bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian optimization of resonant dispersive wave generation in hollow capillary fibers
Authors: Klee Tim , Mukherjee Rick , Broughton Joseph J. , Ferchaud Clément , Brahms Christian , Travers John C. , Mintert Florian , Tisch John W. G.
Published: January 2025

Resonant dispersive wave (RDW) generation in hollow capillary fibers (HCFs) is a powerful technique for producing ultrashort light pulses in the deep ultraviolet range, which are important for ultrafast spectroscopy and material processing. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics governing this process and the large associated parameter space make it challenging to achieve optimal RDW pulses with the highest peak power. In this study, Bayesian optimization (BO) is coupled with the open source Luna.jl simulation framework to optimize the HCF and pump pulse paramters for less than 5 femtosecond (fs) RDW generation at a target wavelength of 200 nm. Temporally non-structured RDW were consistently identified with peak powers of up to 14 GW, exceeding experimentally published values by up to 70 %. Furthermore, a subset of the RDW optima exhibited an energy stability that is better than that of the pump pulse. Given that this approach can be generalized to other RDW wavelengths, our findings suggest that BO is a valuable tool in developing HCF systems that support RDW generation tailored to a particular experimental need.
Two-photon absorption induced photocurrent of a β-Ga2O3 film photodetector
Authors: Zhang Biaobing , Dong Dianmeng , Zhao Hongmei , Wu Zhenping , Deng Gang-Hua , Xia Andong
Published: January 2025

The ultra-wide bandgap and diverse material systems of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) make it an attractive candidate for cutting-edge semiconductor research. In this work, two-photon absorption induced photocurrent generation in a β-Ga2O3 film photodetector was investigated using femtosecond laser pulses over a wide range of average incident powers and input laser wavelengths. The occurrence of two-photon absorption (TPA) in nonlinear photocurrent generation was confirmed by analyzing the power-dependent response in which the photocurrent of the β-Ga2O3 film photodetectors shows a quadratic dependence on incident power. The spectral response of the TPA photocurrent peaks around 200 nm, exhibiting a 50 nm blue shift compared to the one-photon response. This difference results from their distinct selection rules. The large blue shift into the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region is advantageous for measuring the pulse duration of ultrafast laser pulses in the UV region. Subsequently, we tentatively performed an autocorrelation measurement based on the TPA-induced photocurrent of the β-Ga2O3 film photodetectors at 400 nm. This approach shows potential for developing an autocorrelator to measure ultrafast laser pulses in the ultraviolet region of 370 to 440 nm, as indicated by the TPA photocurrent spectrum.
Femtosecond Bessel laser beam generated directly from a mode-locked solid-state oscillator with axicon output couplers
Authors: Li Dongfang , Liu Heyan , Chen Ziyang , Yang Shiya , Zhang Shenao , Wang Qing , Dai Kunjian , Zhang Jinwei
Published: January 2025

Ultrafast Bessel beams have shown great potential in scientific research and industrial applications, particularly in laser material processing. However, traditional methods for generating Bessel beams typically rely on external phase elements, which increase the complexity and reduce the efficiency of the laser system. Here, we report a compact Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KGW laser oscillator that can directly generate ultrafast Bessel beams using coated axicons as intracavity output couplers. Femtosecond Bessel beams with average power exceeding 1 W, a repetition rate of 69.3 MHz, and tunable diffraction-free distances were produced at three different base angles, and the shortest pulse duration was 105 fs. This approach eliminates the requirement for external optics, significantly simplifying system setup and improving stability. The proposed laser oscillator provides a practical solution for high-precision laser material processing and other advanced ultrafast beam applications.
Tunable terahertz metasurface for absorption and wavefront manipulation with VO2 and photoconductive silicon
Authors: Wu Wenxuan
Published: January 2025

As terahertz waves demonstrate more and more potential research value, it is significant to achieve perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves and effective control of wavefront manipulation simultaneously. In this paper, we present a VO2 and Si-based dual control multifunctional terahertz metasurface meta-atom with tunable efficiency for perfect absorption and wavefront manipulation. By changing the voltage and light intensity, the conductivity of VO2 and Si is changed from an insulating to a metallic state which can make the absorber from “OFF” to “ON”. More than 90% absorption efficiency in a wide wavelength range of 0.6-1.0 THz is achieved both for linearly and circularly polarized light incidence. In addition, the perfect absorber is angle-insensitive both for TE and TM incident waves. When the conductivity of VO2 is varied from metallic to insulting keeping Si at high conductivity, the function of this structure can switch to wavefront manipulation from absorber and can be used for the anomalous reflector, vortex light generation, and focusing. While achieving efficient cross-polarization at 0.6-1.0 THz, we also can adjust the conductivity of VO2 to regulate it dynamically. Moreover, the perfect absorber is angle-insensitive to incident TE and TM waves. The numerical simulation results are in basic agreement with the theoretical results by using multiple interference theory, which also provides a model for the physical mechanism of the bi-material absorber based on VO2 and Si. Finally, we also find the optimal conductivity corresponding to the two modes of operation based on the effect of light intensity on the absorber as well as the wavefront manipulation efficiency. Again, this means that we can select the absorption and wavefront manipulation we need by varying the intensity of the light and the amount of voltage. This paves the way for the future development of dual-control, dual-function high-efficiency terahertz metasurfaces.
GorillaFACS: The Facial Action Coding System for the Gorilla spp.
Authors: Correia-Caeiro Catia , Costa Raquel , Hayashi Misato , Burrows Anne , Pater Jordan , Miyabe-Nishiwaki Takako , Richardson Jack L. , Robbins Martha M. , Waller Bridget , Liebal Katja
Published: January 2025

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is an objective observation tool for measuring human facial behaviour. It avoids subjective attributions of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). FACS has been adapted to 11 other taxa, including most apes, macaques and domestic animals, but not yet gorillas. To carry out cross species studies of facial expressions within and beyond apes, gorillas need to be included in such studies. Hence, we developed the GorillaFACS for the Gorilla spp. We followed similar methodology as previous FACS: First, we examined the facial muscular plan of the gorilla. Second, we analysed gorilla videos in a wide variety of contexts to identify their spontaneous facial movements. Third, we classified the individual facial movements according to appearance changes produced by the corresponding underlying musculature. A diverse repertoire of 42 facial movements was identified in the gorilla, including 28 AUs and 14 Action Descriptors, with several new movements not identified in the HumanFACS. Although some of the movements in gorillas differ from humans, the total number of AUs is comparable to the HumanFACS (32 AUs). Importantly, the gorilla’s range of facial movements was larger than expected, suggesting a more relevant role in social interactions than what was previously assumed. GorillaFACS is a scientific tool to measure facial movements, and thus, will allow us to better understand the gorilla’s expressions and communication. Furthermore, GorillaFACS has the potential be used as an important tool to evaluate this species welfare, particularly in settings of close proximity to humans.
Impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of TB with vaccines and treatment
Authors: Mulugeta Kumneger Tadesse , Dawed Mohammed Yiha , Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly infectious diseases affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of TB with vaccine and treatment strategy using mathematical model analysis. In the qualitative analysis of the proposed model we proved the existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of the model solutions, investigated both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points, computed the basic and effective reproduction numbers using next generation matrix approach, analyzed the stability analysis of the equilibrium points, the backward bifurcation using the Castillo-Chavez and Song theorem and we re-formulated the corresponding optimal control problem and analyzed by applying the Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. In the model quantitative (numerical) analysis part, we performed the model parameters sensitivity analysis and carried out numerical simulation to verify the qualitative analysis results. The findings of the study indicate that if the reproduction number is less than one, the solution converges to the disease-free state, signifying the asymptotic stability of the TB-free steady state. Moreover, the existence of a backward bifurcation shows that the disease-free equilibrium coexists with one or more endemic equilibria, even when the basic reproduction number is less than 1. Furthermore, it is found that as media efficacy increases, the disease infection rate decreases, which consequently leads to an increase in prevention and treatment control strategies.
Beyond the jab: Unravelling the complexities of vaccine adoption for East Coast Fever in rural Kenya
Authors: Muthiru Ann W. , Muema Josphat , Mutono Nyamai , Thumbi S. M. , Bukachi Salome A.
Published: January 2025

East Coast Fever (ECF) is one of the leading causes of livestock mortality and reduced productivity across Eastern Africa, and while a live vaccine against it known as the Infection and Treatment Method has existed for three decades now, its adoption by affected communities remains low. This study sought to provide a detailed examination of the dynamics that shape Infection Treatment Method (ITM) vaccine adoption behaviours. The study examined individual, socio-cultural and ecological- level factors influencing ITM adoption using the socio-ecological model. Analyzing data obtained from 18 focus group discussions, 30 in-depth interviews with livestock keepers, and 25 key informant interviews conducted with community stakeholders, the study identified factors associated with vaccine adoption within pastoralist communities in rural Kenya. These factors included knowledge and awareness of the Infection Treatment Method vaccine, its cost, livestock keepers’ perceptions of East Coast fever relative to other livestock diseases, wildlife-livestock interactions, climate as contributing factors, and wildlife-livestock interactions influencing ECF risk and severity. Overall, the study findings emphasize the need for multifaceted strategies to increase vaccine adoption among livestock keepers.
Does opting in or out affect the take up of incentives in a long running population-based cohort study: A nested randomised trial in ALSPAC
Authors: Northstone Kate , Bowring Claire
Published: January 2025

Background

Financial incentives may be important for improving response rates to data collection activities and for retaining participants in longitudinal studies. However, for large studies, this introduces significant additional costs. We sought to determine whether an opt-in or an opt-out option for receiving financial incentives when completing questionnaires offers any cost saving measures.

Methods

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children has been ongoing for more than 30 years. It has offered a £10 incentive for returning a partly or fully completed annual questionnaire for >10 years, this is provided by default unless a participant chooses to opt out. For questionnaires completed in 2020 by the original parents recruited to the study and by their offspring, we randomised eligible participants to either opt-out or to opt-in to receiving their vouchers. Logistic regressions determined whether opt-out or opt-in made any difference to the proportion of respondents receiving their vouchers.

Results

Respondents are less likely to choose to receive a thank you for their time in the form of a £10 shopping voucher if they are asked to opt in compared to if they are asked to opt out. The odds ratio, adjusted for baseline characteristics was 3.94 (95% Confidence Interval: 3.49, 4.45). There was no difference in response rates according to whether respondents were randomised to the opt-in or opt-out group.

Conclusions

ALSPAC now employs an opt-in procedure for respondents receiving their financial incentive when completing a questionnaire. We recommend similar studies that rely on volunteers consider this option if they want to introduce some cost savings without harming overall response rates.
Obstacles to emergency medical consultation in cases of conflict-related sexual violence
Authors: Mukwege Denis , M. Mugisho Gilbert , Maroyi Raha
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite the availability of a well-developed holistic care model for victims of conflict-related sexual violence, little is known about the factors that determine late presentation for care post-sexual violence care. Drawing from data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this study aimed to determine obstacles to accessing emergency medical care within 72-hours of sexual violence (SV).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 4048 victims of SV treated at Panzi Hospital (PH) in Bukavu city between 2015 and 2018. The factors of access to care within 72h were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

88% of the victims consulted after 72h post sexual violence. Several sociodemographic factors were found to limit access to the medical care post-sexual violence including the victim’s age (p = 0,022), place of residence (p = 0,000) and education level (p = 0,039). Clinical discomfort from pain during urination (p = 0,002) and fear of pregnancy (p = 0,000) were also associated with late assessment of care.

Conclusion

Seeking medical care within 72 hours after sexual violence within the critical 72-hours timeframe is crucial to avoid several medical complications stemming from SV. Improvement will be achieved by integrating the post-exposure prophylaxis protocol into primary health care, as well as by increasing community awareness of the relevance of timely consultation after sexual abuse.
Climate change heterogeneity: A new quantitative approach
Authors: Rivas María Dolores Gadea , Gonzalo Jesús
Published: January 2025

Climate change is a spatial and temporarily non-uniform phenomenon that requires understanding its evolution to better evaluate its potential societal and economic impact. The value added of this paper lies in introducing a quantitative methodology grounded in the trend analysis of temperature distribution quantiles to analyze climate change heterogeneity (CCH). By converting these quantiles into time series objects, the methodology empowers the definition and measurement of various relevant concepts in climate change analysis (warming, warming typology, warming amplification and warming acceleration) in a straightforward and robust testable linear regression format. It also facilitates the introduction of new testable concepts like warming dominance to compare (globally or partially) the warming process experienced by different regions. Furthermore, the methodology holds the added significance of concurrently encompassing both temporal and spatial dimensions in temperature analysis, owing to the close alignment between unconditional quantiles and latitude measures. Applying our quantitative methodology for the period 1950-2019 to the Globe (2192 stations) and Spain (30 stations) as a benchmark region, we find that both experience a distributional warming process (beyond the standard average) but of very different types. While the Globe experiences a stronger warming in the lower temperatures than in the upper ones, Spain evolves from equal warming in the whole distribution toward a stronger warming in the upper quantiles (similar to the warming process experienced in the African continent). In the two cases, the warming process accelerates (non-linear behavior) over time and is asymmetrically amplified. Overall, although both the Globe and Spain suffer an equivalent warming process in the median (mean) temperature, Spain’s warming dominates the Globe in the upper quantiles and is dominated in the lower tail of the global temperature distribution that corresponds to the Arctic region. Our climate change heterogeneity results open the door to the need for a non-uniform causal-effect climate analysis that goes beyond the standard causality in mean and for a more efficient design of the mitigation-adaptation policies. In particular, the heterogeneity found suggests these policies should contain a common global component and a clear local-regional idiosyncratic element. The latter is usually more straightforward to implement.
Beauty of symmetry ‐ The impact of logo symmetry on perceived product quality
Authors: Wu Xianghu
Published: January 2025

In an era of intense brand competition, a successful logo can effectively boost consumer awareness of a company. However, existing research has not thoroughly examined the aspect of symmetry in logo design. Addressing this gap, the present study investigates the impact of logo symmetry on consumers’ perceived product quality. Through three online experiments, the results revealed that symmetrical logos significantly enhance perceived product quality compared to asymmetrical logos, with perceived stability mediating this effect. Furthermore, the study confirmed the moderating role of cognitive load, showing that symmetrical logos positively affect perceived product quality only under low cognitive load, while this effect vanishes under high cognitive load. This study contributes to the field of visual logo design and provides practical insights for companies in product promotion and logo design.
3D ophthalmic ultrasonography at the slit lamp using existing ultrasound systems
Authors: Thomas Jack O. , To Josiah K. , Riazi Esfahani Parsa , Kruggel Frithjof , Tang William C. , Browne Andrew W.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the feasibility and performance of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) imaging in ophthalmology using commercially available ultrasound probes adapted to a slit lamp.

Significance

Despite ultrasound’s long-standing application in eye care for visualizing ocular components, the evolution of 3DUS technology has remained inactive, with limited development and commercial availability. This study introduces a novel method that could potentially enhance ophthalmic diagnostics and treatment planning by providing comprehensive 3D views of ocular structures using existing ultrasound probes adapted to the conventional slit lamp.

Methods

A custom system was designed for mounting a linear actuator to a slit lamp and enabling the horizontal actuation of any ultrasound probe. Ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic ultrasound probes were tested for their ability to reconstruct 3DUS images of the posterior pole. The study involved designing and evaluating three US phantoms ex vivo and performing in vivo imaging on human subjects to assess the system’s applicability.

Results

The system successfully acquired 3D volume scans of phantoms and live human eyes, demonstrating the system’s potential for detailed ocular imaging. The adaptability of the device allowed for compatibility with various ultrasound probes. In vivo imaging revealed the system’s capability to produce high-resolution 3D reconstructions of ocular structures, including eyes with pathological conditions.

Conclusions

The introduction of a slit lamp-mounted 3DUS system represents a significant advancement in ophthalmic ultrasonography, offering a practical and accessible solution for comprehensive 3D ocular assessments. The device’s modularity and compatibility with existing ultrasound probes make it a versatile tool for a wide range of ophthalmic applications. Further research and clinical trials are needed to optimize the system’s performance and validate its clinical utility.
Characterizing temporal and global host innate immune responses against SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infection in pathologically relevant human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Tat Vivian Y. , Drelich Aleksandra K. , Huang Pinghan , Khanipov Kamil , Hsu Jason C. , Widen Steven G. , Tseng Chien-Te Kent , Golovko George
Published: January 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) and -2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs) that have caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, a better understanding of host responses to β-CoVs would provide insights into the pathogenesis of these viruses to identify potential targets for medical countermeasures. In this study, our objective is to use a systems biology approach to explore the magnitude and scope of innate immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infection over time in pathologically relevant human lung epithelial cells (Calu-3/2B4 cells). Total RNA extracted at 12, 24, and 48 hours after β-CoVs or mock infection of Calu-3/2B4 cells were subjected to RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis to select genes whose expressions were significantly modulated post-infection. The results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-1 and -2 stimulate similar yet distinct innate antiviral signaling pathways in pathologically relevant human lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that many genes related to the viral life cycle, interferons, and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated at multiple time points. Based on their profound modulation upon infection by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Omicron BA.1, four ISGs, i.e., bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), Z-DNA Binding Protein 1 (ZBP1), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11 (CXCL11), and Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 1 (IFITM1), were identified as potential drug targets against β-CoVs. Our findings suggest that these genes affect both pathogens directly and indirectly through the innate immune response, making them potential targets for host-directed antivirals. Altogether, our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection induce differential effects on host innate immune responses.
Association of preoperative body mass index with postoperative complications and survival for patients with gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Cui Lili , Sun Jing , Liu Wanlu
Published: January 2025

Objective

The relationship among body mass index (BMI), postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis.

Method

We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 25, 2024. Patients were classified into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–25.0 kg/m2), and overweight (≥25.0 kg/m2) groups based on BMI categories. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Additionally, exploratory sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.

Results

Twenty-two studies involving 41,144 patients with gastric cancer were included for quantitative analysis. Preoperative underweight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.55; P = 0.024) and overweight (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.09–1.30; P <0.001) were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Furthermore, preoperative underweight was associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.28–1.53; P <0.001), whereas preoperative overweight was associated with better over-survival (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.73–0.91; P <0.001). Furthermore, preoperative underweight was not associated with disease-free survival (HR: 1.48; 95%CI: 0.97–2.26; P = 0.069), whereas preoperative overweight was associated with longer disease-free survival (HR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.70–0.91; P = 0.001). In terms of specific postoperative complications, preoperative underweight was associated with an increased risk of septic shock (OR: 3.40; 95%CI: 1.26–9.17; P = 0.015) and a reduced risk of fever (OR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.18–0.83; P = 0.014). Preoperative overweight was associated with an increased risk of wound infections (OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.08–2.93; P = 0.023), intestinal fistula (OR: 5.23; 95%CI: 1.93–14.21; P = 0.001), arrhythmia (OR: 6.38; 95%CI: 1.70–24.01; P = 0.006), and pancreatic fistula (OR: 3.37; 95%CI: 1.14–9.96; P = 0.028).

Conclusion

This study revealed that both preoperative underweight and overweight status were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Moreover, the postoperative survival outcomes were significantly better in overweight compared to that of underweight patients.

Trial registration

Registration: INPLASY202480004.
Deciphering the dose-dependent effects of thymoquinone on cellular proliferation and transcriptomic changes in A172 glioblastoma cells
Authors: Pandey Rachana , Natarajan Purushothaman , Reddy Umesh K. , Du Wei , Sirbu Cristian , Sissoko Moussa , Hankins Gerald R.
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults, exhibits a dismal 6.9% five-year survival rate post-diagnosis. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most abundant bioactive compound in Nigella sativa, has been extensively researched for its anticancer properties across various human cancers. However, its specific anti-cancer mechanisms and pathways in glioblastoma remain to be completely elucidated. In this study, we assessed the impact of different TQ concentrations on the viability of A172 cells using WST-8 and Toluidine blue assays, followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We confirmed their expression levels through quantitative RT-PCR and performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for these DEGs. RNA-seq revealed no significant gene expression changes at 2.5 μM and 5 μM TQ concentrations. However, at 25 μM and 50 μM, TQ significantly reduced cell viability dose-dependently. We identified 1548 DEGs at 25 μM TQ (684 up-regulated, 864 down-regulated) and 2797 DEGs at 50 μM TQ (1528 up-regulated, 1269 downregulated), with 1202 DEGs common to both concentrations. TQ inhibited key pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling, calcium signaling, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction in A172 cells. It downregulated several potential oncogenes (e.g., AEBP1, MIAT) and genes linked to GBM proliferation and migration (e.g., SOCS2, HCP5) while modulating Wnt signaling and up-regulating tumor suppressor genes (e.g., SPRY4, BEX2). TQ also affected p53 downstream targets, maintaining p53 levels. This study elucidates the anti-cancer mechanisms of TQ in A172 GBM cells, underscoring its effects on multiple signaling pathways and positioning TQ as a promising candidate for innovative glioblastoma treatment strategies.
Identity as a resource or a demand
Authors: Singh Karishma K. , Elliot Andrew J. , Handley Elizabeth D. , Jamieson Jeremy P.
Published: January 2025

Individuals embody various social identities that can impact how they interface with the social environment. Stigma theories suggest that members of low-status or marginalized groups possess devalued social identities, and therefore, experience more stress. While social identities can lead to increased stress, individuals’ appraisals of their identities are not necessarily perceived as harmful/demanding. Rather, social identities can also be appraised as resources or sources of strength bringing opportunities and facilitating goal attainment. Using the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat as a conceptual foundation, this research developed a novel measure to assess individuals’ appraisals of their social identities. In Study 1 (N = 575), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the theorized factor structure (i.e., resource and demand appraisals) and assessed the overall fit of the model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested for associations between the resource and demand latent factors. Individuals appraising their ethnic-racial identity as a resource exhibited improved self and intergroup outcomes, while those perceiving it as a demand reported worse self-based and intergroup outcomes, as well as more distress. Study 2 (N = 743 Black and White Americans), which was preregistered, examined group differences in appraisals of ethnic-racial identity. SEM revealed that Black participants were more likely than White participants to appraise their ethnic-racial identity as demanding, leading to worse social and intergroup outcomes. Even when Black participants perceived their ethnic-racial identity as a resource, they still reported higher levels of discrimination, intergroup anxiety, and behavioral avoidance compared to their White counterparts. Implications for theory development and application to the stress literature are discussed.
Cell-free assays reveal that the HIV-1 capsid protects reverse transcripts from cGAS immune sensing
Authors: Scott Tiana M. , Arnold Lydia M. , Powers Jordan A. , McCann Delaney A. , Rowe Ana B. , Christensen Devin E. , Pereira Miguel J. , Zhou Wen , Torrez Rachel M. , Iwasa Janet H. , Kranzusch Philip J. , Sundquist Wesley I. , Johnson Jarrod S.
Published: January 2025

Retroviruses can be detected by the innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which recognizes reverse-transcribed DNA and activates an antiviral response. However, the extent to which HIV-1 shields its genome from cGAS recognition remains unclear. To study this process in mechanistic detail, we reconstituted reverse transcription, genome release, and innate immune sensing of HIV-1 in a cell-free system. We found that wild-type HIV-1 capsids protect viral genomes from cGAS even after completing reverse transcription. Viral DNA could be “deprotected” by thermal stress, capsid mutations, or reduced concentrations of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) that destabilize the capsid. Strikingly, the capsid inhibitor lenacapavir also disrupted viral cores and dramatically potentiated cGAS activity, both in vitro and in cellular infections. Our results provide biochemical evidence that the HIV-1 capsid lattice conceals the genome from cGAS and that chemical or physical disruption of the viral core can expose HIV-1 DNA and activate innate immune signaling.
Queer unmaking: Monstrosity and dancing liberation in Percy Bertolini’s Da sola (2021)
Authors: Parrinello Alice
Published: January 2025

Percy Bertolini’s Da sola (‘alone’) (2021) depicts a non-conforming, pink-furred, fluorescent-jumpsuit-wearing protagonist roaming the streets of a dystopian brutalist city in the course of a night. The narrative starts with the main character’s escape from a mental health facility, and it continues by depicting their constant attempt to avoid being institutionalized. Alongside the powerful images created by Bertolini, the graphic novel intermixes the panels with quotes from Vaslav Nijinsky’s diaries about his own mental health struggles. The article investigates how the graphic novel depicts the marginalization and loneliness of individuals who are excluded from the cisheteropatriarchal society in which they live through its representation of the graphic novel’s main character and Nijinsky. Furthermore, the article analyses how Da sola challenges this ostracization; through scenes of unruly dancing, the graphic novel creates a community between queer individuals, beyond the limits of time and space, to the point of including Bertolini as well. Finally, as this community supports Da sola’s main character, the article argues that the graphic novel promotes a form of queer unmaking of normative societal structures, in order to liberate the main character and to foster a new society.
Safety and efficacy of oral edible bird’s nest supplementation: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory benefits for Arabian race stallions during exercise
Authors: AL-Khaldi Khalid Obaid , Al-Ruzaiqi Khalid Hamed , Babji Abdul Salam , Lim Seng Joe , Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde , Yimer Nurhusien
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation adversely affect the health and performance of athletic horses. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of edible bird’s nest (EBN) supplementation and its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in Arabian race stallions during exercise. Key objectives included assessing EBN’s impact on hepatic and renal function, hematological profiles, and sialic acid (SA) levels.

Materials and Methods: Two experiments were conducted on 18 Arabian stallions. In Experiment 1, six healthy stallions were divided into control (n = 2) and EBN-supplemented groups (n = 4) to assess safety. The treatment group received 10 g of EBN daily for 12 days. Vital signs, hematological parameters, and organ function markers were monitored. In Experiment 2, 12 stallions were divided into three groups: EBN (n = 3), Premier E® (n = 3), and control (n = 6). The exercise regimen included a daily 10-min walk, 10-min canter (30 km/h), and 10-min walk for 30 days. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological indices and SA levels pre- and post-exercise.

Results: In Experiment 1, EBN supplementation demonstrated no adverse effects, maintaining normal hematological and vital parameters. Kidney and liver function tests revealed significantly reduced creatine kinase, total bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the EBN group. Experiment 2 showed higher SA levels post-exercise in the EBN group (p < 0.05) compared to Premier E® and control groups, suggesting enhanced anti-inflammatory response. Hematological indices, including mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, and platelet counts, were significantly improved in the EBN group, indicating potential immunomodulatory benefits.

Conclusion: EBN supplementation is safe and offers anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in Arabian race stallions, reducing exercise-induced hepatic and muscular stress markers while enhancing recovery. These findings support EBN as a valuable dietary supplement for performance horses. Further studies should explore long-term effects and molecular mechanisms to optimize its use in equine sports.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory, arabian race stallions, edible bird’s nest, exercise stress, immunomodulatory.
Characterization of the amorphous metallic alloy Al85Ni10Sm5
Authors: Lemos da Silva Marcelo , Campos Lucas Correa , Aliaga Luis César Rodríguez , Bastos Ivan Napoleão
Published: January 2025

Aluminum alloys are highly significant materials in the industry due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. These alloys are widely used in various applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. The addition of alloying elements such as nickel, copper, and magnesium allows for different combinations of properties, which makes the alloys more versatile. Among aluminum alloys, the amorphous alloys studied in this work have received increasing attention due to their unique properties. Additionally, there is a limited amount of research on these materials, unlike the numerous studies already conducted on conventional crystalline structure alloys. In this work, the metallic alloy with the atomic composition Al85Ni10Sm5 and an amorphous structure, produced by melt-spinning, was structurally, thermally, and electrochemically characterized. The structural and thermal characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques to confirm its amorphous nature. The electrochemical characterization was carried out through open circuit and potentiodynamic polarization tests in an aqueous medium with 3.5% mass NaCl at room temperature. The results indicate that the fully amorphous alloy is of the glassy type, with Tg = 522 K, and exhibits low thermal stability (∆Tx = 16 K). The electrochemical tests show a corrosion potential of approximately -520 mV relative to the saturated calomel reference electrode, suggesting that the amorphous alloy is more corrosion-resistant than pure aluminum in its crystalline state.
IPSAL: Implementação do Método dos Efeitos Elementares de Morris para Saída Vetorial
Authors: Fernanda da Silva Oliveira Aline , Freitas Ferreira Fabio , Gonçalves Fabio , Espósito Junior Antonio , Heidi Horita Thiago , Rambaldi Telles Wagner , Bastos Lyra Gustavo
Published: January 2025

A importância da análise de sensibilidade para a compreensão do impacto das entradas de um modelo em sua saída é fundamental. O estudo identifica quais entradas são influentes em um modelo. A avaliação da sensibilidade de um modelo pode ser analisada localmente, apenas em torno de um ponto nominal no espaço amostral da entrada, ou globalmente, que considera as mudanças dentro de todo o espaço de mutabilidade das entradas. O método de Morris é um método all-at-a-time, uma entrada por vez, de análise global. Ele gera conjuntos de entrada do modelo usando a estratégia de amostragem aleatória, que é alcançada por intermédio das chamdas matrizes trajetórias. O método de Morris utiliza-se da média e do desvio padrão dos esfeitos elementares para inferir sobre a sensibilidade do modelo com relação a uma entrada, e possíveis correlações entre eles. É neste sentido que o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o módulo de Morris na Inverse Problem and Sensitivity Analysis Library desenvolvido em Scilab, aplicado em um caso prático.
Resolução de Problemas de Seleção de Características com Algoritmos Quânticos em Dados Financeiros Reais
Authors: Galvão Lucas , Pires Otto , Chagas Yan Alef , Fraga Maria Heloísa , Moret Marcelo A.
Published: January 2025

O setor financeiro enfrenta desafios significativos ao lidar com conjuntos de dados de alta dimensionalidade e um número limitado de amostras, dificultando a construção de modelos preditivos robustos. Técnicas tradicionais de aprendizado de máquina ajudam a mitigar esses problemas, mas a presença de características irrelevantes e redundantes aumenta a complexidade computacional. Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de algoritmos quânticos na seleção de características usando dados reais do setor financeiro, demonstrando que esses algoritmos podem melhorar a eficiência e a precisão dos modelos preditivos. A abordagem envolve a formulação do problema em termos de Otimização Binária Quadrática Irrestrita (QUBO), e sua solução é implementada em simuladores de um annealer quântico. Os experimentos mostram resultados promissores, que são analisados adotando-se a métrica do Critério de Informação de Akaike. Os resultados sugerem que os algoritmos quânticos variacionais têm grande potencial de aplicação se comparados a técnicas tradicionais de seleção de características.
SEGMENTAÇÃO DE ARTÉRIAS CORONÁRIAS EM IMAGENS DE ANGIOGRAFIA POR TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA UTILIZANDO REDES NEURAIS CONVOLUCIONAIS 3D
Authors: Valero Orellana Esbel Tomas , Ossamu Honda Marcelo , Eduardo Ambrósio Paulo , Borges de Jesus Cleviton , De Medeiros Martins Allan , Sanchez Dominguez Dany
Published: January 2025

A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é a principal causa de morte por doenças cardiovasculares no mundo. A avaliação precisa do risco de DAC é crucial para a prevenção. A angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (ATC) é um método não invasivo amplamente utilizado para diagnosticar a DAC. A segmentação precisa das artérias coronárias nas imagens de ATC é fundamental para quantificar a doença e auxiliar no diagnóstico. Neste estudo, avaliamos um conjunto de imagens de ATC disponibilizado pelo projeto ImageCAS e comparamos diferentes algoritmos de segmentação, incluindo um método de segmentação direta proposto. Avaliamos o desempenho dos algoritmos utilizando o índice de dice score, comparando os resultados com um padrão de referência (ground truth). Experimentamos diferentes resoluções de imagem para analisar o impacto no desempenho e no consumo de recursos computacionais. Além disso, propomos um método de ensemble para combinar os resultados de diferentes algoritmos, visando melhorar a precisão da segmentação. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o método de ensemble proposto alcança um desempenho superior em comparação com os algoritmos individuais.
¿Entre la espada y la pared? Tensiones y marcos de referencia docentes frente a las políticas públicas de convivencia
Authors: Fierro Cecilia , Hempel Christopher
Published: January 2025

¿Cómo organizar las escuelas para que sea posible una convivencia pacífica? Esta pregunta no sólo concierne a los actores escolares, sino también a las políticas públicas y a la investigación educativa. La introducción del Modelo de Convivencia para Atender, Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia Escolar en el estado mexicano de Guanajuato está vinculada a la esperanza de que se inicie un desarrollo correspondiente. Partiendo de la constatación de que muchos docentes tienen dificultades para orientar sus acciones a partir de dicho modelo, en este artículo analizamos la política educativa y las condiciones habituales de actuación de los docentes relacionadas con la convivencia. Con este objetivo, analizamos el discurso sobre la convivencia escolar y los programas vigentes en México y Guanajuato. A continuación, ofrecemos una visión de los resultados de un estudio exploratorio de entrevistas con docentes de un total de cinco escuelas. Para reconstruir sus marcos de referencia, utilizamos el método documental. Se pone de manifiesto que coexisten diferentes paradigmas sobre la convivencia escolar que generan incertidumbre y desconcierto entre los actores escolares, las cuales no sólo tienen su origen en las exigencias contradictorias, sino también en la percepción de unas condiciones contextuales difíciles para el trabajo educativo. Con involucramiento y distanciamiento, diferenciamos dos modos de afrontar estas incertidumbres, que podemos reconstruir en las entrevistas. Estos modos tienen implicaciones diferentes para el desarrollo del discurso y la práctica de la convivencia en las escuelas.
Nuevas metodologías para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Coelho Barbosa Keila
Published: January 2025

La obra que aquí presentamos supone un trabajo que pretende responder a las necesidades de los diferentes enfoques pedagógicos en la enseñanza de idiomas en la universidad. Las actividades que aquí presentamos son fruto de nuestro ejercicio como docente de lengua portuguesa, no obstante, consideramos que sus fundamentos metodológicos son aplicables a la enseñanza otros idiomas extranjeros. En este sentido, este libro pretende proporcionar tanto los fundamentos teóricos como el uso práctico de metodologías activas, con el objetivo de hacer del espacio de aprendizaje un entorno más colaborativo.
Algunos cambios de la movilidad urbana en tiempos de COVID-19: crónicas familiares en Bogotá
Authors: Moreno-Miranda Milton Mauricio , Villalobos-Camargo Carlos Fernando
Published: January 2025

La movilidad urbana en el mundo cambió con la llegada de la pandemia COVID-19, el uso de los diferentes medios de transporte tomó rumbos muy diversos debido a las restricciones y recomendaciones emitidas por las autoridades nacionales en cada territorio y en algunos casos por las disposiciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Lo anterior se expone en este artículo, mediante una metodología que combina la recolección de datos empíricos a partir de un ejercicio que surge en el aula, en el que se indaga sobre algunos cambios en la movilidad urbana de 21 familias en Bogotá, permitiendo una aproximación integral al objeto de estudio. Estos elementos son analizados a la luz de un marco teórico de referencias publicadas en estos últimos años sobre los confinamientos estrictos y voluntarios en gran parte del planeta, dondelos gobiernos implementaron medidas que cambiaron la movilidad en las ciudades. ¿Cuáles cambios se mantendrán aún con el fin de la pandemia modificando definitivamente la forma de desplazamiento de la población?
The effect of stator-rotor slot combinations on vibrations induced by tangential electromagnetic forces in HVLSPMSM
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Huang Xi , Chen Si
Published: January 2025

Line-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) has the advantage of induction motor and permanent magnet motor. The double-slotted stator-rotor structure can lead to the complexity of the LSPMSM air-gap magnetic field. This further leads to the variation of tangential electromagnetic force (TEMF) and cogging torque of the LSPMSM, which affects the vibration characteristics of the motor. In this paper, the effect of stator-rotor slot combinations on the TEMF of High-voltage line-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (HVLSPMSM) is analyzed by using a 10 kV, 630 kW HVLSPMSM as an example. Firstly, a mathematical model of the air-gap magnetic field considering double slots is established by using the conformal transformation, and the harmonic distribution characteristics of the radial and tangential air-gap magnetic flux density under different stator-rotor slot combinations are obtained. Then, the expression of the TEMF density is constructed based on the Maxwell tensor method, and the conversion relationship between the TEMF density and the local tangential force is analyzed. Further, the influence of cogging torque amplitude and frequency on different stator-rotor slot combinations is derived by analyzing the TEMF density. Finally, the electromagnetic-mechanical coupling model of the HVLSPMSM is established, and the influence of TEMF on the vibration spectrum of the motor under different stator-rotor slot combinations is resolved by numerical calculations. This paper provides a reliable theoretical guide to improve the performance of HVLSPMS.
Ainu language use and display in the National Ainu Museum
Authors: Santalahti Saana
Published: January 2025

Based on a critical analysis of the museum’s linguistic landscape and a discourse analysis of the museum texts, this paper explores how the Indigenous Ainu language is both used and displayed in the National Ainu Museum and discusses how these observations relate to the museum’s overt language policy and potential role as a site for Ainu language revitalisation. Though Ainu has been announced as the official first language of the museum, this study suggests that there is incongruity between overt policy and practice. While Ainu is clearly the symbolic first language, in practice Japanese and English are the museum’s two main languages, echoing the different functions and values associated with these languages. Although the museum is participating in concrete language maintenance initiatives, the exhibition texts discuss language revitalisation as a purely linguistic campaign, detaching it from broader contemporary society and Indigenous rights issues. These findings show how language use and display in museums are connected to the surrounding ideologies and policies, but do not necessarily need to be confined by them.