bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance assessment of ontology matching systems for FAIR data
Authors: van Damme Philip , Fernández-Breis Jesualdo Tomás , Benis Nirupama , Miñarro-Gimenez Jose Antonio , de Keizer Nicolette F. , Cornet Ronald
Published: July 2022

Background

Ontology matching should contribute to the interoperability aspect of FAIR data (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). Multiple data sources can use different ontologies for annotating their data and, thus, creating the need for dynamic ontology matching services. In this experimental study, we assessed the performance of ontology matching systems in the context of a real-life application from the rare disease domain. Additionally, we present a method for analyzing top-level classes to improve precision.

Results

We included three ontologies (NCIt, SNOMED CT, ORDO) and three matching systems (AgreementMakerLight 2.0, FCA-Map, LogMap 2.0). We evaluated the performance of the matching systems against reference alignments from BioPortal and the Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus (UMLS). Then, we analyzed the top-level ancestors of matched classes, to detect incorrect mappings without consulting a reference alignment. To detect such incorrect mappings, we manually matched semantically equivalent top-level classes of ontology pairs. AgreementMakerLight 2.0, FCA-Map, and LogMap 2.0 had F1-scores of 0.55, 0.46, 0.55 for BioPortal and 0.66, 0.53, 0.58 for the UMLS respectively. Using vote-based consensus alignments increased performance across the board. Evaluation with manually created top-level hierarchy mappings revealed that on average 90% of the mappings’ classes belonged to top-level classes that matched.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the included ontology matching systems automatically produced mappings that were modestly accurate according to our evaluation. The hierarchical analysis of mappings seems promising when no reference alignments are available. All in all, the systems show potential to be implemented as part of an ontology matching service for querying FAIR data. Future research should focus on developing methods for the evaluation of mappings used in such mapping services, leading to their implementation in a FAIR data ecosystem.
Mittag–Leffler stability, control, and synchronization for chaotic generalized fractional-order systems
Authors: Abed-Elhameed Tarek M. , Aboelenen Tarek
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we investigate the generalized fractional system (GFS) with order lying in $(1, 2)$
(
1
,
2
)
. We present stability analysis of GFS by two methods. First, the stability analysis of that system using the Gronwall–Bellman (G–B) Lemma, the Mittag–Leffler (M–L) function, and the Laplace transform is introduced. Secondly, by the Lyapunov direct method, we study the M–L stability of our system with order lying in $(1, 2)$
(
1
,
2
)
. Using the modified predictor–corrector method, the solutions of GFSs are calculated and they are more complicated than the classical fractional one. Based on linear feedback control, we investigate a theorem to control the chaotic GFSs with order lying in $(1, 2)$
(
1
,
2
)
. We present an example to verify the validity of control theorem. We state and prove a theorem to calculate the analytical formula of controllers that are used to achieve synchronization between two different chaotic GFSs. An example to study the synchronization for systems with orders lying in $(1, 2)$
(
1
,
2
)
is given. We found an agreement between analytical results and numerical simulations.
Cumulative barriers to retention in methadone treatment among adults from rural and small urban communities
Authors: Pasman Emily , Kollin Rachel , Broman Michael , Lee Guijin , Agius Elizabeth , Lister Jamey J. , Brown Suzanne , Resko Stella M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Though methadone has been shown to effectively treat opioid use disorder, many barriers prevent individuals from accessing and maintaining treatment. Barriers are prevalent in less populated areas where treatment options are limited. This study examines barriers to retention in methadone treatment in a small Midwest community and identifies factors associated with greater endorsement of barriers.

Methods

Patients at an opioid treatment program (N = 267) were recruited to complete a computer-based survey onsite. Surveys assessed demographics, opioid misuse, depression and anxiety symptoms, trauma history and symptoms, social support, and barriers to retention in treatment (e.g., childcare, work, housing, transportation, legal obligations, cost, health). Descriptive statistics were used to examine individual barriers and multiple regression was calculated to identify demographic and psychosocial factors associated with greater cumulative barriers.

Results

Most participants reported at least one barrier to retention in treatment and more than half reported multiple barriers. Travel hardships and work conflicts were the most highly endorsed barriers. Past year return to use (B = 2.31, p = 0.004) and more severe mental health symptomology (B = 0.20, p = 0.038) were associated with greater cumulative barriers. Greater levels of social support were associated with fewer barriers (B = − 0.23, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study adds to the limited research on barriers to retention in methadone treatment among patients in rural and small urban communities. Findings suggest flexible regulations for dispensing methadone, co-location or care coordination, and family or peer support programs may further reduce opioid use and related harms in small communities. Individuals with past year return to use reported a greater number of barriers, highlighting the time following return to use as critical for wraparound services and support. Those with co-occurring mental health issues may be vulnerable to poor treatment outcomes, as evidenced by greater endorsement of barriers. As social support emerged as a protective factor, efforts to strengthen informal support networks should be explored as adjunctive services to methadone treatment.
Chicken jejunal microbiota improves growth performance by mitigating intestinal inflammation
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Akhtar Muhammad , Chen Yan , Ma Ziyu , Liang Yuyun , Shi Deshi , Cheng Ranran , Cui Lei , Hu Yafang , Nafady Abdallah A. , Ansari Abdur Rahman , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Liu Huazhen
Published: July 2022

Background

Intestinal inflammation is prevalent in chicken, which results in decreased growth performance and considerable economic losses. Accumulated findings established the close relationship between gut microbiota and chicken growth performance. However, whether gut microbiota impacts chicken growth performance by lessening intestinal inflammation remains elusive.

Results

Seven-weeks-old male and female chickens with the highest or lowest body weights were significantly different in breast and leg muscle indices and average cross-sectional area of muscle cells. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated Gram-positive bacteria, such as Lactobacilli, were the predominant species in high body weight chickens. Conversely, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Brucella, Escherichia-Shigella, Thermus, Undibacterium, and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium were significantly abundant in low body weight chickens. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level was significantly higher in low body weight chickens (101.58 ± 5.78 ng/mL) compared with high body weight chickens (85.12 ± 4.79 ng/mL). The expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and related inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum was significantly upregulated in low body weight chickens, which led to the damage of gut barrier integrity. Furthermore, transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with high body weight into 1-day-old chicks reshaped the jejunal microbiota, mitigated inflammatory response, and improved chicken growth performance.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that jejunal microbiota could affect chicken growth performance by mitigating intestinal inflammation.
Experiences of mimicry in eating disorders
Authors: Erwin Savannah R. , Liu Peggy J. , Datta Nandini , Nicholas Julia , Rivera-Cancel Alannah , Leary Mark , Chartrand Tanya L. , Zucker Nancy L.
Published: July 2022

Background

People unknowingly mimic the behaviors of others, a process that results in feelings of affiliation. However, some individuals with eating disorders describe feeling “triggered” when mimicked. This study explores the effects of implicit non-verbal mimicry on individuals with a history of an eating disorder (ED-His) compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Method

Women (N = 118, nED-His = 31; Mage = 21 years) participated in a laboratory task with a confederate trained to either discreetly mimic (Mimicry condition) or not mimic (No-Mimicry condition) the mannerisms of the participant. Participants rated the likability of the confederate and the smoothness of the interaction.

Results

Participants in the No-Mimicry condition rated the confederate as significantly more likable than in the Mimicry condition, and ED-His rated the confederate as more likable than HCs. ED-His in the Mimicry condition rated the interaction as less smooth than HCs, whereas this pattern was not found in the No-Mimicry condition. Among ED-His, longer disorder duration (≥ 3.87 years) was associated with less liking of a confederate who mimicked and more liking of a confederate who did not mimic.

Conclusions

We discuss the implications of these findings for interpersonal therapeutic processes and group treatment settings for eating disorders.

Plain English summary

Our study on subtle, nonverbal mimicry revealed differences in social behavior for women with a history of an eating disorder compared to healthy women. For participants with an eating disorder history, a longer duration of illness was associated with a worse pattern of affiliation, reflected in lower liking of a mimicker. Further research on how diverging processes of affiliation may function to perpetuate the chronicity of eating disorders and implications for treatment is needed.
Poor sleep quality and associated factors among pregnant women on antenatal care follow up at Nekemte Referral Hospital and Wollega University Hospital, Nekemte, Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tasisa Jaleta Teressa , Bisetegn Telake Azale , Hussen Halima Umer , Abate Moges Ayalew , Tadesse Mulugeta Gobena
Published: July 2022

Sleep disturbances are common in women, especially during pregnancy. This can result in emotional and psychological consequences for pregnant women, and it could lead to some serious complications for both mothers and their babies. However, it is not well recognized and has not been studied in developing countries, including Ethiopia.

Objective

To assess the quality of sleep and associated factors among pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up at Nekemte Referral Hospital and Wollega University Hospital, Nekemte, Ethiopia 2019.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2019 at Nekemte Referral Hospital and Wollega University Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get 408 samples. Sleep quality was assessed using structured questionnaires of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index tool. Then, the collected data was coded and entered into Epi-Data 3.1 version and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A logistic regression analysis was computed to determine the association between independent variables and sleep quality. Statistically significant was considered at P-value < 0.05.

Results

With 96.4% response rate, the magnitude of poor sleep quality was found to be 59.1% [95% CI: (54.2, 64)]. Poor sleep quality was high among participants with unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 4.25,95%CI:(1.47,12.23)],poor sleep hygiene[AOR = 2.93,95%CI:(1.41,6.09)],depressed women[AOR = 5.73,95%CI:(2.49,13.21)], anxiety disorder[AOR = 6.62,95%CI:(2.61,16.82)] and third trimester participants [AOR = 5.84,95% CI:(2.49,13.21)].

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that poor sleep quality among pregnant women is high. Factors like depression, anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, first time pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, and late gestational age were found to be associated with poor sleep quality. This underlines health care planners’ needs to incorporate screening for poor sleep quality into routine ANC services.
Efficiency of common filters for water treatment in Tanzania
Authors: Komba Faraja Evod , Fabian Christina , Elimbinzi Elianaso , Shao Godlisten N.
Published: July 2022

Background

Approximately 69% of population in Tanzania lacks better sanitation, while 45.6% lacks access to clean and safe water. To leverage this shortage, several technologies have been used for purifying water from various sources; however, there is still persistence of waterborne diseases.

Main body

This article reviewed the efficiency of common water filters in removing water contaminants such as Escherichia coli, fluoride, TSS, turbidity, nitrate, virus, BOD, COD, fecal coliform and color. Common water filters available in Tanzania markets include slow sand filter, ceramic filter, bone char, membrane purifier and bio sand filter. The effectiveness of each technology was evaluated in terms of its ability to remove water contaminants. Ceramic filter was found to be less expensive technology compared to the rest. Ineffectiveness of common water filters can be linked to persistence of waterborne diseases in Tanzania.

Conclusion

Ability of water filters in viral removal is of greater concern. This study suggests a ceramic filter as the best filter among all common filters available in Tanzania. Ceramic filters can be synthesized by locally available materials such as clay, saw dust, rice husk ashes and flour which make it efficient in removing all water contaminants, especially viruses.
Hydration behavior of an experimental tricalcium silicate/tetracalcium phosphate bio-cement in Streptococcus thermophiles bacterial solution in comparison with distilled water used as a root canal furcation perforation repair material
Authors: Radwan M. M. , Khallaf M. E.
Published: July 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to evaluate an experimental tricalcium silicate phase (C3S) and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) material to be used as a root canal furcation perforation repair. C3S and TTCP phases were synthesized in nano-size particles by firing the required molar ratios of chemically pure reactants by solid-state reactions at elevated temperatures. The influence of Streptococcus thermophilus bacterial medium on the hydration reaction characteristics and morphology of 1:1 composite material of C3S and TTCP in comparison with distilled water was studied. Setting time, micro-hardness, pH of immersion solution, calcium ion concentration, phosphorous ion concentration, XRD, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and cytotoxicity of the synthesized composite were investigated, and also, its sealing ability in bacterial media and in distilled water was evaluated.

Results

The results showed that curing of pastes in the bacterial medium did not inhibit the hydration process of the synthesized composite but surface softening due to the great acceleration and encapsulation effects of the highly ionized curing medium resulting in lower micro-hardness values. The dissolution of TTCP phase was also increased in the bacterial medium resulting in precipitation of more hydroxyapatite inside the more porous system of pastes cured in the bacterial solution which was also evident by a non-significant decrease in the sealing ability in bacterial medium.

Conclusions

Mixing of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) resulted in a mix that was stable in bacterial medium and could be used for root canal perforation repair.
Computational drug design of novel COVID-19 inhibitor
Authors: Arthur David Ebuka , Elegbe Benjamin Osebi , Aroh Augustina Oyibo , Soliman Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

Background

In 2003, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was recorded. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused a major outbreak of human fatal pneumonia. Currently, there is no specific drug or treatment for diseases caused by SARS CoV 2. Computational approach that adopts dynamic models is widely accepted as indispensable tool in drug design but yet to be exploited in covid-19 in Zaria, Nigeria. In this study, steps were taken to advance on the successful achievements in the field of covid-19 drug, with the aid of in silico drug design technique, to create novel inhibitor drug candidates with better activity. In this study, one thousand human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1) antiviral chemical compounds from www.bindingBD.org were docked on the SARS CoV 2 main protease protein data bank identification number 6XBH (PDB ID: 6XBH) and the molecular docking score were ranked in order to identify the compounds with the highest inhibitory effects, and easy selection for future studies.

Results

The docking studies showed some interesting results. Inhibitors with Index numbers 331, 741, and 819 had the highest binding affinity. Similarly, inhibitors with Index number 441, 847, and 46 had the lowest hydrogen bond energy. Inhibitor with index number 331 was reported with the lowest value (− 48.38kCal/mol). Five new compounds were designed from the selected six (6) compounds with the best binding score giving a total of thirty (30) novel compounds. The low binding energy of inhibitor with index no. 847b is unique, as most of the interaction energies are of H-bond type with amino acids (Thr26, Gly143, Ser144, Cys145, Glu166, Gln189, Hie164, Met49, Thr26, Thr25, Thr190, Asn142, Met165) resulting in an overall negative value (−16.31 kCal/mol) making it the best of all the newly designed inhibitors.

Conclusions

The novel inhibitor is 2-(2-(5-amino-2-((((3-aminobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-5-oxopentanamido)-4-(2-(tert-butyl)-4-oxo-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) butanamido)-3-hydroxybutyl) benzoic acid. The improvement it has over the parent inhibitor is from the primary amine group attached to meta position of first benzene ring and the carboxyl group attached to the ortho position of the second benzene ring. The molecular dynamics studies also show that the novel inhibitor remains stable after the study. This result makes it a better drug candidate against SARS CoV 2 main protease when compared with the co-crystallized inhibitor or any of the 1000 docked inhibitors.
Cardiogenic shock and tumor resection due to cardiac synovial sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Keeling Ingeborg M. , Aschauer Manuela A. , Yates Ameli E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Cardiac synovial sarcoma of the heart is a rare, aggressive mesenchymal tumor with poor prognosis, since complete resection is seldom feasible.

Case presentation

A 23-year-old man was referred in cardiogenic shock. Emergency computed tomography (CT) revealed a large tumor with obstruction of the right atrium (RA) and prolapse into the right ventricle (RV). Resection and pericardial patch plasty were performed. Histology confirmed a G-3 spindle-cell sarcoma. At 21 months postoperatively, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) angiography showed a tumor emerging from the lateral wall of the superior caval vein (SCV) and the RA. The RA and SCV were completely resected and replaced with a tailored Dacron tunnel prosthesis. Histology confirmed R0 resection of a G-3 spindle-cell sarcoma. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed a monophasic fibrous synovial sarcoma. Echocardiography upon discharge showed normal biventricular function. The heart was tumor-free upon PET-CT 24 months thereafter. A sudden progression with innumerable pulmonary nodules caused only minimal exertional dyspnea, and the patient received palliative monochemotherapy with ifosfamide. Thirty months after the first operation, he succumbed to hemorrhage from a brain metastasis.

Conclusions

We report an unusually long postoperative period of 30 months in our patient after resection of a very large right atrial sarcoma. Early diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment, adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy affect survival. Systematic inclusion of patients in multicenter initiatives, including biobanking, is necessary. Better knowledge of genetic defects relevant to these cardiac tumors will promote accurate diagnoses and suggest novel and personalized gene-based therapies.
Unilateral primary breast edema: Can T2-weighted images meet the diagnostic challenge?
Authors: Fakhry Sherihan , Kamal Rasha Mohamed , Tohamey Yasmin Mounir , Kamal Eman Faker
Published: July 2022

Background

Unilateral primary breast edema may pose a diagnostic challenge. Excluding malignant etiologies is of utmost importance and may require the use of dynamic MRI examination as a problem solver. Yet, the enhancement pattern of benign and malignant disorders associated with edematous breasts may overlap, and this may add to the dilemma. So, our aim in the current study was to assess the role of T2-weighted MR imaging as a problem-solving sequence in differentiating benign from malignant causes of the edematous breast.

Results

In the current prospective study, 65/96 cases were benign and 31/96 cases were malignant. By the individual analysis of the signal intensity in T2-weighted imaging of MRI examination, there was a significant correlation between low T2 signal intensity lesion and malignant etiology of breast edema with a resultant higher sensitivity of 83.87% and a higher specificity of 98.46% as compared to the contrast-enhanced series, which achieved a sensitivity of 80.65% and a specificity of 20.00%. The combined assessment of T2 WI and the contrast-enhanced series yielded a higher sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.46%.

Conclusions

T2WI is a problem-solving sequence in the evaluation of the primary edematous breast, yielding a significant added value in the diagnostic approach and improving the overall diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
Iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome after insertion of a central venous catheter: recommendations for clinical practice
Authors: Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Zameer Sheharyar , Ijaz Umar , Zahid Muhammad Abdullah , Zameer Noor Ul Ain
Published: July 2022

Background

Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. It comprises a triad of unilateral ptosis, ipsilateral meiosis with a normally reactive pupil, and ipsilateral facial anhidrosis of variable spread.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old female who underwent CVC insertion developed ptosis, reverse ptosis, meiosis, dilational lag, and enophthalmos after her procedure. The patient was diagnosed with a case of Horner’s syndrome attributed to occulosympathetic damage due to CVC in the catheter, after exclusion of all other sources. The patient was counseled regarding the etiology of the disease and advised monthly follow-up.

Conclusions

Horner’s syndrome is an uncommon complication that can easily be prevented by corrections in technique and experience. The study emphasizes the establishment of diagnostic and preventive principles for HS.
A rare case of oral cavity lipoma in the inferior vestibule: a case report and literature review
Authors: Benhoummad O. , Cherrabi K. , El Orfi N. , Berrichou S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Lipomas are ubiquitous tumors. They are mostly present in the trunk as well as the proximal portion of the limbs. However, 15–20% are located in the head and neck regions, and only 4.4% are found in the oral cavity. They normally present as a bulge with signs of compression, without signs of infiltration.

Case presentation

This is the rare case of a 36-year-old man, who was admitted to ENT consultation for a bulge in the left inferior vestibule of the oral cavity. The bulging was not painful, with no inflammatory signs, no dental mobility, or abnormalities in the vestibular mucosa. No other masses were found in the general clinical exam. The patient underwent a dental panoramic X-ray, which showed a low opacity lesion next to the left inferior vestibular space, without signs of bone invasion. There was no hypoesthesia in the territory of the alveolar nerve was found. The patient underwent a craniofacial MRI which showed a mass which was hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2. Fine needle aspiration was not performed. The patient’s pre-operative blood work showed no abnormalities. He underwent surgical excision under general anesthesia. The incision was carried out in the left inferior vestibular space, 1 cm away from the alveolar gingiva; careful dissection of the mucosa allowed the discovery of a large fatty mass, encapsulated, with a nourishing pedicle, without signs of invasion or ulceration in the adjacent structures. Careful dissection and hemostasis were performed, followed with the closure of the mucosa with Vicryl 4.0. The histopathological exam showed mature adipose tissue. The fat contains few small capillaries within thin fibrous strands. A thin fibrous capsule was seen. Clinical follow-up of 2 months showed no complications. The surgical incision healed perfectly, and no bulging was noticed upon palpation.

Conclusions

This is the rare case of a vestibular lipoma of the oral cavity; the clinical and radiological aspect allowed consideration of several differential diagnoses. The most important take away lesson is related to the very rich variety of differential diagnosis in oral cavity masses. Clinical and radiological aspects allow the clinician to have diagnostic theories. Only histological results allow to establish a definitive diagnosis.
The effects of changes in stimulus properties on acoustic stapedius reflex response: a systematic review
Authors: Basoz Meliha , Oktay Esranur , Kuru Elif , Bal Nilüfer , Gedik Ozge
Published: July 2022

Background

The acoustic stapedius reflex is formed by the contraction of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear cavity when a loud sound is given to both ears. Changes in properties such as the intensity, frequency, duration, and speed of stimulus affect reflex responses.

Methods

As a result of the literature review conducted between 2005 and 2020, 2846 articles were reviewed and 30 articles evaluating the effects of stimulus changes on acoustic reflex responses were included in the study.

Main text

In the studies reviewed, it was observed that lower threshold values were obtained by using noise as a stimulus instead of pure sound. Different results were found regarding the duration and frequency of the stimulus. It has been reported that stimulus frequency does not have a significant effect on acoustic reflex delays and the acoustic stapedius reflex threshold increases in the presence of opposite side noise.

Conclusion

As a result of the studies reviewed, it was seen that the changes in many properties of the stimulus that activate the middle ear muscles affected the reflex response.
Endoscopic treatment of anterior laryngeal web using keel designed from ePTFE followed by voice therapy: a refined technique
Authors: Ahmed Megahed Mohamed Hassan , El-Adawy Ahlam Abdel-Salam Nabieh
Published: July 2022

Background

Treatment of laryngeal web is challenging due to possibility of recurrence and affected voice quality. Optimal treatment of laryngeal web should emphasize on improving both airway and vocal function. We refined the traditional endoscopic method using a new keel designed from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. Our objective is to evaluate the voice outcomes following the endoscopic treatment and voice therapy.

Results

Ten subjects presented with anterior laryngeal web. Auditory perceptual assessment, stroboscopic examination and acoustic studies were performed pre- and postoperatively. Endoscopic excision of laryngeal web was performed with cold instruments. An individually designed ePTFE keel was fixed by Nylon thread 2–0 at the anterior commissure and tied subcutaneously in the neck. The keel left for 3–5 weeks followed by voice therapy using abdomino-diaphragmatic breathing exercise and relaxation method. Vocal parameters measured were perceptual voice quality using Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain voice scale (GRBAS), stroboscopic score, fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, pitch perturbation question (PPQ), amplitude perturbation question (APQ) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). Significant decrease in GRBAS (P< 0.001) and significant increase in stroboscopic scores (P< 0.001) were noticed after operation and voice therapy. Also, acoustic voice parameters showed significant improvements. The mean jitter, shimmer, PPQ and APQ showed significant decrease (p= 0.0028, 0.0032, 0.0026, 0.0014, and 0.006 respectively). Overall, 90 % of our subjects have satisfactory voice outcome.

Conclusion

Endoscopic excision of anterior laryngeal with cold instrument followed by ePTFE keel fixation achieved good long-term voice results. The ePTFE is soft biocompatible material which does not make reaction. The keel should be left in place for sufficient period of time (3–5 weeks). This ensures perfect healing with less or no recurrence. Absence of foreign body reactions in the vocal folds is important for mucosal integrity and good voice outcome. So, the ePTFE could be good alternative for laryngeal keel. Hyperfunctional dysphonia with ventricular hypertrophy may develop in longstanding anterior laryngeal web which needs intensive voice therapy after operation. Our treatment targeted both the organic etiology of dysphonia and the underlying cause of the possible associated functional element of dysphonia.
Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus strains from various region of China
Authors: Cao Longlong , Li Qiuyan , Shi Kaituo , Wei Liting , Ouyang Hehao , Ye Zijun , Du Wenguang , Ye Jiawen , Hui Xiaochen , Li Jiakang , Cao Shengbo , Zhou Dengyuan
Published: July 2022

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important feline pathogen mainly causing upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis, and stomatitis, and it is classified into genotype I and genotype II. To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FCV, this study collected 337 cat swab samples from animal hospitals in different regions of China from 2019 to 2021. The positive detection rate of FCV was 29.9% (101/337) by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that FCV prevalence was significantly associated with living environment (p = 0.0004), age (p = 0.031) and clinical symptoms (p = 0.00), but not with sex (p = 0.092) and breed (p = 0.171). The 26 strains of FCV were isolated using F81 cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 10 isolates belonged to genotype I, and 16 isolates belonged to genotype II. These 26 isolates were highly genetically diverse, of which HB7 isolate had three same virulence-related amino acid loci with VSD strains. Potential loci distinguishing different genotypes were identified from 26 isolates, suggesting the genetic relationship between different genotypes. In addition, selection pressure analysis based on capsid protein of 26 isolates revealed that the protein is under diversifying selection. This study reveals the genetic diversity of FCV and provides a reference for the screening of vaccine candidate strains and the development of vaccines with better cross-protection effects.
Esophagogastric Cancers: Integrating Immunotherapy Therapy Into Current Practice
Authors: Patel Monica A. , Kratz Jeremy D. , Lubner Sam J. , Loconte Noelle K. , Uboha Nataliya V.
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy (IO) agents have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes across many tumor types. There have been great efforts to introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors into the treatment paradigm of esophagogastric cancers as well. A number of randomized phase III trials, which will be reviewed here, established the role of these agents in both early-stage and advanced-stage disease. Adjuvant nivolumab is US Food and Drug Administration–approved after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and resection of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers on the basis of the phase III CheckMate 577 trial. In the advanced setting, patients with programmed death receptor ligand-1–positive tumors should be recommended IO in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting on the basis of the results from KEYNOTE 590, CheckMate 649, and CheckMate 648. Across trials, chemotherapy continues to play a critical role in the first-line setting and should be offered to all patients who are eligible for systemic therapy, including those with biomarker select tumors. In the later lines of treatment, IO has modest activity, and prior studies have grown largely irrelevant because of the enrollment of IO-naive patients. Similar to other disease types, patients with microsatellite unstable (microsatellite instability high) tumors represent a unique cohort that is more sensitive to IO. However, there are no randomized studies evaluating how best to apply IO in early or advanced stages specifically for the treatment of patients with microsatellite instability high upper GI tumors. Questions remain how to best select patients who benefit from IO treatments, how to augment IO activity in programmed death receptor ligand-1–negative tumors, and how to incorporate IO in late-line settings or for recurrent disease that has been treated with IO-containing regimens during early stages.
Gene Expression Signatures for the Accurate Diagnosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Entities in the Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Amador Catalina , Bouska Alyssa , Wright George , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Feldman Andrew L. , Greiner Timothy C. , Lone Waseem , Heavican Tayla , Smith Lynette , Pileri Stefano , Tabanelli Valentina , Ott German , Rosenwald Andreas , Savage Kerry J. , Slack Graham , Kim Won Seog , Hyeh Young , Li Yuping , Dong Gehong , Song Joo , Ondrejka Sarah , Cook James R. , Barrionuevo Carlos , Lim Soon Thye , Ong Choon Kiat , Chapman Jennifer , Inghirami Giorgio , Raess Philipp W. , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Gould Clare , Blombery Piers , Jaffe Elaine , Morris Stephan W. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Vose Julie M. , Staudt Louis , Chan Wing C. , Iqbal Javeed
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) includes heterogeneous clinicopathologic entities with numerous diagnostic and treatment challenges. We previously defined robust transcriptomic signatures that distinguish common PTCL entities and identified two novel biologic and prognostic PTCL-not otherwise specified subtypes (PTCL-TBX21 and PTCL-GATA3). We aimed to consolidate a gene expression–based subclassification using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to improve the accuracy and precision in PTCL diagnosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We assembled a well-characterized PTCL training cohort (n = 105) with gene expression profiling data to derive a diagnostic signature using fresh-frozen tissue on the HG-U133plus2.0 platform (Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, CA) subsequently validated using matched FFPE tissues in a digital gene expression profiling platform (nCounter, NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, WA). Statistical filtering approaches were applied to refine the transcriptomic signatures and then validated in another PTCL cohort (n = 140) with rigorous pathology review and ancillary assays.

RESULTS

In the training cohort, the refined transcriptomic classifier in FFPE tissues showed high sensitivity (> 80%), specificity (> 95%), and accuracy (> 94%) for PTCL subclassification compared with the fresh-frozen–derived diagnostic model and showed high reproducibility between three independent laboratories. In the validation cohort, the transcriptional classifier matched the pathology diagnosis rendered by three expert hematopathologists in 85% (n = 119) of the cases, showed borderline association with the molecular signatures in 6% (n = 8), and disagreed in 8% (n = 11). The classifier improved the pathology diagnosis in two cases, validated by clinical findings. Of the 11 cases with disagreements, four had a molecular classification that may provide an improvement over pathology diagnosis on the basis of overall transcriptomic and morphological features. The molecular subclassification provided a comprehensive molecular characterization of PTCL subtypes, including viral etiologic factors and translocation partners.

CONCLUSION

We developed a novel transcriptomic approach for PTCL subclassification that facilitates translation into clinical practice with higher precision and uniformity than conventional pathology diagnosis.
Pro-Con Debate: Should Code Sharing Be Mandatory for Publication?
Authors: Melvin Ryan L. , Barker Steven J. , Kiani Joe , Berkowitz Dan E.
Published: July 2022

In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss whether or not code sharing should be mandatory for scientific publications. Scientific programming is an increasingly prevalent tool in research. However, there are not unified guidelines for code availability requirements. Some journals require code sharing. Others require code descriptions. Yet others have no policies around code sharing. The Pro side presented here argues that code sharing should be mandatory for all scientific publications involving code. This Pro argument comes in 2 parts. First, any defensible reason for not sharing code is an equally valid a reason for the manuscript itself not being published. Second, lack of code sharing requirements creates 2 tiers of science: one where reproducibility is required and one where it is not. Additionally, the Pro authors suggest that a debate over code sharing is itself a decade out-of-date due to the emerging availability of containerization and virtual environment sharing software. The Pro argument concludes with an appeal that authors release code to make their work more understandable by other researchers. The Con side presented here argues that computer source codes of medical technology equipment should not be subject to mandatory public disclosure. The source code is a crucial part of what makes a particular device unique and allows that device to outperform its competition. The Con authors believe that public disclosure of this proprietary information would destroy all incentives for businesses to develop new and improved technologies. Competition in the free marketplace is what drives companies to constantly improve their products, to develop new and better medical devices. The open disclosure of these “trade secret” details would effectively end that competitive drive. Why invest time, money, and energy developing a “better mousetrap” if your competitors can copy it and produce it the next day?
A Century of Progress and Collaboration Between Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Anesthesia & Analgesia, and the International Anesthesia Research Society
Authors: Toledo Paloma , Wong Cynthia A.
Published: July 2022

The past century has seen significant advances in the practice of obstetric anesthesiology. This article will review the role of Anesthesia & Analgesia and the International Anesthesia Research Society in contributing to fundamental paradigm shifts in our understanding of obstetric anesthesiology.
Outlying End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide During General Anesthesia Is Associated With Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study From US Hospitals Between 2010 and 2017
Authors: Akkermans Annemarie , van Waes Judith A. , Kheterpal Sachin , Pasma Wietze , Saager Leif , Thompson Aleda , van Klei Wilton A.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur in up to 33% of patients who undergo noncardiothoracic surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that permissive hypercapnia may reduce the risk of lung injury. We hypothesized that higher intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide (Etco
2) concentrations would be associated with a decreased risk of PPCs.

METHODS:

This retrospective, observational, multicenter study included patients undergoing general anesthesia for noncardiothoracic procedures (January 2010–December 2017). The primary outcome was PPC within 30 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes were PPC within 1 week, postoperative length of stay, and inhospital 30-day mortality. The association between these outcomes, median Etco
2, and 4 time-weighted average area-under-the-curve (TWA-AUC) thresholds (<28, <35, <45, and >45 mm Hg) was explored using a multivariable mixed-effect model and by plotting associated risks.

RESULTS:

Among 143,769 cases across 11 hospitals, 10,276 (7.1%) experienced a PPC. When compared to a baseline median Etco
2 of 35 to 40 mm Hg, a median Etco
2 >40 mm Hg was associated with an increase in PPCs within 30 days (median Etco
2, 40–45 mm Hg; adjusted OR, 1.16 [99% confidence interval {CI}, 1.00–1.33]; P value = .008 and median Etco
2, >45 mm Hg; OR, 1.64 [99% CI, 1.33–2.02]; P value < .001). The occurrence of any Etco
2 value <28 mm Hg (ie, a positive TWA-AUC < 28 mm Hg) was associated with PPCs (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.33–1.49]; P value < .001), mortality, and length of stay. Any Etco
2 value >45 mm Hg (ie, a positive TWA-AUC >45 mm Hg) was also associated with PPCs (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.17–1.31]; P < .001). The Etco
2 range with the lowest incidence of PPCs was 35 to 38 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both a very low (<28 mm Hg) and a high Etco
2 (>45 mm Hg) were associated with PPCs within 30 days. The lowest PPC incidence was found in patients with an Etco
2 of 35 to 38 mm Hg. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between postoperative PPCs and intraoperative Etco
2.
Women of the First Anesthesia Journal
Authors: Calmes Selma Harrison
Published: July 2022

This special article briefly discusses the role of women as the new journal Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia (now Anesthesia & Analgesia [A&A]) began in 1922. It was a time of a few women physicians, and they were usually isolated from the world of mainstream medicine and its predominantly male practitioners The journal’s founders, Frank McMechan and his wife Laurette of Cincinnati, were committed to developing an organization for everyone, and women physicians were welcomed early on. Three women physicians even served as the presidents of various anesthesia organizations early in the formation of the present national organization. This acceptance of women was to change as medical education and practice evolved to embrace scientific medicine, after the Flexner Report of 1910 documented the deficiencies of American medicine. Mrs McMechan made the most important contributions by a woman because she cared totally for Dr McMechan, after he experienced disabling and very severe arthritis. He became dependent on his wife for most activities, including the simple act of eating. He could not function without her; she kept him going physically for another 27 years after the onset of his very debilitating illness. After her husband’s death in 1939, Mrs McMechan served an executive function, keeping the organization going and maintaining production of the journal. This article also briefly discusses the life of the first woman physician to publish an article in A&A, Frances Edith Haines, MD, of Chicago. Haines published several articles in the journal; the first was in 1922, in the second journal issue. She was the president of the Mid-Western Association of Anesthetists, an affiliated organization, in 1926. She also served in World War I as a contract physician anesthetist for the US Army; she was the first woman contract surgeon to go overseas, to Limoges, France. Her adventure-filled and bold life changed as she aged and developed financial problems. She tried, but failed, to get financial help from the government and the military for her war service, and she died in 1966. These women are examples of women physicians involved with the journal, as it began in 1922. As the number of women physicians has increased recently, some past problems, such as difficulty with getting admitted to medical schools, for example, have improved. However, there are still many issues for women in medicine, including in our specialty.
Looking Ahead to the Frontier of Anesthesiology Education
Authors: Nathan Naveen
Published: July 2022

In this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, a series of articles focus on the elemental changes to anesthesia training and education. Kealey and Naik review the status of competency-based medical training, a method through which learners are deliberately observed for progression to mastery in clinical management. This is contrast to the assumption that trainees will presumably reach the same intended endpoint merely by spending a pre-specified amount of time in post-graduate residency training. The advantages and disadvantages of the competency-based approach are reviewed. Alam and Matava describe how education has also changed to incorporate digital technology by way of immersive simulation. They detail the use of virtual and augmented reality to offer trainees the opportunity to engage in clinical exercises that are infrequently encountered in real practice, increase the exposure to challenging scenarios and foster real-time collaborations on a global scale. An accompanying editorial offers further perspective on the future of training in our specialty. The reader is strongly encouraged to review the cited articles for an in-depth appreciation of the concepts discussed.
Socially Connected Neighborhoods and the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Newmyer Lauren , Evans Megan , Graif Corina
Published: July 2022

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States have been increasing at record levels and exhibit unequal spatial patterning across urban populations and neighborhoods. Research on the effects of residential and nearby neighborhoods on STI proliferation has largely ignored the role of socially connected contexts, even though neighborhoods are routinely linked by individuals' movements across space for work and other social activities. We showcase how commuting and public transit networks contribute to the social spillover of STIs in Chicago. Examining data on all employee–employer location links recorded yearly by the Census Bureau for more than a decade, we assess network spillover effects of local community STI rates on interconnected communities. Spatial and network autoregressive models show that exposure to STIs in geographically proximate and socially proximate communities contributes to increases in local STI levels, even net of socioeconomic and demographic factors and prior STIs. These findings suggest that geographically proximate and socially connected communities influence one another's infection rates through social spillover effects.
Gender Disparities in Increased Parenting Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research Note
Authors: Augustine Jennifer March , Prickett Kate
Published: July 2022

Public health measures aimed at curbing the transmission of COVID-19 increased parenting responsibilities during the early stages of the pandemic. This research note examines time-use data from the American Time Use Surveys to provide several fresh insights as to how mothers took on a disproportionate share of this responsibility compared to fathers during this period. First, the gender gap in total parenting time narrowed by 18%. Meanwhile, the gender disparity in time in educational activities increased by 113% and was not explained by changes in mothers’ labor force participation. Mothers also took on 20% more time in secondary caregiving compared to fathers. Estimates among working parents indicated that the amount of time in which mothers coupled paid work with caregiving increased by 346% compared to fathers. These results highlight how fathers marginally increased their caregiving responsibilities compared to mothers, but not in activities that parents tend to rate as more stressful or intensive, such as supervising children's schooling and multitasking at work. The estimates provide clear evidence of the unequal caregiving burden placed on mothers during the pandemic.