bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Marketing
Authors: Cohen Ivan K.
Published: June 2015

Tottenham Hotspur (“Spurs”) Football Club were once the most entrepreneurial of English football teams, including being the first to obtain a stock market flotation and to attempt to diversify into other areas beyond their core. However, like many football clubs, they were slow to embrace the Internet including more recently the use of social media for marketing. This chapter investigates the history of Spurs' embrace of the Internet and social media and asks why a club traditionally renowned for its flair and enterprise on the pitch has been so slow to embrace modernity in the digital world.
The Law and Economics of Integrity as Social Capital
Authors: Swan George Steven
Published: June 2015

Individual responsibility is a critical feature of any successful market economy. Moreover, moral commitment is a crucial element of managerial authority in a capitalistic environment. For ethics, trust and integrity constitute social capital whereby an economy can thrive. For example, deserved earned trust lowers an interest rate. An atmosphere of integrity can minimize parties' confidence-malinvestment. In addition, integrity as social capital engenders a virtuous-circle feedback-mechanism respecting the character of a citizenry overall. This examination of the law and economics backdrop to these realities is informed by an array of insights from several Nobel laureates in economics and of a Father of Management Science, Peter F. Drucker.
A Conceptual Framework for Ethical Decision Making in Organizations
Authors: Galván Lilia Carolina Rodríguez , Dosta Carlos Morán
Published: June 2015

This chapter addresses the lack of a framework that allows the generation of mechanisms and processes that benefit ethical decision making in organizations in order to promote civic virtue in its members. The authors explore how constructing spaces promote an honest and open dialogue among citizens, associations, business, and various levels of government. These spaces encourage the development of mechanisms and processes for social and personal benefit among its participants. The conceptual framework discussed is created by De la Cruz and Sasia (2013), named the Ethical Triangle Model. This model proposes at least three dimensions in an organization: legitimacy, motivation, and capacity. The proposed conceptual framework is dynamic and it is applicable to any organization. Future research must be made for testing the framework proposed here.
Application of Fuzzy Labeled Transition System to Contract Net Protocol
Authors: Kouah Sofia , Saïdouni Djamel Eddine
Published: June 2015

For developing large dynamic systems in a rigorous manner, fuzzy labeled transition refinement tree (FLTRT for short) has been defined. This model provides a formal specification framework for designing such systems. In fact, it supports abstraction and enables fuzziness which allows a rigorous formal refinement process. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the applicability of FLTRT for designing multi agent systems (MAS for short), among others collective and internal agent's behaviors. Therefore, Contract Net Protocol (CNP for short) is chosen as case study.
Data Security for Software as a Service
Authors: Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Joshi Sandeep
Published: June 2015

Cloud computing is a BUZZ word of modern computing scenario. Cloud computing services are flexible and cost effective with resource utilization. Cloud computing have three service models SaaS (Software as a Service) PaaS (Plateform as a Service) and Iaas (Infrastructure as a Service). SaaS provide on demand application services such as email, ERP and CRM etc. Multi user can access applications and they can interact to each other at same time. All users data can be reside at same place. This flexibility of SaaS service also gives the security breaches. Loop holes of SaaS harder to find and maintain. The authors discuss here security vulnerabilities of SaaS with possible solutions. This study would be helpful to elaborate to understand data security issues and privacy solutions over SaaS.
Acute Toxicological Effects of Suspended Solids on the Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Zheng Lin , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Chun Ying
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the acute toxicity test were used to study the effects of different concentrations of suspended solids on the growth of Skeletonema costatum . The research result showed that the effects of different concentration of suspended solids on the growth of Skeletonema costatum were very significantly (P <0.01);The relationship between concentration of suspended solids and the inhibition rate of Skeletonema costatum growth was linear, the half inhibition concentration of Skeletonema costatum 48h-EC50 was 1.58g/L,r =0.9769,96 h-EC50 was 2.82g/L, r=0.9927.
Evaluation of Sludge Reduction Mechanisms in ‘Sonolysis-Cryptic Growth’ Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Zhang Pan Yue , Wan Tian , Zhang Guang Ming
Published: June 2015

‘Sonication - cryptic growth’ technology can reduce 30-80% excess sludge in wastewater treatment systems. Various mechanisms contribute to the sludge reduction but the role of each one is unclear. This paper quantitatively studied the potential mechanisms in ‘sonication - cryptic growth’. The operation condition was: every day 20% sludge was sonicated under 1.2 Wml-1 for 15 min and then returned to the wastewater treatment reactor for cryptic growth. The results showed that under such conditions, ‘sonication - cryptic growth’ reduced the excess sludge by 57.3% and the effluent met the national discharge standard. Multiple mechanisms were involved in the process. Detailed analysis showed that the ‘lysis-cryptic growth’ mechanism was the most important one and accounted for 49.1% of sludge reduction. Biodegradation of residual sludge was the second important one and contributed 19.5%. Other potential mechanisms included the altered microbial community, longer sludge retention time, and accumulation of persistent materials. But organic load increase had virtually no impact.
The Detection and Remediation Technologies of PCB-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Chen Chuan Min , Liu Xuan , Chen Tao , Liu Song Tao
Published: June 2015

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the organic pollutants that of persistence, fat soluble and character such as biological toxicity, widely distributed. It also showed a highly persistent in the environment, strong enrichment and high biological toxicity, having the serious harm to human health and ecological environment. The final destination of PCBs in the environmental system is soil and sediment due to its highly distribution coefficient between sediment and water. PCBs in soil is difficult to decompose and has strong adsorption. Therefore, the detection and remediation of PCBs in soil is very critical. PCBSin soil detection technologies becoming matured at present. Such as dual column gas chromatography analysis method, GC – MS, enzyme immunoassay for PCBs detecting have been widely used. Low cost, high resolution and high accuracy detection technology has been more and more attention. For the remediation technologies of contaminated soils, chemical remediation, bioremediation technologies developed fast. Efficient, economic and environmental multiple remediation method, such as elution pretreatment on contaminated soil, combination of multiple remediation techniques are the development direction of the future. Based on the analysis on detection and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil. The principle and suitable condition of different detection methods and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil was studied in this paper. To provide technical support to remediation the PCB-contaminated soils.
Production Characteristics of Vinyl Acetate Distillation Residues in China
Authors: Feng Wen Long , Li Xiu Jin , Lu Xiao Wei , Li Ai Jun , Yuan Hai Rong , Liu Yan Ping , Zhu Bao Ning , Zou De Xun
Published: June 2015

Vinyl acetate, as an important kind of organic chemical raw materials, often adopts the distillation system to separate finished product from raw product. In addition to target products, some residues are produced in the process of distillation, which have a strong damage to the environment, therefore these residues are identified as hazardous wastes to manage and dispose in China. This paper, combined with literature analysis and site investigation, mainly studied production characteristics and particular pollutants of vinyl acetate distillation residue (solid and liquid). To conduct the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of distillation residue, and this paper applied the Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detemine main particular pollutants, containing Acetic Acid (relative peak area value of 63.47%), 1,1-Ethanediol Diacetate, Crotonic Acid, etc. Meanwhile, this paper can draw another conclusion that treatment and disposal of resource utilization distillation can make more significantly and efficiently use of vinyl acetate distillation residues through the technological contrast of GC-MS.
Effect of Oil Content on Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste under Mesophilic Conditions
Authors: Ren Lian Hai , Huang Yan Bing , Wang Pan
Published: June 2015

The variations of daily biogas yields, cumulative biogas yields, biogas composition analysis, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were studied in the process of mesophilic and dry anaerobic digestion of food waste under different oil contents (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) at 35 °C. The gas production raised and then went down with the oil content, followed by 243.14, 245.64, 256.09, 269.25, 276.54, 284.22mL /g TS respectively. The research provided a reference for the pretreatment of food waste in follow-up continuous fermentation. Results showed that the period of the process of mesophilic dry anaerobic digestion under oil content of 0% was the shortest, with the total biogas production of 1275.5mL. During the process of the digestion, methane content of the biogas raised and then went down, up to a maximum of 77.62%. The removal rate of TS and VS in food waste with the oil content of 6% was the highest, obtained as 11.2% and 13.2%, respectively.
An Environment-Friendly Method to Catalytically Oxidate NO in Waste Water by Supported Manganese Oxide on Graphite Oxide
Authors: Su Rui Jing , Zhu Min Cong , Sun Xiu Zhi , Guan Jie
Published: June 2015

In order to generate powerful radicals as oxidizing species for the complete oxidation of NO, homogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (Oxone: PMS) by the Mn3O4/GO catalysts was explored. The catalytic oxidation of NO from waste gas was investigated using advanced oxidation process based on sulfate radicals that produced. The manganese oxide immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) can activate PMS for the oxidation of NO in water. We not only took advantage of the high oxidation–reduction potential of produced sulfite radicals but also an opportunity to oxidize NO on less complex compounds with low dosages. The Mn3O4/GO catalysis system was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that Mn3O4was well-distributed on GO. The Mn3O4/GO catalyst system exhibited high efficiency for NO oxidation when the Mn3O4/GO catalyst has an optimum Mn3O4loading. In addition, the best catalytic oxidation can be achieved within 30 min with pH 4 and 6 mM PMS at 25 °C. Therefore, the results indicate promising potential for a system utilizing Mn3O4/PMS to oxidize NO for offgas treatment.
Pollution Control for Industrial Construction and Demolition Waste in Chemical and Metallurgical Factories
Authors: Huang Sheng , Gao Xiao Feng , Xie Tian , Sun Yan Qiu , Zhao You Cai
Published: June 2015

Distribution of hazardous substances and their release potential were investigated in industrial construction and demolition waste (ICDW) of several chemical and metallurgical factories. Results showed that inorganic matters like heavy metals, organic matters like pyrethroids exist as a result of industrial pollution, which might pose a potentially serious threat to the nearby surroundings while abandoned. In this study, wash-off coupled with ultrasonic process, immobilization and natural degradation experiments were performed on the simulated ICDW on basis of different pollutants. Up to 65% of Cl was reduced through ultrasonic wave pretreatment. Addition of CaO and construction & demolition waste(C&D) powder inhibited the mobilization of heavy metals with rainfall tremendously, among which Cr and Cu, in particular, was cut by 80-100% in aqueous. Compared with being stacked and abandoned inside the workshop, heat and direct sunlight largely accelerated the degradation of pyrethroids. This study provides a new insight into strategies to the ICDW management, and the achievement of source pollution control as well.
Technology Development on Heavy Metal-Contained Sludge Reduction and Resource Recovery on Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Mixed Sludge
Authors: Shi Lei
Published: June 2015

Based on characteristics of stainless steel cold-rolled products pickling wastewater, a new process route with advantages of sludge originally reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, Heavy metal-contained sludge and calcium-salt sludge separately recovery is developed. As 2 waste-water treatment stations operation results have shown, during the passed 6 years, annual sludge reduction ratios (per tons product) reach 43.64% and 50.29% respectively, realizing 105.6 thousands tons of sludge reduction effect and 68.04 millions CNY economic benefits. After two-stage process treatment, effluent water can reach emission standards steadily, Fe,Cr and Ni total contents in the front-part heavy-metal sludge increase from 10% to 30~40% compared with that of one-stage wastewater traditional treatment process, with dramatically decrease of F and S impurities content, therefore it can be used as ferric-contained sludge; while among the post-part calcium-salt sludge, F and S recovery ratios reach 20~40%, with Fe,Cr and Ni total content falls below 3%, therefore it can be used as fluorgypsum or fluorite. Since this technology fit the trend of hazardous waste original reduction and resource categorized recycle, it has a broad application prospect in stainless steel enterprise.
Mechanism Research on Pelleting Process and Block Self-Healing of Mixture Recycled Plastics in Die-Plate
Authors: Zou Yong Gang , Wang Bo , Liu Xiao Feng , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2015

For many recycled plastics, materials with different rheological properties and melting points are usually mixed together, and can not be separated. For this situation, the block of die-plate holes can be regarded as an important factor that must be taken into consideration in pelleting process. This paper discusses pelleting process in die-plate and reasons of die hole’s blocking. Finite element simulation is calculated to analyze the relationship between operation factors of pelleting process and blocking situation of die holes. Furthermore, block self-healing is realized by changing the velocity of polymer-melt in die-hole.
Critical Evaluation of Isothermal Separating Anosovite (Mg0.3Ti2.7O5) Phase from Synthesized Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag by Super Gravity
Authors: Li Jun Cheng , Guo Zhan Cheng , Liang Yao , Liu Hui Juan
Published: June 2015

Anosovite (Mg0.3Ti2.7O5) phase was successfully separated from synthesized titanium bearing blast furnace slag by super gravity. Supposing that the titanium exists in the slag in terms of TiO2, the mass fraction of TiO2 is 23.49% in the parallel sample without centrifugal separation. With the parameter of t=5min, T=1553K and the gravity coefficient ranged from 600 to 1000, the mass fraction of TiO2 in the concentrate increase from 40.17% to 58.35%, while the recovery ratio of Ti in the concentrate slightly decrease from 83.49% to 81.81%.
Production of Renewable Petrochemicals from Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Beech Wood and Low-Density Polyethylene with Mesoporous Bifunctional ZSM-5 Zeolites
Authors: Zhou Guo Qiang , Yao Wei Kun , Wang Yu Jue , Feng Yu , Yu Yan Qing , Wang Wei
Published: June 2015

This study investigated catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of beech wood, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and their mixture (mass ratio of 1) with a conventional microporous ZSM-5 and mesoporous bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5meso zeolite prepared by desilication of the conventional ZSM-5 with NaOH solution and then impregnation with Zn.The generation of mesopores by desilication improved the diffusion property of the zeolite, which decreased the formation of undesired polyaromatic hydrocarbons from secondary polymerization reactions of monoaromatics in CFP. In addition, the impregnation of Zn increased the dehydrogenation activity of the zeolites, and thus enhanced the conversion of low-value alkanes to valuable olefins. As a result, Zn/ZSM-5meso produced higher yields (56.0 C%) of valuable petrochemicals (monoaromatic hydrocarbons and olefins) and lower yields of undesired polyaromatics (1.70 C%) and alkanes (10.2 C%) in co-feed CFP of the beech wood and LDPE mixture than ZSM-5 (48.2 C%, 4.18 C%, and 18.7 C% for petrochemicals, polyaromatics, and alkanes, respectively).ZSM-5 desilication and impregnation with Zn thus have a beneficial effect on improve the product distribution in CFP of biomass and plastic mixtures. In addition, the results suggest that CFP may provide a promising technology for producing renewable petrochemicals from municipal and agricultural solid wastes, which usually contain high contents of biomass and waste plastics.
Characterization of Aromatics at Working Surface of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Authors: Zhao Kai Yun , Yue Dong Bei , Yang Ting
Published: June 2015

With the rapid urbanization and economic growth in China especially near 2 decades, the vast amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) were produced annually. Landfills are the predominant disposal sites for MSW in China, receiving more than 75% of the collected MSW every year. While the volume concentration is usually less than 1%, NMOCs are generally considered as the main source of the odorous problem at MSW landfills, because they include many compounds with very low odor thresholds. What’s more, aromatics is vital part of NMOCs for its toxic effect, which contains Benzene. The main objective of this study was to understand the comprehensive behavior of aromatics of landfill gas. In this work we present an integrated evaluation of working surface concentration distribution and emission rate of a municipal solid waste landfill. And in order to understand the transportation of aromatic, a new parameter was introduced to analyze this process. Thus, result shows, the fugitive emission of aromatics in the operating surface may need pay more attention. The highest average concentration for aromatics was found in autumn. Aromatic’s emission rate in winter was larger than autumn, the highest emission rate of aromatics toluene, 0.011g/m2/h. The B:T ratio in winter was significant higher that of other seasons.
Study on the Membrane Fouling of the Process of Using Two Layer Flat-Sheet Membrane for Sludge Thickening and Water Reuse
Authors: Zhu Xue Feng , Zhou Ming Yuan , Wang Zhi Wei , Yuan Wen Yi , Guan Jie
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the critical flux was applied to represent the tendency of membrane fouling. The response surface model was used to study different factors, such as sludge concentration, space between membranes and aeration rate, affecting membrane fouling of the upper and lower layer membrane module. It was found that the model is fitting and significant, moreover, the sludge concentration, space between membranes and aeration rate has a significant impact on the upper and lower membrane fouling. Meanwhile, it was also observed that the critical flux of both upper and lower layer membrane module sharply decreased with the increase of sludge concentration. However, the different variation tendency of membrane fouling between upper and lower layer membrane module was detected due to the change of space between membranes and aeration rate, when it was under different sludge concentrations. Finally, optimum operating parameters under different sludge concentration simulated by response surface model were successfully applied to the process of using flat-sheet membrane for four-stage sludge thickening.
Study on Nitrogen Transformation during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures
Authors: Xiong Si Jiang , Pang Ren Zhong , Zhuo Jian Kun , Yao Qiang
Published: June 2015

The nitrogen conversion with attention to the intermediates and NOx precursors has been investigated during the primary pyrolysis of sewage sludge by using Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results indicated that 75.4% of total nitrogen exists in the forms of protein in the sewage sludge. Amine compounds and nitrogen heterocyclics were found to be the main nitrogenated intermediates during the pyrolysis process in the temperature range of 250-400 °C. As the dominant nitrogenated compounds, the relative proportions of amine compounds were above 52% in all cases. And since the decomposition of sewage sludge was promoted by high temperature, the relative proportion of amine compounds increased by 24.6% when the temperature raised from 300 to 400 °C. Moreover, the generation of NH3 at 250 oC was mainly derived from the decomposition of ammonium salt, while the deamination of amine compounds led to a significant increase of NH3 at 300 °C.
Ultrasound Coupled with Fenton Oxidation Pre-Treatment of Sludge to Release Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Authors: Gong Chang Xiu , Jiang Jian Guo
Published: June 2015

We focused on the effects of ultrasound and Fenton reagent in ultrasonic coupling Fenton oxidation (U+F) pre-treatment processes on the disintegration of wastewater treatment plant sludge. The results demonstrated that U+F treatment could significantly increase SCOD, TOC, total N, proteins, total P and PO43- concentrations in sludge supernatant. This method was more effective than ultrasonic (U) or Fenton oxidation (F) treatment alone. U+F treatment increased the SCOD by 2.1-and 1.4-fold compared with U and F alone, respectively. U+F treatment increased the total N and P by 1.7-and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with F alone. This demonstrated that U+F treatment induces disintegration of sludge and release of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus better.
Methane Emissions in Wastewater Treatment Process and Emissions Calculation in Henan Province
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Chen Wei Sheng , Ding Peng Ju
Published: June 2015

The process of wastewater treatment is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from urban human activities and methane is a source of greenhouse gases can not be ignored. According to the method recommended by IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006,a calculation model was established to assess methane emissions of wastewater treatment in Henan.Then methane emissions from wastewater treatment in Henan province in the year of 2010 were estimated. The results showed that net methane emissions from the sewage treatment process was 21,764.1 tons, and methane from the industrial wastewater generated process was 98,609.33 tons. The results will provide a scientific basis for policy maker to mitigate the methane emission from the sewage treatment process of Henan province.
Treatment of Cr(VI) WasteWater with Modified Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Hui Yang , Lin Jun Fa
Published: June 2015

In this work, modified fly ash by Na2CO3 was prepared and used to remove the Cr (VI) in simulate wastewater, which was rarely reported in domestic and foreign. In the meantime, every single-factor experiment, which maybe influenced the removal ratio of Cr (VI), was done. The major-minor order of test factors and the optimum combination processing conditions influencing the treatment effects of Cr (VI) were determined according to the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the major-minor order was initial concentration of Cr (VI), dosage of modified fly ash, adsorption duration, temperature and pH values. And the optimum combination of above discussed factors was 15 mg/L, 5 g, 90 min, 30 oC and 2.5, respectively. Under this optimum condition, the removal rate of Cr (VI) can reach more than 74.86%, approximately 1.35 times compared to that of original fly ash.
Research on Evaluation Index System of Non-Metallic Materials Recycling Technologies from Copper Clad Laminate
Authors: Li Xiao Peng , Song Yun , Wang Wei
Published: June 2015

The Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) residue recycling technologies are important to improve the recycling of waste circuit boards and reducing the environmental impact during its life cycle. However, there has not yet been able to have the technical evaluation criteria for CCL residue. This study demonstrates the feasibility of one recycling technology from the technical, economic, social, environmental and political, and then determinates CCL residue recycling technologies evaluation index system by Delphi Method, AHP, expert panel and Questionnaire and etc., which provides a tool for CCL residue recycling technologies assessment.
Development and Utilization of Circular Economy and Urban Mining - Chengdu City Based Renewable Resource Industry Survey
Authors: Zhou Xue Lian
Published: June 2015

Along with the process of economic growth and urbanization, China has entered a peak period of electronic appliances and automotive industry products obsolescence. On one hand, municipal waste disposal is increasing and causing environmental pollution and damage; on the other hand, native mineral resources’ exhaustion has increased year by year along with exploitation difficulty and mineral resources import growth. Meanwhile, urban industrial scrap, aka "urban mines", does contain abundant of renewable resources, such as copper, iron, and aluminum. Therefore, based on the theory of circular economy, the exploitation of these "urban mines" is the key strategic industry of China’s "12th five-year plan". This paper is based on the survey of Chengdu city regeneration resources industry situation. We analyzed the current status of regeneration resources recycling industry in Chengdu city, finding problems such as the number of existing garbage collection stations inadequate for renewable resources, and processing technology out of date. Generally speaking, the renewable resources industry in Chengdu is under developed.
A Study on Low Carbon Competitiveness Evaluation in the Ocean Economic Zone
Authors: Ci Fu Yi , Hu Ya Ping
Published: June 2015

The research on the connotation and the evaluation index system of low carbon competitiveness in the ocean economic zone is not comprehensive, it ignores some factors, such as, spatial structure, fairness, regional cooperation, urbanization, system innovation. This paper first puts forward the connotation and the benefit-potential evaluation index system of the ocean economic zone, and then uses the index system to evaluate low carbon competitiveness of Shandong peninsular blue economic zone by using the empirical method.Low carbon competitiveness in the ocean economic zone means a competitive advantage that can optimize economic benefit, social benefit, and the ecological benefit of the zone, and the competitive advantage is formed by the synergistic effect, cooperation, rational distribution of the component elements of the zone and by the interaction in low carbon development of the ocean economic zone and external region. In the process, the principle is 6R of low carbon development, and the basis is regional interest coordination mechanisms.The results show that: there is great difference in urban low carbon competitiveness of Shandong peninsular blue economic zone because the highest value (0.77526) and the lowest value (-0.57536) is in Qingdao and Weifang respectively, and the difference is 1.35062; Qingdao is the first order low carbon development pole of the zone, Yantai (0.25704) and Dongying (-0.04371) are secondary low carbon development pole; the zone has point-axis spatial structure characteristics; there is a positive correlation between low carbon competitiveness of the ocean economic zone and regional economic developing stage; the differences in spatial structure characteristics of the six system layer indexes indicate that every index is independent and their spatial structure is diversiform; there is great difference between different city in system layer index, so the coordination of the urban system layer indexes should be paid attention to and the spatial structure of low carbon competitiveness in Shandong peninsular blue economic zone should be optimized.
Study on Multi-Department Joint Supervision Mechanism for Redevelopment of Industrial Contaminated Sites
Authors: Zhang Jun Li , Wang Fang , Yu Qin Fei , Li Ke , Ding Wen Juan , Wang Yu
Published: June 2015

There is strong demand for redevelopment of the sites of industrial enterprises having been shut down or relocated (hereinafter referred to as industrial contaminated sites) due to its good geographical location. Direct development of contaminated sites without any remedy and restoration will bring prominent risks of environmental security, health and society. The government must pay high attention to this issue. This paper analyzes environmental risks and relevant supervision departments in different links of the process from relocation to redevelopment of industrial sites. Based on these, this paper presents the whole-process mechanism for prevention and control of environmental risks of the relocation, flow (land use change) and post-flow stages involving several government departments such as industry & information department, national land department, housing and construction department and environmental protection department. This study could provide an important reference to the establishment of effective joint supervision mechanism for redevelopment of contaminated industrial sites in China.
Application of WebGIS Technology in Hazardous Waste Management System
Authors: Qian Ying , Liang Hong , Wang Wen Tao
Published: June 2015

With the growth of industry, hazardous waste discharged from industrial production process increases with time goes by. Due to the lack of technics and experiences in managing and dealing with hazardous waste, the method for dealing with hazardous waste in our country remains in a low level. This paper aims at the demanding requirements of information management of hazardous waste disposal center in Kunming City, designed and developed a comprehensive information platform based on the basic hazardous waste data in and around Kunming City, integrated with WebGIS and spatial database technology to realize the digitalized and visualized management to the hazardous waste. This paper firstly elaborates structural design of the whole system. Then it introduces the functional and spatial database design. In the end, this paper demonstrated some of the results of this system.
The Analysis of Obstacles and the Promoting Strategy of Achieving Detailed Classification of Municipal Living Waste
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zheng Tong , Wang Peng
Published: June 2015

The article introduces the detailed standard and existing obstacles in classifying municipal living waste in China, and analyzes the industry chain of recycling municipal living waste. Then the article proposes the measures for promoting detailed classification, which is significant to efficient disposal and utilization for municipal living waste, as well as circular economy.
WEEE Resource Utilization Evaluation Model Exploring in China
Authors: Du Huan Zheng , Shan Ming Wei , Tian Hui , Li Bin
Published: June 2015

There is an increasing concern about the threat of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE) generating in China. The Chinese government had made a series of regulations and policies to address this problem. However, these practices are more focusing on the environmental protection rather than the resource utilization. Since WEEE is also a valuable kind of renewable resource, this essay will try to understand the current situation of WEEE recycling and resource utilization technologies and equipments. In the year of 2014, China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute conducted a questioner research targeting the 91 subsidy funded companies, which received 50 responses. By the comparison of previous studies of this issue and the analysis of the data collected, resource utilization situation of the industry can be addressed. This essay will also explore an evaluation model to assess the resource utilization standard of WEEE recycling. Based on the analysis, nine outcome criteria and evaluation strategies are formed to judge the resource utilization standards of WEEE recycling companies. This evaluation model will target all the life cycle of WEEE, and include criteria such as recycling technology and equipment, management standard, and resource utilization level.
Solution and Analysis for Ecological Remediation of the Damaged Mountains in Jinan, China
Authors: Gong Ru Ying
Published: June 2015

Rapid industrial development and urbanization processes that occurred in China over the past 30 years has increased dramatically the consumption of natural resources and raw materials, thus exacerbating the human pressure on environmental ecosystems. An amount of damaged mountains and contaminated sites aroused rapidly so that ecological remediation for damaged mountains has become an urgent environmental issue in China. In this study, three points of damaged mountains in Jinan were chose to measure the combined approaches of ecological remediation. Phytoremediation for ecological restoration was employed under the assistance of lots of structural engineering measures. The obtained results indicated that a feasible solution always exists to solve the ecological remediation for the damaged mountains. Meanwhile, the approaches of remediation should fully consider their applicability to fit for the local situations. The remediation practice in Jinan can provide a successful case for other damaged mountains or contaminated sites.
Current Status of Comprehensive Use and Management Recommendations of Coal Tar in China
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Jun Li , Chen Ying , Luo Qing Ming , Hao Yong Li
Published: June 2015

Based on dry distillation temperature and properties, coal tar can be divided into high temperature coal tar and medium & low temperature coal tar. This paper introduces current status of generation and comprehensive use of high temperature coal tar and medium & low temperature coal tar in China, analyzes poor practice and management problems in the process of comprehensive use of coal tar, and puts forward countermeasures and recommendations for comprehensive use of coal tar in China.
Primary amyloidosis presenting intrahepatic cholestasis and fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Ates Ozturk , Kosemehmetoglu Kemal , Guner Gunes , Bayraktar Yusuf
Published: June 2015

A 69-year-old man noticed abdominal pain located on right upper quadrant. Physical examination showed hepatosplenomegaly and icteric discoloration of sclera. On evaluation, patient was diagnosed to have hepatic amyloidosis related monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome with intrahepatic cholestasis. In this case report we emphasize fulminant hepatic failure due to primer amyloidosis in diagnosed with MGUS patient.
How would peak rainfall intensity affect runoff predictions using conceptual water balance models?
Authors: Yu B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Most hydrological models use continuous daily precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for streamflow estimation. With the projected increase in mean surface temperature, hydrological processes are set to intensify irrespective of the underlying changes to the mean precipitation. The effect of an increase in rainfall intensity on the long-term water balance is, however, not adequately accounted for in the commonly used hydrological models. This study follows from a previous comparative analysis of a non-stationary daily series of stream flow of a forested watershed (River Rimbaud) in the French Alps (area = 1.478 km2) (1966–2006). Non-stationarity in the recorded stream flow occurred as a result of a severe wild fire in 1990. Two daily models (AWBM and SimHyd) were initially calibrated for each of three distinct phases in relation to the well documented land disturbance. At the daily and monthly time scales, both models performed satisfactorily with the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) varying from 0.77 to 0.92. When aggregated to the annual time scale, both models underestimated the flow by about 22% with a reduced NSE at about 0.71. Exploratory data analysis was undertaken to relate daily peak hourly rainfall intensity to the discrepancy between the observed and modelled daily runoff amount. Preliminary results show that the effect of peak hourly rainfall intensity on runoff prediction is insignificant, and model performance is unlikely to improve when peak daily precipitation is included. Trend analysis indicated that the large decrease of precipitation when daily precipitation amount exceeded 10–20 mm may have contributed greatly to the decrease in stream flow of this forested watershed.
Evaluation of monotonic trends for streamflow in austral Amazon, Brazil: a case study for the Xingu and Tapajós rivers
Authors: Moura L. Z.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This paper has the goal of evaluating monotonic trends in the Xingu and Tapajós river basins in the Austral Amazon region, Brazil. Non-parametric statistical tests such as Mann–Kendall, Bootstrap Mann–Kendall, Sen and Bootstrap Sen are applied on streamflow gauging stations data, to determine the significance and magnitude of possible trends. Data in these river basins is relatively scarce, with time series ranging from twenty to forty years, having many gaps. Former studies indicate a decreasing trend for both annual average and minimum streamflow values in the Tapajós river basin, with 99% confidence level, and a decrease in maximum values in the Xingu river basin, with 90% confidence level. However, past analyses have only used one station near the basin outlet. This study uses data from 7 gauging stations in the Xingu basin and 14 stations in the Tapajós basin. Results indicate opposite trends at the 95% confidence level for different regions in the basins, and for different flow regimes. For the Xingu river basin, trends in the minimum flow for different sub-basins even out at the Altamira station, near its outlet. For the Tapajós river, the southeastern part of the basin has increasing trends, while the southwestern part decreases. At the Itaituba station, they also balance out.
Monitoring and modeling slope dynamics in an Alpine watershed – a combined approach of soil science, remote sensing and geomorphology
Authors: Neugirg F. , Kaiser A. , Schindewolf M. , Becht M. , Schmidt J. , Haas F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Steep and unvegetated slopes in mountainous areas play an important role in erosion research as they deliver large quantities of sediments to the lowlands. However, their complex hydrological process combinations are challenging for any modelling and forecasting intention. Due to its high morphodynamic activity the Lainbach valley in southern Bavaria, Germany, has repeatedly been subject to studies on erosional processes. We present a further developed approach of physically based erosion modelling on strongly inclined and heavily dissected slopes. Model parameters were spatially and temporally distributed and a statistical model was tested to compare both findings to a previous study in the same catchment on a different slope. High resolution surface models from laser scans served as validation for the modelling results and for monitoring soil loss. Especially an adjustment of hydraulic roughness values improved the results, whereas rill hydraulics demand further investigation for future model development. The study at hand focusses on the summer period and reveals adequate modelling results (98.4% agreement in volume loss) with regard to the slope's non-stationary behaviour but leaves room for improvement for the winter period.
Revisiting historical climatic signals to better explore the future: prospects of water cycle changes in Central Sahel
Authors: Leauthaud C. , Demarty J. , Cappelaere B. , Grippa M. , Kergoat L. , Velluet C. , Guichard F. , Mougin E. , Chelbi S. , Sultan B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Rainfall and climatic conditions are the main drivers of natural and cultivated vegetation productivity in the semiarid region of Central Sahel. In a context of decreasing cultivable area per capita, understanding and predicting changes in the water cycle are crucial. Yet, it remains challenging to project future climatic conditions in West Africa since there is no consensus on the sign of future precipitation changes in simulations coming from climate models. The Sahel region has experienced severe climatic changes in the past 60 years that can provide a first basis to understand the response of the water cycle to non-stationary conditions in this part of the world. The objective of this study was to better understand the response of the water cycle to highly variable climatic regimes in Central Sahel using historical climate records and the coupling of a land surface energy and water model with a vegetation model that, when combined, simulated the Sahelian water, energy and vegetation cycles. To do so, we relied on a reconstructed long-term climate series in Niamey, Republic of Niger, in which three precipitation regimes can be distinguished with a relative deficit exceeding 25% for the driest period compared to the wettest period. Two temperature scenarios (+2 and +4 °C) consistent with future warming scenarios were superimposed to this climatic signal to generate six virtual future 20-year climate time series. Simulations by the two coupled models forced by these virtual scenarios showed a strong response of the water budget and its components to temperature and precipitation changes, including decreases in transpiration, runoff and drainage for all scenarios but those with highest precipitation. Such climatic changes also strongly impacted soil temperature and moisture. This study illustrates the potential of using the strong climatic variations recorded in the past decades to better understand potential future climate variations.
Water dynamics under changing land cover
Authors: Vaze J. , Zhang Y. Q. , Zhang L.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Most of the forested headwater catchments are an important source of water supply in many parts of the world. A prime example is southeast Australia where forests supply major river systems and towns and cities with water. It is critical for an informed and adaptive water resource management to understand changes in streamflow caused by vegetation changes in these headwater forest catchments. Natural disturbances such as bushfires and anthropogenic activities like forestation, deforestation, or logging alter vegetation, evapotranspiration and soil water status, and may affect water supplies. Although catchment water yield is mainly controlled by climatic conditions, but it is also strongly influenced by land cover changes because of natural disturbances and anthropogenic activities. It is necessary to accurately estimate streamflow in water supply catchments subjected to dramatic land surface changes. This paper summarises the methods commonly used to investigate the impacts of land cover change on water resources, and provides some examples of impacts of afforestation/deforestation and bushfire on water resources in two southeast Australian catchments.
Accounting for hydro-climatic and water use variability in the assessment of past and future water balance at the basin scale
Authors: Fabre J. , Ruelland D. , Dezetter A. , Grouillet B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study assesses water stress by 2050 in river basins facing increasing human and climatic pressures, by comparing the impacts of various combinations of possible future socio-economic and climate trends. A modelling framework integrating human and hydro-climatic dynamics and accounting for interactions between resource and demand at a 10-day time step was developed and applied in two basins of different sizes and with contrasted water uses: the Herault (2500 km2, France) and the Ebro (85 000 km2, Spain) basins. Natural streamflow was evaluated using a conceptual hydrological model (GR4j). A demand-driven reservoir management model was designed to account for streamflow regulations from the main dams. Urban water demand was estimated from time series of population and monthly unit water consumption data. Agricultural water demand was computed from time series of irrigated area, crop and soil data, and climate forcing. Indicators comparing water supply to demand at strategic resource and demand nodes were computed. This framework was successfully calibrated and validated under non-stationary human and hydro-climatic conditions over the last 40 years before being applied under four combinations of climatic and water use scenarios to differentiate the impacts of climate- and human-induced changes on streamflow and water balance. Climate simulations from the CMIP5 exercise were used to generate 18 climate scenarios at the 2050 horizon. A baseline water use scenario for 2050 was designed based on demographic and local socio-economic trends. Results showed that projected water uses are not sustainable under climate change scenarios.
Meta-design as a Pedagogical Framework for Encouraging Student Agency and Democratizing the Classroom
Authors: Hethrington Christopher
Published: June 2015

As diverse social and economic pressures are applied to post-secondary education, innovative approaches to pedagogical methodology are required. Given that the new norm in both industry and academia is that of constant change, a flexible and responsive approach is required along with a framework that empowers students with the skills to become independent thinkers and lifelong learners. Meta-design is a conceptual framework that can provide that flexibility and empower students with greater agency in their education.
Alors que l’enseignement post-secondaire est soumis à de nombreuses pressions sociales et économiques, la méthodologie pédagogique doit adopter des approches novatrices. Du fait que la nouvelle norme, à la fois dans l’industrie et dans les universités, est de changer continuellement, il est nécessaire d’adopter une approche souple et réactive doublée d’un cadre qui renforce la position des étudiants en leur donnant les compétences nécessaires pour devenir des êtres pensants indépendants et continuer à apprendre leur vie durant. Le Meta-design est un cadre conceptuel qui peut offrir cette souplesse et renforcer la position des étudiants en leur donnant davantage de structure dans leur éducation.