bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Risk‐Taking and the Effectiveness of Adolescents’ Contraceptive Use
Authors: Caudillo Mónica L. , Hickman Shelby N. , Simpson Sally S.
Published: December 2020

CONTEXT

Little is known about whether adolescents’ risk‐taking in areas other than sex is associated with the effectiveness of their contraceptive method use, or whether any such associations vary by race and ethnicity.

METHODS

Data from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were used to examine nonsexual risk behaviors and contraceptive method choice among 5,971 sexually active females aged 13–18. Risk‐taking profiles for White, Black and Hispanic adolescents were identified using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between these risk profiles and use of less‐ or more‐effective contraceptive methods at last sexual intercourse.

RESULTS

Three distinct risk‐taking profiles were identified for White and Hispanic adolescents and two for Black adolescents. Compared with their counterparts in the low‐risk “abstainer” group, White adolescents in the “high substance use and violence” group were less likely to use condoms alone (relative risk, 0.4) or a prescription contraceptive paired with condoms (0.3) rather than no contraceptive at all, and more likely to use withdrawal or no method rather than condoms alone (2.4 each). However, higher risk‐taking among Whites was positively associated with using prescription contraceptives rather than condoms (1.9). Among Black and Hispanic females, lower risk‐taking was associated only with more condom use.

CONCLUSIONS

Future studies should examine whether interventions designed to reduce adolescent risk‐taking improve the effectiveness of contraceptive use, particularly among White females. However, efforts to increase Black and Hispanic adolescents’ use of more‐effective contraceptives should target barriers other than risk‐proneness.

Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2020, 52(4):TK, doi:10.1363/psrh.12165
Study on soliton self-frequency shift in a Tm-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a Kelly-sideband-suppressed conventional soliton
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Jianfeng , Luo Hongyu , Wu Qi , Wu Xiaodong , Ouellette Francois , Liu Yong
Published: December 2020

We experimentally present mid-infrared Raman soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) process in a Tm-doped fiber amplifier using sideband-suppressed conventional solitons as seed pulses. The strong Kelly sidebands of the soliton oscillator were efficiently suppressed (more than 21 dB) using a home-made all-fiber Lyot filter (AFLF). As a result, the Raman solitons with a continuously tunable wavelength of 1.95-2.34 µm were achieved, with a high soliton energy conversion of >93% over the range of 1.95-2.24 µm. The conversion efficiency and tunable range of Raman solitons were both significantly improved, comparing to the same amplifier seeded with sideband-unsuppressed pulses.
Transverse phase matching of high-order harmonic generation in single-layer graphene
Authors: Boyero-García Roberto , Zurrón-Cifuentes Oscar , Plaja Luis , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: December 2020

The efficiency of high-harmonic generation (HHG) from a macroscopic sample is strongly linked to the proper phase matching of the contributions from the microscopic emitters. We develop a combined micro+macroscopic theoretical model that allows us to distinguish the relevance of high-order harmonic phase matching in single-layer graphene. For a Gaussian driving beam, our simulations show that the relevant HHG emission is spatially constrained to a phase-matched ring around the beam axis. This remarkable finding is a direct consequence of the non-perturbative behavior of HHG in graphene—whose harmonic efficiency scaling is similar to that already observed in gases— and bridges the gap between the microscopic and macroscopic HHG in single-layer graphene.
Recognition of children’s emotional facial expressions among mothers reporting a history of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Turgeon Jessica , Bérubé Annie , Blais Caroline , Lemieux Annie , Fournier Amélie
Published: December 2020

Several studies have shown that child maltreatment is associated with both positive and negative effects on the recognition of facial emotions. Research has provided little evidence of a relation between maltreatment during childhood and young adults’ ability to recognize facial displays of emotion in children, an essential skill for a sensitive parental response. In this study, we examined the consequences of different forms of maltreatment experienced in childhood on emotion recognition during parenthood. Participants included sixty-three mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years. Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment were assessed using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Emotion recognition was measured using a morphed facial emotion identification task of all six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). A Path Analysis via Structural Equation Model revealed that a history of physical abuse is related to a decreased ability to recognize both fear and sadness in children, whereas emotional abuse and sexual abuse are related to a decreased ability to recognize anger in children. In addition, emotional neglect is associated with an increased ability to recognize anger, whereas physical neglect is associated with less accuracy in recognizing happiness in children’s facial emotional expressions. These findings have important clinical implications and expand current understanding of the consequences of childhood maltreatment on parents’ ability to detect children’s needs.
Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Tupetz Anna , Friedman Kaitlyn , Zhao Duan , Liao Huipeng , Isenburg Megan Von , Keating Elizabeth M. , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Staton Catherine A.
Published: December 2020

Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability among children. Numerous injury prevention strategies have been successful in high-income countries, but the majority of unintentional injuries happen to children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This project aims to delineate the childhood injury prevention initiatives in LMICs. For inclusion, peer-reviewed articles needed to address unintentional injury, include children <18, assess a prevention-related intervention, contain a control group, and be published after 1988. Two pairs of reviewers evaluated articles independently to determine study eligibility. 74 articles were included. 30 studies addressed road traffic injuries, 11 drowning, 8 burns, 3 falls, 8 poisonings, and 21 an unspecified injury type. The findings show positive effects on injury outcome measures following educational interventions, the need for longer follow-up periods after the intervention, the need for effectiveness trials for behavior change, and the need for an increase in injury prevention services in LMICs. This is the first systematic review to summarize the prevention initiatives for all types of childhood unintentional injuries in LMICs. Increased attention and funding are required to go beyond educational initiatives with self-reported measures and little follow-up time to robust interventions that will reduce the global burden of unintentional injuries among children.
Seed germination ecology of Conyza stricta Willd. and implications for management
Authors: Ali Safdar , Khan Fakhar Din , Ullah Rehmat , Shah Rahmat Ullah , Alamri Saud , AlHarthi Maeesh , Siddiqui Manzer H.
Published: December 2020

Numerous cropping systems of the world are experiencing the emergence of new weed species in response to conservation agriculture. Conyza stricta Willd. is being a newly emerging weed of barley-based cropping systems in response to conservational tillage practices. Seed germination ecology of four populations (irrigated, rainfed, abandoned and ruderal habitats) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The presence/absence of seed dormancy was inferred first, which indicated seeds were non-dormant. Seed germination was then recorded under various photoperiods, constant and alternating day/night temperatures, and pH, salinity and osmotic potential levels. Seedling emergence was observed from various seed burial depths. Seeds of all populations proved photoblastic and required 12-hour light/dark period for germination. Seeds of all populations germinated under 5–30°C constant temperature; however, peak germination was recorded under 17.22–18.11°C. Nonetheless, the highest germination was noted under 20/15°C alternating day/night temperature. Ruderal and irrigated populations better tolerated salinity and germinated under 0–500 mM salinity. Similarly, rainfed population proved more tolerant to osmotic potential than other populations. Seeds of all populations required neutral pH for the highest germination, whereas decline was noted in germination under basic and alkaline pH. Seedling emergence was retarded for seeds buried >2 cm depth and no emergence was recorded from >4 cm depth. These results add valuable information towards our understanding of seed germination ecology of C. stricta. Seed germination ability of different populations under diverse environmental conditions suspects that the species can present severe challenges in future if not managed. Deep seed burial along with effective management of the emerging seedlings seems a pragmatic option to manage the species in cultivated fields. However, immediate management strategies are needed for rest of the habitats.
The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Parkes Rebecca S. V. , Pfau Thilo , Weller Renate , Witte Thomas H.
Published: December 2020

During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs. Horses galloped 2–4 circuits anticlockwise around an oval track and were filmed at 120 frames per second using an array of ten cameras. Speed and curve radius were derived from GPS data and used to estimate the centripetal acceleration necessary to navigate the curve. Stride, stance and swing durations and duty factor (DF) were derived from accelerometer data. Limb markers were tracked and whole limb and third metacarpus (MCIII) angles were calculated. Data were analysed using mixed effects models with a significance level of p < 0.05. For horses galloping on the correct lead, DF was higher for the inside (lead) leg on the straight and on the curve. For horses galloping on the incorrect lead, there was no difference in DF between inside and outside legs on the straight or on the curve. DF decreased by 0.61% of DF with each 1 m s-2increase in centripetal acceleration (p < 0.001). Whole limb inclination angle increased by 1.5° per 1 m s-1increase in speed (p = 0.002). Limb lean angles increase as predicted, and lead limb function mirrors the functional requirements for curve running. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lean and torque on the distal limb is required to understand injury mechanisms.
Acquisition, prevalence and clearance of type-specific human papillomavirus infections in young sexually active Indian women: A community-based multicentric cohort study
Authors: Muwonge Richard , Basu Partha , Gheit Tarik , Anantharaman Devasena , Verma Yogesh , Bhatla Neerja , Joshi Smita , Esmy Pulikottil O. , Poli Usha Rani Reddy , Shah Anand , Zomawia Eric , Shastri Surendra S. , Pimple Sharmila , Prabhu Priya R. , Hingmire Sanjay , Chiwate Aruna , Sauvaget Catherine , Lucas Eric , Malvi Sylla G. , Siddiqi Maqsood , Sankaran Subha , Kannan Thiraviam Pillai Rameshwari Ammal , Varghese Rintu , Divate Uma , Vashist Shachi , Mishra Gauravi , Jadhav Radhika , Tommasino Massimo , Pillai M. Radhakrishna , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Jayant Kasturi ,   for the Indian HPV vaccine study group
Published: December 2020

In context of the ongoing multi-centric HPV vaccine study in India, unvaccinated married women (N = 1484) aged 18–23 years were recruited in 2012–2015 as age-matched controls to the vaccinated women and followed up yearly. We assess type-specific prevalence, natural history and potential determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in these unvaccinated women. Cervical samples were collected yearly for at least four consecutive years. A Multiplex Type-Specific E7-Based polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect 21 HPV types.

HPV prevalence was 36.4% during 6 years. Most common HPV types were 16 (6.5%) and 31 (6.1%). Highest persistence were observed for HPV 35 (62.5%) and 52 (25%). New HPV acquisition rate was 5.6/1000 person-months of observation (PMO), highest for HPV 16 (1.1/1000 PMO). Type-specific clearance rates ranged between 2.9–5.5/100 PMO. HPV 16 and/or 18 infections were 41% (95% CI 4–63%) lower among women with 2-<3 years between marriage and first cervical sample collection compared to those with <2 years. HPV prevalence and acquisition rates in young Indian women were lower than their Western counterparts. HPV 16 infections being most common shows the importance and potential impact of HPV vaccination in India. Women with 2–3 years exposure had reduced risk possibly due to higher infections clearance.
Closed-loop control of k-space sampling via physiologic feedback for cine MRI
Authors: Contijoch Francisco , Han Yuchi , Kamesh Iyer Srikant , Kellman Peter , Gualtieri Gene , Elliott Mark A. , Berisha Sebastian , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Pilla James J. , Witschey Walter R. T.
Published: December 2020

Background

Segmented cine cardiac MRI combines data from multiple heartbeats to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution cardiac images, yet predefined k-space segmentation trajectories can lead to suboptimal k-space sampling. In this work, we developed and evaluated an autonomous and closed-loop control system for radial k-space sampling (ARKS) to increase sampling uniformity.

Methods

The closed-loop system autonomously selects radial k-space sampling trajectory during live segmented cine MRI and attempts to optimize angular sampling uniformity by selecting views in regions of k-space that were not previously well-sampled. Sampling uniformity and the ability to detect cardiac phase in vivo was assessed using ECG data acquired from 10 normal subjects in an MRI scanner. The approach was then implemented with a fast gradient echo sequence on a whole-body clinical MRI scanner and imaging was performed in 4 healthy volunteers. The closed-loop k-space trajectory was compared to random, uniformly distributed and golden angle view trajectories via measurement of k-space uniformity and the point spread function. Lastly, an arrhythmic dataset was used to evaluate a potential application of the approach.

Results

The autonomous trajectory increased k-space sampling uniformity by 15±7%, main lobe point spread function (PSF) signal intensity by 6±4%, and reduced ringing relative to golden angle sampling. When implemented, the autonomous pulse sequence prescribed radial view angles faster than the scan TR (0.98 ± 0.01 ms, maximum = 1.38 ms) and increased k-space sampling mean uniformity by 10±11%, decreased uniformity variability by 44±12%, and increased PSF signal ratio by 6±6% relative to golden angle sampling.

Conclusion

The closed-loop approach enables near-uniform radial sampling in a segmented acquisition approach which was higher than predetermined golden-angle radial sampling. This can be utilized to increase the sampling or decrease the temporal footprint of an acquisition and the closed-loop framework has the potential to be applied to patients with complex heart rhythms.
Topical exposure to triclosan inhibits Th1 immune responses and reduces T cells responding to influenza infection in mice
Authors: Shane Hillary L. , Othumpangat Sreekumar , Marshall Nikki B. , Blachere Francoise , Lukomska Ewa , Weatherly Lisa M. , Baur Rachel , Noti John D. , Anderson Stacey E.
Published: December 2020

Healthcare workers concurrently may be at a higher risk of developing respiratory infections and allergic disease, such as asthma, than the general public. Increased incidence of allergic diseases is thought to be caused, in part, due to occupational exposure to chemicals that induce or augment Th2 immune responses. However, whether exposure to these chemical antimicrobials can influence immune responses to respiratory pathogens is unknown. Here, we use a BALB/c murine model to test if the Th2-promoting antimicrobial chemical triclosan influences immune responses to influenza A virus. Mice were dermally exposed to 2% triclosan for 7 days prior to infection with a sub-lethal dose of mouse adapted PR8 A(H1N1) virus (50 pfu); triclosan exposure continued until 10 days post infection (dpi). Infected mice exposed to triclosan did not show an increase in morbidity or mortality, and viral titers were unchanged. Assessment of T cell responses at 10 dpi showed a decrease in the number of total and activated (CD44hi) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the site of infection (BAL and lung) in triclosan exposed mice compared to controls. Influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were assessed using MHCI and MHCII tetramers, with reduced populations, although not reaching statistical significance at these sites following triclosan exposure. Reductions in the Th1 transcription factor T-bet were seen in both activated and tetramer+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lungs of triclosan exposed infected mice, indicating reduced Th1 polarization and providing a potential mechanism for numerical reduction in T cells. Overall, these results indicate that the immune environment induced by triclosan exposure has the potential to influence the developing immune response to a respiratory viral infection and may have implications for healthcare workers who may be at an increased risk for developing infectious diseases.
Computational analysis of the effects of geometric irregularities and post-processing steps on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel stents
Authors: Wiesent Lisa , Schultheiß Ulrich , Lulla Philipp , Noster Ulf , Schratzenstaller Thomas , Schmid Christof , Nonn Aida , Spear Ashley
Published: December 2020

Advances in additive manufacturing enable the production of tailored lattice structures and thus, in principle, coronary stents. This study investigates the effects of process-related irregularities, heat and surface treatment on the morphology, mechanical response, and expansion behavior of 316L stainless steel stents produced by laser powder bed fusion and provides a methodological approach for their numerical evaluation. A combined experimental and computational framework is used, based on both actual and computationally reconstructed laser powder bed fused stents. Process-related morphological deviations between the as-designed and actual laser powder bed fused stents were observed, resulting in a diameter increase by a factor of 2-2.6 for the stents without surface treatment and 1.3-2 for the electropolished stent compared to the as-designed stent. Thus, due to the increased geometrically induced stiffness, the laser powder bed fused stents in the as-built (7.11 ± 0.63 N) or the heat treated condition (5.87 ± 0.49 N) showed increased radial forces when compressed between two plates. After electropolishing, the heat treated stents exhibited radial forces (2.38 ± 0.23 N) comparable to conventional metallic stents. The laser powder bed fused stents were further affected by the size effect, resulting in a reduced yield strength by 41% in the as-built and by 59% in the heat treated condition compared to the bulk material obtained from tensile tests. The presented numerical approach was successful in predicting the macroscopic mechanical response of the stents under compression. During deformation, increased stiffness and local stress concentration were observed within the laser powder bed fused stents. Subsequent numerical expansion analysis of the derived stent models within a previously verified numerical model of stent expansion showed that electropolished and heat treated laser powder bed fused stents can exhibit comparable expansion behavior to conventional stents. The findings from this work motivate future experimental/numerical studies to quantify threshold values of critical geometric irregularities, which could be used to establish design guidelines for laser powder bed fused stents/lattice structures.
Modified gemcitabine, S-1, and leucovorin combination for patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A multi-center retrospective study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chia-Yu , Liang Shih-Hsin , Su Yung-Yeh , Chiang Nai-Jung , Wang Hui-Ching , Chiu Chang-Fang , Chen Li-Tzong , Bai Li-Yuan
Published: December 2020

Background

In pancreatic cancer, toxicities associated with current chemotherapeutic regimens remain concerning. A modified combination of gemcitabine, S-1, and leucovorin (GSL) was used as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods

GSL was administered every 2 weeks—intravenous gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 at a fixed-dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min on day 1 and oral S-1 (80–120 mg/day) plus leucovorin 30 mg twice daily on days 1–7. We retrospectively analyzed the feasibility of GSL and patient outcomes in three medical centers in Taiwan.

Results

Overall, 49 patients received GSL with a median follow-up of 24.9 months from May 2015 to March 2019. The median patient age was 68 years (range, 47–83 years), with a marginally higher number of females (57.1%). Among the 44 patients who underwent image evaluation, 13 demonstrated a partial response (29.5%) and 17 presented with stable disease (38.6%). The partial response rate and stable disease rate was 26.5% and 34.7%, respectively, in the intent-to-treat analysis. The median time-to-treatment failure was 5.79 months (95% C.I., 2.63–8.94), progression-free survival was 6.94 months (95% C.I., 5.55–8.33), and overall survival time was 11.53 months (95% C.I., 9.94–13.13). For GSL treatment, the most common grade 3 or worse toxicities were anemia (18.3%), neutropenia (6.1%), nausea (4.1%), and mucositis (4.1%). Treatment discontinuation was mostly due to disease progression (65.3%).

Conclusions

The modified GSL therapy can be a promising and affordable treatment for patients with advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer in Taiwan. A prospective trial of modified GSL for elderly patients is currently ongoing in Taiwan.
On genetic diversity in caraway: Genotyping of a large germplasm collection
Authors: von Maydell Daniel , Lehnert Heike , Berner Thomas , Klocke Evelyn , Junghanns Wolfram , Keilwagen Jens , Marthe Frank
Published: December 2020

Caraway (Carum carvi) is a widespread and frequently used spice and medicinal plant with a long history of cultivation. However, due to ongoing climatic changes, the cultivation is becoming increasingly risky. To secure caraway cultivation in future, timely breeding efforts to develop adapted material are necessary. Analysis of genetic diversity can accompany this process, for instance, by revealing untapped gene pools. Here, we analyzed 137 accessions using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Hence, we can report a broad overview of population structure and genetic diversity of caraway. Population structure was determined using a principal coordinate analysis, a Bayesian clustering analysis, phylogenetic trees and a neighbor network based on 13,155 SNPs. Genotypic data indicate a clear separation of accessions into two subpopulations, which correlates with the flowering type (annualvs. biennial). Four winter-annual accessions were closer related to biennial accessions. In an analysis of molecular variance, genetic variation between the two subpopulations was 7.84%. In addition, we estimated the genome size for 35 accessions by flow cytometry. An average genome size of 4.282 pg/2C (± 0.0096 S.E.) was estimated. Therefore, we suggest a significantly smaller genome size than stated in literature.
A systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying schistosomiasis infection burden in pre-school aged children (PreSAC) in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2020
Authors: Kalinda Chester , Mindu Tafadzwa , Chimbari Moses John
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Following the adoption of the World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 65.21 and Neglected Tropical Diseases road map 2021–2030, schistosomiasis control programmes have shifted from morbidity control to disease elimination. However, several gaps continue to be observed in the implementation of control programmes with certain age groups omitted from these campaigns increasing health inequalities and risks of reinfections to previously treated groups. We used the Inverse Variance Heterogeneity (IVhet) model to estimate the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection among preschool-aged children.

Methods

We did a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa for the period January 1, 2000 to November 30, 2020. Quantitative data for cases of schistosomiasis infection were extracted, including country and region where the studies were done, year of publication and specific schistosome species observed. The IVhet model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE), the heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

We screened 2601 articles to obtain 47 eligible studies containing quantitative data on preschool-aged children. Of the selected studies, 44.7% (n = 22) were from East Africa while the least number of studies obtained (2.1%, n = 1) was from Central Africa. 21712 subjects were screened for infection due toSchistosomaspp; 13924 forS.mansoniand 7788 forS.haematobium. The PPE for schistosomiasis among PreSAC was 19% (95% CI: 11–28). Infection due toS.mansoni(IVhet PPE: 22% (95% CI: 9–36) was higher than that due toS.haematobium(15%; 95% CI: 6–25). A Luis Furuya–Kanamori index of 1.83 indicated a lack of publication bias. High level of heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 90%) and this could not be reduced through subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

Schistosomiasis infection among pre-school aged children 6 years old and below is high. This indicates the importance of including this age group in treatment programmes to reduce infection prevalence and long-term morbidities associated with prolonged schistosome infection.
Aprendizagem Computacional em Engenharia
Authors: Silva Catarina , Ribeiro Bernardete
Published: December 2020

Aprendizagem Computacional em Engenharia permite que engenheiros possam usar técnicas de aprendizagem computacional para desenvolver soluções que promovam ou melhorem a produtividade nos vários domínios. Este livro aborda diversos temas, que vão desde as abordagens conexionistas, técnicas de aprendizagem por aglomeração de dados, lógica difusa e métodos de computação evolucionária, entre outros, tendo sempre em mente a utilização das técnicas duma forma rápida e eficiente, sem descurar, no entanto, o rigor que o assunto merece.

É assim apresentado um conjunto dos algoritmos mais utilizados e um conjunto representativo dos problemas reais a que podem dar solução. De forma a que o livro seja razoavelmente autocontido, cada capítulo inclui uma pequena introdução ao algoritmo abordado, seguida de formas simples de o pôr em prática. Neste sentido, é apresentado o modo de utilização de software que disponibiliza os algoritmos, a sua configuração e a sua utilização em casos e dados reais.
Wound healing in immunocompromised dogs: A comparison between the healing effects of moist exposed burn ointment and honey
Authors: Alshehabat Musa , Hananeh Wael , Ismail Zuhair Bani , Rmilah Safwan Abu , Abeeleh Mahmoud Abu
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Natural topical products have been used to enhance wound healing, especially in immunocompromised animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate and to compare the effects of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and honey on the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in immunocompromised dogs.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using 12 adults, apparently healthy mongrel dogs. Immunosuppression was induced in six dogs by oral administration of prednisone (2 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg), once a day for 21 days. On each dog, a total of 9, 1.5 cm in diameter full-thickness skin circular wounds were created aseptically in the thoracolumbar area under general anesthesia using customized skin punch biopsy kit. In a random fashion, three wounds in each dog were treatment using MEBO (contains b-sitosterol, baicalin, and berberine as active ingredients in a base of beeswax and sesame oil), honey or no treatment (control), once per day for 21 days. Wounds were grossly evaluated once a day for signs of inflammation or infection. In addition, biopsy specimens and digital imaging data of each wound were obtained on days 7, 14, and 21 for histopathological evaluation of the healing process.

Results: Wounds in immunocompromised dogs appeared to heal significantly in a slower fashion than in non-immunocompromised counterparts. Digital analysis data showed that MEBO-treated wounds expressed better epithelialization area, faster contraction, and smaller wound area percentage when compared with honey-treated wounds. Histopathological analysis showed significantly higher angiogenesis scores in MEBO-treated wounds when compared with other treatments.

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that MEBO resulted in significant enhancement of wound healing in both healthy and immunocompromised dogs. However, when compared to honey, the wound healing effect of MEBO was superior to that of honey.
Transtorno Desafiador Opositor: Terapia Farmacológica / Opponent Defiant Disorder: Pharmacological Therapy
Authors: Amorim Isabela Dias , Porto Rodolfo De Melo
Published: December 2020

O transtorno desafiador opositor é mais comum em crianças, causando grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos seus portadores. Objetiva-se, portanto, elucidar as principais terapias farmacológicas que existem para o manejo clínico do paciente com transtorno desafiador opositor. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura feito nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), que possui o intuito de de investigar e analisar pesquisas anteriores  que possuam relação com o tema proposto, fornecendo uma compreensão sobre o assunto discutido e produzindo decisões que possam influenciar num aperfeiçoamento na aplicação do manejo que foi analisado. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que frequentemente o tratamento dessa comorbidade precisa do uso de medicações, com ênfase na risperidona, para que se oferte maior comodidade aos seus portadores. Ademais, novos estudos se fazem necessários devido à complexidade da doença.
Educação e Tecnologia em Tempos de Pandemia de Covid-19 (Sars-Cov-2): Uma Revisão da Literatura na Scientific Electronic Library Online / Education and Technology in Pandemic Times of Covid-19 (Sars-Cov-2): A Literature Review in Scientific Electronic Online Library
Authors: Silva Gabriela Oliveira da Silva , Gomes Filho Antoniel Dos Santos
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura na base de dados SciELO sobre educação e tecnologia em tempos de pandemia por COVID-19. Especificamente, busca-se apresentar um panorama das publicações analisadas e tecer breves reflexões a partir da sociologia da educação sobre os novos processos e modelos de educação surgidos no decorrer da pandemia. Metodologicamente, o estudo possui abordagem qualitativa, de nível exploratório, de tipo revisão da literatura. O estudo vai de encontro com as diversas publicações sobre a educação em tempos de pandemia realizadas no ano de 2020; ano marcado pela pandemia por COVID-19, que transformou o cenário educacional mundial e brasileiro. Assim, a observação das publicações a partir de revisões da literatura justifica-se frente ao amplo debate gerado no âmbito acadêmico (seminários, congressos, dossiês e artigos publicados em periódicos) e social, sobre o tema Educação e Tecnologia em tempos de pandemia.
Influência no Lucro de Diferentes Sistemas de Custeio no Plantio Consorciado de Rabanete e Couve / Influence on the Profit of Different Costing Systems in the Consortium Plantation of Radish and Kale
Authors: Friske Hadassa Landherr , Silva Jaine Da , Anntonioli Bianca Ines Hübner , Realto Glaucinei Brissow
Published: December 2020

Foi avaliado, no estudo, a obtenção do lucro no consórcio das hortaliças rabanete e couve através do custeio direto e variável. O experimento ocorreu em Alta Floresta – MT, sob ótica quantitativa, com método dedutivo, revisões bibliográficas, coleta e análise de dados e pesquisa de campo, com amostragem de dois produtos. Sendo culturas temporárias seu ciclo de produção foi curto, especificamente, 25 dias para o rabanete e 60 dias a couve. A pesquisa salienta que a escolha das hortaliças deve ser minuciosa, observando fatores que possam levar a desvios padrões. O resultado afirmou a viabilidade do consorciamento, através da medição dos custos da produção, identificou-se o custo unitário e o faturamento satisfatório. Pode-se observar que o método de custeio utilizado influencia diretamente no resultado final e nas tomadas de decisões. Contudo o estudo não pode ser generalizado, pois o âmbito de analise foi pequeno e de curta duração.
A Importância do Diagnóstico Precoce para o Tratamento Efetivo do Bruxismo: Revisão de Literatura / The Importance of Early Diagnosis for Effective Treatment in Brussels: Literature Review
Authors: Britto Ana Carolina Santos , Santos Débora Bittencourt Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Com a periódica procura pelos Cirurgiões-Dentistas para realizar investigação acerca do bruxismo, e ainda não existindo um fator casual bem estabelecido, este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar por meio de uma revisão de literatura, o bruxismo na infância, seus fatores de predisposição, para assim entender a importância de um diagnóstico precoce para um eficaz plano de tratamento. Metodologia: Neste estudo foi realizado uma revisão de literatura, com busca nas bases de dados (PubMed; Lilacs; e Bireme) de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos e livros, selecionados conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos.  Como critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, escritos em inglês, português, espanhol e francês. Conclusão: Torna-se cada vez mais notório a relevância de um atendimento multiprofissional, quando se refere à esta patologia. Assim, será possível entender a etiologia do bruxismo e com isso realizar um diagnóstico precoce e embasado e consequentemente um tratamento adequado.
A Metodologia Ativa na Formação Profissional de Acadêmicos da Área da Saúde / The Active Methodology in the Professional Training of Health Academics
Authors: Bezerra Kelma Lopes , Macêdo Maria Erilúcia Cruz
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar a contribuição que a metodologia ativa tem na formação profissional de acadêmicos da área da saúde, assim como verificar quais as principais metodologias ativas utilizadas no âmbito acadêmico, investigando se há diferença entre acadêmicos que tiveram a experiência com a metodologia ativa para os que não tiveram. Nesse contexto investigou-se 18 artigos que traziam as principais técnicas metodológicas ativas, sendo que, as mais utilizadas foram aprendizagem baseada em problema e estudo de caso, assim como suas contribuições e relevância na formação dos profissionais da saúde, podendo ser visto que as metodologias ativas têm uma influência direta no desenvolvimento do discente favorecendo uma visão crítica e reflexiva, tornando-o um sujeito ativo na tomada de decisão, dando total autonomia para a construção do seu conhecimento. O método utilizado consiste em uma revisão de literatura que busca trazer uma síntese de pesquisas anteriores e delas obter conclusões gerais para analisar o conhecimento científico sobre o assunto a ser investigado. Com base nesse estudo foi possível perceber que o uso das metodologias ativas pode ser um novo recurso didático para a formação crítica e reflexiva do estudante da área da saúde, sendo uma pratica pedagógica inovadora que promove uma participação coletiva democrática, assim como individual ativa por parte do discente.
Uso da Carboxiterapia Associada ao Princípio Ativo Cafeína no Tratamento da Lipodistrofia Localizada: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Use of Carboxiterapy Associated with the Caffeine Active Principle in the Treatment of Localized Lipodystrophy: A Literature Review
Authors: Zago Ketleen , Santos Jeane Rocha
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A lipodistrofia é o acúmulo de gordura em certas áreas do corpo que desarmoniza a figura. É produzido por uma maior concentração de células adiposas por unidade de volume nessas áreas, em comparação com o resto do corpo. A eliminação da lipodistrofia é um dos tratamentos mais requisitados no campo da estética. Técnicas minimamente invasivas para eliminar adiposidades localizadas requerem efetivamente uma abordagem abrangente por um profissional de estética para obter resultados de maneira segura, eficaz. Objetivo: analisar a eficácia da carboxiterapia associada ao princípio ativo cafeína no tratamento de gordura localizada. Metodologia: revisão integrativa de literatura, os dados foram coletados através de livros e artigos disponíveis nas plataformas online. Resultados: Os achados demostram que a associação da carboxiterapia com o princípio ativo da cafeína, possuem impactos positivos no tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada.  Conclusão: o uso da carboxiterapia associada ao princípio ativo cafeína possuem impactos positivos no tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada.
O Poder da Maquiagem na Autoestima de Mulheres com Acne / The Power of Makeup in Self-Esteem of Women with Acne
Authors: Silva Heloísa Azevedo , Ferreira Zamia Aline Brros
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A acne é uma doença cutânea, que atinge cerca de 80% da população. Geralmente, ela se faz mais presente na puberdade pelas alterações hormonais. Por causa da demora na efetividade do seu tratamento e por lhes causar insegurança e baixa autoestima, muitas mulheres procuram por alternativas tais como a maquiagem, como forma de camuflar a acne e auxiliar a evidenciar seus traços, mostrando que ela não serve apenas para embelezamento. Objetivo ressaltar como a maquiagem realça e influência a autoestima das mulheres. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de casos. A amostra foi composta por 02 participantes do sexo feminino. Resultados: a maquiagem possui benefícios na autoestima de mulheres portadoras de acne vulgar. Conclusão: Novos estudos, com um percentual de entrevistados maior, devem ser realizados no sentido reafirmar a importância da maquiagem na autoestima da mulher.
A Eficácia da Alta Frequência Associada aos Óleos Essenciais no Tratamento de Dermatite Seborréica / The Effectiveness of High Frequency Associated with Essential Oils in Treating Seborrhetic Dermatitis
Authors: Fernandes Anne Martins , Nogueira Ana Paula Silva
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A dermatite seborréica é considerada como uma doença crônica inflamatória na superfície da pele. Cujo desenvolvimento pode ocorrer através de fatores hormonais, emocionais e alimentares. A patologia se desenvolve em regiões que produzem maior concentração de sebo e sua manifestação se caracteriza através de placas avermelhadas e descamações finas e esbranquiçadas. Objetivo: Analisar os benefícios da alta frequência associada aos óleos essenciais para o tratamento da dermatite seborreica. Materiais e método: revisão Integrativa de literatura. Resultados: A associação de óleos essenciais com alta frequência possui eficácia no tratamento da dermatite seborreica. Conclusão: Apesar de haver benefícios na associação desses dois procedimentos estéticos, é importante que haja mais estudos a respeito da eficácia dos mesmos.
A Influência dos Procedimentos Estéticos na Autoestima de Mulheres que Sofreram Violência Conjugal /
Authors: Vieira Laíze Amaral , Ferreira Zâmia Aline Barros
Published: December 2020

Resumo: A violência contra a mulher ultrapassa os aspectos físicos, e atualmente o tipo de violência mais frequente é a psicológica. Em muitos relatos, as vítimas evidenciam o estrago que tudo isso gera na autoestima, principalmente quando se trata da imagem que elas têm de si. Objetivo: analisar os benefícios dos procedimentos estéticos na autoestima de mulheres que sofreram violência conjugal e identificar as consequências da violência conjugal na autoestima da mulher. Metodologia: revisão integrativa de literatura realizada através das bases de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde), e Scielo (Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online), no período de agosto a outubro de 2020.. Resultados: Os achados dessa investigação demostraram que os procedimentos estéticos trazem benéficios na autoestima de mulheres vítimas de violência conjugal.  Conclusão: é importante que haja mais pesquisas acerca da temática abordada, afim de demostrar a importância dos procedimentos estéicos na autoestima das mulheres em situação de violência conjugal.
A Afetividade no Desenvolvimento Cognitivo do Aluno com Transtorno de Espectro Autista – TEA / Affectivity in the Cognitive Development of the Student with Autistic Spectrum Disorder - TEA
Authors: Leite Carleane Maria Da Silva , Dantas Siebra Morais
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O artigo é um conteúdo completo de informações que são de suma importância no que se diz respeito ao desenvolvimento cognitivo ao aluno do Transtorno do Espetro Autista em prol da atribuição da afetividade. O objetivo é proporcionar ao leitor a importância da afetividade como mecanismo facilitador de aprendizagem no processo de cognição do aluno autista. O fato é que muitos profissionais ficam apreensivos ao se depararem com tal situação, e procuram maneiras e estratégias pra realizarem seu trabalho com bons resultados, e o conteúdo em questão é um suporte de conhecimentos para quem está em sala de aula. A verdade é que a educação inclusiva hoje requer muita atenção ao receber um aluno que de certa forma já vive em seu “mundo” devido sua deficiência  e é levado ao convívio do meio em que se encontra, visto que o professor ao se deparar com essa situação procura por estratégias para um melhor aprendizado desse aluno. E como o ponto chave do assunto é a afetividade, o texto contara com uma breve explanação sobre o que é o Transtorno do Espectro Autista, sua classificação em graus, métodos de como ter uma relação proximal com o aluno autista, as fases de cognição distribuídas em seu período de tempo, assim como seu aparato dentro de sala mediante um mediador acompanhante perante Lei, decorrente de um atendimento extraclasse com um psicopedagogo, que utilizara do lúdico no processo de aprendizagem do aluno autista, entre ouros aspectos  decorrente da leitura do texto. Sua fundamentação e baseada em autores renomados como Piaget, assim como Oliveira, Mello, Meleiro e demais autores que contribuíram com seu pensamento ou fala sobre o tema em questão. Ao finalizar estão em destaques algumas explanações sobre o tema que deixara o leitor com vontade de se aprofundar mais.
Avaliação e suas Dimensões no Processo de Ensino Aprendizagem: Uma Dinâmica Pedagógica na Visão de Hoffmann, Libâneo, Luckesi, Mello e Souza e, Sousa / Assessment and its Dimensions in the Teaching-Learning Process: A Pedagogical Dynamics in the View of Hoffmann, Libâneo, Luckesi, Mello e Souza e, Sousa
Authors: Silva Flávia Maria da , Nunes Cícera Alves
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo fez uma análise sobre os conhecimentos e teorias relacionados à avaliação e suas dimensões no processo de ensino aprendizagem, tendo como objetivo compreender essas dimensões. Sintetizando sobre as mesmas na práxis pedagógica diária, a avaliação no processo de ensino aprendizagem, bem como a avaliação numa visão mediadora da aprendizagem com base em obras de Hoffmann (2017, 2019), Luckesi (1999, 2011), Libâneo (2006), Mello e Souza (2005) e Sousa (2000). A partir das análises teóricas e da pesquisa de campo entendemos que a avaliação é um aspecto próprio e inseparável da educação, através da avaliação é possível verificar se o ensino foi eficaz para que alcançasse a aprendizagem dos alunos, deve também ser considerada como algo que contribui para o desenvolvimento intelectual, social e moral dos alunos. Notamos que atualmente a avaliação ainda é praticada com a finalidade de aprovar ou reprovar, como fim classificatório, porém felizmente vem ganhando uma nova roupagem, sendo entendida de uma forma mais abrangente, uma vez que é um dos componentes mais significativos do processo de ensino aprendizagem. Então, mesmo sabendo que o processo de avaliar é complexo o professor deve ser reflexivo, um polivalente na sua atuação, deve se autoavaliar continuamente, pois como mediador do processo de ensino aprendizagem é necessário que se tenha uma formação e ação voltadas para o bem estar e desenvolvimento do aluno, ou seja, tanto o aluno como o professor deve ser submetido a avaliações porque ensino e aprendizagem encontram-se intrinsicamente ligados exercendo uma relação de interação, de causa e consequência.
A Literatura Africana em Livros Paradidáticos para o Ensino Médio / African Literature in Paradidatic Books for High School
Authors: Quezado Bruna , Sousa Maria do Socorro Cordeiro de
Published: December 2020

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como os livros paradidáticos abordam a Literatura Africana no ensino médio. Os mais 350 anos de escravização dos povos africanos e indígenas no Brasil contribuíram para a construção do pensamento eugenista e racista, que considera o negro como uma raça inferior intelectual e culturalmente, o que configura racismo e desumanidade, além de existirem diversas tentativas de apagar a história desse povo (epistemicídio). Por isso, os estudantes, sobretudo do ensino médio que estudam literatura, não têm a chance ou o incentivo de ler livros de escritores africanos. Primeiro pela falta de formação dos professores e, segundo porque as escolas não possuem os recursos bibliográficos adequados para desenvolver um trabalho com a literatura africana. Por conseguinte, a presente pesquisa adotou a como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir da diversidade de obras da Literatura Africana e de artigos científicos publicados sobre a temática. Buscou-se identificar e caracterizar as principais obras e contos da Literatura Africana para o uso no ensino médio, para assim apresentar como a leitura destas obras contribui para o incentivo à leitura, destacando a importância dos contos africanos nas escolas. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se o aporte teórico, a saber, Cereja e Magalhães (2013), Munanga (2018), Rolon (2015), Candido (2014), Craverinha (2015), Failla (2013). Assim, os contos populares africanos refletem a diversidade cultural da sociedade e proporcionam lições valiosas a serem aprendidas; além disso, através deles os alunos podem aprender mais sobre os valores enraizados nas culturas africanas tradicionais, à medida que pequenos grupos leem outros contos e a classe os discutem.