bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for imprinting disorders in 58 patients with clinically diagnosed idiopathic short stature
Authors: Kawashima Sayaka , Yagi Hiroko , Hirano Yasuhiro , Toki Machiko , Izumi Kei , Dateki Sumito , Namba Noriyuki , Kamimaki Tsutomu , Muroya Koji , Tanaka Toshiaki , Fukami Maki , Kagami Masayo
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Imprinted genes have important roles for normal growth and development. Imprinting disorders (IDs) such as Silver-Russell syndrome and Temple syndrome are rare diseases that typically cause short children born small for gestational age (SGA). However, some patients with short stature (SS) caused by IDs were born non-SGA. To date, the contribution of IDs to idiopathic short stature (ISS) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the contribution of IDs to ISS.

Methods

We conducted methylation analysis for 10 differentially methylated regions using pyrosequencing to detect known IDs in 58 patients (31 male and 27 female children, height standard deviation score −4.2 to −2.0) carrying a clinical diagnosis of ISS.

Results

We identified no patient with IDs among these patients with ISS.

Conclusions

These results indicate that IDs are rare in patients having ISS, and that imprinted genes affect fetal growth more than postnatal growth. Because patients with IDs born non-SGA usually have clinical features characteristic of each ID, in addition to SS, the patients with ISS as a clinical diagnosis may not be associated with IDs.

It is unlikely that cases clinically diagnosed with ISS are caused by IDs leading to growth failure.
New records of bats (Chiroptera) in the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Vela-Ulian Carina Maria , Maires Hoppe João Paulo , Ditchfield Albert David
Published: September 2020

Herein, we report six new records of bats for the Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil: Choeroniscus minor, Diaemus youngii, Micronycteris schmidtorum, Glyphonycteris daviesi, G. sylvestris, and Histiotus velatus. Fieldwork was conducted in the region of Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, northern Espírito Santo, increasing to 83 species the total of bat species known for the state. We also assigned the first voucher for Diclidurus albus at Espírito Santo, and we provide distributional information about all these species in Brazil and map their distribution in the Neotropics. These new occurrences increase the range, in Atlantic Forest, for all bat species reported here. We describe species measurements and provide comments on taxonomy for comparisons and to aid correct identification.
Understory use by terrestrial small mammals in an unflooded forest patch in the Pantanal floodplain
Authors: Sano Nayara Yoshie , Herrera Heitor Miraglia , Porfirio Grasiela Edith de Oliveira , Santos Filipe Martins
Published: September 2020

To date, there have been no studies that have evaluated small mammal utilization of the understory of forests. In this study, we described the use of vertical strata by small mammals in patches of unflooded forests, known as “cordilheiras”, in the Nhecolândia sub-region of the Pantanal, Brazil. We collected all species using the ground and understory, including the terrestrial didelphid Monodelphis domestica. We suppose that local habitat features (e.g., Acuri palms), rather than intrinsic species characteristics, may be more conducive to the use of understory vegetation by small mammals in the Nhecolândia region.
IGF-1 regulates the growth of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Yin Yitong , Han Ying , Shi Chang , Xia Zhijun
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to observe the impact of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on human vaginal fibroblasts (HVFs) in the context of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to explore its effects on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. First, it was found that IGF-1 expression reduced in the vaginal wall tissues derived from POP compared to that in non-POP cases. Then the role of IGF-1 was explored in HVFs and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and cell apoptosis. Western blot assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression. The results showed that knockdown of IGF-1 inhibited the cell viability of HVFs, promoted the cell apoptosis of HVFs, and decreased the expression of types I and III collagen in HVFs, which was through inhibiting the expression of IGF-1 receptor and MAPK/NF-κB pathways. However, IGF-1 plasmid had the opposite effects on HVFs. In conclusion, our results showed that IGF-1 could activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways, thereby enhancing collagen metabolism and the growth of vaginal wall fibroblasts then to inhibit POP development.
Staying connected during COVID-19: The social and communicative role of an ethnic online community of Chinese international students in South Korea
Authors: Jang In Chull , Choi Lee Jin
Published: September 2020

As the public health threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is still evolving globally, many linguistic minorities are struggling to obtain accurate and timely health information about the disease and its prevention and treatment in their native language. This study argues that existing ethnic online communities can play an important role in dealing with such health information disparities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the activities and postings on an online community of Chinese international students in South Korea, this paper illustrates that the community functions as a virtual hub that produces and disseminates up-to-date and essential information about COVID-19 and provides a platform for users to share experiences and emotions accompanying the unprecedented situation. This study points out that the participation of Chinese international students in the online community is voluntary and based on established infrastructure because of the presence of a greater number of Chinese students in South Korea. Thus, it urges the government and local authorities to be more aware of the importance of providing adequate support and guidance to linguistic minorities in such uncertain and frightening times.
Win the Battle, Lose the War?: Strategies for Repealing the Zina Ordinance in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Beenish
Published: September 2020

In 1979, following a military coup, President Zia-ul-Haq sought to foment his power by ‘Islamizing’ Pakistan. Among other policies, he enacted the Hudood Ordinances to codify classical Islamic fiqh on criminal law, including the controversial Zina Ordinance (“Ordinance”) which criminalizes sex outside of marriage. Shortly after its passing, the Ordinance led to the unjust incarceration of thousands of low-income women across the country. Decrying the law as violence against women, human rights supporters around the world demanded reform. Finally, in 2006, Pakistan passed the Protection of Women Act (PWA) that amended the Ordinance, rendering the law procedurally toothless. Still, reforms left the substance of the Ordinance intact, giving men license to take the law into their own hands with effective impunity, leading to a rise in honor killings. Given the need for repeal of the Ordinance, this paper looks to lessons learned from the successes and failures of the 2006 reform to propose a strategy for the future. The 2006 reform adopted an apologetic ‘pragmatic reformist’ approach, building a coalition of conservative Islamists and secularists behind an incremental policy shift. This paper proposes that for a more substantive change that is still effective, the women’s rights movement should shift away from the purely secular or purely Islamic approach to espouse secularism and human rights but using an Islamic rationale, shifting societal attitudes from within the tradition. Doing this, I echo arguments made by reformist-activists Abdullahi An’Naim and Ziba Mir-Hosseini among others as well as adopt the approach of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the High Courts, and the Federal Shariat Court (FSC) themselves in their attempts to reconcile Pakistan’s constitutional commitments to both human rights and Islamic law. Such a strategy, I posit, is slow but both effective and long-lasting.
Scattering of a single plasmon polariton by multiple atoms for in-plane control of light
Authors: Rituraj  , Orenstein Meir , Fan Shanhui
Published: September 2020

We study the interaction of a single photon in a surface plasmon polariton mode with multiple atoms. We propose a system of two atoms to achieve a tunable scattering from subscattering to superscattering regimes by changing the angle of the incident photon. We also demonstrate a perfect electromagnetically-induced transparency using two atoms with two-level structures. The proposed framework is efficiently scalable to a system with a large number of atoms and opens up the possibility of designing novel atom-based optical devices. We design an atomically thin parabolic mirror to focus single photons and form a quantum mirage in a cavity built from atoms.
Metasurfaces for biomedical applications: imaging and sensing from a nanophotonics perspective
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Wong Chi Lok , Zeng Shuwen , Bi Renzhe , Tai Kolvyn , Dholakia Kishan , Olivo Malini
Published: September 2020

Metasurface is a recently developed nanophotonics concept to manipulate the properties of light by replacing conventional bulky optical components with ultrathin (more than 104times thinner) flat optical components. Since the first demonstration of metasurfaces in 2011, they have attracted tremendous interest in the consumer optics and electronics industries. Recently, metasurface-empowered novel bioimaging and biosensing tools have emerged and been reported. Given the recent advances in metasurfaces in biomedical engineering, this review article covers the state of the art for this technology and provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary perspective on this field. The topics that we have covered include metasurfaces for chiral imaging, endoscopic optical coherence tomography, fluorescent imaging, super-resolution imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative phase imaging, sensing of antibodies, proteins, DNAs, cells, and cancer biomarkers. Future directions are discussed in twofold: application-specific biomedical metasurfaces and bioinspired metasurface devices. Perspectives on challenges and opportunities of metasurfaces, biophotonics, and translational biomedical devices are also provided. The objective of this review article is to inform and stimulate interdisciplinary research: firstly, by introducing the metasurface concept to the biomedical community; and secondly by assisting the metasurface community to understand the needs and realize the opportunities in the medical fields. In addition, this article provides two knowledge boxes describing the design process of a metasurface lens and the performance matrix of a biosensor, which serve as a “crash-course” introduction to those new to both fields.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[bis-(3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolato-κ2
N:O)-(μ2-1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)copper(II)], C16H10CuN14O8
Authors: Yajin Li , Wuxi Xie , Kuanguang Song , Yu Zhao
Published: September 2020

C16H10CuN14O8, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.4851(13) Å, b = 12.3808(12) Å, c = 13.2151(13) Å, β = 97.3040(10)°, V = 2188.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0310, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1127, T = 296(2) K.
How learning shapes immunity
Authors: Hadamitzky Martin , Lückemann Laura , Schedlowski Manfred , Engler Harald
Published: September 2020

Experimental studies in rodents and humans have convincingly demonstrated that immune functions can be modulated by associative learning processes. We have established a conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) paradigm in rats by pairing a novel taste (conditioned stimulus, CS) with an injection of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA; unconditioned stimulus, US). Re-exposure to the CS results in a pronounced CTA and, more importantly, in a selective suppression of specific T-cell functions, mimicking the drugs’ effects. To provide a basis for using learned immunosuppressive strategies in clinical situations, we are currently investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the extinction of conditioned immunosuppressive responses and the generalizability of our findings to other immunomodulatory drugs.
Approximate solution for fractional attractor one-dimensional Keller-Segel equations using homotopy perturbation sumudu transform method
Authors: Sharma Dinkar , Samra Gurpinder Singh , Singh Prince
Published: September 2020

In this paper, homotopy perturbation sumudu transform method (HPSTM) is proposed to solve fractional attractor one-dimensional Keller-Segel equations. The HPSTM is a combined form of homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and sumudu transform using He’s polynomials. The result shows that the HPSTM is very efficient and simple technique for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Test examples are considered to illustrate the present scheme.
The Polish-Lithuanian Republic of Nobles in the French political thought (1573-1795)
Authors: Malinowska Teresa
Published: September 2020

The modern Polish-Lithuanian Republic drew the attention of many French political authors like Théodore de Bèze, Jean Boucher, Jean Bodin, Henri de Boulainvilliers, Montesquieu, Voltaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The Sarmatian State appeared in French political literature in 1573, when the French prince Henri de Valois was elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic, until 1795, when it disappeared from the map of Europe. It appeared not only in political treaties but also in pamphlets, manifestos and travel literature. This article aims at analysing this continuous presence, which constitutes a fascinating key for reading the French political debates of the modern era.
A Dream of a Stone: The Ethics of De-anthropocentrism
Authors: Wu Tsaiyi
Published: September 2020

De-anthropocentrism is the leitmotif of philosophy in the twenty-first century, encouraging diverse and competing thoughts as to how this goal may be achieved. This article argues that the method by which we may achieve de-anthropocentrism is ethical rather than metaphysical – it must involve a creation of the self, rather than an interpretation of the given human conditions. Through engagements with the thought of Nietzsche, Levinas, and Foucault, and a close reading of Baudelaire’s poem “La Beauté,” I will illustrate three ethical commitments essential to de-anthropocentrism: to abandon the claim to knowledge associated with human reason, to remain in perpetual quest of an object, and to transgress the given perceptual structure through aesthetic experience. In contrast to Kantian philosophy built upon universal human reason, art is the ethical arena where each artist creates their own way to relate to the object, while de-anthropocentrism occurs – this article argues – when the artist includes the self as the field of creation. Object-Oriented Ontology in my assessment is the only branch of philosophy that truly achieves de-anthropocentrism.
Gendering Sarai: Reading Beyond Cisnormativity in Genesis 11:29–12:20 and 20:1–18
Authors: Henderson-Merrygold Jo
Published: September 2020

This article explores the way assumptions about gender prevalent in twenty-first century readers impact our understanding of Sarai. It interrogates the way a mere glimpse allows us to instantaneously assign a person gender, something trans theorist Julia Serano calls gendering. Through this article, we see how the third-party accounts of Sarai in Genesis 11:19–12:20 parallel the experience of that introductory glance today. By undertaking a close reading, different themes emerge that work to both confirm and challenge her fit within dominant gender norms. Indeed, Sarai cannot easily be subsumed into cisnormative gender expectations that privilege consistent coherence between the sex assigned at birth and gender identity and expression. Genesis 20:1–20 is then placed in discussion with the earlier portion of Sarai’s story. It provides the opportunity to revisit how observers within the text see and understand her. In turn new details emerge that seek to confirm Sarai’s fit within cisnormativity; but in doing so, they end up disrupting our perception that Sarai is a cisnormative woman. Ultimately, this reading establishes that Sarai does not neatly fit our preconceptions, which opens up the potential to consider her a transgender or a gender-diverse figure.
Die Sprache neu denken?
Authors: Trabant Jürgen
Published: September 2020

Sprachen (langues) sind heute vielfach politischem Druck zur Erneuerung ausgesetzt. Unwillkommenes Altes soll aus ihnen verschwinden. Diese Erneuerungswut verdankt sich einer Sicht auf die Sprachen, die vor Jahrhunderten neu war: nämlich der großen neuzeitlichen Entdeckung, dass Wörter nicht nur – wie Aristoteles dachte – verschiedene Laute sind, sondern dass sie – ungenaues und partikulares – „Denken“ enthalten. Die philosophische Kritik dieser Entdeckung übertreibt die Abhängigkeit des Denkens von der (unwillkommenen) Semantik der Sprachen und verfehlt damit die positive – und immer noch neue – Einschätzung ihrer Verschiedenheit als „wunderbare Vielfalt des Geistes“ (Leibniz). Unbeantwortet bleibt die Frage, ob die aktuellen neuen Formen der Kommunikation eine neue Sprache (langage) und einen neuen Menschen schaffen.
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of carboplatin used for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Mikkelsen Mette Schou , Blaakaer Jan , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Schleiss Luise Gram , Iversen Lene Hjerrild
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Carboplatin is frequently used in various doses for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) although its pharmacokinetics, including focus on the perfusion time, has not been evaluated when used in modern era cytoreductive surgery (CRS). The aim was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and hematological toxicity of carboplatin used for HIPEC with a perfusion time of 90 min.

Methods

Fifteen patients with stage III–IV primary EOC received CRS and 90 min of HIPEC with carboplatin at dose 800 mg/m2. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, perfusate and blood samples were obtained during HIPEC and up to 48 h after HIPEC (blood only). Hematological toxicity within 30 days was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Severe toxicity (grades 3–5) is reported.

Results

Mean maximum concentration of carboplatin was 12 times higher in perfusate than plasma (mean CmaxPF=348 µg/mL (range: 279–595 µg/mL) versus mean CmaxPL=29 µg/mL (range: 21–39 µg/mL)). Mean terminal half-life of carboplatin in perfusate was 104 min (range: 63–190 min) and mean intraperitoneal-to-plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio was 12.3 (range: 7.4–17.2). Two patients (13%) had grade 3 neutropenia within 30 days. No grade 4–5 hematological toxicities were identified.

Conclusions

Carboplatin has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for 90 min HIPEC administration, and the hematological toxicity was acceptable at dose 800 mg/m2. Large interindividual differences were found in the pharmacokinetic parameters, making risk of systemic exposure difficult to predict.
Urinary carboxylic acids (UCAs) in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and their association with bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Gątarek Paulina , Jóźwik-Pruska Jagoda , Bjørklund Geir , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Kałużna-Czaplińska Joanna
Published: September 2020

In this study, the levels of concentration of carboxylic acids (benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and hippuric acid) in the urine of autistic children were investigated and compared. The increased excretion of carboxylic acids is related to excessive bacterial activity in the gut, called bacterial overgrowth, which has been related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as an impairment in the gut-brain axis. The investigation was based on the analysis of urine samples obtained from 120 ASD children. To identify and quantify urinary carboxylic acids (UCAs), we applied gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, we checked the influence of probiotic supplementation, gender, body mass index (BMI) value and age of children on the level of different selected compounds. Most of the obtained results were found within reference ranges. In some cases, the levels of benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were particularly elevated. Statistically significant differences were observed in supplementation with probiotics and the level of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p=0.036). The obtained results may indicate disturbances in the intestinal flora in some autistic patients and suggest that supplements may have an influence on the levels of carboxylic acids in urine. Due to the small population of children taking the supplement, further study are needed.
Implication of coronavirus pandemic on obsessive-compulsive-disorder symptoms
Authors: Sulaimani Mona F. , Bagadood Nizar H.
Published: September 2020

This review assesses various sources regarding obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and the coronavirus pandemic via a study of literature related to OCD conditions in the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and India. Coronavirus’s morbidity and its status as a global pandemic transmittable from one person to another has subsequently intensified the personal perception of distress. The projected shortage of vital medical equipment to fight coronavirus due to daily increases in COVID-19 cases creates social unrest. The world confronts perpetual news about high numbers of coronavirus cases, more people in quarantine, and more deaths; those not infected feel increasing fear about its proximity. Social media, print media, and electronic sources offer much advice on how to prevent coronavirus infection. Pandemics extend beyond pathophysiology and medical phenomena to associations with intense psychosocial impact. Studies have established that people with existing mental disorders are prone to relapses, the fear of faulty COVID-19 prevention measures, distress, and suicidal thoughts during pandemics. Precautionary measures aim to slow the spread of coronavirus, but these radical repetitive measures create great anxiety in the mental health of individuals suffering from OCD. Despite the nature of their conditions, these people must adhere to routine processes, such as washing hands, wearing masks and gloves, and sanitizing hands. Given the asymptomatic nature of people suffering from OCD, the routine measures for addressing COVID-19 have a hectic and adverse effect on their mental health and their state of relaxation. Through a systematic literature review, this paper provides insight into the coronavirus pandemic’s implications for OCD symptoms.
Greater than the sum of its parts: focusing SRP research through a systems approach lens
Authors: Suk William A. , Heacock Michelle , Carlin Danielle J. , Henry Heather F. , Trottier Brittany A. , Lopez Adeline R. , Amolegbe Sara M.
Published: September 2020

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (SRP) funds diverse transdisciplinary research to understand how hazardous substances contribute to disease. SRP research focuses on how to prevent these exposures by promoting problem-based, solution-oriented research. SRP’s mandate areas encompasses broad biomedical and environmental science and engineering research efforts and, when combined with research translation, community engagement, training, and data science, offers broad expertise and unique perspectives directed at a specific big picture question. The purpose of this commentary is to adapt a systems approach concept to SRP research to accommodate the complexity of a scientific problem. The SRP believes a systems approach offers a framework to understand how scientists can work together to integrate diverse fields of research to prevent or understand environmentally-influenced human disease by addressing specific questions that are part of a larger perspective. Specifically, within the context of the SRP, a systems approach can elucidate the complex interactions between factors that contribute to or protect against environmental insults. Leveraging a systems approach can continue to advance SRP science while building the foundation for researchers to address difficult emerging environmental health problems.
Deutsche Verteidigungspolitik – Versäumnisse und nicht eingehaltene Versprechen
Authors: Meyer zum Felde Rainer
Published: September 2020

Während die Bundesregierung die konzeptionellen Beschlüsse der NATO-Gipfel seit 2014 zur Stärkung der Bündnisverteidigung konstruktiv mitgestaltet hat, lässt ihr Umsetzungsverhalten gravierende Defizite erkennen. Die Realisierung ihrer langfristigen Zusagen droht zu scheitern – und nicht erst seit der Corona-Krise. Es fehlt am politischen Konsens der Koalitionsparteien, bei den wichtigsten Zusagen Wort zu halten – der Erhöhung des Verteidigungshaushalts auf rund 60 Mrd. Euro in 2024 (und damit deutlich in Richtung auf das Zwei-Prozent-Ziel) und an der Bereitstellung kampfkräftiger Land-, Luft- und Seestreitkräfte. Die deutsche Politik muss zum Münchner Konsens größerer Verantwortungsbereitschaft zurückfinden, darf einer weiteren transatlantischen Entfremdung nicht Vorschub leisten und sollte dafür sorgen, dass Deutschland seine angestammte Rolle als Rückgrat der konventionellen Bündnisverteidigung in Europa ausfüllt.
Deutschlands neuer außenpolitischer Pragmatismus
Authors: Fröhlich Stefan
Published: September 2020

Gleich welche Führungsrolle man Deutschland zuschreibt oder Erwartungen man an die deutsche Außen- und Europapolitik hat, die politische Stärke Berlins wird von manchen Beobachtern nach wie vor mehr als Risiko denn als Chance Europas gesehen. Unabhängig davon aber handelte Berlin in den drei großen Krisen der vergangenen Jahre (Euro-, Ukraine- und Flüchtlingskrise), mit Ausnahme in der Flüchtlingskrise, nie im Alleingang, sondern am Ende als pragmatische, durchaus erfolgreiche Führungsmacht und in Zusammenarbeit mit seinen Bündnispartnern; dies gilt auch für die aktuelle Herausforderung der Bewältigung der Corona-Pandemie. Darüber hinaus hat das Land dabei mehrfach mit früheren außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Tabus gebrochen.
Associations of neck and shoulder pain with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time among school-aged children
Authors: Pirnes Katariina Pauliina , Kallio Jouni , Kankaanpää Anna , Häkkinen Arja , Tammelin Tuija
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The potential effects of physical activity and sedentary time on children’s increasing neck and shoulder pain are unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations between objectively measured physical activity or sedentary time and neck and shoulder pain in children.

Methods

Children (n=905; 10–15 years old) filled in an electronic questionnaire during school hours on the frequency of their neck and shoulder pain. Daytime moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time were measured objectively with an ActiGraph accelerometer. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to study the associations. The results were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index and bedtime.

Results

Neck and shoulder pain experienced at least once a week was reported by 26.1% of children. A higher proportion of boys (45.9%) than girls (24.2%) achieved at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity/day (p<0.001). Girls were more sedentary than boys (sedentary time 66.4 vs. 63.1%) (p<0.001). Higher moderate to vigorous physical activity time was associated with a lower probability of experiencing neck and shoulder pain among boys, but not among girls. No association was found between sedentary time and neck and shoulder pain.

Conclusions

A quarter of the girls and boys reported frequent neck and shoulder pain. Boys achieved more moderate to vigorous physical activity than girls and higher moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower probability of having neck and shoulder pain, but only in boys. Neck and shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal pain and its prevalence is increasing. Preventing childhood pain is important, as neck and shoulder pain causes restrictions in daily living and is persistent to adulthood. Our study showed, that boys with more moderate to vigorous physical activity, had less weekly neck and shoulder pain symptoms. The present results are an addition to the list of benefits of physical activity and are valuable to, for example, healthcare personnel and teachers, who guide and teach children and adolescents. Families can benefit from new knowledge when considering supportive parenting activities. Municipalities can use the new information to design services for children or families.
Untersuchung eines Prozessroboters als Messroboter in der Montage am Beispiel der Identifikation der dynamischen Parameter eines Roboterwerkzeuges
Authors: Blum Anne , Kanso Ali , Scholer Matthias , Müller Rainer
Published: September 2020

Im Zuge der Produktionsdigitalisierung werden mehr Daten aufgenommen und ausgewertet. Neue Roboter besitzen eine integrierte Drehmomentsensorik. Diese erfasst nicht nur interne Roboterdaten, sondern auch externe Einflüsse. Diese Daten können zur Inbetriebnahme von Prozessen oder zur Aussage der Qualität verwendet werden. Um den Roboter als Messgerät einzubinden, bedarf es einer Untersuchung der Genauigkeit der integrierten Drehmomentsensoren. Zur Untersuchung wurde eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, welche zwei vorhandene Methoden aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen miteinander kombiniert. Zum einen wird die Methode DMAIC aus dem Qualitätsmanagement zur Strukturierung der Untersuchung und zum anderen wird der Eignungsnachweis von Prüfprozessen zur inhaltlichen Ermittlung von Wissen verwendet. Durch einen Versuchsaufbau mit Gewichtskräften am Endeffektor des Roboters werden die systematische und zufällige Messabweichung der Drehmomentsensoren im Roboter bestimmt. Ziel dieses Papers ist die Analyse des Einsatzes eines Roboters mit integrierten Drehmomentsensoren als Messmittel im Montageprozess. Als ein Anwendungsfall wird die Erfassung der dynamischen Parameter eines Roboterwerkzeuges beschrieben. Gleichzeitig wurde eine neue Methodik zur Parametererfassung entwickelt, die im Vergleich zur Standardvorgehensweise deutliches Verbesserungspotenzial hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit aufweist.
Detektion der Auflagestege von Flachbett-Laserschneidmaschinen mittels Nahinfrarot-Beleuchtung
Authors: Struckmeier Frederick , León Fernando Puente
Published: September 2020

Um die Prozessicherheit von Laser-Flachbettmaschinen zu steigern, ist es von Vorteil vorhersagen zu können, ob ein geschnittenes Teil nach dem Schneiden verkippen wird. Dies ist nur möglich, wenn die Position der Auflagestege unter dem zu schneidenden Blech bekannt ist. Die Detektion der Auflagestege ist mit Grauwertbildern aus dem sichtbaren Spektrum möglich, aber nicht sehr robust. In dieser Arbeit wird eine schmalbandige Nahinfrarot-Dunkelfeldbeleuchtung untersucht, die die Auflagestege und einzelne Auflagespitzen robust, schnell und mit hoher Genauigkeit detektieren kann. Eine geeignete Beleuchtungsposition wird ermittelt und passende Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen werden vorgestellt. Die Detektion von Auflagestegen ist mit dem vorgeschlagenen Messsystem fehlerfrei möglich, während Auflagespitzen mit einer Genauigkeit von 93% erkannt werden.
De-Embedding-Ansatz zur Messung nichtidealer Kapazitäten mit kommerziellen Kapazitätssensoren
Authors: Kandlbinder-Paret Christoph , Häring Johannes , Fischerauer Alice , Fischerauer Gerhard
Published: September 2020

Verlustbehaftete Kapazitäten sind für kommerzielle Kapazitätssensoren, die nur einen Kapazitätswert ausgeben, problematisch: der parasitäre ohmsche Widerstand parallel zur Kapazität verfälscht das Messergebnis. Bei Messungen an Flüssigkeiten im Rahmen der elektrischen Kapazitätstomographie (ECT) kann der Einfluss gravierend werden. Mit erhöhtem Messaufwand könnte man die ECT zur elektrischen Impedanztomographie (EIT) erweitern und damit sowohl die Kapazität als auch den Widerstand der verlustbehafteten Kapazität messen. Als aufwandsarme Alternative stellen wir hier einen modellbasierten De-Embedding-Ansatz vor. Er ertüchtigt kommerzielle Kapazitätssensoren, die die Kapazität über die Messung einer Entladezeitkonstante bestimmen, auch mit stärker verlustbehafteten Kapazitäten zurechtzukommen. Der Ansatz beruht auf dem Ersatzschaltbild der realen Messsituation, dessen zugehörige Differentialgleichung im Zeitbereich gelöst wird. Durch Variation der gesuchten Kapazität und des gesuchten Widerstands wird die vom Sensor ermittelte Zeitkonstante über die Anzahl der nacheinander durchgeführten Lade-/Entladevorgänge (Perioden) ermittelt. Das Verfahren wird an einem diskreten Aufbau aus konzentrierten Elementen und an einer typischen ECT-Messsituation getestet. Die ermittelten Zeitkonstanten bei einer realen ECT-Messsituation mit Leitungswasser als zu vermessendem Medium zeigen einen Unterschied zum diskreten Aufbau mit den konzentrierten Elementen.
Incorporation of phase information for improved time-dependent instrument recognition
Authors: Schwabe Markus , Elaiashy Omar , León Fernando Puente
Published: September 2020

Time-dependent estimation of playing instruments in music recordings is an important preprocessing for several music signal processing algorithms. In this approach, instrument recognition is realized by neural networks with a two-dimensional input of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) magnitudes and a time-frequency representation based on phase information. The modified group delay (MODGD) function and the product spectrum (PS), which is based on MODGD, are analysed as phase representations. Training and evaluation processes are executed based on the MusicNet dataset. By the incorporation of PS in the input, instrument recognition can be improved about 2% in F1-score.
Flexibler organischer elektrochemischer Transistor als Biosensor für Organ-on-a-Chip
Authors: Bakhchova Liubov , Steinmann Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Die Implementierung von Biosensoren in mikrofluidische Strukturen für Organ-on-a-Chip-Anwendungen ist eine vielversprechende Forschungsrichtung. Es kann Messungen der biologischen Reaktion in unmittelbarer Nähe von kultivierten In-vitro-Zellen ermöglichen. Ein zu messender Schlüsselparameter ist die Ionenkonzentration. Daher stellen wir in dieser Arbeit das Design, die Herstellung und die erste Testung eines Biosensors auf Basis eines organischen elektrochemischen Transistors (OECT) vor, der in einen Mikrofluidikkanal implementiert ist. Zur Herstellung der Elektroden und der aktiven Schicht für OECT wurden nur organische Polymere verwendet. In ersten Messungen konnte eine sehr gute Korrelation zwischen dem gemessenen und berechneten UI-Diagramm des Transistors gezeigt werden. Es wurden Messungenauigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Streuung von Materialeigenschaften und Fertigungstoleranzen analysiert und die Ungenauigkeit der Drainstrommessung ermittelt.
Morality-in-interaction: Toddlers’ recyclings of institutional discourses of feeling during peer disputes in daycare
Authors: Kyratzis Amy , Köymen Bahar
Published: September 2020

Everyday discursive practices comprising “emotion talk” constitute a site where morality is socialized. Yet few studies have examined how emotional expressions are assembled and serve as integral parts of the unfolding action in multi-party, remedial interchanges involving caregivers and children in early care settings. This paper examines a particular type of emotion talk, complement constructions with verbs of feeling (“want”) and saying (e.g., “Are you saying ‘no don’t stand on me’?) primed by caregivers as part of a curriculum encouraging children to use their words to express their feelings so children become sensitized to one another’s hurt feeling during peer disputes. The data were drawn from a larger corpus of video recordings of children’s naturalistic interaction collected over two years in two toddler-infant daycare centers with children aged 12–30 months. A talk-in-interaction approach was adopted. The syntactic formats provided to children by caregivers, and how children and caregivers recycled and laminated utterances with different kinds of modalities over turns, uncovered usually unarticulated normative socio-cultural assumptions regarding the shaping of affect at the daycare. The results illustrate how affective work in remedial interchanges provides a resource for participants to articulate moral values and underscore children’s agency.
Water soluble biguanide salts and their 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase
Authors: Gungor Ozge , Kurtar Seda Nur Kertmen , Kose Muhammet
Published: September 2020

Seven biguanide derivatives were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction between dicyandiamide and p-substitute aniline derivatives or memantine or adamantine under acidic conditions. The cyclization of the biguanide compounds were also conducted via acetone to give 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical methods. The solid state structures of [HL5]Cl, [H2L7]Cl2, [HL1a]Cl and [HL5a]Cl were investigated by X-ray diffraction study. The acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitor properties of the compounds were then evaluated by the spectroscopic method. The compounds were found to show considerable acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the approved drugs. The cyclization of biguanide derivatives with acetone did not affect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, yet increased the α-glucosidase inhibition.
Cd2 and Co2 dumbbell formation in the yttrium-rich intermetallic compounds Y14Ni3Cd3 and Y6Co2Zn
Authors: Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: September 2020

The yttrium-rich intermetallic compounds Y14Ni3Cd3 and Y6Co2Zn were obtained by direct reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in an induction furnace. Both samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and the structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data: Lu14Co3In3 type, P42/nmc, a = 960.06(5), c = 2314.9(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0669, 2034 F
2 values, 63 parameters for Y14Ni3.16(2)Cd2.84(2) and Ho6Co2Ga type, Immm, a = 943.08(7), b = 950.08(7), c = 997.64(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0476, 981 F
2 values, 34 parameters for Y6Co2Zn. One cadmium site shows a small degree of Cd/Ni mixing, leading to the composition Y14Ni3.16(2)Cd2.84(2). Although both compounds crystallize with significantly different structure types, they show very similar monomeric building units: (i) transition metal centered trigonal prisms of yttrium, (ii) empty Y6 octahedra and (iii) icosahedral coordination of the cadmium respectively zinc atoms. The condensation patterns of these building units are discussed and for Y14Ni3.16(2)Cd2.84(2), we elaborate a crystal chemical building principle along with the rare earth metal-rich phases RE
15Rh5Cd2 (La15Rh5Cd2 type), RE
23
T
7
X
4 (Pr23Ir7Mg4 type), RE
4
TX (Gd4RhMg type) and RE
10
TX
3/RE
9
TX
4 (ordered Co2Al5 versions). The structures of Y14Ni3Cd3 and Y6Co2Zn show dumbbell formation: 306 pm Cd–Cd in Y14Ni3Cd3 and 224 pm Co1–Co1 and 246 pm Co2–Co2 in Y6Co2Zn.
Von der Geldbuße zu Gottes Gesetz: Die Reformation des schwedischen Strafrechts
Authors: Strauch Dieter
Published: September 2020

From Fine to Gods Law: The Reformation oft the Swedish Penal Law. The medieval Swedish Landscape Laws punished criminal offences by fines. In early modern times the number of corporal punishments and especially death penalties increased. Only from the 14th century male and female offenders were punished alike. Further great changes were brought about by the Reformation as the biblical Mosaic death penalties were put into action for serious offences according to Guds och Sveriges lag (God’s and Sweden’s Laws). During the 16th and 17th centuries no pardon was given in cases of biblical serious offences. Only in the 19th and 20th centuries criminal law was humanized. Death penalties were not abolished before the twentieth century.
Fishermen and Farmerettes
Authors: Bayless Stephanie , Granados Gwen
Published: September 2020

Federal documents held at National Archives locations across the country can be a surprising source of state and local history. This article highlights U.S. Food Administration records in the holdings of the National Archives at Riverside (Perris, California) and the National Archives at San Francisco (San Bruno, California). Established with the passage of the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917, the U.S. Food Administration was responsible for ensuring the stable production, distribution, and conservation of food during the war. To this end, the primarily volunteer agency worked with nonfederal groups and organizations to support the war effort and touched many aspects of Californian life. Using these documents, we explore the Food Administration's impact on the state's fishing industry and related immigrant community before moving on to the role of the farmerette and her military-style units in sustaining American food production.
Prácticas de los habitantes en territorios metropolizados. Inteligencias ordinarias de lo urbano
Authors: Escaffre Fabrice
Published: September 2020

El artículo propone una reflexión sobre las prácticas cotidianas de los habitantes en espacios urbanos métropolizados. Trata, específicamente, las prácticas lúdicas en los espacios públicos, las movilidades alternativas al automóvil y las relaciones sociales vinculadas a la vivienda. Pretende caracterizar las inteligencias del ordinario urbano que se construyen a partir de los usos directos de la ciudad y del uso que se hace de las TIC. La reflexión se apoya en observaciones, no sistemáticas, realizadas en los últimos cinco años en Toulouse (Francia), Medellín (Colombia) y Quito (Ecuador). El artículo presenta, en  primer lugar, un marco de análisis teórico sobre la metropolización y sus usos ordinarios, luego la metodología utilizada y, a continuación, detalla los tres ejemplos de prácticas urbanas. Las prácticas lúdicas revelan el valor de uso de los espacios públicos, los usos de la bicicleta y la caminata afirman otros modelos de movilidad, mientras que la cuestión de la vivienda se considera a partir de formas de valorización social. Estos ejemplos estudian las capacidades cognitivas, adaptativas, de protesta y transformadoras de las prácticas cotidianas de la ciudad, así como sus límites, poniendo en evidencia hasta qué punto las áreas metropolitanas tienen valor de uso y valor social.
Agency – Memory – Community: der Kranz in Festszenen auf attischer Keramik
Authors: Tempel Lioba
Published: September 2020

Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung bilden Darstellungen bekränzter Figuren auf attischer Keramik, die durch ausgewiesene Bildelemente den Ritualkontexten der Feste zu Ehren von Gottheiten in archaisch-klassischer Zeit zuzuordnen sind. Ziel der Arbeit ist anhand dieser Darstellungen die Bedeutung des Kranzes im Aktionsbereich der Götterfeste aufzuzeigen. Da mithilfe der verschiedenen Kranzdarstellungen Festkontexte ermittelt werden können, bildet die botanische Bestimmung der verschiedenen Blattarten einen Schwerpunkt. Darüber hinaus werden die symbolische Bedeutung des Kranzes sowie die Wahrnehmungsprozesse von Betrachtenden ritualisierter Handlungen herausgearbeitet. Im Zuge dessen eröffnet die Untersuchung durch die Verbindung verschiedener methodischer Ansätze sowie die Kombination interdisziplinärer Inhalte neue Perspektiven und regt zu weiteren Forschungsmöglichkeiten an.
Die Minoischen Villen Kretas
Authors: Adlung Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Die Minoischen Paläste und Villen Kretas vermitteln oftmals den Eindruck einer spätbronzezeitlichen Kultur, welche von elitären Gesellschaftssystemen und mysteriösen Kulten geprägt war. Dabei schildern die mittlerweile zahlreichen bekannten spätbronzezeitlichen Siedlungsplätze und deren vielfältige Funde in verschiedenen Regionen Kretas variantenreiche Siedlungsentwicklungen.
Das vorliegende Werk legt einen umfassenden Überblick über Fundmaterialien, Baubefunde und Lagebedingungen von 23 Minoischen Villen Kretas vor. Hierbei wird die Analyse durch einen Einbezug der geographischen Verhältnisse der Umgebung und durch einen Vergleich mit weiteren spätbronzezeitlichen Fund- und Siedlungsplätzen Kretas entscheidend erweitert. Auf diesem Wege bietet die Untersuchung Perspektiven etablierte Interpretationen über die spätbronzezeitlichen Siedlungsverhältnisse Kretas zu hinterfragen.
Apuntes para una Historia del Consejo Nacional de Producción
Authors: Mora Iglesias Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Este articulo sintetiza información sobre la fundación y los inicios del Consejo Nacional de Producción de Costa Rica durante la década de 1940 y 1950 con información actualizada tomada no solamente de bibliografía actualizada sobre el tema sino también de los mismos archivos de esta institución que fue uno de los motores de la producción nacional durante estos años. Se publican algunas fotos inéditas.
Presentación: Dossier: Ignacio Ellacuría: su vida y su labor académica
Authors: Carrera Umaña Randall
Published: September 2020

El 16 de noviembre de 1989 las fuerzas especiales del batallón Atlacatl, pertenecientes al ejército salvadoreño, irrumpieron violentamente en las instalaciones de la Universidad Centroamericana Simeón Cañas (UCA). Su objetivo: asesinar a un grupo de jesuitas responsables de la orientación política tomada por esta casa universitaria; la cual se caracterizó por una actitud crítica ante la coyuntura económica y social de este hermano país centroamericano. Bajo el rectorado del Dr. Ignacio Ellacuría, la UCA había asumido una postura de denuncia de las injusticias experimentadas por las mayorías populares, a causa de los intereses particulares de ciertas clases privilegiadas en el poder.
Apuntes zubiristas sobre justicia y solidaridad
Authors: Jiménez Retana Randall
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se exploran dos grandes constructos, justicia y solidaridad, para situarlos desde el pensamiento de Xavier Zubiri. En este intento se recurre a autores que iluminan estos planteamientos, a saber: Ignacio Ellacuría y Emmanuel Mounier. Asimismo se establece como la solidaridad y justicia son rasgos naturales en el ser humano. Por ello, la vida humana tiene que ser presencia y compromiso, lo que implica ser prudente en las acciones, promocionando el desarrollo de la comunidad.
The Glowing Chaos and the Apple Peel of Culture
Authors: Soboleva Larisa , Redin Dmitry
Published: September 2020

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