bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of reduced ADAMTS13 in arterial ischemic stroke: A Pediatric Cohort Study
Authors: Lambers Moritz , Goldenberg Neil A. , Kenet Gili , Kirkham Fenella J. , Manner Daniela , Bernard Timothy , Mesters Rolf M. , Junker Ralf , Stoll Monika , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike
Published: August 2012

Objective:

Previous studies in adults and mice have implicated ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), also known as von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐cleaving protease, as a protective factor for stroke. Here we investigated ADAMTS13 in 208 pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and 125 population‐based control children in a frequency‐matched case–control study.

Methods:

The proportion of patients/controls with ADAMTS13 activity levels below and above the 10th percentile was compared. Additionally, in a quintile comparison, the proportion of patients versus controls in the lowest ADAMTS13 quintile was compared to those in the 2nd to 5th quintiles. Adjustment was performed for VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), factor VIII activity (FVIII:C), blood group, and age.

Results:

Forty‐six of 208 patients (22%) showed ADAMTS13 levels below the 10th percentile, compared with 5 of 125 controls (4%; p < 0.001). Odds ratios/95% confidence intervals were 7.30/2.73–19.50 for the lowest percentile and 2.44/1.15–5.16 in the quintile comparison after adjustment for VWF:Ag, FVIII:C, blood group, and age. Comparing the proportion of patients with ADAMTS13 activity below the 10th percentile within the different stroke subtypes (undetermined, cardioembolic, steno‐occlusive arteriopathies), no statistically significant differences were found (undetermined, 16 of 89; cardioembolic, 6 of 40; steno‐occlusive arteriopathies, 24 of 79; p = 0.08). ADAMTS13 levels did not significantly differ among stroke subtypes (p = 0.29).

Interpretation:

Our findings implicate reduced ADAMTS13 activity as a risk factor for pediatric AIS, and support the concept that ADAMTS13 has a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric AIS. ANN NEUROL 2013.
Phenotypic Spectrum of COL4A1 Mutations: Porencephaly to Schizencephaly
Authors: Yoneda Yuriko , Haginoya Kazuhiro , Kato Mitsuhiro , Osaka Hitoshi , Yokochi Kenji , Arai Hiroshi , Kakita Akiyoshi , Yamamoto Takamichi , Otsuki Yoshiro , Shimizu Shin‐ichi , Wada Takahito , Koyama Norihisa , Mino Yoichi , Kondo Noriko , Takahashi Satoru , Hirabayashi Shinichi , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Okumura Akihisa , Kumagai Toshiyuki , Hirai Satori , Nabetani Makoto , Saitoh Shinji , Hattori Ayako , Yamasaki Mami , Kumakura Akira , Sugo Yoshinobu , Nishiyama Kiyomi , Miyatake Satoko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Doi Hiroshi , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Saitsu Hirotomo
Published: August 2012

Objective:

Recently, COL4A1 mutations have been reported in porencephaly and other cerebral vascular diseases, often associated with ocular, renal, and muscular features. In this study, we aimed to clarify the phenotypic spectrum and incidence of COL4A1 mutations.

Methods:

We screened for COL4A1 mutations in 61 patients with porencephaly and 10 patients with schizencephaly, which may be similarly caused by disturbed vascular supply leading to cerebral degeneration, but can be distinguished depending on time of insult.

Results:

COL4A1 mutations were identified in 15 patients (21%, 10 mutations in porencephaly and 5 mutations in schizencephaly), who showed a variety of associated findings, including intracranial calcification, focal cortical dysplasia, pontocerebellar atrophy, ocular abnormalities, myopathy, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, and hemolytic anemia. Mutations include 10 missense, a nonsense, a frameshift, and 3 splice site mutations. Five mutations were confirmed as de novo events. One mutation was cosegregated with familial porencephaly, and 2 mutations were inherited from asymptomatic parents. Aberrant splicing was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses in 2 patients with splice site mutations.

Interpretation:

Our study first confirmed that COL4A1 mutations are associated with schizencephaly and hemolytic anemia. Based on the finding that COL4A1 mutations were frequent in patients with porencephaly and schizencephaly, genetic testing for COL4A1 should be considered for children with these conditions. ANN NEUROL 2013.
Computational Modeling, Synthesis, and Antioxidant Potential of Novel Phenylcarbamoylbenzoic Acid Analogs in Combating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Bayoumi Waleed A. , Elsayed Magda A. , Baraka Hany N. , Abou‐zeid Laila
Published: August 2012

A new series of phenylcarbamoylbenzoic acid analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity, aiming to find a lead for the treatment of oxidative stress. The target compounds were prepared by substituting the core phenylcarbamoylbenzoic acid moiety with certain functionalities via simple and efficient synthetic strategies. A molecular modeling study was performed to evaluate the recognition of target compounds at the 3MNG binding pocket. The docking data revealed that compounds 8c and 9a selectively bind to the crucial amino acid residues in the active site of 3MNG. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS antioxidant assay. Compounds 8c, 9a, and 9b showed high antioxidant activity and are thus promising as potent antioxidant leads.
Perceptions of a mobile technology on learning strategies in the anatomy laboratory
Authors: Mayfield Chandler H. , Ohara Peter T. , O'Sullivan Patricia S.
Published: August 2012

Mobile technologies offer new opportunities to improve dissection learning. This study examined the effect of using an iPad‐based multimedia dissection manual during anatomy laboratory instruction on learner's perception of anatomy dissection activities and use of time. Three experimental dissection tables used iPads and three tables served as a control for two identical sessions. Trained, non‐medical school anatomy faculty observers recorded use of resources at two‐minute intervals for 20 observations per table. Students completed pre‐ and post‐perception questionnaires. We used descriptive and inferential analyses. Twenty‐one control and 22 experimental students participated. Compared with controls, experimental students reported significantly (P < 0.05) less reliance on paper and instructor resources, greater ability to achieve anatomy laboratory objectives, and clarity of the role of dissection in learning anatomy. Experimental students indicated that the iPad helped them in dissection. We observed experimental students more on task (93% vs. 83% of the time) and less likely to be seeking an instructor (2% vs. 32%). The groups received similar attention from instructors (33% vs. 37%). Fifty‐nine percent of the time at least one student was looking at the iPad. Groups clustered around the iPad a third of their time. We conclude that the iPad‐manual aided learner engagement, achieved instructional objectives, and enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of dissection education. Anat Sci Educ 6: 81–89. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Users' views on current and future real‐time bus information systems
Authors: Rahman Md. Matiur , Wirasinghe S.C. , Kattan Lina
Published: August 2012

Actual bus arrival times often deviate from the posted schedules due to a variety of factors; hence, providing real‐time bus information can improve service quality. This study examined users' views and perceptions towards the possible future availability of real‐time bus information systems in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. A face‐to‐face paper‐based survey was conducted to collect the data. Various statistics and methods, such as ANOVA tests, ordinal regression and binary logistic regression, were used to analyse the data. The results showed that 35.5% of the respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that the current information system deterred or discouraged them from using public transport. In addition, a significant portion of respondents (82%) stated that they board the first arriving bus, even though it may take a longer in‐vehicle time to complete the trip, because of uncertainty regarding the arrival time of the next alternative bus with a shorter in‐vehicle travel time. A majority of the respondents (88%) indicated that real‐time transit information would not be necessary if bus headways are less than 10 minutes. As for preferred information content, information on the next bus arrival time received the highest priority. In general, Light Rail Transit (LRT) users showed the least interest in real‐time information. Women, younger riders, current car users and infrequent transit users showed a higher interest in real‐time information. Display boards at bus stops were perceived to be the most preferred medium to get en‐route information, whereas a website/call centre was stated to be the preferred media for pre‐trip information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling effects of different air traffic control operational procedures, separation rules, and service disciplines on runway landing capacity
Authors: Janic Milan
Published: August 2012

This paper deals with modeling the possible effects of different advanced procedures, existing, innovative, and new air traffic control (ATC) separation rules, and service disciplines on the ultimate landing capacity of a single runway. The first implies a combination and/or exclusive use of conventional and steeper final approach and landing procedures. The second includes the current horizontal, innovative mixed horizontal/vertical and new vertical distance‐based and time‐based separation rules. The last embrace the common First Come, First Served and innovative Priority service discipline. Such increasingly complex and challenging applications are assumed to be based on the new technologies on‐board the aircraft and at the ATC to be developed in the scope of the current United States Next Generation Air Transport System and European Single European Sky ATM Research programs.

The convenient analytical models for calculating the runway landing capacity are developed and applied to the generic case of a single runway according to the “what–if” scenario approach. This enables carrying out the sensitivity analysis of the landing capacity with respect to the most influential factors – the ATC advanced operational procedures, separation rules, service disciplines, and aircraft fleet mix. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alkalophilic laccase from Rheinheimera species isolate: Production and biobleaching of kraft pulp
Authors: Virk Antar Puneet , Capalash Neena , Sharma Prince
Published: August 2012

Medium optimization was carried out to enhance laccase production from a novel Rheinheimera species, isolated from industrial effluent. Out of the 15 variables tested by Placket–Burman design (PBD)—yeast extract, soyabean meal, and peptone were the positively significant ones, enhancing laccase production. Both simple and complex sugars showed a negative effect on laccase production. Central composite design (CCD) of experiments, using the three positively significant variables in combinations, showed that laccase production was not affected by molar carbon, molar nitrogen levels or molar C/N ratio. Maximum laccase yield of 2.5 × 105 nkat L−1, 31 fold enhancement over the unoptimized medium, was achieved when soyabean meal (0.6%) was used alone as medium showing that laccase production was substrate dependent. Laccase was used, in the presence of 2 mM ABTS, for the biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp resulting in kappa number reduction by 20% and brightness increase by 2.9%. Biobleaching improved further by sequential application of an alkalophilic xylanase (X) and laccase‐ABTS system (LAS) that decreased kappa number by 10, 15, and 35%, increased brightness by 2.7, 3.2, and 5.9% as compared to X treated, LAS treated and untreated control, respectively. XLAS treatment resulted in 15, 13, 10.9% increase in burst factor, tear factor, and viscosity with a 20% reduced consumption of elemental chlorine and hypochlorite. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
An insight into transcatheter aortic valve implantation—a perspective from multidetector‐computed tomography
Authors: Rajani Ronak , Brum Roberta L. , Barden Edward , Drake Sarah , Preston Rebecca L. , Carr‐White Gerald , Chambers John B.
Published: August 2012

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has now become an acceptable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high risk. The early enthusiasm for this technology has not diminished but rather has developed at an unprecedented rate over the last decade. Alongside the developments in implantation technique, transcatheter design, and postprocedural care, cardiac imaging modalities have also had to concurrently evolve to meet the perpetual demand for lower peri‐ and postprocedural complication rates. Although transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography remain vital in patient's selection and periprocedural guidance, there is now emerging evidence that indicates that multidetector‐computed tomography (MDCT) may also have an equally important role to play. The aim of the current review is to examine the modern role of MDCT in assessing patients with aortic stenosis being considered for TAVI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of late‐onset sustained ventricular tachycardia following deployment of amplatzer‐type perimembranous VSD occluder
Authors: Zhou Kaiyu , Hua Yimin , Qiao Lina
Published: August 2012

Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) has been widely used worldwide. Despite high success rate and minimal operative mortality, arrhythmia during and post‐operation has been frequently observed. However, sustained ventricular tachycardia following deployment of occluder has not been reported. In this present case, we present one rare case of late‐onset sustained ventricular tachycardia, which developed 71 hr after deployment of an Amplatzer‐type occluder for perimembranous VSD (PmVSD) in a 3‐year and 5‐month‐old boy. The sustained ventricular tachycardia was successfully corrected with the administration of lidocaine, amiodarone, and dexamethasone. The reoccurrence of ventricular tachycardia was not observed in the most recent follow‐up at 6 month. In summary, the current case indicated that sustained ventricular tachycardia could occur following deployment of Amplatzer‐type occluder for PmVSD, which could be corrected with antiarrhythmic drugs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of a large ASD from the femoral vein in a patient with Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Jain Shreepal A. , Pinto Robin , Dalvi Bharat
Published: August 2012

Anomalies of the inferior vena cava are rare in patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ASD). When present, they usually preclude successful transcatheter closure of the ASD using the femoral route. We report a case of a large secundum ASD in a 3‐year‐old child, who had a chronic Budd–Chiari syndrome incidentally detected on the cardiac catheterization table. We were able to successfully deploy the device from the femoral route itself using a collateral channel to reach the heart and then using the pulmonary vein deployment technique to successfully close the defect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palliative stent placement in vertical vein in a 1.4 kg infant with obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Kobayashi Daisuke , Forbes Thomas J. , Aggarwal Sanjeev
Published: August 2012

Temporary relief of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) may stabilize the preoperative clinical status. We report a 1.4 kg infant with obstructed supracardiac TAPVC to right sided superior vena cava, double outlet right ventricle, pulmonary atresia, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, and atrioventricular septal defect. A palliative percutaneous stent was successfully placed and resulted in immediate clinical improvement. We performed a review of literature regarding interventional procedures for relief of obstructed TAPVC and found 17 cases including stent placement (13), balloon angioplasty (3), and Hybrid procedure (1). We conclude that temporary stent placement in obstructed TAPVC is feasible and efficacious in relieving pulmonary venous obstruction. The procedure can lead to subsequent surgical repair in a more favorable clinical status and has special significance in the low birth weight infant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of 3‐year clinical outcomes between classic crush and modified mini‐crush technique in coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Yang Hyoung‐Mo , Tahk Seung‐Jea , Choi So‐Yeon , Yoon Myeong‐Ho , Lim Hong‐Seok , Choi Byoung‐Joo , Woo Seong‐Ill , Joe Dai‐Yeol , Seo Kyoung‐Woo , Jin Xiong Jie , Kim Jin‐Woo , Hwang Gyo‐Seung , Shin Joon‐Han
Published: August 2012

Objectives

We aimed to compare long‐term clinical outcomes between modified mini‐crush (modi‐MC) technique with classic crush (crush) technique for treatment of bifurcation lesions.

Background

The modi‐MC technique showed excellent procedural success and favorable 9‐month clinical outcomes.

Methods

From January 2005 to November 2009, we enrolled patients with de novo bifurcation lesions treated with modi‐MC (n= 112 lesions in 111 patients) and crush technique (n= 69 lesions in 67 patients). Primary endpoint was rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 3 years.

Results

There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics. The modi‐MC technique showed a significantly higher success rate of final kissing balloon inflation (84.1 vs. 98.2%,P= 0.001). After 3 years, MACE rate was significantly lower in the modi‐MC group (25.4 vs. 12.6%,P= 0.030). The incidence of all‐cause death was 7.5 vs. 2.7% (P= 0.087), MI was 4.5 vs. 1.8% (P= 0.290), TLR was 17.4 vs. 8.9% (P= 0.093) and stent thrombosis was 3.0 vs. 1.8% (P= 0.632) in the crush and modi‐MC groups, respectively.

Conclusions

The modified mini‐crush technique showed more favorable 3‐year clinical outcomes compared to the classic crush technique. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeting the Production of Biomolecules by Extremophiles at Bioreactor Scale
Authors: Deive F. J. , López E. , Rodríguez A. , Longo M. A. , Sanromán M. Á.
Published: August 2012

Recent alternatives to technological applications most commonly employed when the production of extremocompounds is approached at bioreactor scale, in batch, fed‐batch, and continuous mode, are summarized. Each operational mode is analyzed in the light of the more decisive variables affecting the performance of this kind of biological processes, namely, bioreactor configurations, culture medium design, operating conditions, or downstream processing. Bringing together genetic and bioreaction engineering with separation techniques is already the recommended strategy to solve the typical problems faced in bioprocesses with extremophiles and will serve to open up new opportunities for the development of unexplored fields such as renewable energies.
Modified Semi‐Coke‐Supported Cerium Oxide‐Doped Zinc Ferrites for the Removal of H2S from Coal Gas
Authors: Mi J. , Feng G. , Han L. , Guo T. , Zhu Y. , Wang J.
Published: August 2012

Cerium oxide‐doped ZnFe2O4 sorbents supported on modified semi‐coke (MSC) were prepared to improve the desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrites. The sulfidation tests of the ZnFe2O4/MSC sorbents with and without Ce were carried out using a fixed‐bed reactor at 450 °C. The effect of the CeO2/ZnFe2O4 molar ratio of the sorbents on the sulfur capacity was studied. The characteristics of the sorbents were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that cerium oxide could greatly improve the desulfurization reactivity of the ZnFe2O4/MSC sorbents. The molar ratio of Ce to Zn and Fe influences the desulfurization reactivity, and a good sulfur capacity of the sorbent can be obtained with a Ce/Zn/Fe ratio of 4:4:1. It was also found that the addition of CeO2 could enlarge the surface area and the pore volume, thus improving the dispersion of active components. Ce doping results in an increment of the oxygen adsorbed on the sorbent surface, which facilitates the adsorption of H2S. The Ce ions could act as carriers of the oxidation and reduction reactions and the oxygen transfer could be accelerated during the desulfurization process of coal gas.
Azobenzene Polyesters Used as Gate‐Like Scaffolds in Nanoscopic Hybrid Systems
Authors: Bernardos Andrea , Mondragón Laura , Javakhishvili Irakli , Mas Núria , de la Torre Cristina , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Barat José M. , Hvilsted Søren , Orzaez Mar , Pérez‐Payá Enríque , Amorós Pedro
Published: August 2012

The synthesis and characterisation of new capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles for on‐command delivery applications is reported. Functional capped hybrid systems consist of MCM‐41 nanoparticles functionalised on the external surface with polyesters bearing azobenzene derivatives and rhodamine B inside the mesopores. Two solid materials, Rh‐PAzo8‐S and Rh‐PAzo6‐S, containing two closely related polymers, PAzo8 and PAzo6, in the pore outlets have been prepared. Materials Rh‐PAzo8‐S and Rh‐PAzo6‐S showed an almost zero release in water due to steric hindrance imposed by the presence of anchored bulky polyesters, whereas a large delivery of the cargo was observed in the presence of an esterase enzyme due to the progressive hydrolysis of polyester chains. Moreover, nanoparticles Rh‐PAzo8‐S and Rh‐PAzo6‐S were used to study the controlled release of the dye in intracellular media. Nanoparticles were not toxic for HeLa cells and endocytosis‐mediated cell internalisation was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the possible use of capped materials as a drug‐delivery system was demonstrated by the preparation of a new mesoporous silica nanoparticle functionalised with PAzo6 and loaded with the cytotoxic drug camptothecin (CPT‐PAzo6‐S). Following cell internalisation and lysosome resident enzyme‐dependent gate opening, CPT‐PAzo6‐S induced CPT‐dependent cell death in HeLa cells.
Centralspindlin: At the heart of cytokinesis
Authors: White Erin A. , Glotzer Michael
Published: August 2012

The final step in the cell cycle is the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells by cytokinesis. At the heart of cytokinesis in animal cells is the centralspindlin complex which is composed of two proteins, a kinesin‐like protein, Mitotic kinesin‐like protein 1, and a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), CYK‐4. Through its targeted localization to a narrow region of antiparallel microtubule overlap immediately following chromosome segregation, centralspindlin initiates central spindle assembly. Centralspindlin has several critical functions during cell division including positioning of the division plane, regulation of Rho family GTPases, as well as midbody assembly and abscission. In this review, we will examine the biochemistry of centralspindlin and its multiple functions during cell division. Remarkably, several of its critical functions are somewhat unexpected. Although endowed with motor domains, centralspindlin has an important role in generating stable, antiparallel microtubule bundles. Although it contains a Rho family GAP domain, it has a central role in the activation of RhoA during cytokinesis. Finally, centralspindlin functions as a motor protein complex, as a scaffold protein for key regulators of abscission and as a conventional RhoGAP. Because of these diverse functions, centralspindlin lies at the heart of the cytokinetic mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Patient‐specific computational biomechanics of the brain without segmentation and meshing
Authors: Zhang Johnny Y. , Joldes Grand Roman , Wittek Adam , Miller Karol
Published: August 2012

Motivated by patient‐specific computational modelling in the context of image‐guided brain surgery, we propose a new fuzzy mesh‐free modelling framework. The method works directly on an unstructured cloud of points that do not form elements so that mesh generation is not required. Mechanical properties are assigned directly to each integration point based on fuzzy tissue classification membership functions without the need for image segmentation. Geometric integration is performed over an underlying uniform background grid. The verification example shows that, while requiring no hard segmentation and meshing, the proposed model gives, for all practical purposes, equivalent results to a finite element model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetics links monster larva to deep‐sea shrimp
Authors: Bracken‐Grissom Heather D. , Felder Darryl L. , Vollmer Nicole L. , Martin Joel W. , Crandall Keith A.
Published: August 2012

Mid‐water plankton collections commonly include bizarre and mysterious developmental stages that differ conspicuously from their adult counterparts in morphology and habitat. Unaware of the existence of planktonic larval stages, early zoologists often misidentified these unique morphologies as independent adult lineages. Many such mistakes have since been corrected by collecting larvae, raising them in the lab, and identifying the adult forms. However, challenges arise when the larva is remarkably rare in nature and relatively inaccessible due to its changing habitats over the course of ontogeny. The mid‐water marine speciesCerataspis monstrosa(Gray 1828) is an armored crustacean larva whose adult identity has remained a mystery for over 180 years. Our phylogenetic analyses, based in part on recent collections from the Gulf of Mexico, provide definitive evidence that the rare, yet broadly distributed larva,C. monstrosa, is an early developmental stage of the globally distributed deepwater aristeid shrimp,Plesiopenaeus armatus. Divergence estimates and phylogenetic relationships across five genes confirm the larva and adult are the same species. Our work demonstrates the diagnostic power of molecular systematics in instances where larval rearing seldom succeeds and morphology and habitat are not indicative of identity. Larval–adult linkages not only aid in our understanding of biodiversity, they provide insights into the life history, distribution, and ecology of an organism.
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)–1,6,7,12‐Tetraazaperylene Complexes of N,N′‐Dimethyl‐2,11‐diaza[3.3](2,6)‐pyridinophane
Authors: Brietzke Thomas , Mickler Wulfhard , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe , Krüger Hans‐Jörg , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: August 2012

Ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(L‐N4Me2)(dape)](PF6)2 {[1](PF6)2}, [Ru(L‐N4Me2)(tape)](PF6)2 {[2](PF6)2}, and [{Ru(L‐N4Me2)}2(μ‐tape)](PF6)4 {[3](PF6)4} were synthesized in two reaction steps by first reacting [Ru(DMSO)4Cl2] with tetraazamacrocyclic ligand N,N′‐dimethyl‐2,11‐diaza[3.3](2,6)‐pyridinophane (L‐N4Me2) in ethanol under microwave irradiation to the intermediate [Ru(L‐N4Me2)Cl2], which was subsequently, without further isolation, reacted with 1,12‐diazaperylene (dape) or 1,6,7,12‐tetraazaperylene (tape). X‐ray structures of [Ru(L‐N4Me2)(dape)](PF6)2, [Ru(L‐N4Me2)(tape)](PF6)2·acetone, and [{Ru(L‐N4Me2)}2(μ‐tape)](ClO4)4·MeCN were determined. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of [1](PF6)2, [2](PF6)2, and [3](PF6)4 in acetonitrile display intense low‐energy dπ(Ru)→π* (dape or tape) MLCT absorption bands centered at 579, 637, and 794 nm, respectively. Reversible metal oxidations for the bimetallic complex [{Ru(L‐N4Me2)}2(μ‐tape)]4+ ([3]4+) are detected at 1.69 and 1.28 V vs. SCE. The potential difference ΔE = 410 mV and the intervalence‐charge‐transfer (IVCT) transition at 2472 nm indicate a high degree of electronic interaction between the two ruthenium ions mediated through the tape bridging ligand. All three complexes, [1]2+, [2]2+, and [3]4+, were characterized by UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry. The monooxidized and monoreduced states, [1]3+, [2]3+, [3]5+, and [1]+, [2]+, [3]3+, are accessible by reversible one‐electron oxidation and one‐electron reduction processes, respectively, as documented by the observation of several stable isosbestic points in the spectral progressions. The second reduction in each complex and the second oxidation in [3]4+ prove to be irreversible in these spectroelectrochemical experiments. Monoreduced species [1]+, [2]+, and [3]3+ yield EPR signals indicating that the unpaired electron is mainly centered on the “large surface” ligands dape or tape.
Characteristics of bipolar disorder patients given antidepressants
Authors: Lorenzo Laura S. , Vázquez Gustavo H. , Zaratiegui Rodolfo M. , Tondo Leonardo , Baldessarini Ross J.
Published: August 2012

Evidence concerning efficacy of antidepressants in bipolar disorder remains inconsistent and inconclusive. As the appropriate clinical use for such patients remains unclear, we characterized outpatients with bipolar disorders who were or were not treated with antidepressants. Clinical data were collected systematically from consecutive outpatients in 11 participating Argentine mood‐disorder clinics in 2007–2008. Diagnoses met DSM‐IV criteria, supported by structured interviews based on the MINI‐500. Of 338 outpatients diagnosed with bipolar I (45.0%), II (29.3%), or not‐otherwise‐specified (NOS) (25.7%) disorder, 128 (37.9%) received antidepressants. Subjects given antidepressants or not did not differ significantly by presence or severity of current depression or being suicidal but were more likely to be women. Bipolar I disorder patients were three times less likely than types II or NOS to receive an antidepressant, with or without a mood‐stabilizer or antimanic agent. Despite inconclusive evidence for efficacy and safety of antidepressants in various phases of bipolar disorders, 37.9% of such patients were receiving an antidepressant in 11 Argentine outpatient clinics. Antidepressant treatment was least likely with type I disorder and was independent of current depression and not associated with more use of mood‐stabilizing or antimanic agents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracerebral quantitative chromophore estimation from reflectance spectra captured during deep brain stimulation implantation
Authors: Johansson Johannes D. , Wårdell Karin
Published: August 2012

Quantification of blood fraction (fblood), blood oxygenation (S), melanin, lipofuscin and oxidised and reduced Cytochrome aa 3 and c was done from diffuse reflectance spectra captured in cortex, white matter, globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamus during stereotactic implantations of 29 deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes with the aim of investigating whether the chromophores can give physiological information about the targets for DBS. Double‐sided Mann‐Whitney U ‐tests showed more lipofuscin in GPi compared to white matter and subthalamus (p < 0.05). Compared to the other structures, fbloodwas significantly higher in cortex (p < 0.05) and S lower in GPi (p < 0.05). Median values and range for fblood were 1.0 [0.2–6.0]% in the cortex, 0.3 [0.1–8.2]% in white matter, 0.2 [0.1–0.8]% in the GPi and 0.2 [0.1–11.7]% in the subthalamus. Corresponding values for S was 20 [0–81]% in the cortex, 29 [0–78]% in white matter, 0 [0–0]% in the GPi and 0 [0–92]% in the subthalamus. In conclusion, the measurements indicate very low oxygenation and blood volume for DBS patients, especially in the GPi. It would be of great interest to investigate whether this is due to the disease, the normal situation or an artefact of doing invasive measurements. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predominant role of PDGF receptor transactivation in Wnt3a-induced osteoblastic cell proliferation
Authors: Caverzasio Joseph , Biver Emmanuel , Thouverey Cyril
Published: August 2012

Previous studies have shown that Wnt3a enhances the proliferation and inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in Wnt3a-induced osteoblastic cell proliferation. Experiments with DKK1, a natural antagonist of Lrp5/6, indicated that Wnt/β-catenin did not play a major role in Wnt3a-induced osteoblastic cell proliferation. The use of selective inhibitors of known mitogenic pathways implicates Src family kinases (SFKs) and a protein kinase C (PKC) in this cellular response. Time-dependent analysis of signaling molecules activated by Wnt3a in MC3T3-E1 cells revealed parallel activation of the canonical pathway and of several tyrosine kinases, including SFKs and PDGF receptors (PDGF-Rs). Functional analysis with specific inhibitors suggested a major role of PDGF-Rs in mediating Wnt3a-induced cell proliferation. Further investigation with an si-RNA approach confirmed a predominant role of this receptor in this cellular response. The use of soluble decoy PDGF-Rs that can sequester extracellular PDGFs excluding that part of the increased PDGF receptor phosphorylation by Wnt3a was the result of autocrine production of PDGFs. A selective SFK inhibitor blunted the enhanced PDGF-R phosphorylation and cell proliferation induced by Wnt3a. Studies of initial events involved in the regulation of this pathway suggest a role of dishevelled. In conclusion, data presented in this study indicate that cell proliferation induced by Wnt3a in osteoblastic cells is mediated by a dishevelled-dependent and β-catenin-independent pathway, which involves the transactivation of PDGF receptors. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Extending Hirshfeld‐I to bulk and periodic materials
Authors: Vanpoucke Danny E. P. , Bultinck Patrick , Van Driessche Isabel
Published: August 2012

In this work, a method is described to extend the iterative Hirshfeld‐I method, generally used for molecules, to periodic systems. The implementation makes use of precalculated pseudopotential‐based electron density distributions, and it is shown that high‐quality results are obtained for both molecules and solids, such as ceria, diamond, and graphite. The use of grids containing (precalculated) electron densities makes the implementation independent of the solid state or quantum chemical code used for studying the system. The extension described here allows for easy calculation of atomic charges and charge transfer in periodic and bulk systems. The conceptual issue of obtaining reference densities for anions is discussed, and the delocalization problem for anionic reference densities originating from the use of a plane wave basis set is identified and handled. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoresponsive Macroporous Scaffolds Prepared by Emulsion Templating
Authors: Zhou Shengzhong , Bismarck Alexander , Steinke Joachim H. G.
Published: August 2012

A versatile method to prepare non‐covalently crosslinked polyHIPEs hydrogels from oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) whose aqueous phase contained thermo‐responsive linear polymers is described. The interconnected pore structure of the polyHIPEs is maintained by reversible physical aggregation of thermo‐responsive polymer chains in an aqueous environment. This method to prepare interconnected porous hydrogels using a thermal trigger in the guise of thermo‐responsive polymers by emulsion templating requires no chemical reaction during solidification of the template. This particular feature could provide a safer route to injectable scaffolds as issues of polymerisation/crosslinking chemistry and residual initiator fragments or monomers do not arise
Phase noise formula for dual‐resonance injection‐locked frequency dividers
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Huang Jhin‐Fang , Chang Chia‐Wei
Published: August 2012

This letter develops a phase noise formula for injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) implemented with dual‐resonance LC tank, which consists of a series LC resonator and a parallel LC resonator. In parallel‐tuned single‐resonance ILFD, the output phase noise is set by the noise of the injection signal at low frequency offset from the carrier, while it can be dominated by the divider noise at large frequency offset. The developed theory shows that the phase noise equations of a series‐tuned single‐resonance ILFD and dual‐resonance ILFDs has a common phase noise equation as the one used for a single‐resonance parallel‐tuned ILFD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2491–2494, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27105
High gain/power quotient variable‐gain wideband low‐noise amplifier for capsule endoscopy application
Authors: Iji Ayobami , Zhu Xi , Heimlich Michael
Published: August 2012

An implantable high gain/power quotient variable‐gain wideband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for capsule endoscopy application is implemented in a 0.25 μm silicon‐on‐insulator CMOS process. With a current‐reused topology and wideband matching network, the presented LNA exhibits peak gain of 13.8 dB, 2.3 dB noise figure, more than 1 GHz bandwidth and 5 dB gain tuning range with good input and output impedance matching. The LNA consumes only 1.8 mW DC power from a supply voltage of 1.5 V. An excellent average gain/power quotient of 6.8 dB/mW is achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2563–2565, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27111
Spurious‐Free dynamic range of a high‐resolution photonic time‐stretch analog‐to‐digital converter system
Authors: Gee Caroline M. , Sefler George , DeVore Peter T.S. , Valley George C.
Published: August 2012

We measure the spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) for a 10‐GHz photonic time‐stretch ADC system. Unlike single‐octave microwave systems, the second‐order spurs limit the SFDR to 88 dB‐Hz1/2 at 10 GHz and 95 dB‐Hz1/2 at 1 GHz. Simulations that include modulator arm bias mismatch and equalization agree with experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2558–2563, 2012; this online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27114
Electrical modeling of photonic crystal defects
Authors: Patil Preeti B. , Pendharker Sarang , Shevgaonkar R. K.
Published: August 2012

A transmission line model of a planar photonic crystal (PC) waveguide is presented here. Electrical characteristics of single and multiple point defects in a PC waveguide are investigated. It is shown that a point defect in the waveguide can be modeled as a reactance connected across the transmission line. Investigation shows that depending on the size and refractive index, a point defect can be inductive or capacitive and its reactance can vary over a wide range. A double defect behaves as a bandpass filter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2522–2528, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27115
In situ characterization of pin diode waveforms using electro‐optic sampling
Authors: Benabe Evelyn , Crites Matthew H. , Whitaker John F. , Weller Thomas M.
Published: August 2012

In situ measurements of nonlinear waveforms produced by a PIN diode under large‐signal excitation have been performed using ultrafast electro‐optic (EO) sampling.The waveforms were sampled using an EO probe positioned immediately after the diode. These data validate a nonlinear model and improve representation of the waveform across the circuit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2653–2656, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27119
Broadband coupled‐line balun on a defected ground structure
Authors: Kim M.
Published: August 2012

A novel microstrip balun topology based on common‐mode rejection is introduced. The balun is constructed with a short section of coupled line placed above a defected ground structure. Measurements on a PCB sample indicate a successful conversion from single end to differential mode showing 0.7 dB of insertion loss at 3 GHz along with 1‐dB bandwidth that extends from 0.7 to 5.6 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2575–2577, 2012; this online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27120
Geometrically distributed one‐dimensional photonic crystals for all angle optical filters
Authors: Teeka C. , Pipatsart S. , Yupapin P. P.
Published: August 2012

We present the general formulation of light reflection using a series of one‐dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) with different periods, which is made of nonabsorptive materials of any refractive indices.To have a large bandgap, the spectral range of reflection, the periods of 1D PCs must be distributed in a geometrical progression with a common ratio, r, smaller than a maximum value of rc. In this letter, the exact expressions for rc, the bandgap to mid gap ratio of the PC heterostructure and the minimum number of PCs to achieve the desired range of bandgap in single and all angles of incidence have been presented. The proposed method can be used to design the optical filters for vast range of applications such as ultraviolet (UV) filters (i.e., sunglasses, eye safety glasses, UV photography filters) and visible light filters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2533–2536, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27123
Photon‐pair states and violation of CHSH inequality
Authors: Martins Luís P. , Almeida Álvaro J. , André Paulo S. , Pinto Armando N.
Published: August 2012

In addition to Bell's original inequality, John Clauser, Michael Horne, Abner Shimony, and Richard Holt (CHSH) developed a special form of Bell's inequality which gives classical limits to the expected correlation between two particles. We present a theoretical demonstration of the maximum value for violation of CHSH inequality, S = 2
$\sqrt{2}$, for the pure entangled quantum state. Using the spontaneous four‐wave mixing process, we generate polarization‐entangled photon pairs in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) loop, for experimental verification. Using a nonentangled quantum state, we show theoretically that the violation of CHSH inequality is only a property of entangled states. We also show the theoretical solution of violation of the CHSH inequality for a general Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state and for an arbitrary state of two particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2454–2461, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary. com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27127
Miniaturized leaf‐shaped monopole antenna with filtering properties
Authors: Ahdi Rezaeieh Sasan , Kartal Mesut
Published: August 2012

A miniaturized monopole antenna design with filtering properties is presented.The proposed antenna has a leaf‐shaped radiating patch, which enhances antenna with larger current path leading to wider impedance matching bandwidth in lower frequencies. By creating two ellipse‐shaped slots with the same radiuses on the radiating patch and locating a parasitic circle on the opposite side, a band‐stop property is obtained. Its band‐stop characteristic is controlled by changing the slots' length and circle's radius. The designed antenna has a small size of 20 × 20 × 1 mm3 while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency range of 4.2–7.2 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2638–2642, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27131
Embroidered wearable antenna for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Tseng Chih‐Wei , Leu Hoang‐Jyh
Published: August 2012

An electroconductive polyester yarn is used to fabricate an embroidered wearable monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications.Here, the structure of this embroidered antenna is a common coplanar waveguide‐fed circular disk monopole antenna. From the experimental results, a 10‐dB impedance bandwidth from 2.7 to 10.62 GHz is measured, while steady gains with near omnidirectional radiation patterns are exhibited within the bands of interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2597–2600, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27133
A cylindrical resonant cavity to evaluate the chemical and biological effects of low‐power RF electromagnetic fields
Authors: Maxia P. , Casula G. A. , Mazzarella G. , Montisci G. , Gaudiomonte F. , Carta R. , Desogus F.
Published: August 2012

A resonant cavity, used to evaluate the effects of the exposition of biological materials or aqueous‐organic mixtures to low‐power electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies, is presented.The cavity resonator has been designed using CST microwave studio, and then manufactured. The simulations show a very good agreement with measured data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2566–2569, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27135
Dual‐resonance compact circularly polarized reader antenna for UHF RFID applications
Authors: Tang Zhi‐jun , Zhan Jie , Liu Hong‐li
Published: August 2012

A novel dual‐resonance ultrahigh frequency radiofrequency identification reader antenna at 868 or 915 MHz is proposed which has a square metal patch with two truncated corners, four inserted slits of equal lengths, a circular slot, and a substrate with two rectangular slots. The antenna achieves 70 MHz bandwidths, 3.7 dBi gains, and a good radiation pattern. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2531–2533, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27136
Design of high‐isolation Ka‐band switch using coupled lines
Authors: Jeong Jinho , Kwon Youngwoo
Published: August 2012

In this letter, new design of a high‐isolation switch is presented at Ka‐band.To improve the isolation performance of the conventional absorptive‐type switch, coupled lines with variable characteristic impedance are used. The coupled line acts as a transmission line of which the characteristic impedance is controlled depending on the state of the switch. In the on‐state, its characteristic impedance is determined to be the same as the reference impedance for good insertion and return losses. In the off‐state, it is adjusted to be higher than the reference impedance, which reduces the signal leakage to the output, achieving high isolation. In this way, the proposed switch can provide good insertion and isolation performance with good return losses in both states. The proposed idea is verified by the measurement of Ka‐band switch microwave monolithic integrated circuits fabricated in 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2528–2530, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27137
K‐band watt‐level mHEMT power amplifier using quadruple‐stacked transistors
Authors: Park Youngrak , Kim Youngmin , Koh Yumin , Kim Jihoon , Seo Kwangseok , Jeong Jinho , Kwon Youngwoo
Published: August 2012

A broadband watt‐level power amplifier in a metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) technology is presented at K‐band. The quadruple‐stacked transistor is used to overcome the low breakdown voltage limit of mHEMTs and achieve watt‐level output powers. The fabricated power amplifier using 130‐nm mHEMTs shows an output power of 1.3 W at 18 GHz with a 3‐dB power bandwidth of 58%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of watt‐level single‐chip power amplifiers in mHEMT technology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2624–2626, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27140