bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel Microparticles as an Emerging Tool in Pharmaceutical Field: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Rai Sarfraz Muhammad , Mahmood Asif
Published: April 2015

From past few decades, emphasis of scientists is on the development of micro‐ and nanosized dosage forms to achieve the targeted and desired response from drugs. In this manner, they have developed microspheres, nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, etc. Now in recent past, work is going on the development of novel hydrogel microparticles that have more desirable response than conventional hydrogels. These newly developed hydrogel microparticles have a number of advantages over the conventional hydrogels as well as over other micro‐ or nanotechnologies. These are used to achieve either sustained or prolonged action as well as rapid release of drugs by complexation with hydrophilic polymers to enhance their solubility and ultimately bioavailability of poorly water‐soluble drugs. Various techniques are used to prepare hydrogel microparticles such as the ionic gelation method, spray drying, dispersion, photopolymerization ionotropic gelation method, free radical precipitation polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, free radical polymerization, etc. Certain polymers along with various types of initiators, cross‐linkers, and monomers are used in different concentrations depending upon the purpose of hydrogel microparticles. In recent review, we have focused upon the loading and drug release patterns from hydrogel microparticles, various technologies, and components applied in their preparations and applications in the pharmaceutical field. Hydrogel microparticles can be aimed for various purposes such as solubility enhancement of hydrophobic drugs, and targeted drug delivery, magnetic carriers; therefore, these are useful assets of pharmaceutical market.
Effect of intranasal dexamethasone on endogenous cortisol level and intraocular pressure
Authors: Martino Benjamin J. , Church Christopher A. , Seiberling Kristin A.
Published: April 2015

Background

Medical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) centers on the administration of steroids. High‐dose topical nasal steroids (HDTNS) have shown promising results with less systemic effects than oral steroids. One promising HDTNS is 0.132% dexamethasone nasal spray. We investigated whether intranasal dexamethasone was associated with changes in serum cortisol and/or intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods

Patients with CRSwNP were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.132% nasal spray twice daily. Morning serum cortisol and IOP were checked after at least 6 weeks of therapy.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients met study criteria. The average serum cortisol level after at least 6 weeks of therapy (average duration of 38.3 weeks) was 9.8 μg/dL (normal range, 4 to 22 μg/dL). Ten patients had suppressed cortisol levels (average, 2.5 μg/dL). Ten patients underwent IOP measurements and none revealed ocular hypertension on tonometry.

Conclusion

High‐dose dexamethasone nasal spray given for a period of at least 6 weeks does appear to have the potential to cause a decrease in serum cortisol levels; however, future studies with greater power are necessary to support this claim. Additionally, similar administration of high‐dose dexamethasone nasal spray did not reveal IOP diagnostic of ocular hypertension on single‐measurement tonometry readings.
Proinflammatory mediators alter expression of nuclear factor kappa B–regulating deubiquitinases in sinonasal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Ying , Turner Justin H.
Published: April 2015

Background

Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) is a vital transcription factor that is activated by numerous inflammatory stimuli. Its activity is tightly regulated by a family of deubiquitinating enzymes (A20, Cezanne, cylindromatosis [CYLD]) that function in a negative‐feedback loop, a process that prevents chronic and systemic inflammation. This study seeks to characterize the expression and functional role of NF‐κB–regulating deubiquitinases in the sinonasal epithelium.

Methods

Expression of A20, Cezanne, and CYLD was assessed in normal sinonasal tissue using immunohistochemistry. Cultured sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α], interleukin 4 [IL]‐4, IL‐13) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and changes in NF‐κB activation and deubiquitinase expression were assessed using Western blots and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), respectively.

Results

NF‐κB was activated in response to LPS and TNF‐α, but not IL‐4 or IL‐13. A20, Cezanne, and CYLD were all expressed in sinonasal tissue, primarily along the apical surface of the epithelium. Proinflammatory mediators primarily affected expression of A20, with upregulation by LPS and TNF‐α and downregulation by IL‐4 and IL‐13.

Conclusion

The NF‐κB–regulating deubiquitinases A20, Cezanne, and CYLD are expressed in sinonasal tissue and are differentially induced by proinflammatory cytokines and the microbial antigen, LPS. These results suggest an important role for NF‐κB–regulating deubiquitinases in mucosal immunity and homeostasis.
Genetic Incorporation of Nε‐Formyllysine, a New Histone Post‐translational Modification
Authors: Wang Tianyuan , Zhou Qing , Li Fahui , Yu Yang , Yin Xuebin , Wang Jiangyun
Published: April 2015

Lysine formylation is a newly discovered post‐translational modification (PTM) in histones and other nuclear proteins; it has a well‐recognized but poorly defined role in chromatin conformation modulation and gene expression. To date, there is no general method to site‐specifically incorporate Nε‐formyllysine at a defined site of a protein. Here we report the highly efficient genetic incorporation of the unnatural amino acid Nε‐formyllysine into proteins produced in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells, by using an orthogonal Nε‐formyllysine tRNAsynthetase/tRNACUA pair. This technique can be applied to study the role of lysine formylation in epigenetic regulation.
The role of children's bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in the ex vivo expansion of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Pelagiadis Iordanis , Stiakaki Eftichia , Choulaki Christianna , Kalmanti Maria , Dimitriou Helen
Published: April 2015

The recognition of the role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in hematopoiesis, as part of the bone marrow microenvironment, renewed the interest for cord blood (CB) ex vivo expansion as a source of HSC for transplantation. MSC from children are recognized to have different biological properties compared to the ones from adults. The current study focuses on the evaluation of the effects of children's bone marrow MSC on the ex vivo expansion capacity of both allogeneic cord blood and autologous bone marrow (BM) CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) when used as a cell feeder layer with or without recombinant cytokines. Our results showed that children's bone marrow‐derived MSC expand more primitive populations in co culture with CD34 and that the expansion is further enhanced when the culture is supplemented with growth factors. No additive effect was seen either with the early‐ or late‐acting growth factors' cocktails used. Biological features of CB hematopoietic progenitors seem to make them more suitable than their BM counterparts for ex vivo expansion. Clinical implementation will be facilitated by methodological standardization and guidelines' establishment.
Comparison between two‐ and three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography bifurcation analyses for the assessment of bifurcation lesions: A subanalysis of the TRYTON pivotal IDE coronary bifurcation trial
Authors: Muramatsu Takashi , Grundeken Maik J. , Ishibashi Yuki , Nakatani Shimpei , Girasis Chrysafios , Campos Carlos M. , Morel Marie‐Angèle , Jonker Hans , de Winter Robbert J. , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , García‐García Hector M. , Leon Martin B. , Serruys Patrick W. , Onuma Yoshinobu ,   On behalf of the TRYTON Pivotal IDE Coronary Bifurcation Trial Investigators
Published: April 2015

Background

Three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) provides more accurate measurements by minimizing inherent limitations of two‐dimensional (2D) QCA. The aim of this study was to compare the measurements between 2D and 3D QCA analyses in bifurcation lesions.

Methods and Results

A total of 114 cases with non‐left main bifurcation lesions in the TRYTON pivotal IDE Coronary Bifurcation Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01258972) were analyzed using a validated bifurcation QCA software (CAAS 5.10, Pie Medical Imaging, Maastricht, the Netherlands). All cases were analyzed in matched projections between pre‐ and post‐procedure. The 2D analysis was performed using one of two angiographic images used for 3D reconstruction showing a larger distal bifurcation angle. In the treated segments (stent and balloon), there were no differences in minimal luminal diameter (MLD) between 2D and 3D, while diameter stenosis (DS) was significantly higher in 2D compared to 3D both pre‐procedure and post‐procedure (53.9% for 2D vs. 52.1% for 3D pre‐procedure, P < 0.01; 23.2% for 2D vs. 20.9% for 3D post‐procedure, P = 0.01). In the sub‐segment level analysis, lengths of proximal main branch, distal main branch, and side branch were consistently shorter in 2D compared to 3D both pre‐procedure and post‐procedure. Using 3D QCA, the anatomic location of the smallest MLD or the highest DS was relocated to a different bifurcation sub‐segment in a considerable proportion of the patients compared to when 2D‐QCA was used (kappa values: 0.50 for MLD, 0.55 for DS).

Conclusions

Our data showed differences in addressing anatomical severity and location of coronary bifurcation lesions between in vivo 2D and 3D QCA analyses. More studies are needed to investigate potential clinical benefits in using 3D approach over 2D QCA for the assessment of bifurcation lesions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter balloon dilation for recurrent right ventricular outflow tract obstruction following valve‐sparing repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Gellis Laura , Banka Puja , Marshall Audrey , Emani Sitaram , Porras Diego
Published: April 2015

Background

Valve‐sparing repair in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) carries the risk of residual or recurrent right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, which is often treated with transcatheter balloon dilation (BD). The outcomes and associated complications of BD of the RVOT in this scenario remain unknown.

Methods

Retrospective review of the records of the Department of Cardiology at Boston Children's Hospital from 2000 to 2013 was performed.

Results

34 patients had initial valve‐sparing repair of tetralogy of Fallot followed by BD of the RVOT during the study period. Following BD, the RVOT gradient decreased from a median of 43 mm Hg (range 13 to 79 mm Hg) to 28 mm Hg (range 0 to 73 mm Hg) (P < 0.001). Freedom from reintervention was 64% at 1 year and 46% at 3 years. Trivial to mild PR pre‐BD was present in 56% (n = 19) of patients and decreased to 37% (n = 11) post‐BD. Exclusively valvar obstruction was associated with a longer freedom from reintervention (P = 0.05), while a ratio of RV pressure to aortic systolic pressure pre‐BD of >1 and a final RVOT gradient of ≥40 post‐BD were associated with shorter freedom from reintervention (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

BD in patients with recurrent RVOT obstruction following valve‐sparing repair of TOF acutely reduces the RVOT gradient, but commonly results in increased PR and is associated with a high reintervention rate. Patients with stenosis solely at the level of the valve had a better response to this type of intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes in diabetes patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin compared with heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIA inhibitors: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Nairooz Ramez , Sardar Partha , Amin Hossam , Chatterjee Saurav , Helmy Tarek , Naidu Srihari S.
Published: April 2015

Background

Diabetes patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have more complications than nondiabetes patients, including increased long‐term mortality. Use of bivalirudin versus heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) in diabetes patients undergoing PCI and its effect on long‐term mortality were evaluated in few randomized trials, but with conflicting results.

Methods

We searched the literature for randomized controlled trials that compared heparin and GPI therapy with bivalirudin in diabetes patients undergoing PCI. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death from any cause, myocardial infarction (MI), urgent revascularization, major and minor bleeding (at 30 days), as well as all‐cause mortality at 1 year were included, and meta‐analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 5,137 patients with diabetes were included in four randomized trials. At 30 days, bivalirudin, compared with heparin and GPI, caused less major bleeding (odds ratio (OR), 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.89; P = 0.005) and less minor bleeding (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41–0.57; P < 0.00001) and similar rates of MACE (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.70–1.08; P = 0.21), MI (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.68–1.10; P = 0.25), and urgent revascularization (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76–1.65; P = 0.57). Death from any cause at 30 day was numerically lower with bivalirudin use but not statistically significant (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.46–1.13; P = 0.15). Mortality at 1 year was significantly lower in diabetes patients treated with bivalirudin compared with heparin and GPI (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99; P = 0.04). A secondary analysis suggests that the major bleeding benefit with bivalirudin may be driven by mandated use of GPI in heparin arm.

Conclusion

Among patients with diabetes undergoing PCI, bivalirudin caused less major and minor bleeding compared with heparin and GPI, with similar rates of MACE, death, MI, and urgent revascularization at 30 days, but significantly lower mortality rates at 1 year. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful coil embolization for Fontan‐rout to aorta communication—recovery from complication of brockenbrough procedure in Fontan patient
Authors: Sugiyama Hisashi , Ishii Tetsuko , Nakanishi Toshio
Published: April 2015

The Brockenbrough (BB) procedure is becoming the necessary procedure for radiofrequency ablation for supravalvular tachycardia in patients after a Fontan procedure. We experience Fontan‐rout to aorta communication caused by the BB procedure. The communication was successfully occluded using a detachable coil. This complication was rare but could still happen as an increasing necessity of the catheter ablation in patients with a Fontan procedure. Coil embolization is a potential option for recovery from this complication. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isomer Treatment by Additive Application in the Liquid Stage as Known from Industrial Crystallization
Authors: Kreißig Franziska , Schäfer Christian , Verdurand Elodie , Ulrich Joachim
Published: April 2015

This study verified the usefulness of additives for the stabilization of dissolved material in the liquid stage as in the case of crystallization. Additives were introduced to prevent dissolved crystals from isomerization and degradation. The case study here is astaxanthin, a carotenoid occurring in different isomers. The molecule structure is susceptible to a plethora of substances and factors which cause transformation and degradation of the isomers. The aim was to examine whether foreign materials (additives) would induce a change of the kinetics of a system consisting of crystalline all‐trans astaxanthin dissolved in chloroform. The results show that K2CO3 and CH3COOK increase the stability of all‐trans astaxanthin in solution.
Identify common values, strategize for a partnership with student affairs
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: April 2015

Academic and student affairs divisions often work in silos or, worse yet, against each other. The predominant model in higher education has been, and still is, to have two separate units. This traditional model does not always foster cooperation.
Review best practices for sexual assault prevention, response
Authors: Bennett Laura
Published: April 2015

It seems 2014 turned out to be an eventful year for those of us involved with the resolution of incidents of sexual violence on college and university campuses.
Re‐examine intern programs to ensure compliance with FLSA
Authors: Wilson Mark
Published: April 2015

Colleges cannot afford to be nonchalant about the design and intent of their internship programs.
Effects of trans‐10, cis‐12‐conjugated linoleic acid on mice are influenced by the dietary fat content and the degree of murine obesity
Authors: Li Shi‐Li , Ma Shu‐Yu , Xu Bin‐Rui , Fan Zhi‐Ying , Li Mei‐Juan , Cao Wen‐Guang , Gou Ke‐Mian
Published: April 2015

Trans‐10, cis‐12‐conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12‐CLA) has been reported to induce body fat loss with the side effects of liver steatosis and the development of diabetes. To investigate whether the dietary fat content may influence the response to t10c12‐CLA in animals, t10c12‐producing recombinant food‐grade Lactococcus lactis transformed with the pai isomerase gene was used to feed lean, obesity‐induced, or obese mice. Compared with the non‐CLA producing recombinant, the significant (p < 0.05) changes in the lean mice were the loss of body weight and abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05), reduced ratios of total cholesterol/HDL, and LDL/HDL (p < 0.05), and an early hepatic steatosis. In obesity‐induced mice, the body weight and abdominal adipose tissue were unexpectedly increased (p < 0.05) with an elevated TG/HDL ratio (p < 0.05). In obese mice, only the ratios of LDL/HDL and total cholesterol/HDL were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. In addition, within three groups, certain changes in fatty acid composition also occurred in various organs and tissues. These results suggest that the dietary fat level and host obesity can alter the response to t10c12‐CLA in animals.

Practical Applications: Trans‐10, cis‐12‐CLA has been commercialized as a functional food or nutraceutical because of its multiple effects on body health; for example it may reduce body fat. However, a few studies have also found that t10c12‐CLA had no effect on losing fat and has side effects such as non‐alcoholic liver steatosis. This study provides deeper insights, revealing that the health effect of t10c12‐CLA is also influenced by the dietary fat content or host obesity degree. The results of this study may help to explain the inconsistencies in animal experiments and in human clinical studies on t10c12‐CLA.

Differences (*p < 0.05) in body weight gain (%) in lean, obesity‐induced, or obese mice that received t10c12‐producing (▴) or non‐CLA producing (●) L. lactis.
Would you post that picture and let your dad see it? Culture, honor, and Facebook
Authors: Günsoy Ceren , Cross Susan E. , Sarıbay Adİl , Olcaysoy Ökten Irmak , Kurutaş Meltem
Published: April 2015

Honor means “high respect; esteem,” but it has different associations for different cultures. In honor cultures (Turkey), esteem depends on one's own perception of self‐worth and on other people's opinions. In those cultures, honor is easily lost and difficult to regain. In dignity cultures (northern America), esteem mainly depends on the individual and cannot be taken away by others. One way to lose honor in Turkey is through behaviors that may be seen as “potentially improper.” Thus, we expected that posting pictures of such behaviors on Facebook (e.g., at a party; with one's boyfriend/girlfriend) and letting others see them would be less likely in Turkey than in the northern United States. Moreover, we investigated whether honor endorsement was the reason for this difference. We examined participants' posting intentions and actual Facebook behaviors. As expected, Turkish participants were less willing to post and let others (especially their relatives) see their potentially improper pictures compared with northern Americans. Moreover, honor endorsement negatively predicted the willingness to post such pictures only in Turkey, especially for women. This suggests that in honor cultures, the concern for losing honor could be the underlying reason for avoiding social media postings that could be potentially perceived as improper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentiometric Biosensor System Based on Recombinant Urease and Creatinine Deiminase for Urea and Creatinine Determination in Blood Dialysate and Serum
Authors: Marchenko S. V. , Kucherenko I. S. , Soldatkin O. O. , Soldatkin A. P.
Published: April 2015

A biosensor system for simultaneous determination of creatinine and urea in blood serum and dialysate samples was developed. It consisted of creatinine and urea biosensors based on a potentiometric transducers with two identical pH‐sensitive field‐effect transistors. In creatinine biosensor, creatinine deiminase immobilized via photopolymerization in PVA/SbQ polymer on one transistor served as a biorecognition element, while bovine serum albumin in PVA/SbQ polymer placed on the second transistor was used for reference. The urea biosensor was created in the same way but recombinant urease was used instead of creatinine deiminase. The linear ranges of creatinine and urea measurement were 0.02–2 mM and 0.5–15 mM, correspondingly, which allowed simultaneous determination of the metabolites. Response time of the biosensor system was 2–3 min; RSD of responses did not exceeded 5 %. The biosensors demonstrated absence of non‐selective response towards components of blood dialysate and serum. Urea and creatinine concentrations were determined in 20 samples of blood dialysate and serum. The results correlated well with traditional methods of analysis. Creatinine and urea biosensors were stable during five months of storage (during this time the responses decreased by about 10 %). The proposed biosensor system can be effectively used for analysis of serum samples and for hemodialysis control.
Partial‐Load Analysis of a Temperature‐Controlled Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine (SOFC–GT) Hybrid Power Plant
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Jiyun , Wang Peng , Xiong Binyu , Xian Liang , Badrinarayanan Rajagopalan
Published: April 2015

Due to high conversion efficiency and low environmental impact, solid‐oxide fuel cells coupled with a gas turbine (SOFC–GT) have received much attention. A proper stack temperature control strategy ensures safety and enhances performance. A heat management subsystem capable of adjusting the stack temperature is critical for the hybrid plant. Most present SOFC–GT plants deliver the full volume of the GT’s exhaust to heat up the stack. Stack cooling is realized by blowing extra air, which consumes more parasitic energy and impacts the plant’s conversion efficiency. In this study, a heat management subsystem has been added into the SOFC–GT plant. The stack average temperature can be adjusted by controlling the volume of the GT’s exhaust and additional fuel. In this way, the parasitic energy owing to the air compressor is reduced. To investigate the proposed plant’s performance, a corresponding model has been established. Simulation results of the specific operating point show that the heat management subsystem can maintain the stack average temperature at its proper value. Furthermore, based on the different air/additional fuel supply patterns, the partial‐load performance of the proposed plant has been compared, and an optimal partial‐load strategy is proposed. The proposed SOFC–GT plant shows a wide output range (370.0–1540.7 kW) with remarkable efficiency (56.8 %–75.0 %).
Optimizing the cross‐flow nanofiltration process for chromium (VI) removal from simulated wastewater through response surface methodology
Authors: Anupam Kumar , Sikder Jaya , Pal Sayan , Halder Gopinath
Published: April 2015

Experimental and statistical investigations on the removal of chromium (VI) from simulated wastewater over the influence of different parameters viz. pH, cross flow rate, and transmembrane pressure were carried out in cross‐flow nanofiltration through central composite response surface design. A satisfactory prediction second order regression model was developed and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination with R2 value of 0.9820. The maximum chromium (VI) rejection of 0.9893 and permeate flux of 38 L/h were achieved at optimum parametric conditions of pH 11, cross flow rate 700 L/h and transmembrane pressure 10 bar. The results indicate that the chromium (VI) rejection strongly depends not only on linear and square effects of pH, cross flow rate, and transmembrane pressure but also on interaction effects of pH and transmembrane pressure as well as cross flow rate and transmembrane pressure. The study reveals that the nanofiltration process at the optimal conditions could lead to a significant result in removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1332–1340, 2015
Determination of optimum oven cooking procedures for lean beef products
Authors: Rodas‐González Argenis , Larsen Ivy L. , Uttaro Bethany , Juárez Manuel , Parslow Joyce , Aalhus Jennifer L.
Published: April 2015

In order to determine optimum oven cooking procedures for lean beef, the effects of searing at 232 or 260°C for 0, 10, 20 or 30 min, and roasting at 160 or 135°C on semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles were evaluated. In addition, the optimum determined cooking method (oven‐seared for 10 min at 232°C and roasted at 135°C) was applied to SM roasts varying in weight from 0.5 to 2.5 kg. Mainly, SM muscles seared for 0 or 10 min at 232°C followed by roast at 135°C had lower cooking loss, higher external browning color, more uniform internal color, and were more tender and flavorful (P < 0.05). Roast weights ≥1 kg had lesser cooking loss, more uniform internal color and tender compared to 0.5 kg (P < 0.05). Consequently, roasting at low temperature without searing is the recommended oven cooking procedure; with best response from muscle roast weight ≥1 kg.
[64Cu]‐labelled trastuzumab: optimisation of labelling by DOTA and NODAGA conjugation and initial evaluation in mice
Authors: Schjoeth‐Eskesen Christina , Nielsen Carsten Haagen , Heissel Søren , Højrup Peter , Hansen Paul Robert , Gillings Nic , Kjaer Andreas
Published: April 2015

The human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20–30% of all breast cancer cases, leading to increased cell proliferation, growth and migration. The monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, binds to HER2 and is used for treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab has previously been labelled with copper‐64 by conjugation of a 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator. The aim of this study was to optimise the 64Cu‐labelling of DOTA‐trastuzumab and as the first to produce and compare with its 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane, 1‐glutaric acid‐5,7 acetic acid (NODAGA) analogue in a preliminary HER2 tumour mouse model. The chelators were conjugated to trastuzumab using the activated esters DOTA mono‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and NODAGA‐NHS. 64Cu‐labelling of DOTA‐trastuzumab was studied by varying the amount of DOTA‐trastuzumab used, reaction temperature and time. Full 64Cu incorporation could be achieved using a minimum of 10‐µg DOTA‐trastuzumab, but the fastest labelling was obtained after 15 min at room temperature using 25 µg of DOTA‐trastuzumab. In comparison, 80% incorporation was achieved for 64Cu‐labelling of NODAGA‐trastuzumab. Both [64Cu]DOTA‐trastuzumab and [64Cu]NODAGA‐trastuzumab were produced after purification with radiochemical purities of >97%. The tracers were injected into mice with HER2 expressing tumours. The mice were imaged by positron emission tomography and showed high tumour uptake of 3–9% ID/g for both tracers.
In vitro studies of primary explosive blast loading on neurons
Authors: Zander Nicole E. , Piehler Thuvan , Boggs Mary E. , Banton Rohan , Benjamin Richard
Published: April 2015

In a military setting, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently caused by blast waves that can trigger a series of neuronal biochemical changes. Although many animal models have been used to study the effects of primary blast waves, elucidating the mechanisms of damage in a whole‐animal model is extremely complex. In vitro models of primary blast, which allow for the deconvolution of mechanisms, are relatively scarce. It is largely unknown how structural damage at the cellular level impacts the functional activity at variable time scales after the TBI event. A novel in vitro system was developed to probe the effects of explosive blast (ranging from ∼25 to 40 psi) on dissociated neurons. PC12 neurons were cultured on laminin‐coated substrates, submerged underwater, and subjected to single and multiple blasts in a controlled environment. Changes in cell membrane permeability, viability, and cell morphology were evaluated. Significant increases in axonal beading were observed in the injured cells. In addition, although cell death was minimal after a single insult, cell viability decreased significantly following repeated blast exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plant architecture, plasticity, and adaptation strategies of two oat genotypes under different competition intensities
Authors: Li Pu‐Fang , Ma Bao‐Luo , Yan Weikai , Cheng Zheng‐Guo , Li Feng‐Min , Xiong You‐Cai
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

The hypothesis that positive and negative interactions account for adaptive strategies was tested in a controlled study with two oat (Avena sativa) genotypes: ‘Manotick’ with erect leaves and ‘Oa1316‐1’ with prostrate leaves. An increasing competition pattern was designed by varying the number of seeds planted in each container and the space between containers, thus creating different planting density regimes (i.e. alternative and solid treatments).

RESULTS

Total biomass of individual plants tended to decrease exponentially with increasing density in both genotypes. Under high density stress, Manotick allocated more biomass to the roots and produced 50% more tillers, leading to more non‐productive tillers and lower harvest index in the alternative than in the solid treatment. In contrast, Oa1316‐1 allocated more biomass to panicles and stems, and less to the roots, with fewer tillers.

CONCLUSIONS

With increasing density and strengthening intraspecific competition, Manotick reduced aboveground biomass allocation, leading to lower yield, while Oa1316‐1 decreased allocation to the roots, but increased allocation to the panicles under an increasingly competitive environment. These adjustments were mechanically derived from negative and positive interactions, ensuring greater yield in the prostrate type. Our findings provided a novel rationale for a planting strategy based on plant type selections. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous detection of bacitracin and polymyxin B in livestock products using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Dan , Park Jin‐A , Kim Dong‐Soon , Kim Na‐Hyun , Kim Seong‐Kwan , Cho Kyeong‐Su , Jeong Dana , Shim Jae‐Han , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin Ho‐Chul
Published: April 2015

With the overarching aim to develop a simple and reliable method for the quantitative analysis of polypeptide antibiotics in various livestock products, the content of bacitracin, and polymyxin B in pork, beef, chicken, milk, and eggs was analyzed using colistin sulfate as an internal standard. The extracted samples were eluted via solid‐phase extraction using 2% formic acid in acetonitrile/methanol (1:1, v/v). The two polypeptides were identified and quantified based on the intensities of mass fragments from the respective triply charged precursor ions (bacitracin: 474.97 amu and polymyxin B: 402 amu) at the defined retention time windows using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in time‐scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range 50–2500 ng/mL with determination coefficients ≥ 0.991. The mean recoveries were in the range 80.3–88.8% with relative standard deviations <13% for all samples. The limits of quantitation ranged from 30–250 ng/g. The developed method was applied to market samples, but the target analytes were not detected in any of the samples. The developed method is reliable for the simultaneous detection of bacitracin and polymyxin B in pork, beef, chicken, milk, and eggs.
The informing nature of talk & text: Discourse analysis as a research approach in information science
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Hicks Deborah , Schindel Theresa J. , Willson Rebekah
Published: April 2015

In Information Science (IS), as well as other disciplines, discourse analysis has been used to extend the range of contextual data gathered using other research approaches. This form of textual analysis can enrich our understanding of complex information practices and contexts, particularly in relation to the ways that society and individuals construct understandings of various phenomena. However, not all discourse analysis approaches are the same; linguistic, Foucouldian, and psycho‐social discourse analysis practices vary in their intent and their application. This panel will provide an overview of the discourse analysis methodology, including how the approach is conducted in various disciplines. By focusing on three projects by IS scholars that use discourse analysis, the range of data collection and analysis possibilities – including benefits and limitations of the approach – will be explored. The panel will also discuss how discourse analysis can be used in mixed methods studies, or with research participants engaged in other methods, to extend the research knowledge in the discipline.
Mediating connections through materiality: Cultures and communities
Authors: Urban Ivette Bayo , Howarth Lynne C. , Vamanu Iulian
Published: April 2015

Objects and their associations are a means of self‐expression and an integral part of identity making. Our panelists and our participants together will engage in exploring, defining and theorizing diverse research spaces of mediating connections through materiality. The panel is a discursive arena where participants embedded in different communities engage in material practices. In this session the panelists and participants will walk through the process of mediating connections through materiality in real time. The session is intended to be about the process—the means to an end, not an end in itself: shifting boundaries, identifying connections, moving margins and creating a participatory practice that embodies the very connections we hope to enact. Together we are moving from {apart from} to {a part of} – thus our practice reflects what we have experienced in our respective projects, facilitating in a material way the practice of boundary‐spanning. This interactive session essentially speaks to all aspects of the conference theme of Connecting Collections, Cultures, and Communities.
How can information providers connect information resources to entrepreneurs to spur innovation in economic development? Co‐sponsored by SIG‐III and SIG‐USE
Authors: Albright Kendra , Bouthillier France , Jin Tao , Zhang Yao
Published: April 2015

Information and knowledge have been recognized as valuable resources for gaining competitive advantage, streamlining decision making and improving strategic management. In an increasingly competitive economic environment, the survival of organizations is heavily dependent on their recognition of information as an important strategic resource (Choo, ). Entrepreneurs, who have been regarded as the key drivers of innovation and have frequently been credited with boosting economic development (Timmons & Spinelli, 2009), find themselves in an increasingly disadvantaged position as a result of an inability to compete with the financial power of large companies. The benefits that entrepreneurs reap from having access to quality information resources have been documented in many studies, however, the accessibility and preferences of the information resources varies by context. The focus of the panel will be exploring how information specialists and institutions help entrepreneurs access and use information resources to support their business ventures. Panellists will shed light on different international perspectives drawn from research conducted on different types of groups/organizations. Discussion will be geared to illuminate existing approaches that have been taken to meet the information needs of entrepreneurs, with a view to propose future courses of action.
Open access: The global scene
Authors: Assefa Shimelis , Rorissa Abebe , Matusiak Krystyna , Gelaw Daniel , Helge Kris
Published: April 2015

Significant achievements have been scored regarding Open Access (OA) and its worldwide adoption. The increasing numbers in the availability of OA repositories and journals (refereed and otherwise); publishers that embraced OA in different forms; universities and colleges that adopted OA as a matter of policy; and funding agencies that require authors and researchers to deposit their work in openly accessible digital repositories are all clear indications of the widespread adoption of OA practices. However, the practices are not well coordinated, largely project‐based, and dictated by institutional circumstances. For the sake of disseminating and preserving scholarly publications and other forms of research outputs well into the future, it is critical that a consistent and uniform policy and technical framework that addresses the needs and concerns of all relevant stakeholders involved be adopted. Members of this panel will review the global OA practices and suggest ideas for the implementation of an international infrastructure that supports and sustains the future of open scholarly communication.

Sponsors

SIG III and SIG IFP
Youth beyond borders: Methodological challenges in youth information interaction
Authors: Waugh Amanda , Ahn June , Magee Rachel M. , Bowler Leanne , Agosto Denise E. , Subramaniam Mega
Published: April 2015

The pace of technological change is rapid and the impact of this acceleration on the information behavior of youth from diverse backgrounds is multifaceted. Most young people have online access in some form, but the uses and quality of access vary tremendously (Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi & Gasser, 2013). With the growth and variation of information behaviors among youth in social media and the mobile Web, keeping pace with research methods used to capture these behaviors and phenomena continues to be a discussion among scholars. Adding to the complications of research in this area, youth are increasingly using information and communications technologies (ICT) across platforms for a variety of information behaviors, including academic and social reasons (Agosto & Abbas, ). It is often not enough to solely examine a young person's Twitter feed ‐ we need to see how that conversation carries from Twitter, to direct messages, to texting, to a Facebook post and so on. This variation suggests a need for greater nuance in research (Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi & Gasser, 2013; Gasser, Cortesi, Malik & Lee, 2012). This panel will bring together several researchers experienced in studying youth information practices to discuss their methodologies and strategies in dealing with these intricate issues. This panel will be conducted in a roundtable style – encouraging deep conversation between the researchers and the audience. This will be followed by a small group discussions with the audience and conclude by sharing back best practices uncovered through the group discussions. Through attending this panel, attendees will engage with current developments in diverse youth, ICT and research methodologies, and identify priorities and approaches for future work in these areas.
Panel: Knowledge organization systems (KOS) as linked data services
Authors: Busch Joseph A , Bliss Vivian , Zeng Marcia Lei , Hlava Marjorie , Žumer Maja , Subirats Imma
Published: April 2015

Knowledge organization systems (KOS) are the key elements for interlinking the values of Linked Data datasets. Existing KOS products (including well‐known thesauri and classification systems) need to be transformed into the constructs of Linked Data services, much more beyond what a traditional thesaurus or classification were/are developed, but how? What can these Linked Data KOS bring to various information services? The panelists will share their experiences and lessons learned. The presentation starts from the processes that have been developed to build, maintain, and publish a newly derived taxonomy using W3C SKOS standard, to make it extensible and scalable to support new information services in scholarly publishing workflow. The next presentation will share experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of a platform built for publishing and distribution of multiple KOS and for automatic indexing using these KOS. The third case is a Linked Data bibliographic service, a RDF‐aware system and a mash up application which relies on the use of a multilingual thesaurus that has been published and maintained as a Linked Data dataset, and has been mapped to more than ten KOS. For the datasets that have not used standardized KOS, the panel will present methods that can be applied when generating or deriving project‐focused micro‐thesauri from the Linked Data KOS and give an overview of the use cases of Linked Data KOS in information services.
Big data and the study of dementia: Epistemological promises and pitfalls
Authors: Campbell D. Grant
Published: April 2015

This paper examines the potential contribution of big data analytical methods to our understanding of dementia and the best means of caring for those afflicted with dementia. Using Ian Hacking's history of statistics as a basis, the paper examines the three fundamental premises of big data: large datasets, a high tolerance of error and a focus on correlation rather than causation. Big data both evokes and departs from the epistemological assumptions that gave rise to statistical analysis, and its innovations merit both optimism and caution. While big data offers important means of reframing questions of dementia and dementia care along lines more conducive to the needs of patients and caregivers, the enthusiastic adoption of big data in business circles threatens to distort the practices into cost‐saving measures that reflect false efficiencies rather than genuine improvements.
Relationships among video games: Existing standards and new definitions
Authors: Lee Jin Ha , Clarke Rachel Ivy , Sacchi Simone , Jett Jacob
Published: April 2015

This paper identifies and defines common relationships among video games and interactive media in an attempt to improve our understanding of and support conceptual data modeling in this domain. Existing models and standards such as Dublin Core, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Resource Description and Access, CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, and Cataloging Cultural Objects do offer a variety of relationships between resources; however, many video games are related in more complex ways that cannot be adequately represented by these models and standards, especially in ways that reflect how game players understand games and how cultural heritage institutions might curate them. After thorough review of existing standards, consultation with domain experts, and examination of sample game sets, we identified and defined 11 relationship types and 4 grouping entities prevalent in the video game domain, and offer suggestions on how these might be represented in a conceptual model.
The materiality of encyclopedic information: Remediating a loved one – mourning britannica
Authors: Haider Jutta , Sundin Olof
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a qualitative thematic analysis of reader comments posted in connection to a series of articles published after Encyclopaedia Britannica's announcement to forego its print edition. It shows how ideas of what information is, are entangled with ideas of what a certain medium is and does. Two research questions guide the analysis: 1) How are encyclopedias as information sources imagined in contemporary public discourse? 2) How does the materiality of encyclopedias shape ideas of knowledge, information and memory? A theoretical basis is the distinction between an epistemological discourse and a practice discourse of science as proposed by Bernd Frohmann. Furthermore, the concept of remediation as developed by Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin is drawn on. The analysis maps out different functions encyclopedias as information sources and external memories are assigned in contemporary society and in the recent past. It shows how these functions go into one another and how they are entangled with certain social practices. Through this it makes visible how understandings of information at a personal level are entwined with ideas of materiality, technologies, and culture that are formed in conjuncture with larger historical and societal shifts.
Considerations on the social role of the document according to paul otlet
Authors: de Moura Amanda Pacini
Published: April 2015

This study assesses Paul Otlet's (1868‐1944) understanding of the social role of the document. Specifically, it explores why he considers documents as essential elements for the ordering of social relations. In order to do so, it examines Otlet's expositions on the nature of the social dynamics, and contrasts them with his descriptions of the document and its functions in the social sphere. It observes Otlet's claims for the book as an instrument of social improvement, noticing how they were emphasized by the circumstances of both the First World War and the interwar period. It analyzes the analogies he employs to describe society and project its future and how they reflected internationalist assumptions, and notices how his arguments for the importance of the book draw heavily from it. The article argues that contemporary Information Science still needs to fully consider the element of internationalism in Otlet's construction of documentation, particularly in how it relates to social cooperation, collaboration and connection.
Searching for temporal patterns in the time series of publications of authors in a research specialty
Authors: Velden Theresa , Yu Kan , Lagoze Carl
Published: April 2015

In this paper we report results of our investigation of temporal patterns in the publication activity of authors in a research specialty. We base our analysis on Web of Science data for a field in the physical and chemical sciences from 1991‐2012. We determine the research groups in the field by clustering the co‐author network and generate our sample for this analysis by selecting the most productive author of each co‐author cluster to represent the activity of that group. Whereas a statistical time series analysis did not reveal any specific patterns, a time series clustering approach generated a grouping of time series that correlates with the structural network position (‘node role') of the respective authors in the clustered co‐author network. This work is part of a long‐term research project employing a mix of qualitative and network analytic methods to investigate field‐specific differences in collaborative patterns.