bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal organic framework composite based on CuBTC/SPION for application in methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Nguyen Thu Phuong , Nguyen Thi Thom , Pham Thi Nam , Do Thi Hai , Osial Magdalena , Le Minh Khoi , Nguyen Hong Nam , Le Phuong Thu , Dinh Thi Mai Thanh
Published: May 2024

In this work, a composite (CuBTC/superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [SPION]) based on copper, benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (CuBTC) and SPION was synthesized by electrochemical method for the magnetic separation of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The synthesis of the proposed composite was carried out under various experimental conditions from 1.4 to 5.4 V for 1–5 h and subsequently studied using different techniques. Scanning electron microscopy showed a granular structure, whereas Brunauer–Emmett–Teller results revealed a well‐developed surface area of around 182 m2 g−1. Fourier transform infrared confirmed the presence of functional groups characteristic to CuBTC and Fe3O4, whereas X‐ray diffraction revealed the phase structure of CuBTC 1D, CuBTC 3D, and Fe3O4 in the obtained composite. Based on the experimental results, the sample synthesized under a potential of 1.4 V for 5 h was selected for MB adsorption studies in the function of adsorbent mass, contact time, solution pH, ionic strength, initial concentration, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was 681 mg g−1, and the adsorption undergoes the Redlich–Peterson and Sips isotherm model. The results obtained for CuBTC/SPION indicate that the nanocomposite is a promising adsorbent for removing MB in synthetic dye water and wastewater.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Metallodrugs for Cancer Therapy: Perspectives from Cell Death Modes
Authors: Li Hao‐Ming , Wang Meng‐Meng , Su Yan , Fang Hong‐Bao , Su Zhi
Published: May 2024

Mitochondria, recognized as the cellular powerhouses, are indispensable organelles responsible for crucial cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, material synthesis, and signaling transduction. Their intricate involvement in a broad spectrum of diseases, particularly cancer, has propelled the exploration of mitochondria‐targeting treatment as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Since the groundbreaking discovery of cisplatin, the trajectory of research on the development of metal complexes have been marked by continuous advancement, giving rise to a diverse array of metallodrugs characterized by variations in ligand types, metal center properties, and oxidation states. By specifically targeting mitochondria, these metallodrugs exhibit the remarkable ability to elicit various programmed cell death pathways, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on recent developments in transition metal‐based mitochondria‐targeting agents, offering a comprehensive exploration of their capacity to induce distinct cell death modes. The aim is not only to disseminate knowledge but also to stimulate an active field of research toward new clinical applications and novel anticancer mechanisms.
Racialized inequities in live birth after cancer: A population‐based study of 63,000 female adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Betts Andrea C. , Roth Michael E. , Albritton Karen , Pruitt Sandi L. , Lupo Philip J. , Wang Jennifer S. , Shay L. Aubree , Allicock Marlyn A. , Murphy Caitlin C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Fertility after cancer is a top concern for adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs) (15–39 years old at diagnosis). The authors characterized live births after cancer by race and ethnicity (“race/ethnicity”) in a population‐based sample of female AYAs.

Methods

This study used Texas Cancer Registry data linked to birth certificates (1995–2016) to estimate cumulative incidence of live birth, based on first live birth after cancer, and compared differences by race/ethnicity. Proportional subdistribution hazards models were used to estimate associations between race/ethnicity and live birth, adjusted for diagnosis age, cancer type, stage, year, and prior live birth, overall and for each cancer type.

Results

Among 65,804 AYAs, 10‐year cumulative incidence of live birth was lower among non‐Hispanic Black AYAs than other racial/ethnic groups: 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4–10.9) compared to 15.9% (95% CI, 14.1–17.9) among Asian or Pacific Islander, 14.7% (95% CI, 14.2–15.3) among Hispanic, and 15.2% (95% CI, 14.8–15.6) among non‐Hispanic White AYAs (p < .01). In the adjusted overall model, Black AYAs were less likely to have a live birth after cancer than all other groups. In adjusted models for each cancer type, live birth was significantly less likely for Black AYAs with gynecologic cancers or lymphomas (compared to White AYAs) or thyroid cancers (compared to Hispanic AYAs).

Conclusion

Black AYAs are less likely than AYAs of other races/ethnicities to have a live birth after cancer, in contrast to patterns of live birth in the general population. Research and action to promote childbearing equity after cancer are imperative.
A Cluster Analysis of Neuropsychological Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: Identifying a Neurocognitive Subtype Linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: López‐Villatoro J. M. , Diaz‐Marsá M. , Ayad‐Ahmed W. , Rico‐Pérez A. , Perez‐Diez I. , Galvez‐Merlin A. , Prittwitz C. , Carrasco J. L.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cognitive impairment associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been consistently demonstrated. However, a specific neuropsychological profile has not yet been established for this disorder, maybe due to the heterogeneity of BPD. The aim of this work is the search for distinct neuropsychological subtypes among patients with BPD and for the association of neuropsychological subgroups with specific clinical characteristics.

Methodology

One hundred fifteen patients with BPD diagnosis received an extensive neuropsychological evaluation assessing attentional, memory and executive functions indexes. For subtyping strategies, a cluster analysis of neuropsychological BPD distribution was performed. Central clinical dimensions of BPD were measured and analysed in relation with the obtained neuropsychological clusters.

Results

Two clusters were found: Cluster 1 showed a significantly lower score on the working memory index, and Cluster 2 had significantly worse overall executive performance, response inhibition and planning abilities. Patients in the neurocognitive Cluster 2 showed significantly higher clinical deficits of attention as measured with subscales of the CAARS attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index (F = 2.549, p < 0.005, d = 11.49).

Conclusions

Two neuropsychological clusters of patients were found in the BPD sample: Cluster 1 patients showed greater impairment in working memory, while Cluster 2 patients had greater deficits of executive functioning, particularly for response inhibition and planning. In addition, BPD patients with greater executive deficits presented greater levels of ADHD clinical features. These findings might also facilitate earlier diagnosis of severe BPD patient profiles and to establish more personalized treatment based on neurocognitive stimulation.
Analysis and performance evaluation of computation models for node localization in deep sea using UWSN
Authors: Kumar Manni , Goyal Nitin , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Rana Arun Kumar
Published: May 2024

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) connects the real world to the hidden resources available deep into the sea using sensor nodes deployed sparsely and are interconnected to gather information for any movement/change in the ocean. The computed information on nodes obtained from concurrently running UWSN's applications will be meaningful, only if the location of this change will be identified. Nevertheless, it is always difficult to obtain the exact location coordinates of any misadventure like tectonic plate's movement but using localization algorithms in UWSN helps to obtain the coordinates. Since localization algorithms for terrestrial networks are not feasible for UWSN because of environmental challenges. Moreover, GPS systems do not work after 15 m of depth and the radio frequency gets suppressed. So, the requirement arises to analyze existing localization approaches in the deep sea where acoustic signals are used for communication and data transfer. In this paper, along with describing the UWSN's applications and challenges, the underwater localization schemes are reviewed to present, summarize, and mention the scope of improvement. Further, classification into range‐based and range‐free categories of these schemes is depicted with implementation in the NS2.30 simulation environment of some of the recent techniques to showcase the reasons for better performance.
Population density effects on gamete traits and fertilisation dynamics under varying sperm environments in mussels
Authors: Sherman Craig D. H. , Careau Vincent , Gasparini Clelia , Weston Kim J. , Evans Jonathan P.
Published: May 2024

Gamete traits can vary widely among species, populations and individuals, influencing fertilisation dynamics and overall reproductive fitness. Sexual selection can play an important role in determining the evolution of gamete traits with local environmental conditions determining the strength and direction of sexual selection. Here, we test for signatures of post‐mating selection on gamete traits in relation to population density, and possible interactive effects of population density and sperm concentration on sperm motility and fertilisation rates among natural populations of mussels. Our study shows that males from high‐density populations produce smaller sperm compared with males from low‐density populations, but we detected no effect of population density on egg size. Our results also reveal that females from low‐density populations tended to exhibit lower fertilisation rates across a range of sperm concentrations, although this became less important as sperm concentration increased. Variances in fertilisation success were higher for females than males and the effect of gamete compatibility between males and females increases as sperm concentrations increase. These results suggest that local population density can influence gamete traits and fertilisation dynamics but also highlight the importance of phenotypic plasticity in governing sperm–egg interactions in a highly dynamic selective environment.
The functional diversity–productivity relationship of woody plants is climatically sensitive
Authors: Yan Haoru , Schmid Bernhard , Xu Wubing , Bongers Franca J. , Chen Guoke , Tang Ting , Wang Zhiheng , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Ma Keping , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: May 2024

Plot‐scale experiments indicate that functional diversity (FD) plays a pivotal role in sustaining ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the relationships between functional diversity and NPP across larger scale under varying climatic conditions are sparsely studied, despite its significance for understanding forest–atmosphere interactions and informing policy development. Hence, we examine the relationships of community‐weighted mean (CWM) and functional dispersion (FDis) of woody plant traits on NPP across China and if such relationships are modulated by climatic conditions at the national scale. Using comprehensive datasets of distribution, functional traits, and productivity for 9120 Chinese woody plant species, we evaluated the distribution pattern of community‐weighted mean and functional dispersion (including three orthogonal trait indicators: plant size, leaf morphology, and flower duration) and its relationships with NPP. Finally, we tested the effects of climatic conditions on community‐weighted mean/functional dispersion–NPP relationships. We first found overall functional diversity–NPP relationships, but also that the magnitude of these relationships was sensitive to climate, with plant size community‐weighted mean promoting NPP in warm regions and plant size functional dispersion promoting NPP in wet regions. Second, warm and wet conditions indirectly increased NPP by its positive effects on community‐weighted mean or functional dispersion, particularly through mean plant size and leaf morphology. Our study provides comprehensive evidence for the relationships between functional diversity and NPP under varying climates at a large scale. Importantly, our results indicate a broadening significance of multidimensional plant functional traits for woody vegetation NPP in response to rising temperatures and wetter climates. Restoration, reforestation actions and natural capital accounting need to carefully consider not only community‐weighted mean and functional dispersion but also their interactions with climate, to predict how functional diversity may promote ecosystem functioning under future climatic conditions.
Elusive mustelids—18 months in the search of near‐threatened stoat (Mustela erminea) and weasel (M. nivalis) reveals low captures
Authors: Konradsen Sofie Nørgaard , Havmøller Linnea Worsøe , Krag Charlotte , Møller Peter Rask , Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe
Published: May 2024

Stoat (Mustela erminea) and weasel (M. nivalis) are hard to monitor as they are elusive of nature and leave few identifying marks in their surroundings. Stoat and weasel are both fully protected in Denmark and are thought to be widely distributed throughout the country. Despite this stoat and weasel were listed on the Danish Red List as Near Threatened in 2019, as their densities and population trends are unknown. Using a modified novel camera trapping device, the Double‐Mostela, a wooden box comprising a tracking tunnel and two camera traps, we attempted to obtain density estimates based on identification of individual stoats and weasels. We deployed camera traps both inside Double‐Mostela traps and externally in three different study areas in northern Zealand, Denmark, and tested commercial, American scent‐based lures to attract stoat and weasel. We obtained very low seasonal trapping rates of weasel in two study areas, but in one study area, we obtained a seasonal trapping rate of stoat larger compared to another study using the Mostela. In one study area, both species were absent. We observed no effect of scent‐based lures in attracting small mustelids compared to non‐bait traps. Potential reasons behind low capture rates of weasel and stoat are suboptimal habitat placement and timing of deployment of the Double‐Mostelas, land‐use changes over the last 200 years, predation from larger predators, as well as unintended secondary poisoning with rodenticides. Due to the scarcity of weasel and stoat captures, we were unable to make density estimates based on identification of individuals; however, we identified potential features that could be used for identification and density estimates with more captures.
Making temporal dynamics relevant: The role of macrophytes in the phenological complexity of a shallow freshwater lake
Authors: Tóth Viktor R.
Published: May 2024

A multidisciplinary approach demonstrates how submerged macrophytes generate high phenological variability in Hungary's Lake Balaton. A 239‐month time series of water chlorophyll indices derived from Landsat 7 imagery from 1999 to 2019 was used. These data facilitated the generation of area‐based phenological patterns, which allowed an assessment of phenological variability by correlating chlorophyll index sequences with spatially adjacent values. The results showed that phenological variability was consistently low (below 5%) at the farthest points from the shore, indicating uniform phenological processes in the pelagic zone of Lake Balaton. Conversely, the littoral zone showed almost eight times higher variability, indicating increased diversity in shallow water areas. In particular, extensive macrophyte biomass datasets revealed a direct relationship between increased phenological variability in the littoral zone and macrophyte biomass (Spearman rank correlation: 0.893). This research highlights contrasting phenological patterns between phytoplankton and macrophyte communities, driven by different life cycles, and the possibility of effectively using satellite data to delineate phenological separation within lakes.
Predator–prey interactions across hunting mode, spatial domain size, and habitat complexities
Authors: Orrick Kaggie , Sommer Nathalie , Rowland Freya , Ferraro Kristy
Published: May 2024

Predator–prey interactions are a fundamental part of community ecology, yet the relative importance of consumptive and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) (defined as a risk‐induced response that alters prey fitness) has not been resolved. Theory suggests that the emergence and subsequent predominance of consumptive or NCEs depend on the given habitat's complexity as well as predator hunting mode and spatial domain sizes of both predator and prey, but their relative influence on the outcome of predator–prey interactions is unknown. We built agent‐based models in NetLogo to simulate predator–prey interactions for three hunting modes—sit‐and‐wait, sit‐and‐pursue, and active—while concurrently simulating large versus small spatial domain sizes for both predators and prey. We studied (1) how hunting mode and spatial domain size interact to influence the emergence of consumptive or NCEs and (2) how, when NCEs do dominate, hunting mode and spatial domain separately or additively determine prey shifts in time, space, and habitat use. Our results indicate consumptive effects only dominate for active predators when prey habitat domains overlap completely with the predator's spatial domain and when sit‐and‐wait and sit‐and‐pursue predators and their prey both have large spatial domains. Prey are most likely to survive when they shift their time but most frequently shift their habitat. Our paper helps to better understand the underlying mechanisms that drive consumptive or NCEs to be most dominant.
Elevated Fungicide and Nutrient Concentrations Change Structure but not Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities
Authors: Gonçalves Sara , Feckler Alexander , Pollitt Annika , Baschien Christiane , Michael Julian , Schreiner Verena C. , Zubrod Jochen P. , Bundschuh Mirco
Published: May 2024

Leaf decomposition is a key process in stream ecosystems within forested catchments; it is driven by microbial communities, particularly fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms make nutrients and energy bound in leaves available for wider parts of the food web. Leaf-associated microorganisms are subjected to anthropogenic pressures, such as the increased exposure to nutrients and fungicides associated with land-use change. We assessed the sensitivity of leaf-associated microbial communities with differing exposure histories, namely, from pristine (P) streams, and streams impacted by wastewater (W) and agricultural run-off (vineyards; V). In the laboratory, microbial communities were exposed to elevated nutrient (NO3-N: 0.2–18.0 mg/L, PO4-P: 0.02–1.8 mg/L) and fungicide concentrations (sum concentration 0–300 µg/L) in a fully crossed 3 × 4 × 4-factorial design over 21 days. Leaf decomposition and exoenzyme activity were measured as functional endpoints, and fungal community composition and microbial abundance served as structural variables. Overall, leaf decomposition did not differ between fungicide treatments or exposure histories. Nonetheless, substantial changes in the fungal community composition were observed after exposure to environmentally relevant fungicide concentrations. Elevated nutrient concentrations assisted leaf decomposition, and the effect size depended on the exposure history. The observed changes in the fungal community composition support the principle of functional redundancy, with highly efficient decomposers maintaining leaf decomposition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1300–1311. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Venlafaxine exposure alters mitochondrial respiration and mitomiR abundance in zebrafish brains
Authors: Robichaud Karyn , Bragg Leslie M. , Servos Mark R. , Craig Paul M.
Published: May 2024

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent often releases pharmaceuticals like venlafaxine (a serotonin–norephinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant) to freshwater ecosystems at levels causing adverse metabolic effects on fish. Changes to fish metabolism can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms like microRNA (small RNA molecules that regulate mRNA translation), including regulating mitochondrial mRNAs. Nuclear-encoded microRNAs regulate mitochondrial gene expression in mammals, and have predicted effects in fish. We aimed to identify whether venlafaxine exposure changed mitochondrial respiration and resulted in differentially abundant mitochondrial microRNA (mitomiRs) in zebrafish brains. In vitro exposure of brain homogenate to below environmentally relevant concentrations of venlafaxine (<1 µg/L) caused a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, although this was not driven by changes to mitochondrial Complex I or II function. To identify whether these effects occur in vivo, zebrafish were exposed to 1 µg/L venlafaxine for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 96 h. In vivo, venlafaxine exposure had no significant effects on brain mitochondrial respiration; however, select mitomiRs (dre-miR-301a-5p, dre-miR-301b-3p, and dre-miR-301c-3p) were also measured, because they were bioinformatically predicted to regulate mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) abundance. These mitomiRs were differentially regulated based on venlafaxine exposure (with miR-301c-3p abundance differing during the day and miR-301b-3p being lower in exposed fish at night), and with respect to sex and time sampled. Overall, the results demonstrated that in vitro venlafaxine exposure to zebrafish brain caused a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, but these effects were not seen after acute in vivo exposure. Results may have differed because in vivo exposure allows for fish to mitigate effects through mechanisms that could include mitomiR regulation, and because fish were only acutely exposed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1569–1582. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Refinement of flavour substance intake estimates using probability of addition: A proposed method based on sales data
Authors: Vilone Giulia , Hickey Christina , Slickers Natalie , O'Brien John , Smith Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Most dietary intake estimates used in the regulatory risk assessment of flavouring substances assume that the flavouring substance is present in all foods at a given concentration. They do not account for the use of alternate flavouring substances for the same taste modality, nor do they consider the use of differing concentrations within a particular food category. This highly conservative assumption leads to an over‐estimation of exposure. To refine this assumption in exposure models, the probability of addition can be utilised. In this study, a methodology to estimate the probability of addition was developed, using the volume of a flavouring substance sold for flavours created for a particular food category against its total volume sold for all flavouring use. The method was trialled, as a proof of principle, using historical data sets of two test flavouring substances, benzaldehyde (a large volume/use material) and bornyl acetate (a low volume/use material), and the impact on dietary exposure assessment was assessed. The resulting exposure estimates for both flavouring substances were shown to be significantly lower than those without the incorporation of probability of addition, demonstrating that current methods are overly conservative and that the use of probability of addition provides a more realistic estimate of exposure of flavouring substances present in foods.
Beyond borders: A cross‐cultural analysis of consumption and purchase behaviour of sweeteners in yoghurts
Authors: Chadha Diksha , Hamid Nazimah , Poulain Nolwenn , Kantono Kevin , Janani R. , Teo Pey Sze
Published: May 2024

The study explored the sociocultural influences on sugar consumption in three distinct countries: New Zealand, France, and Singapore. It employed the theory of planned behavior (TPB) alongside consumer perception and acceptance factors, such as sugar consciousness, product labeling, sugar substitution with sweeteners, and perceived flavor, to investigate participants’ behaviors regarding various yogurt types. Data was gathered through web surveys in each country, analyzed through partial least squares (PLS)–confirmatory factor analysis to create country‐specific conceptual frameworks, and then validated using PLS‐path modeling to assess the correlations between TPB and consumer perception constructs. The results indicated that perceived behavioral control positively influenced intentions to reduce sugar intake in participants from New Zealand and Singapore. Sugar consciousness exhibited a positive correlation with behavioral intentions across all three countries, suggesting heightened awareness of sugar intake motivates individuals to cut back. Notably, the presence of labels and claims showed negative correlation with perceived flavor, among the participants from New Zealand and France, suggesting that food researchers must navigate a delicate balance between labels and flavor to successfully design and market sugar‐reduced products. Further analysis, PLS‐multigroup analysis revealed significant difference in the impact of subjective norms on attitude between participants from different countries. Singaporeans placed stronger value on others’ approval for consuming less sugar‐sweetened yogurt, whereas French and New Zealand participants had a more neutral stance. This study's novelty lies in its comprehensive exploration of sociocultural factors, integration of TPB with consumer perception constructs, and tailoring of analysis to each country's cultural context, thereby enhancing our understanding of multicultural sugar consumption patterns.
Determining sugar and molasses origin by non‐exchangeable hydrogen stable isotope of ethanol and carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Rojas‐Rioseco Macarena , Fakhar Hafiz Imran , Smajlovic Ivan , Smajlovic Margarita , Grkavac Stevan , Oztop Mecit Halil , Hayat Muhammad Qasim , Castillo Rosario del P.
Published: May 2024

This study explores the differentiation of sugar and molasses produced from sugar beet and cane, which are susceptible to fraudulent labeling due to differing production costs. The research aimed to authenticate these products by botanical origin using novel analytical techniques. Utilizing ethanol isotopic measurement–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for non‐exchangeable hydrogen stable isotopes alongside carbon stable isotopes analysis through elemental analyzer–IRMS, the study accurately identified the origin of various sugar and molasses samples, pinpointed mislabeled goods, and determined the source of products with previously unknown provenance. These methods were also effective in revealing sugar and molasses adulteration and quantifying the extent of such fraud. The combined isotope analyses demonstrated their potential as robust tools for combating misrepresentation and adulteration in the sugar industry.
Hull form optimization research based on multi‐precision back‐propagation neural network approximation model
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Baoji , Lai Yuyang , Fang Liqiao
Published: May 2024

In order to shorten the optimization cycle of ship design optimization and solve the time‐consuming problem of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical calculation, this paper proposes a multi‐precision back‐propagation neural network (MP‐BP) approximation technology. Fewer high‐precision ship samples and more low‐precision ship samples were used to construct an approximate model, back‐propagation (BP) neural network was used to train multi‐precision samples. So that the approximate model is as close as possible to the real model, and achieving the effect of high‐precision approximation model. Subsequently, numerical verification and typical hull form verification are given. Based on CFD and Rankine theory, the multi‐objective design optimization framework for ship comprehensive navigation performance is constructed. The multi‐objective approximation model of KCS ship is constructed by MP‐BP approximation technology, and optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results show that the multi‐objective optimization design framework using the MP‐BP approximation model can capture the global optimal solution and improve the efficiency of the entire hull form design optimization. It can provide a certain degree of technical support for green ship and low‐carbon shipping.
Post‐diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Markozannes Georgios , Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Cariolou Margarita , Balducci Katia , Vieira Rita , Kiss Sonia , Aune Dagfinn , Greenwood Darren C. , Gunter Marc J. , Copson Ellen , Renehan Andrew G. , Bours Martijn , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Hudson Melissa M. , May Anne M. , Odedina Folakemi T. , Skinner Roderick , Steindorf Karen , Tjønneland Anne , Velikova Galina , Baskin Monica L. , Chowdhury Rajiv , Hill Lynette , Lewis Sarah J. , Seidell Jaap , Weijenberg Matty P. , Krebs John , Cross Amanda J. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Chan Doris S. M.
Published: May 2024

Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour have been clearly linked with colorectal cancer development, yet data on their potential role in colorectal cancer survival is limited. Better characterisation of these relationships is needed for the development of post‐diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidance for colorectal cancer survivors. We searched PubMed and Embase through 28 February 2022 for studies assessing post‐diagnosis physical activity, and/or sedentary behaviour in relation to all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality and recurrence after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Total and recreational physical activity were assessed overall and by frequency, duration, intensity, and volume using categorical, linear, and non‐linear dose–response random‐effects meta‐analyses. The Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) independent Expert Committee on Cancer Survivorship and Expert Panel interpreted and graded the likelihood of causality. We identified 16 observational studies on 82,220 non‐overlapping patients from six countries. Physical activity was consistently inversely associated with colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality outcomes, with 13%–60% estimated reductions in risk. Sedentary behaviour was positively associated with all‐cause mortality. The evidence had methodological limitations including potential confounding, selection bias and reverse causation, coupled with a limited number of studies for most associations. The CUP Global Expert panel concluded limited‐suggestive evidence for recreational physical activity with all‐cause mortality and cancer recurrence. Total physical activity and its specific domains and dimensions, and sedentary behaviour were all graded as limited‐no conclusion for all outcomes. Future research should focus on randomised trials, while observational studies should obtain objective and repeated physical activity measures and better adjustment for confounders.
Asymptomatic endometrial cancer with Lynch syndrome; in a woman with primary infertility—A case report and literature review
Authors: Noah Nancy , Gilani Misha , Kumar Ranitha
Published: May 2024

Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by germline pathogenic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes—resulting in increased susceptibility to colorectal, endometrial, and other tumors. This case report presents an incidental finding of endometrial cancer with Lynch syndrome during investigation for primary infertility. A 34‐year‐old woman presented to the fertility clinic with unexplained primary infertility. Investigations showed possible endometrial polyp, 13 × 11 mm in size. Hysteroscopic polypectomy and endometrial biopsy revealed complex endometrial hyperplasia amounting to endometroid adenocarcinoma. The case was discussed at the West of Scotland Gynecology‐Oncology MDT meeting—management options including fertility‐sparing treatment or radical surgery were presented to the patient and she opted for the latter. A total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed with pathology results consistent with well‐differentiated endometroid adenocarcinoma Stage 1A. Peritoneal washings showed no malignant cells. Genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. On further questioning, it was revealed that the patient had a strong family history of colon cancer but had not previously met the criteria for genetic testing. She was referred to colorectal surgeons and underwent colonoscopy. This showed no abnormality; she was therefore scheduled for 2‐yearly colonoscopic surveillance.
Systematic improvement of empirical energy functions in the era of machine learning
Authors: Devereux Mike , Boittier Eric D. , Meuwly Markus
Published: May 2024

The impact of targeted replacement of individual terms in empirical force fields is quantitatively assessed for pure water, dichloromethane (CHCl), and solvated K and Cl ions. For the electrostatic interactions, point charges (PCs) and machine learning (ML)‐based minimally distributed charges (MDCM) fitted to the molecular electrostatic potential are evaluated together with electrostatics based on the Coulomb integral. The impact of explicitly including second‐order terms is investigated by adding a fragment molecular orbital (FMO)‐derived polarization energy to an existing force field, in this case CHARMM. It is demonstrated that anisotropic electrostatics reduce the RMSE for water (by 1.4 kcal/mol), CHCl (by 0.8 kcal/mol) and for solvated Cl clusters (by 0.4 kcal/mol). An additional polarization term can be neglected for CHCl but further improves the models for pure water (by 1.0 kcal/mol) and hydrated Cl (by 0.4 kcal/mol), and is key for solvated K, reducing the RMSE by 2.3 kcal/mol. A 12‐6 Lennard‐Jones functional form performs satisfactorily with PC and MDCM electrostatics, but is not appropriate for descriptions that account for the electrostatic penetration energy. The importance of many‐body contributions is assessed by comparing a strictly 2‐body approach with self‐consistent reference data. Two‐body interactions suffice for CHCl whereas water and solvated K and Cl ions require explicit many‐body corrections. Finally, a many‐body‐corrected dimer potential energy surface exceeds the accuracy attained using a conventional empirical force field, potentially reaching that of an FMO calculation. The present work systematically quantifies which terms improve the performance of an existing force field and what reference data to use for parametrizing these terms in a tractable fashion for ML fitting of pure and heterogeneous systems.
Quaternary branched polyethylenimine‐based nanocomposite for removal of NO3− ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Khademian Maryam , Sarrafi Yaghoub , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Hasantabar Vahid
Published: May 2024

This study synthesized a nanocomposite based on quaternary branched polyethyleneimine containing sodium alginate and graphene oxide and characterized by FE‐SEM, EDX‐MAP, XRD, FT‐IR, and TGA and used as an efficient sorbent for the removal of nitrate ions. The maximum ion exchange in optimized conditions was discovered to be 75%. The experimental studies showed that nitrate removal follows the pseudo‐first‐order model due to more consonance. Also, Weber–Morris and Boyd models suggested that the nitrate ions adsorption on the surface of nanocomposite is not controlled only by the intraparticle diffusion step. Moreover, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson, and Hill models exhibited high regression coefficients of 0.991, 0.993, and 0.992, respectively. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the adsorption system was spontaneous and exothermic. Recovery assay showed that more than 98% of the nitrate ion exchanged by the nanocomposite was regenerated and nanocomposite could be reused seven cycles without efficacy reducing significantly. The nanocomposite showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5 and 125 μg mL−1, and zone of growth inhibition of 17.5 ± 0.5 and 10.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. The results represented that the introduced nanocomposite is a useful material for the removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solution and has antibacterial properties.
Disorders of fatty acid homeostasis
Authors: Vaz Frédéric M. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Salomons Gajja S. , Wanders Ronald J. A.
Published: May 2024

Humans derive fatty acids (FA) from exogenous dietary sources and/or endogenous synthesis from acetyl‐CoA, although some FA are solely derived from exogenous sources (“essential FA”). Once inside cells, FA may undergo a wide variety of different modifications, which include their activation to their corresponding CoA ester, the introduction of double bonds, the 2‐ and ω‐hydroxylation and chain elongation, thereby generating a cellular FA pool which can be used for the synthesis of more complex lipids. The biological properties of complex lipids are very much determined by their molecular composition in terms of the FA incorporated into these lipid species. This immediately explains the existence of a range of genetic diseases in man, often with severe clinical consequences caused by variants in one of the many genes coding for enzymes responsible for these FA modifications. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about FA homeostasis and the genetic diseases involved. This includes the disorders of FA activation, desaturation, 2‐ and ω‐hydroxylation, and chain elongation, but also the disorders of FA breakdown, including disorders of peroxisomal and mitochondrial α‐ and β‐oxidation.
Drugs targeting CMPK2 inhibit pyroptosis to alleviate severe pneumonia caused by multiple respiratory viruses
Authors: Tang Zhongxiang , Mao Yu , Ruan Pinglang , Li Jiani , Qiu Xiangjie , Meng Yuting , Wang Mengyu , Wu Guojun , Wang Lili , Tan Yurong
Published: May 2024

Severe pneumonia caused by respiratory viruses has become a major threat to humans, especially with the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak and epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the universal molecular mechanism of severe pneumonia induced by multiple respiratory viruses and to search for therapeutic strategies targeting this universal molecular mechanism. The common differential genes of four respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, influenza, and SARS‐CoV‐2, were screened by GEO database, and the hub gene was obtained by Sytohubba in Cytoscape. Then, the effect of hub genes on inflammasome and pyrodeath was investigated in the model of RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. Finally, through virtual screening, drugs targeting the hub gene were obtained, which could alleviate severe viral pneumonia in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that CMPK2 is one of the hub genes after infection by four respiratory viruses. CMPK2 activates the inflammasome by activating NLRP3, and promotes the releases of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 to induce severe viral pneumonia. Z25 and Z08 can reduce the expression level of CMPK2 mRNA and protein, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 and alleviating the development of severe viral pneumonia. In conclusion, the inflammatory response mediated by CMPK2 is the common molecular mechanism of severe pneumonia induced by viral infection, and Z25 and Z08 can effectively alleviate viral infection and severe pneumonia through this mechanism.
Physician workload and practice management in pediatric gastroenterology
Authors: Chien Kimberley A. , Thomas Charlene , Cooley Victoria , Weinstein Toba , Murray Karen F. , Muir Linda , Hayes Christopher , Gold Benjamin D. , Gerber Linda M. , Tomer Gitit , Sauer Cary G.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The pediatric gastroenterology workforce has grown in the last few decades. The North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) formed a task force to understand current pediatric gastroenterology organizations' practice structures.

Methods

19‐item electronic survey was distributed to NASPGHAN members who were clinical or academic division directors.

Results

30% responded to the survey, all directors of academic practices. The median number of clinical sessions per week was seven sessions, and the median individual work relative value unit (wRVU) target for practices was 4000−4500. Healthcare team ratios compared to provider clinical full‐time equivalent were reported as the following: Nursing 0.80, medical assistant (MA) 0.29, dietitian 0.29, social worker 0.14, and psychologist 0.13. Regarding compensation, 68.0% were salaried with bonus based on billing or director decision, 28.0% were salaried with no incentive pay, and 4.0% were salaried with a portion at risk if the target was not met, and a bonus was given if the target was met. Most practices participated in a wellness activity with the most common strategies being didactic lectures about physician burnout (80%), annual burnout check‐ins (68%), and/or after‐hours social activities (60%).

Conclusions

Pediatric gastroenterology practices vary regarding clinical sessions per week and annual wRVU targets with the median at seven sessions per week and an annual goal of 4000−4500 wRVUs, similar to reported national benchmark goals at the 50th percentile. Healthcare teams, including nursing, MAs, dietitians, social workers, and psychologists, had similar ratios of staff to providers for all sizes and types of practices. Most practices are engaging in wellness initiatives.
The role of anthropomorphism and racial homophily of virtual influencers in encouraging low‐ versus high‐cost pro‐environmental behaviors
Authors: Wan Calvin , Lee Daisy , Ng Peggy
Published: May 2024

Virtual influencers have great potential to shape the audience's perception and motivate behavioral change. Drawing upon anthropomorphism theory and social identity theory, this paper examined the interaction effect of anthropomorphism and racial homophily of virtual influencers in shaping audiences' trust and subsequently pro‐environmental behaviors in low‐ and high‐cost contexts. Two online studies employing experimental materials generated by artificial intelligence were conducted. Study 1 revealed that high anthropomorphism (human‐like virtual influencers) and high racial homophily (local‐like virtual influencers) are more effective for eliciting trust in the context of low‐cost pro‐environmental behaviors. The findings also showed that low racial homophily (foreign‐like virtual influencers) would further weaken the trust level of a virtual influencer in low anthropomorphism (animate‐like virtual influencers). Study 2 aimed to replicate the findings from Study 1 in the context of high‐cost pro‐environmental behaviors. The findings showed that low racial homophily (foreign‐like virtual influencers) enhanced the trust in a high anthropomorphism (human‐like virtual influencers) virtual influencer. The moderated mediation analyses confirmed the hypothesized relationships in the proposed research model. This research advanced our understanding on the moderating role of racial homophily that serves as a cognitive shortcut for low‐cost and quick decisions. However, a low racial homophily (foreign‐like) virtual influencer would be more effective for high‐cost and symbolic pro‐environmental behaviors. These insights provide valuable guidance to businesses, marketers, and environmental advocates aiming to leverage virtual influencers for encouraging sustainability practices.
It is a match! The effect of regulatory fit on new products recommendations
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Balaji M. S. , Luo Jun , Jha Subhash , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: May 2024

Online retailers often recommend new products to consumers. The present study examined the influence of regulatory fit on consumers' click‐through intentions of new products recommended by online retailers. We proposed that regulatory fit resulting from aligning the product's regulatory focus and recommendation message's regulatory orientation positively influences click‐through intention of new product recommendations. In a laboratory study (Study 1), we found that regulatory fit increase consumers' click‐through behaviors of new product recommendations. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 in a controlled online experiment and found support for regulatory fit—click‐through intentions relationship. Study 3 found that regulatory fit increases click‐through intentions for new products but not for existing products. Study 4 supported the mediating role of perceived efficacy and boundary condition of consumer innovativeness in the relationship between regulatory fit and click‐through intentions. This study contributes to the literature on new product adoption, regulatory focus, and product recommendation strategies. Furthermore, it helps online retailors develop effective recommendation strategies for new product recommendations.
Blocking the ATR‐SerRS‐VEGFA pathway targets angiogenesis for UV‐induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Hongyan , Peng Zhangsong , Zheng Zhaohui , Li Changxing , Wang Youyi , Liang Liuping , Chen Yuxiang , Zeng Kang
Published: May 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent form of skin cancer, with an escalating incidence rate and a notable potential (up to 5%) for metastasis. Ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for cSCC carcinogenesis, with literature suggesting ultraviolet radiation (UVR) promotes vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression. This study aims to investigate UVR‐induced upregulation of VEGFA and explore combination therapeutic strategies. The skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 was exposed to specific durations of ultraviolet radiation. The effect of emodin on ATR/SerRS/VEGFA pathway was observed. The cell masses were also transplanted subcutaneously into mice (n = 8). ATR inhibitor combined with emodin was used to observe the growth and angiogenesis of the xenografts. The results showed that UV treatment significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of SerRS and the expression level of VEGFA in A431 cells (p < 0.05). Treatment with emodin significantly inhibited this expression (p < 0.05), and the combination of emodin and ATR inhibitor further enhanced the inhibitory effect (p < 0.05). This phenomenon was further confirmed in the xenograft model, which showed that the combination of ATR inhibitor and emodin significantly inhibited the expression of VEGFA to inhibit angiogenesis (p < 0.05), thus showing an inhibitory effect on cSCC. This study innovatively reveals the molecular mechanism of UV‐induced angiogenesis in cSCC and confirms SerRS as a novel target to inhibit cSCC angiogenesis and progression in vitro and in vivo studies.