bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Neo-Lignan From Acanthopanax senticosus and the Cytotoxic Effects on Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Feng Zhi-Chao , Wang Sheng , Li Jun , Wang Jun-Sheng
Published: July 2020

A new neo-lignan named (7ʹ S,8ʹ R)-4ʹ,5ʹ,9ʹ-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8ʹ-oxyneolign-7-en-9-al (1), together with 5 known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the ethylacetate-soluble extract of Acanthopanax senticosus. The structure of new neo-lignan was elucidated with spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against 4 human cancer lines including HepG2, A549, Hela, and MCF-7. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 showed the potent antiproliferative activities against the HepG2 cancer cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.8 ± 1.6 and 15.0 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 6 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on MCF-7 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 18.3 ± 1.5 μM.
Border and Becoming as Sites of Theory
Authors: McLane Michael C. , Jarvie Scott
Published: July 2020

This paper travels backwards, imagining impossibly a particular time and place in the past, to consider how the Texas–Mexico border helps make sense of our own becomings as teachers, scholars, and persons. Drawing on St. Pierre’s notion of the past as a site of theory, we ruminate on the Rio Grande Valley as “the literal ground of our consciousness”. To do this qualitative work, we turn to others who have made sense of the border fictionally, as non-scholarly forms present different possibilities for research. We explore, nostalgically, the persons we might become in a Valley long past—an openness now restricted—and ways of (re)imagining becoming, of refusing narratives that foreclose hope—work crucially exigent for the precarious lives of those on the border today and the stories we tell about them.
HIV incidence in US first-time blood donors and transfusion risk with a 12-month deferral for men who have sex with men
Authors: Grebe Eduard , Busch Michael P. , Notari Edward P. , Bruhn Roberta , Quiner Claire , Hindes Daniel , Stone Mars , Bakkour Sonia , Yang Hong , Williamson Phillip , Kessler Debra , Reik Rita , Stramer Susan L. , Glynn Simone A. , Anderson Steven A. , Williams Alan E. , Custer Brian
Published: July 2020

In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration published revised guidance that recommended a change in blood donor deferral of men who have sex with men (MSM) from an indefinite to a 12-month deferral since the donor last had sex with a man. We assessed whether HIV incidence in first-time blood donors or associated transfusion risk increased. Donations in 4 major blood collection organizations were monitored for 15 months before and 2 years after implementation of the 12-month MSM deferral policy. HIV-positive donations were classified as recently acquired or long-term using a recent infection testing algorithm and incidence in both periods estimated. Residual transfusion transmission risk was estimated by multiplying incidence by the length of the infectious window period. The latter was estimated using a model based on infectious dose and the sensitivity of nucleic acid testing. Factors associated with incident infection in each period were assessed using Poisson regression. Overall HIV incidence in first-time donors before implementation of the 12-month MSM deferral was estimated at 2.62 cases per 100 000 person-years (105 PY) (95% credible interval [CI], 1.53-3.93 cases/105 PY), and after implementation at 2.85 cases/105 PY (95% CI, 1.96-3.93 cases/105 PY), with no statistically significant change. In male first-time donors, the incidence difference was 0.93 cases/105 PY (95% CI, −1.74-3.58 cases/105 PY). The residual risk of HIV transfusion transmission through components sourced from first-time donors was estimated at 0.32 transmissions per million (106) packed red blood cell transfusions (95% CI, 0.29-0.65 transmissions/106 transfusions) before and 0.35 transmissions/106 transfusions (95% CI, 0.31-0.65 transmissions/106 transfusions) after implementation. The difference was not statistically significant. Factors associated with incident infection were the same in each period. We observed no increase in HIV incidence or HIV transfusion transmission risk after implementation of a 12-month MSM deferral policy.
Sub-fertility in crossbred bulls: deciphering testicular level transcriptomic alterations between zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) bulls
Authors: Elango Kamaraj , Kumaresan Arumugam , Sharma Ankur , Nag Pradeep , Prakash Mani Arul , Sinha Manish Kumar , Manimaran Ayyasamy , Peter Ebenezer Samuel King John , Jeyakumar Sakthivel , Selvaraju Sellappan , Ramesha Kerekoppa P. , Datta Tirtha K.
Published: July 2020

Background

The incidence of poor semen quality and sub-fertility/infertility is higher in crossbred as compared to Zebu males. Several attempts have been made to understand the possible reasons for higher incidence of fertility problems in crossbred males, at sperm phenotype, proteome and genome level but with variable results. Since the quality of the ejaculated spermatozoa is determined by the testicular environment, assessing the testicular transcriptome between these breeds would help in identifying the possible mechanisms associated with infertility in crossbred bulls. However, such information is not available. We performed global transcriptomic profiling of testicular tissue from crossbred and Zebu bulls using AgilentBos taurusGXP 8X60k AMADID: 29411 array. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the testicular mRNAs between crossbred and Zebu bulls.

Results

Out of the 14,419 transcripts detected in bovine testis, 1466 were differentially expressed between crossbred and Zebu bulls, in which 1038 were upregulated and 428 were downregulated in crossbred bulls.PI4KBandDPY19L2genes, reported to be involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome formation respectively, were among the top 10 downregulated transcripts in crossbred testis. Genes involved in ubiquitination and proteolysis were upregulated, while genes involved in cell proliferation, stem cell differentiation, stem cell population maintenance, steroidogenesis, WNT signalling, protein localization to plasma membrane, endocannabinoid signalling, heparin binding, cAMP metabolism and GABA receptor activity were downregulated in crossbred testis. Among the 10 genes validated using qPCR, expression ofCCNYL, SOX2, MSMB, SPATA7, TNP1, TNP2andCRISP2followed the same trend as observed in microarray analysis withSPATA7being significantly downregulated and transition proteins (TNP1,TNP2) being significantly upregulated in crossbred bulls.

Conclusions

Abundant proteolysis by ubiquitination and downregulation of WNT signaling, cell proliferation, differentiation and steroidogenesis might be associated with higher incidence of poor semen quality and/or sub-fertility/infertility in crossbred bulls as compared to Zebu bulls. Downregulation ofSPATA7(Spermatogenesis Associated 7) and upregulation of transition proteins (TNP1andTNP2) in crossbred bull testis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis processes including improper chromatin compaction in crossbred bulls.
A student-led curriculum framework for homeless and vulnerably housed populations
Authors: Hashmi Syeda Shanza , Saad Ammar , Leps Caroline , Gillies-Podgorecki Jamie , Feeney Brandon , Hardy Courtney , Falzone Nicole , Archibald Doug , Hoang Tuan , Bond Andrew , Wang Jean , Alkhateeb Qasem , Penney Danielle , DiFalco Amanda , Pottie Kevin
Published: July 2020

Background

Medical student demands for competency based homeless health education is increasing. Indeed, humans living homeless is a treatable health and social emergency. This innovation report outlines the initial development of an education framework for homeless health.

Methods

A medical student task force and educators conducted a mixed method study, including a scoping review of homeless health curriculum and competencies, a cross-country survey of medical students, and unique clinical guidelines. The task force collaborated with persons with lived experience and clinical guideline developers from the Homeless Health Research Network. The students presented at the Toronto Homeless Health Summit and refined the framework with feedback from homeless health experts.

Results

The main outcome was an evidence-based Homeless Health Curriculum Framework. It uses seven core competencies; with communication, advocacy, leadership, and upstream approaches playing the strongest roles. The framework integrated the new clinical guideline (housing, income assistance, case management and addiction). In addition, it identified approaches to support mental health care with trauma informed and patient centered care. It identified public health values, clinical objectives, and case studies. The framework aims to inform the design, delivery, service learning and evaluation for medical school curriculum.

Conclusions

This student-led curriculum framework can support the design, implementation, delivery and evaluation of homeless health within the undergraduate medical curriculum. The framework can lay the foundation for new doctors, research and development; support consistency across programs; and support the creation of national learning and evaluation tools.
circ_0084927 promotes cervical carcinogenesis by sponging miR-1179 that suppresses CDK2, a cell cycle-related gene
Authors: Qu Xinhua , Zhu Liumei , Song Linlin , Liu Shaohua
Published: July 2020

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor found in the lowermost part of the womb. Evolving studies on CC have reported that circRNA plays a crucial role in CC progression. In this study, we investigated the main function of a novel circRNA, circ_0084927, and its regulatory network in CC development.

Methods

qRT-PCR was applied to evaluate the expression of circ_0084927, miR-1179, and CDK2 mRNA in CC tissues and cells. Dual-luciferase reporting experiments and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to validate the target relationship of miR-1179 with circ_0084927 and CDK2 mRNA. CCK-8 and BrdU assays were also used to evaluate CC cell proliferation. The adhesion and apoptosis phenotypes of CC cells were measured using cell–matrix adhesion and caspase 3 activation assay. Flow cytometry was also employed to detect the CC cell cycle.

Results

Our results indicated that circ_0084927 was up-regulated in CC tissues and cells. Findings also revealed that circ_0084927 silence inhibited CC cell proliferation and adhesion while facilitating apoptosis and triggering cell cycle arrest. However, miR-1179 down-regulation appeared in CC tissues. Apart from observing that circ_0084927 abolished miR-1179’s inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and adhesion, it was found that CDK2 was up-regulated in CC tissues and was instrumental in cancer promotion. Also observed was that miR-1179 directly targeted CDK2, thereby inhibiting CDK2’s promotion on the malignant phenotypes of CC cells. Lastly, results indicated that circ_0084927 revoked the inhibitory effect of miR-1179 on CDK2 by sponging miR-1179.

Conclusion

circ_0084927 promoted cervical carcinogenesis by sequestering miR-1179, which directly targeted CDK2. Our results also provided novel candidate targets for CC treatment in that it revealed the circ_0084927/miR-1179/CDK2 regulatory network that strengthened CC aggressiveness.
Modeling spatial access to cervical cancer screening services in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Stewart Kathleen , Li Moying , Xia Zhiyue , Adewole Stephen Ayodele , Adeyemo Olusegun , Adebamowo Clement
Published: July 2020

Background

Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remain at high risk of developing cervical cancer and have limited access to screening programs. The limits include geographical barriers related to road network characteristics and travel behaviors but these have neither been well studied in LMIC nor have methods to overcome them been incorporated into cervical cancer screening delivery programs.

Methods

To identify and evaluate spatial barriers to cervical cancer prevention services in Ondo State, Nigeria, we applied a Multi-Mode Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area model to create a spatial access index for cervical cancer screening services in Ondo City and the surrounding region. The model used inputs that included the distance between service locations and population centers, local population density, quantity of healthcare infrastructures, modes of transportation, and the travel time budgets of clients. Two different travel modes, taxi and mini bus, represented common modes of transit. Geocoded client residential locations were compared to spatial access results to identify patterns of spatial access and estimate where gaps in access existed.

Results

Ondo City was estimated to have the highest access in the region, while the largest city, Akure, was estimated to be in only the middle tier of access. While 73.5% of clients of the hospital in Ondo City resided in the two highest access zones, 21.5% of clients were from locations estimated to be in the lowest access catchment, and a further 2.25% resided outside these limits. Some areas that were relatively close to cervical cancer screening centers had lower access values due to poor road network coverage and fewer options for public transportation.

Conclusions

Variations in spatial access were revealed based on client residential patterns, travel time differences, distance decay assumptions, and travel mode choices. Assessing access to cervical cancer screening better identifies potentially underserved locations in rural Nigeria that can inform plans for cervical cancer screening including new or improved infrastructure, effective resource allocation, introduction of service options for areas with lower access, and design of public transportation networks.
Preoperative tumor biopsy results in more detected sentinel nodes than intraoperative biopsy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Yuan Chenxi , Wang Xinzhao , Liu Zhaoyun , Li Chao , Bian Mengxue , Shan Jing , Song Xiang , Yu Zhiyong , Yu Jinming
Published: July 2020

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) plays a vital role in breast cancer surgery, and the identified number of sentinel nodes determines its accuracy for representing the status of the axillae. There are two types of tumor biopsies in breast cancer: preoperative and intraoperative biopsies. We compared the effects of the two different biopsies on the results of SLNB.

Methods

Patients with clinical stages T1–3, N0 (cT1-3 N0) tumors were enrolled in this study. A total of 53% of patients received preoperative tumor biopsy, and 47% received intraoperative excisional biopsy. To identify the sentinel lymph nodes, patients received dual tracer injection. The number of SLNs detected and the false-negative rate were compared between groups.

Results

A total of 204 patients were enrolled, 108 received preoperative tumor biopsy, and 96 received intraoperative excisional biopsy. Among all the patients, 160 received axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following SLNB. Preoperative tumor biopsy detected more SLNs than intraoperative biopsy (mean rank 113.87 vs. 90.9, p = 0.004). The false-negative rates in the preoperative and intraoperative tumor biopsy groups were 3% and 18%, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients in the preoperative tumor biopsy group had more SLNs identified than intraoperative biopsy patients. The false-negative rate was also lower in the preoperative biopsy group.
Policy learning and Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Kiendrébéogo Joël Arthur , De Allegri Manuela , Meessen Bruno
Published: July 2020

Learning is increasingly seen as an essential component to spur progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, learning remains an elusive concept, with different understandings and uses that vary from one person or organisation to another. Specifically, it appears that ‘learning for UHC’ is dominated by the teacher mode — notably scientists and experts as ‘teachers’ conveying to local decision/policy-makers as ‘learners’ what to do. This article shows that, to meet countries’ needs, it is important to acknowledge that UHC learning situations are not restricted to the most visible epistemic learning approach practiced today. This article draws on an analytical framework proposed by Dunlop and Radaelli, whereby they identified four learning modes that can emerge according to the specific characteristics of the policy process: epistemic learning, learning in the shadow of hierarchy, learning through bargaining and reflexive learning. These learning modes look relevant to help widen the learning prospects that LMICs need to advance their UHC agenda. Actually, they open up new perspectives in a research field that, until now, has appeared scattered and relatively blurry.
Kinetic analysis of the growth rate of sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparing the postoperative calcitonin-doubling rate with the hypothetical preoperative tumor volume-doubling rate
Authors: Kihara Minoru , Miyauchi Akira , Masuoka Hiroo , Higashiyama Takuya , Ito Yasuhiro , Miya Akihiro
Published: July 2020

Background

Our previous kinetic analyses of changes in the tumor volume (TV) of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas during active surveillance revealed that the tumors’ growth varied over time from rather rapid growth to shrinkage and that the hypothetical TV-doubling rates (DRs) before the patients’ presentation were much larger than their observed TV-DRs, indicating that rapid growth phases preceded their presentation. Whether this phenomenon also occurs in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 46 MTC patients (18 hereditary, 28 sporadic; 9–80 years old at surgery, median 53.5 years; 19 males and 27 females) with elevated postoperative calcitonin (Ct) measured with the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay suggesting persistent disease. We calculated each patient’s Ct-DR and his/her hypothetical TV-DR, using the tumor size and age at surgery.

Results

Ct-DRs (/year) after surgery were > 0.5, 0.1–0.5, − 0.1–0.1, and < − 0.1 in 9, 21, 12, and 4 patients, respectively (median 0.17). The hypothetical TV-DRs (/year) before surgery were > 1, 0.5–1.0, 0.1–0.5 and < 0.1 in 11, 21, 14, and 0 patients, respectively (median 0.60). The hypothetical TV-DR was higher than the observed Ct-DR in 41 of the 46 MTC patients and all 18 patients with hereditary MTC, suggesting that a rapid growth phase preceded surgery in these patients.

Conclusions

In this series of MTC patients, the pre-surgery calculated hypothetical TV-DRs were significantly higher than the Ct-DRs observed post-surgery, suggesting that there were rapid growth periods before surgery in the vast majority of these MTC patients.
Change in exhaled nitric oxide during peanut challenge is related to severity of reaction
Authors: Percival Elizabeth , Bhatia Rani , Preece Kahn , McEvoy Mark , Collison Adam , Mattes Joerg
Published: July 2020

Background

Peanut allergy affects 3% of Australian children and has a higher risk of anaphylaxis than most food allergies. Predicting who is likely to develop anaphylaxis is still an inexact science. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) shows promise as a biomarker involved in peanut allergy, as nitric oxide plays a role in inhibiting mast cell degranulation which is relevant in anaphylaxis, where mast cell degranulation plays a mediator role. The aim of this study was to assess the change in FeNO in children during peanut challenge.

Methods

Thirty-six children aged from 5 to 17 years were recruited for open-labelled peanut challenge. Participants had skin prick test to peanut performed, and serum collected for Ara h2 specific IgE and peanut specific IgE. FeNO was measured by portable device (NIOX VERO) prior to and throughout the peanut challenge.

Results

When grouped according to reaction type at peanut challenge (anaphylaxis, clinical allergy not anaphylaxis and tolerant), there were significant differences in the mean change in FeNO measurement between the anaphylaxis group and the clinical allergy, not anaphylaxis group (p = 0.005), and between the anaphylaxis group and tolerant group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

FeNO decreased more significantly in those who subsequently developed anaphylaxis than in those with clinical allergy, not anaphylaxis or negative peanut challenge (tolerance). As a bedside test that can be used in children, it has potential for further research into mechanisms of anaphylaxis in food allergy and potentially assists in predicting an imminent anaphylactic reaction in some patients.

Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: PEAnut Anaphylaxis Predictors (PEAAP) NCT02424136.
Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism?
Authors: Griffin Jason W. , Scherf K. Suzanne
Published: July 2020

Background

Shifts in eye gaze communicate social information that allows people to respond to another’s behavior, interpret motivations driving behavior, and anticipate subsequent behavior. Understanding the social communicative nature of gaze shifts requires the ability to link eye movements and mental state information about objects in the world. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical sensitivity to eye gaze cues, which impacts social communication and relationships. We evaluated whether reduced visual attention to faces explains this difficulty in ASD.

Methods

We employed eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention to faces and gazed-at objects in a 4-alternative forced choice paradigm in adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents. Participants determined the target object that an actor was looking at in ecologically rich scenes. We controlled for group differences in task engagement and data quality.

Results

In the Gaze Following task, adolescents with ASD were relatively impaired (Cohen’s d = 0.63) in the ability to identify the target object. In contrast to predictions, both groups exhibited comparable fixation durations to faces and target objects. Among both groups, individuals who looked longer at the target objects, but not faces, performed better in the task. Finally, among the ASD group, parent SSIS-Social Skills ratings were positively associated with performance on the Gaze Following task. In the Gaze Perception task, there was a similar pattern of results, which provides internal replication of the findings that visual attention to faces is not related to difficulty interpreting eye gaze cues. Together, these findings indicate that adolescents with ASD are capable of following gaze, but have difficulty linking gaze shifts with mental state information.

Limitations

Additional work is necessary to determine whether these findings generalize to individuals across the full autism spectrum. New paradigms that manipulate component processes of eye gaze processing need to be tested to confirm these interpretations.

Conclusions

Reduced visual attention to faces does not appear to contribute to atypical processing of eye gaze cues among adolescents with ASD. Instead, the difficulty for individuals with ASD is related to understanding the social communicative aspects of eye gaze information, which may not be extracted from visual cues alone.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension and Their Associated Risks for Poor Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Barrera Francisco J , Shekhar Skand , Wurth Rachel , Moreno-Pena Pablo J , Ponce Oscar J , Hajdenberg Michelle , Alvarez-Villalobos Neri A , Hall Janet E , Schiffrin Ernesto L , Eisenhofer Graeme , Porter Forbes , Brito Juan P , Bornstein Stefan R , Stratakis Constantine A , González-González José Gerardo , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez René , Hannah-Shmouni Fady
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has affected millions of people and may disproportionately affect those with hypertension and diabetes. Because of inadequate methods in published systematic reviews, the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and associated risks of poor outcomes in Covid-19 patients are unknown. We searched databases from December 1, 2019, to April 6, 2020, and selected observational peer-reviewed studies in English of patients with Covid-19. Independent reviewers extracted data on study participants, interventions, and outcomes and assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence. We included 65 (15 794 participants) observational studies at moderate to high risk of bias. Overall prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-15; n = 12 870; I2: 89%), and 17% (95% CI, 13-22; n = 12 709; I2: 95%), respectively. In severe Covid-19, the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were 18% (95% CI, 16-20; n = 1099; I2: 0%) and 32% (95% CI, 16-54; n = 1078; I2: 63%), respectively. Unadjusted relative risk for intensive care unit admission and mortality were 1.96 (95% CI, 1.19-3.22; n = 8890; I2: 80%; P = .008) and 2.78 (95% CI, 1.39-5.58; n = 2058; I2: 75%; P = .0004) for diabetics; and 2.95 (95% CI, 2.18-3.99; n = 1737; I2: 0%; P < .001) and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.54-3.73; n = 3107; I2: 66%; P < .001) for hypertensives. Neither diabetes (1.50; 95% CI, 0.90-2.50; n = 1991; I2: 74%; P = .119) nor hypertension (1.48; 95% CI, 0.99-2.23; n = 2023; I2: 69%; P = .058) was associated with severe Covid-19. In conclusion, the risk of intensive care unit admission and mortality for patients with diabetes or hypertension who developed Covid-19 is increased compared with those without these comorbidities.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020176582.
Preoperative Intravenous Iron and Erythropoietin to Treat Severe Anemia in Patient With Stage 4 Kidney Disease Before Oncologic Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Luan-Erfe Betty M. , Yilmaz Meltem , Sweitzer BobbieJean
Published: July 2020

Preoperative treatment of anemia with intravenous iron is inconsistent despite known risks of anemia and allogeneic blood transfusions. Limited research exists on the effectiveness of preoperative intravenous iron for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We discuss a patient with severe anemia from advanced CKD, endometrial cancer, and menometrorrhagia. Her hemoglobin increased more than 2 g/dL after erythropoietin and two 750-mg ferric carboxymaltose infusions 5 weeks before a total abdominal hysterectomy and avoided blood transfusions perioperatively. By raising hemoglobin, preoperative intravenous iron and erythropoietin reduce blood transfusions and consequent risk of future allograft rejection and alloimmunization in potential transplant recipients.
Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking
Authors: Balbinot Gustavo , Schuch Clarissa Pedrini , Bianchi Oliveira Henrique , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A.
Published: July 2020

Systems biology postulates the balance between energy production and conservation in optimizing locomotion. Here, we analyzed how mechanical energy production and conservation influenced metabolic energy expenditure in stroke survivors during treadmill walking at different speeds. We used the body center of mass (BCoM) and segmental center of mass to calculate mechanical energy production: external and each segment's mechanical work (Wseg). We also estimated energy conservation by applying the pendular transduction framework (i.e. energy transduction within the step; Rint). Energy conservation was likely optimized by the paretic lower-limb acting as a rigid shaft while the non-paretic limb pushed the BCoM forward at the slower walking speed. Wseg production was characterized by greater movements between the limbs and body, a compensatory strategy used mainly by the non-paretic limbs. Overall, Wseg production following a stroke was characterized by non-paretic upper-limb compensation, but also by an exaggerated lift of the paretic leg. This study also highlights how post-stroke subjects may perform a more economic gait while walking on a treadmill at preferred walking speeds. Complex neural adaptations optimize energy production and conservation at the systems level, and may fundament new insights onto post-stroke neurorehabilitation.

This article has and associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Investigating and evaluating evidence of the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures – A protocol for a scoping review of COVID-19 research
Authors: Noone Chris , Warner Nikolett , Byrne Molly , Durand Hannah , Lavoie Kim L. , McGuire Brian E. , McSharry Jenny , Meade Oonagh , Morrissey Eimear , Molloy Gerry , O'Connor Laura , Toomey Elaine
Published: July 2020

Background: The WHO has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. With no vaccine currently available, using behavioural measures to reduce the spread of the virus within the population is an important tool in mitigating the effects of this pandemic. As such, social distancing measures are being implemented globally and have proven an effective tool in slowing the large-scale spread of the virus.

Aim: This scoping review will focus on answering key questions about the state of the evidence on the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research on COVID-19. 

Methods: A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidelines for best practice. Literature searches will be conducted using online databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PsycInfo, alongside relevant pre-print servers. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted independently by two members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion and an additional team member if needed. Quality appraisal will be conducted using the Cochrane’s ROBINS-I tool, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist where appropriate. Results will be analysed by mapping findings onto the Theoretical Domains Framework and visualising characteristics of the included studies using EviAtlas. This scoping review is pre-registered with Open Science Framework.

Conclusions The results of this study may facilitate the systematic development of behavioural interventions to increase adherence to social distancing measures.
Remote videolink observation of model home sampling and home testing devices to simplify usability studies for point-of-care diagnostics
Authors: Needs Sarah H. , Bull Stephanie P. , Bravo Josefina , Walker Sue , Little Gemma , Hart Julie , Edwards Alexander D.
Published: July 2020

Both home sample collection and home testing using rapid point-of-care diagnostic devices can offer benefits over attending a clinic/hospital to be tested by a healthcare professional. Usability is critical to ensure that in-home sampling or testing by untrained users does not compromise analytical performance. Usability studies can be laborious and rely on participants attending a research location or a researcher visiting homes; neither has been appropriate during COVID-19 outbreak control restrictions. We therefore developed a remote research usability methodology using videolink observation of home users. This avoids infection risks from home visits and ensures the participant follows the test protocol in their home environment. In this feasibility study, volunteers were provided with models of home blood testing and home blood sampling kits including a model lancet, sampling devices for dried blood spot collection, and model lateral flow device. After refining the study protocol through an initial pilot (n = 7), we compared instructions provided either as written instructions (n = 5), vs addition of video instructions (n = 5), vs written and video instructions plus videolink supervision by the researcher (n = 5). All users were observed via video call to define which test elements could be assessed remotely. All 22 participants in the study accessed the video call and configured their videolink allowing the researcher to clearly observe all testing tasks. The video call allowed the researcher to assess distinct errors during use including quantitative (volume of blood) and qualitative (inaccurate interpretation of results) errors many of which could compromise test accuracy. All participants completed the tasks and returned images of their completed tests (22/22) and most returned completed questionnaires (20/22). We suggest this remote observation via videolink methodology is a simple, rapid and powerful methodology to assess and optimise usability of point-of-care testing methods in the home setting.
Hypertext as a Way of Organizing Educational Space (Professional Communication in the Context of Russian as a Foreign Language)
Authors: Manchenko D.
Published: July 2020

Arguing that the modern educational space in connection with the change in the paradigm of information presentation and knowledge acquisition presupposes the presence of new approaches and new, more advanced and adequate tools, the author of the article suggests organizing propaedeutic training of foreign students of a natural science profile in the hypertext format. The author describes in General terms the model of hypertext educational environment and argues its advantages.
Epidemiologic Features of Distal Radius Fractures in Severe Trauma Patients at the Busan Regional Trauma Center
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Kwak Sang Ho , Jang Hyo Seok , An Sung Jin , Lee Gwang Eun , Cho Yoon Jae , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are often observed in simple trauma in older women with osteoporosis, and severe trauma caused by traffic or fall accidents. In this study, we aim to classify the DRFs according to injury mechanism, and statistically compare epidemiologic factors, radiological characteristics, and functional scores.Methods: From 2013 to 2018, 112 cases of trauma in 104 patients (70 monotrauma and 42 severe traumas) diagnosed with DRFs were included. Patients were divided into the low-energy monotrauma (ML), high-energy monotrauma (MH), and severe trauma (ST) groups and analyzed for differences in sex, Injury Severity Score (ISS), accompanying ipsilateral injuries, radiologic indices, AO classification, and functional outcome scores (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand and Modified Mayo Wrist Score). Results: Significant differences were observed in sex, age, ISS, and accompanying ipsilateral injury among three group (p < 0.001). Distribution of AO classification was not significantly different among the groups. Especially, sex, age, and accompanying ipsilateral injury were significantly different between the ML and MH groups (p<0.001). postoperative DASH and MMWS were significantly different between the mono- and severe trauma groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: Severe trauma with DRFs was observed at a lower age and more frequently accompanied by ipsilateral injury and high ISS. Additionally, the functional outcomes were lower after severe trauma than after monotrauma. Therefore, for DRF patients with severe trauma, attention should be paid to the pattern of fracture as well as the accompanying injury and postoperative management and rehabilitation associated with it.
Recent advances in the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Mirzaali Mikaeil , Carrasco Ana Carmona , Mundre Pradeep , Sood Ruchit
Published: July 2020

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency with associated significant morbidity and mortality. There are multiple published national and international guidelines on the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). However, the 2015 National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death group (NCEPOD) report identified several areas of concern regarding suboptimal care. This article discusses the latest evidence and guidance on the pre-endoscopic, endoscopic and post-endoscopic management of patients presenting with AUGIB. AUGIB should be assessed for risk stratification using a validated score, such as the Glasgow-Blatchford Score, Rockall Score or AIMS65. Treatment considerations include the optimum threshold for red blood cell transfusion, as well as the reintroduction of antithrombotic agents. Novel endoscopic therapies include haemostatic powder spray, over-the-scope clips, ultrasound doppler probes and self-expandable oesophageal stents.
Investing in nurses around the world
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: July 2020

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, discusses a recent World Health Organization report
A supported living service providing valuable lessons during the pandemic: a behind-the-scenes interview
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: July 2020

The impact of COVID-19 has rippled through the health and social care landscape, changing service provision—perhaps forever. Consultant editor Adrian Ashurst interviews the CEO and senior team of a specialist supported living service, Northern Healthcare, on their survival strategies for the pandemic
Sharing and caring: the rebirth of the almshouse
Authors: Worpole Ken
Published: July 2020

Many will agree that loneliness and isolation is a common issue for those living in residential care facilities. Ken Worpole outlines his involvement with the construction of a new kind of facility that will allow residents the opportunity for reflection, connection and community engagement
Reaching boiling point: Recognising angry patients
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: July 2020

Dealing with angry patients is one thing – but wouldn't it be good to know why they become irate? Dave Hancock seeks the answers
Dietitian support in primary care
Authors: Hickson Mary , Collinson Avril , Child Jenny
Published: July 2020

Traditionally, dietitians have worked in acute hospital settings, but many are finding new roles in primary care. This article explains how dietitians can lead treatment in a range of conditions and provide care more effectively then conventional models
The hidden health costs of COVID-19
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: July 2020

Millions of patients living with health problems including cancer have been affected during the pandemic with their treatment postponed or cancelled, a new report says
«Hablo de cambiar esta nuestra casa»: dictadura y democratización argentina en las canciones de Fito Páez
Authors: Perrone Samir
Published: July 2020

Este artículo examina las condiciones de producción y los efectos de sentido de algunas de las primeras canciones de Fito Páez, destacando los aspectos discursivos, políticos e históricos de su crítica al régimen dictatorial argentino. Después de una breve reflexión sobre la canción como fuente de investigación y el rol del rock nacional, el artículo analiza composiciones que expresan relevantes rasgos acerca del contexto político en Argentina a principios de la década de 1980.
Students' Awareness as an Underlying Factor for Satisfaction and Compliance
Authors: Goda Omar , Mahdy Donia , Yosef Mostafa , Amin Hebat Allah , Ahmed Samar
Published: July 2020

As soon as the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, many higher education facilities had to change their educational and teaching strategies to cope with the lockdown. Some medical schools decided to rely on online teaching while others depended on students self-learning abilities. Methods of assessment also changed as some medical schools implemented pass/ fail exams, online exams, and research projects while others postponed their final exams. In Egypt, medical schools started delivering their lectures online and changed the assessment criteria of the preclinical academic years to depend mainly on research and online exams while postponed the clinical rotations and final exams of the clinical years. This study assesses medical students awareness of the current situation regarding the safety guidelines and their satisfaction with the solutions provided by their schools for the plans to continue their learning and the new assessment methods and criteria. The method used for data collection is an online survey filled by medical students from around Egypt. After collecting the data and analyzing responses, we found that 66.2% of students who answered the survey do not think that the safety measures taken by their universities after the return back will be enough.
Effect of BI Rate, Inflation and Index Dow Jones Against Jakarta Islamic Index (JII)
Authors: Nugraha Septy Setia , Setiawan Iwan
Published: July 2020

The capital market in Indonesia is developing with the presence of the Islamic capital market through a collaboration between the Indonesia Stock Exchange and PT. Danareksa Investment Management by launching the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) on July 3, 2000. The existence of Islamic mutual funds emerged as an answer to the concerns of Muslim investors regarding interest, speculation, and unclear investment in mutual funds. This study aimed to estimate the effect of inflation, BI Rate, Exchange Rate and Dow Jones Industrial Average Index on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). This study uses secondary data based on time series from Quarter 1: 2008-Quarter 4: 2018, obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Bank Indonesia, the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics and Financial Economics and Statistics. The analytical method used for this study uses an analytical approach multiple linear regression. Based on the simultaneous test shows that the Inflation, BI Rate, Exchange Rate and Dow Jones Index influence together on JII. Based on the results of the study it was found that the Inflation variable partially and significantly affected JII
Manajemen Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan dalam Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) di SD Negeri Buayan Kebumen
Authors: Nudin Burhan , Prayesti Tyas , Suratiningsih Suratiningsih , Dwi Novianty Wahyu
Published: July 2020

Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan (GSM) i.e Enjoyable School Movement, actively participates in the creation of an adaptive educational culture with changing times. This research aims to analyze GSM management in Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) i.e Character Building Affirmation in Buayan 1 Kebumen Elementary School. This is descriptive-qualitative research. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that GSM management in Buayan 1 Kebumen Elementary School uses the following functions: 1) Planning with carefully in elaborating GSM principles by school resources; 2) Organizing, with the formation of work divisions explained in detail according to authority and duties; 3) Implementation through the establishment of a 'learning environment' which provides physical and emotional development space for students; 4) Supervision by analyzing strengths, weaknesses, supporting and inhibiting factors for future program improvement references. GSM has become the right program to be developed as a solution to the imbalance in the quality of education so far through grassroots transformation.
Pengaruh Penegerian Madrasah Terhadap Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di MAN 2 Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Majir Abdul , Kurniawan Yohanes
Published: July 2020

The government implements private madrasa in order to improve Islamic education services. The strengthening of the existence of madrasa is inseparable from the participation of stakeholders. Especially in the fields of managerial, human resources, and infrastructure. The combination of a traditional Islamic education system with a modern Islamic education system is an appropriate alternative policy. This study aims to describe the concept of education management in the madrasa, the role of stakeholders, and the influence of madrasa enforcement on the implementation of education quality improvement in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. This research is a case study with an interpretive or post positivistic approach. The findings of this study are the establishment of madrasa has a positive effect on the madrasah management which is more transparent, accountable, collaborative, coordinative, and while maintaining the characteristics of madrasas. Cooperative Participation Management based on religiosity become model of education quality improvement in MAN 2 Manggarai.
Nachhaltiger Konsum und Sozial-ökologische Forschung: Welche Rolle spielt die Digitalisierung für eine Nachhaltigkeitstransformation?
Authors: Macke Sonja
Published: July 2020

Mit unserem täglichen Konsum strapazieren wir die ökologische Tragfähigkeit unseres Planeten. Vielen von uns ist die Notwendigkeit, Konsum nachhaltiger zu gestalten, bewusst. Doch wie geht das konkret? Hier sind nicht nur die Verbraucher(innen) gefragt, sondern auch die
Unternehmen und die Politik. An innovativen Lösungen forschen Wissenschaftler(innen) im Förderschwerpunkt Sozial-ökologische Forschung.
,,Wir müssen eine nachhaltige Gesellschaft aufbauen ‐ wobei die Wissenschaft gefordert ist“
Authors: Bergman Manfred Max , Stauffacher Michael
Published: July 2020

Inwiefern wirken sich die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung aus? Welchen Beitrag kann die saguf zu den SDGs leisten? Diese und andere Fragen diskutiert Manuela Di Giulio mit Manfred Max Bergman und Michael Stauffacher ‐ dem neuen und dem scheidenden
Präsidenten der saguf.
Nur in Teilen erfolgreich: die reformierte europäische Fischereipolitik
Authors: Salomon Markus
Published: July 2020

Die EU ist noch weit davon entfernt, Vorreiter bei der Bewirtschaftung ihrer marinen biologischen Ressourcen zu sein. Mit der 2013 reformierten Gemeinsamen Fischereipolitik (GFP) wurden zwar wichtige Instrumente für ein nachhaltiges Fischereimanagement etabliert. Sieben Jahre später
zeigt sich aber, dass es mehr Anstrengungen erfordert, die Ressourcen zu schützen. So müssen insbesondere das Bestandsmanagement, die Kontrolle der Fischereiaktivitäten und der Schutz von Ökosystemen stärker auf die Ziele der neuen GFP ausgerichtet werden.
The convergence of electricity and digitalization in the Netherlands
Authors: Dekker Romy , Van Est Rinie
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the convergence of electricity and digitalization in the Netherlands. Based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework, we first show how the Paris Agreement on global warming in 2015 has led to a new renewable energy policy paradigm, in which digitalization plays a key enabling role. We will then show that the far-reaching convergence of electricity and digitalization pursued by European and Dutch policy makers will raise new policy issues. The core challenge is adequate energy data governance. Digitalization also raises policy issues in the areas of safety, consumer protection, democratic control, and equal distribution of costs and benefits in a digitized energy system. As the transition to a sustainable energy system must take place rapidly and energy data are expected to play a crucial role in achieving this, these issues are urgent.
Exercises in expansion. Colonial threads in the National Democracy’s turn toward discipline
Authors: Snochowska-Gonzalez Claudia
Published: July 2020

1895 was the first year of the “Brazilian fever” in Galicia, i.e. a migration wave of peasant masses from Galicia to Brazil. In my article, I analyze the content of the 1895 “transitional” volume of Przegląd Wszechpolski (“All-Polish Review”), previously called Przegląd Emigracyjny (Migration Review), when the Lviv journal passed into the hands of the National League. I shall discuss the ways in which folk masses were presented in particular articles, and reflect on the meaning of the concept of colonization used there. In the articles of Przegląd Wszechpolski, the idea of Polish colonization (i.e. the settlement in Brazil and the United States of the peasant masses expelled by poverty from their home villages in partitioned Poland) began to intertwine with the idea of the colonization of these masses – attempts to ensure that they would remain Polish and Catholic, and with the idea of the expansion of Polish national body, so that it takes its proper place in the global capitalist economy. I argue that dealing with Polish colonisation played significant role in the National Democracy’s “turn toward discipline,” usually associated with another example of spontaneous mobilization of the masses – the 1905 revolution.