bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FESTA DE ZÉ POVINHO: a carnavalização da Festa do Senhor do Bonfim de Salvador
Authors: Nunes Neto Francisco Antônio
Published: June 2015

O texto analisa o surgimento da Segunda-Feira do Bonfim na Ribeira como o primeiro grande desdobramento da Festa do Senhor do Bonfim de Salvador. Para tanto, utiliza como fontes documentais os Jornais Diário de Notícias, Diário da Bahia e A Tarde, através dos quais identifica-se o contexto histórico em que esta tradição festiva passou acontecer em Salvador, primeiramente, como uma continuidade da Festa do Senhor do Bonfim, tendo, posteriormente, atingido o status de uma importante festa de largo e popular que, durante muitos anos, funcionou como prévia do Carnaval de Salvador. Entra em análise a Festa de Zé Povinho – alcunha adotada nos textos jornalísticos para identificar as classes populares – que ocorreu em Salvador mais fortemente até os anos 80 do século XX, quando, esta prática cultural passou a conhecer o seu declínio e importância no calendário festivo do verão da cidade.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS EM REDE: O PAPEL DOS ATORES POLÍTICOS E SOCIAIS NA EFETIVAÇÃO DA CIDADANIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Gomes Aline Antunes , Lima Luciano de Almeida
Published: June 2015

O advento das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação propiciou uma abertura do espaço público tradicional, incitando a participação cidadã e as lutas sociais em prol da efetivação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais. Assim, nesse contexto, a pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o papel dos novos atores políticos e sociais que emergiram a partir das redes e representam uma resistência aos poderes institucionais tradicionais. Para isso, será utilizado como método de abordagem o hipotético-dedutivo e como métodos de procedimentos o bibliográfico e o histórico.
O MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO E ASSEMBLEIA NACIONAL CONSTITUINTE: as origens de um texto inovador
Authors: Comploier Mylene
Published: June 2015

Considerando que recentemente houve o advento de comemoração dos 25 anos da promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, por alguns denominada de 'Constituição-cidadã', e que, neste período, o Ministério Público brasileiro desenvolveu uma feição única no espectro mundial, em muito resultado do quanto preconizado no texto constitucional, útil neste momento trazer à colação informações já disponíveis, notadamente entrevistas, de modo obter-se uma ideia geral de como foi a preparação, atuação e conquistas do Ministério Público na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) e, ao final, o desenho constitucional obtido, de modo a se questionar como foi possível a aprovação de um texto tão avançado, que superou até mesmo as expectativas da própria classe.
USO DAS TIC’S NA FORMAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR DOS MUSEÓLOGOS
Authors: Mello Janaina Cardoso de , Souza Jean Costa
Published: June 2015

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo de caso na elaboração de uma tecnologia educacional universitária. O site “Teoria e Metodologias da História da UFS” insere-se na perspectiva da elaboração de suportes tecnológicos direcionados às Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas para o fomento da aprendizagem do futuro profissional em Museologia. A metodologia utilizou a tecnologia disponível no googlesites para a alocação de textos, filmes e vídeos de apoio, sugestões para a disciplina, lista bibliográfica complementar, atividades extra-sala, papers dos textos debatidos em aula, organização de seminários e eventos da disciplina de Teoria e Metodologias da História. A vinculação do site à disciplina ministrada tornou o aprendizado mais prazeroso, desafiador e abrangente, resultando num índice de acessos por mais 80% dos alunos, com a aprovação de mais de 80% nas avaliações daqueles que fazem uso do site. O desenvolvimento de recursos tecnológicos na área educacional e na área de museus (museus digitais, cibermuseus, sites de museus, dentre outros) aliado ao manuseio da internet como instrumento de mediação das fronteiras do saber traz mais amplitude e eficácia à aprendizagem.
INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL: um mapeamento do atendimento educacional especializado nos estados do Amazonas, Rondônia e Pará
Authors: Tacon Dambros Aline Roberta , Ribeiro Mori Nerli Nonato
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo traçar o perfil dos educadores e do atendimento de alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE) nos estados do Amazonas, Rondônia e Pará. Utilizamos no trabalho de campo a possibilidade social e dialógica de observar a realidade. Desta forma, para a viabilização da pesquisa aplicamos um questionário estruturado respondido por 118 professores da rede municipal e estadual de ensino. O estudo de campo nos permitiu aferir quanto a distribuição da classe docente por sexo, faixa etária, graduação inicial, pós-graduação já concluída, dependência administrativa, local de atuação profissional e escolas que possuem o serviço do Atendimento Educacional Especializado. Se considerarmos a história e os movimentos de luta pela igualdade de educação para todos, afirmamos que um grande passo já foi consolidado, a garantia de que todos os alunos com NEE tenham acesso a um ambiente escolar. Portanto, acreditamos que o novo desafio a ser alcançada pela educação inclusiva é garantir a permanência do aluno com deficiência em estrutura escolar pública.
Entre a teoria e a prática: a Provinha Brasil e o tratamento da variação linguística na alfabetização
Authors: Freitag Raquel Meister Ko
Published: June 2015

Analisamos a articulação entre a teoria e a prática no que se refere ao tratamento da variação linguística na alfabetização, por meio da análise documental dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa e da análise das questões que compõe a Provinha Brasil, instrumento de diagnóstico de avaliação da competência em leitura de alfabetizandos. Discutimos os pressupostos sociolinguísticos que orientam os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa, e que se manifestam nos conceitos de diversidade e de variedade, bem como na noção de competência comunicativa, presentes ao longo destes documentos e analisamos as questões do eixo de domínio do sistema alfabético da Provinha Brasil de 2010, a fim de identificamos os componentes sociolinguísticos. Constatamos que as contribuições de ordem teórico-práticas advindas da Sociolinguística que repercutem na formação dos professores de língua materna nas séries iniciais estão em dissonância com as diretrizes e com a prática, na medida que o tratamento da variação linguística está ausente na Provinha Brasil.
AS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS E O PAPEL DO GESTOR NO CURSO DE BACHARELADO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Gonçalves Sandra de Lourdes
Published: June 2015

O artigo foi realizado no Estado de Alagoas, com a escolha de Maceió como localização para a realização de um estudo de caso, por ter a maior concentração de cursos de Administração do Estado. Desta forma, foi escolhida uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada do Estado, cujo nome não foi autorizado a divulgação. A análise das pesquisas e do referencial teórico leva ao entendimento que a expansão do ensino superior reforça a diretriz de certificar a mão de obra especializada para exercer tarefas complexas no mercado de trabalho. Esse tipo de certificação de mão de obra tende a formar cidadãos aptos a realizar tarefas complexas no mercado e de ocupar cargos de gerência na produção, mas que dificilmente formará um cidadão capaz de controlar quem o dirige.
Ultra High Performance Concrete Reinforced with Short Steel and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Šahmenko Genadijs , Krasnikovs Andrejs , Lukašenoks Artūrs , Eiduks Māris
Published: June 2015

Fibers are usually used in High Performance Concrete with a purpose to increase bending strength and ductility. Important properties are the peak value of bearing stress (strength) and post-cracking behavior of bended element. In the framework of an experimental part, Ultra High Performance mix compositions were prepared using intensive mixer. Short steel fibers and carbon micro fibers in amount of 1% by volume, as well as its combination were used for cement matrix reinforcing. Results of compressive and bending tests proved an increase of strength value in the case of use both steel and carbon fibers. Carbon fibers were decreased the effect of explosive collapse of the UHPC cement matrix, at the same time still brittle bending behavior was take place. Steel fibers considerably improved bending ductility thanks to a pull-out mechanism of steel fibers. The best results were achieved in the case of combined application of both carbon and steel fibers.
Optical Properties of Nanostructured Silver Embedded by Electro-Thermo-Diffusion in Opal Photonic Crystal
Authors: Veisman V.L. , Romanov S.G. , Solovyev V.G. , Yanikov M.V.
Published: June 2015

Novel nanocomposite materials Ag / opal have been prepared by electro-thermo-diffusion of silver in opal template. Optical properties of these photonic crystals have been studied by angle-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. Interpretation of the observed optical spectra has been made on the basis of the Bragg diffraction and the Fano resonancebetween diffracted in Ag / opal composite photonic crystal electromagnetic waves and those resonantly scattered by silver dendrites.
Effect of spray dryer settings on the morphology of illite clay granules
Authors: Stunda-Zujeva A. , Stepanova V. , Bērziņa-Cimdiņa L.
Published: June 2015

Spray drying is an effective and common method for powder drying, e.g. clay. The morphology and properties of spray dried granules depend on properties of slurry and operational conditions of spray dryer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spray dryer settings on the morphology of illite clay granules.

Laboratory scale spray dryer was used. Operational conditions: inlet temperature 190-220˚C, outlet temperature 70-96˚C, spray dispersion is obtained using two-fluid nozzle where the slurry feed was varied from 4.5 to 15 ml/min and gas pressure 15-40 mm. Slurry was prepared from clay fraction under 2 µm without additives. Latvian illite clay from Iecava, Pavāri and Laža deposits was studied. Slurries with concentration 1, 8 and 15 mass% was used.The size and morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, surface area and porosity by liquid nitrogen sorption.

All obtained granules irrespective of spray dryer settings were well-rounded and dense without large pores or holes, however the surface was rough. The mean diameter of granules was in range of 2.6-5.4 µm, depending on slurry feed rate. The surface area of produced granules mostly depended on clay composition and was in a range of 70-92 m2/g. Inlet temperature in a range of 190-220 °C was found to be appropriate to produce well dried clay granules (moisture content <10 wt%).   
The Influence of the Technological Process on the Surface Quality and Tribological Properties of Powder Details
Authors: Leitans Armands , Boiko Irina , Lungevics Janis , Mironovs Viktors
Published: June 2015

Nowadays the materials made by methods of powder metallurgy are widely used for producing details of the heavy-duty friction pair. Due to high reliability and effective combination of mechanical and tribological properties such materials are usually used in transport industry, for example for gear assemblies of different kinds of automobiles, brake system of high speed trains, aircrafts etc. There are many variations of powder materials, but for friction pairs the iron based antifriction materials, for example Fe-C-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Sn, Fe-Cu-Sn-Pb-MoS2, Fe-C-Cu-Ni-Mo and others are successfully used. In recent years, the requirements for antifriction materials are raised highly because of more intensive freight traffic and speed of vehicles. On the other hand, the demand of more inexpensive materials and effective using of natural resources is the issue of the day.

The aim of this paper is to offer the new low-cost metal powder material based on Fe-C compound with content of Ni and Mo up to 0.3%. The influence of the parameters of technological process (pressing and sintering) on physical properties (porosity, density), mechanical properties (hardness) as well as on 2D roughness and 3D texture parameters was studied and is presented in this paper as well. The “Taylor Hobson Ltd” 3D measurement system has been used in metrological study. The analysis of the influence of the technological process on the surface roughness parameters is given. The tribological properties (friction coefficient) were evaluated using “ball-on-disk” testing without lubrication. The analysis of achieved results is prove the appropriateness of using of new low-alloy metal powder material on the iron base for producing details of friction pair. One of the possible applications - bushes for braking systems of railway rolling stock. Using offered material allows reducing the product cost in complex with acceptable wear resistance and durability.
Application of Latvian illite clays in cosmetic products with sun protection ability
Authors: Dušenkova Inga , Kusiņa Iveta , Mālers Juris , Bērziņa-Cimdiņa Līga
Published: June 2015

Recent research shows that clay minerals can be used in sunscreens as UV filters instead of inorganic and organic compounds, which can cause unexpected photo-catalytic effect and damage the skin surface and can be absorbed into the skin and cause allergic reactions. In this study UV transmittance of suspensions containing clay fraction (mostly illite) and 50% glycerol/water solution was measured. Samples without chemical treatment, with removed carbonates and iron containing minerals (oxides and hydroxides) were analyzed.

Results showed that the chemical treatment decreased UV protection ability. The highest increase of UV transmittance was observed for samples after removal of iron containing minerals. UV transmittance decreased by 10-14% when the concentration of clay fraction in the suspension was increased from 20 to 30 mass%.  Samples with the highest concentration of iron oxide showed also the highest UV protection ability.
The comparative analysis of energetic characteristics of variable-frequency electric drives with direct torque control
Authors: Fedotov Ilya , Tikhonov Vyacheslav , Veselkov Evgeniy , Seletskaya Nina
Published: June 2015

The simulation models of variable-frequency electric drives with direct torque control were built in MATLAB / Simulink simulation environment. These models are shown and described in the article. А number of energetic characteristics of the electric drives being investigated are considered. The calculations of these characteristics were made on the computer models and the comparative analysis of the values obtained is given.
Discrete automatic schemes for ASC TP
Authors: Konevtsov Vladimir , Poletaev Igor , Verteshev Sergey
Published: June 2015

The article given shows functional possibilities of creating discrete automatic schemes in CAD of digital automatic control system (CAD of digital ACS), in complex of Software Design of System of the Digital Control (Complex SDSDC) for automated system of  control of technological processes (ASC TP). Possibilities of complex SDSDC for implementing combination and sequential control compared with requirements of international standard IEC 61131-3:2003 (Part 3: Programming languages) are estimated.
Factors influencing the color laser marking
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Deneva Hristina , Narica Pavels
Published: June 2015

In recent years, conventional techniques of marking on some parts of different work pieces, as well as on packages with color printing are increasingly being displaced by laser color marking. Colored marking of stainless steel could be realized by the process annealing. The advantages offered by the new technology are in greater accuracy, speed, flexibility and high amount of recorded information per unit area (bar and matrix codes).

In the report are discussed and analyzed the factors influencing on the specific to the process of laser color marking at the products of CrNi steel.  The study was conducted using a commercially available industrial pulsed fiber laser. Presents the results of the measurements and analysis of the influence of laser process parameters on the color contrasting obtained. In this case, the relevant parameter, the field of high frequencies and low pulse energy were examined. The present thesis describes studies a properties of the laser radiation, such as, pulse width, average power, the intensity and beam diameter.
Laser Effect on Spherical Nanoparticles with Thin Surface Layer
Authors: Vanin A.I. , Solovyev V.G.
Published: June 2015

It is shown that metal nanoparticles with thin atomic surface layer can be used as laser active medium. Significant narrowing of the emission band in the spectrum of the particle with a surface layer was found.
Explanation of the express method of the determination of steel grade by spark
Authors: Nikiforov Igor , Maltsev Pavel , Ivanov Vladimir , Barsuk Inna
Published: June 2015

On the basis of physico-chemical theory of burning metal particles, the explanation known method of determining the grade of steel for the spark when it is grinding is performed. The features of formation of globules are reviewed and given them a brief description. The conditions for the formation of a spark in the processing of steels and alloys of various grades are researched.
Numerical simulation of the reconstruction bank-protection type grillage on canals and rivers of St. Petersburg
Authors: Korovkin Vladimir
Published: June 2015

Abstract - Reconstruction of urban waterfronts in St. Petersburg, built in the beginning of the last century, is relevant. In the technical literature and departmental document each type of mooring hydraulic structure has its own method of calculation. Shown  the practical implementation of engineering universal method of calculating berthing quays. The proposed generalized model piles in the soil, which under the action of horizontal load rotates as a rigid body and at the same time bends as a flexible rod. Kind of movement depends on the flexural rigidity of the piles and stiffness of the soil. The position of the elastic line of the pile depends on the nature of the upper sealing.  The stiffness of soil from the entire cycle, the load on the piles is determined from the сurve the load‒ displacement
Overview of tuned liquid dampers and possible ways of oscillation damping properties improvement
Authors: Veļičko Jans , Gaile Līga
Published: June 2015

Nowadays liquid tuned dampers are used in high-rise buildings and many others “dynamically sensitive” engineering structures. Liquid damper properties can be widely changed using different shapes of water containers, additional barriers inside, different types of liquid etc. Different types of liquid dampers exist or are proposed by researchers. Main types of liquid dampers are observed and compared in the paper.

One of the main disadvantages of the majority of liquid dampers is that only one main oscillation frequency is damped, that is not enough for the structures, where different vibrations modes are essential simultaneously. Existing solutions of this problem are examined in the paper.
Comparison of a load bearing capacity for composite sandwich plywood plates
Authors: Frolovs Ģirts , Rocēns Kārlis , Šliseris Jānis
Published: June 2015

This article shows numerical investigations of composite sandwich plywood plates with birch plywood faces and a core of straight and curved plywood honeycomb-type ribs in comparison to standard plywood plates and other core type plates.

This shape of core ribs provides several improvements for these plates in manufacturing process as well as mechanical properties.

The influence of core element shapes on stiffness in longitudinal direction of a plate is insignificant although it is possible to vary with stiffness in transverse direction of these plates by changing form of plate’s ribs. The results are describable as specific strength or stiffness (stiffness to mass or strength to mass ratio etc.) in both directions.

The various results depending on chosen variables (according to strength-stiffness criteria) plywood composite macrostructure is obtained for one span plate with uniformly distributed loading. The results show that it is possible to reduce material consumption causing reduction in stiffness but in general increasing stiffness to weight ratio for about 30% or even more if it is possible to increase height of a plate more than maximum standard plywood plate.

All thicknesses of elements are chosen according to plywood supplier assortment.

A various thicknesses of plywood sheets (0/90/0+90/0·n) are taken for straight ribs as well as various plates coverings for waved part of ribs the 3 layer plywood was taken (90/0/90) or (0/90/0) due to simplification of manufacturing process.

For all parts of plate were Birch plywood plates used, as well as reference plywood were Standard Birch plywood plates chosen.
Satellite Technologies in Monitoring of Ecosystems
Authors: Belyaev Nikolay , Krupin Vasily , Mikhalenko Evgeny , Smirnov Aleksandr , Vilkevich Valentin , Zagriadskaya Natalia
Published: June 2015

The article provides a description of modern geodetic devices, which are used to solve several problems connected with environmental and hydraulic engineering. In particular, a non-conventional method of area measurement for ecosystems monitoring, which involves the usage of satellite navigation devices, is considered.

Nowadays electronic tachymeters, digital levelling instruments, laser scanning systems and satellite systems are widely used for implementation of geodetic engineering works. In full extent it could be also applied to different environmental and hydraulic engineering problems solution.

The satellite navigators, especially with GPS+GLONASS system support, are the promising alternative to handle different planimetric tasks, particularly, water surface and drainage area measurement.

The paper presents an analysis of the results of research carried out in 2012-2014 years and comparison of them with the new field data. Moreover the obtained results are compared with the theoretical values of quadrates’ areas and the dependence of the relative accuracy versus land plot area is built.

Based on a practical research, the accuracy of the method is being estimated. The analysis of different measuring conditions and factors, regarding their effect on accuracy, is made.

The suitable areas, where the method could be used, are mentioned. Particularly, the possibility of water surface and drainage area measuring is examined with the usage of previous theoretical base. 

The paper presents an analysis of the results of research carried out in 2012-2014 years and comparison of them with the new field data. Moreover the obtained results are compared with the theoretical values of quadrates’ areas and the dependence of the relative accuracy versus land plot area is built.

Based on a practical research, the accuracy of the method is being estimated. The analysis of different measuring conditions and factors, regarding their effect on accuracy, is made.

The suitable areas, where the method could be used, are mentioned. Particularly, the possibility of water surface and drainage area measuring is examined with the usage of previous theoretical base. 
Aeroexpress public transport system introduction in Almaty and its impact on greenhouse gases emissions decrease in Almaty city transport sector
Authors: Rakova Vera , Rakova Xeniya , Musorina Tatyana
Published: June 2015

In Almaty, there are currently more than 500,000 vehicles registered and there is an average of another 200,000 vehicles that enter the city from outlying Almaty Oblasts during working hours. The road network of Almaty has not grown since 1990 when the municipality estimated the number of cars in Almaty to be 100,000.

Almaty public transport system degrade and became ineffective with significant loss of safety and comfort level by the reason of privatization and occurring of “shadow” taxi at the service market. [1]
Almaty airport is not connected with railway stations Almaty 1, Almaty 2 and city center by a straight and comfortable public transport route. Thus, the prevailing number of airport visitors prefer travelling on personal transport or taxi. Which is, in turn, brings a negative environmental loads. In current circumstances, the Moscow Aeroexpress transport analogue may become a good solution for Almaty.
Analysis of heavy metal content in the dry matter of different energy crops
Authors: Cubars Edgars , Poisa Liena , Noviks Gotfrids , Platace Rasma , Bumane Skaidrite
Published: June 2015

The study shows results of research on heavy metals concentration in biomass of common reed, hemp and Reed canary grass. The research of common reed was performed during winter period from 2010 until 2012 in 11 natural and artificial water bodies of Latvia. For the harvested biomass in the spring of 2009 and 2010, hemp and reed canary grass samples were investigated.

For the collected common reed samples the heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe) was established in the biomass. For the hemp and reed canary grass samples, Cd and Pb content were established in the biomass. On the basis of the findings of this research, the suitability of the plant biomass for energy production was analyzed.

The heavy metal content in the common reed biomass is suitable for the requirements of solid biofuel. Common reed from all the reed beds of the Latgale (region of Latvia) can be collected in one place and used for the production of fuel. The removal of common reed will help to reduce the heavy metal content in the natural waters and sediment of the reed beds.

In the hemp and reed canary grass samples the heavy metals were ascertained periodically. It was found that in some of the research samples they exceeded the MAC for fuel.
Sensitivity of the coupled model of the White Sea dynamics and biochemistry
Authors: Chernov Ilya , Tolstikov Alexey
Published: June 2015

The JASMINE model based on the prof. N.G. Iakovlev's model of the Arctic Ocean (FEMAO) is the software complex for simulating hydrodynamics and thermal dynamics of a sea; we use the White Sea as an example and also have tried to model other seas. JASMINE allows coupling with special purpose blocks, such as data assimilation or simulation of the sea ecosystem. For that we chose the mature BFM model of pelagic sea biochemistry. An important question is sensitivity of the model with respect to the outer forcing, such as synoptic data (air temperature and pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, wind), boundary values on liquid boundaries, river run-off, initial distributions of the tracers. The White Sea is a convenient model region for such investigation because of dominating tides; thus boundary values become important, while initial distribution is expected not to influence on the results in the long run, at least. The biochemical system also depends on the boundary conditions strongly, and also reacts on the forcing variations. We describe the response of the sea subsystems to different variations of forcing, show what values are crucial and what is not important.
Determining the Isotopic Composition of Nitrate in the River Daugava and Loads of Nitrogen to the Gulf of Riga
Authors: Skute Arturs , Osipovs Sergejs , Vardanjans Davids
Published: June 2015

The Daugava or Zapadnaya (Western) Dvina River belongs to the Baltic Sea basin. The length of the river is 1,005 km with a drainage area of 87,900 km2. It crosses three countries: Russia (323 km and 18,500 km2), Belarus (328 km and 33,100 km2) and Latvia (352 km and 24,700 km2). Water samples were collected at three points with the following coordinates: Kraslava, Daugavpils, and Riga and distance from the river mouth 320, 255, and 20 km respectively. Discharge measurements by use of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) from a moving boat were also performed in the locations indicated above. Nitrates were extracted from water samples using the ‘ion-exchange resin method’, which involves extracting NO3- from freshwater and converting it into solid silver nitrate, which is then analysed for 15N/14N and 18O/16O ratios by IRMS. Prior to passing water through an anion-exchange resin precipitation of O-bearing contaminants (mainly sulphate and phosphate) with barium chloride was carried out. The δ15NNO3 values of riverine samples varied from 7.1 to 8.6 ‰ in Kraslava, from 7.2 to 8.3 ‰ in Daugavpils, and from 8.1 to 9.0 ‰ in Riga and displayed significant differences between the three sampling points.
DIFFERENCE IN THE TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF WOODWORKING WASTEWATER BETWEEN POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE-BASED COAGULANTS
Authors: Brovkina Julija , Shulga Galija , Neiberte Brigita , Ozolins Jurijs , Verovkins Anrijs
Published: June 2015

in the work, a comparative study of the efficiency of coagulation of a model solution, simulating woodworking wastewater, with the known composition of polyaluminium chloride (РАС) with aluminium sulphate and a new РАС-based composite coagulant was carried out. It has been found that, in comparison with the known composition, the developed composite coagulant makes it possible to enhance the efficiency of the wastewater treatment and to decrease the content of residual aluminium therein, which enables the return of the treated water in the technological cycle. The enhancement of the coagulation ability of the developed composite coagulant relative to the known composition of РАС with aluminium sulphate is governed by the formation, in the AlCl3/РАС system, of polynuclear Аl-complexes with a high-molecular structure. This is testified by the results of the comparative study of those coagulants by the Ferron and ion mass spectroscopy methods.
Floodwater storage capacity of the Middle Daugava floodplain
Authors: Gruberts Dāvis , Vilcāne Kristīne
Published: June 2015

This study highlights the flood risk prevention services provided by the Middle Daugava river-floodplain system located downstream from Daugavpils City. Today, it acts as a principal storage area for floodwaters of the Daugava River during the spring floods, therefore diminishing the risk of flooding and related costs for urban municipalities like Jēkabpils and Pļaviņas located further downstream. Statistical analysis of hydrological data records of the Daugava River at Daugavpils and Jēkabpils during the top-10 flood events in 20th century are performed in order to quantify the largest daily discharge deficits between these two hydrological posts as well as to calculate the amount of floodwaters that could be intercepted by the entire floodplain area. The highest daily discharge deficit (2230 m3 s-1) is used to calculate additional water level heights for Jēkabpils town if the floodplain did not intercept the floodwaters at all. Therefore, reduction of annual flood risk level provided by the existing river-floodplain system of the Middle Daugava River could be assessed from hydrological perspective as well as from the Ecosystem Services Concept point of view.
Challenges in the transition to the Education for Sustainable Development paradigm in higher vocational education in Russia
Authors: Balzannikov Mikhail , Vavilova Tatyana , Vyshkin Efim
Published: June 2015

The paper focuses on the transition to the education for sustainable development (ESD) paradigm in Russian university education, defining the variety and scope of problems to be solved. A comparative study of the progress in various educational and research fields is presented. The prospects for further solutions are considered.
Meteorological Forecasting for renewable energy plants. A case study of two energy plants in Spain
Authors: López Andrés Robalino , Mena-Nieto Ángel
Published: June 2015

Energy resources are the engines that drive every economy [1], [4], [14], Therefore, it is necessary to develop their exploitation in a friendlier, environmentally and sustainable way indeed it is a critically needed nowadays. Then, it is necessary to improve efficiency and optimize renewable energy in order that replace polluting energy sources. This work aims to relate the use of forecasting on meteorological variables such as wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, among others, obtained by mathematical models implemented on computer to forecast energy production in renewable energies plants. It has been implemented and automated one of the most used models by the scientific community in this field, WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model). WRF is a next generation mesoscale model, designed to serve as a tool for meteorological research in addition to provide forecasts in operational regime. This research introduce the topic of energy forecast, mainly of renewable energy, focusing on wind and solar energy, basing the study on a better forecasting of meteorological variables in order to use as income in energy production forecast. A case study in two Spanish renewable energy plants is exposed. 
Management of current assets in the context of increasing the Enterprise’s Profitability
Authors: Arbidane Iluta
Published: June 2015

In order to ensure the financial sustainability of companies under current economic conditions successful management of current assets is crucial. In practice it is quite often observed that the decisions related to current assets management in Latvian companies are made in the short-term aspects without making analysis. Efficient management of working capital is an essential condition of rise in profitability of a company.  Potentialities of working capital management in the context of efficient running of business have not been studied in Latvia up until now. The main aim of this article is to examine the effect of working capital on profitability of Latvian companies. The results of the research that has been performed in relation to Latvian enterprises confirm the existence of a correlation between components of working capital and profitability. The developed regression equations meant for forecasting profitability of a company applying working capital management methods can be used by Latvian enterprises. It follows that managers of an enterprise can forecast indexes characterizing profit, managing components of working capital and maintaining it on the optimum level
The impact of human capital development on the economic and social development of a country: empirical study
Authors: Lonska Jeļena , Mietule Iveta
Published: June 2015

Methodologically this research is based on the approach of many social scientists who argue that there is a bidirectional link: one runs from human capital development to economic growth and overall human development, when human capital helps increase national income and society development; the other runs from economic growth to human capital development, as the resources from national income are allocated to activities contributing to human capital development. The study aims to empirically verify the existence of this interaction by carrying out a correlation analysis of the human capital development level among 120 countries, assessed by the Human Capital Index, and the world's national economic development level, as demonstrated by the Global Competitiveness Index, as well as the level of development of the world's nations (societies) as demonstrated by the Human Development Index.
The result of the analysis empirically demonstrated a strong link between the human capital development with the country's economic (r = +0.944, p = 0.000) and national development (r = +0.882, p = 0.000) in total by all countries. Nevertheless, carrying out the correlation analysis by groups of countries, which are divided according to the calculation methodology of the Global Competitiveness Index, depending on their stage of economic development, the relationship between human capital development and nation’s development is becoming weaker in some groups of countries, with the remaining strong correlation between the development of human capital and the economic development of a state in all groups of countries. This means that only highly developed human capital can contribute to the country's economic development, and vice versa, national economic performance increases human capital development in the framework of effective development policy. On the other hand, not always a close interaction between nation’s development and human capital development can be faced, since a highly developed human capital means the quality of the developed human capital
Influence of SiO2 nanoparticles on relative fluorescence of plant cells
Authors: Grauda Dace , Rashal Isaak , Belogrudova Inta , Katashev Alexey , Bumbure Lada
Published: June 2015

Nanoparticles (nano-scale particles (NSPs)) are defined as particles with dimensions less than 100 nm. SiO2 nanoparticles are one of the most widely common nanoparticles in the environment, particularly in urban areas. The sources of SiO2 nanoparticles are very different, including natural nanoparticles, anthropogenic and engineered nanoparticles. The SiO2 nanoparticles could be considered a source of different pollution effects on leaving organisms. Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanisms, through which the SiO2 nanoparticles affect cells, is incomplete. The aim of the research was to elaborate a method to determine changes in relative fluorescence of both somatic and immature gametic plant cells in presence of SiO2 nanoparticles. Relative cell fluorescence was measured with BD FACSJazz® cell sorter using 488 nm exciting laser light. Mean cell fluorescence was determined for samples of purified cell suspension. Gates of different size and shape were preliminary tested to find those with the lowest CV. Cell plots were created by BS FACS Software 1.0.0.650. The densest part of the plot was gated using oval-shaped gate. The gate included 95-99% of all cells. A logarithmic scale in arbitrary fluorescence units was applied to determine cell relative fluorescence. More than 10 000 cells were gated and analysed from each sample. Somatic cell culture from callus culture initiated from leaves of flax (Linum usitatissimum) was obtained. The relative fluorescence of the somatic cells had large distribution, since the cells differ by many parameters (size, shape, metabolism etc.). Immature pollen cells (one-nucleus stage) as best for SiO2 nanoparticles influence investigation were found. The influence of SiO2 nanoparticles on several plant species (Cyclamen persicum, Tilia cordata, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum) immature pollen cells were investigated. A significant increase in relative cell fluorescence was observed for all mentioned plant species cells after incubation in SiO2 nanoparticles suspension. It was found that cell relative fluorescence was dependent on cultivation duration in SiO2 nanoparticles suspension.
Using the lichen Parmelia sulcata Taylor in the urban environment monitoring
Authors: Istomina N. , Likhacheva O.
Published: June 2015

The article presents the results of the long-term research of the lichen species population in urban environment. The tolerant species Parmelia sulcata Taylor was chosen as an indicator of urban conditions. The study was conducted in different parts of the city of Pskov (Russia) varying in degree of air pollution. The analyses of species’ urban habitats, substrate diversity, thalli location in relation to the points of the compass, abundance and projective cover are discussed. Attention is also focused on the morphological parameters of the lichen’s thalli (thalli size, presence or absence of apothecia, vegetative propagules, thalli color and presence of necro spots on the lichen individuals etc.) in different environmental conditions. Received data will serve as a base for monitoring Parmelia sulcata population change continuously.
Evaluation and long-term conservation perspectives of woodland key habitat bryophyte and lichen indicators in Latgale
Authors: Mežaka Anna , Putna Sanita , Erta Inga
Published: June 2015

Nowadays human impact to habitats and species are stronger then ever before. Latvia is typical example of fragmented landscape, where forest patches are mixed with agricultural land and waterbodies. Latgale is one of typical such a fragmented landscape parts of Latvia. Around 6.41 % of Latgalian forests were evaluated as Woodland Key Habitats (WKHs) or potential WKHs (P)WKHs  after WKH inventory. In total 16 WKH types, suitable for bryophyte and lichen indicator species existence were identified in Latgale. (P)WKH type, forest stand age and area were significant factors influencing bryophyte and lichen specialist and indicator species richness in forest stand level. WKH status did not provide any official conservation status for habitats or species based on current legislation in Latvia. Therefore establishment of conservation areas as microreserves for habitats and species and Nature Reserves in areas, with high (P)WKH density is an effective tool for their long-term conservation in Latgale. Further scientific studies of bryophytes, lichens and WKHs are necessary for planning the best conservation scenarios taking into account also forest ecosystem services.    
Automated detection and enumeration of fluorescently labelled bacteria with flow cytometry
Authors: Mezule Linda , Los Agata
Published: June 2015

Rapid identification of specific microorganisms in their natural environments is of high importance when their cultivation is either impossible or cannot provide valid results. One of the tools available for such purposes is flow-FISH where classical microscopic identification of microorganisms is combined with an automated enumeration system. Despite the high potential of flow-FISH there are still many unsolved issues to introduce the method. The aim of this research was to determine potential quantification limits of a simple flow-FISH protocol to ensure specific and rapid automated identification of target cells.

The results of the study showed that at optimal hybridization conditions (16 hours of hybridization, 15 minutes post-hybridization washing and 3 ng/µl probe concentration) it is possible to specifically determine all main proteobacteria groups and Grampositive bacteria and discriminate among β and γ proteobacteria. Detection of α-proteobacteria was not achieved in this study. Despite the promising application potential of flow-FISH, high attention must be made to extensive cell loss (up to 59%) during preparation of samples for the analyses.
The Changes of Nutrient Content in Soil in Long-term Fertilizer Experiments
Authors: Vigovskis Janis , Jermuss Aivars , Svarta Agrita , Sarkanbarde Daina
Published: June 2015

The paper describes the influence of long term (more than 30 years) fertilizer application to the changes of soil properties and identifies the influence of different fertilization rates to phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulation in soil.

The research has been carried out at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Latvian University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981 under the guidance of professor J. Štikāns.  The long-term drainage field was established in the uncultivated gleyic sod-podzolic Hypostagnic Endogleyic Albeluvisol (Hypereutric), stw-ng-AB(he) loam that had not been used in agriculture for 20 years before. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers, N45P30K45; N90P60K90 N135P90K135 calculated in form of P2O5 and K2O. Since 1994 a seven-year crop rotation has been organized: 1) winter triticale, 2) potatoes, 3) spring wheat, 4) spring oilseed rape, 5) spring barley + perennial grasses (red clover, timothy), 6) perennial grasses, 1st year of using, and 7) perennial grasses 2nd year of using. Mineral fertilizers were applied according to the anticipated rates of plant nutrient elements annually during the cultivation of soil before sowing. For winter cultivars the phosphorus as superphosphate and potassium as potassium chloride fertilizers were cultivated before the sowing in autumn and nitrogen in form of ammonium nitrate was applied the next spring at the beginning of vegetation and at the stage of tillering. During the vegetation period all the required common agro-technical measures were taken – treatment with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.

After 32 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of nutrients related to the different level of fertilizer application. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) a small increase of mobile phosphorus in soil has only been observed in recent years. At the fertilizer rate N90P60K90 the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil gradually begins to grow. Fertilization norm N135P90K135 caused a constant accumulation of nutrients in soil. In 30 years’ time the content of exchangeable phosphorus (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 20 times (from 9 till 184 mg P2O5 kg-1) and exchangeable potassium (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 4 times (from 64 till 223 mg K2O kg-1). There were no relation between different fertilizing rates and calcium and magnesium content in soil observed.

 
Distribution of iron and iron compounds in the Kemeri - Jaunkemeri occurence of sulphide water
Authors: Prols Janis , Teirumnieka Ērika , Teirumnieks Edmunds
Published: June 2015

Iron concentrations, distribution and migration forms, depending on pH and oxidation – reduction potential, were analyzed in case of the Kemeri-Jaunkemeri occurrence (area about 240 km2) of sulphide containing water (maximal sulphides concentration – 74 mg/l), located in Latvia. Iron content was investigated in 457 wells located within all area of occurrence. Those wells were installed to two aquifers: the Quarternary multi-aquifer and Salaspils aquifer, where occurrence of sulphide containing groundwater is distributed. All groundwater of occurrence is classified in four types depending on oxygen, sulphides and organic matter content in the groundwater.  Modeling of groundwater migration forms was carried out, and it is stated that iron migrates basically as Fe2+ in oxygen and suphides non-containing water. Migration forms are influenced by concentration of organic matter in the aquifer. The portion of Fe2+ migrating in a form of free decreases due to formation of complexes with fulvic and humic acids, which can reach 36.5% of all migration forms. Iron migrates as Fe(OH)3  in oxygen containing water (more than 99% of determined forms). Presence of iron is ascertained also in sulphides containing water, where iron migrates basically as (98.8% of determined forms).  This occurs due to formation of complexes with sulphydes – FeHS- and Fe(HS)2o.
Co-digestion of algae biomass for production of biogas and fertilizer: Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Authors: Slisane Dzintra , Romagnoli Francesco , Kamenders Agris , Veidenbergs Ivars , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this article is to determine and assess Life Cycle Costs of biogas and fertilizer produced in anaerobic digestion of biomass. General Cost Breakdown Structure for anaerobic digestion plant is described for better understanding of the system. Main cost categories discussed in this study are: Investments; Design, construction and dismantling costs; Maintenance, Operation and Transportation costs. Results showed that Design, construction and dismantling costs have the biggest share in Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) per cubic meter of biogas. This category also has the biggest influence on TLCC of fertilizer. Investment costs are the second most significant cost category.
Social life cycle assessment of biomethane production and distribution in Latvia
Authors: Karklina Katrina , Slisane Dzintra , Romagnoli Francesko , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: June 2015

A social life cycle assessment is proposed for the evaluation of the social potential impact in regard to the production and use of biomethane derived from biomass (algae and manure) in Latvia. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is used to evaluate the social performances, which have been selected based on literature, statistics and legislation data. Seven alternatives are evaluated by experts and the best alternative is figured out.