bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Using Automated Writing Feedback in ESL/EFL Classroom Contexts
Authors: Benali Ameni
Published: November 2021

It is undeniable that attempts to develop automated feedback systems that support and enhance language learning and assessment have increased in the last few years. The growing demand for using technology in the classroom and the promotions provided by automated- written-feedback program developers and designers, drive many educational institutions to acquire and use these tools for educational purposes (Chen & Cheng, 2008). It remains debatable, however, whether students’ use of these tools leads to improvement in their essay quality or writing outcomes. In this paper I investigate the affordances and shortcomings of automated writing evaluation (AWE) on students’ writing in ESL/EFL contexts. My discussion shows that AWE can improve the quality of writing and learning outcomes if it is integrated with and supported by human feedback. I provide recommendations for further research into improving AWE tools to give more effective and constructive feedback.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 6
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: November 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2021. 
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 13, No. 2
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 13, No. 2
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 2
Authors: Xiao Evelyn
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2021.
MHD Mixed Convection and Entropy Generation in a C-Shaped Enclosure Filled with an Electrically Conducting Fluid
Authors: BOUCHAIR Rabah , BOUROUIS Abderrahim , OMARA Abdeslam
Published: November 2021

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection and entropy generation in a C-shaped cavity filled by an electrically conducting fluid are investigated numerically using the finite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm. In this work, we focus on the effect of the magnetic field on the characteristics of fluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation for various values of Richardson number (Ri = 0.1, 1 and 10), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 200), tilting angle (α); ranging from -45° to +45°, and aspect ratio (AR = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7). The results show an increase in the average Nusselt number and the entropy generation by increasing the aspect ratio (AR), whereas they decrease when Ha number increases, independently of α and Ri. At high values of Ha number, the conduction state is the dominant mode of heat transfer regardless of Ri, AR and α. Moreover, the total entropy generation is mainly due to the irreversibility of heat transfer whatever the control parameters are.
Implementation of a Multi-cell Approach in the Multi-Physics Calculations of an Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor
Authors: MİLİAN PÉREZ Daniel , GÁMEZ RODRÍGUEZ Abel , HERNÁNDEZ PARDO Liván , MİLİAN PÉREZ Daylen , MİLİAN LORENZO Daniel , BRAYNER DE OLİVEİRA LİRA Carlos
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, the Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor (AHR) technology is under study for its use in the production of medical isotopes. This technology has proven to be potentially advantageous for this purpose due to its low cost, small critical mass, inherent passive safety, and simplified fuel handling, processing, and purification characteristics. Among the studies being carried out is computational modeling and simulation, which represents a key technology in the pursuit for improvements in efficiency, safety, and reliability of these systems. This paper aims to expand upon a previous AHR computational model through the implementation of a multi-cell approach for the improvement of the calculations using a methodology for the multi-physics and multi-scale coupling of the neutronic and thermal-hydraulic codes. It was found that these additions to the original model cause a small change to the overall reactor behavior. Thermal-hydraulic parameters such as, average fuel solution temperature and velocity, gas volume fraction and average radiolytic gas bubbles velocity undergo a variation of 0.161 °C, 0.0009 m/s, 0.015% and 0.0003 m/s. In contrast, significant local differences were obtained mainly for the fuel solution temperature and radiolytic gas bubbles volume fraction. It was verified that a simplified AHR computational model consisting of a 20° section of the fuel solution is able to adequately reproduce the results of the full AHR computational model.
2021/30 ‘Gender critical’ beliefs are protected philosophical beliefs (UK)
Authors: Carney Bethan
Published: November 2021

2021/30 ‘Gender critical’ beliefs are protected philosophical beliefs (UK)

The Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has ruled that ‘gender critical’ beliefs are protected philosophical beliefs for equality law purposes, while confirming that a belief in ‘gender identity’ is also a protected characteristic. This means that it is unlawful to discriminate against someone because they do or do not hold either of those beliefs.
Pelluchon, Corine (2018). Manifest animalista: La causa animal com a camí per a un nou humanisme
Authors: Agustí Polis Àlex
Published: November 2021

Pelluchon, Corine (2018)Manifest animalista: La causa animal com a camí per a un nou humanismeBarcelona: Rosa dels Vents, 141 p.ISBN 978-84-16930-41-8
La importancia hermenéutica de la Introducción al «Tractatus» de Wittgenstein, de Elizabeth Anscombe
Authors: Luján Martínez Horacio
Published: November 2021

Nuestro artículo analiza el libro de Elizabeth Anscombe destacando su carácter político. Cuando decimos «político» nos referimos a que desde su publicación opera como un filtro de exclusión de otras lecturas del Tractatus. En especial entendemos este texto como una expulsión a priori de las lecturas que privilegian la influencia de Arthur Schopenhauer. Describiremos las estrategias implícitas y explícitas del texto para dificultar e imposibilitar la lectura del libro de Wittgenstein en clave ética, estética o mística. Señalaremos la distancia que, de modo crítico, el libro de Anscombe construye a manera de canon de lectura. Consideraremos, también, hasta dónde llega la influencia del filósofo de Frankfurt sobre el joven Wittgenstein y la actualidad de una lectura schopenhauereana de la primera obra del pensador vienés.
Emotions, intentions and their expressions: Anscombe on Wittgenstein’s stalking cat
Authors: Aucouturier Valérie
Published: November 2021

In this paper, I explore the difference between expression of intention and expression of emotion through a discussion of a passage from G.E.M. Anscombe’s Intention, where she claims that expression of intention, unlike expression of emotion, is “purely conventional”. I argue that this claim is grounded on the fact that, although emotions can be described, expressions of emotion are not descriptions at all (e.g. of some present feeling or experience). Similarly, expressions of intention are not descriptions of a present state of mind but are rather the expression of a special sort of foreknowledge of a purported action. They are, in this respect, distinct from expression of emotion, since they are a description of some future happening (the purported action). Now, the centrally descriptive character of expressions of intention is what makes them “purely conventional”. But of course, Anscombe argues, one can have an intention without expressing it. And having an intention does not amount to having some description in mind.
Martínez, María (2019). Identidades en proceso: Una propuesta a partir del análisis de las movilizaciones feministas contemporáneas
Authors: Soler Libran Jana
Published: November 2021

Martínez, María (2019)Identidades en proceso: Una propuesta a partir del análisis de las movilizaciones feministas contemporáneasMadrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 324 p.ISBN 978-84-7476-819-0
Garcés, Marina (2020). Escola d’aprenents
Authors: Palacios Morales Aïda
Published: November 2021

Garcés, Marina (2020)Escola d’aprenentsBarcelona: Galaxia Gutenberg, 192 p.ISBN 9788418218422
Racionalidades punitivas. Una epistemología para la objetivación y la historicidad de las políticas del castigo
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez-Pinilla Mario , Domínguez González David J.
Published: November 2021

La idea de racionalidad en Michel Foucault no se refiere a un criterio de razón universal a modo de conocimiento puro y neutral, sino conjugada en plural como «racionalidades». Funciona como un régimen de verdad que no solo produce nuevos conceptos y una organización histórica de la observación, sino también dominios de regulación e intervenciones políticas y técnicas. Aplicadas a la economía punitiva, y por extensión a la del poder, las racionalidades punitivas han permitido aflorar un análisis crítico inusual de los sistemas del castigo mediante diferentes conceptos en apariencia usuales que alcanzan una radicalidad inusitada en la objetivación de las redes de poder/saber, y que desbordan tanto el campo de la política penal como el de las rígidas explicaciones materialistas. En última instancia, han permitido construir un orden punitivo macrosocial y unas macroformas de dominación a partir de la diversidad de micropoderes.
Construirse como sujeto ético para una vida verdadera. Las propuestas de Pierre Hadot, Michel Foucault y François Jullien
Authors: Roca Jusmet Luis
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo analiza el hilo conductor que va de Pierre Hadot a François Jullien pasando por Michel Foucault, y que se sostiene en el papel de la filosofía como transformador de sí para alcanzar una vida verdadera. Hadot y Foucault buscan referentes en las escuelas antiguas grecorromanas, mientras que François Jullien lo hace en la sabiduría tradicional china. Pero en todos los casos es una búsqueda del pasado para volver al presente y así actualizar este diálogo con los antiguos. Pierre Hadot hablará de la filosofía como ejercicio espiritual; Michel Foucault, como del cuidado de sí, y François Jullien, como del aprendizaje del vivir existiendo. La continuidad está en esta voluntad de hacer de la filosofía un instrumento para construirse como sujeto ético, cuyo resultado es otro modo de vida, una vida verdadera.
Social pedagogy and social work from the perspective of the research areas and practical activities – selected contexts
Authors: Weissbrot-Koziarska Anna , Kanios Anna
Published: November 2021

The theoretical and practical development of social pedagogy was influenced by many social, economic and cultural factors (e.g. industrial and cultural revolutions), which took place in Europe and America in the 19th century. In turn, in 1908 Helena Radlińska created the scientific bases of social pedagogy in Poland and initiated its disciplinary development. In her activities, the researcher emphasized the role of a human in the transformation of reality in which they live. Her concept had a lot in common with the theses of the then German and French philosophical and pedagogical thought, among others Paul Bergman, Jean-Marie Guyau, Paul Natorp, Gabriel Séailles (Theiss, 2018, p. 13).
The key moment in the initial phase of the development of so-called Helena Radlińska’s school of social pedagogy was the creation of The Social-Educational Work Study of Free Polish University in 1925. It was the first university in Poland to educate, at the academic level, future social and educational workers and educators in the area of adult education, mother and child care , and organization of social life. Social pedagogy as a science of human education, upbringing, and social functioning is a discipline of humanistic and social science. It has an interdisciplinary character shaped on the basis of the knowledge of various sciences, that includes: philosophy of human life, psychology (experimental, social, clinical), general pedagogy, sociology of education, ethics, social policy, family and guardianship law, theory of environmental education (Kamiński, 1974).
Der Gottlose
Authors: Spiekermann Björn
Published: November 2021

Long before there were atheists in the modern sense of the word, people wrote about unbelief or godlessness and warned of the dangers supposedly associated with it. The study follows the hypothesis that “atheist” did not serve as a precise designation for real persons, but as an enemy image that could answer to a wide variety of purposes. It remained unchanged for more than 200 years and appeared under different names. Whether atheist, politicus, impius, epicurean, mocker of religion, or freethinker: this complex, by means of which a society in flux came to understand its own foundations, can be traced from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. Leading minds from several epochs participated in it. In this book they have their say in numerous individual analyses. The assumption that it was orthodoxy alone fighting against 'unbelief' must ultimately be considered obsolete.
Christentum und Aufklärung
Authors: Flasch Kurt
Published: November 2021

Voltaire kept reading Pascal's "Pensées" throughout his life. He thoroughly perused them and made detailed notes in three stages from about 1728 until 1777. He let Pascal have his say. He prints detailed quotations and counters them with his criticism. Voltaire conducts a serious philosophical discussion with the author of the “Pensées” whom he recognizes as a genius. He calls it a battle of the giants. This has resulted in a document of great importance. It illuminates the intellectual, religious, and political landscape of the time like a flash of lightning: Voltaire considered Pascal's Christianity as archaic, implausible, hostile towards life. There is no clearer or more polished text on the relationship between Enlightenment and Christianity. At the same time, it is also a stylistic delight; two of the most original and witty writers in France are engaged here. Flasch's book presents the texts in translation and determines their historical and factual significance. It describes for the first time from the sources the emergence of the problem situation from the late Augustine to Jansenius, Pascal and Voltaire.
Performing the Posthuman
Authors: van Wijnen Jasmijn
Published: November 2021

‘Performing the Posthuman’ is an investigation into reinvented representations, or re-presentations, of body–voice relationships in (musical) theatrical performances that can be called posthuman. Performance analyses lay bare the ways in which these body–voice relationships are used as strategies to theatrically image a posthuman condition. Combining new theories on posthumanism, new materialism and recent findings on the construction of voice, the study’s research dives into the ways in which both, the voice and the body, can be treated as floating signifiers in a mutual and mutable relationship. A close examination of the different ways in which what is posthuman is performed, exposes recurring tensions between modes of representation and presentation on stage.
Die Aufbrauchfrist im Patentverletzungsprozess
Authors: Frey Anton
Published: November 2021

For the first time, this work deals comprehensively with the legal institution of a grace period in patent infringement proceedings. By granting such a grace period, the automatic injunction in accordance with Sec. 139 (1) of the German Patent Act can be limited temporally in case of disproportionality. The case groups of complex products, ambush situations and legitimate interests of third parties are particularly relevant in this context. After a detailed examination of these case constellations and of the grace period in general, the author presents an independent solution in which he advocates an extended application of the grace period.
Richard Wagner und »das Weibliche«
Authors: Kranz Paul Simon
Published: November 2021

Connections between Richard Wagner’s philosophy, life and early work convey that “the feminine” had a special significance for the composer throughout his life. Corresponding interdependencies are determined by Wagner’s excessive lifestyle as well as his restless and melancholy alienation from the world. The purposeful reflection leads to the realisation of many aspects - from the desire for devotion and maternal care to his own feminine facets, affairs as well as the search for true love and redemption. With a focus on Wagner’s operas completed until 1850, the insight into the material finally shows that figures such as Senta, Elisabeth or Elsa and their antagonists are not randomly but intentionally created characters.
Overexpression of GABRP Gene in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Interpretation
Authors: Azizi-Tabesh Ghasem , Kamaliyan Zeeba , Darbeheshti Farzaneh , Omranipour Ramesh , Soleimani Vahid , Alipour Nasrin , Mirfakhraie Reza , Yassaee Vahid Reza
Published: November 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that characterized by aggressiveness features with increased metastasis and poor clinical prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this highly malignant phenotype are still poorly understood. It has been well documented that the dysregulation of neural genes is profoundly implicated in cancer development and metastasis. Objectives: In the present study, the expression level of GABA receptor π subunit (GABRP) as the most up-regulated gene in TNBC and a hub node in the co-expression network were investigated. Methods: In this study, the importance of GABRP as the most up-regulated gene in TNBC was discovered through integrative analysis of multiple microarray expression datasets, containing about 1000 samples. Furthermore, the co-expression network analysis was constructed based on the up-regulated genes. Quantitative Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate of the GABRP expression in 50 TNBC compared to 33 non-TNBC tumors. Results: According to the bioinformatics analysis, GABRP occupies a key position in the co-expression network which is mainly enriched in the nervous systems development. The qRT-PCR results indicated that up-regulation of GABRP was highly concordant with integrative analysis findings. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that GABRP can be a potential biomarker to distinguish TNBC from non-TNBC samples. Conclusions: Our study revealed that up-regulation of GABRP is among the most remarkable molecular signature in TNBC and may play a critical role in tumorigenesis. The results may provide a deeper insight into molecular mechanisms underlying the brain metastasis in TNBC tumors and propose the potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale
Authors: Mousavi Asl Esmaeil , Behrouzian Forouzan , Rostami Hamzeh
Published: November 2021

Background: Because of the long duration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people may suffer greatly from the common burnout caused by this virus. Objectives: Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19, this study investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS). Methods: The Persian version of the COVID-19-BS was prepared through forward translation, reconciliation, and back-translation. The method of the study was descriptive (psychometric). The statistical population included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from October 2020 to November 2020. Using the convenience sampling method, 251 students were selected. All participants completed the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS), the Compassion Scale (CS), and the COVID-19-BS. Convergent validity, divergent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and LISREL 8.5 software. Results: The findings supported the single-factor structure of COVID-19-BS and a good internal consistency of the scale. Internal consistency obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method for the total score of C-19ASS was 0.72, indicating a good internal consistency. The COVID-19-BS had a positive and significant correlation with the C-19ASS (P = 0.01, r = 0.37) and a negative and significant correlation with the CS (P = 0.01, r = -0.41), indicating the convergent and divergent validity of this scale (P
Silencing of HOTAIR Induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells through Up-regulation of Bax and Down-regulation of Bcl2
Authors: Dashtbozorgi Reza , Tahmasebi-Birgani Maryam , Hajjari Mohammad-Reza , Emami Razavi Amirnader
Published: November 2021

: HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a highly cited transcript modulating variety of signaling pathways such as cell growth and apoptosis. Altered expression of HOTAIR has been reported in human cancers, which contributes with cancer progression and metastasis. Increased expression level of HOTAIR has been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). It seems that dysregulation of HOTAIR may inhibit the apoptosis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of HOTAIR silencing on expression of apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data showed that HOTAIR and Bcl2 are highly expressed in CRC cells while the expression level of Bax is low. Following siRNA treatment, Blc2 was downregulated but Bcl2 was upregulated. These findings suggest that HOTAIR silencing can promote apoptosis, and thus it can be considered as a promising strategy to kill cancer cells.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal vein coiling: troubleshooting interventional endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: Haba Shin , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okuno Nozomi , Miyano Akira , Fumihara Daiki , Elshair Moaz
Published: November 2021

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) is widely performed not only as an alternative to transpapillary biliary drainage, but also as primary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction. For anatomical reasons, this technique carries an unavoidable risk of mispuncturing intrahepatic vessels. We report a technique for troubleshooting EUS-guided portal vein coiling to prevent bleeding from the intrahepatic portal vein after mispuncture during interventional EUS. EUS-HGS was planned for a 59-year-old male patient with unresectable pancreatic cancer. The dilated bile duct (lumen diameter, 2.8 mm) was punctured with a 19-gauge needle, and a guidewire was inserted. After bougie dilation, the guidewire was found to be inside the intrahepatic portal vein. Embolizing coils were placed to prevent bleeding. Embolization coils were successfully inserted under stabilization of the catheter using a double-lumen cannula with a guidewire. Following these procedures, the patient was asymptomatic. Computed tomography performed the next day revealed no complications.
Little praise for "In praise of forgiveness"
Authors: Woldarsky Meneses Catalina
Published: November 2021

This is a review of Massimo Recalcati's book "In Praise of Forgiveness" (Polity Press, 2020). It outlines Recalcati’s position on the process of forgiveness and offers a critique of various aspects of this book.
The CO-MAsk approach: Tips for fostering mask use among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Maffoni Marina , Torlaschi Valeria , Gabanelli Paola , Abelli Paola , Pierobon Antonia
Published: November 2021

Face masks are effective at limiting contagion of the coronavirus. However, adherence to face mask use among the older adult population is often unsatisfactory due to cognitive impairment, misconceptions, and difficulty in retrieving face masks. This brief note provides healthcare professionals with simple suggestions about how to improve face mask adoption in the older adults, in particular if they suffer from mild cognitive impairment. Thus, clinical reflections and psychoeducational suggestions are summarized into a simple mental roadmap. Specifically, the CO-MAsk approach underlines the necessity to consider the following factors: Cognition (possible cognitive impairment), Occasions (real chances to access correct information and proper protection equipment), Motivation (individual motivation towards sanitary prescriptions) and Assumptions (personal beliefs and understandings). Possible obstacles and practical suggestions for are also discussed. It is of paramount importance that healthcare professionals pay attention to emotional, cognitive and psychological aspects to effectively improve the face masks adherence among older adults, specifically when cognitive decline is present.
The causal impact of objective numeracy on judgments: Improving numeracy via symbolic and non-symbolic approximate arithmetic training yields more consistent risk judgments
Authors: Chesney Dana L. , Shoots-Reinhard Brittany , Peters Ellen
Published: November 2021

Park and Brannon (2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613482944) found that practicing non-symbolic approximate arithmetic increased performance on an objective numeracy task, specifically symbolic arithmetic. Manipulating objective numeracy would be useful for many researchers, particularly those who wish to investigate causal effects of objective numeracy on performance. Objective numeracy has been linked to performance in multiple areas, such as judgment-and-decision-making (JDM) competence, but most existing studies are correlational. Here, we expanded upon Park and Brannon’s method to experimentally manipulate objective numeracy and we investigated whether numeracy’s link with JDM performance was causal. Experimental participants drawn from a diverse internet sample trained on approximate-arithmetic tasks whereas active control participants trained on a spatial working-memory task. Numeracy training followed a 2 × 2 design: Experimental participants quickly estimated the sum of OR difference between presented numeric stimuli, using symbolic numbers (i.e., Arabic numbers) OR non-symbolic numeric stimuli (i.e., dot arrays). We partially replicated Park and Brannon’s findings: The numeracy training improved objective-numeracy performance more than control training, but this improvement was evidenced by performance on the Objective Numeracy Scale, not the symbolic arithmetic task. Subsequently, we found that experimental participants also perceived risks more consistently than active control participants, and this risk-consistency benefit was mediated by objective numeracy. These results provide the first known experimental evidence of a causal link between objective numeracy and the consistency of risk judgments.
Conceptual replication and extension of the relation between the number line estimation task and mathematical competence across seven studies
Authors: Ellis Alexa , Susperreguy María Inés , Purpura David J. , Davis-Kean Pamela E.
Published: November 2021

A recent meta-analysis demonstrated the overall correlation between the number line estimation (NLE) task and children’s mathematical competence was r = .44 (positively recoded), and this relation increased with age. The goal of the current study was to conceptually replicate and extend these results by further synthesizing this correlation utilizing studies not present in the meta-analysis. Across seven studies, 954 participants, ranging from 3 to 11 years old (Age M = 6.02 years, SD = 1.57), the overall estimation-competence correlations were similar to those of the meta-analysis and ranged from r = −.40 to −.35. The current conceptual replication demonstrated that the meta-analysis captured a stable overall relation between performance on the NLE task and mathematical competence. However, the current study failed to replicate the same moderation of age group presented in the meta-analysis. Furthermore, the current study extended results by assessing the stability and predictive validity of the NLE task while controlling for covariates. Results suggested that the NLE task demonstrated poor stability and predictive validity in the seven samples present in this study. Thus, although concurrent relations replicated, the differential age moderation, lack of stability, and lack of predictive validity in these studies require a more nuanced approach to understanding the utility of the NLE task. Future research should focus on understanding the connection between children’s developmental progression and NLE measurement before further investigating the predictive and diagnostic importance of the task for broader mathematical competence.
JADPRO Live Virtual 2021
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, FAAN Beth
Published: November 2021

Editor-in-Chief Beth Faiman takes a look back at memorable moments from the ninth annual JADPRO Live conference, which took place virtually in early October.
CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Paving the Way for HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Orbaugh, RN, MSN, RNP, AOCN Kristi , R. Adams, PharmD, FCCP, BCOP, FHOPA Val , W. Gillespie, PhD, MA, RN, FAAN Theresa
Published: November 2021

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are revolutionizing care for patients with advanced and metastatic hormone receptor–positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) breast cancer. These oral agents, often combined with other hormone-based therapy, have demonstrated considerable success in clinical trials and are used widely in oncology practices. CDK4/6 inhibitors are also being investigated for the treatment of early stage HR+, HER2– breast cancer. The addition of abemaciclib to adjuvant endocrine therapy improved invasive disease-free survival and distant relapse-free survival compared with endocrine therapy alone in patients with HR+, HER2–, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer, and is now FDA-approved as adjuvant treatment in this setting. Here we review recent clinical data supporting the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in both early and metastatic breast cancer. In addition, an expert faculty panel will discuss practical strategies to promote and improve adherence and side effect management in patients being treated with oral CDK4/6 inhibitors.
SOBRE LA GEOGRAFÍA DE LA VIDA: LA BIOGEOGRAFÍA
Authors: Gutiérrez-Hernández Oliver
Published: November 2021

Esta recensión bibliográfica desborda la mera descripción de los contenidos del libro reseñado, La geografía de la vida: la biogeografía. Integra, además, tanto una introducción acerca del lugar de la biogeografía en el contexto de los campos de conocimiento y la geografía académica, como una exposición de los principales hitos bibliográficos de la biogeografía publicados en español. De este modo, se pretende contextuar la importancia de la obra reseñada dentro del marco bibliográfico y, presentar, finalmente, la estructura y los contenidos del manual en el contexto de los manuales académicos sobre biogeografía.
La financiarización del sector del agua
Authors: Hug Hug
Published: November 2021

Durante las últimas cuatro décadas, el centro del poder económico ha pasado de la industria a las finanzas. Como parte de esta tendencia, la «financiarización» del sector del agua ha añadido una nueva capa de complejidad al ciclo hidrosocial, testigo de la aparición de nuevos actores financieros, lógicas e instrumentos de financiación. Este cambio ha remodelado profundamente la relación entre las infraestructuras y empresas que intervienen en un bien esencial como el agua, la ciudadanía, los otros usuarios del agua y el medio ambiente. En este artículo, y basándome en trabajos previos, presento de manera resumida los debates en torno a la financiarización del ciclo hídrico, por medio del ejemplo de la provisión y del desarrollo de nuevas infraestructuras hídricas financiarizadas en la ciudad de Londres.
Denationalization of enforcement proceedings: foreign experience and prospects for Implementation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kravtsov Alekseу Yur'evich , Makushev Dmitrii Ivanovich
Published: November 2021

Current state of the world economy and the development of private law institutions implies limited interference of the government in the activity of the actors of social relations based on their equality, autonomy of will, and property autonomy. Foreign experience demonstrates that the transfer of certain public functions from the government to nongovernmental or private entities yields positive results. One of such spheres of activity is the enforcement of court decisions and acts of other branches, which in a number of countries is carried out by private executors. At the same time, the effectiveness of the nongovernmental model of enforcement proceedings first and foremost depends on the quality of legal regulation. This article is dedicated to the analysis of Russian and foreign models of enforcement proceedings. The authors explore the mechanisms of denationalization of the state system of enforcement of executive documents and the prospects for its implementation in the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of the key vectors of reforming the system of enforcement proceedings in the Russian Federation associated with partial transfer of the authority on enforcement of executive documents from bailiffs to private enforcement agents. It is noted that recently the rate of enforcement of executive documents has not been sufficient to indicate the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings, which is primarily substantiated by the increased workload of bailiffs. The conclusion is made on the need to reform the mixed model of enforcement proceedings in the Russian Federation, which includes two links: governmental and nongovernmental. The basic characteristics of such a model are formulated.
A molecular mechanism for the generation of ligand-dependent differential outputs by the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Huang Yongjian , Ognjenovic Jana , Karandur Deepti , Miller Kate , Merk Alan , Subramaniam Sriram , Kuriyan John
Published: November 2021

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that couples the binding of extracellular ligands, such as EGF and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), to the initiation of intracellular signaling pathways. EGFR binds to EGF and TGF-α with similar affinity, but generates different signals from these ligands. To address the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon, we have carried out cryo-EM analyses of human EGFR bound to EGF and TGF-α. We show that the extracellular module adopts an ensemble of dimeric conformations when bound to either EGF or TGF-α. The two extreme states of this ensemble represent distinct ligand-bound quaternary structures in which the membrane-proximal tips of the extracellular module are either juxtaposed or separated. EGF and TGF-α differ in their ability to maintain the conformation with the membrane-proximal tips of the extracellular module separated, and this conformation is stabilized preferentially by an oncogenic EGFR mutation. Close proximity of the transmembrane helices at the junction with the extracellular module has been associated previously with increased EGFR activity. Our results show how EGFR can couple the binding of different ligands to differential modulation of this proximity, thereby suggesting a molecular mechanism for the generation of ligand-sensitive differential outputs in this receptor family.
Progress or Mistake?
Authors: Karlsdóttir Unnur Birna
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the ideas behind the introduction of reindeer to Iceland, how the Danish authorities played a role and the attitudes that prevailed among Icelanders towards this new species in Icelandic nature. The Danish authorities had reindeer exported from Finnmark in Norway to Iceland in the late eighteenth century. They adapted to the Icelandic environment and grew in numbers, except for the first imported little flock, which seems to have died out soon. The idea of bringing reindeer to Iceland came from a few Icelandic officials, who asked the Danish authorities for support. The reindeer kept themselves in the remote heaths and highlands in the districts where they roamed free from the beginning. Nevertheless, in harsh winters, they fled the highlands and came down to the lowlands to graze. This caused frustration among farmers, who complained to the authorities and demanded permission to hunt reindeer to defend their grazing land and obtain reindeer meat for their households.
Analysis of the Worldwide Distribution of the ‘Man or Animal in the Moon’ Motifs
Authors: Thuillard Marc
Published: November 2021

For millennia, people have seen a man, an animal, or an object as they look at the moon. The motif of the ‘frog/toad in the Moon’ was recorded in writing in the Book of Changes (I Ching) over 2400 years ago. The ‘man in the Moon’ theme is found in old Norse literature in the Younger Edda. In Mesoamerica, the story of the ‘rabbit in the Moon’ is pre-Columbian. This study analyses the different versions by combining areal studies as well as structural and statistical analyses with information from ancient texts and archaeological artefacts. In particular, I compare the geographic distribution of the main motifs to the 2,278 motifs in Yuri Berezkin’s database. In this context, I report on the observed similarities between the geographic distribution of the ‘man or animal in the Moon’ motifs and the two of the most widespread earth creation myths.
Aeromonas hydrophila infection induces Toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and associated downstream signaling in Indian catfish, Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Muduli Chinmayee , Paria Anutosh , Srivastava Ranjana , Rathore Gaurav , Lal Kuldeep K.
Published: November 2021

Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, is one of the most significant bacterial disease responsible for mortality in Indian catfish, Clarias magur, a potential aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. In fish, innate immunity elicited by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) plays an important role in providing protection against bacterial infection. Information on PRRs including Toll-like receptors (tlrs) and their response to bacterial pathogens remains unexplored in magur. Toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), a phylogenetically conserved germ-line encoded PRR recognizes specific microbial structure and trigger MyD88-dependent signaling pathway to induce release of various cytokines responsible for innate immune response. In the present study, tlr2 gene of magur was characterized and downstream signaling was studied following challenge with A. hydrophila. The full-length cDNA of magur tlr2 (mtlr2) comprised of 3,066 bp with a single open reading frame of 2,373 bp encoding 790 amino acids having a theoretical pI value of 6.11 and molecular weight of 90 kDa. Structurally, it comprised of signal peptide (1–42aa), one leucine-rich repeat region (LRR) at N-terminal (LRR1-NT: 50–73 aa) and C-terminal (LRR-CT: 588–608 aa), twenty LRRs in between, one trans-membrane (Tm) domain (609–631aa) followed by cytoplasmic TIR domain (670–783aa). Phylogenetically, mtlr2 is closely related to pangasius and channel catfish. Highest basal expression of mtlr2, myd88 and il-1β in spleen, nf-kb in anterior kidney was observed. Lowest basal expression of mtlr2 in skin and myd88, nf-kb and il-1β in muscle was detected. Significant up-regulation of mtlr2 and downstream expression occurred at 3, 8, 24 h post infection to A. hydrophila in important immune organs such as liver, spleen, intestine and kidney. These findings highlight the vital role of tlr2 in eliciting innate immune defence against A. hydrophila infection.
Mapping the hidden diversity of the Geophagus sensu stricto species group (Cichlidae: Geophagini) from the Amazon basin
Authors: Ximenes Aline Mourão , Bittencourt Pedro Senna , Machado Valéria Nogueira , Hrbek Tomas , Farias Izeni Pires
Published: November 2021

South American freshwater ichthyofauna is taxonomically the most diverse on the planet, yet its diversity is still vastly underestimated. The Amazon basin alone holds more than half of this diversity. The evidence of this underestimation comes from the backlog of morphologically distinct, yet undescribed forms deposited in museum collections, and from DNA-based inventories which consistently identify large numbers of divergent lineages within even well-studied species groups. In the present study, we investigated lineage diversity within the Geophagus sensu stricto species group. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed 337 individuals sampled from 77 locations within and outside the Amazon basin representing 10 nominal and six morphologically distinct but undescribed species. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and delimited lineages using four different single-locus species discovery methods (mPTP-15 lineages; LocMin-14 lineages; bGMYC-18 lineages; and GMYC-30 lineages). The six morphologically distinct but undescribed species were also delimited by the majority of the species discovery methods. Five of these lineages are restricted to a single collection site or a watershed and their habitats are threatened by human activities such as deforestation, agricultural activities and construction of hydroelectric plants. Our results also highlight the importance of combining DNA and morphological data in biodiversity assessment studies especially in taxonomically diverse tropical biotas.
EpiCurator: an immunoinformatic workflow to predict and prioritize SARS-CoV-2 epitopes
Authors: Ferreira Cristina S. , Martins Yasmmin C. , Souza Rangel Celso , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R.
Published: November 2021

The ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, triggered by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents a global public health challenge. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines is an urgent need to prevent and control virus spread. One of the vaccine production strategies uses thein silicoepitope prediction from the virus genome by immunoinformatic approaches, which assist in selecting candidate epitopes forin vitroand clinical trials research. This study introduces the EpiCurator workflow to predict and prioritize epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 genomes by combining a series of computational filtering tools. To validate the workflow effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 genomes retrieved from the GISAID database were analyzed. We identified 11 epitopes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Spike glycoprotein, an important antigenic determinant, not previously described in the literature or published on the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Interestingly, these epitopes have a combination of important properties: recognized in sequences of the current variants of concern, present high antigenicity, conservancy, and broad population coverage. The RBD epitopes were the source for a multi-epitope design toin silicovalidation of their immunogenic potential. The multi-epitope overall quality was computationally validated, endorsing its efficiency to trigger an effective immune response since it has stability, high antigenicity and strong interactions with Toll-Like Receptors (TLR). Taken together, the findings in the current study demonstrated the efficacy of the workflow for epitopes discovery, providing target candidates for immunogen development.
Economic Impacts of Violent Conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogezi E. , Salau E. S. , Girei A. A. , Yusuf N.
Published: November 2021

The study analysed the impacts of violent conflicts on the economies of rural communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from the respondents using a structured interview schedule, while focus group discussions (FGD) sessions were employed to assess effects of conflicts on communities. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, alternative resource cost estimation (ARCE) and content analysis while the Likert scale was used to measure the perception of respondents towards the causes of conflicts. There were six (6) major categories of conflicts identified in the area. These categories were communal conflicts, ethnic conflicts, resource conflicts (most often land conflicts), politically motivated conflicts, conflicts due to traditional chieftaincy, and the conflicts between state forces and militia groups. Expansion of agro-pastoralism (4.6) and Extensive sedentism (4.5) were very serious factors that were perceived to lead to conflicts. A total of ₦2,289,859,549 worth 30.28% of the State’s 2018 IGR (Internal Generated Revenue) were lost in these conflicts. It was recommended that laws regarding people with diverse backgrounds and socioeconomic needs and population growth in relation to limited resources should be developed with great care and attention paid to all the parties involved in the process. Participatory approaches to problem identification, conflict management and resolutions need to be established in the communities with regular interactions between and among locals periodically and frequently.
Synchronous Invasive Breast Carcinoma, Endometrial Cancer and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma in a 49 Year-old Female Libyan Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shagan Ali , Obaid Essra , Emaetig Fatma , Swaisi Youssef , Topov Yassen , Alsharksi Ali , H. El Mahjoubi Ebrahim , Ben Salah Khaled S.
Published: November 2021

Although breast cancer and endometrial cancer are two frequent female cancers, finding synchronous primary cancers in the same patient is a comparatively uncommon occurrence. We present the case of a Libyan woman who developed synchronous breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. For the previous six months, a 49-year-old female patient had a right breast mass. An ultrasound scan revealed an uneven doubtful growth in the right breast as well as swollen of the axillary lymph nodes. After a wide local excision, histopathology revealed that the patient had invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a positive resection margin, and he was admitted to the Surgery Department. No distal metastasis was seen on a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, or pelvis, so the patient had a right mastectomy and axillary clearance. Residual invasive ductal carcinoma was found on histopathology and immunohistochemistry with positivity for the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor. Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) affected the axillary lymph nodes, affirmed by immunohistochemical staining positive for CD20, CD5, CD23 and BCL-2 while negative for CD3 and Cyclin D1. Resection margins were free. Second cancers are characterized by being linked to SCL, and some researchers have described that the risk of second cancers is elevated in SCL patients. We represent a combined case of synchronous primary SCL with breast cancer and endometrial cancer in a woman which is a rare occurrence.
An Enhanced Error Detection and Correction Scheme for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Data Storage
Authors: Abukari Arnold Mashud , Bankas Edem Kwedzo , Iddrisu Mohammed Muniru
Published: November 2021

In this research paper, a Redundant Residue Number System (n,k) code is introduced to enhance Cloud ERP Data storage. The research findings have been able to demonstrate the application  of Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) in the concept of Cloud ERP Data storage. The scheme contributed in addressing data loss challenges during data transmission. The proposed scheme also addressed and improved the probability of failure to access data compared to other existing systems. The proposed scheme adopted the concept of Homomorphic encryption and secret sharing whiles applying Redundant Residue Number System to detect and correct errors.The moduli set used is {2m, 2m + 1, 2m+1 - 1, 2m+1 + 1, 2m+1 + k, 22m - k, 22m + 1} where k is the number of the information moduli set used. The information moduli set is {2m, 2m + 1, 2m+1 - 1} and the redundant moduli is {2m+1 + 1, 2m+1 + k, 22m - k, 22m + 1}. The proposed scheme per the simulation results using python reveals that it performs far better in terms of data loss and failure to access data related concerns. The proposed scheme performed better between 41.2% for data loss to about 99% for data access based on the combination of (2, 4) and (2, 5) data shares respectively in a (k, n) settings.