bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Moesner Jørgen , Baunsgaard Philip , Starklint Henrik , Thommesen Niels
Published: August 2010

In a series of 18 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver characteristic histological changes were found in the lesions of 5 patients receiving female reproductive steroids, e.g. four women taking oral contraceptives for several years, and one man treated with synthetic estrogenic compound for carcinoma of the prostate. These lesions contained young, connective tissue septa with abundant proliferation of bile ducts, piecemeal necroses and lymphocytic infiltration. Much less or no activity was found in the lesions of 11 women and 2 men without hormone treatment. Possible mechanisms for this activity are discussed, and it is proposed that focal nodular hyperplasia represents a congenital malformation, possibly a hamartoma, the liver cells of which may suffer from enzymatic defects, which may render them especially vulnerable to female sex hormones.
CYTOPLASMIC EFFECTS OF X‐IRRADIATION ON CULTURED CELLS IN A NON‐DIVIDING STAGE
Authors: Hamberg Hans , Brunk Ulf , Ericsson Jan L. E. , Jung Bo
Published: August 2010

Topoinhibited human glia cells in vitro were exposed to X‐radiation generated by an 8‐MeV linear accelerator at a dose of 20,000 rad. Transmission electron microscopy of irradiated cells at intervals varying between 30 min. and 5 days following irradiation revealed alterations mainly in the plasma membrane and the lysosomal vacuome. Increased ruffling of plasma membranes, augmented endocytosis and extensive intracellular autophagy developed within 24 hours after irradiation. The implications of the plasma membrane alterations are discussed, and a tentative model covering possible mechanisms involved in the development of autophagic vacuoles is presented. The possibility is entertained that alternative mechanisms may be operative during the formation of the autophagic vacuole in irradiated glia cells. The origin of the isolation membrane appears to be (a) preexisting lysosomes; and (b) flattened vacuolar cytoplasmic elements.
LIVER BIOPSIES FROM PSORIATICS RELATED TO METHOTREXATE THERAPY
Authors: Nyfors A.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this paper is to report findings in post‐MTX liver biopsies from 160 psoriatics treated with Methotrexate (MTX) in single, weekly, oral doses of 25 mg maximum. The paper comprises two materials: A. 92 patients with a single biopsy and B. 68 patients with serial biopsies. At the time of liver biopsy the 92 patients had received a mean cumulative Methotrexate dose of 2287 mg (range 50–5075 mg). One patient had cirrhosis and six patients had fibrosis. Comparing these 7 patients with patients having normal liver histology (13 patients) revealed no statistically significant difference in cumulative doses of MTX, but a statistically significant higher admitted alcohol intake during MTX therapy (p < 0.02) and an older age (p < 0.01) in the patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis. In the 68 patients MTX had accumulated to a mean dose of 3940 mg (range 325–8355 mg) at the time the latest liver biopsies were taken. Among the latest liver biopsies were 14 cirrhosis (21 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits: 12–32 per cent) and 16 fibrosis (24 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits: 14–35 per cent). The 14 patients with cirrhosis when compared to patients with normal histology (9 patients), had taken an equal total dose of MTX at the latest liver biopsy, but had consumed a statistically significant higher amount of alcohol (p < 0.05) during MTX therapy and also tended to be older (p < 0.06). Comparison of material A and B indicates that the prevalence of cirrhosis and fibrosis among MTX treated psoriatics increases rapidly beyond a cumultative dose of two to four grams of MTX. No MTX treated psoriatics should thus be allowed to pass this dosage range without having a liver biopsy performed.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THYMUS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CHRONIC PHASE OF HYPERTENSION IN MICE FOLLOWING PARTIAL INFARCTION OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

Partial infarction of one kidney and contralateral nephrectomy was followed by a similar initial increase in blood pressure in athymic (nude) and normal mice of the C57/BL/6J strain. The chronic phase of the hypertension was, however, thymus dependent, since the athymic mice failed to maintain an increased blood pressure, in contrast to the normal mice. A response of thymus transplantation in athymic mice was the ability to maintain the blood pressure high in the chronic phase of the hypertension, whereas cyclophosphamide treatment to the normal hypertensive mice decreased the blood pressure in the chronic phase of the hypertension, but not in the early (acute) phase. Some perivascular round cell infiltrations were found in the uninfarcted part of the kidney in normal and thymus‐transplanted nude mice after 80 days of hypertension, but the degree of cellular reaction was less than previously observed in the NMRI‐strain of mice. Substantial perivascular cellular infiltrations, which appeared to be thymus‐dependent, occurred in the ischemic border‐zone of the infarcted area. Athymic mice of the NMRI‐strain were able to develop the initial blood pressure elevation of DOCA/salt hypertension during the chronic phase of Loomis hypertension, in which phase the arterial pressure otherwise would be declining towards normal values.
TUMOURS OF URINARY BLADDER AND URETER ASSOCIATED WITH ABUSE OF PHENACETIN‐CONTAINING ANALGESICS
Authors: Johansson Sonny , Wahlqvist Lennart
Published: August 2010

Forty‐two patients with a bladder tumour and 4 patients with a ureteral tumour and a history of abuse of phenacetin‐containing analgesics were studied. The sex ratio was 1:1, and the mean age 63 years. The estimated amount of ingested phenacetin was 7.1 kg, the estimated mean exposure time 21 years, and the estimated mean induction time 30 years. Renal papillary necrosis and impaired renal function were found in 34 patients. A history of recurrent urinary tract infection was found in 80 per cent of the patients, suggesting that the combination of phenacetin‐abuse and chronic inflammation might be responsible for the localization of the tumours to the bladder. The majority of the bladder tumours were of low grade (1 and 2); muscular invasion was seldom found and metastases were rare. The patients were followed for 1.5–13 years. Twenty‐six patients died; the mean survival time was 46 months. Uremia due to analgesic nephropathy was the main cause of death in 14 patients and contributed to death in another 7 patients. Three of the patients with ureteral tumours had received radiological treatment against the pelvic region, 15–20 years prior to the diagnosis of the ureteral tumour.
NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER IN GREENLAND
Authors: Nielsen Nils Højgaard , Mikkelsen Flemming , Hansen Jens Peder Hart
Published: August 2010

Nasopharyngeal cancer is very common among the Chinese in various parts of the world, particularly Southern China, and frequent in certain other Mongoloid groups in Southeast Asia. Also, the incidence among the Eskimos of the western Canadian Arctic and Alaska is considerably higher than would be expected. This paper reports for the first time the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer among native Greenlanders, an Eskimo population with some admixture of Caucasian blood. During 1955–1976, thirty‐five cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed. Ninety‐four per cent (33 cases) were squamous cell carcinomas, including lymphoepitheliomas. Incidence rates 1965–1976, age adjusted to the “world” population distribution, were 12.3 and 8.5 per 100,000 per annum for males and females respectively. These rates are among the highest recorded in the world and significantly higher than among the Caucasian population in Denmark. Compared with other high risk populations nasopharyngeal cancer among Greenlanders had an older age distribution and a lower male‐to‐female sex ratio. An additional 11 cases with malignant involvement, seemingly confined only to cervical lymph nodes, may have included some undiagnosed nasopharyngeal cancers. Thus the calculated incidence rates of this study could represent only minimum rates. Further research is needed especially with regard to the HL‐A profile and to possible traces of Epstein‐Barr virus infection.
Is Sulphated Blood‐Group Substance in Pancreas a Factor in Cystic Fibrosis?
Authors: Rö;lla Gunnar , Melsen Birte , Sö;nju Torleif
Published: August 2010

The present study showed that the pancreas of two monkey species contained sulphated blood‐group substance. Such strongly anionic molecules are known to bind calcium, and their solutions form gels in the presence of cations. It is suggested that such a mechanism may be involved in cystic fibrosis.
Highly Differentiated Gastric Adenocarcinoma Originating From the Normal, Non‐Metaplastic Gastric Epithelium
Authors: Teglbjærg P. Stubbe
Published: August 2010

The first described case of a highly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, with light microscopic and ultrastructural features, pointing to the normal gastric epithelium as the site of origin, is presented.
Pulmonary Excretion of Carbon Black Injected Into the Cerebral Ventricles of the Rat
Authors: Bertheussen K. J. , Diemer N. H. , Prætholm J. , Klinken L.
Published: August 2010

After injection of a mixture of carbon black and a iodinated X‐ray contrast medium into the cerebral ventricles of rats carbon black loaded macrophages were found in the alveolar septa in the lungs. It is concluded that contrast media used in cerebral ventriculography are eliminated at least partly by discharge of pulmonary macrophages.
The Myocardial Capillary Vasculature in Repeated Physical Exercise
Authors: Carlsson S. , Ljungqvist A. , Tornling G. , Unge G.
Published: August 2010

The neoformation of myocardial blood capillaries was investigated on cardiac autoradiograms from 3H‐thymidine injected rats that had been swimming‐exercised for two weeks, rats that had been resting for three months following the exercise, and rats in which the rest had been followed by a second two‐weeks period of exercise. The initial period of exercise induced a significant capillary neoformation in the hearts. The newly‐formed vasculature was found of functional significance still at the end of the resting period and available for the increased demands on the myocardial vasculature when the exercise was resumed.
Lithium‐Induced Focal Interstitial Fibrosis in the Rat Kidney
Authors: Hestbech J. , Olesen O. Vendelin , Thomsen K.
Published: August 2010

An early stage of focal cortical interstitial fibrosis and nephronic atrophy was found by light microscopy in the kidneys of nine out of twelve rats which had recieved lithium, for 9 weeks. The animals had excessive polyuria and increased requirement for sodium. The histological changes were in their distribution and the morphological structure similar to the lesions recently found in renal biopsy specimens from patients on long‐term lithium treatment.
Acute Hypertensive Damage of Arterial Vessels of the Heart
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

Experimentally‐induced acute angiotensin hypertension has been shown to increase the permeability of cardial arteries and arterioles to plasma components within a few hours. Only in one of the coronary arteries was an increased and focal permeability for plasma components demonstrated, the penetration taking place into the entire thickness of the vessel wall. However, the permeability observed in intramyocardial small arteries and arterioles showed a distinct deposition of plasma components, both in the tunica intima and the tunica media and usually in the entire circumference of the vessels. The results support the view that an increased arterial permeability of the myocardial vessels for plasma components is an important initial stage in the development of hypertensive vascular disease of the heart.
Micronuclei Studied in Fine Needle Goitre Aspirates
Authors: Nilsson Gö;ran
Published: August 2010

Small nuclei at the size level of 1–3 μ ‐ micronuclei ‐ were studied in fine needle goitre aspirates. The greatest frequency of such structures was found in carcinomas, toxic goitres, and lymphoid thyroiditis, but even in the cases where they were found in greatest numbers, these structures comprised only a few promille of the nuclei. The possible significance of the micronuclei, especially with regard to carcinogenesis, is discussed.
Lymph Node Identification in Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Jensen JØrn , Andersen Johan
Published: August 2010

A method for identifying lymph nodes in tissue specimens from patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum by soft X‐rays is described and assessed. The method seems superior to more time‐consuming and possibly tissue‐damaging procedures, and it affords a possibility of identifying lymph nodes down to a size of 1–2 mm in formalin‐fixed as well as in non‐fixed tissue specimens.
The Effects of Ethylene‐1‐Hydroxy‐1, 1‐Diphosphonate on Cellular Transformation and Organic Matrix of the Epiphyseal Growth Plate of the Rat ‐ A Light Microscopic and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Larsson Åke , Larsson Sven‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Ethylene‐1‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered intraperitoneally to one‐day‐old rats. In the first experiment, each animal was given 4 injections of EHDP distributed over two consecutive days and corresponding to a total amount of EHDP of 100 mg/kg bwt/day. The animals were sacrificed 12 hours after the last injection. In the second experiment, each animal was given 3 injections, each containing 50 mg of EHDP/kg bwt, with an interval of 6 hours and were thereafter left to survive for 4 days. Animals in the first experiment showed in comparison to normal controls an increased width of the hypertrophic zone; lack of calcified septa within the zone of provisional calcification; persistent atypical chondrocytes in the calcification zone and a large number of matrix vesicles lacking in crystals. The ground substance showed an accumulation of fine precipitates apparently representing undegraded aggregates of proteoglycan macromolecules. Animals in the second experiment formed a new apparently normal epiphyseal growth plate, while the »old« epiphyseal cartilage formed under the influence of EHDP remained largely unresorbed within the metaphysis. Besides the previously described inhibitory effects of diphosphonates on the crystallization of matrix vesicles and the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals, EHDP, at the doses used, was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on the differentiation and migration of the epiphyseal chondrocytes as well as on the degradation of proteoglycan macromolecules. The observed inhibition of vascular invasion appears to be related to inhibition of enzymatic degradation of the ground substance, as evidenced by the observation of extracellular lysosomelike bodies in the erosion zone.
Renal Infection After Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion
Authors: Bergman Bo , Knutson Folke
Published: August 2010

Autopsy records from cases with urinary bladder carcinoma, consisting of patients operated upon with conduit urinary diversion and controls without diversion, were studied. We found macroscopical evidence of upper urinary tract infection (renal abscesses and/or pus‐filled pelves/ureters and/or reddish mucosa in pelves/ureters) in 18 of 21 conduit cases without evidence of cancer at autopsy and in 14 of 50 control cases. The difference is statistically significant (p<0.0005). Abscesses were found more often in conduit cases (10/21) than in non‐diverted cases (8/50) (p<0.01). The known connection between dilated ureters and/or pelves and urinary tract infection was demonstrated in non‐diverted cases.
Pancreatic B‐Cell Sensitivity to Alloxan in Vico
Authors: Boquist Lennart
Published: August 2010

Serum glucose, inorganic phosphate, acid‐base balance and islet morphology were studied in mice subjected to different kinds of treatment before alloxan administration. In preceding studies, pretreatment with D‐glucose, D‐mannose, D‐fructose, sodium lactate and NaHCO3, but not with D‐galactose, was found to protect against alloxan toxicity. In this study alloxan antagonism was found by pre‐treatment with L‐leucine, but not with L‐arginine or NaH2PO4. Blood analyses, carried out 10 minutes after injection of the test compounds, disclosed' that the serum inorganic phosphate concentration was decreased in mice given D‐glucose, D‐mannose, D‐fructose, sodium lactate, NaHCO3, L‐leucine, and L‐arginine, but was not affected in those treated with D‐galactose, and was increased in those receiving NaH2PO4. With the exception of L‐arginine, blood pH was increased in the groups which exhibited decreased serum inorganic phosphate concentration;

pH was not affected in mice treated with D‐galactose, L‐arginine and NaH2PO4. Alterations in inorganic phosphate and hydrogen ion concentration may affect the B‐cell sensitivity to alloxan (»Pi‐pH hypothesis«).
Transthoracic Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Francis Dorthe
Published: August 2010

In the search for a possible distinction between false and true negative biopsies, an analysis of the distribution of the non‐neoplastic cells has been performed in 100 randomized transthoracic aspiration biopsies in so many histologically verified cases. Aspiration biopsies from malignant lesions often contain many giant cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and mast cells, but a significant difference was only found for the mast cells. A negative biopsy containing many inflammatory cells and mast cells and showing a pronounced degree of necrosis may represent a chronic obstructive pneumonitis, and such a finding should always prompt further investigation.
Transthoracic Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Francis Dorthe
Published: August 2010

Alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary aspirates sometimes appear with a pronounced nuclear atypism which may give rise to diagnostic difficulties. An analysis has been performed of the occurrence and morphology of alveolar epithelial cells in a series of histologically‐verified transthoracic aspiration biopsies not containing clear‐cut malignant tumour cells. Alveolar epithelial cells, as well as atypism of these cells, are more often seen in biopsies from histologically malignant cases than in benign cases. Their presence in a pulmonary aspirate may be due to a chronic obstruction atelectasis. In cases with tumour‐like configuration of the alveolar epithelial cells, an open pulmonary biopsy is recommended, as it seems impossible to decide whether such findings represent a neoplastic or a reactive process.
Ultrastructure and Actin Distribution in Neoplastic Neurogenic Cells in Culture
Authors: Haugen Åge , Lærum Ole Didrik
Published: August 2010

The Ultrastructure of 13 neoplastic cell culture lines derived from BD IX‐rat brain was investigated in relation to growth pattern, the degree of aneuploidy, and tumourigenicity. Neoplastic transformation was induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The neoplastic cell culture lines were either obtained from solid neuroectodermal tumours (V‐lines), or developed in culture after transfer of fetal rat brain cells shortly after exposure to ENU in vivo (BT‐lines). By transmission electron microscopy the following ultrastructural characteristics were found in both types of neoplastic cell lines: varying numbers of microtubules, few or no microfilament bundles and a variable amount of 10 nm (glial) filaments, as well as atypical nuclear structure. High numbers of 10 nm filaments were found in strongly aneuploid lines. By immunofluorescence with anti‐serum against actin, the paucity of microfilament bundles was also visualized. In most cell lines a diffuse cytoplasmic actin fluorescence was found, but sometimes actin‐containing bundles appeared as irregular streaks. For comparison, secondary cells from untreated fetal rat brains were also investigated. They showed parallel actin bundles throughout the cytoplasm, but these disappeared when the cells were induced to »differentiate« to an astrocyte‐like morphology by addition of a protein fraction from adult brains. A diffuse positive reaction over the whole cytoplasm was then seen, much in the same way as in neoplastic cells.
Cytoplasmic Effects of X‐Irradiation on Cultured Cells in a Nondividing Stage
Authors: Hamberg H. , Brunk U. , Ericsson J. L. E. , Jung B.
Published: August 2010

Cultured, density‐dependent growth inhibited human glia cells were exposed to X‐radiation, generated by an 8‐MeV linear accelerator, at a dose of 200 Gy. Phase contrast microscopy, time‐lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy showed the irradiated cells to have increased ruffling activity of plasma membranes and enhanced macropinocytosis with a maximum approximately 24 hours after irradiation. »Atypical« central ruffles arising from the upper cell surface were demonstrated on some irradiated cells. The turnover of plasma membranes was supposed to be increased in the irradiated cells resulting in the formation of the observed branched, thread‐like cells. The diminished cell surface area was believed to result from an unbalance between degradation and renewal of the plasma membranes in the irradiated cells.
Immune Deposits in Generalised Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Larsen Svend
Published: August 2010

One hundred and fourteen kidney biopsies from 106 patients with clinical evidence of glomerulonephrilis (GN), and a diagnosis at light microscopy (LM) of generalised mesangioproliferative GN, were examined by immunofluorescent microscopy (IFM) without knowledge of the LM or the clinical findings at the time of investigation. Correlation of the fluorescent findings in the renal corpuscles to the clinical symptoms, and in part the clinical course, showed: 1. a significantly lower frequency of complete remission in patients with deposits of IgG‐IgA/C3, and a higher frequency of complete remission in patients with deposits of IgG‐IgM/C3.2. that IgG‐IgA/C3was significantly more commonly localised solely to the mesangium than other deposits, and IgM/C3was more commonly localised along the basement membrane of the capillary loops than other ***deposits. ***3. that patients with elevated blood pressure and at the same time reduced kidney function all had deposits of immunoglobulin and C3localised to both the mesangium and the capillary loops in the glomeruli. 4. that those patients treated with corticosteroid and/or cytostatic drugs had a greater tendency to complete remission. 5. that the effect of immunosuppressive treatment was independent of whether glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin and C3were present or not. Apart from this no significant association was found between immunoglobulin/C3deposited in glomeruli and the clinical symptoms of GN or the clinical course. In patients presenting with symptoms of GN less than 3 months before biopsy, deposits of properdin were found to be four times more common than in patients where disease was present for more than 3 months before biopsy. Immunoglobulin and C3were demonstrated together in only 72% of the biopsies, and in 15% neither deposits of immunoglobulin nor C3were found. The demonstrated deposits of different immunoglobulin combinations in glomeruli could be used as the basis of an immunological classification in patients with mesangioproliferative GN on LM. Any such classification, however, only seems to be on yet another descriptive level with the same correlative problems as the LM diagnosis, because of the lacking relationship of the IFM findings to symptoms, clinical course and results of therapy.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF GROWING HUMAN GLIA AND GLIOMA CELLS Whole Cell Preparations
Authors: COLLINS V. P. , BRUNK U. T. , FREDRIKSSON B.‐A. , WESTERMARK B.
Published: August 2010

Three lines of normal human glia cells and eight established lines of malignant glioma cells have been studied in the electron microscope (E.M.), using preparations of critical‐point dried whole cells, sparsely grown on formvar‐coated. E. M., gold grids. The malignant cell lines showed a very varied morphology, almost every line having its peculiarities as compared to the essentially identical normal glia lines. The major differences noted concerned the form of the leading lamellae, number of microspikes and the distribution of organelles such as secondary lysosomes and mitochondria. No single consistent finding made it possible to differentiate the glioma cells as a group from the glia cells in sparse cultures. The findings of this study show some of the individual glioma cell lines to have characteristic cell‐surface structures. They were found to be identical with the findings in previous SEM studies, suggesting the peculiarities of the individual malignant glioma lines to be stable and retained, despite continual passage.
TUMOURS IN ICELAND
Authors: MCKNIGHT CHARLES K. , MAGNUSSON BJARKI
Published: August 2010

Four hundred and eighty‐five primary malignant skin tumours submitted for histological diagnosis in Iceland during the period 1955–1974 were typed according to the WHO histological classification. The incidence of these tumours, age‐adjusted to the »World« population, was 12.6/100.000 in males and 11.0/100.000 in females. These are very low figures for a white population. The distribution by type among males was: basal cell carcinoma 66.8%. squamous cell carcinoma 22%, malignant melanoma 7.2% and others 4%. Among females: basal cell carcinoma 66.9%, malignant melanoma 20.8%, squamous cell carcinoma 10.2% and others 2.1%. The exposed areas of the body were affected much more frequently than other areas. The results support the theory that intensity of solar radiation is of major aetiological significance.
INFLUENCE OF 4‐AMINOPYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINE ON MORPHOLOGY, SYNTHESIS OF TRIGLYCERIDE AND PROTEIN AND THEIR SECRETION IN RAT HEPATOCYTES
Authors: NORDBY GRETE , SCHREINER BERIT
Published: August 2010

The influence of 4‐aminopyrazolopyrimidine (4‐APP) on morphology and on synthesis and secretion ability of isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated: 4‐APP was found to inhibit both the synthesis and secretion of proteins. The synthesis of triglycerides was unaffected by 4‐APP, while the secretion of triglycerides was markedly reduced. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that 4‐APP induced morphological changes in the smooth membrane systems, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The possibility that 4‐APP inhibits lipoprotein formation by inhibition of the apoprotein synthesis is discussed.
CARCINOMA‐IN‐SITU OF TESTIS IN TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME
Authors: SkakkebaeoEk Niels E.
Published: August 2010

A light microscopical study of an excised testis from a 14 1/2‐year‐old girl with incomplete type of testicular feminization syndrome revealed a carcinoma‐in‐situ pattern in a part of the gonad. An identical histological pattern has repeatedly been demonstrated in infertile men who developed gross testicular germ cell tumours. It is suggested that germ cell carcinomas in patients with testicular feminization syndrome may be preceded by this characteristic intratubular germ cell abnormality.
ASCITES TUMORS IN CBA MICE
Authors: RYD WALTER , HAGMAR BJÖRN
Published: August 2010

We have studied four syngeneic murine tumors, a fibrosarcoma, a squamous cell carcinoma and their two ascites‐converted counterparts, by transmission electron microscopy. The ascites tumors were investigated both as cell suspension (AA‐tumor) and as solid tumor (AS‐tumor). We have also studied the ascites tumors, enzymatically produced cell suspensions of the AS‐tumors and solid original tumors by scanning electron microscopy. The two ascites tumors are totally de‐differentiated and lack intercellular junctions. This, we think, is a prerequisite for ascites growth. But the ascites tumors show no peculiar ultrastructural features in comparison with other undifferentiated malignant tumors. We found no morphological cell alterations by the enzymatical dissociation procedure used to bring the solid tumors into suspension. Differences between the AS and AA tumors can be ascribed to differences in proliferation rates.
PROLACTIN AND 3‐METHYLCHOLANTHRENE INDUCED CERVICAL CARCINOMA. EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: FORSBERG JOHN‐GUNNAR , BREISTEIN LIV STRAY
Published: August 2010

Female mice of the NMRI strain were injected with estradiol for the first five days after birth (estrogenized animals) and ovariectomized at the age of 6–9 weeks. One week later, a cotton thread impregnated with 3‐methylcholanthrene was inserted into the uterine cervix. Starting on the day of insertion of the thread, and for a further 6 days, the females were injected with estradiol (E2), ovine prolactin (P), or 2‐bromo‐α‐ergokryptine mesylate (bromocriptine). Controls were injected with vehicles only. The animals were killed 4 or 8 weeks after insertion of the thread, and the uterine cervix was serially sectioned. A combined treatment with E2 and P resulted in an increased incidence of invasive epithelial lesions in the uterine cervix. This incidence was higher than in controls or females injected with either hormone separately. Bromocriptine reduced the incidence of invasions, and this reduction could not be restored to the control level by a simultaneous treatment with E2 and/or P. Finally, the incidence of invasive lesions in the control group of estrogenized females was higher than that reported in an earlier study using non‐estrogenized females.
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY IN MOUSE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
Authors: BOQUIST L. , HAGSTRÖM S.
Published: August 2010

Histochemical staining for carbonic anhydrase (CAH) was demonstrated in the mouse pancreas. Light microscopically, a strong reaction for CAH was found in the B‐cell region of the islets, in blood vessels inside and outside the islets, and in centroacinar cells and ductules. In contrast, no distinct reaction was seen in the peripheral A‐ and D‐cell regions of the islets, or in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells. A weak, irregular staining could, however, be observed in some nuclei of the acinar parenchyma. A newly‐developed ultrastructural modification disclosed a distinct reaction in a varying number of the secretory granules of the B‐cells, whereas a sparse, irregularly‐distributed reaction was observed in the nuclei and cytoplasmic ground substance, and in association to the plasma membranes and microvilli of these cells. The CAH reaction was in all portions of the pancreas abolished by acetazolamide. The specificity of the results is discussed. The findings are suggested to indicate presence of a true CAH activity in the B‐cells of the mouse pancreas.
POLYPOID CYSTITIS
Authors: EKELUND PETER , JOHANSSON SONNY
Published: August 2010

Histopathological examination of the urinary bladders of 63 patients dying in a geriatric clinic was performed. In 40 of 51 patients who had been treated with a urinary catheter, histological changes of polypoid cystitis were found. In 34 of the bladders the lesion engaged the posterior wall which corresponds to the localization of the tip of the catheter. The frequency of polypoid cystitis increased with increasing time of catheter treatment and reached its peak by three months. After that time the frequency was relatively constant. The frequency of polypoid cystitis seemed not to be influenced by bacterial urinary tract infection. Urothelial atypia was not seen after catheter treatment.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND HYDROXYPROLINE CONTENT OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN POROUS CERAMIC IMPLANTS
Authors: WIE HENRIK , BECK EVA I.
Published: August 2010

The present study describes a model applying ceramic implants (Al2O3) for in vivo studies of connective tissue regeneration. Two types of implants have been developed: a one‐piece model for histological examination and chemical analyses, and a two‐piece implant which can also be used for mechanical testing of connective tissue. When these were implanted subcutaneously on the back of rats, a correlation was found between the mechanical strength and the hydroxyproline content of connective tissue in the implants. The peak synthesis occurred between the 7th and the 14th day after implantation, and a plateau was reached for both strength‐increases and hydroxyproline‐formation between the 14th and the 21st days. For histological examination, the implants were embedded in plastic materials and prepared as hard tissue specimens. The model presented can be applied to study connective tissue regeneration in normal and pathological conditions, including studies of the effects of various drugs on connective tissue.
INFANTILE VAGINAL TUMOUR WITH ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. , Lundborg C. J. , Laursen A. M. , Hägerstrand I.
Published: August 2010

A 17‐month‐old girl with a vaginal embryonal carcinoma (germ cell tumour) is reported. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) was elevated before treatment in blood and vaginal fluid. Normal levels of AFP in blood and vaginal fluid were found after radiation and combination chemotherapy. By an indirect immunoperoxidase staining AFP was demonstrated in tumour tissue. 24‐month‐old local recurrence was preceded by a slight increase in serum AFP, and AFP could also be demonstrated in vaginal fluid and vaginal smears.
REPAIR IN ARTERIAL TISSUE
Authors: CHRISTENSEN B. COLLATZ , CHEMNITZ J. , TKOCZ I. , KIM C. M.
Published: August 2010

The role of the endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue in the permeability of a healing intima was studied by vital staining with Evans blue and transmission electron microscopy after severe mechanical lesion of the rabbit aorta. Reendothelialization, decreasing permeability, and organization of neointimal connective tissue were concomitant events in the healing processes. The determinant factor in decreasing permeability was reendothelialization with the formation of endothelial flaps and junctions. Changes in the subendothelial connective tissue seemed also to be factors that influenced the permeability.
RELEASE OF INSULIN IN VITRO FROM NORMAL AND DUCT‐LIGATED RAT PANCREAS
Authors: ANDERSSON ARNE , HALLBERG ANDERS , HELLERSTRÖM CLAES , HULTQUIST GÖSTA , JANSSON LEIF
Published: August 2010

Ligation of the pancreatic duct causes atrophy of the acinar cells but leaves the endocrine tissue intact. In the present study, a partial ligation of the pancreatic duct was performed in the rat, and the in vitro insulin response to glucose was compared from both the atrophic and non‐atrophic portions of the pancreas. Subsequent morphological studies of the duct‐tied portion of the pancreas indicated a complete lack of acinar cells and a possible neoformation of ducts, fat cells and connective tissue. However, islets were present in normal amounts and appeared well preserved. Measurements of the insulin release in vitro from this ligated pancreatic tissue showed that an increase of the glucose concentrations from 3.3 to 16.7 mmol/l resulted in a six‐fold stimulation. A further two‐fold stimulation was seen after addition of theophylline to the high‐glucose incubation medium. In addition, only under the latter conditions was there a significantly increased insulin release from both the nonatrophic portion of the pancreas and from the pancreas of sham‐operated animals. It is concluded that duct ligation does not diminish the glucose sensitivity of rat islet B‐cells. Thus, the present study does not support the view proposed previously that islet tissue is functionally of a foetal nature following duct ligation.
HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INJURY
Authors: RAJS JOVAN
Published: August 2010

The light microscopic appearances in hematoxylin‐basic fuchsin‐picric acid (HBFP)‐stained histological sections from cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue were put in relation to the reactions of isolated viable rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia in suspension and their morphology in paraffin‐embedded sections. Special attention was paid to prenecrotic phases of myocytic injury which were followed, in viable rat cardiac myocytes, by light microscopy, and confirmed with biochemical assays indicating increased plasma membrane permeability. In cases of sudden death, and traumatic injury to the heart and skeletal muscle, there was good agreement between alterations demonstrated with the HBFP technique and alterations of viable rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia. In isolated myocytes, these alterations were associated with irregular contractility which, when occurring in situ, might have influenced the cardiac function prior to death. Moreover, the changes develop at a much faster rate than the inflammatory reaction following tissue injury and may therefore be regarded as an early vital phenomenon of significance in clinico‐pathological and medico‐legal considerations.
A RETROSPECTIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF 669 CASES OF PRIMARY CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN CLINICAL STAGE I
Authors: LARSEN TOVE EEG , GRUDE TOVE HELLIESEN
Published: August 2010

A selected series of primary malignant melanoma of the skin, clinical stage I, was studied. The series includes 37 lentigo maligna melanomas, 301 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 nodular malignant melanomas and 137 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. Dermal solar elastosis was graded. The most common finding was lack of solar elastosis which together with slight elastosis was mostly found on the trunks of young men and on the legs of young women in cases of superficial spreading malignant melanoma. Marked and moderate elastosis was found almost exclusively on the head, especially in old women with lentigo maligna melanoma. Nodular malignant melanoma was related neither to any special grade of solar elastosis, nor to localization, but showed some relation to the male sex after 50 years of age. The present study does not permit any conclusions to be made about a possible causal relationship between the three types of malignant melanoma and previous sun‐exposure, because of lack of clinical information and a control series concerning solar elastosis in the normal population. Level of invasion and prognosis of the patient did not show any covariation with grade of solar elastosis.
FORMATION OF GRANULATION TISSUE IN SUBCUTANEOUSLY IMPLANTED SPONGES IN RATS
Authors: HØLUND B. , JUNKER P. , GARBARSCH C. , CHRISTOFFERSEN P. , LORENZEN I.
Published: August 2010

A comparison was made between the granulation tissue formation in two different synthetic sponge types, Visella and Ivalon, of different sizes. The granulation tissue formed in the two sponge types did not differ qualitatively, and had the character of wound tissue and inflammatory tissue in man. The rate of tissue formation in the Visella sponges was faster and the tissue was more homogenous than in the Ivalon sponges. Fourteen‐day‐old Visella implants of either size contained more granulation tissue than Ivalon sponges, probably owing to the smaller pore size of the former material. This may also account for the more frequent occurrence of giant cells in the Visella inplants. In contrast to the Visella sponges, the trabeculae of the Ivalon polymer showed calcification and positive staining properties with histological staining procedures, and deformation was frequent among the Ivalon implants. Thin sponges of either type closed in about 21 days, thick ones after about 42 days of implantation. Calculated per 2 cm3 of implant, thin sponges produced more tissue after 14 days of implantation than thick ones. It is concluded that the Visella sponge type is best suitable for this experimental model of inflammation.
TUMOURS IN ICELAND
Authors: SIGURJÓNSSON SIGURDUR V. , HALLGRÍMSSON JÓNAS , BREKKAN ÁSMUNDUR , HARALDSSON STEFÁN
Published: August 2010

Tumours and tumour‐like lesions of bone occurring in Iceland during the years 1955–1974 were studied pathologically, radiologically and clinically and typed histologically according to the World Health Organization Classification published in 1972. Cartilage‐forming tumours were the largest group, or 81 per cent. The frequency of primary malignant bone tumours as a group, excluding myelomas, resembled that reported from several other countries, but the composition of these tumours in Iceland was different in that chondrosarcomas constituted 47 per cent and osteosarcomas 27 per cent. The chondrosarcomas also were unusual in having a high male/female ratio, a high grade of malignancy and a short survival when located in the long bones of the extremities and the bones of the foot. The bones of the hand were disproportionately frequent sites for chondrosarcomas and chondromas.
DIFFERENCE IN GROWTH OF HORMONE DEPENDENT AND HORMONE INDEPENDENT MAMMARY TUMOURS OF GR MICE, IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: BRIAND PER , THORPE SUSAN M. , DAEHNFELDT JOHAN L.
Published: August 2010

Growth in vivo of hormone dependent (HD) and hormone independent (HI) GR mouse mammary tumours was evaluated on the basis of doubling time (td) and TD50, i.e. the number of tumour cells required to produce a tumour in 50% of inoculated animals within 2 months. TD50 was 10–100 times higher for HD than for HI tumour cells whereas td was the same for the two types of tumours. By explanting minced tumour tissue in a modified MEM medium supplemented with 10–20% fetal bovine serum and insulin (5 μg/ml), monolayer cultures consisting of islands of epithelial cells were obtained. Sixty‐five per cent of primary cultures from 71 tumours were tumourigenic as tested by reinoculation into mice. Nearly all the tumourigenic cultures had retained the hormone dependence or independence of the original tumour. In order to compare the growth of HD and HI tumours in vitro, 6 primary tumours were transplanted serially to follow the progression from HD to HI growth. Cell proliferation in vitro as measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation tended to be higher in cultures of HI carcinomas than in cultures of HD carcinomas. The ability of cultures to grow in repeated subcultivations was correlated to the number of transplant generations rather than to the transition from HD to HI growth in vivo.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF BONE AFTER RADIATION
Authors: ANGERVALL L. , JOHANSSON S. , KINDBLOM L.‐G. , SÄVE‐SÖDERBERGH J.
Published: August 2010

Two cases of primary malignant histiocytoma of bone after irradiation are reported. One tumour developed in the left ileal bone ten years after irradiation for cystadenocarcinoma of the left ovary. The other developed in the left mandible 26 years after irradiation for a »semi‐malignant« mixed tumour of the left parotid gland. Both tumours had a light microscopic picture of malignant fibrous histiocytoma as described in soft tissues. Fascicular, spindle‐cell areas resembling leiomyosarcoma were found in both tumours. Ultrastructurally the pelvic tumour was found to be composed of histiocytic and fibroblastic cells and some spindle‐shaped cells with abundance of myofilaments with dense body‐like structures, indistinguishable from spindle‐cells of leiomyomatous tumours. The light and electron microscopic observations suggest that a relationship exists between fibroblastic, histiocytic and leiomyomatous cell elements of bone and soft tissue tumours.
ALPHA‐1‐ANTITRYPSIN GLOBULES IN LIVERS FROM A MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY MATERIAL
Authors: REINTOFT INGERMARIE
Published: August 2010

In 32 of 179 consecutive medicolegal autopsies, diastase‐resistant, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive globules were found inside hepatocytes. Two types of globules were registered. The first type was found in 3 patients, the other in 26, and both in 3 patients. The first type of globules was mainly localized periportally and showed antigenicity for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A‐1‐AT), using the immunochemical staining method. The 6 subjects with the first type of globules can be assumed to have been carriers of the Z‐gene for A‐1‐AT, i.e. PiZZ or PiMZ. The frequency with which these globules are demonstrated suspests that they are to be found in most, maybe all, Z gene carriers. The other type of globules was localized mainly in the central parts of the hepatic lobules and showed antigenicity for immunoglobulin G in 28 of the 29 cases. These globules correspond to inclusions from plasma proteins. In 2 cases the last‐mentioned globules showed, in addition, antigenicity for A‐1‐AT. Such globules are of a differential diagnostic interest and are probably not related to A‐1‐AT deficiency. A comparison with a similar, previous study of a hospital autopsy material revealed no statistically significant difference in the frequency of subjects with A‐1‐AT globules in hepatocytes, but the mean age and the number of PAS positive globules were considerably lower in the present material.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BONE MARROW PLASMA CELLS OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA DURING THE CLINICAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE
Authors: BLOM JENS , HANSEN OLE PAASKE , MANSA BENDT
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructure of plasma cells from 65 consecutive bone marrow specimens from 13 patients with multiple myeloma is described. Biopsies were taken from 12 of the patients prior to and after initiation of treatment. The study was undertaken with the aim of correlating ultrastructural characteristics of the myeloma cells with biochemical and clinical parameters, including the survival time after treatment of the patients with cytostatics. Intranuclear inclusions were only seen in the cells of four patients, all of whom had rather long survival times. Two of these are still alive and, furthermore, their plasma cells are characterized by a low mean number of mitochondria in each sectioned cell studied, i.e. 7 and 14, respectively. Nuclear bodies were found in about 7 per cent of the plasma cells in biopsies taken before treatment was initiated. During treatment this percentage increased significantly to about 16 (2P = 0.004). A nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony was a characteristic feature of the ultrastructure of the myeloma cells. During treatment a significant increase from 34 to 54 per cent (2P = 0.03) was observed in the number of plasma cells with slight asynchrony. No correlation could be established between any ultrastructural features and the values obtained with clinical tests considered of major prognostic significance at the time of diagnosis, e.g. the concentrations of serum creatinine, haemoglobin, serum albumin and serum calcium.
PATTERN OF INTIMAL FOLDS AROUND INTERCOSTAL ARTERY ORIFICES IN RABBIT AORTA
Authors: SVENDSEN EINAR
Published: August 2010

The pattern of intimal folds was studied around intercostal artery orifices in rabbit aorta by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The area just proximal and distal to the orifices revealed a smooth surface lacking folds, reflected by a stretched internal elastic membrane which showed no undulation. Lateral as well as further proximal and distal well‐preserved folds were observed. It is reasonable to suppose that the pattern of intimal folds in this area reflects the special flow conditions prevailing in and at the intercostal artery orifices.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF ENKEPHALIN AND β‐ENDORPHIN IN ENDOCRINE TUMORS OF THE RECTUM
Authors: ALUMETS J. , FALKMER S. , GRIMELIUS L. , HÅKANSON R. , LJUNGBERG O. , SUNDLER F. , WILANDER E.
Published: August 2010

In a histopathological and immunocytochemical study of biopsy and/or operation specimens from 27 patients with endocrine tumors of the colon and rectum (»hind‐gut carcinoids«) enkephalin‐immunoreactive tumor cells were observed in two cases. Both patients were obese women, about 50 years of age, with a history of constipation. The tumors were situated near the anus in the dorsal wall of the rectum. One tumor had metastasized to a lymph node, and the other showed vascular invasion. The tumor cells were non‐argentaffin; some were argyrophil. One tumor contained only few enkephalinimmunoreactive cells but had numerous β‐endorphin‐immunoreactive cells, which were distinct from the former. The other contained large numbers of enkephalin‐immunoreactive cells but no β‐endorphin cells. Both tumors also harboured glucagon‐immunoreactive cells; in one there were also cells containing immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide. These cells were distinct from the enkephalin‐storing ones. No 5‐hydroxytryptamine could be detected in the two tumors.