bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelectuais argentinas diante da censura e do autoritarismo
Authors: Josiowicz Alejandra J.
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa a intervenção de um grupo de mulheres intelectuais mediadoras no campo da literatura infantojuvenil ao longo das décadas de 1960 e 1970. Desenvolve brevemente o contexto histórico-cultural da atuação dessas intelectuais. À continuação, analisa a inserção das escritoras no mercado cultural para crianças e jovens e as políticas de censura que sofreram ao longo do período por parte do regime ditatorial. Posteriormente, examina uma seleção de contos e poemas, escritos por elas nos quais aparece um horizonte antiautoritário e de justiça social, nos quais as crianças são protagonistas da transformação social. Finalmente, revela que nesses textos aparecem personagens mulheres pouco convencionais, que transgridem os padrões de gênero e as formas de pensar a feminidade. Desse modo, demonstra que essas autoras se tornaram emblemas da democracia e do antiautoritarismo na Argentina.
As revoluções russas de 1917
Authors: Reis Daniel Aarão
Published: November 2021

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THE CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS FOR SCHOOLS’ INOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS
Authors: Velikova M.
Published: November 2021

The professional development of teachers is necessary not only to meets the standards of job realization, but also to improve their activities in response to changes in pedagogical science and practice. This report presents the results of the research project "Current status and trends for the application of innovative methods in school’s activities" durring the National Program "Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students" in 2019. The aim of the study is to indicate the teachers’ attitude to the application of innovative teaching methods in their practice in school.
FOOD PRODUCTION AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY: SITUATION, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Ruscheva D.
Published: November 2021

The production of food products in agriculture and the food industry in Bulgaria is important for the formation of the country's food resources, on which the national food security largely depends. The report assesses the situation, presents problems, and substantiates directions for its development in the future in the context of Bulgaria's membership in the European Union and the opportunities to meet the consumption of food products by the population to ensure food security.
MAIN DETERMINANTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON BULGARIAN YOUTH
Authors: Spasova L. , Gundasheva J.
Published: November 2021

The influence of advertising by mobile operators in Bulgaria on youth at the ages of 18 to 25 is largely important in the context of the rational use of various mobile products and services. The main thesis of this study is that the components of company advertising can influence a customer’s decision for purchase. On the basis of this hypothesis, the aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes towards advertising components, and the degree of their impact on young consumers through conducting anonymous surveys. The obtained results show that younger recipients living in Sofia have greater trust and are more likely to be influenced by the messages of mobile operators’ advertising, than those from Plovdiv and Stara Zagora. All of this allows the discovery of dependencies between certain demographic factors and influential advertising components.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ACTIVITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES
Authors: Andreeva Ts.
Published: November 2021

The article defines the essence and justifies the need for financial management in the activities of insurance companies.
PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to bring out the specifics of financial management in insurance and outline the advantages of controlling as a function and part of the management of the insurance company to ensure the necessary solvency.
METHODS: The systematic and structural approach, analysis and synthesis, including, study of literature sources and analysis of the existing situation in the practice of the insurance company are used.
RESULTS: The results are about highlighting the role of risk management in financial management, as well as the importance of factors - gross technical provisions and others, for risk management of the insurance company.
CONCLUSION: Тhe complex nature of financial management requires integrated risk management, which requires the establishment of an independent unit and / or position in financial management and risk management.
Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Children Vaccinated Against Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B in the Early Neonatal Period: Literature Review
Authors: Fedoseenko Marina V. , Petrova Veronika A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: November 2021

Background. T-cell response is shifted towards Th2-type predominance in newborns. This makes them particularly vulnerable to exposure of various external pathogens, development of severe infections, moreover, it is also a risk factor for allergic diseases development. Various methods of switching the immune response to Th1-type are currently under research, and one of them is vaccination.

Objective. The aim of the study is to provide data on the prevalence of allergic pathology among children vaccinated against tuberculosis and hepatitis B, as well as the effect of vaccines on immune response type.

Results. Data on both increase and decrease in the prevalence of atopic conditions in children vaccinated with BCG and against hepatitis B were analyzed, thus, most of them cannot be considered reliable. The results of several large studies do not reveal any correlation between vaccination and the presence of allergic disease in children. There is data that BCG and hepatitis B vaccines shift the immune response towards Th1-type activation.

Conclusion. Vaccination in the early neonatal period may affect switching of the immune response towards Th1-type. That, in turn, can affect the prevalence of allergic pathology in vaccinated children. However, the data available for now is not sufficient to reliably estimate the possible effect of vaccination on atopic conditions manifestation in the future.
Spatial variability in soil nutrients and fertility mapping using geospatial techniques in Kurnool division of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nayak S. Balaji , Balaguravaiah D. , Ramana K.V. , Giridharakrishna T. , Munirathnam P. , Reddy B. Ravindra
Published: November 2021

A revision was undertaken to draw correlation between nutrients available in soil and special indices in chickpea and cotton in the cram area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh by means of remote sensing plus GIS techniques. A significant and positive correlation was observed between NDVI and available nitrogen during 2017-18 whereas both OC and nitrogen available had considerable positive correlation with NDVI during 2016-17 in chickpea. A significant and positive correspondence was recorded between the NDVI and organic carbon and nitrogen available in cotton during 2016-17. However, insignificant correlation was observed among NDVI and organic carbon or available nitrogen during 2017-18 under cotton cropping.
Mecaz Fenomeni Üzerine Yapısal ve Semantik Bir Analiz
Authors: Köklüdağ Mehmet
Published: November 2021

İnsanın dünya tecrübesi ve bilincin dil algısı içindeki bütün rasyonel-irrasyonel veya fiziksel-metafiziksel ilişkiler, mecaz fenomeniyle bağlantılıdır. Bu bağlantı mecazın dili, kültürü ve düşünceyi şekillendiren bir fenomen olarak bilginin ve gerçekliğin inşasındaki kesintisiz rolü dolayısıyladır. Çalışmamızda mecazın bu rolü yapısal ve semantik açıdan analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak geleneksel mecaz teorisi, Abdülkâhir el-Curcânî’nin görüşlerinden hareketle ikame nazariyesi ekseninde tartışılmış ve bu nazariyenin kurgusu, etkisi ve sahip olduğu figüratif dil modeli çeşitli önermeler ışığında tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu nazariyeye göre mecazın geleneksel dil kullanımında adlandırma sürecindeki figürlerden birisi olarak dil oyununda isimlendirme rolünü üstelenen unsur olduğu ve ikame yapı teorisinin insanın kıyas yapma becerisinin edebi biçimde tezahür etmesiyle ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. İkinci olarak mecaz sorunu nazım, etkileşim, gerilim ve sapma kavramları ışığında cümle semantiği açısından tahlil edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda mecazın bazı semantik alanların kesiştiği noktada meydana gelen bir semantik olay/söylem ve kendi bağlamı içinde gerçek bir eylem statüsüne haiz yeni bir bağlamsal eylem / anlam potansiyeline sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu potansiyelin mecazi ifadelerin epistemik veya bilişsel yani mecazın dili şekillendirme ve kavramlarımızı yeniden tasarımlama işlevinin izah edilmesine imkan tanıyacağı bunun da dini, siyasi, sosyal ve edebi olgulara bakışta bize yeni perspektiflerin kapısını aralayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Human Rights and Criminalization
Authors: Genrikh Natalya
Published: November 2021

The mutual connection of criminalization and human rights unjustifiably remains one of poorly researched areas in Russian science. Meanwhile, the development of the legal doctrine of rights has been, and is still now, influencing the lawmaking practice of recognizing actions as criminal. Today, it is possible to clearly identify two principally different models of criminalization (and, on the whole, models of criminal law) depending on the direction and results of human rights influence on it. The first model is liberal criminal law. Within its framework, human rights were primarily a guarantee of individual freedom of a person against unjustified criminalization ambitions of the state, this model was aimed at hindering criminalization processes, at setting boundaries for the states subjective right to exercise punishment. The second model - authoritative criminal law - began its development with the recognition that the state has positive liabilities to protect human rights, it acts today as a theoretical basis for the development of super-criminalization processes, justified by the necessity of comprehensive protection of human rights. There is a clear correlation between these models and the historical stages of the development of criminal law, the political and legal ideas of legal and social state. In todays situation, there appears a dialectic contradiction between these models that should be resolved by synthesizing the best achievements of each of them. This synthesis should be based on the idea of combining, firstly, the ideas that the state has a liability to protect human rights by criminal law measures and, secondly, the ideas that criminal law is the last resort of the state and its use is only justified if it has been proven that other legal measures of protecting human rights are not effective.
Tackling Delinquency in the Era of Social Credit System: Prospects and Risks
Authors: Rouvinsky Roman , Tsarev Evgeny
Published: November 2021

The paper is devoted to the changes in fighting delinquency connected to the application of artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics. The focus of the paper has been made on the Social Credit System and related advanced mechanisms of control and surveillance, which are currently being built and implemented in China. The issue of how the latest technologies of social control impact the fight against crimes and administrative offences has been examined. The transforming effect of introduction of the Social Credit System and algorithmic mechanisms of social control upon the legal system and some of its institutions (notably, the legal liability institution, the punishment, the concept of an offender) has been assessed in the paper. The authors come to the conclusion that the introduction of the Social Credit System in China and the development of algorithmic mechanisms of social control and crime prevention may lead to the separation of punishment from the construct of legal liability and the concept of an offence as a guilty deed.
Recommendations for athletes and COVID-19 vaccinations: A South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) position statement – Part 3
Authors: Pillay Lervasen , Patricios Jon , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christa , Saggers Robin , Ramagole Dimakatso , Viviers Pierre , Thompson Craig , Hendricks Sharief
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to the shutdown of all sport at a high cost to both the economy and athlete health. As risk-mitigating protocols evolved and were implemented, the playing of sport returned slowly to normal. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccinations enhances the means of protection and risk management for all. This South African Sports Medicine Association position statement provides recommendations for the vaccination of athletes.
VALORACIÓN DE LAS CAUSAS DE MORTALIDAD PREMATURA ENTRE LOS PACIENTES DEPENDIENTES DE HEROÍNA, ATENDIDOS A LO LARGO DE MÁS DE 30 AÑOS (1986-2020), EN LA UCA DE CANGAS (PONTEVEDRA)
Authors: FONTENLA-VAZQUEZ Andrés
Published: November 2021

La mortalidad prematura entre los dependientes a heroína permanece elevada respeto de la población general, aún a pesar del desarrollo y utilización extensiva de los programas de sustitución de opiáceos y de otros fármacos psiquiátricos, iniciada en los años ochenta del pasado siglo. Esta situación se constata característicamente entre nuestros pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Cangas, Pontevedra, a lo largo de 30 años, desde1986 al 2020, en donde -a diferencia de lo observado por el Observatorio Europeo (EMCDDA) en diferentes informes publicados- es la enfermedad general y sus complicaciones asociadas la que determina de manera prevalente la mortalidad prematura señalada, mientras que otras causas de mortalidad apuntadas, particularmente por sobredosis -que según tales informes llega a suponer entre 1/3-1/2 del total de fallecidos- en nuestra población atendida se mantiene en un margen más limitado. Se plantea la discusión acerca de las posibles motivaciones de carácter social o epidemiológico y sanitario que puedan dar explicación de esta diferencias.
¿NUEVAS DROGAS PSICOACTIVAS Y CHEMSEX, ES 3-MMC LA NUEVA MEFEDRONA?
Authors: Roldán Maria , Mir Guillem , Martinez Maria , Guilanyà Josep , Estelrich Roger , Ventura Mireia , Galindo Liliana , Pérez Víctor , Colom Francesc , Grifell Marc
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La 3-metilmetcatinona (3-MMC) es una catinona sintética perteneciente al grupo de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas (NPS). Es un isómero estructural de la mefedrona, siendo una alternativa a la misma en contexto de chemsex (1). El estudio de las NPS está limitado por la velocidad en que aparecen y desaparecen del mercado estas sustancias y por el difícil acceso a los usuarios de las mismas. La mayor parte de los datos actuales proceden de casos de intoxicación o cuestionarios online y la realización de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados es demasiado costosa y lenta. Nuevos métodos de estudio son necesarios en un momento en que cada vez las NPS ganan más relevancia (2). Objetivos: Describir el contexto de consumo y los efectos subjetivos de 3-MMC en una muestra de usuarios utilizando una metodología nueva, rápida y económica, basada en Internet. Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal y observacional, reclutando usuarios de NPS y realizando un seguimiento durante 14 meses, permitiéndoles enviar muestras de NPS para la confirmación analítica del resultado esperado. A continuación, seleccionamos los resultados relacionados con el consumo de 3-MMC. Resultados: De los 17 participantes que completaron el estudio, dos de ellos usaron 3-MMC en 6 ocasiones distintas. Ambos eran varones de entre 20-40 años y con estudios superiores. Ninguna de las dos muestras estaba adulterada. La vía de administración en uno de ellos fue oral y en el otro endovenosa, rectal y esnifada. En el segundo caso se consumió en contexto de chemsex. El rango de dosis fue entre 60-300 mg dependiendo de vía de administración. Ambos usuarios describieron un efecto estimulante similar a anfetamina o cocaína con características empatógenas del MDMA.
RELACIÓN CON LAS ADICCIONES DURANTE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Álvarez Vicente , García Jose María , Vicente Francisco Javier , Gago Ana , Mateos Raimundo , Vidal María
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVOS: 1) Estudiar la evolución del consumo de tóxicos de una muestra poblacional de una Unidad de Salud Mental (USM) durante la pandemia. 2) Estudiar la relación entre el incremento del consumo y el empeoramiento psicopatológico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra está constituida por 95 pacientes derivadas para una primera consulta tras el confinamiento. Se describe la muestra: 73 mujeres, 22 hombres; edad media 42,43+/-14,753; 61.5% casados/pareja. El 49.5% presentan consumos (tabaco, alcohol y cannabinoides); se excluyeron otros tóxicos, remitidos a la Unidad de Atención al Drogodependiente de referencia. Test de valoración psicométrica: SCL-90, Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) Análisis estadístico: SPSS v.25 para Mac. RESULTADOS: 1. La proporción de consumo de tóxicos fue 35,8% (tabaco), 23,22% (alcohol), 3,1% (THC) con un incremento del 79.35%, 27.1% y 100% respectivamente. 2. De entre los consumidores, sólo el 34% no han modificado su patrón de consumo, el resto lo han incrementado significativamente en 1 (59,6%), 2(2,1%) o 3 (4,3%) sustancias. 3. En consumidores, se han encontrado puntuaciones significativas más elevadas en múltiples ítems y escalas del SCL-90, destacando somatización, obsesividad, depresión, ansiedad, alteraciones del sueño, sentimientos de culpa y pensamientos tanáticos. 4. Los fumadores han tenido más crisis de ansiedad y sentimientos de soledad (70,6% y 50% respectivamente) en comparación con los no fumadores (54% y 38,7%) estadísticamente significativa. 5. La preocupación por la salud es más alta entre los fumadores (4,18/5) que entre los no fumadores (3,23/5) de forma estadísticamente significativa. 6. El BAI muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas (ANOVA, p=0.011) según el incremento de tóxicos realizado. CONCLUSIONES: 1) Una gran proporción de personas han visto incrementado su consumo de tóxicos durante la pandemia. 2) Existe un incremento significativo en la clínica psicopatológica en este grupo vs grupo no consumidor, lo que indica mayor gravedad y mayor riesgo de complicaciones psiquiátricas.
ESTUDIO DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE SÍNTOMAS DE TRASTORNO POR CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y SÍNTOMAS DE TRASTORNOS EMOCIONALES MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE REDES
Authors: De la Rosa Ana María , Sánchez Daniel , Mancheño Juan J. , Delgado Tomás , Sánchez Manuel , Moraleda Enrique , Lozano Oscar M.
Published: November 2021

The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) destaca entre otros instrumentos de evaluación dimensional de trastornos emocionales (TE) por proporcionar puntuaciones unidimensionales para 18 síntomas de diferentes trastornos (e.j., depresión, ansiedad, trastorno bipolar). La obtención de una puntuación para cada síntoma permite examinar la relación entre estos síntomas e identificar a aquellos que podrían ejercer un rol relevante sobre la comorbilidad. Sin embargo, se desconoce cómo estos síntomas de TE se relacionan con los del Trastorno por Uso de Alcohol (TUA). Objetivos: 1) examinar la relación entre síntomas de TE y TUA y su organización en estructuras comunitarias mediante análisis de redes; 2) identificar posibles síntomas relevantes en la comorbilidad entre estos trastornos mediante los síntomas puente entre estructuras comunitarias. Material y métodos: participaron 742 adultos seleccionados mediante muestro aleatorio estratificado dividido en estratos representativos de la población española por género, edad (18-75 años), y área geográfica de España. Todos completaron online la versión española del IDAS-II (De la Rosa-Cáceres et al., 2020), y 17 ítems tipo likert basados en la Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS; Dacosta et al., 2019) para medir dimensionalmente los síntomas del TCA. Resultados y conclusiones: los síntomas de TE y TUA se agrupan en cuatro estructuras comunitarias. Entre los síntomas puente destacan Suicidio (TE), Tiempo para obtener/consumir sustancias (TUA) y Craving (TUA). Aunque diversos autores sugieren que los síntomas puente podrían ser valiosos targets de intervención para prevenir y tratar la comorbilidad, se requieren futuros estudios al respecto. Financiación: Este estudio ha sido financiado por el "Estudio de la comorbilidad en los trastornos emocionales bajo el modelo HiTOP: Aportaciones desde el análisis de redes empíricas" (UHU- 524) Proyectos de Fomento del Conocimiento Básico - Estrategia de Política Científica Universidad de Huelva y por el Ministerio de Universidades del Gobierno de España (FPU19/00144).
EL CONSUMO DE CANNABIS Y LA VULNERABILIDAD DE QUIEN LO CONSUME, Y/O EL CANNABIS HACE AL INDIVIDUO MAS VULNERABLE
Authors: Berrueco Quintero Maria Asunción
Published: November 2021

El Relatorio Europeo sobre Drogas 2020, reporta en 2018, que 135 000 personas iniciaron el tratamiento por consumo de cannabis (32 % de todos los pedidos de tratamiento), de estos 80 000 iniciaban tratamiento primera vez. El (60 %) con menos de 35 años de edad y 75% son sexo masculino. Objetivo: análisis estadístico, descriptivo y comparativo de una muestra clínica (equiparada en edad y género), de consumidores de cannabis en tratamiento (ETET Sotavento) Portugal. Datos obtenidos de historias clínicas informatizadas, entrevista clínica y cuestionario de historia de adversidad. Método y resultados: 60 sujetos (50 hombres y 10 mujeres), diagnóstico de TUS y un TM, divididos en: Grupo A, (25 hombres y 5 mujeres) con policonsumos (cannabis, cocaína y alcohol) a lo largo de la vida, y mantienen solo consumo de cannabis en los últimos 5 años. Grupo B, (25 hombres y 5 mujeres) diagnóstico de dependencia cannabis a lo largo de la vida, sin consumo de otras sustancias, mantienen cannabis por 5 años. Grupo A1 (8 hombres y 2 mujeres) con edad entre 31-33 años. Grupo B1 (17 hombres y 3 mujeres), edades entre 25-27 años. Ambos grupos presentaron varios internamientos psiquiátricos con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Iniciaron consumo de cannabis, entre los 13-14 años, presentando mayor riesgo de consumo de drogas y trastornos psiquiátricos. Adversidad mediante maltrato psicológico y físico. Grupo A2 (17 hombres y 3 mujeres) edad entre 34-36 años. Grupo B2 (8 hombres y 2 mujeres) edades entre 28-30 años. Ambos grupos presentaron psicosis toxica por consumo de cannabis. Iniciaron consumo entre 17-18 años, presentan ansiedad generalizada, agorafobia, fobia social entre los TM. Adversidad maltrato psicológico. Conclusión: Es importante evaluar para prevenir el surgimiento de TM relacionados con el consumo de cannabis, para el planeamiento del tratamiento considerando el género. Las mujeres presentaron más dificultades sociofamiliares.
PATOLOGÍA DUAL EN CONTEXTO DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Quinteros Nila
Published: November 2021

La patología dual es la concomitancia de una adicción y otros trastornos psiquiátricos no adictivos. En los últimos años ha descendido sustancialmente las características del consumo de tabaco, aunque no suficiente, vinculado a nuevas legislaciones en nuestro país. Uruguay es un país de 3.464.000 que limita con Brasil y Argentina. Durante la pandemia por COVID era importante entender los cambios en los patrones de consumo de alcohol, estupefacientes drogas depresoras o estimulantes del SNC que aliviaran el displacer. La pandemia nos llego tarde, descuidandose los sistemas de protección en los primeros meses del 2020. El viernes 13 de abril del 2020 el presidente de la República, anunció una emergencia sanitaria por coronavirus, luego de la confirmación de cuatro casos en Uruguay; esto lleva al confinamiento Para noviembre del 2020 estábamos entre los primeros países con mayor cantidad de infectados y muertes por cada 100.000 habitantes. Las alteraciones del humor se incrementaron en pacientes con trastornos de personalidad. Nuestro reto esta en optimizar el abordaje y tratamiento integral de los pacientes con patología dual y los recursos asistenciales para los mismos.
USO DE OPIÁCEOS EN PACIENTES CON FIBROMIALGIA
Authors: Vidal-Millares María , García-Ríos José María , Pérez-Álvarez Vicente , Durán-Maseda María José , Gago-Ageitos Ana , Vicente-Alba . Javier
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVOS: 1)Analizar el uso de opiáceos de los pacientes 2)Estudiar las implicaciones de ese tratamiento MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: La muestra está constituida por 105 pacientes tratados en una USM diagnosticados de Fibromialgia, edad media es 53,58+/-9,46. Análsisis SPSS v25. Test psicométricos: 1)FIQ (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) 2)SMAQ cuestionario simplificado de adherencia al tratamiento. RESULTADOS: 1)68,9% de pacientes reciben tratamiento con opiáceos. 2)89% de los pacientes han sido altados de Reumatología 3)Incrementaron las dosis de opiáceos más de un tercio y el 18% han precisado de recetas a mayores. 4)No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el FIQ ni en la percepción del dolor entre los pacientes que reciben o no opiáceos. 5)El SMAQ indica que el 50% tienen un mal cumplimiento terapéutico siendo peor entre los pacientes que se encuentran a tratamiento con opiáceos. CONCLUSIONES: 1)Los pacientes con fibromialgia son tratados frecuentemente con opiáceos a pesar de no estar aprobado su uso por la FAD. 2)Aunque se considera una enfermedad Reumatológica la mayoría de los pacientes son altados de ese servicio y remitidos a USM para seguimiento. 3)Los opiáceos no parecen mejorar ni la calidad de vida ni el dolor en la mayoría de los casos. 4)20% tienen uso abusivo de estos fármacos, con toma inadecuada del tratamiento en más de la mitad de los pacientes con riesgo de abuso/dependencia. 5)Sería necesario revisar las prescripciones de estos pacientes y proporcionarles una aproximación multidisciplinaria con terapia cognitiva-conductual, entrenamiento aeróbico con estiramiento y terapias de movimiento-meditativo
PRIMEROS EPISODIOS PSICÓTICOS INDUCIDOS POR CANNABIS Y SU EVOLUCIÓN A ESQUIZOFRENIA
Authors: Martin Mª Carmen , Remón Diego , Lorenzo Carolina , Matías Juan , Benito Jose Antonio , Roncero Carlos
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios que ayuden a encontrar diferencias entre los trastornos psicóticos inducidos por cannabis y los pacientes con esquizofrenia que consumen cannabis. Siendo el límite de ambas entidades, muy difuso. De hecho, son muchos los pacientes que inicialmente son diagnosticados de Trastorno Psicótico inducido por cannabis, y acaban padeciendo de Esquizofrenia. Objetivos: Estudiar las características clínicas asociadas a los primeros episodios de psicosis por consumo de cannabis y su evolución, y encontrar, si las hubiera, diferencias con las psicosis que debutan sin estar relacionadas con el consumo de sustancias. Material y métodos: La muestra incluye 35 pacientes, que requirieron ingreso en la Unidad de Hospitalización Breve del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA) por presentar un Primer Episodio Psicótico (PEP). Se han incluido pacientes mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico clínico de PEP, sin relación con consumo de sustancias y los inducidos por cannabis, excluyendo aquellos que se produjeron en el contexto de consumo de otras sustancias. Los sujetos han sido evaluados con la Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5, se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, se realizaron pruebas complementarias y todos los pacientes se evaluaron con la Escala de Síndrome Positivo y Negativo (The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale PANSS). Esta evaluación se realizó en varios momentos de la hospitalización. Cuando la situación cínica lo permitió, fueron evaluados también con una batería neurocognitiva. Posteriormente, se ha observado, en un período máximo de 5 años, su evolución o no, a Esquizofrenia. Resultados y conclusiones: SÍ parecen existir diferencias clínicas entre los PEP inducidos por cannabis y los que no están relacionados con el consumo de sustancias; en la evolución temprana y en la duración de las hospitalizaciones. Nos surgen dudas sobre la fiabilidad y utilidad de las categorías diagnósticas.
Can the Pandemic Be a Catalyst of Spatial Changes Leading Towards the Smart City?
Authors: Zgórska Barbara , Kamrowska-Załuska Dorota , Lorens Piotr
Published: November 2021

The worldwide spread of Covid-19 infections has had a pervasive influence on cities and the lives of their residents. The current crisis has highlighted many urban problems, including those related to the functionality of urban structures, which directly affect the quality of life. Concurrently, the notion of “smart cities” is becoming a dominant trend in the discourse on urban development. At the intersection of these two phenomena, questions about the effects of Covid-19 on the future of cities arise. These are concerned with the possible roles of the pandemic in the process of urban regeneration and the development of smart solutions. The article aims to create a conceptual framework that will allow researchers to assess the influence of Covid-19-related changes on urban structures and their functionality in the following areas: city structure, connectivity and mobility, public spaces, access to green areas, and digital transformation. In the empirical part of the article, the influence of pandemic-caused changes on the development of various aspects of smart cities is discussed. The article concludes with an analysis of the effects the pandemic might have on digital urban regeneration.
Magna Cosmogony
Authors: Serpa Nilo , Cathcart Richard Brook
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This article aims to show that science and faith have always walked closer than is usually thought, and that they can even coexist harmoniously in the same individual. It also seeks to show the sterility of the debate that puts both in direct confrontation, evidencing the often prejudiced and disdainful position of current science towards faith as a characteristic of the human condition, whether or not it is associated with a religion. In a broader approach, it discusses currently existing beliefs about the existence of intelligent life outside the Earth in contrast to the possibilities that science offers in our actual state of technological development. In addition, the work intends to convey the perception that it would be much more constructive to accept faith as a natural manifestation of consciousness that recognizes the limits of knowledge, rather than rejecting it through scientific arguments that, being faith, is manifestly inapplicable.

Key-words: science, faith, cosmogony, cosmology.

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Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que ciência e fé sempre estiveram mais próximas do que normalmente se pensa, e que podem até coexistir harmoniosamente no mesmo indivíduo. Também busca mostrar a esterilidade do debate que as coloca em confronto direto, evidenciando a posição muitas vezes preconceituosa e desdenhosa da ciência atual em relação à fé como característica da condição humana, associada ou não a uma religião. Em uma abordagem mais ampla, discute-se as crenças atualmente existentes sobre a existência de vida inteligente fora da Terra em contraste com as possibilidades que a ciência oferece em nosso atual estado de desenvolvimento tecnológico. Além disso, o trabalho pretende transmitir a percepção de que seria muito mais construtivo aceitar a fé como manifestação natural da consciência que reconhece os limites do conhecimento, do que rejeitá-la por meio de argumentos científicos que, para ela, sendo fé, não se aplicam.

Palavras-chave: ciência, fé, cosmogonia, cosmologia.
DIDACTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION THEORIES
Authors: Kavytska Tamara
Published: November 2021

The relationship between translation theory and translation pedagogy is undeniable. Translation studies developed, in fact, as a result of analysis and theoretical generalization of both professional and classroom translation
activities. However, the views on the role of theory in translation instruction are rather controversial. Moreover, even though numerous studies have given detailed insights into translation theories, there are still issues to consider.
Unexplored are didactic aspects of translation theories: to our knowledge, no research has discussed the didactic contribution of translation theorists to translation pedagogy. Hence the purpose of the paper is to carry out a critical analysis of literary, linguistic, communicative, and cognitive translation theories with a view to exploring and interpreting their didactic strengths and weaknesses. The research methodology relies on the analysis of available literature as well as textbooks in translation practice to discover the didactic contribution of translation theories to translation
pedagogy. Noteworthy is the fact that every translation theory has contributed to the development of translation pedagogy as a branch of applied linguistics. Among the major gains of literary theory is textual approach to learning and teaching translation. Linguistic theory has provided the theoretical foundations for translation pedagogy and creating textbooks that meet the didactic requirements. Teaching translation from the standpoint of treating it as a process of communication has become the achievement of communicative theory. The gains of cognitive theory include the adoption of a competence-based approach to teaching translation, as well as the intensification of research efforts in the field of translation pedagogy. In addition to progressive aspects, the translation theories had certain shortcomings.
Literary theory, for instance, rejected the idea of translation pedagogy because of perception of the activity as art. Linguistic theory overemphasized certain aspects of language in teaching translation and promoted the idea of interlingual equivalence. This idea has led to the absolute predominance of bilingual dictionaries in translation
classrooms, which is currently considered unjustified. The concept of communicative equivalence, supported by the advocates of communicative theory, has negatively affected evaluation of classroom translations. Finally, cognitive theory is criticized for its failure to apply its theoretical concepts to the development of translation pedagogy.
The alteration of serum protein sensibility to oxidation at pregnancy
Authors: Burmistrov O. S. , Oparina T. I. , Arutjunyan А. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents data on the protein peroxidation products (PPP) serum contents alteration at pregnancy. PPP are produced under the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The level of PPP during spontaneous oxidation slightly decreased in serum from pregnant women. However, the PPP content was significantly elevated under the influence of Fe2+-ions and H2O2 at pregnancy. The data obtained testify to serum proteins being more sensitive to oxidation by ROS at pregnancy.
Characteristics functional activity of platelets in newborn with intrauterin growth retardation
Authors: Tretyakova М. B. , Oparina T. I. , Fomenko B. А.
Published: November 2021

The results of study have shown that at children with the symmetric and heavy asymmetric form of intra-uterine growth retardation functional activity platelet is increased. The level of the amplitude aggregation is higher as the higher the value of the degree of developmental lag of formation of posetonic and reflex reactions of the CNS. Change of functional activity of platelets plays a role in genesis neurological infringements at children in early neonatal period of life.
Antimicrobial action of «instillagel» on the female genital tract microorganisms
Authors: Savicheva A. М. , Bashmakova М. A. , Zatsiorskaya S. L. , Novikova L. N. , Martikainen Z. M. , Rybina E. V.
Published: November 2021

The influence of instillagel on microorganism strains (bacterial, yeast-like fungi, genital mycoplasma) isolated from women's genitalia was studied. The preparation exerts bactericidal, fungicidal and mycoplasmacidal action on the studied microorganisms. The use of instillagel for the treatment of 32 patients resulted in a complete clinical and microbiological recovery. Thus, this preparation can be used as one of additional means in the treatment of vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, bacterial vaginosis.
Pharmacological another problems of medical genetic consulting during pregnanc
Authors: Vakharlovsky V. G. , Kosheleva N. G. , Aylamazyan Е. K. , Baranov V. S.
Published: November 2021

The review of original and literature data dealing with case-reports of women, who used pharmacological reagents during pregnancies. Critical analysis of these data prooves the becessity of strictly individual approach for each woman. Personal recommendation of genetical councellor should be consider the biochemical mechanisms of the drug action,date of pregnancy doses an d duration of consumpyion. The inefficiency and general useless of invasive prenatal karyotyping of the fetus subjected to teratogenic agents are stressed. While repeated (dynamic) ultrasound examinations remains as a single feasible mean to estimate adverse effect of the drug during pregnanacy. Commercially available computerasid programms of teratogenic agents do not exclude routine medical- genetic councelling with subcequent invasive prenatal diagnosis because of the reasons not concerned with drug consumption.
To the 25th anniversary of the opening of Röntgen'a
Authors: Glushkov P. A.
Published: November 2021

In today's annual meeting of our Society, I have been entrusted with the flattering task of celebrating the 25th anniversary of the greatest and so beneficial in its consequences, the discovery by the Wrzburg physics professor Wilhelmʹ Konradʹ Rntgen of hitherto unknown rays - x-rays, to which we, grateful to the memory of the scientist , have given the name "X-rays".
On the question of the blood picture in latent malaria
Authors: Zach R.
Published: November 2021

In malarial areas, along with obvious manifestations of malarial diseases, there is, as is known, a significant number of cases of latent malaria, that is, such forms of the latter, when there is no definite clinical picture on the face, nor plasmodia in the peripheral blood.
Spina bifida operation case
Authors: Flerov S. A.
Published: November 2021

Patient A.S., aged 1 year 6 months A week after her birth, her parents noticed a tumor in her sacrum, which at first was the size of a pea, and then gradually began to increase. Cases of deformities, syphilis and alcoholism c. family and relatives were not. The girl is crawling, but still cannot stand and walk. The food is good. Weight / (13 lb.) and height (67 cm) indicate developmental delays. Defecation and urination are correct. In the sacral region - a tense, fluctuating, covered with normal integuments, a tumor, almost the size of the head of a newborn. Below the tumor there is a foveola coccygeal" Negative reaction of Nonna-Appelt and Wassegmanna obtained by a test puncture from the tumor of cerebrospinal fluid.
Method of autoimmunity correction in ischemic heart disease
Authors: Shanin V. Yu. , Shanina N. Yu. , Bogoslovskaya S. I. , Elyutin D. V. , Tsarenko T. P.
Published: November 2021

The influence of a new enterosorbent-enterosgel on the immune and autoimmune process in the dynamics of ischemic heart disease and the possibilities of endogenic intoxication decrease using the given drug are estimated. The use of enterosgel made it possible to get the high therapeutic hypolipidemic and autoimmunocorrecting effect in patients with ischemic heart disease, expressed in the improvement of the state - the decrease of the frequency of stenocardia making it case of peace and effort making it possible to decrease daily nitroglycerine dose.
Polyclinic stage of rehabilitation of patients after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Khamidullin A. G. , Gizatullin Kh. G. , Vafin S. A.
Published: November 2021

The results of the polyclinic stage of rehabilitation of 295 patients with acute myocardial infarction are j given. The general number of days of temporary disablement (hospital, sanatorium, polyclinic stages) 112,66,92 - 151,212,64. As a result of the rehabilitation course 57 (40,1%) patients regained their ability to work, 35 (24,6%) patients restored partially their ability to work, 50 (35,4%) patients got disability the second group.
Prognostic importance of microvesiculation in acute pneumonias in children of school age
Authors: Pikuza O. L. , Andrushko I. A. , Zakirova A. M. , Moroz T. B.
Published: November 2021

Microvesiculation is studied in 52 children with acute pneumonia in relation to the nature of inflammatory process course in lungs. The highest indices of microvesiculation marker the activity of 5-1 nucleotidase enzyme are recorded in cases of focal inflammatory infiltration in the presence of areactive course of the disease. In the classical course of the process the shifts in enzyme indices were less bright. It is shown that the activity of 5-nucleotidase enzyme can be used as the index of inflammatory lesion variant of lungs and process rehabilitation.
Nonnarcotic analgesics and chronic renal failure
Authors: Rastegar A.
Published: November 2021

Nonnarcotic analgesics are among the class of drugs most widely used in the world. These drugs were developed mainly in the second half of the nineteenth century and have become very popular for pain relief both as monotherapy and as part of combination medications. This group includes salicylates (aspirin - ASA), pyrazolones (antipyrine), and anilides (phenacetin and acetaminophen - AAP). Despite the rapid progress of medical science during the last century, they still remain the basis of modern therapy.
Medical and economic aspects of mammolog1c preventive examinations of women
Authors: Orlov O. A.
Published: November 2021

The clinico-medical and economic aspects of mammologic preventive examinations of female workers Perm and Perm region are studied. As many as 61276 women aged 1772 were examined within 9 years. Various pathologic states were revealed in 9126 (14,9%) cases: diffusive mastopathies in 7286 (11,9%) women, nodes in 1840 (3%) women, mammary gland carcinoma in 62 cases (0,1% examined, 0,7% revealed diseases and 3,4% local formations). The examination cost of all patients was 716490 roubles or on the average, for one women, it was 11,7 roubles (0,4$). The cost of revealing one case of breast cancer was 11556 roubles (398$) and without taking into account mammography and ultra sound examination it was 7727 roubles (266$). The cost of revealing each case of cancer or premalignant processes more objectively reflects the economic validity of examinations and their importance in prevention of carcinomas.
VIII Russian National Congress "Man and Cure"
Authors: Amirov N. B.
Published: November 2021

A. I. Vyalkov, First Deputy Minister of Health, made a plenary report "The System of Rational Use of Medicines in Russia". He noted that in recent years the mortality rate among able-bodied population has increased by 54%. In the period from 1999 to 2000 the Russian population morbidity rate for all diseases was growing, mostly due to cardiovascular diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as tuberculosis.
Retrospective diagnosis of acute phase of HIV-infection
Authors: Bashirova D. K. , Khaertynova I. M. , Romanenko O. M. , Sirazieva F. K. , Zamyatina E. A.
Published: November 2021

The retrospective analysis of case histories of HIV- infected persons is carried out. It is established that in 62 patients there were clinical manifestations of acute HIV-infection: lymphadenopathy (60%), fever (71,2%), eruption (6,5%), diarrhea (3%), herpetic infection (3%), body mass decrease (30%), neurologic symptomatology. The growth of the number of persons with fresh" infections HIV is noted in Kazan and in most regions of Tatarstan Republic. Expected increase of persons with acute stages of HIV infection taking medical advice demands being on guard of medical workers of various specialities.
Possibilities of echocardiography in the estimation of severity of heart failure in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Fatenkov V. N. , Shchukin Yu. V.
Published: November 2021

The diagnostic informativity of echocardiography for estimation of severity of heart failure in patients after myocardial infarction is shown. The discriminant model of determining the functional class of heart failure is developed. Its use in performing the expert work in patients after myocardial infarction will make it possible to objectify the estimation of heart failure insufficiency.
Peculiarities of clinic and immunocorrective therapy of viral hepatitis B in adolescents who abuse psychoactive substances
Authors: Lesnaya I. N.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work was to study clinical and immunological features of acute viral hepatitis B (SVH) and analyze therapeutic efficacy of endogenous interferon inducer - cycloferon (CF) in adolescent substance abusers with SVH.
Study of venous tone in varicose veins by duplex scanning
Authors: Bredikhin R. A. , Ignatiev I. M. , Safiullina L. I. , Obukhova T. N.
Published: November 2021

Varicose vein disease (VD) of the lower extremities is the most common pathology of the peripheral vessels: 26-38% of women and 10-20% of men of working age suffer from it. The annual increase of new cases of VD among the inhabitants of industrialized countries reaches 2.6% among women and 1.9% among men. Its course is accompanied by a number of complications and a high level of disability of patients, which, in turn, is associated with significant economic costs. These circumstances make the development of an effective system for diagnosing VD an important medical and social problem.
Nystagmus: prevalence, classification, pathogenesis. (Literature review)
Authors: Apaev Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2021

The article provides information on the prevalence of nystagmus in the Russian Federation and the world. However, the lack of standards for data collection and the very understanding of the definition of optical nystagmus is the reason for the variation in prevalence values in different sources.
Additionally, the article presents various classifications of nystagmus. Currently, there are many different classifications, and the most commonly used examples are given. The classification of eye movement disorders and strabismus, adopted by the working group in 2001 (Classification of Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus CEMAS), is used worldwide. In our country, the most popular was the classification proposed by E.S. Avetisov (2001).
Various sources have suggested quite contradictory data on the nature of the onset and the mechanism of development of nystagmus. Recently, the issues related to the pathogenesis of nystagmus have been revised. The theories that existed at the end of the last century were not substantiated in modern works. The pathogenesis of optic nystagmus remains less studied due to its complexity and ambiguity. The investigations continue to find the relationship between the pathology of the central nervous system and functional disorders of visual functions. The question of the relationship between visual acuity and nystagmus remains unclear. Does a decrease in vision cause nystagmus? How do oscillatory movements in nystagmus affect visual functions? This article encompasses the main areas of this issue. However, despite a significant step in understanding the causes of the development of nystagmus, this pathology remains insufficiently studied. This prompts many researchers and practicing doctors to study its pathogenesis further