bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content validity of the modified Barthel Index for stroke patients in an African country
Authors: Breytenbach Fiona C , Freeme Juliana D , De Witt Patricia A , Franzsen Denise
Published: January 2024

Background: The Barthel Index is considered the global gold standard for assessing performance in activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, but there has been little research undertaken on this outcome measure for a stroke population in a low to middle income country. The study aimed to determine the content validity of the modified Barthel Index (MBI) for assessing the ADL of stroke patients in an African country. Method: A mixed methods design using the nominal group technique was utilised. The study sample consisted of occupational therapists (n=11) and physiotherapists (n=4) with four or more years' experience working in the field of adult neurorehabilitation in South Africa. Each of the four focus groups analysed the content validity of the MBI using five questions based on the Table of Specifications methodology. Data analysis followed van Breda's steps to analysing multi-group nominal group technique to establish themes arising from each question and were presented according to final rank scores. Results: The findings highlighted aspects of content validity of the MBI related to language, clarity, content completeness and appropriateness that require revision. Conclusion: This study provides recommendations for the revision of the MBI to improve its content validity for the South African stroke population. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • Methodology can be replicated in other multi-cultural and language countries. • Training on administration of the MBI can overcome barriers related to language and item clarity where English is ahealthcare worker's second language. • The MBI is currently most suited to environments with water and sanitation infrastructure. • A future study implementing recommendations for revision of the MBI for the African stroke populations is suggested.
Paediatric hand function assessment practices of occupational therapists in South Africa
Authors: Visser Marieta , Nel Mariette , Bornman Chanelle , Kellerman Tessa , Miller Zoe , Oosthuizen Carien
Published: January 2024

Introduction: South African occupational therapists' assessment practices of children's hand function are unknown, although the treatment thereof is an integral part of the paediatric scope of practice and clientele. Hand function assessment frameworks and instruments are available, but a lack of contextually relevant, comprehensive standardised instruments was identified. The study aimed to investigate occupational therapists' current paediatric hand function assessment practices and their preferences towards future practice. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study design using convenient and snowball sampling was employed. An EvaSysco survey system, custom-developed online questionnaire, was used to collect information. Results: In total, 194 HPCSA-registered occupational therapists participated. All the participants currently rely on informal observations. Although not exclusively designed for hand function, standardised developmental tests were often used. Limited familiarity with and use of t he available published hand function assessment instrument was reported. Future assessment preferences supported a standardised, comprehensive hand function assessment instrument for different age groups and paedi atric conditions. Conclusion: This study provides baseline evidence of current and preferred paediatric hand fu net ion assessment practices used by occupational therapists. The need for training to use the available published instruments was highlighted. Recommendations towards the refinement of existing or the development of a standardised, contextually relevant instrument for paediatric practice in South Africa are offered. Implications for practice This article offers a deeper understanding of available paediatric hand function assessment frameworks, assessment instruments, and practices of occupational therapists. It provides an outline of existing methods therapist use and offersclear directives for how the South African OT would prefer to assess hand function in eh ildren. Emphasis is placed on the need for a contextually relevant instrument and future research in refining existing instruments or developing a new instrument is proposed. Additionally, practitioners provided practical suggestions to guide the development of a contextually relevant instrument for potential use in future instrument development research.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Administration Instructions of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3rd Edition for isiZulu-Speaking Children
Authors: Naude Sumarie , Uys Catharina Jacoba Elizabeth , Bekker Belia Margaretha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Visual perceptual skills are vital for developing academic skills and contribute to language development and socio-cultural participation. The Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3rd Edition evaluates visual perceptual skills but is only available in English. lsiZulu is the most spoken language in South Africa (24,4%), with English being the fourth. Therefore, the English version of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3rd Edition cannot be described as a universally authentic assessment instrument in this context. Methodology: This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3rd Edition administration instructions into isiZulu using a five-stage qualitatively driven multimethod sequen tial design. Qualitative feedback on the functional, cultural and conceptual equivalence was obtained at various intervals. Results: This study demonstrated a methodology for translating and cross-culturally adapting the administration instructions of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3rd Edition into isiZulu to advance the authenticity of the assessment within the South African context. The isiZulu version was found to be functionally, culturally and conceptually equivalent. Conclusion: This research has demonstrated a framework upon which the cross-cultural adaptations of other assessment instruments and other languages in South Africa can be based. Implications for practice • The rigorous methodology demonstrated in this research can be used as a framework to guide other studies in the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of other assessment instruments and into other languages. • This study demonstrated that multiple contributors from various backgrounds are necessary to ensure equivalence during the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation. However, an emphasis is placed on the value of including occupational therapists with clinical experience when translating and cross-culturally adapting assessment instruments intended to be used within the field of occupational therapy. • Through the rigorous method used to translate and cross-cultural adapt the DTVP-3, this study enhanced its authenticity as an assessment instrument within the South African context. Having isiZulu administration instructions available could provide equal opportunity to children who may not be as proficient in English as in isiZulu. • Once a distribution agreement has been reached with ProEd Inc., the original publisher and licence holder, the isiZulu administration instructions of the DTVP-3 will be made available for use in South Africa with isiZulu-speaking children.
Fecal Pellet Mass as a Function of Body Size, Color Morph, and Season in Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818) (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Smith Geoff , Henry Abhishek , Smith Logan , Smith Wesley
Published: January 2024

In plethodontid salamanders, fecal pellets have a variety of behavioral functions related to chemical communication. We examined how fecal pellet mass in the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) varies with body size, color morph, and season. Fecal pellet mass increased with salamander size. Striped P. cinereus produced heavier fecal pellets than unstriped P. cinereus. Fecal pellet size tended to be greater in the spring than in the fall. Our results suggest further investigations of the factors governing fecal pellet size in plethodontid salamanders is warranted.
Ranaviruses in North America: A Brief Review in Wild Herpetofauna
Authors: Bartlett Patricia , Ward Tiffany , Brue Dana , Carey Annastacya , Duffus Amanda
Published: January 2024

Ranaviruses are globally emerging pathogens of poikilothermic vertebrates. They affect over 40 species of amphibians in the USA and at least nine species in Canada. Additionally, ranaviruses have been found in at least eight species of reptiles in the USA and two species in Canada. Several of the species that are known to be affected are listed by state or federal agencies as they are of conservation concern (e.g., Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis and Terrapene carolina carolina). In this brief review, we discuss the diversity and distribution, the species affected, the clinical signs of ranavirus disease (ranavirosis) that one would see in the field, morbidity and mortality events and their likely triggers, and conservation implications from the emergence of ranaviruses in populations of North American herpetofauna. We also would like to stress that ranaviruses are reportable infections in amphibians (according to the OIE, World Health Organization for Animals) and if an infection is suspected, the incident should be reported the proper authorities. Additionally, biosecurity measures should be taken to avoid the spread of ranaviruses between individuals and between field sites.
Diurnal Chorusing in Nine Species of North American Anurans
Authors: MCCALLUM MALCOLM
Published: January 2024

A year-long survey of survey of diurnal frog calling behavior was conducted at the Red River Research and Education Park in Shreveport (Caddo Parish), Louisiana to investigate the prevalence of daytime breeding choruses in the species present at the park.  We determined that 60% (9/15) of species known from the area participated in daytime breeding choruses.  Four of these were new species reports for the behavior.  One species was identified entirely based on a daytime chorus from outside the normal breeding season.  Although we believe daytime chorusing is widespread in frogs, several species did not diurnally chorus during our study.  Diurnal calling may be an important indicator of the peak breeding season for a species and it may also be a useful tool at times when night surveys are impossible.
ПРОВОКАТИВНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ И САМООСУЩЕСТВЛЯЮЩИЙСЯ ПРОГНОЗ
Authors: Васильев Яков Юрьевич
Published: January 2024

Цель статьи — описание ситуации провокативного действия в контексте самоосуществления прогноза. Условия возникновения самоосуществления или саморазрушения прогнозов изучены слабо и требуют особого внимания, так как связаны с улучшением методологии прогнозирования и пониманием процессов, происходящих в социальной реальности. Провокация как форма социального действия может выступать таким условием.

Методологической основой работы выступают сравнительный и предметно-содержательный анализ, системный подход, метод описания и сопоставления отдельных фактов с элементами теоретических положений.

Результаты исследования. На примере истории взаимодействия России и НАТО сделано обоснованное предположение, что провокация как целерациональное действие, или как следствие последовательных решений одностороннего порядка, может порождать ситуацию самоосуществления прогноза. Это возможно в следствие особой детерминации провокативного процесса, вызванного прежде всего аксиологическими основаниями этих действий.

Перспектива исследования связана с дальнейшим углублением наших познаний о механизмах и процессах взаимодействия прогнозов и прогнозируемой реальности.
U-şekilli hatlarda iş yükü dengelemeli tip-2 montaj hattı dengeleme probleminin çözümü için melez tavlama benzetimi-tabu arama algoritmaları
Authors: Arıkan Murat
Published: January 2024

Son yıllarda, tam zamanında üretim felsefesini benimseyen işletmelerin artmasıyla birlikte U-şekilli montaj hatlarının kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Dolayısıyla, U-şekilli montaj hattı dengeleme problemlerinin çözüm yöntemleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar çoğalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iş yükü düzgünleştirme amacını ikincil amaç olarak dikkate alan, tip-2 U-şekilli basit montaj hattı dengeleme probleminin çözümü için, literatürde daha önce geliştirilmiş ve farklı problemler üzerinde etkinliği gösterilmiş olan, iki adet farklı yapıda melez tavlama benzetimi-tabu arama algoritması kullanılmıştır. Biri tavlama benzetimi, diğeri tabu arama üzerine inşa edilmiş bu algoritmalar ilk defa U-şekilli bir montaj hattı dengeleme problemine uygulanmaktadır. Bunun yanında, bu iki melez algoritma, performans karşılaştırma amacıyla, ilk defa bir problemin çözümünde beraberce kullanılmıştır. Melez algoritmaların performansları, literatürden alınmış test problemleri üzerinde, birbirleriyle ve tavlama benzetimi ve tabu arama algoritmalarının saf versiyonlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Hesaplama sonuçları, çekirdeğini tabu aramanın oluşturduğu melez algoritmanın diğerlerine üstünlük sağladığını göstermektedir.
BAF_Protocol_001 In-gel Digestion v1
Authors: not provided nesf
Published: January 2024

This protocol is for in-gel digestion of proteins, including large mixtures, to produce peptides for mass spectrometry analysis. The gel method can be useful for getting rid of detergents or small molecules that might interfere with minimal loss. The input is a gel band up to 1cm x 1cm. The output is a relatively clean peptide digest that is ready for quick cleanup by C18 tip.
Wire Hang Assessment v1
Authors: Sampson Tim , N Krout Ian , White Alexandria
Published: January 2024

The wire hang test for mice is a simple and cheap way to asse motor and neuromotor pathologies in the mouse model. Described herein is an adapted protocol from Deacon 2013.
Pole Test Assessment v1
Authors: N Krout Ian , White Alexandria , Sampson Tim
Published: January 2024

Pole test is a simple behavior test used to assess fine motor coordination. Mice are placed at the top of a 50-60 cm vertical pole with a diameter of 1 cm. The pole is attached to a base that is placed in the home cage so that mice might prefer to descend to the floor of cage. The test is conducted over 3 days: training day 1, training day 2, and test day. Each mouse has 3 trials during the test day as well as on training days. Daily sessions should be consecutive (i.e., do not let training and test days be separated by a weekend). Record each trial on test day with a camera to obtain accurate measures of both time-to-turn (TTT) and total-time-to-descend (TTD).
Marble Burying v1
Authors: Sampson Tim
Published: January 2024

Description: Marble burying is a typical behavior in mice that hasbeen shown to be sensitive to differences based on strain, hippocampal lesions,and biological/chemical treatments1,2,3,4. The marble burying assayis quick and requires no specialized equipment to perform. Marble buryingrelies on the assessment of naturalistic behaviors that have been attributed toanxiety-like or OCD-like movements5. In this assay experimenters will allow mice to freely bury marbles placed on top of bedding, mice will be given a determined amount of time to bury these marbles (30 minutes used by our lab) and the number of marbles remaining uncovered will be quantified and compared between genotypes, treatment groups, ages. Overall, the lack of marble burying is indicative of alterations to natural instincts of mice, suggesting perturbations to neurological systems.
NEURODIREITOS E PRIVACIDADE MENTAL SOB A ÓTICA DO EPISÓDIO ENGENHARIA REVERSA EM BLACK MIRROR:
Authors: Silva Porto Carolina , Nolasco Viana Maria Clara , Cardoso Machado Jaborandy Clara
Published: January 2024

O presente estudo foca nos neurodireitos, especialmente a privacidade mental, e defende a necessidade de regulamentação em nível nacional e internacional. A rápida evolução das tecnologias cerebrais gera preocupações éticas e legais pela falta de normas para guiar a interação entre tecnologia e humanidade. A série Black Mirror, especificamente o episódio "Engenharia Reversa", antecipa os perigos do uso da neurotecnologia. Por isso, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar como os avanços tecnológicos cerebrais e o episódio "Engenharia Reversa" contribuem para a compreensão e promoção dos neurodireitos como categoria de direitos humanos, especialmente sobre a privacidade mental. A pesquisa utilizará uma abordagem qualitativa, incluindo análise da narrativa ficcional e revisão bibliográfica. A pesquisa será dividida em três capítulos: o primeiro explorará a interdisciplinaridade entre direito e arte, destacando pontos-chave do episódio "Engenharia Reversa" e comparando com a realidade atual; o segundo abordará o referencial teórico sobre neurodireitos; e o terceiro debaterá a categorização desses direitos como direitos humanos. Diante do progresso acelerado da neurotecnologia e suas profundas implicações na experiência humana, é essencial reformular os direitos humanos para proteger a atividade cerebral de maneira adequada. Além das regulamentações nacionais, é crucial buscar proteção jurídica internacional, reconhecendo os neurodireitos como uma nova categoria de direitos humanos.
The Verb as a Means of Personification in the Text of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s Novel «The GULAG Archipelago»
Authors: Ananev D.N.
Published: January 2024

The work is devoted to verbal personification as a means of predicate evaluation, which is in demand when analyzing the concept of «GULAG» in A.I. Solzhenitsyn's novel «The GULAG Archipelago». The purpose of the article is to explore verbal personification and ways of expressing it, which are important for the writer to create an image of the GULAG. The object of the study is the text of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's novel «The GULAG Archipelago», the subject is the verb as a means of personification. Description of the procedure and research methods. The text of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's novel «The GULAG Archipelago» examines the role of verbal personification in creating the image of Stalin's camps and the representation of the concept of «GULAG». Methods of observation and comparison, elements of component analysis, contextual, lexicographic analysis are applied. The results of the study: one of the main ways to create an image of the GULAG in the novel by A.I. Solzhenitsyn — verbal personification — was identified and received a multidimensional assessment from a linguistic point of view. It is proved that personifiers become a means of creating an image of the Stalinist camps and its inhabitants (prisoners), which is part of the scope of the concept and image of the «GULAG» and is of interest for linguistic research. Practical/theoretical significance of the study. The results of the research contribute to the study of the language of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's works, expand the understanding of the writer's conceptual sphere and the means of imagery of his texts; they can be applied in the development of the disciplines «Language of fiction», «Stylistics», «Linguistic analysis of text», «Linguistic analysis of literary text» at the university.
The Genesis of Images of Sowing and Reaping in the Battle Text of the Turn of the 18th-19th Century
Authors: Potashova K.A.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with visual metaphors representing military events by analogy with labor actions related to the cultivation of the land and the harvest. The purpose of the study is to identify the literary genesis, semantic component and artistic potential of the images of the battle field and the battle in the battle text of the turn of the 18th-19th century. The material for the study was the works from the «Collection of Poems relating to the unforgettable year 1812», the poetic imagery of which is studied in comparison with biblical metaphors, the tradition of the Old Russian military narrative, classical batalistics. It is determined that, like the Old Russian military story, landscape details are included in the course of military events in the works from the «Collection...», that is why natural images form a significant layer of metaphorics of battle works, endow the poetic text with additional meanings through visual symbolism. It is proved that the visual metaphor with the core «field» and the images associated with it function in the «Collection...» as symbols and emblems associated with the expression of the opposition of war and peace, a visible representation of the victory won. The most frequent plant images in the battle text are fields symbolically associated with life, and gardens allegorically representing the world as paradise. The novelty of the research is seen in the expansion of ideas about the poetics of the visual in Russian literature by considering the mechanisms of visualization of the artistic image in the battle text of the early 19th century.
Budget Law Regulation of Treasury Services for the Budgets Performance of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation and Municipal Entities
Authors: Artyukhin R. E.
Published: January 2024

In 2021, new provisions of the budget legislation concerning treasury services for the execution of budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal entities came into force. Due to the emergence of the treasury payments system, full-fledged servicing of the single budget account was carried out not by the Bank of Russia, but by the Treasury in the treasury payments system. Thus, the function of providing cash services to the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation has undergone a substantial transformation and has acquired a new name — treasury service of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, approaches to the establishment of budget execution options by the Treasury of Russia have been changed in terms of implementation of certain functions of the financial bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (municipal entities) for the budget performance.

The paper examines the ways how the budgetary and legal tasks that arose during the introduction of treasury services for the execution of budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (municipal entities) were solved.
Proposals for Differentiating Remuneration for Patent Holders in the Context of Limiting their Exclusive Rights in Healthcare
Authors: Latyntsev A. V.
Published: January 2024

The paper discusses current issues of legal response to unfair or ineffective actions of patent holders in the exercise of their exclusive rights in the field of healthcare. As a legal response tool in these circumstances, the author proposes not only to limit exclusive rights in accordance with the rules of Art. 1360, 1360.1 and 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, but also differentiate the amount of remuneration (commensurate compensation) due to patent holders. It is proposed to reduce the amount of this remuneration (up to its zeroing) depending on the presence of factors of dishonesty of actions or inaction of patent holders that affected the availability on the Russian market of pharmaceutical and medical goods, works and services in which the corresponding objects of patent protection are used. The proposed differentiation, on the one hand, will stimulate patent holders to take more active steps aimed at ensuring the availability of relevant pharmaceutical and medical goods, works or services on the Russian market. On the other hand, in law enforcement practice, it will respond consistently and more effectively to unfair actions or inaction of rights holders, which led to problems with the availability of highly socially important goods in the healthcare sector. At the same time, it is noted that it is unfair to equalize all foreign patent holders associated with unfriendly countries and to zero the amount of their remuneration in the situations specified in paragraph. 2 clause 2 of the methodology approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 18, 2021 No. 1767 (as amended on March 6, 2022).
Tectonic Duets: Self-Similar Approach to Investigate Eastern Anatolian Fault’s Recent Seismicity, with Special Emphasis on the 6 February 2023 Earthquake Doublet
Authors: Chandriyan Haritha , Roy Paresh Nath Singha
Published: January 2024

Earthquake clusters possess profound potential for discerning antecedent seismic cues. This study examines the self-similarity of earthquakes to characterize recent seismic patterns in the prolonged quiescent Eastern Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). We thoroughly investigate the correlation fractal dimension (Dc) formulated upon the scale-invariant relative clustering in earthquake pattern identification. We provide a comprehensive examination of pre- and postseismicity patterns of the Mw 7.7 Nurdağı-Pazarcık, Mw 7.6 Ekinözü, and Mw 6.7 Elazığ earthquakes, each shattering different segments of the EAFZ. The spatiotemporal fluctuations of Dc suggest the commencement of the preparatory process observed around October 2021 to February 2022 for the 2023 dual catastrophe, whereas in the case of the Mw 6.7 Elazığ, this was witnessed from November 2018. Prior to the 2023 events, low-moderate Dc regions predominated on the Pazarcık segment and Cardak fault. The Pürtürge segment that ruptured with an Mw 6.7 event was within a low Dc area. We identified a consistent relationship between stress levels and Dc for the 2023 twin events and the Mw 6.7 earthquake, with low Dc indicative of high stress. Intriguingly, mainshocks and a substantial proportion of their aftershocks have occurred within areas characterized by low to moderate Dc. Various fault zones like Malatya, Amanos, and Adiyaman are situated in areas with low Dc. The southwestern area of the Amanos segment exhibits clustering, elevated stress levels, and low Dc, followed by the Mw 7.7. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain vigilant monitoring of this region to prevent another disaster.
Aplicación Basada en Realidad Aumentada para Apoyar el Aprendizaje en Matemáticas
Authors: Gomez Gomez Jorge , Herrera Ferrer Diego , Salas Alvarez Daniel , Oviedo Byron
Published: January 2024

El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas es de creciente complejidad teórica y metodológica que, debido al rigor de todos los conceptos, teorías y teoremas, la convierten en una asignatura que muchos estudiantes encuentran difícil y poco atractiva, por lo que es necesario replantear el papel del docente y alumno, hacia la enseñanza de las matemáticas.

El propósito de este estudio fue implementar una aplicación basada en Realidad Aumentada (AR) para mejorar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de grado segundo de básica primaria en el área de matemáticas.  Esta investigación responde a un estudio de tipo cuantitativo bajo un diseño cuasiexperimental. Cuyo proceso metodológico responde en primer lugar a la aplicación de una prueba diagnóstica (pretest) con la intención de identificar el nivel de los estudiantes en cuanto al código matemático, y a partir de ello proseguir con la inserción de la Realidad Aumentada dentro del aula. Seguidamente, la investigación continúa con la apropiación de la aplicación desarrollada por parte de los alumnos y docente a cargo, para así continuar con la aplicación de las actividades para el grupo experimental (grado segundo A) y el grupo control (grado segundo B). Los resultados alcanzados señalan la incidencia significativa que tuvo la implementación de la Realidad Aumentada (RA) puesto que, se obtuvo una aceptación por parte del estudiante y del docente, determinando la influencia de la Realidad Aumentada sobre el aprendizaje, reflejado en la capacidad de los estudiantes para entender código matemático de una forma divertida y animada. Los estudiantes que utilizaron la aplicación desarrollada superaron las deficiencias relacionadas con las operaciones básicas matemáticas, desarrollando habilidades cognitivas que contribuyeron al desempeño exitoso a partir de la implementación de la Realidad Aumentada.
How Social Discrimination and Housing (Un) Affordability Causes Gender-Expansive Homelessness and Policy Recommendations to Ensure that Everyone is Housed
Authors: Soucy Daniel
Published: January 2024

Transgender, gender non-binary and gender-questioning people (gender-expansive) in the United States are more likely than their cisgender counterparts to experience housing precarity and homelessness. While this results from discrimination that limits our access to economic, social and political capital, it also results from a massive gap in the amount of affordable and adequate permanent housing available to all low-income members of our society.
When people are inevitably unable to exceed these barriers to rent or own permanent housing, they rely on the emergency shelter system. Despite a diligent and attentive emergency shelter workforce as well as abundant evidence demonstrating that emergency housing can help stabilize mental health, physical health and financial challenges, there is a systemic lack of funding to keep up with the need for emergency shelter beds. Compounded with incomplete antidiscrimination rules, the emergency shelter system does not serve the needs of low-income, gender-expansive people.
Forensic dentistry- A deep dive in the drop
Authors: Aulakh Basant Kaur , Javed Alina , Sharma Samiksha , Jindal Vikas
Published: January 2024

Teeth can be put to a lot more use than just understanding and evolving dentistry. Teeth can withstand tremendous pressure and extreme conditions providing for an incomparable piece of evidence. The comparison of the ante-mortem and the post-mortem evidences can be used to establish an identity of the required personnel. The oral cavity provides an excellent field to work on when it comes to human identification, age estimation and sex determination. The Bichat’s fat pad, lips, maxillary bones and the teeth protect the palatal rugae hence making them resistant to decomposition and incineration. The palatal rugae are characteristic to every individual. Just like the fingerprints, lip prints are permanent and constant for every individual. Bite marks can be found either on the attacker or the perpetrator. Both lip prints and bite marks account for important evidence for human identification found at the site of crime in the cases of sexual abuse. As the oral cavity serves as a useful source of DNA, latter can be extracted from saliva, the oral mucosal cells and the teeth. This DNA is used for PCR analysis. Dental structures can prove as useful indictors in determining the individual’s chronological age by analysing the tooth development. The sexual dimorphism elicited by various teeth of the human dentition play a major role in sex determination of the individual. The various recent advances like- facial reconstruction, dental identification methods, tongue prints, ameloglyphics make forensic dentistry a convenient and an effective tool in human identification. Forensic dentistry should not only be restricted to the dentists but various team involved in investigations and justice should also be exposed to this arena to avoid any biased and negligent decision making.
The dark web: A hidden menace or a tool for privacy protection
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Mukherjee Debhjit , Moza Bhavika , Pahwa Vaishali , Kaur Kulwinder , Kaur Kamaljeet
Published: January 2024

The dark web has long been a subject of debate, as it raises questions about its covert threats and privacy safeguarding capabilities. It's an internet realm requiring specific software or authorization, notorious for illegal activities and untraceable transactions. Researchers and law enforcement agencies use the dark web for intelligence gathering on cybercriminals, making it crucial in understanding the evolution of the internet and emerging criminal activities. Additionally, studying the dark web helps identify cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.

This research explores the relationship between the dark web and mental health, investigating the public's perception of the dark web as both a hidden menace and a tool for privacy protection. The primary aim is to examine the correlation between public perception and engagement in dark web services, while also exploring potential mental health ramifications.

To collect data, we conducted a survey among university students and regular internet users. The research process involved identifying 18 research questions covering topics such as dark web knowledge, usage frequency, security measures, awareness of government regulations, ability to differentiate legal and illegal content, transaction methods, and understanding the dark web's role in promoting freedom of speech. We collected 158 responses from different departments of Chandigarh University, removing duplicates to retain 156 responses meeting our criteria. Data was compiled in an Excel file for further statistical evaluation.

While the dark web is not widely accessed, users may experience psychological consequences due to its association with cybercrime, disturbing content, and radicalization. This connection leads to heightened anxiety, fear, and distress among users. Concerns about privacy, security, and associated risks further contribute to these apprehensions. Motivations for dark web access, such as curiosity and anonymity, may stem from underlying psychological factors. However, navigating illegal and potentially harmful content can result in emotional turmoil, moral dilemmas, guilt, or shame. These findings highlight the need for public awareness campaigns, educational initiatives, and targeted interventions promoting mental well-being and safe internet practices. Enhancing individuals' knowledge about the dark web's risks and potential psychological consequences empowers them to make informed decisions and protect their mental health in the digital age.
Утомляемость как фактор снижения успеваемости у студентов.
Authors: Максимов А.А. , Толстоухов Т.В.
Published: January 2024

Утомляемость является распространенным явлением в современном высшем образовании и может оказывать негативное влияние на успеваемость студентов. В данной научной статье исследуется вопрос взаимосвязи между утомляемостью и академической успеваемостью студентов. Анализируются факторы, влияющие на утомляемость студентов, и предлагаются возможные меры для снижения ее негативного влияния на успех студентов. В работе также представлен обзор современных исследований и публикаций по данной теме.
Совместное решение задач
Authors: Рафикова А.С.
Published: January 2024

Статья посвящена совместному (коллаборативному) решению задач. Данный подход является сочетанием коллаборативного и проблемно-ориентированного видов обучения. Описаны преимущества данного подхода в обучении. Перечислены условия, необходимые для успешного решения поставленных задач. Рассмотрены модели, описывающие компоненты процесса коллаборативного решения задач.
A brief functional investigation via Sobolev spaces to analyze the behavior of Oseen flow in external domains
Authors: Santos Rômulo Damasclin Chaves dos , Sales Jorge Henrique de Oliveira , Silva Alice Rosa da
Published: January 2024

This work serves as an introductory exploration of Oseen flow, a mathematical and physical framework for modeling fluid dynamics, with a specific focus on viscous substances like liquids or gases. The presented theorem and its associated lemmas are an extension of the foundational theory of potential flow, which is conventionally applied to inviscid fluids. The primary goal in investigating Oseen flow within external domains is to elucidate the influence of viscous effects on flow patterns beyond solid structures. As a result, we prove the existence of generalized solutions when  is a three-dimensional (3D) domain in Stokes problem.
Deconstrucción del lenguaje neoliberal. In memoriam de Manfred Max-Neef
Authors: Pachón Soto Damián
Published: January 2024

El artículo presenta el llamado Desarrollo a Escala Humana de Manfred Max-Neef, su crítica al dogmatismo económico neoliberal y su lenguaje, especialmente a parámetros como el Producto Interno Bruto y el principio del crecimiento económico; revisa, también, la postulación de la economía descalza y su redefinición de las necesidades, entre otros aspectos relacionados. Igualmente, plantea la necesidad de un desarrollo endógeno vital que permita articular lo local y lo nacional, lo particular y lo universal, facilitando construir un modelo económico más integral y respetuoso del medioambiente. A más de cuatro años de su muerte, este texto pretende ser un llamado a revisar su obra y valorar sus aportes, los cuales se inscriben dentro del pensamiento crítico y alternativo latinoamericano como una alternativa decolonial.
Childfree dalam Komunikasi Pranikah Perspektif Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nahl Ayat 72
Authors: Indrawan Yuvelia , Rifa’i Akhmad
Published: January 2024

Childfree in marriage gives rise to pros and cons in Indonesian society. In developed countries, childfree is considered a common part of married life, but it is different when applied in Indonesia, where the majority of Muslims understand Shafi'i that the purpose of marriage is to increase offspring. However, as time goes by, the concept of childfree is increasingly widespread on several social media, including Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. This problem encourages the novelty of research results on the concept of childfree when the thread of analysis of the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an is drawn. The meaning of the Qur'an surah An-Nahl verse 72 explains that Allah created humans in pairs and in pairs, many children and grandchildren were born. This study focuses on the library research method using the interpretation of An-Nahl verse 72 from pre-modern to modern times. The research results explain that the concept of childfree is not justified in Islam. Preventive action to prevent the concept of childfree by relying on premarital communication management. Premarital communication has an important role in finalizing preparations for marriage.
Phenotypic Description of the Native Cattle Found in Maharashtra State: A Review
Authors: Dash Aishwarya , Singh Sanjeev
Published: January 2024

India is rich in the world’s largest and most diverse livestock with about 535.78 million animals. Cattle is a major livestock species in India comprising nearly 36% of the total livestock population. According to 20th livestock census, Maharashtra comprises 13.99 million cattle population, out of which 9.38 million are indigenous and 4.60 million are exotic and crossbred cattle. Maharashtra is divided into nine agro-climatic zones on the basis of annual rainfall, soil type, vegetation and cropping pattern. Due to this climatic diversity, different cattle populations have been developed according to the local demand. Out of total 53 registered cattle breeds, 7 breeds viz., Dangi, Gaolao, Khillar, Red Kandhari, Deoni, Konkan Kapila and Kathani are found in Maharashtra. These breeds are generally draft type and can be used for transport and agriculture. Other cattle populations (nondescript) consist of nearly 67% of the total cattle of the state and Maharashtra ranks 5th position in total nondescript cattle population of India. Indigenous livestock is adapted to the adverse conditions of our country and is resistant to various diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need for identification, characterization, evaluation and documentation of the nondescript populations. Further, admixture level of these populations should be studied for developing suitable breeding and conservation strategies for the breeds and/ populations.
Student Management Based on Islamic Boarding School in Realizing the Character of Pancasila Students
Authors: Anggraini Helda Yusfarina , Zamroni Zamroni
Published: January 2024

The current Pancasila student character program is being promoted as an effort to recover from the crisis of students' character. The presence of student management based on Islamic boarding schools is expected to assist students in achieving the values ​​contained in the Pancasila student character. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe student management based on Islamic boarding schools in realizing the Pancasila student character at SMA Madina Citra Insani Samarinda. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model is used to analyze the data found. The research findings on student management based on Islamic boarding schools in realizing the Pancasila student character begin with the stages: (1) planning, including the determination of character values, socialization, and the arrangement of daily programs; (2) organizing, including the arrangement of the school's organizational structure; (3) implementation, including formal and non-formal education, organizations, and extracurricular activities; (4) supervision by the school principal and the pesantren's astidz. Meanwhile, the program activities include the analysis of student needs (AKPD), new student admissions (PPDB), selection, school environmental introduction period (MPLS), placement and specialization of students, development and guidance of students, reporting on students, as well as graduation and alumni.
SME’s leadership in improving performance
Authors: Ariani Dorothea Wahyu
Published: January 2024

The discussions about leadership and performance never end. Successful leadership (LD) is a causal factor in good individual performance (IP). However, how it affects still requires a lot of proof. This research examined the influence of LD on IP both directly and mediated by individual internal variables. This research examined the mediating variables of the influence of LD on IP. The research was conducted on 416 employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested. Once the data meets the requirements of the multiple linear regression test, the multiple linear regression (MLR) method was carried out to test the direct influence of LD, motivation (MT) and job satisfaction (JS) on IP. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with a two-step approach was used to test the mediation model. Increased IP is not immediately caused by LD. However, leaders can increase MT and JS directly. MT consistently improves IP, but JS has no effect on IP. The results of this study strengthen the results of previous research that the influence of LD on IP is mediated by MT and JS. A discussion of the results of this research is presented after the presentation of the analysis of the research results.
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis regulates Th1/Th2 balance through the JAK-STAT pathway in growing mice
Authors: Ding Mengfan , Li Bowen , Chen Haiqin , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine , Jiang Shilong , Zhao Jianxin , Chen Wei , Yang Bo
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a dominant bacterium in infant gut, which plays a critical role in maintaining the health and development of infants. This study investigated the abilities of eight different strains of B. longum subsp. infantis to regulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance.

Methods: Eight B . longum subsp. infantis strains, including I2MI (FJSWXI2MIM1), I4MI [FJSWXI4MI (CCFM1270)], I4MNI (FJSWXI4MNIM1), I5TI (FJSWXI5TIM1), I6TI (FJSWXI6TIM1), I8TI [FJSWXI8TI (CCFM1271)], I10TI [FJSWXI10TI (CCFM1272)], and B6MNI [BJSWXB6MNIM1 (CCFM1269)], were gavaged to BALB/C pups in both female (n = 8) and male (n = 8) mice starting from 1 to 3 weeks old (1 × 109 CFU/day/mice). Selected immune cells were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cytokines and immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA. Bacterial and bifidobacterial communities were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bifidobacterial groEL sequencing.

Results: B . longum subsp. infantis I4MI and I8TI were shown to increase the ration of colonic IgG2a/IgE in male mice (P < 0.05). B6MNI was demonstrated to significantly increase the levels of colonic IFN-γ and IgG2a, as well as the ratio of IgG2a/IgE in female mice (P < 0.05). It was also shown to significantly increase the ratio of colonic IgG2a/IgE (P < 0.05) and reduce the level of colonic IL-4 in male mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, B6MNI was demonstrated to regulate colonic JAK/STAT pathway in both male and female mice. I4MI, I5TI, and B6MNI were shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in both male and female mice, whereas I8TI was only shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in male mice (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results indicated supplementation with B. longum subsp. infantis in early infancy may regulate the Th1/Th2 immune balance, which may prevent the development of related diseases.
Modeling of Liquid Fuel Production from Water Hyacinths and Waste Tires: A Comparative Study of Direct and Indirect Methods
Authors: Aentung Tanawat , Thongchawee Anutida , Wu Wei , Patcharavorachot Yaneeporn
Published: January 2024

Integrating sustainable processes and innovative waste utilization not only addresses environ-mental challenges but also aligns with evaluating energy sustainability and creating the circular waste management. This study presents a comparative analysis of liquid fuel production from waste tires and water hyacinth using two thermochemical methods: co-pyrolysis (direct method) and co-gasification integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process (indirect method). The As-pen Plus simulation software version 9 is employed to develop models, determining optimal operating conditions for maximum liquid fuel, and assessing economic viability. Co-pyrolysis simulations reveal an increase in oil products and a decrease in gas products with higher blending weight ratios of waste tires/water hyacinth (W/B) and lower pyrolyser temperatures. Operating at 400°C with a blending weight ratio of 75:25 provided the maximum liquid fuel rate of 6649.22 gal/day. For co-gasification, optimal conditions (W/B = 50:50, T = 800°C, steam to feed ratio (S/F) = 1) result in the highest syngas yield of 115.92 kmol/h. Fischer-Tropsch simulations demonstrate an increase in gasoline and a decrease in diesel with rising reactor temperatures. At 230°C, the maximum liquid fuel rate reaches 8817.15 gal/day. The economic and production yield analysis indicates that the indirect method better than the direct method, providing higher liquid fuel yields and investment worthiness.
Migratory Securitization and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil during 2020
Authors: Rosier Jean Samuel
Published: January 2024

In the year in which the world "stopped" due to the pandemic, many people didn't have that option and had to keep moving as the only alternative to survive. One of the main destinations in South America, during the quarantine measures established around the world, was Brazil, especially because of the crisis Venezuela went through in the second half of the 2010s. Throughout the research, we observed measures that were applied by the Brazilian government on the grounds of public health issues or cases of health risks related to COVID-19. An analysis of the first measures published by the Brazilian government reveals an effort to securitize borders, which at the same time restricted the government's responsibility to fulfil its role of protecting migrants in need.