bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Diabetic Tubulopathy
Authors: Liu Danfeng , Chen Xiaojie , He Weiting , Lu Min , Li Qiuling , Zhang Shaogui , Xie Jianteng , Zhang Yifan , Wang Wenjian
Published: October 2024

Although diabetic glomerulopathy is a characteristic of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), manifesting as a thickened glomerular basement membrane, mesangial expansion with increased matrix, capillary microaneurysms, hypocellular nodules, and even glomerulosclerosis, accumulating data has shown that diabetic tubulopathy (DT) exists from the beginning of hyperglycemia and throughout the duration of diabetic mellitus (DM), playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DKD. Under hyperglycemic conditions, proximal tubular epithelium cells (PTECs) disturbs the tubule-globular glucose, lipid, and protein feedback metabolism, then initiates a series of pathophysiological events, such as volume overload, glomerular hyperfiltration, reactive oxidative stress, and hyperoxide overproduction, which result in hypertrophy, senility, autophagy dysfunction, and PTEC apoptosis in the early stage of DM, as well as tubule atrophy, atherosclerosis tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis in the development of DKD. Clinically, DT contributes to hyperglycemia, hypertension, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia, which accelerate DKD. The biomarkers released from injured tubules are better able than albuminuria to predict early-stage DKD. Therapeutic approaches targeting tubulointerstitial disorders (e.g. acute interstitial nephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis) in DKD have highlighted the comprehensive pathogenesis of DT and the need for early diagnosis of and intervention in DKD.
Virtual follow-up after cataract surgery: systematic review
Authors: Hanna Angelica , Martinez Diana Lucia , Popovic Marko , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. , Teichman Joshua
Published: October 2024

Topic:

To examine the association between virtual postoperative follow-up care and patient outcomes after cataract surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

Cataract surgery is a safe and commonly performed surgery. Follow-up visits are used to monitor for complications. It is uncertain whether virtual follow-up provides a safe alternative to in-person review.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from inception to October 2023 for relevant articles containing original data. Studies that (1) included patients who were seen in a virtual follow-up (ie, telephone or video call) for postoperative appointments after cataract surgery and (2) reported patient outcomes were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa and RoB2 assessment tools. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. The review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number, CRD42023477207), and PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results:

The search yielded 1710 records with 7 studies included in this review. The 7 studies reported on 2113 cataract surgeries in 1994 patients. The studies ranged between 2004 and 2020. Most of the studies (5/7) included only patients with uneventful cataract surgery. Virtual follow-ups were all conducted by telephone. The follow-up calls were made at varying timepoints including postoperative day 1 (n = 3), day 7 (n = 2), and day 14 (n = 1). 2 observational studies directly compared patients who had a telephone follow-up with a control group who had an in-person follow-up. There were no significant differences in complication rates (P = .22) or visual acuity (P = .28) between these follow-up groups. None of the studies reported serious adverse outcomes from replacing in-person follow-up with telephone follow-up. One study used virtual follow-up in conjunction with in-person visits for elderly patients and found that additional telephone follow-up was associated with decreased surgical recovery time and decreased patient anxiety. 3 studies reported on patient perceptions about telephone follow-up. A common theme was that patients preferred telephone reviews and found them to be more convenient than in-person follow-up.

Conclusions:

For patients with uneventful cataract surgery, virtual follow-ups seem to be a safe alternative to in-person visits and were preferred by patients. These conclusions are preliminary given the limited literature base, and further study is needed.
Applying normative atlases in deep brain stimulation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chang Bowen , Park Jay J. , Buch Vivek P.
Published: October 2024

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic strategy for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Precise target localization is essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes, necessitating advanced neuroimaging techniques. Normative atlases provide standardized references for accurate electrode placement, enhancing treatment customization and efficacy. This comprehensive review explores the application of normative atlases in DBS, emphasizing their role in target identification, patient-specific electrode placement, and predicting stimulation outcomes. Challenges, such as variability across atlases and technical complexities, are addressed alongside future directions and innovations, including advancements in neuroimaging technologies and the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Normative atlases play a pivotal role in enhancing DBS precision and patient outcomes, promising a future of personalized and effective therapies in neurology and psychiatry.
New dietary trends and alternative proteins: the emergence of novel food allergens
Authors: Awad Yara , Bernard Hervé , Adel-Patient Karine , Hazebrouck Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the review

New dietary trends driven by environmental and health considerations will undoubtedly lead to the emergence of novel food allergens. Assessment of the allergenic risk of new or modified protein-containing food sources and ingredients, as well as surveillance of emerging food allergies, is then required.

Recent findings

Developments of in silico and in vitro models apprehending protein capacity to cross-react with other homologous proteins and to induce a de novo allergic sensitization are ongoing to better integrate multiple parameters such as 3D structural information or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation propensity. However, the effects of food matrices and food processing still need to be addressed in these models. Consequently, clinical and postmarket surveillance remain of critical importance to alert on emergent food allergies, which are modulated by regional dietary practices.

Monitoring of the emergence of food allergens requires close collaborations between allergologists, consumers, patient associations and food safety authorities. We also need to get a consensus on an acceptable level of allergenic risk that offers the possibility to develop and market innovative and sustainable food products.
Neuro-immune cell interactions in the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis
Authors: Hou Xiaoxiao , Artis David
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

Bidirectional regulation between neurons and immune cells in the intestine governs essential physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism and motility, while also controlling intestinal inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review covers recent advances and future research challenges focused on the regulatory molecules and potential therapeutic targets in neuron-immune interactions within the intestine.

Recent findings

Recently identified molecular and cellular pathways have been shown to regulate neuron-immune cell cross talk in the context of maintaining tissue homeostasis, modulating inflammation, and promoting intestinal repair. Additionally, behaviors governed by the central nervous system, including feeding and stress responses, can play key roles in regulating intestinal immunity and inflammation.

This review emphasizes recent progress in understanding the complex interplay between the nervous system and intestinal immune system and outlines future research directions. These advances have the potential to lead to innovative therapies targeting gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic responses and cancer.
Emerging trends and hotspots in lung cancer-prediction models research
Authors: Ma Qiong , Jiang Hua , Tan Shiyan , You Fengming , Zheng Chuan , Wang Qian , Ren Yifeng
Published: October 2024

Objective:

In recent years, lung cancer-prediction models have become popular. However, few bibliometric analyses have been performed in this field.

Methods:

This study aimed to reveal the scientific output and trends in lung cancer-prediction models from a global perspective. In this study, publications were retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to analyze hotspots and theme trends.

Results:

A marked increase in the number of publications related to lung cancer-prediction models was observed. A total of 2711 institutions from in 64 countries/regions published 2139 documents in 566 academic journals. China and the United States were the leading country in the field of lung cancer-prediction models. The institutions represented by Fudan University had significant academic influence in the field. Analysis of keywords revealed that lncRNA, tumor microenvironment, immune, cancer statistics, The Cancer Genome Atlas, nomogram, and machine learning were the current focus of research in lung cancer-prediction models.

Conclusions:

Over the last two decades, research on risk-prediction models for lung cancer has attracted increasing attention. Prognosis, machine learning, and multi-omics technologies are both current hotspots and future trends in this field. In the future, in-depth explorations using different omics should increase the sensitivity and accuracy of lung cancer-prediction models and reduce the global burden of lung cancer.
Effectiveness of Nurse-Driven Protocols in Reducing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Su Liangliang
Published: October 2024

Background:

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are common health care–associated infections linked to indwelling urinary catheters. Nurse-driven protocols (NDPs) empower nurses to direct care without physician orders, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and reducing infection rates.

Purpose:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of NDPs for preventing CAUTIs and reducing catheter utilization rates.

Methods:

Databases searched included Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and others. Ten studies involving 27, 965 NDP-treated patients and 30, 230 controls were reviewed, examining catheter utilization rates and CAUTI incidence.

Results:

Use of NDPs significantly lowered catheter utilization rates (34.84% vs 49.40%) and CAUTI incidence (2.867% vs 6.503%). Risk ratio analysis revealed a 29.48% decrease in catheter utilization and a 55.91% reduced CAUTI risk with NDP implementation.

Conclusions:

Using NDPs demonstrate superior efficacy in reducing catheter use and CAUTI occurrence compared to traditional methods. Further research is warranted to solidify evidence-based nursing practices in this area.
Perceived Dying Experience and Compassion in Oncology Patients and Nurses Following Implementation of the Forever Heart Program
Authors: Terzano Valerie T. , Kirk Jessica , Blind Jenna , Bass Benjamin , Pierre-Lallemand Woodlyne , Zavotsky Kathleen Evanovich
Published: October 2024

This pilot study explored the feasibility of a Forever Heart Program and the impact it has on oncology nurses’ perception of the dying experience and their own compassion competence. Guided by Kubler-Ross’s framework, the Forever Heart Program consists of a gemstone keepsake offered to patients and families during end-of-life care to support the grieving process. A mixed-methods approach utilized pretest/posttest design in a convenience sample of oncology nurses in an academic medical center over a 3-month period. The study collected demographics, Compassion Competence Scale scores, and qualitative responses via survey and an optional focus group. Twenty-five nurses participated in the presurvey, and 14 participated in the postsurvey. Seven nurses attended the focus groups. Overall, compassion competence scores were high, both pre and post. Qualitative themes included appreciation, connection, positive nursing, patient and family experience/relationships, grieving guidance, program benefits, and process opportunities. Although the study did not show statistically significant differences in compassion, it did show program feasibility and the potential positive impact that keepsakes like the Forever Heart Program can have on nurses and their role in the dying experience.
The Correlation Between Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Physical Activity in Unilateral Vestibulopathies
Authors: Van Laer Lien , Koppelaar-van Eijsden Hanna M. , Hallemans Ann , Van Rompaey Vincent , Schermer Tjard R. , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , Vereeck Luc
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose:

In individuals with unilateral vestibulopathy (UVP), physical activity (PA) is recommended to stimulate central vestibular compensation. However, the presence of fear avoidance beliefs might negatively influence PA. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between fear avoidance beliefs and PA and to compare PA levels between individuals with UVP in an acute/subacute vs chronic phase.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, PA was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Fear avoidance beliefs were quantified using the Vestibular Activities Avoidance Instrument. The correlation between fear avoidance beliefs and PA was evaluated using regression analyses, with other potential influencing factors also considered.

Results:

A total of 102 participants were included. The average age was 56.1 (SD 15.2) years, and 57.8% were male. Participants with chronic UVP presented with shorter sedentary time (4,591 vs 5129 min/wk; P = 0.004), longer standing time (1443 vs 1165 min/wk; P = 0.025), higher vigorous PA (187 vs 107 min/wk; P = 0.005), and higher total PA (773 vs 623 min/wk; P = 0.003) compared to participants with acute/subacute UVP. In participants with acute/subacute UVP, variability in total PA was explained up to 54.7% by fear avoidance beliefs, etiology of the UVP, and gender (R
2 = 0.547, F
4,45 = 13.6, P < 0.001). In participants with chronic UVP, fear avoidance beliefs explained 4.1% of the variability in total PA (R
2 = 0.041, F
1,49 = 2.086, P = 0.155).

Discussion and Conclusions:

In acute/subacute UVP, assessing fear avoidance beliefs helps to understand physical inactivity. In chronic UVP, no significant association between fear avoidance beliefs and PA was observed.

Video Abstract available

for more insights from the authors (see the video, Supplemental Digital Content, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A488).
Existential isolation and lack of authentic meetings: adolescents' experiences when mothers are diagnosed and treated for breast cancer
Authors: Søby Anne K. H. , Andersen Aida H. , Andersen Christina M. , Roessler Kirsten K. , Huniche Lotte
Published: October 2024

Background:

Adolescents living with mothers diagnosed with breast cancer are at risk of internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, worsened by maternal distress. Owing to their developmental stage, adolescents may be particularly vulnerable and their needs for information and support are poorly met. To support this group, this study aimed to identify adolescents' (aged 13–18) experiences and needs during their mothers' breast cancer trajectory.

Methods:

Using a hermeneutic existential–phenomenological approach, semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 11 adolescents 3 times each: 1) shortly after their mother was diagnosed, 2) midway through their mother's treatment course, and 3) 6 months after their mother finished her treatment. Based on the resumés and I-poems of the interviews with thematic analysis, 5 themes were consolidated, inspired by 4 existential life themes: death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness.

Findings:

Findings are structured around the following 6 themes: 1) involvement vs shock: most adolescents were not involved until after diagnosis but preferred to be fully informed during the entire trajectory; 2) death anxiety: participants were struck by the fear of losing their mother, expressing death or separation anxiety, reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic; 3) concealing fear: adolescents were urged to suppress the fear of losing their mother, which meant concealing rather than processing or regulating emotions; 4) escaping existential isolation: merging with their mother or making themselves vital was a way to avoid experiencing existential isolation; 5) finding meaning in suffering: adolescents presented a perception of having grown stronger but merely expressed suffering; and 6) authentic meetings: adolescents lack authentic meetings with friends and family.

Conclusions:

When their mothers are diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer, adolescents experience existential anxiety related to death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. Adolescence is a potentially vulnerable developmental time, and supportive interventions are recommended.
Emergency Department Visits After Body Piercings
Authors: Cirks Blake T. , Maranich Ashley , Nylund Cade M. , Barron Johanna , Reeves Patrick T.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

There is a paucity of data describing the frequency and complications of body piercing injuries (BPI) in the United States.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) to identify emergency department (ED) visits for BPI from 2011–2020 and to estimate prevalence among US individuals ≤24 years of age. Additionally, estimates for infections, requirements for hospitalization/transfer, and exploring significant associations were investigated.

Results

A total of 10,912 ED visits extrapolates to a national estimate of 338,972 BPIs in the United States. A majority of BPI involved females (85%), adolescents or young adults (55%), and ears (71%). Foreign bodies comprised 72.6% of BPI. Thirteen percent of ED piercing visits were associated with infection. Of these ED visits for BPI-associated infection, 3% required hospitalization/transfer. In the context of all piercing-associated injuries, injuries to the pubic region were 16.8 times more likely to require hospitalization compared to body piercing injuries of the ear. In the context of all piercing-associated infections, navel (lower trunk), nipple (upper trunk), and oral (mouth) locations were associated with increased odds of infection when compared to BPI infections of the ear.

Conclusions

BPI is a common problem in children, adolescents, and youth. Age and body piercing location significantly impact rates of BPI, infection, and hospitalization/transfer. Further study should identify the total number of annual body piercings in the United States. This could generate targeted counseling and risk reduction interventions aimed at specific groups, especially older children who appear to be at increased risk.
Assessment of Public Health Impact of 20 Non-Research HIV Demonstration Projects by Use of the CDC Science Impact Framework, United States, 2018-2022
Authors: Beltrami John , Carree Tamara , Spikes Pilgrim , Mulatu Mesfin S. , Ajoku Sophia , Dunbar Erica
Published: October 2024

Compared with traditional measures of scientific impact, the CDC Science Impact Framework more broadly, directly, and quickly assesses impact of public health science. For 20 CDC-funded HIV prevention projects that were conducted during 2018-2022, health departments documented impact, based on CDC Science Impact Framework domains: Disseminating Science, Creating Awareness, Catalyzing Action, Effecting Change, and Shaping the Future. Health departments reported 282 impacts: the most common were new partnerships (n = 17, Catalyzing Action), capacity building (n = 16, Effecting Change), new projects or initiatives begun (n = 15, Shaping the Future), new collaborations (n = 14, Catalyzing Action), improved program (n = 13, Shaping the Future), new guidelines or practices (n = 13, Effecting Change), and informed persons affected by work (n = 13, Creating Awareness). Health departments documented substantial impact with a simple, timely, and broad approach. Demonstrating impact is important for community-based organizations, funders, and others interested in public health and helps them better understand the value of public health.
Management of the Infected Tissue Expander
Authors: Nelson Jonas A. , Vingan Perri S. , Graziano Francis D. , Mandelbaum Max , Rochlin Danielle , Boe Lillian A. , Gutierrez Julia , Matros Evan , Mehrara Babak J. , Coriddi Michelle R.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Tissue expander (TE) infection is a critical postoperative complication in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR). We assessed risk factors associated with TE infection and reconstructive loss and examined reconstructive salvage rates.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent IBBR with TE placement from 2017 to 2022. Included were patients with TE infection treated with admission and IV antibiotics, interventional radiology (IR) drainage, and/or operative management (washout with or without TE removal and TE replacement, TE removal and replacement with implant, and/or TE removal without replacement). Reconstructive success was defined as maintenance of breast reconstruction for 1 year after TE placement.

Results:

Of 4,498 patients who underwent IBBR, 305 (338 TEs) met the inclusion criteria. Cox modeling showed higher body mass index, hypertension, radiation, bilateral TEs, acellular dermal matrix use, increasing mastectomy weight, and nipple sparing mastectomy were associated with increased hazard of TE infection. Patients with TE infection had a 54% reconstructive failure rate within 1 year; Cox modeling showed Black race and gram-negative cultures were associated with increased hazard of reconstructive failure within 1 year. Patients who underwent TE replacement with an implant had the most favorable success rate following infection.

Conclusion:

Overall, 46% of patients admitted with a periprosthetic infection had successful salvage. Patients with TE infection should be started on IV antibiotics with a low threshold for operative intervention based on exam and culture data. While IR can guide operative intervention of periprosthetic infections, our practice has shifted away from IR drainage towards definitive operative management.
Effectiveness and Safety of Dupuytren Contracture Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using the GRADE Approach
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed S. , Karjalainen Venla-Linnea , Reddy Ashruth , Karjalainen Teemu , Chung Kevin C.
Published: October 2024

Background:

There is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment for Dupuytren contracture. Prior meta-analyses have been limited by suboptimal data synthesis methodologies. We conducted an updated evidence review comparing the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF), collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH), and limited fasciectomy (LF) using the GRADE approach.

Methods:

CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes following PNF, CCH, and LF for Dupuytren contracture treatment. Outcomes of interest included residual contracture, recurrence rate, hand function, pain, global satisfaction, and adverse events. Time points included 3-months, 1-year, and 2-3 years.

Results:

Seventeen publications (1,010 patients) were included. High to moderate certainty evidence showed no clinically important difference in long-term contracture reduction (PNF vs. LF (mean difference (MD): 7.6°; 95% CI: 1.8°-13.4°), CCH vs. LF (MD: 4.8°; 95% CI: -1.3°-10.9°)). Moderate certainty evidence indicated that LF provides the lowest risk of long-term recurrence (PNF vs. LF (relative risk (RR): 12.3; 95% CI: 1.6-92.4), CCH vs. LF (RR: 9.5; 95% CI 1.2-73.4)), LF has a higher risk of serious adverse events than PNF (RR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.9), and CCH has a higher risk of overall adverse events than PNF (RR: 4.8; 95% CI 2.9-7.0).

Conclusions:

CCH, PNF, and LF are equally effective in long-term contracture reduction. However, LF yields more durable results at a higher risk of rare but serious adverse events. Current evidence suggests the use of PNF over CCH. However, ultimate treatment decisions should be tailored to individual patient preferences.
Schizophrenia, Off-Label Antipsychotics, and Dementia Risk in People With HIV
Authors: Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H. , Wyatt Michael D. , Shtutman Michael , Sutton S. Scott
Published: October 2024

Background:

Comorbidities such as schizophrenia and medication such as antipsychotics may influence the risk of dementia among people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this article is to assess the associations among HIV patients with schizophrenia, off-label antipsychotics, and dementia risk.

Setting:

US Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities from 2000 to September 2023.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of PLWH treated by the US Department of Veterans Affairs with history of schizophrenia, off-label antipsychotic use, and neither schizophrenia nor antipsychotic use. Propensity score-matched non-HIV controls were included for the respective HIV groups. The hazard of dementia is estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

PLWH and schizophrenia, were found to have a 2.49 higher hazard of dementia than HIV patients with no history of schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85 to 3.35). PLWH and off-label antipsychotic use were found to have a 1.77-fold higher hazard of dementia than HIV patients with no history of schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication use (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.28). Propensity score-matched analysis reveals that, among patients with schizophrenia, those with HIV had a 1.65-fold higher hazard of dementia (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.44). Among patients with no schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication, those with HIV had a 1.47-fold higher hazard of dementia (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33 to 1.63).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that among PLWH, history of schizophrenia or off-label antipsychotic medication use are associated with substantial increases in dementia incidence. Furthermore, propensity score-matched control analysis reveals that HIV infection itself is independently and significantly associated with elevated dementia risk.
Vestibular Marginal Skin Excision Technique for Minor Secondary Unilateral Cleft Nose Deformity
Authors: Rossell-Perry Percy , Gavino-Gutierrez Arquimedes
Published: October 2024

Background:

Unilateral cleft lip secondary nasal deformities are common and require surgical correction frequently. The nasal dome on the cleft side is depressed, and the nasal ala is in an extended and flattened position compared with the noncleft side. In addition, the nasal septum is deviated into the cleft nostril. Intermediate cleft rhinoplasty is frequently performed during preschool age to address nasal deformities in cleft patients before the most critical period of psychosocial development. The purpose of this study is to describe an innovative method involving a minimal incision and tip dissection for secondary nasal repair in patients with unilateral cleft lip.

Methods:

This is a prospective cohort study. Since 2019, a single surgeon has operated on 25 consecutive unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with minor secondary nasal deformities. The method involves vestibular marginal skin excision and nasal tip dissection to reshape the affected nostril, improving symmetry. The outcomes were evaluated through anthropometric measurements of the repaired nose during at least 3 years of follow-up.

Results:

A single surgeon has operated on 25 unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with minor secondary nasal deformities using the proposed technique. Total nostril symmetry was achieved in 84% of cases during follow-up at the time of alveolar bone graft.

Conclusions:

Proposed secondary cleft rhinoplasty is a good approach to improve nostril appearance in patients with minor secondary unilateral nasal deformities. However, longer follow-up time and comparative studies are required to evaluate its efficacy.
Median Craniofacial Hypoplasia
Authors: Alba Brandon , Harmon Kelly A. , La-Anyane Okensama , Tragos Christina
Published: October 2024

Median craniofacial hypoplasia is characterized by tissue deficiency of the midline facial structures and/or brain. Patients can present with a wide variety of facial differences that may or may not require operative intervention. Common reconstructive procedures include cleft lip and/or palate repair, rhinoplasty, and orthognathic surgery, among others. Surgical needs can vary greatly among patients and an individualized management plan is critical. In this paper, the authors present a case series of 3 patients with different severities of median craniofacial hypoplasia, including a discussion of their surgical procedures and the reconstructive principles used to guide their management. The authors also present a general algorithm for the surgical management of median craniofacial hypoplasia, which considers each patient’s unique medical and surgical circumstances.
Fall prevention among adult surgical patients in Tabriz, Iran: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Nouri Mehdi , Talebpour Amin , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Rezaei Zohreh , Rahmati Fatemeh , Mehdipour Robab
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Falling out of bed is the most common unintentional cause of injury among patients and is a major safety problem in health care facilities. Current practices for fall prevention may not always be aligned with established best practices, leading to variability in patient outcomes. This uncertainty underscores the need to assess and improve compliance with best practice guidelines for fall prevention.

Objectives:

This project aimed to improve fall prevention in the surgical ward of a general hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods:

This study was guided by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. A baseline audit was conducted using eleven audit criteria representing best practices for fall prevention. After the implementation of improvement strategies, a follow-up audit was conducted to evaluate changes in practice.

Results:

The results revealed significant improvements, notably, fall risk assessment upon admission (87% to 92%), fall risk assessment upon ward transfer (39% to 79%), patient participation in fall risk assessment (26% to 68%), reassessment upon change in condition (53% to 74%), communicating fall prevention information to at-risk patients and their families/caregivers (42% to 63%), engagement of patients (100% to 100%), implementation of targeted strategies (89% to 92%), post-fall assessment and interventions (82% to 87%), revising patient fall risk status and reviewing care management plan (41% to 74%), fall prevention information to patients and their families/caregivers upon discharge (44% to 66%), and person-centered education of health care professionals (77% to 81%).

Conclusion:

The use of standard clinical audit tools in hospitals can improve the quality of patient care and increase the effectiveness of interventions by identifying weaknesses in the patient care process.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A283
Music Therapy in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cavalcante Luiza Lorenz , Sciarra Adília Maria Pires , de Godoy Moacir Fernandes
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Music Therapy is a form of therapy that involves the musical sphere to promote the well-being and improvement of patients’ vital conditions. Conversely, intensive care units are normally recognized as stressful and threatening environments. Therefore, it can be used to contribute to maintaining the mental health of these patients.

Method

A systematic review with meta-analysis of Music Therapy in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units was performed. The methodology followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with 10 articles analyzed, and a total of approximately 737 patients. The vital signs assessed were respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and perceived pain intensity. Additionally, a comparison was made between different types of music for each population studied.

Results

It was observed that Music Therapy reduced the respiratory rate and pain sensitivity index in the pediatric ICU by 1.92 bpm (p-value: 0.004) and 2.09 Wong-Baker FACES units (p-value: <0.0001), respectively. Additionally, it has increased oxygen saturation in pediatric and neonatal ICUs by 0.37 (p-value: 0.001) and 0.2 (p-value: 0.04), respectively. The favorite kind of music listened to by the patients presented better results than the others.

Conclusion

There is a scarcity of articles that would allow a comprehensive analysis of this theme, specifically studying different types of this therapy with these populations. Additionally, based on the results presented in the study, it is evident that music therapy is a potential treatment that can be utilized in a hospital setting. Few articles facilitate a comprehensive analysis of this theme, particularly regarding various types of therapy for these populations. Furthermore, the study’s results have pointed out that music therapy is a viable treatment option in a hospital setting.
Discovery of novel obesity genes through cross-ancestry analysis
Authors: Banerjee Deepro , Girirajan Santhosh
Published: October 2024

Gene discoveries in obesity have largely relied on homogeneous populations, limiting their generalizability across ancestries. We performed a gene-based rare variant association study of BMI on 839,110 individuals from six ancestries across two population-scale biobanks. A cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified 13 genes, including five novel ones: YLPM1, RIF1, GIGYF1, SLC5A3, and GRM7, that conferred about three-fold risk for severe obesity, were expressed in the brain and adipose tissue, and were linked to obesity traits such as body-fat percentage. While YLPM1, MC4R, and SLTM showed consistent effects, GRM7 and APBA1 showed significant ancestral heterogeneity. Polygenic risk additively increased obesity penetrance, and phenome-wide studies identified additional associations, including YLPM1 with altered mental status. These genes also influenced cardiometabolic comorbidities, including GIGYF1 and SLTM towards type 2 diabetes with or without BMI as a mediator, and altered levels of plasma proteins, such as LECT2 and NCAN, which in turn affected BMI. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of obesity and its related comorbidities across ancestries and ascertainments.
Functional dynamic network connectivity differentiates biological patterns in the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Pini Lorenzo , Brusini Lorenza , Griffa Alessandra , Cruciani Federica , Allali Gilles , Frisoni Giovanni , Corbetta Maurizio , Menegaz Gloria , Boscolo Galazzo Ilaria
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be conceptualized as a network-based syndrome. Network alterations are linked to the molecular hallmarks of AD, involving amyloid-beta and tau accumulation, and neurodegeneration. By combining molecular and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed whether different biological patterns of AD identified through a data-driven approach matched specific abnormalities in brain dynamic connectivity. We identified three main patient clusters. The first group displayed mild pathological alterations. The second cluster exhibited typical behavioral impairment alongside AD pathology. The third cluster demonstrated similar behavioral impairment but with a divergent tau (low) and neurodegeneration (high) profile. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed two connectivity patterns encompassing the default mode network and the occipito-temporal cortex, linked respectively with typical and atypical patterns. These results support the key association between macro-scale and molecular alterations. Dynamic connectivity markers can assist in identifying patients with AD-like clinical profiles but with different underlying pathologies.
Perivascular and parenchymal fluid characteristics are related to age and cognitive performance across the lifespan
Authors: Lynch Kirsten Mary , Custer Rachel M , Sepehrband Farshid , Toga Arthur W. , Choupan Jeiran
Published: October 2024

Perivascular spaces (PVS) play a critical role in fluid transfer and waste clearance in the brain, but few studies have explored how alterations to perivascular fluid flow may impact brain maturation and behavior. This study aims to characterize age-related alterations to perivascular and parenchymal fluid flow characteristics across the lifespan in typically developing children (8-21 years) and aging adults (35-90 years) and assess their contribution to cognition. In this study, we employ multi-compartment diffusion models, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and tissue tensor imaging (TTI), to quantify free water diffusion characteristics within automatically defined perivascular spaces using enhanced PVS contrasts, the surrounding parenchyma, and at variable distances from the PVS. Our findings show free water diffusion characteristics within the PVS and surrounding parenchyma are associated with age and cognitive scores.
Dexrazoxane as a viable microsporidia control agent inAnopheles gambiae
Authors: Zeferino Tiago G. , Silva Luís M.
Published: October 2024

Microsporidia have long been proposed as biological agents for controlling disease vectors and the parasites they transmit. However, their study in vector biology has been constrained due to challenges in manipulating microsporidia within hosts. In this study, we investigated the effect of Dexrazoxane, a candidate drug against microsporidiosis, on the establishment and development ofVavraia culicisinfection in its natural host, the mosquitoAnopheles gambiae, the main malaria vector. Our findings show that Dexrazoxane significantly reduces spore load, particularly in mosquitoes reared individually, without affecting the overall infection success of the parasite. This result aligns with studies inCaenorhabditis elegans, where Dexrazoxane inhibited new spore production without hindering initial spore integration into the host gut cells. Dexrazoxane’s DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor mechanism likely explains its impact on mosquito development, as larvae exposed to the drug failed to emerge as adults. These findings highlight Dexrazoxane’s potential as a viable tool for controlling microsporidia in adult mosquitoes and hope to enhance the study of mosquito-microsporidia interactions. Further research is required to explore its broader application in vector-borne disease control, including malaria.
Heat Stress on the brown SeaweedAscophyllum nodosum: differential population sensitivity to future climate
Authors: Pereira Luís F. , Arenas Francisco , Seabra Rui , da Silva Rita , Monteiro Cátia , Pereira Joana , Vale Cândida G. , Serôdio João , Frankenbach Silja , Ghiglione Vittoria , Ribeiro Pedro , Lima Fernando P.
Published: October 2024

Accurate forecasts of the biological impacts of climate change require a better understanding of how small-scale temperature variability affects individual physiology and population dynamics. But doing so for intertidal species with large distribution ranges, while also accounting for the effect of local adaptation, presents numerous technical challenges. Here, we assessed the macroecological consequences of thermal stress on the cold-adapted brown seaweedAscophyllum nodosumacross its European distribution. We collected specimens from ten populations spanning latitudes 41°N to 60°N and subjected them to simulated intertidal heat stress using a novel, custom-built experimental setup that replicated realistic conditions, including tidal cycles, light conditions, and temperature trajectories based onin situdata. Our factorial design comprised eight experimental treatments, combining two high-tide water temperatures (15 °C and 20.5 °C) with four low-tide peak temperatures (28.5 °C to 40.5 °C). Physiological performance was evaluated through measurements of growth, mortality, and oxygen production. Results indicate that thermal stress is more closely associated with the magnitude of temperature change between high and low tides rather than the absolute maximum temperatures reached. Algae exposed to warmer water temperatures (20.5 °C) consistently outperformed those in colder water (15 °C), suggesting that cold upwelled waters at the species’ southern limit may not be essential for survival. Southern populations demonstrated higher resilience to thermal stress than central and northern counterparts. Integrating these physiological responses with climate projections, we employed demographic models to forecast long-term population dynamics. The models predict that future climatic conditions could exceed the thermal resilience of specific populations, leading to uneven impacts across the European distribution of the species. Notwithstanding, range contractions may occur at the warm edge of the distribution, where populations, though more resilient to thermal stress, could still be overwhelmed by the pace of warming. This study underscores the importance of realistic experimental simulations in evaluating species’ thermal tolerance and highlights the potential for climate change to differentially impact populations along large latitudinal gradients.
The conformational equilibria of a human GPCR compared between lipid vesicles and aqueous solutions by integrative19F-NMR
Authors: Ray Arka , Jin Beining , Eddy Matthew
Published: October 2024

Endogenous phospholipids influence the conformational equilibria of G protein-coupled receptors, regulating their ability to bind drugs and form signaling complexes. However, most studies of GPCR-lipid interactions have been carried out in mixed micelles or lipid nanodiscs. Though useful, these membrane mimetics do not fully replicate the physical properties of native cellular membranes associated with large assemblies of lipids. We investigated the conformational equilibria of the human A2Aadenosine receptor (A2AAR) in phospholipid vesicles using19F solid-state magic angle spinning NMR (SSNMR). By applying an optimized sample preparation workflow and experimental conditions, we were able to obtain19F-SSNMR spectra for both antagonist- and agonist-bound complexes with sensitivity and line widths closely comparable to those achieved using solution NMR. This facilitated a direct comparison of the A2AAR conformational equilibria across detergent micelle, lipid nanodisc, and lipid vesicle preparations. While antagonist-bound A2AAR showed a similar conformational equilibria across all membrane and membrane mimetic systems, the conformational equilibria of agonist-bound A2AAR exhibited differences among different environments. This suggests that the conformational equilibria of GPCRs may be influenced not only by specific receptor-lipid interactions but also by the membrane properties found in larger lipid assemblies.
KLHDC7B, a novel gene associated with age-related hearing loss in humans, is required for the maintenance of hearing in mice
Authors: Kaufman Alexandra M. , Silver Benjamin , Donnianni Roberto A , Aguilar Carlos , Niu Lingzi , Johnson Daniel , Bullen Anwen , Corona Alma , van Soldt Benjamin J. , Vora Nilay , Batista Gervasio , Cortes-Burgos Luz , Copeland Jacqueline , Fallah Elika , Zhang Norman , Lehmkuhl Marina , Cancelarich Sarah , Campos Kara , Di Battista Miani Daniela , Mumphrey Jaylen , Croll Susan D , Walls Johnathon R. , Germino Mary , Bowl Michael R , Drummond Meghan C , Dawson Sally J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory loss in older adults, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have linked variation in a large number of genes with increased risk of ARHL for the first time. Amongst the strongest of these associations is variation inKLHDC7B,a gene of unknown function and one not previously linked to hearing.

Methods

To confirm whether KLHDC7B plays a role in hearing we investigated auditory function in two independent knockout mutant mouse models ofKlhdc7b: Klhdc7bIMPC−/−andKlhdc7bRegnΔ/Δon the C57BL/6N background and the B6.CAST-Cdh23753A>Gbackground respectively. The B6.CAST-Cdh23753A>Gbackground was backcrossed to correct a known age-related hearing loss (ahl) mutation incadherin 23present in both the C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J strains.

Results

We showed thatKlhdc7bis expressed exclusively in inner and outer sensory hair cells within the cochlea of mice at the RNA and protein level. Homozygous mutants for both knockout mouse models display a similar early-onset, progressive and severe hearing loss. Histological characterization of the two mouse models suggests that hair cells develop normally and are present in neonates. However, after the onset of hearing there is a progressive loss of outer hair cells in a gradient from base to apex of the cochlea consistent with the hearing deficit in the mice and the pattern of hearing loss in ARHL. Inner hair cells remain intact up to the latest age examined (~8 weeks).

Conclusions

Our data suggests KLHDC7B is required for maintenance of auditory function rather than in its development, supporting the novel association with ARHL in humans detected in recent GWAS. To our knowledge, this is the first validation in mouse of an ARHL association in humans detected in a GWAS. Our work also provides two distinct mouse models to further investigate the role of KLHDC7B in auditory function and for use in the development of therapeutic tools to prevent or treat ARHL.
Disentangling the effects of Anxious, Autistic and Psychotic Traits on Perceptual Inference
Authors: Bévalot Caroline , Meyniel Florent
Published: October 2024

The brain combines sensory information and prior information, taking into account uncertainty, to perceive the world. This inference process approaches optimality in humans but with inter-individual differences associated with psychological traits. Previous results on these differences are in fact highly heterogeneous and even contradictory. We highlight experimental, modeling, and analysis choices that may contribute to this heterogeneity. We propose a set of tasks utilizing explicit and implicit priors, combined with computational modeling, to isolate the decision and learning stages of perceptual inference. Using a multidimensional approach, we characterized differences in perceptual inference associated with anxious, autistic and psychotic traits in two large samples from the general population. Our findings reveal that anxious, autistic, and psychotic traits form three distinct, yet correlated, dimensions. More anxious traits were associated with enhanced performance and greater reliance on sensory information at the decision stage. Autistic traits were not associated with any difference in perceptual inference; results for psychotic traits were inconsistent across the two samples. Results are partly different when using unidimensional analyses. Together, these results stress the importance of a multidimensional approach that takes anxious traits into account to characterize inter-individual differences in perceptual inference.