bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Intestinal Obstruction with Surgical Correlation- A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Narayana Manupratap , Gowda Vinaya Manohara , Pradeep Hagalahalli Nagarajegowda , Sriviruthi B
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency that is encountered in general surgery units and it contributes to substantial patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as an invaluable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of bowel obstruction and helps in deciding early surgery. The CT gives information on the cause for obstruction, its location, and complications like closed loop obstruction, bowel ischaemia. Aim: 1. To evaluate the accuracy of CT in diagnosing the presence, level and cause of intestinal obstruction. 2. To detect the presence of complications and demonstrate threatening signs of bowel non-viability. 3. To relate CT findings with intraoperative findings. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was done at the Department of Radiology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, India from April 2021 to September 2021. A total of 40 patients, ≥18 years of age with clinical suspicion of intestinal obstruction, were subjected to Contrast- Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen. The sensitivity , specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Muti-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) were calculated. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18.5 software. Results: Total of 40 patients were analysed (25 males and 15 females ; mean age: 50.5 years). Small bowel obstruction constituted 75% of cases and large bowel obstruction constituted 25% of the cases. Ileum was the most common site of obstruction. Adhesions were the leading cause seen. Closed loop obstruction with bowel ischaemia and gangrene were observed in five patients (12.5%). Comparison of CT and per-operative findings showed that CT has a high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 97.44%, 100%, 97.50%; 92.31%, 100%, 92.50% and 100%, 94.12%, 95%, respectively for determining the level, cause and complications of obstruction. Conclusion: The MDCT has high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing the level, cause and complications of intestinal obstruction with the highest of 97.50% for identifying the cause of obstruction. CT is 100% sensitive in picking up complications like bowel ischemia. Thus, MDCT were in concordance with intra operative findings for the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and can guide surgeons in the management of these patients.
Non Iatrogenic Colonic Barotrauma- A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Atul Kumar , Singh Ankurdeep , Mathur Mohit Kumar , Giri Samaksh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Barotrauma is injury caused by high pressure. Colonic barotrauma can range from only mucosal injury to multiple perforations. Most common cause of colonic barotrauma is due to air insufflation during colonoscopy. Here, we are presenting the case of a 20- year-old young male working in a wheat flour packaging factory. He suffered sigmoid colon perforation as a result of non iatrogenic barotrauma. Sigmoid perforation was closed in two layers with diversion loop ileostomy created and seromuscular injuries repaired. Ileostomy was closed after three months. In this case, high pressure pipe was not inserted inside but directed from a distance. Machines used in the industries deliver compressed air at much higher pressure than the one required to perforate intestine. Such high pressure along with funnel like configuration of thighs, buttocks and perineum facilitates easy entry of air in the colon. Air can enter through anus even if the air hose is kept near it for few seconds without actually inserting inside. Thus, it is important to make workers aware of hazardous consequences of the machines used.
Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Fatty Atrophy and Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Are they Associated in Middle Aged Patients with Low Backache?
Authors: Sanjay SC , Sanjith V Ram , Harshavardan . , Satish Vikyath
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Low backache being one of the most common problems faced in the society mainly due to sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical activity which inturn leads to overweight, obesity and atrophy of paraspinal muscles. Disc prolapse is one of the most common causes of low backache. Hence, knowing the aetiological factors and treatment of the same at an early stage is beneficial. Aim: To determine the association between the grades of lumbar disc degeneration with degree of fatty infiltration of lumbar multifidus muscle in middle aged patients with low backache using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2020 to February 2021 in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, with a study population of 201 middle aged patients who complaints of low back pain for more than three months. All patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent plain MRI for Lumbosacral (LS) spine with 16 channel 1.5 tesla strength MR machine. Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration was graded according to the Pfirrmann classification using T2 sequence in the sagittal plane. For the evaluation of the degree of fatty infiltration of lumbar multifidus muscle, axial T2-weighted slices were used to detect the cross-sectional area of the right and left lumbar multifidus muscle involvement. Chi-square test was used to find the association between varying grades of disc degeneration and severity of fat infiltration at Lumbar (L)4-L5 and L5-Sacral (S) 1 regions. Results: There was significant association between the grade of lumbar disc degeneration and the degree of atrophy of multifidus muscle with p-value <0.001 in middle aged patients with low backache. There was significant relation with fatty muscle infiltration with a p-value of <0.001 in L4-L5 and 0.03 in L5-S1 disc spaces. Most of the patients had grade III intervertebral disc degeneration in both L4/L5 and L5/S1. Conclusion: Lumbar multifidus muscle atrophy is common in grade 3 Pfirrmann classification of lumbar disc degeneration at both L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children with Acute Central Nervous System (CNS) Infection from a Tertiary Care Centre in the Present Vaccination Era
Authors: Babu B Ramesh , Punitha P , Vijayaraghavan Adithya , Prakash A , Balaji J
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Meningitis is a common tropical infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. Vaccination is available now-a-days for Haemophilus influenza and pneumococcus which are the common infection causing meningitis. Profile of acute Central Nervous System (CNS) infection in children varies with time to time as it depends on the organism, age, seasonal period, outbreaks, immunisation and place. Aim: To study the clinical, microbiological, radiological profile and outcome of children with acute CNS infection in a tertiary care centre in the present vaccination era. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Paediatrics, Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2018 to June 2020. Total 50 children from one month to 12 years with features of acute CNS infection were included in the study. Clinical features, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and serology findings, Computed Tomography (CT) scan findings and outcome were taken for analysis. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel software and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: During the study period, 50 children were diagnosed with acute CNS infection. A total of 37 (74%) children were less than 3 years and 31 (62%) male children were commonly affected. Fever 42 (84%), seizures 46 (92%) and altered sensorium 31 (62%) were the common symptoms. Status epilepticus 40 (87%), shock 18 (36%), respiratory distress 16 (32%) were common findings. In CSF, elevated cell count, reduced sugar, elevated protein were seen in 21 (42%), 14 (28%) and 27 (54%), respectively. Pneumococcus 3 (6%), Japanese Encephalitis (JE) 8 (16%), dengue 5 (10%), herpes 4 (8%), scrub typhus (aetiological agent Orientia tsutsugamushi) 2 (4%) were the common aetiological agents for CNS infection. CT brain was abnormal in 8 (16%) children. Nine children died (18%) and rest 41 (82%) recovered. Conclusion: In the present vaccination era, viruses and tropical fevers- JE, dengue, herpes and scrub typhus were common causes for acute CNS infection in children. Common clinical features were status epilepticus, fever, altered sensorium, respiratory distress and shock. Initial stabilisation of physiological status, specific management and JE vaccination are mandatory to improve the outcome in CNS infection.
Effect of Maternal Haemoglobin on Neonatal Anthropometry: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Dhole Divyani , Kolhe Shital , Saxena Amit , Sharif Mumtaz , Hedaginal Vinaykumar P
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Anaemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent especially in developing nations (65-75% in India). The causes are multifactorial, nutritional anaemia being the most common cause. Maternal anaemia is known to have adverse neonatal outcomes, including anthropometric measurements. Aim: To study the correlation between maternal haemoglobin level and neonatal birth weight, length and head circumference. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out at DY Patil University School of Medicine and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India done over two years between November 2018-November 2020. Maternal history, blood samples and neonatal birth weight, length and head circumference were taken. Results were recorded, and qualitative data was presented using frequency, percentage while quantitative data was presented using descriptive statistics. Further statistical analysis was carried out with the help of tests such as Wilcoxon Mann-whitney U test, Kruskal Walis test and Spearman’s correlation test for association. Results: A total of 550 anaemic mothers fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Neonatal birth weight, length and head circumference were negatively affected by the severity of maternal anaemia which was statistically significant. Higher Body Mass Index (BMI), compliance with Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate interpregnancy interval between pregnancies and adequate calorie intake during pregnancy resulted in significant differences in birth weight and length. Conclusion: Maternal anaemia, malnutrition, irregular IFA supplementation, inadequate spacing and inadequate calorie intake significantly hampers neonatal anthropometry.
Neutralising Antibodies in Healthcare Workers after Two Doses of Covishield Vaccine at Three Months and Six Months: A Single-centre Observational Study
Authors: Naveena J , Nandhini MP , Kavitha K , Manjunath CN , Cherukumudi Amulya , Prapulla N
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic has put the global population at risk for its infection. It has also led to an accelerated effort to develop vaccines that can mitigate progression to severe infections at a minimum. The ambiguity about existence of antibodies in the human serum poses problem in formulating public health policies like suitable interval between doses of vaccines, appropriate time for vaccinating population, post natural infection, necessity of booster doses along with single dose. Aim: To estimate neutralising antibody level following vaccination of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) after three months and six months respectively. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed in Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India after Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval from January 2021 to February 2022. The study was conducted in 304 HCWs in the institute who had received two doses of Recombinant ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Covishield). 41 HCWs who were naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 either before or after vaccination were also included. These participants were then subjected to IgG neutralising antibody titer estimation at three months and six months, postvaccination. Results: The study included 304 eligible HCWs. Majority of the participants belonged to the age group of 31-40 years (35.9%). Majority of the study participants were females (51%). Of the 304 participants, 263 were uninfected and 41 participants had been infected before and after vaccination. At the six month follow-up, it was observed that all but one HCW had seroconverted with majority of the participants showing more than 60% antibody level. Participants in the age group of 31-40 years showed the highest level and this observation was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Neutralising antibody response in HCWs is a key indicator of the efficacy of the vaccination program for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in India.
Constraints Faced by Broiler Poultry Farmers in Ajmer District of Rajasthan
Authors: Saini Gara Ram , Singh Virendra , Singodia Manisha , Rajoria Sunil , Budania Hitesh
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out in purposively selected Ajmer district of Rajasthan to evaluate constraints faced by contract broiler poultry farmers, non-contract broiler poultry farmers and employees of integrating firms. Data were collected from 128 randomly selected respondents through structured interview schedule. The study revealed that non-availability of day old chick in time (45.00%), high mortality in birds (43.33%) and delay in lifting the produce (33.33%) were perceived as ‘most serious constraints’ by contract broiler poultry farmers. Market price fluctuation (66.67%), high mortality in birds due to diseases (55.00%) and high initial investment (51.67%) perceived as ‘most serious constraints’ by non-contract broiler poultry farmers and selling of frequent price fluctuations in international markets (75.00%) was perceived as ‘most serious constraint’ by employees of integrating firms.
Participation of Tribal Youth in On-Farm and Off-Farm Activities
Authors: M. Kadate A. , S. Tekale V. , A. Gandhale A.
Published: August 2022

Background: More than 50.00 percent of India’s current population is below the age of 25 years and it highlighted the importance of youth in the country’s development. The study on tribal youth is an essential exercise in comprehending and combating their various problems as tribal youth belonged to disadvantage social groups and suffer from many crippling problems that retard their development.

Methods: The study was under takes in Dhanora and Etapalli tahsil of Gadchiroli district. 140 tribal youth were selected from 14 villages of 2 tahsils, an exploratory research design of social research was used and the data were collected with the help of a structured and pretested interview schedule.

Results: The findings revealed that the majority of tribal youths regularly participated in land preparation viz, ploughing of land (72.14%), spreading of FYM (63.57%), and leveling of land (52.14%), and occasionally participated in harrowing (52.14%) and crushing (50.00%), they were regularly participating in transplanting (73.57%), sowing activities (63.57%) and occasionally seeds treatment (70.00%) and selection of seeds (57.86%). The majority of them occasionally participated I n intercultural operations. The majority of tribal youths regularly participated in off-farm activities, Temdu patta cutting (60.71%) and collection of Mahua flowers and fruits (53.57%).
Multidimensional Poverty in India – a State Wise Analysis
Authors: Jagadeshwaran P. , Ashok K. R. , Vidhyavathi A. , Devi M. Nirmala , Santosh G. Patil
Published: August 2022

Aims: Poverty is a major challenge for economic growth and attaining sustainable development goals. This study aimed to estimate the multidimensional poverty index for states of India as well as districts of Tamil Nadu.

Study Design:  Based on the secondary data of National Family Health Survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: States of India and districts of Tamil Nadu has been studied by using the 2005, 2015 and 2019 NFHS survey data.

Methodology: Alkire Foster methodology was used to Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of states. 10 indicators in three dimensions viz., health, education and standard of living are considered and all the indicators were given equal weightage and finally the contribution by each indicator is estimated. 

Results: India ranks 62nd among 107 countries with an MPI of 0.12. States like Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu has drastically reduced the poverty level. Bihar, Assam and Odisha are the regions having highest poverty level. Nutritional deprivation indicator alone had a share of 28.55 per cent in the total poverty index of India. In case of Tamil Nadu the overall index was 0.03. Though the districts like Chennai, Kancheepuram and Vellore need to improve the nutritional aspects because the stunted children are higher in number than the other districts and the obesity was higher in districts like Sivagangai, Krishnagiri and Namakkal.

Conclusion: Overall the index of India has declined but there are higher variability across states and districts in many deprivation indicators. Region specific factors responsible for the deprivation should be identified and constant support related to the nutritional and schooling aspects should be provided in the districts of Tamil Nadu to reduce the poverty index.
Stakeholders’ Contributions to Rural Development in Mezam Division, Cameroon
Authors: Ngwa Funwi Godlove , Wanie Clarkson Mvo
Published: August 2022

Rural development is a continuous process facilitated by stakeholders who play complementary roles. In rural Mezam Division notwithstanding, there exists a dearth of information on the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution and intervention domains in the rural development process. This paper examines the stakeholder categories, their spatial distribution within the various sub-divisions and specific domains of intervention in the rural development process in Mezam Division. Field surveys, focused group discussions, interviews and the administration of 260 questionnaires constituted the main primary data sources while a review of institutional, library and internet sources served as secondary source materials of data gathering for this research. The collected data was analysed using descriptive techniques. The results categorized the rural development stakeholders in Mezam Division into four; state institutions (16%), Community Based Organisations (CBOs) (49%), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (27%) and Cooperative Development Agencies (CDAs) (8%). These stakeholders are unevenly concentrated within the four sub-divisions in Mezam Division as follows; Santa (33%), Bafut (28%), Tubah (23%) and Bali (16%).The areas of intervention of the stakeholders include water supply schemes (39%), school construction (20%), agriculture (17%), road maintenance (8%), health (7%), erection of community halls and palaces (5%) and electricity supply schemes (4%). The paper concludes that the rural populations should be fully empowered and their local institutions like the rural councils be made totally autonomous. In this way, the rural councils could easily rally the rural people, raise funds, execute projects, coordinate the activities of other stakeholders and serve as the custodian of rural development.
The Equity-Based Modeling for Two-Player Gambler's Ruin Problem
Authors: Masood Muhammad Asim , Hussain Abid , Haq Ehtasham ul , Ahmad Ishfaq
Published: August 2022

In the context of the classical two-player gambler's ruin problem, the winning probabilities and initial stakes are pre-decided. If a player (who is in financial crisis) starts with less amount than his/her opponent in the symmetric game, has more chances to be ruined. Besides, a player (based on previous record data) with more winning probability than his/her competitor, has fewer chances to be ruined. We observe that most of the time, usually a weaker player is not fully willing to make a contest with a strong player. To give a fair chance to fight back for a weaker player and to develop the audience's interest, equity-based modeling is required. In this research, we propose some new equity-based models for the game of two players. In this way, we advocate the weaker player (with less winning probability or less amount to start the game) is motivated to participate in the contest because of a fair chance to make a comeback. The working methodology of newly proposed schemes is executed by deriving general expressions of the ruin probabilities for mathematical evaluation along with observing the ruin times, and then findings are compared with the results of a classic two-player game. Hence, the prime objectives related to the study are achieved by taking diverse parametric settings in the favor of equity-based modeling.
Effect of Different Drying Methods and Storage Time on Quality of Roselle Calyxes (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Plants
Authors: Elghany Hanem, A. Abd , A. El Swaify Zeinab , A. Abd Elhafez Zeinab
Published: August 2022

This research was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, and the aim of the research was to study the effect of each of the different drying methods (drying in the shade, direct sunlight, electric ovens, and solar dryer) and the different storage periods (0, 2, 4 and 6 months) on the quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for both variety cultivars Sabhia 17 Dark and Sabhia 17 Light. The results showed that the method of drying in the shade gave the best results for most of the characterizes studied for both varieties of the both seasons, and the results for the different storage times did not differ significantly between them, especially the calyxes content of the two varieties of TPC, DPPH% and TFC. On the other hand the chemical composition data of roselle observed about the light variety is rich in ascorbic acid, TFC and TPC, while the dark variety is rich in the total anthocyanin content (490 mg / 100g DWS).
Stratification in Ratio Estimators: A Practical Approach
Authors: Rattan Ajay , K. Mahajan P. , K. Gupta R. , Sharma Anju , Bansal Smriti , Devi Sarita , Vinay T. V.
Published: August 2022

Mango has its economical, medicinal and traditional uses. Mango plays an important role in socioeconomic transformation of rural masses in the state. Proper assessment of area and production estimate is a prerequisite for effective horticulture planning. Whenever the population is stratified, there are two methods of obtaining ratio estimator i.e. separate and combined ratio estimators. Stratifying the population geographically may yield inefficient estimates as within strata homogeneity in such case cannot be maintained. The objective of this paper was to illustrate the best stratification rule under two methods of allocation in case of separate and combines ratio estimators and to estimate the mango production in the state. So this paper presents the estimates of mean and variance under proportional and Neyman allocation of mango production of 325 orchardists of Himachal Pradesh, collected through well designed survey and then stratified into \(L\) (number of strata) \(=5\) and 6 demarcated using four stratification rules i) Equalization of Strata Total ii) Equalization of cumulative \(\sqrt{f(y)}\) iii) Equalization of cumulative \(\sqrt[3]{f(y)}\) and iv) Equalization of cumulative \(\frac{1}{2}[r(y)+f(y)]\) for varying number of sample sizes \((n=60,90,120)\).
Effect of Foliar Spray of Potassium and Micronutrients on Yield and Quality of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady
Authors: Kumar K. H. Sharath , Shivanna M. , Kumar S. Anil , Honnabyraiah M. K. , Swamy G. S. K. , Rao Venkat
Published: August 2022

The study was carried out in Farmer’s field at Basur village, Sorab taluk, Shivamogga dist, during the year 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication and eleven treatments. Results of this study reveal that the combined application of T7 - K2SO4at 1% + Borax at 0.25% + ZnSO4at 0.25% recorded significantly maximum yield and yield attributing parameters i.e.fruit length (27.20cm),fruit diameter (16.17cm), fruit weight (2438g and 2.43kg), number of fruits per plant (49.67), yield plant-1 (90.07kg) and yield (224.96 t ha-1), pulp weight(2343.74g), peel weight(54.98g), seed weight(52.70g) and quality characters like total soluble solids (13.52 obrix), ascorbic acid (54.42mg 100g-1), total sugar (5.64%), reducing sugar (4.60%) and minimum acidity (0.13%)over control and which was on par with T8 (K2SO4 at 2% + Borax at 0.25% + ZnSO4 at 0.25%) and non-reducing sugar was found to be statistically non-significant among the different treatments. The results revealed that the plants treated with T7 - K2SO4 at 1% + Borax at 0.25% + ZnSO4 at 0.25% were found to be effective to improve the yield and quality of papaya cv. Red Lady.
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Child Growth and Development: A Retrospective Study of 0-12 Years Old
Authors: Niu Qian , Ma Nannan , He Ting , Jiao Fuyong
Published: August 2022

Objectives: It aims to reduce the rate of vitamin D deficiency in children and enhance the importance of public and medical staff in timely supplementation of vitamin D and other healthy behaviors to recognize and promote the healthy growth of children.

Methods: A retrospective research method was used to collect relevant literature with the key words of “children”, “vitamin D”, “growth and development”, and analyze the effect of vitamin D deficiency on growth and development in children aged 0-12 years and the prevention and treatment methods.

Results: Vitamin D deficiency can affect bone health in children, cause developmental delays, and have potentially negative effects on the respiratory tract, nervous system, and autoimmune system. Prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children is based on adequate sunlight and diet and vitamin D supplementation.

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency can have a profound impact on the healthy growth of children. To meet the vitamin D requirements of children, in addition to adequate sunshine and a healthy diet, reasonable vitamin D supplementation is essential. Therefore, in the process of children's growth, supplementation of vitamin D should be paid great attention and the 25-(OH)D3 level in children monitored regularly to reduce the incidence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
Phytochemical Composition and Hepatoprotective Potential of Ethanolic Root Extract of Jatropha curcas in Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Felix D. , Ogunka-Nnoka C. U. , O. Wellington E.
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic root extract of Jatropha curcas in acetaminophen-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats. The phytochemical screening and composition were determined using gas chromatography. Thirty albino rats weighing between 170 and 200 g were used, were separated into 5 groups. Group one was administered distilled water, 2 was administered 1000 mg/kg AC only, 3, 4 and 5 were administered 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 200 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 400 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg AC + 100 mg/kg Silymarin. Phytochemical composition of root of the plant showed saponin (55.7079 µg/g) lunamarine (34.3976 µg/g), kaempferol (32.7107 µg/g), rutin (20.7399 µg/g), sapogenin (11.2644 µg/g), phenol (4.1557 µg/g), anthocyanin (1.1946 µg/g), epicatechin (0.8303 µg/g) and catechin (0.1883 µg/g). The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of the negative control were 151.50±14.11 U/L, 48.00±7.19 U/L, 79.50 ± 2.14 U/L and 3.50± 0.45 U/L respectively. The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of group 3 were 78.50± 4.75 U/L, 23.00± 2.35 U/L, 49.00± 3.65 and 2.95 ± 0.17 U/L respectively, were significantly decreased when compared with the controls. The plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of the negative control were 57.00± 0.86 g/l, 32.00 ± 0.86 g/l, 20.35 ± 0.83 µmol. The      plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of group 3 were 61.50± 2.14 g/l, 33.00± 0.86 g/l 11.15 ± 0.98 µmol respectively and were significantly increased when compared the controls. The significant improvement observed on the liver markers is suggestive of the hepatoprotective properties of Jatropha curcas.
Economic Analysis of Marketing and Constraints of High Yielding Variety Paddy (HYV) vs. Black Aromatic Paddy (Chakhao) in Imphal East District of Manipur
Authors: Sharma Laimayum Shusman , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Vikas
Published: August 2022

The present study was undertaken in Imphal East district of Manipur to know the marketing cost, marketing margin, price spread, producer’s share in consumer rupee, marketing efficiency of High Yielding Variety (HYV) paddy and Black aromatic paddy. A total of 120 sample respondents are analysed. Among these 42 are marginal farmers,36 are small farmers,26 are semi medium and 16 are medium farmers .For High yielding variety paddy, in channel I, overall average net price receive by producer is Rs.1885 per quintal and the consumer purchase price is Rs.2000 per quintal. In channel-II, overall average net price receive by producer Rs.1609 per quintal and the consumer purchase price is Rs.3000 per quintal. For Black Aromatic paddy, in channel-I, overall net price received by producer is Rs.6185 per quintal, and the consumer purchase price is Rs.6300 per quintal. In channel-II, overall net price received by producer is Rs.5109 per quintal and the consumer purchase price is Rs.12000 per quintal. Marketing efficiency revealed that for High Yielding Variety paddy (HYV) marketing efficiency of channel-I is high with 16.39. For Black Aromatic Paddy, Marketing efficiency of channel-I is high with 53.78.Farmer should chose for those marketing channels which have lesser intermediaries to get the maximum profits. Price fluctuation, lack of suitable govt. Policy like procurement and market regulation are the major marketing constraints to the sample farmer in study area.
The Sectoral Nexus in a Small Open Economy: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Umaru Aminu , Bulus Bula Yunah , Sarauta Yusuf Danjuma
Published: August 2022

The interrelationship between the real, monetary, fiscal, and external sectors of the Nigerian economy is an issue of concern, as it will provide policymakers with insight on which of the sectors is potent in influencing output in the real sector, which little or no attention was given. This study, therefore, examines the interrelationships between these sectors in Nigeria between 2010Q1 and 2021Q1. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed. The study finds that monetary and fiscal sectors have a positive influence on the real sector output, while the external sector has a negative influence on the real sector output in Nigeria. It was found that only the monetary sector influenced real sector output significantly. This study recommends effective collaboration between the monetary and fiscal authorities in stimulating aggregate demand, boosting economic activities, and spurring economic growth in Nigeria using money supply, and external and domestic debt.
ANALISIS HERMENEUTIKA GADAMER PADA BUKU HIDUP YANG DIGERAKKAN OLEH TUJUAN KARYA RICK WARREN
Authors: Hamida Novia , Nurhajati Lestari
Published: August 2022

Buku adalah jendela dunia, hal ini bisa terwujud jika kita membacanya. Salah satu jenis buku yang sering dibaca adalah buku religi yang memberikan makna untuk setiap pembacanya. Salah satunya adalah buku The Purpose-Driven Life – Hidup yang Digerakan oleh Tujuan karya Rick Warren yang mengangkat tema kehidupan yang digerakan oleh Tuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami makna buku ini yang terdapat pada setiap chapternya. Teori mengurangi ketidakpastian digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan didukung teori hermeneutika. Buku bisa digunakan sebagai panduan untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian dalam konteks komunikasi interpersonal. Peneliti menggunakan Metode Kualitatif dengan metode analisis Hermeneutika Gadamer. Teks yang dianalisis menghasilkan makna baru secara subyektif dengan proses peleburan dua cakrawala antara cakrawala teks dan cakrawala penafsir. Dalam setiap chapter menunjukan tentang apa tujuan hidup yang Tuhan tetapkan dalam hidup kita sehingga membuat kehidupan kita menjadi jauh lebih baik dan terarah. Serta ditemukan hasil bahwa kehadiran buku ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi ketidakpastian seseorang ketika melakukan proses komunikasi antar pribadi.
HEALTH COMMUNICATION LITERACY IN EMPOWERMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH IN INDONESIAN TOURISM AREA
Authors: Putri K. Y.S. , Sutjipto Vera Wijayanti , Anindhita Wiratri , Romli Nada Arina , Andriani Yesi , Deianeira Diva Rheva
Published: August 2022

The pandemic has made people really need health information in order to maintain the health of themselves and their families. Previous research has discussed a lot about maintaining health through new media. The formulation of the research problem is whether there is an influence of health communication literacy on people's attitudes in maintaining health in tourist areas in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to determine the literacy of health communication in empowering public health in tourist areas. The concept used in the study is literacy of health communication and public attitudes in maintaining health in the pandemic, 2021. The research method used is quantitative by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results of the research are descriptively all variables in the study are positive. This has an impact on the next research process, namely that there is a strong influence of health communication literacy in health empowerment. This states that the alternative hypothesis is accepted by the study and the null hypothesis is rejected. Media content, skills in using new media and understanding of health information together have a strong influence on people's attitudes in maintaining health in tourist areas in Indonesia in 2021. People in tourist areas are also very concerned about mutual health. Because they are very aware that the economic condition is very dependent on tourism. Therefore, if the entire population in the tourist area is healthy, then tourism in the area will be visited by many local and foreign tourists. Research suggestion is that this research can be developed by elaborating other knowledge studies, and elaborating other methods.
Dogs, cats and horses in the Scottish medieval town
Authors: Smith Catherine
Published: August 2022

Scottish medieval urban sites excavated over the last two decades have provided abundant evidence of the animals which were exploited by human populations. This paper is concerned with three domesticated species – the dog, cat and horse – and reviews the nature of their relationships with town dwellers. The majority of the excavations reviewed here were funded either wholly or in part by Historic Scotland, in conjunction with the Manpower Services Commission, and research for this paper was also funded by Historic Scotland.
PROFESSORES, TRABALHO E MERCADO
Authors: De Souza Aparecida Neri
Published: August 2022

Análise do mercado de trabalho, com destaque para os professores do ensino técnico. O estudo indaga de que forma é concretizada a noção de mercado, analisa as formas que assumem a oferta e a procura de trabalho e as diferenciadas possibilidades de contratos de trabalho. Educação é um dos setores que se constituem exceção na queda de emprego e no grau de formalização do mercado de trabalho. PALAVRAS CHAVES: mercado de trabalho, professores, ensino técnico, precarização.TEACHERS, WORK AND MARKET Aparecida Neri de Souza Analysis of the job market, with prominence for the teachers of the technical areas. This study investigates how the notion of market is rendered, analyzes the shapes that offer and search for work take and the differentiated possibilities of work contracts. Education is one of the sectors that constitute an exception in the loss of jobs and in the degree of formalization of the job market. KEYWORDS: job market, teachers, technical teaching, precarization.PROFESSEURS, TRAVAIL ET MARCHE Aparecida Neri de Souza Analyse du marché de travail, mettant en évidence les professeurs de l’enseignement technique. Cette étude essaie de voir de quelle manière la notion de marché se matérialise, elle analyse les formes qu’assument l’offre et la demande de travail ainsi que les différentes possibilités de contrats de travail. L’enseignement est l’un des secteurs qui font exception dans la baisse de l’emploi et au niveau de la formalisation du marché du travail. MOTS-CLÉS: marché du travail, professeurs, enseignement technique, précarisation.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A LEGISLAÇÃO INDÍGENA: ambigüidades na formação do Estado-Nação no Brasil
Authors: Gileno Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2022

O principal objetivo do presente artigo é discutir alguns aspectos das ambigüidades da legislação indígena desde a colônia até a segunda metade do século XIX no Brasil. Em última instância, aquelas ambigüidades revelavam as tensões estabelecidas entre os poderes locais e a metrópole lusitana, uma vez que as leis expedidas pela coroa portuguesa em favor da liberdade dos índios não foram efetivadas na prática, persistindo o cativeiro indígena até a sua abolição formal em 1831. Entretanto, mesmo após a abolição, a defesa legal dos direitos indígenas seria um tema constante de intelectuais e políticos no decorrer da segunda metade do século XIX, já que a ausência daquela defesa impossibilitava a integração dos índios ao Estadonação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Legislação indígena no Brasil, escravidão indígena, Brasil Colônia (1500-1822), Brasil Império (1822-1889), Pensamento Político e Social no Brasil.THE INDIGENOUS LEGISLATION:ambiguities in the formation of the Statenationin Brazil Carlos Henrique Gileno The aim of the present article is to discuss some aspects of the ambiguities of the indigenous legislation from the colony period to the second half of the century XIX in Brazil. Ultimately, those ambiguities revealed the established tensions between the local powers and the Portuguese metropolis since the laws sent by the Portuguese crown in favor of the freedom of the Indians were not executed in practice, persisting the indigenous captivity until his formal abolition in 1831. However, even after the abolition, the legal defense of the indigenous rights would be a constant theme of intellectuals and politicians during the second half of the century XIX, since the absence of that defense disabled the integration of the Indians to the State-nation. KEY-WORDS: Indigenous legislation in Brazil, indigenous slavery, Brazil Colony (1500-1822), Brazil Empire (1822-1889), political and social thought in Brazil.LA LÉGISLATION INDIGÈNE: ambiguïtés pour la formation de l’Etat-Nation au Brésil Carlos Henrique Gileno L’objectif principal de cet article est de discuter de certains aspects concernant les ambiguïtés de la législation indigène pour la période allant de la colonie à la moitié du XIXe siècle au Brésil. Ces ambiguïtés révèlent enfin les tensions existantes entre les pouvoirs locaux et la métropole lusitaine. Vu que les lois promulguées par la couronne portugaise en faveur de la liberté des Indiens n’ont pas été effectivement mises en pratique, la captivité indigène a subsisté jusqu’à son abolition formelle en 1831. Cependant, tout au long de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, même après l’abolition de l’esclavage, la défense légale des droits indigènes est toujours restée un thème d’intellectuels et d’hommes politiques puisqu’elle ne permettait pas l’intégration des Indiens à l’Etat-nation. MOTS-CLÉS: Législation indigène au Brésil, Esclavage indigène, Brésil Colonie (1500- 1822), Brésil Empire (1822-1889), Pensée politique et sociale au Brésil.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Capitalismo Global e o Advento da Empresas-Rede: Contradições do Capital na Quarta Idade da Máquina
Authors: Wolff Simone , Alves Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Giovanni SimoneA adoção das TIC’s pelas empresas de capital concentrado ensejou a implementação de novas estratégias empresariais com vistas à internacionalização da produção. Dentre essas, sua estruturação na forma de redes, a qual deu mais poder ao grande capital na luta contra o trabalho organizado. Nesse sentido, as TIC’s denotam uma estratégia de ofensiva do capital na produção que altera profundamente as relações entre capital e trabalho. A preocupação central deste artigo é analisar alguns aspectos dos termos e efeitos dessa nova ofensiva, particularmente para aqueles trabalhadores que se encontram no bojo das mutações estruturais do capitalismo global a partir da emergência das chamadas “empresasrede”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: empresas-rede, tecnologias de informação e comunicação, ciberespaço, controle do trabalho. GLOBAL CAPITALISM AND THE COMING OF COMPANY-NET: contradictions of the capital in the fourth age of the machine Giovanni Alves Simone Wolff The adoption of TIC’s by concentrated capital businesses brought the implementation of new business strategies aiming to the internationalization of the production. Among those, their structuring in the form of networks, which gave more power to big capital in the fight against the unionized work. In this sense, TIC’s denote a offensive strategy by the capital in the production that deeply alters the relations between capital and work. The main concern of this paper is to analyze some aspects of the terms and effects of that new offensive, particularly for those workers that are in the midst of the structural mutations of the global capitalism starting from the appearance of the socalled “net-businesses.” KEYWORDS: net-businesses, technologies of information and communication, cyberspace, labor control. LE CAPITALISME GLOBAL ET L’AVÈNEMENT DES ENTREPRISESRÉSEAU: les contradictions du capital au quatrième âge de la machine Giovanni Alves Simone Wolff L’adoption des TIC’s par les entreprises de capital concentré a permis l’implantation de nouvelles stratégies entrepreneuriales en vue de l’internationalisation de la production. Entre autres, leur structuration sous forme de réseaux qui a donné plus de pouvoir au grand capital dans la lutte contre le travail organisé. Dans ce sens, les TIC’s dénotent une stratégie de combat du capital dans la production qui modifie profondément les liens entre le capital et le travail. La préoccupation centrale de cet article est d’analyser certains aspects des termes et des effets de cette nouvelle offensive, en particulier pour les travailleurs qui se trouvent au coeur des changements structuraux du capitalisme global en partant de l’avènement des dites “entreprises-réseau”. MOTS-CLÉS: entreprises-réseau, technologies de l’information et de la communication, cyberespace, contrôle du travail. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SOCIEDADE CIVIL, REPRESENTAÇÃO E A DUPLA FACE DA ACCOUNTABILITY: cidade do México e São Paulo
Authors: Lavalle Adrian Gurza , Castello Graziela
Published: August 2022

adrianagraziela52Organizações civis desempenham, de modo crescente, funções de representação política. A análise das condições de legitimidade das novas práticas de representação é crucial para a inovação e teoria democráticas. A partir da accountability, assumida como componente sine qua non da representação democrática e como estratégia de pesquisa, este artigo (i) examina empiricamente (com base em resultados de surveys) as noções de representação existentes no seio das organizações civis que assumem funções de representação na Cidade do México e em São Paulo, e (ii) avalia seus mecanismos internos de accountability e suas funções de controle sobre o poder público do ponto de vista da teoria democrática. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sociedade civil, representação, accountability, legitimidade. CIVIL SOCIETY, REPRESENTATION AND THE DOUBLE FACE OF ACCOUNTABILITY: México city and São Paulo Adrian Gurza Lavalle Graziela Castello Civil organizations carry out, increasingly, functions of political representation. The analysis of the conditions of legitimacy of the new representation practices is crucial for the democratic innovation and theory. Starting from the accountability, assumed as a sine qua non component of the democratic representation and as research strategy, this paper (i) examines empirically (based in surveys results) the existing representation notions among the civil organizations that assume representative functions in Mexico City and in São Paulo, and (ii) it evaluates their internal mechanisms of accountability and their control functions on public government from the point of view of the democratic theory. KEYWORDS: civil society, representation, accountability, legitimacy. LA SOCIÉTÉ CIVILE, LA REPRÉSENTATION ET LES DEUX CÔTÉS DE L’ACCOUNTABILITY: México et São Paulo Adrian Gurza Lavalle Graziela Castello Les organisations civiles développent de plus en plus des fonctions de représentation politique. L’analyse des conditions de légitimité des nouvelles pratiques de représentation est devenue cruciale autantt pour l’innovation que pour la théorie démocratiques. En partant du principe que l’accountability est un élément sine qua non de la représentation démocratique et une stratégie de recherche, : (i) on analyse, dans cet article, de manière empirique (sur les bases des résultats des surveys), les notions de représentation qui existent au sein des organisations civiles assumant des fonctions de représentation à Mexico et à Sao Paulo et (ii) on évalue leurs mécanismes internes d’accountability ainsi que leur contrôle sur les pouvoirs publics, du point de vue de la théorie démocratique. MOTS-CLÉS: société civile, représentation, accountability, légitimité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
The FDA and the Clinical Community
Authors: Califf Robert M.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint from FDA Commissioner Robert Califf, MD, emphasizes the agency’s overarching priorities focused on helping to create a system that benefits from abundant high-quality evidence in a transparent environment.