bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FabLab as an Innovative Educational Approach in Higher Education
Authors: Khalifa Sajid
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores FabLabs as an innovative educational approach in higher education, originating from Professor Neil Gershenfeld's vision at MIT in 2001. FabLabs, or fabrication laboratories, are community-driven workshops that provide access to digital fabrication tools, enabling users to design and create physical objects from digital files. Their emergence in higher education is driven by the need for institutions to equip students with skills for the 21st-century workforce. By facilitating project-based, interdisciplinary learning, FabLabs allow students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges, embodying the principles of constructionism. Moreover, they cultivate a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, inspiring novel ideas and prototypes in a collaborative, maker-centric environment. This chapter comprehensively examines the theoretical foundations, pedagogical strategies, and implementation considerations necessary for the successful integration of FabLabs, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and best practices in higher education settings.
Organizational Sustainability Reporting and Corporate Citizenship
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Gonzàlez-Àvila Francisco J. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze some of the issues of organizational sustainability reporting and its interrelations with corporate citizenship. It departs from the assumption that appropriate research for organizational sustainability reporting contributes to the management governance leading to face the challenges of sustainability collaboration, innovation and sense making required by the development of a corporate citizenship. The method employed is the meta-analytic and meta-cognitive, reflective and descriptive based on the literature review of the issues on sustainability management governance. It is concluded that the issues of organizational sustainability reporting enhance the corporate citizenship of firms.
The Impact of Environmentally Friendly Business Practices on Organizational Climate
Authors: Öztürk Nazife
Published: December 2024

In recent years, environmentally friendly business practices have become an increasingly prominent aspect of the broader sustainability concept. The healthcare sector, and particularly hospitals, plays a pivotal role in this domain due to the considerable energy consumption, waste production and carbon footprint associated with this sector. This chapter aims to review current literature on the impact of environmentally friendly business practices on the organisational climate within hospital settings. In this context, employees' perceptions regarding green hospital practices will be investigated, and the role of these practices in shaping organisational culture and climate will be reviewed. This study will conduct a literature review study design using current studies and focus on future directions.
Perpendicularity Specification in Assembly for Function Designing a Machine Based on Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) by FEA Method
Authors: Pookpanchan Teetawach , Kongsin Tanongsak , Assawarungsri Tossaporn , Siriwan Nittaya
Published: December 2024

In the current designing and manufacturing machinery industry, the designing of high-precision assembly components with high-precision in perpendicular specification must be complied with the ASEM 14.5-2018 standard to control the geometric deviations of the components within the designer's requirements. The tolerance zones are defined by the designer, relying on experience in design and functional requirements of specific components. Resulting in the tolerance zone specification in the assembly of components may not coordinates with the designer's requirements. Analysing the assembly conditions between components will help designers to determine appropriate tolerance zones that suit the intended functional requirements of the components. In this research, the contact surfaces analysis during components assembly using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) demonstrates the damage caused by the geometric deviations of components A and B during assembly. The experiment is conducted with components under different perpendicular specification within the ASME 14.5-2018 boundaries. The results of deviation analysis on the contact surfaces of the components shows a strong correlation when controlled by size and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). This helps designers better understand the suitable tolerance zones rating for the intended functionality requirements between components. The obtained results will facilitate the improvement in manufacturing processes and design with a higher precision for reducing the impacts of uncertainties in production and enhancing the overall quality of components or products.
Delivering Patient-Centered Care with Respect to Patient Education and Health Literacy in Athletic Training Job Settings
Authors: Mitchell Alicia M. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Armstrong Tara A. , Greffly Thomas J.P. , Winkelmann Zachary K.
Published: December 2024

Context

A patient-centered care (PCC) environment allows athletic trainers (ATs) to develop trusting relationships with patients, enabling them to make the most informed care decisions. To provide PCC, the AT should assess health literacy and deliver quality patient education.

Objective

To explore the lived experiences of ATs from different job settings to identify how they deliver PCC specific to health literacy and patient education.

Design

Qualitative.

Setting

Virtual interviews.

Patient or Other Participants

27 ATs (age=34±10 y; women=15, men=12) from the physician practice (n=10), college (n=9), and secondary school (n=8) settings.

Main Outcome Measures

We interviewed the participants using a semi-structured interview protocol. Three researchers coded the transcripts following the consensual qualitative research process for each job setting. Trustworthiness was achieved through multi-analyst triangulation, member checking, and internal auditing.

Results

Four domains emerged from all interviews: 1) work environment, 2) essential traits and skills, 3) health literacy assessment strategies, and 4) patient education materials and delivery. In the work environment, ATs described the patient load, interprofessional relationships, and patient characteristics across settings. For essential traits and skills, ATs from the settings varied widely, and different strategies were needed based on differing patient needs. For health literacy assessment strategies, ATs did not formally assess health literacy and relied on perceptions and assumptions. Effective digital information and health informatics strategies were described for patient education materials and delivery.

Conclusions

ATs from physician practice, college, and secondary school settings describe using various strategies to create a patient-centered environment. Participants shared their behaviors in assessing health literacy and delivering patient education from various job settings.
Candida Endocarditis in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Mahajan Kishalay , Tripathi Pratik , Khandelwal Gaurav Kumar , Mehta Shaurya , Bhattacharjee Manna
Published: December 2024

Fungal endocarditis in hemodialysis patient is a rare and extremely debilitating disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The 2009 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines suggest the combined use of surgery and antibiotics to treat candidiasis; whereas, successful nonsurgical treatment of Candida endocarditis has been reported. Case Presentation: A patient with chronic kidney disease was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after experiencing fever with shortness of breath for last 15days and swelling of whole body for 1 week. Blood culture revealed Candida albicans infection. On further workup he was found to have infective endocarditis with a large vegetation across the tricuspid valve. He was treated with intravenous and oral antifungal therapy for eight weeks. Valvular surgery was not performed. The patient clinically improved. Central venous catheters and AV fistulae are major sources of infection. Strict adherence to hygiene rules and prevention guidelines are mandatory in hemodialysis patients to prevent infectious complications.
Recent advances in the prevention of secondary ischemic stroke: A narrative review
Authors: Qiao Yue , Fayyaz Aminah I. , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Zhao Wenbo
Published: December 2024

Stroke remains a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, with acute ischemic stroke comprising the majority of cases. Secondary stroke, the recurrent stroke, is often more severe and linked to worse functional outcomes and increased mortality. The secondary prevention of ischemic stroke is crucial for reducing the risk of recurrent events. Significant advancements have been made in secondary prevention strategies in recent years. These include the refinement of antithrombotic regimens, the use of direct oral anticoagulants in managing atrial fibrillation, and the implementation of more aggressive targets for blood pressure, lipid management, and glucose management. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches, such as remote ischemic conditioning and anti-inflammatory agents such as colchicine, have shown promise in reducing stroke recurrence through nontraditional mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke over the past 5 years, highlighting the key clinical trials and novel interventions. The optimization of traditional risk factor management and the emergence of novel therapeutic methods have provided more options for clinical practice. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal treatment strategies for specific patient subgroups and the clinical translation and application of new therapeutic methods.
Neuroprotective strategies in acute ischemic stroke: A narrative review of recent advances and clinical outcomes
Authors: Zhao Min , Qiao Yue , Weiss Alexander , Zhao Wenbo
Published: December 2024

Reperfusion therapy, which substantially promotes the vessel recanalization rate and improves clinical outcomes, remains the most effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, a substantial number of patients are either unsuitable for recanalization therapy or experience limited recovery postreperfusion. There is growing recognition that adjunctive neuroprotective therapies may further improve the outcomes in AIS patients by protecting brain tissue during ischemia. Recent advancements in neuroprotective approaches, including pharmacologic agents such as nerinetide edaravone, and uric acid, as well as nonpharmacological interventions, such as remote ischemic conditioning and normobaric hyperoxia, offer promising potentials in stroke care. This review provides an overview of the current neuroprotective therapies, examines recent clinical evidence, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of certain clinical trials aimed at cerebral protection.
Cerebral blood flow change with fluid resuscitation in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Miller Joseph , Moloney John Aidan , Elagamy Noah , Tuttle Jacob , Tirgari Sam , Calo Sean , Thompson Richard , Nahab Bashar , Lewandowski Christopher , Levy Phillip
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), cerebral autoregulation becomes dysfunctional, impacting the brain’s ability to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) at adequate levels. Reperfusion of affected and nearby brain tissue in AIS is currently the aim of treatment in AIS, but the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation on increasing the CBF is debated.

OBJECTIVE:

We investigated the hypothesis that early fluid resuscitation with normal saline bolus would improve CBF velocity in the initial resuscitation of patients with AIS.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective, quasi-experimental study on 30 patients in the early stages of AIS management. Patients had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 3 or higher. Patients met inclusion criteria if they were 18–90 years old and had time of stroke onset within 12 h. Patients with a severe underlying disability, hemorrhagic stroke, advanced directives for comfort care/hospice, as well as pregnant patients were excluded. Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring was performed. We performed transcranial Doppler (TCD) insonation of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) to measure CBF velocity. Each patient received a 500-ml normal saline crystalloid bolus as a standardized intervention, then had hemodynamic and TCD measurements repeated. Analysis was limited to patients with stroke confirmed with neuroimaging. Mean flow velocity (MFV) was compared before and postreceiving the bolus in the MCA ipsilateral to the ischemic location.

RESULTS:

Thirty patients were analyzed who had confirmed AIS. The mean age was 53 ± 13 years, 50% were female, and the median NIHSS was 6 (interquartile range: 4–7). Outcomes measured included various cerebrovascular and cardiovascular parameters. Infusion of 500-mL normal saline bolus produced increases in systolic blood pressure (+7 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–13 mmHg) and stroke volume (SV) index (+2.2 ml/m2, 95% CI 0.3–4.1 ml/m2). The mean change in MFV was not statistically significant (+0.3 cm/s, 95% CI-3.7–4.3 cm/s). An adjusted model showed higher age and lower baseline SV index were not associated with improved MFV following administration of the fluid bolus.

CONCLUSION:

Our prospective study of AIS patients revealed that a fluid bolus improves hemodynamic parameters, but did not significantly increase CBF velocity.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT02056821).
How to Write a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis?
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Naskar Chandrima
Published: December 2024

Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses are considered to be the highest level of evidence. They attempt to synthesize the existing original research and provide a structured and comprehensive approach to evaluate the existing evidence on any given research question. This article attempts to provide an overview of how a SR differs from other types of reviews and provides information on how to do a SR and meta-analysis. SRs differ from other types of reviews in terms of having a well-defined research question, systematic literature search, predefined eligibility criteria and outcomes, assessment of study quality, synthesis of findings, and, if possible, a meta-analysis. The different steps involved in carrying out a SR include defining the research question (by using the PICOT framework, i.e. population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe), developing a protocol and registering the same, carrying out a comprehensive literature search, carefully selecting the studies, extracting the data, assessing the quality of the included studies, data synthesis, and interpretation of results. For meta-analysis, additional steps involve the calculation of effect sizes, choosing the appropriate model for analysis (fixed vs. random effects), preparation of forest plots, assessment of publication bias, and doing subgroup/sensitivity analyses.
Ocular adnexal lymphoma – A single-center observational study of survival outcomes
Authors: Saraswathi Karuvel Kannan , Saini Pragya , Santhi Radhakrishnan , Muthukkaruppan Veerappan , Vanniarajan Ayyasamy , Kim Usha
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to comprehensively characterize the clinical, demographic, and histopathological features of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and assess their impact on patients’ survival outcomes.

Methods:

A total of 123 patients were included in the study; of these, 93 patients were selected for survival analysis. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, and correlation was assessed through the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis.

Results:

The median age at presentation was 56 years. Furthermore, 98% of patients had primary OAL. The orbit was the most common site of involvement. The majority of patients were of B-cell origin (98%), and only 2% of patients had T-cell lymphoma. In addition, 83% of patients were treated with chemotherapy, and with a median follow-up of 38 months, complete remission was achieved in 48% of patients. The median progression-free survival was 26.4 months. The presence of disseminated disease was strongly linked to an unfavorable prognosis (P < 0.001) and reduced survival (P = 0.037).

Conclusion:

The 5-year overall survival of the entire study cohort was 81%. The prognosis for OAL is found to be favorable, but the presence of dissemination serves as a notable predictor for poor prognosis.
Evaluation of change in the contact of IOL with the posterior capsule with respect to the orientation of haptics of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Shetty Naren , Patel Yash , Ranade Reshma , Jain Akash , Narasimhan Raghav , Bansod Apurva , Nuijts Rudy
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To study change in the contact of intraocular lens (IOL) with the posterior capsule with respect to the vertical versus horizontal orientation of the haptic–optic junction of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods:

Fifty eyes of 50 patients with senile immature cataract underwent topical phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of a monofocal IOL by a single experienced surgeon. The Rescan 700 SD-OCT system was used for intraoperative imaging. These patients were imaged using intraoperative SD-OCT after implantation of IOL, with the haptics oriented horizontally and then vertically.

Results:

The vertical height between the posterior surface of the lens capsule and the posterior surface of IOL reduced significantly when the haptics were oriented vertically compared to horizontal orientation. This difference was found on analyzing both vertical as well as horizontal axis scans.

Conclusion:

We found a greater contact between the posterior capsule and the posterior surface of IOL, with the haptic optic junction of the IOL oriented vertically. This study also suggests the need for newer toric IOL designs which allow vertical orientation of haptics, leading to better contact between IOL and the bag.
Forensic Analysis and Removal of Date-Rape Drug Present in the Spiked Drinks
Authors: Prabha Murugan Aadolin , Nesaraj Arputharaj Samson , Arunkumar Manasai
Published: December 2024

Background:

Beverages play a positive role in a balanced diet. Beverages can provide an enjoyable and refreshing mind to reach a particular target. In beverages, date-rape drugs, such as Rohypnol, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and ketamine, were usually added to make victims to become weak, confused, unconscious, and vulnerable.

Aims and Objectives:

The aims and objectives of the research work are to analyze the beverages, viz., Sprite, Coca-Cola and Coffee by analytical techniques and to degrade the date-rape drug present in the beverages by photocatalysis using activated carbon as the photocatalyst material.

Materials and Methods:

The drug (clonazepam) and beverages used in the research work were analyzed using FTIR, UV and HPLC techniques.

Results:

From the FTIR, in beverages (Sprite and Coca-Cola), the peaks corresponding to C-O and O-H functional groups confirmed the presence of CO2 and H2O and in Coffee, the presence of νas (COC) and νs (COC) vibration bands is found out. The UV-visible analysis confirmed the λmax value for activated carbon as 251 nm. Under visible light and activated carbon photocatalyst, 53.57% of drug molecule was degraded from coca cola which was found to be highest than other beverages. The degradation of drug molecule was also confirmed by the reduction in the peak area for a particular retention time through HPLC analysis.

Conclusion:

Photocatalysis can be effectively used to remove any drug present in the spike drinks.
Comprehensive Analysis of Detection Methods for Over-the-counter Codeine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ravindran Anagha , Sharma Tina , Sankhla Mahipal Singh
Published: December 2024

Concerns have been raised about how readily available over-the-counter (OTC) codeine formulations may be contributing to the expanding opioid epidemic. Focusing on the analytical methods used to find and measure codeine in various sample types, this systematic review provides a thorough analysis of OTC codeine abuse and misuse. It also includes case studies that highlight the seriousness of the problem by describing codeine-related deaths and intoxications. A wider view of the issue is provided by the crime statistics in this paper that relate to codeine and related drugs in India from 2017 to 2021. A thorough electronic search covering the years 2012–2022 was carried out from February 2023 to April 2023 to compile this review. Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed were just a few of the search engines used. While crime statistics for India were sourced from the National Crime Records Bureau website, case reports were gathered from the Journal of Medical Case Reports and Wiley Online Library. Studies examining OTC codeine, its abuse, and the analytical methods used for its detection and quantification were all covered by our inclusion criteria. Case reports involving codeine seizures, fatalities, and intoxications were also included, along with review and research papers. On the other hand, studies with little connection to OTC codeine, books, documents, clinical trials, meta-analyses, non-English papers, and publications with only abstracts were disregarded. With the help of this systematic review, we located 531 studies in databases, 83 of which satisfied our inclusion requirements. Our research is organized into sections that cover crime data, case studies of codeine-related overdoses or deaths, and detection methods. For researchers, medical professionals, and policymakers actively engaged in the fight against codeine abuse and the societal harms it causes, this review is an invaluable resource.
Analysis of Acute Poisoning Cases Presenting to the Medical Emergency Department
Authors: Nuzhat Qudsia , Nagesh Simhadri V. S. D. N. A. , Neog Parthajyoti , Singh Sujata , Bairagi Kaustav Kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Acute poisoning cases are always a medical emergency. Immediate management with proper identification of the poisoning agent is very much important. This study aimed to estimate the sociodemographic pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases so that the emergency health-care provider can decide on a suitable management procedure as well as effective preventive measures as early as possible when they receive a patient.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective observational study was carried out for a 1-year duration after getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Patients of either gender with acute poisoning were collected from the records of the medical emergency department of the hospital with the details of age, gender, occupation, type of poisoning, route of administration, and outcome. Analysis was done with suitable software.

Results:

We got a total of 91 acute poisoning cases, where 61 (67.03%) patients survived and 30 (32.96%) patients succumbed to death. The highest cases were seen due to aluminum phosphide (ALP) and it was about 47 (51.64%), followed by organophosphorus (OP) 21 (23.07%). The most common age group was early adulthood (20–30 years) followed by the adolescence (10–19 years) age group. Male cases were 50 (54.94%) compared to females 41 (45.05%) and married cases were 51 (56.04%) compared to unmarried cases 40 (43.95%).

Conclusions:

ALP poisoning was highest followed by OP, and all cases were suicidal in intention. Male cases were higher than female cases. Delayed reporting to the hospital significantly increased the death rate.
Knowledge and Awareness of Metabolic Syndrome and its Relationship with Periodontal Disease among Dental Practitioners in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uppin Rabiya Basari , Varghese Sheeja S. , Baseer Mohammad Abdul , AlMugeiren Osamah Mohammed , Mubaraki Sarah , Alsaffan Abdulrahman Dahham
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the knowledge of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the awareness of its association with periodontal disease (PD) among dental practitioners in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 dental practitioners using a convenience sampling method. A structured, closed-ended, self-reported, valid, and reliable instrument was used to assess the demographic characteristics, MetS knowledge, and awareness of the association between MetS and PD. Each correct and incorrect answer was scored 1 and 0, respectively. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequency and percentages for categorical variables. Knowledge and awareness scores were compared using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results:

The mean knowledge score for MetS was 3.72 ± 2.32, while the awareness score for the association between MetS and PD was 3.55 ± 1.73. Significant differences were found in MetS knowledge based on nationality, with non-Saudi dental practitioners scoring higher (147.96) than Saudi dental practitioners (109.77, P < 0.001). Similarly, awareness of the relationship between MetS and PD differed significantly by nationality (non-Saudi: 159.77 vs. Saudi: 105.45, P < 0.001), educational level (bachelor’s vs. Saudi board vs. master’s: 96.75 vs. 119.67 vs. 139.98, P < 0.001), and professional rank (general dental practitioners vs. specialists vs. consultants: 109.13 vs. 130.27 vs. 154, P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

Dental practitioners in Riyadh exhibited limited knowledge of MetS cutoff values, but their awareness of the connection between MetS and PD was moderate. These findings underscore the need for continuous professional education to enhance both MetS knowledge and the understanding of its relationship with periodontal disease. Enhanced education and training on MetS and its oral health implications should be prioritized in dental curricula and continuing education programs. Given the potential impact of MetS on periodontal health, improving dental practitioners’ awareness can lead to earlier identification and management of related oral health issues, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Future studies could explore the impact of targeted educational interventions on improving dental practitioners’ knowledge of MetS and its relationship with PD. Further research should also investigate how increased awareness influences clinical practice and patient care, especially in preventing and managing periodontal disease in patients with MetS.
Factors Influencing Adolescents’ Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes Towards Oral Health in the Rupa-Rupa District, Peru
Authors: Espinoza-Andres Katherin Miluska , Dulanto-Vargas Julissa Amparo , Carranza-Samanez Kilder Maynor
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim:

This study aimed to identify factors associated with adolescents’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes (KPA-OH) regarding oral health in the Rupa-Rupa district, a high jungle region of Peru.

Materials and Methods:

An analytical study was conducted with a sample of 408 adolescents (aged 13–17 years) from seven public schools in the Rupa-Rupa district (elevation: 649 meters above sea level). The sample was stratified by sex, age, and school. Data were collected using a 49-item questionnaire, which included sections on knowledge (10 items), practices (10 items), and attitudes (13 items) toward oral health, as well as 16 sociodemographic variables. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed (KMO ≥ 0.537, Bartlett’s test: P < 0.001, ω ≥ 0.7). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze associations, with significance set at P < 0.05, using Jamovi software.

Results:

Correct knowledge regarding oral health was highest for understanding the functions of teeth (speech, chewing), the link between caries and bacteria-sugar interaction, the relationship between gingivitis and gum inflammation, fluoride as a remineralizing agent, and the use of dental floss for cleanliness (73.3%–99.8%). Appropriate oral health practices, such as using an individual toothbrush, replacing it quarterly, and brushing twice a day for 2 minutes (89.8%–99.8%), were associated with being the only child and not having reading difficulties (P ≤ 0.03). Positive attitudes toward brushing and dental visits for caries and gingivitis prevention were more prevalent in females (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that demographic factors explained 21.4% of the variance in oral health knowledge (F = 2.05, P < 0.001), but had no significant predictive value for oral health practices (P = 0.127) or attitudes (P = 0.230). Significant predictors of better knowledge included being female (β = 0.3257, P = 0.026), aged 15–17 years (β = 0.6477–0.8246, P ≤ 0.006), and having part-time employed parents (β = 0.5097, P = 0.007). Negative associations with knowledge were observed in adolescents with reading difficulties (β = −0.6376, P = 0.018) and comorbidities (β = −0.5405, P = 0.031).

Conclusion:

Factors such as sex, age, sibling position, general health, reading abilities, and parental employment status were found to influence adolescents’ oral health knowledge, practices, and attitudes. Clinically, these findings suggest that targeted oral health education programs should consider these demographic factors, especially for adolescents with reading difficulties and comorbidities, to improve oral health outcomes in underserved populations. The results also highlight the need for interventions that emphasize preventive oral health practices, particularly among younger adolescents and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral Health Perception, Hygiene Behaviors, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Myanmar
Authors: Thwin Kaung Myat , Lin Wa Than , Kaneko Noboru , Takehara Sachiko , Ogawa Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various aspects of daily life, including oral health. However, limited research has explored the effects of the pandemic on oral health perceptions, hygiene behaviors, and their subsequent influence on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in underserved settings. This study aims to assess changes in oral health perceptions and behaviors during the pandemic and their impact on OHRQoL in Myanmar.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 at a township health center in Yangon, Myanmar. A total of 158 participants were included in the study. Clinical oral assessments were performed alongside face-to-face interviews, which collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health perceptions and behaviors, psychological factors, and OHRQoL. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and regression analyses were used to explore associations and predictors of OHRQoL.

Results:

Among the 158 participants, 30.4% reported a decline in oral health perception, and 27.8% reported negative changes in oral hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes were significantly associated with a history of COVID-19 infection, depressive symptoms, and bleeding on probing during oral examinations. Regression analysis revealed that worsened oral health perception (B = −2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.00, −0.18) and negative changes in hygiene behaviors (B = −2.27; 95% CI = −4.57, −0.02) were associated with poorer OHRQoL. However, these associations became nonsignificant after adjusting for confounding factors. Notably, a history of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization remained a statistically significant predictor of poorer OHRQoL in all models.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of participants reported worsened oral health perception and negative changes in oral hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to a decline in OHRQoL. However, the influence of other confounding factors, such as psychological and socioeconomic variables, needs to be carefully considered. Clinically, these findings highlight the importance of integrating psychological support and targeted oral health interventions in the post-pandemic recovery phase, particularly in underserved settings. Public health initiatives should address the long-term impacts of the pandemic on oral health behaviors and perceptions to improve OHRQoL in affected populations.
The Influence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Mandibular Position on Visual Capacities: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Marchesi Alessandro , Bellini Dorothea , Pellegrini Clarita , Rizzi Alessandro , Marchesi Roberto , Sardella Andrea
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims:

To verify the possible association between the stomatognathic and the visual system by analyzing the effects that different mandibular postures may have on the accommodative capacity and ocular convergence and by assessing whether temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can influence visual abilities.

Materials and Methods:

A case-control study was performed during a 1-year period on a sample of 100 subjects (50 cases and 50 controls). The subjects underwent a gnathological examination, and two visual tests were performed in three different jaw positions: maximum intercuspation, resting position, and open mouth. The statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS program based on t-test to compare the different jaw positions and the odds ratio to understand the prevalence of visual defects in TMD patients.

Results:

A statistically significant worsening was observed comparing the visual capacities measurements from the maximum intercuspation to the open mouth position; “case group” measurements showed a worsening trend compared to the “control group” (P value < 0.05 in all comparisons). Furthermore, the examinations showed statistically significant results with reference to the relationship between TMD and their negative influence on visual abilities (P value = 0.007 for convergence and P value = 0.012 for accommodation).

Conclusions:

Based on our data, TMD individuals performed worse in vision tests compared to healthy subjects and the presence of occlusal contacts appears to improve convergence and accommodation. The reduced reproducibility and accuracy of the orthoptic tests and the small sample number were the principal limitations of our study. The future perspective could be to investigate whether the visual apparatus could benefit from the treatment of stomatognathic disorders.
Effect of Fluoride-incorporated Bioactive Glass Toothpaste on Remineralization of Primary Enamel Lesions: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Katkanchano Nuttamon , Rirattanapong Praphasri , Yimcharoen Veeritta
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization effect of fluoride-incorporated bioactive glass (F-BG) toothpaste on artificial subsurface caries in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Forty sound primary maxillary incisors were subjected to a demineralizing solution for four days to induce artificial enamel caries. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): Group I, F-BG toothpaste (530 ppm fluoride) (BiominF®); Group II, 0.22% sodium fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm fluoride) (Colgate®); Group III, 0.32% sodium fluoride toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride) (Colgate®); and Group IV, deionized water as a control. Over the course of seven days, each specimen was treated with a slurry of the respective toothpaste twice daily, followed by pH cycling to simulate oral conditions. Mineral density (MD) values were measured at depths of 0, 40, 80, and 120 μm using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after the pH cycling. The percentage of remineralization was calculated based on changes in MD. Statistical comparisons among the groups were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:

At depths of 0, 40, and 80 μm, both F-BG toothpaste (Group I) and the 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste (Group III) demonstrated significantly higher remineralization than the 1000 ppm fluoride toothpaste (Group II) and the control group (Group IV) (P < 0.05). No significant difference in remineralization was observed between Group I and Group III (P > 0.05). At a depth of 120 μm, none of the test groups showed significant remineralization compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

The fluoride-incorporated bioactive glass toothpaste (530 ppm fluoride) demonstrated remineralization effects on enamel comparable to those of the 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of both surface and subsurface enamel restoration in primary teeth. Clinically, this suggests that F-BG toothpaste may be a viable alternative for remineralization therapy in pediatric populations, especially in situations where lower fluoride concentrations are preferred for young children. Further long-term studies are needed to assess the clinical durability and efficacy of F-BG toothpaste in caries prevention and management.
The Impact of Online Learning and Health Behavior on Mental Health among Thai Dental Students during the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Wangsathaporn Kamonnat , Worawichayaporn Thanyarat , Kittinawawit Wuttipong , Hemprachitchai Yanapat , Kaewsutha Nathawut
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of online learning on the mental health and health behaviors of Thai dental students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among Thai dental students from first to sixth year who had been engaged in online learning during the COVID-19 period. A total of 440 students participated. Data were collected from January to March 2023 using an online questionnaire comprising 36 items addressing demographic information, online learning experiences, and health behaviors, including exercise and sleep. Psychological health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression.

Results:

The study found high rates of mental health issues among the participants, with 58.2% experiencing depression, 57.3% experiencing anxiety, and 41.1% reporting stress. Personal factors influencing mental health included university type and household situation. Key factors associated with depression were the number of hours spent on assignments and the quality of the online learning environment (β = 1.096, 1.193). For anxiety, factors such as frequency of exercise, sleep quality, time spent on assignments, and familiarity with assignment submission platforms were significant (β = −0.773, −0.666, 0.801, 1.002). Stress was significantly correlated with the frequency of exercise, sleep quality, and assignment workload (β = −1.072, −0.497, 1.210).

Conclusions:

The findings highlight a significant association between online learning-related factors, such as the number of hours spent on assignments, and the mental health outcomes of dental students. Health behaviors, particularly exercise and sleep quality, were also linked to mental health status. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing assignment-related stress, improving sleep hygiene, and promoting physical activity may be crucial in mitigating mental health problems among dental students. Clinically, addressing these factors could enhance both psychological well-being and academic performance, ultimately contributing to more effective learning environments for dental professionals.
Evaluating the Awareness and Knowledge about Probiotics in Postgraduate Students of an Indian Dental College
Authors: Upasana Kumari , Sandhu Rameet , Kataria Prerna , Sinha Abhik , Vatsa Ritesh , Parveen Nisha
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Probiotics are vital in maintaining gut health. With increasing drug resistance, it is crucial to keep healthy gut microbes, making probiotics essential.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of probiotics among postgraduate students of an Indian dental college.

Methods:

This observational study utilized an online self-administered questionnaire, which was developed using a thorough review of the literature, consisting of 19 questions divided into three parts. The term probiotics was also assessed as general commercial compositions of both probiotics and prebiotics. The data gathered were analyzed statistically.

Results:

Postgraduate dental students were well aware of probiotic terms from TV or newspapers; however, necessary technical specifications were not known during purchase and were not familiar with trade names of probiotic preparations in the market.

Conclusion:

Students have good knowledge of probiotics and associated health benefits but technical information concerning commercial probiotics is lacking.
Accuracy and Stability of Clear Aligner Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vigneshkumar V. , Deepak E. R. , Ferreira Vania , Waremani Afshan S. , Nishaevitha N. A. K. , Ammal K. Thankamani , Singh Garima
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

This systematic review evaluates the long-term stability and retention of clear aligner treatment, focusing on factors like aligner compliance, attachment use, and treatment duration. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched electronic databases and manual sources, identifying 112 records and narrowing down to six relevant studies. These studies compared clear aligners to traditional braces, highlighting their effectiveness, especially for mild crowding and anterior movements. Clear aligners, particularly Invisalign, showed benefits like shorter treatment times and higher patient satisfaction. However, variability in treatment accuracy and limited long-term follow-up indicate a need for further research. Overall, clear aligners offer a discreet, flexible, and effective orthodontic option.
Evaluation of the Liver and Pancreatic Functions in Patients with Alcohol-Related Sialadenosis – A Case Control Study
Authors: Elavarasi E , Gunasekaran Vinothini , Thirumal Mohan , Subramaniyan R Balaji , Austin Ravi David , Thirumalai S
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sialadenosis or sialosis is the asymptomatic symmetric parotid enlargement without inflammation or neoplasia, seen in persons 30–69 years old, often related to chronic alcohol use, endocrine disorders, and obesity.

Materials and Methods:

This was a case-control study done at Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital from September 2013 to July 2014, comprising 15 patients with alcoholic sialadenosis (Group A) and comparing them with 15 alcoholic patients without sialadenosis (Group B). Parameters monitored for liver and pancreatic functions were their serum levels of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, amylase, and lipase.

Results:

Group A had higher mean levels of GGT, AST, and ALT; a slightly increased AST/ALT ratio; and high serum amylase and lipase compared to Group B. Both groups consumed ethanol in excess.

Conclusion:

Biochemical differences suggest chronic alcohol effects on sialadenosis. Stable hepatic and pancreatic functions indicate that further research into sialadenosis may provide a potential diagnostic marker for liver and pancreatic disorders.
Cytomorphological and Cytomorphometric Analysis of Oral Squames in Smokers Using Computer Aided Image Analysis System
Authors: Choudhary Priyanka , Kasana Jyoti , Bhati Bhupender , Chandavarkar Vidyadevi , Bhargava Deepak , Mishra Mithilesh N.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the impact of smoking on oral mucosa and evaluate the role of cytomorphometry in diagnosing and prognosing potentially malignant disorders.

Study Design:

The study included 75 patients both smokers and non-smokers with and without smoking-related lesions. We measured cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), cellular area (CA) and nuclear area (NA) of buccal mucosa squames using PAP stain and image analysis software (Pixel Pro by Labo Med).

Results:

Smokers, regardless of lesion presence showed increased ND, decreased CD, increased NA and decreased CA compared to non-smokers. ANOVA and t-tests indicated significant differences (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Exfoliative cytology proves to be a simple, fast and cost-effective method for screening potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity.
Comparison of the Artificial Intelligence Versus Traditional Radiographic Interpretation in Detecting Periapical Periodontitis: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Nagareddy Bharath , Vadlamani Rohit , Venkannagari Nikhila Reddy , Jain Sulabh , Basheer Syed N. , Murugesan Sabari
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To compare the performance of an AI model with that of experienced radiologists in detecting periapical periodontitis using radiographic images.

Methods:

Thirty radiographic images (CBCT, panoramic, and periapical) were analyzed by an AI model and two experienced radiologists. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and confidence levels were evaluated. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis.

Results:

The AI model achieved 89.6% accuracy, 86.5% sensitivity, and 88.1% specificity. Radiologist 1 showed the highest performance (accuracy 98.5%, sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 96.7%), while Radiologist 2 performed slightly lower than the AI model (accuracy 81.7%, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 80%). The AI model demonstrated the highest mean confidence level (86.5% ± 9.18). Moderate positive correlations were observed between the AI’s confidence and that of Radiologist 1 (0.383) and Radiologist 2 (0.347).

Conclusions:

The AI model demonstrated comparable performance to experienced radiologists in detecting periapical periodontitis. These findings suggest that AI could serve as a valuable tool in dental diagnostics, potentially improving efficiency and consistency. However, further research is needed to refine AI models and evaluate their performance across diverse clinical scenarios.
Evaluation and Comparison of Accuracy of Complete Arch Digital and Conventional Implant Impression as Influenced by the Use of a 3D Printed Modular Splint –An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Pol Bhushan S. , Sabane Ajay V. , Jadhav Rajashree D. , Kadam Pankaj P. , Gachake Arti R. , Kalsekar Bhagyashree G.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To investigate the accuracy of Complete Arch implant impression digitally and conventionally with and without using a 3D printed modular chain splint.

Methods:

The STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines were use to conduct an analytical cross-sectional study. The total number of samples (n = 40) was derived and was divided into two groups with four subgroups: A1-Digital Impression without splinting of scan bodies (reference scan) and A2-Digital Impression splinted with 3D printed Modular Chain splint (test scan) and B1-Conventional Impression without Splinting of impression copings (reference scan) and B2- Conventional Impression splinted with 3D printed modular chain splint (test scan). In total 40 sample STL files were superimposed. Each analogue were assessed with respect to X, Y and Z axes (X-longitudinal, Y-lateral, and Z-vertical). All the data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22.0 with P < 0.05 as statistical significance.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the mean standard deviation along the X-axis (P > 0.05). The mean standard deviation along with a Y-axis (P > 0.05) also showed no statistical difference whereas along with the Z-axis mean standard deviation (P > 0.05). Along the vertical Z-axis, there was a significant difference in the mean standard deviation in comparison with the horizontal X and Y axes.

Conclusions:

There is no significant difference in accuracy of complete arch implant impression when the intraoral digital impression was compared to the traditional impression with or without the use of 3D printed modular splint.