bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BioSANS: A software package for symbolic and numeric biological simulation
Authors: Fajiculay Erickson , Hsu Chao-Ping
Published: April 2022

Modeling biochemical systems can provide insights into behaviors that are difficult to observe or understand. It requires software, programming, and understanding of the system to build a model and study it. Softwares exist for systems biology modeling, but most support only certain types of modeling tasks. Desirable features including ease in preparing input, symbolic or analytical computation, parameter estimation, graphical user interface, and systems biology markup language (SBML) support are not seen concurrently in one software package. In this study, we developed a python-based software that supports these features, with both deterministic and stochastic propagations. The software can be used by graphical user interface, command line, or as a python import. We also developed a semi-programmable and intuitively easy topology input method for the biochemical reactions. We tested the software with semantic and stochastic SBML test cases. Tests on symbolic solution and parameter estimation were also included. The software we developed is reliable, well performing, convenient to use, and compliant with most of the SBML tests. So far it is the only systems biology software that supports symbolic, deterministic, and stochastic modeling in one package that also features parameter estimation and SBML support. This work offers a comprehensive set of tools and allows for better availability and accessibility for studying kinetics and dynamics in biochemical systems.
Delirium diagnosis without a gold standard: Evaluating diagnostic accuracy of combined delirium assessment tools
Authors: Moss Stephana J. , Hee Lee Chel , Doig Christopher J. , Whalen-Browne Liam , Stelfox Henry T. , Fiest Kirsten M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Fluctuating course of delirium and complexities of ICU care mean delirium symptoms are hard to identify or commonly confused with other disorders. Delirium is difficult to diagnose, and clinicians and researchers may combine assessments from multiple tools. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of different combinations of delirium assessments performed in each enrolled patient.

Methods

Data were obtained from a previously conducted cross-sectional study. Eligible adult patients who remained admitted to ICU for >24 hours with at least one family member present were consecutively enrolled as patient-family dyads. Clinical delirium assessments (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist [ICSDC] and Confusion Assessment Method-ICU [CAM-ICU]) were completed twice daily by bedside nurse or trained research assistant, respectively. Family delirium assessments (Family Confusion Assessment Method and Sour Seven) were completed once daily by family members. We pooled all delirium assessment tools in a single two-class latent model and pairwise (i.e., combined, clinical or family assessments) Bayesian analyses.

Results

Seventy-three patient-family dyads were included. Among clinical delirium assessments, the ICDSC had lower sensitivity (0.72; 95% Bayesian Credible [BC] interval 0.54–0.92) and higher specificity (0.90; 95%BC, 0.82–0.97) using Bayesian analyses compared to pooled latent class analysis and CAM-ICU had higher sensitivity (0.90; 95%BC, 0.70–1.00) and higher specificity (0.94; 95%BC, 0.80–1.00). Among family delirium assessments, the Family Confusion Assessment Method had higher sensitivity (0.83; 95%BC, 0.71–0.92) and higher specificity (0.93; 95%BC, 0.84–0.98) using Bayesian analyses compared to pooled latent class analysis and the Sour Seven had higher specificity (0.85; 95%BC, 0.67–0.99) but lower sensitivity (0.64; 95%BC 0.47–0.82).

Conclusions

Results from delirium assessment tools are often combined owing to imperfect reference standards for delirium measurement. Pairwise Bayesian analyses that explicitly accounted for each tool’s (performed within same patient) prior sensitivity and specificity indicate that two combined clinical or two combined family delirium assessment tools have fair diagnostic accuracy.
Assessment of self-rated health: The relative importance of physiological, mental, and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Hamplová Dana , Klusáček Jan , Mráček Tomáš
Published: April 2022

Background

The general self-rated health (SRH) question is the most common health measure employed in large population surveys. This study contributes to research on the concurrent validity of SRH using representative data with biomarkers from the Czech Republic, a population not previously used to assess the SRH measure. This work determines the relative contribution of biomedical and social characteristics to an individual’s SRH assessment. Studies have already explored the associations between SRH and markers of physical health. However, according to a PubMed systematic literature search, the issue of the relative importance of physiological and psychosocial factors that affect individuals’ assessments of their SRH has generally been neglected.

Methodology/Principal findings

Using data from a specialized epidemiological survey of the Czech population (N = 1021), this study adopted ordinary least squares regression to analyze the extent to which variance in SRH is explained by biomedical measures, mental health, health behavior, and socioeconomic characteristics. This analysis showed that SRH variance can be largely attributed to biomedical and psychological measures. Socioeconomic characteristics (i.e. marital status, education, economic activity, and household income) contributed to around 5% of the total variance. After controlling for age, sex, location, and socioeconomic status, biomarkers (i.e. C-reactive protein, blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), number of medical conditions, and current medications explained 11% of the total SRH variance. Mental health indicators contributed to an additional 9% of the variance. Body mass index and health behaviors (i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption) explained less than 2% of the variance.

Conclusions/Significance

The results suggested that SRH was a valid measure of physiological and mental health in the Czech sample, and the observed differences were likely to have reflected inequalities in bodily and mental functions between social groups.
Teletherapy and hospitalizations in patients with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Sánchez-Guarnido Antonio José , Urquiza Beatriz Machado , Sánchez Maria del Mar Soler , Masferrer Carmen , Perles Francisca , Petkari Eleni
Published: April 2022

Background

Interventions with patients with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) had to adapt rapidly to the COVID-19 safety restrictive measures, leading to the widespread use of teletherapy as an alternative.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to compare the use of different intervention modalities with patients with SMI during the first wave of the pandemic and examine their association with emergency hospital visits and hospitalization rates six months later.

Methods

Records of 270 service users of fifteen outpatient mental health services across Spain, were retrospectively assessed. We retrieved clinical data and data on the modality of intervention received (in-person, over the phone, videoconferencing) in three time points (before, during and after the first COVID-19 wave). Also, data were retrieved regarding the frequency of their emergency hospital visits and hospitalization rates, two, four and six months later.

Results

During the first wave of the pandemic, teletherapy (over the phone and videoconferencing) was the modality most widely used, whilst in-person therapy sessions were significantly reduced, though they seemed to return to pre-COVID levels after the first wave had passed. Importantly, patients receiving teletherapy during the first wave seemed to have significantly fewer emergency visits and hospitalization rates four and six months later (χ2 = 13.064; p < .001). Multilevel analyses revealed that patients receiving videoconferencing interventions had fewer hospitalizations six months after the first wave (OR = 0.25; p = .012).

Conclusions

Under challenging circumstances as those created by the COVID pandemic, teletherapy is a useful tool for protection against hospitalizations and can be used as an alternative to in-person therapy, to ensure continuity of care for patients with SMI.
Pirikool® 300 CS, a new long-lasting capsule suspension formulation of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors
Authors: Fongnikin Augustin , Odjo Abibath , Akpi Joel , Kiki Laurette , Ngufor Corine
Published: April 2022

Background

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) using a capsule suspension formulation of the organophosphate insecticide, pirimiphos-methyl, has provided substantial malaria control in many communities in Africa. However, only one brand of this product has been recommended by the World Health Organisation for IRS. To help increase the diversity of the portfolio of IRS insecticides and offer suitable options to procurers and malaria vector control programmes, additional product brands of this highly effective and long-lasting insecticide formulation for IRS will be needed.

Methods

We evaluated the efficacy of Pirikool® 300CS, a new capsule suspension formulation of pirimiphos-methyl developed by Tianjin Yorkool, International Trading, Co., Ltd in standard WHO laboratory bioassays and experimental hut studies. The efficacy of the insecticide applied at 1000mg/m2 was assessed in laboratory bioassays for 6 months on cement, plywood and mud block substrates and for 12 months in cement and mud-walled experimental huts against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Covè, Benin. Actellic® 300CS, a WHO-recommended capsule suspension formulation of pirimiphos-methyl was also tested. WHO cylinder tests were performed to determine the frequency of insecticide resistance in the wild vector population during the hut trial.

Results

The vector population at the hut station was resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall mortality rates of wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) entering Pirikool®300CS treated experimental huts during the 12-month trial were 86.7% in cement-walled huts and 88% in mud-walled huts. Mortality of susceptible An. gambiae (Kisumu) and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. (Covè) mosquitoes in monthly wall cone bioassays on Pirikool® 300CS treated hut walls remained over 80% for 10–12 months. The laboratory bioassays corroborated the hut findings with Pirikool® 300CS on mud and wood block substrates but not on cement block substrates.

Conclusion

Indoor residual spraying with Pirikool® 300CS induced high and prolonged mortality of wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors for 10–12 months. Addition of Pirikool®300CS to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides will provide an extra choice of microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl for IRS.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Existence Scale
Authors: Alfuqaha Othman A. , Al-Hammouri Mohammed M. , Rababah Jehad A. , Alfoqha Bayan A. , Alfuqaha Ola N. , Haha Moh’d Fayeq F. , Musa Suzan S. , Matter Aseel A.
Published: April 2022

The Existence Scale (ES) is a theory-based measure assessing personal fulfillment and finding meaning in life. This study aims to translate the ES into Arabic language and test its psychometric properties in Jordan populations. A methodological design was performed on a convenience sample of 551 participants by three samples of nurses, schoolteachers, and undergraduate students. Data collection was carried out between February and May 2019. Translation and back translation, face validity (Important Score>1.5), content validity ratio (CVR>0.62) and index (CVI/Ave>0.80), construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were obtained. Furthermore, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were investigated in this study. The results showed that five items were deleted based on content validity ratio and four items were deleted based on their low factor loading. The exploratory factor analysis showed four subscales for the translated ES (37 items), explaining 61.57% of the variance collectively. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the four subscales with acceptable goodness of fit indices. The result of the total Cronbach’s alpha for the ES was 0.93, and for subscales it ranged from 0.88 to 0.93. Composite reliability and average variance extracted results for the translated ES were supportive of the reliability. These results confirm that the translated Arabic version of the ES (37 items) in Jordan populations is acceptable regarding validity and reliability.
Critical Essays on the Writings of Lillian Smith, Tanya Long Bennett (ed.) (2021)
Authors: Round Siân
Published: April 2022

Review of: Critical Essays on the Writings of Lillian Smith, Tanya Long Bennett (ed.) (2021)

Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 186 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-49683-684-7, $99.00
Stone Tools on Flakes and Polished Products of the Pestryakovo Lake Settlement (South of Western Siberia)
Authors:   Altai State University, K. Kiryushin , Yu. Kiryushin ,   Altai State University
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the publication is to introduce into scientific circulation a collection of stone tools on flakes and polished products found at the Pestryakovo Lake settlement (Zavyalovsky district of the Altai Territory). The collection of stone artifacts kept at the Altai State University numbers 2881 copies. Flake tools comprise 418 artifacts. This is the most representative category (72.19%) in the toolkit of the collection under study. This is a very high figure against the background of the documented settlement complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic of Altai. The process of transformation of the stone industry from the blade technique of making tools to the flake technique is traditionally associated with the epochal events of the transition from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic. The feature of the stone industry of the Pestryakovo Lake settlement is a representative series of inserts and geometric microliths. In the composition of the stone industries of the settlement complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic of Altai, such artifacts are represented by single specimens and do not constitute any statistically significant series. Representative series of inserts are found in the materials of the settlement of the final Neolithic — Eneolithic Ust-Narym in East Kazakhstan. Polished stone discs find a wide range of analogues in the materials of the Eneolithic settlement complexes of Northern Kulunda, Eastern and Northern Kazakhstan. The paper concludes that the bulk of stone artifacts from the Pestryakovo Lake settlement belongs to the Eneolithic. It is stated that some of the artifacts can be dated to an earlier Neolithic time. Keywords: settlement, Neolithic, Eneolithic, tools on flakes, stone discs, arrowheads
Planigraphy of Оne Quarter of Izhevsk on Krasnaya Street
Authors:   Udmurt State University, S. Perevozchikova
Published: April 2022

The article provides a primary analysis of the planography of one of the historical quarters of the settlement “Izhevsk Plant”. 272 objects and the remains of the foundations of four residential structures have been identified and investigated. The objects were correlated by date of occurrence, functional features and type. The development of the blocks began from the corners and moved to the center of the block streets. In total, there are eight residential buildings and, accordingly, estates associated with them. The main types of objects have been considered. The estates were divided into a yard, a household and garden parts. There was a yard area next to each building, empty of any objects. There were two large cellars with wooden structures inside and the material of the 19th — early 20th century, 4–8 meters from the house. The existence of a part of the pits in terms of material and filling can be explained by the presence of handicrafts among residents. In the center of the block, in the “back” part of the estates, there was a fenced vegetable garden area with wells. In the Soviet times, these houses were turned into “communal blocks of flats”, after which there was a significant redevelopment of the estates.
Features of the Raw Material Base of the Paleolithic Industries of South- Eastern Dagestan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, A. Rybalko
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of petrographic studies of collections of artifacts, Acheulean and Middle Paleolithic complexes located on the territory of the Darvagchay geoarchaeological region. Throughout the Stone Age, raw stone was a very important resource for the existence of ancient man. The lack of high-quality flint raw materials was the main factor for the conclusion that this territory was rarely visited by ancient people. Archaeological research over the past decade has shown the opposite trend. During the work, more than ten Paleolithic sites were discovered and studied. Analysis of raw material sources showed that there are several main types of rocks in the area of the sites. The petrographic composition of the collections indicates that the overwhelming majority of artifacts are made of flint, limestone and sandstone are isolated items. The flint raw materials used at the sites are distinguished by many internal defects, first of all, by fracturing. The raw material factor played a very important role here. All large, carefully designed macro-tools are made of sandstone and limestone. Mostly poorly designed small items are made of flint. Thus, the size, methods and intensity of stone tools processing demonstrates a direct dependence on the type of raw material.
Compound Bows of Altai Population in Rouran Period (Based on Materials from the Choburak-I Necropolis)
Authors:   Altai State University, N. Seregin , A. Tishkin ,   Altai State University, S. Matrenin ,   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, T. Parshikova ,   Altai State University
Published: April 2022

The article presents the publication and analysis of the compound bows of the Altai population in the Rouran period, found in the burials of the Bulan-Koby culture of the Choburak-I funeral complex. A series of objects of this site, located near the Elanda village of the Chemal district of the Altai Republic, have been explored by an archaeological expedition of the Altai State University. The authors systematized the bone (horn) bows from the burials of seven men (mounds 30, 30a, 31, 31a, 32, 34a, 38) and one adolescent (mound 29a). A comparative study of the available materials gives grounds to attribute these items to the 2nd - 5th centuries AD. A significant similarity in the design and shape of the bone (horn) parts of the published samples of hand-held throwing weapons has been noted. The obtained archaeological data demonstrate the use of long bows with symmetrical and asymmetrical base, reinforced by seven overlays, by the “Bulan-Kobins”. The study of objects recorded “in situ” testifies to the existence of the practice of placing “incomplete” (broken) bows or samples with disassembled overhead elements in the burial place among the population of Altai in the Xianbei-Rouran period. The presented materials expand the source base for a comprehensive study of long-range offensive weapons of the population of the region at the turn of the late antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
Mineral Composition of Ores Used at Ustye-I, a Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age (Chelyabinsk Region)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science South Urals Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Blinov , N. Vinogradov ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: April 2022

At the fortified settlement of the Bronze Age, Ustye-I (South Trans-Urals), metal products of copper, arsenic and tin bronzes, numerous fragments of metallurgical slags, as well as fragments of copper ores have been discovered. According to the results of early studies, pure copper predominates among metal items (53.4% of finds), but also a significant part contains an admixture of arsenic (25.4% of finds), tin (13.6% of finds) and both components simultaneously (7.6% of finds). Several alloying components of the samples are simultaneously found in slags: Pb (50% of cases), As (49% of cases), Zn (40% of cases), Bi (38% of cases), Sn (7% of cases), Ni (4% of cases), Sb (1% of cases). To identify the relationship between the incoming raw materials and the received metal, 15 ore samples were examined. The ores studied are ‘gravelly’ clasts with a size of 5 mm to several centimeters, and ‘sandy’ ores with a size of 2–3 mm. According to their mineral composition, ores are subdivided into malachite, azurite, and limonite. The main copper minerals are malachite and azurite; chrysocolla is found occasionally, chalcopyrite, cuprite are rarely found. Copper is bound to Fe- and Mn-hydroxides. We have identified copper slag fragments in ‘sandy’ ores. In all types of ores, natural alloying components are very rare and are represented by Pb and Zn. These elements can form their own minerals (mottramit, a mineral of the plumbogummite family) or act as an impurity to malachite (up to 0.62 wt% ZnO), azurite (up to 1.12 ZnO and up to 2.37 PbO), iron hydroxides (up to 2.66 ZnO and up to 2.02 PbO) or manganese hydroxides (up to 0.41 ZnO and up to 9.48 PbO). No As and Sn impurities were found. The presence of numerous fragments of brown iron ore at the settlement, the close location of copper mines indicates that the settlers were engaged in the extraction and processing of copper ore. The widespread occurrence of ores, consisting mainly of malachite and azurite, indicates that the ores were mined from the upper parts of the oxidation zone, and the metal smelted from these ores must correspond to pure copper. The distribution of Pb and Zn impurities indicates that some of the copper ores originate from the oxidation zones of pyrite ores or deposits of other formational types with a similar ore composition. The difference in the compositions of the ores found at the settlement and the compositions of slag and metal is associated with several sources of ores. The sources of copper ores could be mines located near the settlement. Arsenic-bearing ores could have come from mines in adjacent areas. Tin ores were brought in as a result of trans-regional exchange with the Central Asian region.
Reconstruction of Metalworking Techniques for Copper and Bronze of the Tagar Culture on the Basis of Experimental Traceological Analysis
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, R. Davydov
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the reconstruction of metalworking techniques of the Tagar archaeological culture on the basis of experimental traceological analysis. A series of experiments was carried out for comprehensive research of the rock art in Minusinsk Basin. 23 basic samples were produced and nine tools were casted, which were then treated by cold forging and locksmithing. As a result, the techniques that were used in manufacture of 62 labor instruments and weapons were reconstructed. The technological chains were based on casting in two-part, including clay, vertical or horizontal molds, with following forging (stone hammers) and abrasion (sandstone, sandstone with wet sand). The tools and elements of impact weapons were treated by hardening forging. The surfaces of the penetrating purpose weapons (the points of the picks) were not hardened, but only sharpened. The increasing of collection of experimental samples is scheduled.
Investigation of a Medieval Production Workshop at the Bytygai Settlement
Authors:   Branch of the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in Nur-Sultan Science Committee Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, S. Sakenov , A. KUKUSHKIN ,   Karaganda State University named after academician E.A. Buketov, S. Burbaeva ,   State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve” Bozok “of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, G. Bukesheva ,   State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve” Bozok “of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, E. Rakhmankulov ,   State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve” Bozok “of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The site is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The site, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and according to preliminary data date back to the 14th -15th centuries.
A Survey on Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Computing
Authors: Hasan Waqas
Published: April 2022

Cloud computing provides multiple services to users through the internet and these services include cloud storage, applications, servers, security and large network access. Virtual Machine allows the user to emulate multiple operating systems on a single computer; with the help of virtual machine migration users can transfer operating system instances from one computer to multiple computer machines. In this paper we will be discussing VM migration in cloud and also I will explain the whole procedure of VM migration. The two methods through which we can perform VM migration are Live VM migration and NON-live VM migration.VM migration also helps in managing the loads of the multiple machines and with VM we can save power consumption. People have written about cloud computing and virtual machines in previous studies, but in this research, we'll speak about virtual machine migration in cloud computing, as well as the techniques that are used in the VM migration process. I have used table to show the differences between VM migration techniques.
Surveillance After Treatment of Barrett's Esophagus Benefits Those With High-Grade Dysplasia or Intramucosal Cancer Most
Authors: Cotton Cary C. , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic eradication therapy with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection is a safe and effective treatment for Barrett's esophagus. Although the outcomes of surveillance endoscopy after successful endoscopic eradication therapy have been described, no previous studies have modeled the natural history or the effect of surveillance endoscopy after successful ablation to prevent progression to invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma.

METHODS:

The US RFA Registry is a multicenter registry consisting of patients treated with RFA for Barrett's esophagus at 148 institutions (113 community-based and 35 academic-affiliated). The authors fit models to impute the natural history of recurrence and neoplastic progression after any recurrence or retreatment. Natural history estimates of invasive adenocarcinoma after ablation therapy were compared with as-treated estimates at 5 years to derive the preventive risk difference for surveillance.

RESULTS:

Natural history estimates for the postablation progression of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or intramucosal adenocarcinoma to invasive adenocarcinoma after treatment were 6.3% at 5 years compared with 1.3% for low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The natural history model found a much higher preventative risk difference for surveillance for HGD/intramucosal adenocarcinoma (−4.8%), compared with LGD (−1.1%). The numbers needed to surveil at 5 years were 21 and 90 for these groups, respectively, to prevent one case of invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma, making surveillance after successful ablation of baseline HGD more than 4 times as effective at preventing invasive cancer than after successful ablation of baseline LGD.

DISCUSSION:

Endoscopic surveillance after successful ablation of baseline HGD or intramucosal cancer is much more effective than surveillance after successful treatment of baseline LGD in averting invasive adenocarcinoma. Although the modest benefits of surveillance for treated LGD may be greater than the risks for patients at average risk for adverse effects of endoscopy, clinicians should concentrate on retaining patients with baseline HGD or cancer in endoscopic surveillance programs.
Estudio de desempeño de distintos perﬁles de álabe de una turbina eólica para aprovechar vientos de baja velocidad
Authors: Gallo Jaramillo Luis Antonio , Chica Arrieta Edwin Lenin , Flórez Serrano Elkin Gregorio
Published: April 2022

Contexto: Las turbinas eólicas de eje vertical, y en particular las turbinas de arrastre tipo Savonius, aventajan a los otros tipos de turbinas en aplicaciones que comprenden vientos erráticos y de baja velocidad. Si bien su eficiencia está entre las más bajas, esto puede verse compensado con sus bajos costos, lo que las convierte en una alternativa sostenible y atractiva para este tipo de aplicaciones. En esta investigación se busca seleccionar la geometría de mayor rendimiento para el álabe de una turbina eólica tipo Savonius.
Método: Para ello, se analizan numéricamente diversas configuraciones geométricas empleadas en este tipo de turbinas, las cuales fueron consultadas en la literatura. Todos los modelos de perfil son estudiados bajo los mismos parámetros y modelos de dinámica de fluidos computacional a través del software ANSYS Fluent.
Resultados: A través de las simulaciones computacionales se estiman las condiciones de optimo rendimiento de cada una de las geometrías. Dichas condiciones permiten comparar, bajo los mismos términos, el desempeño de los perfiles e identificar los de mayor rendimiento. Se determina que el perfil semicircular convencional y el conocido como Bach modificado presentan coeficientes de potencia de 0,287 y 0,395 respectivamente, lo que representa un aumento en su rendimiento del 37,8 %.
Conclusiones: Este resultado superior motiva a un análisis detallado del perfil Bach modificado que permita encontrar las proporciones geométricas óptimas para su desempeño aerodinámico.
Narrativas Docentes en torno a la Identidad Campesina. Pedagogías críticas en el Sector de Mochuelo Localidad de Ciudad Bolívar: Estudio de caso
Authors: Aya Velandia Luis Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Los temas de la identidad campesina, la narrativa como investigación, la resistencia ciudadana, los procesos de pedagogías críticas, han venido teniendo cada día mayor importancia en Colombia por cuanto el país atraviesa un periodo de resignificación de sí mismo, por ello, hacer lecturas de estos temas en diferente territorios específicos brinda nuevas luces de las realidades, indignaciones y posibilidades de transformación que existen, de esta manera el presente artículo realiza un análisis de las contribuciones a la identidad campesina en los pobladores del sector de Mochuelo en la localidad de Ciudad bolívar de Bogotá, por parte de un grupo de docentes que han venido realizando prácticas pedagógicas críticas, para ello se empleó la investigación narrativa, generando un bucle discursivo entre las narraciones de los docentes, vídeos realizados por la comunidad, perspectivas freirianas y la voz del maestro Jorge Velosa como una de las voces de la resistencia campesina en Colombia.
Tensiones del acuerdo de paz: entre la estatalidad y la cotidianidad del hogar
Authors: Uribe Sarmiento John Jairo , Rodríguez Cortes Astrid Bibiana
Published: April 2022

La noción asociada del acuerdo de paz que tienen un grupo de madres de Bogotá y la forma en que se transmite culturalmente a sus hijos, es el centro de esta investigación. El objetivo del presente texto es mostrar las tensiones que se producen entre la esfera de lo estatal y la vida cotidiana, al tiempo que exponer cómo ello contribuye a comprender la importancia o no del acuerdo de paz firmado entre el Estado colombiano y Fuerzas Arma­das Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC-EP) en la cotidianidad de sus hogares.
¿La paz se nos escurrió entre los dedos? Entre la pospandemia y el posacuerdo en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Mesa Jefferson Arley
Published: April 2022

Esta edición de Ciudad Paz-ando se desarrolla y publica en un escenario político y social muy particular por el cual está pasando Colombia: un país que progresivamente vuelve a la normalidad tras dos periodos atípicos. El primero es la pandemia y todo lo que esto ha significado para para la humanidad, y el segundo, un camino que necesariamente hay que retomar, el de la paz nacional. Habrá que ser un país obstinado y no aceptar la idea de que la paz se nos escapó y si es necesario construir nuevamente la oportunidad para avanzar al anhelado sueño; por nuestro lado, haciendo caso omiso a los determinismos de una historia fatalista, hoy como lo fue hace cuatro, seis o diez años y lo será en el futuro cercano del país, pensar e investigar sobre la paz en Colombia es una de las tareas más urgentes de la academia nacional.
Water Quality Modeling of the River Ganga in the Northern Region of India Using the Artificial Neural Network Technique
Authors:   Central Pollution Control Board, Bhardwaj Richa , Singh Raj Kishore ,   Central Pollution Control Board
Published: April 2022

Water quality modeling with dynamic parameters, especially of rivers, is important in terms of proactive pollution management strategies. Techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become popular for such applications. In the present study, an ANN is used to construct a multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural network model to simulate and predict dissolved oxygen in the River Ganga in selected regions of Uttar Pradesh, and to demonstrate its application in identifying complex nonlinear relationships between input and output variables. The results of the model analysis demonstrate that the multi-layer perceptron model provides greater correlation coefficients (R = 0.993) and a lower mean square error (RMSE = 0.1984) than the radial basis function model (R = 0.789; RMSE = 1.0011). The results of the analysis suggest the suitability of the proposed MLP-ANN model to predict water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen using limiting data sets for the River Ganga, in particular, and other rivers in general.
An inverse approach to hyperspheres of prescribed mean curvature in Euclidean space
Authors: Caldiroli Paolo
Published: April 2022

We construct families of smooth functions H : ℝ
n+1 → ℝ such that the Euclidean (n + 1)-space is completely filled by not necessarily round hyperspheres of mean curvature H at every point.
Peculiarities of radio emission from new pulsars at 111 MHz
Authors: Teplykh Daria , Malofeev Valery , Malov Oleg , Tyul’bashev Sergey
Published: April 2022

The analysis of radio emission of three new pulsars discovered at the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory is presented. The detailed observations were carried out at a frequency of 111 MHz using the large phase array and the standard digital receiver with a total bandwidth of 2.245 MHz and a time resolution of 2.46 or 5.12 ms. All pulsars exhibit features of their radiation, the subpulse drift is observed in J0220+3622, the flare activity is exhibited in J0303+2248, and the nulling phenomenon has been detected in J0810+3725.
Dynamic behavior of CO2 adsorption from CH4 mixture in a packed bed of SAPO-34 by CFD-based modeling
Authors: Hoghooghi Bonyad Ahmad , Fatemi Shohreh , Mansourpour Zahra
Published: April 2022

In this work, a dynamic non-isothermal adsorption process of CH4 and CO2 in a fixed bed of SAPO-34 particles was modeled by coupled DEM-CFD. This Euler–Lagrange method gives access to specification of each adsorbent pellet including location, temperature and concentrations, and facilitates study of phenomena like adsorption. Transport phenomena including heat and mass transfer in fluid and between solid and gas were taken into account. Eventually the model was validated by experimental results of breakthrough curve. Especially near wall channeling effect and the role of inlet feed velocity on the bed efficiency were addressed in this work. Local and bulk porosity values calculated using DEM model showed an acceptable agreement with previous empirical equations. Results indicated that this coupled method can be applied as a promising tool to study the mass transfer zone and efficiency of the adsorption process. The results revealed that as the feed continues to flow into the column, the lower layers of the adsorbent particles become practically saturated and then the mass transfer zone starts moving upward to a region of fresher adsorbent in the column. Also, the results showed that, at a low inlet velocity with a low Peclet number (Pe = 0.195), channeling effect is reduced and the diffusion mechanism controls the mass transfer. However, HETP enhances with increase in the feed gas velocity (Pe = 2.25) as well as increase in deviation from plug flow regime, and consequently the adsorption efficiency decreases. HETP decreases drastically at the beginning with increase in interstitial velocity. Increase in the interstitial velocity beyond a particular value of 0.5 cm s−1 leads to increase in the HETP value. This trend and presence of a minimum in this graph were explained based on Van Deemter concept.
Control logic algorithm to create gaps for mixed traffic: A comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Alanazi Fayez , Yi Ping
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, the increase in the number of vehicles has affected traffic performance, causing traffic congestion. However, intersections, where different flows intersect, are among the primary causes of traffic congestion besides bottlenecks. Bottlenecking in the minor stream is mainly due to the extended queueing, specifically due to minimal gaps in the mainline stream as the intersection’s high priority exists with the major stream. This research aims to control connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to help generate additional usable gaps for the minor road vehicles to enter the intersection without interrupting the mainline traffic flow. A probability function is developed to estimate the probability of CAVs creating additional usable gaps. The proposed logic is simulated in unsignalized and semi-actuated signalized intersections, and a field investigation is conducted. Simulation results show that the minor road delays and queue length are minimized without causing a significant delay to the mainline. Results show that major road interruptions are reduced at a semi-actuated signal control scenario when CAVs’ penetration increases. It can be observed that deploying CAVs in the road network with the proposed method can positively impact traffic efficiency, where the intersection’s performance and safety are improved.
Efficient 6.5 dBm 55 GHz CMOS VCO with simultaneous phase noise and tuning range optimization
Authors: Tibenszky Zoltán , Morath Helmuth , Carta Corrado , Ellinger Frank
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the design and characterization of an efficient high-output-power 55 GHz fundamental oscillator. The performance parameters of the oscillator are analysed as a function of the contributors of the tank capacitance, and the design choices in the varactor for phase noise and for tuning range are exemplified. The circuit was implemented in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS technology and occupies 0.046 mm2area including the matching network. On-wafer measurement results have demonstrated 6.5 dBm peak output power, 22% peak DC-to-RF efficiency and −98.3 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset frequency, while the core draws 8.3 mW power. To the best knowledge of the authors, the efficiency is the best, while the output power is the second best among CMOS oscillators in the same frequency range, and the phase noise is the best result for V-band fundamental CMOS oscillators reported to date.
Parameter optimization of PV integrated Shunt Active power filter with Taguchi SNR
Authors: Sao Jitendra Kumar , Panda Gayadhar , Ray Pravat Kumar , Patidar Ram Dayal , Swain Sushree Diptimayee
Published: April 2022

In this article, a better optimization method known as the Taguchi method is implemented for optimizing the designing parameters of PV integrated Shunt Active power filter (SAPF). The effect of these parameters on the performance of SAPF is also studied with the help of this method. This paper also signifies the benefits of using the Taguchi method for optimization over the existing particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. SAPF is a very popular device for power quality improvement through harmonics compensation. In non-conventional energy sources, solar is most widely used dues to its cost-effectiveness over other sources. Hence, PV integrated SAPF is considered for study for this article. Incremental conductance (IncCond) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is used to extract the maximum power from PV panel. Performance of this PV Integrated SAPF depends on many factors like reference current generation techniques, switching pulse generation technique and selection of SAPF designing parameters, etc. To get the optimum performance from SAPF, designing parameters like gains of PI-controller, coupling impedance, and dc-link capacitor need to be optimized. PV integrated SAPF is modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. SAPF parameters are optimized by using both the proposed Taguchi method and the existing PSO algorithm and their results are analyzed. Simulation results are also verified using a laboratory-developed experimental setup.
Simplification in 43 varieties of urban Norwegian
Authors: Bugge Edit , Neteland Randi
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the linguistic outcomes of contact situations in 43 Norwegian urban towns, comparing the urban varieties’ noun systems to those of the rural dialects surrounding each town. Two questions are explored: i) Is the morphology of the urban Norwegian varieties always more simplified, in terms of paradigmatic complexity and repertoire of inflectional suffixes, when compared to neighbouring rural varieties? ii) Can the noun morphology of urban Norwegian varieties best be explained as resulting from levelling and standardisation processes or as grammatical simplification between dialects in contact? We find that the urban varieties’ noun systems form a close, yet consistently simplified, match to their neighbouring rural varieties. The urban varieties can, however, not easily be placed on a scale between traditional rural dialects and standard language, indicating that the noun systems in the urban varieties of Norway are best understood as resulting from simplification rather than standardization.
Gender variation in the requestive behaviour of Early Modern Scottish and English letter-writers? A study of private correspondence
Authors: Elsweiler Christine
Published: April 2022

This study applies the methods of variational pragmatics, a discipline situated at the intersection of pragmatics and variationist sociolinguistics, to historical data to explore the effect of the macro-social factors gender and region on request choices in Scottish and English private letters written between 1570 and 1700. It specifically examines gender variation regarding the choice of request strategies and of internal downgrading modification, e.g. the use of modal auxiliaries or hedges. Overall, the analysis only finds limited evidence for gender differences in the private correspondence data. The requestive behaviour of Scottish and English female and male letter-writers displays similar directness levels and both genders also employ mitigating modifiers to a similar degree. It is shown that the requestive style of women and men is determined by the situational circumstances of a letter rather than by gender. Moreover, when zooming in on the level of direct realisation strategies, the analysis provides evidence that the macro-social factor region has a greater impact on the choice of realisation strategies than gender.
Enhancing Access to Justice Through Donor-Led Legal Aid Initiatives: International Normative Framework, Practical Approaches, and Some Findings from the Field
Authors: Socher Johannes
Published: April 2022

As an objective in international legal cooperation, interventions with the aim to enhance access to justice are a relatively new phenomenon that has famously been described as the ‘legal empowerment alternative’ which goes ‘beyond the rule of law orthodoxy’. Generally speaking, while traditional approaches primarily aim at promoting the rule of law ‘top–down’ by strengthening state structures and capacities, access to justice projects take a ‘bottom–up’ approach focusing on the empowerment of ‘users’ of justice systems. The overarching theory of change behind this approach is that empowered citizens are better able to participate in decision-making processes at the grassroots level, helping build greater trust and confidence in the justice system and public institutions, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Focusing on the provision of legal aid services, this article outlines the international normative framework, depicts the various practical approaches, and reflects some findings resulting from a recent evaluation commissioned by the German Federal Foreign Office on its engagement in enhancing access to justice, drawing from examples in Palestine, Ukraine, and Pakistan.
Noun phrase complexity and contiguity in a Papuan language
Authors: Olsson Bruno
Published: April 2022

This article considers NP complexity and discontinuity in the Papuan language Coastal Marind. First, I give an overview of NP structure in the language, which is characterized by extremely limited possibility of elaboration and modification. I connect this to the observation that Papuan languages are characterized by exceptionally simple NP structures. The lack of research makes it difficult to evaluate the significance of such observations, but I suggest that Coastal Marind is an example of a Papuan language that imposes very strict upper boundaries on NP complexity. Second, while an argument could be made that Coastal Marind NPs allow considerable discontinuity, more thorough consideration of the facts reveals a fundamental, tight-knit, left-branching NP structure, which contrasts with relatively rarely employed looser nominal configurations, including discontinuous nominal expressions. The discontinuous construals are restricted primarily by information structure. Although considered grammatical by speakers, they are extremely rare in corpus data. I propose that aboutness is an important factor constraining the choice of nominal construal types in Coastal Marind discourse.