bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated DC-DC Converter with Single Input and Dual Output for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Rambabu Muppidi , Raju G. Nooka , Manoj Vasupalli , Mohanarao P.A.
Published: September 2024

Portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) depend on multi-output converters. The literature has thoroughly investigated numerous single-input multi-output (SIMO) converters, especially addressing specific operating duty cycles and the present scenario during induct charging. The single-input dual-output (SIDO) converter is introduced in this document to circumvent these constraints. This unique converter has the capability to produce a number of output voltages, which may be absent if one examines the running duty cycles or the specific currents utilized to charge the inductor (whether iL1 > iL2 or iL1 < iL2). The proposed SIDO converter resolves challenges related to cross-regulation, confirming that the output voltage V01 (V02) remains stable despite oscillations in the load current i02 (i01). Another advantage is that it successfully solves common issues with anchoring ourselves between outputs. This arrangement was tested with a 300 W prototype circuit using modeling and experimental analysis.
Fuzzy Logic Based Energy Storage Management For Parallel Hybrid Eleсtriс Vehiсle
Authors: Hussein A. H. A. , Vijaya Rama Raju V. , Saritha G. , Subramani R. , Alsalami Zaid
Published: September 2024

For the parallel hybrid electric vehicle, the various control strategies for energy management are illustrated with the implementation of fuzzy logic. The controller is designed and simulated in two modes for the economy and fuel optimisation. In order to manage the energy in HEV with three separate energy sources—batteries, Fuel cell and a supercapacitor system, —this article intends to create a fuzzy logic controller. By considering a complete system, the operating efficiency of the components need to be optimized. the control strategy implementation will be performed by the forward-facing approach. The fuel economy is optimised by maximising the operating efficiency in this strategy while other strategies does not have this extra aspect. The ability controller for parallel hybrid vehicles is mentioned in this research to enhance fuel economy. Although the earlier installed power controllers optimise operation, they do not fully utilise the capabilities. Hybrid vehicles can be equipped with a variety of power and energy sources such as batteries, internal combustion engines, fuel cell systems, supercapacitor systems or flywheel systems.
Solar cookware setups- A comprehensive review
Authors: Nayak Ashu , Raghatate Kapesh Subhash
Published: September 2024

In developing countries, cooking accounts for a significant amount of the energy used. Emerging as a potential solution to sustainable processing of food, solar food processors provide eco-friendly substitutes for traditional processes. Therefore, solar cookers are widely used in homes in these countries. There would be a decrease in the quantity of CO2 released into the atmosphere if solar cookers were used. Despite the fact that a large number of solar cookers have been studied and developed by scientists and researchers worldwide, there is still not enough application for them. A number of reasons, such as their size, weight, lack of open space, sluggish cooking, predetermined cooking durations, and lack of expertise, contribute to the restricted use of solar cookers. A design prototype of solar cookers, such as parabolic cookers, box-type solar cookers, panel-type solar cookers is provided by the presented work. This paper offers a thorough analysis of solar food processors, including their applications, benefits, operating mechanisms, design concepts, and drawbacks. The paper clarifies the possible benefits of solar food processors in improving food security, lowering carbon footprint, and supporting environmentally friendly growth by a comprehensive analysis of the body of published research and examples.
Power System Stability Improvement Through PV Integration and Unified Power Flow Control
Authors: Haval Abhijeet Madhukar , Afzal Md
Published: September 2024

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been shown to benefit significantly from the contributions of photovoltaic (PV), according to the consensus between scientists. The power quality issues (PQI) and stability in real-world voltage sag/swell and harmonics have been significantly improved as a result of photovoltaic (PV) technology, as is evident. Additionally, there is a growing interest in the incorporation of photovoltaics (PV) into the electrical power system (EPS). In order to strengthen the stability of the situation, this generates a UPFC by employing the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) method. As a result, the MPPT technique’s objective is to determine the most effective means of reaching peak power. Consequently, the PV-UPFC technology has a significant influence on the PQI at the EPS in this manner. Using the PV-UPFC array, this article did an excellent job of modelling the EPS utilising the array. Furthermore, the 400-kW PV-UPFC farm is composed of four PV arrays, each of which is capable of producing up to 100 kW of power when exposed to 1k KW/s2 of sunlight. Remember that a single PV-UPFC array block is composed of sixty-four parallel strings. This is an important part of the equation. The alternative is that each string of PV-UPFC panels is comprised of five Sun-Power SPR/315E modules that are connected in series through the use of MATLAB-Simulation.
Sensor network for monitoring and fault detection in drip irrigation systems based on embedded systems
Authors: Srinivasa Rao V. , Hamza Laeth H.J. , Shamila M. , Bisht Deepa , Kumar Panthangi Ravi
Published: September 2024

Modern agriculture relies heavily on drip irrigation systems because they effectively distribute water to plant roots, maximising both crop yield and water usage. However, maintaining agricultural output depends on making sure these systems continue to function. In order to provide real-time monitoring and control inside irrigation networks, this article leverages embedded systems technology to investigate the integration of sensor networks for monitoring and fault detection in drip irrigation. Rather than only evaluating the literature, the study attempts to propose a unique sensor network architecture and demonstrate its effectiveness through experimental evaluation. It is determined that defect detection and real-time monitoring are essential for quickly resolving problems and maximising resource use. The suggested architecture makes use of actuators, sensors, embedded systems, and communication protocols that are all thoughtfully placed to gather pertinent data, including readings of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and pressure. Algorithms for fault detection are designed to examine sensor data and spot irregularities in the irrigation system, allowing for prompt intervention and water-use optimisation. To evaluate how well the suggested sensor network design detects and locates defects, experimental validation in actual agricultural environments is carried out. The importance of sensor networks and embedded systems in improving drip irrigation sustainability and efficiency is highlighted by this study. It highlights the need for more study to address current issues and develop sensor network capabilities especially suited for agricultural applications, and it makes suggestions on possible advantages for agriculture and water management.
Performance Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Model Reduction Analysis
Authors: Yadav Kamlesh Kumar , Kirit Dhablia Dharmesh
Published: September 2024

Lithium-ion cells exhibit superior energy and power density, longer cycle life, and lower cost compared to other types of batteries. Research is required to streamline the utilisation of lithium-ion cell stacked battery packs with battery management systems (BMS). The Battery Management System (BMS) detects temperature, current, and voltage, and offers users information on the state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH). Sensor device noises can lead to measurement inaccuracies in larger stacked battery cells. BMS engineers utilise equivalent circuit model (ECM) and state estimation techniques to tackle this issue. Cell degradation mechanisms were studied through numerical and experimental analyses using the PBM method with FEM. A transfer function was developed to analyse the increase in cell impedance based on chemical kinetics parameters. The cell’s electrochemical impedance characteristics were analysed through simulation and experimental studies using Nyquist and Bode plot analysis. The transfer function was simplified through approximation to reduce nonlinearities. A chemical mechanical stress analysis was conducted to assess the lithium concentration in a cell under a pulse voltage.
A Sustainable Alternative To The Batteries Used In IOT Devices
Authors: Kumari S. Sharmila , Sivapriya G. , Bebito A Abishek , V Keerthian , P Kishore
Published: September 2024

A lot of studies have shown that the synchronous switch energy producer solutions increase the rate of energy production from vibration (i.e.) piezoelectric ones which comes with capacitive output impedance. These ones use inductive branch to compensate capacitive source. Some studies have done the reciprocal (i.e.) to compensate inductive source they use capacitive branch. In these, the controllers are very bulky which is not a desired ones for making sustainable energy for the IOT devices. This synchronous switch method will work with two rounds of ON/OFF actions in each vibration cycle. By this method we can improve the power factor, thus the energy production is increased. This method uses very less amount of switching actions than other methods we use just like pulse width modulation ac-dc rectifier designs. The detailed working is given in this article. It also shows the result proving that this synchronous switch method outperforms the diode- bridge rectifier energy converting methods by 62.1%-96.4%.
Investigation of maximum power point tracking of different kinds of solar panel under partial shading conditions
Authors: Vijayshankar G. R. , Dhivya K. , Hamza Laeth H.J. , Priyadharshini M. , Rao G. Mallikarjuna
Published: September 2024

In order to remove the most outrageous potential result power with high following viability in varied working situations, photovoltaic (PV) systems should operate at a largest power point (MPP). This essay examines yet another insane power point following (MPPT) method for eliminating the pinnacle electricity from the PV board or bunch in situations that are primarily concealed (PSCs). In the suggested calculation, the overall apex (GP) with a high mixing rate and high following efficiency is sought for by the estimation, which takes into account the bio-awakened Whale Upgrade (WO) with reinitialization process when the PV structure is subjected to change in hidden model. The suggested computation lowers the computational burden associated with the current MPPT estimates as stated in different compositions and lessens power stalling when operating conditions vary. The suggested method is demonstrated and replicated using MATLAB/Simulink programming in several test scenarios. The suggested procedure is carried out in a distinct and regular manner, aggravating and providing insight (PO). The following time and following capacity of the Dull Wolf Improvement (GWO) and Creamer GWO (HGWO) approaches, as well as the diversion outcome, demonstrate that the WO technique has a high following efficiency (>95%) and a short mixing time (<0.15sec) under PSCs with less power movements. The execution assessment is completed in a similar manner to the fill portion, relative effect disaster/gain, and dumbfounding mishap.
Model based fault detection analysis of transmission line switching and harmonics for resistive load
Authors: SimiMargarat G. , Dhabliya Dharmesh , Al-Fatlawy Ramy Riad , Almoussawi Zainab abed , Rekha M. , Tharmar S.
Published: September 2024

In this work, firstly a simulation model has been developed for the characterization and harmonic analysis of the load voltage during the condition of the faults. For this, primary line, backup line and MOSFET have been considered in this model. The MOSFET is used in the model to transfer the control from primary to backup line automatically under the condition of the fault. Moreover, a hybrid approach, considering the RMS of the Fundamental component of voltage at each instant, has also been developed, for the detection of faults and for the estimation of the fault durations. It is shown that the proposed hybrid approach is proficient in the detection of fault and estimates the fault duration without producing any error. In addition to this the estimation of duration, time of occurrence and magnitude of harmonics are relatively compared with the event of voltage interruption.
Polymer Ceramic‐based Dielectric Composites for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Dhabliya Dharmesh , Husain Saif O. , Hussein A. H. A. , Bobba Phaneendra babu , Mangaiyarkarasi V.
Published: September 2024

Because they fully utilize the filler and matrix features, dielectric composites are a beneficial addition to the family of energy conversion and storage materials. An overview of current advancements in the production of high-performance polymer-ceramic dielectric composites is the goal of this essay. High performance applications, thermal stability, electromechanical energy conversion, solid-state cooling, and capacitive energy harvesting and storage are prioritized. Dielectric composites are produced using new methods such as electrospinning, cold sintering and 3D printing.. The limitations of these approaches as well as their possibilities for further study are covered. In order to develop high- performance dielectric composites, the benefits and drawbacks of popular theoretical computational techniques—such as the phase field model, the finite element model, and machine learning approaches—are investigated. To wrap up this analysis, let me briefly discuss how composite dielectrics will evolve in the future.
Dimensionality Reduction of the CORDEX-CA GCM-RCM Multimodel-ensemble on Precipitation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering (HC)
Authors: Mendez Maikel , Calvo-Valverde Luis-Alexander , Araya-Obando José-Andrés
Published: September 2024

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering (HC) were applied to reduce the dimensionality of a 19-member multimodel-ensemble combining different General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) as part of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) for the Central America domain (CA). A subset of 12 Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) was selected to evaluate the performance of each ensemble-member on precipitation against daily observational data from the Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO), located in Alajuela, Costa Rica for the baseline period 1971-2000. The ETCCDI indices are designed to measure and quantify climate variability and associated trends. Results from the PCA analysis indicate that over 95% of the variance can be explained by the first three principal components (PC-1 through PC-3), showing high correlations, strong contributions and fair representation of most ETCCDI indices. HC clustering on the other hand, groups ensemble-members into 4 closely related clusters of common attributes (cluster-1 through cluster-4), with models ranging from dry to wet patterns. Afterwards, ensemble-members were sampled from each cluster to generate a sub-ensemble of representative simulations, reducing the original ensemble from 19 to 5 members, while still retaining its fundamental characteristics. Later, two multi-model ensemble-means (MEMs), one using the entire ensemble and the other using the 5-member subset were generated and their performance evaluated by means of five objective functions (nRMSE, MBE, MDA, PBIAS and MAE) against the observational dataset for the reference period. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between both MEMs, implying that the applied techniques are effective in reducing dimensionality, preventing double-counting of highly dependent simulations, and consequently reducing the associated computational costs. Ultimately however, both MEMs noticeably overestimate seasonal precipitation during the reference period, suggesting the need for applying bias correction (BC) techniques prior to their use in impact assessment studies at local levels.
Recycling of Waste Paper to Convert into Environmental Friendly Mosquito Repellent Sticks Using Natural Azadirachtin
Authors: Sapkal Vaibhav , Somra Kevin , Kharra Pooja , Sharma Rahul , Dogra V.K. , Sapkal Pooja
Published: September 2024

The term waste is for undesirable or pointless resources produced by human activity in residential, industrial, or commercial environments. It can be divided into three categories. Depending on its: source (household, industrial, commercial, building, or institutional); and composition (organic material, glass, metal, plastic, paper, etc.). The educational institute, offices, packing of goods etc generate huge quantity of paper waste every year. The waste paper is major issue in municipal solid waste. Paper pulp can be made from a variety of sources, including wood, recycled paper waste, and other plant-based materials. Neem, also known as Azadirachta indica, is a tree readily available in nature having grate medicinal value and helps to protect environmental pollution. Neem is a evergreen tree that grows quickly and is widely used. It may be found all over India. A single mosquito bite can put you in the hospital for Chikungunya, Dengue, or Plasmodium falciparum (malaria). Use of sophisticated electric mosquito-killing devices or chemical mosquito repellents is the only method to stop this. Neem and paper waste are combined to create mosquito repellent that is both environmentally friendly and has natural and practical benefits. Neem may be utilized to manufacture helpful items such as insect repellent. Sticks used to ward off mosquitoes are made of burning paper pulp, or paper waste. Dryobalanops Aromatica, another name for camphor, is a white, crystalline material with a powerful, aromatic scent. Numerous characteristics of camphor include its physical, chemical, flammability, and fragrant attributes. Due to these characteristics, camphor is utilized as an aromatic substance in mosquito- repellent sticks. It also aids in the burning of mosquito-repellent sticks.
Application of Sun Tracking Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technology with Parabolic Reflectors to Power an Electrolysis System for Yielding Green Hydrogen from Potable Water
Authors: Parawan Angel Joyce Rodeo , Tayactac Reylina Garcia
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen energy, a clean and sustainable energy source, has received much attention recently. Water electrolysis combines the cathode’s hydrogen evolution process with the anode’s oxygen evolution reaction, which is a potential approach for producing hydrogen. High-grade energy is needed for advanced solar energy utilization technology such as electrolysis to provide the most compact, and efficient application. Electrical and thermal energy needs may be satisfied by concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. Utilizing CSP technology with parabolic reflectors has several advantages, including a proven track record of financial return on investment, a well-developed technology, and simplicity of integration with other renewable energy sources or fossil fuels. Given the world’s current environmental status and the continuing degradation of fossil fuel supplies, the direct use of potable water as a medium for hydrogen synthesis has emerged as a hot research issue. Because of its availability in the Philippines and how it can be produced by desalinating seawater, immediate use of potable water as the medium for water electrolysis can minimize the cost of hydrogen generation. Research on yielding hydrogen gas as an alternative energy source by an electrolysis system powered by sun-tracking CSP with parabolic reflectors was thoroughly done to gather data. Results show that green hydrogen gas can indeed be yielded and can be more effective with the use of sun-tracking CSP.
Advances in Pressurized Volumetric Solar Receivers: A Review
Authors: Belmonte Carl , Tayactac Reylina
Published: September 2024

Concentrated solar power (CSP) has the potential for hybridization with geothermal energy to improve the thermal efficiency of geothermal plants and help combat climate change by utilizing renewable energy sources. The solar receiver is an important component in any CSP system. Thus, the design of the receiver must be considered and optimized to maximize the efficiency of the system. This paper reviews pressurized volumetric solar receivers to provide an overview of the current research in PVR. A significant portion of the studies considered in this paper focused on the theoretical analysis of receivers compared to experimental testing. Receiver prototypes were tested under solar radiation or solar simulator conditions. The thermal efficiency of PVR varies from 60-90%, while the outlet air temperature varies from 700-1000 °C. Some studies also validated the theoretical models using experimental data to determine the accuracy of the results. The importance of the review findings is that they demonstrate that the advances in numerical modelling of PVR are accurate enough to be comparable to the results obtained by experimental testing. Further research is recommended to quantify the breakeven point of the computing cost of PVR modelling.
Digital-based Gamad music learning
Authors: Darsono Ali , Sukmayadi Yudi , Masunah Juju
Published: September 2024

Gamad music is a traditional art found in Padang City which is spread in various regions in West Sumatra. Usually Gamad music is learned based on oral tradition, currently the oral learning system is an obstacle in transferring knowledge from generation to generation, so the use of digital technology in the learning process can help achieve learning objectives in Gamad music. This article aims to describe the results of research on digitalbased Gamad music learning at the college level using software and YouTube media. The research method uses qualitative descriptive data. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the study concluded that using software and YouTube media in learning Gamad music can accelerate students in knowing, understanding and playing gamad music. Although Gamad music playing by students is still simple, because Gamad music playing is very complex.
Transformation of tanji arts: A study of style changes in today’s music
Authors: Suwarjiki Diki , Masunah Juju , Julia J.
Published: September 2024

Tanji art has historical and cultural value for the Buahdua Sumedang community. The beginning of the emergence of this art began with instruments or musical instruments, a set of drumband instruments such as: clarinet, trumpet, trombone, snare, bass drum and cymbals that played reports of Sundanese songs. Along with the times and social dynamics, this art has transformed with different musical instruments than when it first appeared. The aim of this research is to explore, analyze and trace what factors influence musical changes in Tanji art in Buahdua today. The research method uses qualitative methods with an ethnographic design, data collection techniques are carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observation. Data were analyzed to understand the cultural and social context underlying changes in Tanji music. Factors such as globalization, modernization and changing preferences of local communities play an important role in these changes. Apart from that, the adoption of technology in the implementation of Tanji arts also influences the musical aspect. A deep understanding of the dynamics of this change can provide insight for stakeholders in efforts to preserve traditional arts while still responding to the demands of the times. It is hoped that this study will be a contribution to the literature regarding changes in music in the context of traditional arts in Indonesia.
Digital audio preservation for Indonesian traditional vocal recognition based on machine learning: A literature review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Midyanti Hafizhah Insani , Sukmayadi Yudi , Sella Fensy , Midyanti Dwi Marisa
Published: September 2024

The study aims to save Indonesia’s extensive voice history by comprehensively examining existing literature and doing a bibliometric analysis. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of this field’s development, methodology, obstacles, and potential future paths. The key focus is machine learning approaches to identify and safeguard Indonesian traditional vocals using several methods, like spectrogram-based techniques, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, transfer learning, attention mechanisms, and hybrid learning. Examining these technologies considers Indonesia’s voice variety, providing insights into their adaptability to handling distinct scales, tunings, and stylistic variances. The study incorporates a bibliometric analysis to measure the expansion of literature and ascertain the prominent authors, journals, and keywords in this developing topic. This study improves our comprehension of the research terrain and the conceptual paths that drive the progress of the field. Indonesia’s traditional vocal music faces the imminent challenges of industrialization and globalization. However, there is hope for developing machine learning to preserve digital audio data of traditional music, especially traditional vocals in Indonesia, some of which are almost extinct. We explore the use of machine learning to honour and protect Indonesia’s varied vocal traditions while also considering the ethical responsibilities associated with this undertaking.
The image of Sundanese women in the Jaipongan dance of Mojang Priangan
Authors: Narawati Tati , Hapidzin Rivaldi Indra
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the ideal image of Sundanese women depicted in the song “Mojang Priangan” from 1960 and in the “Mojang Priangan” dance performed in the Jaipongan genre in 2000. Dance and song as cultural products embody cultural values that have historically evolved due to various influences. Understanding the cultural and historical context underlying these songs and dances requires a deep analysis of the song lyrics and dance choreography. This research employs an ethnochoreological approach, combining ethnic dance studies with ethnomusicological analysis to understand the relationship between music and dance in cultural and ethnic contexts. This approach focuses on performance semiotics, viewing performing arts as layered entities consisting of text layers (art theory analysis) and context layers (analysis from various relevant scientific fields). The research method used is qualitative with the following steps: (1) structuring the dance; (2) describing the dance; (3) analyzing the lyrics and dance text; (4) synthesizing the text and context of the Mojang Priangan song and dance; (5) comparing the song and dance texts; and (6) interpreting the Mojang Priangan song and dance. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results show that Iyar Wiarsih’s song Mojang Priangan portrays Sundanese women as beautiful, educated, graceful, well-dressed, and behaving elegantly according to the ideals of the 1960s. The lyrics reflect the aspirations and hopes of the Sundanese community at that time. On the other hand, the Mojang Priangan dance, adapted into the Jaipongan genre by Ega Robot Percussion, depicts Sundanese women as agile, energetic, and independent. The choreography demands body flexibility and upright posture, reflecting a dynamic and strong image of women. The main difference between these two images is the change in values and demands of the times, requiring an improvement in the quality of Sundanese women’s values over time
Music education in an era of the digital transformation
Authors: Kwon Sumi
Published: September 2024

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution era, it is anticipated that profound changes will occur not only in the demographics, politics, economy, and science and technology of global society but also in all fields, including values and ideologies. Over the past three years, as the world has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been rapidly transitioning into a digital society. Consequently, based on the experiences of the past three years, it is necessary to examine the impact of this transition to a digital society on music and music education, which are often perceived as the most analogous among human artistic activities. To achieve this, this study aims to investigate the advantages and limitations of conducting music education in a digital learning environment, the technological constraints, the utilization of instructional media and teaching strategies to overcome these limitations, and the challenges that future music education will face.
Total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy using a monoblock cylindrical cementless stem for severe developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe type III, IV)
Authors: Kanda Akio , Obayashi Osamu , Mogami Atsuhiko , Morohashi Itaru , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: September 2024

Background: Treatment of patients with Crowe type III and IV dislocated hips is challenging because of the hip deformity in these patients. In addition to the usual total hip replacement, shortening and reduction of the femur are often required. We herein report on our surgical technique using a monoblock cylindrical cementless stem and a direct lateral approach. Methods: This study included patients with a diagnosis of severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (Crowe types III and IV) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty at our hospital from August 2019 to January 2022. Eleven hips of seven patients were treated. All patients underwent horizontal osteotomy using a monoblock cylindrical cementless stem and a direct lateral approach. Complications such as dislocation, infection, and implant dropout were evaluated. In addition, the clinical assessment included the hip range of motion at the last observation and hip function based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ). Results: The average operation time was 224 min (range, 194–296 min), and the average bleeding amount was 396.1 g (range, 20–1010 g). The main complications were acetabular implant dislocation, postoperative dislocation, intraoperative arterial injury, intraoperative proximal femoral fracture, subsidence of femoral implant. and postoperative pulmonary infarction, which occurred in one patient each. Conclusion: Total hip arthroplasty for Crowe type III and IV hips is associated with various surgical technical difficulties because of its anatomical characteristics. While patients with severe osteoporosis are contraindicated, the use of a cylindrical monoblock cementless stem and the direct lateral approach makes it possible to simplify the procedure for shortening the femur and increase the indications for surgery. Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level Ⅳ.
Microtearing mode in electron temperature pedestal evolution and collapse of KSTAR H-mode plasmas
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Kim Minho , Yun Gunsu S. , Kim Minwoo , Kwon Jae-Min , Kim Juhyung , Yi Sumin , Ko Sehoon , In Yongkyoon
Published: September 2024

While the electron transport barrier remains in its final form before an edge-localized mode crash, edge turbulence manifests as fluctuations in electron temperature. Because edge turbulence is closely related to the evolution and collapse of pedestal, the microscopic spatial structure and dynamics of electron temperature fluctuations during the electron temperature pedestal evolution phase are studied using broadband electron cyclotron emission measurements. The cross phase between the electron temperature and potential fluctuations is evaluated using a velocimetry technique to identify the nature of turbulence. A comprehensive comparison of the properties of various instabilities confirms that the micro-tearing mode is a leading candidate associated with the electron temperature pedestal evolution and collapse. The quadratic transfer function reveals that the energy within the pedestal is nonlinearly transferred to the interior of the electron temperature pedestal before the pedestal collapse, resulting in radial change in the mode structure and dynamics.
Wind tunnel testing of wind turbine and wind farm control strategies for active power regulation
Authors: Gonzalez Silva J. , van der Hoek D. , Ferrari R. , van Wingerden J. W.
Published: September 2024

Wind energy has emerged as a prominent alternative energy source, harvesting energy through turbines to contribute sustainably to the electricity grid. Effective control of these turbines is crucial for regulating power generation, with wind farm control strategies geared toward maximizing on-demand energy generation. In this work, we propose a wind turbine regulator based on blade-pitch actuation and assess the impact of adopted turbine derating strategies on aerodynamic loading and downstream power availability in an experimental setting. By considering a derating strategy based on generator torque control law, we explore two wind farm control approaches: thrust balance and power compensation. Our findings highlight the advantages of balancing aerodynamic loads across the farm, preventing turbine saturation, and enhancing power availability by 3%–5% compared to a uniform power dispatch. Furthermore, the inclusion of power compensation results in a heightened upper limit in wind farm power tracking, indicating a 22% boost in wind farm power availability. This research underscores the potential benefits of innovative turbine regulation strategies for optimizing wind farm performance and enhancing overall energy flexibility.
Concurrent sensing of vector magnetic field based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy ensemble using a time-divided hardware-synchronized protocol
Authors: Zhai Yunpeng , Cheng Luheng , Song Yumeng , Li Jiajun , Yu Zhiyang , Tian Yu , Xu Nanyang
Published: September 2024

A diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensemble has been developed as a vector magnetometry platform for sensing external time-varying magnetic fields. However, due to the complexity of manipulating electron spins along different directions, a current vector NV magnetometer often needs a large amount of supporting equipment, preventing its applications in a compact circumstance. Here, we develop a hardware-level protocol to realize a multi-axis NV magnetometer using only a single channel of microwave generation and signal detection resources. This mechanism is to monitor each resonance serialized in a sequence and measure the electron-spin frequency shifts concurrently in real time. The functionality is realized by a home-made control system with an on-chip direct digital synthesis generator and signal processor. We finally achieve a vector sensitivity of around 14 nT/Hz on four different axes at the same time. We also analyze the phase delay of the sensing signal between different axes induced by the protocol. This protocol is compatible with other schemes to further improve the performance, such as hyperfine driving, balanced detection, and high-efficiency photon collection methods.
Merging two molecular beams of ND3 up to the Liouville limit
Authors: Kuijpers S. E. J. , van Roij A. J. A. , Sweers E. , Herbers S. , Caris Y. M. , van de Meerakker S. Y. T.
Published: September 2024

In low-energy collisions between two dipolar molecules, the long-range dipole–dipole interaction plays an important role in the scattering dynamics. Merged beam configurations offer the lowest collision energies achievable, but they generally cannot be applied to most dipole–dipole systems as the electrodes used to merge one beam would deflect the other. This paper covers the design and implementation of a merged electrostatic guide whose geometry was numerically optimized for ND3–ND3 and ND3–NH3 collisions. This device guides both beams simultaneously and makes them converge up to an effective collision angle of 2°, yielding the optimal compromise between spatial overlap and the lowest possible collision energy. We present preliminary data for inelastic ND3–ND3 collisions.
Optically multiplexed neutron time-of-flight technique for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Tafoya L. , Wilde C. , Cata B. , Freeman M. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Ivancic S. , Katz J. , McBride R. , Sorce A. , Stanley B. , Danly C.
Published: September 2024

Neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors are crucial in diagnosing the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, which implode targets of deuterium–tritium fuel to achieve thermonuclear conditions. These detectors utilize the fusion neutron energy spectrum to extract key measurements, including the hotspot ion temperature and fuel areal density. Previous work [Danly et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94, 043502 (2023)] has demonstrated adding 1D spatial resolution to an nTOF-like detector using a neutron aperture and streak camera to measure the ion temperature profile of an ICF implosion. By contrast, the study presented herein explores modifying the 1D detector to use a fast photomultiplier tube (PMT) to validate the design of a 2D spatially resolved instrument based on reconstruction from 1D profiles. The modification would collect time-of-flight traces from separate scintillators in an imaging array with one PMT using optical fibers of varying lengths to time-multiplex the signals. This technique has been demonstrated in ride-along experiments on the OMEGA laser with 20 fiber-coupled scintillator channels connected to a Photek PMT210. Results provide constraints on the fiber lengths and PMT gating requirements to promote pulse fidelity throughout all channels. Calibration of the detector to fixed nTOFs can provide a preliminary estimate of the instrument response function (IRF), although measurement of the IRF is currently under way. These results suggest that nTOF signals can potentially be time-multiplexed with fibers so long as the design is strategic to mitigate signal-to-noise reduction, modal dispersion, and charge build-up in the PMT, which has implications beyond ion temperature imaging.
Dielectric responses of spin-density wave in La1.67Sr0.33NiO4 single crystal
Authors: Akbar Mochammad Yan Pandu , Salam Syafitra , Grams Cristoph P. , Diantoro Markus , Prijamboedi Bambang , Hemberger Joachim , Nugroho Agustinus Agung
Published: September 2024

The dynamics of spin and charge-ordered phases in La1.67Sr0.33NiO4 single crystal have been investigated using high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy. The measurements were carried out in frequencies between 0.156 and 316 MHz and temperatures from 50 to 320 K. The intrinsic part of the response by excluding the Maxwell–Wagner relaxation region is obtained below TSDW ∼ 120 K. The intrinsic frequency-dependent real dielectric constant ɛ′ and conductivity σ′ can be well described in terms of the constant phase element revealing a complex charge-hopping process. Our results are in agreement with the spin-density-wave puddles’ picture observed by the scanning micro-x-ray diffraction technique. These demonstrate that high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy can be utilized for investigating the various order phases in other transition metal oxides by considering their intrinsic responses.
Intelligent backpropagated predictive neural networks approach for acoustic wave-driven gas bubble dynamics in non-Newtonian fluid
Authors: Arain M. B. , Mahmood T. , Shaheen S. , Al-Yarimi Fuad A. M. , Hu J.
Published: September 2024

Ultrasound imaging, often known as sonography, employs high-frequency sound waves to generate images of inside structures of human body. Its non-aggressive nature and real-time capabilities make it commonly used in medical diagnostics. Ultrasound waves are projected into the body and their echoes are recorded to produce intricate images of organs, tissues, and fetuses in utero, among other things. An essential aspect of enhancing image quality and safety involves the examination of how sound waves interact with biological tissues, including the phenomena of propagation, reflection, and absorption of ultrasound. It is commonly employed to monitor the well-being and growth of the fetus throughout pregnancy. Various organs, such as liver, kidneys, heart, and blood arteries, are also examined to detect abnormalities, tumors, and other disorders. This work investigates the behavior of gas bubbles with a spherical shape in non-Newtonian fluid when subjected to an external sonic field. Artificial intelligence has greatly impacted fluid dynamics by enhancing mesh efficiency, reducing manual intervention, offering dependable predictions, aiding in data analytics, and allowing for machine automation. This research investigates the behavior of bubbles in the flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid model (THFM) through the application of artificial intelligence methods. The system employs Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous inputs (NARX) networks trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt technique (LMT), known as NARX. The NARX-LMT model was applied to data produced using the Adams numerical approach for the THFM by systematically adjusting parameters such as Weber number, Weissenberg number, pressure affecting velocity, and bubble radius. The effectiveness of projected THFM is demonstrated comprehensively through mean square error generated iterative learning curves, error histogram plots, analysis of adaptive control factors, regression, and time series response metrics for different versions of nonlinear differential equations of THFM based on bubble dynamics.
Reorganization of flow field due to load rejection driven self-mitigation of high load vortex breakdown in a Francis turbine
Authors: Masoodi Faiz Azhar , Salehi Saeed , Goyal Rahul
Published: September 2024

This paper reports the findings of an investigation on self-mitigation of the vortex breakdown phenomenon in a high-head model Francis turbine draft tube diffuser during the transition from high load to design operating conditions. The transient operating sequence is achieved by closing the flow regulating guide vanes assuming a linearly proportional decrease in flow rate. Scale-adaptive simulation shear stress transport turbulence model is used to ensure that the large-scale structures of the unsteady flow are resolved delivering a higher accuracy compared to complete averaging. The simulation is validated through a comparison between numerical and experimental axial velocity profiles on a radial line in the draft tube near its inlet. At high load, the numerical results agree satisfactorily with experiment, excepting slightly increased deviation in the central region due to the presence of vortex breakdown. However, at best efficiency point, a close agreement between numerical and experimental velocity profiles is seen in the central region as well. At high load, the vortex core is swollen, has sharp twists, encloses zones of flow stagnation and intermittent flow reversal, and is wrapped by a well-sped outflow through strong shear layers. Commencement of the transient sequence results in a gradual reorganization of the velocity field, leading to purge of major part of the vortex breakdown, like flow reversals and stagnation, within 50% of the time of load rejection. Onward, the flow is gradually restored to a streamlined, defect-free form. A comprehensive analysis and visualization of the evolving flow field is disseminated by this article.
Mechanical force matters in early T cell activation
Authors: Fritzsche Marco , Kruse Karsten
Published: September 2024

Mechanical force has repeatedly been highlighted to be involved in T cell activation. However, the biological significance of mechanical force for T cell receptor signaling remains under active consideration. Here, guided by theoretical analysis, we provide a perspective on how mechanical forces between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell can influence the bond of a single T cell receptor major histocompatibility complex during early T cell activation. We point out that the lifetime of T cell receptor bonds and thus the degree of their phosphorylation which is essential for T cell activation depends considerably on the T cell receptor rigidity and the average magnitude and frequency of an applied oscillatory force. Such forces could be, for example, produced by protrusions like microvilli during early T cell activation or invadosomes during full T cell activation. These features are suggestive of mechanical force being exploited by T cells to advance self–nonself discrimination in early T cell activation.
Fluorescence-activated droplet sequencing (FAD-seq) directly provides sequences of screening hits in antibody discovery
Authors: Autour Alexis , Merten Christoph A.
Published: September 2024

Droplet microfluidics has become a very powerful tool in high-throughput screening, including antibody discovery. Screens are usually carried out by physically sorting droplets hosting cells of the desired phenotype, breaking them, recovering the encapsulated cells, and sequencing the paired antibody light and heavy chain genes at the single-cell level. This series of multiple consecutive manipulation steps of rare screening hits is complex and challenging, resulting in a significant loss of clones with the desired phenotype or large fractions of cells with incomplete antibody information. Here, we present fluorescence-activated droplet sequencing, in which droplets showing the desired phenotype are selectively picoinjected with reagents for RT-PCR. Subsequently, light and heavy chain genes are natively paired, fused into a single-chain fragment variant format, and amplified before off-chip transfer and downstream nanopore sequencing. This workflow is sufficiently sensitive for obtaining different paired full-length antibody sequences from as little as five droplets, fulfilling the desired phenotype. Replacing physical sorting by specific sequencing overcomes a general bottleneck in droplet microfluidic screening and should be compatible with many more applications.
Multi-wavelength optoelectronic synapse based on MoS2/WS2 van der waals heterostructures
Authors: Qiao Yadong , Wang Fadi , Guo Wei , Wang Yuhang , Wang Fengping
Published: September 2024

The utilization of two-dimensional van der waals heterostructures in optoelectronic synapses allows for the integration of information processing and memory, thereby providing novel operating platforms for simulating the perceptual visual systems and developing the neuromorphic computing systems due to its contactless, highly efficient and parallel computing. Herein, we have constructed a straightforward MoS2/WS2 heterostructure optoelectronic synapse and examined its capacity to imitate synaptic behaviors under optical stimulus. The MoS2/WS2 device demonstrated several synaptic functions, such as the excitatory postsynaptic current, short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, pairs-pulse facilitation and ‘learning-experience’ behavior. Moreover, the MoS2/WS2 synaptic device can achieve a wide range of photo response wavelengths, spanning from UV to visible light, as well as the conversion from short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity. Furthermore, light-induced charge transfer due to adsorption and desorption of oxygen molecules in MoS2/WS2 heterostructure can be used to explain its working mechanism. Additionally, the synaptic plasticity of MoS2/WS2 device can be controlled by adjusting the duration, power and number of the optical pulses, which renders the MoS2/WS2-based optoelectronic synaptic device extremely favorable for implementation in the perceptual visual system.