bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Scholarship and Credit Pre-Assessment System
Authors:   Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Mysore, India, Hegde Ramakrishna
Published: January 2022

The researcher explained the implementation process of finding the scholarship for the students by using machine learning supervised learning algorithm i.e. Naïve Bayes algorithm. Addition to this it includes a small description of naïve bayes classifier which used to be used through the authors. It explains the significance of training facts set and trying out information set in Machine mastering techniques. Machine learning nowadays becomes plenty used technique in the field of IT industry. It is a very effective instrument and technique for many quite a number fields such as education, IT and even in enterprise industry. In this paper, the researcher attempt to find computerized end result reputation of scholarships of college students by way of using naïve bayes classifier algorithm primarily based on the scholar educational performance, conversation skills, greedy power, IHS, income, time management, regularity etc. A scholarship offers a strength and self assurance to a student. It also boosts the performance of students indirectly. Usually scholarships are furnished by governments or authorities organizations. It is very essential for students to recognize their personal potentiality early in their educational profession so that they faster its growth, receiving attention from an employer or corporation helps college students take this step. Students can apply for scholarships primarily based on the eligibility criteria (such as caste category, annual income, etc). The scholarship will be issued based on merit, student performance and career specific. Different schemes of scholarships are provided for the students based on distinct eligibility criteria. By the use of a naïve bayes classifier, the researcher acquired a end result with accuracy of 96.7% and error of 3.3%. The repute of scholarship students was once displayed in the form of yes or no.
Computing of Existence and Uniqueness Solutions for Differential Equations in Metric Spaces by Using MATLAB
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan, Rahman Abdel Radi Abdel Rahman Abdel Gadir Abdel
Published: January 2022

A metric space is a set along with a measurement on the set, A metric actuates topological properties like open and shut sets, which lead to the investigation of more theoretical topological spaces. It also has many applications in functional analysis. The aim of this work is design and develop highly efficient algorithms that provide the existence of unique solutions to the differential equation in metric spaces using MATLAB. The quality algorithm was used and developed to solve the differential equation in metric spaces. For accurate results. The proposed model contributed to providing an integrated computer solution for all stages of the solution starting from the stage of solving differential equations in metric space and the stage of displaying and representing the results graphically in the MATLAB program
The Effects of Situational Teaching on Preschool Children’s Originality Development
Authors:   Department of Sports Science, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan., Cheng Li-Yuan
Published: January 2022

Preschool education is a critical stage in a child's life. Several studies have confirmed that the pivotal moment for the development of creativity is between the ages of three and five. Through cultivation, training, and learning development ability, preschool children's creativity can be amplified through the presence of nature and the imagination of instructional strategies. The purpose of this research is to look into the effect of situational learning in physical education on preschool children's creativity. This study's methodology begins with a pre-test of the child's creativity performance, followed by a six-week program of situational physical learning lessons. The data is compared to show how children's learning abilities have changed and how effective situational learning training has been in increasing creativity.
Penyuluhan Hukum Perkembangan Informasi Dan Teknologi Serta Dampak Penyalahgunaan Jejaring Sosial Pada Generasi Muda Di Negeri Lesluru Maluku Tengah
Authors: Akyuwen Rory Jeff , Pariela Marselo Valentino Geovani , Hetharie Yosia , Wasia Zacilasi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The young generation is a national asset that must be safeguarded, protected, guided and nurtured so that they are not trapped in the negative influence of technological, communication and information developments. Likewise, the younger generation in Lesluru Country, TNS District, Central Maluku Regency, as the successor to Lesluru Country who need education and legal understanding regarding the impact of misuse of social networks due to developments in technology, communication and information.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of writing this article is to provide legal understanding and education to the people of Lesluru State, TNS District, Central Maluku Regency regarding the development of Technology, Communication and Information and the impact of using social networks among the younger generation in Lelsuru Country.Methods: Legal counseling activities in the country of Lesluru are carried out by means of a panel discussion method in which the presenters deliver the material in turns then followed by questions and answers between the speakers and the community.Results / Findings / Novelty of the Research: Social networks that are currently very accessible to the younger generation, including in Lesluru, Central Maluku. This of course not only has a positive impact but often has negative consequences due to the unwise use of social networks. Therefore, as a young generation who will later become the leaders of the nation, even this nation needs to understand well about the wise use of social networks in order to have a positive impact on the younger generation.
Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Keabsahan Perkawinan Pada Masyarakat di Kecamatan TNS Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Latupono Barzah , Laturette Adonia Ivonne , Tjoanda Merry , Djokdja Galang
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The rise of marriages that are carried out without going through the marriage procedure in the Marriage Law has resulted in many problems regarding the validity of marriage in the Central Maluku district, causing various legal problems in the local community.Purposes of Devotion: Providing legal understanding regarding the validity of marriage in communities in the TNS sub-district, Central Maluku district. Method of Devotion: Performed with the lecture method by each of the presenters. The lecturer is given time to deliver the material, after which the participants are invited to ask a problem or question, which is then answered in turn by the speaker according to the problem being asked.Results of the Devotion: It is important for all circles of society to understand the Marriage Law, this is so that the marriage is carried out in accordance with the law so that it can become a legal marriage.
Pendidikan Perlindungan Konsumen Kepada Masyarakat Desa Di Kecamatan Teon Nila Serua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Kuahaty Sarah Selfina , Berlianty Teng , Pesulima Theresia Louize , Balik Agustina , Lesnussa Maichel
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Lack of public understanding of civil rights owned, bringing its legal problems for the community. This is the basis of consideration of the Civil Law Section of the Faculty of Law, Pattimura University to conduct community service activities as a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of universities, one of the legal topics presented is related to consumer protection issues.Purposes of Devotion: Providing an understanding of consumer protection law of the community, especially the community in 3 (three) villages in Teon Nila Serua sub-district, namely Layeni village, Wotay village, and Lesluru village. Method of Devotion: Method of Dedication is using legal counselling to the community in 3 (three) villages in Teon Nila Serua district of central Maluku Regency.Results of the Devotion: In the implementation of these activities, it is known that many consumer problems such as buying goods that have been offered, goods that have defects, or sometimes goods that have been damaged, such as rice or sugar but purchased because they are deceived by low prices, which turns out to be detrimental to society. As consumers, the public does not know that they can raise objections and demand their rights back. Providing legal education, especially consumer protection, can make society an intelligent consumer.
Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Dan Penanganannya Di Desa Rumberu, Kecamatan Inamosol Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat
Authors: Saimima Judy Marria , Tuhumury Carolina , Masuku Akhmad Iqbal Jihad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In the current development of society, acts of domestic violence in the form of physical, psychological, sexual and neglect in domestic life actually occur, so that in order to eliminate domestic violence, an effective handling or law enforcement action is needed.Purposes of Devotion: To provide a legal understanding of criminal acts of domestic violence and its handling in Rumberu Village, Inamosol District, West Seram Regency. Method of Devotion: Conducted by the lecture method by each presenter, after the presentation of the material, the participants are given the opportunity to convey the legal problems experienced, then answered by the presenter in accordance with the substance of the material presented.Results of the Devotion: The public can understand that all forms of violence, especially domestic violence, are violations of human rights and crimes against human dignity as well as forms of discrimination that must be eliminated. Legal understanding of PKDRT helps the community, especially in RT.004/Kilo 9 Rumberu Village, Inamosol District, West Seram Regency to realize their rights.
Hak Milik Atas Tanah Adat Di Wilayah Kepulauan
Authors: Paisina Mispa Christian Science , Laturette Adonia Ivone , Uktolseja Novyta
Published: January 2022

Introductioan: The Western Seram Islands have various customary rights that grow and develop in the lives of indigenous peoples and it becomes a rule that is believed by them, so that it becomes a law that binds them in determining their ownership rights to their customary land.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine how the position of customary land ownership rights in the national land law system, and what is the legal basis and the way in which customary land ownership rights occur according to customary law.Methods of the Research: This study uses the normative legal research method, which aims to find out how the position of ownership rights over customary land in the national land law system in the areas of Taniwel Timur, Negeri Maloang and Negeri Sohuwe, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province, and to understand what the legal basis and How to Have Land Ownership Rights According to Customary Law in the Taniwel Timur District, Maloang State and Sohuwe State, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province.Results of the Research: In principle, ownership of land rights by a member or group of customary law communities, whether individual or communal / group, has a very binding power de jure and de facto. The principle of ownership in the provision of de jure guarantees in the sense that the customary law community recognizes that if ownership rights are obtained by means of the permission of the head of the association (Kepala Adat or Kepala Soa), to open and manage land for customary law communities it can be said to be a legal act that is legal according to law. adat as long as it does not contradict the prevailing customary law norms, and the principle of ownership in a de facto manner, namely that the principle of ownership has been obtained from generation to generation. This is what the local government must pay attention to in terms of recognition of rights by customary law communities in West Seram District, Maluku Province.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, its Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Approaches: A Review
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Gajre Vrushali , Chandarana Chandani , Ghumare Madhavi , Garg Kritika , Soni Arun , Acharya Sanjeev
Published: January 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized by serious events of inflammation
in either specifically colon (ulcerative colitis) or the whole length of the gut (Crohn’s disease). IBD affects people greatly all over the
globe. It is observed that it is more prevalent in the urbanized countries. Both the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are complex to
understand. Yet many researchers have taken great efforts to figure out the etiopathogenesis. Diagnosis of IBD is also difficult thus it
is required to differentiate between UC and CD. Thus, we have shed some light on the diagnostic tools too. Since the cure for IBD is
difficult, treatment is the only option, hence various recent treatments are also explained with the help of this review. This review gives a brief overview of the disease also highlights the various etiopathogenesis involved.
Effect of Methotrexate on Reproductive Function in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: K.O Oyedeji , B. E Nwume , Richard Zachariah
Published: January 2022

This study was designed to investigate the effect of methotrexate on reproductive function in female Wistar rats. Eighteen female
rats (120 – 160 g) were used for the estrous cycle and histopathological studies. Methotrexate (0.071 mg/kg) was administered orally
on daily basis for 21 and 50 days respectively for the estrous cycle and histological studies. Estrous cycle was carried out using the
technique of Marcondes et al., histologies of the ovaries and uteri were also carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive
statistics and student’s t-test at p=0.05. Treatment of rats for 21 days with methotrexate (0.071 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.05)
reductions in the proestrous and estrous phase of the estrous cycle as well as significant (p<0.05) increments in the metestrous and
diestrous phases of the estrous cycle relative to their respective controls. The histopathological study revealed that treatment of rats
with methotrexate (0.071 mg/kg) for 50 days presented with ovarian medullary part that is congested and oedematous as well as
with multiple foci of hemorrhage within the endometria. It can therefore be concluded that that methotrexate probably has dominant
pro-fertility effect, but also probably induced deleterious effects on the ovaries and uteri in female Wistar rats.
Redeeming the Canon: Transdisciplinary Collocations
Authors: Nicolau Felix
Published: January 2022

The canon in the English speaking world has been remolded under the influence of later developments in technology and media. Posthumanism and Communication and Performance Studies push forward the demythization – initiated by the Cultural Studies – of the aesthetic isolationism of the New Criticism. The new developments do not dispute the primacy of the aesthetic/truthful criteria used for informing the canon, but they disclose the fact that we cannot ignore the complexity of contemporary society. My study envisages new approaches in selecting items for the new arch-canon, with reference to specialized canons and also personal canons. How much is utopia and how much is dystopia in building an arch-canon in the English speaking world? Can we create a canon which will serve pure communicative purposes instead of the customary colonialist ones?

The canon is subject to fashion too, but fashions know inner delimitations. Every time a certain fashion is resurrected, it displays new encodings, too, superposed to the old ones. Nothing in history has been resumed between the same coordinates. A trustworthy canon cumulates many fashions and combines them into a multi-discourse super-fashion. But, in the end, the canon cannot contest the perishable ingredient in its composition. Even Harold Bloom acknowledged that when he selected only twenty-six writers to support his point of view. What raises the canon above the run-of-the-mill fashion is that it never wanes entirely; it simply substitutes some of its components, modernising its structure. The canon is an ever-lasting system endowed with the ability to eliminate and draft values in accordance with cultural imperatives. At the same time, the survivalist representation of the canon is limited, as its main mission is to safeguard and propose values. That is why the canon has to be formed with an eye to the updated chart of values; otherwise it would completely miss its momentum and power of influence.
The Concept of Place in the American West
Authors: Chirica Irina
Published: January 2022

This paper surveys the most significant ways in which the American West has been viewed as a place and region. Starting with Thomas Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase of 1803, we follow the expansion of the West as a region throughout American history. Jefferson worked out a plan which involved the creation of territories which later became states, following a certain procedure. Inside the larger West, there are many Wests: the prairie states of the Midwest (also called the “Bread Basket” of America), the Rocky Mountain states, the Pacific Northwest, the Southwest and California. We analyze the myths and images associated with the west in American culture, and the influence of Frederick Jackson Turner’s essay dedicated to “the Frontier”. We discuss the New Historicism approach and the way in which it criticizes Tuner. Then we discuss the reflection of the West in the visual arts (the major landscape painters and in the work of the western movie director John Ford). We bring arguments to support the idea that the West is a construct of human experience and a cultural concept, more than a “place”.
C.S. Lewis’s Trilemma Seen through Muslim Eyes
Authors: Tămaș Christian
Published: January 2022

Beyond his apologetic works about Jesus Christ and the Christian faith, C.S. Lewis polarized the religious and non-religious world with his famous Trilemma expressing his opinion on the nature and identity of Christ. While for the Christians and atheists C.S. Lewis's Trilemma is still a matter of rather harsh debate, for the Muslims it represents a matter of lesser importance. Some of those acquainted with C.S. Lewis's ideas approached it with caution taking into account the Qur’anic statements about the revelations previously “descended” upon man, which generally prevent the Muslims from commenting or interpreting the other monotheistic scriptures. Thus, many Muslim scholars consider C.S. Lewis's Trilemma a Christian affair not of their concern, while others object to its content considered incompatible with the Islamic views concerning the person of Jesus Christ.
"The Language of Joy": C.S. Lewis’s Legacy as a Christian Communicator to Contemporary Culture
Authors: Hilder Monika
Published: January 2022

In this paper, I explore C.S. Lewis’s legacy as apologist and artist of the Christian faith and claim that Lewis, like his mentor George MacDonald before him and his friend Dorothy L. Sayers, successfully engaged contemporary culture by speaking the wildly attractive language of Joy. Both as rational defender of the Christian faith and as an imaginative storyteller, Lewis conveyed this quality of Heavenly Joy that invites and inspires the hearts and minds of readers to rethink, reconsider, and perhaps for the first time in their lives experience Beauty and Love—to truly encounter what proves to be the lasting Hope of the world. In this I point to three characteristics that resulted in Lewis’s success as a Christian apologist: 1) the recovery of earlier ideas; 2) the use of everyday language; and 3) the habit of humility. Then I speak of how in his imaginative fiction this language of Joy sees Beauty and both testify to Love—and it is these literary experiences that move the hearts and minds of readers.
E.M.W. Tillyard: A Catalyst for Lewis’s 'Preface'
Authors: Murphy Christine
Published: January 2022

When C.S. Lewis read E. M. W. Tillyard’s book Milton (1930), he engaged with the text through markings and annotations, particularly in the inside cover of the book. In this book, Lewis wrote an extended paragraph in direct response to Tillyard’s claim that it is necessary to understand the state of mind of a poet in order to analyze his or her work. Lewis’ notes focus on John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) and bear immense similarity to the themes found in his work A Preface to Paradise Lost (1942). When Lewis and Tillyard debated various aspects of poetry in the 1930s, their articles were collected and published together as The Personal Heresy (1939). Due to the notes found in Lewis’ personal copy of Milton, the claims made in the articles, and the striking similarities seen in Preface, Tillyard’s impact on Lewis cannot be ignored and he must be viewed as a direct influence for Lewis’ Preface.
Interdisciplinary Aspects of Teaching English for Specific Purposes via Bilingual Projects
Authors: Martynyuk Veronia , Kravchenko Olena
Published: January 2022

The present paper deals with innovative approaches to teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in the field of interdisciplinarity. The paper starts with the novelty and topicality of the issue in question. It makes an attempt to eliminate a contradiction now apparent in Ukrainian education regarding the theoretical foundations and practical application of the basic ESP principles in vocational schools and universities. The authors explore the concept of interdisciplinarity and its didactic potential when applied to the ESP teaching process. It is stated that the interdisciplinary approach is able to provide new and exciting possibilities when it stimulates the learners’ interest in foreign languages both in and outside of an educational environment. The paper introduces a new methodological option in the ESP educational process – an interdisciplinary bilingual project. As it dares to be an innovative type of group project, some theoretical considerations are necessarily discussed. Its basic categories, implementation objectives, interdisciplinary characteristics are identified. The paper justifies the didactic appropriateness of the project in question and its interdisciplinary practicality.
Establishing the Symbolic Association of the Concept of 'Youth' in the British and American Literary Discourse in the 19th-21st Centuries
Authors: Beshlei Olga
Published: January 2022

The article deals with axiologically marked symbolic associations related to the sociocultural phenomenon of youth. The research is conducted on the basis of social novels by British and American authors of the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The symbolic meaning of the concept is formed in a textual context and motivated by cultural images, ideas and values. It does not cause an internal semantic change but complements the range of meaning in the process of discourse implementation. The study of the symbolic embodiment of the concept of YOUTH in English literary discourse is not limited to the analysis of individual words but requires conducting an interpretative-textual analysis of the coherent discourse situation, indicating the formation of an associative chain during concept actualization. Chain elements are linked internally into a single unit, forming an associative group. The symbol, carrying the axiological potential of its culture, operates in inseparable unity with the axiological component of the concept under study. The data clarify the relationship between positive and negative axiological representations of the concept.
William Morris, a Transcultural Artist and Man of Letters
Authors: Gadoin Isabelle
Published: January 2022

William Morris is extremely famous for his career as a designer and one of the founders of the whole movement of the Arts and Crafts in Late Victorian England. But the other side of his career, as a man of letters, is far less abundantly documented. While his Socialist utopia News from Nowhere (1890) is still read and commented upon today, far less attention has been given to his early poems, as well as his late romances written in a mock- mediaeval style which was to inspire the whole twentieth-century movement of “Fantasy” literature.The article focuses on Morris’s partly neglected love of letters, both in the sense of literature as a whole, and of individual letters. Morris loved the letter as a writer, but also as a visual artist: from an early stage of his career, he practiced calligraphy as leisure, before turning to book-printing as a professional activity in the last years of his life. This love of letters is studied on the basis of a particular case-study: his production of a calligraphic and illustrated version of the mediaeval Persian poems of Omar Khayyam, the Rubbayiat, in their English translation by Edward FitzGerald (1859). Aside from his passion for letters, in both their graphic and poetic dimension, Morris’s work on the Rubbayiat shows how deeply intercultural and intermedial his inspiration was. He recreated for the English readers of the Persian poet a visual world which borrowed from his other creations in the field of textiles, carpets, wall-papers, etc., and brought together East and West in a completely hybrid visual creation. It is those eminently cross-cultural and trans-disciplinary sources of inspiration that the article unravels.
Pete Seeger: A Singer of Folk Songs
Authors: Livingstone David
Published: January 2022

Pete Seeger would have turned one hundred and one on May 3 of this year. To commemorate these ten decades plus one year, I would like to look at eleven of the most remarkable aspects of Pete Seeger’s life, work and legacy. This paper will examine the cultural impact and oral tradition of the music, songs and books of Pete Seeger. This legendary folk musician's career spanned eight decades and touched on many of the key historical developments of the day. He is responsible for some of the iconic songs which have not only helped define American culture, but even beyond. Seeger was also a pioneer in a number of fields, using his music to propagate political convictions, ecological themes, civil rights, world music, education, etc. The folk singer also had his finger on the pulse of a number of developments in American history and culture. He was friends with a number of prominent musicians and artists and influenced an entire range of younger musicians and activists.
Like Death but Without Death: the Language-Death-Metaphor and Another Option
Authors: Fostar Jonathan Blake
Published: January 2022

‘Death’, ‘dying’, ‘dead’, ‘extinct’, ‘endangered’, ‘murdered’, ‘resurrected’ etc. The language-death-metaphor for language loss has permeated the contemporary linguistic literature for decades and decades. While biological metaphors for language have served a function historically in the study of language endangerment, this paper aims to outline how the language-death-metaphor specifically fails in that functioning. Maybe, the metaphor does not actually articulate what we are trying to articulate about a process common to all languages. This paper will dissect ‘language death’ cross-linguistically, investigating the changes in morphology, the loss of domains, creolization, and language shift that are all often purported to be ‘symptomatic’ of a language in its ‘last days’. I will then propose an alternative term, ‘phasing’, that might more clearly describe the process by which a language becomes more or less dynamic, more or less adaptable, more or less use(ful)d over time. The more accurate the terminology, the more specific the tool, the more that might be done to assist from the periphery in language reclamation efforts, to aid in slowing or reversing the process of linguistic loss, and to support the speakers of ‘dying’ languages more productively in their already ongoing effort(s).
The ‘Handmaid’ and the ‘Chambermaid’: A Comparative Analysis of Atwood’s Seminal Novel from a Feminist Perspective
Authors: Vrinceanu Alexandra-Maria
Published: January 2022

This article is an analysis from a feminist perspective of the two Romanian translations of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. By adopting Antoine Berman’s three pronged model of translation criticism, I attempt to identify several differences between the translations. Therefore, it will prove pertinent to see whether the translators adhere to the author’s style, are faithful to the tone, imagery, wordplay and ludic nature of the text, if they prefer to steer clear of more adventurous translation strategies and opt for a source-oriented translation, keeping to the initial structure and employing mostly syntactic strategies. Another important element that surfaces and plays a paramount role is that of the translator’s visibility, more precisely those instances wherein she makes her voice known, be it through an explanatory footnote or, perhaps, a translator’s gloss at the end of the translated text. The translators’ own backgrounds are relevant in the case at hand as well, as their experience and formation influence their preferences for a certain style and translation strategies
New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles: A Cultural Map of the Beat Generation
Authors: Cosma Andreea
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the topographical and socio-cultural developments during the Golden Age in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, three Beat Generation epicenters, which determined the deconstruction of traditional norms. Modifications at both city and society levels were represented by the emergence of countercultures, such as the Beat. The visibility received by urban problems, due to the increase in social demonstrations and activism, fostered the formation of a unified front that demanded equality and encouraged social and political movements, such as the Civil Rights and the Second Wave Feminism. The socio-political challenges which the American society was confronted with from the 1950s to the 1970s in these three cities, also reveal a few problems regarding the status of the Beats as well as of minorities in metropolises.
VARIÁVEIS CLIMÁTICAS SOBRE A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO URUÇUÍ PRETO - PIAUÍ, BRASIL. SUBSÍDIOS PARA GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS E AGROPECUÁRIOS.
Authors: Mainar de Medeiros Raimundo , Morant de Holanda Romildo , Vieira de França Manoel , Marcelo Falle Saboya Luciano , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Rodolfo de Araújo Wagner
Published: January 2022

O conhecimento das características climáticas das bacias hidrográficas, especialmente quanto à distribuição temporal e espacial da pluviosidade, da umidade relativa do ar e das temperaturas máximas, mínimas e médias do ar, os quais devem oferecer importantes subsídios à gestão dos recursos hídricos e a agropecuária. A distribuição irregular da pluviosidade indica instabilidade na entrada de água no sistema hidrológico, exercendo controle sobre a disponibilidade hídrica no tempo e no espaço, a umidade relativa do ar influencia nos comportamentos animal e vegetal e na quantidade da água disponível na atmosfera. Já a temperatura exerce influência sobre as taxas de evapotranspiração, indicando a disponibilidade energética do ambiente e, consequentemente, a demanda hídrica ambiental. O trabalho caracteriza a bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí Preto (BHRUP), quanto à pluviosidade, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura, balanço hídrico climatológico e regimes climáticos. Foram elaborados gráficos de comportamento anual e regimes sazonais para 25 postos pluviométricos distribuídos no interior e no entorno da bacia, a maioria deles em operação desde a década de 1960, seguidos de elaborados de cartas de isoietas médias e a do semestre mais chuvoso, umidade relativa do ar, isotermas das temperaturas máximas, mínimas e médias, e das cartas de evapotranspiração potencial, evaporação real e déficit hídrico. Os tipos climáticos foram apreciados devido à influência do comportamento habitual da atmosfera na demanda ambiental potencial e real de água e também na demanda antrópica. Foi utilizado o sistema climático de Thornthwaite (1948,1953), baseado na comparação entre evapotranspiração potencial e pluviosidade.
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection: Recent applications in food control
Authors: Dinh Le Minh , Hoang Quoc Anh , Pham Thi Ngoc Mai , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

Food quality control has become much more important during the last decade and demanded the development of robust, efficient, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) is a powerful separation method based on the different migration time rate of components in the background electrolyte solution, and it is suitable for all charged ions. There is a large number of compound groups in food that can be determined by the CE-C4D method, such as amino acids, biogenic amines, fatty acids, food additives, sweeteners, and nutrients. This paper provides an overview of recent applications of the CE-C4D in food analysis over the last decade. General conclusions and future prospects of applicability of the CE-C4D method in food analysis are presented.
Socio-Economic Factors Contributing to Female Students’ Dropout in Community Technical Colleges in Thyolo and Phalombe Districts: A Case of Milonga and Naminjiwa Technical Colleges
Authors: Moyo Alfred , Sankhulani Lilian , Namalima Stella
Published: January 2022

Most students in community technical colleges dropout before completion of their training course, particularly female students, which is counterproductive with regard to women empowerment. This paper therefore, reports on a study that was conducted at Milonga and Naminjiwa community technical colleges in Thyolo and Phalombe districts respectively. Thus, the study sought to establish probable socio-economic factors that influence dropout of female students from the two colleges, with a view of finding solutions to the problem. The two colleges were earmarked for the study because of their proximity to tea estates where manpower is the main source of labour for the tea industry. In addition, people in the two districts have similar cultural beliefs and economic status. Population of the study covered both female and male students including principals and instructors of the two technical colleges. In addition, identified parents of female students who dropped out of school were also part of the study. Thus, the study was conducted through qualitative research method so as to have an in-depth understanding of people views. Data was collected with reference to objectives of the study and then thematically analyzed. The study revealed several socio-economic factors that contribute to dropout of female students from the two colleges such as: cost of training and poverty, domestic chores and parents’ characteristics, cultural factors, early marriages and gender difference including training environment. However, the relationship among students and instructors showed that it had no effect on dropout as it was cordial and amicable. Recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders were proposed as follows: Government and Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should have a national policy to provide bursaries and loans to needy students. The government should construct hostels at the two colleges to have conducive training environment. Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should organize awareness campaign programmes to sensitize the community surrounding the two colleges on the importance of TVET. Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should recruit more female instructors to act as role models to other female students.
Clinical, paraclinical characteristics and real –world treatment of acute heart failure at Hanoi Heart Hospital
Authors: Nga Vu Quynh , Hoa Tran Thanh , Son Nguyen Van
Published: January 2022

Background: At Hanoi Heart Hospital, in recent years, along with the development of science and technology, the development of modern treatment measures such as percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve replacement ... helped save the lives of many patients. However, these patients still require continued treatment for heart failure as a complication of the primary illness and thus also increase the number of patients with heart failure, both acute and decompensated. Objective: “Describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure and the status of heart failure treatment according to current heart failure treatment guidelines at Hanoi Heart Hospital”. Method: Cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive analysis with convenient sample size. Results: From January 2018 to december 2018, 475 patients were hospitalized due to acute heart failure or decompensation ,63,8% male and 36, 2% female. Mean age 69,1 ± 13,8;  63,6% newly discovered heart failure; 41,4% EF 40 – 50% and 58,6% EF < 40%; number of Hopital days 8.3 ± 6.2 days(( 1- 46 days); there are five (1.1%) patients died in hospital; among them a patient who was treated for one day due to severe illness died; we have used interventions, assisted circulation and respiration such as CRT, CRT-D, CVVH, IABP, atrial septal defect and ECMO. Conclusion: Results of treatment of acute heart failure at Hanoi Heart Hospital is feasible with rate of discharge is 87,7%.
Correlation of Red Cell Distribution Width with Severity of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Muhammad Javaid Iqbal  , Muhammad Usman  , Iram Asrar  , Nisar Khan Sajid  , Muhammad Kashif Baig  , Muhammad Munaim Tahir
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To determine the correlation of red cell distribution width (RDW) with severity of cardiovascular diseases.
Methodology: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, over a period of one year from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 150 participants were included in the study consisting of 75 patients of cardiovascular disease in case group and 75 participants without any cardiovascular disease in control group. All patients in the study underwent trans radial or transfemoral rout coronary angiography using 5F optitorque catheter for trans radial rout or 6F Judkins catheters for transfemoral rout. All the patient had angiography within 24 hours of admission in the hospital.
Results: The patients who were diagnosed with Coronary artery Disease (CAD) had significantly higher mean age (51.45 Â± 11.29 years) as compared (44.56 Â± 9.45 years) to group B without out CAD. There were 53 (70.67%) males in group A, and 42 (56%) males in group B. The rate of hypertension (61.33%) was significantly higher among patient who diagnosed with CAD. The mean value of RDW CV was found significantly (p-value < 0.05) raised among patients of CAD (14.36 Â± 1.02vs. 13.52 Â± 0.89). The RDW SD was also significantly higher in group A (43.67 Â± 4.39 vs. 41.65 Â± 3.46, p-value = 0.002) in comparison to group B. Age and male gender were found to be a significant (p-value < 0.05) contributor for CVD with an odds ratio of 1.18 and 3 respectively.
Conclusion: RDW is an effective easily available marker for the assessment of severity of coronary artery disease and helps in risk stratification of CAD patients for further events.
Advanced Minimally Invasive Techniques for Treatment of Complex Chronic Pain in Pakistan
Authors: Liaquat Ali
Published: January 2022

Chronic pain is not only agonizing for the patient but also has both physiological and psychological adverse effects. In addition, chronic pain also results in burdening a person financially and limiting his/her ability to complete his/her work hours. The complex nature and types of chronic pain cannot be managed by any single treatment. There is always addition of new modalities and ideas for management. Epiduroscopy and adhenolysis , RFA though are used for few years in developed countries with success but are relatively new in Pakistan
A Study on Recurrence Rate of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan.
Authors: Javed Hamna , Baqai Haider Zaigham , Saadia Khan Baloch
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

          To determine the prevalence of the recurrence rate of Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in successfully treated patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Methodology:

          This cross-sectional study was conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. The study duration was from 01-January-2019 to 01-August-2020. During the study period, a total number of ten thousand nine hundred ninety-seven (10997) patients presented in the chest clinic of the hospital and were included in this study, these patients were re-treatment TB patients and presented with the first-time diagnosis of TB. The recurrence rate was the primary end-point of this study.

Results:

There were 10997 patients included in this study, out of these 642 (5.83%) patients presented with recurrence. Out of a total of 642 recurrence cases, 533 (83%) patients were SS positive, and the remaining 109 (17%) were SS negative. Out of 642, 341 (53.1%) patients were male and 301 (46.9%) patients were female. Regarding age, most of the patients were in the age group 16-30 (49%), 93 (23%) were in the age group 31-45 years. Regarding the timing of recurrence, 372 (58%) patients presented with in one year, 109 (17%) presented in 12-24 months, 52 (8%) presented in 24-36 months.

Conclusion:

          Based on our study, the recurrence rate of pulmonary TB was 5.83% in the Pakistani population. The recurrence rate is high in patients having age 15-45 years and recurrence occurs in 58% of patients within first year after successful treatment of Pulmonary TB.
Effect of Addition of Probiotics to Standard Treatment on Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Afzal Tehreem , Butt Naveed , Munir Shahzad , Zia Nazish
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the mean change in the bilirubin levels with addition of probiotics to standard treatment for the management of neonatal jaundice.
Methodology: The randomized controlled trial was undertaken at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Paediatrics Department, Federal Government Polyclinic (Post Graduate Medical Institute), Islamabad from 1st April to 30th September 2019. Â Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy were randomly divided into two groups, each having 30 patients. Group A received probiotics along with phototherapy while group B received phototherapy alone. Primary outcome was serum total bilirubin, which was calculated on 0, 1 and 3 days of treatment. Duration of phototherapy and patient's outcome was also recorded. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS v. 23.
Results: The mean serum bilirubin level after 24 hours was 14.27 Â± 4.35 mg/dl in combination group while 16.43 Â± 4.36 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p > 0.05). After 48 hours, the mean serum bilirubin level was 12.37 Â± 3.33 mg/dl in combination group while 14.09 Â± 3.60 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p > 0.05). After 72 hours, the mean serum bilirubin level was 11.09 Â± 2.87 mg/dl in combination group while 11.72 Â± 2.96 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p > 0.05). The mean time required of blue light phototherapy was 43.47 Â± 20.71 hours in combination group while 61.53 Â±28.27 hours in phototherapy group (p < 0.05). All neonates were discharged.
Conclusion: Addition of probiotics to standard treatment decreased the time required for the phototherapy in neonatal jaundice. However no statistically significant difference was seen in the bilirubin levels between the two groups.
Frequency of Myocardial Infarction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Malik Muhammad Arif  , Muhammad Arif Mahmood  , Mehboob Qadir  , Muzammil Irshad  , Humayun Riaz Khan  , Sheikh Abdul Khaliq
Published: January 2022

Objective:  This study aimed at determining the frequency of MI in diabetic Pakistani patients with PAD in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out at Diabetes Research Centre, Nishtar Hospital Multan for six months from July 10, 2018 to January 09, 2019. The study was approved from the institutional ethics committee. As per study inclusion/exclusion criteria, the patients suffering from DM with PAD were enrolled, after signing the study informed consent. Each patient underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) recording under PI supervision. Patients having pathological Q waves (0.04 seconds wide and 2 mm deep) in two relevant leads were labeled as having myocardial infarction.

Results: A total of 290 patients (men: 56.2% and women: 43.8%) were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 51.29 Â± 8.54 years with age range of 40-85 years. There were 71 (24%) smokers and 219 (76%) non-smoker patients. Fifty percent of the total patients were obese. Mean duration of diabetes was 7.39 Â± 0.36 years whereas mean duration of peripheral arterial disease was 1.604 Â± 0.005 years. The frequency of MI among diabetic patients with PAD was 14.8%.

Conclusion: Prevalence of 14.8% MI in the present study alarms to diagnose and treat diabetes and PAD patients at earlier stage.
Role of Zinc Supplementation in Reducing Relapses in Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hashmi Fatima , Ghazi Shahzadi Sumbal , Mumtaz Hassan , Amjad Maryum , Zaman Nahdia , Shahzaib Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of zinc and B-Complex supplementation to prevent the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome in the cases priory responsive to corticosteroid therapy.
Methodology It is a randomized controlled trial conducted at OPD Pediatric medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University, PIMS Children Hospital Islamabad from October 3, 2016 to April 2, 2017. 192 patients (96 in each group) were included in the study after obtaining informed consent from parents or guardians taken before determining the population. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups (Group 1: Zinc and Group 2: B-Complex) to receive oral zinc sulphate (10 mg / day) or B-Complex using a random number table. The patients were followed up after 4 months. All data were collected by the researchers themselves in a structured form.
Results: The age of 192 participants of the trial averaged 6.38Â±3.42 years of age ranging from 1-12 years. There were 88 (45.8%) men and 104 (54.2%) women cases. In group 1, there were 22 (22.9%) and in group 2, there were 47 (49%) cases that had been pardoned. The recurrence of nephrotic syndrome was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (p = <0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Zinc supplementation is more preferrable to B-Complex supplementation as the rate of continuous remission was higher in the zinc group, so in the future may be added to the treatment regimen to treat steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.