bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cytokine secretion and study of their effect on erythropoiesis in patients with malignant neoplasms with anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia, and their combination
Authors: Sakhin V. T. , Kryukov E. V. , Kazakov S. P. , Sotnikov A. V. , Gordienko A. V. , Zavartsev M. A. , Rukavitsyn O. A.
Published: May 2023

Aim. To compare the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in cancer patients with anemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and a combination of these two anemia types. To assess the effect of the studied cytokines on erythropoiesis in patients with malignant neoplasms separately for each type of anemia studied.

Materials and methods. 106 patients with stage II–IV of solid malignant neoplasms were examined: 84 with anemia (55 men, 29 women, 67.1 ± 9.9 years), 22 without anemia (17 men, 5 women, mean age 60.2 ± 14.9 years). In accordance with Van Santen and Worwood criteria, by determining the transferrin saturation coefficient, ferritin concentrations, C-reactive protein, patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 – patients with ACD, 31 (20 / 11 patients), 2 group – ACD / IDA, 28 (18 / 10 patients), group 3 – IDA, 25 (17 / 8 patients), group 4 (control) – 22 patients without anemia. In all patients, the number of erythrocytes, the concentration of hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, transferrin saturation coefficient, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 were determined. For quantitative indicators, the arithmetic mean and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. Significance of differences between several unrelated groups was determined using the Kruskal–Wallis test. To assess the relationship between variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was calculated.

Results. In the ACD group, the maximum IL-6 concentration was 73.3 (IQR 6.2–51), TNF-α – 24.4 (IQR 15.3–60.7) and IL-10 – 8.7 (IQR 4.7–12.1) compared with the ACH3 / IDA group (IL-6 – 9.3 [IQR 4.4–13.2], TNF-α – 7.2 [IQR 4.5–9.6] and IL-10 – 6.7 [IQR 4.1–11.4]), and the IDA group (IL-6 – 3.4 [IQR 1.4–5.9], TNF-α – 4.6 [IQR 3.7–6] and IL-10 – 2.5 [IQR 0–5]) (p <0.05). In the ACD group, the highest correlation coefficients were found between IL-6 and erythrocytes (r = –0.74) and hemoglobin (r = –0.88), between TNF-α and erythrocytes (r = –0.66) and hemoglobin (r = –0.77), between IL-10 and erythrocytes (r = –0.36) and hemoglobin (r = –0.63). In the IDA group, the correlation coefficients between cytokines, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin are low or absent.

Conclusion. In cancer patients, ACD, IDA, as well as their combination can occur. Increased cytokine secretion in ACD group patients is important due to the proven strong negative effect of cytokines on erythropoiesis. Further study of ACD pathogenesis is needed in order to improve treatment.
Significance of bone marrow immunohistochemical analysis in patients with plasma cell neoplasms
Authors: Kozich Zh. M. , Martinkov V. N. , Zhandarov M. Yu. , Pugacheva Zh. N. , Klimkovich N. N.
Published: May 2023

Background. The group of plasma cell neoplasms includes benign and malignant diseases. Sometimes there are difficulties in making a diagnosis. The study of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers is of current interest.

Aim. To study the significance of IHC markers and histological features of the bone marrow in primary diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

Materials and methods. The study included 287 patients with plasma cell neoplasms: MGUS (n = 148), MM (n = 139). The observation period was 50 months. All patients have performed an aspiration biopsy and histological examination of the bone marrow with IHC analysis of CD138+, CD56+, CD34+, κ- and λ-chains expression.

Results. During the observation period the progression of MGUS to MM was recorded in 8.8 % (n = 13) of cases, the progression of MM was determined in 38.1 % (n = 53) of cases.

In patients with MGUS and MM the determined percentage of plasma cells at aspiration biopsy was somewhat lower than at histological examination (p >0.001). Statistically significant differences were determined between the groups MGUS and MM by the type of infiltration (р <0.001). With an increase in the percentage of bone marrow lesions by IHC (<20 % vs. 20–50 % and 20–50 % vs. >50 %), in our study interstitial and diffuse type of lesion with large accumulations was more common compared to the nodular type (p = 0.001).

The CD138+ expression (IHC) more than 10 % was associated with a decrease of progression-free survival in patients with MGUS.

In MM patients with an interstitial type of bone marrow infiltration and CD138+ over 10 % osteodestructive syndrome was detected by X-ray methods in 82.9 % of cases.

Determination of CD56+ and immunoglobulin light chains expression in patients with MM and MGUS indicated an unfavorable prognosis.

Resistance to chemotherapy or disease progression in MM patients most often occurred with a combination of IgG and immunoglobulin light chains secretion, with CD138+ plasma cells more than 50 % according to IHC, with a diffuse type of bone marrow lesion with accumulations of plasma cells. MGUS patients progressed more frequently with more than 20 % CD138+ plasma cells according to IHC, interstitial type and diffuse plasma cells accumulation type of bone marrow lesion, secretion of IgG or two immunoglobulins.

Conclusion. The significance of the IHC study in the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms was confirmed. Markers associated with the disease progression and chemotherapy resistance in patients with MGUS and MM were identified.
Creation of the educational excursion «The path of comics in Brussels: the cultural code on the city walls»
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Miloserdova O. , Demianenko S. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of organizing and conducting a city tour dedicated to Brussels murals. The features of the city tour and its economic and cultural impact on society are described. The territory of Brussels was studied from a cultural point of view; the art objects of the territory were analyzed. The selection of objects and the planning of the excursion route, which takes place on the territory of Brussels, have been carried out. An analysis of excursion objects was carried out.
Effects of TEACCH Model towards the Eating Skills on Student with Autism
Authors: Tiasari Lia Ayuning , Efendi Mohammad , Samawi Ahmad
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the influence of the TEACCH method towards the eating skills of a grade III Student with autism. The research used the experimental method with Single Subject Research (SSR) with the A-B-A design models. The subject in this study was a 12 year old who had barriers in communication, interaction, behavior and regulate emotions. The instruments used in the form of observational checklist compiled based on task analysis in the form of an assessment rubric. The result of study was the effect TEACCH method of influence on the ability of the eating skills of student with autism at grade III..
Parenting Program to Develop Social and Emotional Ability of Children with Special Needs During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ulfadhilah Khairunnisa , Munastiwi Erni
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to find the right parenting program model for early childhood at RA MH School Cirebon. Management in Parenting is important in nurturing and educating children while at home or outside the home. This research was carried out by RA MH Cirebon. In addition, parenting needs to be applied according to children so that children with special needs will be educated, and parents can stimulate the social skills of children with special needs. This research uses qualitative descriptive research, this research was chosen because it wanted to reveal in more detail and clearly about the management of parenting programs for children with special needs in developing social skills so that they can be a reference for parents and teachers who have students with special needs in educating and providing appropriate stimulation. Because the stimulation given to the crew will be different in stages. This research data collection technique is divided into 3 parts, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique of this research is divided into 2, namely data reduction and triangulation.
Enzymatic esterification/transesterification of rice bran acid oil for subsequent γ-oryzanol recovery
Authors: Usaku Chonlatep , Yahya Asdarina Binti , Daisuk Phannipha , Shotipruk Artiwan
Published: May 2023

This study recovered γ-oryzanol from rice bran acid oil (RBAO), following an initial enzymatic esterification/transesterification to selectively convert its glyceride impurities into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) or biodiesel. γ-oryzanol was then deprotonated and separated from the biodiesel into the resulting aqueous phase via acid-base extraction. Herein, we determine the effects of varying reaction conditions, i.e., ethanol:RBAO molar ratio, temperature, reaction time, enzyme loading, and agitation speed, on the degrees of glyceride removal, γ-oryzanol loss, free fatty acid (FFA) remaining, and biodiesel content. Up to 100% glyceride removal was achieved with a relatively high biodiesel yield (84%) and γ-oryzanol loss as low as 26% under our most suitable reaction conditions (5:1 ethanol:RBAO molar ratio, 40 °C, 24 h reaction time, 10%wt enzyme loading, 200 rpm agitation). Furthermore, of the remaining oryzanol, up to 94% was recovered by the acid-base extraction with 2-4 M ethanolic NaOH solution. Our results suggest that a combination of enzymatic esterification/transesterification with subsequent acid-base extraction offers an efficient alternative approach to the simultaneous production of biodiesel and γ-oryzanol recovery from low-cost RBAO. Based on our analysis of techno-economic and environmental sustainability, integration of the present method into a rice bran oil refinery would make the process profitable, with the minimum use of toxic chemicals and energy.
Development of Inclusive Economy as the Basis of Economic Growth of the Global Economy
Authors: Krysovatyy Andriy , Zvarych Iryna , Brodovska Oksana , Shevchenko Iryna , Krasnorutskyy Oleksiy
Published: May 2023

The authors of the research paper conducted a comprehensive examination of the theoretical underpinnings of the definition of the term "inclusive economy" by reviewing contemporary economists' specialized literature. Based on the analysis, the authors reached the conclusion that there is currently no universal definition of the concept of inclusive economy. Therefore, to fully examine the research topic, the authors identified various approaches to defining the concept. Based on the analysis, the authors of the study created a matrix of SWOT analysis, in which weaknesses and strengths, opportunities and threats are compared and strategies for further development are obtained. According to the analysis, strengths prevail. Also, it was concluded that in today's conditions inclusive economy has great potential and opportunities for effective implementation. Therefore, in this case, for the qualitative development of an inclusive economy in its further activities, it is necessary to choose a "strengths and opportunities" strategy, in which the country must take active actions to strengthen its economic positions. Analyzing all the abovementioned information, the authors put forward a conceptual approach that utilizes the method of implementing inclusive economic development.
Improving the Avoidant Personality Disorder Prediction for Higher Education Using SMOTE-ENN and Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network
Authors: Nuanmeesri Sumitra , Poomhiran Lap
Published: May 2023

Adolescents in higher education are more prone to Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD), which strongly affects academic achievement. The goal of this study was to create models for accurate prediction of the likelihood of Avoidant Personality Disorder among students in higher education. Information Gain, Gain Ratio, and Wrapper Approach are used as feature selection methods combined with data resampling techniques and machine learning, including Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine. The findings revealed that the Wrapper approach gave higher accuracy than Information Gain and Gain Ratio approach. Further, using the Gain Ratio approach gives the model a slightly higher efficiency than the Information Gain. Furthermore, when comparing feature selection and data resampling, it was found that the model using feature selection had more higher model efficiency than data resampling alone. Additionally, combining the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique with Edited Nearest Neighbor (SMOTE-ENN) considerably increased the model’s effectiveness. Finally, the model’s efficiency was at its maximum, with an accuracy of 95.52%, when the Wrapper approach was used in conjunction with the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique, the Edited Nearest Neighbor algorithm, and the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network.
Virtual Multimedia Assisted Learning with Assignment Models to Improve the Competence of Electrical Protection Systems
Authors: Sriadhi Sriadhi , Hamid Abdul , Siagian Sahat , Sutopo Adi , Adhitya Wisnu Rayhan
Published: May 2023

Competency learning outcomes about electrical protection systems are not optimal, due to several weaknesses in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the effect of multimedia-assisted learning on the concept mastery in protection systems. Subsequently, a quasi-experiment was carried out by integrating the mastery of concepts in the case-method and team-based project learning. The results of the study prove that multimedia-assisted learning is effective in increasing the mastery of concepts. The learning outcomes did not differ between the case method and the team-based project.
Allah’ın Kulların İrâdî Fiillerini Önceden Bilmediğini Öne Süren Görüşün Tefsir İlmi Açısından Kritiği
Authors: ÇELİKEL Fatih
Published: May 2023

Kur'ân-ı Kerim'deki bazı ayetler ilk bakışta Cenâb-ı Hakk'ın bir takım şeyleri sonradan bilmekte olduğu şeklinde anlaşılabilecek yapıdadır. Bu gibi ayetlerden hareketle Cenâb-ı Hakk'ın kulların irâdî fiillerini sonradan bildiği öne sürülmüştür. Tarihi kökeni Cehmiyye'ye kadar uzanan bu görüş günümüzde Abdülaziz Bayındır tarafından savunulmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili temel referans olarak gösterdiği ayetleri zahiri anlamları üzerinden anlayan ve açıklayan bir yaklaşımı benimseyen Abdülaziz Bayındır, başta Muhammed sûresinin otuz birinci ayeti ile benzer mefhumdaki diğer ayetlerin Allah'ın kulların ihtiyârî fiillerini önceden bilmediğine delâlet ettiğini öne sürmektedir. Bu çalışmada tefsir ilminin temel usûl kaideleri çerçevesinde Bayındır'ın görüşlerine gerekçe olarak sunduğu aklî ve naklî deliller incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda tahlîl ve eleştiri yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Bayındır'ın tezine dayanak olarak incelediği ayetleri yorumlarken ortaya koyduğu usûlün farklı ayetler üzerinden sağlaması yapılmış, bu usûlün isabetli ve sahih bir anlama ve yorumlama metodolojisi sunmadığı görülmüştür. Bayındır'ın tezine dayanak olarak öne sürdüğü ayetlerin Allah'ın kulların irâdî fiillerini sonradan bildiğine değil, ezelî ilminde bildiği şeyleri ortaya çıkarmasına delâlet ettiği görülmüştür.
Creating New Abilities with Language
Authors: Watson Douglas
Published: May 2023

This article explains how new abilities are acquired when speaking a language that I call the Soral language. The language is created with the aid of computer technology that organizes the words in a way that enables our brain to attach meaning to the sound of the words. The following abilities are acquired when speaking the language.

The ability to understand the meaning of words that have never been heard before or seen in a book.

Improved ability to recall words from memory.

Larger vocabulary.

Improved conversational skills.

Improved understanding of the meaning of words.

Ability to understand medical and other technical terms without formal training.

Ability to learn the language more easily than other languages.
Нормы-дефиниции в механизме публично-правового регулирования
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Mokhov Artem Yu.
Published: May 2023

The article outlines the essence and purpose of norms-definitions (legal definitions) as special legal and technical means that underlie industry regulation. The distinctive features of legal definitions are indicated (the function of clarifying the basic concepts in the industry, the focus on the uniform application of norms and rules of conduct); a mandatory property of definitions is the connection with constitutional norms (clarification of constitutional terms and provisions for the purpose of sectoral regulation), which is due to the supreme legal force of the Basic Law. The main rules for the inclusion of new norms-definitions in the text of a normative legal act are identified, which allow avoiding tautology and «superfluous» definitions that have no practical application and system-forming significance. From the point of view of a systematic analysis of the meaning of norms-definitions for public law regulation, the inclusion of the concept of «a unified system of public authority» in the Federal Law «On the State Council of the Russian Federation» is criticized.
The Interrelation and Cooperation between Public Administration Spheres in the Republic of South Africa
Authors:   Head of the Department of the Judiciary, Civil Society and Law Enforcement of the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, LL.D., Professor, Kucherenko Petr A. , Aliev Ramiz A. ,   Teaching Assistant of the Department of the Judiciary, Civil Society and Law Enforcement of the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, PhD (Law)
Published: May 2023

The article deals with certain issues related to the participation of public authorities and local governments in the Republic of South Africa. An analysis is made of the main sensations in the organs, as well as the procedure for delegating certain diseases at the municipal level.
Subjectivity as the Main Scientific Problem of “Digital Law”: Development of a Hypothesis
Authors:   Head of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Director of the Center for Research of Information Security and Digital Transformation Problems of the Saint Petersburg State University, LL.D., Professor, Arkhipov Vladislav V.
Published: May 2023

Digital law is a polysemous phrase widely used in contemporary legal studies. From the point of view of analytical jurisprudence, its central meaning is defined by the “pervasive digital technologies” (artificial intelligence, distributed ledger systems, etc.). Doctrinal understanding of the problems of digital law requires the identification of a universal problem, as which the article proposes as a hypothesis the problem of agency in the broad sense of the word. The approach can be argued deductively and inductively. From the deductive point of view, agency is the central problem of the general filed of the philosophy of law and, as such, it should also be seen in specific fields of knowledge. From the inductive point of view, in the main specific problems of certain “pervasive digital technologies” there is a common feature of their connection with the problem of agency, which is demonstrated in the article on the basis of the technology of artificial intelligence. Confirmation of the hypothesis of subjectivity as the main problem of digital law (or an academic convention regarding such a hypothesis) will mean the existence of a general doctrinal principle to be taken into account in various forms of law-making and lawenforcement activities in cases where the formal-legal method cannot be applied due to objective circumstance.
Development and Practices of Application of Laws in the Sphere of Control and Supervisory Activities: Reform Influence
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative and Financial Law of the Saint Petersburg State University, PhD (Law), Dmitrikova Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2023

The changes in the legislation in the field of control and supervisory activities have changed the model of state control (supervision), have influenced the application of legislation on administrative offenses. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the author draws conclusions about the results of judges' assessment of the grounds for bringing controlled persons to administrative responsibility for non-compliance with requirements, based on the rules for implementing “the regulatory guillotine”. Also attention is drawn to the application of legislation on state control (supervision) in a system with branch of legislative regulation, legislation on administrative offenses.
Determination of Cefuroxime Axetil in Tablet by HPLC, UV and First-Order Derivative Spectroscopy Methods & Plasma by UV Spectroscopy Method
Authors: TURAN Atakan , KADIOĞLU Yücel
Published: May 2023

It was aimed to develop and validate the UV spectroscopic, the first-order derivative spectroscopy, and the HPLC method for determination of cefuroxime axetil in bulk and tablets and also in spiked human plasma samples by UV spectroscopy method. In the spectroscopic analyses, the maximum absorbance of cefuroxime axetil in acetonitrile was obtained at 277 nm wavelength in the spectra. In first-order derivative spectroscopy method, two peaks were observed in spectra, a maximum at 258 nm and a minimum at 298 nm. 298 nm wavelength was used in the study. In HPLC-UV study, parameters were chosen as follows: C18 column, 0.1% acetic acid-acetonitrile (30:70; v/v) for mobile phase, 1.0 mL/min of flow rate, 280 nm of wavelength, 10 μL of injection volume and etodolac (2.5 μg/mL) as internal standard. Accuracy, precision, recovery, linearity and sensitivity parameters were determined for each of the three methods. Developed and validated methods were successfully applied on 4 tablets which are named as Cefaks, Cefurol, Aksef ve Enfexia. As a result, it is claimed that proposed method is sensitive, precise, accurate, and successfully used in quality control studies in the drug industry.
Impact of climate change on rice production in African countries: A panel data analysis
Authors:   West Bengal State University, Mukhopadhyay D , Das D
Published: May 2023

Agriculture plays a key role in the overall economic and social wellbeing in Africa. Now, Africa appears to emerge as a key player in food production because there exists enormous unused land for cultivation. On the basis of availability of data, this study aims at investigating the impact of the climate change on rice production in the twenty-five African countries from 2002 to 2014 following a static panel data approach using World Bank and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) data. Considering CO2 (Carbon Di Oxide) emissions as average precipitation in depth and temperature change as climate change indicators along with other control variables such as fertilizer consumption and use of pesticides, this study observes that these climate indicators have significant adverse impact in explaining variations in spatial and temporal change in rice production in African countries. It may be demonstrated from the empirical analysis that those climate variables like CO2 emissions, pesticide use and temperature change are statistically significant at a 5 %, 10 % and 5 % levels, respectively. All the indicators have negative effects on rice production in African countries. The coefficients associated with these indicators are negative and statistically significant indicating that higher CO2 emissions adversely affect rice production in Africa. Moreover, pesticides used per kg in production have an inverse relation with rice production in this continent. Further, temperature harms rice production in African countries. Temperature changes negatively affect rice production as indicated by its coefficient value being -199958.10. The results also demonstrate that adaptation of new rice seed varieties that are more tolerant to higher temperature will be more effective in response to climate change. The study suggests that there is need for enormous development in the agriculture sector, to reach the ultimate goal. In particular, development of irrigation system and large-scale funding by the government in African countries is required. Key words: Rice Production, Climate Change, Static Panel Approach, Average Precipitation
Impact of contract farming on the income of smallholder dairy farmers from Nyagatare district in the Eastern Province of Rwanda
Authors:   Bank of Kigali, Ntaganira E , Taremwa NK ,   University of Rwanda, Majiwa E ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Niyitanga F , Uwimana P
Published: May 2023

The demand for dairy milk and its products is projected to increase significantly in the developing countries by the year 2030. Globally, close to 6 billion people consume milk and other dairy products due to rising earnings, population expansion, urbanization, and dietary changes. The projected increase in demand for dairy milk and its products thus requires enhanced productivity by the dairy farmers. However, dairy farming is relatively capital intensive which requires dairy farmers to have disposal income to run the venture. Contract farming is gradually being embraced in Rwanda as a viable option to help farmers increase dairy productivity. The impact of contract farming on dairy farmers’ incomes is however not well documented in the Rwandan context. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of contract farming on smallholder dairy farmers’ income in Rwanda among smallholders’ dairy farmers in Nyagatare District. Following the stratification and purposive sampling of two sectors, random sampling of two villages from each of those sectors allowed for the systematic and purposive sampling of representative households and farmers. Data from 214 smallholder dairy farmers were collected using structured interviews and document reviews. The multivariate logistic analysis and propensity score matching was used for data analysis in Stata Version 15. The findings showed that smallholder dairy farmers adopting contract farming earned on average 135,000 RWF (135$) more than their non-adopter counterparts. Further, contract farming was found to have a significant positive impact on income among smallholder dairy farmers in Nyagatare district. However, the impact of contract farming on farmer incomes could be further augmented by increasing the heads of cattle owned per farmer, to at least more than 30. Government intervention is one way to achieve this. The government, in collaboration with businesses like Heifer International, can give heifers to small-scale dairy farmers. Key words: Contract farming, Income, Smallholder dairy farmers, Impact, Rwanda
Farmers’ perception on the effects and management of saline water on soil and crops within Kilifi and Kwale Counties
Authors:   Pwani University, Oluoch OB , Muindi EM , Gogo EO
Published: May 2023

Coastal Kenya is arid and semi-arid. Farmers in coastal Kenya use saline borehole irrigation water for crop production. There is limited information regarding the perception of farmers on effect and management of salinity on crop production. This study assessed farmers’ perception on effects and management of saline water on soil and crops in coastal Kenya. The study was carried out in Kilifi County (Kaloleni, Magarini and Kilifi sub-Counties) and Kwale County (Msambweni and Matuga sub-Counties). A purposive sampling procedure was used to select farmers from the two study sites. Farmers owning boreholes and practicing irrigated agriculture for at least three calendar years were selected per site resulting in a sample size of 30 farmers from each county. Data were obtained from sampled farmers through interviews and structured questionnaires. The farmers’ survey was undertaken using a single - visit survey approach. Data collected were divided into four subsections, which include, socio-demographic profiles, farmers’ sources of information on crop production, history of borehole water, crops grown and soil and water management. Survey data were coded and analyzed using SPSS software, version 14. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that all (100 %) household size in Kilifi County and 92.2 % of Kwale County consisted of four or less members, showing that the smaller household sizes depended on irrigated crop production either for food or income generation. Radio was the most common means of communication (Kilifi 90 % and Kwale 87.5 %) through national and vernacular languages. Farmers in Kilifi County (93.3 %) and Kwale County (86.7 %) did not belong to any agricultural society. This meant that some farmers lacked information on the advantages and how agricultural societies are formed. Farmers growing crops under irrigation in Kwale County obtained water from boreholes. Farmers in both counties never tested the quality of borehole water used to irrigate their crops. All farmers (100 %) in Kwale County and 86.7 % in Kilifi County reported gradual decline in yield, 13.3 % of famers in Kilifi County reported stunted growth, 84.6 % of farmers from Kilifi County and 78.6 % from Kwale County reported that salts in irrigation water (indicated by white residues on soil after irrigation) accumulate in soil over time that degraded the soil and harmed plants. Farmers in both counties (Kilifi 84.6 % and Kwale 64.3 %) use manure during planting to manage their soils. Key words: Salinity, Farmers’ perception, Soil and water management, Irrigation water quality
Skłirowany Kraków. Na marginesie refleksji o mapowaniu kłirowych przestrzeni
Authors: Hajdarowicz Inga , Nawojski Radosław
Published: May 2023

Artykuł odnosi się do koncepcji kłirowej przestrzeni (ang. queer space) i jej zastosowania w badaniach. Omówiono w nim teoretyczne i empiryczne zmagania zaobserwowane w trakcie realizacji projektu badawczego, którego celem było zmapowanie przestrzeni kłirowych w Krakowie. W pierwszej części przedstawiono szerszy kontekst i etapy badań: archiwalnych, wywiadów opartych na mapach szkicowych oraz wykorzystania narzędzi arcGIS. Następnie skupiono się na rozważaniach wokół mapowania kłirowych przestrzeni, zwracając uwagę na problemy definicyjne, kontekstualność tego zagadnienia oraz częstą nieprzystawalność problemów poruszanych w literaturze przedmiotu do lokalnych warunków. Dyskusja ta stała się dla autorów okazją do omówienia prób lokalnych reinterpretacji kłirowych przestrzeni, wychodzących z przeprowadzonych przez nich badań i narracji rozmówców/rozmówczyń.
CONSTRUCTION OF MULTILEVEL STATISTICAL MODELS FOR PREDICTING WETTABILITY INDICATORS OF EASTERN LAMBEISHOR AND YAREYU FIELDS
Authors: Saetgaraev Almir D. , Galkin Vladislav I. , Putilov Ivan S. , Nevolin Anton I.
Published: May 2023

Link for citation: Saetgaraev A.D., Galkin V.I., Putilov I.S., Nevolin  A.I. Сonstruction of multilevel statistical models for predicting wettability indicators of Eastern Lambeishor and Yareyu fields. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.63-69. In Rus.
The relevance. All domestic standards for laboratory studies of core oil and gas reservoirs prescribe to clean it from hydrocarbons by extraction. Cleaning of core samples is included in the stage of preparation for the main types of research. For this, a wide range of different solvents and special extraction and distillation apparatuses are used. Core samples placed in the apparatus undergo multiple cleaning cycles for a long time with high -temperature exposure. This approach to the preparation of core samples is traditional and is used for both standard and special studies. However, extraction leads to a distorted understanding of the natural wettability of the rock surface, which is subject to change and, as a rule, hydrophilizes. In this regard, it is of scientific and practical interest to assess rock wettability at various stages of sample preparation – before and after the extraction. The main aim: development of a methodology for predicting the wettability of core samples before extraction from hydrocarbons using statistical research methods. Objects: core samples of the Zadonskaya deposit (D3zd) of the Eastern Lambeishor field, Artinskaya (P1ar) and Assel-Sakmarskaya (P1a+s) deposits of the Yareyu field. Methods: Amott (Amott–Harvey) method, statistical methods. Results. With the help of a set of laboratory studies using various statistical methods, a methodology was developed for predicting the values of the wettability index for oil before extraction based on the porosity and permeability properties of core samples.
NEW APPROACH TO SIMULATION AND EFFICIENCY PREDICTION OF PRECIPITATION AND GEL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY METHODS
Authors: Fedorov Konstantin M. , Gilmanov Aleksandr Ya. , Shevelev Aleksandr P.
Published: May 2023

Link for citation: Fedorov K.M., Gilmanov A.Ya., Shevelev A.P. New approach to simulation and efficiency prediction of precipitation and gel enhanced oil recovery methods. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.85-93. In Rus.
Relevance. The problem of conformance improvement by precipitation and gel technologies application may be associated with mathematical objective with infinitesimal parameter in which size of gel plug placement in the near wellbore zone of injector is significantly less than interwell distance. Existing approaches to modeling this problem do not allow describing all the effects associated with low-volume injections. The objective of the article is to suggest the approach to simulation and efficiency prediction of precipitation and gel injection technologies. Objects: oil reservoirs on which precipitation and gel enhanced oil recovery methods are used. Materials and methods. New approach to modeling such a problem consists of gluing the optimization objective of injection profile conformance and objective of the prediction of surrounding producers’ response. This approach is briefly described in the paper and is validated by the comparison of calculated data with the results of statistical processing of the data of precipitation and gel enhanced oil recovery technologies application on the fields of one of Russian oil companies. Results. Processing of the accumulated field experience in the use of these technologies has shown that the specific values of additional oil production after the operation of conformance improvement grow with the increase in the introduced criterion of processing efficiency – the conformance improvement coefficient and, conversely, decrease with a drop in the well injectivity coefficient after processing. The proposed approach to forecasting and evaluating the effectiveness of the use of technologies to conformance control is the basis of a line of mathematical models for the use of gel, precipitation and suspensions injection technologies.
MAGNETIC-PULSED TREATMENT TO IMPROVE THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF DEFECTIVE SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES
Authors: Schipachev Andrey M. , Aljadly Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Link for citation: Schipachev A.M., Mohammed Aljadly. Magnetic-pulse treatment to improve the strength properties of defective sections of oil and gas pipelines. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.7-16.In Rus.
The relevance. During the operation of oil and gas pipelines, continuity defects (including point and linear defects such as delamination, cracks of various nature, etc.) occur in their structure. The peculiarity of material continuity defects is caused by the fact that in the process of loading the defects cause stress concentration near their tops, which leads to a rapid increase in their number and geometric dimensions, followed by the merging of the latter and the formation of large discontinuities, and as a consequence, the strength properties of pipelines decrease. Consequently, early detection of metal continuity defects and their elimination before they reach a critical size are urgent tasks. The solution of which will significantly improve the operational and strength properties of the working elements of pipelines and extend their lifespan. The main aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of magnetic-pulse treatment to improve the strength properties of used oil and gas pipelines by reducing the defects size. Objects: defective sections of main oil and gas pipelines. Methods: magnetic pulse treatment of samples on a magnetic-pulse unit MPU-10-SSAU 10, determination of temperature changes caused by magnetic-pulse treatment, testing samples for impact strength on a pendulum-testing machine, comparison of the obtained results for treated and untreated samples, determination of the effect of magnetic-pulse treatment on the strength properties of gas pipeline metal, study of the fracture surface of samples after impact tests. Results. It was established experimentally that the impact strength of the treated samples increased by 14 % compared to the untreated samples. Snapshots of the temperature distribution during the magnetic-pulse treatment showed a significant increase in temperature near the crack tips. It was found that destruction of the metal subjected to magnetic-pulse action acquired more viscous character.
INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF STEAM INJECTION INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A GAS-STEAM PLANT ON ITS ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Galashov Nikolay N. , Tubolev Alexander A. , Minor Alexander A. , Boldushevsky Evgeny S.
Published: May 2023

Link for citation: Galashov N.N., Tubolev A.A., Minor  A.A., Boldushevsky E.S.  Influence of the temperature of steam injection into the combustion chamber of a gas-steam plant on its energy characteristics. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.27-36. In Rus.
The relevance the work is caused by the need to improve thermal schemes and optimization of the parameters of gas-steam plants for reducing the consumption of such an energy resource as natural gas in electricity generation, which will also reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the environment. Purpose: to carry out, according to the developed methodology, a versatile parametric analysis with the choice of the optimal parameters of the operating modes of the proposed thermal schemes of gas-steam plants to improve their energy efficiency. Objects: gas-steam plants with the release of electricity based on gas turbines with steam injection into the combustion chamber. Methods: numerical methods of research based on material and energy balances of systems, as well as elements of gas-steam plants. Results. Based on the calculation of the thermal scheme of a gas-steam plant with electricity generation, the authors compared the effect on its energy characteristics of a constant and variable temperature of steam injection into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine plant. It was determined that the temperature of the injected steam into the combustion chamber significantly affects the range of parameters of the gas-steam plant. Increasing the compression ratio in the compressor and the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the combustion chamber lead to decrease in the range of parameters in comparison with the operation of a gas-steam plant with a constant temperature of the injected steam into the combustion chamber. In this case, the range of change in the temperature of the injected vapor with an increase in the degree of compression in the compressor and the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the combustion chamber is significantly reduced. It was established that the to its constant temperature at the same gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber and the minimum compression ratio in the compressor for this temperature increases the net electrical efficiency from 1 % at gas temperature of 1600 °С to 3 % at gas temperature of 1100 °C.
Los contextos funerarios de fines del Horizonte Medio en la Necrópolis de Ancón. Perspectivas de análisis e investigación
Authors: Segura Rafael
Published: May 2023

En el presente trabajo se expone brevemente las potencialidades de análisis de una muestra de contextos funerarios provenientes del sitio de Ancón, asignados a la Época 4 del Horizonte Medio y excavados entre 1946 y 1949 por diversos equipos de arqueólogos peruanos. Dicho análisis supone el empleo de una metodología apropiada de reconstrucción de los contextos mismos, a partir de los registros (gráficos y escritos) y de los materiales arqueológicos que hasta hoy se han preservado.
Material diagnóstico del Periodo Formativo en los valles de Chao y Santa, costa norte del Perú
Authors: Cárdenas Mercedes
Published: May 2023

Como resultado de trabajos realizados por la autora en estos valles, se recogieron una serie de datos de sitios arqueológicos pertenecientes al Periodo Formativo. El valle de Chao se ubica al norte del Santa y ambos tienen en común los cursos casi paralelos de sus cauces yen sus partes media existen rutas de comunicación entre sí y con la sierra vecina desde el Periodo Precerámico. En este trabajo se presenta cerámica incisa de excavación y de superficie así como adobes cónicos en sitios con arquitectura monumental.
La dinámica del valle de Casma durante el Periodo Inicial
Authors: Pozorski Shelia , Pozorski Thomas
Published: May 2023

Algunos de los complejos arquitectónicos más grandes en el Nuevo Mundo se construyeron en el valle de Casma durante el Periodo Inicial (2500-1000 a.C.), y se contaron entre los más espectaculares de su época. En este artículo se presentan resultados preliminares de excavaciones realizadas por los autores en esa zona, las cuales proveen de información sobre las interrelaciones entre los dos sitios principales, Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke y el Complejo de Sechín Alto. Las evidencias de arquitectura, cerámica y otros artefactos reflejan también relaciones con otros sitios costeños de la región. Al parecer, el desarrollo temprano casmeño fue autónomo y las conexiones con otros sitios contemporáneos fuera del valle fueron limitados.
La cerámica de Kuntur Wasi y el problema Chavín
Authors: Inokuchi Kinya
Published: May 2023

Las investigaciones en Kuntur Wasi, realizadas desde 1988 por la Misión Arqueológica de la Universidad de Tokio, han sacado a luz varios datos significativos para el Periodo Formativo, tales como estructuras ceremoniales superpuestas, monolitos de piedra y objetos de oro hallados en las tumbas especiales. Este artículo presenta la cronología del sitio basada en resultados de análisis tipológico de la cerámica. Teniendo en cuenta las comparaciones de ésta y los fechados radiocarbónicos, se plantea que el gran cambio ocurrido en la segunda fase de Kuntur Wasi no se puede interpretar como la aceptación del "culto Chavín" o la distribución de "cerámica relacionada con Janabarriu" sino como la intrusión de un grupo perteneciente a la cultura Cupisnique de la costa norte. Los cambios ocurridos en los templos de la sierra como Kuntur Wasi y Chavín de Huantar, están relacionados con el abandono de los centros ceremoniales de la costa alrededor de 800-700 a.C.
Excavaciones en San Jacinto, templo en "U" en el valle de Chancay
Authors: Carrión Lucenida
Published: May 2023

San Jacinto es el complejo en U más grande del valle de Chancay. Por excavaciones llevadas a cabo en 1983, la autora propone una secuencia de cuatro fases basada en tipología cerámica y comparaciones con otros sitios, particularmente con Ancón y Curayacu. En la fase III se observa contacto con otros sitios como la aparición del estilo "Dragoniano" también presente en Ancón, Huacoy, Garagay y Chavín de Huantar. En la fase IV la cerámica es semejante a la de la fase Janabarriu. Cambios correspondientes también se observan en la arquitectura. La autora interpreta San Jacinto como centro de un sistema sociopolítico que dominaba el medio y bajo valle de Chancay.
Importancia de las Salinas de San Blas durante el Periodo Formativo en la sierra central del Perú
Authors: Morales Daniel
Published: May 2023

Basado en excavaciones en el sitio de San Blas en 1974, el autor presenta una secuencia desde el Periodo Arcaico Tardío al Periodo Intermedio Temprano, complementada con una breve descripción del tardío estilo San Blas (tardío Periodo Intermedio Temprano al Horizonte Tardío) usando analogías de fuentes etnohistóricas. Discute la importancia de la producción de sal y la conexión con otras áreas como Kotosh, Huánuco, y el flanco oriental de los Andes (Palcamayo, Tarma, Chanchamayo) mostrando que la zona de Chinchaycocha no estaba aislada sino más bien conectada de forma estrecha a sistemas más amplios.
Los cerros sagrados: panorama del Periodo Formativo en la cuenca del Vilcanota, Cuzco
Authors: Zapata Julinho
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo presenta nuevas evidencias del Periodo Formativo en la cuenca del río Vilcanota, a raíz de prospecciones y excavaciones dentro del Proyecto Arqueológico Huaro. La distribución de los sitios varía en el tiempo. En el Formativo Medio y Tardío se ubican en las zonas productoras de maíz y papas, sobre colinas y cerros que fueron transformados. Las excavaciones efectuadas en Batan Urqo y Muyu Urqo revelaron restos de patios hundidos como vestigios de un sistema ideológico religioso, en el cual los cerros sagrados fueron sus puntos de conexión, como parte de un mapa geográfico cognitivo. Estas nuevas evidencias descubiertas para la región del Cuzco indican contactos y relaciones estrechas con la región del Titicaca.
Reflexiones finales: problemas y perspectivas
Authors: Kaulicke Peter
Published: May 2023

El artículo no presenta resumen
Una reevaluación del desarrollo de la sociedad compleja durante el Precerámico Tardío en base a los fechados radiocarbónicos y a las investigaciones arqueológicas en el valle de Casma
Authors: Pozorski Thomas , Pozorski Shelia
Published: May 2023

En muchos aspectos, los sitios precerámicos de Casma son típicos de las ocupaciones precerámicas del resto del Perú. Sin embargo, en los sitios de Tortugas y Huaynuná de Casma se encuentran los inicios de la arquitectura no doméstica o monumental. Además, en el sitio de Huaynuná tambien hay evidencia de una ocupación "acerámica" que coexistía con los primeros asentamientos con cerámica del Periodo Inicial o Formativo Temprano. El reconocimiento de los sitios acerámicos en Casma llamó la atención a otros sitios que, aunque carecen de cerámica, tienen fechados radiocarbónicos después de 1800 a.C., es decir durante lo que típicamente se consideraba como el Formativo Temprano. Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones con respecto a la hipótesis marítima y el desarrollo de la sociedad compleja en la costa peruana.
Los estudios del Periodo Arcaico en el Perú: logros, problemas y propuestas
Authors: Kaulicke Peter
Published: May 2023

El artículo no presenta resumen