bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La música popular y la educación literaria en contextos multilingües: una propuesta interartística y multicultural con incorporación de Sistemas de Información Geográfica.
Authors: Lopez-Sandez Maria
Published: February 2023

La educación literaria en las comunidades con varias lenguas ambientales se ve condicionada por las valoraciones sociales atribuidas a los distintos códigos, que revierten a su vez sobre las literaturas. De este modo, los prejuicios diglósicos afectan y condicionan las actitudes hacia la producción literaria, tal y como ha analizado para el contexto gallego Antón Figueroa (1988) en Diglosia y texto y otros trabajos poesteriores del autor (1996, 2001). Nuestra propuesta trata de explorar de qué manera la incorporación y el trabajo con la música popular puede contribuir a una educación literaria que supere prejuicios en relación a las distintas literaturas y, desde una aproximación interartística y multicultural, promueva la valoración del conjunto del patrimonio lingüístico, cultural y artístico, permitiendo además exportar los principios del Tratamiento Integrado de Lenguas al campo de la educación literaria.
A pregnant woman with an extra cardiac cavity: an acquired iatrogenic complication— A case report and literature review
Authors: Bigdelu Leila , Maadarani Ossama
Published: February 2023

According to the modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification, mechanical valves pose a high maternal risk and complications for pregnant women with heart disease. Left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare condition that can manifest clinically in several ways or remain silent for a long time and can be either congenital or acquired. We present the case of a pregnant woman who had a LAAA discovered several years after her last mitral valve replacement.
New-onset cardiac amyloidosis while in remission from systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Idowu Abiodun , Tung Lillian , Chu Catherine , Skeete Jamario , Paner Agne , Okwuosa Tochukwu
Published: February 2023

In light chain amyloidosis, a reduction in dFLC to below 40 mg/l is a prerequisite for organ recovery as nearly half of the patients who achieve very good partial haematological responses have improvement in the function of the involved organ. We describe a patient who developed new-onset cardiac amyloidosis despite a post-treatment reduction in dFLC to <10 mg/l.
Challenging performative policies
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: February 2023

Performative policies in early childhood education need to be challenged, in order to provide a nurturing learning environment. Through this news analysis, Dr Sue Allingham illustrates the tension between a real, unique child with knowledge, skills and agency and the ‘age-related expectations’ child who has to be ‘school ready’.
Exploring the power of teachable moments in the early years
Authors: Featherbe Alison
Published: February 2023

In early years education, ‘teachable moments’ refer to opportunities for learning that arise during everyday activities and experiences that we provide in the setting. This article discusses the importance of recognising and capitalising on these moments to spark thinking, create emotion and/or encourage action.
Cultivating emotional resilience in the early years setting
Authors: Still Hayley
Published: February 2023

Children communicate their needs through a range of emotions and helping them express themselves and understand their feelings can help them process these emotions in a positive way. Hayley Still provides some useful advice on developing emotional resilience.
Creating inclusive opportunities outdoors
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: February 2023

Jo McMeechan, who is a children's physiotherapist and SEND consultant, tells us about her journey from paediatrics into private practice and her own experience as an SEN parent. Jo shares her passion for creating inclusive opportunities, particularly in outdoor environments and tells us about the training programme she developed.
We urgently need a holistic, long-term strategy for early education
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: February 2023

The government must end its obsession with a piecemeal approach to early years policy if the sector is to have any chance of surviving in the long term, Neil Leitch explains
Ahead of the spring budget
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: February 2023

The early years received no mention in the Prime Minister's New Year speech despite his mention of ambitious plans for childcare in November last year. Ahead of the spring budget, Purnima Tanuku explains why it is essential for the government to review the childcare funding system and offer greater support to nurseries.
Providing communication-rich environments
Authors: Mcdougall Dawn
Published: February 2023

Planning the environment is a key part of early years practitioners' role. We know how crucial the environment and the resources within it are in supporting children's development, especially in language and communication. But how much thought do we give to the environment on a daily basis? Do we reflect on how the children interact with it and in particular how it supports children to communicate and use language?
‘The street where we live’
Authors: Bartle Helen
Published: February 2023

Helen Bartle returns with another play experience. This month sharing a Diwali provocation which aimed to combine some of the cultural traditions of the celebration with the relatability of local landmarks the children may recognise.
My T Level journey: solidifying my passion for a career in childcare
Authors: Lowe Paige
Published: February 2023

T Level student Paige Lowe shares her experience of the qualification and encourages others to follow in her footsteps.
Hard to swallow? A review into dysphagia care in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Koomson D'Marieanne , Freeth Heather , Goodwin Alexander , Srivastava Vivek
Published: February 2023

The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death reviewed the quality of dysphagia care provided to patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to hospital when acutely unwell. It highlights both clinical and organisational changes that should be made to improve patient care and outcomes.
Psychological factors and surgical outcomes
Authors: Young Paul
Published: February 2023

Several psychological factors, including anxiety and depression, are associated with poor surgical outcomes, likely as a result of chronic dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. However, despite some encouraging results, a lack of high-quality studies means that there is limited evidence to support the use of psychological interventions to improve surgical outcomes.
High Time for Ogen
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: February 2023

A resurgence in interest in hydrogen as a fuel has kickstarted several development programs
Flying High
Authors: Hughes David
Published: February 2023

The FAA and NASA have distributed a concept of operations for civil air traffic in the stratosphere for the first time
Tempest Testbed to Excel
Authors: Eden Paul
Published: February 2023

Tasked with provision of an airborne testbed in support of Tempest Future Air Combat System trials, Leonardo UK has subcontracted 2Excel Aviation to procure and engineer a Boeing 757-based solution
Ground force
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

The laboratories of leading commercial aircraft makers are growing in size and complexity as more testing is carried out on the ground
Unmanned & untested?
Authors: Howard David G
Published: February 2023

The environmental testing of drones is a growing business thanks to the increasing number of applications being found for them
Drone detectives
Authors: Williams Andrew
Published: February 2023

Al-enhanced drones and robots equipped for NDT could form the next generation of testing and inspection tools for aircraft
Academic Work as Factory Work: A Former Blue-Collar Worker’s Observations on Class and Caste in the Academy
Authors: Atkinson Kenneth
Published: February 2023

What was it like to have come of age after the Glorious Thirty (1945-1975), an era Jack Metzger (2016; 2021a) describes as a time when the working-class bettered their lives? I had the misfortune to have worked in several Metropolitan Detroit factories during the period of decline after the Glorious Thirty. During that time, I witnessed what the journalist George Packer (2013) has called ‘the Unwinding,’ the unraveling of the social contract that has left the working class to their own devices to find success and salvation. In keeping with the tradition in working-class studies of sharing lived experienced of class (Linkon, 2021, pp. 20-31; Strangleman, 2005, pp. 137-51), I highlight my multiple working-class lives to show that academic life is increasingly becoming more like blue-collar labor. Through a discussion of the concepts of class and caste, and the uniqueness of working-class culture, I propose that working-class academic crossovers are essentially ghosts trapped in a liminal limbo in an intellectual version of a contemporary factory that is largely devoid of the benefits of working-class culture.
Children’s Rights in Detention
Authors: Kilkelly Ursula , Bergin Pat
Published: February 2023

A comprehensive international framework sets out the rights to which children in detention are entitled, based mainly on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and a range of supplementary regional and international instruments. This chapter introduces children’s rights and its key principles, including the requirement that the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration in all actions, children must have their views taken into account in matters that affect them and their needs must be as a matter of right. Children in conflict with the law have a right to be treated in a manner consistent with their age and development and detention must be a measure of last resort. Children deprived of liberty must be treated with dignity and respect, have their needs met and be prepared to return to their community afterwards. Advancing children’s rights in detention requires an approach that is child-centred, and respect for the child’s rights to Provision, Protection, Participation, Preparation and Partnership. These elements form the benchmark against which the treatment of children in detention must be measured.
Irish Youth Justice Law and Policy
Authors: Kilkelly Ursula , Bergin Pat
Published: February 2023

International children’s rights standards emphasise that detention does not exist in a vacuum, but rather is part of the national response to children who come into conflict with the law. This chapter thus tracks the development of the Irish youth justice system, including its departure from institutionalised care and transition towards a more progressive, rights-based approach. In particular, the Children Act 2001, as amended is outlined, along with the national youth justice strategy that guided its implementation. Significant developments include the decision to locate youth justice and detention in the Department of Children and embedding youth justice within the national children’s policy framework. This helped to ensure that both law and policy and the administration youth justice developed in line with children’s rights-based approaches. Although these ties have begun to loosen more recently, it is significant nonetheless that the Youth Justice Strategy 2021-2027 commits to a children’s rights-based approach, ensuring its progressive development continues. Ireland’s experience highlights how rights-based law and policy can be instrumental to how these approaches are implemented in practice.
Staff Wellbeing and Communication
Authors: Kilkelly Ursula , Bergin Pat
Published: February 2023

International children’s rights standards identify the importance of staffing and communication in the implementation of the rights-based model of detention. The recruitment, training and performance of staff, as well as research and communication, are integral to the provision and protection of children’s rights in detention. This chapter focuses on the relevance to the advancement of children’s rights in detention of focus on: recruitment, learning and development, communication and staff well-being. It notes the important role played by awareness raising, research and evaluation, and finally communication in ensuring advancement of the rights-based approach. The experience of Oberstown Children Detention Campus is that measures to advance staff development and well-being are essential to underpin the positive work environment and the quality of care provided to children. Technology and better data collection have improved decision-making, placing research in the public domain has enhanced public understanding of the challenges faced by children in detention. Robust evaluation of programmes and approaches remains a gap to be filled to ensure that the rights of children are being effectively met in detention.
International and National Influences and Advocacy
Authors: Kilkelly Ursula , Bergin Pat
Published: February 2023

The advancement of children’s rights in detention is a collaborative process, requiring the input of a range of stakeholders and influencers. National and international bodies have been instrumental in the reform of child detention in Ireland, including human rights treaty bodies, national human rights institutions, civil society, the media, and parliament. They have adopted a range of approaches in initiating and driving the process of reform, with reform stemming from, and subject to, constructive advocacy, intense scrutiny, monitoring and criticism. Key stakeholders on an international level (such as the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, and the European Commissioner for Human Rights) and on a national level (such as the Irish Penal Reform Trust and the Ombudsman for Children) have supported the implementation of children’s rights standards in Oberstown Children Detention Campus in different ways. Accountability, through parliamentary and media scrutiny, has also been important to increasing transparency of the change underway. The chapter illustrates the collective nature of the process of reform and the influential role played by a wide range of external bodies in promoting reform through an approach that scrutinised and challenged in equal measure.
Chandigarh outskirts: trama urbana, identitat i utopia social. Una aproximació des de les arts visuals.
Authors: Macaya Albert
Published: February 2023

La configuración de la trama urbana de las ciudades revela a menudo aspectos clave de su contextura social, histórica o cultural. Los espacios liminales de la ciudad nos permiten entrever esta configuración en proceso de construcción o mutación. Es significativo el interés reciente por las periferias urbanas en áreas del conocimiento tan diversas como los estudios sociales, la arquitectura y el urbanismo o las artes visuales. La ciudad india de Chandigarh nos proporciona un caso de estudio de especial interés. Diseñada por Le Corbusier y su equipo a mediados del siglo XX, ejemplifica singularmente la tensión entre la ciudad planificada y la tendencia a la proliferación desordenada. Nos remite a algunos debates actuales en torno a la identidad cultural desde perspectivas como los estudios sociales o el urbanismo. Ha sido también objeto de controversia desde la óptica postcolonial: aplaudida por algunos como proyecto urbanístico de alcance social, otros califican el experimento del arquitecto franco-suizo como ejemplo de modernidad importada y autoimpuesta. En este artículo damos cuenta de una investigación llevada a cabo con un grupo de estudiantes y profesores de la universidad local en que las artes visuales son una vía para reflexionar sobre el sentido y las transformaciones de la periferia de Chandigarh, en la zona conocida como el Geen Belt. Repasaremos para ello algunos referentes destacados de las propuestas artísticas que se centran en la idea de periferia urbana, y reuniremos evidencias aportadas por los participantes para sospesar el sentido y alcance que la experiencia tuvo para ellos y ellas.
High-efficiency mode-locked erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser around 2.8  µm by directly depositing Bi2S3 particles onto a cavity mirror
Authors: Ye Shanshan , Chu Yiqi , Huang Song , Luo Qiaoxia , Tang Shihao , Xu Zhiyu , Liu Hao , Li Chuchen , Jiang Chenyun , Wang Xian , Chen Kai , Zhang Wei , Yu Ronghua , Gao Weiqing
Published: February 2023

Mid-infrared (MIR) pulsed
lasers near a 3 µm
waveband show great potential
for the high absorption of
water molecules and many
important gas molecules. A passively Q-switched mode-locked (QSML) Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser with a low
laser threshold and high slope efficiency around a 2.8 µm
waveband is reported. The improvement is achieved by depositing
bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles onto the cavity mirror
directly as a saturable absorber and using the cleaved end of the
fluoride fiber as output directly. -QSML pulses begin to appear
with the pump power of 280 mW. The repetition rate of the QSML
pulses reaches a maximum of 33.59 kHz with the pump power of
540 mW. When the pump power is further increased, the output of
the fiber laser switches from the QSML to the continuous-wave
mode-locked operation with the repetition rate of 28.64 MHz and
the slope efficiency of 12.2%. The results indicate that Bi2S3 is a promising modulator for the
pulsed lasers near a 3 µm waveband, which paves the way for
further development of various applications in MIR wavebands,
including material processing, MIR frequency combs, and modern
healthcare.
Multiple objective immune wolf colony algorithm for solving time-cost-quality trade-off problem
Authors: Liu Guanyi , Li Xuemei , Alam Khalid Mehmood
Published: February 2023

The importance of the time-cost-quality trade-off problem in construction projects has been widely recognized. Its goal is to minimize time and cost and maximize quality. In this paper, the bonus-penalty mechanism is introduced to improve the traditional time-cost model, and considering the nonlinear relationship between quality and time, a nonlinear time-cost quality model is established. Meanwhile, in order to better solve the time-cost-quality trade-off problem, a multi-objective immune wolf colony optimization algorithm has been proposed. The hybrid method combines the fast convergence of the wolf colony algorithm and the excellent diversity of the immune algorithm to improve the accuracy of the wolf colony search process. Finally, a railway construction project is taken as an example to prove the effectiveness of the method.
Identifying drugs with the greatest increases and decreases in spending per beneficiary using Medicare Part D: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hodzic-Santor Benazir , Sacks Chana A. , Van Bakel Tamara , Fralick Michael
Published: February 2023

Importance

In the US, there are no effective regulations controlling how much the price of a medication can increase. A patchwork of studies examining the reasons for soaring prices has focused on medications that have received considerable media attention, like insulin, epinephrine, and colchicine.

Objective

To identify the 50 medications with the greatest increase in average spending per beneficiary and the 50 medications with the greatest decrease in average spending per beneficiary, and to identify the factors associated with spending increases.

Design, participants

This cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Program from 2014 to 2020. We included drugs dispensed to > 1000 beneficiaries in each study year and excluded those primarily administered intravenously.

Main measures

Percentage change in average spending per beneficiary from 2014 to 2020 was calculated for each drug. For each drug, we extracted the number of beneficiaries, the number of manufacturers, and the drug-specific total annual spending reported in the Medicare Part D data set. An online database search was conducted to identify the primary clinical indication, the availability of any generic versions, and the date of FDA approval for each drug.

Results

The 50 medications with the greatest increase in spending per beneficiary had a median increase of 362.4% (interquartile range [IQR]: 286.6%-563.0%), with a cumulative spending of almost $5 billion in 2020 alone. Most drugs with the greatest increases in spending per beneficiary had generic versions available (68%) and were approved by the FDA over 10 years ago (66%). Medications with the greatest increase in spending per beneficiary had a median of 1 manufacturer (IQR: 1–2), while medications with the greatest decrease in spending per beneficiary had a median of 9.5 manufacturers (IQR: 5–14).

Conclusions

This study identified rapidly increasing costs of medications under Medicare Part D. Our findings demonstrate that off-patent medications can skyrocket in price, especially when there are few manufacturers of a given medication.
Oxycodone effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic (BDNF) serum
Authors: Leonard Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Oxycodone is the one of the most common opioids utilized worldwide to treat patients with moderate to severe pain while also potentially possessing molecules that can influence a protein which plays a crucial role in expressing synaptic activity. The aim is to analyze the impact of Oxycodone on levels of serum Brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF). To ultimately attain reliable BDNF levels measured in serum, monoclonal antibodies and a sandwich ELISA will be utilized along with a population of 300 volunteers. Volunteers who suffer from severe chronic pain will be selected in the age range of 18 to 24. Based upon existing literature involving the examination of BDNF levels, these levels can generally be accurately assessed and dependably measured in human serum over one year which should be enough to identify significant differences in serum.
Automatic creation of training set for neural networks aimed to detect patent

users. Automatic testing of the neural network performance.
Authors: Ermakova Anastasia
Published: February 2023

This article is the results of the research, aimed to train, test and use custom neural network effortlessly, without spending huge amountof time and efforts to prepare special training set or to test trained neural network performance. I have submitted an algorithms and the theory used for for automatic creation of the training set as well as an algorithms and the theory used for neural network automatic testing. Atvthe final chapter of the article I have provided results of ner recognition, performed by neural network, trained on automatically created training set.
A clinical case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ragimov M. R. , Nikonova T. V. , Marchenko E. V. , Malysheva N. M. , Derevyanko O. S.
Published: February 2023

The pancreas belongs to the glands of mixed secretion and simultaneously performs both endo- and exocrine functions. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the general name for the malabsorption process caused by inadequate production and decreased activation of the enzymes of the pancreas acinar cells, such as amylase, lipase and protease, which are necessary for digestion. The prevalence of EPI in patients with type 1 diabetes, according to many authors, varies from 25 to 59%, which is determine by the data of pancreatic elastase-1. In this work, we present a clinical case of confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a patient with a 6-year history of type 1 diabetes, which became the main cause of the development of episodes of hypoglycemia after meals. In the course of further studies, antibodies to lactoferrin and a reduced prostate volume, determined by MRI data, high levels of antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase and zinc co-transporter 8, as well as residual insulin secretion based on the level of C-peptide on an empty stomach detected.
Cardiometabolic risk factors and electrocardiogram results in type 2 diabetes patients with or without non-infected foot ulcers: A comparative study
Authors: Al-Nimer M.S.M. , Ratha R.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Numerous investigations have demonstrated that type-2 diabetes (T2D) causes electrocardiographic alterations, whether or not there are microvascular or macrovascular problems.

AIM: With respect to glycemic control and the accompanying cardio-metabolic risk factors, the goal of this study was to demonstrate the variations in electrocardiogram records between T2D patients with non-infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and those without ulcers.

METHODS: This study was performed in the Shar Teaching Hospital in the Sulaimani Governorate-Iraq from July 2018 to June 2019. 167 participants were grouped into Group I (T2D, n=72); Group II (T2D with non-infected diabetic foot ulcers, n=65) and Group III (healthy subjects, n= 30). Blood pressure, electrocardiography, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Fasting serum glucose and lipid profiles were assessed as part of laboratory tests.

RESULTS: Group II patients significantly differed from Group I by having lower diastolic blood pressure, a higher pulse pressure index, and a higher fasting serum glucose. The Group I patients had a significantly higher heart rate, a shortening of TQ-interval and widening of QRS dispersion. Group II patients had a significantly shorter TQ-interval compared with the corresponding value of Group I patients (523.6±136.4ms versus 579.2±110.0ms, respectively). These changes in the electrocardiograms are not related to the cardiometabolic risk factors.

CONCLUSION: In the non-infected diabetic foot, the TQ-interval, a measure of ventricular repolarization impairment, is much shorter and is linked to a broad pulse pressure. According to this finding, the electrocardiographic abnormalities are a result of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
The use of long-acting insulin degludec in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice in Russia
Authors: Galstyan G. R.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Effective glycaemic control remains the most important task in managing the risks of Diabetes type 2 complications development. In this regard, the choice of insulin preparations with minimal variability of action is of utmost importance since this approach allows achieving the maximum treatment effectiveness and adequate safety level.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate insulin degludec treatment effect on glycemic control in adult patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 in a real-world clinical setting in the Russian Federation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The open prospective study was conducted in 2020–2021 in 35 clinical centers in 31 cities of the Russian Federation. The study included adult patients with type 2 DM treated according to Russian routine clinical practice. The prospective follow-up period was 26 weeks. The main study endpoints were changes in HbA1c level, fasting plasma glucose, insulin daily doses, number, and characteristics of different types of hypoglycaemia episodes and adverse events (AEs), and patient preferences compared to previous treatment.

RESULTS: The study enrolled 494 patients. By the end of follow-up period:

The mean HbA1c decrease was 1.6% (p<0.0001).

Fasting plasma glucose level decreased by 3.4 mmol/L (p<0.0001).

Daily basal and prandial insulin doses decreased by 1.6 IU/day (p<0.0001) and 2.1 IU/day (p<0.01), respectively.

Severe episodes of hypoglycemia did not occur, while the incidence of nonsevere episodes decreased significantly.

76 patients (15.4%) had 105 AEs, of which 41 (in 33 patients, 6.7%) were serious.

COVID-19 was the most frequent AE reported in 21 patients (4.3%).

Only in one case insulin degludec was withdrawn due to the patient’s pregnancy and the AEs that arose from it.

Most patients (98.6%) preferred insulin degludec to previous treatment.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, accompanied by basal insulin dose decrease combined with the absence of severe episodes of hypoglycemia, and significant decrease of nonsevere episodes (total and nocturnal). These results led to a large proportion of patients wanting to continue insulin degludec treatment preferring the medicine over previous treatment.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes in Russia: combined analysis of study data for the period 2005–2022
Authors: Chernova M. O. , Esaulenko D. I. , Rozhivanova E. R. , Rozhivanov R. V. , Mel’nichenko G. A. , Shestakova M. V. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: February 2023

Background:Male hypogonadism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), therefore, it is of interest to study its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. These data are published, but their fragmentation and small sample sizes are a problem. A summary assessment of the combined primary data of the conducted studies will provide sufficient representativeness and will allow to extrapolate the results to the general Russian population with T2DM.

Aim:Assessment of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and aggravating factors of male hypogonadism in T2DM in Russia.

Materials and methods:A Combining primary data (anamnesis, anthropometric indicators, laboratory tests) of full-design, cross-sectional, screening studies of hypogonadism in men with T2DM conducted on the territory of the Russian Federation in the period from 2005 to 2022. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative indicators and χ² with Yates’ correction for qualitative ones. Differences were considered statistically significant with p <0,05. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and χ² with Yates correction. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results:Hypogonadism was detected in 893 of 1576 men (56,7%) with T2DM. Patients with hypogonadism were statistically significantly older, had higher body mass index (BMI), worse glycemic control than eugonadal men. There was ­statistically significantly higher prevalence of macroangiopathies and polyneuropathy in hypogonadal patients.

Conclusion:The prevalence of male hypogonadism in T2DM 56,7%. Its development is due to age, obesity, worse glycemic control. Hypogonadism syndrome is associated with the development of diabetic macroangiopathy and polyneuropathy. Severe violation of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 10% or more) significantly reduces testosterone production and increases the prevalence of hypogonadism.
The interactions between inflammation and insulin resistance: molecular mechanisms in insulin-producing and insulin-dependent tissues
Authors: Yudaeva A. D. , Stafeev I. S. , Michurina S. S. , Menshikov M. Yu. , Shestakova M. V. , Parfyonova Y. V.
Published: February 2023

In the modern world the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases. In this light the risks of obesity-associated complications also grow up. The crucial linkage between obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular complications is inflammatory process. The mechanism of this linkage is similar in pancreas and insulin-dependent tissues both on cells, cell-to-cell communication and signaling pathway levels: the catalysts are different lipids (cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides), which are able to activate Toll-like receptors of innate immunity and inflammation. Nextly, IKK- and JNK-dependent cascades activate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL-1b, IL-6 and others, which act by paracrine and autocrine manner and support inflammation both in local and systemic levels. Thus, insulin-producing and insulin-dependent tissues, which are involved in T2DM pathogenesis, through the inflammatory process integrate in pathogenic and self-maintaining cycle, which leads to the suppression of insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell failure and the development of insulin-dependent tissues insulin resistance.
Clinical evaluation of the implementation of the first pilot Russian integrated program for an integrated approach to the management of diabetes mellitus “NORMA”
Authors: Galstyan G. R. , Mayorov A. Y. , Melnikova O. G. , Holmskaya N. I. , Hamradjanov Z. A. , Milyutin V. I. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Despite progress in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the problem of achieving target values of glycemic control remains relevant. In this regard, the search for new integrated solutions that could strengthen disease control and improve clinical outcomes becomes relevant.

AIM: To assess the impact of the developed integrated approach to disease management on the clinical and metabolic outcomes of patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participating in the “NORMA” pilot program for 3 and 6 months.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: “NORMA” is the first Russian program designed to implement an integrated approach to DM management combines structured online education, blood glucose monitoring, supervision by endocrinologist, and administrative support. Interium retrospective analysis analysis of pre-existing data generated in the Program was performed from October 2020 to November 2021. Adults (≥18 years) with uncontrolled T1DM or T2DM on insulin (HbA1c>7,0%) with duration of DM ≥6 months were included. The following characteristics were considered: social-demographic parameters, duration of DM, complications, HbA1c, hypoglycemia events, daily insulin dose, patients’ perception of DM checklist (scaled 1-10), level of DM knowledge (questionnaire of 20 points).

RESULTS: Data from 185 persons were analyzed: 132 with T1DM and 53 with T2DM, 67% women, the mean age was 41.3±14.4 years; the median DM duration was 12.0 [6.0; 19.0] years, 30 persons (16.3%) were free of any DM complications. Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.8±1.5% to 7.4±1.2% at month 3, and to 7.6±1.5% at month 6 (p<0.001). HbA1c <7.0% was achieved in 38.9% and 38.1% participants after 3 and 6 months, respectively. The total insulin dose has not changed within the program. The DM knowledge level after 3 months of Program increased significantly by 25.4±15.0% (p<0.001). The mean scores of patients’ perceptions of DM after 3 and 6 months increased by 2.1±10.2 % and 2.4±11.0 % (p<0.01), but the median scores (interquartile range) did not change: 0.00% (-3.00–6.00%) and 0.50% (-3.00–9.00%) respectively.

CONCLUSION: In a real-life setting, the implementation of an integrated approach to the diabetes management was associated with the improvement of glycemic control without significant changes of total insulin dose.
Promoting Financial Inclusion through Central Bank Digital Currency: An Evaluation of Payment System Viability in India
Authors: Banerjee Srijanie , Sinha Manish
Published: February 2023

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is considering introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). According to studies, India's financial system plays a major role in the execution of the CBDC. India is at the forefront of technological advancements in digital payment methods. The central banks that support CBDC's design concept are susceptible to adaptations to the evolution of economic and financial systems. This study will highlight the potential of CBDC to boost financial inclusion. Quantitative regression analysis is being used to quantify the potential drivers of financial sector efficiency and stability to measure the impact of CBDC implementation on financial inclusion. The central bank should build the CBDC utilizing the Structural Vector Auto-Regression model while considering payment system visibility. The proposed study can help to identify the lags in attaining financial inclusion in India and to design CBDC. The proposed study can also establish the policymakers' role in maximizing benefits to the consumers. The study establishes the potential role of RBI in the smooth functionality of implementing CBDC. The study brings out the trend of the payment system in India that opens up the possibility of positive implementation of CBDC and its welfare to percolate among consumers.
Czy Łódź Piotrowa wpłynęła do stoczni remontowej? Kościół u schyłku pontyfikatu papieża Franciszka – w stronę podsumowania
Authors: Kościelniak Cezary
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the article is to summarize the pontificate of Pope Francis in the period between 2013–2022. The context of the analysis is the follow: how is the Church going through the processes of renewal, and reforms and what impact is it having? The text focuses on the issues: the peripheralization of the Church, the world of open borders, ecology and the Pope’s criticism of Europe.
Dialog religii z nauką wyzwaniem dla chrześcijaństwa
Authors: Leciejewski Sławomir
Published: February 2023

Source literature lists several versions of creationism as well as numerous manners of understand- ing evolutionism. Creationist views may be limited to four basic ones: fundamentalist creationism, creation science, intelligent design and evolutionary creationism. In my article I will justify which of these versions of creationism may be considered as dialoguing with science, and which of them turn out, to a greater or lesser degree, unable to enter into this dialogue. I will answer the question how creationism should be understood in order for it to be able to engage in a debate with modern science. In other words, the central question of this article will be: how is the dialogue between religion (creationism) and science (evolutionism) feasible?
Teologia nauki – propozycja nowego otwarcia teologii na nauki
Authors: Trombik Kamil , Polak Paweł
Published: February 2023

In this paper we discuss the idea of theology of science, which is understood as a new branch of the- ology concerned with the problems arising in the context of natural sciences. Theology of science has been developed since 1980s. The authors of this concept are Michał Heller and Józef Życiński – philosophers involved in discussions between science and religion, who tried to find a new common area to develop this dialogue. The aim of the paper is to present the concept of theology of science in the historical and problematic perspective, taking into account the various challenges and research perspectives faced by this concept.
„Tradycja liturgiczna” w dokumentach i wypowiedziach papieskich dotyczących dyscypliny sprawowania liturgii z 1962 r. po Soborze Watykańskim II
Authors: Pietras Dawid
Published: February 2023

„Liturgical tradition” is a living form that expresses the Apostolic Tradition, which is the unchanging deposit of the Revealed Divine Truths. After the Second Vatican Council, the liturgical tradition that was included in the books of 1962 has been maintained on certain rules. The discipline of celebrating this liturgy changed depending on the attitude of the pope. The possibility of celebrating it has been gradually restored. Eventually, Pope Benedict XVI sanctioned the liturgy as the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite and ensured the general right to celebrate it. Currently – as a result of Pope Francis’s decision – it is emphasized that the liturgy reformed after Vaticanum II is the unique expression legis orandi of the Roman Rite.
TRANSLATING CULTURE, RATHER THAN LANGUAGE: NARRATING THE (KOREAN) NATION IN OTHER LANGUAGE(S); (EXAMPLES OF CHANG REA LEE, EUNY HONG AND KRYS LEE)
Authors: ŠKVORC Boris
Published: February 2023

This article will concentrate on three major topics. The first one will be connected with the idea of globalization and universalism in relation to national cultural and literary canons. The second one will discuss the possibility of how the national language and literature can stay authentic and universal, that how it can remain simultaneously appreciated as a work of difference and an artefact of universal value. This calls for the introduction of the main topic which is the realm of translation, especially translation understood as a trans-creation, that is the re-creation of one literary world within (an)other cultural discourse, being it in a different language, or even uttered in a new lingua franca, which today is English. That means that the other nation can also be narrated in English, but in an English used by others for their own purposes, sometimes only commercial but other times purposely chosen as the tool of contra-hegemonic statement(s), having their own purposes and ways. How we can trans-create that in reading is of the utmost importance for interpretation. At the end of this essay we will see how that reflects on both the otherness of authentic culture (in this case study Korean) as well as English speaking discourse and English as an authentic language and the tool of trans-creating and disseminating the idea of literature as a global entity (or/and system).
The technical and economic analysis of processing and conversion of heavy oil cuts to valuable refinery products
Authors: Pirouzfar Vahid , Mohamadkhani Fariba , Van Nguyen Nguyen , Su Chia-Hung
Published: February 2023

Many of the modern refineries are founded on converting/upgrading the heavy bases of low value to lighter products by higher added value like gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. In this work, some process configurations in heavy refinery cracking, converting and treating are technically and economically evaluated. In this purpose, four process configurations for refinery plants are suggested. These processes are evaluated and analyzed to obtain the most optimal configurations with the aim of achieving the most valuable refinery products. The difference of the processes is in heavy residue conversion and processing. These processes are included the Asphalt Air Blowing Unit (AABU, Type 1), Delayed Coker Unit (DCU, Type 2), Heavy Residue Hydro-Conversion (HRH, Type 3) and Solvent De-Asphalting (SDA, Type 4). The units are common in mentioned refineries cases and just ABU, HCU, DCU, HRH and SDA are different. In economic consideration, the payout period is considered as one of the standard methods of assessing the economic projects and economically estimating them. As results, the highest rate of gasoline is recorded in the refinery type of DCU unit and the highest amount of LPG/C4/C3, kerosene and gasoline production observed in refinery type of HRH unit. The construction of refinery with ABU unit has minimum investment (980 million $) and highest rate of return (19.4).
Early-Age Cracking Potential of Fly Ash High Performance Concrete Internally Cured with Super Absorbent Polymers
Authors: Wen Chuyuan , Shen Dejian , Luo Yueyao , Wang Wenting , Yao Panpan
Published: February 2023

Early-age cracking is problematic for high performance concrete (HPC) made with a low water/binder ratio. The application of fly ash (FA) as a cement replacement can contribute to reduced CO2 emission and clinker factor, as well as improved durability of HPC. Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) were also applied for better curing and a higher rate of hydration to optimize the FA HPC. The current study utilized a temperature stress test machine to investigate the early-age cracking potential of FA HPC with internal curing by SAPs. Test results and the related analyses suggested that the introduction of internal curing alleviated the autogenous shrinkage, restrained stress, as well as tensile creep for HPC with 0 % and 20 % FA replacement level. The application of SAPs reduced the cracking potential of HPC with a low FA replacement level, whereas it aggravated the cracking when the FA replacement level was high.
Massive Loss of Proprioceptive Ia Synapses in Rat Spinal Motoneurons after Nerve Crush Injuries in the Postnatal Period
Authors: Arbat-Plana Ariadna , Bolívar Sara , Navarro Xavier , Udina Esther , Alvarez Francisco J.
Published: February 2023

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) induce the retraction from the ventral horn of the synaptic collaterals of Ia afferents injured in the nerve, effectively removing Ia synapses from α-motoneurons. The loss of Ia input impairs functional recovery and could explain, in part, better recovery after PNIs with better Ia synaptic preservation. Synaptic losses correlate with injury severity, speed, and efficiency of muscle reinnervation and requires ventral microglia activation. It is unknown whether this plasticity is age dependent. In neonates, axotomized motoneurons and sensory neurons undergo apoptosis, but after postnatal day 10 most survive. The goal of this study was to analyze vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1)-labeled Ia synapses (which also include II afferents) after nerve crush in 10 day old rats, a PNI causing little Ia/II synapse loss in adult rats. We confirmed fast and efficient reinnervation of leg muscles; however, a massive number of VGluT1/Ia/II synapses were permanently lost. This synapse loss was similar to that after more severe nerve injuries involving full transection in adults. In adults, disappearance of ventrally directed Ia/II collaterals targeting α-motoneurons was associated with a prolonged microglia reaction and a CCR2 mechanism that included infiltration of CCR2 blood immune cells. By contrast, microgliosis after P10 injuries was fast, resolved in about a week, and there was no evidence of peripheral immune cell infiltration. We conclude that VGluT1/Ia/II synapse loss in young animals differs in mechanism, perhaps associated with higher microglia synaptic pruning activity at this age and results in larger losses after milder nerve injuries.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire: Developmental Pattern and Significance and Its Relationship With Cognitive and Personality Measures
Authors: Contreras Antonio , Suárez-Falcón Juan C. , Caprara Mariagiovanna , Pozo Pilar , Gómez-Veiga Isabel , Cabras Emilia
Published: February 2023

Postformal thought is the highest state of thinking in adults, extending beyond formal operations. Sinnott’s Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire (PFTQ) is one of the most widely used measures of this construct and thus, the main aim of this study was to translate a Spanish version of the PFTQ and to validate it using a sample of 1093 subjects aged from 18 to 71 years. A cross-validation study was carried out and measurement invariance was analyzed by gender and across age groups: emerging adults, 18-29 years; established adults, 30-45 years; and middle-aged adults, 46-60 years. Furthermore, evidence of validity was assessed relative to cognitive and personality measures (i.e.: mindfulness, grit, resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, conscientiousness, metacognition and learning strategies), as was the developmental pattern of the PFTQ. In the cross-validation study, both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated it was appropriate to consider a unidimensional structure. Likewise, the PFTQ exhibited good psychometric properties (α = .84; Ω = .83), and there was reasonable evidence of strict invariance by gender and across age groups. Moreover, the PFTQ was significantly and positively related to metacognition, learning strategies, mindfulness, conscientiousness, resilience and grit, whereas it was significantly and negatively related to intolerance of uncertainty, albeit to a lesser extent. Finally, a developmental progression of the PFTQ was observed during adulthood, with significant differences observed between the latent means of the three age groups, which was associated with moderate effect sizes between the emerging and the established or middle-age adult groups (d = 0.28 and d = 0.37, respectively). By contrast, a very small and practically negligible effect size was detected between the established and middle-aged adult groups (d = 0.09). Relativistic operations would appear to underlie psychosocial development in established adulthood, when they are most needed. Overall, the Spanish version of the PFTQ showed good psychometric properties and validity evidence of its utility to studying adult thinking.