bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in Venezuela
Authors: Karl Terry Lynn
Published: October 2022

The tentative reemergence of democracy in Latin America in the first half of the 1980s has encouraged scholars and policymakers to take a new look at the “older” democratic experiences on the continent in their search for viable political models. Just as Chile and Uruguay were once considered the “Switzerlands of Latin America,” so Venezuela has now become the political darling of the development set. As Peter Merkl wrote in 1981, “It appears that the only trail to a democratic future for developing societies may be the one followed by Venezuela…. Venezuela is a textbook case of step-by-step progress.” Praxis, however, has produced a certain wariness toward “textbook cases” of this sort. The demise of past democratic regimes whose stability had been unquestioned for decades warns that the search for models is fraught with perils. Despite its having an established party system, Venezuela should not be expected to provide a formula for those who seek paths to democratization.
Nontraditional Agricultural Exports in Latin America
Authors: Barham Bradford , Clark Mary , Katz Elizabeth , Schurman Rachel
Published: October 2022

After a decade of debt crisis and severe economic decline, countries throughout Latin America are seeking radical new treatments for their economic ills. Under pressure from internal political actors, international lending and aid agencies, or some combination of these, many Latin American countries are turning to outward-looking development strategies to stabilize their balance of payments and revitalize economic growth. Serving as the centerpiece for the new strategies is the promotion of “nontraditional” exports.
Indian Population Patterns in Colonial Spanish America
Authors: Newson Linda A.
Published: October 2022

Spanish colonialism was disastrous for the Indian population of America. By the end of the colonial period, all Indian groups who had come into contact with Europeans were less than half of the size they had been on the eve of Spanish conquest, and some had become extinct. Although the Indian population was reduced in size between 1492 and 1821, the demographic changes experienced by different Indian groups varied considerably. Some groups became extinct at an early date, others experienced a sharp decline followed by a slow recovery, and others continued to decline slowly into the nineteenth century. The uneven distribution of Indians in Latin America today clearly reflects not only their distribution at the time of the Spanish conquest, but also their subsequent demographic histories. It is the aim of this article to identify regional variations in population trends during the colonial period and to suggest factors that may have been responsible for differences in the level of survival of Indian populations.
The Origins of Capitalist Agriculture in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Baud Michiel
Published: October 2022

It has been well documented that structural changes in the capitalist world system during the second half of the nineteenth century generated profound consequences for peripheral economies such as those in Latin America and Africa. Improvements in transportation and the increasing demand for tropical consumer goods in the industrializing countries caused unprecedented growth in the production of tropical export crops and a consequent international movement of agricultural commodities. This widespread emergence of export agriculture for Western European and North American markets is the one reason why researchers can still employ a broad concept like the “Third World” to divergent economies and cultures in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Production of such crops as cotton, cocoa, tobacco, and coffee, which had previously been grown in many regions on a limited scale, expanded enormously in the second half of the nineteenth century. The global character of these agrarian changes, however, should not obscure their regional peculiarities. Export agriculture (whether peasant-or plantation-based) arose within existing systems of social and economic relations, which had a decisive influence on the final outcome of this process of change.
White Slavery, Public Health, and the Socialist Position on Legalized Prostitution in Argentina, 1913-1936
Authors: Guy Donna J.
Published: October 2022

In January 1875, the Buenos Aires municipal council legalized female sexual commerce within authorized bordellos. A decade of rapid urbanization and population growth, characterized by a high proportion of unmarried males, had created problems of social control and public health that had to be addressed by city authorities. Assisted in their task by doctors specializing in public health who were aware of European legislation on the issue, councilmen enacted a law purportedly intended to improve public health. Instead, the desire to create revenues from exorbitant license fees meant that municipally regulated prostitution served principally to keep prostitutes off the streets and enlarge city coffers. It was not until 1888 that the Dispensario de Salubridad (or Prostitutes' Registry) was established along with the Sifilicomio (the venereal disease hospital) to periodically examine and treat women in licensed houses of prostitution.
Latin American Urbanization During the Years of the Crisis
Authors: Portes Alejandro
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to review recent trends in the process of urbanization in major Latin American cities. Abundant literature on Third World urbanization in the 1960s and 1970s painted a fairly coherent picture of the process during these decades. That image, which has been generally accepted in both academic and policy circles, serves as the backdrop against which contemporary trends will be evaluated here. The population in Latin America was becoming rapidly urbanized, but the process has been frequently described as “distorted” in a number of ways by the common condition of underdevelopment in which these countries found themselves.
Business and the “Boys”: The Politics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes
Authors: Conaghan Catherine M. , Malloy James M. , Abugattas Luis A.
Published: October 2022

Although the 1970s witnessed a convergence of neoliberal economic policies and authoritarianism in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America, the 1980s gave way to a new combination of economic orthodoxy and democracy in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Neoliberal economic projects emerged in these central Andean countries as they confronted broadly similar economic problems. Plummeting prices in the international market for key exports, decreased investment, and growing financial burdens imposed by the international debt created the parameters of la crisis—the topic that became a central focus of political discourse in these new democracies. At different points in time, each of the three countries responded to the crisis with neoliberal economic experiments. In Peru a turn toward neoliberalism occurred under the administration of Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1980-1985), only to be completely reversed by the heterodox policies of Alan García (1985–). In Ecuador basic stabilization measures had already been undertaken by the government of Osvaldo Hurtado (1981-1984). León Febres Cordero (1984-1988) then committed the country to a monetarist and antistatist model. In Bolivia following the enormous instability and hyperinflation during the government of Hernán Siles Zuazo (1982-1985), the country adopted a neoliberal approach under the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1985-1988).
Argentine-Brazilian Economic Integration: An Early Appraisal
Authors: Manzetti Luigi
Published: October 2022

Attempts have been made at Latin American regional integration since the late 1950s, but on each occasion, high expectations have met with disappointing failures. In July 1986, however, a new phase began in the history of Latin American integration as Presidents Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and José Sarney of Brazil signed the Argentina-Brazil Economic Integration Pact (ABEIP).
Politics and Latin America's Urban Poor: Reflections from a Lima Shantytown
Authors: Stokes Susan C.
Published: October 2022

In the early 1970s, Wayne Cornelius asked, “Are the migrant masses revolutionary? Definitely not, at least in Latin America and many other parts of the developing world.” These words summarized an emerging revisionist view of the political character of Latin America's new urban poor. Careful empirical research had proved wrong previous scholars and observers who had expected the new migrant populations in Latin America's cities to become sources of support for revolutionary political movements. A new picture of the inhabitants of Latin America's burgeoning shantytowns came into focus, showing these populations to be either passive or loyally engaged in the surrounding political system. According to this picture, squatters held considerable hope for individual advancement, forged clientelistic ties with government officials, and showed few signs of joining radicalized, class-conscious social movements.
View from Below
Authors: Ranis Peter
Published: October 2022

The majority of the working classes are divided into various factions that display a host of views and attitudes. As E. P. Thompson has portrayed the concept of class, it is at best not a permanent structure or category but something that emerges from time to time when workers band together for one reason or another. The complexity of this phenomenon has been compounded by the growth of various sectors of the working class, adding to its heterogeneity and amorphousness. Marx himself perceived that capitalism had “converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science into its paid wage labourers.”
Foreign Predominance Among Overseas Traders in Nineteenth-Century Latin America
Authors: Ridings Eugene W.
Published: October 2022

Writing of nineteenth-century Peru, historian Jorge Basadre observed, “To discuss the commercial life of the country is to discuss the role of the foreigner.” Historian Francisco Calderón similarly stated that during the late nineteenth century, “it may be affirmed that various foreign houses with great capital generally dominated Mexican overseas commerce.” A visitor to nineteenth-century Brazil remarked of Rio de Janeiro's foreign trading houses, “these large firms are the main prop of Brazilian commerce; almost every shopkeeper in the country is, more or less directly, dependent on them.” Nor were Peru, Mexico, and Brazil atypical. In almost every Latin American nation, foreigners dominated international trade during the nineteenth century. As the above authorities imply, this domination was not only economic but numerical: the majority of overseas traders in most Latin American nations were aliens (only Colombia constituted a clear-cut exception). Foreign numerical domination among overseas traders may have had a profound effect on Latin American development.
Bolivia Revisited: New Directions in North American Research in History and Anthropology
Authors: Larson Brooke
Published: October 2022

A recent diagnosis of the health of Latin American studies in the United States reveals that Bolivia is among the forgotten or ignored countries. U.S. scholarship on Mexico, Brazil, and Peru vastly outranks research on Bolivia. Following the Bolivian Revolution of 1952, U.S. universities turned out a host of dissertations and books on Bolivia, but since that time, the U.S. community of Bolivianists has declined. Yet anthropological and historical research on this southern Andean country seems to be flourishing. Although some political scientists attracted to problems and prospects for reform created by the Revolution have turned their attention elsewhere, Bolivia still fascinates scholars interested in the deeper currents of historical change and the remarkable resilience of rural Andean peoples in their struggle to preserve their cultural integrity.
Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua
Authors: Palmer Steven
Published: October 2022

Ernesto “Che” Guevara hoy, Augusto Cesar Sandino ayer, marcan con heroismo la indispensable rota guerrillera que habra de conducir a los pueblos victimas del imperialismo a la posesión absoluta de sus propios destinos. Carlos Fonseca

Sandino, guerrillero proletario

Carlos Fonseca's unequivocal bracketing of Augusto Sandino's political project with that of Latin America's premier Marxist revolutionary would have shocked most readers when it was written in 1972. In this and other seminal essays, one of the three founders of Nicaragua's Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) formally integrated Sandino the historical figure into the ideology of their revolutionary struggle. Sandino had fought a six-year guerrilla war against the U.S. forces occupying Nicaragua between 1927 and 1933. His assassination in 1934 by Anastasio Somoza's henchmen ushered in a forty-five-year dynastic dictatorship by a succession of Somozas. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, until Fonseca died in combat against the Guardia Nacional in 1976, his writings guided the FSLN's resurrecting and reconstructing of the image of Sandino in order to reshape it into the dominant symbol of a powerful revolutionary ideology.
Deviations from a typical development of the cerebellum in youth are associated with psychopathology, executive functions and educational outcomes
Authors: Borges Marina S. , Hoffmann Maurício S. , Simioni André , Axelrud Luiza K. , Teixeira Danielle S. , Zugman André , Jackowski Andrea , Pan Pedro M. , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Parker Nadine , Germann Jurgen , Bado Patrícia P. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Milham Michael P. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Paim Rohde Luis Augusto , Constantino Miguel Eurípedes , Paus Tomas , Salum Giovanni A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Understanding deviations from typical brain development is a promising approach to comprehend pathophysiology in childhood and adolescence. We investigated if cerebellar volumes different than expected for age and sex could predict psychopathology, executive functions and academic achievement.

Methods

Children and adolescents aged 6–17 years from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions had their cerebellar volume estimated using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates from T1-weighted images at baseline (n = 677) and at 3-year follow-up (n = 447). Outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and standardized measures of executive functions and school achievement. Models of typically developing cerebellum were based on a subsample not exposed to risk factors and without mental-health conditions (n = 216). Deviations from this model were constructed for the remaining individuals (n = 461) and standardized variation from age and sex trajectory model was used to predict outcomes in cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediation analyses.

Results

Cerebellar volumes higher than expected for age and sex were associated with lower externalizing specific factor and higher executive functions. In a longitudinal analysis, deviations from typical development at baseline predicted inhibitory control at follow-up, and cerebellar deviation changes from baseline to follow-up predicted changes in reading and writing abilities. The association between deviations in cerebellar volume and academic achievement was mediated by inhibitory control.

Conclusions

Deviations in the cerebellar typical development are associated with outcomes in youth that have long-lasting consequences. This study highlights both the potential of typical developing models and the important role of the cerebellum in mental health, cognition and education.
Differences in chromatic noise suppression of luminance contrast discrimination in young and elderly people
Authors: Brito Rosa Maria Guimarães , Sousa Bruna Rafaela Silva , Miquilini Letícia , Goulart Paulo Roney Kilpp , Costa Marcelo Fernandes , Ventura Dora Fix , Cortes Maria Izabel Tentes , Souza Givago Silva
Published: October 2022

Aging causes impairment of contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination, leading to changes in the perceptual interactions between color and luminance information. We aimed to investigate the influence of chromatic noise on luminance contrast thresholds in young and older adults. Forty participants were divided equally into Young (29.6 ± 6.3-year-old) and Elderly Groups (57.8 ± 6.6-year-old). They performed a luminance contrast discrimination task in the presence of chromatic noise maskers using a mosaic stimulus in a mosaic background. Four chromatic noise masking protocols were applied (protan, deutan, tritan, and no-noise protocols). We found that luminance contrast thresholds were significantly elevated by the addition of chromatic noise in both age groups (P < 0.05). In the Elderly group, but not the younger group, thresholds obtained in the tritan protocol were lower than those obtained from protan and deutan protocols (P < 0.05). For all protocols, the luminance contrast thresholds of elderly participants were higher than in young people (P < 0.01). Tritan chromatic noise was less effective in inhibiting luminance discrimination in elderly participants.
The ‘Market-Conforming’ Family: Foreign Families, the ‘Grandmother Solution’ and the West German Welfare State
Authors: Stokes Lauren
Published: October 2022

Foreigners’ right to family migration in West Germany was grounded on the idea that said migration could unburden the welfare state. The state actively recruited both foreign men and women as guest workers, often as married couples, creating the problem of providing childcare within a welfare state that assumed that families could provide their own childcare. Some migrant workers responded to these expectations by bringing extended family members, such as the family that brought a ‘Spanish grandmother’ and subsequently fought for her residence permit in court. When the Federal Administrative Court heard her case in 1973, it concluded that extended family members had a right to migrate if they made the family more ‘functional’, which the grandmother in question did by caring for her grandchildren. The conservative welfare state incorporated foreigners according to a logic of ‘market conformity’ that guided its migration policy and shaped its approach to social welfare.
Greenhouse gases mitigation: global externalities and short-termism
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Minooei Fard Behnaz , Semmler Willi
Published: October 2022

Policies designed to control greenhouse gases imply domestic tradeoffs and international externalities, which lead to both domestic and international conflicts, influencing their feasibility and implementations. Our paper investigates two quantitative aspects within this debate. We intend to quantify the impact of: (a) the internalization of international externalities; and (b) the damage associated with a short-term view of climate policies. In this respect, we adopt the innovative (in this field) idea of model predictive control to formalize moving-horizon policy strategies and, thus, to build counterfactuals characterized by a different horizon for all policymakers.
Privacy Is Dead, Long Live Privacy!
Authors: Dienlin Tobias , Breuer Johannes
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Privacy is a hotly debated topic in academia and society. The digitalization of our world has had enormous implications for our privacy. Some researchers and public figures agree that privacy has changed substantially, that we are living in a post-privacy world, and that we need to address privacy differently. Conversely, others maintain that privacy remains a relevant concept in our society, and that, although facets and degrees of privacy change, the conceptual core and societal relevance remain unchanged and intact. In this paper, we discuss the current state and future of privacy, presenting two opposing stances on four central questions: Has privacy changed? Is privacy dead? Have we lost control over our own privacy? How should we react? With this dialogue we hope to provide an overview of current positions on privacy by presenting divergent lines of reasoning and thinking, while outlining potential paths forward.
Cloud service checklist for academic communities and customization for genome medical research
Authors: Kobayashi Kumiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Tanjo Tomoya , Aida Kento
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a cloud service checklist designed to help IT administrators or researchers in academic organizations select the most suitable cloud services. This checklist, which comprises items that we believe IT administrators or researchers in academic organizations should consider when they adopt cloud services, comprehensively covers the issues related to a variety of cloud services, including security, functionality, performance, and law. In response to the increasing demands for storage and computing resources in genome medical science communities, various guidelines for using resources operated by external organizations, such as cloud services, have been published by different academic funding agencies and the Japanese government. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify the checklist items that satisfy the genome medical science community’s guidelines, and some of these requirements are not included in the existing checklists. This issue provided our motivation for creating a cloud service checklist customized for genome medical research communities. The resulting customized checklist is designed to help researchers easily find information about the cloud services that satisfy the guidelines in genome medical science communities. Additionally, we explore whether many cloud service providers satisfy the requirements or checklist items in the cloud service checklist for genome medical research by evaluating their survey responses.
Emergent microrobotic oscillators via asymmetry-induced order
Authors: Yang Jing Fan , Berrueta Thomas A. , Brooks Allan M. , Liu Albert Tianxiang , Zhang Ge , Gonzalez-Medrano David , Yang Sungyun , Koman Volodymyr B. , Chvykov Pavel , LeMar Lexy N. , Miskin Marc Z. , Murphey Todd D. , Strano Michael S.
Published: October 2022

Spontaneous oscillations on the order of several hertz are the drivers of many crucial processes in nature. From bacterial swimming to mammal gaits, converting static energy inputs into slowly oscillating power is key to the autonomy of organisms across scales. However, the fabrication of slow micrometre-scale oscillators remains a major roadblock towards fully-autonomous microrobots. Here, we study a low-frequency oscillator that emerges from a collective of active microparticles at the air-liquid interface of a hydrogen peroxide drop. Their interactions transduce ambient chemical energy into periodic mechanical motion and on-board electrical currents. Surprisingly, these oscillations persist at larger ensemble sizes only when a particle with modified reactivity is added to intentionally break permutation symmetry. We explain such emergent order through the discovery of a thermodynamic mechanism for asymmetry-induced order. The on-board power harvested from the stabilised oscillations enables the use of electronic components, which we demonstrate by cyclically and synchronously driving a microrobotic arm. This work highlights a new strategy for achieving low-frequency oscillations at the microscale, paving the way for future microrobotic autonomy.
Structural and functional analysis of EntV reveals a 12 amino acid fragment protective against fungal infections
Authors: Cruz Melissa R. , Cristy Shane , Guha Shantanu , De Cesare Giuseppe Buda , Evdokimova Elena , Sanchez Hiram , Borek Dominika , Miramón Pedro , Yano Junko , Fidel Paul L. , Savchenko Alexei , Andes David R. , Stogios Peter J. , Lorenz Michael C. , Garsin Danielle A.
Published: October 2022

Fungal pathogens are a continuing challenge due to few effective antifungals and a rise in resistance. In previous work, we described the inhibition of Candida albicans virulence following exposure to the 68 amino acid bacteriocin, EntV, secreted by Enterococcus faecalis. Here, to optimize EntV as a potential therapeutic and better understand its antifungal features, an X-ray structure is obtained. The structure consists of six alpha helices enclosing a seventh 16 amino acid helix (α7). The individual helices are tested for antifungal activity using in vitro and nematode infection assays. Interestingly, α7 retains antifungal, but not antibacterial activity and is also effective against Candida auris and Cryptococcus neoformans. Further reduction of α7 to 12 amino acids retains full antifungal activity, and excellent efficacy is observed in rodent models of C. albicans oropharyngeal, systemic, and venous catheter infections. Together, these results showcase EntV-derived peptides as promising candidates for antifungal therapeutic development.
Mitochondrial network configuration influences sarcomere and myosin filament structure in striated muscles
Authors: Katti Prasanna , Hall Alexander S. , Parry Hailey A. , Ajayi Peter T. , Kim Yuho , Willingham T. Bradley , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Wen Han , Glancy Brian
Published: October 2022

Sustained muscle contraction occurs through interactions between actin and myosin filaments within sarcomeres and requires a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from nearby mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how different physical configurations between sarcomeres and mitochondria alter the energetic support for contractile function. Here, we show that sarcomere cross-sectional area (CSA) varies along its length in a cell type-dependent manner where the reduction in Z-disk CSA relative to the sarcomere center is closely coordinated with mitochondrial network configuration in flies, mice, and humans. Further, we find myosin filaments near the sarcomere periphery are curved relative to interior filaments with greater curvature for filaments near mitochondria compared to sarcoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we demonstrate variable myosin filament lattice spacing between filament ends and filament centers in a cell type-dependent manner. These data suggest both sarcomere structure and myofilament interactions are influenced by the location and orientation of mitochondria within muscle cells.
Allochthonous material originating from saprolite as a marker of termite activity in Ferralsols
Authors: Bruand Ary , Reatto Adriana , de Souza Martins Éder
Published: October 2022

Ferralsols, which are estimated to cover 7.5 millions km2worldwide, are deeply weathered red or yellow soils found in the humid tropics. They are considered as the end of a geochemical sequence of weathering and are dominated by low-activity clay and sesquioxides. Their physical properties are closely related to their strong submillimetric granular structure. We aimed to characterize the 2:1 clay minerals identified in many Ferralsols and to discuss them as a marker of soil-feeding termite activity in Ferralsols. We present results recorded with Brazilian Ferralsols developed under Cerrado native vegetation on a range of parent materials. It was found that the 2:1 minerals vary from weakly weathered muscovite to hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite, sometimes associated to a fine material with a chemical composition highly different from that of the groundmass of the surrounding submillimetric granular aggregates. Results show that both 2:1 minerals and the associated fine material have to be considered as allochthonous material originating from the saprolite and were brought to the Ferralsol by soil-feeding termite activity. This confirms the major role of termites in the properties of Ferralsols and raises questions about the possible consequences of land use change which usually deeply affects soil biodiversity.
Study on multi field coupling numerical simulation of nitrogen injection in goaf and fire-fighting technology
Authors: Wang Wei , Qi Yun , Liu Jiao
Published: October 2022

In order to effectively prevent the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf, taking the 10,101 fully mechanized top coal caving face of Baozigou coal mine as research object, the multi-field coupling numerical model of nitrogen injection in goaf is established. The FLUENT software is used to study the variation law of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf under dynamic mining of working face with different nitrogen injection parameters, determining the range of spontaneous combustion zone in stable stage. The fitting curve between nitrogen injection parameters and width of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf is obtained. Results show that with the increase of nitrogen injection depth from 10 to 60 m, the width of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf begins to decrease gradually, yet the width of spontaneous combustion zone tends to expand after more than 40 m. When the nitrogen injection location is 40 m, the spontaneous combustion zone width decreases from 49 to 22 m as the nitrogen injection volume increases from 500 to 1000 m3/h. Nitrogen injection continuously reduces the area of high temperature zone and temperature extreme value. When the nitrogen injection parameter is set to (40 m–1000 m3/h), temperature extreme value decreases by 308.85 K compared with that without nitrogen injection. When the nitrogen injection parameter is (40 m–690 m3/h), it can meet the inert cooling requirements of goaf. The width of spontaneous combustion zone is 31 m and the temperature extreme value is 309.95 K at the moment. Finally, engineering application of the fire prevention technology combining shot-off loss wind and nitrogen injection is used to test effect of spontaneous combustion prevention and verify accuracy of nitrogen injection simulation. CO concentration at the measuring point 1, 3 and 5 are reduced to 0 × 10−3‰, 2 × 10−3‰ and 1.2 × 10−3‰, and temperature are reduced to 295.15 K, 296.15 K and 295.65 K respectively. It shows that the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf has been successfully controlled.
Spectroscopic and mechanistic insights into solvent mediated excited-state proton transfer and aggregation-induced emission: introduction of methyl group onto 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Yuanyue , Feng Xiaoqing , Zhao Yanying
Published: October 2022

2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzoxazole(HBO-pCH3), a solvatochromic benzoxazole-based probe, exhibited a typical dual fluorescence phenomenon, high fluorescence quantum yield, red-shifted emission and large Stokes’ shiftviathe ESIPT in solvents.
The electronic properties of non-conventional α-graphyne nanoribbons
Authors: Oliveira Thainá Araújo , Silva Paloma Vieira , Girão Eduardo Costa
Published: October 2022

We study the electronic and transport properties of non-conventional graphyne nanoribbons with spin-polarized states, highlighting spin-filtering and spin-switching mechanisms.
Reduced nucleophilicity: an intrinsic property of the Lewis base atom interacting with H in hydrogen-bonds with Lewis acids HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CCH, CP)
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Legon Anthony
Published: October 2022

Equilibrium hydrogen-bond dissociation energies De for the process B⋯HX = B + HX are calculated at the CCSD(T)(F12c)/cc-pVDZ-F12 level for ∼190 complexes B⋯HX. Reduced nucleophilicities of Lewis bases B are determined.
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-emitting small organic molecules for cancer imaging and therapy
Authors: Li Hui , Kim Yujun , Jung Hyoje , Hyun Ji Young , Shin Injae
Published: October 2022

We discuss recent advances made in the development of NIR fluorescence-emitting small organic molecules for tumor imaging and therapy.
Efficacy of thermal hydrolysis for boosting specific methane yield depending on temperature-normalized solids retention time in an activated sludge process
Authors: Rühl J. , Agrawal S. , Engelhart M.
Published: October 2022

Assessing the efficacy of thermal hydrolysis of waste activated sludge in terms of boosting specific methane yield by using a normalized solids retention time of the activated sludge process.
Folic acid modified UiO-66 nano drug carrier for combination therapy
Authors: Xu Jin , Chen Li , Shu Wen , Zhang Fang-Zhong , Xie Bao-Xuan , Wang Hai-Shuang , Wang Yu-Lin , Lin Rong-Guang
Published: October 2022

The drug delivery system which called RB-Drug@UiO-66-FA can release anticancer drugs slowly in an acidic environment, and generate 1O2 under light exposure, achieving the effect of chemotherapy–photodynamic therapy.
Zn-doped hydroxyapatite@g-C3N4: a novel efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst for degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants
Authors: Kalita Juri , Bharali Linkon , Dhar Siddhartha S.
Published: October 2022

Heterojunction formation has been shown to be an effective technique for tuning nanomaterial features such as chemical reactivity and optical performance.
Direct α-methylenation of triazines to terminal olefins with DMA
Authors: Zeng Ming , Liu Yi-xuan , Zheng Jian-hui , Zhao Lan , Zhu Qi-han , Jiang Dengzhao , Ling Yun , Liu Wenbo , Zeng Shen-xin
Published: October 2022

We report an efficient metal (Cu or Ni)-catalysed α-methylenation of triazines to terminal olefins using DMA as a one-carbon source. Various substituted triazine derivatives are suitable for this reaction.
Synthesizing the biochemical and semiconductor worlds: the future of nucleic acid nanotechnology
Authors: Majikes Jacob M. , Liddle J. Alexander
Published: October 2022

Since its inception nearly 40 years ago [Kallenbach, et al., Nature, 1983, 305, 829; N. C. Seeman, J. Theoretical Biology, 1982, 99, 237], Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology (NAN) has matured and is beginning to find commercial applications.
Chain transfer agents for the catalytic ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornenes
Authors: Mandal Indradip , Mandal Ankita , Rahman Md Atiur , Kilbinger Andreas F. M.
Published: October 2022

Using a highly reactive chain transfer agent we show that norbornenes and its derivatives can be polymerized catalytically with ruthenium complex savings up to 300-times the amount required in a classical ROMP polymerization.
Elastogranular columns and beams
Authors: Guerra Arman , Lautzenhiser Casey , Jiang Xin , Flanagan Kate , Rak David , Tibbits Skylar , Holmes Douglas P.
Published: October 2022

Columns and beams, prepared from only rocks and string, can bear significant loads, enabling the formation of reusable and adaptable structures.
Central engine of GRB170817A: Neutron star versus Kerr black hole based on multimessenger calorimetry and event timing
Authors: van Putten Maurice H. P. M. , Della Valle Massimo
Published: October 2022

Context.LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observations may identify the remnant of compact binary coalescence and core-collapse supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts. The multimessenger event GW170817–GRB170817A appears ripe for this purpose thanks to its fortuitous close proximity at 40 Mpc. Its post-merger emission, ℰGW, in a descending chirp can potentially break the degeneracy in spin-down of a neutron star or black hole remnant by the relatively large energy reservoir in the angular momentum,EJ, of the latter according to the Kerr metric.

Aims.The complex merger sequence of GW170817 is probed for the central engine of GRB170817A by multimessenger calorimetry and event timing.

Methods.We used model-agnostic spectrograms with equal sensitivity to ascending and descending chirps generated by time-symmetric butterfly matched filtering. The sensitivity was calibrated by response curves generated by software injection experiments, covering a broad range in energies and timescales. The statistical significance for candidate emission from the central engine of GRB170817A is expressed by probabilities of false alarm (PFA; type I errors) derived from an event-timing analysis. Probability density functions (PDF) were derived for start-timets, identified via high-resolution image analyses of the available spectrograms. For merged (H1,L1)-spectrograms of the LIGO detectors, a PFAp1derives from causality intsgiven GW170817–GRB17081A (contextual). A statistically independent confirmation is presented in individual H1 and L1 analyses, quantified by a second PFAp2of consistency in their respective observations ofts(acontextual). A combined PFA derives from their product since the mean and (respectively) the difference in timing are statistically independent.

Results.Applied to GW170817–GRB170817A, PFAs of event timing intsproducep1 = 8.3 × 10−4andp2 = 4.9 × 10−5of a post-merger output ℰGW≃ 3.5%M⊙c2(p1p2 = 4.1 × 10−8, equivalentZ-score 5.48). ℰGWexceedsEJof the hyper-massive neutron star in the immediate aftermath of GW170817, yet it is consistent withEJrejuvenated in gravitational collapse to a Kerr black hole. Similar emission may be expected from energetic core-collapse supernovae producing black holes of interest to upcoming observational runs by LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA.
Towards Integrated Single Photon Avalanche Detectors for Visible Light (Invited)
Authors: Long Ang Thomas Yong , Rong Ong Jun , Hong Ng Ray Jia , Thor Lim Soon , Rei Lee Trevor , Leong Victor , Yanikgonul Salih , Yohanes Siew Shawn , Prithvi Gundlapalli , Wang Hong , Krivitsky Leonid , Eng Png Ching
Published: October 2022

Integrated avalanche photodetectors (APDs) are essential and ubiquitous devices in quantum photonics applications. While free-space APDs are a mature technology, the development of integrated APDs for visible light is still in its infancy. In this invited talk, we review our work on integrated photodetectors – the Germanium photodetector for O band, and the first integrated silicon (Si) APD for visible light. A unique feature of the integrated Si APD system for visible light is the end-fire coupling between the silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide and the Si APD in the same layer. This allows for broadband and high-efficiency coupling of light from the SiN waveguide to the Si APD for light detection, without the drawbacks of conventional interlayer coupling. Our work on integrated Si APDs based on Geiger-mode and our progress towards achieving single photon detection for visible light is discussed in the talk.
Linearly modulated multi-focal diffractive lens for multi-sheet excitation of flow-driven samples in a light-sheet fluorescence microscope
Authors: Hofmann Meike , Gharbi Ghebjagh Shima , Fan Chao , Feng Yuchao , Lemke Karen , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: October 2022

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with single light-sheet illumination enables rapid 3Dimaging of living cells. In this paper we show the design, fabrication and characterization of a diffractive optical element producing several light sheets along an inclined tube for applications in flow-driven imaging. The element, which is based on a multi-focal Fresnel zone plate and a linear grating, generates in combination with a refractive cylindrical lens five thin light sheets of equal intensity.
Wide-field broadband CARS microscopy
Authors: Ceconello Chiara , Vernuccio Federico , De la Cadena Alejandro , Bresci Arianna , Manetti Francesco , Das Subir , Vanna Renzo , Cerullo Giulio , Polli Dario
Published: October 2022

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is an extremely powerful non-linear optical (NLO) microscopy technique for label-free vibrational imaging allowing for a detailed study of biological samples in their native state. To overcome the long acquisition times associated with raster sample scanning required in NLO microscopy, which impair real-time investigation of fast biological dynamics, we employ here wide-field signal generation over a large field of view, covering tens of micrometers. To this aim, we exploit an innovative approach based on the use of an amplified femtosecond ytterbium laser source delivering high energy (≈μJ) pulses in the near infrared. This enables the generation of stable broadband Stokes pulses to measure the entire fingerprint region of the molecular vibrational spectrum, the richest in chemical information. Our results pave the way for future translational applications and clinical diagnostics with video-rate imaging capabilities. ©2022 The Authors
Determination of a source’s temporal coherence function via depolarization in liquid crystal
Authors: Hernández Cely Cristian Eduardo , Torres Amaris Rafael Ángel
Published: October 2022

Based on the fact that the degree of polarization of a light source is given in terms of the absolute value of its complex degree of coherence, we design a depolarization experiment using a variable retarder in which we measured the degree of polarization as a function of the retarder’s birefringence. We show that if the incident light is previously linearly polarized we can perform a direct measurement of the light source’s coherence using a Stokes meter.
Le développement et la structuration de la recherche sur le handicap et la perte d’autonomie en France : État des lieux de l’IReSP
Authors: Bellouze Sarah
Published: October 2022

Plus d’un milliard de personnes, soit environ 15 % de la population mondiale [1], présentent une forme
ou une autre de handicap. Selon l’enquête Handicap-Santé 2008 de l’INSEE, à l’échelle nationale,
11,5 millions de personnes sont en perte d’autonomie ou en situation de handicap, soit 17,9 % de la
population française. Devant le nombre croissant de personnes reconnues en situation de handicap, et
leurs besoins et attentes insuffisamment couverts par les politiques et normes existantes, il convient
de mettre en place des politiques publiques adaptées et pouvant bénéficier au plus grand nombre.
L’accès à des aides ou dispositifs de droit commun par les personnes en situation de handicap suppose
une planification efficace des politiques publiques et une mise en œuvre adaptée à tous les niveaux
(national, régional et local) et dans tous les secteurs (santé, éducation, emploi, habitat, protection
sociale, transport, etc.). L’inclusion de ces personnes suppose également la mise en place de mesures
spécifiques et de services ciblés.

La recherche sur le handicap et la perte d’autonomie permet aux décideurs publics de mieux appréhender
les enjeux et problématiques auxquels sont confrontées les personnes en situation de handicap. Ils
s’appuient ensuite sur les résultats obtenus par cette recherche pour orienter l’action publique.
Le soutien à la recherche sur le handicap et la perte d’autonomie a fait émerger un milieu de
recherche diversifié et pluridisciplinaire, mais ce champ de recherche s’est inégalement développé
selon le type de handicap.

Ce numéro de Question de Santé Publique a pour objectif de synthétiser un état des lieux de la
recherche française sur le handicap et la perte d’autonomie.
Machines à voir, machines à penser : écosystème robotique situé pour la conception architecturale
Authors: Masbernat Raphaël , Bigot-Doll Églantine , Fouillat Maxime , Sulmont Elisabeth , Pacquelet François , Chevalier Antoine , Pereira Naomi , Blanc Chloé
Published: October 2022

L’équipe cobotique du MAP-Aria a développé un dispositif de prototypage robotique à petite échelle visant à exacerber les dimensions tactile et proprioceptive de l’expérience de conception. Nous programmons et expérimentons des protocoles de fabrication additive mis en orbite dans une boucle feedback en tant que capture analogique sur l’environnement par un robot 6-axes modifiant pas à pas la trajectoire du système. De ce «machine behavior» résulte un «design behavior» à travers la mise au point d’instruments haptiques et la production d’objets en série. Le processus de conception intègre alors dès ses premières itérations une perception approfondie des écarts et des résonances entre objets numériques simulés et artefacts physiques fabriqués. Navigant entre nécessité de simulation située et volonté de fiction, la mise en oeuvre de schèmes technologiques ouverts à la reprogrammation et à l’indétermination rencontre les activités fécondes de bricolage et d’improvisation, de spatialisation et de fabulation propres au moment de conception.
A virtual chromoendoscopy artificial intelligence system to detect endoscopic and histologic activity/remission and predict clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Cannatelli Rosanna , Parigi Tommaso L. , Iacucci Marietta , Nardone Olga M. , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Labarile Nunzia , Buda Andrea , Rimondi Alessandro , Bazarova Alina , Bisschops Raf , del Amor Rocio , Meseguer Pablo , Naranjo Valery , Ghosh Subrata , Grisan Enrico ,   on behalf of the PICaSSO group
Published: October 2022

Background Endoscopic and histological remission (ER, HR) are therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) improves endoscopic assessment and the prediction of histology; however, interobserver variability limits standardized endoscopic assessment. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) tool to distinguish ER/activity, and predict histology and risk of flare from white-light endoscopy (WLE) and VCE videos.

Methods 1090 endoscopic videos (67 280 frames) from 283 patients were used to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN). UC endoscopic activity was graded by experts using the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Paddington International virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre (PICaSSO). The CNN was trained to distinguish ER/activity on endoscopy videos, and retrained to predict HR/activity, defined according to multiple indices, and predict outcome; CNN and human agreement was measured.

Results The AI system detected ER (UCEIS ≤ 1) in WLE videos with 72 % sensitivity, 87 % specificity, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.85; for detection of ER in VCE videos (PICaSSO ≤ 3), the sensitivity was 79 %, specificity 95 %, and the AUROC 0.94. The prediction of HR was similar between WLE and VCE videos (accuracies ranging from 80 % to 85 %). The model’s stratification of risk of flare was similar to that of physician-assessed endoscopy scores.

Conclusions Our system accurately distinguished ER/activity and predicted HR and clinical outcome from colonoscopy videos. This is the first computer model developed to detect inflammation/healing on VCE using the PICaSSO and the first computer tool to provide endoscopic, histologic, and clinical assessment.
A importância da realização do teste de ácidos nucleicos (NAT) para a prevenção de contaminação viral nos transplantes de tecidos musculoesqueléticos
Authors: Corsi Carlos Alexandre Curylofo , Luiz Alan Vinicius Assunção , Cintra Álefe Saloum , Scarpelini Katia Carmen Gabriel , Bento Rodolfo Leandro , Garcia Flávio Luis , Picado Celso Herminio Ferraz , Martins Luís Gustavo Gazoni
Published: October 2022

Objetivo Evidenciar a importância da realização do teste de ácido nucleico (NAT, na sigla em inglês) para doação de tecidos musculoesqueléticos, assim como comparar a sensibilidade deste exame nas diferentes plataformas existentes no mercado.

Método Trata-se de um levantamento retrospectivo no banco de dados de um determinado Banco de Tecidos Humanos e de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, operacionalizada nos últimos 10 anos. As buscas de artigos ocorreram no portal PubMed e nas bases de dados SCOPUS, CINAHL e Web of Science.

Resultados Não foram encontrados estudos específicos sobre a utilização e a sensibilidade do exame NAT em pacientes doadores de tecidos com morte encefálica (ME), sendo as informações apresentadas no presente estudo conteúdos específicos destinados à Hemorrede Transfusional Nacional e aos dados retrospectivos internos de um Banco de Tecidos do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Conclusões O exame NAT se apresenta efetivo em amostras de sangue de pacientes vivos. Porém, reações bioquímicas em pacientes com condições de ME podem se apresentar de formas diferenciadas, tornando-se indispensáveis a realização de pesquisas específicas e/ou a indicação de plataformas aos Bancos de Tecidos.