bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooking for One or Two: Applying Participatory Action Research to improve community‐dwelling older adults’ health and well‐being
Authors: Chojenta Catherine , Mingay Edwina , Gresham Ellie , Byles Julie
Published: March 2018

Issue addressed

This paper describes the process of the redevelopment and expansion of Cooking for One or Two, a community‐based nutrition education program for older adults.

Methods

This project took place in a large regional city in NSW Australia from September 2011 to September 2013. Previous Cooking for One or Two participants and Hunter Medical Research Institute Research Register members were recruited for focus groups (n = 37), recipe testing (n = 19) and telephone interviews (n = 55) to aid in the development and expansion of the program.

Results

Participant's experiences and preferences informed the development of a supplementary cookbook and add‐on education modules. Through a variety of methods, the research team sought ongoing feedback on the content and direction of the program. Content experts also reviewed the health promotion information for appropriateness.

Conclusions

Utilising the Participatory Action Research process resulted in an expanded set of materials for Cooking for One or Two that can enable older people to engage in peer‐to‐peer education and to take care of their nutritional and social health. The process is a valuable example of the success of ongoing collaboration between researchers and program developers with the target population.

So what?

While the research team developed evidence‐based content for the expanded program, the key to success was the continued engagement with the target population. This engagement fostered a sense of ownership over the program by participants and has led to continued support by the target population.
Etiology of hormone receptor positive breast cancer differs by levels of histologic grade and proliferation
Authors: Abubakar Mustapha , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Ali H. Raza , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Coulson Penny , Daley Frances , Blows Fiona , Benitez Javier , Milne Roger L. , Brenner Hermann , Stegmaier Christa , Mannermaa Arto , Rudolph Anja , Sinn Peter , Couch Fergus J. , Devilee Peter , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , Seynaeve Caroline , Figueroa Jonine , Lissowska Jolanta , Hewitt Stephen , Hooning Maartje J. , Hollestelle Antoinette , Foekens Renée , Koppert Linetta B. , Investigators kConFab , Bolla Manjeet K. , Wang Qin , Jones Michael E. , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Keeman Renske , Easton Douglas F. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Sherman Mark E. , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Pharoah Paul D. , Garcia‐Closas Montserrat
Published: March 2018

Limited epidemiological evidence suggests that the etiology of hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer may differ by levels of histologic grade and proliferation. We pooled risk factor and pathology data on 5,905 HR+ breast cancer cases and 26,281 controls from 11 epidemiological studies. Proliferation was determined by centralized automated measures of KI67 in tissue microarrays. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p‐values for case–case and case–control comparisons for risk factors in relation to levels of grade and quartiles (Q1–Q4) of KI67 were estimated using polytomous logistic regression models. Case–case comparisons showed associations between nulliparity and high KI67 [OR (95% CI) for Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.54 (1.22, 1.95)]; obesity and high grade [grade 3 vs. 1 = 1.68 (1.31, 2.16)] and current use of combined hormone therapy (HT) and low grade [grade 3 vs. 1 = 0.27 (0.16, 0.44)] tumors. In case–control comparisons, nulliparity was associated with elevated risk of tumors with high but not low levels of proliferation [1.43 (1.14, 1.81) for KI67 Q4 vs. 0.83 (0.60, 1.14) for KI67 Q1]; obesity among women ≥50 years with high but not low grade tumors [1.55 (1.17, 2.06) for grade 3 vs. 0.88 (0.66, 1.16) for grade 1] and HT with low but not high grade tumors [3.07 (2.22, 4.23) for grade 1 vs. 0.85 (0.55, 1.30) for grade 3]. Menarcheal age and family history were similarly associated with HR+ tumors of different grade or KI67 levels. These findings provide insights into the etiologic heterogeneity of HR+ tumors.
Simultaneous identification of three pseudoallergic components in Danshen injection by using high‐expression Mas‐related G protein coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography coupled online to HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Wang Cheng , Hou Yajing , Sun Wei , Che Delu , Yang Liu , Zhang Tao , Sun Meng , He Huaizhen , He Langchong
Published: March 2018

Adverse drug reactions of Danshen injection mainly manifested as pseudoallergic reactions. In the present study, salvianolic acid A and a pair of geometric isomers (isosalvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid C) were identified as pseudoallergic components in Danshen injection by a high‐expression Mas‐related G protein coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography coupled online with high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Their pseudoallergic activities were evaluated by in vitro assay, which were consistent with the retention times on the cell membrane chromatography column. Salvianolic acid C, the most outstanding compound, was further found to induce pseudoallergic reaction through Mas‐related G protein coupled receptor X2. All the results above indicated that the system developed in this study is an effective method for simultaneously analyzing pseudoallergic components, even those with similar structures and the microcomponents in complex samples (salvianolic acid C in Danshen injection).
Temperature‐controlled liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of diazinon and fenitrothion in water and fruit juice samples
Authors: Bazmandegan‐Shamili Alireza , Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Shabani Ali Mohammad Haji , Moghadam Masoud Rohani , Saeidi Mahboubeh
Published: March 2018

A simple, environmentally benign, and rapid method based on temperature‐controlled liquid–liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent was developed for the simultaneous extraction/preconcentration of diazinon and fenitrothion. The method involved the addition of deep eutectic solvent to the aqueous sample followed by heating the mixture in a 75°C water bath until the solvent was completely dissolved in the aqueous phase. Then, the resultant solution was cooled in an ice bath and a cloudy solution was formed. Afterward, the mixture was centrifuged and the enriched deep eutectic solvent phase was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for quantification of the analytes. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the limits of detection for diazinon and fenitrothion were 0.3 and 0.15 μg/L, respectively. The calibration curves for diazinon and fenitrothion exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 1–100 and 0.5–100 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for five replicate measurements at 10.0 μg/L level of analytes were less than 2.8 and 4.5% for intra‐ and interday assays, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of diazinon and fenitrothion in water and fruit juice samples.
Sutureless approach with vein grafts and mesenchymal stem cells in primary nerve repair: Functional and immunohistological results
Authors: Eren Ali , Atalar Hakan , Seymen Cemile Merve , Alpaslan Pınarlı Ferda , Take Kaplanoglu Gulnur , Turanlı Sacit
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to define a sutureless peripheral nerve repair technique with a vein graft and bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSC) and compare it to epineural repair.

Materials and methods

Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups evenly. In the control group (C), epineural repair was performed. In the SV (suture + vein) and MSV (BMSC + suture + vein) groups, epineural repair was wrapped with a vein graft. In the V (vein) and MV (vein + BMSC) groups, sutureless repair using a vein graft was performed by taking sutures away from the regeneration site. Rats were evaluated with pinprick, toe spread tests and sciatic nerve index (SFI) at 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. They were sacrificed at 12th week, repair sites were harvested and evaluated immunohistochemically.

Results

There was no difference in pinprick and toe spread tests between the groups at 12th week. The mean SFI was −76.5 ± 3.7, −65.2 ± 11.7, −46.2 ± 19.4, −68.8 ± 9.8, −56 ± 8.8 in the C, SV, MSV, V, MV groups, respectively. The MSV group showed significantly the best SFI results (P < .05). NF‐H immunostaining scores were as C; 1 ± 0.18, SV; 2.5 ± 0.36, MSV; 4 ± 0.49, V; 1.56 ± 0.54, MV; 3 ± 0.39, whereas GAP‐43 scores were as C; 1 ± 0.31, SV; 2.66 ± 0.56, MSV; 4.50 ± 0.23, V; 2 ± 0.23, MV; 3 ± 0.6. The best nerve regeneration according to immunostaining results was observed in the MSV group (P < .05). The mean fibrosis area was 221.5 ± 25.9, 101.6 ± 7.1, 121.3 ± 18.8, 150.3 ± 12.1, 152.4 ± 11.8 μm2 in the above groups, respectively. SV and MSV groups showed the significantly less fibrosis area (P < .05).

Conclusion

Epineural suture repair combined with vein wrapping and BMSCs (MSV) showed the best SFI, GAP‐43, and NF‐H immunostaining results.
Cartilage cavity—an MRI marker of cartilage lesions in knee OA with Data from CCBR, OAI, and PROOF
Authors: Dam Erik B. , Runhaar Jos , Bierma‐Zienstra Sita , Karsdal Morten
Published: March 2018

Purpose

We introduce the quantitative, continuous marker cartilage cavity that quantifies cartilage lesions by the total lesion volume. The aim was to quantify small lesions as well as large, full‐depth lesions.

Methods

We included 315 knees from the Center for Clinical and Basic Research (CCBR), 972 knees from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), and 791 knees from the Prevention of OA in Overweight Females (PROOF) cohorts. In a subset, we digitally inserted artificial lesions. Each knee MRI was segmented using the knee imaging quantification (KIQ) framework. We quantified cartilage mean thickness and cavity from high‐resolution cartilage thickness maps. Finally, we quantified lesion volume by the gradient peak method (GPM).

Results

Scan–rescan precision for cartilage cavity was 7.1%/3.0%. The cartilage cavity accuracy on the artificial lesions was determined as linear correlation at 0.88 with an average 8% under‐estimation of lesion volume. Cavity and degree of radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) correlated for all compartments (Spearman's rho between 0.14–0.56, P < 0.001). Cavity had modest correlations to whole‐organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS) cartilage lesion scores but strong correlations with Boston‐Leeds osteoarthritis knee score (BLOKS)/MRI osteoarthritis knee score (MOAKS) scores in most compartments (rho between 0.08–0.65, P < 0.001). Cavity correlated with WOMAC pain for all tibio‐femoral compartments in OAI (rho between 0.19–0.25, P < 0.001) and most compartments in PROOF. Comparing with the GPM estimate, cavity was more precise, more accurate, and correlated stronger with ROA, lesion scores, and pain levels.

Conclusion

The strong correlations with ROA, radiologist lesion scores, and pain demonstrated that cavity captured OA and lesion features. Thereby, it may be appropriate for quantification of cartilage surface irregularity.
Lower bound limit analysis of an anisotropic undrained strength criterion using second‐order cone programming
Authors: Ukritchon Boonchai , Keawsawasvong Suraparb
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the formulation of the lower bound limit analysis of an anisotropic undrained strength criterion using second‐order cone programming is described. The finite element concept was used to discretize the soil mass into 3‐noded triangular elements. The stress field was modeled using a linear interpolation within the elements while stress discontinuities were permitted to occur at the shared edges of adjacent elements. An elliptical yield criterion was adopted to model the anisotropic undrained strength of the clay. A statically admissible stress field was defined by enforcing the equilibrium equations within all triangular elements and along all shared edges of adjacent elements, stress boundary conditions, and no stress violation of the anisotropic strength envelope cast in the form of a conic quadratic constraint. The lower bound solution of the proposed formulation was solved by second‐order cone programming. The proposed formulation of the anisotropic undrained strength criterion was validated through comparison of the model's predictions with the known exact solutions of strip footings, and was applied to solve undrained stability of a shallow unlined square tunnel. Computational performance between the proposed approach of second‐order cone programming and linear programming was examined and discussed.
An Overhauser‐enhanced‐MRI platform for dynamic free radical imaging in vivo
Authors: Waddington David E. J. , Sarracanie Mathieu , Salameh Najat , Herisson Fanny , Ayata Cenk , Rosen Matthew S.
Published: March 2018

Overhauser‐enhanced MRI (OMRI) is an electron‐proton double‐resonance imaging technique of interest for its ability to non‐invasively measure the concentration and distribution of free radicals. In vivo OMRI experiments are typically undertaken at ultra‐low magnetic field (ULF), as both RF power absorption and penetration issues—a consequence of the high resonance frequencies of electron spins—are mitigated. However, working at ULF causes a drastic reduction in MRI sensitivity. Here, we report on the design, construction and performance of an OMRI platform optimized for high NMR sensitivity and low RF power absorbance, exploring challenges unique to probe design in the ULF regime. We use this platform to demonstrate dynamic imaging of TEMPOL in a rat model. The work presented here demonstrates improved speed and sensitivity of in vivo OMRI, extending the scope of OMRI to the study of dynamic processes such as metabolism.
A domain decomposition method for solving singularly perturbed parabolic reaction‐diffusion problems with time delay
Authors: Singh Joginder , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Mukesh
Published: March 2018

We design and analyse a domain decomposition method for solving singularly perturbed parabolic reaction‐diffusion problems with time delay. Using the asymptotic behavior of the solution, we decompose the original domain of the problem into three overlapping subdomains, two of which are boundary layer subdomains and one is a regular subdomain. On each subdomain, we discretize the problem by the backward Euler scheme in the time direction and the central difference scheme in the spatial direction. The proposed method is shown to be uniformly convergent, having almost second order in space and first order in time. In addition, we prove that the proposed method converges much faster for small values of perturbation parameterAt the end, some numerical results are given in support of theoretical findings.
Psychometric evaluation of the nursing child assessment teaching (NCAT) scale in a community‐based sample
Authors: Ransone Samantha H. , Graff J. Carolyn , Bush Andrew J. , Oxford Monica , Wicks Mona N.
Published: March 2018

The effect of the mother‐child relationship on long‐term child development has received research attention for decades. Because the quality and quantity of mother‐infant interactions have been established as important predictors of the child's development, early identification of areas in the relationship requiring support and intervention is essential for promoting positive child outcomes. The Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCAT) is an instrument long used to quantify the quality of interaction in the mother‐child relationship during the first 36 months of a child's life. While the NCAT has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument, limited evidence exists of the theoretical congruence between the Barnard Model it is based on and the NCAT scale. The psychometric properties of the NCAT scale and subscales were examined using item response theory in relation to characteristics of interactions in the Barnard Model using data collected during a clinic visit at 12 months of infant age in a sample of mothers and children (N = 1,121 dyads) from a community‐based sample in Shelby County, TN. In this secondary analysis, descriptive statistics, reliabilities, and factor loadings for the NCAT were obtained using confirmatory factor analysis and augmented to form multiple indicators, multiple causes models, linking demographic predictors of the mothers and children to the NCAT subscales. Results supported scale abbreviation and theoretical congruence with the Barnard Model, which may provide researchers and practitioners with a more concise, reliable way of measuring maternal‐child interaction in community settings.
Precious GEMMs: emergence of faithful models for ovarian cancer research
Authors: Stuckelberger Sarah , Drapkin Ronny
Published: March 2018

The development of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) has catalyzed tremendous progress in cancer research. However, it has been difficult to design adequate mouse models for high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer. The genetic complexity of the disease, as well as the recent appreciation that most HGSCs arise from the fallopian tube (FT) secretory epithelium rather than the ovarian surface epithelium, has stifled the development of robust GEMMs. In a recent issue of this journal, Zhai et al presented an elegant mouse model for ovarian cancer that uses Ovgp1 as an FT‐specific promoter to inactivate Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, Nf1, and Pten. The authors showed that loss of these genes in the mouse FT epithelium can mimic the different stages of human HGSC tumorigenesis. Their robust model emphasizes the importance of considering both the cell of origin and tumor genetics in developing accurate model systems. They provide a useful tool for studying mechanisms of disease in vivo and for research into novel methods of prevention, early detection, and treatment of HGSC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of fractures among an older adult cohort
Authors: Harding Barbara N. , Weiss Noel S. , Walker Rod L. , Larson Eric B. , Dublin Sascha
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to determine if the use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is associated with an increased fracture risk, as some prior studies have suggested.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included data on 4438 participants aged 65 and older who had no fracture in the year prior to baseline and had ≥5 years of enrollment history in Kaiser Permanente Washington, an integrated healthcare delivery system in Seattle, WA, during 1994 to 2014. Time‐varying cumulative exposure to PPIs was determined from automated pharmacy data by summing standard daily doses (SDDs) across fills, and patients were categorized as no use (reference group, ≤30 SDD), light use (31‐540 SDD), moderate use (541‐1080 SDD), and heavy use (≥1081 SDD). Incident fractures were assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from electronic medical records. Potential confounders, chosen a priori, were assessed at baseline and at each 2‐year follow‐up visit. Fracture risk was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Over a mean follow‐up of 6.1 years, 802 (18.1%) participants experienced a fracture. No overall association was found between PPI use and fracture risk. Adjusted hazard ratios comparing users to the referent category were 1.08 (95% CI 0.83‐1.40) for light users, 1.31 (95% CI 0.86‐1.95) for moderate users, and 0.95 (95% CI 0.68‐1.34) for heavy users. Among patients with SSD > 30, no appreciable increase in fracture risk was present in persons with recent versus distant use (adjusted hazard ratio of 1.14 [95% CI 0.91‐1.42]).

Conclusions

No association was observed between PPI use and fracture risk among older adults.
Icodextrin reduces the risk of congestive heart failure in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Wang I‐Kuan , Lin Cheng‐Li , Yen Tzung‐Hai , Lin Shih‐Yi , Yao‐Lung Liu , Sung Fung‐Chang
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Icodextrin can enhance ultrafiltration and consequently improve fluid balance and can control blood pressure and reduce left ventricular mass for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study investigated whether icodextrin use could reduce the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) for PD patients.

Methods

From the Taiwan National Health Insurance database, we identified 5462 newly diagnosed end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing PD from 2005 to 2010. Incidence rates and hazard ratio of CHF were estimated for patients with and without icodextrin treatment by the end of 2011.

Results

Among PD patients, icodextrin users had an overall 26% lower incidence of CHF than non‐users (13.7 vs 18.6 per 1000 person‐years). Relatively, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.52–0.87) for users compared with non‐users. Among PD patients with diabetes, the incident CHF in icodextrin users was 37.5% lower than that in non‐users (17.8 vs 28.5 per 1000 person‐years). Among PD patients without diabetes, the incident CHF in icodextrin users was 30.4% lower than that in non‐users (11.0 vs 15.8 per 1000 person‐years).

Conclusions

Icodextrin solution could reduce the risk of new‐onset CHF, particularly effective when diabetic PD patients use it.
Preparation of poly(ether‐block‐amide)/poly(amide‐co‐poly(propylene glycol)) random copolymer blend membranes for CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Zhu Tengyang , Yang Xing , Zheng Yayun , He Xiaoqi , Chen Feifei , Luo Jujie
Published: March 2018

A series of poly(amide‐co‐poly(propylene glycol)) (PA‐PPG) random copolymers with different content of PPG were designed by polycondensation reaction. These random copolymers were blended up to 60% with commercially available Pebax 2533. The blend membranes were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gas permeation properties of these blend membranes were investigated using five single‐gases (CO2, H2, O2, CH4, and N2) at different temperature of 25–55°C and 1.0 atm. The impacts of content of PA‐PPG with different PPG content and operating temperature on CO2 separation properties of Pebax/PA‐PPG blend membranes were studied. The results showed that CO2 permeability gradually increased with the increasing operating temperature, whereas CO2 permeability gradually decreased with the increase in content of PA‐PPG. CO2/N2 selectivity gradually increased with the increase in content of PA‐PPG. In particular, Pebax/PA‐PPG (50)–60% displayed excellent CO2 and O2 separation properties (PCO2 = 79.7 Barrer and PO2 = 13.6 Barrer, CO2/N2 = 34.7 and O2/N2 = 5.9) at 25°C and 1.0 atm. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E14–E23, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Co‐initiating function of silk peptide in free radical photopolymerization
Authors: Nan Xuying , Huang Yi , Shao Jianzhong , Yan Huiqiong , Wu Mingshu , Yao Yuhua
Published: March 2018

Silk peptide used as a co‐initiator in type 2 photo‐initiator has not been known. In this study, the photoinitiation system is composed of the sensitizer, the synergist and silk peptide with low molecular weight (<3,500), which is used to initiate photopolymerization of common monomer. The same photopolymerization was performed to evaluate the co‐initiating ability of four essential amino acids of silk peptide, and of four pentapeptides synthesized using them as substrates, respectively. It was suggested that the glycine residue and alanine residue on silk peptide might be mainly responsible for the co‐initiating role. And the co‐initiating function might be ascribed to the electron/hydrogen donation of silk peptide. Silk peptide combined with the sensitizer and iodonium salt could also efficiently initiate photo‐curing of hydrogel precursors. And due to excellent water solubility of silk peptide, the water absorption of the formed hydrogel could be further improved. These studies will open an opportunity for the application of silk peptide as a biocompatible co‐initiator. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2185–2191, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
High‐performance dielectric poly(arylene ether nitrile)/Ag nanoparticles decorated halloysites nanotube composites through modified bio‐inspired method and synergistic effect
Authors: Ren Yang , Zhang Shihong , Wan Xinyi , Zhan Yingqing , Zhang Jieming , He Yi
Published: March 2018

To obtain high‐performance dielectric materials with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, novel polymer composites based on poly(arylene ether nitrile) and Ag nanoparticles decorated halloysites nanotube(HNTs) were presented. For this purpose, halloysites nanotubes were modified by bio‐inspired polydopamine coating, which acted as both the template and reducing agent for decoration of HNTs by Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, a modified bio‐inspired method was developed to realize the surface modification of Ag nanoparticles decorated HNTs hybrid by introducing secondary functional monomer (KH550) to polydopamine system. Therefore, the synergistic effect and good interfacial adhesion contributed to the interesting properties of resulting PEN composites. With addition of 9 wt% Ag nanoparticles decorated HNTs hybrid, the dielectric constant of PEN composite was increased from 3.2 of pure PEN to 10.6 (100 Hz), and low dielectric loss of PEN composite was remained. Furthermore, the tensile strength of PEN composite with 3 wt% of Ag nanoparticles decorated HNTs hybrid increased from 81.07 MPa of pure PEN to 101.3 MPa (increased by 25%). In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) reached 171.9°C with addition of Ag nanoparticles decorated HNTs hybrid, which exhibited the significant enhancement in thermal stability. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2227–2236, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fontänen und Loopings am laufenden Band
Authors: Suhr Wilfried , Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: March 2018

Zu Schlaufen verknüpfte Seile können durch einen einfachen Antriebsmechanismus in Rotation versetzt und in Abhängigkeit von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit zu unterschiedlichen Bewegungsfiguren angeregt werden. Die bei niedrigen Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten auftretende Seilfontäne geht bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten durch einen Symmetriebruch in die „dissipative Struktur“ eines freitragenden Loopings über, dem ein grundsätzlich anderer Mechanismus zugrunde liegt. So übernimmt der bei der Fontäne im Prinzip zu vernachlässigende Einfluss des Luftwiderstands beim Looping eine konstruktive Rolle. Deshalb ließe sich im Vakuum kein Looping realisieren.
Theoretical insight into the excited‐state proton transfer process: Role of the substituent ‐CN on HBT system
Authors: Tong Yuping , Mei Wanwan , Ma Juntao
Published: March 2018

In this work, using density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods, we theoretically studied the excited‐state behaviors of 3 novel 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) derivatives (HBT‐H‐H, HBT‐CN‐H, and HBT‐CN‐CN). Analyses about primary chemical structures such as bond lengths and bond angles, we found that all the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these 3 structures should be strengthened in the S1 state upon the photoexcitation. Exploring the infrared vibrational spectra at the hydrogen bonds groups, we confirmed that nonsubstitutional HBT‐H‐H structure might play more important roles in the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction than HBT‐CN‐H and HBT‐CN‐CN. Further, investigating vertical excitation process, it can be revealed that charge redistribution involved in hydrogen bonding moieties could facilitate the ESIPT reaction. Based on constructing potential energy curves of both S0 and S1 states, we confirmed that the substituents on HBT systems can reasonably regulate and control the ESIPT processes because of the different potential energy barriers. We deem that this present work not only elaborates the different excited‐state behaviors of HBT‐H‐H, HBT‐CN‐H, and HBT‐CN‐CN but also may play important roles in designing and developing new materials and applications involved in HBT systems in future.
Crystal structure of secretory abundant heat soluble protein 4 from one of the toughest “water bears” micro‐animals Ramazzottius Varieornatus
Authors: Fukuda Yohta , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2018

Though anhydrobiotic tardigrades (micro‐animals also known as water bears) possess many genes of secretory abundant heat soluble (SAHS) proteins unique to Tardigrada, their functions are unknown. A previous crystallographic study revealed that a SAHS protein (RvSAHS1) from one of the toughest tardigrades, Ramazzottius varieornatus, has a β‐barrel architecture similar to fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) and two putative ligand binding sites (LBS1 and LBS2) where fatty acids can bind. However, some SAHS proteins such as RvSAHS4 have different sets of amino acid residues at LBS1 and LBS2, implying that they prefer other ligands and have different functions. Here RvSAHS4 was crystallized and analyzed under a condition similar to that for RvSAHS1. There was no electron density corresponding to a fatty acid at LBS1 of RvSAHS4, where a putative fatty acid was observed in RvSAHS1. Instead, LBS2 of RvSAHS4, which was composed of uncharged residues, captured a putative polyethylene glycol molecule. These results suggest that RvSAHS4 mainly uses LBS2 for the binding of uncharged molecules.
Dynamic protein folding at the surface of stimuli‐responsive peptide fibrils
Authors: Nagarkar Radhika P. , Miller Stephen E. , Zhong Sheng , Pochan Darrin J. , Schneider Joel P.
Published: March 2018

The repetitive self‐assembled structure of amyloid can serve as inspiration to design functional materials. Herein, we describe the design of α/β6, a peptide that contains distinct α‐helical and β‐structure forming domains. The folding and association state of each domain can be controlled by temperature. At low temperatures, the α‐domain favors a coiled‐coil state while the β‐domain is unstructured. Irreversible fibril formation via self‐assembly of the β‐domain is triggered at high temperatures where the α‐domain is unfolded. Resultant fibrils serve as templates upon which reversible coiled coil formation of the α‐domain can be thermally controlled. At concentrations of α/β6 ≥ 2.5 wt%, the peptide forms a mechanically defined hydrogel highlighting the possibility of designing materials whose function can be actively modulated by controlling the folded state of proteins displayed from the surface of fibrils that constitute the gel.
Structural Interpretation of Ion Transport and Small Polaron Hopping Conduction in Gd Substituted Nickel Nanoferrites
Authors: Sinha Ankurava , Dutta Abhigyan
Published: March 2018

In this work, structural, optical and electrical properties of Gd‐doped Nickel ferrite nanocrystalline materials [NiFe2−xGdxO4(x = 0.00–0.15)] prepared through citrate auto‐ignition method are reported. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals that prepared samples are purely single phase for lower Gd concentration but for higher Gd concentration, an orthorhombic phase of GdFeO3appears which is confirmed from Rietveld analysis. The UV–Vis study points to the semiconducting nature of the prepared samples. The electrical analysis shows that the ac conductivity of the samples increases with the increase in Gd doping concentration uptox = 0.10 and then decreases. The dielectric relaxation process is analyzed using Havriliak–Negami formalism. The existence of small polaron hopping conduction is verified using Mott's variable range hopping model.
Controlling the spin state of diphenylcarbene via halogen bonding: A theoretical study
Authors: Ge Yang , Lu Yunxiang , Xu Zhijian , Liu Honglai
Published: March 2018

Halogen bonding has recently become an effective tool to control the spin state of reactive carbenes. In this work, a series of the complexes of diphenylcarbene (DPC) that has a triplet ground state with several halogen bond donors RX were theoretically studied, and in particular, the influence of the formation of halogen bonding on the spin state of DPC was extensively explored. The spin flip depends on the difference of halogen bond energies between triplet and singlet, that is, when the difference is large enough a spin flip may occur. Furthermore, the variations of the geometries on complexation may induce the potential energy surfaces of different spin states to intersect, thus leading to intersystem crossing. Based on the energy analysis of the minimum energy crossing points (MECPs), the systems with a smaller MECP‐triplet energy barrier go through intersystem crossing more easily. Halogen bonds in the complexes, where a spin flip takes place, exhibit a partially covalent character, while other complexes show conventional behaviors of halogen bonding. According to charge decomposition analysis, the charge transfer from HOMO (DPC) to LUMO (RX) is identified as a prominent stabilizing interaction in the whole complexes.
ONIOM and FMO‐EDA study of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1: Quantum insights into the allosteric binding site
Authors: Śliwa Paweł , Kurczab Rafał , Bojarski Andrzej J.
Published: March 2018

The crystal structure of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) complexed with 4‐fluoro‐N‐(4‐(6‐(isopropylamino)pyrimidin‐4‐yl)thiazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐methylbenzamide (FITM, a negative allosteric modulator) and its twelve close structural analogs with a broad spectrum of affinities (2.4 nM < IC50 > 10 000 nM) were investigated using quantum mechanical methods. The our own N‐layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics (ONIOM) was used to optimize the molecular geometries of the receptor with complexed ligands, which were then used to perform the ab initio calculations using the fragment molecular orbitals method with energy decomposition analysis (FMO‐EDA). The results clearly showed that residues Q6603.28 and/or Y8056.55 were the anchoring points for all the studied analogs of FITM, while the H‐bond with T8157.38 determined only the orientation of very active molecules containing an amino substituent in the pyrimidine moiety (e.g., FITM). The orientation of the other parts of ligands resulted from hydrophobic interactions mainly with L7575.44, F8016.51, or W7986.48. The applied ONIOM/FMO–EDA approach facilitated the study of effects related to very small changes in the ligand structure and led to conclusions regarding the significance of individual interactions in the allosteric binding pocket of mGluR1.
Respiratory failure patient with lung cancer diagnosed by transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound‐guided aspirates
Authors: Ito Takayasu , Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Kimura Tomoki , Kataoka Kensuke
Published: March 2018

A 71‐year‐old man, who had received long‐term oxygen therapy for respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, had an enlarged mediastinal lymph node for one year. As his lung function was poor, we tried performing endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration under non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for diagnosis but could not obtain sufficient specimens. Later, we performed an endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) using a transesophageal approach. Rapid on‐site cytology revealed that adequate specimens were obtained, and we could terminate the procedure in 12 min without any complications. The histological findings revealed lung adenocarcinoma. EUS‐B‐FNA, which can be performed by a pulmonologist, is a useful alternative for diagnosing mediastinal lesions in patients with respiratory failure.
Adaptation in truncated predictor feedback to overcome uncertainty in the delay
Authors: Wei Yusheng , Lin Zongli
Published: March 2018

It is well known in the literature that delay‐adaptive control schemes for general linear systems with input delay, induced from predictor feedback, typically incorporate distributed terms in both the control law and the update law for the delay estimator, leading to the infinite‐dimension characteristic of the schemes. Furthermore, when the full actuator state is not employed, only local regulation has been achieved in the sense that the initial state has to be sufficiently small and, at the same time, the initial guess of the delay has to be sufficiently close to its actual value. In this paper, by restricting our attention to systems without exponentially unstable poles, we avoid implementational issues arising from typical infinite‐dimensional control schemes by developing a finite‐dimensional scheme inspired by the truncated predictor feedback (TPF) design technique. Our scheme achieves global regulation as long as a sufficiently small neighborhood of the actual delay is identified. An adaptation‐free version of the robust TPF, which is inferred from the delay‐adaptive control scheme, is also included to reveal a second level of robustness to the uncertainty in the value of the delay that appears in the state transition matrix of the TPF.
Scaling limits of random bipartite planar maps with a prescribed degree sequence
Authors: Marzouk Cyril
Published: March 2018

We study the asymptotic behavior of uniform random maps with a prescribed face‐degree sequence, in the bipartite case, as the number of faces tends to infinity. Under mild assumptions, we show that, properly rescaled, such maps converge in distribution toward the Brownian map in the Gromov–Hausdorff sense. This result encompasses a previous one of Le Gall for uniform random q‐angulations where q is an even integer. It applies also to random maps sampled from a Boltzmann distribution, under a second moment assumption only, conditioned to be large in either of the sense of the number of edges, vertices, or faces. The proof relies on the convergence of so‐called “discrete snakes” obtained by adding spatial positions to the nodes of uniform random plane trees with a prescribed child sequence recently studied by Broutin and Marckert. This paper can alternatively be seen as a contribution to the study of the geometry of such trees.
Urban Integrated Sustainable Assessment Methodology for Existing Neighborhoods (UISA fEN), a New Approach for Promoting Sustainable Development
Authors: Reyes Nieto Jocelyn Erandi , Rigueiro Constança , Simões da Silva Luís , Murtinho Vitor
Published: March 2018

The urban sustainable assessment tools (USATs) are often used to measure the effectiveness of communities in achieving sustainable development goals. However, there is still a lack of in‐depth critical evaluation of these tools. This paper analyzes the current USATs, having as a result of this study an outline of the main shortcomings of these methodologies.

The presentation of a solution to these limitations is the aim of the paper, and it is satisfied with the introduction of a new comprehensive methodology, named ‘UISA fEN’ (Urban Integrated Sustainable Assessment methodology for Existing Neighborhoods), which is an indexing model for evaluating sustainability in existing neighborhoods.

This paper outlines a general overview of UISA fEN methodology with the objective of providing a series of reflections on how to enhance the sustainability of existing neighborhoods, by using the proper sustainable key indicators.
New Insight into Procedure of Interface Electron Transfer through Cascade System with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ning Xingming , Li Wenqi , Meng Yao , Qin Dongdong , Chen Jing , Mao Xiang , Xue Zhonghua , Shan Duoliang , Devaramani Samrat , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: March 2018

Recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is extremely limited in the practical application of photocatalysis toward solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution. A rational design of the cascade system (i.e., rGO/Bi2WO6/Au, and ternary composites) with highly efficient charge carrier separation is successfully constructed. As expected, the integrated system (rGO/Bi2WO6/Au) shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to bare Bi2WO6 and other binary composites, and it is proved in multiple electron transfer (MET) behavior, namely a cooperative electron transfer (ET) cascade effect. Simultaneously, UV–vis/scanning electrochemical microscopy is used to directly identify MET kinetic information through an in situ probe scanning technique, where the “fast” and “slow” heterogeneous ET rate constants (Keff) of corresponding photocatalysts on the different interfaces are found, which further reveals that the MET behavior is the prime source for enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work not only offers a new insight to study catalytic performance during photocatalysis and electrocatalysis systems, but also opens up a new avenue to design highly efficient catalysts in photocatalytic CO2 conversion to useful chemicals and photovoltaic devices.
Monitoring of the Oxide Formation on Steel Surfaces by Using Optical Reflectivity Combined with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Falk Heinz , Falk Martin
Published: March 2018

The sampling of the surface‐near gas composition using a mass spectrometer (MS‐Probe) is a valuable tool within a hot dip process simulator. Whereas the MS‐Probe allows the determination of the oxide coverage only after the thermal treatment, the optical reflection measurement can reveal the building up or reducing of the oxides in situ. The experiments reported in this paper show that the formation of reducible as well as non‐reducible oxides can be monitored using the reflectometer. With the reflectivity measurement, the surface conditioning of the steel surface for the hot dip galvanization can be characterized.
Designing Nanoparticles and Nanoalloys with Controlled Surface and Reactivity
Authors: Carenco Sophie
Published: March 2018

Designing well‐defined nanoparticles and nanoalloys is a tremendous way to achieve in‐depth understanding of their intrinsic properties. In particular, structure and composition of the core and the surface of nanoalloys can be investigated by a combination of state‐of‐the‐art in situ microscopy and spectroscopy. These nanoalloys represent a playground to establish structure‐properties relationships within the nano‐matter. They provide a much needed understanding of the distribution of each element within the nanoparticles, depending on the environment (gaseous atmosphere, temperature, etc.). This distribution may evolve over time. Lighter elements, such as phosphorus, are critical to the reactivity of the nanoparticle's surface in reactions such as CO or CO2 hydrogenation. Here, the rational design of nanoalloys will be discussed (reactants choice, composition control), in relation with their surface state. Consequences on heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic reactions, as well as for energy storage and conversion, will be illustrated through examples.
Students' mental load, stress, and performance when working with symbolic or symbolic–textual molecular representations
Authors: Minkley Nina , Kärner Tobias , Jojart Atila , Nobbe Lasse , Krell Moritz
Published: March 2018

In science education, representations are necessary inter alia for the understanding of relationships between structures and systems. However, several studies have identified difficulties of students when working with representations. In the present study, we investigated students' responses (regarding their preference, test performance, mental load (ML), and stress) toward two kinds of representations: symbolic representations, which only use abstract symbols, versus combined symbolic–textual representations, which additionally comprise textual elements. Therefore, students were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: one group worked on test tasks accompanied by symbolic representations, and the others worked on the same tasks, but with symbolic–textual representations. Thereafter, the students' test performance and ML were assessed. The level of perceived stress and the salivary cortisol concentration were measured before and after the test and again a few minutes later. Additionally, heart rate variability parameters were assessed continuously. We found a strong preference of the test version with symbolic representations. Additionally, the students showed better test performance and lower ML when they worked with symbolic representations. However, the level of perceived stress was comparable between both groups and there was no strong physiological stress response: The cortisol concentration decreased in both groups and the heart rate was relatively similar. However, during the second half of the test, we observed a significantly higher ratio between low and high heartbeat frequencies in the group with symbolic–textual representations and we found an indirect influence of the kind of representation on test performance through its effect on ML. The poorer test performance and higher ML in connection with symbolic–textual representations confirm previous studies, which found that symbolic–textual representations pose major problems for students. Thus, teachers should enable students to understand symbolic–textual representations and consider carefully whether they can use symbolic representations instead, especially when they teach complex content.
Correction to: A Novel Classification and Staged Approach for Dissection Along the Celiac and Hepatic Artery During Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Inoue Yosuke , Saiura Akio , Takahashi Yu
Published: March 2018

In the original article, the captions for Figs. 2 and 3 were erroneously interchanged. The original article has been corrected.
CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease concord with amyloid‐β PET and predict clinical progression: A study of fully automated immunoassays in BioFINDER and ADNI cohorts
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Seibyl John , Stomrud Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Trojanowski John Q. , Bittner Tobias , Lifke Valeria , Corradini Veronika , Eichenlaub Udo , Batrla Richard , Buck Katharina , Zink Katharina , Rabe Christina , Blennow Kaj , Shaw Leslie M. ,   for the Swedish BioFINDER study group,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2018

Introduction

We studied whether fully automated Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoassay results were concordant with positron emission tomography (PET) and predicted clinical progression, even with cutoffs established in an independent cohort.

Methods

Cutoffs for Elecsys amyloid‐β1–42 (Aβ), total tau/Aβ(1–42), and phosphorylated tau/Aβ(1–42) were defined against [18F]flutemetamol PET in Swedish BioFINDER (n = 277) and validated against [18F]florbetapir PET in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 646). Clinical progression in patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 619) was studied.

Results

CSF total tau/Aβ(1–42) and phosphorylated tau/Aβ(1–42) ratios were highly concordant with PET classification in BioFINDER (overall percent agreement: 90%; area under the curve: 94%). The CSF biomarker statuses established by predefined cutoffs were highly concordant with PET classification in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (overall percent agreement: 89%–90%; area under the curves: 96%) and predicted greater 2‐year clinical decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Strikingly, tau/Aβ ratios were as accurate as semiquantitative PET image assessment in predicting visual read–based outcomes.

Discussion

Elecsys CSF biomarker assays may provide reliable alternatives to PET in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.