bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Descriptive Study of Spanish and Ecuadorian Commercial Infant Cereals: Are They in Line with Current Recommendations?
Authors: Guevara Debby , Marcos Ascensión , Ruiz Fátima Isabel , Gómez-Martínez Sonia , del Pozo Susana
Published: June 2024

Cereals are an important source of nutrients, especially used in complementary feeding. The objective of this study is to review the nutritional composition of cereal-based foods for infants from 4 months and toddlers that are offered in Spain and Ecuador, countries selected because of the opportunity to work in them, and due to their socio-economic differences (industrialized and developing countries, respectively). The number of these products was 105 cereals in Spain and 22 in Ecuador. The products were classified as gluten-free cereals, five cereals, eight cereals, multigrain cereals, and cookies. A 25 g serving was used to determine the percentage in which the samples analyzed can cover the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) for micronutrients in infants from 7 months and toddlers according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Nutritional information per 100 g of dry product was collected according to medium, minimum, and maximum units, and nutrient density was calculated. The age range in which these products are recommended is different in both countries. The nutritional composition presents some differences; Spanish cereals show a lower content of sodium, added sugars, hydrolyzed cereals, and maltodextrin than Ecuadorian cereals. Commercialized cereals could contribute to satisfying the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers; however, they can also be a source of non-recommended components.
Evaluating Double-Duty Actions in Rwanda’s Secondary Cities
Authors: Demekas Sophia , Prytherch Helen , Bayisenge Francine , Habumugisha Straton , Kraemer Klaus , Monroy-Gomez Jimena , Nabacu Immaculée , Speich Cornelia , Turinimigisha Innocente , Barjolle Dominique
Published: June 2024

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is escalating in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including in Rwanda, most notably in urbanizing areas. The 2019–2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (DHS) revealed that 33% of children under 5 years old are stunted while 42% of women in urban areas are overweight or obese. This coexistence has contributed to a surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in secondary cities. Using the World Health Organization’s (WHOs) “double-duty action” (DDA) concept, this study aims to identify and evaluate interventions with double-duty potential in Rwanda’s Rusizi and Rubavu districts and generate key recommendations for their improvement. A desk review of national policies pinpointed four programs with the greatest DDA potential: early childhood development (ECD) centers, the school feeding program, farmer field schools (FFS), and the provision of nutrition-sensitive direct support. In-person interviews with key stakeholders assessed the implementation of each program and a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to generate context-specific recommendations for their improvement. The main finding of this research is that Rwanda’s potential to address the DBM can be improved across multiple sectors by implementing a few key changes: targeting beliefs surrounding nutrition, improving trainings for community educators, enhancing parent–particularly father–involvement, and engaging in close monitoring and follow-up. These findings offer actionable streps that governments and nutrition stakeholders can take to improve similar interventions in other rapidly urbanizing LMICs.
Health and Nutrition Promotion Programs in Papua New Guinea: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chen Juliana , Davies Alyse , Tran Phyllis , Gronau Ryley , Rangan Anna , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Porykali Shelina , Oge Robin , Porykali Bobby
Published: June 2024

There is a rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Papua New Guinea (PNG), adding to the disease burden from communicable infectious diseases and thus increasing the burden on the healthcare system in a low-resource setting. The aim of this review was to identify health and nutrition promotion programs conducted in PNG and the enablers and barriers to these programs. Four electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Two reviewers completed screening and data extraction. This review included 23 papers evaluating 22 health and nutrition promotion programs, which focused on the Ottawa Charter action areas of developing personal skills (12 programs), reorienting health services (12 programs) and strengthening community action (6 programs). Nineteen programs targeted communicable diseases; two addressed NCDs, and one addressed health services. Enablers of health promotion programs in PNG included community involvement, cultural appropriateness, strong leadership, and the use of mobile health technologies for the decentralisation of health services. Barriers included limited resources and funding and a lack of central leadership to drive ongoing implementation. There is an urgent need for health and nutrition promotion programs targeting NCDs and their modifiable risk factors, as well as longitudinal study designs for the evaluation of long-term impact and program sustainability.
Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and Infant MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Ventricular Septal Defect in Offspring: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ruan Xiaorui , Li Ziye , Zhong Taowei , Lei Ridan , Luo Manjun , Sun Mengting , Qin Jiabi
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore the association of maternal diet, infant MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSDs). This case–control study recruited 448 mothers of VSD children and 620 mothers of healthy counterparts. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between maternal dietary habits during the first trimester of gestation, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and VSD. Gene–environment interaction effects were analyzed through logistic regression models, with false discovery rate p-value (FDR_p) < 0.05. Maternal excessive intake of fermented bean curd (OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.59–2.52), corned foods (OR = 2.23, 1.76–2.84), fumatory foods (OR = 1.75, 1.37–2.23), grilled foods (OR = 1.34, 1.04–1.72), and fried foods (OR = 1.80, 1.42–2.27) was associated with an increased risk of VSD. Regular intake of fish and shrimp (OR = 0.42, 0.33–0.53), fresh eggs (OR = 0.58, 0.44–0.75), soy products (OR = 0.69, 0.56–0.85), and dairy products (OR = 0.71, 0.59–0.85) was found to reduce the occurrence of VSD. Moreover, MTHFR gene polymorphisms at rs2066470 (homozygous: OR = 4.28, 1.68–10.90), rs1801133 (homozygous: OR = 2.28, 1.39–3.74), and rs1801131 (heterozygous: OR = 1.75, 1.24–2.47; homozygous: OR = 3.45, 1.50–7.95) elevated offspring susceptibility to VSDs. Furthermore, significant interactions of MTHFR polymorphisms with maternal dietary habits were observed, encompassing corned foods, fermented bean curd, fried foods, and grilled foods. Maternal dietary habits; MTHFR polymorphisms at rs2066470, rs1801131, and rs1801133; and their interactions were significantly associated with the occurrence of VSDs in offspring.
Nursing Leadership in a Post-Pandemic Elective Orthopaedic Theatre Department: A Detailed Thematic Analysis of an Open-Ended Qualitative Survey
Authors: Biz Carlo , Buffon Lisa , Scapinello Davide , Semple Sean , Belluzzi Elisa , Batash Ron , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: June 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nursing theatre staff, departmental activity, and delivery of services to patients. This work-based project aimed to investigate the challenges of nursing leadership in an elective orthopaedic department at current times. Methods: The study collected qualitative data exploring theatre staff’s expectations from leadership, offering insight on how the pandemic has influenced the way of working and exploring how the future in this unit may look. The answers from 20 practitioners to an anonymised open-ended survey were examined using thematic analysis. Results: The participants described a leader as a good communicator who focuses on empowering others and supporting the team, identified by the majority as a senior team member. From the findings, three topics were identified: immediate changes, delayed changes, and pre-existing conditions. The answers painted a reality that is complex and multifaceted, where numerous variables play a part in the physical and mental health of each candidate, impacting their performance as well as their work/life balance. Overall, the strongest subjects recurring in the findings were the need for nursing leadership to focus on supporting staff with training opportunities, to actively plan for a reduction in staffing shortages, and to be constantly mindful of staff well-being. Conclusions: This study pointed out that the need for constant communication with their staff, building honest relationships, and being a reliable leader, focused on empowering others and supporting the team were important factors for the nursing management during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19 era.
Upregulation of Neuroinflammation-Associated Genes in the Brain of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mice
Authors: Oh Soo-Jin , Kumari Pratima , Auroni Tabassum Tasnim , Stone Shannon , Pathak Heather , Elsharkawy Amany , Natekar Janhavi Prasad , Shin Ok Sarah , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2024

Neurological manifestations are a significant complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the underlying mechanisms are yet to be understood. Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced neuroinvasion and encephalitis were observed in K18-hACE2 mice, leading to mortality. Our goal in this study was to gain insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neurological manifestations in this mouse model. To analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brains of mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed NanoString gene expression analysis using three individual animal samples at 1, 3, and 6 days post-infection. We identified the DEGs by comparing them to animals that were not infected with the virus. We found that genes upregulated at day 6 post-infection were mainly associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling, and cell death pathways. However, downregulated genes were associated with neurodegeneration and synaptic signaling pathways. In correlation with gene expression profiles, a multiplexed immunoassay showed the upregulation of multiple cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation and cell death in SARS-CoV-2-infected brains. Furthermore, the pathway analysis of DEGs indicated a possible link between TLR2-mediated signaling pathways and neuroinflammation, as well as pyroptosis and necroptosis in the brain. In conclusion, our work demonstrates neuroinflammation-associated gene expression profiles, which can provide key insight into the severe disease observed in COVID-19 patients.
Invasive Fungal Infections of the Head and Neck: A Tertiary Hospital Experience
Authors: Hou Tieying , Bell W. Robert , Mesa Hector
Published: June 2024

From the existing millions of fungal species, only a few cause disease. In this study, we investigated invasive fungal infections in the head and neck (H&N) over a 19-year period (2005 to 2024) at a large academic healthcare system. Among the 413 documented fungal H&N infections, 336 were noninvasive, and 77 were invasive. The highest incidence of invasive infections occurred in the sinonasal cavities, with a 15-fold difference compared to other sites. Most infections affected adults over 40 years old. The most common organisms were Mucorales (51%), hyaline molds (29%), and Candida (11%). Risk factors included malignancy, transplant, diabetes, and illicit drug use. Mortality was high in patients with malignancy and/or transplant. Infections affecting the mandible were usually a complication of osteoradionecrosis and were associated with the coinfection of Candida and Actinomyces. At other sites, infections were rare and were usually the result of penetrating injuries or immunosuppression. Treatment typically involved a combination of antifungals and surgical procedures.
Prevalence of Subgingival Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khzam Nabil , Kujan Omar , Haubek Dorte , Arslan Aysen , Johansson Anders , Oscarsson Jan , Razooqi Zeinab , Miranda Leticia Algarves
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to investigate the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and to assess potential indicators of the risk of severe form(s) of periodontitis. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 156 consecutive patients with periodontitis was conducted. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the participants. The identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A descriptive analysis, a chi-square test, and a binary logistic regression statistical evaluation were performed. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in this population of 156 participants was 17.30% (27 patients). The prevalence of stage-III periodontitis was 75.6% and greater in older men, while the prevalence of stage-IV periodontitis was 22.4% and greater in younger women. We observed a significant relation between the risk of severe periodontitis (stage-IV) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.006), attendance at dental appointments (p ≤ 0.001), and familial history of periodontitis (p = 0.032). In conclusion, twenty-seven individuals were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Poor oral hygiene, family history of periodontitis, and irregular attendance at dental appointments were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in this cohort.
Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Inchingolo Francesco , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Latini Giulia , Ferrante Laura , de Ruvo Elisabetta , Campanelli Merigrazia , Longo Marialuisa , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Dipalma Gianna
Published: June 2024

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly during the first years of life. Differences in GM between breastfed and formula (F)-fed infants may influence long-term health outcomes. This systematic review aims to compare the gut microbiota of breastfed infants with that of F-fed infants and to evaluate the clinical implications of these differences. We searched databases on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the following keywords: “gut microbiota”, “gut microbiome”, and “neonatal milk”. The inclusion criteria were articles relating to the analysis of the intestinal microbiome of newborns in relation to the type of nutrition, clinical studies or case series, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 13 publications for this work. Breastfed infants showed higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while F-fed infants had a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile and Enterobacteriaceae. Infant feeding type influences the composition of oral GM significantly. Breastfeeding promotes a healthier and more diverse microbial ecosystem, which may offer protective health benefits. Future research should explore strategies to improve the GM of F-fed infants and understand the long-term health implications.
Plasma-Activated Tap Water with Oxidative Potential Has an Inactivating Effect on Microbiological Contaminants in Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Droste Nahla C. , Hummert Mareike , Leenders Paul , Mellmann Alexander , Becker Karsten , Kuczius Thorsten
Published: June 2024

Plasma-activated water (PAW) generated from tap water has gained attention as a disinfectant when used directly in its pure form. Little is known about the application of PAW for bacterial inactivation in aqueous environments because its use in fluids results in dilutions. We investigated the effect of PAW in aqueous suspensions simulating such dilutions, and we focused on the minimal addition of PAW volumes to bacterial aqueous suspensions still resulting in high inactivation rates. The antimicrobial effect was highly dependent on the activation of PAW. An increase in activation power from 90 to 100 W resulted in a greater microbial reduction with an identical 10 min activation time. The susceptibility to PAW dilutions was analyzed in detail regarding nine Gram-negative species out of Enterobacterales and other waterborne microorganisms as well as four Gram-positive species present in two different matrices, in saline and in tap water, at high concentrations simulating massive contamination situations. For this purpose, the PAW activation setting of 90 W and 30 min was defined in order to be able to differentiate the limitations of inactivation in individual bacterial species. The Gram-negatives in saline demonstrated susceptibility when one volume unit of PAW was added. However, twice the PAW volume was necessary for inactivation when bacteria were present in tap water. Gram-positive microorganisms were more robust, indicated by prolonged contact times before inactivation. Our results indicate that PAW can be used for bacterial decontamination processes in aqueous environments when added in surplus. Optimized activation settings such as electric power to generate PAW and the contact times to the samples increase the effect of the inactivation a wide range of bacteria, regardless of their resistance profiles.
Testing Hepatitis E Seroprevalence among HIV-Infected Patients in Greece: The SHIP Study
Authors: Antonopoulou Nikolina , Schinas Georgios , Kotsiri Zoi , Tsachouridou Olga , Protopapas Konstantinos , Petrakis Vasileios , Petrakis Emmanouil C. , Papageorgiou Despoina , Tzimotoudis Dimosthenis , Metallidis Simeon , Papadopoulos Antonios , Marangos Markos , Barbounakis Emmanouil , Kofteridis Diamantis P. , Panagopoulos Periklis , Gogos Charalambos , Vantarakis Apostolos , Akinosoglou Karolina
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses significant health concerns worldwide, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), due to an increased risk of chronic infection and progression to cirrhosis in individuals with low CD4 cell counts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, chronicity potential, and risk factors of HEV infection among PLWHIV in Greece, where data are currently absent. A synchronic multicentric study encompassing five major Greek university hospitals was executed over 24 months, recruiting 696 PLWHIV participants. The prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 16.5%, with 8.6% showing evidence of acute HEV infection (HEV IgM). Active viral replication (HEV RNA) was present in 2.3% of the study population. Longitudinal analysis revealed that of the 25 initially anti-HEV IgM-positive individuals, only 3 seroconverted to IgG positivity, and among those with prior HEV RNA positivity (16), none showed evidence of active replication in subsequent tests. Comparative subgroup analysis highlighted the lack of significant differences in HIV-related parameters between HEV seropositive and seronegative individuals. Laboratory evaluations generally showed no significant disparities across most parameters; however, a higher seropositivity for Hepatitis A was observed in the HEV-positive subgroup. Our findings highlight a considerable prevalence of HEV among PLWHIV in Greece, with no observed cases of chronicity.
An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery
Authors: Susa Francesca , Arpicco Silvia , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Limongi Tania
Published: June 2024

The state of well-being and health of our body is regulated by the fine osmotic and biochemical balance established between the cells of the different tissues, organs, and systems. Specific districts of the human body are defined, kept in the correct state of functioning, and, therefore, protected from exogenous or endogenous insults of both mechanical, physical, and biological nature by the presence of different barrier systems. In addition to the placental barrier, which even acts as a linker between two different organisms, the mother and the fetus, all human body barriers, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–retinal barrier, blood–nerve barrier, blood–lymph barrier, and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, operate to maintain the physiological homeostasis within tissues and organs. From a pharmaceutical point of view, the most challenging is undoubtedly the BBB, since its presence notably complicates the treatment of brain disorders. BBB action can impair the delivery of chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals into the brain, reducing their therapeutic efficacy and/or increasing their unwanted bioaccumulation in the surrounding healthy tissues. Recent nanotechnological innovation provides advanced biomaterials and ad hoc customized engineering and functionalization methods able to assist in brain-targeted drug delivery. In this context, lipid nanocarriers, including both synthetic (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, niosomes, proniosomes, and cubosomes) and cell-derived ones (extracellular vesicles and cell membrane-derived nanocarriers), are considered one of the most successful brain delivery systems due to their reasonable biocompatibility and ability to cross the BBB. This review aims to provide a complete and up-to-date point of view on the efficacy of the most varied lipid carriers, whether FDA-approved, involved in clinical trials, or used in in vitro or in vivo studies, for the treatment of inflammatory, cancerous, or infectious brain diseases.
Enhanced Cellular Doxorubicin Uptake via Delayed Exposure Following Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ma Rongwei , Wang Yubo , Wang Zhihao , Yin Shengyong , Liu Zhen , Yan Keping
Published: June 2024

The combination of nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) with pharmaceuticals is a pioneering therapeutic method capable of enhancing drug uptake efficacy in cells. Utilizing nsPEFs configured at 400 pulses, an electric field strength of 15 kV/cm, a pulse duration of 100 ns, and a repetition rate of 10 pulses per second (PPS), we combined the nsPEF with a low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) at 0.5 μM. Upon verifying that cells could continuously internalize DOX from the surrounding medium within 1 h post nsPEF exposure, we set the DOX exposure period to 10 min and contrasted the outcomes of varying sequences of DOX and nsPEF administration: pulsing followed by DOX, DOX followed by pulsing, and DOX applied 40 min after pulsing. Flow cytometry, CCK-8 assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to examine intracellular DOX accumulation, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ultrastructural transformations. Our findings demonstrate that exposing cells to DOX 40 min subsequent to nsPEF treatment can effectively elevate intracellular DOX levels, decrease cell viability, and inhibit the cell cycle. This research work presents a novel approach to enhance DOX uptake efficiency with moderate conditions of both DOX and nsPEF.
Diversity of the Morphometric and Biochemical Traits of Allium cepa L. Varieties
Authors: Arena Donata , Ben Ammar Hajer , Major Nikola , Kovačević Tvrtko Karlo , Goreta Ban Smiljana , Al Achkar Nicolas , Rizzo Giulio Flavio , Branca Ferdinando
Published: June 2024

Several Allium cepa L. varieties, representing a versatile set of vegetables widely utilized by consumers, are appreciated for their bioactive properties, including antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant capacities. The aim of this study is to compare the morphometric characteristics and biochemical profiles of four cultivars of A. cepa, two of them represented by the perennial Sicilian landrace “Cipudda agghiarola” (Allium × proliferum (Moench) Schrader), widely known as the Egyptian walking onion (WO), and by the landrace “Cipudduzza” belonging to the variety known as aggregatum (ON), which were compared with two commercial cultivars of A. cepa var. cepa (onion), Stoccarda (OS) and Rossa Carmen (OR). The experimental trial was conducted in Catania (Sicily), following organic growing practices. The randomized complete block experimental design was adopted with one experimental factor, the genotype (GE) effect. The harvested plants were characterized for their main morphometric parameters, according to the International Plant Genetic Resources (IGPR) descriptors. The biochemical activity was assessed by analyzing the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The sugar profile (total sugars, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and fructooligosaccharides—FOS) and the volatile compounds by headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) were also determined. The OR bulb exhibited the highest TPC (16.3 mg GAE/g d.w., p < 0.01) and TFC (8.5 mg QE/g d.w., p < 0.01), with the highest antioxidant capacity measured by the FRAP (27.1 µmol TE/g d.w., p < 0.01) and DPPH assays (46.2 µmol TE/g d.w., p < 0.01). The ON bulb showed the highest ORAC value (209 µmol TE/g d.w., p < 0.01). Generally, the bulbs were richer in sugars (584 mg/g d.w., p < 0.01) than the leaf blade (239 mg/g d.w., p < 0.01), except for OR. Significant interaction between the genotype and plant organ was noted in the volatile compound profiles (p < 0.05) except for total ketones and carboxylic acids, where higher content was observed in the leaf blade compared to the bulb, regardless of the genotype. These findings highlight WO’s potential for use in ready-to-eat products, enhancing its market value.
Identification of Attractants from Three Host Plants and How to Improve Attractiveness of Plant Volatiles for Monochamus saltuarius
Authors: Dong Yifan , Chen Dongping , Zhou Siye , Mao Zhengyi , Fan Jianting
Published: June 2024

As a new vector insect of pine wood nematodes in China, the Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) vectors pine wilt nematodes into healthy pine trees through feeding and oviposition, resulting in huge economic losses to forestry. A promising control strategy is to develop safe and efficient attractants. This study aims to screen for the key active volatiles of Pinus koraiensis (Pinales: Pinaceae), Pinus tabuliformis (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Picea asperata (Pinales: Pinaceae) that can attract M. saltuarius, and to study the synergistic attraction of the main attractant plant volatiles with ethanol and insect aggregation pheromones. The preference of M. saltuarius for three hosts is P. koraiensis > P. tabuliformis > Picea asperata. We detected 18 organic volatiles from three host plants. Through EAG assays and indoor Y-tube behavioral experiments, 3-carene, (-)-camphor, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, terpinolene, α-pinene, D-limonene, and myrcene were screened to have attractive effects on M. saltuarius. We found that 3-carene, β-pinene, and α-pinene are the most attractive kairomones in field experiments, which may play a crucial role in the host localization of M. saltuarius. Ethanol has a synergistic effect on the attractant activity of 3-carene and β-pinene, and the synergistic effect on β-pinene is the best. The mixture of ethanol, 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, and ipsdienol can significantly enhance the attraction effect of β-pinene on M. saltuarius. These new findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of attractants for adult M. saltuarius and contribute to the green control of M. saltuarius.
Coastal Dune Vegetation Dynamism and Anthropogenic-Induced Transitions in the Mexican Caribbean during the Last Decade
Authors: Gayosso-Soto Eloy , Cohuo Sergio , Sánchez-Sánchez Joan Alberto , Villegas-Sánchez Carmen Amelia , Castro-Pérez José Manuel , Cutz-Pool Leopoldo Querubín , Macario-González Laura
Published: June 2024

In the Mexican Caribbean, environmental changes, hydrometeorological events, and anthropogenic activities promote dynamism in the coastal vegetation cover associated with the dune; however, their pace and magnitude remain uncertain. Using Landsat 7 imagery, spatial and temporal changes in coastal dune vegetation were estimated for the 2011–2020 period in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve. The SAVI index revealed cover changes at different magnitudes and paces at the biannual, seasonal, and monthly timeframes. Climatic seasons had a significant influence on vegetation cover, with increases in cover during northerlies (SAVI: p = 0.000), while the topographic profile of the dune was relevant for structure. Distance-based multiple regressions and redundancy analysis showed that temperature had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on SAVI patterns, whereas precipitation showed little influence (p > 0.05). The Mann–Kendall tendency test indicated high dynamism in vegetation loss and recovery with no defined patterns, mostly associated with anthropogenic disturbance. High-density vegetation such as mangroves, palm trees, and shrubs was the most drastically affected, although a reduction in bare soil was also recorded. This study demonstrated that hydrometeorological events and climate variability in the long term have little influence on vegetation dynamism. Lastly, it was observed that anthropogenic activities promoted vegetation loss and transitions; however, the latter were also linked to recoveries in areas with pristine environments, relevant for tourism.
Fungal Saprotrophic Promotion and Plant Pathogenic Suppression under Ditch-Buried Straw Return with Appropriate Burial Amount and Depth
Authors: Zhou Jie , Li Yanling , Lou Jiawen , Wang Yuekai , Kan Zhengrong , Neugschwandtner Reinhard W. , Li Fengmin , Liu Jian , Dong Ke , Xue Yaguang , Yang Haishui , Shi Lingling
Published: June 2024

Fungi as heterotrophs are key participants in the decomposition of organic materials and the transformation of nutrients in agroecosystems. Ditch-buried straw return as a novel conservation management strategy can improve soil fertility and alter hydrothermal processes. However, how ditch-buried straw return strategies affect the soil fungal community is still unclear. Herein, a 7-year field trial was conducted to test the influences of burial depth (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) and the amount of ditch-buried straw (half, full, double) on the diversity, composition, and predicted functions of a soil fungal community, as well as the activities of carbon-degraded enzymes. Under the full amount of straw burial, the abundance of phylum Ascomycota was 7.5% higher as compared to other burial amount treatments. This further increased the activity of cellobiohydrolase by 32%, as revealed by the positive correlation between Ascomycota and cellobiohydrolase. With deeper straw burial, however, the abundance of Ascomycota and β-D-glucopyranoside activity decreased. Moreover, genus Alternaria and Fusarium increased while Mortierella decreased with straw burial amount and depth. FUNgild prediction showed that plant fungal pathogens were 1- to 2-fold higher, whilst arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were 64% lower under straw buried with double the amount and at a depth of 40 cm. Collectively, these findings suggest that ditch-buried straw return with a full amount and buried at a depth less than 30 cm could improve soil nutrient cycles and health and may be beneficial to subsequent crop production.
Soil Acidification Can Be Improved under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes in a Sweetpotato–Wheat Rotation System
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Lei , Fu Weiguo , Xu Cong , Zhang Hui , Xu Xianju , Ma Hongbo , Wang Jidong , Zhang Yongchun
Published: June 2024

Soil acidification is a significant form of agricultural soil degradation, which is accelerated by irrational fertilizer application. Sweetpotato and wheat rotation has emerged as an important rotation system and an effective strategy to optimize nutrient cycling and enhance soil fertility in hilly areas, which is also a good option to improve soil acidification and raise soil quality. Studying the effects of different fertilization regimes on soil acidification provides crucial data for managing it effectively. An eight-year field experiment explored seven fertilizer treatments: without fertilization (CK), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization (PK), nitrogen (N) and K fertilization (NK), NP fertilization (NP), NP with K chloride fertilization (NPK1), NP with K sulfate fertilization (NPK2), and NPK combined with organic fertilization (NPKM). This study focused on the soil acidity, buffering capacity, and related indicators. After eight years of continuous fertilization in the sweetpotato–wheat rotation, all the treatments accelerated the soil acidification. Notably, N fertilization reduced the soil pH by 1.30–1.84, whereas N-deficient soil showed minimal change. Organic fertilizer addition resulted in the slowest pH reduction among the N treatments. Both N-deficient (PK) and organic fertilizer addition (NPKM) significantly increased the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 8.83% and 6.55%, respectively, compared to CK. Similar trends were observed for the soil-buffering capacity (pHBC). NPK2 increased the soil K+ content more effectively than NPK1. NPKM reduced the sodium and magnesium content compared to CK, with the highest magnesium content among the treatments at 1.60 cmol·kg−1. Regression tree analysis identified the N input and soil magnesium and calcium content as the primary factors influencing the pHBC changes. Structural equation modeling showed that the soil pH is mainly influenced by the soil ammonium N content and pHBC, with coefficients of −0.28 and 0.29, respectively. Changes in the soil pH in the sweetpotato–wheat rotation were primarily associated with the pHBC and N input, where the CEC content emerged as the main factor, modulated by magnesium and calcium. Long-term organic fertilization enhances the soil pHBC and CEC, slowing the magnesium reduction and mitigating soil acidification in agricultural settings.
The Invasive Alien Plant Solidago canadensis: Phytochemical Composition, Ecosystem Service Potential, and Application in Bioeconomy
Authors: Poljuha Danijela , Sladonja Barbara , Uzelac Božac Mirela , Šola Ivana , Damijanić Danijela , Weber Tim
Published: June 2024

Solidago canadensis L. (Canadian goldenrod) is a widely distributed invasive herb from the Asteraceae family. It contains compounds that can change the soil structure and its nutritional components and thus affect indigenous species’ growth, germination, and survival. Consequently, it can pose a major ecological threat to biodiversity. On the other hand, many studies show that this species, due to its chemical properties, can be used for many positive purposes in pharmacy, agriculture, medicine, cosmetic industry, etc. S. canadensis contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds that may be responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Many studies have discussed the invasiveness of S. canadensis, and several chemical and genetic differences between this plant in native and introduced environments have been discovered. Previous ecological and environmental evaluations of the potential of S. canadensis as an ecosystem services provider have come out with four promising groups of its products: active extracts, essential oil, fuel, and others. Although identified, there is a need for detailed validation and prioritisation of ecosystem services. This article aims to overview the S. canadensis invasive features, emphasising chemical characterisation and its potential for providing ecosystem services. Moreover, it identifies scenarios and proposes a methodology for estimating S. canadensis use in bioeconomy.
Methyl-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) Analysis Provides Insights into the DNA Methylation Changes Underlying Adaptation to Low Temperature of Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Liu Lijun , Wang Wanpeng , Lu Xiaoming , Zhang Tianyu , Wu Junyan , Fang Yan , Ma Li , Pu Yuanyuan , Yang Gang , Wang Wangtian , Sun Wancang
Published: June 2024

Background: DNA methylation can change rapidly to regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes. Previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the cold resistance of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) after being domesticated in different selection environments; however, little is known about the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of its cold resistance formation. Methods: Four winter rapeseed materials (‘CT-2360’, ‘MXW-1’, ‘2018-FJT’, and ‘DT-7’) domesticated in different environments were selected to analyze the DNA methylation level and pattern changes under low temperature using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism technology with 60 primer pairs. Results: A total of 18 pairs of primers with good polymorphism were screened, and 1426 clear bands were amplified, with 594 methylation sites, accounting for 41.65% of the total amplified bands. The total methylation ratios of the four materials were reduced after low-temperature treatment, in which the DNA methylation level of ‘CT-2360’ was higher than that of the other three materials; the analysis of methylation patterns revealed that the degree of demethylation was higher than that of methylation in ‘MXW-1’, ‘2018-FJT’, and ‘DT-7’, which were 22.99%, 19.77%, and 24.35%, respectively, and that the methylation events in ‘CT-2360’ were predominantly dominant at 22.95%. Fifty-three polymorphic methylated DNA fragments were randomly selected and further analyzed, and twenty-nine of the cloned fragments were homologous to genes with known functions. The candidate genes VQ22 and LOC103871127 verified the existence of different expressive patterns before and after low-temperature treatment. Conclusions: Our work implies the critical role of DNA methylation in the formation of cold resistance in winter rapeseed. These results provide a comprehensive insight into the adaptation epigenetic regulatory mechanism of Brassica rapa L. to low temperature, and the identified differentially methylated genes can also be used as important genetic resources for the multilateral breeding of winter-resistant varieties.
Detailed Analysis of Gamma-Shielding Characteristics of Ternary Composites Using Experimental, Theoretical and Monte Carlo Simulation Methods
Authors: Özdoğan Hasan , Üncü Yiğit Ali , Akman Ferdi , Polat Hasan , Kaçal Mustafa Recep
Published: June 2024

Ionizing radiation is vital in various fields but poses health risks, necessitating effective shielding. This study investigated the photon-shielding properties of polyester-based ternary composites with barite (BaSO4) and tungsten (W) using experimental methods, theoretical calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations for energies between 81 keV and 1332.5 keV. WINXCOM was utilized for the theoretical predictions, and the MCNP6 and PHITS 3.22 algorithms were employed for the simulations. According to the results, the simulation, theoretical, and experimental data all closely aligned. At 81 keV, the composite containing the highest amount of tungsten (PBaW50) had the highest mass attenuation coefficient (3.7498 cm2/g) and linear attenuation coefficient (12.9676 cm−1). Furthermore, for a sample that was 1 cm thick, PBaW50 offered 99.88% protection at 81 keV and had the lowest HVL and TVL values. PBaW50 exhibited attenuation capabilities, making it appropriate for use in industrial, medical, and aerospace settings. In summary, the findings of this study underscore the potential of polyester-based composites doped with barite and tungsten as effective materials for gamma radiation shielding. The PBaW50 sample, in particular, stands out for its attenuation performance, making it a viable option for a wide range of applications where durable and efficient radiation shielding is essential.
Assessment of Environmental Impact on Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipes Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Călin Cătălina , Diniță Alin , Brănoiu Gheorghe , Popovici Daniela Roxana , Tănase Maria , Sirbu Elena-Emilia , Portoacă Alexandra-Ileana , Mihai Sonia
Published: June 2024

Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely used due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, their properties can degrade under different environmental conditions, affecting long-term reliability. This study examines the effects of temperature and chemical environments on GFRP pipes. Specimens were exposed to salt water and alkaline solutions at 20 °C and 50 °C. Diffusion coefficients and tensile and flexural properties were measured. Advanced techniques (TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) showed a 54.73% crystallinity difference between samples at 20 °C/air and 50 °C/salt water. Elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions accelerated degradation, with diffusion coefficients 68.38% higher at 50 °C/salt water compared to at 20 °C/salt water. Flexural strength decreased by 47.65% and tensile strength by 13.89%, at 50 °C/alkaline compared to 20 °C/air. Temperature was identified as the primary factor affecting mechanical performance, while alkaline environments significantly influenced tensile and flexural modulus. These results underscore the importance of considering environmental factors for the durability of GFRP composites.
Prediction of Residual Compressive Strength after Impact Based on Acoustic Emission Characteristic Parameters
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Guo Zaoyang , Lyu Qihui , Wang Ben
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a prediction method for residual compressive strength after impact based on the extreme gradient boosting model, focusing on composite laminates as the studied material system. Acoustic emission tests were conducted under controlled temperature and humidity conditions to collect characteristic parameters, establishing a mapping relationship between these parameters and residual compressive strength under small sample conditions. The model accurately predicted the residual compressive strength of the laminates after impact, with the coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the test set being 0.9910 and 2.9174, respectively. A comparison of the performance of the artificial neural network model and the extreme gradient boosting model shows that, in the case of small data volumes, the extreme gradient boosting model exhibits superior accuracy and robustness compared to the artificial neural network. Furthermore, the sensitivity of acoustic emission characteristic parameters is analyzed using the SHAP method, revealing that indicators such as peak amplitude, ring count, energy, and peak frequency significantly impact the prediction results of residual compressive strength. The machine-learning-based method for assessing the damage tolerance of composite laminates proposed in this paper utilizes the global monitoring advantages of acoustic emission technology to rapidly predict the residual compressive strength after the impact of composite laminates, providing a theoretical approach for online structural health monitoring of composite laminates. This method is applicable to various composite laminate structures under different impact conditions, demonstrating its broad applicability and reliability.
Development of Highly Flexible Piezoelectric PVDF-TRFE/Reduced Graphene Oxide Doped Electrospun Nano-Fibers for Self-Powered Pressure Sensor
Authors: Ahmed Arsalan , Khoso Nazakat Ali , Arain Muhammad Fahad , Khan Imran Ahmad , Javed Kashif , Khan Asfandyar , Memon Sanam Irum , Fan Qinguo , Shao Jianzhong
Published: June 2024

The demand for self-powered, flexible, and wearable electronic devices has been increasing in recent years for physiological and biomedical applications in real-time detection due to their higher flexibility and stretchability. This work fabricated a highly sensitive, self-powered wearable microdevice with Poly-Vinylidene Fluoride-Tetra Fluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) nano-fibers using an electrospinning technique. The dielectric response of the polymer was improved by incorporating the reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) through doping. The dielectric behavior and piezoelectric effect were improved through the stretching and orientation of polymeric chains. The outermost layer was attained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) to enhance the electrical conductivity and sensitivity. The hetero-structured nano-composite comprises PVDF-TrFE doped with rGO-MWCNTs over poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), forming continuous self-assembly. The piezoelectric pressure sensor is capable of detecting human physiological vital signs. The pressure sensor exhibits a high-pressure sensitivity of 19.09 kPa−1, over a sensing range of 1.0 Pa to 25 kPa, and excellent cycling stability of 10,000 cycles. The study reveals that the piezoelectric pressure sensor has superior sensing performance and is capable of monitoring human vital signs, including heartbeat and wrist pulse, masticatory movement, voice recognition, and eye blinking signals. The research work demonstrates that the device could potentially eliminate metallic sensors and be used for early disease diagnosis in biomedical and personal healthcare applications.
Development of Molecularly Imprinted Magnetic Amino Acid-Based Nanoparticles for Voltammetric Analysis of Lead Ions in Honey
Authors: Karagözlü Mehmet , Aşır Süleyman , Abu Shama Nemah , Göktürk Ilgım , Yılmaz Fatma , Türkmen Deniz , Denizli Adil , Özgören Murat
Published: June 2024

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous metal that poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health. The presence of Pb in food products such as honey can pose a significant risk to human health and is therefore important to detect and monitor. In this study, we propose a voltammetric detection method using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrodes to detect Pb (II) ions in honey. Pb (II) ion-imprinted amino acid-based nanoparticles with magnetic properties on a carbon paste electrode (MIP-CPE) were designed to have high sensitivity and selectivity towards Pb (II) ions in the honey sample. Zetasizer measurements, electron spin resonance, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize magnetic polymeric nanoparticles. The results showed that the voltammetric detection method using MIP-CPE was able to accurately detect Pb (II) ions in honey samples with a low detection limit. The proposed method offers a simple, rapid, cost-effective solution for detecting Pb (II) ions in honey. It could potentially be applied to other food products to ensure their safety for human consumption. The MIP-CPE sensor was designed to have high sensitivity and selectivity towards Pb (II) ions in the honey sample. The results showed that the technique was able to deliver highly sensitive results since seven different concentrations were prepared and detected to obtain an R2 of 0.9954, in addition to a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0912 µM and a low quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.276 µM. Importantly, the analysis revealed no trace of Pb (II) ions in the honey samples obtained from Cyprus.