bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Practices of Waste Management in the Small Towns of the European Part in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kozlovskiy Vladimir V. , Nedoseka Elena V. , Tishkov Sergey V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the negative consequences for the environment from the constant increase in the amount of municipal solid waste. The most vulnerable in this situation are small towns in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The remoteness, inaccessibility, as well as the difficult socio-economic situation of these settlements are serious obstacles to achieving both the effectiveness of the implementation of the reform of production and consumption waste management, and the goals of sustainable development of the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the value foundations prevailing in environmental consciousness and the prevailing types of environmental behavior of the population of small towns in the European part of the Russian Arctic in the field of solid waste management.

Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted by a questionnaire survey in August-November 2020 in the Arctic territories of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. The number of respondents is 1303. The questionnaire method is used to carry out a mass representative survey of residents of the Arctic territories on the problem of municipal solid waste. Statistical methods for processing quantitative data makes it possible to identify the main correlations between variables in relation to grassroots practices in the management of municipal solid waste by gender, age and place of residence of the respondents.

Results. The paper shows the findings of a sociological study, during which the peculiarities of the perception of the population of small towns in the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region of environmental problems were identified and an assessment of the degree of threat to the environment from illegal dumps and household waste was given. The authors studied the direct practices of handling household waste and the willingness of respondents to change the traditional poorly environmentally oriented behavior to environmentally conscious actions.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed that the problem of the increasing amount of MSW is relevant and causes a high degree of concern among the population. At the same time, the majority of respondents implement behavioral practices that indirectly affect the environment. The decisive problem for the population of remote areas of the Russian Arctic is the poor organization of the waste management process: lack of investment attractiveness for business, low level of infrastructure development, little funding, which determines low motivation and mobilization of the population to master various environmental practices. The results obtained can be used by regional and municipal authorities, regional operators and specialists of environmental nongovernment organizations.
Methods of Pretreating Raw Materials Containing Organic Compounds before Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Palvinskiy Viktor V. , Vasilev Filipp A. , Evteev Victor K.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The volume of accumulated organ-containing non-recyclable waste products in Russia is increasing. Existing technologies make it possible to recycle these waste products through using anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and fertilizers. The organic portions of waste consist mostly of hard-to-degrade lignin, cellulose, and extracellular polymers, which make anaerobic digestion difficult. Pretreating is necessary to make the raw materials available to microorganisms for bioavailability and deeper degradation. There are many different types of pretreating with their own specific effects on the raw materials. To improve understanding the process of pretreating organic raw materials prior to anaerobic digestion, and to improve the quality of the decisions made, pretreatment methods need to be identified and systematized.
Materials and Methods. The subject of the study is the relationship between the effects of methods, techniques and specific operations of pretreatment for anaerobic digestion. The main method of this study is the analysis of data on the application of different methods to increase the bioavailability and degree of decomposition of organic matter of waste products during anaerobic digestion.
Results. The scheme of preparatory operations and methods for pre-treatment of organic waste products before anaerobic digestion is developed. It is revealed that each method (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, biological and combined) contains many practices, which are divided into particular techniques. The mechanisms of influence that improve further processing are described.
Discussion and Conclusion. The choice methods of pretreatment depends on the purpose and tasks performed, the physical and chemical composition of raw materials, access to energy, biological and chemical resources. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods should be studied in more detail and ranked into private methods according to energy costs and the effect they produce. The comparison of the research results reveals disadvantages and difficulties.
Energy-Independent Heating System with Improved Energy Efficiency for Agricultural Premises
Authors: Levtsev Alexey P. , Lysyakov Anatoly I.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The article is concerned with increasing the efficiency of energy-independent heat supply systems in agriculture through using a heat recovery unit with a thermomechanical energy converter. The most promising is a thermomechanical energy converter with a thermodynamic cycle of periodic action to drive a diaphragm pump. For heaters and boilers, the use of pulsating mode of the heat carrier has a double effect: it increases heat transfer and reduces the formation of deposits on the heat transfer surfaces. Materials and Methods. Using the thermodynamic method and the possibilities of impulse technologies, a thermodynamic cycle and a device of periodic action were proposed. In this device, three thermodynamic processes are sequentially implemented: isochoric heating and evaporation of the working substance, adiabatic performance of work, and isobaric condensation. Thermodynamic cycles are constructed for five known working substances (R11; R21; R113; R114; R123) on lgP-h thermodynamic state diagrams and their parameters at characteristic points are calculated. Results. There has been performed frequency matching of the thermal-mechanical converter with the hydraulic parameters of the heat source and heat-consuming unit. Such matching was based on the frequency responses. To describe the hydrodynamics of the heat supply system, a system of differential equations with constant coefficients was used, which was solved using the Laplace transformation. A rational frequency of oscillations of the heat carrier flow was determined within the range of 1.38–2.76 rad/s. Discussion and Conclusion. A scheme of a heat supply system with the independent connection of the heat-consuming unit to a heat source is proposed. On the example of a heat source with a power of 100 kW, graphical dependences of the heat source minimum pressures on the change in the consumption of a heat carrier and the active hydraulic resistance of the heat network are obtained. An algorithm for determining the power increment from the use of a heat exchanger with a thermomechanical converter is proposed. It has been determined that the efficiency of the heat recovery unit will be higher for low-power boilers.
SUMBANGSIH BUDAYA TERHADAP POLA TUTUR KATA KONSELOR DAN KLIEN DALAM PELAKSANAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal , Netri Silvia
Published: March 2022

Konselor dihadapkan dengan bermacam klien yang memiliki berbagai permasalahan yang berbeda, baik dari aspek pemikiran, perasaan, budaya, karakter, adat istiadat, dan tutur kata. Konselor perlu memahami dan menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi klien tersebut. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang sumbangsih budaya terhadap tutur kata konselor dan klien dalam pelaksanaan bimbingan dan konseling. Metode penelitian menggunakan literatur review, yaitu membuat analisis dan sintesis terhadap berbagai artikel dan buku. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa konselor harus mempunyai kemampuan dan kepribadian yang bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi klien. Seorang konselor harus memperhatikan, menghargai, dan menghormati unsur-unsur kebudayaan dari seorang klien. Pengentasan masalah individu sangat perlu dikaitkan dengan budaya atau lingkungan yang mempengaruhi klien. Diharapkan kepada konselor agar memiliki wawasan dan mampu menerapkan keterampilan-ketarampilan yang tepat dalam menghadapi klien yang berbeda budaya.
STRATEGI GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING SMKN 2 SOLOK DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Edkamila Disa , Nursyamsi Nursyamsi , Ahmad Aprizal
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kesulitan peserta didik dalam belajar daring masa covid 19. Peserta didik semakin malas mengerjakan tugas karena sering ketinggalan informasi mengenai tugas. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurang memadai  jaringan internet di tempat tinggalnya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik kelas X pada masa Covid di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Solok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi guru Bimbingan Konseling mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik pada masa covid. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu metode untuk mendapatkan gambaran sesuatu apa adanya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi kepada guru pembimbing, wali kelas, serta peserta didik. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan strategi guru bimbingan dan konseling  mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik di masa pandemi dengan melakukan kerjasama dengan wali kelas dan tim IT untuk melaksanakan layanan informasi bimtek mengenai cara belajar menggunakan aplikasi kelas maya. Kelas maya merupakan lingkungan belajar yang ada dalam konten digital yang dapat diakses, disimpan, dan dibagikan melalui jaringan komputer dan sistem informasi sehingga dapat diakses dimana saja dan kapan saja.
ANALISIS KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA SISWA PELAKU BULLY DI MTSN 2 ACEH BESAR
Authors: Adyanur Putri , Martunis Martunis , Bustamam Nurbaity
Published: March 2022

Perilaku bullying yang ditampilkan oleh siswa di sekolah salah satu penyebabnya adalah komuniksi keluarga yang kurang hangat dan kurang efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana komunikasi keluarga siswa pelaku bully. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa/i MTsN 2 Aceh Besar kelas VIII yang berjumlah 5 subjek, yaitu RM, IA, AA, DR, dan NR. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah teknik analisis konten (content analysis) dengan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan secara langsung. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 5 responden dapat digambarkan bahwa komunikasi keluarga yang terjalin antara anak dan orang tua masih kurang hangat dan kurang efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari komunikasi yang terjadi antara anak dan orang tua hanya sebatas berbicara atau bertanya hal yang penting saja, tindakan orang tua yang tidak mendiskusikan keputusan dengan anaknya terlebih dahulu, orang tua dominan mencari kesalahan dan kurang fokus pada solusi, dan bahkan anak merasa orang tua masih kurang optimal dalam menghargai dan mendengarkan anak.
Is the European Union still a convergence machine?
Authors: Nagy Sándor Gyula , Šiljak Dženita
Published: March 2022

We investigate whether the European Union can be considered as a convergence machine after the 2008/2009 financial crisis. To do so, we econometrically test the relationship between the per capita GDP growth rate and macroeconomic variables in the period of 2004–2018, further subdivided into three periods: 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2018. We hypothesize that the 2008/2009 financial crisis had a negative effect on the σ and β-convergence process. Our results support the convergence hypothesis, namely that the poor countries tend to grow faster than the rich countries. The convergence rates ranged between 1.71% and 4.51%. The negative effects of the crisis on convergence have been identified only for the absolute convergence. Our findings demonstrate that economic openness, inflation and government integrity have a positive impact on growth. The effects of unemployment have not been identified.
From the Field to the CAVE: A Workflow for Collecting, Storing, and Sharing Archaeological Data
Authors: Levy Thomas E. , Liss Brady , Yoo Ho Jung , Liritzis Ioannis , Burton Margie M.
Published: March 2022

This chapter describes the digital workflow from archaeological data collection in the field to permanent storage in the UCSD Library and dissemination via VR environments that UCSD, as the lead campus for the Catalyst project, designed and field-tested at sites in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean. This contribution has a particular emphasis on at-risk cultural heritage and its preservation in those areas of interest and presents results of applying the digital methods at the Late Bronze Age site of Kastrouli, Greece.
Eurasian Hobby: A hunter of dusk or dawn?
Authors:   SAFRING, Bryson Ursula
Published: March 2022

The European literature considers the Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo as active during the day, while in the southern African literature, the species is - often exclusively - called a hunter of dusk and dawn. This note tracks down the three original sources on which this misunderstanding is based and reviews evidence for the mainly diurnal activity of this species based on European standard literature.
Fluorescence of anisotropic primary X-ray radiation
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, Kitov B.I.
Published: March 2022

In the X-ray spectral fluorescence analysis, the anisotropy of primary radiation results in an uneven radiation of a sample’s surface, strengthening the role of some sections and weakening the role of others. The goal of the current work was to determine the minimal distance from the window of the X-ray tube with a cone-shaped anode at which the intensity of the sample’s radiation becomes homogeneous. The research method was the computer modeling of the X-ray fluorescence experiment. The working model was built on the basis of two equations for the densities of the fluxes of braking and characteristic radiations of the massive anode, which took into account the absorption of primary radiation by the anode’s material and the back-scattering of electrons. The ring source was represented in the model as the sum of infinitely small linear elements of equal power, and the sample was disc-shaped and coaxial with the source. The calculation diagram was very well consistent with the experimental diagram of radiation’s direction described in the research literature. Two spatial distributions were calculated. The first one described the distribution of primary radiation’s intensity on the surface of the sample, while the second one described the distribution of the fluorescent radiation, which was more valuable for the X-ray spectrometry. The calculations showed that although the second distribution, unlike the first one, considered the absorption of the primary radiation and secondary radiation in the sample, the shapes of both radiations were close. It was demonstrated that the area of the sample, which carried the most information on the composition of the irradiated material, was ring-shaped, and the width of this ring depended on the distance to the X-ray tube’s window. As the distance increased, the diagram of the spatial distribution of the radiation’s intensity became smoother, and, when the distance exceeded two diameters of the anode, the radiation became homogeneous. The constructed model, which considered the anisotropy of the primary analysis, could be applied in the method of fundamental parameters of X-ray fluorescence analysis for a spectrometer with compressed geometry.
Selection of the parameters of a multicapillary column for portable gas analyzers by Kovach indices
Authors:   Multichrom ltd., Efimenko A. P. , Naumenko I. I. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, SB RAS, Kirillova E. V. ,   SPO «Analitpribor», Shorokhov A. A. ,   SPO «Analitpribor»
Published: March 2022

Short straight multicapillary columns (MCC) allow for fast gas chromatographic separation. However, their limited efficiency makes it difficult to use them for the analysis of multicomponent mixtures. Therefore, it is important to preliminarily evaluate the possibility of separation of target substances, based on the available information about their characteristics, in particular, by retention indices (RI). The paper provides an example of the choice of MCC and chromatographic conditions for the separation of explosives in stationary phases OV-5 and SE-54. To find the correspondence of the retention indices of the target substances with their retention factors k on the studied MCCs, the retention times of C10−C19 n-alkanes were experimentally determined at different column temperatures. Then the dependences of the calculated lnk on the quantity of carbon atoms m in n-alkanes CmH2m+2 were plotted and approximated by linear functions ln k = a + bm and their coefficients a and b were found for each temperature. From where, it was easy to calculate the retention factors of the target substances by their RI, assuming that RI = m·100, as well as to estimate the MCC efficiency required to separate neighboring peaks to obtain the desired level of separation. Based on the obtained equations, the explosives retention factors for MCCs at different temperatures were calculated and their required efficiency for separating adjacent peaks was estimated. The retention factors experimentally determined for some explosives on the MCCs at 140 °C turned out to be quite close to the theoretically calculated ones. In the future, the similar approach can be used to predict the possibility of gas chromatographic separation of mixtures of dangerous substances such as narcotic drugs.
Science at Universities – the Development Driver or Privilege of the Selected Ones
Authors: Kovalenko A. A. , Polushkina A. O. , Fedotov A. V.
Published: March 2022

The research article considers an influence of university research funding on the development of different kind of universities. During last 10–15 years a lot of strategic documents regarding development of science and higher education mention an importance of intensive grow on research in universities. They should transform to research centers instead of just education facilities, lead a scientific field in Russia. Presumably such additions in science management practices as new evaluation, stimulation and efficiency improvement instruments and mechanisms will increase an influence of R&D departments on whole university development.The main purpose of current article is to analyze trends in shifts of research funding indicators for universities of different profiles and for higher education sector in general; to compare research funding volume with public indicators of university development; to evaluate the impact of research in higher education to higher institution development indicators. During the study our group has analyzed connections between research funding indicators and individual R&D efficiency indicators at universities. The analysis is based on statistics from Federal State Statistics Service, and annual monitoring of university activities for the period 2014–2020, from Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The result of the study shows an insignificant effect of university research funding volume to university development indicators; high government participance in higher institutions research development; significant irregularity and historical inertia in reorganization of universities to large scientific and education centers.
University Campus: Interrelations of Educational Technologies and Models of Architectural Space Formation
Authors: Puchkov M. V.
Published: March 2022

This article studies the main cultural and social processes influencing the formation of modern educational space. We analyze the traditional models of the educational cycle and propose a new one. The latter, unifying research, education and knowledge realization activities, reflects the interaction of education, research, experimental production and information processing as architectural space functions. There is revealed the system of trends affecting the architecture of scientific and educational facilities when forming high-quality spatial solutions of university campus facilities. The structure of the university complexes’ «intellectual capital» is supplemented by spatial, infrastructural capital and architectural image of the complex. A theoretical model of the functional and spatial structure represents the scientific and educational center as a modern technological architectural and spatial unit of campus. The author also gives some examples on forming scientific and educational complexes at various levels of designing architectural and spatial objects based on a modern model of a new educational cycle. This paper might be of use for specialists in the fields of education and architecture, as well as for scientific and educational facilities designers.
Tenability evaluation of road pavement with internal cracks
Authors: Kamenchukov Aleksey , Ukrainskiy Ilya , Selenok Marina
Published: March 2022

The article is a completed stage in the study of the multilayer road pavement with internal cracks tenability. The work tested the hypothesis adequacy about internal cracks’ effect on the pavement strength. The authors reviewed and analyzed the bench testing methods of road pavement. A program has been developed for testing two-layer asphalt concrete pavement samples in the presence and absence of an imitation crack in the lower pavement layer. Pavement test cylinders were made in the laboratory and tested for uniaxial compression and shear, and test beam for tension in bending, under various temperature conditions, simulating the operating pavement conditions on highways. In general, the test results confirm the proposed hypothesis adequacy and do not contradict the generally accepted asphalt concrete strength theory. Also, were executed mathematical modeling and stress-strain state evaluation of multilayer road pavement with internal cracks in the lower pavement layer. The mathematical model showed significant changes in the stress-strain state of samples with internal cracks, which correlates with the laboratory tests results. Based on the obtained results, a sample model reinforced with geosynthetic materials was developed and tested in the laboratory and mathematically. The fractured geogrid-reinforced sample showed higher tensile strength parameters in bending. In conclusion, recommendations are given to improve the crack resistance at the stage of repair work.
Paraphlomis longicalyx (Lamiaceae), a New Species from the Limestone Area of Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, Southern China
Authors: Chen Ya-Ping , Sun Zeng-Peng , Xiao Jin-Fei , Yan Ke-Jian , Xiang Chun-Lei
Published: March 2022

Abstract— The genus Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae) consists of approximately 30 species, most of which are restricted to the subtropical area of China. In this study, P. longicalyx Y.P.Chen & C.L.Xiang, a new species from southern China, is described
and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analyses implemented based on two nuclear ribosomal DNA and four plastid DNA regions showed that P. longicalyx is a distinct lineage from all morphologically similar species within the genus. Morphological examination demonstrated that
the new species is most similar to P. javanica and P. foliata, but can be distinguished from these species by its densely hispidulous surfaces, much longer calyces, and pale-yellow corollas with reddish-purple spots on the lower lips.
Commedia dell’arte und persifliertes Freimaurertum als Mittel zu vorurteilsbefreiter Männlichkeit in August Kopischs Schwanknovelle Ein Karnevalsfest auf Ischia/Iskja
Authors: Rudolph Andrea
Published: March 2022

Don Antonio hat die gängige Schönheitsnorm der Gesellschaftsschicht, der er angehört, verinnerlicht. Daher glaubt der Kahlköpfige sich chancenlos, die Liebe der schönen Witwe Donna Theresa zu erlangen. Ein Karnevalsfest, das seine Freunde ihm schenken, invertiert die männliche Schönheitsnorm. Während die Commedia dell’Arte-Komik nur als Situationskomik Überraschungen bietet, die die Spannung retardieren, sichert der von Kopisch gleichfalls einbezogene freimaurerische Spielrahmen die Entwicklung der Handlung. Erzählt wird die gelingende Verwandlung eines aus verinnerlichtem Schönheits-Vorurteil nur verborgen Begehrenden (Don Antonio) zum vorurteilsbefreiten Ehemann. Die karnevaleske Verkehrung der soziokulturell vorgegebenen Schönheitsnorm in ihr Gegenteil und die komische Umschrift von Freimaurerritualen erzeugen in dieser Schwanknovelle Ein Carnevalsfest auf Ischia ein Marktplatz- und Festtagslachen. Kopisch vergeistigt nicht nur Elemente der Commedia dell‘Arte-Tradition. Er persifliert zudem freimaurerische Mysterien und Initiandenrituale.
Das verräterische Herz
Authors: ŠNAJDER Slobodan
Published: March 2022

Der Autor als sensibler und kritischer Beobachter seiner Gegenwart greift unter Einbeziehung seiner ,Balkan-Erfahrung’ auf die Metapher des Herzens zurück, um die Gedan-ken des Lesers auf die Relativität der Kategorien Gut und Böse zu lenken. Der Kerngedanke, philosophisch fundiert und historisch beglaubigt, ist die Frage nach der Brüderlichkeit des Menschengeschlechts, insbesondere angesichts der modernen Krisen Europas und der Welt wie die Migrantenkrise und neulich die „Corona-Krise“.
Household Financial Decision-Making After Natural Disasters: Evidence from Hurricane Harvey
Authors: del Valle Alejandro , Scharlemann Therese , Shore Stephen
Published: March 2022

Hurricane Harvey brought more than four feet of rainfall to the Houston area in August 2017, leading to substantial flooding in many areas. Using regulatory data with detailed information on borrowing terms, we compare the borrowing response to Hurricane Harvey in parts of Houston that were more and less affected by flooding. We find that hurricane-affected households borrowed in a price-sensitive and time-limited manner, relying almost exclusively on promotional-rate credit cards and mortgage forbearance for new credit and repaying balances quickly. We find that conditional on flooding, households in FEMA-designated floodplains borrowed less. Within the floodplain, building code changes that required homes to be elevated above the floodplain dramatically reduced households’ storm-related liquidity use. Flooded borrowers in homes subject to this type of physical hardening used forbearance at the same rate as borrowers who did not experience flooding, suggesting that for natural disasters, ex ante physical hardening is a substitute for ex post credit.
Thermal stability of composites and coatings based on MoSi2‒B‒Al2O3 when heated in air to 1600 °С
Authors: Sazonova M. V. , Ban’kovskaya I. B. , Kolovertnov D. V.
Published: March 2022

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First Year Student Pharmacists’ Views on the Opioid Epidemic
Authors:   Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA, Hailemeskel Bisrat , Terefe Tegesty ,   Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA, Sun Keran ,   Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA
Published: March 2022

Objective To determine first-year student pharmacists’ views on the opioid epidemic. Methods First-year pharmacy students were asked to complete an online survey to assess their views and opinions on the current opioid crisis using Likert-scale type questions. Results Forty-four pharmacy students were surveyed, and all participants completed survey questions, 100% response rate. Majority of participants were female (N=34, 77.3%), with more than half of participants falling in the age range of 18-24 (N=25, 56.8%). Geographically, most of the participants home residences are in other states out of the DC, Maryland, Virginia (N=25, 56.9%). In addition, majority of participants worked before starting pharmacy school (N=42, 95.5%) and a majority had a pharmacy and healthrelated occupations before pharmacy school (N=36; 81.9%). Most study participants reported an annual income of less than $10,000 (N=17, 38.6%) and obtained a bachelor’s degree (N=26, 59.1%). Majority of participants strongly agree that the opioid epidemic is becoming a severe crisis for society (N=42; 95.5%) and that opioid should be readily available when it is medically necessary to people (N=27; 61.4%). When asked if they know anyone personally who suffers from the opioid crisis, over three-quarter (N=34; 77.3%) said no. However, over two-third (N=29; 65.9%) of participants said that they have taken opioids in the past themselves to relieve pain. Although, almost all of them strongly agree that prescription opioids are addictive (N=42; 95.5.%); about eighty percent (N=35; 79.5%) agree that taking opioids is an effective way to alleviate severe pain. Conclusion Our results indicate that pharmacy students perceive the opioid epidemic as a crisis and despite their views that opioids are addictive and knowing someone who suffers from opioid use disorder, they believe opioids are a clinically effective way to alleviate pain.
Investigating Pre-Service Teachers’ Behavioral Intentions to Use Web 2.0 Gamification Tools
Authors: TURAN Zeynep , KÜÇÜK Sevda , KARABEY Sinem
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the pre-service teachers’ behavioural intentions about using gamification tools and the critical factors affecting their usage. The data were collected from 313 pre-service teachers from two large-scale universities in Turkey through a questionnaire with seven constructs: perceived ease of use, usefulness, self-efficacy, enjoyment, computer anxiety, attitude, and behavioural intention. Firstly, students were trained on the gamification method and Web 2.0 gamification tools (Kahoot!, Classdojo, and Jeopardylabs), then data were collected through a questionnaire. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model as a research framework. The data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that perceived self-efficacy and attitude factors had significant direct effects on pre-service teachers’ behavioural intentions to use gamification tools. Furthermore, the perceived enjoyment and usefulness factors significantly affected pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards using gamification tools. Additionally, the perceived self-efficacy and attitude factors had significant direct effects on perceived enjoyment to use gamification tools. Moreover, indirect effects on the dependent variables were revealed. Eventually, six constructs accounted for 75% of the variance for intention to use gamification tools. As a result, the research model appeared to have a good fit. Based on the findings within the scope of this study, various suggestions for researchers and practitioners were presented.
Türkiye’de Matematik Eğitimi Alanında Yayımlanan Sayı Hissi ile İlgili Makalelerin İçerik Analizi
Authors: ACAR Sema , PEKER Bilge
Published: March 2022

Sayı hissi son yıllarda matematik eğitimcileri ve araştırmacılar tarafından üzerinde çalışılan konulardan biridir ve önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Ülkemizde gün geçtikçe sayı hissi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların sayısı artmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların içerik analizinin öğretmenlere, matematik eğitimcilerine ve araştırmacılara yol gösterici olacağı ve gelecek çalışmalara rehber olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu sebeple çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de matematik eğitimi alanında 2011-2020 yılları arasında makale olarak yayımlanan sayı hissi araştırmalarının mevcut durumunun betimsel içerik analizi ile ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda belirtilen ölçütleri karşılayan 50 adet çalışma incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde “Makale İnceleme Formu” kullanılmış olup içerik analizi ile analiz edilerek frekans ve yüzdeleriyle beraber tablolar şeklinde sunulmuş ve bu bilgiler ışığında yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Türkiye’de yapılan sayı hissi çalışmalarının çoğunun betimsel tarama yönteminin kullanıldığı nicel araştırmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmaların hedef kitlesinin en fazla ilköğretim 5-8 öğrencilerine yönelik olduğu ve çoğunlukla 100’ün üzerinde örneklemlerle çalışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ölçek kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Veri analiz türü olarak da en fazla nicel veri analiz yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar konuların eğilimine göre incelendiğinde ise sayı hissi kavramını daha derinden anlamaya ve sayı hissinin ölçülmesine yönelik çalışmalara odaklanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effect of Vinyasa Training on Dynamic Body Balance of Male National Level Yoga Players
Authors: Singh Vikas , Bhutia Tenzing Norzom , Singh Mahendra Kumar , Krishna Nibu R.
Published: March 2022

Background. Body balance is among the most important aspects for achieving athletic excellence in competitive sports. Body balance helps in the development of proper body posture control, which supports high performance and skill demonstration across all sports. Body balance is known to be positively correlated to competitive athletic performance. In sports, good balance implies moving more efficiently and with better body control. Yoga is one of the means of improving body balance, and it has also been linked to enhancing athletic performance. Vinyasa yoga is a powerful method that targets the entire body. Navigate challenging poses to improve your strength, flexibility, and balance, especially if you want to target muscle groups that aren’t used in your preferred sport. 

The focus of this study. To analyse the efficacy of a 6-week Vinyasa Yoga Training Programme (VYTP) in improving dynamic body balance of male national level yoga players. 

Materials and methods. Twenty male national level yoga players (18-25 years) from the Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, India, participated in the study. The participants were then randomly allocated into two groups, one experimental (Vinyasa) and the other control. The Sensbalance machine was used to measure the dynamic body balance. 

Results. ANCOVA indicates a significant difference in the selected variable of dynamic body balance in the experimental group compared to the control group. When compared to the control group which did not receive any training, the post-test found that the experimental yoga group significantly improved in dynamic body balance.

Conclusions. VTYP was found to be helpful in enhancing dynamic body balance. In the current study after six weeks of vinyasa training it was observed that the male national yoga players had a substantial difference in dynamic body balance compared to the control group.
Can We Improve Learning Outcomes of Schoolchildren from the Poorest Families by Investing into Their Non-Cognitive Skills? Causal Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Avanesian Garen , Borovskaya Marina , Ryzhova Viсtoria , Kirik Vladimir , Egorova Valeria , Bermous Alexander
Published: March 2022

The research aims to discover how non-cognitive skills influence students' academic achievement. The particular emphasis was put on how non-cognitive skills influence academic achievement in students from families with low socio-economic status. The study uses the data of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) collected in Russia in 2018. The PISA-2018 provides nationally representative data that contains information from more than 7000 students in the 9th grade in Russia. For data analysis, propensity score matching was used as one of the causal analysis methods used in econometrics. The study results reveal that the development of such non-cognitive skills as growth mindset, self-efficacy, and grit lowers students’ probability to become low achievers. The effect is particularly strong for the students from the poorest families. In conclusion, the authors suggest recommendations for educational policy on the inclusion of socio-emotional learning programs in educational standards of school education.
How University Teachers View the Digital Transformation of Higher Education
Authors: Rogozin Dmitry , Solodovnikova Olga , Ipatova Anna
Published: March 2022

The absolute majority of publications about changes in higher education resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic focus on the problems faced by students. They fail to articulate the position of university faculty members who are concerned about their dwindling role as a result of the digital transformation of education.  Since 2020, the Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration with the support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education has conducted a monitoring study of the attitude of university faculty members to the changes taking place in higher education. The present article is based on the results of three research waves (non-random, administrative, two-stream samples) conducted in April 2020 (N = 33,987), June-July 2020 (N = 27,484) and April-May 2021 (N = 26,334). An overall positive trend is observed in teacher attitudes: the peak of discontent about the introduction of distance education has passed, and the attitude to online learning has become calmer and more level-headed. Most teachers continue to express unconditional support for traditional in-person learning, however. The article takes a close look at the attitude of teachers to the digital transformation of higher education and analyzes their narratives. Teachers believe that the most promising aspect of the digital transformation of universities is the use of blended learning technologies that combine the benefits of classical and innovative teaching methods. The article identifies risk factors and further opportunities for digital innovations in higher education.
Inclusive Education in the Post-Socialist Space: Comparative Study of an Assessment of Parental Satisfaction
Authors: Bolshakov Nikita , Dolgova Ekaterina
Published: March 2022

After the breakup of the USSR, the education systems of the former Soviet republics began to develop independently and adopt new legal and professional norms. Many of these norms are universal in nature — for example, inclusion and equal access to education for all categories of the population, including access to secondary and higher education for children with various disabilities. The present study makes use of the results of a survey of parents of schoolchildren in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the Ukraine to assess the satisfaction of parents of children with or without special educational needs studying at inclusive schools. It is shown that parents of children with or without disabilities have a fairly positive attitude towards inclusive education, albeit the main demand for inclusive education stems from parents of children with disabilities. However, respondents in most countries assessed the situation in inclusive schools as not being ideal — in particular, they were not satisfied with the qualifications of teachers. The present study shows that the countries of the post-Soviet space are extremely inhomogeneous in the indicators of parental satisfaction with inclusive education and stand at different stages of the development of the latter.
Influencia del Programa de Seis Fases y Sistema Motivacional del Yo en L2 de inmigrantes
Authors: Mamani Morón Elenisse , White Michael
Published: March 2022

Los movimientos migratorios masivos han generado una gran preocupación respecto a la integración social de migrantes, tanto en los países de origen como en los de destino. Siendo el aprendizaje de la lengua anfitriona, el principal elemento de inclusión y cohesión social, no se puede desmerecer el rol fundamental de la motivación como parte activa del proceso y óptimo resultado del aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio se basa en el Sistema Motivacional del Yo en L2 (SMYL2) de Dörnyei para explorar la experiencia motivacional de diez migrantes profesionales que aprenden la lengua local de sus nuevas comunidades a través del Programa de Seis Fases (PSF) de Thomson. El análisis cualitativo de las respuestas de entrevistas mediante la plataforma WebQDA, mostraron que la metodología del PSF proporciona un contexto favorable para la experiencia de aprendizaje de L2 y que tanto el yo ideal y el yo necesario no son mutuamente excluyentes. Las metas prácticas y posibles del PSF sostienen su motivación, y es su progreso lo que los incentiva a reducir la brecha entre su yo presente y su yo futuro.
Biologic feedback as a perspective direction for rehabilitation in traumatic and orthopedic disturbances of motor function
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Tsykunov M. B. , Kosov I. S.
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of biologic feedback for the treatment of motional Disturbances in locomotor system injury is scientifically stipulated. Principles of the method application are shown; means and methods of biocontrol with feedback are defined.
Classification of shoulder joint instability
Authors: Tyazhlov A. A.
Published: March 2022

Multilevel etiologic pathogenetic classification of shoulder joint instability that reflects hierarchic structure of pathologic process is elaborated. Classification is formed by the discrete model. Depending on the aim it gives the possibility to use the separate semantic blocks both for clinical practice (nosologic and diagnostic levels) and for scientific studies (etiologic and pathogenetic levels).
Orthopedic morbidity of children in Russia, organization of specialized service and prespectives of its perfection
Authors: Pozdnikin Y. I. , Solov'yeva K. S.
Published: March 2022

Unfavourable present demographic process, decrease of indices of childrens physical development, increase of congenital and acquired orthopedic pathology as well as the increase of total number of disabled children make high demands of the organization of specialized service in Russia. In general the orthopedic service for children meets the modern requirements. Its further development is foreseen by the Order of the Russin Health Ministry # 140 About the measures on the perfection of traumatologic and orthopedic service. The urgent goals are the following: early detection of the pathology and early adequate treatment; continuity and succession of rendering aid in outpatient departments, hospitals and rehabilitation institutions; introduction of diagnostic and treatment standards into clinical practice. To improve the pediatric orthpedic service it is necessary to increase the possibilities for rehabilitation treatment, the complex of sanitary measures for childrens population aimed at the prevention of orthopedic pathology.
Robust intent recognition for the control of myoelectric lower limb prostheses
Authors:   , Hillstrom Howard J. , Moskowitz Gordon D
Published: March 2022

A study of the stochastic nature of the processed electromyogram (EMG) and performance of Gaussian Bayesian spatial pattern recognition systems, for the control of an above-knee (A/K) prosthesis, was conducted. The primary focus of this study was to identify, derive, and implement myoelectric signal processing methods that are capable of recognizing the functional intent of an individual over as large a range of force and span of time as possible. Data qualification procedures were applied to raw, processed, and patterns of processed EMG, coefficients of the linear discriminant functions of spatial pattern recognition systems, and both estimated and observed joint moments. The means and variances of all variables were found to be stationary on the second scale and nonstationary on the minute and hour scales. The one exception was the observed joint moment which was nonstationary in the variance only. A long term model of observed pattern vectors was developed to account for the nonstationary behavior. Patterns of processed EMG for isometric-isotonic and isometric-anisotonic, linearly increasing force muscle states were collected. Thus it was possible to test and evaluate a candidate "myoprocessor" with both discrete and continuously varying levels of knee moment data. Processed EMG that spanned an hour was ensemble averaged to form a Gaussian Bayesian reference model which minimized the average expected loss in the wide sense. Signal to noise ratios and percent correct classifications were obtained and proved superior to shorter term models. Improved performance was also obtained by developing a classifier normalization procedure that differed from the classical approach. Minute and hour scale stationarity was observed in parameters that were nonstationary in short term models. Recognition of an individual's functional intent has also been accomplished robustly for unplanned, nonlinear, neuromuscular events. In addition, Reference Models avoided the "catastrophic" condition that represents an uncontrollable state to the amputee to which short term models are prone. The feasibility of applying this research to real time estimation of magnitude and direction of intended limb function for the control of myoelectric lower limb prostheses has been assessed with special attention to accuracy, reliability, and computational efficiency.
Interferons Induce BST-2/tetherin in Measles Virus-Infected Neurons and Permissive Mice
Authors:   , Holmgren Alicia Marie , Rall Glenn
Published: March 2022

Though neurons can be productively infected with measles virus (MV), they do not display two of the cardinal hallmarks of peripheral infection: release of extracellular virions and associated cytopathicity due to syncytia formation. How neurons survive MV infection, as well as other neurotropic viral infections, may be due to induction of a unique profile of interferon-inducible genes. One of these genes, BST-2, inhibits release of enveloped viruses. Based on this observation, we investigated the ability of interferons and MV infection to induce BST-2 in primary neurons, and to explore the consequences of BST-2 expression on MV release. Despite low basal BST-2 expression in neurons as compared to primary fibroblasts and glial cells, Type I (IFN[beta]) and Type II interferon (IFN[gamma]) exposure significantly induced BST-2 expression in neurons. MV-infection of neurons also elevated BST-2 levels, though interestingly, another enveloped RNA virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), did not affect BST-2 levels, perhaps because of its capacity to block the host interferon response. This finding led us to investigate how MV induces BST-2. Utilizing neurons from Type I interferon receptor knockout (IFNAR KO) mice and STAT1 knockout mice, we found that MV upregulation of BST-2 is dependent on IFN production and signaling via STAT1, not viral replication itself. A cell line expressing tetracycline-inducible BST-2 was employed to show that extracellular MV is, in fact, limited by BST-2 expression. Historically, interferons are known to inhibit viral spread and contain infection. Moreover, IFN[gamma] is recognized as a critical mediator of neurotropic MV infection. Although IFN[gamma] is crucial for non-cytolytic clearance of MV in vivo, the mechanisms by which it protects neurons from death and viral release are unknown. Type I interferons and IFNy were examined for their ability to limit viral RNA production and spread. Of note, Type I interferons and IFN[gamma] inhibited MV via different mechanisms: Type I interferons restricted extracellular MV release, while IFN[gamma] limited neuron-to-neuron spread. These findings will enable us to better understand the cell-specific responses to interferons induced by viral infection, and will elucidate how interferons function in the unique environment of the CNS.