bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Entrepreneurial Intentions among University Students in Ghana: Proposing a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Arthur Stephen , Ganu Josephine , Issaka Abdulai
Published: May 2021

The positive effect of students' exposure to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention is well established in extant literature. Ghana is an example of an emerging country that has embraced entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education to curb unemployment levels, especially among university graduates. However, countless university graduates especially in Ghana prefer seeking non-existent jobs rather than establishing their businesses. Therefore, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that highlights entrepreneurial competencies, social support, and business opportunities as essential factors that can potentially enhance the entrepreneurial intentions of university students, particularly fresh graduates. Specifically, we offer three propositions with the anticipation of generating fresh research interest for future studies in entrepreneurial intentions among university graduates. Understanding these driving forces leading to entrepreneurial intentions among young graduates is critical for effective entrepreneurship education and self-employment in Ghana and beyond.
THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIA PROCESS ON THE FAMILY
Authors: ÇELİK Şeymanur , ÇAK Edanur
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus infection epidemic, declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, emerged in China in late 2019. In addition to the measures announced by the World Health Organization in order to prevent the epidemic and protect public health during the COVID-19 pandemic process we are in, travel restrictions planned and implemented by the country's governments, social distance rule, curfew, social isolation, quarantine, flexibility in working hours, distance education and The practice of working from home has changed people's lives. Various measures have been taken to protect the individual and the society, with calls such as "Stay at Home" and "Life Comes Home". In general, all these measures, restrictions and curfews have affected the society, but have also caused changes in the functioning of the family institution, the smallest structure of the society, and the roles of family members. During the COVID-19 pandemic process, family members had to spend most of their time at home and family members of all ages were affected by this obligation. Families have had to cope with difficulties such as the use of masks, social distance, isolation and quarantine in daily life and get used to this life order. In order to prevent contamination of family members with COVID-19 infection to other family members, the death of the family member with COVID-19 infection, the sickness of other family members, along with difficulties such as ensuring the effectiveness and continuity of domestic hygiene, maintaining physical distance, using a mask at home, many mental difficulties were also experienced due to reasons such as not adapting to the lifestyle. It was necessary to reveal how the process, which affects life to a great extent and requires such measures, which is difficult and with a high stress burden, affects the family institution, the smallest unit of the society. In this context, in this study, in line with the literature, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic process on family life and family members in the home environment will be discussed.
Determine of the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Related Factors
Authors: TANRIVERDI Derya , ÖZTÜRK Sibel
Published: May 2021

Aim: Premenstrual syndrome is the periodic recurrence of a group of psychological, behavioral and physical symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. These symptoms arise especially in the middle of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and disappear when menstruation starts. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in women in reproductive age between 15 and 49 years old, and to investigate the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and sociodemographic variables. Method: A cross-sectional design was employed. The study was carried out on 500 women. The face to face interview, sociodemographic data form and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale were applied to the women for data collection. As for data analysis, percentage tests, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were utilized. Results: PMS prevalence of women included in this study was found to be 47%. Premenstrual syndrome symptoms in order of severity are pain, bloating, fatigue, change in appetite, irritability, and anxiety. It was found that being in the age group between 15-46, being single, smoking, having dysmenorrhea, and familial premenstrual syndrome history have direct effect on PMS. Conclusion: It was observed that the prevalence of PMS in women is quite high. Greater importance should be attached to the issue and necessary precautions should be taken for risk groups in order to decrease PMS prevalence and improve women’s quality of life.
О ПРОБЛЕМЕ СБОРА ДАННЫХ В СЕТЯХ ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ С ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ
Authors: Жукова Наталия Александровна , Тристанов Александр Борисович , Тин Тун Аун , Аунг Мьо То
Published: May 2021

Сбор данных представляет собой процесс их получения от конечных устройств и представления в форме, позволяющей проводить обработку этих дан-ных. При сборе таковых в системах Интернета вещей (ИВ) необходимо учитывать ряд требований, которые определены в статье. Авторами проведен анализ технологий при сборе данных ИВ. Подробно рассмотрены существующие модели их сбора, архитектуры систем ИВ, представлены требования к системам со сложной динамической структурой, дана оценка соответствия существующих моделей требованиям систем мобильного ИВ. Уделено внимание технологиям и способам обеспечения безопасности при сборе и обработке данных. Отдельно рассматриваются вопросы производительности сетей ИВ. Приведенный в работе аналитический обзор существующих моделей сбора данных позволил продемонстрировать дефицит разработок, обеспечивающих выполнение требований по динамическим сетям мобильного ИВ. На основе анализа существующих моделей и технологий сделан вывод о том, какие технологии позволят реализовать сбор, соответствующий заявленным требованиям.
РОЛЬ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ В ДИВЕРСИФИКАЦИИ РЫБНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ПИТАНИЯ В РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: Яфасов Абдурашид Яруллаевич , Меркулов Александр Алексеевич , Майтаков Федор Георгиевич
Published: May 2021

Статья является частью концепции создания модели цифровой платформы единой коммуникационной среды для рыбной отрасли региона. Использование цифровых технологий меняет инновационный процесс, в значительной степени снимая проблему координации участников, обеспечивая оценку рисков на каждом этапе НИОКТР и последующей стадии коммерциализации продукции. Показаны потенциальные возможности диверсификации экономики рыбной отрасли региона путем расширения сферы деятельности – созданием региональной системы персонального питания на основе местной сельскохозяйственной и морепродукции с использованием цифровой платформы «Питание XXI век». Цифровая платформа обеспечивает создание экосистемы множества независимых участников регионального рынка FoodNetRegion, ориентированного на потребителя. В региональную экосистему FoodNetRegion может подключиться каждый житель региона, юридическое лицо, стать участником в любой роли – автора новых рецептов, кулинара, производителя продукции, маркетолога, логиста, перевозчика и т. д. Новая экосистема учитывает выработанные рекомендации по питанию для различных групп населения и отдельных лиц. Цифровая платформа «Питание XXI век» позволяет получить новое качество: систему социального кейтеринга – пер-сонализированного полноценного питания по цене массовой продукции. По оценкам это может дать прирост в региональный ВВП отрасли в 2,7 раза. Срок окупаемости системы социального кейтеринга составляет не более одного года.
Export-Import Performance of Major Agricultural Commodities in India
Authors: Bhatia Jitender Kumar
Published: May 2021

Recent trends in the international trade scenario and related shifts in India’s foreign trade policy have had far-reaching consequences for India’s general agricultural sector and, in particular, for agricultural exports. The Indian product of agriculture has played an important part in the global product of agriculture. For many agricultural commodities, India used to be the key export spot. The present study established the growth and output of agricultural exports from India during the time (2000-2019). India is the top tenth exporter of agricultural products in the world. Top exports comprise sugar, beef, rice, and shrimp. Export of principal agricultural products including rice, wheat, sugar, cotton, fruits, and vegetables are ‘free’ whereas export of pulses (excluding chickpea) and edible vegetable oil in bulk (excluding coconut and rice bran oils) are ‘restricted’ to meet domestic demand. Indian agricultural exports have increased, but the proportion of agricultural exports to the country’s overall exports has decreased. The research also explores the evolving behavior of the allocation of each category of commodities to the overall agricultural export basket. It covers the major agricultural products/crops which, over different periods, contribute to the maximum share of total agricultural exports (2000-2019). Higher agricultural exports would mean better price realization for farmers, increased awareness regarding good agricultural practices, and consequently thrust for quality also.
Comparison of Employment Generation in Organized and Unorganized Markets of Kolkata City
Authors: Sinha S.
Published: May 2021

Retailing is defined as a set of activities involved in the selling of a product or service to definite customers ranging from vehicles to clothing to feast at restaurants to film tickets. Somayajulu et al. (2002) found several hurdles hampering the growth of organized retail in India. These hurdles included high intermediation, high supply chain costs, insufficient supply chain infrastructure, inflexible labor laws, multiple licensing requirements, etc. Retailers along these lines attempt different business exercises and perform capacities, for example, arranging, holding stock, and so on, that increase the value of the contributions they make to the objective sections. The retail industry is divided into two parts- Organized Retail Sector and Unorganized Sector. The research study intends to analyze the volume and nature of employment generated between organized and unorganized sectors of Kolkata. The study reveals that unorganized sector retailers did experience a slight decline in their volume of business and profit in the initial years after the entry of large organized retailers, but there was no evidence of a decline in overall employment in the unorganized sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers and hence none of the retailers would like to change their existing business in spite of having sufficient resources for changing business because all of them do not find any reason to change business
Economic Analysis and Mechanization Index of Agricultural Crops in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Dev Kapil
Published: May 2021

Economic analysis of agricultural mechanization in mid-hill zone of Himachal Pradesh was conducted in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. The results revealed that the mechanization index at the overall farm category was 0.26, which varied from 0.21 to 0.53 among different categories of farms. The highest (0.53) farm mechanization index was found in medium farms and the lowest (0.21) in marginal farms. It can further be observed that the coefficient of variation was highest (39.00 %) in marginal farms and lowest (6.52 %) in medium farms. At the overall level, 46.15 percent variation was found in farm mechanization.
Analysis of Producer Resilience Strategies to Volatile Cocoa Prices in Cameroon
Authors: Bernard Kaldjob Mbeh Christian ,
Published: May 2021

The fluctuation of cocoa prices in Cameroon is causing important disruptions in the allocation of producers’ resources, driving them to adopt resilience strategies. This article provides an analysis of the different strategic options of producer resilience to volatile cocoa prices in Cameroon. Based on revealed preferences and binary logistic regression, it identifies the main strategic resilience options and key factors that explain the choice of these strategies. 390 randomly selected producers in three main divisions of the Center region during the period of September to November 2017, constitute our sample. The results reveal that diversification through fruit trees and input management are the main strategies of producer resilience. Furthermore, factors such as, fruit commercialization, total area, cocoa production, cocoa yield, household size, sex of producer, level of education, Division, are the main factors that explain the adoption resilience strategies. Therefore, the government should provide training to build producers’ capacity in risk management and improve the citrus value chain.
Nagaland State Rural Livelihood Mission (NSRLM) And Sustainable Development: Some Field Based Evidences
Authors: M. Giribabu,
Published: May 2021

The Nagaland State Rural Livelihood Mission (hereafter NSRLM) was established on the 13th of September, 2012 and is the implementing agency of NRLM in the State. It is the human development program aimed at poverty reduction by increasing the household income through sustainable livelihood and improved access to financial services. Primary data has been collected using convenience sampling method from 300 individual SHG members covering three districts, three blocks and six villages (50 respondents from each village). Six components of livelihood security have worked out and each component has been ranked for availability, accessibility, quality and status. Weighted average score has been calculated by scoring indicators on a five-point ordinal scale ranging from1 to 5 Measuring Livelihood Security Index. The study was found that except food security index the other security indices in all selected villages are in medium or low range and still they are living under sustainable in danger which emphasized the urgency to initiate and implement effective poverty alleviation and capacity building schemes in the entire state.
Advances in lupus research in Latin América
Authors: By PANLAR Gloabl Rheumatology
Published: May 2021

"In this video blog, we will talk with José Gómez-Puerta, head of the Rheumatology Service at the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, associate professor at the University of Barcelona and master's degree in Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health, about the research carried out in Latin America on lupus by the GLADEL group and the key messages for patients and families, as well as existing relationships with covid-19." "Lupus is a treatable, controllable disease, where every day better treatment and better markers are being developed for its diagnosis and control. Consult a specialist for any warning sign or symptom out of the ordinary,"" he says."
A Zoo-housed Chimpanzee’s (Pan troglodytes) Responses to Potentially Arousing Stimuli
Authors: Vonk Jennifer , Vedder Cory E.
Published: May 2021

In Experiment 1, we wished to determine whether a singly-housed adult male captive chimpanzee could discriminate the behavioral categories of sex and aggression. He was reinforced for selecting sexual rather than aggressive images on a touch-screen computer in a two-choice discrimination paradigm. He showed no discrimination after 24 sessions with non-human photos, but immediately selected human sexual images at above-chance levels. To explore whether this differential discrimination was due to a preference for human sexual images, he was presented with images of humans versus non-humans under non-differential reinforcement in Experiment 2. He preferred human photos if the images depicted sex, but not if the images depicted aggression. To further explore these preferences in Experiment 3 the chimpanzee was presented with images of genitalia of non-humans versus humans, genitalia versus eyes, and finally female versus male genitalia of both non-humans and humans, using non-differential reinforcement. The chimpanzee preferred human to non-human genitalia, and eyes to genitalia, but did not prefer female to male genitalia. This chimpanzee’s unusual social environment may have interfered with species-typical social preferences.
Human-Animal Interactions, Relationships and Bonds: A Review and Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Hosey Geoff , Melfi Vicky
Published: May 2021

The study of human-animal interactions (HAI), and the resulting human-animal relationships (HARs) and bonds (HABs) which are set up as a consequence, is currently a topical issue in comparative psychology. Here we review the HAI/HAR/HAB literature to detect the main publication trends, and to identify the predominant research themes in this area. Research in HAI/HAR/HAB only really started in the 1980s, but since then there has been a growth in studies which is still continuing. Most of these studies have been in the contexts of companion animal or agricultural animal research, but there is now a growing literature on laboratory, zoo and wild animals too. In the companion animal HAI/HAB literature the greatest emphasis has been on Animal-assisted Interventions (AAI), and the benefits to people of pet ownership and interaction with pets. Agricultural HAI/HAR research, on the contrary, has been more concerned with the welfare consequences of HAI/HARs to the animals. This disjunction is reflected in the preference of companion animal researchers to use the term ‘bond’, but agricultural researchers to use ‘relationship’. Other themes prominent in the literature include methodological issues, the characteristics of caretakers, the role of veterinarians, sociological approaches, and theoretical aspects. It is concluded that currently HAI/HAR/HAB research does not constitute a unified field, and there is a need to: i) agree and define a standard terminology; ii) undertake more research on the effects of HAI on companion animals; iii) undertake more research on the form and frequency of interactions; and iv) increase research on HAI/HAR/HABs in laboratory, zoo and wild-living animals. This research is important to understand whether HAI has positive, neutral or negative consequences, both for humans and for animals.
Sex, Love, or War? A Representation of 20 Years of Research on the Social Interactions of Animals
Authors: Hill Heather M. , Artz Stephanie , Lopez Melanie
Published: May 2021

To navigate through a social world, animals may form temporary or long-term associations with others, recognize kin and discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics, protect themselves and their resources, fight and compete for the best mates, and produce offspring that require various forms of care. The purpose of the current paper was to summarize the publication trends of research investigating animal social interactions over the last 20 years. We selected 8 journals for their diverse representation of animal taxa and examined the number of published articles representing research on affiliative, agonistic, and sexual social interactions. Out of 18,993 published articles, social interactions (N = 4,273) were studied 5.5% to 30.8% of the published articles per journal between 1993-2013. Agonistic social interactions (43%) were the most frequently published topic with affiliative social interactions representing less than a third (30%) of the articles and sexual social interactions accounting for the remaining articles (27%). Mammalian social interactions were investigated the most (38.5%) with invertebrate (22%) and avian (21%) social interactions following closely behind. Observational research and experimental research designs were divided almost equally across different social interactions except for affiliative interactions. Social interactions were studied most often in laboratory settings (45%), then semi-natural field settings (32.5%), and less often in natural habitats (19%). Interestingly, the rates of the different types of social interactions, certain taxa, type of research study, and research setting remained relatively consistent across the 20 year period. Some fluctuations occurred in the frequency of specific topics and taxa within various years; however, research on mate choice, parental care, environmental influences, and group composition was consistently conducted across the years. While many aspects of social interactions in a broad range of taxa have been studied, there are many areas that are still sparse and in need of additional research.
Comparative Cognition: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Beran Michael J. , Perdue Bonnie M. , Washburn David A.
Published: May 2021

Comparative cognition is the field of inquiry concerned with understanding the cognitive abilities and mechanisms that are evident in nonhuman species. Assessments of animal cognition have a long history, but in recent years there has been an explosion of new research topics, and a general broadening of the phylogenetic map of animal cognition. To review the past of comparative cognition, we describe the historical trends. In regards to the present state, we examine current “hot topics” in comparative cognition. Finally, we offer our unique and combined thoughts on the future of the field.
Spatial Variability in Serial Response Learning and Performance by Pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Herbranson Walter T. , Xi Patricia M. , Trinh Yvan T.
Published: May 2021

Pigeons can learn structured sequences of cued responses and perform them quickly, even when random variability is later introduced into the originally learned sequence, making some cue locations unpredictable. In order to determine if initial learning shows the same tolerance of spatial variability as steady-state performance, naïve pigeons were trained on random distortions around a structured sequence without having seen the original sequence itself. Learning was possible, but accommodated less variability than did performance of the same sequence previously learned in an undistorted context. Analysis of results indicated that performance of a randomly distorted sequence is best when birds are initially trained with little or no variability, and randomness is later introduced in a gradual fashion.
Effects of Response Frequency Constraints on Learning in a Non-Stationary Multi-armed Bandit Task
Authors: Young Michael E. , Racey Deborah E.
Published: May 2021

An n-armed bandit task was used to investigate the trade-off between exploratory (choosing lesser-known options) and exploitive (choosing options with the greatest known probability of reinforcement) human choice in a trial-and-error learning problem. A different probability of reinforcement was assigned to each of eight response options using random-ratios (RRs), and participants chose by clicking buttons in a circular display on a computer screen using a computer mouse. To differentially increase exploration, relative frequency thresholds were randomly assigned to each participant and acted as task constraints limiting the proportion of total responses that could be attributed to any response option. The potential benefit of increased exploration in non-stationary environments was investigated by changing payoff probabilities so that the leanest options became the richest or the richest options became the leanest. On the average, forcing participants to explore at moderate to high levels always resulted in their earning less reinforcement, even when the payoffs changed. This outcome may be due to humans’ natural level of exploration in our task being sufficiently high to create sensitivity to environmental dynamics.
Constitutional Issues of the Judicial Career in Western Balkan States (Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia)
Authors: Orlović Slobodan P.
Published: May 2021

In all four states analysed in this study, the judiciary and judicial career have been undergoing years-long legislative changes, with this ‘reform’, however, still pending finalisation. Another common feature is the effort to take judicial career decision-making away from political factors and entrust it to independent authorities wherein judges have the final word. It is considered the attainment of the principles of independence and autonomy of the judicial branch of power. However, the adoption of legal acts over the past decade was not sufficient to achieve entirely objective elections and decisions on the promotion of judges. The reality in these states reveals that there are strong and, in numerous cases, decisive informal (political and interest) influences on judicial career development decisions. The author's basic assumption is that for the full effect of the adopted regulations to occur, it will take more time for the constitutional institutions to be strengthened, and the political awareness of citizens will increase.
Constitutional Identity and Ultra Vires Review in Germany
Authors: Simon Sven
Published: May 2021

This article aims to provide insight into the relationship between constitutional identity and ultra vires review in Germany. First, a brief introduction is provided on the issue of the relationship between EU law and national law, then the diverging grounds for validity are presented concerning the interpretation of the CJEU and of the German Federal Constitutional Court. After the detailed analysis of the German case law, limits of a national reservation are scrutinised. In the end, a conclusion is drawn up.
Rule of Law, Contesting and Contested
Authors: Varga Csaba
Published: May 2021

The rule of law movement is a by-product of the post-WWII rebirth of human rights, which turned into a key political issue by the turn of the millennium. By becoming part of the language and blackmailing practice of international politics, it has self-emptied as well. It is an ideal; historically a function of human experience at individual places and times, shaped by local traditions. As a complex of heterogeneous values and principles, its ethos can at best be respected and approached via the never-ending balancing of compromise solutions.
Changed Perspectives and Conflicting Treaty Obligations: What Is the Message of the CJEU Achmea Decision and the 2020 Plurilateral Termination Agreement for Candidate Countries such as Serbia?
Authors: Djajić Sanja , Stanivuković Maja
Published: May 2021

The authors analyse the changed landscape of the EU BIT policy following the Achmea decision and the 2020 Termination Agreement, in particular, their relevance for candidate countries such as Serbia. The perceived risks strongly suggest that some action must be taken before the accession to avoid becoming caught between conflicting obligations under EU law and the BITs, as happened to respondent countries in the cases of Micula and Magyar Farming Company. The potential for conflicts exists in the case of Serbia as well because it already has an obligation to comply with EU law in areas such as competition and state aid law, which may cause it to inadvertently breach investors’ rights under the BITs. Various options that a candidate country can pursue to adjust its bilateral investment treaties to EU law standards are considered in search of the best approach. Difficulties that may be encountered due to the premature termination of sunset clauses and the retroactive termination of arbitration clauses in pending arbitrations lead the authors to conclude that certain adjustments to the course of action adopted within the EU are called for. The proposed action in the case of Serbia consists of consensually amending the 22 Serbia-EU member state BITs following a two-step procedure so that the sunset clauses are terminated at once, whereas the remaining provisions of the BITs are designated by the contracting parties to be terminated on the date of accession. To prevent treaty shopping, these amendments need to be accompanied by comprehensive reform of Serbia’s other BITs that contain overly broad definitions of investors and investments. Some alternative approaches are also taken into consideration, such as the replacement of ISDS with other forms of dispute resolution and the replacement of the Serbia-EU member state BITs with other types of agreements. The candidate countries are advised to adjust their pre-accession commitments, both procedural and substantive, in a timely manner with the incoming EU obligations. These inevitable adjustments should be pursued cautiously by candidate countries to minimise risks and maximise their bargaining power.
The PSPP Judgment of the Bundesverfassungsgericht and the Slovenian Constitutional System
Authors: Kos Marjan
Published: May 2021

The BVerfG’s judgment on the PSPP marks another important part of the EU constitutional mosaic. It was the first time that the court declared an EU act ultra vires. Intense academic commentary ensued, mostly adopting a critical attitude towards the judgment. However, a summary rejection of the underlying idea of an exceptional national constitutional review of EU acts does not seem warranted. Unconditional primacy has been disputed by different national courts for some time now, and on two occasions, national apex courts already declared EU acts ultra vires. Considering its inherent diversity, the EU should be able to accommodate legitimate national constitutional concerns. A common frame of reference, possibly provided by Art. 4(2) TEU, could facilitate such accommodation if very high standards of violation were adopted by national courts, which would also respect the principle of loyal cooperation. In this regard, EU law also marks red lines when it comes to its fundamental principles, limiting the possibility of abuse. The Slovenian Constitution introduces EU law through Art. 3a, adopted for the purpose of accession to the EU. The Slovenian Constitutional Court's case law is generally very EU-friendly, and it could be marked by cooperative vagueness, echoing the doctrines of the CJEU. A clear answer regarding the relationship between national (constitutional) law and EU law is lacking in its jurisprudence. The court explicitly left the question of absolute primacy open. The substantive preconditions for the transfer of sovereign rights in Art. 3a, namely, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, democracy, and the principles of the rule of law, have been interpreted in different ways in academia. However, considering the inalienable right to self-determination, in exceptional cases of serious encroachment on fundamental constitutional values, the SCC would probably adopt its version of the BVerfG’s doctrines.
Computed tomography assessment of the ethmoid roof based on Keros classification in Iraqi patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Abdulhadi Baseem Natheer , Shyaa Ali Ibrahim , ALTamimi Laith
Published: May 2021

Background: Among the most popular methods employed to classify the depth of the olfactory fossa is Keros classification. This study aims to assess Keros classification of the ethmoid roof, any possible association between Keros types and gender, and the incidence of asymmetry between right and left sides among Iraqi patients. 

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Shaheed Gazi Al-Hariri Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. The archived reports and the CT scans images (nose and paranasal sinuses) of 126 patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery between January 2019 and January 2020 were reviewed. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. The statistically significant was considered at less than 0.05.

Results: More than half of patients were females (54.0%) with a mean age of 31.52 ± 11.38 (SD) years (range: 10-57 years). Among the total patients, the mean depth of olfactory fossa (OF) was 3.58 ± 0.02 mm. Results showed that Keros type I was the most common type (71.0%), followed by type II (27.4%) and type III (1.6%) respectively. The difference in the olfactory fossa depth between the right and left sides was ≥ 1 mm in 16 (12.7%) patients and < 1 mm in 110 (87.3%) patients. Moreover, there was no significant relation between symmetry/asymmetry and gender ( p-value > 0.05).

Conclusion: Keros type I was the most common type, which carries the lowest risk of inadvertent intracranial injury during endoscopic sinus surgery; besides the relatively low percentage of asymmetry in the depth of the two olfactory fossae among patients, surgeons should always be cautious during surgery to avoid iatrogenic injury concerning the thin lateral lamella of the cribriform plate.
Psychosocial suicide risk factors
Authors: Valdés-García Karla Patricia , Sánchez-Loyo Luis Miguel , Monroy Velasco Iris Rubí , Carreón Márquez Claudia  Jocabed
Published: May 2021

Due to the number of deaths by suicide, it’s classified as a public health problem, and it is a multifactorial and dynamic problem, influenced by biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental factors. The study aimed to identify risk factors based on the proposal of the biopsychosocial model of suicide risk of Turecki by applying the psychological autopsy in three suicide cases in young people.

Debido al número de muertes por suicidio se le ha clasificado como un problema de salud pública, es una problemática multifactorial y dinámica, influenciada por factores biológicos, psicológicos, sociales,culturales y ambientales.
Predictive model of social media and mobile phones problematic use: Impulsivity and social anxiety
Authors: Becerra-Guajardo Juan Ramón , Jasso-Medrano José Luis , López-Rosales Fuensanta
Published: May 2021

The number of social media and mobile phone users is constantly increasing. Researchers worldwide argue that studying the problematic use of these technologies is of the utmost importance to develop better interventions in the future. The study proposes a predictive model of problematic use of social media and mobile phones in relation to social anxiety the components of impulsivity and emotional regulation.

El uso problemático de las redes sociales y del teléfono móvil ha sido argumentado por investigadores detodo del mundo.
Gender, affectivity, and behaviors of psychosocial and health risk in adolescents of Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Orozco Ramírez Luz Adriana , Ybarra Sagarduy José Luis , Andaverde Vega Adrián Alberto
Published: May 2021

Gender differences in the experience and handling of emotionally charged events and stimuli can be a factor in the prevalence of psychosocial and health risk behaviors in adolescents, but little has been studied about the interaction between gender, affectivity, and risk behaviors.

Las diferencias de género en la experiencia afectiva pueden ser un factor en la prevalencia de conductas psicosociales y de riesgo para la salud en adolescentes, sin embargo, se ha estudiado poco la interacción entre género, afectividad y conductas de riesgo.
Working memory, sustained attention and academic performance in students aged 14 to 16 at an educational institution in Valledupar.
Authors: Medina-Pulido Pedro L. , Olivella-López Giselle , Araujo Carmen B. , Pérez  Esmeral Sandy Marcela
Published: May 2021

The present research seeks to analyze the relationship between the variables working memory, sustained attention, and academic performance. We worked with a population of 32 young students whose ages range from 14 to 16 years, which are part of a private institution in the city of Valledupar, Colombia.
Excelente respuesta inmune provoca la vacuna Sputnik V, revela investigación realizada en Argentina
Authors: Cruz Lillia
Published: May 2021

La vacunación anti-COVID-19 creada por el Instituto Gamaleya de Moscú, requiere la aplicación de dos dosis separadas por un intervalo de 21 días de la vacuna Sputnik V.
Centenário da fundação da Comissão Rondon (1907-2007) – Personagens, descobertas e produção bibliográfica
Authors: Nomura Hitoshi
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é dar informações biográficas sobre Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (1865-1958), que foi indicado pelo Presidente da República do Brasil, Affonso Augusto Moreira Penna, em 1907, para organizar e conduzir a Commissão de Linhas Telegraphicas Estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas, mais tarde conhecida como Commissão Rondon. Essa Comissão, levantou muitos fatos novos sobre Etnografia, Geografia, Astronomia, Saneamento, Geologia, Mineralogia, Saude Pública, Zoologia e Botânica dos Estados de Mato Grosso e Amazonas, devido ao próprio Rondon e seus colaboradores – Alípio de Miranda Ribeiro (zoólogo ), Frederico Carlos Hoehne (botânico) e alguns outros pesquisadores, cujas biografias são também apontadas.
Questões sobre o plano diretor para o complexo hospitalar do Juquery
Authors: Pizzolato Pier Paolo Bertuzzi
Published: May 2021

O trabalho proposto trata do processo de criação de um Plano Diretor para o conjunto histórico edificado considerando a análise do desenvolvimento arquitetônico do antigo Asilo de Alienados do Juquery, tanto do ponto de vista estético quanto histórico. A finalidade é realizar uma leitura desse espaço tendo em vista as modificações em função das influências e dinâmicas sócio-urbanas ocorridas dentro do contexto da Macrometrópole paulistana, e assim preparando-o, por meio de novos usos para sua reinvenção como pólo indutor da transformação das cidades no Vale do Rio Juqueri, culminando em um uso novo para o espaço construído.
Alguns aspectos da saúde pública e do urbanismo higienista em São Paulo no final do século XIX
Authors: Mastromauro Giovana Carla
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir aspectos da história da cidade de São Paulo no final do século XIX na perspectiva do urbanismo higienista. Com o alto índice de epidemias e de insalubridade em locais públicos e privados, as preocupações e a problematização da cidade neste período indicavam a necessidade de intervenções sanitárias severas no ambiente urbano, de modo a fazer dele um lugar limpo e agradável a seus habitantes. Os objetivos tinham por foco a higiene urbana. Assim, a partir do século XIX, uma lógica de salubridade passa a se impor para as cidades, utilizando ideais de higiene elaboradas por médicos higienistas combinados com a técnica desenvolvida pelos engenheiros sanitaristas. Dessa forma, o diálogo entre os diversos profissionais se estabelece, atuando complementarmente. Como pano de fundo desse debate encontra-se duas teorias médicas que serviram como base para as intervenções no meio urbano: a teoria miasmática e a teoria bacteriológica. Interessa especificamente neste artigo combinar o debate das duas teorias com as técnicas de desinfecção e isolamento promovidas pelo Estado a partir da denúncia de um local insalubre. Dentro desse contexto, a presente comunicação se restringe a entender como as teorias médicas influenciaram as ações empregadas na cidade de São Paulo nas regulamentações e intervenções feitas aos doentes e às moradias insalubres que surgiram no final do séc. XIX.
Maternalismo e proteção materno-infantil: fenômeno mundial de caráter singular
Authors: Freire Maria Martha de Luna
Published: May 2021

A priorização do chamado binômio mãe-filho como objeto de preocupação social no mundo ocidental a partir de meados do século XIX, intensificando-se no século seguinte, foi um fenômeno amplamente assinalado pela historiografia. Tal priorização associava-se, em especial, ao chamado movimento maternalista, o qual defendia a preponderância do papel de mãe para todas as mulheres. Esse artigo pretende refletir sobre o papel da ideologia maternalista na conformação da proteção materno-infantil nas primeiras décadas do século XX, apontando pressupostos comuns e singularidades.
A defesa contra o ofidismo de Vital Brazil e a sua contribuição à Saúde Pública brasileira
Authors: Mott Maria Lucia , Alves Olga Sofia Fabergé , Dias Carlos Eduardo Sampaio Burgos , Fernandes Carolina Santucci , Ibañez Nelson
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma contextualização dos 100 anos da publicação do livro “A Defesa Contra o Ofidismo”, que se tornou literatura de referência para os estudos sobre acidentes ofídicos, profilaxia desses acidentes, tratamento por soros específicos, anatomia das espécies, toxinologia e educação sanitária. A partir de uma releitura do texto original, o artigo realça o trabalho de Vital Brazil, destacando a importância do cientista para a imunologia brasileira a partir da comprovação da especificidade dos venenos de cobra, da formulação de intervenções públicas no combate ao ofidismo e sua contribuição à saúde pública brasileira.
Transformações no modelo assistencial ao parto: história oral de mulheres que deram à luz nas décadas de 1940 a 1980.
Authors: Leister Nathalie
Published: May 2021

Existem inúmeras produções sobre a memória de profissionais relacionada à assistência ao parto; no entanto, o registro de memórias maternas é escasso. Este estudo teve o objetivo de compreender as transformações no modelo de assistência ao parto a partir da experiência de mulheres que deram à luz no Estado de São Paulo nas décadas de 1940 a 1980. Fez-se um estudo descritivo, segundo o método da História Oral Temática. A colônia foi constituída por 20 mulheres que são mães, avós e bisavós de egressos da primeira turma do Curso de Obstetrícia da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista não estruturada, com base em um roteiro com temas relativos à experiência no parto. Foi realizada transcrição,textualização e transcriação das narrativas orais. O texto final foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres tiveram 49 partos no período estudado. Nas décadas de 1940 a 1970 (1ª geração), ocorreram 22 partos normais, um fórcipe e duas cesarianas, já na década de 1980 (2ª geração), 16 cesarianas, sete partos normais e um fórcipe. Até a década de 1960, o local predominante do parto foi o domicílio e as mulheres foram assistidas majoritariamente por parteiras. A partir da década seguinte, todos os partos ocorreram no hospital. Na análise temática, foram identificados os temas: “A Experiência do Parto” e “A Maternidade e seu Contexto”. Os resultados indicaram uma demarcação geracional e temporal nos anos de 1970. A experiência das mulheres da 1ª geração ocorreu no contexto de transição do modelo assistencial, e as mulheres da 2ª geração experienciaram a consolidação de um modelo de parto hospitalocêntrico. A década de 1980 representa um momento de inflexão dos elementos que compõem o modelo assistencial com incremento da tecnologia e das intervenções obstétricas.
Hermann von Ihering (1850-1930), o Naturalista
Authors: Nomura Hitoshi
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata da vida e da obra do naturalista Hermann von Ihering (1850-1930), que dirigiu o Museu Paulista por mais de vinte anos (1894-1916). Após fornecer alguns dados do seu pai Rudolf von Ihering (1818-1892), famoso jurista, o autor traça a vida do naturalista na Alemanha antes da sua vinda ao Brasil, sua estada no Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo e depois quando regressou ao seu país de origem. Alguns trechos da vida do seu filho Rodolpho von Ihering (1883-1939) estão intercalados no texto. O autor fornece a lista completa dos artigos científicos e de divulgação que escreveu e fornece alguns dados informativos sobre os artigos mais relevantes. Uma bibliografia completa que trata dessas atividades é dada no final do artigo. O assunto preferido dele era o dos moluscos, cuja distribuição geográfica, relações geológicas e zoológicas, serviram de base para a sua teoria de Archhelenis e Archinotis.
As amas de leite e a regulamentação biomédica do aleitamento cruzado: contribuições da socioantropolologia e da história
Authors: Barbieri Carolina Luisa Alves , Couto Márcia Thereza
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo traz uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre as amas de leite, por meio da recuperação do processo histórico da emergência e declínio dessa prática no Brasil, levando em conta aspectos sociais, político-econômicos e culturais que influenciaram tal processo. Metodologicamente, partiu-se da interface sinérgica da abordagem do fenômeno histórico com a leitura socioantropológica, esta norteada pela noção de fato social total de Marcel Mauss. Por meio da apropriação da perspectiva antropológica, que enfatiza a diversidade e considera os símbolos e significados envolvidos na constituição de discursos sobre as amas de leite em nossa sociedade, a reflexão percorre a herança cultural europeia, as mudanças iniciadas no século XIX até sua regulamentação no século XX, as influências da medicina higienista, da puericultura e do advento de epidemia HIV/AIDS
Programa Enfermagem do SESP: Formação e Identidade Profissional Brasileira Pós-1930
Authors: Campos Paulo Fernando de Souza
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo analisa a formação profissional da enfermagem brasileira pós 1930, em específico, a reinserção de mulheres negras em escolas de enfermagem no Brasil. Por intermédio da biografia de Josephina de Melo, enfermeira diplomada pela Escola de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, bolsista do Programa Enfermagem, do Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública, pretende-se ampliar o debate em torno da imagem social da enfermeira. Os resultados caracterizam o processo de redimensionamento da identidade profissional da enfermagem brasileira, bem como a representação social de sua principal personagem: a enfermeira.
A imprensa jornalística como fonte documental para a História das Doenças: as epidemias de febre amarela e de gripe espanhola em Sorocaba
Authors: Dall’ava João Paulo
Published: May 2021

Este artigo destaca a importância da imprensa jornalística como fonte documental para o estudo da História das Doenças. Pretende-se analisar as notícias publicadas nos jornais sorocabanos durante as epidemias de febre amarela em 1899-1900 e de gripe espanhola em 1918, compreendendo, por meio dos discursos de imprensa, a divulgação dos conhecimentos médicos, bem como as articulações entre poder público e a sociedade no sentido de repercutir os acontecimentos diante da complexidade dos momentos vividos diante desses surtos epidêmicos.