bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOCAL WISDOM IN TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT ARCHITECTURE IN CENTRAL SUMBA
Authors: Winarna
Published: March 2019

Traditional societies in Central Sumba put forward philosophy and symbol in the practice of life and daily life. The construction of settlement and the making of Traditional House is considered on the basis of the belief inherited from their ancestors which is manifested in the form of the pattern of space of traditional house and the surrounding environment. This paper aims to find out what local wisdom factors influence traditional residential architecture in Central Sumba. The study findings show that people's understanding of ideological superstructure, social structure and material infrastructure influence the characteristic of traditional settlement in Central Sumba.
Optimized urban water security regulation schemes driven by industrial development pattern
Authors: Dou Ming , Shi Yaxin , Li Guiqiu
Published: March 2019

In recent years, water crisis caused by human activities has attracted much more attention from the public, and the water security problem has become a hot spot in the world. In this paper, applying the theory of system dynamics, a system dynamic model for urban water cycle was developed to simulate the conversion and consumption processes of water resources between a regional social system and water system. To improve the guarantee capacity of water security, three types of industrial development patterns were designed. Moreover, an optimization model for water security regulation schemes was developed. Based on simulation of the key indexes on regional water security status, the value of water security degree was evaluated under different industrial development patterns, and the optimal scheme obtained according to these assessment results. Results from investigation and research in Zhengzhou City, China found that all seven regulation schemes could increase water security degree to different extents; and water security degree of the schemes with compound patterns was higher than the schemes with a single pattern. Scheme 7 was recommended as the ideal scheme for Zhengzhou City.
Formation of the university electronic information-educational environment: interaction, development of professional thinking, management
Authors: Serafmovich I. V. , Кonkova O. M. , Raykhlina A. V.
Published: March 2019

Purpose of the research.The development of electronic technologies in modern socio-economic environment and the urgent need for their integration into higher education require a different type of teachers’ professional thinking based on their sustainable self-development. The paper provides a reflexive analysis of the implementation of electronic information-educational environment (EIEE) by the Yaroslavl branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and offers an insight into interactive and management aspects of EIEE integration and use in the educational process.

Materials and methods.To achieve the goal, the EIEE structural and functional components were identified, stages, system requirements and technical features of EIEE implementation were determined along with the prospects for EIEE further integration and development within the university. Analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization approaches were used as general scientific methods of this research.

Results.The paper gives an insight into the project of the Yaroslavl branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics on the use of EIEE as an imperative for high-level development of graduates’ common cultural, as well as general and specific professional competencies, to facilitate their competitiveness in the labour market. The urgency of innovations in the EIEE integration in universities is substantiated. The authors emphasize that the EIEE practical application requires achievement of a new level of communication skills, interaction of all participants in the educational process, based on a broader vision of the educational environment and a new level of teachers’ professional thinking, presupposing both creativity and management of their own mental processes associated with metacognition.

Conclusion.As a result, the authors make conclusions on the implementation of various aspects of the university EIEE, such as administrative, managerial and interactive ones. According to the study, a wide application of EIEE can become a priority tool in solving problems of the effectiveness, which is proved by the evidence and examples from the educational experience given in the article.
Structural Basis of Drug Recognition by Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Leboffe Loris , di Masi Alessandra , Polticelli Fabio , Trezza Viviana , Ascenzi Paolo
Published: March 2019

Background:

Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule with at least nine binding sites for endogenous and exogenous ligands. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity as a depot and carrier for many compounds including most acidic drugs. Consequently, HSA has the potential to influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.

Objective:

In this review, the structural determinants of drug binding to the multiple sites of HSA are analyzed and discussed in detail. Moreover, insight into the allosteric and competitive mechanisms underpinning drug recognition, delivery, and efficacy are analyzed and discussed.

Conclusion:

As several factors can modulate drug binding to HSA (e.g., concurrent administration of drugs competing for the same binding site, ligand binding to allosteric-coupled clefts, genetic inherited diseases, and post-translational modifications), ligand binding to HSA is relevant not only under physiological conditions, but also in the pharmacological therapy management.
Non-clinical Models to Determine Drug Passage into Human Breast Milk
Authors: Ventrella Domenico , Forni Monica , Bacci Maria Laura , Annaert Pieter
Published: March 2019

Background:

Successful practice of clinical perinatal pharmacology requires a thorough understanding of the pronounced physiological changes during lactation and how these changes affect various drug disposition processes. In addition, pharmacokinetic processes unique to lactation have remained understudied. Hence, determination of drug disposition mechanisms in lactating women and their babies remains a domain with important knowledge gaps. Indeed, lack of data regarding infant risk during breastfeeding far too often results in discontinuation of breastfeeding and subsequent loss of all the associated benefits to the breastfed infant. In the absence of age-specific toxicity data, human lactation data alone are considered insufficient to rapidly generate the required evidence regarding risks associated with medication use during lactation.

Methods:

Systematic review of literature to summarize state-of-the art non-clinical approaches that have been developed to explore the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion.

Results:

Several studies have reported methods to predict (to some extent) milk drug excretion rates based on physicochemical properties of the compounds. In vitro studies with primary mammary epithelial cells appear excellent approaches to determine transepithelial drug transport rates across the mammary epithelium. Several of these in vitro tools have been characterized in terms of transporter expression and activity as compared to the mammary gland tissue. In addition, with the advent of physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, these in vitro transport data may prove instrumental in predicting drug milk concentration time profiles prior to the availability of data from clinical lactation studies. In vivo studies in lactating animals have proven their utility in elucidating the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion.

Conclusion:

By combining various non-clinical tools (physicochemistry-based, in vitro and PBPK, in vivo animal) for drug milk excretion, valuable and unique information regarding drug milk concentrations during lactation can be obtained. The recently approved IMI project ConcePTION will address several of the challenges outlined in this review.
Lead Molecules for Targeted Urease Inhibition: An Updated Review from 2010 -2018
Authors: Kataria Ritu , Khatkar Anurag
Published: March 2019

The field of enzyme inhibition is a tremendous and quickly growing territory of research. Urease a nickel containing metalloenzyme found in bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants brings hydrolysis of urea and plays important role in environmental nitrogen cycle. Apart from this it was found to be responsible for many pathological conditions due to its presence in many microorganisms such as H. Pylori, a ureolytic bacteria having urease which elevates pH of gastric medium by hydrolyzing urea present in alimentary canal and help the bacteria to colonize and spread infection. Due to the infections caused by the various bacterial ureases such as Bacillus pasteurii, Brucella abortus, H. pylori, H. mustelae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas putida, Sporosarcina pasteurii and Yersinia enterocolitica, it has been the current topic of today’s research. About a wide range of compounds from the exhaustive literature survey has been discussed in this review which is enveloped into two expansive classes, as Inhibitors from synthetic origin and Inhibitors from natural origin. Moreover active site details of enzyme, mechanism of catalysis of substrate by enzyme, uses of plant urease and its pathogenic behavior has been included in the current review. So, overall, this review article diagrams the current landscape of the developments in the improvements in the thriving field of urease inhibitory movement in medicinal chemistry from year 2010 to 2018, with an emphasis on mechanism of action of inhibitors that may be used for more development of recent and strong urease inhibitors and open up new doors for assist examinations in a standout amongst the most lively and promising regions of research.
Protective Role of Natural Products in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Ridzuan Nurul Raudzah Adib , Rashid Norhashima Abd , Othman Faizah , Budin Siti Balkis , Hussan Farida , Teoh Seong Lin
Published: March 2019

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent for the treatment of metastatic tumors, advanced bladder cancer and many other solid tumors. However, at higher doses, toxicities such as nephrotoxicity may appear. Cisplatin leads to DNA damage and subsequently renal cell death. Besides that, oxidative stress is also implicated as one of the main causes of nephrotoxicity. Several studies showed that numerous natural products: ginseng, curcumin, licorice, honey and pomegranate were able to reduce the oxidative stress by restoring the levels of antioxidant enzymes and also at the same time act as an anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, pre-treatment with vitamin supplementation, such as vitamin C, E and riboflavin markedly decreased serum urea and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney even after cisplatin induction in cancer patients. These natural products possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medicinal properties, and they can be safely used as a supplementary regime or combination therapy against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The present review focused on the protective role of a few natural products which is widely used in folk medicines in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Drug Treatment of Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder), Excoriation (Skin-picking) Disorder, and Nail-biting (Onychophagia)
Authors: Sani Gabriele , Gualtieri Ida , Paolini Marco , Bonanni Luca , Spinazzola Edoardo , Maggiora Matteo , Pinzone Vito , Brugnoli Roberto , Angeletti Gloria , Girardi Paolo , Rapinesi Chiara , Kotzalidis Georgios D.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Trichotillomania (TTM), excoriation (or skin-picking) disorder and some severe forms of onychophagia are classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. There are different interacting neurotransmitter systems involved in the pathophysiology of impulse-control disorders, implicating noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, opioid peptides and glutamate, hence investigators focused on drugs able to act on these transmitters. Our aim was to critically review the efficacy of the drugs employed in impulse-control disorders.

Methods:

We searched for controlled drug trials to treat TTM, excoriation, and/or nail-biting six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES, and Web of Science), using the search strategy: (trichotillomania OR “excoriation disorder” OR “face picking” OR “skin picking” OR “hair pulling” OR onychophagia OR “nail-biting”) AND drug treatment on 12 March 2018 for all databases. We followed in our method of identifying relevant literature the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Results:

SSRIs and clomipramine are considered first-line in TTM. In addition, family members of TTM patients are often affected by obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Other drugs used in the treatment of TTM are lamotrigine, olanzapine, N-Acetylcysteine, inositol, and naltrexone.

Conclusion:

The treatment of TTM, excoriation disorder and nail-biting is still rather disappointing. Conjectures made from preclinical studies and the relative pathophysiological hypotheses found poor confirmations at a clinical level. There is a need for further studies and the integration of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic. Our results point to the need of integrating personalised medicine principles in the treatment of these patients.
The Impacts of the Perceived Transparency of Privacy Policies and Trust in Providers for Building Trust in Health Information Exchange: Empirical Study (Preprint)
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

In the context of exchange technologies, such as health information exchange (HIE), existing technology acceptance theories should be expanded to consider not only the cognitive beliefs resulting in adoption behavior but also the affect provoked by the sharing nature of the technology.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to study HIE adoption using a trust-centered model. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, the technology adoption literature, and the trust transfer mechanism, we theoretically explained and empirically tested the impacts of the perceived transparency of privacy policy and trust in health care providers on cognitive and emotional trust in an HIE. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of cognitive and emotional trust on the intention to opt in to the HIE and willingness to disclose health information.

METHODS

A Web-based survey was conducted using data from a sample of 493 individuals who were aware of the HIE through experiences with a (or multiple) provider(s) participating in an HIE network.

RESULTS

Structural Equation Modeling analysis results provided empirical support for the proposed model. Our findings indicated that when patients trust in health care providers, and they are aware of HIE security measures, HIE sharing procedures, and privacy terms, they feel more in control, more assured, and less at risk. Moreover, trust in providers has a significant moderating effect on building trust in HIE efforts (P<.05). Results also showed that patient trust in HIE may take the forms of opt-in intentions to HIE and patients’ willingness to disclose health information that are exchanged through the HIE (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this research should be of interest to both academics and practitioners. The findings provide an in-depth dimension of the HIE privacy policy that should be addressed by the health care organizations to exchange personal health information in a secure and private manner. This study can contribute to trust transfer theory and enrich the literature on HIE efforts. Primary and secondary care providers can also identify how to leverage the benefit of patients’ trust and trust transfer process to promote HIE initiatives nationwide.
Sustainable Adoption of Connected Vehicles in the Brazilian Landscape: Policies, Technical Specifications and Challenges
Authors: Do Nascimento Douglas Aguiar , Iano Yuzo , Loschi Hermes José , Razmjooy Navid , Sroufe Robert , Oliveira Vlademir De Jesus Silva , Castro Diego Arturo Pajuelo , Montagner Matheus
Published: March 2019

This review addresses the intervehicular communication in Connected Vehicles (CV) by emphasizing V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) communications in terms of evolution, current standards, state-of-the-art studies, embedded devices, simulation, trends, challenges, and relevant legislation. This review is based on studies conducted from 2009 to 2019, government reports about the sustainable deployment of these technologies and their adoption in the Brazilian automotive market. Moreover, WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) and DSRC (Dedicated Short-range Communication) standards, the performance analysis of communication parameters and intervehicular available at the market are also described. The current status of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) development in Brazil was reviewed, as well as the research institutes and governmental actions focused on introducing the concept of connected vehicles into the society. The Brazilian outlook for technological adoption concerning CVs was also discussed. Moreover, challenges related to technical aspects, safety and environmental issues, and the standardization for vehicle communication are also described. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and proposals from available technologies devoted to the roads and vehicular infrastructure communication, their evolution and upcoming trends.
Убить USB-киллера
Authors: Пескова С.
Published: March 2019

Предлагается эффективное решение многоуровневой защиты, которое могут использовать разработчики мобильного оборудования с USB-интерфейсом на борту для предотвращения вредоносных USB-атак.
Устройство слежения за солнцем в фотоэлектрических энергетических установках
Authors: Пчельникова-Гротова О. , Иванов А. , Латыпов В.
Published: March 2019

Дана оценка преимуществ включения системы слежения за Солнцем в состав солнечной энергетической установки (СЭУ). Описаны режимы управления для облачной и солнечной погоды, приведены исходные данные для алгоритма системы слежения, состав механизма поворота, схема контроллера и его связей с агрегатами СЭУ, а также фрагмент программы, решающий одну из задач управления агрегатами СЭУ.
Матричные КМОП-фотоприемники: современное состояние и перспективы развития
Authors: Сафонов А.
Published: March 2019

КМОП-фотоприемники – наиболее динамично развивающийся сектор полупроводниковой индустрии. Основные области применения устройств – автомобильная промышленность, системы искусственного интеллекта и видеонаблюдения, смартфоны и т. д. Прогресс в технологии изготовления 3D фотоприемных устройств значительно повлиял на развитие технологии сборки всех типов электронных модулей.
Экспериментальная проверка методов измерения параметров коаксиально-волноводных узлов с поперечным сечением сложной формы
Authors: Крылов А.
Published: March 2019

Представлены результаты экспериментальной проверки методов измерения параметров коаксиально-волноводных узлов с поперечным сечением сложной формы. Кроме того, рассматриваются подходы к оценке неопределенности полученных результатов измерений.
Migrantes en la escuela: Propuesta de un modelo de evaluación intercultural de los aprendizajes
Authors: Mora Olate María Loreto
Published: March 2019

La escolarización de niños y jóvenes migrantes constituye un desafío que aún no ha sido afrontado por la política educativa chilena. Dicho alumnado se enfrenta a un currículum monocultural y a formas de evaluación derivadas de un paradigma técnico que invisibilizan la diversidad de saberes. El presente artículo describe la primera fase de diseño de un modelo de evaluación intercultural de los aprendizajes, a partir de un paradigma crítico reflexivo, que opera una concepción emancipadora de la evaluación como diálogo de saberes para la mejora y equidad educativa en contextos de escolarización de migrantes. En el diseño del modelo evaluativo intercultural se consideran como sustentos teóricos la evaluación formadora, la regulación continua de los aprendizajes, los procesos de metaevaluación de los docentes y un concepto más amplio de interculturalidad.
Políticas de ampliación de la jornada escolar en Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil): una reflexión curricular
Authors: Dias da Silva Roberto Rafael
Published: March 2019

En el presente artículo se busca establecer un mapeo de los conceptos de conocimiento escolar emergentes de las políticas de ampliación de la jornada escolar desarrollada en Brasil, en el contexto de Rio Grande do Sul. Las políticas curriculares examinadas focalizan la constitución de "comunidades de aprendizaje". Entienden la ampliación de la jornada como una apuesta en actividades pedagógicas innovadoras, con énfasis en los intereses y las experiencias culturales de los estudiantes. Se diferencian en el modo de organización curricular, dado que uno de los programas se centra en habilidades genéricas, mientras que el otro dispone expectativas de aprendizaje para las diferentes franjas etarias. Se constata una fragilidad de los procesos de selección y organización del conocimiento escolar.
Mesin Pengupas Bawang Mudah – Alih (Portable Onion Peeler Machine)
Authors: Sahrudin Sahrudin , Putra Dimas Ramadhan , Oktoricoento Jhav Sund , Mujirudin Mohammad , Ramza Harry
Published: March 2019

Proses pengelolahan hasil-hasil pertanian menjadi suatu bahan pangan bagi masyarakat menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diketahui lebih dalam. Salah satunya yaitu pengelolahan bawang yang berkapasitas banyak untuk proses pengupasan. Didalam proses pengolahan bawang terdapat beberapa kendala yang membuat produksinya menjadi menghambat salah satunya yaitu dalam pengupasan kulit bawang merah dan bawang putih dengan cara dirajang untuk mengupasnya. Para produsen sering sekali merasa kesulitan untuk membersihkan kulit bawang pada saat pengupasan, apalagi yang sudah bertaraf besar. Perancangan alat ini dibuat untuk membantu dalam proses pengupasan bawang dalam jumlah banyak yang menggunakan tenaga motor listrik sebagai penggeraknya, Mikrontroler sebagai otak untuk menjalankan proses alat yang dirancangdan sensor berat (load cell) untuk menghitung nilai dari kapasitas berat bawang. Kabel ties tersebut berfungsi sebagai pembantu dalam pengupasan bawang dengan cara membenturkanya. Dengan tujuan Menentukan nilai efesiensi ketebalan kulit kupas dan kapasitas berat dari bawang, sehingga variasi yang paling bagus untuk digunakan adalah variasi kombinasi dengan nilai efesiensi sebesar 17% untuk ketebalan dan 3% untuk kapasitas berat bawang.
Analisa Matematik Karakteristik Detector Semikonduktor Silicon Tipe P sebagai Bahan Detector Partikel Radiasi Bermuatan
Authors: Prayitno Gunarwan , Roza Emilia
Published: March 2019

Analisa Matemetik Karakteristik Detector Semikonduktor Silicon Tipe P Sebagai Bahan Detector Partikel Radiasi Bermuatan. Saat ini banyak alat pendeteksi radiasi partikel bermuatan dibuat oleh industry, khususnya industry yang bekerja dalam pengembangan peralatan dan komponen deteksi. Prinsip kerja detector semikonduktor dan detector gas isian adalah sama. Pada detektor tipe gas isian, ionisassi terbentuk pada tabung gas, sedangkan detektor semikonduktor ionisasi terbentuk pada lapisan intrinsic (terbentuk antara p dan n). Untuk membentuk lapisan intrinsic pada semikonduktor tipe P (mayoritas hole), bahan semikonduktor tipe p harus dikompensasi dengan material lithium (mayoritas electron), sehingga akan terbentuk lapisan p dan n, dengan metoda evaporasi dan doping (ion drift), proses pemasukkan  atom lithium ke dalam struktur ikatan kristal silicon. Proses pembuatan detektor semikonduktor telah dilakukan dan berhasil, tetapi analisa secara matematik belum dilakuakn.  Hasil akhir dari analisa matematis bertujuan meningkatkan  kualitas detektor semikonduktor.. Analisa matematik akan menjawab, bahwa, baik tidaknya detektor semikonduktor dalam bekerja (mencacah radiasi parikel bermuatan), bergantung dari kualitas doping dan kedalaman/lebar lapisan intrinsic. Pengembangan dan penelitian lebih lanjut akan di buat detector solid state dengan bahan semikonduktor tipe berbeda.
Pembuatan Mapping FloorMenggunakan Engine Game Unity dan Barcode
Authors: Abdurrahim Imaduddin , Sinduningrum Estu , Hilda Atiqah Meutia
Published: March 2019

Peta ruangan dan penanda jalan sangat penting untuk memberitahu lokasi dan tempat yang  ingin dituju. Penanda jalan sudah hamper tersebar dimana mana.  Namun permasalahannya ialah tidak semua tempat memiliki peta ruangan, khususnya di Fakultas Teknik UHAMKA, di tiap lantai tidak terdapat peta ruangan yang menunjukan letak ruangan. Dengan adanya mapping  floor berbasis barcode, mahasiswa ataupun bukan mahasiswa hanya tinggal menscan barcode untuk mencari ruangan dan info ruangan. Barcode mapping ini dibuat dengan mekanisme sederhana untuk memudahkan pengguna mengakses dan mengunduh map offline dengan format PNG yang sudah dibuat dengan tanda lokasi pada saat melakukan scan. Lalu aplikasi mapping  floor dapat memberikan simulasi pemetaan ruangan secara per lantai sehingga pengguna dapat melihat view dengan 360 derajat. Aplikasi tersebut di buat dengan menggunakan engine unity. Pengimplementasian aplikasi dan barcode dilakukan di Gedung Fakultas Teknik UHAMKA. Data yang ditampilkan di dalam barcode berupa nama ruangan, kapasitas ruangan dan keterangan detail ruangan.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Vote Berbasis Android untuk Umum
Authors: Aulia Nabilla Risma , Sinduningrum Estu , Hilda Atiqah Meutia
Published: March 2019

Proses pemilihan pimpinan lembaga yang dilakukan melalui pemungutan suara masih banyak menggunakan cara manual, dan mengharuskan datang ke lokasi pemilihan serta belum memanfaatkan teknologi digital. Cara tersebut membutuhkan waktu pemungutan, dan menunggu hasil perhitungan suara yang lama. Beberapa aplikasi sebelumnya pengguna tidak bisa membuat voting dan admin harus memasukkan data pengguna baru. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengembangan agar dapat  berjalan lebih efektif dan efisien. Metode pendekatan sistem menggunakan waterfall dan UML (Unified Modeling Language) sebagai desain perancangannya. Pengembangan aplikasi m-voting ini dapat digunakan dalam berbagai kategori pemilihan, pengguna dapat mengatur kandidat yang diinginkan sehingga menghasilkan hasil voting yang diinginkan. Aplikasi ini dapat diakses melalui mobile sehingga memudahkan pengguna melakukan voting berdasarkan waktu dan keberadaan tempa.  Hasil survey tingkat kepuasan yang dicapai pengguna sebesar 89,75% merasa aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik daripada sistem sebelumnya.
Integrasi Grafin Oksida Berbasis Larutan sebagai Material Penghantar Lubang pada Sel Surya Hibrid Bulk-Heterojunction (BHJ)
Authors: Madsuha Alfian F. , Sofyan Nofrijon , Yuwono A. H.
Published: March 2019

Dalam penelitian kali ini, telah didemonstarsikan penggunaan Grafin Oksida (GO) sebagai material pengantar lubang pada sel surya hibrid Bulk-Heterojunction (BHJ). Sebuah metode sederhana digunakan dalam memodifikasi anoda dari sel surya hibrid dengan cara mendeposisi material karbon nano hasil proses larutan diantara kaca transparan indium timah oksida(ITO) dan lapisan fotoaktif. Perngguanan GO ini ditujukan untuk mengganti secara keseluruhan polimer konduktif poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Dengan penggunaan lapisan GO ini, perbaikan efisiensi konversi energi dari 0,1% menjadi 1,66 % dapat dicapai melalu mekanisme penurunan hambatan seri (RS). Dengan hasil ini GO telah berhasil menunjukkan potensial yang besar untuk digunakan sebagai material pengantar lubang yang efisien pada sel surya hibrid
Pengaruh Pemakaian Tipe Kaca pada Bangunan Gedung Terhadap Beban Pendingin dengan Menggunakan Software Hap Versi 4.90
Authors: Maryadi Maryadi
Published: March 2019

Sesuai perkembangan jaman banyak sekali bangunan gedung bertingkat yang dibangun. Untuk memberi kenyamanan pengguna, bangunan gedung tersebut biasa dilengkapi dengan pendingin ruangan. Pendingin ruangan merupakan peralatan pada bangunan gedung yang memiliki kebutuhan listrik yang sangat besar, sekitar 60% dari kebutuhan listrik total gedung untuk mensuplai sistem pendingin. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan beban pendingin yang dipengaruhi oleh U-value dan shade coeffetion pada kaca tipe bronze tint dan clear low e dengan variasi ketebalan 3 mm, 5 mm dan 6 mm. Penggunaan tipe kaca pada bangunan gedung sangat berpengaruh terhadap perhitungan beban pendingin dan berpengaruh juga dengan pemakaian listrik, karena tebal kaca dan tingkat kecerahan kaca akan meneruskan panas yang berbeda – beda. Untuk mendapatkan hasil sesuai tujuan di atas, maka metode yang digunakan adalah dengan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber, mengumpulkan data berupa gambar denah arsitek, luas dinding, jenis kaca, luas kaca dan arah mata angin. Selanjutnya data tersebut diinput ke software HAP 4.90, sehingga akan didapatkan seberapa besar kebutuhan beban pendinginnya. Sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan didapatkan untuk kedua tipe kaca antara bronze tint dan clear low e didapatkan U-value dan Shade coeffetion yang lebih kecil dengan tipe kaca bronze tint pada parameter ketebalan kaca yang sama. Sehingga didapatkan kapasitas mesin pendingin dan air flow yang lebih kecil dengan tipe kaca bronze tint. Dengan nilai U-value dan shade coeffetion yang semakin kecil, maka akan didapatkan seleksi mesin pendingin yang mempunyai kapasitas lebih kecil.
El periodismo ambiental escrito: análisis de la narrativa de reportajes sobre extinción de especies
Authors: Mena-Young Margoth
Published: March 2019

Se presenta un análisis de las narrativas utilizadas en grandes reportajes sobre extinción de especies, publicados en 2015 en los diarios El País de España; El Universal de México; y La Nación de Costa Rica. Se estudiaron siete reportajes de una extensión igual o mayor a mil palabras. El objetivo fue analizar la estructura, desarrollo y recursos literarios de los textos, mediante un análisis discursivo, para reflexionar sobre el aporte de la narrativa literaria en el periodismo ambiental de gran formato. El estudio evidencia el predominio del género informativo, con poco espacio para emociones, colores, texturas, sabores o tamaños, y la ausencia de actores sociales en las narraciones.
CONTAMINAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DAS CÉDULAS MONETÁRIAS CIRCULANTES EM FEIRA LIVRE DO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Pereira Queiroz Isabela , Aparecida Nunes Lopes Campos Laíze , Leite Fernandes Micaela , Pereira Rosa Luciano , Cristina Silva Rosa Francine
Published: March 2019

O dinheiro é talvez o artigo mais trocado por pessoas em todo o mundo servindo como reservatório de microrganismos que podem ser transmitidos entre a população. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a contaminação das cédulas monetárias circulantes em feira livre do interior da Bahia por espécies de relevância clínica como as Enterobactérias, Staphylococcus spp. e espécies de Candida, além de analisar a contaminação geral. Foram coletadas amostras das superfícies de 50 cédulas em circulação na feira livre. As amostras foram identificadas e no laboratório foram agitadas obtendo-se uma suspensão inicial e a partir dessa foram realizadas diluições decimais que foram semeadas em duplicata em placas de Petri contendo os meios de cultura Ágar-sangue, Ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol, Ágar salgado manitol e Agar MacConkey. As placas foram incubadas a 37ºC/ 24h (5 dias a temperatura ambiente para crescimento de fungos). Os resultados obtidos em UFC/mL foram analisados pelo teste estatístico ANOVA (5%). Pôde-se concluir que nas cédulas monetárias foram coletadas amostras de todos os microrganismos de interesse no estudo e que existe necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas para minimização da contaminação das cédulas enfatizando os bons hábitos de higiene pessoal entre a população.
Eugenol attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through modulation of cytokine levels and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Jing , Mao Yidong
Published: March 2019

Therapeutic management of hepatitis with conventional drugs alone worsens hepatic functioning in the long term because of sustained oxidative stress. Active compounds from several plant sources have been investigated to counteract this. Eugenol, a phytochemical abundant in various plants, is known for its wide range of pharmacological effects. There is a lacuna in the deeper understanding of its hepatoprotective activity at the molecular level. Our present study aimed to determine the effects of eugenol on the changes in antioxidant components, inflammatory cytokines and modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress in immune-mediated hepatitis. We employed a model that mimics viral hepatitis using concanavalin A (ConA) to induce T-cell-mediated acute hepatitis. Eugenol increased (P<0.01) antioxidant enzyme activities, including reduced glutathione (GSH)-regenerating enzyme, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Its antiinflammatory and antifibrogenic effects were evident from the reduction (P<0.01) in interleukin and tumor necrosis factor levels. Eugenol was found to decrease mitochondrial oxidative stress, which was elevated in hepatitis. The hepatoprotective effects of eugenol were confirmed by histological findings. The current investigation shows that eugenol exerts a hepatoprotective effect through the modulation of different pathways which include restoration of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Eugenol could be a promising candidate for human hepatitis management, warranting preclinical studies.
Effect of antenatal maternal anxiety on the reactivity of fetal cerebral circulation to auditory stimulation, and early child development
Authors: Vujovic Marina , Sovilj Mirjana , Plesinac Snezana , Rakonjac Marijana , Jelicic Ljiljana , Adamovic Tatjana , Stokic Miodrag
Published: March 2019

Introduction/Objective. Antenatal maternal anxiety (AMA) can have negative impact on a child?s preand postnatal development. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of AMA on changes in fetal blood flow through the middle cerebral artery (MCA) after acoustic stimulation, on birth outcome, and on early child development. Methods. Forty-three women in the third trimester of pregnancy and their children were enrolled into a longitudinal prospective study. The AMA (state and trait) was assessed using Spielberger?s questionnaire. The MCA blood flow was assessed using Doppler ultrasound before and after the defined acoustic stimulus. The data regarding neonatal body weight, Apgar score, first step and word appearance, estimated speech?language (ESLD), sensory-motor (ESMD), and social-emotional (ESED) development at the age of three were collected. Results. Fetuses from mothers with high state and trait anxiety had slower reaction time and higher relative pulsatility index after defined auditory stimulation. There are more preterm deliveries, lower scores on ESLD, ESMD, and ESED in mothers with high State-Trait Anxiety Inventory personality trait (STAI-T) compared to low. There is a negative correlation between reaction time, relative pulsatility index, STAI-T and ESLD. Conclusions. High levels of antenatal maternal trait anxiety could have a negative effect on both fetal reactivity to sound stimulation and early child development.
Isolated hypertransaminasemia in children up to two years with classical celiac disease
Authors: Radlovic Nedeljko , Lekovic Zoran , Mladenovic Marija , Radlovic Vladimir , Vuletic Biljana , Ducic Sinisa , Golubovic Zoran , Mahmutovic Meho , Petrovic-Tepic Snezana
Published: March 2019

Introduction/Objective Isolated hypertransaminasemia (IHTS) is a common, benign, and transient appearance in patients with celiac disease (CD). The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of IHTS in children up to two years old with clinically classical CD, as well as its connection with the onset of the first symptoms of the disease, the age of diagnosis, the clinical and laboratory nutritional parameters, and the degree of damage of small intestinal mucosa. Methods The study was based on a sample of 82 children, 55 female and 27 male, ages 7?24 (14.28 ? 4.41) months. The diagnosis of CD was based on the revised ESPGHAN criteria and the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by standard laboratory methods. Results IHTS was found in 39 (47.56%) patients, 27 of whom (69.23%) had elevated levels of both transaminases and 12 of only one ? eight of AST and four of ALT. The increase in relation to the aforementioned reference value for ALT was 1.1?10.08 (1.67 ? 1.73), and for AST it was 1.08?7.91 (1.56 ? 1.29) times. In patients with IHTS compared to those with normal transaminasemia, the age of onset of CD was significantly lower (9.83 ? 3.69 vs. 12.95 ? 4.43 months, p = 0.001), as well as the age of diagnosis (12.97 ? 3.88 vs. 15.47 ? 4.56 months; p = 0.01), while the differences in the other observed parameters were not significant. Conclusions IHTS occurs in almost half of children up to two years old with classical CD. Hypertransaminasemia is in most cases mild and significantly more frequent in patients with earlier clinical expression of the CD.
Assessment of respiratory muscle strength and airflow before and after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion
Authors: Storto Camilla Juliana , Garcez Aguinaldo Silva , Suzuki Hideo , Cusmanich Karla Garcez , Elkenawy Islam , Moon Won , Suzuki Selly Sayuri
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To assess alterations in respiratory muscle strength and inspiratory and expiratory peak flow, as well as skeletal and dental changes in patients diagnosed with transverse maxillary deficiency before and after microimplant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE).

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients (13 female and 7 male) were assessed by respiratory tests in three different periods: T0 initial, T1 immediately after expansion, and T2 after 5 months. Tests included: maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), oral expiratory peak flow, and inspiratory nasal flow. Cone-beam computed tomography measurements were performed in the maxillary arch, nasal cavity, and airway before and immediately after expansion.

Results:

There was a significant increase in MIP between T0 and T2 and MEP between T0 and T1 (P<.05). Oral and nasal peak flow increased immediately after and 5 months later, especially in patients with initial signs of airway obstruction (P<.05). In addition, after expansion there was a significant enlargement of the nasal cavity, alveolar bone, and interdental widths at the premolar and molar region. Molars tipped buccally (P<.05) but no difference was found in premolar inclination. MARPE increased airway volume significantly.

Conclusions:

Skeletal changes promoted by MARPE directly affected airway volume, resulting in a significant improvement in muscle strength and nasal and oral peak flow.
Rapid Sequence Spinal Anesthesia Vs General Anesthesia for Category-I Urgency Caesarean Section
Authors: Gurvani Dr. Ravi , Chandrakar Dr. Dharam Veer
Published: March 2019

Aims of study - Rapid Sequence spinal anesthesia Vs general anesthesia for category-I urgency caesarean section.

Background - Pregnancy termination by caesarean section (CS) is rapidly increasing all over the world. Hence, it has increasingly become a greater challenge to provide care for the parturient, but this has given obstetric anesthetists a greater opportunity to contribute to obstetric services. While caesarean deliveries were historically performed using general anaesthesia, there is a recent significant move towards regional anaesthesia.

Materials and Methods - As per American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASAPS) I 50 patients of category 1 were included in this study and divided into two equal groups, 25 in each group. Group I received GA and group II received RSSA.

Result - Time for anesthesia was more in the RSGA group than the RSSA group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The time for surgical readiness was also significantly higher in the RSGA group in comparison to the RSSA group with P value of < 0.001, which was statistically significant but there was no significant difference in Incision to delivery time.
Indian Dermoscopic Study of One Thirty Eight Cases of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Rajendra Kumar Sharma Rahul Kumar Sharma, Divya Sharma,
Published: March 2019

Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of non-scarring alopecia first described by Cornelius Celsus, characterized by hair loss without any clinical inflammatory signs and affecting both males and females equally. The activity of AA is by the presence of black dots, broken hair, and tapering, furthermore black dots and yellow dots are equated to severity of AA.

Aim - To study dermoscopic features of untreated cases of alopecia areata. Study subjects-All the patients who attended the dermatology clinic from March 2015 to March 2017 with the clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Study period - Two year (from March 2015 to March 2017).

Methodology - All the patients who attended the dermatology clinic from March 2015 to March 2017 with the diagnosis of alopecia areata and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Trichoscopy was performed with DL4 dermatoscope. The images were further magnified with smart phone.

Results - We got various dermoscopic signs in different combinations in our study. Yellow dots were seen in 10 cases, White dots in cotton wool pattern were seen in 3 cases, Black dots were seen in 25 cases, Dermoscopic coudability sign was demonstrated in 38 cases, Pigtail hairs were present in 2 cases, five cases showed short vellus hairs, Short broken hairs were found in 18 cases, Exclamation mark hairs were very common and were detected in 131 patients out of 138.

Discussion - Single feature is not leading to the diagnosis so we should use combination of features which will help in difficult cases like AA incognito. Dermatoscope is an indispensible valuable tool in trichology practice which helps in prognosticating and making early diagnosis of AA. It also helps to differentiate it from trichotillomania and other causes of alopecia. In our study the incidence of AA was almost similar in both sexes. Our study revealed that exclamation mark hair is very common and sensitive dermoscopic marker of AA.
Retinal Vascular Occlusive Disorders - Risk Factors
Authors: Priyanka Agnihotri, Smriti Gupta Shivcharan Lal Chandravanshi, Sunil Kumar Shrivastava,
Published: March 2019

Aims and Objective - The aim of the present study is to identify risk factors associated with different retinal vascular occlusive diseases (RVOD), such as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), hemi-retinal artery occlusion (HRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cilioretinal artery occlusion (Cilio-RAO), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and hemi-retinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Patients and Method - A cross-sectional study on 114 consecutive subjects, aged 24-96 years who have attended at the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, MP, were included in the study. The Duration of study was January 2016 to December 2017. Only patients with CRAO, BRAO, HRAO, Cilio-RAO, CRVO, BRVO, and HRVO were included in the study. Other retinal vascular disorders such as diabetic vaso-occlusive disease, anterior and posterior ischemic and non-ischemic neuropathy, hypertensive retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, retinal telangiectasia, retinopathy of prematurity, were excluded from study.

Results - We have included 114 patients, 64 cases (56.14%) males, 50 (43.85%) females, aged 56+/-8 years (range 24-96 years).  Bilateral retinal vascular occlusive disorders were seen in only 4 cases (3.5%). Two patients have bilateral CRVO followed by one case of bilateral BRVO and one case of bilateral CRAO.  Out of 114 patients, branch retinal vein occlusion was seen in 62 cases (54.38%), followed by central retinal vein occlusion in 36 cases (31.57%), CRAO in 8 cases (7.01%), and hemi- retinal vein occlusion in 4 cases (3.50%). Hypertension was the most common, (40 cases, 35.08%) risk factor identified for retinal vascular occlusive disorders followed by diabetes 24 cases (21.05%), combined diabetes and hypertension in 22 cases (19.29%), and atherosclerosis in 18 cases (15.78%).

Conclusions - Retinal vascular occlusive diseases have systemic as well as ocular risk factors. Understanding of these risk factors is essential for proper treatment of RVOD. Timely identification of risk factors for RVOD may helpful in decreasing ocular and systemic morbidity in these patients.
Significance of lymphocytic infiltrate in the development of hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy for benign thyroid lesions.
Authors: Quadros Dr. Gloria Venissa , Saldanha Dr. Prema , T. P. Ms. Mandara
Published: March 2019

Multinodular Goitre (MNG) is a common disorder and the incidence of hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy varies in different studies. Of the many factors which determine the post-operative thyroid hypofunction, the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the thyroid gland may have a significant role. The objective was to study the association of post-operative hypothyroidism and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland. This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Detection of hypothyroidism was based on thyroid function test values. The lymphocytic infiltrate within the thyroid gland was graded as 0,1,2,3 & 4. Correlations between the grade of lymphocytic infiltration and the patient’s age, type of surgery and hypothyroid status was assessed. In our patients, 59 (57.2%) cases developed hypothyroidism post-operatively, of which 72.3% had a high lymphocytic grade. Out of the cases having a high lymphocytic infiltration who developed hypothyroidism, 63.8% were above 40 years of age. There was statistically significant correlation between the grade of lymphocytic infiltration and hypothyroid status post-operatively (p = 0.017). This suggests its role in the progressive development of post-operative hypothyroidism.
A Rare Case of Vaginal Leiomyoma on Posterior Vaginal Wall without Uterine Myoma in Chronic Pelvic Pain Patient
Authors: Ji Yong il , Lee Eun hyun
Published: March 2019

Vaginal leiomyomas (fibromyomas and rhabdomyomas) are rarely reported in literature. They usually present as a vaginal palpable wall mass, or dysparenuria, or pressure symptoms of urinary tract and pelvic organs presentations as pelvic pain. We report one vaginal leiomyoma case found during hysterectomy for relief of chronic pelvic pain. Vaginal leiomyoma is difficult to make accurate diagnosis because of its unusual presentation. Careful examinations and imaging study may need to make differential diagnosis with malignancy.