bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High NOR-1 (Neuron-Derived Orphan Receptor 1) Expression Strengthens the Vascular Wall Response to Angiotensin II Leading to Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Cañes Laia , Martí-Pàmies Ingrid , Ballester-Servera Carme , Alonso Judith , Serrano Elena , Briones Ana M. , Rodríguez Cristina , Martínez-González José
Published: December 2020

No drug therapy has shown to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth or rupture, and the understanding of the disease biology is incomplete; whereby, one challenge of vascular medicine is the development of good animal models and therapies for this life-threatening condition. The nuclear receptor NOR-1 (neuron-derived orphan receptor 1) controls biological processes involved in AAA; however, whether it plays a role in this pathology is unknown. Through a gain-of-function approach we assessed the impact of NOR-1 expression on the vascular response to Ang II (angiotensin II). We used 2 mouse models that overexpress human NOR-1 in the vasculature, one of them specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells. NOR-1 transgenesis amplifies the response to Ang II enhancing vascular inflammation (production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species), increasing MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity and disturbing elastin integrity, thereby broking the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Ang II-induced AAA. Genes encoding for proteins critically involved in AAA formation (
Il [interleukin]-6
,
Il-1β
,
Cxcl2
, [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2],
Mcp-1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1]
, and
Mmp2
) were upregulated in aneurysmal tissues. Both animal models show a similar incidence and severity of AAA, suggesting that high expression of NOR-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell is a sufficient condition to strengthen the response to Ang II. These alterations, including AAA formation, were prevented by the MMP inhibitor doxycycline. Microarray analysis identified gene sets that could explain the susceptibility of transgenic animals to Ang II-induced aneurysms, including those related with extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory/immune response, sympathetic activity, and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. These results involve NOR-1 in AAA and validate mice overexpressing this receptor as useful experimental models.
Pulse Pressure, Prognosis, and Influence of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Suzuki Kota , Claggett Brian , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Nochioka Kotaro , Mitchell Gary F. , Anand Inder S. , Zannad Faiez , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lefkowitz Martin , Shi Victor , Pfeffer Marc A. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: December 2020

Arterial stiffness is increased with increasing age, and pulse pressure (PP), a marker of arterial stiffness, is a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, the prognostic relevance of PP in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction has not been fully understood. We studied 4796 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction from the PARAGON-HF trial. All patients underwent sequential run-in phases of valsartan and sacubitril/valsartan before randomization. We categorized patients by PP quartile and evaluated the influence of baseline PP on the PARAGON-HF primary end point (total HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular death). At screening, the median PP was 58 mm Hg (interquartile range, 50–69 mm Hg). There was a nonlinear, J-shaped association between PP and outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that patients in the highest PP quartile had a higher risk of the primary end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.14–1.69];
P
=0.001), total HF hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15–1.79];
P
=0.001), and myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.06–2.23];
P
=0.022) compared with those in the second (lowest risk) PP quartile. Reductions in PP during sacubitril/valsartan run-in were associated with a decreased risk of the primary end point and total HF hospitalizations. One year after randomization, PP was significantly lower in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared with the valsartan group (3.0 mm Hg decrease [95% CI, 2.4–3.5];
P
<0.001). In conclusion, PP was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction enrolled in PARAGON-HF. Sacubitril/valsartan lowered PP compared with valsartan.
The Politicisation of Security: Controversy, Mobilisation, Arena Shifting
Authors: Monsees Linda , Slaven Mike , Kopper Ákos , Szalai András , Kroll Stefan
Published: December 2020

This collections of essays engages with the special issue on politicisation that has been prevoiusly published in this journal. It highlights the contribution for the contemporary debate on security studies. The contributions furthermore point out several lines of further research.
Von «grossen Deutschen» und «stolzen Wipfeln» - Die Lehrbücher der deutschen Medizingeschichte und die Pathologie (1858 bis 1945)
Authors: Prüll Cay-Rüdiger
Published: December 2020

Textbooks on German medical history are a valuable source when analyzing the discipline's view on the foundation of scientific medicine. This paper deals with descriptions of the history of pathology found in textbooks between 1858 and 1945: In particular, pathological anatomy and Rudolf Virchow's "cellular pathology" were the cornerstones of the foundation of modern medicine in the 19"* century. The way textbooks deal with the history of pathology mirrors the development of German history of medicine: Since the turn of the century the latter felt devoted to an ahistoric teleological approach which did not change in the "Third Reich". This situation hampered a critical histonography which would show relations of the history of pathology to cultural, social and political history.
13th International Polychaete Conference (IPC13) (Cover)
Authors: ROUSE GREG W. , LINDSAY SARA , PERNET BRUNO
Published: December 2020

Cover
Transformative nototchaetae: larval development and metamorphosis in Chrysopetalum spp. (Chrysopetalinae: Chrysopetalidae: Annelida)

Authors: WATSON CHARLOTTE
Published: December 2020

The morphology of an early nectochaete larva belonging to Chrysopetalum sp. is aligned with that of a planktotrophic larva at a crucial stage of benthic settlement: an entire provisional spinose notochaetal scleritome, large episphere with prostomial nascent sensory structures and larval podia and cirri of the anterior two segments in transition. Morphological sequences of post-larvae and juveniles, common to a number of Chrysopetalum species, indicate that long, slender, provisional, camerate notochaetal spines are replaced during metamorphosis and growth with an entire adult, camerate notochaetal scleritome consisting of broad paleae with internal, longitudinal ribs. The Chrysopetalum sp. six segment larva supports achaetous notopodia I and chaetous notopodia II, each with a pair of dorsal cirri, ie. 4 cirri in total; segment II has acirrose neuropodia. Individuals of post-larvae and juvenile Chrysopetalum species, 8–15 segments, possess a total of 6 cirri on segments I and II: segment I with a pair of tentacular dorsal cirri and the formation of a pair of tentacular ventral cirri, and segment II comprising a pair of dorsal cirri, spinous notochaetae and acirrose neuropodia. During metamorphosis the acirrous neuropodia of segment II are reabsorbed and replaced in stages with a pair of ventral tentacular cirri until the adult state is achieved: achaetous segment 1 with two pairs of tentacular cirri and segment II similar, ie. total of 8 cirri. The cirri arrangement of segments I and II before final metamorphosis in post-larval stages of Chrysopetalum species is, interestingly, that described for adults in the majority of other Chrysopetalinae taxa. Ontogenetic developmental processes of formation and loss of acirrose neuropodia and replacement of spinose larval notochaetae with adult paleae observed in Chrysopetalum species are compared with species of other taxa of the Chrysopetalinae.
Obituary: William John Haugen Light (1938–2020)

Authors: BLAKE JAMES A. , CARLTON JAMES T. , KUDENOV JERRY D.
Published: December 2020

William John Haugen (Bill) Light (Fig. 1) was born on 05 January 1938 in Waco, McLennan County, Texas USA, and died on 18 January 2020 in Marietta, Georgia, at the age of 82. He was buried in the Georgia National Cemetery, Canton, GA. As an infant, he was adopted by Col. Orin Haugen and his wife Marion Sargent. Colonel Haugen died in February 1945 at the battle for Manilla in the Philippines in World War II. Later, upon Marion’s remarriage, Bill’s surname was changed to Light. Bill’s mother Marion passed away in 1969.
Obituary: Robert Eugene Ruff (1947–2017)

Authors: BLAKE JAMES A. , DUTCH MARGARET , MACIOLEK NANCY J.
Published: December 2020

Robert Eugene Ruff (Fig. 1A) was born on 13 April 1947 in Allendale, Michigan, USA, and died on 26 November 2017 at his home in Puyallup, Washington, at the age of 70. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to the State of Washington where he lived for much of his life. He graduated from Clover Park High School, Tacoma, WA, in 1965 and subsequently attended the University of Washington, where he graduated with a B.S. in Biological Oceanography in 1971. While a student at the University of Washington, he married his high school sweetheart, Lorraine Marie Charlton on 17 July 1968.
Interannual to Decadal Variability of Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature: Pacific Influence versus Local Internal Variability
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Gang , Newman Matthew , Han Weiqing
Published: December 2020

The Indian Ocean has received increasing attention for its large impacts on regional and global climate. However, sea surface temperature (SST) variability arising from Indian Ocean internal processes has not been well understood particularly on decadal and longer time scales, and the external influence from the tropical Pacific has not been quantified. This paper analyzes the interannual-to-decadal SST variability in the tropical Indian Ocean in observations and explores the external influence from the Pacific versus internal processes within the Indian Ocean using a linear inverse model (LIM). Coupling between Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific SST anomalies (SSTAs) is assessed both within the LIM dynamical operator and the unpredictable stochastic noise that forces the system. Results show that the observed Indian Ocean basin (IOB)-wide SSTA pattern is largely a response to the Pacific ENSO forcing, although it in turn has a damping effect on ENSO especially on annual and decadal time scales. On the other hand, the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is an Indian Ocean internal mode that can actively affect ENSO; ENSO also has a returning effect on the IOD, which is rather weak on decadal time scale. The third mode is partly associated with the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD), and it is primarily generated by Indian Ocean internal processes, although a small component of it is coupled with ENSO. Overall, the amplitude of Indian Ocean internally generated SST variability is comparable to that forced by ENSO, and the Indian Ocean tends to actively influence the tropical Pacific. These results suggest that the Indian–Pacific Ocean interaction is a two-way process.
The prevalence of problematic internet use among a sample of Egyptian adolescents and its psychiatric comorbidities
Authors: Khalil Sherien Ahmed , Kamal Hadeer , Elkholy Hussien
Published: December 2020

Background:

Problematic internet use has been identified in the last decade as a rising problem due to growing availability and impact of Internet use through social media, mobiles, and laptops are now a must in life, adolescents are most vulnerable for the misuse and its impacts.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of problematic internet use, Facebook, and gaming addiction among Egyptian adolescents and its impact.

Methods:

The study assessed 700 adolescents aged from 14 to 18 years, both sexes, using Young internet addiction test, Internet gaming disorder scale, the Bergen Facebook addiction scale, the MINI international neuropsychiatry interview for children and adolescents and the socioeconomic status scale.

Results:

A total of 584 students continued the study to the end with response rate more than 75%, the mean age was 16.1 = 1.2, 65.6% were having internet addiction, 61.3% were gaming addicts, and 92.8% Facebook addicts. Depression, dysthymia, suicide, social anxiety panic, and phobias were common comorbidities in addicted adolescents.

Conclusion:

This study shows that a significant percentage of adolescents are having different patterns of problematic internet use which is negatively impacting their mental health.
Formal Caregiver Burden in Nursing Homes: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kunkle Rachel , Chaperon Claudia , Berger Ann M.
Published: December 2020

Formal caregivers in nursing homes provide care to vulnerable older adults with chronic conditions. Caregiver burden affects formal caregivers. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore formal caregiver burden among nursing staff in nursing homes. Specific aims were to gain an understanding of the attributes, definitions, measures, and primary outcomes. A systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase was completed. The sample included 19 articles, which were published in English between January 1980 and April 2020. Attributes varied; however, perceived stress was frequently identified, consistent with the formal caregiver burden definition. Psychometric measures employed in the studies indicated heterogeneity. Primary outcomes included differences in burden, resident behavior, occupational and personal factors, and resident care. Research is needed to gain an understanding of this recently defined concept. Formal caregiver burden in nursing homes has emerged as a priority for research during the pandemic with new challenges and guidelines.
Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Venkatesan Velprashanth , Khess Christoday R J , Shreekantiah Umesh , Goyal Nishant , Kshitiz K. K.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls.

Method:

A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed.

Results:

The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.
Prologue: History, Themes, Analysis, and Rationale
Authors: Giles Howard , Hansen Karolina , Angus Daniel , Gallois Cindy
Published: December 2020

In this Special Issue, we commemorate 40 years of publishing research in the Journal of Language & Social Psychology (JLSP). We first provide a brief glimpse of the history of the field of language and social psychology and the emergence of JLSP within it. This is then developed further by exploring the themes—and the relationships between them—arising over the four decades of the journal, by means of a Leximancer analysis of the titles and abstracts of all research articles since the journal’s inception. We describe our data-driven rationale for the topics selected for the Anniversary Issue and provide an overview of the articles that follow this Prologue; we highlight their unique features and contributions to the advancement of the field of language and social psychology.
Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats
Authors: De las Heras Marcelo , Reséndiz Raúl Armando , González-Sáinz José María , Ortín Aurora
Published: December 2020

Contagious respiratory tumors of sheep and goats are epithelial neoplasms of the lung and nasal cavities. They are associated with oncogenic betaretroviruses known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor retrovirus of sheep and goats. We investigated the presence of the envelope protein (ENV) of these retroviruses in retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes using a specific monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry methods, single-labeled or combined with ovine B or T lymphocytes or macrophage cell markers. Samples of lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and zinc fixative, were obtained from paraffin-embedded material. Four groups of samples were used: 24 natural cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), 13 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep (ENAS), 19 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats (ENAG), and 14 control samples. ENV was detected by single labeling in cortical lymphoid follicles. Six of 24 OPA samples were positive and only in those from sheep with extensive neoplasia. Immunolabeling was detected in 5/13 ENAS and 10/19 ENAG samples. Positive labeling was found either in the intercellular spaces, membranes, or cytoplasm of cells in follicles. Control samples were not correspondingly labeled. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-labeling of ENV and CD21 (B cells and follicular dendritic cells) in all samples, CD14 (macrophage) in OPA samples, and Pax-5 (B cells) in ENAG samples, but not with CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes). These results demonstrate the presence of betaretrovirus ENV proteins in nontumor cells in regional lymph nodes in sheep and goats with contagious respiratory tumors.
Championing Change to Save Lives: A Call to Action to Implement Reforms to Increase Use of Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder in Correctional Settings
Authors: Canzater Sonia L. , LaBelle Regina M.
Published: December 2020

The disproportional rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) in U.S. correctional facilities make them prime intervention points to treat OUD utilizing medication to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD), the evidence-based clinical standard of care. MOUD has been shown to be effective to support recovery and reduce recurrence of OUD, overdose deaths, and recidivism for justice-involved persons both while incarcerated and once they reenter their communities. Despite the high prevalence, most jails and prisons do not offer MOUD. Litigation has spurred expanded access in more facilities, but widespread MOUD access can only become a reality through a comprehensive effort of corrections officials, medical experts, advocates, legislators, and other champions to raise awareness and affect ideological and policy change. It is a legal and ethical imperative that the lives of justice-involved persons not be jeopardized by the lack of evidence-based treatment for OUD in correctional settings.
Whole blood ultrastructural alterations by mercury, nickel and manganese alone and in combination: An ex vivo investigation
Authors: Maseko PB , van Rooy M , Taute H , Venter C , Serem JC , Oberholzer HM
Published: December 2020

The distribution of metals across the environment is increasingly becoming a major concern as they not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to humans and animals. Human exposure to heavy metals often occurs as a combination of metals the synergistic effects of which can be more toxic than a single metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects that the metals mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) alone and in combination have on erythrocyte morphology and other components of the coagulation system using the haemolysis assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Human blood was exposed to the heavy metals ex vivo, and percentage haemolysis was determined. Ultrastructural analysis of erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin networks was performed using SEM. Analysis of phosphatidylserine (PS) flip-flop was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. At the highest concentration of 10,000× the World Health Organization safety limit, all the metals caused haemolysis. The results showed that the exposure of erythrocytes to Hg alone and in combination with other metals displayed more haemolysis compared to Ni and Mn alone and in combination. Components of the coagulation system showed ultrastructural changes, including the formation of echinocytes and the activation of platelets with all single metals as well as the combinations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis showed the presence of PS on the outer surface of the echinocytes that were exposed to metals alone and in combination. It can, therefore, be concluded that these heavy metals have a negative impact on erythrocytes and the coagulation system.
A non-linear model for elastic hysteresis in the time domain: Computational procedure
Authors: Dwaikat MMS , Spitas C , Spitas V
Published: December 2020

Hysteretic damping of a material or structure loaded within its elastic region is the dissipation of mechanical energy at a rate independent of the frequency of vibration while at the same time directly proportional to the square of the displacement. Generally, reproducing this frequency-independent damping can be computationally complex and requires prior knowledge of the system’s natural frequencies or the full time history of the system’s response. In this paper, a new model and numerical procedure are proposed whereby hysteretic material damping is achieved in the time domain. The proposed procedure is developed based on modifying the viscous model through a correction factor calculated exclusively using the local response. The superiority of the proposed approach lies in its ability to capture material hysteresis without any knowledge of the eigen- or modal frequencies of the system and without knowledge of the past time history of the system’s response or the characteristics of any excitation forces. A numerical procedure is also presented for implementing the proposed model in vibration analysis. The simplicity of the approach enables its generalisation to continuous systems and to systems of multi-degrees of freedom as demonstrated herein. The proposed model is presented as a correction to the viscous damping model which makes it attractive to implement into commercial finite element package using user-defined element subroutines as demonstrated in this study.
Class imbalance in gradient boosting classification algorithms: Application to experimental stroke data
Authors: Lyashevska Olga , Malone Fiona , MacCarthy Eugene , Fiehler Jens , Buhk Jan-Hendrik , Morris Liam
Published: December 2020

Imbalance between positive and negative outcomes, a so-called class imbalance, is a problem generally found in medical data. Imbalanced data hinder the performance of conventional classification methods which aim to improve the overall accuracy of the model without accounting for uneven distribution of the classes. To rectify this, the data can be resampled by oversampling the positive (minority) class until the classes are approximately equally represented. After that, a prediction model such as gradient boosting algorithm can be fitted with greater confidence. This classification method allows for non-linear relationships and deep interactive effects while focusing on difficult areas by iterative shifting towards problematic observations. In this study, we demonstrate application of these methods to medical data and develop a practical framework for evaluation of features contributing into the probability of stroke.
C6 Cell Injection into the Optic Nerve of Long-Evans Rats: A Short-Term Model of Optic Pathway Gliomas
Authors: Singh Deepti , Dromel Pierre C. , Perepelkina Tatiana , Baranov Petr , Young Michael
Published: December 2020

The optic pathway glioma (OPG) is a slow-growing brain tumor that arises along the optic nerve or its downstream connections and causing vision to gradually worsen with time. This tumor forms in children with a genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), causing tumors to grow on nerves. In normal conditions, glial cells are there to support and protect nerve cells but, in NF1-OPG, glial cells have a genetic defect and grow out of control forming a tumor called a glioma. There are no rat models of NF1-OPG that can be used to explore various treatment options, and mouse models make interventional studies difficult due to their small eye size. We have created a model in which to study the progression of tumor growth in the optic nerve and establish the anatomical and functional consequences of the model and determine its suitability to serve as a surrogate for human disease. C6 rat glioma cells were injected into the optic nerve of Long-Evans rats and allowed to proliferate for 2 weeks. The eye clearly showed proptosis and lens opacity was observed, likely due to increased intraocular pressure caused by growing tumors. Hematoxylin–eosin staining showed marked cellularity, with hyperchromatism and pleomorphism. There was prominent area of necrosis with neoplastic cells palisading around the penumbra. Immunostaining with markers such as S100, β-tubulin III, Foxp3, CD45, Vimentin, and Ki67 confirmed low-grade tumor formation, with a mild immune response. Our results show the utility of a surgically induced rat model of OPG that may be used for exploring various treatment options for NF1 ocular tumors.
Antisemitic conspiracy fantasy in the age of digital media: Three ‘conspiracy theorists’ and their YouTube audiences
Authors: Allington Daniel , Buarque Beatriz L , Barker Flores Daniel
Published: December 2020

Conspiracy fantasy or – to use the more common but less accurately descriptive term – ‘conspiracy theory’ is an enduring genre of discourse historically associated with authoritarian political movements. This article presents a literature review of research on conspiracy fantasy as well as two empirical studies of YouTube videos by three leading conspiracy fantasists. Two of these fantasists have been linked to the far right, while one maintains connections to figures on the far right and the far left. The first study employs content analysis of the 10 most popular videos uploaded by each of the three, and the second employs corpus analysis of keywords in comments posted on all videos uploaded by the three fantasists. Jewish-related entities such as Israel, Zionists and the Rothschild family are found to be among the entities most frequently accused of conspiracy in the videos. Conspiracy accusations against other Western nations (especially the United States and the United Kingdom), as well as their leaders and their media, were also common. Jewish-related lexical items such as ‘Zionist’, ‘Zionists’, ‘Rothschild’ and ‘Jews’ are found to be mentioned with disproportionate frequency in user comments. These findings would appear to reflect the conspiracy fantasy genre’s continuing proximity to its roots in the European antisemitic tradition and add weight to existing findings suggesting that the active YouTube audience responds to latently antisemitic content with more explicitly antisemitic comments.
Book review: Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter, The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results
Authors: Sharma Tanuja
Published: December 2020

Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter, The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results. Harvard Business Review Press, 2018, p. 238, USD 30 (Hardback). ISBN: 9781633693425.
Orthodontic Management of a Palatal Fistula in a Patient With Pierre Robin Sequence Using 3D Intraoral Scanning and Computer-Aided Design
Authors: Wang Jue , Ho Viet , Kau Chung How
Published: December 2020

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a rare congenital abnormality that may be classified as a first branchial arch syndrome. Patients with PRS who present with cleft palate have a deformity to the soft or hard palate of the maxilla that is repaired within the first year of birth. Despite the repair, patients may experience oronasal complications. Surgical repair is usually necessary if palatal fistula presents, and prosthetic obturators are used to provide temporary relief prior to surgery. This case report outlines the steps in the successful fabrication of a custom-fitted temporary vacuum-formed prosthetic obturator using computer-aided design technology to provide a more comfortable and effective treatment option for the patient.
A Public–Private Networking and Partnership Model: The Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science
Authors: Strode Derick B. , Roberts Julia Link , Breedlove Lynette
Published: December 2020

This article profiles public–private partnerships and networks established by the public, residential, STEM-focused Carol Martin Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science in Kentucky. Authors discuss relationships and partnerships cultivated to extend student learning opportunities beyond what public support provides. The article focuses first on key partnerships that were imagined when the program was created, profiling how these relationships have evolved in the program’s first 12 years. These foundational partnerships include the program’s integration with Western Kentucky University and a model designed to partner with every school district in the state. The authors then take a wider view of program partnerships, spotlighting relationships within the program’s portfolio of philanthropic networking, external funding, and corporate partnerships. The network of partnerships profiled includes strategies to endow summer internship programs, need-based scholarship funding, and to provide a rounded arts education in a STEM-focused learning environment.
An Administrators’ Association Partnership Translates to Gifted Education Advocacy
Authors: Robinson Ann
Published: December 2020

A formal partnership between a state-level umbrella association of educational administrators and one of its constituent associations, the association of gifted education administrators, has resulted in successful legislative and policy advocacy for gifted education. The formal partnership encouraged leaders of the gifted education professional community to identify as administrators and to collaborate with superintendents, principals, and other central office administrators. For the past three decades, this unique partnership has flourished and provides a model that other states can adapt to their context. In addition to the formal administrative association partnership, an informal partnership operates between two state gifted education associations (one focused on gifted education coordinators and administrators; the other focused on teachers and parents) and the umbrella organization of central office and building level educational administrators in the state. A key feature of the formal partnership is shared governance between the umbrella association and its 12 member associations, one of which comprises gifted education administrators. The informal partnership is linked by advocacy and policy development initiated by the salaried Legislative Advocate and a standing Legislative committee that includes the presidents of the state association for gifted education administrators and the president of the teacher and parent association. The benefits of the formal partnership and suggestions for initiating such a partnership in other states are discussed. The complexities of the informal partnership are explored.
Partnerships: Austin Public Schools
Authors: Alberts John
Published: December 2020

This article provides a description of partnerships with Austin Public Schools supporting gifted education and the lessons learned.
Patterns of Surveillance, Control, and Abuse Among a Diverse Sample of Intimate Partner Abuse Survivors
Authors: Dardis Christina M. , Ahrens Courtney , Howard Rebecca L. , Mechanic Mindy B.
Published: December 2020

Using a mixed-methods design, the present study examined intimate partner surveillance among a diverse sample of intimate partner abuse (IPA) survivors ( n = 246), including women of Mexican ( n = 83), Korean ( n = 50), Vietnamese ( n = 49), and European descent ( n = 64). Most survivors (57%) described surveillance in either survey or interview; inductive thematic analysis revealed seven forms of surveillance. Finally, two-step cluster analysis identified two patterns of victimization most clearly differentiated by surveillance, but ethnic group differences in rates and patterns of abuse did not emerge. Implications for both clinicians and researchers are discussed.
Crisis and Water Services: How a 2007 Public Health Emergency in Finland Helped Shape Its Response to COVID-19
Authors: Katko Tapio S. , Hukka Jarmo J.
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at shedding light on the significance of water epidemics and their potential positive impacts on improving preparedness in water and sanitation services. We explore the water epidemic of Nokia in 2007 and preparedness-related reactions since then. The corona case confirms the fundamental role of clean water for well-being in communities, the need for sound management of water services to proactively promote public health, as well as the need for expanding conventional water and environmental engineering education and research to offer more holistic views.
The Effect of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibition on Kynurenine Metabolism and Cognitive Function in the APP23 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sorgdrager FJH , van Der Ley CP , van Faassen M , Calus E , Nollen EA , Kema IP , van Dam D , De Deyn PP
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive endogenous neurotoxicity and hampered inflammatory regulation. The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, which is controlled by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), produces neuroactive and anti-inflammatory metabolites. Age-related Kyn pathway activation might contribute to AD pathology in humans, and inhibition of TDO was found to reduce AD-related cellular toxicity and behavioral deficits in animal models. To further explore the effect of aging on the Kyn pathway in the context of AD, we analyzed Kyn metabolite profiles in serum and brain tissue of the APP23 amyloidosis mouse model. We found that aging had genotype-independent effects on Kyn metabolite profiles in serum, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas serum concentrations of many Kyn metabolites were reduced in APP23 mice. Next, to further establish the role of TDO in AD-related behavioral deficits, we investigated the effect of long-term pharmacological TDO inhibition on cognitive performance in APP23 mice. Our results indicated that TDO inhibition reversed recognition memory deficits without producing measurable changes in cerebral Kyn metabolites. TDO inhibition did not affect spatial learning and memory or anxiety-related behavior. These data indicate that age-related Kyn pathway activation is not specific for humans and could represent a cross-species phenotype of aging. These data warrant further investigation on the role of peripheral Kyn pathway disturbances and cerebral TDO activity in AD pathophysiology.
Predicting Responses to Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lymphoma: Are We Up to the Standards of Solid Tumors?
Authors: Jeong Ah-Reum , Ball Edward D , Goodman Aaron Michael
Published: December 2020

Treatment of cancer has transformed with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors. However, the majority of solid tumor patients do not respond to checkpoint blockade. In contrast, the response rate to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is 65% to 84% which is the highest among all cancers. Currently, checkpoint inhibitors are only approved for cHL and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma as the responses to single-agent checkpoint blockade in other hematologic malignancies is disappointingly low. Various established biomarkers such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein surface expression, mismatch repair (MMR) status, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are routinely used in clinical decision-making in solid tumors. In this review, we will explore these biomarkers in the context of hematologic malignancies. We review characteristic 9p24.1 structural alteration in cHL and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) as a basis for response to PD-1 inhibition, as well as the role of antigen presentation pathways. We also explore the reported frequencies of MMR deficiency in various hematologic malignancies and investigate TMB as a predictive marker.
Holding on to voters in volatile times: Bonding voters through party links with civil society
Authors: Martin Nick , de Lange Sarah L , van der Brug Wouter
Published: December 2020

Political parties are increasingly confronted with electoral volatility. However, the support for some parties is more stable than that of others. Although it has been established that parties’ links to civil society stabilised their electorates in the period until the 1980s, it has not yet been investigated whether such links still fulfil this function in our volatile age. In this paper, we argue that traditional party connections, as well as links to modern day civil society organisations, continue to tie voters to parties. Using a novel dataset covering 149 parties in 29 elections in 14 West European countries, we establish that parties with stronger links to civil society do indeed have a more stable support base. This relationship holds for parties of the left and right. Our results demonstrate that parties’ societal embeddedness continues to play a role in understanding party competition in the 21st century.
A damage detection procedure using two major signal processing techniques with the artificial neural network on a scaled jacket offshore platform
Authors: Mansouri Nejad Nakisa , Beheshti Aval Seyed Bahram , Maldar Mohammad , Asgarian Behrouz
Published: December 2020

With the help of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods, it is possible to identify the occurrence of damage at its early stages and prevent fatality and financial damages. Great advances in signal processing methods in combination with Machine learning tools have led to better achieve this goal. In the present paper, the two major techniques, that is, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are combined with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) through processing raw acceleration responses measured on a scaled jacket type offshore platform which was constructed and tested as a benchmark structure at K.N. Toosi University of Technology. In this way, ANN was trained by the signals obtained from EMD and DWT for three different conditions of the jacket platform to determine the relative damage severity. The envelope of the obtained signal’s energy (ENV) as an appropriate damage index was used to determine the damage location. The results of the application of this procedure on the case study indicated that DWT, compared to EMD, is a more reliable signal processing method in damage detection due to better noise reduction.
Wilding liability in education: Introducing the concept of wide risk as counterpoint to narrow-risk-driven educative practice
Authors: Beeman Chris
Published: December 2020

Consideration of risk and liability in outdoor educative practice has normally been limited to the narrow risks, usually to physical health, of incidents that can cause a particular injury. In this view of risk management, the more readily controlled the circumstance, the less likelihood of risk and consequent liability. Thus, to reduce risk, learning in the natural world is often avoided because it occurs in far more complex and less controllable contexts than human-created ones. However, wider and more grave risks to physical, emotional and mental health that may accrue through a life that is lived in separation from the natural world are not often considered or evaluated. In part, this may be because these kinds of risks are less immediately evident, and liability for negative outcomes may be more difficult to measure. Thus, there is less incentive to consider them. However, delayed outcomes are still outcomes. To consider easily discerned narrow risk alone, while ignoring more complex and longer-term wide risk, is no excuse for avoiding the ethical responsibility that public education carries to provide both the safest and most fecund context for learning. This paper introduces the concept of wide risk as a counterpoint to the narrow risk calculations now performed, and argues that in incorporating an understanding of wide risk in educative practice, at least two results are likely. The first is that learning outdoors will frequently be discovered to be a less risky alternative, if a broad range of outcomes over time are considered. The second is that the value of embracing risk in all aspects of learning ought to become a part of the learning process, and part of what is taught in public schools.
Snap-Send-Share-Story: A Methodological Approach to Understanding Urban Residents’ Household Food Waste Group Stories in The Hague (Netherlands)
Authors: Trevenen-Jones Ann (Ann) , Cho Min J. , Thrivikraman Jyothi , Vicherat Mattar Daniela
Published: December 2020

Rich understandings of the phenomenon, urban household food waste (HFW), are critical to realizing the vision of sustainable, inclusive human settlement. In 2018/19, an exploratory study of HFW perceptions and practices of a diversity of urban residents, was conducted in the Bezuidenhout neighborhood, The Hague (Netherlands). Nineteen participants, communicating in one of three languages, as per their preference, participated through-out this visually enhanced study. The sequential “Snap-Send-Share-Story” qualitative, participatory action research (PAR) inspired methodology, employed in the study, is introduced in this paper. Focus groups (“Story”) which resourced and followed photovoice individual interviews (“Snap-Send-Share”) are principally emphasized. Three focus groups were conducted viz. Dutch (n = 7), English (n = 7) and Arabic (n = 5), within a narrative, photo elicitation style. Explicit and tacit, sensitive, private and seemingly evident yet hard to succinctly verbalize interpretations of HFW—shared and contested—were expressed through group stories. Participants accessed a stream of creativity, from photographing HFW in the privacy of their homes to co-constructing stories in the social research space of focus groups. Stories went beyond the content of the photographs to imagine zero HFW. This approach encouraged critical interaction, awareness of HFW, reflexive synthesis of meaning and deliberations regard social and ecological action.
Scrutiny of entropy optimized tangent hyperbolic fluid (non-Newtonian) through perturbation and numerical methods between heated plates
Authors: Khan M Ijaz , Nazeer Mubbashar , Shehzad Nasir , Saleem Adila , Ahmad Fayyaz
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Many methods have been used to maximize the capacity of heat transport. A constant pressure gradient or the motion of the wall can be used to increase the heat transfer rate and minimize entropy. The main goal of our investigation is to develop a mathematical model of a non-Newtonian fluid bounded within a parallel geometry. Minimization of entropy generation within the system also forms part of our objective.

Method:

Perturbation theory is applied to the nonlinear complex system of equations to obtain a series solution. The regular perturbation method is used to obtain analytical solutions to the resulting dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A numerical scheme (the shooting method) is also used to validate the series solution obtained.

Results:

The flow and temperature of the fluid are accelerated as functions of the non-Newtonian parameter (via the power-law index). The pressure gradient parameter escalates the heat and volume flux fields. The energy loss due to entropy increases via the viscous heating parameter. A diminishing characteristic is predicted for the wall shear stress that occurs at the bottom plate versus the time-constant parameter. The Reynolds number suppresses the volume flux field.
C’est quoi post-truth, new era or time-immemorial? Conceptual reflections for democracy, power and free speech
Authors: Asardag Dilara , Donders Karen
Published: December 2020

As the hyped concept of post-truth began occupying various discourses of politicians, commentators and journalists in the recent years especially in the West, this article attempts to bring a critical reflection to the concept by carrying out an integrative literature review. Our aim is to critically examine and analyse the literature and main perspectives and relationships of the issue. Therefore, different perspectives of scholars and journalists who are well-versed in their domain/tradition are combined and integrated together. On the grounds that the emerging themes create a broader dichotomy and a field of tension between two broader views- post-truth as a new era and post-truth as time-immemorial or post-truth as unfolding through the years, the article will be divided into two main sections. This will be followed by further critical elaboration and discussion on the responses being taken regarding the “truth” of the “post-truth” phenomenon principally from the perspective of democracy, power and free speech.