bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIA DO GRUPO KAINGANG DO OESTE PAULISTA NA TERRA INDÍGENA VANUÍRE
Authors: Porto Júnior Francisco Gilson Rebouças , Martins Valquiria Cristina , Moraes Nelson Russo de , Marchetti Cristiane T. B. , Lacerda Anderson da Costa
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever o conteúdo histórico e etnográfico do grupo Kaingang do Oeste Paulista, na Terra Indígena Vanuíre, e como promovem sua economia.  Os Kaingang são povos pertencentes ao tronco linguístico Macro-Jê, e família Jê, é considerado um dos maiores grupos indígenas do ponto de vista populacional. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste artigo parte da tipologia bibliográfica e descritiva, tendo como técnica a pesquisa documental. Espera-se obter, com deste artigo, um conjunto sistematizado de informações, que ao alcançar o objetivo do trabalho, possa contribuir para o melhor entendimento sobre a economia do grupo Kaingang do Oeste Paulista, na Terra Indígena Vanuíre.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Etnodesenvolvimento; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuíre.
Solution of the Quintic and Sextic by Radicals
Authors: Franco Jorge A.
Published: November 2021

Applying a procedure similar to that of E.S. Bring, by using a 4th degree Tschirnhaus transformation, it was possible to transform the Bring-Jerrard normal quintic (BJQ) equation into a De Moivre form (DMQ), so that it could be solved by radicals. The general solution by radicals of the De Moivre equations of any degree is presented. By the same procedure the BJSx (normal sextic) equation was taken to another one without the 2nd, 4th and 6th terms which was transformed into a cubic (solvable) equation. By applying a 6th degree Tschirnhaus transformation to the BJSp (normal septic) equation its Bring-Jerrard binormal (without the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th terms) form was obtained.
Characterization of the In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Baloxavir Marboxil against the H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Taniguchi Keiichi , Ando Yoshinori , Kobayashi Masanori , Toba Shinsuke , Nobori Haruaki , Sanaki Takao , Noshi Takeshi , Kawai Makoto , Yoshida Ryu , Sato Akihiko , Shishido Takao , Naito Akira , Matsuno Keita , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Kida Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Human infections with the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) sporadically threatens public health. The susceptibility of HPAIVs to baloxavir acid (BXA), which is a new class of inhibitor for the influenza virus cap-dependent endonuclease, has been confirmed in vitro, but has not yet been characterized fully. Here, the efficacy of BXA against HPAIVs, including recent H5N8 variants in vitro was assessed. The antiviral efficacy of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) in H5N1 virus-infected mice was also investigated. BXA exhibited similar in vitro activities against H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8 variants tested to those of seasonal and other zoonotic strains. BXM monotherapy in mice infected with the H5N1 HPAIV clinical isolate; A/Hong Kong/483/1997 (H5N1) strain, also caused a significant reduction in viral titers in the lungs, brains, and kidneys, followed by prevention of acute lung inflammation and improvement of mortality compared with oseltamivir phosphate (OSP). Furthermore, combination treatments with BXM and OSP, using a 48-hour delayed treatment model showed a more potent effect on viral replication in organs, accompanied by improved survival compared to BXM or OSP monotherapy. From each test, no resistant virus (e.g., I38T in the PA) emerged in any BXM-treated mouse. These results therefore support the conclusion that BXM has potent antiviral efficacy against H5 HPAIV infections.
Targeting the Plasmodium falciparum Proteome and Organelles for Potential Antimalarial Drug Candidates
Authors: Abugri James
Published: November 2021

There is an overarching need to find alternative treatment options for malaria and this quest is more pressing in current times due to the morbidity and mortality data arising from most endemic countries and partially owing to the fact that the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has diverted much public health attention. Additionally, the therapeutic options available for malaria has been severely threatened with the emergence of resistance to almost all existing drugs by the human malaria parasite. The Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) which hitherto have been the mainstay for malaria have encountered resistance in South East Asia, a notorious ground zero for the emergence of antimalarial drug resistance. This review analyses few key druggable targets of the parasite and the potential to leverage strategic inhibitors to mitigate the scourge of malaria by providing a concise assessment of the essential proteins of the malaria parasite that could serve as targets. Furthermore, this work provides a summary of the advances made in malaria parasite biology and the potential to leverage such findings for antimalarial drug production.
The Development of Pop-Up Book Learning Media in Pancasila Materials Based on Local Wisdom at Elementary School
Authors: Afandi Muhamad , Yustiana Sari , Kesuma Nofita Puji
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The Development of Pop-Up Book learning media in Pancasila Material Based on Local Wisdom at second grade of Elementary Schools was conducted to find out its feasibility, practicality and effectiveness. This study used the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. At the Analysis stage, interviews, material analysis and student needs are carried out. Then, at the design stage, namely the selection of product formats and images are conducted. The development stage is carried out by validating the expert validator. Furthermore, the Implementation stage was tested on students and the Evaluation stage was carried out by pretest and posttest to determine the effectiveness of students. Based on these five stages, the development of Pop-Up Book Learning media resulted in the feasibility of learning media with a score of 0.90 which was obtained by four validators, then the practicality of the Pop-Up Book learning media got a value of 90.8%. The effectiveness of using the Gain Test was 0.45. and get the "moderate" criteria. Based on these results, the Pop-Up Book learning media is declared feasible, practical and effective in learning.
Analisis Perlakuan Akuntansi Atas Biaya Pemeliharaan dan Perbaikan Aset Tetap Pada PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai – Pelintung
Authors: Pase Aulia Fadhilah
Published: November 2021

Berdasarkan latar belakang, tujuan yang hendak dicapai oleh penulis yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlakuan akuntansi atas biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap pada PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai - Pelintung. Dalam melaksanakan penelitian ini, penulis berhasil mengumpulkan, mengolah, dan menganalisa data yang ada pada PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai - Pelintung. Dasar karakteristik dalam masalah yang diteliti yaitu mengenai Perlakuan akuntansi atas biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap pada PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai - Pelintung.

Perlakuan akuntansi atas biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap pada PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai - Pelintung dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap ke dalam dua kelompok biaya yaitu revenue expenditure dan capital expenditure. Untuk pemeliharaan dan perbaikan yang dikelompokkan ke dalam capital expenditure maka akan diakui sebagai penambah aset tetap. Sementara itu, untuk pemeliharaan dan perbaikan yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok revenue expenditure diakui sebagai beban langsung usaha dan beban tidak langsung usaha. Pengukuran nilai biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan dalam kelompok capital expenditure akan dapat menunjukkan perubahan nilai aset tetap dan dilaporkan dalam laporan neraca. Penambahan nilai aset tetap akan berpengaruh terhadap nilai akumulasi penyusutan aset tetap tersebut dengan metode penyusutan yang diterapkan yaitu metode garis lurus. Sementara, untuk kegiatan pemeliharaan dan perbaikan yang termasuk dalam kelompok revenue expenditure, akan diukur sebagai penambah nilai beban langsung usaha dan beban kantor dan dilaporkan dalam laporan laba rugi. Berdasarkan pembahasan diatas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai - Pelintung melakukan pemeliharaan dan perbaikan atas aset tetap. Untuk pemeliharaan dan perbaikan yang sifatnya rutin, nominalnya kecil, dan memberikan masa manfaat untuk 1 periode saja akan dimasukkan ke dalam revenue expenditure. Sementara itu, untuk pemeliharaan dan perbaikan yang sifatnya tidak rutin, bernilai besar, dan memberikan masa manfaat lebih dari satu periode maka akan dimasukkan ke dalam capital expenditure. Adapun saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu sebaiknya perusahaan menerapkan aturan yang jelas untuk pengeluaran biaya pemeliharaan dan perbaikan aset tetap berupa bangunan yang memiliki nilai di bawah Rp 10.000.000, tapi memiliki masa manfaat lebih dari satu  tahun akan dimasukkan ke dalam capital expenditure dan sebaiknya perusahaan menggunakan metode penyusutan jumlah output produksi.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Struktur Aset Terhadap Struktur Modal
Authors: Sari Dini Novita
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, ukuran perusahaan, dan struktur aset terhadap struktur modal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Sub sektor perkebunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan sampel yang terpilih sebanyak 5 (lima) perusahaan. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis akuntansi, analisis statistik deskriptif, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji asumsi klasik, koefisien determinan, dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas dan likuiditas berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap struktur modal dengan nilai signifikan kurang dari 0,05. Sedangkan ukuran perusahaan dan struktur aset tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap struktur modal karena memiliki nilai signifikan lebih besar daru 0,05. Adapun secara simultan menunjukkan profitabilitas, likuiditas, ukuran perusahaan, dan struktur aset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,00 < 0,05.
Early-life Psychological Stress Leads to Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory and Alters Hippocampal Proteome in Adult Rats
Authors: Han Lin , Xiong Xiaofan , Fan Meiyang , Zhang Lingyu , Liu Liying , Guo Chen , Gao Shanfeng , Wang Xiaofei , Zhao Lingyu , Xiao Xuan , Huang Chen , Yang Juan
Published: November 2021

Early-life psychological stress (ELPS) can cause anxiety, pessimism, and a decrease of cognitive ability in adult individuals. In this study, a psychological stress model (a terrified sound stress) was applied to new-born Sprague-Dawley rats for 21 days. And then, we separately evaluated the impact of ELPS on their spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal proteome from early-stage to the adult-stage. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was employed to evaluate their spatial learning and memory abilities after ELPS till to the adult-stage. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to uncover the protein expression profile of the hippocampus from both ELPS-young and ELPS-adult as well as their control groups. We found that the rats had a dysfunction of spatial learning and memory after the ELPS till to the adult-stage. The proteomic analysis revealed that 51 proteins were significant differentially expression, and 25 of them were down-regulated, while the other 26 proteins were up-regulated in the hippocampus of the ELPS-young rats compared with the controls. In the ELPS-adult rats, there were 56 significant differentially expression proteins, and 42 of them were down-regulated, the other 14 proteins were up-regulated in the hippocampus compared with their controls. Thirteen of the most significant differentially expressed proteins in ELPS-adult hippocampus were identified as SPTAN1, MYH4, HSPA8, HS90A, DYN1, DLDH, ARP3, GLNA, SAHH, HBB1, ACLY, TBB2A and GBB1, that demonstrated the greatest stress-induced changes. Furthermore, western blotting analyses consistently showed that the reduced expression of SPTAN1 and MYH4 whereas the expression of HSPA8 was up-regulated in the hippocampus after ELPS till to the adult-stage. The current study showed the impaired spatial learning and memory and changed hippocampal gene expressions induced by ELPS from early-stage to adult-stage in rats. This study shows that ELPS plays an important role in behavioral cognition and hippocampal protein expression in adult rats.
The Rain Forest Environment and Oil Palm Fatal Yellowing
Authors: Pereira Renata Cristina Martins , Neto Antônio Eduardo Furtini , Pozza Adélia Aziz Alexandre , Nascimento Sidney Vasconceslos , Silva Humberson Rocha , Valadares Rafael Borges , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Sá Núbia Maia e
Published: November 2021

Oil palm produces the most consumed vegetable oil in the world. In addition to being economically viable and having multiple uses, the crop has a strong ecological appeal, given its high level of carbon sequestration, its low environmental impact, and a low mechanization level in the harvest process, generating income and financial sustainability for the inhabitants of that biome. However, despite the large areas suitable for cultivation in harmony with the forest in Brazil, oil palm production has been limited by a disease known as fatal Yellowing (FY). In 30 years of research to determine the causal agent of this disease, many epidemiology studies with insects and plant pathogens have been performed, but there is no consensus on its cause. Abiotic factors have also started to be considered a possible cause of these symptoms. Therefore, to clarify the relationship of this disease to environmental variables, we studied the nutritional status of the plant, the soil class and fertility, the climatic variables and attempted to verify the set of proteins and their isoforms expressed in diseased palms showing FY symptoms and healthy palms. FY occurred under constant rain and in clay soils; consequently, the roots of these palm trees suffered anoxia, which caused nutritional problems and the accumulation of stress-related proteins. Under these conditions, the usually observed symptom was yellowing, which can lead to the death of the plant, giving the disease its name. In other words, the symptomatic picture is not associated with only a biotic cause. Thus, a pedological survey of the area, planting in soils not subject to waterlogging or with good drainage conditions, and the correct maintenance of soil fertility and plant nutrition may certainly contribute to the management of and reduction in fatal yellowing without the use of agrochemicals.
Phylogenetic and functional trait-based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Johnson Melissa
Published: November 2021

Tropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species-rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In the Pacific Basin there are nearly 200 species of Cyrtandra, most of which are white-flowered woody shrubs that are single-island endemics. Within these island communities, multiple Cyrtandra species are commonly observed to occur sympatrically in wet forest understories, forming swarms of what appear to be ecologically similar taxa. The aim of this study was to determine if communities of these plants are randomly assembled with respect to phylogenetic relatedness and traits that are ecologically relevant. Using a combination of ten functional traits and a well-resolved species phylogeny, I examined community assembly within 34 species of Cyrtandra across three Pacific archipelagoes. Coexisting species were generally found to be more closely related and more phenotypically similar than would be expected by chance. This pattern was observed at both broad (island communities) and fine (site communities) spatial scales. The retention of phylogenetic signal in floral traits and the strong influence of these traits on the observed degree of phylogenetic clustering may indicate that pollinators act as a biotic filter for closely related species of Cyrtandra. In contrast, the absence of phylogenetic signal in most leaf traits, coupled with the lower contribution of these traits to niche clustering, suggests that environmental filtering along this trait axis is minimal in the observed communities. This study supports the theory that plant communities are not randomly assembled, and instead, that niche-based processes structure biodiversity at broad and fine spatial scales in diverse congeneric species assemblages.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in Combination With Stroke.
Authors: Cha Jung Guen , Hong Jihoon
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAs pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) include a right-to-left shunt, it can be accompanied by fatal complications such as stroke and brain abscess due to paradoxical embolism. There are few PAVM patients accompanied by concurrent pulmonary embolism, so the treatment sequence has not been established. Case presentationA 62-year-old female patient was transferred to our hospital with a simple PAVM and concurrent bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE). The acute thromboembolus was extended to the proximal segmental artery where the feeding artery originated. Anticoagulation was started, but on the fifth day of admission, the patient complained of left side weakness and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute infarction in the right lateral thalamus. This situation could lead to a dilemma between the risk of thrombus migration during catheter manipulation in PAVM embolization and another embolic event due to the late occlusion of the shunt during anticoagulation. This complex situation was successfully managed with delayed endovascular embolization for PAVM after four months of anticoagulation. The cause of PE in this patient was eventually diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).ConclusionThe authors reported a rare case of APS-induced PE in the PAVM feeding artery course that led to stroke during hospitalization. We successfully treated this patient with delayed endovascular embolization for PAVM after anticoagulation for PE and stroke. It is thought to be valuable in deciding for a treatment plan for this rare condition.
A Successful Individual Endodontic Treatment of Severely Curved Root Canals in Mandibular Second Molars: A Case Report
Authors: Xu Laijun , zhang jianying , huang zihua , wang xiangzhu
Published: November 2021

Background and Overview

The incidence rate of severely curved root canals in mandibular molars is low, and the root canal treatment of mandibular molars with this aberrant canal anatomy may be visibly and technically challenging.

Case Description

A 26-year-old Chinese female patient presented with intermittent and occlusal pain in the left mandibular second molar. The patient had undergone caries for filling restoration before endodontic consultation. With the aid of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), a large periapical radiolucency was observed, and curved root canals in a mandibular second molar were confirmed, depicting a severe and curved distolingual root. Nonsurgical treatments, including novel individual preparation skills and techniques and the use of bioceramic materials as an apical barrier, were performed, and complete healing of the periapical lesion and a satisfactory effect were achieved.

Conclusions and Practical implications

A case of a severely curved root canal in a mandibular second molar was successfully treated and reported herein. The complex anatomy of the tooth and the postoperative effect were also evaluated via the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of CBCT images, which accurately identified the aberrant canal morphology. Furthermore, new devices and biomaterial applications combined with novel synthesis techniques can increase the success rate of intractable endodontic treatment.
Electrophysiological assessment of peripheral nerves and neuro-muscular junctions in patients following self-poisoning with paraquat
Authors: Jayasinghe Sudheera S , Pathirana Kithsiri D , Wunnapuk Klintean , Mithunika A W K , Chandrasiri H M N W , Hansani J K N , Dawson Andrew H , Buckley Nick A
Published: November 2021

Paraquat is neurotoxic. We aimed to study the electrophysiological effects of peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in the survivors of paraquat poisoning. A cohort study was conducted on patients following paraquat poisoning. Controls were recruited. The assessments were performed around one and six weeks after the exposure. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), F-wave studies, cardiovascular response to different stimuli, sympathetic skin response (SSR) studies, and exercise modified supramaximal slow repetitive stimulation (RNS) and electromyography (EMG) were performed. There were 28 (21 males) patients and 56 controls. The mean (SD) age of the patients and the controls were 29 (12) and 31 (11) years. Significant impairment at the first assessment in the SNCV of ulnar nerve, amplitude of ulnar nerve CMAP on distal stimulation, and F-wave occurrence in median, ulnar and tibial nerves; change of systolic blood pressure three minutes after standing and SSR amplitude ( vs controls) was observed. All parameters reverted to normal at six weeks after the exposure. There was electrophysiological evidence for somatic nerve, autonomic, and NMJ dysfunction following acute paraquat poisoning which was not seen at six weeks after the exposure.
Hsa_circ_0000520 is Involved in Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting miR-542-3p/S1PR1 Axis
Authors: Zhao Jianjie , Wang Xueqin , Jiang Juan , Ding Yao , wu qinan
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
MiR-20a-5p is Multifunctional Regulator in Chickens Immune Responses Induced by NDV, IBDV and AIV Vaccines Respectively
Authors: Wu Yiru , Liu Yang , Wang Qiuyuan , Wen Jie , Han Jianwei , Tian Yufei , Man Chaolai
Published: November 2021

MiR-20a is an important regulator of immune function. To further explore the expression and functional characteristics of miR-20a in different immune responses, the spatiotemporal expression characteristics of miR-20a-5p in the immunized chicken models induced by three poultry vaccines (infectious bursal disease attenuated vaccine, Newcastle disease attenuated vaccine and avian influenza inactivated vaccine) were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of serum circulating miR-20a-5p were significantly different in different stage of the three immune responses. The expression patterns of tissue miR-20a-5p at two time points (5dpi and 21dpi) were similar between ND group and H9 group, but different from IBD group, and the spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were the possible key tissues for miR-20a-5p playing immune regulatory functions in different immune responses. This study showed that miR-20a-5p was a multifunctional key factor involved in different immune responses, and provided a reference for further exploring the immune regulation function and potential application of miR-20a.
Functional Interaction Between S100A1 and MDM2 May Modulate p53 Signaling in Normal and Malignant Endometrial Cells
Authors: Nakagawa Mayu , Higuchi Shyoma , Hashimura Miki , Oguri Yasuko , Matsumoto Toshihide , Yokoi Ako , Ishibashi Yu , Ito Takashi , Saegusa Makoto
Published: November 2021

Background
S100A1 expression is deregulated in a variety of human malignancies, but its role in normal and malignant endometrial cells is unclear.
Methods
We used endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cell lines to evaluate the physical and functional interaction of S100A1 with p53 and its negative regulator, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). We also evaluated the expression of S100A1, p53, and MDM2 in clinical samples consisting of 89 normal endometrial and 189 Em Ca tissues.
Results
S100A1 interacted with MDM2 but not p53 in Em Ca cell lines. Treatment of cells stably overexpressing S100A1 with Nutlin-3A, an inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interaction, increased expression of p53-target genes including p21waf1 and BAX. S100A1 overexpression enhanced cellular migration, but also sensitized cells to the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of Adriamycin, a genotoxic agent; these phenotypes were abrogated when S100A1 was knocked down using shRNA. In clinical samples from normal endometrium, S100A1 expression was significantly higher in endometrial glandular cells of the middle/late secretory and menstrual stages when compared to cells in the proliferative phases; high S100A1 was also positively correlated with expression of MDM2 and p21waf1 and apoptotic status, and inversely correlated with Ki-67 scores. However, such correlations were absent in Em Ca tissues.
Conclusion
The interaction between S100A1 and MDM2 may modulate proliferation, susceptibility to apoptosis, and migration through alterations in p53 signaling in normal-but not malignant-endometrial cells.
The Safety and Feasibility of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Management in Non-intubated Subxiphoid-subcostal Thoracoscopic Thymectomy: Preliminary Results
Authors: Cao Peng , Hu Shan , Xu Qiaoqiao , Kong Kangle , Han Peng , Yue Jiaqi , Deng Yu , Qu Wensheng , Yi Zhang , Li Fan , Zhao Bo , Yang Ziheng
Published: November 2021

Intubated general anesthesia and single-lung ventilation are considered mandatory for conventional thoracoscopic surgery. Non-intubated thoracoscopic thymectomy is technically challenging. The aim of this article was to present the initial results of non-intubated subxiphoid-subcostal thoracoscopic thymectomy (NI-STT) under LMA management for patients with thymic tumor or myasthenia gravis (MG) and to investigate the feasibility and safety of the procedure. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing NI-STT for thymic tumor or MG at our department from January 2017 to January 2020 was performed. The clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of the patients were reviewed and analyzed. A total of 61 patients were received NI-STT in this analysis, of which 19 patients with MG undergone an extended thymectomy and the rest (n=42) undergone a partial thymectomy. The anesthetic induction duration, surgical duration and global operating room duration were 24.83±12.27 min, 118.75±32.49 min and 173.51±41.80 min, respectively. The lowest SpO2 and peak EtCO2 during operation were 96.15±2.93 mmHg and 41.79±7.53 mmHg, respectively. The mean duration of chest drainage and postoperative hospital stays were 1.87 days, and 2.91 days, respectively. Three cases had sore throat and irritable cough and two cases suffered nausea and vomiting occurred. one patient suffered from an atrial fibrillation, two patients experienced pneumonia, and one patient suffered wound infection, respectively. There were no phrenic nerve paralysis and mortality occurred in the study group. The postoperative pain was low on 1,3, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 postoperative days. NI-STT was a technically safe and feasible approach for treating thymic tumors or MG. It could be an alternative to intubated single-lung ventilation for thymectomy in selected patients.
Analysis of Supportive Care Needs and Related Factors of Colorectal Cancer Patients in China
Authors: Dong Bei , Yuan Yang , Lin Lu , Guo Daoxia , Qi Yishu , Xie Congyan , Tian Li
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to clarify the supportive care needs and related factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in China through investigation and study, and then provide a reference for the formulation of relevant interventions and ultimately improve their quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the oncology and radiotherapy departments of four first-class hospitals in Suzhou from January 2020 to September 2020. The survey tools included the general information questionnaire, Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in cancer for patients, M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Spearman correlation analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were adopted to explore the influencing factors of supportive care needs.Results: A total of 403 CRC patients were included, with an average age of 58.83±10.86 years, including 257 males (63.77%); the average score of supportive care needs was 39.56±18.58, the scores of health care staff need and information needs ranked the top two. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the supportive care needs were positively correlated with symptom severity, symptom interference, anxiety, and depression. Univariate analysis displayed higher levels of supportive care needs among female, single/divorced/widowed, rectal cancer, and palliative care patients. Multiple stepwise regression analysis combining the results of correlation analysis and univariate analysis found that anxiety, symptom interference, symptom severity, and cancer type all affected the supportive care needs of CRC patients. The differences were significant, which can explain 35% of the variation.Conclusions: In the supportive care needs management of colorectal cancer patients, it is necessary to attach great importance to health care staff and information needs, focus on female, single/divorced/widowed, rectal cancer, and palliative care patients, and pay great attention to reducing the symptom burden, anxiety, and depression when formulating intervention strategies.
Use of Public Transport and Contraction of SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Prospective Cohort in Norway.
Authors: Ellingjord-Dale Merete , Kalleberg Karl Trygve , Istre Mette , Nygaard Anders B. , Brunvoll Sonja H. , Eggesbø Linn M. , Dahl John Arne , Kjetland Eyrun F. , Ursin Giske , Søraas Arne
Published: November 2021

Background: For many people public transport is the only mode of travel, and it can be challenging to keep the necessary distances in such a restricted space. The exact role of public transportation and risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is not known. Methods: Participants (n=121 374) were untested adult Norwegian residents recruited through social media who in the spring of 2020 completed a baseline questionnaire on demographics and use of public transport. Incident cases (n=1069) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test registered at the Norwegian Messaging System for Infectious Diseases by January 27, 2021. We investigated the association between use of public transport and SARS-CoV-2 using logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, calendar time, gender, municipality, smoking, income level, fitness and underlying medical conditions were estimated. Frequency of use of public transport was reported for 2 week-periods. Results: Before lockdown, those who tested positive on SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to have used public transport 1-3 times (OR =1.28, CI 1.09-1.51), 4-10 times (OR=1.49, CI 1.26-1.77) and ≥11 times (OR=1.50, CI 1.27-1.78, p for trend<0.0001) than those who had not tested positive. Conclusion: Use of public transport was positively associated with contracting SARS-CoV-2 both before and after lockdown.
Psychometric Comparison of the Persian Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale and Emotional Eater Questionnaire Among Iranian Adults
Authors: Ghafouri Sahar , Abdollahi Abbas , Hagi Maryam , Ganbari Ali , Asmundson Aleiia J.N.
Published: November 2021

Background: The Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) are self-reported measures developed to evaluate emotional eating in adults in Western countries. To date, the psychometric properties of the SEES and the EEQ have not been studied among Iranian adults. The aim of the current study is to translate the SEES and the EEQ from English to Persian and examine the psychometric properties of the SEES and EEQ.Method: The sample of this study comprised of 489 Iranian adults who completed the SEES and the EEQ questionnaires online. Results: Findings of face, content, and construct validity tests confirmed that the SEES and the EEQ had acceptable validity and appropriate reliability. The results from confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for two measures. Conclusion: Results of Average Variance Extracted, Construct Reliability, and goodness-of-fit indices showed that the SEES was better for evaluating emotional eating among Iranian adults than the EEQ.
The Prevalence of Ocular Demodex folliculorum in 2253 Young Males The Prevalence of Ocular Demodex folliculorum
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Yunpeng , Yan Weiming , Chen Meizhu
Published: November 2021

AimTo determine the prevalence and influencing factors of Demodex folliculorum (DF) in the eyelashes of healthy young males.MethodsAn epidemiological cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted. A total of 2253 healthy young males (aged 17-24 years) were studied for the presence of DF within eyelash follicles. The presence of DF was analyzed according to various factors.ResultsThe total prevalence of DF was 20.73% in our study. Subjects with history of myopia correction surgery had a statistically significant increase in the positive rate of DF (P<0.001). The positive rate was higher in subjects with ocular symptoms than in those without symptoms (P<0.05). Factors such as the educational level, long-term residence, annual household income, sleep time, time of using electronic products, smoke and drinking habits, had no significant correlation with the DF positive rate (all P>0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the history of myopic correction surgery was the risk factors of DF infection (P<0.001). There was no correlation between ocular discomfort and DF infection (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of DF in eyelash follicles in healthy young men was relatively high. The history of myopic correction surgery was an important risk factor for the infection.
Near-field Strong Plasmonic Resonances in Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2 Topological Insulator Film
Authors: Guo Baoshan , Yao Huan , Zhan Ningwei , Jiang Lan
Published: November 2021

Topological insulators are a new class of quantum materials with metallic (edge) surface states and insulating bulk states. They exhibit various novel electronic and optical properties that make them highly promising electronic, spintronic, and optoelectronic materials. Our report confirms that the topological insulator Bi 1.5 Sb 0.5 Te 1.8 Se 1.2 (BSTS) is also an effective plasmonic material in the visible and near-infrared range. A BSTS film can effectively control transmission and reflection characteristics by changing the period of the hole array. This study determined that a strong resonant surface plasmonic mode at the resonance peak can confine approximately 80% of the electromagnetic field energy is demonstrated. Higher-order (second- and third-order) resonance peaks were also found, which is critical for controlling electromagnetic waves and research into new optoelectronic devices.
Interfacial reactions in lithia-based cathodes depending on the binder in the electrode and salt in the electrolyte
Authors: Im Hee Jeong , Park Yong Joon
Published: November 2021

Lithia (Li2O)-based cathodes, utilizing oxygen redox reactions for obtaining capacity, exhibit higher capacity than commercial cathodes. However, they are highly reactive owing to superoxides formed during charging, and they enable more active parasitic (side) reactions at the cathode/electrolyte and cathode/binder interfaces than conventional cathodes. This causes deterioration of the electrochemical performance limiting commercialization. To address these issues, the binder and salt for electrolyte were replaced in this study to reduce the side reaction of the cells containing lithia-based cathodes. The commercially used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder and LiPF6 salt in the electrolyte easily generate such reactions, and the subsequent reaction between PVDF and LiOH (from decomposition of lithia) causes slurry gelation and agglomeration of particles in the electrode. Moreover, the fluoride ions from PVDF promote side reactions, and LiPF6 salt forms POF3 and HF, which cause side reactions owing to hydrolysis in organic solvents containing water. However, the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder and LiTFSI salt decrease these side reactions owing to their high stability with lithia-based cathode. Further, thickness of the interfacial layer was reduced, resulting in decreased impedance value of cells containing lithia-based cathodes. Consequently, for the same lithia-based cathodes, available capacity and cyclic performance were increased owing to the effects of PAN binder and LiTFSI salt in the electrolyte.
Propylimidazole Functionalized Coumarin Derivative as Dual Responsive Fluorescent Chemoprobe for Picric Acid and Fe3+ Recognition: DFT and Natural Spring Water Applications
Authors: ELMAS Şükriye Nihan KARUK , Karagoz Abdurrahman , Arslan Fatma Nur , Yilmaz Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

A propylimidazole functionalized coumarin derivative (IPC) was fabricated for the first time and applied as a dual responsive fluorescent chemoprobe for sensitive and selective recognitions of picric acid (PA) and Fe3+. Strong fluorescence quenching phenomena of the IPC were observed in H2O/ACN (5/95, v/v) medium (λem=408 nm) upon the additions of Fe3+or PA. The fabricated dual responsive IPC offered good selectivity and sensitivity with the low limit of detection values (0.92 µM for PA and 0.22 µM for Fe3+) lower than the acceptable amounts of Fe3+ and PA by the international official authorities. The interaction phenomena of IPC with PA and Fe3+ based on the findings of a range of experiments were considered and DFT computations were done to verify their recognition mechanisms. The sensing phenomena of IPC towards PA (1:1) and Fe3+ (3:1) were confirmed by the MALDI TOF–MS, FT–IR, 1H–NMR titration and Job's methods. Furthermore, the compound IPC was effectively applied as a fluorescent sensor for Fe3+ and PA detection in real natural spring water samples.
High Prevalence of Vancomycin Non-Susceptible and Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococci in Farmed Animals and Fresh Retail Meats in Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Mohammed A. , Sagor Md Shahjalal , Hossain Muhammad Sazzad , Karim Md Rezaul , Mahmud Mohammad Asheak , Shownaw Fahria A. , Mia Zakaria , Sarker Md Samun , Card Roderick M. , Agunos Agnes , Johanna Lindahl
Published: November 2021

The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus spp., a leading cause of untreatable nosocomial infection, in food animals and dissemination to humans is a public health concern. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in food animals and meats in Bangladesh. Enterococcus spp., were confirmed using sodA gene specific PCR, and antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties were characterized by PCR. Enterococcus spp. were recovered from 57% of the collected samples (n=201/352). Farm samples yielded significantly higher (p≤0.05) prevalence (62%) compared to retail meat samples (41%) and E. faecalis (52%) was most frequently isolated species. High proportions of isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (74%), erythromycin (65%) and ciprofloxacin (34%). Fifty-one isolates were vancomycin non-susceptible enterococci (VNSE), of which forty-seven were MDR and 20 were linezolid resistant, a last line drug for VNSE. Virulence factors such as gelatinase (gelE), aggregation factor (asa1) and sex pheromone (cpd) were detected along with vancomycin resistance gene (vanA, vanB and vanC2/C3) in VNSE isolates. The high prevalence of MDR enterococci in food animals and retail meats may lead to infection in consumers with concomitant reduced therapeutic options available for treatment.
IFN-γ Enhances the Efficacy of Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction Rats via miR-21 Stimulated by STAT1
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lu Yao , Mao Yangming , Yu Yue , Wu Tianyu , Zhao Wei , Zhu Yeqian , Zhao Pengcheng , Zhang Fengxiang
Published: November 2021

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) activated with IFN-γ elicit more powerful physical effects. Exosomes (Exos) secreted from MSCs have protective against myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Exsos derived from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs exhibit more potent cardioprotective function and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Exos were isolated from MSCs (Ctrl-Exo) and IFN-γ-primed MSCs (IFN-γ-Exo) and were then delivered to H9c2 cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) condition or in vivo in an infarcted rat heart. RNA sequencing was to identify the different expressed functional transcription factor (TF). Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR) was to confirm the upregulated TF and miRNA in IFN-γ-primed MSCs. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were to analyze the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs by STAT1. The target of miR-21-5p (miR-21) was disclosed by luciferase reporter assays and qPCR. The function of BTG2 was verified in vitro under OGD condition.Result: IFN-γ-Exo accelerated migration, tube-like structure formation, and prevented H9c2 from OGD-induced apoptosis. Similarly, IFN-γ-Exo leaded to further reduction in fibrosis size, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function compared to Ctrl-Exo. miR-21 was significantly upregulated in both IFN-γ-primed MSCs and IFN-γ-Exo. STAT1 transcriptionally induced miR-21 expression. Up-regulated miR-21 can inhibit the expression of BTG2. BTG2 promoted H9c2 cells apoptosis and reversed the protective effect of miR-21 under OGD environment.Conclusion: IFN-γ-Exo have enhanced therapeutic efficacy against acute MI possibly through promoting angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic effect through increasing the level of miR-21, which directly targeted on BTG2.
Negative Autoregulation Controls size Scaling in Confined Gene Expression Reactions
Authors: Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: November 2021

Gene expression via transcription-translation is the most fundamental reaction to sustain biological systems, and complex reactions such as this one occur in a small compartment of living cells. Transcriptional feedback that controls gene expression during mRNA synthesis is a vital mechanism that regulates protein synthesis in cells. There is increasing evidence that the cellular compartment induces steric effects in gene expression reactions. However, the finite-size effect of spatial constraints on feedback regulation is not well understood. Here, we study the confinement effect on transcriptional negative feedback regulation of gene expression reactions using a theoretical model. We find that negative feedback regulation alters the scaling relation of gene expression level on compartment volume, approaching the regular scaling relation without the steric effect. Our findings suggest that negative autoregulatory feedback at the transcription step can dampen the size-dependence of protein expression levels in heterogeneous cell populations.
Cannabis Cultivator Phenotype and Attribute Preferences in Legal Recreational and Medical Cannabis Cultivation Operations in Oregon and Colorado
Authors: Nelsen Berit
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAs recreational and medicinal Cannabis sativa production increases across the United States, concerns have arisen regarding declines in cannabis biodiversity. Studies have suggested genetic bottlenecking has occurred primarily because of breeder and cultivator preferences and practices which over-emphasize the selection of strains with high contents of the psychoactive cannabinoid, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). No study to-date, however, has sought to systematically assess grower and breeder knowledge, preferences, and practices within legal operations within the United States. MethodsTwenty-one licensed recreational and medical cannabis growers in the states of Colorado and Oregon were provided with free lists to ascertain cultural domains of knowledge regarding cannabis phenotypes and attributes within commercial cannabis production operations. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with participants to provide more nuanced explanations of free-list responses, and to clarify responses where necessary. Free-list results were initially ungrouped excepting those variables whose meanings had been triangulated utilizing interview data. Free list data was assessed utilizing Smith’s S formula to ascertain cultural salience for listed attributes and phenotypes. A second analysis was then conducted for grouped terpene-related data. Results Results from the ungrouped free list identified Yield as the most culturally salient category (.29) followed by High THC Content (.26) and Smell (.25). Overall, horticultural characteristics such as yield, plant structure, and morphology garnered were the most frequently listed, followed by chemometrics, economics, and phenology, with some overlap between these categorizations. Though THC content was described as important within commercial operations by most growers both within free-list responses and interviews, growers also expressed that this preference was due to state testing regulations and a misinformed consumer base, rather than grower partialities. Respondents also noted that they believed consumer preferences were changing as consumer demographics were beginning to trend towards “older” consumers. When terpene-related attributes within free-listed results were combined utilizing triangulation from semi-structured interviews to verify the free list data, terpenes became the most cultural-salient attribute listed by growers (.42). Conclusions The results from this study suggest that cannabis biodiversity may indeed be declining due to breeder practices that emphasize THC content, but that these practices are informed by state policies and consumer purchasing metrics rather than grower preferences.
Effective Detection of Phenylalanine Using Pyridine Based Sensor
Authors: Sathya Vijayakumar , Srinivasadesi Venkatesan , Lee Shyi-Long , Padmini Vediappen
Published: November 2021

Pyridine based organic fluorophore has been synthesized for the detection of phenylalanine (PA). The quenching has been observed between fluorophore and PA through ICT system as noticed by colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques. Under optimized conditions, the fluorophore detects PA selectively in the presence of other biomolecules. The practical application of the fluorophore has been successfully applied in human blood serum and urine.
Effects of Electrolyte Flushing and Surface State on Electropolishing TB2 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wei Ying , Fang Xiaolong , Qu Ningsong , Zhu Di
Published: November 2021

TB2 titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry. A high surface quality is required for the performance and fatigue life of titanium alloy parts. Electropolishing is useful for thin metal plates owing to its good processability and conformability. In this study, electrolyte flushing was proposed for electropolishing a large surface and a NaCl-containing ethylene glycol electrolyte was adopted. Three different mechanical grindings were employed for pretreatment, and the ideal surface quality was obtained with a rubber grinding head. Therefore, in the process of electropolishing a large surface, electrolyte flushing is superior to stirring because its flow field is even and controllable. The effects of the main processing parameters (voltage, flow rate, and process time) on the surface roughness and morphology were studied. Finally, a mirror-like surface with a surface roughness of 10.5 nm was obtained after flushing electropolishing for 30 min under a voltage of 25 V and a flow rate of 0.84 m/s.