bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of Savings among Maize Farmers in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar Haruna S. , Peter Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

The study examined level of savings among maize farmers in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 80 respondents in the study area. Primary data were collected using well-structured  questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multiple Linear Regression. The results show that half of the  respondents (50.0%) were within the age bracket of 21 - 40 years with a mean age of 42 years. Majority (83.8%) of the respondents were married. About 26.2% of the respondents had between 11 and 15 years of farming experience. More than half (56.2%) of the respondents belong to one cooperative association or another. Most of the respondents (81.2%) had access to extension contact with 46.3% of the respondents operating savings accounts with commercial banks. Household size (0.819**), farming experience (-0.589**), membership of association (-5.635**) and revenue from maize farming (0.00028**) were significant at 5% and constitute major determinants of savings in the study area. It is recommended that efforts should be made to increase earnings from maize farming through improved productivity by appropriate extension service. Also, savings with the financial institutions by the maize farmers should be encouraged through whittling down of administrative bottlenecks and, through extension of collateral-free credit facilities to them.

Keywords: Savings, maize farmers, commercial banks
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
Authors: Haverila Matti , Rangarajan Akshaya
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the presentation is to briefly describe what non-pharmaceutical interventions are and how the NPIs are particularly critical in the early stages of the spreading of conventional and especially pandemic influenzas flus. The presentation indicate that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) consist of Personal protective measures for everyday use, personal protective measures reserved for influenza pandemics, environmental measures and community measures aimed at increasing social distancing. Furthermore, the presentation discusses the spreading of the viruses and how the NPIs can alleviate the negative impacts of the virus before effective vaccinations become available. Some practical examples about the use of NPIs are demonstrated.
Heart Failure Related to Large Hiatus Hernia: A case report
Authors: EROL Ali , KOCA Nizameddin , ARİCAN OZLUK Ozlem
Published: March 2021

Heart failure is a disease that may present with various presentations depending on different etiological factors. External pressure on the heart is one of the rare causes that can cause heart failure. Here, we presented a 73-year-old female patient with inoperable endometrial cancer who developed heart failure due to hiatal hernia compression.
Single center experience in patients with a diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: CANDAR Ömer , ÖZKALEMKAŞ Fahir , OZKOCAMAN Vildan , ERSAL Tuba , PINAR İbrahim Ethem , YALÇIN Cumali , ORHAN Bedrettin
Published: March 2021

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an infrequent disease. It is associated with a favorable prognosis. The most important problems with the management of the disease are relapses, transformation to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and treatment-related toxicities. In early stages of disease, watchful waiting, surgery, radiotherapy, and single-agent rituximab are the treatment options. Chemo-immunotherapy may be preferred in early disease with high tumor and symptom burden. In advanced disease, chemo-immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy is used. Good responses can be achieved in relapsed disease. The risk of transformation is high. It is reasonable to obtain re-biopsies at relapses. Transformed disease and the primary disease have been shown to be clonally-related in most cases. Prognosis of transformed disease which is treated with salvage chemo-immunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is similar to that of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All of the data regarding the treatment come from retrospective data.
Generalized linear modeling of a panel mobility index with correlated multivariate categorical responses
Authors: Lazar Drew M. , Begum Munni
Published: March 2021

Data with multivariate, longitudual categorical responses often occur in applications. It can be difficult to analyze and model such data while simultaneously taking into account explanatory variables and correlations between the responses over time. We take a generalized linear model approach to this problem in analyzing panel data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) that includes older Americans’ mobility over several years as a response. We provide a general formula for the likelihood of such data and apply it to the case when there are three binary responses. This approach can be taken, with computational limits, for data with multivariate, categorical responses with any number of categories. We consider, simultaneously, interpretations of coefficients, dependence of responses and goodness-of-fit in reduced models for parsimony while taking into account explanatory data. The gradient of the objective function is provided for use in gradient descent and the coded optimization algorithm is tested with a Monte Carlo simulation. Dependence of responses in mobility is shown before taking explanatory variables into account, and dependence is shown in a Markov logistic regression model and in the generalized linear model taking into account race, age, gender and interactions between them.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PROVIDTER UNTUK KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS PESERTA DIDIK SMK KELAS XI PETERNAKAN
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui proses pengembangan media providter yang valid dan keefektifan penggunaan media providter dalam keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris (speaking). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R D) yang didasarkan pada teori dari Sivasailam Thiagarajan yang dikenal dengan teori 4 D. Teori ini terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu tahapan Define (pendifinisian), Design (perencanaan), Develop (pengembangan) dan Disseminate (penyebaran). Subjek penelitian ini yaitu media pembelajaran providter yang diterapkan peserta didik kelas XI program keahlian Agribisnis Ternak Ruminansia (ATRm) tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 yang sedang melaksanakan PKL (prakerin). Hasil penerapan media providter ini menunjukkan bahwa media ini dapat membantu peserta didik untuk meningktkan keterampilan berbicara mereka terutama pada materi teks prosedur untuk jurusan ATRm. Kekurangan media ini apabila terkena virus maka harus melakukan penginstalan ulang karena ada beberapa file yang hilang dan untuk beberapa file memerlukan jaringan internet yang memungkinkan peserta didik tidak dapat mengaksesnya apabila ada ganguan jaringan internet.
Effect of Price and Promotion on Car Purchase Decisions at PT Encar Daihatsu Lubuklinggau
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Ronal Ronal Aprianto , Melisa Melvin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of price and promotion on car purchasing decisions at PT Encar Daihatsu, Lubuklinggau City. The population in this study was 138 and the sample was 58 respondents. The data analysis method used is the regression test, correlation coefficient test, t test, determination coefficient test, and F test. Price results (X1) on Purchase Decisions (Y) have a significant effect with tcount of 5.074> t-table value of 1.673 significant 0.000 < 0.05. Promotion Results (X2) on Purchase Decisions (Y) have a significant effect with the tcount of 4.499> the ttable value of 1.673 significant 0.000 <0.05. Price (X1) and Promotion (X2) on Purchase Decision (Y) have a significant effect with the value of Fcount (27.461)> Ftable (3.18) significant 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion is that Price and Promotion have partial or simultaneous effect on Car Purchase Decisions at PT Encar Daihatsu, Lubuklinggau City.
Instrucciones para Autores
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Instrucciones para autores
Recomendaciones para la prevención de la transmisión perinatal del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en Costa Rica
Authors: Porras Oscar , León Bratti María Paz , Messino Julio Alfredo , Solano Chinchilla Antonio , Vargas Mejía Carmen , Víquez Ortiz Damaris
Published: March 2021

"Se conoce que la transmisión perinatal del VIH es prevenible con la toma de algunas medidas generales y otras específicas. La acción fundamental para lograr esta prevención es identificar temprano durante el embarazo, cuáles mujeres embarazadas están infectadas por VIH. Para conseguir este objetivo es necesario realizar la prueba del ELISA para VIH, a toda embarazada, en su primera consulta prenatal. Las guías para la prevención de la transmisión perinatal de VIH se desarrollaron con el fin de facilitar la aplicación de todas las acciones necesarias para prevenir latransmisión perinatal de VIH en Costa Rica, brindando una óptima atención médica a la madre y al recién nacido. Los elementos fundamentales de estas guías incluyen: tratamiento con 3 antirretrovirales a las mujeres embarazadas VIH+, a partir de la 12ava semana de gestación, uso intravenoso de Zidovudina en labor, vía de parto por cesárea, suspensión de la lactancia materna, y profilaxis con Zidovudina al recién nacido a partir de las 8 horas de edad. Las guías proveen también recomendaciones para proceder en situaciones especiales relacionadas con la embarazada VIH+ y su hijo."
Toxicidad cutánea a corto plazo de pacientes con cáncer de mama tratados con radioterapia hipofraccionada
Authors: Ruíz Rolando Loría , Reyes Rafael Lengua , García Erick Palacios , Soler Adriana Fondevilla
Published: March 2021

"Antecedentes: reportar la factibilidad y resultados de toxicidad cutánea en una cohorte de pacientes portadores de cáncer de mama, tratados con un esquema de hipofraccionamiento de radioterapia externa, con un manejo multidisciplinario."
Carta al Editor
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Carta al Editor
Análisis de pacientes drepanocíticos tratados con hidroxiurea en el Hospital Nacional de Niños
Authors: Rouse Rasheda Maitland , Muñoz Kathia Valverde
Published: March 2021

“Desde 1984 estudios comprobaron que la hidroxiurea aumentaba los niveles de hemoglobina fetal y del volumen corpuscular medio, por esta razón a partir de 1998 fue el primer fármaco aprobado para el tratamiento en la drepanocitosis. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la respuesta y complicaciones de los pacientes drepanocíticos en tratamiento con hidroxiurea en el Hospital Nacional de Niños.” Para ello los autores realizaron un estudio transversal retrospectivo en el que estudiaron 30 pacientes y les compararon parámetros hematológicos antes y después del uso de hidroxiurea. Concluyen los autores que “el uso de hidroxiurea en los pacientes drepanocíticos se asoció a una reducción en el número de hospitalizaciones por crisis vasoclusivas, al mismo tiempo se redujo el número de transfusiones anuales, sin efectos secundarios y sin comprometer la velocidad de crecimiento de los pacientes.”
Enfermedad de Chagas en un paciente con bloqueo trifascicular referido para colocación de marcapasos cardiaco
Authors: Sotelo Oswaldo Gutiérrez , Vargas Rose Marie Vargas
Published: March 2021

Se presenta el caso de un paciente procedente de lazona atlántica, inicialmente diagnosticado con cardiopatíahipertensiva e isquémica, referido para implante demarcapasos debido a bloqueo trifascicular (bloqueoatrioventricular, de la rama derecha y de la división anteriorde la rama izquierda del haz de His); después del implante,se reportó serología “positiva” para enfermedad de Chagas.Este fue el único caso de un total de 241 pacientes sometidosa implante de dispositivos cardiacos, que contaban conpruebas de tamizaje para esta enfermedad, en un periodode 22 meses; la mayoría, procedente las provincias de SanJosé, Cartago y Limón. Esta baja prevalencia ya ha sidoreportada en el país y contrasta con las cifras elevadas deotras naciones, en donde la enfermedad es endémica.
Revisión del uso de antibióticos de amplio espectro en el ambiente hospitalario privado en Costa Rica
Authors: Fernández José Miguel Chaverri , García Eugenia Cordero , Madriz José Pablo Díaz , Blanco Martha Moya , Brown Yulliana Vega
Published: March 2021

Los errores de prescripción en los antibióticos de amplio espectro conducen a problemas de resistencia bacteriana, lo que ha disminuido las opciones farmacológicas para tratar a los pacientes, aumentando los días de hospitalización y la mortalidad.
Carta al Editor
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Acta Médica Costarricense
Chikungunya: un virus que nos acecha
Authors: Aguilar Eugenia Corrales , Troyo Adriana , Arguedas Ólger Calderón
Published: March 2021

El virus chikungunya representa una amenaza para Costa Rica. Este arbovirus ha sido introducido al continente americano desde finales de 2013. Debido a sus características epidemiológicas y virológicas, y a la presencia de sus vectores en el país, este virus puede llegar a convertirse en la nueva enfermedad endémica de Costa Rica. Aunque el chikungunya tiene una baja tasa de mortalidad, su alta tasa de ataque podría colapsar el sistema de salud nacional durante una epidemia. En esta revisión se resume aspectos clínicos, virológicos, epidemiológicos y entomológicos relacionados con esta virosis, para identificar, diagnosticar y diferenciar posibles casos de fiebre por chikungunya en el país. Además, se enfatiza en el control epidemiológico y de vectores, para prevenir epidemias de esta enfermedad en Costa Rica.
Manejo hospitalario del paciente pediátrico con quemaduras de segundo y tercer grados, en un hospital regional
Authors: López Ivonne Cubillo
Published: March 2021

Antecedentes: las quemaduras en la población pediátrica son el segundo trauma más frecuente; la atención debe guiarse por evidencia científica que promueva un manejo adecuado. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el manejo hospitalario de las quemaduras de 2. y 3. grados, en pacientes pediátricos.
Mortalidad y egresos hospitalarios por enfermedad renal crónica compatibles con enfermedad crónica de causas no tradicionales, Costa Rica
Authors: Chavarría Ana Rivera , Chacón Ericka Méndez
Published: March 2021

Caracterizar de acuerdo al diagnóstico primario de defunción y diagnóstico egreso hospitalario proveniente de bases de datos de acceso libre, la evolución de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica, compatible con Enfermedad Renal Crónica de Causas no tradicionales entre 1990-2013, Costa Rica.
Síndrome Rendu Osler Weber asociado a Espondilodiscitis por Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Valverde Bianca Carranza , Cuadra Juan Ignacio Padilla , Madrigal Fabián Carballo
Published: March 2021

La telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria o síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber, es un desorden autonómico dominante, debido a mutaciones del gen de la endoglina o del gen de la cinasa análoga al receptor de activina. Dichaenfermedad se caracteriza por la presencia de telangiectasias en piel y mucosas, epistaxis recurrente y espontánea, además de malformaciones arteriovenosas en pulmones, cerebro y sistema gastrointestinal. Se ha reportado la asociación entre esta entidad e infecciones en diferentes sitios por Staphylococcus aureus. Los mecanismos de dicha predisposición incluyen la presencia de fístulas arteriovenosas y disfunción polimorfonuclear. Se reporta el caso de una paciente portadora de la enfermedad que asoció osteomielitis vertebral; requirió tratamiento antibiótico prolongado y cirugía de fusión e instrumentación de la columna vertebral a nivel torácico. Es necesario considerar este tipo de infecciones en pacientes con tal enfermedad, lo cual puede ayudar a la escogencia del tratamiento antibiótico y del manejo del paciente más expedito.
Prevalencia de la caquexia oncológica en pacientes a nivel de atención primaria: un enfoque paliativo
Authors: Arce Yirley Vargas , Gómez Leandra Abarca
Published: March 2021

La caquexia por cáncer es un síndrome multifactorial caracterizado por la pérdida de masa muscular (con o sin pérdida de tejido graso), que se asocia a un deterioro funcional y que no es posible revertir de manera completa solo con soporte nutricional. Su detección oportuna ayudaría a mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de la caquexia oncológica en el EBAIS de San Isidro, en el Área de Salud de Atenas, Alajuela, Costa Rica, en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en el período 2010 - 2013, con el propósito de identificar y caracterizar este problema para proponer medidas de prevención y control en el ámbito de la atención integral y cuidados paliativos.
Dr. Rodolfo Salazar Esquivel (1918-2004)
Authors: Jiménez Navarrete Manuel Francisco
Published: March 2021

El Dr. Salazar Esquivel pertenece a la familia Salazar josefina, que en tres generaciones aportó siete médicos a la Medicina costarricense. Su padre, Rafael Salazar Oreamuno, (qdDg), su madre, Elisa Esquivel Iglesias (qdDg), junto a 10 hijos, conformaron la familia Salazar Esquivel, mientras su núcleo familiar -Salazar Yglesias- lo integró junto a su esposa, Carmen María Yglesias Gutiérrez (qdDG) y sus hijos: María Elena, Rodolfo, José, Joaquín, Catalina y Clara.
Recomendaciones médicas para uveítis no infecciosas en adultos
Authors: León Céspedes Carlos , Espinoza Mora María del Rosario , Antillón Flores Fabián , Bolaños Araya Natalia , Chan Chen Henry , Mena González Hilda , Runnebaum Jiménez Arturo , Jiménez Solís Raquel , Pacheco Salazar Adolfo , Evans Tinoco Mónica , León Bratti María Paz
Published: March 2021

Justificación: las uveítis no infecciosas constituyen una importante causa de pérdida visual a nivel mundial; por su complejidad y gravedad de complicaciones requieren un abordaje temprano y multidisciplinario. En Costa Rica se desconoce hasta el momento la incidencia global de estas entidades y todavía no existe ningún consenso en cuanto a su manejo.

Objetivos: resumir las recomendaciones terapéuticas vigentes para uveítis no infecciosas en adultos y ofrecer una guía adaptada a la realidad costarricense.

Métodos: se efectuó una revisión no sistemática de bibliografía médica indexada en las plataformas PubMed y Scielo, sobre el manejo médico de las uveítis no infecciosas. De igual manera, se compararon los esquemas terapéuticos recomendados actualmente en América y Europa con el abordaje realizado en los centros hospitalarios costarricenses, para crear una guía adaptada a la realidad nacional. En la elaboración de estas recomendaciones participaron médicos especialistas de todas las clínicas multidisciplinarias especializadas en uveítis del país.

Conclusiones: en Costa Rica se cuenta con la mayoría de las opciones disponibles para el tratamiento de uveítis idiopáticas en el sistema público de salud. Se logró la creación de algoritmos de tratamiento para las diferentes patologías.

Descriptores: uveítis no infecciosa, inflamación ocular, autoinmunidad, inmunoterapia, catarata uveítica.
Enfermedad por hemoglobina H: primer caso de dobles heterocigotos hemoglobina Constant Spring / Sudeste Asiático en Costa Rica
Authors: Calderón Brenes Melissa , Porras Moreno Adriana , Granados Alfaro Paola , Cartín Sánchez Walter
Published: March 2021

La enfermedad por hemoglobina H es un cuadro clínico que se presenta en las alfa talasemias, las cuales son enfermedades que cursan con anemia microcítica hipocrómica, debidas principalmente a deleciones en el gen de alfaglobina, lo que disminuye la producción de la cadena de alfa globina y promueve la formación de variantes de hemoglobina. Cuando se detectan variantes de hemoglobina en las alfa talasemias, por lo general, se debe a genotipos homocigotas o dobles heterocigotas para mutaciones y deleciones del gen de alfa globina coheredadas. En este artículo se describe el primer caso en Costa Rica, de dos hermanos con enfermedad por hemoglobina H, que fenotípicamente presentaron las variantes de hemoglobina H y hemoglobina Constant Spring en el análisis electroforético de la hemoglobina, y cuyo análisis molecular del gen de alfa globina detectó tanto la deleción sudeste asiático como la mutación para hemoglobina Constant Spring, siendo diagnosticados como dobles heterocigotos por alfa talasemia (genotipo --SEA/ααCS).

Descriptores: hemoglobina, anemia, talasemia alfa, hemoglobina H.
Parto Humanizado
Authors: Palma Espinoza Marianela
Published: March 2021

Traer un nuevo ser al mundo es uno de los momentos más importantes en la vida de una mujer, y sin duda, una experiencia que marca el resto de sus días. Sin embargo, también es un momento de ansiedad y temor, no solo porque inicia una nueva etapa, sino que también sabemos que es una experiencia dolorosa y para muchas mujeres, traumática. La humanización del parto en las maternidades de nuestro país, tiene como objetivo brindar una atención calificada, adecuada, eficiente y oportuna, según los valores, costumbres y creencias de cada mujer, así como resguardar los derechos de la familia gestante.
Clorito Picado, Horacio Quiroga y el envenenamiento ofídico
Authors: Porras Oscar
Published: March 2021

El artículo de revisión que se publica en este número de Acta Médica Costarricense, escrito por Gutiérrez y cols., del Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP), ofrece a nuestros lectores un viaje a través de lo que ha sido el pasado y presente de la atención del envenenamiento ofídico en Costa Rica, y del problema de salud pública que representa. También se presenta un análisis de los asuntos pendientes en Costa Rica, y le aporta al lector una visión histórica y epidemiológica del problema en nuestro país y en el mundo. Es preciso resaltar el concepto que plantean los autores, de que “Costa Rica ha constituido una excepción en esta tendencia general de desatención” del problema, desarrollando acciones y constituyendo una plataforma tecnológica y de atención médica eficiente y efectiva, para que el país sea excepción y “referente internacional” sobre el tema.
Logros académicos en Geriatría y Gerontología en Costa Rica
Authors: Morales Martínez Fernando
Published: March 2021

El análisis panorámico de la información demográfica en Costa Rica y Latinoamérica evidencia el impacto que tiene y tendrá la demanda de servicios especializados en Geriatría y Gerontología, en los diferentes niveles de atención en un sistema nacional de salud y la comunidad. Esto involucra un enfoque multidisciplinario, interdisciplinario y transdisciplinario, por la complejidad inherente a las situaciones. El desarrollo histórico de la geriatría internacional y nacional, junto con los invaluablesaportes académicos mediante diferentes modalidades de enseñanza: educación médica continua, grado y postgrado, con la participación activa del Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social y de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, colocan al país en una posición aventajada en esta área de formación de recurso humano; los logros académicos obtenidos en los últimos 28 años permiten un escenario más optimista para las personas adultas mayores en el país.

Descriptores: Geriatría, Gerontología, docencia, demografía
THE HEADIC ISSUE OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION: AN EMERGENT CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE OF JOBS
Authors: Compaoré Issa , Ouédraogo Honoré , Nassè Dr. Théophile Bindeouè , Salakpi Andrew
Published: March 2021

The article goes through the different stages of human at work and it current practices then focuses on the digital revolution coming on. It explores the effects on jobs in the transport and banking sectors. What are the countries that are well prepared for that revolution? Are Africa and Burkina ready for the digital transformation? The lack of infrastructure is severe in some countries. The main keys are to strengthen the educations systems, to build a solid lifelong system and the use the tools of change management. The findings show that countries have an important role to play but also international organizations like ILO, UNESCO, OCED, EU, and AU.
Keywords: Digital revolution, Challenge, Jobs, Future.
Codeine for Acute Pain Related to Caesarean Section
Authors: Hill Shannon , Argáez Charlene
Published: March 2021

Caesarean section rates have increased over the past 3 decades. Caesarean section is often associated with acute post-operative abdominal pain and medications containing codeine have been used for pain management. There are concerns related to the use of codeine for this purpose, particularly regarding the potential for neonatal toxicity and opioid-related adverse events for the postpartum patient.

There is limited evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of codeine, with or without acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in patients who have undergone Caesarean section. One randomized controlled trial found that codeine in combination with paracetamol (i.e., acetaminophen) provided better pain relief compared to paracetamol only or placebo in patients with high levels of post-Caesarean section pain. However, no difference in pain relief was observed between codeine in combination with paracetamol, paracetamol only, or placebo in patients with moderate levels of post-Caesarean section pain.

No evidence was found regarding the clinical effectiveness of codeine alone for acute pain in this specific population.
New insight on nutrition and COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Benarba Bachir , Khaled Meghit Boumediene
Published: March 2021

The new emerging COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, first reported in Wuhan (China), that conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. The pandemic is threatening the food security and nutrition of millions of people worldwide.

The aim of this letter to editor is to summarize the most recent studies (cohort, case control, prospective, retrospective, descriptive observational, and cross sectional studies) carried out on the relationship between immunity against COVID-19 and nutrition.

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Elites, coalizões e Desenvolvimentos. Análise sobre a trajetória recente do Brasil
Authors: Gaitán Flavio , Boschi Renato
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho visa analisar o papel dos atores estratégicos e das coalizões sociopolíticas na formulação de um projeto de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, definido como um processo de transformação qualitativa da estrutura produtiva, com aumento do bem-estar geral e mudanças da estrutura da sociedade. Utilizando a literatura que relaciona o papel das coalizões e o desenvolvimento, focamos na trajetória recente do Brasil.
Atuação Anticíclica dos Bancos Públicos Brasileiros
Authors: Nogueira da Costa Fernando
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, testa-se a hipótese de que os verdadeiros fazedores do mercado de crédito bancário, para o período recente, foram os bancos públicos. Inicia-se com uma comparação das atuações desses bancos antes e depois de 2003, quando assumiu um governo social-desenvolvimentista no Brasil. Em seguida, focaliza-se a atuação social-desenvolvimentista do BNDES e, depois, o Programa de Financiamento Habitacional da Caixa Econômica Federal. Examina se a atuação anticíclica dos bancos públicos resultou em um crowding out creditício. Após comparar algumas características do sistema bancário brasileiro com as dos bancos de outros países emergentes, apresenta-se o modus operandi e as perspectivas futuras dos negócios bancários na economia brasileira. Encerra-se com uma breve conclusão que lista as principais virtudes e os eventuais defeitos dos bancos públicos brasileiros. Sugere uma possível solução para o problema de interferência política em suas direções.
Partial energy balance closure of eddy covariance evaporation measurements using concurrent lysimeter observations over grassland
Authors: Widmoser Peter , Michel Dominik
Published: March 2021

Abstract. With respect to ongoing discussions about the causes of energy imbalance and approaches to
force energy balance closure, a method has been proposed that allows partial latent heat flux
closure (Widmoser and Wohlfahrt, 2018). In the present paper, this method is applied to four
measurement stations over grassland under humid and semiarid climates, where lysimeter
(LY) and eddy covariance (EC) measurements were taken simultaneously. The results differ significantly from the ones reported in the literature. We distinguish between the resulting
EC values being weakly and strongly correlated to LY observations as well as
systematic and random deviations between the LY and EC values. Overall, an
excellent match could be achieved between the LY and EC measurements after applying
evaporation-linked weights. But there remain large differences between the standard deviations of the
LY and adjusted EC values. For further studies we recommend data collected at
time intervals even below 0.5 h. No correlation could be found between evaporation weights and weather indices. Only for some
datasets, a positive correlation between evaporation and the evaporation weight could be
found. This effect appears pronounced for cases with high radiation and plant water stress. Without further knowledge of the causes of energy imbalance one might perform full closure using
equally distributed weights. Full closure, however, is not dealt with in this paper.
Snow water equivalents exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δsnow model
Authors: Winkler Michael , Schellander Harald , Gruber Stefanie
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Reliable historical manual measurements of snow depths are available for many years, sometimes decades, across the globe, and increasingly snow depth data are also available from automatic stations and remote sensing platforms. In contrast, records of snow water equivalent (SWE) are sparse, which is significant as SWE is commonly the most important snowpack feature for hydrology, climatology, agriculture, natural hazards, and other fields. Existing methods of modeling SWE either rely on detailed meteorological forcing being available or are not intended to simulate individual SWE values, such as seasonal “peak SWE”. Here we present a new semiempirical multilayer model, Δsnow, for simulating SWE and bulk snow density solely from a regular time series of snow depths. The model, which is freely available as an R package, treats snow compaction following the rules of Newtonian viscosity, considers errors in measured snow depth, and treats overburden loads due to new snow as additional unsteady compaction; if snow is melted, the water mass is stepwise distributed from top to bottom in the snowpack. Seven model parameters are subject to calibration. Snow observations of 67 winters from 14 stations, well-distributed over
different altitudes and climatic regions of the Alps, are used to find an
optimal parameter setting. Data from another 71 independent winters from 15 stations are used for validation. Results are very promising: median bias and root mean square error for SWE are only −3.0 and 30.8 kg m−2, and +0.3 and 36.3 kg m−2 for peak SWE, respectively. This is a major advance compared to snow models relying on empirical regressions, and even sophisticated thermodynamic snow models do not necessarily perform better. As such, the new model offers a means to derive robust SWE estimates from historical snow depth data and, with some modification, to generate distributed SWE from remotely sensed estimates of spatial snow depth distribution.
Tsunami heights and limits in 1945 along the Makran coast estimated from testimony gathered seven decades later in Gwadar, Pasni and Ormara
Authors: Lodhi Hira Ashfaq , Ahmed Shoaib , Hasan Haider
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsuami. The water inundated almost a kilometer at Pasni, engulfing 80 % huts of the town while at Ormara tsunami inundated two and a half kilometers washing away 60 % of the huts. The plate boundary between Arabian plate and Eurasian plate is marked by Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and of an associated tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, extent of inundation and runup remained vague. We summarize observations of tsunami through newspaper items, eye witness accounts and archival documents. The information gathered is reviewed and quantized where possible to get the inundation parameters in specific and impact in general along the Makran coast. The quantization of runup and inundation extents is based on a field survey or on old maps.
Introduction: Urban-Rural Differences in Historical Demography
Authors: Matthys Christa , Kok Jan , Paping Richard
Published: March 2021

Systematic research on urban-rural variation in demographic behavior is necessary to overcome dichotomous views resulting from studying cities and the countryside separately. After all, a web of interactions facilitating the diffusion of ideas and behavior connects cities and rural areas. That is why it is especially important to study the comportment of migrants moving between urban and rural environments. In line with this argument five case studies are presented in this special issue that use static or dynamic individual-level data to analyze urban-rural demographic differences and life courses of migrants in Europe (Germany, the Netherlands and Scotland), mainly during the nineteenth century. The outcomes show that the places of residence indeed influenced demographic behavior to a considerable extent, although they do not reflect a simple and strict division between cities and rural areas. Rather, demographic behavior was affected by a diversity of local conditions, including various town sizes, calling for a further exploration of the impact of local demographic, working and living conditions. The studies in this issue also warn against simplified views regarding migrants in the past, for instance, their depiction of being of relatively humble social background. For many migrants, their migration was not a definitive break with the place of origin, and they did not assimilate completely to the dominant behavior in their destination. Instead, migrants often remained embedded in and influenced by trans-regional social networks.
University-Wide Extension Project: Its Impact on Holistic Wellness of Third Agers and Contribution to Development Goals
Authors: E. Caingcoy Manuel
Published: March 2021

Holistic wellness is vital to sustaining sound mind and healthy body of third-agers. These individuals are considered vulnerable. Previous surveys indicated limited wellness activities among third agers. With this, an extension project was designed and implemented to address this concern. This paper evaluated the impact of the project on the holistic wellness of third-agers and determined its contribution to national and international goals. The result chain framework was used to identify the impact. It gathered data through survey tools and interviews supported by annual reports. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that the university-wide extension project was successful in implementing activities and producing desired outputs. Its outcomes are evidenced in the attainment of its vision, mission, and objectives. As found, the project had a very high impact on the holistic wellness of third agers in each dimension and as a whole. This means that the third-agers have balanced well-being. This paper also highlights the contributions of the project in the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022, ambisyon 2040, and sustainable development goals. In the end, relevant recommendations are specifically articulated for future actions.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penerapan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien pada Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Langsa Tahun 2019
Authors: Nanda Mirani  , Arista Ardilla
Published: March 2021

Keselamatan Pasien (Patient Safety) merupakan sesuatu yang jauh lebih penting dari pada sekedar efisiensi pelayanan, perilaku yang tidak aman, pelupa, kurangnya perhatian/motivasi, kecerobohan, tidak teliti dan kemampuan yang tidak memperdulikan dan menjaga keselamatan pasien, berisiko untuk terjadinya kesalahan dan akan mengakibatkan cedera pada pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien pada perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Langsa Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana sebanyak 73 responden. Dari hasil penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square (Continuity Corection) pada derajat kepercayaan 95% ( α= 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel supervisi  (p = 0,000 ; >0,05), sikap (p = 0,001 ; >0,05), beban kerja (p = 0,002 >0,05) dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien di RSUD Kota Langsa. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah ada hubungan antara supervisi, sikap, dan beban kerja dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien di instalasi rawat inap RSUD Kota Langsa.
Epidemiological profile of cases of congenital syphilis in Belém City, Pará State, from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Kzam Aline do Socorro Lima , Coutinho Fernando Maia , Marvão Márcio César Ribeiro , Geha Yuri Fadi , Nogueira Talles Levi Pereira , Gomes Carlos Victor Carvalho , Costa Fernando Augusto Miranda da
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) is a systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium spirochete Treponema pallidum, of vertical transmission, trans placentally, resulting from the non-treatment or inadequate treatment of infected mothers, thus determining alarming numbers in the national territory, as in Belém City (Pará State). Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and incidence rate of CS in Belém, Pará. Methods: Quantitative, ecological, and descriptive study, conducted based on data available on DATASUS/TABNET from 2009 to 2018. Results: A total of 1,109 cases of CS were reported in Belém City. The mean incidence rate in this period was 5.4/1000 live births. As for newborns, 1,031 (92.97%) were diagnosed in the first week of life, 499 (45.00%) were male, 742 (66.91%) were pardo, and 860 (77.55%) classified as CS. Regarding maternal characteristics, the age group was inadequately filled in 100% of notifications, 476 (42.92%) had their level of education ignored at the time of filling out the forms, 768 (69.25%) underwent prenatal care, 490 (44.19%) were diagnosed with congenital syphilis at the time of delivery/curettage, and 636 (53.35%) reported no partner treatment. Conclusion: The profile studied showed an incidence rate above the parameters established for control, reflecting the increase in social inequalities, the lack of information about the disease, failure to register health organs, especially on the maternal age analyzed, low prevalence in the appropriate treatment of pregnant women’s partners, resonating the need for improvements in the notification system.
El fideicomiso: antecedentes históricos, concepto y su regulación en Honduras
Authors: Ruiz López Igor Alduvin
Published: March 2021

El siguiente artículo de opinión presenta un análisis sobre los antecedentes históricos del Fideicomiso; sobre las nociones generales de ese instituto, y su regulación en el ordenamiento jurídico hondureño con el propósito de facilitar un artículo orientador sobre este tema.
Riscrivere la storia coloniale tramite l’uso dell’oralità: Il caso di Adua (2015)
Authors: Finozzi Anna
Published: March 2021

L’articolo si propone di analizzare l’uso dell’oralità nel romanzo Adua (2015) di Igiaba Scego. Tradizionalmente, il testo letterario postcoloniale è stato considerato come una ‘traduzione’ da una lingua orale Africana ad una scritta Europea. Lo scopo dell’articolo è spostare l’attenzione dall’oralità come segno di alterità all’oralità come modalità di trasmissione; questo slittamento critico è necessario per una rivalutazione della letteratura postcoloniale italiana, di cui spesso si considera più la portata documentaristica di quella letteraria. Attraverso i Memory Studies, e in particolare concetti quali la postmemory di Marianne Hirsch, la countermemory di Yael Zerubavel e la travelling memory di Astrid Erll, l’analisi mostra come Adua sia modellata dalla comunicazione orale della memoria attraverso i dialoghi dei personaggi e da altre immagini connesse all’atto di ascoltare e tramandare. Infine, la dicotomia oralità-africanità viene respinta in favore di quella oralità-trasmissione.
Poverty Is Not Poverty: The Reality on the Ground Including the Rural-Urban Divide and How We Can Turn the Tide on NCDs
Authors: Michel Janet , Tanner Marcel
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) tend to occur in younger sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations, about 20 years earlier as compared to high income countries (HIC). Weak health systems and infrastructure, scarce cardiac professionals, skewed budget away from non-communicable diseases (NCD), high treatment costs and reduced access to health care. On top of that, hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control are low, less than 40%, less than 35% and 10-20% respectively. SSA has 23% of the worlds rheumatic disease, while 80% of CVD deaths occur in low to middle income countries. Poverty is not poverty. The rural–urban divide is one reality that has to be acknowledged among others, particularly in Africa. Being poor, while owning land and having the possibility to grow crops and rear livestock, goats and chickens, is different from being an unemployed young man or young woman, renting one room, in a crowded township with dilapidated infrastructure, intermittent or untreated water and surrounded by leaking sewers. Understanding the dynamics in different contexts is important for us to identify and address the different challenges affecting health in general, and heart health of people in these contexts in particular. For example, the detection, treatment and control rates of hypertension are higher in semi-urban as compared to rural areas. Detection rates for both men and women are suboptimal particularly in rural areas. Diet, sedentary life, loneliness and stress, insecure environments rather and unsafe places to walk are issues more common in urban settings. The conditions in which people are born, live, grow and work affect their health. The rural conditions are very different from the urban ones. The quality of air, access and types of food, stress levels, isolation, loneliness and fear not to mention violence, vary. All these factors affect heart health in one way or the other. Addressing heart health issues therefore ought to be context specific. The burdens might be treble or more for some -economically, environmentally (climate change, political instability), socially and historically-apartheid and colonialism.
Proměny Brněnského varhanního festivalu
Authors: Kučerová Judita , Bartošová Hana , Veselá Alena , Bejček Jan , Sedláček Marek
Published: March 2021

The presented publication brings knowledge about the cultural-historical development of the festival, dramaturgical concept, choice of artists, the character of concert instruments, etc.  The first chapter contains a cross-section of the 40-year history of the festival (Judita Kučerová). The historical study is followed by 3 chapters, first including the personal memories and experiences of the contemporary dramaturg and festival organizer Hana Bartošová. The essay on the organist's mission as a concert artist was contributed by the founder of the organ festival, prof. Alena Veselá, former rector of the Janáček Academy of Performing Arts in Brno and still active concert organist. The chapter on the concert organs, which the individual music evenings are played, was prepared by P. Jan Martin Bejček, OSB. The last part of the collective monograph consists of overviews of concerts held since the first years of the festival (Hana Bartošová), then in the period when the artistic and financial patronage of the Brno Organ Festival was taken over by the Club of Moravian Composers (Marek Sedláček) and an overview of non-Brno concerts (Hana Bartošová). The text has a source nature, the authors draw on preserved written documents and interviews with witnesses and festival organizers.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: March 2021

Library Accessibility Alliance adds new partnersCall for applications, nominations for ACRL Publications in Librarianship (PIL) editorLibrary, higher education groups debut effective data practices toolkitProject MUSE journal collection updatesLibrary Futures Institute launchesLibAnswers adds new featuresACRL Learning Analytics Toolkit
Microsatellite Instability and KRAS Mutation in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer: Prevalence, Geographic Discrepancies, and Outcomes From the National Cancer Database
Authors: Uhlig Johannes , Cecchini Michael , Sheth Amar , Stein Stacey , Lacy Jill , Kim Hyun S.
Published: March 2021

Background: This study sought to assess microsatellite and KRAS status, prevalence, and impact on outcome in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: The 2010 to 2016 US National Cancer Database was queried for adult patients with stage IV CRC. Prevalence of microsatellite status (microsatellite instability–high [MSI-H] or microsatellite stable [MSS]) and KRAS status (KRAS mutation or wild-type) of the primary CRC was assessed. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in patients with complete data on both microsatellite and KRAS status and information on follow-up. Results: Information on microsatellite and KRAS status was available for 10,844 and 25,712 patients, respectively, and OS data were available for 5,904 patients. The overall prevalence of MSI-H status and KRAS mutation was 3.1% and 42.4%, respectively. Prevalence of MSI-H ranged between 1.6% (rectosigmoid junction) and 5.2% (transverse colon), and between 34.7% (sigmoid colon) and 58.2% (cecum) for KRAS mutation. MSI-H rates were highest in East North Central US states (4.1%), and KRAS mutation rates were highest in West South Central US states (44.1%). Multivariable analyses revealed longer OS for patients with KRAS wild-type versus mutation status (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.97; P=.004), those with MSS versus MSI-H status (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62–0.9; P=.003), and those with left-sided versus right-sided CRC (multivariable HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.6–0.7; P<.001). The effect of KRAS mutation further varied with CRC site and microsatellite status (P=.002 for interaction). Conclusions: Depending on the primary site and US geography, stage IV CRC shows distinct mutational behavior. KRAS mutation, MSI-H, and primary CRC sidedness independently affect OS and interact with distinct prognostic profiles. Generically classifying adenocarcinomas at different sites as CRC might deprecate this diversity.