bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La influencia económica y misionera de las estancias jesuitas en el Valle del Itata, Chile (1612-1697)
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos Mauricio
Published: March 2024

Este artículo se centra en el impacto de las estancias jesuitas en el Valle del Itata desde 1612, con la instauración de la Guerra Defensiva, hasta 1697 año en que se fundó el Colegio de Naturales de Chillán, destacando cómo la adquisición estratégica de tierras reforzó la solidez económica de la orden en la región. Además, se investiga el rol significativo de los jesuitas en la evangelización de las comunidades indígenas locales. Utilizando un enfoque interpretativo y un estudio de casos detallado, el análisis revela las modalidades de adquisición, la ubicación geográfica y la magnitud territorial de las estancias jesuitas, así como las prácticas agrícolas avanzadas que implementaron. Las categorías analíticas incluyen la dinámica de interacción entre españoles e indígenas, la influencia socioeconómica de las estancias en la sociedad local y los esfuerzos misioneros específicos relacionados con la evangelización.
Síndrome de piel escaldada asociado a estafilococcemia en un neonato: reporte de un caso
Authors: Manjarres Figueredo Paola Andrea , Galíndez González Angie Lizeth
Published: March 2024

El síndrome de piel escaldada estafilocócica es una patología poco frecuente, que principalmente afecta a población pediátrica. Si bien tiene en la mayoría de los casos tiene un desenlace favorable, un buen diagnóstico diferencial y manejo antibiótico oportuno son cruciales para un buen pronóstico. Objetivo: Describir un caso de síndrome de piel escaldada con aislamiento en hemocultivos de S. Aureus meticilino resistente en un neonato. Caso clínico: Femenina de 25 días de vida, nacida a término y sin antecedentes perinatales relevantes, que cursa con fiebre, dermatosis eritemato- descamativa generalizada, edema palpebral y de miembros inferiores. Se hospitalizó con diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal tardía y síndrome de piel escaldada. Reporte de hemocultivos con crecimiento de S. Aureus meticilino resistente, manejada con vancomicina durante 14 días. Control de hemocultivos negativos, evolución satisfactoria y de alta hospitalaria sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: A pesar de la baja incidencia del síndrome de piel escaldada, es importante incluir dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la fiebre y las dermatosis tardías del neonato la infecciones por toxinas del S. Aureus, ya que su identificación y tratamiento oportuno son de gran importancia en el pronóstico del menor.
Oridonin Induces Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Involving ROS Generation
Authors: Zhang P. , Zhao Su-Rong , Liu F. , Sun X.-J. , Liu Hao
Published: March 2024

Oridonin, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has been reported to be a potent cytotoxic agent against a wide array of cancer cells. However, its effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells has not been well investigated. The present study aimed to explore the anti-tumour effect of oridonin in NPC cells and its underlying mechanisms. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining, JC-1 staining, DCFH-DA staining, and Western blot analysis, respectively. The results showed that oridonin concentration-dependently inhibited the cell viability, decreased the colony formation, and enhanced the apoptotic rate in NPC cells. Further, oridonin-induced apoptosis was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway in NPC cells, which was confirmed by the loss of MMP, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bax, and activation of caspase-3 and PARP. Notably, the augmented ROS generation played an essential role in oridonin-induced apoptosis in NPC cells, as the apoptosis-inducing effect was attenuated by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These results indicate that oridonin triggers apoptosis through the ROSmediated mitochondrial pathway in NPC cells. This study supports oridonin to be an interesting candidate drug for the treatment of human NPC.
Improvement of porosity of mortar using polyethylene glycol pre-polymer-impregnated mortar
Authors: Ahmed Shanaz H. , Hameed Awham M. , Al-Azawi Khalida F.
Published: March 2024

The extreme porosity and brittleness of cement mortar, when subjected to external forces, explain its fragility and low compressive and flexural resistance. Utilizing polymers is a cheap way to address these drawbacks. In this research, cement mortar samples were improved their mechanical and physical properties using the polymer-impregnated mortar (PIM) method, where polyethylene glycol (PEG) was utilized in the impregnation process through three different methods for impregnation: vacuum technique, ultrasound technique, and immersion in PEG for 24 h. The results showed an increase in mechanical properties. PIM exhibited the highest compressive strength (CS [24.47 MPa]), flexural strength (18 MPa), and splitting tensile strength (2.082 MPa) compared with the reference specimen, which attained 1.38 MPa CS, 0.52 (MPa) flexural strength, and 1.346 MPa splitting tensile strength. Optimum mechanical properties were achieved by vacuum technique, along with the increase in bulk density. The porosity test showed a slight effect of polymer on porosity. The results of diffusion showed the greater diffusivity of the reference sample compared with the PIM samples, that is, approximately 5% weight gain after one-day immersion in water. The results of thermal conductivity exhibited the increased thermal conductivity of polymer-impregnated samples compared with the reference sample.
Inductive 3D numerical modelling of the tibia bone using MRI to examine von Mises stress and overall deformation
Authors: Kokz Samer A. , Mohsen Ali M. , Nile Khaldoon Khalil , Khaleel Zainab B.
Published: March 2024

As the main load bearer throughout the gait cycle, the tibia is a crucial bone in the lower leg that distributes ground reaction forces with each stride. Comprehending the distribution of stress inside the tibia is essential for both avoiding fractures and developing efficient methods of redistributing load to promote healing and biomechanical correction. The study examined the stress, strain, and deformation encountered by the tibia over a 7-s walking cycle using an ANSYS workbench software, using tibia bone under a period of force applied to the boundary condition at intervals of 0.2 s. The tibia encounters stress levels varying from 0 to 1,400 N, exhibiting a regular pattern that aligns with the loading attributes often associated with traditional walking. The research conducted in this study identified the occurrence of maximum stress levels, measuring 25.45 MPa. Additionally, related peak elastic strains and deformations were observed, measuring 2.19 × 10−3 and 2.43 mm, respectively. The patterns that have been seen indicate that there is an initial contact of the foot with the ground, followed by the bearing of weight and subsequently the toe-off. These observed patterns closely resemble the natural motion of the foot during the act of walking. Temporal fluctuations in elastic strain through the tibia throughout a gait cycle reveal that the strain is mostly cantered at the medial surface of the tibia. Additional investigation into the elastic properties and overall deformations of the tibia yielded valuable observations on prospective areas of interest within the bone’s structure. These findings are of utmost importance for biomechanical assessments and the identification of potential injury hazards in subsequent research endeavours.
3D printed circularly polarized implantable antenna with wideband impedance matching
Authors: Xu Li-Jie , Liu Qiang , Huang Meng-Yao
Published: March 2024

This article proposes a slot-loaded circularly polarized implantable antenna with wide bandwidth at 2.45 GHz, i.e., Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This antenna is established with a compact size of 44.52 mm3 based on 3D printing technology, and biocompatible material MED610 is adopted for human safety consideration. During the design, unilaterally shorted patch antenna loaded with T-slot is adopted, obtaining two closely spaced orthogonal modes with miniaturized antenna size. More importantly, to obtain wide impedance matching, a spiral slot is introduced around the feed, forming an L-section network consisted of a parallel capacitor and a series inductor. As a result, a wide circular polarization bandwidth of 28.7 % is realized for the proposed antenna. The measured results are well agreed with simulated results.
Optimizing affordances of high immersive virtual reality for language learning
Authors: Nuesser Michaela , Zheng Dongping , Dong Jin
Published: March 2024

Virtual reality (VR) technology has enjoyed a hype in the past years that made many realize the huge opportunity VR technology poses for language learning. Nevertheless, there has been a significant lack of research publications investigating the use of VR for language learning. In 2021 and 2022, however, we have seen a drastic change with a multitude of new research projects reported. In this article, we first present which common VR application features offer affordances for second language learning and then survey to what degree these features have been adopted in the reviewed studies. The main investigated affordances of VR that we identified to be beneficial to language learning are its presence, interactivity, embodiment, and emotional connection. Finally, we offer an outlook for researchers and developers to adopt and implement VR features for future language learning applications.
Fünf aufgefundene Zeugnisse Kants im Handel und in einer Bibliothek
Authors: Walter Martin
Published: March 2024

The article gathers five new autographed testimonies from Kant’s life: a dedication copy to Hasse, a fragment on plagiarism, a letter of office from the second rectorate (1788), and two album-amicorum entries with a Persius quotation via Alexander Pope.
Remote Work and Development – A Law-and-Economics Perspective
Authors: Mehra Salil K.
Published: March 2024

As we emerge tentatively into a hopeful post-COVID-19 future, it has become clear that the pandemic has had a large impact on the traditional office, particularly in the developed world. Major office centers such as Silicon Valley, New York, and London have seen great reductions in the number of workers who spend their days there in-person. One lesson of the pandemic is that many workers can be as – or even more – productive working from home, thanks chiefly to software such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Slack, among others, which enable better collaboration across distances than was previously possible. While these tools existed before the pandemic, it took the pandemic’s lockdowns and disruptions to make clear to workers and employers how impactful technological innovation could be to the traditional office. As a result, across the developed world, a large percentage of office workers’ labor has continued to be performed remotely. The shift to remote white-collar work has significant implications for investment, development, and migration. First, the traditional office building or office park represents a massive fixed cost for many industries: the office buildings of Manhattan or the City of London, and the office parks of Silicon Valley, were expensively built structures on extremely costly land. The rise of hybrid- and even completely remote firms – first, in the tech sector, but spreading beyond it – creates the potential for businesses unable to afford locations near traditional developed world talent aggregations to hire and collaborate despite that. Second, from the perspective of development, one important implication is that the investment to create a successful firm may have shifted to at least some degree away from buildings and real estate to software and worker talent. At the very least, this shift requires taking a more flexible view of what development, particularly in leaving the alleged middle-income trap, may require. Finally, there are important implications for migration. For the past half-century, knowledge workers have left the developing world for the world’s major business centers, located mostly in the developed world. The ability for firms to collaborate at a distance may reduce that part of migration pressure generated by the “pull” toward traditional developed-world office centers. As a result of these implications for investment, development, and migration, the law should take a proactive stance aimed at preventing entrenched interests from slowing or even reversing the shift taking place. The law should instead defend and promote these shifts, which should have a tendency toward making the world economy more equitable, not least by reducing that portion of the world’s production drained by economic rents accruing to landlords in developed world megacities – a significant portion of which was generated by talented migrants from the developing world.
Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Miao-xuan , Li Hai-tao , Cai Xiao-ming , Chen Bo , Xie Ze-feng
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy in the digestive tract, requiring accurate prediction and effective treatment strategies. Recently, the discovery of disulfidptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by abnormal disulfide accumulation, has sparked interest in its role in PAAD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in PAAD. Using publicly available databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis exploring the complex relationships between DRGs and important aspects of PAAD, including gene expression, immune response, mutation, drug sensitivity, and functional enrichment. Notably, we observed significant heterogeneity among different disulfidptosis subclusters and identified specific differentially expressed genes in PAAD. Through machine learning techniques, we identified SLC7A11, S100A4, DIAPH3, PRDX1, and SLC7A7 as the most relevant hub genes. We further validated their significance in PAAD by considering their expression patterns, prognostic value, diagnostic potential, diagnostic model, and immune infiltration. This study presents exciting opportunities and challenges in unraveling the underlying mechanisms of PAAD prognosis. It also establishes a foundation for personalized cancer care and the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. By shedding light on the role of DRGs, particularly hub genes, we enhance our understanding and management of PAAD.
Reciprocal Design in Italian Renaissance Wood Intarsia: Patterns, Parasites, and Human/More-than-Human Making
Authors: Ajmar Marta
Published: March 2024

This article explores how Italian Renaissance intarsia emerged from making practices sensitive to wood as animate material, and from a design correspondence with its environment. It argues that intarsia reconciled different modes: design-drawing, design in wood, and design with wood. These interconnected practices allow us to reconfigure intarsia as a technology created holistically from the correspondence of different human and more-than-human forces, including parasites – such as woodworm and fungi – and elemental factors – such as heat, water and air – all mobilised in active processes of pattern-making. It shows how this “Wood Age” craft is also an ecologically-rooted response to growing concerns about timber availability and forest sustainability. Finally, it proposes for intarsia the concept of reciprocal design, where patterns emerge from continuous correspondence and co-making between human and more-than-human agents.
A kép-antropológia alapjai a neveléstudományban
Authors: Somogyvári Lajos
Published: March 2024

Kutatásaim a hatvanas évekbeli magyar pedagógiai sajtó fényképanyagán alapulnak, hatfolyóiratot vizsgáltam meg ebből a szempontból: a Család és Iskolát, a Gyermekünket, aKöznevelést, az Óvodai Nevelést, A Tanítót és a Tanító Munkáját. A képek feldolgozásábaninterdiszciplináris módszertant követtem, amely az oktatástörténet hagyományos forrásaitaz ikonográfi ával és az antropológiával ötvözi. Az 5371 elemből álló korpuszt különböző csoportokralehet osztani – fő célom a formális és informális oktatás-nevelés szereplőinek és aziskoláztatás hétköznapi történetének a felvázolása. Tanulmányomban az oktatástörténetbenis hasznosítható fénykép-elemzések (kép-antropológia) rövid elméleti hátterét mutatom be,ezt egy rövid példa követi a kutatási módszer gyakorlati alkalmazására.
Trauma e Sinostose Craniana Precoce:
Authors: Maria Marta Beatriz Maciel de Oliveira  , Cunha Claudia , Adriano Márcio dos Santos  , Henry Socrates Lavalle Sullasi
Published: March 2024

Este estudo de caso lida com evidências de trauma e sinostose craniana precoce em um indivíduo arqueológico (FE 87.10/MUSARQ – A 75, Museu de Arqueologia e Ciências Naturais da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco) proveniente do Sítio Arqueológico Furna do Estrago, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Pernambuco. A análise macroscópica resultou na construção do perfil paleobiológico do indivíduo, caracterizando-o como provável feminino com cerca de 16 anos de idade à morte. Foi observada uma lesão óssea contundente (fratura incompleta por compressão) na porção lateral direta do osso frontal e a obliteração completa da sutura coronal entre o parietal direito e o frontal. Foi realizada uma microtomografia computadorizada 3D por transmissão de raios X na zona lesionada. Este exame mostrou uma lesão aguda superficial que atinge apenas a tábua óssea externa do crânio sem fraturas radiantes e sem evidência de rompimento da superfície endocraniana. Apresentamos argumentos para uma provável correlação entre o trauma e a craniossinostose. Lesões similares em indivíduos arqueológicos sugerem o envolvimento de atos de violência.
Beyond “Academia”: Disseminating Knowledge in the Arab World
Authors: Khaled Alaa , Hanafi Sari
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the rise of the knowledge economy has paved the way for a change in the dynamics of knowledge production. This has been translated into two contradictory trends: (1) the commodification of knowledge production and (2) connecting social sciences to society, necessitating that academics go beyond their traditional role of teaching and research to engage wider publics in contemporary critical debates. Based on a survey of grantees of the Arab Council for the Social Sciences, this article considers the case of Arab social researchers by looking at their research outcomes beyond “academia,” identifying the forms of dissemination of their research and how they engage in dialogue with the public. Compared to previous research done on this topic, the findings demonstrate considerable engagement of their research, which is contributing to the reconciliation of knowledge production and use. Changes are seen not only in the scope of engagement but also in the use of different styles of expressions and deployment of topics. The survey and the interviews allow us to understand the challenges the researchers face, whether these are structural (political, institutional, and socioeconomic) or cultural.
Characterization of Non-stationary Structural Non-uniformities in Paper
Authors:   Empire State Paper Research Institute, Faculty of Paper Science and Engineering State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, Kellomäki Markku , Pawlak Joel J. , Sung Yong-Joo , Keller D. Steven
Published: March 2024

In this investigation, a novel approach to separating the static and stochastic components of paper variability data, such as mass formation or apparent density, was developed. Based on a discrete implementation of the continuous wavelet transform, the method provides information about the scale of features, e. g. flocs or streaks, as function of position within the data array in one direction. A non-rigorous, yet self-contained theoretical development of the method was given. The main discovery in this work was to mathematically show that, under conditions applying to a typical paper variability data, the distribution of energy among wavelets of different scale and at different positions, or simply, the local energy map, can be decomposed into two different parts that contain all the energy related to the static mean grammage profile or the local stochastic variability. In order to validate the approach and to justify its value, a set of simulated basis weight maps with different types of streaks were generated and analyzed successfully. This method was evenable to decompose overlapping grammage and formation streaks, which would have been impossible using traditional methods. As a final demonstration, data measured from real papers made in the laboratory and with a pilot machine were analyzed. Apparent density maps were determined using β-radiographic transmission imaging for mass formation and two-sided laser profilometry for local thickness maps. The method was able to reveal floc size variations buried into strong grammage streaks. The periodicity and the scale of the grammage streaks were also characterized by the decomposition of the wavelet map.
The Specific Pore Volume of Multi-planar Webs: The Role of the Short and Long Fibre Fractions
Authors:   University of Rhode Island, Department of Natural Resources Science, Kingston, RI, USA, Görres Josef H. , Amiri Reza ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada, McDonald Dave ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada
Published: March 2024

Pore volume of paper sheets as measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry can provide an alternative structural description to solid phase-based measures such as density and may be used to examine sheet structure. We measured sheet densities and specific pore volume, i.e. the pore volume per unit sheet mass, for sheets made from whole pulp and the long fibre fraction of five different pulps. The coefficient of variation was 50% and 28% for specific pore volume and density of different pulps, respectively. Pore volume was more sensitive to structural differences than density. A theoretical measure of specific pore volume of the long fibre fraction (R48) was derived from the Interactive Multi-Planar Model (IMPM) of sheet structure. For the whole pulp we assumed that the shorter material (P48) filled voids and thus diminished the specific pore volume of the long fibre fraction (R48). Model predictions of specific pore volume agreed well with mercury porosimeter determinations for most of the samples. The effect of P48 fraction on sheet porosity was greater for newsprint than for hardwood kraft pulp
Role of Social Media Health Influencers on Purchase Intention of Functional Beverages: Moderating Impact of Health Consciousness
Authors: Kumar Satinder , Kaur Bipinpreet , Goyal Shavina
Published: March 2024

As consumer interest in wellness and health continues to rise, functional beverages have gained popularity. However, the specific characteristics of social media health influencers (SMHIs) that affect consumers’ willingness to buy these products, particularly in relation to health consciousness, remain relatively unexplored. Motive of the study is to examine the influence of SMHIs on consumers’ intention to purchase functional beverages in the presence of health consciousness. Conceptual framework of the study was built upon the Social Learning Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the survey conducted in Northern India, involving 360 participants. The structural model analysis reveals noteworthy associations between the attributes of social media health influencers (namely, expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness) and consumers’ willingness to buy functional beverages. Moreover, study highlights that the impact of trustworthiness on purchase intention is moderated by the level of health consciousness among consumers. However, it was observed that health consciousness did not significantly moderate the relationship between expertise and attractiveness with purchase intention. Marketers can leverage the finding by strategically choosing influencers who possess desirable qualities, thereby increasing the persuasiveness and effectiveness of their promotional campaigns. Study reinforces the notion that consumers are highly influenced by the content and recommendations presented by influencers.
Kardioonkologinės tarnybos įdiegimo, kardiotoksinės miokardo pažaidos ankstyvos diagnostikos, gretutinių būklių ir medikamentinio kardioprotekcinio gydymo tyrimas
Authors:   , Čiburienė Eglė
Published: March 2024

Study on implementing a cardio-oncology service, early diagnosis of cardiotoxicity, comorbidities and cardioprotective treatment
Active injection method for fluidic winglet
Authors: Zare Shahneha Amir
Published: March 2024

Various solutions for the fluidic winglet are proposed to investigate the impact of parameters such as velocity, temperature and injection direction, and slot area for air ejection. This study is based on the replacement to A380 solid winglet. The results reveal that maximising these parameters doesn’t always minimise drag; rather, a balance needs to be found to achieve optimal efficiency. The study demonstrates a potential maximum reduction of 3.81%, often linked with a decrease in lift. The optimal design is a single rectangular slot injecting at 260 m/s, exhibiting lower lift reduction than drag reduction and high efficiency. Thus, currently, there isn’t a significant advantage justifying a paradigm shift for these devices.
Плекаючи Шевченкові ідеї служіння Україні
Authors: Загородній Анатолій Глібович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Наукове товариство імені Шевченка як суспільно-політичний проєкт Михайла Грушевського
Authors: Гирич Ігор Борисович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Українська мова — домінанта діяльності Наукового товариства імені Шевченка
Authors: Гриценко Павло Юхимович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Літературне товариство імені Шевченка (1873—1892) в історичній пам'яті українців
Authors: Соляр Ігор Ярославович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Енциклопедична спадщина НТШ: від «Енциклопедії українознавства» до енциклопедії «Наукове товариство імені Шевченка»
Authors: Железняк Микола Григорович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Моніторинг археологічних пам’яток України: сучасний стан та втрати в результаті воєнної агресії РФ
Authors: Буйських Алла Валеріївна
Published: March 2024

У доповіді розглянуто зміни у форматі проведення наукових досліджень Інституту археології НАН України, які відбулися в результаті збройної агресії РФ проти України. Науковці інституту приділяють зараз велику увагу моніторингу актуального стану пам’яток археології на територіях, що постраждали від воєнних дій, зазнали руйнувань і ландшафтних перетворень унаслідок ворожих обстрілів. Важливість таких досліджень зумовлена тим, що археологічна спадщина України, представлена хронологічним діапазоном від майже мільйона років тому до модерних часів, — це невід’ємна складова європейської та світової археологічної і загалом культурної спадщини. Знищення навіть її частини потенційно стало б непоправною втратою для української культури, оскільки такі пам’ятки не підлягають відновленню.
Фундатор електронної хімії
Authors: Кошечко Вячеслав Григорович
Published: March 2024

Цього року наукова спільнота відзначає 150-річчя від дня народження видатного вченого в галузі фізичної хімії, основоположника електронних теорій окисно-відновних реакцій, гальванічного елемента та гетерогенного каталізу, лауреата премії імені Ломоносова (1899), премії імені В.І. Леніна (1930), засновника і першого директора Інституту фізичної хімії НАН України, який з 1936 р. названо його ім’ям, доктора хімічних наук (1912), дійсного члена Всеукраїнської академії наук (1925), Академії наук СРСР (1930) Лева Володимировича Писаржевського.
A Survey Study of Motivators for Pediatric Hospitalists to Work in the Community
Authors: Jackson Kelsey , Marek Rachel , Yildiz Vedat , Fromme H. Barrett
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The loss of pediatric beds in the community has contributed to decreased access to pediatric inpatient and emergency services. Community pediatric hospitalist programs could reduce the overhead of inpatient care, promoting the financial feasibility of caring for hospitalized children closer to home. This study aims to determine which career motivators are the most important for pediatric hospitalists to begin working in, remain in, and leave the community setting.

METHODS

A survey was sent to a convenience sample of 269 community hospitalists from 31 different sites. Sites were invited if the program director was known to the authors. Responses were evaluated and χ-square or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the differences.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty six community pediatric hospitalists completed the survey (response rate 49.1%). The 3 most important motivators for pediatric hospitalists to begin working in the community were work-life integration (80%), geographic location (75%), and flexible hours (71%). Pediatric hospitalists who planned to leave the community setting were more likely to cite mentoring and teaching opportunities (76% vs 32%, P = .0002), opportunities for research and quality improvement (29% vs 10%, P = .021), and paid time for nonclinical interests (52% vs 26%, P = .02) as very important.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates key motivators for pediatric hospitalists to work in the community and elucidates motivators for transitioning to larger pediatric centers. This knowledge may be used to guide community pediatric hospital medicine recruitment and program development that could lead to improved retention.
School Shootings in the United States: 1997–2022
Authors: Rapa Luke J. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Scott Samantha N. , Durham Olivia
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Gun violence in the United States is a public health crisis. In 2019, gun injury became the leading cause of death among children aged birth to 19 years. Moreover, the United States has had 57 times as many school shootings as all other major industrialized nations combined. The purpose of this study was to understand the frequency of school-related gun violence across a quarter century, considering both school shootings and school mass shootings.

METHODS

We drew on 2 publicly available datasets whose data allowed us to tabulate the frequency of school shootings and school mass shootings. The databases contain complementary data that provide a longitudinal, comprehensive view of school-related gun violence over the past quarter century.

RESULTS

Across the 1997–1998 to 2021–2022 school years, there were 1453 school shootings. The most recent 5 school years reflected a substantially higher number of school shootings than the prior 20 years. In contrast, US school mass shootings have not increased, although school mass shootings have become more deadly.

CONCLUSIONS

School shootings have risen in frequency in the recent 25 years and are now at their highest recorded levels. School mass shootings, although not necessarily increasing in frequency, have become more deadly. This leads to detrimental outcomes for all the nation’s youth, not just those who experience school-related gun violence firsthand. School-based interventions can be used to address this public health crisis, and effective approaches such as Multi-Tiered Systems of Supports and services should be used in support of students’ mental health and academic and behavioral needs.
Phage therapy in prosthetic joint infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus – A literature review
Authors: Eiselt Vincent A. , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: March 2024

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are dreaded arthroplasty complications often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains or biofilm formation, successful treatment remains difficult. Currently, two-stage revision surgery constitutes the gold standard therapy of PJIs, sometimes replaced or supplemented by debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR). Given the dire consequences of therapeutic failure, bacteriophage therapy might be another treatment option. Here we provide a comprehensive literature review addressing the efficacy of phages applied against S. aureus as causative agent of PJIs. The included 17 publications had in common that the applied phages proved to be effective against various S. aureus isolates including MRSA even in biofilms. Experiments with mice, rats, rabbits, and moth larvae confirmed favorable features of phage preparations in PJI treatment in vivo; including its synergistic with antibiotics. Case reports of PJI patients unanimously described the bacterial eradication following, alongside other measures, intravenous and intra-articular phage administration. Generally, no major side effects occurred, but in some cases elevated liver transaminases were observed. To conclude, our review compiled promising evidence suggesting the safety and suitability of phage therapy as an adjuvant to DAIR in S. aureus PJIs, and thus, underscores the significance of further research.
Ruth Nieman: Freekeh. Wild Wheat and Ancient Grains
Authors: Murrell Di
Published: March 2024

Ruth Nieman: Freekeh. Wild Wheat and Ancient Grains: Prospect Books, 2021: 288 pp., paperback, £20.00.
Nawal Nasrallah, translator and editor: Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table. A Fourteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook
Authors: Murrell Di
Published: March 2024

Nawal Nasrallah, translator and editor: Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table. A Fourteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook: Brill, 2018 (hardback), 2020 (paperback): 704 pp., paperback, £42.00.
Core values of ethical leaders in South African schools
Authors: Edwards David , Schmidt Michèle , Mestry Raj
Published: March 2024

In the research reported on here we explored teachers’ understanding of what they perceived as core values of ethical leadership in education. Using qualitative research within an interpretivist design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and school management team (SMT) members and analysed using Tesch’s coding method. The theoretical underpinnings of the paper are grounded in 3 distinct ethics of care, justice and critique. The findings cannot be generalised since the results highlighted in this article only report on those applicable to this small qualitative sample. The main themes that emerged from the findings included the participants’ understanding of 3 core values of ethical leadership. They emphasised trust, respect and transparency as vital components of ethical leadership. Recommendations include more training and research for secondary school teachers who are not well equipped with the knowledge, skills and tools to approach the needs of disenfranchised and disadvantaged learners at their schools. A more nuanced understanding of transparency in schools, policy and practices is needed.
Sistematización de experiencias de los docentes en formación en clave a su recorrido por los componentes académicos de la práctica pedagógica y educativa
Authors: Olarte Olarte María Eugenia , Zuluaga Giraldo Jorge Iván , Figueroa Celis Willy Fernando
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of the systematization of experiences of teachers in training, according to the academic components of pedagogical and educational practice and in accordance with the main objective of the research entitled "Pedagogical and educational practice in the Technology and Computer Science degrees of the Catholic University of Manizales - UCM and the Catholic University Foundation Lumen Gentium - Unicatólica, as a contribution to the initial training of teachers", in which the contributionsof the pedagogical and educational practice (PPE) to the initial training of teachers in training for the degrees in Technology and Computer Science of the Catholic University of Manizales (UCM) and Computer Science of the Lumen Gentium University Foundation (Unicatólica) are analyzed, it was decided to design and develop a process of systematization of experiences, which allowed to analyze the actions, perceptions, interpretations and particular situations, experienced by a focal group of students of the degrees, while taking the subjects of the academic component of the PPE. At the methodological level, the systematization process is applied according to Jara (1994), where the author considers systematization as a critical interpretation of one or several experiences that, from their ordering and reconstruction, show the logic and the factors involved in the process lived, their relationship and the situations that have caused such relationships.
Educación Socioambiental
Authors: Arroyo Janeth , Herrera-Altamiranda Alfredo , Torres-Reyes Isabel Patricia
Published: March 2024

The global importance of caring for the environment has highlighted the need for socio-environmental education from an early age. However, the lack of training in socio-environmental entrepreneurship among students in grades 10 and 11 at the Environmentalist Educational Institution of Cartagena limits their ability to address socio-environmental problems in the city. It is proposed to implement a socio-environmental entrepreneurship course with a collaborative approach with the support of the environmental authority, teachers and technological resources, using participatory action as a research methodology, and subsequently carry out an impact measurement that measures the knowledge obtained by the students. The purpose is to strengthen cognitive skills, collective leadership and critical-creative thinking to generate a positive social impact and contribute to sustainable development. This initiative is aligned with the connection between social entrepreneurship and educational innovation, focused on social change and the resolution of socio-environmental problems. Sustainable development becomes the main objective, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. In short, it seeks to foster collaborative learning through an intelligent classroom that promotes socio-environmental entrepreneurship and empowers students to face socio-environmental challenges in Cartagena and contribute to a sustainable future.
Information technology and medial education in the contemporary school
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Poland, Siemieniecki Bronisław
Published: March 2024

This article concerns to the problems of introduction information technology and media education into contemporary school. Different factors connected with the introduction and arguments based on the cognitive sciences are presented.
Creative drama in both school and after-school musical education
Authors:   Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica, Slovak Republic, Pelix Belo
Published: March 2024

The author exposes theoretical substantiation as well as practical utilization of new integrative musical-dramatic activities which have become a part of the latest textbooks and methodical handbooks of musical education in Slovak elementary schools. He brings forth basic information on the method of creative drama as well as its application in both school and after-school musical education.
Finança internacional e política doméstica: internacionalização financeira e os Estados Unidos
Authors: FRIEDEN JEFF
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo pretende mostrar que as mudanças ocorridas nos movimentos internacionais de capitais e nas relações monetárias transformaram as economias políticas domésticas resultando em mudanças que transformaram a economia política internacional. Especialmente considerando os Estados Unidos, o autor argumenta que a hegemonia econômica internacional dos EUA, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, foi baseada em três elementos principais: saídas maciças de capital de longo prazo, um compromisso com a estabilização do sistema monetário internacional, e liberalização comercial. Esses três elementos inicialmente tiveram amplo apoio dentro e fora dos Estados Unidos. No entanto, quando a abertura financeira e comercial mudou gradualmente as ordens econômicas domésticas, o apoio político à estabilidade hegemônica se erodiu. Para o autor, a batalha ali decidida determinará o próprio caráter dos EUA e a economia política internacional para o futuro previsível.
Plano de Estabilização Econômica
Authors: SAYAD JOÃO
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Antes de deixar o cargo de ministro do Planejamento, João Sayad apresentou ao presidente José Sarney um heterodoxo plano de estabilização, apresentado aqui na íntegra.
Mudanças no padrão de financiamento do investimento no Brasil
Authors: BRESSER-PEREIRA LUIZ CARLOS
Published: March 2024

RESUMO O padrão de financiamento do investimento está mudando no Brasil. Durante a década de 70 baseou-se no padrão clássico que prevalece nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento, ou seja, no financiamento estatal e externo. Mas, na segunda metade da década de 70, esse padrão se rompe à medida que o setor público perde sua capacidade de poupança. Na segunda parte da década de 80, o setor público deverá recuperar parcialmente a sua capacidade de poupança, enquanto o setor privado assume um papel crescente no investimento.
Dinâmica e tipologia da economia mundial contemporânea
Authors: MÜLLER GERALDO
Published: March 2024

RESUMO A transnacionalização de processos produtivos, comerciais, tecnológicos e financeiros que ocorre por meio de corporações transnacionais produziu um espaço econômico, social, político e cultural específico e distinto do espaço nacional. A economia mundial contemporânea, marcada por inúmeros processos técnicos e econômicos em curso que configuram a terceira revolução industrial, pode ser definida pelas interações entre espaço nacional e espaço transnacional, nenhum dos quais pode ser dito estar desaparecendo. As linhas de força criadas pelas interações conflituosas entre a oligarquia transnacional e as várias oligarquias nacionais são fotografadas neste estudo do ângulo nacional e em três momentos desde 1950. O resultado é um conjunto de tipologias classificatórias dos países sobre os quais a informação estava disponível em 1960, 1970 e 1981.
O Estado e o desenvolvimento econômico de Formosa
Authors: AMSDEN ALICE H.
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este é um estudo sobre o papel do Estado no desenvolvimento da República da China após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Visa compreender como o Estado acelerou a taxa de acumulação de capital, o papel das exportações e a própria natureza do Estado sob a ditadura que governou o país por décadas.
Perovskite oxides (LaFeO3) incorporated with reduced graphene oxide for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Sudalaimani Prakash , Rajah Suvitha Athisayasa , Steephen Ananth , Pulavazhy Ajay , Madhavan Bradha
Published: March 2024

In this work, lanthanum iron (III) oxide (LaFeO3)/reduced graphene (rGO)-based nanocomposites were synthesized using a chemical route. The as-prepared samples were subjected to calcination at 700°C. To classify their structural and morphological properties, the nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The findings showed that the nanocomposites obtained were 20 nm and had undergone diameter changes at 700°C after calcination. The XRD analysis revealed that the composites had a strong crystalline single-phase structure. In addition, the Voigt theory was used to compute elastic constants such as Young’s modulus (E), bulk modulus (K), shear modulus (G), Poisson’s ratio and linear compressibility. The computational structural characteristics of lanthanum iron (III) oxide perovskites were also examined. The microwave absorption properties of lanthanum iron (III) oxide/rGO nanocomposites made them appropriate for electromagnetic interference shielding usage.
Asana to Anatomy: Unpacking Yoga's Inner Mechanics through Experiential Learning
Authors:   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, Chhatisgarh, India, Khandelwal Ekta , Rathore Mrithunjay ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, Chhatisgarh, India., Trivedi Soumitra ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, Chhatisgarh, India., Domadia Pragna ,   YTTC Lakulish Yoga University Ahmedabad, YCB Level -2, Gujarat, India., Consul Mukta ,   Devi Ahalya Vishwavidhyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: March 2024

Background The present study posits that incorporating experiential learning principles into understanding yoga anatomy can bridge the gap between traditional practices and modern anatomical knowledge. The study hypothesizes that experiential learning techniques will result in a deeper, more nuanced understanding of anatomical constraints affecting the execution of specific yoga asanas—Trikonasana (Triangle Pose), Utkatasana (Chair Pose), Virabhadrasana I (Warrior I), and Virabhadrasana II (Warrior II). Methods: The Yoga Anatomy Workshop, organized under the banner of YOGANATOME, hosted 80 diverse participants who were divided into two rotating groups. Group A served as practitioners performing specific asanas, whereas Group B acted as keen observers. Seasoned instructors facilitated the workshop by focusing on hands-on exploration, postural evaluation, and anatomical considerations. Data were collected using structured worksheets filled out by the observers, capturing aspects such as posture alignment and muscular engagement. Summary of Results: The analysis revealed various anatomical constraints that affected the performance of the selected asanas. In Trikonasana, 28% had difficulty directing their gaze upward due to sternocleidomastoid muscle stiffness. In Utkatasana, 20% struggled with lumbar vertebral straightening, which is attributed to curvature deviations due to postural alterations. In Virabhadrasana I, 18% of patients faced challenges in arm elevation due to impingement syndrome. In Virabhadrasana II, 24% of patients had knee alignment due to joint restrictions and muscle imbalances. These insights have significant implications for yoga instructors and practitioners, emphasizing the need for individualized and anatomically informed yoga instruction. KEYWORDS: Experiential learning, Kinaesthetic learning, Yoga, Anatomy, Biomechanical constraints.