bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Design of Firms: Part 2 - Competitive Advantage
Authors: Dong Andy , Kleinsmann Maaike , Snelders Dirk
Published: June 2021

One of the essential aspects of a company's design is its source of competitive advantage. Extrapolating from Raymond Loewy's famous design strategy acronym, MAYA—the Most Advanced Yet Acceptable Principle—and treating the firm as the object of design, this article explains the competitive advantage of firms from a design perspective. Our design-based recommendation for the competitive advantage of firms is to focus on shaping heterogeneity-based advantages of the firm in ways its paying customers would deem valuable. The novelty and conventionality dynamics of its industry will influence the degree of heterogeneity of the firm. Firms can shape their heterogeneity-based advantages through policies relating to organizational structure, routines, and product portfolio to name a few. Going beyond the role of a design in creating rents above and beyond what other firms can imagine, our claim focuses on the ways in which heterogeneity is a fundamental driver of its competitive advantage. If correct, the design-based view suggests that the ideal level of heterogeneity of the firm relative to current competitive conditions and evolution paths adopted by the firm and its competitors is more fundamental to firm profitability than its resources.
Policy Instrumentation: The Object of Service Design in Policy
Making
Authors: Trippe Helena Polati
Published: June 2021

Service design, as a practice and an area of research, has been at the forefront of the debates surrounding innovation, technology, and organizational change. More recently, service design is deployed as a means to drive public sector efficiency and address the growing complexity of public service delivery. This article examines the application of service design to policy making in order to situate service design at the intersection of research on public services, design, and policy design. Furthermore, it will explore how conceiving of policy instruments as design artifacts might provide a way to think about the object of policy design and government action.
Healthcare workers as a sentinel surveillance population in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Venkatachalam Indumathi , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Aung May Kyawt , How Molly Kue Bien , Wee Liang En , Sim Jean Xiang Ying , Tan Ban Hock , Ling Moi Lin
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a critical resource in the effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic. They are also a sentinel surveillance population whose clinical status reflects the effectiveness of the hospital’s infection prevention measures in the pandemic.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Singapore General Hospital (SGH), a 1,822-bed tertiary hospital. Participants were all HCWs working in SGH during the study period. HCW protection measures included clinical workflows and personal protective equipment developed and adapted to minimise the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. HCW monitoring comprised staff contact logs in high-risk locations, twice-daily temperature monitoring, assessment of HCWs with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) in the staff clinic and, in the event of an exposure, extensive contact tracing, detailed risk assessment and risk-based interventions. HCW surveillance utilised monitoring data and ARI presentations and outcomes.

Results:

In the ten-week period between 6 January 2020 and 16 March 2020, 333 (17.1%) of 1,946 HCWs at risk of occupational COVID-19 presented with ARI. 32 (9.6%) screened negative for SARS-CoV-2 from throat swabs. Five other HCWs developed COVID-19 attributed to non-clinical exposures. From the nine COVID-19 exposure episodes investigated, 189 HCW contacts were identified, of whom 68 (36.2%) were placed on quarantine and remained well.

Conclusion:

Early in an emerging infectious disease outbreak, close monitoring of frontline HCWs is essential in ascertaining the effectiveness of infection prevention measures. HCWs are at risk of community disease acquisition and should be monitored and managed to prevent onward transmission.
Socrates (AP 14.1[-64])
Authors: Grillo Francesco
Published: June 2021

This article aims to investigate the identity of Socrates, the compiler of AP 14.1-64 (arithmetic problems and riddles). Leaving aside the traditional, but very uncertain, identification with Socrates the epigrammatist (D.L. 2.47), it is shown that the chronological conjecture by Carcopino 1926 (late 1st century BC-2nd century AD) no longer holds. A wider time frame is established (1st-4th centuries AD), although evidence from the (fairly) securely attributable poem (AP 14.1) seems to point to the mid-2nd century AD as the most plausible period of the poet’s activity. It is suggested that Socrates was a Pythagorising Middle Platonist associated with the philosopher Calvenus Taurus, even if his relationship with the Neo-Pythagorean and Middle Platonic traditions remains difficult to define precisely. The article also considers some of the relationships that have been shown to exist between diverging directions in Pythagoreanism (Delatte 1922), offering corrections for future attempts at Quellenforschung.
Knowing of Not-Knowing: the Outlines of a Critical Skepticism
Authors: Binkelmann Christoph
Published: June 2021

Sextus Empiricus’ definition of skepticism as a search for truth still poses great problems for research today. Perhaps the most urgent of these is: How can we reasonably assert the possibility of knowledge and at the same time deny its reality? The paper tries to solve this question by drawing attention to a hitherto neglected variant of skepticism: the so-called critical skepticism. In confrontation with Hume and Kant, Salomon Maimon develops a skeptical position which, with the help of transcendental argumentation, produces a knowing of not-knowing. Maimon defends with Kant (and against Hume) transcendental knowledge which at the same time offers a reason to reject with Hume and against Kant empirical knowledge. By doing so, he distinguishes a knowledge of possibility from a (non-)knowledge of reality, whereby the search for truth—expressed in the assumption that knowledge is possible—is and remains the only truth.
Influence on Electrochemical Properties of Different Types of Manganese Oxides
Authors: Li Xian-Feng , Diao Gui-Qiang , Xie Fang , Liao Wen-Hua , Agostini Luigi , Xiao Ding-Shu , Liu Guo-Cong , Wu Wei-Xin , Zhan Hong-Bing , Huang Shuang-Wu
Published: June 2021

Manganese oxides have been widely studied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because they have many advantages such as high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, low price and low environmental tox-icity. In this paper, various manganese oxide materials, i.e., MnO2,
Mn3O4, MnO, (FeO)0.331(MnO)0.669 were prepared by facile methods. The above compounds were then characterized through X-ray diffraction spec-troscopy (XRD). The oxidation states of Mn in these compounds were found to be: +4, +3/+2, +2 and +2 each
of them corresponding to a different crystal system, respectively: hexagonal, tetragonal cubic, cubic. The electrochemical properties of these four different manganese oxides, used as anode materials, were investigated to find the possible relationship between their valence states, crystal
systems and their electrochemical properties. The results show that their electrochemical properties are influenced by their crystal system and cell parameters, while incorporating FeO into MnO has an activation effect on the reversible lithium ion in the batteries.
Adsorption and Migration Characteristics of Fluorine in Ash-Sluicing Water in Soils
Authors: Yan Jun , Wei Yingqi , Wen Yanfeng , Cai Hong , Xiao Jianzhang , Wu Shuaifeng , Jin Songli
Published: June 2021

The excessive fluorine content in ash-sluicing water has become one of the main environmental pollution problems in the thermal power generation industry. This study selected 5 representative soil types and used fluoride ions (F-) as the pollution control factor. The experimental
results showed that the isotherms of the F- solutions prepared by deionized water (adsorbed by Jianbi clay and Fengrun sandy soil) and ash-sluicing water all conformed to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. In terms of the F- solution prepared with ash-sluicing
water, the adsorption isotherm of Tianshengqiao red clay conformed to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation; the adsorption isotherms of Beijing silty soil and Fen River loess conformed to the Henry isothermal adsorption equation. In terms of the maximum adsorption capacity, Tianshengqiao
red clay > Jianbi clay > Beijing silty soil ? Fen River loess > Fengrun sandy soil. Through the experiments, we also found that the adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH, and the pH buffering effects of the 5 soils, from high to low, were Tianshengqiao red clay > Jianbi
clay > Beijing silty soil > Fen River loess > Fengrun sandy soil.
Preparation of Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid-Based Implant Biomaterials and Its Adoption in Restoration of Periodontal Missing Teeth
Authors: Tao Yi , Dong Hui , Ma Ying , Han Long
Published: June 2021

As a commonly used macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin (AZM) has achieved favorable results in the treatment of periodontitis. However, due to the complex environment of the oral cavity, the time of action of topical medication is limited. In this study, AZM-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
(PLGA) microspheres were prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method, whose morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The AZM-PLGA microspheres of different specifications were obtained by using a paddle agitator and a homogenizing agitator, respectively. For the above
two different specifications of AZM-PLGA microspheres, the mass ratios of AZM and PLGA were adjusted to 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, and 30:100, respectively. After the mechanical analysis of the microspheres, the slurry-type AZM-PLGA microspheres were taken as the positive control, and the critical
defect model of alveolar bone was implanted in New Zealand white rabbits. Then, CT imaging of alveolar bone tissue was obtained at different time points after surgery. Plasma microspheres (20:100) were selected as the implant materials for the restoration of missing teeth in patients with
periodontitis. After the test, the results showed that the AZM-PLGA microspheres obtained by the paddle agitator had relatively smaller particle size and smoother surface. The initial release rate of slurry microspheres of different quality was relatively fast, the follow-up rate was relatively
stable, and the dosage ratio should not be more than 20%. Slurry microspheres had stronger mechanical properties compared with homogenized microspheres. The osteogenesis observation residues of slurry microspheres with different mass ratios were 15%, 23%, 37%, and 26% at 2–16 weeks,
respectively, showing a relatively stable degradation mode. After the five patients with periodontitis participated in the restoration with the use of plasma microspheres (20:100) implants, the periodontal condition was greatly improved. During the observation period, all implants were not
loosened and there was no discomfort during percussion.
Biomaterials for Repairing Gaps After Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Huang Dong-Xu , Li Jiang-Nan , Zhang Ge-Yi , Wang Wen-Gang , Xia Lei , Gong Xu , Zhou Nan
Published: June 2021

Peripheral nerves have complex and precise structures that differ from other types of tissues and intrinsic regeneration abilities after injury. Spontaneous recovery is possible for neuropraxia and axonotmesis, while surgical treatment is required for neurotmesis. It remains a challenge to repair nerve gaps, a series of severe neurotmesis. It seems that 3 cm is the upper limit distance for primate peripheral nerves to regenerate spontaneously. Nerve autografts are the gold standard treatment for bridging nerve gaps. In the present review, current biomaterials for repairing gaps after peripheral nerve injury are briefly summarized. Moreover, the microstructure of the peripheral nerve, classifications of peripheral nerve injury, and the Wallerian degeneration are reviewed in the biological view and clinical practice. The failure of nerve regeneration in nerve conduits bridging longer than 3 cm gaps may be contributing to the insufficient vascularization of nerve conduit materials. Future researchers could focus on advanced biomaterials that promoting the angiogenesis of nerve conduits.
Olmi and Pasolini: Industrialisation, the underdog and ‘ecological eschatology’ in Manon finestra 2 (1956) and Grigio (1957)
Authors: Angeli Silvia
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the collaboration between Ermanno Olmi and Pier Paolo Pasolini. Two key figures of the Italian cinematic tradition, Olmi and Pasolini have joined efforts on two occasions, as the Bergamasque director asked Pasolini to provide a commentary for his short films Manon finestra 2 (1956) and Grigio (1957). Two very different products, the two shorts offer a very compelling take on the process of industrialisation taking place in Italy in the 1950s. While Manon presents a slightly more positive view of the transition that Italy has undergone, Grigio is unequivocal in its condemnation, putting forward an alarming thesis: in order for this new society to exist, differences must be erased, communities are to disappear and the least advantaged will be left behind. However, this proposition also has a more optimistic counterpart; namely, the idea that these very communities remain the roots and the true point of reference of our civilisation.
Vehicle heading estimation of INS/magnetometer integrated system based on constant hard iron interference calibration
Authors: Cui Xufei , Li Yibing , Wang Qiuying , Karaim Malek , Noureldin Aboelmagd
Published: June 2021

The integrated INS/magnetometer measurement is widely used in low-cost navigation systems. The integration has proven more effective in suppressing the divergence of heading than relying solely on a magnetometer because this is susceptible to local magnetic field interference, reducing heading accuracy. Magnetometers sense the local magnetic field that may be interfered by the nearby ferromagnetic material or strong electric currents. Hence, the magnetometer must be calibrated in the vehicle before use. When a magnetometer is installed near power components (engines, etc.), soft iron interference can be ignored. In the vehicle’s external environment, the time-varying hard iron interference can reach 100 times the strength of the geomagnetic field, meaning that a magnetometer cannot function efficiently because its accuracy is so reduced. Hence, the constant hard magnetic interference inside the vehicle is mainly concerned in this paper. An INS/Magnetometer heading estimation algorithm based on a two-stage Kalman filter is proposed to solve the problem by combining inertial sensor and magnetometer with attitude information. In the first stage filter, the constant hard iron interference is estimated by setting upward standing the three IMU axes. In the second stage filter, the INS/Magnetometer heading estimation is implemented. Finally, the results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of vehicle heading calculations.
Self-Interest Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between the United States and China
Authors: Dong Mengchen , Spadaro Giuliana , Yuan Shuai , Song Yue , Ye Zi , Ren Xin
Published: June 2021

In the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries attempt to enforce new social norms to prevent the further spread of the coronavirus. A key to the success of these measures is the individual adherence to norms that are collectively beneficial to contain the spread of the pandemic. However, individuals’ self-interest bias (i.e., the prevalent tendency to license own but not others’ self-serving acts or norm violations) can pose a challenge to the success of such measures. The current research examines COVID-19-related self-interest bias from a cross-cultural perspective. Two studies ( N = 1,558) sampled from the United States and China consistently revealed that participants from the United States evaluated their own self-serving acts (exploiting test kits in Study 1; social gathering and sneezing without covering the mouth in public in Study 2) as more acceptable than identical deeds of others, while such self-interest bias did not emerge among Chinese participants. Cultural underpinnings of independent versus interdependent self-construal may influence the extent to which individuals apply self-interest bias to justifications of their own self-serving behaviors during the pandemic.
Community-Engaged Needs Assessment of Deaf American Sign Language Users in Florida, 2018
Authors: James Tyler G. , McKee Michael M. , Sullivan Meagan K. , Ashton Glenna , Hardy Stephen J. , Santiago Yary , Phillips David G. , Cheong JeeWon
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users comprise a linguistic and cultural minority group that is understudied and underserved in health education and health care research. We examined differences in health risk behaviors, concerns, and access to health care among Deaf ASL users and hearing English speakers living in Florida.

Methods

We applied community-engaged research methods to develop and administer the first linguistically accessible and contextually tailored community health needs assessment to Deaf ASL users living in Florida. Deaf ASL users (n = 92) were recruited during a 3-month period in summer 2018 and compared with a subset of data on hearing English speakers from the 2018 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 12 589). We explored prevalence and adjusted odds of health behavior, including substance use and health care use.

Results

Mental health was the top health concern among Deaf participants; 15.5% of participants screened as likely having a depressive disorder. Deaf people were 1.8 times more likely than hearing people to engage in binge drinking during the past month. In addition, 37.2% of participants reported being denied an interpreter in a medical facility in the past 12 months.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need to work with Deaf ASL users to develop context-specific health education and health promotion activities tailored to their linguistic and cultural needs and ensure that they receive accessible health care and health education.
Intramuscular tumoral calcinosis near the arteriovenous fistula mimicking acute infection
Authors: Jin Qianjun , Zhou Haiying , Lu Hui
Published: June 2021

Tumoral calcinosis is a kind of tumorous calcified masses, which may progress in patients with chronic renal failure. Uremic tumoral calcinosis in the brachioradialis muscle presented like acute infection of the arteriovenous fistula has not been previously reported. A 49-year-old man came to our hospital with a 9-year history of hemodialysis and secondary hyperparathyroidism. He had a huge painful mass in the left forearm at admission. The treatment was debridement and cytoreductive surgery accompanied by parathyroidectomy and medical management of calcium phosphate imbalance. After the comprehensive treatment, the patient recovered from his previously affected forearm. This is an enlightening case of intramuscular tumoral calcinosis mass that presented mimicking the infection of the arteriovenous fistula. Nephrologists and surgeons should pay attention to early diagnosis and proper management of the primary disease to master the indication and opportunity of resection.
Geospatial analysis of wetlands based on land use/land cover dynamics using remote sensing and GIS in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Islam Hamza , Abbasi Habibuulah , Karam Ahmed , Chughtai Ali Hassan , Ahmed Jiskani Mansoor
Published: June 2021

In this study, the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change has been observed in wetlands comprises of Manchar Lake, Keenjhar Lake, and Chotiari Reservoir in Pakistan over the last four decades from 1972 to 2020. Each wetland has been categorized into four LULC classes; water, natural vegetation, agriculture land, and dry land. Multitemporal Landsat satellite data including; Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used for LULC changes evaluation. The Supervised Maximum-likelihood classifier method is used to acquire satellite imagery for detecting the LULC changes during the whole study period. Soil adjusted vegetation index technique (SAVI) was also used to reduce the effects of soil brightness values for estimating the actual vegetation cover of each study site. Results have shown the significant impact of human activities on freshwater resources by changing the natural ecosystem of wetlands. Change detection analysis showed that the impacts on the land cover affect the landscape of the study area by about 40% from 1972 to 2020. The vegetation cover of Manchar Lake and Keenjhar Lake has been decreased by 6,337.17 and 558.18 ha, respectively. SAVI analysis showed that soil profile is continuously degrading which vigorously affects vegetation cover within the study area. The overall classification accuracy and Kappa statistics showed an accuracy of >90% for all LULC mapping studies. This work demonstrates the LULC changes as a critical monitoring basis for ongoing analyses of changes in land management to enable decision-makers to establish strategies for effectively using land resources.
The Effectiveness of Monetary and Promotion Rewards in the Public Sector and the Moderating Effect of PSM (PSM-Reward Fit or PSM Crowding Out): A Survey Experiment
Authors: Ki Namhoon
Published: June 2021

To what extent does public service motivation (PSM) affect how monetary rewards and promotion opportunities motivate government officials? This study offers an answer to this question through a survey experiment conducted with a sample of city government officials in Florida. The experimental results demonstrate that both monetary and promotion reward treatments positively motivate officials with low PSM. However, as the level of PSM increases, the positive treatment effect of the monetary reward decreases and converges on 0. Conversely, the positive effect of the promotion opportunity treatment not only decreases but becomes negative, indicating that PSM crowding out is taking place.
Microfracture Augmentation With Trypsin Pretreatment and Growth Factor–Functionalized Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold in an Equine Model
Authors: Zanotto Gustavo M. , Liesbeny Paul , Barrett Myra , Zlotnick Hannah , Frank Eliot , Grodzinsky Alan J. , Frisbie David D.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Microfracture augmentation can be a cost-effective single-step alternative to current cartilage repair techniques. Trypsin pretreatment combined with a growth factor–functionalized self-assembling KLD hydrogel (“functionalized hydrogel”) has been shown to improve overall cartilage repair and integration to surrounding tissue in small animal models of osteochondral defects.

Hypothesis:

Microfracture combined with trypsin treatment and a functionalized hydrogel will improve reparative tissue quality and integration as compared with microfracture alone in an equine model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Bilateral cartilage defects (15-mm diameter) were created on the medial trochlear ridge of the femoropatellar joints in 8 adult horses (16 defects total). One defect was randomly selected to receive the treatment, and the contralateral defect served as the control (microfracture only). Treatment consisted of 2-minute trypsin pretreatment of the surrounding cartilage, subchondral bone microfracture, and functionalized hydrogel premixed with growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor and heparin-binding insulin-like growth factor 1). After surgery, all horses were subjected to standardized controlled exercise on a high-speed treadmill. Clinical evaluation was conducted monthly, and radiographic examinations were performed at 2, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 weeks after defect creation. After 12 months, all animals were euthanized. Magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, gross pathologic evaluation of the joint, histology, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical analyses were performed. Generalized linear mixed models (with horse as random effect) were utilized to assess outcome parameters. When P values were <.05, pairwise comparisons were made using least squares means.

Results:

Improved functional outcome parameters were observed for the treatment group, even though mildly increased joint effusion and subchondral bone sclerosis were noted on imaging. Microscopically, treatment resulted in improvement of several histologic parameters and overall quality of repaired tissue. Proteoglycan content based on safranin O–fast green staining was also significantly higher in the treated defects.

Conclusion:

Trypsin treatment combined with functionalized hydrogel resulted in improved microfracture augmentation.

Clinical Relevance:

Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those presented in this study, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes, especially in more active patients.
Image-Guided Intra-articular Hip Injections and Risk of Infection After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Varady Nathan H. , Amen Troy B. , Abraham Paul F. , Chopra Ahab , Freccero David M. , Smith Eric L. , Martin Scott D.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Although intra-articular injections are important in the management of patients who may later undergo hip arthroscopy, conflicting data are available regarding the safety of such injections when administered within 3 months of surgery. Furthermore, despite the increasing use of image-guided intra-articular hip injections, it is unknown whether the type of imaging modality used is associated with infection after hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To assess the risk of infection associated with image-guided intra-articular injections before hip arthroscopy and, secondarily, compare that risk between ultrasound (US) and fluoroscopic (FL) guidance.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients in a large national insurance database who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2007 and 2017. Patients were required to have continuous enrollment from at least 1 year before to 6 months after hip arthroscopy. Patient age, sex, geographic region, medical history, surgical details, and hip injections were collected. Patients who underwent injection ≤3 months preoperatively and >3 to ≤12 months preoperatively were compared with patients who did not undergo preoperative injection. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the association between ipsilateral preoperative hip injection and surgical site infection within 6 months of surgery.

Results:

We identified 17,987 patients (36.3% female; mean ± SD age, 37.6 ± 14.0 years) undergoing hip arthroscopy, 2276 (12.7%) of whom had an image-guided hip injection in the year preceding surgery (53.0% FL). Patients who underwent intra-articular injection ≤3 months preoperatively had similar infection rates to patients who did not undergo preoperative injection in the year before surgery for both the FL (0.46% vs 0.46%; P≥ .995) and the US cohorts (0.50% vs 0.46%; P = .76). Results persisted in adjusted analysis (FL ≤3 months: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.32-3.37; P = .94; US ≤3 months: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.36-3.90; P = .78). Similar results were seen for patients undergoing injections >3 to ≤12 months preoperatively.

Conclusion:

Postoperative infection was rare in patients undergoing intra-articular hip injection ≤3 months before hip arthroscopy and was no more common than in patients not undergoing preoperative injection. Moreover, no differences were seen in infection risk between US and FL guidance. Although intra-articular hip injections should always be administered with careful consideration, these results do not suggest that these injections are uniformly contraindicated in the 3 months preceding hip arthroscopy.
‘Science’ has always been evaluated. . . and will always be
Authors: Gingras Yves
Published: June 2021

Science has always been evaluated and will always be. The reasons justifying evaluations and the methods used to carry them have varied over time in relation to the many transformations of the sciences over the last fifty years. The uses of bibliometric methods are not limited to ‘evaluations’ of scientists and their institutions as they also provide a unique way to map global trends. One cannot stop evaluating science, but one can use the right tools at the right scale (individuals, institutions, countries) to better understand the dynamic of scientific change.
Traduction française, adaptation culturelle et évaluation des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires de l’échelle des stratégies de protection comportementale liées à la consommation de cannabis
Authors: Côté José , Auger Patricia , Pagé Gabrielle M. , Cossette Sylvie , Coronado-Montoya Stephanie , Fontaine Guillaume , Chicoine Gabrielle , Rouleau Geneviève , Genest Christine , Lapierre Judith , Jutras-Aswad Didier
Published: June 2021

Objectif:

Les jeunes de 18 à 24 ans constituent la plus grande proportion de consommateurs de cannabis. Dans un contexte de légalisation de cette substance, il importe de promouvoir une consommation à moindre risque. L’échelle Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale (PBSM-17) permet d’identifier les stratégies de protection comportementale utilisées chez les consommateurs. Toutefois, cette échelle n’est pas disponible en français et n’est pas adaptée au contexte canadien. Cet article présente la démarche ayant mené à la traduction, l’adaptation culturelle et l’évaluation des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires du PBSM-17.

Méthode:

L’étude méthodologique s’est déroulée en six étapes. Les quatre premières étapes ont mené à la traduction et l’adaptation de l’échelle. La validation auprès de 12 jeunes a permis d’établir l’équivalence conceptuelle. L’évaluation des propriétés psychométriques a été réalisée auprès de 211 étudiants universitaires bilingues (61 % femme; âge moyen 22 ans).

Résultats:

La version traduite et adaptée présente des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires satisfaisantes : la cohérence interne est acceptable (α = 0,88); l’équivalence de critères (validité de construit) est établie entre la version française et la version anglaise ( t (210) = 1,04, p = 0,30 ; IC 95 % [-0,20, 0,63]). Les scores obtenus aux deux versions par le même participant s’avèrent fortement corrélées (r = 0,95, p < 0,001).

Conclusion:

Les résultats soutiennent l’utilisation de la version française du PBSM-17. Les stratégies de protection proposées peuvent être utilisées comme outil de mesure et représentent des comportements à adopter dans un contexte d’usage du cannabis à moindre risque.
Potential Side Effects and Adverse Events of Antipsychotic Use for Residents With Dementia in Assisted Living: Implications for Prescribers, Staff, and Families
Authors: Beeber Anna Song , Zimmerman Sheryl , Wretman Christopher J. , Palmertree Stephanie , Patel Kush , Sloane Philip D.
Published: June 2021

Antipsychotic medications are frequently prescribed to assisted living (AL) residents who have dementia, although there is a lack of information about the potential side effects and adverse events of these medications among this population. Oversight and monitoring by family members is an important component of AL care, and it is important to understand family awareness of antipsychotic use and reports of potential side effects and adverse events. This cross-sectional, descriptive study of family members of 283 residents with dementia receiving antipsychotic medications in 91 AL communities found high rates (93%) of symptoms that could be potential side effects and a 6% rate of potential adverse events. The majority of families were aware their relative was taking an antipsychotic. Findings suggest that obtaining family perspectives of potential side effects and adverse events related to medication use may contribute to overall improvement in the safety of AL residents living with dementia.
No More One-size-fits-all Approach to Organizational Commitment: Evidence from a Quantile Regression
Authors: Lee Hayoung , Lee Soo-Young
Published: June 2021

We distinguish three organizational commitment (OC) processes (compliance, identification, and internalization) based on functional theory and examine whether the importance of these mechanisms varies with public servants’ OC levels. Our quantile regression results provide evidence for both the phased characteristics and common basis of OC. pay and promotion appropriateness have stronger positive associations with OC among low-committed employees, and public service motivation has a stronger positive association with OC among high-committed employees; compliance and intrinsic internalization processes are especially active at low and high commitment levels, respectively. On the other hand, group culture and transformational leadership as a common basis of OC has similar effects on the improvement of OC for all public servants, regardless of OC levels; identification and extrinsic internalization processes are important to a similar extent at all OC levels.
A Sociological Analysis of “OK Boomer”
Authors: Mueller Jason C. , McCollum John
Published: June 2021

The year 2019 was the year of “OK Boomer” (OKb). From The New York Times to the New Zealand legislature, OKb emerged as a pop cultural phenomenon. For some, this phrase represents a battle of the generations wherein Baby Boomers are fed up with the utopian demands of younger generations, while younger generations see Baby Boomers as stubbornly conservative and out of touch. Alternatively, some dismiss the generational warfare trope and demand we see society for what it “really is”—one defined by class warfare. By deploying theories of politics, ideology, and cultural change from Mark Fisher, Fredric Jameson, Slavoj Žižek, and Franco Berardi, we offer a theoretical framework through which the emergence and proliferation of OKb can be understood. We find OKb to be embedded within the logic of capitalist realism, where younger generations’ cynical usage of this meme represents a muddled attempt to cognitively map within 21st century postmodernity.
Politicians’ involvement in street-level policy implementation: Implications for social equity
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan , Cohen Nissim
Published: June 2021

The study explores whether elected officials’ involvement in the way street-level bureaucrats implement policy affects social equity. This question is addressed empirically through interviews and focus groups with 84 Israeli educators and social workers. Findings indicate that elected officials involve themselves directly and indirectly in street-level bureaucrats’ policy implementation and their involvement reduces social equity in the provision of services. The study contributes to the literature on policy implementation by enabling a deeper understanding of the factors that shape the decision-making process of street-level bureaucrats when providing services and their ultimate impact on policy outcomes.
Corpus-based analysis of genetically modified seed discourse
Authors: Frayne Craig
Published: June 2021

While ecolinguistics studies interactions between language and the natural world, the theme of genetic modification highlights challenges in developing frameworks for the analysis of ecological discourses. Given the ability of humans to alter life at the molecular level, one could argue that frameworks of anti-essentialism and discursive constructivism have expanded from the cultural and social realms (the traditional focus of discourse analysis) to encompass the natural world. This paper uses multilevel analysis to draw out various dimensions of debates related to genetically modified (GM) seed. Analysis is applied to a web-based corpus using both computational, quantitative methods as well as qualitative critical and interpretive approaches. Keyword analysis, concordance lines, and collocation are used to explore whether sides of the debate are reflected in the semantic structure of the text. Implicature and conceptual blending point to differences at the cognitive level. The analyses give data-based evidence for differing epistemologies, worldviews, and situated contexts that may underlie misunderstandings. Results suggest the multilevel methodology can be an effective way to integrate ecological context into discourse analyses. Findings also lead to a discussion of conceptual frameworks for ecolinguistic discourse analysis.
Unified exact design with early stopping rules for single arm clinical trials with multiple endpoints
Authors: Wei Wei , Esserman Denise , Kane Michael , Zelterman Daniel
Published: June 2021

Adaptive designs are gaining popularity in early phase clinical trials because they enable investigators to change the course of a study in response to accumulating data. We propose a novel design to simultaneously monitor several endpoints. These include efficacy, futility, toxicity and other outcomes in early phase, single-arm studies. We construct a recursive relationship to compute the exact probabilities of stopping for any combination of endpoints without the need for simulation, given pre-specified decision rules. The proposed design is flexible in the number and timing of interim analyses. A R Shiny app with user-friendly web interface has been created to facilitate the implementation of the proposed design.
Interdisciplinary Approach for the Treatment of Complex Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate With Missing Premaxilla
Authors: Park Yong Jong , Derderian Christopher , Oppedisano Michael
Published: June 2021

Complex craniofacial deformities such as complete bilateral cleft lip and palate require interdisciplinary approach for proper diagnosis and treatment. A severe skeletal discrepancy caused by bilateral cleft lip and palate and missing premaxilla was successfully managed with orthodontic preparation and distraction osteogenesis. Conventional prosthodontic treatment combined with orthodontic preparation was proven to be a viable option to manage multiple missing teeth in cleft lip and palate.
Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oral Health in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Saikia Ankita , Muthu M.S. , Orenuga Omolola O. , Mossey Peter , Ousehal Lahcen , Yan Si , Campodonico Marina , England Rachael , Taylor Sean , Sheeran Pamela
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) exist to present recommendations and policies aimed at optimizing the oral health of children and adolescents born with cleft lip and/or palate. The aim of this review is to identify and assess the scope, quality, adequacy, and consistency of CPGs related to oral health in children and adolescents with clefts, along with reporting any differences and shortcomings.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature of CPGs following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines was conducted. Assessment of selected CPGs was performed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II methodological quality instrument.

Results:

Only 7 CPGs fulfilled the criteria. Of these, 4 were from the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, and 1 each from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. The lowest overall mean scores were in the domain “Rigor of Development” (mean 29.58%, SD 17.11), revealing lower quality in methodology of the guideline. The domain “Clarity of Presentation” (mean 73.80%, SD 7.87) revealed the best score.

Conclusions:

Our review results reveal a lack of integrated high-quality CPGs that can be used as universal guidelines by health workers in a range of disciplines for improving oral health in children and adolescents with cleft problems.
“Bridging the Gap”: School Nurse Experiences Providing Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Students and Their Parents/Guardians
Authors: Neiman Tammy , Sieve Laurie , Stenberg Louise , Molesky Nicole , Nic Rider G.
Published: June 2021

School systems are often not set up to support transgender and gender diverse (TGD) students, which results in unsafe and unsupportive environments and other institutional barriers to helping TGD students thrive. An important factor to students' feeling safe and supported in schools may be their relationship with school nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe school nurses' experiences working with TGD students and their parents/guardians, their role in working with this community, and the challenges nurses face when trying to serve TGD students. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 school nurses across a Midwestern state. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes: gender-affirming education and interpersonal collaboration, bridging the gap between TGD youth and parents/guardians, gender-affirming care and confidentiality, and navigating parental acceptance and gender-affirmation. School nurses expressed a strong desire to support TGD students but lack the structure and training within schools.
Home Health Nurses’ Journey Toward Culture-Sensitive/Patient-Centered Skills: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Narayan Mary Curry , Mallinson Robert Kevin
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Home health patients, who are members of minority and vulnerable groups, suffer disparate outcomes. Patient-centered care (PCC) and culturally-competent care (CCC) aim to facilitate high-quality, equitable care. How home health nurses incorporate PCC and CCC principles into their assessment and care-planning practices has not been -investigated. This study answers the question, “ What is the process by which home health nurses develop their culture-sensitive/patient-centered assessment and care planning skills?” Methods. Home health nurses (n= 20) were recruited into this grounded theory study from agencies around the United States via flyers, websites, and contacts. We conducted in-depth recorded interviews using a semi-structured interview guide to ask questions about nurses’ assessment and care-planning practices, their understanding of CCC and PCC principles, and facilitators/barriers to CCC and PCC practice. Results. Participants primarily gained their CCC and PCC assessment and care-planning skills through a “seat of your pants,” trial-and-error process, with little educational or agency assistance. They combined caring, diverse patient experiences, and critical, creative self-reflection on their experiences to gradually learn helpful, though not optimal, CCC and PCC strategies. However, they reported numerous barriers that discouraged or distressed them in their quest to deliver culturally-competent and patient-centered care. Only a few nurses demonstrated the resilience to overcome these challenges creatively and happily. Conclusion. If we accept that patient-centered care and culturally competent care are key elements of high-quality, equitable care, this grounded theory may help home healthcare clinicians, administrators, educators, and policy-makers identify impact points for enhancing CS/PC practices.
The development of the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire: Reliability and validity measures based on telehealth Group-based Pain Management Programs
Authors: Romm Marnin J , Cahalin Lawrence P
Published: June 2021

Introduction

In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed the National Health Interview Survey data and found that the occurrence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in the USA was 20.4% and 8%, respectively. Group-based Pain Management Programs have been viewed as significant treatments aiding patients with self-management of chronic pain. The onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the beginning of 2020, widely eliminated the in-person Group-based Pain Management Programs. The exploration of therapeutic contextual factors such as the therapeutic alliance and group dynamics in telehealth Group-based Pain Management Programs appears warranted for which reason the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire was developed.

Methods

The therapeutic alliance and group dynamics items in the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire were developed from an extensive literature review and underwent examination of content validity, internal consistency, reliability, and validity through telehealth Group-based Pain Management Programs.

Results

Content validity of the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire was established in five separate stages and the psychometrics of the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire was found to be very good with high internal consistency and reliability ( r = 0.85–0.97) and the ability of the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire to differentiate between high and low scorers on the SF-36 emotional well-being measure.

Discussion

The examination of therapeutic contextual factors via telehealth Group-based Pain Management Programs using the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire appears possible in view of the very good psychometric properties described above. Investigation of therapeutic contextual factors through the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire may provide greater insight into the role that these factors may have in telehealth programs and their impact on pain outcomes. Future investigation of the Therapeutic Group Context Questionnaire in non-telehealth Group-based Pain Management Programs, as well as, other disorders being addressed via telehealth appears warranted.
From indigène to entrepreneur immigrant: Racism in the era of neoliberalism
Authors: Ocak Özden
Published: June 2021

In the past two decades, there has been a shift to the so-called civic integration model across European countries along with the development of a European migration regime. This article explores the ramifications of the civic integration model as it is introduced in France, situating it within the long history of colonial racial mechanisms deployed to manage the colonized populations. I argue that characterized by an entanglement of bio-sovereign exception and neoliberal rationale, the civic integration model and the mandatory integration contract it introduces enact a novel racism that marks the immigrants as non-European and thus yet-to-be integrated subjects, all the while engaging them as prudent individuals of entrepreneurial quality who must ‘own’ and ‘improve’ their nature in return for legal residency. In order to make sense of why and how the immigrants themselves are engaged in the processes of racialization through a contractual relationship, I explore the ways the French state has contested the nature and population-ness of non-European subjects across history. Employing a genealogical perspective, I thus trace the birth of the entrepreneur immigrant of the current neoliberal context in the colonial mechanisms of racism that gave birth to the figures of indigène during colonial rule and Muslim French under colonial developmentalism of the postwar era.
Neo-colonial penality? Travelling penal power and contingent sovereignty
Authors: Stambøl Eva Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The article explores the relevance of neo-colonial theory for criminology, and its contribution to understanding why and how penal policy and models travel from the global North to the global South. An empirical example is employed to review arguments for and against ‘penal neo-colonialism’ and to tease out the theory’s strengths and limitations; namely the European Union’s ‘penal aid’ to shape West African countries’ penal policies and practices to stop illicit flows and irregular mobility to Europe. The article further discusses neo-colonial theory’s concepts of agency, power and sovereignty by comparing them to similar poststructuralist perspectives on the ‘contingent sovereignty’ of ‘governance states’. Moreover, by drawing on a theoretical discussion on statehood in African studies, it looks at how the sovereignty of African states has been conceptualized as hollowed out ‘from above’ as well as ‘from below’. In doing so, the article contributes to a recent criminological debate that has problematized the relationship between (travelling) penal power and state sovereignty.