bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIM25 Regulates Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Promoting EZH2 Stability
Authors: Zhou Sha , Peng Jianhong , Xiao Liuniu , Zhou Caixia , Fang Yujing , Ou Qingjian , Qin Jiayi , Liu Mengzhong , Pan Zhizhong , Hou Zhenlin
Published: August 2020

Background Resistance to chemotherapy remains the major cause of treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). TRIM25, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to play a vital role in tumorigenesis. This project aims to explore the function and mechanism of TRIM25 in regulating oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer.Methods The expression of TRIM25 in colorectal cancer tissues were examined by publicly available dataset, Immunohistochemistry and western blot. Further survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method. CCK8 assay, colony-formation assay, Annexin V-FITC /PI staining and xenograft tumor models were used for evaluating sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin. Sphere-formation assay, RT-PCR and limiting dilution assay were used to evaluate the influence of TRIM25 on stem cell properties of CRC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, polyubiquitination assay and western bolt elucidate the mechanism by which TRIM25 regulates EZH2.Results Patients with high expression of TRIM25 have significantly higher recurrence rate (28.9% vs. 15.0%, P = 0.012) and worse disease-free survival (P = 0.006) than those with low TRIM25 expression. Downregulation of TRIM25 dramatically inhibited while TRIM25 overexpression enhanced CRC cells survival after oxaliplatin treatment. In addition, TRIM25 promotes stem cell properties of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo (8 mice per group). Importantly, we demonstrated that TRIM25 inhibits the binding of E3-ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 to EZH2, thus stabilizing and upregulating EZH2 and promoting oxaliplatin resistance. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that TRIM25 is a novel epigenetic regulator of oxaliplatin resistance. Targeting TRIM25 might be a promising strategy for CRC treatment.
High Rates of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms Associated With Surgical Site Infections in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Bediako-Bowan Antoinette Afua Asiadua , Kurtzhals Jørgen Anders Lindholm , Mølbak Kåre , Labi Appiah-Korang , Owusu Enid , Newman Mercy Jemima
Published: August 2020

Background There is limited data to guide the prevention and management of surgical site infections (SSI) in low- and middle-income countries. We prospectively studied aetiological agents associated with SSI and their corresponding antibiotic susceptibility patterns in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods As part of a cohort study carried out at the surgical department of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) from July 2017 to April 2019, wound swabs were collected from patients diagnosed with SSI. Isolates cultured from the wound swabs were identified by MALDI TOF and susceptibility testing was conducted according to EUCAST 2020 guidelines. Clinical data were monitored prospectively. Results Of 4577 patients, 438 developed an SSI and 352 microbial isolates were cultured. Isolates were predominantly Gram negative (286, 81%), a pattern seen for all kinds of surgery and all wound classes. The most common species included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The majority of organisms were multi-drug resistant including 86% of E. coli, 52% of A. baumannii and 86% of K. pneumoniae; and 65% (17/26) of the cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae were extended spectrum β-lactamase producing. One of 139 E. coli, 15 of 49 P. aeruginosa, and 6 of 23 A. baumannii were meropenem resistant, but no clonal pattern was found. There was a 1% (5/428) prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Conclusions The predominance of Gram-negative organisms and the high level of multi-drug resistance indicate a need to re-evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment protocols in surgical practice in low- and middle-income countries.
NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Hetero-[10+2] Annulation
Authors: wang Jian , Peng Qiupeng , li shi-jun , Zhang Bei , Guo Donghui , Lan Yu
Published: August 2020

The higher-order cycloadditions are powerful strategies for construction of polycycles in one step, however an efficient and concise version for asymmetric induce is limited. N-heterocyclic carbenes are widely used organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis and will be an ideal choice for enantioselective higher-order cycloadditions. Here we report an enantioselective [10+2] annulation between catalytically formed aza-benzofulvene intermediates and trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives. This protocol exhibits a wide scope, high yields and good ee values, reflecting a robust and efficient higher-order cycloaddition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided an accurate prediction of the reaction enantioselectivity, and in-depth insight to the origins of stereocontrol.
rhEGF Treatment Improves EGFR Inhibitors-Induced Skin Barrier and Immune Defects
Authors: Kim Ji Min , Ji Jun Ho , Kim Young Saing , Lee Suee , Oh Sung Yong , Huh Seok Jae , Son Choon Hee , Kang Jung Hun , Ahn So Yun , Choo Jung Eun , Song Ki-Hoon , Roh Mee Sook
Published: August 2020

Background: The mechanisms of epidermal growth factor (EGF) effects EGF receptor inhibitor (EGFRI)-related skin toxicities are as yet unknown. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in EGF’s positive effects. Methods: Two types of EGFRIs, cetuximab and gefitinib, were used to treat the cells or 3d-cultured human skin tissue with recombinant human EGF (rhEGF). The expression levels of skin barrier related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were measured by using RT qPCR, ELISA, immunohistochemical (IHC) stain, or immunofluorescence..Results: Using western blot assay, cetuximab decreased EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) expression. In contrast, rhEGF increased EGFR and pEGFR expression. Also, rhEGF induces EGFR signaling by pAKT and pPI3K expression in gefitinib and rhEGF co-treated cells. Expressions of proliferation and differentiation proteins, both ki-67 and filaggrin, were decreased in EGFRIs -treated tissue. However, in rhEGF and EGFRIs co-treated tissue, those expressions were increased. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α expression, were increased by EGFRIs, and down-regulated by rhEGF. In patients’ tissue evaluation, compared with control, patients’ Ki-67 and EGFR expression were decreased (P=0.015, P=0.001). Patients’ IL-17 and TNF-α expression intensity was higher than that of control group (P=0.038, P=0.037). After treatment with EGF ointment, average values of Ki-67, EGFR, and Melan-A were changed to normal values. Oppositely patients’ proportions of IL-17 and TNF-α were decreased to low stain level.Conclusions: Treatment of rhEGF improved EGFRIs-induced skin eruption via normalizing the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, reducing inflammatory cytokines by the affected EGFRIs.
miR-4293 Upregulates lncRNA WFDC21P by Directly Suppressing mRNA-Decapping Enzyme 2 to Promote Lung Carcinoma Proliferation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yan Yun-Fei , Lv Qing , Li You-Jie , Wang Ran-Ran , Sun Guang-Bin , Pan Li , Hu Jin-Xia , Xie Ning , Zhang Can , Tian Bao-Cheng , Jiao Fei , Xu Sen , Wang Ping-Yu , Xie Shu-Yang
Published: August 2020

Background: Emerging evidence shows that lncRNA WFDC21P could promote STAT3 phosphorylation and microRNA 4293 SNP is associated with the risk of carcinomas, but the oncogenic functions of WFDC21P and miR-4293 in lung carcinoma are unclear.Methods: mRNA sequencing of lung carcinoma and control para-carcinoma tissues was performed to screen the potential targets. WFDC21P and miR-4293 levels were evaluated in lung carcinoma cells and tissues by qRT-PCR. The function of WFDC21P and miR-4293 on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis were assessed by MTT, FACS, western blot, transwell assays, colony formation assays and xenografts experiment. RNA immunoprecipitation assays were implemented to verify the relationship between WFDC21P and mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 (DCP2). Furthermore, gain/loss of miR-4293 functions were used to determine its targeting relationship of DCP2. Results: WFDC21P expression is markedly enhanced in lung carcinoma tissue and cells. Moreover, WFDC21P promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis but suppresses apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations identified DCP2 can directly bind to WFDC21P and down-regulates its expression. DCP2 as a direct target of miR-4293 and its expression is suppressed by miR-4293. Consequently, miR-4293 can further promote WFDC21P expression by regulating DCP2. With positive correlation to WFDC21P expression, miR-4293 also plays oncogenic role in lung carcinoma. Furthermore, knockdown of WFDC21P results in functional attenuation of miR-4293 on tumor promotion. In vivo xenograft growth is also promoted by both WFDC21P and miR-4293. Conclusion: Our results establish oncogenic roles for both WFDC21P and miR-4293, and demonstrate that interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs through DCP2 are important in lung carcinoma pathogenesis.
Mental Health Problems and Related Factors in Chinese University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Jiang , Qi Meng , Wang Lei-Lei , Yang Xing-Jie , Gao Lan , Zhang Suo-Yuan , Zhang Li-Gang , Yang Rui , Chen Jing-Xu
Published: August 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious threat to global public health, including a wide range of metal health problems. Current research focuses mainly on mental health status and related factors among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Data from 11133 participants was obtained through an online survey of university students in mainland China. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively.Results: In total, 37.0% of the subjects were experiencing depressive symptoms, 24.9% anxiety symptoms, 20.9% comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, and 7.3% suicidal ideation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an increased presence of mental health problems in female students, graduate students, and those with personal COVID-19 exposure. Living with family and awareness of COVID-19 were protective factors against depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, male, depressive and anxiety symptoms were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Living with family, graduate students, prevention and control measures and projections of COVID-19 trends were protective factors against suicidal ideation.Conclusions: The findings underlined that the mental health of university students should be monitored, and provided important information for healthcare planning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Tardigrade Hypsibius Exemplaris as an Emerging Model to Study the Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase at Animal Organismal Level
Authors: Grobys Daria , Roszkowska Milena , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Jarmuszkiewicz Wiesława , Karachitos Andonis , Kmita Hanna
Published: August 2020

Background: Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is suggested to be present in mitochondria of most invertebrates but not vertebrates. Independently of the reason concerning the enzyme occurrence in animal mitochondria, expression of AOX in human mitochondria is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of mitochondrial diseases caused by the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) deficiency or blockage. Undoubtedly, development of AOX expression-based therapy requires explanation of AOX contribution to animal physiology. Till now the relevant data has been obtained mainly due to heterologous AOX expression in cells and animals that do not have natively expressed AOX. We think that application of animals natively expressing AOX could importantly contribute to the research and therapy development. Because the available genomic and transcriptomic data suggests the presence of functional AOX protein in mitochondria of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris, we decided to investigate the possibility of the animal application as a model for AOX activity analysis at organismal level.Results: We observed that H. exemplaris tolerance to the blockage of the MRC complexes III and/or IV was diminished in the presence of AOX inhibitor and the inhibitor-sensitive respiration enabled the tardigrade respiration under condition of the blockage. Furthermore, although detection of H. exemplaris AOX at protein level and pronounced oxygraphic registration of its activity required the MRC complex III and/or IV blockage, the obtained data indicated that AOX clearly contributed to the animal functioning, also in the absence of the blockage. Conclusions: According to our best knowledge we demonstrated, for the first time, that AOX activity of small aquatic invertebrates, represented by the studied tardigrade species, can be monitored by measurement of intact specimen whole-body respiration. Furthermore, it was also possible to monitor the impact of the MRC complex IV blockage on AOX expression level and AOX inhibition in the absence of the blockage on animal functioning. Thus, H. exemplaris could be applied as a whole-animal model suitable to study activity and expression regulation of natively expressed animal AOX.
Importance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus as a Predictor of Hospital Length of Stay in Bronchiolitis
Authors: buendia jefferson , Guerrero Diana , Martinez Carlos Rodriguez
Published: August 2020

BackgroundBronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children. Estimate potentially preventable variables that impact the length of hospital stay are a priority to reduce the costs associated with this disease.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify clinical variables associated with length of hospital stay of bronchiolitis in children in a tropical middle-income countryMethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in 417 infants with bronchiolitis in tertiary centers in Colombia. All medical records of all patients admitted to the emergency department were reviewed. To identify factors independently associated we use negative binomial regression model, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and adjust for potential confounding variablesResultsThe median of the length of hospital stay was 3.68 days, with a range of 0.74 days to 29 days, 138 (33.17%) of patients have a hospital stay of 5 or more days. After modeling and controlling for potential confounders age < 6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, RSV isolation, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOSConclusionsOur results show that in infants with bronchiolitis, RSV isolation, age < 6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOS. As a potentially modifiable risk factor, efforts to reduce the probability of RSV infection can reduce the hight medical cost associates with prolonged LOS in bronchiolitis.
Spirulina Prevent Caspase-Independent Apoptosis in the Cochlea and Brainstem of Senescence-Accelerated Prone-8 Mice
Authors: Chan Yin-Ching , Lin Mei-Hsiao , Hwang Juen-Haur
Published: August 2020

Background: Spirulina platensis water extract (SP) could decrease hearing degeneration via reducing oxidative stress damages in the auditory system of senescence-accelerated prone-8 (SAMP8) mice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SP on the caspase-independent apoptosis in the cochlea and brainstem of SAMP8 mice.Methods: Twelve 11-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group (SAMP8 mice was fed a normal diet) and spirulina group (SAMP8 mice was fed a normal diet with oral supplementation SP for 6 weeks. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured in the beginning and at the end of the study. Cochlear histology and immunochemistry and Western blotting of brainstem were performed at the end of the study.Results: Compared with control group, spirulina group had significantly lower ABR thresholds using click sound stimulation at the end of this study. The spirulina group had significantly higher counts of outer hair cells (OHC) and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density in the middle turn of the cochlea. The spirulina group had significantly lower expressions of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the cochlea. Also, the spirulina group had significantly lower expression of PARP-1, but not the AIF, in the brainstem.Conclusions: SP could decrease hearing degeneration in SAMP8 mice possibly via reducing caspase-independent apoptosis signal pathway in the cochlea and brainstem.
Clinical Significance of Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR Targeting of rRNA Molecules
Authors: Niikura Mai , Atobe Satomi , Takahashi Akira , Kado Yukiko , Sugimoto Takuya , Tsuji Hirokazu , Shimizu Kentaro , Ogura Hiroshi , Asahara Takashi
Published: August 2020

Background: For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nosocomial infection control and appropriate antimicrobial treatment have become important issues. Diagnosis is critical in managing P. aeruginosa infection, but conventional methods are not highly accurate or rapid. A novel P. aeruginosa quantification system based on 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is a candidate diagnostic tool for managing P. aeruginosa infection. Here, we assessed the performance and potential impact of qRT-PCR on antibiotic therapy administered to ICU patients.Methods: We first evaluated specificity and detection sensitivity of the 23S rRNA-targeted qRT-PCR system in vitro and determined whether P. aeruginosa viable counts detected by this system reflect the inflammatory response of infected cells. Next, we utilized this system on fecal samples collected from 65 septic ICU patients and 44 healthy volunteers to identify the ICU infection status. Additionally, we monitored drug-resistant P. aeruginosa in 4 ICU patients. The trend was compared with trends in fecal microbiota composition, antibiotic use, and mechanical ventilator use.Results: The 23S rRNA-targeted qRT-PCR system quantified P. aeruginosa directly from clinical samples with high sensitivity (blood, 1 cell/mL; stool, 100 cells/g) without cross-reaction (within 6 h). Additionally, P. aeruginosa numbers detected under antibacterial treatment correlated well with the inflammatory response compared to other detection methods such as culturing and qPCR. Using this system, we confirmed that the P. aeruginosa detection ratio in ICU patients was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (49.2% vs. 13.6%, P<0.05). While some ICU patients had high P. aeruginosa numbers in feces (108 cells/g of feces), some patients had very low P. aeruginosa numbers (102 cells/g of feces) as observed in healthy volunteers. P. aeruginosa counts in feces of ICU patients monitored by this system correlated negatively with the proportion of total obligate anaerobes and positively with facultative anaerobes and aerobes. Additionally, trends in P. aeruginosa counts accurately reflected various treatment backgrounds of ICU patients.Conclusion: Our results suggest that this new 23S rRNA-targeted qRT-PCR system is beneficial for early diagnosis and evaluation of appropriate antibacterial treatment and may be a useful tool in combating P. aeruginosa infection.
Descriptive Evaluation of SBIRT Adoption, Implementation, and Delivery across a Health System
Authors: Keen Alyson , Thoele Kelli M , Oruche Ukamaka , Newhouse Robin
Published: August 2020

Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based intervention used to enhance reductions in alcohol and illicit drug use. SBIRT use has resulted in positive health and social outcomes. However, SBIRT implementation remains low. Research on implementation of evidence-based interventions, such as SBIRT, lacks information about challenges and successes related to implementation. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) provides a framework that improves the comprehension, clarity, and relevance of strategies available for implementation research. This framework was applied to structure findings from analyses of qualitative interview data gathered from local champions leading SBIRT implementation. The purpose of this study was to understand site coordinators’ (SCs) perceptions of SBIRT implementation and employed strategies. Study aims included (1) describe SCs’ perceptions of barriers, facilitators, and outcomes related to SBIRT implementation, and (2) describe strategies perceived as most effective to implement SBIRT. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted with 14 SCs, representing 14 medical surgical units within a large healthcare system. A semi-structured interview guide was developed by the study team to capture barriers, facilitators, and outcomes related to SBIRT implementation. A follow-up survey, based on 14 commonly identified ERIC strategies during SC interviews, was administered to determine the SC’s perceptions of the most helpful (i.e. effective) implementation strategies on a scale of 1 (least helpful) to 5 (most helpful).Results: All site coordinators participated in the SBIRT implementation interview, and 11 of 14 (79%) responded to the follow-up survey. Within the categories of barriers, facilitators, and outcomes, 25 subthemes emerged. The most highly rated effective ERIC implementation strategies were purposely reexamining the implementation (M=4.38; n=8), providing ongoing consultation (M=4.13; n=8), auditing and providing feedback (M=4.1; n=10), developing education materials (M=4.1; n=10), identifying and preparing champions (M=4; n=7), and tailoring strategies (M=4; n=7). Conclusion: This study applied a common framework (ERIC) to implementation lessons within a large health system that can be replicated in other implementation studies and quality improvement efforts. Adapting and sustaining change are challenging in healthcare settings. However, understanding and using the most helpful implementations strategies may support healthcare teams to adopt and sustain interventions such as SBIRT.
Health Care Expert’s Readiness to Implement National Unified Medical Records (Numr) System in the United Arab Emirates; A Qualitative Study
Authors: Harbi Alya
Published: August 2020

Background
Electronic health records provide a valuable resource to improve health evaluation, surveillance and informs effective clinical decision making. Although electronic medical records (EMR) are introduced in many different settings, yet little is known about the readiness, effectiveness and progress of a centralized information system like NUMR across United Arab Emirates. This study aims to determine the readiness for national unified medical record (NUMR), barriers and challenges from the point of views of experts working in the field of health informatics on daily basis.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts using purposive sampling method from different healthcare organizations in the United Arab Emirates. Perceptions of interviewees regarding the readiness for national unified medical record were elicited. Thematic analysis was used to identify the different themes extracted from the interview transcripts.
Results
Overall, seven themes emerged after analyzing the transcripts obtained from the respondents. This study is expected to bring countless benefits for all countries that are moving forward toward nationwide and interoperable healthcare platforms. The support for NUMR will make a significant contribution to the health systems across UAE that will ultimately lead to safety, access to single shared records, improved care and coordination, better clinical and decision making, faster engagement, easy and secure access, safety and will save time for other tasks.
Conclusion
The future of implementation of NUMR in UAE is promising. Our findings offer beneficial guidelines for consideration in implementing NUMR system across UAE and also helps in the drive to improve healthcare systems nationally.
Anticancer activity of food grade nanoemulsions on hepatic cancer cells: a comparative study
Authors: Hassan Sayyeda Hira , Khan Muhammad Rehan
Published: August 2020

The current study was aimed to prepare stable NEs from plant oils to evaluate their cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. Oils form three different samples (flax seeds, cloves and olives) were extracted. NEs from these oils were prepared separately by ultrasonication method. After characterization of stable NEs, they were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Extracted oils and their NEs were applied separately to HepG2 cell line to construct a comparison and MTT assay was used for this purpose. Prepared NEs were found more effective against cancer cell line as compared to their respective oils. MTT assay showed efficacy of NEs in reducing cell viability with IC50 value of 10 µl (flax seed oil), 25 µl (clove oil NE) and 1 µl (olive oil NE), and was safe to normal cells. The results of the current study revealed that NEs prepared from flax seed, clove and olive oil have the potential for further development as anticancer agents.
WNT4, a potential biomarker in serum for colorectal cancer, promotes metastasis through WNT4/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Li Qing , Shang Renduo , Yao Liwen , Wu Lianlian , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhang Lihui , Xu Ming , Lu Zihua , Zhou Jie , Huang Li , Huang Xiaodong , Cheng Du , Yang Yanning , Yu Honggang
Published: August 2020

Background
Wingless and Int-related protein (Wnt) ligands were aberrantly expressed in human diseases. However, the aberrant level of Wnt ligands have not been explored in serum. Here, we aimed to identify the WNT4 level in serum and explore its oncogenic role in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Serum samples from 40 CRC patients and 28 healthy donors were collected to measure the levels of WNT4. CRC tissue samples from patients were collected to explore the resource of WNT4. Further, we used CRC cells and xenograft mouse model to explore the oncogenic role of WNT4.
Results
WNT4 was significantly upregulated in serum of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and CRC tissues were identified as an important source of elevated WNT4 levels in CRC patients. Interestingly, the elevated WNT4 in serum was downregulated after tumor resection. Next, we found that WNT4 could contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and activated fibroblasts by activating WNT4/β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo; besides, angiogenesis was also induced via WNT4/β-catenin/Ang2 pathway. Those effects could be reversed by ICG-001, a β-catenin/TCF inhibitor.
Conclusion
These data indicated that WNT4 may be a potential biomarker for CRC and provided evidence to support a critical role of WNT4 in promoting CRC cell metastasis by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, activating fibroblasts and promoting angiogenesis in the colorectal tumor microenvironment.
Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block versus Intercostal Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Horth Dillon , Sanh William , Moisiuk Peter , O’Hare Turlough , Shargall Yaron , Finley Christian , Hanna Waël , Agzarian John , Forero Mauricio , Davis Kim , Vanniyasingam Thuva , Thabane Lehana , Shanthanna Harsha
Published: August 2020

Background: The optimal analgesia method in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) remains controversial. Intercostal nerve blockade (ICNB) is limited by its duration of action. The erector spinae plane (ESP) block has the potential to provide satisfactory analgesia for VATS; however, the effectiveness of continuous ESP versus surgeon-performed ICNB has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to establish feasibility of patient recruitment and follow-up before undertaking a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT); and, secondarily, to compare opioid usage, pain control, and sensory blockade.Methods: This feasibility RCT was undertaken at St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and included 24 patients (>18 years) having elective VATS with at least one overnight stay. Exclusion criteria were patient refusal; body mass index >40 kg/m2; contraindications to neuraxial analgesia techniques as per the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain guidelines; known allergy to local anesthetics; language or comprehension barriers; procedures with a higher chance of open surgery; and regular opioid use for ≥3 months preoperatively. Patients underwent either continuous ESP (n=12) or surgeon-performed ICNB (n=12). All patients received routine intraoperative anesthesia care and multimodal analgesia. Feasibility criteria were recruitment rate of two patients/week and full follow-up in all patients in-hospital. We compared opioid consumption, postoperative pain scores (0–10 numerical rating scale), adverse events, patient satisfaction, and distribution of sensory blockade as clinical outcomes (secondary).Results: Feasibility of primary outcomes was successfully demonstrated. Five patients had an epidural in anticipation of open surgery. Mean opioid consumption was less in the ESP group over the first 48 h (mean difference, 1.63 [95% CI –1.20 to 4.45] morphine units). There were no differences in adverse effects. Conclusions: A fully powered RCT is feasible. Our results also suggest that continuous ESP is safe and can decrease opioid needs. However, it is important to consider procedures to improve compliance to protocol. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03176667. Registered June 5, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03176667
Are the Mean Platelet Volume and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio Predictive for Gestational Cholestasis?
Authors: Eroglu Hasan , Tolunay Harun Egemen , Sarsmaz Kemal , Orgul Gokcen , Sahin Dilek , Yucel Aykan
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether mean platelet volume value and/or neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values are useful as a predictive marker for gestational cholestasis.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the data of patients diagnosed with pregnancy cholestasis between 2018-2019 in a perinatology clinic. 352 pregnant women were enrolled in the study (122 pregnant women with Intrahepatic cholestasis as study group and 230 pregnant women with no morbidity as the control group) RESULTS: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis compared to the healthy controls, 9.30 (7-18) and 8.6 (6.7-11.5), respectively. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis compared to the healthy controls, 3.93 (0.46-13.75) and 4.25 (0.87-17.1), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for mean platelet volume (p <0.001). In the roc analysis, 8.85 fL for mean platelet volume had a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 59%.CONCLUSION: When compared with healthy pregnancies, mean platelet volume value in gestational cholestasis increases significantly. However, the predictive strength of mean platelet volume for cholestasis is not strong enough to recommend its usage as a single parameter in clinical practice.
Sequential pretreatment to recover carbohydrates and phosphorus from Desmodesmus sp. cultivated in municipal wastewater
Authors: González-Balderas R. M. , Velásquez-Orta S. B. , Valdez-Vazquez I. , Orta Ledesma M. T.
Published: August 2020

This study focused on the simultaneous recovery of carbohydrates (CHO) and phosphorus (P) from Desmodesmus sp. biomass cultivated in municipal wastewater, through a sequential pretreatment. The pretreatment consisted first of ultrasound to trigger cell disruption followed by ozonation to recover CHO and P. For ozone pretreatment, three different parameters were considered: ozone concentration (9, 15, 21, 27, 36, and 45 mg O3/L), contact time (15, 25 and 35 min), and pH (8 and 11). The maximum simultaneous release of 84% of CHO and 58% of P was achieved at the experimental parameters of ozone concentration of 45 mg O3/L, contact time of 35 min, and pH of 11. Also, P was concentrated in solution by 8- to 14-fold with respect to municipal wastewater. The sequential pretreatment was conducted at alkaline pH of 11 and atmospheric conditions, which may considerably reduce energy demand and reagents, in comparison to a traditional hydrolysis pretreatment. The results found suggest that the sequential pretreatment could be feasible on a large scale.
Modified Microtensile Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer to Composite Resin Using Universal Adhesive in Self-etch and Total-etch Modes
Authors: Kermanshah Hamid , Omrani Ladan R. , Hemati Omid , Pedram Prham , Ahmadi Elham
Published: August 2020

Background:

Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) are frequently used as base or liner before the application of restorative materials. The success of this approach depends on the bond strength of GICs to composite resin.

Objectives:

This study to assess the modified microtensile bond strength of glass ionomer to composite resin using universal adhesive in self-etch and total-etch modes.

Methods:

Samples were fabricated of resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) and conventional GIC(CGIC) (6 x 1 x 1 mm), and were randomly divided into 8 groups. Clearfil SE Bond and G-Premio universal adhesive in self-etch and total-etch modes were used according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Z250 composite was applied over the GIC (12 x 1 x 1 mm), and light-cured. The microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The samples in each group were evaluated under an electron microscope to determine the mode of failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.

Results:

The microtensile bond strength of RMGI used with Clearfil SE Bond was significantly higher than that of other groups (6.57±1.15 MPa) (P<0.05). The maximum and minimum microtensile bond strength values of CGIC after applying the bonding agents were recorded after using G-Premio total-etch mode (1.34±0.77 MPa) and SE Bond in total-etch mode(1.18±79 MPa), respectively.

Conclusion:

Application of of G-Premio in both modes did not show any significant different bond strength in both glass ionomers. The bond strength of RMGIC was higher than that of CGIC, and the maximum bond strength of RMGI was achieved by the use of SE Bond.
Corneal Indices Determined with Pentacam in Possible Candidates for Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Alvarez Eduardo R. , Montesinos Giuseppe M. , Torres Piedra Diego M. , Palacios Nataly T. , Téllez Osvaldo F.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To describe the level of correlation of clinical refractive variables with corneal indices in Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography, demonstrate the usefulness of the study of corneal indices in the diagnosis of keratoconus (KC), and identify the corneal indexes with the greatest influence on the diagnosis of KC.

Methods:

A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 69 patients (138 eyes) with refractive disorders, possible candidates for corneal refractive surgery, at the Exilaser Ophthalmological Center, Cuenca, Ecuador, from March to August 2019. Corneal indices were studied using Pentacam. Statistical correlation methods, Levene’s test, Fisher’s exact test, Cramérs’ V coefficient, and multiple correspondence analyses were used.

Results:

The variables refractive cylinder and central keratometry had a direct correlation with the corneal indices (p<0.001). An inverse correlation was obtained between central pachymetry and corneal indices (p<0.001). A high level of dependence on central KC index (CKI) (Cramér V = 0.785) and KC index (KI) (Cramér V = 0.775) was obtained with the diagnosis of KC.

Conclusion:

Pentacam is a valuable tool in the analysis of corneal indices for the diagnosis of KC, given its high level of correlation with clinical refractive variables. The selection of candidates for refractive surgery, even when there is no diagnosis of KC, is strengthened with the analysis of the corneal indices. The indices with the most intense level of dependence with the diagnosis of KC are, in order, the following indices: CKI, KI, vertical asymmetry, minimum radius, and variation of the surface.
Влияние асимметричного переноса зарядана ИК спектры возбужденных квадрупольных молекул
Authors: Ткачёв В.Г. , Иванов А.И.
Published: August 2020

The influence of charge transfer symmetry breaking in excited quadrupole molecules of the form D-π-A-π-D or A-π-D-π-A, where A and D are the electron-acceptor and electron-donor groups, on non-stationary spectra of characteristic vibrations is studied. In the framework of the previously developed theory of symmetry breaking and its manifestations in non-stationary IR spectra, the types of possible changes in IR spectra with an increase in the degree of asymmetry of molecules are classified. A physical interpretation of the revealed regularities is presented and their comparison with the currently available experimental data is carried out.
Решение обратной задачи для сложного вибронного аналога резонанса Ферми на основе плоских вращений Якоби
Authors: Кузьмицкий В.А.
Published: August 2020

Based on algebraic methods, we have found an accurate solution for the inverse task for the vibronic analogue of the complex Fermi resonance, i.e. the determination from the spectral data (energies Ek and transition intensities Ik of the observed conglomerate of lines, k = 1, 2, ..., n; n > 2) energies of the «dark» states Am and the matrix elements of their coupling Bm with the «bright» state. The algorithm consists of two stages. At the first stage, the Jacobi plane rotations are used to construct an orthogonal similarity transformation matrix X, for which the elements of the first row obey the requirement (X1k)^2 = Ik, which corresponds to that fact that there is only one non-perturbed «bright» state. At the second stage, the quantities Am and Bm are obtained after solving the eigenvalue problem for block of «dark» states of the matrix Xdiag({Ek})X-1.
Ап-конверсия инфракрасного излучения в щелочно-земельных фторидах, активированных Er-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Раджабов Е.А. , Шендрик Р.Ю.
Published: August 2020

Upconversion processes were studied in MeF2-ErF3 crystals (Me - Ca, Sr, Ba) in the range of ErF3 concentrations from 0.01 to 10 mol% when excited in infrared bands of the Er3 + ion by laser diodes of 808, 978, 1542 nm. Upon excitation of 1542 nm, the 4I11/2-4I15/2 band at 990 nm predominates in the luminescence spectrum of MeF2-Er; the fraction of visible bands is less than 0.1. The energy yield of the upconversion luminescence MeF2-10% ErF3 upon excitation of 1542 nm with a density of about 1 W/cm2 is in the range of 14-26%.
Влияние отжига в газообразном цинке на люминесценцию в видимом и среднем ИК диапазонах ZnSe : Fe-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Боряков А.В. , Гладилин А.А. , Ильичёв Н.Н. , Калинушкин В.П. , Миронов С.А. , Резванов Р.Р. , Уваров О.В. , Чегнов В.П. , Чегнова О.И. , Чукичев М.В. , Ширяев А.А.
Published: August 2020

The study results of the effect of annealing in a zinc vapor atmosphere on the defect and impurity composition of iron diffusion-doped ZnSe:Te plates on the characteristics of cathodoluminescence (CL) in the IR range are described.
The formation of precipitates at the boundaries of twin faults was found.
It is shown that in structures with a surface iron concentration of more than 1 at%, a significant increase in the CL intensity in the IR range is observed as a result of annealing in a zinc vapor atmosphere.
A partial recovery of interband luminescence in regions with a high iron concentration as a result of annealing was found.
Тонкопленочные нелинейно-оптические кристаллы для внутрирезонаторной электрооптической модуляции
Authors: Вольпян О.Д. , Денисюк И.Ю. , Обод Ю.А. , Фокина М.И. , Игнатьева Ю.А. , Шекланова Е.Б.
Published: August 2020

Methods for the preparation of DAST (4-N, N – dimethylamino–4'-N'-methyl stilbazolium tosylate) thin monocrystals with a thickness of a few micrometers, intended for electro-optics modulation were investigated. Thin-film single crystals are obtained, the shape and absorption spectrum of which confirms their crystalline structure of the “red” form DAST. Uniform color in the polarization contrast mode shows their monocrystallinity and uniform orientation. The materials are intended for intracavity modulation of laser radiation.
Life cycle engineering and management methods for designing hybrid structures – cases, potentials, and challenges
Authors: Götze Uwe , Symmank Christina , Schmidt Anja
Published: August 2020

Designing sustainable systems that take into account production factors, processes, and/or products is becoming more and more important. It is therefore the focus of research projects such as the Federal Cluster of Excellence EXC 1075 “MERGE Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures”, which strives for resource-efficient lightweight construction and especially the design of hybrid structures. To support this challenging task, the Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) approach is recommended. However, a sustainable design requires an economic or rather management orientation of the engineering activities, which is underrepresented in the LCE concept. Therefore, it is proposed to extend the LCE to a Life Cycle Engineering and Management (LCEM) concept. Since both concepts are relatively new, only a few cases of application are available. Therefore, this paper describes and analyzes cases – especially on the basis of MERGE research objects –, to which LCE and LCEM are applied, identifies potentials and challenges, and derives consequences for further research activities. This highlights the relevance of LCE and LCEM for research projects, especially regarding the transformation of an invention into a successful innovation.
Advanced joining technology for the production of highly stressable lightweight structures, with fiber-reinforced plastics and metal
Authors: Seidlitz Holger , Tsombanis Nikolas , Kuke Felix
Published: August 2020

Organic sheets made of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics can make a crucial contribution to increase the lightweight potential of a technical design. They show high specific strength- and stiffness properties as well as good damping characteristics, while being able to show a higher energy absorption capacity than comparable metal constructions. In addition, organic sheets provide good recycling capabilities. Nowadays, multi-material designs are an established way in the automotive industry to combine the benefits of metal and fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). Currently used technologies for the joining of organic sheets and metals in large-scale production are mechanical joining and adhesive technologies. Both require large overlapping areas to achieve the desired joint strength and stiffness of the technical design. Additionally, mechanical joining is usually combined with “fiber-destroying” pre-drilling and punching processes. This will disturb the force flux at the joint zone by causing unwanted fiber- and inter-fiber failure and inducing critical notch stresses. Therefore, the multi-material design with fiber-reinforced thermoplastics and metals needs optimized joining techniques that don’t interrupt the force flux, so that higher loads can be induced and the full benefit of the FRP material can be used. This article focuses on the characterization of a new joining technology, based on the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding process, that allows to join organic sheets and metals in a load path optimized design. This is achieved by realigning the fibers around the joint zone by the integration of a thin metal pin. The alignment of the fibers will be similar to load paths of fibers inside structures found in nature. A tree with a knothole is always going to align its fibers in principle stress direction. As a result of the bionic fiber design, high joining strengths can be achieved. The increase of the joint strength compared to blind riveting was performed and proven with stainless steel and orthotropic reinforced composites in tensile shear-tests, based on the DIN EN ISO 14273.
Prefinished Metal Polymer Hybrid Parts
Authors: Kuehnert Ines , Gedan-Smolka Michaela , Fischer Matthieu , Scholz Peter , Landgrebe Dirk , Garray Didier
Published: August 2020

In this study, the shaping and assembly behavior of adhesive polymer-metal-composites was investigated in an international cooperation using two step curable uretdione-polyester-based powder coatings (IPF development) which acts simultaneously as a reactive adhesive agent and as a high quality surface finish. To create the composite, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layer with good compatibility to the powder coating was over-molded onto a powder coated aluminum substrate. A polyamide (PA6) layer was over-molded on to the TPU layer to create a stiff composite structure with possibilities for further functionalization. The TPU-layer in between the metal substrate and the polymer top layer acts as a stress and strain compensation layer. These loads are caused by thermal expansion (under fluctuating temperatures) and external forces/deformation. Another key feature of the composite is the innovative process chain. The powder coating can resist high deformation and therefore the coating is suitable for a future application on to a metal substrate using a coil coating procedure. In addition, the coil could be easily implemented into a production line as a semi-finished product. The prefinished coated metal substrate could be formed (e.g. incremental forming, deep drawing) and inserted in the over-molding procedure. This overall shortened process chain allows not only an effective fabrication of pre-coated semi-finished materials and polymer-metal-joints in high quantities by saving process steps (e.g. cleaning steps, glue application) but also a higher versatility in the following composite production.
Realisation of Sensitive Functionality by the Integration of Electromagnetic Resonators in Composite Materials
Authors: Großmann Toni Dirk , Hartwig Melinda , Heinrich Michael , Decker Ricardo , Symmank Christina , Schmidt Anja , Kurth Steffen , Götze Uwe , Baumann Reinhard R. , Kroll Lothar , Otto Thomas
Published: August 2020

Lightweight structures are gaining importance due to the relevance of saving energy in mobile applications. External stress caused by impacts, deformations or compression injures the composite materials mostly by invisible internal distortions and leads to the degradation of their properties. Thus, an early detection of material damage is significant in applications with a very high level of required reliability. Structural health monitoring (SHM) on demand using functionalised materials can be a solution [1, 2]. The integration of electromagnetic resonators in glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) allows the fabrication of materials with passive sensor function used for SHM of composite materials. Conductive patterns with a specific geometry, dimension and alignment show an electromagnetic resonance that can be changed by the arrangement of the resonators or by the surrounded material. Printing technology is an efficient fabrication method regarding resources, time consumption and costs. The additive and selective deposition of conductive ink on flexible substrates shows a great potential to be processed roll-to-roll and subsequently integrated into lightweight structures [3]. The read-out takes place wirelessly by analysing the reflection response of the functionalised structure. The paper considers the modelling, numerical analysis, fabrication and evaluation of a smart structure and its sensor function. Furthermore, in order to create a basis for a successful market introduction and penetration of such innovative smart structures, a concept for an integrated life cycle-related engineering and business modelling [4] is outlined in this paper.