bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale direct regeneration of LiFePO4@C based on spray drying
Authors: Zou Yongxing , Cao Jinwei , Li Hao , Wu Wanbao , Liang Yihong , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: December 2022

We present a scalable, cost-effective closed-loop regeneration process of spent LiFePO4, including homogenization, spray drying and sintering. The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.
Bending Drosophila larva using a microfluidic device enables imaging of its brain and nervous system at single neuronal resolution
Authors: Ghaemi Reza , Acker Meryl , Stosic Ana , Jacobs Roger , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi
Published: December 2022

A microfludic device for intact immobilization of live Drosophila larva for imaging its brain at single neuron resolution.
Two-dimensional magnetic Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures: a review on recent progress
Authors: Jiang Jiawei , Mi Wenbo
Published: December 2022

This review summarizes the recent progress in magnetic Janus monolayers, with special emphasis on the fundamental electronic structures, magnetic interactions and resulting novel phenomena.
Monitoring Cd2+ in oily wastewater using an aptamer-graphene field-effect transistor with a selective wetting surface
Authors: Wang Hao , Hao Zhuang , Huang Cong , Li Feiran , Pan Yunlu
Published: December 2022

An integrated system realizes the direct detection of Cd2+ in oily wastewater without sample collection and pretreatment.
ZnS–RGO nanocomposite structures: synthesis, characterization and field emission properties
Authors: Bansode Sanjeewani R. , More Mahendra A. , Sharma Rishi B.
Published: December 2022

Zinc sulphide–reduced graphene oxide (ZnS–RGO) nanocomposite structures with varying sulphur content were synthesized by a simple solvothermal process.
Silver(i) complexes containing heteroleptic diorganochalcogen(ii) ligands
Authors: Butuza Roxana A. , Dumitraş Darius , Bohan Cosmina , Pop Alexandra
Published: December 2022

New heteroleptic diorganochalcogen(ii) species of type (n-Bu)[4-{2-C6H5-(4H)-oxazol-5-one}C6H4]E (E = Se, S) were synthetized and their ability to coordinate to silver(i) salts was studied.
Carrier confinement and interband optical transitions in lead chalcogenide quantum wells, nanosheets, and nanoplatelets
Authors: Goupalov Serguei V.
Published: December 2022

In bulk lead salts, coupling between bands leads to appearance of two dispersion branches, one of which has imaginary wave numbers. Quantum confinement in one dimension results in emergence of 2D subbands whose dispersions are found analytically.
Hierarchical 2D–1D micelles self-assembled from the heterogeneous seeded-growth of rod-coil block copolymers
Authors: Zhang Chengyan , Gao Liang , Lin Jiaping , Wang Liquan
Published: December 2022

Building the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures through liquid-crystallization-driven self-assembly (LCDSA) is challenging. We reported the formation of 2D-1D (disk-cylinder) hybrid micelles by theoretical simulations.
Sodium complexes as precise tools for cutting polymer chains. Exploration of PLA degradation by unique cooperation of sodium centers
Authors: Nizioł Edyta , Jędrzkiewicz Dawid , Wiencierz Agata , Paś Wojciech , Trybuła Danuta , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Marszałek-Harych Aleksandra , Ejfler Jolanta
Published: December 2022

The challenge for the future of plastics is closed-loop plastic recycling and polymer waste degradation. The exploration of the structural nuances of the sodium compounds presented in this paper shows how to design “tools for cutting polymer chains”.
Optimizing the pore space of a robust nickel–organic framework for efficient C2H2/C2H4 separation
Authors: Liu Xiuping , Li Yue , Hao Chunlian , Fan Weidong , Liu Wei , Liu Jingquan , Wang Yijun
Published: December 2022

A robust nickel–organic framework (UPC-22) with intrinsic hydrogen bonds and one-dimensional functionalized channels for efficient purification of C2H4.
Gold-catalyzed formal (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions of alkynes to highly functionalized dihydropyrroles and tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Qian , Xu Tianyi , Zhang Congdi , Wang Chao , Wang Youliang
Published: December 2022

Gold-catalyzed formal (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions of readily available alkynes using amino but/pent-2-enoate derivatives as annulating reagents were developed, furnishing highly functionalized 2,3-dihydropyrroles and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines.
The viscosity of polyelectrolyte solutions and its dependence on their persistence length, concentration and solvent quality
Authors: Mayoral E. , Hernández Velázquez J. D. , Gama Goicochea A.
Published: December 2022

The viscosity of polyelectrolytes in solution is predicted as a function of their concentration, persistence length, salt concentration and solvent quality, using mesoscale simulations. The persistence length is key to increasing viscosity.
Selective and high-rate CO2 electroreduction by metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks: a computational and experimental hybrid approach
Authors: Kato Shintaro , Hashimoto Takuya , Iwase Kazuyuki , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji , Kamiya Kazuhide
Published: December 2022

Various metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks exhibit selective high-rate CO2 reduction activity, depending on the metal species. The selectivity and activity corresponded well to the computational adsorption strength of intermediates.
Anin situformed copolymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and high lithium-ion transference number for dendrite-free solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Ren Zhiheng , Li Jixiao , Cai Minghui , Yin Ruonan , Liang Jianneng , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Jiang Xiantao , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: December 2022

A copolymer electrolyte containing 1,3-dioxolane and 1,3,5-trioxane units was synthesized throughin situpolymerization and exhibits high ionic conductivity, a high lithium-ion transference number and stable cycling performance.
An anthraimidazoledione-based charge transfer probe for dual mode sensing of calcium ions: role of the counter ion in signal improvement
Authors: Dey Nilanjan
Published: December 2022

An anthraimidazoledione-based amphiphilic probe has been designed for dual-mode sensing of Ca2+ ions at physiological pH in a buffered medium.
Electrical characteristics and photodetection mechanism of TiO2/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure-based ultraviolet detectors with a Schottky junction
Authors: Zhan Teng , Sun Jianwen , Feng Tao , Zhang Yulong , Zhou Binru , Zhang Banghong , Wang Junxi , Sarro Pasqualina M. , Zhang Guoqi , Liu Zewen , Yi Xiaoyan , Li Jinmin
Published: December 2022

A novel type of Schottky junction-based heterostructure UV detector integrates a AlGaN/GaN 2DEG field-effect transistor and a Ti/AlGaN Schottky junction. SE, PF emission and FN tunneling mechanisms are observed when the device is working at different reverse bias voltages.
Amplification of dissymmetry factors by dihedral angle engineering in donor–acceptor type circularly polarized luminescence materials
Authors: Chen Xing-Yu , Li Ji-Kun , Zhao Wen-Long , Du Cheng-Zhuo , Li Meng , Chen Chuan-Feng , Wang Xiao-Ye
Published: December 2022

A new donor–acceptor type circularly polarized luminescence material has been developed, and a dihedral angle engineering strategy has been demonstrated for the first time to significantly amplify the luminescence dissymmetry factors.
A lanthanide-MOF based host–guest intelligent dual-stimulus response platform for naked-eye and ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of food freshness
Authors: Ji Chengshan , Zhang Jian , Fan Ruiqing , Chen Yinan , Zhang Yifan , Sun Tiancheng , Yang Yulin
Published: December 2022

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor, Flu@Eu-dbia, was self-assembled through host–guest interaction for the detection of tyramine. Distinguishable color change and the logic gate endowed Flu@Eu-dbia with great potential in food safety monitoring.
Construction of mouse cochlin mutants with different GAG-binding specificities and their use for immunohistochemistry
Authors: Murakami Karin , Tamura Ryo , Ikehara Sanae , Ota Hayato , Ichimiya Tomomi , Matsumoto Naoki , Matsubara Hisahiro , Nishihara Shoko , Ikehara Yuzuru , Yamamoto Kazuo
Published: December 2022

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a polysaccharide present on the cell surface as an extracellular matrix component, and is composed of repeating disaccharide units consisting of an amino sugar and uronic acid except in the case of the keratan sulfate. Sulfated GAGs, such as heparan sulfate, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate mediate signal transduction of growth factors, and their functions vary with the type and degree of sulfated modification. We have previously identified human and mouse cochlins as proteins that bind to sulfated GAGs. Here, we prepared a recombinant cochlin fused to human IgG-Fc or Protein A at the C-terminus as a detection and purification tag and investigated the ligand specificity of cochlin. We found that cochlin can be used as a specific probe for highly sulfated heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E. We then used mutant analysis to identify the mechanism by which cochlin recognizes GAGs and developed a GAG detection system using cochlin. Interestingly, a mutant lacking the vWA2 domain bound to various types of GAGs. The N-terminal amino acid residues of cochlin contributed to its binding to heparin. Pathological specimens from human myocarditis patients were stained with a cochlin-Fc mutant. The results showed that both tryptase-positive and tryptase-negative mast cells were stained with this mutant. The identification of detailed modification patterns of GAGs is an important method to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of various diseases. The method developed for evaluating the expression of highly sulfated GAGs will help understand the biological and pathological importance of sulfated GAGs in the future.
Our students learn science in school, but are we teaching them how to identify scientific misinformation?
Authors: Siani Alessandro , Hipkiss Charlotte V.
Published: December 2022

By hindering our ability to mount a swift and unified response to the challenges humanity is faced with, scientific misinformation poses an existential threat to our lives and civilization. To exemplify the detrimental effect of scientific misinformation on our collective response to current global challenges, the first section of this article discusses the impact of vaccine hesitancy and climate change denialism. This is followed by an evaluation of how critical aspects of the scientific method and the skills required to gauge the reliability of scientific sources are implemented in school curricula at the primary and secondary levels. The final section builds upon the previous two to provide suggestions on strategies to empower future generations with the scientific literacy and critical thinking skills required to rise up to the challenges they will undoubtedly be faced with.
The pleiotropic roles of eIF5A in cellular life and its therapeutic potential in cancer
Authors: Sfakianos Aristeidis Panagiotis , Raven Rebecca Mallory , Willis Anne Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Protein synthesis is dysregulated in the majority of cancers and this process therefore provides a good therapeutic target. Many novel anti-cancer agents are directed to target the initiation stage of translation, however, translation elongation also holds great potential as a therapeutic target. The elongation factor eIF5A that assists the formation of peptidyl bonds during the elongation process is of considerable interest in this regard. Overexpression of eIF5A has been linked with the development of a variety of cancers and inhibitors of the molecule have been proposed for anti-cancer clinical applications. eIF5A is the only protein in the cell that contains the post-translational modification hypusine. Hypusination is a two-step enzymatic process catalysed by the Deoxyhypusine Synthase (DHPS) and Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase (DOHH). In addition, eIF5A can be acetylated by p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) which leads to translocation of the protein to the nucleus and its deactivation. In addition to the nucleus, eIF5A has been found in the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with eIF5A localisation related to function from regulation of mitochondrial activity and apoptosis to maintenance of ER integrity and control of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Given the pleiotropic functions of eIF5A and by extension the hypusination enzymes, this system is being considered as a target for a range of cancers including multiple myeloma, B-Cell lymphoma, and neuroblastoma. In this review, we explore the role of eIF5A and discuss the therapeutic strategies that are currently developing both in the pre- and the clinical stage.
Mieux connaître les virus présents sur Terre grâce aux métagénomes
Authors: Olo Ndela Éric , Cobigo Louis-Marie , Roux Simon , Enault François
Published: December 2022

En dépit de leur très grand nombre, les virus qui peuplent l’environnement restent largement méconnus. Les approches de métagénomique ont permis depuis vingt ans de mieux connaître la composition des communautés virales naturelles, notamment les groupes viraux les plus fréquemment trouvés, et de lever peu à peu le voile sur l’étendue de leur diversité, révélant le grand nombre d’espèces, de genres et même de familles virales, pour la plupart identifiés pour la première fois. Au sein de ces groupes, le contenu en gènes, les hôtes infectés et les écosystèmes habités sont souvent cohérents avec l’histoire évolutive, reflet de l’origine très ancienne des virus et de leur très longue coévolution avec leurs hôtes, plus que de leur capacité à muter rapidement.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of γ-Amino Acid Precursors via Masked Acetaldehyde under Micellar Catalysis
Authors: Casacchia Maria Edith , Giorgianni Giuliana , Giansanti Luisa , Carlone Armando , Pesciaioli Fabio , Allegritti Elena
Published: December 2022

The development of micellar catalysis offers a sustainable alternative to organic solvents, and represents an environmental milestone in organic synthesis. Here, the first Michael addition of masked acetaldehyde under neutral, cationic and anionic micellar catalysis is reported, affording the products in high yields and enantiomeric excess, despite the use of water as solvent.
A gamma ray spectrometer with Compton suppression on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Zhang Y. P. , Zhang J. , Cheng S. K. , Zhu J. J. , Isobe M. , Zhang P. F. , Yuan G. L. , Zhan X. W. , Zhu Y. X. , Liu Yi , Shi Z. B. , Zhong W. L. , Xu M.
Published: December 2022

A new broad-energy, high-resolution gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) with Compton suppression function has been developed recently in the HL-2A tokamak to obtain the gamma ray information in the energy range of 0.1–10 MeV. This is the first time to develop an anti-Compton GRS for a magnetic confinement fusion device. The anticoincidence detector consists of a large-volume high purity germanium (HPGe) crystal (Φ63 × 63 mm2) as the primary detector and eight trapezoidal bismuth germinate (BGO) scintillators (trapezoid crystal with 30 mm thickness) as the secondary detector. The anti-coincidence data processing is implemented by a digital-based data acquisition system with fast digitization and software signal processing technology. Using radioisotope gamma ray sources and Monte Carlo N-Particle code, the energy and efficiency of the spectrometer have been calibrated and quantitatively tested. The Compton continuum suppression factor reaches 4.2, and the energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum) of the 1.332 MeV full energy peak for 60Co is 2.1 keV. Measurements of gamma ray spectra with Compton suppression using the spectrometer have been successfully performed during HL-2A discharges with different conditions. The performance of the spectrometer and the first experimental results are presented in this paper.
Effect of Zn2+ doping on thermal, structural, morphological, functional group, and electrochemical properties of layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material
Authors: Parajuli D. , Taddesse Paulos , Murali N. , Veeraiah V. , Samatha K.
Published: December 2022

The sol–gel method was used to synthesize Zn2+ doped LiNi0.8−xZnxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) cathode materials with crystallite sizes ranging from 20.36 to 56.25 nm. The thermal stability of all cathodes were characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and quantity of heat needed is calculated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Their structural, morphological and functional group analysis by XRD, FE-SEM, and FT-IR spectroscopy respectively. The electrochemical properties of two selected cathodes were also investigated via constant voltage, galvanostatic charge/discharge testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The TGA/DTA analysis identified the reaction, weight loss, and phase transformation regions of the precursors. The XRD analysis revealed that all the synthesized cathodes possessed a rhombohedra-hexagonal system with a layered crystalline phase (R3̄m space group). The formation of layered-type structures in all cathodes was also revealed by FT-IR analysis. The content of Zn2+ ions in LiNi0.8−xZnxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 had a significant impact on the structural parameters, such as lattice constants, cell volume, and crystallite size of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. The level of cation mixing and layered structure of all samples were found to be 1.22–1.38 and 4.9827–5.0195, respectively, indicating that all samples possessed minimal cation mixing and a well-defined layered structure. Such behaviors are important for obtaining improved cyclic performance from these kinds of cathode materials. Agglomerated and porous structure morphology with a grain size from 200 to 320 nm was observed via FE-SEM. The initial discharge capabilities for the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 and LiNi0.77Zn0.03Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes were found to be 214.84 and 233.57 mAh g−1, respectively, at a 0.1 C current rate between 3.0 and 4.6 V. This revealed that the discharge capacity of the pristine LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode was significantly increased by doping Zn2+ with an x = 0.03 content, which is higher than the previously reported LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode.
Hybrid perovskites under pressure: Present and future directions
Authors: Celeste Anna , Capitani Francesco
Published: December 2022

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have emerged as outstanding candidates for high-performance photovoltaic devices, and a large variety of HOIPs has been synthesized with different compositions and structural motifs. However, issues remain about their stability and optimization for applications, motivating studies to provide better insight into understanding the structure-property relationship. The application of pressure has proven to be a valuable tool to reach this goal without altering the chemical composition. Indeed, through compression, the atomic and electronic structures of HOIPs can be both finely tuned and dramatically changed, leading to bandgap reduction, phase transitions, and even semiconductor-to-metal transition. In this Perspective, we first provide a general overview of HOIPs, introducing their structure and properties at ambient conditions, focusing only on fully hybrid metal halide perovskites, and thus neglecting the inorganic counterparts. Second, we review and summarize the findings of previous high-pressure research works on these materials, highlighting the common patterns in their high-pressure behavior. We then give an outlook of the main gaps in present work that needs to be filled in our opinion and suggest possible future directions for high-pressure research program on HOIPs. Finally, we provide a first example of such future investigations presenting a preliminary high-pressure low-temperature phase diagram of MAPbBr3 established through synchrotron x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.
Recovering obstacles from their traveling times
Authors: Gurfinkel T. , Noakes L. , Stoyanov L.
Published: December 2022

Noakes and Stoyanov [Mathematics 9, 2434 (2021)] introduced a method of recovering strictly convex planar obstacles from their set of traveling times. We provide an extension of this construction for obstacles on Riemannian surfaces under some general curvature conditions. It is required that no smooth geodesic intersects more than two obstacles.
Perspectives on determinism in quantum mechanics: Born, Bohm, and the “Quantal Newtonian” laws
Authors: Sahni Viraht
Published: December 2022

Quantum mechanics has a deterministic Schrödinger equation for the wave function. The Göttingen–Copenhagen statistical interpretation is based on the Born Rule that interprets the wave function as a “probability amplitude.” A precept of this interpretation is the lack of determinism in quantum mechanics. The Bohm interpretation is that the wave function is a source of a field experienced by the electrons, thereby attributing determinism to quantum theory. In this paper, we present a new perspective on such determinism. The ideas are based on the equations of motion or “Quantal Newtonian” Laws obeyed by each electron. These Laws, derived from the temporal and stationary-state Schrödinger equation, are interpreted in terms of “classical” fields whose sources are quantal expectations of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. According to the Second Law, each electron experiences an external field—the quantal Coulomb-Lorentz law. It also experiences an internal field representative of properties of the system: correlations due to Coulomb repulsion and Pauli principle; the density; kinetic effects; and an internal magnetic field component. There is a response field. The First Law states that the sum of the external and internal fields experienced by each electron vanishes. These fields are akin to those of classical physics: They pervade all space; their structure is descriptive of the quantum system; the energy of the system is stored in these fields. It is in the classical behavior of these fields, which arise from quantal sources that one may then speak of determinism in quantum mechanics.
Ferroelectric memristor based on Li-doped BiFeO3 for information processing
Authors: Wang Lulu , Sun Jiameng , Zhang Yinxing , Niu Jiangzhen , Zhao Zhen , Guo Zhenqiang , Zhang Zixuan , Shao Yiduo , Sun Shiqing , Jia Xiaotong , Han Xu , Yan Xiaobing
Published: December 2022

As a nanoscale semiconductor memory device, a ferroelectric memristor has promising prospects to break through the von Neumann framework in terms of artificial synaptic function, information processing, and integration. This study presents the fabrication of Li0.09Bi0.91FeO3 as the functional layer for a memristor device based on the Si substrate, enabling the integration of silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. In addition, it exhibits bipolar resistance switching characteristics in a direct current mode and can rapidly achieve stable conductance tunability at higher frequencies through the applied pulse for biosynapse simulation. More importantly, multiple devices are connected into electrical circuits to realize storage functions with information processing and programmable characteristics. This work paves the way for near-future applications of ferroelectric memristors in information processing.
Electrospray beam currents in the cone-jet mode based on numerical simulation
Authors: Suo Xiaochen , Zhang Kai , Huang Xiaobo , Wang Dian , Jia Hongyu , Yang Fan , Zhang Wensheng , Li Jiahui , Tu Liangcheng , Song Peiyi
Published: December 2022

Electrospray technology is widely used in many technological areas. The beam current of electrospray is an important parameter since it directly associates with the electrohydrodynamic behavior of the cone jet and can be precisely measured. Although how the beam current changes with other variables has been theoretically and experimentally researched, the accurate prediction of the current is still difficult. Particularly, for liquids with high electrical conductivity, Ohmic conduction is a major component of the beam current, but it is ignored in many theoretical models. In this study, the beam current components are investigated via numerical simulation developed based on hydrodynamics and electrostatics equations. Consideration of both convection and conduction currents of the cone jet affords a more accurate calculation of the total beam current. Moreover, an interpolation method is employed to solve the charge “escape” problem, providing a more accurate calculation of charges as well as the currents. The results of the numerical model are validated against experimental results, showing good agreement regarding the meniscus shape and droplet diameters. For a highly conductive ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, the simulated beam current also shows good agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum error of 13%. Using the improved simulation model, temperature-induced beam current fluctuations are investigated to understand how an electrospray thruster behaves with temperature variations.
Enhanced molecular orientation via NIR-delay-THz scheme: Experimental results at room temperature
Authors: Damari Ran , Beer Amit , Flaxer Eli , Fleischer Sharly
Published: December 2022

Light-induced orientation of gas phase molecules is a long-pursued goal in physics and chemistry. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a six-fold increase in the terahertz-induced orientation of iodomethane (CH3I) molecules at room temperature, provided by rotational pre-excitation with a moderately intense near-IR pulse. The paper highlights the underlying interference of multiple coherent transition pathways within the rotational coherence manifold and is analyzed accordingly. Our experimental and theoretical results provide desirable and practical means for all-optical experiments on oriented molecular ensembles.
Morphology transitions of twisted ribbons: Dependence on tension and geometry
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Lei , Yan Zhi , He Yuming , Dunstan David J. , Liu Dabiao
Published: December 2022

Slender ribbons can be stretched, bent, and twisted, exhibiting a range of complex morphologies. We study the morphology transitions of a ribbon subjected to tension and torsion by combining experiment and theory. A unified phase diagram as a function of torque and aspect ratio is constructed by comparing the microscopic and macroscopic buckling. Two distinct types of shape evolutions are identified. For the twist of a wide ribbon, the shape transforms from a helicoid through a crease to a cylinder. However, for a narrow ribbon under torsion, no crease occurs. The mechanical behavior of the stretched and twisted ribbon is described based on an energy method. It is found that the succession of transformations for the morphologies strongly depends on the aspect ratio and tension. This study sheds light on understanding the morphological complexity of a constrained slender structure.
Numerical investigation of the wake transition and aerodynamic efficiency of the two-dimensional propulsive wing
Authors: Lu Jiaxin , Lu Yang , Ma Jinchao , Wang Junjie
Published: December 2022

The propulsive wing is a new concept wing of automatic propulsion with high lift coefficients and has great application value in plant protection and forest fire control. The propulsive wing wake is a reverse Bénard–von Kármán (RBvK) vortex street, which is considered a thrust-generating wake. The wake structure will change greatly at high angles of attack and lead to changes in the aerodynamic performance of the propulsive wing. To explore the optimal working range and the wake characteristics of the propulsive wing, the wake transition and aerodynamic efficiency of the propulsive wing in cruise are numerically studied. The results indicate that there are three types of structures for the propulsive wing wake. When α ≤ 20°, the wake transits from the RBvK vortex street to the critical state with the increase in cruise speed, and the Strouhal number approaches 1.9. The critical wake region decreases gradually with the increase in the angle of attack. The maximum propulsive efficiency is 0.17 at a cruise speed of 15 m/s. When α > 20°, the wake transits directly from the RBvK vortex street to the Bénard–von Kármán (BvK) vortex street and the Strouhal number approaches 0.34. The maximum propulsive efficiency appears at a cruise speed of 10 m/s, which is close to the BvK vortex street boundary. Before entering the stall state, the lift efficiency of the propulsive wing increases with the increase in cruise speed and angle of attack, up to 3–5.
The study of contact properties in edge-contacted graphene–aluminum Josephson junctions
Authors: Huang Zhujun , Lotfizadeh Neda , Elfeky Bassel H. , Kisslinger Kim , Cuniberto Edoardo , Yu Peng , Hatefipour Mehdi , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Shabani Javad , Shahrjerdi Davood
Published: December 2022

Transparent contact interfaces in superconductor–graphene hybrid systems are critical for realizing superconducting quantum applications. Here, we examine the effect of the edge contact fabrication process on the transparency of the superconducting aluminum–graphene junction. We show significant improvement in the transparency of our superconductor–graphene junctions by promoting the chemical component of the edge contact etch process. Our results compare favorably with state-of-the-art graphene Josephson junctions. The findings of our study contribute to advancing the fabrication knowledge of edge-contacted superconductor–graphene junctions.
Influence of turbulent incoming flow on aerodynamic behaviors of train at 90° yaw angle
Authors: Xue Ru-Dai , Xiong Xiao-Hui , Li Xiao-Bai , Chen Guang
Published: December 2022

Turbulent incoming flow conditions are closely matched to the crosswinds experienced by trains in windy areas. Therefore, it is important to investigate how the turbulent inflow affects the flow dynamics around a train. The aerodynamic characteristics of a 1:8-scaled high-speed train at a 90° yaw angle were studied based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) turbulence model. Four incoming flow conditions were set using a synthetic eddy method (SEM) turbulent generator, including uniform, Lu = 0.5H, Lu = 1H, and Lu = 2H inflow (Lu is turbulence integral length scale and H is reference height). The aerodynamic loads, surface pressure, mean vorticity, vortex structure, velocity deficit, turbulence characteristics, Reynold stresses, turbulence production term, and anisotropy of turbulence were thoroughly analyzed. Turbulent inflow and increasing inflow Lu increased the standard deviation of the aerodynamic loads on the train. A crisis of inflow Lu appeared around 0.5H, meaning the rolling moment and overturning moment were largest under this crisis condition. Turbulent inflow caused vortices on the train's leeward side to come closer to the train, increasing the vorticity thickness and shortening the back flow region. The Reynolds stresses on the train's leeward side under turbulent inflow conditions were strengthened. The spectrum-proper orthogonal decomposition method was used to analyze the dominant mode within the train's leeward region and the corresponding energy distribution in the frequency domain. The aerodynamic admittance function was used to investigate the frequency characteristics of the aerodynamic loads on the train.
Development and growth of Planigale tenuirostris (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in the laboratory.
Authors: Read D. G.
Published: December 2022

Development and growth of Planigale tenuirostris are described with data for three litters bred in the laboratory. Growth curves were constructed for the length of head plus body, tail, head and foot; the width of head and scrotum and the body weight for the period from birth to 200 days old. A regression equation is given that predicts age during the first 30 days of life. The young of P. tenuirostris first detached from the teats at 36 days, had their eyes open at 51 days and were weaned at 95 days. Field data on development are in agreement with those for the laboratory individuals. Features of development, growth and maternal nesting behaviour are compared with those known for other small dasyurids.
Antibody feedback contributes to facilitating the development of Omicron-reactive memory B cells in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinees
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Shinnakasu Ryo , Kawai Chie , Yamamoto Hiromi , Sakakibara Shuhei , Ono Chikako , Itoh Yumi , Terooatea Tommy , Yamashita Kazuo , Okamoto Toru , Hashii Noritaka , Ishii-Watabe Akiko , Butler Noah S. , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Matsumoto Hisatake , Otsuka Shinya , Hiraoka Kei , Teshima Takanori , Murakami Masaaki , Kurosaki Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

In contrast to a second dose of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, a third dose elicits potent neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. To address the underlying mechanism for this differential antibody response, we examined spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)–specific memory B cells in vaccinated individuals. Frequency of Omicron-reactive memory B cells increased ∼9 mo after the second vaccine dose. These memory B cells show an altered distribution of epitopes from pre-second memory B cells, presumably due to an antibody feedback mechanism. This hypothesis was tested using mouse models, showing that an addition or a depletion of RBD-induced serum antibodies results in a concomitant increase or decrease, respectively, of Omicron-reactive germinal center (GC) and memory B cells. Our data suggest that pre-generated antibodies modulate the selection of GC and subsequent memory B cells after the second vaccine dose, accumulating more Omicron-reactive memory B cells over time, which contributes to the generation of Omicron-neutralizing antibodies elicited by the third vaccine dose.
Tunable Schottky contact at the graphene/Janus SMoSiN2 interface for high-efficiency electronic devices
Authors: Nguyen Son-Tung , Nguyen Cuong Q , Sin Ang Yee , Phuc Huynh V , Hieu Nguyen N , Hiep Nguyen T , Hung Nguyen M , Phuong Le T T , Hieu Nguyen V , Nguyen Chuong V
Published: December 2022

The electrical contacts formed between the channel materials and the electrodes play a vital role in the design and fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices. In this work we propose combining metallic single-layer graphene (SLG) and a Janus SMoSiN2 semiconductor and investigate the electronic properties and contact types of the combined heterostructures (HTSs) using first-principles calculations. The effects of electric fields and interlayer coupling are also examined. The combined SLG/SMoSiN2 and SLG/N2SiMoS HTSs are both structurally and thermodynamically stable at equilibrium interlayer coupling. The combination between SLG and a Janus SMoSiN2 semiconductor generates a p-type or n-type Schottky contact, depending on the stacking configuration. The SLG/SMoSiN2 HTS generates a p-type Schottky contact while the SLG/N2SiMoS HTS forms an n-type one. Furthermore, applied electric field and strain can adjust the electronic features and contact types of the HTSs. An applied negative electric field and tensile strain lead to conversion from a p-type to an n-type Schottky contact in the SLG/SMoSiN2 stacking configuration, whereas a positive electric field and compressive strain give a transformation from an n-type to a p-type Schottky contact in the SLG/N2SiMoS stacking configuration. Our findings provide rational evidence for the fabrication and design of electrical and optical devices based on SLG/SMoSiN2 HTSs.
A parametric study of 3D PTV algorithms based on a two-view collimated imaging model
Authors: Wang Q , Zhu H J , Zhao C Y
Published: December 2022

Volumetric Lagrangian measurements of droplet or turbulent flow using particle tracking methods have attracted intensive attention recently. The performance of three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV) is highly reliant on the algorithms. Most existing 3D PTV algorithms are developed for multi-view systems, which cannot be applied directly to two-view systems due to the insufficient geometry constraints. In the current study, three different 3D PTV algorithms applicable for two-view systems are investigated parametrically using synthetic data. The imaging model is established on a two-view collimated shadowgraph imaging setup, which features a high framing rate, large test volume and long depth focus. The performances of the three algorithms are tested under different image particle densities and displacement–spacing ratios. The correctness of 3D reconstruction and tracking, as well as the number of ghost particles, are obtained and compared comprehensively. The results indicate that significant improvement is achieved through the dedicated designed algorithms. The comparative study reveals the potential of each algorithm with extremely limited geometry constraints in two-view systems, which may serve as guidance for choosing appropriate algorithms under different test conditions.
A reversed form of public goods game: equivalence and difference
Authors: Wang Chaoqian , Szolnoki Attila
Published: December 2022

According to the public goods game (PGG) protocol, participants decide freely whether they want to contribute to a common pool or not, but the resulting benefit is distributed equally. A conceptually similar dilemma situation may emerge when participants consider if they claim a common resource but the related cost is covered equally by all group members. The latter establishes a reversed form of the original public goods game (R-PGG). In this work, we show that R-PGG is equivalent to PGG in several circumstances, starting from the traditional analysis, via the evolutionary approach in unstructured populations, to Monte Carlo simulations in structured populations. However, there are also cases when the behavior of R-PGG could be surprisingly different from the outcome of PGG. When the key parameters are heterogeneous, for instance, the results of PGG and R-PGG could be diverse even if we apply the same amplitudes of heterogeneity. We find that the heterogeneity in R-PGG generally impedes cooperation, while the opposite is observed for PGG. These diverse system reactions can be understood if we follow how payoff functions change when introducing heterogeneity in the parameter space. This analysis also reveals the distinct roles of cooperator and defector strategies in the mentioned games. Our observations may hopefully stimulate further research to check the potential differences between PGG and R-PGG due to the alternative complexity of conditions.
The evolution of topological singularities between real- and complex-frequency domains and the engineering of photonic bands for Hermitian and non-Hermitian photonic crystals
Authors: Liu Yufu , Xiong Langlang , Jiang Xunya
Published: December 2022

Singularity annihilation, generation, and evolving (SAGE) lead to the topological phase transition (TPT) in electronic, photonic and acoustic systems. Traditionally the singularity study of Hermitian systems is only focused on the real frequency domain. In this work, we systematically investigate the complicated SAGE in complex frequency domain (CFD) for one-dimensional (1D) Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems and a more general picture is revealed. First, we study the abnormal phenomenon that one singularity evolves from the first band to the zero frequency and then into the pure imaginary frequency for Hermitian 1D photonic crystals (PhCs). New results, e.g. the general condition for the singularity at zero frequency, the stricter definition of the Zak phase of first band and the phenomenon that more singularities are pushed from first band into the imaginary frequency, are found. Second, a general evolving picture of SAGE in CFD for Hermitian systems is constructed. Complicated processes of singularities in CFD are observed, such as the SAGE not only on the real frequency axis but also on the imaginary frequency axis, the closed evolving loops for singularities which connected imaginary-frequency axis and real-frequency axis. Even more, when the PhCs is degenerated since the permittivity on one kind layer becomes same as the neighbor layer, the singularities on the integral reduced frequency will move to infinite far away and come back with half-integral shift. Third, when gain or absorption is introduced in, the SAGE on a tilted axis is also observed. The phenomenon of one singularity moving back to real frequency axis for non-Hermitian systems means that the stable states with resonance could be realized. Such complicated and general singularity evolving picture in CFD opens a new window for the studies of TPT and the rich new topological phenomena could be expected. Besides the theoretical importance, the evolution of singularity can also be used to engineer the band properties of PhCs. Some novel applications, such as the super-broadband sub-wavelength high-transmission layered structure and the broadband deep-sub-wavelength absorber, are proposed.
Complementary relations between l

p
norm coherence and mixedness of quantum states
Authors: Sun Liu , Tao Yuan-Hong , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: December 2022

As an important resource, quantum coherence is one of the fundamental features of the quantum world. It is essential to understand the relationship between the resource and the mixedness of an open quantum system. We present complementary relations between the l

p

(
1
⩽
p
<
2
)

norm of coherence and the normalized linear entropy mixedness. We then study the geometry of the complementary relations for Bell-diagonal states, as well as the evolutions of Werner and isotropic states under bit flip, phase flip, bit-phase flip, depolarizing, generalized amplitude damping and amplitude damping channels. Our results include some existing conclusions as special cases.
Independent bilateral-eye stimulation for gaze pattern recognition based on steady-state pupil light reflex
Authors: Sato Ariki , Nakatani Shintaro
Published: December 2022

Objective: recently, pupil oscillations synchronized with steady visual stimuli were used as input for an interface. The proposed system, inspired by a brain-computer interface based on steady-state visual evoked potentials, does not require contact with the participant. However, the pupil oscillation mechanism limits the stimulus frequency to 2.5 Hz or less, making it hard to enhance the information transfer rate (ITR). Approach: here, we compared multiple conditions for stimulation to increase the ITR of the pupil vibration-based interface, which were called monocular-single, monocular-superposed, and binocular-independent conditions. The binocular-independent condition stimulates each eye at different frequencies respectively and mixes them by using the visual stereoscopic perception of users. The monocular-superposed condition stimulates both eyes by a mixed signal of two different frequencies. We selected the shape of the stimulation signal, evaluated the amount of spectral leakage in the monocular-superposed and binocular-independent conditions, and compared the power spectrum density at the stimulation frequency. Moreover, 5, 10, and 15 patterns of stimuli were classified in each condition. Main results: a square wave, which causes an efficient pupil response, was used as the stimulus. Spectral leakage at the beat frequency was higher in the monocular-superposed condition than in the binocular-independent one. The power spectral density of stimulus frequencies was greatest in the monocular-single condition. Finally, we could classify the 15-stimulus pattern, with ITRs of 14.4 (binocular-independent, using five frequencies), 14.5 (monocular-superimposed, using five frequencies), and 23.7 bits min−1 (monocular-single, using 15 frequencies). There were no significant differences for the binocular-independent and monocular-superposed conditions. Significance: this paper shows a way to increase the number of stimuli that can be simultaneously displayed without decreasing ITR, even when only a small number of frequencies are available. This could lead to the provision of an interface based on pupil oscillation to a wider range of users.
An Optimization Scheme of Water Resources Allocation Based on the Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Yin Weiqi , Li Xiaojie , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Luping , Liu Dingkun , Zhang Huanyao
Published: December 2022

Climate change will exacerbate water scarcity, as warmer temperatures will increase evaporation from soil and water surfaces, raising crop water requirements, and consumers’ demand for energy will increase at higher temperatures, with a concomitant increase in demand for cooling water. Therefore, water scarcity has evolved into a global issue, most notably in the Colorado Basin. As the climate changes, the future of the Colorado River becomes even more tragic. The river’s water levels are dropping year after year, while the water needs of the surrounding urban development are increasing, in what seems to be an endless cycle. At the same time, the entire southwestern United States may be in an unprecedented resource crisis as a result. Therefore, we have modeled water supply, demand, and allocation scenarios and constructed a water allocation model using the Colorado Basin water allocation as an example, combining Lake Mead, Lake Powell, and the agricultural, industrial, and residential demand for water and electricity in five states. To better achieve the optimal balance between the economy and the environment, we set three objectives: economic efficiency, regional surplus water, and total regional electricity generation, and solved the problem using a particle swarm algorithm. By solving the Colorado Basin water allocation problem, we explore a feasible solution with high generalization capability that can be applied in the future to scenarios of rational water allocation in multiple regions around the world.
On the boundary regularity of solutions of linear elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Yu Xuemei
Published: December 2022

Regularity refers to the properties of the solution, including the smoothness, symmetry, and asymptotic of the solution. It is an important part of the theoretical study of partial differential equations. It plays a key role in the existence, uniqueness, stability, and smoothness of the theoretical solutions of partial differential equations. It is an important basis for understanding the nature of partial differential equations and their corresponding physical reality. This paper studies the boundary regularity of elliptic partial differential equations, including the problem of the oblique boundary of completely nonlinear equations. It is well known that the regularity of the solution at the region boundary depends not only on the equation, but also on the geometric properties of the region boundary. This is why boundary regularity is complicated. This paper is to obtain the regularity of the solution at the region boundary under different boundary conditions.
Prediction of Aging Population in Guangdong Province Based on Metabolic GM (1,1) Model
Authors: Zhao Zhiqin , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2022

With the deepening of reform and opening up, Guangdong’s economic vitality continues to be maintained. People’s living standards and medical conditions have further improved, the population’s life expectancy has gradually increased, and the aging of the population has intensified. With the data of the elderly population aged 65 and above in Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2020, a metabolic GM (1,1) model is established based on the grey system theory, and the predictive value of the established model is tested. The results show: Q= 0.005189 ≤ 0.01; the mean square deviation ratio c= 0.064 ≤ 0.35; the test accuracy of the model is class I. The metabolic GM (1,1) model predicts that the population aged 65 and over in Guangdong Province will continue to increase in the next five years, and the problem of population aging is still severe. Therefore, it is necessary to change the situation. In the past, solutions to population aging only focused on the aspects of changing the population policy and the pension system. Now, we should fully consider the interrelationship of population aging on economic growth, savings and consumption, macroeconomic balance, and other indicators. We should actively respond to the urgent reality of the population aging in Guangdong with a systematic strategy.