bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guiding effect of runaway electrons in atmospheric pressure nanosecond pulsed discharge: mode transition from diffuse discharge to streamer
Authors: Huang Bangdou , Zhang Cheng , Ren Chenhua , Shao Tao
Published: October 2022

In this study, the role of runaway electrons (RAEs) during the pulsed breakdown in the atmosphere is investigated. Nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) is driven by high-voltage pulses between blade-to-plate electrodes (with the blade as the cathode). RAEs with an energy higher than 10 keV are selected by a titanium foil with a thickness of 1 μm and detected by a beam collector with a front of about 50 ps. The temporal-spatial evolution of the electric field over the NPD period is measured using electric field induced second harmonic method adopting a picosecond pulsed laser. It is verified that the current amplitude of RAEs decreases drastically with the voltage amplitude V
p and the peak electric field at the front of the ionization wave formed during the breakdown of NPD plays a key role in maintaining the runaway state of electrons. With single-shot discharge imaging, it is observed that the discharge is initially in a diffuse mode near the cathode, while it branches and transits into streamers, which can be either synchronously propagating multi streamers (with a high V
p) or certain dominant streamers (with a low V
p). Using particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo collision simulation, a similar mode transition of diffuse to streamer is observed with RAEs emitted from the cathode and it is illustrated that the flux of RAEs controls the pre-ionization degree and further dictates branching and non-uniformity of discharge, which qualitatively explains the experimental observation. It is proposed that an enhanced RAEs emission would produce a large volume diffuse discharge at atmospheric pressure.
A Possible 250 s X-Ray Quasi-periodicity in the Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2018cow
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Shu Xinwen , Chen Jin-Hong , Sun Luming , Shen Rong-Feng , Tao Lian , Chen Chun , Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Qin Ying , Zhang Xue-Guang , Zhang Liang , Qu Jinlu , Wang Tinggui
Published: October 2022

The fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) are a new population of extragalactic transients of unclear physical origin. A variety of mechanisms has been proposed including failed supernova explosion, shock interaction with a dense medium, young magnetar, accretion onto a compact object and stellar tidal disruption event, but none is conclusive. Here we report the discovery of a possible X-ray quasi-periodicity signal with a period of ∼250 s (at a significance level of 99.76%) in the brightest FBOT AT2018cow through the analysis of XMM-Newton/PN data. The signal is independently detected at the same frequency in the average power density spectrum from data taken from the Swift telescope, with observations covering from 6 to 37 days after the optical discovery, though the significance level is lower (94.26%). This suggests that the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency may be stable over at least 1.1 × 104 cycles. Assuming the ∼250 s QPO to be a scaled-down analog of that typically seen in stellar mass black holes, a black hole mass of ∼103–105 solar masses could be inferred. The overall X-ray luminosity evolution could be modeled with a stellar tidal disruption by a black hole of ∼104 solar masses, providing a viable mechanism to produce AT2018cow. Our findings suggest that other bright FBOTs may also harbor intermediate-mass black holes.
Survival in two-species reaction-diffusion system with Lévy flights: renormalization group treatment and numerical simulations
Authors: Shapoval Dmytro , Blavatska Viktoria , Dudka Maxym
Published: October 2022

We analyze the two-species reaction-diffusion system including trapping reaction

A
+
B
→
A

as well as coagulation/annihilation reactions

A
+
A
→
(
A
,
0
)

where particles of both species are performing Lévy flights with control parameter

0
<
σ
<
2

, known to lead to superdiffusive behavior. The density as well as the correlation function for target particles B in such systems are known to scale with nontrivial universal exponents at space dimension

d
⩽

d
c

. Applying the renormalization group formalism we calculate these exponents in a case of superdiffusion below the critical dimension

d
c

=
σ

. The numerical simulations in one-dimensional case are performed as well. The quantitative estimates for the decay exponent of the density of survived particles B are in a good agreement with our analytical results. In particular, it is found that the surviving probability of the target particles in superdiffusive regime is higher than that in a system with ordinary diffusion.
Assessment role local community perception and participation in reducing risk of lahar flood
Authors: Irawan Listyo Yudha
Published: October 2022

Type Lahar is a hazard post volcanic eruption. After 2014 Kelud Volcano eruption lahar flood a serious threat to the Pandansari village, Ngantang Sub District, Malang Regency. Lahar floods have resulted impact to losses in the form of damage and loss of property in the community as well as public facilities. The aim of research to assess perception and public participation in risk reduction lahar flood. Research conducted with quantitative and qualitative methods are equipped with P-GIS. Quantitative method to determine the population’s response to the lahar flood. Qualitative methods to obtain in-depth information on the key informant. P-GIS is done to validate the spatial distribution of lahar flood has affected on the locations, types of damage and loss experienced by the population. Results of cross tabulation of statistical tests show that public perception is influenced by gender, education level, and occupation. The variable level of education and type of work also affect the level of community participation. Community participation is realized in the form of creating alternative pathways evacuation.
Mapping Susceptibility of Forest in Taman Raya Raden Soerjo Using Machine Learning Random Forest
Authors: Alfarizi Imam Abdul Gani , Wiwoho Bagus Setiabudi , Sucahyo Hetty Rahmawati , Astuti Ike Sari
Published: October 2022

The increasing incidence of forest fires in Raden Soerjo’s Grand Park over the last 5 years has become a concern for conducting research on fire predictions. The availability of free remote sensing data makes it easier to analyze forest fires using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). and remote sensing. Varying publicly available spatial datasets were used to classify forest fires affected areas with an approach of Machine Learning (ML) using Random Forest (RF). Nine (9) variables suspected as potential cause of forest fires (NDVI. ET. LST. Aspect. Slope. Altitude. Distance to Road (ED_Road). Distance to Built-up area (ED_BUA). and Distance to river (ED_River) were used as determinants. About 80% of the data were used as Trained data and 20% as a validation. The results of the model produced an accuracy of 0.96. The model result was checked for its sensitivity with the Area Under the Curve (AUC) AUC results with a value of 0.89. Findings show that Random Forest could be applied to map forest fire severity classes with a good result.
Cave map: condition, potential, and danger information of cave passages in Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sahrina Alfi , Fitrianti Dwi , Sukoco Galih Fajar , Hidayat Khoirul , Ma’asika Naqia Min , Labib Mohammad Ainul
Published: October 2022

The cave maps provide information of the cave passage condition. Cave maps are generally used in various studies, such as archaeology, geomorphology, hydrology, and others. In this study, the map used is the basic cave map which is generally used in field surveys. The method used in this research is a map literature study which is then followed by a field survey to observe the real conditions. After doing the observation, the next step is interpreting the cave map, digitizing on screen, and doing descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that there is a variety of information presented in the cave map, including the condition of the cave related to the cave passage segment, the overall pattern of the cave passage, and quantitative aspects in the form of passage length, passage depth, cave passage area, and the cave area itself. Potentials that can be seen with the cave map are subterranean rivers and the presence of cave ornaments. And by looking up the map, the information about the dangers in cave exploration related to the dangers of collapse, flooding, landslides/erosion, and low oxygen will be found out.
Changes in the vegetation density of Purwodadi Botanic Garden year 2015 - 2020 with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Authors: Pratiwi Vani Gita , Ibrahim Ananda Ravelio Nur , Pratikno Bryant Putratama , Miliyati Dewi Fitria , Alfiah Nadiya Ismi , Wagistina Satty , Komang Astina I
Published: October 2022

Purwodadi Botanical Gardens is one of the botanical gardens in Indonesia that used for conserve dry tropical plants and absorbs CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is important to know the changes that have occurred in the vegetation density in the Purwodadi Botanical Gardens in the last multi-temporal year (2015 – 2020). Qualitative descriptive research method is used in conducting this research. Field observations were carried out using the quadratic transect method in order to validate the data from Landsat-8 image processing and identifying the absolute density and relative density in the field. Secondary data is also used to determine changes in vegetation density using remote sensing techniques with radiometric correction processes to improve image quality due to surface reflection errors and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which is used as the final analysis to obtain the results of vegetation density. The results of vegetation density increased from 2015 - 2020 due to the number of trees that grew and developed well, coupled with the regular planting of trees and other plants every year. This certainly has an impact on the air produced being cleaner and lower in temperature so that it can provide convenience for Purwodadi Botanical Garden tourists.
Horizontal And Vertical Measurement of UAV Aerial Photo Exposures Results In The Senowo River Area, Krinjing Village, of The Merapi Volcano, Magelang District of Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Hartono Rudi
Published: October 2022

This study aims to examine the acquisition of small format aerial photography with UAVs and to display orthophoto data for elevation data extraction. The research area was conducted in a part of the Senowo River north of Merapi volcano in Central Java. The Photogrammetric methods using UAV planes need to be done for horizontal and vertical accuracy studies. This accuracy study was carried out by referring to the height of the flying plane and the geometry accuracy of the Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RB I= Standardized Topographic Map of Indonesia) map. The results of this study are accuracy testing based on the comparison of the coordinates of the test points with the results of aerial photo processing obtained by horizontal RMSE of 0.034 meter and vertical RMSE of 0.598 meter with an accuracy of 98%. RMSE value is used to determine the value of Circural Error 90 (CE90) and Linear Error (LE90). The value obtained by CE90 is 0.25 meter and the LE90 value is 0.99 meter. The accuracy of the orthophoto map that can be made is a scale of 1: 2,500 in class 1st for horizontal accuracy and a scale of 1: 5,000 in class 1st for vertical accuracy. Therefore, in the selection of optimal scale orthophoto maps, the recommended scale is 1: 5,000.

* PT. Wijaya Karya Jakarta Indonesia

**Assc. Prof. of the Geography Department of Social Science Faculty UM
Distribution of Water Pollution SubBengawan Solo Upstream Watershed on Central Java in 2020
Authors: Putri Nanda Regita Cahyaning , Deffinika Ifan , Arinta Dicky
Published: October 2022

The Bengawan Solo watershed is included in the 15 priority watersheds that must be restored because it is one of the 108 critical watersheds in Indonesia. It is indicated that the Bengawan Solo Hulu sub-watershed is experiencing pollution and water quality degradation due to the population growth rate and various community activities around the watershed area. This research was conducted to study pollution and water quality using a spatial approach in the Upper Solo Bengawan sub-watershed in the Central Java region. The research was conducted using the Pollution Index method and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) modeling using BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, DO and Phosphate parameters. The results of the Pollution Index carried out show that 5 sample points are included in the category of light pollution quality and 8 sample points are moderately polluted. The lowest pollution index value is 2. 87 at point 3 of the Upper Samin River area, Karanganyar Regency. The highest pollution index value is 7.5 at point 9 in the Lower Premulung River area, Surakarta City. The results of GWR on the dependent variable BOD show that the DO variable has the most significant effect. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables.
Dynamics and Sustainability of Environmental Conservation at Adiwiyata School in Malang
Authors: Syaifulloh M , Kodir A , Zubaidah S , Sumarmi
Published: October 2022

Environmental damages in Indonesia, in the past few decades, have been increasing as well as worrying. One of the responses emerged in dealing with these problems is to intensify environmental education. Internalization of environmental education within school curricula, in Indonesia, is executed through the Adiwiyata program. This study aims to describe the achievements, obstacles, and sustainability of Adiwiyata school’s contributions to environmental conservation in Malang City. This research is a descriptive research. The research location is at SMAN 2 Malang City which has the status as an independent Adiwiyata school since 2017. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation and literature study methods. The results of the study indicate that environmental conservation is carried out not only in the internal context of the school. Environmental conservation is mainly focused on the sustainability of Brantas watershed. External parties involved in this project consist of the non-profit organization JKPKA, civil society, and stakeholders. There are several obstacles faced during the implementation of environmental conservation which are dominantly derived from the technical realm, namely parents’ permitting issue and the locations. Strengthening of shared perceptions is indeed taken by the school to maintain the sustainability of environmental education.
A Trend of Environmental Care and Disaster Resilience Based-Primary School Program to Emerge the Environmental Care and Disaster Resilience Attitude since the Early Age (A Case Study of Malang Regency)
Authors: Rosyida Fatiya , Sahrina Alfi , Isanaeni Nurhikmah , Hayati Putri Avivah El
Published: October 2022

An attitude of environmental care and disaster resilience should be emerged since the early age. The emergence of those attitudes can be started from school, especially the Primary School. The Primary School initiated several programs that can be done. This study used a survey conducted in several schools in Malang Regency. The survey was carried out by providing questionnaires, interviews and observations. The results showed that the most widely held programs were environmental care in 64%, 18% in disaster resilient programs, while the rest 18% do both of programs. It is important to conduct research to find out the trend of the programs carried out by the school so that it can provide valuable lessons for the other schools.
Improving Environmental and Cultural Carrying Capacity to Sustainably Develop Soge Beach in Pacitan Regency Indonesia
Authors: Sumarmi  , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Arinta Dicky
Published: October 2022

This research aimed to (1) determine the environmental carrying capacity of Soge Beach tourism, (2) determine the cultural carrying capacity of Soge Beach tourism, and (3) develop a sustainable strategy of Soge Beach tourism. The research design used descriptive research and mix method analysis (quantitative and qualitative). Data involved primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with tourism management, tourists, entrepreneurs in Soge Beach and the surrounding area. Secondary data came from the statistical data of the Pacitan Regency government. Data analysis employed qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data analysis also used SWOT to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Soge Beach’s development. Research results showed high potential of environmental and cultural carrying capacity for sustainable Soge Beach development. Development strategies referred to SWOT analysis to reduce weaknesses by increasing cultural and environmental carrying capacity and improving existing opportunities.
Sustainable Urban Agricultural Land Control towards Determining Perpetual Agricultural Land (PAL) in Tangerang City
Authors: Deffinika Ifan , Zachra Astrid Tharissa Az , Kenedy Biffanca Allya , Abdillah Muhammad Noval
Published: October 2022

Tangerang City is one of the Indonesian capital city buffer areas, DKI Jakarta. Most common impact of being a buffer city is land conversion. It is an inevitable impact to support new growth and development business. Land conversion from agricultural become non– non-agricultural could affect food security in terms of supply and demand. Agricultural land area decreases by 38.96 Ha, from 1.113,34 Ha (2018) to 1.076,65 Ha (2019). To ensure the fulfillment of food needs, Land conversion can be limited by establishing a Perpetual Agricultural Land (PAL) policy. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of land use in Tangerang City in 2014 – 2020 as consideration for determining the location of PAL. This study uses a quantitative approach with time series Landsat–8 image data in 2014, 2017, and 2020 obtained from LAPAN Sensory Catalog. In addition, secondary data statistics about land use from the National Statistic Bureau (BPS) also used to be considered. Data analysis in this study was carried out using quantitative descriptive statistics. The results show that the area of built–up land in Tangerang City grow about 8,07 % from 2017 to 2020. PAL development will be following current needs but still pay attention to the quantity and quality of future needs. The development of this PAL is pursued following the principle of sustainability. It can be realized by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers, developing agro–ecosystems, reusing irrigation water, and so on. Moreover, if the development of PAL gets more attention from the government, then agricultural productivity will impact in increasing the farmer’s welfare.
A Literature Review on Renewable Energy Resource and Optimization
Authors: Sharma Vijay Prakash , Somwanshi Devendra Kumar , Jain Kalpit , Satankar Raj Kumar
Published: October 2022

Step by step the energy request is broadening and in this way the necessities for a manageable source that won’t hurt the climate are of prime significance. Several projections express that by 2050 the energy requesting will basically increase. In any case bigger part of the energy necessities is fulfilled by oil subordinates yet by the utilization of innocuous to the environment power designs could help in giving the energy requests. As we in general understand that feasible power is the energy which is either established by the environment or straightforwardly from the sun or from heat conveyed critical inside the earth. In this review paper the renewable energy s power and warmth, which is produced using sun based, wind, sea, hydropower, biomass, geothermal assets, bio engages and hydrogen and these resources are known as unlimited resources.
Approximate climate analysis for assessing the suitability of Indian climate zones for hydroponic fodder applications
Authors: Basak Souryadeep , Bhatia Aviruch
Published: October 2022

Hydroponic fodder has been proposed as a novel low-tech solution to India’s fodder scarcity. Hydroponic fodder can reduce water requirements by up to 95% and use up to 70% less land due to their vertically scalable nature. The short crop cycles of approximately 7 days yields a seed to feed ratio of 1:8. This study analyses the external environmental weather conditions in Indian climate zones, assessing their suitability for the application of hydroponic fodder solutions. The weather of each climate zone was approximated by a representative city through parameter selection and optimisation by three-dimensional Euclidean distance minimisation. Simulation and analysis were carried out on the Rhinoceros software platform with the Grasshopper and LadyBug plug-ins. Hourly temperature plots, sun-path diagrams and psychrometric charts with modified predicted mean vote polygons superimposed were generated for each climate zone. The ambient weather suitability of the following representative cities was simulated to be as follows: Ahmedabad (86.70%), Kolkata (81.86%), Bengaluru (94.07%), Lucknow (73.23%) and Srinagar (30.85%). A cost benefit analysis was buttressed by a sensitivity analysis with respect to the selling price of green fodder. A preliminary cash flow analysis yielded a discounted payback period of 4 months for direct fodder sales and 20 months for sale of livestock products as a co-benefit of green fodder production.
Techno-Economic Assessment of LPG operated Porous Radiant Burner based Cook-stoves for Commercial Cooking Applications
Authors: Shaik Sofia Rani , Muthukumar P. , Kalita Pratul Chandra
Published: October 2022

The present study is to conduct a Techno-economic Assessment of a 5-7 kW Porous Radiant Burner (PRB) – based LPG cook-stove operating in eateries and restaurants. Process flow study has been performed primarily to understand the technological process involved in the PRB and also to estimate the cost of manufacturing. The cost estimation has been done considering direct costs such as material costs and labor costs, and indirect costs such as factory costs, works costs and administration costs. Sensitivity analysis has been performed considering the production capacity of 50, 250 and 500 cook-stoves each day. An economic feasibility study of PRB cook-stoves has been done by estimating the Pay Back Period, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. For a manufacturing capacity of 250 cook-stoves per day, PRB yields a 51.4% return on the investment with a payback period of 0.68 years. Adopting PRB-based cook-stoves in small, medium and large-scale eateries results in an annual saving of Rs. 77500, Rs. 235000 and Rs. 1170000, indicating that PRB-based cook-stoves are undoubtedly economically viable.
Numerical Investigation of Concentrated Solar Central Billboard with Hexagonal Tubes.
Authors: Havaldar Sanjay N , Malapur Harsh V , Kulkarni Kaustubh G , Anderson Gary A.
Published: October 2022

The solar receiver is the most important component of any central solar tower power plant (CSP) system. A numerical analysis of four billboard geometry designs of the central tower receiver was undertaken in this study. On the receiver, the surface area, heat transfer fluid (HTF), and intensity of beam radiation were all constant. The mass flow rate of HTF was modified, and the temperature gain was used as a metric to determine the most efficient design based on the analytical results. Four different models of vertical tube receivers were designed and analyzed. In the analysis, the surface area of the receivers was the same. When compared to the vertical variable circular tube receiver design, the vertical variable hexagonal tube receiver design achieved a marginally higher temperature for the HTF fluid at lower mass flow rates.
Experimental Study on Strength Behaviour of Geogrid Reinforced Subgrade Soil
Authors: Pisini Sateesh , Thammadi Swetha , Nadan Monish , Edward Naadirah , Nisha Shaniza
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the summary of experimental program to evaluate the potential of KOBM (Klockner Oxygen Blown Maxhutte) slag to stabilize the geogrid-reinforced subgrade soil in Suva, Fiji. This KOBM slag is a by-product of steel manufacturing process in New Zealand. The standard California bearing ratio (CBR) laboratory tests were performed on the soil samples with various combinations of geogrid and KOBM slag, along with other geotechnical tests to determine the strength behaviour of subgrade soil. The laboratory experiments were undertaken to investigate the impact of using KOBM slag (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) with single and double layers of geogrid reinforcement placed at H/2 and H/4 (where H is height of CBR mould) in the soil sample. The effect of geogrid reinforcement with respect to the position and number of layers with varying contents of KOBM on the strength behaviour of subgrade soil has been examined. Results of the current study indicate that there is a significant increase in CBR values for subgrade soil stabilized with KOBM and reinforced with geogrid. Maximum CBR value was observed in the soil sample reinforced with single geogrid layer placed at H/2 with 20% KOBM slag. This is the best outcome amongst all the combinations of KOBM, position/no. of layers of geogrid reinforcement in the current experimental study consisting of 50 experiments.
Geo-statistical analysis of ground water fluctuations for sustainable management of groundwater resources within the chaliyar basin, southwest India
Authors: Ansari M I , Thakural L N , Hassan Q
Published: October 2022

Ground water is the primary source for potable water and it forms the fundamental connecting link amongst the Climates, Society & Natural Ecosystem. Phenomenon like climate change has a marked influence on ground water recharge giving rise to spatial variation in ground water levels. Today, fluctuations in ground water level have become a major problem and their study is of prime importance from water security & sustainable development point of view. To meet such challenges, geospatial technologies have proven to be an effective enabler i.e. spatial interpolation mechanism using geo-statistical analysis has become very popular. The Kriging method is an example of such techniques. Hence, this paper attempts to study & analyze the spatio-temporal variations of ground water levels pertaining to 29 observation wells located in Chaliyar basin, Southwest India for which Geo-statistical analysis was performed using ordinary Kriging method in Arc GIS environment. Finally, the spatial maps showing the ground water level fluctuations were generated for the Chaliyar basin which could be used for sustainable management & planning of Ground water resources within the basin.
Measuring the Level of Road Safety through Road Safety Audit and Star Rating Method – A Case Study from Himalayan Expressway
Authors: Saurabh Kumar S , Sharma Sunil
Published: October 2022

National Highways (NH) carry the major portion of the total traffic in India. Road safety on NH is therefore of paramount importance. In the present study, a road safety audit has been performed for a 4-lane NH using Star Rating method. ViDA software developed by International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) is used for finding the Star Rating of the road sections. This safety rating has been determined for four road user types: Vehicle occupant, Motorcyclist, Pedestrian and Bicyclist. The purpose of the study is to measure the level of road safety and lower the severity level by proposing countermeasures. The case study is a five Kilometre (km) section of NH-5 from Sanwara toll plaza to Jabali in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. Encroachment on the land, roadside activities, insufficient infrastructure, imperfections in the geometric design, and non-motorized access were some of the severe safety flaws identified through the study process. The Star Rating results indicated that among all the road user types, the vehicle occupant is much safer than the others.
Modeling and optimization of the anaerobic digestion system for domestic waste water treatment with the development of monitoring techniques
Authors: Mathur Rajshree , Sharma Meena Kumari
Published: October 2022

Water scarcity and wastewater management are two most serious environmental problems faced by developing countries like India. Recycling and reuse of the treated wastewater for non-potable purpose may significantly reduce the stress on fresh water requirement. Anaerobic digestion methods are used to treat wastewater discharge from various fields. Software tools provide an opportunity for engineers to create models which represent activities, resources, and the environment in powerful, affordable and user-friendly way. Modeling and simulation results serve as an important guideline in the optimization and process control for plant operators and other specialists in the field of engineering. Model-based development of software using tools such as Math Works Simulink has become common in the engineering. The Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) from the International Water Association might be used for modeling and optimization of digestion operations. This research reveals the study of domestic wastewater treatment using ADM1. The process equations are solved using the input data, and output is generated. The results show that the proposed method is capable of predicting process parameters of excellent stream with high degree of accuracy (R2=0.945).
Prediction of Rainfall Using Hybrid SVM-HHO Model
Authors: Moharana L , Sahoo A , Ghose D K
Published: October 2022

Rainfall modeling is considered a need of the hour in order to understand, control, and monitor the quality and quantity of water resources. Modeling rainfall is one of the key components of the meteorological engineering process. Hydrological and climatological studies require accurate rainfall estimation in order to effectively manage water resources. Thus, adopting an advanced, reliable, and intelligent model for forecasting will be of great value in water resources engineering. The present study tried to establish a hybrid model with the combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Harris Hawks Optimization (SVM-HHO) for predicting the rainfall time series of Cachar district located in Assam, India. The predictive performance of models is examined based on statistical analysis. Statistical measures like root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of correlation (CC) is used to evaluate the considered hybrid model. It is observed from obtained results that proposed hybrid model exhibited least RMSE value of 20.29, and highest CC value of 0.9714, during testing period. Findings of this study confirm that proposed hybrid optimisation strategy can be regarded as a powerful forecasting tool for achieving better generalisation capability and higher forecasting accurateness.
Mapping Groundwater Potential Zone and Flood Risk Zone in the Visakhapatnam District, India.
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Prasad P. , Leela Priyanka M. , Sarath R. , Raghupathi Naidu B. , Ravi T.
Published: October 2022

Groundwater is a vital resource that significantly contributes to the annual supply. On the other hand, Overexploitation has resulted in a significant reduction in groundwater supplies and, in some cases, soil sinking. Therefore, it’s critical to assess the possible zone of groundwater rejuvenation to safeguard water quality and manage subsurface water systems. Potential groundwater zones are detected using RS and GIS technologies. GIS technologies were used to build the composite map. Accurate data is required to determine the criteria used to estimate the potential groundwater zone. DEM, soil, Rainfall, and LULC data are all generated by the satellites, and, at a scale of 1:50000, topo sheets are collected from the Survey of India (SOI). All the input data is combined with a weighted overlay in ArcGIS. Each of these criteria is given an appropriate ranking. The ability of various geomorphic units to store groundwater is assigned weight values. This procedure is repeated for each of the remaining layers, with the resulting layers being categorized. Extremely poor, poor, moderate, good, and exceptional are the five categories of potential groundwater zones. The method is used in a particular research area in the Visakhapatnam district. This data will help you figure out where you can get water, where water can be recharged, and where groundwater is limited.
Role of ADR methods in environmental conflicts in the light of sustainable development
Authors: Alkhayer J , Gupta N , Gupta C M
Published: October 2022

Sustainable development could not be envisaged regardless of protection of the environment and natural resources and achieving economic growth detached from resource use, in other words, sustainable development relies on environmental sustainability. On the other hand, Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, calls for peace, justice, and strong institutions to promote rule of law and access to justice at a global level. Settlement of environmental conflicts is an integral part of environmental sustainability and a part of accessing justice as well. In the light of increasing environmental challenges as a result of the continuous increasing rate of population and lack of global use of the renewed resource of energy has had a substantial influence on the environment, resulting in a corresponding increase in environmental conflicts. With the significantly varied court systems of nations throughout the world and the less efficiency of most of these systems, the question of rethinking and rebuilding effective alternative dispute resolution and further its role in environmental conflicts could be basic and urgent. But on the other hand, alternative dispute resolutions (ADR) have also barriers and negative aspects. The present paper examines and studies the role of ADR methods in environmental disputes and evaluates its efficiency and research on factors that lead to its success or its failure by studying real environmental conflicts from different countries to provide recommendations and suggestions to boost ADR methods in environmental disputes.
Formulation of Parking Demand Estimation Model in Transit Oriented CBDs: A Review
Authors: Das Debasish , Banerjee Debargha , Das Dibyendu , Bhowmik Sharmistha , Roy Ishita , Sarkhel Tanmoy , Raj Suhel , Das Pritam
Published: October 2022

Parking shortages are a regular occurrence in the urban Central Business District (CBD). In most Indian cities, the demand for parking outnumbers the supply. Managing parking demand is a critical aspect of transportation planning, particularly in metropolitan areas. Due to a shortage of off-street parking options in the CBD, tourists are compelled to park on the street, causing unnecessary congestion. The goals of this paper are to review existing research, identify key parameters, and provide models for forecasting on-street parking demand. To predict on-street parking demand in metropolitan CBDs with public transit (PT) service, a cost parameter (CF) model is developed. Some surveys, such as in-out surveys, license plate surveys, questionnaire surveys, video graphic survey methods, and so on, are likely to be utilized to collect data for the suggested model.
Correlation Study of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Index Around Kodungaiyur Dumping Ground
Authors: Aishwarya R , Faizuneesa A , Hemamathi A , Ramshankar P , Yuvaraj M
Published: October 2022

The amount of waste that enters the Kodungaiyur dumping ground, in Tamil Nadu, India increases day by day due to the urban sprawl and growth of the metropolitan limits. The leachate infiltration in the groundwater accounts for the contamination and it is a critical issue to be addressed. The survey conducted among the residents of Kodungaiyur represents a disagreement on the water quality among the residents of their area. The go-to rack and ruin health condition of the people in the locality makes them prone to frequent hospitalisations. Physico-chemical parameters from 12 bore wells around the dumpsite are tested. On average, the conductivity, Total hardness, Chlorides, COD, BOD, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Total alkalinity are more than the BIS prescribed limits of drinking water standards. On analyzing the water quality index (WQI) using the weighted arithmetic method, it is clear that all the bore wells have a WQI of more than 100, which is the deprecatory indicator for the category of “Totally unsuitable for drinking”. The worrisome situation indicates that the groundwater is polluted and unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes. The WQI has negatively correlated to pH as the pH of all the samples has values ranging between 6.5-8.5. Also, the WQI is high-positively correlated to Chlorides, Sulphates, COD, BOD, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Alkalinity, Nitrate and Sodium with a correlation factor of more than 0.900. This indicates the excessive presence of physical, chemical and biological parameters contributing to high values of WQI in the water samples. After evaluating the data, it can be concluded that the drinking water of Kodungaiyur is not potable and a direct demand to revamp the groundwater status in this region is the need of the hour to prevent the population from facing adverse health effects.
A Literature Review on Mechanical Properties of Waste PET Bottle Based Fibre
Authors: Somwanshi Devendra Kumar , Sharma Vijay Prakash , Sharma Sikha , Jain Kalpit
Published: October 2022

PET which stands for polyethylene terephthalate. It is a form of polyester just like the clothing fabric. PET bottles is a clear, strong, and lightweight plastic that is widely used for packaging foods and beverages, especially convenience-sized soft drinks, juices and water. Have increasingly become an indispensable and essential part of a common man’s life. The joining of waste PET containers in substantial composites is a promising method for creating manageable composite materials which might be applied to the development business. Consequently, concrete with squander PET jugs demonstrates not just as a viable plastic waste administration procedure, yet in addition a methodology towards financial, climate well-disposed and reasonable advancement of building materials later on. In this review paper, properties of reinforced concrete made by the incorporation of waste PET bottle fibres have been analysed and discussed.
Review of open space rules and regulations and identification of specificities for plot-level open spaces to facilitate sustainable development: An Indian case
Authors: Gujar Sameer , Deshmukh Amit , Gupta Reshu
Published: October 2022

Rapid urbanization and an increase in the alteration of natural resources have led to climate crises, driving the need to promote sustainable development. Urban open space management plays a vital role in such scenarios. Research on urban open spaces has been mainly conducted at regional, municipal, and neighborhood scales. Rarely has the focus been on the plot-level potentials and management of open spaces. Therefore, the study looks into the Indian development control rules and regulations and identifies that although these stipulate the percentage of open space for development on each plot, specificities for open spaces are unclear. Further, the study analyses quantitative and qualitative aspects of open spaces for selected group housing schemes in Pune city. The inquiry shows that per capita open space in Pune is comparatively lower than national standards. The quantitative aspects include FSI, building ground coverage, built-up area, number of floors, and number of dwelling units, and each relates to open spaces in one way or another. The qualitative interpretations disclose that a plot-level open space can significantly impact the regional-level open space network. Hence, the research advocates a bottom-up approach wherein plot-level open space can become the focus in formulating new norms and policies for sustainable development.
Strengthening optimisation of a deep construction excavation in the city of Sofia using the observational method
Authors: Totsev Andrey
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the role of the observational method in controlling the behaviour of retaining walls and providing opportunities for savings or the prevention of construction hazards. The method is standardized in Eurocode 7 as one of the defining principles of geotechnical design and is a viable verification approach for limit states. However, in Bulgaria the rate of its application hardly exceeds 10-15% of all the implemented building projects. The advantages of the method will be demonstrated using a specific building site as a real life example.
BTEX exposure in indoor air in schools in Bulgaria
Authors: Serafimova Ekaterina , Petkova Vilma
Published: October 2022

Exposure to indoor air pollutants is one of the primary environmental health stressors, the most important categories of chemicals that occur in the indoor air are BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes). All of them are used in many commercial building products and materials use indoor. Each of the chemicals in the mixture of concern is volatile, well absorbed, extensively metabolized, and does not persist in the body for long periods of time. All of the BTEX chemicals can produce neurological impairment. The aim of this work is on research and analysis of indoor air quality. seasonal fluctuations and to assess the impact of chemical pollutants in a closed environment in southwest Bulgaria.
Therapeutic effects of in-vivo radiodynamic therapy (RDT) for lung cancer treatment: a combination of 15MV photons and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)
Authors: Yang Dae-Myoung , Cvetkovic Dusica , Chen Lili , Ma C-M Charlie
Published: October 2022

Objective. Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) uses high-energy photon beams instead of visible/near-infrared light to treat deep-seated tumors that photodynamic therapy cannot achieve due to the low penetration depth of laser beams. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of RDT with 15 MV photon beams combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) using a mouse model. Approach. A subcutaneous C57BL/6 mouse model of KP1 small-cell lung cancer cell line was used. The tumors (N = 120) were randomized into four groups to observe individual and synergistic effects of 5-ALA and radiation treatment: control (untreated, N = 42), radiation treatment (RT) only (N = 20), 5-ALA only (N = 20), and RDT (N = 38). For the RT only and RDT groups, 4 Gy in a single fraction was delivered to the tumors using 15 MV photons. For the 5-ALA only and RDT groups, 5-ALA was injected at a dose of 100 mg kg−1 by tail-vein 4 h prior to RT. The tumor response was assessed by monitoring tumor growth using 1.5 T MR, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) using [18F]FDG PET/CT, and animal survival. Main results. RDT achieved a statistically significant delay in tumor growth by 52.1%, 48.1%, and 57.9% 7 days post-treatment compared to 5-ALA only, RT only, and control group (P < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences in tumor growth between 5-ALA only and RT only groups. An additional 38.5%–40.9% decrease in tumor growth was observed, showing a synergistic effect with RDT. Furthermore, RDT significantly decreased [18F]FDG uptakes in SUVmax and TLG 7 days post-treatment by 47.4% and 66.5% (P < 0.001), respectively. RDT mice survived the longest of all treatment groups. Significance. RDT with 15 MV photons and 5-ALA resulted in greater tumor control compared to the control and other treatment groups. A significant synergistic effect was also observed with RDT. These preliminary results demonstrate an effective cancer treatment modality.
Implementation of a pharmacological prophylaxis bundle to prevent obstetric-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Iverson Ronald E , Zhang Min , Jansen Emily M , Trucks Emma , Iorio Rhiannon , Combs Ginny , Kourtelidis Marie , Mottl-Santiago Julie , Norris Mark , Lambert Lynne , Katzmark Rachel , Vyas Pooja , Abbott Jodi F
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) accounts for a significant proportion of pregnancy-related mortality. In response to a series of VTEs at our institution and in accordance with mounting medical evidence for increased assessment, we implemented a universal, standardized obstetric VTE risk assessment process during antepartum and postpartum admissions and corresponding pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, which extends into the postdischarge period to prevent pregnancy-associated VTE in our urban, safety-net population.

This quality improvement (QI) project used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement. We analyzed data from chart audits, patient and pharmacy outreach, and electronic reports using statistical process control charts. A review of 407 charts showed an increase in the proportion of patients undergoing documented risk assessment from 0% to 80% (average of 61%) from July 2015 to June 2016. The average risk assessment rate increased from 61% to 98% from July 2016 through March 2021 after the screening was integrated into the electronic health record (EHR). Rate of receipt of recommended thromboprophylaxis during admission increased from an average of 85% before EHR integration to 94% after integration. The proportion of high-risk patients receiving prescriptions upon discharge increased from 7% before EHR integration to 87% after integration. We interviewed 117 patients by telephone, of whom 74% continued the medications at home.

Conclusion

An interprofessional team can achieve high rates of obstetric inpatient VTE risk assessment, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis initiation, and outpatient continuation using QI methodology.