bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Child Neglect: Prevalence and Social Problems Associated with Neglected Children in Selected Secondary Schools of Mufulira District, Zambia
Authors: Nakamba Ruth , Kaani Bestern
Published: July 2023

This paper sought to determine the prevalence of parental child neglect and assess social problems associated with neglected children. The sample comprised 200 randomly selected pupils from two secondary schools of Mufulira District in Zambia. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The sample was administered with the Multidimensional neglectful behavioural scale (MNBS) to determine the prevalence of child neglect, while the personal relationships profile (PRP) test was used to document social problems associated with the identified group of neglected children. The results show that the prevalence of the overall child neglect proportion was 25% percent. Three prominent types of neglect identified were: cognitive neglect, supervision and emotional neglect. They correlated with criminal tendencies, antisocial personality behaviour and diminished social integration except physical neglect. In conclusion, the results revealed that prevalence of parental child neglect is quite high in Zambia and the neglected children are associated with social problems.
Motivation as a Counter-Measure for Job Effectiveness among Teachers in Nigerian Secondary Institutions
Authors: BELO Fawziyah Abimbola
Published: July 2023

Motivation, which propels individuals to act in a desired manner, is one of the vital management tools that should not be toyed with if the schools’ stated objectives are to be achieved. It is assumed that for teachers to assiduously carry out their responsibilities in the school system, there is need for them to be well-motivated on the job. This study, therefore, investigates motivation as a counter-measure for job effectiveness among teachers in Nigerian secondary institutions. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 2,400 teachers was chosen from all the teachers in Nigerian secondary institutions. A self-designed 24-instrument tagged “Motivation and Teachers’ Effectiveness Questionnaire” was used to poll the respondents. The instrument was subjected to the usual validation procedure, which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.86. Results indicated a correlation between motivation and teachers’ effectiveness. Also, the strongest predictor of teachers’ effectiveness among the motivational strategies is class size, which has a beta weight of 0.491 while condition of service with a beta weight of 0.096 is the least predictor. It was therefore suggested, among others, that the parameters taken into account in this study should be viewed as tools by stakeholders in the education sector for achieving teachers’ effectiveness.
Marketing Sheep In The Ottoman Empire: Erzurum and Its Trade Networks (Circa 1780s–1910s)
Authors: Köksal Özyaşar Yonca , Nacar Can
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the lucrative sheep trading networks connecting Erzurum with major urban centers extending from Istanbul to Aleppo and Damascus. It traces the evolution of these networks in order to show how the dynamics of the sheep trade changed from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century. In opposition to the view that Eastern Anatolia remained largely excluded from domestic and foreign markets during the capitalist integration of the Ottoman economy, it is argued that the province of Erzurum maintained and even reinforced its position in the sheep trade. While sheep exports to Istanbul had increased by the early twentieth century, there was a decline in shipments to the Syrian provinces. The paper analyzes the political, financial, technological, and environmental factors that played a role in this transformation.
«АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗДІК» КУРСЫ БОЙЫНША КЕЙБІР СҰРАҚТАРДЫ ОҚЫТУҒА АРНАЛҒАН ӘДІСТЕМЕЛІК НҰСҚАУЛЫҚТАР
Authors: М.Серік  , Д.Ш.Тлеумагамбетова
Published: July 2023

Бүгінгі таңда ақпараттық-коммуникациялық технологиялар мен Интернеттің қарқынды дамуына байланысты, қауіпсіздік шараларының жетілдірілуіне қарамастан ақпараттарға төнген қауіп-қатерлердің мүмкіндігі күшеюде. Сондықтан ақпараттық қауіпсіздік мәселелерін жетілдіру маңызды мәселелердің бірі болып табылады. Ал, ақпараттың қауіпсіздік мәселелерін шешудің бірден-бір жолы ол ақпаратты шифрлеу. Шифрлеу қоғамымыздың қызмет етуінде маңызды рөл атқарады. Мысалы, бүгінгі таңда миллиондаған адамдар күн сайын онлайн сатып алу процесіне, web-сайттар мен электронды пошта, WhatsApp хабар алмасу қосымшасына жүгінеді. Ондағы қолданылатын төлем картасы туралы ақпарат желіде кез-келген уақытта ұрлануы мүмкін. Сондықтан осы процестің іске асырылуын түсіну үшін шифрлеудің негізгі мәселелерін білу маңызды болып табылады. Мақалада шифрлеу жүйесінің негізгі жүзеге асырылу мәселесін түсіну үшін Цезарь әдісі мен Python программалау ортасында Fernet кітапханасының көмегімен мәтінді шифрлеу(дешифрлеу) мысалы қарастырылған. Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты- мәтінді шифрлеу мәселелері бойынша білім алушылардың базалық білімін қалыптастыру. Мақалада қарастырылған мысалдар болашақ информатика мұғалімдерінің шифрлеу мәселелері бойынша теориялық білімдерін және практикалық дағдыларын қалыптастыруға, сонымен қатар алдағы уақытта машиналық оқытуда ақпараттық қауіпсіздіктің мүмкіндіктерін зерттеуге мүмкіндік береді.
ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ САМООБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ХИМИИ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ВУЗАХ
Authors: Е. В. Нечепуренко  , Э. К. Карлова  , Д. А. Мырзакожа
Published: July 2023

Необходимость уделения особого внимания формированию навыков самообразования и самообразовательной компетенции отмечается в ряде работ. В данной статье нами предлагается новая методика развития навыка самообразования и повышения мотивации студентов к обучению через понимание. Она была апробирована в группах студентов 1 курса медицинского ВУЗа при изучении темы «Номенклатура органических соединений». Студентам предлагалось выполнить задание до и после объяснения преподавателя, его ответов на вопросы студентов и пояснения их затруднений. Сравнивались результаты выполнения заданий по теме на базе запоминания без понимания, и на основе полного понимания выученной информации. Во втором случае студенты показывали значительно более высокий результат. Однако, небольшое число студентов повторно не смогли справиться с заданием. Для них более эффективным оказался метод взаимообучения, в котором роль преподавателя выполняли студенты, успешно прошедшие второй этап. Их объяснение оказалось более доступным, кроме того, более эмоциональным и мотивирующим. В результате такого подхода практически все участники эксперимента усвоили тему на необходимом уровне, появилась выраженная мотивация студентов к пониманию материала. Выживаемость знаний по теме в конце семестра оказалась более высокой в экспериментальных группах по сравнению с группами, в которых эксперимент не проводился. Полагаем, что данная методика (с необходимой корректировкой) может быть успешно использована для изучения других тем курса химии.
Literature Review : Birth Ball untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan Kala I
Authors: Dewi Mariza Mustika
Published: July 2023

Nyeri persalinan timbul akibat kontraksi uterus yang mendorong kepala bayi sehingga menyebabkan pembukaan dan penipisan serviks. Nyeri persalinan akan menyebabkan komplikasi yaitu partus lama jika tidak diatasi. Salah satu terapi untuk nyeri persalinan kala I Persalinan adalah birth ball. Birth ball adalah bola karet yang dipompa untuk ibu bersalin yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pengaruh birth ball untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode literature review. Pencarian sistematis dari artikel yang relevan di PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar dengan publikasi dari tahun 2018-2022. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada pengaruh birth ball untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan. Hal ini dikarenakan Ibu bersalin yang membungkuk diatas birth ball menyebabkan janin menggantung dan mengurangi tekanan serta nyeri pada punggung sehingga akan mengurangi rasa sakit.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK UNTUK MENGURANGI FLOUR ALBUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUKA MERINDU KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Iswari Indra , Umami Desi Aulia , Nurjanah Nimas Ayu Lestari , Jumita Jumita
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang: Keputihan (leukorea) patologis merupakan cairan yang keluar dari vagina memiliki ciri-ciri seperti berwarna putih kekuningan, keabuan bahkan sampai kehijauan, kental, sedikit berbau, jumlahnya lebih banyak, serta terasa gatal. Biasanya terjadi karena infeksi jamur, bakteri dan parasit. Efektifitas pemberian rebusan daun sirsak dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan leukorea karena mengandung senyawa fenolik dimana terdiri dari tanin, fitosterol, kalsium oksalat dan alkaloid murisine yang diduga mempunyai mekanisme kerja mengganggu proses difusi makanan kedalam sel sehingga pertumbuhan fungi Candida albicans terhenti atau mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan asuhan kebidanan pada wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan pemberian rebusan daun sirsak untuk mengurangi keputihan patologis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus deskriptif dengan mengungkapkan data yang berkenaan dengan suatu masalah. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 1 pasien WUS. Hasil: Setelah dilakukan asuhan diperoleh hasil evaluasi dari pemeriksaan vulva vagina diantaranya warna cairan leukorea dari kekuningan menjadi sedikit putih bening. Kesimpulan: Rebusan daun sirsak merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi keputihan patologis. Untuk WUS diharapkan selain menerapkan asuhan tersebut, sebaiknya segera melakukan pemeriksaan ke pelayanan kesehatan jika mengalami leukorea patologis, warna semakin kekuningan, dan bertambah gatal.
VOCACIÓN DE HOSPITALIDAD. EL DEBER BÍBLICO DE ACOGER AL MIGRANTE NOS INTERPELA HOY
Authors: Sánchez Carlos Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se analizan algunos textos bíblicos, cuyos personajes aparecen en situación de vulnerabilidad debido a su condición de forasteros o migrantes. A partir de la clave migración-rechazo-hospitalidad, se formulan algunos compromisos y desafíos éticos que pertenecen a la vocación del Pueblo de Israel y a la identidad cristiana. Estos elementos pueden orientar la respuesta que el fenómeno de la movilidad humana nos reclama hoy.
Pedagogía con corazón: el aprendizaje socioemocional con el modelo HEART in Mind©
Authors: Martínez Pérez Lorea
Published: July 2023

Después de más de 15 años de una implementación sistemática del aprendizaje socioemocional en los Estados Unidos, la investigación ha demostrado que la creación de una comunidad educativa rica en competencias socioemocionales tiene un impacto positivo en las habilidades académicas, sociales y emocionales del alumnado y mejora el clima de aula. No obstante, a medida que el aprendizaje socioemocional se implementa en las escuelas estadounidenses, encontramos una serie de concepciones erróneas en la manera como los centros educativos y los educadores conceptualizan este trabajo, lo que disminuye su impacto e incluso, en algunos casos, crea daños colaterales. El modelo HEART in Mind surge como respuesta a los desafíos y limitaciones que plantean otros modelos de aprendizaje socioemocional y como herramienta para superar las concepciones erróneas que se observan en la implementación del aprendizaje socioemocional en los centros educativos. Este modelo basado en la investigación incorpora la importancia de la integración académica, la equidad y el desarrollo de las capacidades socioemocionales de los docentes.
Emociones epistémicas: Una revisión sistemática sobre un concepto con aplicaciones a la educación emocional
Authors: López-Cassà Èlia , Bisquerra Alzina Rafael
Published: July 2023

En los últimos años se ha generado un interés especial por la investigación sobre las emociones epistémicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la incidencia de las emociones epistémicas en la práctica educativa, mediante una revisión sistemática entre 2005 y 2022. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos de revistas indexadas y tesis doctorales. Un total de 62 documentos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y, por tanto, son analizados en el presente artículo. Después de la revisión sistemática, se puede concluir por los resultados analizados, que las emociones epistémicas tienen grandes aplicaciones en la práctica educativa, ya que pueden tener un fuerte impacto en el proceso de aprendizaje, en la generación de conocimiento, en el rendimiento escolar y en la transformación humana.
Vietnam, A War, Not a Country
Authors: Eyerman Ron , Madigan Todd , Ring Magnus
Published: July 2023

Vietnam: A War, Not a Country explores the conflicting ways in which the American-Vietnamese War has been collectively remembered and represented from the perspective of the war’s three primary belligerents: the Vietnamese communists, the South Vietnamese, and the Americans. The book examines how the three different collectives memorialize this traumatizing historical event. Within each of these three groups there exists a number of competing narratives, generating not only a sense of shared meaning and community, but also impassioned social conflict. In order to trace these narratives within each collectivity, the authors develop the concept of arenas of memory, distinct discourses that are tied to specific individuals, organizations, and institutions that advocate specific narratives through specific forms of media. Their analysis leads them to make the case as to whether each of these societies experienced a cultural trauma as a result of the way in which the war is remembered.
PENGARUH MENCUCI TANGAN TERHADAP ANGKA KUMAN PADA TELAPAK TANGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Maulina Rida , Harlita Tiara Dini , Kusumawati Nursalinda
Published: July 2023

Washing hands with soap is one method of protecting the body from many infectious illnesses. Following the guidelines of the World Health Organization, effective hand washing involves six stages. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how proper and good hand washing habits affect the quantity of germs on the palms of pupils at State Elementary School 005 Samarinda. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose 31 samples for a quasi-experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design. Through counseling, samples taken in the form of palm swabs and examined before and after hand washing were evaluated using the Total Plate Number (ALT) technique with dilutions ranging from 101 to 102. The Wilcoxon Test technique was used to assess the test findings using univariate and bivariate analysis. According to studies, there are typically 78 CFU/cm2 of germs on the hands before washing them, and there are 10 CFU/cm2 of germs after washing them with soap, with a 79% reduction in the quantity of germs on the palms. The Wilcoxon test findings showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating that there was a reduction in the number of germs on primary school children' palms both before and after washing their hands. Always wash your hands before and after carrying out activities.
IDENTIFIKASI ANALISIS KADAR KARBOHIDRAT DAN KADAR GULA REDUKSI METODE LUFF SCHOORL DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA LIMBAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Authors: Sari Nurmala
Published: July 2023

Dalam penentuan uji kadar karbohidrat , pada sampel limbah buah mengkudu dilakukan analisis, yaitu analisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Uji analisis yang sudah dilakukan dalam analisis hidrolisis selulosa limbah buah mengkudu secara kualitatif yaitu menggunakan uji benedict sehingga menghasilkan endapan merah bata dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Nelson-Somogyi  menghasilkan kadar gula reduksi sebsar 11.87%. Secara berkelanjutan dilakukan uji penentuan kadar karbohidrat dari hasil hidrolisis  yaitu analisis karbohidrat total dan analisis  gula reduksi  dengan  metode Luff Schoorl.  Akhir penelitian yang sudah dilakukan dari hidrolisis selulosa limbah buah mengkudu, menunjukkan bahwa hasil rata-rata total kadar karbohidrat  yaitu 51. 83% dan hasil gula reduksi rata-rata menurut metode Luff Schoorl adalah 16.52%. Karbohidrat berperan sebagai pemberi rasa manis, penentuan kadar karbohidrat dilakukan dengan mengukur jumlah gula reduksi yang dikandungnya. Rasa manis ini dikarenakan adanya gula reduksi.
Provision Of Assistance By Legal Advisors/Advocates To Witnesses In The Investigation Stage Examination
Authors: Tornado Anang Shophan
Published: July 2023

The Criminal Procedure Code only provides an opportunity for legal advisers to accompany the suspect in the Minutes of Examination with limited provisions, only to see and hear during the examination, this is regulated in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Meanwhile, there is no regulation for witnesses in the Criminal Procedure Code. The problem in examining witnesses is when the witness being examined has the potential to become a suspect, where the concept of a witness who has the potential to become a suspect has become known as the concept of a potential suspect. So that it will be very urgent when the rights of witnesses being examined must really have their rights protected, one of the efforts to protect it is the presence of a legal adviser or advocate. The problem can be narrowed down to how witnesses who have the potential to become suspects in the investigation stage become more cooperative and "tame" towards investigators' summons to be examined, this of course needs to be made in a method that gains strong legitimacy at the norm level. In Article 27 paragraph (1) letter a Regulation of the Chief of Police Number 8 of 2009 concerning Implementation of Human Rights Principles and Standards in the Implementation of Duties of the Indonesian National Police firmly states that "every officer who conducts examination of witnesses, suspects or examinees is obliged to: a. provide an opportunity for witnesses, suspects or being investigated to contact and be accompanied by a lawyer before the examination begins.
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based FTIR measurements
Authors: Flood Victoria A. , Strong Kimberly , Whaley Cynthia H. , Walker Kaley A. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hannigan James W. , Mellqvist Johan , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Röhling Amelie N. , Arnold Stephen , Beagley Stephen , Chien Rong-You , Christensen Jesper , Deushi Makoto , Dobricic Srdjan , Dong Xinyi , Fu Joshua S. , Gauss Michael , Gong Wanmin , Langner Joakim , Law Kathy S. , Marelle Louis , Onishi Tatsuo , Oshima Naga , Plummer David A. , Pozzoli Luca , Raut Jean-Christophe , Thomas Manu A. , Tsyro Svetlana , Turnock Steven
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult. Yet with the Arctic warming at nearly four times the global average rate, and changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. This study examines the simulations of atmospheric concentrations of methane, carbon monoxide and ozone in the Arctic by 11 models. Evaluations are performed using data from five high-latitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at three-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1 and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0–7 km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased low in the tropospheric column, on average by -9.6 % for CH4, -21 % for CO and -18 % for O3. Results for CH4 are relatively consistent across the four years, whereas CO has a maximum negative bias in the spring and minimum in the summer, and O3 has a maximum difference centred around the summer. The average differences for the models are within the FTIR uncertainties for approximately 15 % of the model-location comparisons.
Contrail formation on ambient aerosol particles for aircraft with hydrogen combustion: A box model trajectory study
Authors: Bier Andreas , Unterstrasser Simon , Zink Josef , Hillenbrand Dennis , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Lottermoser Annemarie
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Future air traffic using (green) hydrogen (H2) promises zero carbon emissions but the effects of contrails from this new technology has hardly been investigated. We study contrail formation behind aircraft with H2 combustion by means of the particle-based Lagrangian Cloud Module (LCM) box model. Assuming the absence of soot and ultrafine volatile particle formation, contrail ice crystals form solely on atmospheric background particles mixed into the plume. While a recent study extended the original LCM with regard to the contrail formation on soot particles, we further advance the LCM to cover the contrail formation on ambient particles. For each simulation, we perform an ensemble of box model runs using the dilution along 1000 different plume trajectories that are based on 3D Large Eddy Simulations using the FLUDILES solver. The formation threshold temperature of H2 contrails is by around 10 K higher than for conventional contrails (which form behind aircraft with kerosene combustion) due to a factor of 2.6 higher energy-specific water vapor emission. Therefore, contrail formation becomes primarily limited by the homogeneous freezing temperature of the water droplets formed on the ambient particles such that contrails can form at temperatures down to around 234 K. The number of formed ice crystals varies strongly with ambient temperature even far away from the contrail formation threshold. The latter is because the water-supersaturation in the plume lasts longer for colder conditions and, hence, more of the entrained aerosol particles can form droplets and ice crystals. The contrail ice crystal number clearly increases for a higher ambient aerosol number concentration. The increase becomes weaker for higher number concentrations (>≈ 200 cm−3) and lower ambient temperatures (< 230 K). The ice crystal number decreases significantly for ambient particles with mean dry radii <≈ 10 nm due to the Kelvin effect. Besides simulations with one aerosol particle ensemble, we analyze contrail formation scenarios with two co-existing aerosol particle ensembles that differ either in their mean dry size or hygroscopicity parameter. We compare them to scenarios with a single ensemble that is the average of the two ensembles. We find that the total ice crystal number can differ significantly between the two cases, in particular if nucleation mode particles are involved. Due to the absence of soot particle emissions, the ice crystal number in H2 contrails is typically reduced by more than 80–90 % compared to conventional contrails. The contrail optical thickness is significantly reduced and H2 contrails either become later visible than kerosene contrails or are not visible at all for low ambient particle number concentrations. On the other hand, H2 contrails can form at lower flight altitudes where conventional contrails would not form.
INCHEM-Py v1.2: A community box model for indoor air chemistry
Authors: Shaw David R. , Carter Toby J. , Davies Helen L. , Harding-Smith Ellen , Crocker Elliott C. , Beel Georgia , Wang Zixu , Carslaw Nicola
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Indoor CHEMical model in Python, INCHEM-Py, is an open-source and accessible box model for the simulation of the indoor atmosphere, and is a refactor and significant development of the INdoor Detailed Chemical Model (INDCM). INCHEM-Py creates and solves a system of coupled ordinary differential equations that include gas-phase chemistry, surface deposition, indoor/outdoor air change, indoor photolysis processes and gas-to-particle partitioning for three common terpenes. It is optimised for ease of installation and simple modification for inexperienced users, while also providing unfettered access to customise the physical and chemical processes for more advanced users. A detailed user manual is included with the model and updated with each version release. In this paper, INCHEM-Py v1.2 is introduced, the modelled processes are described in detail, with benchmarking between simulated data and published experimental results presented, alongside discussion of the parameters and assumptions used. It is shown that INCHEM-Py achieves excellent agreement with measurements from two experimental campaigns which investigate the effects of people and different surfaces on the concentrations of different indoor air pollutants. In addition, INCHEM-Py shows closer agreement to experimental data than INDCM. This is due to the increased functionality of INCHEM-Py to model additional processes, such as deposition-induced surface emissions. Published community use-cases of INCHEM-Py are also presented to show the variety of applications for which this model is valuable to further our understanding of indoor air chemistry.
RoGeR v3.0.3 – a process-based hydrological toolbox model in Python
Authors: Schwemmle Robin , Leistert Hannes , Andreas Steinbrich , Weiler Markus
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Although water availability and water quality are equally important for an effective water resources management, to date, a combined representation of soil water balance components and water quality components in Python is not available. The new RoGeR toolbox contains models that can be used for the quantification of hydrological processes, fluxes and stores, but also solute transport processes based on StorAge selection. This study presents the code structure and functionalities of RoGeR developed as a scientific model toolbox following defined open-source software guidelines. RoGeR uses five different computational back ends covering just-in-time compilation, parallelism and graphical-processing units that might be used for optimizing computational performance. We show that graphical-processing unit computing have the greatest potential to improve computation time and energy usage especially for large modelling experiments. A simple modelling experiment highlights the capabilities of the new RoGeR model toolbox. We simulated the soil water balance, stable water isotope (18O) transport and corresponding travel time distributions through the soil of a grassland plot for a three-year period. Further development of RoGeR as a scientific software is possible and also needed due to the current limitations for a variety of process components and easily possible due to the open software architecture.
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho, Part A: Using Sentinel-1 Repeat-Pass Interferometry
Authors: Oveisgharan Shadi , Zinke Robert , Hoppinen Zachary , Marshall Hans Peter
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) is identified as the key element of the snowpack that impacts rivers' streamflow and water cycle. Both active and~passive microwave remote sensing methods have been used to retrieve SWE, but there does not currently exist a SWE product that provides useful estimates in mountainous terrain. Active sensors provide higher-resolution observations, but the optimal radar frequencies and temporal repeat intervals have not been available until recently. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been shown to have the potential to estimate SWE change. In this study, we apply this technique to a long time series of Sentinel-1 data from the 2020–2021 winter. The retrievals show statistically significant correlations both temporally and spatially with independent measurements of snow depth and SWE. The Pearson correlation and RSME between retrieved SWE change observations and in situ stations measurements are 0.82, and 0.76 cm, respectively. The total retrieved SWE in the entire 2020–2021 time series shows SWE error less than 2 cm for the 16 in situ stations in the scene. Additionally, the retrieved SWE using Sentinel-1 data is highly correlated with LIDAR snow depth data with correlation of more than 0.5. Low temporal coherence is the main reason for degrading the performance of SWE retrieval using InSAR data. Low temporal coherence also causes the degradation of phase unwrapping algorithms.
El ‘discernimiento evangélico’ de los desafíos para la formación sacerdotal en este ‘cambio de época’
Authors: Cordovilla Ángel
Published: July 2023

El desafío más significativo de la formación sacerdotal en la actualidad se encuentra en el fundamento antropológico del sujeto llamado a esta vocación y ministerio. La Exhortación Pastores dabo vobis ya señaló esta realidad en su capítulo primero hace treinta años. Hoy esta dimensión se ha agravado aún más por la “crisis antropológica” que padecemos. La transformación digital; la ideología de género; el individualismo y la fragmentación de la existencia suponen un verdadero desafío a la formación sacerdotal para una vocación esencialmente sacramental, célibe, fraterna y permanente.
When believing can be seeing: The unregulated approach to video evidence in U.S. courts and the need for archival legal standards
Authors: Ristovska Sandra
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the unregulated approach to video evidence in U.S. courts. It provides an overview of three key factors that contribute to the inconsistent treatment of video as evidence: the shifting and uncertain categories under which video is admitted as evidence, the discrepancies in how video is perceived and interpreted, and the lack of widespread legal training in visual literacy. Together, these factors exacerbate the challenges that visual perception and interpretation pose in court, as illustrated by the analysis of the varied use of video by district and appellate courts at summary judgment in McDowell v. Sherrer, a case involving an Eight Amendment excessive force claim. By discussing these challenges, the paper argues for the necessity of archival legal standards, which could facilitate research into uniform guidance and applications for treating video as evidence. Otherwise, civil rights and human rights may be disparately recognized and upheld.
Parental transmissions of education for workers and poverty in Brazil
Authors: Rogério Gomes Magno , Silva Cunha Marina , de Cassia Inforzato de Souza Solange
Published: July 2023

This article aimed to analyze empirically the parental transmission of education to workers employed in the labor market according to the socioeconomic status in Brazil. For this, Logit models were applied based on microdata from the 2014 Brazilian Household Sample Survey. The intergenerational reproduction of education for Brazilian workers and the heterogeneity between socioeconomic positions were validated. Among the poor, there is intergenerational persistence of lower education and low educational upward mobility between generations. On the other hand, among the non-poor, this parental maintenance of educational level is in high schooling. The parents' primary occupation and living in urban areas reduce the chances of reproducing the parents' educational legacy, while they increase for women, white people and those residing in developed regions. The results confirmed that the educational persistence for low-educated workers, greater for the poor, feeds the cycle of poverty and supports the maintenance of historical inequalities in the country.
Los aportes de Axel Leijonhufvud sobre las limitaciones del funcionamiento de la economía: evidencia de América Latina
Authors: Dabús Carlos
Published: July 2023

Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principales aportes teóricos de Axel Leijonhufvud sobre las limitaciones del funcionamiento del sistema económico, así como evidencia empírica de América Latina que los avala. El autor planteó que las crisis inherentes al sistema capitalista son explicadas tanto por fallas de información como de coordinación entre sectores, las que provocan excesos de oferta Y demanda agregada. Estos desajustes están detrás de severas crisis como la depresión de 1930, así como de episodios de inestabilidad de precios y alta inflación. En tal sentido, la evidencia contenida en este trabajo ilustra que en el corto plazo las limitaciones del funcionamiento de la economía generan costos económicos y sociales, dados por una mayor variabilidad de precios relativos asociados a los procesos de alta inflación. Más aún, un aspecto central que se deriva de este enfoque, y de la evidencia presentada aquí, es que la inestabilidad de precios y en el producto tiene efectos negativos en el desempeño económico a largo plazo.
Hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficiency and hyperactivity syndrome in adults
Authors: Gorodnicheva A. V. , Ponomarev I. A. , Sidenkova A. P.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Hyperkinetic disorder (HR) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are traditionally regarded as a pathology of childhood, but the frequency of its detection among the adult population is high. GR and ADHD has a significant impact on professional, educational activities and social and domestic relationships.

The purpose of the work was to systematize the current data in the field of research on hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.

Materials and methods Full-text publications of metaanalyses from 2017 to 2022 were searched in the PubMed electronic search engine for full-text keyword matches. The criterion for not including a publication in this review was a study conducted on a sample of individuals under 18 years of age. A total of 154 unique references were checked, of which 70 articles were included in the review.

Results and discussion. ADHD is a polyethiological disorder. ADHD symptoms can be associated with other pathological conditions, which can influence the pathogenetic and clinical picture. A number of authors consider ADHD symptoms in terms of adaptation to the modern information environment. Positive aspects of ADHD are pointed out: the ability to be creative, the ability to find non-standard, original solutions, an increased capacity for empathy. In a number of modern works, persons with ADHD have an increased ability to “hyperfocus” on activities relevant to the individual, although not all researchers adhere to this opinion.

Conclusion. The clinical essence of ADHD is its dysontogenetic nature. The range of etiological factors, both external and internal, that can lead to the development of ADHD symptoms is quite wide, and the likelihood of comorbid conditions is extremely high. Not all of the classifications and diagnostic criteria aimed at identifying ADHD symptoms in individuals under 18 years of age can be applied to adult patients, which shifts the epidemiological indicators toward a reduction of the disorder in the adult population.
Pediatric chest pain and synopsis is a current problem of pediatrics
Authors: Sozonov A. V. , Tsarkova S. A. , Trunova Y. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Cardialgia is a common reason for seeking medical care in the practice of the pediatrician and pediatric cardiologist. The combination of cardialgia and syncope in children can pose a health risk, leading to possible injuries, and is a factor of fear and anxiety in these families. Insufficient information on the pathophysiological basis of the development of cardialgia and syncope in children and the absebce of clear criteria for their prognosis and prevention were the reasons for a detailed study of the literature related to this issue.

The aim of the work was to systematize the current literary data on the causes of cardialgia and syncope in children and to determine directions for further study of the problem to improve monitoring by pediatricians and pediatric cardiologists.

Materials and methods. We searched for scientific articles using the keywords pediatric chest pain and syncope in the Pubmed, UpToDate 2022, Customer Service, and RSCI databases. Sixty publications were selected for analysis.

Results and discussion. Cardialgia is pain in the heart region, which in combination with fainting can be a symptom of a large number of diseases, which determines the different approach of medical specialists involved in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, and requires a special diagnosis. Cardialgia is characterized by polymorphism of both complaints and subjective sensations, and objective data. All this is caused by a variety of etiopathogenesis of this symptom.

Conclusion. Cardialgia is a current problem in pediatric practice. This literature review summarizes the information accumulated over several years on the diagnosis of cardialgia and syncope in children and determines the trajectory of further study of the problem.
Orbital complications of rhinogenic etiology in children: some aspects
Authors: Veshkurtseva I. M. , Kuznetsova N. E. , Izvin A. I. , Ponomareva M. N. , Izmailova A. А. , Yudina S. S.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Rhinosinusogenic orbital complications (RSOC) rank first among all serious complications of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses and require timely diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach in the administration of this category of patients.

The aim of the study. was to study the features of the nature of the course, diagnosis and tactics of managing children with RSOC according to the children’s ENT department of the OKB No. 2, Tyumen.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of children with RSOC was carried out. The leukocyte shift indices (LSI) were calculated. The microbiological landscape in purulent RSOC and the tactics of introducing patients with these complications were studied.

Results and Discussion. Among the entire pathology of the paranasal sinuses, RSOS were observed in 12.9% of cases. In 53.6% of cases, RSOC occurred in boys. Reactive edema of the tissue of the eyelids and orbits was in 86.1% of cases, other forms were less common. Of the microflora, the leading positions were occupied by Staphylococcus spp. In 54.2 % of cases, only conservative therapy was used, in every third case − minimally invasive manipulations, in 11 % − surgery. In 84.6 % of cases, empiric therapy was started with protected aminopenicillins, 3rd generation cephalosporins (12.8 %). In the presence of a subperiosteal abscess or phlegmon of the orbit (23.1 %), a transfer was made to reserve preparations. LSI values greater than 3.58 were more typical for purulent-septic complications of the eyelids and orbit, which required early surgical intervention and prevention of intraorbital and intracranial complications.

Conclusion Among RSOC in children, reactive edema of eyelids and eye sockets predominates. The microbial landscape in purulent orbital complications was characterized by pronounced polymorphism, which makes it difficult to choose empirical antibiotic therapy. Calculation of the LSI allows for early diagnosis and timely therapy with the choice of the optimal scope of medical intervention and an interdisciplinary approach, which reduces the risk of developing purulent-septic complications of the orbit and eyelids.
Biochemical criteria for pulmonary surfactant damage in tuberculosis patients with previous work in dusty conditions
Authors: Pshenichnikova I. M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Among the mechanisms of pathogenesis of tuberculosis is damage to the pulmonary surfactant. In patients with tuberculosis who previously worked in an industrial dusty environment, the pulmonary surfactant system is affected by two damaging factors simultaneously.

The aim of the work was to determine the role of biochemical criteria of pulmonary surfactant damage as early molecular markers of the sub-radiological stage of pneumoconiosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was 91 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 59 patients had contact with industrial quartz-containing dust in the course of their work (the main group) and 32 patients − with an unburdened professional route (the control group). The content of total protein (TP), total phospholipids (TPL), phospholipid spectrum by thin-layer chromatography as criteria of pulmonary surfactant damage were studied biochemically in bronchoalveolar flushes (BAF).

Results. It was found that in bronchoalveolar flushes of patients with tuberculosis of dust-hazardous professions, in group 1, the content of total protein increases, while the level of total phospholipids does not statistically significantly change in comparison with patients with an unburdened professional route. Among the phospholipids of BAF, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidiylethanolamine (PEA) and cardiolipin (CL) are the most common. In the BAF of the 1st group of patients, a frequent combination of fractions of PC and CL was found, in the 2nd group − PC, PEA and CL. Combinations containing sphingomyelin (SPM), PC and CL were found only in groups 1 and 2. It was also found that the level of total protein in BAF varies depending on the activity of the process, so in patients of group 1 with the presence of areas of destruction of lung tissue, the content of total protein significantly exceeded that in patients with specific inflammation subsiding.

Discussion. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with dust exposure develop sub-radiological manifestations of pneumoconiosis in the form of impaired metabolism and biochemical composition of pulmonary surfactant, which is caused both by the dust factor and the influence of specific inflammation.

Conclusion The role of biochemical criteria of pulmonary surfactant damage as early molecular markers of the sub-radiological stage of pneumoconiosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was determined.
Efficacy of a shorter chemotherapy regimen in a patient with drug-resistant tuberculosis with early surgical intervention
Authors: Chumovatov N. V. , Komissarova O. G. , Chernyh N. A. , Ergeshov A. E.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis lasts 18 to 24 months, so there is a high rate of therapy interruptions, including patient-initiated interruptions. In recent years, the use of shorter regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has been actively discussed around the world. The first use of shorter chemotherapy regimens was conducted in three regions of the Russian Federation in 2019. However, the prevalence of the use of shorter chemotherapy regimens in our country remains low.

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the high efficacy of a shortened chemotherapy regimen with surgical intervention.

Materials and methods. In the conditions of the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, the patient underwent a comprehensive examination, including mandatory, additional and optional methods of investigation. Based on the findings of the comprehensive examination and established broad drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a shorter course of chemotherapy was prescribed and surgical treatment was performed after 2 months of therapy.

Results and Discussion It was decided to carry out anti-tuberculosis therapy according to a shortened scheme in the amounts: Linezolid, Bedaquiline, Cycloserine, Levofloxacin, Pyrazinamide. Taking into account positive radiological dynamics after two months of treatment and absence of contraindications, early surgery intervention was performed. At the end of a nine-month course of chemotherapy the patient had a stable radiological picture, “fresh” focal and infiltrative changes in the lungs were not detected. Early surgical treatment with a shorter chemotherapy regimen may become a highly effective method in the cure of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Russian Federation.

Conclusion. A shorter chemotherapy regimen with optimal timing of surgical intervention is highly effective and safe to use.
Difficulties of diagnosis and the need for a comprehensive approach to treatment of patients with X-ray non-contrast orbital foreign bodies
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Pshennikov D. S. , Kirsanova I. V. , Kochetygova D. D.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. An orbital foreign body, especially of an organic nature, is often difficult to diagnose during the initial examination. A thorough history taking, clinical examination, and the use of additional imaging techniques are of great importance. Due to the risk of purulent-inflammatory complications, foreign bodies must be surgically removed.

The aim of the work was to demonstrate the importance of timely diagnosis and complex approach to treatment of patients with X-ray non-contrast foreign bodies of the orbit using the example of clinical observation.

Materials and methods. Patient R. came in with complaints of redness, pain, lacrimation and lack of vision in the left eye after falling and hitting the left side of his face on a metal corner. Left eye visual acuity = 1/∞PrLinc, IOP = T−3 (palpatory).

Results. Control X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the orbits and paranasal sinuses (PNS) suspected the presence of a radiopaque foreign body. A rhinoendoscopic examination was performed by an otorhinolaryngologist and a fragment of a large wooden foreign body was found in the nasopharyngeal arch. Surgeons of the ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic departments performed surgery: removal of the foreign body, endonasal endoscopic opening of the labyrinth on the left, endoscopic endonasal maxillary sinus maxillary sinus maxillotomy on the left, left microcoidectomy, resection of trauma-exposed tissue. During his stay in the 2nd Ophthalmologic Department of the Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko. N.A. Semashko Regional Clinical Hospital, the patient’s condition improved, infection was eliminated, prevention of possible complications was carried out. The patient was referred to the Pirogov National Medical-Surgical Center, where the following surgery was performed: microinvasive vitrectomy + FEC + PFOS + retinotomy + endotamponade with silicone oil 1300 of the left eye, and a consultation with a laser surgeon was recommended for laser iridectomy.

Discussion The clinical case considers a comprehensive approach to the treatment of intraorbital foreign bodies, the participation of a multidisciplinary team of specialists, while the patient still has a long road to rehabilitation.

Conclusion In orbital trauma with penetration of a foreign body, an accurate history, timely diagnosis, and rational surgical and conservative treatment are important. This will help to avoid serious complications and prevent visual and oculomotor disorders of the visual organ.