bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE TWO GROUPS OF LATE ROMAN AGE SETTLEMENTS IN THE HEADSTREAM OF TILIGUL RIVER
Authors: Dzygovskyi O. M. , Sapozhnykov I. V.
Published: January 2020

In the paper the materials of new sites of the first centuries AD are examined. They were revealed and some of them even explored in the Tiligul headstream in 1988—1989, 1997, 2000. Many of these sights were revealed several decades ago but despite of that their materials were not entirely included to the science circulation and, thoroughly, did not find their qualitative scientific comprehension up to the present moment. According to the chronology and the character of materials of these sites they could be divided into two groups of antiquities: sites of Etuliya type and of Chernyakhiv culture. First of them are presented by the settlements Tochilovo and Aleksandrovka I which, as things stand, are the first sites of Etuliya type revealed and researched in the forest-steppe natural and climatic zone on the lands between Dniester and Southern Bug. The Chernyakhiv sites are represented on this territory by the settlement Baytali III. The sites of Etuliya type chronologically take precedency here of the Chernyakhiv sites which is dated to the second half of 3rd—4th century AD, and as the settlement structure it appeared not later than 250/260 AD. At the same time, the concurrency of the low date of Chernyakhiv site (the settlement Baytali III) and of the high date of the site of Etuliya type (the settlement Tochilovo) may show the short-time coexistence of population of these settlements in the Tiligul headstream, at least, over a period of sixties of the 3rd century AD.
THE SCYTHIAN BARROW NEAR KALINOVKA VILLAGE IN NADPORIZHZHYA
Authors: Romashko A. V. , Krylova L. P.
Published: January 2020

In 1973 Dnipropetrovsk Yavornitsky National Historical Museum conducted archaeological rescue works near the village Kalinovka, Solonyansky district, Dnipropetrovsk region.

Scythian barrow 2 was the 4 m high with a diameter up to 30 m. The mound was surrounded with the circle of the stone blocks. Four Scythian burials were discovered. Three of them belong to children of different ages, one — to the family. All burials were in destroyed catacomb graves. The skeletons lied supine with their head directed to the east. They were accompanied by gold and bronze jewelry and glass beads.

The primary grave 3 deserves the greatest attention. It was also made in catacomb grave in the centre of the barrow, on the same axis with children’s tombs. The gave has been repeatedly looted and the looting mine and other violations of the grave were fixed. The burial was collective — two adults (a man and a woman) and a child laid supine with their head directed to the east.

The grave goods were represented by the fragment of metal caldron, bronze arrow heads (34 pieces), the fragments of iron spear-head and possibly the sword, several knives with bone handle, the bronze plate, a «cockroach», a Greek lutherium, details of the composite Greek spindle, and numerous decorations. Scythian barrow 2 dates from the second half of the 4th to the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The group of children’s graves of the barrow ought to be obviously include to this interval.

As to the question of the life status of persons buried in the grave 3 it should be noted that, according to the criteria proposed by one of the authors for the Scythian burials of the «holders of the сauldron», the man from the primary grave was the head of the lower aristocratic stratum of the Scythian society. The presence of a child in the central burial as a possible descendant of a sufficiently high social status of his father, allows to consider simultaneously the main children’s burials as dependent and subordinate to this particular person.
FINIALS FROM CHMYREVA MOHYLA (finding of 1898)
Authors: Babenko L. I.
Published: January 2020

In 1898 during excavations of Chmyreva Mohyla held by F. Brown, near the burial mound the countrymen plowed four bronze finials in shape of bearded deer. The finials were taken to the Hermitage collection, and in 1932 they were given to Ukraine, to Kharkiv, and now they are in the collection of the M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum.

On the outside the finials from Chmyreva Mohyla are close to those from the Haimanova Mohyla. But they are different in that they are less schematic, more variable inside the series and that they have more clear relief of the small details.

When found, one of the finials was broken into two parts — a plug and a deer figure. When the finials were given to Ukraine, the plug occasionally was left in the Hermitage and the deer figure was taken to Kharkiv. Later it caused the confusion in calculating the general number of finials from Chmyreva Mohyla, which was surmounted due to analysis of accounting records.

It is more correct to associate an animal on the finials with fantastic creatures due to its unnatural treat — a long goat beard.

«Deers’» postures on the finials are the bent front feet and stretched in a step hind feet that are typical for a posture of an animal that is carved by a predator or a gryphon. This equates to treat the «deers» as offering animals, which corresponds to the main function of the finials as means that provided for communication between the universe zones.

Tradition of depicting signs in the form of birds’ heads on the «deers’» shoulders and shieldbones had deeps roots, but for the Scythian art of the 4th century BC the peculiar trait was a gradual loss of zoomorphic basis and as a consequence — the characters schematization.

Analysis of the finials from Chmyreva Mohyla and Haimanova Mohyla allows making a conclusion that in the 4th century BC a practice of making finials by a specified pattern became widespread. Herewith different masters could have been participating in replicating the same copy; they tried to reduplicate a particular example, sometimes without the whole understanding the meaning of some of its details.
Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy
Authors: Iglesias María Sanromán , Grzelczak Marek
Published: January 2020

The possibility of detecting genetic mutations rapidly in physiological media through liquid biopsy has attracted the attention within the materials science community. The physical properties of nanoparticles combined with robust transduction methods ensure an improved sensitivity and specificity of a given assay and its implementation into point-of-care devices for common use. Covering the last twenty years, this review gives an overview of the state-of-the-art of the research on the use of gold nanoparticles in the development of colorimetric biosensors for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphism as cancer biomarker. We discuss the main mechanisms of the assays that either are assisted by DNA-based molecular machines or by enzymatic reactions, summarize their performance and provide an outlook towards future developments.
Rankine–Hugoniot Relations Including Pickup Ions
Authors: Gedalin Michael , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: January 2020

The Rankine–Hugoniot relations are consequences of the global, magnetohydrodynamic conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and magnetic flux at shocks in plasma. They provide us with the boundary conditions, although these are insufficient to quantify the energy partition in substantially non-Maxwellian plasmas in the presence of nonthermal, pickup ions (PUIs). Ion dynamics inside the shock front is essentially nonadiabatic and gyrophase-dependent. The shock jump conditions are typically evaluated using the upstream and downstream distributions in the regions where they already become gyrotropic. The relation between the gyrophase-dependent motion inside the shock front and the gyrophase-averaged moments of the ion distributions is established using numerical ion tracing across a model shock profile, which includes the major basic features of a collisionless shock. The upstream distribution of PUIs is taken to be a filled shell. The obtained moments of the PUI distribution function are used to construct the Rankine–Hugoniot relations for a gyrotropic plasma regime. The quality of numerical ion tracing is checked by comparing it with full particle simulations. The moments of the distribution in the isotropic region are estimated.
Une philosophie du dire ( Sagen ) comme faire ( Tun )
Authors: Thomas-Fogiel Isabelle
Published: January 2020

L’enjeu de cette étude est, une fois surmontée l’apparente faiblesse des vues fichtéennes sur le langage (partie I), de restituer leur cohérence et leur importance. La cohérence tout d’abord, qui nous fera passer d’une théorie de la désignation (le mot renvoyant à une chose indépendante) à une théorie de la signification comme effectuation (partie II). L’importance ensuite, puisqu’il sera alors loisible de comprendre comment au cœur du système fichtéen se trouve une théorie de l’énonciation, qui met en œuvre un principe fondamental, celui de l’accord entre le dire ( Sagen )et le faire ( Tun ) (Partie III). Pour l’établir, Fichte se livre à la fois à une critique serrée de l’illusion référentielle et à une critique de la représentation. Par là, sa philosophie se révèle être une philosophie du dire comme faire.
Le langage dans la Logique transcendantale de 1812
Authors: Carbone Antonella
Published: January 2020

Les cours sur la Logique transcendantale sont l'un des lieux de la production fichtéenne dans lequel le philosophe de Rammenau réfléchit sur le langage et en particulier sur la capacité performative de la parole. A travers la déconstruction du discours de la logique commune, déjà durement frappée dans les leçons de Zurich de 1794, articulée en trois moments principaux (identifiés comme processus ironique, inventio et ruse du langage), la Doctrine de la Science révèle le lien entre le mot, le concept et l'intuition intellectuelle et exprime le besoin de subsumer le premier au concept correctement compris, de sorte qu'il puisse révéler la présence d'une pensée synthétique, dont le mot lui-même est l'image.
Délire d’indignité mélancolique, pure douleur d’exister et peine auto-thérapeutique
Authors: Hamon Romuald
Published: January 2020

L’auteur analyse les conduites d’autopunition dans la psychose mélancolique dont l’entité clinique apparaît désormais diluée dans la rubrique des épisodes dépressifs des classifications standardisées. Mettant à contribution les apports de la psychiatrie clinique ainsi que les enseignements de Freud et de Lacan, cette étude examine, d’une part, la culpabilité délirante dans la mélancolie ainsi que la causalité psychique des passages à l’acte auto et hétéro-agressifs qui en dérivent. Elle précise, d’autre part, la logique subjective sous-tendant l’auto-dénonciation mélancolique auprès des autorités judiciaires et administratives, ainsi que les fonctions psychiques qu’elle remplit. À l’appui de la clinique, elle s’attache enfin à démontrer que l’autopunition peut constituer une solution auto-thérapeutique quand les mélancoliques parviennent, dans leur construction délirante, à édicter le motif même de leur faute et à y consentir. En ce sens, la peine qu’ils s’infligent est un mal nécessaire leur permettant d’endurer leur pure douleur d’exister. Si certains recourent à la justice pour se l’administrer, d’autres inventent une solution sur mesure afin d’assurer le traitement de la faute dont ils s’incriminent, la jouissance scandaleuse qu’ils s’éprouvent personnifier.
Incidences du viol à l’adolescence sur la sexualité et la vie amoureuse de deux femmes. Apports des épreuves projectives
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Laffon Carine , Roques Marjorie
Published: January 2020

Dans le cadre d’une recherche relative aux effets du viol subi à l’adolescence sur la psychosexualité féminine adulte, nous avons rencontré deux jeunes femmes suivies en thérapie. Après avoir proposé plusieurs temps de rencontre, dont un entretien sur le vécu du viol et ses retentissements sur leur vie affective et amoureuse, nous leur avons fait passer le Rorschach et le TAT. À partir de l’analyse des protocoles, nous avons dégagé des constances projectives dont, plus particulièrement, le refus de la passivité, lequel possède des accents effracteurs chez les deux jeunes femmes. Le détour par les épreuves projectives a permis d’entendre une sexualité plus silencieuse que celle agie dans des comportements d’hypersexualisation ou contrant des éprouvés dépressifs.
Formation et conditions facilitant l’intégration de patients dans la coanimation de séances collectives d’éducation thérapeutique
Authors: Pellecchia Alessandra , Certain Agnès , Mohammed Roland , Damien Carole , Kada Nicolas , Tirard Fleury Véronique , Gross Olivia , de la Tribonnière Xavier
Published: January 2020

But de l’étude : L’objectif de cette étude était de favoriser l’implication et l’intervention des patients-intervenants (PI) dans des séances collectives d’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP), notamment par une formation et un accompagnement à la mise en place de ces séances, en coanimation avec un professionnel de santé (PDS). Il s’agissait donc de coconstruire un modèle de formation, d’expérimenter un début d’application et de définir des conditions favorables à cette collaboration. Méthodes  : Il s’agit d’une recherche collaborative orientée par la conception (RoC), menée par un comité de pilotage représentatif des différentes catégories d’acteurs concernés, qui s’est déployée sur deux ans, en Région parisienne et à Montpellier. La recherche a comporté quatre phases : 1/ exploration (revue bibliographique et enquête) ; 2/ recrutement des PI concernés par différentes pathologies ; 3/ mise en œuvre et évaluation de la formation des PI en interpathologie ; 4/ mise en œuvre et évaluation des séances collectives coanimées. Résultats  : Parmi les 35 patients sollicités, 24 (69 %) ont accepté de participer à l’étude et 22 (92 %) ont suivi la formation dans son intégralité ; 17 séances ( vs 15 initialement prévues) ont été réalisées en coanimation avec les PDS pour 151 patients bénéficiaires ( vs  150 prévus). Les taux de satisfaction des PI, PDS et patients bénéficiaires ont été très élevés. Conclusions  : Cette recherche a permis de valider un modèle de formation pour les PI en éducation thérapeutique et de préciser quelques conditions pouvant faciliter leur intégration dans les programmes d’ETP.
Identifying the Most Successful Procedures in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Hammarstedt Jon E. , Laseter Joseph R. , Gupta Asheesh , Christoforetti John J. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: January 2020

Hip arthroscopy for femoral and acetabular pathologies has increased dramatically. However, there is little literature analyzing procedures as predictors of revision arthroscopy or arthroplasty. From February 2008 to November 2015, patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for a labral tear with minimum 2-year follow-up and between 18 and 60 years old were retrospectively reviewed. Those with previous surgeries, Tönnis grade greater than 1, and previous hip conditions were excluded. Follow-up was obtained for 1118 patients (1249 hips; 81.7%) with a mean age of 38.7 years (range, 18.0–60.0 years), mean body mass index of 26.4 kg/m
2
(range, 16.3–48.9 kg/m
2
), and mean follow-up of 50.2 months (range, 24.0–111.9 months). A total of 122 (9.8%) patients converted to total hip arthroplasty (mean, 35.3 months; range, 1.4–95.2 months). Multivariate analysis for predictors of total hip arthroplasty found age at surgery (hazard ratio, 1.064/y;
P
<.05), body mass index (nonlinear;
P
<.05), labral debridement (HR, 1.558;
P
=.03), and notchplasty (HR, 2.128;
P
<.05), with trochanteric bursectomy (HR, 0.367;
P
<.05) identified as associated with higher survivorship. A total of 124 (9.9%) patients underwent revision hip arthroscopy at a mean of 21.7 months (range, 0.10–83.3 months). Multivariate analysis for predictors of revision surgery found workers' compensation (HR, 3.352;
P
<.05), capsular repair (HR, 1.950;
P
<.05), and femoral head microfracture (HR, 2.844;
P
=.04) to be significant, with age at date of surgery (HR, 0.973/y;
P
<.05) and femoral head chondroplasty (HR, 0.241;
P
=.05) associated with higher survivorship. Understanding risk factors for conversion to total hip arthroplasty or revision is paramount during discussions with patients. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(3):173–181.]
Delayed Rupture of the Renal Collecting System Secondary to a Traumatic Hemorrhage in the Setting of Suspected Chronic Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Rode Siddharth , Patel Ashaki , Garrity Joseph , Garrett Robert
Published: January 2020

Isolated rupture of the renal pelvis secondary to blunt trauma is rare, though there is increased incidence in the setting of a pre-existing renal abnormality that predisposes the kidney to injury. We report a case of post-traumatic hemorrhage into the renal collecting system leading to delayed rupture of the renal pelvis in the setting of suspected chronic ureteropelvic junction obstruction. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosis of acute hemorrhage into the renal collecting system. Special attention should be given to a kidney with a pre-existing abnormality in the setting of trauma to prevent complications. A literature review of hemorrhage into the collecting system along with appropriate imaging and management are discussed.
Altmetrics Research on the Global Output
Authors: Baskaran C.
Published: January 2020

The chapter describes the research publications on altmetrics research during 2012-2019. A total of 461 publications were brought out on this area over period of study. 25.81% of the publications were published in the year 2018. It is analyzed that information science and library science areas hold the majority 293 (63.55%) of the publications, and the University of Wolverhampton has contributed the highest number (40; 8.67%) of the publications in the field of altmetrics. The study found that lowest relative growth rate (RGR; 0.04) was found in 2008. 2010, 2012, and 2014 RGR rose up to 0.75 in 1990, and the average mean value of relative growth rate (RGR) is 0.15. The highest number of publications (293; 63.55%) accumulated from information science library science. This area has been ranked first among 25 research fields listed in the study.
Impact and Usage of Social Media Among the Post Graduate Students of Arts in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
Authors: Pitchaipandi P.
Published: January 2020

This chapter tries to analyse the impact and usage of social media among the postgraduate students of arts in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, under survey method for the study. The study identified the majority (69.79%) of the respondents under female category, and 72.92% of the respondents belong in the age group between 21 and 23 years. It is observed that 32.29% of the respondents use the social media, preferably YouTube. The plurality (48.96%) of the respondents use smartphone/mobiles compare to iPod, desktop, laptop, and others. 35.42% of the respondents' spent between 1 and 5 hours weekly using social media. Further, the study also observes the positive and negative aspects of using social media in postgraduate students of arts disciplines in the university.
Dissemination of Scholarly Information Among the Research Scholars Through Social Networks and Media in Madurai Kamaraj University and Manonmaniam Sun
Authors: Pitchaipandi P.
Published: January 2020

This chapter tries to analyse the impact and use of social media among the research scholars in Madurai Kamaraj University and Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. The result of the study found that 66 (56.90%) were Manonmaniam Sundaranar University and the Residual respondents 50 (43.10%) were Madurai Kamaraj University. Thirty-three (66%) Madurai Kamaraj University were male, and 29 (43.94%) were male from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. Seventy-three (62.93%) come under the category of 26 to 35 years; 22 (18.97%) were in the category of up to 25 years. Thirty (25.86%) belong to the department of management/commerce; 14 (12.07%) were from the department of education/physical education. Seventy-eight (67.24%) were seeing Facebook, and 33 (28.45%) of the respondents used Twitter.
Recent Advancements in Photocatalytic Nanocomposites
Authors: Shajkumar Aruni , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: January 2020

Photocatalysts utilize light energy or photons to catalyze a reaction. The most significant characteristics of a photocatalyst lies in its ability to simultaneously oxidize a donor molecule and reduce an acceptor through the electron-hole pair generated upon excitation. With the emergence of nanotechnology, the utilization of nanomaterials for their photocatalytic properties has gained a new pace. TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are exploited widely for their photocatalytic properties. The recent trends concentrate on devising composite nanostructures that utilize both the properties of the photocatalyst and supporting materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or noble metal nanoparticles to enhance the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor metal oxide. The main areas of application of such structures lie in the field of water purification and energy harvesting. This chapter outlines an overview of the photocatalytic process and the existing technologies followed by the application areas and the recent advancements lying in that area.
Self-Regulated Learners
Authors: Liberty Lisa M. , DeSpain Stephanie N.
Published: January 2020

Methods of online instruction are becoming a staple in academia, and the rapid growth of online learning has prompted a need to incorporate self-regulated learning strategies. There are three phases of self-regulated learning that students employ to initiate plans to complete a task or accomplish a goal. The performance phase describes the processes students use while working towards the completion of a task or goal. In the self-reflection phase, students reflect on their progress towards the task or goal, or the results if they have completed the task. During the final stage, students use that information to inform their future decisions about completing the task or goal or begin a new one.
Standardizing Organizational Tools in the LMS for Your Digital Learning Course
Authors: Horn Suzanne Elizabeth , Restauri Sherri
Published: January 2020

There has been an increase in digital learning course offerings in colleges. The level of training and support provided to guide faculty along the path of effective digital learning course development has varied across the field. The challenge arises in higher education and other educational environments in how to best assist faculty in creating an organized and engaging course for students in their digital learning spaces or LMSs. This chapter focuses on key features for successful course creation and examines how these core organizational tools may pave a critical pathway to present material in an organized manner that is easy for faculty to edit, as well as present in an orderly format that is easy for students to follow and therefore simplifies and even improves their learning process and overall success in their digital learning experiences.
Enhancing Social Presence in Online Courses
Authors: Jennings Charity L. B.
Published: January 2020

Online course delivery offers benefits to diverse populations of college students seeking to balance their studies with commitments such as jobs and family. For adult and rural learners in particular, online courses create opportunities for learning that may not otherwise be available. Faculty members who instruct online courses are responsible for creating a robust, engaging, and rigorous learning environment that leads students to meet their educational and professional goals. Developing an engaging social presence in the online classroom is a key part of developing classroom community. Enhancing one's social presence requires strategies that develop opportunities for student mastery and critical thinking, support students' development in the affective and conative domains, and encourage students to make high-quality contributions to online discussions. Strategies include community building, humanizing the course, faculty immediacy, structured discussion prompts, effective follow-up questions, facilitating collaboration, curriculum enhancements, and feedback and grading.
Riding the Fourth Wave
Authors: Webb Andrea S.
Published: January 2020

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is an important international movement in higher education. It is a continuously developing field that is traced back to Ernest Boyer's 1990 report, “Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate,” which outlines his argument for an understanding of scholarship that includes a scholarship of teaching. This chapter traces the history and development of SoTL as a research domain since 1990. It includes specific attention to the rationale and dimensions, the debates and critiques of the field, as well as the potential future directions
Developing an Online Simulation to Teach Enzyme Kinetics to Undergraduate Biochemistry Students
Authors: Costabile Maurizio , Timms Hayley
Published: January 2020

One approach used in teaching scientific principles is laboratory practical classes. However, it can be challenging to teach concepts prior to their introduction in lectures. Academic teaching staff that wish to use alternative approaches to bridge this gap and, in turn, enhance student learning, often require help from their local Educational Developers (EDs). This chapter outlines the process of identifying a problem and then developing, implementing, and evaluating an online interactive simulation to teach enzyme kinetics to undergraduate students at the University of South Australia (UniSA). The challenges faced by the academic and ED in developing the simulation are covered. By the end of the chapter, the reader (academic or ED) will have a better appreciation of the challenges faced in developing a new teaching approach as well as the strategies that can be used to address these challenges.
Physical Access Difficulties at Educational Institutions Experienced by People With Visual Impairment
Authors: Manquillo-Manquillo Paola , Psegiannaki Katerina
Published: January 2020

The objective of this chapter was to assess the impact that haptic tools have on the experience of people with some kind of visual impairment when accessing a building. The analysis was performed through the application of a case study carried out in the facilities of the Center for Teleinformatics and Industrial Production of the National Learning Service in Popayán, Colombia with the participation of five people. Taking into account the principles of universal design, the analysis considered people with total blindness, partial blindness, and people without visual limitation. Participants provided feedback and insights on their experience locating the designated area with and without the support of defined haptic tools. The study resulted in a set of drawbacks that influence the location of visually impaired people. Such findings can be taken into account by people who wish to make projects of access to physical spaces of visually impaired people.
Design Process for Accessible Virtual Reality Learning Environments
Authors: Maldonado Zeoli Antonio
Published: January 2020

Virtual reality has captured the attention of people. Since virtual reality has become more realistic, with the evolution of the technology like the innovation of smartphones, it has been more accessible for society, and many industries have begun research on the application of VR for training and for learning about certain specific topics as it allows reducing accidents and maximizes safety. Their use in the education industry has been best seen as a tool to complement certain issues that may be difficult to understand since it can allow one to virtually move to certain areas from safe areas. However, the development virtual environments is not fully specialized to implicitly include and promote learning, much less the consideration of people with disabilities. The main objective of this chapter is the presentation of a design process for the development of virtual learning environments that allows accessibility.
On the Development of Haptic-Virtual Learning Systems for the Education of Blind People
Authors: Espinosa Castañeda Raquel , Medellín Castillo Hugo Ivan
Published: January 2020

The concept of inclusive education goes beyond considering the needs of people with disabilities; it refers to the process of recognizing the students' learning needs and to act according to such needs. People with visual limitations do not necessarily require more attention and dedication than other people; they only need to be initially guided and to have accessible information. Thus, one of the main challenges of universal education is to generate inclusive and assistive educational technologies, which can be used for the teaching and learning of people with disabilities. In this chapter, the development and assessment of haptic-enabled virtual reality learning systems for the education of non-sighted people are presented and discussed. These virtual systems represent the research work conducted to promote the accessible education of blind people and to determine the effectiveness of virtual touch in the education of blind people.
Visualization of Event-Related Changes in Brain Networks During Attention-Demanding Tasks
Authors: Seshadri N. P. Guhan , Geethanjali B. , Muthumeenakshi S. , Bhavana V. , Vijayalakshmi R.
Published: January 2020

Attention is the primary cognitive process to induce a response to a stimulus, and maintaining the attentive state continuously for a prolonged period of time is known as sustained attention, which is vital for performing any task. This study aims at visualizing the event-related changes in brain networks during attention demanding task with the help of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The results showed significant increase (p<0.05) in relative theta and gamma power during task compared to rest time, whereas in alpha band the relative power was significantly higher (p<0.05) during rest when compared to task. The event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) in relative theta power and relative alpha power respectively was observed particularly in the parietal cognitive processing electrodes. The study concludes that theta synchronization and alpha desynchronization noted at parietal cortex that is associated with attention resulted in improving the task performance with minimal errors.
Understanding Episodic Memory Through Decoding EEG and Probabilistic Estimation of Brain Functional Connectivity Parameters
Authors: Kapardi Mallampalli , Anandan Kavitha
Published: January 2020

Autobiographical events help us to analyze our own thoughts and behavior over a period of time. Analyzing the retrieval of memory helps in better understanding of the disorders. This chapter aims at analyzing the functional connectivity of young adults during a multiphase memory retrieval process. Subjects have been made to recall events in different phases of their life. EEG signals have been recorded while the subjects are performing their tasks. Inter-hemispherical coherence has been estimated from the processed EEG signals. As theta band posed higher power compared to all other bands, it was considered for further analysis. A mathematical function was formed for the processed theta wave to determine the coherence between various electrodes. The function generated a theta wave for every task and each wave was significant in its own way. The connectivity matrix was found to identify the active electrodes during retrieval of events. The results were validated by computing coherence separately for the same electrodes and for the same events.
Inter-Hemispherical Investigations on the Functional Connectivity in Controls and Autism Spectrum Using Resting State fMRI
Authors: Vidhusha S. , Kavitha A.
Published: January 2020

Autism spectrum disorders are connected with disturbances of neural connectivity. Functional connectivity is typically examined during a cognitive task, but also exists in the absence of a task. While a number of studies have performed functional connectivity analysis to differentiate controls and autism individuals, this work focuses on analyzing the brain activation patterns not only between controls and autistic subjects, but also analyses the brain behaviour present within autism spectrum. This can bring out more intuitive ways to understand that autism individuals differ individually. This has been performed between autism group relative to the control group using inter-hemispherical analysis. Indications of under connectivity were exhibited by the Granger Causality (GC) and Conditional Granger Causality (CGC) in autistic group. Results show that as connectivity decreases, the GC and CGC values also get decreased. Further, to demark the differences present within the spectrum of autistic individuals, GC and CGC values have been calculated.
Quality Estimation for Facial Biometrics
Authors: Tumpa Sanjida Nasreen , Gavrilov Andrei Dmitri , Duran Omar Zatarain , Zohra Fatema Tuz , Gavrilova Marina L.
Published: January 2020

Over past decade, behavioral biometric systems based on face recognition became leading commercial systems that meet the need for fast and efficient confirmation of a person's identity. Facial recognition works on biometric samples, like image or video frames, to recognize people. The performance of an automated face recognition system has a strong relationship with the quality of the biometric samples. In this chapter, the authors propose a quality estimation method based on a linear regression analysis to characterize the relationship between different quality factors and the performance of a face recognition system. The regression model can predict the overall quality of a facial sample which reflects the effects of various quality factors on that sample. The authors evaluated the quality estimation model on the Extended Yale Database B, finally formulating a data set of samples which will enable efficient implementation of biometric facial recognition.
A Novel Idea of Implementing Birth-Death Process to Model SU Transmission in CRN Over MPC
Authors: Islam Chowdhury Sajadul
Published: January 2020

This article proposes a solution to address spectrum scarcity matter by providing birth-death process dealing with a secondary user (SU) transmission over multiple primary channels (MPC) in a cognitive radio network (CRN). By taking advantage of the under-use of spectrum resources of licensed users, CR systems can develop the use of radio spectrum efficiently. The SU must remain in the interweaving performance process and find spectrum gaps before transmission. Furthermore, both expected slots and transmission slots comprise the extended delivery time (EDT) for the secondary user. In order to model the cognitive transmission of the SU on MPC, especially the author has made a birth-death model. This strategy is referred to as an accurate probability density function (PDF) and probability mass function (PMF) of EDT of the secondary transmission for both continuous and periodic sensing cases. In this research, the author also represents numerical and simulation results to demonstrate analysis and mathematical expression.
Using Hotspot Information to Evaluate Citizen Satisfaction in E-Government
Authors: Iskandarli Gunay Y.
Published: January 2020

The identification of issues that the public cares about in e-government can help government agencies improve the quality of services and increase citizen satisfaction. In this environment, citizen satisfaction can be provided by finding hotspot services that the public and specific regions are interested in. For this purpose, a method for the detection of hotspot services, citizen satisfaction from these services, and the interests of the regions in e-government has been proposed. In this method, the number of uses from services and the service satisfaction rating has been calculated using the satisfaction score given to them, the system has been evaluated and the fields of the common interests of regions to services have been defined. The method has been evaluated in the practice. In addition, we gave information about citizen satisfaction in e-government environment, and presented a review of the related work.
Entrepreneurial innovative network and the design of socio-economic neural system
Authors: Tikhomirova Olga
Published: January 2020

This article aims to establish how an idea becomes an innovation and how creativity, collective dynamics, and information are interconnected. The results of the study showed that the emergence of innovations is closely connected with collective collaboration, and that it is impossible outside of group dynamics. The process of self-organization and collective decision-making is realized through a synergistic interaction, which then transforms into the so-called “information laser” and serves as a basis for the emergence of innovation. Both individuals (as persons and as separate entrepreneurs) are the elements of the innovation system and the actors of the artificial neural network–socio-economic neural systems (SENS-systems). These systems act through self-organization and corporate collaboration, and the efforts of each element are amplified through the interaction with the other elements. The model of the SENS-systems can explain how the individual idea transforms into innovation and spreads throughout the world.
INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL E NECESSIDADES NA CIDADE DE MARINGÁ, UMA PESQUISA DOCUMENTAL
Authors: Biégas Sandra , Correia Santana Ariane , Banci Garcia Fernanda , Rodrigues Fabiano Thais Cristina , Fornaza Thais Regina
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as necessidades de inovação social no contexto urbano da cidade de Maringá. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva documental. Os documentos que compõem o corpus desta pesquisa abrangem: 135 questionários e cinco atas das Assembleias de Planejamento e Gestão Territorial (APGT) para discutir sobre a Lei Orçamentária Anual exercício de 2019. O tratamento dos dados foi por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apresentam uma síntese de necessidades por APGT, e respectivas especificidades, que são oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de soluções inovadoras. Necessidades na área de segurança pública destaca-se como prioridade em todas as APGTs, estando em primeiro lugar nas APGTs 1 (região do Centro), 2 (região do Conjunto Lea Leal), e 4 (região do Jardim Mandacaru).
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES CONCRETE
Authors: Turi Gerin Mayara , Sales Almir , De Nardin Silvana
Published: January 2020

Aggregate type - natural or recycled - governs a range of concrete properties (e.g. water absorption and workability). Knowing this, there are many recommended mixing methods for maintaining concrete workability. However, they may be not economic feasible or they may depreciate mechanical properties. In this work, four concrete mixtures were produced replacing 0, 30, 50 and 100% of natural aggregates by recycled concrete aggregates without any pre-wetting method or additional water. Instead of, the “Two-Stage Mixing Approach” mixing method was used. From the experimental tests it was possible to observe the influence of the substitution content on the workability, water absorption ability, density, voids index, compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.  In addition, the tensile strength and elastic modulus values of recycled concrete were also compared to those obtained in the equations recommended by ABNT NBR 6118:2014 for concrete with natural aggregates. The results showed that it is possible to maintain the workability of concrete without depreciating its mechanical properties.
AMMISSIONE DI STRANIERI SUL TERRITORIO NAZIONALE ATTRAVERSO â€˜CORRIDOI UMANITARIâ€™ CON SPONSOR PRIVATI
Authors: Ricci Carola
Published: January 2020

The scope of the present research is to understand to what extent a recent and fruitful private initiative sponsoring a safe alternative legal pathway â€˜par avionâ€™ recently spread from Italy and called â€œhumanitarian corridorsâ€, may in a future become a general and uniform alternative model for other European Union States. Such a best practice, which represents currently an exceptional route for vulnerable migrants mostly from Lebanon and Eritrea to enter the country without harm after a security screening and to be materially supported by the same sponsors in the crucial initial phase of integration, could potentially be extended to other EU States. Its legal basis should not be restricted to Article 25 of the Visa Code (recently interpreted by the EU Court of Justice as posing no obligation on Member States to grant humanitarian visa). There already exist clear obligations to grant humanitarian assistance to vulnerable people at risk stemming out from international law (both general and conventional) that do constitute the adequate legal basis both for States and civil society, to act in a â€œmulti-stakeholder allianceâ€ in order to find solutions to the challenges and opportunities deriving from international migration, as indicated in the 2016 New York Declaration.
Effect of Ramadan fasting on glycaemic parameters & body mass index in type II diabetic patients
Authors: Aydın Neriman , Kul Seval , Karadağ Gülendam , Tabur Suzan , Araz Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Background & objectives:

There has been an ongoing debate about the impact of Ramadan fasting (RF) on the health of these individuals who fast during Ramadan. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between RF and glycaemic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods:

Search terms were decided and databases such as MEDLINE EBSCO, Google Scholar and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies. Standardized mean differences and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) and fructosamine levels were calculated for different treatment regimens.

Results:

Of the 40 studies, 19 were found eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Based on pooled results, significant reductions in FPG were found in single oral antidiabetics (OAD) [standardized weighted mean difference (SMD)=0.47, 95% CI=(0.20-0.74)], multi-OAD [SMD=0.36, 95% CI=(0.11-0.61)] and multitreatment subgroups [SMD=0.65, 95% CI=(0.03-1.27)] and overall [SMD=0.48, 95% CI=(0.27-0.70)]. Furthermore, HbA1c (%) [SMD=0.26, 95% CI=(0.03-0.49)] and body mass index (BMI) [SMD=0.18, 95% CI=(0.04-0.31)] were significantly decreased in the multi-OAD group.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The meta-analysis showed that RF was not associated with any significant negative effects on PPG and fructosamine levels. However, BMI and FPG and HbA1c (%) were positively affected by RF.
End-of-life decisions
Authors: Kuriakose Cijoy K. , Chandiraseharan Vignesh Kumar , John Ajoy Oommen , Bal Deepti , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Sudarsanam Thambu David
Published: January 2020

Background & objectives:

In developing countries like India, there is a lack of clarity regarding the factors that influence decisions pertaining to life supports at the end-of-life (EOL). The objectives of this study were to assess the factors associated with EOL-care decisions in the Indian context and to raise awareness in this area of healthcare.

Methods:

This retrospectively study included all patients admitted to the medical unit of a tertiary care hospital in southern India, over one year and died. The baseline demographics, economic, physiological, sociological, prognostic and medical treatment-related factors were retrieved from the patient's medical records and analysed.

Results:

Of the 122 decedents included in the study whose characteristics were analyzed, 41 (33.6%) received full life support and 81 (66.4%) had withdrawal or withholding of some life support measure. Amongst those who had withdrawal or withholding of life support, 62 (76.5%) had some support withheld and in 19 (23.5%), it was withdrawn. The documentation of the disease process, prognosis and the mention of imminent death in the medical records was the single most important factor that was associated with the EOL decision (odds ratio - 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.74; P=0.03).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The documentation of poor prognosis was the only factor found to be associated with EOL care decisions in our study. Prospective, multicentric studies need to be done to evaluate the influence of various other factors on the EOL care.
Public health impact of marital violence against women in India
Authors: Raj Anita
Published: January 2020

The public health ramifications of marital violence are well documented and include injury, mental health concerns and physical health consequences for women and their offspring. Unfortunately, there remains social tolerance and even acceptance of these abuses against women, and health systems in India have done little to support victims despite their greater health risks. However, there are promising efforts and important advancements in India that could be built on for more effective prevention and support for women. Men and boys should be engaged in gender transformative interventions with male role models to alter men's attitudes of acceptability of and justification for marital violence and consequently their actual abusive behaviours. Given the strong demonstrated connection between men's risky and problem alcohol use and marital violence, alcohol interventions may also be beneficial. We must support women and girls vulnerable to marital violence, a group disproportionately affected by violence in their natal families as well, so they know that violence need not be part of their marriage relationship, and have skills on how to engage and communicate with or even leave their male partners to reduce their risk for violence. Formal services should be expanded for those in immediate danger and particularly for rural areas, where prevalence of marital violence is highest and supports are weakest. Finally, given the pervasiveness of attitudes accepting husbands’ marital violence against women, and the fact that these have remained largely unchanged in India for a decade, large scale community and social change efforts are needed.
Vitamin A deficiency increases the oleic acid (C18
Authors: Gopal Reddy Mooli Raja , Kumar Manchiryala Sravan , Acharya Vani , Venkata Surekha Mullapudi , Putcha Uday Kumar , Jeyakumar Shanmugam Murugaiha
Published: January 2020

Background & objectives:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key lipogenic enzyme responsible for endogenous synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays a key role in various pathophysiology, including fatty liver diseases. In this experimental study the impact of vitamin A deficiency was assessed on SCD1 regulation in relation to kidney biology, under high fructose (HFr) diet-fed condition in rats.

Methods:

Forty male weanling (21 day old) Wistar rats were divided into four groups control, vitamin A-deficient (VAD), HFr, VAD with HFr consisting of eight rats each, except 16 for the VAD group. The groups received one of the following diets: control, VAD, HFr and VAD with HFr for 16 wk, except half of the VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet, after eight week period.

Results:

Feeding of VAD diet (alone or with HFr) significantly reduced the kidney retinol (0.51, 0.44 μg/g vs. 2.1 μg/g; P<0.05), while increased oleic (C18:1) and total MUFA levels (23.3, 22.2% and 27.3, 25.4% respectively vs. 14.7 and 16.6%; P<0.05) without affecting the SCD1, both at protein and mRNA levels, when compared with HFr. Comparable, immunohistological staining for SCD1 was observed in the distal convoluted tubules. Despite an increase in MUFA, morphology, triglyceride content and markers of kidney function were not affected by VAD diet feeding.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Feeding of VAD diet either alone or under HFr condition increased the kidney oleic acid (C18:1) levels and thus total MUFA, which corroborated with elevated SCD1 activity index, without affecting its expression status. However, these changes did not alter the kidney morphology and function. Thus, nutrient-gene regulation in kidney biology seems to be divergent.