bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Wheat Genotypes as Sources of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria for Bioprecipitation Aerosols
Authors: Moukahel Abd-Alrahman , Asaad Siham , Debbes Bakri , Morris Cindy E. , Sands David C.
Published: May 2020

As water resources become more and more scarce, production of crops under dry land conditions brings agriculture into potential conflict with other uses of water. There is an emerging awareness that the orientation of the goals of plant breeding can be shifted to create crops that can offset the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment in order to make agriculture more sustainable. Here we have explored the possibility to select lines of wheat, the crop that occupies more land than any individual crop, that contribute to the bioprecipitation cycle. In this cycle the ice nucleation (IN) active component of the microflora on leaves contributes to the ice nuclei in the atmosphere that activate processes in clouds necessary for rainfall. In line with this long term goal, we have deter-mined the capacity of breeding lines of wheat, adapted to dry land conditions, to harbor IN active bacteria.  In particular, we focused on Pseudomonas syringae, the most ubiquitous of the IN active bacteria on plants.  Because strains of this bacterium can be a plant pathogen, we evaluated the abundance of non-pathogenic IN active strains of P. syringae on a range of wheat genotypes from the research program of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Of the 25 genotypes of bread wheat examined, leaves of 12 genotypes naturally harbored P. syringae in the field.  Eight of these genotypes harbored populations of IN active P. syringae with an impaired Type 3 Secretion System (involved in pathogenicity) as high as 4 x 105 105 CFU g-1 of leaf tissue. Three of these 8 wheat genotypes harbored IN active P. syringae that were not virulent on either bread or durum wheat and for 1 of these wheat genotypes the strains of IN active P. syringae were virulent on only 1 of the 13 plant species on which pathogenicity was tested. For the wheat geno-types that had P. syringae on leaves in the field, bacteria were naturally transmitted to seed but dur-ing seed storage the bacterium could be detected on only half of the genotypes after 3 months of storage. To explore the possibility of enhancing the IN active microflora on leaves, we assessed the capacity of bacteria inoculated on seed to be transmitted to seed.  The effectiveness of the trans-mission depended on an interaction of wheat genotype and bacterial strain. Overall, this work points to the possibility of selecting plants with the goal of changing their microflora for purposes other than resistance to plant disease and in this case for the purpose of contributing to processes that could favor rainfall.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis to Determine the Genetic Variability among Virulent and Less Virulent Isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani Isolated from Infected Cotton Seedlings
Authors: Abdelmagid Ahmed , Amein Abdel-Moneim , Hassan Mohamed , Hares Hamdy E.
Published: May 2020

Root-rot of cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important diseases in Upper Egypt. Isolation has been done from diseased cotton roots and seeds which were collected from 11 counties in Assiut province, Egypt. Identification procedures of the isolated fungi confirmed that the isolated fungi were for Fusarium solani, F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Thirty six isolates of Fusarium spp. and 10 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were tested for their pathogenicity on both Giza 80 and Giza 83 cotton seedlings to verify their virulence on seedlings. The pathogenicity test results have grouped the Fusarium spp. isolates into three groups; highly virulent that caused 91-100% mortalities; moderately virulent that caused 81-90% mortalities and low virulent that caused lower than 81.0%  mortalities. Data also shows that, in general Giza 80 cotton cultivar was more susceptible for infection with Fusarium spp. when compared with Giza 83 cotton cultivar. In case of Rhizoctonia solani, data revealed that the infection percentage was significantly affected by isolates while cotton cultivars had no significant influence on infection. Four 10-mer primers (1:6-d, 2:6-d, 4:6-d and 5:6-d) were used in RAPD-PCR to determine the genetic variability between six isolates, one virulent and one less virulent, of F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and F. solani. Our results showed that the primer 2:6-d clearly separated F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and F. solani and proved to be quite powerful in distinguishing the three different species and isolates of Fusarium spp.
Screening for Antagonistic Tropical Fungi against Selected Maize and Bean Pathogens
Authors: Hassan Khadija N. , Matasyoh Josphat C. , Stadler Marc
Published: May 2020

Phytopathogens are known to be the leading cause of important plant diseases which result in significant losses in agricultural crops. The need to maintain the level of yield both quantitatively and qualitatively is vital in order to curb the losses. So far there has been a positive advance recognized in research to the use of tropical fungi as biocontrol agents. The objective of this study was to screen for antagonistic tropical fungi against selected phytopathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) namely Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro. A total of 87 tropical fungi isolates were collected from Kakamega tropical rainforest, Kenya. Dual culture experiment was carried out to screen the tropical fungi against the selected phytopathogens. The bioassay was performed in a completely randomised design in triplicate and the inhibition zones recorded after every week for three weeks. Differential biocontrol ability among nine tropical fungi was noticed against F. moniliforme with the percentage inhibition increasing over time. Fusarium solani was the most active antagonist with an inhibition of 64% while Phaeomarasmius sp. had the lowest activity of 19.1% against F. moniliforme. Epicoccum sp. inhibited the mycelial growth of P. ultimum by 38% and also inhibited C. lindemuthianum by 58%. None of the fungal antagonists inhibited the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. The outcome of this study indicates that tropical fungi can be used as biocontrol agents and can be further explored and developed into effective fungicides for management of phytopathogens.
Nematodes and Soil Health Indicators
Authors: Tiwari Suresh P.
Published: May 2020

Understanding soil health impacts in relation to climate change is possible through the use of indicators which relate soil physical, chemical and biological. Major soil health indicators are governed by climate change. Selection of indicators within a minimum data depends on their sensitivity to management and climate changes, capacity to integrate and relate to other soil functions, ease of use, repeatability and cost of measurement. In this paper impact of soil health indicators including drivers for climate change; Carbon dioxide, nitrogen deposition, temperature, rainfall, soil structure, bulk density, rooting depth, soil surface cover, soil pH, electrical conductivity, available nutrients to plants, soil organic matter, soil carbon, potentially mineralisable Carbon and Nitrogen, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities, genetic and functional biodiversity of soils on nematodes and selection of soil health key indicators are briefly discussed.
Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi on Plantation Forests of North and North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Darge Wendu A.
Published: May 2020

Forest plantations in Ethiopia are mainly exotic genera of Eucalyptus, Cupressus, Casuarina, Pinus and native Juniperus species. Plantations species have suffered at varying degrees of attack by disease causing agents, particularly Amhara region is among regions with plantation forests that have in recent years been subjected to attack by diseases in Ethiopia. Plantation trees in commercial stands, farmlands and woodlots were surveyed for diseases symptoms in 20 selected areas of Amhara and Tigray from May to June 2016.Leaf blight, leaf spot, tip blight and stem canker were the most common symptoms appeared during the survey period with leaf spot and stem canker the most prevalent. Tree samples showing clear disease symptoms were collected, surface sterilized, cultured and morphologically characterized for pathogen identification.  A total of 42 isolates of fungi colonies were identified from samples collected of 20 localities. Morphological characterization of fungal isolates reveals, six fungal genera belonging to Alternaria, Dioplodia, Pestalotiopsis, Curvularia, Phoma, and Penicillium were the cause of the symptoms of the symptoms of the observed disease. Among the isolates 14 (33.3%) were Alternaria species, 15(37.7%) were Phoma species, and the remaining 13 isolates were Diplodia3(7.2%), Pestalopsis7(16.7%), Curvularia2(4.7%) and Penicillium1 (2. 4%).Based on the findings of the study Phoma lingam, Phoma glomerata, Alternaria alternata, genera of Curvularia, Pestalotiopsis, Penicillium, and Diplodia were found to be the cause of diseases of the tree plantations. Phoma and Alternaria species were the most prevalent isolates, showing a majority of symptoms observed on plantations were due to their co-infection. The pathogenicity test result of the research also confirms fungal isolates were the cause of the symptoms of the disease observed. The findings of this research enable to study and design appropriate management options for the future prevention and control of the diseases especially when there is prolonged environmental stress in the country.
PENENTUAN FREKUENSI PRIBADI BALOK KANTILEVER PADA DIMENSI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Endriatno Nanang
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan frekuensi pribadi (wn) dan kekakuan (k) balok aluminium kantilever dengan variasi panjang dan ketebalan balok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode elemen hingga, balok aluminium yang ditumpu kantilever dibagi menjadi lima elemen dengan berbagai ukuran,  lebar balok 5 cm, variasi panjang 25 cm, 50 cm, dan 75 cm, variasi ketebalan 0,25 cm, 0,5 cm, dan 0,75 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa poisisi elemen, panjang dan ketebalan balok berpengaruh besar terhadap nilai frekuensi pribadi (wn), kekakuan (k).  Nilai frekuensi pribadi berubah pada setiap dimensi balok aluminium dengan nilai maksimum 42746 rad/s untuk balok P = 0,25 m (panjang minimum) dan T = 0,075 m (tebal maksimum) pada posisi nodal 1 (dekat tumpuan). Nilai minimum frekuensi pribadi pada 178.1 rad/s untuk balok P = 0,75 m (panjang maksimum), T = 0,0025 m (tebal minimum) pada posisi nodal 5 (ujung balok). Nilai kekakuan balok memiliki kecenderungan yang sama dengan frekuensi pribadi dengan nilai tertinggi  yaitu 92502 x 103 kg/m dan nilai terendah 1610 kg/m. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tebal balok dan pendek balok maka nilai frekuensi pribadi dan kekakuan meningkat.  Posisi elemen dekat tumpuan kantilever juga memiliki frekuensi pribadi dan kekakuan tinggi jika dibandingkan posisi yang jauh dari tumpuan.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Peniris Minyak
Authors: Irdam Irdam , Setiawan Dani , Irmayanti Ade , Aditya Aditya
Published: May 2020

Penirisan minyak pada makanan gorengan secara manual dipandang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun sebuah prototipe mesin peniris minyak dengan sistem rotari yang memanfaatkan gaya sentrifugal yang mampu melakukan penirisan minyak secara lebih cepat dengan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cara manual. Kelebihan rancangan mesin peniris minyak dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam hal portabilitas dan kemudahan untuk membersihkan tabung peniris karena dapat dibongkar pasang. Tahapan pembuatan mesin ini terdiri atas tahap perancangan, manufaktur, perakitan dan pengujian mesin. Mesin dirancang dan dibangun dengan spesifikasi: tinggi 1155 mm, panjang 945 mm, dan lebar 600 mm. Hasil uji coba penirisan keripik dan kacang goreng menunjukkan bahwa penirisan menggunakan mesin peniris minyak terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan penirisan secara manual. Penirisan keripik menggunakan mesin dengan kecepatan putaran 500 rpm selama 1 menit menghasilkan pengurangan massa sebesar 4,5%, sedangkan penirisan manual hanya menghasilkan pengurangan massa sebesar 1,8%. Penirisan kacang goreng menggunakan mesin selama 1 menit menghasilkan pengurangan massa sebesar 0,91%, sedangkan penirisan manual hanya menghasilkan pengurangan massa sebesar 0,45%. Untuk kacang goreng dibutuhkan waktu 5 menit agar diperoleh pengurangan massa sebesar 1,8%.
ANALISIS SISTEM HEAT RACE NET PLANT (NPHR) DI NII TANASA PADA PEMBANGKIT TENAGA UAP DENGAN KAPASITAS 2 x 10 MW
Authors: Kadir Kadir , Hasanudin La , Imran Al Ichlas , Lolok Agustinus , Aminur Aminur , Salimin Salimin , Gunawan Yuspian , Kadir Abd , Syah Citra Yusnidar
Published: May 2020

Net heat plant race (NPHR) adalah jumlah energi input yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dari pembangkit, semakin tinggi nilai NPHR, semakin rendah efisiensi termal pembangkit listrik tenaga uap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai perlombaan panas pembangkit listrik netto (NPHR) dari pembangkit listrik tenaga uap. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode Direct(Langsung), yaitu bahan bakar akan dibandingkan langsung dengan energi output yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Net Race Heat Value (NPHR) Nilai rata-rata 4.986,87 kkal / kWh pada Januari 2018 dan nilai rata-rata 5.080,40 kkal / kWh pada Juni 2018. Ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai tersebut relatif tinggi untuk kapasitas daya ≤ 100 MW .
EFEK PENINGKATAN BILANGAN REYNOLD TERHADAP KOEFISIEN KERUGIAN PADA ALIRAN PERCABANGAN
Authors: Salimin Salimin
Published: May 2020

Aliran pada percabangan adalah satu proses tak mampu balik di mana di dalam aplikasi teknis akan menurunkan kemampuan kerja sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui seberapa besar aliran percabangan dengan mengukur koefiseien kerugian yang terjadi . Bentuk penelitian yang diguankan adalah menggunakan 2 macam diameter pipa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran percabangan : koefisien kerugian ktot(12,7 mm) = 2.176-0.164),ktot (19.1mm) = 2.836-0.515  total kerugian head  hTot (12,7mm = (1.08-0.396)mH2O. htot(19.1mm) = ( 0.934-0.404)mH2O.
SISTEM PEMBANGKIT TENAGA SURYA SEBAGAI PENGGANTI DAYA LISTRIK PADA PERUMAHAN BTN ANAWAI KENDARI
Authors: Mansur Mansur
Published: May 2020

Kinerja sistem listrik tenaga surya dapat tergantung pada kapasitas modul yang terpasang. Semakin besar modul, maka energi listrik yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar karena semakin banyak energi radiasi matahari yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kebutuhan energi listrik dan menentukan kapasitas modul yang digunakan pada skala rumah tangga di BTN Anawai Kendari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan perhitungan matematika dan eksperimen pada sebuah rumah yang dilengkapi dengan modul surya di BTN Anawai Kendari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebutuhan listrik untuk rumah adalah  sekitar  2053 Watt-Jam per hari. Jumlah modul yang harus disediakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik ini bervariasi, tergantung dari kapasitas setiap modul modul. Untuk kapasitas 50 Wp (Watt-Peak), jumlah modul yang dibutuhkan adalah 8 buah, untuk kapasitas 80 Wp jumlah modul yang dibutuhkan adalah 5 buah, sedangkan untuk kapasitas 100 Wp, jumlah modul yang dibutuhkan adalah 4 buah.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN HARDENER DENGAN RESIN POLYESTER TERHADAP KUAT TARIK DAN BENDING POLIMER TERMOSET
Authors: Maliku La , Gunawan Yuspian , Aminur Aminur
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi campuran yang ideal dalam proses pembuatan polyester pada polimer termoset, di mana komposisi campuran ini akan memiliki kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan bending yang  tinggi. Polimer termoset ini dibuat dengan mencampurkan resin polyester dengan dengan hardener yang bervariasi antara 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, dan 9 %. Resin polyester yang telah dicampur dengan hardener dituang ke dalam cetakan. Setelah mengering, polimer ini dimasukan ke dalam oven untuk dipanaskan sampai suhu 800C. Setelah dingin kembali, dibuat spesimen uji tarik dan uji bending. Pengujian tarik dilakukan dengan  menggunakan standar ASTM D 638-02 tipe 4, dan pengujian bending dilakukan dangan standar ASTM D709-02 tipe 4. Hasil pengujian menunjukan kekuatan tarik dan bending maksimum pada komposisi campuran 99 % : 1 % dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 57,43 N/mm2 dan 91,826 N/mm2.
TREE AS PASSIVE COOLING, AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDING IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, A TROPICAL REGION
Authors: Rachman Aditya
Published: May 2020

Reducing the role of the conventional cooling machines into the building to make the thermal comfort is so imperative as their massive energy consumption and their contribution to the global climate change. Shifting into less energy consumed cooling methods using the locally available vegetative sources as passive cooling, can be one of the appropriate methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of trees to the thermal comfort performance in a building in Southeast Sulawesi, a region, geographically, located in the equator line with its high daily solar radiation intensity. It conducts an experiment on a small scale building with various tree configurations. The result shows that the trees provide the effect of lowering temperature and maintaining the relative humidity of air, contributing into making the thermal comfort-ability in the building. A comprehensive discussion, using the Psychometric chart, regarding to the reason for the phenomenon is also presented in this paper.
PENGARUH POLA ANYAMAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN BENDING KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT SERAT BAMBU
Authors: Kadir Abd , Aminur Aminur , Aminur Marzan
Published: May 2020

Komposit serat bambu merupakan salah satu komposit serat alam. Untuk mendapatkan kekuatan komposit maksimal maka serat dapat dibuat dalam bentuk anyaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola anyaman terhadap kekuatan tarik dan bending komposit berpenguat serat bambu. Bahan yang digunakan adalah serat bambu apus dan bahan matrik adalah ressin polyester dan pola anyaman adalah plain, twill dan random. Pengujian spesimen berdasarkan standar ASTM D 638-01 untuk uji tarik dan standar ASTM D 790-02 untuk uji bending. Hasil pengujian menunjukan nilai uji tarik tertinggi terdapat pada komposit dengan anyaman plain ( 20,234 N/mm2), sedangkan nilai kekuatan tarik terendah terdapat pada komposit dengan anyaman random (3,451 N/mm2). Pada pengujian bending, nilai kekuatan bending tertinggi terdapat pada anyaman plain (41,707 N/mm2), sedangkan nilai kekuatan bending terendah terdapat pada anyaman random (15,061 N/mm2).
Pengujian Material Batu Gunung Amonggedo sebagai Bahan Lapis Pondasi Atas (Base Course) pada Kontruksi Jalan Raya
Authors: Ningsih Wirdha , Sukri Ahmad Syarif
Published: May 2020

Salah satu sumber material bangunan di Sulawesi Tenggara yang cukup potensial dan layak  untuk digunakan  adalah batu gunung Amangodo, di Kecamatan Pondidaha Kabupaten Konawe. Lokasi tersebut telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitarnya untuk keperluan bangunan sipil, sedangkan pemeriksaan mutu agregat khususnya sebagai bahan perkerasan belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah batu gunung Amonggedo memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi lapis pondasi agregat kelas A (Base course) pada konstruksi jalan raya. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemeriksaan dan pengujian karakteristik agregat yang dilakukan di laboratorium pengujian dan konstruksi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa material Desa Amonggedo Kecamatan Pondidaha layak dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lapis pondasi agregat kelas A seperti yang disyaratkan dalam spesifikasi lapis pondasi kelas A buku 3 spesifikasi Bina Marga.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF GAS ENGINE, CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF DIESELS D-120 OR D-144 ENGINES TO WORK FOR ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
Authors: Kovalov Serhii
Published: May 2020

The expediency of using vehicles of liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel, as com-pared with traditional liquid motor fuels, in particular with diesel fuel, is shown. The advantages of converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition with respect to conversion into gas diesel engines are substantiated. The analysis of methods for reducing the compression ratio in diesel engines when converting them into gas ICEs with forced ignition has been carried out. It is shown that for converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition, it is advisable to use the Otto thermo-dynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. The choice is grounded and an open combustion chamber in the form of an inverted axisymmetric “truncated cone” is developed. The proposed shape of the combustion chamber of a gas internal combustion engine for operation in the LPG reduces the geometric compression ratio of D-120 and D-144 diesel engines with an unseparated spherical combustion chamber, which reduces the geometric compression ratio from ε = 16,5 to ε = 9,4. The developed form of the combustion chamber allows the new diesel pistons or diesel pistons which are in operation to be in operation to be refined, instead of making special new gas pistons and to reduce the geometric compression ratio of diesel engines only by increasing the combustion chamber volume in the piston. This method of reducing the geometric degree of compression using conventional lathes is the most technologically advanced and cheap, as well as the least time consuming.
Keywords: self-propelled chassis SSh-2540, wheeled tractors, diesel engines D-120 and D-144, gas engine with forced ignition, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compression ratio of the internal com-bustion engine, vehicles operating in the LPG.
QUALITY CONTROL OF HORIZONTAL ROAD MARKING APPLICATION DURING CERTIFICATION OF MARKING MACHINES
Authors: Hostev Yuriy , Rumiantsev Lev , Kostrulova Tetyana
Published: May 2020

Horizontal road marking along with road signs is an essential factor that ensures road safety. The quality of road markings largely depends on the quality of the application. In today’s, for road marking are used road marking machines. They are complex high-performance automated units requiring highly professional operators. Stink to classify for the way of marking, design of the running gear, base machine, type of drive, productivity and the most important signs. The article describes the principles of the operation of marking machines and the main technical characteristics of machines from leading manufacturers: GRACO, SТiM, Hofmann. When applying road marking, special attention should be paid to the use of certified materials and certified equipment. The results of measuring the geometric and lighting indicators of horizontal road marking are presented. During certification, marking is applied with a marking machine. During the application, the thickness of the liquid paint layer is determined by a calibrated comb. To control the lighting technical characteristics of road marking – whiteness, retroreflectivity (Rl) and brightness (Qd) coefficients, a ZRM 1021 reflectometer and a ZRM 1013 retroreflectometer are used. Geometric indicators were measured with a tape measure.
The table of certification results of the Line Lazer IV 3900 machine is shown. Similar indicators were obtained during certification of the machines of Hofmann, Combizet Gruen, RoadLazer, etc. Deviations from the road marking indicators declared by the manufacturer are not observed for 3 years. All marking performed by verified marking machines meets the requirements of current regulations.
Keywords: certification of machines, durability of marking, retroreflectivity, accuracy of application, brightness.
CREDO RADON UA – INFORMATION MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF ROAD CONSTRACTION
Authors: Karedin Volodymyr , Pavlenko Nadiya
Published: May 2020

CREDO RADON UA software provides an automated calculation of the strength of the pavement structures of non-rigid and rigid types, as well as the calculation of the strengthening of existing structures. In the article, one can see the main features and functionality of the CREDO RADON UA software, the main points in the calculations according to the new regulations.
Information support of the design process includes necessary databases, informational and helping materials that make up the full support of the pavement design process.
The concept of CREDO RADON UA 1.0 software is made on the use of elasticity theory methods in calculations of initial information models of pavements.
Performing optimization calculations, the roadwear in CREDO RADON UA is designed in such a way that no unacceptable residual deformation occurs under the influence of short-term dynamic or static loading in the working layer of the earth bed and in the structural layers during the lifetime of the structure.
The calculation algorithms were made in accordance with the current regulatory documents of Ukraine. CREDO RADON UA software allows user to create information bases on road construction materials and vehicles as part of the traffic flow for calculations.
The presented system of automated modeling makes it easier for the customer to control the quality of design solutions, to reasonably assign designs to layers of reinforcement, to quickly make comparisons of calculations of different designs for the optimal use of allocated funds.
Prospects for further improvement of the program should be the results of theoretical and experimental studies on filling the databases, which are used as information support for automated design of road structures.
Keywords: CREDO RADON UA, road, computer-aided design, repair project, road pavement, strengthening, construction, rigid pavement, elasticity module, a transport stream, calculation method, information support, dynamic or static loading.
Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review
Authors: Gbinigie Kome , Frie Kerstin
Published: May 2020

Background

There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim.

Aim

To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19.

Design & setting

A rapid review of the literature was conducted.

Method

Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group.

Results

Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone.

Conclusion

There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area.
Funções e funcionamentos da leitura em estudos apresentados no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC) de 2011 a 2017
Authors: Almeida Maria José P. M. de , Brugliato Érica Talita
Published: May 2020

Apontamos como objetivo deste estudo contribuir para a compreensão de como, em pesquisas apresentadas nos Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPECs), de 2011 a 2017, aquelas sobre leitura focalizaram a função e o funcionamento dessa atividade. Tomamos como principal apoio teórico alguns princípios e noções da Análise do Discurso, principalmente a partir de textos de Eni Orlandi, e como corpus do estudo investigações sobre leitura realizadas em situações de ensino formal e apresentadas nas quatro últimas edições do ENPEC. Concluímos apontando para a importância de que, nas pesquisas da área de Ensino de Ciências, sejam divulgados os processos seguidos ao desenvolvê-las, tanto os considerados positivos quanto aqueles que não contribuíram para que seus autores chegassem ao que esperavam.
A literatura como recurso pedagógico para o ensino de filosofia e sociologia: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Amaral Jonathan Henriques do , Adams Adair
Published: May 2020

Relatamos uma experiência de trabalho com textos literários para a abordagem de conceitos de Filosofia e Sociologia, em turmas de Ensino Médio. Iniciamos a discussão justificando nossa proposta, com base no argumento de que a escola deve possibilitar o contato com formas de conhecimento que não são facilmente acessadas no cotidiano, para propiciar aos alunos a ampliação de suas visões de mundo. A seguir, detalhamos a metodologia utilizada na proposta, apresentando a pertinência das obras literárias escolhidas para a compreensão dos conteúdos trabalhados em ambas as disciplinas. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados de um levantamento feito com os alunos após a realização do trabalho, com o intuito de obter subsídios para a avaliação de nossa atividade. Concluímos que o trabalho teve um impacto positivo no incentivo à leitura entre os alunos, na compreensão dos conceitos abordados e na aquisição de capital cultural.
Ensino da compreensão leitora na prática pedagógica de professores do ensino fundamental
Authors: Braz Elaine Doroteia Hellwig , Guimarães Sandra Regina Kirchner
Published: May 2020

A aprendizagem da leitura é um processo complexo que requer a instalação de diversas habilidades linguístico-cognitivas, que depende de ensino explícito. Este estudo analisa os dados coletados na observação de práticas pedagógicas para o ensino da compreensão da leitura adotadas por professoras de 3.º e 4.º ano do ensino fundamental, em uma escola municipal de Curitiba-PR. Como instrumento para coleta/registro das informações foi utilizada uma pauta de observação contendo 33 itens, organizada para registrar as estratégias didáticas utilizadas pelas professoras antes, durante e depois da leitura de texto. Verificou-se que a maior parte das estratégias de ensino são realizadas após a leitura e que, normalmente, essas atividades são voltadas para a compreensão literal das informações veiculadas pelos textos. Conclui-se pela necessidade de aprimoramento do ensino da compreensão leitora, o qual deve focalizar a capacidade de o leitor reorganizar as informações do texto e alcançar uma compreensão inferencial e crítica.
Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Network with Ultrahigh Ion Conductivity and Excellent Stability for Alkaline Fuel Cell
Authors: Zeng Lingping , He Qian , Liao Yunchuan , Kuang Shangyi , Wang Jianchuan , Ding Wei , Liao Qiang , Wei Zidong
Published: May 2020

A high-performance anion exchange membrane (AEM) is critical for the development of alkaline fuel cell. In this work, AEMs with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) are synthesized. An electron microscope clearly reveals a highly efficient “ion channel” network, which is constructed with a small amount of cation exchange groups. This specially designed ion channel leads to extraordinary hydroxide conductivity (e.g., 257.8 mS cm
-1
at 80 °C) of IPN AEMs at moderate ion exchange capacity (

IEC
=
1.75
 
mmol
 

g

−
1

), as well as excellent long-term alkaline stability at harsh condition which showed that 81% of original conductivity can be retained after a long time for 1248 hours. Moreover, a remarkable peak power density of 1.20 W cm
-2
(0.1 MPa backpressure) with nonprecious metal (FeNx-CNTs) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in a fuel cell test was achieved. This work offers a general strategy to prepare high-performance AEMs based on IPN structure design.
Умови занепаду системи освіти в дискурсі життєвого циклу індустріальної цивілізації
Authors: Zinkevych Vasyl
Published: May 2020

У статті аналізуються умови занепаду системи індустріальної освіти, що почався у 70-ті роки ХХ ст. і продовжується донині. Умови визначаються як сукупність факторів зовнішнього середовища, що впливають на саморозгортання системи індустріальної освіти. До них віднесено: «дух епохи», філософію, наукову картину світу, світогляд, ідеологію. «Дух епохи» на початку ХХІ ст. набув хаотичного стану. Це сталося внаслідок того, що індустріальна культура, яка розбудована на основі двох протилежних ідеологій: ліберальної і комуністичної, злились у «суперідеологію» технократизму. Філософія сучасного етапу свідчить про те, що світова спільнота знаходиться у стані пошуку мейнстриму соціального розвитку. Етап занепаду переконав інтелектуальні еліти в тому, що постмодерністський підхід себе не виправдовує, оскільки світова спільнота «звалилась» у глибоку кризу. На зміну постмодернізму прийшов так званий постпостмодернізм, як течія, що не лише відмовляється від інтертекстуальності, а й переходить на якісно новий рівень відтворення перцептивних і культурних пластів інформації, в яких віртуальна реальність займає одне з ключових місць і поняття гіперреальність є одним з базових. Зазначається, що введення в навчальний процес курсів із соціальної філософії і філософії освіти дещо компенсувало філософсько-світоглядний і ідеологічний вакуум, що утворився після відмови вітчизняних освітян від циклу навчальних дисциплін марксистсько-ленінського спрямування. Зміни в сучасній постнеокласичній картині світу призводять до знищення орієнтацій на лінійну однозначність і тотальну заданість сюжетів наступного розвитку. У постнеокласичній картині світу невпорядкованість, безструктурність, хаотичність визнані об’єктивними, універсальними характеристиками дійсності. На поверхню світоглядного олімпу після загального і агресивного мілітаризму виступив нігілізм і цинізм, що остаточно поховав гуманізм як концепт і смисл, придатний спасти людину від самої себе. Ідеологією етапу занепаду є мультикультуралізм. Оскільки ні філософія, ні наука не змогли своєчасно дати відповідь на питання, що відбулося з планетарним світом і як виходити з тотальної кризи соціального розвитку, то еліти індустріальних суспільств, з одного боку, у теоретичній площині визнали, що світ вступив у постіндустріальну епоху, а з іншого – на практиці, інтуїтивно схилилися до «тихого» виходу з кризи на основі ідеології мультикультуралізму. Вона виникла на основі злиття течій неолібералізму, неоконсерватизму, соціал-демократизму та ін.; спостерігається, як традиційна форма індустріальної освіти на європейському континенті змінюється на мультикультурну освіту, а загалом рухається від «мультикультурної» до «міжкультурної» освіти. Це принципово інший алгоритм функціонування системи індустріальної освіти на етапі її сходження з планетарної арени.
Управление технологическими процессами на водозаборах г. Новокузнецка
Authors: Dobrynina N. , Karkanitsa O.
Published: May 2020

За последние годы на действующих водозаборах г. Новокузнецка реализован комплекс мероприятий с использованием современного оборудования и технологий, позволивших значительно повысить надежность и эффективность работы системы водоснабжения. Отмечено, что для достижения максимальной эффективности работы водоочистных станций необходимо постоянно совершенствовать технологию очистки воды. Самым приемлемым и экономичным решением этой задачи является исследовательская работа в технологической лаборатории Драгунского цеха водоснабжения. Изучены фильтрационные свойства материалов (керамзит, горелые породы, альбитофир, кварцит и др.), что позволило выбрать вид фильтрующего материала и определить его оптимальный фракционный состав для загрузки фильтров на водоочистных станциях. Определены наиболее эффективные реагенты для очистки воды источника водоснабжения города реки Томи. Это коагулянт оксихлорид алюминия и флокулянты катионного типа. Внедрение системы комплексной автоматизации технологического процесса позволило обеспечить контроль технического состояния оборудования и его технологических параметров, а также сбор, обработку и хранение данных.

In recent years, a set of measures has been implemented at the operating water intakes of the city of Novokuznetsk using advanced equipment and technologies that have provided for improving the integrity and efficiency of the water supply system. It was noted that in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the water treatment facilities, continuous improving the technology of water purification is required. The most acceptable and economical solution to this problem is carrying out research works at the technological lab of the Dragun water supply facilities. The filtration properties of materials (expanded clay, burned rocks, albitophyre, quartzite, etc.) were studied that resulted in choosing the type of filter material and determining its optimal grain particle size for loading filters at the water treatment facilities. The most effective chemicals for water purification from the local water source, the Tom River, were identified. These are aluminum oxychloride coagulant and cationic flocculants. The introduction of a comprehensive process automation system provided for the control of the technical condition of the equipment and its process parameters, as well as for the data acquisition, processing and storage.
Концепция устранения аварийных ситуаций методом перекладки участков сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения
Authors: Solov’ev Viktor,
Published: May 2020

Представлена Концепция устранения аварийных ситуаций методом перекладки отдельных участков сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения , которая позволяет изменять параметры предусмотренных к замене аварийных участков сетей или вносить изменения в критерии принятия решения о перекладке аварийного участка. В итоге обеспечивается увеличение или уменьшение протяженности перекладываемых сетей за отчетный период в соответствии с имеющимися возможностями. Предложенная методика организации системы контроля в ООО Водоканал г. Новокузнецка позволяет ответственному персоналу своевременно принимать решения по перекладке сетей и в текущем режиме наглядно и доступно оценивать результаты своей работы. До введения системы контроля на перекладку направлялись порядка 7 от общего количества участков сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения с возникающими аварийными ситуациями. После введения количество переложенных аварийных участков возросло до 2022.

The concept of eliminating failures by the method of re-laying separate sections of the water distribution and sewer networks is presented that provides for changing the parameters of the network trouble sections subject to the replacement, or for correcting the criteria of making decisions about re-laying trouble sections. As a result, an increase or decrease in the length of the replaced networks for the reporting period is provided in accordance with the available capabilities. The methodology proposed in Vodokanal of Novokuznetsk for the control system arrangement allows the responsible personnel to make timely decisions on the network section re-laying and visually and easily evaluate the results of the operations in current mode. Before the introduction of the control system, about 7 of the total number of trouble sections of the water distribution and sewer networks were subject to the replacement. Upon the introduction of the control system the number of replaced trouble sections increased to 2022.
Optikai elven történő alakváltozás mérése az akadémiai és az ipari gyakorlatban
Authors: Kovács Péter Zoltán
Published: May 2020

A járműipar rohamos fejlődésével ugrásszerűen megnőtt az igény az új, illetve különböző módosításokkal továbbfejlesztett alapanyagokra. Ezen alapanyagokkal szemben számos elvárást támasztott az ipar, melyek közül az egyik legjelentősebb a felhasznált anyagok tömegének csökkentése. Ez mind gazdasági, mind pedig környezetvédelmi szempontból kiemelt fontossággal bír, mert az össztömeg csökkenésével a károsanyag kibocsátás is mérsékelhető. Mindemellett fontos, hogy az anyag eredeti szilárdsági tulajdonságait megtartsák, lehetőség szerint javítsanak rajta. A cikkben meghatározásra kerül egy nagyszilárdságú anyag (DP 600) alakítási határdiagramja, valamint annak felhasználása egy végeselemes (AutoForm R7) szoftverkörnyezetben. A tanulmány keretében bemutatásra kerül, hogy a végeselemes szoftverben kapott eredmények hogyan finomíthatók a modellezéshez felhasznált anyag anyagkártyájának meghatározása segítségével.
Ipari együttműködés – Bosch - ME, ATI közös járműipari kutatások – a FIEK projekt keretében
Authors: Marosné Berkes Mária , Szilágyiné Biró Andrea , László Noémi , Fülöp Fruzsina , Kelemen László Attila
Published: May 2020

A Miskolci Egyetem egyik nagyszabású projektje számos lehetőséget kínál az egyetemi és ipari partnerek együttműködésére az anyagtudományok legkülönbözőbb területein. Ebben a cikkben a Gépészmérnöki és Informatikai Kar, Anyagszerkezettani és Anyagtechnológiai Intézete és a Robert Bosch Energy and Body Systems Kft. szakembereinek együttműködésében megvalósított három kutatási témában eddig elért eredményekről számolunk be. A bemutatott témakörök – Anyagkiválasztás ventilátor kerék fröccsönthetőségének javítása céljából; Vezetőképes kenőanyagok fejlesztése gördülő csapágyakhoz; Polimer alkatrészek kopásállóságának növelése aktív ernyős plazmanitridálással – ún. alapkutatásokhoz kapcsolódó témakörök. Az elért eredmények hozzájárulhatnak az autóipari fejlesztések során olyan új konstrukciók, termékek kidolgozásához és újszerű technológiák bevezetéséhez, amelyek révén az ipari partner versenyképes piaci termékekkel bővítheti választékát az autóipari alkatrészekkel szemben támasztott egyre magasabb követelmények kielégítése, az élettartam és a megbízhatóság növelése mellett.
A LoCoMaTech H-2020 projekt alakítástechnológiai vonatkozásai és eredményei
Authors: Gál Gaszton , Gál Viktor , Kovács Péter Zoltán , Kuzsella László , Lukács Zsolt , Tisza Miklós
Published: May 2020

A cikk a LoCoMaTech H-2020 projekt keretében végzett alakítástechnológiai kutatásokról és az elért eredményekről ad számot. A projekt a Horizon 2020 Európai Uniós program keretében nyert el pályázati támogatást a 2016.09.01-2019.08.31. közötti, 36 hónapos kutatási időszakra. A projekt szakmai feladatait 9 ország 19 intézményéből álló konzorcium valósította meg a Londoni Imperial College vezetésével. A projekt fő célja elsősorban nagyszilárdságú (pl. AA6082 és AA7075 anyagminőségű) aluminium ötvözetek alkalmazásával, jelentős tömegcsökkentéssel, költséghatékony gyártási eljárások kidolgozása, a környezeti káros hatások minél nagyobb mértékű csökkentésével. A projektben a Miskolci Egyetem Anyagszerkezettani és Anyagtechnológiai Intézetének Mechanikai Technológiai Intézeti Tanszéke volt a magyar partner, amelynek fő feladatát az alakítástechnológiai kérdések vizsgálata, alakíthatósági kísérletek végzése, valamint ezek numerikus modellezése képezte.
S690QL és S960M nagyszilárdságú acélok hegesztett kötéseinek fáradásos repedésterjedéssel szembeni ellenállása
Authors: Dobosy Ádám
Published: May 2020

Jelen kutatómunka célja S690QL és S960M alapanyagok és védőgázos fogyóelektródás ívhegesztett kötéseik fáradásos repedésterjedéssel szembeni ellenállásainak meghatározása. A hegesztési kísérletek 15 mm vastag alapanyagokon lettek végrehajtva, szimmetrikus X kötéskialakítást alkalmazva. A paraméterek állandósága érdekében hegesztő szekátort alkalmaztunk, illetve WeldQAS folyamatfelügyelő rendszer segítségével ellenőriztük a hegesztési paramétereket. A repedésterjedési próbatestek a jellemző irányokra merőlegesen illetve azokkal párhuzamosan lettek kimunkálva, mind az alapanyag, mind a hegesztett kötések esetében, illetve ez utóbbi próbatestek során a bemetszések helyzetét is változtattuk. Ennek megfelelően a vizsgálataink során terjedő repedések a valós szerkezetekben előforduló és megjelenő, különböző repedés megjelenési helyeknek felelnek meg. A vizsgálati eredmények megfelelő módon kiválasztott értékinek felhasználásával egy statisztikai módszer javasolható a fáradásos repedésterjedéssel szembeni ellenállás meghatározására.
De numerare animi. Huellas órficas y pitagóricas en Vasconcelos y Zambrano
Authors: Grigoletto Lorena
Published: May 2020

En la perspectiva de un diálogo sin precedentes entre el filósofo mexicano José Vasconcelos y la española María Zambrano, este artículo pretende rastrear, explorando temas e implicaciones teóricas, los términos y las modalidades de desarrollo de un curioso renacimiento del orfismo y del pitagorismo en el contexto filosófico de habla hispana entre los siglos xix y xx. De hecho, a partir de una investigación histórico-filosófica sobre el contexto y los supuestos teóricos de este renacimiento, que identifica en el vínculo entre el modernismo y el pitagorismo un factor esencial y que involucra importantes cuestiones culturales y metafilosóficas, el trabajo continúa con un análisis más marcadamente teórico y semiótico sobre los temas específicos de los dos autores, ambos convencidos del carácter «pitagórico» u «órfico-pitagórico» de su propia reflexión, para intentar finalmente una comparación. Es en esta perspectiva que conceptos de derivación musical como «ritmo», «melodía» y «armonía» marcan las etapas fundamentales y el modus operandi de la conciencia, redefiniendo ética y estéticamente su relación con el mundo y su valor político. Sin embargo, las diferencias importantes en la concepción de estos términos y en la recepción de la tradición «órfica» y «pitagórica» implican una incompatibilidad política entre los dos pensadores y posiciones opuestas en particular con respecto a la relación entre el hombre y lo divino.
Revivir la ciudad, el pensamiento y la amistad. María Zambrano en la Cuba de 1940
Authors: Domínguez Romero Noelia
Published: May 2020

Tras la guerra civil española el destino de la filósofa malagueña María Zambrano se vio abocado a un largo exilio que duró toda una vida, cuarenta y cinco largos y difíciles años. Cuba fue uno de sus lugares de acogida, casa donde vivir, pensar y escribir con libertad. Frente al continente europeo la isla se le presentará, a partir de 1940, como espacio de la poesía y de la filosofía, además de lo político y lo sagrado, y de convivencia entre la naturaleza, la ciudad y la persona.
Constelaciones chilenas de María Zambrano
Authors: Cámara Madeline
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo analiza varios textos escritos por la filósofa española que están en relación con su visita a Chile entre 1936 y 1937 y con dos de las principales figuras literarias de este país: Pablo Neruda y Gabriela Mistral. El análisis pone énfasis en la transformación del pensamiento de Zambrano como resultado de la experiencia de la solidaridad experimentada en este país, y por entrar en contacto con la cultura latinoamericana.
Photonic radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator based on an integrated 49GHz FSR Kerr micro-comb source
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2020

We report a photonic-based radio frequency (RF) arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) using a soliton crystal micro-comb source with a free spectral range (FSR) of 48.9 GHz. We successfully achieve arbitrary shapes including square waveforms with a tunable duty ratio ranging from 10% to 90%, sawtooth waveforms with a tunable slope ratio of 0.2 to 1, and a symmetric concave quadratic chirp waveform with an instantaneous frequency of sub GHz. We achieve good agreement between theory and experiment, validating the effectiveness of this approach towards realizing high-performance, broad bandwidth, nearly user-defined RF waveform generation.