bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between overweight and prevalence of food allergy in Japanese children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hori Daisuke , Yamada Yohei , Shimizu Yukari , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Hibino Yuri , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Hara Akinori , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: April 2021

Background

Food allergy (FA) is a common disease in children, and its prevalence has increased in developed countries. The impact of overweight on children health also becomes an important social problem. However, the relationship between overweight and FA is still unclear. We examined the association between overweight and the prevalence of FA among Japanese children.

Methods

We analyzed data obtained using a self-administered questionnaire from 1772 Japanese children. Weight groups according to body mass index cutoff points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force were used to create two groups: overweight and non-overweight. Children were separated into four age groups (3–6 years, 6–9 years, 9–12 years, and 12–15 years) to examine age differences. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic models to examine the association between overweight and FA.

Results

The prevalence of FA was significantly higher in boys (10.6%, p = 0.014) than girls (4.5%) and girls (7.9%, p = 0.012) than boys (2.5%) for 6–9 and 12–15 age groups, respectively. While the prevalence of FA was significantly higher in overweight than non-overweight girls (26.1%, p = 0.005) in the 12–15 age group, no significant difference was found in boys. In girls, overweight was significantly associated with FA after adjustment for age and asthma (odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.89, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

Our results showed that being overweight was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of FA in girls, but not in boys. Further prospective studies are necessary to find the causal relationship between overweight and FA.
Microvascular comparison in younger and older patients with retinal vein occlusion analyzed by OCT angiography
Authors: Ye Panpan , Zhu Tiepei , Zheng Fang , Zhou Min , Fang Xiaoyun , Yao Ke
Published: April 2021

Background

To compare changes in retinal microvasculature of young and elderly patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) after anti-VEGF treatment.

Methods

RVO patients who underwent anti-VEGF treatment were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into two groups based on age. The OCT angiography images were obtained during each visit. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured and compared between the two groups. Vision improvements and retinal microvasculature changes were also correlated.

Results

Twenty patients with 20 eyes were enrolled in the younger group and 46 patients with 46 eyes were enrolled in the older group. Younger patients demonstrated better BCVA, higher VD and smaller FAZ than older patients at 12 months after the first anti-VEGF treatment. The improvement of VD was observed only in the younger group. A positive correlation between vision improvement and VD increase was noted.

Conclusions

Young patients with RVO can achieve rapid rehabilitation of deep retinal vasculature which lead to a better visual outcome.
Favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer with biopsy Gleason score of 6
Authors: Oh Jong Jin , Ahn Hyungwoo , Hwang Sung Il , Lee Hak Jong , Choe Gheeyoung , Lee Sangchul , Lee Hakmin , Byun Seok-Soo , Hong Sung Kyu
Published: April 2021

Background

To identify potential prognostic factors among patients with favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer with a biopsy Gleason score 6.

Methods

From 2003 to 2019, favorable intermediate risk patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in this study. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with MRI. Using PI-RADS scores, patients were divided into two groups, and clinic-pathological outcomes were compared. The impact of preoperative factors on significant pathologic Gleason score upgrading (≥ 4 + 3) and biochemical recurrence were assessed via multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2.

Results

Among the 239 patients, 116 (48.5%) were MRI-negative (PI-RADS ≤ 3) and 123 (51.5%) were MRI-positive (PI-RADS > 3). Six patients in the MRI-negative group (5.2%) were characterized as requiring significant pathologic Gleason score upgrading compared with 34 patients (27.6%) in the MRI-positive group (p < 0.001). PI-RADS score was shown to be a significant predictor of significant pathologic Gleason score upgrading (OR = 6.246, p < 0.001) and biochemical recurrence (HR = 2.595, p = 0.043). 10-years biochemical recurrence-free survival was estimated to be 84.4% and 72.6% in the MRI-negative and MRI-positive groups (p = 0.035). In the 79 patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2, tumor length in biopsy cores was identified as a significant predictor of pathologic Gleason score (OR = 11.336, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Among the patients with favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer with a biopsy Gleason score 6, preoperative MRI was capable of predicting significant pathologic Gleason score upgrading and biochemical recurrence. Especially, the patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and low biopsy tumor length could be a potential candidate to active surveillance.
Supporting deprescribing in hospitalised patients: formative usability testing of a computerised decision support tool
Authors: Baysari Melissa T. , Duong Mai H. , Hooper Patrick , Stockey-Bridge Michaela , Awad Selvana , Zheng Wu Yi , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite growing evidence that deprescribing can improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and reduce the likelihood of adverse drug events, the practice is not widespread, particularly in hospital settings. Clinical risk assessment tools, like the Drug Burden Index (DBI), can help prioritise patients for medication review and prioritise medications to deprescribe, but are not integrated within routine care. The aim of this study was to conduct formative usability testing of a computerised decision support (CDS) tool, based on DBI, to identify modifications required to the tool prior to trialling in practice.

Methods

Our CDS tool comprised a DBI MPage in the electronic medical record (clinical workspace) that facilitated review of a patient’s DBI and medication list, access to deprescribing resources, and the ability to deprescribe. Two rounds of scenario-based formative usability testing with think-aloud protocol were used. Seventeen end-users participated in the testing, including junior and senior doctors, and pharmacists.

Results

Participants expressed positive views about the DBI CDS tool but testing revealed a number of clear areas for improvement. These primarily related to terminology used (i.e. what is a DBI and how is it calculated?), and consistency of functionality and display. A key finding was that users wanted the CDS tool to look and function in a similar way to other decision support tools in the electronic medical record. Modifications were made to the CDS tool in response to user feedback.

Conclusion

Usability testing proved extremely useful for identifying components of our CDS tool that were confusing, difficult to locate or to understand. We recommend usability testing be adopted prior to implementation of any digital health intervention. We hope our revised CDS tool equips clinicians with the knowledge and confidence to consider discontinuation of inappropriate medications in routine care of hospitalised patients. In the next phase of our project, we plan to pilot test the tool in practice to evaluate its uptake and effectiveness in supporting deprescribing in routine hospital care.
Sea urchin larvae utilize light for regulating the pyloric opening
Authors: Yaguchi Junko , Yaguchi Shunsuke
Published: April 2021

Background

Light is essential for various biological activities. In particular, visual information through eyes or eyespots is very important for most of animals, and thus, the functions and developmental mechanisms of visual systems have been well studied to date. In addition, light-dependent non-visual systems expressing photoreceptor Opsins have been used to study the effects of light on diverse animal behaviors. However, it remains unclear how light-dependent systems were acquired and diversified during deuterostome evolution due to an almost complete lack of knowledge on the light-response signaling pathway in Ambulacraria, one of the major groups of deuterostomes and a sister group of chordates.

Results

Here, we show that sea urchin larvae utilize light for digestive tract activity. We found that photoirradiation of larvae induces pyloric opening even without addition of food stimuli. Micro-surgical and knockdown experiments revealed that this stimulating light is received and mediated by Go(/RGR)-Opsin (Opsin3.2 in sea urchin genomes) cells around the anterior neuroectoderm. Furthermore, we found that the anterior neuroectodermal serotoninergic neurons near Go-Opsin-expressing cells are essential for mediating light stimuli-induced nitric oxide (NO) release at the pylorus. Our results demonstrate that the light>Go-Opsin>serotonin>NO pathway functions in pyloric opening during larval stages.

Conclusions

The results shown here will lead us to understand how light-dependent systems of pyloric opening functioning via neurotransmitters were acquired and established during animal evolution. Based on the similarity of nervous system patterns and the gut proportions among Ambulacraria, we suggest the light>pyloric opening pathway may be conserved in the clade, although the light signaling pathway has so far not been reported in other members of the group. In light of brain-gut interactions previously found in vertebrates, we speculate that one primitive function of anterior neuroectodermal neurons (brain neurons) may have been to regulate the function of the digestive tract in the common ancestor of deuterostomes. Given that food consumption and nutrient absorption are essential for animals, the acquirement and development of brain-based sophisticated gut regulatory system might have been important for deuterostome evolution.
Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method?
Authors: Tahririan Mohammad Ali , Ardakani Mohammadreza Piri , Kheiri Sara
Published: April 2021

Background

Congenital clubfoot is one of the common congenital orthopaedic deformities. Pirani and Dimeglio scoring systems are two classification systems for measuring the severity of the clubfoot. However, the relation between the initial amount of each of these scores and the treatment parameters is controversial.

Methods

Patients with severe and very severe idiopathic clubfoot undergoing Ponseti treatment were entered. Their initial Pirani and Dimeglio scores, the number of castings as a short-term treatment parameter, and the recurrences as a long-term parameter until the age of three were prospectively documented.

Results

One hundred patients (143 feet) with mean age of 9.51 ± 2.3 days including 68 males and 32 females and the mean initial Pirani score of 5.5 ± 0.5 and the mean initial Dimeglio score of 17.1 ± 1.6 were studied. The incidence of relapse was 8.4 %( n = 12). The mean initial Pirani score (P < 0.001) and the mean initial Dimeglio score (P < 0.003) of the feet with recurrence were significantly more than the non-recurrence feet. The mean number of casts in the recurrence group (7 ± 0.9) was significantly more than the feet without recurrences (6.01 ± 1.04) (P = 0.002). The ROC curve suggested the Pirani score of 5.75 and the Dimeglio score of 17.5 as the cut-off points of these scores for recurrence prediction.

Conclusion

In our study, Pirani and Dimeglio scores are markedly related with more number of casts and recurrence in patients with severe and very severe clubfoot. Also, we have introduced new cut-off points for both classification systems for prediction of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been introduced into the English literature.
DRESS induced by amoxicillin-clavulanate in two pediatric patients confirmed by lymphocyte toxicity assay
Authors: Dhir Arun , Kular Hasandeep , Elzagallaai Abdelbaset A. , Carleton Bruce , Rieder Michael J. , Mak Raymond , Wong Tiffany
Published: April 2021

Background

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but serious delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by antibiotic exposure. The reaction typically develops in 2 to 6 weeks. The pathophysiology is thought to involve toxic drug metabolites acting as a hapten, triggering a systemic response. The diagnosis is made clinically but can be confirmed using assays such as the lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA), which correlates cell death upon exposure to drug metabolites with susceptibility to hypersensitivity reactions.

Case presentations

Case 1 involves a previously healthy 11-month-old male with first exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanate, prescribed for seven days to treat a respiratory infection. The patient developed DRESS fourteen days after starting the drug and was successfully treated with corticosteroids. LTA testing confirmed patient susceptibility to hypersensitivity reactions with amoxicillin-clavulanate. Parental samples were also tested, showing both maternal and paternal susceptibility. Neither parent reported prior hypersensitivity reactions. Lifelong penicillin avoidance for the patient was advised along with the notation in medical records of penicillin allergy. The parents were advised to avoid penicillin class antibiotics and be monitored closely for DRESS if they are exposed.

Case 2 involves an 11-year-old female with atopic dermatitis with first exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanate, prescribed for ten days to treat a secondary bacterial skin infection. She developed DRESS eleven days after starting antibiotics and was successfully treated with corticosteroids. LTA testing confirmed patient susceptibility to hypersensitivity reactions with amoxicillin-clavulanate. Maternal samples were also tested and showed sensitivity. The mother reported no prior hypersensitivity reactions. Lifelong penicillin avoidance for the patient was advised along with the notation in medical records of penicillin allergy.

Conclusions

Amoxicillin-clavulanate is a commonly used antibiotic and the cases we have described suggest that it should be recognized as a potential cause of DRESS in pediatric patients. Furthermore, these cases contribute to current literature supporting that there may be a shorter latent period in DRESS induced by antibiotics. We have also shown that the LTA can be a helpful tool to confirm DRESS reactions, and that testing may have potential implications for family members.
Sarcopenia in a patient with most serious complications after highly invasive surgeries treated with nutrition, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy: a case report
Authors: Tatsumi Michiyo , Kumagai Satomi , Abe Takahiro , Murakami Soichi , Takeda Hiroshi , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Watanabe Yuko , Katayama Shinsuke , Hirai Shiaki , Honda Aiko , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru
Published: April 2021

Background

Several studies have reported the implementation of nutrition therapy and rehabilitation for acute and critical illnesses. However, rehabilitation nutrition for elderly sarcopenia patients with extremely severe postoperative complications during hospitalization has not yet been established.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 70-year-old man with sarcopenia that developed as a postoperative complication of the surgical resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and left the patient bedridden from prolonged malnutrition and muscle weakness. The patient’s general condition improved after a nearly 6-month intervention by our Nutrition Support Team (NST) that combined nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions

The appropriate timing and order of pharmacotherapy, nutrient administration, exercise therapy, and team collaboration may enable elderly patients with severe (secondary) sarcopenia and postoperative complications to regain self-sustained walking.
Accuracy of total knee arthroplasty using the modified gap technique based on the bone gap: an evaluation of the bone gap with a distal femoral trial component
Authors: Kamei Goki , Ishibashi Shigeki , Yoshioka Koki , Sakurai Satoru , Inoue Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Masakazu , Mochizuki Yu , Adachi Nobuo
Published: April 2021

Background

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the modified gap technique, the soft-tissue balance is measured after osteotomy of the distal femur and proximal tibia (conventional bone gap). However, after osteotomy, the flexion gap size during 90° knee flexion may be larger than that observed after implantation. The tension of the lateral compartment during 90° flexion may also be reduced after osteotomy of the distal femur. We manufactured a distal femoral trial component to reproduce the condition after implantation and prior to posterior condyle osteotomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the trial component on the flexion gap.

Methods

This prospective study included 21 consecutive patients aged 78 years with medial osteoarthritis who underwent cruciate-retaining TKA between February 2017 and March 2018. The postoperative flexion gap size and inclination during 90° flexion were compared between cases with and without the trial component.

Results

The mean joint gap size with the trial component (13.4 ± 0.80 mm) was significantly smaller than that without the trial component (14.7 ± 0.84 mm). The mean gap inclination angle with the trial component (3.7° ± 0.62°) was significantly smaller than that without the trial component (5.5° ± 0.78°).

Conclusions

In the present study, the joint gap size and medial tension were significantly reduced after the trial component had been set. Accurate measurement of the soft-tissue balance is an important factor in the modified gap technique, and this method using a distal femoral trial component can offer better outcomes than those achieved with conventional methods.
Could procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) be valid alternative diagnostic markers to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in elderly females with osteoporosis? An Egyptian radiological and laboratory monocentric study
Authors: Saad Marwa A. , Aboelwafa Reham A. , Elsayed Eman H.
Published: April 2021

Background

Osteoporosis is a major health problem of elders. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the commonly used modality for diagnosis osteoporosis; serum markers have been suggested for predicting osteoporosis and discriminate osteoporotic from healthy subjects. We aimed to analyze the status of some bone turnover biochemical markers namely PINP, B-ALP, estrogen, and progesterone in the elderly osteoporotic and osteopenic women as probable markers for the discrimination between patients and healthy individual in diagnosing osteoporosis, and also, to detect the impact of osteoporosis on quality of life of patients using assessment of the quality of life for osteoporosis (ECOS-16). Post-menopausal 108 females were involved in the current study, divided into two groups (osteoporotic group (60 with BMD˂-2.5), osteopenic group (48 with BMD between − 1 and − 2.5)), and 60 healthy elderly females as control group were involved in the study. Serum levels of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), estrogen, and progesterone were measured by ELISA technique.

Results

PINP and B-ALP significantly differ between studied groups. Also, PINP and B-ALP levels had high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate osteoporotic patients from healthy individuals. PINP and B-ALP significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) and with ECOS-16. Estrogen differs significantly between osteoporotic and osteopenic groups and significantly correlated with bone mineral density of femur (BMD-F) and bone mineral density of spine (BMD-S) in the osteopenic group. Progesterone differed significantly between patients and controls and significantly correlated with BMD-F in the osteoporotic group.

Conclusion

We can consider PINP and B-ALP as biomarkers for early detection then monitoring of osteoporosis. Measuring these serum markers can replace the assessment of BMD if not available. Also, it could replace the gap between BMD subsequently spaced assessment or could be of value in cases with severe spondylosis, DISH syndrome, old spondylarthritis, and/or previous spinal surgery. Sex hormones could not differentiate the normal from the osteoporotic/osteopenic patients, so they cannot be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers. Validation of this assumption needs large and longitudinal studies.
Introduction
Authors: Rössner Philipp Robinson
Published: April 2021

Capitalism is often assumed to have been invented in the Anglosphere. Writings by Hume and Smith have been named as cornerstones in the making of capitalism and modern economic knowledge. But Smith’s and the other Enlightenment Scots’ works built on a commercial tradition that had been manifest in Anglo-Saxon economics since the sixteenth century or earlier. Moreover, this tradition of thinking about commercial society became quite widespread and in the seventeenth and eighteenth century extended to the entire European continent where it has become commonly known, in its manifold regional and national variants, under the general term Cameralism

The usual genealogy of capitalist political economy, foundations of which were established by Marx (Capital, Vol. I), starts with William Petty, Richard Cantillon, Turgot and then winds down a well-known line from Adam Smith to David Ricardo, including John Stuart Mill, and Marx himself. The contributions made by continental Cameralists to the shaping of the political economy of modern capitalism on the other hand have tended to be overlooked. The present paper discusses the wider epistemic vantage points of the present special issue, some basic assumptions, as well as the broad contributions made by subsequent papers to the study of Cameralism not only as a near pan-European economic discourse during the early modern period, but also how different authors from a Cameralist vantage point and spectrum contributed to rise of modern economic analysis and modern political economies of capitalism.
Capitalism, Cameralism, and the Discovery of the Future, 1300s–2000s
Authors: Rössner Philipp Robinson
Published: April 2021

Modern models of economic growth and capitalist modernity rest on capital accumulation, inclusive institutions, and various often unquantifiable aspects of “culture” (to which institutions belong). Scholars have also pinpointed the ability, or rather illusion, of human individuals to plan and predict their economic and social future(s). This transition to future thinking opened European’s spaces of possibility during what Reinhart Koselleck famously labelled Europe’s Sattelzeit, c.1750–1850. Some have emphasized a European culture of dealing with contingency, which may have marked out a specific “Western” path toward modernity.

Without making a claim to global history, and focusing on the German speaking lands, I propose that the discovery of the open economic future was a much earlier project. Modern capitalism had roots in continental economic visions as early as the 1500s. We know them under common labels such as “Cameralism” and “mercantilism.” They were also apparent in Anglo-Saxon and Swedish economic reasoning since the mid-seventeenth century, suggesting that we may speak of a broader European tradition. The present article thus wishes to add to the debate, showing possibilities of an alternative—or a wider, more inclusive—genealogy of the modern economic mind, pointing out fresh ways of bringing together culture and economic development.
From Fatherly Government to an Economic State
Authors: Nokkala Ere
Published: April 2021

This article reinterprets late Cameralists’ contribution to the reorientation of Cameral sciences in the second half of the eighteenth century. It analyses the conceptual changes to the central concept of happiness during the second half of the eighteenth century that resulted from the rethinking of the natural law foundations of the discipline. Understanding the political philosophical underpinnings of universal Cameral sciences, as they were formulated using the language of natural law, enables a new interpretation of the history of Cameralism. The shift from duties based on natural law to an emphasis on inalienable natural rights helped the late Cameralists build a political theory of an economic state, which relied on the motivating forces of legitimate self-interest and passions. The late Cameralists redescribed happiness in terms of freedom, thereby accomplishing a shift from Cameral sciences’ legitimization of fatherly rule to a political thought that had its legitimacy in the provision of freedom, security, and wealth to householders, who in their part were the main agents and movers of the economic state.
In the Heyday of Cameralism
Authors: Eckert Georg
Published: April 2021

The state of Württemberg provides an interesting example for the evolution of economic doctrines. Between 1781 and 1819, in an age of unrelenting reform, Cameralism was enforced here—as the career of Friedrich List shows: starting as a clerk in the administration of Württemberg, he was promoted to a chair at the new Staatswirtschaftliche Fakultät of the university in Tübingen. However, he lost his prestigious position soon. Whereas List praised the systematic appeal of Cameralism and tended to consider it an end in itself, the Kings of Württemberg used Cameralism as a means of reforming the state and advancing their power. The contemporary success of Cameralism can be traced back to its political functions. Cameralism did not outperform other systems of political economy as regards to its content, but it was serving important political interests in Württemberg.
Τα πρόσωπα του Θανάτου
Authors: Φήταμ Γεώργιος
Published: April 2021

Η προαιώνια αμφιβολία του ανθρώπου για το πεπερασμένο της ύπαρξής του απηχείται στην πληθώρα μορφών που έχει αποκτήσει στην Τέχνη ο Θάνατος, ως πρόσωπο. Αναμφίβολα, η πιο αναγνωρίσιμη προσωποποίηση του θανάτου στις μέρες μας είναι εκείνη του μαυροφορεμένου σκελετού με το δρεπάνι. Υπήρξε, ωστόσο, μια μακρά περίοδος στην ιστορία της ευρωπαϊκής τέχνης, κατά τη διάρκεια της οποίας ο Θάνατος δεν απεικονιζόταν με αυτό τον τρόπο· ή αλλιώς, υπήρξε μια κομβική περίοδος, γύρω στα τέλη του 13ου με αρχές του 14ου αι., όταν ο Θάνατος άρχισε να απεικονίζεται με τα μακάβρια χαρακτηριστικά σκελετού ή μεταστάντος· έκτοτε, η μακάβρια τυπολογία σταδιακά επικράτησε στο συλλογικό φαντασιακό. Αντικείμενο της διατριβής αποτελεί η εικονογραφική εξέλιξη του Θανάτου στη μεσαιωνική και νεότερη ευρωπαϊκή τέχνη. Στον Α΄ Τόμο (τ. Α΄), ο οποίος χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη (τ. Α΄.1, τ. Α΄.2), το πρώτο κεφάλαιο επικεντρώνεται σε ορισμένα συμπληρωματικά ζητήματα που άπτονται του κεντρικού θέματος: η ψυχολογική ανάγκη του ανθρώπου να δημιουργεί εικόνες για να αντεπεξέλθει στην ιδέα της θνητότητας· η τάση του ανθρώπου να προσωποποιεί τον θάνατο· ζητήματα αναγνώρισης ή παρερμηνείας της μορφής του Θανάτου· όψεις του Θανάτου στην Αρχαιότητα. Στα τρία υπόλοιπα κεφάλαια του Α΄ Τόμου εξετάζεται η ευρωπαϊκή εικονογραφία του Θανάτου από τον Μεσαίωνα (με αφετηρία τα τέλη 8ου με αρχές 9ου αι., δηλαδή την περίοδο στην οποία χρονολογούνται οι παλαιότερες γνωστές, μεσαιωνικές απεικονίσεις του Θανάτου) ως και τον 20ο αι.· το εκτενές αυτό χρονικό διάστημα χωρίζεται σε τρεις εποχές, οι οποίες ορίζονται με βάση τις κύριες εικονογραφικές μεταβολές που παρατηρούνται στη μορφή του Θανάτου: 1) Εποχή της Ποικιλομορφίας (9ος – 15ος αι.)· 2) Εποχή του Μακάβριου (15ος – β΄ μισό 18ου αι.)· 3) Εποχή της Νεότερης Ποικιλομορφίας (από το β΄ μισό του 18ου αι. και εφεξής). Στον Β΄ Τόμο (τ. Β΄) το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώνεται αποκλειστικά σε έναν ξεχωριστό κλάδο της εικονογραφίας του Θανάτου, την εικονογραφία του τέταρτου ιππέα της Αποκάλυψης του Ιωάννη, και στον κεντρικό-διαμορφωτικό ρόλο του συγκεκριμένου θέματος στην ευρύτερη εικονογραφική παράδοση του Θανάτου. Εφαρμόζοντας την εικονολογική μέθοδο, εξετάζοντας ένα σχετικά ευρύ φάσμα εκφραστικών μέσων (από μικρογραφίες, τοιχογραφίες, γλυπτά, μέχρι εξώφυλλα περιοδικών, τηλεοπτικές διαφημίσεις, κινηματογραφικά έργα), και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη σχετικές φιλολογικές πηγές (ποιητικά, θεολογικά και άλλα κείμενα), επιχειρώ να αναδειχτούν: 1) οι μεγάλες και μικρές μεταβολές που συντελούνται ανά τους αιώνες στην εικονογραφία του Θανάτου· 2) τα διαχρονικά και εποχικά στοιχεία, με τα οποία συγκροτήθηκαν οι βασικοί εικονογραφικοί τύποι του Θανάτου· 3) η σχέση ανάμεσα στην εικονογραφία του Θανάτου και τις ομόχρονες, συλλογικές αντιλήψεις και στάσεις απέναντι στη θνητότητα.
Βία στις συντροφικές σχέσεις
Authors: Μαύρου Σταυρούλα
Published: April 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της οπτικής και των πεποιθήσεων για τη βία στις συντροφικές σχέσεις. Συγκεκριμένα, στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο τα νεαρά άτομα νοηματοδοτούν και ερμηνεύουν τη βία στις ετεροφυλοφιλικές συντροφικές σχέσεις εκτός πλαισίου γάμου ή συμβίωσης. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν συνολικά εξήντα τρεις φοιτητές/τριες, ηλικίας 18-25 ετών, εκ των οποίων είκοσι πέντε ήταν άνδρες και τριάντα οκτώ ήταν γυναίκες. Η μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση της έρευνας ήταν ποιοτική και η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε με τη μέθοδο των ομάδων εστίασης. Συνολικά, διενεργήθηκαν δεκαεπτά ομάδες εστίασης (δέκα ομάδες γυναικών και επτά ομάδες ανδρών). Για την ανάλυση των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η Θεματική Ανάλυση (Reflexive Thematic Analysis, Braun & Clarke, 2006). Τα ευρήματα καταδεικνύουν ότι, εκτός από την «προφανή» ως προς την αναγνώρισή της σωματική βία, ο προσδιορισμός μιας συμπεριφοράς ως βίαιης αποτελεί μια πολύπλοκη και πολυπαραγοντική διεργασία. Όσον αφορά την αιτιολογία της βίας, διαμορφώθηκε στις αφηγήσεις των νεαρών ατόμων είτε μέσω μιας ουδέτερης είτε μέσω διαφορετικών ως προς το φύλο οπτικών. Οι αφηγήσεις των νέων για τη βία αντανακλούσαν κοινωνικές νόρμες και κυρίαρχους λόγους και σενάρια για το φύλο, τις σχέσεις και τη σεξουαλικότητα. Αναδείχθηκε, επίσης, ο ρόλος μιας συλλογικής κουλτούρας για την απόδοση ευθύνης και στιγματισμού των θυμάτων της βίας. Τα ευρήματα συζητούνται ως προς την αξιοποίησή τους στη σχετική έρευνα και σε προγράμματα πρόληψης και παρέμβασης για τη βία στις συντροφικές σχέσεις.
Η επίδραση της άσκησης στη βελτίωση ψυχολογικών παραμέτρων της ποιότητας ζωής και της στάσης απέναντι στη φυσική δραστηριότητα κρατουμένων ελληνικών φυλακών
Authors: Ψύχου Δήμητρα
Published: April 2021

Τα προγράμματα άσκησης κατέχουν σημαντική θέση διεθνώς στα σωφρονιστικά ιδρύματα, όπου ήδη από το 1973 έχει θεσπιστεί η εργασία εκπαιδευτικών Φυσικής Αγωγής στα σωφρονιστικά καταστήματα. Είναι επίσης τεκμηριωμένο ότι η άσκηση συμβάλει σημαντικά στη βελτίωση της σωματικής και ψυχικής υγείας των κρατουμένων. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να εξετάσει την επίδραση της άσκησης στη διάθεση, στην αυτοεκτίμηση, στη ποιότητα ζωής και στα επίπεδα άγχους των κρατουμένων και τη στάση των κρατουμένων στις Ελληνικές Φυλακές απέναντι στην άσκηση. Το δείγμα αποτελούνταν από 60 άνδρες, ηλικίας 25 έως 53 ετών, οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν σε δύο ομάδες: 1) την πειραματική ομάδα (Ν=35), η οποία εφάρμοσε ένα συνδυαστικό πρόγραμμα άσκησης (αερόβια άσκηση, μυϊκή ενδυνάμωση, ασκήσεις ισορροπίας και ευλυγισίας) μέσα στο Κατάστημα Κράτησης διάρκειας 3 μηνών, 3 φορές την εβδομάδα, 60 λεπτά η κάθε συνεδρία και 2) την ομάδα ελέγχου (Ν=25), η οποία ακολούθησε το καθημερινό πρόγραμμα του σωφρονιστικού καταστήματος χωρίς να συμμετέχει σε κάποιο πρόγραμμα άσκησης. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο Ποιότητας ζωής (SF-12 QLQ), το ερωτηματολόγιο του Προφίλ Επιπέδων Διάθεσης (POMS), το Ερωτηματολόγιο αυτοεκτίμησης Άγχους STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) και η κλίμακα Αυτοεκτίμησης (Rosenberg Self – Esteem Scale) τα οποία δόθηκαν στους συμμετέχοντες πριν και στο τέλος του προγράμματος άσκησης. Η ανάλυση διακύμανσης για επαναλαμβανόμενες μετρήσεις έδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μόνο στην πειραματική ομάδα, με βελτίωση να επιτυγχάνεται στην τελική μέτρηση σε σύγκριση με την αρχική για κάθε μία από τις εξεταζόμενες μεταβλητές της ποιότητας ζωής (σωματική υγεία, ψυχική υγεία), της αυτοεκτίμησης, και της διάθεσης. Επιπλέον, παρατηρήθηκαν χαμηλότερα επίπεδα στρες στα άτομα της πειραματικής ομάδας στην τελική μέτρηση. Αντίθετα, δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ αρχικής και τελικής μέτρησης στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Τέλος, βρέθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στη τελική μέτρηση όλων των παραγόντων μεταξύ της πειραματικής ομάδας και της ομάδας ελέγχου, υπέρ της πειραματικής ομάδας. Τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα αποτελούν μια βάση για τη συστηματική εφαρμογή προγραμμάτων άσκησης στα σωφρονιστικά καταστήματα της χώρας.
Υπολογιστική ανάλυση σύγχρονων προτύπων στοιχειωδών σωματιδίων και κοσμολογίας
Authors: Αλιφέρης Γεώργιος
Published: April 2021

Παρουσιάζονται δυο μοντέλα βαρυογένεσης από πρωταρχικές μαύρες τρύπες και επίσης η αναπαραγωγή του πίνακα μίξης των νετρίνων από στοιχεία της ομάδας PSL(2, 7). Αρχικά γίνεται η υπόθεση ότι το σύμπαν μας είναι 5-διάστατο τύπου Randall-Sundrum II και δημιουργούνται πολύ μικρές πρωταρχικές μαύρες τρύπες στην εποχή υψηλής ενέργειας. Η ακτινοβολία Hawking θερμαίνει την περιοχή γύρω από τη μαύρη τρύπα, αποκαθιστώντας την ηλεκτρασθενή συμμετρία. Στο διαχωριστικό τείχος μεταξύ συμμετρικής και ασύμμετρης περιοχής λαμβάνει χώρα ηλεκτρασθενής βαρυογένεση. Η μεταβολή φάσης δεν χρειάζεται να είναι πρώτης τάξης. Η διάρκεια ζωής των μαύρων τρυπών επιμηκύνεται λόγω συσσώρευσης, οδηγώντας σε ενισχυμένη αποδοτικότητα του βαρυογενετικού μηχανισμού. Ο μηχανισμός αυτός εφαρμόστηκε επίσης στο πλαίσιο τροποποιημένης βαρύτητας Brans-Dicke. Πολύ μικρές πρωταρχικές μαύρες τρύπες παράγονται στο τέλος της εποχής κυριαρχίας του Brans-Dicke πεδίου. Δείχνεται ότι η συσσώρευση από τις μαύρες τρύπες μπορεί να είναι αρκετά ισχυρή, ώστε να οδηγήσει σε κυριαρχία των μαύρων τρυπών. Ο παρατηρούμενος βαρυονικός αριθμός παράγεται από τις μαύρες τρύπες για γωνίες CP-ασυμμετρίας που είναι εντός των ορίων που προβλέπουν μοντέλα 2-Higgs διπλέτας. Τέλος, ο παρατηρούμενος πίνακας μίξης των νετρίνων παράχθηκε θεωρώντας ότι οι πίνακες μάζας των νετρίνων και των φορτισμένων λεπτονίων μετατίθενται με στοιχεία της ομάδας PSL(2, 7). Ελέγχθηκαν όλα τα δυνατά ζεύγη, ώστε οι γωνίες μίξης να βρίσκονται εντός των πειραματικών και παρατηρησιακών ορίων.
Classifi cation Basis of Accounting
Authors: Kovalev Aleksey
Published: April 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the role, place and significance of classification as a general scientific method in the theory, methodology and practice of accounting. The description of the accounting functions in the classification aspect is given. A review of the literature was made, in which the topic of classification in accounting is widely presented. It is shown that the classification is considered at the practical level, the methodological and theoretical levels of accounting in the classification aspect are not considered.
Monetary Policy of Russia in 2021–2023: Goals and Risks
Authors: Smirnov I.
Published: April 2021

Monetary policy of Russia in 2021–2023, according to the tradition that has developed over many years, will be focused primarily on ensuring the stability of the ruble by maintaining price stability in order to create favorable conditions for the country’s economic development.
Prospects for Implementing Big Data Analytics into the Auditing Profession
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya , Mel'nik Margarita , Dudorova E.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes modern trends in the digital transformation of audit, problems and prospects for the use of big data analytics in audit and consulting. The providers of the development of the “roboaudit” direction are large audit companies that invest a lot of resources in the digital transformation of audit. To understand the benefits of digital transformation of auditing, a gradual development of the professional IT worldview among young auditors is required, which takes into account the new competence model of the qualification exam for auditors, which allows assessing information technology knowledge in different modules and at all stages of the exam.
Development of the Supreme Bodies of State Financial Control for the Purpose of Training Auditors of the Future
Authors: Karepina Oksana
Published: April 2021

Th e article discusses new challenges to the system of supreme governmental audit bodies. The transformation of financial control bodies is necessary in modern conditions, as it allows to overcome the diffi culties of implementing control measures in a pandemic and to be able to reorient towards their implementation in the remote work mode, without reducing their effi ciency and quality. Th e article is devoted to the study of the rapidly proceeding processes of digitalization of state fi nancial control, which are acquiring special relevance in modern conditions.
Sales Revenue As a Key Audit Issue in Russia (Part 2)
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: April 2021

Organizations whose securities are traded with the organizers of trading in the securities market, which include public joint stock companies, are subject to mandatory audit. Th e auditor’s reports, in accordance with the requirements of International Standard on Auditing 701, issued to such organizations, must disclose key audit matters. Very oft en, auditors opt for such a key issue as “revenue recognition”. Th e article discusses situations when the choice of the topic of the key question on revenue seems insuffi ciently justifi ed, and the wording of the key questions is as identical as if their text was standardized, while the adoption of standard 701 had the opposite goal — information transparency, specifi city and reflection of the characteristics of the activities of each audited entity.
Formation of Adequate Self-Esteem in a Younger Schoolchild to Eliminate Manifestations of Deceit
Authors: Pavlova N.
Published: April 2021

The article highlights the actual psychological and pedagogical problem of manifestation of a tendency to lie in children of primary school age. Based on the study of scientific literature on this topic and the results of an experimental study conducted in the second grades of primary school, the reasons for this communicative phenomenon and its relationship with the level of self-esteem of the child are analyzed. The formation of an adequate self-esteem in a younger student is seen as a means of eliminating his manifestations of deceit. The conditions, methods and techniques of pedagogical activity aimed at the formation of an adequate self-esteem of a younger student, and the role of a teacher in this process are revealed.
Preconditioned deconvolution method for high-resolution ghost imaging
Authors: Tong Zhishen , Liu Zhentao , Hu Chenyu , Wang Jian , Han Shensheng
Published: April 2021

Ghost imaging (GI) can nonlocally image objects by exploiting the fluctuation characteristics of light fields, where the spatial resolution is determined by the normalized second-order correlation function

g

(
2
)

. However, the spatial shift-invariant property of

g

(
2
)

is distorted when the number of samples is limited, which hinders the deconvolution methods from improving the spatial resolution of GI. In this paper, based on prior imaging systems, we propose a preconditioned deconvolution method to improve the imaging resolution of GI by refining the mutual coherence of a sampling matrix in GI. Our theoretical analysis shows that the preconditioned deconvolution method actually extends the deconvolution technique to GI and regresses into the classical deconvolution technique for the conventional imaging system. The imaging resolution of GI after preconditioning is restricted to the detection noise. Both simulation and experimental results show that the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image is obviously enhanced by using the preconditioned deconvolution method. In the experiment, 1.4-fold resolution enhancement over Rayleigh criterion is achieved via the preconditioned deconvolution. Our results extend the deconvolution technique that is only applicable to spatial shift-invariant imaging systems to all linear imaging systems, and will promote their applications in biological imaging and remote sensing for high-resolution imaging demands.
Harmonic injection locking of high-power mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Wang F. , Slivken S. , Razeghi M.
Published: April 2021

High-power, high-speed quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with stable emission in the mid-infrared regime are of great importance for applications in metrology, telecommunication, and fundamental tests of physics. Owing to the intersubband transition, the unique ultrafast gain recovery time of the QCL with picosecond dynamics is expected to overcome the modulation limit of classical semiconductor lasers and bring a revolution for the next generation of ultrahigh-speed optical communication. Therefore, harmonic injection locking, offering the possibility to fast modulate and greatly stabilize the laser emission beyond the rate limited by cavity length, is inherently adapted to QCLs. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the harmonic injection locking of a mid-infrared QCL with an output power over 1 W in continuous-wave operation at 288 K. Compared with an unlocked laser, the intermode spacing fluctuation of an injection-locked QCL can be considerably reduced by a factor above

1
×

10

3

, which permits the realization of an ultrastable mid-infrared semiconductor laser with high phase coherence and frequency purity. Despite temperature change, this fluctuation can be still stabilized to hertz level by a microwave modulation up to

∼
18
  
GHz

. These results open up the prospect of the applications of mid-infrared QCL technology for frequency comb engineering, metrology, and the next-generation ultrahigh-speed telecommunication. It may also stimulate new schemes for exploring ultrafast mid-infrared pulse generation in QCLs.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase Ubr5 cooperates with hedgehog signalling to promote skeletal tissue homeostasis
Authors: Mellis David , Staines Katherine A. , Peluso Silvia , Georgiou Ioanna Ch. , Dora Natalie , Kubiak Malgorzata , van’t Hof Rob , Grillo Michela , Farquharson Colin , Kinsella Elaine , Thornburn Anna , Ralston Stuart H. , Salter Donald M. , Riobo-Del Galdo Natalia A. , Hill Robert E. , Ditzel Mark
Published: April 2021

Mammalian Hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is linked to rheumatological disorders. UBR5 is the mammalian homologue of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hyd, a negative regulator of the Hh-pathway inDrosophila. To investigate a possible role of UBR5 in regulation of the musculoskeletal system through modulation of mammalian HH signaling, we created a mouse model for specific loss ofUbr5function in limb bud mesenchyme. Our findings revealed a role for UBR5 in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and suppressing metaplasia.Ubr5loss of function resulted in progressive and dramatic articular cartilage degradation, enlarged, abnormally shaped sesamoid bones and extensive heterotopic tissue metaplasia linked to calcification of tendons and ossification of synovium. Genetic suppression of smoothened (Smo),a key mediator of HH signalling, dramatically enhanced theUbr5mutant phenotype. Analysis of HH signalling in both mouse and cell model systems revealed that loss ofUbr5stimulated canonical HH-signalling while also increasing PKA activity. In addition, human osteoarthritic samples revealed similar correlations betweenUBR5expression, canonical HH signalling and PKA activity markers. Our studies identified a crucial function for theUbr5gene in the maintenance of skeletal tissue homeostasis and an unexpected mode of regulation of the HH signalling pathway.
COVID-IRS: A novel predictive score for risk of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Garcia-Gordillo José Antonio , Camiro-Zúñiga Antonio , Aguilar-Soto Mercedes , Cuenca Dalia , Cadena-Fernández Arturo , Khouri Latife Salame , Rayek Jesica Naanous , Mercado Moises ,   The ARMII Study Group
Published: April 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease that can rapidly progress into acute respiratory failure and death. Timely identification of these patients is crucial for a proper administration of health-care resources.

Objective

To develop a predictive score that estimates the risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among patients with COVID-19.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study of 401 COVID-19 patients diagnosed from March 12, to August 10, 2020. The score development cohort comprised 211 patients (52.62% of total sample) whereas the validation cohort included 190 patients (47.38% of total sample). We divided participants according to the need of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and looked for potential predictive variables.

Results

We developed two predictive scores, one based on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the other one on the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), using the following variables: respiratory rate, SpO2/FiO2 ratio and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The area under the curve (AUC) in the development cohort was 0.877 (0.823–0.931) using the NLR based score and 0.891 (0.843–0.939) using the IL-6 based score. When compared with other similar scores developed for the prediction of adverse outcomes in COVID-19, the COVID-IRS scores proved to be superior in the prediction of IMV.

Conclusion

The COVID-IRS scores accurately predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients using readily available variables taken upon admission. More studies testing the applicability of COVID-IRS in other centers and populations, as well as its performance as a triage tool for COVID-19 patients are needed.