bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observed and Simulated Fingerprints of Multidecadal Climate Variability and Their Contributions to Periods of Global SST Stagnation
Authors: Barcikowska Monika J. , Knutson Thomas R. , Zhang Rong
Published: October 2016

This study investigates spatiotemporal features of multidecadal climate variability using observations and climate model simulation. Aside from a long-term warming trend, observational SST and atmospheric circulation records are dominated by an almost 65-yr variability component. Although its center of action is over the North Atlantic, it manifests also over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, suggesting a tropical interbasin teleconnection maintained through an atmospheric bridge. An analysis shows that simulated internal climate variability in a coupled climate model (CSIRO Mk3.6.0) reproduces the main spatiotemporal features of the observed component. Model-based multidecadal variability includes a coupled ocean–atmosphere teleconnection, established through a zonally oriented atmospheric overturning circulation between the tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific. During the warm SST phase in the North Atlantic, increasing SSTs over the tropical North Atlantic strengthen locally ascending air motion and intensify subsidence and low-level divergence in the eastern tropical Pacific. This corresponds with a strengthening of trade winds and cooling in the tropical central Pacific. The model’s derived component substantially shapes its global climate variability and is tightly linked to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This suggests potential predictive utility and underscores the importance of correctly representing North Atlantic variability in simulations of global and regional climate. If the observations-based component of variability originates from internal climate processes, as found in the model, the recently observed (1970s–2000s) North Atlantic warming and eastern tropical Pacific cooling might presage an ongoing transition to a cold North Atlantic phase with possible implications for near-term global temperature evolution.
Sensational Offending: An Application of Sensation Seeking to White-Collar and Conventional Crimes
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Piquero Nicole Leeper
Published: October 2016

A recent trend in the study of crime is to investigate the role of individual differences in predicting offending, particularly in studying the differences between white-collar and conventional offenders. To further this line of inquiry, the current study assessed the role of the psychological trait of sensation seeking on individualistic white-collar crime and conventional crime, and also whether this relationship varied based upon the individual’s level of self-control. Results from a sample of undergraduate students revealed that there are more similarities than differences between these two offense types. Specifically, those with higher degrees of the unsocialized aspect of sensation seeking were more likely to report intentions to engage in both offense forms. Study implications and limitations are presented.
Testing and Explaining Differences in Common and Residual Factors Across Many Countries
Authors: Jak Suzanne
Published: October 2016

To make valid comparisons across countries, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across countries. The present article provides a nontechnical exposition of a recently proposed multilevel factor analysis approach to test measurement invariance across countries. It is explained that strong factorial invariance across countries implies equal factor loadings across levels and zero residual variance at the country level in a two-level factor model. Using two-level factor analysis, the decomposition of the variance at each level can be investigated, measurement invariance can be tested, and country-level variables can be added to explain differences in the common or residual factors. The approach is illustrated using two examples. The first example features data about well-being from the European Social Survey and the second example uses data about mathematical ability from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. The input-files and annotated output-files for both examples are provided in the supplementary files.
State Trauma Registries as a Resource for Occupational Injury Surveillance and Research
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Bowman Stephen M.
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

Work-related traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability among US workers. Occupational injury surveillance is necessary for effective prevention planning and assessing progress toward Healthy People 2020 objectives. Our objectives were to (1) describe the Washington State Trauma Registry (WTR) as a resource for occupational injury surveillance and research, (2) compare the WTR with 2 population-based data sources more widely used for these purposes, and (3) compare the number of injuries ascertained by the WTR with other data sources.

Methods:

We linked WTR records to hospital discharge records in the Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System for 2009 and to workers’ compensation claims from the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries for 1998 to 2008. We assessed the 3 data sources for overlap, concordance, and case ascertainment.

Results:

Of 9185 work-related injuries in the WTR, 3380 (37%) did not link to workers’ compensation claims. Use of payer information in hospital discharge records along with the WTR work-relatedness field identified 20% more linked injuries as work related (n = 720) than did use of payer information alone (n = 602). The WTR identified substantial numbers of work-related injuries that were not identified through workers’ compensation or hospital discharge records.

Conclusions:

Workers’ compensation and hospital discharge databases are important but incomplete data sources for work-related injuries; many work-related injuries are not billed to, reported to, or covered by workers’ compensation. Trauma registries are well positioned to capture severe work-related injuries and should be included in comprehensive injury surveillance efforts.
The Mitigating Role of Ecological Health Assets in Adolescent Cyberbullying Victimization
Authors: Chester Kayleigh L. , Magnusson Josefine , Klemera Ellen , Spencer Neil H. , Brooks Fiona
Published: October 2016

Over the last decade, cyberbullying has emerged as a public health concern among young people. Cyberbullying refers to intentional harmful behaviors and communication carried out repeatedly using electronic media. Considerable research has demonstrated the detrimental and long-lasting effects of cyberbullying involvement. This article draws on a social–ecological perspective to identify protective health assets from across the multiple environmental domains of the adolescent that may mitigate against experiencing cyberbullying. Data were collected from 5,335 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the 2014 World Health Organization Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study for England. Protective health assets were identified at the family (family communication), school (school sense of belonging and teacher support), and neighborhood (neighborhood sense of belonging) levels. In particular, the findings draw attention to the protective role fathers can play in supporting young people.
Fully automated stroke tissue estimation using random forest classifiers (FASTER)
Authors: McKinley Richard , Häni Levin , Gralla Jan , El-Koussy M , Bauer S , Arnold M , Fischer U , Jung S , Mattmann Kaspar , Reyes Mauricio , Wiest Roland
Published: October 2016

Several clinical trials have recently proven the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for treating ischemic stroke, within a six-hour window for therapy. To move beyond treatment windows and toward personalized risk assessment, it is essential to accurately identify the extent of tissue-at-risk (“penumbra”). We introduce a fully automated method to estimate the penumbra volume using multimodal MRI (diffusion-weighted imaging, a T2w- and T1w contrast-enhanced sequence, and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI). The method estimates tissue-at-risk by predicting tissue damage in the case of both persistent occlusion and of complete recanalization. When applied to 19 test cases with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grading of 1–2a, mean overestimation of final lesion volume was 30 ml, compared with 121 ml for manually corrected thresholding. Predicted tissue-at-risk volume was positively correlated with final lesion volume ( p < 0.05). We conclude that prediction of tissue damage in the event of either persistent occlusion or immediate and complete recanalization, from spatial features derived from MRI, provides a substantial improvement beyond predefined thresholds. It may serve as an alternative method for identifying tissue-at-risk that may aid in treatment selection in ischemic stroke.
Transient global cerebral ischemia induces rapid and sustained reorganization of synaptic structures
Authors: Zhu Lirui , Wang Lei , Ju Furong , Ran Yanli , Wang Cong , Zhang Shengxiang
Published: October 2016

Ischemia can cause rapid neuronal damage. Previous studies have suggested that synaptic structures and cortical functions can be rescued if therapeutic interventions are applied in time, but the structural basis for this resilience remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the restoration of synaptic structures and postischemic plasticity of dendritic spines in the somatosensory cortices of mice by taking advantage of a reversible global cerebral ischemia model. Intravital two-photon imaging revealed that although dendritic structures were rapidly distorted after global ischemia, only a small percentage of spines were actually lost after transient ischemia. Electron microscopy indicated that most presynaptic electron-dense structures were still apposed to postsynaptic densities, and that the majority of disrupted synaptic structures were rapidly reinstated following reperfusion after transient ischemia. Repeated imaging suggested that restored dendrites survived the initial ischemia –reperfusion challenge. Importantly, spines on the restored dendrites underwent a rapid and sustained structural reorganization following transient ischemia. These findings suggested that disrupted synapses during transient ischemia could be rapidly restored after ischemia/reperfusion, and that restored dendritic structures remained plastic to rebuild the cortical network.
Exploring Differences in Criminogenic Risk Factors and Criminal Behavior Between Young Adult Violent Offenders With and Without Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability
Authors: Segeren Menno W. , Fassaert Thijs J. L. , Kea Ruudje , de Wit Matty A. S. , Popma Arne
Published: October 2016

The relation between mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) and violent offense behavior was studied among a group of former juvenile delinquents currently in a diversion program for persistent young adult violent offenders from Amsterdam ( N = 146). Offenders were considered MBID if they had received juvenile probation from the local youth care agency specialized in intellectual disability (21%). A file study was used to estimate prevalence rates of criminogenic risk factors. Police data were used to depict recent criminal behavior. Nearly all offenders grew up in large and unstable multi-problem households and had psychosocial problems. More MBID offenders displayed externalizing behavior before the age of 12, were susceptible to peer pressure, and had low social-relational skills. MBID offenders committed more violent property crimes than offenders without MBID. Youth care interventions for MBID offenders should focus on the acquisition of social-relational skills and on the pedagogical skills of parents.
T/Tn immunotherapy avoiding immune deviation
Authors: Son Hye-Youn , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Kim Chul-Woo
Published: October 2016

Tumor immunotherapy, capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, is an attractive treatment strategy for cancer. It has been reported that the inactivation of cell-mediated immunity by hyper-activation of humoral immunity—referred to as immune deviation—does not inhibit tumor growth. We investigated the ability of several adjuvants to elicit Thomsen-Friedenreich (T/Tn)-specific humoral immunity while avoiding immune deviation and conferring protection against tumorigenesis. T/Tn (9:1) antigen was purified from blood type O erythrocytes donated by healthy Korean volunteers. Immunization was performed using T/Tn only, T/Tn mixed with Freund’s adjuvant (T/Tn+FA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (KLH-T/Tn+FA), or oxidized mannan-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (ox-M-T/Tn+FA). Anti-T/Tn antibodies were generated in the T/Tn+FA, KLH-T/Tn+FA, and ox-M-T/Tn+FA groups. The antibody level was highest in the KLH-T/Tn+FA group. Mice immunized with ox-M-T/Tn+FA showed specific complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and were protected against T/Tn-positive mammary adenocarcinoma cell challenge, although anti-T/Tn antibody levels were the highest in the KLH-T/Tn+FA group. These results demonstrate that an ox-M-conjugated T/Tn vaccine mixed with FA can promote cellular immunity while moderating the humoral immune response, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor growth.
Comparing Steady State to Time Interval and Non–Steady State Measurements of Resting Metabolic Rate
Authors: Irving Chelsea Jayne , Eggett Dennis L. , Fullmer Susan
Published: October 2016

The 2 most common methods to determine resting metabolic rate (RMR) with indirect calorimetry are steady state (SS) and time intervals. Studies have suggested SS more accurately reflects RMR, but further research is needed. Our objective was to compare the bias, precision, and accuracy of SS to time intervals and non‐SS measurements in a healthy adult population. Seventy‐seven participants were measured for 45 minutes using a Quark RMR. Inclusion criteria included healthy participants aged 18–65 years. Pregnant and lactating women were excluded. Paired t tests compared differences between measures. Bland‐Altman plots were used to determine precision. Bias occurred if there was a significant difference between the means. Accuracy was determined by counting the number of absolute differences between SS compared with non‐SS and time intervals that were <75 calories. Of 77 participants, 84% achieved SS, and 95% achieved SS by minute 30. Most differences between SS and time intervals were statistically but not practically significant. Bland‐Altman plots showed SS measurements were generally lower than any time interval, suggesting SS is more indicative of RMR. Non‐SS was significantly more biased (P = .0005), less precise (spread of limits of agreement was 269 calories), and less accurate (65%) than SS. We conclude that non‐SS is not equivalent to SS. We also conclude that using 5‐minute SS is more indicative of RMR than any time interval that was tested in healthy populations. If SS cannot be achieved, we recommend repeating the measurement.
Effect of socks structures on plantar dynamic pressure distribution
Authors: Soltanzadeh Zeynab , Shaikhzadeh Najar Saeed , Haghpanahi M , Mohajeri-Tehrani MR
Published: October 2016

A major purpose of investigating the plantar pressure in patients with pain or those at risk for skin injury is to reduce the pressure below metatarsal heads, specially first and second metatarsal heads. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of the socks structures on the changes in plantar dynamic pressure. In this study, seven socks types with different structures for the sole area were produced. The Gaitview® AFA-50 system, a force plate, was used to measure the plantar dynamic pressure of 10 participants. The barefoot plantar dynamic pressure distribution was compared with the plantar dynamic pressure distribution with socks by two independent samples test on various zones of the foot and on different genders using SPSS software. Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine specific significant differences. The obtained results showed that the main trend was to redistribute the plantar dynamic pressure from the higher plantar pressure zones (toe and first through forth metatarsal bone regions) were decreased and as a result the plantar pressure toward the relatively lower pressure zones (fifth metatarsal bone and midfoot regions). In comparison with the barefoot condition, the cross miss structure reduced the mean pressure in the critical region of the foot (first metatarsal) for male and female subjects ( p < 0.05) and also the mock rib structure reduced the mean pressure for female subjects ( p < 0.05). In general, the results suggested wearing the socks because the socks make the plantar pressure redistributed from high to low plantar pressure zones. The results of this research indicated that wearing socks with cross miss and mock rib structures will reduce the mean plantar pressure values in forefoot area in comparison with the barefoot condition.
Estimating age-specific reproductive numbers—A comparison of methods
Authors: Moser Carlee B , White Laura F
Published: October 2016

Large outbreaks, such as those caused by influenza, put a strain on resources necessary for their control. In particular, children have been shown to play a key role in influenza transmission during recent outbreaks, and targeted interventions, such as school closures, could positively impact the course of emerging epidemics. As an outbreak is unfolding, it is important to be able to estimate reproductive numbers that incorporate this heterogeneity and to use surveillance data that is routinely collected to more effectively target interventions and obtain an accurate understanding of transmission dynamics. There are a growing number of methods that estimate age-group specific reproductive numbers with limited data that build on methods assuming a homogenously mixing population. In this article, we introduce a new approach that is flexible and improves on many aspects of existing methods. We apply this method to influenza data from two outbreaks, the 2009 H1N1 outbreaks in South Africa and Japan, to estimate age-group specific reproductive numbers and compare it to three other methods that also use existing data from social mixing surveys to quantify contact rates among different age groups. In this exercise, all estimates of the reproductive numbers for children exceeded the critical threshold of one and in most cases exceeded those of adults. We introduce a flexible new method to estimate reproductive numbers that describe heterogeneity in the population.
The ethos of caring within midwifery: A history of ideas study
Authors: Larsson Åsa , Hilli Yvonne
Published: October 2016

Background:

The midwifery profession in Sweden has a history since the early 1700s when government training for midwives began. Midwifery is historically well described, but the idea of caring within midwifery is not described.

Aim:

The aim was to describe the patterns of ideas of caring as they appeared in midwifery during the first half of the 20th century. Research design: This study has a hermeneutic approach and the method is history of ideas. Sources of material are taken from the journal Jordemodern (Midwifery), textbooks for midwives, and midwifery regulations. The study has a caring science perspective according to Eriksson.

Ethical considerations:

This study is conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines for good scientific practice issued by The Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity. The special demands on approach to the analyzed text in history of ideas have been met.

Findings:

Three themes were identified: Serving as a way of life, Acting in a redemptive spirit, and Having independence with heavy responsibility. The various themes are not refined, but current ideas are woven into the weave that were characteristic of midwifery during the first half of the 20th century.

Conclusion:

History of ideas is a fruitful method for understanding and re-finding valuable cultural goods. We can once more stress the manner of being within the midwife’s profession where inner values, ethos, shape the manner of conduct in the care of women in childbirth.
Family Quality of Life
Authors: Bhopti Anoo , Brown Ted , Lentin Primrose
Published: October 2016

A scoping review was conducted to identify factors influencing the quality of life of families of children with disability. The review also explored the scales used to measure family quality of life (FQOL) as an outcome in early childhood intervention services (ECIS). Multiple databases were searched from 2000 to 2013 to include studies pertinent to ECIS. Results were charted and summarized based on scoping methodology. Eighteen articles were chosen for the review based on the selection criteria. Results were summarized as five factors that affect FQOL, namely, (a) disability-related support, (b) family interactions/family relationships, (c) overall well-being, (d) support from services, and (e) severity and type of disability. The review also identified two FQOL scales that were used most frequently within ECIS: (a) the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Survey, and (b) Family Quality of Life Survey: Main Caregivers of People With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities. It is recommended that those responsible for evaluation decisions within ECIS programs should consider using a FQOL scale to measure family outcomes. Furthermore, professionals working with families within ECIS should consider the factors affecting FQOL to further enhance their service provision.
Censor Morum? The 17th Amendment, Religious Diversity, and Ideological Extremism in the Senate
Authors: Neiheisel Jacob R. , Djupe Paul A.
Published: October 2016

The Madisonian formulation suggests that (religious) pluralism is linked to moderate representation when filtered through republican selection. We leverage the quasi-experiment afforded by the ratification of the 17th Amendment to explore whether religious diversity shapes how senators vote. The shift from indirect to direct elections, coupled with roll-call and religious Census data, allows us to test hypotheses derived from differing conceptions of pluralism and the literature on constituency effects in Congress. We find that religious diversity is linked to ideological moderation, but that link weakens considerably in the immediate aftermath of the amendment’s passage.
Thrombosis Prediction Based on Reference Ranges of Coagulation-Related Markers in Different Stages of Pregnancy
Authors: Sekiya Akiko , Hayashi Tomoe , Kadohira Yasuko , Shibayama Masami , Tsuda Tomohide , Jin Xiuri , Nomoto Haruka , Asakura Hidesaku , Wada Takashi , Ohtake Shigeki , Morishita Eriko
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Careful monitoring of the hypercoagulable state is required during pregnancy. However, coagulation and fibrinolysis markers are not fully utilized because there are no reference values reflective of coagulation and fibrinolysis dynamics during pregnancy, which differ from the nonpregnant state.

Methods:

Changes in antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen (Fbg), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble fibrin (SF), D-dimer (DD), and protein S (PS) were investigated in healthy pregnant women, and reference ranges in the early, mid, late, and end stages of pregnancy were established.

Results:

The AT was essentially constant throughout pregnancy. The Fbg, F1+2, TAT, and DD increased significantly as pregnancy progressed. In contrast, SF did not show a significant increase throughout the entire pregnancy period. Total PS antigen and total PS activity showed a corresponding decrease from early gestation. When test data in 3 cases in which deep vein thrombosis or intrauterine fetal death occurred during pregnancy were compared to the established reference ranges, all of the cases had multiple markers with values that exceeded the reference ranges.

Conclusion:

Establishing reference ranges for each week could potentially make it possible to evaluate abnormalities of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems during pregnancy. Of note, SF might be a useful marker that reflects thrombus formation during pregnancy. Larger-scale studies will be required to establish reference ranges for every gestational week.
Fighting Against Forgetting: Remembering the Places Where My Relationship With My Father Came Into Being
Authors: Clarke Daniel Wade
Published: October 2016

When cancer took my dad’s last breath, I was left with the fear that all the dark memories of our relationship might crowd out and overshadow some of my delightful son–father memories. Haunted by the fear of forgetting all those “good” memories, focusing on where they were created, I write into being some of the beautiful moments I want to preserve. Providing examples from my work of memory, the purpose is to show that we do not need to start with dark backgrounds before brighter futures can emerge. What happens when only mundane, beautiful memories are preserved is also considered.
A rhizomatic learning process to create collective knowledge in entrepreneurship education: Open innovation and collaboration beyond boundaries
Authors: Bissola Rita , Imperatori Barbara , Biffi Alfredo
Published: October 2016

Entrepreneurship literature has proven the efficacy of an experiential and collaborative learning approach that promotes entrepreneurial capabilities, that is, risk-taking, positive thinking, vision, intuitive decision-making, creative problem-solving, managing interdependency, tolerating ambiguity and innovation. To advance this, we propose a Deleuzian-inspired theoretical framework for entrepreneurship learning around innovation based on a rhizomatic perspective. We offer an illustrative case and identify the advantages and challenges of a rhizomatic approach to learning.
Gender effect on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin4-immunoglobulin G
Authors: Kim Sung-Min , Waters Patrick , Woodhall Mark , Kim Yoo-Jin , Kim Jin-Ah , Cheon So Young , Lee Sehoon , Jo Seong Rae , Kim Dong Gun , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Lee Kwang-Woo , Sung Jung-Joon , Park Kyung Seok
Published: October 2016

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin4-immunoglobulin G (NMOSD-AQP4) is an inflammatory disease characterised by a high female predominance. However, the effect of gender in patients with NMOSD-AQP4 has not been fully evaluated.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gender in clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients with NMOSD-AQP4.

Methods:

The demographics, clinical and radiological characteristics, pattern reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) test results, and prognosis of 102 patients (18 males) with NMOSD-AQP4 were assessed.

Results:

Male patients had a higher age at onset (48.7 vs 41 years, p = 0.037) and less optic neuritis as the onset attack (17% vs 44%, p = 0.026), higher tendency to manifest as isolated myelitis over the follow-up period (67% vs 28%, p = 0.005), fewer optic neuritis attacks per year (0.08 vs 0.27, p < 0.001), and shorter relative P100 latency on VEP testing (97.1% vs 108.3%, p = 0.001). Moreover, male gender was significantly associated with the absence of optic neuritis attacks over the follow-up period independent of their age of onset.

Conclusion:

In NMOSD-AQP4 patients, gender impacts on disease onset age and site of attack. This may be an important clue in identifying NMOSD-AQP4 patients with limited manifestations as well as in predicting their clinical courses.
Cerebellar contribution to motor and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: An MRI sub-regional volumetric analysis
Authors: D’Ambrosio Alessandro , Pagani Elisabetta , Riccitelli Gianna C , Colombo Bruno , Rodegher Mariaemma , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To investigate the role of cerebellar sub-regions on motor and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods:

Whole and sub-regional cerebellar volumes, brain volumes, T2 hyperintense lesion volumes (LV), and motor performance scores were obtained from 95 relapse-onset MS patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). MS patients also underwent an evaluation of working memory and processing speed functions. Cerebellar anterior and posterior lobes were segmented using the Spatially Unbiased Infratentorial Toolbox (SUIT) from Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12). Multivariate linear regression models assessed the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and motor/cognitive scores.

Results:

Compared to HC, only secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients had lower cerebellar volumes (total and posterior cerebellum). In MS patients, lower anterior cerebellar volume and brain T2 LV predicted worse motor performance, whereas lower posterior cerebellar volume and brain T2 LV predicted poor cognitive performance. Global measures of brain volume and infratentorial T2 LV were not selected by the final multivariate models.

Conclusion:

Cerebellar volumetric abnormalities are likely to play an important contribution to explain motor and cognitive performance in MS patients. Consistently with functional mapping studies, cerebellar posterior–inferior volume accounted for variance in cognitive measures, whereas anterior cerebellar volume accounted for variance in motor performance, supporting the assessment of cerebellar damage at sub-regional level.
Evaluating mobile phone applications for health behaviour change: A systematic review
Authors: McKay Fiona H , Cheng Christina , Wright Annemarie , Shill Jane , Stephens Hugh , Uccellini Mary
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Increasing smartphones access has allowed for increasing development and use of smart phone applications (apps). Mobile health interventions have previously relied on voice or text-based short message services (SMS), however, the increasing availability and ease of use of apps has allowed for significant growth of smartphone apps that can be used for health behaviour change. This review considers the current body of knowledge relating to the evaluation of apps for health behaviour change. The aim of this review is to investigate approaches to the evaluation of health apps to identify any current best practice approaches.

Method

A systematic review was conducted. Data were collected and analysed in September 2016. Thirty-eight articles were identified and have been included in this review.

Results

Articles were published between 2011– 2016, and 36 were reviews or evaluations of apps related to one or more health conditions, the remaining two reported on an investigation of the usability of health apps. Studies investigated apps relating to the following areas: alcohol, asthma, breastfeeding, cancer, depression, diabetes, general health and fitness, headaches, heart disease, HIV, hypertension, iron deficiency/anaemia, low vision, mindfulness, obesity, pain, physical activity, smoking, weight management and women’s health.

Conclusion

In order to harness the potential of mobile health apps for behaviour change and health, we need better ways to assess the quality and effectiveness of apps. This review is unable to suggest a single best practice approach to evaluate mobile health apps. Few measures identified in this review included sufficient information or evaluation, leading to potentially incomplete and inaccurate information for consumers seeking the best app for their situation. This is further complicated by a lack of regulation in health promotion generally.
Bifurcation nation: American penal policy in late mass incarceration
Authors: Seeds Christopher
Published: October 2016

The question has been posed whether current developments in American penal policy toward reducing prison populations and sentences for low level, nonviolent offenses might reflect the end of the mass incarceration era. Yet articulation of precisely what defines the present in American penal policy remains unclear. This paper identifies three distinctive features: a national-level program of comprehensive criminal justice reevaluation and reform in response to the excesses of recent policy; the distinguishing of groups for distinct treatments as a central principle and product of the reform program; and the fusion of previously distinct political and administrative logics that undergird the reform process. Rather than a full turn away from mass incarceration or an ambivalent mix of old and new, contemporary penal policy is better characterized as a bifurcation, responding uniquely, with new answers and new omissions, to the dilemmas and constraints of “late mass incarceration.”
The steps at Mariental: Gaps, incompleteness and shared spaces
Authors: West Tamara
Published: October 2016

This article explores the temporalities, presences, and absences of bodies and narratives within and beyond research, the connections and disconnections which these can create, and the different types of proximity involved in their construction. Here the gaps within ethnographic research, storytelling, and memory practices and the often fleeting shared spaces that might result from them (or exist perhaps despite them) are investigated. Through an exploration of a personal family narrative alongside an academic research project the article draws upon selected images, archives, interactions, and the often unanswered or unpursued questions which accompany these to explore further the role of gaps and shared spaces within research and within narratives, and also in relation to the potential for a more multifaceted understanding – and representation – of different levels, or proximities, of knowledge, narrative and experience.
On sawing a loaf: living simply and skilfully in hut and bothy
Authors: Hunt Rachel
Published: October 2016

This article considers the ideal of living simply, critically exploring the practical realisation that achieving simplicity in life is a complex and skill-laden business. Particular, localised versions of living simply are subject to consideration, centring on the lived experience of dwelling as exhibited in huts and bothies, a historic feature of contemporary rural landscapes in Scotland. The article considers the kinds of skilled practices associated with these built forms, and the embodied expertise understood by users and owners as emerging from time spent in simplified structures where modern conveniences do not come as standard. As such, it seeks to place skill within the 21st century but also question where skill is located physically, morally and imaginatively. In doing so, this discussion queries why a situated version of skill needs to be cast as personalised and place-based and subsequently introduces the adapted concept of a ‘skillscape’ after Ingold (2000).
Excavating Alternate Narratives in an Italian American Family: A Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Reale Michelle
Published: October 2016

The subjective experience of each family member regarding his or her treatment by a mother or father is interesting to say the least. Each has their own story to tell, which has the power to, by turns, confirm and/or contradict one another’s experiences. This can create ripple effect among extended members of a family and influence the intergenerational impact. This article will attempt to explicate, using poetic inquiry, the subjective experiences that each member of a family has had with the father, a Sicilian immigrant, creating evidence of another side of a man for whom only once side of a story has ever been told. It is important to disrupt the prevailing (negative) narrative to show a dimensional and more fully lived experience of a man whose angry and abusive temperament is legend. Poetic Inquiry helps to explicate these narratives in ways that are both truthful and evocative, offering insight into how we evaluate ourselves against our family history and how it affects our relationships with one another and with our own families in the present.
Effects of Upper Extremity Immobilization and Use of a Spinner Knob on Vehicle Steering
Authors: Jackson Lyle T. , Crisler Matthew C. , Tanner Stephanie L. , Brooks Johnell O. , Jeray Kyle J.
Published: October 2016

Background: A person’s ability to safely drive while immobilized is not well defined. Steering ability with a spinner knob during immobilization is unknown. The goal of this study is to further clarify the effect of immobilization on steering reaction time and accuracy with and without a steering wheel spinner knob. Methods: Twenty participants were enrolled in this crossover trial using a driving simulator with an automatic transmission. Five conditions were tested in a counterbalanced order. Steering reaction time and accuracy (number of errors on a dynamic steering task at 2 difficulty levels) were measured. Participants were allowed to steer with the immobilized extremity. Results: No significant differences in reaction time were observed between any conditions. Both immobilized conditions and difficulty level of the steering task led to diminished accuracy compared with controls, resulting in significantly more errors. The use of a spinner knob significantly improved the accuracy for the condition with the sugar-tong splint during the easier steering task, but this improvement was not observed in the harder steering task. There were no differences between conditions based on gender or observed use of the immobilized arm. Conclusions: Immobilization had a negative effect on steering accuracy for both the wrist splint and the sugar-tong splint condition, which may negatively impact driving ability of immobilized patients. Immobilization, regardless of spinner knob use, did not significantly impact steering reaction time. The steering wheel spinner knob did not consistently improve accuracy, and further study is needed to determine its utility.
Thomas Anstey Guthrie’s Madhouse Shuffle: Steps toward a nightmare scenario
Authors: Merchant Peter
Published: October 2016

This essay explores a film scenario called An Evil Spirit which Thomas Anstey Guthrie wrote in 1916. It studies the scenario’s origins in two remarkable prose narratives, one of them unpublished even now, that Anstey had produced years before: ‘ The Statement of V. M. patient at Bethnal House Asylum, July: 19: 1886’ (1888) and The Statement of Stella Maberly (1896). With the birth of the movies came an opportunity for Anstey to rethink this material, introducing new elements but also drawing out what was latent or implicit in the earlier works. While Anstey was by no means the most technically adept or inventive of screenwriters, he proved an eager learner; and, as a prime beneficiary of the developing early C20 synergy between fiction and cinema, he is a figure from whom we too have much to learn about the spirit of the age.
Reliability and validity of the Attributional Style Questionnaire- Survey in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kneebone Ian I. , Dewar Sophie J.
Published: October 2016

Background:

The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an attributional style measure that can be administered remotely, to people who have multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

A total of 495 participants with MS were recruited. Participants completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire-Survey (ASQ-S) and two comparison measures of cognitive variables via postal survey on three occasions, each 12 months apart. Internal reliability, test-retest reliability and congruent validity were considered.

Results:

The internal reliability of the ASQ-S was good (α > 0.7). The test-retest correlations were significant, but failed to reach the 0.7 set. The congruent validity of the ASQ-S was established relative to the comparisons.

Conclusions:

The psychometric properties of the ASQ-S indicate that it shows promise as a tool for researchers investigating depression in people with MS and is likely sound to use clinically in this population.
External Iliac Artery Vasospasm in an Elite Female Runner
Authors: Garlanger Kristin L. , Jelsing Elena J. , Finnoff Jonathan T.
Published: October 2016

A 33-year-old elite female runner presented to a tertiary care sports medicine clinic with a 2-year history of progressive anterior thigh and circumferential leg pain with associated foot paresthesias brought on by high-intensity running. She had both external iliac artery vasospasm and chronic exertional compartment syndrome. External iliac artery vasospasm is a rare cause of exertional leg pain, particularly in the running population. This case highlights the unique features of this condition, addresses the multidisciplinary approach that led to the accurate diagnoses, and demonstrates that more than 1 etiology for exertional leg pain can coexist in an athlete.
The Illusion of Moral Superiority
Authors: Tappin Ben M. , McKay Ryan T.
Published: October 2016

Most people strongly believe they are just, virtuous, and moral; yet regard the average person as distinctly less so. This invites accusations of irrationality in moral judgment and perception—but direct evidence of irrationality is absent. Here, we quantify this irrationality and compare it against the irrationality in other domains of positive self-evaluation. Participants ( N = 270) judged themselves and the average person on traits reflecting the core dimensions of social perception: morality, agency, and sociability. Adapting new methods, we reveal that virtually all individuals irrationally inflated their moral qualities, and the absolute and relative magnitude of this irrationality was greater than that in the other domains of positive self-evaluation. Inconsistent with prevailing theories of overly positive self-belief, irrational moral superiority was not associated with self-esteem. Taken together, these findings suggest that moral superiority is a uniquely strong and prevalent form of “positive illusion,” but the underlying function remains unknown.
Unconventional protests: Partisans and independents outside the Republican and Democratic national conventions
Authors: Heaney Michael T.
Published: October 2016

Protests at national party conventions are an important setting in which political parties and social movements challenge one another. This article examines the motivations of participants in these events. Drawing upon data from surveys of protesters outside the 2008 national party conventions, it focuses on how partisan and independent political identifications correspond with the reasons that individuals give for protesting. The results demonstrate that there are some conditions under which independents place a greater focus on issues than do partisans and under which partisans place a greater focus on presidential candidates than do independents. However, there are also conditions under which independents are inclined to work alongside partisans, such as trying to stop the election of a threatening candidate and in championing an issue outside their opposing party’s convention. The article argues that micro-level partisan identifications are thus likely to affect the broader structure of party coalitions. These considerations promise to become increasingly relevant as social movements – such as the Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, and Black Lives Matter – launch new campaigns against or within established parties.
A “Two-Level Social Capital Analysis” of the Role of Online Communication in Civic Activism: Lessons From the Role of Facebook in the Sunflower Movement
Authors: Tsatsou Panayiota , Zhao Yupei
Published: October 2016

In this article, we propose a “two-level social capital analysis” for the study of the role of online communication in new, contemporary forms of civic activism. We assess the applicability and value of the proposed analytical framework in a small-scale study of the role of Facebook in Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement. The case study showcases that the proposed two-level social capital analysis can offer depth and nuance in the analysis of the role of online and social media platforms such as Facebook in civic activism by unpacking the attributes of online social capital and untangling their links to offline activism undertaken within complex, both online and offline, forces and actors. At the same time, we acknowledge the need for further evaluation of the proposed analytical framework, and we note lessons that future research should take into account.
Picture a Protest: Analyzing Media Images Tweeted From Ferguson
Authors: Cowart Holly S. , Saunders Lynsey M. , Blackstone Ginger E.
Published: October 2016

This content analysis examines media depiction of events in Ferguson, Missouri, following the shooting of the unarmed teenager Michael Brown by a police officer. Using images from the Twitter feeds of nine major media outlets in the month following the shooting, it identifies themes present in those images. Descriptive statistics reveal differences in the roles of people who appear to be White and those who appear to be Black. The two groups are rarely pictured together. The visual narrative presented on Twitter depicts two distinct sides. Police are consistently shown prepared for conflict, but rarely are protesters in images with police. The implications of these findings are explored through the theoretical viewpoint of agenda setting.
Do Measures of Posttrauma Factors Better Explain PTSD Severity Than Pretrauma Factors? An Empirical Reply to Ogle et al. (2016)
Authors: van der Velden Peter G. , van der Knaap Leontien M.
Published: October 2016

Ogle, Rubin, and Siegler (2016) concluded that postevent risk factors account for PTSD symptomatology much better than pretrauma factors. However, in their study several postevent predictors such as involuntary recall and physical reactions to trauma memory were related to and assessed simultaneously with PTSD symptomatology. Removing content-related items from the PTSD measure would, according to the authors, ensure that results were not being driven by potential content overlap. In the present prospective study ( N = 887) we test their assumption that removing such items prevents that results are overlap driven. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that the associations between pre-event mental health and neuroticism on the one side and PTSD symptomatology on the other were equal regardless of if and which symptom cluster of PTSD was removed from our PTSD measure. Based on these findings we conclude that Ogle et al.’s assumption needs to be rejected.
Co-remediation of Ni-contaminated soil by halloysite and Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.)
Authors: Radziemska Maja , Mazur Zbigniew , Fronczyk Joanna , Matusik Jakub
Published: October 2016

The effects of increasing nickel contamination of soil on the update of selected microelements byBrassica junceaL. in the presence of raw halloysite (RH) and halloysite modified by thermal treatment (calcination) at 650°C (MH) were investigated experimentally. Such treatment causes partial dehydroxylation and enhances mineral-adsorption properties towards cations. In a vegetative-pot experiment, four different levels of Ni contamination,i.e.0 (control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 mg kg−1were applied in the form of an analytical-grade NiSO4·7H2O solution mixed thoroughly with the soil. Among the minerals which were added to soil to alleviate the negative impact of Ni on plant biomass, MH had a particularly beneficial effect on the growth ofB. juncea L. The amount of Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cr in Indian mustard depended on the Ni dose and type of accompanying mineral structure. The average accumulation of trace elements inB. junceaL. grown in Ni-contaminated soil follow the decreasing order Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr.
KIR gene haplotype: an independent predictor of clinical outcome in MDS patients
Authors: Stringaris Kate , Marin David , Barrett A. John , Hills Robert , Sobieski Catherine , Cao Kai , Saltarrelli Jerome G. , Daher May , Shaim Hila , Smith Nathaniel , Linch David , Gale Rosemary , Allen Christopher , Sekine Takuya , Mehta Rohtesh , Champlin Richard , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Rezvani Katayoun
Published: October 2016

Key Points

KIR haplotype A is an independent risk factor for the progression of MDS to AML.