bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دبلوماسية إقليم كوردستان في حل المشاكل المائية مع دول الجوار(2014-2020)
Authors: حسن ميران حسين , رحمان هژار عثمان , عثمان بێستون عبدالمجید
Published: May 2022

ان المشاكل المائية تعد من المشاكل الرئيسية والتي تعاني منها دول العالم  في الوقت الحاضر بسبب التغييرات المناخية وانخفاض معدلات الامطار على مستوى العالم ،مما دفع جميع الدول بترشيد استهلاك المياه وانشاء المشاريع المائية. وان العراق واقليم كوردستان تعانيان من مشكلة قيام كل من ايران وتركيا بانشاء المشاريع المياه على المصادر المائية والتي تدخل العراق ،مما يتطلب جهود دبلوماسية كبيرة لحل هذه المشكلة، وان اقليم كوردستان باعتباره كيان قانوني ودستوري ان يمارس دورا في حل المشاكل  مع الدول المجاورة في كافة المجالات لما يمتلكه مع ادوات ضغط على الدول ووجود علاقات متميزة بين الاقليم وهذه الدول.
New Theories of Federalism System, Indian Republic Model
Authors: Findi Hakar A.
Published: May 2022

Co-operative federalism is a model of intergovernmental relations that recognizes the overlapping functions of the national and state governments. This model can be contrasted with the model of dual federalism, which maintains that the national and state governments have distinct and separate government functions. In general, co-operative federalism asserts that governmental power is not concentrated at any governmental level or in any agency. Instead, the national and state governments share power. For instance, bureaucratic agencies at the national and state level normally carry out governmental programs jointly. Because the governments’ responsibilities are split between many levels of government, citizens and organized interests have many access points to influence public policy.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Marketing Performance:
Authors: Hamad Zana O. , Rashid Pshtiwan T. , Ahmed Rzgar H.
Published: May 2022

Technology advancement has  supported the market performance around the world even in the developing world. Moreover, firms in the market seek finding best means to reach to customers and also develop their business gradually and efficiently. This study is a quantitative study, the survey aims to identify and clarify how information and communication technology affect marketing performance at Majid Mall in Sulaimania. The survey has close-ended question, seeking the answers of the questions aimed at examining all of the hypotheses tested in this study. The research community in this study consisted of employees at Majid mall supermarket in Sulemani. This survey is descriptive and correlational. This survey was a random sampling for employees in Majid mall, in which 120 participants from the administrative staff of the mall have taken part voluntarily.  For analyzing the collected empirical data the researchers used the software package for statistical analysis SPSS V.21 and for testing all hypotheses through the regression method. The results showed that the statistical process of hypothesis testing has revealed the remarkable role of ICT based on using (network, database, and software) is the greatest significance where (Beta= 0.366, Sig= 0.004) it positively and straightway retreats on marketing performance. The researchers recommend improving ICT facilities in Majid mall shopping for the sake of improving their market performance in the long-run. Moreover, it supports employee's development in terms of quantity, quality, and promotes the ICT culture through the formulation and implementation of more frequent technology-specific training programs for their staff.
Life Writing During a Pandemic: Making Sense of the “New Normal” in Lockdown Extended: Corona Chronicles (2020)
Authors: Barure Walter K. , Tivenga Doreen R.
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the bourgeoning Covid-19 life narratives written by South African authors, who narrate their ordeals and the “new normal” in a bid to make sense of the impact of the pandemic through the lens of their everyday experiences that are different to those mediatised in mainstream media. Through a close reading and textual analysis of three personal narratives, we discuss how they reconstruct the first lockdown in South Africa, and take stock of the situation by confronting an immediate and distant past, daily acts of survival, private lives and imagined futures. The article also considers how the narrators envision themselves as vulnerable subjects, hence uniquely capturing the intense mood of the lockdown and how it led to a renewed interest in life writing.
Opsomming
Hierdie artikel fokus op die florerende Covid-19-lewensvertellings deur Suid-Afrikaanse outeurs waarin hulle hul beproewinge en die “nuwe normaal” weergee in 'n poging om sin te maak van die uitwerking van die pandemie, deur die lens van hulle alledaagse ervarings wat verskil van die ervarings wat in die hoofstroommedia uitgebeeld word. Na die noukeurige lees en tekstuele ontleding van drie persoonlike narratiewe, bespreek ons hoe hierdie outeurs die eerste inperkingstyd in Suid-Afrika gerekonstrueer het, die situasie krities in oënskou geneem het deur die onmiddellike en verre verlede, daaglikse oorlewingsaksies, privaat lewens en verbeelde toekoms gekonfronteer het. Die artikel neem ook die feit in ag dat die vertellers hulleself as weerlose persone sien, en vang gevolglik op ’n unieke wyse die intense gemoedstemming van die grendeltyd, en hoe dit tot hernieude belangstelling in die skryf oor die lewe gelei het, vas.
Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in a post-COVID patient leading to cytomegalovirus pneumonia and colitis
Authors: Sachan Shikha , Singh Ashok Kumar , Shukla Aditya Nath
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 is a severe disease characterized by a multifactorial immunodeficient state in critically ill patients who have had no prior immunodeficiencies. Much of the mortality in COVID has been attributed to an unprecedented high number of secondary coinfections ranging from bacterial pneumonia to opportunistic infections such as invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Case reports reporting reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are scanty. To the best of our knowledge, we describe one of the very few cases of a previously immunocompetent healthy individual who suffered from reactivation of CMV infection and involvement of invasive infection (CMV pneumonia and CMV colitis).
The Helicates: Structural Principles and Supramolecular Properties
Authors: Williams Alan F.
Published: May 2022

The structural principles involved in the construction of polynuclear helical complexes are reviewed. Some properties of the helicates show significant differences from related mononuclear complexes as a result of the mechanical coupling between metal centres.
Supramolecular Chemistry with Chiral Pyridine-Type Ligands
Authors: Bark Thomas , Von Zelewsky Alex
Published: May 2022

Chiral pyridine-type ligands are readily available in enantiomerically pure form from enantiopure natural products via a Kröhnke reaction. The ease of synthesis allows numerous variations of the ligands which all display a particular coordination behavior. By these means,
it is possible to synthesize 'tunable' series of molecules. Thus, mononuclear, as well as self-assembled polynuclear species can be obtained in enantiopure form. With these ligands, a significant step towards the systematic development of stereoselective synthesis in coordination chemistry
was achieved, leading to a class of compounds that hold interest for various kinds of applications.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted 2,3,4,4a,5,10b-Hexahydro-benz[h]isoquinoline-6(1H)-ones as 5-HT2C Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Stadler Heinz , Wichmann Jürgen , Sleight Andrew J. , Bös Michael
Published: May 2022

A series of cis and trans configured 2,3,4,4a,5,10b-hexahydro-benz[h]isoquinoline-6(1H)-ones 2 were studied with respect to the binding affinity to the 5-HT2 subtype receptors. The influence of substituents in positions 7(R1), 8(R2) and 9(R3) on affinity and selectivity to 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and the preference of one diastereoisomer is discussed.
Pedagogical development of the relationship between the creativity of V. V. Mayakovsky, A.M. Gorky and Mordovian literature
Authors: Сергушина Е. С. , Кабанов О. В. , Парфенов Е. А. , Редников Д. В.
Published: May 2022

В данной статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь творчества В. В. Маяковского и А. М. Горького и мордовской литературы. Авторы статьи приходят к выводу, что В. В. Маяковский и А. М. Горький оказали огромное влияние на развитие не только русской литературы ХХ века, но и мордовской. Авторы отмечают, что влияние В. В. Маяковского на мордовскую литературу состоит не в подражании, а имеет творческий характер. Многое сближает мордовских писателей с русским поэтом, привлекавшим к себе гуманной заостренностью своей поэзии, стремлением к поискам новых форм. В Горьком их привлекает любовь к жизни, к человеку и его гуманизм.

This article examines the relationship between the creativity of V. V. Mayakovsky and A.M. Gorky and Mordovian literature. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that V. V. Mayakovsky and A.M. Gorky had a huge impact on the development of not only Russian literature of the twentieth century, but also Mordovian literature. The authors note that the influence of V. V. Mayakovsky on Mordovian literature does not consist in imitation, but has a creative character. There are many things that bring Mordovian writers closer to the Russian poet, who attracted to himself the humane sharpness of his poetry, the desire to search for new forms. In Gorky, they are attracted by the love of life, to man and his humanism.
Methodological potential of the dystopia genre in the development of students' reading competence
Authors: Ушакова Е. В.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматриваются характерные черты антиутопий и анализируются причины их популярности среди студентов. Обозначен круг проблем, затронутых в этих произведениях, и намечены возможности обращения к данному жанру в обучении, его значительный потенциал в формировании читательской компетентности студентов. Отмечается, что в современной ситуации, когда происходит падение интереса к чтению, именно данный жанр может помочь увлечь обучающихся в мир литературы. Немаловажным аспектом является и использование на занятиях элементов сопоставления произведений современного кинематографа и художественной литературы, выявление схожих сюжетных особенностей и проблематики, что способствует развитию критического мышления. Разработаны вопросы и задания, рекомендации по работе на занятиях по истории литературы в колледже и вузе, определены условия и этапы проведения семинаров и дискуссий. Представлены пути решения проблемы повышения интереса студентов к изучению творчества русских и зарубежных писателей. Предложенные для анализа романы-антиутопии затрагивают проблемы свободы и независимости личности, обретения ценностных ориентиров, роли прогресса и господства современных научных технологий в развитии человечества как наиболее близких для молодого поколения в поисках самоопределения.

The article discusses the characteristic features of dystopias and analyzes the reasons for their popularity among students. The range of problems raised in these works is outlined, and the possibilities of turning to this genre in education, its significant potential in shaping the reading competence of students are outlined. It is noted that in the current situation, when there is a drop in interest in reading, it is this genre that can help to captivate students into the world of literature. An important aspect is the use in the classroom of elements of comparing modern cinema and fiction works, the identification of similar plot features and issues, which contributes to the development of critical thinking. Questions and assignments, recommendations for work in the history of literature classes at colleges and universities have been developed, conditions and stages for holding seminars and discussions have been determined. The ways of solving the problem of increasing the students’ interest in the study of the work of Russian and foreign writers are presented. The dystopian novels proposed for analysis touch upon the problems of freedom and independence of the individual, obtaining value orientations, the role of progress and the dominance of modern scientific technologies in the development of mankind as the closest for the younger generation in search of self-determination.
Del mito y la piedra –descripción semiótica del monolito de Coyolxauhqui–
Authors: Flores Roberto , Domínguez Martín
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo propone un análisis semiótico del monolito de Coyolxuhqui que se encuentra en el centro de Ciudad de México, en el sitio donde se ubicaba el principal templo de los antiguos mexicanos. Se realiza una descripción de los componentes plásticos y figurativos, pero se propone que un abordaje más completo debe buscar la integración de la escultura en su contexto sistémico (Schiffer, 1972). Ese contexto es múltiple, pues articula distintas dimensiones bajo las que la figura de Coyolxauhqui se torna presente. En consecuencia, se abordan sucesivamente la articulación de los entornos (contextos) arquitectónico, religioso y mítico de ese objeto arqueológico y se discute la lectura cosmológica.
Les noces gitanes dévoilées : étude et traduction des alboreás de Rafael Romero
Authors: GARCÍA PLATA-GÓMEZ Mercedes
Published: May 2022

Le présent article propose l’étude et la traduction des alboreás enregistrées par Rafael Romero pour la Antología del cante flamenco dirigée par Perico el del Lunar (Hispavox, [1954] 1958). La traduction du chant, l’inventaire des variantes des coplas qui le composent et leur classement systématique ont permis de mettre au jour différents motifs thématiques que la copla dite des « trois roses » (la plus enregistrée et diffusée) ne laissait pas percevoir de prime abord. Le commentaire de ce chant d’anthologie — c’était la première fois que des alboreás, habituellement réservées aux noces gitanes figuraient sur un enregistrement sonore — apporte ainsi les éléments de contexte nécessaires à sa compréhension, en particulier sur le déroulement du rituel nuptial.
Qui cause ? Qui dose ? Qui ose ?À l’infini poème apporter une fin
Authors: Souchier Emmanuël , Pomian Joanna
Published: May 2022

Situant son propos dans l’espace théorique de « l’énonciation éditoriale » et du « numérique comme écriture », l’auteur interroge les paradigmes de la pensée linguistique et statistique qui président à la constitution des algorithmes de recherche dédiés à l’analyse des données textuelles ; il invite à questionner les épistémies qui conduisent à leur conception avant d’envisager les résultats qu’ils produisent ; il s’interroge sur les bienfaits d’outils d’aide à l’édition critique des textes dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche en Intelligence artificielle sur la critique littéraire (Cattleya) et revient sur les bienfaits de l’activité médiévale de lettrure (lecture-écriture) pour l’édition scientifique des textes littéraires. Avec Joanna Pomian, il s’enquiert des acquis conceptuels, théoriques et méthodologiques de Cattleya. En toile de fond, quarante années de recherche et une interrogation sur les conditions politiques et intellectuelles de la recherche actuelle : et si on faisait confiance aux jeunes chercheurs en songeant à des « humanités » non plus « numériques » mais bien « intellectuelles » ?
Du StopCovid au « Pass sanitaire » : l’évolution du QR code au cours de la crise sanitaire de COVID-19
Authors: ZHANG Yuwen
Published: May 2022

Au fil du développement de la crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19, de plus en plus de pays ont adopté le dispositif de type « pass sanitaire » pour tenter d’endiguer la propagation du virus. Cet article prend le « pass sanitaire » français comme objet de recherche, en le comparant avec le QR code de santé chinois. Il affirme que, premièrement, la conception et l’usage du « pass sanitaire » favorise l’indépendance technologique et la gouvernance numérique en France. Deuxièmement, bien que l’usage technique du QR code soit différent, de StopCovid au « pass sanitaire », il construit tout de même une surveillance du grand public à travers un dispositif numérique en France comme en Chine. Enfin, cette QR code-isation sociale renforce une potentielle classification des individus reposant sur la collecte des données personnelles.
Effect of Surface Roughness of Carbon Nanotube-based Catalyst Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Phua Yin Kan , Weerathunga Don Terrence , Wu Dan , Kim Chaerin , Jayawickrama Samindi , Tanaka Naoki
Published: May 2022

The effect of surface roughness of the catalyst layer (CL) based on carbon-nanotube (CNTs) in contact with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was studied. The surface roughness of vacuum-filtrated CL sheets were evaluated using laser microscope and the surface of CL sheet contacting the filter membrane was found to be smoother compared to the surface exposed to the air. When a smoother surface of the CL sheet was laminated with PEM to fabricate membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA), power density of the single cell was 604.6 mW cm-2 at 80 °C under 100%R.H., which was greater than the MEA having a rougher CL surface (542.4 mW cm-2).
Absolute binding free energy calculations improve enrichment of actives in virtual compound screening
Authors: Feng Mudong , Gilson Michael , Heinzelmann Germano
Published: May 2022

We determined the effectiveness of absolute binding free energy (ABFE) calculations to refine the selection of active compounds in virtual compound screening, a setting where the more commonly used relative binding free energy approach is not readily applicable. To do this, we conducted base- line docking calculations of structurally diverse compounds in the DUD-E database for three targets, BACE1, CDK2 and thrombin, followed by ABFE calculations for compounds with high docking scores. The docking calculations alone achieved solid enrichment of active compounds over decoys. Encour- agingly, the ABFE calculations then improved on this baseline. Analysis of the results emphasizes the importance of establishing high quality ligand poses as starting points for ABFE calculations, a non- trivial goal when processing a library of diverse compounds without informative co-crystal structures. Overall, our results suggest that ABFE calculations can play a valuable role in the drug discovery process
Novel superhard tetragonal BCN from crystal chemistry and first principles
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: May 2022

Novel ternary equiatomic BCN compound structurally based on the 'glitter' C6 with both tetrahedral (sp3) and trigonal (sp2) carbons has been predicted using crystal chemistry rationale and supported by first principles calculations of energies and energy dependent quantities within density functional theory (DFT). Crystal structure of BCN belongs to the tetragonal space group P42mc and is built by stacking of corner sharing BC2N2 tetrahedra. The phase is found energetically cohesive and stable both mechanically (elastic properties) and dynamically (phonons band structures). The electronic band structures reveal metallic-like behavior. Characterized by very high Vickers hardness (65 GPa), BCN is expected to be a prospective superabrasive.
CRYPTO-CURRENCY AS A MODE OF FINANCIAL MOTIVATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: sajjad Laiqa , Jamil Mutiullah , Sajjad Sidra , Shahab Hammad
Published: May 2022

Bitcoin has arisen as the leading cryptographic currency. This ever increased amount has involved adopters looking to advance their investments, frequently by leaving purely technical aspects on the sidelines. The current study is to illustrate that there is a great role of Crypto-currency in today’s world as it is moving people towards the digital world. There is an immense need for utilizing this Crypto-currency technique as everything is shifting on the internet and getting digitalized day by day. The research effort presented in this paper is of quantitative study in search to address the subject of user fascinated towards Crypto-currency as it motivates financially. This includes 50 eligible participants who are working on Crypto-currency and knows well how to invest, monitor market cap to earn a huge amount, whose motivation is derived through the application of temporal motivation theory. The survey seeks to form an understanding of user attitudes towards the Crypto-currency as a mode of financial motivation by following a methodological approach for exploring motivation and earnings of crypto masters, the representatives will serve as the underlying data set from which conclusions can be drawn easily. These results will help the people in observing behavior for predicting how promising and successful a Crypto-currency might become in the future
CURRICULAR IMPLICATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Oyedokun Tunde Toyese , Laaro Medinat Dolapo , Ambali Zainab Olanihun , Komolafe Saidat Ranmilowo
Published: May 2022

The introduction of knowledge management into the library and information science curriculum comes with some implications that bordered on how knowledge management is being taught and represented in the curriculum design for LIS education. The investigation was carried out from the viewpoint of LIS community in Nigeria using a web-based survey questionnaire and interview. Certified librarians in Nigeria constitute the unit of analysis; their population stood at 6,504, and only 369 participants completed the survey, followed by interviews with five professors from library schools in Nigeria. The result from findings indicated that from the six variables raised on the implications of knowledge management on library and information science education, only two variables score above the Mean Variable Score (X=3.98) benchmark, the need for KM competencies to be fully integrated into the LIS curriculum score the highest mean score (X=4.46), followed by the need for the LIS curriculum to keep changing to accommodate new development in KM. It also manifested in the study that the current curriculum did not adequately equip LIS professionals for knowledge management practice. More so, knowledge management can be treated as a separate course on its own and as well be integrated into the existing library and information science courses. From the seven knowledge management concepts and themes raised, only four variables score above the Mean Variable Score (X=4.32) benchmark, interpersonal relationship leads the pact with a mean score (X=4.39), followed by research and evaluation with a mean score (X=4.38), knowledge management tools, technics and technologies with a mean score (X=4.36) and lastly leadership and managerial role with a mean score (X=4.35). Also from the four variables raised on responsibilities of LIS schools, two of the variables score above the Mean Variable Score (X=4.4) benchmark, need for LIS schools to train and retrain LIS educators score the highest mean score (X=4.45) followed by the need for LIS schools to collaborate with other allied disciplines in the design and training of LIS professionals for KM with a mean score (X=4.4). This implies that effective training and education for KM calls for cooperation and collaboration among different academic units.
SEED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TO APPROACH SUSTAINABLE YIELD OF FIELD CROPS BY VARIOUS PREPARATION TECHNIQUES: SEED PRIMING, TREATMENT AND INOCULATION_ A REVIEW
Authors: Shrestha Sandesh , Dhungana Mamata , Sahani Sansar , Bhattarai Babita
Published: May 2022

The consistent seed germination, early seedling growth, and uniform plant stand are crucial stages in the growth of crops. Uneven seed germination and seedling growth are responsible for low crop output. Studies have shown that the potential of seed preparation before planting enhances the development of crop from germination to maturity. Seed preparation has become a trend and a part of farming as it improves vegetative and reproductive growth and ensures the quality and quantity of the yield. Therefore, quality of seed can be improved through various seed preparation technique. Seed preparation method includes: priming, treatment, inoculation, etc. and all of these have significant effect on agriculture. Priming is a controlled hydration of seed done to trigger a pre germination activities. There are various methods of priming such as hydropriming, osmopriming, halopriming, biopriming and hormonal priming. Seed are also inoculated with various microorganism to enhance the activities like biological nitrogen fixation. To prevent the seed borne diseases seeds are treated with various chemicals like fungicides, insecticides etc. This review paper discusses about the important of quality seed and different methods of seed preparation for planting and approaching yield sustainability.
LAND USE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN EKITI REGION, FOREST VEGETATIVE ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: ola Akin , Funke Florence
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted to assess the impacts of varying land use/land cover types (croplands, forests, tree crop plantation and woodland/grasslands) on the chemical properties of soils in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Soil sampling and field experiments were carried out across the different land uses and land cover types. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used where there were “within the treatment variation” and “between the treatment variations”. Field experiments were carried out in 40 different locations in Ekiti State and surface composite disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to depths of 30 cm from the study areas. Three sampling points were randomly selected per field location (20 m apart). The textural classification of the study areas was predominantly sandy clay loam. Land use types did not have significant effect on the soil pH (p>0.05). The Total N for all the land uses ranged from 0.04 – 0.86 %. Mean concentrations of SOC differed significantly among the various land uses. Mean SOC decreased in the order FOR > TCP > WGS > CP. The results of chemical properties of the soils of the study sites showed that the soil properties vary with different land use types.
EFFECTS OF TERMINAL HEAT STRESS AND THEIR RESPONSIVE MECHANISMS IN ELITE WHEAT GENOTYPES: A REVIEW
Authors: Paudel Sandesh , Bashyal Parbin , Pandey Sushil , Tharu Bhuwan , Gurung Pradeep , Koirala Rajan
Published: May 2022

Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world that ranks first position in terms of production and trade. In Nepal this is the third most cultivated crop after rice and maize. Various environmental constraints including heat stress have been determined to be a great factor to limit world wheat production. High temperature leaves a devastating impact in wheat production by affecting different stages including germination, plant growth, anthesis and grain filling etc. heat stress also affects photosynthesis process and responsible for the lower biomass yield. Various studies have shown that the reproductive stages of wheat plant are more susceptible to heat stress than vegetative stages. Heat stress hinders germination, reduce plant growth, decrease number of plant population per unit area and causes leaf senescence. Water relation disturbance and oxidative damage to plants are other harmful effects of heat stress in wheat plants. Plant also has tolerance mechanism against such heat induced stresses. Such mechanisms include avoidance against heat stress, production of heat shock protein and antioxidant mechanisms.
SURVEY OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN YAM GROWING BELT OF MOKWA AND MASHEGU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: R.M Olaniyi, , L.Y` Bello, , M.T Salaudeen, , M.O Adebola,
Published: May 2022

Yam (Dioscorea spp) is one of the staple food for most people in Nigeria and the country account for highest production worldwide. Plant parasitic nematodes are responsible for losses in crop production and quality all over the world. Therefore, the need to survey and identify the types of plant parasitic nematodes within a particular area is important in order to help the yam farmers. The objective of this study was to ascertain the plant parasitic nematodes infecting yams in Mokwa and Mashegu Local Government Areas of Niger State, southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. A total number of 30 soil samples were collected randomly using soil auger from both locations during 2019 cropping season. Nematodes were extracted from the soil using decanting and sieving method. Symptoms observed on the field included leaf chlorosis, leaf deformation and stunted growth. Scutellonema 635 Rotylenchus, 80 Meloidogyne 223 and Pratylenchus 89 were the most abundant of yam plant parasitic nematodes in Mokwa as compared to Trichodorus, 57, Aphelenchus 20, Paratylenchus 78, Tylenchus 10, Helicotylenchus 20, Heterodera 20 Xiphenema 10, of the parasitic nematodes while in Mashegu Local Government Areas of Niger State Scutellonema 989, Rotylenchus 110, Meloidogyne 100 and Pratylenchus 517 were the most abundant of yam plant parasitic nematodes in Mashegu as compared to Trichodorus, 25, Aphelenchus 10, Tylenchus 90, Helicotylenchus 58, Heterodera 30, Xiphenema 10, Longidorous. The survey result revealed that plant parasitic nematodes in Mashegu Local Government Areas of Niger State were more abundant than Mokwa Local Government Areas of Niger State. The identified plant parasitic nematodes could be cultured for breeding resistant yam cultivars in order to prevent severe yield losses posed by those plant parasitic nematodes.
DIFFERENT SOURCES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM ALTERD GRAIN YIELD, OSMOTIC COMPONENTS AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN MAIZE UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Authors: Heidari Mostafa , Pahlevan Javad
Published: May 2022

Lack of sufficient water around the world, is the most important factor to reducing the growth and yield of crops. The use of nutrient elements such as calcium can partially prevent its adverse effects on plants. Therefore, this experiment performed to study the effect of sources and different concentrations of calcium (C1=control, C2= 1.5, C3= 3g/l calcium chloride, C4= 1.5 and C5= 3 g/l calcium silicate) on maize under drought stress (W1= 8 (control), W2= 12 and W3= 16 days irrigation interval). The results showed that by increasing drought level from W1 to W3, grain yield, biomass, the weight of thousand seeds and the number of seed per plant were reduced. Application of calcium, especially 3 g/l calcium silicate improved them. Drought stress decreased the amount of chlorophyll “a”, relative water content (RWC), and increased electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate and proline in leaf tissues. In the absence of drought stress, calcium silicate had a better effect than on maize plant. At the highest level of drought stress (W3), also application of 3 g/l calcium silicate improved the grain yield by reducing the amount of electrolyte leakage, increasing the synthesis of proline and soluble carbohydrates and also improving the yield components compared to calcium chloride. Therefore, it can be stated that calcium silicate at drought stress conditions has a greater effect than calcium chloride on maize plant.
POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF BEAN POD BORER (MARUCA VITRATA FABRICIUS) ON YARDLONG BEAN CULTIVATION IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Faruq Md. Omar , Latif Md. Abdul , Khan Md. Mohasin Hussain , Das G.P.
Published: May 2022

The research activity was conducted in major intensive yard long bean growing areas, such as Chittagong hill tracts regions of Bangladesh to know the population dynamics and to develop sustainable & eco-friendly management techniques for controlling major insect pests of yard long bean during 2016 and 2017 cropping season in the farmers’ fields at three hill districts of Chittagong. The study was carried out following randomized complete block design (RCBD) having seven treatment combinations. Each treatment turned into replicated three (03) times. Results found that bean pod borer infestation on yardlong bean commenced from 2nd week of May while pod formation commenced after which gradually increased with the age of crop. During this period environmental temperature was gradually increased but rainfall was decreased. Among the treatments, T3 reduced the highest infestation of bean pod by 90.07% in Bandarban, 89.29% in Rangamati and 89.80% in Khagrachari over control, respectively. The highest pod yield (17.64 tha-1 in Bandarban, 15.14 tha-1 in Rangamati and 15.93 tha-1 in Khagrachari, respectively) throughout the season were achieved by the same treatment. So, spraying of voliam flexi 300SC @ 0.5 ml Liter-1 water at 10 days interval+hand collection & destruction of infested fruits and larvae+nappy trap (T3) is going to be the foremost effective treatment to control bean pod borer in the three hill districts of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
IMPROVING GERMINATION AND STAND ESTABLISHMENT OF KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) SEED THROUGH MEDIA SELECTION AND HORMONAL USE IN DOLAKHA, NEPAL
Authors: Sharma Anup , Devkota Durga , Thapa Sulochana , Sapkota Madan , Bista Bishal
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted at Boach, Bhimeshwor-8, Dolakha, Nepal from February to April, 2020 to analyze the effect of varied concentrations of gibberellic acid and growing media on germination of kiwifruit seeds. The experiment was done by using Factorial combination of four different concentrations: 0 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm of gibberellic acid and different growing media: Peat moss, Cocopeat, Vermicompost and Normal Soil laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD); each treatment were replicated four times. Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate, mean germination rate, germination index, coefficient of velocity of germination and germination rate index were the parameters measured. The germination of kiwifruit seeds was significantly affected by gibberellic acid and growing media. The highest germination percentage (48.25%), germination rate (87.73%), germination index (0.88) and germination rate index (11.82) was recorded from seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at peat moss whereas, the minimum germination percentage (13%), germination rate (23.64%) and germination index (0.24) was observed in seeds treated with 4000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at vermicompost. The maximum time taken (46 days) to germinate was shown by seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at normal soil whereas, the minimum time taken (35 days) to germinate was recorded in seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at cocopeat. The highest mean germination rate (0.028 day-1) and coefficient of velocity of germination (2.79%) was observed in seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at cocopeat whereas the least mean germination rate (0.022 day-1) and coefficient of velocity of germination (2.18%) was recorded in seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at normal soil. From the findings of this experiment, it is revealed that the seeds treated with 6000 ppm gibberellic acid and sown at peat moss could be the most effective and appropriate to improve the germination and stand establishment of kiwifruit seeds.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FARM MECHANIZATION STATUS OF RICE CULTIVATION IN RATUWAMAI MUNICIPALITY MORANG, DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Kantilata , Adhikari Pragya , Poudel Mousami , Adhikari Prabin , Baral Surakshya , Paneru Nisha
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted from February to May, 2019 to assess the status of farm mechanization of Rice cultivation in Ratuwamai municipality Morang, District Nepal. Altogether 80 respondents were selected by using simple random sampling technique from the sampling frame of 400 populations. Pre-tested interview schedule, Focus Group Discussion(FGD) and key informant survey (KIS) were used to collect primary information from the respondents ,while secondary information were collected by reviewing different relevant publications to find out the mechanization activities conducted in rice cultivation, perception of farmers regarding farm mechanization and the constraints and factors affecting adoption of agri- mechanical equipment .The data were processed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through MS-excel and SPSS .Chi-square test was done to test the significance difference between dependent and independent variables. The result of the study shows majority of the respondent were male, and majority were involved in agriculture as their major occupation. Majority of the respondents were found literate and very few respondents were involved in commercial farming. The study reveals about eighty percent of the respondents were adopter of machineries. During nursery preparation and transplantation no any machineries were employed, during land preparation 86.25 percent respondents have adopted machineries. The harvesting stage was found more mechanized than other stage as 68.75 percent respondents use machines. The use of thresher and combine harvester was found more common during this stage. Chi-square test shows the association between adoption level of machineries with training, subsidies and education level has positive and significant relationship. Regarding perception sixty five percent respondents found mechanical method more beneficial and fifty five percent use unskilled manpower during rice cultivation. Only 22.5 percent respondents had their own machines and majority use machine based on pre-booking. Agriculture knowledge centre (AKS) was found as major source of information on mechanization. Among many constraints during adoption of machinery high land fragmentation was agreed by majority of the respondents. The study revealed that, among the production problems, unavailability of quality seeds and fertilizers in required quantity and time appeared as the most important production problem followed by lack of subsidy on irrigation, disease and pest infestation, lack of technical guidance and labour shortage was appeared as least problem.
TOMATO LEAF MINOR TUTA ABSOLUTA IN TOMATO & ITS CONTROL METHODS: A REVIEW
Authors: Joseph Milan Nepali , Boudhacharya Nisha
Published: May 2022

Tomato is cultivated all over the world as it has high economic value and more demand. Tomato leaf minor is most hazardous pest of tomato all over the world. It causes high economic loss in tomato from 50-100%. Various methods like cultural, physical, biological, chemical methods are used for control of the pest. Due to excessive use of chemical pesticides, pests are gaining resistance power and pesticides are becoming less effective to controal it. IPM methods, use of trap, use of neem-based pesticides are one of safe and more effective methods to control it. This review article provides information about the identification of pest, their nature of damage and different control measures of tomato leaf minor.
EFFECTIVENES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN ENHANCING GROWTH OF Ipomoea aquatica (WATER SPINACH) IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL
Authors: Jamaludin Ameelya Farzana , Tajudin Nur Shuhada , Shahari Rozilawati , Che Amri Che Nurul Aini , Zulkifli Mazidah , Jamaludin Mayzaitul Azwa
Published: May 2022

Planting a crop with high productivity and quality while ensuring the continuity of good soil quality and environmental sustainability is important. With the changes of climate and extensive anthropogenic activities, soil had become undesirable for crops planting. However, various measures can be done to improve this such as applying suitable types of fertilizer and soil amendments besides monitoring the quality of soil continuously. Fertilizer application in a way is helpful in providing essential nutrients needed by the plant while soil organic amendment able to improve its quality through biotic and physical changes. In this study, different combination of treatments was applied in two different types of soil to observe its effect on morphological growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), soil pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) in soil. Field experiment was conducted at Glasshouse Nursery Complex (GNC), International University Malaysia for five weeks. Combination of treatments consist of control (T1), biochar (T2), chicken manure (T3), combination of biochar and chicken manure (T4), and combination of biochar, chicken manure, and NPK fertilizer (T5). Two types of soil that were used in this study which are normal topsoil and oxisols type of soils. Results showed that the T5 were observed to have the highest average of plant grown in both normal top soil and oxisols soil. The pH of both soils treated with biochar and organic manure increased compared to control which reflect a positive effect towards nutrient availability for plant. Total organic carbon content also showed an increased trend with soil amendment and fertilizer applications. Hence, in overall growth of Ipomoea aquatica improved with application of fertilizer and organic amendments.
INTERCROPPING MAIZE WITH GROUNDNUT IN CHAR LAND
Authors: Kadir M , Rahman Jubaidur , Riad MI , Alam MK
Published: May 2022

Intercropping is a farming practice involving two or more crop species, or genotypes, growing together and coexisting for a time. On the fringes of modern intensive agriculture, intercropping is important in many subsistence or low-input/resource-limited agricultural systems. Intercropping in order to improve land use efficiency, take advantage of intercropping facilitation and improve economic benefits. Also, linked with the higher yield, the associated higher amount of cereals-legume by-product is preferred for animal feed or human consumption. The objective of this study is to find out the suitable groundnut – maize intercropping system and increase productivity, economic and nutritional development of charland farmers of Bangladesh. In the experiment, intercropping system such as One row of maize in between two normal rows of groundnut, one row of maize (leaf cutting at the age of 115 days) in between two normal rows of groundnut, which was compared with sole maize, Sole maize (leaf cutting at the age of 115 days) and sole groundnut production. Total yields of maize /groundnut intercropping were higher than that of sole maize and groundnut. Maize /groundnut intercropping is the efficient use of light because of complementary use of space between the maize plants and the groundnut plants. Maize /groundnut intercrop gross return and BCR per hectare were found higher than from sole crop system. The total yield of intercropped crops was greater than sole cropping shown by LER>1. The overall advantage of intercropping ranged from 73 to 86%. The highest land equivalent value of 86% was recorded from paired row maize (leaf cutting at the age of 115 days) in between four normal rows of groundnut sowing arrangements indicated a yield advantage of 86% over sole crop.
ASSESSMENT OF MORPHO- MOLOECULAR VARIATION IN KENAF
Authors: Hossaina A.K.M. Shahadat , Tareq Md. Zablul , Islam Md. Shahidul , Meah Md. Bahadur , Sadat Md. Abu , Haque Md. Shahidul
Published: May 2022

Germplasm plays an important role for developing new varieties of crops to the plant bredders. In Bangladesh, kenaf is geeting more attention as the substitute of jute and breeding new varieties of kenaf is time demanding. In the present research, morphological and genetic variation of 51 kenaf germplasms were analysed. Analysis revealed that genotype HC-92 had the higer plant height (3.4 m) with base diameter (27.3 mm), higher number of node in each plant, plant weight with or without leaves and fiber yield (37.9 g) compare to the other kenaf accessions. However, internode length, number of fruit and seeds and dry stick weight was higher in kenaf accession 5018, 5083, 1623 and 3746, respectively. Analysis also found the higher phenotypic variation than the genetic variation. During genotypic variation analysis, three primers among the sixteen primers produced polymorphism in kenaf accessions. The dendrogram had indicated segregation of 51 germplasms of Kenaf into 8 clusters where cluster II consisted 18 and cluster III consisted 20 accessions respectively. The information obtained in this study can be used for further breeding programs for the improvement of kenaf in Bangladesh.
BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES DUE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Gautam Niruta , Sah Mamta , Bhandari Laxmi , Aryal Saraswati , Kafle Jyoti , Pokharel Sudha , Dhakal Keshav
Published: May 2022

Wheat is the major staple cereal crop of the world population. In developing countries like Nepal, cultivation of wheat is dependent upon the monsoon and the irregular monsoon gives way to the drought condition. The studies and researches of recent years have found pronounced effect of drought on the wheat production. The drought stress in crop leads to several changes in the physiological, morphological and biochemical traits leading to the economic losses. The morphological changes can be viewed through two ways as change in shoot and root system such as effect on plant height, leaf senescence, flowering and so on. Similarly, physiological changes involve change in cell growth pattern, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis disturbance and biochemical changes occur in concentration of different chemicals and activity of different enzymes, hence resulting alteration in the natural processes in different phenological stages of wheat. To reduce the effect of drought stress, various approaches have been made but the more focus has been given in the identification of traits that yields high rather than introducing those traits which show better responses towards environmental irregularities. This review study is done to assess the various changes in characters of wheat due to drought and their effect on the crop yield and productivity.
INFLUENCE OF SEED SOURCE ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD GAP OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
Authors: Islam Md. Touhidul
Published: May 2022

Seed source is influenced on plant growth and yield of a crop. The objective of this research was to investigate the plant growth and yield including gap of rice collected seed from different sources in Bangladesh. The seed of rice variety BRRI dhan28 of Oryza sativa L. was used as study material. The treatments were consisted of four sources of seed viz. Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), private seed company, farmers’ own seed and seed from local market. The seed was also obtained from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) that was used for control. Data regarding plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, absolute growth rate, AGR and relative growth rate, RGR); yield attributes (number of spikelet/panicles, 1000-grain weight and yield/ton); and percentage of yield gap were investigated. Minimum plant growth parameters except RGR and all yield attributes of rice were observed in the seed of BRRI followed by BADC; while the highest RGR was observed in the seed of BRRI and BADC simultaneously. The yield gap of rice was the highest in the seed of the market. The plant growth and grain yield of rice were comparatively higher in the seed of BRRI followed by BADC and company due to higher knowledge of seed production and processing technology; while higher yield gap were observed in the seed of farmer and market due to poor seed production and processing facilities as well as their poor knowledge.