bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevotella copri is associated with carboplatin-induced gut toxicity
Authors: Yu Chaoheng , Zhou Bailing , Xia Xuyang , Chen Shuang , Deng Yun , Wang Yantai , Wu Lei , Tian Yaomei , Zhao Binyan , Xu Heng , Yang Li
Published: September 2019

As a widely used cancer drug, carboplatin often results in serious side effects, such as gut toxicity. In this study, we examined the effects of gut microbiota on mice with carboplatin-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Carboplatin resulted in intestinal mucositis, as indicated by weight loss, diarrhoea, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. It markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in intestine. Carboplatin also altered the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. A significantly higher abundance of Prevotella copri (P. copri) was observed in carboplatin-treated mice. Moreover, the content of P. copri was positively correlated with the severity of intestinal mucositis. Pretreatment with metronidazole reduced the content of P. copri and relieved the intestinal mucosal injury and inflammation that was induced by carboplatin. Further study revealed that supplementation with P. copri in carboplatin-treated mice resulted in more severe tissue damage, lower tight junction protein expression and higher cytokine expression, and it enhanced both local and systemic immune responses. These data demonstrated that P. copri was involved in the pathological process of carboplatin-induced intestinal mucositis, suggesting a potential attenuation of carboplatin-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting P. copri.
Targeting a moonlighting function of aldolase induces apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Gizak Agnieszka , Wiśniewski Janusz , Heron Paul , Mamczur Piotr , Sygusch Jurgen , Rakus Dariusz
Published: September 2019

Muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOA) is among the most abundant glycolytic enzymes in all cancer cells. Here, we show that the enzyme plays a previously unknown and critical role in a cancer cell survival. Simultaneous inhibition of ALDOA activity and interaction with F-actin cytoskeleton using ALDOA slow-binding inhibitor UM0112176 leads to a rapid cofilin-dependent loss of F-actin stress fibers which is associated with elevated ROS production, inhibition of ATP synthesis, increase in calcium levels, caspase activation and arrested cellular proliferation. These effects can be reproduced by silencing of ALDOA. The mechanism of pharmacological action is, however, independent of the catalytic function of the enzyme, specific to cancer cells, and is most deleterious to cells undergoing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a process facilitating cancer cell invasion. Our results demonstrate that the overabundance of ALDOA in cancer cells is associated with its moonlighting rather than catalytic functions. This may have significant implications for development of novel broad-based anti-cancer therapies.
An anti-CD103 antibody-drug conjugate prolongs the survival of pancreatic islet allografts in mice
Authors: Xue Da , Liu Pili , Chen Wangming , Zhang Chi , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2019

CD103 mediates T-cell infiltration and organ allograft rejection, and depletion of CD103-expressing cells is a promising therapeutic strategy for allograft intolerance. Recently, we verified that M290-MC-MMAF, an anti-CD103 antibody-drug conjugate, potently eliminates CD103-positive cells in vivo, with high specificity and minimal toxicity. However, the contribution of M290-MC-MMAF to blocking the CD103/E-cadherin pathway involved in transplant rejection remains unclear. Herein, we examined the impact of systemic administration of M290-MC-MMAF on allografts in an islet transplantation model. M290-MC-MMAF treatment maintained the long-term survival of islet allografts (>60 days) compared to mock injection or unconjugated M290 antibody treatment (<18 days). The change was associated with a decrease in CD103+CD8+effector T cells and an increase in CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells. CD103+CD8+effector T-cell transfer or CD4+CD25+regulatory T-cell depletion resulted in a rapid loss of allografts in long-surviving islet hosts. Moreover, M290-MC-MMAF treatment reduced IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels and increased IL-10 expression in the grafts, which presented an immunosuppressive cytokine profile. In conclusion, targeting CD103 with M290-MC-MMAF induced immunosuppression and prolonged the survival of pancreatic islet allografts in mice, indicating the potential clinical value of M290-MC-MMAF in therapeutic interventions for allograft rejection.
Publisher Correction: Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals
Authors: Hojjatzadeh S. Mohammad H. , Parab Niranjan D. , Yan Wentao , Guo Qilin , Xiong Lianghua , Zhao Cang , Qu Minglei , Escano Luis I. , Xiao Xianghui , Fezzaa Kamel , Everhart Wes , Sun Tao , Chen Lianyi
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Free-space transfer of comb-rooted optical frequencies over an 18 km open-air link
Authors: Kang Hyun Jay , Yang Jaewon , Chun Byung Jae , Jang Heesuk , Kim Byung Soo , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Seung-Woo
Published: September 2019

Phase-coherent transfer of optical frequencies over a long distance is required for diverse photonic applications, including optical clock dissemination and physical constants measurement. Several demonstrations were made successfully over fiber networks, but not much work has been done yet through the open air where atmospheric turbulence prevails. Here, we use an 18 km outdoor link to transmit multiple optical carriers extracted directly from a frequency comb of a 4.2 THz spectral width. In stabilization to a high-finesse cavity with a 1.5 Hz linewidth, the comb-rooted optical carriers are simultaneously transferred with collective suppression of atmospheric phase noise to −80 dBc Hz−1. Microwaves are also delivered by pairing two separate optical carriers bound with inter-comb-mode coherence, for example a 10 GHz signal with phase noise of −105 dBc Hz−1 at 1 Hz offset. Lastly, an add-on demonstration is given for multi-channel coherent optical communications with the potential of multi-Tbps data transmission in free space.
Anchoring Cu1 species over nanodiamond-graphene for semi-hydrogenation of acetylene
Authors: Huang Fei , Deng Yuchen , Chen Yunlei , Cai Xiangbin , Peng Mi , Jia Zhimin , Xie Jinglin , Xiao Dequan , Wen Xiaodong , Wang Ning , Jiang Zheng , Liu Hongyang , Ma Ding
Published: September 2019

The design of cheap, non-toxic, and earth-abundant transition metal catalysts for selective hydrogenation of alkynes remains a challenge in both industry and academia. Here, we report a new atomically dispersed copper (Cu) catalyst supported on a defective nanodiamond-graphene (ND@G), which exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the selective conversion of acetylene to ethylene, i.e., with high conversion (95%), high selectivity (98%), and good stability (for more than 60 h). The unique structural feature of the Cu atoms anchored over graphene through Cu-C bonds ensures the effective activation of acetylene and easy desorption of ethylene, which is the key for the outstanding activity and selectivity of the catalyst.
Molecular Profiles and Metastasis Markers in Chinese Patients with Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Shi Chunmei , Huang Xiaochun , Zheng Jianwei , Zhu Zhongyi , Li Qiaolian , Qiu Si , Huang Zhiqing , Zhuang Zhenkun , Wu Riping , Liu Panhong , Wu Fan , Lin Shanyun , Li Bo , Zhang Xiuqing , Chen Qiang
Published: September 2019

The goal of this work was to investigate the molecular profiles and metastasis markers in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). In total, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 74 GC patients with tumor and adjacent normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The mutation spectrum of these samples showed a high concordance with TCGA and other studies on GC. PTPRT is significantly associated with metastasis of GC, suggesting its predictive role in metastasis of GC. Patients carrying BRCA2 mutations tend not to metastasize, which may be related to their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mutations in MACF1, CDC27, HMCN1, CDH1 and PDZD2 were moderately enriched in peritoneal metastasis (PM) samples. Furthermore, we found two genomic regions (1p36.21 and Xq26.3) were associated with PM of GC, and patients with amplification of 1p36.21 and Xq26.3 have a worse prognosis (P = 0.002, 0.01, respectively). Our analysis provides GC patients with potential markers for single and combination therapies.
Modular network for high-rate quantum conferencing
Authors: Ottaviani Carlo , Lupo Cosmo , Laurenza Riccardo , Pirandola Stefano
Published: September 2019

One of the main open problems in quantum communication is the design of efficient quantum-secured networks. This is a challenging goal, because it requires protocols that guarantee both unconditional security and high communication rates, while increasing the number of users. In this scenario, continuous-variable systems provide an ideal platform where high rates can be achieved by using off-the-shelf optical components. At the same time, the measurement-device independent architecture is also appealing for its feature of removing a substantial portion of practical weaknesses. Driven by these ideas, here we introduce a modular design of continuous-variable network where each individual module is a measurement-device-independent star network. In each module, the users send modulated coherent states to an untrusted relay, creating multipartite secret correlations via a generalized Bell detection. Using one-time pad between different modules, the network users may share a quantum-secure conference key over arbitrary distances at constant rate.
Decorating protein hydrogels reversibly enables dynamic presentation and release of functional protein ligands on protein hydrogels
Authors: Wang Ruidi , Fu Linglan , Liu Junqiu , Li Hongbin
Published: September 2019

Utilizing protein fragment reconstitution, we demonstrate the reversible and repeatable functionalization of protein hydrogels.
Revealing the critical role of template functional group ordering in the template-directed crystallization of pyrazinamide
Authors: Zhang Keke , Xu Shijie , Gong Junbo , Tang Weiwei
Published: September 2019

The nucleation of γ form pyrazinamide can be directed by the ordering and specific orientation of the template functional groups.
Glass polymorphism and liquid–liquid phase transition in aqueous solutions: experiments and computer simulations
Authors: Bachler Johannes , Handle Philip H. , Giovambattista Nicolas , Loerting Thomas
Published: September 2019

Water is an intriguing substance. It shows sharp and reversible transitions between amorphous ices and, possibly, a liquid–liquid phase transition. Here, we discuss how this behavior is altered by the addition of solutes, such as salts and alcohols.
Free volume and dynamics in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Gironi Beatrice , Lapini Andrea , Ragnoni Elena , Calvagna Chiara , Paolantoni Marco , Morresi Assunta , Sassi Paola
Published: September 2019

The free volume distribution and the picosecond dynamics inside a model lipid membrane are explored in a wide temperature range and at different solvating conditions.
A combined experimental and computational study on the reaction dynamics of the 1-propynyl radical (CH3CC; X2A1) with ethylene (H2CCH2; X1A1g) and the formation of 1-penten-3-yne (CH2CHCCCH3; X1A′)
Authors: He Chao , Zhao Long , Thomas Aaron M. , Galimova Galiya R. , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: September 2019

Center-of-mass velocity flux contour maps for the reactions of 1-propynyl with ethylene for the atomic hydrogen loss leading to 1-penten-3-yne.
Combining proton and silaborane-based superhalogen anions – an effective route to new superacids as verified via systematic DFT calculations
Authors: Luo Lan , Zhou Fu-Qiang , Zhao Ru-Fang , Li Jin-Feng , Wu Lin-Yu , Li Jian-Li , Yin Bing
Published: September 2019

Based on systematic DFT calculations, silaborane-based superhalogen anions, which obey the Wade–Mingos rule, are shown to be capable of giving rise to superacids via their combination with protons.
Surface modification of porous g-C3N4materials using a waste product for enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light
Authors: Jiang Tengyao , Liu Sijia , Gao Yangyan , Rony Asif H. , Fan Maohong , Tan Gang
Published: September 2019

A biomass-derived C3N4material is developed for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light.
High conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates under solvent free and ambient pressure conditions by a Fe-cyanide complex
Authors: Jiang Pengbo , Ma Lei , Wang Kaizhi , Lan Kai , Zhan Zhenzhen , Iqbal Anam , Niu Fang , Li Rong
Published: September 2019

Methods of converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals are of great demand but their development is still challenging.
A novel fluorescence method for the highly sensitive detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase based on polydopamine nanotubes
Authors: Shen Xue-Ping , Ge Jia , Chen Juan , Shen Yan-Mei , Meng Hong-Min , Li Zhao-Hui , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: September 2019

A novel fluorescence method has been developed for the detection of T4 PNK using FRET between dye-labeled ssDNA and PDANTs.
Diamond nano-optode for fluorescent measurements of pH and temperature
Authors: Raabova Helena , Chvatil David , Cigler Petr
Published: September 2019

Nano-optodes with a diamond core coated with a double stimuli-responsive polymeric shell reversibly respond to pH and temperature changes.
Monolayer MBenes: prediction of anode materials for high-performance lithium/sodium ion batteries
Authors: Jia Jun , Li BiJun , Duan Shengquan , Cui Zhao , Gao Hongtao
Published: September 2019

The design and fabrication of new high-performance electrode materials are critical for driving the development of next-generation energy conversion and energy storage devices.
High throughput production of single-wall carbon nanotube fibres independent of sulfur-source
Authors: Kaniyoor Adarsh , Bulmer John , Gspann Thurid , Mizen Jenifer , Ryley James , Kiley Patrick , Terrones Jeronimo , Miranda-Reyes Cesar , Divitini Giorgio , Sparkes Martin , O'Neill Bill , Windle Alan , Elliott James A.
Published: September 2019

Rapidly jetting precursors in floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition produces monodisperse, metallic single-wall carbon nanotube fibres, irrespective of sulfur source.
Layered Ti3C2 MXene modified two-dimensional Bi2WO6 composites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhao Danxia , Cai Chun
Published: September 2019

A schematic of photodegradation and the possible reaction mechanism for the Bi2WO6/Ti3C2 system under visible-light irradiation.
Development of a DUB-selective fluorogenic substrate
Authors: Gjonaj Lorina , Sapmaz Aysegul , Flierman Dennis , Janssen George M. C. , van Veelen Peter A. , Ovaa Huib
Published: September 2019

Developing USP16-selective ubiquitin-based reagents to study USP16 and its related biology.
Liquorpunktion – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Siedler Gabriela , Kallmünzer Bernd , Schwab Stefan
Published: September 2019

Performing a diagnostic lumbar puncture is an essential clinical skill for the clinician. The procedure is of high importance for both, the emergency care for patients with suspected infection of the cerebral nervous system or subarachnoidal hemorrhage, as well as the elective diagnostic work up of chronic disease including multiple sclerosis and dementia. Furthermore the technique’s principles are applied for spinal anesthesia or the intrathecal administration of drugs. This article describes a Standard Operating Procedure for the lumbar puncture step by step. Based on the latest evidence, it particularly focusses on clinically relevant questions and practical aspects.
Community Service as Patientsʼ Tutor to Avoid Delirium
Authors: Prokop Axel , Reinauer Karl Michael , Koebler Manfred , Schwerb Erna , Keller Lisa , Chmielnicki Marc
Published: September 2019

Background Today, nearly two thirds of inpatients in trauma surgery hospitals are over 70 years old and at significant risk for comorbidities. These patients frequently suffer delirium. Delirium occurs in 15 – 30% of these trauma patients and increases the risk of mortality in up to 15 – 25% of cases. Conversation, attention, and activity significantly reduce this risk.

Objectives Thus, the Centre for Geriatric Traumatology and the District Seniors Council have initiated a new project of a visiting service, to prevent delirium and anxiety conditions in elderly inpatients. Volunteers from the welfare program offer daily care for selected patients.

Methods They care for and interact with the patients for approximately one hour per day. They accompany the patients in the hospital and during mobilization, explain, read aloud, converse, or simply listen, and thus provide calm, support, and company. The attendants are volunteers who have been previously trained by the clinic, who regularly attend team meetings and draw up reports from each admission. All patients and relatives are informed prior to these visits and are notified with an accompanying letter. There are structured visiting plans for each week.

Results From July 17 to May 19, 4031 patients in our clinic and in three other hospitals have been accompanied in the program. None of the patients suffered delirium. The patients and attendants found the care very good and personally satisfying. Evaluations of the volunteers for the success of their work, using the German school-grading system, was an average 1.3. Noticeable was the markedly reduced frequency of patient calls to nursing, who were thus relieved. Travel expenses and insurance costs for the volunteers were reimbursed.

Conclusion In times of skilled labour shortages, patient support provided by volunteer patient attendants enables innovative care for patients at risk for delirium. The assistance of the attendants alone reduced the workload on the nursing staff.
Ohne Vertrauen ist alles nichts!
Authors: Schön Wolfram
Published: September 2019

Vertrauen ist die große Bekannte und zugleich die große Unbekannte in unserem Leben.
Vertrauen ist etwas, was jeder kennt und jeder schätzt. Und doch ist Vertrauen
schwer zu fassen, denn es gibt keine klare Definition. Man spricht daher nicht
selten über positive Auswirkungen oder benennt negative Folgen. Letzteres meist,
wenn Misstrauen die zwischenmenschliche Bühne betritt.
„Von Motivation und Sortierschachteln“
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: September 2019

Jeder Mensch tickt anders – zum Glück. Im Team macht es das aber manchmal
besonders schwierig. Hier einige Tipps, wie Sie die Unterschiede Ihrer
Mitarbeiter erkennen und diese entsprechend einsetzen können.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido[3,2-c]coumarins via Silver Nitrate Catalyzed Cycloisomerization and Application to the First Synthesis of Polyneomarline C
Authors: Yoon Jeong A , Han Young Taek
Published: September 2019

Herein, we report an efficient method for the synthesis of the pyrido[3,2-c]coumarin scaffold, one of the privileged heterocycle-fused coumarin scaffolds, via a AgNO3-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 4-(propynylamino)coumarins obtained from diverse 4-hydroxycoumarins. This concise method affords pyrido[3,2-c]coumarin analogues bearing diverse substituents on the benzene or pyridine ring in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this methodology was extended to the facile synthesis of polyneomarline C, a natural pyrido[3,2-c]coumarin derivative isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Polyalthia nemoralis A. DC., in three steps and in 26% overall yield from the known 4-hydroxycoumarin.
A Histological and Clinical Evaluation of Plasma as a Graft Holding Solution and Its Efficacy in Terms of Hair Growth and Graft Survival
Authors: Garg Anil Kumar , Garg Seema
Published: September 2019

Background There is a time lag between hair follicle harvesting and implantation, during this time hair follicles suffer ischemic injury. We need a holding medium or a solution to minimize or neutralize ischemic injury.

Aims and Objective To evaluate plasma as a graft holding solution in terms of its efficacy in hair growth and hair graft survival.

Method and Material A split scalp study was performed. The left side was designated as the control area (Group A) where grafts implanted were kept in Ringer’s lactate, and the right side behaved as the test area (Group B) and received grafts preserved in autologous plasma. The p-value was calculated.

Observations MTT staining for grafts stored in Ringer’s lactate at 12 and 72 hours showed poor hair follicle cells’ survival while grafts kept in plasma showed viable cells even after 72 hours.

The hair count and density in plasma group were significantly higher than those in the Ringer’s lactate group. There was an improvement in hair thickness in both groups from 6 months to 12 months.

Conclusion Autologous plasma is an easily available graft holding solution. Platelets along with the plasma provide multiple growth factors promoting epithelialization, neovascularization, and action on hair follicle stem cells to improve growth. The fibrin coating around the graft makes it sticky and prevents dehydration. The split scalp controlled study certainly shows the advantages of using plasma over other extra cellular graft holding solutions.
Effect of In-Office Bleaching on Color and Surface Roughness of Composite Restoratives
Authors: Hafez Randa , Ahmed Doa , Yousry Mai , El-Badrawy Wafa , El-Mowafy Omar
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine color changes and surface roughness of composites when they were subjected to in-office bleaching.

Methods: 12 discs 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were prepared from two shades (A2 & A4) of two composites, Durafil VS (DF) and TPH3 (TPH). Specimens were polished and stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before being subjected to bleaching, staining, and re-bleaching. Each of the groups of specimens (DF-A2, DF-A4, TPH-A2 and TPH-A4) were subdivided into three subgroups (n=4) and bleached with Beyond, LumaWhite-Plus, and Opalescence-Boost. Specimens were then stained by immersing them in a coffee solution for 48 hours at 37°C, and then they were re-bleached. Colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline, after bleaching, after staining, and after rebleaching. Surface roughness was determined with environmental SEM before and after bleaching. Data were statistically-analyzed.

Results: None of the bleaching systems notably changed the color of composites (delta-E<2). Coffee staining affected DF specimens more than TPH. Stained specimens showed variable responses to whitening with no significant color change observed with TPH (delta-E<2) and significant changes observed with DF. Surface roughness significantly changed with bleaching, but the degree varied according to composite shade and bleaching agent.

Conclusions: Three in-office bleaching agents had no significant color changes on two composites. DF showed more color change than TPH when immersed in coffee. Stained composites showed different degrees of whitening, with DF showing more response. Bleaching may adversely affect the surface texture of composites. Dentists should take into consideration that composite restorations may not respond to bleaching in the same way that natural teeth do. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:118-127)
Colour Stability of Veneering Composites after Accelerated Aging
Authors: Papadopoulos Triantafillos , Sarafianou Aspasia , Hatzikyriakos Andreas
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the colour stability of four indirect composite restorative materials after accelerated aging.

Methods: Four indirect composites (Gradia, Signum+, HFO and Adoro) were used. For each material, six specimens were prepared and subjected to accelerated aging (Suntest CPS+, Atlas, Chicago, IL, USA) according to ISO 7491. A Dr. Lange Microcolor Data Station colorimeter (Braive Instruments, Liege, Belgium) was used to measure specimen colour before and after aging. Measurements were performed according to the CIE L*a*b* system, and the mean L*, a* and b* values for each material were calculated. The equation ΔΕ = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]1/2 was used to measure the total colour change (ΔΕ), where ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* are the differences in the respective values before and after aging. One-way ANOVA were used to determine statistically significant differences in ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔΕ.

Results: No statistically significant differences were found in ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔΕ among the materials tested (PΔL*=.063; PΔa*=.521; PΔb*=.984 and PΔE=.408). After aging, Gradia specimens showed an increase in lightness (ΔL*=0.36) and a green-yellow shift (Δa*=-1.18, Δb*=0.6), while Signum+ specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (ΔL*=0.5) and a green-blue shift (Δa*=-0.9, Δb*=- 0.45). HFO specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (ΔL*=0.75) and a green-yellow shift (Δa*=- 1.3, Δb*=0.06), and Adoro specimens exhibited an increase in lightness (ΔL*=2.07) and a green-yellow shift (Δa*=-1.3, Δb*=0.68).

Conclusions: Colour changes were found to be within accepted values of perceptibility and clinical acceptance after accelerated aging, and no statistically significant differences were found in ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔΕ among the materials tested. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:137-142)
Periodontal Manifestations in a Patient with Haim-Munk Syndrome
Authors: Erciyas Kamile , Inaloz Serhat , Erciyas A. Fuat
Published: September 2019

Haim-Munk syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, aggressive periodontitis with severe alveolar bone destruction, onychogryphosis, pes planus, arachnodactyly, and acro-osteolysis. Consanguinity seems a notable prerequisite. The aim of this study was therefore to report one case of this syndrome and to focus on the periodontal manifestations, in order to attract the attention of dental clinicians to this rare anomaly. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:338-340)
Effectiveness of Two Methods for Preparation of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Nagata Maria J. H. , Messora Michel R. , Furlaneto Flávia A. C. , Fucini Stephen E. , Bosco Alvaro F. , Garcia Valdir G. , Deliberador Tatiana M. , de Melo Luiz G. N.
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity and quality of platelets in platelet- rich plasma (PRP) samples prepared using either the single- or the double-centrifugation protocol.

Methods: Ten adult white New Zealand rabbits were used. Ten ml of blood were drawn from each animal via cardiac puncture. Each blood sample was divided into two equal parts for PRP preparation: 5 ml of blood were centrifuged according to a single-centrifugation protocol (Group I), and 5 ml were centrifuged according to a double-centrifugation protocol (Group II). Manual platelet counts were performed on the whole blood and PRP samples of each group. Smears were also done on all samples in order to see the morphology of the platelets. The data obtained in the manual platelet count were submitted to statistical analysis (repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, P<.05).

Results: The average whole blood platelet count was 446,389/μl. The PRP samples in Group II presented an average platelet amount significantly higher than that of Group I (1,986,875 ± 685,020/μl and 781,875 ± 217,693/μl, respectively). The PRP smears from Group II were the only one to present platelets with altered morphology (75% of the smears). A few lymphocytes with increased cytoplasm were observed in the PRP smears of both Groups I (25% of the smears) and II (62.5% of the smears).

Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the double-centrifugation protocol resulted in higher platelet concentrations than did the single-centrifugation protocol. However, the double-centrifugation protocol caused alterations in platelet morphology and was more sensitive to small processing errors. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:395-402)
The Effect of Irradiation Distance on Microhardness of Resin Composites Cured with Different Light Curing Units
Authors: Cekic-Nagas Isil , Egilmez Ferhan , Ergun Gulfem
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the microhardness of five different resin composites at different irradiation distances (2 mm and 9 mm) by using three light curing units (quartz tungsten halogen, light emitting diodes and plasma arc).

Methods: A total of 210 disc-shaped samples (2 mm height and 6 mm diameter) were prepared from different resin composites (Simile, Aelite Aesthetic Enamel, Clearfil AP-X, Grandio caps and Filtek Z250). Photoactivation was performed by using quartz tungsten halogen, light emitting diode and plasma arc curing units at two irradiation distances (2 mm and 9 mm). Then the samples (n=7/ per group) were stored dry in dark at 37°C for 24 h. The Vickers hardness test was performed on the resin composite layer with a microhardness tester (Shimadzu HMV). Data were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the resin composite groups, the type of the light curing units and the irradiation distances have significant effects on the microhardness values (P<.05).

Conclusions: Light curing unit and irradiation distance are important factors to be considered for obtaining adequate microhardness of different resin composite groups. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:440-446)
Cephalometric Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway in Snoring and Non-Snoring Patients
Authors: Kurt Gokmen , Sisman Cemal , Akin Erol , Akcam Timur
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To compare the skeletal and the airway structures of the non-snoring individuals with simple snoring and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: The first group consisted of 20 simple snoring cases (mean age: 37.5±8.05 years; max: 50 years, min: 21 years), the second group consisted of 20 OSA cases (mean age: 40.0±8.28 years; max: 54 years, min: 27 years) and the third group consisted of 20 individuals without any respiration problems (mean age: 29.6±3.20 years; max: 35 years, min: 24 years). In the cephalometric films, 4 skeletal and 14 airway space measurements were done. The control group and the study groups were compared using the Dunnett t test, and the groups with snoring problems were compared using the Bonferroni test. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups in skeletal measurements. The OSA and simple snoring groups showed no significant differences in airway measurements. The OSA group showed significantly increased soft palate angulation when compared with the control group (P<.05). Soft palate length, soft palate thickness and soft palate height were significantly higher in the OSA samples than in the control group (P<.001). Pharyngeal spaces in the soft palate area had the significantly lowest values in the OSA group. Inferior pharyngeal space distances in the control group were greater than in both study groups. The OSA group showed the most inferiorly positioned hyoid bone and the difference between OSA and control groups was significant (P<.01). Conclusions: The decreased airway dimension in the soft palate area due to increased soft palate volume must be taken into consideration in treatment planning of OSA patients. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:84-88)
Using Composite Resin Inclined Plane for the Repositioning of a Laterally Luxated Primary Incisor: A Case Report
Authors: Arikan Volkan , Sari Saziye
Published: September 2019

This case report describes the repositioning of a laterally luxated primary central incisor with occlusal interference, using a composite inclined plane. The patient was a 4-year-old girl who applied to our clinic three days after the injury. Because of the time delay between injury and presentation, it was not possible to reposition the tooth with pressure. Following a root-canal treatment, an inclined plane was prepared on the lower primary incisors, using composite resin. The tooth was repositioned in two weeks, and the inclined plane was then removed. After 1 year of follow-up, the treatment was found to be successful, both clinically and radiographically. The use of a composite inclined plane, accompanied by careful follow-up, is an effective alternative to extraction for laterally luxated primary incisors with occlusal interference. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:117-120)
Natal and Neonatal Teeth: A Retrospective Study of 15 Cases
Authors: Basavanthappa Nagaveni N , Kagathur Umashankara , Basavanthappa Radhika N , Suryaprakash Satisha T
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To present 17 natal/neonatal teeth in 15 patients and describe their clinical characteristics, associated disorders, complications and treatment. Methods: A retrospective study of neonates who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, India, between 2003 and 2006 was carried out. It was a study of clinical data, such as the age and gender of the patients, the history and chief complaints of mothers, the clinical appearance and location of natal/neonatal teeth, and associated complications and treatments. Results: A total of 17 teeth (6 natal, 11 neonatal) were found in 15 patients. No significant gender predilection (8 male, 7 female) was found. Sixteen natal/neonatal teeth were placed in mandibular incisor area (10 on the right side and 6 on the left side) and one tooth in the maxillary incisor area. In 13 patients, the occurrence of natal/neonatal teeth was unilateral, and in 2 patients, it was bilateral. Three cases were associated with enamel hypoplasia, 3 cases with Riga-Fede disease, and 1 case with gingival hyperplasia. One case involved a patient with cleft lip and palate. Radiographic examination confirmed these teeth to be supernumerary, and all teeth exhibited hypermobility. Extraction had been done in all the cases. Eleven of the extracted teeth exhibited only rudimentary roots, and six teeth showed no roots. Conclusions: The occurrence of a natal/neonatal tooth is a rare phenomenon. When it occurs, the teeth have a variety of clinical characteristics and lead to different complications. Knowledge of the management of these structures is essential for the overall well being of a child. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:168-172)
Hardness, polymerization depth, and internal adaptation of Class II silorane composite restorations as a function of polymerization protocol
Authors: Bechtold Janaina , dos Santos Priscila Jaques , Anido-Anido Andrea , Hipólito Vinícius   Di , Alonso Roberta  Caroline Bruschi , D’Alpino Paulo  Henrique Perlatti
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of various photoactivation techniques on the internal gap, Knoop-hardness, and polymerization depth of silorane-and methacrylate-based composites in Class II restorations

Methods: Preparations were made in third molars (n = 10), according to composites (Filtek P60: methacrylate; Filtek P90: silorane) and photoactivation techniques (OC: occlusal photoactivation (control); OBL: occlusal+buccal+lingual photoactivation; and BLO: buccal+lingual+occlusal photoactivation (transdental)). Composites were inserted in two increments, both individually photoactivated for 20s. After 24h, specimens were sectioned and the ratio of internal gaps to interface length (%) recorded. Hardness was tested across the transversal section of restorations (1-4 mm below the surface)

Results: Silorane restorations showed significantly lower gaps compared with methacrylate, regardless of polymerization technique (P<.05). Supplementary energy dose in OBL and BLO protocols caused significant increase in gaps in silorane restorations (P<05). For methacrylate restorations, OBL activation caused significantly higher gap formation (P<.05). Significantly lower hardness values were seen for silorane than for methacrylate composites (P<.05), regardless of depth and photoactivation. Significantly higher hardness values were seen in BLO activation for methacrylate restorations compared with control (P<05); for silorane, no differences were observed. Significantly higher hardness values were observed at 1 and 3 mm compared to 2 and 4 mm for both composites

Conclusions: Internal gaps and hardness are affected by composite type and photoactivation. Despite the reduced values, hardness of silorane is not influenced by photoactivation or by depth. Internal gaps are dependent on the energy dose for both composites, with silorane showing lower internal gaps. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:133-140)
Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Prakash Prashanth , Subramaniam Priya , Durgesh B H , Konde Sapna
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a devastating form of dental decay with multi-factorial origin. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of ECC in preschool children of urban Bangalore (India)

Methods: A random sample of 1,500 children aged between 8 and 48 months were selected from various parts of urban Bangalore. The status of dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Information regarding oral hygiene practices, feeding habits, socio-economic status, birth weight, and educational status of the mother was obtained through a structured questionnaire given to mothers of preschool children. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 12

Results: The prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 27.5%, while the mean deft was 0.854. ECC increased significantly with age. Children whose mothers had no schooling and those who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence. A significant increase in caries prevalence was found in children accustomed to the practice of on-demand breast feeding and bottle feeding at night. Caries also increased significantly when snacks were consumed between meals. However, increased frequency of tooth-brushing, parental supervision, use of a baby toothbrush, and fluoridated dentifrice significantly decreased caries prevalence

Conclusion: ECC is a serious public health problem in this population and measures to increase awareness should be undertaken. The target candidates for oral health promotion programs should include mothers, general dentists, pediatricians, nurses, primary care health workers, care-takers at day-care centers and gynecologists. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:141-152)
Enhanced retention of a maxillofacial prosthetic obturator using precision attachments: Two case reports
Authors: Murat Sema , Gurbuz Ayhan , Isayev Abulfaz , Dokmez Bahadir , Cetin Unsun
Published: September 2019

The majority of maxillary defects can be rehabilitated with conventional simple obturator prosthesis. However, inadequate retention, stability and support may be associated with the use of an obturator. Precision attachments have been used to retain obturators for some time. The use of precision attachments in a dentate maxillectomy patient can yield significant functional improvement while maintaining the obturator’s aesthetic advantages. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of two maxillary defects with an obturator retained using extracoronal resilient precision attachments. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:212-217)
Missed duodenal web with foreign body impaction in an operated case of midgut malrotation with Down′s syndrome - A diagnosis delayed by endoscopy
Authors: Kesan Krushnakumar , Gupta Abhaya , Gupta Rahul Kumar , Kothari Paras , Ranjan Ritesh , Karkera Parag , Mudkhedkar Kedar
Published: September 2019

“Always look for duodenal obstruction in a case of malrotation”, this dictum has to be followed. The patient was operated for midgut malrotation at day 2 of life followed by foreign body removal by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at 2 years of age. We report atwo and half year male child with Down′s syndrome who presented to us with history suggestive of recurrent upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction. During surgery a post sphincteric duodenum web was confirmed and foreign body (berry seed) which had impacted proximal to it was removed. The web was excised and the duodenum, split longitudinally, sutured transversely. The postoperative course was uneventful and patient is asymptomatic at follow up. This case illustrates that diagnosis was delayed for 2΍ years after initial presentation in early neonatal age. (Dig Endosc 2013;4(1):10–12)
Gastrojejunostomy stomal polyp presenting as stomal obstruction and its endoscopic management
Authors: Noor Mohd Talha , Patel Onkar Prasad , Thakur Bhagwan Singh
Published: September 2019

We report the case of a 42-year-old male who presented with postprandial, non bilious, non projectile vomiting for 4 months. Patient underwent gastrojejunostomy 10 years back for post corrosive gastric outlet obstruction. General physical and systemic examinations were within normal limits. Routine laboratory investigations including complete blood count, liver and renal function tests were also within normal limits. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed solitary pedunculated polyp at the gastrojejunostomy site almost completely obstructing the lumen at the gastrrojejunostomy site. Endoscopic snare polypectomy of the gastrojejunostomy site polyp was done. Histopathological examination of the polyp was suggestive of hyperplastic polyp. After snare polypectomy patient became asymptomatic and is doing well at 6 months of follow up. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(2):42-43)
Measure synchronization and clustering in a coupled-pendulum system suspended from a common beam
Authors: Tian Jing , Li Bo , Liu Ting , Qiu Haibo
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we investigate measure synchronization (MS) in a nondissipative coupled-pendulum system suspended from a common beam. The system consists of several identical pendula hanging from a common beam that are indirectly coupled through the movements of the beam. We find that as the ratio R of the mass of the common beam to the mass of each pendulum decreases, which, in turn, increases the coupling strength between the pendula, the coupled-pendulum can achieve MS, including partial MS and complete MS, below certain threshold values of Rc. The energy characteristics of the MS are discussed. It is found that the pendula reach frequency locking at the MS transitions. Furthermore, by employing Poincaré section analysis, we reveal the dynamical mechanism of MS transitions.
Koopman operator and its approximations for systems with symmetries
Authors: Salova Anastasiya , Emenheiser Jeffrey , Rupe Adam , Crutchfield James P. , D’Souza Raissa M.
Published: September 2019

Nonlinear dynamical systems with symmetries exhibit a rich variety of behaviors, often described by complex attractor-basin portraits and enhanced and suppressed bifurcations. Symmetry arguments provide a way to study these collective behaviors and to simplify their analysis. The Koopman operator is an infinite dimensional linear operator that fully captures a system’s nonlinear dynamics through the linear evolution of functions of the state space. Importantly, in contrast with local linearization, it preserves a system’s global nonlinear features. We demonstrate how the presence of symmetries affects the Koopman operator structure and its spectral properties. In fact, we show that symmetry considerations can also simplify finding the Koopman operator approximations using the extended and kernel dynamic mode decomposition methods (EDMD and kernel DMD). Specifically, representation theory allows us to demonstrate that an isotypic component basis induces a block diagonal structure in operator approximations, revealing hidden organization. Practically, if the symmetries are known, the EDMD and kernel DMD methods can be modified to give more efficient computation of the Koopman operator approximation and its eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and eigenmodes. Rounding out the development, we discuss the effect of measurement noise.
Evaporation-induced flow around a droplet in different gases
Authors: Radhakrishnan S. , Anand T. N. C. , Bakshi Shamit
Published: September 2019

It is known from recent studies that evaporation induces flow around a droplet at atmospheric conditions. This flow is visible even for slowly evaporating liquids like water. In the present study, we investigate the influence of the ambient gas on the evaporating droplet. We observe from the experiments that the rate of evaporation at atmospheric temperature and pressure decreases in a heavier ambient gas. The evaporation-induced flow in these gases for different liquids is measured using particle image velocimetry and found to be very different from each other. However, the width of the disturbed zone around the droplet is seen to be independent of the evaporating liquid and the size of the needle (for the range of needle diameters studied), and only depends on the ambient gas used.
Local elasticity and macroscopic plasticity in homogeneous and heterogeneous bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Scudino S. , Shahid R. N. , Han J. H. , Wright J.
Published: September 2019

To understand why heterogeneity leads to improved ductility in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), we derived the local elastic moduli and energy barriers for the activation of shear transformation zones (STZs) in homogeneous and heterogeneous BMGs using high-energy x-ray diffraction. In contrast to the homogeneous glass, STZ activation dynamics in the heterogeneous BMG are spatially nonuniform and the activation of STZs with low energy barriers is favored. Using qualitative arguments, we propose that there is an alternative deformation pathway involving multiple shear bands, which makes the material plastically deformable.
Dynamical modeling of cascading failures in the Turkish power grid
Authors: Schäfer Benjamin , Yalcin G. Cigdem
Published: September 2019

A reliable supply of electricity is critical for our modern society, and any large-scale disturbance of the electrical system causes substantial costs. In 2015, one overloaded transmission line caused a cascading failure in the Turkish power grid, affecting about 75×106 people. Here, we analyze the Turkish power grid and its dynamical and statistical properties. Specifically, we propose, for the first time, a model that incorporates the dynamical properties and the complex network topology of the Turkish power grid to investigate cascading failures. We find that the network damage depends on the load and generation distribution in the network with centralized generation being more susceptible to failures than a decentralized one. Furthermore, economic considerations on transmission line capacity are shown to conflict with stability.
Ultrastable phonon frequencies in
α
-quartz-type BPO4 at high temperature
Authors: Le Parc R. , Buixaderas E. , Levelut C. , Hermet P. , Pereira A. S. , Cambon O. , Roiland C. , Simon P. , Haines J.
Published: September 2019

The Raman modes of α-quartz-type boron phosphate were found to be extremely stable in frequency over a large temperature range from 300–1000 K. In order to determine the origin of this behavior, the material was also studied at high pressure up to 6 GPa. Upon compression, a classical behavior was observed with mode Grüneisen parameters ranging from −0.08(2) to 3.0(1). The present results indicate that the high temperature behavior in this material is an example of an unusual compensation effect between phonon–phonon interactions and implicit contributions due to thermal expansion. Phonon stability is of utmost importance for materials properties that are dependent on it such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties, for example. Boron phosphate belongs to the important class of α-quartz-type piezoelectric materials for which temperature stability is of primordial importance for resonator and sensor applications.