bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A economia psicopolítica e a economia da felicidade: repensando consumo, renda e meio ambiente
Authors: Anache Marcelo De Carvalho Azevedo , Laurencel Luiz Da Costa
Published: May 2020

Com o intuito de dar continuidade ao aprofundamento dos estudos transdisciplinares, o presente artigo contempla as possíveis complementaridades entre a Economia Psicopolítica e a Economia da Felicidade. Por ambas reunirem elementos que possibilitam uma nova episteme no tratamento do consumo, da concentração de renda e da devastação do meio ambiente, pretende-se, através delas, propor uma visão não ortodoxa para o relacionamento dos agentes econômicos. A economia psicopolítica visa, através da tomada de consciência dos sujeitos em rede em relação à qualidade emancipatória ou não dos estados mentais que são autorizados a serem fonte de referência para a capacidade de julgar, restabelecer a comunicação, permitindo construir formas de re-harmonização das condições de existência e, possibilitando, assim, alcançar um maior nível de bem-estar. Por sua vez, os estudos da economia da felicidade enfatizam a abordagem de uma realidade social altamente complexa e dinâmica, onde o modo de pensar dualista se revela pobre e incompleto dada a existência de infinitos matizes de cores entre as pontas do espectro formado pelos fatos. Os argumentos propostos por essas duas epistemologias oferecem contribuições de reflexão metodológica pluralista e para além do modo de pensar dualista.
Characterization and comparison of PM2.5 oxidative potential assessed by two acellular assays
Authors: Gao Dong , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Mulholland James A. , Russell Armistead G. , Weber Rodney J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The capability of ambient particles to generate in vivo reactive
oxygen species (ROS), called oxidative potential (OP), is a potential metric
for evaluating the health effects of particulate matter (PM) and is
supported by several recent epidemiological investigations. Studies using
various types of OP assays differ in their sensitivities to varying PM
chemical components. In this study, we systematically compared two
health-relevant acellular OP assays that track the depletion of antioxidants
or reductant surrogates: (i) the synthetic respiratory-tract lining fluid (RTLF)
assay that tracks the depletion of ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH)
and (ii) the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay that tracks the depletion of DTT.
Yearlong daily samples were collected at an urban site in Atlanta, GA
(Jefferson Street), during 2017, and both DTT and RTLF assays were performed
to measure the OP of water-soluble PM2.5 components. PM2.5 mass
and major chemical components, including metals, ions, and organic and
elemental carbon were also analyzed. Correlation analysis found that OP as
measured by the DTT and AA depletion (OPDTT and OPAA,
respectively) were correlated with both organics and some water-soluble
metal species, whereas that from the GSH depletion (OPGSH) was
exclusively sensitive to water-soluble Cu. These OP assays were moderately
correlated with each other due to the common contribution from metal ions.
OPDTT and OPAA were moderately correlated with PM2.5 mass
with Pearson's r=0.55 and 0.56, respectively, whereas OPGSH
exhibited a lower correlation (r=0.24). There was little seasonal
variation in the OP levels for all assays due to the weak seasonality of
OP-associated species. Multivariate linear regression models were developed
to predict OP measures from the particle composition data. Variability in
OPDTT and OPAA were not only attributed to the concentrations of
metal ions (mainly Fe and Cu) and organic compounds but also to antagonistic
metal–organic and metal–metal interactions. OPGSH was sensitive to
the change in water-soluble Cu and brown carbon (BrC), a proxy for ambient
humic-like substances.
How aerosols and greenhouse gases influence the diurnal temperature range
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Samset Bjørn H. , Boucher Olivier , Iversen Trond , Lamarque Jean-François , Myhre Gunnar , Shindell Drew , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The diurnal temperature range (DTR), or difference between the maximum and minimum temperature within one day, is one of many climate parameters that affects health, agriculture and society. Understanding how DTR evolves under global warming is therefore crucial. Since physically different drivers of climate change, such as greenhouse gases and aerosols, have distinct influences on global and regional climate, predicting the future evolution of DTR requires knowledge of the effects of individual climate forcers, as well as of the future emissions mix, in particular in high emission regions. Using global climate model simulations from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP), we investigate how idealized changes in the atmospheric levels of a greenhouse gas (CO2) and aerosols (black carbon and sulfate) influence DTR, globally and in selected regions. We find broad geographical patterns of annual mean change that are similar between climate drivers, pointing to a generalized response to global warming which is not defined by the individual forcing agents. Seasonal and regional differences, however, are substantial, which highlights the potential importance of local background conditions and feedbacks. While differences in DTR responses among drivers are minor in Europe and North America, there are distinctly different DTR responses to aerosols and greenhouse gas perturbations over India and China, where present aerosol emissions are particularly high. BC induces substantial reductions in DTR, which we attribute to strong modelled BC-induced cloud responses in these regions.
Model bias in simulating major chemical components of PM2.5 in China
Authors: Miao Ruqian , Chen Qi , Zheng Yan , Cheng Xi , Sun Yele , Palmer Paul  I. , Shrivastava Manish , Guo Jianping , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yuhan , Tan Zhaofeng , Ma Xuefei , Chen Shiyi , Zeng Limin , Lu Keding , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: May 2020

Abstract. High concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) in China have caused severe visibility degradation. Accurate simulations of PM2.5 and its chemical components are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of pollution control strategies and the health and climate impacts of air pollution. In this study, we compared the GEOS-Chem model simulations with comprehensive data sets for organic aerosol (OA), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium in China. Model results are evaluated spatially and temporally against observations. The new OA scheme with a simplified secondary organic aerosol (SOA) parameterization significantly improves the OA simulations in polluted urban areas. The model underestimates sulfate and overestimates nitrate for most of the sites throughout the year. More significant underestimation of sulfate occurs in winter, while the overestimation of nitrate is extremely large in summer. Our model is unable to capture some of the main features in the diurnal pattern of the PM2.5 chemical components, suggesting underrepresented processes. Potential model adjustments that may lead to a better representation of boundary layer height, precursor emissions, hydroxyl radical, heterogeneous formation of sulfate and nitrate, and the wet deposition of nitric acid and nitrate are tested in the sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that uncertainties in chemistry perhaps dominate the model bias. The proper implementation of heterogeneous sulfate formation and the good estimates of the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and hydroxyl radical are essential for the improvement of the sulfate simulation. The update of the heterogeneous uptake coefficient of nitrogen dioxide significantly reduces the modeled concentrations of nitrate, and accurate sulfate simulation is important for modeling nitrate. However, the large overestimation of nitrate concentrations remains in summer for all tested cases. The uncertainty of the production of nitrate cannot explain the model overestimation, suggesting a problem related to the removal. A better understanding of the atmospheric nitrogen budget is needed for future model studies. Moreover, the results suggest that the remaining underestimation of OA in the model is associated with the underrepresented production of SOA.
Study of electron spectral diffusion process under DNP conditions by ELDOR spectroscopy focusing on the 14N solid effect
Authors: Ramirez Cohen Marie , Feintuch Akiva , Goldfarb Daniella , Vega Shimon
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Electron spectral diffusion (eSD) plays an important role in solid-state, static dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with polarizers that have inhomogeneously broadened EPR spectra, such as nitroxide radicals. It affects the electron spin
polarization gradient within the EPR spectrum during microwave irradiation
and thereby determines the effectiveness of the DNP process via the so-called indirect cross-effect (iCE) mechanism. The electron depolarization
profile can be measured by electron–electron double resonance (ELDOR)
experiments, and a theoretical framework for deriving eSD parameters from
ELDOR spectra and employing them to calculate DNP profiles has been
developed. The inclusion of electron depolarization arising from the
14N solid effect (SE) has not yet been taken into account in this
theoretical framework and is the subject of the present work. The 14N
SE depolarization was studied using W-band ELDOR of a 0.5 mM TEMPOL
solution, where eSD is negligible, taking into account the hyperfine
interaction of both 14N and 1H nuclei, the long microwave
irradiation applied under DNP conditions, and electron and nuclear
relaxation. The results of this analysis were then used in simulations of
ELDOR spectra of 10 and 20 mM TEMPOL solutions, where eSD is significant
using the eSD model and the SE contributions were added ad hoc employing the
1H and 14N frequencies and their combinations, as found from the
analysis of the 0.5 mM sample. This approach worked well for the 20 mM
solution, where a good fit for all ELDOR spectra recorded along the EPR
spectrum was obtained and the inclusion of the 14N SE mechanism
improved the agreement with the experimental spectra. For the 10 mM
solution, simulations of the ELDOR spectra recorded along the gz
position gave a lower-quality fit than for spectra recorded in the center of
the EPR spectrum. This indicates that the simple approach we used to
describe the 14N SE is limited when its contribution is relatively high
as the anisotropy of its magnetic interactions was not considered
explicitly.
Observations and Simulations of a Wind Farm Modifying a Thunderstorm Outflow Boundary
Authors: Tomaszewski Jessica M. , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. On June 18, 2019, National Weather Service (NWS) radar reflectivity data indicated the presence of thunderstorm-generated outflow propagating east-southeast near Lubbock, Texas. A section of the outflow boundary encountered a wind farm, and then experienced a notable reduction in propagating speed, suggesting that interactions with the wind farm impacted the outflow boundary progression. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting model and its Wind Farm Parameterization to address the extent to which wind farms can modify thunderstorm outflow boundaries. We conduct two simulations of the June 2019 outflow event, one containing the wind farm and one without. We specifically investigate the outflow propagation speed of the section of the boundary that encounters the wind farm and the associated impacts to near-surface wind speed, moisture, temperature, and changes to precipitation features as the storm and associated outflow pass over the wind farm domain. The NWS radar and nearby West Texas Mesonet surface stations provide observations for validation of the simulations. The presence of the wind farm in the simulation clearly slows the progress of the outflow boundary by over 20 km hr−1 similar to what was observed. Simulated perturbations of surface wind speed, temperature, and moisture associated with outflow passage were delayed by up to 6 minutes when the wind farm was present in the simulation compared to the simulation without the wind farm. However, impacts to precipitation were localized and transient, with no change to total accumulation across the domain.
Perspectives croisées sur l’écriture francophone au féminin
Authors: Aladdine Nour , Botsford Sarah , Ghazarian Stéphanie , Johnstone Jennifer , Paré Mélanie , Patton Kylie
Published: May 2020

Les signataires faisaient partie du même cours et dans l’esprit de la dynamique relationnelle qui animait ce cours, elles ont accepté que des portions de leurs réflexions sur Naomi Fontaine, Amélie Nothomb, Anne Hébert, Maryse Condé, Assia Djebar apparaissent ici conjuguées. Elles ont discuté La Belle Créole, Ombre sultane, Kuessipan, Les Fous de Bassan, Ni d’Eve, ni d’Adam, parfois avec l’aide de ce que nous avions lu de Beauvoir, Cixous, Irigaray. Elles analysent comment les personnages agissent et communiquent sous contrainte, dans l’isolement, sous l’effet d’élans brouillés, abîmés, « balançoire », nous laissant sur une impression de solitude embrassée par les routes, le paysage, le soleil, les « pierres d’eau ».
Deadly Sins: “The Black Cat” as a Macabre Retelling of Genesis 1–4
Authors: Dern John A.
Published: May 2020

Edgar Allan Poe's personal religious feeling may have been uncertain, but the influence of the Bible on his works is not in question. Poems such as “The Raven” and “Annabel Lee,” for instance, allude to ideal states not unlike that described in the creation story of Genesis, particularly the scriptural verses depicting the Garden of Eden. As in the biblical creation story—which provides the literary model of “paradise”—so in these poems: death has a lasting and adverse effect on happiness. In Genesis and “Annabel Lee,” moreover, malign influence undoes archetypal innocence. In much of his prose, too, Poe includes (sometimes telling) rhetorical references to the creation story, from the forbidden wisdom of “Ligeia” to the picturesque vale of “Landor's Cottage.” Allegorically, though, Poe's short story “The Black Cat” treats the creation story of Genesis 1–4 remarkably fully, moving beyond allusion as it essentially retells those chapters of Genesis in macabre form, describing an ideal state, original sin, and murder—the very outline of the biblical narrative itself.
The Dangerous Classes: Victorian Moral Rhetoric in Poe's “The Man of the Crowd”
Authors: Zipser Robert
Published: May 2020

Edgar Allan Poe's enigmatic story “The Man of the Crowd,” featuring its voyeuristic narrator who pursues a mysterious old man through the streets of London, has proven to be one of his most critically challenging tales. Like the old man, the story resists easy classification. This ambiguity has resulted in much criticism from different schools. However, one significant element of the story that has not been greatly examined is the shift in the tone of the rhetoric used by the narrator between his descriptions of the genteel classes and the poorer classes of the crowd. Critics have not addressed the sociohistorical origins of the narrator's darker rhetoric or its contextual purpose. I argue in this essay, first, that Poe's choice of London is intentional and that the narrator's moralist rhetoric is based on the stereotypes then used by moral reformers, physicians, and periodical editors in England and Scotland to demonize the poor of the slums as the dangerous classes; second, that Poe uses these stereotypes ironically to reveal to the reader the restricted limits of the narrator's perception and understanding, unknown to the narrator, which make it impossible for him to comprehend the individual psyche of the old man; and third, that Poe in this story creates a new hybrid protagonist situated on the scale of ratiocination halfway between the irrational narrators of the tales of conscience and the supremely rational C. Auguste Dupin.
Evenings at Home: A Neglected Book from Poe's Childhood
Authors: Kopley Richard
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Ellis and Allan Papers at the Library of Congress reveal that John Allan bought the children's book Evenings at Home, by John Aikin and Anna Laetitia Barbauld, on February 18, 1815. The book was presumably for Allan's six-year-old foster son Edgar. Though mentioned in Mary E. Phillips's Edgar Allan Poe: The Man, this book has not been fully explored in the scholarship. Among the pieces in Evenings at Home with Poe resonances are “The Transmigrations of Indur” (relating to Poe's review of Robert Montgomery Bird's Sheppard Lee) and “On Emblems” (relating to “The Raven” and “The Philosophy of Composition”). Evenings at Home provides an early context for several of Poe's works and warrants further consideration.
Bottom Terror in Poe's “William Wilson”
Authors: Reich Nicholas Tyler
Published: May 2020

With Leland S. Person's “Queer Poe” (2008) as critical starting place, this essay investigates how Poe uses the queer potential of William Wilson's fraught maturation from child to youth and his symptomatic conjuring of a ghostly double to produce queer terror. The story's frightening final scene, which this essay reads as a pivotal rendering of “bottom” terror, can act as what Carolyn Dinshaw calls a “queer touch across time” or Michel Foucault calls a “vibration,” one that can rhythmically, affectually bind Poe's work to readers in the present, particularly queer readers. This essay will resituate the story within a framework that gives equal attention to gender, sexuality, and terror.
Rethinking entrepreneurship and family business research in Honduras: a closer look in times of crisis
Authors: Discua Allan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Around the world, entrepreneurial activity is influenced by family. The influence of family in the creation, management, development and continuity of small, medium and large size enterprises is unequivocal. In this revision article, I argue for the relevance of further research in Honduras around entrepreneurship and the family enterprise. Methods and Discussion: As families in business are vital to the social and economic fabric of communities around the world there is value in understanding the special nature of enterprises that operate as family businesses. Honduras is a relevant context of study as research on family enterprises has been underrepresented and several challenges and fortuitous events affect the emergence and continuity of family enterprises. Conclusion: To advance understanding, this revision article brings together a collection of themes that provide a nuanced overview of key discussions and opportunities for further research.
Una respuesta rápida y efectiva ante los efectos inmediatos de la pandemia del coronavirus en Honduras
Authors: Colegio Hondureño de Economistas .
Published: May 2020

Ante la emergencia nacional y mundial provocada por la pandemia del coronavirus, el Colegio Hondureño de Economistas Capítulo Noroccidental considera necesario enfatizar algunas propuestas de vital importancia para las próximas semanas que dure la crisis sanitaria y así enfrentar los efectos negativos más inmediatos en los ingresos, en el consumo y en el empleo de los hondureños.
Recomendaciones alimentarias y nutricionales para la buena salud durante el COVID-19
Authors: Mendez Diana , Padilla Paula , Lanza Stephany
Published: May 2020

El brote del virus SARS-CoV-2 que produce COVID-19 surgió en Wuhan (China) en diciembre de 2019, hasta convertirse en la pandemia que afecta a todo el mundo. En Honduras la enfermedad avanza en el contexto de un sistema de salud deficiente, inequidad en repartición de recursos disponibles, falta de tecnología avanzada e inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional. En este documento abordamos el tema de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional presentando diferentes recomendaciones para una alimentación saludable frente al COVID-19 adaptadas a la población hondureña. Consideramos como base las guías del Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá (INCAP, 2020) y la Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética con el Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Dietistas-Nutricionistas.
Mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and its role in anticancer therapy
Authors: Warda Karolina , Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska Anna , Grzanka Alina , Grzanka Dariusz
Published: May 2020

The definition of mitotic catastrophe has been the subject of scientific discussion for over a decade. Initially, it was thought that mitotic catastrophe is one of the types of cell death occurring during aberrant mitosis. A number of studies carried out in recent years allowed for a better understanding of the function of this process. According to the definition proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death in 2018, mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that inhibits the proliferation and/or survival of cells that are unable to complete mitosis by inducing cell death or initiating cellular senescence. Mitotic catastrophe is recognized based on unique nuclear changes, the presence of abnormal mitotic figures and several molecular alterations. It is believed that avoiding mitotic catastrophe by genetically unstable cells promotes their unlimited growth, which can lead to cancer transformation. Therefore, the induction of mitotic catastrophe seems to be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, despite the significant role of this process, the molecular events between aberrant mitosis and cell death are still not well understood. It can be assumed that a thorough understanding of signaling pathways linking mitotic catastrophe with cell death will enable the effective use of known inducers of mitotic catastrophe in the treatment of cancer and provide new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to present a morphological and functional definition of mitotic catastrophe and its potential role in anticancer therapy.
Vein Thrombosis Risk in Women and Travel
Authors: Tsikouras Panagiotis , Anthoulaki Xanthoula , Deftereou Theodora , Chalkidou Anna , Bothou Anastasia , Gaitatzi Fotini , Chatzimichael Eleftherios , Gyroglou Selma , Chalil Bourazan Arsou , Stanulov George , Michalopoulos Spyridon , Tsirkas John , Babageogaka Irene , Rath Werner , Von Tempelhoff Georg-Friedrich , Zervoudis Stefanos , Iatrakis Georgios , Galazios Georgios , Nikolettos Nikolaos
Published: May 2020

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs is a serious condition that can lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) in about 15–24% of cases. If it is not diagnosed/treated timely, nearly 15% of these PE are lethal. The relationship between travel and staying in the same position for a long time is well-known since World War II. Generally, it is more frequent in air flights. It is also associated with the economic downturn in airplanes because passengers have limited space and have greater difficulty of moving. It is estimated that approximately 1–6% of long-haul passengers arrive at their destination with a clot in their veins, but most DVT are asymptomatic.
Current Perspectives on Frailty in the Elderly, Evaluation Tools and Care Pathways
Authors: Abreu Wilson , Abreu Margarida
Published: May 2020

The concept of frailty is frequently mentioned in studies related to the elderly population. Frailty in the elderly is considered a relevant dimension of quality of life. The concept of frailty has grown in importance because of a need to evaluate the health status of older persons and a need to prevent or at least delay late-life disability and total dependence on self-care. There is to date no clear consensus regarding the definition of frailty; some definitions have been proposed, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Just as conceptual disagreements arise about what frailty means, there are also disagreements about how to assess it. However, as researchers deepen the concept of frailty and the way to operationalize it, scales and inventories appear that allow us to have a more precise idea of the state of frailty. This aspect is extremely important because assistance strategies may depend on it. One of the most cited aspects is the assessment of the need to provide palliative care. In this chapter, we intend to review the concepts of frailty, operationalization strategies and assessment tools and clarify some ideas from the debate on what frailty is.
Diagnostic Value of Real-Time Ultrasound in Congenital Segmental Giant Megaureter: A Case Report
Authors: Jeon Young Hun , Kim Yu Jin , Yun Seok Joong , Cho Bum Sang , Lee Ok Jun
Published: May 2020

: Congenital segmental giant megaureter (CSGM), which refers to segmental cystic dilatation of the upper collecting system, is extremely rare in the pediatric population. Depending on the etiology, the condition could be categorized as primary or secondary megaureter with three subtypes including refluxing, obstructed, nonrefluxing and nonobstructed types. We report a case in which the CSGM presented as a giant abdominal cystic mass with associated right-sided hydronephrosis that was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Cystic mass and the tubular structure at the caudal side of the cystic mass were demonstrated on abdominal ultrasound. We identified a connection between the cystic mass and the lumen of the tubular structure. Therefore, the cystic mass was reported as CSGM on abdominal ultrasound, especially categorized as the nonrefluxing and nonobstructed type. The percutaneous nephrostomy was performed to relieve hydronephrosis, followed by excision of the dilated segment. CSGM is an extremely rare presentation of megaureter, requiring variable imaging modalities and an appropriate intervention. Especially, careful real-time ultrasound was critical to identify the CSGM promptly and essential for the individual appropriate management.
Diversity and distribution of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rocha Amanda Macêdo , De Melo José Iranildo Miranda
Published: May 2020

This paper provides a taxonomic assessment and distribution details of the species of the genus Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) for the Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil. Six species were found: L. erecta (L.) H.Hara, L. helminthorrhiza (Mart.) H.Hara, L. hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell, L. leptocarpa (Nutt.) H.Hara, L. nervosa (Poir.) H.Hara and L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven. Ludwigia nervosa was recorded for the first time in the studied area. Our taxonomic treatment comprises an identification key to the species. For each species, description, illustrations, taxonomic comments, flowering and fruiting data, geographic distribution map, and the conservation status for the studied area are provided. Among the recorded species, three were classified as “Near Threatened”, two as “Vulnerable” and one as “Critically Endangered”.
INOVAÇÃO NA GESTÃO PÚBLICA: UM ESTUDO DO PRÊMIO INOVES
Authors: Costa Betânia De Laia , Souza Susane Petinelli
Published: May 2020

Este estudo objetivou analisar o Prêmio Inoves como potencializador de iniciativas de inovação na gestão pública. Para tanto, a ideia de inovação vem apoiada na administração pública gerencial. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. No total, foram entrevistados 19 servidores públicos. Quanto aos procedimentos de análise dos dados o trabalho utiliza a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que as mudanças ocorridas no universo do trabalho na gestão privada atingem o setor público, considerado muitas vezes ineficiente e oneroso. Pode-se dizer que o Inoves potencializa iniciativas de inovação na gestão pública premiando e reconhecendo práticas inovadoras, tendo como foco a multiplicação dessas práticas. Apesar do setor público apresentar ações que valorizam boas práticas dos servidores, como o Prêmio Inoves, para a maioria dos entrevistados ainda há uma carência por parte do governo em ações de reconhecimento do trabalho do servidor. A relevância desta pesquisa é contribuir para o enriquecimento dos estudos sobre inovação no setor público num nível micro de análise.
Time does tell: An analysis of observable audience responses from the 2016 American presidential campaigns
Authors: Goode Ewan J. K. , Bull Peter
Published: May 2020

In this study a microanalysis of OAR (Observable Audience Responses) in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election was conducted. OAR were coded into dimensions including response rate (frequency per minute), response type, and categorised as either a unitary (a single response), composite (two or more simultaneous response types) or sequential (a unitary or composite response that is followed by a different response type) response form. It was found that U.S. audiences made use of all three response forms (unitary, composite, and sequential) and that certain response forms had been under-represented when contrasted with findings from previous research. This study was also the first to measure the duration of OAR in the context of an election, and it was observed that response form significantly affected the duration of response. It was inferred from this that the audiences might select different responses as a means to control the force of reply. This study failed to replicate previous research that had found a correlation between response rate (affiliative OAR per minute) and voter share on polling day, but instead found a stronger, significant correlation between the duration of OAR and voter share. It was interpreted that duration of OAR may be a superior indicator of wider voter enthusiasm as it captures the length of response as well as the incidence.
La défense du territoire et la participation des femmes autochtones aux luttes anti-extractivisme au sud du Mexique
Authors: Massicotte Marie-Josée
Published: May 2020

À partir d’une recherche sur le terrain au sud du Mexique, l’auteure présente les perspectives et les débats féministes récents sur l’extractivisme. Elle démontre que l’économie extractive est genrée et que même la littérature critique sur le sujet néglige les enjeux de genre et les perspectives autochtones. Elle met également en lumière les voix et l’apport des analyses féministes et autochtones, ainsi que des travaux d’écologie politique, afin de mieux comprendre la diversité des expériences, des logiques communautaires et des défis auxquels font face les hommes et les femmes s’opposant à l’industrie extractive et luttant pour la défense de leur territoire.
« Somos mujeres indígenas porque vivimos aquí1. »
Authors: Léonard Naomie
Published: May 2020

L’auteure interroge le rôle de la territorialité dans les récits et les mobilisations de femmes autochtones au Costa Rica. Plus précisément, elle veut mettre en évidence la place du lien au territoire dans les récits et les revendications de ces femmes afin de saisir la manière dont leurs mobilisations se construisent à partir de cette relation. L’auteure en conclut que la territorialité est un lieu central – à la fois de tension, d’articulation et d’identification – de définition des revendications au sein des initiatives qu’elle a examinées et dans les récits que les femmes autochtones ont partagés avec elle.
La Politique d’égalité femmes hommes 2014-2034 en Haïti : l’agentivité féministe, les possibilités institutionnelles et les contraintes récurrentes1
Authors: Baranyi Stephen , Champ Hannah
Published: May 2020

Selon certaines analystes, le mouvement des femmes, leurs voix et leurs priorités ont été largement déplacées par les agences internationales en Haïti, à la suite du séisme qui a frappé le pays en janvier 2010. Cette critique s’insère dans des analyses postcoloniales plus larges, de la marginalisation ou l’instrumentalisation des forces vives du Sud par des agences internationales, notamment dans les États qui se trouvent dans des situations fragiles ou en conflit. Sans minimiser la pertinence de ces critiques, la recherche menée entre 2017 et 2019 vise à comprendre la manière dont certains réseaux féministes résistent à ces dynamiques et influencent l’adoption de politiques publiques alternatives, particulièrement en Haïti. A été mobilisé un cadre théorique féministe institutionnaliste pour expliquer comment la militance du mouvement des femmes haïtiennes, l’intérêt de certains acteurs institutionnels et l’accompagnement de quelques agences internationales ont mené à l’adoption de la Politique d’égalité femmes hommes en 2014. Ce cadre théorique permet aussi d’expliquer la faible mise en oeuvre de cette politique et d’en tirer des leçons stratégiques, notamment par rapport à l’importance de l’agentivité hétérogène dans un contexte de résistances patriarcales et de crises récurrentes.
Le renouvellement de l’approche féministe des Centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel face à la nécessité intersectionnelle : un engagement mitigé malgré des efforts certains1
Authors: Anctil Avoine Priscyll , Veillette Anne-Marie , Pagé Geneviève
Published: May 2020

Depuis plus d’une décennie, les Centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel (CALACS) se sont investis dans l’adoption d’une approche intersectionnelle, celle-ci faisant écho à une nécessité émanant de leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Les résultats partiels de la recherche-action qui a accompagné les CALACS dans cette démarche indiquent que, malgré des efforts importants et une reconnaissance des besoins, plusieurs obstacles limitent la possibilité d’une transformation en profondeur : les résistances politiques, le choix de stratégies de premières étapes, le manque de transversalité et la présence de contraintes structurelles importantes. Ainsi, au-delà des prises de conscience, un engagement mitigé envers l’intersectionnalité, combiné aux difficultés structurelles prépondérantes et à la concrétisation ardue de principes théoriques, limite la portée du changement effectué dans les CALACS au cours des dernières années.
Une histoire de la Marche mondiale des femmes porteuse pour l’avenir. Les expériences et les contributions des centres de femmes du Québec1
Authors: Billette Véronique
Published: May 2020

La Marche mondiale des femmes a permis de vivre des expériences et de faire des apprentissages hors de l’ordinaire. En revisitant l’histoire de cette grande mobilisation, à travers la perspective locale de femmes du Québec, l’auteure a pour objectif de documenter les expériences et les contributions de groupes locaux à cette mobilisation transnationale, mais aussi de rendre compte des acquis liés à la mise en oeuvre des actions. Tout porte à croire que ces acquis ont perduré dans le temps, et l’on peut supposer que cette expérience porteuse est peut-être l’une des assises des mobilisations féministes renouvelées (locales ou transnationales).
La recherche partenariale féministe : des rapports égalitaires sous tension1
Authors: Courcy Isabelle , Kurtzman Lyne , Lacharité Berthe , Pelletier-Landry Lucie , Côté Isabel , Lafranchise Nathalie
Published: May 2020

Un grand nombre de recherches sont conjointement élaborées par des chercheuses et des groupes de femmes en vue de changer les structures d’inégalité et d’augmenter le pouvoir d’agir des femmes. Au Québec, ces initiatives s’inscrivent depuis près de 50 ans dans une tradition de développement et de promotion de la recherche partenariale. Les auteures présentent les résultats d’une recherche empirique menée afin de tracer un portrait des pratiques de recherche partenariale féministe et mieux comprendre la manière dont ce type de recherche est conçu et vécu par les chercheuses. Les résultats montrent que la recherche féministe partenariale est privilégiée pour son potentiel de contribution à la société. Son exercice doit par ailleurs relever des défis qui éclairent l’enjeu irrésolu de la hiérarchisation des savoirs, celui-ci se traduisant notamment dans les façons de nommer les pratiques de recherche, de concrétiser la coconstruction des connaissances et de développer des pratiques de résistance devant les inévitables dynamiques de pouvoir.
mRNA decapping is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of neuroendocrine signaling that controls development and ageing
Authors: Borbolis Fivos , Rallis John , Kanatouris George , Kokla Nikolitsa , Karamalegkos Antonis , Vasileiou Christina , Vakaloglou Katerina M , Diallinas George , Stravopodis Dimitrios J , Zervas Christos G , Syntichaki Popi
Published: May 2020

Eukaryotic 5’−3’ mRNA decay plays important roles during development and in response to stress, regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. In Caenorhabditis elegans, deficiency of DCAP-1/DCP1, the essential co-factor of the major cytoplasmic mRNA decapping enzyme, impacts normal development, stress survival and ageing. Here, we show that overexpression of dcap-1 in neurons of worms is sufficient to increase lifespan through the function of the insulin/IGF-like signaling and its effector DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Neuronal DCAP-1 affects basal levels of INS-7, an ageing-related insulin-like peptide, which acts in the intestine to determine lifespan. Short-lived dcap-1 mutants exhibit a neurosecretion-dependent upregulation of intestinal ins-7 transcription, and diminished nuclear localization of DAF-16/FOXO. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of DCP1 in Drosophila melanogaster confers longevity in adults, while neuronal DCP1 deficiency shortens lifespan and affects wing morphogenesis, cell non-autonomously. Our genetic analysis in two model-organisms suggests a critical and conserved function of DCAP-1/DCP1 in developmental events and lifespan modulation.
Parkin contributes to synaptic vesicle autophagy in Bassoon-deficient mice
Authors: Hoffmann-Conaway Sheila , Brockmann Marisa M , Schneider Katharina , Annamneedi Anil , Rahman Kazi Atikur , Bruns Christine , Textoris-Taube Kathrin , Trimbuch Thorsten , Smalla Karl-Heinz , Rosenmund Christian , Gundelfinger Eckart D , Garner Craig Curtis , Montenegro-Venegas Carolina
Published: May 2020

Mechanisms regulating the turnover of synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins are not well understood. They are thought to require poly-ubiquitination and degradation through proteasome, endo-lysosomal or autophagy-related pathways. Bassoon was shown to negatively regulate presynaptic autophagy in part by scaffolding Atg5. Here, we show that increased autophagy in Bassoon knockout neurons depends on poly-ubiquitination and that the loss of Bassoon leads to elevated levels of ubiquitinated synaptic proteins per se. Our data show that Bassoon knockout neurons have a smaller SV pool size and a higher turnover rate as indicated by a younger pool of SV2. The E3 ligase Parkin is required for increased autophagy in Bassoon-deficient neurons as the knockdown of Parkin normalized autophagy and SV protein levels and rescued impaired SV recycling. These data indicate that Bassoon is a key regulator of SV proteostasis and that Parkin is a key E3 ligase in the autophagy-mediated clearance of SV proteins.
Safety and Fertility Potential of Kenyan Grewia tenax (Mukawa Wa Guba) Root Extract Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Kasyoki Peter J. , Kaingu Catherine K. , Wangia Christine O. , Alkizim Faraj O.
Published: May 2020

Aim: To screen Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract phytochemicals and correlate the attribute fertility enhancing effects and safety in female albino rats.

Study Design: An experimental study design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The phytochemical studies were done at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Department of Botany Laboratory, while acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi (UON) animal house. The study was done during the month of March to June 2019.

Methodology: Grewia tenax was harvested with the help of a plant taxonomist. The roots were chopped into small pieces and dried under shade for three weeks. They were then ground into powder. Organic extracts were prepared by sequential extraction (petroleum ether, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and methanol), by use of cold maceration. Aqueous extracts were obtained by hot maceration. Phytochemical screening of extracts was done by standard phytochemical procedures. A total of 12 female albino rats were used in acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD 423 guidelines.

Results: Methanol extract had the highest composition of phytochemicals, i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, terpenes and cardiac glycosides. Aqueous and DCM extracts showed presence of alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides, while petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showed presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Steroids and tannins were absent in all extracts. Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes are fertility enhancing compounds due to their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides improve fertility by inducing ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. In the acute oral toxicity study, there were no adverse effects at 5000 mg/kg extract administration.

Conclusion: Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract has phytochemicals postulated to enhance fertility and is orally safe. These findings may require further verification using in vivo studies.
Viral Hepatitis B Screening among Asymptomatic Patients of Liver Pathology in a Secondary Health-care Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji Stephen Oluwasegun , Donbraye Emmanuel , Adetunji Blessing Ifeoluwa , Olaniran Olutayo Busola
Published: May 2020

Background: HBV infection is a serious ailment which damages the liver yet not well known and hence not given adequate attention. Many are infected but are not aware because they do not manifest any sign and symptom.

Aim: The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the prevalence of HBsAg among asymptomatic hospital attendees.

Study Design: A cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: St Mary’s Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between November 2017 and August 2018.

Methodology: 1328 consecutive patients who attended the hospital were enrolled into this study after obtaining their consent. Their blood samples were aseptically collected and assayed for HBsAg using conventional method.

Results: A total of 1,328 participants were enrolled, out of which 421 (31.7%) were male and 907 (68.3%) were female with a gender ratio of 1:2.2 - male to female. 5.9% (25/421) of the males tested positive to HBsAg while 5.4% (49/907) of the females tested positive to HBsAg (p=0.692). Of the overall 1328 individuals screened, 5.6% tested positive to HBsAg. The age group with the highest prevalence of HBsAg were those between 51 and 60 years with 13.1% followed by 41 - 50 years (7.2%) while > 70 years had the lowest prevalence.

Conclusion: This study showed that HBsAg infection is high among asymptomatic hospital attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria. More public sensitization and awareness programmes are strongly advocated for.
Medical Students and Internet Addiction: A Study at Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Khosa Zulfiqar , Bazai M. Yaseen , Khosa Abdullah Zulfiqar , Sana Hamaiyal
Published: May 2020

Objective: The use of internet is unavoidable in daily life. The young individuals are more prone to this condition. Beside many good benefits certain hazards are indicative richly observed in adolescent. The addiction test for internet usage is largely popular by using Internet Addiction Test IAT globally. This study is designed to assess and explore the internet addiction among Pakistani adolescents.  

Methods: 300 medical students of Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences aged from 18-25 years randomly selected for this study. Data collected based on scoring Internet Addiction Test 20 questionnaire. Factor categorization with Internet addiction assessment measured and analyzed according to age groups and gender specification. 

Results: The study results explored the addiction level of students. No sign of addiction seen in 32.33% (n=97) of students. Low and moderate level of addiction found in 46% (n=138) students and sever form of internet addiction seen in 21.66% (n=65) of medical students.

Conclusion: On the outcomes of current study, the measures should be seen for social and emotional behaviors and positive time given to internet use. Selected prevention measures should be planned for adolescent based on internet addiction.
Impact of Industrial Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Deposition in Farm Soils of Bhaluka Area, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Faisal , Zakir H. M. , Rahman A. , Sharmin Shaila
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted to determine heavy metal contents in industrial wastewater and contaminated soils of Bhaluka, Mymensingh and to assess their pollution level. A total of 9 industrial wastewater and 12 contaminated farm soil samples were collected directly from the farmers’ fields of Bhaluka area and analysed for this study. Considering EC, salinity and TDS, 56 to 89% wastewater samples were found problematic for long term irrigation. The concentration of CO3, HCO3 and Cl in wastewater ranged from 0.20-1.60, 2.0-11.2 and 1.30-4.79 me L-1, respectively and the content of Ca, Mg, Na and K in wastewater ranged from 16.03-52.10, 4.86-21.87, 101.98-678.90 and 5.59-48.63 mg L-1, respectively. The study results revealed that all wastewater samples were found unsuitable for irrigation in respect of CO3, HCO3 and K. Among the heavy metals studied, Pb, Cd and Fe concentrations in all wastewater samples and Mn content in 5 samples were found above than the acceptable limit for irrigation. The concentration of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Mn and Fe in wastewater irrigated soils of Bhaluka industrial area ranged from 50.48 to 448.56, 47.22 to 83.65, 19.13 to 328.23, 42.37 to 77.96, 22.93 to 43.86, 0.70 to 1.40, 161.5 to 341.7 and 38105 to 65399 μg g-1, respectively. Considering geoaccumulation index, the Igeo values for Pb and Cd for all locations of the study area exhibited positive values (0.495< Igeo <1.624), that means Igeo class: 1-2, indicate moderately polluted soil quality. On the other hand, as regards to enrichment factor (EFc), 9 locations for Pb, 5 for Cd, 1 for Zn and 1 for Cu had EFc values > 5.0, indicate contaminated soil quality. The study concluded that industrial wastewater used for irrigation was directly linked with the heavy metals deposition in the farm soils.
The Potential Corrosiveness of Soil Physico- Chemical Properties on Pipelines
Authors: Odesiri-Eruteyan Eunice Asiboroko , Owarieta Urhibo Voke , Tochukwu Nnaji Praise , Favour Efenudu
Published: May 2020

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the potential corrosiveness of selected soil physicochemical properties on pipelines.

Study Design: Soil samples were randomly collected around five pipeline locations with control from a farmland.

Duration of Study: The study lasted for three months.

Methodology: Standard methods were adopted in the collection of samples and the determination of the physicochemical properties of the samples.

Results: Metallic pipelines undergo more regular corrosion because they are used in environments like soil where they are chemically unstable. Soil physicochemical properties such as soil moisture, texture, pH and temperature, sulphate, chloride, redox potential and resistivity were determined. The pH of the five soil samples was acidic (pH =4.0 – 6.5), The highest moisture content was 22.88% while the lowest was 9.84%. The soil samples the potential of being corrosive to the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes. Delta Steel Company (DSC) roundabout had the highest sulphate content of 724.13 mg/kg while the lowest was Oleh with 156.14 mg/kg. The highest percentage of Total Organic Carbon was 0.52% and the lowest was 0.40%.

Conclusion: Besides pipeline vandalization, pipeline corrosion may likely be one of the major causes of oil spillage in localized underground pipelines within the region. There is, therefore, an urgent need for computerized sensors to assist in the monitoring of underground pipeline integrity in Nigeria.