bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hidden lives of objects: Comments on Karen Ng's Hegel's concept of life
Authors: Yeomans Christopher
Published: December 2021

Karen Ng's Hegel's Concept of Life tackles one of the hardest problems – the placement and status of the category of life within treatises on epistemology and logic—within what are already two of the most difficult texts in the history of philosophy—Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and Science of Logic. It does so with good attention to contemporary debates surrounding Hegel's logic and metaphysics, and manages to integrate concerns that have been more typically expressed in continental scholarship—such as the influence of Schelling and Hölderlin—with concerns that have come out of the more recent analytic conversation – such as the status of universals and the attributability of inferentialism to Hegel's thought. Ng argues for a distinctive kind of post‐Kantian reading of Hegel, one which emphasizes Hegel's interests in Kant's thoughts about judgment and teleology in the third Critique rather than the categories and dialectic of the first Critique. In the first section, I want to trace a tension in Ng's thought between inflationary and deflationary understandings of ‘life’ and its associated terms. Here I will try to make out the relevant concept of life that makes the living object the promising form of a richer object of judgment for a self‐conscious subject. In the following section, I try to tease out the relation of life to two very closely related notions, namely the notion of an organism and the notion of a purpose.
Locus of control as a moderator of the effects of COVID‐19 perceptions on job insecurity, psychosocial, organisational, and job outcomes for MENA region hospitality employees
Authors: Mahmoud Ali B. , Reisel William D. , Fuxman Leonora , Hack‐Polay Dieu
Published: December 2021

We develop and test an integrated model to understand how individual differences based on internal or external locus of control influence the effects of COVID‐19 perceptions on job insecurity, anxiety, alienation, job satisfaction, customer orientation, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and turnover intention among customer service employees within hospitality organisations in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. The investigation utilises variance‐based structural equation modelling to evaluate a sample of 847 subject responses. We found that externally controlled employees are more likely to develop negative emotions resulting from pandemic‐triggered job insecurity as well as poorer customer orientation and engagement in OCB due to worsened job satisfaction than those internally controlled. Wholistically, COVID‐19 perceptions tend to indirectly hit externally controlled employees’ anxiety, customer orientation, and OCB more intensely than those with internal locus of control.
Cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue life prediction of an automotive cast aluminum alloy: A new method of determining intrinsic fatigue toughness
Authors: Dash S. S. , Li D. J. , Zeng X. Q. , Li D. Y. , Chen D. L.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to identify cyclic deformation behavior of a high‐pressure die‐cast Silafont®‐36 automotive cast aluminum alloy consisting of heterogeneous composite‐like microstructures of nearly circular eutectic silicon particles embedded in Al matrix, with particular attention to fatigue life prediction. The alloy exhibited superior fatigue resistance at higher strain amplitudes, where cyclic hardening occurred. The fatigue life of the alloy could be well predicted via a strain‐energy density based accumulative damage model using a new method proposed to calculate the intrinsic fatigue toughness. The predicted fatigue life was in good agreement with the experimental life, and also lay in‐between the results obtained via other methods. Fatigue crack initiation was observed to occur from the sample surface or near‐surface defects and crack propagation was characterized by fatigue striations along with tear ridges in the primary Al‐grains.
THE REFRACTION OF WHITE: THE PRIMARY COLORS OF HAYDEN WHITE'S TROPOLOGICAL THEORY OF DISCOURSE
Authors: KRAGH ULRICH TIMME
Published: December 2021

There has been sustained discussion of the narrativist approach in the Western tradition of theory of history, and it has focused especially on the work of Hayden White. While the reception of White's work in the non‐West has resulted in multiple translations of his oeuvre into Chinese and other languages, there has, as of yet, been no attempt to apply his tropological theory of discourse in a detailed study of non‐Western historiography. Any such future endeavor would require assessing the extent to which White's theory is culturally specific to the inside of the Western cultural tradition and determining which elements may be applicable to the outside of non‐Western discourse. In this vein, the article pries open a possibility for an outside in the narrativist study of history. It establishes a European family tree of White's tropological theory of discourse by first tracing its acknowledged intellectual ancestry to Peter Ramus's rhetorical reductionism and Giambattista Vico's poetic logic. It then extends the genealogy of White's tetragrammatical analysis further back into a European ancestry by identifying its roots in the patristic and medieval exegetical traditions of the four senses of scripture and the four words of Saint Paul. The analysis reveals that White's narrativist method of tropology belongs to a particular refraction of mythic consciousness having an identifiable beginning, middle, and end in the Western cultural tradition. Any methodological step beyond this consciousness would require reading the tropological spectrum of another cultural lineage of myth.
ELISpot assay and prediction of organ transplant rejection
Authors: Girmanova Eva , Hruba Petra , Viklicky Ondrej , Slavcev Antonij
Published: December 2021

The ELISpot assay is a sensitive technique applied to assess cytokine‐producing memory/effector T cells and human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐specific IgG‐producing B cells. Besides the fact that the method is laborious and is difficult to standardise between laboratories, it may provide valuable information on the immune response of recipients before and after organ transplantation. In this article, we briefly review the recent literature and discuss the clinical significance of the ELISpot assay in predicting the risk and incidence of allograft rejection and survival.
Child and parent preferences for the appearance of dentists with respect to personal protective equipment in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Arslan Ipek , Aydinoglu Sema
Published: December 2021

Absract

Background

Personal protective equipment (PPE) gained particular importance during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Aim

To assess child and parent preferences for dentists' appearance concerning their PPE and to determine the relationship between the child and parent preferences.

Design

A total of 250 children aged 6–12 years and their parents were enrolled in the study. Standardized pictures with different sexes, attires, eye protectors, hair protectors, masks, and gloves were shown to children and their parents separately, and they were asked to choose their preferences. The dental anxiety of the children and their parents was determined using the MCDASf and MDAS, respectively. Decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) indices were employed for the children.

Results

Children and parents preferred a dentist of the same sex as themselves (p < .05). Anxious children preferred cartoon‐printed attire, and children with low anxiety mostly preferred white coats (p = .001). Children who preferred colored coats had higher DMFT (p < .001). Statistically significant differences were found in the attire and glove preferences between children and parents (p < .001).

Conclusions

The production of white and child‐friendly fluid‐resistant disposable gowns should be considered. PPE with colored or cartoon print was preferred under the influence of factors that could positively affect anxiety.
Combined electromechanical dynamic fracture behavior of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
Authors: Mendoza Isabella , Drury Daniel , Koumlis Stylianos , Ivy Jacob , Brennecka Geoff , Lamberson Leslie
Published: December 2021

Coupon specimens of poled and depoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are examined under combined stress wave and electric loading conditions. Mode‐I crack initiation and fracture behavior is examined using ultrahigh‐speed imaging and two‐dimensional digital image correlation. The dynamic critical stress intensity factor () is extracted using measured displacement fields ahead of the impulsively loaded crack tip, and compared between poled and depoled plates that were either under no electric field, positive 0.46 kV/mm electric field, or negative 0.46 kV/mm electric field. Poled specimens had a poling direction and applied electric field direction normal to the crack front. The addition of an electric field resulted in a crack‐enhancing effect, where the dynamic fracture toughness of poled specimens under 0.46 kV/mm was almost half that of samples with no electric field. Depoled samples experienced almost no change in dynamic fracture toughness with the addition of an electric field.
Bcl‐2 hijacks the arsenic trioxide resistance in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Wang Jinling , Peng Xiaohui , Yang Daowei , Guo Mengyu , Xu Xiao , Yin Fengyue , Wang Yu , Huang Jiaqing , Zhan Linghui , Qi Zhongquan
Published: December 2021

Aresenic trioxide (ATO) is proven to be active against leukaemia cells by inducing apoptosis and differentiation. Even though ATO could effectively induce remissions of leukaemia cells, the drug resistance was observed occasionally. To further dissect the mechanism of ATO resistance, we selected the ATO‐resistant SH‐SY5Y cells and found that Bcl‐2 controlled the sensitivity of ATO in SH‐SY5Y cells. We report that necroptosis, autophagy, NF‐ƘB and MAPK signalling pathway are not involved in ATO‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, the ATO‐resistant cells showed distinct mitochondrial morphology compared with that of ATO‐sensitive cells. Intriguingly, nude mice‐bearing ATO‐sensitive cells derived xenograft tumours are more sensitive to ATO treatment compared with that of ATO‐resistant cells. These data demonstrate that cancer cells can acquire the ATO‐resistance ability by increasing the Bcl‐2 expression.
From Cohesion to Contagion? Populist Radical Right Contestation of EU Enlargement
Authors: Bélanger Marie‐Ève , Wunsch Natasha
Published: December 2021

The rise of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) in a growing number of European Union (EU) member states and inside the European Parliament (EP) has triggered concern over their ability to drive further contestation of European integration. Using EU enlargement as a test case, we analyse an original dataset of over 2′700 hand‐coded statements from the last three EP mandates (2004–19) to trace the emergence of an increasingly coherent, oppositional discourse by PRRPs towards a further widening of the EU. We show that PRRPs contribute to a generalized hardening of opposition towards enlargement, but fail to impose their identity‐focused framing upon other parliamentary actors. Instead, we suggest that mainstream party groups accommodate PRRPs' essentialist discourse by shifting from technical, conditionality‐based reasoning towards more political arguments articulated around human rights and democracy. Our findings feed into debates about the transnational cooperation of PRRPs and the political impact of Euroscepticism.
The Real Interest Rate Channel Is Structural in Contemporary New‐Keynesian Models: A Note
Authors: BRAULT JOSHUA , KHAN HASHMAT
Published: December 2021

The monetary transmission mechanism in a New‐Keynesian model with contemporary features is put to scrutiny. In contrast to Rupert and Sustek (2019), we find that the real interest rate channel is structural when the model contains empirically realistic frictions on the flow of investment. A monetary contraction (expansion) is always followed by an increase (decrease) in the real interest rate. The monetary transmission mechanism indeed operates through the real interest rate channel in this class of models.
Rethinking the significance of surgery for uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Shimada Muneaki , Tsuji Keita , Shigeta Shogo , Nagai Tomoyuki , Watanabe Zen , Tokunaga Hideki , Kigawa Junzo , Yaegashi Nobuo
Published: December 2021

Background

Treatment strategies based on histological subtypes are unestablished.

Aims

Rethinking the significance of surgery for uterine cervical cancer.

Methods

Using the database of cervical cancer stages IB–IIB with extensive hysterectomy (Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] 2008) established by the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group network, we conducted a clinicopathological study of cervical cancer cases reclassified according to the FIGO 2018 staging. In stage IB (FIGO 2018) cervical cancer patients, there was no significant difference in treatment outcome according to histological type, but in stages IIA, IIB, and IIIC1 (FIGO 2018), the treatment outcome of nonsquamous cell carcinoma was significantly worse than that of squamous cell carcinoma. Considering post‐treatment health care, it is important to consider ovarian preservation in young patients with cervical cancer, up to stage IIA (FIGO 2018) for squamous cell carcinoma and stage IB1 (FIGO 2018) for nonsquamous cell carcinoma, after careful evaluation of clinicopathological factors before surgery.

Discussion

Locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare and refractory cancer that has been shown to have low radiosensitivity, and its treatment outcome is still unsatisfactory. A new therapeutic strategy involving multidisciplinary treatment in combination with perioperative chemotherapy at a facility that can provide highly curative surgical treatment is desired.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive surgery is being introduced for the treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer. However, the number of eligible cases should be expanded in a phased manner, based on an objective evaluation of surgical outcomes at the facilities. Omics analysis may be useful to develop a new treatment for human papillomavirus nonrelated cervical cancer, represented by gastric mucinous carcinoma.
Prospective Associations Between Youth Assets and Truancy Within the Context of Family Structure
Authors: Sanchez Louisiana Montserrat , Oman Roy Frank , Lensch Taylor , Yang Yueran
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective associations between 17 individual, family, and community level youth assets and truancy among adolescents living in 1‐parent and 2‐parent households.

METHODS

Five waves of data were collected annually over a 4‐year period from a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 722, 51.5% female, mean age = 14.1 years). Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify prospective associations between youth assets and truancy while stratifying by family structure and controlling sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS

Five of the 17 youth assets were significantly associated (p < .05) with reduced odds of truancy among adolescents living in 1‐parent households compared to 10 of 17 assets for adolescents living in 2‐parent households. The significant asset/truancy associations were stronger for adolescents living in 1‐parent households, whereas for adolescents living in 2‐parent households, more of the community assets were significantly protective (p < .05) from truancy.

CONCLUSION

Assets that focus on supporting adolescents' future aspirations and expectations may reduce truancy among those living in 1‐parent households, whereas assets that promote community involvement and increased interaction with teachers and peers may protect adolescents living in 2‐parent households from truancy.
Social class across borders: Transnational elites in British ideological space
Authors: Sharma Devyani
Published: December 2021

Studies of generational dialect change in diaspora communities have tended to find that local forces outweigh transnational ones: parent varieties are rejected as too saliently foreign, and transnational effects fade in later generations. Examining the speech of second‐generation British Asians, I document this initial shift away from the low status of Indian English, but also unexpected long‐distance adoption of Indian English more recently, in both ideology and routine use. Why choose a stigmatized variety 50 years on? To answer this, I revise the classic triangular class hierarchy of British dialects and model diasporic language‐ideological space as a meeting of two such systems. Young British Asians selectively adopt features of educated Indian English, a variety with increasing global status, at the apex of an Indian hierarchy. For some British Asians, this new exogenous form of symbolic capital is an alternative to the struggle for class mobility within the British system. These new cross‐border acts of affiliation empower formerly subordinated speakers, but also reinforce new hierarchies. In closing, I discuss current and historical parallels where a diasporic imaginary can feed local language change.
Contacts and contexts: Varying diasporic interactions and koineisation outcomes for Indian languages in South Africa
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on (a) a period of forced and semi‐forced migration to newly established colonies under slavery and indenture in the era of European imperialism; and (b) a post‐independence period of economic migration involving voluntary movements of large numbers of individuals to those colonies. It will show that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all outcome regarding the linguistics of migration. Rather, the patterns of migration matter greatly. The paper describes past and ongoing research into five Indian languages of South Africa: Bhojpuri‐Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Konkani and Gujarati. The diaspora varieties that evolved over a 150‐year period fall into four sociohistoric types, chiefly involving the formation of koinés as against individual dialect persistence. Implicated in these differential outcomes are important input factors like (a) areas of recruitment and origin and their linguistic diversity, (b) patterns of migration, whether unilinear, circular or chain migration, (c) internal relations among migrants with other Indian groups and (d) varied power relations involving other South Africans. The paper also presents research on the relations and interactions between the older diasporas and new Indian migrants of the global era.
Effects of urea‐treated oil palm frond on nutrient composition and in vitro rumen fermentation using goat rumen fluid
Authors: Saminathan Mookiah , Wan Mohamed Wan N. , Md Noh ‘Abidah , Ibrahim Nur A. , Fuat Muhammad A. , Kumari Ramiah Suriya , Jusoh Shokri , Mat Dian Noor L. H.
Published: December 2021

Ammoniation of oil palm frond (OPF) with non‐protein nitrogen (N) sources has been shown to improve the nutritional value and digestibility of OPF in ruminants. This study evaluated the effect of treating OPF without (control) or with different urea levels (1%–5%) on chemical composition and in vitro gas production, digestibility and fermentation properties using goat rumen fluids. The results showed that the treated OPF with urea (1%–5%) had significantly lower (p < 0.05) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and ash contents than that of the control. The crude protein (CP) content of treated OPF increased (linear p < 0.05; quadratic p < 0.05) with increasing levels of urea inclusion (1%–5%), whereas the contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The CH4 (ml/500 mg DM incubated) production decreased (linear p < 0.05) with increasing levels of urea inclusion in treated OPF silage. However, in vitro DM and OM degradability were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by higher inclusion levels of urea (4% and 5%). OPF treated with 4% or 5% urea also revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total volatile fatty acids and ammonia‐N than the control and OPFs treated with 1%–3% urea. Ammoniation of OPF with urea improved its nutritional value and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles in goats. The impact was more pronounced for 4% or 5% urea‐treated OPF.
Rheological and tribological characterization of different commercial hazelnut‐based spreads
Authors: Principato Laura , Carullo Daniele , Duserm Garrido Guillermo , Bassani Andrea , Dordoni Roberta , Spigno Giorgia
Published: December 2021

Five commercial hazelnut/cocoa spreads with different compositions were tested by rheology/tribology. The impact of each formulation on the structural/lubricant performances was investigated. Rotational/oscillatory rheology was chosen to assess material behavior during flow. Viscosity variation as a function of temperature and chamber geometry was evaluated. Oscillatory mode tests were carried out to obtain information on product viscoelasticity. Tribological analysis was performed at different temperatures aiming at simulating the chewing/swallowing process. All samples were categorized as pseudo‐plastic and viscoelastic materials, with the elastic component prevailing over the viscous one. Major differences were detected in terms of consistency index, depending on the total lipid content. Temperature increase enhanced spread fluidity with a decreasing viscosity according to the Arrhenius model (R2 > 0.942) and greater values of activation energy reflecting higher sensitivity to microstructural changes. An inverse relationship between Casson viscosity and sugar/fat ratio highlighted additional correlations between structural parameters and spread formulation. Tribological measurements at 25°C highlighted that, at the initial eating stage, the friction factor (0.112–0.262 at sliding velocity of 8 × 10−6 m/s) was strongly affected by either the amounts of solid fat or hazelnut percentage. Tribological data corroborated the theory for which tribology and rheology cover different domains.
Introduction to themed section on ‘Belonging to Syria. National identifications before and after 2011’
Authors: Bachleitner Kathrin , Matthiesen Toby
Published: December 2021

The five papers in this themed section seek to explain national identifications with Syria using diverse methods and focusing on various state and societal actors before and after 2011. Each contribution engages with the distinction of national identities into their ‘ethnic/primordial’ and ‘civic/constructed’ elements and examines their meaning within Syria in different times and contexts. Since its independence in 1946, Syria experienced strong tensions between sub‐ and supra‐state identities and experimented with diverse territorial nationalisms in their pan‐Arab and specifically Syrian forms. Through a distinctive mix of ethnic Arab and civic ideological elements, they helped to forge unity among a multiplicity of ethnicities, tribes and sects living on the Syrian territory and thus were moulded in tandem with the interests of those in power.
Mediation, identity construction and legitimacy: Reimagining the Syrian nation through third‐party peacemaking
Authors: Clowry Sarah
Published: December 2021

This article interrogates whether, and if so how, international mediation might shape the identities of the conflict parties. I examine stages I and II of the Geneva Peace Process, the early United Nations (UN)‐led efforts in relation to the Syrian civil war, by thematically analysing 31 semi‐structured interviews, 35 press conferences and 68 official documents. I argue that mediators and conflict parties can reimagine the identities of the conflict parties within, and in response to, mediation. Mediation may form a backdrop to processes of identity construction, while the very occurrence of mediation can provoke processes of identity construction. Within the case analysed, the Syrian opposition and members of the international community reconstructed a vision of the Syrian people, depicting the nation as being united by suffering. This, I contend, was driven by a perceived need to legitimise the peace process while the Syrian opposition was simultaneously painted in parallel hues in an attempt to legitimise their aspirations to govern.
Nursing students' experiences of moral uncertainty in the context of global health practicums
Authors: Greig Madeleine , Pesut Barbara , Marck Patricia , Burgess Michael
Published: December 2021

More students than ever are electing to take part in international practicums from health‐related disciplines. With the goal of better understanding the moral experiences and ethical implications of global health practicums (GHPs), the purpose of this Interpretive Descriptive study was to examine the moral uncertainty of nursing students from one university in Canada. Seventeen nurses who had participated in a GHP in their undergraduate nursing program participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analyzed inductively using constant comparative data analysis techniques, and a thematic account of participants' experiences was developed. Findings suggest that nursing students experienced considerable amounts of moral uncertainty during their GHP. Most often, participants' experiences of uncertainty stemmed from a misalignment between their expectations and reality, including encountering different approaches to healthcare, being situated in new cultural and clinical care environments, and grappling with how best to stay within one's scope of student professional practice. Participants inconsistently reflected on these experiences, which may present a missed opportunity for professional growth through the development of a heightened social consciousness. Educators can facilitate this process by implementing robust predeparture training for GHPs, clarifying program objectives, and providing clinical debriefing.
Class and Vulnerability to Debt in Rural India: A Statistical Overview*
Authors: Kandikuppa Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Rural indebtedness is a major development challenge confronting India. In 2018, scores of farmers protested rising household debt, and the popular coverage of the time asserted that farmers were under crushing debt. Combining data from the All‐India Debt and Investment Survey with other sources and using a class analysis, I interrogate this “crushing debt” narrative. Rural households, depending on the socioeconomic and contextual vulnerabilities that they experience, are indebted in different ways. The rural elite borrow more loans and have higher loan amounts, while asset‐poor households are more dependent on informal credit sources and also pay higher rates of interest. Households from the wage worker class are more likely to be over‐indebted relative to others. I further find that petty commodity producers bear less debt burden and are less likely to be over‐indebted relative to other classes. These findings underscore the fact that rural indebtedness is a nuanced problem that manifests in a multitude of ways across India.
Personal care assistants’ lived experience of working in the home setting with children and adults on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Alrø Anette Bjerregaard , Klitnæs Charlotte , Dreyer Pia
Published: December 2021

Background

Working as a personal care assistant (PCA) with children and adults on mechanical ventilation in a home setting may be complex and challenging due to the physical and mental working conditions.

Aim

To explore the lived experience of working as a (PCA) with patients, children and adults on mechanical ventilation in the home setting.

Design and methods

A qualitative study using a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach. Data collection involved semi‐structured individual interviews with 20 PCAs (n = 15 women and n = 5 men) in Denmark in 2020. Their work experience with patients on home mechanical ventilation ranged from 8 months to 25 years (median 8 years). The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline.

Findings

Four main themes emerged from the structural analysis: Being a fly on the wall or part of the family, Always being in a state of readiness is exhausting, Being a team player and Mutual respect is key in the work relationship.

Conclusion

PCAs had to balance on a knife's edge when working with children and adults on mechanical ventilation in the home setting and try to strike a happy medium. Enduring the job required a proper physical and mental work environment, and thorough preparation, achieved not only through technical training, but also through learning how to be part of a professional relationship characterised by mutual respect and matched expectations.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings provide clinical practice with important insights into how to inform, prepare and educate PCAs working with patients on mechanical ventilation in the home setting. Further research into home care education and training programmes with a patient‐ and family‐centred care approach is needed.
Submarine slope destabilization and gully formation by water sapping: Physical simulation of an underestimated trigger of subaqueous sediment gravity flows
Authors: Holz Boffo Carolina , Bayer da Silva Daniel , Manica Rafael , de Oliveira Borges Ana Luiza , Roessler Viana Adriano
Published: December 2021

A laboratory tank experiment tested whether a subsurface flow from a confined aquifer causes slope instability and leads to the formation of pathways for sediment transfer from shallow to deep water when the subsurface flow discharges through the face of a subaqueous slope. A sandy slope with multilayer stratigraphy was built inside the tank, and a confined aquifer was simulated within the stratigraphy. To induce groundwater flow out of the face of the slope, water was injected in the proximal zone of the confined aquifer at progressive increased discharge. Sediment movement on the slope occurred by rolling of particles, fluidized flow, grain flow and slides. The fluctuation of phreatic pressure in the confined aquifer was measured by a set of piezometers, from which the hydraulic gradient generated by the water flow moving towards the slope was determined. This study determined that the mass movements started when the imposed injected flow rate was greater than the hydraulic conductivity capacity of the simulated aquifer, using the flow capacity calculated from the Darcy equation for porous media. The various physical parameters used in the experiment were found to scale well to natural prototypes. Moreover, the patterns of erosion and deposition in the physical simulation resembled natural features observed in seismic‐geomorphology maps and modern deep‐sea physiography. Therefore, water sapping by a confined aquifer flow is a potential mechanism for slope erosion and instability and for the formation of pathways connecting shallow‐water and deep‐water environments.
Bro1 binds the Vps20 subunit ofESCRT‐IIIand promotesESCRT‐IIIregulation by Doa4
Authors: Buysse Dalton , West Matt , Leih Mitchell , Odorizzi Greg
Published: December 2021

The budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes requires membrane scission by the ESCRT‐III complex. This step is negatively regulated in yeast by Doa4, the ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted as cargoes into ILVs. Doa4 acts non‐enzymatically to inhibit ESCRT‐III membrane scission activity by directly binding the Snf7 subunit of ESCRT‐III. This interaction inhibits the remodeling/disassembly of Snf7 polymers required for the ILV membrane scission reaction. Thus, Doa4 is thought to have a structural role that delays ILV budding while it also functions enzymatically to deubiquitinate ILV cargoes. In this study, we show that Doa4 binding to Snf7 in vivo is antagonized by another ESCRT‐III subunit, Vps20. Doa4 is restricted from interacting with Snf7 in yeast expressing a mutant Vps20 allele that constitutively binds Doa4. This inhibitory effect of Vps20 is suppressed by overexpression of another ESCRT‐III‐associated protein, Bro1. We show that Bro1 binds directly to Vps20, suggesting that Bro1 has a central role in relieving the antagonistic relationship that Vps20 has toward Doa4.
Correctional nurse education and training to care for and support prisoners with dementia: a systematic review of text and opinion
Authors: Gaston Sherryl , Porritt Kylie , Jordan Zoe
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the training required for correctional nurses to care for and support prisoners with dementia.

Introduction:

Nurses caring for people in aged care facilities receive training related to aging and dementia; however, this has not carried across to training for the increasing aging population within correctional settings. Most research related to dementia care is focused on the aged and acute care sectors, and there is an absence of research in the correctional setting. Therefore, this systematic review was based on expert opinion and synthesizes information related to correctional nurse training for the support and care of prisoners with dementia.

Inclusion criteria:

Articles focusing on correctional nurses, regardless of gender, who were responsible for the health care of adult prisoners were considered for this review. The primary phenomenon of interest was the training needs and requirements for correctional nurses to support prisoners with dementia. The secondary phenomenon of interest was how the delivery of the training could be facilitated. The context of this review was the adult correctional setting. The sources of information considered for this review included text and narratives describing expert opinion, expert opinion-based guidelines, expert consensus, published discussion papers, unpublished dissertations, reports accessed from professional organization websites, and government policy documents.

Methods:

A three-step search strategy was employed to look for both published and unpublished articles as recommended by JBI. The search was conducted for English-only articles, and from database inception to November 2020. All included articles were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. The data were extracted and pooled. Categories were developed and assigned based on similarity of meaning, and a set of synthesized conclusions was developed after subjecting the categories to meta-synthesis.

Results:

Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and underwent critical appraisal and data extraction. Five synthesized findings were generated from 103 findings, which were aggregated into 15 categories. As expected, the rating was very low due to the nature of the included papers (ie, non-research), and the mix of unequivocal, credible, and unsupported findings.

Conclusions:

The review highlighted gaps in correctional nurse training related to caring for prisoners with dementia. Training for correctional nurses should incorporate information on general aging, alterations in aging, and dementia screening and management. Other findings included the need for policy and procedures related to training nurses to become dementia experts, and the development of partnerships with experts in the community to adapt training to the correctional setting.
Effect of Parameters of Rotating Cylinders on the Heat Transfer Advancement
Authors: Azim Ehsanul , Sagor Md. Jahid Hasan , Hridoy Shadman Sakief , Hasan A. B. M. Rafiqul , Rahman S. M. Ashrafur , Alim Abdul , Abdelhamid Talaat
Published: December 2021

Conjugate pure mixed convection in a differentially heated square cavity with two vertically placed heat conductive revolving cylinders has been analyzed in a computational approach applying the finite element method. This analysis has been implemented considering the upper and lower wall as insulated simultaneously and the left vertical wall as heated maintaining constant temperature (i.e., isothermally heated) and the right vertical wall as isothermally cooled. The outcomes of this study have been examined concerning streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number (Nu) which unveils a noteworthy fact that both the rotating cylinders' inclination patterns and Reynolds number (Re) have a vital role upon the average Nusselt number (Nu), flow pattern, and isotherms. From that perspective, best heat transfer phenomena have been observed for counterclockwise circulation of both cylinders so that the condition for these cases has been assessed from a distance variation between the two cylinders maintaining a constant speed ratio (Ω). Moreover, the best result from this assessment has been trialed changing the type of materials of the rotating cylinders and ultimately, the best one has been specified as well as tested for various speed ratios. In the end, the results have been compared with the stationary cylinders where a similar type of results have been observed, but for rotating ones, Nusselt number (Nu) has been observed higher than stationary ones.
Thermal Stratification in a Pool With Submerged Heater Under Low Frequency Excitation
Authors: Chauhan S. P. , Chandraker D. K. , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2021

Thermal performance of passive residual heat removal systems and solar heaters is affected by thermal stratification in the pool. There are hardly any studies reported in the literature on the role of seismic excitations on thermal stratification in water pools. This work focuses on the experimental investigation of thermal stratification in a pool under the seismic condition with the horizontally mounted heater simulating the heat exchanger. Effects of heater submergence depth, frequency of excitation, and amplitude of displacement on the thermal stratification have been investigated experimentally. It was observed that the heater submergence depth has significant effect on thermal stratification in the pool. When the water pool is subjected to an external excitation, the pool water separates into two zones; convective and impulsive. If the heater is in the impulsive zone, excitation effects are not found. If heater is close to convective zone, significant effects on thermal stratification are observed. However, it is observed that only first mode of excitation with large amplitude helps to achieve complete thermal mixing. Higher modes of excitation have the minimal effect on thermal stratification mitigation. Nondimensional stratification number has been evaluated to explain the mitigation of thermal stratification with seismic excitation.
Leader-Following Synchronization Control of Multiple Electrohydraulic Actuators Under Switching Network Topologies
Authors: Guo Qing , Chen Zhenlei , Jiang Dan
Published: December 2021

A leader-following quasi-synchronization control is proposed in multiple electrohydraulic actuators (MEHAs) under different switching network topologies to guarantee the follower electrohydraulic actuators (EHAs) track the leader motion. Firstly, each EHA has a three order nonlinear dynamics with an unknown external load. Then by using Lie derivative technique, the MEHAs nonlinear models with n + 1 nodes are feedback linearized for convenient control design. Furthermore, the leader node is constructed as a virtual simulation model to be stabilized by PI controller. Meanwhile, a quasi-synchronized controller together with a disturbance observer is designed by linear matrix inequality (LMI) and Lyapunov techniques to guarantee that the synchronization errors between the n follower nodes and the leader node 0 are uniformly ultimate boundaries. Finally, the effectiveness of the leader-following quasi-synchronized controller is verified by a MEHAs experimental bench with three EHAs under switching network topologies.
Bending Stability of Corrugated Tubes With Anisotropic Frustum Shells
Authors: Wo Zhongyuan , Filipov Evgueni T.
Published: December 2021

Thin-walled corrugated tubes that have a bending multistability, such as the bendy straw, allow for variable orientations over the tube length. Compared to the long history of corrugated tubes in practical applications, the mechanics of the bending stability and how it is affected by the cross sections and other geometric parameters remain unknown. To explore the geometry-driven bending stabilities, we used several tools, including a reduced-order simulation package, a simplified linkage model, and physical prototypes. We found the bending stability of a circular two-unit corrugated tube is dependent on the longitudinal geometry and the stiffness of the crease lines that connect separate frusta. Thinner shells, steeper cones, and weaker creases are required to achieve bending bi-stability. We then explored how the bending stability changes as the cross section becomes elongated or distorted with concavity. We found the bending bi-stability is favored by deep and convex cross sections, while wider cross sections with a large concavity remain mono-stable. The different geometries influence the amounts of stretching and bending energy associated with bending the tube. The stretching energy has a bi-stable profile and can allow for a stable bent configuration, but it is counteracted by the bending energy which increases monotonically. The findings from this work can enable informed design of corrugated tube systems with desired bending stability behavior.
Effect of Rotor Tip Casing Treatment on the Performance and Stability of a Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors: Shivaramaiah Subbaramu , Varpe Mahesh K. , Afzal Mohammed
Published: December 2021

In a transonic compressor rotor, tip leakage flow interacts with passage shock, casing boundary layer and secondary flow. This leads to increase in total pressure loss and reduction of compressor stability margin. Casing treatment is one of the passive endwall geometry modification technique to control tip leakage flow interaction. In the present investigation effect of rotor tip casing treatment is investigated on performance and stability of a NASA 37 transonic compressor stage. Existing literature reveals, that endwall casing treatment slots i.e., porous casing treatment, axial slots axially skewed slots, circumferential grooves, recirculating casing treatment etc. are able to improve compressor stability margin with penalty on stage efficiency. Turbomachinery engineers and scientists are still focusing their research work to identify an endwall casing treatment configuration with improves both compressor stall margin as well as stage efficiency. Hence in the current work, as an innovative idea, effect of casing treatment slot along rotor tip mean camber line is investigated on NASA 37 compressor stage. Casing treatment slot with rectangular cross-section was created along the rotor tip mean camber line. Four different casing treatment configurations were created by changing number of slots on rotor casing surface. In all four configurations casing treatment slot width and height remains same. Flow simulation of NASA 37 compressor stage was performed with all these four casing treatment configurations. A maximum stall margin improvement of 3% was achieved with a particular slot configuration, but without any increase in compressor stage efficiency.
Impact of Uniform Surface Roughness on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor Rotor at Different Rotational Speeds
Authors: Malhotra Ashima , Goswami Shraman , A M Pradeep
Published: December 2021

The aerodynamic performance of a compressor rotor is known to deteriorate due to surface roughness. It is important to understand this deterioration as it impacts the overall performance of the engine. This paper, therefore, aims to numerically investigate the impact of roughness on the performance of an axial compressor rotor at different rotational speeds. In this numerical study, the simulations are carried out for NASA Rotor37 at 100%, 80%, and 60% of its design speed. with and without roughness on the blade surface. These speeds are chosen because they represent different flow regimes. The front stages of a multistage compressor usually have a supersonic or transonic regime whereas the middle and aft stages have a subsonic regime. Thus, these performance characteristics can give an estimate of the impact on the performance of a multistage compressor. At 100% speed (design speed), the relative flow is supersonic, at 80% of design speed, the relative flow is transonic and at 60% of design speed, the relative flow is subsonic. Detailed flow field investigations are carried out to understand the underlying flow physics. The results indicate that, for the same amount of roughness, the degradation in the performance is maximum at 100% speed where the rotor is supersonic, while the impact is minimum at 60% speed where the rotor is subsonic. Thus, the rotor shock system plays an important role in determining the performance loss due to roughness. It is also observed that the loss increases with increased span for 100% and 80% speeds, but for 60% speed, the loss is almost constant from the hub to the shroud. This is because, with the increased span, the shock strength increases for 100% and 80% speeds, whereas at 60% speed flow is subsonic.
Validating the Iterative Design Procedure for an Axial Flow Turbine Test Rig
Authors: Arora Rajat , Sundararaj Ramraj H. , Sekar T. Chandra , Kushari Abhijit
Published: December 2021

Turbines remain one of the most efficient devices for extracting energy from a flowing fluid. In a gas turbine engine, axial flow turbines are used to extract energy from the working fluid and drive the compressor, to which they are mechanically connected. To maximize the performance of the axial flow turbine, it is necessary to carry out a design optimization of the components while suitably accounting for losses generated by secondary flows. An axial flow turbine rig is designed, fabricated, and installed to better understand and improve upon secondary flow models used in design procedures. The rig is driven by a blower operating at a constant speed, capable of delivering a maximum airflow rate of 0.4 kg/s and a maximum pressure rise of 500 mbar across the device. The axial flow turbine is mechanically connected to a dynamometer capable of operating at a full load capacity of 5 kW and a maximum rotational speed of 10,000 RPM.

The axial flow turbine, housed between the blower and dynamometer, consists of nozzle guide vanes followed by a rotor. The design pressure ratio is chosen as 1.04, based on the blower delivery conditions and dynamometer specifications. For an initial design, a low-pressure ratio low rotor speed design was selected, allowing for easy installation and testing of the rotating components. The design space for the axial flow turbine was generated by varying flow and geometrical parameters in suitable steps, using a program written in MATLAB 2020a. Using the input variables and applying free vortex theory for three-dimensional blade design, the aerodynamic design of the axial flow turbine was carried out. The axial flow turbine design is experimentally tested with suitable pressure measurements at every station. Experiments are conducted for four different air mass flow rates. At each air mass flow, the rotor speed is varied by increasing/decreasing the dynamometer load. The data is recorded and compared with the design point. The difference between the design and measured performance parameters is observed to be within acceptable limits.
Modelling Wall-Pressure Spectra in Turbulent Boundary Layers Using Neural Networks
Authors: Haridas Akash , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao
Published: December 2021

In this work, we model the spectra of wall-pressure fluctuations beneath subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) at zero pressure gradient using neural networks (NNs). We collect and compile data pertaining to wall-pressure fluctuation spectra from several experimental and computational studies on TBLs. In contrast to conventional methods of hand-tuning the parameters of a model to fit the available data, the use of modern powerful statistical learning techniques such as neural networks provide an automatic and quick way to fit a model. We explore four different scenarios of making use of the compiled data. In comparison with COMPRA-G, an empirical model recently proposed to account for compressibility effects in TBLs, we achieve a better fit to observed data using the NN model, particularly at low frequencies of the spectra.