bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence or low IGF‐1R‐expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor invasiveness and radicality of surgical resection
Authors: De Bruijn Kirstin , Biermann Katharina , Shapiro Joel , Dogan Fadime , Spaander Manon , Janssen Joseph , Wijnhoven Bas , Borsboom Gerard , Hofland Leo , van Eijck Casper
Published: June 2015

Background and Objectives

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence increases, maybe due to increasing prevalences of obesity and diabetes. Concurrent hyperinsulinemia might promote carcinogenesis via the insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor (IGF‐1R). Expression of the IGF‐1R was studied in correlation with diabetes and prognostic parameters.

Methods

Patients with EAC undergoing esophagectomy were prospectively selected. From resected tumors a tissue microarray was constructed. Immunohistochemistry evaluated IGF‐1R‐expression. Logistic‐, cox regression models and survival analyses assessed if diabetes and IGF‐1R‐expression were associated with prognostic parameters. IGF‐1R‐expression in normal and Barrett tissues was studied.

Results

Absence or low IGF‐1R‐expression was associated with T3‐, grade 3 tumors and R1 resections (P = 0.001, P = 0.025, P < 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression showed that this was associated with R1 resections (HR 0.24, 95%CI 0.11–0.52). Diabetes was not associated with IGF‐1R‐expression (P = 0.612). Absence or low IGF‐1R‐expression decreased 5‐year overall survival (P = 0.023) univariably, but not multivariably. IGF‐1R‐expression was present in Barrett tissues, but diminished in high‐grade dysplasia.

Conclusions

Absence or low expression of IGF‐1R was associated with high grade‐ and advanced tumors and less radical resections. IGF‐1R might be a tumor marker in Barrett's esophagus since a change in expression patterns was found in the course from normal esophageal tissue to adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1047–1053. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations are common in portopulmonary hypertension and may be associated with decreased survival
Authors: Fussner Lynn A. , Iyer Vivek N. , Cartin‐Ceba Rodrigo , Lin Grace , Watt Kymberly D. , Krowka Michael J.
Published: June 2015

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) are pulmonary vascular complications of portal hypertension with divergent clinicopathologic features and management. The presence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs), detected by agitated saline contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE), is an essential feature of HPS but is not typically characteristic of POPH. Although IPVDs have been reported rarely in POPH, the prevalence and significance of this finding have not been systematically studied. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 80 consecutive patients diagnosed with POPH from January 1, 2002 to June 30, 2014 with documentation of cTTE findings, pulmonary hemodynamics, oxygenation, and survival. A total of 34 of the 80 patients (42%) underwent cTTE during initial diagnosis of POPH. IPVDs were detected in 20/34 patients (59%); intracardiac shunting was detected in 9/34 patients (26%; 4 also had IPVDs); and 9 patients (26%) had negative cTTE with no evidence of IPVD or intracardiac shunting. Patients with IPVD had decreased survival as compared to those without IPVD (P = 0.003), a trend that persisted after exclusion of liver transplant recipients (P =  0.07). The IPVD group had a trend toward higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score with and without incorporating sodium (MELD or MELD‐Na; P = 0.05 for both). The right ventricular index of myocardial performance (RIMP) was lower in the IPVD group (median, 0.4 versus 0.6; P = 0.006). Patients with moderate or large IPVDs (n = 6) had worse oxygenation parameters (partial pressure of arterial oxygen, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient) as compared to the rest of the cohort. Unexpectedly, IPVDs were frequently documented in POPH and associated with decreased survival. To further understand this observation, we recommend screening for IVPD in all patients with POPH. Liver Transpl 21:1355‐1364, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Electrospun Fibers Containing Bio‐Based Ricinoleic Acid: Effect of Amount and Distribution of Ricinoleic Acid Unit on Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Totaro Grazia , Paltrinieri Laura , Mazzola Giuseppe , Vannini Micaela , Sisti Laura , Gualandi Chiara , Ballestrazzi Antonio , Valeri Sergio , Pollicino Antonino , Celli Annamaria , Di Gioia Diana , Focarete Maria Letizia
Published: June 2015

Novel bio‐based and biodegradable electrospun membranes, containing bactericidal ricinoleic acid (RA) units either by copolymerization with butylene succinate (BS) units or by blending PRA and PBS homopolymers, are characterized in their chemical, thermal, mechanical and surface properties. In the blends E. coli and S. aureus mortality rate increases with PRA amount, while the copolymer shows lower bactericidal activity compared to the blend with similar composition. XPS demonstrates that in the blends an enrichment of RA units at the fiber surface occurs during electrospinning due to phase separation, while in the copolymer RA units are homogeneously dispersed along fiber cross‐section.
Properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) in the general population
Authors: Legleye Stéphane , Guignard Romain , Richard Jean‐Baptiste , Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Beck François
Published: June 2015

This paper explores the DSM‐IV latent structure of cannabis users (especially its invariance towards gender and age) and assesses the psychometric properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) by confrontation with the theoretical diagnoses [dependence and cannabis use disorders (CUD)] and the latent class structure of the DSM‐IV. The random sample comprised 550 French cannabis smokers aged 15–62 years interviewed by telephone. DSM‐IV diagnoses were assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Internal structures of both instruments were assessed using factor analysis and latent class analysis. Optimal CAST cutoffs were determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). CAST and DSM‐IV were unidimensional (Cronbach's α = 0.742 and 0.752, respectively), although a two‐factor solution showed a better fit for the CAST. CAST cutoffs for screening CUD and dependence were three (AUC = 0.851) and five (AUC = 0.868), respectively. DSM‐IV latent class structure varied only marginally in age and gender. Three classes of cannabis smokers were determined, ordered along a continuum of symptoms: non‐symptomatic (61.1%), moderate (32.9%) and severe (6.0%). CAST cutoff scores for screening moderate/severe and severe were, respectively, three (AUC = 0.869) and eight (AUC = 0.952). Results are compared to those obtained in previous CAST studies and discussed in line with the DSM‐5. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of oxygen concentration during the deposition of window layers on lowering the metastability effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CBD Zn(S,O) based solar cell
Authors: Naghavi Negar , Temgoua Solange , Hildebrandt Thibaud , Guillemoles Jean François , Lincot Daniel
Published: June 2015

The purpose of the present paper is to focus on the impact of oxygen gas partial pressure during the sputtering of i‐ZnO and ZnMgO on the transient behavior of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) based solar cells parameters when a CBD‐Zn(S,O) buffer layer is used. Based on electrical characterization of cells, it is observed that the effect of light soaking is different on J–V characteristics depending on whether oxygen is or is not present during the first deposition time of the i‐ZnO or ZnMgO layers. In fact, when cells are prepared with standard i‐ZnO, the efficiencies are very low and a pronounced transient behavior is observed. However, when the first 10 nm of i‐ZnO or ZnMgO is formed by sputtered layer without adding oxygen during the process, depending on the thickness of the buffer layer, the transient effects strongly decreases. It is then possible to get stable cells reaching efficiencies quite similar to the CdS reference cells, especially with ZnMgO, without any post‐treatments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative Applications of Surface Wettability Measurements for Plasma‐Modified Three‐Dimensional Porous Polymeric Materials: A Review
Authors: Hawker Morgan J. , Pegalajar‐Jurado Adoracion , Fisher Ellen R.
Published: June 2015

This review addresses state‐of‐the‐art of wettability measurements for plasma‐modified, three‐dimensional (3D), porous, polymeric materials. Inherent challenges associated with evaluating wettability of these complex constructs are discussed, including expanding techniques from 2D to 3D substrates and collection of both static and dynamic contact angle (CA) data. Dynamic data include advancing and receding CA measurements, as well as changes in CA as a function of time. Limitations in analysis and interpretation of wettability data are highlighted to best represent wetting characteristics of plasma‐treated porous materials, as is the importance of placing wettability data in context with simultaneous surface chemistry and roughness assessment. A list of best practices recommendations is provided.
The Changing Geographies of Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales, 1991–2011
Authors: Catney Gemma
Published: June 2015

While ethnic diversity is traditionally an urban characteristic, new spaces of diversity are emerging. This challenges our current understandings of the geographies of ethnic diversity and forces us to consider the more intricate spatial patterns and processes of ethnic group population change. Ethnic diversity, now a key feature of contemporary society in Britain, is an issue of public, policy, political, and academic interest; the 2011 Census provided an opportunity to update our knowledge of how diversity has grown, and in what ways. This paper explores the new geographies of ethnic diversity in England and Wales, mapping the evolving landscape of diversity over two decades. The paper makes use of measures of diversity and clustering for small areas (wards) for consistent geographies for 1991–2011, and for the most recent decade using a district level urban–rural area classification. There is evidence of a spreading out of ethnic diversity from urban centres towards areas traditionally less diverse. Spatial mixing has increased – the period also saw a growth of minority ethnic groups in areas outside own‐group clusters. The increased share of all ethnic groups (White British and minority) in less urban areas challenges claims of ‘White flight’ from diversity. Increased ethnic diversity is clearly an important feature of contemporary population change, and the coming years are likely to see continued mixing between people and within places – and in new locales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of Guizhou topography on the distribution of freezing rain in early January 2011
Authors: Deng Difei , Gao Shouting , Hu Liang , Du Xiaoling , Wang Jin , Wang Chengxin
Published: June 2015

Among different winter precipitation types, freezing rain is the most dangerous and the most difficult to forecast. Nearly 84% of total freezing rain days in China occur over Guizhou province. Statistical analysis indicates that the frequency distribution of freezing rain over Guizhou is correlated to its topography. In this article, a typical freezing rain case from 2011 is selected to explore the impact of Guizhou topography on the distribution of freezing rain.

Synoptic analysis shows that this event is dominated by two cold currents below 800 hPa and a warm, moist southwesterly at 700 hPa, which contribute to an overlaying surface cold layer and a warm layer aloft in central Guizhou. Freezing rain is developed through a ‘warm rain process’ under the mid–lower tropospheric warm layer. Contrasting numerical terrain experiments demonstrate that Guizhou terrain plays an essential role in the formation of freezing rain by influencing the set‐up of the surface cold layer, warm layer and precipitation. Except for the effect of altitude, the vertical distance between the cold centre in the cold flow and the surface height also impacts on the formation of the surface cold layer. The intensities of the warm layer and inversion change after altering terrain height. The number of rainwater particles reaching the surface layer decreases as the surface temperature increases in the lowered terrain experiment, whereas the block of steeper windward slope results in an increase of surface precipitation in the heightened terrain experiment. The regions experiencing freezing rain shrink after reducing the terrain but spread southeastwards after raising the terrain. The unique topography of Guizhou including its elevation and distribution contributes to the highest frequency of freezing rain in China.
The radical pair mechanism and the avian chemical compass: Quantum coherence and entanglement
Authors: Zhang Yiteng , Berman Gennady P. , Kais Sabre
Published: June 2015

We review the spin radical pair mechanism which is a promising explanation of avian navigation. This mechanism is based on the dependence of product yields on (1) the hyperfine interaction involving electron spins and neighboring nuclear spins and (2) the intensity and orientation of the geomagnetic field. This review describes the general scheme of chemical reactions involving radical pairs generated from singlet and triplet precursors; the spin dynamics of the radical pairs; and the magnetic field dependence of product yields caused by the radical pair mechanism. The main part of the review includes a description of the chemical compass in birds. We review: the general properties of the avian compass; the basic scheme of the radical pair mechanism; the reaction kinetics in cryptochrome; quantum coherence and entanglement in the avian compass; and the effects of noise. We believe that the quantum avian compass can play an important role in avian navigation and can also provide the foundation for a new generation of sensitive and selective magnetic‐sensing nano‐devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca Invasion in the Neretva River Watershed (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia) After Alteration of River Flow
Authors: Pavličević J. , Glamuzina L. , Conides A. , Savić N. , Rozić I. , Klaoudatos D. , Kazić A. , Glamuzina B.
Published: June 2015

The invasion history and the recent distribution, abundance and prey composition of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca in Neretva River watershed (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia) are presented. The species was illegally/unintentionally introduced in Ramski Reservoir in the upper river part in 1986, while establishment of its abundant populations was reported during the 1990s in two connected artificial reservoirs. The research on the present abundance and food composition was executed during the 2012–2014 period. The results showed that pikeperch occupied most of the water bodies of the Neretva River, with an exception of natural river parts with gravel sediment and fast flow: all five artificial reservoirs (Ramski, Jablanički, Grabovica, Salakovac and Mostarski reservoirs) and lower wetland zone. However, the success and impact of colonization differ among water bodies, indicating pikeperch preference for warm and shallow reservoirs. Pikeperch prey is composed of different fish species abundant in specific water bodies. In artificial reservoirs, it preys mostly on introduced fish species, with a potential for controlling pumpkinseed abundance and biomass. Sampling carried out in Ramski Reservoir between 2013 and 1014 showed exclusive feeding on the introduced Leucaspius delineatus, and the establishment of a new food web, where only introduced species play significant roles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafine Nanoparticle‐Supported Ru Nanoclusters with Ultrahigh Catalytic Activity
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Jiang Yingying , Zheng Jinbao , Zhang Nuowei , Yu Changlin , Li Yunhua , Pao Chih‐Wen , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Jin Chuanhong , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Zhong Chuan‐Jian , Chen Bing H.
Published: June 2015

The design of an ideal heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation reaction is to impart the catalyst with synergetic surface sites active cooperatively toward different reaction species. Herein a new strategy is presented for the creation of such a catalyst with dual active sites by decorating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with ultrafine nanoclusters at atomic level. This strategy is exemplified by the design and synthesis of Ru nanoclusters supported on Ni/NiO nanoparticles. This Ru‐nanocluster/Ni/NiO‐nanoparticle catalyst is shown to exhibit ultrahigh catalytic activity for benzene hydrogenation reaction, which is 55 times higher than Ru–Ni alloy or Ru on Ni catalysts. The nanoclusters‐on‐nanoparticles are characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, Cs‐corrected high angle annular dark field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy, elemental mapping, high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering, and X‐ray absorption spectra. The atomic‐scale nanocluster–nanoparticle structural characteristics constitute the basis for creating the catalytic synergy of the surface sites, where Ru provides hydrogen adsorption and dissociation site, Ni acts as a “bridge” for transferring H species to benzene adsorbed and activated at NiO site, which has significant implications to multifunctional nanocatalysts design for wide ranges of catalytic reactions.
Optimization of the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Oil from Iranian Wild Almond
Authors: Balvardi Mohammad , Rezaei Karamatollah , Mendiola Jose A. , Ibáñez Elena
Published: June 2015

The seeds of wild almond, Amygdalus scoparia, contain a relatively high quantity of oil. In the current study, aqueous enzymatic extraction of the oil from Iranian wild almond was investigated using a protease and a cellulase to assist the extraction process. The effects of temperature, incubation time and pH on the oil recovery were evaluated using Box−Behnken design from response surface methodology (RSM). A 77.3 % recovery was predicted for oil using aqueous enzymatic extraction procedure at the optimized conditions of RSM (pH 5.76; 50 °C/5 h) when both enzymes were used at 1.0 % level (v/w). In practice, when both enzymes were used, a maximum of 77.8 % oil recovery was achieved at pH 5; 50 °C/4 h. Fatty acid profile, refractive index and saponification value of the aqueous enzymatic extracted oil in the current study were similar to those of the oil extracted with hexane. However, acid value, unsaponifiable matter and p‐anisidine value were higher when compared to those with hexane extracted oil. Peroxide value of the aqueous enzymatic oil was lower than that of oil extracted by hexane. Aqueous enzymatic extraction can be suggested as an environmentally‐friendly method to obtain oil from wild almond.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory bone resorption, and protects against alveolar bone loss in mice
Authors: Tominari Tsukasa , Matsumoto Chiho , Watanabe Kenta , Hirata Michiko , Grundler Florian M.W. , Miyaura Chisato , Inada Masaki
Published: June 2015

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, possesses antioxidant properties and regulates various cell functions. Here, we examined the function of EGCG in inflammatory bone resorption. In calvarial organ cultures, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced bone resorption was clearly suppressed by EGCG. In osteoblasts, EGCG suppressed the LPS‐induced expression of COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 mRNAs, as well as prostaglandin E2 production, and also suppressed RANKL expression, which is essential for osteoclast differentiation. LPS‐induced bone resorption of mandibular alveolar bones was attenuated by EGCGin vitro, and the loss of mouse alveolar bone mass was inhibited by the catechinin vivo.
Operationalizing mild cognitive impairment criteria in small vessel disease: the VMCI‐Tuscany Study
Authors: Salvadori Emilia , Poggesi Anna , Valenti Raffaella , Pracucci Giovanni , Pescini Francesca , Pasi Marco , Nannucci Serena , Marini Sandro , Del Bene Alessandra , Ciolli Laura , Ginestroni Andrea , Diciotti Stefano , Orlandi Giovanni , Di Donato Ilaria , De Stefano Nicola , Cosottini Mirco , Chiti Alberto , Federico Antonio , Dotti Maria Teresa , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Inzitari Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo ,   VMCI‐Tuscany Study Group
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prodromic of vascular dementia is expected to have a multidomain profile.

Methods

In a sample of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) patients, we assessed MCI subtypes distributions according to different operationalization of Winblad criteria and compared the neuroimaging features of single versus multidomain MCI. We applied three MCI diagnostic scenarios in which the cutoffs for objective impairment and the number of considered neuropsychological tests varied.

Results

Passing from a liberal to more conservative diagnostic scenarios, of 153 patients, 5% were no longer classified as MCI, amnestic multidomain frequency decreased, and nonamnestic single domain increased. Considering neuroimaging features, severe medial temporal lobe atrophy was more frequent in multidomain compared with single domain.

Discussion

Operationalizing MCI criteria changes the relative frequency of MCI subtypes. Nonamnestic single domain MCI may be a previously nonrecognized type of MCI associated with SVD.
Development of a patient‐reported outcome instrument to assess complex activities of daily living and interpersonal functioning in persons with mild cognitive impairment: The qualitative research phase
Authors: Gordon Mark Forrest , Lenderking William R. , Duhig Amy , Chandler Julie , Lundy J. Jason , Miller David S. , Piault‐Louis Elisabeth , Doody Rachelle S. , Galasko Douglas , Gauthier Serge , Frank Lori ,   Patient‐Reported Outcome Consortium's Cognition Working Group
Published: June 2015

Introduction

As drug development research efforts move toward studying patients earlier in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to incorporate the patient's perspective into measurement of outcomes.

Methods

This article summarizes the qualitative work of the Patient‐Reported Outcome Consortium's Cognition Working Group in the development of a new self‐reported outcome measure in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to suspected AD, herein referred to as MCI.

Results

The draft measure captures the patient's voice for two functional domains, complex activities of daily living and interpersonal functioning.

Discussion

This work represents a series of initial steps in the development of this rating scale. The next steps are to conduct psychometric analysis and evaluate the role of insight.
The Effect of Low Dose Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on Plantar Fasciitis: A Trial Study in Queen Mary Hospital
Authors: Samuel Wan Yik-Cheung , Chester Lie Wai Hung , Terence Pun Cheuk Ting , Rita Lam Yuen Ha , Maggie Ng Chui San , Pui Ng Tze
Published: June 2015

Background/Purpose

To assess the efficacy of low-energy extracorporeal Shockwave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Methods

This was a prospective case series study that was performed at the Department of Orthopaedics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Twenty-one symptomatic feet in 16 patients with persistent symptoms of plantar fasciitis despite 3 months of conservative treatment were recruited in November 2008. All patients received five sessions of low energy ESWT and their corresponding 10-point visual analogue scale scores were recorded before and after each treatment sessions for each symptomatic foot. The patients were assessed for up to 6 months post-treatment.

Results

The mean visual analogue scale scores reduction for pain on first step in the morning, daily activities, and heel compression test were 2.62 (44.3%), 3 (38.3%), and 1.6 (36.8%), respectively, post-treatment. The analgesic effect was maintained in 52.3% (n = 11) of the patients at 6 months post treatment.

Conclusion

Low energy ESWT was shown to be an effective outpatient treatment option for patients with plantar fasciitis.
Sciatic Neuropathy Caused by Focal Venous Engorgement Associated With Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Young‐Ah , Kim Keewon
Published: June 2015

A 69‐year‐old woman complained of severe left leg weakness with paresthesia. Electrodiagnostic tests revealed sciatic neuropathy, and imaging studies showed venous engorgement around the sciatic nerve. After anticoagulant therapy and intensive rehabilitation, the patient's muscle strength improved from 1 to 3 on the Medical Research Council scale. The diagnosis of sciatic neuropathy caused by deep vein thrombosis is extremely rare; however, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral lower extremity weakness in patients recovering from intensive care.
Late Holocene precipitation variability recorded in the sediments of Reloncaví Fjord (41°S, 72°W), Chile
Authors: Rebolledo Lorena , Lange Carina B. , Bertrand Sébastien , Muñoz Práxedes , Salamanca Marco , Lazo Pablo , Iriarte José L. , Vargas Gabriel , Pantoja Silvio , Dezileau Laurent
Published: June 2015

We present reconstructions of late Holocene changes in the source of organic matter and siliceous export production in the Relocanví Fjord (41°S, 72°W), Northern Chilean Patagonia, based on organic carbon content, δ13Corg, N/C ratio, diatom assemblages and biogenic silica contents from three sediment cores. The age models are based on a combination of 210Pb profiles, AMS 14C dating, and on the first occurrence of the diatom Rhizosolenia setigera f. pungens, as a stratigraphic marker in the fjords. The cores span the last 300 to 700 yr. Diatoms dominate the siliceous assemblages in the three cores (98% on average). Our results suggest that precipitation seasonality in the region of Reloncaví was high in CE 1300–1400 and CE 1700–1850, with a clear decreasing trend since CE 1850. The latter trend is in agreement with instrumental records and tree-ring reconstructions. These fluctuations seem to be associated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM).
WHAT'S SO SPECIAL ABOUT HUMAN KNOWLEDGE?
Authors: Williams Michael
Published: June 2015

Unlike animal knowledge, mature human knowledge is not a natural phenomenon. This claim is defended by examining the concept of such knowledge and showing that it is best analysed in deontic terms. To be knowledgeable is to possess epistemic authority. Such authority is assessable in two dimensions. The first is contextually appropriate truth-reliability. The second is epistemic responsibility in three senses of “responsibility”: accountability, due diligence and liability to sanction. The fact that knowledge can be impugned by non-culpable unreliability shows that, with respect to loss of authority, liability is strict. This entails that mature human knowledge requires some degree of epistemic self-consciousness: in particular, the conceptual capacities for critically examining one's beliefs. Arguments advanced by Kornblith for the claim that there is a vicious regress involved in this requirement are shown to depend on under-described examples. When the examples are fleshed out, we see that the “critical reflection” requirement does not demand constant self-monitoring but only the capacity to recognize and respond to appropriate epistemic queries. Recognizing that the practice of justifying one's beliefs conforms to a default and query structure also dispels the illusion that insisting that epistemic subjects have some sense of their own epistemic powers involves an unpalatable form of epistemic circularity.
REPLY TO GOLDMAN: CUTTING UP THE ONE TO SAVE THE FIVE IN EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Berker Selim
Published: June 2015

I argue that Alvin Goldman has failed to save process reliabilism from my critique in earlier work of consequentialist or teleological epistemic theories. First, Goldman misconstrues the nature of my challenge: two of the cases he discusses I never claimed to be counterexamples to process reliabilism. Second, Goldman's reply to the type of case I actually claimed to be a counterexample to process reliabilism is unsuccessful. He proposes a variety of responses, but all of them either feature an implausible restriction on process types, or fail to rule out cases with the sort of structure that generates the worry, or both.
Can Motivational Interviewing be Truly Integrated with Person-centered Counselling?
Authors: Crisp Ross
Published: June 2015

This article examines whether Motivational Interviewing (MI) can be truly integrated with Carl Rogers' person-centered approach (PCA) to counselling. While the ‘spirit’ of MI has much in common with PCA, it is argued that the theory and practice of MI indicates several fundamental differences with PCA that distinguishes the ways that each perspective may contribute to rehabilitation counselling. These differences are discussed in relation to the unique aspects of their underlying assumptions, how they define clients' problems, and how they articulate the role of counsellor and successful outcome. Recent meta-analyses have indicated the beneficial aspects of both approaches. Empirical evidence for the efficacy of both MI and PCA is strong across a diverse range of client groups and health care settings. However, the highly variable effectiveness of both MI and PCA suggests that further process-outcome research is needed. Implications for rehabilitation counsellors are discussed.
A DIFFUSIVE LOGISTIC EQUATION WITH MEMORY IN BESSEL POTENTIAL SPACES
Authors: CAICEDO ALEJANDRO , VIANA ARLÚCIO
Published: June 2015

This paper is devoted to the study of the local existence, uniqueness, regularity, and continuous dependence of solutions to a logistic equation with memory in the Bessel potential spaces.
The influence of dietary zinc source and coccidial vaccine exposure on intracellular zinc homeostasis and immune status in broiler chickens
Authors: Troche Catalina , Eicher Susan D. , Applegate Todd J.
Published: June 2015

Coccidia are protozoal parasites which compromise mucosal integrity of the intestine, potentiating poultry morbidity. The host's Zn status influences the course of infection. Therefore, two experiments were designed to determine how supplemental Zn regimens impacted jejunal and caecal immune status and Zn transporter expression. Coccivac®-B was administered weekly at ten times the recommended dose as a mild coccidial challenge (10CV). Zn was provided through a basal diet, supplemental zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), or a supplemental 1:1 blend of ZnSO4 and Availa®-Zn (Blend). Mucosal jejunum (Expt 1) and caecal tonsils (Expt 2) were evaluated for intracellular Zn concentrations and phagocytic capacity. Messenger expression of Zn transporters ZnT5, ZnT7, Zip9 and Zip13 were investigated to determine Zn trafficking. With 10CV, phagocytic capacity was decreased in jejunal cells by 2 %. In the caecal tonsils, however, phagocytic capacity increased with challenge, with the magnitude of increase being more pronounced with higher dietary Zn (10CV × Zn interaction; P= 0·04). Intracellular Zn within caecal tonsils was found significantly reduced with 10CV (27 %, P= 0·0001). 10CV also resulted in an overall increase in the ratio of Zip:ZnT transporters. With the exception of Zip13 transporter expression, dietary Zn source had little impact on any of the measured cellular parameters. Thus, intestinal mucosal tissues had reductions in intracellular free Zn during coccidial challenge, which was coupled with an upregulation of measured Zip transporters. This suggests that under coccidial challenge, intestinal cells attempt to compensate for the drop in intracellular Zn.
Repair of a cervical skin defect using xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix in a patient with advanced laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang L , Li L , Lou W
Published: June 2015

Objective:

This paper reports the outcome of using acellular dermal matrix to repair a cervical skin defect in a patient with an advanced laryngeal carcinoma that had invaded the skin.

Case report:

A 55-year-old man underwent surgical repair of severe atypical hyperplasia and of a squamous cell carcinoma at 17 and 9 months, respectively, prior to undergoing the current procedure. Five months prior to the current procedure, his left cervical skin broke down and the lesion gradually enlarged. A pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made. The cervical skin defect was repaired with a tailored acellular dermal matrix patch. The cervical wound completely healed without developing infection or a pharyngeal fistula, and the patient exhibited no dysphagia three years after surgery.

Conclusion:

Cervical skin defects can be successfully repaired with acellular dermal matrix.
Testimony, belief, and non-doxastic faith: the Humean argument for religious fictionalism
Authors: JAY CHRISTOPHER
Published: June 2015

I set out an argument for religious fictionalism which, unusually, proceeds from realist assumptions to the conclusion that even though some people might know that God exists, others ought to accept only non-doxastically that God exists. The argument relies upon the idea that religious experiences can confer immediate warrant on religious beliefs, whereas the warrant conferred by testimony is defeated by some reasonable beliefs which many people have.
Précis ofAfter Phrenology: Neural Reuse and the Interactive Brain
Authors: Anderson Michael L.
Published: June 2015

Neural reuse is a form of neuroplasticity whereby neural elements originally developed for one purpose are put to multiple uses. A diverse behavioral repertoire is achieved by means of the creation of multiple, nested, and overlapping neural coalitions, in which each neural element is a member of multiple different coalitions and cooperates with a different set of partners at different times. Neural reuse has profound implications for how we think about our continuity with other species, for how we understand the similarities and differences between psychological processes, and for how best to pursue a unified science of the mind.After Phrenology: Neural Reuse and the Interactive Brain(2014; henceforthAfter Phrenologyin this Précis) surveys the terrain and advocates for a series of reforms in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. The book argues that, among other things, we should capture brain function in a multidimensional manner, develop a new, action-oriented vocabulary for psychology, and recognize that higher-order cognitive processes are built from complex configurations of already evolved circuitry.
THE WORK OF L. G. KOVÁCS ON REPRESENTATION THEORY
Authors: ROBINSON GEOFFREY R.
Published: June 2015

We discuss some of the work of Laci Kovács on representation theory and related topics.
The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and	Negative Affect
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen , Bakhshi Ali
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.
Test Validation Without Measurement
Authors: Lacot Emilie , Afzali Mohammad H. , Vautier Stéphane
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Test validation based on usual statistical analyses is paradoxical, as, from a falsificationist perspective, they do not test that test data are ordinal measurements, and, from the ethical perspective, they do not justify the use of test scores. This paper (i) proposes some basic definitions, where measurement is a special case of scientific explanation; starting from the examples of memory accuracy and suicidality as scored by two widely used clinical tests/questionnaires. Moreover, it shows (ii) how to elicit the logic of the observable test events underlying the test scores, and (iii) how the measurability of the target theoretical quantities – memory accuracy and suicidality – can and should be tested at the respondent scale as opposed to the scale of aggregates of respondents. (iv) Criterion-related validity is revisited to stress that invoking the explanative power of test data should draw attention on counterexamples instead of statistical summarization. (v) Finally, it is argued that the justification of the use of test scores in specific settings should be part of the test validation task, because, as tests specialists, psychologists are responsible for proposing their tests for social uses.
Liking a Sexual Character Affects Willingness to Have Casual	Sex
Authors: Boot Inge , Peter Jochen , van Oosten Johanna M. F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate individual differences in the influence of the likability of a sexual female main character on women’s willingness to have casual sex with a stranger. Specifically, we studied the moderating role of relationship status (Experiments 1 and 2) and satisfaction with one’s relationship or with being single (Experiment 2). Women (aged 18–30), who were single or in a relationship, watched an erotic scene with a likable or unlikable sexual female main character who had casual sex. In both experiments, women in a relationship were less willing to have casual sex than single women, after they had seen a likable sexual female character. However, an unpredicted effect was found in Experiment 2. After seeing an unlikable sexual female character, women who were dissatisfied with their relationship or with being single were more willing to have casual sex than their satisfied counterparts.
Ethnicity, deprivation and screening: survival from breast cancer among screening-eligible women in the West Midlands diagnosed from 1989 to 2011
Authors: Morris M , Woods L M , Rogers N , O'Sullivan E , Kearins O , Rachet B
Published: June 2015

Background:

Social inequalities in breast cancer survival are smaller when the cancer is screen-detected. We examined survival from screen-detected and non screen-detected breast cancer by ethnicity and deprivation.

Methods:

Cancer registry data for 20 283 women aged 50–70 years, diagnosed between 1989–2011 and invited for screening, were linked with screening and ethnicity data. We examined Asian, Black and White groups, less deprived and middle/more deprived women. Net survival was estimated using ethnic- and deprivation-specific life tables. Estimates were corrected for lead-time bias and over-diagnosis.

Results:

Net survival varied by screening history. No significant differences in survival were found by ethnicity. Five-year net survival was 90.0% (95% CI, 89.3–90.8%) in less deprived groups and 86.7% (85.9–87.4%) among middle/more deprived women. Screening benefitted all ethnic and both deprivation groups. Whether screen-detected or not, more deprived women had significantly poorer outcomes: 5-year net survival was 78.0% (76.7–79.2%) for deprived women who were not screen-detected compared with 94.0% (93.1–95.1%) for less deprived women who were screen-detected.

Conclusions:

The three ethnic groups differed little in their breast cancer survival. Although screening confers a survival benefit to all, there are still wide disparities in survival by deprivation. More needs to be done to determine what underlies these differences and tackle them.
SOCS4 is dispensable for an efficient recall response to influenza despite being required for primary immunity
Authors: Kedzierski Lukasz , Clemens E Bridie , Bird Nicola L , Kile Benjamin T , Belz Gabrielle T , Nicola Nicos A , Kedzierska Katherine , Nicholson Sandra E
Published: June 2015

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Mice lacking functional SOCS4 are hypersusceptible to primary infection with influenza A virus (IAV), displaying dysregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in the lungs, delayed viral clearance and impaired trafficking of influenza‐specific CD8+ T cells to the site of infection. Therefore, we postulated that SOCS4 is a critical regulator of anti‐viral immunity. Unexpectedly, SOCS4 was not required for CD8+ T‐cell memory generation, nor was it required to efficiently recall those cells in response to secondary IAV infection. Wild‐type or SOCS4‐deficient mice primed and re‐challenged with serologically different influenza strains, did not show differences in susceptibility to IAV and cleared the virus from the lungs at the same rate. We have not observed differences in trafficking or numbers of IAV‐specific cells, numbers of resident memory T cells or in cytokine profiles in lungs of infected animals. Our data show that despite an impaired primary immune response in Socs4R108X/R108X mice, SOCS4 is dispensable for an efficient recall response to influenza virus infection.
Programmed cell death 5 mediates HDAC3 decay to promote genotoxic stress response
Authors: Choi Hyo-Kyoung , Choi Youngsok , Park Eun Sung , Park Soo-Yeon , Lee Seung-Hyun , Seo Jaesung , Jeong Mi-Hyeon , Jeong Jae-Wook , Cheong Jae-Ho , Lee Peter C. W. , Choi Kyung-Chul , Yoon Ho-Geun
Published: June 2015

The inhibition of p53 activity by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been reported, but the precise molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we show that programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) selectively mediates HDAC3 dissociation from p53, which induces HDAC3 cleavage and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Casein kinase 2 alpha phosphorylates PDCD5 at Ser-119 to enhance its stability and importin 13-mediated nuclear translocation of PDCD5. Genetic deletion of PDCD5 abrogates etoposide (ET)-induced p53 stabilization and HDAC3 cleavage, indicating an essential role of PDCD5 in p53 activation. Restoration of PDCD5WT in PDCD5−/− MEFs restores ET-induced HDAC3 cleavage. Reduction of both PDCD5 and p53, but not reduction of either protein alone, significantly enhances in vivo tumorigenicity of AGS gastric cancer cells and correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Our results define a mechanism for p53 activation via PDCD5-dependent HDAC3 decay under genotoxic stress conditions.
Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation
Authors: Kleijn David , Winfree Rachael , Bartomeus Ignasi , Carvalheiro Luísa G , Henry Mickaël , Isaacs Rufus , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Kremen Claire , M'Gonigle Leithen K , Rader Romina , Ricketts Taylor H , Williams Neal M , Lee Adamson Nancy , Ascher John S , Báldi András , Batáry Péter , Benjamin Faye , Biesmeijer Jacobus C , Blitzer Eleanor J , Bommarco Riccardo , Brand Mariëtte R , Bretagnolle Vincent , Button Lindsey , Cariveau Daniel P , Chifflet Rémy , Colville Jonathan F , Danforth Bryan N , Elle Elizabeth , Garratt Michael P.D. , Herzog Felix , Holzschuh Andrea , Howlett Brad G , Jauker Frank , Jha Shalene , Knop Eva , Krewenka Kristin M , Le Féon Violette , Mandelik Yael , May Emily A , Park Mia G , Pisanty Gideon , Reemer Menno , Riedinger Verena , Rollin Orianne , Rundlöf Maj , Sardiñas Hillary S , Scheper Jeroen , Sciligo Amber R , Smith Henrik G , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Thorp Robbin , Tscharntke Teja , Verhulst Jort , Viana Blandina F , Vaissière Bernard E , Veldtman Ruan , Ward Kimiora L. , Westphal Catrin , Potts Simon G
Published: June 2015

There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments.
DJ-1 links muscle ROS production with metabolic reprogramming and systemic energy homeostasis in mice
Authors: Shi Sally Yu , Lu Shun-Yan , Sivasubramaniyam Tharini , Revelo Xavier S. , Cai Erica P. , Luk Cynthia T. , Schroer Stephanie A. , Patel Prital , Kim Raymond H. , Bombardier Eric , Quadrilatero Joe , Tupling A. Russell , Mak Tak W. , Winer Daniel A. , Woo Minna
Published: June 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been linked to a wide variety of pathologies, including obesity and diabetes, but ROS also act as endogenous signalling molecules, regulating numerous biological processes. DJ-1 is one of the most evolutionarily conserved proteins across species, and mutations in DJ-1 have been linked to some cases of Parkinson’s disease. Here we show that DJ-1 maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis via modulating ROS levels in murine skeletal muscles, revealing a role of DJ-1 in maintaining efficient fuel utilization. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DJ-1, ROS uncouple mitochondrial respiration and activate AMP-activated protein kinase, which triggers Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming in muscle cells. Accordingly, DJ-1 knockout mice exhibit higher energy expenditure and are protected from obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes in the setting of fuel surplus. Our data suggest that promoting mitochondrial uncoupling may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Anchor-based classification and type-C inhibitors for tyrosine kinases
Authors: Hsu Kai-Cheng , Sung Tzu-Ying , Lin Chih-Ta , Chiu Yi-Yuan , Hsu John T.-A. , Hung Hui-Chen , Sun Chung-Ming , Barve Indrajeet , Chen Wen-Liang , Huang Wen-Chien , Huang Chin-Ting , Chen Chun-Hwa , Yang Jinn-Moon
Published: June 2015

Tyrosine kinases regulate various biological processes and are drug targets for cancers. At present, the design of selective and anti-resistant inhibitors of kinases is an emergent task. Here, we inferred specific site-moiety maps containing two specific anchors to uncover a new binding pocket in the C-terminal hinge region by docking 4,680 kinase inhibitors into 51 protein kinases and this finding provides an opportunity for the development of kinase inhibitors with high selectivity and anti-drug resistance. We present an anchor-based classification for tyrosine kinases and discover two type-C inhibitors, namely rosmarinic acid (RA) and EGCG, which occupy two and one specific anchors, respectively, by screening 118,759 natural compounds. Our profiling reveals that RA and EGCG selectively inhibit 3% (EGFR and SYK) and 14% of 64 kinases, respectively. According to the guide of our anchor model, we synthesized three RA derivatives with better potency. These type-C inhibitors are able to maintain activities for drug-resistant EGFR and decrease the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. Our results show that the type-C inhibitors occupying a new pocket are promising for cancer treatments due to their kinase selectivity and anti-drug resistance.