bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma: a UK experience
Authors: Jayakumar N , Munuswamy S , Kulshreshtha R , Deshmukh S
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Implant wastage is an under-reported issue in orthopaedics, yet it has been shown to have a significant cost burden on healthcare budgets. In a background of a perilous financial climate in the UK health service, our aim was to define the frequency and costs of implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma.

Materials and methods

The trauma theatre’s implant logbook was retrospectively analysed between April 2017 and April 2018. Wasted implants were identified by the study authors independently. Patient demographics, implant details and costs were among the data collected. Product codes of wasted implants were used to identify implant costs through the manufacturer.

Results

Implant wastage occurred in 25.1% of trauma procedures during the study period. Most wasted implants (91%) were screws. The total cost of implant wastage was £8,377.25 during the 12-month period, accounting for 2% of the total implant budget. Wasted intramedullary nails accounted for almost 50% of the total cost. More than 51% of affected procedures involved a trainee as the primary operator.

Discussion

We report the first study of implant wastage in orthopaedics from the UK. Total implant wastage was higher than reported in most of the published literature, although it represented a small portion of the budget. Implant wastage is attributable to surgeons or operating theatre staff in most cases and is compounded by surgeons’ limited understanding of implant costs. Initiatives to reduce implant wastage should include raising awareness of costs and departmental wastage to surgeons and operating theatre staff as well as employing preoperative planning techniques.
A data-driven approach to monitoring data collection in an online panel
Authors: Herzing Jessica M.E. , Vandenplas Caroline , Axenfeld Julian B.
Published: October 2019

Longitudinal or panel surveys suffer from panel attrition which may result in biased estimates. Online panels are no exceptions to this phenomenon, but offer great possibilities in monitoring and managing the data-collection phase and response-enhancement features (such as reminders), due to real-time availability of paradata. This paper presents a data-driven approach to monitor the data-collection phase and to inform the adjustment of response-enhancement features during data collection across online panel waves, which takes into account the characteristics of an ongoing panel wave. For this purpose, we study the evolution of the daily response proportion in each wave of a probability-based online panel. Using multilevel models, we predict the data-collection evolution per wave day. In our example, the functional form of the data-collection evolution is quintic. The characteristics affecting the shape of the data-collection evolution are those of the specific wave day and not of the panel wave itself. In addition, we simulate the monitoring of the daily response proportion of one panel wave and find that the timing of sending reminders could be adjusted after 20 consecutive panel waves to keep the data-collection phase efficient. Our results demonstrate the importance of re-evaluating the characteristics of the data-collection phase, such as the timing of reminders, across the lifetime of an online panel to keep the fieldwork efficient.
Collecting biomedical and social data in a longitudinal survey: A comparison of two approaches
Authors: Brown Matt , Gilbert Emily , Calderwood Lisa , Taylor Kate , Morgan Hannah
Published: October 2019

The inclusion of the collection of biomeasures within social surveys, and longitudinal surveys in particular, is becoming ever more common. Combining objective measurements of health with detailed information about lifestyles and behaviour collected over long periods of time offers enormous research potential.

Studies that combine an interview with the collection of biomeasures can be conducted in various ways. One model is that field interviewers make initial contact with participants, conduct the interviews and arrange follow-up visits for a nurse to collect the biomeasures. Alternatively, field interviewers can be trained to collect biomeasures, but there remain questions about whether the quality of data collected is comparable to that collected by a nurse. Other studies invite participants to visit clinics, but this can be very costly in a large-scale national study. There is no consensus on the optimal strategy for combining a social survey with the collection of biomeasures.

The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study which began in 1970. The 11th sweep of the study began in 2016, when study members were aged 46, and included an interview component alongside the collection of a range of biomeasures.

The first phase of fieldwork was conducted using a new approach where nurses conducted all of the data collection. Midway through fieldwork BCS70 switched to a two-stage approach where interviews were conducted by interviewers followed by a separate nurse visit. This presented a unique opportunity to evaluate the success of the two approaches.
Using Machine Learning to Identify True Somatic Variants from Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhao Xiaonan , Welsh Mark , Costello Kellianne , Cao Kajia , Abou Tayoun Ahmad , Li Marilyn , Sarmady Mahdi
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Molecular profiling has become essential for tumor risk stratification and treatment selection. However, cancer genome complexity and technical artifacts make identification of real variants a challenge. Currently, clinical laboratories rely on manual screening, which is costly, subjective, and not scalable. We present a machine learning–based method to distinguish artifacts from bona fide single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) detected by next-generation sequencing from nonformalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens.

METHODS

A cohort of 11278 SNVs identified through clinical sequencing of tumor specimens was collected and divided into training, validation, and test sets. Each SNV was manually inspected and labeled as either real or artifact as part of clinical laboratory workflow. A 3-class (real, artifact, and uncertain) model was developed on the training set, fine-tuned with the validation set, and then evaluated on the test set. Prediction intervals reflecting the certainty of the classifications were derived during the process to label “uncertain” variants.

RESULTS

The optimized classifier demonstrated 100% specificity and 97% sensitivity over 5587 SNVs of the test set. Overall, 1252 of 1341 true-positive variants were identified as real, 4143 of 4246 false-positive calls were deemed artifacts, whereas only 192 (3.4%) SNVs were labeled as “uncertain,” with zero misclassification between the true positives and artifacts in the test set.

CONCLUSIONS

We presented a computational classifier to identify variant artifacts detected from tumor sequencing. Overall, 96.6% of the SNVs received definitive labels and thus were exempt from manual review. This framework could improve quality and efficiency of the variant review process in clinical laboratories.
Chord Painting
Authors: LI Xiaohong
Published: October 2019

Music and painting are the most common chord phenomena. Based on discrete spectrum distribution logic (quantum spectrum) and chord mathematical model, chord time and chord space are expressed respectively.

Strings are the spatial semantics of chords(quantum spectrum), and different chords contain different spatial semantics: major trids = closed strings (contour lines), minor trids = open strings (fractal lines), geometric progression chords = membrane strings (non-linear Spaces), open-closed chords + membrane chords make up the chord space package: heptachord scales, jazz scales, atonal systems, and generate all spatial states and spatial interactions.

Chord painting is the basis of observation and application of chord space (open, closed, membrane string), and is also the main content of this book.

See also: Chord painting

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340492620_Chord_Painting
Riscos na rotina de trabalho de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de uma Equipe de Saúde da Família
Authors: Moreira Karine Da Silva , Bezerra Maria Luiza Rêgo , Nunes Simony Fabíola Lopes , Teixeira Cecilma Miranda de Sousa
Published: October 2019

Os Agentes Comunitário de Saúde estão sujeitos a situações de risco frente às suas responsabilidades no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde, destarte, este estudo de caráter descritivo de abordagem quali-quantitativa com o objetivo de investigar os riscos na rotina de trabalho destes profissionais da Equipe de Saúde da Família do Parque Anhanguera em Imperatriz, MA. Coletaram-se os dados em entrevista com questionário semiestruturado, após assinatura do termo de consentimento e aprovação no Comitê de Ética do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão sob o parecer 177.582. Os resultados obtidos foram apresentados em tabelas e gráfico através do programa Excel® e as questões qualitativas descritas de acordo com os objetivos, tendo sido os sujeitos identificados por nomes de pedras preciosas. Os resultados demonstraram que 100% foram do sexo feminino; 60% com idade de 31 a 55 anos e casadas; 100% com renda mensal de 1 a 2 salários mínimos; 80% atendiam até 149 famílias; 100% realizavam de 20 a 40 visitas semanais com carga horária de 8h/dia. Concluiu-se que, dentre os riscos, predominaram os biológicos e físicos, durante as visitas domiciliares. Já no perfil, o predomínio foi o sexo feminino, casada, ensino médio, renda familiar de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas com maior universo para consolidar estes achados e fomentar medidas públicas preventivas dos riscos.
The Legacy of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry
Authors: Abate Alexis R. , Di Stefano Anthny
Published: October 2019

This article outlines the 100-year history of Salus University from its founding as the Pennsylvania State College of Optometry in 1919 by Dr. Albert Fitch, through its growth into an integrated health sciences university. The article describes the university's evolving mission, academic diversification and physical expansion during the last century.
Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Nidianti Ersalina , Abdulloh Abdulloh , Safa Abdillah , Retnowati Wiwin , Soemarjati Wiwie , Nurlaila Hamida , Wook Kim Seung
Published: October 2019

The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production fromChlorella vulgarishas been studied by sequential investigation such as microalgae culturing, lipid extraction, and lipid conversion to FAME. TheC. vulgariscould grow well in the BG-11 medium and had a doubling time 3.7 days for its growth using inocula 16% (v/v). The optimum of dry cell biomass as 11.6 g/L was obtained after the microalgae culture harvested for 6 days. Lipid extraction from the biomass was carried out in various solvents and ultrasonication power, resulted lipid as 31% (w/w) when extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane-ethanol in ratio 1:1 and ultrasonication treatment at power 25 kHz/270W for 30 min. The lipid then converted to FAME through transesterification reaction with methanol using H2SO4catalyst at 45ºC for 2 h, and resulted FAME with area 32.26% in GC-MS analysis. The area was corresponded to FAME output as 13.68% (w/w). Fatty acid profiles of FAME obtained from GC-MS analysis showed the major peaks of fatty acids found inChlorella vulgariswere palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and margaric acid (C17:0), and nonadecanoic acid (C19:0). Optimization of the transesterification reaction will be developed in future to improve the FAME product.
Calabresi and Mill: Bilateralism, Moral Externalities and Value Pluralism
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni
Published: October 2019

The paper asks four questions: (1) Is the bilateralism of law and economics praised by Calabresi a form of “reflective equilibrium”? (2) Is Mill’s harm principle compatible with “third-party moral costs”? (3) How are we to distinguish the moral externalities that are to be given weight from those that are not? (4) How are we to adjudicate between welfare and equality, between a larger but less equal pie and a smaller but more equal one?

The first question has a positive answer and the second a negative one, whereas the last two do not have straightforward answers if we subscribe to value pluralism.
The Road Not Taken – Reading Calabresi’s “The Future of Law and Economics”
Authors: Stojanović Aleksandar , Silvestri Paolo
Published: October 2019

The publication of Guido Calabresi’s book “The Future of Law and Economics” has drawn a substantial amount of attention among law and economics scholars. We thought that the best way to devote special attention to this book was to devote a Special issue to it. This article situates Calabresi’s book among other reflections on the future of the discipline, introduces and explains the reasons behind this Special issue and discuss the organization and content of it.

We emphasize how Calabresi’s historical-conceptual standpoint allows him to isolate the stakes of different future developments around the question of how could further appreciation of legal institutions that defy the standard economic assumptions help the field develop theoretically. Overall, the contributors all shared Calabresi’s attempt to restore the balance between Law and Economics and the need to better account for the “whole unanalysed experience of human race”, often neglected by the Economic Analysis of Law approach. Most disagreements are about the ‘how’. In any case, the search for the Law and Economics ‘not (yet) taken’ or for other “Law and … ” approaches is always open to the Future.
Of Law and Economics and Economic Analysis of Law: The Role of the Lawyer
Authors: Calabresi Guido
Published: October 2019

This is the first chapter of The Future of Law and Economics: Essays in Reform and Recollection by Guido Calabresi, first published by Yale University Press in 2016.
Ultrasound screening of ovarian cancer
Authors: Bäumler Marcel , Gallant Delphine , Druckmann René , Kuhn Walther
Published: October 2019

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate. The most common serous type spreads rapidly throughout the peritoneal cavity when 5-year survival is 10%. If diagnosed in earlier stages where the cancer is still confined to the ovary, this survival rate is about 90%. This is the reason to be interested in screening at earlier stages in the average-risk general population. Thus, annual transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) alone or as a multimodal screening test following serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has been investigated. Ultrasound lacks sensitivity and specificity; new contrast-enhanced approaches might improve these. When the serum marker is combined with ultrasound and interpreted by a rise in the level rather than by a fixed cut-off, improved sensitivity and specificity and a late but not significant reduction in mortality are observed. Further investigations could highlight the interest of a shorter than annual screening, of a long-term follow-up and new contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques.
Prediction of modes of action of components of traditional medicinal preparations
Authors: Baldo Fatima
Published: October 2019

Traditional medicine preparations are used to treat many ailments in multiple regions across the world. Despite their widespread use, the mode of action of these preparations and their constituents are not fully understood. Traditional methods of elucidating the modes of action of these natural products (NPs) can be expensive and time consuming e. g. biochemical methods, bioactivity guided fractionation, etc. In this review, we discuss some methods for the prediction of the modes of action of traditional medicine preparations, both in mixtures and as isolated NPs. These methods are useful to predict targets of NPs before they are experimentally validated. Case studies of the applications of these methods are also provided herein.
Experimental Study of Non-Premixed Flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Air in Cross-Flow and the Effects of Fuel Properties on Flame Stability
Authors: Muthu Kumaran S. , Raghavan Vasudevan
Published: October 2019

Stability of flames are affected by fuel properties, geometry of the burner and operating conditions. In this experimental work, first the characteristics of non-premixed flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and air in cross-flow configuration, where air jet flows perpendicular to the fuel stream, are studied experimentally. Flame transition and stability regimes of non-premixed flames of LPG and air, in a cross-flow burner without and with obstacles, are determined by systematically varying the fuel and air flow rates. Obstacles such as backward facing step and cylindrical bluff bodies are considered. Subsequently, the effects of fuel properties on the stability of flames are analyzed, Flame stability regimes of natural gas (methane) and biogas (methane and carbon-dioxide), measured from a similar burner are available in literature. These have been compared with the stability of LPG flames in terms of power rating of the burner and global equivalence ratio (defined for non-premixed flames).
A Generalized Multisensor Real-Time Tool Condition–Monitoring Approach Using Deep Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Hassan M. , Sadek A. , Attia M. H.
Published: October 2019

Tool condition monitoring (TCM) is crucial for manufacturing systems to maximize productivity, maintain part quality, and reduce waste and cost. Available TCM systems mainly depend on data-driven classical machine learning methods to analyze different sensors’ feedback signals for tool condition prediction. Despite their applicability for high process variability and part complexity, they require long development lead time and extensive expert efforts for signal feature definition, extraction, and fusion to accurately detect the tool condition. Additionally, they substantially depend on sensors whose nature is intrusive to the cutting process. Therefore, this research presents a generalized, nonintrusive multisignal fusion approach for real-time tool wear detection in milling that redefines process learning directly from raw signals. In this two-stage approach, the signals’ intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are extracted, optimized, and directly fused in a deep long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) for tool condition prediction. The IMF extraction and optimization mask the effect of the cutting conditions to accentuate the tool condition effect. Therefore, it generalizes and minimizes the learning process to cover a wider range of unlearned process parameters. Embedded feature architecting of the LSTM-RNN is applied to the optimized IMFs for signal fusion and tool condition prediction to standardize the learning process and significantly minimize the lead time. Spindle motor current, voltage, and power signals are used to avoid process intrusion. A systematic study is carried out to define the optimum LSTM-RNN architecture. Extensive experimental validation results have demonstrated tool wear detection accuracy >95 % at different ranges of unlearned cutting conditions.
Identifying Parabrachial Neurons Selectively Regulating Satiety for Highly Palatable Food in Mice
Authors: Rodriguez Erica , Ryu David , Zhao Shengli , Han Bao-Xia , Wang Fan
Published: October 2019

Food consumption is necessary for organisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Both extrinsic and intrinsic processes, relayed via intricate neural circuitry, orchestrate the initiation and termination of food intake. More specifically, there are functionally distinct neural circuits that mediate either homeostatic or hedonic suppression of feeding. Notably, being satiated is a positive feeling whereas food aversion is a negative feeling. While significant progress has been made toward elucidating neural circuitry underlying aversive appetite suppression in mice, the circuitry underlying homeostatic satiety is not fully understood. The lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBL) is known as a node that regulates various sensory and visceral processes. Here, we identified and selectively labeled neurons in the caudal lateral region of PBL(PBcl) that are activated by consumption of condensed milk, chocolate Ensure, or peanut butter, which we refer to as PBcl-palatable-food activated neurons (PANs). Specific optogenetic activation of PANs induced positive place preference but decreased the consumption of high-caloric foods such as condensed milk, whereas silencing these cells significantly increased condensed milk consumption in feeding assays. Thus, the PBclPANs revealed here represent a novel neural substrate regulating caloric-sufficiency mediated satiation.
“All is Harmony in that Department”
Authors: Hart Amy
Published: October 2019

Throughout the 1840s, numerous intentional communities based on a cooperative financial model were organized across the United States. Primarily led by social reformers and often based on the writings of French utopian Charles Fourier, these communities acted as a response to social and economic inequity. As part of their challenge to nineteenth-century social conventions, these communities refrained from including any religious test or expectation of religious adherence for members. The result was the development of spaces where new religious movements and diverse religious expressions emerged, sometimes resulting in communal strife. This article argues that diverse religious expressions were cultivated across these communities, if unevenly. The article highlights three case studies in which religious expression proved a central component of communal organization, social harmony, or community discord. These communities include Trumbull Phalanx in Ohio, Northampton Association of Education and Industry in Massachusetts, and Ceresco in Wisconsin.
New Religious Movements in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Willsky-Ciollo Lydia
Published: October 2019

This introduction provides a brief overview of the period known as the “long nineteenth century,” which played host to and helped to shape numerous new religious movements. Highlighting the impact and occasional convergence of various political, social, and religious movements and events in both the United States and globally, this essay seeks to show that the examination of new religious movements in the nineteenth century offers a means of applying scholarship in new religious movements to religions that may be defined as “old,” while simultaneously opening new ways of understanding new religions more broadly. In the process, this overview provides background for the articles included in this special issue of Nova Religio, which explore subjects including religious utopianism; gender, politics, and Pentecostalism; Mormonism and foreign missions; and the relationships of new religious movements to visual art.
Preparation of foaming agents for dust suppression of coal particles
Authors: Ospanova Zh.B. , Toktagul S. , Tasmagambetova A. , Asadov M.
Published: October 2019

The results of the study of foams stabilized by solid coal particles are given. The method of sedimentation analysis determined the most likely radius of coal particles equal to 20.28 microns. Foaming ability was determined by the height of the foam column obtained by the method of bubbling within 1 min. Foam stability was determined by the time of complete destruction of the foam column. Foams stabilized by the compositions of anionic surfactants – sodium dodecyl sulfate (DDSNa) and sulfonol (SF) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the presence of hydrophobic solid particles of coal showed greater foaming capacity and stability compared to foams from individual surfactants. The surface tension isotherms of aqueous solutions of surfactants, PVA, and their mixtures were obtained. An increase in the stability of foams in the presence of coal particles corresponds to a decrease in the surface tension at the liquid-gas interface. The stability of foams obtained from surfactant-PVA compositions is explained by the combined influence of thermodynamic (reduction of surface tension) and structural-mechanical (increase in viscosity of inter-membrane fluid) of stability factors. These properties of foams can be used to suppress dust in coal mining.
Preparation and characterization of thermally crosslinked films based on chitosan and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxasoline)
Authors: Abilova G.K. , Abilkаrіm A.M. , Irmukhametova G.S.
Published: October 2019

Сrosslinked films based on chitosan (СHI) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) were prepared by thermal crosslinking. The optimal synthesis conditions and the composition of the film compositions were determined. The highest yield of the gel fraction was observed for CHI:POZ (80:20) films with a crosslinking time of 4 h at a temperature of 100°С. The main physicochemical properties of films based on pure CHI and CHI:POZ have been studied. The film swelling ability was reduced with the increase of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazolin) content. The formation of crosslinks between N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide and functional amine groups of chitosan was proposed based on IR-spectroscopy data.
Zastosowanie autogenicznych przeszczepów skórnych w pełnym ubytku. Opis przypadku
Authors: Ławnicka Agnieszka , Nowakowski Jakub , Budzyńska Anna , Szymański Karol , Sikorski Jerzy , Słowiński Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

Streszczenie: Autogeniczne przeszczepy skóry są znaną i skuteczną metodą leczenia oparzeń. Znajdują także zastosowanie w leczeniu ran o innej etiologii, podobnie jak w zaprezentowanym w pracy przypadku ubytku powłok brzusznych, który powstał na skutek martwicy skóry w następstwie olbrzymiej, wielokomorowej przepukliny brzusznej. Pacjentka została przyjęta do Oddziału Chirurgii Ogólnej z rozpoznaniem uwięźniętej przepukliny brzusznej, powstałej w wyniku zabiegów operacyjnych z powodu licznych przepuklin brzusznych. W trakcie hospitalizacji kobieta była operowana dziewięciokrotnie. Po drugiej laparotomii doszło do martwicy powłok brzusznych na obszarze 45×24 cm, którą wycięto. U pacjentki stopniowo rozwijał się stan septyczny. Zadecydowano o dalszym leczeniu chorej przy pomocy systemu podciśnieniowego Open Abdominal V.A.C.® Dressing. Kolejne operacje polegały na wymianach systemu do terapii podciśnieniowej. Podczas ostatniego zabiegu, kiedy miejsce biorcze było wystarczająco przygotowane, dokonano autogenicznego przeszczepu skóry pośredniej grubości z uda w celu ostatecznego zamknięcia ubytku powłok brzusznych. Uzyskano wgojenie przeszczepu, a stan septyczny stopniowo ustępował. Można stwierdzić, iż autogeniczne przeszczepy skóry są skuteczną metodą zaopatrywania skomplikowanych ran.
ДЕРРИДА И ДЕЛЕЗ:
Authors: Azarova Yuliya Olegovna
Published: October 2019

Исследуя идею «исторического повторения» в философских проектах Ж. Деррида и Ж. Делеза, автор находит множество аналогий. Во-первых, оба мыслителя солидарны в том, что различные способы концептуализации повторения определяют наше видение историчности; во-вторых, оба позиционируют повторение как условие возможности и, одновременно, условие невозможности любой политической формы правления; в-третьих, оба считают, что истинно эпохальное событие (например, революция) происходит лишь тогда, когда «время срывается с петель», разрушая «одномерную» структуру темпоральности; в-четвертых, оба рассматривают революцию как механизм автореференциальных действий, с помощью которых она учреждает сама себя, – т. е. учреждает без какого бы то ни было основания, кроме своего прямого осуществления; в-пятых, оба полагают, что революция есть особое историческое событие, которое допускает бесконечную интерпретацию.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ РОЗМЕЖУВАННЯ В СЛОВАЦЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ:
Authors: Klyuchkovich AnatolIy YurIyovich
Published: October 2019

Проаналізовано соціально-політичні розмежування як чинник партійно-політичного розвитку в Словаччині. Простежено аналогійну відповідність класичних соціально-політичних розмежувань словацькому соціально-структурному контексту. Виокремлено нестандартні конфліктні лінії, які ситуативно та кон’юнктурно загострювалися в умовах переходу Словаччини до демократії. Падіння комуністичного режиму та плюралізація суспільно-політичного життя на поч. 1990-х рр. зумовила інституціоналізацію численних соціально-політичних розмежувань. Консолідація демократичного політичного режиму сприяла послабленню суспільно-політичної напруги в Словаччині й актуалізувала стандартні суперечності в соціально-економічній, етнічній, ліберально-консервативній площинах.
О началах древнегреческой философии:
Authors: Snitko D. Y.
Published: October 2019

Статья представляет собой попытку осмысления концепции природы, представленной в творчестве Пьера Адо. Основное внимание уделено раскрытию сущности двух основных начал в европейской культуре – «прометеевского» и «орфеевского». Данные начала противостоят у Адо как научно-техническое и созерцательно-эстетическое понимание природы. Методология. Для раскрытия особенностей понимания данной проблемы Пьером Адо используется компаративный метод и концепция французского мыслителя сопоставляется с ницшеанской концепцией о наличии «дионисийского» и «аполлонического» начал в культуре Античности. В результате исследования показано, что осмысление оснований античной культуры у Ф. Ницше и П. Адо исходит из единого представления о противостоянии в культуре эстетического и рационального начал и доминировании в последующей европейской культуре именно рационалистической традиции. Оба мыслителя считают такой подход противоположным самой сущности природы. Но, в то же время, принципиальным моментом, в котором Ницше и Адо расходятся, является общая оценка человеческого разума. Ницше – радикально негативно настроен к разумности, в то время как Пьер Адо именно созерцательную рациональность считает одной из адекватных форм человеческого отношения к природе.
Концепция Эпикура в свете вызовов современной науки
Authors: Fidrovska М.
Published: October 2019

Человеку всегда сопутствует его память и забвение. Но никогда не поздно вспомнить, кем же человек является на самом деле. А именно человеком чувствующим, человеком живым. Парадигма науки, которая пошла за атомизмом Демокрита, продолжает собирать и разбирать мир. Мы сделали то же с человеком, но забыли, кем он и мы сами являемся. Поэтому мы предлагаем обратиться к философии Эпикура, чтобы вспомнить, кто мы на самом деле. Именно Эпикур с эмпатией отнесся к человеку и предложил свою концепцию, в которой отправными точками стали категории приятного и неприятного. Именно они являются, по Эпикуру, главными в постижении человека и выстраиванию его счастливой жизни.
"Культура модерна":
Authors: Vershyna V. A.
Published: October 2019

Рассматривается концепт «культура модерна» и уточняется его содержание. В отношении концепта «культура модерна» общепризнанным считается ряд альтернативных подходов. Автору представляется более правомерным не противопоставление смыслов, а различение основных аспектов употребления, определяемых контекстом дискурса. Во-первых, понимание модерна как понятия с широким содержанием, которое охватывает несколько столетий культурного развития западноевропейского региона, пришедших на смену Средневековью, и получившее общее обозначение «современности», или Нового времени. Во-вторых, интерпретация модерна как особого этапа внутри самой «современности», а именно временного промежутка, охватывающего конец ХIХ-середину ХХ вв. Для отграничения концептуальных детерминант указанного периода от нововременной парадигмы в целом предлагается использовать уточняющий концепт «модерн в модерне». Несмотря на сложность социально-культурных трансформаций данного исторического этапа, разнородность и амбивалентность идей, задач и направлений, «модерн в модерне» представляет собой относительно целостное явление, специфическое культурное пространство-время, центрированное едиными логическими и смысловыми связями и определившее духовный облик эпохи. Его социально-историческая сущность заключается в репрезентации решительных мировоззренческих изменений и культурных конфликтов, отрицания и протеста против «современной культуры» (просветительского «проекта модерна»), в определенном смысле решительный разрыв с нею. Специфицирующим признаком «модерна в модерне» выступает ярко выраженный эстетический аспект: обусловленность, осмысленность и преломленность модернистским искусством и философией.
Політична роль профспілок в системі антиглобалістського руху
Authors: Shulika А. А.
Published: October 2019

В статті розглядаються особливості участі профспілок в антиглобалізаційних рухах. Наголошується, що консолідація антиглоалістських рухів відбувалася навколо ідейної платформи узагальненої критики ліберальної форми глобалізації. Вона йшла паралельно і відразу за багатьма напрямками, які згодом лягли в основу типологізації суб’єктів громадянського антиглобалізму. Тут в першу чергу мова йде про селянські, правозахисні, профспілкові, етнічні, суспільно-політичні, екологічні, молодіжні та феміністські неурядові об’єднання, чиє зближення було цілком природним і почалося задовго до появи самої доктрини антиглобалізму і навіть до виникнення поняття «глобалізація». Тому участь профспілок в антиглобалістських рухах було початком якісно нового етапу об’єднання різних соціальних сил на базі протидії негативним аспектам неоліберальної глобалізації.
СЕНС ЩАСТЯ В СУЧАСНИХ КОНТЕКСТАХ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО І СУСПІЛЬНОГО БУТТЯ
Authors: Afanasieva Liudmyla V. , Оleksenko Roman І.
Published: October 2019

Актуальність дослідження полягає в тому, що згідно зі своїм повсякденним розумінням щастя, люди вибудовують і свою життєву стратегію, бо саме щастя – це такий феномен особистісного і суспільного життя, в якому як у фокусі віддзеркалюється все різноманіття їх потреб і прагнень. Тому, на наш погляд, питання щастя – це не просто питання про те, як бути щасливим, а про те, в чому саме полягає щасливе життя і до чого людині слід прагнути насамперед. Отже, актуальність обраної проблеми визначається суспільним запитом на розуміння шляху до віднайдення продуктивного балансу між природним бажанням кожної людини бути щасливою та необхідністю вирішення багатьох існуючих суб’єктивних і об’єктивних протиріч на цьому шляху. Багатогранність і багатовимірність феномену щастя вказує на потребу системного аналізу, який дає можливість узагальнити вже напрацьовані науковою думкою основні положення концепції щастя, а також розглянути це явище в контексті багатьох проявів людського буття на рівні суспільної й особистісної свідомості сучасної людини.
Особистість та спілкування в теології Христоса Яннараса
Authors: Ishchuk Natalya V.
Published: October 2019

В статті здійснюється аналітика теоантропологічних аспектів спілкування в концепції сучасного грецького богослова Хр. Яннараса з позицій співвідношення «особистість-спільнота». Обґрунтовується інтерсуб’єктивний характер запропонованої ним моделі спілкування та відносин у християнській громаді, а також спроможність цієї моделі бути носіями «справжньої» соціальності за рахунок безпосередніх соціальних зв’язків.
Логика и реальность
Authors: Pavlenko Igor V.
Published: October 2019

Анализируется соотношение логики и реальности, языка и внелингвистических контекстов в рамках теории идиолингвизма и умеренного релятивизма. Исследуется проблематика противоречия в логике и языке в его отношении к действительности и к ментальным состояниям языкового субъекта. Проблема достоверности рассматривается в русле теории языковых игр Л. Витгенштейна и его представления о значении слова как способе его употребления. Критический анализ данной теории включает в себя рассмотрение противоречия в качестве необходимого условия использования языка.
Diseño de cebadores específicos para la detección por RT-PCR del Potato Virus Y (PVY)
Authors: Sierra Mejía Andrea , Gallo García Yuliana Marcela , Gutiérrez Sánchez Pablo Andrés , Marín Montoya Mauricio Alejandro
Published: October 2019

El Potato virus Y (PVY) es uno de los virus más limitantes para la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum y S. phureja) en el mundo. Este virus es transmitido por tubérculo-semilla de papa y por diferentes especies de áfidos. Para su manejo es fundamental la siembra de tubérculos certificados por su sanidad viral, para lo que se requieren metodologías de detección altamente sensibles como ELISA y RT-PCR. Para éstas últimas pruebas, es necesario disponer de cebadores específicos que permitan el diagnóstico del virus en tejidos asintomáticos. En este estudio se reportan los cebadores PVY_Col para la detección del PVY en RT-PCR convencional y en tiempo real (RT-qPCR). Estos cebadores fueron diseñados con base en las secuencias de este virus que se han reportado en Colombia sobre diferentes hospedantes, así como de las diferentes variantes encontradas en el mundo. Una particularidad adicional de estos cebadores es que no presentan reacción cruzada con el genoma del Potato virus V (PVV), otro potyvirus que recientemente se ha encontrado afectando cultivos de papa en Colombia. Se espera que los cebadores PVY_Col sean utilizados para apoyar los programas de certificación de material de siembra de papa, así como para adelantar estudios epidemiológicos y de manejo fitosanitario de este virus.
Next generation sequencing and proteomics in plant virology: how is Colombia doing?
Authors: Madroñero Johana , Corredor Rozo Zayda Lorena , Escobar Pérez Javier Antonio , Velandia Romero Myriam Lucia
Published: October 2019

Crop production and trade are two of the most economically important activities in Colombia, and viral diseases cause a high negative impact to agricultural sector. Therefore, the detection, diagnosis, control, and management of viral diseases are crucial. Currently, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and ‘Omic’ technologies constitute a right-hand tool for the discovery of novel viruses and for studying virus-plant interactions. This knowledge allows the development of new viral diagnostic methods and the discovery of key components of infectious processes, which could be used to generate plants resistant to viral infections. Globally, crop sciences are advancing in this direction. In this review, advancements in ‘omic’ technologies and their different applications in plant virology in Colombia are discussed. In addition, bioinformatics pipelines and resources for omics data analyses are presented. Due to their decreasing prices, NGS technologies are becoming an affordable and promising means to explore many phytopathologies affecting a wide variety of Colombian crops so as to improve their trade potential.
Trabalho profissional do/a Assistente Social: estratégias de resistência em tempos de regressão de direito
Authors: Prates Jane Cruz
Published: October 2019

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Integrated Method of Smartline Approach And CVI (Coastal Vulnerability Index) In Assessing Pangandaran West Coast Vulnerability
Authors: Dhiauddin Ruzana , Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Ondara Koko , Wisha Uung Jantama , Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Kusumah Gunardi
Published: October 2019

Pangandaran West Coast is the famous tourism site besides many tourisms offer in Pangandaran Regency. These white sand beaches provide beautiful sightseeing, water sports, tourism facilities, culinary and many other interesting things. In contrary, there were many erosion evidences found and building damage during the field research, in this area that may harm the nature its self and the population as well. The aim of this research is to map the coastal vulnerability in Pangandaran West Coast by integrating Smartline Mapping approach and CVI (Coastal Vulnerability Index). Thus, we map vulnerability parameters in two directions, along and cross the coastline, that consist of 10 parameters such as beach material, wave exposure, hinterland relief, berm feature, grain size, berm height, beach face feature, significant wave height, coastline changes, and residential area density. Finally, after the mapped parameters were scored and calculated using CVI formula, the result showed that vulnerability index in Pangandaran West Cost ranged from 16.43 to 129.9 which divided into 5 vulnerability classes; 1) Very low, 2) Low, 3) Moderate, 4) High, and 5) Very High.
The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?
Authors: Lucas John (Luke)
Published: October 2019

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.
A Review on the Importance of Developing Evidence-Based Curriculum to Revitalize Leather Based Training
Authors: Mwinyihija Mwinyikione
Published: October 2019

The review paper attempts to focus on the circumstances the leather sector is experiencing in aspects of declining skilled workforce, apathy on enrolling numbers of students and diverted focus of higher education institutions to conduct other courses and non-leather based research themes. In the process, four summarised thematic issues based on the problem reflected upon and critical questions identified. The review subsequently identified that our approach to training and set up of programmes in HE lacks  Evidence-Based Curriculum and this has preambles the issues experienced in the various value chain stratums’ at national, regional and global level and impacts. Therefore, the review study evaluates what type of assumptions, theories and methodologies could assist in revitalising the leather sector training goals and incentivise learning and teaching in HE institutions globally. Africa Leather and Leather Products Institute (ALLPI) studies the Africa scenario with the learnt experience therein reflecting and providing replicable recommendations for a global platform. However, the study is a ‘tip of the iceberg’ that intends to stimulate discussion in a situation that is worsening and negatively impacting the leather sector worldwide. Conspicuously, constraining factors requiring further research is the need to determine if resolving challenges associated with evidence related to curriculum development, would positively impact on adequacy of professional skilled capacity, improve enrollment rates at HE and tertiary  and deter apathetic aspects of various institutions on Rand D. Indeed, as a positive gesture in Africa is that many countries have established policies that identify leather as a priority sector and depicts this study relevant is sustaining the intended progress for the national, regional and global leather value chain. Thusly, in Africa, in particular, the support for successful implementation of evidence-based curricula would lead to specialised skills development that assists the continent to transform its set goals in the realms of highly specialised education and preparedness to globalisation.
Horse Ammunition. From the History of a Saddle
Authors: Lukyashko Sergey
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Horse ammunition was formed historically on a large geographical area. The most important component of it is a saddle. The ancient history of a saddle is not sufficiently investigated. It should be safely assumed that the oldest forms of seats appear together with the use of a horse for riding. We can confidently say that the appearance of the horsemen of the Cimmerians and Scythians in Western Asia in 8th – 7th centuries BC would not have been possible if there had been no such devices. There is a deep belief that horse riding in Western Asia arose under the Cimmerian-Scythian influence.

Methods and materials. The presence of images of horsemen and archaeological material allow us to revisit the issue. Even on the Nimrodical relief we can trace the saddle blanket provided with breeching strap and the girth. This primitive form of soft saddle can be seen on Assyrian reliefs, where it is complemented by a breast collar.

Analysis. The well-preserved saddle of the Pazyryk burial mounds, shows that in the 5th century BC a saddle becomes more complicated, paired pillows and hardwood arcs fastening pillows appear. This type of a saddle in the Asian part of the nomadic world survives until the 3rd century BC and is represented in the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang. In the West, in the Scythian world, a simple coating with mounting straps exists in the 4th century BC, probably in the late 4th century BC, a wooden base – lence and pommels – appears in the Scythian saddle.

Results. The archaeological material clearly indicates that a saddle was formed within the culture of Eurasian nomads in the 1st millennium BC, a rigid saddle appeared in the Scythian culture in the late 4th century BC.
Historical Episodes of the Repatriation of Former Citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the Volga Region and Siberia in the 1920s
Authors: Dulatov Berik
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The subject of this study is the organization of the repatriation process of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German armies from the regions of Siberia and the Volga region.

Methods and materials. The methodological basis of this work consists of such basic principles of scientific and historical knowledge as objectivity and historicism, systematic and specific presentation of the material, as well as the value approach used in scientific research. The historical sources are theoretical scientific works of European and Russian scientists concerning various aspects of the history of prisoners of war in Russia.

Analysis. The author explores the issues related to the return to the historical homeland mainly of the Czechs and Slovaks, however, due to the peculiarities of the archival documents that have been preserved, there is information about Austrians, Germans, Hungarians and representatives of other nationalities. The author establishes some personal data of citizens of foreign countries who lived in the territory of Tsaritsyn and Tobolsk provinces in the early 1920s, who had the desire to go to their historic homeland. In addition, on the basis of circulars and orders of the relevant authorities (Plenbezh, evacuation services), the author analyzes how the process of sending home Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, etc. was organized. In addition, there is information about how the process of registration of foreign subjects of the near and far abroad took place. The author makes an attempt to provide informative data on the life and activities of former citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, their ethnicity, family status, professional employment, circumstances of arrival in Russia, previous residence at home and the actual address of residence in the region.

Results. The process of repatriation of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German empires was delayed until 1924. It should also be noted that a certain percentage of these citizens remained in the new Soviet state. The difficulty in the process of returning to their historic homeland was the general confusion caused by the war and the change of the government, poor registration of prisoners of war, as well as the interest of state bodies in using this category of people as labor force in country’s industrial and agricultural enterprises.