bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal features of permafrost thaw projected from long‐term high‐resolution modeling for a region in the Hudson Bay Lowlands in Canada
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: February 2013

Although studies agree that climate warming will cause permafrost thaw, projected permafrost conditions differ widely, and most projections use half degree latitude/longitude or coarser spatial resolution. Using a process‐based model, this study projected changes of permafrost from 2010 to 2200 at 30 m by 30 m resolution for a region in the northwest of the Hudson Bay Lowlands in Canada. This long‐term spatially detailed modeling revealed some general features of permafrost dynamics with climate warming. Temporally, permafrost degradation at a site can be divided into five stages: gradual‐thawing stage, increased‐thawing stage, frequent‐talik stage, isothermal‐permafrost stage, and permafrost‐free stage. This study determined the beginning or ends of the stages for each grid cell and mapped the degradation stages in this region. Spatially, permafrost was predicted to become increasingly discontinuous with climate warming. By the end of the 22nd century, only 20% to 65% of the land area in this region will be underlain by permafrost. With the formation of taliks, the maximum summer thaw depth will increase significantly, and near‐surface permafrost will disappear in many areas while permafrost at depth can persist for decades. Thus, the spatial distribution of near‐surface permafrost and permafrost at depth can be very different. This study also shows that climate scenarios, the depth of permafrost considered, spatial resolution and associated ground conditions used for modeling could cause significant differences in permafrost projections.
Case report: Severe disseminated adenovirus infection in a neonate following water birth delivery
Authors: Soileau Stacey L. , Schneider Eileen , Erdman Dean D. , Lu Xiaoyan , Ryan William D. , McAdams Ryan M.
Published: February 2013

Adenovirus infections are a common cause of respiratory and enteric illnesses of late infancy and childhood. In neonates, adenovirus infections are rare, carrying a high morbidity and mortality rate. We present a case of infant who developed severe pneumonia and disseminated adenoviral infection following water birth delivery to a mother with gastroenteritis. The infant's infection was due to an adenovirus strain that has not been previously reported in neonates. J. Med. Virol. 85:667–669, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viewing angle switchable blue‐phase liquid crystal display with low voltage and high transmittance
Authors: Yuan Ling , Cui Jian‐Peng , Li Da‐Hai , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: February 2013

We propose a viewing angle switchable blue‐phase liquid crystal display with low voltage and high transmittance. In this device, in‐plane protrusions are used to lower operating voltage and improve the transmittance. Besides, the top electrode can control viewing angle of the proposed display. When no voltage is applied to the top electrode, the display shows wide viewing angle mode. On the contrary, this display shows narrow viewing angle mode. So, this device exhibits low operating voltage, high transmittance, and good viewing angle controllable characteristics.
Advances in endoscopic management of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation
Authors: Arain Mustafa A. , Attam Rajeev , Freeman Martin L.
Published: February 2013

Biliary tract complications after liver transplantation (LT) most commonly include biliary leaks, strictures, and stone disease. Living donor recipients and donation after cardiac death recipients are at an increased risk of developing biliary complications. Biliary leaks usually occur early after transplantation, whereas strictures and stone disease occur later. The diagnosis of biliary complications relies on a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and imaging modalities. Biliary leaks are usually diagnosed on the basis of bilious output from a surgical drain, fluid collections on imaging, or a cholescintigraphy scan demonstrating a leak. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is noninvasive, does not require the administration of an intravenous contrast agent, and provides detailed imaging of the entire biliary system both above and below the anastomosis. The latter not only helps in the diagnosis of biliary strictures and stones before patients undergo invasive procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) but also allows treating physicians to plan the optimal treatment approach. MRCP has, therefore, replaced invasive therapeutic modalities such as ERCP as the modality of choice for the diagnosis of biliary strictures and stones. There have been significant advances in endoscopic accessories, including biliary catheters, wires, and stents, as well as endoscopic technologies such as overtube-assisted endoscopy over the last decade. These developments have resulted in almost all patients, including those with difficult strictures or altered surgical anatomies (eg, Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy), being treated via an endoscopic approach with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, which is more invasive and associated with significant morbidity, with surgery being reserved for a small minority of patients. Advances in the diagnosis and endoscopic management of patients with biliary complications after LT are discussed in this review. Liver Transpl 19:482–498, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
A nonperturbative solution of the nonlinear BBGKY hierarchy for marginal correlation operators
Authors: Gerasimenko V.I. , Polishchuk D.O.
Published: February 2013

We consider the problem of the rigorous description of nonequilibrium quantum correlations. Within the framework of an alternative approach to the description of the evolution of states of finitely many particles in terms of correlation operators governed by the von Neumann hierarchy, we derive the nonlinear quantum Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy for marginal correlation operators that is adopted to the description of quantum infinite‐particle systems as well. A nonperturbative solution of the Cauchy problem of the nonlinear quantum BBGKY hierarchy for marginal correlation operators is constructed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of the neurochemical profile using simulated macromolecule resonances at 3 T
Authors: Schaller Benoît , Xin Lijing , Cudalbu Cristina , Gruetter Rolf
Published: February 2013

The broad resonances underlying the entire 1H NMR spectrum of the brain, ascribed to macromolecules, can influence metabolite quantification. At the intermediate field strength of 3 T, distinct approaches for the determination of the macromolecule signal, previously used at either 1.5 or 7 T and higher, may become equivalent. The aim of this study was to evaluate, at 3 T for healthy subjects using LCModel, the impact on the metabolite quantification of two different macromolecule approaches: (i) experimentally measured macromolecules; and (ii) mathematically estimated macromolecules. Although small, but significant, differences in metabolite quantification (up to 23% for glutamate) were noted for some metabolites, 10 metabolites were quantified reproducibly with both approaches with a Cramer–Rao lower bound below 20%, and the neurochemical profiles were therefore similar. We conclude that the mathematical approximation can provide sufficiently accurate and reproducible estimation of the macromolecule contribution to the 1H spectrum at 3 T. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful treatment of pediatric plasmacytoid dendritic cell tumors with a contemporary regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wright Karen D. , Onciu Mihaela M. , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Campana Dario , Raimondi Susana C. , Inaba Hiroto , Ribeiro Raul , Pui Ching‐Hon , Sandlund John T.
Published: February 2013

Dendritic cell leukemia (DCL) or hematodermic tumor is an uncommon subtype of acute leukemia. In contrast to adult cases, children tend to have a less aggressive course. The diagnosis of DCL should be considered when its characteristic morphologic features are present and leukemic cells co‐express CD4 and CD56. Cases of DCL among pediatric patients have been reported to respond to therapeutic regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but details regarding the specifics of therapy are lacking. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E38–E41. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prompt administration of antibiotics is associated with improved outcomes in febrile neutropenia in children with cancer
Authors: Fletcher Matthew , Hodgkiss Hailey , Zhang Song , Browning Rachel , Hadden Colleen , Hoffman Tanja , Winick Naomi , McCavit Timothy L.
Published: February 2013

Background

Time‐to‐antibiotic (TTA) administration is a widely used quality‐of‐care measure for children with cancer and febrile neutropenia (FN). We sought to determine whether TTA is associated with outcomes of FN.

Procedure

A single‐center, retrospective cohort study was conducted of 1,628 FN admissions from 653 patients from 2001 to 2009. Outcome variables included (1) an adverse event (AE) composite of in‐hospital mortality, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission within 24 hours of presentation, and/or fluid resuscitation ≥40 ml/kg within 24 hours of presentation and (2) length of stay (LOS). TTA was measured as a continuous variable and in 60‐minute intervals. Mixed regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of TTA with the outcome variables after adjusting for relevant covariates including cancer diagnosis, degree of myelosuppression, and presence of bacteremia.

Results

The composite AE outcome occurred in 11.1% of admissions including 0.7% in‐hospital mortality, 4.7% PICU admission, and 10.1% fluid resuscitation. In univariate analysis, TTA was associated with the composite AE outcome (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.64) but not LOS. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for relevant covariates, 60‐minute TTA intervals were associated with the composite AE outcome (61–120 minutes vs. ≤60 minutes, OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.01–3.26). Unexpectedly, admission from the emergency department (ED) was also independently associated with the composite AE outcome (ED vs. clinic, OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.95–5.09).

Conclusions

TTA and presentation to the ED are independently associated with poor outcomes of FN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1299–1306. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring barriers and facilitators to clinical trial enrollment in the context of sickle cell anemia and hydroxyurea
Authors: Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Sidonio Robert F. , DeBaun Michael R. , Safford Monika M. , Howard Thomas H. , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: February 2013

Background

Several sickle cell clinical trials have closed due to inability to enroll patients. To limit the early cessation of a proposed clinical trial due to low accrual rates, we sought to better understand barriers and facilitators to enrolling parents of children with sickle cell anemia (SCD) into clinical trials.

Procedure

Focus groups (n = 3) were conducted with parents/guardians (n = 14) who had not previously been recruited for a clinical trial and were not administering hydroxyurea to their children.

Results

Three main themes related to barriers to clinical trial enrollment were identified during analysis of focus groups: general barriers to health related research (general mistrust of research studies, emotional and practical concerns), barriers to trial design (randomization), and barriers to hydroxyurea (long term unknown risks, cancer, myelosuppressive effects). Facilitators identified were need for more education, including request for peer education, and improved explanation of clinical trials or study rationale.

Conclusion

Engagement of parents/guardians of children with SCD in identifying barriers and facilitators to clinical trial enrollment may be critical to the development of strategies to enhance SCD trial completion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1333–1337. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relevance of historical therapeutic approaches to the contemporary treatment of pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Kun Larry E. , Matthay Katherine K. , Meadows Anna T. , Meyer William H. , Meyers Paul A. , Spunt Sheri L. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M.
Published: February 2013

Children with solid tumors, most of which are malignant, have an excellent prognosis when treated on contemporary regimens. These regimens, which incorporate chemotherapeutic agents and treatment modalities used for many decades, have evolved to improve relapse‐free survival and reduce long‐term toxicity. This review discusses the evolution of the treatment regimens employed for management of the most common solid tumors, emphasizing the similarities between contemporary and historical regimens. These similarities allow the use of historical patient cohorts to identify the late effects of successful therapy and to evaluate remedial interventions for these adverse effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1083–1094. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival following disease recurrence of primary localized alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Dantonello Tobias M. , Int‐Veen Christoph , Schuck Andreas , Seitz Guido , Leuschner Ivo , Nathrath Michaela , Schlegel Paul‐Gerhardt , Kontny Udo , Behnisch Wolfgang , Veit‐Friedrich Iris , Kube Stefanie , Hallmen Erika , Kazanowska Bernarda , Ladenstein Ruth , Paulussen Michael , Ljungman Gustaf , Bielack Stefan S. , Klingebiel T. , Koscielniak E. ,   on behalf of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
Published: February 2013

Background

Recurrences in primary localized alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMA) are common. Post‐relapse survival is poor. We evaluated prognostic factors including relapse treatment in patients with recurrent RMA.

Methods

Relapses occurred in 115/235 patients with nonmetastatic RMA treated in four consecutive CWS‐trials after achievement of a complete remission. Sufficient information about post‐relapse treatment and outcome could be obtained in 99 patients and was retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Nine of 99 patients received no salvage therapy and died after a median of 2 months. The remaining 90 patients received multimodal relapse treatment including mandatory chemotherapy. Recurrences were grossly resected in 39 patients; 57 patients received radiation. At a median follow‐up from relapse of 8 years, 20 patients were alive and disease‐free (5‐year post‐relapse survival [PROS] 21.3 ± 8). All surviving patients apart from a single individual had an isolated, circumscribed recurrence. Sixteen of 20 survivors were treated with adequate local relapse therapy (ALRT, i.e., either complete resection or gross resection + radiation). Survival in the subgroup of 27 individuals with circumscribed recurrences and ALRT was significantly better (PROS 53.7 ± 19) compared with disseminated recurrences and/or tumors treated without ALRT. Absence of primary lymph node involvement, circumscribed relapses, ALRT, and achievement of a second CR were identified as independent favorable risk factors.

Conclusion

Post‐relapse survival for primary localized RMA is generally poor. However, certain patient groups differed significantly in their likelihood of survival and 50% of patients with circumscribed relapses treated with ALRT survived. These findings may form the basis for an evidence‐based risk‐stratification for recurrent disease including relapse treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1267–1273. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The validity of sequence symmetry analysis (SSA) for adverse drug reaction signal detection
Authors: Wahab Izyan A. , Pratt Nicole L. , Wiese Michael D. , Kalisch Lisa M. , Roughead Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

To determine the validity of sequence symmetry analysis (SSA) method to detect adverse drug reactions from an administrative claims database.

Methods

Published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of 19 medicines were identified through search databases, product information (PI) or the US Food and Drug Administration Web site. All adverse events (AEs) in the RCTs and the PI for the medicines were extracted. AEs were considered ‘gold standard positive events’ if they were reported as being statistically significant events in adequately powered RCTs. The remaining AEs were considered ‘gold standard negative events’ if the event was not listed as an AE in the PI for that medicine or any other medicine in its class. Indicators of AEs were identified by consensus from two clinical researchers. SSA was run for each medicine–indicator pair using four different time windows: 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.

Results

A total of 120 randomised placebo controlled trials were reviewed for the 19 tested medicines. A total of 165 medicine–indicator pairs (44 positive and 121 negative events) were identified and tested by SSA. At the 12‐month time window, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of SSA were 61% (95%CI 0.46–0.74), 93% (95%CI 0.87–0.96), 77% (95%CI 0.61–0.88) and 87% (95%CI 0.80–0.92), respectively. Using a 3‐month time window, the SSA had a lower sensitivity (52%).

Conclusions

The SSA technique was found to have moderate sensitivity and high specificity for detecting ADRs. These results suggest that SSA is a potential tool for detecting ADRs using administrative claims data that could complement existing pharmacosurveillance methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A system dynamics model of tellurium availability for CdTe PV
Authors: Houari Yassine , Speirs Jamie , Candelise Chiara , Gross Robert
Published: February 2013

The routine availability of key component materials has been highlighted as a potential constraint to both extensive deployment and reduction in production costs of thin‐film photovoltaic (PV) technologies. This paper examines the effect of material availability on the maximum potential growth of thin‐film PV by 2050 using the case of tellurium (Te) in cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV, currently the dominating thin‐film technology with the lowest manufacturing cost. The use of system dynamics (SD) modelling allows for a dynamic treatment of key Te supply features and prospects for reductions in PV demand via material efficiency improvements, as well as greater transparency and a better understanding of future recycling potential. The model's projections for maximum Te‐constrained CdTe PV growth by 2050 are shown to be higher than a number of previous studies using static assumptions—suggesting that a dynamic treatment of the resource constraints for CdTe inherently improves the outlook for future deployment of this technology. In addition, the sensitivity analysis highlights certain complex correlations between the maximum potential CdTe growth by 2050 and the rated lifetime of PV modules as well as the reported size of global Te resources. The highest observed sensitivities are to the recovery rate of Te from copper anode slimes, the active layer thickness, the module efficiency and the utilisation rate of Te during manufacturing, all of which are highlighted as topics for further research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled radical polymerization of styrene‐based models of the active site of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase
Authors: Heine Daniel , Pietsch Christian , Schubert Ulrich S. , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: February 2013

Within this study, we report on the first controlled radical polymerization of styrene‐based models of the active site of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase. Three different model complexes based on styrene were prepared including propanedithiolato‐bridged, 2‐azapropanedithiolato‐bridged, and bifunctional styrene iron complex. These model complexes were copolymerized with styrene using free radical and the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. The polymerization behavior of the hydrogenase models is discussed and analyzed in detail. It could be shown that the model complex can be incorporated into copolymers. The obtained copolymers exhibit narrow molar mass distributions. The presence of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase models were proven by atomic absorption spectrometry, NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as cyclovoltammetric measurements. It could be shown that the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase mimic copolymers, as well as the monomeric originating complexes exhibit electrocatalytic proton reduction at a low potential of –2.2 V. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A facile strategy for synthesis of α,α′‐heterobifunctionalized poly (ε‐caprolactones) and poly (methyl methacrylate)s containing “clickable” aldehyde and allyloxy functional groups using initiator approach
Authors: Sane Prakash S. , Tawade Bhausaheb V. , Parmar Indravadan , Kumari Savita , Nagane Samadhan , Wadgaonkar Prakash P.
Published: February 2013

Two new initiators, namely, 4‐(4‐(2‐(4‐(allyloxy) phenyl)‐5‐hydroxypentane 2‐yl) phenoxy)benzaldehyde and 4‐(4‐(allyloxy) phenyl)‐4‐(4‐(4‐formylphenoxy) phenyl) pentyl 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl propanoate containing “clickable” hetero‐functionalities namely aldehyde and allyloxy were synthesized starting from commercially available 4,4′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid. These initiators were utilized, respectively, for ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Well‐defined α‐aldehyde, α′‐allyloxy heterobifunctionalized poly(ε‐caprolactones) (Mn,GPC: 5900–29,000, PDI: 1.26–1.43) and poly(methyl methacrylate)s (Mn,GPC: 5300–28800, PDI: 1.19–1.25) were synthesized. The kinetic study of methyl methacrylate polymerization demonstrated controlled polymerization behavior. The presence of aldehyde and allyloxy functionality on polymers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Aldehyde‐aminooxy and thiol‐ene metal‐free double click strategy was used to demonstrate reactivity of functional groups on polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A t‐chart for Monitoring Multi‐variety and Small Batch Production Run
Authors: Gu Kai , Jia Xinzhang , You Hailong , Zhang Shihong
Published: February 2013

Statistical process control is an important tool to monitor and control a process. It is used to ensure that the manufacturing process operates in the in‐control state. Multi‐variety and small batch production runs are common in manufacturing environments like flexible manufacturing systems and Just‐in‐Time systems, which are characterized by a wide variety of mixed products with small volume for each kind of production. It is difficult to apply traditional control charts efficiently and effectively in such environments. The method that control charts are plotted for each individual part is not proper, since the successive state of the manufacturing process cannot be reflected. In this paper, a proper t‐chart is proposed for implementation in multi‐variety and small batch production runs to monitor the process mean, and its statistical properties are evaluated. The run length distribution of the proposed t‐chart has been obtained by modelling the multi‐variety process. The ARL performance for various shifts, number of product types, and subgroup sizes has also been obtained. The results show that the t‐chart can be successfully implemented to monitor a multi‐variety production run. Finally, illustrative examples show that the proposed t‐chart is effective in multi‐variety and small batch manufacturing environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second Harmonic Generation in 3‐D Uniform Arrangement of Type I Collagen on Nonlinear Optics Microscopy
Authors: Zhuang Z. F. , Zhu M. F. , Guo Z.Y. , Liu S. H.
Published: February 2013

Second harmonic microscopic imaging and spectroscopy technology has become a powerful tool for biomedical studies, especially in fibrosis‐related diseases research. And type I collagen is the major risk factors for fibrotic diseases. In this study, model for three‐dimensional (3‐D) uniform arrangement type I collagen is set up for researching the second harmonic generation (SHG) on nonlinear optics microscopy. Based on this model, we discuss the influence of different length and size collagen in 3‐D arrangement type I collagen. Results can guide us to neatly judge the size, length, and molecules density effect on SHG. For practical application, this theoretical approach can lead us to analyze different severity of collagen diseases. SCANNING 35:12‐16, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional and local stress field orientation inferred from quantitative analyses of extension joints: Case study from southern Italy
Authors: De Guidi Giorgio , Caputo Riccardo , Scudero Salvatore
Published: February 2013

An intense tectonic activity in eastern Sicily and southern Calabria (Italy) is well documented by the differential uplift of Late Quaternary coastlines and by the record of the strong historical earthquakes. The extensional belt that crosses this area is dominated by a well‐established WNW‐ESE–oriented stretching direction. However, this area is largely lacking of any structural analysis for defining the tectonics at a more local scale. The analysis of systematic extension joint sets affecting Pleistocene deposits presented in this paper allows to infer the causative tectonic stress tensor by means of a quantitative inversion technique. Local perturbations of the first‐order regional stress field are consequently recognized. Such perturbations are interpreted as due to interferences between large active faults and their particular geometrical setting. These results contribute to the understanding of the Quaternary tectonic evolution and the present‐day stress regime.
Metamorphic field gradients across the Himachal Himalaya, northwest India: Implications for the emplacement of the Himalayan crystalline core
Authors: Leger Remington M. , Webb A. Alexander G. , Henry Darrell J. , Craig John A. , Dubey Prashant
Published: February 2013

New constraints on pressures and temperatures experienced by rocks of the Himachal Himalaya are presented in order to test models for the emplacement of the Himalayan crystalline core here. A variety of methods were employed: petrographic analysis referenced to a petrogenetic grid, exchange and net‐transfer thermobarometry, Ti‐in‐biotite thermometry, and analysis of quartz recrystallization textures. Rocks along three transects (the northern Beas, Pabbar, and southern Beas transects) were investigated. Results reveal spatially coherent metamorphic field gradients across amphibolite‐grade and migmatitic metamorphic rocks. Along the northern Beas transect, rocks record peak temperatures of ~650–780°C at low elevations to the north of ~32°10' N; rocks in other structural positions along this transect record peak temperatures of <640°C that decrease with increasing structural elevation. Rocks of the Pabbar transect dominantly record ~650–700°C peak temperatures to the east of ~77°55' E and ~450–620°C peak temperatures farther west. Peak temperatures of ~450–600°C along the southern Beas transect record a right‐way‐up metamorphic field gradient. Results are integrated with literature data to determine a metamorphic isograd map of the Himachal Himalaya. This map is compared to metamorphic isograd map pattern predictions of different models for Himalayan crystalline core emplacement. This analysis excludes models involving large magnitude (>20–30 km) extrusion and permits (1) models involving small magnitude (<20–30 km) extrusion that is discontinuous along the orogen and (2) tectonic wedging models, in which the crystalline core was emplaced at depth between a sole thrust and a back thrust in the Early‐Middle Miocene.
Orogen‐parallel ductile extension and extrusion of the Greater Himalaya in the late Oligocene and Miocene
Authors: Xu Zhiqin , Wang Qin , Pêcher Arnaud , Liang Fenghua , Qi Xuexiang , Cai Zhihui , Li Huaqi , Zeng Lingsen , Cao Hui
Published: February 2013

Predominant stretching structures in the Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex (GHC) trend perpendicular to the belt and are linked to the southward exhumation or emplacement of the GHC between the South Tibet Detachment (STD) and the Main Central Thrust. However, our field investigations in southern Tibet reveal the widespread presence of gently dipping shear zones with a penetrative orogen‐parallel stretching lineation, which separates the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence and the underlying GHC. The shear zones are well preserved in the upper part of the GHC, south to and structurally lower than the STD. Field criteria, microstructures, and quartz fabrics indicate top‐to‐the‐east shearing in the Yadong shear zone (eastern GHC), coexistence of top‐to‐the‐east and top‐to‐the‐west shearing in the Nyalam shear zone (central GHC), but top‐to‐the‐west shearing in the Pulan shear zone (western GHC). Characteristic microstructures and slip systems of quartz in the high‐grade GHC rocks resulted from the lateral flow under upper amphibolite (up to 650–700 °C) to greenschist facies conditions. U‐Pb ages of metamorphic zircon rims by sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) analyses yield 28–26 Ma for the initiation of the Yadong and Nyalam shear zones and 22–15 Ma for the activation of the Pulan shear zone. In addition, 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages of biotite and muscovite suggest cessation of ductile sharing at 13–11 Ma on the Yadong shear zone, which is coeval with the activation of the STD. Combined with previous studies, we propose that initiation of orogen‐parallel extension marks the transition from burial/crustal thickening to exhumation of the GHC. Due to lateral crustal thickness gradients in a thickened crust, orogen‐parallel gravitational collapse occurred within the convergent Himalayan orogen in the late Oligocene‐Miocene. This tectonic denudation triggered and enhanced partial melting and ductile extrusion of the GHC in the Miocene.
Drivers of Green Supply Chain in Emerging Economies
Authors: Ben Brik Anis , Mellahi Kamel , Rettab Belaid
Published: February 2013

In spite of the burgeoning interest in green supply chain management in Western developed countries and large emerging economies, little research exists on the topic in small emerging and developing countries. In this study, we surveyed firms based in Dubai to identify the main drivers of green supply chain management and their impact on supply chain greening. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications of the findings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Institutional Change Reconfigures Successful Value Chains: The Case of Western Pharma Corporations in China
Authors: Dierks Alexander , Kuklinski Christian Paul Jian Wei , Moser Roger
Published: February 2013

Management researchers have traditionally emphasized two main factors in the definition of corporate strategies: internal capabilities and industry competition. However, in less stable, transition economies it is particularly the changing institutional environment that influences strategy definition and performance of multinational corporations (MNCs) as shown by numerous international business (IB) scholars. Yet, how institutions matter remains a largely unresolved question. This article examines how institutions have affected the value chain configuration of Western pharmaceutical firms in China. Our research framework identifies four major strategic shifts along the value chain of Western firms in the pharmaceutical industry: upgrading along the value chain, outsourcing to contract service providers, expansion of geographical scope and diversification of product portfolio. The findings allow concrete managerial implications to be derived for decision makers of Western pharmaceutical firms operating in China. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture Determines Business Models: Analyzing Home Depot's Failure Case in China for International Retailers from a Communication Perspective
Authors: Gao May Hongmei
Published: February 2013

This article is a result of a longitudinal case study regarding Home Depot's operation in China. From 2006 to 2011, the author conducted 37 in‐depth interviews with Home Depot executives, managers, lawyers, employees, suppliers, and consumers, as well as its Western and Chinese competitors. These interviews generated 500+ pages of transcripts and field notes. Home Depot entered China in 2006 by acquiring 12 stores from a Chinese company, Home Way. However, by September 2012 all Home Depot stores in China had been closed.

This interview‐based single‐case‐study research has these notable contributions. First, this research stresses the importance of host culture in creating a business model when an international retailer expands to a foreign country. Second, the research develops a new Host Culture Analysis Framework: CELM (host Culture, business Environment, target consumer Lifestyle, and target consumer Mentality). Third, by applying the CELM framework to the Chinese market, this research suggests that Home Depot could have replaced its ineffective DIY (Do‐It‐Yourself) model with the new DIFM (Do‐It‐for‐Me) business model for China. Fourth, this article proposes a new urban boutique store (UBS) retail format for international retailers entering emerging markets. Finally, this research shows that in‐depth interview is a solid research method to be applied to case studies, for the discovery of deeper reasons of international expansion failures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal simulation of drifting snow sublimation in Alpine terrain
Authors: Groot Zwaaftink Christine D. , Mott Rebecca , Lehning Michael
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Seasonal drifting snow sublimation in Alpine terrain is small
Influence of spatial temperature estimation method in ecohydrologic modeling in the Western Oregon Cascades
Authors: Garcia Elizabeth S. , Tague Christina L. , Choate Janet S.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Surface temperature interpolation method effects ecohydrologic modeling

Temperature interpolation strategy influences soil parameter calibration

Improved temperature lapse rates increase estimates of net primary productivity
Capabilities and limitations of tracing spatial temperature patterns by fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing
Authors: Rose Liliana , Krause Stefan , Cassidy Nigel J.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Qualitative and quantitative accuracies of FO‐DTS surveys vary with signal‐size

Detection accuracy of cold signals is higher than of similar seized warm signals

Impact of small‐scale signal‐size / ‐ strength on observation is not unambiguous
A rapid and sensitive non‐radioactive method applicable for genome‐wide analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in small RNA biology
Authors: Wu Jingyan , Huang Hsiao‐Yun , Hopper Anita K.
Published: February 2013

Conventional isolation and detection methods for small RNAs from yeast cells have been designed for a limited number of samples. In order to be able to conduct a genome‐wide assessment of how each gene product impacts upon small RNAs, we developed a rapid method for analysing small RNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild‐type (wt) and mutants cells in the deletion and temperature‐sensitive (ts) collections. Our method implements three optimized techniques: a procedure for growing small yeast cultures in 96‐deepwell plates, a fast procedure for small RNA isolation from the plates, and a sensitive non‐radioactive northern method for RNA detection. The RNA isolation procedure requires only 4 h for processing 96 samples, is highly reproducible and yields RNA of good quality and quantity. The non‐radioactive northern method employs digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled DNA probes and chemiluminescence. It detects femtomole levels of small RNAs within 1 min exposure time. We minimized the processing time for large‐scale analysis and optimized the stripping and reprobing procedures for analyses of multiple RNAs from a single membrane. The method described is rapid, sensitive, safe and cost‐effective for genome‐wide screens of novel genes involved in the biogenesis, subcellular trafficking and stability of small RNAs. Moreover, it will be useful to educational laboratory class venues and to research institutions with limited access to radioisotopes or robots. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is it worth assessing progress as early as week 2 to adapt antidepressive treatment strategy? Results from a study on agomelatine and a global meta-analysis
Authors: Gorwood P. , Bayle F. , Vaiva G. , Courtet P. , Corruble E. , Llorca P.-M.
Published: February 2013

Context:

A delay of 4–8 weeks before modifying the prescribed antidepressant treatment is usually proposed when incomplete treatment response is observed. A number of studies nevertheless proposed that the lack of early improvement (usually 20% decrease of severity at week 2) is predictive of the absence of subsequent treatment response, potentially saving weeks of inadequate treatment, but with no information for non-interventional studies devoted to outpatients.

Method:

Two thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight outpatients with major depressive disorder were included in a multicentre, non-interventional study, assessing at inclusion, week 2 and week 6, mood (QIDS-C, CGI, PGI and VAS) sleep (LSEQ) and functionality (SDS). All metrics at week 2 were tested for their capacity to predict response (and then remission) at week 6, all patients being treated by agomelatine. A meta-analysis of all studies (n = 12) assessing the predictive role of improvement at week 2 was also performed, assessing specific effect size of published studies and the weight of the different parameters they used.

Results:

The QIDS-C and the CGI-I were the only instruments with an area under the curve over 0.7, with different cut-offs for treatment response and remission. A decrease of more than five points at the QIDS-C had the highest positive predictive value for treatment response, and a CGI-I over three had the highest negative predictive value, which would favour relying on the clinicians for warning (too high CGI-I), and on instruments for confidence (favourable decrease of the QIDS-C). The meta-analysis of all studies also detected a large effect size of early improvement, stressing how rating week 2 severity could be beneficial in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

Previous reports stressing the interest of an assessment at week 2 were reinforced by the present results, which also defined more accurately what could be the most appropriate cut-offs, and how combining these early results could be more effective.
“In Favour of Popery”: Patriotism, Protestantism, and the Gordon Riots in the Revolutionary British Atlantic
Authors: Jones Brad A.
Published: February 2013

In 1778, in response to news of the American alliance with France, the British government proposed a series of Catholic relief bills aimed at tolerating Catholicism in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Officials saw the legislation as a pragmatic response to a dramatically expanded war, but ordinary Britons were far less tolerant. They argued that the relief acts threatened to undermine a widely shared Protestant British patriotism that defined itself against Catholicism and France. Through an elaborate and well-connected popular print culture, Britons living in distant Atlantic communities, such as Kingston (Jamaica), Glasgow, Dublin, and New York City, publicly engaged in a radical brand of Protestant patriotism that began to question the very legitimacy of their own government. Events culminated in June 1780, with five days of violent, deadly rioting in the nation's capitol. Yet the Gordon Riots represent only the most famous example of this new, more zealous defense of Protestant Whig Britishness. In the British Caribbean and North America, unrelenting fears of French invasions and the perceived incompetence of the government mixed with an increasingly confrontational Protestant political culture to expose the fragile nature of British patriotism. In Scotland, anti-Catholic riots drove the country to near rebellion in early 1779, while in Ireland, Protestants and Catholics took advantage of this political instability to make demands for economic and political independence, culminating in the country's legislative autonomy in 1782. Ultimately, Catholic relief and the American alliance with France fundamentally altered how ordinary Britons viewed their government and, perhaps, laid the foundations for the far more radical political culture of the 1790s.
Dietary calcium intake is associated with adiposity, metabolic profile, inflammatory state and blood pressure, but not with erythrocyte intracellular calcium and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Thaís , Torres Márcia Regina Simas Gonçalves , Sanjuliani Antonio Felipe
Published: February 2013

Recent studies have suggested that dietary Ca may have beneficial effects on adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and blood pressure (BP). One potential mechanism underlying these benefits involves modifications in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i). The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary Ca with adiposity, erythrocyte [Ca2+]i, metabolic profile, BP, inflammatory state and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women. In the present cross-sectional study, seventy-six women aged 18–50 years were submitted to the evaluation of dietary intake, anthropometric parameters, body composition, erythrocyte [Ca2+]i, biochemical variables, endothelial function and BP. A FFQ was used to assess usual dietary intake. Endothelial function was evaluated by serum concentrations of adhesion molecules and by the peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) method, using Endo-PAT 2000®. Participants were allocated into two groups according to Ca intake: low-Ca group (LCG;n32; < 600 mg/d) and high-Ca group (HCG;n44; ≥ 600 mg/d). Women in the LCG compared with those in the HCG exhibited, after adjustments for potential confounders, higher values of BMI, waist circumference, waist:height ratio, percentage of body fat, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, leptin, diastolic and mean BP; and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Endothelial function assessed by PAT and [Ca2+]iwas similar in both groups. Subjects in the HCG had lower OR for prevalent overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, HDL-cholesterol < 600 mg/l and systolic BP >120 mmHg. The findings of the present study suggest that high Ca intake is inversely associated with some cardiovascular risk factors.
Physiological release of endogenous tau is stimulated by neuronal activity
Authors: Pooler Amy M , Phillips Emma C , Lau Dawn H W , Noble Wendy , Hanger Diane P
Published: February 2013

Propagation of tau pathology is linked with progressive neurodegeneration, but the mechanism underlying trans‐synaptic spread of tau is unknown. We show that stimulation of neuronal activity, or AMPA receptor activation, induces tau release from healthy, mature cortical neurons. Notably, phosphorylation of extracellular tau appears reduced in comparison with intracellular tau. We also find that AMPA‐induced release of tau is calcium‐dependent. Blocking pre‐synaptic vesicle release by tetanus toxin and inhibiting neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin both significantly impair AMPA‐mediated tau release. Tau secretion is therefore a regulatable process, dysregulation of which could lead to the spread of tau pathology in disease.
Loss minimisation in λ/4 impedance transformers using multiple λ/4 segments
Authors: Li C. , Ricketts D.S.
Published: February 2013

Presented is an analysis of loss in quarter‐wavelength impedance transformers. It is shown that the loss of an impedance transformer, S21, is a function not only of the dielectric and conductor loss, but also the transformation ratio. S21 is derived as a function of both loss and transformation ratio and it is shown that for high transformation ratios, using two or even three quarter‐wavelength impedance transformers results in an overall lower loss.
Enhanced people detection combining appearance and motion information
Authors: García‐Martín A. , Martínez J.M.
Published: February 2013

The combination of two of the most recent people detectors from the state of the art is proposed. It is already known that the combination of independent information sources is useful for any detection task. In relation to people detection, there are two main discriminative information sources that characterise a person: appearance and motion. Proposed is the combination of two recent approaches based on both information sources. Experimental results over an extensive dataset show that the proposed combination significantly improves the results.
Weighted virtual tangential vector algorithm for local path planning of mobile robots
Authors: Kwak Kyung Woon , Kim Kyung‐Soo , Kim Soohyun
Published: February 2013

A real‐time path generation method for a mobile robot is newly proposed based on the virtual tangential vector (VTV). The VTV is for imposing a feature to drive a robot along with the tangential direction to a circular obstacle virtually generated in real‐time. Subjected to multiple obstacles, a weighted resultant vector of all the VTVs, so‐called weighted VTV (WVTV), is defined. Together with the conventional objectives such as the goal attractive vector and the obstacle repulsive vector, the WVTV is included in a multi‐objective optimisation framework. Significant performance enhancements are demonstrated by simulations for complicated unknown environments.
Spectrally efficient multiple‐ARQ scheme for MIMO channel
Authors: Lee J.W.
Published: February 2013

Proposed is a multiple automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme for the MIMO channel adopting the structure of space‐time block codes (STBCs). With multiple transmissions accompanied by the proposed combing strategy, the input‐output relationship of the Alamouti STBC is formed in the receiver. It is observed that the proposed ARQ scheme attains higher throughput than others at all SNR values.
Orthogonal matching pursuit with DCD iterations
Authors: Zakharov Y.V. , Nascimento V.
Published: February 2013

Greedy algorithms are computationally efficient optimisation techniques for solving sparse recovery problems. Matching pursuit (MP) and orthogonal MP (OMP) are popular greedy algorithms; MP possesses the lowest complexity whereas OMP provides better performance. In this reported work, OMP is modified using dichotomous coordinate descent (DCD) iterations and an algorithm is arrived at that has performance close to that of OMP and complexity even lower than that of MP.
Spatial surface coarseness analysis: technique for fingerprint spoof detection
Authors: Pereira L.F.A. , Pinheiro H.N.B. , Cavalcanti G.D.C. , Ren Tsang Ing
Published: February 2013

Proposed is a technique for fingerprint spoof detection, the spatial surface coarseness analysis. This approach improves the wavelet analysis of the fingertip surface texture by introducing spatial features to the model. Thus, the accuracy of the fingerprint classification is increased to 70.09% compared with the original solution.
Extended‐stopband microstrip lowpass filter using rat‐race directional couplers
Authors: Gómez‐García R. , Sánchez‐Soriano M.‐A. , Sánchez‐Renedo M. , Torregrosa‐Penalva G. , Bronchalo E.
Published: February 2013

A class of microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with a sharp‐rejection, ultra‐broad stopband is reported. It employs rat‐race directional couplers properly arranged to operate as bandstop transversal filtering sections (TFSs). The theoretical foundations of this LPF approach are described, and the performance control of its building bandstop TFS is verified. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept microstrip LPF prototype with a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 1 GHz and a 20 dB stopband up to 5.86 GHz has been built and tested.