bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal and hydraulic performance analysis of a heat sink with corrugated channels and nanofluids
Authors: Naranjani Benyamin , Roohi Ehsan , Ebrahimi Amin
Published: September 2020

Cooling of electronic devices is one of the critical challenges that the electronics industry is facing towards sustainable development. Aiming at lowering the surface temperature of the heat sink to limit thermally induced deformations, corrugated channels and nanofluids are employed to improve the thermal and hydraulic performances of a heat sink. Three-dimensional simulations based on the finite-volume approach are carried out to study conjugated heat transfer in the heat sink. Water-based nanofluids containing $$\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$

Al
2

O
3

nanoparticles with two different particle sizes (29 nm and 40 nm) and volume fractions less than 4% are employed as the coolant, and their influence on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the heat sink is compared with the base fluid (i.e. water). An empirical model is utilised to approximate the effective transport properties of the nanofluids. Employing corrugated channels instead of straight channels in the heat sink results in an enhancement of 24–36% in the heat transfer performance at the cost of 20–31% increase in the required pumping power leading to an enhancement of 16–24% in the overall performance of the heat sink. Additionally, the numerical predictions indicate that the overall performance of the proposed heat sink design with corrugated channels and water–$$\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$

Al
2

O
3

nanofluids is 22–40% higher than that of the water-cooled heat sink with straight channels. It is demonstrated that the overall performance of the heat sink cooled with water–$$\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$

Al
2

O
3

nanofluids increases with reducing the average nanoparticle size. Additionally, the maximum temperature rise in the heat sinks is determined for different thermal loads.
Extending the Basic Local Independence Model to Polytomous Data
Authors: Stefanutti Luca , de Chiusole Debora , Anselmi Pasquale , Spoto Andrea
Published: September 2020

A probabilistic framework for the polytomous extension of knowledge space theory (KST) is proposed. It consists in a probabilistic model, called polytomous local independence model, that is developed as a generalization of the basic local independence model. The algorithms for computing “maximum likelihood” (ML) and “minimum discrepancy” (MD) estimates of the model parameters have been derived and tested in a simulation study. Results show that the algorithms differ in their capability of recovering the true parameter values. The ML algorithm correctly recovers the true values, regardless of the manipulated variables. This is not totally true for the MD algorithm. Finally, the model has been applied to a real polytomous data set collected in the area of psychological assessment. Results show that it can be successfully applied in practice, paving the way to a number of applications of KST outside the area of knowledge and learning assessment.
Antithrombotic management and outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with NOACs early at the time of market introduction: Main results from the PREFER in AF Prolongation Registry
Authors: Renda Giulia , Pecen Ladislav , Patti Giuseppe , Ricci Fabrizio , Kotecha Dipak , Siller-Matula Jolanta M. , Schnabel Renate B. , Wachter Rolf , Sellal Jean-Marc , Rohla Miklos , Lucerna Markus , Huber Kurt , Verheugt Freek W. A. , Zamorano Jose Luis , Brüggenjürgen Bernd , Darius Harald , Duytschaever Mattias , Le Heuzey Jean-Yves , Schilling Richard J. , Kirchhof Paulus , De Caterina Raffaele
Published: September 2020

The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has rapidly changed with increasing use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and changes in the use of rhythm control therapy. The prevention of thromboembolic events European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation Prolongation Registry (PREFER Prolongation) enrolled consecutive patients with AF on NOACs between 2014 and 2016 in a multicentre, prospective, observational study with one-year follow-up, focusing on the time of introduction of NOACs. Overall, 3783 patients were enrolled, with follow-up information available in 3223 (85%). Mean age was 72.2 ± 9.4 years, 40% were women, mean CHA2DS2VASc score was 3.4 ± 1.6, and 2587 (88.6%) had a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2. Rivaroxaban was used in half of patients, and dabigatran and apixaban were used in about a quarter of patients each; edoxaban was not available for use in Europe at the time. Major cardiovascular event rate was low: serious events occurred in 74 patients (84 events, 2%), including 24 strokes (1%), 62 major bleeds (2%), of which 30 were life-threatening (1%) and 3 intracranial (0.1%), and 28 acute coronary syndromes (1%). Mortality was 2%. Antiarrhythmic drugs were used in about 50% of patients, catheter ablation in 5%. Adverse events were low in this contemporary European cohort of unselected AF patients treated with NOACs already at the time of their first introduction, despite high thromboembolic risk.
Bases for Structures and Theories II
Authors: Ketland Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

In Part I of this paper (Ketland in Logica Universalis 14:357–381, 2020), I assumed we begin with a (relational) signature $$P = \{P_i\}$$

P
=
{

P
i

}

and the corresponding language $$L_P$$

L
P

, and introduced the following notions: a definition system$$d_{\Phi }$$

d
Φ

for a set of new predicate symbols $$Q_i$$

Q
i

, given by a set $$\Phi = \{\phi _i\}$$

Φ
=
{

ϕ
i

}

of defining $$L_P$$

L
P

-formulas (these definitions have the form: $$\forall \overline{x}(Q_i(x) \leftrightarrow \phi _i)$$

∀

x
¯

(

Q
i

(
x
)

↔

ϕ
i

)

); a corresponding translation function$$\tau _{\Phi }: L_Q \rightarrow L_P$$

τ
Φ

:

L
Q

→

L
P

; the corresponding definitional image operator$$D_{\Phi }$$

D
Φ

, applicable to $$L_P$$

L
P

-structures and $$L_P$$

L
P

-theories; and the notion of definitional equivalence itself: for structures $$A + d_{\Phi } \equiv B + d_{\Theta }$$

A
+

d
Φ

≡
B
+

d
Θ

; for theories, $$T_1 + d_{\Phi } \equiv T_2 + d_{\Theta }$$

T
1

+

d
Φ

≡

T
2

+

d
Θ

. Some results relating these notions were given, ending with two characterizations for definitional equivalence. In this second part, we explain the notion of a representation basis. Suppose a set $$\Phi = \{\phi _i\}$$

Φ
=
{

ϕ
i

}

of $$L_P$$

L
P

-formulas is given, and $$\Theta = \{\theta _i\}$$

Θ
=
{

θ
i

}

is a set of $$L_Q$$

L
Q

-formulas. Then the original set $$\Phi $$
Φ
is called a representation basis for an $$L_P$$

L
P

-structure A with inverse $$\Theta $$
Θ
iff an inverse explicit definition $$\forall \overline{x}(P_i(\overline{x}) \leftrightarrow \theta _i)$$

∀

x
¯

(

P
i

(

x
¯

)

↔

θ
i

)

is true in $$A + d_{\Phi }$$

A
+

d
Φ

, for each $$P_i$$

P
i

. Similarly, the set $$\Phi $$
Φ
is called a representation basis for a $$L_P$$

L
P

-theory T with inverse $$\Theta $$
Θ
iff each explicit definition $$\forall \overline{x}(P_i(\overline{x}) \leftrightarrow \theta _i)$$

∀

x
¯

(

P
i

(

x
¯

)

↔

θ
i

)

is provable in $$T + d_{\Phi }$$

T
+

d
Φ

. Some results about representation bases, the mappings they induce and their relationship with the notion of definitional equivalence are given. In particular, we show that $$T_1$$

T
1

(in $$L_P$$

L
P

) is definitionally equivalent to $$T_2$$

T
2

(in $$L_Q$$

L
Q

), with respect to $$\Phi $$
Φ
and $$\Theta $$
Θ
, if and only if $$\Phi $$
Φ
is a representation basis for $$T_1$$

T
1

with inverse $$\Theta $$
Θ
and $$T_2 \equiv D_{\Phi }T_1$$

T
2

≡

D
Φ

T
1

.
Osteosarcoma of the Mandible in a Patient with Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia and Li–Fraumeni Syndrome: A Rare Coincidence
Authors: Haefliger Simon , Harder Dorothee , Kovac Michal , Linkeschova Karin , Eufinger Harald , Baumhoer Daniel
Published: September 2020

Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is the most common benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws and generally considered non-neoplastic and self-limited. Here, we present a 30-year old female who noticed a bilateral swelling of her posterior mandible with irregular periapical mineralization and incomplete root resorption on panoramic radiographs. A biopsy revealed florid COD and no further treatment was initiated. 9 years later, she presented with a progressive expansion of her left posterior mandible after being treated for bilateral breast cancer 4 and 8 years before. CT scans showed expansile and densely mineralized lesions in all four quadrants with the left posterior mandible showing a focal penetration of the buccal cortical bone. Biopsies revealed an osteoblastic high-grade osteosarcoma in the left and a COD in the right mandible, notably with cellular atypia in the spindle cell component. The patient underwent segmental resection of the left mandible with clear margins and adjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequent genetic testing identified a heterozygous germline TP53 mutation (p.V173G) which confirmed the clinically suspected Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). 3 years after the resection, the patient is free of disease and the other foci of COD remained stable in size on follow-up imaging analyses. Our case illustrates LFS-related osteosarcoma developing within florid COD. Given the rarity of this coincidence, a causative relation between the two lesions seems unlikely but in patients with tumor predisposition syndromes it might be advisable to closely monitor even benign lesions like COD.
Own and other person’s transgressions: Guilt as a function of self-construal
Authors: Neumann Roland
Published: September 2020

Previous research has shown that self-construal predicts pride responses to success. Independent self-construal increases pride responses to own achievements whereas interdependent self-construal increases pride responses to other person’s achievements. In the current research, I examine if other self-conscious emotions such as guilt are similarly influenced by self-construal. In this study, German students (N = 88, 75 female, 13 male) were primed with an either independent or interdependent self-construal. Guilt was elicited either by one’s own transgression or by the transgression of a close other. Results show that an independent self-construal leads to stronger guilt responses to own transgressions than an interdependent self-construal whereas no such difference was obtained for transgressions of close other’s. In sum, these findings suggest that guilt is influenced by self-construal.
Ex Vivo Model of Functional Mitral Regurgitation Using Deer Hearts
Authors: Jaworek Michal , Mangini Andrea , Maroncelli Edoardo , Lucherini Federico , Rosa Rubina , Salurso Eleonora , Votta Emiliano , Antona Carlo , Fiore Gianfranco Beniamino , Vismara Riccardo
Published: September 2020

Transcatheter therapies are emerging for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) treatment, however there is lack of pathological models for their preclinical assessment. We investigated the applicability of deer hearts for this purpose.

8 whole deer hearts were housed in a pulsatile flow bench. At baseline, all mitral valves featured normal coaptation. The pathological state was induced by 60-minutes intraventricular constant pressurization. It caused mitral annulus dilation (antero-posterior diameter increase from 31.8 ± 5.6 mm to 39.5 ± 4.9 mm, p = 0.001), leaflets tethering (maximal tenting height increase from 7.3 ± 2.5 mm to 12.7 ± 3.4 mm, p < 0.001) and left ventricular diameter increase (from 67.8 ± 7.5 mm to 79.4 ± 6.5 mm, p = 0.004). These geometrical reconfigurations led to restricted mitral valve leaflets motion and leaflet coaptation loss. Preliminary feasibility assessment of two FMR treatments was performed in the developed model.

Deer hearts showed ability to dilate under constant pressurization and have potential to be used for realistic preclinical research of novel FMR therapies.
Habitat utilization and feeding ecology of small round goby in a shallow brackish lagoon
Authors: Henseler Christina , Kotterba Paul , Bonsdorff Erik , Nordström Marie C. , Oesterwind Daniel
Published: September 2020

We examined small-scale distribution and feeding ecology of a non-native fish species, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)), in different habitats of a coastal lagoon situated in the south-western Baltic Sea. First observations of round goby in this lagoon were reported in 2011, 3 years before the current study was conducted, and information on this species’ basic ecology in different habitats is limited. We found that mainly juvenile round gobies are non-randomly distributed between habitats and that abundances potentially correlate positively with vegetation density and thus structural complexity of the environment. Abundances were highest in shallower, more densely vegetated habitats indicating that these areas might act as a refuge for small round gobies by possibly offering decreased predation risk and better feeding resources. Round goby diet composition was distinct for several length classes suggesting an ontogenetic diet shift concerning crustacean prey taxa between small (≤ 50 mm total length, feeding mainly on zooplankton) and medium individuals (51–100 mm, feeding mainly on benthic crustaceans) and another diet shift of increasing molluscivory with increasing body size across all length classes. Differences in round goby diet between habitats within the smallest length class might potentially be related to prey availability in the environment, which would point to an opportunistic feeding strategy. Here, we offer new insights into the basic ecology of round goby in littoral habitats, providing a better understanding of the ecological role of this invasive species in its non-native range, which might help to assess potential consequences for native fauna and ecosystems.
Joint Microbial and Metabolomic Network Estimation with the Censored Gaussian Graphical Model
Authors: Ma Jing
Published: September 2020

Joint analysis of microbiome and metabolomic data represents an imperative objective as the field moves beyond basic microbiome association studies and turns towards mechanistic and translational investigations. We present a censored Gaussian graphical model framework, where the metabolomic data are treated as continuous and the microbiome data as censored at zero, to identify direct interactions (defined as conditional dependence relationships) between microbial species and metabolites. Simulated examples show that our method metaMint performs favorably compared to the existing ones. metaMint also provides interpretable microbe-metabolite interactions when applied to a bacterial vaginosis data set. R implementation of metaMint is available on GitHub.
Chemical Constituents from the Whole Plant of Cuscuta reflexa
Authors: Aung Tin Thu Thu , Xia Meng-Yuan , Hein Pyae Phyo , Tang Rong , Zhang Dong-Dong , Yang Jun , Yang Xue-Fei , Hu Dong-Bao , Wang Yue-Hu
Published: September 2020

Two new 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides, cuscutarosides A (1) and B (2), and one new steroidal glucoside, 7β-methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), together with 12 known compounds (4–15) were isolated from the whole plant ofCuscuta reflexa(Convolvulaceae) collected from Myanmar. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antiobesity activity of these isolates was evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), and the antiplatelet aggregation activity was screened using rabbit platelets induced by thrombin, platelet-activating factor (PAF), arachidonate (AA), or collagen. 7β-Methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3) showed weak PPL inhibitory activity. Cuscutaroside A (1), its acetylated derivative (1a), and scrophenoside B (8) showed weak inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen. Compound1aalso showed inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by AA.

Graphic Abstract
Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes
Authors: Nadolny Krzysztof , Kieraś Seweryn , Sutowski Paweł
Published: September 2020

Control of thermal conditions in the grinding zone is possible through effective delivery of substances with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties during the machining process. In addition to the benefits of coolants, however, a number of economic and ecological problems arise, which include the costs of purchase, use and maintenance as well as the environmental impact of its disposal. These negative aspects of the use of cooling and lubricating liquids have contributed to the modern trend of minimizing their output in machining processes, including grinding. This article presents comprehensive characteristics of knowledge in the field of liquids, gases and solids with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties. The author’s original classification of cooling and lubricating agents by their physical state was proposed and a complete list of known modern environmentally friendly methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone was presented. In order to highlight their beneficial features, the background of conventional methods of delivery coolants, lubricants and antiadhesives to the grinding zone used for years were also characterised. A comprehensive list of all known methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone classified according to the physical state of the delivered medium with a clear separation of hybrid methods consisting in simultaneous delivery of many cooling and lubricating agents was described in the summary. The article concludes with the characteristics of directions of further development in the field of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone.
Tropical Ehrhart theory and tropical volume
Authors: Loho Georg , Schymura Matthias
Published: September 2020

We introduce a novel intrinsic volume concept in tropical geometry. This is achieved by developing the foundations of a tropical analog of lattice point counting in polytopes. We exhibit the basic properties and compare it to existing measures. Our exposition is complemented by a brief study of arising complexity questions.
Molecular diversity analysis of genotypes from four Aegilops species based on retrotransposon–microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers
Authors: Leśniowska-Nowak Justyna , Okoń Sylwia , Wieremczuk Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

Genetic diversity analysis is an important tool in crop improvement. Species with high genetic diversity are a valuable source of variation used in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of four species belonging to the genus Aegilops, which are often used to expand the genetic variability of wheat and triticale. Forty-five genotypes belonging to the genus Aegilops were investigated. Within- and among-species genetic diversity was calculated based on REMAP (retrotransposon–microsatellite amplified polymorphism) molecular markers. Obtained results showed that REMAP markers are a powerful method for genetic diversity analysis, which produces a high number of polymorphic bands (96.09% of total bands were polymorphic). Among tested genotypes, Ae. crassa and Ae. vavilovii showed the highest genetic diversity and should be chosen as a valuable source of genetic variation.
The Psychology of Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Ascher William
Published: September 2020

In order to design, enact, and protect poverty alleviation policies in developing countries, we must first understand the psychology of how the poor react to their plight, and not just the psychology of the privileged called upon for sacrifice. This book integrates social and psycho-dynamic psychology, economics, policy design, and policy-process theory to explore ways to follow through on successful poverty-alleviation initiatives, while averting destructive conflict. Using eight case studies across Latin America, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, William Ascher examines successes and failures in helping the poor through affirmative action, cash transfers, social-spending targeting, subsidies, and regional development. In doing so, he demonstrates how social identities, attributions of deservingness, and perceptions of the policy process shape both the willingness to support pro-poor policies and the conflict that emerges over distributional issues.
Punitive Processes? Judging in Thai Lower Criminal Courts
Authors: McCargo Duncan
Published: September 2020

This article examines how Thai courts of the first instance deal with run-of-the-mill criminal cases. How do judges deal with criminal trials of a rather routine nature, often involving defendants from ethnic minorities and reflecting the particular conditions in the provinces concerned? Drawing on participant observation and interview research conducted mainly in two provinces in different regions of the country, the article examines the challenges faced by judges and court officials in dealing with heavy caseloads in a highly bureaucratized system where acquittal rates are extremely low. How far do such cases shed light on how judging is carried out in the majority of Thai courts? What kind of challenges do Thai judges face in adjudicating minor but often messy cases in order to fulfil societal expectations in line with their own understandings of justice?
The ‘Oriental’ Character of Islamic Philosophy in Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy
Authors: Ventura Lorella
Published: September 2020

In his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, Hegel characterizes Arabic/Islamic philosophy as ‘Oriental’. The meaning and motivation of this characterization are not obvious. In this paper, I address his treatment and outline the key ideas that lead Hegel to describe Islamic philosophy as ‘Oriental’. By highlighting similarities and differences in relation to Oriental philosophy, I shed light on Hegel's approach to Islamic philosophy, which is connected to his view of Oriental philosophy, the East and Islam in its various aspects, and to his more general view of the history of philosophy and of the Absolute as spirit.
The Lp Minkowski problem for q-capacity
Authors: Chen Zhengmao
Published: September 2020

In the present paper, we first introduce the concepts of the Lpq-capacity measure and Lp mixed q-capacity and then prove some geometric properties of Lpq-capacity measure and a Lp Minkowski inequality for the q-capacity for any fixed p ⩾ 1 and q > n. As an application of the Lp Minkowski inequality mentioned above, we establish a Hadamard variational formula for the q-capacity under p-sum for any fixed p ⩾ 1 and q > n, which extends results of Akman et al. (Adv. Calc. Var. (in press)). With the Hadamard variational formula, variational method and Lp Minkowski inequality mentioned above, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the Lp Minkowski problem for the q-capacity which extends some beautiful results of Jerison (1996, Acta Math.176, 1–47), Colesanti et al. (2015, Adv. Math.285, 1511–588), Akman et al. (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. (in press)) and Akman et al. (Adv. Calc. Var. (in press)). It is worth mentioning that our proof of Hadamard variational formula is based on Lp Minkowski inequality rather than the direct argument which was adopted by Akman (Adv. Calc. Var. (in press)). Moreover, as a consequence of Lp Minkowski inequality for q-capacity, we get an interesting isoperimetric inequality for q-capacity.
RATIONAL NEARLY SIMPLE GROUPS
Authors: SHAFIEI FARIDEH , DARAFSHEH MOHAMMAD REZA , SHIRJIAN FARROKH
Published: September 2020

A finite group whose irreducible complex characters are rational-valued is called a rational group. The aim of this paper is to determine the rational almost simple and rational quasi-simple groups.
Human seroprevalence data indicate other factors than climatic conditions influencing dirofilariosis transmission in the Russian Federation
Authors: González-Miguel J. , Akhmadishina L.V. , Ruzina M.N. , Kyuregyan K.K. , Mikhailov M.I. , Lukashev A.N.
Published: September 2020

The species of the genus Dirofilaria are filarial parasites causing zoonotic infections in humans with an increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas of the world. Due to its classification as a vector-borne disease, the most important factors influencing dirofilariosis transmission are those related to climate, such as temperature and humidity. However, other factors linked with human behaviour can influence the distribution of the parasite. Although the Russian Federation could be considered as a non-suitable area for Dirofilaria spp. transmission due to its climatic conditions, one third of the human cases of dirofilariosis have been declared in this country. Here, seroepidemiological data on human dirofilariosis for five different regions distributed throughout the Russian Federation (Rostov, Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Yakutia and Khabarovsk) were obtained. A total of 940 serum samples from totally random donors living in these areas were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Dirofilaria immitis immunoglobulin G antibodies. Similar seroprevalence data ranging from 3.41% in Yakutia to 6.95% in Khabarovsk, with no significant correlation with climatic data of yearly average temperature and rainfall from these regions were found. These results suggest that other factors probably related to human behaviour, and not only climatic conditions, might be facilitating the spread of human dirofilariosis in these areas.
Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
Authors: Graepp-Fontoura Iolanda , Soeiro Barbosa David , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa , Fontoura Volmar Morais , Ferreira Adriana Gomes Nogueira , Arrais Sampaio Santos Francisca Aline , Sousa Benedito Salazar , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Santos-Neto Marcelino , dos Santos Leonardo Hunaldo , Abreu-Silva Ana Lúcia
Published: September 2020

Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases are important public health problems due to their zoonotic aspect, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The aim of this this study was to identify spatial patterns in both rates of HVL cases in Brazilian states during the period from 2006 to 2015. This is an ecological study, using geoprocessing tools to create choropleth maps, based on secondary data from open access platforms, to identify priority areas for control actions of the disease. Data were collected in 2017 and analysed according to the global and local Moran's I, using TerraView 4.2.2 software. Similar clusters were observed in neighbouring municipalities in thematic maps of HVL, suggesting spatial similarity in the distribution of the disease in humans mainly in the North and Northeast Regions, which concentrate the states with the highest rates of HVL. Heterogeneous spatial patterns were observed in the distribution of HVL, which show municipalities that need higher priority in the intensification of disease surveillance and control strategies.
Bet hedging and cold-temperature termination of diapause in the life history of the Atlantic salmon ectoparasiteArgulus canadensis
Authors: Lynn Tyler J. , Jeong Ji-Won , Duffy Michael S.
Published: September 2020

Argulus canadensisis a crustacean ectoparasite observed increasingly on wild migrating adult Atlantic salmon. We investigated temperature and salinity tolerance regarding development, survival and hatch ofA. canadensiseggs to help understand spatiotemporal features of transmission.Argulus canadensiseggs differentiate to pharate embryos by 35 days buttheir hatch is protracted to ~7 months. Cold treatment ⩾75 days mimics overwintering and terminates egg diapause, with 84.6% (72.1–100%) metanauplius hatch induced ⩾13 °C and synchronized to 3–4 weeks. Inter- and intra-clutch variability and protracted hatch in the absence of cold-temperature termination of diapause is compatible with bet hedging. Whereas diapause likely promotes phenological synchrony for host colocalization, bet hedging could afford temporal plasticity to promote host encounter during environmental change. Our egg storage and hatch induction/synchronization methodologies can be exploited for empirical investigations. Salinity tolerance reveals both significantly higher embryonic development (94.4 ± 3.5%vs61.7 ± 24.6%) and metanauplius hatch (53.3 ± 7.5%vs10.1 ± 8.2%) for eggs in freshwater than at 17 ppt. Unhatched embryos were alive in freshwater by the end of the trial (213 days) but were dead/dying at 17 ppt. Eggs did not develop at 34 ppt. Salinity tolerance ofA. canadensiseggs supports riverine transmission to adult Atlantic salmon during return to freshwater for mating each year.
Conceptualising state-market-family relationships in comparative research: a conceptual goodness view on defamilization
Authors: ZAGEL HANNAH , LOHMANN HENNING
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of defamilization as a concept for analysing state-market-family relationships in comparative perspective. A paradox has emerged around defamilization in the last decade; its use in empirical large-N research has grown markedly despite mounting criticism in theoretical discussions. Applying criteria of conceptual goodness, we find that the popularity of the concept is based on its high degree of parsimony, theoretical utility and field utility, but that there are problems with the resonance, coherence and differentiation of the concept. We argue that defamilization is most coherent and has greatest utility if the concept’s roots in welfare state theory are fully acknowledged. In our view, this means that defamilization is best understood a) alongside the separate concept of familization, b) as a multidimensional concept in terms of economic and social dependencies in family relationships, and c) as a means of addressing both gender and intergenerational dependencies. Although suitable for operationalization in empirical research, the concept hence imposes high demands regarding the required data and possible analyses.
Evolutionary layout design synthesis of an autonomous greenhouse using product-related dependencies
Authors: Law-Kam Cio Yann-Seing , Ma Yuanchao , Vadean Aurelian , Beltrame Giovanni , Achiche Sofiane
Published: September 2020

The development of autonomous greenhouses has caught the interest of many researchers and industrial considering their potential of offering an optimal environment for the growth of high-quality crops with minimum resources. Since an autonomous greenhouse is a mechatronic system, the consideration of its subsystem (e.g. heating systems) and component (e.g. actuators and sensors) interactions early in the design phase can ease the product development process. Indeed, this consideration could shorten the design process, reduce the number of redesign loops, and improve the performance of the overall mechatronic system. In the case of a greenhouse, it would lead to a higher quality of the crops and a better management of resources. In this work, the layout design of a general autonomous greenhouse is translated into an optimization problem statement while considering product-related dependencies. Then, a genetic algorithm is used to carry out the optimization of the layout design. The methodology is applied to the design of a fully autonomous greenhouse (45 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm) for the growth of plants in space. Although some objectives are conflictual, the developed algorithm proposes a compromise to obtain a near-optimal feasible layout design. The algorithm was also able to optimize the volume of components (occupied space) while considering the energy consumption and the overall mass. Their respective summed values are 2844.32 cm3, which represents 7% of the total volume, 5.86 W, and 655.8 g.
Predictions of coronavirus COVID-19 distinct cases in Pakistan through an artificial neural network
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Muhammad Asad Syed
Published: September 2020

This study presents the main motivation to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic, a major threat to the whole world from the day when it first emerged in China city of Wuhan. Predictions on the number of cases of COVID-19 are crucial in order to prevent and control the outbreak. In this research study, an artificial neural network with rectifying linear unit-based technique is implemented to predict the number of deaths, recovered and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan by using previous data of 137 days of COVID-19 cases from the day 25 February 2020 when the first two cases were confirmed, until 10 July 2020. The collected data were divided into training and test data which were used to test the efficiency of the proposed technique. Furthermore, future predictions have been made by the proposed technique for the next 7 days while training the model on whole available data.
Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other infections
Authors: Chen Mengding , Wei Xin , Wang Zhengguang
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a tremendous impact in China and abroad since its onset in December 2019 and poses a major threat to human health. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of the response to outbreaks. This study reviewed literature data and found that HCWs were at high risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at the early stage of the epidemic, and many factors greatly affected their occupational safety. Although SARS-CoV-2 transmission was controlled in China, the Chinese experience can help protect HCWs from COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.
Public attitude towards quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Song W. , Sawafta F. J. , Ebrahem B. M. , Jebril M. A.
Published: September 2020

Due to the outbreak of the deadly coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), Wuhan was on lockdown for more than 60 days by the state government. This study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of the public on quarantine as a practical approach to halting the spread of COVID-19. An online survey was conducted via WeChat between 10 January 2020 and 10 March 2020 on the general population in Hubei province at the height of the COVID-19 outbreak. In total, 549 respondents participated in the survey. Results revealed that the public displayed significantly strong support towards quarantine throughout the outbreak period, apart from locking people up and using imprisonment legal sanctions against those who failed to comply with the stringent regulations. The support exerted by the public stemmed from the execution of authorised officers to protect the public interest and provision of psychosocial support for those affected. In situations where quarantine could not be imposed, public health policy-makers and government officials should implement an extensive system of psychosocial support to safeguard, instruct and inform frontline public health workers. The public should also be enlisted in an open conversation concerning the ethical utility of restrictive values during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Pull out all the stops: Textual analysis via punctuation sequences
Authors: DARMON ALEXANDRA N. M. , BAZZI MARYA , HOWISON SAM D. , PORTER MASON A.
Published: September 2020

Whether enjoying the lucid prose of a favourite author or slogging through some other writer’s cumbersome, heavy-set prattle (full of parentheses, em dashes, compound adjectives, and Oxford commas), readers will notice stylistic signatures not only in word choice and grammar but also in punctuation itself. Indeed, visual sequences of punctuation from different authors produce marvellously different (and visually striking) sequences. Punctuation is a largely overlooked stylistic feature in stylometry, the quantitative analysis of written text. In this paper, we examine punctuation sequences in a corpus of literary documents and ask the following questions: Are the properties of such sequences a distinctive feature of different authors? Is it possible to distinguish literary genres based on their punctuation sequences? Do the punctuation styles of authors evolve over time? Are we on to something interesting in trying to do stylometry without words, or are we full of sound and fury (signifying nothing)?

In our investigation, we examine a large corpus of documents from Project Gutenberg (a digital library with many possible editorial influences). We extract punctuation sequences from each document in our corpus and record the number of words that separate punctuation marks. Using such information about punctuation-usage patterns, we attempt both author and genre recognition, and we also examine the evolution of punctuation usage over time. Our efforts at author recognition are particularly successful. Among the features that we consider, the one that seems to carry the most explanatory power is an empirical approximation of the joint probability of the successive occurrence of two punctuation marks. In our conclusions, we suggest several directions for future work, including the application of similar analyses for investigating translations and other types of categorical time series.
Concolic Testing in CLP
Authors: MESNARD FRED , PAYET ÉTIENNE , VIDAL GERMÁN
Published: September 2020

Concolic testing is a popular software verification technique based on a combination of concrete and symbolic execution. Its main focus is finding bugs and generating test cases with the aim of maximizing code coverage. A previous approach to concolic testing in logic programming was not sound because it only dealt with positive constraints (by means of substitutions) but could not represent negative constraints. In this paper, we present a novel framework for concolic testing of CLP programs that generalizes the previous technique. In the CLP setting, one can represent both positive and negative constraints in a natural way, thus giving rise to a sound and (potentially) more efficient technique. Defining verification and testing techniques for CLP programs is increasingly relevant since this framework is becoming popular as an intermediate representation to analyze programs written in other programming paradigms.
Verifying Tight Logic Programs with anthem and vampire
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR , LÜHNE PATRICK , SCHAUB TORSTEN
Published: September 2020

This paper continues the line of research aimed at investigating the relationship between logic programs and first-order theories. We extend the definition of program completion to programs with input and output in a subset of the input language of the ASP grounder gringo, study the relationship between stable models and completion in this context, and describe preliminary experiments with the use of two software tools, anthem and vampire, for verifying the correctness of programs with input and output. Proofs of theorems are based on a lemma that relates the semantics of programs studied in this paper to stable models of first-order formulas.
Conflict Generalisation in ASP: Learning Correct and Effective Non-Ground Constraints
Authors: TAUPE RICHARD , WEINZIERL ANTONIUS , FRIEDRICH GERHARD
Published: September 2020

Generalising and re-using knowledge learned while solving one problem instance has been neglected by state-of-the-art answer set solvers. We suggest a new approach that generalises learned nogoods for re-use to speed-up the solving of future problem instances. Our solution combines well-known ASP solving techniques with deductive logic-based machine learning. Solving performance can be improved by adding learned non-ground constraints to the original program. We demonstrate the effects of our method by means of realistic examples, showing that our approach requires low computational cost to learn constraints that yield significant performance benefits in our test cases. These benefits can be seen with ground-and-solve systems as well as lazy-grounding systems. However, ground-and-solve systems suffer from additional grounding overheads, induced by the additional constraints in some cases. By means of conflict minimization, non-minimal learned constraints can be reduced. This can result in significant reductions of grounding and solving efforts, as our experiments show.
Necessity under construction – societal weighing rationality in the appraisal of health care technologies
Authors: Kleinhout-Vliek Tineke , de Bont Antoinette , Boer Bert
Published: September 2020

Health care coverage decisions may employ many different considerations, which are brought together across two phases. The assessment phase examines the available scientific evidence, such as the cost-effectiveness, of the technology. The appraisal then contextualises this evidence to arrive at an (advised) coverage decision, but little is known about how this is done.

In the Netherlands, the appraisal is set up to achieve a societal weighing and is the primary place where need- and solidarity-related (‘necessity’) argumentations are used. To elucidate how the Dutch appraisal committee ‘constructs necessity’, we analysed observations and recordings of two appraisal committee meetings at the National Health Care Institute, the corresponding documents (five), and interviews with committee members and policy makers (13 interviewees in 12 interviews), with attention to specific necessity argumentations.

The Dutch appraisal committee constructs necessity in four phases: (1) allowing explicit criteria to steer the process; (2) allowing patient (representative) contributions to challenge the process; (3) bringing new argumentations in from outside and weaving them together; and (4) formulating recommendations to societal stakeholders. We argue that in these ways, the appraisal committee achieves societal weighing rationality, as the committee actively uses argumentations from society and embeds the decision outcome in society.
Messung der Stimmfrequenz im Paargespräch – Chancen für Diagnostik und Intervention in der Paartherapie
Authors: Bulling Lisanne J. , Bertschi Isabella C. , Stadelmann Céline C. , Niederer Tina , Bodenmann Guy
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die bisherigen empirischen Befunde zur Sprachgrundfrequenz (f0) in Paargesprächen vor und untersucht, wie sich die f0 nach einer experimentellen Stressinduktion im anschließenden spontanen Gespräch zwischen den Partner_innen verändert, wie die f0 mit der verbalen Stressäußerung zusammenhängt und wie sie zwischen den beiden Partner_innen kovariiert. Von 128 heterosexuellen Paaren nahm jeweils eine Person pro Paar am Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) teil. Die dem TSST vorangehende und anschließende naturalistische Interaktion zwischen den Partner_innen wurde gefilmt und nach Gesprächsthema und Art der Stressäußerung kodiert. Wie vorherige Studien zur f0 im Paargespräch zeigte auch die vorliegende Studie, dass die f0 wichtige Informationen über die Partnerschaft enthält. Während eine Erhöhung der f0 in Gesprächen über einen paarinternen Stressor (d.h. bei Konfliktgesprächen) mit negativen Kommunikationsmustern einherging, zeigte die vorliegende Studie, dass die f0 bei Gesprächen über einen paarexternen Stressor (d.h. beim TSST) mit emotionsorientierten Stressäußerungen einherging, also einer für den Stressbewältigungsprozess förderlichen Art der Kommunikation. Die Oszillatorenmodelle zeigen darüber hinaus, dass eine Kopplung der f0 zwischen den Partner_innen besteht, was darauf hindeutet, dass die nicht gestressten Partner_innen auf die paraverbalen Stressäußerungen der gestressten Partner_innen mit ihren eigenen paraverbalen Stressäußerungen reagieren.
Greater Contribution From Agricultural Sources to Future Reactive Nitrogen Deposition in the United States
Authors: Chen Yilin , Shen Huizhong , Shih Jhih‐Shyang , Russell Armistead G. , Shao Shuai , Hu Yongtao , Odman Mehmet Talat , Nenes Athanasios , Pavur Gertrude K. , Zou Yufei , Chen Zhihong , Smith Richard A. , Burtraw Dallas , Driscoll Charles T.
Published: September 2020

Many sensitive ecosystems in areas protected for biodiversity conservation in the United States suffer from exposure to excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) released by fossil fuel combustion and agricultural practices and deposited onto the land surface and water bodies. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied over the contiguous United States to link emissions and climate change to reactive nitrogen deposition by simulating both present‐day and future speciated Nr deposition to protected areas. Future conditions included examining the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate and the Shared Socio‐Economic Pathway 5 emission scenarios. We further identify protected areas that would benefit most from better Nr management strategies by comparing the simulated deposition with multiple critical loads (CLs) for both biodiversity and acidification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Achieved by further NOx emission reductions from the mobile and power generation sectors, future Nr deposition is expected to decrease. However, in regions with intensive fertilizer application or hosting concentrated animal feeding operations, the reduction may be offset by rising agricultural NH3 emissions. The protected areas having CL exceedances in 2050 are expected to increase by 5.5% for empirical lichen‐based CL, and by 11% and 22% for surface water and forest soil acidity, respectively, because of the agricultural NH3 emission increase. By linking the deposition simulations with a water quality model, we identified that atmospheric deposition is the dominant source of nitrogen for several remote watersheds, including several lakes in National Parks and National Wilderness areas in Colorado, Montana, and Minnesota.
Monsoon‐Induced Zonal Asymmetries in Moisture Transport Cause Anomalous Pacific Precipitation Minus Evaporation
Authors: Craig P. M. , Ferreira D. , Methven J.
Published: September 2020

Basin‐integrated precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) in the Pacific is near neutral while the Atlantic shows net evaporation. We link this P − E asymmetry to atmospheric moisture fluxes across the boundaries of the ocean drainage basins. Adopting an objective approach based on a comparison between actual fluxes and a zonally averaged circulation, we show that the asymmetry is dominated by moisture fluxes associated with the monthly mean flow at low latitudes rather than by differences in moisture fluxes into the Southern Ocean and Arctic catchments. In boreal summer, the eastward moisture flux, due to the Asian Summer Monsoon flow, opposes the zonal mean westward flux in the Trade Winds and results in more positive P − E over the Pacific than both the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, even in the annual mean. Our analysis reveals that moisture flux across Southeast Asia, rather than across Central America, is the dominant factor in the P − E asymmetry.
Imprints of COVID‐19 Lockdown on GNSS Observations: An Initial Demonstration Using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry
Authors: Karegar Makan A. , Kusche Jürgen
Published: September 2020

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has imposed tight mobility restrictions in urban areas, causing substantial reduction in roadway traffic. Many public parking lots are nearly vacant as people across the world have gone on lockdown since mid‐March. This environmental change may have impacts on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors installed on roof of buildings. Here, we use a monitoring site in Boston to exemplify a likely sensitivity of precise GNSS sensors to their nearby dynamic environments including parked vehicles in parking lots. We show that reduced number of parked vehicles since 23 March has decreased the reflector roughness, resulting in an increase in the reflected signal power whose amplitude is quantified by GNSS interferometric reflectometry technique. The uncertainty of retrieved GNSS antenna height drops with beginning of lockdown, allowing more accurate estimate of reflector height, which could have a general implication for better understanding of the fundamental limitations of the technique.