bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Cloud Point Fractionation of Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate): Partition of Nanogels in the Fractions
Authors: Atanase Leonard I. , Riess Gérard
Published: July 2011

Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (PVA), well-known as emulsion stabilizers, are obtained by partial hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). Their thermal cloud point fractionation was performed in aqueous medium between 40 and 75 °C. This fractionation was carried out in order to get an insight in the partition of the initially present nanogels in the different fractions. All the fractions were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), NMR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) giving access to average degree of polymerization , DPw average degree of hydrolysis DH, average sequence lengths of vinyl acetate VAc, volume fraction and average size diameter (Dv) of nanogels and “free PVA chains”. The polydispersity of the samples in DPw, DH and VAc could be confirmed. The nanogels characterized by the highest values of volume fraction and Dv, in the range of 40–43 nm, were separated in the first coacervate fraction, whereas the most soluble fraction with low VAc content does not contain nanogels but only “free chains” of a Dv value of around 7–8 nm. The nanogels in the various fractions could further be disaggregated into “free chains” by complex formation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
A Systematic Review of Studies Using the Brief COPE: Religious Coping in Factor Analyses
Authors: Krägeloh Christian U.
Published: July 2011

Religion is generally recognized as a major resource for dealing with stressful events, but its relationship with secular coping strategies continues to be debated. The present article provides a systematic review of the way in which analyses of the sub-scale turning to religion of the widely used Brief COPE [1] instrument are presented in peer-reviewed research articles, in order to investigate how the wealth of data published using this instrument can inform how religious coping relates to other coping strategies. Of the 212 identified articles that included turning to religion in their analyses, 80 combined sub-scale scores to form higher-order coping factors, 38 of which based on exploratory factor analyses of their own datasets. When factor analyses had used individual items as indicators, religious coping was more likely to load together with maladaptive coping strategies, and more likely with adaptive coping strategies when analyses were conducted at sub-scale level. To a large extent, the variation in the results from exploratory factor analyses appears to be due to the diverse and often inappropriate factor analytic techniques used to determine the factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument. Reports from factor analyses of the Brief COPE therefore have very little value when trying to make general conclusions about the role of religious coping in relation to secular coping methods.
Comparison of the Noise Robustness of FVC Retrieval Algorithms Based on Linear Mixture Models
Authors: Obata Kenta , Yoshioka Hiroki
Published: July 2011

The fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) is often estimated by unmixing a linear mixture model (LMM) to assess the horizontal spread of vegetation within a pixel based on a remotely sensed reflectance spectrum. The LMM-based algorithm produces results that can vary to a certain degree, depending on the model assumptions. For example, the robustness of the results depends on the presence of errors in the measured reflectance spectra. The objective of this study was to derive a factor that could be used to assess the robustness of LMM-based algorithms under a two-endmember assumption. The factor was derived from the analytical relationship between FVC values determined according to several previously described algorithms. The factor depended on the target spectra, endmember spectra, and choice of the spectral vegetation index. Numerical simulations were conducted to demonstrate the dependence and usefulness of the technique in terms of robustness against the measurement noise.
Transmittance of Airborne Laser Scanning Pulses for Boreal Forest Elevation Modeling
Authors: Ahokas Eero , Hyyppä Juha , Yu Xiaowei , Holopainen Markus
Published: July 2011

The transmittance of laser pulses through the forest canopy was studied as a function of forest attributes (inventory parameters) and the scanning angle from the point of view of elevation modeling. Here transmittance is defined as the ratio of the number of pulses within a threshold of the detected elevation model to the total number of transmitted pulses. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) using a Leica ALS50-II scanner took place on 25 July 2009 in the Evo test area in Southern Finland. The total number of circular field test plots with a radius of 10 meters was 246. Several of the test plots were observed from two different flight lines, and this resulted in 454 observations. Multiple regression analysis was applied to calculate statistical parameters for the scanning angle and the forest attributes. The canopy layer is an important factor that influences the number of ground hits. We found that the characteristics of the trees determine the number of transmitted pulses penetrating down to the ground level. When using scanning angles between 0 to 15 degrees in forested areas, the results showed that the scanning angle did not have a statistically significant effect on the vegetation penetration nor on the number of ground hits. It appears to be feasible to increase the scanning angle for boreal forest elevation modeling if some degree of local shadowing can be accepted in the data. By increasing the scanning angle, it is also possible to perform laser scanning and digital aerial photography simultaneously even over forested areas. Nationwide laser scanning in Finland and Sweden is carried out with scanning angles of ±20 degrees, but further studies are needed to assess the results when using even larger scanning angles.
Highly Mass-Sensitive Thin Film Plate Acoustic Resonators (FPAR)
Authors: Arapan Lilia , Alexieva Gergana , Avramov Ivan D. , Radeva Ekaterina , Strashilov Vesseline , Katardjiev Ilia , Yantchev Ventsislav
Published: July 2011

The mass sensitivity of thin aluminum nitride (AlN) film S0 Lamb wave resonators is theoretically and experimentally studied. Theoretical predictions based on modal and finite elements method analysis are experimentally verified. Here, two-port 888 MHz synchronous FPARs are micromachined and subsequently coated with hexamethyl-disiloxane(HMDSO)-plasma-polymerized thin films of various thicknesses. Systematic data on frequency shift and insertion loss versus film thickness are presented. FPARs demonstrate high mass-loading sensitivity as well as good tolerance towards the HMDSO viscous losses. Initial measurements in gas phase environment are further presented.
Characterization and Optimization of Polymer-Ceramic Pressure-Sensitive Paint by Controlling Polymer Content
Authors: Sakaue Hirotaka , Kakisako Takuma , Ishikawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2011

A pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) with fast response characteristics that can be sprayed on a test article is studied. This PSP consists of a polymer for spraying and a porous particle for providing the fast response. We controlled the polymer content (%) from 10 to 90% to study its effects on PSP characteristics: the signal level, pressure sensitivity, temperature dependency, and time response. The signal level and temperature dependency shows a peak in the polymer content around 50 to 70%. The pressure sensitivity was fairly constant in the range between 0.8 and 0.9 %/kPa. The time response is improved by lowering the polymer content. The variation of the time response is shown to be on the order of milliseconds to ten seconds. A weight coefficient is introduced to optimize the resultant PSPs. By setting the weight coefficient, we can optimize the PSP for sensing purposes.
Coupling Numerical and Physical Modeling for Analysis of Flow in a Diversion Structure with Coanda-effect Screens
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mahmood , Coonrod Julie
Published: July 2011

There is an increasing need to screen water in surface water collection systems to remove floating debris and small aquatic organisms to protect receiving water bodies. Recently, the Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo Flood Control Authority (AMAFCA, New Mexico, USA) has actively introduced structural debris removal from storm-water facilities as a best management practice. In the South Diversion Channel Project, AMAFCA’s objective is to divert the flow at the upstream end of the existing concrete structure and remove debris from this flow using Coanda-effect screens before allowing it to re-enter the channel. Design limitations, such as access to the debris removal site, existing components of the concrete structure, topography of the site, and need for flow-regulating structures complicate the design. This paper shows how numerical modeling tools (Delft3D-FLOW model) and physical modeling can be used in conjunction to observe flow patterns in a diversion structure and around Coanda-effect screens, estimate design parameters and thereby provide design recommendations.
Martelage et damnatio memoriae : une introduction
Authors: Benoist Stéphane
Published: July 2011

After a few remarks about the precise definition of a modern concept (damnatio memoriae) from ancient realities (damnati, abolitio memoriae), this introduction deals with a selection of examples on erasure and methodological or historiographical problems. These examples are founded on the constitution of an epigraphical and literary databank from a geographical perspective (by Roman provinces), and give the evidence of a political, juridical and sociological process.
Les vétérans de la garnison de Rome en Italie du Nord : regiones X et XI
Authors: Boussier Claire
Published: July 2011

The study of the inscriptions left in the Xth and XIth Augustan regions by the veterans of the garrison of Rome may bring a new light on the discussed question of the social origin of these men, on their destiny after their discharge, their insertion in the local society and the social mobility conferred by their personal status of veteran. Methodologically, we only paid attention to the inscriptions on which the status of veteran was obvious: we never presumed it. The catalogue is composed of 5 military diplomas, 4 votive and 18 funerary inscriptions which give us most of the interesting data. It appears that the ueterani Augusti settled in these regions had family relationship and were part of the civil society, but very few of them carried on public offices in their city. They have drawn pride from their status of veteran of Augustus. For the very most part, the inscriptions concern natives of these regions. The texts concision as regard to the length of the service and the regimental roll is striking; this must incite us to be cautious when giving the status of dismissed soldiers to those whose epitaphs contain all these elements. The military service in the garrison of Rome does not appear as a great vector of social promotion, specially as regards the municipal offices, for those whose families were not wealthy or taken into great consideration, but it allowed them to acquire a major welfare and a rather valuable social status.
Il principe in villa. Residenze imperiali in Italia e servizi di sicurezza
Authors: Ricci Cecilia
Published: July 2011

Gli imperatori viaggiavano spesso in Italia e nelle province accompagnati da amici, collaboratori, personale di servizio e soldati. Sappiamo che in particolare nei dintorni di Roma esistevano numerose residenze destinate ad accogliere periodicamente il sovrano, consentendogli di riposare e lavorare nel modo più sicuro e proficuo. Per studiare l’organizzazione del sistema di sicurezza all’imperatore in visita alle sue ville, si parte in questo lavoro da alcuni dei luoghi (Centumcellae, Lorium, Alsium, Albanum, Lanuuium, Praeneste, Tibur) che ospitarono residenze imperiali ben frequentate, per cercare, attraverso le iscrizioni, tracce della presenza dei soldati (pretoriani, equites singulares Augusti, classiarii, uigiles) che viaggiavano al seguito del principe.
I patrimoni dei senatori nel suburbio di Roma : criteri di ricerca epigrafica, primi risultati e nuove acquisizioni
Authors: Chioffi Laura
Published: July 2011

Le uillae dei dintorni di Roma erano tra i beni immobiliari più ambiti dai senatori. Si presentavano come residenze di campagna per possidenti particolarmente facoltosi, quasi sempre ai vertici della piramide sociale. Si differenziavano dalle domus, abitazioni cittadine dei medesimi, sia in quanto centri di produzione economica, sia per una specifica monumentalità, alternativa e non subalterna a quella della città, personalizzata da scelte decorative accessorie, che esaltavano la piacevolezza di un priuatum esclusivo, in cui il dominus esercitava in pieno le funzioni inerenti al titolo. Il loro studio rientra in un lavoro d’indagine, avviato già da qualche tempo. Utilizzando le iscrizioni, s’intende esaminare le diverse articolazioni •residenziali, produttive e sacre •delle proprietà terriere, allo scopo di ricostruire una mappa catastale della fascia intorno a Roma, che sia compresa tra le mura aureliane e il limite massimo di 20 chilometri di distanza dal centro. Dai risultati finora ottenuti appare che tali beni furono intestati in percentuale maggiore a membri del senato o a loro famigliari ma solo per una minoranza di costoro si può essere sicuri di avere sovrapposto con buon grado di probabilità l’onomastica all’evidenza archeologica; nella maggioranza dei casi l’ubicazione rimane necessariamente indicativa. Qualche novità si è aggiunta analizzando il rapporto tra possessores e sacra. Il totale raggiunto finora comprende 68 senatori titolari di praedia nei dintorni di Roma, dai quali è possibile estrapolare 12 clarissimae feminae.
Sulle proprietà senatorie in Campania con particolare riguardo al periodo da Augusto al III secolo
Authors: Camodeca Giuseppe
Published: July 2011

L’auteur reprend en considération le thème de la propriété sénatoriale en Campanie, avec une attention particulière pour la période entre Auguste et le IIIe siècle, sur la base d’un réexamen ponctuel de la documentation dont on dispose; les données sur lesquelles repose cette documentation ont été beaucoup rénovées et élargies (y compris grâce à quelques inédits). Désormais il faut considérer comme incomplets ou inadéquats les traitements les plus récents sur l’argument. S’il est vrai que la base documentaire dépend encore beaucoup du hasard des trouvailles et de la variété des types de sources disponibles cas par cas, cependant on peut déjà mettre en évidence des lignes directrices ainsi que quelques caractéristiques des différentes périodes: époques augustéenne et julio-claudienne, flavienne et antonine, sévérienne. Il est indispensable lors de l’enquête de distinguer avec soin les propriétés des sénateurs d’origine autre que locale. Le tableau général qui en ressort est bien différent et beaucoup plus articulé que ceux précédemment proposés; il est certain que de nouvelles données le préciseront et l’enrichiront encore.
Patrimoines sénatoriaux de la Decima Regio
Authors: Tassaux Francis
Published: July 2011

This paper assembles the evidence on landed-property and other revenue sources for senators from Regio X, as well as the origin of their fortune, when it is possible, by cross-referencing literary and epigraphic sources with topographic data and, in a certain number of cases, with the archaeology of large uillae. The documentation is particularly extensive in Istria for the Julio-Claudian period, where the aristocracy of colonial origin (Palpellii, Laecanii) was in contact with the high Roman nobility who arrived during the Augustan period (Statilii, Acilii Glabriones), or even earlier (Cassii Longini, Calpurni Pisones, C. Vibii). In contrast, the evidence on property is quite rare in Eastern Venetia (Ragonii from Opitergium) and even in Aquileia

(Mutilii, Ummidii), while the involvement of the senatorial aristocracy in manufacturing and commercial activities is very difficult to establish in the largest Adriatic port. In Western Venetia, the documentation is extensive for the cities of Brixia and Verona, which included several new

gentes at the beginning of the Empire, and in which the society was dominated by powerful families at the end of the 2nd and in the beginning of the 3rd century (Nonii, Roscii, Postumii). Lastly, Vicetia and Patauium, while raising some delicate questions, show some original aspects of the way in which relations with the imperial milieu occupied a fundamental place.
The Role of Transport and Accommodation Infrastructure in the Development of Eco/Nature Tourism in Cameroon
Authors: Kimbu Albert
Published: July 2011

This article investigates the significance and importance of transport and other service or nontransport (accommodation) infrastructure as important factors in the development of Cameroon as a future competitive eco/nature tourism destination. Based on the results of primary data collected
in Cameroon, the article examines and sheds light on the evolution in Cameroon's service infrastructure since independence in 1960 with particular emphasis on the transport and accommodation infrastructure into and within Cameroon's natural parks, reserves, and other tourist attractions. Through
an analysis of a tourist satisfaction survey, field observations, and discussions with tour operators, the article points out the sensitivity of tourists visiting the country to the service infrastructure especially with regards to the transport and accommodation infrastructure and how these
services impacted on their general holiday experience and the image it portrays of Cameroon—an eco/nature tourism holiday destination. It also examines the current state of the transport system and infrastructure both into and within the country as well as its accommodation infrastructure,
and in the process highlights shortcomings that are to be found in Cameroon's transport and other service infrastructure. The concluding section of the article proposes a way forward in alleviating some of the concerns raised after analyzing data from the survey, discussions, and field observation.
Recommendations that should be taken into consideration by all stakeholders responsible for the conception, development, and implementation of policies dealing with transport, accommodation, and other service infrastructure to and within sites that attract tourists, nature lovers in particular,
and Cameroon in general, thereby enhancing the image of the country as a favorable eco/nature tourism destination are proposed.
For What Stands the "B" in the CBT Concept: Community-Based or Community-Biased Tourism? Some Insights from Namibia
Authors: Lapeyre Renaud
Published: July 2011

Since the middle of the 1990s, the Namibian government has tried to tackle land and socioeconomic inequalities prevailing in the country. In this regard, rural communities, registered as communal conservancies, were granted new rights over wildlife and tourism resources. As a result,
these communities were able to start operating tourism ventures in rural areas and benefit from associated revenues generated. In this process, these were in addition strongly technically and financially assisted by donors and NGOs. Nevertheless, in this article we argue that tourism benefits
delivered so far at the local level have proved quite limited. Two reasons could explain this situation. First, rural communities and supporting NGOs lack minimum capacity and skills to efficiently manage tourism businesses. Second, the tourism sector is best characterized as a very competitive
global commodity chain (GCC), where economic power lies in tour operators' hands and thus where rural communities can only capture a marginal share.
CCL20 Stimulates Proinflammatory Mediator Synthesis in Human Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Through a MAP Kinase-dependent Process with Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Control
Authors: ALAAEDDINE NADA , HILAL GEORGE , BADDOURA RAFFIC , ANTONIOU JOHN , Di BATTISTA JOHN A.
Published: July 2011

Objective.

To compare levels of the chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in donor, osteoarthritic (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium; and to determine the molecular mechanism of cellular activation induced by chemokine/receptor ligation in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).

Methods.

Synovia and isolated FLS from donor, OA, and RA joints were analyzed for CCL20 and CCR6 expression by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effect of CCL20 on cytokines and mediators of cartilage degradation was examined by PCR for mRNA expression levels and ELISA, and Western blotting for protein. CCL20-dependent transcriptional and posttranscriptional activation of target genes was monitored using reporter constructs and luciferase assays in transfected donor FLS.

Results.

CCL20 and CCR6 proteins were abundantly expressed in RA synovial lining cells compared to donor or OA synovia as judged by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR of synovial extracts confirmed the predominance of CCL20/CCR6 mRNA expression in RA synovium. CCL20 mRNA expression was low in donor FLS, but increased dramatically after stimulation with recombinant human (rh) interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß). rhCCL20 increased mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and the matrix-destructive metalloprotease MMP-3 in donor FLS cultures. High constitutive levels of IL-6 were released from RA synovia; CCL20-induced expression of IL-6 occurred through an NSAID/COXIB-sensitive process. CCL20-induced expression of COX-2 was mediated by a PLCP1/PKCα/MEK1/2/ERK1/2-dependent pathway involving both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.

Conclusion.

CCL20/CCR6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA by assembling the molecular and cellular components orchestrating synovitis.
Validation of the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument Version 2.0 for Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: BARON MURRAY , HUDSON MARIE , STEELE RUSSELL , LO ERNEST ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: July 2011

Objective.

The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium GI Tract Instrument (UCLA SCTC GITI) was recently developed to measure gastrointestinal tract disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our study assesses the internal consistency and validity of the instrument in a different population than was used in the original study.

Methods.

A sample of 113 consecutive patients with SSc from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) Registry completed the UCLA SCTC GITI, a self-administered questionnaire with 7 scales and an overall score. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and validity was determined by testing multiple constructs.

Results.

Our subjects were slightly older than the original cohort, and had less formal education and less diffuse cutaneous disease. The overall score of the instrument correlated well with the GI scale of the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondyloarthropathies (GI-S-HAQ; r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and the total number of GI symptoms (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Each subscale correlated well with the GI-S-HAQ. The individual scales and the overall score were able to differentiate between categorical groupings of the GI-S-HAQ. The scale scores differentiated well those patients with clinical involvement of the corresponding GI problem. Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, disease duration, sex, and ethnicity showed that the UCLA SCTC GITI had a significant association with both the physical component summary and the mental component summary of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 questionnaire.

Conclusion.

Our study confirms that the UCLA SCTC GITI version 2.0 will be a useful tool for assessing the role of GI involvement in SSc, even in a population with substantially different characteristics than the subjects originally tested.
High Serum Levels of CXCL11 in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Are Associated with Increased Circulating Levels of Interferon-γ
Authors: ANTONELLI ALESSANDRO , FERRI CLODOVEO , FERRARI SILVIA MARTINA , RUFFILLI ILARIA , COLACI MICHELE , FRASCERRA SILVIA , MICCOLI MARIO , FRANZONI FERDINANDO , GALETTA FABIO , FALLAHI POUPAK
Published: July 2011

Objective.

No study has evaluated circulating chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)11 in patients with “mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic hepatitis C infection” (MC+HCV). We measured CXCL11, and correlated this measurement to the clinical phenotype.

Methods.

Serum CXCL11, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed in 97 MC+HCV patients and in 97 sex- and age-matched controls.

Results.

MC+HCV patients showed significantly higher mean CXCL11 serum levels than controls (254 ± 295, 68 ± 16 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.0002; ANOVA). CXCL11 was significantly increased in 36 cryoglobulinemic patients with compared to those without active vasculitis (303 ± 208 vs 179 ± 62 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001; ANOVA). IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in MC+HCV than in controls [6.1 (range 0.8–114.5), 1.4 (range 0.7–2.4) pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test]. Serum TNF-α mean levels were significantly higher in MC+HCV than in controls [13.4 (range 1.8–369), 1.1 (range 0.7–3.2) pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney U test]. A multiple regression analysis considering CXCL11 as a dependent variable, and age, alanine aminotransferase, IFN-γ, and TNF-α as independent variables, showed in MC+HCV patients a significant association only with IFN-γ (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion.

Our study demonstrates markedly high serum levels of CXCL11 in patients with MC+HCV compared to healthy controls overall in the presence of active vasculitis. A strong relationship between circulating IFN-γ and CXCL11 was shown, strongly supporting the role of a T helper 1 immune response in the pathogenesis of MC+HCV.
Analyse critique d'une histoire des traitements statistiques des inégalités de destin
Authors: Combessie Jean-Claude
Published: July 2011

Résumé Jusque dans les années 1970, l’étude des chances d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, et de leur évolution dans le temps, privilégiait des mesures fondées sur une comparaison d’écarts statistiques. À cette « orthodoxie », en a succédé une autre qui s’attachait à des taux de variation et enfin, à partir des années 1980, une « orthodoxie logistique » reposant sur des rapports de chances ( odds ratio ). Cet article propose une histoire critique des traitements statistiques des inégalités de destin, en restituant les enjeux de la concurrence entre les méthodes. Il montre, par la mise en œuvre sur un même exemple, que les différentes méthodes peuvent conduire à des conclusions divergentes et que la succession des orthodoxies, apparemment gouvernée par des considérations techniques, n’est pas sans rapport avec les changements d’orientation des politiques nationales et internationales en matière d’éducation. L’ensemble de cette analyse conduit à porter un regard critique et réflexif sur l’autonomisation, au cours des trente dernières années, d’une sociologie statistique organisée autour de pratiques abstraites et sophistiquées.
The case of Lonchocarpus costaricensis (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), an endemic species of Costa Rica: a taxonomic-nomenclatural complex, and a new species
Authors: Zamora Nelson A.
Published: July 2011

Mixed collections, a lack of type specimen designation and strong morphological similarity between collections cited in the Derris costaricensis protologue has led to a very confused taxonomic and nomenclatural situation surrounding the species Lonchocarpus costaricensis (Donn. Sm.) Pittier; a detailed taxonomic study has revealed that a new species (Lonchocarpus felipei N. Zamora) here described, is involved. Also, the original lectotipification of Lonchocarpus macrocarpus Benth., is re-establish it here.
Sobre limites e fronteiras: a reprodutibilidade do estoque territorial para os fins da acumulação capitalista
Authors: Santos Cesar Ricardo Simoni
Published: July 2011

As palavras fronteira e limite, não raro, são empregadas como sinônimos, apesar da redução implicada nesse gesto. Mas não é difícil reconhecer que a primeira aparece mais frequentemente associada aos fenômenos espaciais enquanto a segunda parece estar mais próxima da indicação de fim ou esgotamento de qualquer natureza. É possível pensar numa relação entre elas, entretanto. No plano econômico, os limites da reprodução capitalista andam a par com a situação das fronteiras desse mesmo modo de produção. A dinâmica espacial do capitalismo é moldada de forma a, continuamente, ampliar seus próprios limites, internos e externos. A falta de possibilidades para a realização de novas inversões lucrativas vem em companhia da saturação dos espaços de investimentos. Nessas condições, atingido o limite provisório da reprodução naquele momento, novas fronteiras devem ser abertas. Na escassez de reservas territoriais não saturadas, normalmente de caráter não-capitalista, sobre as quais se pode avançar, os novos investimentos terão de disputar espaço entre seus pares. Nesse último caso, trata-se da abertura de fronteiras internas, meio pelo qual o avanço capitalista se opera num espaço já elaborado e ocupado pelos elementos e processos próprios da reprodução do capital. A expansão capitalista, desse modo, deverá se alimentar de um estoque de ativos desvalorizados deixados como resultado de alguma crise ou destruição de capital imposta por algum mecanismo que parte do interesse da fração restante em encontrar novos meios de valorização. Assim, temos claro que a reprodução do capital não exige necessariamente os territórios não-capitalistas ou os “mercados externos”, tal como pode imaginar Rosa Luxemburgo. Impondo a falência e processos de desvalorização para uma parte do capital em atividade, alguns capitalistas conseguem recriar as condições de investimentos no interior do mesmo espaço que já era habitado e modulado pelas práticas da valorização. Reiniciando aí um novo ciclo ascendente de acumulação capitalista.
Política, espaço e cultura: as ligações entre poder e religião
Authors: Claval Paul
Published: July 2011

Este trabalho dá prosseguimento à difusão e ao aprofundamento dos estudos relativos à dimensão espacial da cultura e, em especial, da religião. Ele analisa o cruzamento das dimensões espaciais das relações de poder e essas das crenças e as praticas religiosas e ideológicas
Production du sol urbain et vulnérabilité aux inondations : l’exemple de la cité Sidi Hcine Essijoumi en Tunisie
Authors: Dhaher Najem
Published: July 2011

La croissance des villes dans les pays du Sud démontre l’importance revêtue par l’appropriation et l’accès au sol urbain à travers des mécanismes de spéculation associés à une particularité du marché foncier urbain. L’un des problèmes majeurs de ces villes est l’incohérence entre la planification, l’implantation des équipements et le développement réel de l’occupation et de l’usage du sol. Cette situation a souvent généré un développement de la ville illégale. Ces problèmes et ces dysfonctionnements qui affectent la vie quotidienne des villes, sont le résultat, en grande partie, de la façon dont s’agencent et s’articulent dans l’espace la répartition des bâtis, des fonctions, des équipements et des populations générée par l’absence d’une politique rationnelle en matière de maîtrise foncière. Ce type de développement des villes provoque également une augmentation des surfaces imperméabilisées qui génèrent des risques d’inondations accrus. Mais les causes des inondations ne s’y limitent pas uniquement.
La diffusion du semis direct au Brésil, diversité des pratiques et logiques territoriales : l’exemple de la région d’Itaipu au Paraná
Authors: Laurent François , Leturcq Guillaume , Mello Ivo , Corbonnois Jeannine , Verdum Roberto
Published: July 2011

Le semis direct est un système de production fondé sur le non-travail du sol. Il intègre une série de pratiques agricoles qui permettent de protéger les sols cultivés de l’érosion, de réduire les consommations de carburants, voire d’augmenter les rendements. Le large succès du semis direct au Brésil, contribue à la compétitivité et à la forte croissance de ses productions tout en préservant les sols. Le système complet du semis direct sous couvert est fondé sur trois principes : le non-labour, la couverture permanente du sol et des rotations culturales. Sur le terrain, les pratiques sont variées et nombre d’agriculteurs n’appliquent pas les deux derniers principes. La technique est le plus souvent associée à l’emploi d’herbicides qui présentent des risques de pollution, encore peu appréhendés au Brésil. Le semis direct s’est implanté dans le Sud du pays dans les années 1970-1990. De là, le système, mis en œuvre par les gaúchos, s’est rapidement étendu dans d’autres régions, particulièrement dans le centre et le nord du pays. Dans ce travail, les pratiques du semis direct sont étudiées à deux échelles. La région du Paraná 3, située en bordure orientale du lac de barrage d’Itaipu, montre que la pratique du semis direct, adoptée par de nombreux agriculteurs intègre également la protection du barrage afin de limiter l’érosion et la pollution de l’eau. À l’échelle des exploitations, des entretiens avec trois producteurs du Paraná et du Rio Grande do Sul, réalisant du semis direct sous couvert, présentent les pratiques et les raisonnements qui leurs sont associés. Ces entretiens nous montrent que l’adoption d’un système d’agriculture de conservation repose sur une révision profonde du mode de production et sur l’appropriation des connaissances relatives aux processus naturels. Si le succès du semis direct s’appuie sur l’augmentation des gains économiques, ce sont ces approches systémiques qui conduisent à une plus grande durabilité dans le mode d’exploitation des sols.
Study on the Present Condition and it’S Key Technique to Prospect of the High Frequency Resonance Transform Using in Electrostatic Dust Separator
Authors: Gui Cun Bing , Guo Chen , Liu Yang
Published: July 2011

This text make a detailed introduction and comparative analysis on the type , the work mode, analysis and design method, and control method...etc of the high frequency resonance transform machine to the current electrostatic dust separator and at the same time it also make a tally up the problem that the key wants to work out.
The Design of High-Precision Pressure Transmitter Based on MSP430 Microcontroller
Authors: Li Qi , Bu Shao Zhi
Published: July 2011

We introduce the high smart pressure sensor’s hardware-circuit design based on Ultra-Low Power MSP430 MCU, the BP network algorithm in temperature compensation because of the pressure sensor’s temperature drift is analyzed, and the collected values of MPM280’s temperature and pressure signals with MCU are used in 4-layer BP network for offline training. We express the suited network module by C language program, and analyze the software-implemented method. The result shows that the MSP430 MCU can reduce system power and its rich exterior equipments can reduce the size of pressure sensor, the training of BP network by use of digital A/D value of MCU conversion reduces the error, the pressure sensor’s precision is improved by BP network, the precision is 0.1%.
Skin Detection Model Research Based on Image Enhancement
Authors: Yang Guo Liang , Cheng Zhi Lin , Zhang Li
Published: July 2011

Histogram element gradation distribution of the original image concentrates in the low gradation level, and after histogram equalization processed the image is bright and unconspicuous in details. In order to improve the situation, this paper presents an improved image enhancement algorithm .In the algorithm the original image is transformed by the conventional histogram equalization and mapped the histogram equalization processing image as far as possible within the scope of mapping. Then linear transform is used to enhance contrast and apply to mix skin complexion model to extract. Experiments prove that this method is better than double skin model detection at testing results, especially in the eyes and mouth.
Design of Master Platform of Half-Practicality Maintenance Training System Based on Bus-Mastering
Authors: Li Xiang Rong , Wang Guo Hui , Li Ting , Peng Rui Feng
Published: July 2011

Aming at some shortcomings of maintenance training on actual equipments, it developed half-practicality maintenance training system based on bus-mastering. Among the system, hardware sub-system and control software sub-system design and development of the master platform are key. Basic functions demand was analyzed, on the basis of which main technology indexes was designed. Control software sub-system was designed to include such four parts as control and demonstration, training check and evaluation, comprehensive training, signal flow control and display. Process design of each module of the four parts was implemented. This is significant to innovating equipments maintenance training manners and methods based on virtual reality and bus-mastering technology, and is significant to improving training effectiveness.
The Research of New Kind of Automatic Hydraulic Bar Binding Machine
Authors: Li Cheng Qun , Yang Chun Bin , Li Jian Gong
Published: July 2011

On the basis of the research on the domestic and foreign binding machine, this article describes a new model of binding machine. Its compact structure is easy to operate and maintain. solidworks software is applied for modeling. Based on the plc-300 cpu module control system, not only ensures the speed and reliability bunch, but also gives good man-machine interactions. Hydraulic system saves energy effectively. Hydraulic components are distributed in the surface of its structure and easy to check repair.
Immune Single Neuron Control of Level in Spherical Vessel
Authors: Zhang Ling , Chen Bei , Hu Shi Zhong
Published: July 2011

To solve the problem of nonlinear characteristics of spherical vessels, an immune single neuron PID controller (ISNPID) is proposed in this paper. The ISNPID controller combines the immune principle with single neuron PID, it can improve the learning rate and reduce the adjusting time of single neuron PID controller. The interim process of the spherical vessel system could also be optimized. Good control performance of nonlinear system could be realized according to the on-line self-adjusting gain by the ISNPID controller. Simulation result shows that ISNPID controller has strong adaptability and robustness. Efficiency and applicability of the ISNPID controller could be proved in practical application.
Application of Information Point Inspection System in the Modern Coal Preparation Plant
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Jin Long , Ren Rui Chen , Han Shu Ang
Published: July 2011

Device detection and diagnosis technology is one of the key technologies to guarantee safe, reliable and economical production, to achieve scientific management and to maximize efficiency of the equipment. Off-line diagnosis, which is also called point inspection, has been applied in most modern large-scale enterprises. According to the running state of the point inspection management system of Coal Washing and Processing in Shendong Mine Group Co…LTD, this paper mainly gives a brief introduction to information point inspection management system in modern coal preparation plant in terms of the architecture, implementation, characteristics and workflow of it, and offer the experience for other enterprises of our country to draw on.
Effects of Substrate Temperature on ZAO Thin Film Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Lu Feng , Xu Cheng Hai
Published: July 2011

The effects of substrate temperature on the resistivity and transmittance of ZAO thin films prepared by DC magnetron reactive sputtering have been investigated. The properties of the samples have been analyzed through Hall effect, X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results show that carrier concentration, Hall mobility and crystallinity of the films depend obviously on the deposition temperature. The film deposited at the range 200-250°C has lower resistivity and higher transmittance.
Application of Fuzzy Internal Model Control in Grinding System
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Xiao Qing
Published: July 2011

According to the complex characteristics of grinding process, a method of fuzzy internal model control (FIMC) is put forward. By adjusting the filter parameters t in internal model control on line, the problem that the control performance is poor in the condition of internal model mismatching, and through simulation, it shows that this method has short adjusting time, small overshoot, and also is feasible and effective.
Design a FIR Filter Using Window Function
Authors: Chen Min Ge
Published: July 2011

The paper presents an approach of designing FIR filter using window function. The method proposed is simulated in MATLAB. The simulated results show that the approach of designing FIR filter presented can meet the design requirements illustrated, and it has a higher efficiency compared to traditional methods. The major advantage of the designing processing is easy to be deployed in applications. The approach presented can be used in project design, or as a model taught in educational institute.
Application of Field Modulation Magnetic Gear on Electric Power Steering System
Authors: Li Cheng Qun , Bai Si Si , Liu Zhi Cun
Published: July 2011

Introducing the structure components and work principle of electric power steering system, analyzing the flaw of the used structure. In order to solve this problem, it proposed a novel transmission equipment—magnetic field modulation magnetic gear which can be used on the electric power steering system. Utilizing resolution to analysis the principle of magnetic field modulation magnetic gear, meanwhile, expounding the feasibility of its use on the electric power steering system.
A Novel Simulation Model to Measure the Performance of Network Traffic Utilization in Heterogeneous Network Environment
Authors: Gu Lch , Ni Zhw , Wu Zhj
Published: July 2011

This paper present a new method for the forecasting of network traffic in heterogeneous environment. This research investigates performance evaluation of network interface port on heterogeneous services and technologies environment. We propose an enhanced equation to evaluate the performance of network interface port via Little Law and Queuing theories to improve the evaluation algorithm. To get accuracy results on the performance of simulation model, we measure (verify and validate) data from lab experiment and real network environment. We use network management tool to capture those data and Fluke Optiview device to generate traffic. As a result, this simulation model can provide a good approximation of the real traffic observed in the real network environment. The experimental results indicate that the present method is capable of approximating the performance of network traffic over heterogeneous services and techniques within a minimum error range.
The Research on the Framework of Cyber-Physical Systems for the Reliable Sensing and Optimization Scheduling
Authors: Lun Yong Liang , Cheng Liang Lun
Published: July 2011

CPS is characterized by the tight integration of physical world and cyber world. Based on the brief introduction of the CPS and the research of its framework, we purpose a novel framework of the CPS aiming on the reliable sensing and optimization scheduling. The framework has five layers which are access layer, apperceive layer, networks layer, data processing layer and services layer. We make the introduction and analysis of each layer and point out the further research directions of them.
Ladder Routing: a Reactive Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Data Transmission in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Jun Hu , Shao Feng Jing
Published: July 2011

Applications built upon mobile wireless sensor networks demand multi-hop data transmission between the sink node and any other far-away nodes. It's always not a good idea to broadcast the whole network for finding the best path to a specified far-away node because the broadcasting for route discovery consume too much amount of message exchanging between adjacent nodes in the network. In this paper, we propose a reactive source routing protocol, ladder routing, for finding the best path between the sink node and a specified node through a unicast kind of message exchanging. Ladder routing is implemented on each node in a parallel and distributed manner, which can help unicast route discovery message or data between the sink node and any other specified node along the best up-to-date path without introducing too much message consumption and time delay for route discovery and maintenance on demand.
Numerical Simulation and Technology Research on the Precision Forging for M93 Guide Cylinder
Authors: Li Liang
Published: July 2011

Based on building the 3-D elastoplastic FEA model on the M93 guide cylinder and its mould, the process of cold extrusion was simulated by the numerical simulation analysis. The varying rules of extruding forces, velocity, stress as well as metal fluent regulation were obtained. The results of simulation agreed with the practice. This research played a guiding role on the simulation of the cold extrusion and the design of the die set.
Medical Image Feature Matching Based on Wavelet Transform and SIFT Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yan Wei , Yu Hui Li
Published: July 2011

A feature matching algorithm based on wavelet transform and SIFT is proposed in this paper, Firstly, Biorthogonal wavelet transforms algorithm is used for medical image to delaminating, and restoration the processed image. Then the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) applied in this paper to abstracting key point. Experimental results show that our algorithm compares favorably in high-compressive ratio, the rapid matching speed and low storage of the image, especially for the tilt and rotation conditions.
Research on the Method of Quality Detection of Duck Egg Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Wang Ye Qin , Chen Ya Juan , Yang Yan
Published: July 2011

In order to achieve the intelligence quality detection of duck eggs, the method of weight and yolk color detection of duck eggs based on computer vision was presented. First, based on the maximum entropy principle, the two-dimensional threshold segmentation and mathematical morphology processing were done. Secondly, the relationship between the duck eggs image areas and the weights was established by using polynomial fitting method, and the experiment showed that the detection errors were within ± 2g and the average error was minus 0.13353g. Finally, by using the method of integration of color components, the yolk color feature matrix was constructed, the color moment parameters were extracted from feature matrix and the BP network classifier was designed for classification detection of yolk color. Simultaneously, the overall recognition rate of classifier arrived at 94.30%, indicating that the method is effective.