bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structures in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Lang Xiu-lu , Chen Xiang , Xu Ai-ling , Song Zhi-wen , Wang Xin , Wang He-bing
Published: October 2018

Microorganisms play important roles in the reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants in constructed wetlands used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the diversity and structure of microbial community in constructed wetland system remain poorly known. In this study, the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the bacterial and archaeal microbial community structures of soil and water in a free surface flow constructed wetland, and the differences of bacterial communities and archaeal compositions between soil and water were compared. The results showed that the Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, making up 35.38%~48.66% relative abundance. Euryarchaeotic were the absolute dominant archaea in the influent sample with the relative abundance of 93.29%, while Thaumarchaeota showed dominance in the other three samples, making up 50.58%~75.70%. The relative abundances of different species showed great changes in bacteria and archaea, and the number of dominant species in bacteria was much higher than that in archaea. Compared to archaea, the community compositions of bacteria were more abundant and the changes were more significant. Meanwhile, bacteria and archaea had large differences in compositions between water and soil. The microbial richness in water was significantly higher than that in soil. Simultaneously, soil had a significant enrichment effect on some microbial flora.
Ground-Based Cloud-Type Recognition Using Manifold Kernel Sparse Coding and Dictionary Learning
Authors: Luo Qixiang , Zhou Zeming , Meng Yong , Li Qian , Li Miaoying
Published: October 2018

Recognizing cloud type of ground-based images automatically has a great influence on the weather service but poses a significant challenge. Based on the symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix manifold, a novel method named “manifold kernel sparse coding and dictionary learning” (MKSCDL) is proposed for cloud classification. Different from classical features extracted in the Euclidean space, the SPD matrix fuses multiple features and represents non-Euclidean geometric characteristics. MKSCDL is composed of three steps: feature extraction, dictionary learning, and classification. With the learned dictionary, the SPD matrix of the cloud image can be described with the sparse code. The experiments are conducted on two different ground-based cloud image datasets. Benefitting from the sparse representation on the Riemannian matrix manifold, compared to the recent baselines, experimental results demonstrate that MKSCDL possesses a more competitive performance on both grayscale and colour image datasets.
A Formula for Eigenvalues of Jacobi Matrices with a Reflection Symmetry
Authors: Rutkevich S. B.
Published: October 2018

The spectral properties of two special classes of Jacobi operators are studied. For the first class represented by the 2M-dimensional real Jacobi matrices whose entries are symmetric with respect to the secondary diagonal, a new polynomial identity relating the eigenvalues of such matrices with their matrix entries is obtained. In the limit M→∞ this identity induces some requirements, which should satisfy the scattering data of the resulting infinite-dimensional Jacobi operator in the half-line, of which super- and subdiagonal matrix elements are equal to -1. We obtain such requirements in the simplest case of the discrete Schrödinger operator acting in l2(N), which does not have bound and semibound states and whose potential has a compact support.
Targeting PIM Kinase with PD1 Inhibition Improves Immunotherapeutic Antitumor T-cell Response
Authors: Chatterjee Shilpak , Chakraborty Paramita , Daenthanasanmak Anusara , Iamsawat Supinya , Andrejeva Gabriela , Luevano Libia A. , Wolf Melissa , Baliga Uday , Krieg Carsten , Beeson Craig C. , Mehrotra Meenal , Hill Elizabeth G. , Rathmell Jeffery C. , Yu Xue-Zhong , Kraft Andrew S. , Mehrotra Shikhar
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) of cancer, which involves the infusion of ex vivo–engineered tumor epitope reactive autologous T cells into the tumor-bearing host, is a potential treatment modality for cancer. However, the durable antitumor response following ACT is hampered either by loss of effector function or survival of the antitumor T cells. Therefore, strategies to improve the persistence and sustain the effector function of the antitumor T cells are of immense importance. Given the role of metabolism in determining the therapeutic efficacy of T cells, we hypothesize that inhibition of PIM kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinase that promote cell-cycle transition, cell growth, and regulate mTORC1 activity, can improve the potency of T cells in controlling tumor.

Experimental Design:

The role of PIM kinases in T cells was studied either by genetic ablation (PIM1−/−PIM2−/−PIM3−/−) or its pharmacologic inhibition (pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PimKi). Murine melanoma B16 was established subcutaneously and treated by transferring tumor epitope gp100–reactive T cells along with treatment regimen that involved inhibiting PIM kinases, anti-PD1 or both.

Results:

With inhibition of PIM kinases, T cells had significant reduction in their uptake of glucose, and upregulated expression of memory-associated genes that inversely correlate with glycolysis. In addition, the expression of CD38, which negatively regulates the metabolic fitness of the T cells, was also reduced in PimKi-treated cells. Importantly, the efficacy of antitumor T-cell therapy was markedly improved by inhibiting PIM kinases in tumor-bearing mice receiving ACT, and further enhanced by adding anti-PD1 antibody to this combination.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the potential therapeutic significance of combinatorial strategies where ACT and inhibition of signaling kinase with checkpoint blockade could improve tumor control.
Association of CD4+ Radiation-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis with Fibrosis and Telangiectasia after Radiotherapy in 272 Breast Cancer Patients with >10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Veldwijk Marlon R. , Seibold Petra , Botma Akke , Helmbold Irmgard , Sperk Elena , Giordano Frank A. , Gürth Nicole , Kirchner Anne , Behrens Sabine , Wenz Frederik , Chang-Claude Jenny , Herskind Carsten
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) has been suggested as a predictive assay for adverse late reactions after radiotherapy. Thus, low RILA values of T-lymphocyte subpopulations have been associated with increased risk for various endpoints at 2 to 3 years of follow-up. The purpose was to test if such associations persist for specific endpoints (subcutaneous fibrosis, telangiectasia) in breast cancer patients with at least 10 years of follow-up.

Experimental Design: Two hundred and seventy-two female patients who had received breast-conserving therapy within the German ISE study were included (median follow-up: 11.6 years). Radiotherapy-induced side effects were scored according to the Late Effects in Normal Tissues-Subjective, Objective, Management, and Analytic (LENT-SOMA) classification system. RILA in the CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer (NK) subpopulations from peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. Multivariate predictive modeling was performed including relevant clinical risk factors.

Results:

Low CD4+ RILA was associated with increased risk for both fibrosis (P = 0.011) and telangiectasia (P < 0.001). For fibrosis, the association was stronger outside the surgical area (Fibout; P = 0.004) than within (Fibin; P = 0.17). Predictive multivariate modeling including clinical risk factors yielded OR of 3.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.84–6.58) for any fibrosis and 8.60 (2.71–27.3) for telangiectasia. Addition of CD4+ RILA to the clinical variables improved discrimination (c statistics) from 0.62 to 0.68 for any fibrosis, 0.62 to 0.66 for Fibin, 0.61 to 0.69 for Fibout, and from 0.65 to 0.76 for telangiectasia. CD8+ and NK RILA were not significantly associated with radiotherapy-related late reactions.

Conclusions:

The results provide first evidence that low CD4+ RILA is associated with increased subcutaneous fibrosis and telangiectasia even after 10 years. This supports the potential usefulness for predicting individual clinical risk.
Thyroid Nodule DNA Methylation Signatures: An Important Diagnostic Annotation
Authors: Mitmaker Elliot J. , Tabah Roger , How Jacques
Published: October 2018

Molecular profiling in thyroid cancer has made significant progress in part due to advances in somatic mutation profiling. Yet, differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules remains elusive. A unique set of DNA methylation signatures has the potential of improving thyroid cancer molecular diagnostics based on the DNA methylome.

See related article by Yim et al., p. 544
Management von paraneoplastischem Pruritus
Authors: Rowe Brandon , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: October 2018

Paraneoplastischer Pruritus tritt als systemische Reaktion auf eine zugrunde liegende maligne Erkrankung auf. Paraneoplastischer Pruritus ist am häufigsten mit malignen lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen sowie soliden Tumoren, die zu Cholestase führen, assoziiert. Paraneoplastischer Pruritus kann sich sowohl ohne primären Hautausschlag manifestieren als auch in Verbindung mit dermatologischen Erkrankungen wie Erythrodermie, Acanthosis nigricans, Dermatomyositis (DM), transitorischer akantholytischer Dermatose (Morbus Grover) oder eruptiver seborrhoischer Keratose. Die Behandlung des paraneoplastischen Pruritus beruht primär auf der Behandlung der zugrunde liegenden malignen Erkrankung, die ursächlich für die systemische Reaktion ist. Wenn die maligne Erkrankung nicht auf Behandlung anspricht, können andere Therapien beim paraneoplastischen Pruritus wirksam sein, wie selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer, Mirtazapin, Gabapentin, Thalidomid, Opioide, Aprepitant und Histon-Deacetylase-Inhibitoren. Übersetzung aus Curr Probl Dermatol. Basel, Karger, 2016, vol 50, pp 149-154 (DOI: 10.1159/000446060)
A 12-Month Lifestyle Intervention Program Improves Body Composition and Reduces the Prevalence of Prediabetes in Obese Patients
Authors: König Daniel , Hörmann Jenny , Predel Hans-Georg , Berg Aloys
Published: October 2018

Background: The present study investigated the effects of a 12-month interdisciplinary standardized lifestyle program addressing physical activity and changes in dietary and lifestyle behavior in 2,227 obese prediabetic participants. Methods: Measures of obesity (BMI, waist circumference), cardiopulmonary fitness, and metabolic parameters were determined before and after the intervention period. Results: From the 2,227 participants who were initially prediabetic, 839 participants (-37.7%) did no longer show the criteria of prediabetes after the intervention and had normal HbA1c levels. Conclusion: The clinical effects are substantial, and it is likely that the applied intense and multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions could reduce the risk of developing diabetes and the prevalence of a full-blown metabolic syndrome in obese and prediabetic patients.
Viel Leiden mit der Haut, aber keine Ursache - ein Blick in die neue Leitlinie hilft
Authors: Gieler Uwe
Published: October 2018

Functional somatic syndromes (FSS), like irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia and other symptoms reflecting bodily distress, are common in practically all areas of medicine worldwide. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these symptoms and syndromes vary substantially across and within medical specialties from biomedicine to psychiatry. Patients may become frustrated with the lack of effective treatment, doctors may experience these disorders as difficult to treat, and this type of health problem forms an important component of the global burden of disease. This review intends to develop a unifying perspective on the understanding and management of FSS and bodily distress. Firstly, we present the clinical problem and review current concepts for classification. Secondly, we propose an integrated etiological model which encompasses a wide range of biopsychosocial vulnerability and triggering factors and considers consecutive aggravating and maintaining factors. Thirdly, we systematically scrutinize the current evidence base in terms of an umbrella review of systematic reviews from 2007 to 2017 and give recommendations for treatment for all levels of care, concentrating on developments over the last 10 years. We conclude that activating, patient-involving, and centrally acting therapies appear to be more effective than passive ones that primarily act on peripheral physiology, and we recommend stepped care approaches that translate a truly biopsychosocial approach into actual management of the patient.
Prediction of Time to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Expression for Men with Metastatic Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhide , Ohtaka Mari , Kawahara Takashi , Ohtake Shinji , Yasui Masato , Uemura Koichi , Yoneyama Shuko , Yokomizo Yumiko , Uemura Hiroji , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Yao Masahiro
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) expression affects carcinogenesis in various cancers and has been associated with determining the overall survival among men with metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC). In this study, we analyzed the value of LMWPTP for prediction of time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for men with mHNPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 45 men with mHNPC who were diagnosed from 2003 to 2009. All patients had received androgen deprivation therapy as first-line treatment. Prostate cancer tissues (pre-treatment needle biopsies) were immunohistochemically stained for LMW-PTP. Multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazard model) were used to correlate baseline clinical factors of age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason scores, T stage, N stage, extent of disease on bone scan (EOD), LMW-PTP expression and time to CRPC. Continuous variables were classified as dichotomous. Results: Median age and PSA were 70.0 years and 87.8 ng/mL respectively. Median time to CRPC was 40.2 months. Median time to CRPC was significantly shorter in the high LMW-PTP group (14.8 months) than that in the low LMW-PTP group (86.3 months, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, age ≥70 years and high LMW-PTP expression were significant predictors of time to CRPC.
Clinico-Biochemical Profile of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Radhakrishna Veerabhadra , Kumaravel Sambandan , Priyamvada P.S. , Hanumanthappa Nandeesha , Jindal Bibekanand , Govindarajan Krishnakumar , Naredi Bikash Kumar , Rijhwani Ashok
Published: October 2018

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT. Objectives: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary center for 18 months from March 2014 to August 2015. Demographic data were recorded, and clinical examination including blood pressure measurement was performed. Various biochemical parameters including plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and microalbuminuria were evaluated. Results: A total of 81 patients with CAKUT were studied. Twenty-two (27%) patients were underweight, 4 (5%) patients were stunted, and 26 (32%) were both underweight and stunted. Children with bilateral disease had a higher incidence of underweight (21/44 vs. 8/37; p = 0.04; 95% CI; Fisher exact test), and both underweight and stunted (25/44 vs. 10/37; p = 0.006; 95% CI; Fisher exact test) compared to children with unilateral disease. Hypertension was found in 27% cases. No association was found between hypertension and PRA, BM2, or microalbuminuria in our study. PRA was inversely proportional to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Pearson test; 95% CI; p = 0.006). Conclusions: Bilateral disease in CAKUT was significantly associated with poor somatic growth. PRA was inversely proportional to eGFR. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in children with CAKUT than in normal children and is possibly multifactorial as it was not associated with elevated PRA, B2M, or microalbuminuria.
The Relationship between Mismatch Negativity and the COMTVal108/158Met Genotype in Schizophrenia
Authors: Horikoshi Sho , Shiga Tetsuya , Hoshino Hiroshi , Ochiai Haruka , Kanno-Nozaki Keiko , Kanno Kazuko , Kaneko Haruka , Kunii Yasuto , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki
Published: October 2018

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of auditory event-related potentials that reflects automatic change detection in the brain, showing qualities of endophenotypes in schizophrenia. MMN deficiency is one of the robust findings in patients, and it reflects both cognitive and functional decline. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme involved in regulating dopamine transmission within the prefrontal cortex. A preliminary study suggested that the COMTVal108/158Met genotype (rs4680) is related to cognitive function in schizophrenia. Both the COMTVal108/158Met genotype and MMN are related to cognitive function, but no studies have reported on the relationship between MMN and the COMTVal108/158Met genotype in schizophrenia. This study therefore examined the relationship between COMTVal108/158Met genotype and MMN. The duration of MMN was measured, and the COMTVal108/158Met polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 49 Japanese schizophrenia patients (Val/Val, n = 21; Met carriers, n = 28). Amplitude and latency of MMN were compared between Val/Val and Met carriers.
Gab2 Ablation Reverses the Stemness of HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Yiying , Gong Miaomiao , Zhuang Zhumei , Wang Yueyue , Mu Lin , Wang Tianjiao , Pan Jinjin , Liu Yanan , Xu Jianming , Liang Rui , Yuan Yuhui 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: HER2 has been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis as well as aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. Its overexpression is related to a poor prognosis and chemoresistance in breast cancer patients. Although Grb2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2) is important in the development and progression of human cancer, its effects and mechanisms in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer are unclear. Methods: Clone formation and MTT assays were used to examine cell proliferation. To detect the effect of Gab2 on the stemness of breast cancer cells, we used flow cytometry, a sphere formation assay, real-time PCR, and western blot. An animal model was created to validate the effect of Gab2 on tumor growth in vivo. Tissue slides were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Knockdown of Gab2 suppressed PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathway activity. Gab2 ablation also reduced the stemness of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. In vivo, knockdown of Gab2 inhibited tumor growth. Conclusion: This study unveils a potential function of Gab2 in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Gab2 might be a potential target in the clinical therapy of HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma.
30 years of research on insect galls in Brazil: a scientometric review
Authors: Araújo Walter Santos de
Published: October 2018

The first systematic studies on insect galls in Brazil date to the early 20th century, after which research on insect galls remained dormant in the country, with interest not reviving until the 1980s. The aim of this study was is to document historical trends in publications about insect galls in Brazil over the last 30 years. Papers about insect galls and galling species in Brazil published in peer-reviewed journals from 1988 to 2017 were compiled. A total of 1,378 papers were analyzed, of which 182 addressed insect galls in Brazil. The results showed that the number of publications on the subject has been increasing over the last 30 years, and especially in the last decade. The diversity of journals that published on the subject has also been increasing. The studies were concentrated on the following topics: ecology (94 papers), inventory (29) and taxonomy (27). Most of the insect gall inventories in Brazil took place in the Southeast Region (29 papers), followed by the Central-West and Northeast regions, with eight papers each. This study documents a trend toward increasing scientific production on insect galls in Brazil, but with significant geographical bias: the researchers involved are concentrated in the Southeast Brazilian region.
Fecundity, embryo size and embryo loss in the estuarine shrimp Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Crustacea: Alpheidae) from a tidal mudflat in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Mário Vitor , Costa-Souza Ana Carla , Mariano Rodolfo , Almeida Alexandre Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Studies on fecundity and embryo size have been frequently used to infer about the reproductive potential, embryogenesis, and the energy investment in embryo production in crustaceans. These parameters are relevant to the knowledge of life-history and diversity of reproductive strategies developed by this group. This study addressed the embryo production by the estuarine shrimp Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007, a poorly known caridean shrimp. We investigated whether there was (1) a correlation between fecundity and carapace length, (2) an increase in embryo volume along the embryonic development, and (3) loss of embryos along development. In addition, we investigated whether the esternite length and height and width of the pleura of the second abdominal somite were good predictors of fecundity. A total of 53 embryo-carrying individuals were collected in December 2016 and February 2017 in a tidal mudflat from the estuary of the Paripe River, Ilha de Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil. The carapace length ranged from 3.23 to 4.64 mm (3.78 ± 0.26 mm). Among those, 25 individuals had embryos in initial stage, 5 in intermediate stage and 15 in final stage. Fecundity ranged from 14 to 67 (33.65 ± 12.51 embryos) and was weakly correlated with carapace length. However, fecundity was strongly correlated with the width of the second sternite and width of the pleura of the second abdominal somite. Embryo volume increased markedly (93%) from the initial to the final stage of development. This increase might be due to water uptake to facilitate the membrane rupture at the onset of larvae hatching. There was significant loss of embryos only between the initial and intermediate stage. Future studies on the embryo production by other species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are necessary to understand and compare these aspects of reproductive biology.
Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Pierpont Mary Ella , Brueckner Martina , Chung Wendy K. , Garg Vidu , Lacro Ronald V. , McGuire Amy L. , Mital Seema , Priest James R. , Pu William T. , Roberts Amy , Ware Stephanie M. , Gelb Bruce D. , Russell Mark W. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine
Published: October 2018

This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care–related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
Abstract 201: Neuroprotective Effect of Hypothermic Total Liquid Ventilation in Newborn Piglets Subjected to Neonatal Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Boissady Emilie , Kohlhauer Matthias , Lidouren Fanny , Rambaud Jérôme , Berdeaux Alain , Mongardon Nicolas , Micheau Philippe , Ghaleh Bijan , Tissier Renaud
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Hypothermic total liquid ventilation (TLV) has been shown to be highly protective in adult models of cardiac arrest.

Hypothesis:
TLV could also provide benefits through ultrafast cooling during neonatal cardiac arrest and subsequent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in piglets.

Methods:
Newborn piglets were anesthetized and submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO
2
=10%) followed by 7 min of asphyxia. After resucitation, animals underwent either normothermic follow-up (38°C; Control, n=6) or ultra-fast cooling by TLV (TLV, n=6). TLV was implemented during 30 min for cooling induction and hypothermia was further maintained during 3 h using external techniques before rewarming. A third group of piglets was submitted to a Sham procedure (n=4) with neither hypoxia nor ischemia. All groups underwent mechanical ventilation during 6-8 h before awakening. Survival and neurological dysfunction were assessed during 7 days. Animals were then euthanized and histological brain damages were assessed (fluorojade-C staining).

Results:
After hypoxia-ischemia, Control and TLV animals presented marked metabolic acidosis and lactate levels elevation as compared to Sham (e.g., pH=6.91±0.05, 6.93±0.02 vs 7.33±0.05 at t=30 min after ischemia in Control, TLV and Sham, respectively; p<0.05). Despite a trend toward reduced mortality, survival was not significantly different between TLV and Control groups at the end of the survival follow-up (survival = 0/6, 3/6 and 3/4 in Control, TLV and Sham groups). Nevertheless, neurological dysfunction was significantly reduced in TLV as compared to Control (median scores = 23% vs 87 at day 2, respectively; Sham value = 0%). Blood levels of the brain injury biomarker protein S100B were also reduced at the time of euthanasia in TLV vs Control. Fluoro-jade C staining showed a significantly lower number of degenerating neurons in TLV vs Control (e.g., medians = 17 vs 39 degenerating neurons per field in caudate nucleus, respectively; Sham value = 1).

Conclusion:
Hypothermic TLV improves neurological recovery in a swine model of neonatal cardiac arrest and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy when started early after resuscitation.
TOPLUMSAL KONTROL MEKANİZMASI OLARAK EMEĞİN DENETİMİ: TAYLORİZMDEN İDEOLOJİK DENETİME
Authors: BAYRAKCI Onur , ÇAĞLAYAN Savaş
Published: October 2018

Emek denetimi
kapitalist üretim biçiminin vazgeçilmez en önemli unsurudur. Artı değerin yani
kârın elde edilmesi ve bunun korunması için denetim mutlak şekilde
sağlanmalıdır. Sermaye tarih boyunca emeği kontrol etmek için farklı metotlar
denemiştir. Bu metotların oluşumunu sağlayan en önemli unsur ise sermayenin
emeğe ve özellikle de organize olmuş emeğe olan mutlak bağımlılığından kurtulma
isteğidir. Sermaye ilk dönemlerde bedensel olarak emekgücünü denetimi almak
isterken günümüzde hem beden hem de zihni denetime almak istemektedir. Bedenin
denetime alınması uygulama da Taylorizm ve Fordizm ile karşılık bulurken zihnin
ve bedenin denetimi ise ideolojik denetimde karşılık bulmuştur.
Effects of cover crops on soil biota, soil fertility and weeds, and Pratylenchus suppression in experimental conditions
Authors: Morales Salmerón Laura , Martín-Lammerding Diana , Tenorio Pasamón José Luis , Sánchez-Moreno Sara
Published: October 2018

Cover crops are used in Mediterranean agrosystems to reduce soil degradation and restore soil function. We carried out an experiment to test the effects of two cover crops (Brachypodium distachyonandTrifolium subterraneum, mulched or incorporated) and two bare soil controls (fertilised and unfertilised) on soil properties, biodiversity, and soil natural suppressiveness againstPratylenchus neglectusin pot microcosms. Cover crop performance, weed infestation, litter decomposition rates, soil properties, and the response of soil biota (nematode indicators, mesofauna feeding activity, enzymatic activity, and mycorrhizal spores) were measured. A short-term suppressiveness experiment was performed to determineP. neglectuscolonisation of wheat roots after each treatment.Trifolium subterraneumincorporation significantly enhanced the fungal-mediated decomposition channel and decomposition rates, but enzymatic activities and mycorrhizal spore abundances did not respond to the experimental treatments. Cover crops were effective at controlling weeds, but did not increase soil suppressiveness againstP. neglectus. Brachypodium distachyoncover cropping increased root infection.
My favourite nematode – Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Authors: Rae Robbie
Published: October 2018

The terrestrial gastropod parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is the only nematode that evolved to infect and kill slugs and snails. Because of this ability it has been formulated into a biological control agent for gardeners. In this Forum article, the author outlines several reasons why P. hemaphrodita is a nematode that is worth studying, including its ability to control the behaviour and kill slug hosts. The author discusses how P. hemaphrodita is being developed as a model nematode to be used to study the genetic evolution of parasitism, as well as potential research ideas for the future.
A new species of Genkalia (Bacillariophyta) from mountain lakes within the Sichuan Province of China
Authors: LUO F. , YOU Q-M. , WANG Q-X.
Published: October 2018

A new diatom species, Genkalia alpina sp. nov., was identified in high elevation lakes in the Mugecuo Scenic Area within the Sichuan Province of China. The area is located in the northern foot of the Hengduan Mountains between the western edge of the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate, at an altitude of 2600–3800m, with lake water originating mostly from the melting mountain snow. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that G. alpina valves are linear with two undulated margins and apices that are subcapitate in larger specimens, but slightly shorter in smaller specimens. The central area is elliptical, and the external proximal raphe ends are straight, or slightly deflected towards the primary valve side. Terminal raphe fissures are strongly bent towards the secondary side and they extend to mantle. Uniseriate striae continue uninterrupted from the valve face to the mantle. The present study is the first report of Genkalia species in China, and expands the geographical distribution of the genus, as well as the known diatom diversity of China.
Scolopsis meridiana, a new species of monocle bream (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) from northern Australia
Authors: NAKAMURA JUMPEI , RUSSELL BARRY C. , MOORE GLENN I. , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: October 2018

Scolopsis meridiana n. sp., described from 30 specimens collected from northern Australia, is closely related to S. taenioptera, both species having a dorsal scaled area on the head extending anteriorly to between the anterior margin of the eye and anterior nostril, the upper part of the pectoral-fin base with a reddish blotch when fresh, and lacking a small antrorse spine below the eye. However, the new species is distinguished from the latter by having two bands across the snout dorsum (vs. one band in S. taenioptera), 18–20 diagonal lines on the lateral body surface below the lateral line (diagonal lines absent), the posterior nostril horizontally elongated (vertically elongated), a deep caudal-peduncle and short pre-dorsal-fin length. Scolopsis meridiana is distributed in northern Australia, whereas S. taenioptera occurs in Southeast Asia. Two geographic populations of S. taenioptera (Philippines and remaining Southeast Asian region) are recognized following morphological and genetic analyses.
New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil
Authors: DESIDÉRIO GLEISON ROBSON , BARCELOS-SILVA PATRIK , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: October 2018

Campos Amazônicos National Park is a federal conservation unit that contains part of the largest Cerrado refuge in the southern part of Brazilian Amazonia. Recently, during a survey of aquatic insects in the park, specimens of the caddisfly genus Chimarra were collected. The primary objective of this paper, as a result of this effort, is to describe and illustrate the male adult of a new species in Chimarra (Chimarrita), Chimarra singularis sp. nov., and the immature stages of Chimarra usitatissima Flint 1971. Additionally, the distributions of C.(Chimarrita) akantha Blahnik 1997 and C. (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998 are extended to the southern part of Amazonas state, and C. (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997 is recorded for the first time in northern Brazil.
Sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Serra da Mocidade Nacional Park: report of vectors and putative vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and new records for the state of Roraima, Brazil
Authors: RAMOS WALKYRIA RODRIGUES , DE OLIVEIRA ARLEY FARIA JOSÉ , DE FREITAS RUI ALVES , ALVES VERACILDA RIBEIRO , CORDEIRO DANILO PACHECO
Published: October 2018

Phlebotomine sand flies are insects of medical importance, as they are vectors of viruses, bacteria and trypanosomatids of the genus Leishmania Ross, the causative agent of leishmaniasis (Forattini 1973). During the past 20 years approximately 500,000 cases of leishmaniasis have been reported in Brazil. Most of these cases were reported in the North and Northeast regions. In the State of Roraima, almost 2,000 cases, including both cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), have been reported during the past three years (SINAN 2017). Usually the transmission by infected female sand flies occurs in wild or rural areas, but there have also been recorded cases and vector captures in urban environments. Some sand fly species are known to enter houses in search of resting places and blood meal sources; as a result of this behavior, they are remarkably adaptable to new environments (Carvalhoet al. 2010).
The Response of Hadley Circulation Extent to an Idealized Representation of Poleward Ocean Heat Transport in an Aquaplanet GCM
Authors: Hilgenbrink Casey C. , Hartmann Dennis L.
Published: October 2018

Deeper theoretical understanding of Hadley circulation (HC) width and the mechanisms leading to HC expansion is gained by exploring the response of a zonally symmetric slab ocean aquaplanet general circulation model (GCM) to imposed poleward ocean heat transport (OHT). Poleward OHT causes the subtropical edge of the HC to shift poleward by up to 3° compared to its position in simulations without OHT. This HC widening is interpreted as being driven by a decrease in baroclinicity near the poleward edge of the HC and is divided into three components: a decrease in baroclinicity due to 1) a systematic poleward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during the seasonal cycle that drives a decrease in the angular momentum of the HC and, consequently, a weakening of the vertical shear of the zonal wind; 2) an increase in subtropical static stability and the vertical extent of the HC, both of which result from OHT’s effect on global-mean temperature; and 3) a relaxation of the meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the outer tropics and subtropics by OHT. Although the third mechanism contributes the most to the response of HC width to OHT, the contributions from the first two mechanisms each account for up to 20%–30% of the HC response. This work highlights the role of ITCZ position in producing HC expansion and in setting the climatological width of the HC, a role which has been underappreciated. This study indicates a fundamental role for baroclinicity in limiting the poleward extent of the HC.
Deep Intraseasonal Variability in the Central Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Tuchen Franz Philip , Brandt Peter , Claus Martin , Hummels Rebecca
Published: October 2018

Besides the zonal flow that dominates the seasonal and long-term variability in the equatorial Atlantic, energetic intraseasonal meridional velocity fluctuations are observed in large parts of the water column. We use 15 years of partly full-depth velocity data from an equatorial mooring at 23°W to investigate intraseasonal variability and specifically the downward propagation of intraseasonal energy from the near-surface into the deep ocean. Between 20 and 50 m, intraseasonal variability at 23°W peaks at periods between 30 and 40 days. It is associated with westward-propagating tropical instability waves, which undergo an annual intensification in August. At deeper levels down to about 2000 m considerable intraseasonal energy is still observed. A frequency–vertical mode decomposition reveals that meridional velocity fluctuations are more energetic than the zonal ones for periods < 50 days. The energy peak at 30–40 days and at vertical modes 2–5 excludes equatorial Rossby waves and suggests Yanai waves to be associated with the observed intraseasonal energy. Yanai waves that are considered to be generated by tropical instability waves propagate their energy from the near-surface west of 23°W downward and eastward to eventually reach the mooring location. The distribution of intraseasonal energy at the mooring position depends largely on the dominant frequency and the time, depth, and longitude of excitation, while the dominant vertical mode of the Yanai waves plays only a minor role. Observations also show the presence of weaker intraseasonal variability at 23°W below 2000 m that cannot be associated with tropical instability waves.
An Integrated Method for Determining the Oceanic Bottom Mixed Layer Thickness Based on WOCE Potential Temperature Profiles
Authors: Huang Peng-Qi , Cen Xian-Rong , Lu Yuan-Zheng , Guo Shuang-Xi , Zhou Sheng-Qi
Published: October 2018

In this study we examined the applicability of the threshold, curvature, maximum angle, and relative variance methods for identifying the oceanic bottom mixed layer (BML) thickness . Using full-depth temperature profiles along 17 WOCE sections covering the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, we found that the BML thicknesses determined based on the threshold, curvature, and maximum angle methods had wider 95% confidence intervals and much lower quality indexes compared with those based on the visual inspection (). The relative variance method appeared to perform better than the other methods because the 95% confidence interval and (0.60) values were closer to those determined based on the visual inspection, although differences were still present. We then proposed an integrated method by optimizing the possible values obtained from the four methods. The BML thicknesses determined using the integrated method were closest to those based on the visual inspection according to the higher (0.64) and more stations (71%) with . Compared with the results in previous studies, the integrated method determined the consistent BML thicknesses in most regions (e.g., the northern Atlantic), and it also effectively identified the BML thicknesses in some regions where the BML was considered to be not readily detectable (e.g., the Madeira Abyssal Plain).
Is Semantic Vigilance Impaired by Narrative Memory Demands? Theory and Applications
Authors: Epling Samantha L. , Edgar Graham K. , Russell Paul N. , Helton William S.
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Two verbal tasks were utilized in a dual-task paradigm to explore performance theories and prior dual-tasking results.

Background:

Both the decline in vigilance performance over time, or vigilance decrement, and limited dual-tasking ability may be explained by limited mental resources. Resource theorists would recommend removing task demands to avoid cognitive overload, while mindlessness theorists may recommend adding engaging task demands to prevent boredom. Prior research demonstrated interference between a verbal free recall and semantic vigilance task, but exploring tasks with greater ecological validity is necessary.

Method:

A narrative memory task and semantic vigilance task were performed individually and simultaneously. Relative performance impairments were compared to a previous dual-task pairing.

Results:

The semantic vigilance task caused performance degradation to the narrative memory task and vice versa. A vigilance decrement was not observed, and the interference was to a lesser extent than when the semantic vigilance task was paired with a free recall task.

Conclusion:

Resource theory was supported, though passive learning effects during a semantic vigilance task with novel stimuli may prevent a vigilance decrement. The interference was less than that of a previous similar dual-task pairing, but even tasks as routine as listening to a conversation or story can impair other task performance.

Application:

A better understanding of resource theory and dual-task performance outcomes can help inform feasible task loads and improve efficiency and safety of operators in high-risk and other professions.
Grandparents’ Parenting on Children’s Internalizing Symptoms: The Serial Mediation of Parents’ Psychological Control and Children’s Emotion Regulation
Authors: Li Jia , Ahemaitijiang Nigela , Han Zhuo Rachel , Jin Zhuyun
Published: October 2018

The current study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of parenting and internalizing problems in children. Serial mediation models were used to assess parental psychological control and child emotion regulation as mediators in linking grandparents’ parenting (care or overprotection) and children’s internalizing problems. The sample consisted of 150 Chinese children ( Mage = 8.54, SD = 1.67) and their parents. The parents reported the grandparents’ parenting and children’s internalizing problems, and the children reported on their emotion regulation. Both the children’s ratings and behavioral observations were used to assess the parents’ psychological control. The results showed that grandmothers’ parenting was significantly associated with children’s internalizing problems, and this relationship was mediated by perceived (but not observed) parental psychological control and children’s emotion regulation. These results highlighted the differential role of children’s perceptions of parental control and the observed parental psychological control on internalizing symptoms in children.
Postoperative Pain Control and Opioid Usage Patterns among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Tharakan Theresa , Jiang Sydney , Fastenberg Judd , Ow Thomas J. , Schiff Bradley , Smith Richard V. , Mehta Vikas
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To examine opioid‐prescribing patterns after endocrine surgery. To evaluate factors associated with postoperative pain and opioid use.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Academic university health system.

Subjects and Methods

The study sample included 209 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy, or parathyroidectomy by 4 surgeons between August 2015 and November 2017. Eighty‐nine patients completed a phone survey about postoperative pain and opioid use. Prescription, demographic, and comorbidity data were collected retrospectively. Patient characteristics associated with opioid use, use of ≥10 opioid pills, and pain score were identified via chi‐square, t test, analysis of variance, or Pearson correlation. Identified factors were further assessed with multivariable logistic and linear regression modeling.

Results

The median numbers of opioid pills prescribed were 20 for total thyroidectomy, 25 for hemithyroidectomy, and 20 for parathyroidectomy, and the median numbers of pills used were 1.5, 2, and 0, respectively. Of 1947 total prescribed pills, 19.7% were reported to be taken. The number of pills meeting the opioid needs of 80% of these patients was 10. In multivariable analyses, older age was associated with lower odds of opioid use (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94‐0.999; P =. 04) and lower pain scores (Pearson correlation coefficient, –0.05; 95% CI, –0.10 to 0.001, P =. 04). Charlson Comorbidity Index score >5 was associated with use of ≥10 pills (odds ratio, 6.62; 95% CI, 1.60‐27.50; P =. 01).

Conclusion

Excess opioids are often prescribed for endocrine surgery. By using an ideal pill number and understanding predictors of postoperative pain, surgeons can more adequately treat pain and limit excess opioid prescriptions.
Utility of Intraoperative Frozen Section in Large Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. , Zitsch Robert P. , Dooley Laura M.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To determine if the routine use of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) results in cost savings among patients with nodules >4 cm with nonmalignant cytology undergoing a thyroid lobectomy.

Study Design

Case series with chart review; cost minimization analysis.

Setting

Single academic center.

Subjects and Methods

Records were reviewed on a consecutive sample of 48 patients with thyroid nodules >4 cm and nonmalignant cytology who were undergoing thyroid lobectomy in which iFS was performed between 2010 and 2015. A decision tree model of thyroid lobectomy with iFS was created. Comparative parameters were obtained from the literature. A cost minimization analysis was performed comparing lobectomy with and without iFS and the need for completion thyroidectomy with costs estimated according to 2014 data from Medicare, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Results

The overall malignancy rate was 25%, and 33% of these malignancies were identified intraoperatively. When the malignancy rates obtained from our cohort were applied, performing routine iFS was the less costly scenario, resulting in a savings of $486 per case. When the rate of malignancy identified on iFS was adjusted, obtaining iFS remained the less costly scenario as long as the rate of malignancies identified on iFS exceeded 12%. If patients with follicular lesions on cytology were excluded, 50% of malignancies were identified intraoperatively, resulting in a savings of $768 per case.

Conclusions

For patients with nodules >4 cm who are undergoing a diagnostic lobectomy, the routine use of iFS may result in decreased health care utilization. Additional cost savings could be obtained if iFS is avoided among patients with follicular lesions.