bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report on Microbial-Derived Polydeoxyribonucleotide: A Sustainable and Enhanced Alternative to Salmon-Based Polydeoxyribonucleotide
Authors: Chae Doobyeong , Oh Sae-Woong , Choi Yoon-Seo , Kang Dae-Jung , Park Chun-Woong , Lee Jongsung , Seo Won-Sang
Published: January 2025

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has emerged as a potent bioactive compound with proven efficacy in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and anti-inflammatory applications and is predominantly derived from salmonid gonads. However, this study presents a groundbreaking advancement by successfully extracting and characterizing PDRN from microbial sources, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus, marking the first report to utilize microbial-, biome-, or Lactobacillus-derived PDRN (L-PDRN). The findings demonstrate the enhanced biological properties of L-PDRN over traditional salmon-derived PDRN across several assays. L-PDRN exhibited superior antioxidant activity, with significantly higher SOD-like and DPPH radical scavenging activities compared to PDRN, particularly at higher concentrations. In wound-healing assays, L-PDRN demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting cell migration and wound closure, even under inflammatory conditions induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Additionally, L-PDRN demonstrated the potential for enhanced immunostimulatory effects under non-inflammatory conditions while maintaining anti-inflammatory properties under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that L-PDRN consists of smaller DNA fragments (under 100 bp) compared to salmon-derived PDRN (200–800 bp), suggesting greater bioavailability and skin absorption. Mechanistic studies confirmed that L-PDRN activates the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway through the A2A receptor, similar to PDRN, while also engaging alternative pathways for p38 and ERK phosphorylation, highlighting its signaling versatility. This study underscores the potential of L-PDRN as a multifunctional and sustainable alternative to salmon-derived PDRN, offering enhanced bioactivity, scalability, and environmental benefits. The novel approach of utilizing microbial-derived PDRN opens new avenues for therapeutic applications in oxidative stress management, tissue regeneration, and immune modulation, paving the way for a paradigm shift in PDRN sourcing and functionality.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with High Volumes of Modified Phosphogypsum
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Li Qizhi , Liu Peng , Huang Jingxiang , Wang Lingling , Chen Ying , Zhang Feng , Li Wei , Yu Zhiwu , Liu Lei , Shao Guangqiang , Wang Shuaifeng
Published: January 2025

The effects of high-temperature modified phosphogypsum (HPG), incorporated at contents of 40%, 50%, and 60%, on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of mortar and concrete were investigated. Additionally, the influence of graded granulated blast furnace slag powder (GGBS), quicklime, and silica fume on the mechanical properties of HPG-based mortar (HPGM) and HPG-based concrete (HPGC) was discussed. Moreover, the microstructure of HPGM was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A two-dimensional mesoscale model of HPGC was developed to predict how variations in HPG content, coarse aggregate characteristics, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) characteristics influence the compressive strength and elastic modulus of HPGC. The experimental results showed that high volumes of HPG weakened the mechanical properties of HPGM and HPGC, while appropriate amounts of mineral admixtures offset the negative effects caused by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) crystals and impurities within the system. The simulation results indicated that the maximum deviation between the mesoscale model prediction and experimental data was only 8.38%, which verified the accuracy of the mesoscale model prediction. The compressive strength of HPGC initially decreased and subsequently increased with the rise in the modulus and content of coarse aggregate, whereas it declined with higher HPG dosage and increased ITZ thickness. In contrast, the elastic modulus of HPGC showed a gradual increase with rising coarse aggregate content and improved ITZ mechanical properties, while it decreased as HPG content and ITZ thickness increased.
Thirty-Day Complications Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Wyatt Phillip B. , Reiter Charles R. , Satalich James R. , O’Neill Conor N. , Gowd Anirugh K. , King Dantae , Anastasio Albert , Cyrus John , Adams Samuel , Kalluri Prakasam
Published: January 2025

The anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and lumbar disc arthroplasty (LDA) procedures are both commonly performed to improve the quality of life and pain in people with lower back pain. However, few recent studies have compared 30-day complications on a large scale. The objectives of this study were to compare the 30-day complications seen after ALIF and LDA and identify risk factors for these complications. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried between the years 2012–2021 (10 years in total) for records of patients who underwent either ALIF or LDA as a primary procedure. Patients in each group underwent a 1:1 propensity match for age, gender, BMI, ASA status, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension requiring medication, congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inpatient/outpatient status, smoking status, and bleeding disorders. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine significant differences in complications and risk factors between these cohorts. A total of 1218 propensity-matched subjects, with 609 receiving ALIF and 609 receiving LDA, were included in the analyses of this study. The incidence of extended length of stay (LOS) (>4 days) was higher in the ALIF cohort compared to the LDA cohort (14.6% vs. 4.76%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that subjects who underwent LDA had lower odds (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.457; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.283–0.738, p = 0.001) of experiencing extended LOS compared to the ALIF cohort. Longer operative times increased the odds of prolonged LOS in both cohorts. The results of this study suggest that ALIF is associated with longer LOS than LDA when baseline demographic data are controlled. Further, longer operative times increase the odds that subjects receiving either ALIF or LDA will experience a prolonged LOS. Besides extended LOS, ALIF and LDA produce a relatively similar 30-day complication profile.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals LEF1-Driven Wnt Pathway Activation as a Shared Oncogenic Program in Hepatoblastoma and Medulloblastoma
Authors: Desterke Christophe , Fu Yuanji , Bonifacio-Mundaca Jenny , Monge Claudia , Pineau Pascal , Mata-Garrido Jorge , Francés Raquel
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Hepatoblastoma and medulloblastoma are two types of pediatric tumors with embryonic origins. Both tumor types can exhibit genetic alterations that affect the β-catenin and Wnt pathways; (2) Materials and Methods: This study used bioinformatics and integrative analysis of multi-omics data at both the tumor and single-cell levels to investigate two distinct pediatric tumors: medulloblastoma and hepatoblastoma; (3) Results: The cross-transcriptome analysis revealed a commonly regulated expression signature between hepatoblastoma and medulloblastoma tumors. Among the commonly upregulated genes, the transcription factor LEF1 was significantly expressed in both tumor types. In medulloblastoma, LEF1 upregulation is associated with the WNT-subtype. The analysis of LEF1 genome binding occupancy in H1 embryonic stem cells identified 141 LEF1 proximal targets activated in WNT medulloblastoma, 13 of which are involved in Wnt pathway regulation: RNF43, LEF1, NKD1, AXIN2, DKK4, DKK1, LGR6, FGFR2, NXN, TCF7L1, STK3, YAP1, and NFATC4. The ROC curve analysis of the combined expression of these 13 WNT-related LEF1 targets yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00, indicating 100% specificity and sensitivity for predicting the WNT subtype in the PBTA medulloblastoma cohort. An expression score based on these 13 WNT-LEF1 targets accurately predicted the WNT subtype in two independent medulloblastoma transcriptome cohorts. At the single-cell level, the WNT-LEF1 expression score was exclusively positive in WNT-medulloblastoma tumor cells. This WNT-LEF1-dependent signature was also confirmed as activated in the hepatoblastoma tumor transcriptome. At the single-cell level, the WNT-LEF1 expression score was higher in tumor cells from both human hepatoblastoma samples and a hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenotransplant model; (4) Discussion: This study uncovered a shared transcriptional activation of a LEF1-dependent embryonic program, which orchestrates the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in tumor cells from both hepatoblastoma and medulloblastoma.
32nd Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference
Authors: Hélesbeux Jean-Jacques , McCarthy Florence O. , Silva Maria Manuel , Leitão Alcino J. , Burke Anthony , Salvador Jorge A. R. , Moreira Rui , Sousa Emília , Moreira Vânia M. , Marchand Pascal
Published: January 2025

The Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Academia (GP2A) held its 32nd annual conference in August 2024 at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. There were 8 keynote presentations, 12 early career researcher oral presentations, and 34 poster presentations. Four awards were delivered, two for the best oral communications and two for the best poster presentations.
Anderson–Fabry Disease: An Overview of Current Diagnosis, Arrhythmic Risk Stratification, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Tognola Chiara , Ruzzenenti Giacomo , Maloberti Alessandro , Varrenti Marisa , Mazzone Patrizio , Giannattasio Cristina , Guarracini Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide, leading to multi-organ involvement and significant morbidity. Cardiovascular manifestations, particularly arrhythmias, are common and pose a considerable risk to affected individuals. This overview examines current approaches to arrhythmic risk stratification in AFD, focusing on the identification, assessment, and management of cardiac arrhythmias associated with the disease. We explore advancements in diagnostic techniques, including echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and ambulatory ECG monitoring, to enhance the detection of arrhythmogenic substrate. Furthermore, we discuss the role of genetic and biochemical markers in predicting arrhythmic risk and the implications for personalized treatment strategies. Current therapeutic interventions, including enzyme replacement therapy and antiarrhythmic medications, are reviewed in the context of their efficacy and limitations. Finally, we highlight ongoing research and future directions with the aim of improving arrhythmic risk assessment and management in AFD. This overview underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize care and outcomes for patients with AFD.
Current Updates on Molecular Diagnostic Assays Used for Detection of Candida auris: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wong River Chun-Wai , Lee Alfred Lok-Hang , Cheung Ingrid Yu-Ying , Chow Viola Chi-Ying , Ip Margaret , Lai Christopher Koon-Chi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen with the potential to cause invasive fungal infections and healthcare-associated outbreaks. Currently, there is no systematic review explicitly focusing on the up-to-date molecular diagnostics of this pathogen to cover the entire process, including sample pre-extraction procedures, nucleic acid extraction, and DNA-based detection. Sample pre-treatment and extraction are the prerequisites before molecular testing and have implications on the downstream detection but have not been reviewed elsewhere. This review aims to summarize a comprehensive update in the past 5 years. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to search for articles published in the period between 1 January 2020 and 20 November 2024 from various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The findings were produced through narrative synthesis, with quantitative analysis conducted where applicable. Results: Starting from 1115 records, 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. This review summarized the key updates on three categories, including (i) sample pre-extraction procedures and nucleic acid extraction, including magnetic, bead-beating, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and column-based protocols; (ii) commercial molecular assays; and (iii) laboratory-developed tests (LDTs). For real-time PCR, commercial molecular assays and LDTs showed sensitivity (ranging from 94.9% to 100% and 44% to 100%, respectively) and specificity (ranging from 98.2% to 100% and 92% to 100%, respectively). Conclusions: Here, we describe a useful summary to enlighten readers from clinical microbiology laboratories on the nucleic acid extraction protocols and performance of various molecular diagnostic assays used for the detection of C. auris.
Self-Assembly of Particles on a Curved Mesh
Authors: Costa Gabriele , Prestipino Santi
Published: January 2025

Discrete statistical systems offer a significant advantage over systems defined in the continuum, since they allow for an easier enumeration of microstates. We introduce a lattice-gas model on the vertices of a polyhedron called a pentakis icosidodecahedron and draw its exact phase diagram by the Wang–Landau method. Using different values for the couplings between first-, second-, and third-neighbor particles, we explore various interaction patterns for the model, ranging from softly repulsive to Lennard-Jones-like and SALR. We highlight the existence of sharp transitions between distinct low-temperature “phases”, featuring, among others, regular polyhedral, cluster-crystal-like, and worm-like structures. When attempting to reproduce the equation of state of the model by Monte Carlo simulation, we find hysteretic behavior near zero temperature, implying a bottleneck issue for Metropolis dynamics near phase-crossover points.
Using Entropy to Measure Religious Pluralism
Authors: Sturm George
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses a unique and revolutionary method that quantitatively evaluates the programming of a media outlet regarding religious pluralism. Using a “program appeal” score and entropy measures from information theory, the broadcast operator is able to determine if governmental compliance is being met and whether certain programs are problematic. The theoretical foundation of this tool is presented and illustrated using real-life data.
Thompson Sampling for Non-Stationary Bandit Problems
Authors: Qi Han , Guo Fei , Zhu Li
Published: January 2025

Non-stationary multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems have recently attracted extensive attention. We focus on the abruptly changing scenario where reward distributions remain constant for a certain period and change at unknown time steps. Although Thompson sampling (TS) has shown success in non-stationary settings, there is currently no regret bound analysis for TS with uninformative priors. To address this, we propose two algorithms, discounted TS and sliding-window TS, designed for sub-Gaussian reward distributions. For these algorithms, we establish an upper bound for the expected regret by bounding the expected number of times a suboptimal arm is played. We show that the regret upper bounds of both algorithms are O~(TBT), where T is the time horizon and BT is the number of breakpoints. This upper bound matches the lower bound for abruptly changing problems up to a logarithmic factor. Empirical comparisons with other non-stationary bandit algorithms highlight the competitive performance of our proposed methods.
The Importance of Positive Attitudes Toward Disability Among Future Health and Education Professionals: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gámez-Calvo Luisa , Muñoz-Jiménez Jesús , Gozalo Margarita
Published: January 2025

Understanding and embracing positive attitudes toward disability are crucial for inclusive practices. Universities play a key role in shaping these attitudes, making higher education critical for promoting inclusion and understanding diversity. This study investigates the influence of career selection and academic progression on university students’ attitudes toward disability and the associated impact on their future professional practices. A total of 446 university students from Extremadura, studying across physical activity and sports science, occupational therapy, and early childhood education, participated in this comparative study. The Spanish Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities Scale for Professionals was administered to students in their first and final years of study. The results revealed significant variations in attitudes toward disability among the different disciplines and academic years. Early childhood education and occupational therapy students exhibited more positive attitudes compared to physical activity and sports sciences students in their first year. The attitudes improved significantly across all the disciplines from the first to the final year, with notable positive changes among early childhood education and occupational therapy students. This study highlights the role of educational pathways and practical experiences in fostering positive attitudes. Tailored coursework and practical training can promote better healthcare and inclusive educational practices in future health and education professionals. Furthermore, this study highlights the need to improve the approach to competences in the analyzed university programs.
Deep Audio Features and Self-Supervised Learning for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Diseases: Sepsis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome Classification from Infant Cry Signals
Authors: Shayegh Somaye Valizade , Tadj Chakib
Published: January 2025

Neonatal mortality remains a critical global challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings with restricted access to advanced diagnostic tools. Early detection of life-threatening conditions like Sepsis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), which significantly contribute to neonatal deaths, is crucial for timely interventions and improved survival rates. This study investigates the use of newborn cry sounds, specifically the expiratory segments (the most informative parts of cry signals) as non-invasive biomarkers for early disease diagnosis. We utilized an expanded and balanced cry dataset, applying Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models—wav2vec 2.0, WavLM, and HuBERT—to extract feature representations directly from raw cry audio signals. This eliminates the need for manual feature extraction while effectively capturing complex patterns associated with sepsis and RDS. A classifier consisting of a single fully connected layer was placed on top of the SSL models to classify newborns into Healthy, Sepsis, or RDS groups. We fine-tuned the SSL models and classifiers by optimizing hyperparameters using two learning rate strategies: linear and annealing. Results demonstrate that the annealing strategy consistently outperformed the linear strategy, with wav2vec 2.0 achieving the highest accuracy of approximately 90% (89.76%). These findings highlight the potential of integrating this method into Newborn Cry Diagnosis Systems (NCDSs). Such systems could assist medical staff in identifying critically ill newborns, prioritizing care, and improving neonatal outcomes through timely interventions.
Effect of Graphene as a Lubricant Additive for Diesel Engines
Authors: Koszalka Grzegorz , Tomanik Eduardo , Maria Thiago Marinho , Christinelli Wania , Grabon Wieslaw
Published: January 2025

Two engine oil additives with graphene were tested in diesel engines. The first was a graphene oxide (GO)-based, commercially available additive that the supplier recommends using at a 3% v/v concentration in engine oil. The second was a graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-based additive that is under development, which is more concentrated and allows for the addition of a much smaller amount of additive. Using the GO additive results in a reduction of brake-specific fuel consumption from 0.2% to 0.7%, depending on the engine load, and a 2% reduction in fuel consumption when the engine is run without load. The use of 0.1% wt of GNPs led to 0.4% of fuel savings on an ESC emission cycle. Increasing the GNP concentration to 0.2% did not further reduce fuel consumption.
Neural Network-Based Analysis of Flame States in Pulverised Coal and Biomass Co-Combustion
Authors: Grądz Żaklin , Wójcik Waldemar , Imanbek Baglan , Yeraliyeva Bakhyt
Published: January 2025

In the European Union, coal consumption in the power industry has been declining over time. Energy sources such as renewable energy, nuclear energy, and natural gas are being used on an increasing scale. Despite this, fossil fuels continue to be an important pillar of the energy industry in many countries around the world. There are various methods for diagnosing the combustion process, and one of them is based on a fibre-optic system for monitoring changes in flame intensity. Thanks to its innovative design, it allows information to be extracted from the flame under conditions of high temperatures and high dusting. The article presents an analysis of measurement signals for the recognition of states of flame intensity resulting from changes in the operating point of a power boiler. Trends in the flame that occur during the combustion process, which exceed the ranges specified by experts, can cause disturbances in combustion stability. The measurement data after preprocessing were classified using artificial neural networks to determine the conditions for flame stability. Based on the recurrent neural network models used, a classification accuracy of more than 99% was achieved. This allowed for the recognition of flame states in the combustion process.
A Ratchet for Closed Pipes: Asymmetric-Configuration Role on Unidirectional Circulatory Flows
Authors: Bai Lihang , Liu Zhang , Ji Yulong , Wang Shuai
Published: January 2025

Unidirectional pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have been extensively investigated. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism is still lacking. In this study, we analyze the unidirectional flow (distinct from thermosyphon) in closed PHP loops and reveal that the combined effect of the diameter variation and pressure distribution leads to a stable circulatory flow. Analogous to the Carnot thermodynamic cycle, a flow dynamical cycle along the loop is proposed to determine the highest momentum increment rate at the limit of the pressures and tube cross-sections. Furthermore, an effective pressure cycle considering friction resistance is introduced to elucidate the balance between fluid momentum increase and decrease. Experiments with glass PHP tubes are conducted to visualize fluid movements and characterize unidirectional flow PHPs accurately. The results confirm that varying-diameter PHP significantly promotes the circulatory flow, highlighting its potential for PHP development.
Improving Performance and Safety of Lithium Metal Batteries Through Surface Pretreatment Strategies
Authors: Youk Gyuri , Kim Jeongmin , Chae Oh B.
Published: January 2025

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for electric vehicles (EVs) and next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy densities. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li metal anode plays an important role in influencing the Li deposition form and the cycle life of the LMB. However, the SEI on Li metal differs from that for other anodes, such as graphite, owing to its instability and reactivity. In addition, dendrite growth has hindered the commercial application of Li metal batteries in regular portable electronics to EVs. This review summarizes SEI formation on Li metal, dendrite formation and growth, and their impact on battery performance. In addition, we reviewed the recent progress in pretreatment strategies using materials such as polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic compounds to suppress dendritic growth.
Design and Numerical Investigation on Octagonal Barge-Type FOWT with Counterweight Suspension System
Authors: Sun Yung-Chun , Yang Ray-Yeng
Published: January 2025

This study aims at enhancing platform design and passive control technology, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing stability and efficiency. The selected site for this study is offshore water in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Owing to shallow water conditions at the selected site, an octagonal barge-type platform was chosen for investigation of its suitability in this study. A counterweight suspension system was used to improve stability and avoid pitch resonance. Meanwhile, an octagonal barge platform carrying the NREL-5MW offshore wind turbine was designed. It uses SolidWorks for modeling, Ansys AQWA for hydrodynamic calculations, and Orcina OrcaFlex for wind/wave/current coupling dynamic analysis. Key research results include optimizing the counterweight suspension system and ensuring compliance with Det Norske Veritas (DNV) regulations, covering Ultimate Limit States (ULSs), Accidental Limit States (ALS)s, Serviceability Limit States (SLSs), and Fatigue Limit States (FLSs). Thus, the major inspections include platform motions, mooring line tension, and suspension system tension during turbine operation and parking. Comparisons are made with and without the counterweight suspension system.
Cinnamon Improves Glycated Haemoglobin and Body Mass Index, but Not Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Ojo Omorogieva , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Oshungade Omotayo Rebecca , Joshua Beverly
Published: January 2025

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is increasingly becoming a critical healthcare priority globally. Medical interventions are primary strategies for managing diabetes, but more recently, diet/nutrition therapy, including the use of functional food products such as cinnamon and/or cinnamon products, has garnered considerable attention. The focus of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine whether cinnamon improves blood glucose parameters, body mass index, and inflammatory markers in people with T2DM. Method: PRISMA and PICOS frameworks were used for the review. EBSCOhost was used to search for relevant literature in health science research databases, while EMBASE and reference lists were used to access other relevant articles. Results: For systematic review and meta-analysis, 14 and 12 studies, respectively, were included (five from Iran, two each from the USA and India, and one each from the UK, China, Germany, Portugal, and Iraq). All participants had T2DM with ages ranging from ≥30–65 years. The effect of cinnamon on glycaemic control and other parameters did not follow a regular pattern. Effect on HbA1c (nine studies and 605 participants; MD of −0.07 (95% CI, −0.13, −0.01, p = 0.02), postprandial blood glucose (PBG) and BMI showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions. However, cinnamon exhibited no significant (p > 0.05) impact on FBG (MD of −1.73 (95% CI, −3.98, 0.52, p = 0.13), CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in people with T2D; neither did the sensitivity test reveal any change in relation to these parameters. Conclusions: Cinnamon or cinnamon extracts/products are significantly effective in diabetes management through reduction in HbA1c, PBG, and BMI.
Influence of Limestone Dust on PV Panel Efficiency in a Small Solar Park in Bulgaria
Authors: Zlateva Penka , Terziev Angel , Yordanov Krastin , Ivanov Martin , Stankov Borislav
Published: January 2025

The presented paper analyzes the impact of limestone dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) panel performance, focusing on the specific surrounding conditions near quarries. The results from the performed field measurements show that high concentrations of limestone dust accumulate significantly faster in these areas, and a hard layer is formed in the presence of moisture. This layer of dust is resistant to removal, even in moderate precipitation and winds with speeds between 6 and 9 m/s, making it a significant problem for the long-term performance of the systems. The analysis revealed that the lack of systematic cleaning of the panels leads to a drop in efficiency of over 20%, with this loss pointedly limiting the return on investment. This study highlights the need for innovative maintenance approaches, such as regular cleaning, use of special coatings and adapting designs to specific environmental conditions. This is essential for the development of strategies to manage, maintain and improve PV systems in areas with high levels of dust pollution.
Estimating Regional Forest Carbon Density Using Remote Sensing and Geographically Weighted Random Forest Models: A Case Study of Mid- to High-Latitude Forests in China
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Wei Geran , Wang Yang , Wang Bin , Quan Ying , Wu Zechuan , Liu Jianyang , Bian Shaojie , Li Mingze , Fan Wenyi , Dai Yuxuan
Published: January 2025

In the realm of global climate change and environmental protection, the precise estimation of forest ecosystem carbon density is essential for devising effective carbon management and emission reduction strategies. This study employed forest inventory, soil carbon, and remote sensing data combined with three models—Random Forest (RF), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and the innovative Geographically Weighted Random Forest (GWRF) model—integrated with remote sensing technology to develop a framework for assessing the regional spatial distribution of the forest vegetation carbon density (FVC) and forest soil carbon density (FSC). The findings revealed that the GWRF model outperformed the other models in estimating both the FVC and FSC. The data indicated that the FVC in Heilongjiang Province ranged from 4.91 t/ha to 72.39 t/ha, with an average of 40.88 t/ha. In contrast, the average FSC was 182.29 t/ha, with a range of 96.01 t/ha to 255.09 t/ha. Additionally, the forest ecosystem carbon density (FEC) varied from 124.36 t/ha to 302.18 t/ha, averaging 223.17 t/ha. Spatially, the FVC, FSC, and FEC exhibited a consistent growth trend from north to south. The results of this study demonstrate that machine learning models that consider spatial relationships can improve predictive accuracy, providing valuable insights for the future spatial modeling of forest carbon storage.
Tissue Expression and Characterization of Eogystia hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Odorant Receptors
Authors: Chen Chunyan , Niu Yiming , Zhang Sainan , Liu Sanhe , Lin Xiangbo , Zong Shixiang , Tao Jing
Published: January 2025

Eogystia hippophaecolus (Hua, Chou, Fang et Chen) is a drilling pest that damages sea buckthorn, leading to substantial ecological and economic losses in areas where sea buckthorn is cultivated in China. Pheromone lures are widely used to monitor and trap male moths; however, the olfactory recognition mechanisms in male moths require further investigation. In this study, we characterized odorant receptor genes using phylogenetics, gene expression, sequence analyses and molecular docking. A phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method revealed that odorant receptor co-receptor (EhipOrco) genes clustered with other lepidopteran Orco genes, while pheromone receptor (EhipPR) genes clustered with other lepidopteran PR genes, suggesting that these genes have similar functions. The expression levels of 27 odorant receptor (EhipOR) genes in five tissues of male adults were analyzed using qPCR. Nine EhipOR genes were specifically expressed in the antennae, while several EhipOR genes were highly expressed in the head, feet, and external genitalia. As determined using molecular docking, EhipPR1–3 bound strongly to the primary sex pheromone components of E. hippophaecolus. Additionally, EhipPR1–3 demonstrated a strong binding affinity for longifolene among sea buckthorn volatiles. This study provides a foundation for future functional research on EhipORs and the olfactory recognition mechanisms of E. hippophaecolus.
Research on Urban Forest Park Management Based on Recreation Concept
Authors: Li Ximei , Chen Mingzhu , Qin Yi , Yang Yi , Liao Xiaoyu , Gao Chunyu , Zhao Junjing , Huang Xin , Li Zhi
Published: January 2025

Under the fast-paced urban lifestyle, many urban residents suffer from sub-health. Forest-based health and wellness tourism is an effective way to relieve psychological and physiological stress. Urban forest parks play a key role in urban construction. However, the management of many urban forest parks is still unreasonable, so the economic, social, and ecological benefits of these parks cannot be continuously utilized. In order to manage the urban forest parks from the perspective of health and wellness, three categories of indicators, namely visual sensitivity, forest characteristics, and soil properties, were selected to evaluate the state of forest park management through a case study in Zhengzhou, China. Quadratic investigation methods, analytic hierarchy process, and single-factor analysis were used. The results showed that the park can be divided into four management levels: functional area, management area, management type, and forest subcompartment. Specifically, 4 functional areas, 16 management areas, 31 management types, and 38 forest subcompartments were identified based on the evaluation results. Future management strategies were proposed for each management level accordingly. Our study provided a reference for multi-functional and multi-level forest park management and is helpful to the utilization and development of urban forest health functions.
Research on the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Forest Carbon Sink Increment—Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Production Theoretical Decomposition Model
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhou Shihe , Huang Yan
Published: January 2025

Forest carbon sinks play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change and enhancing ecological sustainability. This study utilizes the production theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA) model to develop a decomposition framework for analyzing the drivers of input–output dynamics within the forest carbon sink system. The study specifically focuses on plant diseases and insect pests as undesirable output indicators. We thoroughly analyzed the development and increment in forest carbon sinks across Chinese provinces and regions from 2010 to 2021, along with the key drivers influencing these changes. Policy recommendations are provided to enhance the scientific management of forest carbon sinks and promote sustainable development. The study results indicate the following: (1) Forest carbon sinks in China and its three major regions have increased annually, with dynamic fluctuations in the carbon sink increments. The overall center of gravity has shifted from southwest to northeast. (2) The rate of change in forest carbon sinks varies across provinces and regions, with 93.548% of provinces and all three major regions showing positive growth. The rate of change in forest carbon sinks in the eastern region is significantly higher than in the western and central regions; (3) Technological changes in carbon sinks positively impacted forest carbon sink enhancement across all provinces and regions of China. However, changes in the technical efficiency of carbon sinks had a significant negative effect, and the intensity of plant diseases and insect pests may become a key driver inhibiting future forest carbon sink enhancement.
The Effect of Mixed Plantations on Chinese Fir Productivity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mo Xiaofan , Lu Jiayu , Lin Junjie , Huo Changfu , Zhang Weidong
Published: January 2025

Mixed plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is an effective artificial forest management for tree productivity. However, the mixing strategies, site conditions, and subsurface properties that affect tree productivity are not yet fully understood. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 96 publications to consolidate insights on the effects of mixing strategies (e.g., planting density, mixing proportion, mixed species, and tree age), site conditions (e.g., mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), elevation, and total nitrogen (TN) or total phosphorus (TP) of sample sites), and subsurface properties (e.g., soil characteristics, microbial communities, and extracellular enzyme activity) on tree height, diameter at breast height, and individual volume of Chinese fir. We used the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for searching peer-reviewed papers, and the searching words were: (“Cunninghamia lanceolata” OR “Chinese fir”) AND “mix*”. Following the data screening process, the natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR) was computed for subsequent analysis. The results showed that introduced companion species generally increased the individual volume of Chinese fir by an average of 20%. Densities ranging from 1200 to 2000 trees per hectare and moderate mixing proportions (1:1 to 3:1) optimized individual tree growth and thereby boosted productivity. Broadleaf species may be beneficial companions, and trees aged 10 to 20 years grew fastest. At sites with low MAT and high MAP, mixed plantations enhanced the tree productivity of Chinese fir. The optimal elevation range for mixed plantations may be 200 to 600 m. Further, mixed plantations significantly changed soil properties by improving soil structure, increasing soil pH and soil water content, and soil total and available N and P, which were crucial for boosting the productivity of Chinese fir. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were also significantly increased by mixed plantations. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of mixing strategies and site conditions in increasing tree productivity of Chinese fir by improving soil physicochemical characteristics, increasing resource availability, and reducing interspecific and intraspecific competition through niche separation.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Clonality of Hippophae tibetana at Different Altitudes in Alpine Meadows of the Eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wan Yongkuan , Ding Nana , Tian Tingting , Sun Kun , Fan Baoli
Published: January 2025

Dioecious plants have different needs for natural resources due to sex differences, which can lead to skewed sex ratios. Clonal growth facilitates and optimizes resources of clonal plants. So, dioecious plants show inter-sex differences in clonality. However, it is unclear how the clonality varies between female and male plants when they exhibit skewed sex ratios along an altitudinal gradient. Here, we investigated the sex ratio and clonality of Hippophae tibetana populations growing at three altitudes in the alpine meadow. We founded that (i) H. tibetana growing at different altitudes mainly consisted of II and III age classes, with a significantly male-biased sex ratio observed at a low altitude, a female-biased ratio at a middle altitude, and no significant sex-bias in the population at a high altitude. (ii) The population distribution was generally random at both low and high altitudes, while clustered at middle altitudes with an increasing scale. Meanwhile, the male and female populations at a low altitude showed a negative correlation, while the male and female at a middle altitude only showed a negative correlation at a 0–0.5 m scale, and spatial independence with increasing scales. (iii) Females of H. tibetana had a strong clonal capacity than male plants at a middle altitude, while the opposite was observed at a low altitude. The number of males of H. tibetana growing at a low altitude and with higher clonal diversity were higher than females at mid altitude. Our findings will contribute to the understanding of the sexual dimorphism exhibited by dioecious plants as well as the importance of a clonal adaptation in response to environmental change.
The Potential of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Hemiboreal Baltic Region: A Review
Authors: Liepiņš Kaspars , Bleive Alise
Published: January 2025

As European forests face increasing threats from climate change and disturbances, diversifying tree species can be a crucial strategy to safeguard their ecological functions and climate mitigation potential. European beech is a valuable tree species with a wide distribution across Central and Western Europe. While the current natural distribution of European beech does not extend to the Baltic states, climate change models indicate a potential northward range expansion. This suggests the possibility of introducing beech to Baltic forests as a proactive measure to enhance the future resilience of local forests to climate variability. Beech’s ability to adapt to changing climate conditions, coupled with its potential to enhance biodiversity and provide high-quality timber, makes it an attractive option for forest managers. However, successful establishment and growth of beech in the Baltic region will depend on various factors, including competition with native species, soil conditions, and microclimate. Beech stands in southwestern Lithuania and Latvia, originating from diverse European populations, demonstrate good adaptation. Despite fragmentation, they can serve as sources for beech expansion. However, assisted migration may be crucial to support natural regeneration and ensure the species’ long-term viability in the region. To fully assess the potential benefits and risks of beech introduction, further research is needed to understand its ecological interactions with local species and its response to specific site conditions. By carefully considering these factors, forest managers can develop effective strategies to promote beech’s establishment and growth, ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of Baltic forests in the face of climate change.
Is It Possible to Produce Meat Without Animals? The Potential of Microorganisms as Protein Sources
Authors: D’Almeida Alan Portal , de Albuquerque Tiago Lima
Published: January 2025

Climate change and environmental impacts from greenhouse gas emissions have spurred on efforts to reduce these emissions. Meat production, especially from cattle, is a significant contributor, releasing methane—a greenhouse gas far more potent than CO2—and driving deforestation for pastureland. As a sustainable alternative, Single-Cell Protein (SCP), derived from microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, and algae, offers high nutritional value with a lower environmental impact. SCP production has advanced through process optimization, the use of eco-friendly substrates such as agro-industrial and food waste, and the cultivation of safe microorganisms classified as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS). Innovations in flavor and texture, including the use of myoglobin and natural polymers to mimic meat properties, have further improved SCP’s appeal. Despite these advances, challenges remain in optimizing production parameters, enhancing sensory acceptance, and ensuring regulatory compliance for market introduction. This review explores the potential of SCP to serve as a sustainable protein source, addressing both environmental concerns and nutritional demands. It highlights recent advancements in production techniques and sensory improvements while discussing their role in environmentally friendly and health-conscious food systems. SCP stands out as a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, offering an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources.
The Impact of Fermented Quinoa Sourdough with Enterococcus Strains on the Nutritional, Textural, and Sensorial Features of Gluten-Free Muffins
Authors: Sakoui Souraya , Derdak Reda , Jouga Fatimazahra , Dagni Amal , Pop Oana Lelia , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Teleky Bernadette-Emőke , Chis Maria Simona , Pop Carmen Rodica , Stan Laura , Ranga Floricuta , Suharoschi Ramona , Soukri Abdelaziz , El Khalfi Bouchra
Published: January 2025

Gluten-free baked goods exhibit reduced texture and taste characteristics compared to their gluten-containing counterparts. As a result, there is a renewed interest in the fermentation of gluten-free cereals with lactic acid bacteria, which is associated with an improvement in the final baked goods. Quinoa is garnering growing attention due to its different nutrients and bioactive substances, and it is notably employed to build gluten-free goods. In the present study, quinoa flour was fermented with Enterococcus strains (E. gallinarum SL2 and E. mundtii SL1), and further used in the manufacturing of gluten-free muffins. Several analyses were performed on the obtained sourdoughs and muffins, including a viscosity study, a textural and sensory analysis, and a polyphenol, organic acid, and carbohydrate content analysis. The results showed that the fermented quinoa flour exhibited enhanced nutritional value, with increased levels of organic acids such as lactic and acetic acid, as well as improved polyphenol content. The sensory and textural analyses revealed that both Enterococcus strains positively impacted the sensory characteristics and texture of the muffins. Notably, muffins prepared with E. mundtii SL1 demonstrated superior elasticity and overall taste. These results suggest that fermentation with these strains can significantly improve the nutritional profile and sensory quality of gluten-free baked goods, offering a promising approach for the development of healthier and more appealing gluten-free products.
Microencapsulation of Deer Oil in Soy Protein Isolate–Chitosan Complex Coacervate—Preparation, Characterization, and Simulated Digestion
Authors: Li Hongyan , Zong Ying , Chen Weijia , Zhao Yan , Geng Jianan , He Zhongmei , Du Rui
Published: January 2025

Deer oil (DO) is a potentially beneficial functional oil; however, its sensitivity to environmental factors (e.g., oxygen and heat), difficulty in transport, and unfavorable taste hinder practical use. In this study, DO was encapsulated through the cohesive action of soy protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS). The optimal preparation conditions yielded microcapsules with DO’s highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (85.28 ± 1.308%) at an SPI/CS mixing ratio of 6:1 and a core-to-wall ratio of 1:2 at pH 6. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to examine the microcapsules’ structure, showing intact surfaces and effective encapsulation of oil droplets through SPI/CS composite coalescence. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the electrostatic interplay between SPI and CS was verified during the merging process. At room temperature, the microcapsules resisted core oxidation by reducing gas permeation. In vitro simulated digestion results indicated the microcapsules achieved a slow and sustained release of DO in the intestinal tract. This study further expands the application scope of deer oil and promotes the development of deer oil preparations and functional foods.