bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6-Bromoquinoline-8-carbonitrile
Authors: Çelik Ísmail , Akkurt Mehmet , Ökten Salih , Çakmak Osman , Ersanlı Cem Cüneyt
Published: July 2017

In the title compound, C10H5BrN2, the whole molecule is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å). The crystal packing features face-to-face π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.755 (3) Å] between the pyridine and benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems of adjacent molecules, along the a-axis direction. Short Br...Br contacts of 3.5908 (12) Å (compared to a van der Waals separation of 3.70 Å) are also observed.
Biphenyl-4-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Olszowy Aleksandra , Siodłak Dawid , Zarychta Bartosz
Published: July 2017

Molecules of the title compound, C19H16O3S, are composed of a biphenyl moiety substituted with a toluene-4-sulfonate group. The dihedral angle between the two coplanar biphenyl rings and the toluene ring is 52.72 (6)°.
Gender perception in the development of online legal information system for the Indian environment
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The study aims to identify gender differences and similarities in the awareness of legal information resources and problems faced by legal professionals. Further, the study identifies the differences on the basis of gender, regarding the requirements in developing an online legal information system (OLIS) for the Indian environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was carried out in eight law libraries in Delhi using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected through the questionnaire having 27 questions including dichotomous (Yes/No), multiple-choice questions, rating and opinion questions. A need assessment survey was conducted using the structured questionnaire circulated among 750 respondents of eight institutions in Delhi. In total, 397 filled in questionnaires were received back. A total of 246 of the respondents were males and 151 females. The design and development of an OLIS went through five phases, i.e. preliminary preparation, designing and planning phase, development of OLIS covering preparation of software, data structures, metadata, search form, testing and implementation phase and maintenance.

Findings

The study found that 100 per cent of the female respondents were aware of online legal information resources. Maximum 28.4 per cent female respondents rated legal e-resources “very good”, whereas only 19.9 per cent male ranked them “very good”. Female respondents were found less aware about open access resources. In addition, of 246 male respondents, 213 (86.6 per cent) responded “Yes” about awareness of open access resources and 33 (13.4 per cent) marked “No”. In comparison, 116 (76.8 per cent) female respondents revealed they are aware of open access resources; 35 (23.2 per cent) were not aware of open access resources. Fifty-eight (23.6 per cent) male respondents were very dissatisfied, and 60 (24.4 per cent) completely dissatisfied. However, in contrast, 29 (19.2 per cent) female respondents were very dissatisfied and 24 (15.9 per cent) completely dissatisfied in using open access resources.

Research limitations/implications

The study covers only eight institutions in Delhi, India. High courts and law universities in other parts of the country are not covered. In addition, OLIS contains a sample collection.

Practical implications

The study explores the inhibitions faced by female and male legal professionals. A suitable legal information system is developed to match the requirements of female legal professionals, research scholars and faculty members. The study is expected to address problems faced by female legal professionals in accessing the desired judicial and legislative information.

Originality/value

OLIS (www.olisindia.in) has been developed on the basis of a need assessment survey conducted on male and female legal professionals in India. No study has been conducted so far to compare the viewpoints of male and female legal professionals in India for developing an OLIS.
Teaching effectiveness attributes in business schools
Authors: Simendinger Earl , El-Kassar Abdul-Nasser , Gonzalez-Perez Maria Alejandra , Crawford John , Thomason Stephanie , Reynet Philippe , Kjellander Björn , Edwards Judson
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Determining the attributes of effective business teachers is critical to schools as they strive to attract and retain students, assure learning, obtain and maintain reputation and accreditations, and place their alumni in the competitive job market. The purpose of this paper is to examine students and faculty perceptions of teaching effectiveness in five culturally disparate countries: Colombia, France, Lebanon, Sweden, and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was designed based on previous research complemented by an extensive literature review as well as personal communications with faculty in different international business schools. The survey considered 39 teaching attributes related to three specific dimensions: class delivery, class preparation and design, and instructional traits and personal characteristics. The survey targeted students and faculty from seven business schools located in five countries.

Findings

This study offers new conceptual and analytical analyses from a cross-country comparative perspective. Rankings of the importance of perceived teaching attributes for both major groups involved in the teaching of business, faculty and students, are reported. The attributes are also ranked by teaching taxonomy and examined across countries.

Practical implications

This study provides practical results that can be useful to instructors wishing to increase their teaching effectiveness and to universities considering revising their student evaluation forms.

Originality/value

This study includes data collected from faculty and students from several schools located in culturally disparate countries and, thus, increases the applicability of the results in a cross-cultural manner and provides implications for practice internationally.
Generating change from below: what role for leadership from above?
Authors: King Fiona , Stevenson Howard
Published: July 2017

Purpose

In recent years the benefits of distributed leadership have often assumed the status of an unchallengeable orthodoxy. There is a general acceptance that leadership is best when it is dispersed. In reality this is often little more than a form of “licensed leadership” in which those working in subordinate roles can only exercise their leadership in tightly prescribed contexts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of teacher professional development to promoting a more optimistic vision of teacher leadership and, ultimately, organisational change. It explores the role of leadership “from above” in supporting classroom teachers to engage with and sustain change.

Design/methodology/approach

The study, which was situated in the Republic of Ireland, employed a case study approach with 20 participants in five urban disadvantaged schools.

Findings

The paper seeks to demonstrate how a professional development initiative was used to promote significant and sustained change in four of the five case study schools.

Research limitations/implications

It argues that in order to understand sustained change in schools it is necessary to better understand the complex ways in which leadership from above can generate change agency from below.

Originality/value

This paper offers a critical perspective in relation to mainstream distributed leadership theory and practice.
Human capital challenges in the hotel industry of Canada: finding innovative solutions
Authors: Willie Paul A. , Connor David , Sole Jordi , Forgacs Gabor , Grieve Robert , Mueller Jennifer
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to identify possible solutions to the current and persistent challenge of attracting and retaining qualified people to work in Canada’s hotel industry. The outlook for the industry is that a critical shortage of skilled workers will continue to exist for at least the next decade.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws on the perspectives of three academics and three industry practitioners in an effort to identify root causes and possible solutions. Canadian and international literature is reviewed to establish current practices and point to gaps to be filled to meet the market needs. Recommendations are categorized by industry and academic perspectives.

Findings

The Canadian hotel industry faces challenges in filling job vacancies and maintaining employees in their roles. It is important for industry and academia to work collaboratively to educate the general public on the rewards and benefits of working in the Canadian hotel industry.

Practical implications

Many concrete strategies are suggested that individual hotel operations and the industry as a whole can implement to improve their human resource management and to entice potential employees to join the sector.

Originality/value

This paper adds value and contributes to the Canadian hotel industry and academia, as it represents current research and thought processes from both the academic community and the Canadian hotel industry.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes: the hospitality and tourism industry in Canada
Authors: Jayawardena Chandana (Chandi) , Teare Richard
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to profile the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHATT) theme issue “The hospitality and tourism industry in Canada: what are the main challenges and solutions?” with reference to the experiences of the lead theme editor and the writing team.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editor to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting-point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process.

Findings

It has been observed that involving authors of different academic and professional backgrounds in all aspects of hospitality and tourism is daunting but valuable. The outcomes of a broad-ranging collaboration yield fresh insights, a deeper understanding of the issues and an array of possible responses to the theme issue question.

Practical implications

The theme issue outcomes provide lines of enquiry for others to explore and reinforce the value of WHATT’s approach to collaborative working and writing.

Originality/value

The collaborative work reported in this theme issue offers a unified but contrarian response to the theme’s strategic question. Taken together, the collection of articles constitutes a provocative yet authoritative call to action in response to the problems highlighted.
A Ballistics Examination of Firearm Injuries Involving Breast Implants
Authors: Pannucci Christopher J. , Cyr Adam J. , Moores Neal G. , Young Jason B. , Szegedi Martin
Published: July 2017

This ballistics study examines whether saline breast implants can decrease tissue penetration in firearm injuries. We hypothesize that the fluid column within a saline breast implant can alter bullet velocity and/or bullet pattern of mushrooming. The two experimental groups included saline implants with 7.4 cm projection and a no implant group. The experimental design allowed the bullet to pass‐through an implant and into ballistics gel (n = 10) or into ballistics gel without passage through an implant (n = 11). Shots that passed through an implant had 20.6% decreased penetration distance when compared to shots that did not pass‐through an implant; this difference was statistically significant (31.9 cm vs. 40.2 cm, p < 0.001). Implant group bullets mushroomed prior to gel entry, but the no implant group mushroomed within the gel. Bullet passage through a saline breast implant results in direct bullet velocity reduction and earlier bullet mushrooming; this causes significantly decreased ballistics gel penetration.
Increased expression of resistin in ectopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis
Authors: Oh Yoon Kyung , Ha Young Ran , Yi Kyong Wook , Park Hyun Tae , Shin Jung‐Ho , Kim Tak , Hur Jun‐Young
Published: July 2017

Problem

Inflammation is a key process in the establishment and progression of endometriosis. Resistin, an adipocytokine, has biological properties linked to immunologic functions, but its role in endometriosis is unclear.

Method of study

Resistin gene expression was examined in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with (n=25) or without (n=25) endometriosis. Resistin mRNA and protein levels were determined in endometrial tissue using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, following adipokine profiling arrays.

Results

Resistin protein was detected in human endometrial tissues using an adipokine array test. Resistin mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in ectopic endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis than in normal eutopic endometrial tissue.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that resistin is differentially expressed in endometrial tissues from women with endometriosis and imply a role for resistin in endometriosis‐associated pelvic inflammation.
Growth impairment and gonadal axis abnormalities are common in survivors of paediatric brain tumours
Authors: Pietilä Sari , Mäkipernaa Anne , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Lenko Hanna L.
Published: July 2017

Aim

Childhood brain tumour survivors have a high risk of endocrine morbidity. This study evaluated the growth, pubertal development and gonadal function in survivors of childhood brain tumours and identified factors associated with the problems we observed.

Methods

The 52 subjects (52% male) were diagnosed in 1983–1997 and treated for brain tumours at Tampere University Hospital, Finland. They were followed up at a mean age of 14.2 (3.8–28.7) years, a mean of 7.5 (1.5–15.1) years after diagnosis.

Results

We found that 30 (58%) participants had a lower height standard deviation score at follow‐up than at diagnosis and short stature at follow‐up was associated with tumour malignancy (p = 0.005), radiotherapy (p = 0.004), chemotherapy (p = 0.024), growth hormone deficiency (p < 0.001), hypogonadism (p = 0.044) and delayed puberty (p = 0.021). We found that five needed sex hormones to induce puberty, one had precocious puberty, 12 (23%) had growth hormone deficiency and eight (22%) of the 36 pubertal or postpubertal patients had hypogonadism. Testicular volume was low in 83% of late or postpubertal male survivors.

Conclusion

Growth impairment, growth hormone deficiency and hypogonadism were common in childhood brain tumour survivors and low testicular volume was also common in male survivors. Lifelong annual follow‐up checks are indicated for survivors.
Prevention and recognition of abusive head trauma: training for healthcare professionals in Vietnam
Authors: Fraser Jennifer A. , Flemington Tara , Doan Thi Ngoc Diep , Hoang Minh Tu Van , Doan Thi Le Binh , Ha Manh Tuan
Published: July 2017

Aim

This study presents results from an intervention designed to improve identification and response to abusive head trauma in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Vietnam.

Methods

One hundred and sixteen healthcare professionals (paediatric medical and nursing staff) completed a clinical training programme and participated in its evaluation. A pre–post‐test and follow‐up design was used to evaluate the outcomes. Questionnaires were used to collect data prior to training, at six weeks and at six months. Generalised linear modelling was used to examine changes in diagnostic skills and knowledge of the consequences of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) (a form of abusive head trauma), its prevention and treatment.

Results

At baseline, awareness and knowledge reflected no former abusive head trauma training. Following the intervention, participants had an increased awareness of shaken baby syndrome and the potential consequences of shaking infants and had acquired techniques to inform parents how to manage the crying infant.

Conclusion

The intervention was effective in raising awareness of shaken baby syndrome and its consequences amongst the participating healthcare professionals in Vietnam. Training can improve detection and prevention of abusive head trauma, and the intervention has the potential to be adapted for similar settings internationally.
Gastric gland mucin‐specific O‐glycan expression decreases with tumor progression from precursor lesions to pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Shimojo Hisashi , Fujii Chifumi , Nakayama Jun
Published: July 2017

Pancreatic cancer is lethal, as it is often detected late. Thus, novel biomarkers of precursor lesions are needed to devise timely therapies. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) are major precursors of pancreatic cancer. In normal gastric mucosa, gastric gland mucin‐specific O‐glycans are unique in having α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues attached to MUC6. Recently we reported that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor for differentiated‐type gastric adenocarcinoma (Karasawa et al., J Clin Invest 122, 923, 2012). MUC6 is also expressed in pancreatic neoplasms, including PanIN and IPMN, but the role of αGlcNAc expression in pancreatic neoplasms remains unknown. Here, we analyze expression patterns of αGlcNAc, MUC6 and MUC5AC in pancreatic neoplasms and compare them with progression from PanIN to invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (IDAC) (the PanIN‐IDAC sequence; 20 cases) and from IPMN to IPMN with associated invasive carcinoma (IPMNAIC) (the IPMN‐IPMNAIC sequence; 20 cases). At both sequences, the frequency of MUC6‐positive and αGlcNAc‐positive lesions decreased with tumor progression. We then compared expression levels of αGlcNAc and MUC6 at each step of the progression. At the PanIN‐IDAC sequence, αGlcNAc expression significantly decreased relative to MUC6 in low‐grade PanIN (P = 0.021), high‐grade PanIN/intraductal spread of IDAC (P = 0.031) and IDAC (P = 0.013). At the IPMN‐IPMNAIC sequence, decreased αGlcNAc expression was also observed in low‐grade IPMN exhibiting gastric‐type morphology (P = 0.020). These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 occurs early and marks the initiation of tumor progression to pancreatic cancer.
Mycotic aneurysm of the root of left subclavian artery associated with aortic coarctation discovered by echocardiography
Authors: Deng Ming‐dan , Wei Xin , Zhang Wen , Tang Hong
Published: July 2017

A 16‐year‐old girl was admitted with a 7‐month history of recurrent fever, weight loss of 5 kg, and general poor health status. Blood culture was positive with Streptococcus viridans. Transthoracic echocardiography established an aneurysm of the root of left subclavian artery, associated with an aortic coarctation just before the origin of the left subclavian artery with a velocity of 4.8 cm/s. Three‐dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the entire inner structure of the aneurysm. Computed tomography reconstruction confirmed the presence of aortic coarctation and mycotic aneurysm, it also revealed an aberrant right subclavian artery.
Mutual Fund Governance: Depositary Independence and Investor Protection
Authors: Tran Dieu Linh
Published: July 2017

The main role of a depositary is to protect investors by providing safekeeping and monitoring services. In Europe in general and in France in particular, it is common for funds and their depositary belong to the same financial group. This ownership linkage between funds and their depositary can affect the effectiveness of the depositary services, and investors might not be well protected. Using a sample of 1,515 French equity funds designed for retail investors, I investigate the effects of the dependence of depositaries on investor protection by comparing performance, risk taking and fees between independent and dependent‐depositary funds. The results show that an independent depositary seems to approve more ‘fair’ fees than a dependent depositary. However, there is no significant difference in performance or in risk taking between these two types of funds. Nevertheless, retail investors seem to care about the independence of the depositary.
Spiny keratoderma: case series and review
Authors: Chee Shien‐Ning , Ge Ludi , Agar Nita , Lowe Patricia
Published: July 2017

Background

Spiny keratoderma is a rare, possibly under‐reported, condition characterized by discrete keratotic plugs arising from the palms, soles, or both. It has been associated with malignancies though there is debate as to whether spiny keratoderma is a true paraneoplastic phenomenon. It has also been linked to a variety of non‐neoplastic conditions, and several cases appear to be familial.

Methods

We describe two additional cases of this rare entity and review the literature.

Results

Thirty‐seven cases of spiny keratoderma, including ours, have been reported in the literature. Average age at presentation was 63 years. Earliest age of onset was 11 months. A variety of ethnicities were represented. Ten cases were associated with malignancies. Six cases appeared to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Several cases were reported in healthy individuals as an incidental finding though it is possible that an associated malignancy or systemic disease will declare itself with time.

Treatment is generally unsatisfying with keratotic spines often recurring on cessation. Interestingly, in some patients, the spines resolve after treatment of an underlying malignancy.

Conclusions

This small case series provides an opportunity to revisit the fascinating phenomena of spiny keratoderma, its possible associations, and implications for follow‐up. Due to the association with cancer, all patients presenting with spiny keratoderma should undergo baseline age‐appropriate malignancy screening, thence 1‐2 times yearly, or as symptoms arise.
A stakeholder‐based approach to leadership development training: the case of medical education in Canada
Authors: Bharwani Aleem , Kline Theresa , Patterson Margaret
Published: July 2017

This paper reports the use of a stakeholder‐based, bottom‐up approach to determining leadership training needs and designing leadership training programs which contrasts with the top‐down policy that is often applied. The context is a Canadian medical school. Leadership training in medicine is in its infancy. Discussed and outlined in this study are stakeholder opinions on the pillars and priorities upholding leadership development. Seventy‐seven semi‐structured interviews were conducted with stakeholder groups including Trainees, Mid‐Level University Leaders, Senior Medical Clinician Leaders, Senior University Leaders, Medical Scientists and Senior Executives and Directors external to the University. Conventional content analysis was used to group the text into common themes and then group the themes into more general categories. Five general categories emerged: formal programming, organizational support, program evaluation, skill development and participant selection. A successful training program starts with identifying the individuals most likely to benefit from such a program. It emphasizes early training, mentorship and experiential learning. Programs should focus on developing: self‐awareness, communication skills and team‐building capability. Formal training programs would be most successful if they were regularly evaluated and strongly supported by their parent organizations.
Learned Labels Shape Pre‐speech Infants’ Object Representations
Authors: Twomey Katherine E. , Westermann Gert
Published: July 2017

Infants rapidly learn both linguistic and nonlinguistic representations of their environment and begin to link these from around 6 months. While there is an increasing body of evidence for the effect of labels heard in‐task on infants’ online processing, whether infants’ learned linguistic representations shape learned nonlinguistic representations is unclear. In this study 10‐month‐old infants were trained over the course of a week with two 3D objects, one labeled, and one unlabeled. Infants then took part in a looking time task in which 2D images of the objects were presented individually in a silent familiarization phase, followed by a preferential looking trial. During the critical familiarization phase, infants looked for longer at the previously labeled stimulus than the unlabeled stimulus, suggesting that learning a label for an object had shaped infants’ representations as indexed by looking times. We interpret these results in terms of label activation and novelty response accounts and discuss implications for our understanding of early representational development.
Geographical patterns of body mass distribution are robust even when inserting uncertainty in average estimates of species body mass
Authors: Maestri Renan , Luza André Luís , de Barros Lurdiana Dayse , Hartz Sandra Maria , Ferrari Augusto , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena , Duarte Leandro D. S.
Published: July 2017

Pardiñas, Valenzuela, and Salazar‐Bravo (2017) are concerned that eventual differences in species mean body masses and in the phylogenetic hypothesis used in Maestri et al. (2016)—compared with those available on other potential sources—could affect the results of our original article. Here, we used a new phylogenetic hypothesis to conduct the same analyses of the original article, and we randomly sampled 1000 values of body mass within approximately 35% upper and lower intervals around the mean body mass for each species included in our database. We show that our previous results and conclusions are robust and valid, and they persist despite uncertainty in mean body mass estimation. We argue that sampling variation and uncertainty in both species mean body mass estimation and phylogenetic hypothesis are to be expected and should not always be confused with inaccuracies.
Could phase 3 medicine trials be tagged as pragmatic? A case study: The Salford COPD trial
Authors: Dal‐Ré Rafael
Published: July 2017

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) can be classified as explanatory or pragmatic. Currently, explanatory and pragmatic are considered to be the extremes of a continuum: Many trials have some features of both explanatory and pragmatic RCTs. The Salford Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease (COPD) trial was an open‐label phase 3 RCT assessing an experimental product (fluticasone furoate–vilanterol) vs usual care. The Salford investigators labelled it as “the world's first phase 3 pragmatic RCT” in COPD patients. The evaluation of the Salford trial by means of the PRECIS‐2 tool, yielded a mix of both extremes (explanatory and pragmatic) with several of the 9 domains close to the explanatory extreme and few to the pragmatic one. A number of the features could not be considered as being minimal changes over usual clinical practice. Hence, it would be difficult to accept that the Salford COPD trial was a pragmatic RCT. In addition, all trial participants could have been subject to the Hawthorne effect. The scientific community needs to be rigorous enough when using certain terms related to RCT. It is clear that the Salford COPD trial had particular features—sharing some of explanatory phase 3 RCTs and some of pragmatic RCTs. This, however, is not enough to tag it as a “pragmatic” RCT providing “real‐world” data. These words should not be used when referring to prelicensed RCT, unless they really describe how was the trial conducted and the type of data gathered—something that with the current clinical trial regulations will only occur in very rare circumstances.
Predictors of Independent Aging and Survival: A 16‐Year Follow‐Up Report in Octogenarian Men
Authors: Franzon Kristin , Byberg Liisa , Sjögren Per , Zethelius Björn , Cederholm Tommy , Kilander Lena
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To examine the longitudinal associations between aging with preserved functionality, i.e. independent aging and survival, and lifestyle variables, dietary pattern and cardiovascular risk factors.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, Sweden.

Participants

Swedish men (n = 1,104) at a mean age of 71 (range 69.4–74.1) were investigated, 369 of whom were evaluated for independent aging 16 years later, at a mean age of 87 (range 84.8–88.9).

Measurements

A questionnaire was used to obtain information on lifestyle, including education, living conditions, and physical activity. Adherence to a Mediterranean‐like diet was assessed according to a modified Mediterranean Diet Score derived from 7‐day food records. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Independent aging at a mean age of 87 was defined as lack of diagnosed dementia, a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 25 or greater, not institutionalized, independence in personal activities of daily living, and ability to walk outdoors alone. Complete survival data at age 85 were obtained from the Swedish Cause of Death Register.

Results

Fifty‐seven percent of the men survived to age 85, and 75% of the participants at a mean age of 87 displayed independent aging. Independent aging was associated with never smoking (vs current) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–4.60) and high (vs low) adherence to a Mediterranean‐like diet (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.14–6.80). Normal weight or overweight and waist circumference of 102 cm or less were also associated with independent aging. Similar associations were observed with survival.

Conclusion

Lifestyle factors such as never smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and not being obese at age 71 were associated with survival and independent aging at age 85 and older in men.
Effect of storage conditions on virulence of Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria alternata on apple fruits
Authors: Tarlanović Jelena , Grahovac Mila , Milić Biserka , Keserović Zoran , Magazin Nenad , Petreš Mladen , Miodragović Maja
Published: July 2017

To overcome difficulty in phytopathogenic fungi control during storage of apple fruits, the effect of different storage conditions on the occurrence and development of Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria alternata infections on apple cultivar “Cripps Pink” was investigated during and after storage. Inhibitory effects of wild oregano essential oil on apple fruit rots caused by F. avenaceum and A. alternata were also tested as possible rot control measure. Artificially inoculated apple fruits were kept in cold storage with normal (NA) and controlled (CA) atmosphere for 95 days and at room temperature only. The obtained results indicated that different storage conditions significantly affect necrosis development on apple fruits caused by F. avenaceum and A. alternata after storage, as well as during shelf life.
Down regulation ofAPETALA3 homolog resulted in defect of floral structure critical to explosive pollen release inCornus canadensis
Authors: Liu Xiang , Li Lu , (Jenny) Xiang Qiu‐Yun
Published: July 2017

In mature buds of the dwarf dogwood lineage (DW) ofCornus, petals and filaments form an “x”‐like box containing mechanical energy from the filaments to allow explosive pollen dispersal. As a start to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the origin of this unique structure inCornus, we cloned and characterized the sequences ofAPETALA3(AP3) homologs fromCornus canadensisof the DW lineage and five otherCornusspecies, given the function ofAP3on petal and stamen development inArabidopsis, and tested the function ofCorcanAP3using a stableAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation system. The clonedCorAP3s(AP3‐like genes inCornus) were confirmed to belong to theeuAP3lineage. qRT‐PCR analysis indicated strong increase ofCorcanAP3expression in floral buds of wildtypeC. canadensis. A hairpin construct ofCorcanAP3was successfully introduced into wild type plants ofC. canadensis, resulting in significant reduction ofCorcanAP3expression and abnormal floral development. The abnormal floral buds lost the “x” form and opened immaturely due to delay or retard of petal and stamen elongation and the push of style elongation. The results suggestedCorcanAP3may function to regulate the coordinated rate of development of petals and stamens inC. canadensis, necessary for the x‐structure formation, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Comparison among sixCornusspecies indicated a greater ratio of stamen to petal and style growth inC. canadensis, suggesting an evolutionary change ofCorAP3expression pattern in the DW lineage, leading to the greater growth of filaments to form the “x”‐box.
Copyright infringement and protection in holographic performances: From the Chinese perspective
Authors: Hua Jerry Jie
Published: July 2017

The last several years have witnessed the growing popularity of holographic forms which show images of deceased or living celebrity performers on stage. The growing use of holograms in live performances has caused legal issues with respect to copyright protection, trademark, and right of publicity. The discussion in this note focuses on the two following primary questions on copyrights. First, in order to produce holographic images and avoid copyright infringement, from whom should the producer obtain copyright and what kind of rights do they have? Second, are the produced holographic performances copyrightable so that the producer can prohibit unauthorized use? A discussion of these issues will lend clarity to the boundaries of copyright infringement and copyright protection in the production of holographic performances and promote widespread use of holographic images in live performances.
Winter climate affects torpor patterns and roost choice in New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats
Authors: Czenze Z. J. , Brigham R. M. , Hickey A. J. R. , Parsons S.
Published: July 2017

Variation in winter conditions differentially impacts thermoregulation of endotherms, with some species using torpor as an energy‐saving strategy during periods of negative energy balance. We evaluated how differences in energy balance due to winter ambient temperatures (Ta), would lead to differing torpor expression and roost choice between populations. Here, we monitored Ta and skin temperatures (Tsk) of New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) using temperature telemetry from an inland population from Pureora, North Island and another from Hauturu/Little Barrier Island (Hauturu), an offshore island. Relative to Pureora, all recorded Ta variables were higher in Hauturu. Hauturu bats used short torpor (<24 h) more frequently (51% of observational days) than their Pureora conspecifics (33%). Furthermore, minimum Tsk of Hauturu bats correlated positively with mean Ta and Hauturu bats were more likely to arouse on nights with warmer sunset Ta. No correlation was found for Pureora bats. Torpor bout duration did not differ between sites. On Hauturu, bats preferred thermally unstable roosts and preferentially roosted inside dead punga/silver fern‐trees (Cyathea dealbata). As punga thermal characteristics did not differ from Ta, Hauturu bats may take advantage of warm Ta to reduce rewarming costs. We did not observe differences in any thermoregulatory variables between sexes in Hauturu. Differences in winter Ta may differentially impact populations across a latitudinal gradient. Although bat populations in warmer climates are under less thermoregulatory stress, site and climate specific adaptations appear to be employed that affect roost choice and torpor patterns.
Online Networks and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Sabatini Fabio , Sarracino Francesco
Published: July 2017

We test the relationship between the use of social networking sites (SNS) and a proxy of utility, i.e. subjective well‐being (SWB), using instrumental variables. Additionally, we disentangle the indirect effects of SNS on well‐being mediated by face‐to‐face interactions and social trust using a structural equation model. Results suggest that the use of SNS hampers people's well‐being directly and indirectly, through its negative effects on social trust. However, the use of SNS also has a positive impact on well‐being because it increases the probability of face‐to‐face interactions. Yet, the net effect of the use of SNS for SWB remains negative.
Experimental work on the norms of assertion
Authors: Turri John
Published: July 2017

Communication is essential to human society, and assertion is central to communication. This article reviews evidence from life science, cognitive science, and philosophy relevant to understanding how our social practice of assertion is structured and sustained. The principal conclusion supported by this body of evidence is that knowledge is a central norm of assertion—that is, according to the rules of the practice, assertions should express knowledge.
The Future of Cognitive Neuroscience? Reverse Inference in Focus
Authors: Nathan Marco J. , Del Pinal Guillermo
Published: July 2017

This article presents and discusses one of the most prominent inferential strategies currently employed in cognitive neuropsychology, namely, reverse inference. Simply put, this is the practice of inferring, in the context of experimental tasks, the engagement of cognitive processes from locations or patterns of neural activation. This technique is notoriously controversial because, critics argue, it presupposes the problematic assumption that neural areas are functionally selective. We proceed as follows. We begin by introducing the basic structure of traditional “location‐based” reverse inference (§1) and discuss the influential lack of selectivity objection (§2). Next, we rehearse various ways of responding to this challenge and provide some reasons for cautious optimism (§3). The second part of the essay presents a more recent development: “pattern‐decoding reverse inference” (§4). This inferential strategy, we maintain, provides an even more convincing response to the lack of selectivity charge. Due to this and other methodological advantages, it is now a prominent component in the toolbox of cognitive neuropsychology (§5). Finally, we conclude by drawing some implications for philosophy of science and philosophy of mind (§6).
A Flavour of Class‐Based Spatial Change: Geographies of Haute Cuisine in the Netherlands
Authors: Boterman Willem R.
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the changing culinary geography of the Netherlands applying GIS methods. The changing location of Michelin star‐rated restaurants in the period 1986–2016 is put into a context of the changing relations between urban centres and their suburbs as well as the Randstad and the rest of the country. This paper suggests that the changing culinary geography of the Netherlands is related to the re‐emergence of larger cities, particularly of Amsterdam, associated with the rise of an urban middle class epitomised by processes of gentrification. High end award‐winning restaurants are argued to be a useful lens to study the symbolic geography of place, which integrates economic and symbolic perspectives on spatial change.
Refined methods to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic function and viability of transfused human platelets in rabbit models
Authors: Watanabe Naohide , Nogawa Masayuki , Ishiguro Mariko , Maruyama Hitomi , Shiba Masayuki , Satake Masahiro , Eto Koji , Handa Makoto
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

To bridge the gap between in vitro function and clinical efficacy of platelet (PLT) transfusion products, reliable in vivo PLT functional assays for hemostasis and survival in animal models are required. However, there are no standardized methods for assessing the in vivo quality of transfused human PLTs.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Plasma‐depleted human PLT concentrates (PCs; Day 3, Day 5, Day 7, Day 10, and damaged) were transfused into busulfan‐induced rabbits with thrombocytopenia with prolonged bleeding times 1 day after treatment with ethyl palmitate (EP) to block their reticuloendothelial systems. The hemostatic effect of PC transfusion was evaluated by the ear fine vein bleeding time. For the in vivo survival assay, splenectomized EP‐treated rabbits were transfused with human PCs, and viability of the human PLTs in the rabbits was determined by flow cytometry using human PLT‐specific antibodies and Trucount tubes.

RESULTS

The hemostatic effect of PCs was slightly reduced with increasing storage periods for early time points, but more dramatically reduced for later time points. PLT survival was similar after 3 and 7 days of storage, but PLTs stored for 10 days showed significantly poorer survival than those stored only 3 days.

CONCLUSION

Our new and improved protocol for in vivo assessment of transfused PLTs is sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle changes in hemostatic function and viability of human PLTs transfused into rabbit models. This protocol could contribute to preclinical in vivo functional assessment and clinical quality assurance of emerging novel PLT products such as cultured cell–derived human PLTs.
Prevalence of positive direct antiglobulin test and clinical outcomes in Surinamese newborns from D‐negative women
Authors: Zonneveld Rens , Lamers Margriet , Schonewille Henk , Brand Anneke , Kanhai Humphrey H.H. , Zijlmans Wilco C.W.R.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

In low‐resource countries, screening for D antibodies to detect pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn is not routine practice. Retrospective data showed that 5.5% of Surinamese newborns of D‐negative women had a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indicating the presence of maternal antibodies against fetal antigens. Here, the frequency and clinical relevance of DAT positivity is evaluated.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Between April 2015 and June 2016, an observational, multicenter cohort study was undertaken among Surinamese newborns born to D‐negative women. In newborns, the DAT was performed, and clinical outcomes between DAT‐negative and DAT‐positive newborns were compared.

RESULTS

Of the 232 evaluable newborns, 19 (8.2%) had a positive DAT, of which 11 of 15 antibody‐tested newborns had D antibodies. DAT‐positive newborns had lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.02) and a trend toward higher bilirubin concentrations (p = 0.09) in the first days of life compared with DAT‐negative newborns. DAT‐positive newborns were admitted more frequently (p = 0.02), needed phototherapy treatment almost four times as often as DAT‐negative newborns (26% vs. 7%; p = 0.008), and therapy took 2 days longer (p = 0.01). Exchange transfusions were performed in two newborns with D antibodies, both complicated with sepsis. The hospital stay was 2.5 days longer for DAT‐positive newborns (p = 0.007). Overall, the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the newborn requiring treatment was 2.2% among the whole cohort of newborns.

CONCLUSION

We found a high prevalence of DAT positivity with substantial need for hyperbilirubinemia treatment in newborns in Suriname. These results stress the necessity for better management procedures in D‐negative women.
Enhancing monochromatic multipole emission by a subwavelength enclosure of degenerate Mie resonances
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Zhang Likun , Wu Ying
Published: July 2017

Sound emission is inefficient at low frequencies as limited by source size. This letter presents enhancing emission of monochromatic monopole and multipole sources by enclosing the source with a subwavelength circular enclosure filled of an anisotropic material of a low radial sound speed. The anisotropy is associated with an infinite tangential density along the azimuth. Numerical simulations show that emission gain is produced at frequencies surrounding degenerate Mie resonant frequencies of the enclosure, and meanwhile the radiation directivity pattern is well preserved. The degeneracy is theoretically analyzed. A realization of the material is suggested by using a space-coiling structure.
Exercise Testing Reveals Everyday Physical Challenges of Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Authors: Creel David B. , Schuh Leslie M. , Newton Robert L. , Stote Joseph J. , Cacucci Brenda M.
Published: July 2017

Background: Few studies have quantified cardiorespiratory fitness among individuals seeking bariatric surgery. Treadmill testing allows researchers to determine exercise capacity through metabolic equivalents. These findings can assist clinicians in understanding patients’ capabilities to carry out various activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine exercise tolerance and the variables associated with fitness, among individuals seeking bariatric surgery. Methods: Bariatric surgery candidates completed submaximal treadmill testing and provided ratings of perceived exertion. Each participant also completed questionnaires related to history of exercise, mood, and perceived barriers/benefits of exercise. Results: Over half of participants reported that exercise was “hard to very hard” before reaching 70% of heart rate reserve, and one-third of participants reported that exercise was “moderately hard” at less than 3 metabolic equivalents (light activity). Body mass index and age accounted for the majority of the variance in exercise tolerance, but athletic history, employment status, and perceived health benefits also contributed. Perceived benefit scores were higher than barrier scores. Conclusion: Categories commonly used to describe moderate-intensity exercise (3–6 metabolic equivalents) do not coincide with perceptions of intensity among many bariatric surgery candidates, especially those with a body mass index of 50 or more.
Dose Selection for an Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein Vaccine for Older Adults Based on Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses
Authors: Falloon Judith , Talbot H. Keipp , Curtis Craig , Ervin John , Krieger Diane , Dubovsky Filip , Takas Therese , Yu Jing , Yu Li , Lambert Stacie L. , Villafana Tonya , Esser Mark T.
Published: July 2017

This is the second phase 1 study of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine containing RSV fusion protein (sF) adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA) in a squalene-based 2% stable emulsion (GLA-SE). In this randomized, double-blind study, 261 subjects aged ≥60 years received inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), a vaccine containing 120 μg sF with escalating doses of GLA (1, 2.5, or 5 μg) in SE, or a vaccine containing 80 μg sF with 2.5 μg GLA in SE. Subjects receiving 120 μg sF with 2.5 or 5 μg GLA were also randomized to receive IIV or placebo. Immunity to RSV was assessed by detection of microneutralizing, anti-F immunoglobulin G, and palivizumab-competitive antibodies and F-specific gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay T-cell responses. Higher adjuvant doses increased injection site discomfort, but at the highest dose, the reactogenicity was similar to that of IIV. Significant humoral and cellular immune responses were observed. The 120 μg sF plus 5.0 μg GLA formulation resulted in the highest responses in all subjects and in older subjects. These results confirm previous observations of vaccine tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity and were used to select the 120 μg sF plus 5.0 μg GLA formulation for phase 2 evaluation. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02289820.)
Draft Genome Sequence of Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn (ATCC 12698)
Authors: Putonti Catherine , Cudone Evan , Kalesinskas Laurynas , Engelbrecht Kathleen C. , Koenig David W. , Wolfe Alan J.
Published: July 2017

The actinobacterium
Micrococcus luteus
can be found in a wide variety of habitats. Here, we report the 2,411,958-bp draft genome sequence of the type strain
M. leuteus
(Schroeter) Cohn (ATCC 12698). Characteristic of this taxa, the genome sequence has a high G+C content, 73.14%.