bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To perceive, to conceive, to image: An attempt to reframe future designers’ preconceptions
Authors: Maggio Tommaso
Published: February 2018

Gary Zukav suggested that we consider reality what we take to be true, what we believe and that is based on our perception (1979). If we assume that this is the case, then we might try to use tangible and intangible tools to reframe our preconception. As human beings we are trying to maintain the relation between our body and soma. In the same way someone might try to understand the body–mind coupling as oneness of duality, in other words not two and not one. Furthermore, we can only use our senses to fulfil what is the present, the now. The now action will lead us to a specific scenario. As history has taught us, social and technological innovations have driven human beings to often perceive themselves as the spark of industrial revolution: an ideal salvation for the most urgent issues. Then, it might be acceptable to consider the marriage between art and science as a tool to achieve a sort of soteriological reward. In the same way, if additive art is object oriented then we might be allowed to explore how the applied arts under the design dimension, as practice and research, are struggling in the search for a new spirituality. Moreover the quest for design education, combined with the analysis of post-dramatic theatre and participatory design, has raised the question of how an alternative basic design course could heighten self- and collective consciousness through an approach based on the relation of body–soma. It is noted that design education, since the initiation of Bauhaus Art School, was considered the ideal path to deliver a physical outcome that represented the balance between art, technology and science, while from a philosophical point of view we can recognise the following as a subtle suggestion on what design education should expand its search: ‘to perceive, to conceive, to image: such are indeed the three types of consciousness by which the same object can be given to us’ (Sartre 1940: 8). Tracing connections between Sartre’s idea and the blend of post-dramatic theatre with participatory design into arts education, this article will describe experiments that aim to break down design students’ preconception: a dimension where the process of fabricated realities became the main outcome, the body–soma dialogues struggling to gain the perpetual unbalance. Experiments were conducted at the micro–macro scale, in a non-tactile society, where, for most people, the practice of Buddhism is embedded in daily life. This article aims to underline how an alternative approach to design education in South East Asia could be the building blocks to develop a reflection, an open-ended dialogue on network effect and the self.
The bird in brackets: Arguments for artistic research from a writer’s perspective
Authors: Dürig Regina
Published: February 2018

What can writing, the literary perspective, contribute towards the academic discourse? How can literature describe or explore the world we experience? In this article I argue that the essential porousness, the cuts and in-betweens of the world that are embodied in the poetic writing (and reading as writing) process not only embrace the absence of an objective reality or truth but also the subjectivity, the ephemeral and the ineffable as a general (postmodern) condition.
Post-human affects and the biopolitics of eroticism: Emerging bio-art movements in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hung-Han , Lin Pei-Ying
Published: February 2018

BioArt has become an umbrella term for art practices utilizing biotechnology and living matter. Pioneering BioArt creations erode the boundaries between science and art, provoking a series of social and cultural debates. BioArtists deprive the pragmatic function of biotechnology and alter life itself. However, BioArt is an art practice strongly tied to the development of biotechnologies and evolving bio-media. The increasing familiarity of biotechnologies enables the creative works to evolve as technologies evolve. This article aims to contextualize the issues presented in the artworks by two artists based in Taiwan, Kuang-Yi Ku and Pei-Ying Lin, who adapted emerging biotechnologies for their artworks. This article attempts to use affect theory as a lens to observe post-biological artworks and suggests that the Autonomy of Affect, the postmodern power after ideology, should play a significant role in their works.
Augmented humanity
Authors: Moritz Juergen
Published: February 2018

Augmented Reality (AR) is commonly defined as a digital layer of information viewed on top of the physical world through a smartphone, tablet or eyewear. Increasingly, this understanding of AR is shifting to a dynamic framework of ‘smart things’, including wearable technology, sensors and artificial intelligence (AI), with the ability to intercede in key moments and to deliver contextual and meaningful experiences. The things that come into context are the logical next steps in an evolutionary development towards computers that are better able to show empathy in relation to people: even more human-oriented, anticipative and ubiquitous. Thus, this outsourcing of meaning to empathic technologies points to one of the fundamental questions concerning the relation of human and technology – the nature of the trust that users place in technology.
Meta-reference in media arts and the interactive instantiation of non-digital artworks
Authors: Kelomees Raivo
Published: February 2018

The aim of this article is to analyse interactive reinterpretations of two of Raul Meel’s artworks. They were created after the original works were made; they reference the original artworks and are meta-referential. These reinterpretations allow the original artworks to be opened and explained and become instantiations of their algorithmic content. The questions that arise in this article are as follows: how can physical artworks be opened up for audiences by means of interactive emulations? How can this serve to document and preserve the unique experience of the artist? The aim of this article, in addition to the practical analysis of the two case studies, is to discuss the wider context of the problems of meta-artworks and the following direct questions that arise out of analysing them as research objects. I analyse in detail a selection of media artworks in which meta-referentiality is foregrounded. A focal point of my discussion is an interactive emulation of Raul Meel’s Under the Sky, which was created for his biggest retrospective exhibition entitled Dialogues with Infinity (2014) at the Kumu Art Museum in Tallinn. My second object of interest is the mobile app ‘seeESE’ based on Meel’s installation The Dice, shown in the same exhibition at the Kumu museum in 2014, of which the original version dates back to 1969.
Investigating the relationship between college students’ views of reality and their usage of photographic manipulation
Authors: Huang Yi-hui
Published: February 2018

Some photography students choose to manipulate their photographs with computers to come closer to expressing their vision; others, despite having the option to modify their photographs, avoid post-editing and leave their photographs as is. Prior research has suggested that artists’ epistemologies are manifested in their artwork; this study investigates how the views of young college students or the so-called Generation Z regarding reality lead to their manipulation styles in photographs. This study presents four college students from my photography manipulation classes from 2013 to 2015. It describes their work, interprets their layers of reality and seeks relationships between their views and work. The study provides philosophical grounding for students’ choices of style, which have implications for how manipulated photographs can be studied and how photographic manipulation can be taught.
Open art education: Analysis of visual art teaching and learning websites
Authors: Wang Tingting Windy
Published: February 2018

A review of the literature has indicated that visual art learners and art teachers frequently use website resources in art teaching and learning activities. However, questions such as what websites art learners and art teachers are using and what technologies and tools are utilized in these websites remains unclear. This study offered insights into how use of technologies and tools actually took place, which might change how people teach and learn about art. Over 70 visual art teaching and learning-related websites were collected and evaluated using seven structured criteria. The top ten rated art teaching and learning websites were described and the common characteristics of technological features of these websites were analysed.
Challenging the cult of normalcy: Arts education and transdisciplinary practices
Authors: Tobias-Green Karen
Published: February 2018

I am interested in art education as a transdisciplinary practice that embraces a variety of mediums and world-views and in how, through transdisciplinarity, art education challenges the cult of normalcy. The normalization of the individual is a limiting, destructive and pedagogically unsound basis from which to pursue any kind of education and particularly one where the contribution of the individual is as central as it is in art education. The adoption of a transdisciplinary practice can be liberating on a personal, an artistic and a pedagogic level.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet
Published: February 2018

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,

I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with 8th Volume 2nd Issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG). I hope you could find time to have a rest after your busy schedule. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.

There has been 51 articles sent for publication to our journal. I'm pleased to inform you in this issue that the journal's h-index rose to 16. This is good news for our journal and country. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.

One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.

As always, we present the six articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.

Sincerely yours,
Research on correlation and relationship between graphic literacy activities, decision making abilities and concept learning of third grade students
Ortaokul 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin grafik okuryazarlığı etkinlikleri ile karar verme becerileri ve kavram öğrenmeleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: Talaslıoğlu Seyide Senanur , Şahin Fatma
Published: February 2018

A period in which we are in that the information is becoming increasingly important. Today, progress and development follow each other. Thus literacy concepts have gained importance and have begun to diversify in line with the needs of individuals. One of these varied literacy is graphic literacy. Visual literacy is at the forefront together with graphic literacy. The aim of this study was to improve the graphic literacy of 7th grade students of middle school with Graphic literacy activities. In the study, pre-test-post-test control group research model was used from the quasi-experimental research models. In 2015-2016 academic year, study was conducted on the students in the central school in Yunak, Konya. A total of 45 students were surveyed, consisting of 21 students in the experimental group and 24 students in control groups. While the control group learns as the curriculum requires, in the experimental group students continued to use the graphic literacy activities besides the courses. A study was conducted by a researcher for a total of 8 weeks. It is seen that the relationship between decision making skills and concept learning in this study, which is made by using graphical literacy activities, is in a positive direction.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özetİçinde bulunduğumuz dönem bilginin giderek arttığı ve önem kazandığı bir devirdir. Günümüzde ilerleme ve gelişmeler birbirini takip etmektedir. Böylece okuryazarlık kavramları önem kazanmaya ve bireylerin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda çeşitlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu çeşitlenen okuryazarlıklardan birisi de grafik okuryazarlığıdır. Grafik okuryazarlığı ile birlikte görsellik ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Grafik okuryazarlık etkinlikleri ile ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin grafik okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma yarı deneysel araştırma modellerinden biri olan ön test- son test kontrol gruplu araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır.2015-2016 Eğitim öğretim yılı Konya ili Yunak ilçesinde merkez okulda öğrenim gören öğrenciler üzerinde çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney grubu içerisinde 21 kontrol grubu içerisinde 24 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 45 öğrenci üzerinde araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubu öğrencileri müfredatın gerektirdiği gibi öğrenim görürken deney grubu öğrencilerinde ise derslerin yanında grafik okuryazarlık etkinlikleri kullanılarak ders işlenmeye devam edilmiştir. Toplam 8 hafta süren bir çalışma araştırmacı tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Grafik okuryazarlık etkinliklerinden yararlanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada karar verme becerileriyle ve kavram öğrenmeleriyle olan ilişkinin olumlu yönde olduğu görülmüştür.
Analysis of Health Service Payment Utilization in National Health Insurance (JKN) by Premium-Aid-Recipient (PBI) Insurers
Authors: Gustaman Rian Arie , Bachtiar Kamiel Roesman
Published: February 2018

Abstrak

Salah satu temuan dalam evaluasi pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) pada 2 tahun pertama adalah tingginya rasio klaim pada pelayanan rawat jalan tingkat lanjutan pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Lanjutan (FKTL). Biaya pelayanan kesehatan rill per jiwa pada peserta Non PBI Mandiri adalah sebesar Rp282.139,00 jauh lebih besar dari rata - rata besaran Per Orang Per bulan sebesar Rp27.062,00. Rasio klaim pada pool Non PBI Mandiri adalah sebesar 1380%. Ini berbanding terbalik dengan peserta PBI yang pemanfaatan yankes masih jauh di bawah yang seharusnya dengan rasio klaim yang sangat rendah. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pola pemanfaatan jaminan pembiayaan kesehatan era JKN pada peserta PBI untuk mengetahui gambaran   determinan   yang   mempengaruhinya dan   menghasilkan   rekomendasi terhadap perbaikan kebijakan pembiayaan kesehatan masyarakat sektor informal non miskin dan miskin yang diharapkan dapat mendukung upaya perluasan kepesertaan menuju kesehatan masyarakat semesta. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengenai gambaran peresepsi masyarakat tentang program JKN dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan partisipan, keaktifan partisipan dalam mengikuti organisasi, serta adanya tindakan penyuluhan mengenai program JKN.
The Correlation between Junk Food Consumption and Age of Menarche of Elementary School Student In Gedung Johor Medan
Authors: Anita Surya , Simanjuntak Yunida Turisna
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Acceleration age of menarche, can increase the chances of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of uterine and breast cancer are associated with early menarche. Junk food is indicated as one of the triggers of early menarche. With observational-analytic research and case-control research design, it was conducted to determine the effect of junk food in early menarche at elementary school student. The population of the study was the 6th grade elementary school students who had been menstruated, yet the sample was chosen randomly. Data collected using questionnaires, also measuring weight and height, then analysed using chi-square. The results shows a relationship between junk food consumption with early menarche incidence (p = 0.021) and OR 1.889. This is due to the high consumption patterns of junk food/fast food in teenages. Affected by behavioral patterns of people who tend to choose practical food, easy to get and ready to eat.

 

ABSTRAK

Percepatan usia menarche dapat memperbesar peluang terjadI hyperplasia endometrium. Insiden kanker uterus dan kanker payudara dihubungkan dengan menarche dini.  Junk food diindikasi sebagai salah satu pemicu menarche dini. Dengan penelitian observasional-analitik dan desain penelitian case-control, dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh junk food pada menarche dini di usia SD. Populasi penelitian adalah siswi SD kelas VI yang sudah haid /belum, sampel dipilih secara random. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada siswi, menimbang berat badan serta  mengukur tinggi badan. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian bahwa ada hubungan konsumsi junk food dengan kejadian menarche dini (p=0,021) dan OR 1,889. Hal ini disebabkan Tingginya pola konsumsi junk food/fast food  pada remaja dipengaruhi oleh pola perilaku masyarakat yang cenderung memilih makanan praktis, mudah didapat dan siap saji.
A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai és diagnosztikai szerepe mellékvesekéreg-carcinomában
Authors: Nagy Zoltán , Decmann Ábel , Perge Pál , Igaz Péter
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

Adrenocortical tumours are quite prevalent. Most of these tumours are benign, hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Rare hormone-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are associated with severe clinical consequences, whereas the prognosis of the rare adrenocortical cancer is rather poor in its advanced stages. The pathogenesis of these tumours is only partly elucidated. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are pivotal in the regulation of several basic cell biological processes via the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their altered expression has been described in many tumours. Several tissue microRNAs, such as miR-483-5p, miR-503, miR-210, miR-335 and miR-195 were found to be differentially expressed among benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours, and these could also have pathogenic relevance. Due to their tissue specific and stable expression, microRNAs can be exploited in diagnostics as well. As the histological diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy is difficult, microRNAs might be of help in the establishment of malignancy. Novel data show that microRNAs are secreted in various body fluids, projecting their applicability as biomarkers as part of liquid biopsy. In this review, we attempt to present a synopsis on the pathogenic relevance of microRNAs in adrenocortical tumours and their potential diagnostic applicability. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 245–251.
Paradigmaváltás a csontmetasztázisok sebészetében. II. Gerincmetasztázisok kezelése
Authors: Lazáry Áron , Szövérfi Zsolt , Varga Péter Pál
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

The incidence of spinal metastases is constantly growing, but due to the advancements in oncologic treatment methods, the survival and the quality of life of the patients are persistently improving. Choosing the optimal treatment method is essential, and several factors should be considered: type of the primary tumor, segmental stability, the symptoms caused by the metastasis and the general condition of the patient. Using modern radiotherapeutic methods combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive stabilization, separation surgery) in the majority of patients permits adequate local control with low complication rate. In our review, we describe the state-of-the-art, modern spinal metastasis treatment options based on the recently published evidence. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 297–302.
Diabeteses kisér-károsodás vizsgálata optikai koherencia tomográfián alapuló angiográfiával
Authors: Czakó Cecília , Sándor Gábor László , Ecsedy Mónika , Szepessy Zsuzsanna , Borbándy Ágnes , Resch Miklós , Papp András , Récsán Zsuzsa , Horváth Hajnalka , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Kovács Illés
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that is able to visualize the different retinal vascular layers using motion contrast to detect blood flow without intravenous dye injection. This method might help to assess microangiopathy in diabetic retinopathy during screening and follow-up. Aim: To quantify retinal microvasculature alterations in both eyes of diabetic patients in relation to systemic risk factors using optical coherence tomography angiography. Method: Both eyes of 36 diabetic patients and 45 individuals without diabetes were examined. Duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, blood pressure, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, axial length and the presence of diabetic retinopathy were recorded. Retinal vessel density was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. The effect of risk factors on vessel density and between-eye asymmetry was assessed using multivariable regression analysis. Results: Vessel density was significantly lower and between-eye difference was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Both vessel density and between-eye asymmetry significantly correlated with diabetes duration (p<0.05) after controlling for the effect of risk factors. The between-eye asymmetry in vessel density was significantly higher in patients without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a decrease in retinal vessel density and an increase in between-eye asymmetry in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects. By using optical coherence tomography angiography, the detection of these microvascular alterations is possible before clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy and might serve as a useful tool in both screening and timing of treatment. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 320–326.
A laryngealis electromyographia szerepe a hangszalag-mozgászavarok diagnosztikájában és az alkalmazott kezelés kiválasztásában
Authors: Bach Ádám , Sztanó Balázs , Kiss József Géza , Volk Gerd Fabian , Müller Andreas , Pototschnig Claus , Rovó László
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

The development of the therapeutic possibilities of vocal cord immobility necessitated the parallel renewal of diagnostic methods. In the last years, laryngeal electromyography, which was first introduced more than 70 years ago, has been re-discovered. After reviewing the international literature and their own experience, the authors present the indications, technical requirements, method and, particularly, the evaluation of the results of this procedure. Laryngeal electromyography makes the differentiation between mechanical fixation and immobility with neurological origin of the vocal folds possible. In case of laryngeal paralysis/paresis it also evaluates objectively the severity of neural injury, the prognosis of the disease and the necessity of any glottis-widening procedure. The widespread application of dynamic rehabilitation interventions is not conceivable without the routine application of laryngeal electromyography, so this sensitive diagnostic tool has to be introduced in all laryngological centers. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 303–311.
Extraadrenalis glükokortikoidszintézis
Authors: Szappanos Ágnes , Mészáros Katalin , Nagy Zsolt , Kövesdi Annamária , Likó István , Kiss Emese , Tóth Miklós , Patócs Attila
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

Endogenous glucocorticoids exert a diverse array of physiological processes and play an important role in immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland is regulated through two mechanisms. Systemic regulation is substantiating by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, a tissue-specific local regulatory system, containing the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme responsible for local glucocorticoid synthesis and the glucocorticoid receptor, has also been demonstrated. Based on the recent evidences, an extra-adrenal corticosteroid synthesis exists in various tissues. Steroidogenic enzymes necessary for this de novo corticosteroid synthesis have been observed in the skin, intestine, thymus and possibly in the brain, heart and lung. These locally synthesized steroids most likely act in an autocrine and paracrine manner and their regulation is mediated by local regulatory loops. The importance of this de novo corticosteroid synthesis seems to be important in the regulation of local homeostasis, immune processes and tissue-specific inflammatory reactions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 260–268.
Genetikai tényezők a hypopituitarismus kialakulásában. A transzkripciós faktorok szerepe az agyalapimirigy-elégtelenség hátterében
Authors: Tőke Judit , Bertalan Rita , Gergics Péter , Halász Zita
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

Developmental disorders affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system can result in pituitary hormone deficiency showing a diverse clinical presentation. A significant majority of these disorders are closely linked to defects in transcription factor genes which play a major role in pituitary development. Those affecting the early phase of organogenesis typically lead to complex conditions affecting the pituitary as well as structures in the central nervous system. Transcription factors involved in the late phase can result in combined but rarely isolated pituitary hormone deficiency without extra-pituitary manifestation. Identifying the defects in these pituitary transcription factor genes may provide a useful tool in predicting disease progression as well as screening family members. Several pituitary transcription factors can be detected in the adult gland as well which is strongly emphasized in the World Health Organization’s most recent guideline for pituitary tumor classification. Our review summarizes the current essential knowledge relevant for clinical endocrinologists. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 278–284.
Molekuláris genetikai vizsgálatok az örökletes endokrinológiai tumor szindrómák klinikai diagnosztikájában
Authors: Sarkadi Balázs , Grolmusz Vince Kornél , Butz Henriett , Kövesdi Annamária , Likó István , Nyirő Gábor , Igaz Péter , Patócs Attila
Published: February 2018

Abstract:

The common features of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes or multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) are the association of various tumours of different endocrine organs in one patient or within the same family. Different types can be distinguished from among which type 1 and type 2 are the most common. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant, meaning that there is a 50% chance to inherit the pathogenic alteration. The pathogenic variants of genes responsible for MEN syndromes have also been identified in sporadic endocrine tumours and many cases initially referred to as sporadic have been later categorized as familiar based on genetic analysis. The main role of the molecular genetic analysis in these syndromes is to identify the pathogenic variant, then, after appropriate genetic counseling, to perform the genetic screening of first-degree relatives. Following molecular genetic analysis, the state-of-the-art clinical follow-up of the clinically healthy mutation carriers may decrease or even prevent the morbidity and mortality. Due to technological developments in recent years, the molecular genetic analysis of hereditary tumour syndromes has also been changed. Using next generation based sequencing methods in routine clinical diagnostics, the number of pathogenic genes in endocrine tumours has also increased. The present review focuses on the genetic background of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes and the recently used molecular biological methods will also be presented. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 285–292.
Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü (TSWV)’ne dayanıklı sivri biber hatlarının geliştirilmesi
Authors: ÇELİK İbrahim , ÖZALP Ramazan , ÇELİK Nejla , POLAT İlknur , SÜLÜ Görkem
Published: February 2018

Biber dünyada domates ve karpuzdan sonra en
fazla yetiştirilen sebze türüdür. Virüs hastalıkları biber üretimini
sınırlandıran en önemli etmenler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu hastalıkların
başında domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü (Tomato Spotted Wilt Virüs=TSWV)
gelmektedir. Hastalığın kontrolünde en güvenilir yöntem dayanıklı çeşitlerin
kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada TSWV’ye dayanıklı yeni sivri biber çeşitlerinin
geliştirilebilmesi için ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecek hatların ıslahı
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada TSWV’ye dayanıklı üç adet genotip ile bu hastalığa
karşı hassas ve uzun yıllar ticari olarak kullanılan Serademre 8 çeşidi
materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Islah metodu olarak pedigri yöntemi
uygulanmıştır. Hassas ebeveyn ile dayanıklı genitörler arasında yapılan
melezlerden geliştirilen üç populasyon beş dönem kendilenmiş ve biyolojik
olarak testlenmiştir. Testleme sonucunda dayanıklı olarak belirlenen bireyler
bir sonraki generasyona aktarılarak kendilenmeye devam edilmiştir. Dayanıklı
bireylerin belirlenmesinde her dönem biyolojik test yapılırken moleküler
testler sadece F1 ve F5 kademelerindeki bitkilere
uygulanmıştır. Biyolojik testlerde mekanik inokülasyon yöntemi, moleküler
testlerde ise Tsw geni ile bağlantılı
CAPS moleküler işaretleyicisi (SCAC568) kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada
sivri biber ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek özelliklere sahip TSWV’ye
dayanıklı 10 adet hat geliştirilmiştir. Elde edilen TSWV’ye dayanıklı hatların
bir kısmı sivri biber ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılması amacıyla özel sektör
tohum firmalarına devri yapılmıştır.
Information on X. Congress EAAE
Authors: Doucha T. , Šlaisová J.
Published: February 2018

This Article does not have an abstract.
Carpal flexural deformity in puppies
Authors: Altunatmaz K. , Ozsoy S.
Published: February 2018

Carpal flexural deformity was determined in a total of 31 puppies, of which 28 were brought to our clinic, and 3 were reported by a practicing veterinary surgeon. Ages of the puppies ranged between 6–24 weeks. The dogs belonged to 10 different breeds. Following clinical and radiological examination of the puppies, blood samples were taken and calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) values were recorded. Slight increases in these mineral values were determined in some of the patients. A splint with a caudal aluminium support, padded with a large amount of cotton, was applied to all puppies with deformity. This splint was kept on for 10 days, and repeated in some cases. The diets of the puppies were planned.
Transmission of 16SrV phytoplasmas by Scaphoi-deus titanus Ball in northern Italy
Authors: Bianco P.A. , Alma A. , Casati P. , Scattini G. , Arzone A.
Published: February 2018

Flavescence dorée (FD) has been defined as the disease that is caused by a phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrV (elm yellows) and transmitted to plants by the insect Scaphoideus titanus Ball. We investigated transmission of FD agent by S. titanus in a vineyard located in Veneto region to determine which phytoplasma(s) may be transmitted in this region. Group 16SrV-C phytoplasma was detected and identified in field-collected S. titanus adults, in plant of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay) and broadbean (Vicia faba cv. Arlŕ) that had been fed upon by the insects. No evidence of experimental transmission of phytoplasma belonging to 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma by S. titanus has been observed.
Reaction of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum in field infection trials and the efficacy of fungicides
Authors: Váňová M. , Tvarůžek L. , Hrabalová H.
Published: February 2018

Fifteen winter wheat varieties were tested for their reaction to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in the ear in 1996, 1998 and 1999. To ensure a sufficient level of infection in the field the varieties were artificially inoculated with spores of the two species at a ratio of 1:1. The infection was evaluated using a 10-score scale at three times: first at the milk stage (BBCH 71–75), i.e. about 14 days after inoculation; two further readings were taken at 7-day intervals. The data were used to calculate the average infection for each variety at each reading, and were statistically evaluated. The parameter “area under disease progress curve” (AUDPC) was also calculated. Significant differences between varieties were found in all investigated years. On the average of the 3 years, the variety Ebi showed the lowest infection. Other varieties with significantly low infection were Estica and Atlet. The variety with the highest infection was Bruneta, followed by Samanta, Saskia and Samara. The degree of infection was considerably influenced by weather conditions in the year. A lower infection was observed in 1996 when rainfall in the period from 1st to 20th June was below normal, while rainfalls in 1998 and 1999 were higher in this period. The efficacy of fungicides was assessed in the highly susceptible variety Bruneta. All tested preparations significantly decreased the degree of infection in comparison with the untreated control. In 1998 the efficacy of fungicides was rather low (from 15.51 to 37.55%), while in 1999 it was higher (from 36.74 to 58.20%). In both years the preparation Folicur BT was most efficacious.
Wheat leaf rust races/pathotypes in the Czech Republic in 1997–1998
Authors: Bartoš P. , Stuchlíková E.
Published: February 2018

In 1997–1998 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3. Lr9, Lrll, Lrl5, Lrl7,  Lrl9,  Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. On these NILs 11 pathotypes were determined in 1997, and 8 inl998. All rust samples were avirulent onLr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28.There was a relatively low frequency of virulence on Lrl, Lr2a and Lr2b. Most rust samples were virulent on Lr2c, Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr23 and Lr26. All samples were virulent on Lr3 and Lr21. The identified pathotypes conformed with races 61SaBa*, 77SaBa, 2SaBa, 12SaBa, 57SaBa, 6SaBa, 61*, 77 and 6. Races 61SaBa*, 77SaBa and 2SaBa prevailed in 1997, races 61 SaBa*, 77SaBa and 12SaBa were prevalent in 1998. Races 6 and 6SaBa were found for the first time. Data on Lr genes in recently registered winter wheat cultivars are presented.
Virulence analyses of the powdery mildew population on wheat in the CzechRepublic in 1995–1998
Authors: Klem K.
Published: February 2018

In 1995–1998, the frequency of selected virulences in the powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ) population on wheat in the Czech Republic was investigated. Samples of conidia were collected by a mobile version of a spore-trap. A total of 1739 one-colony isolates were analysed on a set of five varieties as differentials. High frequencies (> 50%)  were found for virulences Vm2, Vm3a, Vm5 and Vml7, lower frequencies(< 50%) for combinations Vm9,2,1 and Vm2,6 and for Vm4b. There were no significant changes in virulence frequencies except for genes Vm5 and Vm9,2,1 that showed one-year variations. Differences between the eastern part (Moravia) and western part (Bohemia) of the Czech Republic were mostly insignificant for most exam­ ined genes. A significantly higher virulence frequency was found in Moravia for genes Vm3a (in 1995) and Vml7 (in 1996), and in Bohemia for the combination Vm9,2,1 (in 1995). A significant correlation (tested by Kendall's tau B values) existed between Vm2 and Vm5 in 1997 and 1998, and between Vm4b and Vm5 in 1995 and 1998. Values of gametic disequilibrium were also studied. Changes in the complexity of isolate virulence were determined to be small and showed no definite trend.
Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat
Authors: Havlíčková H. , Holubec V.
Published: February 2018

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species:  Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T.  aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum  padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.
Serological and biochemical distinguishing of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars on peas
Authors: Pánková I. , Kokošková B.
Published: February 2018

Polyclonal antisera to detect and determine two related pathovars, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, were prepared Untreated bacterial cells, or fixed by formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde were used as antigens. After cross-absorption with heterologous antigens, antisera revealed a high level of specificity in slide agglutination, Ouchterlony gel double-diffusion and in DAS-ELISA and PTA-ELISA. Each of 14 P s. pisi prepared polyclonal antisera could detect and deter­ mine all strains of P s. pisi, regardless of race. PTA-ELISA was the most appropriate serological test to distinguish Pseudomonas syringae pathovars on peas. Most of the P s. pisi strains from foreign collections were in serological tests confirmed asP. s. pisi, while most of the Czech strains suspected as P s. pisi were determined as P s. syringae strains. The principal biochemical reaction, i.e., use of DL-homoserine as a carbon source to grow P s. pisi but not P s. syringae , was proved not to be sufficiently reliable to distinguish both pathovars.
Occurrence of plum pox virus in plums, myrobalans, blackthorns, apricots and peaches in South Moravia along the Austrian border
Authors: Polák J.
Published: February 2018

A survey on the occurrence of plum pox virus (PPV) in plums, myrobalans, blackthorns, apricots and peaches was carried out in the South Moravian region along the Austrian border. Results of tests by ELISA and evaluation of PPV symptoms showed only scattered or isolated occurrence of PPV. This situation can be used for gradual elimination of PPV in the South Moravian region.
The fusarloses of barley with emphasis on the content of trichothecene
Authors: Hýsek J. , Váňová M. , Hajšlová J. , Radová Z. , Koutecká J. , Tvarůžek L.
Published: February 2018

The infestation of barley grains by fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied on malting barley from Kromei'iz (360 samples) and one sample from Kojet!n in Czech Republic. Most frequent species in the season 1997-1998 were: F. culmorum (over 70% of the isolates), F. poae (over 20% of the isolates), F. avenaceum  (over 2%). Much less frequent were: F. stilboides  v. stilboides, F. aqaeductum v. aqaeductum, F. merismoides v. merismoides and F. gigas. The isolates of F. culmorum were highly pathogenic when barley was artificially inoculated; those of F. poae had low pathogenity. Five varieties of spring barley at growth stage 1-5 on the Feekes scale reacted to F. culmorum as follows: I) Tolar (most resistant), 2) Akcent, Lumar and Rubfn (intermediate), 3) Krona (most susceptible). An application of fungicides on a plot inoculated with F. avenaceum  and F. graminearum increased the yield of grain by 0.46 to 1.71 t/ha. Most effective fungicides against the pathogens were: metconazole, tebuconazole and prochloraz. The effect of the combination tebuconazole + triadimefon + prochloraz was found to be most effective. For determi­ nation of six trichothecene mycotoxins in fungal mycelium, macroconidia and spring barley, high resolution capillary gas chro­ matography with electron capture detection was used. Only toxin T-2 and nivalenol (NIV) were detected in fungal mycelium, and a low level of NIV was found in spring barley, variety Rubfn (lower than legislated limit- 2 mglkg of cereals).
Seed size and dormancy in Rumex obtusifolius
Authors: Martínková A. , Honěk A. , Pudil F.
Published: February 2018

We tested the hypothesis, suggested by literature data, that in Rumex obtusifolius L. the germination of matured seeds harvested from dry standing shoots and achene morphology are correlated. In these seed materials the level of germination is determined by the incidence of primary seed dormancy. The regression of the percentage of germinating seeds on achene, perianth and seed size and mass were calculated for seed materials of 30 plants. The materials in which achene morphology was investigated were selected ex post from a set of seed materials of 241 plants to cover the range of variation of germinability of individual plants which was between 0-66%. There was no relationship between any characteristic of achene quality and germination except for a positive correlation between germination percentage and achene mass calculated only for seed materials of plants which pro­ duced germinable seeds (i.e. when plants with 0% germination were excluded from the analysis). The second part of the study investigated the effects of size variation on germinability among seeds harvested from one plant and after removal from the perianth. This variation was tested using sets of 20 size-assorted groups of 50 seeds, each originating from a particular plant; materials from six plants were tested. There were significant differences in the average germination between plants. However, in the material from the same plant there was no consistent relationship between seed mass and percentage of germination. We conclude that there exists no direct relationship between achene, perianth or seed size or mass and incidence of primary seed dormancy.
Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strains isolated from Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidopte­ra: Pyralidae) to original host and to ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae)
Authors: Cagáň C. , Uhlík V.
Published: February 2018

B. bassiana strains isolated from 0. nubilalis were tested against the larvae of 0. nubilalis and coccinellid beetles in laboratory conditions (25°C). The first dead 0. nubilalis larvae were observed 48 hours after the application. During the first five days after the application, the efficiency of spore suspension was significantly higher than the efficiency of dry spore formulation. Spore suspension killed more than 50% of larvae after 72, or 96 hours. After dry spore formulation was used, more than 50% of larvae were killed during 96, or 120 hours. B. bassiana killed 50% of coccinellid larvae during 48 hours. After anot her 24 hours 83.3% (strain SK78), or 100% (strain SK99) coccinellid larvae were killed by fungus. More than 50% of dead adults of Coccinella septempunctata L. and Propylea quattuordecimptmctata (L.) was found 72-120 hours after application of fungus. This mea ns that B. bassiana was not adapted specifically to original host and killed effectively the adults and larvae of Coccinellidae. Different behaviour probably allows the coccinellids to escape from fungal infection in natural conditions
Population changes of the potato cyst nematode (Giobodera rostochiensis) during irregular crop rota­tion
Authors: Šedivý J.
Published: February 2018

For a period of 17 years, changes in the n umber of potato cyst nematode (PCN) cysts in the soil and in their contents were studied in two fields with an irregular crop rotation and growing resistant and susceptible potato cultivars. In all years, numbers of cysts per I 00 g of soil were higher at Skorkov (S) than at Ot radovice (0). At the beginning of the experiment, the percentages of empty PCN cysts were 30 and 28%, respectively, but they increased to 92.5 and 94.6%, respectively, by the end of it. The remaining cysts contained dead eggs/larvae and empty egg cases. Thus, the number of cysts per I 00 g of soil cannot be used to estimate the degree of soil infestation with the PCN without also knowing the number of viable stages in the cysts. When the experiment started the mean number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst was 62.7 in fields and 51.3 in field 0; no viable stages of the pest were found at the end of the experiment. Parallel to the decline in the number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst, the numbers of cysts with viable contents also declined in both fields. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst showed considerable variation in the course of the experiment.  In fields it varied within a range of 1 5.9-69.4 individuals per cyst. Over the years the number of empty egg cases per cyst showed an irregular increasing trend. In field S their number varied from 34.9 to 1 97.5 per cyst. In field 0 from 46.3 to 218. No unequivocal negative effect of cropping resistant potato cultivars on the number of PCN cysts in the soil has been ascertained. In most years. The cropping of resistant cultivars was followed by an increased number of empty cysts in soil samples in both experimental fields.  The effect of growing resistant cultivars on the number of viable eggs/ larvae was negative in both fields, resulting in decreased mean numbers of viable individuals per cyst. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst was variable.  The number of empty egg cases was usually higher after the harvest of a resistant potato cultivar. The numbers of empty cysts and those with dead contents increased distinctly after an application of pig manure prior to growing the resistant cultivar and in subsequent years. The mean number of cysts in the soil, and of viable stages in the cysts also declined after a crop of rye. Regula r cropping of resistant potato cultivars at 3-year intervals, once interrupted by growing a susceptible plant cultivar, decreased the occurrence of viable stages of the PCN below the detectable level.
Effectiveness of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on winter wheat in two agricultural systems
Authors: Al-Dobai S. , Praslicka J.
Published: February 2018

From the obtained results we can note that the parasitoids in our experiments in 1 997 and 1998 had considerable influence on decline of aphids population density, at which the percent of parasitization in milk maturity stage of wheat was from 2.7 to 35%. The culmination of parasitization was recorded in our experiments about 7–10 days after the culmination of population density of aphids. The obtained results did not confirm the definite influence of different growing systems on parasitization of aphids, because in 1997 the parasitization was very high in integrated growing system and in 1998 in ecological growing system. The influence of different growing systems on aphids parasitization appeared during a given year and within an growing system. It also appeared between different years and it was found that these differences were significant. The parasitoids found were: Aphidius ervi Haliday, A. rlwpalosiphi De Stefani-Pcrcz, A. uzbekistanicus Luzhctzki, Praon volucre (Hal iday), Ephedrus plagialor (Nees), Diaeretiefla rapae (M'lntosh). In 1997, the most abundant species were Aphidius ervi and A. rhopafosiphi and in 1998 A. ubekistanicus and Aphidius ervi.