bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publication-based analysis of miR-210 dependent biomarkers of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Tkachenko Alexander , Illarionov Roman , Vashukova Elena , Glotov Andrei
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers of most pregnancy complications. In recent years, miR-210 has been shown as one of the main biomarkers, detected at different stages of pregnancy and associated with various diseases, including pre-eclampsia (PE). However, miR-210 is not reported as a marker of PE in about half of the studies. We filtered available published RNA-seq data and miRNAs associated with PE, including or excluding miR-210, obtained from the PregMiR database. For further analysis we only considered miRNAs appearing in at least four different studies. We observed that miR-152, miR-1 and miR-193b were only detected in studies with a changed miR-210 level, whereas miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-130a and miR-519b were detected in studies without miRNA-210 differential expression. Common biomarkers of PE are miR-182, miR-126, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-18a, miR-195, miR-21, miR-223, miR-335, miR-517c, miR-518b, miR-518e and let-7f. Based on the obtained data and taking into account the direction of differential miRNA expression, it can be assumed that the most likely mechanisms of PE development in the early pregnancy stage are either upregulation of miR-210, miR-152, miR-518b and downregulation of miR-126; or upregulation of miR-126 and downregulation of miR-182 and miR-518b. Late stages of PE are determined by miR-210, miR-152, miR-518b, miR-21, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-182, miR-193b-3p, miR-517c, miR-518e (upregulation) and miR-126, miR-18a, miR-195, miR-223, let-7f (downregulation); or miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-130a and miR-519d, miR-517c, miR-518e miR-155, miR-126, miR-181a, miR-195 (upregulation) and miR-223, miR-18a, miR-182 (downregulation). The presented results allow speculation about the influence of certain miRNAs on PE development in the context of the presence or absence of miR-210 differential expression, but additional experimental studies are required to evaluate the findings.
A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Hypericin in Foods, Herbal, Biological and Pharmaceutical Matrices
Authors: de Araújo Patricia Rocha , Fonseca-Santos Bruno , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes , Chorilli Marlus
Published: May 2020

Aims:

A review of analytical methods for the determination of hypericin in foods, herbal, biological
and pharmaceutical matrices.

Background:

Hypericin (HYP) is a naturally-occurring pigment obtained from some plants of the genus Hypericum.
Although HYP has been known for many years, it has recently attracted attention due to its varied biological
properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activity and it is also an efficient photosensitizer.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to provide insights into the physicochemical properties of HYP, as well
as to report the analytical methods existing in the literature and official compendia for different matrices.

Methods:

The survey data were collected by Google Scholar® and Scopus® using keys terms.

Result:

Analytical methods involving HYP are mainly concerned with the quality control of pharmaceutical
preparations, foods, beverages, biological samples and drug delivery systems using different types of analysis
methods. Some difficulties have also been identified due to the physicochemical properties of HYP. It presents
great solubility in alkaline solutions, organic bases and common polar organic solvents.

Conclusion:

It can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography, spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region, but the
most commonly used method is by HPLC. HYP presents monographs in the American, British and European
Pharmacopoeias, however, the methods of analysis are not yet harmonized.
Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool
Authors: Nagra Uzair , Shabbir Maryam , Zaman Muhammad , Mahmood Asif , Barkat Kashif
Published: May 2020

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various
fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles
[MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or
green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and
cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs,
including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites
present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation
methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant,
anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via
top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible
biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also
highlighted in this review.
The Role of Antithrombotic Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Chrysohoou Christina , Magkas Nikolaos , Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Manolakou Panagiota , Laina Aggeliki , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: May 2020

:

Heart failure is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality burden affecting approximately
1-2% of adults in developed countries, mounting to over 10% in individuals aged >70 years old. Heart failure is
characterized by a prothrombotic state and increased rates of stroke and thromboembolism have been reported in
heart failure patients compared with the general population. However, the impact of antithrombotic therapy on
heart failure remains controversial. Administration of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is the obvious (and
well-established) choice in heart failure patients with cardiovascular comorbidity that necessitates their use, such
as coronary artery disease or atrial fibrillation. In contrast, antithrombotic therapy has not demonstrated any clear
benefit when administered for heart failure per se, i.e. with heart failure being the sole indication. Randomized
studies have reported decreased stroke rates with warfarin use in patients with heart failure with reduced left
ventricular ejection fraction, but at the expense of excessive bleeding. Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants have
shown a better safety profile in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation compared with warfarin, however,
current evidence about their role in heart failure with sinus rhythm is inconclusive and further research is needed.
In the present review, we discuss the role of antithrombotic therapy in heart failure (beyond coronary artery disease),
aiming to summarize evidence regarding the thrombotic risk and the role of antiplatelet and anticoagulant
agents in patients with heart failure.
Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Turner’s Syndrome
Authors: Kostopoulou Eirini , Bosdou Julia K. , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Stevenson John C. , Goulis Dimitrios G.
Published: May 2020

Turner’s or Turner syndrome (TS) is the most prevalent chromosomal abnormality in live female
births. Patients with TS are predisposed to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly due to the
frequently observed congenital structural cardiovascular defects, such as valvular and aortic abnormalities (coarctation,
dilatation, and dissection). The increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as arterial hypertension,
insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, central obesity, and increased carotid intima-media
thickness, also contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in TS patients. Menopausal hormone therapy
(MHT) is the treatment of choice, combined with growth hormone (GH). Although MHT may, in general, ameliorate
CVD risk factors, its effect on CVD mortality in TS has not yet been established. The exact effect of GH on
these parameters has not been clarified. Specific considerations should be provided in TS cases during pregnancy,
due to the higher risk of CVD complications, such as aortic dissection. Optimal cardiovascular monitoring, including
physical examination, electrocardiogram, CVD risk factor assessment, and transthoracic echocardiography,
is recommended. Moreover, the cardiac magnetic resonance from the age of 12 years is recommended due to
the high risk of aortic aneurysm and other anatomical vascular complications.
Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Clinical Updates, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Razonable Raymund R.
Published: May 2020

Cytomegalovirus is the classic opportunistic infection after solid organ transplantation. This review
will discuss updates and future directions in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CMV infection in solid
organ transplant recipients. Antiviral prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are the mainstays of CMV prevention,
but they should not be mutually exclusive and each strategy should be considered depending on a specific situation.
The lack of a widely applicable viral load threshold for diagnosis and preemptive therapy is emphasized as a
major factor that should pave the way for an individualized approach to prevention. Valganciclovir and intravenous
ganciclovir remain as drugs of choice for CMV management, and strategies for managing drug-resistant
CMV infection are enumerated. There is increasing use of CMV-specific cell-mediated immune assays to stratify
the risk of CMV infection after solid organ transplantation, and their potential role in optimizing CMV prevention
and treatment efforts is discussed.
Chemoresistance in High-Grade Gliomas: Relevance of Adenosine Signalling in Stem-Like Cells of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Garrido Wallys , Rocha Jose Dellis , Jaramillo Catherinne , Fernandez Katia , Oyarzun Carlos , Martin Rody San , Quezada Claudia
Published: May 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common glial cell-derived brain tumour, with one of the worst prognoses among all cancers. GBM cells are infiltrative and extremely resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, which inevitably leads to recurrence after surgical resection. These inherent GBM properties are the reasons that patient treatment has not seen major improvements in decades. Studies have consistently shown that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are responsible for the tumourigenic properties in the GBM population. In fact, their self-renewal and proliferative potential are required for tumour growth, and their extreme chemoresistance leads to early recurrence of this tumour. Among those mechanisms associated with chemoresistance and having the greatest clinical impact in cancer treatment, are the activities of plasma membrane transporters that extrude antitumour drugs from the cell, thus notably decreasing the pharmacological efficiency of these drugs. The multiple drug resistance associated protein-1 (Mrp1) transporter has been shown to be particularly important in GBM, as inhibition of Mrp1 activity notably chemosensitises cells to antiproliferative drugs. As current therapeutic options for GBM offer only a poor improvement in overall survival rate, alternative strategies for overcoming tumour resistance are urgently sought after. To this end, it is of major clinical relevance to know more about the endogenous modulators that control Mrp1 expression within the pathological environment of the tumour. This review describes the particular properties of glioblastoma cells that overcome multimodal therapy and relapse, with an emphasis on the microenvironmental tumour properties that influence the chemoresistance phenotype to antiproliferative drugs. We also discuss alternative methods of reversal of Mrp1-mediated chemoresistance in these cells by targeting extracellular adenosine production or signalling through particular plasma membrane receptors.
Nanotheranostics in Evidence Based Personalized Medicine
Authors: Sharma Sushil
Published: May 2020

Efficient drug delivery systems are exceedingly important for novel drug discovery. The evidence-based personalized medicine (EBPM) promises to deliver the right drug at the right time to a right patient as it covers clinicallysignificant genetic predisposition and chronopharmacological aspects of nanotheranostics. Recently nanotechnology has provided clinically-significant information at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level to facilitate evidence-based personalized treatment. Particularly drug encapsulation in pegylated liposomes has improved pharmacodynamics of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Long-circulating liposomes and block copolymers concentrate slowly via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in the solid tumors and are highly significant for the drug delivery in cancer chemotherapeutics. Selective targeting of siRNA and oligonucleotides to tumor cells with a potential to inhibit multi-drug resistant (MDR) malignancies has also shown promise.

In addition, implantable drug delivery devices have improved the treatment of several chronic diseases. Recently, microRNA, metallothioneins (MTs), α-synuclein index, and Charnoly body (CB) have emerged as novel drug discovery biomarkers. Hence CB antagonists-loaded ROSscavenging targeted nanoparticles (NPs) may be developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Nonspecific induction of CBs in the hyper-proliferative cells may cause alopecia, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, and infertility. Therefore selective CB agonists may be developed to augment cancer stem cell specific CB formation to eradicate MDR malignancies with minimum or no adverse effects. This review highlights recent advances on safe, economical, and effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer by adopting emerging nanotheranostic strategies to accomplish EBPM.
Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, A Potential Drug Target for Protection of Heart and Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Luo Xiu-Ju , Liu Bin , Ma Qi-Lin , Peng Jun
Published: May 2020

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is an isoenzyme of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), a group of enzymes that are responsible for clearance of aldehydes in the body. In animal myocardial or cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) models, accumulation of toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde, is thought to be an important mechanism for myocardial and cerebral I/R injury. Among the isoenzymes of ALDH, ALDH2 is believed to play a major role in clearance of toxic aldehydes. Thus, ALDH2 might be a potential drug target for protection of the heart or brain from I/R injury. Indeed, some of the newly identified ALDH2 activators (such as Alda-1) have demonstrated beneficial effects on heart and brain I/R injury. In addition, ALDH activity is present at high levels in some stem or progenitor cells, known as ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cells, which possess potential value in treating patients with myocardial ischemia. The main purpose of this review is 1) to summarize recent findings regarding the role of ALDH2 in protection of heart or brain from I/R injury, 2) to list the available ALDH2 activators with their potency, selectivity and clinical potentials, and 3) to provide a rationale for ALDHbr cells in clinical therapeutic value.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) as a Liquid Biopsy Material and Drug Target
Authors: Cai Liang-Liang , Ye Hui-Ming , Zheng Li-Mou , Ruan Run-Sheng , Tzeng Chi-Meng
Published: May 2020

Neuro-hormonal regulation of cardiac function via cathecol-amines results in increased heart rate and contractility. A persistent adrenergic tone, however, is an insult to the heart, affecting its regular homeostasis, altering morphology and gene expression patterns, as well as inducing apoptosis of cardio-myocytes. At the same time as being the main oxygen consumers, mitochondria are also key to the energy production required for the heart to maintain its vital functions and to integrate a series of signaling pathways that define the life and death of the cell. As α-adrenergic receptors (α-AR) orchestrate multiple biochemical events that can either trigger or inhibit cell death, mitochondria can act as a referee in the entire process. In fact, α-AR subtypes α1 and α2 activate various down-stream pathways which differently modulate intracellular calcium levels and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The delicate balance between an adaptive (cardio-protective) response resulting in increased contractility and activation of survival pathways, vs. cell death caused by calcium and ROS-induced mitochondrial disruption, along with evidence of their clinical and potential therapeutic translations, are reviewed in this communication.
Role of Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Pathogenesis of Diseases and Remedy for the Diseases from Natural Products
Authors: Takahashi Katsuhiko , Shimizu Taiki , Kosaka Keita , Hidaka Masafumi , Uchida Chiyoko , Uchida Takafumi
Published: May 2020

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1, the human ortholog of yeast Ess1 specifically isomerizes peptide bindings of pSer/pThr-Pro residues in various proteins, and regulates the expression levels and functions of phosphorylated proteins. Activation of Pin1 is associated with pathology of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, infectious diseases and so on. Therefore, regulatory compounds for Pin1 can be applied as a clinical medicine against these diseases. Many chemists have exerted themselves to synthesize the inhibitors based on the 3D structure of Pin1. We have screened for the inhibitors against Pin1 from the natural products including the functional foods. Here we review the Pin1-associated pathology and the known inhibitors identified from natural products. And we introduce the screening methods targeting Pin1 activity.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dimethyl Cardamonin (DMC) Derivatives as P-glycoprotein-mediated Multidrug Resistance Reversal Agents
Authors: Shi Ximeng , Zhao Yuyu , Zhou Licheng , Yin Huanhuan , Liu Jianwen , Ma Lei
Published: May 2020

Background:

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been regarded as an important factor in the multidrug
resistance (MDR) of tumor cells within the last decade, which can be solved by inhibiting Pgp
to reverse MDR. Thus, it is an effective strategy to develop inhibitor of P-gp.

Objective:

In this study, the synthesis of a series of derivatives had been carried out by bioisosterism
design on the basis of Dimethyl Cardamonin (DMC). Subsequently, we evaluated their reversal activities
as potential P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR) agents.

Methods:

Dimethyl cardamonin derivatives were synthesized from acetophenones and the corresponding
benzaldehydes in the presence of 40% KOH by Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Their cytotoxicity
and reversal activities in vitro were assessed with MTT. Moreover, the compound B4 was evaluated
by Doxorubicin (DOX) accumulation, Western blot and wound-healing assays deeply.

Results and Conclusion:

The results showed that compounds B2, B4 and B6 had the potency of
MDR reversers with little intrinsic cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, these compounds also demonstrated the
capability to inhibit MCF-7 and MCF-7/DOX cells migration. Besides, the most compound B4 was
selected for further study, which promoted the accumulation of DOX in MCF-7/DOX cells and inhibited
the expressionof P-gp at protein levels.

Conclusion:

The above findings may provide new insights for the research and development of Pgp-
mediated MDR reversal agents.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 1- substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Isik Erkut , Astley Demet , Yuksekdanaci Seda , Yasa Ihsan
Published: May 2020

Background:

Benzimidazole derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds
in organic chemistry as they are related to a wide range of biological properties, including
antimicrobial activity.

Methods:

A series of 1-naphthoyl and benzoyl benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised, identified
and screened for their antimicrobial activities against a number of different test organisms such
as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus
faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans (yeast).

Results and Discussion:

Benzimidazole derivatives (3a-d) were synthesised by using 4 different
aminoacids. L-methionine, L-isoleucine, D-Phenylysine and L-Phenylamine as starting materials in
the study. Experimental studies involve the use of benzimidazole derivatives (3a-d) of the selected
amino acids to synthesize the benzoyl and naphthoyl derivatives of benzimidazole (4a-d, 5a-c). The
structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, 1HNMR,
13C-NMR) and elemental analysis.

Conclusion:

In this study, only one compound (5a) showed a low MIC value against the eukaryotic
microorganism C. albicans. The other six compounds showed higher antimicrobial activities against
the prokaryotes C. albicans which is a normal flora in the mouth but is one of the organisms that
cause infections leading to the weakening of the human immune system. Compound 5a is a candidate
for future alternative antimicrobial drugs against C. albicans infections. In addition, compound
5a has a potential to be used as an inhibitor against P. aureginosa for the treatment of cystic
fibrosis.
Early Hospital Readmission in Patients With Tuberculosis: Social and Cultural Risk Factors
Authors: Valenzuela-Soltero Diana M. , Güereca-Alvarado Jesús A. , Pacheco-Barajas Murielle , Sánchez-Rebollar Nathaly , Laniado-Laborín Rafael
Published: May 2020

Background:

Few studies have focused on risk factors for early readmission in patients
with tuberculosis.

Objective:

Determine what are the risk factors for the early readmission of patients with tuberculosis
at General Tijuana Hospital, Mexico.

Material and methods:

All patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted with the confirmed
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis were prospectively included. Information was obtained on
demographic, socioeconomic variables, previous hospitalizations, clinical data, and laboratory and
radiographic studies.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-four patients with tuberculosis were included, and 24 of them
(17.9%) corresponded to early hospital readmissions. The interval between initial admission and
readmission was 1.45 ± 0.183 months. The readmission group had used illicit drugs for more years
(11.3 ± 13.9 years) than the new cases group (8.01 ± 8.25 years; p = 0.03). Forty percent of the
patients who were readmitted did not go to their referral health unit after their initial hospital
discharge. The reasons argued by the patients included, among others, not having received
information regarding their illness during hospitalization, the abuse of illegal substances and the
perception of hostility by health personnel.

Discussion:

One out of every five patients admitted for tuberculosis will be readmitted after only six
weeks of initial discharge. Sociocultural factors (addictions, comorbidities, poverty) and of the health
system (limited hours of medical care, accessibility) contribute to this phenomenon.

Conclusions:

Loss of follow-up after hospital discharge is common in most settings and contributes to
an increase in morbidity and mortality, and transmission of infection in the community.
Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinic
Authors: Zhou Jiyin , Zhang Zuo , Zhou Hongli , Qian Guisheng
Published: June 2020

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing cognitive dysfunction in the elderly
in the form of short-term memory and executive function impairment. Genetic and diet-induced
models of type 2 diabetes further support this link, displaying deficits in working memory, learning,
and memory performance. The risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction include vascular
disease, hypoglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adiposity, insulin resistance, lifestyle factors, and
genetic factors. Using neuronal imaging technologies, diabetic patients with cognitive dysfunction
show atrophy of the whole brain, particularly the grey matter, hippocampus and amygdala;
increased volume of the ventricular and white matter; brain infarcts; impaired network integrity;
abnormal microstructure; and reduced cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations.
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with cognitive dysfunction involves hyperglycaemia,
macrovascular and microvascular diseases, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis,
and disorders of neurotransmitters. Large clinical trials may offer further proof of biomarkers
and risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Advanced neuronal imaging technologies and
novel disease animal models will assist in elucidating the precise pathogenesis and to provide
better therapeutic interventions and treatment.
Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review
Authors: Talkar Swapnil S. , Patravale Vandana B.
Published: May 2020

Background:

According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer ranks second in
terms of mortality and is a front-runner of newly detected cases. Conventional therapies neither
eradicated cancer nor increased the life expectancy of patients obviating the need for less toxic as well
as efficient therapies to treat cancer. Gene therapy alone, or in combination with conventional therapies,
possesses a strong potential to combat cancer.

Methods:

This review encompasses a brief note on the etiology and conventional therapy of prostate
cancer with an emphasis on gene therapy and its suitability for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Results:

A comprehensive range of gene therapy approaches have been successfully explored for prostate
cancer treatment in animal models and this has been well translated into early clinical trials. We
have also discussed in brief about specific therapeutic genes and suitable vector systems for gene therapy
in prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

Based on the results of these clinical trials, the application of gene therapy in prostate
cancer therapeutics can be satisfactorily established.
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A New Therapeutic Era
Authors: Lassandro Giuseppe , Palladino Valentina , Vecchio Giovanni C.D. , Palmieri Viviana V. , Corallo Paola C. , Faienza Maria F. , Giordano Paola
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder
in childhood. The management of ITP in children is controversial, requiring personalized assessment
of patients and therapeutic choices. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), eltrombopag
and romiplostim, have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of pediatric ITP. The aim
of our research is to define the role of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the management of pediatric
ITP.

Methods:

This review focuses on the use of TPO-RAs in pediatric ITP, in randomized trials and in
clinical routine, highlighting their key role in the management of the disease.

Results:

Eltrombopag and romiplostim appear effective treatment options for children with ITP. Several
clinical studies have assessed that the use of TPO-RAs increases platelet count, decreases bleeding
symptoms and improves health-related quality of life. Moreover, TPO-RAs are well tolerated with
minor side effects.

Conclusion:

Although long term efficacy and safety of TPO-RAs still require further investigations,
their use is gradually expanding in the clinical practice of children with ITP.
Conceptual Framework to Mitigate Internet of Things-DDoS Attacks Using Fog Nodes
Authors: Gupta B.B. , Harish S.A.
Published: May 2020

Internet of Things has proven to maximize workflow and data sensing capabilities. Contrarily,
Distributed Denial of Service attacks that employ compromised Internet of Things devices
have caused considerable damage to the Information Technology infrastructure since their advent.
More specifically, Application-level attacks facilitated using affected Internet of Things devices are
found to be difficult to detect and defend against. Seemingly benign traffic from infected devices
exits the network edge to target a remote server. The conceptual framework described in this paper
attempts to mitigate malicious Internet of Things traffic at the source network. Fog nodes at the
source Autonomous System are utilized in tandem with a ratiometric that flags traffic as well as the
originating device as suspicious or benign based on traffic ratios calculated in real-time. Subsequently,
malicious traffic is blocked inside the Autonomous System. The burden of protecting the external
network from Distributed Denial of Service attacks is transferred to Fog nodes inherent to every
source network. The proposed conceptual defense framework is proactive and performs in real-time
attack scenarios.
The Security Implications of Brexit
Authors: CASIS
Published: May 2020

On February 20th, 2020, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its second roundtable in 2020 in partnership with the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian International Council (CIC), titled:  The Security Implications of Brexit. This presentation featured British Consul General Nicole Davison as speaker, and a case study focusing on the potential implications of the “Wexit” separatist movement on the West Coast of Canada.
Mental atlet Papua: Bagaimana karakteristik psikologis atlet atletik?
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro , Guntoro Tri Setyo , Putra Miftah Fariz Prima
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian tersebut adalah untuk mengungkap secara komprehensif karakteristik psikologis atlet atletik PPLP Papua. Penelitian deskriptif akan digunakan dalam studi ini dengan melibatkan seluruh atlet atletik yang tergabung dalam PPLP Provinsi Papua menjadi subjek penelitian (n = 20; laki-laki = 12; perempuan = 8). Atlet junior tersebut berada pada tingkat sekolah SMP dan SMA (17 SMA dan 3 SMP) dengan rentang usia 13 – 18 tahun ( = 16,6; s = 1,27). Terdapat tiga belas dimensi psikologis yang akan diungkap dengan menggunakan dua instrumen. Pertama, Psychological Skill Inventory For Sport (PSIS) yang terdiri dari 38 pernyataan dengan lima aternatif pilihan jawaban. Kedua, Invetori Kepribadian Atlet (IKA) yang terdiri dari 48 pernyataan dengan lima aternatif pilihan jawaban. Teknik analisis deskriptif seperti nilai rata-rata, nilai terendah dan tertinggi, serta standar deviasi akan digunakan. Hasil penelitian menemukan motivasi menjadi dimensi psikologis yang skornya paling tinggi yaitu 4,36, kemudian disusul dimensi komitmen (4,11) dan kerja keras (4,01). Terdapat dua dimensi yang skornya paling rendah, yaitu kontrol kecemasan (2,60) dan konsentrasi (2,83). Untuk dimensi psikologis lainnya seperti perhatian, kepercayaan, persiapan, ambisi prestatif, gigih, mandiri, cerdas, dan swakendali berada pada nilai sedang. Karakteristik psikologis tersebut juga didiskusikan cara meningkatkannya.
Рост плотности и расхода тяжелого компонента при истечении разреженной газовой смеси в вакуум
Authors: Быков Н.Ю. , Захаров В.В.
Published: May 2020

Gas dynamics of a rarefied mixture flowing from a chamber into vacuum is studied for the case of disparate-mass components. The modeling was fulfilled by the DSMC method. An increase of the heavier component density is observed in the vicinity of the chamber’s outlet. A significant impact of the lighter component on the jet dynamics consists in an increase of the heavier component flux and direction of heavier particles to the axis.
Плазменные и газодинамические приэлектродные процессы в начальной фазе микроструктурированного искрового разряда в воздухе
Authors: Алмазова К.И. , Белоногов А.Н. , Боровков В.В. , Курбанисмаилов В.С. , Рагимханов Г.Б. , Тренькин А.А. , Терешонок Д.В. , Халикова З.Р.
Published: May 2020

The results of studies of the dynamics of near-electrode processes in the initial phase of the spark are presented. discharge in air at atmospheric pressure in the tip – plane geometry. Near the surface of a flat After the breakdown of the cathode, regions with a size of about 50 μm and more were recorded with an increased electron concentration of (3–8)•10^19 cm^(– 3). Based on experimental data on erosion the effect of a discharge on the surface of a flat electrode and the associated gas-dynamic effects a physical model of near-electrode processes is proposed, based on which estimates are made gas dynamic parameters.
Формирование и деформация капель жидкости в микроканалах
Authors: Роньшин Ф.В. , Дементьев Ю.А. , Чиннов Е.А.
Published: May 2020

An experimental study of drop formation in narrow horizontal microchannels with rectangular cross section and a height from 50 to 150 micrometers was performed. It is shown that in these channels there is a new flow regime when drops moving along the microchannel, which are vertical liquid bridges. Three mechanisms of the formation of such drops are distinguished: the formation directly near the liquid nozzle, the separation of droplets from the liquid moving along the side walls of the channel, and due to the destruction of strongly deformed drops and horizontal liquid bridges. It was found that the deformation of drops increases with an increase in the Weber number. It is shown that when the first critical value of the Weber number is reached, the drops begin to deform, and when the second Weber number is reached, they break.
Повышающе-понижающий преобразователь напряжения для заряда аккумуляторной батареи на борту электрического самолета
Authors: Мошкунов С.И. , Хомич В.Ю. , Шершунова Е.А.
Published: May 2020

The powerful pulsed DC-DC converter for charging battery packs on an hybrid and electric aircraft board was constructed. It allows charging the battery during the cruise flight mode of the aircraft. The modular designed 10 kW-converter can operate as in a step-up mode as in a step-down mode in a voltage range of 130 - 300 V with a current limit of 70 A at an output voltage of 150 V. The converter`s efficiency is ~ 96 – 99 % depending on the power consumed in the load. The proposed modular design and the original multiphase control circuit can be used to build converters of different power with high efficiency.
Функционализация многостенных углеродных нанотрубок ионным пучком для повышения межфазной адгезии в композитах с оксидом олова
Authors: Несов С.Н. , Корусенко П.М. , Болотов В.В. , Ивлев К.Е. , Черников Е.В. , Поворознюк С.Н.
Published: May 2020

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy, we studied the effect of processing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a continuous beam of argon ions on the structure of SnOx/MWCNT composites formed by magnetron sputtering. It has been shown that the use of ion treatment increases interfacial adhesion and allows the formation of composites with a uniform distribution of tin oxide on the surface of carbon nanotubes in the form of continuous layers with a uniform structure
Терагерцевый ближнепольный отклик в лентах графена
Authors: Алексеев П.А. , Бородин Б.Р. , Мустафин И.А. , Зубов А.В. , Лебедев С.П. , Лебедев А.А. , Трухин В.Н.
Published: May 2020

The experimental results of scattering and near-field interaction of a terahertz electromagnetic field with graphene ribbons near a metal probe of an atomic force microscope are reported. The amplification of a near-field terahertz scattering in ribbons is shown in comparison with unstructured graphene. The appearance of resonance peaks in the range 0.2–1.6 THz in the scattering spectra of terahertz radiation on graphene ribbons in the presence of a probe was detected, which is possibly due to the interaction of radiation with plasmons in the ribbons.
Колебания неосесимметричного цилиндра в заполненной жидкостью полости, совершающей вращательные осцилляции
Authors: Щипицын В.Д.
Published: May 2020

The behavior of a cylindrical solid of nonaxisymmetric cross section in a horizontal cylindrical cavity filled with a viscous incompressible fluid under rotational vibrations is experimentally investigated. The effect of the vibrational suspension of a heavy nonaxisymmetric cylinder near the bottom of the vibrating cavity was found and studied at a distance comparable with the Stokes layer thickness. The character of oscillations of the cylinder and its interaction to the wall of the cavity is studied by high-speed video registration of process.
Катодный узел сильноточной электронной пушки с многоканальным инициированием эмиссии пробоем по поверхности диэлектрика
Authors: Кизириди П.П. , Озур Г.Е.
Published: May 2020

A new scheme of the cathode assembly of a high-current electron gun is presented. Initiation of explosive emission is performed with the help of sixty nine simultaneously operating spark gaps which electrodes and tube ceramic isolators are inserted into a disc explosive-emission cathode. The operability and high emissivity of the cathode assembly which exceeds by 1.5‒1.7 times the value inherent in traditional scheme of an electron gun with plasma anode and copper-braid explosive-emission cathode has been demonstrated.
Лазерно-индуцированные пространственно-периодические структуры на поверхности титана в среде н-гексана при различном давлении
Authors: Кочуев Д.А. , Хорьков К.С. , Черников А.С. , Чкалов Р.В. , Прокошев В.Г.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of processing titanium surface in n-hexane at various pressures by femtosecond laser radiation. The effect of laser-induced plasma on the nature of the formation of periodic surface structures in the pressure range from 6 mbar to 22 bar is considered. The study of the surface of the processed samples was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The dependence of the period of obtained laser-induced periodic surface structures on the pressure in working vessel and the treatment regime is shown.
Screening of High-risk Patients for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care: A Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Athilingam Ponrathi , Bugajski Andrew , Menon Usha
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predominantly affects older adults, and claimed 3 million lives in 2016, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over 35 million Americans aged 40 or older have lung function consistent with diagnosable COPD. COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a bidirectional relationship, in that one is a risk factor for developing the other. National and international consortiums recommend early screening of adults at risk of COPD, such as those with CVD. Recommended screening strategies include screening tools to assess symptoms, medical history, and handheld spirometry. Handheld spirometry has high diagnostic accuracy and if impaired lung function is indicated, these patients are referred for pulmonary function testing (PFT), the diagnostic gold standard for COPD. However, there is no clinical consensus for pulmonary screening in people with CVD. Current knowledge relating to the prevalence and incidence of CVD in people with COPD and the mechanisms that underlie their coexistence is key in combating the global burden of COPD.
La energía distribuida como modelo post-fósil en Argentina
Authors: Kazimierski Martín
Published: May 2020

En Argentina, la instalación de grandes parques solares y eólicos ha incrementado la participación de la energía renovable en la matriz energética, contribuyendo a las metas de diversificación y desfosilización nacional, aunque sin alterar las estructuras dominantes del sistema tradicional. Este trabajo sostiene que es posible pensar la penetración de estas energías como disparadores de nuevas experiencias público-ciudadanas basadas en la gestión local. A partir del análisis de tres elementos clave: empresas públicas, cooperativas y ciudadanos, el trabajo explora la potencialidad de la generación distribuida para traccionar una verdadera transición energética, hacia un modelo más descentralizado, desconcentrado y  democrático.
The Imperfection in a Firm’s Knowledge of the Transformation Process Among Interlinked Internal Networks: The Defect Case
Authors: Kuntadi Cris , Boeditjahjono Prasetyo Boeditjahjono , Permatasari Yuli , Candrawati Meylia
Published: May 2020

This study, firstly, identifies and analyzes the supply chain management of Aseli Dagadu Djokdja, Co., Ltd., (here-after ADD) which has a problem. Secondly, this study pinpoints what causes the problem in ADD’s supply-chain management (SCM). Thirdly, it investigates ADD’s knowledge of the transformation process, since it was not conducted properly. This research chose to use an exploratory case study with an in-depth interview to collect the data. This article questions all the CEOs and observes all stages of activity accompanied by their information, resources, and financial flows. The interviewer applies angulations to two or more of the subjects. This study takes note that ADD’s knowledge of the transformation process  is imperfect; this weakness is at the top managerial level. The problem is also found when oral explanations do not follow the transfer of documents among the divisions and staff. It means that information asymmetry takes place. This study, which is designed with SNT and a comprehensive knowledge of the transformation process, has several biases. The first one is the inference validity bias. Secondly, it did not investigate how ADD’s management faces industrial competitiveness. Finally, this research could not capture what the staff at ADD transforms their knowledge into.
Progression of myopia among medical students: A one-year cohort study
Authors: Nugroho Agung , Prayogo Mohammad Eko , Widyandana Widyandana , Indrawati Sagung , Suhardjo Suhardjo
Published: May 2020

Myopia is a common refractive disorder in literate countries related to educationand higher occupational groups. External factors affecting myopia and its progression remainquestionable. Myopia onset and progression occur during childhood and teenager. This studyaimed to determine the progression of myopia and its associated factors in the medical studentof Faculty of Medicine UGM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through a one-year cohort study. An initialobservational and cross-sectional survey conducted as baseline data. Correlation calculatedusing Chi-square and the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. A longitudinal cohortstudy conducted 12 months later to the initial survey. Myopia determined with an autorefractorwithout cycloplegia. BMI, intraocular pressure, and corneal curvature evaluated as factorsrelated to progression. Five hundred five students (98%; 505 of 515; 317 from the school ofmedicine (SoM), 188 from the school of nursing and nutrition (SoNN)) age 15-20 years wereexamined. Prevalence of myopia among SoM students was 69.4% (n=220 of 317) and 41.4%(n=78 of 188) in SoNN. Myopia (SER ≥-0.5 D) found in 298 students, 81 boys (27.2%) and 217girls (72.8%). Chi-square test revealed that myopia more common in Chinese than Javaneseand other (p=0.006) but a similar proportion in gender (p = 0.785) and age (p=0.369). Theaverage change of myopic progression was -0.401 D and -0.094 D per year in SoM and SoNN,respectively (p = 0.000). The average change of myopia of boys and girls was -0.138 D and-0.117 D, respectively (p = 0.871). There was no statistically significant correlation betweensubjective refraction change and factors related to progression. The progression of myopia inYogyakarta relatively similar to Western countries. Progression in the school of medicine washigher than the school of nursing and nutrition, but similar between boys and girls. No relatedfactor correlated with the progression of myopia expects further studies.
Increasing knowledge about nutrition and health in the elderly and cadres in Banguntapan Village, Bantul
Authors: Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Probosuseno Probosuseno
Published: May 2020

Increase the number of elderly is one of the social problems that require the attention of all involved parties. Health care efforts are now aimed at keeping the elderly healthy, active, independent, and productive socially and economically for themselves, their families and the community. Elderly is an age group where a person has experienced various decreases in body functions that can affect appetite, which ultimately leads to malnutrition. We designed community service-based study to increase the elderly health in the Banguntapan Village through increasing the awareness of the elderly about managing their health, the knowledge and skill to take care elderly of the families who have elderly on their care in Banguntapan Village. The method applied in this activity is counseling with pre-test and the first post-test and distribution pocket of about nutrition and elderly health. To be able to measure the retained knowledge after the activities, we also carried out the second post-test four weeks after the first meeting. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, and a paired t-test was performed to test the pre-test and post-test data. The total participants who participated in this activity were 144 people consisting of all cadres in Banguntapan Village, plus the elderly and families who have elderly in Karangbendo Hamlet. This research showed that there was an increase in knowledge about health and nutrition between the 1st pretest-posttest; between the 1st post-test and 2nd post-test; and between the second pretest and posttest (11.14; 14.86; 28.03)%. The counseling, discussion, and distribution of pocketbooks can increase the knowledge of the elderly, family and volunteer in Banguntapan and Karang Bendo Village.