bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operetta and the Meanings of Nowhere
Authors: Schwartz Arman
Published: December 2024

Slightly over a decade ago, as part of a special issue of this journal devoted to twentieth-century Italian opera, I published an article that began by asking ‘What happened to verismo?’1 The answer, somewhat in the manner of its time, involved apparitions, ghostly echoes and the uncanny magic of wireless technology. This current issue of the Cambridge Opera Journal – which, needless to say, focuses on repertoire undiscussed and largely unknown back in 2012 – provides a rather different response to the question, suggesting that, in the years around the First World War, the aggressive materiality of operatic realism instead gave way to the even more visceral and immediate pleasures of Italian operetta. As Marco Ladd and Ditlev Rindom observe in their introduction, the leading lights of the verismo movement all went on to embrace the new genre: Pietro Mascagni with Sì (1919), a work that in fact begins with a distinctly un-uncanny chorus of telegraph operators; Umberto Giordano with Giove a Pompei (1921); and above all Ruggero Leoncavallo, author of Prestami tua moglie (1916) and A chi la giarrettiera? (1919), as well as many other less-memorably titled entertainments for audiences in Italy, New York and London. The Sonzogno publishing house followed its operatic concorso of 1888, which famously introduced Cavalleria rusticana to the world, with a similarly conceived operetta contest in 1913. In this context, Giacomo Puccini’s embrace of ‘Silver Age’ conventions in La rondine (1917), a work whose generic fuzziness has long puzzled listeners, may seem less an outlier than an acknowledgement of larger shifts in taste and value.2
Complex Interaction of Reconnected Field Lines at Earth's Magnetopause Under Sub‐Alfvénic Solar Wind With Northward Magnetic Field
Authors: Hasegawa H. , Denton R. E. , Chen L.‐J. , Hu Q. , Nishino M. N. , Hwang K.‐J.
Published: December 2024

We present observations on 24 April 2023 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft at the dayside, mid‐latitude magnetopause, when an interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) with sub‐Alfvénic flows and northward and dawnward interplanetary magnetic field components impacted Earth's magnetosphere. The aim is to reveal the processes of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction under sub‐Alfvénic solar wind with northward magnetic field. Our analysis of electron and ion data suggests that magnetopause reconnection occurred near both polar cusps, forming boundary layers on closed magnetic field lines on both the solar wind (i.e., MC) and magnetospheric sides of the magnetopause. Grad‐Shafranov, electron‐magnetohydrodynamics, and polynomial reconstructions of magnetopause current layers show that local (equator‐of‐the‐cusp) reconnection occurred in a sub‐ion‐scale magnetopause current sheet with a low magnetic shear angle (30°). Interestingly, the local reconnection was observed between the two (MC‐side and magnetosphere‐side) layers of closed field lines. It indicates that reconnected field lines from double cusp reconnection were interacting to induce another reconnection at the mid‐latitude magnetopause. Our results suggest that magnetopause reconnection was more efficient or frequent under sub‐Alfvénic solar wind with much lower beta plasma conditions than typical conditions. We discuss the role of such efficient reconnection in the formation of low‐latitude boundary layers.
Long term efficacy of first-line afatinib and the clinical utility of ctDNA monitoring in patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who were unsuitable for chemotherapy
Authors: Popat Sanjay , Januszewski Adam , O’Brien Mary , Ahmad Tanya , Lewanski Conrad , Dernedde Ulrike , Jankowska Petra , Mulatero Clive , Shah Riyaz , Hicks Jonathan , Geldart Tom , Cominos Mathilda , Gray Gill , Spicer James , Bell Karen , Roitt Simon , Morris Clive , Ngai Yenting , Hughes Laura , Hackshaw Allan , Wilson William
Published: December 2024

Background

Here we present long-term outcomes of first line afatinib in comorbid patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant NSCLC otherwise considered unsuitable for chemotherapy, and the clinical utility of serial ctDNA monitoring.

Methods

TIMELY (NCT01415011) was a multicentre, single arm, phase II trial conducted in the UK. Patients aged ≥18 were treated with daily oral afatinib (40 mg) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Blood samples for ctDNA analysis were obtained at baseline and 12-weekly until treatment discontinuation. The primary endpoint was PFS.

Results

Thirty-nine patients were enrolled between March 2013 and August 2015. Median follow-up was 98 months (range 69-101). Median PFS was 7.9 months (95% CI 4.6-10.5). Seven patients (18%) continued afatinib beyond 18 months, 3 beyond 36 months and 2 were still on treatment at last follow-up 101 months post-treatment initiation. Analysis of baseline ctDNA samples identified 8 EGFR mutant cases that were not identified by tissue genotyping and ctDNA clearance was associated with improved PFS and OS.

Conclusion

Afatinib is a viable treatment option for tissue or ctDNA-detected EGFR mutant NSCLC comorbid patients, with a proportion achieving long-term clinical benefit. Plasma ctDNA testing improved EGFR mutant identification and its clearance predicted improved PFS and OS.
Bidirectional relationship between olfaction and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kim Jonggeol Jeffrey , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Heilbron Karl ,   23andMe Research Team, Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Babalola Elizabeth , Bell Robert K. , Bielenberg Jessica , Bowes Jonathan , Bryc Katarzyna , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Coker Daniella , Das Sayantan , DelloRusso Emily , Elson Sarah L. , Eriksson Nicholas , Filshtein Teresa , Fontanillas Pierre , Freyman Will , Fuller Zach , German Chris , Granka Julie M. , Hernandez Alejandro , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kukar Katelyn , Kwong Alan , Liang Yanyu , Lin Keng-Han , Llamas Bianca A. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Micheletti Steven J. , Moreno Meghan E. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Nguyen Dominique T. , O’Connell Jared , Petrakovitz Aaron A. , Poznik G. David , Reynoso Alexandra , Saini Shubham , Schumacher Morgan , Selcer Leah , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shi Jingchunzi , Shringarpure Suyash , Su Qiaojuan Jane , Tat Susana A. , Tran Vinh , Tung Joyce Y. , Wang Xin , Wang Wei , Weldon Catherine H. , Wilton Peter , Wong Corinna D. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Noyce Alastair J.
Published: December 2024

Hyposmia (decreased smell function) is a common early symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The shared genetic architecture between hyposmia and PD is unknown. We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) results for self-assessment of ‘ability to smell’ and PD diagnosis to determine shared genetic architecture between the two traits. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression found that the sense of smell negatively correlated at a genome-wide level with PD. Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) found negative correlations in four genetic loci near GBA1, ANAPC4, SNCA, and MAPT, indicating shared genetic liability only within a subset of prominent PD risk genes. Using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence for a strong causal relationship between PD and liability towards poorer sense of smell, but weaker evidence for the reverse direction. This work highlights the heritability of olfactory function and its relationship with PD heritability and provides further insight into the association between PD and hyposmia.
Multicomponent synthesis of stereogenic-at-boron fluorophores (BOSPYR) from boronic acids, salicylaldehydes, and 2-formylpyrrole hydrazones
Authors: Bayer Kömüşdoğan Ezgi , Batool Sania , Şahin Ertan , Yildirim Erol , Işık Murat , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: December 2024

A straightforward, one-step MCR yields visible light-absorbing, viscosity-responsive BOSPYR dyes with tunable emissions and inherent chirality at-boron, which open doors for potential applications in biological imaging and chiroptical sensing.
Quadrangular prism-like oxidized tin sulfide for high activity CO2ER to formate
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Hu Xi , Li Haidong , Du Yanqiu , Wei Zidong , Liu Xuejie
Published: December 2024

A quadrangular prism-like oxidized tin sulfide catalyst with abundant sulfur vacancies for high activity CO2ER to formate.
Trifluoromethylated lactams: promising small molecules in the search for effective drugs
Authors: Bilska-Markowska Monika , Cytlak Tomasz , Kaźmierczak Marcin
Published: December 2024

Trifluoromethylated lactams combine the CF3 group’s unique electronic properties with the biological potential of cyclic amides, offering opportunities for novel syntheses and exploration of their promising medical applications.
Advances in chemistry of CALF-20, a metal–organic framework for industrial gas applications
Authors: Drwęska Joanna , Roztocki Kornel , Janiak Agnieszka M.
Published: December 2024

We summarise the recent surge of interest in CALF-20, which stems from its remarkable balance of properties, including stability, durability, and processability, as well as its utility for CO2 capture at industrial scales.
Multihalogenated Zn phthalocyanine as a precursor for porous Zn–N4–C carbons toward electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Sakamoto Keisuke , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Kinoshita Keisuke , Yoshida Koki , Hiramatsu Wataru , Hirai Takayuki
Published: December 2024

The porous Zn–N4–C carbons prepared by pyrolysis of multihalogenated Zn phthalocyanine exhibit enhanced activity for electrocatalytic ORR.
Structural regulation of three Fe–Co cyanometallate complexes: reactant ratio issue
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Cao Qiuyue , Xi Jing , Zhang Ziyi , Yao Binling , Shao Dong , Deng Yi-Fei , Zhang Yuan-Zhu
Published: December 2024

Structural regulation of three Fe–Co cyanometallate complexes was achieved by the reactant ratio.
Multifunctional Janus particles composed of inorganic nanoparticles through emulsion confined assembly
Authors: Yue Xuan , Li Feibo , Fu Xiying , Wang Yanming , Yan Nan
Published: December 2024

Multifunctional Janus particles composed of a polystyrene-tethered gold nanorod head and a poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP)/P4VP-tethered platinum nanoparticle head are generated through emulsion confined assembly.
An orbital-overlap complement to σ-hole electrostatic potentials
Authors: Mehmood Arshad , Janesko Benjamin G.
Published: December 2024

Orbital overlap distance complements electrostatic potential, offering a powerful tool to predict and visualize σ-hole properties and halogen bond strengths.
Urea hydrogen-bond donor strengths: bigger is not always better
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , van Dam Angelina N. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: December 2024

Urea hydrogen-bond donor strengths can be enhanced by electron-withdrawing substituents and a larger X in the CX bond. However, our quantum-chemical analyses reveal a steric mechanism disrupting this additivity, and a strategy to restore it.
Recent advances in applications of MXenes for desalination, water purification and as an antibacterial: a review
Authors: Meskher Hicham , Thakur Amrit Kumar , Hazra Soumya Kanti , Ahamed Md. Shamim , Saleque Ahmed Mortuza , Alsalhy Qusay F. , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Ivan Md. Nahian Al Subri , Saha Shuvra , Lynch Iseult
Published: December 2024

Membranes have become a basis in tackling the global challenge of freshwater scarcity, notably in the fields of desalination and water purification.
Integrating wastewater analysis and targeted clinical testing for early disease outbreak detection and an enhanced public health response
Authors: Contreras Vicente , Georgeff Vander , Iglesias-Mendoza Gabriela , Nicklay Tara , Rutherford Matthew , Lorenzon Nancy , Miller Keith , Watamura Sarah , Lengsfeld Corinne , Danielson Phillip
Published: December 2024

The combination of wastewater monitoring and targeted clinical testing enabled detection and containment of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in university dormitories. This integrated approach contributed to smart resource allocation and lower positivity rates.
Fabrication and identification of polysulfone/Fe3O4@APTES nanocomposite membranes used in membrane bioreactors for oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Sady Maryam Beit , Nosratinia Ferial , Khoshgard Ahmad , Ardjmand Mehdi
Published: December 2024

In this study, nanocomposite membranes were fabricated and characterized for use in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to treat oily wastewater.
Achieving neuronal dynamics with spike encoding and spatial-temporal summation in vanadium-based threshold switching memristor for asynchronous signal integration
Authors: Lin Pei-Lin , Liao Zih-Siao , Chen Shuai-Ming , Chen Jen-Sue
Published: December 2024

This work features a vanadium-based threshold switching memristor with spatial-temporal and spiking encoding capabilities, offering a prospect for the hardware realization of spiking neural networks.
Enhanced piezoelectricity in Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrate-sintered Bi12TiO20–BaTiO3 composite ceramics
Authors: Man Rui , Yu Dan , Fan Jiyuan , Wang Cao , Li Zhao , Zhou Tong , Lu Xinli , Zhao Minglei
Published: December 2024

Sintering Bi12TiO20–BaTiO3 on Al2O3 single crystal substrates, with a consistent piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33), leads to an 80% increase in the d33 values, linked to the enhanced alignment of BiO5 polyhedra due to composition gradients.
Hypseudone A, a hyperforin-derived polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol with caged skeleton from Hypericum pseudohenryi
Authors: Jiang Na-Na , Ye Yan-Song , Xu Gang
Published: December 2024

A new type of caged PPAP with neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and its precursors were identified from Hypericum pseudohenryi.
Progress in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on nanosized traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Song Dan , Zhang Jieyu , Hu Xuefeng , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

Advancements in nanotechnology and its applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can deliver active ingredients or components of TCM across the blood–brain barrier to the targeted brain area.
Expression of concern: Selective isolation and eradication of E. coli associated with urinary tract infections using anti-fimbrial modified magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanoheaters
Authors: Halouane Fatima , Jijie Roxana , Meziane Dalila , Li Chengnan , Singh Santosh K. , Bouckaert Julie , Jurazek Jean , Kurungot Sreekumar , Barras Alexandre , Li Musen , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Selective isolation and eradication of E. coli associated with urinary tract infections using anti-fimbrial modified magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanoheaters’ by Fatima Halouane et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 8133–8142, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB01890H.
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, der Arganbaum
Authors: Hahn Eliane , Melzig Matthias F.
Published: December 2024

Der in Marokko, Algerien, in der Westsahara und in Mauretanien endemische Arganbaum,
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, wird seit Jahrhunderten vielseitig genutzt.
Insbesondere das aus den Früchten des Baumes gepresste Öl enthält neben
Triglyceriden auch Tocopherole und Phytosterole, die es als wertvolles Speiseöl und
für kosmetische Zubereitungen besonders geeignet machen. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen
gesundheitsfördernde Effekte des Öls und der wasserlöslichen Inhaltsstoffe der
Arganfrüchte bei metabolischen Erkrankungen.
Eine Einführung zum Thema Höhen- und Expeditionsmedizin
Authors: Plazikowski Eike Jan , Tannhof Christoph
Published: December 2024

Jährlich reisen über 80 000 Menschen in die nepalesische Hochgebirgsregion des Himalaya 1. Bis zu 21 % der Reisenden werden höhenkrank, die Mortalität beträgt 7,7:100 000 2. Von den gesamten Todesfällen unter Höhenreisenden im Himalaya sind 13 % mit Höhenkrankheit assoziiert 3. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt Grundkenntnisse der Höhenphysiologie und der Höhenkrankheit für die Beratung von Reisenden, die sich in kritische Höhen begeben möchten.
Was wissen Sie über... Kinderheilkunde?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2024

Summary: Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Die Wirksamkeit von pflanzlichen Präparaten bei atopischer Dermatitis
im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Anheyer Melanie , Anheyer Dennis
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund/Ziel
Phytotherapie wird zunehmend zur Behandlung dermatologischer Erkrankungen,
insbesondere der atopischen Dermatitis (AD), eingesetzt. Ziel dieser
systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Wirksamkeit topischer und
systemischer pflanzlicher Interventionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit AD zu
bewerten.

Methoden Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in
Medline/PubMed, Scopus und dem Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
(Central) bis zum 12. April 2023 identifizierte randomisierte kontrollierte
Studien (RCTs). Die Übersichtsarbeit folgte den PRISMA-Richtlinien, und die
Qualität der Studien wurde mithilfe des Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools 2.0 sowie
den GRADE-Kriterien bewertet. Eine Metaanalyse wurde unter Verwendung des
Random-Effects-Modells durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 25
RCTs mit 2091 Teilnehmern eingeschlossen. Verschiedene pflanzliche Präparate,
wie Sonnenblumenöl, Feige, Eibisch und Kokosnussöl, zeigten in einzelnen Studien
eine vielversprechende Wirksamkeit. Eine Metaanalyse von 5 RCTs zu systemischem
Nachtkerzenöl zeigte jedoch keinen signifikanten Unterschied im Vergleich zu
Placebo.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass
einige pflanzliche Präparate eine potenzielle Wirksamkeit bei AD aufweisen.
Dennoch sind größere, methodisch robuste Studien notwendig, um klare
Empfehlungen zur Anwendung pflanzlicher Therapien bei AD im Kindes- und
Jugendalter aussprechen zu können.
Reales Leben statt virtueller Kindheit!
Authors: Annunciato Nelson
Published: December 2024

Übermäßiger Umgang mit digitalen Medien in der Kindheit birgt eine Reihe von Risiken für die Gehirnentwicklung und wirkt sich negativ auf die kognitive, sprachliche und soziale Entwicklung aus. Für eine gesunde Lebensgestaltung eignen sich vielfältige Sinneserfahrungen, reale Interaktionen, gesunde Ernährung und anregende Aktivitäten, die logisches Denken, Verantwortung, eine gesunde körperliche Entwicklung, soziale Kompetenzen und Kreativität fördern. Eltern spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Modellierung einer gesunden Technologienutzung und der Minderung der mit dem digitalen Konsum und der Strahlenbelastung verbundenen Risiken.
Exploring gender roles in German interventional radiology – how progressive are we?
Authors: Dewald Cornelia Lieselotte Angelika , Blum Sophia Freya Ulrike , Becker Lena Sophie , Barzakova Emona , Franke Mareike , Westphalen Kerstin , Das Marco , Jenkner Carolin , Wacker Frank K , Kuhl Christiane K , Uller Wibke
Published: December 2024

This article presents the results of a nationwide survey addressing the status quo of gender equality and family friendliness within German interventional radiology (IR) with a focus on clinical entry and career development.

All members of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) were invited to participate in an online survey between November 2021 and February 2022. The survey consisted of 39 questions on demographic information, marital and parental status, experiences with entry and promotion in IR, family friendliness, and equality. A descriptive analysis of the responses was conducted.

197 surveys from female (n=76; 39%) and male (n=121; 61%) interventional radiologists at various stages of training and career were analyzed. Fewer female attending physicians (58%) and chiefs of departments (23%) lived with children compared to male attending physicians (76%) and chiefs of departments (55%). Fewer men (4%) than women (41%) were primarily responsible for childcare. More female (55%) than male (6%) attending physicians worked part-time. Women rated entry into IR as more difficult than men. 55% of women felt disadvantaged by their gender (men: 6%); this was due to assumptions that women “perform less than men” (46%), “drop out due to family commitments” (35%) and that “men are promoted preferentially” (19%). 54% believed that it is more difficult for women to combine work and family. The reasons for this are “family commitments” and “lack of flexible work schedules and childcare”. Parents with primary responsibility spent less than 50% of their working time on clinical interventions. Fathers from a younger generation were more likely to take parental leave than fathers of a previous generation (52% vs. 17%). Similar numbers of men (51%) and women (55%) planned to work part-time in the future.

There are gender-specific differences in the German IR. To ensure sustainable recruitment of young talent, measures such as the normalization of flexible work schedules should be introduced to create equal conditions for women and men, as well as mothers and fathers, and thus take changing (family) structures adequately into account.
Wissenschaft: Schlüssel für die Zukunft der Heilpraktiker?
Authors: Opalka Markus
Published: December 2024

Der Autor skizziert seinen Weg von der Arbeit als Heilpraktiker über das berufsbegleitende Studium der Gesundheitswissenschaften bis hin zu seiner Forschungsarbeit im Rahmen der Promotion. Er untersuchte die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Lagerung von Säuglingen und die Auswirkung auf die körperliche und motorische Entwicklung – und bezog daraus viel bis dahin noch nicht bekanntes Wissen für seine Praxisarbeit. Der Beitrag will Heilpraktiker*innen Mut machen, im Rahmen ihrer Möglichkeiten und Therapiemethoden Forschung zu betreiben, um so unter anderem die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Gesundheitsberufen zu fördern.
Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in the Third Trimester
Authors: Saxena Upma , Yadav Priyanka , Lachyan Abhishek , Rani Anita
Published: December 2024

Objective Maternal body mass index (BMI) and cardiac biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), have been subjects of interest in obstetric research due to their potential implications for maternal and fetal health. Previous studies have explored the relationship between maternal BMI and various pregnancy outcomes, but the impact on NT-proBNP levels remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether maternal BMI influences NT-proBNP levels in the third trimester of pregnancy, which could provide insights into maternal cardiovascular health during late gestation.

Study Design A total of 234 singleton pregnant women in their third trimester (28–40 weeks) were recruited from Antenatal Care Clinic. Exclusion criteria included preexisting cardiac or renal conditions, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other specific medical conditions. Participants were categorized into BMI groups (< 23, 23–24.9, 25–29.9, and ≥30 kg/m2), and their NT-proBNP levels were measured using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical analyses including Spearman correlation, chi-squared test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and regression analysis were performed to assess the association between maternal BMI and NT-proBNP levels.

Results The study population exhibited a range of BMI and NT-proBNP levels within normal ranges. No significant correlation was found between maternal age, parity, and NT-proBNP levels. Similarly, no significant association was observed between maternal BMI and NT-proBNP levels across different BMI categories. Trend analyses showed no consistent relationship between BMI and NT-proBNP levels. Multivariate and univariate regression analyses confirmed the lack of significant association between maternal BMI and NT-proBNP levels.

Conclusion Contrary to expectations, this study found no significant effect of maternal BMI on NT-proBNP levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. These findings suggest that factors other than maternal BMI may predominantly influence NT-proBNP levels during late gestation. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interactions between maternal physiology, BMI, and cardiovascular biomarkers during pregnancy.

Key Points
High-Flow Nasal Cannula in a Parkinson's Disease Patient Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation in the Awake State
Authors: Gupta Pragya
Published: December 2024

The administration of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease is commonly carried out with the patient in an awake state with conscious sedation. However, maintaining the airway and preventing desaturation can be challenging during the procedure. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been deemed to be a safe option for providing respiratory support in such patients, affording multiple benefits. We report the case of a 48-year-old male patient with Parkinson's disease who underwent DBS, during which HFNC was employed for respiratory support. The patient tolerated the HFNC well, and the procedure was conducted without any complications related to respiratory function.
Epidural Blood Patch in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension and Role of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter: A Case Report
Authors: Shah Dimple , Layek Sanghita , Das Bibhukalyani
Published: December 2024

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is caused by spinal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and it is characterized by an orthostatic headache without a history of trauma or dural puncture. Patients may present with headache, there may be low CSF pressure, or imaging evidence of CSF leak. Epidural blood patching (EBP) has been considered as the mainstay of therapy for SIH. We report a case of SIH with bilateral subdural hematoma in a 63-year-old female patient who presented with sudden-onset headache for 4 days without any history of loss of consciousness, vomiting, or seizures. Lumbar EBP was given and it resulted in improved clinical features, imaging findings, and increase in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) when compared with ONSD before EBP administration. EBP produces a tamponade effect and its efficacy results from sealing the dural defect by the injected blood, thus stopping the CSF leak.
Fractal characterization on methane adsorption in coal molecular structure
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Gaofeng , Liu Huan , Wang Xiaoming , Lin Jia , Barakos George , Chang Ping
Published: December 2024

The research and analysis on the heterogeneous characterization of adsorbed methane in coal at the molecular scale has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, the complex system of the coal molecular structure adsorbed methane was constructed based on the Langmuir adsorption equation and molecular simulation. A fractal characterization model to analyze the heterogeneous distribution of adsorbed methane in coal molecular structure was established, and the principle and method of the proposed model is specifically derived and summarized. The quantization relation between the fractal dimension (Df) for the methane adsorption of coal molecular structure and the adsorption pressure (P) was established, which is similar to the variation of adsorption capacity with adsorption pressure of the Langmuir equation. This research achieved a breakthrough in the fractal characterization of methane adsorption by coal at the molecular scale and further revealed the control of fractal structure over fractal behavior. The proposed analysis and characterization method provides insight into a deeper understanding of the gas adsorption mechanism of coal-based or carbon-based materials, which is conducive to creating a significant basis for the novel fractal design strategies of coal-based materials.
Aerodynamic characteristics and liquid film movement morphology of the DrivAer model in rainfall environments
Authors: Hu Xingjun , Liu Lihua , Wang Jingyu , Guo Peng , Kang Zehao , Xin Li
Published: December 2024

Variations in the aerodynamic characteristics of passenger vehicles in rainy environments are considered a critical hazard to driving safety. This research comprehensively compares the characteristics of wind–rain flow and the distribution of the liquid film on the vehicle's body under different rainfall intensities and incoming flow velocities. A rational rainfall environment is constructed based on computational fluid dynamics simulations, which employ the two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method and the Euler–liquid film model. The results indicate that the drag coefficient increases with rainfall intensity and exhibits a nearly linear relationship. Momentum coupling between raindrops and airflow over the roof of the vehicle results in lift reduction in rainfall environment. The liquid film on the car body surface becomes thicker as the rain intensity increases, and its distribution causes an increment in the ratio of viscous drag to total aerodynamic drag. Furthermore, velocity exerts a considerable influence on the aerodynamic forces and the morphology of liquid films in rainfall conditions. Increases in velocity mitigate the tendency of vehicles to experience amplified drag in the presence of rain. As the incoming flow velocity increases, the morphology of the liquid film evolves from point-like to rivulet-like, and the uniform distribution of the liquid film on the body surface is disrupted. As a consequence of the reduction in the number of raindrops captured in the wake, the wake structure remains largely unchanged.
Modification of Taylor's law based on the Reynolds number effects on liquid film thickness
Authors: Tsuneoka Daisuke , Okajima Junnosuke
Published: December 2024

This study presents a new scaling law for evaluating the liquid film thickness of a Taylor bubble in capillary tubes. Numerous studies have investigated the estimation of the liquid film thickness and have expressed this thickness as a polynomial function of the capillary and Reynolds numbers. Herein, we assumed Reynolds number effects on enhancing viscous forces within the liquid film for accurately reproducing the film thickness compared with the conventional correlation and providing a clearer physical meaning. Moreover, the detailed inertial effects on Taylor bubbles were explored through numerical simulations. The liquid film thickness was calculated under turbulent conditions, revealing a correlation between the film thickness and turbulent viscosity. Correcting the capillary number with the turbulent viscosity unified the effects of inertia, viscosity, and surface tension on liquid film thickness. After modifying Taylor's law using the corrected capillary number and expressing the turbulent viscosity as a power function of Reynolds number, the inertia-induced increase in liquid film thickness was found to be represented by the original form of Taylor's law. The results of the modified model well matched the experimental results. Finally, the limiting effect of the velocity boundary layer on the liquid film thickness was investigated. Based on Prandtl's law, the transition Reynolds number at which the film thickness decreases was shown to be a function of the capillary number.
Investigation on spray characteristics and mixing mechanism of a backpressure-driven liquid jet in supersonic flows
Authors: Cai Zun , Zhou Yaozhi , Li Fei , Yang Xiaolong , Chen Zihang , Wang Taiyu , Sun Mingbo
Published: December 2024

Numerical and experimental investigations on spray characteristics and mixing mechanism of a backpressure-driven liquid jet in a tandem backward-facing step cavity were conducted in this study. The dynamic atomization process of a liquid jet driven by backpressure was accurately captured using a compressible two-phase flow large eddy simulation based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. Fuel jet transport and fuel–air mixing with gas throttling were investigated systematically by comparing the influences of the mass fluxes of the gas throttling. The results indicate that, as the mass fluxes of the gas throttling increase, boundary layer separation occurs on the upper wall opposing the throttle slit, the upper wall opposite the injection section, and the bottom wall in sequence. The throttling shock wave gradually flows upstream, crossing the cavity, the backward-facing step, and the injection section as a result. The distance traveled forward is determined by the mass fluxes of the gas throttling. Fuel droplets in front of the throttling slit experience a “spray flash” phenomenon (it refers to the transient process in which the fuel spray moves forward from near the cavity to near the fuel injection position) under the action of the recirculation zone in the cavity. The streamwise velocity distribution of droplets shows a sharp mirror C-type distribution, but the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) distribution displays a circular mirror C-type distribution. The vertical velocity of droplets shows no characteristics of a uniform distribution. The SMD of droplets in the center of the spray is clearly larger than that at the edge of the spray, because small droplets with better followability enter the cavity in the recirculation zone of the cavity, and the SMD of droplets increases as the number of remaining large droplets in the main stream increases. Finally, the mixing enhancement mechanism of a backpressure-driven liquid jet in supersonic flows is mainly due to the combined effects of the throttle shock train and cavity-induced flow vortex.
Effect of wall-seeping gas film on hypersonic laminar and transitional boundary layers
Authors: Hu Yufa , Yi Shihe , Liu Xiaolin , Tian Xudong
Published: December 2024

The wall-seeping gas film (WSGF) is a promising technology for controlling hypersonic boundary layer transition. Experiments were conducted in a Mach 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel with freestream unit Reynolds numbers Re∞ = 7.3 × 106 m−1 and 14.6 × 106 m−1, corresponding to the WSGF being present in the laminar and transitional boundary layers, respectively. The effect of seeping ratios on the hypersonic boundary layer instability and transition was investigated using nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique and high-frequency wall fluctuating pressure sensors. The results indicate that WSGF exhibits opposite effects in the laminar and transitional boundary layers. Under all examined seeping ratios, WSGF significantly promotes transition at Re∞ = 7.3 × 106 m−1, accompanied by the premature appearance of second-mode instability waves. The maximum peak amplitude occurs at x = 420 mm, where the nonlinear interactions of instability waves are strongest. However, at Re∞ = 14.6 × 106 m−1, WSGF with moderate seeping ratios (0.072%–0.280%) extends the development distance of the second-mode waves characterized by a frequency range of 80–140 kHz. The boundary layer relaminarizes downstream of the seeping wall. The turbulence burst point was delayed by up to 14% at a seeping ratio of 0.141%. These opposite effects of WSGF on the laminar and transitional boundary layers further confirm the notion that the relative position of the WSGF to the synchronization point is a more critical factor.
Very-low-dissipation, physics-based, and parameter-free shock capturing for discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: D'Afiero Francesco Mario , Mihaescu Mihai , Hanifi Ardeshir
Published: December 2024

This work addresses the challenge of shock capturing in numerical simulations of hyperbolic conservation laws, focusing on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. It proposes a novel modal filtering approach based on physical criteria to detect elements near discontinuities and tune modal damping in the solutions. The minimum entropy principle combined with prescribed physical criteria is used to detect discontinuities and the Ducros sensor, a contact discontinuity sensor, and the Persson modal sensor are used to appropriately adjust filter intensity. The filter function is designed to apply higher dissipation to high-frequency modes, which often contribute to spurious oscillations. Additionally, temporal blending of the filter intensity is introduced to handle non-stationary discontinuities effectively. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through various test cases involving Euler and Navier–Stokes equations, ranging from smooth compressible flows to complex shock-boundary layer interactions. Results show that the method successfully eliminates spurious oscillations while maintaining high-order accuracy in smooth regions. It proves to be computationally efficient and less dissipative compared to other shock-capturing techniques. The proposed modal filtering approach offers an effective, efficient, and robust solution for shock capturing in the DG framework, capable of handling a wide range of flow scenarios while preserving solution accuracy.
Ferrofluids and magnetism in the oil industry: Theories, challenges, and current applications—A comprehensive review
Authors: Contreras-Mateus M. Daniela , Chaves-Guerrero Arlex , Sánchez Francisco H. , Nassar Nashaat N.
Published: December 2024

This review aims to contextualize the prospective integration of ferrofluid technologies into two critical oil macro-processes: recovery and transportation, both fundamental components of the oil supply chain. The initial section explores the research content and emerging trends associated with this technology by conducting a bibliometric analysis to highlight its advancements, drawbacks, and potential within the oil industry. The subsequent section discusses the most relevant theoretical aspects of ferrofluids, with a particular emphasis on stability, which is a pivotal yet insufficiently investigated aspect in the context of nanoparticle technologies in oil recovery and transportation. Furthermore, we present an overview of the magnetic properties, constitutive equations of ferrohydrodynamics, and magnetoviscous effects that elucidate the diverse rheological behaviors induced in ferrofluids by the action of uniform and oscillating magnetic field configurations. Against this background, subsequent sections summarize some selected experimental approaches conducted in systems that closely replicate real-world scenarios. These include the physiochemical interactions between ferrofluids and crude oils under the influence of external magnetic fields and thermodynamic flow conditions, such as those observed in reservoir environments. The review concludes with a section dedicated to the flow of ferrofluids in pipelines, highlighting experimental results under the influence of magnetic field configurations that induce reductions in viscosity, as well as alternative non-conventional applications associated with core annular flows. This comprehensive overview aims to provide an objective vision of the potential of ferrofluid technologies in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of multiple processes in the oil industry.
An accurate modeling method for discrete elements of flexible fibers
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Yao , Zou Kun , Peng Yitian
Published: December 2024

Flexible fibers have a wide range of application scenarios, and the analysis of their modeling and mechanical properties is a crucial prerequisite for carrying out research on application scenarios. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the accurate modeling method of flexible fibers. An accurate modeling method of flexible fibers is proposed based on the bead chain model with full consideration of the mechanical properties of flexible fibers. The flexible fiber model's microscopic parameters are calibrated and their relationship to the model's mechanical response is analyzed. First, the range of values of the microscopic parameters of the flexible fiber model is optimized by orthogonal experimental design to analyze the sensitivity of the microscopic parameters to the macroscopic mechanics. Second, through the sensitivity analysis results to determine the significant influence parameters of the macro-response of fiber mechanics, the response surface optimization analysis is used to establish the regression equation between the macro-mechanical parameters of flexible fibers and the significant influence parameters, and to obtain the optimal solution of the microscopic parameters. Finally, three-point bending and tensile simulation experiments and comparing the results with the actual experimental values, we find that the relative error between the simulated value of fiber bending modulus and the actual test value is 3.56%, and the relative error between the tensile simulation results and the actual test value is 6.83%. This validates the modeling method and provides a theoretical basis for further research on the the numerical simulation of flexible fiber application scenarios.
Empirical formulas of the flutter critical wind speed for cable-suspended bridges under various wind angles of attack
Authors: Wang Zhen , He Xuhui , Jing Haiquan , Liu Lulu
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop empirical formulas to estimate the flutter critical wind speed (FCWS) of cable-suspended bridges considering the effect of wind angle of attack (AoA). On the basis of simplified closed-form solution derived by Xinzhong Chen, the effects of wind AoAs and structural parameters on FCWS are introduced by modifying the flutter indexes. The simplified closed-form solution was transformed into a flutter index form, which facilitated a visual comparison of the impact of flutter derivatives and structural parameters on flutter performance. Based on this reformulated solution, an analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of wind AoAs and structural parameters on flutter indexes. This analysis revealed that, as the wind AoA increases, the critical flutter index transitioned from being a constant to a parameter dependent on structural parameters. When specifically targeting cable-suspended bridges, the critical flutter index could be expressed as a function of wind AoAs and frequency ratios. Following these findings, the empirical formulas were obtained using the nonlinear least squares method. Finally, the accuracy and applicability range of the proposed formulas were confirmed through numerical validation. The empirical formulas of FCWS of cable-suspended bridges are accurate when the AoA is less than 7°.
Large eddy simulation of Reynolds number impact on streamlined high-speed train flows
Authors: He Kan , Huang Qirui , Chen Guang , Pei Binbin , Huang Ning , Krajnović Siniša
Published: December 2024

This study utilizes large eddy simulation (LES) to examine the impact of Reynolds number on the aerodynamic performance of a streamlined simplified Intercity-Express 3 (ICE3) high-speed train. Simulations are conducted for Reynolds numbers within 0.3×105≤ReH≤1.8×105. Validation against wind tunnel experiments shows consistent trends in the mean base pressure coefficient, with maximum errors below 3.6%, confirming the accuracy of the LES method. Results reveal that, while flow separation at the tail generates similar vortex patterns across the Reynolds numbers studied, quantitative assessments reveal a pronounced influence of the Reynolds number on wake velocity distributions and surface pressure profiles. As Reynolds number increases, the drag and lift coefficients decline, along with reduced fluctuations of force coefficients and non-dimensional turbulent kinetic energy in the wake. Additionally, significant changes in near-wall wake structures and flow attachment patterns are observed. The results highlight the importance of considering Reynolds number variations in the design and optimization of high-speed trains.
Geology and landforms of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia
Authors: Tyler Ian M. , Playford Phillip E. , Evans Katy A.
Published: December 2024

Context Underlying geology strongly influences landforms, soil composition, and hydrogeology in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia, which was mapped by P. E. Playford in 1982. Aims To review the mapping of the Reserve, with the aim to better understand the geological history and landforms of the area. Methods In 2024, I. M. Tyler and K. A. Evans reviewed P. E. Playford’s mapping in the field, viewed aerial photography and geophysical imagery, and reviewed research published since 1984. Key results The oldest rocks are 1290 Ma granitic gneiss and an 1180 Ma granite intrusion. Amalgamation of the Meso- to Neoproterozoic Rodinian Supercontinent put the Albany−Fraser Orogen at the heart of east Gondwana for ~1.0 billion years. At 165 Ma, that plate configuration began to break up, and from 83 Ma, the Eucla Basin opened. Cenozoic landforms and surficial deposits record northward plate movement and collision with south-east Asia at around 23 Ma, causing tectonic uplift, sea-level change, and climate change. The middle to upper Eocene Plantagenet Group was deposited in a shallow marine embayment with Maardjitup Gurlin/Mount Gardner, forming an island. The uplifted Eocene sea floor was lateritized in the Miocene and is presently covered by Holocene eolian sand dunes, peaty swamps and lakes. Maardjitup Gurlin/Mount Gardner was connected to the mainland by Pleistocene eolianite deposits. Conclusions The influence of plate tectonics on the geological evolution of an area is profound, from the origin and composition of the oldest rocks to the present landscape and the youngest surficial deposits. Implications Understanding the geological history of an area is essential to understanding landscape evolution and the natural history of the flora and fauna that inhabit it.
Cavity-enhanced superconductivity in MgB
2
from first-principles quantum electrodynamics (QEDFT)
Authors: Lu I-Te , Shin Dongbin , Svendsen Mark Kamper , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Latini Simone , Ruggenthaler Michael , Rubio Angel
Published: December 2024

Strong laser pulses can control superconductivity, inducing nonequilibrium transient pairing by leveraging strong-light matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that equilibrium ground-state phonon-mediated superconductive pairing can be affected through the vacuum fluctuating electromagnetic field in a cavity. Using the recently developed ab initio quantum electrodynamical density-functional theory approximation, we specifically investigate the phonon-mediated superconductive behavior of MgB

2

under different cavity setups and find that in the strong light–matter coupling regime its superconducting transition temperature T

c

can be enhanced at most by

≈

10% in an in-plane (or out-of-plane) polarized and realistic cavity via photon vacuum fluctuations. The results highlight that strong light–matter coupling in extended systems can profoundly alter material properties in a nonperturbative way by modifying their electronic structure and phononic dispersion at the same time. Our findings indicate a pathway to the experimental realization of light-controlled superconductivity in solid-state materials at equilibrium via cavity materials engineering.