bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chamanismo y etnoturismo: la venta de rituales de ayahuasca y la compra de sentidos en el Alto Napo.
Authors: Hermida Salas Pablo Andrés
Published: April 2019

La etnia Napo runa, se ha caracterizado por su configuración histórica de carácter aglutinante y por contener un rico bagaje de saber etno-médico. Evidentemente, es una etnia que ha tenido sucesivos contactos a lo largo del tiempo, razón por la cual se los ha revestido de innumerables imaginarios según los intereses establecidos y el tipo de encuentros. Uno de los encuentros a los que aludimos, tiene que ver con la venta de rituales de ayahuasca por parte del chamán y su familia hacia los etno-turistas. En este encuentro se generan al menos dos tipos tensiones: las que se muestran a nivel interno, que tienen que ver con las relaciones de poder dentro de la familia del chamán y la comunidad; y a nivel externo, en las distancias culturales que ponen en cuestión y “préstamo” códigos simbólicos, de los que se valen tanto los Napo runas como los etno-turistas. El presente estudio, pretende considerar al chamanismo como eje por el cual se mantienen y dinamizan los Napo runa según el contexto sociocultural. Desde esta premisa, veremos las formas en las que opera el chamanismo en este grupo étnico, enfocándolo a manera de un sistema cultural en el que subyace la economía del don. Esto dará cuenta del tipo de cambios que se presentan con la venta de rituales y por ello las coordenadas de reproducción cultural adoptadas como estrategias frente a la injerencia foránea en la contemporaneidad.
La trayectoria del desarrollo social precolombino en el sur de Manabí
Authors: Martin Alexander J , Lara Catherine
Published: April 2019

Este artículo reconstruye la larga trayectoria de desarrollo precolombino de las poblaciones del Parque Nacional Machalilla, sur de Manabí, Ecuador, desde tiempos formativos hasta la llegada de los españoles. Los resultados de una prospección sistemática de cobertura total indican que estas poblaciones retuvieron niveles demográficos bajos y poca evidencia de estratificación social hasta los finales del Desarrollo Regional (ca. 700 d.C.). En cambio, la evidencia arqueológica sugiere que el subsiguiente período de Integración (700-1532 d.C.) presenció un salto demográfico considerable, una alta concertación poblacional en el poblado de Machalilla, evidencia más marcada de estratificación social y el desarrollo de comunidades supra-locales.
Deep learning to enhance maritime situation awareness
Authors: Mantecón Tomás , Casals David , Navarro-Corcuera Juan Jose , Del-Blanco Carlos Roberto , Jaureguizar Fernando
Published: April 2019

Maritime surveillance sensors like AIS (Automatic Identification System) and Radar provide useful information for decision-making support, which is of paramount importance for effective operations against maritime threats and illegal activities [1]. However, decision-making systems that trust solely on AIS information tend to fail in real situations because such information could be missing, inaccurate or even deceptive [2]. On the other hand, only Radar information is not enough to get a complete description of the maritime situational picture. This paper proposes a deep learning framework for vessel monitoring that examines a particular scenario where a deep learning solution can infer a navigation status based on the vessels trajectories, and thus to detect suspicious vessels activities. For this purpose, a dataset, named DeepMarine, has been specifically created by collecting data of AIS historical recordings. We demonstrate the performance of the developed deep learning framework for the proposed vessels activity classification, which can be ultimately used to report illegal activities.
A Train-the-Trainers (TtT) Program for Engineers for Hosting Multiparty International Clinical Teleconferences
Authors: Kudo Kuriko , Moriyama Tomohiko , Tomimatsu Shunta , Ueda Shintaro , Shimizu Shuji
Published: April 2019

Background: International clinical teleconferencing connecting hospitals contributes to the standardisation of medical care. Introduction: The perception that participating in international teleconferences is easy while hosting and coordinating them is difficult has limited the expansion of these kinds of programmes. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Train-the-Trainer (TtT) programme on hosting international multiparty teleconferences targeted at hospital engineers. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 20 engineers and physicians from 17 institutions in 10 countries participated in Kyushu University Hospital’s TtT programme. Hands-on training and hosting a Training Report Conference (TRC) were conducted. The impact of the programme was assessed using questionnaires about the participants’ confidence, perception of barriers, and teleconference activity before and one year after the training period. Results: The mean training period was 16.7 days (median, 19 days). Twelve TRCs were hosted by trainees connecting 56 institutions in 11 countries. All participants gave positive evaluations of the overall programme, 19 (95%) "very good" and 1 (5%) "good", and the trainers 9 (90%) "very good" and 1 (10%) "good"). Following the TtT programme, the mean number of trainee-hosted events increased significantly (0.8 to 1.3, p<0.001), and more respondents (12/17, 71%) reported barriers to hosting a programme than participating in one (5/17, 29%, p<0.001). Trainee confidence in both hosting and participating in international teleconferences was significantly higher after TtT. Conclusion: There are more barriers to hosting than participating in international clinical teleconferences. This TtT programmes for engineers could contribute to more active hosting engagement.
Karyological and Chromosome Analysis of Quercus libani in Iran
Authors: Asgharpour Fatemeh , Seyedı Nasrin , Najafı Solmaz
Published: April 2019

This
study attempts to analyze the karyotype and chromosome structure in five
populations of Quercus libani growing
in Northern Zagros. Pre-treatment, fixation, hydrolysis and staining were
conducted using root meristem and then microscopic samples were prepared and
studied. The results showed that in all studied cells of each population, the
basic chromosome number was x=12 and all of them were diploid. Karyotype
analysis of each population was conducted separately and several indices (TL:
Total Length, LA: Long Arm, SA: Short Arm, CI: Centromer Index, AR: Arm Ratio,
R- value, DRL%:  Difference of Relative
Length and TF%: Total Form) were determined. Karyotype formula was 12m in all
studied populations. The length of chromosomes in all populations was estimated
as 0.64-2.08 micrometers. The longest chromosome was observed in chromosome
number 1 from population 1 and the shortest one was related to the chromosome
number 12 from population 5. Considering of chromosomal classification, all the
studied populations were placed in class B of Stebbins which showed that there is
an average symmetry in the studied karyotypes. The other estimated indices also
showed that in chromosomes are relatively symmetric in all populations that indicates
this species is primitive and undeveloped.
Local decomposer increase composting rate and produce quality rice straw compost
Authors: Muliarta I Nengah , Agung I Gusti Ayu Mas Sri , Adnyana I Made , Diara I Wayan
Published: April 2019

This study at aiming to examine the ability of Balinese local decomposers in composting rice straw. Another goal is to examine the composting rate and quality of compost in enumeration rice straw that is not enumerated. The study used 2 combinations of local decomposers and comparative decomposers. The local decomposer 1 combination consists of Paenibacillus polimyxa, Pseudomonas flourescens, and Trichoderma hazianum. The combination of local decomposers 2 consists of Pseudomonas flourescens, Trichoderma hazianum, and Aspergilus niger. Comparative decomposers are commercial decomposers consists of Azospirillum, Aspergillus, Actinomycetes, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and yeast. The study was conducted in Tangkas Village, Klungkung on June 17 up to July 23, 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 (three) replications. Composting is conducted for 35 days and compost reversal is conducted every 7 days. The results showed that the addition of local decomposer 1 was able to provide a C/N ratio of up to 13.78, local decomposers 2 to 14.80 and this result was not significantly different from the comparison decomposition C/N ratio which reached 15.31.
PHILOSOPHY OF LEGAL PARADIGMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION REALITY
Authors: Bakaeva Zhanna Yur’evna , Bukin Aleksandr Olegovich
Published: April 2019

The article analyses legal paradigms in the system of the worldview and information components of reality. The legal paradigm represented by natural law is defined as a set of a priori and legal information. The paradigm of positive law is substantiated by usefulness and the need to apply legislative and regulatory information in the legal situation. The third paradigm of law reflects object-subject relations in the aspect of the “inner world” of reality and presents personal information.
BUSINESS ETHICS: DETERMINATION OF RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Shuler Irina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2019

The article focuses on identifying the theoretical foundations, historical patterns and prospects for ethical views development in the modern business world. Novelty is determined by the formation of a systemic idea about a wide range of ideological issues and practice-oriented mechanisms that lead to effective business interaction at the all-Russian and international levels. Scientific study of business ethics implies a component, structural, genealogical, prognostic, and functional analysis.
SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
Authors: Krysova Elena Vital’evna
Published: April 2019

The article focuses on deinstitutionalization in the sphere of social services for population. The purpose of the study is to reveal socio-philosophical foundations of deinstitutionalization as a complex social phenomenon. Novelty of the research lies in the fact that this phenomenon is analysed in the unity of its formation and the current state, the unity of personal and social significance. At the same time, the author’s attention is paid to the notional execution of deinstitutionalization, its characteristics and forms of manifestation in the modern society. The paper refers to socio-philosophical understanding of the deinstitutionalization topic.
VALUE AND SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL TURBULENCE AS A FACTOR OF THE RUSSIAN MENTALITY UPDATE
Authors: Tsigvintseva Galina Leont'evna
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the manifestations of value and social-psychological turbulence as a factor of the update of the Russian society’s mental structures. The idea that large-scale integration processes and internal restructuring of the entire living space have influenced the metaphysical foundations of the Russian spirit and emphasised their binarity and ambivalence is substantiated. Dispersion of meaning-value and social-psychological attitudes has generated postmodernistic forms of behaviour and interaction, which are a response to the mutual influence of archaic and transnational identities.
SYSTEM OF TRAINING KOMSOMOL TOP-LEVEL OFFICIALS IN THE PRE-WAR PERIOD (1937- 1941) (BY THE EXAMPLE OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS)
Authors: Bredikhin Vladimir Evgen'evich
Published: April 2019

The article describes the methods and practice of Komsomol officials’ training in the period of “administrative revolution” of the 1930s. The necessity to develop Komsomol education system was determined by the insufficient level of general and political education of top-level officials and their small experience of administrative work. Before the war Komsomol did not manage to create its own suitable system of administrative staff training. The focus on Komsomol workers’ autonomous theoretical training emphasized the elements of formalization in Komsomol education system.
ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AVANT-GARDE MUSIC IN THE HIGHER SCHOOL COURSE “FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THEORETICAL MUSICOLOGY”
Authors: Danilova Anna Viktorovna
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to a relevant problem of the modern pedagogy of special and general musical education - insufficient attention to avant-garde music in the process of future music teachers’ professional training. The paper provides a survey of modern domestic music experts’ views on this issue. The author identifies the reasons for a relatively insignificant place of avant-garde music in the educational process of the musical faculties of pedagogical higher education establishments. The author argues that in the process of studying the discipline “Fundamental Concepts of Theoretical Musicology”, future music teachers should acquire competence in analysing domestic avant-garde compositions. As an example of the practical usage of a domestic avant-garde composition in educational process the author analyses the vocal cycle “Blätter” by E. Denisov. The paper examines the specificity of the composer’s interpretation of the poetical original source, the form of the composition, its pitch pattern, tone and texture peculiarities determined by the principles of serial technique, micro-chromatics and sonorism. The analysis of this composition allows identifying the original combination of traditional composition principles and modern composer’s technique.
INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORY ON REGIONAL BRANDING NATURE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC)
Authors: Kazakova Karina Atsamazovna , Gorunovich Aleksei Nikolaevich
Published: April 2019

The article considers the need to develop a brand of the Komi Republic and the influence of the historical development of the territory on it. The existing brand of the Komi Republic focuses on environmental friendliness and does not include such aspects as the Komi people’s traditional culture, their history, existing natural objects and achievements, which indicates certain controversial nature of the issue. The paper covers the main stages of the historical development of the Komi territory, the extent of previous investigation of the studied problem in literature, specific practical recommendations of the authors concerning the Komi Republic brand development.
A Study of the Implementation of Formative Assessment in Three Large Urban Districts
Authors: Johnson Carla C. , Sondergeld Toni A. , Walton Janet B.
Published: April 2019

In this study, we examined the enactment of formative assessment by administrator-selected master teachers in large, urban, public school districts in three regions of the United States. Furthermore, this study also included an investigation of the perceptions and frequency of use for all teachers within the same districts to gather a snapshot of the state of use of formative assessment within those settings overall. Currently, the research base is limited regarding how effective teachers implement formative assessment strategies in their classrooms and how teachers in general perceive formative assessment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to gain a broader understanding of how teachers conceptualize and enact formative assessment strategies in their classrooms with the aim of providing guidance to teacher educators, professional development providers, and policy makers about gaps in teachers’ understanding of and use of formative assessment. Findings from classroom observations revealed that master teachers implemented some aspects of formative assessment effectively and other areas were used much less frequently and/or effectively. Teachers within the participating districts reported similar use frequencies. Implications for research and practice in the area of formative assessment are discussed.
Understanding the Moral Attitudes Scale in International Surveys: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Remizova Alisa , Rudnev Maksim
Published: April 2019

Several large international surveys, including the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, have been using the moral attitudes scale (MAS) to measure individual and country differences for decades. However, the validity of the instrument has been barely assessed. The current study addressed the concurrent and content validity of four popular MAS items (justifiability of homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia). A sample of 493 Russians completed both MAS and the four validated multi-item scales. Results demonstrated that, except for the homosexuality item, the MAS items had low concurrent validity, explaining less than 50% of the variance of the corresponding multi-item scales. The MAS items underestimated the justifiability of homosexuality, prostitution, and suicide, and overestimated the justifiability of euthanasia. The MAS homosexuality item appeared to be a precise measure of attitude towards male (but not female) homosexuality, responses to the prostitution and suicide items overlooked the positive arguments and the euthanasia item tapped more into attitudes towards active euthanasia of a dying person. The four items showed strong dependence on the overall justifiability. We conclude that separate MAS items should be used with caution, given the detected content bias and the items’ strong link to non-specific overall justifiability.
mayang sari 175100024 seting DHCP server
Authors: mayangsari
Published: April 2019

DHCP adalah sebuah metoode pengalokasian secara otomatis IP address, netmask, default gateway, dan parameter lainnya. Jadi, pada sebuah jaringan yang tidak menggunakan DHCP harus mengatur secara manual alamat IP pada masing-masing klien. Tetapi hal itu tidak perlu dilakukan lagi, jika kita sudah menggunakan DHCP pada sebuah jaringan. DHCP Server, berarti perangkat yang menjalankan fitur ini akan bertindak sebagai pelayan dari para klien. Memberikan pinjaman IP address, netmask, gateway dan parameter lainnyaKata Kunci : CARA SETTING DHCP PADA SERVER
The Effect of First-Hand and Second-Hand Knowledge on Perceived Group Homogeneity and Certainty about Stereotype-Based Inferences
Authors: Vrantsidis Thalia , Cunningham William A.
Published: April 2019

Stereotypes are often used to make inferences about others, yet can lead to problematic consequences, which get exacerbated when people are more confident in these inferences. The current research examines whether biases in people’s first-hand and second-hand information about groups make groups appear overly homogeneous, leading to more confident inferences about group members. Supporting this, across two studies, groups appeared more homogeneous when people lacked first-hand information from personal experience with a group, and when stereotypes were based on second-hand information from the media or other people. However, only second-hand information increased confidence about group members, as lacking first-hand information reduced confidence about what groups and group members were like. Biases in homogeneity also had greater impact for typical rather than atypical group members. Thus, people may be especially confident in stereotype-based inferences when stereotypes are based on second-hand information, and when group members appear typical of their group.
MAKALAH MANAJEMEN PROYEK SI
Authors: aulina Lia
Published: April 2019

Banyak perusahaan di Indonesia sekarang dituntut untuk mempersiapkan diri dengan berbagai perangkat e-business sebagai bagian baru dari pola interaksinya dengan pelanggan, pemasok, dan karyawan. Salah satunya adalah PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero), sebagai perusahaan jasa pengiriman ternama di Indonesia.
TUGAS 3 JARINGAN KOMPUTER (MUHAMMAD ARIF 175100040) FUNGSI DHCP
Authors: arif muhammad
Published: April 2019

DHCP merupakan singkatan dari Dinamyc Host Configuration Protocol adalah sebuah layanan yang secara otomatis memberikan nomor IP kepada komputer yang memintanya. komputer yang memberikan nomor IP inilah yang disebut sebagai DHCP server, sedangkan komputer yang melakukan request disebut DHCP Client. fungsi DHCP Seperti yang sudah diterangkan. fungsi DHCP ini adalah dapat memberikan nomor IP secara otomatis kepada komputer yang melakukan request.DHCP memiliki fungsi utama mendistribusikan IP Address secara otomatis kepada setiap client yang terhubung dengan jaringan komputer.DHCP akan memberikan kemudahan bagi seorang network administrator dalam mengelola jaringan komputer, karena alokasi IP Address dapat di tentukan secara otomatis dan dalam satu kali kerja.DHCP server selain bisa memberikan IP Address secara dinamik atau otomatis , juga bisa memberikan IP Address secara statis kepada client yang terhubung ke jaringan komputer.DHCP memberikan kemudahan dalam proses komunikasi data antar komputer .Kata Kunci : Fungsi Dari DHCP
Librarians as methodological peer reviewers for systematic reviews: results of a survey
Authors: Grossetta Nardini Holly K. , Batten Janene , Funaro Melissa , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Nyhan Kate , Spak Judy M , Wang Lei , Glover Janis
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Developing a comprehensive, reproducible literature search is the basis for a high-quality systematic review (SR). Librarians and information professionals, as expert searchers, can improve the quality of systematic review searches, methodology, and reporting. Likewise, journal editors and authors often seek to improve the quality of published SRs and other evidence syntheses through peer review. Health sciences librarians contribute to systematic review production but little is known about their involvement in peer reviewing SR manuscripts.Methods:This survey aimed to assess how frequently librarians are asked to peer review systematic review manuscripts and to determine characteristics associated with those invited to review. The survey was distributed to a purposive sample through three health sciences information professional listservs. Results:There were 291 complete survey responses. Results indicated that 22% (n=63) of respondents had been asked by journal editors to peer review systematic review or meta-analysis manuscripts. Of the 78% (n=228) of respondents who had not already been asked, 54% (n=122) would peer review, and 41% (n=93) might peer review. Only 4% (n=9) would not review a manuscript. Respondents had peer reviewed manuscripts for 38 unique journals and believed they were asked because of their professional expertise. Of respondents who had declined to peer review (32%, n=20), the most common explanation was ‘not enough time’ (60%, n=12) followed by ‘lack of expertise’ (50%, n=10). The vast majority of respondents (95%, n=40) had ‘rejected or recommended a revision of a manuscript’ after peer review. They based their decision on the ‘search methodology’ (57%, n=36), ‘search write-up’ (46%, n=29), or ‘entire article’ (54%, n=34). Those who selected ‘other’ (37%, n=23) listed a variety of reasons for rejection, including problems or errors in the PRISMA flow diagram; tables of included, excluded, and ongoing studies; data extraction; reporting; and pooling methods. Conclusions:Despite being experts in conducting literature searches and supporting SR teams through the review process, few librarians have been asked to review SR manuscripts, or even just search strategies; yet many are willing to provide this service. Editors should involve experienced librarians with peer review and we suggest some strategies to consider.
Makalah Manajemen Proyeksi si
Authors: Sari Ranita
Published: April 2019

Jauh sebelum adanya teknologi computer, Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) telahdigunakan oleh para pemimpin organisasi atau perusahaan dalam upaya pengambilankeputusan. Namun demikian proses pengambilan keputusan,yang di lakukan saat itu sangatsederhana, segala sesuatunya masih berjalan secara manual karena semua data masihtersimpan dalam lembaran-lembaran arsip yang bermacam-macam.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI PERANGKAT DESA TENTANG DESA SIAGA DENGAN PELAKSANAAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DI DESA KADIPIRO SAMBIREJO SRAGEN TAHUN 2009
Authors: maydwiyurisantoso
Published: April 2019

Pembangunan kesehatan merupakan bagian integral dan terpenting dari pembangunan nasional. Satu di antara pembangunan kesehatan adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat yang bertumpu pada pencapaian desa sehat sebagai basisnya. Salah satu pihak yang diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan dalam pelaksanaan desa siaga adalah perangkat desa. Pelaksanaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat tersebut dapat diraih jika dilatarbelakngi dengan motivasi yang kuat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi perangkat desa tentang desa siaga dengan pelaksanaan perlaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelational dan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebnayak 38 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui motivasi perangkat desa tentang desa siaga dan pelaksanaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat adalah kuesioner terdiri dari 40 pertanyaan, analisa data menggunakan uji statistik rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat motivasi baik ada 19 responden (50,0%) dan pelaksaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat baik ada 22 responden (57,9%). Uji statistik dengan menggunakan rank spearman didapat nilai ρ < 0,05 atau 0,00 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak, jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara motivasi perangkat desa tentang desa siaga dengan pelaksanaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di Desa Kadipiro Sambirejo Sragen.
Monolingual and bilingual infants' word segmentation abilities in an inter-mixed dual-language task
Authors: Orena Adriel John , Polka Linda
Published: April 2019

Previous studies show that young monolingual infants use language-specific cues to segment words in their native language. Here, we asked whether 8 and 10-month-old infants (N = 84) have the capacity to segment words in a bilingual context. Infants heard an English-French mixed passage that contained one target word in each language, and were then tested on their recognition of the two target words. The English-monolingual and French-monolingual infants showed evidence of segmentation in their native language, but not in the other unfamiliar language. As a group, the English-French bilingual infants segmented in both of their native languages; however, closer examination suggest that language mixing affects word segmentation capabilities. Taken together, these results indicate a close relation between early language experience and speech processing.
Making the black box transparent: A template and tutorial for (pre-)registration of studies using Experience Sampling Methods (ESM)
Authors: Kirtley Olivia J , Lafit Ginette , Achterhof Robin , Hiekkaranta Anu Pauliina , Myin-Germeys Inez
Published: April 2019

A growing interest in understanding complex and dynamic psychological processes as they occur in everyday life has led to an increase in studies using Ambulatory Assessment techniques, including the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). There are, however, numerous “forking paths” and researcher degrees of freedom, even beyond those typically encountered with other research methodologies. Whilst a number of researchers working with ESM techniques are actively engaged in efforts to increase the methodological rigor and transparency of such research, currently, there is little routine implementation of open science practices in ESM research. In the current paper, we discuss the ways in which ESM research is especially vulnerable to threats to transparency, reproducibility and replicability. We propose that greater use of (pre-)registration, a cornerstone of open science, may address some of these threats to the transparency of ESM research. (Pre-)registration of ESM research is not without challenges, including model selection, accounting for potential model convergence issues and the use of pre-existing datasets. As these may prove to be significant barriers to (pre-)registration for ESM researchers, we also discuss ways of overcoming these challenges and of documenting them in a (pre-)registration. A further challenge is that current general templates do not adequately capture the unique features of ESM. Here we present a (pre-)registration template for ESM research, adapted from the original Pre-Registration Challenge (Mellor et al., 2019) and pre-registration of pre-existing data (van den Akker et al., 2020) templates, and provide examples of how to complete this.
Doing Comparative Research on Local Politics
Authors: Steyvers Kristof
Published: April 2019

Zagovara se potreba strožeg i sustavnijeg pristupa komparativnim istraživanjima lokalne politike, tj. istraživanjima koja se bave akterima, instrumentima, institucijama i procesima u lokalnom sustavu upravljanja. Navode se prednosti takvog pristupa (prisutne kad se metodologija istraživanja bavi deskriptivnim, eksplanativnim i pragmatičkim pitanjima) kao i njegovi nedostaci (mnogobrojne teorije srednjeg dometa i kompromisi nužno prisutni u metodologiji komparativnih istraživanja).Rad nudi pregled komparativnih istraživanja lokalne politike te specificira tri razvojne faze. Prve dvije faze se bave izazovom klasifikacije (gdje postoje deskriptivnija i eksplanativnija varijanta, a obje imaju temelje u starom institucionalizmu), dok se treća faza bavi teorijskim razvojem (i opis i objašnjenje imaju temelj u novom institucionalizmu). Za svaku se fazu navodi jedan ili više reprezentativnih slučajeva kako bi se predočila složenost i dostignuća svake faze. Što se tiče klasifikacije, u radu se nastoji prikazati kako klasični kategorijski pristup usmjeren na zapadne zemlje polako postaje raznovrsniji i uključuje slučajeve iz ostalih dijelova Europe. Istodobno postupno jača prisutnost unutarupravne perspektive, ponekad u kombinaciji s njenim ranijim ekvivalentom u integriranijim oblicima lokalne demokracije. Što se tiče teorijskog razvoja, dolazi do prijelaza s koncepta vladanja (governing) i njegovih varijanti na governance koncept te se suvremene analize sve se više bave posljedicama empirijski dokazanog udaljavanja od koncepta vladanja. Rad također nudi nekoliko prijedloga za poboljšanje istraživanja, posebno u pogledu tumačenja (primjerice višerazinsko s fokusom na lokalno upravljanje), teorija (predlaže se razvoj i provjera empirijskih implikacija ili prijedloga koji će biti održivi na više razina i unutar razina), oblikovanja (predlaže se iskoristiti dodanu vrijednost brojnosti i blizine predmeta istraživanja) i mjerenja (bavljenje pitanjima ekvivalencije).
On the material characteristics of a high carbon cast austenitic stainless steel after solution annealing followed by quenching in a CNT nanofluid
Authors: Pour-Ali Sadegh , Kiani-Rashid Ali-Reza , Babakhani Abolfazl , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Hejazi Seyedsina , Davoodi Ali , Nazarnejatizadeh Afshin , Teimourinejad Hashem
Published: April 2019

Solution annealing followed by quenching in carbon nanotubes (QCNT) nanofluid treatment was applied to generate very high interstitial carbon content,≈0.30 wt.%, in an austenitic stainless steel (ASS). The high interstitial carbon content leads to remarkable improvement in mechanical properties with essentially no loss of ductility, with no chromium carbides and/or martensite formation. To evaluate the localized corrosion tendency and passivity behavior, 3.5 wt.% NaCl and borate buffer solutions were used, respectively. Based on the electrochemical corrosion results, both high carbon and low carbon (0.030 wt.%) QCNT-treated ASS alloys show comparable passivity and localized corrosion performance. In addition, Mott–Schottky plots revealed that the anodic films on QCNT-treated samples exhibit similar semiconducting characters.
Cranial bones study using a smartphone augmented reality app
Authors: Paladines Rodríguez Joffre , Tettamanti Montalván Daniel Nicolás
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Cranium is a mobile application that uses augmented reality, which serves as a means of support for the medical student to study the bones of the skull. Objective to improve this situation while raising interest in the subject in students without replacing the aforementioned book. Materials and methods A qualitative research is proposed, divided into three phases: identification, development of augmented application and evaluation with the users of the developed application, for which surveys and in-depth interviews are used to collect information. Results87% indicates the great need to implement new technologies in education. Discussionat the icon level of the application was very well qualified with only a small observation to modify it a bit its aspect Conclusions make changes that will help the application to be more pleasant and functional for users
Glycotoxins: a possible threat to health?
Authors: Odetti P. , Monacelli F.
Published: April 2019

AGEs are produced by a nonenzymatic glycation process called the Maillard reaction which involves the condensation of a reducing sugar or an aldehydic group and a protein amino group, with the formation of a series of reactive intermediates leading to stable, irreversible, seldom fluorescent, compounds known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The reaction occurs both in food during heating and in animal and human tissues. During the heating of food containing sugars, lipids and proteins, nonenzymatic protein browning reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of a large series of compounds, which include the melanoidins and other AGEs. Accumulation of AGEs in the cells and in the extracellular matrix in animals is also observed; it is age-dependent, is related to cell or tissue turnover and is species-specific. These processes are accelerated in chronic diseases in which the production of pathogenetic AGEs and their accumulation rate are increased. The two research fields, the Maillard reaction in food chemistry and the glycation cascade in medicine, ran in parallel independently for a long time, but recently a new scientific society (the International Maillard Reaction Society, IMARS) has opened the way for an exciting fusion of knowledge. Pioneering studies resulted in concerns about the non-negligible bioavailability of dietary AGEs and related plasma concentrations in humans, and there are now claims that dietary AGEs may be toxic because of their bioreactivity in different chronic diseases. This has been confirmed by several studies in animals and in humans (AGEs-restricted diets resulted in a reduction of serum and tissue AGEs, related AGE receptors, inflammatory cells, and proatherosclerotic factors) and by in vitro studies on cells in culture. In view of the emerging evidence of a pathogenetic role of glycotoxins, an assessment of the benefits of a shift to a specific nutritional approach (the Mediterranean diet being the healthiest in terms of the low amount of AGEs and high amount of antioxidants) and an innovative therapeutic approach, aimed at directly breaking AGEs molecules or reversing their impaired gut absorption to favour their renal or faecal excretion, may be warranted. At any rate, a new scientific field is open for an interdisciplinary debate (involving chemists, geriatricians, and specialists in metabolic disorders, diabetes, and diet) paving the way for possible, remarkable clinical progress.
Virgin olive oil: a key healthy component of the Mediterranean diet
Authors: Mataix José , Battino Maurizio , Ramirez-Tortosa M. Carmen , Bertoli Enrico , Quiles José L.
Published: April 2019

Oxidative stress is in the basis of some diseases such as atherosclerosis, and is considered to be very important from the point of view of ageing. Biological membranes are very sensitive to oxidative stress because the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds in the lipid tails of their phospholipids. The type of dietary fat influences several biochemical parameters at the membrane level because membranes adapt their lipid composition to some extent in response to dietary fat. It is well know that dietary fat may modulate membrane susceptibility to oxidation, thus probably affecting in a direct or indirect way the susceptibility to oxidative stress-related phenomena. In this review we summarize more than 15 years of research on the role of dietary fat, namely virgin olive oil, from the point of view of mitochondrial oxidative stress, ageing and atherosclerosis prevention.
New nutritional approach to inflammatory bowel disease: the nutraceuticals
Authors: Taus Marina , Busni Debora , Petrelli Massimiliano D. , Nicolai Albano
Published: April 2019

The clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by periods of quiescent disease interspersed with episodes of active inflammation; consequently, malabsorption and malnutrition are the most important problems in IBD patients. It has been widely demonstrated that nutritional support allows more tolerability both to drugs and surgery therapy increases the duration of remission. Among enteral formula enriched in specific nutraceuticals like glutamine or transforming growth factor β2 used in IBD, we tested those enriched with omega 3, soluble fibre and arginine. We observed a high compliance and a statistically significant improvement of symptoms, nutritional status, inflammatory index and Crohn's disease activity index. A specific nutritional intervention, in particular specific enteral nutrition formula, is essential in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition caused by IBD.
Nutritional and health properties of pulses
Authors: Dilis Vardis , Trichopoulou Antonia
Published: April 2019

Pulses represent one of the most important food categories that have been extensively used as staple foods to cover basic protein and energy needs throughout the history of humanity. In addition to their low lipid and high dietary fibre content, emerging evidence stresses the importance of pulses as carriers of several constituents of potential biological importance, including enzyme inhibitors, lectins, phytates, oxalates, polyphenols, saponins and phytosterols. Investigations in humans suggest that pulses may contribute to human health and well-being, mostly through prevention of coronary heart disease and possibly diabetes. The mechanisms responsible for this apparently protective role may include a favourable influence on blood lipids and glucose. The nutritional value of pulses, which are a key component of the traditional Mediterranean diet, is not generally recognised and is frequently under-appreciated.
Development and application of a simple and powerful tool for nutrition and lifestyle education for the Italian general population by general practitioners and family paediatricians
Authors: Festi Davide , Colecchia Antonio , Pini Susy , Scaioli Eleonora , Maffeis Claudio , Coccheri Sergio , Petroni M. Letizia
Published: April 2019

The role of general practitioners (GPs) and family paediatricians (FPs) in nutrition education and counselling for the general population is crucial. However, time constraints, insufficient knowledge and lack of suitable educational instruments have so far prevented family doctors from having an active role in this respect. In this paper the project “Osservatorio Nutrizionale Grana Padano (ON-GP)”, launched in 2005, an innovative and powerful tool for nutritional education and epidemiological monitoring by GPs and FPs, is described. GPs and FPs agreed to participate on a voluntary basis and were from all Italian regions. So far, since 2005, over 17,250 subjects (6306 children and 10,944 adults) have been surveyed by 346 GPs and 207 paediatricians. In addition to the possibility of free use of the software for clinical and educational purposes, GPs and FPs are also invited to take part in epidemiological research in order to build a nationwide database. The results of the survey are disseminated on an annual basis to family doctors and as a press release to the media, together with messages of nutrition education targeted to the general population. The success of the project so far – beyond all expectations – has prompted the planning of further improvements.
Mutagens and carcinogens in drinking water
Authors: Sciacca Salvatore , Conti Gea Oliveri
Published: April 2019

Water is the basic constituent of all living beings; it is, therefore, an essential dietary element and a primary resource. The D. Lgs. 31/2001 is the Italian standard reference concerning drinking-water issues. The purpose of this article is, firstly, to highlight that chlorination, as a water purifying treatment, does not guarantee an absolute absence of risk. On the contrary, it causes the formation of various by-products, many of which are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. Secondly, some drinking-water pollutants have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, giving an appreciable risk for the user. As a result, water reserves, because of their importance to public health, should be properly safeguarded and protected to prevent possible contamination. Although disinfection brings about mutagenic and carcinogenic molecules, we cannot do without it if we want to prevent the much more severe risks due to the presence of pathogens in water used for human consumption.
A nationally representative survey of hospital malnutrition: the Italian PIMAI (Project: Iatrogenic MAlnutrition in Italy) study
Authors: Lucchin Lucio , D'Amicis Amleto , Gentile Maria Gabriella , Battistini Nino Carlo , Fusco Maria Antonia , Palmo Augusta , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Contaldo Franco , Cereda Emanuele ,   the PIMAI Group
Published: April 2019

Hospital malnutrition is high in every country it was investigated, but no nationally representative prevalence study, considering potential geographical interfering factors, has yet been performed. We designed a multidisciplinary, cross-sectional, nation-wide survey: the PIMAI study (Project: Iatrogenic MAlnutrition in Italy). Adult (>18 years old) patient inclusion was managed on a four-strata randomisation model according to sex and age (<65 and ≥65 years). Malnutrition was defined by analytical criteria related to recent food intake and both physical (body mass index, weight loss, midupper arm anthropometry) and biochemical (albumin, prealbumin and lymphocyte count) malnutrition correlates. Thirteen hospitals (n = 1583) completed the study. The survey is likely to represent the country of Italy. Overall prevalence of malnutrition was 30.7%, with higher rates in the northern macroarea (36.7%) than in central (28.0%), southern (26.9%) and island (16.7%) ones (p < 0.0001). This discrepancy appeared to be mainly related to the prevalence of overweight/obesity. By a multivariate model, malnutrition was significantly lower in males (p < 0.05) and surgical wards (p < 0.002), associated with geography (p < 0.05) and consistently higher in patients aged ≥65 years (p < 0.01), presenting with malignancies (p < 0.005) and having multidrug therapy (p < 0.05). The prevalence of hospital malnutrition is high also in Italy. It presents with different geographical distribution also according to overweight prevalence. This evidence should be considered when designing national nutritional policies.
Nutrition-linked chronic disease and periodontitis: are they the two faces of the same coin?
Authors: Morillo Juan Manuel , Bullon Pedro , Ramirez-Tortosa María del Carmen , Quiles José Luis , Newman Hubert N. , Bertoli Enrico , Battino Maurizio
Published: April 2019

There is increasing evidence of a relationship between periodontitis and several nutrition-linked chronic conditions, such as obesity, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome, with a putative bidirectional influence between periodontal disease and each condition. An association between several dietary factors and the progression of periodontitis is relevant to this relationship. Thus, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, lactic acid foods, soy products and a diet rich in vegetables and fresh food appear to be favourable for better periodontal health, whereas a lipid-rich diet may be detrimental to periodontal tissues.
Fatty acid, triglyceride and tocopherol composition of Algerian Argan (Argania spinosa) fruit seed lipids
Authors: Yousfi Mohamed , Bombarda Isabelle , Hamia Chahrazed , Djeridane Amar , Stocker Pierre , Gaydou Emile
Published: April 2019

The main focus of the present work is the analytical study of the fatty acid, triglyceride (TAG) and tocopherol composition of oil extract from the fruit of Algerian tree Argania spinosa. The four dominant fatty acids (FA) found in the oil are: oleic C18:1 (52.86%), linoleic C18:2 (25.0%), palmitic C16:0 (14.65%) and stearic C18:0 (7.06%). The distribution of FA between the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions of TAG from the oil was also determined. Unsaturated FA showed a preference for the internal position, as generally found in vegetable oils. The TAG composition was calculated using the lipase hydrolysis. The oil was found to contain trisaturated (0.47%), disaturated (9.3%), monosaturated (43.95%) and triunsaturated (45.20%) FA. Flash chromatography with solvent of increasing polarity yielded 83.42% neutral lipids, 1.56% glycolipids and 2.09% phospholipids. The oil was characterised by a relatively high amount of tocopherols (1027.8 mg/kg). The (γ+β)-tocopherols were the major isomers, with the rest being α- and δ-tocopherols.
Sagittal abdominal diameter: comparison with waist circumference and its prediction of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Donini Lorenzo M. , Scavone Luciano , Savina Claudia , Coletti Cecilia , Paolini Maddalena , Tempera Settimio , Neri Barbara , De Felice Maria Rosaria , Pinto Alessandro , Cannella Carlo
Published: April 2019

Background: For an “in the field” estimate of visceral adiposity, simple, inexpensive, non-invasive and highly repetitive methods are needed. The anthropometric measurement most commonly used as an indicator for visceral fat deposits is waist circumference (W). Nevertheless, there are some doubts with regard to the anatomic landmark points where the evaluation needs to be carried out. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is another anthropometric measurement that has been proposed for the estimation of visceral fat. Objective: The aims of the study are to evaluate intra- and inter-operator variability of the estimation of the SAD compared to W; correlate SAD to other anthropometric parameters and to factors involved in the metabolic syndrome (MS); and identify the values for the estimation of the SAD able to classify different risk levels with respect to the MS. Methods: Ninety-five subjects at the Metabolic and Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit “Villa delle Querce” in Nemi were selected. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were collected. The presence of a MS was detected. Intra- and inter-operator variability in the measurement of W and SAD and the predictive capacity of SAD in the estimation of the risk for MS were calculated. Results: The main results achieved were reduced intra- and inter-operator variability in the measurement of SAD compared to W; confirmation of the correlations between SAD and the anthropometric parameters as indicators of a higher fat mass; and good predictive capacity of SAD towards MS (cut-off points: 22.2 cm for men and 19.5 cm for women).