bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on setting method of fatigue warning sign on desert expressway based on driver's heart and myoelectric index
Authors: Xingli Jia , Zexuan Jiao , Wenhua Yin , Ye Zhang
Published: July 2022

Through on-the-spot investigation of the Uma Expressway through the Tengger Desert in China, the same road scene as the actual road was built on the uc-win road, driving simulation was performed in the simulation cabin, cardiac and EMG indicators were collected, and fatigue characteristics were analyzed. Simultaneously, several groups of different fatigue warning signs were simulated, and the changes and interaction rules of ECG and EMG indexes were analyzed to obtain the best setting method for the signs. Finally, the rationality of the setting scheme is verified based on the agglomerative hierarchical system cluster analysis method. The results show that during the driving process, both the driver's psychological fatigue and physical fatigue show a significant increase in fluctuations, and the growth trend has four stages, namely stable fluctuation (0-30min), initial fatigue (35-85min), adjustment stage (85-160min), severe fatigue (after 160min), and psychological fatigue is earlier than physiological fatigue, the driver's adjustment effect on physiological fatigue is better than psychological fatigue. In the desert highway with a design speed of 80-100km/h, the fatigue warning signs with black characters on a white background and the interval of 60-80km have the most obvious stimulation effect on driver fatigue.
Radiosensitivity is associated with antitumor immunity in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kang Byung-Hee , Jang Bum-Sup , Kim In Ah
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated radiosensitivity and the tumor microenvironment (TME) to identify characteristics of breast cancer patients who would benefit most from radiation therapy.Methods: We analyzed 1,903 records from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium cohort using the radiosensitivity index (RSI) and gene expression deconvolution algorithms, CIBERSORT and xCell, that estimates the TME composition of tumor samples. In this study, patients were stratified according to TME and radiosensitivity. We performed integrative analyses of clinical and immuno-genomic data to characterize molecular features associated with radiosensitivity.Results: Radiosensitivity was significantly associated with activation of antitumor immunity. In contrast, radioresistance was associated with a reactive stromal microenvironment. The immuno-genomic analysis revealed that estrogen receptor (ER) pathway activity was correlated with suppression of antitumor immunity. In ER-negative disease, the best prognosis was shown in the immune-infiltrated and radiosensitive group patients, and the lowest was in the immune-excluded and radioresistant group patients. In ER-positive disease, immune signature and radiosensitivity had no prognostic significance.Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that tumor radiosensitivity is associated with activation of antitumor immunity and a better prognosis, particularly in patients with ER-negative breast cancer.
Preventing the Next Pandemic: A Critical Analysis of the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the U.S. Healthcare System
Authors: Howington MPH Jabria , Andrade MPH DrPH Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of 2019-nCoV (“COVID-19”) raised major concerns as it spread rapidly around the globe. The impacts are not fully known and cannot be overlooked given the emergence of COVID-19 variants. In response to this ever-changing virus, artificial intelligence (“AI”) has been explored for its capability to combat the pandemic. This critical analysis examines the utility of AI to improve pandemic preparedness and discusses the benefits of AI-based technologies, such as detecting disease outbreaks, mitigating spread, and speeding drug and vaccine development. It also questions whether AI applications could prevent the next pandemic. A literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus, and articles published after January 2020 that discussed AI applications in the U.S. healthcare system were ranked in terms of relevance on a scale of 1-5 according to their degrees of focus. Articles scoring three or higher were included in the final literature review. From a total of forty-one identified articles, twenty-four met the inclusion criteria and twelve were ranked of highest relevance by including discussions on AI models and methods, the strengths and limitations, and promising practice or recommendations.This critical analysis concludes that AI-based technology is successful at improving pandemic preparedness, but challenges and limitations will arise as we continue to invest in AI-based technology; such as over- or under-performance due to imbalanced or incomplete data. Overall, the utilization of AI should aim to improve emergency preparedness strategies, mitigation efforts, and vaccine development, while alleviating the burdens experienced by medical professionals to achieve the best results.
Characterization and population structure assessment of Indian Common bean using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Bisht Yogita , Sharma Himanshu , Jugran Arun K.
Published: July 2022

The Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop of family Fabaceae which is used as a potential source of proteins, fibres and minerals across the globe. The Indian Himalayan region harbours plentiful varieties of common bean, but it is nearly unexplored till date. The present study was attempted to assess genetic diversity and population structure of 119 common bean samples belonging to 20 diverse accessions gathered from Uttarakhand, India using newly designed chloroplast microsatellite (SSR) markers. A total of 218 polymorphic alleles were identified for 8 SSR loci. Mean number of alleles per locus (Na = 1.55), effective allele number (Ne = 1.370), Shannon information index (I = 0.313), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.213) and average polymorphic loci (10.9) were estimated based on Cp-SSR data. Maximum genetic diversity (He) was recorded in the Jhalla accession where it was found minimum in the accession collected from Supi. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE evaluation using SSR based information showed that 20 bean accessions were genetically separated into two main clusters. Also, the genetic distance-based cluster analysis separated 20 common bean accessions using these markers into 2 major clusters corresponding Mesoamerican and Andean. These Cp-SSR markers also demonstrated transferability among Fabaceae members like Vigna radiata, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Glycine max, Vigna mungo in this study. The findings from the study can be used to select better accessions of the bean for production, conservation, and future breeding programs. Likewise, markers displaying transferability can be used for monitoring the genetic heterogeneity of other members of the family Fabaceae.
Patient Safety Culture As Spaces Of Social Struggle: Understanding patient safety culture within hospital isolation settings. A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Hunt Julian , Gammon John , Williams Sharon , Daniel Sharon , Rees Sue , Matthewson Sian
Published: July 2022

Background: In recent times, infection prevention and patient safety have become a global health policy priority with thought being given to understanding organisational culture within healthcare, and of its significance in initiating sustained quality improvement within infection prevention and patient safety. Research Methods: In this paper, we utilise focus group interviews at two hospital sites within one health board in order to engage nursing staff and other healthcare workers in elaborating on their understandings of infection prevention practices and patient safety culture within isolation settings in their organisation. Results: Positioned against a background of healthcare restructuring and ever increasing uncertainty, our study found two very different hospitals in regard to patient safety culture and infection prevention practice. The utilisation of focus group interviews revealed themes that characterises the ways in which interviewees understand the work they perform and the broader economic and political context in which they perform that work.Conclusions: Drawing on the insights of Bourdieu, this paper theorises the field of patient safety as a space of social struggle. Patient safety is thus positioned within its social and cultural context, rather than as merely an epidemiological dilemma.
Usefulness of Mobile Devices in Learning Within the Clinical Setting for Residents of Surgical Specialties in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Vives-Varela Tania , Alpuche-Hernández Amilcar , Avila-Montiel Diana , Bracho-Blanchet Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Background: Mobile learning refers to the use of mobile or wireless devices for learning purposes while on the move. It is a learning technique that can be applied in multiple contexts through social and content interactions. “Mobile” learners can use it as an educational technology in a variety of settings available at their convenience.In medicine, new technology offers the potential to enhance learning and patient care, although it also poses potential risks, such as superficial learning, failure to understand how to discriminate reliable sources of information, distraction, inappropriate use, and privacy-related issues. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of mobile devices for residents in the clinical settings of a hospital.Methods: Mixed method design on pediatric surgery residents. Quantitative data were analyzed via a simple discriminant analysis. Qualitative data were obtained using the focus group technique, with a subsequent triangulation of data.Results: All residents use devices for learning and communication. The triangulation analysis yielded the following categories: agile communication, search for data on drugs and prognosis, consultation of medical applications, limitations of devices, and inconsistencies between the official regulations and their advantages in clinical practice.Conclusions: We demonstrate the usefulness of mobile devices among surgical residents within the clinical care. Every hospital should regulate its policies for better use of devices.
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease: associations with β-amyloid-PET, neurodegeneration and cognition
Authors: Chatterjee Pratishtha , Vermunt Lisa , Gordon Brian , Pedrini Steve , Boonkamp Lynn , Armstrong Nicola , Xiong Chengjie , Singh Abhay , Li Yan , Sohrabi Hamid , Taddei Kevin , Molloy Mark , Benzinger Tammie , Morris John , Karch Celeste , Berman Sarah , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Cruchaga Carlos , Graff-Radford Neill , Day Gregory , Farlow Martin , Fox Nick , Goate Alison , Hassenstab Jason , Lee Jae-Hong , Levin Johannes , McDade Eric , Mori Hiroshi , Perrin Richard , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter , Levey Allan , Jucker Mathias , Masters Colin , Fagan Anne , Bateman Randall , Martins Ralph , Teunissen Charlotte
Published: July 2022

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a promising candidate blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and prognostication. The timing of its disease-associated changes, its clinical correlates, and biofluid-type dependency will influence its clinical utility. We evaluated plasma, serum, and CSF GFAP in families with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), leveraging the predictable age at symptom onset to determine changes by stage of disease. Plasma GFAP elevations appear a decade before expected symptom onset, after β-amyloid accumulation and prior to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Plasma GFAP distinguished β-amyloid-positive from β-amyloid-negative ADAD participants and showed a stronger relationship with β-amyloid load in asymptomatic than symptomatic ADAD. Higher plasma GFAP was associated with the degree and rate of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Serum GFAP showed similar relationships, but these were less pronounced for CSF GFAP. Our findings support a role for plasma GFAP as a clinical biomarker for β-amyloid-associated cognitive deterioration in AD.
Genome-wide association study identifies candidate genes and favorable haplotypes for seed yield in Brassica napus
Authors: Liu Haijiang , Zou Maoyan , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Xinyu , Yuan Pan , Ding Guangda , Xu Fangsen , SHI LEI
Published: July 2022

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most essential oil crops. Genetic improvement of seed yield (SY) is a major aim of B. napus breeding. Several studies have been reported the genetic mechanisms of SY of B. napus. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SY was conducted using a panel of 403 natural accessions of B. napus, with more than five million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 1773 significant SNPs were detected associated with SY and 783 significant SNPs were co-located with previously reported QTLs. The lead SNPs chrA01__8920351 and chrA02__4555979 were jointly detected in Trial 2_2 and Trial 2_mean value, and in Trial 1_2 and Trial 1_mean value, respectively. Subsequently, two candidate genes of BnaA01g17200D and BnaA02g08680D were identified by combining transcriptome, candidate gene association analysis and haplotype analysis. BnaA09g10430D detected through lead SNP chrA09__5160639 was associated with SY of B. napus. Our results provide valuable information for studying the genetic control of seed yield in B. napus and can provide valuable genes, haplotypes and cultivars resources for the breeding of high seed yield B. napus cultivars.
Thermal performance assessment of a passive mixed-mode solar dryer
Authors: Missana Wenceslaus Pantaleo , Mashingo Peter Paul
Published: July 2022

Solar energy is becoming increasingly important as an alternative energy source due to the demand for new energy and environmental concerns about reducing greenhouse gasses. Food scarcity and agricultural product loss are currently affecting the world as a result of poor drying and storage methods, which result in post-harvest losses. The developed passive mixed-mode solar dryer was tested at daytime, from 9:00 to 18:30 hours. The study focuses on the thermal evaluation of the passive mixed mode solar dryers using experimental methodologies. The solar dryer achieved a maximum air-drying temperature of 69.2°C while the flat plate solar collector achieved 68.8°C respectively. The average air-drying temperature was 50.1°C, while an ambient average temperature was 29°C. This research demonstrates that a passive mixed mode solar dryer can effectively dry food and benefiting the community.
Disruption of grin2B, an ASD-associated gene, produces social deficits in zebrafish.
Authors: Zoodsma Josiah D. , Keegan Emma , Moody Gabrielle R. , Bhandiwad Ashwin A. , Napoli Amalia J. , Burgess Harold A. , Wollmuth Lonnie P. , Sirotkin Howard I.
Published: July 2022

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), like many neurodevelopmental disorders, has complex and varied etiologies. Advances in genome sequencing have identified multiple candidate genes associated with ASD, including dozens of missense and nonsense mutations in the NMDAR subunit GluN2B, encoded by GRIN2B. NMDARs are glutamate-gated ion channels with key synaptic functions in excitatory neurotransmission. How alterations in these proteins impact neurodevelopment is poorly understood, in part because knockouts of GluN2B in rodents are lethal. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish GluN2B displays similar structural and functional properties to human GluN2B. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated fish lacking all functional GluN2B (grin2B-/-) and surprisingly found that they survive into adulthood. Given the prevalence of social deficits in ASD, we assayed social preference in the grin2B-/- fish. Wild-type fish develop a strong social preference by 3 weeks post fertilization (wpf). In contrast, grin2B-/- fish at this age exhibit significantly reduced social preference. This phenotype is specific for GluN2B and not due to general NMDAR dysfunction, as frameshift mutations in other NMDAR subunits do not generate social deficits. Notably, the lack of GluN2B does not result in a broad disruption of neurodevelopment, as grin2B-/- larvae do not show alterations in spontaneous or photic-evoked movements, are capable of prey capture, and exhibit learning capabilities. Whole-brain imaging of grin2B-/- larvae revealed a reduction in inhibitory neurons in the subpallium, a region linked to ASD in humans, but showed that overall brain size and E/I balance in grin2B-/- is comparable to wild-type. Together, these findings highlight the specific role of GluN2B in ASD etiologies and establishing a disease-relevant in vivo model for future studies.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Health Focused Training on body mass index and quality of life among obese adults during pandemic
Authors: Ramaiah Ramasubbamma , Saranya Nikitha , Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Sampayan Eva Lobelle , Arrab Mervat Mostafa . , Mohamed Sana Ahmed Mahmoud , Natarajan Jansi Rani , Viole Josephine Mary , Duraisamy Kalaiselvi , Ahmed Rasha Elsayed
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The overall prevalence of obesity among adolescents was estimated to be 9.9% in India. Patients with morbid obesity are at higher risk for health complications, such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and other breathing problems and some forms of cancer. They frequently suffer from low self-esteem, impaired body image, and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Health Focused Training (CHF-T) on body mass index and quality of life among obese adults. Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of CHF-T among obese adults in selected community area, Kelambakkam, Chennai. Samples were selected by non-probability convenient sampling as per the inclusion criteria; 30participants were assigned as experimental group and 30 in control group. CHF-T was given and the level of obesity was assessed by calculating the body mass index (BMI), and the quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the adopted Moorhead quality of life questionnaire.Results: In the experimental group, there significant reduction in the mean BMI score and improve in QOL score in post-test compared to pre-test. Sex and hours spend on television had statistically significant association with posttest level of BMI at p<.01 and p<.05 level. No statistically significant association related to QOL. Conclusion: Cognitive Health Focused Training (CHF-T) among obese people was an effective method in reducing the BMI and increasing QOL. It needs commitment of the healthcare professional to create awareness among the public.
Ring stage classification of Babesia microti and Plasmodium falciparum using optical diffraction 3D tomographic technique
Authors: Mazigo Ernest , Jun Hojong , Oh Jeonghun , Malik Wasiq , Louis Johnsy Mary , Kim Tong-Soo , Lee Se Jin , Na Sunghun , Chun Wanjoo , Park Won Sun , Park Yong-Keun , Han Eun-Taek , Kim Min-Jae , Han Jin-Hee
Published: July 2022

Background: Babesia is an intraerythrocytic parasite that has always been misdiagnosed to malaria parasite, rendering to inappropriate treatment of the disease especially in co-endemic areas. Unlike Plasmodium species, intraerythrocytic cycles of Babesia including their invasion, growth, division, and egress are still not fully understood. In recent years, optical diffraction tomography (ODT) has shown great potential in the field of pathogen detection by virtue quantification of three-dimensional imaging tomograms. Methods: The early ring stage of P. falciparum and B. microti were obtained from the infected patients during diagnosis. The ODT technique was applied to analyze and characterize detailed differences at the single cell level between P. falciparum and B. microti ring stage. Based on three-dimensional quantitative information, accurate measurement was performed in morphological, biochemical, and biophysical parameters. Results: Accurate measurements indicated actual differences in morphological parameters in which the host cell surface area at the ring stage in B. microti was significantly smaller than P. falciparum, and sphericities showed higher levels in B. microti parasitized cells. Based on biochemical parameters, host cell hemoglobin level significantly increased and membrane fluctuation were more active fluctuating in P. falciparum than B. microti infected cells. The result indicates that P. falciparum more actively altered host RBCs. Conclusion: Although P. falciparum and B. microti showed often confusable characteristics under the microscopy, the actual three-dimensional properties are different. These differences could be used in differential clinical diagnosis of erythrocytes infected with B. microti and P. falciparum.
Pyroptosis-related subtypes predict the prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment and guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Tielin , Li Sheng , Yu Chao , Wu Yuanbo , Long Huimin
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlthough immunotherapy has revolutionized bladder cancer (BLCA) therapy, only few patients demonstrate durable clinical benefits due to the heterogeneity. Emerging evidence has linked pyroptosis to shaping tumor microenvironment (TME) and predicting therapy response. However, the relationship between pyroptosis and immunotherapy response in BLCA remains elusive.MethodsDifferentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs) between tumor and normal tissues were identified using publicly available datasets. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to screen for DEPRGs associated with survival. Consensus clustering was used for BLCA subtyping. TME characteristics were evaluated by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and immune checkpoint genes (ICGs). Following univariate COX regression and LASSO analyses with pyroptosis-related DEGs, the risk model and nomogram were constructed with TCGA dataset and validated in the GEO dataset. Furthermore, therapeutic responses in high- and low-risk groups were compared using TIDE and GDSC databases.ResultsTwo pyroptosis-related subtypes (Cluster 1 and 2) were identified based on expression patterns of GSDMA and CHMP4C. Bioinformatic analyses showed that cluster 1 had poor survival, more M0/M1/M2 macrophages, higher immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores, and higher expression levels of ICGs. A 15-gene signature for predicting prognosis could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. Furthermore, the correlation of risk scores with TIDE score and IC50 showed that patients in low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas patients in high-risk group could better benefit from chemotherapy.ConclusionOur study identified two novel pyroptosis-related subtypes and constructed a risk model, which can predict the prognosis, improve our understanding the role of PRGs in BLCA, and guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
A facile and efficient synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles via a four-component one-pot reaction in the presence of Ni(II) Schiff base/SBA 15 heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Bardajee Ghasem Rezanejade , Mahmoodian Hossein , Boraghi Seyed Ata , Aghazadeh Fatemeh , Rezanejad Zahir
Published: July 2022

Under favorable conditions, we have designed a one-pot multicomponent reaction combining aromatic amines, aldehydes, nitroalkanes, and 1-dicarbonyl compounds in conjunction with the presence of the Ni(II)-Schiff base/SBA-15 as a heterogeneous catalyst to generate a range of functionalized pyrroles in reasonable to excellent yields. We present a methodology that results in a high yield percentage, a short reaction time of approximately 8 hours, mild reaction conditions of 70°C, a wide range of substrates, the possibility of large-scale synthesis, low cost, and the avoidance of hazardous reagents/solvents. In addition, this method can synthesize more desirable pyrroles by adding or altering numerous functional groups to the reactants in a one-pot process. Specifically, a Hammett plot variant was employed to evaluate the reaction effectively.
Multiple-Drug Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing E.Coli in Raw Milk of Dairy Bovine in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Safir , KHAN SAEED UL HASSAN , Rasheed Faisal , Khan Muhammad Asim , Rizwan Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad Hasnain , Ahmad Irshad , zeb tariq
Published: July 2022

Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) also known as verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), strains are zoonotic pathogens and can cause severe diseases in humans, such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. E. coli O157:H7 is the most well-known serotype of this group. Ruminants are the main reservoir of these bacteria and contaminated raw milk is the key source of the infection. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is harboring, drug-resistant genes in dairy bovine raw milk samples received from street vendors, milk shops, and dairy farms in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current study was carried out to investigate the presence of various STEC strains in raw milk of dairy bovine. Out of 800 milk samples, 321 (40.5%) samples were positive for E. coli. Further investigation of E. coli through multiplex PCR for the presence of four virulence genes i.e., stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA revealed that 40 out of 321 (5.0%) positive samples were belonging to STEC strains of various serotypes and were positive for one or more virulence genes. STEC isolates were checked for their antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antibiotics and showed resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents. The highest percentages of resistance were detected for ceftriaxone (72%), Amoxicillin (68%), and penicillin (59%) followed by Augmentin (50%), and the highest susceptibility was found for Norfloxacin (54%) followed by Enrofloxacin (50%). STEC strains showed 27.5% ability to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and genotypically presence with the bla ctxm gene. STEC strains isolated from milk, and dairy products respectively were multi-drug resistant. These results highlight the potential threat to public health and necessitate the adoption of appropriate control measures to minimize the threat.
Changing clinical manifestations of Gaucher disease in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Wen-Li , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Chou Yen-Yin , Chu Shao-Yin , Li Meng-Ju , Lee An-Ju , Liao Chao-Chuan , Wang Chung-Hsing , Lee Ni-Chung
Published: July 2022

Background
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by deficient glucocerebrosidase activity that results from biallelic mutations in the GBA gene. Its phenotypic variability allows GD to be classified into 3 subtypes based on the presence and extent of neurological manifestations. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available for all patients with GD in Taiwan since 1998. Newborn screening (NBS) for GD has been available since 2015. This study attempted to unveil the clinical features of patients diagnosed with GD at different eras in Taiwan.
Materials and methods
Data from the health records of two tertiary hospitals responsible for two-thirds of the patients with GD in Taiwan were used. The study population included all patients identified as having GD between 1998 and April 2022 in these two hospitals for review. A total of 42 individuals were included.
Results
Compared to that reported worldwide, our cohort presented a higher proportion of GD3 individuals, both by clinical suspicion and by NBS diagnosis. The major subtypes that were recognized following NBS diagnosis were GD2 and GD3. The majority of GD patients carry at least one p.Leu483Pro variant. The 5-year survival rates were 0% for GD2 patients and 100% for patients with other subtypes. Patients diagnosed in the post-NBS era were free of symptoms on initial presentation, except for those with the GD2 subtype. For those diagnosed earlier, ERT proved to be effective in terms of improved hemograms and prevented bone crises. However, the neurological symptoms of GD3 patients progressed despite ERT intervention.
Conclusion
ERT is essential in reversing the hematological presentations and preventing the skeletal complications of GD. Timely diagnosis of GD with NBS allows for early intervention with ERT to prevent disease progression and complications. However, the need for effective intervention for neurological dysfunction remains unmet.
Radiographical characteristics and traction duration of impacted maxillary canine requiring surgical exposure and orthodontic traction
Authors: Yang Jin-Seob , Cha Jung-Yul , Lee Ji-Yeon , Choi Sung-Hwan
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to classify the radiographical characteristics of impacted maxillary canines that were surgically exposed followed by orthodontic traction and to investigate the correlation between these characteristics and the traction duration for impacted maxillary canines. This retrospective study enrolled 74 patients with 87 maxillary canines. Cone beam computed tomography images, panoramic radiographs, and medical records were analyzed. Cyst formation and resorption of adjacent roots were observed in 26.4% and 23.0% of cases, respectively. Impacted maxillary canines were mostly distributed in the lateral incisor area. The average traction duration for 47 teeth that met the study criteria was 13.9±8.9 months. The distance from the maxillary canines to the occlusal plane (3c-OP) and to the midline and the angle between the midline and maxillary canines showed a statistically significant correlation with traction duration (p<0.05). The 3c-OP showed the strongest correlation with traction duration (r=0.519, p<0.01). The traction duration of impacted maxillary canines was most strongly related to its distance from the occlusal plane rather than the angle. Using the characteristics of impacted maxillary canines based on their mesiodistal position and correlation with traction duration may facilitate proper diagnosis and treatment planning for impacted maxillary canines.
The role of podiatry in the early identification and prevention of lower limb venous disease: an ethnographic study
Authors: Roberts Peter James Joseph , Ousey Karen , Barker Caroline , Reel Sarah
Published: July 2022

Background
Lower limb venous disease can cause significant pain, loss of mobility, and can be detrimental to an individual’s quality of life. Manifestations of venous disease often pose a substantially negative impact on patients and place a high demand on finite healthcare resources. Whilst this problem is internationally recognised, the majority of research and discourse has predominantly focussed on treatment of leg ulceration and prevention of recurrence. Prevention of lower limb venous disease progression to the first ulceration has received far less attention. Overall, the care of this condition appears to rest in the domain of medicine and nursing yet podiatry, a profession with responsibility for the lower limb and foot, is conspicuous by its absence from the literature.
Methods
An ethnographic approach was used to gather data from 26 participants through observation, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group interview. Qualitative analysis was conducted using the framework approach.
Results
The findings revealed an identity crisis within the podiatry profession. Evidence emerged of ritual and routine practices that did not include lower limb venous disease. External control over practice limited the professional autonomy of podiatrists determining their own activities. Inter-professional relationships with nursing, and perceptions of boundaries that venous disease was a nursing role were also found to be limiting factors.
Conclusions
This research revealed that podiatry does not occupy a substantive role in contributing to the early identification and prevention of lower limb venous disease. Policy, education, research and practice changes are all required to enhance the contribution of podiatry to reduce the burden of this disease.
Elevated endothelial dysfunction related biomarker levels indicate the severity and predict the incidence of sepsis
Authors: Zhou Gaosheng , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Dawei
Published: July 2022

Background: The present study assessed to investigate the relationship between the serum endothelial dysfunction-related biomarker levels and the severity of organ dysfunction in septic patients. Methods: In total, 105 patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine were enrolled between September 2020 and November 2021. The levels of serum syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin(sTM) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Clinical and laboratory data were also recorded. Results: The enroll patient were divided into three groups: Infection group (n = 28), septic non-shock group (n = 31), and septic shock group (n = 46). Serum syndecan-1level (102.84 ± 16.53 vs. 55.38 ± 12.34 ng/mL), and sTM(6.60 ± 1.44 ng/mL vs. 5.23 ± 1.23 ng/mL, P < 0.01) in the septic group were clearly increased compared with the in infection group respectively. Besides, the serum syndecan-1 level was closely positively correlated with the serum sTM (rs = 0.712, r2 = 0.507, P < 0.001). Moreover, either serum syndecan-1(rs = 0.687, r2 = 0.472, P < 0.001) or sTM levels (rs = 0.6, r2 = 0.36, P < 0.01), was significantly positively correlated with the sequential organ failure assessment scores respectively. For the sepsis diagnosis, the results indicate Syndecan-1 (AUC 0.89 ± 0.04, P < 0.001) was more valuable for prediction than sTM (AUC 0.77 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). And for the septic shock diagnosis, the results indicate Syndecan-1 (AUC 0.95 ±0.02, P < 0.001) as the best predictor as well as SOFA score (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.001), compared with sTM (AUC 0.88 ± 0.03, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Serum syndecan-1, sTM levels were associated with the severity of organ dysfunction in septic patients, and serum syndecan-1, sTM levels were good for early identification of septic, particularly septic shock patients.
Geometry Parameter Estimation for Sparse X-ray Log Imaging
Authors: Senchukova Angelina , Suuronen Jarkko , Heikkinen Jere , Roininen Lassi
Published: July 2022

We consider geometry parameter estimation in industrial sawmill fan-beam X-ray tomography. In such industrial settings, scanners do not always allow identification of the location of the source-detector pair, which creates the issue of unknown geometry. This work considers two approaches for geometry estimation. Our first approach is a calibration object correlation method in which we calculate the maximum cross-correlation between a known-sized calibration object image and its filtered backprojection reconstruction and use differential evolution as an optimiser. The second approach is projection trajectory simulation, where we use a set of known intersection points and a sequential Monte Carlo method for estimating the posterior density of the parameters. We show numerically that a large set of parameters can be used for artefact-free reconstruction. We deploy Bayesian inversion with Cauchy priors for synthetic and real sawmill data for detection of knots with a very low number of measurements and uncertain measurement geometry.
Identity development, attraction, and behaviour of heterosexually identified men who have sex with men: Scoping review protocol
Authors: Eaton Andrew David , Scheadler Travis R. , Bradley Cara , McInroy Lauren B. , Beer Oliver W. J. , Beckwell Erin , Busch Adam , Shuper Paul A.
Published: July 2022

Background: Heterosexually identified men who have sex with men (H-MSM) are distinct from other heterosexual men and from gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men. Specifically, H-MSM experience discordance between their sexual identity (i.e., heterosexual) and behaviours (i.e., sexual encounters with other men). This sexual identity-behaviour discordance can create barriers to obtaining healthcare and social support. Understanding and accepting H-MSM as they self-identify may be necessary to implement effective public health and psychosocial interventions. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of research on H-MSM.Methods: A scoping review will be conducted to identify and describe the identity development, attraction, and behaviour of H-MSM. This scoping review will also identify and describe current trends related to the recruitment of H-MSM and recommended directions for future research. Searches will be conducted in Academic Search Complete, APA PsychInfo, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Education Research Complete, Gender Studies Database, GenderWatch, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, LGBTQ+ Source, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX with Full Text, Sociological Collection, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Google, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. Primary research studies published in peer-reviewed journals will be included. Dissertations and theses that include primary research on H-MSM will also be included. Reference lists, experts in the field, preprint servers, and relevant conferences will also be consulted for extant and in-progress literature. Two reviewers will independently pilot the data extraction form and conduct the title and abstract screening, with consultation from a research librarian. Seven reviewers will then conduct the full-text article screening. Thematic content analysis will guide the review; through independent review and reviewer meetings, themes and subthemes will be identified and reported from the extracted literature.Discussion: This is the first known knowledge synthesis on H-MSM; it seeks to better understand sexual identity-behaviour discordance amongst cisgender men. We anticipate that a theoretical framework of H-MSM’s sexuality, internal processes, and behaviours will be constructed from this review. Alongside implications for further research with H-MSM, this review may be relevant to sexually transmitted infection public health, and to clinicians working in the field of male sexuality.Scoping review registration: Submitted to Open Science Framework
The global abundance of short tandem repeats is non-random in rodents and primates
Authors: Arabfard Masoud , Salesi Mahmood , Nourian Yazdan Hassani , Arabipour Iman , Maddi AliMohammad Ali , Kavousi Kaveh , Ohadi Mina
Published: July 2022

Background
While of predominant abundance across vertebrate genomes and significant biological implications, the relevance of short tandem repeats (STRs) (also known as microsatellites) to speciation remains largely elusive and attributed to random coincidence for the most part. In a model study, here we collected data on the whole-genome abundance of mono-, di-, and trinucleotide STRs in nine species, encompassing rodents and primates, including rat, mouse, olive baboon, gelada, macaque, gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human. The unnormalized and normalized data were used to analyze hierarchical clustering of the STR abundances in the selected species.
Results
We found massive differential abundances between the rodent and primate orders. In addition, while numerous STRs had random abundance across the nine selected species, the global abundance conformed to three consistent < clusters>, as follows: , , , which coincided with the phylogenetic distances of the selected species (p < 4E-05). Exceptionally, in the trinucleotide STR compartment, human was significantly distant from all other species.
Conclusion
Based on hierarchical clustering, we propose that the global abundance of STRs is non-random in rodents and primates, and probably had a determining impact on the speciation of the two orders. We also propose the STRs and STR lengths which predominantly coincided with the phylogeny of the selected species, exemplified by (t)10, (ct)6, and (taa4). Phylogenetic and experimental platforms are warranted to further examine the observed patterns and the biological mechanisms associated with those STRs.
Wavelength-dependent strain gradient modelling of one-dimensional mass-spring lattices
Authors: Wang Binying , Liu Jinxing , Soh Ai Kah
Published: July 2022

By extending the long-wave assumption generally employed in most continua, we have proposed a strain gradient (SG) continuum model to simulate one-dimensional (1D) mass-spring chains with local/nonlocal interactions. By accounting for the periodicity of wave motion, we establish a wavelength-dependent Taylor expansion formulation of displacement. The present continuum is reduced to the existing Mindlin-type SG counterparts at the long-wave limit and remains accurate in the medium- and short-wave range. Based on the proposed model, the following fundamental topics are analyzed: (1) The selection of unit cell strongly influences the performance of the continuum. The model is found to work at its best when the periodic unit cell is composed of one single complete mass point and all half springs directly linked to it. (2) Nonlocal interactions increase local extremums in the dispersion curve, and we propose an explicit criterion to judge the workable range of the long-wave approximation, which becomes narrower with increasing the nonlocal interaction span. (3) A higher-order SG continuum does NOT necessarily enhance the ability of predicting short-wave dispersion properties unless the Taylor expansion method proposed here is adopted. The fourth-order equation of motion, hereafter called EOM, of the present SG continuum has been found to adequately capture the dispersion relation throughout the first Brillouin zone. This work sheds light on short-wave homogenizations of periodic structured medium such as mechanical metamaterials.
Boltzmann- and non-Boltzmann-based thermometers in the first, second and third biological windows for the SrF2:Yb3+,Ho3+ nanocrystals under 980, 940 and 915 nm excitations
Authors: Wang Linxuan , Li Liang , Yuan Maohui , Yang Zining , Han Kai , Wang Hongyan , Xu Xiaojun
Published: July 2022

Spectrally determination of temperature based on the lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (NCs) is a vital strategy to noninvasively measure the temperature in practical applications. Here, we synthesized a series of SrF2:Yb3+/Ho3+ NCs and simultaneously observed the efficient visible upconversion luminescence (UCL) and near-infrared (NIR) downconversion luminescence (DCL) under 980, 940 and 915 nm excitations. Subsequently, these NCs were further utilized for thermometers based on the Boltzmann (thermally-coupled levels, TCLs) and non-Boltzmann (non-thermally-coupled levels, NTCLs) of Ho3+ ions in the first (~ 650 nm), second (~ 1012 nm) and third (~ 2020) biological windows (BW-I, BW-II and BW-III) under tri-wavelength excitations. The thermometric parameters including the relative sensitivity (\({S_{\text{r}}}\)) and temperature uncertainty (\(\delta T\)) are quantitatively determined on the I648/I541 (BW-I), I1186/I1012 (BW-II), and I1950/I2020 (BW-III) transitions of Ho3+ ions in the temperature range of 303–573 K. Comparative experimental results demonstrated that the thermometer has superior performances.
Periodontal soft tissue augmentation induced by periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics surgery
Authors: Han Ye , Miao Lili , Yue Zhaoguo , Xv Min , Shu Chang , Xv Li , Hou Jianxia
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To quantitatively assess the changes of periodontal soft tissue including gingival thickness and the width of keratinized gingiva after periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) surgery by digital measurements.Methods: This study enrolled 15 maxillaries with 89 anterior teeth and 16 mandibles with 94 anterior teeth from Chinese adult patients with skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion for whom the PAOO surgery was proposed during orthodontic treatment. Intraoral scanning and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations were performed before PAOO surgery and 6-month after the surgery. The width of keratinized gingiva was measured on the digital model acquired by intraoral scanning. The gingival thickness was measured by a digital three-dimension model based on the combination of digital intraoral scanning and CBCT data.Results: The average gingiva thickness before surgery was 0.91 ± 0.32 mm and 1.21 ± 0.38 mm at 6-month after PAOO. Patients showed periodontal soft tissue augmentation with an average gingival thickness gain of 0.30 ± 0.33 mm. At 1mm, 2mm and 3mm apical to CEJ levels, the gingival thickness increase of mandible was higher than maxilla (0.38 ± 0.30 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.31 mm, 0.43 ± 0.35 mm vs. 0.26 ± 0.41 mm, 0.36 ± 0.27 vs. 0.25 ± 0.32 mm, respectively, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the sites of gingival thickness ≤ 1mm before surgery showed more thickness gain than the sites > 1mm (0.36 ± 0.32 mm vs. 0.18 ± 0.31 mm, P < 0.001). The average width of keratinized gingiva at T0 was 3.88 ±1.22 mm, and increased 1.05 ±1.24 mm 6-month after PAOO surgery. Meanwhile, a digital three-dimension model for gingival thickness measurement based on the combination of digital intraoral scanning and CBCT showed high reliability and accuracy with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.897.Conclusion: PAOO could improve insufficient periodontal soft and hard tissues in patients with skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion, including the gingival thickness and keratinized gingiva width. The digital three-dimension model based on the combination of digital intraoral scanning and CBCT data could provide a new digital measurement of gingiva thickness with high accuracy and reliability.
Chemical genetics unveils WTA/PBP2a-PBP2/VraRS as a regulatory axis for virulence gene expression in CA-MRSA
Authors: Lu Yunfu , Zhao Qingmin , Cao Qiao , Chen Feifei , Chen Rongrong , wang Yanhui , Huang Haixin , Huang Ruimin , Liu Qian , Bae Taeok , Li Min , Lan Lefu
Published: July 2022

Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) and Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) are key virulence determinants for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Here, using chemical and genetic approaches, we show that inhibition of TarO, the first enzyme in the wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthetic pathway, decreases the expression of genes encoding PSMs and SpA in the prototypical CA-MRSA strain USA300 LAC. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to the activation of VraRS two-component system that directly represses the expression of accessory gene regulator (agr) locus and spa. The activation of VraRS was due, at least in part, to the loss of the functional integrity of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) in a PBP2a-dependent manner. We provide multiple lines of evidence that the accumulation of lipid-linked peptidoglycan precursors is a trigger for the activation of VraRS. In sum, our data reveal an unprecedented and important role for WTA biosynthesis in the regulation of virulence gene expression in CA-MRSA, underlining that acquisition of PBP2a-encoding mecA gene can impart an additional regulatory layer for the modulation of key signaling pathways (e.g., VraRS and agr) in S. aureus.