bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Competence of Adult Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with Severe Deprivation History: A Relational Approach
Authors: Kalcher-Sommersgute Elfriede , Franz-Schaider Cornelia , Crailsheim Karl , Preuschoft Signe
Published: May 2021

The development of social competence depends on feedback from partners. We evaluated the social competence of 18 adult re-socialized chimpanzees with respect to (1) social group membership and (2) deprivation history combination. The groups comprised either a majority of early (EDs; mean age at onset of deprivation: 1.2 years) or late deprived chimpanzees (LDs; mean age at onset of deprivation: 3.6 years). We reapplied our model of social competence with five grades of social stimulation and found a diminished toleration of social stimulation (1) in ED-majority groups compared to the group where LDs predominate and (2) in homogeneous ED-majority dyads compared to homogeneous LD-majority dyads. LDs but not EDs representing the minority within their group were able to adjust their stimulation seeking to the majority of partners. Only the LD-dominated group and the homogeneous LD-majority dyads, respectively, showed improvements of social competence from the first to the second year following re-socialization.
Food Preferences of the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: Cameron Kristie E. , Bizo Lewis A. , Starkey Nicola J.
Published: May 2021

The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has been reported to eat vegetation, fruit, invertebrates, and occasionally fungi, eggs and meat. The relative preference between food types found in the wild, however, has not been investigated systematically in a controlled laboratory study. This research investigated captive possums’ food choice using two different methods of preference assessment. The first experiment involved a single stimulus assessment of possums’ (n = 20) consumption of individually presented food items. More than 75% of possums consumed berries, locusts and mushrooms but fewer than 50% of possums consumed fivefinger, raw chicken and eggs. The second experiment that used a paired stimulus assessment to establish relative preference for those foods revealed that no single food was preferred by all possums. Overall locusts were the most preferred food, followed in order of preference by berries, egg, mushrooms, chicken and foliage. The single stimulus preference assessment confirmed the palatability of foods. The paired stimulus assessment provided a rank order of food preferences.//
Capuchin Monkeys Exercise Self-control by Choosing Token Exchange Over an Immediate Reward
Authors: Judge Peter G. , Essler Jennifer L.
Published: May 2021

Self-control is a prerequisite for complex cognitive processes such as cooperation and planning. As such, comparative studies of self-control may help elucidate the evolutionary origin of these capacities. A variety of methods have been developed to test for self-control in non-human primates that include some variation of foregoing an immediate reward in order to gain a more favorable reward. We used a token exchange paradigm to test for self-control in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Animals were trained that particular tokens could be exchanged for food items worth different values. To test for self-control, a monkey was provided with a token that was associated with a lower-value food. When the monkey exchanged the token, the experimenter provided the monkey with a choice between the lower-value food item associated with the token or another token that was associated with a higher-value food. If the monkey chose the token, they could then exchange it for the higher-value food. Of seven monkeys trained to exchange tokens, five demonstrated that they attributed value to the tokens by differentially selecting tokens for higher-value foods over tokens for lower-value foods. When provided with a choice between a food item or a token for a higher-value food, two monkeys selected the token significantly more than expected by chance. The ability of capuchin monkeys to forego an immediate food reward and select a token that could then be traded for a more preferred food demonstrated some degree of self-control. Thus, results suggest a token exchange paradigm could be a successful technique for assessing self-control in this New World species.//
Trends in the Field of Mammalian Social Behavior and Health Over the Last 20 Years
Authors: Vandeleest Jessica J. , Hannibal Darcy L. , Beisner Brianne A. , Barnard Allison M. , McCowan Brenda
Published: May 2021

In any scientific field there are thematic changes over time as new technologies and methods of investigation are developed and accumulated knowledge drives new research directions. The current study examines how themes in the investigation of social behavior and health have changed over the last 20 years. Literature searches were performed to identify articles published between 1993-2012 that investigate the intersection between social behavior and health in mammals. Results identify the top journals that publish articles in this field and describe trends in how sub-divisions in social behavior (e.g. aggression or dominance) and health (e.g. immunity or brain chemicals) have changed over the last 20 years. Our results suggest a dramatic increase in publications on the intersection between social behavior and health over this time span. Major categories of study include relationships between general social behavior or social stress and health outcomes relating to stress responses, endocrinology, and the brain.
Operant Variability and the Evolution of Volition
Authors: Neuringer Allen
Published: May 2021

Volition has been debated for thousands of years: what is it, how is it possible for biophysical beings to behave in a voluntary manner, indeed, does volition exist? Evolution of volition has rarely been part of the discussion. In this paper, I argue that operant-conditioning studies provide evidence for evolved volition. Three attributes are common to operant and voluntary behaviors. One is that responses are goal-directed, purposeful, some say rational, or controlled by reinforcing consequences. A second is that the responses vary – from random-like to repetitive – with predictability (or unpredictability) depending upon contexts and consequences. A third attribute is that responses appear to be self-generated or, in operant terms, emitted. These attributes are found in many species, simple to complex, but species also differ in details. Taken together, the evidence supports an evolutionary basis of volition.
Decreased Key Pecking in Response to Reward Uncertainty and Surprising Delay Extension in Pigeons
Authors: Wittek Neslihan , Wittek Kevin , Güntürkün Onur , Anselme Patrick
Published: May 2021

The Pavlovian autoshaping paradigm has often been used to assess the behavioral effects of reward omission on behavior. We trained pigeons to receive a food reward (unconditioned stimulus or UCS) following illumination of a response key (conditioned stimulus or CS). In Experiment 1, one group of pigeons was trained with two 100% predictive CS-UCS associations (reward certainty) and another group with two 25% predictive CS-UCS associations (reward uncertainty) for 12 sessions. In both groups, the two CS durations were 8 s. Then, in each group, the duration of one CS remained unchanged and that of the other CS was suddenly extended from 8 to 24 s for 6 sessions. In Experiment 2, some experienced individuals (from Experiment 1) and naïve individuals formed two groups trained with a 24-s CS throughout for 18 sessions. Our results show that pigeons (a) pecked less at the uncertain than the certain CS, (b) decreased and then increased CS-pecking after extending CS duration, especially in the certainty condition, (c) were unresponsive to the 24-s CS in the absence of previous experience, and (d) decreased their response rate close to the end of a trial irrespective of the reinforcement condition, CS duration, and amount of training. These results are discussed in relation to several theoretical frameworks.
Foreign Subsidies, Distortions and Acquisitions: Can the Playing Field Be Levelled?
Authors: Nagy Csongor István
Published: May 2021

The world trade system’s bedrock was laid more than seventy years ago and its architecture and structural principles were shaped by the societal paradigm of western democracies. The last two decades have seen the admission of various government-dominated economies to the WTO. This raised serious paradigmatic challenges. The system tailored to the needs and characteristics of western democracies proved to be inadequately equipped to frame government-dominated economies. This paper addresses one of these new challenges: government subsidies. First, it gives an overview of the status and treatment of product and service subsidies in WTO law and the gaps and shortcomings that result in the system’s failure to address trade-distortive state aids. Second, it examines the European Commission’s White Paper on Levelling the Playing Field as Regards Foreign Subsidies (“White Paper”), which ushers a comprehensive European response to the problems raised by subsidization in international trade. Third, the paper analyzes the WTO framework that governs and confines unilateral actions targeting foreign subsidies. Fourth, the paper makes a proposal for a complementary way to address the world trade system’s “subsidies problem”.
First Aid Awareness Campaign for Two Undergraduate Nursing Cohorts
Authors: Afifi Mona H. , Dela Rama E. , Al Qahtani Yara A. , Al Dosary Afnan , Hamdi Amnah Y.
Published: May 2021

Context: First aid is an emergency measure of saving a life, preventing further deterioration, and promoting recovery of the victim before professional medical help is initiated.  Awareness campaigns are significant community efforts to raise awareness of community groups regarding critical concerns.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the first aid awareness campaign on student knowledge among two undergraduate nursing cohorts.

Methods: A quasi-experimental research (pre/post-test design) is selected to achieve the aim of this study. The study is conducted at King Saud bin Abdel-Aziz University Health Science College. A sample of 82 undergraduate student nurses is allocated from third and fourth years. A structured interview questionnaire is designed to assess the undergraduate student nurses’ cohorts’ level of knowledge regarding first aid.

Results: The study reveals a statistically significant improvement of the two undergraduate nursing cohorts’ level of knowledge in post-test compared to their pre-test scores. A non-statistically significant difference is revealed between two undergraduate nursing student cohorts (3rd and 4th year) level of knowledge after exposure to awareness session.

Conclusion: The study provides evidences of the efficacy of awareness campaigns to raise awareness of such a critical issue as first aid among nursing college students, recommending a separate first aid course for undergraduate nursing students once they start their major nursing courses. The study also recommends further studies for evaluating the effect of awareness campaigns as an active student learning method.
Critical study of the written discourse of the suicide news published by a local newspaper in the city of Valledupar during 2015
Authors: Medina-Pulido Pedro L. , Murcia-Donado Frank J. , Araujo Carmen B. , Alvis-Barranco Libia , Olivella-López Giselle
Published: May 2021

The objective of the research was to carry out a critical study of the written discourse of suicide news in a local newspaper in the city of Valledupar during 2015, considering the recommendations delivered by the World Health Organization (WHO), to disseminate this type of acts. Quantitative descriptive research was carried out and the particular variables of analysis (suicide news) were systematized and established, based on the use of written language, the suicide news reported by the newspaper during the chosen year was analyzed.

El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un estudio crítico del discurso escrito de noticias suicidas en un diario local de la ciudad de Valledupar durante 2015,considerando las recomendaciones entregadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), para difundir este tipo de actos
Individual and family motivational intervention for treatment of alcohol abuse
Authors: López-Beltrán Iván , Pedroza-Cabrera Francisco Javier , Martínez-Martínez Kalina Isela , Roca-Chiapas María de la , Carranza-Jasso Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

Alcohol abuse is one of four non-communicable diseases that kill 70 % of the world’s population, damaging the individual and his family’s functionality. This project’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of family versus individual alcohol abuse intervention using a transtheoretical model and motivational interview.

El abuso de alcohol es una de las cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles que matan al 70% de la población mundial y dañan al individuo y la funcionalidad des u familia.
Psychological resources and gaudiebility
Authors: Reyna Barajas Gloria Velia , Padrós Blázquez Ferran , Copertari Isaacson Luis Fernando
Published: May 2021

A correlational study to find out the relationship between the independent variables (psychological resources and gaudiebility) and the dependent variables (academic performance, stress, and risk behaviors) is developed and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is proposed.

Un estudio correlacional para encontrar la relación entre las variables independientes (recursos psicológicos y gaudibilidad) y las variables dependientes (desempeño académico, estrés y comportamientos de riesgo) se desarrolla y un Modelode Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE) se propone.
Implementation of motivational interview and dropout to treatment
Authors: Jiménez Pérez Ana Lucía , Martínez Martínez Kalina Isela , Vargas Contreras Eunice
Published: May 2021

Dropout is a recurring problem in psychological treatments, generally, it has been attributed to patient variables, however, these effects are probably due to the therapist’s skills, therefore, since the Motivational Interview is a strategy that seeks to increase treatment adherence, it is necessary to evaluate the skills of the therapists.

La deserción es un problema recurrente en los tratamientos psicológicos y generalmente se atribuye a variables de los pacientes, sin embargo, probablemente estos efectos se deban a las habilidades del terapeuta, por lo que, al ser la Entrevista Motivacional una estrategia que busca incrementarla adherencia al tratamiento es necesario evaluar las habilidades de los terapeutas.
The influence of personality and motives on highly HIV-adherent patients from Venezuela: Theoretical and structural equation analysis
Authors: Laborín Álvarez Jesús F. , González Mendoza Ronald , Torin Braz Marydela A. , Ybarra  Sagarduy José L.
Published: May 2021

The practice of adherence behaviors in patients living with HIV is essential to keep viral load levels undetectable and to avoid complications associated with the disease. One of the most important influences for practicing such behaviors is the psychological factors.

La práctica de conductas de adherencia en pacientes que viven con VIH es fundamental para mantener indetectables los niveles de carga viral y evitar complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad. Una de las influencias más importantes para practicar tales comportamientos son los factores psicológicos.
Eating disorders symptoms prevention program in Mexican children
Authors: Camacho Ruiz Esteban Jaime , Escoto Ponce de León María del Consuelo , Contreras Landgrave Georgina , Ibarra Espinosa Manuel Leonardo , Cervantes Luna Brenda Sarahi
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, eating disorders (ED) prevention programs have gained relevance due to the impact they have on people, especially on children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an eating disorder prevention program in children. Sixty elementary school children assigned to one of two conditions (control and intervention) participated, who answered three measures that assess: ED symptoms, the influence of body aesthetic model, and self-esteem, before and after an 8-session intervention, aimed at reducing the symptoms associated with eating disorders.

En décadas recientes, los programas de prevención de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) han cobrado relevancia debido al impacto quetien en en las personas, especialmente en los niños.
Ergogenic substances and drive for muscularity among gym users at different risk levels for muscle dysmorphia
Authors: Cervantes-Luna Brenda Sarahi , Escoto Ponce de León María del Consuelo , Camacho Ruíz Esteban Jaime
Published: May 2021

Many studies have investigated the association between ergogenic substance use and symptoms of eating disorders, but not with the muscle dysmorphia risk level. In this research, the practice of exercise, the use of anabolic steroids and nutrition supplements, among gym users at different risk levels for muscle dysmorphia, as well as the reasons for use were analyzed.

Muchos estudios han investigado la relación entre el consumo de sustancias ergogénicas y síntomas de trastornos alimentarios, pero no con el nivel de riesgo de dismorfia muscular.
The clinical psychologist and evidence-based practice in Mexico: Passing fad or pressing need?
Authors: Vargas-Contreras Eunice , Jiménez-Pérez Ana Lucía , Gutiérrez-García Raúl Alejandro , Martínez-Martínez Kalina Isela
Published: May 2021

Implementing Evidence-based practices entails a demand not only on the clinician and professional training but also a demand on the institutional economic, material, and human resources. Such demands can be either facilitator of the processor, in some cases, major barriers.

La implementación de la Práctica con Base en la Evidencia implica una demanda no solo en la formación profesional y clínica, sino también en recursos institucionales económicos, materiales y humanos.
Fieldwork approaching in socially excluded participants of young neet
Authors: Gutiérrez-García Raúl A. , Martínez Martínez Kalina Isela , Moral Jiménez María de la Villa , Cudris-Torres Lorena , González-González Rogaciano , Paz-Pérez María Abigail
Published: May 2021

This article offers a reflection on how to approach the phenomenon of young people who neither study nor work with the intention of showing an alternative to perform the fieldwork procedure with the support of various qualitative methodological strategies and psychological clinical intervention.

El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión de cómo aproximarse al fenómeno de los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan con la intención de mostrar una alternativa de realizar el procedimiento de trabajo de campo con el apoyo de diversas estrategias metodológicas cualitativas y para una intervención clínica.
Mental health components addressed in peace agreements for armed conflicts completions in the world
Authors: Concha Mendoza Cristian Camilo , Camelo Mendoza Rossana Ninoska
Published: May 2021

It is known that there have been armed conflicts around the world that ended through a negotiated exit but ¿Have mental health has been a central component in peace agreements for the termination of armed conflicts in different geographical areas around the world? This question will try to answered through a systematic review of representative conflicts around the world with a qualitative methodology.

Se sabe que ha habido conflictos armados en todo e lmundo que terminaron con una salida negociada pero ¿la salud mental ha sido un componente central en los acuerdos de paz para la terminación de los conflictos armados en diferentes áreas geográficas del mundo?
Células tronco: promessas e realidades da terapia celular
Authors: Pereira Lygia da Veiga
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar ao leitor aspectos da atual discussão sobre células tronco embrionárias em nosso país. O texto foi preparado com base na apresentação realizada na XI Reunião Científica Anual do Instituto Butantan, realizada em 3 de dezembro de 2009 em São Paulo. O artigo mostra os passos dados até aqui, no sentido da incorporação científica e aponta para a necessidade de se ampliar a geração de conhecimentos, mediante o estabelecimento de redes de pesquisa.
Coleção: Memória da Assistência ao Parto
Authors: Pillo Aldona Di
Published: May 2021

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Política sanitária: o discurso de Rodolfo Mascarenhas nas revistas médicas de São Paulo
Authors: Bernardino Junior Cláudio , Silva Márcia Regina Barros da
Published: May 2021

O sanitarista Rodolfo dos Santos Mascarenhas é figura conhecida na historiografia preocupada com a história do sanitarismo em São Paulo. Sua tese de livre-docência, apresentada em 1949 na Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, é constantemente citada na literatura, apesar disso, seus trabalhos publicados no periódico Arquivos da Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo permanecem pouco explorados. Neste texto discutiremos especificamente dois artigos científicos, Contribuição para o estudo das despesas do governo do Estado de São Paulo com os seus serviços de saúde pública (1890-1948), de 1948, e Contribuição para o estudo do financiamento das unidades sanitárias locais pelos municípios brasileiros, de 1950, que dialogam com sua tese e podem fornecer novos subsídios para a historiografiado período. Os dois textos abordam controvérsias políticas tratando-os apenas como controvérsias científicas, com argumentos que os identificam como científicos, racionais e propositivos. Procuraremos demonstrar como o discurso de Mascarenhas conecta intimamente política, sociedade e ciência, apontando também como as revistas médicas paulistas são espaços privilegiados para o acompanhamento das transformações porque passaram instituições médico-científicas do Estado de São Paulo.
O desenvolvimento da política científica e tecnológica na Primeira República (1889-1930): uma análise a partir dos institutos de pesquisa paulistas e federais
Authors: Sanches Júnior Jefferson de Lara
Published: May 2021

A Proclamação da República em 1889 trouxe a descentralização política, transferindo o poder decisório para os estados. Durante esse período, o estado de São Paulo passou por um considerável desenvolvimento econômico que também se refletiu na constituição de sua política de ciência e tecnologia, destacando-se a criação de institutos de pesquisa em saúde pública e agricultura, como o Instituto Bacteriológico e o Instituto Biológico. Vemos também que a ação preponderante do governo central realizada ao longo do Império se arrefeceu durante a Primeira República, centrando suas ações no Distrito Federal e na criação de institutos de saúde pública, como o Instituto de Manguinhos. Frente a esse cenário, propomos nesse estudo a análise do panorama científico e tecnológico de São Paulo e do governo federal durante a Primeira República através de seus institutos de pesquisa, destacando as continuidades e rupturas existentes entre ambos.
Plano de Serviço de Higiene no interior do Estado De São Paulo
Authors: Pascale Humberto
Published: May 2021

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A BIFURCAÇÃO DA NATUREZA: HISTÓRIA, EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO, DEFINIÇÃO E CRÍTICA NA FILOSOFIA WHITEHEADIANA
Authors: Ferreira Martins Rafael
Published: May 2021

Com este trabalho objetiva-se esclarecer o complexo conceito de Bifurcação da Natureza, oriundo da filosofia de Alfred North Whitehead. Apresenta-se uma breve história da Bifurcação, isto é, a influência de modelos anteriores em sua formação e a problemática que levou à sua formulação; em seguida, partindo da base introdutória disposta pela abordagem histórica, são exemplificados diversos sistemas bifurcados, visando auxiliar o leitor na visualização da Bifurcação em seus diversos campos de ocorrência; por fim, utilizando-se dos exemplos e da abordagem histórica, apresenta-se uma definição para o conceito de Bifurcação da Natureza. Além da busca por esclarecimento, quanto ao conceito em sua história, existência e complexidade, evidencia-se críticas básicas ao modelo bifurcado, estritamente, refutações e questionamentos iniciais da filosofia whiteheadiana à Bifurcação da Natureza.
Tüketicilerin Seyahat Tercihleri İle Koronafobi Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SAĞLIK Kadir , DUYGUN Adnan
Published: May 2021

Çalışmada Covid-19 sürecinde tüketicilerin seyahat tercihleri ile koronafobi düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeler İstanbul ili ile sınırlandırılmış ve veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket, 501 tüketiciye uygulanmış ve Covid-19 sürecinde seyahat tercihlerinin koronafobi düzeyi ile ilişkilerinin analiz edilebilmesi için belirleyici sorular sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ise tüketicilerin seyahat tercihleri oluşturan bazı değişkenler ile koronafobi düzeyleri arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif ilişkiler olduğu görülmüştür.
Zuber’s Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Standards for Hospitals
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Mujeeb
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is affecting 220 nations and territories in the world. As of May 11th, 2021, there were 158,651,638 reported and confirmed cases of COVID-19 to WHO, out of which 3,299,764 were reported death to WHO. However, there are no defined, structured and concise Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Standards for Hospitals in order to manage such cases in the hospitals by maintain quality, patient safety, risk management and patient experience. Objective: To develop Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Standards for Hospitals. Method: This is a review of literature study and the data were collected with comprehensive searches in the online databases of goggle scholars and research gate. Conclusions: The study concluded with “Zuber’s Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Standards for Hospitals.”
Device for determining frictional properties of fibers
Authors: Yermekbay K. N. , Otynshiyev M. B. , Eserkepbay K. , Niyazbekov B. Zh. , Assanova A.
Published: May 2021

This article describes instruments for measuring the forces involved in the sliding process during friction of the thread and the forces between the fibers during drawing. A device was developed for measuring the friction forces between fibers based on electric strain gauges and processing their data on a computer. On the device both static and dynamic values of the friction coefficients can be measured. The use of the device I production will make it easy to select lubricants to optimize the processes of drawing textile materials and improve the quality of products by increasing the uniformity of the tape, rovings and yarn.
Production of a medicine based on aspirine in a capsulated form
Authors: Zainullina A. Sh. , Jarylgapova D. S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the development of technology for obtaining a drug based on aspirin and paracetamol in the form of capsules. Marketing analysis has shown the relevance of the development of medicinal preparations in the form of capsules in Kazakhstan. The main physical, chemical and technological properties of the substance samples were studied. The quality indicators of the initial raw material and the finished product are determined. Technological calculations were performed.
Evaluation of the effect of plant material on the quality of cooked sausages
Authors: Sarsembekova A. T. , Korzeniowska M. , Uzakov Ya. M. , Zheleuova Zh. S.
Published: May 2021

Various amounts of buckwheat hulls (1%, 1,5%, and 3%) were added to cooked turkey sausages. The effect of buckwheat hulls on the physicochemical characteristics of the cooked turkey sausages, including, pH, instrumental color, texture profile analysis (TPA), antioxidant content and sensory evaluation, were determined. Increased levels of added buckwheat hulls led to higher antioxidant activity. However, the protein and fat contents of the cooked turkey sausage samples were constant. The instrumental color in control sample were L*=65,1, a*=5,6, and b*=9,8. There were slight differences in the TPA among the treated samples. According to the results of the sensory and objective assessment of consumer properties, it can be argued that sample F1 with the introduction of buckwheat hulls 3,0% had a negative effect on sensory properties of cooked turkey sausages. The best marks were given to the sample  F1 with the introduction of buckwheat hulls 1,0% on sensory evaluation.
Developing vocabulary of hospitality and tourism in university students: Subtitled videos for lexicon generation
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Rojas Encalada María A. , Arteaga Sarmiento Magaly ,   Universidad de Azuay
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted in an Ecuadorian state University, with students majoring in Hospitality and Tourism. One subject that students must take in this major is English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It is well noted that students do not have frequent opportunities to listen to English in professional contexts outside of class. Most of them have a low level of English proficiency since they are only required to pass two levels of English at any language institute. Consequently, this study aims to find the perceptions of students about the use of English subtitled videos or movies to develop tourism vocabulary and to explore the benefits of using these videos in a context where there is no practice of the target language outside the classroom.
Sendero interpretativo agroturístico. Una estrategia para el desarrollo sustentable en la comunidad de Galayacu-Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Maza Maza Jaime Enrique , Iñiguez Martínez Alex Enrique ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Castro Freire Armando Roberto ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: May 2021

La construcción de senderos de interpretación es una herramienta educativa eficaz, que permite generar cambios de actitud en la sociedad, permitiéndole al turista conocer, percibir y valorar los elementos del ambiente a través de la experiencia directa con los recursos naturales y productos representativos creados por el hombre en el territorio. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el diseño de un sendero interpretativo agroturístico sustentable en la comunidad de Galayacu, región Sur del Ecuador, se contempló los ámbitos; socioculturales, físico espacial, ecológicos, económico productivo y político. La técnica empleada consistió; en un diagnostico participativo a través de cinco (5) transeptos, apoyado de fuentes bibliográficas, lista de chequeo, observaciones in situ, informantes precisos, cuestionarios y entrevistas.
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el emprendimiento comunitario femenino en el sector turístico de Santa Elena - Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Núñez Guale Linda , Lucas Saltos Roberto ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Serrano Luyo Manuel ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar la aplicabilidad de la responsabilidad social empresarial y la participación del género femenino en el desarrollo de los emprendimientos comunitarios turísticos de Santa Elena – Ecuador, se delimitó con una metodología de investigación básica de nivel descriptivo, fundamentando los lineamientos teóricos de las variables en la identificación de características, tendencias internacionales y nacionales, limitantes en los sectores comunitarios, participación activa de la mujer y su inserción en el campo laboral, de manera particular en el sector turístico; aspectos enmarcados bajo un diseño de estudio transversal con una recogida de información en el año 2019 en la comuna Libertador Bolívar de la provincia de Santa Elena.
Recursos materiales audiovisuales basados en las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación aplicadas a la educación
Authors:   Universidad de la Costa Barranquilla - Colombia, Guzmán Valeta Ana Milena , Bueno Gutiérrez Carlos Andrés ,   Magisterio Colombiano, Martínez Escorcia Yuranis Milena ,   Magisterio Colombiano
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar el efecto existente entre los recursos materiales audiovisuales y los procesos de aprendizaje en estudiantes del nivel primario. La metodología empleada corresponde a una investigación enmarcada en enfoque investigativo cuantitativo con un diseño cuasi experimental. Se trabajó con una muestra de 69 estudiantes del 2° año de educación primaria de una Institución educativa, ubicada en el Distrito de Barranquilla, de la Región de Departamento del Atlántico Colombia. Las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados en esta investigación fueron encuestas que se desarrollaron a través de cuestionarios. De acuerdo a los resultados estadísticos obtenidos, se confirmó la hipótesis general, donde se determina que existe un efecto significativo, entre la variable independiente Recursos Materiales Audiovisuales y la variable dependiente Aprendizaje en la población estudiada.
Assessment of Proximate and Physico-Chemical Potentials of Crude Kernel Oil Extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl
Authors: M. Stephen Chomini , M. Junior Francis , Musa Ishaya , A. Emilia Chomini , M. Kalu Peter
Published: May 2021

The finite, depleting and unsustainable nature of fossil fuels remained a global concern. This had continued to stir up an urgent need to consider cheaper renewable and sustainable alternative. Consequently, the assay of proximate and physico-chemical potentials of crude kernel oil extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. was conducted. This was intended to evaluate the nutritional and some of the inherent biodiesel properties. The procedure according to Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were deployed to analyze the proximate, physico-chemical and fatty acids contents of the crude kernel oil extracted of the test plant. It was found that the oil sample of the test plant had 9.25±0.05% (moisture content), 6.10±0.09% (crude fiber), 23.62±0.02% (crude protein), 44.35 ±0.04% (crude lipid), 10.35±0.04% (ash) and 6.33±0.03% (carbohydrate). The physico – chemical assay of the oil revealed promising biodiesel properties with relative density (0.966±0.01g/cm3), refractive index (1.465±0.05 at 30°C), calorific value (38.93±0.13MJ/kg), viscosity value (150.1±0.70 mm2/s), saponification value (220.30±0.98 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (4.26 ± 0.08meq/Kg), acid value (2.49±0.04 mgKOH/g), iodine value (64.70±0.10 g/100g) and cetane number (56.52±0.68). Furthermore, 14-methyl Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2), 13,16-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C19H34O2) and Heptacosanoic acid, methyl ester (C28H56O2) were the assayed fatty acids content of crude kernel oil extract of C. schweinfurthii. These had relative percentage abundance (RPA) of 25.80±0.04%, 67.60±0.30% and
6.60±0.03%. The findings clearly elucidated the biodiesel potential of the kernel oil sample of C. schweinfurthii and consequently recommended its incorporation. In this regard, it became imperative for concerted afforestation efforts that would guarantee its sustainable utilization.
Management of adverse events in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kang Myoung Joo
Published: May 2021

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events related to the mechanism of action which is quite different from that of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Adverse effects can affect multiple organs of the body and are most common in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and endocrine tissues, including the thyroid, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, as well as musculoskeletal, renal, nervous, hematologic, cardiovascular, and ocular systems. Any changes should be considered as being related to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Adverse events are very infrequent, but may be very serious and, even lethal, such as neurological disorders and myocarditis. When compared with standard chemotherapeutic agents, programmed death 1/programmed deathligand 1inhibitors are associated with a lower incidence of bone marrow suppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy can usually continue in the presence of mild immune-related adverse events with close monitoring. However, moderate to severe immune-related adverse events may be associated with a severe decline in organ function and quality of life, and may result in fatal outcomes. Hence, these toxicities require early detection and proper management. The management of immune-related adverse events usually involves corticosteroid therapy or the use of immunomodulators. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease or a history of prior organ transplant should include careful consideration and a robust discussion of potential risks and benefits.
A Comparative Study on the Export Competitiveness of the Mineral Industries of the Mano River Union Countries in the US Market using the Shift Share Analysis
Authors: Kamara Sheku Maddie , Brima Sesay,
Published: May 2021

The mineral sectors of the Mano River Union countries are important contributors to their economic growth. More than half of the export revenues of these countries are derived from the extraction and exportation of minerals. This study was conducted in order to assess the competitiveness of the mineral industries of the Mano River Union countries vis-à-vis Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia. The shift share analysis was applied in order to identify the industries that have comparative advantages in the mineral sectors of the sample countries. The United States market was selected as the base of the research upon which the results were analyzed. The total minerals exports of the three countries were classified into five (5) groups based on the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC2-3). The relevant categories were as follows: (1) Iron and Ferro-Alloy Metals (Fe), (2) Non-ferrous Metals (NFM), (3) Industrial Minerals (IM), (4) Precious Metals (PM), and (5) Mineral Fuel (MF). For the purpose of shift share analysis, the study period were divided into two separate terminal periods of 2005-2009, and 2010-2014, taking into consideration the export data runs for ten (10) years. Precisely for Sierra Leone, the NFM, PM and IM industries all show positive correlation values, whilst the Fe industry on the other hand shows a negative correlation value. The result further confirms that the NFM industry was the most competitive industry, whilst the Fe industry was the least competitive. In the case of Guinea, the NFM, IM and MF industries all show positive correlation values, whilst the PM industry shows negative correlation value. The NFM industry was the highest performer, and therefore the most competitive industry. For Liberia, the Fe industry shows positive net shift, whilst the IM industry shows a negative net shift. Overall, the most competitive in the US market was Guinea, followed by Sierra Leone and Liberia respectively.
The Roles of Switching Barriers and Corporate Image between user Experience and Loyalty in Indonesia Mobile Network Operators
Authors: Rachmawati Indira , Mohaidin Zurina
Published: May 2021

Recently, the competition among mobile network operators in Indonesia is getting tight that was shown by the price war and the saturated condition. Mobile network operator is the fastest growing companies in telecommunication sector that causes user has a wide range of selection. Previous authors believed that users will tend to be loyalty when they faced too many barriers to switch to other operator. Besides that, users also make a consideration regarding to the corporate image of their operator. This study has an intention to examine the effect of switching barriers and corporate image on the relationship between user experience and loyalty. Out of 400 respondents were obtained by quota sampling technique with 66 questionnaire items in Indonesia showed that switching barriers mediate the relationship between user experience and loyalty with the greatest value came from the relationship among perceived service quality, switching barriers, and loyalty. It implies that users will be loyal when they met too many barriers to become a switcher, at the time they perceived service quality in excellent condition. At the same time, corporate image strengthen the relationship between monetary and switching barriers, meaning that the relationship between monetary and switching barrier became stronger when users’ perceived corporate image was high.
Shelf Life and Acceptability of Different Fruity Flavored Soy milk under two Types of Storage Method
Authors: L. Caluza Prof. Glena
Published: May 2021

Soymilk or Soya milk is liquid obtained by suspending soybean flour in water, used as a fat-free substitute for milk, particularly by vegans and by those unable to tolerate milk products. Soy milk is a good substitute for cow's milk on many levels. It acts as a good source of protein, lactose-free, an interesting alternative for consumers who are lactose intolerant and allergic to cow’s milk. Nowadays, many food products are enhanced, engineered, modified and fortified for health and economic reasons. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the sensory aspects and shelf life of fruit flavored soy milk using two different storage method and consumers’ acceptability. To this goal, there were five different powdered fruits were added in appropriate amount to the plain soy milk like mango, soursop, melon, strawberry and banana. The shelf life of the products was tested between two storage methods. The results interestingly manifested that in average shelf life under refrigerated condition, the melon flavored soymilk had the longest shelf life of 24 days, soursop flavored with 21 days, banana had 20 days, strawberry had 15 days and mango flavored was the shortest shelf life of 10 days. Unrefrigerated samples majority revealed that it only lasts for 10 hours. For sensory evaluation and acceptability, there were 105 trained and consumer typed of pane lists involved in actual food testing based on Hedonic Scale Acceptability Test. The overall acceptability revealed that strawberry flavor soymilk was ranked as like moderately by the consumers as well as banana and melon. Unflavored soymilk, mango and soursop are slightly acceptable. The overall result of product acceptability constituted as good. The interpretation of the findings signified that adding fruit flavor to pure soya milk enhance its palatability factor and mask the beany-off flavor and consequently offer more variance of soya milk product to choose from and also it is economically feasible.
Public Procurement Act 2007 and Economic Growth in Nigeria: South-South Perspective
Authors: Sunday Omiekuma Omekwe,
Published: May 2021

Economic development may be achievable through efficient and effective allocation of resources. In same vein, effective and cost effective resource allocation can only be powered by an equally ‘effective and transparent’ procurement process or system. Accordingly, the PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT 2007, was established to among other reasons, midwife an effective procurement system for the country that will ensure value for money for resource allocation. Annual capital expenditure provision in national budgets for the last five years had averaged about 24.7%. Records available from the Bureau of Public Procurement (midwife of the Act) indicated that the South-South geo-political zone did enjoy (probably not commensurate with her resource contributions) part of these national budgetary allocations. Analysis of same records, unfortunately showed that the intent to achieving value creation and development in the area could not have been achieved, for many reasons including, inadequate provisions and allocations, poor conception/implementation/execution, inadequate monitoring for the referenced restive region. Given the findings above, it is therefore suggested amongst others that there should be establishment of strong and compelling institutions, amidst the pervading corruption that has become Nigeria socio-cultural value. Also, there should be domestication of public procurement law by all the 36 states and the entire 774 local governments in Nigeria. All these will contribute towards an effective creation of ‘value for money’ in resource allocation for desired regional economic development.
Indigenous Security Measures in Can-eo and Talubin, Northern Philippines
Authors: P. Lafadchan Dr. Claire Kaplaan
Published: May 2021

This paper showcases the indigenous security measures practiced in Barangay Can-eo and Barangay Talubin at Bontoc, Mountain Province. This qualitative research used interviews in gathering data that were supported with library research. This study explored on the effectiveness and contributions of the ritualistic and non-ritualistic security measures to individual safety and security of the community. It also exposes the relationship of the identified indigenous security measures to the Bontoc indigenous world view. It was found in the study that the ritualistic and non-ritualistic security measures in Barangay Can-eo and Barangay Talubin are effective and some are still being used and observed until today. The indigenous security measures are part of the relationship they have with nature, their environment and towards each other. It is a composite understanding and respect on how they deal with peace and order. It is concluded in this study that “Rituals emphasize the relationships between [Bontoc] farmers, the biophysical world, the social world and the supernatural world,” June Prill-Brett (2016, 101-111). Despite the changing dynamics of safety and security in the present time due to the sophistication of technology, education and modernity, the indigenous security measures still exist in Barangays Can-eo and Talubin because of the deep-seated respect that the people demonstrate on the rituals and non-ritualistic symbols and archetypes. The indigenous security measures reinforce community trust in relation to property and individual protection as well as community fortification.
Aprendizagem matemática na perspectiva da educação inclusiva
Authors: Nunes Camila da Silva , Geller Marlise
Published: May 2021

Este artigo busca refletir sobre como os processos de intervenções pedagógicas podem auxiliar a aprendizagem matemática na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Em 2018, na tese de doutorado, analisamos as intervenções pedagógicas realizadas no Atendimento Educacional Especializado e na sala de aula regular, abrangendo quatro alunos com Deficiência Intelectual e Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, matriculados nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no município de Gravataí/RS. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que as intervenções pedagógicas na área da Matemática se constituem como um processo de ensino e aprendizagem contínuo e complexo que envolve múltiplos fatores e agentes de intervenção.
Environmental Sustainability and Sports
Authors: Atalay Ahmet
Published: May 2021

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are grouped under three main titles; economic development, environmental sustainability, and improvement of social well-being. Environmental sustainability is one of the most important components of sustainable development goals because it is obvious that without a sustainable environment, economic and social development goals will be abandoned. While the unplanned use of the environment and natural resources threatens environmental sustainability, it can be said that one of the most important actors in this process is sports. Mass production and consumption, facility establishment, and increase in organizations in sports accelerate environmental and natural destruction. The sustainability of sports is directly proportional to environmental sustainability. Therefore, reduction of the sports-induced negative environmental impacts will make great contributions to environmental sustainability. In this way, it will be possible to transfer both the natural environment and sports to future generations. This study was limited to environmental sustainability, which is one of the three main titles set for sustainable development goals and the effects of sports on environmental sustainability were evaluated in the light of available literature. Again, regarding the existing literature, suggestions were developed to reduce the negative environmental impacts of sports.