bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian Cossacks on the construction of the Ladoga channel
Authors: Slesarenko O. M.
Published: May 2019

In the article the author using the methods of quantitative analysis, statistical and historical-comparative method illuminates one of the little-known events: 1720-ies the construction of a canal bypassing Lake Ladoga Ukrainian Cossacks. Cossacks execution of these works, on the one hand, violated the Autonomous rights of the Hetman of Ukraine and class privileges of the Cossacks, and on the other hand, has caused large losses of the Ukrainian Cossacks. The greatest losses were in the first year of participation in the construction of the canal, more than 33 %. In subsequent years, the amount of losses fell to 25–10 %. Probably this is due to the accumulated sad experience and more thorough training, both the Cossacks and their commanders. Finally, the author uses new archival materials. In the process of studying the events of 1720–1725 years, the author found that the use of Cossacks in the construction works was uneven: at the initial stage (until 1723) the participation of the Cossacks in the construction of the Ladoga canal was more intense, and in the next three years, their share among employees has decreased almost twice. However, at the same time, the Ukrainian Cossacks had to take part in the conquests of Tsar Peter I in the Caspian region. Paradoxically, loss of the Cossacks in the fighting was twice smaller than in the channel. Besides, we have not confirmed the thesis of some historians that the involvement of the Ukrainian regiments became a form of punishment for separatism Hetman Mazepa.The link works, the Cossacks were used in conjunction with the regular regiments of the Russian army and with the same intensity. The determining factors to the high losses among the Ukrainian Cossacks became unfavorable climatic conditions, poor organization of work and embezzlement of Russian officials.
National Identity and Historical Memory
Authors: Gnatenko P. I.
Published: May 2019

According to a British researcher of nation phenomenon A.D. Smith, national identity is a main form of collective identity, a dominant criteria of culture and identity. That’s way the aim of the article is a clarification of two notions: national identity and historical memory.National identity has relations with national self-consciousness. National self-consciousness consists of knowledge and presentations of national community, its historical past and present, spiritual and material culture, language and national character.There are three conceptions of roots of Ukrainian national identity. The first is a chauvinistic conception. According to this conception Ukrainian nation never existed. It’s only a dialect group of Russian nation. The second is unity of three nations – Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian and the senior brother is Russian nation and Ukrainian and Belorussian are juniors. The third conception is the autochthonous-autonomic conception (the author is M. Grushevs’ky).The autochthonic-autonomic conception has two poles of origins of Ukrainian nation. The first pole – Tripoli culture, Ukrainian nation was born in 7–2 millennium B.C. The second pole – 10–11 centuries A.C. The Illarion’s ‘Word about Law and Grace’, ‘Kyiv-Pechersky Patericum’ etc. are the basics of Ukrainian nation.In contemporary Europe we can observe reformation of the problem of national identity and rising of an ethnical factor and a historical memory. A historical memory is a complex of installations, stereotypes, habits, traditions, constant aspects of national character, national senses, their mark by social consciousness.National senses are ground of installations and stereotypes. They are emotional-psychological background of actions of a national character. National senses are a part of a political self-consciousness, a personal political culture.
Lviv printings general professional assosiation of mutual assistance in 1856-1867. Analysis of activity
Authors: Berest I. R.
Published: May 2019

The attempt to analyze and show the important role of Lviv printers and to describe their role in the development of Galician society has been made in the article. This attempt has been made on the basis of documents, the principle of historicism, scientific and objective approach. The importance and problematic of the comprehensive study of the oldest history of the creation, formation and development of Lviv printers’ professional co-operation of mutual assistance has been highlighted, and the history and activities of this organization in stages have been described. In general, trade unions emerged as an independent united self-defense organizations and they were formed in the form of workers’ associations and mutual assistance funds. During the first half of the nineteenth century the crystallization of the activities of trade unions happened under the influence of various measures, hold by the administrations, the police and the authorities. This contributed to the further unification of labor and the creation of all-city union of printers in Lviv. It is quite logical that the basis of their actions was their desire to achieve and get the working solidarity, mutual support and assistance. The activities of the trade union were regulated by the statutes. First of all, the purpose of the establishment and operation of the organization was socio-economic, cultural and educational ones. Those purposes were approved by the relevant state authorities and, thus, prevented trade unions from participating in political life.The short period of the 1860-1880s can be considered to be a separate stage in the process of the formation of the mass trade union movement in Galicia. Together with the trade unions of printers, settlers, brokers, masons, carpenters, builders, tanneries, metal workers, doctors, pharmacists, tradesmen, postmen, civil servants, lawyers and many others united and became active partners of the region.The problem, which has been investigated in the article, has a valuable scientific significance as it allows to solve one of the most important issues: to get the historical understanding of activities of Lviv trade union organizations, which have not been thoroughly studied yet.
Socio-cultural aspects of social organization of boarding-type educational institutions: the socio-systematic model
Authors: Gordienko N. M.
Published: May 2019

Theoretical aspects of the socio-systematic model of boarding schools’ social organization has been studied in the article. It has been proved that the social organization of boarding schools reflects the nature of the relationship in an educational institutions, norms of activity, students’ values, identity, philosophy and other qualities that characterize the cultural aspects of boarding schools’ social organization.The system model of boarding schools’ social organization has been suggested by the author. This model consists of three subsystems. The first subsystem contains the integrating components of educational organization, such as the social constants of boarding schools’ functioning, its mission and identity. The second one contains the elements of the system of thought-formation, i.e. the personal philosophy of the social actors of boarding schools, the direction of its activity, the hierarchy of values of the boarding school’s pupils and its status-role hierarchy. The world view characteristics of boarding schools’ social actors are understood as a special social card that allows us to determine the role of boarding schools in a society and to find the key identities, which form it as an educational institution. The consequences of different types of personal philosophy of boarding schools’ social actors have been analyzed. These are: administrative, staff and pedagogical ones. From those above-mentioned, only the pedagogical type corresponds to the mission of this social institution, while others are the sources of corruption and other deviations of boarding schools’ activity.The third subsystem contains the elements of a normative model, which includes the social norms for the students of boarding schools, the social nature of the pupils of boarding schools and the social scenarios for the graduates of boarding schools. The students of boarding schools have been divided into three groups according to the criterion of their attitude to social norms. The first group of students includes those who are prone to egocentrism and deviant behavior. The students of the second group are more prone to act in accordance with social norms under the influence of group pressure. The third group consists of those students who are inclined to act in accordance with norms based on self-help efforts.The components of the social character of pupils and social scenarios of boarding schools’ graduates, which correspond to their life trajectories after the completion of their course of study, have been analyzed by the author of the article.
Pandemic as an antisystem: analysis of constitutive aspects
Authors: Lukanova V. V.
Published: May 2019

It has been shown in the article that the negative medianity is that theoretical concept, which, on the one hand, shows the clinical picture of each particular case of a pandemic, and, on the other hand, it takes into account the socio-cultural, economic-geographical and other specific circumstances of the emergence of the pandemic.It has been found out that cases of the negative medianity can be represented in the horizons of language games by L. Wittgenstein. The essence of mosaic pandemics has been characterized through the concept of language games, firstly, by a certain set of concepts (verbal cut), secondly, by a certain set of actions for the diagnosis and counteraction of a pandemic (nonverbal cut), thirdly, by a certain compendium of the rules to be followed (normative cut), and fourthly, by some uncertainty as it is impossible to predict how pandemic will end (a cut of uncertainty).A semiotic approach to the study of the phenomenon of the pandemic has been suggested. It has been shown that the semiotic approach to the study of the pandemic contains, on the one hand, the stratagems of a medical semiotic, which consists of general and private parts, and on the other hand, it consists of semiotics as a humanitarian and interdisciplinary research direction.It has been found out that the semiotic structure of the pandemic should take into account three levels which predict each other mutually.It has been shown in the article that the concept of «extreme situation» is based on the non-classical understanding of the situation, which involves the presence of several aspects: problems, shocks, choices, boundaries and mood. It has been proved that the features of the pandemic as an extreme situation are: negligence, danger, extra ordinariness, stress, non-adaptation. The three layers of the extreme situation have been revealed (empirical, containing a number of moments: occurrence, vital safety, marginality, reality and potentialities of consequences; formal-psychological, reactive, personal, interactive, transactional points of view; meta psychological or ontological or existential-axiological, which in its turn includes three points of view: meta-psychological, ontological and existential-axiological).It has been shown that the antagonism of entropy and negentropy in the framework of the humanity-environment system is mutually exclusive and is rooted in the fundamental binary opposition of «order / chaos». And in the modern post-classical world this requires the search for new dialogues between humanity and the environment.
Fantasmas da liberdade: a relação entre teoria e prática como crítica às formas de reconciliação entre espírito e natureza
Authors: Silva Eduardo Soares Neves
Published: May 2019

Neste artigo, o autor recompõe uma passagem da Dialética Negativa, de Adorno, com a intenção de desenvolver um modelo de pensamento a partir do qual a ideia de liberdade é relacionada ao problema teoria-prática.
Surveillance e as “novas” tecnologias de Controle biopolítico
Authors: Amaral Augusto Jobim do , Dias Felipe da Veiga
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo tem como tema o surveillance e a sociedade do controle biopolítico, sendo dada ênfase à conexão com o sistema penal e as tecnologias dispostas nas práticas de segurança. Tem-se como problema de pesquisa como e de que forma operam os “novos” mecanismos de surveillance em prol da segurança no modelo biopolítico do Estado penal? Conclui-se que o modelo de controle atual baseado em riscos e algoritmos emprega o surveillance (e suas “novas” tecnologias) em uma atuação securitária seletiva, adotando o discurso “científico/tecnológico” como escusa para manutenção discriminatória de uma biopolítica da atuação penal voltada para morte de sujeitos e grupos sociais específicos. Por fim, a metodologia empregada compreende uma abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica, um método de procedimento monográfico e técnica de pesquisa por documentação indireta.
Facets of impulsivity and related aspects differentiate among recreational and unregulated use of Internet pornography
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Mueller Silke M. , Wegmann Elisa , Trotzke Patrick , Schulte Max M. , Brand Matthias
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Unregulated Internet pornography (IP) use is discussed as a clinically significant disorder. Because of its primarily rewarding nature, IP is a predestinated target for addictive behaviors. However, not every user develops an unregulated usage pattern. In fact, most users tend to use IP recreationally. Impulsivity-related constructs have been identified as promoters of addictive behaviors. It is unclear whether these impulsivity-related constructs are specific for unregulated IP use or also play a role in recreational but frequent behaviors. In this study, we investigated impulsive tendencies (trait impulsivity, delay discounting, and cognitive style), craving toward IP, attitude regarding IP, and coping styles in individuals with recreational–occasional, recreational–frequent, and unregulated IP use.

Methods

A total of 1,498 heterosexual males participated in an online survey. Groups of individuals with recreational–occasional use (n = 333), recreational–frequent use (n = 394), and unregulated use (n = 225) of IP were identified by screening instruments.

Results

Craving and attitude regarding IP as well as delay discounting and cognitive and coping styles differed between groups. Individuals with unregulated use showed the highest scores for craving, attentional impulsivity, delay discounting, and dysfunctional coping, and lowest scores for functional coping and need for cognition. Recreational–frequent users had the most positive attitude toward IP. Motor and non-planning impulsivity did not differ between groups.

Discussion and conclusions

The results indicate that some facets of impulsivity and related factors such as craving and a more negative attitude are specific for unregulated IP users. The results are also consistent with models on specific Internet use disorders and addictive behaviors.
Social media addiction and sexual dysfunction among Iranian women: The mediating role of intimacy and social support
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Lin Chung-Ying , Imani Vida , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Social media use has become increasingly popular among Internet users. Given the widespread use of social media on smartphones, there is an increasing need for research examining the impact of the use of such technologies on sexual relationships and their constructs such as intimacy, satisfaction, and sexual function. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism why social media addiction impacts on sexual distress. This study investigated whether two constructs (intimacy and perceived social support) were mediators in the association of social media addiction and sexual distress among married women.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted where all participants (N = 938; mean age = 36.5 years) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale to assess social media addiction, the Female Sexual Distress Scale – Revised to assess sexual distress, the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale to assess intimacy, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to assess perceived social support.

Results

The results showed that social media addiction had direct and indirect (via intimacy and perceived social support) effects on sexual function and sexual distress.

Discussion and conclusions

The findings of this study facilitate a better understanding of how problematic engaging to social media can affect couples’ intimacy, perceived social support, and constructs of sexual function. Consequently, sexual counseling should be considered an essential element for assessing individual behaviors in the context of social media use.
Extracranialis carotis aneurysmák korszerű kezelése
Authors: Nyilas Áron , Palásthy Zsolt , Mihály Zsuzsanna , Veres-Lakos Enikő , Szeberin Zoltán
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Aneurysm of the extracranial carotid artery is a rare condition and there is a diversity in the etiology. The proper treatment could be a real challenge for the surgeons. Aim: Analysis of perioperative and long term results of invasive treatment for carotid artery aneurysm. Method: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who had open or endovascular surgery due to carotid artery aneurysm through the last 13 years at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the Semmelweis University and at the Department of Surgery of the University of Szeged. Medical history, characteristics of the aneurysms, therapy and the follow-up results were reviewed. Results: Over the study period, 25 interventions were performed due to carotid artery aneurysm. There were 10 men and 15 women with a mean age of 57.8 ± 15.15 years. Seventeen patients (68%) were symptomatic. The mean aneurysm diameter was 26.8 ± 11.25 mm. The underlying etiology was atherosclerosis in eleven (44%), prior carotid endarterectomy in four (16%), infection in four (16%) and other cause (connective tissue disease, dissection, trauma) in six (24%) cases. Nineteen patients underwent open surgery, six underwent endovascular treatment. Death within 30 days was documented in one (4%) case. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.52 ± 2.38 days. Three (12%) patients required reintervention postoperatively. Peripheral nerve injuries were detected in four (16%) patients, all after open surgery. No stroke was documented within 30 days. The mean follow-up was 41.2 ± 38.54 months. Five (24%) deaths were not related to the carotid artery disease. One patient had stroke, one had transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and in two cases asymptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion was described. Conclusion: Both open surgery and endovascular intervention can be safely applied in the treatment of carotid artery aneurysm. Considering the variable etiology and rarity, we recommend to perform the interventions in vascular surgery centres. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(21): 815–821.
Halláscsökkenést okozó etiológiai tényezők cochlearis implantáción átesett gyermekekben
Authors: Kecskeméti Nóra , Gáborján Anita , Szőnyi Magdolna , Küstel Marianna , Baranyi Ildikó , Molnár Mária Judit , Tamás László , Gál Anikó , Szirmai Ágnes
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Congenital sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common sensory defects affecting 1–3 children per 1000 newborns. There are a lot of causes which result in congenital hearing loss, the most common is the genetic origin, but infection, cochlear malformation or other acquired causes can be reasons as well. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the etiological factors of congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss in children who underwent cochlear implantation. Results: Our results show that the origin of the hearing loss was discovered in 62.9% of our patients. The most common etiological factor was the c.35delG mutation of the gap junction protein β-2 gene, the allele frequency was 38.7% in our cohort. Infection constituted to 10.1%, and meningitis and cytomegalovirus infection were the second most common cause. 79.9% of our patients received sufficient hearing rehabilitation before the end of the speech development’s period (6 years old), but 11.2% of our cases were still diagnosed late. Conclusions: Based on our data we can state that genetic evaluation is crucial in the diagnostic process of congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss. Sufficient hearing rehabilitation affects the whole life of the child, and by late cochlear implantation the speech development falls behind. We can decrease the ratio of the late implantation with the new protocol of newborn hearing screening, and with sufficient information provided to the colleagues, so the children may be referred to the proper center for rehabilitation without delay. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(21): 822–828.
A diabetes és a depresszió együttes előfordulása, lehetséges kétirányú kapcsolata és szűrésük jelentősége
Authors: Hargittay Csenge , Márkus Bernadett , Vörös Krisztián , Tabák Gy. Ádám
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Diabetes and depression are considered global epidemics. Both have multifactorial aetiologies, including external, environmental factors and internal factors in connection with physiological processes as well as genetic variants triggering disease onset. Although the co-occurrence of diabetes and depression is well described, the mechanisms underlying these diseases and their interactions are still not entirely revealed. The authors aimed to present known and potential explanations of the co-occurrence of these diseases and to highlight the importance of their timely diagnosis and effective treatment, as their co-occurrence may increase morbidity and mortality. Screening for depression among diabetes patients and for diabetes among patients with depression may decrease the incidence of complications and consequences of this comorbidity and may foster more effective treatment. General practitioners play a key role in the care of both diseases by providing timely diagnosis and adequate treatment potentially leading to a better quality of life, slower disease progression and decreased risk of complications. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(21): 807–814.
Lemorzsolódási kockázat az orvostanhallgatók körében
Authors: Dinyáné Szabó Marianna , Pusztai Gabriella , Szemerszki Marianna
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: From 2015, medical education has introduced a cost-reimbursement for medical students who do not reach the yearly rising weighted average. Aim: The authors examine the dropout behaviour of Hungarian medical students. Method: Analysis of the Higher Education Information System based on the database of those who started their medical studies in 2010 (n = 1046). Results: Early retardation of credit accumulation, the use of passive semesters are typical for dropouts. 83.6% of those who started their studies studied in state-funded education, with 9.4% dropouts among them, 50% among cost-reimbursement students. Multivariate analysis revealed the factors affecting dropout. Conclusion: The chances of dropping out are increased by the low credit number, the number of passive semesters, the cost-reimbursement financing form. A dormitory residence is safety net, the student can make social capital that can support the success of his studies. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(21): 829–834.
Challenges in accessing fieldwork in rural Himalayas: An emerging researcher's experiences
Authors: Rana Karna , Greenwood Janinka , Fox-Turnbull Wendy , Wise Stuart
Published: May 2019

This article is the reflection of an emerging researcher who has experienced different nudges from the beginning of accessing the research field to the final stage of collating data in rural Nepal. My experiences and reflections may provide provocations to researchers to consider before they undertake field research. Areas that researchers should be aware of before entering the field include strategies of approaching the resources, socio-cultural and language diversities, topography and travel complication. The article offers those considering field research in remote areas, such as rural Nepal, an opportunity for rethinking a case study research approach, choosing appropriate methodological tools, sampling strategies and accessing resources.
The comparative study of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells allocated from different sources
Authors: Basok Yu. B. , Grigoriev A. M. , Kirsanova L. A. , Vakhrushev I. V. , Tsvetkova A. V. , Gryadunova A. A. , Yarygin K. N. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. As an alternative to autochondral transplantation, variants of chondrocyte replacement with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were considered, since these cells are present in all organs and tissues of human body and possess multilinear potential for differentiation. A number of studies demonstrate that the ability for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs from different tissues varies, however, those studies are few and controversial. In accordance with the ethical principles and the technical ease of obtaining, adipose tissue, Wharton’s jelly (stroma) and dental pulp are the most attractive sources of MSCs for tissue engineering.

Aim: to compare the chondrogenic potential of MSCs allocated from adipose tissue, Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord, and human deciduous teeth pulp cultured in the composition of microspheres (pellets).

Materials and methods. The phenotype of primary cultures of MSCs was studied via flow microscopy. Chondrogenic differentiation was performed with 3D-culture in microspheres in the presence of TGFβ1 for two weeks under standard conditions. Human chondroblasts were used as a positive control. Cell viability was determined by fluorescent staining. Morphological study was performed using histological and immunohistochemical staining methods.

Results. Cultures of MSCs from all sources had similar phenotypes CD29+, CD34–, CD44+, CD49b+, CD45–, CD73+, CD90+, HLADR. In the mass of living cells in microspheres only singular dead cells were visualized. A significant production of extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed in the chondroblast and adipose tissue microspheres, whereas in the microspheres of dental pulp and umbilical cord stroma derived MSCs, no significant ECM was detected. Among the MSCs, the highest production of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the ECM was observed in the microspheres of adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and the lowest production – in the microspheres of dental pulp-derived MSCs. Conclusion. A histological analysis of all microspheres after 14 days of culturing in the chondrogenic medium revealed the signs of differentiation in the chondrogenic direction, a progressive increase of the ECM produced by cells, and the presence of total collagen and GAG in it. Of all the MSCs studied, the greatest chondrogenic potential in vitro (the intensity of development of ECM components) is possessed by the adipose tissue-derived MSCs.
The cyclosporine transdermal transfer possibility study on model systems
Authors: Kuznetsova E. G. , Kuryleva O. M. , Salomatina L. A. , Belov V. Yu. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: May 2019

Aim: to develop the emulsion transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of cyclosporine and the research of its diffusion from TTS.

Materials and methods. The quantitative evaluation of cyclosporine in model media was performed on liquid chromatograph Agilent 1100 G1311 with spectrophotometric detector G1315B (Germany). For the production of the emulsion matrix, the Heidolph DIAX900 disperser (Germany) and the ultrasonic homogenizer Hielscher UIS250V (Germany) were used. The cyclosporine diffusion from TTS through Strat-M membrane (25 mm in diameter, Merck Millipore) was studied using Copley diffusion analyser (Great Britain).

Results. Using the developed method of micro-HPLC, it was established that the amount of cyclosporine passed through the Strat-M membrane over 24 hours from 10 sm2 TTS, containing 173 mg of the substance, was 5.9 mg. The estimated blood concentration is ~ 50 ng/ml which corresponds to the therapeutic maintenance blood concentration during organ transplantation (50–75 ng/ml).

Conclusion. The model studies demonstrate the possibility of the cyclosporine transdermal transfer.
Adhesion, proliferation and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the surface of biodegradable non-woven matrices modified with RGD peptides
Authors: Antonova L. V. , Silnikov V. N. , Khanova M. Yu. , Koroleva L. S. , Serpokrilova I. Yu. , Velikanova E. A. , Matveeva V. G. , Senokosova E. A. , Mironov A. V. , Krivkina E. O. , Kudryavtseva Yu. A. , Barbarash L. S.
Published: May 2019

Tissue engineering is a promising area for the production of small-diameter vascular grafts. In recent years, a number of strategies have been developed to make the polymer surfaces of vascular prostheses capable to selectively adhesion of endothelial cells. The arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequence (a cell adhesion site that is present on many extracellular matrix proteins) is the promising target for modification. The efficiency of attachment of endothelial cells can be influenced both by the structure of RGD peptide and the extent of linker group.

Aim: to determine the optimal method for modification of non-woven matrices of polyhydroxybutyrate/ valerate and polycaprolactone (PHBV/PCL) by RGD-peptides leading to the increasing of adhesion, viability and proliferation of endothelial cells.

Materials and methods. Electrospinning was used to produce 4 mm diameter tubular polymer matrices from PHBV/PCL. Modification of surface of polymer scaffolds was performed using 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridekandiamin, hexamethylenediamine, glutaraldehyde, ninhydrin, ascorbic acid, a cyclic peptide c [RGDFK], RGDK, AhRGD. The quality of modification was assessed by ninhydrin test and determination of arginine-containing peptide. The structure of the surface of matrices before and after modification was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Adhesion, viability and proliferation of Human umbilical vein (HUVEC) endothelial cells cultured for 7 days on the surface of matrices in the presence of RGD and without one were examined using fluorescence and laser scanning microscopy after the cells were pre-stained with fluorescent nuclear dyes (ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33342), and also by special kits for proliferation assessment (Click-iTTM Plus EdU Alexa FluorTM 488 Imaging Kit).

Results. RGD peptides bound to the matrix surface via a long linker (4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine) were characterized by the increased bioavailability and activity. High level of cell adhesion, viability and proliferation were noted on the surface of RGDK and c[RGDFK] modified matrices, whereas their paired analogues with a short linker (hexamethylenediamine) showed low results of cellular viability even against satisfactory cell adhesion.

Discussion. Non-woven matrices based on PHBV/PCL and modified using 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine showed better results in case of adhesion of HUVEC and subsequent preservation of cell viability and proliferation. RGD-containing peptides of RGDK and c [RGDFK] were more tropic to endothelial cell receptors.
Therapeutic efficacy of intra-arterial administration of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural progenitor cells in acute experimental ischemic stroke in rats
Authors: Namestnikova D. D. , Gubskiy I. L. , Salikhova D. I. , Leonov G. E. , Sukhinich K. K. , Melnikov P. A. , Vishnevskiy D. A. , Cherkashova E. A. , Gabashvili A. N. , Bukharova T. B. , Burunova V. V. , Fatkhudinov T. Kh. , Chekhonin V. P. , Gubsky L. V. , Kiselev S. L. , Goldstein D. V. , Yarygin K. N.
Published: May 2019

Aim. Neural progenitor cells (NPC) are used for the development of cell therapies of neurological diseases. Their stereotaxic transplantation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model imitating ischemic stroke results in symptom aleviation. However, exploration of less invasive transplantation options is essential, because stereotaxic transplantation is a complex procedure and can be applied to humans only by vital indications in a specialized neurological ward. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy of the experimental ischemic stroke by the intra-arterial transplantation of NPC.

Materials and methods. NPC for transplantation (IPSC-NPC) were derived by two-stage differentiation of cells of a stable line of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stroke modeling in rats was carried out by transitory 90 min endovascular MCAO by a silicon-tipped filament. NPC were transplanted 24 hours after MCAO. Repetitive magnetic resonance tomography of experimental animals was made with the Bruker BioSpin ClinScan tomograph with 7 Tl magnetic field induction. Animal survival rate and neurological deficit (using mNSS standard stroke severity scale) were evaluated at the 1st (before IPSC-NPC transplantation), 7th and 14th day after transplantation. Histological studies were carried out following standard protocols.

Results. Intra-arterial transplantation of 7 × 105 IPSC-NPC in 1 ml at a constant 100 l/min rate in case of secured blood flow through the internal carotid artery did not cause brain capillary embolism, additional cytotoxic brain tissue edemas or other complications, while inducing increase of animal survival rate and enhanced revert of the neurological deficit. IPSC-NPC accumulation in brain after intra-arterial infusion was demonstrated. Some cells interacted with the capillary endothelium and probably penetrated through the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion. Therapeutic efficacy of the systemic, intra-arterial administration of NPC in ischemic stroke has been experimentally proven. A method of secure intra-arterial infusion of cell material into the internal carotid artery middle in rats has been developed and tested.
Intravascular visualization methods in estimating vasculopathy of a transplanted heart
Authors: Sakhovsky S. A. , Koloskova N. N. , Goncharova A. Yu. , Mironkov B. L.
Published: May 2019

One of the pathognomonic signs of сardiac allograft vasculopathy is concentric intimal hyperplasia, which can be assessed by intravascular imaging techniques. Early detection of cardiac graft vasculopathy and timely correction of immunosuppressive therapy can help slow the pathological process and, as a result, increase the functional survival of the heart graft. Recently, the method of intravascular optical coherence tomography, which improves the accuracy of the assessment of the layers of the vascular wall and is considered as an alternative to intravascular ultrasound, is becoming more and more common. This review focuses on the importance of modern methods of intravascular imaging in the early diagnosis of cardiac graft vasculopathy and the identification of predictors of this disease.
Deflection of deceased organ donation by society: reasons and structure of mortal fears
Authors: Reznik O. N. , Prilutskii A. M. , Lebedev V. Yu. , Mikhel D. V.
Published: May 2019

From the standpoint of social and humanitarian knowledge, the article analyzes the problem of the shortage of donor organs and resistance to the practice of deceased donation. Within the framework of a broad historical perspective, ancient and modern mortal fears are considered, the connection between the formation of modern medicine and the practice of dealing with the bodies of deceased people is discussed. The influence of social crises on the growth of social mistrust in relation to medicine and transplantations is analyzed. The role of mass media in shaping the negative image of organ donation is discussed and the question of the need for changing media policy is raised.
Gender aspects of incidence of antibody-mediated rejection and allograft vasculopathy events after heart transplantation
Authors: Koloskova N. N. , Poptsov V. N. , Zakharevich V. М. , Muminov I. I. , Mozheyko N. P. , Gichkun O. E. , Nikitina Е. А. , Cvan V. S. , Khalilulin T. A. , Zakiryanov A. R. , Shevchenko A. O.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Despite improvements in immunosuppressive therapy, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains one of the most important risk factors for poor prognosis for survival of recipients, cardiac graft dysfunction, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after heart transplantation.

Aim: to assess the incidence of case of antibodymediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy depending on the gender of the patients who underwent heart transplantation in our Center from January 2010 to December 2017.

Methods. The median observation was 42 months. The study comprised 606 patients (84 [14%] women) who underwent heart transplantation in 2010 to 2017. We analyzed all the episodes of antibody-mediated rejection, which were diagnosed by the results of endomyocardial biopsies.

Results. We comparing the total incidence of antibody-mediated rejection and we are found significant differences among men and women who underwent heart transplantation (p < 0.05), the survival rate during the first year after heart transplantation was 95 and 92%, respectively. The incidence of antibody-consistent rejection was significantly higher among women who had a history of pregnancy and/or use of mechanical circulatory support systems (UNOS status 1A) in the pre-transplantation history (p < 0.05), and we also found significant differences in the incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in women diagnosed with AMR (p < 0.05). The survival rate among women within a year after the diagnosis of AMR is 83% compared to 96% of the recipients free from AMR.

Conclusions. Women are at higher risk for AMR after heart transplantation and it increases their risk for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Females recipients may more frequent myocardial control biopsies and a personalized approach in prescribing immunosuppressive therapy. Women-recipients of transplanted heart should undergo These measures will help to identify in time the development of antibodymediated rejection and reduce the incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplant.
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of everolimus immunosuppressive therapy for de novo kidney transplant recipients in Russia
Authors: Avxentyev N. A. , Derkach E. V. , Prokopenko E. I.
Published: May 2019

Currently, patients after kidney transplantation can receive mycophenolate mofetil (MPM), mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclosporine (CSA) and tacrolimus (TAC) through the Federal High-cost Nosologies Program (VZN) in Russia. Use of everolimus (EVL) in combination with a reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitors has some advantages over the current practice of immunosuppressive therapy that is financed through VZN.

Aim: to conduct a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic research of using EVL for immunosuppressive therapy of adult de novokidney transplantation recipients in comparison with the current immunosuppressive therapy practice that is covered by the VZN Program in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. According to the latest clinical data, effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy schemes based on EVL and MPA is comparable, which allows to use ‘cost minimization’ method for pharmacoeconomic research. We also performed budget impact analysis of the VZN Program expenditures for a period of 2020–2022.

Results. The three-year medication costs of using EVL-based immunosuppressive scheme were 502,785 RUB, which was 508,493 RUB (50.3%) less than medication costs of using MPA-based schemes that are covered by the VZN Program in current practice. The inclusion of EVL to the VZN Program will reduce its costs by 90 million RUB during the first year (2020), by 181 million RUB – during the second year (2021), and by 262 million RUB during the third year (2022). In three years VZN Program costs could be reduced by 533 million RUB (48.6%).

Conclusion. Use of EVL is a cost-saving approach for immunosuppressive therapy of adult de novo kidney transplant recipients, compared to MPA-based schemes, that are covered by the VZN Program in current practice in Russia.
Survival analysis of patients in the waiting list for kidney transplantation in terms of competing risks
Authors: Vatazin A. V. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Stepanov V. A.
Published: May 2019

Aim: to analyze the survival of patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation and the results of transplantation depending on the duration of waiting.

Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective observational analysis that included 1,197 patients on the waiting list. The end point was exclusion from the waiting list (WL). The causes for exclusion (death, exclusion due to deterioration of the comorbid background or transplantation) were considered in terms of competing risks.

Results. In total, 72.5% of patients reached the end point: 21.1% of them died, 11% were excluded, and 40.4% underwent transplantation. Kaplan–Meier estimate showed that cumulative risk of death was 80.4% [95% CI 77.9; 88.6], of exclusion was 77.9% [95% CI 65.4; 88.2], of transplantation was 63.6% [95% CI 58.3; 69] after 10 years on the waiting list. However, such an assessment cannot be directly interpreted as a prediction of the relevant event risk of occurrence for the patient in the WL, because it does not take into account competing events. According to a balanced assessment of the competing risks (Fine and Gray estimate), cumulative incidence was 30.9% (95% CI 27.7; 34.2) for death, 18.2% [95% CI 15.5; 21.1] for exclusion and 49.4% [95% CI 46; 52.6%] for transplantation after 10 years on WL. The probability of transplantation was significantly higher than the risk of death up to and including 5 years of waiting (incidence rate ratio – IRR 1.769 [95% CI 1.098; 2.897]). When waiting 7 to 8 years, the probability of transplantation was less than the risk of death: IRR 0.25 (95% CI 0.093; 0.588; p = 0.0009). Of the 483 recipients, 61 died and 119 returned to dialysis. The risk of graft loss after 10 years was 68.5% [95% CI 57.5; 79.1] and the risk of death of a recipient with a functioning graft was 48.3% [95% CI 34.7; 63] according to Kaplan–Meier estimate. The cumulative incidence of the method was 30.8% [95% CI 23.3; 38.5%] and 55.7% [95% CI 46.6; 63.5%] according to Fine and Gray estimate, respectively. The risk of death after transplantation increases significantly when waiting for more than 6 years – IRR 4.325 [95% CI 1.649; 10.47], p = 0.0045 relative to a shorter waiting period. With an increase in the waiting period, the comorbid background (CIRS scale) deteriorates significantly, even adjusted for the initial patient condition: the partial correlation r = 0.735; p < 0.0001.

Conclusion. 1. In the context of competing risks, the Fine and Gray estimate gives a more balanced risk assessment compared to the Kaplan–Meier method. 2. Increasing the waiting time for transplantation significantly increases the risk of death of the candidate on the waiting list and reduces the probability of transplantation, as well as increases the risk of death of the recipient after transplantation. Apparently, this is mainly due to the deterioration of the comorbid background.
Criteria for diagnosis of humoral rejection using the method of 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Tkhatl L. K. , Stavenchuk T. V. , Kosmachova E. D. , Pashkova I. A.
Published: May 2019

Aim:to identify predictors of humoral rejection at different stages using non-invasive methods of 2D-speckletracking echocardiography, to determine the correlation with immunological changes.

Materials and methods.The study was conducted on the basis of Regional Clinic Hospital of Krasnodar from 2010 to 2017. The analysis of 181 heart recipients was performed. 5 groups were allocated due to the crisis of humoral rejection and the identified antibodies to donor leukocyte antigens (HLA antibodies): group 1 (n = 10) – DSA and humoral rejection, group 2 (n = 7), patients with non-DSA and humoral rejection, group 3 (n = 17) – patients with antibodies to HLA, no humoral rejection, group 4 (n = 11), humoral crisis of rejection, with no identified HLA antibodies, group 5 (n = 87) – patients do not have antibodies to HLA and signs of both humoral and cellular rejection according to EMB. Recipients were carried out endomyocardial biopsy, immunological study, 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography, statistical methods.

Results.The diagnostic criteria for a humoral rejection is greater than 1 degree are global peak systolic strain or strain rate of left ventricle (GLPSLV) – 9.94 ± 1.37% (the sensitivity was 86.2%, specificity – 90.4%); radial systolic strain (RadSLV) of 19.36 ± 3.66% (sensitivity was 75.8%, specificity – 84.5%); circumferential systolic strain (CiRSLV) – 17.83 ± 4.79% (sensitivity was 78.6%, specificity – 84.4%); the twisting of the left ventricle (twist) – 8.90 ± 1.85% (sensitivity – 66.7%, specificity – 94.2%), p < 0.001. When considering indicators GLPSLV and longitudinal peak strain of the right ventricle (GLPSRV) in the diagnosis of humoral rejection sensitivity increases to 91.9%, specificity increases to 94.6%, p < 0.001.

Conclusion.GLPSLV has greater sensitivity at the stage of subclinical changes. It is more significantly reduced with increasing degree of rejection associated with episodes of rejection in comparison with other parameters and deformation mechanics. The interrelation between histological and immunological changes and impaired myocardial deformation. The proposed diagnostic algorithm will predict humoral rejection.
Issues and perspectives of building a regional system of donor services (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region)
Authors: Romanov S. V. , Abaeva O. P. , Alexandrova O. Yu. , Smirnova G. Yu.
Published: May 2019

Aim: to determine the perspectives of development a regional system of donor services (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region) based on analysis of current results of its activity.

Materials and methods. Protocols of the donor’s initial examination, acts of organ removal for transplantation, questionnaires of 266 doctors of donor bases in the region. Research methods: sociological, statistical.

Results. The efficacy of the system of collaboration between the participants of organ donation existing in Nizhny Novgorod region is mainly determined by the activity of doctors on donor bases. According to the results of the questioning of doctors, the most significant factor determining their inclination to collaborate with the Center of organ donation is the direction by the administration of the medical organization (59,3 ± 3,0%). Only 11,1 ± 1,3% of the interviewed doctors stressed their understanding of the importance of the development of organ transplantation programs. As a result, the number of hospitals actually reporting the presence of donors was a half of the number established by the local administration of medical services in 2009. This indicator decreased more than 50% by 2017. During the period of 2009–2017, 488 calls of donor services were registered, while 354 calls ended up being ineffective mainly due to low level of qualification among the specialists of donor bases. During the examined period, there were registered 83 posthumous removals of donor organs with the death of the subjects being mainly (87,6 ± 3,4%) caused by an infarction of cerebral blood circulation. The losses of the donor resource resulted from inability to receive organs from persons who died as a result of injuries due to the rejection of their relatives (49 cases).

Conclusion. Optimization of the use of the donor resource of the region is possible only if the development of the organ donation program is promoted at the level of the territorial public health authority. In the case of solving this issue, it is hypothetically possible for the region to achieve an indicator of donor activity of 25 per 1 mln. person.