bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio Terrorism… Time to wake up!!!!
Authors: Coutinho Amita , Rashmi A.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Terrorism refers to the use or threat of force or violence against people or property. Bioterrorism is the term used for terroristic activities in which biological substances are used to cause harm to other people. Bioterrorism is a combination of biological warfare and terrorism and due to particular events bioterrorism has received lot of attention recently. A bioterrorist attack releases viruses, bacteria, or other germs to cause illness or death. These biological agents are typically found in nature. But they can sometimes be made more harmful by increasing their ability to cause or spread disease, or to resist medical treatment. This review will enlighten the potential role of various health sciences, in particular we; dentists, in combating bioterrorism.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE RESTORATIONS-A PARADIGM SHIFT ??
Authors: Arora Satyaki , Reddy V.V. Subba , Sathyajith Naik N. , Shashibhushan K.K.
Published: July 2019

Our dental schooling and training has been based on concepts with amalgams, and for most of us this has proved to be in good stead. But let us examine this a little further
TOOTH SUPPORTED OVER DENTURE - AN APPROACH TO PREVENTIVE PROSTHODONTIC: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Setty Manasali Bheema , Ramesh Nadiger K. , Saquib Shaik A
Published: July 2019

Over denture is favoured treatment modality for an elderly patient with few remaining teeth, because of adaptation to wearing is facilitated. Roots maintained under the denture base preserve the alveolar ridge, provide sensory feedback and improve the stability of the dentures. In comparison with complete dentures, overdentures may provide better functions. The most common problem of mandibular complete denture is retention & stability and alveolar ridge resorption; hence care must be taken to preserve it.
Minimally Invasive Demineralized Hard Tissue Repair: Remineralization
Authors: Dhanyakumar N.M. , Jayakumar T , Khaitan Anshuman
Published: July 2019

Caries is a disease caused by a multifactorial process and it remains a major public health problem in most communities even though the prevalence of the disease has decreased. One of the recent trends in caries control includes minimally invasive treatment of the lesions by reversal of mineral loss by remineralization. Restorative treatment options are advised only when the carious process has resulted in more extensive damage, and form, function or esthetics need to be restored. This article reviews the various remineralization stratezies and their role in remineralizing tooth structure.
Microwave Histotechnology Vs Conventional Histotechnology: A Review
Authors: Selvamani M , Shruthi B S , Kumar P Vinodh
Published: July 2019

Turnaround time is an important consideration in surgical pathology. Attempts to shorten the time necessary for making a histopathological slide from the surgical tissue has been tried in various ways since many decades without compromising the quality of it. One amongst such attempt is the introduction of microwave to the field of his totechnology.

Microwaves, a form of electromagnetic wave induced heat when applied in histotechnology, reproducibly yields histolologic material of similar or superior quality to that provided by conventional processing methods making it more popular in the recent years. A laboratory microwave offers features like maximum output of 2000-3000 watts, an in built source of adjustable temperature probe, facility for ventilation of hazardous fumes, but is expensive. Considering the usefulness of microwave in histotechnology by reducing the time required for the diagnosis, replacing the conventional equipments of laboratories to microwave guided ones is a remarkable and an acceptable change.
ANTERIOR LOOP CONNECTOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE IN REPLACING MISSING CENTRAL INCISOR: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Hiremath Vinutha , Ashwini B.L.
Published: July 2019

Replacement of single anterior tooth is a complex, challenging procedure that can be accomplished with implant-supported restorations as well as conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal and resin-bonded fixed partial dentures. Different esthetic treatment options must be explored iri treating such patients. Drifting of teeth into the edentulous area may reduce the available pontic space; whereas a diastema existing before an extraction may result in excessive mesiodistal dimension to the pontic space. Although rarely used, loop connectorsare sometimes required to address this problem of excessive mesio-distalpontic space. Loop connectors offer a simple solution for a situation involving an anterior edentulous space albeit with the maintenance of the diastema. This article presents a case with excessive space in the anterior region treated witha loop connector to achieve ideal esthetic results in the maxillary anterior segment.
MANAGEMENT OF VERTICAL TOOTH FRACTURE WITH BANDING - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Dhanya Kumar N.M , Jain Ishu
Published: July 2019

Aim

To present a case of vertical tooth fracture treated by adhesive bonding and banding before root canal treatment.

Method

In this case, a vertically fractured maxillary premolar was stabilized by adhesive resin and orthodontic stainless steel band followed by root canal treatment.

Conclusion

The prognosis of teeth with cracks depends on the location and extent of the crack. Early recognition and treatment is the key to proper management.
MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT PATIENTS IN DENTAL PRACTICE
Authors: Tatuskar Pramod
Published: July 2019

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman's lifetime. Good oral health during pregnancy is important to the overall health of both the expectant mother and her baby. Therefore, it is important to maintain good oral health during pregnancy because it has the potential to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria from mothers to their children. Dental care is safe for the pregnant patient and can prevent long term health problems for both mother and child. During pregnancy dental treatment may be modified but need not be withheld, provided that the risk assessment is made properly for both the patient and the fetus. Oral changes in the mouth are due to the alteration in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. This variation in the female sex hormones causes an increase in oral vasculature permeability and decrease in the host immunity, thus making the pregnant woman more prone to oral infections. Although pregnancy is not a contraindication to dental treatments, the clinician should consult with the patient's physician to clarify individual treatment issues. When prescribing medication during pregnancy, the main concern is the risk of teratogenesis, because drugs cross the placenta by simple diffusion. Drugs are administered during pregnancy only when they are essential for the pregnant woman's well-being, and the drug of choice should always be the one that is the least toxic. Prescribing of systemic drugs of any kind ideally should be performed after consultation with the general medical practitioner or obstetrician.
CBCT IN CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS - A REVIEW
Authors: Lokhande Prakash , SHIVAMURTHY G.B , KR SRIVASTAVA SAURAV
Published: July 2019

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three-dimensional information of the maxillofacial skeleton, including the teeth and their surrounding tissues with a significantly lower effective radiation dose compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The system overcomes many of the limitations of conventional radiography by producing undistorted, three-dimensional images of the area under examination. These properties make this form of imaging particularly suitable for use in endodontics. The clinician can obtain an enhanced appreciation of the anatomy being assessed, leading to an improvement in the detection of endodontic disease and resulting in more effective treatment planning. In addition, CBCT operates with a significantly lower effective radiation dose when compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The aim of this paper is to review current literature on the applications and limitations of CBCT in the management of endodontic problems.
Photo activated disinfection in Restorative Dentistry: A technical review
Authors: Deepak BS , Mallikarjun Goud K , Nishanth P
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent developments regarding photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of restorative dentistry. A search of pertinent literature was carried out in PubMed to determine the current applications of photo activated disinfection (PAD) in dentistry. This overview will provide the practitioners, the current status and use of PAD. Within the limitations of the present review, it can be concluded that although PAD cannot replace antimicrobial therapy at its current stage, it may be used as an adjunctive tool in restorative dentistry. Further long-term clinical studies are necessary in establishing a more specific place of the technique in the field of dentistry.

How to cite this article

Deepak BS, Mallikarjun GK, Nishanth P. Photo activated disinfection in Restorative Dentistry: A technical review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;16-18
An overview of occupational hazards in dental practice and preventive measures
Authors: Shamnur Naveen , Poorya Naik D.S , Chetan S , Gopal Krishna. B.R
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to review the occupational hazards related to the practice of Dentistry. The classification of hazards is based on major sources of risk by system or tissue and by dental office area (dental chair, laboratory, sterilization area, x-ray developing area). Potentially hazardous factors relate to the general practice setting; to specific materials and tools that expose the operator to vision and hearing risks; to chemical substances with known allergenic, toxic, or irritating actions; to increased microbial counts and silica particles of the aerosols produced during tooth preparation, removal of restorations; to ergonomic considerations that might have an impact on the provider's musculoskeletal system; and to psychological stress with proven undesirable sequalae. The identification and elimination of these risk factors should be incorporated into a standard practice management program as an integral part of dental education. Professional organizations can also assist in informing practitioners of potential hazards and methods to deal with them.

How to cite this article

Poorya Naik DS, Chetan S, Gopal Krishna BR, Naveen S. An overview of occupational hazards in dental practice and preventive measures. CODS J Dent 2014;6;19-25
Hopeless to hopeful: Management of an endo-perio lesion with an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Pramod VT , LNU Shobhaprakash , Sadiya S
Published: July 2019

Endodontic–periodontal lesions pose challenge to the clinician as far as diagnosis and prognosis of the involved teeth are concerned. The pathways for the spread of bacteria between pulpal and periodontal tissues are controversial. Treatment and prognosis of endodontic–periodontal diseases vary and depend on the cause and the correct diagnosis of specific condition. This case report describes a successful treatment of a 44 year old male patient who reported with a chief compliant of pain in the right upper and lower tooth back region of the jaw since 20 days. Clinical examination revealed deep pockets and furcation involvement between maxillary right first and second molars. Radiographic examination showed bone loss and furcation involvement. Non-vital root resection with maxillary first molar was planned. Prior to root resection, root canal treatment was performed and then rehabilitated with full metal crown.

How to cite this article

Pramod VT, Shobhaprakash, Sadiya S. Hopeless to hopeful: Management of an endo-perio lesion with an interdisciplinary approach - A case report: CODS J Dent 2014;6;112-116
Acute phase reactants - A review
Authors: Vandana KV , Vandana KL
Published: July 2019

The acute phase refers to physiological and metabolic alterations that ensue immediately after onset of infection or tissue injury. A variety of changes in the organism act in concern to neutralize the inflammatory agent and faster healing of damaged tissues. In contrast with the specificity of cellular and humoral immunity, the acute phase changes are nonspecific and occur in response to many conditions.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in response to a predominantly Gram-negative bacterial infection originating from dental plaque. Increased levels of acute-phase proteins have been noted with gingival inflammation, including during experimental gingivitis and periodontitis, reflecting the locally stressed environment. Here, an attempt is made to discuss the importance of acute phase reactants.

How to cite this article

Vandana KV, Vandana KL. Acute phase reactants - A review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;96-101
Director's Message
Authors: Reddy V.V. Subba
Published: July 2019

How to site this article

Subba Reddy VV. Director's Message. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 01
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An overview
Authors: Manohar Mala Ram , Talesra Juhi
Published: July 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea, is a common disorder that is characterized by repetitive partial or complete cessation of air flow, associated with oxy-hemoglobin desaturation and increased effort to breath. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea can be divided into four general categories. These include: lifestyle modification, upper airway surgery, oral appliances, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Although the CPAP provides the most reliable therapeutic modality, it is the most cumbersomeone. Many patients, particularly young non-apneic snorers, find it unappealing, difficult to tolerate, and unacceptable. The only other non-invasive alternative, which can producefavourable results within a short time, is oral appliances.

How to cite this article

Manohar MR, Talesra J. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An overview. CODS J Dent 2015;7:19-22
Gingival tissue management in Restorative Dentistry
Authors: Sreedhara S , Katta Prashanth Kumar
Published: July 2019

The periodontium that surrounds the tooth should be healthy for the optimum functioning of the tooth. The gingiva which is a part of the periodontium must be healthy as well so that that any iatrogenic procedures don't damage the gingiva. The concept of biologic width must be well understood to properly manage the gingiva during any restorative procedures.

How to cite this article

Katta PK, Sreedhara S. Gingival tissue management in Restorative Dentistry. CODS J Dent 2015;7:33-35.
Neutral zone concept for unstable mandibular complete denture: A case report
Authors: Kumari Nirmala , Kalavathi M. , Sachin Bhuvana , Jain Jayesh
Published: July 2019

The tooth position and flange contour have great influence on the stability of a denture. We should not be dogmatic and insist that teeth be placed over the crest of the ridge, buccal or lingual to the ridge. Teeth should be placed as dictated by the musculature, and this will vary for different patients. The neutral zone technique is the most effective way of improving the stability of complete denture especially for patients with atrophic ridges or diminished neuromuscular control. The technique involves recording neutral zone using tissue conditioner and fabrication of a denture which is in harmony with the surrounding oral musculature. This article aims to increase the awareness of dental practitioners to use neutral zone concept in case of denture stability difficulties.

How to cite this article

Sachin B, Jain J, Kalavathi M., Kumari N, Neutral zone concept for unstable mandibular complete denture: A case report, CODS J Dent 2015;7:45-47.
Concrescence of impacted mandibular third molar with a fourth molar
Authors: Deepa D , Arun Kumar K.V
Published: July 2019

Concrescence is a developmental anomaly of tooth in which fusion between two completely formed roots takes place at the cementum. It may involve either deciduous or permanent teeth. Concrescence is mostly observed in maxillary than in mandibular teeth. A rare case of impacted mandibular third molar fused with a supernumerary molar has been reported here.

How to cite this article

Arun Kumar KV, Deepa D. Concrescence of impacted mandibular third molar with a fourth molar - A Rare Case Report. CODS J Dent 2015;7:48-49.
Bone Grafts in Periodontics-A Review
Authors: Pramod VT
Published: July 2019

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy should not be limited to the establishment and maintenance of periodontal health. The potential for regeneration of the hard and soft periodontal tissues lost to disease should be considered. Of all the bone grafting materials being developed, the demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) has been used as a substitute for bone graft for more than four decades. The basis for the use of any bone grafting material is to induce bone formation. In this article various bone grafts and biomaterials used are reviewed.

How to cite this article

Tatuskar P, Prakash S. Bone Grafts in Periodontics -A Review. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 64-70.
The Nose and its Clinical Implications in Orthodontics: An Overview
Authors: Manohar Mala Ram , Goswami Pratibha
Published: July 2019

The nose with a central position in the face, plays a major role in facial esthetics and thereof in treatment planning. With a growing number of patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic reasons, it is of prime importance to have a sound understanding of what constitutes ideal soft tissue harmony . The nose with its protrusive structure must be envisioned with its composite supportive framework which is a major determinant of its shape.

How to cite this article

Manohar MR, Goswami P. The Nose and its Clinical Implications in Orthodontics: An Overview. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 71-75.
Techniques for Interim Rrestorations in Fixed Partial Denture Prosthesis – A Review
Authors: Praveen B , Prasanna B.G , Harsha Sri , Chandana N.
Published: July 2019

It is important for the tooth or teeth to be protected and that the patients be kept comfortable while a permanent restoration is being fabricated. By successful management of this phase, the dentist can gain patients confidence and favorably influence the ultimate success of the final restoration. Therefore costly chair side time must not be wasted but the dentist must produce an acceptable restoration. This paper reviews the techniques for custom provisional restorations.

How to cite this article: Praveen B, Prasanna B.G, Harsha S, Chandana N. Techniques for Interim Rrestorations in Fixed Partial Denture Prosthesis – A Review. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 76-83.
Hereditary Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sinha Shagun
Published: July 2019

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a diverse group of disorders characterized by blister formation with tissue separation occurring at variable depths in the skin and oral mucosa depending on the specific EB type. Oral tissue fragility and blistering is common to all EB types. However oral debilitation as a result of soft tissue scarring is primarily limited to the recessive dystrophic EB subtypes. Due to extreme mucosal fragility such patients are managed by modified dental care practices. This case report describes a rare case of recessive dystrophic EB.

How to cite this article: Neena IE, Sinha S, Poornima P, Pallavi Urs. Hereditary Dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa- A Rare Case Report. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 84-86
Tuberculosis of Oral Mucosa Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report
Authors: Pramod RC , Suresh K V , Sunil L A , Mohan Kumar K P
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic infectious disease that seldom takes an oral form. Because of the still increased incidence of TB in our country, in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral ulcerations, tuberculosis should always be considered. Oral TB is frequently overlooked as a possible cause of oral ulceration. Therefore dentists should be aware of the possible occurrence of TB of the oral cavity.

How to cite this article: Pramod R C, Suresh K V, Sunil L A, Mohan Kumar K P. Tuberculosis of Oral Mucosa Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 87-89
Gingival Stillman's Cleft- Revisited
Authors: Deepa D. , Bhatia Gouri , Srivastava Priyanka
Published: July 2019

Stillman's clefts are apostrophe shaped indentations extending from and into the gingival margin for varying distances. The etiology of this cleft is still not clear. They may repair spontaneously or persist as surface lesions of deep periodontal pockets that penetrate into the supporting tissues. Here we report a case of stillman's cleft in the mandibular left lateral incisor region treated with de-epithelialisation.

How to cite this article: Deepa D , Bhatia G, Srivastava P. Gingival Stillman's Cleft- Revisited. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 93-95.
An Interesting Form of Osteochondrodystrophy–A Case Report of a Family
Authors: Sahoo Jagannatha , Kumar P Hemanta , Jagadeesh G
Published: July 2019

A 12-year-old boy presented with progressive increasing deformity of both knee joints since last 10 years. The radiograph of femor, tibia and phalanges showed different dysplastic changes of epiphysis. It showed a different skeletal dysplastic nature to multiple epiphysial dysplasias. Silfverskiöld described similar types of skeletal dysplasia.
Study of Factors Affecting Progress of Locomotor Disability in a Slum in Mumbai
Authors: Padhyegurjar Manasi S , Padhyegurjar Shekhar B
Published: July 2019

Locomotor disability is one of the most commonly prevailing type of disability in India. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the severity and to study the factors affecting progress of locomotor disability. A community based cross-sectional observation study was conducted in an urban slum of Mumbai. Total sample of 3665 individuals were screened; 205 were identified with locomotor disabilities who were subjected to a structured questionnaire and physical examination.

The prevalence of locomotor disabilities is found to be 5.59 %. Females are affected more than the males and unemployment was observed to be very high. Awareness about rehabilitative services was found to be very low and very few individuals had ever taken any treatment. Majority of the individuals detected with locomotor disability were ambulatory, showed good IADL score and muscle power as well as single joint involvement. Advancing age and longer duration of disability have been associated with low scores of IADL, low muscular power, multiple joint involvement and increased duration of disability. Treatment started at young age, on immediate diagnosis will halt the progress of the disease. Availability and awareness of rehabilitation facilities will go a long way in improving the quality of life of individuals with locomotor disabilities.
Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis Associated with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Joy AK , Singh Th Khelendro , Sangme Ngampa
Published: July 2019

Periodic paralysis is also seen as one of the uncommon cause of quadriplegia in the physical and rehabilitation medicine practice.

There have been anecdotal reports of periodic paralysis associated with hypothyroidism. However, there is no clear cut evidence of hypothyroidism causing hypokalaemia leading to periodic paralysis or vice versa.

This case report highlights the importance of keeping periodic paralysis as an important cause of the recurrent paralytic attack, importance of serum potassium and thyroid function tests and recovery pattern without active physical therapy intervention which may actually aggravate the disease process. Its occurrence in a young male patient is also a rare phenomenon.
Mucopolysaccharidosis and Rehabilitation
Authors: Harshanand P , Anil Kumar G , Vivek P , Jayasree R
Published: July 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with overall prevalence of all types is 3.53 per 100,000 live births. Exact figures are not available for Indian population. It has poor prognosis with no easy curative medical or surgical management. This case report describes two cases of mucopolysaccharidosis with type one and type four variant. These cases diagnosed and rehabilitated to increase quality of life. Early identification of such cases by clinical features, supportive investigations and rehabilitation management can help patient to improve functional independence and activities of daily living.
Evaluation of Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke
Authors: Nonica Laisram , Tufail Muzaffar , Wadhwa RK , Diganta Borah , Kothari SY
Published: July 2019

Trials have shown modest clinical improvement in disabilities after stroke with the use of different techniques; however most of the treatment protocols for the paretic upper extremity are either expensive or labour intensive, which makes the provision of intensive treatment for many patients difficult. It has been suggested that mirror therapy is a simple, inexpensive and, most importantly patient-directed treatment that may improve upper extremity function.

A prospective randomised case control study was done on 60 patients of both the sexes in the age group of 19 to 82 years having stroke for the first time. This study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of a tertiary care hospital. All the patients who fulfilled the criteria were enrolled for study; patients were randomly allotted to the study or control group. Study group was given mirror therapy in addition to the conventional stroke rehabilitation programme. Patients were assessed in terms of motor recovery (Brunnstrom stages), spasticity (modified Ashworth Scale), and the self-care items of the Barthel index. These indices were measured at 0 month (pretreatment), 1 month (post-treatment), and 6 months (follow-up).

There was a statistically significant difference in spasticity improvement between the study and control groups; however no significant difference was seen in motor recovery and self care items between the groups. The patients had significant improvements within the groups after the therapy for one month.

Mirror therapy can be a useful intervention supplement in rehabilitation of patients; it provides a simple and cost effective therapy for recovery of hand function.
Deformities and Bony Changes in Leprosy
Authors: Kothari S.Y. , Kumar Wadhwa Ranjan , MKS Swamy
Published: July 2019

India has eradicated leprosy as per WHO norms but the cases with residual deformities will persist for long. With this idea, a study was undertaken on consecutive 70 patients coming to the outpatient section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi to study various deformities and bony changes. All the patients were leprosy cured but attending hospital for their deformities only. Specific bony changes were seen in multibacillary patients, while the non-specific and osteoporotic changes were seen in all types of patients. Patients appeared more willing to get the deformities treated than hiding the same from the society.
Pain and Disability in Patients Suffering from Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder
Authors: Zonunsanga C , LNU Hmigthanmawii , Pertin Minggam , Chiru Chongreilen
Published: July 2019

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Set up

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal.

Duration of study

Two years October 2011- September 2013.

Aims and objects

To measure the pain and disability in patients suffering from adhesive capsulitis of shoulder and its relation with stages of adhesive capsulitis.

Study population

Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis patients attending PMR Department who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results

Fifty-six patients suffering idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder were included in the study. The mean age of the study population was 56.30±8.17 (range 40-70) years, male comprised 57.1% while female 42.9%. Shoulder ROM showed rotation most restricted followed by abduction, flexion and extension. Mean VAS pain score was highest in stage 1 (80.36±8.42) and lowest in stage 4 (38.33±7.42) and it was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.001). Mean SPADI disability score was highest in stage 3 (68.56±5.79) and lowest in stage 1 (41.14±7.90) and found to be statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Stages of adhesive capsulitis are found to be closely related to pain and functional disability of the patient. SPADI can be used in recording pain and disability in patients suffering from adhesive capsulitis and can be useful in planning the treatment of such patients in local context.
Post Polio Syndrome: Report of 3 Cases and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Singh U , Gogia Virinder S
Published: July 2019

Post polio syndrome, a well-recognised clinical entity now, has become a great challenge to the medical and surgical rehabilitation professionals, as more and more paralytic polio survivors age into fourth to sixth decades of their lives. Early diagnosis and timely rehabilitation of a person with post polio syndrome is important because at around this age one is just reaching the prime of one's productive life and starts consolidating socio-economic status of self and the family. There is paucity of literature or case reports on post polio syndrome from India. Here we report three cases of post polio syndrome in their forties and early fifties, attending outpatient rehabilitation programme. Their clinical presentation, rehabilitation management and outcome have been discussed. Diagnostic criteria and possible pitfalls in diagnosis in the light of available literature have been emphasised.
Traumatic Thoracolumbar Spine Injury –A Demographic Study
Authors: Srivastava RN , Kumar Dileep , Gupta Anil Kumar , Sharma VP , Ahmed Javed , Singh Sanjai
Published: July 2019

Study design and subjects

Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of data of patients with thoracolumbar SCI admitted for rehabilitation at a tertiary care centre from January 2011 to September 2014.

Objectives

To identify the demographic pattern of TLSCI admitted to this centre.

Setting

Department of PM&R, King George's Medical University, Lucknow.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-three consecutive patients of traumatic TLSCI admitted for rehabilitation were included in the study. Detailed demographic, clinical, neurological evaluation as per ASIA scale and radiological assessment done and analyzed.

Results

Mean age of our sample was 29.62±5 years. There were 21.05% females and 78.95% males. A significant percentage (36.84%) was farmers/labourers, followed by students 26.31%. Majority (67.67%) had fall from height followed by road traffic accidents (21%). Only 3.76% received ambulance for transport and majority (87.22%) of the cases transported by hired four wheelers. Only 18.78% cases came to tertiary center within 2 hours and majority (70%) came after 8 hours of injury. Ratio of complete and incomplete injuries being 1.7:1. Most common vertebral involvement in 58.64% cases were of T12 and L1.

Conclusions

Majority of Indian population live in rural areas which have minimal accessibility to even primary care. This disparity should be removed by even distribution of specialty hospital and trauma care centres in rural areas with better transportation with trained staff for trauma care. A national SCI registry system is needed and SCI case should be reported from all hospitals so that rehabilitation programme planning can be done accordingly.
A Feasibility Assessment of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Tool for Locomotion in Rural Community of Northern India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bansal P , Bhardwaj Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background

ICF is a valid tool to assess the degree and extent of disability, functioning, and health among patients. Its use in population to assess the disability is often limited.

Aim

To assess the feasibility of ICF tool in community settings among patients with any signs and symptoms of locomotion.

Design

Community based survey was carried out to assess the disability.

Setting

The studied individuals were assessed during house to house survey in a rural area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Any individual with any signs and symptoms of disability associated to locomotion was interviewed by the trained medical social worker at their home.

Population

Total 82 individuals were interviewed to study the degree and extent of disability related to locomotion.

Methods

An ICF tool version 2.1a as recommended by World Health Organisation was used for assessment.

Results

A total 82 people whom 58.5% were assessed using ICF tool and 40.0% of males and 50.0% of females observed with no problem of impairment for locomotion. Among those who reported, moderate level of impairment related to joints was observed among 32.4% females and 31.3 % males. Mild impairment for muscle power was present among 31.3% males and 29.4% of females. Assessment of extent of impairment observed that the lower limb was most commonly (about 40.0%) involved in both males and females. Both males and females were mostly observed with restricted performance for daily activities like using transportation, lifting/carrying of objects, walking and moving around using assisted equipment. About 47.9% and 31.3% of males responded that the design of building and technology for public use, as mild and moderate barrier respectively. Design of building for public use was observed as severe barrier among 38.2% of females.

Conclusions

Disability related to locomotor system involving lower extremities is most common form of disability. Mild to moderate level of impairment was observed among individuals with locomotor disability to carry out day to day activities.

Rehabilitation impact

ICF tool can be used to study the degree and extent of disability. A standard pattern of analysis and reporting the results would help to assess the effect of rehabilitative interventions in community settings.
Brainstem Haemorrhage due to Autonomic Dysreflexia in a Person with C6 Tetraplegia
Authors: Thomas Raji , Patil Swapna
Published: July 2019

Autonomic dysreflexia is an important clinical complication occurring in patients with high levels of spinal cord injury. If untreated, the acute rise in blood pressure can cause end organ damage, including intracerebral haemorrhage. Though unusual, it can be fatal with large haemorrhages causing brain herniation syndromes. Here we report the case of a patient with C6 complete tetraplegia patient who developed brainstem haemorrhage during an episode of autonomic dysreflexia. The pathophysiology and treatment methods of this condition are discussed, highlighting the importance of preventive measures to avoid the same.
Predicting Factors For Development of Heterotopic Ossification in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Das S P , Sahu Mamatamanjari , Singh D K
Published: July 2019

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication in spinal cord injury (SCI) that is often difficult to treat. the incidence ranges from 16-35%. Association of certain complications in spinal cord injury increases the incidence of HO. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at SVNIRTAR, Cuttack, Odisha from January 2009 to December 2014. Out of 132 SCI patients attended to OPD or admitted to SCI ward, HO at different site was diagnosed in 86 patients. A close observation was done on these patients with respect to their associated complications and their relation to development of HO is discussed.
Management of Sacral Pressure Sore by Clinically Isolated Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator-based Fasciocutaneus Flap in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Das S P , Sahu Mamtamanjari , Parida Pramod Kumar
Published: July 2019

Prolong confinement to bed in spinal injury patients imparts constant pressure on bony prominences resulting impairment of blood flow to local tissue. Constant pressure of 2 hours or more produces irreversible changes leading to tissue necrosis and development of pressure sore. Sacrum encounters highest pressure in supine position and is the commonest site of pressure sore in spinal cord injury patients followed by trochanter and heel.

Objective of the study

Observation on management of sacral pressure sore by superior gluteal arterial perforatorbased flap using anatomical land marks in the absence of facility of Doppler probe for isolation of superior gluteal arterial perforators.

Materials and methods

Thirteen patients of spinal cord injury presented with sacral pressure sore were managed surgically using superior gluteal artery perforator-based flap coverage. The location of the artery was identifi ed using anatomical land marks. In 10 patients the flap was heeled uneventfully, one had signifi cant complication with wound dehiscence.

Conclusions

Management of sacral pressure sore by superior gluteal arterial perforator-based flap using anatomical land marks is a simple and reliable procedure. The learning curve is not that stiff. Sophisticated instruments are not required for this procedure.
CRPS of Lower Extremity– A Case Report and Review
Authors: Agrawal Mahima
Published: July 2019

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the lower limb is a relatively uncommon entity as compared to CRPS of the upper extremity. Literature search has revealed only 2 retrospective case series and a single case report of lower extremity CRPS type I from 1975 to 2014 on Pubmed, isolated cases of CRPS type I of lower extremity have also been reported following knee surgeries and arthroscopies. This report presents a case of lower limb CRPS type I following blunt trauma to right foot, treatment of which was directed towards management of allodynia, vasomotor symptoms and surgical correction of deformity which had developed because of the disease, coping mechanisms were also reinforced through counselling and relaxation training. The individual responded well to treatment with a reported 75% reduction in the disabling symptoms and improvement in ambulatory status.
“VAC” Technique as a Physiatrist's Bridge between Debridement and Surgery : Case Report of Filarial Leg Ulcer
Authors: Poonekar P.D. , Mishra P.
Published: July 2019

Difficult ulcers have differing aetiologies calling for varying strategies. For long, physiatrists have been treating diabetic foot and decubitus ulcers with great success. The “vacuum assisted therapy” (VAC) technique is proven to alter the local milieu to facilitate wound healing. A known case of filariasis for last 14-15 years, presented with elephantiasis of left leg with a large ulcer. The financial status of the patient prevented usage of the commercial VAC machine and so “in-house” VAC technique innovations were used at a fractional cost. She was successfully treated using the VAC technique and spontaneous complete healing was achieved in 8 weeks and resulted in early rehabilitation. It was very cost-effective.
Pictorial Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Banerjee Aniketa
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article: Banerjee A, CT Scan of Brain may not be Sufficient in Management of Ischaemic Stroke. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):84.
Microsurgical Approach To Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft For Treatment of Gingival Recession
Authors: Padhye Ashvini , Hegde Rashmi , Sumanth S. , Patil Sanjeev
Published: July 2019

Gingival recession is one of the most common mucogingival deformity and treatment should be rendered in a manner such that the best esthetic results are achieved. Periodontal plastic surgery is a rapidly emerging field, which helps us to meet this criterion. Various techniques have been employed in the past years using conventional surgical procedures to achieve coverage of denuded roots. Increased patient awareness has generated the demand for an ideal therapy encompassing the elimination of disease and the restoration of esthetics and function that is administered with minimal trauma and discomfort.. This case report throws light on the use of a surgical operating microscope to cover Miller's class I gingival recession in a maxillary left canine using the subepithelial connective tissue graft technique and its advantages over the conventional technique under normal or macro vision. Satisfactory root coverage was obtained with excellent esthetics and patient comfort.
Radix Entomolaris
Authors: Gandhi Nishant , Shetty Roshan , Patil Anuradha
Published: July 2019

Variation of root canal anatomy is always a challenge for accurate diagnosis and successful endodontic therapy. A thorough knowledge of most common anatomic characteristics and their possible variations is essential for the clinician. The hard tissue repository of the human dental pulp takes on numerous confi gurations and shapes. These aberrations occur so often that they can be considered as normal anatomy. Radix entomolaris (RE) is one such aberration where an extra root is present on the distolingual aspect of mandibular first molar (molar with 3 roots). This article presents one case report of mandibular first molars with extra roots which was successfully treated.
Orthodontic Treatment: The Soft Tissue Paradigm
Authors: Gaikwad Shashank , Doshi Sachin , Mhatre Amol , Tandur Arundhati , Khushalani Natasha
Published: July 2019

Since turn of the 20th century orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning has been based on the Angle paradigm that considers ideal dental occlusion ‘nature's intended ideal form’. The orthodontist's task is to seek balance between the patient's aesthetic demands, functional efficiency and structural harmony. The soft tissues largely determine the limitations of orthodontic treatment, from the perspectives of functions and stability, as well as aesthetics. Therefore orthodontist must plan treatment within the patient's limits of soft tissue adaptation and soft tissue contours. This is a case report showing a well finished case keeping in mind the emerging soft tissue paradigm in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Herpes Zoster involving Trigeminal Nerve
Authors: Gadda Rohit B , Patil Neha , Salvi Rohini
Published: July 2019

Herpes zoster is a common acute viral infection caused by reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus. Acute pain of herpes zoster lowers the quality of life and interferes with day to day activities. We report a case of herpes zoster in a 68 year old, healthy male patient in which the prodromal symptoms started as toothache. This case highlights the importance of a thorough dental history and examination in patients with toothache.
Root Coverage Using Alloderm® Acellular Dermal Graft Material
Authors: Henderson Robin D
Published: July 2019

This report describes a surgical technique for root coverage using an acellular dermal graft material and a coronally positioned flap. Video clips of a root coverage surgery are included using the graft material to cover multiple teeth in the same quadrant. Three additional completed cases are presented in which a mean root coverage of 97% was achieved, resulting in 100% coverage on 9 of 11 teeth. The results from this case series conform with the available evidence on the use of acellular dermal graft material in root coverage procedures.
Enhancing Telephone Communication in the Dental Office
Authors: Jensen Mark E.
Published: July 2019

Answering the telephone is an important first contact with the dental office. The voice tone, inflection and other non-verbal aspects of the person answering all have a profound impact on how the caller perceives the dental office. Suggestions are presented which are designed to avoid communication problems and to project a positive professional image to a caller. Audio clips are included to demonstrate variations in telephone technique to assist the reader in the development of a telephone answering protocol that reflects a desirable image for the office staff and for the dental practice.
Building the Dental Dream Team: Behavioral Styles in the Practice
Authors: Boswell Suzanne
Published: July 2019

There are four different behavioral styles evident in a dental team and in patients. The styles are based on observable behaviors relating to degrees of “assertiveness” and “responsiveness.” The Behavioral Style model helps to clarify why some people relate positively with each other and why others may conflict. Using finely tuned observational skills and an understanding of these styles, interpersonal transactions can be more effective, dental teams become more cohesive, and patients will be more satisfied with service provided in the dental practice. Each member of the team should understand his/her own personal style and those of teammates. Once that understanding is gained by all, it may be effectively applied to understanding patients. Behavior modification is at the heart of this concept. Adjusting your own behavior to the needs of others enables a patient to achieve more comfort with the dental team, and they are more likely to hear your verbal messages.
Oral and Perioral Piercing: A Unique Form of Self-Expression
Authors: Peticolas Troye , Tilliss Terri S.I. , Cross-Poline Gail N
Published: July 2019

A comprehensive review of oral and perioral piercing is presented. This contemporary phenomenon has many implications for the piercee and for the oral healthcare professional. Oral and perioral piercing, which has become prevalent recently, has historical antecedents. The implications of piercing are described in detail including sites at the tongue, lips, cheeks, frenum, and uvula. Complications occurring immediately after, soon after, and long after the piercing are detailed with special emphasis on the possible deleterious effects on hard and soft oral tissues. Suggestions are provided for patient education including a pamphlet for downloading. Appropriate jewelry selection is described accompanied with a video clip demonstrating removal of jewelry during the dental appointment and a suggested technique for keeping the piercing hole patent while the jewelry is out. Reviewing this information should educate and prepare the oral healthcare professional for the patient presenting with an oral or perioral piercing.
Cyberinfo: Privacy and Personal Health Data in Cyberspace
Authors: Day Jeams
Published: July 2019

In this series of articles, the author discusses the potential risks, benefits, and liabilities in using electronic communications and computer-based record keeping for patients’ medical data. Article #1 in this series reviews the foundations of privacy for personal information and the current practices of collecting disaggregated private personal and medical data made possible on the Internet by software and hardware configurations.
Four-Handed Dentistry Revisited
Authors: Finkbeiner Betty Ladley
Published: July 2019

A great deal of new technology has been integrated into the modern dental office during the last several decades. However, no product can increase productivity and reduce stress and strain on the dental team as much as using the singular concept of four-handed dentistry. The research of the 1950s is undaunted in its impact on productivity. Combined with the practice of ergonomics in the workplace, this concept must be revisited by the dental profession. The young dentists of the 21st Century have had minimal exposure to true four-handed dentistry. This article, the first in a series, re-introduces the basic principles of a research-oriented concept.