bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo serine synthesis regulates chondrocyte proliferation during bone development and repair
Authors: Stegen Steve , Loopmans Shauni , Stockmans Ingrid , Moermans Karen , Carmeliet Peter , Carmeliet Geert
Published: February 2022

The majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous template. Cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, but the metabolic requirements for these anabolic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metabolomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated glucose metabolism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long bone growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral bone formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate by inducing PHGDH-mediated serine synthesis. Mechanistically, this metabolic flexibility requires ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metabolism and stress responses. We demonstrate that both serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance ATF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereby prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metabolic adaptability between serine uptake and de novo synthesis is observed in the cartilage callus during fracture repair. Together, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.
UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/β-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism
Authors: Zhu Zhenru , Cao Chuanhui , Zhang Dongyan , Zhang Zhihong , Liu Li , Wu Dehua , Sun Jingyuan
Published: February 2022

The oncogene protein ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated with poor clinical outcomes of HCC patients. However, the underlying mechanism by which UBE2T exerts its oncogenic function in HCC remains largely unexplored. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that UBE2T promoted HCC development including proliferation and metastasis. GSEA analysis indicated that UBE2T was positively correlated with pyrimidine metabolism, and LC/MS-MS metabolomics profiling revealed that the key products of pyrimidine metabolism were significantly increased in UBE2T-overexpressing cells. UBE2T overexpression led to the upregulation of several key enzymes catalyzing de novo pyrimidine synthesis, including CAD, DHODH, and UMPS. Moreover, the utilization of leflunomide, a clinically approved DHODH inhibitor, blocked the effect of UBE2T in promoting HCC progression. Mechanistically, UBE2T increased Akt K63-mediated ubiquitination and Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. The disruption of UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination on Akt, including E2-enzyme-deficient mutation (C86A) of UBE2T and ubiquitination-site-deficient mutation (K8/14 R) of Akt impaired UBE2T’s effect in upregulating CAD, DHODH, and UMPS. Importantly, we demonstrated that UBE2T was positively correlated with p-Akt, β-catenin, CAD, DHODH, and UMPS in HCC tumor tissues. In summary, our study indicates that UBE2T increases pyrimidine metabolism by promoting Akt K63-linked ubiquitination, thus contributing to HCC development. This work provides a novel insight into HCC development and a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
Retention of deposited ammonium and nitrate and its impact on the global forest carbon sink
Authors: Gurmesa Geshere Abdisa , Wang Ang , Li Shanlong , Peng Shushi , de Vries Wim , Gundersen Per , Ciais Philippe , Phillips Oliver L. , Hobbie Erik A. , Zhu Weixing , Nadelhoffer Knute , Xi Yi , Bai Edith , Sun Tao , Chen Dexiang , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Yiping , Guo Yingrong , Zhu Jiaojun , Duan Lei , Li Dejun , Koba Keisuke , Du Enzai , Zhou Guoyi , Han Xingguo , Han Shijie , Fang Yunting
Published: February 2022

The impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition on the global forest carbon (C) sink and other ecosystem services may depend on whether N is deposited in reduced (mainly as ammonium) or oxidized forms (mainly as nitrate) and the subsequent fate of each. However, the fates of the two key reactive N forms and their contributions to forest C sinks are unclear. Here, we analyze results from 13 ecosystem-scale paired15N-labelling experiments in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests. Results show that total ecosystem N retention is similar for ammonium and nitrate, but plants take up more labelled nitrate ($${20}_{15}^{25}$$201525%) ($${{{{{{\rm{mean}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{minimum}}}}}}}^{{{{{{\rm{maximum}}}}}}}$$meanminimummaximum) than ammonium ($${12}_{8}^{16}$$12816%) while soils retain more ammonium ($${57}_{49}^{65}$$574965%) than nitrate ($${46}_{32}^{59}$$463259%). We estimate that the N deposition-induced C sink in forests in the 2010s  is$${0.72}_{0.49}^{0.96}$$0.720.490.96 Pg C yr−1, higher than previous estimates because of a larger role for oxidized N and greater rates of global N deposition.
IL-22 initiates an IL-18-dependent epithelial response circuit to enforce intestinal host defence
Authors: Chiang Hung-Yu , Lu Hsueh-Han , Sudhakar Janaki N. , Chen Yu-Wen , Shih Nien-Shin , Weng Yi-Ting , Shui Jr-Wen
Published: February 2022

IL-18 is emerging as an IL-22-induced and epithelium-derived cytokine which contributes to host defence against intestinal infection and inflammation. In contrast to its known role in Goblet cells, regulation of barrier function at the molecular level by IL-18 is much less explored. Here we show that IL-18 is a bona fide IL-22-regulated gate keeper for intestinal epithelial barrier. IL-22 promotes crypt immunity both via induction of phospho-Stat3 binding to theIl-18gene promoter and viaIl-18independent mechanisms. In organoid culture, while IL-22 primarily increases organoid size and inhibits expression of stem cell genes, IL-18 preferentially promotes organoid budding and induces signature genes of Lgr5+stem cells via Akt-Tcf4 signalling. During adherent-invasiveE. coli(AIEC) infection, systemic administration of IL-18 corrects compromised T-cell IFNγ production and restores Lysozyme+Paneth cells inIl-22−/−mice, but IL-22 administration fails to restore these parameters inIl-18−/−mice, thereby placing IL-22-Stat3 signalling upstream of the IL-18-mediated barrier defence function. IL-18 in return regulates Stat3-mediated anti-microbial response in Paneth cells, Akt-Tcf4-triggered expansion of Lgr5+stem cells to facilitate tissue repair, and AIEC clearance by promoting IFNγ+T cells.
Re-engineered BCG overexpressing cyclic di-AMP augments trained immunity and exhibits improved efficacy against bladder cancer
Authors: Singh Alok Kumar , Praharaj Monali , Lombardo Kara A. , Yoshida Takahiro , Matoso Andres , Baras Alex S. , Zhao Liang , Srikrishna Geetha , Huang Joy , Prasad Pankaj , Powell Jonathan D. , Kates Max , McConkey David , Pardoll Drew M. , Bishai William R. , Bivalacqua Trinity J.
Published: February 2022

In addition to its role as a TB vaccine, BCG has been shown to elicit heterologous protection against many other pathogens including viruses through a process termed trained immunity. Despite its potential as a broadly protective vaccine, little has been done to determine if BCG-mediated trained immunity levels can be optimized. Here we re-engineer BCG to express high levels of c-di-AMP, a PAMP recognized by stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We find that BCG overexpressing c-di-AMP elicits more potent signatures of trained immunity including higher pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, greater myeloid cell reprogramming toward inflammatory and activated states, and enhances epigenetic and metabolomic changes. In a model of bladder cancer, we also show that re-engineered BCG induces trained immunity and improved functionality. These results indicate that trained immunity levels and antitumor efficacy may be increased by modifying BCG to express higher levels of key PAMP molecules.
Restoring circadian gene profiles in clock networks using synthetic feedback control
Authors: Foo Mathias , Akman Ozgur E. , Bates Declan G.
Published: February 2022

The circadian system—an organism’s built-in biological clock—is responsible for orchestrating biological processes to adapt to diurnal and seasonal variations. Perturbations to the circadian system (e.g., pathogen attack, sudden environmental change) often result in pathophysiological responses (e.g., jetlag in humans, stunted growth in plants, etc.) In view of this, synthetic biologists are progressively adapting the idea of employing synthetic feedback control circuits to alleviate the effects of perturbations on circadian systems. To facilitate the design of such controllers, suitable models are required. Here, we extend our recently developed model for the plant circadian clock—termed the extended S-System model—to model circadian systems across different kingdoms of life. We then use this modeling strategy to develop a design framework, based on an antithetic integral feedback (AIF) controller, to restore a gene’s circadian profile when it is subject to loss-of-function due to external perturbations. The use of the AIF controller is motivated by its recent successful experimental implementation. Our findings provide circadian biologists with a systematic and general modeling and design approach for implementing synthetic feedback control of circadian systems.
Dataset on electrical single-family house and heat pump load profiles in Germany
Authors: Schlemminger Marlon , Ohrdes Tobias , Schneider Elisabeth , Knoop Michael
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a dataset of residential electricity household and heat pump load profiles, measured in 38 single-family houses in Northern Germany. We provide data per household of apparent, active and reactive power (W), voltage (V), current (A) and the power factor (no unit) in 10 seconds to 60 minutes temporal resolution from May 2018 to the end of 2020. We validated the dataset both in itself, comparing different measurements that should produce the same results, and externally to standard load profiles and found no major inconsistencies. We identified an average consumption per single-family house with 2.38 inhabitants of 2829 kWh for the household and an additional 4993 kWh for the heat pump. The dataset can support the understanding of patterns in electrical load curves and can help to estimate the additional load on distribution networks induced by heat pumps.
Transcriptome analysis of genes associated with autolysis of Coprinus comatus
Authors: Guo Hong-Bo , Zhang Zhi-Fei , Wang Jia-Qing , Wang Si-Yu , Yang Ji-Kang , Xing Xi-Yao , Qi Xiao-Jian , Yu Xiao-Dan
Published: February 2022

Coprinus comatus, widely known as “Jituigu”, is an important commodity and food in China. The yield of C. comatus, however, is substantially reduced by the autolysis of the fruiting bodies after harvest. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism underlying this autolysis, we divided the growth of C. comatus fruiting bodies into four stages: infant stage (I), mature stage (M), discolored stage (D), and autolysis stage (A). We then subjected these stages to de novo transcriptomic analysis using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. A total of 12,946 unigenes were annotated and analyzed with the Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). We analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between stages I and M, M and D, and D and A. Because the changes from M to D are thought to be related to autolysis, we focused on the DEGs between these two stages. We found that the pathways related to metabolic activity began to vary in the transition from M to D, including pathways named as autophagy—yeast, peroxisome, and starch and sucrose metabolism. This study also speculates the possible process of the autolysis of Coprinus comatus. In addition, 20 genes of interest were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to verify their expression profiles at the four developmental stages. This study, which is the first to describe the transcriptome of C. comatus, provides a foundation for future studies concerning the molecular basis of the autolysis of its fruiting bodies.
Topological synchronization of chaotic systems
Authors: Lahav Nir , Sendiña-Nadal Irene , Hens Chittaranjan , Ksherim Baruch , Barzel Baruch , Cohen Reuven , Boccaletti Stefano
Published: February 2022

A chaotic dynamics is typically characterized by the emergence of strange attractors with their fractal or multifractal structure. On the other hand, chaotic synchronization is a unique emergent self-organization phenomenon in nature. Classically, synchronization was characterized in terms of macroscopic parameters, such as the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. Recently, however, we attempted a microscopic description of synchronization, called topological synchronization, and showed that chaotic synchronization is, in fact, a continuous process that starts in low-density areas of the attractor. Here we analyze the relation between the two emergent phenomena by shifting the descriptive level of topological synchronization to account for the multifractal nature of the visited attractors. Namely, we measure the generalized dimension of the system and monitor how it changes while increasing the coupling strength. We show that during the gradual process of topological adjustment in phase space, the multifractal structures of each strange attractor of the two coupled oscillators continuously converge, taking a similar form, until complete topological synchronization ensues. According to our results, chaotic synchronization has a specific trait in various systems, from continuous systems and discrete maps to high dimensional systems: synchronization initiates from the sparse areas of the attractor, and it creates what we termed as the ‘zipper effect’, a distinctive pattern in the multifractal structure of the system that reveals the microscopic buildup of the synchronization process. Topological synchronization offers, therefore, a more detailed microscopic description of chaotic synchronization and reveals new information about the process even in cases of high mismatch parameters.
Refractive index measurements of solid deuterium–tritium
Authors: Iwano Keisuke , Zhang Jiaqi , Iwamoto Akifumi , Iwasa Yuki , Shigemori Keisuke , Hara Masanori , Hatano Yuji , Norimatsu Takayoshi , Yamanoi Kohei
Published: February 2022

Physical properties of tritium (T) and deuterium (D) have been of great interest as a fuel for nuclear fusion. However, several kinds of the physical properties in a cryogenic environment have not been reported. Optical properties in liquid and solid phases are indispensable for the quality control of the DT fuel. We study the dependence of the refractive index of solid DT on temperature. A dedicated cryogenic system has been developed and forms a transparent solid DT in a prism cell. Refractive index measurements based on Snell’s law were conducted. The refractive indexes of solid DT are from 1.1618 ± 0.0002 to 1.1628 ± 0.0002 in the temperature range of 19.40 K to 17.89 K.
Non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors developed from in silico screen hits
Authors: Rossetti Giacomo G. , Ossorio Marianna A. , Rempel Stephan , Kratzel Annika , Dionellis Vasilis S. , Barriot Samia , Tropia Laurence , Gorgulla Christoph , Arthanari Haribabu , Thiel Volker , Mohr Peter , Gamboni Remo , Halazonetis Thanos D.
Published: February 2022

Mpro, the main protease of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is essential for the viral life cycle. Accordingly, several groups have performed in silico screens to identify Mpro inhibitors that might be used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. We selected more than five hundred compounds from the top-ranking hits of two very large in silico screens for on-demand synthesis. We then examined whether these compounds could bind to Mpro and inhibit its protease activity. Two interesting chemotypes were identified, which were further evaluated by characterizing an additional five hundred synthesis on-demand analogues. The compounds of the first chemotype denatured Mpro and were considered not useful for further development. The compounds of the second chemotype bound to and enhanced the melting temperature of Mpro. The most active compound from this chemotype inhibited Mpro in vitro with an IC50 value of 1 μM and suppressed replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in tissue culture cells. Its mode of binding to Mpro was determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing that it is a non-covalent inhibitor. We propose that the inhibitors described here could form the basis for medicinal chemistry efforts that could lead to the development of clinically relevant inhibitors.
Introducing a novel beta-ray sensor based on polycarbonate/bismuth oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Safdari Seyed Musa , Malekie Shahryar , Kashian Sedigheh , Akbari Morteza
Published: February 2022

In this research, for the first time, the polycarbonate/bismuth oxide (PC–Bi2O3) composite was studied as a beta-ray sensor using a pure beta-emitter 90Sr source. Firstly, the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite at various loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% were calculated using the ESTAR program. Results of simulation demonstrated that the concentration of the heavy metal oxide particles into the polymer matrix played an important role in evaluating the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite. Secondly, at the experimental phase, the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC–Bi2O3 nanocomposite with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 0.1 cm3 were prepared and irradiated by 90Sr. Also, current–voltage (I–V) plot exhibited linear response ranging from 100 to 1000 V at the fixed source‐to‐surface distance (SSD). Then the amount of electric current as the sensor response was measured in various dose rates at the fixed voltage of 400 V for the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC–Bi2O3 nanocomposite using an electrometer, in which results showed that the sensitivities were found as 20.3, and 33.3 nC mSv−1 cm−3, respectively. This study showed that this composite could serve as a novel beta-ray sensor.
Ubiquitous karst hydrological control on speleothem oxygen isotope variability in a global study
Authors: Treble Pauline C. , Baker Andy , Abram Nerilie J. , Hellstrom John C. , Crawford Jagoda , Gagan Michael K. , Borsato Andrea , Griffiths Alan D. , Bajo Petra , Markowska Monika , Priestley Stacey C. , Hankin Stuart , Paterson David
Published: February 2022

Speleothem oxygen isotopic (δ18O) records are used to reconstruct past hydroclimate yet records from the same cave do not always replicate. We use a global database of speleothem δ18O to quantify the replicability of records to show that disagreement is common worldwide, occurs across timescales and is unrelated to climate, depth or lithology. Our global analysis demonstrates that within-cave differences in mean speleothem δ18O values are consistent with those of dripwater, supporting a ubiquitous influence of flowpaths. We present a case study of four new stalagmite records from Golgotha Cave, southwest Australia, where the isotopic differences between them are informed by cave monitoring. It is demonstrated that karst hydrology is a major driver of within-cave speleothem and dripwater δ18O variability, primarily due to the influence of fractures on flowpaths. Applying our understanding of water movement through fractures assists in quantitative reconstruction of past climate variability from speleothem δ18O records.
Extraction of curcumin from turmeric residue (Curcuma longa L.) using deep eutectic solvents and surfactant solvents
Authors: Le Nhan Trong , Hoang Nguyen Thuy , Van Van Tuong Thi , Nguyen Trieu Phat Dac , Chau Ngoc Huyen Thi , Le Nguyen Thao Nguyen , Le Hien Bich Thi , Phung Huong Thanh , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Nguyen Hien Minh
Published: February 2022

An efficient choline chloride-based DES method is used to extract curcumin in turmeric residue for the first time.
Luminescent iridium(iii) dipyrrinato complexes: synthesis, X-ray structures, and DFT and photocytotoxicity studies of glycosylated derivatives
Authors: Manav Neha , Lone Mohsin Y. , Raza Md Kausar , Chavda Jaydeepsinh , Mori Shigeki , Gupta Iti
Published: February 2022

Synthesis and studies of luminescent Ir(iii) dipyrrinato complexes are reported. The ER targeting glycosylated Ir(iii) dipyrrinato complexes are able to cause ER stress after singlet oxygen generation leading to cell apoptosis.
Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)
Authors: Gelner Alexander D. , Rothe Dieter , Kykal Carsten , Irwin Martin , Sommer Alessandro , Pastoetter Christian , Härtl Martin , Jaensch Malte , Wachtmeister Georg
Published: February 2022

OME as sustainable alternative diesel fuel burns without the agglomeration of soot particles which is the case for fossil and paraffinic diesel fuels. Nuclei mode particles are mainly of a volatile nature and do not survive exhaust aftertreatment.
Challenges and advances in wide-temperature rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhou Limin , Ma Hua , Wu Zhonghan , Zhao Qing , Li Haixia , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: February 2022

Building rechargeable lithium batteries for wide-temperature applications requires us to investigate the battery failure mechanism at low/high temperature, design advanced electrode/electrolyte materials, and optimize the battery management system.
Statistical and microbial analysis of bio-electrochemical sensors used for carbon monitoring at water resource recovery facilities
Authors: Emaminejad Seyed Aryan , Morgan Victoria L. , Kumar Kuldip , Kavathekar Avanti , Ragush Colin , Shuai Weitao , Jia Zhen , Huffaker Ray , Wells George , Cusick Roland D.
Published: February 2022

Real-time carbon monitoring of wastewater using bio-electrochemical sensors coupled with advanced data analysis methods provides WRRFs with an opportunity for efficient wastewater quality monitoring and an early warning tool for plant upsets.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA is enriched by orders of magnitude in primary settled solids relative to liquid wastewater at publicly owned treatment works
Authors: Kim Sooyeol , Kennedy Lauren C. , Wolfe Marlene K. , Criddle Craig S. , Duong Dorothea H. , Topol Aaron , White Bradley J. , Kantor Rose S. , Nelson Kara L. , Steele Joshua A. , Langlois Kylie , Griffith John F. , Zimmer-Faust Amity G. , McLellan Sandra L. , Schussman Melissa K. , Ammerman Michelle , Wigginton Krista R. , Bakker Kevin M. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: February 2022

We compared SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary settled solids and raw wastewater samples matched in date to investigate the relationship between the two matrices.
Biological properties and therapeutic applications of garlic and its components
Authors: Melguizo-Rodríguez Lucía , García-Recio Enrique , Ruiz Concepción , De Luna-Bertos Elvira , Illescas-Montes Rebeca , Costela-Ruiz Víctor J.
Published: February 2022

Garlic is attributed with biological properties and therapeutic utilities.
Alleviation effects ofRubus coreanusMiquel root extract on skin symptoms and inflammation in chronic atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwa , Kim Wonyong
Published: February 2022

Rubus coreanusMiquel root ameliorates AD by suppression of IgE hyperproduction, inflammatory response and allergic factor with recovering skin barrier function.
Porous organic polymer (POP) nanosheets: an efficient photo-catalyst for visible-light assisted CO2 reduction
Authors: Das Surya , Chowdhury Ipsita Hazra , Chakraborty Adwitiya , Naskar Milan Kanti , Sarkar Mitali , Manirul Islam S. K.
Published: February 2022

We have designed a nano-sheet-like porous organic polymer (POP) constructed via a schematic hydrothermal process and characterized it using PXRD, N2 adsorption–desorption studies, UV-vis, XPS and microscopic analyses (TEM and FESEM).
Low-temperature and gram-scale synthesis of chemically stable covalent organic frameworks in an aqueous medium
Authors: Ma Xueji , Xu Wan , Liang Xiaoqian , Qiu Jikuan
Published: February 2022

A facile and green scalable approach for production of chemically stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in aqueous medium at room temperature was reported by exploring an ionic liquid ([Bmim][N(CN)2) as the superior catalyst.
Carbide coating on nickel to enhance the stability of supported metal nanoclusters
Authors: Chesnyak Valeria , Stavrić Srdjan , Panighel Mirco , Comelli Giovanni , Peressi Maria , Africh Cristina
Published: February 2022

Cobalt (Co) on bare Ni(100) surface forms 2D islands which are unstable and completely dissolve into bulk at 250 °C. Carbide coating favors the formation of 3D Co nanoclusters and acts as a protective layer against Co dissolution.
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of pyrene derived carbon nano dots: a single-particle level analysis
Authors: Batra Gayatri , Sharma Shubham , Kaushik Kush , Rao Chethana , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Krishan , Ghosh Subrata , Jariwala Deep , Stach Eric A. , Yadav Aditya , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: February 2022

Here, we present three distinct fluorescent components in CNDs synthesized from pyrene, a well-known precursor molecule.
A liposome-based combination strategy using doxorubicin and a PI3K inhibitor efficiently inhibits pre-metastatic initiation by acting on both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Luo Chaohui , Zhou Minglu , Chen Cheng , Li Shujie , Li Qiuyi , Huang Yuan , Zhou Zhou
Published: February 2022

In this work, a liposome-based combination strategy which involves tumor-damaging liposome (Lip-Dox) and PI3K-inhibiting liposome (Lip-LY) was developed to simultaneously regulate tumor cells and TAMs for inhibiting pre-metastatic initiation.
Backbone and side chain-linker tunability among dithiocarbamate, ester and amide in sequence-defined oligomers: synthesis and structure–property–function relationship
Authors: Jose Anna , Porel Mintu
Published: February 2022

The design and synthesis of sequence-defined oligomers with tunable backbones and side chains and their application in material and biomedical sciences.
An unexpected photoinduced cyclization to synthesize fully substituted γ-spirolactones via intramolecular hydrogen abstraction with allyl acrylates
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhou Min , Zhu Jing-Ping , Zhang Xiang-Fei , Liu Zu-Jiang , Li Hao-Ran , Chen Yan , Chen He-Ping , Zhao Jie , Pu Jian-Xin , Yu Miao , Liu Ji-Kai , Wu Bin
Published: February 2022

A photoinduced intramolecular cyclization of allyl acrylates to synthesize fully substituted spiro-γ-butyrolactone compounds is described. The reaction is believed to proceed through an intramolecular hydrogen abstraction strategy.
Spatially resolved investigation into the coke formation and chemical states of nickel during autothermal reforming of acetic acid over Ni/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts
Authors: Phongprueksathat Nat , Thanasujaree Thanakorn , Meeyoo Vissanu , Rirksomboon Thirasak
Published: February 2022

Space-resolved activity and catalyst characterization of acetic acid autothermal reforming revealed that co-fed oxygen reduces overall coke formation, while Ni oxidation could reduce hydrogen yield as well as promote polymeric and carbidic cokes.
Surface silanized MWCNTs doped PVDF nanocomposite with self-organized dipoles: an intrinsic study on the dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and energy harvesting phenomenology
Authors: Chandran Akash M. , Mural Prasanna Kumar S.
Published: February 2022

Tailoring the dispersion of nanoparticles and simultaneously enhancing the polar β-phase of a PVDF polymer for developing a high-performing dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric nanocomposite.
The long-awaited synthesis and self-assembly of a small rigid C3-symmetric trilactam
Authors: Li Yutang , Strand Daniel , Grimme Stefan , Jónsson Stefán , Wärnmark Kenneth
Published: February 2022

A C3 symmetric building block for self-assembly.
Trisyl-based multidentate ligands: synthesis and their transition-metal complexes
Authors: Yin Zhu-Bao , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: February 2022

Herein we report the synthesis and applications of unusual trisyl-based multidentate ligands [trisyl = tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl, –C(SiMe3)3].
Mono-copper far more active than analogous di-copper complex for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Singh Varinder , Abudayyeh Abdullah M. , Robb Matthew G. , Brooker Sally
Published: February 2022

Two metal ions are not better than one: new bimetallic 2 (blue), with no NH in the macrocyclic framework, is inactive, whereas literature monometallic 1 (red), with an NH group in the macrocyclic framework, is an active HER electrocatalyst.
Noble metal-free bis-tridentate benzimidazole zinc(ii) and iron(ii) complexes for selective CO2photoreduction
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen Longxin , Chao Duobin
Published: February 2022

A bis-tridentate benzimidazole iron(ii) complex is found to be much more efficient than the corresponding zinc(ii) complex in CO2photoreduction.
On the reactivity of Al-group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) bonds
Authors: Liu Han-Ying , Neale Samuel E. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L.
Published: February 2022

Reactions of the seven-membered cyclic potassium diamidoalumanyl, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl), with a variety of Cu(i), Ag(i) and Au(i) chloride N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts are described.
Crystalline azobenzene composites as photochemical phase-change materials
Authors: Griffiths Kieran , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Griffin John M.
Published: February 2022

Crystalline binary mixtures of azobenzene and 4-methoxyazobenzene are reported and form photochemical phase change materials that possess working temperatures in the range of −58 °C to 31 °C.
Enhanced transglycosylation activity of an Endo-F3 mutant by ligand-directed localization
Authors: Zou Xiangman , Liu Zhi , Liu Liya , Shi Wei , Li Wanzhen , Guo Zifen , Tang Feng , Huang Wei
Published: February 2022

Proximity-directed Endo-F3 D165A was developed by chemically arming with an Fc affinity tag, which exhibited excellent transglycosylation activities towards IgG, indicating a promising strategy for enzyme activity enhancement by chemical tools.
Biomimetic synthesis of the non-canonical PPAP natural products yezo'otogirin C and hypermogin D, and studies towards the synthesis of norascyronone A
Authors: Sassnink Stefania A. , Phan Quang D. , Lam Hiu C. , Day Aaron J. , Murray Lauren A. M. , George Jonathan H.
Published: February 2022

A biomimetic, racemic synthesis of hypermogin D has been achieved via oxidative radical cyclization of hyperibrin A followed by oxidative rearrangement of yezo'otogirin C.
A novel type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane with fluorine as the donor: (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with carbonyls
Authors: Liu Haidong , Tian Lifang , Wang Hui , Li Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Chi , Xue Fei , Feng Chao
Published: February 2022

A new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane with gem-difluorine as an unconventional donor group undergoes (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with various aldehydes/ketones, affording densely functionalized gem-difluorotetrahydrofurans.
Aliphatic Nitroso-compounds. Part 1. Reaction with Diazomethane. A New Group of Nitrones
Authors: Baldwin J. E. , Qureshi A. K. , Sklarz B.
Published: February 2022

Nitrosoalkanes react quantitatively with diazomethane to yield a new series of nitrones, unsubstituted at the α-carbon. Their adducts with several 1,3-dipolarophiles are described. N-Methylenemesitylarnine N-oxide slowly undergoes dimerisation and oxidation to a yellow ethylenedi-imine di-N-oxide.
The Effects of Virtual Assessment on Capturing Skill Growth in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Lund Emily , Werfel Krystal L.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of switching from in-person assessment to virtual assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth trajectories of children with hearing loss who are learning spoken language.

Method:

Sixty-eight children with typical hearing, 44 children with cochlear implants, and 47 children with hearing aids were assessed with a norm-referenced measure of receptive vocabulary, a criterion-referenced measure of phonological awareness, and a criterion-referenced measure of conceptual print knowledge at least 4 times, at 6-month intervals, between the ages of 4 and 6 years. Of those participants, 26 children with typical hearing, 13 children with cochlear implants, and 13 children with hearing aids entered virtual testing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The slopes of growth for children who entered virtual testing were compared to their own slopes prepandemic and to the growth slopes of children who completed all testing in-person, prepandemic.

Results:

Within-subject comparisons across all measures did not show a change in growth slopes prepandemic to postpandemic. For the measure of conceptual print knowledge, children who were tested during the pandemic showed slower overall growth than children who were tested prepandemic. No effects of hearing status were found across growth on any measure.

Conclusion:

These preliminary data support the use of virtual assessment to measure growth in receptive vocabulary, phonological awareness, and conceptual print knowledge in children with hearing loss learning spoken language.
Profiling Bilingual Children: Using Monolingual Assessment to Inform Diagnosis
Authors: Rose Karen , Armon-Lotem Sharon , Altman Carmit
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Diagnostic tools developed for monolinguals are frequently used for bilingual linguistic assessment. The absence of evaluation criteria for using monolingual norms for bilinguals contributes to inconsistent diagnostic procedures, impacting research and clinical practice. This study considers the reliance on monolingual tools to assess the heritage language to identify bilingual atypical language development (ALD) even when bilingual norms are available for the societal language.

Method:

One hundred thirty-one English–Hebrew bilingual children aged 5;6–5;11 (years;months) were assessed using diagnostic tools. Bilingual standards are available for the societal language but not for the heritage language. Fifteen English–Hebrew bilingual children were suspected of ALD. They were individually compared with 116 typically developing bilingual peers. The Core Language Score and seven subtest standardized scores of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool–Second Edition were analyzed in the heritage language, English.

Results:

Results revealed that a composite score used for differential diagnosis in monolingual children cannot be relied upon for bilingual children. Measurements vary in their diagnostic accuracy, with Concepts and Following Directions (comprehension of instructions), Receptive and Expressive Word Classes (lexicon), and Sentence Repetition (syntax) being the most promising for identifying ALD in bilingual children. Lastly, bilingual children's age of onset of bilingualism must be considered in the analysis of linguistic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Findings elucidate that monolingual assessments for heritage speakers must consider bilingual models of development to ensure a reliable and informative diagnosis. Interacting factors, such as reliance on language-specific knowledge and the recruitment of other nonlinguistic processing skills, may influence a measurement's sensitivity. The findings are pertinent to the practice of speech-language pathologists, informing evidence-based assessment procedures for bilingual children. A group study to determine whether the suggested bilingual standards can identify ALD with acceptable specificity and sensitivity is now recommended.
Voices From the Field: Strategies for Effective Telepractice for Children With Autism Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Snodgrass Melinda R. , Douglas Sarah N.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Providing telepractice services to young children with autism who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can present many challenges for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). At the same time, telepractice can be a valuable service delivery option with unique benefits, such as improving partnerships with families, integrating AAC services with other educational services, promoting communication skills in natural settings, and addressing the need for clinicians with AAC experience in locations that have been underserved. The purpose of this study was to learn from SLPs utilizing telepractice about the strategies they found most effective in serving children learning to use aided AAC, particularly young children with autism.

Method:

Participants were 230 SLPs who responded to a national survey about using telepractice to serve children who use aided AAC. The survey occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, when more SLPs than ever before were navigating how to use telepractice effectively. Open-ended survey questions asked SLPs about advice and strategies they found to increase effectiveness. These responses were analyzed using an iterative, team-based approach to qualitative content analysis.

Results:

SLPs raised strategies to support the effectiveness of telepractice in three areas: (a) Be strategic about how to provide services. (b) Communicate and collaborate with others. (c) Keep learning and hold onto reasonable expectations.

Conclusions:

Telepractice can be an advantageous service delivery option for SLPs serving children with autism who use aided AAC. These strategies can help SLPs navigate challenges and support the effectiveness of their services.
An adaptive nonlinear filter with missing measurements compensation for manoeuvring target tracking
Authors: Lv Runyan , Cai Yunze , Dong Xiangxiang
Published: February 2022

To solve the problem of missing measurements in highly manoeuvring target tracking, an expected‐mode‐augmentation‐based unscented Kalman filter with missing measurements compensation (EMA‐MMCUKF) is designed based on the variable‐structure multiple model method. In the proposed EMA‐MMCUKF, the random missing measurements are described by the Bernoulli distribution, and the one‐step prediction is used as the compensation. Based on the proposed EMA‐MMCUKF, a Bayesian estimation‐based expected‐mode‐augmentation unscented Kalman filter with missing measurements compensation (BE‐EMA‐MMCUKF) is proposed for adaptive estimation of the sensor measurement reception rate, where the unknown measurement reception rate can be estimated by fully utilising prior information. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EMA‐MMCUKF can effectively track the manoeuvring target at different measurement reception rates. Moreover, when the sensor prior information differs significantly from the true measurement reception rate, the proposed BE‐EMA‐MMCUKF can effectively estimate the unknown sensor measurement reception rate and improve the accuracy of manoeuvring target tracking compared with non‐estimation of the sensor measurement reception rate.
Multivariate time series classification using kernel matrix
Authors: Sun Jiancheng , Niu Huimin , Tu Zongqing , Wu Zhinan , Chen Si
Published: February 2022

Multivariate time series (MTS) classification is a fundamental problem in time series mining, and the approach based on covariance matrix is an attractive way to solve the classification. In this study, it is noted that a traditional covariance matrix is only a particular form of kernel matrices, and then presented a classification method for MTS. First, the Gaussian kernel matrix is employed to replace the traditional covariance matrix. Then the kernel matrix is mapped into the tangent space of Riemannian manifold. Finally, the classification is implemented by choosing a classification algorithm. The experimental results show that the classification performance based on the Gaussian kernel matrix outperforms the other two methods, which indicates that an appropriate kernel function is an essential factor in improving the classification performance.
Novel adaptive reclosing scheme of MMC‐HVDC transmission lines based on phase synchronization compensation control
Authors: Zhang Jingru , He Baina , Cui Rongxi , He Xingmin , Dong Yanchen
Published: February 2022

Modular multilevel converter based on high voltage director current is important for large‐scale power regional interconnection. Adaptive reclosing is critical to improving the safety and economy of power transmission. The time‐frequency characteristics during fault clearance are analysed by Hilbert transform to suppress over‐voltage or over‐current resulting from short‐circuit fault. A phase synchronization compensation control algorithm is designed based on voltage and current through the virtual network. The rapid suppression of fault overvoltage is achieved by synchronously switching network attributes. Furthermore, the line recovery voltage is introduced into the fault property identification. The proposed adaptive reclosing scheme with high‐speed dynamics can raise the comprehensive benefits of the power system. Studies have verified that phase synchronization compensation control can effectively reduce the impact of oscillation. Moreover, permanent and transient faults can be quickly and reliably discriminated during de‐ionization by multi‐device coordination, which is earlier than the traditional adaptive reclosing scheme. It provides a basis for the fault recovery optimization strategy coordinating with multiple equipment.
Inadequate dataset learning for major depressive disorder MRI semantic classification
Authors: Liu Jie , Dey Nilanjan , Crespo Ruben González , Shi Fuqian , Liu Chanjuan
Published: February 2022

Predicting patients with major depression (MDD) is currently a difficult task. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data analysis may provide insight into individual patient responses, allowing for more customized treatment decisions. Due to the absence of brain MRI data for MDD patients, a transfer learning (TL) method developed is used using calculation criteria. Combining an Inception‐v3 neural network with a typical pre‐trained neural network, the move learning‐based Inception‐v3 was proposed for the classification of MDD MRI datasets. An experiment was performed on the classification of eight semantic emotions (defined by IMAPS). Compared to other methods, the proposed method performs high efficiency for 90–10% and 80–20% (positive and negative classes), normal (N), unnormal (UN), and average/total sets, and for 70–30%, accuracy (A) is 92.90%, area under the curve (AUC) is 94.23%, and average precision score (APS) is 95.75%. Individual patients' responses to emotional stimulation can be predicted using the proposed methods, which can provide guidance in diagnosis and prognosis.
A generalized probabilistic multi‐objective method for optimal allocation of soft open point (SOP) in distribution networks
Authors: Rezaeian‐Marjani Saeed , Galvani Sadjad , Talavat Vahid
Published: February 2022

Soft open point (SOP) as a novel power electronics‐based device has been introduced to control active power flow, compensate reactive power, and regulate voltage for flexible operation of distribution networks. The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) units with uncertain outputs in distribution networks increases the importance of optimal and robust allocation of SOP against multiple uncertainties to improve the performance of these networks. In this paper, a probabilistic multi‐objective framework is proposed for optimal allocation of SOP in RESs included distribution networks. A novel SOP modeling in the forward‐backward load flow method without any simplification is introduced. In addition, this study investigates the impact of various correlation levels between uncertain input variables in the problem. The multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method is used to extract Pareto‐based solutions set considering the expected value of active power losses, feeder load balancing index (LBI), and investment cost of SOP as objective functions. Also, the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and Cholesky decomposition methods are implemented to uncertainties modeling and handling the correlations, respectively. The results of the proposed study framework are argued on the IEEE 33‐node and the IEEE 118‐node distribution networks.
Two‐stage voltage control strategy in distribution networks with coordinated multimode operation of PV inverters
Authors: Li Shiwei , Wu Hongbin , Zhou Yiyao , Bi Rui , Qi Xianjun , Sun Ming , Xu Bin
Published: February 2022

To solve the problems of voltage violation and fast voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic (PV) grid connections in distribution networks, a two‐stage coordinated voltage control strategy for PV inverters with multimode coordinated operation in distribution networks (DNs) is proposed. It is based on the characteristics of PV inverters that can be regulated rapidly and continuously. First, the voltage control process is divided into two control stages according to the voltage change rate, and the corresponding voltage control models are established. Then, the operating modes of PV inverters are classified into three modes: economic prevention, economic control, and efficient control. Different operating modes are used to adapt to the two‐stage voltage control. Finally, a voltage fast control solution algorithm is proposed, which considers adaptive time delays and combines local measurement, prediction, and communication information to update control commands. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed voltage control strategy were demonstrated through simulation tests on a real 10‐kV line with a high PV penetration rate in the Anhui province of China. The results show that the proposed strategy can prevent voltage violation and sudden changes and can smooth out voltage fluctuation.
An environmental‐friendly green energy system with a real wind speed prediction based on innovative hierarchical forecast error correction model
Authors: Akhtar Iram , Altamimi Abdullah , Khan Zafar Ali , Kirmani Sheeraz
Published: February 2022

Precise forecasting of wind speed is an important technology to permit the reliable and efficient operation of sustainable energy system. Here, the authors offer an effective wind speed prediction (EWSP) technique based on advanced forecast error correction model (AFECM). Ramapuram, Chennai is selected to fit the wind‐energy‐based systems and ENNORE thermal power station, Chennai is selected to decrease the carbon footprints. In the proposed technique, the error correction model is made to produce the final forecast. The proposed wind speed prediction based on innovative hierarchical forecast error correction model reveals that with the proposed AFEC+ MSVM technique, the hourly average RMSEs, MADs, MSEs and MAPEs in Delivery 24 are decreased by 2.277%, 1.012%, 0.234%, and 1.245 % as compared to the normal SVM technique, while with AFEC+SVM method, average errors in RMSEs, MADs, MSEs and MAPEs in Delivery‐24 are reduced by 3.385%, 2.056%, 1.956% and 2.546% as compared with the normal SVM technique, whereas the forecasting errors with AFEC+BP method, the middling errors in RMSEs, MADs, MSEs and MAPEs in Delivery‐24 are decreased by 2.867%, 1.654%, 1.834% and 2.298%, compared with simple BP method. The study displays that 1,485,550 kg CO2 emission is decreased from the ENNORE thermal power plant.