bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Policy in Productive Area: Aspects of Ecosystem Development
Authors: Topoleva T. N.
Published: October 2024

Today the ecosystem approach to the industry development is being discussed both in academic and research quarters and on the level of guidance systems of regions, industries, cluster structures and separate enterprises. Ecosystems of different types, productive, entrepreneurial, digital can change the object field of trends, steps and tools of industrial policy. In conditions of sharp geopolitical crisis that caused the necessity of intensification of innovative product output needed to ensure technological sovereignty of Russia within the shortest period of time, the role of state in regulating and coordinating industrial ecosystem development is growing. The article partly demonstrated the theoretical base of industrial ecosystems and analyzed the way industrial policy can be realized, which was illustrated by the Udmurt Republic. The author proceeds from the fact that industrial ecosystem in the region is being formed right now. He reviewed the present measures of support meant for regional actors of ecosystem that are implemented by bodies of executive power and institutions of development. The author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to set up in the region the Agency on innovation development and put forward a project of its organizational structure and competencies. He also pointed out to significance of digital platforming of industrial ecosystem of the region in order to improve effective interaction between regional actors and to ensure sustainability of ecosystem.
Immune Modulation Strategies in Gene Therapy: Overcoming Immune Barriers and Enhancing Efficacy
Authors: Amsaveni Sivaprakasam S. , Mahendran Radha , C. S. Vidhya , Chanchal Dilip Kumar , Mathew Sojomon , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , S. Jailani , Ali Syed Salman
Published: October 2024

The immune system presents significant obstacles to gene therapy, which has limited
its use in treating many illnesses. New approaches are needed to overcome these problems and improve
the effectiveness of gene therapy. This study explores several techniques to immune regulation
within gene therapy, a cutting-edge discipline that aims to optimise results by fine-tuning the
immune response. We cover new ways to control the immune system and deliver therapeutic
genes just where they are needed, including influencing immunological checkpoints, causing immunotolerance,
and making smart use of immunomodulatory drugs. In addition, the study provides
insight into new developments in the design of less immunogenic gene delivery vectors,
which allow for the extension of transgene expression with minimal adverse immune reactions. In
order to maximise the efficacy of gene-based therapies, this review analyses these novel approaches
and gives a thorough overview of the present state of the art by addressing obstacles and pointing
the way toward future developments in immune regulation. Not only does their integration provide
new opportunities for the creation of safer and more effective gene treatments, but it also contains
the key to overcome current obstacles.
Betulin-NLC-hydrogel for the Treatment of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation: Optimization, Characterisation, and In vitro and In vivo Evaluation
Authors: Prakash Dev , Chaudhary Anjali , Chaudhary Amit
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that poses significant challenges
regarding effective and targeted drug delivery. Bioactive substances like betulin have shown tremendous
utility in treating these conditions; however, they pose limited utility owing to their physicochemical
characteristics. Here, we aimed to develop a novel topical dosage form for treating psoriasis,
utilising betulin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NLCs) incorporated into a hydrogel matrix.

Methods:

The optimization of the formulation was meticulously conducted using a design of experiments
methodology, and its diverse physicochemical attributes were thoroughly examined. Evaluating
betulin's in vitro release pattern from the NLC-hydrogel demonstrated consistent and regulated
drug release properties. Additionally, the formulation demonstrated improved skin penetration abilities
as determined by in vitro skin permeation experiments employing Franz diffusion cells—
furthermore, the therapeutic effectiveness of the betulin-NLC-hydrogel was assessed by an in vivo
experiment carried out using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model in
BALB/c female mice.

Results:

The NLCs exhibited a pH of 5.67±0.86, particle size of 148.16±12.66 nm, and zeta potential
of -22.84±2.37 mV, ensuring stability and suitability for topical use. The gel, with a pH of 6.05±0.43
and viscosity of 17550±120 cPs, showed enhanced skin hydration and lipid restoration. Drug release
studies indicated a slower release from NLCs and gel, improving skin retention. Stability tests revealed
that the formulations were stable at room temperature but not at elevated temperatures. The in
vitro safety profile of the formulation revealed no significant adverse effects on HaCaT cell lines. The
NLC gel demonstrated significant anti-psoriatic activity, reducing inflammation and cytokine levels.

Conclusion:

The betulin-NLC-hydrogel formulation exhibited promising characteristics for the topical
treatment of psoriasis, showcasing optimised drug delivery, sustained release, and notable therapeutic
efficacy. The findings from this study provide a foundation for the potential clinical translation
of this innovative topical dosage form for improved psoriasis management.
“An Integrated Approach using YOLOv8 and ResNet, SeResNet & Vision Transformer (ViT) Algorithms based on ROI Fracture Prediction in X-ray Images of the Elbow”
Authors: Alam Taukir , Yeh Wei-Cheng , Hsu Fang Rong , Wei-Chung Shia , Singh A. Robert , Hassan Taimoor , Lin Wenru , Yang Hong-Ye , Hussain Tahir
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

In this study, we harnessed three cutting-edge algorithms' capabilities to refine the elbow fracture prediction process through X-ray image analysis.
Employing the YOLOv8 (You only look once) algorithm, we first identified Regions of Interest (ROI) within the X-ray images, significantly
augmenting fracture prediction accuracy.

Methods:

Subsequently, we integrated and compared the ResNet, the SeResNet (Squeeze-and-Excitation Residual Network) ViT (Vision Transformer)
algorithms to refine our predictive capabilities. Furthermore, to ensure optimal precision, we implemented a series of meticulous refinements. This
included recalibrating ROI regions to enable finer-grained identification of diagnostically significant areas within the X-ray images. Additionally,
advanced image enhancement techniques were applied to optimize the X-ray images' visual quality and structural clarity.

Results:

These methodological enhancements synergistically contributed to a substantial improvement in the overall accuracy of our fracture predictions.
The dataset utilized for training, testing & validation, and comprehensive evaluation exclusively comprised elbow X-ray images, where predicting
the fracture with three algorithms: Resnet50; accuracy 0.97, precision 1, recall 0.95, SeResnet50; accuracy 0.97, precision 1, recall 0.95 & ViTB-
16 with high accuracy of 0.99, precision same as the other two algorithms, with a recall of 0.95.

Conclusion:

This approach has the potential to increase the precision of diagnoses, lessen the burden of radiologists, easily integrate into Current Medical Imaging Reviews systems, and assist clinical decision-making, all of which could lead to better patient care and health outcomes overall.
Quercetin Promotes the M1-to-M2 Macrophage Phenotypic Switch During Liver Fibrosis Treatment by Modulating the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling
Pathway
Authors: Sun Dongqi , Zhou Xiaoling , Wu Teng , Li Zepeng , Huang Shigao , Peng Zheng
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To investigate the underlying mechanism by which quercetin (Que) regulates
macrophage polarization and its subsequent therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis, an important
pathological precondition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

In vitro experiments were performed on the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage line. After
the induction of M1-type macrophages with LPS, the effects of Que on cell morphology,
M1/M2 surface marker expression, cytokine expression, and JAK2/STAT3 expression were
analyzed. In vivo, male SD rats were used as a model of CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis, and the
effects of Que on serum aminotransferase levels, the histopathological structure of liver tissues,
and macrophage-associated protein expression in liver tissues were analyzed.

Results:

In vitro experiments revealed that Que can suppress the activation of the JAK2/STAT3
signaling pathway, leading to decreases in the expression of M1 macrophage surface markers
and cytokines. Additionally, Que was found to increase the expression of M2 macrophage surface
markers and cytokines. In vivo, assays demonstrated that Que significantly ameliorated the
development of inflammation and fibrosis in a rat liver fibrosis model.

Conclusion:

Que can inhibit hepatic fibrosis by promoting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization,
which could be associated with its ability to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in
macrophages.
Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activities of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 Methanolic Extract
Authors: Saggu Sandeep Kaur , Singh Nalini , Singh Major , Sohal Satwinder Kaur , Hora Rachna , Mishra Prakash Chandra
Published: October 2024

Background:

Microbes are a rich source of antibacterial and anti-insect molecules. Due to rising antibiotic and anti-insect resistance in various sectors of the society, it is im-portant to identify new compounds that may address these issues.

Aims and Objective:

This study aimed to explore the bacteria isolated from soil to identify new molecules with antibacterial and anti-insect activity. Further, the current study is aimed at testing and characterizing antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of methanolic extracts from four different soil bacteria

Methods:

This study reports the isolation and characterization of soil bacteria by morpholog-ical, biochemical, and molecular analysis. The antibacterial and insecticidal potential of meth-anolic extracts of four bacterial strains were tested using an agar well diffusion assay, along with the development and survival of Spodoptera litura. Fractionation of the methanolic ex-tract was performed by chromatography, and the separated fractions were tested for their an-tibacterial activity.

Results:

The bacteria belong to Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, and Microbacterium species. The extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against all tested microbes, including human pathogens. Extract from the same microbe also showed maximum anti-insect activity against Spodoptera litura by significantly increasing the pupal period by as much as 80% and hence extending the time to adult emergence. Morphological abnormalities like deformed wings, deformed pupae, and failure to emerge from pupae were also observed. Purification of the extract by HPLC and gel permeation chromatography helped us to observe a low molecular weight protein that may be responsible for its antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:

Methanolic extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 contains bioactive molecules with antibacterial and anti-insect activities. Further characterization and identification of these molecules may form the basis for the development of novel antibacterial drugs and insecticidal molecules in the future.

conclusion:

Methanolic extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 is a rich source of bioactive compounds that may be utilized as alternative antimicrobials or insecticides.
In-vitro and In-silico α-amylase Inhibition Activity of Carlina Oxide and Aplotaxene Isolated From the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus and Rhaponticum acaule
Authors: Hammoudi Amina , Zatla Amina Tabet , Mami Imane Rihab , Benariba Nabila , Brixi-Gormat Radia , Fekhikher Zohra , Benramdane Hanane , Dib Mohammed El Amine
Published: October 2024

Background:

Numerous natural products have been successfully developed for clinical
use in the treatment of human diseases in almost every therapeutic area.

Objectives:

This work aimed to assess the in-vitro and in-silico α-amylase inhibition activities of
carlina oxide and aplotaxene, isolated from the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and Rhaponticum
acaule respectively.

Methods:

The essential oil from C. caeruleus roots was obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus,
and the hexanoic extract from the roots of R. acaule was obtained through maceration. Major components
of each plant were separated via column chromatography. The in-vitro α-amylase inhibition
activity was evaluated using porcine pancreatic α-amylase, while the molecular docking study was
conducted using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) with three types of α-amylase: human
salivary, pancreatic α-amylase and Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase (PDB: 1Q4N, 5EMY, 7P4W
respectively).

Results:

The in-vitro α-amylase inhibition results for the essential oil, the hexanoic extract, carlina
oxide and aplotaxene showed that carlina oxide exhibited significant activity with IC50 of
0.42 mg/mL. However, the in-silico study showed no interaction between aplotaxene and the
three α-amylase enzymes, whereas carlina oxide demonstrated one pi-cation interaction with 5EMY
with the amino acid TYR 62 at a distance of 4.70 Å and two pi-H interactions with 7P4W with the
amino acid LYS 383 at distances of 4.31 and 4 .03 Å.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, carlina oxide has the potential to serve as an alternative agent for α-
amylase inhibition, contributing to the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia.
Modelos matemáticos de demanda de cloro en aguas superficiales: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Barzola Choque Carmen Juana
Published: October 2024

El modelo matemático de la calidad del agua es una representación simplificada de la realidad y constituye una herramienta de soporte para conocer a priori los cambios de la calidad química o biológica que ocurre a lo largo de la cuenca de los ríos y útil para la toma de decisiones de las autoridades en la gestión del recurso hídrico y la administración de las empresas prestadoras de servicio de agua potable. El artículo tiene como objetivo una revisión sistemática de los modelos que se han desarrollado para la predicción de la demanda de cloro en aguas. De la revisión se han identificado siete de modelos desarrollados para la estimación de la demanda de cloro, lo que evidencia que es una línea de investigación con oportunidad de explorar. Estos modelos fueron construidos en base a la experimentación en laboratorio, en Planta y en data de estudios anteriores, acompañadas de pruebas de la estimación de la capacidad predictiva del modelo, a excepción de algunos casos. Esta revisión es un aporte al conocimiento de la demanda de cloro, siendo de interés para las empresas prestadoras de servicios y actores en la gestión de recursos hídricos contar con herramientas predictivas sobre fenómenos naturales y antrópicos que ocurren, interactúan y generan contaminación en una cuenca hidrográfica.
PARAPHILIA AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: PREVALENCE AND PATHOGENESIS
Authors:   Internship programme, dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo General Hospital, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Rahman Pramudyo Aula
Published: October 2024

Introduction - Paraphilia disorders are defined as an abnormal intense sexual deviant followed by behaviors to fulfill fierce sexual erotic activities. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder marked by the appearance of a depressed mood, decreased interest, poor cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms including sleep or eating disorders. There is a study about the prevalence of paraphilia in the US, 15,9%. Meanwhile, there is about 6,1% of the prevalence of depressive disorders in Indonesia. According to DSM-5, Paraphilias, and paraphilia-related disorders, depressive disorders are the most frequent comorbid axis I diagnoses with a lifetime prevalence of life by 56%. Based on these case numbers, this study aims to discuss the correlation between these two events. Methods - Researchers used several journals and textbooks discussing the prevalence and pathogenesis of paraphilia and major depressive disorders; and the correlation between these two disorders. Results - Paraphilias are rarely diagnosed in clinical settings because many cases of paraphilia are related to illegal and criminal acts (such as sexual harassment), and reporting methods are unreliable, meanwhile depression is ubiquitous in both high and low-income countries. This shows that any government needs to be aware of the effects of depressive disorders. Those who have not sought treatment are still high, amounting to 87 to 91% of depressive disorders that have not sought treatment. Discuss - There is a significant correlation between paraphilia and major depressive disorder, MDD is one of the paraphilia-related disorders comorbid axis I diagnosis with a lifespan prevalence of 56%. From the pathogenesis, monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin serve a modulatory role in human sexual motivation, appetitive, and consummatory behavior. Conclusion - In pathogenesis, there's a degradation in function, amount, and production of neurotransmitter monoamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that cause the person with paraphilia usually show symptoms such as mood changes, decreased interest, depression, decreased cognitive function, and the appearance of vegetative-related symptoms such as impaired appetite or sleep activity. Keywords: paraphilias, depression, pathogenesis.
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND PERSONALITY
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Andriani Lela Dwi
Published: October 2024

Introduction – Postpartum depression is a psychological problem that occurs in women after giving birth. A study says that about 10-20% of women experience depression. The cause of postpartum depression is not known with certainty. Some studies say psychological factors are one of the causes, therefore researchers use Big Five Personality (conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience, and extraversion) neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience) to help explain the description of personality types in postpartum mothers. This can help health workers in improving health services to mothers. This paper aims to find the relationship of personality with the degree of depression postpartum Methods – study, the source of data obtained from the electronic database used in this review literature uses 4 databases, namely Pubmed, Frontiers, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier which have been published from 2019-2022. Results – The results of this study neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness have a significant association with the occurrence of postpartum depression. Discuss – Neuroticism personality type is also associated with anxiety in women after giving birth, therefore health workers need to learn personality types and conduct routine checks on postpartum mothers to minimize the occurrence of postpartum depression. Conclusion – In the Big Five Personalities personality types neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness can be used as dominant indicators of the occurrence of postpartum depression, while for personality types agreeableness and openness to experience are currently still under further research development. Keywords: personality, depression, postpartum.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Alfathron Bramastian Samudro
Published: October 2024

Introduction – For many young people dealing with mental illness, social media has bas become an important part of their life to dealing with mental illness. Social media is a wide term that refers to mobile platforms and the web that allow people to communicate with one another in a network. Instagram Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, etc are some of the most popular social media platforms among young people. Methods – This paper results from literature that talks about social media and mental health. Results – Social media have a lot of positive content and negative content. Many young people appear to use social media to share their personal experiences, look for information about mental health, and give and get support from others who have similar or same mental health challenges experiences. Discuss – The positive impact of social media will affect young people’s promotion of mental health and awareness about mental health. The positive impact of social media has a benefit where they can find social support about mental health. Social media also can make young people or individuals receive negative peer feedback in social media may have negative consequences for psychological development and well-being. Conclusion – Besides the many positive impacts in social media uses, social media has a lot of negative impacts with the consequences. Negative content such as online harassment, sexting, and cyberbullying will hurt mental health which will cause young people stress, anxiety, and depression. Keywords: social media, mental health, young.
The influence of the weighted average diameter of the ball on the particle size of the final product
Authors: Krutilin A. A. , Potapov F. P. , Inkova N. A. , Pakhomova O. K.
Published: October 2024

Objective. Currently, cement is crushed in mills to a specific surface area of 2500-3000 and 3500-4500 cm2/g or more. Further grinding of clinker sharply worsens the properties of the resulting product. The relevance of the topic is due to the increased interest in reducing material and energy costs in the process of clinker grinding. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of different assortment of grinding media and weighted average ball diameter on the particle size of the final product, performing particle size analysis by particle diffraction. Method. To obtain reliable experimental data, a specially developed model of the grinding unit was used. Analysis of particle size by diffraction or spatial distribution (scattering spectrum) of scattered light was carried out using a laser analyzer. Result. A research methodology has been developed that meets the modern capabilities of experimental technology. Experimental studies have been conducted on clinker grinding in a laboratory mill. The combined effect of different assortments of grinding bodies and the average weighted diameter of the ball on the particle size of the final product has been determined. Conclusion. Studies of the curves of the final product obtained using different weighted average ball diameters have shown that large impact energy is not required to grind small grains; the diameter of the grinding bodies should decrease as the grain size of the material decreases. Therefore, the balls must have a minimum diameter, but sufficient to destroy the particles of the material.
Simulation of creep of a rectangular wooden beam under prolonged static load
Authors: Yazyev B. M. , Xuanzhen Song , Magomedov M. А. , Litvinov S. V. , Kuznetsov V. V.
Published: October 2024

Objective. Depending on the stress level, the operation of wooden beams under prolonged load is characterized by both linear and nonlinear creep. This has been shown by numerous experimental studies of wood. The theoretical description of these processes is poorly studied or presented extremely rarely. One of the priority areas in the calculations of wooden structure elements is the derivation of resolving equations of linear or nonlinear creep for various types of stress-strain state. Method. The Maxwell-Thomson equations are used as relations establishing the relationship between stresses and deformations. The technique was tested by comparing the solution with the calculation of well-known researchers. An example of calculation is given for various boundary conditions for fixing a beam of rectangular crosssection loaded with a uniformly distributed load. The deflection value is determined by the grid method. Result. A program has been developed for calculating in the MATLAB package with the possibility of varying the initial data and displaying a graph of the dependence of displacement, bending moment on time. The comparison of the maximum deflection value with the analytical solution is given. It is noted that the stresses practically do not change during creep. Conclusion. The proposed approach can be applied to the analysis of the stress-strain state and bearing capacity of wooden beams of arbitrary cross-section. There are no restrictions on boundary conditions and loading type, and the beam material can be not only wood, but also fiberglass.
Knowledge refracted. A bibliometric analysis of conspiracy texts on Telegram
Authors: Outreach OCAD/OCAM
Published: October 2024

Because of their narrative complexity and idiosyncratic themes, conspiracy theories on social media might easily be dismissed as all but detached from scientific or political reality. Adding nuance to this view, this paper demonstrates that online conspiracy theories cannot truly be understood in isolation from established systems of communication and (scientific) knowledge production. To this end, we draw on methods from the field of bibliometrics to offer an empirically-informed discussion of how scientific knowledge is used and abused in extreme communities on the messaging platform Telegram. Our analysis thereby surfaces 1) the different types of scientific sources with which politically extreme communities on Telegram engage, 2) the narratives these channels support by in?voking these sources, and 3) the discursive and rhetorical techniques that are used to frame scientific knowledge in light of extreme narratives. Based on these findings, we critically reflect on the societal implications of the connection between scientific knowledge and extreme narratives.
(On)eigen(tijdse) beschouwingen over Griekse tragedie: Tweemaal Smekende vrouwen
Authors: Demoen Kristoffel
Published: October 2024

The title of this paper refers to Nietzsche’s work Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen, more specifically to the second essay, ‘On the Use and Abuse of History for Life’. The opening pages are a reflection on the author’s own reading and teaching of Greek tragedy, not only as an interesting object of study in itself, but also as a vital ancient genre that presents issues of urgent contemporary relevance. As an illustration, two tragedies are discussed in which the ancient ritual/custom of supplication (hiketeia, supplicium) takes centre stage, and that bear the same title: Suppliant Women (Hiketides). Aeschylus’ play reworks the myth of the Danaids seeking asylum in Argos; in Euripides’ play, women from Argos come to Athens requesting help in a conflict with Thebes. Both tragedies stage political leaders struggling, in an all too familiar way, with ethical and political dilemmas posed by the arrival of refugees and by the confrontation with victims of war
‘Translated word-for-word’? Re-examining the relationship between Greek and Roman Republican tragedy
Authors: Payne Matthew
Published: October 2024

This paper provides an overview of some of the issues in reading and researching Roman Republican tragedy, in the light of how these fragmentary texts differ from Ancient Greek tragedies. Not a single Roman Republican tragedy is preserved for us in complete form. They survive to us in a disordered, lacunose, voiceless form, disconnected from the performance context which gave them meaning. And yet we can only ascribe these qualities to the fragments because we know that they once formed a complete play, with a continuous, meaningful text, ordered by a plot and performed a cast of characters embodied and voiced by actors in a theatre at one of Rome’s public festivals. But from the 19th century, serious attempts to restore some of these properties – their order, voicing and meaning in relation to the lost whole – began. Yet finding clues towards such reconstruction was complicated by the disjointedness between the fragments and their contexts. In this paper, examples from Ennius’ works are presented in order to investigate these issues.
Waar is wie ik ben: Plaats en zelfpresentatie in de autobiografische gedichten van Gregorius van Nazianze en Ausonius van Bordeaux
Authors: Clement Mathijs
Published: October 2024

The 4th-century authors Gregory of Nazianze and Ausonius of Bordeaux wrote frequently and extensively about themselves. In the self-presentation of both authors place references play an important, though often overlooked role. Today we commonly denominate Ausonius and Gregory with the names “of Bordeaux” and “of Nazianze”, names that seem to indicate that they were predominantly attached to their city of birth. In this contribution, however, I want to nuance that “local” attachment. By discussing several of Ausonius’ and Gregory’s poems, I will try to show that the self-presentation of both authors is not purely local, but also to a significant extent cosmopolitan. Moreover, I want to indicate that place references in the poetry of both Gregory and Ausonius are not simple factual statements, but rhetorical constructions. This article hopes to unearth the rhetorical nature of these place references and to discuss some examples where the relationship of the author’s self-presentation to place invites further interpretation.
Gender- en seksualiteitsnormen in dialoog vijf van Loukianos’ Hetairengesprekken
Authors: Lanckriet Anne
Published: October 2024

This paper examines how norms regarding gender and sexuality are constructed in the fifth dialogue of Lucian’s Dialogues of the Courtesans. The fifth dialogue is unique within the collection because of its overtly queer content and its explicit references to sex. In the dialogue, a courtesan recalls a sexual encounter with the rich ‘woman’ Megilla. The story takes a turn when Megilla/os expresses that they identify as a man. The text has mainly been studied by using modern terminology, such as ‘butch’ used by Carlà-Uhink (2017: 14) and ‘transvestite’ used by Cantarella (1994: 93), to explain non-normative sexualities, gender identities and expressions. This paper avoids this modern terminology by using Queer Theory to analyse how gender and sexual norms are constructed, reaffirmed, and also reassessed in the text. By specifically looking at the construction of these norms, the terminology that is unavoidably generalising and reductionist is circumvented. This paper rejects the assumption that this dialogue unambiguously reaffirms existing norms by presenting in a dismissive and humoristic manner what happens when these are defied. Instead, the analysis concludes that this dialogue explores the nuances of a wide range of non-normative expressions and questions the strict boundaries of existing norms regarding gender and sexuality
Eros en Mania in Plato’s Symposium en Phaedrus
Authors: Van Wijnendaele Annelies
Published: October 2024

This essay discusses Plato’s views on eros and mania in the Symposium and Phaedrus. The crucial suggestion we make is that there exists some continuity between both dialogues. Nussbaum’s well-known palinode hypothesis, however, claims otherwise. She argues that Plato radically revised his view of mania from the Symposium to the Phaedrus, and now argues that continued mania need not necessarily lead to disease. In our view, however, this hypothesis disregards Plato’s complete aversion for irrationality. Our research question is the following: does Plato use eros and mania in the same way in the Symposium and Phaedrus, or are there differences? If so, on what level? We will argue that the unity between both dialogues lies in the love for the Forms through education, but that we can also observe some ‘transitional differences’, such as for example the role of philia in the Phaedrus
Loukianos - Lachen met de Tweede Sofistiek
Authors: Gyselinck Wannes
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the relationship between the whimsical and witty oeuvre of Lucian and the cultural and literary system, coined 'The Second Sophistic' by Philostratus, in which it was produced. We notice that Lucian's work provoked rather divergent reactions, ranging from admiration (and imitation) to malicious abuse, all depending on the literary values and norms that prevailed in the receiving cultural system. Since a text is never intrinsically 'literary' and is always determined by a complex of norms, traditions, conventions and values, we can equally argue that a comical text is never intrinsically 'comical'. This is particularly relevant for intertextual humour, such as parody, in which the author plays with a literary tradition, genrecodes, and the literary conventions mentioned before. We have to be aware of the 'rules of the game' and the literary standards in the literature of the Second Sophistic, if we want to savour Lucian's literary playfulness, and respond to his work according to his intentions: with anamused, and sometimes gloating smile. In the conclusion of this article the author examines the ideological implications and meaning of Lucian's humour and argues that a 21st century reader might feel particularly well at home in Lucian's comical universe.
Christophoros van Mytilene: Byzantijnse geestigheid
Authors: Bernard Floris
Published: October 2024

Presentation of the 11th century Constantinopolitan writer and official Christopher of Mytilene, illustrated by a representative anthology of his highly original poems, along with a Dutch translation and a succinct commentary.
Alexander, genie of genocide?
Authors: Clarysse Willy
Published: October 2024

In his De virtute Alexandri Plutarchus already raised the question whether the conquests of Alexander were due to his (military) fortune or to his genius. There is no doubt that Alexander was indeed a military genius, who won every single battle in which he took part. But it is far less clear whether he was also a political genius, a man with a vision for humanity, who wanted to unite all peoples into a multicultural world. One has rather the impression that Alexander was more interested in his personal power and glory at the cost of thousands of human lives. At the end of his life, he was estranged from his Macedonian troops and from the Greek cities, and he had also eliminated most of his Persian collaborators. His last plans were not about the overdue organisation of his enormous empire, but about new conquests in Arabia and Carthago.
Toen Manolios zijn ogen opende... De volgorde van werkwoord, object en subject in bijzinnen bij Nikos Kazantzakis
Authors: De Vos Ilse
Published: October 2024

Modern Greek, a language without a fixed constituent order? Must be fairly easy to learn, don’t you think? How many times didn’t we get this reaction since the moment we decided to study not only Ancient, but also Modern Greek. On the falsification of the supposition that Modern Greek is easy to learn once you’ve put enough effort into the language of Herodotus and Thucydides, we won’t waste ink. This slogan however doesn’t apply to the misconception that the constituent order in Modern Greek is free and therefore cannot be analysed. On the contrary. To say it in the words of Helma J.M. Dik: a difference in [constituent] order is presumed to reflect a difference in meaning or function. With this in mind, we examined the order of the verb, object and subject in each subordinate clause we found in Christ Recrucified and Zorba the Greek, two novels written by Nikos Kazantzakis.
De onsterfelijke inspiratie van kennis en leugens: sirenen in Homerus en Apollonius Rhodius
Authors: Klooster Jacqueline
Published: October 2024

This article analyses and compares the motif of the ‘Siren encounter’ in the epic poems of Homer and Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd cent. BCE). After giving a detailed interpretation of the Sirens episode in the Odyssey and discussing its relation to the (Homeric and Hesiodic) Muses, the author shows how Apollonius used, adapted and expanded the information he found in Homer. Moreover, another episode, the Argonauts’ encounter with the Libyan Heroessai, is taken into account to illustrate how Apollonius ‘turns the story of the Homeric Sirens inside out’. That is to say: he precisely reverses the characteristics of the Homeric Sirens, and in an episode closely recalling the Homeric encounter of Odysseus and the Sirens, describes the Heroessai as saving deities instead of fatal creatures.
Yannis Ritsos (1909-1990) en zijn poëzie
Authors: Demoen Guido
Published: October 2024

The author presents the life and the poetical evolution of Yannis Ritsos. The paper is illustrated with numerous samples (fragments andcomplete poems) from Ritsos' oeuvre, ranging from his first published collection (1934) to the posthumous edition by his daughter Eri (1991).
"Uw vaste partner in archiefvernietiging?" Notities over oude talen, Oudheid en Nachleben
Authors: Devoldere Luc
Published: October 2024

Nietzsche vituperated the indecent haste in education. That was more then 130 years ago. "Tradition means giving votes to the most obscure of all classes, our ancestors. It is the democracy of the dead. Tradition refuses to submit to the small and arrogant oligarchy of those who just happen to be walking about. All democrats object to men being disqualified by the accident of their birth; tradition objects to their being disqualified by the accident of their death." Inspired by these words by Chesterton this article inquires the state of ʻclassicalʼ studies today. The historian Moses Finley wrote in 1968 these profound lines about a desperately foreign Antiquity: "All art is a dialogue. So is all interest in the past. And one of the parties lives and comprehends in a contemporary way. It seems also to be inherent in human existence to turn and return to the past (much as powerful voices may urge us to give it up). The more precisely we listen and the more we become aware of its pastness, even of its near-inaccessability, the more meaningful the dialogue becomes. In the end, it can only be a dialogue in the present, about the present." Antiquity is indeed interesting because it's foreign to us. That makes it an inspiring elsewhere. Let's beware of a consumable, easy understandable Antiquity. The French historian Paul Veyne thinks that in each generation a handful of scholars will suffice to keep up knowledge, to transmit and comment Antiquity. Is he right? I fear not.
In de voetsporen van Eurycleia en Phoenix: De rol en historische achtergrond van voedsters en 'paidagogoi' in de Attische tragedies uit de 5de eeuw v.C.
Authors: Deene Marloes
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author examines the importance and extraordinary role of slave nurses (τροφοί) and tutors (παιδαγωγοί) as confidents with authority in fifth-century Attic tragedy. Special attention is paid to the different elements that have affected these writings, in particular the historical context, the preceding mythological and epic tradition, and the prevailing social phenomena and influential intellectual trends in fifth-century Athens.
Eerst effe gonepse en dan gaan we psonisse: Aantekeningen bij een Grieks-Hollands mengtaaltje
Authors: Janse Mark
Published: October 2024

This paper presents some preliminary observations on a Dutch-Greek mixed jargon spoken by three Dutch travel guides who have been living in Greece for more than twenty-five years. All three are fluent in both Standard Modern Dutch and Standard Modern Greek. In informal situations, however, they speak a very low variety of Dutch mixed with Greek words, particularly nouns and verbs. These are fully integrated in the Dutch inflectional system and are pronounced in the same way the Dutch words are. Some of the more remarkable features are discussed, such as the use of nominative forms for oblique cases and vice versa and the use of perfective (aorist) rather than imperfective (present) stems as the basis for the borrowing of Greek verbs into the Dutch matrix language.
Modernisme en het vrije vers in de ‘muzikale’ gedichten van Giannis Ritsos
Authors: Léger Anneleen
Published: October 2024

This article studies the poems by Giannis Ritsos, written in the period of 19371942, that bear a musical title. It attempts to examine their role in the evolution of the poet from a traditional towards a modernist poetics. This evolution is evidenced by the presence of a series of modernist techniques that Western European and Modern Greek modernism have in common. As an example, two of these ‘musical’ poems are analyzed in detail. In both cases, moreover, attention is paid to another important factor related to Ritsos’ poetic reorientation: the abandonment of traditional verse in favor of free verse, accompanied by the appearance of musical titles as an indicator of the technique of synesthesia.
Epilepsie in Sofokles' Filoktetes
Authors: Mouvet Kimberley
Published: October 2024

Philoctetes is not a very well known figure in Greek mythology. Nevertheless, he plays an important part in several mythical stories, such as the death of Hercules and the Trojan war. It is his part in the latter that is of interest in this article. During the crossing to Troy the man is injured by a divine snake which guards the temple of Chryse. His unremitting cries of pain and the stench from the wound cause the Greek leaders to leave Philoctetes behind on the isle of Lemnos. After nine years of unsuccessful war against Troy, however, it is prophesied that only Philoctetes and his mighty bow, together with the son of Achilles, Neoptolemus, can sack the city. This particular part of the Trojan cycle has been the subject of no less than three tragedies. This article focuses on the tragedy as it was written by Sophocles. After an outline of the play and some possible interpretations of Sophocles’ choices, I investigate whether the playwright based his description of Philoctetes’ illness on an actual disease, namely epilepsy, and what the consequences of such a decision could have been. For the sake of completeness, a number of other diagnoses that have been suggested are also put forward.
De invloed van het Frans op het Nieuwgrieks
Authors: Tiebout Miet
Published: October 2024

This article treats the influence of French on Modern Greek. Initially it discusses the cultural, social and historical context of loanwords. Then it passes on to the theoretical frame of borrowing and makes the distinction between loanwords, loanblends and loanshifts. The category of loanshifts is further divided into morphological and semantical loanshifts. Every term is illustrated with examples of French loanwords in Modern Greek. The article also contains a detailed analysis of both a morphological and a semantic loanshift in Modern Greek in order to illustrate this particular process of borrowing.
Een woord rood verven: Hölderlin en de vertaling van Sophokles’ 'Antigone'
Authors: Hertmans Stefan
Published: October 2024

The radical quality of Friedrich Hölderlin’s translations of Sophocles’ plays Oedipus Rex and Antigone, combined with a number of obvious mistakes on his part, kept his contemporaries from appreciating those instances where his translation was not only etymologically correct, but even prescient in its expressive highlighting of implicit meanings, for instance concerning the concept of deinon. The hypertrophic Wende that Hölderlin later elaborated in his Anmerkungen zur Antigonä not only influenced Nietzsches Birth of the Tragedy, but was also profoundly commented upon by Heidegger and thus became exemplary for the dark ontology that the Aufklärung dialectically concocted.
Homerische vergelijkingen in de 'Posthomerica' van Quintus Smyrnaeus
Authors: Scheijnen Tine
Published: October 2024

Presumably in the 3th century, Quintus Smyrnaeus wrote his Greek epic poem Posthomerica, in which he treats the events at the end of the Trojan war. Thus filling in the gap between Iliad and Odyssey using a very Homer-like language and style, this author has often been considered an insignificant imitator of the master. However, when one takes a closer look at the narrative techniques hat Quintus uses, he appears to deliberately adapt the Homeric style to his own purposes. Using intertextual references to Homer (and probably later sources as well), Quintus remodels the ancient epic story to express his own, unhomeric view on the legendary war. This article deals with the use of Homeric similes to attain this objective.
Enkele hoogtepunten uit de Griekse sterrenkunde
Authors: Waelkens Christoffel
Published: October 2024

It is well known that ancient Greek astronomers reached unprecedented heights in their knowledge about celestial bodies, but less so how they achieved their remarkable results. Especially the ways in which Aristarchus came to a heliocentric world view and how Hipparchus determined the precession of the equinoxes, demonstrate astonishing intellectual skills. A striking fact is that Greek science flourished during the Hellenistic era, a time of economic welfare and international commerce, somewhat similar to our situation today.
Van Pythagoras tot Euclides: Van bewijzen om te bekijken naar bewijzen om over na te denken
Authors: Van Bendegem Jean Paul
Published: October 2024

Greek mathematics between the period marked at one end by Pythagoras and Euclid at the other, underwent a major change as far as mathematical proof is concerned. From a concept of ‘proof by looking’, based on a direct inspection of a given geometrical figure, slowly emerged the idea of a proof by contradiction, the so-called reductio ad absurdum, where representation plays a minor role and a higher level of abstract thinking is introduced. This transition is still relevant today and, in particular, it is a powerful method for proofs of the existence of God.
Muski, Phrygiërs en koning Midas
Authors: Meesters Renaat
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is to discuss the thesis that the Muski and the Phrygians are the same people and that king Midas is identical to king Mita. The Muski are known only from Iron Age Assyrian chronicles. The oldest documents concerning the Muski show that they lived in northern Mesopotamia around 1165 BC.They flourished under the reign of Sargon II in the late 8th century BC, when their king Mita undertook military campaigns in the region of Neo-Hittite Tabal and Que. The Phrygians, in turn, find their origin in the Balkan. After their migration to Asia, possibly recorded in archaeology, they can be found as easterly as Hattuša and Tuwana. From an inscription of Midas City we know that Midas must be dated in the same period as Mita. It is remarkable that archaeology places the Phrygians in the same region where the Muski are located according to Assyrian documents. It would be strange that the Assyrians knew about the Muski, but were unaware of the Phrygians. Therefore, it can be argued that the Muski and the Phrygians were actually the same people. If this hypothesis is correct, then they possibly intermixed at some point in history, perhaps around the period of Mita/ Midas. Nevertheless, due to the fragmentary state of the sources, a lot of uncertainty and speculation remains.
Vissen in dezelfde vijver: De relatie tussen de cultus van Atargatis en het vroege christendom volgens Franz Cumont en Alfred Loisy
Authors: Lannoy Annelies
Published: October 2024

Early Christianity’s relation to the pagan mystery cults was one of the most debated questions in early 20th century comparative history of religions. The Belgian historian of religions Franz Cumont was a pioneer of the scientific study of the pagan religions orientales. Many of his publications fuelled the ongoing debates, through the many similarities they suggested between these religions and Christianity, but in his published work Cumont chose to express his opinion on the matter only indirectly. In his private correspondence, however, he did explain his views. In this respect, his correspondence with the French historian of religions and excommunicated Catholic priest Alfred Loisy is one of the most interesting sources. This paper provides insight in Cumont’s and Loisy’s thought through a case study related to the cult of Atargatis. It pays great attention to the scientific and religious context of the late 19th- and early 20th-century debates, which were heavily ideologically charged.