bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La estructura y la jefatura de los hogares de la frontera norte en la última década
Authors: Vargas Valle Eunice D. , Navarro Ornelas Ana María
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las tendencias en la estructura y la jefatura femenina de los hogares de la frontera norte de México entre 2000 y 2010, así como los cambios en los perfiles demográficos de los hogares por tipo de estructura y jefatura de los hogares. Se registraron tres tendencias relevantes: el aumento de los hogares unipersonales, la ligera disminución de los hogares extensos y el incremento de los hogares de jefatura femenina. Estas tendencias apuntan hacia la intersección de complejos procesos estructurales y coyunturales. Por un lado, el proceso de envejecimiento de la población sigue en marcha y los procesos culturales ligados al valor por la autonomía individual versus el altruismo familiar siguen evidenciándose en el aumento de hombres solos y jefas de hogar. Por otro lado, procesos coyunturales tales como las crisis económicas y las políticas migratorias y de seguridad de Estados Unidos han repercutido en la reducción de la inmigración interna a la frontera y el alza de la migración de retorno de Estados Unidos, factores que a su vez han alterado las estructuras de los hogares fronterizos.
Dinámica de la calidad e inequidad del desarrollo humano en la región noreste de México, 1995–2005
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , Corona Ambriz Alejandro , Solorio Elizalde Yeranui
Published: January 2020

Se analiza la dinámica del desarrollo humano en el periodo 1995–2005 siguiendo las ideas de Naciones Unidas (nu) para la región noreste de México, constituida por Nuevo León y Tamaulipas. En contraste con lo usual, para los incrementos se propone una tasa de cambio promedio que sea poco afectada por la ley de los rendimientos decrecientes, además los índices usados son invariantes durante el periodo, en oposición a nu, y se usan dos índices de desarrollo, uno relativo al género, otro de inequidad y uno más de calidad. Ambos estados tienen condiciones de desarrollo superiores a las promedio del país y en equidad de género redujeron notoriamente la desigualdad. A pesar de ello, a escala mundial muestran rezagos importantes. Nuevo León es el más desarrollado pero la educación infantil ha declinado. Tamaulipas muestra superioridad en empleo de recursos. La distribución del desarrollo humano en la región no es equitativa
Después de tantos años me deportaron. Proceso de identificación y deportación de mujeres inmigrantes no delincuentes
Authors: Rocha Romero David , Ocegueda Hernández Marco Tulio
Published: January 2020

Las leyes de migración en Estados Unidos castigan con mayor severidad a los inmigrantes indocumentados no delincuentes. La lucha contra el terrorismo y la crisis económica dieron impulso al mayor castigo, la deportación. A partir de diez entrevistas con mujeres no delincuentes deportadas en Tijuana, se encontró que en las detenciones participan cada vez más policías locales, propiciando que existan más lugares inseguros para ellas y que en el proceso de detención para deportar, el azar o encuentro fortuito está presente.
An Analysis of Latino Male Immigrant Sex Offenders in Florida: The Impact of National Solutions on a Transnational Problem
Authors: Ackerman Alissa R. , Furman Rich
Published: January 2020

This article assesses whether deported Latino immigrant sex offenders have similar offense types as each other (by country) and as deported non-Latino immigrants, and how they differ in terms of crimes committed and dispositions. To do so, the authors analyzed data available from the state of Florida, a state with one of the largest Latino populations in the United States. It situates the results of research within the current sociopolitical climate related to immigrants, fear of immigrants and sex offenders, and the nature of transnational migration.
Turismo residencial y migración de jubilados extranjeros en México: un estudio de caso sobre sus implicaciones ambientales y de servicios en Baja California Sur
Authors: Casas-Beltrán Diego Armando , Beltrán-Morales Luis Felipe , Castellanos Aradit , Solís-Cámara Aurora Breceda
Published: January 2020

La migración de jubilados extranjeros en México ha aumentado, especialmente en Los Cabos, donde los asentamientos tipo tráiler se incrementan y se desplazan a zonas rurales costeras de alto valor ecológico, con el desconocimiento de las implicaciones ambientales.El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de este tipo de asentamientos, documentando mediante un caso de estudio las características de su comunidad así como sus implicaciones ambientales y de dotación de servicios públicos. Concluimos que la localidad se convertirá en un sitio de retiro en corto plazo, pues si bien no presenta altas densidades, sus implicaciones ambientales son significativas y de una cobertura amplia. Su demanda actual de servicios es mínima, pero puede producir conflictos a futuro, especialmente con el agua
Análisis de las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación del sector transporte en la ciudad de Mexicali
Authors: Melero Hernández Argelia , Quintero Núñez Margarito , Galindo Duarte Moisés
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar un análisis de las estrategias de mitigación  y adaptación del sector transporte en la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México. Basado en la metodología de los Programas de Acción ante el Cambio Climático (PACC), se analiza el inventario de emisiones de Mexicali y se da a conocer un diagnóstico. Una vez analizada la situación actual, se estudian las estrategias de mitigación, como el sistema de transporte colectivo (BRT, por sus siglas en inglés), la verificación vehicular, nuevas leyes de importación, la producción de biocombustibles, la promoción de uso de vehículos de menores emisiones y la planeación urbana. En materia de adaptación se estudia el reciclado de vehículos en Mexicali y el uso de transporte no motorizado como alternativa de movilidad sustentable.
Para repensar la profundización democrática: ideales, conceptos y desafíos analíticos
Authors: Monsiváis Carrillo Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo tiene como propósito discutir los desafíos conceptuales que enfrenta una teoría de la profundización democrática. En primera instancia se discuten las contribuciones y los límites tanto normativos como analíticos de la noción de “calidad de la democracia”. Enseguida se argumenta que es necesario reconstruir los preceptos asociados con el ideal de la democracia para discernir los ideales regulativos que pueden ser objeto específico de escrutinio. La apuesta consiste en abrir nuevas agendas de investigación en torno a los conceptos que son parte del ideal de una democracia vital y robustecida. Esto implica repensar al menos tres elementos constitutivos del gobierno democrático: la participación, la competencia y el control popular de la acción pública.
TWO NEW FEATHER MITES OF THE GENUS PROCTOPHYLLODES ROBIN (ACARIFORMES: PROCTOPHYLLODIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH PASSERINES (AVES: PASSERIFORMES) IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors: Mironov Sergey V.
Published: January 2020

Two new species of the feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Proctophyllodidae: Proctophyllodinae) are described from passerines in the Primorye Territory, Russia: Proctophyllodes bochkovi sp. n. from the blue-and-white flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck) (Muscicapidae) and P. cyanopicae sp. n. from the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus (Pallas) (Corvidae). Proctophyllodes bochkovi belongs to the caulifer species group. It differs from the most similar species, P. cotyledon Trouessart, 1899, in having the genital arch not extending to the level of epimerites IIIa, the terminal lamellae symmetrical with pennate venation and by the absence of the paragenital apodemes in males, and in having a longer lobar region (78–88 μm) in females. Proctophyllodes cyanopicae belongs to the musicus group and is readily distinguished from the most similar species, P. picae (Koch, 1841), in having the hysteronotal shield with well pronounced circular lacunae, and setae g situated closer to the level of setae ps3 than to the genital arch tips in males, and in having the terminal cleft shaped as a longitudinal rectangle 50–55 μm long in females.
MERISTACARUS BOCHKOVI (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, LOHMANNIIDAE), A NEW SPECIES OF ORIBATID MITES FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Kalúz Stanislav
Published: January 2020

A new oribatid mite species of the genus Meristacarus (Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) is described from Malaysia. Meristacarus bochkovi sp. n. differs from all other representatives of the genus by the presence of a dense tuberculate body surface.
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEOPYGMEPHORIDAE (ACARI: PYGMEPHOROIDEA) PHORETIC ON SCARAB BEETLES
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Frolov Andrey V.
Published: January 2020

A new genus of Neopygmephorid mites (Acari: Neopygmephoridae), Andrebochkovia gen. n., and two new species—
A. cochlearis sp. n., collected from the beetle Apogonia destructor Bos (Scarabaeidae: Melolontinae) in Indonesia; and A. madagascariensis sp. n., collected from the beetle Adoretus cf. vittatus Brenske (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Madagascar—are described.
The legal regulations of treating animals without owners: problems and solutions
Authors: Skifskaia Kseniia N. , Danilova Natalia V.
Published: January 2020

Due to the expansion and improvement of Russian legislation in the field of animal protection (namely, the introduction of the RF Federal Law of 27 December 2018 No 498-FZ), there is increased attention to the problem of stray animals (or animals without an owner).
This article aims not only to identify the main problems in this area, but also to offer effective and informed solutions that will improve the treatment of animals without owners. The main methods of research include analysis, synthesis, and comparative method. The results show the main gaps in the existing legal norms, problems in their implementation, and proposed options for their elimination.
The main conclusion of this study is not just proposals to improve the proposed legislation, but a call to educate people in a humane and responsible attitude towards animals without owners. This work is one of the first in this area, so the validity and effectiveness of the proposed solutions to the identified problems are very important, as well as the accuracy of the analysis of normative legal acts and their correct comparison with other acts regulating this area of relations.
Achieving the spatial development goals using the human-driven approach
Authors: Kurushina Elena V.
Published: January 2020

Efficient implementation of the Spatial Development Strategy is necessary to solve the accumulated problems, and this requires defining a new methodological approach. Relying on the review of modern anthropocentric development theories, the author suggests the types of management models in terms of several elements. They include the goal setting with the focus on the human development, the goal adjustment among the stakeholders, the application of human capital characteristics as the key development factor, and the formation of management mechanisms based on the differential approach. This study explains the decision making to achieve strategic goals of the spatial development with the methodical complex within the human-oriented (human-driven) approach, comprising the method of assessing the human-oriented development, regression models of the human capital growth due to migration and reproduction processes, and the method of the regional typologization in terms of objective and subjective characteristics of the territory attractiveness for population. The method tested in this work focuses on achieving one of the most important goals of the spatial development of the 1st level on the example of the subjects of the Ural Federal District (UFD). During the test, this method allowed assessing not only the level of the human-oriented development, but also the degree of its balance in terms of the standard deviation of the structural indicators of the development components, including the economic, socio-natural and inclusive components. The results obtained allowed defining the positions of regions in the matrix “human-oriented development level — balance of components”. Combination of the matrix analysis of subjects of the UFD with the results of the typologization of these regions showed the dependence of the degree of the migrants’ reaction on the changes in the quality of life and the human-oriented development. The performed study provides the evidence towards the need to increase the level and improve the balance of components of the human-oriented development of regions from the viewpoint of the management efficiency of the human capital accommodation. This is essential for creating new centres of economic growth and ensuring the demographic security of Russia.
Methodological approaches to economic analysis in assessing the competitive situation at the market, applied by the competition authorities implementing state competition policy
Authors: Gagarina Irina V.
Published: January 2020

Competitive situation assessment is typically the first essential stage of making regulatory act by competition authorities. Consequently, efficiency and effectiveness of competition authorities’ activity hinges on quality of carrying out analytical research.
Analysis of competition situation as a stage of antimonopoly regulation is different from marketing research, as its aim is to answer the questions which must be solved on the level of enabling legislation. The procedure of research and methodological approaches to economic analysis are regulated and defined by the aims of law enforcement, and by specific character of sectoral market functioning. However, antimonopoly authority does not have a right to deviate from imposed requirements, otherwise regulatory act based on the results of competitive situation assessment can be invalidated. Nowadays, issues of applying methodological approaches to competitive situation assessment at the market as well as quality improvement of economy analysis and transparency of such work for society are on the front burner.
The current article follows the paper “Means of competitive situation at the market assessment, applied by antimonopoly authority in the course of state competition policy” and it includes the characteristics of the stages of research, general and specific requirements of their applying, generalization of views concerning methodological approaches to economic analysis under every stage. Means of competitive situation at the market assessment has been represented in such arrangement for the first time. Provided research results can be used for scientific, practical, and educational purpose under such disciplines as “Competition Law” and “Competition Policy”.
Socio-economic determinants of health
Authors: Moiseeva Daria Yu. , Troitskaya Irina A.
Published: January 2020

The high level of economic and demographic development of a country does not guarantee health equality to its citizens. Health differentiation is associated not only with genetic, behavioral, or infrastructural factors, despite their significance; it reflects also the socio-economic differentiation of society. Thus, the concept of social determinants of health arises — the of people from their birth to the old age.
The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, but not only as the absence of disease and physical defects. This definition, however, does not allow emphasizing that set of objective indicators through which one can monitor and measure health. At present, there is no unique comparable scale for determining the level of health; its development requires a complex interdisciplinary study.
This article studies the concept and defines the classification of socio-economic determinants of the population’s health. Using a variety of contemporary foreign studies linking specific indicators of health or life expectancy with a number of social determinants, the current paper reveals the nature of the socio-economic factors influence on the health of the population. Due to the lack of Russian research on the topic, this article is of interest to the Russian audience with a broad overview of theoretical and empirical works.
Interpretations of anti-global social movements from the perspective of ethics economy reflection
Authors: Pogonowska Barbara
Published: January 2020

The main interests of the article are the social movements and oppositions, which have emerged during and after the financial crisis of 2008. The social events like Wall Street Occupy, Fight for $15, or Make Poverty History can be perceived as a very interesting form of resistance to the capitalistic system of economy. The major objective is to recognize the plurality of interpretations of the cultural context and the role of these grassroots movements. That plurality is a consequence of axiological assumptions related to the concept of society. The other goal of such considerations is to expose that grassroots movements may cause some social changes within the sphere of economy according to current social expectations. The article attempts at presenting a culture-oriented approach that implies the constructivist vision of society. The methodology of constructivism includes the method of qualitative research such as humanistic interpretation of social beliefs developed by Jerzy Kmita.
Labor law in the russian legal system
Authors: Zapolsky Sergey V.
Published: January 2020

For many years, labor law in the Russian (and Soviet) legal system was regarded as specialized in a narrow segment of legal relations. In the recent decades, the labor law has developed, pushing itself significantly higher in the hierarchy of legal fields, namely, in the status of fundamental (so-called material) fields along with the criminal, administrative, and civil law.
This article analyzes the causes of this phenomenon and describes the generic role of the legal regulation of labor relations for the entire system of property and non-property relations governed by law.
As a result of studying different opinions on the classification of labor law as private or public sectors, as well as global experience, the author draws a conclusion about the national identity of Russian labor law, which is characterized by reliance on a unified labor relationship that organically combines individual and collective.
The historical relationship of labor law with civil law shows the universality of labor obligations that bind the employee “with the whole world”. Changes in the place of labor law in the system of branches of law are explained by transformations and expansion of methods of legal regulation of labor relations by social partnership. It raises the problem of a certain convergence of labor law to administrative law, which is assessed as the most serious danger that can distort the economic and legal nature of labor relations. It follows that the insolvency of the use of statistical methods in the production sphere, as well as arguments are presented to solve the problem of distinguishing labor and administrative law.
The main finding is related to determining the place of labor law in the legal system. Given the importance and homogeneity of labor relations, currently labor law has ceased to be a specialized legal body and should be classified as a substantive material area of law.
Human Resources Management For Teleworkers
Authors: Özcan Demet
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to explore the
suggestions and expectations of telecommuters and non-telecommuters for human
resources management and other leaders. 
Analysing data from 21 in-depth qualitative interviews according to
grounded theory, 2 main themes are identified as: expectations before the
initiation of telecommuting and expectations after the initiation of
telecommuting. Respondents’ intimate and detailed descriptions of their
expectations as telecommuters are coded under the main themes and the
conceptual model is developed and suggestions are presented. The findings of
the study are expected to be a guide for human resources management to apply
successful teleworking programs and to give a deep understanding of the
experiences, challenges and needs of telecommuters so as to give feedback about
what to do and how to do the implementions both before and after the adoption
of this new way of working.
Emerging Potential of Naturally Occurring Autophagy Modulators Against Neurodegeneration
Authors: Rahman Md. Ataur , Rahman Md Rezanur , Zaman Toyfiquz , Uddin Md. Sahab , Islam Rokibul , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Rhim Hyewhon
Published: January 2020

Background:

Naturally-occurring products derived from living organisms have been shown to modulate
various pharmacological and biological activities. Natural products protect against various diseases, which
could be used for therapeutic assistance. Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated self-digestion pathway, has been implicated
in a range of pathophysiological conditions and has recently gained attention for its role in several neurodegenerative
diseases.

Methods:

In this current review, we emphasized the recent progress made in our understanding of the molecular
mechanism of autophagy in different cellular and mouse models using naturally-occurring autophagy modulators
for the management of several neurodegenerative diseases.

Results:

Accumulating evidence has revealed that a wide variety of natural compounds such as alkaloids, polyphenols,
terpenoids, xanthonoids, flavonoids, lignans, disaccharides, glycolipoproteins, and saponins are involved
in the modulation of the autophagy signaling pathway. These natural products have been used to treat various
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma. Although a number of synthetic autophagy
regulators have been recognized as encouraging neurodegenerative therapeutic candidates, natural autophagy-
regulating compounds have been of further interest as potential disease therapeutics, as they cause insignificant
side effects.

Conclusion:

Existing in vitro and in vivo data are promising and highlight that naturally-occurring autophagyregulating
compounds play an important role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Where are We Standing?
Authors: Bakir Sena , Catalkaya Gizem , Ceylan Fatma D. , Khan Haroon , Guldiken Burcu , Capanoglu Esra , Kamal Mohammad A.
Published: January 2020

:

This review presents the potential effects of dietary antioxidants on neurodegenerative diseases. The
relationship between autoimmunity and antioxidants, and their preventive effect on neurodegenerative diseases
are evaluated. The driven factors of neurodegeneration and the potential effects of natural antioxidants are summarized
for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, spongiform encephalopathy,
Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The effect of oxidative stress on neurodegenerative diseases
and regulative effect of antioxidants on oxidative balance is discussed. This review provides beneficial
information for the possible cure of neurodegenerative diseases with dietary intake of antioxidants.
Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Inflammatory Diseases: Cellular and Molecular Episodes
Authors: A.A. Mohamed Adil , Ameenudeen Shabnam , Kumar Ashok , Hemalatha S. , Ahmed Neesar , Ali Nemat , AlAsmari Abdullah F. , Aashique Mohammad , Waseem Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Mitochondria are the crucial regulators for the major source of ATP for different cellular events. Due to damage episodes, mitochondria have been established for a plethora ofalarming signals of stress that lead to cellular deterioration, thereby causing programmed cell death. Defects in mitochondria play a key role in arbitrating pathophysiological machinery with recent evince delineating a constructive role in mitophagy mediated mitochondrial injury. Mitophagy has been known for the eradication of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy process. Mitophagy has been investigated as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Impaired mitophagy has been critically linked with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism is not quite revealed, and it is still debatable. The purpose of this review was to investigate the possible role of mitophagy and its associated mechanism in inflammation-mediated diseases at both the cellular and molecular levels.
Viral MicroRNAs: Interfering the Interferon Signaling
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Valverde Araceli , Siddiqui Hasan , Schaller Samantha , Naqvi Afsar R.
Published: January 2020

Interferons are secreted cytokines with potent antiviral, antitumor and immunomodulatory functions.
As the first line of defense against viruses, this pathway restricts virus infection and spread. On the contrary,
viruses have evolved ingenious strategies to evade host immune responses including the interferon pathway.
Multiple families of viruses, in particular, DNA viruses, encode microRNA (miR) that are small, non-protein
coding, regulatory RNAs. Virus-derived miRNAs (v-miR) function by targeting host and virus-encoded transcripts
and are critical in shaping host-pathogen interaction. The role of v-miRs in viral pathogenesis is emerging
as demonstrated by their function in subverting host defense mechanisms and regulating fundamental biological
processes such as cell survival, proliferation, modulation of viral life-cycle phase. In this review, we will discuss
the role of v-miRs in the suppression of host genes involved in the viral nucleic acid detection, JAK-STAT pathway,
and cytokine-mediated antiviral gene activation to favor viral replication and persistence. This information
has yielded new insights into our understanding of how v-miRs promote viral evasion of host immunity and likely
provide novel antiviral therapeutic targets.
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid for Skin Health and Melanogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Huang Huey-Chun , Lee I. Jung , Huang Chen , Chang Tsong-Min
Published: January 2020

Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to human health. Lactic acid bacteria have wide applications in food, cosmetic and medicine industries due to being Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and a multitude of therapeutic and functional properties. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria, their extracts or ferments on skin health, including improvements in skin conditions and the prevention of skin diseases. Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum was reported to inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In particular, lipoteichoic acid also exerted anti-photoaging effects on human skin cells by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase- 1. The oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and other lactic acid bacteria has been reported to inhibit the development of atopic diseases. Additionally, the clinical and histologic evidence indicates that the topical application of lactic acid is effective for depigmentation and improving the surface roughness and mild wrinkling of the skin caused by environmental photo-damage. This review discusses recent findings on the effects of lactic acid bacteria on skin health and their specific applications in skin-whitening cosmetics.
Combining Growth Factor and Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation, A Review
Authors: Asgharzade Samira , Talaei Andisheh , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Forouzanfar Fatemeh
Published: January 2020

Stroke is a serious, life-threatening condition demanding vigorous search for new therapies.
Recent research has focused on stem cell-based therapies as a viable choice following ischemic stroke,
based on studies displaying that stem cells transplanted to the brain not only survive but also cause
functional recovery. Growth factors defined as polypeptides that regulate the growth and differentiation
of many cell types. Many studies have demonstrated that combined use of growth factors may increase
results by the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection
properties, and enhancement of stem cell survival rates and so may be more effective than a single
stem cell therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new stroke recovery research,
including combination treatment.
The Modulation of Beneficial and/or Harmful Effects of Free Oxygen Radicals in the Context of Molecular Mechanisms Regarding Drug – PART I
Authors: Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: January 2020

This special issue of Current Topic in Medicinal Chemistry (CTMC) covers outcomes and ideas for future molecular
modifications leading to the novel derivatives with better constructive pharmacological potential for treatment of
the different human disorders but also may considering anatomical features of the underlying tissues, and non-chemical
based treatment strategies.
Potential Telomere-Related Pharmacological Targets
Authors: Berei Joseph , Eckburg Adam , Miliavski Edward , Anderson Austin D. , Miller Rachel J. , Dein Joshua , Giuffre Allison M. , Tang Diana , Deb Shreya , Racherla Kavya Sri , Patel Meet , Vela Monica Saravana , Puri Neelu
Published: January 2020

Telomeres function as protective caps at the terminal portion of chromosomes, containing non-coding nucleotide sequence repeats. As part of their protective function, telomeres preserve genomic integrity and minimize chromosomal exposure, thus limiting DNA damage responses. With continued mitotic divisions in normal cells, telomeres progressively shorten until they reach a threshold at a point where they activate senescence or cell death pathways. However, the presence of the enzyme telomerase can provide functional immortality to the cells that have reached or progressed past senescence. In senescent cells that amass several oncogenic mutations, cancer formation can occur due to genomic instability and the induction of telomerase activity. Telomerase has been found to be expressed in over 85% of human tumors and is labeled as a near-universal marker for cancer. Due to this feature being present in a majority of tumors but absent in most somatic cells, telomerase and telomeres have become promising targets for the development of new and effective anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we evaluate novel anticancer targets in development which aim to alter telomerase or telomere function. Additionally, we analyze the progress that has been made, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, with therapeutics directed at telomere-related targets. Furthermore, we review the potential telomere-related therapeutics that are used in combination therapy with more traditional cancer treatments. Throughout the review, topics related to medicinal chemistry are discussed, including drug bioavailability and delivery, chemical structure-activity relationships of select therapies, and the development of a unique telomere assay to analyze compounds affecting telomere elongation.
Fasting-Evoked En Route Hypoglycemia in Diabetes (FEEHD): From Guidelines to Clinical Practice
Authors: Abdelfattah Omar M. , Hassanein Mohamed , Saad Anas M. , Abela George , Aldasouqi Saleh
Published: January 2020

Background:

Lipid profiles have been used for the purposes of health screening and monitoring
of the effects of lipid-lowering medications, especially in patients with diabetes who are prone to
hyperlipidemia. Fasting for lipid profiles has been the norm for the past decades. This long-lasting tradition
poses a risk of hypoglycemia, especially in patients with diabetes.

Objective:

Our aim is to review the overlooked occurrence of hypoglycemia in patients who fast for
laboratory tests, especially lipid profile tests, and commute to the laboratory facility while fasting; a
condition we titled “Fasting-Evoked En route Hypoglycemia in Diabetes patients” or “FEEHD”. We
also review its prevalence and clinical impact on patients with diabetes.

Methods:

We undertook an extensive literature search using search engines such as PubMed and Google
Scholar. We used the following keywords for the search: Fasting, Non-fasting; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic
Agents; Laboratory Tests; Glucose, Hypoglycemia, Lipid Profiles, FEEHD.

Results:

Our literature review has shown that the prevalence of FEEHD is alarmingly high (17-21% of
patients at risk). This form of hypoglycemia is under recognized in the clinical practice despite its frequent
occurrence. Recent changes in various international guidelines have uniformly endorsed the utilization
of non-fasting lipid profiles as the new standard for obtaining lipid profiles with the exception of
certain conditions. Multiple studies showed the efficacy of non-fasting lipid tests in comparison to fasting
lipid tests, in routine clinical practice.

Conclusion:

We hope to increase awareness among clinicians about this overlooked and potentially
harmful form of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, which can be easily avoided. We also hope to
call upon clinicians to consider changing the habit of ordering lipid profiles in the fasting state, which
has been recently shown to be largely unnecessary in routine clinical settings, with few exceptions in
selected cases.
In vitro Cytotoxic Effect, Hemolytic, and Antioxidant Activities of the Algerian Species Nonea vesicaria Rchb.
Authors: Mouffouk Soumia , Mouffouk Chaima , Bensouici Chawki , Haba Hamada
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and
the evaluation of cytotoxic, hemolytic and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract obtained from
the species Nonea vesicaria (L.) Rchb.

Methods:

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu and trichloroaluminum
methods, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was tested by Brine shrimp lethality assay and the
hemolytic activity was assessed by spectrophotometric test on human erythrocytes. Moreover, the antioxidant
activity was determined by seven different techniques.

Results:

The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of many classes of secondary metabolites,
a moderate level of polyphenols, and a low content of flavonoids. The methanolic extract showed a
significant cytotoxic effect with a value of LC50 at 35.7±0.5 μg/mL and induced hemolysis in a dosedependent
manner with a value of EC50 at 175.6±0.08 μg/mL. The results of antioxidant activities indicated
an important effect on nonpolar systems especially in ferric thiocyanate test and β-carotene
bleaching inhibition assay.

Conclusion:

The methanolic extract of N. vesicaria could constitute an important source of antioxidant
and cytotoxic compounds but prudent use is recommended in order to reduce the adverse effects related
to the possible hemolysis.
The Role of Annexin A1 and Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/3 Signaling in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Depression-Like behaviors and Impairment in Hippocampal-Dependent Memory
Authors: Peritore Alessio Filippo , Crupi Rosalia , Scuto Maria , Gugliandolo Enrico , Siracusa Rosalba , Impellizzeri Daniela , Cordaro Marika , D’amico Ramona , Fusco Roberta , Di Paola Rosanna , Cuzzocrea Salvatore
Published: January 2020

Background:

The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is commonly dysregulated in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an endogenous ligand of formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2/3, is a member of the family of phospholipid- and calcium-binding proteins with a well-defined role in the delayed early inhibitory feedback of glucocorticoids (GC) in the pituitary gland and implicated in the occurrence of behavioural disorders such as anxiety.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of ANXA1 and its main receptor, as a cellular mediator of behavioural disorders, in a model of corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression and subsequently the possible correlation between the depressive state and impairment of hippocampal memory.

Methods:

To induce the depression model, wild-type (WT), ANXA1 knockout (KO), and FPR2/3 KO mice were exposed to orally administration of CORT for 28 days dissolved in drinking water. Histological, biochemical and behavioural analyses were performed.

Results:

FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO mice showed improvement in anxiety and depression-like behaviour compared with WT mice after CORT administration. In addition, FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO mice showed a reduction in histological alterations and neuronal death in hippocampal sections. Moreover, CORT+ FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO, exhibited an higher expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phospho-ERK, cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and a decrease of serotonin transporter expression (SERT) compared to WT(CORT+) mice.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the absence of the ANXA1 protein, even more than the absence of its main receptor (FPR 2/3), was fundamental to the inhibitory action of GC on the HPA axis; it also maintained the hippocampal homeostasis by preventing neuronal damage associated with depression.
Bacterial-viral Urine Microbiota in Uncomplicated Recurrent Infection of the Lower Urinary Tract: Results of Pilot Study
Authors: Naboka Ju. L. , Kogan M. I. , Mordanov S. V. , Ibishev Kh. S. , Ilyash A. V. , Gudima I. A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Difficulties in the management and treatment of patients with uncomplicated recurrent lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) are largely because bacterial, viral and other components remain unexplored in the etiological structure of the disease.

Purpose of the study. To study the urine bacterial-viral associations in uncomplicated recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract (LUT).

Materials and methods. The study included 14 patients with uncomplicated recurrent infections of the LUT, the average age was 33.0 ± 4.7 years. The object of the study was the average portion of morning urine collected prior to the appointment of empirical antibiotic therapy. Urine was divided into 3 aliquots: 1 for general urine analysis, 2 for bacteriological examination, 3 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. Aerobic-anaerobic associations were found in urine in all cases. Enterobacteriaceae family representatives were discovered in 92.8% of cases; they were represented by E. coli (78.6%), Klebsiella spp. (14.2%), Proteus spp. (7.1%). Moreover, in one patient at the same time (7.1%) E. coli + Klebsiella spp was isolated from urine.

The gram-positive microflora pattern consisted of 7 genera and / or species and in various combinations was found in all patients. The taxonomic structure of the gram-positive flora was represented by E. faecalis (64.3%), S. lentus (21.4%), Corynebacterium spp., S. warneri, E. faecium (14.3% each), S. epidermidis + E. coli was recorded in 4 (28.6%) women, E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli + Klebsiella spp. - in 1 (7.1%), E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli also in 1 (7.1%) patients.

Non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria (NAB) were isolated from urine in all cases with Eubacterium spp dominating. (57.1%). The taxonomic structure of NAB was represented by 5 genera: Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Peptococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp.

Viruses were detected in urine in 6 (42.9%) patients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 4 (28.6%) of them, moreover, in 1 case, in association with human papillomavirus (HPV53), in two other cases (7.1% each), cytomegalovirus (CMV) was verified and human herpes simplex virus type 6 (HHV6), respectively.

Conclusions. In patients with uncomplicated recurrent LUTI, viruses with a prevalence of EBV were verified in urine in 42.9% of cases (28.6%). Apparently, the treatment of this patients` cohort should be directed not only to the bacterial, but also the viral components of the urinary microbiota.
Polyorchism
Authors: Kolesnikov G. S.
Published: January 2020

A clinical case of treatment of a 19-year-old patient with hydrocele on the left, polyorchism is described. In 2012, a patient underwent surgery on the left for varicocele on the left. Hydrocele developed one year after Ivanissevich’s surgery on the left, in 2013. Before going to the clinic polyorchism was not diagnosed. When contacted: complaints about the main disease - hydrocele: the increase of the left half of the scrotum, the patient’s condition was assessed as satisfactory, laboratory indicators ‒ within the normal range. Rapid treatment of hydrocele by Bergman was carried out. During the operation: the left half of the scrotum was opened, about 60 ml was evacuated. The straw-yellow liquids were assessed by the condition of the testicles, taking into account the presence of independent appendages in each organ and the common ejaculate - the decision was made to preserve both testicles. The postoperative period went smoothly. During the control examinations - pathological changes were not revealed: control analyses of the.

The study did not have sponsorship. The author has declared no conflicts of interest.
Estimation of the Efficacy of Retroperitoneoscopic Renal Cysts Deroofing
Authors: Mukhtarov Sh. T. , Akilov F. A. , Mirkhamidov D. Kh. , Ayubov B. A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. The intensive introduction of modern endovideosurgical techniques creates the prerequisites for the further expansion of minimally invasive surgical interventions. Literature reviews` data on the results of retroperitoneoscopic operations suggest that endovideosurgery in urology has broad prospects for further development.

Purpose of the study. To estimate of the efficacy and safety of the retroperitoneoscopic operations for renal cysts.

Materials and methods. Retroperitoneoscopic operations (renal cysts deroofing) were performed for 152 symptomatic patients with Bosniak I kidney cysts (from 4.4 х 3.8 cm to 14.5 х 14.0 cm). Proposal of the operations were classified according to the technical difficulty as “Easy” in 147 (96.7%) cases (Е: sum of scores 3-5), in 5 (3.3%) cases – «Slightly difficult» (SD: score 7). Statistical analyses of the results performed by the program Microsoft Office Excel 2007, StatSoft Statistica 8.0 with using the Student-Fisher`s criteria.

Results. The mean duration of the operations was 35.7 ± 6.1 min (30-90 min); there were not any intraoperative complications; the mean blood loss was 23.0 ± 4.1 ml (10-100 ml); there was no need for blood transfusion; incidence of postoperative complications were 2.4% - in 4 cases there were manifestation of urinary tract infection during the postoperative period (II category of the complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification); mean hospital stay was 2.2 ± 0.1 day (1-6 days); drainages were removed on second postoperative day; there were not any conversions to open operations and additional procedures in postoperative period.

Conclusions. Retroperitoneoscopic renal cysts deroofing is effective and safe procedure for the treatment of simple kidney cysts. This method has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, minimal complications, short in hospital stay and fast recovery of the patients.

The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Using Smart Bracelets to Assess Heart Rate Among Students During Physical Education Lessons: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Jiangang , Liu Yang
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

An increasing number of wrist-worn wearables are being examined in the context of health care. However, studies of their use during physical education (PE) lessons remain scarce.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to examine the reliability and validity of the Fizzo Smart Bracelet (Fizzo) in measuring heart rate (HR) in the laboratory and during PE lessons.

METHODS

In Study 1, 11 healthy subjects (median age 22.0 years, IQR 3.75 years) twice completed a test that involved running on a treadmill at 6 km/h for 12 minutes and 12 km/h for 5 minutes. During the test, participants wore two Fizzo devices, one each on their left and right wrists, to measure their HR. At the same time, the Polar Team2 Pro (Polar), which is worn on the chest, was used as the standard. In Study 2, we went to 10 schools and measured the HR of 24 students (median age 14.0 years, IQR 2.0 years) during PE lessons. During the PE lessons, each student wore a Polar device on their chest and a Fizzo on their right wrist to measure HR data. At the end of the PE lessons, the students and their teachers completed a questionnaire where they assessed the feasibility of Fizzo. The measurements taken by the left wrist Fizzo and the right wrist Fizzo were compared to estimate reliability, while the Fizzo measurements were compared to the Polar measurements to estimate validity. To measure reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), mean difference (MD), standard error of measurement (SEM), and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were used. To measure validity, ICC, limits of agreement (LOA), and MAPE were calculated and Bland-Altman plots were constructed. Percentage values were used to estimate the feasibility of Fizzo.

RESULTS

The Fizzo showed excellent reliability and validity in the laboratory and moderate validity in a PE lesson setting. In Study 1, reliability was excellent (ICC>0.97; MD<0.7; SEM<0.56; MAPE<1.45%). The validity as determined by comparing the left wrist Fizzo and right wrist Fizzo was excellent (ICC>0.98; MAPE<1.85%). Bland-Altman plots showed a strong correlation between left wrist Fizzo measurements (bias=0.48, LOA=–3.94 to 4.89 beats per minute) and right wrist Fizzo measurements (bias=0.56, LOA=–4.60 to 5.72 beats per minute). In Study 2, the validity of the Fizzo was lower compared to that found in Study 1 but still moderate (ICC>0.70; MAPE<9.0%). The Fizzo showed broader LOA in the Bland-Altman plots during the PE lessons (bias=–2.60, LOA=–38.89 to 33.69 beats per minute). Most participants considered the Fizzo very comfortable and easy to put on. All teachers thought the Fizzo was helpful.

CONCLUSIONS

When participants ran on a treadmill in the laboratory, both left and right wrist Fizzo measurements were accurate. The validity of the Fizzo was lower in PE lessons but still reached a moderate level. The Fizzo is feasible for use during PE lessons.
Amine-based Carbon Dioxide Absorption: The Ionic Strength Effect on the Monoethanolamine Protonation Constant at Temperatures from 313 to 333K
Authors: Ma'mun Sholeh , Setiawan Panji Kumala , Indrayanto Egip
Published: January 2020

Amine-based absorption has been extensively used for carbon dioxide (CO2) removal processes, such as CO2 absorption from flue gas as well as from natural gas. As a reactive system in which the chemical reaction, as well as mass transfer, occur simultaneously, an experimental determination of equilibrium reaction constants, e.g. acid dissociation/protonation constant (Ka), is, therefore, necessary to be conducted. This study aims to evaluate the ionic strength effect from 0.06 to 6.0 m (mol/kg water) on the Ka value of monoethanolamine (MEA) at temperatures between 313 and 333K. The experimental results indicate that the pKa values tend to be increasing as the ionic strength increases. This is contradicting to the temperature effect where the pKa values tend to be decreasing as the temperature increases. Furthermore, the extended Debye-Hückel formulation was implemented to predict the species activity coefficients.