bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geosynthetic Material Suitable Depth Staying to Control Failure of Pavement Rutting
Authors: Khabiri Mohammad M.
Published: June 2011

The use of Geosynthetic Material is developing in different countries. They are using from Geosynthetic Material in pavement to control and prevent from critical failure such as permanent deformation or rutting and reflective cracks. These materials are effective in reduction of pavement vertical deformation; because they increase shear bearing capacity in soil and aggregated layers. In present research, some scientific resources, which have referred to Geosynthetic Material usage in development and operation activities, are presented. In continuation, the appropriate depth of Geosynthetic layer is calculated by used software. By considering the obtained result; whatever the Geosynthetic layer is nearer to surface, the rutting depth will be fewer. The fully bounded operation of this layer causes its function prevents from this kind of failure.
Numerical Simulation of Characteristics of Sudden Reduction Tube Flow Based on FLUENT
Authors: Ai Wan Zheng , Huang Bai Gang
Published: June 2011

Sudden reduction tube was always used in spillway tunnel, drainage pipes and so on. The energy loss coefficient of sudden reduction tube flows is an important index of sudden reduction tube. In the present paper, this coefficient and relative parameters, such as the contraction ratio and Reynolds number of the flow through sudden reduction tube, were analyzed by theoretical considerations, and their relationships were obtained by the numerical simulations. It could be concluded that the energy loss coefficient was mainly dominated by the contraction ratio. The less the contraction ratio is, the larger is the energy loss coefficient. When Reynolds number is more than 105, Reynolds number has little impact on it. An empirical expression, which was verified by comparison with other experiment data, was presented to calculate the energy loss coefficient of sudden reduction tube flows.
Back Analysis about Shear Strength and Deformation Parameters of High Excavated Accumulation Slope in Xiaowan Hydropower Station
Authors: Wang Le Hua , Li Jian Lin , Yang Shan Shan , Cheng Zhuang , Zhu Min
Published: June 2011

Proper mechanical parameters of slope rock mass are the premise which ensures the smooth progress of slope stability calculation. By analyzing the geological information of the yinshuigou accumulation slope on ridge 2 in Xiaowan hydropower station, and according to the deformation and damage in the excavation of the accumulation slope, this paper inverts the shear strength parameters of the accumulation slope by using 2D rigid limit equilibrium method. On base of unloading rock mass mechanics methods, the stress and strain analysis to the accumulation slope is studied by using 3D finite difference method, and by contrast of the monitoring displacement and calculated displacement in slope-direction about the key point of the accumulation slope , the article inverts the deformation parameters of the accumulation slope. Finally, the shear strength parameters in the contact zone are ascertained as: C=0.04MPa, Φ=30°, and the deformation parameter of the accumulation slope is changed from the initial 1.5MPa to 0.95MPa by the damage unloading.
Unsaturated Seepage and Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration of Slope
Authors: Xiong Bao Lin , Tang Jing Song , Lu Chun Jiao
Published: June 2011

Rainfall is one of the main factors that influence the stability of slope. Rainfall infiltration will cause soil saturation changing and further influence pore water pressure and medium permeability coefficient. Based on porous media saturation-unsaturated flow theory, the slope transient seepage field is simulated under the conditions of rainfall infiltration. It is shown that change of pore water pressure in slope soil lag behind relative changes in rainfall conditions. As the rainfall infiltrate, unsaturated zone in top half of slope become diminution, the soil suction and shear strength reduce, so stabilization of soil slope is reduced.
Dam-Reservoir Interaction Including the Effect of Vertical Component of Earthquake Acceleration on Hydrodynamic Pressure
Authors: Attarnejad Reza , Bagheri Amirhossein
Published: June 2011

In this paper, time domain transient analysis of dam-reservoir interaction is studied. Resulting hydrodynamic pressure is exactly calculated including the effect of vertical component of earthquake acceleration as well as the horizontal component. Method of separation of variables is applied to solve resulting partial differential equation after applying Laplace transform. Sommerfeld’s boundary condition is used in far end of the infinite reservoir. Finally, a comparison is made between the results of the case involving both horizontal and vertical accelerations and the case of applying vertical component only using El Centro earthquake (1940) data.
Application Research on Transformed Section Method in Stress Redistribution Deduced by Creep in Concrete Beam Reinforced with FRP
Authors: Zheng Guo Dong
Published: June 2011

For un-cracked reinforced concrete beam with FRP, the adjusted effective modulus theory (AEMM theory) is applied and the calculation method of internal force and stress redistribution of various materials under creep is given with the transformed section method. A comparative analysis is carried out from height change of the concrete beams, reinforcement ratio, FRP layers and the initial stress. The stress of the bars and FRP will increase over time and the degree of increase will be more obvious with the height of the beam and the reinforcement increased, but the concrete stress will be reduced accordingly. The conclusion plays an important role for the performance evaluation of the long-term stress and deformation of concrete beam reinforced with FRP.
Performance of the Nail Joints on Wood Frame Shear Walls
Authors: Yan Liu , Zou Xiao Jin , She Chen Gang
Published: June 2011

The performance of two types of Chinese screw nails in connections between sheathing and wood frame was assessed using ASTM-F1575-03. Specimens were tested in groups of 10, and both parallel-to-grain and perpendicular-to-grain specimens were tested in the case of ASTM-F1676-03. It was found that the type of nail had little effect on the performance of nail joints. Finally a modified model suitable to domestic nails in two directions was established on the basis of Foschi’s exponential model. The model provides useful data on the performance of sheathing-to-lumber connections.
Calculation Method and Application for Navigable Hydraulic Parameters of Jinsha River
Authors: Chen Ming , Chen Ming Dong , Yang Zhong Chao
Published: June 2011

According to the modified Эиванков calculation method and the balance relationship between representative ship effective thrust and resistance, the calculation method of maximal effective thrust is established by transforming hydrodynamic condition to hydrostatics condition due to the hydrodynamic complexity. One calculation method of navigable hydraulic parameters adapted for Jinsha River is put forward and applied successfully in prototype tests at Shuifu Port in Jinsha River.This method is convenient for application and can provide references for calculating navigable hydraulic parameters in other rivers.
The Design of Cooling Water Pipe and Cooling Analysis in Mass Concrete
Authors: Li Pan Wu , Si Qian Qian
Published: June 2011

Inconstruction process of mass concrete is apt to form excessive temperature stress and cause mass concrete cracking, because of its high inner temperature, big internal and external temperature difference. In order to prevent their cracking, in mass concrete of the internal Settings with cooling water pipe cooling is one of the commonly used massive concrete construction method. This paper presents a massive concrete design of cooling water cooling and calculation theory, based on the cooling pipes in concrete heat transfer performance, through the cooling water pipe and concrete heat exchange principle.
Gravel Soil Landslide Sliding Mechanism and Stability Analysis Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling
Authors: Sun Zhi Bin , Yang Xiao Li
Published: June 2011

The developed groundwater pipe network drainage system in the gravel soil slope has a significant impact to its stability. Considering the underground water level monitoring result, this paper simulates the xikengkou slope after the excavation and rainfall conditions based on fluid-solid coupling. The result presents that excavation at toe of slope damaged the groundwater discharge path. In the rainfall condition, the groundwater level increases significantly, which leads displacement occurring within the gravel soil slope. On the other hand, the displacement makes the drainage system be further destroyed and the permeability coefficient continues decreasing. Finally, the high water table leads the slope stability decreasing considerably, even to instability.
Analysis of the Atmospheric Temperature Stress on Mass Concrete by ANSYS Software
Authors: Li Pan Wu , Gao Jia Ming , Zeng Xian Zhe
Published: June 2011

The heat(cold) caused by atmospheric temperature flows backward during construction period makes the temperature field and the stress field of concrete change a lot, and we have to take relevant measures when the change influence the crack resistance of concrete. Based on the causes and the change-principium of thermal stress, we use ANSYS software to analyze the influence on temperature field and the stress field of concrete that caused by atmospheric temperature, and find some measures to protect the concrete from excessive temperature stress.
Study of the Influence of Hydration Coefficient on Concrete Temperature Stress
Authors: Li Pan Wu , Qu Peng Dong , Zeng Xian Zhe
Published: June 2011

The hydration coefficient of cement is the main influence factor of the cumulating quatity of internal heat. It directly affects temperature-rise of the concrete and the variation in temperature stresses of mass concrete, to a certain degree, control occurring of the mass concrete cracks. So,it is the main content of construction management of mass concrete. According to the root cause which lends to mass concrete cracks occur, we have analyzed the influence of hydration coefficient on mass concrete temperature stress by the large finite analyzing software ANSYS, and drawn the corresponding conclusion.
Strain Analysis of Corrosed Prestressed Concrete Beams on Fatigue Test
Authors: Jia Jin Qing , Yu Fang , Yao Da Li , Zhu Wei Qing
Published: June 2011

In order to study the relationship between strains and corrosion levels of prestressed concrete beams uder fatigue loading, accelerated corrosion method is used to make various corrosion rates of prestressed steel strands. The beams have the same designs and submitted to the same maximum and minimum load during the test. With the corrosion level as main parameter, strains at different position of the beams, such as non-prestressed steel strain, concrete strain in compressive region at mid-span and prestressed steel strain are studied. The test results show that beams with different corrosion rates have the same “three-stage“ law on the development of non-prestressed steel maximum and residual strain,as well as concrete strain and prestress strain. The significant increase of concrete strain is generated due to corrosion after concrete cracking.The increase of non-prestressed steel strain is nearly proportional to the growth of corrosion under the same fatigue load. A relationship was found to be a function. It can be obtained the corrosion rate of prestressed steel when the stress of non-prestressed steel strains are measured.
Experimental Study on Micro-Pressure Hydraulic Characteristics of Drip Irrigation Emitters with Multiple Types of Channels
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Qing Song , Li An , Wang Cong , He Wen Ting , Shi Yu Sheng
Published: June 2011

Reducing emitters’ working hydraulic pressure appropriately can cut down construction cost and running cost of the whole drip irrigation system. Reduction of the emitters’ working hydraulic pressure, however, will directly affect emitters’ hydraulic characteristics and anti-clogging property. In this study, experimental research into the hydraulic characteristics of multiple types of emitters under micro-pressure and compared the hydraulic characteristics with the ones under normal hydraulic pressure has been done. The experimental results showed that compensating emitters had poor water discharge uniformity at critical startup hydraulic pressure while non-compensating emitters, dripping arrows and dripping tape had consistent water discharge uniformity under micro-pressure and under normal pressure.
Experimental Study of Water Force Acting on Spur Dike
Authors: Yu Tao , Wang Ping Yi , Yang Cheng Yu , Gao Gui Jing , Zhang Ji Sheng
Published: June 2011

The water forces acting on spur dike were systematically analyzed under the different influenced factors (flow discharge, water depth, bottom slope, length of spur dike). The results indicate that : ①the total pressure decreases with increasing flow, increases along with the water depth basically assumes the linearity to increase; ②the fluctuation pressure decreases along with the water depth and dike length increases, increases along with the discharge increases on each sampling points. The research results may not only be of great significance in understanding spur dike scour and destruction mechanism, but also provide a valuable reference for the design of spur dike.
Study on the Properties of Mass Hydraulic Concrete with Admixtures of Limestone Powder and Water Quenched Iron Slag
Authors: Xie Jian Bin , He Tian Chun , Ai Yong Ping , Ji Guo Jin
Published: June 2011

For mass concrete with the admixtures of limestone powder and water quenched iron slag (shortly called double admixture concrete) in dam of Jinghong hydropower station located at the downstream of Lancang river in Yunnan province, the mineral composition of double admixture was analyzed in this paper. And it is also studied by materials testing and microscopic analysis methods such as laser particle analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis that the hydration, hydrated product and mechanism of hydration process in the system of cementing and double admixture material system. Then the mechanical, thermal and deformation properties and the durability of the concrete with double admixtures were also analyzed by experimental methods. The study results show it was theoretically feasible that adopting the double admixtures as the admixture of the mass hydraulic concrete which can be roller compacted concrete or normal concrete. And the properties of the double admixture concrete in Jinghong hydropower station meet all kind requirements.
A New Calculation Approach to Deal with Hydraulic Pressure in the Sandy Strata and its Application in Wuhan Subway
Authors: Wang Shi Min , He Chuan , Liu Si Jin , Gao Yun Long
Published: June 2011

Based on the consideration of the performance, disaster prevention, relief and tunnel drainage requirement, the connected aisle becomes more and more important to the shield tunnel section with the construction of large quantities of shield tunnels. The construction mechanical behavior of the connected aisle is complex and difficult to simulate with exist method sometimes. In allusion to the numerical simulation of the construction mechanical behavior of the connected aisle in the shield tunnel which is built in the sandy strata with the high hydraulic pressure, a new calculation approach is put forward. The core idea is the coupling use of the stratum structure method and the load structure method. The new method is used in the construction mechanical behavior study of the connected aisle which is built in the shield tunnel across the Yangtze River in Wuhan subway. Some conclusions are drawn and some related advices are proposed based on the analysis of the numerical simulation.
Dam Safety Reliability Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wei Hai , Yang Hua Shu , Wu Liang , Gui Yue
Published: June 2011

There are many factors, such as climate, flood, material, geology, structure, management, to influence dam safety. So dam safety evaluation, involving many fields, is very complicated, and very difficult to establish mathematic model for assessment. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has many obvious advantages to deal with these problems influenced by multi-factor, consequently is widely used in engineering fields. This paper considered water level, temperature, main factors influencing dam deformation, as random variables, employed ANN and statistical model to establish performance function of dam hidden trouble deformation and abnormal deformation. Then reliability theory was used to analyze dam safety reliability and sensitivity. The results show that temperature has great effect on probability of dam hidden trouble deformation and abnormal deformation than reservoir water level, due to great variability of temperature. Change of Reliability index of dam is contrary to reservoir water level. Temperature, especially average temperature in 10 days and 5 days, has great effect on sensitivity of reliability index than water level.
Dam Safety Monitoring Model Based on Markov Chain
Authors: Wei Hai , Yang Hua Shu , Tian Deng Ping , Wang Qi He
Published: June 2011

Dam deformation is characterized with periodicity, tendency, randomicity. So dam deformation can be regarded as sum of periodic deformation, tendency deformation, and random deformation, of which periodic and tendency deformation, gained by deterministic method, are researched sufficiently, but study on random deformation is inadequacy. Because dam random deformation at time t is mainly influenced by dam state at time t-1, little influenced at time t-2 or earlier, dam random deformation can be idealized as stochastic process described by Markov chain. In this paper, a new dam safety monitoring model is established using Markov chain, based on statistic model. First, regression analysis was applied to establish dam deformation statistic model, by which dam deterministic deformation can be obtained. Then dam random deformation component can be gained by subtracting deterministic deformation from total dam deformation. Consequently, by analysis of time series of random deformation, transition probability matrix of random deformation can be obtained and used to analyze dam deformation. Case study showed that this new model is superior to traditional statistic model, and can be applied to establish dam safety monitoring model.
Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis of External Water Pressure Distribution Patterns on Drainage Segment Lining
Authors: Yan Qi Xiang , Cheng Xi , Zheng Jun
Published: June 2011

Drainage segment lining is a new structure type formed by setting up drainage holes on the conventional segment lining. Based on continuum fluid-solid coupling analysis model of fractured rock mass, the distribution patterns of water pressure behind the lining walls and in surrounding rock are studied under three kinds of water pressure, while the segment lining with double drainage holes at each side of one ring has been applied. The results show that the water pressure behind segment lining wall could be effectively reduced by setting up drainage holes, and the pressure distribution patterns are in horseshoe shape approximately. The reduction effect of water pressure is more and more obvious from the tunnel crown to the elevation where the drainage holes are provided. But the drainage hole leads to uneven distribution of water pressure, causing the increase of local moment. So, more attention should be paid to the drainage segment lining during design.
Comparison on Somatotype of X- and Y-Shape Flaring Gate Pier Connected with Stepped Spillway
Authors: Ting Zhang , Chao Wu , Qi Zheng
Published: June 2011

The somatotype of flaring gate pier (FGP) is a main parameter in project design. Based on Suofengying project, in which X-shape FGP was used at first time, the hydrodynamic characteristics of two FGP types, including flows pattern and pressure distribution, were compared by using the RNGk-εturbulent model in this paper. The figures of the water wings and free jets with multiple hydropneumatic interfaces were obtained by numerical simulation successfully. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It indicates that the X-shape FGP is better than the Y-shape, especially when it is connected with the stepped spillway. Being an applied and trial study, the results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance.
Briefly Discuss Safety Monitoring of Underground Powerhouse
Authors: Li Feng , Tian Bin , Zhang Shuo , Chen Zhao
Published: June 2011

The safety monitoring of the underground powerhouse is the effective means that people could know the state of operation and the security of the underground powerhouse. By the research of the safety monitoring, it can be acquired that including the various structures of the underground powerhouse, some basic knowledge of safety monitoring, the characteristics of the safety monitoring, the importance and difficulty of the monitoring and the principles of the safety monitoring. The safety monitoring in the future can work well to combine the theory with the practice, and that of the underground powerhouse can be smoothly completed.
Experimental Study on Flow Coefficient of Broad-Crest Ridge-Free Weir of Gudi Hydroelectric Power Station
Authors: Wang Ji Bao
Published: June 2011

The flow coefficient is an important factor in analyzing and computing the flow capacity of broad-crested ridge-free weir of low head hydroelectric key position. For determine the flow coefficient of the broad-crested ridge-free weir of low head dam accurately, this paper study on the rule of the flow coefficient change base on the Gudi hydroelectric station model test. The test show in the condition of the high submergence and complex upstream and downstream flow condition, the flow coefficient value that use empirical formula compute is big. The author proposes the correction formula according the empirical formula and the test result.
Response of Liquid in Cylindrical Tank with Rigid Annual Baffle Considering Damping Effect
Authors: Wang Jia Dong , Zhou Ding , Liu Wei Qing
Published: June 2011

Sloshing response of liquid in a rigid cylindrical tank with a rigid annual baffle under horizontal sinusoidal loads was studied. The effect of the damping was considered in the analysis. Natural frequencies and modes of the system have been calculated by using the Sub-domain method. The total potential function under horizontal loads is assumed to be the sum of the tank potential function and the liquid perturbed function. The expression of the liquid perturbed function is obtained by introducing the generalized coordinates. Substituting potential functions into the free surface wave conditions, the dynamic response equations including the damping effect are established. The damping ratio is calculated by Maleki method. The liquid potential are obtained by solving the dynamic response equations of the system.
Investigation on Deformation and Failure Characteristics and Stability Control of Soft Rock Roadway Surrounding Rock in Deep Coal Mine
Authors: Chang Ju Cai , Xie Guang Xiang
Published: June 2011

Numerical simulation and field measurement were carried out to investigate into laws of deformation and movement and the evolving characteristics of the plastic region around the roadway based on engineering conditions of deep soft rock roadway in Wangfenggang colliery, Huainan Mining area. The mechanism of controlling the surrounding rock stability of soft rock roadway in deep coal mine was demonstrated. The supporting of soft rock roadway in deep coal mine must be compatible with deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock, and it can keep the stability of surrounding rock. The combined supporting with high strength and prestress bolting-anchoring and integral surrounding rock grouting reinforcement can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation of soft rock roadway in deep coal mine. But every working step must be pay attention to sequence on the time and space so that it can play an integral supporting effect. Research results are put into practice accordingly and good control effect has been achieved.
Prediction Technology of Coal and Gas Outburst in Xuandong Coal Mine
Authors: Zhao Sheng Shan , Pan Wei Dong , Wang Xin , Liu Jia Dun
Published: June 2011

Based on the complicated geological conditions of coal seam in Xuandong Coal Mine, such as deep burial depth, high gas content, magmatic rock intrusion and so on, the distribution regularities of magmatic rock, gas and geological structures were analyzed and studied. Combining with the practical situation of the dynamic disaster and phenomenon during the mining, the dangerous zones of coal and gas outburst were predicted and regional divided. The research results would have certain significance of practical guide to the outburst prevention and disaster reduction.
Characters Evaluation of Ground Pressure in Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face in Soft Coal Seams
Authors: Pan Wei Dong , Wu Xiao Hua , Li Yang
Published: June 2011

Based on the big thickness, low stiffiness and other characters of No. 8 coal seam in Huaibei mining area, the moving laws of top coal seam and roof, and distribution law of ground pressure were studied under the fully mechanized top coal caving. The research methods included working resistance observation of hydraulic supports in working face, deformation observation of stope roadways and deeper base point observation in roof and top coal. The results show that, in the thick and soft coal seams, the influence coverage of mining ground pressure in fully mechanized top coal caving face is much wider than that in the working face with general mining technology, but the intensity of pressure is much lower.
Analysis of Ground Fissures Induced by Underground Mining in a Metal Mine
Authors: Zhao Hai Jun , Ma Feng Shan , Guo Jie
Published: June 2011

Jinchuan nickel mine is the largest cut-and fill mining mine in China. After keep successive mining for nearly twenty years, it appeared serious ground fissures. A major thrust of this paper is to discuss the distribution features, deformation regularities, development tendency and formation mechanisms of ground fissures based on long-term subsidence monitoring and investigation. The results showed that large-scale ground subsidence basin has been developed in the mine area, and the ground fissures mainly scattered in the tensile zone of the subsidence basin. Besides, ground fissures have the features of compressive shear or tensile mechanical properties and zonary pattern. Unfortunately, with the mining scale keep expanding, both the quantity and width of the ground fissures increased rapidly. This will be unfavourable to safety of mining and engineering facilities. Therefore, strengthened monitoring and prevention works are essentially important to the similar mines which designed with cut-and-fill mining method.
Analysis of Transverse Seismic Performance of Large Diameter Tunnel in Different Soils
Authors: Xu Ying , Lv Lu , Yue Jun
Published: June 2011

In order to compare with the seismic performance of tunnels in different soils, four cases are studied and analyzed in the current paper. Due to the different depth in the soil, the displacements of different part of tunnel are various in the earthquake. To compare the seismic performance easily, the inclination degree is chosen as the index. And the results show the inclination degree is smallest when the whole tunnel is all in the stiff soil. And the soft soil is able to enhance the inclination degree.
Simulation of Deep Excavation and Shoring with FEM Based on ADINA
Authors: Zhang Xiang Dong , Zhang Shuang
Published: June 2011

Based on the deep foundation pit project of Wanbang Square in Qingdao, after many times numerical simulation of foundation pit with ADINA, the relationship conclusions were summed up by changing parameters of anchor rope and excavation step: The horizontal displacements of shoring structure became smaller by making the length of anchor rope longer or making the number of anchor ropes more or making the excavation step more; the uplift of the bottom of the foundation became smaller and the sedimentation of the surface became smaller by making the excavation steps more. It can offer reference to optimization of foundation pit supporting structural scheme.
Rock Bearing Capacity-Based Stepwise Bolting for Deep Underground Coal Roadway in China
Authors: Zhang Nong , Zhao Yi Ming , Si Guang Yao
Published: June 2011

Complicated occurrence situation of deep underground coal seams in China determines absence of a national rock classification index. Take Huainan mining area as an example, this paper aims to provide a practical method. It begins with a geo-mechanical assessment to check bolting feasibility of related rock mass. Once this is settled, roof self-bearing capacity coefficient and coal hardness coefficient which can comprehensively indicate basic characteristics of surrounding rock are integrated to classify the surrounding rock into four levels. Accordingly, stepwise bolting are provided according to dynamic combination of four basic bolting forms: super bolt assembly, cable bolt beam, high-pretension roof truss and metal chock plus grouting. An application case with rock Level III in Guqiao Mine, Huainan was introduced. Statistics show that bolt-based supporting is widely being used in more than 80% of Chinese coal mines with sound efficiency and applicability.
Risk Assessment on Ground Fissure Disasters of Xi’an Metro Line 3
Authors: Jiang Zhen Wei , Wang Qi Yao
Published: June 2011

Due to special geological environment in Xi’an, serious ground fissure disasters will occur to the Metro construction. According to the planning, Metro Line 3 will meet with the ground fissures at 15 segments. Based on the results of model test and numerical analysis, the minimum sedimentation value of ground fissure arousing disasters on metro was determined as . By using the evaluation model of risk degree as R = P×V, risk degrees of each segment where the metro crossed ground fissures was calculated. The results showed that in normal design circumstances, there are eight ultra-high risks segments and two high risks segments. Therefore, special measures should be taken to reduce risks for these segments with high risks or above.
Returns Policy Model for Supply Chain with Electronic Market in Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Guo Qing E , Wang Xue Qing , Wei Zhen
Published: June 2011

With the development of network technology and electronic commerce, an increasing number of people started on-line shopping. And the information of a probability distribution of the goods market demand is not easy to get due to lack of historical data. To resolve these two problems, this paper gives a system framework and model of returns policy for supply chain with electronic market in fuzzy environment. Basing on the uncertainty theory, this paper characterizes the demand of traditional and electronic market as fuzzy variables. A fuzzy expected value model is formulated for this problem, and a hybrid intelligent algorithm is designed to solve it.
Sustainability Assessment of Residence Project in China
Authors: Zhou Qi Lan
Published: June 2011

In the recent twenty years, with the rapid development of china’s economy and city construction, residential projects development becomes more prosperous than ever before. The speed of Chinese residential projects development is higher than any period in history. It brings many problems, such as house price went up too quickly, resources consumed over much and so on, due to the development speed was too high and the developers seeking high profit unilaterally. Therefore, we must seek a proper balance between endless requirements and limited resources supply and aim at to construct a keep zoology balance, increase the efficiency of energy and other resource, and share comfortable healthy and most cost-efficient residence as a final goal. Constructing sustainable residential community is the important embodiment of scientific development concept and the necessary requirement to change production mode and economy increase mode in the region of residential construction. It has great theoretical and practical value to improve the resident quality and level, construct best resident environment city and wealthy society. Based on previous reasons, the thesis try to provide a basic point for the whole industry to correspond via the evaluation and research on durative of Chinese residential project, to guide developers to follow a uniform high standard while developing residential projects, heighten the integral level of residence development.
Evaluation of Investment Risk in International Engineering Project Based on Improved Risk Matrix Method
Authors: Liu Jin , Gao Xuan Neng
Published: June 2011

In this paper, risk acceptability evaluation and risk weight and improved risk level were added in original risk matrix method according to its shortcomings and practicality and need of evaluation of investment risk in international engineering project. A model based on improved risk matrix method was put forward to evaluate investment risk in international engineering project. Firstly, investment risk evaluation index system of international engineering project was established. Secondly, level of risk factors were decided by risk impact level and risk probability scope, borda ordinal value was calculated to form judgment matrix, analytic hierarchy process was introduced to calculate risk weight. Synthetic risk level was determined by product of quantized value of risk level and corresponding risk weight. Risk acceptability evaluation was decided by risk impact level and risk probability scope. Finally, a case study was presented to verify the feasibility of the model which would provide a reliable basis for the investment decision.
Structural Damage Detection Depending on Curvature Matrix of Change in Flexibility
Authors: Li Yong Mei , Zhou Bin , Zhou Xi Yuan , Sun Guo Fu , Yang Bo Yan
Published: June 2011

Flexibility is more sensitive to structural damage than frequency or mode. Curvature matrix of change in flexibility is presented as a new index of nondestructive damage detection, which is derived from change in structural flexibilities calculated from before damaging and after damaging by means of difference calculation twice, firstly to columns, and then to rows. Therefore a new indicator called as δ Flexibility Curvature Matrix Diagonal (δFCMD) is constructed from the principal diagonal elements based on curvature matrix of change in flexibility. The numerical simulation examples indicate that the damage location and severity in structures, with single damage, multiple ones, slight ones and ones at the supports, can be detected efficiently for a cantilever beam, a fixed supported beam, a simply supported beams and so on by the indicator of δFCMD depending on only a few of lower order modes.
Developing a Framework of Economic Model for Building Component Lifecycle Repair
Authors: Bt Mohamed Ali Nasly , Amani Nima , Abd Samad Roslida
Published: June 2011

Building component maintenance management is one of the most important issues in management of building lifecycle costs. Key to successful maintenance management is the ability to survey present condition and predict future condition for each component and facility present in a building. One of the methods is condition-based. This paper reflects on the condition index progress in repair system and maintenance of building facility by research in similar subjects and looks specifically at the use of condition index (CI) as a development tool. The result of research can be published as a guide to assist the development of programmers in field of economic models for optimization of repair cost of building component.
The Scientific Development of Buildings Industry Based on Life Cycle Cost Theory
Authors: Sun Tie Bang
Published: June 2011

Buildings industry consume a great deal of energy and also have great influence to environment during the life cycle. So it is essential to carry out the scientific development as soon as possible. First, This paper makes an analysis of the factors that influence the scientific development from the perspective of life cycle of building. These factors include the type of buildings, energy consumption, water consumption, the impact on environment. the remove and disposal of waste buildings and so on. Second, it sets forth the significance of implementation of life cycle cost theory to the scientific development of buildings industry and how to boost the scientific development of buildings by means of life cycle cost management. At last, the paper also makes an analysis of the status in quo of life cycle cost theory and the scientific development of buildings. It gives some advices on the scientific development of buildings industry.
Analysis of Monitoring and Controlling of Settlement Caused by Construction of Wide Subway Tunnel with Center Drift Method
Authors: Li Dong Hai
Published: June 2011

With the modern process of city, subway becomes the best choice of resolving the traffic jamming because it is convenient and effective and well-environmental. As so far, there are three kinds of subway construction methods (shield tunnel, hidden excavated tunnel, pit and cover). Hidden excavated tunnel becomes the only choice in complex conditions because it is suitable. It is inevitable that hidden excavation leads to settlement and influence use of adjacent structure. That is even so when the big span tunnel excavates. This paper analyzes the action mechanism of construction scheme with central boring in controlling settlement according to a case in Beijing. At the same time, it analyzes the value and percent of settlement in each step of center drift method according to monitoring data in site. Finally, center drift method is effective measure to control settlement in big span tunnel and reduces the settlement in 5mm. As a successful case, it may be useful to future similar engineering.
Quoted Risk Cost Study Based on AHP
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shen Bi Wen
Published: June 2011

Construction bidding is dealing in future contract of fixed price first and made bargain： 拍板成交；成交 later, which decide that bidding is a high-risk activity. Quoted risk is object, uncertain and losses, bidder must correctly assess quoted risk if he hopes to manage project successfully. The article have built unit price risk assessment model based on AHP, gathered and neaten subjective judgment, ascertained hierarchic layers according to correlation and subordinate relationship, formed a layer system of risk factor, gotten judgment matrix and weight vector, quantified risk loss of every subproject, obtained the quoted risk ratio. All ensured bidder can find the critical risk control point and date back to subproject where the risk existed. So bidders can manage risk actively and prospectively. Exemplified risk assessment model of a residential house bidding in Hangzhou at last.
Analysis on the Transmission Type of Programe Schedule Risk
Authors: Li Hong Di , Zhang Xiao Qin
Published: June 2011

Based on the program characteristics, putting the program schedule management as the starting point , this paper analyzes the characteristics and transmission type of the program schedule risk. Combined with the practice of the program schedule management, it provides the risk-control method to avoid the program schedule risk.
Wheel/Rail Contact Geometry of Different Wheel Tread Profile in High-Speed Railway Turnout
Authors: Chen Rong , Ping Wang , Song Yang
Published: June 2011

Train/turnout dynamic interaction is exacerbated by high speed of passenger train and heavy load of freight train, and wheel/rail relation is one of the key factors that determine the running characteristics of the train. Focusing on three types of wheel treads with different profiles (TB tapered tread, LM worn tread, LMA worn tread), longitudinal distribution of the contact geometric parameters along the switch rail and nose rail of 350km/h No.18 turnout are calculated, such as tread equivalent conicity, coefficient of contact angle difference, roll angle factor, gravitational stiffness of wheelset, gravitational angle stiffness of wheelset, etc. Results show that: (1) LMA worn tread produces the smallest irregularity; (2) wheel/rail vertical impact at the frog will become bigger; (3) Top profile of switch rail and nose rail should be designed according to the wheel tread type so as to mitigate the wheel/rail dynamic interaction and increase the safety and stability of a train.
Analyzing Effective Length Factor of OBS Members
Authors: Naderi Arash , Sohrabi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2011

Using OBS (Off-center Bracing System) is one of the methods to make buildings resistant to the lateral Loads. This kind of brace has a great tendency to out of plane buckling. So, due to the lack of formal regulations, analyzing out of plane effective length of its members is important. In this paper, buckling load of 15 one-story frames is obtained and then out of plane effective length factor of the longer member is calculated. Finally, as buckling of one of the members causes the system to lose its stability, the mentioned effective length factor is introduced as out of plane effective length factor for all OBS members.
The Research of Existing Railway Survey and Evaluation Methods
Authors: Zhao Xiu Shao , Diao Xin Hong , Zhu Jian Nong
Published: June 2011

Based on the contrast of survey method in existing railway, considering the actual situation on site, nuclear densimeter, Evd and light dynamic penetration methods were used in survey, and then analyze influencing factors of survey results in existing railway. Since there is no mathematical statistics method for survey evaluation in existing railway, taking "Quality inspection and evaluation standards for highway engineering" as reference, evaluation standard for existing railway at 200km/h was proposed. Filling materials segment method, task segment method and enforcement segment method were used for the evaluation in Ning-Qi existing railway, the road sections length that need reinforcement was reduced, which achieves good effect.
Study on Stability of Lateral Vibration for Train-Bridge (Track) System
Authors: Zhou Zhi Hhui , Yang Lu , Lin Li Ke , Zeng Qing Yuan
Published: June 2011

The mechanism of train derailment is demonstrated to be the loss of the lateral vibration stability of train-bridge (track) system. Based on the theory of energy increment analysis for system movement stability, the method of stability analysis of lateral vibration for train-bridge (track) system and the energy increment criterion for derailment evaluation are put forward. The method of analyzing critical speed of train derailment is proposed on the basis of the energy increment criterion for derailment evaluation. The critical speed of freight train derailment on Youshui bridge and Laoluanhe bridge are calculated as 66.5 km/h and 65.2 km/h respectively, which are close to actual derailment speed 70 km/h. It is manifested that the method of stability analysis of lateral vibration for train-bridge (track) system is reasonable. The critical speed of train derailment on the Yanconggou bridge of Jingtong line are calculated as 73.0 km/h, and the results has provided important reference for operation department to take appropriate measures.
Influence of the Track's Stiffness Coefficient on the Acting Loads, Deflection and Dimensioning of Slab Track
Authors: Giannakos Konstantinos
Published: June 2011

Slab Track, as all railway structures, should provide secure train running and smooth passenger ride. Moreover, it should present sufficient vertical elasticity to distribute the loads to the adjacent fixing points of the rail. At the same time the deflection of the slab track should be comparable to that of the ballasted track which implies a decrease of the value of the acting forces during its Life-Cycle. In this paper the influence of the vertical stiffness of the track on the dimensioning of the slab track as a rigid pavement is presented.
Development of the Small-Sized Equipment for Detecting Short-Wave Irregularity of the Top Rail
Authors: He Yue Lei , Zhu Wen Liang , Kun Ji , Zeng Bin , Yang Chen
Published: June 2011

Short-wave irregularity of top rail has great influence on status of both train operation and rail track. Based on the non-contact measurement principle and the virtual instrument development platform with powerful function, the paper designs the system for detecting short-wave irregularity of the top rail based on virtual instrument with the eddy current displacement sensor. The system can realize online real-time display, analysis, processing, storage and search of historical data and printing. With this method, we can detect the smoothness of rails and provide a better scientific basis for making a plan to guide the daily work of track maintenance.
A Traffic Control Strategy for Sensitive Junction under Disaster Conditions
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Zhao Sheng , Liu Feng
Published: June 2011

This paper provides a contribution to the issue of signal control in a sensitive junction under disaster conditions. A signal control parameters optimization model is presented in order to prevent the spillback of queue in a short approaching link. Starting from an equilibrium equation, store-and-forward method based, this paper depicts the vehicular arrival and departure in a link. In addition, a minimum problem is presented aiming at that the evacuation demand approaching the sensitive junction can depart safely，efficiently with equal opportunities. Then a solution method, based on a improved FW, is proposed. At last, a simulate case via the simulation software – VISSIM is described. The results read that not only the model can prevent the spillback of sensitive phase but also enhance the entire throughout of the junction.
The Optimum Selection of Instrument Flight Procedure Design Scheme Based on the Relative Superiority Degree
Authors: Ken Chen
Published: June 2011

The optimum selection of instrument flight procedure design scheme is very important to the enhancement of capacity of terminal area, and to the work quality and efficiency of air traffic management and flight safety. However, in practice, the optimum selection is often made by experts based on their on their specialized knowledge and experience. This human-made selection in most cases could be biased or not optimum. To address this problem, we present an evaluation method based on the relative superiority degree technique. This method makes full use of evaluation information and makes unbiased optimum selection with very low human interference. We give details of using this method in this paper, including constructing evaluation indicator system, obtaining values of each indicator; building evaluation model based on relative superiority degree and finding solution of the model, etc. At the end of this paper, we present a numerical example to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.