bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol-Based Microencapsulated Extracts as Novel Green Insecticides for Sustainable Management of Polyphagous Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855)
Authors: Živković Ivana Pajač , Jurić Slaven , Vinceković Marko , Galešić Marija Andrijana , Marijan Marijan , Vlahovićek-Kahlina Kristina , Mikac Katarina M. , Lemic Darija
Published: December 2020

The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855) is an invasive polyphagous species that threatens fruit growing both in the United States and Europe. Many pesticide active ingredients have been studied in H. halys management, but for sustainable fruit growing, which implies the reduction of chemical harm to the environment, new safe insecticides should be implemented into the practice. For this purpose, novel green insecticide based on natural polyphenols of species Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott 1821 was developed. Stevia leaves (SLE) and Aronia pomace (APE) aqueous extracts were prepared using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Optimal extraction conditions for bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols, respectively) and antioxidant activity were determined using response surface methodology. Bioactive compounds rich SLE and APE were encapsulated in calcium alginate microparticles by the ionic gelation method. Physicochemical characteristics (morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and swelling) of microparticles showed very good properties with especially high encapsulation efficiency. Fitting to simple Korsmeyer–Peppa’s empirical model revealed that the underlying release mechanism of polyphenols is Fickian diffusion. SLE loaded microparticles showed very good pesticidal efficiency against Halyomorpha halys, especially on younger larval stages after both contact and digestive treatment. Microparticles loaded with APE did not achieve satisfactory digestive efficiency, but a certain toxic impact has been observed at contact application on all H. halys growth stages. Microparticles loaded with SLS exhibited prolonged insecticidal action against H. halys and could be a potential candidate as a green insecticide whose application could increase fruit growing safety.
Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia
Authors: Eanes Andre M. , Lookingbill Todd R. , Hoffman Jeremy S. , Saverino Kelly C. , Fong Stephen S.
Published: December 2020

Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily means for the entire record for the year, the temperature was found to exhibit a positive correlation with PM2.5. Analysis of hourly means on the ten hottest days yielded a diurnal pattern in which PM2.5 levels peaked in the early morning and reached their minima in the mid-afternoon. Spatially, sites exhibiting higher temperatures consistently had higher PM2.5 readings, with vulnerable communities in the east end and more intensely developed parts of the city experiencing significantly higher temperatures and PM2.5 concentrations than the suburban neighborhoods in the west end. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of air pollution in Richmond during extreme heat events that are similar in pattern but less pronounced than the temperature differences during these events, although further investigation is required to verify the extent of this relationship. As other studies have found both of these environmental stressors to correlate with the distribution of green space and other land-use factors in cities, innovative and sustainable planning decisions are crucial to the mitigation of these issues of inequity going forward.
A Novel One-Dimensional CNN with Exponential Adaptive Gradients for Air Pollution Index Prediction
Authors: Ragab Mohammed G. , Abdulkadir Said J. , Aziz Norshakirah , Al-Tashi Qasem , Alyousifi Yousif , Alhussian Hitham , Alqushaibi Alawi
Published: December 2020

Air pollution is one of the world’s most significant challenges. Predicting air pollution is critical for air quality research, as it affects public health. The Air Pollution Index (API) is a convenient tool to describe air quality. Air pollution predictions can provide accurate information on the future pollution situation, effectively controlling air pollution. Governments have expressed growing concern about air pollution due to its global effect on human health and sustainable growth. This paper proposes a novel forecasting model using One-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) and Exponential Adaptive Gradients (EAG) optimization to predict API for a selected location, Klang, a city in Malaysia. The proposed 1D-CNN–EAG exponentially accumulates past model gradients to adaptively tune the learning rate and converge in both convex and non-convex areas. We use hourly air pollution data over three years (January 2012 to December 2014) for training. Parameter optimization and model evaluation was accomplished by a grid-search with k-folds cross-validation. Results have confirmed that the proposed approach achieves better prediction accuracy than the benchmark models in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and the Correlation Coefficient (R-Squared) with values of 2.036, 2.354, 4.214 and 0.966, respectively, and time complexity.
Fish Losses for Whom? A Gendered Assessment of Post-Harvest Losses in the Barotse Floodplain Fishery, Zambia
Authors: Kaminski Alexander Michael , Cole Steven Michael , Al Haddad Robin Elizabeth , Kefi Alexander Shula , Chilala Alex Dennis , Chisule Gethings , Mukuka Kelvin Ntaswila , Longley Catherine , Teoh Shwu Jiau , Ward Ansen Ronald
Published: December 2020

Few studies examine post-harvest fish losses using a gender lens or collect sex-disaggregated data. This mixed-methods study assessed fish losses experienced by female and male value chain actors in a fishery in western Zambia to determine who experiences losses, why, and to what extent. Results indicate that participation in the fishery value chain is gendered and most losses occur during post-harvest activities. Discussions with fishers, processors, and traders suggest the value chain is more fluid than often depicted, with people making calculated decisions to sell fresh or dried fish depending on certain conditions, and mostly driven by the need to avoid losses and attain higher prices. The study shows that gender norms shape the rewards and risks offered by the value chain. This could be the reason why a greater proportion of women than men experienced physical losses in our study sample. Female processors lost three times the mass of their fish consignments compared to male processors. Technical constraints (lack of processing technologies) and social constraints (norms and beliefs) create gender gaps in post-harvest losses. Addressing unequal gender relations in value chains, whilst also promoting the use of loss-reducing technologies, could increase fish supply and food security in small-scale fisheries.
Citizen Science and Citizen Energy Communities: A Systematic Review and Potential Alliances for SDGs
Authors: Wuebben Daniel , Romero-Luis Juan , Gertrudix Manuel
Published: December 2020

Citizen science and citizen energy communities are pluralistic terms that refer to a constellation of methods, projects, and outreach activities; however, citizen science and citizen energy communities are rarely, if ever, explicitly aligned. Our searches for “citizen science” and “energy” produced limited results and “citizen science” and “energy communities” produced zero. Therefore, to outline a future direction of citizen science, its potential alliances with energy communities, and their collaborative contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals, we performed a systematic literature review and analysis of “public participation” and “energy communities” using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRIMSA) guidelines. The results show four pathways through which current public participation in energy communities might be more explicitly aligned with citizen science projects: benefits and values, energy practices, intermediaries, and energy citizenship. Each of these pathways could engage citizen scientists in qualitative and quantitative research and increase scientific literacy about energy systems. Our call for citizen science to supplement current forms of participation builds from the “ecologies of participation” framework, itself an extension of co-productionist theories of science and technology studies. We conclude with a discussion of affordances and barriers to the alliances between citizen science and energy communities and their potential contributions to SDGs 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, 13: Climate Action, and 17: Partnerships for the Goals.
Stochastic Unit Commitment Problem, Incorporating Wind Power and an Energy Storage System
Authors: Alqunun Khalid , Guesmi Tawfik , Albaker Abdullah F. , Alturki Mansoor T.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a modified formulation for the wind-battery-thermal unit commitment problem that combines battery energy storage systems with thermal units to compensate for the power dispatch gap caused by the intermittency of wind power generation. The uncertainty of wind power is described by a chance constraint to escape the probabilistic infeasibility generated by classical approximations of wind power. Furthermore, a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm was applied to solve the unit commitment problem. The uncertainty of wind power was classified as a sub-problem and separately computed from the master problem of the mixed-integer linear programming. The master problem tracked and minimized the overall operation cost of the entire model. To ensure a feasible and efficient solution, the formulation of the wind-battery-thermal unit commitment problem was designed to gather all system operating constraints. The solution to the optimization problem was procured on a personal computer using a general algebraic modeling system. To assess the performance of the proposed model, a simulation study based on the ten-unit power system test was applied. The effects of battery energy storage and wind power were deeply explored and investigated throughout various case studies.
The Effect of Countries’ Health and Environmental Conditions on Restaurant Reputation
Authors: Fernández-Gámez Manuel A. , Santos José António C. , Diéguez-Soto Julio , Campos-Soria Juan A.
Published: December 2020

Corporate reputation enhancement in the restaurant industry has recently been increasingly driven by the central importance of consumer review websites and customers’ greater awareness of sustainable practices regarding health and the environment. In this context, the research question of the present study was if there is a relationship between health and environmental conditions, and restaurants’ corporate reputation on a country level. Trying to answer this question, the present study sought to analyze the effects of countries’ health and environmental conditions on their restaurants’ corporate reputation, thereby contributing to the existing knowledge about how sustainable environments influence the industry’s competitiveness. The research design included different methodological approaches, and was divided into three main phases: restaurant corporation identification, reputation database design, and results. To this end, reputation data from a consumer review website were gathered for a sample of restaurant corporations and establishments connected to the European countries on the Healthiest Country Index.The methods were based on regression analysis. The results indicate that restaurant reputation improves in healthy, sustainable environments, specifically in countries ranked as the healthiest. These findings provide a better understanding of how aspects related to health and environmental sustainability influence corporate reputation.
How to Choose a Hydrological Recovery Mode for Degraded Semiarid Wetland in China? A Case Study on Restoration of Phragmites australis Saline-Alkaline Wetland
Authors: Yu Shuling , Li Xiaoyu , An Subang , Yang Yanli , Zhang Na , Du Zhixin
Published: December 2020

Hydrological recovery is the basis for restoring the structure and function of wetlands in semiarid and arid areas of China. Selecting an appropriate hydrological recovery mode may be helpful for improving the effectiveness of wetland restoration. We conducted pot experiments to study the effects of the flooding frequency, duration, depth, and occurrence time on the height, biomass, ion contents, and photosynthetic physiology of Phragmites australis in degraded saline–alkaline marsh in the West Songnen Plain, China. At the end of the growing season, we found that the biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves increased, whereas the Na+ concentration decreased, and the K+ content remained unchanged under an increased flooding frequency treatment. As the flooding depth increased, the plant height increased, but there were no differences in the photosynthetic parameters, biomass, and WUE under flooding at 5 cm and 10 cm. Under different flooding duration treatments, the plant height and biomass were greater, but the photosynthetic parameters and Na+ and K+ contents were lower under a flooding duration of three months. The flooding occurrence time had little effect on the growth of P. australis. Our results indicate that the flooding frequency and duration had greater effects than the flooding depth and occurrence time in the hydrological recovery model for P. australis restoration. The biomass accumulated by P. australis was related to lower Na+ contents and the maintenance of a high K+/Na+ contents, and WUE increased by adjusting photosynthesis under a moderate flooding frequency and duration. These results have important implications for the restoration of degraded semiarid wetlands with man-made channel systems in conditions with limited freshwater resources.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Toxic and Non-Toxic Nassarius Communities and Identification of Genes Involved in TTX-Adaptation
Authors: Zou Shanmei
Published: December 2020

Nassarius has caused serious people poisoning and death incident as a popular food due to tetrodotoxin (TTX) accumulation in their body. Understanding the genetic basis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) transformation and resistance in animals could lead to significant insights into adaptive evolution to toxins and toxin poisoning cures in medicine. Here we performed comparative transcriptome analysis for toxic and non-toxic communities in Nassarius succinctus and Nassarius variciferus to reveal their genetic expression and mutation patterns. For both species, the cellular and metabolic process, and binding and catalytic activity accounted for the top classification categories, and the toxic communities generally produced more up-regulated genes than non-toxic communities. Most unigenes and different expression genes were related to disease, e.g., heat shock protein and tissue factor pathway inhibitors, which involve detoxification and coagulation. In mutation levels, the sodium channel gene of N. succinctus had one amino acid mutation “L”, which is different from that of other animals. In conclusion, the comparative transcriptome analysis of different species and populations provided an important genetic basis for adaptive evolution to toxins, health and toxin poisoning cure research for TTX in marine gastropoda mollusk. Future studies will focus on the action mechanism of the important functional gene for TTX accumulation and resistance.
The Revolution in Indication for Liver Transplantation: Will Liver Metastatic Disease Overcome the End-Stage Liver Disease in the Next Future?
Authors: Manzia Tommaso , Parente Alessandro , Angelico Roberta , Gazia Carlo , Tisone Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

Indications for liver transplantation (LT) have constantly been evolving during the last few decades due to a better understanding of liver diseases and innovative therapies. Likewise, also the underlying causes of liver disease have changed. In the setting of transplant oncology, recent developments have pushed the boundaries of oncological indications for LT outside hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially for secondary liver tumors, such as neuroendocrine and colorectal cancer. In the next years, as more evidence emerges, LT could become the standard treatment for well-selected metastatic liver tumors. In this manuscript, we review and summarize the available evidence for LT in liver tumors beyond HCC with a focus on metastatic liver malignancies, highlighting the importance of these new concepts for future implications.
Urban Form, Socio-Demographics, Attitude and Activity Spaces: Using Household-Based Travel Diary Approach to Understand Travel and Activity Space Behaviors
Authors: Sharmeen Naila , Houston Douglas
Published: December 2020

Very few studies have addressed the gap in literature by examining the travel and activity patterns of travelers in developing countries to inform future land use and socio-economic planning. The major purpose of this paper is to determine the factors related with travel and activity space patterns of residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Based on lessons learned from a pilot study, a full study was undertaken using artificial neural network and regression. A network analyst-based shortest path network with road network buffer activity space calculation measure was used in geographic information system. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to identify attitudinal factor dimensions. Calculated individual activity spaces were found to range from 0.08 to 10.13 square miles. Trip characteristics were found to be significant predictors of individual activity space. In case of household activity space, D variables (density, design, and destination accessibility) and household characteristics were found as the most significant. Perceived neighborhood amenities, car attachment, monetary concerns, transit preferences, perceived daily travel area and environmental concern were found to shape people’s perception. Weekend activity spaces were more compact than those for weekdays. Individual day-to-day variability was less during weekdays than on the weekend. Female and high-income respondents had smaller activity spaces.
Inadequate Immune Humoral Response against JC Virus in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Non-Survivors
Authors: Solis Morgane , Guffroy Aurélien , Lersy François , Soulier Eric , Gallais Floriane , Renaud Mathilde , Douiri Nawal , Argemi Xavier , Hansmann Yves , De Sèze Jérôme , Kremer Stéphane , Fafi-Kremer Samira
Published: December 2020

JC virus (JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunosuppressed patients. There is currently no effective specific antiviral treatment and PML management relies on immune restoration. Prognosis markers are crucially needed in this disease because of its high mortality rate. In this work, we investigated the compartmentalization of JCV strains as well as the humoral neutralizing response in various matrices to further understand the pathophysiology of PML and define markers of survival. Four patients were included, of which three died in the few months following PML onset. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral loads were the highest, with plasma samples having lower viral loads and urine samples being mostly negative. Whether at PML onset or during follow-up, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers directed against the same autologous strain (genotype or mutant) were the highest in plasma, with CSF titers being on average 430-fold lower and urine titers 500-fold lower at the same timepoint. Plasma NAb titers against autologous genotype or mutant were lower in non-survivor patients, though no neutralization “blind spot” was observed. The surviving patient was followed up until nine months after PML onset and presented, at that time, an increase in neutralizing titers, from 38-fold against the autologous genotype to around 200-fold against PML mutants. Our results suggest that patients’ humoral neutralizing response against their autologous strain may play a role in PML outcome, with survivors developing high NAb titers in both plasma and CSF.
Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Liyan , Esmael Ahmed , Duan Jie , Bian Xuefeng , Jia Jichun , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong , Lin Yang
Published: December 2020

Via virome sequencing, six viruses were detected from Magnaporthe oryzae strains YC81-2, including one virus in the family Tombusviridae, one virus in the family Narnaviridae and four viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of one botourmiavirus show the highest identity (79%) with Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1), the virus that was grouped into the genus Magoulivirus was designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 2 (MOBV2). The three other novel botourmiaviruses were selected for further study. The complete nucleotide sequences of the three botourmiaviruses were determined. Sequence analysis showed that virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were 2598, 2385, and 2326 nts in length, respectively. The variable 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and 5′-UTR of each virus could be folded into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. Each virus consisted of a unique ORF encoding a putative RdRp. The putative proteins with a conserved GDD motif of RdRp showed the highest sequence similarity to RdRps of viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these viruses were three distinct novel botourmiaviruses, clustered into the Botourmiaviridae family but not belonging to any known genera of this family. Thus, virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 5, 6, and 7 (MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7), respectively. Our results suggest that four distinct botourmiaviruses, MOBV2, MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7, co-infect a single strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, and MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7 are members of three unclassified genera in the family Botourmiaviridae.
Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
Authors: Dutilleul Antoine , Rodari Anthony , Van Lint Carine
Published: December 2020

Despite the introduction of combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection cannot be cured and is still one of the major health issues worldwide. Indeed, as soon as cART is interrupted, a rapid rebound of viremia is observed. The establishment of viral latency and the persistence of the virus in cellular reservoirs constitute the main barrier to HIV eradication. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches have emerged to purge or restrain the HIV-1 reservoirs in order to cure infected patients. However, the viral latency is a multifactorial process that depends on various cellular mechanisms. Since these new therapies mainly target viral transcription, their development requires a detailed and precise understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying HIV-1 transcription. In this review, we discuss the complex molecular transcriptional network regulating HIV-1 gene expression by focusing on the involvement of host cell factors that could be used as potential drug targets to design new therapeutic strategies and, to a larger extent, to reach an HIV-1 functional cure.
Cellular Immune Responses in Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Following Vaccination and Challenge Against Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV)
Authors: Veenstra Kimberly A. , Hodneland Kjartan , Fischer Susanne , Takehana Kota , Belmonte Rodrigo , Fischer Uwe
Published: December 2020

Viral disease outbreaks remain a significant limiting factor for aquaculture. The majority of licensed vaccines used in the industry are administered as oil-adjuvanted formulations carrying inactivated whole pathogens. Cell-mediated immune responses, in particular those based on virus-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) to conventional inactivated oil-based vaccines, are largely unexplored. As vaccines cannot be optimized against viral pathogens if knowledge of host cellular immune mechanisms remains unknown, in this study we examined fundamental cell-mediated immune responses after vaccination of rainbow trout with an oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine against salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and after infection with SAV. A unique in vitro model system was developed to examine MHC class I restricted CTL responses in a clonal line of rainbow trout. The levels of cell-mediated cytotoxicity were compared to pathology, virus load, specific antibody response, changes in immune cell populations, and mRNA expression. Our results hint that different protective mechanisms are being triggered by infection compared to vaccination. While vaccination itself did not cause a strong cytotoxic or humoral response, subsequent challenge of vaccinated fish resulted in significantly stronger and faster specific cytotoxicity, alongside reduced viral titers and pathology. Hence, testing a vaccine on the capacity to induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity will still require a challenge test. Examination of cellular markers additionally indicates that the initial innate response induced by the vaccine could play an important role in steering adaptive mechanisms.
Sediment Bed Borehole Advection Method
Authors: Augustine Scott , Cho Jaehyun , Klammler Harald , Hatfield Kirk , Annable Michael D.
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces and tests the Sediment Bed Borehole Advection Method (SBBAM), a low cost, point-measurement technique which utilizes a push-point probe to quantify the vertical direction and magnitude of Darcy flux at the surface water—groundwater sediment interface. The Darcy flux measurements are derived from the residence-time analysis of tracer arrival calculated from measured tracer concentration time-series data. The technique was evaluated in the laboratory using a sediment bed simulator tank at eight flow rates (1–90 cm/day). Triplicate test runs for each flow rate returned average errors between 4–20 percent; r2 = 0.9977.
Drinking Water Quality Mapping Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Analysis in Primary Schools of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Jamil , Wong Li Ping , Chua Yan Piaw , Channa Najeebullah
Published: December 2020

Primary school children in the developing world often lack potable water, which may result in a high burden of water-related diseases and poor school performance. The present study aimed to characterize the drinking water quality in primary schools of Pakistan. We used a multistage random-sampling method to select 425 primary schools from selected districts of Sindh province. Standard methods were used to characterize water quality. The results were compared with maximum acceptable values recommended by the Pakistani National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak NEQS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality standards. Groundwater (62%) and surface water (38%) were identified as two major drinking water sources in the selected schools with varying levels of water quality. Among all parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nitrate remained within WHO and Pak NEQS water quality standard limit, while total dissolved solids (TDS) (33%), electrical conductivity (EC) (46%), chloride (34%), turbidity (27%), and hardness (11%) samples exceeded standard limits. All dissolved salts had moderate to strong positive correlations with TDS and EC values. Based on a water quality index (WQI), 74% of primary schools had access to excellent or good quality drinking water compared to 26% of schools that had access to either poor, very poor or unsuitable drinking water. Among all three regions, more schools from South Sindh had either poor, very poor or unsuitable drinking water (33%) compared to the Central (25%) and North zones (15%). Hence, water from these locations is unfit for human consumption and these schools need better water quality management plans to stop the spread of water-related diseases in primary school children.
Literature Review: Global Neonicotinoid Insecticide Occurrence in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Borsuah Josephus F. , Messer Tiffany L. , Snow Daniel D. , Comfort Steve D. , Mittelstet Aaron R.
Published: December 2020

Neonicotinoids have been the most commonly used insecticides since the early 1990s. Despite their efficacy in improving crop protection and management, these agrochemicals have gained recent attention for their negative impacts on non-target species such as honeybees and aquatic invertebrates. In recent years, neonicotinoids have been detected in rivers and streams across the world. Determining and predicting the exposure potential of neonicotinoids in surface water requires a thorough understanding of their fate and transport mechanisms. Therefore, our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of neonicotinoids with a focus on their fate and transport mechanisms to and within surface waters and their occurrence in waterways throughout the world. A better understanding of fate and transport mechanisms will enable researchers to accurately predict occurrence and persistence of insecticides entering surface waters and potential exposure to non-target organisms in agricultural intensive regions. This review has direct implications on how neonicotinoids are monitored and degraded in aquatic ecosystems. Further, an improved understanding of the fate and transport of neonicotinoids aide natural resource practitioners in the development and implementation of effective best management practices to reduce the potential impact and exposure of neonicotinoids in waterways and aquatic ecosystems.
Hydrodynamic and Wave Responses During Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Real-Time Forecast System
Authors: Khalid Arslaan , de Lima Andre de Souza , Cassalho Felicio , Miesse Tyler , Ferreira Celso
Published: December 2020

Coastal flooding is a global phenomenon that results in severe economic losses, threatens lives, and impacts coastal communities worldwide. While recent developments in real-time flood forecasting systems provide crucial information to support coastal communities during coastal disasters, there remains a challenge to implement such systems in data-poor regions. This study demonstrates an operational real-time coupled surge wave guidance system for the coastal areas of Southern Brazil. This system is based on the recently developed integrated flood (iFLOOD) model, which utilizes the coupled hydrodynamic and phase-averaged ADCIRC–SWAN wave numerical model, driven by astronomical tides and atmospheric forcing from the Global Forecast System (GFS). This numerical modeling framework can simulate water levels and waves with a lead time of 84 h. A version of the coupled ADCIRC–SWAN model calibrated for Brazil, i.e., iFLOOD-Brazil, was operationally implemented (i.e., twice a day) over a period of 4 months (April to September 2020) for normal daily weather validation, as well as during a recent “bomb” cyclone that strongly impacted the southern coast of the country in June 2020. The real-time water levels and waves forecasted by iFLOOD-Brazil showed promising results against observations, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.32 m and 0.68 m, respectively, for normal daily weather. Additionally, the RMSE values were 0.23 m for water levels and 1.55 m for waves during extreme weather, averaged over eight water level and two wave recording stations. In order to improve real-time predictions, a bias correction scheme was introduced and was shown to improve the water level and wave forecasts by removing the known systematic errors resulting from underestimation of astronomical tides and inadequate initial boundary conditions. The bias-corrected forecasts showed significant improvements in forecasted wave heights (0.47 m, 0.35 m) and water levels (0.17 m, 0.28 m) during daily and extreme weather conditions. The real-time iFLOOD-Brazil forecast system is the first step toward developing an accurate prediction model to support effective emergency management actions, storm mitigation, and planning in order to protect these economically valuable and socially vulnerable coastal areas.
Aberrant Pancreas: Diagnostics and Therapeutic Tactics. Clinical Observation
Authors:   Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Savina I.V. , Lesko K.A. , Bistrovskaya Ye.V. , Kiryukova M.A. , Bordin D.S. , Dubtsova Ye.A. ,   Tver State Medical University,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Published: December 2020

Aberrant pancreas is a result of impaired embryogenesis. The clinical presentation varies and mimics different diseases. The diagnostics complexity makes specialists conduct the patients’ work-up more thoroughly. Chronic recurrent pancreatitis is one of pancreatic cancer risk factors. Tobacco and alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of developing aberrant pancreas. The article presents a clinical case of a 37-year-old man with a 10-year history of chronic pancreatitis mainly highlighting the diagnostics of aberrant pancreas. The disease manifested with an episode of acute pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis treated in a hospital. Pancreatic pseudocysts were diagnosed four years later. However, only six years after, aberrant pancreas in stomach and cystic dystrophy of duodenal wall were diagnosed. Accurate diagnosis allowed tailored treatment and avoiding surgery.
Atrás de nós
Authors: Oliveira Sergio Ricardo Alves de
Published: December 2020

Moishe Postone, que foi Professor Emérito Thomas E. Donnelley de História Moderna e do Centro de Estudos Judaicos da University of Chicago, faleceu em março de 2018 após uma longa batalha contra o câncer. Editor fundador da revista Critical historical studies, tornou-se mais conhecido por sua importante e nova interpretação de Marx em Tempo, trabalho e dominação social[1]. Sua morte é uma grande perda; sentiremos profundamente a ausência de seu espírito e de sua pessoa.

Na primavera de 2015, encontramo-nos com o professor Postone para conversar sobre tudo, menos Marx. Nossa conversa se concentrou em autores lidos no Ciclo Básico de Ciências Sociais (CBCS) que ministrou de 1990 a 2016, o “Indivíduo, Cultura e Sociedade”. O professor Postone constituiu a maior influência formativa no currículo “Indivíduo, Cultura e Sociedade” durante seu período como titular, e advogou intensamente pelos conhecimentos das Humanidades.

Todos os graduandos da University of Chicago devem cursar um ano de CBCS. “Indivíduo, Cultura e Sociedade” (“Indivíduo”) é um dos três ciclos mais populares de CBCS da universidade; os outros – “Clássicos do Pensamento Social e Político” (“Clássicos”) e “Poder, Identidade e Resistência” (“Poder”) serão mencionados abaixo.

 

[1] N. do T.: Ver POSTONE, Moishe. Tempo, trabalho e dominação social: uma reinterpretação da teoria crítica de Marx. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2014.
Recursos argumentativos na hashtag #MeuAmigoSecreto: análise dos enunciados no Facebook
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Luiza
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo lança olhares às escolhas argumentativas presente nos enunciados vinculados à hashtag #MeuAmigoSecreto, publicados entre 25 e 30 de novembro de 2015, na plataforma Facebook. Considerando que toda enunciação é argumentativa, tem-se como objetivo analisar, com base nas categorias postuladas por Fiorin (2016), quais as táticas argumentativas mais recorrentes nos enunciados. Parte-se de uma metodologia de cunho netnográfico, de forma quanti e qualitativa, propondo a análise argumentativa de 49 publicações. Para tanto, ancora-se na Teoria da Argumentação, recorrendo também à Koch (2011) e Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996; 2011). Como resultado, observa-se a predileção aos argumentos que recorrem ao mundo objetivo, indicando que as construções sobre violência e machismo usam, majoritariamente, como base a noção de realidade e vivência compartilhadas entre mulheres.
Um estupro de sessenta mil
Authors: Do Carmo Melo Iuli
Published: December 2020

Em 2016, o Brasil registrou sessenta mil casos de estupros, com média de uma mulher sendo vítima a cada dez minutos no país. Em quarenta segundos, um desses casos, envolvendo trinta e três homens e uma adolescente de dezesseis anos, na comunidade do Barão, Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, se tornou público, após a divulgação do vídeo com a legenda “amassaram a mina intendeu ou não intendeu”. A comoção do caso serviu para aprofundar a dimensão da cultura do estupro no debate sobre as violências sexuais, sendo identificada a partir dos estudos, vivências e pensamentos feministas. O desenrolar da discussão traz as informações divulgadas pela imprensa sobre o caso, em um debate que acentua o jogo discursivo de interpretações de comportamentos, no qual permeia a opinião pública e a relação dos movimentos feministas com as mídias sociais. Resultam em considerações as contribuições da produção de discursos dos movimentos feministas, que questionam as ‘normas’ que produzem a naturalização das violências sexuais contra as mulheres, indicando possibilidades e perspectivas de desconstrução da cultura do estupro. Ressalto a urgência de se considerar a análise da cultura do estupro a partir de um olhar intersecional, rompendo com a universalização da categoria gênero e atentando-se para as diferenças nas experiências de mulher.
“Eu acho que crescendo nós vemos certos corpos e certas raças tendo mais exposição e atenção e você pensa: ‘Ah isso que é beleza, com isso que você precisa se parecer.’.”
Authors: Lopes da Silva José Rodolfo
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca problematizar as formas que sujeitos homossexuais vêm aprendendo, em meio a discursos, negociações, disputas e resistências, a (re)construir suas subjetividades, desejos e se organizar enquanto sujeitos em uma sociedade em que a heterossexualidade é ensinada como a norma. Através da análise de um episódio da série virtual What The Flip, em que dois usuários do Grindr discutem sobre suas experiências no aplicativo de encontros amorosos/sexuais, convido a reflexão de como diferentes processos sócio-histórico-culturais vêm administrando e produzindo a sexualidade desses indivíduos. A cultura vem tomando dimensões em nossa sociedade e sendo considerada também como constitutiva das identidades, dos sujeitos e de suas subjetividades. Produções que tragam discursos que abarquem diversidades e diferentes narrativas possibilitam que sejamos educados com outras histórias e ações sejam realizadas para que processos sejam pensados e (re)construídos no online e offline. Como abordagem teórica para a discussão trago contribuições das Ciências Sociais, Educação e de Michel Foucault.
Do mundo offline para o online: discursos em rede contra a inclusão de atletas transexuais
Authors: Iwamoto Thiago Camargo
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer sobre os discursos emitidos na Rede Social, especificamente da página “Quebrando o Tabu” sobre o processo de inclusão de mulheres transexuais nos esportes de alto rendimento. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de Análise de Conteúdo de uma publicação do dia 01 de fevereiro de 2018 da página em tela. Foi possível identificar que o espaço da cibercultura, especificamente as redes sociais, são constituídos por uma diversidade de atores sociais que emitem comentários sem fundamentação técnica, científica e específica, como é o caso da inclusão de mulheres transexuais nos esportes. Os comentários proferidos são alicerçados e limitados em perspectivas biologicistas, religiosas, culturais e pessoais, estigmatizando as pessoas transexuais e fortalecendo um discurso contrário à inclusão dessas. Ademais, há a necessidade de compreender os avanços da tecnologia e da comunicação mediada pelo computador configurando-se como um espaço plural, mas que não deveria reforçar padrões preconceituosos.
Turkey’s Food Image, Travelers’ Revisit Intention and Tourist Expenditures
Authors: EREN Ramazan
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to explore the food image of Turkey by measuring the perceptions of visitors' and its effect on revisiting intentions. Food image can be defined as beliefs, feelings, and impressions of travelers about food and beverages, food and beverage establishments, culinary culture, and food and beverage related activities of a destination. The questions of this research identify: if there is a relationship among food image, tourist satisfaction and revisiting intention, to what extent visitors’ intention to take part in gastronomy tourism activities, what is the average food and beverage expenditures of the visitors. Questionnaires were distributed to 407 foreign visitors traveling in Turkey. It has been determined that the perceived food image has three dimensions: culinary culture and food, gastronomy activities, and food and beverage establishments. Visitors are very pleased with the food and beverages, and restaurants in Turkey and interested in local gastronomy. The results show that the most remembered food and beverages by the visitors are Kebap, Rakı, Döner, Aubergine, and Baklava. It has been revealed that the food image of the destination affects the visitors' revisiting intention. During their stay in Turkey, the average expenditure of visitors on food and beverage is $ 575, which is 18.9% of their holiday budget. Gastronomy is an influential factor in the satisfaction of visitors, even if it is not a touristic attraction alone. Visitors tend to participate in gastronomy-related activities during their travels.
An Investigation on the Basic Contents of the Main Dishes of the Turkish Cuisine
Authors: Çakmak Muzaffer , Sarıışık Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Nutrition has been the most basic requirement since the creation of mankind. People have met this basic requirement with different ways and methods in the course of their lives. The main dishes are known as the most important element in their meals. Main meals consumed especially at lunch and dinner are thought to be a reflection of the national cuisine. Therefore, analyzing the dishes in meals will also reveal the eating habits in the Turkish culture in a way. The data inside 767 main dishes of the Turkish cuisine were collected and the TF-IDF (Term frequency-inverse document frequency) analysis was conducted via the QDA-MINER software. Depending on analysing both of Turkish habits and of most popular raw materials in the cuisine can be uncovered. The average number of products in the main dishes of the Turkish cuisine, distribution of these products into nutrient groups and importance levels of the used products were shown. As a result; beef, butter, garlic, tomatoes, lemons, parsley, oil, eggs, potatoes and green peppers were found to have high percentage of use.
The Tourist Typology in Cultural Tourism in Turkey: Flâneur and Choraster
Authors: Yılmaz Lale
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In this study, the existence and validity of the flâneurconcept in terms of cultural tourism is discussed. In addition to this concept, chorasteris the second concept to be considered in terms of the inclusion of increased tourist perception. W. Benjamin speaks of flâneurin his writings which are put together under the name of the Passages. The Flâneuris a ‘modern urban traveler’ with a brief description and it is defined as “thinker-traveler”. He/She has a routine and endless exploration of the streets and passages with the start of the modernize in Paris in the 19th century. The discovery of Flâneuris repeated every day, rediscovering the urban fabric and structures. The definition of tourist can be associated with the concept of flâneur. The tourist comes up with two content; the person who tries to know this city where he is a foreigner for a while and the second one is trying to get to know the city with his / her foreigner routes even though he lives. The concept of chorasterdefines the person who experiences the experience of tourism with the time and space dimension by establishing interest in the place. The origin of the word chorasteris deriving from chora, in Greek and it means rural place and/or outdoor. In the tourism area, the tourist described as chorasterindicates his/her the interest and activity about destination during the visit.

Cultural tourism has been a part of mass tourism in recent years. As well as in the world in Turkey, selective groups of tourists interested in the distinctly cultural tourism in terms of the conceptual area. The main aim of this study is intended to demonstrate the determination of the existence and development of the two concepts in cultural tourism of Turkey.

Through this study, the concepts of flâneurand chorasterwill be defined in terms of tourist groups of the participator of the cultural tourism in İstanbul, Turkey. It would be a contribution to the cultural tourism literature in a new light of conceptual content.

Keywords:Cultural tourism. Tourist.Turkey. Flâneur. Choraster.
Food consumption of women during holidays: fit, healthy, or relaxed?
Authors: Çalişkan Caner , Sabbağ Çiğdem , Dedeoğlu Bekir Bora
Published: December 2020

During holidays, what, why, and how do women consume? Women’s attitudes and thoughts about food consumption should be researched in terms of their social roles. However, the important role of women in holiday planning process makes women's food consumption preferences and also behaviours an important data source especially for tourism managers. This study focused on the impact of holidays on women’s food consumption. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were carried out with 15 women participants, who spent two holiday periods during the previous year – summer and winter – in Adıyaman, Turkey. According to the results of the survey, women’s food consumption preferences and behaviours change during the summer and winter holiday periods.
Waitaki: Water of Tears, River of Mana
Authors: Te Maihāroa Kelli
Published: December 2020

This paper illuminates the significance of the braided mighty Waitaki River and how it sustains the people that shelter within her valley. This article begins acknowledging Rākaihautū as the first person to occupy and consecrate the land of Te Waipounamu, the South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. It is Rākaihautū that journeyed through this island as he carved out and named the great southern mountains and lakes, thus establishing ahi kā (occupation rights) of the Waitaha tribe. These ancient names anoint and link these sacred waterways and bountiful pools to the ancestral Pacific homelands of Te Patu Nui o Aio. The naming and formation of the land and cascading waterways that flow from her is further explored in a pūrākau (narrative) about the Māori atua (deity) of Tane and his brothers, which includes the positioning of his tallest brother Aoraki, whose tears symbolically represent the Waitaki River. The second half of this article then turns to focus on several Waitaha sociocultural and political events based around the Waitaki River and valley over the last one hundred and fifty years. One of the major founding political and cultural events within the Waitaki Valley includes the passive resistance march of Te Heke (1877-79), led by Te Maihāroa, in protest against settler land encroachment and Māori grievances against the Crown.
Art and Water Collaboration: Interview
Authors: Basquin Anne Marie , Peebles Bryce
Published: December 2020

In this interview Bryce and Anne share their fascination with the deep sea and our interest in the changing oceans. They took part in the Art+Water art and science project in 2019.