bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functioning of Neurotrauma Center in PGIMER, Chandigarh
Authors: Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Wankhede Lomesh Shankarrao , Singh Apinderpreet , Sahoo Sushanta Kumar , Tripathi Manjul , Gendle Chandrashekhar , Singla Raghav , Aggarwal Ashish , Singla Navneet , Mohanty Manju , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Salunke Pravin , Mohindra Sandeep , Chhabra Rajesh , Tewari Manoj Kumar , Jain Kajal , Gupta Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2020

The Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh is an apex trauma center which delivers comprehensive care for neurotrauma patients from six major states of north and northwest India. Its neurotrauma services have steadily evolved over the years with the establishment of an advanced trauma center in the year 2011. This manuscript provides an overview pertaining to the development of the neurotrauma services in PGIMER since its inception, the current infrastructure and resources, functioning of the department, baseline epidemiological data of neurotrauma patients, and the future prospects.
Neurotrauma Audit at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ambuj , Hedaoo Ketan , Bajaj Jitin , Sinha Mallika , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay , Swamy Narayan , Yadav Y. R.
Published: January 2020

Introduction For the prevention and better management of traumatic brain and spine injury patients, it is mandatory to understand the demographic and clinical profiles of cases of a particular region. This study was aimed at describing the epidemiology, pattern, and outcomes of head and spine injury patients at a tertiary care center in central India.

Materials and Methods All the patients with head and spine injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery between September 1, 2018, and August 31, 2019 were included in the study. Data of all these patients were collected from the medical record section and analyzed for age, sex, mode of injury, severity of injury, management, and outcomes.

Results During the study period, 932 patients with head injury and 241 patients with spine injury were admitted to our department. Around 65% of the patients in both head and spine injury categories fell in the age group of 26 to 55 years. Approximately 80% of all neurotrauma patients were male. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident followed by fall from height. Mortality for severe head injury was 39% and that for ASIA A (American Spinal Injury Association grade A) cervical spine injury was 65%.

Conclusion Even after aggressive treatment strategies, morbidity and mortality are very high, and the ultimate outcome depends mainly on the clinical status immediately after trauma. The data from this study can be helpful in strategy-making for the prevention and management of head and spine injury patients, especially in the central Indian population.
From JMV-1843 to Macrilen
Authors: Martinez Jean , Fehrentz Jean-Alain
Published: January 2020

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a severe pathology that greatly affects the quality of life, and increases morbidity and mortality of patients owing to the augmentation of cardiovascular events. Treatment of GHD is challenging, mainly because there is no specific characteristic sign or symptom that can be used to make a clear diagnosis. There is need for an unequivocal diagnosis of GHD to avoid unnecessary treatment with GH, because the available provocative tests (GH stimulation tests) are not specific and sensitive enough, and are contraindicated in some patients. Ghrelin is an endogenous peptide that stimulates GH secretion by interacting with a G-protein-coupled receptor named ghrelin receptor (GH secretagogue receptor 1a, GHS-R1a). Given this, a GH stimulation test using ghrelin or its analogues appears to be attractive. In this paper, a modified tripeptide first named JMV-1843 in the laboratory is briefly presented. It is potent and selective in stimulating the release of GH and is orally active. It has been recently commercialised for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency under the tradename Macrilen. The test using this compound appears to be reliable, well tolerated, and simple.
Walking, swimming or hitching a ride? Phylogenetics and biogeography of the walking shark genus Hemiscyllium
Authors: Dudgeon Christine L. , Corrigan Shannon , Yang Lei , Allen Gerry R. , Erdmann Mark V. , Fahmi  , Sugeha Hagi Y. , White William T. , Naylor Gavin J. P.
Published: January 2020

It can be challenging to identify the forces that drive speciation in marine environments for organisms that are capable of widespread dispersal because their contemporary distributions often belie the historical processes that were responsible for their initial diversification. In this contribution we explore the likely sequence of events responsible for the radiation of walking sharks in the genus Hemiscyllium using a dated molecular phylogeny. The nine currently recognised species in the genus consist of small, benthic sharks that are restricted to the Indo-Australian Archipelago and show limited dispersal at both juvenile and adult stages. We discuss how major tectonic changes, sea level fluctuations and the unique biology of the species may have influenced speciation in the group, as well as the current distribution of the genus and each of its constituent species. Phylogeographic analysis of the genus combined with biogeographic reconstruction of the region shows a recent radiation during the Miocene and Pliocene, and supports a combination of vicariance and founder modes of speciation mediated by major tectonic, geological and oceanographic historical processes.
Attitudes towards abortion in male and female adolescents with diverse sexual and pregnancy experiences: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hendriks Jacqueline , Fyfe Sue , Doherty Dorota A. , Jacques Angela , Styles Irene , Hickey Martha , Skinner S. Rachel
Published: January 2020

Background
Research focused on adolescents’ attitudes towards abortion is limited, and validated scales are not routinely used. A greater understanding of adolescents’ attitudes towards abortion could better inform the sexuality education strategies targeted at this age group. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed by 1470 adolescents (437 males, 1033 females) aged 12–19 years and living in Perth, Australia. Participants were recruited from secondary schools, antenatal clinics and termination clinics to capture varying experiences of sexual activity and pregnancy. Survey items investigated abortion attitudes, sexual behaviour and pregnancy history alongside other demographic and psychosocial factors. Analyses included comparative means and adjusted linear regressions. Results: Sexually active participants (n = 554) and females reporting a previous abortion (n = 196) held more supportive attitudes towards abortion (P < 0.001 for both). Among sexually active females, more supportive attitudes were held by those reporting a previous abortion (β = 2.60, 95% confidence interval 0.93–4.27, P = 0.002), later age (≥16 years) at first vaginal intercourse (P < 0.001), use of oral contraception at last sex (P = 0.029), previous condom use (P < 0.001) and/or three or more oral sex partners in the previous 12 months (P = 0.005). For sexually active males, more supportive attitudes were reported by those whose female partners had used oral contraception at last sex (P = 0.013) or ever (P = 0.017). Multivariable analyses indicated that other correlates, including risky sexual behaviour, had minimal or no effect on attitudes. Conclusions: Adolescents’ attitudes towards abortion appear to be influenced by their ability to personalise and contextualise the effect of a pregnancy. Associations between less-effective contraceptive use and reduced support for abortion may be explained by a diminished perceived risk of parenthood. Educational strategies should acknowledge and respond to differences in abortion attitudes as adolescents commence and navigate sexual relationships.
Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure
Authors: Braos L. B. , Bettiol A. C. T. , Di Santo L. G. , Ferreira M. E. , Cruz M. C. P.
Published: January 2020

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.
The impact of different training load quantification and modelling methodologies on performance predictions in elite swimmers
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan J. G. , Rattray Ben , Fowlie John , Saunders Philo U. , Pyne David B.
Published: January 2020

The use of rolling averages to analyse training data has been debated recently. We evaluated two training load quantification methods (five‐zone, seven‐zone) fitted to performances over two race distances (50 and 100 m) using four separate longitudinal models (Banister, Busso. rolling averages and exponentially weighted rolling averages) for three swimmers ranked in the top 8 in the world. A total of 1610 daily load measures and 108 performances were collected. Banister (standard error of the estimate (SEE) 0.64 and 0.62 s; five‐zone and seven‐zone quantification methods), Busso (SEE 0.73 and 0.70 s) and exponentially weighted rolling averages (SEE 0.57 and 0.63 s) models fitted more accurately (p < 0.001) than the rolling averages approach (SEE 1.32 and 1.36 s). The seven‐zone quantification method did not produce more accurate performance predictions than the five‐zone method, despite being a more detailed form of training load quantification. Four neural network models were fitted and had a lower error (SEE 0.38, 0.41, 0.35 and 0.60 s) than all longitudinal models, but did not track as predictably over time. Exponentially weighted impulse–response models and exponentially weighted rolling averages appear more effective at predicting performance using training load data in elite swimmers than a rolling averages approach.
Hearing balance and communication jubilees exponents of the ‘twenties’
Authors: Mion Marta
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To discover the widest collection of anatomo-pathological findings published in the XVII century, Theophile Bonet’s Sepulchretum sive Anatomia Practica (1679), the forerunner of Morgagni’s De Sedibus et Causis Morborum (1761). Particular attention has been paid to the paragraphs relating to otology and audiology.

Method:

Section 19 of Book I of the Sepulchretum (entitled De Aurium Affectibus) contains the description of all the ears pathologies found during autopsies performed at that time.

Results:

The annotations in this section provide an idea of the concepts and the knowledge that physicians had of otological and audiological syndromes in the XVII century.

Conclusion:

The Sepulchretum was fundamental in the development of modern medicine, as demonstrated by the similar treaties that followed Bonet’s work.
Total variation of the normal vector field as shape prior
Authors: Bergmann Ronny , Herrmann Marc , Herzog Roland , Schmidt Stephan , Vidal-Núñez José
Published: January 2020

An analogue of the total variation prior for the normal vector field along the boundary of smooth shapes in 3D is introduced. The analysis of the total variation of the normal vector field is based on a differential geometric setting in which the unit normal vector is viewed as an element of the two-dimensional sphere manifold. It is shown that spheres are stationary points when the total variation of the normal is minimized under an area constraint. Shape calculus is used to characterize the relevant derivatives. Since the total variation functional is non-differentiable whenever the boundary contains flat regions, an extension of the split Bregman method to manifold valued functions is proposed.
High photon count rates improve the quality of super-resolution fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy
Authors: Schneider Falk , Hernandez-Varas Pablo , Christoffer Lagerholm B , Shrestha Dilip , Sezgin Erdinc , Julia Roberti M , Ossato Giulia , Hecht Frank , Eggeling Christian , Urbančič Iztok
Published: January 2020

Probing the diffusion of molecules has become a routine measurement across the life sciences, chemistry and physics. It provides valuable insights into reaction dynamics, oligomerisation, molecular (re-)organisation or cellular heterogeneities. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is one of the widely applied techniques to determine diffusion dynamics in two and three dimensions. This technique relies on the temporal autocorrelation of intensity fluctuations but recording these fluctuations has thus far been limited by the detection electronics, which could not efficiently and accurately time-tag photons at high count rates. This has until now restricted the range of measurable dye concentrations, as well as the data quality of the FCS recordings, especially in combination with super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy.

Here, we investigate the applicability and reliability of (STED-)FCS at high photon count rates (average intensities of more than 1 MHz) using novel detection equipment, namely hybrid detectors and real-time gigahertz sampling of the photon streams implemented on a commercial microscope. By measuring the diffusion of fluorophores in solution and cytoplasm of live cells, as well as in model and cellular membranes, we show that accurate diffusion and concentration measurements are possible in these previously inaccessible high photon count regimes. Specifically, it offers much greater flexibility of experiments with biological samples with highly variable intensity, e.g. due to a wide range of expression levels of fluorescent proteins. In this context, we highlight the independence of diffusion properties of cytosolic GFP in a concentration range of approx. 0.01–1 µm. We further show that higher photon count rates also allow for much shorter acquisition times, and improved data quality. Finally, this approach also pronouncedly increases the robustness of challenging live cell STED-FCS measurements of nanoscale diffusion dynamics, which we testify by confirming a free diffusion pattern for a fluorescent lipid analogue on the apical membrane of adherent cells.
Enhancement of superconducting state properties of Fe0.994Ni0.007Te0.66Se0.34 single crystal with increasing pressure: a correlation with pressure-induced crystallinity degradation
Authors: Pietosa Jaroslaw , Puzniak Roman , Paliwoda Damian , Paszkowicz Wojciech , Katrusiak Andrzej , Kamiński Radosław , Gawryluk Dariusz J , Wisniewski Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Detailed investigations of Ni substituted Fe0.994Ni0.007Te0.66Se0.34 and unsubstituted Fe0.99Te0.66Se0.34 crystals were performed at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure in order to understand the complex relationship between structure, magnetism, and superconductivity in iron selenides. The aim of the investigations was to determine the structural and superconducting state properties and study their evolution under pressure, up to 11 kbar. A comparison of Fe0.99Te0.66Se0.34, a material with much less developed phase separation, with FeTe0.5Se0.5, a material exhibiting pronounced nanoscale phase separation, was also performed. Under ambient pressure, a weakening of superconducting state properties was observed in the Fe0.994Ni0.007Te0.66Se0.34 crystal, with disorder introduced by Ni substitution, as compared with those in Fe0.99Te0.66Se0.34. For Fe0.994Ni0.007Te0.66Se0.34, the x-ray diffraction studies have revealed a degradation of crystal quality under applied elevated pressure. Superconducting state properties of the single phase Fe0.99Te0.66Se0.34 crystal, such as upper and lower critical fields, were found to be poorer, at both ambient and hydrostatic pressure, than those observed for FeTe0.5Se0.5 crystals exhibiting pronounced nanoscale phase separation. Comprehensive studies of the impact of pressure on crystal structure and on superconducting state properties confirm that enhancement of superconductivity correlates with the appearance of mosaicity under pressure. The above observation leads to the expectation of a pressure-induced increase in inhomogeneity, leading to the enhancement of superconducting properties in other sulpho-iron seleno-tellurides of anti-PbO-type structure.
Theoretical study on the relationship between the position of the substituent and the ESIPT fluorescence characteristic of HPIP*
Authors: Zhang Xin , Han Jian-Hui , Li You , Sun Chao-Fan , Su Xing , Shi Ying , Yin Hang
Published: January 2020

The influences of the substituent base position on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer fluorescence properties were explored in 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine (HPIP) and HPIP’s derivatives (5′Br-HPIP and 6′Br-HPIP). And the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods were used to calculate the molecule structures. The calculated results showed that the influence of 5′Br-HPIP on the fluorescence intensity is stronger than that of 6′Br-HPIP. The fluorescence emission peak of 5′Br-HPIP occurred a blue shift compared with HPIP, and 6′Br-HPIP exhibited an opposite red shift. The change of the fluorescence emission peak was attributed to the decrease of the energy gap from 6′Br-HPIP to 5′Br-HPIP. Our work on the substituent position influence could be helpful to design and develop new materials.
Conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants of fractional Birkhoffian system of Herglotz type*
Authors: Ding Juan-Juan , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2020

In order to further study the dynamical behavior of nonconservative systems, we study the conserved quantities and the adiabatic invariants of fractional Brikhoffian systems with four kinds of different fractional derivatives based on Herglotz differential variational principle. Firstly, the conserved quantities of Herglotz type for the fractional Brikhoffian systems based on Riemann–Liouville derivatives and their existence conditions are established by using the fractional Pfaff–Birkhoff–d′Alembert principle of Herglotz type. Secondly, the effects of small perturbations on fractional Birkhoffian systems are studied, the conditions for the existence of adiabatic invariants for the Birkhoffian systems of Herglotz type based on Riemann–Liouville derivatives are established, and the adiabatic invariants of Herglotz type are obtained. Thirdly, the conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants for the fractional Birkhoffian systems of Herglotz type under other three kinds of fractional derivatives are established, namely Caputo derivative, Riesz–Riemann–Liouville derivative and Riesz–Caputo derivative. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
Preliminary abnormal electrocardiogram segment screening method for Holter data based on long short-term memory networks
Authors: Chen Siying , Liu Hongxing
Published: January 2020

Holter usually monitors electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for more than 24 hours to capture short-lived cardiac abnormalities. In view of the large amount of Holter data and the fact that the normal part accounts for the majority, it is reasonable to design an algorithm that can automatically eliminate normal data segments as much as possible without missing any abnormal data segments, and then take the left segments to the doctors or the computer programs for further diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a preliminary abnormal segment screening method for Holter data. Based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, the prediction model is established and trained with the normal data of a monitored object. Then, on the basis of kernel density estimation, we learn the distribution law of prediction errors after applying the trained LSTM model to the regular data. Based on these, the preliminary abnormal ECG segment screening analysis is carried out without R wave detection. Experiments on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database show that, under the condition of ensuring that no abnormal point is missed, 53.89% of normal segments can be effectively obviated. This work can greatly reduce the workload of subsequent further processing.
Measurement of the knees of proton and H&He spectra below 1 PeV
Authors: Cao Zhen , Ma Lingling , Zong Zizhao , Yin Liqiao , Bi Baiyang , Zhang Shoushan , Suomijärvi Tiina
Published: January 2020

Galactic Cosmic ray (CR) origin is still a mystery. Measuring the knees of the CR spectra for individual species is a very important approach to solve the problem. ARGO-YBJ and LHAASO-WFCTA[1] combined experiment made the first step by measuring the spectrum of hydrogen plus helium nuclei and finding the knee around 0.7 PeV[2]. A significant boost is expected by using LHAASO experiment[3] to measure the spectra and their knees for pure proton and other species in few years. The key is to separate the specific species from all CR samples. In this paper, a multi variate analysis (MVA) approach for the CR composition analysis in LHAASO experiment is discussed. Preliminary results of the analysis and expectations are presented.
Hyperon Structure and CP tests at BESIII
Authors: Adlarson Patrik
Published: January 2020

Hyperons are a powerful diagnostic tool that can shed light on some of the most intriguing questions in contemporary physics. Electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) are currently the best way to study hyperon structure. In the time-like region the EMFFs can be complex with a relative phase. A non-zero phase polarizes the final state even when the initial state is unpolarized. A dedicated data sample collected by the BESIII experiment allowed for a first complete reconstruction of Λ in the time-like region. The ratio, R and relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factor, ΔΦ are measured to be 0.96±0.14(stat)±0.002(syst) and 37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst), respectively. In addition, the BESIII experiment has collected the world’s largest J/ψ data sample. Due to symmetric excellent detector conditions and low hadronic background, the experiment offers a clean environment for CP-violation tests using

J
/
ψ
→
B

B
¯

. That hyperons can be polarized allows for a simultaneous measurement of angular distributions of hyperons and antihyperons and to test CP symmetry directly. This has been done for the process

e
+

e
−

→
J
/
ψ
→
Λ

Λ
¯

recently measured by the BESIII experiment. The experimental results showed that the asymmetry decay parameter α(Λ → ππ
−) = +0.750±0.009±0.004, is nearly twenty percent larger compared to the old PDG tabulated value. The test on CP symmetry,

A

CP
,
Λ

Λ
¯

=
−
0.006
±
0.012
±
0.007

is the most sensitive test for Λ CP-violation. Preliminary results are presented for the process

e
+

e
−

→
J
/
ψ
→

∑

+

∑

−

→
p

π
0

p
¯

π
0

. The asymmetry decay parameter

α

(

∑

¯

−

→

p
¯

π
0

)

=
+
0.992
±
0.037
±
0.008

and

A

CP
,

∑

​

+

∑

​

−

−
0.015
±
0.037
±
0.008

−0.015 ± 0.037 ± 0.008 are both measured for the first time.
The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris
Authors: van Sebille Erik , Aliani Stefano , Law Kara Lavender , Maximenko Nikolai , Alsina José M , Bagaev Andrei , Bergmann Melanie , Chapron Bertrand , Chubarenko Irina , Cózar Andrés , Delandmeter Philippe , Egger Matthias , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P , Goddijn-Murphy Lonneke , Hardesty Britta Denise , Hoffman Matthew J , Isobe Atsuhiko , Jongedijk Cleo E , Kaandorp Mikael L A , Khatmullina Liliya , Koelmans Albert A , Kukulka Tobias , Laufkötter Charlotte , Lebreton Laurent , Lobelle Delphine , Maes Christophe , Martinez-Vicente Victor , Morales Maqueda Miguel Angel , Poulain-Zarcos Marie , Rodríguez Ernesto , Ryan Peter G , Shanks Alan L , Shim Won Joon , Suaria Giuseppe , Thiel Martin , van den Bremer Ton S , Wichmann David
Published: January 2020

Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales.
The effect of different variety of fire-woods on smoking of selais catfish (Cryptopterus bicirchis)
Authors: Leksono T , Edison  , Irasari  , Ikhsan MN
Published: January 2020

Problems encountered in traditional fish smoking was the inconsistency in the quality of the smoked fish produced, and so making the product provided less quality assurance to consumers. The type of fire-wood used as smoke fuel was also uncertain because it depended on the availability of the wood surrounding the smoking activity area. The aim of the research was to describe the method of traditional fish smoking and to determine the best typical wood used to produce smoked fish in the Province of Riau, Indonesia. The experimental method was used to examine the use of different kinds of fire-wood as the smoke source for selais catfish (Cryptopterus bicirchis) smoking. Several fire-woods used were kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus), laban (Vitex pinnata), ubar (Eugenia sp.) and timah-timah (Elaeocarpaecae sp.). The result showed that the catfish smoking in the province was applying direct hot smoking method. Smoked catfish produced was showing somewhat blackish brown, shiny, dry and clay textured, and weight reduction up to 25% from initial weight. The best wood used as smoke source was ubar wood, but not significantly different to laban wood. The best smoked fish produced was containing moisture, total phenolic and acid compound at 11.26%, 0.745%, and 0.92%, respectively.
Characteristics of Softgel Capsules Mixture of Patin Oil, Red Palm Oil, and Shark Liver Oil
Authors: Sukmiwati M , Syahrul S , Dewita  , Diharmi A
Published: January 2020

Fish oil is a source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially the content of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 and omega-9. Freshwater fish oil omega-3 content is relatively low. but the high content of omega-9, is one of those derived from patin oil. Sea fish oil has a relatively high content of omega-3 fatty acids, one of which comes from shark liver. Oil is not only comes from fish but also from plants. One of the vegetable oils from palm oil that is beneficial for health is red palm oil which has a relatively high carotenoid content which is a source of vitamin A. These three types of oil have excess and deficiencies in the composition of fatty acids, so they can be combined to improve their functional properties in the form of softgel capsule.The mixture of these three oils in the form of capsule softgel is functional food. The research method of mixing the three oils with a certain ratio of F1 (45 patin oil, 25 red plam oil, and 30 shark liver oil), F2 (.45 patin oil: 30 red plam oil: 25 shark liver oil. and F2 (45 patin oil: 35 red plam oil:20 shark liver oil) was analyzed the composition of fatty acids. The selected F 1 formulation is used as a softgel capsule. The analysis results show that the quality characteristics of the three oils are in accordance with IFOS standards (peroxide number and free fatty acids. The composition of sofgel fatty acids produced with F1 formula, produced omega-3 (0.47%), Omega-6 (32.87%), and omega-9 (26.97%), Besides the high omega-3,6 and 9 content, the saturated fatty acid content is also low.
The Use of “Jambal” Fish (Pangasius hypophtalmus) and Grouper (Cromileptes sp) Oils for Infant Biscuit Formulation
Authors: Ilza M , Sukmiwati M
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fish oil use the combinations of against_nutritional value infant biscuits which confectionery meet the standards of omega 3 and omega 6 (1 : 5) according to WHO standards and ISO 01-7111.2-2005. The combination of fish oil used from belly fat " Jambal " fish (Pangasius hypophtalmus) and Grouper (Cromileptes sp). The design experiment used by complete random design (RAL). The treatment attempting is a combination of fish oil use belly fat making infant biscuits: M0 (0 mL fish oil), M1 (7 ml fish oil), M2 (14 ml fish oil), and M3 (21 ml fish oil. The results of the analysis of the nutritional value biscuits are generated compared with quality terms SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 01-7111.2-2005 infant biscuits. Based on the findings of research it was known that treatment which is the best fish oil use for a combination of 21_ml of water contents of 4.42% (standard maximum of 5%), 10.88% protein (the minimum standard of 6%), fat 13.74% (minimum standard 6%), carbohydrates 69.91% (standard maximum of 70%), ash 2.15% (standard maximum 3.5%), and the ratio of omega 3 : omega 6 is 1 : 4.3.
Isolation and Characterization of str Promoter from Bacteria Escherichia coli DH5α using Reporter Gene AmilCP (Acropora millepora)
Authors: Mardalisa M , Suhandono S , Ramdhani M
Published: January 2020

In heat stress conditions, E. coli will produce EF-Tu protein abundantly under the regulation of str promoter. The str promoter from E. coli is known to have sequences that are recognized by two sigma factors (σ70 and σS). The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize str promoter from E. coli DH5a using reporter gene AmilCP. The str promoter from E. coli DH5α (289 bp) had been isolated by Colony PCR using specific primers. Bioinformatics analysis of str promoter showed high conserved areas (100%) for some kinds of E. coli strains. The str promoter was constructed in pSB1C3 vector by modifying OEPC to regulate reporter gene AmilCP. Qualitatively, the ability of str promoter constructs in regulating AmilCP gene was observed as purple-blue colonies of E. coli. Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring cell extract of E. coli at a wavelength of 588 nm after treated at different temperatures (4, 24, 37, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C) for 1 hour. The ability of str promo ter to express reporter gene AmilCP was compared to one powerful promoter which is the lacUV5 promoter. The results show that both promoters are functional promoters and can be induced by temperature (50 °C).
Does Capture Fisheries In The Vicinity of Tin Mining Area Sustainable? : A case study in Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadona T , Rengi P , Warningsih T , Septya F , Ngesti S M , Purnomo A
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine capture fisheries status in a sustainability perspective based on ecology, economy, social, technology and ethic dimensions. A data analysis method which used was Multidimensional Scaling with RAPFISH technique. All dimensions in this study were based on FAO’s attribute and was modified based on fisheries condition in research location. Score multidimensional analysis is 45,69. These results indicate that the multidimensional sustainability status of capture fisheries on Bangka Island is in a less sustainable status. The result showed that ecology was the dimension which has the lowest score in order to support captured fisheries sustainability in Bangka Island. The result also formulated sensitive attribute in every condition and gave management recommendations for the sustainability of captured fisheries based on that attribute. This study showed the importance of dimension integration and stakeholder’s teamwork multisectoral in order to manage the sustainability of captured fisheries.
Supply Chain Analysis of Shrimp’s (Panaeus sp.) in Bagansiapiapi, Riau Province
Authors: Yulinda E , Arief H , Hendri R
Published: January 2020

This survey research was conducted in Bagansiapiapi, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia on February - August 2019. The research objective was to analyze: (1) The parties involved in the supply chain of shrimp (Panaesius monodon); (2) Patterns of shrimp flow, money flow, and information flow in the shrimp’s supply chain; and (3) The efficiency level of the shrimp’s supply chain in fish storage shed of “Mara” (Bangliau Mara), Bagansiapiapi. The results showed that, the flow pattern of shrimp products, starts from fishermen to Bangliau Mara, agents, retailers, along-along and consumers. The pattern of money flow, started from consumers, to retailers, along-along, agents, Bangliau Mara, and fishermen. While the pattern of information flow, take place both ways (reciprocity) between the entities. The efficiency level of shrimp’s supply chain in Bangliau Mara at each agent towards the end consumers, mostly efficient.
Gender Role in the Second-Generation Resettler Households in Koto Panjang Hydropower Area, Riau Province
Authors: Sofyani T , Karimi S , Noer M , Tarumun S
Published: January 2020

This research was aimed to study: a) the gender role of the second-generation resettler households in domestic activities; b) the gender role of the second-generation resettler households in economic/public activities; c) the gender role of the second-generation resettler households in social activities. The research was conducted in Koto Masjid Village and Pongkai Istiqomah Village. These locations were intentionally selected (purposive sampling). The population in this study was all second-generation families who married after the relocation in Koto Mesjid Village and Pongkai Istiqomah Village. There were 62 households in Koto Mesjid Village and 30 households Pongkai Istiqomah Village taken as the samples of this study. The results show that: 1) The role of gender in the domestic activities of most households in Koto Masjid Village and Pongkai Istiqomah Village is categorized in the low level or in gender bias category. 2) The role of gender in economic/public activities is classified in the medium category (gender perspective). 3) The role of gender in the social activities is in the low category (gender bias).
Cultivation Technology of Bronze Featherback (Notopterus notopterus, Pallas 1769) at Different Stocking Densities and Types of Feed
Authors: Sukendi S , Thamrin T , Putra R M , Yulindra A
Published: January 2020

Bronze featherback (Notopterus notopterus, Pallas 1769) is one of Indonesia’s endemic fish that needs to be cultivated. Stocking density and the right type of feed are important aspects of fish farming activities. This study aims to determine the stocking density and type of feed that is appropriate for the cultivation of bronze featherback. This research was conducted from June to July 2019 in a fish pond in Sungai Geringging Village, Kampar Kiri District, Riau. The design used in this study was a completely random design with two factors (stocking density and type of feed), with three replications. Stocking densities were: 5, 10 and 15 fish/m3. While the types of feed included: commercial feed pellets plus vitamin E, trash fish and local mussel. Results showed that a density of 5 fish / m3 fed with trash fish produced the best fish growth in terms of absolute weight (6.98 ± 1.49 g), absolute length (3.61 ± 0.20 cm), daily growth rate (0.83 ± 0.30%) and larval survival rate (86.67 ± 11.55%).
Water Quality Status and Pollution Waste Load from Floating Net Cages at Maninjau Lake, West Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Syandri H , Azrita A , Mardiah A
Published: January 2020

Aquaculture has become one of the major causes of Lake Eutrophication due to the lack of direct and efficient technologies for pollution control and remediation. Water samples were collected on February 2018 and March 2019 under floating net cages (depth 4 m) in each farm (Maninjau, Koto Kaciek, Intake PLTA, Sungai Batang areas) using a Kemmerer Water Sampler with the volume is 1200 mL. This tool was used to the determination the water quality parameters which measured based on the standard procedures APHA (1995). Water transparency was measured using a Secchi disk. The Storet method was used to analyze the water quality status. The capacity of water pollution load and the trophic status of Maninjau Lake were analyzed with the formula of the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 28/2009 concerning the capability of Lake and/or Reservoir Water Pollution. The results of the research prove that the water quality status of Maninjau Lake categorize in class one to three, which is heavy pollutant, and class 4 is mild polluted. The capacity of Lake water pollution load based on feed quota in the year 2019 is 9,736.23 tons/year with fish production is 6,490.82 tons/year which is equivalent with 4,327 net cages. While, the trophic status of Maninjau Lake was categorize as hypereutrof.
Water Quality Analysis Around the Floating Net Cage Culture Activities in the Kampar River, Buluhcina Village, Kampar District
Authors: Harjoyudanto Y , Rifardi R , Windarti W
Published: January 2020

There are Wallago leeri and Mystus nemurus floating net cage culture activities in the Kampar River that use rotten chicken flesh as fish feed and thus the feed remains as well as the fish metabolism reduce the water quality. To understand the quality of the water, a study has been conducted in February – March 2017. There are three sampling sites, in the upstream or before the cage area (Station 1), in the cage area (Station 2) and in the downstream of the cage area (Station 3). Sampling was conducted once. Parameters measured were water temperature, current speed, light penetration, total N, nitrate, nitrite, total P, Orthophosphate, TSS, TDS, pH, DO, CO2, BOD5, and COD. Data were analyzed using a Pollution Index (PI) Method and it is shown that the the water in the Station 1 (1.35) and 3 (1.29) are lightly polluted, while that of the Station 2 (0.86) is categorized as good and suitable for culture activities. The overall condition of water of the Kampar River in the Buluhcina Village is lightly polluted (1.16).
Heavy Metal Uptake Capacity By Floating Plant Island in Sail River Pekanbaru
Authors: Hasbi M , Budijono B , Hendrizali A
Published: January 2020

Heavy metal is one source of pollution from industrial waste. The presence of heavy metals can cause health problems and environmental problems. This research was conducted to determine the ability of floating plant islands to absorb heavy metals. This floating plant island consists of 3 different types of aquatic plants namely Hydrilla verticilata, Limnocharis flava and Echinodorus palifolius. The heavy metals measured were Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu and Fe. Measurement of heavy metals is carried out at 15 and 30 days interval. The results showed that the highest rate of absorption of heavy metals was Fe. In Hydrilla verticilata the absorption rate is 17,39 μg / g per day, Limnocharis flava is 2.22 mg / kg per day and Echinodorus palifolius is 2.63 mg / kg per day.
Morphological changes of the PVD coatings after isothermal annealing
Authors: Babincová P , Sahul M , Drobný P , Čaplovič Ľ
Published: January 2020

The main of this work is to investigate the impact of the isothermal annealing on the structure and morphological changes on the PVD hard coatings. Three different coatings based on the AlTiN system were deposited onto cemented carbide substrates containing 6 wt% of Co. Two coatings AlTiN/TiAlN and AlTiN/TiN with an initial thickness of 3 μm has a coarse-grained columnar structure with a chemically graded nanomultilayering consisting of alternating Ti-rich and Al-rich layers. In the case of the AlTiN/TiAlN coating, a total of 20 layers were applied. Ten layers had a thickness of 200 nm (AlTiN) and 10 layers with the thickness of 100 nm (TiAlN). The same number of nanolayers was also retained for the AlTiN/TiN multilayer coating. The TiN layers were 100 nm thick. The third coating was a nanocomposite sandwich coating formed by a TiSiN adhesive layer (50nm), a functional nanocomposite AlTiSiN layer (2 μm) and a top functional TiSiN layer with a thickness of 1 μm. The coatings were prepared by cathodic arc evaporation using the LARC® technology. After deposition, the samples were annealed at high temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C) for one hour in air. With X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the morphology, structure and phase composition of coatings and oxide layers after annealing were evaluated.

After the heat-treatment at 800 °C, cross-sectional and surface morphology images revealed, that an oxide layer has grown on top of the all coatings. EDS analysis showed that the oxide layers on the multilayers coatings had a layered structure, which was found to be the consequence of the high diffusion rate of Al. The interface with the coatings was very rough. It was depleted of Al, which diffused to the upper surface of the oxide. The oxidation process of nanocomposite AlTiSiN/TiSiN coating started by forming an oxide layer of ternary Ti–Si–O at the interface. This system segregated into two phases of TiO2 and SiO2. The nanocomposite coating remained stable even after annealing at 1000 °C. The surface of the multilayers was accompanied by a network of cracks at this temperature. An interesting phenomenon was also observed on the substrates itself during the annealing. As a result of oxidation, unprotected sides of the substrates expanded. Globular oxides based on tungsten and cobalt were also formed on the surface of the samples at the places where the coating was peeled off. The reasons for the differences are discussed.
Acoustic emission analysis of hard coatings cracking during indentation test
Authors: Drobný P , Čaplovič Ľ , Sahul M , Babincová P , Koula V
Published: January 2020

Hard coatings are widely used in industries where the good behaviours of surface properties play the main role in a life cycle of machine components. The main material characteristic of coatings which determines behaviour of surface is Hardness. In the past, Hardness of materials was considered to be the most important material property, which influences wear properties of coatings as well as value of maximal elastic tension needed for initiation of cracks. However, Adhesion of hard coatings depends on mechanical properties such as Young modulus E, hardness H and fracture toughness R. Initiation/Formation of fractures and their propagation in hard coatings is commonly investigated using indentation tests. Creation of Hard coating crack during indentation is usually detected as a wide frequency AE signal. In this article, the initiation of cracks is investigated using data measured during the indentation. The cracks formation/propagation and spalling in hard coatings during indentation were observed and quantified by using AE. AE frequency analysis was calculated from the signals measured during the indentation and it was evaluated from recorded AE signals.
On the problem of processing data from a cross-sectional image of grained structure
Authors: Minárik S , Martinkovic M
Published: January 2020

The anisotropy of a grained structure is a consequence of non-uniform distribution of spatial orientation of grains. Conventional stereological methods allow determine spatial distribution of grain orientation from lines distribution observed on structure cross sections. The distribution of grain’s surface orientation in space is determined by measuring the total length of cross sections on a cutting plane. In this paper, we indicate partial but significant problem of stereology. A rectangular model of grained structure is considered. Then the kernel function, which connects the probability density function (distribution) of lengths of rectangles intersections visible on observation planes with size of rectangles sides, is calculated.
Deposition and characterization of Ti-Al-C-N coatings
Authors: Sahul M , Haršáni M , Babincová P , Čaplovič L’ , Sahul M , Drobný P
Published: January 2020

In the present work, Ti-Al-C-N coatings were deposited on cemented carbide substrates by lateral rotating cathodes (LARC®) process using Platit π80+DLC deposition unit. The effect of C2H2 gas flow rate on elemental and phase composition, deposition rate, cross-sectional and surface morphology, mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings was studied. Following analytical techniques, namely: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy and wave dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS and WDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nanoindentation measurements, Rockwell C indentation test and tribological testing were used for Ti-Al-C-N coatings evaluation. From the EDS analysis, it was found that the carbon content in the coatings increased from 0 at.% to 22.3 at.% as the C2H2 gas flow rate increased from 0 sccm to 75 sccm. The increase in deposition rate of coatings from 0.029 μm/min to 0.052 μm/min was documented. From XRD results it was found that the coatings consist of a cubic B1-NaCl type Ti1N0.9 phase. The maximum hardness was observed at C2H2 gas flow rate of 25 sccm and the lowest friction coefficient (0.35) at the maximum C2H2 gas flow rate. The coatings deposited at C2H2 gas flow rates (25 sccm and 50 sccm) exhibited an excellent adhesion.