bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Patient Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacogenomics Before and After Using a Mock Results Patient Web Portal
Authors: Truong Tien M. , Lipschultz Elizabeth , Danahey Keith , Schierer Emily , Ratain Mark J. , O'Donnell Peter H.
Published: September 2019

Our objective was to build a mock pharmacogenomic (PGx) patient portal and assess its ability to disseminate test results and information to patients. The YourPGx Portal delivered four sample PGx results (omeprazole, simvastatin, clopidogrel, and codeine). We hosted two study groups to assess patient knowledge and perceptions of PGx before and after accessing the portal. Ten PGx‐tested and 10 traditional care participants were included (average 61 years, 60% women, 50% African American, and 55% had a bachelor's/advanced degree). Participants scored significantly higher on the post‐test compared with the pre‐test, with no significant differences between baseline scores or score change between the groups. Patient perceptions also improved after accessing the portal—more patients wanted their providers to have access to test results, and more patients would encourage family/friends to get PGx testing. Patients would share their test results with their healthcare providers, spouse/partner, and family; none would share results with their friends or social media. Almost all patients (95%) said the portal was easy to use and 65% said it was easy to understand. In this pilot study, patients’ knowledge and perceptions of PGx improved after accessing the YourPGx Portal.
Do conditional cash transfers (CCTs) raise educational attainment? An impact evaluation of Juntos in Peru
Authors: Gaentzsch Anja
Published: September 2019

Motivation

Many evaluations show that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes raise school enrolment and attendance of children from low‐income households. Less evidence exists on the impact on learning and cognitive skills formation. This article contributes by evaluating the impacts of the CCT Juntos in Peru on school progression and performance in standardized test scores.

Purpose

We investigate the overall impact of Juntos upon educational outcomes of beneficiary children. Specifically, we address two questions: does Juntos have an impact on school participation? Can programme participation be linked to impacts upon cognitive skills?

Approach and methods

We use a quasi‐experimental design that combines kernel matching with difference‐in‐difference estimation. We rely on data from the Young Lives panel survey and focus on a sample of 3,130 children aged 6–18 years old.

Findings

The article reports three main findings: (a) Juntos increases the chances of school enrolment and finishing primary school among children aged 12 to 18 years; (b) there is a positive effect on the transition to secondary school among the same age group, which is, however, only weakly significant at the 10% level; and (c) there is no positive impact on test scores of maths and language development among primary or secondary school‐aged children.

Policy implications

The traditional demand‐side focus of CCTs risks neglecting supply factors related to service infrastructure and quality. The article suggests that policy‐makers need to study the structural mechanisms behind educational inequalities and integrate CCTs with measures to enhance skills formation for targeted households.
Association of serum cystatin C with white matter abnormalities in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Hirao Kentaro , Yamashita Fumio , Tsugawa Akito , Haime Rieko , Fukasawa Raita , Sato Tomohiko , Okita Misa , Shimizu Soichiro , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Umahara Takahiko , Sakurai Hirofumi , Hanyu Haruo
Published: September 2019

Aim

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI have been reported to be a risk factor for the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease, although the reason remains unclear. In the present study, we hence investigated the associations between WMH volumes and cognitive function, blood levels of various molecules, and the presence of lifestyle‐associated diseases in patients with amnestic MCI.

Methods

The initial data of 38 patients with amnestic MCI and 10 normal control individuals were analyzed. The volumes of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep WMH (DWMH) were measured on T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery using the imaging software, 3D Slicer; and the association between PVH/DWMH volumes and cognitive function, blood levels of molecules (such as cystatin C [CysC], 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and homocysteine) and the presence of lifestyle‐associated diseases (such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus) were analyzed.

Results

In the MCI group, the PVH volume : intracranial volume ratio significantly correlated with Trail Making Test‐A/B scores and CysC level by Pearson's analysis, and the PVH volume : intracranial volume ratio significantly correlated with only CysC levels, whereas the DWMH volume : intracranial volume ratio did not correlate with any items at all by linear multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions

PVH volume was closely associated with frontal lobe dysfunction, particularly with attention and executive dysfunction. Serum CysC level was associated with PVH volume, which suggests that CysC might be a useful marker for determining treatment strategies for white matter abnormalities in amnestic MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1036–1040.
The evolution of factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding in haemophilia with inhibitors
Authors: Meeks Shannon L. , Leissinger Cindy A.
Published: September 2019

The use of activated factor VII (FVIIa) for the treatment of bleeding events in haemophilia patients with inhibitors was first reported over 30 years ago. Since then clinical trials, registries, case series, real‐world experience and an understanding of its mechanism of action have transformed what was originally a scientific curiosity into one of the major treatments for inhibitor patients, with innovative therapeutic regimens, dose optimization and individualized care now widely practiced. Given current understanding and use, it might be easy to forget the years of clinical research that led up to this point; in this review, we lay out changes based on broad eras of rFVIIa use. These eras cover the original uncertainty associated with dosing, efficacy and safety; the transformation of care ushered in with its widespread use; and the optimization and individualization of patient care and the importance of specialized support provided by haemophilia treatment centres. Today with the introduction of novel prophylactic agents such as emicizumab, we once again find ourselves dealing with the uncertainties of how best to utilize rFVIIa and newer investigational variants such as marzeptacog alfa and eptacog beta; we hope that the experiences of the past three decades will serve as a guide for this new era of care.
Mutation profile of high‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Liao Xiaoyan , Vavinskaya Vera , Sun Katherine , Hao Yansheng , Li Xiaodong , Valasek Mark , Xu Ruliang , Polydorides Alexandros D , Houldsworth Jane , Harpaz Noam
Published: September 2019

Aims

High‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (HAMN) was recently proposed as a disease entity histologically analogous to low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), but characterised by high‐grade cytological atypia. The pathogenesis and clinical features of HAMN have not been fully elucidated.

Methods and results

Nine cases of HAMN, eight LAMN, 10 appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACA) and five appendiceal serrated polyps resected between 2008 and 2017 contributed by three medical centres underwent targeted next‐generation sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes. The patients in each category had similar profiles with respect to gender, age, tumour stage and follow‐up intervals. Both LAMN and HAMN harboured mutations of KRAS [nine of nine and eight of eight (100%), respectively] and GNAS [five of eight (63%) and five of nine (56%), respectively] in significantly higher proportions than MACA [KRAS, seven of 10 (70%, P = 0.04); GNAS: one of 10 (10%, P = 0.02)] and serrated polyps [KRAS, one of five (20%, P = 0.0007); GNAS: none of five (0%, P = 0.04)]. Four cases of HAMN, but none of LAMN, harboured mutations of TP53 [four of nine (44%)] and/or ATM [two of nine (22%)]. Three cases of HAMN (33%) showed extra‐appendiceal spread with retention of the same mutational profiles in the intra‐ and extra‐appendiceal components. The 10 cases of MACA harboured a similar prevalence of TP53 mutations (n = 5, 50%) as HAMN but, unlike LAMN and HAMN, some harboured mutations in PIK3CA, APC, FBXW7, PTEN and SMAD4.

Conclusions

HAMN and LAMN share high rates of KRAS and GNAS co‐mutations supporting a common histogenesis and distinguishing them from MACA. Acquisition of TP53 or ATM mutations by HAMN may drive its progression to a more advanced phenotype.
Presence of Cicadomorpha in olive orchards of Greece with special reference to Xylella fastidiosa vectors
Authors: Antonatos Spyridon , Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Kapantaidaki Despoina Evr. , Lytra Ioanna Ch. , Varikou Kyriaki , Evangelou Vasiliki I. , Milonas Panagiotis
Published: September 2019

Insects of the infraorder Cicadomorpha cause serious economic impact on agriculture because of pathogens’ transmission. The vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which is associated with olive quick decline syndrome, is exclusively transmitted by insects of this infraorder and more specific by sharpshooters and spittlebugs. Efficient control practices of the insect vectors are necessary for the control of the disease in cases of outbreaks. Therefore, the knowledge of the vectors' species as well as the robust understanding of their biology and ecology is of crucial importance. In the present study, extensive sampling was conducted in 28 olive orchards of Greece during the years 2017 and 2018 aiming to investigate which species of this infraorder are present, with special interest to those which are considered as vectors of the bacterium. During the surveys, 4,350 Cicadomorpha insects were collected. Forty‐two, five and one species of the families Cicadellidae, Aphrophoridae and Cercopidae, respectively, were identified. The results of the surveys revealed that the main potential vectors of X. fastidiosa in Greek olive orchards are the spittlebugs Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris. Those species have wide distribution in Greece and are present for a long period during the year, and they inhabit both the ground vegetation and the olive trees' canopy. A representative portion of the captured spittlebugs was analysed with molecular methods, and the analysis confirmed the absence of X. fastidiosa in the tested individuals.
Medical good luck and medical bad luck
Authors: Prasad G.V. Ramesh
Published: September 2019

Every individual experiences good luck and bad luck. Three features characterize medical events associated with good luck or bad luck: There is no control over the event, the event occurs through chance or accident, and the event is of significant interest. These characteristics can be used to develop a working definition of medical luck. Medical good luck and medical bad luck are typically assigned to either the individual or to the event, but assigning these instead to the relationship between individual and event provides the opportunity for intervention. By assigning valences to each individual‐event relationship and summating them, the total good luck or bad luck associated with the event can be determined. Intervening in the medical event by increasing the valence of the significance for each affected individual to the event will increase that event's total good luck. A total valence of zero before or after intervention does not, however, imply absent medical luck but simply a combination of medical good luck and medical bad luck because significance interest in the event persists. Therefore, there is no medical luck simpliciter, only medical good luck and medical bad luck. Medical events are especially helpful to understanding good luck and bad luck, because they are non‐fictional, often generate significant interest, and are modifiable.
New records of the snow bass Serranus chionaraia (Perciformes: Serranidae) confirm an established population in the Brazilian Province
Authors: Pimentel Caio R. , Vilar Ciro C. , Rolim Fernanda A. , Abieri Maria L. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe
Published: September 2019

The snow bass Serranus chionaraia is a small‐bodied reef fish presumed to be restricted to the Caribbean Province, with a single specimen captured south of the Amazon River mouth. Recent surveys with baited remote underwater stereo‐video systems detected the species c. 1900 km southward. Meristic and morphometric characters of two specimens examined in this study confirmed the species identity, which greatly extends the speciesʼ range southward on the eastern coast of Brazil and indicates the presence of an established population of S. chionaraia in the Brazilian Province.
Reactive oxygen species regulate auxin levels to mediate adventitious root induction in Arabidopsis hypocotyl cuttings
Authors: Huang Aixia , Wang Yongshun , Liu Yangyang , Wang Guodong , She Xiaoping
Published: September 2019

Adventitious root (AR) formation from leafy stem cuttings is critical for breeding of many forest and horticultural species. In addition to the plant hormone auxin, wound‐induced signaling caused by the cutting excision is also essential for AR initiation. Here we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly generated at the excision site as a wound‐induced signal and propagated throughout the hypocotyl cutting after excision of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root. ROS propagation was not observed in the presence of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium chloride) or in a knockout mutant of the NADPH oxidase gene respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D (RBOHD). Respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D was specifically upregulated in hypocotyl cuttings at 0.5 h post excision (hpe). Together, these data suggest that RBOHD mediates ROS propagation in hypocotyl cuttings. We also found that auxin levels increased significantly in the shoot apex at 5 hpe and at the base of the cutting at 6 hpe; these effects were blocked by treatment with ROS scavengers. Consistent with this, transcript levels of auxin biosynthesis and polar‐transport genes generally increased between 1 to 6 hpe. Collectively, our results suggest that wound‐induced ROS participate in AR induction through regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport.
Being Innovative While Being Green: An Experimental Inquiry into How Consumers Respond to Eco‐Innovative Product Designs
Authors: Paparoidamis Nicholas G. , Tran Thi Thanh Huong , Leonidou Leonidas C. , Zeriti Athina
Published: September 2019

Eco‐innovations are an effective way for companies to strategically align themselves with customers’ growing environmental concerns. Despite their crucial role, scant research has focused on eco‐innovative product designs. Drawing from the sustainability and innovation literature, this article proposes that in the design of an eco‐innovation, its degree of innovativeness, level of eco‐friendliness, and detachability significantly affect consumers' adoption intentions. This article develops various conceptual models tested through three independent online experiments with U.S. consumers. The findings support the hypotheses and provide useful insights into the underlying mechanisms of how and why consumers respond to eco‐innovative product designs across various high‐tech product categories. Specifically, the results show (1) a positive effect of innovativeness degrees of eco‐innovative attributes on consumers' perceptions of product eco‐friendliness and on their adoption intentions as well as a significant moderating role of consumers' need for cognition (Study 1); (2) a positive influence of eco‐friendliness levels of eco‐innovative attributes on consumer adoption intentions in the case of high‐complexity products but not for low‐complexity products, emphasizing the need to adopt different approaches when developing eco‐innovations to ensure favorable consumer reactions (Study 2); and (3) a significant impact of the detachability of eco‐innovative attributes on consumers' perceptions of trade‐offs between environmental benefits and product functionality and on their intentions to adopt eco‐innovations (Study 3). These findings add to existing theoretical knowledge, provide actionable managerial implications, and identify fruitful avenues for future research.
Plasma concentrations of steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids in healthy neonatal foals from birth to 7 days of age
Authors: Aleman Monica , McCue Patrick M. , Chigerwe Munashe , Madigan John E.
Published: September 2019

Background

Transient hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysfunction occurs in critically ill foals with sepsis and neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). Cortisol is the most commonly measured steroid. However, a complex interaction of various steroid compounds might play a role in pathophysiology of this disorder.

Objective

To identify steroid compounds present at high concentrations at birth that rapidly and steadily decrease within the first 7 days of life in healthy foals and that might be supportive diagnosis of NMS and other neonatal disorders.

Animals

Ten healthy neonatal Quarter Horse foals (5 females and 5 males).

Methods

Prospective study. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes within 30 minutes after birth, and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours of age. Plasma was separated and a panel of steroid compounds was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A nonlinear regression model was used to determine decay concentrations over time. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and significance was set aP ≤ .05.

Results

Five compounds were identified: pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations rapidly decreased by 24 hours of age and remained low throughout the first 7 days of life. Their half‐life (95% CI) was short at 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) and 4.5 (2.8, 6.1) hours, respectively. No statistical differences in the concentrations of these compounds were found between males and females.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Progesterone might be a useful marker for identifying continuous endogenous production of neuroactive steroids in foals with suspected NMS and other neonatal diseases.
Distribution and elimination of quinocetone and its major metabolites in Cherry Valley ducks
Authors: Qiu Mei , Liu Congmin , Tang Qihe , Zhang Yanping , Wang Haixia , Zhai Bing , Xu Kun , Zhou Yuanming , Qu Lihua , Li Qiu , Xu Jin , Bai Yubin , Hao Zhihui
Published: September 2019

We examined the tissue distribution and elimination of quinocetone (QCT) and its major metabolites 1‐desoxyquinocetone (1‐DQCT), di‐desoxyquinocetone (BDQCT), and 3‐methyl‐quinoxaline‐2‐carboxylic (MQCA) in ducks. The analytes were simultaneously quantitated using a UPLC‐MS/MS method after oral administration of QCT at 100 mg·kg−1 day−1 for 7 days. We found that QCT and its major metabolites were widely distributed in duck tissues. The concentrations indicated that the primary compound in the liver, kidney, and heart was MQCA and the primary compound in the stomach, intestine, spleen, and lung was QCT. We also identified that MQCA was the most appropriate compound for QCT residue monitoring. The liver and kidney are the primary QCT target organs in ducks, and this study provides clear monitoring tools and important data to evaluate its safety.
KHA‐CARI Guideline recommendations for renal biopsy
Authors: MacGinley Rob , Champion De Crespigny Paul J , Gutman Talia , Lopez‐Vargas Pamela , Manera Karine , Menahem Solomon , Saunders John , See Emily , Voss David , Wong Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY AT A GLANCE

This KHA‐CARI Guideline laid down principles for the care of patients undergoing kidney biopsy, and provides management guidelines from with‐holding of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents, application of desmopressin to postbiopsy bleeding care.
ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 acts as a negative modulator of seed germination by activating ABI3 expression
Authors: Lin Jia‐Hui , Yu Lin‐Hui , Xiang Cheng‐Bin
Published: September 2019

Seed germination is a crucial transition point in plant life and is tightly regulated by environmental conditions through the coordination of two phytohormones, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA). To avoid unfavorable conditions, plants have evolved safeguard mechanisms for seed germination.

The present contribution reports a novel function of the Arabidopsis MCM1/AGAMOUS/DEFICIENS/SRF(MADS)‐box transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 (ANR1) in seed germination.

ANR1 knockout mutant is insensitive to ABA, salt and osmotic stress during the seed germination and early seedling development stages, whereas ANR1‐overexpressing lines are hypersensitive. ANR1 is responsive to ABA and abiotic stresses and upregulates the expression of ABA Intolerant (ABI)3 to suppress seed germination. ANR1 and ABI3 have similar expression pattern during seed germination. Genetically, ABI3 acts downstream of ANR1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast‐one‐hybrid assays showed that ANR1 could bind to the ABI3 promoter to regulate its expression. In addition, ANR1 acts synergistically with AGL21 to suppress seed germination in response to ABA as evidenced by anr1 agl21 double mutant.

Taken together, the results herein demonstrate that the ANR1 plays an important role in regulating seed germination and early postgermination growth. ANR1 and AGL21 together constitutes a safeguard mechanism for seed germination to avoid unfavorable conditions.
Pre‐Registration Assessment of Bone‐Filling Products
Authors: Pan Shuo , Liu Bin , Min Yue , Sun Jia‐yi , Zhai Bao , Guo Xiao‐heng
Published: September 2019

The use of bone‐filling material to repair bone defects and fix implanted bone grafts is a developing area in medicine. Investigators can evaluate bone‐filling materials through use of several indices to make comparisons and to determine suitability for application in humans1. However, it is quite difficult to transform their discovery into practical use, because the viability of the studied material might require examination of all aspects of properties. In addition, for a material to become a product, a complete procedure involving a declaration, registration, and approval is necessary. This article introduces the technical indices that the investigators and reporters should provide in their declaration and registration data to meet the relevant standards in China. The indices include physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, biosecurity, pre‐clinical animal model tests, sterilization and disinfection, product duration, and packaging. Full consideration of all possible indices is crucial to realize the transformation from a designed product to a commercial medical device, which requires effective interaction between clinicians and engineers.
Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Hafrún , Jóhannsdóttir Kamilla R. , Pic Miguel , Saavedra Jose M.
Published: September 2019

Women's football has been far less studied than men's. This work's objectives were to: (1) analyze the differences in psychological skills, mental toughness (MT), and anxiety in women football players according to their level (national team, first division, and second division); and (2) predict those three levels (using a multivariate model) according to the players’ psychological skills, mental toughness, and anxiety. One hundred and forty‐two Icelandic women football players (23.5 ± 3.5 years) participated in the study. They were classified into three groups according to their level: national team, and first and second divisions. Three questionnaires were used: the Test of Performance Strategies Questionnaire, the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the Sport Anxiety Scale‐2 questionnaire. A one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction was used to examine differences between teams. Applying a classification tree analysis, the participants were classified into three groups according to their level. There were few differences between the three groups in psychological skills, but in mental toughness and anxiety the national team had the highest and lowest values respectively, and the first and second division players differed in relaxation in competition (TOPS), total score and confidence (SMTQ), and worry (SAS‐2). The classification tree correctly classified 54.9% of the sample with the variables total score (SMTQ) and activation in practice (TOPS). Therefore, given the relevance that psychological attributes appear to have for women football players’ performance, it would seem indispensable to incorporate the figure of the sports psychologist into national and club teams.
Mixed‐effects models for health care longitudinal data with an informative visiting process: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Gasparini Alessandro , Abrams Keith R. , Barrett Jessica K. , Major Rupert W. , Sweeting Michael J. , Brunskill Nigel J. , Crowther Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Electronic health records are being increasingly used in medical research to answer more relevant and detailed clinical questions; however, they pose new and significant methodological challenges. For instance, observation times are likely correlated with the underlying disease severity: Patients with worse conditions utilise health care more and may have worse biomarker values recorded. Traditional methods for analysing longitudinal data assume independence between observation times and disease severity; yet, with health care data, such assumptions unlikely hold. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we compare different analytical approaches proposed to account for an informative visiting process to assess whether they lead to unbiased results. Furthermore, we formalise a joint model for the observation process and the longitudinal outcome within an extended joint modelling framework. We illustrate our results using data from a pragmatic trial on enhanced care for individuals with chronic kidney disease, and we introduce user‐friendly software that can be used to fit the joint model for the observation process and a longitudinal outcome.
The ‘Nifty Fifty’: medical student ward work guide
Authors: Noble Rebecca A , Peal Charlotte A
Published: September 2019

Background

Final‐year medical students have many timetabled clinical and academic commitments. Independent ward time is an opportunity for students to experience situated learning; however, there are a number of barriers to participation. We aimed to identify barriers to independent ward work and provide a tool to maximise learning opportunities and encourage multidisciplinary learning. We created the booklet: Nifty Fifty: Ways to Avoid Being a Trip Hazard on the Wards using anecdotal and personal experience to guide curriculum‐orientated learning.

Methods

Students undertaking attachments on medical wards at Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham, UK, were provided with a small printed handbook of 50 suggested activities to participate in when on a ward. Feedback was collected at the beginning, middle and end of the attachment, with the handbook distributed following a mid‐attachment questionnaire. This feedback was compared with that of a control group. Quantitative data were subsequently analysed.

We created the booklet: Nifty Fifty … using anecdotal and personal experience to guide curriculum‐orientated learning

Results

Post‐intervention feedback showed an improvement in the frequency of ward attendance, a reduction in the perceived barriers to independent ward work and an increase in the perceived usefulness of ward attendance. Students who received the handbook reported an improvement in confidence in self‐directed ward work compared with the control group.

Discussion

We have demonstrated that a simple handbook may assist in the facilitation of independent ward work for final‐year medical students, with widespread improvements in measured outcomes. Our project was limited by size, but we believe that its positive results could be scaled up.
Transfusion in limited infrastructure locations – where to go decades after safe blood initiative by World Health Organization?
Authors: Ugwu Angela , Gwarzo Dalha , Nwagha Theresa , Gwarzo Aisha , Greinacher Andreas
Published: September 2019

Transfusion demand in sub‐Saharan Africa is increasing. Establishment of large national blood services seems to be challenging. Hospital blood services maintain the basic supply. However, they lack effective communication networks. Cell phones/internet provides the infrastructure for establishing such networks and could help in establishing haemovigilance systems. Voluntary non‐remunerated donors are the minority of donors (<20%). It seems more appropriate to develop strategies to increase the safety of replacement donor blood instead of insisting on copying Western‐world models. Red cell serology is usually restricted to ABO/Rh‐D and at best Coombs crossmatch. Introduction of antibody differentiation and additional typing for C,c,E,e and K would prevent 60–70% of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions. One of the most frequent indications for blood transfusion is major haemorrhage. Why is component therapy still recommended for resource‐limited regions, while whole blood is reintroduced in Europe/US for exactly the same indications? Plasma thawed due to electricity failures is usually discarded anyway. Leuco‐depleted products would be beneficial (multitransfused sickle‐cell patients/neonates/AIDS). An ideal blood product could be whole blood, in‐line leuco reduced by gravity filtration, treated by user‐friendly pathogen‐reduction not requiring irradiation/illumination. The transfusion medicine community should form an alliance to develop an affordable, pathogen‐reduced blood product, to train regional auditors and to bring in external expertise to aid knowledge transfer. However, standards to be reached should be defined by the respective national experts who understand the culture and needs of their country. In respectful collaboration, we could learn from each other to finally improve transfusion in resource‐limited regions.
tt-geometry of Tate motives over algebraically closed fields
Authors: Gallauer Martin
Published: September 2019

We study Tate motives with integral coefficients through the lens of tensor triangular geometry. For some base fields, including$\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$and$\overline{\mathbb{F}_{p}}$, we arrive at a complete description of the tensor triangular spectrum and a classification of the thick tensor ideals.
Active Roll Control System Design With Considering Actuator Constraints for Passenger Car
Authors: Kim Changseb , Huh Kunsoo
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes an active roll control system for passenger cars. The roll actuator with electric motor is expected to replace the hydraulic roll control actuator with the better performance. In order to meet those expectations, highly precise control methods are needed for adjusting the roll motion of the vehicle. In this study, roll dynamics of vehicle and the properties of active roll actuators are investigated first including the latency of the actuator. The identification method is designed to estimate the key parameters of the suspension system. The reference model method is proposed to determine the target roll states and the model predictive control (MPC) method is adopted to control the rolling motion. The roll moment distribution method is also designed between the front and rear actuators considering the load transfer. The proposed control system is validated via simulations and experiments.
Experimental Investigation of Confined Swirling Flow and Its Interaction With a Bluff Body
Authors: Tianxing Zhang , Alshehhi Mohamed , Khezzar Lyes , Xia Yakang , Kharoua Nabil
Published: September 2019

Detailed laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements of profiles of mean axial and tangential velocities and their corresponding root-mean-square (RMS) components in confined turbulent swirling pipe flow with and without the presence of a conical bluff body have been conducted. The working fluid was water and the Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity inside the pipe was equal to 40,850. The main focus of the study was to document the interaction between turbulent swirling flow inside a pipe and in the presence of a conical bluff body. The flow structure was found in all cases to be composed of a forced-free vortex. The swirl decay was exponential for Reynolds numbers of 40,850 and 14,450. The effect of the presence of the bluff body on the flow is limited to a short region upstream of it; so that the effect on the flow structure and strength of swirl upstream can be considered negligible. The flow around the bluff body adopts a different structure where the mean axial and tangential velocities tend to assume uniform profiles with turbulence activity limited to the region close to the surface of the bluff body.
A Combinatorial Approach for Constructing Lattice Structures
Authors: Verma Chaman Singh , Rankouhi Behzad , Suresh Krishnan
Published: September 2019

Lattice structures exhibit unique properties including a large surface area and a highly distributed load-path. This makes them very effective in engineering applications where weight reduction, thermal dissipation, and energy absorption are critical. Furthermore, with the advent of additive manufacturing (AM), lattice structures are now easier to fabricate. However, due to inherent surface complexity, their geometric construction can pose significant challenges. A classic strategy for constructing lattice structures exploits analytic surface–surface intersection; this, however, lacks robustness and scalability. An alternate strategy is voxel mesh-based isosurface extraction. While this is robust and scalable, the surface quality is mesh-dependent, and the triangulation will require significant postdecimation. A third strategy relies on explicit geometric stitching where tessellated open cylinders are stitched together through a series of geometric operations. This was demonstrated to be efficient and scalable, requiring no postprocessing. However, it was limited to lattice structures with uniform beam radii. Furthermore, existing algorithms rely on explicit convex-hull construction which is known to be numerically unstable. In this paper, a combinatorial stitching strategy is proposed where tessellated open cylinders of arbitrary radii are stitched together using topological operations. The convex hull construction is handled through a simple and robust projection method, avoiding expensive exact-arithmetic calculations and improving the computational efficiency. This is demonstrated through several examples involving millions of triangles. On a typical eight-core desktop, the proposed algorithm can construct approximately up to a million cylinders per second.
Pain After Whole-Body Vibration Exposure Is Frequency Dependent and Independent of the Resonant Frequency: Lessons From an In Vivo Rat Model
Authors: Holsgrove Timothy P. , Zeeman Martha E. , Welch William C. , Winkelstein Beth A.
Published: September 2019

Occupational whole-body vibration (WBV) increases the risk of developing low back and neck pain; yet, there has also been an increased use of therapeutic WBV in recent years. Although the resonant frequency (fr) of the spine decreases as the exposure acceleration increases, effects of varying the vibration profile, including peak-to-peak displacement (sptp), root-mean-squared acceleration (arms), and frequency (f), on pain onset are not known. An established in vivo rat model of WBV was used to characterize the resonance of the spine using sinusoidal sweeps. The relationship between arms and fr was defined and implemented to assess behavioral sensitivity—a proxy for pain. Five groups were subjected to a single 30-min exposure, each with a different vibration profile, and a sham group underwent only anesthesia exposure. The behavioral sensitivity was assessed at baseline and for 7 days following WBV-exposure. Only WBV at 8 Hz induced behavioral sensitivity, and the higher arms exposure at 8 Hz led to a more robust pain response. These results suggest that the development of pain is frequency-dependent, but further research into the mechanisms leading to pain is warranted to fully understand which WBV profiles may be detrimental or beneficial.
A Proof of Concept for Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Left Atrium in Atrial Fibrillation on a Patient-Specific Basis
Authors: Masci Alessandro , Alessandrini Martino , Forti Davide , Menghini Filippo , Dedé Luca , Tomasi Corrado , Quarteroni Alfio , Corsi Cristiana
Published: September 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of cerebrovascular events, being responsible of 15–18% of all strokes. The morphological and functional remodeling of the left atrium (LA) caused by AF favors blood stasis and, consequently, stroke risk. In this context, several clinical studies suggest that the stroke risk stratification could be improved by using hemodynamic information on the LA and the left atrial appendage (LAA). The goal of this study was to develop a personalized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the LA which could clarify the hemodynamic implications of AF on a patient-specific basis. In this paper, we present the developed model and its application to two AF patients as a preliminary advancement toward an optimized stroke risk stratification pipeline.
Dynamic Output Controllers for Exponential Stabilization of Periodic Orbits for Multidomain Hybrid Models of Robotic Locomotion
Authors: Akbari Hamed Kaveh , Safaee Bita , Gregg Robert D.
Published: September 2019

The primary goal of this paper is to develop an analytical framework to systematically design dynamic output feedback controllers that exponentially stabilize multidomain periodic orbits for hybrid dynamical models of robotic locomotion. We present a class of parameterized dynamic output feedback controllers such that (1) a multidomain periodic orbit is induced for the closed-loop system and (2) the orbit is invariant under the change of the controller parameters. The properties of the Poincaré map are investigated to show that the Jacobian linearization of the Poincaré map around the fixed point takes a triangular form. This demonstrates the nonlinear separation principle for hybrid periodic orbits. We then employ an iterative algorithm based on a sequence of optimization problems involving bilinear matrix inequalities to tune the controller parameters. A set of sufficient conditions for the convergence of the algorithm to stabilizing parameters is presented. Full-state stability and stability modulo yaw under dynamic output feedback control are addressed. The power of the analytical approach is ultimately demonstrated through designing a nonlinear dynamic output feedback controller for walking of a three-dimensional (3D) humanoid robot with 18 state variables and 325 controller parameters.
A High-Accuracy Calibration Method Using Sensor Sensitivity Difference for Piezoelectric Dynamometer
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shao Jun , Ren Zongjin , Yu Jing , Li Xinyang , Jia Zhenyuan
Published: September 2019

High-accuracy measurement of force affects real-time control and process adjustment of industrial production. Piezoelectric sensor can be applied to measure force with the characteristics of high frequency and stiffness, great dynamic response and resistance to harsh conditions. As an important part of test, calibration determines sensitivity coefficient which directly affects test accuracy. To improve the calibration accuracy of offset loading force for multisensor piezoelectric dynamometer, a novel calibration method using sensor sensitivity difference is proposed in this paper. The calibration experiments of four sensors are performed to obtain the axial sensitivities and the force-to-electricity conversion coefficients. The multiple loading-point (MLP) calibration experiments of dynamometer are carried out, and the calibration results prove that the sensitivity difference of four sensors is the main reason affecting the calibration accuracy. The sensitivity difference calibration method (SDCM) is applied to the MLP calibration experiments, and the results show that the average resultant force deviations are reduced from 418.79 N (8.38% full scare (FS) to 24.16 N (0.61% FS) under a loading force of 5000 N, which proves high accuracy and reliability of SDCM. The calibration method will provide guidance for improving the calibration accuracy of dynamometer.
Conditions for Wall Thickness Reduction in Hollow Sinking of SUS304 Tubes With Drawing Speed Control in Entrance and Exit Sides of Die
Authors: Kishimoto Takuma , Gondo Shiori , Takemoto Kosuke , Tashima Kenichi , Suzuki Shinsuke
Published: September 2019

In this study, the conditions for wall thickness reduction in hollow sinking were obtained by tube drawing experiments in which the drawing speed ratio was controlled under three conditions (1.09, 1.11, and 1.14). These conditions have not been found in the history of hollow sinking. The results of the experiment and the theoretical formulas indicate that the geometric condition is obtained from the figure of the ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter after drawing against that ratio before drawing. Furthermore, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter after drawing must be above the constant wall thickness line derived from the cross-sectional change. To satisfy this geometric condition, the drawing speed ratio must be larger than the threshold value, which is obtained from the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter before drawing, and the reduction of the die. However, the value of the back stress approaches that of the strength of the tube when the drawing speed ratio increases. A simple dynamical model shows that parameters other than the drawing speed ratio do not significantly decrease the back stress during drawing. Therefore, the drawing speed ratio should be set such that the tube does not break.
An Autonomous Docking Mechanism for Vertical Lift Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: Papayanopoulos John , Webb Kevin , Rogers Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being tasked to connect to payload objects or docking stations for the purposes of package transport or recharging. However, autonomous docking creates challenges in that the air vehicle must precisely position itself with respect to the dock, oftentimes in the presence of uncertain winds and measurement errors. This paper describes an autonomous docking mechanism comprising a static ring and actuated legs, coupled with an infrared tracking device for closed-loop docking maneuvers. The dock’s unique mechanical design enables precise passive positioning such that the air vehicle slides into a precise location and orientation in the dock from a wide range of entry conditions. This leads to successful docking in the presence of winds and sensor measurement errors. A closed-loop infrared tracking system is also described in which the vehicle tracks an infrared beacon located on the dock during the descent to landing. A detailed analysis is presented describing the interaction dynamics between the aircraft and the dock, and system parameters are optimized through the use of trade studies and Monte Carlo analysis with a three degree-of-freedom simulation model. Experimental results are presented demonstrating successful docking maneuvers of an autonomous air vehicle in both indoor and outdoor environments. These repeatable docking experiments verify the robustness and practical utility of the dock design for a variety of emerging applications.
Modeling and Simulation of Robotic Finger Powered by Nylon Artificial Muscles
Authors: Saharan Lokesh , Wu Lianjun , Tadesse Yonas
Published: September 2019

A robotic finger actuated by novel artificial muscles known as twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) muscles has been proposed as an inexpensive, yet high-performance component of a robotic hand in recent years. In this paper, the Euler–Lagrangian method coupled with an electro-thermo-mechanical model-based transfer function was used for the analysis of finger joints in the hand. Experiments were performed at three power magnitudes provided to the TCP muscles, and the output angular displacements of the index finger subtended corresponding to the power levels were measured. The measured input and output parameters were used for system identification. To elucidate how the new artificial muscle influences the finger motion, two types of numerical simulations were performed: force input simulation (FIS) using measured force as an input and power input simulation (PIS) using measured electrical power as an input. Results were quantified statistically, and the simulated data were compared with the experimental results. Sensitivity analysis was also presented to understand the effect of the mechanical properties on the system. This model will help in understanding the effect of the TCP muscles and other similar smart actuators on the dynamics of the robotic finger.
Socialization of Preservice Adapted Physical Educators: Influence of Teacher Education
Authors: Wilson Wesley J. , Richards K. Andrew R.
Published: September 2019

Occupational socialization theory has been used to understand the recruitment, education, and socialization of physical education teachers for nearly 40 yr. It has, however, only recently been applied to the study of adapted physical education teachers. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to understand the socialization of preservice teachers in an adapted physical education teacher education graduate-level program. Participants included 17 purposefully selected preservice teachers (5 male and 12 female) enrolled in a yearlong graduate-level adapted physical education teacher education program. Qualitative data were collected using interviews, reflective journaling, and field notes taken during teaching and coursework observations. Data analysis resulted in the construction of 3 themes: overcoming contextual challenges to meet learners’ needs, the importance of field-based teacher education, and coping with the challenges of marginalization. The discussion connects to and advances occupational socialization theory in adapted physical education and suggests that professional socialization may have a more profound influence on preservice adapted physical education teachers than on their physical education counterparts.
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in hydroxyanthraquinones: Toward predicting fading of organic red colorants in art
Authors: Berenbeim J.A. , Boldissar S. , Owens S. , Haggmark M.R. , Gate G. , Siouri F.M. , Cohen T. , Rode M. F. , Patterson C. Schmidt , de Vries M.S.
Published: September 2019

The chemical structure of red dye affects response to light, helping to understand fading and inform protection of works of art.
Gravity surveys using a mobile atom interferometer
Authors: Wu Xuejian , Pagel Zachary , Malek Bola S. , Nguyen Timothy H. , Zi Fei , Scheirer Daniel S. , Müller Holger
Published: September 2019

A mobile atomic gravimeter based on atom interferometry has been driven for surveying gravity in the hills.
Mechanism of Tolerance to the Lignin-Derived Inhibitor
p
-Benzoquinone and Metabolic Modification of Biorefinery Fermentation Strains
Authors: Yan Zhao , Gao Xiaochuang , Gao Qiuqiang , Bao Jie
Published: September 2019

This study advances our understanding of BQ inhibition behavior and the mechanism of microbial tolerance to this inhibitor and identifies the key genes responsible for BQ detoxification. The insights here into BQ toxicity and tolerance provide the basis for future synthetic biology to engineer industrial fermentation strains with enhanced BQ tolerance.