bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of pumice spatial distribution to determine the initial conditions and the ballistic effects of Samalas eruption
Authors: Hiden
Published: March 2021

Mount Barujari is an active volcano on Lombok Island located within the Mount Rinjani Complex. This spot is suspected of having had a massive eruption, hence the spread of pumice, with deposits assumed to have buried previously existing royal sites. The phenomenon of the distribution of volcanic sediments, especially pumice deposits, has not been studied qualitatively and quantitatively concerning the eruption dynamics in this complex. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of pumice to determine the plume column dynamics and effects of the Samalas eruption 1257, and it was verified by the Kelud eruption in 2014. The results showed that the ballistic terminal velocity without atmospheric effects was 914.09 m/s, while the impact velocity was 955.50 m/s. These are both equivalents to 2.69 Mach (supersonic speed), resulting in a huge eruption explosion, which is heard up to a distance of 3000 km, often caused by the drag coefficient. Furthermore, the calculated drag coefficient shows the dynamics of current plume flow, including the transition zone between stable (Stoke’s Law) and turbulent flow (Newton’s Law). Simultaneously, the Samalas eruption’s kinetic energy was established as equivalent to 7 on the VEI scale. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the magma Chambers and their dynamics in the future.
The effect of dopant material to optical properties: energy band gap Tin Oxide thin film
Authors: Doyan A , Susilawati  , Muliyadi L , Hakim S , Munandar H , Taufik M
Published: March 2021

The synthesis of the SnO2 thin film with doped materials of aluminum, fluorin indium, a combination of aluminum and indium, a combination of aluminum and fluorine, an a combination of the three doping agents, namely aluminum, fluorine, and indium have be successfully carried out. The purpose of this synthesis is to determine the effect of the vario doping materials on the resulting bandgap energy value. The thin layer was synthesized usi the sol-gel spin coating technique with the ratio of the base material and doping material us were 95: 5% and 85: 15%. The results showed that the higher the doping materi concentration, the resulting bandgap energy value decreased. In addition, the highest bandg energy value is found in the SnO2 thin film with indium doping, namely for direct 3.62 eV (9 5% percentage) and 3.59 eV (percentage 85: 15%), while the indirect bandgap energy value 3, 92 eV (percentage 95: 5%) and 3.67 eV (percentage 85: 15%). The lowest energy band g value is found in the SnO2 thin film with a combination of the three doping aluminum, fluorin and indium, namely for direct 3.50 eV (95: 5% percentage) and 3.41 eV (percentage 85: 15% while the energy band gap value is indirect. namely 3.81 eV (percentage 95: 5%) and 3.55 e (percentage 85: 15%). All the energy band gap range in semiconductor materials.
Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method with Modified Armijo Condition to Solve Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Wasi H. A. , Shiker Mushtak A. K.
Published: March 2021

Conjugate gradient methods more used in the field of unconstrained optimization, particularly large scale problems, Armijo condition one of the simple rule are commonly used to analyses and applications of CG methods. In this paper we exhibit a new modified for the Armijo condition with established converges globally of the conjugate gradient method and best numerical results.
Bloom-Quotient Based Name Matching Technique in Content Centric Networks
Authors: Alhisnawi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is a novel network paradigm in which the communication process focusses on content rather than the host. In the current network architecture, routers forward the incoming packets based on the routing information that already had. Whereas, forwarding decisions in CCN are taken depending on networks situation. The contents in CCN are retrieved depending on their names which are URL like names that are composing of a number of string parts separated by’/’. These names are stored inside a specific data structure, called Forwarding Information Base (FIB), inside CCN routers and they are used to forward any incoming packet. Therefore, the main two challenges that face the design of FIB table are: search speed and storage utilization. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a new name matching technique (named BF-QF FIB) to design and implement a FIB table in CCN routers in order to decrease the storage utilization and to increase the lookup speed. This technique utilizes two kinds of query data structures: Bloom filter (BF) and Quotient filter (QF) as its main data structures. The utilization of these two data structures will ensure low memory usage and high lookup speed. The results of our evaluation show that BF-QF FIB can guarantee high search rate and offer perfect scalability to large FIB tables.
Resolve partially the inner disk for Epsilon Eridani
Authors: Taha Anas S. , Rashed Y. E. , Kadhem Arshed A.
Published: March 2021

We present mid-infrared imaging observations of the debris disk around one of the main sequence star Epsilon Eridani in the Q-band at (20.5 µm) and (17.6 µm). The dust that produces emission in debris disk is spatially resolved in the inner region of the debris disk of Epsilon Eridani at distance approximately between 1.4 - 4 AU.

Method: The target has been observed Epsilon Eridani using the GTC (Gran Telescope Canaria) with CanariaCam instrument, which performs imaging in mid-IR (Q-band). To detect the disk around Epsilon Eridani star, we observed a standard star and the target star, consequently. We then measured the PSF (Point Spread Function) of our standard star to limit the radial flux profile of our target star. The images were centred to the center images before subtracted the radial flux of the standard star from the radial profile of science target to get the residual flux which is produced by the debris disk. The first important step is removing the background effect from images with contribution flux of star. For this, we calculated the standard deviation of background as well as the seeing variation during the observation to estimate the value of stellar flux residuals.

Result: The dust emission around the debris disk is spatially resolved and the size of the emission is determined. The dust detected around Epsilon Eridani is located in the same distance from the star where a giant planet has confirmed. The photometry measurements are achieved for emission 0.268 Jy and the flux of the star is 2.18 Jy.
Ecological Study and Peroxidase Activity of Some Medical Plant (Asteraceae) Growth Wildly in Anbar Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Hameed Ashwaq Talib , Dawd Shaimaa Mohe , Al Bahadly Zina Kh
Published: March 2021

Seventeen genera of Asteraceae family were studied in the western regions of Iraq - Al-Anbar governorate in terms of environment and their spread in them, which was characterized by species that were more widespread and invasive in different environments such as Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxucum officinale and Lactuca serriole, and the species were widespread in dry areas far from residential areas. Which was characterized by dry clay or gravel soils such as Artemisia herba-alba and Achellia fragrantissima, and the peroxidase enzyme was extracted by phosphate buffer from the seeds of the studied plants, which gave a variation in the enzymatic activity values. Aizoon hispanicum plant, as it was 0.0023 units / ml. The values have a relationship with the plant environment, as the desert areas plants gave higher enzyme values.
Glucose Bio Sensor Base Nanocomposite Graphene/Tio2
Authors: Sakban Raunaq H. , Abdulalmohsin Samir M. , Noori Mohammed D.
Published: March 2021

The use of graphene and titanium oxide nano-mixtures in a wide variety of physical products, such as solar panels, biosensors and fuel cells. Owing to the special general physical properties of TiO2 and graphene, graphene has a huge conductivity to sustain TiO2 and is used as a photo catalyst in water and moisture solutions in bio nano sensors. TiO2 has special features, such as stability low toxicity and cost-effectiveness. Primary findings have shown that the manufacture of the system sensor displays a great and quick reaction to glucose to be the ideal biosensor unit The use of TiO2 is limited by its wide band gap energy contributing to light absorbance in the UV spectrum area and the relatively high rate of recombination of photo-generated electrons. The use of G / TiO2 to improve photocatalytic behavior and stability so that maximum electrical sensitivity can be achieved. Preparation of Titanium dioxide / Graphene nanocomposite thin film for glucose exposure by spray pyrolysis technology (SPT), Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are structural and morphology studies.
Quasi – injective Gamma acts
Authors: Abbas Mehdi. S. , Al–Saadi Saad. A. , Faris Abdulqader
Published: March 2021

In this work we introduce the concept of quasi – injective gamma acts as a generalization of both injective and weakly injective gamma acts. In general we study the endomorphism set of gamma acts and certain types of gamma subacts which are used later. In the main part, we study basic properties of quasi – injective gamma acts and the effect of their endomorphism set to quasi – injective. We show that for any gamma act there is quasi – injective extension.
Pseudo maximal submodules
Authors: Faris Hairan I. , Jasim Rana H. , Mohammed Nada J.
Published: March 2021

“Let R be a commutative ring with identity and β be left unitaryR− module”. We introduced in this paper the concept of pseudo maximal submodule which was a new generalization of the concept of maximal submodule, several basic properties, of this concept are given. Furthermore, characterization of this concept in the class of multiplication modules are introduced. “Moreover the pseudo Jacobson radical of modules and submodules are investigated”.
Study the Effect of Tio2 Nanoparticles in Multilayers of Photoelectrode Prepared by Ball Milling Technique on The Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (Dsscs)
Authors: Abdullah N. A. , Ali B. , Jabbar Hashim
Published: March 2021

In this paper, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were prepared using nanoparticles of TiO2 downscaled using ball milling technique. 8 hours milling time was used at a constant speed of up to 70% of the critical speed. The obtained average particle size of (2.8 nm) was examined by means of (Fe-SEM) electron microscopy images. Thin films of these particles were prepared, and dye-sensitized solar cells were made using (N719) dye. The effect of particle size on the performance of the conversion efficiency of DSSCs was studied by balancing light scattering and surface area. Large particles have a strong light-scattering lead to a significantly decreased surface area and small particles have a large surface area and weak light scattering. Therefore, it has been proposed to utilize multiple (mono, bi and trilayers) photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells. The results showed that cell with trilayer photanode has better efficiency than that of monolayers and bilayers. the conversion efficiency (0.9%) was obtained for the single layer and (1.01%) for the bilayer and (1.18%) for the trilayer.
Inverse 2-Anti Fuzzy Domination in Anti fuzzy graphs
Authors: Yousif H. J. , Omran A. A.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this work to study the concepts of inverse 2 −anti fuzzy dominating set and inverse 2 − anti fuzzy domination number

(

γ

2
a
f

−
1

)

of anti fuzzy graph (G

af
). We discuss the inverse 2
af
domination number

(

γ

2
a
f

−
1

)

for some classes of anti fuzzy graphs and determine bounds for the same. In addition, some result is obtained
Extending Semimodules over Semirings
Authors: Alhashemi Samah , Alhossaini Asaad M. A.
Published: March 2021

The objective of our research paper is to introduce as well as to study many essential properties of the concept of extending semimodules. A semimodule S is named extending (CS) if every subsemimodule of S is essential in a direct summand of S. Therefore, extending semimodule behaviour with respect to direct sums and direct summands are examined. Moreover, studying some properties of these semimodules concepts, e.g., every direct summand of a CS-semimodule is a CS-semimodule. While the direct sum of extending semimodules is not necessarily extending.
Impact of Clay mineral type on sandstone permeability based on field investigations: case study on Labuan island, Malaysia
Authors: Risha M. , Douraghi J.
Published: March 2021

Permeability is a petrophysical parameter that can indicate the economical value of sandstone as a hydrocarbon reservoir. In presence of Clay minerals in sandstone composition, permeability can be affected significantly according to the Clay mineral type. Therefore, understanding the impact of Clay on the permeability of sandstone has a big importance in scientific research and industry as well. Although well-logs can provide very good data quality, it is not cost-effective as a preliminary tool. However, field investigations and observations are basic tools to collect valuable data in a short time at a very low cost. In this paper, 30 intervals from 10 outcrops in Labuan island were selected to be described and investigated in the field using air permeameter and portable gamma-ray spectrometer with no additional lab investigations except 3 thin-sections for validation. Tinyperm II was used to determine the permeability, while gamma-ray spectrometer was used for Clay minerals typing. Results of lithofacies, permeability, and gamma-ray have shown a lack of relation between facies and permeability in the selected outcrops while showing a significant impact of the authigenic Clay minerals on permeability according to their types and morphologies. This paper can provide a good reference for preliminary reservoir field studies.
Some New Double Sequence Spaces of Fuzzy Numbers Defined by Double Orlicz Functions Using A Fuzzy Metric
Authors: Mansoor Murtdha Mohammed , Battor Ali Hussein
Published: March 2021

This paper presents some new double sequence spaces using a double Orlicz functions and a fuzzy metric. Using the idea that a nonnegative, upper-semi continuous, normal and convex fuzzy number is the distance between two points in a fuzzy metric, we test some basic properties of the new double sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers. We also analyze the relationships between these spaces.
Thermoelectric Properties of Oligoyne-Molecular Wires
Authors: Al-Mammory Baraa A. A. , Al-Owaedi Oday A. , Al-Robayi Enas M.
Published: March 2021

Oligoynes are prototype molecular wires due to their conjugated system and the coherent tunneling transport, which aids this type of wires to transfer charges over long distances. The electric and thermoelectric characteristics for a series of Oligoyne molecular wires ((n) 3, 5, 7 and 9) are studied to explore the fundamental transport mechanisms for electrons crossing through single molecules, we probed both the electrical conductance and Seebeck coefficient for Au|molecule|Au configurations using the density functional theory (DFT). Our results not only confirmed the expected exponential decrease of conductance with the number n of triple bonds, according to the formula G

n
= A
e
−β
n
, but also demonstrated that the linear increase in the Seebeck coefficient S

n
with the number of triple bonds.
Maxwellian-Averaged Neutron Capture Cross-Sections and Thermonuclear Reaction Rates for 56,57,58Fe, 59Co, And 60Ni Isotopes at Astrophysical Energies
Authors: Ali Lana T. , Selman Ahmed A.
Published: March 2021

Initially-produced isotopes during the course of the s-process have a significant impact on the continuity and branching network of this process. Such isotopes can undergo various neutron capture mechanisms, of which (n, γ) is important. In this research, the direct, thermal, and Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS), as well as the astrophysical reaction rates of the radiative neutron-capture reactions, were calculated for 56,57,58Fe, 59Co, and 60Ni isotopes. At kinetic energies between kT = 0.037 and 482.3 keV, corresponding to astrophysical temperature in the range of 0.01 to 1GK. E1 transitions of s-wave were considered with the approximations of direct non-resonant components. The obtained MACSs and hence reaction rates were based on the data from the major measured and evaluated nuclear libraries and tables and they showed very well agreements with the most recommended database and compilations. Moreover, the effect of the direct, thermal, and negative resonance cross sections on the MACS was found to be very small and exhibit a 1/v behavior overall temperatures, with a maximum at T = 0.01GK, while the main contribution attributed to the positive resonance term, that found to dominate overall temperature range.
Utilizing blockchain technology for IoT-based healthcare systems
Authors: Mohammed Raad , Alubady Raaid , Sherbaz Ali
Published: March 2021

Recent years have witnessed a widespread interest in healthcare issues and the search for faster and safer service for patients. Electronic health record was established to provide advanced health services. Researchers seek to provide permanent and simplified ways to monitor patients remotely using remote patient monitors. One of these methods is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, where the healthcare provider can monitor the patient remotely. However, with the current centralized electronic patient record system and increase in number of IoT devices, security and privacy issues have arisen, as some patients may not want to disclose their data, in addition to particular concerns or risks that affect the patient’s life. To reduce these issues, several studies have presented the use of blockchain technology as a trustworthy network of solutions to ensure patient information security and secure the transfer of IoT devices’ data. In this regard, this research is an attempt to present a new framework that facilitates the storage and transfer of patient data in the blockchain by merging the electronic health record and remote patient monitoring techniques into a single framework using Django. This framework allows the transfer of data from IoT devices to multiple peers, making use of the smart contract provided by the Ethereum platform.
Calculation of Encircled Energy as Optical Quality Assessment Parameter for Image System
Authors: Karam Ghada S. , Abood Ziad M. , Khaled Qusy , Alwahab Khaled Abd
Published: March 2021

In this paper a theoretical investigation of the Encircled Energy of an annular pupil (with different obscuration ratio ε = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) for diffraction limited and defocus (optical system suffers from focal shift) optical system. The numerical evaluation was carried out using pupil function technique in Cartesian coordinates which has the advantage of introducing any kind and amount of aberration in the optical system. Another quality criterion for measuring the efficiency of optical systems is the Gradient determination. The maximum gradient value is near the center of the Encircled Energy curve in the image plane and will be decreases when the wave front aberration increases in the image plane. The presented results shows beater information when the optical system has a large amount of focal shift, and shows a clear reduction in the Encircled Energy values with increasing obscuration ratio This indicates that the central spot in the central ring group contains only a fraction of the total energy, so the whole set of central rings considered as the Effective Image Element.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel (Organic Material-Inorganic Nanoparticles) System for New Pressure Sensors
Authors: Jalil Hussien Huda Abdul , Kadhim Raheem G. , Hashim Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to prepare novel nanocomposite pressure sensors with lightweight, low cost, and high sensitivity. The nanocomposites of poly (ethylene oxide)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone-Tin dioxidenanoparticles -manganese dioxide nanoparticles have been investigated. The structural and dielectric properties (PEO-PVP-SnO2-MnO2) nanocomposite has been studied. Nanocomposite dielectric properties have been evaluated in the frequency range (100 -5×106)Hz. The experimental results demonstrated that as the frequency rises, the dielectric constant and dielectric losses decrease. The dielectric constant, and dielectric losses increase with the concentration of manganese dioxide nanoparticles. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with the concentration of manganese dioxide nanoparticles and the frequency. The application of nanocomposite pressure sensors in the pressure interval (80-160) bar was investigated. The results exhibited that the electric capacitance of (PEO-PVP-SnO2-MnO2) nanocomposites decreases, as the pressure increases. Also, with increasing the weight percentage of manganese dioxide nanoparticles, the electric capacitance of nanocomposites rises. The nanocomposite has a high sensitivity to pressure.
Quantum Dotes of Perovskites Solar Cells based on ZnSe as ETM
Authors: Tareq Dhuha E. , AbdulAlmohsin Samir M. , Waried Hussein H.
Published: March 2021

Numerical analysis and performance improvements of nanostructured Cu2O / CH3NH3PbI3 / ZnSe in heterojunction solar cells have been documented in this paper. The choice for conventional solar cells reaching maximum efficiency of 22.1 percent is predominant for Perovskite photovoltaics. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells in the photovoltaic research community have gained great interest because of their ease of processing. Low manufacturing costs, excellent characteristics of light-harvesting, A relatively high performance Making it more appealing than other current materials from solar cells. In this study, a numerical simulation using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) of a thin film heterojunction perovskite solar cell to study some parameters that can affect the performance of CH3NH3PbI3 PSC with Cu2O as HTL and ZnSe as ETL performed. The absorber material thickness, ETL and HTL, the absorber material bandgap, and ETL were investigated. Results have shown that the thickness of ZnSe greatly influences the device’s P Process / Analysis: The Capacitance Simulator(SCAPS) is used to perform the study of solar cell design. It is a computer-based software tool and is well adapted for homo and heterojoint, multi-junction, and photovoltaic structure analysis. This software instrument is based on the continuity and Poisson equation of the Holes and Electrons. It is used to optimize the different parameters, such as thickness and temperatures, for this model. CE. As the thickness of ZnSe decreases, the efficiency of the cell increases.
Preparation Methods and Classification Study of Nanomaterial: A Review
Authors: Imran Hadeel J. , Hubeatir Kadhim A. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Abd Dhuha Sh.
Published: March 2021

The world today stands on the brink of an important industrial revolution that is causing important progress in our lives in many industrial, medical electronics, biology, and electronics fields, etc. Nanotechnology is one of the most important sciences at this time. Nanoparticles possess very different chemical and physical properties comparative with macro scale particles. The laser ablation technique is one of the most used and important techniques used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The laser ablation technique provides the most appropriate nanoparticles with high purity. This paper reported a review of nanoparticles and its properties also the methods used to synthesis it.
Using the Generalize Laguerre Operational Matrix for The Caputo Fractional Derivatives to Solve Some Classes of Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Ali Mushtaq salh , Albuohimad Basim , Almoaeet Mohammed K
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to develop the new numerical solution method of the fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) based on the generalized Laguerre polynomials. The generalize Laguerre operational matrix for the Caputo fractional derivatives has been derived. The operational matrix was used together with the properties of the generalized Laguerre orthonormal polynomials to reduce FOCPs to the system of algebraic equations by the direct method. Five examples are included to demonstrate efficient and accurate numerical algorithms for some classes of FOCPs is considered.
Hyperfactored of The arrangements A (G
24) and A (G
27)
Authors: Abtan Rabeaa Gataa , Haraj Raneen Sabah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the hyperfactored of the complex reflection arrangements A(G
24) a
n
d
A(G
27). Depending on the lattices of the arrangements A(G
24) a
n
d
A(G
27), the basis of these arrangements has been found and then partitioned. Also, showed that A(G
24) and A(G
27), are not hyperfactored and are not inductively factored.
The Estimators of Vector Autoregressive Moving Avarege Model VARMA of Lower Order: VARMA (0,1), ARMA (1,0), VARMA (1,1), VARMA (1,2), VARMA (2,1), VARMA (2,2) with Forecasting
Authors: Al-Nasser A. H. , Abdullah L. T.
Published: March 2021

This research includes analyzing the relationship between two financial time series, which is a series of global monthly Silver price in dollar and global monthly gold price in dollar, a Vector Autoregressive Moving Avarege VARMA Model was used to analysis this relationship, for the period from January 2016 to December 2019, it is 48 monthly value, where the data has been transferred to get the Stationarity, Diekey Fuller test for the Stationarity was conducted, lower order VARMA were estimated, the best order for The model was determined through a standard Akaike information AIC, Akaike information corrected AICC, Hannan-Quinn criterion HQC, Schwarz Bayesian criterion SBC, Final prediction error criterion FPE, It turns out that the best model is VARMA(0,1), according to all standards, Some tests were conducted such as Portmanteau test, Jarque - Bera test, Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscdastic ARCH test to residuals for the selected model, with forecasting for the VARMA(0,1) model for the period from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021, It is 12 monthly value, It turns out that there is an increase in volatility for the two price forecasting series with increase in forecasting period. The simulation has been applied using three samples sizes, It turns out that the model is appropriate when the sample size (50), the result has been computed through the SAS. Program.
On the Algebraic Independence Of P−Adic Continued Fractions
Authors: Hussein Alghafil Ali Kadhim
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we give some improvements to result obtained by V. Laohakosol & P.Ubolsri, [1] related to the the algebraic independence of p−adic continued fractions.
Reliability Estimation of Cracked API 5L X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Ghelloudj O. , Zelmati D. , Berdjane D. , Gharbi A. , Achouri S. , Ramoul C. E. , Bouhamla K.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to estimate the reliability of cracked pipeline steel grade API 5L X70 used for hydrocarbon transportation, by coupling a developed mechanical model, based in one hand on the simulation of cracked specimen, and an experimental result of tensile and charpy test, and in the other hand, based on a reliability model by using a first order reliability method (FORM). These pipes are produced by the Algerian company of manufacture of welded pipes (ALFAPIPE Annaba). The experimental task such as resilience and tensile test were carried out on specimens taken from a pipe in the longitudinal and the transversal directions. The resilience tests are carried out at different temperatures in order to estimate the fracture toughness of the material, basing on a global correlation. Besides, tensile tests are performed to bring out the mechanical characteristics of the material. After, the stress intensity factor is assessed using the analytical model of IRWIN. In the reliability analysis, the limit state function is attributed to the moment when the stress intensity factor estimated by Irwin mechanical model, is equal to the fracture toughness of the steel pipe. The basic random variables within the limit state function are assumed to follow a normal distribution in order to simplify the assessment. Then, the evaluation of the reliability index and the parameters sensitivities of the cracked pipelines steel are assessed.
Some Properties of Alpha Interior and Alpha Closure in Double Bi-Topological Space
Authors: Abdulsada Dheargham Ali , Lafta Mohammed Hadi
Published: March 2021

In this paper we will present a study of a new type of internal points and closing points based on (Dɳɱα-open set) and (Dɳɱα-open set) knowledge on a double bi-topological space, with an explanation of the most important characteristics of these concepts.
G-Rad
μ-semiregular modules
Authors: Mohammed Eman , Khalid Waasan
Published: March 2021

Let R be any ring with identity and let M be aunitary left R-module The aim of this paper is to introduce G-R
a
d
µ-semiregular module as a generalization of µ-semiregular module, M is called G-R
a
d

μ
-semiregular module,∀ R

x
in M such that R
a
d

μ
(M) ≤ R

x
, there exists a decomposition M=A⊕B, where A is projective submodule of R

x
and B∩R

x
≪
μ

M. On the other hand the notion of R-F-µ-semiregular module as a generalization of F-µ-semiregular module is defined, Let M be an R-module, and let F be a proper submodule of M, M is called R-F-µ-semiregular module, if for each x ∈ M, such that R
a
d

μ
(M) ≤ F, there exists a projective summand submodule A of R

x
, such that M=A⊕B, B ≤ M and B∩R

x
≪
μ
F. Finally, a condition under which µ-semiregular module be G-R
a
d

μ
-semiregular module, is given the basic properties of G-R
a
d

μ
-semiregular module. and R-F-µ-semiregular module are proved.
Determine the Effect Hookah Smoking on Health with Different Types of Tobacco by using Parallel Processing Technique
Authors: Tawfiq L N M , Khamas A H
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we design efficient neural network as classification problem to examine the perception of health risks of different types of tobacco use in comparison to hookah use among 600 participants respond to a survey conducted in Baghdad city, who never smoke or smoke cigarette, hookah, both cigarette and hookah; and determine whether smoking status influenced the perceived health risks of hookah smoking when compared to other forms of tobacco use. The input data for suggested design is obtained from survey had 30 questions including questions about demographics, socioeconomic status, health care, etc. the network training based on numerical optimization procedure. This technique is much faster as compared to traditional approaches and it also provides highly accurate results. This study found that 48.1%of the participants believed that hookah was less harmful than each of the other tobacco products studied. Approximately 26% of cigarette smokers are likely to smoke hookah also. These findings emphasize the importance of spreading awareness about the health risks associated with hookah smoking and implementing strict laws for showing tobacco-related warnings in hookah advertisements and on the packets of hookah accessories given the increasing popularity of hookah, especially among the youth, in the Baghdad city.
Using Nano Composites to Purify Water from Phenol Pollutants
Authors: Talib Salam Hussein , Challab Mohammed Khlaif , Hussein Alhameedawi Firas Ali
Published: March 2021

Nano industry is applicable to refinery of water. This study presents the theoretical model in order to separating the phenol pollution with polymer Nano composite. Relation shown that the bending the particles is a method to identification of this particles. Increasing the size of phenol lead to suitable performance of polymer nano composite to refinery of water. Magnet property helps to high performance in absorbing the phenol nanoparticles. Performance of this method is higher than 60%. This result is suitable to resume the separating the nanoparticles. But size of particle has no relation with performance of this method.
Mathematical Optimization Techniques in Computational of Biological Models
Authors: Hadi Huda Amer , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is focused on the mathematical optimization in computational systems biological models based on find the good method that gives converges faster. Our strategy is to use Bundle Method instead of using Subgradient Methods. Also, we improve the convergence of theoretical properties of the methods. The basic idea of approximation is the subdifferential of the objective function by using subgradients from previous iterations of a bundle method.
Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro–Differential Equation Using 6thOrder Runge-Kutta Method
Authors: Al-Shimmary A. F. , Hussain A. K. , Radhi S.K.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a 6thorder Runge-Kutta with seven stages method for finding the numerical solution of Volterra integro-differential equation is considered. The integral term in the Volterra integro-differential equation approximated using the Lagrange interpolation numerical method is discussed. Some illustrative examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method and the results are compared with the 5thorder Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg and the Improved Runge-Kutta of the 5thorder method, Tables and Figures are provided to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method as well as the approximate accuracy of results. All numerical calculations in this paper have been carried out with MATLAB.
Asymptotic Regional Gradient Reduced-Order Observer
Authors: Al-Saphory Raheam A. , Al-Jawari Naseif J. , Al-Janabi Asmaa N.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to extend the notion of general asymptotic regional gradient observer (G
A
R
G-observer) to the reduced order case. More precisely, we study and discuss the existing of this approach in a sub-region of the considered domain. Thus, we show that the approach is enables to estimate the unknown part of the state gradient when the output function gives part of information about the region state in ω. The characterization of this notion depend on regional gradient strategic sensors (R
G
S-sensor) concept in order that asymptotic regional gradient reduced-order observability (A
R
G
R
O-observability) to be achieved and analyzed. An application presented to various situation cases of strategic sensors.
Numerical Solution of a Two-Dimensional Laplace Equation with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kahlaf Saja J. , Mhassin Ali A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we use numerical techniques to find the approximate solution of the two-dimensional Laplace equation with. Dirichlet boundary conditions. We have applied two methods. in particular in order to obtain the numerical solution to this equation. The first is the finite difference method using two different factors (five and nine points) for the Laplace.equation. The second method is finite elements in regular shape. We compared the numerical solutions obtained by these two methods. We found that the finite difference method using different factor( nine-point )method is the most accurate method after we compare these results with the exact solution.
Force Field Feature Extraction Using Fast Algorithm for Face Recognition Performance
Authors: Qasim Kian Raheem , Qasim Sara Salman
Published: March 2021

Face recognition is method of recognizing individuals by facial expressions. It has become essential for security and surveillance applications, including banks, organisations, workplaces, and social areas, and is needed everywhere. In face recognition, there are a variety of difficulties faced, including face shape, age, sex, lighting, and other variable factors. Another problem is that the scale of the servers for these apps is relatively limited. Education and acknowledgment, thus, are increasingly complicated. In recent years, many unchanged features have been proposed in the literature, in this paper approach the use of the fast algorithm as local descriptors, and as we shall see, it is not only fixed-size features, but also offers the advantage of being highly efficient. The proposed approach allows distinguishing the destination after converting the image to the HSV system, after which the force field features will be extracted using the fast algorithm and then classification by using the distance for three methods (Manhattan, Euclidean, and Cosine) through which a comparison is made to choose the best resolution, as it was found that the resulting accuracy of the two dataset (ORL and UFI) is 99.9%.
Testing Two Halo Models by Galactic Rotation Curve
Authors: Mohammed Ali Israa Abdulqasim
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the observed data from the rotation curve of NGC 4651 galaxy from Very Large Array (VLA) and examine the results from isothermal and Bose–Einstein Condensate models. It is found that both models can be closed to the derived rotation curve from observations for this source. By fitting the observed rotation curve with the expectation models, the mass of halo from models is about 2 × 1011 M⊚. Hence, NGC 4651 galaxy can be dominated by the invisible matter.
Systematized Warehouse Based On IoT
Authors: Bakyalakshmi V , Anithamary M , Bharathy R , Jhanani Shree U
Published: March 2021

In general, distribution centers are utilized to store merchandise or items. In the distribution centers, if the client needs to find any item it is troublesome, in light of the fact that the client needs to do a nitty-gritty hunt physically in all the accessible stockrooms this requires a great deal of exertion. So to stay away from this issue the distribution center stock administration framework is useful in light of the fact that it keeps up the definite item data and lets us know in which stockroom the item is available. In spite of the way that there are various far off correspondence advancements the RFID suits the best for the dispersion community stock organization structure. The name information is moved from the transmitter section to open-source gear through a distant association with the guide of the web. The appropriation community stock organization structure dependent on the designing of the Internet of Things is made to follow the things associated with the marks with thing information and their specific time stamps for extra checks. The all-out framework gives a model to relate the data stream and material stream. The site page which is an inherent understanding to give advantageous and an interface to the client to follow the items. The created framework results in an exceptionally ease framework and works powerfully contrasted and the current present stockroom stock administration frameworks.
Automated Energy Efficient Solar Power Management System Using Impedance Source Inverter
Authors: Jhanani Shree U , Bharathy R , Anithamary M , Bakyalakshmi V
Published: March 2021

World population needs to cope up with increasing demand of renewable resources in modern world has led to the need to build up an exceptionally steady suspension framework equipped for working in multi-territory surfaces. To plan a superior, ease inverter for photovoltaic framework dependent on Impedance source idea. Conventional Voltage-source inverter and current source inverter has improved to the new Impedance source inverter. This impedance source inverter can give a solitary stage power change idea while the customary inverter requires two phase power transformations. It can control the inverter yield power, track the PV board’s greatest force point, as well as handling the power of the battery simultaneously. The device board is followed as per the course of the sun so that maximum amount of the source (sun light) can be utilized. This will result in 20%–30 % increase in efficiency. Test results are introduced for approval of the hypothetical examination and regulator plan.
Global simulations of marine plastic transport show plastic trapping in coastal zones
Authors: Onink Victor , Jongedijk Cleo E , Hoffman Matthew J , van Sebille Erik , Laufkötter Charlotte
Published: March 2021

Global coastlines potentially contain significant amounts of plastic debris, with harmful implications for marine and coastal ecosystems, fisheries and tourism. However, the global amount, distribution and origin of plastic debris on beaches and in coastal waters is currently unknown. Here we analyze beaching and resuspension scenarios using a Lagrangian particle transport model. Throughout the first 5 years after entering the ocean, the model indicates that at least 77% of positively buoyant marine plastic debris (PBMPD) released from land-based sources is either beached or floating in coastal waters, assuming no further plastic removal from beaches or the ocean surface. The highest concentrations of beached PBMPD are found in Southeast Asia, caused by high plastic inputs from land and limited offshore transport, although the absolute concentrations are generally overestimates compared to field measurements. The modeled distribution on a global scale is only weakly influenced by local variations in resuspension rates due to coastal geomorphology. Furthermore, there are striking differences regarding the origin of the beached plastic debris. In some exclusive economic zones (EEZ), such as the Indonesian Archipelago, plastic originates almost entirely from within the EEZ while in other EEZs, particularly remote islands, almost all beached plastic debris arrives from remote sources. Our results highlight coastlines and coastal waters as important reservoirs of marine plastic debris and limited transport of PBMPD between the coastal zone and the open ocean.
Developing solar energy in household scale at Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Hang Vo , Nguyen Thi Phuong Vy
Published: March 2021

In 2019, Ho Chi Minh City has a total population of 8.99 million with GRDP around 6.021 USD/year [1]. Given the population size and the above GDP level, the electricity consumption demand for production and living purposes in the City was 83 million kWh per day in 2019 [2]. With high electricity demand, it must have developed the rate of renewable energy supply. And in Tan Binh district area, the population is considered quite high and is one of the economic development areas of the city. In Ho Chi Minh City, the sufficient supply of electricity is the top concern. And Tan Binh district is one of 24 districts belong to Ho Chi Minh City with crowded residential and industrial parks, that also has 1-2 houses applying solar energy. In there, solar energy is developing with industrial scale in many enterprises. So, this research was initial survey the potential using solar energy for household and the challenges of resident in Tan Binh district about applying solar energy for their home. According this study, now there is 1 house using and rating positively about solar energy combine national power grid. Around 92% people (1,500 interviewers in 15 wards) think that using solar energy is potential applying in their home because it gains the economic efficiency for reducing electricity fee. But it’s only 23% household interested in using solar energy in their house, when 50% citizens unsure about that. As the results, the factors effective their decision are the policies support from national government about using solar energy and the increasing of electricity bill. It’s a point for encounrage the applying solar energy in household scale in Ho Chi Minh.
Analysis of changes in the agricultural and forest areas and the impact of socio-economic activities in the Ba River Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Truong Nhat Kieu , Thy Pham Thi Mai , Nguyen Lam Dao , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: March 2021

In the Ba river basin, the natural forest area has been decreasing and agriculture area has been increasing at an uneven rate for the last 30 years. Objective of this research is analysing the change in the agricultural and forest areas under the impact of socioeconomic activities in this basin. Landsat satellite images with a resolution of 30 m acquired from 1989 to 2019 were used to assess the changes. To enhance the classification speed of data, this research applied the online Google Earth Engine platform and GIS tools to process and edit results. The results showed that the largest decrease in forest area was from 1989-2000 (-159,000 ha) while the agricultural area increased the most in the period 2010-2017 with more than 176,000 ha. The main reasons of conversion forest land into agricultural land such as fruit trees and perennial industrial crops were the increasing of population and agricultural prices. Besides, the demand of electricity caused the deforestation for hydropower plantations.
Overall and Partial Trend Identification of High Resolution Gridded Rainfall Data over Vietnam by Applying Innovative-Şen Trend Analysis (ITA) Method
Authors: Phan T H , Dang N D P , Le M H , Nguyen T H , Nguyen N T , Hoa N P , Nguyen K L
Published: March 2021

Trend detection in rainfall time series is a prime task to provide reliable outcomes for better planning and management of water resources under climate change. This study investigated the rainfall trends in seasonal and monthly rainfall over Vietnam, using high-resolution gridded datasets from 1980 to 2010. Possible trends in rainfall values were detected by a recently proposed Innovative-Şen Analysis (ITA) method, which allows identifying the trends of the low, medium, and high values of a series. The outcomes showed high domination of significantly increasing trends in annual rainfall. Moreover, the analysis of partial trends in the time series identified a sequence of alternating decreasing, increasing, and trendless seasonal and monthly rainfall. On the other hand, opposite trends were found for extreme rainfall, in which the high values in the rainy season showed negative trends, while the positive trends of low values in the dry season were indicated. Besides, based on categorization, the low, medium, and high monthly rainfall values of the seven sub-regions were mainly evaluated, which occurred in different trends. The high values in monthly of the rainy season had also detected an upward trend, and the low values in monthly dry season existed downward trends that are expected that these results will be associate with rainfall trends with floods and droughts. Besides, the study showed that the ITA method could be successfully used in trends analysis for gridded datasets of rainfall variables.
Isolation and characterization of acetic acid bacteria from palm sap (Arenga pinnata Merr.) for a starter culture in the production of Java plum (Syzigium cumini L.) vinegar
Authors: Maliza N O , Sulaiman M I , Yunita D
Published: March 2021

This study aims to isolate and characterize the AAB from the palm sap collected from Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia, in order to determine its viability as a starter culture in the production of Java plum vinegar. The palm sap was collected from three villages (Pagar Air, Seulimum and Lam Pakuk) after aging for 30 days. The samples were grown on Yeast-Glucose-Carbonate agar for AAB isolation and microbiological analysis and were examined for total cell counts, pH, total soluble solid (TSS), and alcohol content in triplicate. This study has successfully isolated 2 isolates from Pagar Air village (P1, P2), 1 isolate from Seulimum village (P3), and 2 isolates from Lam Pakuk village (P4, P5) with different colony characteristics. The characteristics of Gram negative, catalase positive, and oxidase negative suggest AAB were represented on P2 and P5 isolates only. Based on TSS analysis, the bacteria in palm sap from Pagar Air village could successfully convert sugar into alcohol. Therefore, P2 has the potential to be used as a starter culture in the java plum vinegar production process.