bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balanço patrimonial (2022/2021) do Governo Federal: análises com suporte da teoria da divulgação
Authors: Da Silva Mauricio Corrêa , De Oliveira Edmilson Jovino
Published: October 2023

O Balanço Patrimonial composto de Ativo, Passivo e Patrimônio Líquido/Saldo Patrimonial deve evidenciar: no Ativo todos os bens, valores e créditos e no Passivo todas as obrigações das entidades públicas. No caso do Passivo (Exigibilidades) deverão constar os valores da Dívidas Flutuantes e Fundada e outras (estoque de precatórios; precatórios judiciais emitidos antes de 5 de maio de 2000; passivo atuarial; depósitos judiciais; dívidas contratuais de parcerias público-privada; antecipação de receita orçamentária etc.). Esta investigação tem o objetivo de evidenciar se existem inconsistências contábeis no Balanço Patrimonial do Governo Federal, nos anos de 2022 e 2021, com o suporte da Teoria da Divulgação. Os dados foram extraídos dos portais de transparência do Governo Federal e do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). Foi utilizado o método indutivo. Os resultados revelaram a existência de inconsistências contábeis nos Balanços Patrimoniais dos anos de 2022 e 2021 do Governo Federal: não foram registradas todas as operações de que resultem débitos e créditos de natureza financeira, não compreendidas na execução orçamentária (precatórios); o Ativo e o Passivo dos anos de 2022 e 2021 não representam a situação financeira e patrimonial, haja vista que foram encontradas divergências de valores entre os demonstrativos e também com o divulgado no SICONFI; o Quadro de Ativos e Passivos Financeiros e Permanentes do ano de 2021 divulgado no SICONFI está com valores distorcidos. Os achados sinalizam que existe a necessidade da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) rever as instruções para a elaboração do Balanço Patrimonial. Além de avançar na literatura contábil aplicada ao setor público brasileiro com as contribuições, o estudo contribui do ponto de vista social para minimizar a assimetria informacional e serve como controle social.
Treatment Outcome of Cervical Cancer Patients in the Elderly Population Aged 80 Years and Above: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Mahani Anmol , Gupta Meenu , Mushtaq Enas , Kumar Viney , Nautiyal Vipul , Kant Ravi , Saini Sunil
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Age-related deficits such as malnutrition, functional reliance, and cognitive decline also occur in older women, as they are typically weaker and have many co-morbid conditions like diabetes or cardiac illness. These prognostic factors might predict overall survival and progression-free survival. Aim: To analyse the management outcomes of elderly patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Medical records were collected from 876 patients with cervical cancer who had been treated with radiotherapy or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy from January 2009 to December 2021. A total of 876 patients presented with cervical cancer in the Outpatient Department (OPD), and 20 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, Federation International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB to IVA, aged equal to or greater than 80 years old, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status I to III were considered for inclusion. Categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. The following clinicopathological characteristics of the study population were examined: FIGO staging, including stage IB to stage IVA, histopathological features of adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma, doses of radiotherapy and brachytherapy, overall survival, disease-free survival, and the patient’s current status (alive or dead) was determined. If death occurred, the cause of death was determined. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to analyse overall survival and disease-free survival in the study population using XLSTAT statistical software. Results: The study population was age standardised, with 18 patients (90%) falling between the ages of 80 and 85, and 2 patients (10%) falling between the ages of 86 and 90. A total of 12 patients (60%) belonged to ECOG PS II. A total of 19 (95%) patients had histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. 75% of the population was in a locally advanced stage (stage III-IVA). The overall survival (in months) was 65.58 months, which was statistically significant (p<0.0083). Similarly, the average disease-free interval was 38.73 months, which was also significant (p<0.0062). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, age may not be an independent risk factor for determining the outcome of cervical cancer patients in the Indian scenario. Even though elderly females may present with multiple co-morbidities, the standard treatment protocol must be radical.
Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes under RNTCP in a Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu, India: A Prospective Cohort StudyTreatment Outcome of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes under RNTCP in a Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu, India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parameshwari P , . Sanjai , . Niveditha , . Preetha , Jennifer H Gladius , Durai Latha
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Diabetes increases the risk of Tuberculosis (TB) by three times, and this bidirectional association is currently one of the major concerns. A stronger evidence base is required to clarify the impact of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on the treatment outcome of TB. Aim: To compare the treatment outcome among diabetic and non diabetic patients on Category-I TB treatment based on the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). Also, to assess the various factors influencing the treatment outcome of TB among diabetic patients. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 75 newly diagnosed TB patients enrolled for Category-I treatment Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, between October 2018 to November 2019. All patients with TB underwent blood glucose screening at treatment initiation and were categorised into two groups: with diabetes and without diabetes. Demographic details, family history of DM, smoking, alcohol consumption, and clinical profile were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and followed-up for six months to assess their treatment outcome. The treatment outcome was compared statistically based on diabetes status using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the study population was 49.9±0.5 years, with the majority being male 56 (74.7%). More than half of the study population belonged to a low socio-economic status. Among the study population, 42 (56%) were diabetic, with a mean blood glucose level of 242.7±80.5 mg/dL. Eighty-two percent had Pulmonary TB, with a 68% smear positivity rate among diabetic patients. In terms of treatment outcome, 44 (58.7%) were cured, 15 (20%) completed treatment, 10 (13.3%) were lost to followup, and 6 (8%) expired during the treatment course. Conclusion: Smear positivity and pulmonary TB were predominant among patients with diabetes. Treatment completion was lower, and mortality was higher among diabetic patients with TB.
Development and Standardisation of a Livelihood Security Scale to Assess the Success of a Youth-Based Project
Authors: Rajesh C. M.  , Suresha S. V.  , Raghuprasad K. P.  , Siddayya
Published: October 2023

An attempt was made in the present study to develop a standardized scale to analyses the livelihood security of of youth beneficiaries under ARYA project. The livelihood security scale consists of Eight dimensions viz., economic security, health security, migration component, social security, ecological security, psychological security, food security, and physical security and the scale was considered highly reliable and valid. The livelihood scale consists of 46 statements were administered to 32 youth beneficiaries under ARYA project in Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Papparappaty in the state of Tamil Nadu during 2022-2023. It is found thatyouths have been spread over better to average (75.00 %) level of livelihood category followed by poor livelihood category (25.00 %).
Constraints Perceived by the Members of FPOs in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Patel Rajeev Ranjan , Mishra B. P. , Gupta B. K. , Mishra Dheeraj , Shukla Gaurav , Kalia Abhishek , Ojha Pankaj Kumar , Verma Arjun P,
Published: October 2023

The study was conducted in 2023 with the aim of finding out the constraints perceived by members of FPOs in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh. The Varanasi district was purposively selected for the study, focusing on FPOs with more than 5 years of existence. Among the 29 registered FPOs in the district, only four FPOs met this criterion, namely; Kashi Vishwanath Farmer Producer Company Limited (KVFPCL), Rameshwar Farmer Producer Company Limited (RFPCL), Shivansh Krishak Producer Company Limited (SKPCL), and Jayapur Seed Producer Company Limited (JSPCL). The stratified random sampling method was used with proportional allocation. 35 respondents were selected from KVFPCL and RFPCL, while 25 from JSPCL, and 55 from SKPCL were selected proportionally to make the sample size of 150 respondents., ensuring a representative and comprehensive sampling approach across these four FPOs. The statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using the Henry Garrett ranking technique. The results revealed four types of constraints perceived by the members of FPOs. In technical constraints, underdeveloped storage facilities ranked first with a GRS of 78.05, and underdeveloped processing facilities ranked second with a GRS of 70.44. In labour and economic constraints, the lack of skilled labour in harvesting and processing secured the first rank with a GRS of 73.12, while the shortage of labour during harvesting ranked second with a GRS of 62.69. Regarding marketing constraints, the fluctuation of prices every year came in first with a GRS of 65.24, and low produce prices ranked second with a GRS of 62.55. Lastly, in organizational and financial constraints, the lack of proper infrastructure claimed the first rank with a GRS of 62.67, while the absence of connections with financial institutions ranked second with a GRS of 49.36.These insights provide valuable guidance for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of FPOs in the region and similar contexts.
Saving in Presence of Volatilities in Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Devaluation
Authors: Umoru David , Tedunjaiye Oluwatoyin Dorcas
Published: October 2023

Many developing countries have rationalized their economies in response to the liberalization of financial markets giving renewed concerns to the role of exchange rate management and interest rate deregulation. The study examined the effects of interest rate volatility and exchange rate devaluation on aggregate savings in ECOWAS using a panel group of grouped means (PMG) estimator. The study also applied GARCH/ARCH (1,1) models to ascertain volatility in interest rates amongst the countries. In Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Guinea, Ghana, Niger, Senegal, and Togo, holding bank savings accounts in form of demand and time deposits serves as a buffer to higher volatility in interest rates. This could be informed by increase in yearly percentage yield on a certificate of deposits for savings account holders. In Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Republic of Benin, holding bank savings accounts in form of demand and time deposits because of higher volatility in interest rate is not a buffer compared to the acquisition of stocks and securities. Further finding from the study is that exchange rate devaluation had a negative drift on aggregate savings in all countries except Niger. This was attributed to undeveloped export sectors in these countries.
Membrane Stabilization, PhospholipaseA2, Albumin Denaturation, Protease Inhibition, as Viable Mechanisms for the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel Leaves
Authors: Celestine Ugwu Obiora , Keneolisa Asogwa Felix , Chigozie Ukpabi-Ugo Jacinta , Lilian Asadu Chidimma , Jude Ali Ibeabuchi , Maduabuchi Okonkwo Raymond , Ifeanyi Ugwoke Faith , Ogbonna Offiah Raymond , Emmanuel Obasi Uchenna , Assumpta Anosike Chioma
Published: October 2023

Background: The body uses inflammation as a defence mechanism to eliminate harmful stimuli like germs, damaged cells, or irritants and to initiate the healing process. However, the ongoing discovery of several medicinal plants and the testing of their bioactivity to produce information that will assist doctors and patients in making informed decisions prior to employing them have established.

Aims: The study valuate the phosphatelipase A2, membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, protease inhibition, and platelete aggregation activities as viable mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel leaf (MERVL).

Methodology: The anti-inflammatory effect of (MERVL) was ascertained using the phosphate lipaseA2, membrane stabilization model, albumin denaturation, protease inhibitor, assay.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pharmacology Lab, Enugu State of University of Science and Technology Agbani Nigeria, between March 2021 and August 2021.

Results: MERVL inhibited hypotonicity-induced haemolysis by 27.14, 41.10 and 65.70%, at the concentration of 0.4, 0.8 and, 1.0 mg/mL respectively.The highest percentage of inhibition (67.70%) was noticed at the highest concentration of the MERVL. These results were almost analogous to the standard drug (indometacin) used as it exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation. Protease activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at all concentrations which follow the similar tendency as standard drug used. The results showed that MERVL has anti-inflammatory activities.
Comparative Study of the Impact of Saline Water Irrigation on Tomato Yield, Quality and Growth in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Sujatha Gayam , Kanth B. Krishna , Sinha Jitendra , Kalyani M. Sushma , Lakshmi T. Vijaya , Srinu M.
Published: October 2023

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belonging to the family Solanaceae, is one of the most important, popular, nutritious, and palatable vegetables grown in Andhra Pradesh. It plays a vital role in providing a remarkable quantity of vitamin-A and vitamin-C in human diet. Tomato is cultivated all over Andhra Pradesh due to its adaptability to wide range of soil and climate. Saline water resources are abundant in the most areas of India. Most of these resources still have not been effectively utilized. The present investigation was conducted on the effects of saline water irrigation on tomato yield, quality and growth at the Research Farm, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Saline water differing in Electrical Conductivity (EC) 6ds/m and 4ds/m was supplied to the plant after the seedlings. The objective of this work is to compare the effect of tomato crop under drip irrigation by three different treatments. First treatment is of fresh water under drip irrigation. Second treatment is of Nacl+water with an EC of 6ds/m under controlled irrigation in the ratio 2.5:7.5. Third treatment is of Nacl+water with an EC of 4ds/m under controlled irrigation in the ratio 1.5:8.5 of the tomato variety Pusa F1 hybrid is used for the experiment. Growth of crop includes plant height, number of fruits, number of leaves, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight. The healthy growth that is 69.4cm plant height, 26 leaves per plant, 34 fruits per plant, 7.8 cm fruit length, 5.4 cm diameter of fruit and 89.4 g of average fruit weight and maximum score (4.86 out of 5) in organoleptic test were obtained in (T-1) i. e. drip irrigation. Although salinized tomato fruits were smaller than non-salinized control fruits, they have increased soluble solids, high sugar content, which all are highly requested qualities by the processing tomato industry. Current research concludes that the fresh water irrigation T-1 recorded the high-water use efficiency and saline water irrigation treatments (T2&T3) having less water use efficiency may be due to the plants suffering with more soil moisture stress due to osmotic pressure build up by the saline water irrigation.
Response of Graded Fertility Levels and Zinc Application Method with and without Farm Yard Manure on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Soil under Rice Crop
Authors: Kumar Umesh , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Neeraj , Yadav Rishikesh , Pandey Pragati , Kumar Suneel , Samota Rajesh , Maurya Abhishek
Published: October 2023

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022 at Student’s Instructional farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments. The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: 100% RDF (150, 60, 40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), T3: 100% RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application, T4: 100% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage, T5: 100% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage, T6: 75% RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application, T7: 75% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage, T8: 75% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage, T9: 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage and T10: 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application. The application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application has non-significantly effect on Bulk density, pH, Electrical Conductivity of soil after harvest of rice crop. The application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application has significantly influenced Organic carbon, Available N, P, K and Zn in soil.
Effect of Soil Composition on Heavy Metal Uptake and Distribution in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Memić Senad , Bektić Sanida , Huseinović Samira
Published: October 2023

Soil contamination with heavy metals is becoming an increasingly global issue, as elevated levels of heavy metals exceeding regulatory limits are diminishing agricultural productivity and consequently endangering human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess the seasonal dynamics, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in the organs of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) depending on soil content. The heavy metal content in soil and white clover samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the analyzed soil was significantly contaminated with Cu and Zn in the industrial zone (GS) and with Pb near the urban landfill (D3). The content of heavy metals in white clover varied depending on the location and season. It is evident that white clover accumulated certain metals in its roots and leaves during spring, summer, and autumn, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. The analysis results indicated that Fe was the predominant element in white clover roots, while Zn and Fe were most abundant in the leaves. Values of BCF >1 and TF >1 for Zn suggest that white clover is a potential accumulator of this heavy metal.
Impact of Betel Leaf Farming on Livelihood and Income Generation in Some Selected Areas of the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahfuza Eshrat Jahan , Ahamed Md. Shishir , Hassan Md. Fuad
Published: October 2023

Betel leaf is popularly known as “paan’’ in Bangladesh. As income and livelihood are greatly impacted by the different production practices, the goal of this study was to determine betel leaf farming's impact on livelihood and income generation in some areas of the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. A total of 108 farmers were randomly selected from three Upazilas (Bagmara, Durgapur, and Mohanpur Upazila) of the Rajshahi district using a multistage sampling technique.  Primary data were collected through a face-to-face survey during the month of December 2021. The CARE livelihood approach was carried out to determine the impact of betel leaf farming on livelihood. To better understand the livelihood and income status of the respondent, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and different observation techniques were employed. The results of the study showed that as a cash crop, the continual production of betel leaves throughout the year ensures a minimum level of return to most of the farmers, and a large group of people directly earned their livelihood through it. In addition, it was revealed that about 77% of the farmers thought that they had a better living standard due to the betel leaf production though 17% were of the opinion that there were no changes in their living standard. Inadequate capital, market risks, production risks, institutional risks, human risks, and financial risks were the main problems and constraints of betel leaf farming in the study area. Finally based on the results, significant policy recommendations were given regarding betel leaf farming in Bangladesh.
Venous Thromboembolism After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Khan Rabia , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Tang Furong , Im James H. B. , Widdifield Jessica , McCurdy Jeffrey D. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Benchimol Eric I.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and COVID-19 are independently associated with venous thromboembolisms (VTEs).

Objective

To determine if individuals with IMIDs are at higher risk of VTE following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without IMIDs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Population-based matched cohort study using multiple deterministically linked health administrative databases from Ontario, Canada, and including patients testing positive for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, and followed up until March 31, 2022. Individuals with IMIDs (n = 28 440) who tested positive for COVID-19 were matched with up to 5 individuals without an IMID (n = 126 437) who tested positive for COVID-19. Matching was based on year of birth, sex, neighborhood income, and rural/urban residence. Data analysis was performed from August 6, 2022, to August 21, 2023.

Exposure

Diagnosis of an IMID, identified using algorithms based on diagnostic codes, procedures, and specialist visits.

Main Outcome and Measure

The main outcome was estimated age- and sex-standardized incidence of VTE. Proportional cause-specific hazard models compared the risk of VTE in people with and without IMIDs. Death was a competing risk. Models adjusted for history of VTE, 2 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine 14 or more days prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Routinely collected health data were used, so the hypothesis tested was formulated after data collection but prior to being granted access to data.

Results

The study included 28 440 individuals (16 741 [58.9%] female; 11 699 [41.1%] male) with an IMID diagnosed prior to first COVID-19 diagnosis, with a mean (SD) age of 52.1 (18.8) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. These individuals were matched to 126 437 controls without IMIDs. The incidence of VTE within 6 months of COVID-19 diagnosis among 28 440 individuals with an IMID was 2.64 (95% CI, 2.23-3.10) per 100 000 person-days compared with 2.18 (95% CI, 1.99-2.38) per 100 000 person-days among 126 437 matched individuals without IMIDs. The VTE risk was not statistically significantly different among those with vs without IMIDs (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95-1.32).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective population-based cohort study of individuals with IMIDs following COVID-19, individuals with IMIDs did not have a higher risk of VTE compared with individuals without an IMID. These data provide reassurance to clinicians caring for individuals with IMIDs and COVID-19.
Using Child Abuse Specialists to Reduce Unnecessary Child Protective Services Reports and Investigations
Authors: Raz Mical , Gupta-Kagan Josh , Asnes Andrea G.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint informs clinicians of the potential harms of unnecessary reporting of child abuse and highlights the possibility of consulting a child abuse pediatrician prior to reporting in a subset of cases in which the concern for child abuse is low.
Designed Synthesis of Cu2O Quantum Dots/TiO2 Nanotubes Heterostructure as a Photocatalyst for Converting CO2 to CH4
Authors: Yuan Binxia , Qian Hong , Cao Lan , Zhu Rui , Luan Weiling
Published: October 2023

Herein, H+ in oxalic acid is used instead of Na+ to obtain titanate nanosheets through P200 hydrolysis, which further curls to form a multilayer TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) structure. Then, Cu2O quantum dots (QDs) are successfully loaded on TiO2 NTs via a hydrothermal method using fructose as a reducing agent. The optical, impedance, and photocurrent tests indicate that the composite structure improves its optoelectronic performance. The photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction efficiency of Cu2O QDs/TiO2 NTs are lower than those of TiO2 NTs. However, the molar ratio of CH4 to CO produced by CO2 reduction of Cu2O QDs/TiO2 NTs composite catalyst is greater than that of pure TiO2 NTs. The CH4 production accounts for 97%, indicating that the composite catalyst has a high CH4 selectivity. The experimental and density functional theory calculation results prove that the Z‐scheme heterojunction accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, and broadens the absorption range of visible light.
Open‐Cell Robust COF‐Nanowire Network Sponges as Sustainable Adsorbent and Filter
Authors: Ding Chenhui , Du Yingying , Agarwal Seema
Published: October 2023

Constructing crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COF) robust 3D reusable macroscopic objects exposing more adsorption sites with high water flux for use as a filter is an unresolved challenge. A simple scalable procedure is shown for making a robust, highly compressible 3D crystalline COF nanowire interconnected porous open‐cell sponge. The compressive strength and Young's modulus (80% strain) of the sponge are 175 and 238 kPa, respectively. The sponge can withstand multiple compression‐release cycles and a load of 2800 times its weight without collapsing. As an exemplary application, the use of a COF sponge in the selective removal and separation of cationic model dye from a mixture of dyes in water by adsorption and filtration with >99% efficiency is shown. Depending on the dye concentration, the dye removal time can be as short as 2 min, and dye adsorption efficiency can be as high as 653 mg g−1 (COF in the sponge). During filtration, the sponges as filters show a high water flux of 2355 L h−1 m−2 under ambient conditions and maintain their performance for many cycles. The lightweight, reusability, and efficiency make present sponges sustainable materials as adsorbents and filters.
4‐Axis 3D‐Printed Tubular Biomaterials Imitating the Anisotropic Nanofiber Orientation of Porcine Aortae
Authors: Lackner Florian , Šurina Paola , Fink Julia , Kotzbeck Petra , Kolb Dagmar , Stana Jan , Grab Maximilian , Hagl Christian , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Mohan Tamilselvan , Stana Kleinschek Karin , Kargl Rupert
Published: October 2023

Many of the peculiar properties of the vasculature are related to the arrangement of anisotropic proteinaceous fibers in vessel walls. Understanding and imitating these arrangements can potentially lead to new therapies for cardiovascular diseases. These can be pre‐surgical planning, for which patient‐specific ex vivo anatomical models for endograft testing are of interest. Alternatively, therapies can be based on tissue engineering, for which degradable in vitro cell growth substrates are used to culture replacement parts. In both cases, materials are desirable that imitate the biophysical properties of vessels, including their tubular shapes and compliance. This work contributes to these demands by offering methods for the manufacturing of anisotropic 3D‐printed nanofibrous tubular structures that have similar biophysical properties as porcine aortae, that are biocompatible, and that allow for controlled nutrient diffusion. Tubes of various sizes with axial, radial, or alternating nanofiber orientation along the blood flow direction are manufactured by a customized method. Blood pressure‐resistant, compliant, stable, and cell culture‐compatible structures are obtained, that can be degraded in vitro on demand. It is suggested that these healthcare materials can contribute to the next generation of cardiovascular therapies of ex vivo pre‐surgical planning or in vitro cell culture.
Association of the Timing of Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Insular Involvement With the Risk of Embolic Events After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tokunaga Keisuke , Toyoda Kazunori , Kimura Shunsuke , Minematsu Kazuo , Yasaka Masahiro , Okada Yasushi , Yoshimura Sohei , Koga Masatoshi ,   the SAMURAI‐NVAF and RELAXED investigators
Published: October 2023

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) detected after insular stroke might arise from autonomic and inflammatory mechanisms triggered by insular damage, and be associated with a low embolic risk. We assessed the association of the timing of AF detection and insular involvement with the risk of embolic events after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

Acute ischemic stroke patients with AF who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at baseline were enrolled. Patients were classified according to the timing of AF detection (AF detected after stroke [AFDAS] or known AF [KAF]) and insular involvement. The primary outcome was embolic events defined as recurrent ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism within 90 days.

Results

Of 1,548 patients, 360 had AFDAS with insular cortex lesions (+I), 409 had AFDAS without insular cortex lesions (−I), 349 had KAF+I, and 430 had KAF−I. Cumulative incidence rates of embolic events at 90 days in patients with AFDAS+I, AFDAS−I, KAF+I, and KAF−I were 0.8%, 3.5%, 4.9%, and 3.3%, respectively. Patients with AFDAS−I (adjusted hazard ratio 5.04, 95% confidence interval 1.43–17.75), KAF+I (6.18, 1.78–21.46), and KAF−I (5.26, 1.48–18.69) had a significantly higher risk of embolic events than those with AFDAS+I.

Interpretation

Acute ischemic stroke patients with AFDAS and insular cortex lesions had a lower risk of embolic events than those who had AFDAS without insular cortex lesions or those with KAF, regardless of insular involvement. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:338–346
Stabilization of Guest Molecules inside Cation‐Lidded Cucurbiturils Reveals that Hydration of Receptor Sites Can Impede Binding
Authors: He Suhang , Huang Bing , Xiao Bohuai , Chang Shuai , Podalko Marina , Nau Werner M.
Published: October 2023

Docking of alkali metal ions to water‐soluble macrocyclic receptors generally reduces the affinity of guest molecules due to competitive binding. The idea that solvation water molecules could display a larger steric hindrance towards guest binding than cations has not been considered to date. We show that the docking of large cations to cucurbit[5]uril (CB5) unexpectedly increases (by a factor of 5–8) the binding of hydrophobic guests, methane and ethane. This is due to the removal of water molecules from the carbonyl portals of CB5 during cation binding, which frees up space for hydrophobe encapsulation. In contrast, smaller cations like sodium protrude deeply into the cavity of CB5 and cause the expected decrease in binding, such that the rational selection of alkali cations allows for a variation of up to a factor of 20 in binding of methane and ethane. The statistical analysis of crystallographic data shows that the cavity volume of CB5 can be enlarged by placing large alkali ions (Rb+ and Cs+) centro‐symmetrically at the portals. The results reveal a hitherto elusive steric hindrance of solvation water molecules near receptor binding sites, which is pertinent for the design of supramolecular catalysts and the understanding of biological receptors.
Correlating the Solvating Power of Solvents with the Strength of Ion‐Dipole Interaction in Electrolytes of Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Kean , Shen Xiaohui , Luo Laibing , Chen Hui , Cao Ruoyu , Feng Xiangming , Chen Weihua , Fang Yongjin , Cao Yuliang
Published: October 2023

The solvation structure of Li+ plays a significant role in determining the physicochemical properties of electrolytes. However, to date, there is still no clear definition of the solvating power of different electrolyte solvents, and even the solvents that preferentially participate in the solvation structure remain controversial. In this study, we comprehensively discuss the solvating power and solvation process of Li+ ions using both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. Our findings reveal that the solvating power is dependent on the strength of the Li+‐solvent (ion‐dipole) interaction. Additionally, we uncover that the anions tend to enter the solvation sheath in most electrolyte systems through Li+‐anion (ion‐ion) interaction, which is weakened by the shielding effect of solvents. The competition between the Li+‐solvent and Li+‐anion interactions ultimately determines the final solvation structures. This insight into the fundamental understanding of the solvation structure of Li+ provides inspiration for the design of multifunctional mixed‐solvent electrolytes for advanced batteries.
A Lewis Acid‐Base Pair Catalyzed Dearomative Transformation of Unprotected Indoles via B−H Bond Activation
Authors: Nad Pinaki , Mukherjee Arup
Published: October 2023

A sustainable and metal‐free protocol has been described for the reduction of unprotected indoles. The catalytic system consists of B(C6F5)3 and THF as a Lewis acid‐base pair that can activate the B−H bond of pincolborane (HBpin). The catalytic system encompasses a broad substrate scope. Control experiments were conducted to understand the possible catalytic intermediates involved during the present protocol.
Rational Regulation of Cu−Co Thiospinel Hierarchical Microsphere to Enhance the Supercapacitive Properties
Authors: Xie Tian , Liu Hangning , Wang Lin , Wang Jie , Ma Chuanli , Xuan Cuijuan , Su Linghao , Gong Liangyu
Published: October 2023

Micro‐structure of the electrodes play significant role in regulating the supercapacitive properties. Herein, three‐dimensional hierarchical heterostructures (3DHHs) CuCo2S4 microspheres with regulated micro‐structure is constructed via a simple one‐step method. The 3DHHs CuCo2S4 microspheres experience two‐dimensional (2D) lamellar interpenetration structure→two‐dimensional (2D) lamellar interpenetration structure with nanoparticles embedded on the 2D lamellar→nanoparticles assembled lamellar interpenetration structure by simply tuning the reaction time. Typically, the transition state exhibits much higher specific surface area, which is conducive to electrochemical reaction by providing adequate electrochemical interfaces. As supercapacitor electrode, the 3DHHs CuCo2S4‐10 exhibits an excellent capacitance of 1060 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and even superior capacity retention of 86.7 % at 5 A g−1 after 13000 cycles. Noteworthy, asymmetric supercapacitor assembles by 3DHHs CuCo2S4‐10 and active carbon can achieve high energy density of 56.3 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1, which holds more than 150 % capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. This work provides simply micro‐structure regulation in materials synthesis, which has significant potential in renewable energy applications.
Variability in prostate cancer detection among radiologists and urologists using MRI fusion biopsy
Authors: Patel Hiten D. , Halgrimson Whitney R. , Sweigert Sarah E. , Shea Steven M. , Turk Thomas M. T. , Quek Marcus L. , Gorbonos Alex , Flanigan Robert C. , Goldberg Ari , Gupta Gopal N.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of radiologist and urologist variability on detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsies.

Patients and methods

The Prospective Loyola University MRI (PLUM) Prostate Biopsy Cohort (January 2015 to December 2020) was used to identify men receiving their first MRI and MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy for suspected PCa. Clinical, MRI and biopsy data were stratified by radiologist and urologist to evaluate variation in Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) grading, lesion number and cancer detection. Multivariable logistic regression (MVR) models and area under the curve (AUC) comparisons assessed the relative impact of individual radiologists and urologists.

Results

A total of 865 patients (469 biopsy‐naïve) were included across 5 urologists and 10 radiologists. Radiologists varied with grading 15.4% to 44.8% of patients with MRI lesions as PI‐RADS 3. PCa detection varied significantly by radiologist, from 34.5% to 66.7% (p = 0.003) for PCa and 17.2% to 50% (p = 0.001) for csPCa. Urologists' PCa diagnosis rates varied between 29.2% and 55.8% (p = 0.013) and between 24.6% and 39.8% (p = 0.36) for csPCa. After adjustment for case‐mix on MVR, a fourfold to fivefold difference in PCa detection was observed between the highest‐performing and lowest‐performing radiologist (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.10–0.47, p < 0.001). MVR demonstrated improved AUC for any PCa and csPCa detection when controlling for radiologist variation (p = 0.017 and p = 0.038), but controlling for urologist was not significant (p = 0.22 and p = 0.086). Any PCa detection (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.06–2.55, p = 0.03) and csPCa detection (OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.00–2.48, p = 0.05) improved over time (2018–2020 vs. 2015–2017).

Conclusions

Variability among radiologists in PI‐RADS grading is a key area for quality improvement significantly impacting the detection of PCa and csPCa. Variability for performance of MRI‐TRUS fusion prostate biopsies exists by urologist but with less impact on overall detection of csPCa.
Discovery of NSD2‐Degraders from Novel and Selective DEL Hits
Authors: LegaardAndersson Jan , Christensen Jesper , Kleine‐Kohlbrecher Daniela , Vacher Comet Itys , Fullerton Støier Jonatan , Antoku Yasuko , Poljak Visnja , Moretti Loris , Dolberg Johannes , Jacso Tomas , Jensby Nielsen Søren , Nørregaard‐Madsen Mads , Franch Thomas , Helin Kristian , Cloos Paul A. C.
Published: October 2023

NSD2 is a histone methyltransferase predominantly catalyzing di‐methylation of histone H3 on lysine K36. Increased NSD2 activity due to mutations or fusion‐events affecting the gene encoding NSD2 is considered an oncogenic event and a driver in various cancers, including multiple myelomas carrying t(4;14) chromosomal translocations and acute lymphoblastic leukemia‘s expressing the hyperactive NSD2 mutant E1099 K. Using DNA‐encoded libraries, we have identified small molecule ligands that selectively and potently bind to the PWWP1 domain of NSD2, inhibit NSD2 binding to H3K36me2‐bearing nucleosomes, but do not inhibit the methyltransferase activity. The ligands were subsequently converted to selective VHL1‐recruiting NSD2 degraders and by using one of the most efficacious degraders in cell lines, we show that it leads to NSD2 degradation, decrease in K3 K36me2 levels and inhibition of cell proliferation.
Lead Adsorption by Fly Ash Geopolymer: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Pujari Murali , P Rohinikumar , Manyam Sudharshan Reddy , Arya Adarsh Kumar
Published: October 2023

The effectiveness of low‐cost fly ash geopolymer (FAGP) adsorbents synthesized from biomass fly ash in lead removal from aqueous solution was studied. The synthesized FAGP was characterized by the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode under various conditions, and the maximum removal efficiency and uptake were found at an optimum time of 120 min and pH 5. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed that lead removal is best fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A kinetic analysis showed that pseudo‐second‐order kinetics governs lead adsorption. Lead adsorption was determined to be an endothermic, spontaneous process through thermodynamic analysis.
Isomeric Effect of a π Bridge in an IDT‐Based Nonfused Electron Photovoltaic Acceptor
Authors: Wu Jianglin , Fu Caixia , Chen Baiquan , Rong Xugang , Lu Zhiyun , Huang Yan
Published: October 2023

A pair of isomers, IDT‐BOF containing S⋅⋅⋅O/F⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks and IDT‐BFO containing F⋅⋅⋅H/O⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks, with an acceptor‐π‐donor‐π‐acceptor (A‐π‐D‐π‐A) structure have been designed and synthesized by choosing 4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b : 5,6‐b′]dithiophene (IDT) as the D unit, an F/n‐hexyloxy substituted phenyl ring as π bridge, and 3‐(dicyanomethylidene)indan‐1‐one as the A unit. Owing to the S⋅⋅⋅O/F⋅⋅⋅H or F⋅⋅⋅H/O⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks, both IDT‐BOF and IDT‐BFO have a completely planar structure. IDT‐BOF exhibits a similar LUMO to IDT‐BFO, but higher HOMO energy levels, leading to a smaller optical bandgap and red‐shifted absorption. However, IDT‐BOF‐based bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ‐OSCs) coupled with PBDB‐T, and PCE‐10 as donor materials both exhibited a lower PCE than that of IDT‐BFO (PBDB‐T: 5.2 vs. 6.1 %; PCE‐10: 1.7 vs. 3.2 %). Comprehensively comparing and investigating IDT‐BOF : PBDB‐T and IDT‐BFO : PBDB‐T OSCs suggested that the large phase separation and serious charge recombination of IDT‐BOF‐based OSCs contributed to its lower power conversion efficiency. Importantly, ternary solar cells based on PBDB‐T : Y5 as control devices with an additional 10 % IDT‐BFO exhibited a 5 % enhancement in the PCE compared to the control device (14.3 vs. 13.46 %).
Acceptorless or Transfer Dehydrogenation of Glycerol Catalyzed by Base Metal Salt Cobaltous Chloride – Facile Access to Lactic Acid and Hydrogen or Isopropanol
Authors: Narjinari Himani , Dhole Sunil , Kumar Akshai
Published: October 2023

The dehydrogenation of glycerol to lactic acid (LA) under both acceptorless and transfer dehydrogenation conditions using readily available, inexpensive, environmentally benign and earth‐abundant base metal salt CoCl2 is reported here. The CoCl2 (0.5 mol %) catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of glycerol at 160 °C in the presence of 0.75 equiv. of KOH, gave up to 33 % yield of LA in 44 % selectivity apart from hydrogen. Alternatively, with acetone as a sacrificial hydrogen acceptor, the CoCl2 (0.5 mol %) catalyzed dehydrogenation of glycerol at 160 °C in the presence of 1.1 equiv. of NaOtBu resulted in up to 93 % LA with 96 % selectivity along with another value‐added product isopropanol. Labelling studies revealed a modest secondary KIE of 1.68 which points to the involvement of C−H bond activation as a part of the catalytic cycle but not as a part of the rate‐determining step. Catalyst poisoning experiments with PPh3 and CS2 are indicative of the homogeneous nature of the reaction mixture involving molecular species that are likely to be in‐situ formed octahedral Co(II) as inferred from EPR, HRMS and Evans magnetic moment studies. The net transfer dehydrogenation activity is attributed to exclusive contribution from the alcoholysis step.
Valorization of Glycerol through Plasma‐Induced Transformation into Formic Acid
Authors: Bang Seunghwan , Snoeckx Ramses , Cha Min Suk
Published: October 2023

To cope with climate change issues, a significant shift is required in worldwide energy sources. Hydrogen and bioenergy are being considered as alternatives toward a carbon neutral society, making formic acid – a hydrogen carrying product of glycerol – of interest for the valorization of glycerol. Here we investigate the plasma‐induced transformation of glycerol in an aqueous nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge reactor. We found that the water content in the aqueous mixture fulfilled a crucial role in both the gas phase (as a source of OH radicals) and the liquid phase (as a promotor of the dissolved OH radical's mobility and reactivity). The formic acid produced was linearly proportional to the specific input energy, and the most cost‐effective production of formic acid was found with 10 % v/v glycerol in the aqueous mixture. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed, consisting of the OH radical‐driven dehydrogenation and dehydration of glycerol. The results provide a fundamental understanding of plasma‐induced transformation of glycerol to formic acid and insights for future practical applications.
Bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia and seizure onset associated with biallelic CNTNAP2 variants
Authors: Panza Norman , Bianchini Claudia , Cetica Valentina , Balestrini Simona , Barba Carmen , Ferrari Anna Rita , Mei Davide , Parmeggiani Lucio , Parrini Elena , Guerrini Renzo
Published: October 2023

Biallelic CNTNAP2 variants have been associated with Pitt‐Hopkins‐like syndrome. We describe six novel and one previously reported patients from six independent families and review the literature including 64 patients carrying biallelic CNTNAP2 variants. Initial reports highlighted intractable focal seizures and the failure of epilepsy surgery in children, but subsequent reports did not expand on this aspect. In all our patients (n = 7), brain MRI showed bilateral temporal gray/white matter blurring with white matter high signal intensity, more obvious on the T2‐FLAIR sequences, consistent with bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia. All patients had focal seizures with temporal lobe onset and semiology, which were recorded on EEG in five, showing bilateral independent temporal onset in four. Epilepsy was responsive to anti‐seizure medications in two patients (2/7, 28.5%), and pharmaco‐resistant in five (5/7, 71.5%). Splice‐site variants identified in five patients (5/7, 71.5%) were the most common mutational finding. Our observation expands the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of biallelic CNTNAP2 alterations focusing on the neuroimaging features and provides evidence for an elective bilateral anatomoelectroclinical involvement of the temporal lobes in the associated epilepsy, with relevant implications on clinical management.
Rocking sensitivity of a dual‐block stack ‐ Numerical simulation and experimental evidence
Authors: Čeh Nina , Jelenić Gordan , Bićanić Nenad
Published: October 2023

Historic monuments, drywall structures, and graphite blocks in AGR nuclear power plants are block‐like structures that have to withstand rocking when subject to seismic excitation of their base, which can lead to overturning of some of their components and results in the collapse of the whole structure. We revisit the known nonlinear equations of motion for a dual‐block stack and present the conditions for transition between the eight possible rocking configurations (due to initiation of rocking, opening of new contacts, and collisions between blocks). An algorithm for the numerical simulation of rocking of the dual‐block stack is developed using the Newmark integration method, the Newton‐Raphson iteration method, and a novel contact detection and resolution procedure. The algorithm is used to evaluate rocking stability of five dual‐block stacks, one of which is compared to the results available in the literature. In parallel, a novel experimental program is designed and implemented, to validate the numerically obtained results using a shaking table. While most of the excitation conditions leading to stable rocking and limit values leading to overturning have been successfully validated, some discrepancies between the numerically and experimentally obtained results still exist and point to the need for improvement of the algorithm used, possibly through a more realistic energy‐loss mechanism. Most importantly, we have confirmed the known theoretical prediction that splitting a single block into two half‐size blocks benefits its rocking stability.