bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: The Trauma Outcomes Project, a prospective study of New Zealanders experiencing major trauma
Authors: Owen Helen E , Wyeth Emma H , Maclennan Brett , Barson David , McBride Paul , Gabbe Belinda J , Civil Ian , Derrett Sarah
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are useful for trauma registries interested in monitoring patient outcomes and trauma care quality. PROMs had not previously been collected by the New Zealand Trauma Registry (NZTR). More than 2500 New Zealanders are admitted to hospital for major trauma annually. The Trauma Outcomes Project (TOP) collected PROMs postinjury from three of New Zealand’s (NZ’s) major trauma regions. This cohort profile paper aims to provide a thorough description of preinjury and 6 month postinjury characteristics of the TOP cohort, including specifically for Māori (Indigenous population in Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu/NZ).

Participants

Between July 2019 and June 2020, 2533 NZ trauma patients were admitted to one of 22 hospitals nationwide for major trauma and included on the NZTR. TOP invited trauma patients (aged ≥16 years) to be interviewed from three regions; one region (Midlands) declined to participate. Interviews included questions about health-related quality of life, disability, injury recovery, healthcare access and household income adequacy.

Findings to date

TOP recruited 870 participants, including 119 Māori. At 6 months postinjury, most (85%) reported that the injury still affected them, 88% reported problems with≥1 of five EQ-5D-5L dimensions (eg, 75% reported problems with pain or discomfort, 71% reported problems with usual activities and 52% reported problems with mobility). Considerable disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS II, score ≥10) was reported by 45% of participants. The prevalence of disability among Māori participants was 53%; for non-Māori it was 44%. Over a quarter of participants (28%) reported trouble accessing healthcare services for their injury. Participation in paid work decreased from 63% preinjury to 45% 6 months postinjury.

Future plans

The 12 and 24 month postinjury data collection has recently been completed; analyses of 12 month outcomes are underway. There is potential for longer-term follow-up interviews with the existing cohort in future. TOP findings are intended to inform the National Trauma Network’s quality improvement processes. TOP will identify key aspects that aid in improving postinjury outcomes for people experiencing serious injury, including importantly for Māori.
Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Swiss Paediatric survivors and their Families (PICSS-PF): a national, multicentre, longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Rahmaty Zahra , Manning Joseph C , Perez Maria-Helene , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) survivors and their families often experience widespread morbidity and psychosocial consequences after discharge, known as post-intensive care syndrome in paediatrics (PICS-p). In Switzerland, more than 5000 children are admitted to PICUs each year, and despite the high survival rate, there are no data on post-PICU recovery. This study aims to investigate PICS in children and families and identify its associated factors.

Methods and analysis

This is a national, multicentre, longitudinal, observational study that includes PICU survivors, main family caregivers and siblings (n=1300) recruited from the eight Swiss accredited PICUs with follow-up at discharge, 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge from the PICU. Data will be collected on the domains of physical, emotional, social and cognitive health, as well as factors affecting the outcome related to demographics, clinical specification, PICU and family environment, as well as community and social resources. Structural equation models and growth mixture models will analyse the outcomes, and the heterogeneity of recovery that shed light on the diverse recovery experiences of children and their families. The study identifies risk and protective factors with a focus on the influence of social and familial resources. It will also explore the mutual impact of the child’s recovery and parent/sibling psychosocial health.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol is approved by the CER-VD ethics committee. Participants will be provided with verbal and written explanations of the study, and their privacy and anonymity will be protected throughout the process. The results will be presented at local and international conferences.

Approval number

Swiss ethics committees ID: 2022-02128, representing the eight cantons for both French and German-speaking parts of Switzerland.
Hidden sodium in effervescent-tablet dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kunz Michael , Götzinger Felix , Jacobs Cathy M , Lauder Lucas , Ukena Christian , Meyer Markus R , Laufs Ulrich , Schulz Martin , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix
Published: November 2023

Objective

Dietary sodium intake represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The study sought to analyse the sodium content of effervescent dietary supplements and drugs in Germany and the USA.

Design

Comparative cross-sectional study.

Setting and methods

The sodium content of 39 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in Germany was measured in May and June 2022 using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. The sodium content of 33 common pharmacy-only effervescent tablets (over-the-counter (OTC) drugs) in Germany was obtained from the summary of product characteristics. We compared the sodium content of the measured German dietary supplement effervescent tablets to that of 51 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in the USA (data: National Institutes of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database).

Results

The measured sodium content in the German dietary supplements was 283.9±122.6 mg sodium/tablet, equivalent to 14±6% of the maximum recommended daily sodium intake (MRDSI). Vitamin products had the highest (378.3±112.8 mg, 19±6% of MRDSI), and calcium products had the lowest mean sodium content (170.4±113.2 mg, 9±6% of MRDSI). Vitamin products contained significantly more sodium than magnesium (378.3 mg vs 232.7 mg; p=0.004), calcium (378.3 mg vs 170.4 mg; p=0.006) and mineral products (378.3 mg vs 191.6 mg; p=0.048). The sodium content measured in products available in Germany was higher when compared with the declared sodium content on the label of the products sold in the USA (283.9 mg vs 190.0 mg; p<0.001). The median summary of product characteristics-declared sodium content of a single dose of the German OTC drugs was 157.0 mg (IQR: 98.9–417.3 mg); pain/common cold drugs contained the most sodium (median: 452.1 mg; IQR: 351.3–474.0 mg).

Conclusion

Effervescent tablets of nutritional supplements and OTC drugs contain high amounts of sodium, which often is not disclosed.
Effect of women’s literacy status on maternal healthcare services utilisation in Ethiopia: a stratified analysis of the 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Handebo Simegnew , Demie Takele Gezahegn , Gessese Getachew Tilahun , Woldeamanuel Berhanu Teshome , Biratu Tolesa Diriba
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa with 533 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, accounting for 68% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Most maternal deaths could be prevented by adequate maternal health service use. The study examined the effect of literacy status on maternal health services utilisation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Settings

Ethiopia.

Participants

A weighted sample of 3839 reproductive-age women who gave birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey and whose literacy status was measured were included in this study. The survey used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

This study used a dataset from the recent Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Surveys. We assessed the maternal health service utilisation among reproductive-age women. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the association between literacy status and maternal healthcare utilisation while controlling for other factors. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported.

Results

About 63.8% of reproductive-age women were illiterate. The prevalence of antenatal care (ANC) 1, ANC 4, skilled birth attendance and postnatal care (PNC) services utilisation was 74.9%, 43.5%, 51.9% and 32.0%, respectively. Literate women had significantly higher ANC 1, ANC 4, skilled birth attendance, and PNC services utilisation than illiterate women (p<0.001). Regional variation, wealth status, age at first birth, birth order and birth intervals were significantly associated with maternal healthcare utilisation among both literate and illiterate women. Similarly, ANC booking timing and utilisation, age of household head and religious affiliation were associated with institutional delivery and PNC utilisation.

Conclusion

Literate women had a significantly higher maternal healthcare services utilisation than illiterate, modified by sociodemographic and obstetric-related factors. Hence, wholehearted efforts should be directed towards educating and empowering women.
Machine learning facilitates the prediction of long-term mortality in patients with tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Deb Brototo , Scott Christopher , Pislaru Sorin V , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Kane Garvan Christopher , Alkhouli Mohamad , Crestanello Juan A , Arruda-Olson Adelaide , Pellikka Patricia A , Anand Vidhu
Published: November 2023

Objective

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent valve disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to apply machine learning (ML) to assess risk stratification in patients with ≥moderate TR.

Methods

Patients with ≥moderate TR on echocardiogram between January 2005 and December 2016 were retrospectively included. We used 70% of data to train ML-based survival models including 27 clinical and echocardiographic features to predict mortality over a 3-year period on an independent test set (30%). To account for differences in baseline comorbidities, prediction was performed in groups stratified by increasing Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Permutation feature importance was calculated using the best-performing model separately in these groups.

Results

Of 13 312 patients, mean age 72 ± 13 years and 7406 (55%) women, 7409 (56%) had moderate, 2646 (20%) had moderate–severe and 3257 (24%) had severe TR. The overall performance for 1-year mortality by 3 ML models was good, c-statistic 0.74–0.75. Interestingly, performance varied between CCI groups, (c-statistic = 0.774 in lowest CCI group and 0.661 in highest CCI group). The performance decreased over 3-year follow-up (average c-index 0.78). Furthermore, the top 10 features contributing to these predictions varied slightly with the CCI group, the top features included heart rate, right ventricular systolic pressure, blood pressure, diuretic use and age.

Conclusions

Machine learning of common clinical and echocardiographic features can evaluate mortality risk in patients with TR. Further refinement of models and validation in prospective studies are needed before incorporation into the clinical practice.
Primary versus iatrogenic (post-PCI) coronary microvascular dysfunction: a wire-based multimodal comparison
Authors: Hasdemir Hakan , Taş Ahmet , Cevik Erdem , Alan Yaren , Broyd Christopher J , Ozcan Alp , Sonsoz Mehmet R , Kara Ilke , Demirtakan Zeynep G , Parker Kim , Perera Divaka , Umman Sabahattin , Sezer Murat
Published: November 2023

Background

Although there are studies examining each one separately, there are no data in the literature comparing the magnitudes of the iatrogenic, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-induced, microvascular dysfunction (Type-4 CMD) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the setting of ischaemia in non-obstructed coronary arteries (INOCA) (Type-1 CMD).

Objectives

We aimed to compare the characteristics of Type-1 and Type-4 CMD subtypes using coronary haemodynamic (resistance and flow-related parameters), thermodynamic (wave energy-related parameters) and hyperemic ECG changes.

Methods

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) value of <2.5 was defined as CMD in both groups. Wire-based multimodal perfusion markers were comparatively analysed in 35 patients (21 INOCA/CMD and 14 CCS/PCI) enrolled inNCT05471739study.

Results

Both groups had comparably blunted CFR values per definition (2.03±0.22 vs 2.11±0.37; p: 0.518) and similar hyperemic ST shift in intracoronary ECG (0.16±0.09 vs 0.18±0.07 mV; p: 0.537). While the Type-1 CMD was characterised with impaired hyperemic blood flow acceleration (46.52+12.83 vs 68.20+28.63 cm/s; p: 0.017) and attenuated diastolic microvascular decompression wave magnitudes (p=0.042) with higher hyperemic microvascular resistance (p<0.001), Type-4 CMD had blunted CFR mainly due to higher baseline flow velocity due to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (33.6±13.7 vs 22.24±5.3 cm/s; p=0.003).

Conclusions

The perturbations in the microvascular milieu seen in CMD in INOCA setting (Type-1 CMD) seem to be more prominent than that of seen following elective PCI (Type-4 CMD), although resulting reversible ischaemia is equally severe in the downstream myocardium.
Cooperative aerial search by an innovative optimized map-sharing algorithm
Authors: Karimi Samine , Saghafi Fariborz
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the problem of cooperative search and tracking by multiple flying vehicles is studied. An algorithm is proposed based on optimal planning by minimizing a suitably defined cost function. In order to define the cost function, three maps are proposed: uncertainty map, detection probability map, and emitter map. In the uncertainty map, the geometrical status of the vehicle with respect to the region is considered and its suitability is measured. The detection probability map is defined such that the group of vehicles can detect new emitters that appear in their sensors’ coverage. Finally, the emitter map is a tool to keep tracking the detected emitters with acceptable error while searching the region. The assumption that the vehicles are equipped with only one commonly used radar range indicator sensor makes the proposed algorithms more applicable in the real world for a cost-effective system. The efficiency of the proposed method from the search, detection, and tracking points of view is verified through simulations.
Spectroscopic survey of higher-lying states of $$B_c$$ meson family
Authors: Li Xue-Jian , Li Yu-Shuai , Wang Fu-Lai , Liu Xiang
Published: November 2023

In this work, we investigate the complete spectroscopy of the $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons, with a special focus on the consideration of the unquenched effects. To account for such effects, we employ the modified Godfrey–Isgur model and introduce a screening potential. The resulting mass spectrum of the concerned higher $$B_c$$

B
c

states is then presented, showing significant deviations after considering the unquenched effects. This emphasizes the importance of considering the unquenched effects when studying of the higher $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons. Furthermore, we determine the corresponding spatial wave functions of these $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons, which have practical applications in subsequent studies of their decays. These decays include two-body Okuba–Zweig–Iizuka allowed strong decays, dipion transitions between $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons, radiative decays, and some typical weak decays. With the ongoing high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, we expect the discovery of additional $$B_c$$

B
c

states in the near future. The knowledge gained from the mass spectrum and the different decay modes will undoubtedly provide valuable insights for future experimental explorations of these higher $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons.
Electron injection into superconducting trivalent fullerides close to the Mott transition boundary
Authors: Matsui Keisuke , Yoshikane Naoya , Terzidou Anastasia G. V. , Arvanitidis John , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Prassides Kosmas
Published: November 2023

To date, superconductivity in fullerides has been almost exclusively tuned by (chemical or physical) pressure control of the conduction bandwidth, W at half filling. This contrasts sharply with the extensive control of the superconducting transition temperature, [Formula: see text] in atom-based superconductors such as the cuprates and iron pnictides and chalcogenides via changes in valence (bandfilling). Here, we investigate the effect of doping away from the exactly half-filled [Formula: see text] level in quaternary face-centered-cubic (fcc) — structured fulleride solids with nominal composition ([Formula: see text]Csx)[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), in which divalent [Formula: see text] ions partially replace monovalent alkali [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ions. The resulting charged-modified fullerides in which the [Formula: see text] bandwidth is also varied with changing x show a dome-shaped dependence of [Formula: see text] on interfullerene separation in analogy with their half-filled antecedents. However, following electron injection beyond half-filling, the superconductivity dome is found to shift towards shorter interfullerene separations, i.e. towards increased conduction bandwidths.
Study of structural, elastic, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of Heusler Mn2NiAl: Ab initio calculations
Authors: El Krimi Y. , Masrour R.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we will investigate the structural, electronic, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties of Heusler Mn2NiAl (MNA) compound using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) of the full potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for exchange and use correlations, modified Becke–Johnson and GGA+U Hubbard parameter. The calculated band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) of MNA showed a metallic (GGA), nearly half-metallic (mBJ) and half metallic (GGA+U) behavior. Moreover, the magnetic computed magnetic moments by GGA+U are higher compared to GGA and mBJ results. Bulk modulus, shear modulus, Voigt and Reuss polycrystalline elastic modulus, Debye temperature, sound velocities, the melting temperatures, [Formula: see text] ratio, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were obtained. The elastic anisotropy of MNA alloy was analyzed using 2D and 3D figures of directional dependence of Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, linear compressibility and Young’s modulus. Studies have shown that the Heusler material MNA has magnetic and anisotropic properties and is mechanically stable.
A novel dual-band–high-gain terahertz MIMO antenna
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yonggang , Liang Lanju , Yao Haiyun , Yan Xin , Tian Zhongjun , Li Zhenhua , Wang Ziqun , Hu Xiaofei , Cao Xin , Yin Kehao , Liu Wei , Feng Zhenwei , Huang Chengcheng
Published: November 2023

In this study, a terahertz dual-band–high-gain, multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) antenna with two and four input ports was realized, with gain values of up to 7.16[Formula: see text]dBi and 6.44[Formula: see text]dBi, respectively. This represents an increase in gain of 102.4% and 81.8%, respectively, compared to single-input port antennas. By calculating and analyzing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain, the two MIMO antennas achieved perfect impedance matching at their resonance points. Moreover, the interference between the elements of the MIMO antenna was small, and an isolation effect between the units was realized. These MIMO antennas can achieve multiple input signals to regulate the antenna radiation performance and improve signal strength and quality. In addition, they possess good development prospects for achieving high-speed data transmission in the terahertz band and in mobile communication.
Exploring factors influencing investment satisfaction: A study of women investors in Chennai city
Authors: Sushmitha K. , Jayabal A.
Published: November 2023

Investment is the action of saving something at present for the probability of earning return in future. Women have broken various personal and social hindrances to earn and manage their money for the purpose of safeguarding their future. The factors that highly influence investment satisfaction include profitability, liquidity, tax implications, investment risk, investment stability, investment regulation, investment location, investment decision and investment service provider. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that influence the investor’s satisfaction towards various investment avenues. It is very much challenging for the companies and various financial marketers, to understand the factors that influence the satisfaction of women investors. In order to earn return, the investors choose the suitable investment option based on their income and savings pattern. Factor analysis, linear multiple regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance have been used for data analysis. The result of the study states that various demographic factors and investment details influence the investment satisfaction of women investors.
Depression and Breast Cancer in Morocco: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Benallel Khadija , El Kilali Rajae , Benjelloun Roukaya , Kadiri Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Background. Depression is frequently associated with breast cancer. However, its prevalence and impact on patients’ quality of life are negligible. Depression is often underdiagnosed and less treated. Objectives. Our study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients, describing their sociodemographic and clinical profile, and determining the factors associated with this depression. Material and Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, conducted from January to March 2018 at Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat. The survey included 100 breast cancer patients. It was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview test (MINI test) to diagnose depression and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess its severity. Results. The major depressive episode was diagnosed in 26% of breast cancer patients. Age under 40, psychiatric history, metastatic breast cancer, refusal of treatment, heavier treatment, and spousal alteration were the factors most associated with higher depression prevalence in these patients. Discussion and Conclusion. The high prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients, as well as the influence of personal characteristics and treatment in the occurrence of this ailment, has been confirmed by several authors. It is recommended to improve the psychooncological care of patients with breast cancer, to prevent the occurrence of depression in this vulnerable population.
Role of Goldenberry (Fruits with Husk) Extract in Ameliorating the Architecture and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells in Obese Rats
Authors: Abdelmottaleb Moussa Sherif A. , Aziz Samir W. , Abd El-Latif Noha A. , Bashandy Samir A. E. , Elbaset Marawan A. , Afifi Sherif M. , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , El Toumy Sayed A. , Salib Josline Y.
Published: November 2023

Goldenberry (GB) is a promising fruit that can be a constituent in many possible nourishments. No notifications were obtained regarding the impact of exposure to goldenberry extract in the viewpoint of blood rheological properties as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBCs) in obese rats. A substantial reduction in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL, with a considerable increment in HDL levels relative to the obese group (p ≤ 0.05), was observed in rats receiving low and high doses of GB, accompanied by restoration of SOD activity and GSH levels. Rheological parameters of rats’ blood have been studied over a wide range of shear rates (225–1875 s–1). A significant decrease in blood viscosity in rats who received low and high doses of GB extract was compatible with every shear rate compared to the control group. The shear stress values of the obese rats reduced appreciably (p ≤ 0.05) in all values of shear rate (from 75 to 500 s-1) proportional to the control group, while in the groups that received low and high doses of GB extract, shear stress was restored to the control values. Finally, administration of GB extract significantly decreased yield stress and indices of whole blood aggregation, with an extremely substantial increment in flow rate, in rats given low or high doses of GB compared to obese ones. The result also showed a decrease in both the average raised osmotic fragility and the hemolysis rate in rats after supplementation with low and high doses of GB extract.
Physical Techniques to Remove Residual Stone Fragments in the Urinary System
Authors: Qiu Minhua , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yingying , Liang Taisheng , Chen Jibing , Gao Hongjun
Published: November 2023

Background: Although significant progress has been made in treatment techniques for renal and ureteral calculi, residual fragments (RF) persisting long after treatment pose a serious threat to patients’ health. A variety of novel physical techniques and extraction devices are currently being developed to promote the removal of RF from the urinary system, and a series of in vivo experiments have demonstrated their safety and efficacy. Summary: External physical vibration lithecbole, magnetic extraction, biocompatible stone adhesive-based methods, and ultrasonic propulsion technologies are examples of innovative therapies that can promote the clearance of RF and improve the stone-free rate. In conclusion, the physical treatment of these RF needs to be optimized and improved. They are a promising technique for improving the efficiency of endovascular urology, and further in vivo studies are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy. Key Messages: We have summarized the literature on removal of RF by physical methods in recent years, especially the new progress.
Thioredoxin Reductase 2 Variant as a Cause of Micropenis, Undescended Testis, and Selective Glucocorticoid Deficiency
Authors: Patjamontri Supitcha , Lucas-Herald Angela K. , McMillan Martin , Prasad Rathi , Metherell Louise A. , McGowan Ruth , Tobias Edward S. , Ahmed S. Faisal
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Variants in genes that play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in adrenocortical cells may be associated with glucocorticoid deficiency, and it is unclear whether these cases may be associated with a wider phenotype. However, to date, only 1 case of a genetic variant in thioredoxin reductase type 2 (TXNRD2) in a South Asian kindred with familial glucocorticoid deficiency has been reported. Case Presentation: The index case was diagnosed with selective glucocorticoid deficiency at 10 years of age. He had a history of a small penis and a right undescended testis, which subsequently required an orchidopexy. The parents were of Pakistani origin and first cousins. The boy’s gonadal function was normal and autosomal recessive missense homozygous variants p.Val361Met;Val361Met in TXNRD2 were identified in him by whole-genome sequencing. Functional studies were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient, unaffected parents, and four age-matched healthy boys. Compared to the carriers and controls, the case had lower TXNRD2 protein on immunoblotting using anti-TXNRD2 antibody (1.3-fold), 95% CI: 1.8 (1.5–2.1), lower mRNA expression of TXNRD2 on quantitative RT-PCR (1.6-fold), 95% CI: 1.1 (0.7–1.4), and a lower glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio (6.7-fold), 95% CI: 2.0 (1.6–2.4). Conclusions: In addition to confirming the critical role that TXNRD2 serves in maintaining adrenal function, by reporting the findings of atypical genitalia, this case further extends the phenotype.
How Often Do Patients Need Retreatment After Surgery for Subdural Hematoma? A Nationwide Readmission Database Analysis
Authors: Nazari Pouya , Golnari Pedram , Metcalf‐Doetsch William N. , Potts Matthew B. , Jahromi Babak S.
Published: November 2023

Background

The incidence of subdural hematoma is increasing as the average age in the United States rises, with reported high recurrence and reoperation rates. We therefore aimed to have a better understanding of retreatment following surgical evacuation of subdural hematoma in real‐world practice.

Methods

Data were extracted from the latest available Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016–2019). Adult patients diagnosed with subdural hematoma who had burr‐hole or craniotomy were included in the study.

Results

Retreatment rates were relatively low in both cohorts, with patients in the burr‐hole cohort having a slightly higher rate of retreatment compared with the craniotomy cohort (8.4% versus 6.6%,
P
<0.001). The majority (>95%) of retreatments occurred within 90 days of initial treatment, and further follow‐up did not demonstrably increase retreatment on Kaplan–Meier analysis. Retreatment rates remained consistent during the 4‐year study period in both burr‐hole (7.2%–10.4%), and craniotomy cohorts (6.4%–6.8%).

Conclusions

Analysis of a large national database of unselected patients shows retreatment rates after surgery for subdural hematoma are lower than suggested by prior studies. Almost all retreatments occur within 90 days after initial treatment, which may have implications for length of follow‐up for such patients.
Disappearing repositories – taking an infrastructure perspective on the long-term availability of research data
Authors: Strecker Dorothea , Pampel Heinz , Schabinger Rouven , Weisweiler Nina Leonie
Published: November 2023

Currently, there is limited research investigating the phenomenon of research data repositories being shut down, and the impact this has on the long-term availability of data. This paper takes an infrastructure perspective on the preservation of research data by using a registry to identify 191 research data repositories that have been closed and presenting information on the shutdown process.

The results show that 6.2 % of research data repositories indexed in the registry were shut down. The risks resulting in repository shutdown are varied. The median age of a repository when shutting down is 12 years. Strategies to prevent data loss at the infrastructure level are pursued to varying extent. 44 % of the repositories in the sample migrated data to another repository, and 12 % maintain limited access to their data collection. However, both strategies are not permanent solutions.

Finally, the general lack of information on repository shutdown events as well as the effect on the findability of data and the permanence of the scholarly record are discussed.

Peer Review

https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00277
Ultrastructural observation of digestive tract and the adaptative characteristics of dietary habits for ground-dwelling and omnivorous insects
Authors: JIA JUNXIA , WEI ZHAOMING , MA LI-BIN
Published: November 2023

The digestive tract of insects from mouth to anus is the crop, proventriculus, gastric caecum, midgut, ileum, colon and rectum, and the Malpighian tubules attached to the ileum belong to the excretory organs. As the main organs for digesting food and absorbing nutrients, the structure of the insect digestive tract is inevitably adapted to feeding habits. Among the Orthoptera, the digestive tracts of phytophagous locusts and carnivorous katydids have been studied for their adaptations to their food habits, while the adaptations of the digestive tracts of omnivorous insects have been less studied. In order to systematically study the adaptations of the digestive tracts of ground-nesting omnivorous insects to their feeding habits, this study was carried out with Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure, 1877, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura, 1951), and Velarifictorus micado (Saussure, 1877). Through the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a VHX digital microscope, the digestive tract structures of these three most widespread and common omnivorous crickets in China were examined in order to better understand how omnivorous insects’ digestive tract structures differ from those of specialists. When we compared the morphological features of these crickets’ digestive tracts to those of phytophagous and carnivorous insects, we discovered six adaptive traits of omnivorous insects, including: (1) they have a shorter foregut and longer midgut and hindgut; (2) they have a well-developed muscular intestinal wall; (3) the spines in the inner wall of their crop are uniformly arranged and less chitinized; (4) the proventriculus is sclerotized and spherical, and the inner wall is accompanied by ossified large teeth; (5) they have well-developed cilia at the base of the crop and at the base of the ossified denticles; (6) they have only two lobulated gastric caeca. The study summarizes six characteristics of the digestive tract of omnivorous crickets that are compatible with their food habits, providing evidence and clues for further research on the relationship between the digestive tract and food habits in Orthoptera.
Description of a new species of Deinodryinus from Ecuador: D. hubeni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: OLMI MASSIMO
Published: November 2023

A new species of Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907, D. hubeni sp. nov., is described from Ecuador, Tungurahua Province. The new species can be recognized by having the antennal setae shorter than breadth of antennomeres, the face completely sculptured by subparallel longitudinal keels, the paramere with distal extremity covered with sensorial lamellae and with inner proximal branch covered with lamellae and wrapping penis. The male holotype is compared with the known males of all other Neotropical species of the same genus. The key to the Neotropical males of Deinodryinus is modified to include this new species.
Unlocking the Secrets of Longevity: Exploring the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Health Resources on Life Expectancy in Oman and Qatar
Authors: Wirayuda Anak Agung Bagus , Jarallah Shaif , Al-Mahrezi Abdulaziz , Alsamara Mouyad , Barkat Karim , Chan Moon Fai
Published: November 2023

In an era marked by a sweeping pandemic and the encroaching shadow of an energy crisis, the well-being and lifespan of global populations have become pressing concerns for every nation. This research zeroes in on life expectancy (LE), a powerful indicator of societal health in Oman and Qatar. Our study juxtaposes 3 key factors affecting LE: health status and resources (HSR), macroeconomics (ME), and sociodemographic (SD) factors. To achieve this, we tapped into a comprehensive data set from the World Bank, encompassing a transformative 3-decade span from 1990 to 2020. The intricate interplay between these factors and LE was deciphered through robust Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Our findings construct a compelling narrative: ME has an indirect yet considerable influence on LE—manifesting with an effect of 0.602 for Oman and 0.676 for Qatar. This influence is mediated by SD and HSR components. Similarly, SD elements impact LE indirectly—with an effect of 0.653 for Oman and 0.759 for Qatar— this effect is mediated by HSR. In contrast, HSR themselves wield a robust and direct influence on LE, indicated by an effect of 0.839 for Oman and 0.904 for Qatar. All these aforementioned effects were statistically substantial ( P < .001). Our research magnifies the robust direct influence of HSR on LE in both Oman and Qatar, simultaneously highlighting the noteworthy indirect role of ME and SD factors. This emphasizes the significance of adopting an integrated policy approach that considers all the SD, ME, and HSR factors to improve the population health in both countries, which are also crucial for promoting LE growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council region.
Evaluation of the Safety of Slow IV Push Versus Slow IV Infusion Administration of 23.4% Sodium Chloride
Authors: Iskaros Olivia , Arnouk Serena , Papadopoulos John , Merchan Cristian
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose

Increased intracranial pressure due to cerebral edema is a medical emergency in which 23.4% sodium chloride (23.4% NaCl) may be a lifesaving intervention. Currently, safety data is limited on slow IV push (IVP) administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IVP administration of 23.4% NaCl and determine the number of infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs) compared to slow IV infusion (SIV) administration.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients who received a dose of 23.4% NaCl at the (removed institution) from January 2015 to June 2020 as either SIV over 30 minutes or IVP over 2-5 minutes.

Results

In total, 81 patients, 55 in the IVP group and 26 in the SIV group, were included in the analysis. There was a significantly faster time from order entry to dose completion (IVP 25 [13,58] vs SIV 73 [55,113] minutes, P < .001). There was no difference in IRAEs between the groups (IVP 17 [31%] vs SIV 6 [23%], P = .466). Hypotension was most common (IVP 13 [24%] vs SIV 5 [19%], P = .656) followed by bradycardia (IVP 6 [11%] vs SIV 1 [4%], P = .291). There were no extravasations reported.

Conclusions

Overall, among a cohort of patients with cerebral edema, we found no difference in the incidence of IRAEs between SIV and IVP administration of 23.4% NaCl, and found a faster time to complete administration fssor the latter. In emergent scenarios where time may impact neurologic function, 23.4% NaCl administered IVP may be an alternative to SIV administration.
Implementation of eLearning solutions for patients with chronic pain conditions
Authors: Philpot Lindsey M. , Ahrens Desiree J. , Eastman Ryan J. , Mohabbat Arya B. , Mosman Elton A. , Ramar Priya , Reinschmidt Karen J. , Roellinger Daniel L. , Ebbert Jon O.
Published: November 2023

Background

Digital and mobile (mHealth) solutions are online or application-based services intended to support individuals with health needs. Despite evidence supporting the use of mHealth for patients with chronic pain, and the increasing desire of these types of solutions by both patients and providers, adoption of mHealth solutions remains limited. Implementation mapping can serve as a practical method to facilitate implementation and adoption of mHealth solutions within healthcare settings.

Methods

Implementation mapping was used to develop implementation strategies based on contextual determinants organized within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for mHealth eLearning solutions across an integrated, multi-site healthcare system. We describe our experience identifying stakeholders, delineating implementation facilitators and barriers, defining implementation outcomes using RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework, outlining initial implementation strategies, and iterating on implementation strategies.

Results

A total of 30 implementation strategies were identified and implemented. Over the first year, primary and specialty care providers across all the clinical sites ( n = 70) placed 2559 orders for the mHealth solution. Most patients reported receiving the mHealth eLearning module (74%), and most patients felt that the tool improved their knowledge regarding their condition (82%) and their ability to provide self-care related to the condition (73%).

Conclusion

Practical applications of implementation science methods can help enable change within healthcare settings. Implementation mapping is an exercise that can engage stakeholders to facilitate the incorporation of new methods of care delivery, including mHealth solutions.
Transformer-based tool recommendation system in Galaxy
Authors: Kumar Anup , Grüning Björn , Backofen Rolf
Published: November 2023

Background

Galaxy is a web-based open-source platform for scientific analyses. Researchers use thousands of high-quality tools and workflows for their respective analyses in Galaxy. Tool recommender system predicts a collection of tools that can be used to extend an analysis. In this work, a tool recommender system is developed by training a transformer on workflows available on Galaxy Europe and its performance is compared to other neural networks such as recurrent, convolutional and dense neural networks.

Results

The transformer neural network achieves two times faster convergence, has significantly lower model usage (model reconstruction and prediction) time and shows a better generalisation that goes beyond training workflows than the older tool recommender system created using RNN in Galaxy. In addition, the transformer also outperforms CNN and DNN on several key indicators. It achieves a faster convergence time, lower model usage time, and higher quality tool recommendations than CNN. Compared to DNN, it converges faster to a higher precision@k metric (approximately 0.98 by transformer compared to approximately 0.9 by DNN) and shows higher quality tool recommendations.

Conclusion

Our work shows a novel usage of transformers to recommend tools for extending scientific workflows. A more robust tool recommendation model, created using a transformer, having significantly lower usage time than RNN and CNN, higher precision@k than DNN, and higher quality tool recommendations than all three neural networks, will benefit researchers in creating scientifically significant workflows and exploratory data analysis in Galaxy. Additionally, the ability to train faster than all three neural networks imparts more scalability for training on larger datasets consisting of millions of tool sequences. Open-source scripts to create the recommendation model are available under MIT licence at https://github.com/anuprulez/galaxy_tool_recommendation_transformers
Strontium ranelate enriched Ruminococcus albus in the gut microbiome of Sprague–Dawley rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Cui Yuanyuan , Lu Huigai , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Jing , Liu Long , Liu Zhixin , Peng Xiaohong , Cao Hong , Liu Xinghui , Wei Xiuli
Published: November 2023

Background

Gut microbiome is critical to our human health and is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis oral drug that can promote osteoblast formation and inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the effect of SrR on gut microbiome has been rarely studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oral SrR on gut microbiome and metabolic profiles.

Results

In this study, we used ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague–Dawley rats to construct a PMO model and applied oral SrR for 6 weeks. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiome was investigated by 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to analyze changes in metabolites of intestinal contents. Results demonstrated that 6-week oral SrR alleviated osteoporosis and significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolic profiles of OVX rats. Ruminococcus, Akkermansia and Oscillospira were significantly enriched in the gut of OVX rats after 6-week oral SrR. Especially, the species R. albus showed the greatest importance by a random forest classifier between OVX and OVX_Sr group. The enrichment of R. albus in the gut was positively correlated with bone mineral density and the accumulation of lycopene and glutaric acid, which also significantly elevated after oral SrR.

Conclusions

We discovered that oral SrR can improve bone health while stimulate the accumulation of gut microbe R. albus and metabolites (lycopene and glutaric acid). The results suggested possible connections between oral SrR and the gut-bone axis, which may provide new insight into the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis.
Relationship between clinical features and droplet digital PCR copy number in non-HIV patients with pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Bian Wenjie , Xie Yu , Shang Ying , Zhao Lili , Yang Zhengwu , Ma Xinqian , He Yukun , Yu Wenyi , Xi Wen , Yang Donghong , Wang Fang , Chen Yanwen , Gong Pihua , Gao Zhancheng
Published: November 2023

Objective

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel assay to detect pneumocystis jjrovecii (Pj) which has been defined to be more sensitive than qPCR in recent studies. We aimed to explore whether clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) were associated with ddPCR copy numbers of Pj.

Methods

A total of 48 PCP patients were retrospectively included. Pj detection was implemented by ddPCR assay within 4 h. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 48 patients with molecular diagnosis as PCP via metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) or quantitative PCR detection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to screen out possible indicators for the severity of PCP. The patients were divided into two groups according to ddPCR copy numbers, and their clinical features were further analyzed.

Results

Pj loading was a pro rata increase with serum (1,3)-beta-D glucan, D-dimmer, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin and BALF polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage, while negative correlation with albumin, PaO2/FiO2, BALF cell count, and BALF lymphocyte percentage. D-dimmer and ddPCR copy number of Pj were independent indicators for moderate/severe PCP patients with PaO2/FiO2 lower than 300. We made a ROC analysis of ddPCR copy number of Pj for PaO2/FiO2 index and grouped the patients according to the cut-off value (2.75). The high copy numbers group was characterized by higher level of inflammatory markers. Compared to low copy number group, there was lower level of the total cell count while higher level of polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage in BALF in the high copy numbers group. Different from patients with high copy numbers, those with high copy numbers had a tendency to develop more severe complications and required advanced respiratory support.

Conclusion

The scenarios of patients infected with high ddPCR copy numbers of Pj showed more adverse clinical conditions. Pj loading could reflect the severity of PCP to some extent.