bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos sociais na vida da pessoa com implante coclear: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Josana Carla Gomes Soares , Paulino Vanessa Cristina , Costa Maria Da Piedade Resende da
Published: March 2020

Ainda existem divergências quanto ao uso do implante coclear (IC) entre a comunidade surda que vê este como um retrocesso na luta pelo reconhecimento de sua língua e cultura e a comunidade médica que acredita ser este o modo mais adequado em tratar a deficiência auditiva. Sobre esse tema, objetivou-se averiguar a produção nacional acerca dos efeitos sociais advindos do implante coclear na vida do indivíduo implantado. A pesquisa empregou a metodologia da Revisão Sistemática, que buscou revisar bibliografias e delinear um trabalho reflexivo e compreensivo, assim como fazer uma análise histórica-crítica interdisciplinar do tema. A análise permitiu considerar que os efeitos sociais na vida do implantado, decorrentes do IC, podem ser negativos quando relacionados ao aspecto físico do dispositivo externo, podendo resultar em vergonha, sentimento de inferioridade e insegurança. Os aspectos psicossociais e a qualidade de vida após o implante não foram abordados significativamente nos estudos analisados. A partir da análise dos estudos foi levantada a hipótese de que os efeitos sociais na vida da pessoa, em decorrência do implante coclear, são distintos em adolescentes e adultos. Por essa revisão sistemática observou-se ser necessário pesquisar mais sobre estes efeitos, com o propósito de compreender como eles afetam a qualidade de vida da pessoa implantada e como isto pode interferir em sua vida. Sugere-se, por fim, que uma revisão sistemática sobre o tema seja realizada em âmbito internacional, com a finalidade de analisar a produção científica na área.
Is it possible to quantify the functions of the dress? A Question for Functional Analysis Methods in Design
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Fernández-Silva Claudia , Riáscos Camila Pastás , Duque Juan David Mira
Published: March 2020

When we face the study of dress from its artifactual identity, we observe that its so-called functional dimension cannot be understood in the same terms proposed by the ergonomics of the product, that is, from the ergonomic concepts of usability, efficiency, effectiveness and psychological comfort in relation to a specific activity or work. This article, presents the results of a review of the functional analysis methods commonly used by design for the study of clothing, and explains why they are insufficient or limited to address the multiple functions of this particular artifact. At the same time, it proposes some considerations for its functional analysis that contribute in a decisive way to the design process of the clothing design.
Análisis de la autopercepción sobre el nivel de competencia digital docente en la formación inicial de maestros/as.
Authors: Girón Escudero Virginia , Cózar Gutiérrez Ramón , González-Calero Somoza José Antonio
Published: March 2020

La competencia digital en la formación inicial docente es esencial en la actualidad ya que los estudiantes de enseñanza básica están en frecuente contacto con las nuevas tecnologías. Por tanto, sería conveniente que los futuros docentes acabasen el grado con una competencia digital óptima. Los objetivos de este estudio se centran en analizar el grado de competencia digital docente en el alumnado de Grado de Educación Infantil y Primaria mediante el modelo del “Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente” del INTEF (2017b). La metodología seguida ha sido de carácter cuantitativo observacional. Para ello, se ha utilizado un cuestionario online basado en dicho modelo, en el que han participado un total de 117 estudiantes de 4º curso de los Grados de Maestro en Ed. Infantil y Ed. Primaria de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete. Los resultados adquiridos muestran un nivel básico en las áreas estudiadas en ambas titulaciones tanto al inicio como al final del grado. Finalmente, se concluye que se hace necesaria la formación en TIC en los títulos del Grado para la adaptación de los futuros maestros y maestras a las necesidades del alumnado de Educación Infantil y Primaria.

Nowadays, digital competence in the initial training is essential since elementary students are often in touch with ICT. Therefore, it would be advisable that future teachers finish the degree with optimal digital competence. This study aims at analyzing teachers’ digital competence in students of teacher training degrees through the INTEF model (2017) “Common Framework for Teachers’ Digital Competence”. We followed a quantitative and observational methodology. For this purpose, an online questionnaire based on this model was used and 117 students participated. These students were mainly 4th year Early-Childhood and Primary Education students in the Faculty of Education. The results achieved show a basic level in the areas studied both in Early-Childhood and Primary, as well as at the beginning and end of their Education. To conclude, the inclusion of ICT training is necessary in training future Early-Childhood and Primary teachers in order to satisfy the needs of their students.
Análisis de la orientación académica y profesional en Educación Secundaria y su adaptación al alumnado con necesidad específica de apoyo educativo
Authors: Costa Jiménez Patricia , Martínez Ramón Juan Pedro , Ruiz Esteban Cecilia , Méndez Mateo Inmaculada
Published: March 2020

Esta investigaciónanaliza el desarrollo de la orientación académica y profesional en Educación Secundaria y su adaptación al alumnado con necesidad específica de apoyo educativo (ACNEAE). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de diseño ex post facto. El muestreo ha sido intencional y por conveniencia. La muestra fue de N=13 Institutos de Educación Secundaria (IES) de titularidad pública del municipio de Murcia (España). El cuestionario aplicado mide las características de los centros estudiados, el procedimiento de la orientación académica y profesional y analiza la respuesta dada por la comunidad educativa al ACNEAE a través del programa de orientación académico y profesional (POAP). Los resultados muestran la situación actual de la orientación educativa, la participación de los agentes educativos y el grado de inclusión de los elementos del POAP. Las conclusiones del estudio giran en torno a la necesidad de una mayor participación de la comunidad educativa en el proceso de orientación académica y profesional y adaptación del plan de orientación académica y profesional a las necesidades del alumnado. La información derivada de esta investigación puede ser de utilidad para diseñar programas específicos de desarrollo de la madurez vocacional.

This research analyzes the development of academic and vocational guidance in secondary education, especially students with special educational needs. This is a descriptive study of ex post facto design. Sampling was intentional and convenience. The sample attained was composed of N=13 public Secondary Schools of the municipity of Murcia. The questionnaire implemented measures the characteristics of the centers studied, the procedure of academic and professional guidance and analyzes the response of this process in students with educational needs by means of the academic and professional orientation program. The results show the current situation of educational orientation, the participation of educational agents in the POAP and the analysis of the main elements that compose this program. The conclusions of this paper revolve around the following themes: the need for greater participation of the educational community in the process of academic and professional guidance and a greater adaptation of plan for academic and vocational guidance according to the needs presented by the students. The information derived from this research can be useful for designing specific programs so students with educational needs can develop their vocational attitude.
Aprender a emprender bajo el binomio familia-escuela
Authors: Caballero García Presentación Ángeles , Jiménez Martínez Mª Pilar , Guillén Tortajada Esmeralda
Published: March 2020

La discusión sobre si escuela y familia influyen en la formación continua del discente para el desarrollo laboral, ha despertado gran interés social. La competencia emprendedora no se trabaja suficientemente desde la escuela y, sin embargo, facilita la inserción laboral futura. Defendemos su impulso conjunto desde el núcleo familiar y la escuela, involucrando a la comunidad. La investigación demuestra que estos programas educativos integrados estimulan el éxito académico, la inclusión social y la inserción laboral. El artículo revisa la literatura sobre el tema, ofreciendo una propuesta de práctica exitosa de desarrollo de la competencia emprendedora, basada en la sinergia familia-escuela.

The discussion about how education and family influence the continuous training of the student for the development of the labour market, has aroused great social interest. The entrepreneurial competence is not worked enough from the school environment and, however, facilitates the future employability. We advocate for the joint impulse of the family and the school nucleus, involving the community. Researches show that these integrated educational programs stimulate academic success, social inclusion and employment insertion. The article reviews the literature about the subject, offering a successful practice proposal of developing entrepreneurial competence, based on family-school synergy.
Structural basis for pharmacological modulation of the TRPC6 channel
Authors: Bai Yonghong , Yu Xinchao , Chen Hao , Horne Daniel , White Ryan , Wu Xiaosu , Lee Paul , Gu Yan , Ghimire-Rijal Sudipa , Lin Daniel C-H , Huang Xin
Published: March 2020

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins form nonselective cation channels that play physiological roles in a wide variety of cells. Despite growing evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of TRPC6 inhibition in treating pathological cardiac and renal conditions, mechanistic understanding of TRPC6 function and modulation remains obscure. Here we report cryo-EM structures of TRPC6 in both antagonist-bound and agonist-bound states. The structures reveal two novel recognition sites for the small-molecule modulators corroborated by mutagenesis data. The antagonist binds to a cytoplasm-facing pocket formed by S1-S4 and the TRP helix, whereas the agonist wedges at the subunit interface between S6 and the pore helix. Conformational changes upon ligand binding illuminate a mechanistic rationale for understanding TRPC6 modulation. Furthermore, structural and mutagenesis analyses suggest several disease-related mutations enhance channel activity by disrupting interfacial interactions. Our results provide principles of drug action that may facilitate future design of small molecules to ameliorate TRPC6-mediated diseases.
Changes of cellular stress response relatedhsp70andabcb1transcript and Hsp70 protein levels in Siberian freshwater amphipods upon exposure to cadmium chloride in the lethal concentration range
Authors: Protopopova Marina V. , Pavlichenko Vasiliy V. , Luckenbach Till
Published: March 2020

The induction of cellular stress response systems, heat shock proteinhsp70/Hsp70 and multixenobiotic transporterabcb1, by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was explored in amphipod species with different stress adaptation strategies from the Lake Baikal area. Based on the lethal concentrations (LC) of CdCl2, the sensitivities of the different species to CdCl2were ranked (24 hr LC50 in mg/L CdCl2(mean/95% confidence interval)):Gammarus lacustris(1.7/1.3–2.4) <Eulimnogammarus cyaneus(2.9/2.1–4.0) <Eulimnogammarus verrucosus(5.7/3.8–8.7) <Eulimnogammarus vittatus(18.1/12.4–26.6). Conjugated dienes, indicating lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased after 24 hr exposures to 5 mg/L CdCl2only in the more CdCl2-sensitive speciesG. lacustrisandE. cyaneus. Upon treatment with 0.54 to 5.8 mg/L CdCl2for 1, 6 and 24 hrs,hsp70transcript levels were generally more increased after the longer exposure times and in the more CdCl2-sensitive species. Relating the CdCl2exposure concentrations to LCx values revealed that across the species the increases ofhsp70transcript levels were comparatively low (up to 2.6-fold) at CdCl2concentrations ≤LC50. Relativehsp70transcript levels were maximally increased inE. cyaneusby 5 mg/L CdCl2($\hat {=}$LC70) at 24 hrs (9.1-fold increase above the respective control). WhenG. lacustriswas exposed to 5 mg/L CdCl2($\hat {=}$LC90) for 24 hrs, the increase inhsp70was in comparison toE. cyaneusconsiderably less pronounced (3.0-fold increase inhsp70levels relative to control). Upon exposure of amphipods to 5 mg/L CdCl2, increases in Hsp70 protein levels compared to untreated controls were highest inE. cyaneusat 1 and 6 hrs (5 mg/L CdCl2$\hat {=}$ LC70) and inE. verrucosusat 24 hrs (5 mg/L CdCl2$\hat {=}$ LC45). Thus, when the fold increases in Hsp70 protein levels in the different amphipod species were related to the respective species-specific LCx values a similar bell-shaped trend as forhsp70transcript levels was seen across the species. Transcript levels ofabcb1in CdCl2exposed individuals of the different amphipod species varied up to 4.7-fold in relation to the respective controls. In contrast tohsp70/Hsp70,abcb1transcripts in CdCl2exposed individuals of the different amphipod species did not indicate similar levels of induction ofabcb1at equal LCx levels across the species. Induction ofhsp70andabcb1genes and Hsp70 proteins by CdCl2in the lethal concentration range shows that these cellular responses are rather insensitive to CdCl2stress in the examined amphipod species. Furthermore, the increase of expression of these cellular defense systems at such high stress levels suggests that induction of these genes is not related to the maintenance of normal metabolism but to mitigation of the effects of severe toxic stress.
Relationship between healthcare seeking and pain expansion in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain
Authors: Grande-Alonso Mónica , Muñoz-García Daniel , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Delgado-Sanz Laura , Prieto-Aldana María , La Touche Roy , Gil-Martínez Alfonso
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal problem, which implies a high rate of chronicity. The chronicity of symptoms can lead to pain expansion. The main objective of this study was to assess whether there were differences between patients with nonspecific chronic LBP (CLBP) who sought healthcare compared to those who did not in terms of pain expansion.

Methods

Ninety individuals participated in the study and were divided into three groups: 30 patients who sought care; 30 patients who did not seek care; and 30 asymptomatic individuals. The primary variable analyzed was pain expansion. Secondary physical and psychological variables were assessed later, and a regression analysis was performed.

Results

Patients who sought help showed significant differences in pain expansion and pain intensity compared with the group who did not seek help, with a medium effect size (0.50–0.79). The regression model for the care-seeking group showed that dynamic balance with the left leg and depression were predictors of percentage pain surface area (34.6%). The combination of dynamic balance, range of movement in flexoextension and depression were predictors of widespread pain (48.5%).

Conclusion

Patients who soughtcare presented greater pain expansion than patients whodidnot. A combination of functional and psychological variables can significantly predict pain expansion in patients with nonspecific CLBP who seek help.
Efectos conjuntos del contacto imaginado y la similitud con el protagonista de mensajes testimoniales a través de la identificación y el transporte narrativo
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca (España), Igartua Juan José , Wojcieszak Magdalena ,   Universidad de California (Estados Unidos), Kim Nuri ,   Nanyang Technological University Singapore
Published: March 2020

Mediante dos experimentos realizados en España y Países Bajos se contrastaron los efectos conjuntos del contacto imaginado y la similitud con el protagonista de mensajes narrativos en las actitudes e intención de conducta hacia inmigrantes estigmatizados. Avanzamos el concepto condición de recepción óptima: imaginar una interacción positiva con un inmigrante antes de leer un mensaje testimonial de un inmigrante que se presenta como similar a la audiencia. La condición de recepción óptima indujo mayor identificación y transporte que la condición de referencia, lo que llevó a actitudes más positivas y una mayor intención de contacto intergrupal. Los hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de la investigación sobre persuasión narrativa y reducción del prejuicio
Publicidad, pluralismo y elecciones: gobiernos locales y sus gastos en medios de comunicación
Authors:   Universidad Alberto Hurtado Chile, Orchard Ximena , Venegas-Muggli Juan Ignacio ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Chile INACAP (Chile)
Published: March 2020

Los gobiernos locales compran espacio publicitario en medios de comunicación, estableciendo relaciones comerciales con estos. Este trabajo mapea y revisa críticamente los gastos en avisaje publicitario de las municipalidades chilenas entre 2012 y 2016 e identifica sus principales características. Los gastos municipales se concentran en medios ubicados en sus áreas de influencia directa, pero se distinguen dinámicas diferenciadas entre los municipios de la Región Metropolitana y de otras regiones del país. Se confirma, además, que las lógicas electorales permean las decisiones sobre publicidad instituciona
Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in the tumor immune microenvironment of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Mitra Shamik , Lauss Martin , Cabrita Rita , Choi Jiyeon , Zhang Tongwu , Isaksson Karolin , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Carneiro Ana , Staaf Johan , Ringnér Markus , Nielsen Kari , Brown Kevin M. , Jönsson Göran
Published: March 2020

The presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has been associated with response to immunotherapies across several cancer types, including melanoma. Despite its therapeutic relevance, characterization of the melanoma immune microenvironments remains insufficiently explored. To distinguish the immune microenvironment in a cohort of 180 metastatic melanoma clinical specimens, we developed a method using promoter CpG methylation of immune cell type‐specific genes extracted from genome‐wide methylation arrays. Unsupervised clustering identified three immune methylation clusters with varying levels of immune CpG methylation that are related to patient survival. Matching protein and gene expression data further corroborated the identified epigenetic characterization. Exploration of the possible immune exclusion mechanisms at play revealed likely dependency on MITF protein level and PTEN loss‐of‐function events for melanomas unresponsive to immunotherapies (immune‐low). To understand whether melanoma tumors resemble other solid tumors in terms of immune methylation characteristics, we explored 15 different solid tumor cohorts from TCGA. Low‐dimensional projection based on immune cell type‐specific methylation revealed grouping of the solid tumors in line with melanoma immune methylation clusters rather than tumor types. Association of survival outcome with immune cell type‐specific methylation differed across tumor and cell types. However, in melanomas immune cell type‐specific methylation was associated with inferior patient survival. Exploration of the immune methylation patterns in a pan‐cancer context suggested that specific immune microenvironments might occur across the cancer spectrum. Together, our findings underscore the existence of diverse immune microenvironments, which may be informative for future immunotherapeutic applications.
A Polymerization‐Assisted Grain Growth Strategy for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yepin , Zhu Pengchen , Wang Minhuan , Huang Shu , Zhao Zipeng , Tan Shaun , Han Tae‐Hee , Lee Jin‐Wook , Huang Tianyi , Wang Rui , Xue Jingjing , Meng Dong , Huang Yu , Marian Jaime , Zhu Jia , Yang Yang
Published: March 2020

Intrinsically, detrimental defects accumulating at the surface and grain boundaries limit both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Small molecules and bulkier polymers with functional groups are utilized to passivate these ionic defects but usually suffer from volatility and precipitation issues, respectively. Here, starting from the addition of small monomers in the PbI2 precursor, a polymerization‐assisted grain growth strategy is introduced in the sequential deposition method. With a polymerization process triggered during the PbI2 film annealing, the bulkier polymers formed will be adhered to the grain boundaries, retaining the previously established interactions with PbI2. After perovskite formation, the polymers anchored on the boundaries can effectively passivate undercoordinated lead ions and reduce the defect density. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.0% is obtained, together with a prolonged lifetime where 85.7% and 91.8% of the initial PCE remain after 504 h continuous illumination and 2208 h shelf storage, respectively.
Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructure Induced Polarization Photoresponse for MoS2‐Based Photodetector
Authors: Chen Si , Cao Rui , Chen Xing , Wu Qing , Zeng Yonghong , Gao Shan , Guo Zhinan , Zhao Jinlai , Zhang Meng , Zhang Han
Published: March 2020

Techniques that give anisotropic properties to 2D materials with isotropic crystal structures will enable 2D material based photodetectors to possess polarization sensitivity in the detection of polarization, which will greatly improve the spatial resolution of photodetectors. Here, an MoS2‐based polarization photodetector induced by anisotropic plasmonic nanostructure is prepared. The integrating anisotropic plasmonic structures on a few‐layer MoS2 nanosheet can induce polarization photoresponse and enhance the responsivity of MoS2 device at the same time. The ratio of the maximum to minimum photocurrents reached 1.45 along two perpendicular polarizations. It proves that anisotropic nanostructure induced polarization sensitivity will pave a new way for the fabrication of polarization photodetectors.
Deubiquitylase OTUD6B Governs pVHL Stability in an Enzyme‐Independent Manner and Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Zhiqiang , Li Chunnan , Wang Ze , Wang Chanjuan , Deng Zhikang , Wu Bo , Cui Yu , Wang Zhanxin , Cui Chun‐Ping , Zheng Min , Zhang Lingqiang
Published: March 2020

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the key transcription factors that allow cancer cells to survive hypoxia. HIF's stability is mainly controlled by von Hippel–Lindau (pVHL)‐mediated ubiquitylation. Unlike sporadic clear‐cell renal carcinomas, VHL mutation is rarely observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanisms of pVHL‐HIF signaling remain elusive. Here, it is shown that deubiquitylase ovarian tumor domain‐containing 6B (OTUD6B) suppresses HCC metastasis through inhibiting the HIF activity. OTUD6B directly interacts with pVHL, decreases its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation to reduce HIF‐1α accumulation in HCC cells under hypoxia. Surprisingly, OTUD6B limits the ubiquitylation of pVHL independent of its deubiquitylase activity. OTUD6B couples pVHL and elongin B/C to form more CBCVHL ligase complex, which protects pVHL from proteasomal degradation. Depletion of OTUD6B results in the dissociation of CBCVHL complex and the degradation of pVHL by Trp Asp repeat and suppressors of cytokine signaling box‐containing protein 1 (WSB1). In human HCC tissues, the protein level of OTUD6B is positively correlated with pVHL, but negatively with HIF‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Low expression of OTUD6B predicts poor patient survival. Furthermore, OTUD6B gene is a direct transcriptional target of HIF‐1α and upregulated upon hypoxia. These results indicate a previously unrecognized feedback loop consisting of OTUD6B, pVHL, and HIF‐1α, and provide insights into the targeted hypoxic microenvironment for HCC therapy.
Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium‐Powder‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Kolesnikov Aleksei , Kolek Martin , Dohmann Jan Frederik , Horsthemke Fabian , Börner Markus , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin , Stan Marian Cristian
Published: March 2020

Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode for the next generation of batteries if the issues related to safety and low coulombic efficiency can be overcome. It is known that the initial morphology of the lithium metal anode has a great influence on the cycling characteristics of a lithium metal battery (LMB). Lithium‐powder‐based electrodes (Lip‐electrodes) are reported to diminish the occurrence of high surface area lithium deposits. Usually, ultra‐thin lithium foils (<50 µm) and Lip‐electrodes are prepared on a copper substrate, thus a metal–metal contact area is generated. The combination of these two metals in the presence of an electrolyte, however, can lead to galvanic corrosion. Herein, the corrosion behavior of Lip‐electrodes is studied. The porosity of such electrodes leads to a high amount of accessible Cu surface in contact with electrolyte. As a consequence, Lip‐electrodes aged for 1 week in the electrolyte show spontaneous lithium dissolution near the junction to copper and void formation on the lithium‐powder particles. This corrosion process affects the delivered capacity of Lip‐electrodes and increases the overvoltage of the lithium electrodissolution process. The occurrence of corrosion at the Cu|Lip interface raises concerns about the practicality of multi‐metallic component systems for LMBs.
A Bayesian seamless phase I–II trial design with two stages for cancer clinical trials with drug combinations
Authors: Jiménez José L. , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad
Published: March 2020

The use of drug combinations in clinical trials is increasingly common during the last years since a more favorable therapeutic response may be obtained by combining drugs. In phase I clinical trials, most of the existing methodology recommends a one unique dose combination as “optimal,” which may result in a subsequent failed phase II clinical trial since other dose combinations may present higher treatment efficacy for the same level of toxicity. We are particularly interested in the setting where it is necessary to wait a few cycles of therapy to observe an efficacy outcome and the phase I and II population of patients are different with respect to treatment efficacy. Under these circumstances, it is common practice to implement two‐stage designs where a set of maximum tolerated dose combinations is selected in a first stage, and then studied in a second stage for treatment efficacy. In this article we present a new two‐stage design for early phase clinical trials with drug combinations. In the first stage, binary toxicity data is used to guide the dose escalation and set the maximum tolerated dose combinations. In the second stage, we take the set of maximum tolerated dose combinations recommended from the first stage, which remains fixed along the entire second stage, and through adaptive randomization, we allocate subsequent cohorts of patients in dose combinations that are likely to have high posterior median time to progression. The methodology is assessed with extensive simulations and exemplified with a real trial.
PROMOTION OF ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY IN EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS ‐ A NEW APPROACH OF THE ENERGY INDICATOR
Authors: Reyes Nieto Jocelyn E. , Rigueiro Constança , da Silva Luís Simões , Murtinho Vítor
Published: March 2020

A complete panorama of the analysis and evaluation for the energy indicator, the enhancement of the importance of this indicator when a sustainable assessment of existing neighborhoods is being done, and the introduction of a logical calculation process based on an index are the main contributions of this paper. Additionally, it is presented the implementation of this new approach into two case studies from the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results of the energy assessments to the neighborhoods of Baixa and Alta yielded important data on the areas where these neighborhoods need to be improved.
WEB BUCKLING OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL PLATE GIRDERS INDUCED BY BENDING CURVATURE
Authors: Nascimento Sérgio , Oliveira Pedro José , Biscaya André
Published: March 2020

Resume

Simplified formula of the web slenderness limit given in EN 1993‐1‐5 to prevent the flange‐induced buckling does not usually govern the web design other than very slender Class 4 plate girder webs in steel S235 to S355. However, the same formula applied to plate girders designed in HSS S690 gives lower slenderness limits likely to govern web's design and restrains the possibilities of reducing their thickness. This paper reviews the background of the simplified formula currently used and compares the web slenderness limits obtained with numerical results from full nonlinear analysis of slender high strength steel girders.
NEW STEEL‐TIMBER COMPOSITE BEAM, NORDIC SYSTEM
Authors: Heinisuo Markku , Mela Kristo , Pajunen Sami , Malaska Mikko
Published: March 2020

The design of new steel‐timber composite beam, called Nordic system, is proposed. The beam consists of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) slabs that are installed on the bottom flanges of an asymmetric welded steel box. The composite action is achieved through connection the slabs to the steel beam by steel plates which are screwed to the timber and bolted to the top flange of the beam. The composite action reduces the stresses of the steel beam compared to the pure steel beam without composite action. This means that there exists a large potential to search lightweight, dry slim floor, low emission and cost optimal solutions using this composite beam due to large variations for available steel grades of the welded beam, as has been shown previously for pure welded steel beams.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF SHEAR CONNECTORS IN MOMENT RESISTANCE OF STEEL COMPOSITE JOINTS
Authors: Fu Feng
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of steel stud connectors in steel composite joints with precast hollowcore slabs in resisting the static bending moment. An experimental program including 5 flexural tests was carried out, and the failure modes of the studs, as well as the shear capacity of stud connectors are investigated. Their contribution to the overall joint moment capacity were studied in depth. The pertinent design recommendation in shear stud design for enhance the moment capacity of the composite joints are also proposed. The testing results and design recommendations presented in this paper can provide basic for future design of composite joints using shear stud connectors with precast slabs
Polymorphonuclear MDSCs are enriched in the stroma and expanded in metastases of prostate cancer
Authors: Wen Jiling , Huang Gang , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , Wang Xuechun , Zhu Yini , Kaliney William , Zhang Chao , Cheng Liang , Wen Xiaofei , Lu Xin
Published: March 2020

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells with polymorphonuclear morphology (PMN‐MDSCs) contribute to the progression and immune evasion of prostate cancer. However, the spatial distribution of tumor‐infiltrating PMN‐MDSCs in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, especially in the context of comparison between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the tumor, has not been characterized. Here, we describe a multicolor immunofluorescence staining study of 90 primary tumors, 37 lymph node metastases (all with matched primary tumors) and 35 bone metastases using archived samples. CD11b+ CD15+ cells were identified as PMN‐MDSCs and pan‐cytokeratin+ cells were identified as prostate epithelial cells. We found that, in both primary tumor and metastases, PMN‐MDSCs infiltrate much more readily in the stromal area compared with the epithelial area of the tumor regions. In comparison to the stromal area of primary tumors, the stromal area of either lymph node metastases or bone metastases was infiltrated with more PMN‐MDSCs. In primary tumors, stromal PMN‐MDSCs were associated with vascularization, segmented neutrophils, patient age and close juxtaposition to neoplastic epithelial cells. These results reveal the stroma rather than the epithelia of prostate cancer as the major hotbed for PMN‐MDSCs and support the role of PMN‐MDSCs in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
Bias and stereotyping among research and clinical professionals: Perspectives on minority recruitment for oncology clinical trials
Authors: Niranjan Soumya J. , Martin Michelle Y. , Fouad Mona N. , Vickers Selwyn M. , Wenzel Jennifer A. , Cook Elise D. , Konety Badrinath R. , Durant Raegan W.
Published: March 2020

Background

In recent years, extensive attention has been paid to the possibility that bias among health care professionals contributes to health disparities. In its 2003 report, the Institute of Medicine concluded that bias against racial minorities may affect communication or care offered. However, to the authors' knowledge, the role of bias within the context of recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities to cancer clinical trials has not been explored to date. Therefore, the authors assessed the experiences of clinical and research personnel related to factors influencing the recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities for cancer clinical trials.

Methods

A total of 91 qualitative interviews were conducted at 5 US cancer centers among 4 stakeholder groups: 1) cancer center leaders; 2) principal investigators; 3) referring clinicians; and 4) research staff. Data analysis was conducted using a content analysis approach to generate themes from the transcribed interviews.

Results

Five prominent themes emerged: 1) recruitment interactions with potential minority participants were perceived to be challenging; 2) potential minority participants were not perceived to be ideal study candidates; 3) a combination of clinic‐level barriers and negative perceptions of minority study participants led to providers withholding clinical trial opportunities from potential minority participants; 4) when clinical trial recruitment practices were tailored to minority patients, addressing research misconceptions to build trust was a common strategy; 5) for some respondents, race was perceived as irrelevant when screening and recruiting potential minority participants for clinical trials.

Conclusions

Not only did some respondents view racial and ethnic minorities as less promising participants, some respondents reported withholding trial opportunities from minorities based on these perceptions. Some providers endorsed using tailored recruitment strategies whereas others eschewed race as a factor in trial recruitment. The presence of bias and stereotyping among clinical and research professionals recruiting for cancer clinical trials should be considered when designing interventions to increase minority enrollment.
A Simple Methodology to Differentiate Changes in Bioavailability From Changes in Clearance Following Oral Dosing of Metabolized Drugs
Authors: Sodhi Jasleen K. , Benet Leslie Z.
Published: March 2020

Accurately discriminating changes in clearance (CL) from changes in bioavailability (F) following an oral drug–drug interaction is difficult without carrying out an intravenous interaction study. This may be true for drugs that are clinically significant transporter substrates; however, for interactions that are strictly metabolic, it has been recognized that volume of distribution remains unchanged between both phases of the interaction study. With the understanding that changes in volume of distribution will be minimal for metabolized drugs, the inverse of the change in apparent volume of distribution can provide adequate estimates of the change in bioavailability alone. Utilization of this estimate of F change in tandem with the observed apparent clearance (CL/F) change in an oral drug–drug interaction can provide an estimate of the change in clearance alone. Here, we examine drug–drug interactions involving five known inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 isozyme on victim drugs midazolam and apixaban for which the interaction was carried out both orally and intravenously, allowing for evaluation of this methodology. Predictions of CL and F changes based on oral data were reasonably close to observed changes based on intravenous studies, demonstrating that this simple yet powerful methodology can reasonably differentiate changes in F from changes in CL for oral metabolic drug interactions when only oral data are available. Utilization of this relatively simple methodology to evaluate DDIs for orally dosed drugs will have a significant impact on how DDIs are interpreted from a drug development and regulatory perspective.
Drought avoidance of warm‐season turfgrasses affected by irrigation system, soil surfactant revolution, and plant growth regulator trinexapac‐ethyl
Authors: Serena Matteo , Schiavon Marco , Sallenave Rossana , Leinauer Bernd
Published: March 2020

A 2‐yr study was conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), the soil surfactant Revolution (modified methyl‐capped block copolymer), and the plant growth regulator PrimoMaxx (a.i. trinexapac‐ethyl [TE]), on rooting, stolons, and rhizomes, percentage green turf coverage, and turf quality of ‘Princess 77’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and ‘Sea Spray’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.). Grasses were grown on a loamy sand and irrigated with potable or saline ground water at 50% of reference evapotranspiration. Stolon and rhizome weight were not affected by water quality, Revolution, or TE, but SDI plots had greater stolon (1.000 vs. 0.627 g m−2) and rhizome biomass (0.856 vs. 0.493 g m−2) than sprinkler‐irrigated plots. Grasses in drip‐irrigated control plots showed higher root length density (RLD) at 0–10‐cm depth (15.1 vs. 8.3 cm cm−3) and 10–40‐cm depth (7.2 vs. 4.9 cm cm−3) and higher root weight density (RWD) at 0–10‐cm depth (3.5 vs. 2.2 g cm−3) than their sprinkler‐irrigated counterparts. Both RLD and RWD correlated significantly with turfgrass quality (August and September) and green turf cover (July–September). Chemical treatments in combination with irrigation from a sprinkler system resulted in thinner roots and higher RLD at all depths in 2013 when values were compared with the untreated control. Revolution, TE, and SDI all enhanced grasses’ drought avoidance and turf quality, but chemical treatments did not appear to provide additional improvements to grasses in plots irrigated with SDI.
Kernel number response to plant density in tropical, temperate, and tropical × temperate maize hybrids
Authors: Cerrudo Diego , Hernández Mariano , Tollenaar Matthijs , Vega Claudia R. C. , Echarte Laura
Published: March 2020

Kernel set response to plant density was examined in terms of physiological processes underlying kernel set in temperate (Te), tropical (Tr), and temperate × tropical (TeTr) maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Four field experiments were performed in a subtropical environment, and treatments combined two new and popular commercial hybrids of each group of germplasm background with five plant densities (2–30 plants m−2). Determinations included plant growth rate (PGRS) and topmost ear growth rate (EGRS) during the period bracketing silking, grain yield, and its components. In all hybrids, kernel number was the main grain yield component contributing to grain yield variations across densities. When grown in a high‐yielding subtropical environment, all hybrids exhibited increased kernel number per area with increasing plant density from 5 to 11 plants m−2. There was not a clear trend among groups of germplasm background in the number of kernel set at each plant density, but distinctive physiological processes underlying kernel number per plant (KNP) were evident between Te and Tr hybrids. Across plant densities, the KNP/PGRS ratio was larger and PGRS was lower in Te than in Tr hybrids. Larger KNP/PGRS in Te than in Tr hybrids were associated with greater prolificacy al low plant density and larger EGRS. In TeTr hybrids instead, there was not a common physiological process underlying kernel set, since genotypes representing this group shared traits similar to those of Te and Tr genotypes.
Biosolids amendments improve an anthropogenically disturbed urban turfgrass system
Authors: Badzmierowski Mike J. , Evanylo Gregory K. , Ervin Erik H.
Published: March 2020

Rehabilitating anthropogenically disturbed soils is vital to restore soil functionality and improve plant growth. Biosolids can be used to improve such soils and increase soil organic C (OC) stocks, but repeated applications of such organic byproducts may result in excess soil P. Here, we present further data that complete the observations for a 5‐yr study (September 2013–October 2018) conducted on an anthropogenic soil tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) system. This study compared the effects of irrigation strategies (with or without irrigation during summer heat stress) and soil amendments (annual applications of biosolids products and a conventional synthetic fertilizer) for improving soil properties and tall fescue health. Biosolids amendments applied at the agronomic N rate (ANR) reduced soil bulk density at the 0‐ to 5‐cm depth by 33–53% and at the 5‐ to 10‐cm depth by 4–9% relative to synthetic fertilizer. Soil OC in the top 10 cm increased from 1.74 to 13.6 g OC kg−1 (i.e., +682%) over the 5‐yr period for the conventionally fertilized tall fescue, and larger gains were observed in the biosolids treatments. Repeated applications of biosolids amendments at the ANR increased total P concentrations; however, biosolids containing high Fe concentrations did not increase water‐soluble P compared with biosolids applied at the agronomic P rate (APR) and synthetic fertilizer after 5 yr. Biosolids amendments applied at the ANR improved tall fescue visual quality (maintained acceptable quality 86–92% of the time), clipping biomass, and leaf tissue N accumulation (P < .05).
Create policies, procedures for handling complex accommodations
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2020

Some accommodations requests create extra challenges for disability services providers. How do you handle requests such as flexible attendance or flexible assignment deadlines? In some cases, those requests would create a fundamental alteration or create an undue burden to the course or academic program, so part of your process must be to determine if the accommodation is appropriate.
An unknown protocol syntax analysis method based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Bai Binbin , Hei Xinhong , Zhu Lei , Ji Wenjiang
Published: March 2020

In recent years, a large number of botnets and dark networks rely on command and control channels of unknown protocol formats for communication, and with the development of Internet of Things technology, this problem becomes more prominent. The syntax analysis of the unknown protocol is helpful to measure the boundary of Botnet in the environment of Internet of things, so as to protect the network security. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the current bitstream protocol data format, this article proposes an unknown protocol syntax analysis method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the protocol data are preprocessed, and then the image is transformed. Next, the converted image is input to the convolution layer for convolution. After convolution, the data are flattened. Then the flattened data are put into the fully connected neural network. Finally, the unknown protocol is analyzed and predicted. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional feature extraction combine frequent item algorithm (CFI) and other neural network deep neural networks, CNN is 15% more accurate than CFI in the analysis of unknown protocol syntax, and it can accurately analyze and identify the unknown protocol.
Dietary flavonoid myricetin inhibits invasion and migration of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR) by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Kang Hye R. , Moon Jeong Y. , Ediriweera Meran K. , Song Yeon W. , Cho Moonjae , Kasiviswanathan Dharanibalan , Cho Somi K.
Published: March 2020

Myricetin is a commonly found dietary flavonoid. In the present study, we investigated the effects of myricetin on migration and invasion of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR). Transcriptome analysis of A549‐IR cells identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in A549‐IR cells compared to parental A549 cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were linked with PI3K‐AKT signaling, proteoglycans, focal adhesion, and ECM–receptor interactions. A549‐IR cells demonstrated enhanced migratory potential with increased expression of vimentin, snail and slug, and reduced expression of E‐cadherin. A549‐IR cells exposed to myricetin displayed reduced migration and suppressed MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Notably, myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and altered the F‐actin/G‐actin ratio in A549‐IR cells, without modulation of EMT markers. These findings suggest that myricetin can inhibit migration of A549‐IR cells by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway.
Perspective‐shifting discourse training to improve young Japanese children's understanding of theory of mind
Authors: Tsuji Hiromi
Published: March 2020

The development of a mind‐reading ability, known as theory‐of‐mind (ToM), has been recognized as following a universal process, but the age at which the false‐belief task is passed has been reported to have wide inter‐group variabilities. Japanese children have been reported to acquire a false‐belief understanding at a slightly older age than their western counterparts. The present study investigated the extent to which Japanese‐children's understanding of ToM could be brought forward by using perspective‐shifting training in conversational discourses. Japanese children aged 4.5 years‐old, but not 4.0 years‐old, improved their false‐belief understanding after the training. However, this improvement was limited to their understanding of representation‐change. Although it is hard to isolate the influence of language experiences and socio‐culture aspects, training with perspective‐shifting discourses in interactive contexts was effective in enhancing the development of mind‐reading for 4.5 year old Japanese children.

Highlights

This study investigated the benefits of perspective‐shifting training in conversational discourses for Japanese‐children's theory‐of‐mind (ToM) understanding.

Japanese children aged 4.5 years‐old, but not 4.0 years‐old, improved their false‐belief understanding after the training.

Perspective‐shifting discourse training lowers the age at which Japanese children can understand ToM.