental results from Maaßen [5], where a big gas bubble is formed in the supply bore by gas cavitation, are confirmed and used for validation. Further the flow behavior of free air ratios is investigated. The paper concludes that the supply conditions of a connecting rod bearing are strongly influenced by the gas bubble in terms of the fluid composition and the volume flow rate at the connecting rod bearing inlet. These results serve as an important basis for the definition of more detailed boundary conditions for (thermal) hydrodynamic bearing simulations.
Mastering the Art of Cylinder Bore Honing
Authors: Zhmud Boris , Chobany David
Published: September 2020

Honing is a stock removal process intended to perfect bore geometry and size by removing a minimal metal layer while generating a finish pattern to provide optimum lubricant retention. The hone process produces extremely tight tolerances in straightness, roundness, size, and surface finish of cylindrical bores. The material removal is effected by abrasive stones of suitable grit and grade that are expanded against the work surface of the cylinder bore under controlled pressure while being rotated and reciprocated at the same time. Combining these motions produces a characteristic crosshatch pattern with a dedicated surface roughness profile essential for the piston/bore tribology, which in its turn affects the engine performance. Multistep honing processes that combine rough honing with peak or plateau honing are increasingly used to produce state-of-the-art surface finishes without compromising productivity. The outcome of the honing process - not only in terms of the GD&T but also the tribology of the finished component - depends on a great number of parameters including the machine type, working conditions, tools, process fluid, and most importantly the operator experience. As the piston/bore tribology is concerned, mechanochemical processes offers significant advantages over conventional mechanical processes. Thus, the mechanochemical finishing of cylinder bores using the Triboconditioning® process allows one to reduce friction mean effective pressure of the piston/bore system by 5 to 15% at the same time significantly reducing piston ring wear, blowby and oil consumption.
ŞÜPHEDEN TEDAVİYE OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞUNDA AİLELERİN GÖZÜNDEN YAŞANAN SORUNLAR
Authors: TURAN Bahadır , ESİN İbrahim Selçuk , ABANOZ Elif , DURSUN Onur Burak
Published: September 2020

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) tanısı alan çocukların ebeveynlerinin günlük yaşamlarında ve sosyal alanlarda karşılaştıkları sorunları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktayız. Çalışmaya, DSM-5'e göre OSB tanısı konulan, çocuk psikiyatri kliniğinde takip edilen ve çalışmaya katılım için yazılı onam veren 109 ebeveyn dâhil edilmiştir. Konuyla ilgili kapsamlı bir literatür taramasından sonra çalışmada kullanılmak üzere geliştirilen anket; OSB hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri, tanı ve tedavi sürecinde karşılaştıkları güçlükleri değerlendirmeye yönelik 83 soruyu kapsamaktadır. Katılımcıların % 56'sı OSB'yi daha önce hiç duymadığını, %61'inin OSB'de zekâ düzeyinin değişebileceğini bilmediğini ve % 74'ünün OSB'yi sadece çocuklarda görülen bir bozukluk olarak düşündüğünü belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların % 52'si 0-2 yaş arası çocuklarının gelişimini düzenli bir sağlık merkezinde izlendiğini, % 88'i çocuklarının gelişimi konusunda kaygılanan ilk kişilerin kendileri ve geniş aileleri olduğunu ve % 52,3'ü çocuklarının gelişimiyle ilgili kaygılarının 1-2 yaşlarında olduğunu bildirmiştir. Otizmli çocukları sosyal yaşama dâhil etmeyi engelleyen faktörler arasında sayılan OSB farkındalığı, yoğun olarak çalışılan alanlardan birisidir. Ancak, özellikle ruh sağlığı uzmanları tarafından topluma, sağlık çalışanlarına ve otizm tanısı konulan çocukların ebeveynlerine farkındalık eğitimi verilmesi oldukça önemlidir.
Profit Maximization in Islam
Authors: Ghori Sonia
Published: September 2020

The Islamic financial system is based on the betterment of society. It discourages any discrimination among the people and promotes equal distribution of wealth among the people. This study aims to investigate the concept of Profit maximization in Islam by taking evidence from the Quran, authentic Hadith, and Islamic scholars Fatwa. The center discussion of this paper would be based on theoretical aspects. Islam promotes the idea of business and trade, business profits, and motivates them to search and strive for ‘halal’ profit. This can be proved by different Quranic Verses and Hadith and Fatwa. The study also has a great example of our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). The convention of many hadith with the profit as a benchmark may be used as an alternative to interest in Islamic financing. The study is an effort to discuss the features of the Islamic concept of profitability and distinguish between halal and haram profit and discussed the questions to which extent profit is acceptable for Muslims.
Farklı Tuz Kaynak ve Konsantrasyonlarının Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenme Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Gülcan DEMİROĞLU TOPÇU  , Şükrü Sezgi ÖZKAN
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, farklı tuzluluk kaynakları (CaCl2, KCl, MgCl2 ve NaCl) ve bu bileşiklerin farklı konsantrasyonlarının (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 g/lt) arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) tohumlarının çimlenme ve erken fide evresindeki bazı büyüme özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin saptanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede, bitkisel materyal olarak iki sıralı arpa çeşidi Sur-93 kullanılmıştır. Çimlenme oranı (%), sürgün ve kök uzunluğu (cm), sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (mg), kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (mg) ile tuz tolerans indeksi (%) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çimlenme oranı dışındaki tüm özelliklerde uygulamalar arası farklılıklar ile interaksiyonlar istatistikî olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çimlenme özellikleri açısından tohumlar, diğer tuz kaynaklarına göre KCl kaynağından nispeten daha az etkilenmiştir.
PARANOIA AND JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Kamrani Farhan , Kamrani Nabila , Kamrani Farrukh
Published: September 2020

The present study investigated the relationship between paranoia and job satisfaction. Paranoia is defined as suspiciousness and the feeling of being threatened even if there is no proof of real threat. Paranoia is a concept that is often ignored in researches in Pakistan and rarely explored in context of any concept related to occupational life. After a detailed literature review, it was hypothesized that paranoia would be negatively correlated to job satisfaction. The sample of the present research consisted of 154 professionals (77 male, 77 female) from different work settings. Paranoia was measured with the Feingstein Paranoia Scale Urdu version (FPSU) and job satisfaction was measured by the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS). Statistical analysis though Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicates that there is a strong negative correlation between paranoia and job satisfaction. Recommendations for employers and policy makers, avenues of future researches are discussed.
Variations in the Use of Racing Coil and Iridium Spark Plugs in Gasoline Engines, A Comparative Study
Authors: Putra Oka Sandrio , Nasir M
Published: September 2020

The increasing number of vehicles has resulted in an increase in air pollution. Innovations were made to improve engine performance and reduce levels of exhaust emissions. This research was conducted on several types of racing coil and iridium spark plugs which will be examined for their ability to reduce levels of exhaust emissions. Several types of racing coil and spark plug racing (iridium) are mounted on a gasoline motor and then tested and compared the exhaust emissions. The gasoline engine used is the Honda Supra X 125 motorcycle, the results of the study indicate the Blue Thunder coil and NGK Iridium are able to improve engine performance and reduce levels of exhaust emissions.
Analysis of Mixing Used Oil with Solar As Fuel Against Smoke Thickness in Diesel Motors
Authors: Nanda Iffarial , Martias Martias , Sugiarto Toto
Published: September 2020

Effect of the precision of smoke of diesel motor vehicles by utilizing used oil mixed with diesel fuel. The purpose of this study is to know the mix up to what percentage of used oil that can be used as fuel to the precision of diesel motor fume in accordance with the limits of regulation of the Ministry of Environment No. 05 of 2016. For testing of Smoke thickness using gauge opacity smokemeter, used is used oil 5% mixed with solar 95%, used oil 10% mixed diesel 90%, used oil 15% mixed with diesel 85%, used oil 20% mixed 80% solar, used oil 40% mixed diesel 60%, oil used 60% mixed 40% solar, 80% used oil mixed with 20% diesel, and 100% used oil. at acceleration engine speed Acceleration is done three times on each sample and then compare for each samples tested. From result of research can be concluded that semekin big percentage of mixing of used oil hence influence to smoke thickness in Isuzu Panther diesel motor. The used oil mixture of 5% to 40% of the resulting smoke thickness is still within the threshold of the exhaust emissions in accordance with Regulation of the Ministry of Environment No. 5 of 2006 which is smoke thickness below 70%.
Human Machine Interface for Automation System of Handling Station
Authors: Amin Al , Risfendra Risfendra
Published: September 2020

Industries have implemented automation technology to increase their productivity. One machine that applies automation technology is the handling station. This machine is useful for moving parts or components in the industry. For the performance of this machine to be monitored directly, we need a system that can control and monitor the work process of this tool. This article is an explanation of the results of the study aimed at designing the HMI handling station automation system using a PLC as its controller, HMI as a media for operation and monitoring of machines, magnetic sensors, inductive sensors and pressure sensors to detect machine conditions. Research conducted using quantitative methods. After testing, the system can be monitored and controlled through HMI, besides that data recording carried out with a data logger can also record the system work process directly when the system is run.
Color Sensor Application on Electric Drives
Authors: Risfendra Risfendra , Rosyid M Harun
Published: September 2020

TCS3200 is one type of sensor that able to identify various types of colors. Its ability to distinguish colors can be used to identify and select various types of objects. To find out the benefits of the TCS300 sensor, a study was made to know implement the TCS3200 sensor function on several electric drive and  devices. The TCS3200 sensor application will be made using a 5V DC relay (to start or stop the electric drive) and several electronic devices. This tool uses media in the form of color cards as input data. The card will be read by the TCS3200 sensor, after that the reading data will be received by the Atmega8535 microcontroller, then the results will be displayed on several application devices such as relays, LCD, speaker and LED as outputs. After doing research, the TCS3200 sensor can detect the color cards that have been provided. Based on the program that has been compiled, the Sensor is able to distinguish 9 types of colors, set the switch of 3 electric drive and displaying information of color.

TCS3200 adalah salah satu jenis sensor yang mampu mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis warna. Kemampuannya dalam membedakan warna dapat digunakan sebagai pemilih dan pengendali kerja pada beberapa perangkat kelistrikan. Untuk mengetahui manfaat sensor TCS300, sebuah penelitian dilakukan guna mengetahui fungsi sensor TCS3200 pada beberapa penggerak dan perangkat listrik.  Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah aplikasi sensor TCS3200 dalam bentuk perangkat relay DC 5V (untuk memulai atau menghentikan penggerak listrik) dan beberapa perangkat elektronik. Alat ini menggunakan media dalam bentuk kartu warna sebagai input data. Kartu akan dibaca oleh sensor TCS3200, setelah itu data pembacaan akan diterima oleh mikrokontroler Atmega8535, kemudian hasilnya akan ditampilkan pada beberapa perangkat aplikasi seperti relay, LCD, speaker dan LED sebagai output. Sensor akan bekerja membaca warna dalam jarak 2,5 cm dari objek warna. Setelah melakukan penelitian, sensor TCS3200 dapat mendeteksi kartu warna yang telah disediakan. Berdasarkan program yang telah disusun, Sensor mampu membedakan 9 jenis warna dan membutuhkan waktu 1 - 2 detik untuk mengaktifkan output setelah input warna diberikan.