bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЙ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗМА ПОДОПЫТНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ КАЗАХСКОЙ БЕЛОГОЛОВОЙ ПОРОДЫ
Authors: Бактыгалиева А.Т. , Насыров С.Н. , Насыров Ш.С.
Published: January 2023

В статье приведены данные сформированого 4 подопытных групп по 12 бычков. В I и II были отнесены бычки и кастраты заводского шагатайского типа казахского белоголового скота, в III и IV группы – животные-потомки, полученные от скрещивания шагатайских коров с быками уральского герефорда. В статье описывается определение у подопытных групп бычков казахской белоголовой породы разных генотипов естественную резистентность организма. В таблице приведены показатели бактерицидной активности сыворотки крови, лизоцимная активность сыворотки крови, бета-лизины. Для определения неспецифического иммунитета у подопытных бычков брали кровь с яремной вены с утра до кормления животных.
Естественная резистентность сельскохозяйственных животных к различным неблагоприятным воздействиям внешней среды обеспечивается не специфическими факторами защиты, которые имеются в организме с первого дня жизни и сохраняются до самой гибели животного. Среди них решающую роль играют фагоцитоз с его защитным клеточным механизмом и гуморальные факторы резистентности, важнейшими из которых являются лизоцим, опсонин, комплемент и пропердин. Особенностью естественной резистентности в отличие от иммунитета является способность организма наследовать неспецифические факторы защиты.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЕТОДОВ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ДНК ПРИ SNP ГЕНОТИПИРОВАНИИ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА
Authors: Өрқара Ш. Д. , Жансеркенова О.О. , Сандыбаев Н.Т.
Published: January 2023

В статье представлены результаты сравнения методов выделения при проведении SNP генотипирования крупного рогатого скота (КРС). Успешное проведение генотипирования зависит от получения ДНК из образцов в достаточном количестве и качестве для проведения молекулярных реакций. В работе применялись три метода экстракции нуклеиновых кислот. Методика выделения с использованием коммерческого набора PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) показала наибольшую степень выхода и чистоты нуклеиновых кислот. При выделении ДНК из волосяных луковиц КРС набором PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit средняя концентрация ДНК в образцах составила 151,78 нг/мкл, извлечение ДНК комплектом «ДНК-сорб-В» составила 21,51 нг/мкл и фенол-хлороформный метод соответствовал 175,08 нг/мкл. Экстрагированные ДНК животных в дальнейшем использовали для проведения генотипирования SNP методом. Большинство оцененных методов экстракции позволили амплифицировать значительное количество ДНК. Результаты генотипирования в образцах выделенных с применением PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit по сравнению с остальными образцами показали 100 % амплификацию продуктов. Из методов, протестированных в этом исследовании, экстракция данным набором была наиболее эффективной с точки зрения дальнейшего обнаружения ДНК.
амплифицировать значительное количество ДНК. Результаты генотипирования в образцах выделенных с применением PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit по сравнению с остальными образцами показали 100 % амплификацию продуктов. Из методов, протестированных в этом исследовании, экстракция данным набором была наиболее эффективной с точки зрения дальнейшего обнаружения ДНК
Lightweight Classification Network for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Based on CT Images
Authors: Tian Junlin , Zhang Yi , Lei Junqiang , Sun Chunyou , Hu Gang
Published: January 2023

With the continuous development of medical informatics and digital diagnosis, the classification of tuberculosis cases from computed tomography (CT) images of the lung based on deep learning is an important guiding aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Due to its potential application in medical image classification, this task has received extensive research attention. Existing related neural network techniques are still challenging in terms of feature extraction of global contextual information of images and network complexity in achieving image classification. To address these issues, this paper proposes a lightweight medical image classification network based on a combination of Transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of tuberculosis cases from lung CT. The method mainly consists of a fusion of the CNN module and the Transformer module, exploiting the advantages of both in order to accomplish a more accurate classification task. On the one hand, the CNN branch supplements the Transformer branch with basic local feature information in the low level; on the other hand, in the middle and high levels of the model, the CNN branch can also provide the Transformer architecture with different On the other hand, in the middle and high levels of the model, the CNN branches can also provide different local and global feature information to the Transformer architecture to enhance the ability of the model to obtain feature information and improve the accuracy of image classification. A shortcut is used in each module of the network to solve the problem of poor model results due to gradient divergence and to optimise the effectiveness of TB classification. The proposed lightweight model can well solve the problem of long training time in the process of TB classification of lung CT and improve the speed of classification. The proposed method was validated on a computed tomography (CT) image dataset provided by the First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The experimental results show that the proposed lightweight classification network for tuberculosis based on CT medical images of lungs can fully extract the feature information of the input images and obtain high accuracy classification results.
Kanser Gelişiminde Ağır Metallerin Rolü
Authors: TÜRKER Nebiye Pelin
Published: January 2023

Ağır metallere maruz kalma, insan popülasyonunda önemli sağlık sorunlarını temsil etmektedir. Bu elementler, olumsuz sağlık etkisi yaratma yeteneğine sahip olmasının yanı sıra karsinojenezde de etkilidirler. Pubmed gibi araştırma veritabanlarında, bu ağır metallerin neden olduğu çeşitli maruziyetler ve kanserlerle ilgili çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak, yine de bu konuda büyük ölçüde bilgi eksikliği vardır. Bu çalışma, maruz kalınan ağır metallere ve hangi vücut sistemlerinin hedeflendiğine ilişkin çalışmaları içermektedir.
Features of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Joint after Reverse Arthroplasty: а Review
Authors: Chugreev Ivan A. , Fesyun Anatoliy D. , Rozhkova Elena A.
Published: January 2023

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is one of the methods used to treat shoulder joint diseases. The indications for this type of surgery are as follows: clinically expressed arthrosis, including defect arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, fracture–dislocation and fractures of the humeral head, oncopathology of the shoulder joint, avascular necrosis, massive rotator cuff tear and dysfunction of the previously installed prosthesis. To date, various models of reverse endoprostheses based on the principles of P. Grammont are used in clinical practice. Shoulder joint arthroplasty is now being used more and more frequently worldwide. The number of shoulder joint replacement surgeries is expected to increase by more than 200% by 2025. One of the features of reverse arthroplasty is the change of the polarity of the articular surfaces. The design of the prosthetic implant significantly changes the biomechanics of the shoulder joint. Different variations of the design parameters affect the functioning of the joint. In order to achieve optimal volume of movement, it is necessary to carefully select the following characteristics of the implant: the diameter of the glenoidal sphere, the displacement of the scapular component, the displacement of the rotation center and the change in the angle of inclination of the neck of the shoulder component.Understanding the biomechanical features of the shoulder joint after reverse endoprosthetics makes it possible to determine the optimal approach to the rehabilitation treatment of patients after surgery. The main goals of rehabilitation after reverse arthroplasty are: pain minimization and ensuring the healing of postoperative wounds, prevention of postoperative complications (dislocations and periprosthetic fractures), gradual progress of the shoulder motion range, increasing the strength and endurance of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, especially the deltoid muscle. Despite the existence of standard protocols, there are differences in many issues related to postoperative management of patients. This topic needs further development.
Rehabilitation Programs Effectiveness Model: a Retrospective Comparative Study of Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Grishechkina Irina A. , Lobanov Andrey A. , Andronov Sergey V. , Popov Andrey I. , Nikitin Mikhail V. , Terentiyeva Marina V.
Published: January 2023

AIM. To evaluate the expected effectiveness of post-COVID rehabilitation strategies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was conducted August, 2021 – March, 2022 in the republican and federal rehabilitation centers: Krasnodar Territory (n=25), the Republic of Buryatia (n=25), and Moscow (n= 25). The data were obtained by a retrospective analysis of medical records and by interviewing the study participants who had an indication or had been treated in a rehabilitation centre for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (U 09.9). The average length of time after the onset of the acute period of the disease was 6.5 ± 2.5 months. A prognostic model was constructed to estimate the expected effectiveness of the rehabilitation programme, as measured by a reduction in the severity of dyspnea. Nonlinear maximum likelihood logit regression was used to build the model.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. According to the presented model, the best expected rehabilitation effectiveness was found in the National Medical Research Center (Moscow) (β=-1.788685, p=0.009964604), a slightly lower expected rehabilitation effectiveness was
observed in the resort with a curative climate (Krasnodar Territory) (β=0.9913501, p=0.182944), the lowest expected effectiveness was registered in the regional rehabilitation center (the Republic of Buryatia) (β=1.054594 p=0.2642723). The need for an integrated
approach in the treatment of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was pointed out by many domestic and foreign researchers, however, the choice and content of treatment strategies is debatable. Our study provides a preliminary answer to this question.
CONCLUSION. The developed model of the expected effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients suffering from shortness of breath after undergoing COVID-19 has a specificity of 54.54%, sensitivity of 91.3% and an overall accuracy of 84.21%. The best expected rehabilitation effectiveness was found in the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow) (β=-1.788685, p=0.009964604), somewhat lower in the resort with a curative climate (Krasnodar territory) (β=0.9913501, p=0.182944), the lowest expected efficiency was registered in the regional rehabilitation center (the Republic of Buryatia) (β=1.054594 p=0.2642723).
Teacher factors influencing Grade 12 Accounting learners’ performance in the Eswatini General Certificate Secondary Examination
Authors: Mkhize Msizi Vitalis , Mtshali Muntuwenkosi Abraham , Sithebe Khumbuzile
Published: January 2023

This study examined the influence of teacher-related factors on Grade 12 Accounting learners’ performance in the Accounting General Certificate Secondary Examination (GCSE) in Eswatini. A sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design was employed. A stratified random sample for the quantitative phase comprised 400 Accounting learners and 80 Accounting teachers from 10 schools performing well, and from 10 schools performing poorly. Purposive sampling was used for the qualitative phase to select 6 learners and 4 teachers from schools performing well, and 6 learners and 4 teachers from schools performing poorly to participate in the study. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The study revealed that teacher variables affecting learners’ performance in Grade 12 Accounting GCSE in Eswatini were teachers’ attitude, teachers’ absenteeism, non-completion of the syllabus, revision before the examination,assignments to learners, and regularly giving up-to-standard tests. The researcher recommended inter alia that teachers should teach the relevant Accounting content thoroughly during the first and second terms so that enough time is available for revision intended to address knowledge gaps that may occur as a result of learners having not understood some content during the teaching sessions.
Middle leaders and managers’ perspectives of distributive leadership during COVID-19
Authors: Fourie Laurette , Naidoo Parvathy
Published: January 2023

On a global level, COVID-19 has shaken the foundations of every sector. In the South African education context, the traditional methods of teaching, learning, and managing schools changed drastically overnight and management roles and responsibilities were pushed to unprecedented levels. Moreover, the roles of middle leaders and managers took place within a more distributive framework, encouraging school leaders to adopt varying styles of leadership to cope with the demands of COVID-19. For this study, middle leaders constitute departmental heads, grade heads and subject heads. This study utilised a qualitative research design, adopting a case study approach within the interpretivist paradigm. Three departmental heads and seven post level one educators who occupy grade heads/leaders’ roles in a primary school constituted the sample. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with participants to gain their understanding of how distributive leadership was practiced during the pandemic. Four themes emerged, namely leadership styles and factors informing the leadership behaviour and leadership growth of middle leaders and managers in schools; middle leaders’ and managers’ perceptions of distributive leadership and the responsibilities of the different stakeholders; the impact of COVID-19 on distributive leadership as perceived by middle leaders and managers; and the advantages and disadvantages of distributive leadership practices. The study recommends that School Management Teams (SMTs) involve middle leaders and managers to a greater degree to secure an effective ‘buy-in’ to the concept of distributive leadership and that middle managers offer opportunities for others to lead, by developing leadership-specific courses for them. SMTs must also ensure that individuals have a stable working environment where their psychological, sociological, and emotional needs are respected, fulfilled, and validated during any pandemic.
Entrenching internationalisation in African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Oparinde Kunle Musbaudeen , Govender Vaneshree , Moyo Sibusiso
Published: January 2023

In this paper, an attempt was made to locate the role of internationalisation in African Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It is argued that comprehensive international, intercultural, and global dimensions in the affairs of African tertiary institutions provide for a more nuanced and diversified higher education landscape. Through a desk study approach, dwelling mainly on existing literature, the paper examines the issues of internationalisation from the perspectives of diversity and inclusion, as well as the roles of the relevant key players within those institutions to practically deliver internationalisation strategies that will put the institution on a global pedestal while remaining locally and regionally relevant. More importantly, strategies for achieving comprehensive internationalisation are discussed drawing inferences from literature and documentary sources. The interrogation of these sources in relation to the expectations of the current and future HEIs to remain socially relevant and sustainable is carried out. HEIs in Africa must contribute to socio-economic change and engage with their quad-helix and eco-system partners to ensure that high end skills training, knowledge production, entrepreneurship and innovation are accelerated. In so doing, African HEIs must embrace diversity in its fullness including welcoming differences in gender, race, culture, nationality and providing platforms of engagement that allow for inclusion, and breaking silos to allow for a nuanced agenda of internationalisation.
Editorial
Authors: De Wet C
Published: January 2023

During a meeting of the South African Parliament’s portfolio committee on Higher Education, Science and Technology, held on 1 December 2021, Professor Ahmed Bawa, in his position of Chief Executive Officer of Universities South Africa (USAf), identified eight challenges facing South African universities: the continued impact of COVID-19 on higher education; the sustainability of the National Student Financial Aid Scheme funding (NSFAS); the so-called ‘missing middle’ students, i.e. students who do not qualify for financial aid, but cannot afford fees outright; unpaid student debt; insufficient affordable student accommodation; electrical power instability and loadshedding; social unrest and gender-based violence; and lastly the impact of the faltering South African economy on higher education. In this edition of Perspectives in Education (PiE), the first nine articles focus on challenges faced by students and academic in higher education in South Africa.
BEHAVIOR OF PRE-STRESSED INTERSECTING CABLE STEEL BRIDGE
Authors: Dabrila Povilas
Published: January 2023

Cable-stayed bridges are known as one of the most effective and graceful forms of bridges. The main problem in the design of cable-stayed steel bridges is their deformability, especially under asymmetrical loads. Stabilization of the initial form of cable-stayed bridges can be achieved by selecting the appropriate cross-sectional area of the cables and their pre-stressing, as well as by increasing the cross-sectional height of the stiffness beam. However, a greater effect can be achieved by applying new forms of such bridges. Solutions for such bridges with an atypical arrangement of cables and additional pylons are already applied in practice. The article discusses an innovative pre-tensioned intersecting cable steel bridge structure system. The behavior of this bridge system under permanent and temporary loads is analyzed. Based on the performed numerical experiment, the efficiency of the innovative cable-stayed steel bridge system was determined. This newly designed bridge system is more effective in terms of stress and displacement distribution than a classic cable-stayed bridge system.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials after Immersion in Different Acidic Media
Authors: Elmarakby Ahmed M. , Alanazi Atheer M. , Alotaibi Nujood , Al Bahrain Isra , Alshamali Renad , Ameer Sarah Mohammed , Lsloom Shahad , Khaled Haneen
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Background: Dental erosion that resulted from increasing the acidity of oral conditions not only affects tooth substrates but also the performance of some esthetic restorations. Objective: The aim of the current study was to measure and evaluate the surface roughness of different tooth colored restorative materials (resin composites) after immersion for certain time in different acidic food and drinks. Material and method: Three types of composite restoration have been used in this study. The three types were of three main groups. Each group of twenty specimens (n= 20) were divided according to type of acidic media they were immersed in into five sub-groups (n=4). Different acidic beverages and drinks were used in this study include Coke Cola soft drink, orange juice, Pepsi soft drink, sports drink, and lemon juice. Immersion of specimens’ in previously mentioned acidic drinks were for 5 minutes then they have been immersed in distilled water to simulate to great extent what happened in oral cavity. These procedures repeated daily for 14 days. Surface roughness for specimens have been measured by a profilo-meter (Talysurf CLI 1000, Leicester, England) device before and after immersion. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The assessment of surface roughness by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests showed significant differences for composite material types as well as an interaction between these parameters for each composite after immersion in different acidic beverages (P<.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, results revealed that composition of both resin composite and different acidic beverages and drinks play an important role in initiation and conduction of surface roughness at the outer surface of resin composite restoration.
Comparing the Effect of Activated Charcoal Whitening Agents against Regular Whitening Toothpastes on the Enamel Surface of Premolar Teeth: In vitro Study
Authors: Mourad Lougine Mostafa El-Khousht Mahmoud , Elzainy Medhat Ahmed , Hussein Safaa Ismail
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: There has been increase in demand to use natural whitening agents nowadays which include activated charcoal. Activated charcoal has gained popularity recently with various claims to its benefits that have not been proven.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of activated charcoal whitening agents and regular whitening tooth paste on enamel surface of first premolars and to compare between the effects of materials used.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one mandibular first premolars were used and divided into control group: untreated teeth that were later incorporated into experimental group. Experimental group: Consisting of three subgroups: Subgroup I: treated with Carbon Coco. Subgroup II: treated with Venu activated charcoal. Subgroup III: treated with Crest 3D white. Brushing was done nine s for 30 days then teeth were preserved in artificial saliva.

RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopic results showed areas with rodless enamel more observed in Subgroup III than Subgroups I and II. EREs were more numerous on Subgroups I and II than Subgroup III on enamel surface. Partially occluded EREs with precipitates were more observed on Subgroups I and II than Subgroup III. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis results for calcium showed significant increase between all groups with control. The highest value was recorded in Subgroup II followed by Subgroups I and III while control group was the lowest one. Phosphorous showed significant increase between all groups with control. The highest value was recorded in Subgroup I followed by Subgroups III and II while control group was the lowest one. Micro-hardness results of Subgroups I and II showed significant increase compared to control group and no significant difference between control and Subgroup III was detected.

CONCLUSION: Powder form activated charcoal is more abrasive than whitening toothpastes. There is no visible difference between pure 100% activated charcoal powder and charcoal powder with additives to it.v
Multi-year monitoring of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) and other shorebirds in The Bahamas
Authors: Jeffery Matthew , Golder Walker , Rock Jen , Gratto-Trevor Cheri , Maddock Sidney , Elliott-Smith Elise , Spiegel Caleb , Linero Triana Daniela
Published: January 2023

The Bahamas provides a wide range of crucial coastal habitats to many declining resident and migratory birds. Amongst these species is the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), whose breeding populations are all listed as federally threatened or endangered in the United States and Canada. This species winters in the southern U.S. and the Caribbean, including The Bahamas, spending most of the year on the wintering grounds. Nonetheless, prior to the census data presented here, reports of Piping Plovers from The Bahamas were few and incidental. Therefore, repeated surveys are essential to increase understanding of the distribution, abundance and movement patterns of Piping Plovers and other shorebirds in the Bahamian territory. This dataset provides information on the abundance and distribution of the Piping Plover across multiple islands and much of the suitable habitat that exists in The Bahamas. It also provides some information on the variability of Piping Plover count data and presence of other shorebird species. Furthermore, these data may serve as baseline information on Piping Plover abundance and shorebird site occupancy by which to assess key candidate sites for protection and also future impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise and hurricanes.

The National Audubon Society (NAS), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a multi-year shorebird census in The Bahamas. Surveys initiated by ECCC and many other collaborators were also part of a multi-year survival study. Censuses were conducted across 16 different islands between the years 2006 and 2020. These surveys were performed with the cooperation of the Bahamas National Trust (BNT), volunteer biologists and scientists from the United States and Canada. Biologists working with NAS, ECCC and USGS used satellite imagery, historical records and local knowledge from Bahamian residents to identify sites with suitable habitat for Piping Plovers. Experienced researchers visited each site during winter (November-February), identified and counted Piping Plovers and, when possible, other bird species in each of the sampled locations. In total, the resulting database holds 2,684 observations of 62 bird species, of which 77% belong to 24 shorebird species. Approximately 30% of all presence records belong to the Piping Plover. It is important to emphasise that the counts reported in this dataset represent minimum estimates of local shorebird assemblages. Since abundance and distribution of birds vary with changing conditions, representative estimates are best achieved via repeated surveys that reflect a range of conditions including timing (day, year, month), weather (wind direction and speed, precipitation), tide state etc.
Methods of dislocation structure characterization in A IIIB V semiconductor single crystals
Authors: Knyazev Stanislav N. , Kudrya Aleksandr V. , Komarovskiy Nikita Yu. , Parkhomenko Yuri N. , Molodtsova Elena V. , Yushchuk Vyacheslav V.
Published: January 2023

The development pace of advanced electronics raises the demand for semiconductor single crystals and strengthens the requirements to their structural perfection. Dislocation density and distribution pattern are most important parameters of semiconductor single crystals which determine their performance as integrated circuit components. Therefore studies of the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation, slip and distribution are among the most important tasks which make researchers face the choice of suitable analytical methods. This work is an overview of advanced methods of studying and evaluating dislocation density in single crystals. Brief insight has been given on the main advantages and drawbacks of the methods overviewed and experimental data have been presented. The selective etching method (optical light microscopy) has become the most widely used one and in its conventional setup is quite efficient in the identification of scrap defects and in dislocation density evaluation by number of etch pits per vision area. Since the introduction of digital light microscopy and the related transfer from image analysis to pixel intensity matrices and measurement automation, it has become possible to implement quantitative characterization for the entire cross-section of single crystal wafers and analyze structural imperfection distribution pattern. X-ray diffraction is conventionally used for determination of crystallographic orientation but it also allows evaluating dislocation density by rocking curve broadening in double-crystal setup. Secondary electron scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy allow differentiating etch patterns by origin and studying their geometry in detail. Transmission electron microscopy and induced current method allow obtaining micrographs of discrete dislocations but require labor-consuming preparation of experimental specimens. X-ray topography allows measuring bulky samples and also has high resolution but is hardly suitable for industry-wide application due to the high power consumption of measurements.

Digital image processing broadens the applicability range of basic dislocation structure analytical methods in materials science and increases the authenticity of experimental results.
Scratching the surface: a new species of Bent-toed gecko (Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cyrtodactylus) from Timor-Leste of the darmandvillei group marks the potential for future discoveries
Authors: Chan Kin Onn , Grismer L. Lee , Santana Fernando , Pinto Pedro , Loke Frances W. , Conaboy Nathan
Published: January 2023

A new species of limestone-dwelling Bent-toed gecko (genus Cyrtodactylus) is described from Nino Konis Santana National Park in the far-east region of Timor-Leste. Both genetic and morphological data strongly support the evolutionary distinctness of the new species, which we describe herein as Cyrtodactylus santanasp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ND2 mitochondrial gene inferred the new species as part of the C. darmandvillei group with close genetic affinities to C. batucolus, C. seribuatensis, C. petani, C. sadleiri, and two undescribed lineages from the Moluccas in Indonesia. The new species represents the first species of Cyrtodactylus identified at the species level from Timor-Leste and fills an important gap in our understanding of the biogeography and evolutionary history of Cyrtodactylus especially in the Wallacean region. Our results strongly suggest that the diversity of Cyrtodactylus in Wallacea is still underestimated and many more unnamed species remain to be described.
Coming to life
Authors: Howe Jan Niklas , Steinau Christian
Published: January 2023

Depuis le xviii e  siècle, les statues ne sont plus uniquement considérées comme des objets artistiques mais aussi comme des objets anthropologiques qui tissent un lien entre le passé et le présent. La statue conserve alors cette signification dans le romantisme allemand du début du xix e  siècle, mais sa valeur anthropologique a changé : à cet effet, nous proposons une lecture d’un texte qui nous paraît exemplaire de cette évolution, Das Marmorbild (1818) d’Eichendorff. De fait, la statue de marbre n’y donne plus lieu à un usage idéalisé de l’Antiquité ; au contraire, la rencontre entre l’humain et la statue est devenue violente et traumatisante. Dans le récit d’Eichendorff, on assiste à la fois à la persistance du mythe de Pygmalion d’une statue animée et au fantasme d’un réveil de l’Antiquité. Cependant, les statues se mettent à incarner autant le désir que la peur. Tout au long du récit, la statue se situe des deux côtés de la frontière entre la vie et la mort. Le lien entretenu avec le passé n’est plus celui donnant accès à une Antiquité idéale rêvée mais celui d’une plongée dans un monde personnel, onirique et terrifiant.
Entre modernité, tradition et conventions : la figure du/de la pédagogue chez Mary Wollstonecraft, Maria Edgeworth et Hannah More
Authors: Misset Juliette
Published: January 2023

Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth et Mary Wollstonecraft sont trois auteures à l’influence considérable pendant la période, qui ont écrit des romans qualifiés d’édifiants par la critique lors de leur première publication. Elles investissent la figure lockienne du pédagogue bienveillant dans leurs romans, où la question de l’émancipation intellectuelle par l’éducation prônée par la philosophie des Lumières entre en tension avec les conventions sociales qui pèsent sur les femmes.
Les Lumières entre confusions et controverses
Authors: Abrougui Sarra
Published: January 2023

Depuis plusieurs années, quelques positions de Voltaire sont visées par des critiques sévères qui lui attribuent des étiquettes pour le moins arbitraires et aléatoires. Considéré comme l’apôtre de la tolérance et comme un militant acharné contre le fanatisme religieux, Voltaire est accusé d’antisémitisme, de racisme, d’islamophobie et de sexisme par certains intellectuels et historiens qui font une lecture plus ou moins partielle de quelques extraits en les décontextualisant et en les détournant de leur vrai objectif. Mal discernée, une partie de la pensée de Voltaire est parfois instrumentalisée au service d’une cause ou d’une idéologie. C’est pourquoi cette étude se propose non seulement de s’interroger sur les modalités, les sources et le bien fondé d’une telle démarche critique, mais d’éclaircir aussi certaines zones d’ombre de la vie de Voltaire et de son œuvre. Aussi le traitement littéraire de quelques extraits est-il nécessaire pour bien saisir ses idées et éviter certains amalgames fort récurrents.
Identifier la couleur : définitions et conceptions de la couleur dans les dictionnaires et les encyclopédies des XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Grimaldi Claudio
Published: January 2023

La période qui va du xvi e  siècle au xviii e  siècle constitue une époque de réflexion sur la couleur très prospère où l’on dépasse les conceptions proposées par les théories d’Aristote et de Platon pour arriver à de nouvelles conceptions liées à la réalisation d’expériences scientifiques remarquables. Dans cette contribution nous nous proposons d’essayer d’identifier ce que les contemporains des xvii e et xviii e  siècles désignaient par « couleur » et pour cela d’étudier les multiples réalités ou perceptions qui se cachent derrière le mot « couleur ». Pour notre analyse nous utilisons comme corpus de référence les dictionnaires universels et les encyclopédies de l’âge classique ( Dictionnaire de Furetière [édition de 1690], Trévoux [édition de 1771] et Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers [1751-1772]). Notre objectif est, d’une part, de comprendre les conceptions de la couleur à une époque où les ouvrages lexicographiques sont conçus comme les répertoires de toutes les connaissances acquises par les lexicographes et les savants pendant plusieurs siècles de recherches et d’expériences scientifiques ; d’autre part, nous visons également à mettre au jour les valences sociales, culturelles et symboliques que ces mêmes conceptions de la couleur induisent.
« Qui peut nommer de certaines couleurs changeantes… ? » : les fards et la construction des identités au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Lanoë Catherine
Published: January 2023

Initiés et développés dans le cadre des cours européennes de la modernité, les usages des fards blancs et rouges relèvent d’abord de la volonté de se conformer aux représentations hiérarchiques du corps social. En retour, cependant, la consommation aristocratique de ces fards accrédite leur valeur d’usage et promeut de proche en proche, jusqu’au xviii e  siècle, le développement de leur consommation, de leur production, le développement d’un large marché de la beauté. Très médiatisées, abondamment critiquées, ces appropriations « démocratisées » des fards exercent bientôt une pression sur les repères identitaires traditionnels de la société d’ordres. Elles s’avèrent déterminantes dans l’élaboration d’autres systèmes de valeur et d’autres modèles de représentations des identités sociales, sexuées et individuelles.
Le détour par les Lumières. Enquête sur les fondements du concept d’Éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale (ECM) défini par l’UNESCO
Authors: Coignard Tristan
Published: January 2023

La contribution examine la conception de l’éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale qui sous-tend la proposition institutionnelle promue par l’UNESCO depuis 2012. S’appuyant sur les controverses suscitées par ce modèle, T. Coignard montre comment le détour par les Lumières permet de cerner dans quelle mesure certaines interrogations contemporaines avaient déjà fait l’objet de réflexions au xviii e  siècle. Une réhabilitation de l’héritage des Lumières apparaît comme une voie prometteuse pour améliorer le concept.
L’Espion persan ?
Authors: Volpilhac-Auger Catherine
Published: January 2023

La critique tient pour certain que L’Espion turc est un des modèles des Lettres persanes  ; ne serait-ce pas plutôt un contre-modèle, qui pourrait même avoir été implicitement dénoncé par Montesquieu ? De Marana, celui-ci retient peut-être quelques audaces métaphysiques, et surtout l’idée que la fiction permet d’ouvrir le champ de la philosophie.
The Impact of Corneal Epithelial Thickening and Inhomogeneity on Corneal Aberrations After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Liu Mingming , Jin Chengcheng , Lu Lili , Yuan Ying , Chen Chaoyue , Zhao Ting , Ke Bilian
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the corneal epithelial remodeling profile after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), the correlated explanatory variables, and its potential impact on corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs).

Methods:

This single-center study prospectively evaluated 75 right eyes of 75 patients scheduled for SMILE. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography device was used to automatically obtain central 6-mm corneal epithelial thickness (ET), total corneal HOAs, and individual Zernike components before and after surgery. The ET inhomogeneity over the central 3- and 6-mm cornea was quantified with coefficient of variance (CV).

Results:

Both ET and CV significantly increased 1 month postoperatively (all
P
< .05). The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ET and CV were significantly correlated with preoperative ET and CV, respectively (all
P
< .01). The corrected spherical equivalent also significantly influenced ET and CV (all
P
< .01). Over the central 6-mm zone, the alterations of total corneal HOAs and individual Zernike components such as vertical coma (Z7) and spherical aberration (Z12, Z24) were significantly correlated with ET and CV (all
P
< .05).

Conclusions:

The SMILE-induced epithelial remodeling involved both ET and ET inhomogeneity. The modulation was associated with preoperative and treatment parameters, and exerted a significant impact on corneal HOA alterations especially over the central 6-mm cornea. Together with the amount of correction and corneal curvature gradient change, preoperative assessment of ET and ET inhomogeneity might help predict postoperative epithelial remodeling.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(1):23–32.]
Period-doubling bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation of a discrete predator-prey model with Allee effect and cannibalism
Authors: Ba Zhuo , Li Xianyi
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a discrete predator-prey model incorporating Allee effect and cannibalism is derived from its continuous version by semidiscretization method. Not only the existence and local stability of fixed points of the discret system are investigated, but more important, the sufficient conditions for the occurrence of its period-doubling bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are obtained using the center manifold theorem and local bifurcation theory. Finally some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the existence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. The outcome of the study reveals that this discrete system undergoes various bifurcations including period-doubling bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation.
Numerical study of stagnation point flow of Casson-Carreau fluid over a continuous moving sheet
Authors: Sadiq Murad Muhammad Amin , Hamasalh Faraidun Kadir , Ismael Hajar F.
Published: January 2023

This paper is devoted to analysis the behavior of heat transfer of Casson-Carreau fluid at the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point with thermal radiation over a continuous moving sheet. The suitable similarity transform is utilized to transfer the governing differential equations into a system of differential equations and then solve the converted non-linear system by the collocation technique based on the B-spline function (CTBS) and Runge-Kutta method (RK). The quasi-linearization technique is utilized to approach the non-linear equations of the model to a system of linear equations and used CTBS to acquire the solution of the system of linear equations. The obtained results are investigated with the present literature by direct comparison. It is found that an increment in the value of the Weissenberg number decreases the velocity profile and enhances the temperature profile for Casson and Carreau fluids. Conversely, increasing the values of the magnetic parameter, shrinking parameter, and Casson fluid parameter improve the velocity profile and depreciate the thermal distribution. Further, the temperature profile declines with an improvement in radiation parameter and Prandtl number for Casson and Carreau fluids. The influence of distinct physical parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are depicted via tables and illustrative graphs.
Social determinants of tuberculosis in Nigeria: an ecological approach
Authors: Daniel Olusoji , Adejumo Olusola , Bamidele Janet , Alabi Adekunle , Gbadebo Abiola , Oritogun Kolawole
Published: January 2023

Background: Nigeria is 4th among 22 tuberculosis high-burden countries. However, TB is not evenly distributed in the country, presumably due to state-specific risk factors.Objectives: This study maps TB and socioeconomic risk factors in Nigeria.Methods: State-level age/sex standardized tuberculosis notification data was utilized in an ecological design to evaluate the spatial distribution of TB in Nigeria and its social and economic consequences between 2012 and 2015. Negative binomial regression analysis examined the relationship between TB and five state-level covariates: HIV, BCG coverage, GDP per capita, percentage underweight, and percentage treatment success rate. Global and Local Moran’s I test statistics in R were used for spatial analysis.Results: The mean age/sex TB CNR was 54.4/100,000. Non-spatial ecological regression analysis found that TB was greater in states with high HIV, low BCG, low GDP per capita, and low TB death rates. Three states—Nasarawa, Benue, and Taraba—had high TB rates and spatially auto-correlated TB CNRs.Conclusions:  TB case notification differed by age and gender. Economically-disadvantaged states exhibited higher TB case notification, HIV prevalence, lower BCG coverage, and lower mortality rates. The study found three TB hotspots. To reduce the national TB notification rate discrepancy, TB policies should incorporate social variables and target high-risk states with specific initiatives.
Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Desbarats A J , Percival J B
Published: January 2023

Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec,
Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and
mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include
chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the
water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and
Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L
in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is
strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these
elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
The application value of the anatomy and treatment of inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Jinghao , He Bosheng
Published: January 2023

The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the blood supply vessel in the left colorectal cancer (CRC) and is the focus for clinicians during the operation of the left-sided CRC. Different IMA treatment methods will affect the blood supply of the anastomotic bowel after the operation, thus affecting the prognosis. Nevertheless, the individual anatomical variation rate of IMA is great. It is the crucial to perform precise high/low ligation and standardized lymph node dissection according to the anatomical characteristics of IMA in laparoscopic radical resection of left-sided CRC. In the present study, we reviewed the effects of IMA length, classification, the relationship with adjacent vessels and ureter, and different IMA treatments on the prognosis of patients.