bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La comunidad multiproyectual discursiva Tinkuy-Alpha18: un ejercicio de diseño conversacional
Authors: Gutiérrez Borrero Alfredo
Published: June 2017

Refiero grosso modo un ejercicio de investigación aplicada, a través de diseño, para implementar comunidades multiproyectuales discursivas: grupos de diseñadores y diseñadoras, quienes mediante diálogo permanente (diseño conversacional) se autodefinen (Tinkuy, Alpha18) para desarrollar en equipo,proyectos de responsabilidad individual. La investigación se realiza a partir de situaciones inducidas en el año 2011, con participación de 32 estudiantes del programa de Diseño Industrial, 23 mujeres y 9 hombres, de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano de Bogotá. Analizo la construcción y matices de un posible enfoque de Gestión Compartida de Proyectos (codiseño) que combina cuatro grandes insumos teóricos:

1. Los apelativos retóricos, tomados de Aristóteles y adecuados al diseño por Richard Buchanan y José Luis Ramírez González: logos (razón tecnológica), ethos (carácter de cadadiseñador) y pathos (componente motivacional individual-colectivo).

2. Las prácticas conversacionales discursivas, desde el rediseño del diseño de Klaus Krippendorff.

3. Las tácticas para fracturar el centralismo profesoral en el aula (topologías de redde Paul Baran).

4. Aproximaciones al conocimiento situado en sus modalidades decognición cultural y creación social (Donna Haraway y Christopher A. Le Dantec)

El resultado es una dinámica conversacional en curso entre pares para pasar de un aula tipo red centralizada (con flujos de ideas-valores-hechos determinados por el profesor), a un modelo de aula tipo red descentralizada (con decisiones acordadas entre profesor y estudiantes); a una aula-red distribuida donde la comunidad multiproyectual discursiva constituida por individuos autónomos asumió presencialmente, valiéndose de la red social Facebook, la responsabilidad compartida por todos los proyectos individuales.
Imagen, mujer y cultura: desterritorialización y apropiación de imágenes del Star System
Authors: Reyes Claudia Angélica
Published: June 2017

Esta propuesta surge del trabajo del Semillero de Investigación en Teoría e Historia del Diseño Gráfico de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, en su línea de investigación Teoría e Historia del Diseño gráfico, registrada en el grupo de Estudios de la Imagen, en Colciencias. El estudio hizo énfasis en el análisis de la imagen de la mujer en avisos de cigarrillos y bebidas alcohólicas publicados en algunas revistas que circularon entre 1950 y 1970 en Colombia, como la revista Estampa, Contrastes, Mujer al día y Cromos. Para este fin se utilizó una metodología de corte hermenéutico, el eje central es la interpretación de datos, en este caso de imágenes y sus contextos. Para llegar a dicho análisis e interpretación se recurrió además, al estudio de la historia de Colombia en las décadas de 1950 a 1970 ya la descripción de las fuentes primarias.
La poesía colombiana en la transición de dos siglos. Una lectura personal
Authors: Patiño Millán Carlos
Published: June 2017

Este ensayo pretende dialogar con la crítica, con los poetas colombianos y sus libros. En un país que se caracteriza por el ensimismamiento, el diálogo se extraña y se hace necesario. El texto propone, a manera de reflexión provocadora, una mirada particular sobre algunos de los más importantes poetas y movimientos poéticos colombianos de los siglos XX y XXI. A la vez que plantea otra lectura e interpretación quiere situar, en su contexto, unas voces y unos textos, una historia que es la historia de la poesía colombiana.
Cultura política, jóvenes y comunicación: Una lectura desde los Estudios Culturales
Authors: Gaviria Cuartas César Augusto
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo plantea la teorización de tres autores en torno al concepto de cultura política (Almond y Verba, Inglehart y Merelman), para señalar que los cambios en las expresiones políticas de los jóvenes en las últimas décadas obligan a un ajuste en la formulación de la cultura política desde su relación con la comunicación en Latinoamérica. Específicamente, se expone una lectura alternativa de las expresiones políticas de los jóvenes para establecer sus culturas políticas con base en la recepción de medios, en espacios cotidianos que manifiestan la coexistencia de lo tradicional y lo alternativo, lo reaccionario y lo contestatario.
Relaciones de conocimiento en las prácticas de alimentación
Authors: Calero Cruz Solón
Published: June 2017

Este estudio muestra la tensión que existe entre los conocimientos formal e informal, tanto en los procesos de capacitación de los agentes encargados de alimentar a los niños, en algunas escuelas públicas de Colombia, como en la aplicación práctica de sus saberes culinarios. Los muestrarios utilizados para ilustrar dicha tensión, visibilizan las dinámicas laborales de estos restaurantes que ayudan a entender las diferencias sociales que hay entre los restaurantes de la metrópoli y de la periferia rural. Pero además, y quizás más relevante, la recuperación de estas experiencias muestra cómo las acciones de cocinar y comer son experiencias sociales en la que se cuelan diversas vivencias estéticas, comunicativas, cognoscitivas, morales, temporales, espaciales y de género que expresan la condición humana y que hacen parte de los fundamentos antropológicos contemporáneos.
Cuando Theodor Adorno fue al cine no solo estuvo en Hollywood
Authors: Silva Rodriguez Manuel
Published: June 2017

Este artículo propone un acercamiento a distintas ideas que el filósofo Theodor Adorno expuso acerca del cine. El texto se ocupa, primero, de la inscripción que en este pensamiento el cine tiene como parte de la industria cultural. Frente a esta postura contrapone, después, otras tesis presentes en escritos menos comentados que el ensayo dedicado a la industria cultural. El texto, por lo tanto, sostiene que en la reflexión estética de Adorno el cine no fue valorado en un sentido único, como lo muestran algunos escritos suyos de los últimos años de su vida. Quedarse, entonces, solo con la idea de que Adorno entendió el cine únicamente como mercancía y negación del arte sería desconocer una filosofía que, por su amplitud y complejidad, nos e puede reducir a lo dicho en un solo texto ni resumirse en un enunciado.
Comparison of the Total Phenol, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Roots Extracts of Asphodelus microcarpus and Asphodeline lutea Growing in Syria
Authors: Adawia Kitaz
Published: June 2017

Medicinal plants are a source for a wide variety of natural antioxidants. In the study reported here, we have conducted a
comparative study between two medicinal plants roots having the same geographic origin and growing in the same natural
conditions. The present study is designed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity, total phenol content (TPC) and total
flavonoid content (TFC) of the MeOH roots extracts of Asphodelus microcarpus and Asphodeline lutea. The antioxidant
activity of the extracts was examined by DPPH method. Total phenol and total flavonoid quantities of the samples were
determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 reagents respectively. The roots in both plants
exhibited the free radical scavenging property (IC50= 0.30, 0.54 mg/ml) for A. microcarpus and A. lutea, respectively
compared to that of the positive control BHT (IC50= 0.017 mg/ml). As assumed, the amount of total phenolics was (17.90,
13.02 mg GAE/ g dry weight for A. microcarpus and A. lutea root extracts, respectively. Roots extract of Asphodelus
microcarpus were the richest in total phenolic compounds and also it has been found to be rich in flavonoids (14.60 mg
rutinoside/g dry weight). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antioxidant activity of A. microcarpus and A.
lutea root from Syrian origin and our findings suggest the possibility of using the roots as a novel source of natural
antioxidant agent for the food and pharmaceutical industries
In Vitro Anti Acne Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Stem of Berberis aristata
Authors: Prasad Shyam Baboo , Kaur Darshpreet
Published: June 2017

Current research work is intended to study the impact of herbal approach to treat acne, an extremely common cutaneous inflammatory disorder of multifactorial origin with prevalence in adolescents. Acne is common disease of skin and is usually treatable. An attempt had been taken to investigate the in vitro antiacne activity of ethanolic extract of stem of Berberis aristata. The MIC value of the B. aristata extract against S. epidermidis, P. acnes and M. furfur were found to be 600 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml respectively. In vitro antimicrobial screening using erythromycin as a positive control clearly indicated that ethanolic extract of B. aristata is promising antimicrobial against the test microorganisms.
Pumpkin Seed Oil: An Alternative Medicine
Authors: Shaban Ahmed , Sahu Ravi P.
Published: June 2017

Pumpkin seed oil has long been considered as an ingredient for its nutritional and medicinal values for the prevention of
various ailments, especially for prostate diseases. In addition, several studies have suggested the crucial roles and
effectiveness of pumpkin seed oil in the treatment of diabetes, anxiety and even cancer. Pumpkin seed oil is being used in
several countries worldwide including North America, Mexico, India and China. This review highlights the
characterization, properties and use of pumpkin seed oil from various pumpkin species against several diseases
pathophysiologies. We strongly believe that this review will provide overall insights to the chemists, biologists and
researchers on the roles of pumpkin seed oil extracts that possess promising biological activities.
The Standardization of Crataegus sanguinea Fruits Growing on the Territory of Orenburg Region
Authors: A. Shmygareva A. , A. N. Sankov , M. R. Dudarenkova , A. A. Kochukova , O. A. Dorokhina , U. Nigmatulina Yu , E. S. Gorbunova
Published: June 2017

For standardization of Crataegus sanguinea fruits the method of differential spectrophotometry at analytical wavelength 412 nm was used1. The optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids from fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. – extractant is 70% ethyl alcohol; the ratio of “raw-extractant” – 1:30; extraction time -60 min1. The relative degree of the determination of the total flavonoids in fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. in used method with confidence probability 0,95 is no more than ±3,5%. The content of total flavonoids in fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. varied from 0,18±0,001% to 0,22±0,002% (calculated on hyperoside).
In vitro Propagation and Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Wild Plant and Micropropagated Cleome rutidosperma DC.
Authors: M. Deventhiran , W. John Wyson , M. Sheik Noor Mohamed , K. Jaikumar , P. Saravanan , D. Anand
Published: June 2017

Plants are widely used by all sections of the society either as folk medicines or as pharmaceutical preparation of modern
medicine. In vitro propagation of plants holds great promise for conservation and enhancement of valuable medicinal
plants. Cleome rutidosperma has been used in indian ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of a wide number of health
disorders. The present study deals with the influence of different plant growth regulators (PGR) including kinetin (Kin), 6-
Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the growth of plant and the identification and
comparison of bioactive constituents of wild and in situ propagated C. rutidosperma plant using Gas Chromatography -
Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Nodal segments used as explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium
(MS) supplied with different concentrations of PGRs. Multiple shoot generation was achieved after 28 days of incubation.
The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of ten compounds of micropropagated and seven compounds of wild plants
were identified. The result concluded that various concentration of PGR had a significant role in in vitro regeneration of
plant and showed that the phytoconstituents of micropropagated plant is comparatively higher than that of wild plant.
Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Grown in Egypt
Authors: Kamal Amel M , Shakour Zeinab T. Abdel , All Sherif Abdel , Sleem Amany A. , Haggag Eman G.
Published: June 2017

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaves and flowers of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride assays, respectively. Resulted in 6.59 and 9.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g. dry wt. and 1.336% and 0.885% rutin equivalent (RE)/g for leaves and flowers, respectively. The concentration of rutin and β-sitosterol in leaves and flowers extracts of I. carnea were also estimated by HPLC analysis resulting in 9.174 and 2.733 mg/g dry wt. (rutin) and 0.463, 17.085 mg/g dry wt. (β-sitosterol) for leaves and flowers, respectively. Chromatographic separation of the leaves and flowers ethanol extracts led to the isolation of a new biflavonoid compound: 3ꞌ, 3ꞌꞌꞌꞌ, 5, 5ꞌꞌꞌ, 7, 7ꞌꞌꞌ-O-β-D-glucosyl-4ꞌ, 4ꞌꞌꞌꞌ-biflavonoyl ether [4ꞌ-O-4ꞌꞌꞌꞌ Bis-isoquercetin] (Ipomoeflavoside) from leaves and other four known compounds namely; caffeoyl ethyl ester, caffeic acid, rutin, lycopene isolated for the first time from leaves and β-sitosterol from flowers. The leaves and flowers ethanol extracts showed antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and hepatoprotective activities. They were also evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The ethanol leaves extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line, with (IC50: 7.4 µg/ml) while it showed weak cytotoxic effect on liver and colon cancer cell lines (IC50:23 and 35 µg/ml) respectively, The ethanol flowers extract showed weak or no anticancer cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. The leaves and flowers ethanol extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus while showing no activity against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeurginosa.
Lichen diversity in Amadiya and Rowanduz disricts in Iraq
Authors: Almola Zakaria S. , Al-Ni'ma Basheer A. , Ramadan Nadeem A.
Published: June 2017

The lichen biota of the Amadiya and Rowanduz districts in the Mountain physiogeographic region in Iraq was sampled in 2013. The samples provided 47 species belonging to 29 genera and 14 families. Among them 37 species are new records for Iraq. All species except Lichinella cribellifera and Thelidium sp. were found in Amadiya district whereas only 13 species occurred in Rowanduz district. Most of the species (59.5%) were crustose, while 27.6% were foliose, 12.7 % squamulose and none fruticose. The three most species-rich genera are Caloplaca with 7 species, Collema with 5 species and Aspicilia with 3 species; 6 genera were represented by 2 species and 20 by single species. All saxicolous lichens were calciphilic while the corticolous lichens were acidophilic. The most common and dominant species is Lecanora muralis, found in all 17 studied locations.Keywords: Lichens; Iraq; Physiogeographic regions; Mountain region.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(1): 2332, 2017 (June)
Morphological variability of evergreen oaks (Quercus) in Turkey
Authors: Aykut Yilmaz , Emel Uslu , Tekin Babaç M.
Published: June 2017

The genus Quercus L. has a problematic taxonomy because of widespreadhybridization among them. Evergreen Quercus contain three species in section Ilex Loudon namely, Q. ilex L., Q. coccifera L. and Q. aucheri Jaub. et Spach in Turkey. Here, two species, Q. coccifera and Q. aucheri are usually confused with each other. However, Q. coccifera and Q. calliprinos are accepted as different species but this subject is still controversial. Morphometric leaf and fruit variations of Q. ilex, Q. coccifera and Q. aucheri in 26 populations were measured for 25 characters. Variations within and among populations of species were detected by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. This study shows that populations of Q. coccifera from the south region of Turkey form a second group within Q. coccifera. Secondly, Q. coccifera show more similarity to Q. aucheri than Q. ilex, and finally there are two groups within Q. coccifera, which may be evaluated as Q. coccifera and Q. calliprinos.Keywords: Ilex; Morphometric, UPGMA; Turkey.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(1): 3947, 2017 (June)
ASSESSING HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF
Authors: GOUDARZI Mohammad Ali , LANDRY René Jr.
Published: June 2017

The horizontal positional accuracy of Google Earth is assessed in the city of Montreal, Canada, using the precise coordinates of ten GPS points spatially distributed all over the city. The results show that the positional accuracy varies in the study area between ∼0.1 m in the south to ∼2.7 m in the north. Furthermore, two methods are developed for correcting the observed positional errors: (a) using a set of transformation parameters between true coordinates of the geodetic points and their coordinates in Google Earth, and by (b) interpolating the misfit vectors at the geodetic points. The former method reduces the overall accuracy to ∼67 cm RMSE, whereas the latter one practically removes all the distortion (RMSE = 1 cm). Both methods can be developed for other places in the world subject to availability of appropriate control points. In addition, a displacement problem caused by the topography of the area and the viewing angle of the imaging satellite is discussed, and it is shown that the true positions can be shifted even up to several meters, as a consequence.
Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Persistent Pain Management in Older Adults
Authors: Arnstein Paul , Herr Keela A. , Butcher Howard K.
Published: June 2017

More individuals develop and endure constant or recurring pain in older adulthood. Although 40% of these individuals receive no treatment, many evidence-based treatments are available. Accurate assessment of pain, its impact on functioning, and preventing treatment-related harms lay the foundation of safe, effective pain control. Analgesic agents are often necessary, but require a delicate balance to prevent under-treatment, the unnecessary abandonment of therapy, or exposure to potentially serious adverse effects. Nondrug therapies must be better integrated into the treatment plan to ensure overall safety. Evidence-based approaches help older adults thrive and survive longer despite living with persistent pain. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(7), 20–31.]
Viviendas, en Barcelona
Authors: Barba Corsini F. J.
Published: June 2017

El edificio, destinado a viviendas de alquiler, en la calle de Madrazo, número 32, fue edificado sobre un terreno que formaba parte de un barranco, quedando, por lo tanto, su nivel más bajo que el de la calle. La orientación es SE. Para conseguir una total rentabilidad del edificio, el vestíbulo general está situado dos metros más bajo que el nivel de calle, dejando una zona ajardinada de acceso a la casa que facilita luz y ventilación a los locales de la parte baja.
Edificio comercial, en Ginebra
Authors: Sauguey Marc J.
Published: June 2017

En las proximidades de la estación de Cornavin, en un terreno situado en el límite de dos entidades separadas, se está reconstruyendo rapidísimamente un sector de edificios, según las normas del urbanismo actual y gracias a la iniciativa privada. La circulación y el tráfico estaban obstaculizados por los vestigios de antiguas murallas y por un cúmulo de edificaciones —que databan de cuatro o cinco siglos—, situadas sobre un muelle de 4 m de altura.
El mono-raíl elemento auxiliar en la construcción
Authors: Jaraíz Pérez Octaviano
Published: June 2017

Los múltiples transportes de régimen interior de la propia obra, con sus distintas modalidades y casos particulares, han constituido siempre un problema delicado, al que ha sido necesario darle la importancia y amplitud que merece, puesto que de su buena y juiciosa solución depende en gran parte los precios unitarios de las distintas partes en que se puede despiezar la obra.
Estudo epidemiológico e nível de conhecimento de pacientes oncológicos acerca da mucosite oral e laserterapia/Epidemiological study and level of knowledge of oncologic patients about oral mucositis and lasertherapy
Authors: De Jesus Leila Guerreiro , Cicchelli Monise Queiroz , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Lima Hayana Ramos , Pereira Manoela Carrera Martinez Cavalcante , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o perfil epidemiológico e o nível de conhecimento acerca da mucosite oral e laserterapia de uma população que realizou tratamento quimioterápico em um serviço público de saúde (CICAN-BA) nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Foram analisados 50 prontuários e aplicados questionários semiestruturados a fim de verificar a percepção dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, o exame da cavidade bucal permitiu identificar lesões resultantes dos efeitos adversos da quimioterapia sobre a mucosa oral. Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (72%) e o tipo de câncer mais prevalente foi o de mama (62.06%). Cerca de 50% dos pacientes possuíam apenas o Ensino Fundamental e 42% tinha renda familiar correspondente a um salário mínimo. Nessa amostra, constataram-se maiores percentuais de tumores graduados como T2 e T4 (72.21%). O exame bucal evidenciou maior frequência de periodontopatias e lesões cariosas (51.72%). Ao avaliar o conhecimento, 78% não souberam conceituar a mucosite e 72% desconheciam o uso do laser como terapia adjuvante. Logo, os dados indicam que a maioria dos usuários do CICAN-BA é de baixa renda e baixo nível de escolaridade, fato este que pode justificar a falta de compreensão acerca do câncer e de suas abordagens terapêuticas.
 Imaginário da promoção da saúde da família: olhar do familiar no quotidiano da Atenção Primária/ Imaginary of family health promotion: family’s look in the everyday life of Primary Care
Authors: Costa Juliana Chaves , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Henckemaier Luizita , Michelin Samanta Rodrigues , Silva Ana Paula Madalena da
Published: June 2017

Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado na Atenção Primária à Saúde no município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, com objetivo de investigar o imaginário da Promoção da Saúde da família no seu quotidiano. Foram entrevistadas 19 famílias, que participam de um grupo de Promoção da Saúde no local do estudo no período de agosto a novembro de 2015, adotando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas grupais, com estratégia de oficinas. Os dados foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico da Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano de Michel Maffesoli. Os resultados apontaram que a Promoção da Saúde da Família é um conjunto de ações e interações que se desenvolvem dentro do ambiente intra e extra familial, a partir das questões de saúde de seus membros como: ter saúde; ver os familiares bem; a saúde enquanto direito fundamental; exercer ações para que as relações sejam saudáveis, como, por exemplo, a atividade do grupo Itajaí Ativo no espaço da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Este conjunto de ações e interações dá-se no quotidiano familial a partir do que eles acreditam como fatores que possibilitam uma convivência mais saudável, mostrando a potência do imaginário do quotidiano da Promoção da Saúde da Família.
Effect of Shot Blasting on Paste Boronizing of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Mohamad Basir Muhamad Hafizuddin , Abdullah Bulan , Idham Mohd Faizul , Ismail Muhammad Hussain
Published: June 2017

This investigation was conducted to study on the effect of shot blasting on the case depth of boride layers produced and microhardness after performing paste boronizing on 316L stainless steel. 250 micron diameter of glass beads had been used in the process of shot blasting with variation in the blasting pressure. Paste boronizing was performed at 850°C with 8 hours of soaking time. The samples involved were tested and analyzed on the microstructure and microhardness. Boride layers of FeB and Fe2B formed due to paste boronizing improve the microhardness of 316L stainless steel and the effect of shot blasting with increasing the blasting pressure increase both of case depth of boride layers and microhardness on the studied metal.
The Size and Scope of Collegiate Athletic Training Facilities and Staffing
Authors: Gallucci Andrew R. , Petersen Jeffrey C.
Published: June 2017

Context: 

Athletic training facilities have been described in terms of general design concepts and from operational perspectives. However, the size and scope of athletic training facilities, along with staffing at different levels of intercollegiate competition, have not been quantified.

Objective: 

To define the size and scope of athletic training facilities and staffing levels at various levels of intercollegiate competition. To determine if differences existed in facilities (eg, number of facilities, size of facilities) and staffing (eg, full time, part time) based on the level of intercollegiate competition.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Athletic trainers (ATs) who were knowledgeable about the size and scope of athletic training programs.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Athletic training facility size in square footage; the AT's overall facility satisfaction; athletic training facility component spaces, including satellite facilities, game-day facilities, offices, and storage areas; and staffing levels, including full-time ATs, part-time ATs, and undergraduate students.

Results: 

The survey was completed by 478 ATs (response rate = 38.7%) from all levels of competition. Sample means for facilities were 3124.7 ± 4425 ft2 (290.3 ± 411 m2) for the central athletic training facility, 1013 ± 1521 ft2 (94 ± 141 m2) for satellite athletic training facilities, 1272 ± 1334 ft2 (118 ± 124 m2) for game-day athletic training facilities, 388 ± 575 ft2 (36 ± 53 m2) for athletic training offices, and 424 ± 884 ft2 (39 ± 82 m2) for storage space. Sample staffing means were 3.8 ± 2.5 full-time ATs, 1.6 ± 2.5 part-time ATs, 25 ± 17.6 athletic training students, and 6.8 ± 7.2 work-study students. Division I schools had greater resources in multiple categories (P < .001). Differences among other levels of competition were not as well defined. Expansion or renovation of facilities in recent years was common, and almost half of ATs reported that upgrades have been approved for the near future.

Conclusions: 

This study provides benchmark descriptive data on athletic training staffing and facilities. The results (1) suggest that the ATs were satisfied with their facilities and (2) highlight the differences in resources among competition levels.
Ground State and Multiple Solutions for Kirchhoff Type Equations With Critical Exponent
Authors: Qin Dongdong , He Yubo , Tang Xianhua
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we consider the following critical Kirchhoff type equation:

By using variational methods that are constrained to the Nehari manifold, we prove that the above equation has a ground state solution for the case when 3 < q < 5. The relation between the number of maxima of Q and the number of positive solutions for the problem is also investigated.
Chain conditions, elementary amenable groups, and descriptive set theory
Authors: Wesolek Phillip , Williams Jay
Published: June 2017

We first consider three well-known chain conditions in the space of marked groups: the minimal condition on centralizers, the maximal condition on subgroups, and the maximal condition on normal subgroups. For each condition, we produce a characterization in terms of well-founded descriptive-set-theoretic trees. Using these characterizations, we demonstrate that the sets given by these conditions are co-analytic and not Borel in the space of marked groups. We then adapt our techniques to show elementary amenable marked groups may be characterized by well-founded descriptive-set-theoretic trees, and therefore, elementary amenability is equivalent to a chain condition. Our characterization again implies the set of elementary amenable groups is co-analytic and non-Borel. As corollary, we obtain a new, non-constructive, proof of the existence of finitely generated amenable groups that are not elementary amenable.
Security constrained optimal power flow by modern optimization tools
Authors: Salem Reham H. , Abdelrahman M. Ezzat , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, two approaches are studied for scheduling the power generators of the least cost. This is called security constrained optimal power flow [SCOPF]. This problem is represented as a two stage, security constrained OPF problem, in which the first stage optimizes the problem using a genetic algorithm for the purpose of comparison, while the second stage optimize the problem of each contingency using flower pollination algorithms (FPA) as a new trend. Case studies based on IEEE 30 bus system show that the discussed techniques are advantageous and can guarantee operational reliability and economy.Keywords: Optimal power flow, security, genetic algorithm, flower pollination algorithm
Multi-instrument Pollution Abatement from Multiple Sources: The Case of Nitrogen Pollution in Groundwater
Authors: Burnett Kimberly , Roumasset James , A. Wada Christopher
Published: June 2017

Managing pollution in accordance with marginal abatement costs is optimal only if based on both direct (end-of-pipe) and indirect (input substitution and limitation) controls. Using the example of nitrogen pollution in groundwater, we show that the marginal abatement cost function for any given pollution source can be directly derived from a social-welfare maximization problem, wherein both direct controls and inputs to pollution-generating production of a good or service are included. The solution to the optimization model reveals that abatement instruments for each source should be used according to least-marginal-abatement-cost-first, and the sources should in turn abate in order of least cost. The least-cost result remains optimal, even when the abatement target is exogenously determined.
Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012
Authors: Huang Ganlin , Brook Rosie , Crippa Monica , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Schieberle Christian , Dore Chris , Guizzardi Diego , Muntean Marilena , Schaaf Edwin , Friedrich Rainer
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) include a large number of chemical species which differ significantly in their chemical characteristics and thus in their impacts on ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. It is important that chemical transport models (CTMs) simulate the chemical transformation of the different NMVOC species in the troposphere consistently. In most emission inventories, however, only total NMVOC emissions are reported, which need to be decomposed into classes to fit the requirements of CTMs. For instance, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides spatially resolved global anthropogenic emissions of total NMVOCs. In this study the EDGAR NMVOC inventory was revised and extended in time and in sectors. Moreover the new version of NMVOC emission data in the EDGAR database were disaggregated on a detailed sector resolution to individual species or species groups, thus enhancing the usability of the NMVOC emission data by the modelling community. Region- and source-specific speciation profiles of NMVOC species or species groups are compiled and mapped to EDGAR processes (detailed resolution of sectors), with corresponding quality codes specifying the quality of the mapping. Individual NMVOC species in different profiles are aggregated to 25 species groups, in line with the common classification of the Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA). Global annual grid maps with a resolution of 0.1°  ×  0.1° for the period 1970–2012 are produced by sector and species. Furthermore, trends in NMVOC composition are analysed, taking road transport and residential sources in Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) as examples.
Aerosol optical properties and instantaneous radiative forcing based on high temporospatial resolution CARSNET ground-based measurements over eastern China
Authors: Che Huizheng , Qi Bing , Zhao Hujia , Xia Xiangao , Goloub Philippe , Dubovik Oleg , Estelles Victor , Cuevas-Agulló Emilio , Blarel Luc , Wu Yunfei , Zhu Jun , Du Rongguang , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Hong , Gui Ke , Yu Jie , Zheng Yu , Sun Tianze , Chen Quanliang , Shi Guangyu , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Variations in the optical properties of aerosols and their radiative forcing were investigated based on long-term synchronous observations made at three-minute intervals from 2011 to 2015 over seven adjacent CARSNET (China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork) urban (Hangzhou), suburban (Xiaoshan, Fuyang, LinAn, Tonglu, Jiande) and rural (ChunAn) stations in the Yangtze River Delta region, eastern China. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) varied from 0.68 to 0.76, with two peaks in June and September, and decreased from the eastern coast to western inland areas. The ratio of the AOD of fine-mode particles to the total AOD was > 0.90 and the extinction Angström exponent was > 1.20 throughout the year at all seven sites. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) C6 retrieval AOD was validated by comparison with ground-based observations. The correlation coefficients (R2) between the MODIS C6 AOD data and the values measured on the ground were ~ 0.73–0.89. The single-scattering albedo varied from 0.91 to 0.94, indicating that scattering aerosol particles are dominant in this region. The real parts of the refractive index were ~ 1.41–1.43, with no significant difference among the seven urban, suburban and rural sites. Large imaginary parts of the refractive index were seen in August at all urban, suburban and rural sites. The fine-mode radii in the Yangtze River Delta region were ~ 0.2–0.3 μm with a volume of 0.10–0.12 μm3 and the coarse-mode radii were ~ 2.0 μm with a volume close to 0.07 μm3. The fine-mode aerosols were obviously larger in June and September than in other months at almost the sites. The absorption AOD was low in the winter. The absorption Angström exponent and the extinction Angström exponent were used to classify the different types of aerosol and the components of mixtures. The aerosols caused negative radiative forcing both at the Earth's surface and at the top of the atmosphere all year round in the Yangtze River Delta region of eastern China.
The challenge of forecasting impacts of flash floods: test of a simplified hydraulic approach and validation based on insurance claim data
Authors: Le Bihan Guillaume , Payrastre Olivier , Gaume Eric , Moncoulon David , Pons Frederic
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Up to now, flash flood monitoring and forecasting systems, based on rainfall radar measurements and distributed rainfall-runoff models, generally aimed at estimating flood magnitudes - typically discharges or return periods – at selected river cross-sections. The approach presented here goes one step ahead by proposing an integrated forecasting chain for the direct assessment of flash flood possible impacts on inhabited areas (number of buildings at risk in the presented case studies). The proposed approach includes, in addition to a distributed rainfall-runoff model, an automatic hydraulic method suited for the computation of flood extent maps on a dense river network and over large territories. The resulting catalogue of flood extent maps is then combined with land use data to build a flood impact curve for each considered river reach: i.e. number of inundated buildings versus discharge. Theses curves are finally used to compute estimated impacts based on forecasted discharges. The approach has been extensively tested in the regions of Alès and Draguignan, located in the South of France, where well documented major flash floods recently occurred. The article presents two types of validation results. First, the automatically computed flood extent maps and corresponding water levels are tested against rating curves at available river gauging stations as well as against local reference or observed flood extent maps. Second, a rich and comprehensive insurance claim database is used to evaluate the relevance of the estimated impacts for some recent major floods.
Water–food–energy nexus with changing agricultural scenarios in India during recent decades
Authors: Barik Beas , Ghosh Subimal , Sahana A. Saheer , Pathak Amey , Sekhar Muddu
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Meeting the growing water and food demands in a densely populated country like India is a major challenge. It requires an extensive investigation into the changing patterns of the checks and balances behind the maintenance of food security at the expense of depleting groundwater, along with high energy consumption. Here we present a comprehensive set of analyses which assess the present status of the water–food–energy nexus in India, along with its changing pattern, in the last few decades. We find that with the growth of population and consequent increase in the food demands, the food production has also increased, and this has been made possible with the intensification of irrigation. However, during the recent decade (after 1996), the increase in food production has not been sufficient to meet its growing demands, precipitating a decline in the per-capita food availability. We also find a statistically significant declining trend of groundwater storage in India during the last decade, as derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite datasets. Regional studies reveal contrasting trends between northern and western–central India. North-western India and the middle Ganga basin show a decrease in the groundwater storage as opposed to an increasing storage over western–central India. Comparison with well data reveals that the highest consistency of GRACE-derived storage data with available well measurements is in the middle Ganga basin. After analysing the data for the last 2 decades, we further showcase that, after a drought, the groundwater storage drops but is unable to recover to its original condition even after good monsoon years. The groundwater storage reveals a very strong negative correlation with the electricity consumption for agricultural usage, which may also be considered as a proxy for groundwater pumped for irrigation in a region. The electricity usage for agricultural purposes has an increasing trend and, interestingly, it does not have any correlation with the monsoon rainfall as computed with the original or de-trended variables. This reveals an important finding that the irrigation has been intensified irrespective of rainfall. This also resulted in a decreasing correlation between the food production and monsoon rainfall, revealing the increasing dependency of agricultural activities on irrigation. We conclude that irrigation has now become essential for agriculture to meet the food demand; however, it should be judiciously regulated and controlled, based on the water availability from monsoon rainfall, specifically after the drought years, as it is essential to recover from the deficits suffered previously.
Water footprint of crop production for different crop structures in the Hebei southern plain, North China
Authors: Chu Yingmin , Shen Yanjun , Yuan Zaijian
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The North China Plain (NCP) has a serious shortage of freshwater resources, and crop production consumes approximately 75 % of the region's water. To estimate water consumption of different crops and crop structures in the NCP, the Hebei southern plain (HSP) was selected as a study area, as it is a typical region of groundwater overdraft in the NCP. In this study, the water footprint (WF) of crop production, comprised of green, blue and grey water footprints, and its annual variation were analyzed. The results demonstrated the following: (1) the WF from the production of main crops was 41.8 km3 in 2012. Winter wheat, summer maize and vegetables were the top water-consuming crops in the HSP. The water footprint intensity (WFI) of cotton was the largest, and for vegetables, it was the smallest; (2) the total WF, WFblue, WFgreen and WFgrey for 13 years (2000–2012) of crop production were 604.8, 288.5, 141.3 and 175.0 km3, respectively, with an annual downtrend from 2000 to 2012; (3) winter wheat, summer maize and vegetables consumed the most groundwater, and their blue water footprint (WFblue) accounted for 74.2 % of the total WFblue in the HSP; (4) the crop structure scenarios analysis indicated that, with approximately 20 % of arable land cultivated with winter wheat–summer maize in rotation, 38.99 % spring maize, 10 % vegetables and 10 % fruiters, a sustainable utilization of groundwater resources can be promoted, and a sufficient supply of food, including vegetables and fruits, can be ensured in the HSP.
Zamora Vicente, Alonso, El habla de Mérida y sus cercanías
Authors: Navas Sánchez-Élez María Victoria
Published: June 2017

Zamora Vicente, Alonso, El habla de Mérida y sus cercanías
Unifying the that-trace and anti-that-trace effects
Authors: Douglas Jamie
Published: June 2017

This article proposes a unified analysis of the that-trace and anti-that-trace effects in English. Unification of these two seemingly diametrically opposed effects remains an outstanding problem. It is argued that complement and relative clauses in English exhibit systematic variation in terms of how articulated their C-domains are. This, combined with Spec-to-Spec Anti-Locality, leads to a novel analysis of the anti-that-trace and that-trace effects. The analysis has interesting theoretical implications for phase theory and the mechanics of successive cyclicity, particularly concerning the position of the phase escape hatch, which is claimed to be the specifier of the complement of the phase head, and not the specifier of the phase head as in standard phase theory.
A Study of Customer Preferences of Recurring Deposits in Post Offices over Banks
Authors: Rajeswari M.
Published: June 2017

The study aims to understand the recurring deposit scheme of post office & the allied services along with the customer satisfaction level towards recurring deposits. The study also paves way to identify the areas which require improvement. The critical success factors are also identified in the study. Comparative analysis of the recurring deposit in post office and banks will enable the post office employees to identify their key differentiating factors and also help them to retain and expand their base of the recurring deposit holders. Multiple choice questions have been chosen to collect the responses from 100 recurring deposit holders. Convenience sampling method is employed in the research work. The data collected is analyzed through various statistical tools like Karl Pearson’s Correlation and One-way Anova test. Suggestions given in the study will help the postal department to retain and attract new recurring deposit account holders.
A Study of Educational Programmes that Promote Attitude Change and Values Education in Spain
Authors: Pérez-Jorge David , Barragán Medero Fernando , Molina-Fernández Elvira
Published: June 2017

Values education is crucial to promoting the holistic development of students. Many studies over the years have addressed the effects of values education on the holistic development of children, but today there are differing views on how to teach values in school. The objective of this study is to find out more about the programmes that have been used to teach values to children and how they have been developed and applied in schools, and to assess the extent of teachers’ knowledge about these programmes. To this end, a bibliometric review was conducted on 161 programmes from 1986 to 2015, complemented by 20 interviews with teachers from different schools. This enabled us to gauge the relevance that has been given to values education over the years, and to assess the need to consider alternative educational models that will enable children to receive a holistic education.
Vicente Blasco Ibanez and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: The Civil War of Europeans as a Cultural War
Authors: Saldanha Alvarez Jose Mauricio
Published: June 2017

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, a novel about the Great War, was written in 1916 by the Spanish author Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Ibáñez was a liberal intellectual and opponent to German militarism and the House of Austria, which had been intolerant and retrograde during its rule of Spain in the seventeenth century. This study explores the imperialist, militarist and cultural tensions of the war through Ibáñez’s novel. The formation of blocks of alliances and the capture of rich territories, according to Lenin, translated into the juxtaposition of the German Reich—represented historically by old Germania and the current German Empire fighting for European supremacy—with the Latinity of Ancient Rome and the contemporary French Republic. This cultural and ideological struggle is reflected in the novel’s characters and dialogue. Ibáñez suggests that the 1914 confrontation arose from the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. In the novel, the conflict is typified in two opposing novelistic characters, a German and a Frenchman, who immigrate to Argentina to escape war and poverty. Both return to their countries of origin rich and related to each other, having married the daughters of a rich landlord, Madariaga, although his sons have become cousins and nephews and they face each other from opposite sides of the battlefield. World War I is an irresistible force the magnitude of which draws together all the characters, Ibáñez was absorbed in narrating the first year of the war, when France suffered bitter defeats, and writing about this ongoing event led to his success in the USA, where he maintained the appreciation of the public by quickly creating a film version of the novel.
Creation of practice-based research networks in rural areas in low-income countries: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Vasilopoulos Theodoros
Published: June 2017

Sieci badawcze oparte na praktyce (PBRN) składają się z grupy lekarzy, praktyk oraz instytucji, które są zaangażowane przede wszystkim w zapewnienie opieki pacjentom i powiązane ze sobą tak, aby wyjść naprzeciw potrzebom opieki zdrowotnej społeczności oraz przekształcić wyniki badań w praktykę kliniczną. Głównym celem sieci badawczych opartych na praktyce jest zaangażowanie klinicystów pochłoniętych pracą na rzecz społeczności lokalnych w badania prowadzone przez badaczy, którzy mają doświadczenie w dziedzinie badań klinicznych i usług zdrowotnych. Lekarze są zachęcani do wzięcia udziału w działaniach sieci badawczych opartych na praktyce po to, aby mogli udzielić odpowiedzi na pytania ważne dla swojej praktyki, a tym samym poprawić jakość praktyki i stan zdrowia społeczności. Sieci badawcze oparte na praktyce zapewniają dostęp do zjawisk często pomijanych przez badaczy, ale bardzo istotnych dla osób bezpośrednio związanych z badanymi kwestiami. Badania naukowe oparte na praktyce prowadzone w dziedzinie medycyny rodzinnej są ważnym sposobem zdobywania nowej wiedzy zarówno na podstawie stosowanych procedur, jak i rezultatów uzyskiwanych w praktyce medycyny rodzinnej. Chociaż sieci badawcze oparte na praktyce są użytecznymi narzędziami w prowadzeniu badań istotnych dla praktyki w dziedzinie podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, ich istnienie jest zagrożone przez szereg problemów, takich jak ograniczenie wsparcia finansowego na obszarach wiejskich w ostatnich kilku latach, szczególnie w trwającym w wielu krajach Unii Europejskiej okresie zaciskania pasa. Trudności z rekrutacją są główną przeszkodą powodowaną ograniczeniami czasowymi, jakim podlegają lekarze rodzinni, brakiem wynagrodzenia, uznania oraz niedoborami kadrowymi. Podsumowując, pomimo niedogodności i wyzwań, które stoją przed sieciami badawczymi opartymi na praktyce, sami klinicyści oraz organizacje, takie jak EG PRN (Europejska Sieć Naukowa Medycyny Rodzinnej) i EURI PA (Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Lekarzy z Terenów Wiejskich i Izolowanych) próbują tworzyć ten rodzaj sieci, zwłaszcza w krajach o niskim dochodzie, aby poprawić jakość i zapewnić jak najlepszy dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej na obszarach wiejskich.