bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PPIE in a technical research study: Using public involvement to refine the concept and understanding and move towards a multidimensional concept of disability
Authors: Lammons William , Nobility Lucky , Markham Sarah , Saloniki Eirini‐Christina
Published: May 2024

Background

Disability is often an essentialised and oversimplified concept. We propose refining this while incorporating the multidimensional nature of disability by increasing the use of existing survey questions and their corresponding data to enrich, broaden and inform understandings of disability.

Methods

We combined patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) with focus groups and concept mapping to collaboratively map disability survey questions into conceptual models of disability with six members of the public with lived experiences of disability.

Results

Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three qualitative themes and eight subthemes through a series of four PPIE activities: (1) understanding concepts of disability based on individual experience, subthemes: 1.1—preference for the biopsychosocial model, 1.2—‘Reviewing’ instead of mapping survey questions and 1.3—comparing questions to real life; (2) consistency between understanding needs and implementing adjustments, subthemes: 2.1—connecting preparation and operation, 2.2—inclusivity and adjustments in activities and 2.3—feedback for improving activities and (3) real‐world applications—targeted awareness raising, subthemes: 3.1—who, where, what and how to share activity findings and results, 3.2—sharing with human resource and equality, diversity and inclusion professionals.

Conclusion

Members of the public who collaborated in these activities felt empowered, engaged and supported throughout this study. This approach offers a model for other researchers to cede power to the public over the research aspects typically reserved for researchers.

Patient or Public Contribution

We involved members of the public with lived experience throughout this study—co‐design, co‐facilitation, collaboratively mapping the disability or disability‐related survey questions into conceptual models of disability, evaluation of the activities, co‐analysis and co‐authorship.
Mpox in people with HIV: A narrative review
Authors: Nakamura Hideta , Yamamoto Kazuko
Published: May 2024

Objective

The 2022 global mpox outbreak disproportionately impacted people living with HIV. This review explores recent evidence on mpox in this group, focusing on clinical presentation, complications, treatment modalities and vaccine strategies.

Recent findings

Recent studies have suggested that people with HIV diagnosed with mpox have a greater risk of proctitis and hospitalization compared with people without HIV. In addition, those with advanced immunosuppression face an elevated risk of severe mpox infection, which can lead to mortality. Comprehensive and prompt supportive care using antiretrovirals and mpox antivirals is crucial in this group. Although results from randomized clinical trials are still forthcoming, recent studies suggest that early initiation of tecovirimat can prevent disease progression in people with HIV. The non‐replicative attenuated smallpox vaccine is well tolerated and effective in preventing monkeypox virus infections in people with HIV. Further studies are needed regarding long‐term vaccine effectiveness for this population.

Conclusion

Evaluating the risk of severe mpox in people living with HIV requires assessing the level of immune suppression and viral control. Universal access to vaccination is imperative to prevent the resurgence of future outbreaks.
Dry grasslands in urban areas can harbour arthropod species of local conservation concern and should be prioritised for biodiversity‐friendly mowing regimes
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Höfer Hubert , Schirmel Jens
Published: May 2024

Although urbanisation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, its effect on particular invertebrate groups remains ambiguous on local and landscape scales.

We aimed to analyse the effect of urban grassland management on spiders (Araneae) and carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae), as well as other local and landscape parameters. We investigated 27 grasslands of two different management intensities (‘extensive’: one to two late cuts with removal of biomass [n = 18]; ‘intensive’: three to five mulching cuts [n = 9]) in the city of Karlsruhe, Germany. Pitfall trapping and sweep netting were performed to sample carabids and spiders.

Results indicate that urban grasslands in Karlsruhe are inhabited by species‐rich assemblages, including several species of conservation concern (cc). Latter remain mostly restricted to dry grassland. The number of total specimens and of those belonging to species of cc were negatively affected by intensive management. The number of specimens of species of cc further decreased with increasing humidity and in spiders, additionally, by vegetation height. Landscape factors had limited effects, and only isolation of meadows negatively influenced the species richness of carabids (total and of species of cc).

Our results demonstrate that conservation of dry grasslands in urban areas is crucial for sustaining local arthropod communities. Dry urban grassland may also act as a refugium for species of cc and mitigate the global insect crisis on a local and regional scale. In conclusion, biodiversity‐friendly mowing regimes should be applied on a broader scale in urban areas and target especially dry grassland plots. In addition, increasing connectivity and permeability of the urban matrix assist the colonisation by species of cc.
Casein hydrolysates produced via sequential enzymatic hydrolysis: characterisation and their effect on calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cell line
Authors: Chew Lye Yee , Toh Gaik Theng , Ismail Amin , Shafie Nurul Husna , Daud Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat
Published: May 2024

While dietary components such as phytate reduce calcium absorption, bioactive peptides could potentially enhance calcium absorption. This study aimed to characterise the peptides derived from casein and assess their effect on calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cells. Casein was subjected to hydrolysis by Alcalase and Flavourzyme to produce 4‐h and 16‐h casein hydrolysates. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that hydrolysis caused significant increases and decreases in the content of some amino acids. Casein hydrolysates achieved 40.36% and 52.64% degree of hydrolysis, as determined by the o‐phthaldialdehyde method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the peptides had molecular weight less than 15 kDa and diameter between 100 and 1000 nm. The 4‐h casein hydrolysate enhanced calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cells monolayer at low calcium intake, possibly via transcellular absorption. These results provide insight into the nutraceutical potential of casein hydrolysates as enhancer of calcium absorption.
RoboCA3T: A Robot‐Inspired Computer‐Assisted adaptive autism therapy for improving joint attention and imitation skills through learning and computing innovations
Authors: Zahid Zunera , Ali Sara , Shariq Shehriyar , Ayaz Yasar , Naseer Noman , Yaseen Irum
Published: May 2024

Background

This study presents a Robot‐Inspired Computer‐Assisted Adaptive Autism Therapy (RoboCA3T) focusing on improving joint attention and imitation skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By harnessing the inherent affinity of children with ASD for robots and technology, RoboCA3T offers a therapeutic environment designed to maximise engagement and facilitate effective skill development. It harnesses the advantages of Robot‐Assisted Therapies (RATs) by employing robot avatars and integrating them with Computer‐Assisted Therapies (CATs) within a web‐based solution. The integration of automatic gaze and pose detection algorithms within RoboCA3T addresses the challenge posed by potential human error and observation bias in assessing the child's progress, thereby ensuring accurate results. This research responds to the need for more effective, technology driven therapies for autism, filling gaps in existing methods.

Objectives

The primary goal of this research is to create a robot inspired computer assisted adaptive autism therapy that maximises engagement and enhances joint attention and imitation skills.

Methods

The study involves 11 ASD children with 30 sessions (divided into two halves) per module over eight months, comprising 660 experimental trials, 110 familiarizations, and 110 follow‐up sessions. The joint attention module evaluates the subject's gaze pattern using WebGazer for gaze detection in response to four least‐to‐most robot‐generated cues. The imitation module utilises robot‐generated pose for comparing subjects' imitated actions using Tensorflow Lite for pose estimation.

Results and Conclusions

The effectiveness of therapy was substantiated by comparing Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores before and after intervention. Significant improvements were noted between the first and second therapy halves, validated by Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (p < 0.01) and spearman's correlation analysis, reinforcing the observed improvements in joint attention and imitation skills.
A novel colorectal cancer screening framework with feature interpretability to identify high‐risk populations for colonoscopy
Authors: Li Mingshan , Gong Yangming , Pang Yi , Wu Mengyin , Gu Kai , Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Yi
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

Risk assessment is of paramount importance for the detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. We developed and validated a feature interpretability screening framework to identify high‐risk populations and recommend colonoscopy for them.

Methods

We utilized a training cohort consisting of 1 252 605 participants who underwent colonoscopies in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015 to develop the screening framework. We incorporated Shapley additive explanation values into feature selection to provide interpretability for the framework. Two sampling methods were separately employed to mitigate potential model bias caused by class imbalance. Furthermore, we employed various machine learning algorithms to construct risk assessment models and compared their performance. We tested the screening models on an external validation cohort of 359 462 samples and conducted comprehensive evaluation and statistical analysis of the validation results.

Results

The external validation results demonstrated that the models in the proposed framework achieved sensitivity over 0.734, specificity over 0.790, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.808 to 0.859. In the predictions of the best‐performing model, the prevalence rates of colorectal cancer were 0.059% and 1.056% in the low‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively. If colonoscopies were performed only on the high‐risk group predicted by the model, only 14.36% of total colonoscopies would be needed to detect 74.86% of colorectal cancer cases.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a novel framework to identify populations at high risk for colorectal cancer. Those classified as high risk should undergo colonoscopy for further diagnosis.
Rational modification of melatonin for broad‐spectrum antifungal agents discovery
Authors: Cai Huanyu , Li Renjian , Chen Yu , Bi Ruiqing , Fang Xueru , Wu Peng , Xu Weilong , Bao Longzhu , Liu Zhu , Li Jun , Li Guotian , Teng Huailong
Published: May 2024

Natural products, known for their environmental safety, are regarded as a significant basis for the modification and advancement of fungicides. Melatonin, as a low‐cost natural indole, exhibits diverse biological functions, including antifungal activity. However, its potential as an antifungal agent has not been fully explored. In this study, a series of melatonin derivatives targeting the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Mps1) protein of fungal pathogens were synthesized based on properties of melatonin, among which the trifluoromethyl‐substituted derivative Mt‐23 exhibited antifungal activity against seven plant pathogenic fungi, and effectively reduced the severity of crop diseases, including rice blast, Fusarium head blight of wheat and gray mold of tomato. In particular, its EC50 (5.4 µM) against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is only one‐fourth that of isoprothiolane (22 µM), a commercial fungicide. Comparative analyzes revealed that Mt‐23 simultaneously targets the conserved protein kinase Mps1 and lipid protein Cap20. Surface plasmon resonance assays showed that Mt‐23 directly binds to Mps1 and Cap20. In this study, we provide a strategy for developing antifungal agents by modifying melatonin, and the resultant melatonin derivative Mt‐23 is a commercially valuable, eco‐friendly and broad‐spectrum antifungal agent to combat crop disease.
Next generation sequencing improves the resolution of detecting mixed host blood meal sources in field collected arboviral mosquito vectors
Authors: Tchouassi David P. , Kisero Robinson O. , Rotich Gilbert , Dunlap Christopher , Torto Baldwyn , Muturi Ephantus J.
Published: May 2024

Accurate knowledge of blood meal hosts of different mosquito species is critical for identifying potential vectors and establishing the risk of pathogen transmission. We compared the performance of Miseq next generation sequencing approach relative to conventional Sanger sequencing approach in identification of mosquito blood meals using genetic markers targeting the 12S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes. We analysed the blood meals of three mosquito vector species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes simpsoni s.l. and Culex pipiens s.l.) collected outdoors, and compared the frequency of single‐ versus multiple‐blood feeding. Single host blood meals were mostly recovered for Sanger‐based sequencing of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, whereas Miseq sequencing employing this marker and the COI marker detected both single and multiple blood meal hosts in individual mosquitoes. Multiple blood meals (two or more hosts) which mostly included humans were detected in 19%–22.7% of Ae. aegypti samples. Most single host blood meals for this mosquito species were from humans (47.7%–57.1%) and dogs (9.1%–19.0%), with livestock, reptile and rodent hosts collectively accounting for 4.7%–28.9% of single host blood meals. The frequency of two or more host blood meals in Ae. simpsoni s.l. was 26.3%–45.5% mostly including humans, while single host blood meals were predominantly from humans (31.8%–47.4%) with representation of rodent, reptile and livestock blood meals (18.2%–68.2%). Single host blood meals from Cx. pipiens s.l. were mostly from humans (27.0%–39.4%) and cows (11.5%–27.36%). Multiple blood meal hosts that mostly included humans occurred in 21.2%–24.4% of Cx. pipiens s.l. samples. Estimated human blood indices ranged from 53%–76% for Ae. aegypti, 32%–82% for Ae. simpsoni s.l. and 26%–61% for Cx. pipiens s.l. and were consistently lower for Sanger‐based sequencing approach compared to Miseq‐based sequencing approach. These findings demonstrate that Miseq sequencing approach is superior to Sanger sequencing approach as it can reliably identify mixed host blood meals in a single mosquito, improving our ability to understand the transmission dynamics of mosquito‐borne pathogens.
Changes in planta K nutrient content altered the interaction pattern between Nicotiana benthamiana and Alternaria longipes
Authors: Du Youwei , Liu Guangli , Jia Hongchen , Liu Yi , Tan Ying , Wang Shuanghong , Mu Junxiang , Yu Jingbo , Xue Ke , Zhang Rong , Gleason Mark L. , Liang Xiaofei , Sun Guangyu
Published: May 2024

Potassium (K) fertilisation has frequently been shown to enhance plant resistance against pathogens, though the mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the interaction dynamics between Nicotiana benthamiana and the pathogen Alternaria longipes under different planta K levels. On the host side, adding K activated the expressions of three NLR (nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing proteins) resistance genes, including NbRPM1, NbR1B23 and NbNBS12. Silencing these NLRs attenuated resistance in high‐K (HK, 40.8 g/kg) plant, whereas their overexpression strengthened resistance in low‐K (LK, 23.9 g/kg) plant. Typically, these NLRs mainly strengthened plant resistance via promoting the expression of pathogenesis‐related genes (PRs), ROS burst and synthesis of antifungal metabolites in HK plant. On the pathogen side, the expression of effectors HKCSP1, HKCSP2 and LKCSP were shown to be related to planta K content. A. longipes mainly expressed effectors HKCSP1 and HKCSP2 in HK plant to interfere host resistance. HKCSP1 physically interacted with NbRPM1 to promote the degradation of NbRPM1, then attenuated related resistance in HK N. benthamiana. Meanwhile, HKCSP2 directly interacted with NbPR5 to suppress resistance in HK plant. In LK plant, A. longipes mainly deployed LKCSP that interacted with NbR1B23 to interfere reduce resistance in N. benthamiana. Overall, our research insights that both pathogen and host mobilise distinct strategies to outcompete each other during interactions in different K nutrient environments.
High percentage of midpiece defects in Brangus bull sperm with no reduction in sperm kinematics
Authors: Maggi Gabriel , Silveira Diego , Vieira Marcelo Brandi , da Silva Ingrid Gracielle Martins , Barros‐Cordeiro Karine Brenda , Severo Neimar Correa , Báo Sônia Nair , Mondadori Rafael Gianella
Published: May 2024

The study investigated midpiece defects in sperm from a 5‐year‐old Brangus bull with a high rate of semen batch rejection, due to morphologically abnormal sperm, with no reduction in sperm kinematics. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted over a 16‐month period, involving 28 ejaculates. Notably, despite the high proportion of midpiece defects (average 37.73%, from 3% to 58%), the study revealed stable sperm production, with no discernible differences in the kinematic data before and after cryopreservation. Electron microscopy identified discontinuities in the mitochondrial sheath, characteristic of midpiece aplasia (MPA). The anomalies were attributed to be of genetic origin, as other predisposing factors were absent. Additionally, the electron microscopy unveiled plasma membrane defects, vacuoles and chromatin decondensation, consistent with previous findings linking acrosome abnormalities with midpiece defects. The findings underscored the necessity of conducting thorough laboratory evaluations before releasing cryopreserved semen for commercialization. Despite substantial morphological alterations, the initial semen evaluation data indicated acceptable levels of sperm kinematics, emphasizing the resilience of sperm production to severe morphological changes. This case report serves as a contribution to the understanding of midpiece defects in bull sperm, emphasizing the need for meticulous evaluation and quality control in semen processing and commercialization.
Oral health status of institutionalized older adults receiving domiciliary dental care: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Allenspach Philipp , Srinivasan Murali
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the oral health of care‐dependent institutionalized older adults receiving domiciliary dental care.

Methods and Results

Dental health records of institutionalized adults receiving regular domiciliary dental care were examined (observation period: 5 years). Relevant demographic and oral health information were extracted. Statistical analyses included descriptive and non‐parametric tests (α = .05). Records of 398 nursing home residents (mean‐age: 84.9 ± 6.4 years) were included. Average time spent by the residents in the institution was 2.8 ± 1.5 years. The mean number of teeth present and the overall DMF‐T score was 14.7 ± 9.1 and 27.4 ± 6.2, respectively. The DMF‐T score increased until the 3‐year recall, with a significant increase in the number of decayed teeth (2‐year: p = .013; 3‐year: p = .010). An improvement in the residents’ periodontal health was seen during the observation period but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The findings of this cross‐sectional study confirmed that regular domiciliary dental care provision to institutionalized older adults helps maintain gingival and periodontal health. However, the incidence of dental caries might still be a problem that needs to be addressed with effective measures that improve the daily oral care provision to these older adults.
Can local and global geopolitical risk predict governments' military spending behaviour? International evidence
Authors: Tran Minh Phuoc‐Bao , Vo Duc Hong
Published: May 2024

Geopolitical risk, encompassing wars, terrorism, and tensions between states, exerts a significant impact on global affairs. Previous studies have examined the relationship between geopolitical risk and military spending. However, these studies were limited by certain shortcomings in the measurement tools used to assess geopolitical risk. The introduction of a new geopolitical risk index, leveraging textual analysis technology, offers a way to overcome some of these limitations. Despite this advancement, research exploring the predictive capacity of this geopolitical risk index on military spending behaviour remains scarce. Specifically, no previous studies have investigated the predictive power of both local and global geopolitical risk indices on military spending behaviour. To bridge this gap, this study employs panel VAR analysis for 34 countries worldwide, spanning from 1993 to 2022. The results indicate that the military spending behaviour of countries is significantly influenced by local geopolitical risk rather than global geopolitical risk. Furthermore, the findings also reveal that an increase in geopolitical risk during a given year can predict military spending behaviour in the subsequent 2 years. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to understand governments' behaviour regarding military spending.
Research hotspots in urticaria: A bibliometric study of the top 100 most cited articles
Authors: Fu Tingting , Wu Yuhong , Wang Ruoxin , Liu Rongqi , Wen Tao , Long Huaqing , Yu Hongyin , Leng Mengyin
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

Urticaria is a prevalent recurrent skin allergic condition. Severe itching significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This paper aims to investigate the development status of urticaria through bibliometric analysis to predict future research hotspots and trends.

Methods

On October 29, 2023, a literature search was conducted in the Web of Science (WOS) database to collect urticaria‐related publications. The top 100 most cited articles were charted, and VOSviewer software was utilized for the literature data analysis. A visual analysis was performed on the number of articles, journals, main researchers, keywords, and so on.

Results

The research involved 415 authors from 28 countries, published across 25 journals, ranging from 1963 to 2023. Marcus Maurer was the leading author, with the United States being the foremost country in urticaria research. CEH Grattan received the most citations, and The Medical University of South Carolina had the highest number of publications. Key research focuses include epidemiology, pathogenesis, drug therapy, and quality of life assessments. “Anti‐high affinity IgE receptor α chain (FcεRIα),” “chronic idiopathic urticaria,” “autoantibodies,” “histamine‐release” emerged as the keywords with the highest prominence.

Conclusion

The field of urticaria research has attracted substantial attention over the past few decades, witnessing rapid development. This study highlighted the top 100 articles by citation frequency within the urticaria field. Bibliometric analysis revealed a shift in treatment methods from traditional antihistamines to biological agents, with significant emphasis on improving the quality of life in chronic urticaria management. These areas represent the current research focal points and indicate future trends in urticaria research.
Characterisation of the novel HLA‐C*08:275 allele, first identified in a Brazilian individual
Authors: Secco Danielle , Lopes Giovanna , Andrade Gabriela , Vianna Romulo , Porto Luís Cristóvão
Published: May 2024

The novel HLA‐C*08:275 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.
Constructing topology‐constrained distance cartograms with application on spatial interaction data
Authors: Cheng Tianyou , Guo Hao , Chen Xiao‐Jian , Dong Quanhua , Kang Chaogui , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

A distance cartogram is a deformed map where the distance between points conforms to a specific proximity indicator. Its readability is crucial, requiring a similar spatial arrangement of points between the original map and cartogram. Previous studies mainly incorporated angle changes of point pairs into the optimization objective. However, this soft constraint fails to provide high readability for spatial interaction data with numerous points and links. This study emphasizes the significance of maintaining Delaunay triangulation during deformation. To achieve this, topology‐constrained particle swarm optimization (TC‐PSO) is proposed, in which triangle intersections and flipping are prevented during optimization. Additionally, a topology error is introduced to evaluate the difference in triangulation between the original and deformed maps. TC‐PSO outperforms previous approaches by exhibiting the smallest topology error and producing more readable cartograms in simulation experiments and Baidu index data. These show TC‐PSO's advantage as a cartographic tool.
Effects of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and xylazine on intraocular pressure in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)
Authors: Lim Jaegook , Seo Kangmoon
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and xylazine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica).

Animals Studied

Eight 12‐month‐old pigeons (16 eyes).

Procedures

The pigeons were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (10 mg/kg of alfaxalone, 0.2 mg/kg of medetomidine, or 10 mg/kg of xylazine) with a 7‐day washout period. The IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer and calibrated using the formula y = 0.439x + 2.059, where y is the tonometric IOP and x is the actual IOP.

Results

All three drugs significantly reduced IOP. Alfaxalone led to the least reduction at 5.2 mm Hg, medetomidine reduced IOP to 12.5 mm Hg, whereas xylazine resulted in the greatest reduction at 15.3 mm Hg. Alfaxalone achieved its maximum IOP reduction in 6 min, whereas medetomidine and xylazine required 95 and 115 min, respectively. Both alpha‐2 agonists, medetomidine, and xylazine, showed a prolonged duration of effect and a greater reduction in IOP than those of alfaxalone. All three medications provided adequate sedation without any discernible adverse effects.

Conclusions

The findings revealed the varied effects of these drugs on IOP in pigeons, potentially providing valuable insights that could be useful for broader applications in veterinary medicine.
Atmospheric Aerosols and Air Quality in the 2022 Dry Season in Huancayo-Perú
Authors: Angeles Vasquez Roberto , Angeles-Suazo Julio , Abi Karam Hugo , Flores Rojas Jose , Suarez Salas Luis , Lavado Meza Carmencita , Angeles Suazo Nataly , Boza Ccora Fernando , De la Cruz-Cerron Leonel , Zarate Quiñones Rosa
Published: May 2024

This work presents results of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Direct Radiative Force (DRF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), obtained during monitoring campaigns carried out at the Huancayo Observatory of the Geophysical Institute of Peru (OH-IGP ) in April and August 2022. In these campaigns, a Sun CIMEL photometer was used to measure the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols at wavelengths ranging from 340 to 1020 nm, and a low-cost Purple-air sensor to quantify the concentration of material particulate (PM), in fine and coarse modes. The AOD results indicated values in the range 0.06-0.22. The daily averages of PM2.5 and PM10 did not exceed Peru's current Environmental Quality Standards (50 μg/m3 and 100 μg/m3). The air quality index (AQI) calculated for PM2.5 and PM10 was classified as good. On some days during the campaigns, the air quality was classified as moderate. These results contribute to a better understanding of the current climatic conditions of the Peruvian Altiplano.
On the Kinematics of Sea-Land Breeze and the Local Development of Convective Storms in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Matola de Miranda Cardoso Rodrigo , Karam Hugo Abi , Soares de Azevedo José Paulo
Published: May 2024

This work presents an analysis of the kinematic properties of the wind flow in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using meteorological data from the aerodromes Santos Dumont, Galeão and Campo dos Afonsos, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The calculation of these kinematic quantities is based on the 'Linear Vector Point Function' (LVPF) method. The results indicate the main role of the circulation of the sea-land breeze, the effects of topography (by blockages, channeling and differential heating) and the urban breeze associated with the development of the Urban Boundary Layer in the local formation of convective rainstorms in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro.
La incidencia de la Empresa Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota en la producción de conjuntos habitacionales para obreros del carbón en el centro-sur de Chile entre 1852 y 1973
Authors: Hoyos Robert D.
Published: May 2024

A mediados del siglo XIX, la Empresa Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota se convirtió en una de las principales promotoras de conjuntos habitacionales para obreros en Chile, específicamente en el golfo de Arauco, en un territorio conocido como la Cuenca del Carbón. El núcleo de esta actividad minera fue la localidad de Lota, que se estableció y evolucionó durante más de 150 años como un centro urbano representativo de intenso despliegue industrial, urbanístico y social, de una cultura única e irrepetible que surgió de la monoproducción energética en torno al carbón, y que fue un gran ejemplo emblemático de la vanguardia industrial a nivel nacional e internacional, lo que la ubica hoy en día en la lista tentativa de la Unesco, por su valor universal excepcional, como Patrimonio de la Humanidad.
Análisis comparado de las políticas de internacionalización de Medellín y sus lógicas, 2001-2016
Authors: Piedrahita Bustamante Pedro , Pamplona Sierra María José
Published: May 2024

La ciudad de Medellín en Colombia se transformó en las últimas décadas, pasando de ser un referente de crimen y narcotráfico a uno de competitividad, desarrollo empresarial y mercadeo, implementando políticas de internacionalización que priorizan la inserción de la ciudad en redes globales bajo la dinámica del urbanismo neoliberal. El artículo analiza las lógicas del proceso de internacionalización de Medellín a través de las estrategias incluidas en los planes de desarrollo municipal de los cinco gobiernos comprendidos entre 2001 y 2016. Esto, implementando una metodología cualitativa que combina los métodos del process tracing y la comparación. Se evidencia que las estrategias implementadas por los cinco gobiernos del periodo estudiado se enfocaron en mejorar temas de desarrollo económico, empresarial y de competitividad, pero al tiempo presentan una desconexión entre dichos propósitos y sus efectos frente a necesidades sociales recurrentes.
Five new Glossilus mites from China (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

Authors: Yao Liang-fei , Huang Yi-hua , Xue Xiao-feng
Published: May 2024

Five new Glossilus species of eriophyoid mites from China are described and illustrated. They are Glossilus lanceolatus sp. nov. on Cunninghamia lanceolata (Cupressaceae), Glossilus hodginsus sp. nov. on Chamaecyparis hodginsii (Cupressaceae), Glossilus obtusus sp. nov. on Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae), Glossilus procumbenus sp. nov. on Juniperus procumbens (Cupressaceae), and Glossilus funebrus sp. nov. on Cupressus funebris (Cupressaceae). We provided two new combinations—Glossilus convergens (Keifer, 1966), comb. nov. and Glossilus juniperensis (Xue & Yin, 2020), comb. nov. We further provided mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences for five new species. All new eriophyoid mite species are vagrants, causing no apparent symptom to their host plants.
Loud and unwanted: Individual differences in the tolerance for exposure to music
Authors: Carraturo Giulio , Kliuchko Marina , Brattico Elvira
Published: May 2024

Music is generally considered a pleasant and positive stimulus. However, constant exposure to loud music, especially in acoustic environments where individuals have limited control, can transform music listening into a potentially distressing and detrimental experience. In certain contexts, music can therefore be classified as noise, with implications for mental well-being and cognitive functioning. In our paper, we delve into the complexities of this paradoxical phenomenon, discussing the implications of commonly experienced situations in which music becomes a source of discomfort due to its intensity or forced exposure. Our exploration of the effects of music exposure focuses on individual differences, encompassing clinical sensitivity (hyperacusis, misophonia), non-clinical sensitivity (noise sensitivity, sensory-processing sensitivity), and music-related individual factors (sensitivity to music pleasure). We argue that only by recognizing these aspects, significant progress can be made in prevention strategies and interventions. Our aim is to identify regulatory gaps and propose strategies to mitigate potential music-related discomfort in order to promote the creation of auditory environments that align with individual preferences and sensitivities. This approach is particularly relevant when considering clinical and non-clinical populations, for whom sensory sensitivities may substantially influence the quality of life.
Cervical extracellular matrix hydrogel optimizes tumor heterogeneity of cervical squamous cell carcinoma organoids
Authors: Song Haonan , Jiang Haoyuan , Hu Weichu , Hai Yan , Cai Yihuan , Li Hu , Liao Yuru , Huang Yi , Lv Xiaogang , Zhang Yefei , Zhang Jiping , Huang Yan , Liang Xiaomei , Huang Hao , Lin Xinhua , Wang Yifeng , Yi Xiao
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer, primarily squamous cell carcinoma, is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy. Organoids can mimic tumor development in vitro, but current Matrigel inaccurately replicates the tissue-specific microenvironment. This limitation compromises the accurate representation of tumor heterogeneity. We collected para-cancerous cervical tissues from patients diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and prepared uterine cervix extracellular matrix (UCEM) hydrogels. Proteomic analysis of UCEM identified several tissue-specific signaling pathways including human papillomavirus, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–AKT, and extracellular matrix receptor. Secreted proteins like FLNA, MYH9, HSPA8, and EEF1A1 were present, indicating UCEM successfully maintained cervical proteins. UCEM provided a tailored microenvironment for CSCC organoids, enabling formation and growth while preserving tumorigenic potential. RNA sequencing showed UCEM-organoids exhibited greater similarity to native CSCC and reflected tumor heterogeneity by exhibiting CSCC-associated signaling pathways including virus protein-cytokine, nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor, and oncogenes EGR1, FPR1, and IFI6. Moreover, UCEM-organoids developed chemotherapy resistance. Our research provides insights into advanced organoid technology through native matrix hydrogels.
Complete and circularized genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing
Bradyrhizobium
sp. strains isolated from root nodules of peanut,
Arachis hypogaea
, cultivated in Tunisia
Authors: Bouznif Besma , Boukherissa Amira , Jaszczyszyn Yan , Mars Mohamed , Timchenko Tatiana , Shykoff Jacqui A. , Alunni Benoît
Published: May 2024

This manuscript reports the complete and circularized Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long read-based genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing symbionts belonging to the genus
Bradyrhizobium
, isolated from root nodules of peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
) grown on soil samples collected from Tunisia.
Unlocking the biosynthetic potential and taxonomy of the Antarctic microbiome along temporal and spatial gradients
Authors: Medeiros William , Hidalgo Kelly , Leão Tiago , de Carvalho Lucas Miguel , Ziemert Nadine , Oliveira Valeria
Published: May 2024

Extreme environments, such as Antarctica, select microbial communities that display a range of evolutionary strategies to survive and thrive under harsh environmental conditions. These include a diversity of specialized metabolites, which have the potential to be a source for new natural product discovery. Efforts using (meta)genome mining approaches to identify and understand biosynthetic gene clusters in Antarctica are still scarce, and the extent of their diversity and distribution patterns in the environment have yet to be discovered. Herein, we investigated the biosynthetic gene diversity of the biofilm microbial community of Whalers Bay, Deception Island, in the Antarctic Peninsula and revealed its distribution patterns along spatial and temporal gradients by applying metagenome mining approaches and multivariable analysis. The results showed that the Whalers Bay microbial community harbors a great diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters distributed into seven classes, with terpene being the most abundant. The phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the most abundant in the microbial community and contributed significantly to the biosynthetic gene abundances in Whalers Bay. Furthermore, the results highlighted a significant correlation between the distribution of biosynthetic genes and taxonomic diversity, emphasizing the intricate interplay between microbial taxonomy and their potential for specialized metabolite production.

IMPORTANCE

This research on antarctic microbial biosynthetic diversity in Whalers Bay, Deception Island, unveils the hidden potential of extreme environments for natural product discovery. By employing metagenomic techniques, the research highlights the extensive diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters and identifies key microbial phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, as significant contributors. The correlation between taxonomic diversity and biosynthetic gene distribution underscores the intricate interplay governing specialized metabolite production. These findings are crucial for understanding microbial adaptation in extreme environments and hold significant implications for bioprospecting initiatives. The study opens avenues for discovering novel bioactive compounds with potential applications in medicine and industry, emphasizing the importance of preserving and exploring these polyextreme ecosystems to advance biotechnological and pharmaceutical research.
The spatial and geological characteristics of fault- and paleokarst-controlled carbonate-hosted reservoirs in the Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Holdsworth Robert E. , Fan Tailiang , McCaffrey Kenneth J.W. , Gao Zhiqian , Yang Debin , Wu Pengfei , Gao Shichang
Published: May 2024

Seismic interpretation and characterization of Middle Ordovician carbonates of the northern Tarim Basin in China reveal a series of deep-seated, sub-vertical conjugate strike-slip faults, together with sets of apparently layer-bound fractures striking parallel or orthogonal to the faults. Detailed stratigraphic analysis, well logging response interpretations (including formation microscanner images), coupled with core sample and thin section observations highlight vertical and lateral partitioning of fracturing and dissolution processes. Fracturing and dissolution development are most intense in grain-supported host rocks (grainstones, packstones) deposited in relatively shallow water conditions. Reservoir pore spaces vary systematically from north (Tahe) to south (Shunbei), which can be attributed to their proximity to a major regional angular unconformity with overlying Upper Devonian to Carboniferous sequences. Larger-scale dissolved fracture-cavity reservoirs are developed in the northern Tahe area due to the combined effects of faulting, surface karstification, and river system development close to the base Carboniferous erosion surface. Farther south, where the rocks lie farther from the paleoerosion surface, reservoir space is characterized by smaller, more structurally controlled open cavities bounded by fault slip surfaces, breccias, and open fractures. The observed interactions between paleokarstification intensity, tectonic controls, and host rock lithological layering—and their control over the observed reservoir complexity—are likely to occur in carbonate reservoirs worldwide.
Multiple conjunctival autografts from the contralateral eye for management of recurrent symblepharon in eyes with unilateral chemical burn
Authors: Ganguly Shayeri , Sharma Supriya , Singh Charul , Shanbhag Swapna S
Published: May 2024

We present two cases which underwent complex ocular surface reconstruction to achieve a stable ocular surface. Conjunctival autograft (CAG) procedure was required more than once, in addition to simple limbal epithelial transplantation to address extensive symblepharon in the eyes with total unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to acid ocular burns. These cases demonstrate that multiple CAGs may be harvested from the contralateral unaffected eye to correct recurrent symblepharon without any donor site complications if the correct surgical technique is adopted.
Periorbital cellulitis as the initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Han-Menz Charmaine , Kozgar Sheikh Arif Maqbool , Rana Mohammad Sohial
Published: May 2024

A girl in early childhood with no significant medical history developed left eye periorbital oedema and erythema. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics for suspected severe periorbital cellulitis. Despite treatment, the patient’s cellulitis progressed into necrotising fasciitis, and she was transferred for ophthalmology review and imaging. A CT scan and eye swab culture-confirmedStaphylococcus aureusperiorbital cellulitis. Incidentally, pathology revealed significant pancytopenia suspicious of leukaemia. The patient underwent bone marrow biopsy and was diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). A multidisciplinary specialist assessment revealed no ocular evidence of leukaemia and no intraocular concerns. In medical literature, it is consistently found that cases of ALL initially manifesting as proptosis or eyelid oedema are invariably due to neoplastic infiltration. This case represents unique documentation where periorbital cellulitis is the initial presentation of B-cell ALL, underscoring the necessity to consider periorbital cellulitis as a possible differential diagnosis in ophthalmic manifestations of ALL.
Incidentally diagnosed superior vena cava narrowing prompted by screening mammography
Authors: Satei Alexander M , Tawil Tima F , Trivax Cory Z
Published: May 2024

An adult woman with a prior history of treated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma presented for screening mammography, which incidentally demonstrated dilated veins throughout the bilateral breasts. Concern for a superior vena cava stenosis or obstruction was raised despite the patient being asymptomatic; the patient underwent further imaging with chest CT, which revealed focal stenosis of the superior vena cava, attributed to fibrosis secondary to prior radiation therapy. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), the spectrum of disease caused by superior vena cava narrowing or obstruction, requires prompt investigation given its association with intrathoracic malignancy, primary lung cancer and poor outcomes. This report explores the benign and malignant causes, signs and symptoms, preferred investigations, and treatment of SVCS. This case highlights the potential importance of screening mammography in revealing unexpected ancillary diagnoses, especially in high-risk patients.
Clinical features of patients with mutations in genes for nanophthalmos
Authors: Li Xueqing , Xiao Hui , Su Yihua , Xiao Xueshan , Li Shiqiang , Lin Shufen , Fang Lei , Sun Wenmin , Wang Panfeng , Hejtmancik James Fielding , Yu Minbin , Chen Liming , Zhang Qingjiong , Liu Xing
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

To distinguish the clinical feature of nanophthalmos (NNO) caused by mutations in protease serine 56 (PRSS56), membrane-type frizzled-related protein (MFRP), myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) and transmembrane protein 98 (TMEM98) and to evaluate the association between angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and NNO.

Methods

Variants in those four genes were identified through exome sequencing/whole genome sequencing data, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants. This observational study comprehensively summarised ophthalmological data of 67 patients with NNO from 63 families. Ocular parameters from 68 eyes without surgical treatment were subjected to further analysis.

Results

Totally, 67 patients from 63 families harboured 57 P/LP variants in the four genes, including 30 inPRSS56(47.6%), 23 inMFRP(36.5%), 5 inTMEM98(7.9%) and 5 inMYRF(7.9%). ACG was present in 79.1% of patients. An analysis of ocular parameters from 68 eyes revealed that shorter axial length (AL), lower vitreous-to-AL ratios and severe foveal hypoplasia were associated with variants inPRSS56andMFRP. Uveal effusion was more common in patients withPRSS56variants, while retinitis pigmentosa was frequently observed in patients withMFRPvariants. Patients withMYRFvariants exhibited the thinnest retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Patients withTMEM98variants had an earlier average onset age of glaucoma.

Conclusion

Variants inPRSS56andMFRPare the most common genetic cause of NNO. ACG is a severe complication frequently observed in these patients. Earlier onset of ACG is observed in patients with dominant NNO, while foveal hypoplasia is more common in patients with recessive disease. Recognising these features is helpful in clinical care and genetic counselling.
Incidence of thrombocytopenia-associated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a population-based study
Authors: Mahadevan Joshua J , Psaltis Peter J , Thrift Amanda G , Kleinig Timothy J
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The identification of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) followed the recognition of a hitherto uncommon clinical syndrome frequently associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), termed ‘thrombosis with thrombocytopenia’ syndrome (TTS). While anecdotally recognised as rare, the background incidence of TTS is unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the background incidence of CVST with TTS in a large, well-defined population-based CVST cohort.

Methods

We performed an analysis of our previously obtained retrospective population-based cohort of patients with CVST from Adelaide, Australia (2005–2011, comprising an adult population of 953 390) to identify the background incidence of CVST associated with TTS.

Results

Among 105 people with CVST, the background population-based incidence of TTS-associated CVST was 1.2 per million per year (95% CI 0.5 to 2.4). A single case of a severe CVST VITT-like syndrome with multiorgan thrombosis was identified, occurring 3 weeks postrotavirus infection.

Conclusions

In our population-based study, the background incidence of CVST with associated TTS was very low, and the sole clinically severe case with multiorgan thrombosis occurred following a rotaviral precipitant. Our study establishes a benchmark against which to measure future potential ‘TTS’ clusters and suggests that viruses other than adenovirus may trigger this syndrome.