bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical protection in aggregates and organo-mineral associations contribute to carbon stabilization at the transition zone of seasonally saturated wetlands
Authors: Kottkamp Anna , Jones Charles Nathan , Palmer Margaret A. , Tully Katherine L.
Published: March 2021

Wetlands store significant soil organic carbon (SOC) globally, yet this SOC is sensitive to climate and land use change. Seasonally saturated wetlands experience fluctuating hydrologic conditions that may promote the physicochemical mechanisms known to control SOC stabilization in upland soils; these wetlands are therefore likely to be important for SOC storage at the landscape-scale. We investigated the role of physicochemical mechanisms of SOC stabilization in five seasonally saturated wetlands to test the hypothesis that these mechanisms are present, particularly at the transition zone between wetland and upland where saturation in the upper soil profile is most variable. At each wetland, we monitored water level and collected soil samples at five points along a transect from frequently saturated basin edge to rarely saturated upland. We quantified physical protection of SOC in aggregates and organo-mineral associations in mineral horizons to 0.5 m depth. As expected, SOC decreased from basin edge to upland. In the basin edge and transition zone, the majority of SOC was physically protected in macroaggregates. By contrast, overall organo-mineral associations were low, with the highest Fe concentrations (5 mg Fe g− 1 soil) in the transition zone. While both stabilization mechanisms were present in the transition zone, physical protection is more likely to be a dominant mechanism of SOC stabilization in seasonally saturated wetlands. As future climate scenarios predict changes in wetland wet and dry cycles, understanding the mechanisms by which SOC is stabilized in wetland soils is critical for predicting the vulnerability of SOC to future change.
Investigation on Thermo-physical Properties of L-Valinium Picrate Single Crystal for Modern Applications
Authors: Manivannan M , Balachandar S. , Jose M. , Dhas S A Martin Britto
Published: March 2021

Good quality L-valinium picrate single crystal was grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters of the crystal were measured by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The High resolution X-ray diffraction study reveals good crystalline perfection of the grown crystals. The thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity were experimentally measured using photoacoustic technique and standard DSC technique, respectively. The thermo physical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, volumetric specific heat capacity, and thermal effusivity of LVP are reported for the first time at ambient temperature.
Assessing the Causal Role of Selenium in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: He Di , Cui Liying
Published: March 2021

Background: The relation between selenium overexposure and increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been subject to considerable interest. Epidemiologic studies have reported suggestive associations between selenium and ALS, although the causal inference between selenium and ALS remains to be established. Here we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the causal role of selenium on ALS risk.Methods: Variants associated with selenium levels were obtained from the GWAS meta-analysis of circulating selenium levels (n = 5,477) and toenail selenium levels (n = 4,162). Outcome data were from the largest ALS GWAS dataset with 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis, with an array of sensitivity analyses performed to detect potential violations of MR assumptions.Results: Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated no evidence of a causal role for selenium levels in ALS development (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.08). Similar results were observed for sensitivity analyses (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.95–1.07 for weighted median; OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.87–1.32 for MR-Egger), with no pleiotropy detected.Conclusion: Although selenium was found associated with ALS according to earlier epidemiologic studies, current evidence does not support the causal effect of selenium on ALS risk. Correcting overall selenium levels in general population will unlikely reduce ALS incidence.
A Novel Principle to Localize Scattered-wave Sensitivity Using Wave Interference and Its Adjoint
Authors: Minato Shohei , Ghose Ranajit
Published: March 2021

When using scattered waves for high-resolution imaging of a medium, the sensitivity of these waves to the spatiotemporal distribution of heterogeneities is undoubtedly a key factor. The traditional principle behind using scattered waves to detect small changes suffers from an inherent limitation when other structures, not of interest, are present along the wave propagation path. We propose a novel principle that leads to enhanced localization of wave sensitivity, without having to know the intermediate structures. This new principle emerges from a boundary integral representation which utilizes wave interferences observed at multiple points. When tested on geophysical acoustic wave data, this new principle leads to much better sensitivity localization and detection of small changes in seismic velocities, which were otherwise impossible. Overcoming the insensitivity to a target area, it offers new possibilities for imaging and monitoring small changes in properties, which is critical in a wide range of disciplines and scales.
Six-month Pulmonary Impairment After Severe COVID-19: a Prospective, Multicenter Follow-up Study
Authors: Faverio Paola , Luppi Fabrizio , Rebora Paola , Busnelli Sara , Stainer Anna , Catalano Martina , Parachini Luca , Monzani Anna , Galimberti Stefania , Francesco Bini , Bodini Bruno Dino , Betti Monia , Giacomi Federica De , Scarpazza Paolo , Oggionni Elisa , Scartabellati Alessandro , Bilucaglia Luca , Ceruti Paolo , Modina Denise , Harari Sergio , Caminati Antonella , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Bellani Giacomo , Foti Giuseppe , Pesci Alberto
Published: March 2021

Background. Long-term pulmonary sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are not yet confirmed, however preliminary observations suggests a possible relevant clinical, functional and radiological impairment. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise pulmonary sequelae caused by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at 6-month follow-up. Methods. In this multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, patients hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and without prior diagnosis of structural lung diseases were stratified by maximum ventilatory support (“oxygen only”, “continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)” and “invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)”) and followed up at 6 months from discharge. Pulmonary function tests and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), 6 minutes walking test, chest X-ray, physical exam and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea score were collected.Results. Between March and June 2020, 312 patients were enrolled (83, 27% women; median [IQR] age 61.1 [53.4,69.3] years). The parameters that showed the highest rate of impairment were DLCO and chest-X-ray, in 46% and 25% of patients, respectively. However, only a minority of patients reported dyspnoea (31%), defined as mMRC ≥ 1, or showed a restrictive ventilatory defects (9%). In the logistic regression model, having asthma as comorbidity was associated with DLCO impairment at follow-up, while prophylactic heparin administration during hospitalisation appeared as a protective factor. Need for invasive ventilatory support during hospitalisation was associated with chest imaging abnormalities.Conclusions. DLCO and radiological assessment appear to be the most sensitive tools to monitor patients with COVID-19 during follow-up. Future studies with longer follow-up are warranted to better understand pulmonary sequelae.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04435327
Spectroscopic Properties and Dispersion Parameters of B2O3 – SiO2 – Bi2O3 – TiO2 – Y2O3 Glasses
Authors: shaaban Kh. S.
Published: March 2021

Glasses with the chemical formula 52B2O3 – 12SiO2- 26Bi2O3 – (10-x) TiO2 - Y2O3, :(0≤ x ≥ 10), the melt-quench method was used to prepare this glass system. The purpose of this article is to investigate the spectroscopic features of these glasses. The nature of the glass system has been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. In the current article, the molar volume acquired decreased while the density and refractive index increased. In the current article, Y2O3 plays an important role and impacts the spectroscopic characteristics of the samples accordingly. For all the present glasses, the optical bandgap is found to be in the semiconducting range. The optical bandgap enhances as Y2O3 rises, while Urbach energy reduces. Molar Refractivity, molar polarization, polarization, and optical basicity decrease with increasing Y2O3 content. Wemple and Didomenico principles were used for calculated the Eo and Ed dispersion. The significance of the Y2O3 modifier in the glass system signifies proved.
Bilateral Giant Axillary Artery Aneurysms with Left Complete Embolism in Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Sensitive Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Chu Chen , He Lan , Lin Yi-xiang , Liu Fang
Published: March 2021

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects medium-sized arteries. In addition to well-known coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), peripheral systemic artery aneurysms (SAAs) have also been sporadically reported. In the literatures, SAAs occurred mainly in untreated, intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG)-resistant, or severe refractory KD, and thrombotic events in SAA were rarely reported.Case presentation: A 10-month-old boy with history of KD was referred to our hospital for suspected pseudoaneurysm of the axillary arteries. Four months prior to presentation, he had recurrent fever, conjunctival congestion, and rash. On the 10th day of fever echocardiography showed biliteral CAAs. He was then diagnosed with KD and given IVIG 2g/kg and aspirin at a local hospital. His fever and symptoms soon subsided and he was discharged with low dose aspirin and dipyridamole. One month prior to presentation, his parents incidentally palpated swellings in his axillae bilaterally. On admission, physical examination revealed a pulsatile swelling in his right axilla and a non-pulsatile swelling in the left. His left brachial and radial pulses were not palpable, while the pulses of other three limbs were normal. His left upper limb was cooler and less active compared to the right. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral giant axillary artery aneurysms (AAAs) with massive thrombus in the left. Angiography confirmed bilateral giant AAAs with left AAAs completely embolized and fine collateral vessels connecting to the distal brachial artery, in addition to bilateral multiple giant CAAs without stenoses. The patient was given intravenous prostaglandin for ten days to allow for formation of collateral circulation, as well as aspirin, low molecular weight heparin (which was switched to warfarin before discharge) and metoprolol. At discharge, the temperature and movement of his left upper limb improved significantly. On follow-up at three months, his left limb improved and was similar to the right with no cardiovascular event having occurred. The images of CAAs and AAAs on ultrasound and computerized tomography remained the same.Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of evaluating peripheral SAAs in KD patients with CAA, even if their clinical course appears uncomplicated. For both large non-aortic SAAs and CAAs in KD patients, antithrombotic therapy is of utmost importance.
Stretch-Induced Lncrna SNHG8 Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating EZH2 in Hpdlscs
Authors: Zhang Zijie , He Qin , Zhao Xiaolu , Li Xiaoyu , Wei Fulan
Published: March 2021

Background: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are important for the remodeling of the alveolar bone while tooth moving. However, the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under mechanical force remains unclear.Methods: In this study, we compared stretched and non-stretched PDLSCs by high-throughput sequencing. The verification and selection of lncRNAs were achieved by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation potentials were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR, and western blot. The application of mechanical force used Flexcell-FX-6000-Tension System in vitro, and constructing rats’ tooth movement model in vivo. To verify the osteogenic regulation ability of small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8), PDLSCs were stretched or applied osteogenic induction after been infected by lentivirus. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, isolation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to locate SNHG8. Western blot and qRT-PCR to find the relationship between enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and SNHG8.Results: Our results demonstrated that among lncRNAs altered screened by high-throughput sequencing, the expression level of SNHG8 steadily decreased after being stretched. Analysis of mRNA expression and protein levels revealed an upregulation of ALP and RUNX2, ALP and Alizarin Red staining showed more obvious alkaline phosphatase and more mineralized nodules in SNHG8 knockdown PDLSCs. In vivo experiments showed lower expression of the homologous gene of SNHG8 after tooth movement, and better ability of ectopic osteogenesis after knockdown SNHG8. The verification of SNHG8’s nuclear location led us to infer that SNHG8 may interact with EZH2. The qRT-PCR and western blot results disclosed EZH2 expression reduced along with the knockdown of SNHG8. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 lead to PDLSCs’ osteogenic differentiation ability increasing under osteogenic induction according to the mRNA level of ALP and RUNX2 accompanied by ALP and Alizarin Red staining results.Conclusion: In general, our study confirmed that mechanically sensitive lncRNA SNHG8 can influence the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through epigenetic pathways without directly encoding protein, which provides solid evidence for the regulation by non-coding genes.
Partial characterization of Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus on apple in EGYPT 
Authors: Abdel-Salam Aly M. , Mokbel Samah A.
Published: March 2021

A severe isolate of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was isolated from apple orchards in the vicinity of Nubaria city, Beheira governorate, Egypt. Infected-apple trees showed chlorotic, necrotic ringspots, and shoot holes on leaves. Severely infected- trees withered, became useless, and were removed causing severe economic losses. Reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RT-PCR, using degenerate primer pair for the coat protein (CP) gene of Ilarvirus amplified products similar to those produced from peach and apricot isolates of PNRSV-infecting stone fruits). Dot blotting immuno-binding assay (DBIA showed a positive reaction between PNRSV-infected apple sap and an Egyptian antiserum for PNRSV. Purified preparation from infected leaves, using the electro-elution technique yielded nucleoprotein, which had Amax and Amin at 260 and 240 nm respectively. Electron microscopy examination showed spherical virions with ca. 26 nm in diameter.
Communication Processes about Predictive Genetic Testing within High-Risk Breast Cancer Families: A Two-Phase Study Design
Authors: Blomen Chiara Lena , Pott Aliaksandra , Volk Alexander E. , Budäus Lars , Witzel Isabell
Published: March 2021

Background: The detection of a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene has medical and psychological consequences for both, affected mutation carriers and their relatives. This study analyzed the psychological impact of genetic testing and mutation-positive test result as well as associated family communication processes from the perspective of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and their family members.Methods: We conducted a two-phase study with explanatory sequential mixed methods design to understand the perspective of psychological process regarding genetic testing more efficiently. First, we analyzed a survey data of 79 carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Second, we conducted focus group interviews of 10 family members to deepen understanding of communication processes in high-risk families.Results: The average age of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers was 48 years, 58% had a history of cancer. The majority (64.6%) had general psychological distress independent of cancer diagnosis in the patients’ history. The point prevalence of depression was 16.9%. The main motives for undergoing genetic testing were desire for safety, prevention and risk assessment for the own children. The mutation carriers were satisfied with the decision to undergo genetic testing. Contrary to their subjective perception, the respondents' knowledge about those mutations was moderate. The familial communication was merely partially successful. In contrast to the high rate of disclosure to at-risk relatives (100%), the reported uptake of genetic testing among informed at-risk relatives was low (45.6%). In-depth focus group interviews with 10 family members revealed significant barriers to accessing genetic counseling including anxiety, uncertainty about the benefits of testing and the own cancer risk, particulary among males.Conclusion: The detection of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has psychological impact not only on mutation carriers but also on their family members. An adequate knowledge of the genetic background is required to reduce the level of psychological distress and to support the familial communication process. Therefore, the quality of information sources for affected individuals and relatives and also the awareness of health care professionals have to be improved.
DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A NEW APPROACH FOR SIMPLIFIED DETERMINATION OF THE HEATING AND THE COOLING LOADS OF LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS
Authors: Kostov Konstantin , Ivanov Ivan , Atanasov Koycho
Published: March 2021

Pig farming is a sector of animal husbandry, the development of which is great attention. The pork market occupies a large share in the trade in animal products. In the conditions of they do competition more efforts are made to improve the quality and reduce the cost of production. To achieve this goal, work is being done in several areas – development and expansion of the gene pool, improvement of the living environment in the premises for animal husbandry, reduction of energy costs. Along with the development of feeding technologies, it is necessary to create a suitable microclimate in the premises, in which the animals to realize their productive potential, which in turn is directly related to the use of heating and cooling systems. The design of these systems for both existing and new buildings is carried out according to generally accepted methodologies, which in turn require time for calculation and use of specialized software. The methodologies for determining the loads for heating and cooling of livestock buildings, in accordance with the current legislation in the Republic of Bulgaria, are compared with a new method proposed in this publication. The possibility to consider a livestock building from the point of view of the theory of heat exchange allows the use of the basic differential equations describing the dynamic interaction of the building with the environment. This description would be complete and complex to implement. Therefore, the method of dimensional analysis is used, which is based on generalized indicators, when fulfilling certain criteria of similarity. The aim of the new methodology is to shorten the design time and allow the rapid sizing of heating and cooling systems in livestock buildings. In developing the new methodology, the task was the proposed new approach to summarize the interaction of all physical parameters affecting the heat exchange between the building and the surrounding air, allowing to take into account changes in external (air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation intensity) and internal factors (heat given off by farm animals, lighting, process equipment and processes) affecting the heat exchange between the building and the ambient air
ANALYSIS OF POSITION AND ROTATION DIRECTION OF DOUBLE STIRRER ON CHAOTIC ADVECTION BEHAVIOR
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Asrori Asrori
Published: March 2021

Turbulent mixing can damage the material molecules because of turbulence. Whereas laminar mixing raises a problem when mixing is carried out on viscous liquids. The mixing mechanism using chaotic flow affects the mixing quality. The aim of the experiment was to determine the position and direction of the double stirrer chaotic mixer. The installation of a chaotic mixer uses a cylindrical tub and two different mixers consisting of a primary mixer (Pp) and a secondary mixer (Ps). Periodically rotate the container and stirrer. The center of the vessel and primary mixer are placed at the same coordinates. For ε=4 cm (Pp to Ps distance), there are three experiments, namely: vessel rotation and directional stirrer (P2S-a), vessel rotation and opposite stirrer (P2B-a), and vessel rotation, both primary and secondary stirrers are directional variations. (P2V-a). Eccentricity 7 cm, there are also three treatments as above: one direction (P2S-b), reverse direction (P2B-b), and variation of direction (P2V-b).

The video camera recordings are processed digitally. Qualitative data show a pattern of behavior during mixing. Meanwhile, quantitative data is used to determine the level of mixing effectiveness. The results showed that the direction of rotation of the two cylinders had no effect on the effectiveness of chaotic mixing. Based on the number of initial droplets of dye, the treatment that experienced the fastest chaos was P2B-b, at n=2 and r=3.5303. The difference in the number of color droplets does not affect chaotic behavior. The highest mixing efficiency was generated by the lowest P2V-b mixing index value of 0.94. Simultaneously, the direction between the mixer and the container will provide maximum mixing efficiency. Isolated mixing areas (island) and areas of poor mixing occur because of one-way rotation and low eccentricity
IMPLEMENTATION OF CHORDAL RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRELESS BROADBAND NETWORK
Authors: Attrah Nibras Habeeb , Abdul-Majeed Ghassan H. , Abdullah Mahmood Zaki
Published: March 2021

The expansion of networks involved higher jump on the users utilizing the networks resources, which may require extra higher bandwidth. Due to the development of technology especially those folded under the Internet of Things (IoT), the new demand of higher data rate is been witnesses among the users. In order to feed the demand of users with high data rate, broadband networks are required where high data rate can be ensured for each user. Broadband networks can be established using optical network that carries the data through wide broadband. Areas such as rural and forests sides which are witnessing plenty of natural obstacles such as mountains, trees, seas, etc. are forming big challenge for propagating a cable (wire) or optical network.

Due to the limitations of the wire network, World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has been introduced as substitution for the broadband network. Such kind of alternative can be deployed through any geographical area without concerning on the wire paths. WiMAX preserved large coverage area and hence it may not suffer from the signal hand-off as in the case of another wireless network. In this project, Chordal Ring network topology is implemented to enhance the performance of wireless broadband network. With different routing protocols such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), the network performance was examined for various Chordal Ring degree (e.g. fourth degree and fifth degree). Performance metrics such as number of transmitted packets, number of received packers, delivered packet rate (PDR), total number of drop packers (DP) and average queuing delay (been measured). Finally, the obtained results had been shown that fifth-degree Chordal Ring network is outperforming through DSDV routing protocol
MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM’UN DUYGU TEORİSİNDEN HAREKETLE YARGILAMADA EMPATİ VE SEMPATİ KAVRAMLARININ ROLÜ
Authors: KAYNAK Aydın Furkan
Published: March 2021

Duygular uzun bir süre boyunca yargılamada kullanılmasına karşı çıkılan araçlar olarak görülmüş, hâkimin tarafsızlığına zarar vereceği düşüncesiyle reddedilmişlerdir. Yasa yapma süreçlerini dahi etkileyen duyguların, hâkimin yargılamasında da kendilerine yer bulacağı açıktır. Bu nedenle yargılamada duyguları reddeden bir anlayışın yerine yargılamada duygulardan nasıl yararlanılabileceği üzerine düşünülmesi gerekir. Çünkü duygular, yargılamada ve hatta sosyal hayatta adaletsizliklerin sebebi olabilir. Martha C. Nussbaum, kendi duygu teorisini geliştirerek duyguların adaletsizliklere nasıl sebep olduklarını göstermiş, geliştirmiş olduğu hümanizm yaklaşımıyla adaletsizliklerin engellenmesi için çalışmıştır. Bu makalede Martha C. Nussbaum’un duygu teorisinden hareket edilerek mahkemede duyguların öneminden bahsedilecek, ardından empati ve sempati kavramları üzerinde durularak yargılamada bu kavramların edinebileceği rol üzerine tartışılacaktır. Temel iddiamız, empati ve sempatinin hâkimin kendisinin ve yargılamanın taraflarının duygularını anlamada önemli bir araç olacağıdır. Üstelik düşünülenin aksine bu kavramlar, hâkimin tarafsızlığına da gölge düşürmeyecek; tarafsızlığı sağlamada hâkimin elini kuvvetlendirecektir. Empati ve sempati kavramlarının yardımıyla hâkim, yargılamada duyguları alet çantasındaki bir aleti kullanan bir usta gibi kullanacak, duygularının etkisinde değil, duygularının yardımıyla adaleti sağlayacak kararı verecektir.
Enabling stock market development in Africa: A review of the macroeconomic drivers
Authors: Uzum Paul , Ochei Ikpefan Ailemen , Ehimare Omankhanlen Alexander , Ogaga Ejemeyovwi Jeremiah , Ighodalo Ehikioya Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Africa has underdeveloped stock markets that have failed to meet the continent’s capital needs, such as rapid economic growth. This research analyzes the key drivers of stock market development in Africa from a macroeconomic perspective. The study examines several macroeconomic variables, including credit to the private sector, foreign direct investment, external reserves, money supply, external trade, per capita GDP, inflation, and lending rate to explain stock market development in Africa. The study builds a panel data consisting of eight African countries from 1994 to 2018 and applies the pooled mean group estimation technique. The analysis shows that in the long run, credit to the private sector, external reserves, and inflation are the most important factors that influence stock market development, while in the short run, income and trade openness are significant in explaining stock market development in Africa. The study recommends that policies to develop African stock markets should center on developing the private sector through access to credit, increased per capita income, and effective foreign reserve management to boost local and foreign investors’ confidence.
Flow dynamics during incremental velocity running
Authors: Gibert Aleix , Balagué Natàlia , Torrents Carlota , Tenenbaum Gershon
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the flow dynamics during incremental velocity running performed until voluntary exhaustion. Twenty runners performed an incremental-velocity test (The Université of Montréal Track Test; UMTT) while self-reporting their “in flow” and “not in flow” experienced states. Task endurance was divided into five-time windows and flow state was plotted for each participant to determine the velocity-flow relations. Friedman ANOVA and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test were performed to follow the flow dynamic throughout the time windows. A meta-stable flow experience dynamic was revealed during the incremental running velocity test and an abrupt decrease of the “in flow” experience upon approaching voluntary exhaustion was evident. Self-monitoring flow experience dynamics can complement the physiological measures for monitoring exercise tolerance.
Transverse vibration analysis of wire rope in deep mining hoisting system
Authors: Wu Shuiyuan , He Ping , Gong Xiansheng
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the transverse vibration displacement, velocity and acceleration of the wire rope of deep mining hoisting system is acquired by establishing a mathematical model and solving it by Galerkin discrete method. The results show that: for the deep mining hoisting system with hoisting depth of 1000m and hoisting load of 25 t, when there is an excitation with amplitude of 0.002 m and frequency of 10 Hz at one end, the transverse vibration displacement of the wire rope at 200 m is between -0.015 m and 0.015 m, the transverse vibration velocity is between –0.05 m/s and 0.05 m/s, and the transverse vibration acceleration is between –0.5 m/s2 to 0.5 m/s2. Meanwhile, it can be found that different loads, accelerations and mass of wire rope per unit length have little influence on the transverse vibration displacement of the wire rope, but different external excitation frequency have an impact on the transverse vibration displacement of the wire rope. Then the vibration energy and natural frequencies are analyzed. And the maximum vibration energy and 30 natural frequencies are obtained. Finally, the mathematical model is verified through the experiment and the validity of the mathematical model is proved.
Coupling of the coagulation/flocculation and the anodic oxidation processes for the treatment of textile wastewater
Authors: Bouznif Sourour , Bali Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

The increased demand for textile products leads to an increase in the quantity of wastewater discharged. It becomes indeed one of the most critical health and environmental problems in the world. The main challenge, therefore, is to develop innovative techniques for treating this wastewater with low production costs and better efficiency. The major objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the coupling of the coagulation–flocculation and the anodic oxidation processes on the platinum electrode in the removal of organic, mineral, and microbial pollution contained in textile effluents. A series of experiments is carried out on samples prepared in the laboratory, in which the textile effluent was mixed with a secondary effluent from an urban wastewater treatment plant. The treatment consists of two steps: a coagulation–flocculation process using aluminum salts as a coagulant and an anodic oxidation on the platinum electrode using photovoltaic panels for the production of electric current. The treatment at optimized conditions reveals that the coupling of the two processes made it possible to achieve satisfactory results. The abatement rates were 95.97% for the turbidity, 90% for COD, 100% for BOD, 100% for , 53.6% for , and 100% for . The coupling of the two processes ensured the complete elimination of fecal germs. Thanks to the satisfactory results, the obtained permeate can be reused in the dyeing process in the textile industry.
High flux membrane based on in-situ formation of zirconia layer coated the polyethersulfone substrate for ions separation
Authors: Worou Chabi Noël , Kang Jing , Alamou Eric A. , Degan Arcadius , Yan Pengwei , Gong Yingxu , Guene Razack L. , Chen Zhonglin
Published: March 2021

A flawless, extremely loose, membrane, efficient for multivalent ions separation, has been successfully synthesized by the in-situ formation approach. The as-synthesized nanofiltration (NF) membrane, NF_PES-Zr, proceeded from a thin film layer of nanoparticles (NPs) zirconium that coated the platform of the polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane through a bio-glue made from dopamine hydrochloric and sodium bicarbonate buffer. The estimation of the average pore size of the novel organic-inorganic NF membrane NF_PES-Zr using the filtration velocity approach of Guerout-Elford-Ferry was close to 0.9 nm. NF_PES-Zr membrane holds a record in permeate water flux release of about 62.5 and was revealed to be effective for multivalent ions separation. A 5 days-test performed on NF_PES-Zr demonstrated its long-term stability and showed a rejection rate of 93.4% and 37.8% respectively for and .
Reinterpretation of History in the Books of Chronicles: The Case of King Manasseh
Authors: Kinowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Manasseh of Judah: an idolatrous ruler and murderer to be condemned, as depicted in 2 Kgs 21:1-18, or a converted sinner and restorer of his kingdom, a pattern to follow, as presented in 2 Chr 33:1-20? These two biblical portrayals of the king cannot be reconciled without raising questions about the assumptions of the biblical historiographers who built up two alternative traditions about this biblical figure. The case of King Manasseh is therefore an intriguing example of the Chronicler’s reinterpretation of historical material found in the Books of Kings. It is argued that particular narrative strategy and theological issues lie behind this vision of the king and its significance for the addressees of both writings. Consequently, the biblical figure of Manasseh is somehow biased, and its historical reconstruction has its limitations.
Freedom and Grace in the Teaching of Mark the Hermit
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan
Published: March 2021

Mark the Hermit is one of the most important theoreticians of ascetic life in the ancient Church. In his ascetic writings, he takes up a number of subjects, including teaching about freedom and grace. This is not a systematic doctrine, but rather statements scattered in his works, occasional, often similar to each other. “Freedom” is defined by St. Mark the Hermit by the term ἐλευθερία, while “grace” – by the term χάρις. He also reminds us that freedom is given to man by Christ; man also receives it in the sacrament of baptism, because it frees him from the burden of sin. Grace, in turn, is presented by Mark the Hermit always as a gift from God given to man. Therefore, the Kingdom of Heaven is a gift, and not a reward for deeds, and the salvation that we receive from Christ is also grace. St Mark the Hermit’s teaching on freedom and grace certainly differs from the views of the Messalian sect, whose followers did not want to admit that grace and freedom are given to the baptised, so that they can perfect themselves throughout their lives and become similar to God.
The Rationality of Faith: Romano Guardini and Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Bachanek Grzegorz
Published: March 2021

For Joseph Ratzinger, Romano Guardini was a valued lecturer and an author of inspiring books. Ratzinger finds attractive Guardini’s ardent quest for truth, the courage to ask big and important questions, boldness to confront the Christian faith with the challenges of contemporary culture, the conviction of the significant cognitive possibilities of human reason, and the emphasis on the primacy of truth in theology. Both authors point to the reasonableness of the Christian faith, based ultimately on the fact that God Himself is Truth. Faith and reason are not mutually exclusive, but they can support each other through solid cognition. Of course, human reason, when trying to know God, struggles with its own limitations in the face of the mystery which exceeds the capacities of the creation.
O ‘futuro não é mais como antigamente’
Authors: Miguel Marcelo Calderari , Costa Rosa da Penha Ferreira da
Published: March 2021

Introdução: as inovações tecnológicas que surgem no contexto dos Arquivos estão diretamente ligadas à sua capacidade de evolução e adaptação. Descobrir e estudar quais dessas novas tecnologias podem ser mais bem aproveitadas nos Arquivos pode ser a diferença entre evoluir ou padecer. Objetivo: mapear as tendências recentes encontradas na literatura científica sobre as mudanças que estão ocorrendo nos Arquivos. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, para determinar as principais tendências encontradas na literatura científica recente, a partir do ano de 2015, sobre as inovações e mudanças que têm ocorrido nos Arquivos. Resultados: observa que alguns aspectos de destaque no que concerne às Arquivos do futuro: evolução da web, makerspaces, redes sociais e mudança no perfil do profissional que trabalha com Arquivos. Conclusões: O futuro dos Arquivos é ainda incerto, mas aponta em algumas direções, e é definitivamente digital, com acesso universal, porém não gratuito, também admite a esfera de social, interativa e vivo em constante evolução, uma evoluir bem mais rápido e dinâmico do que o observado no século XX.
Virtual e digital à luz da teoria sociológica e filosófica contemporânea
Authors: Ferreira Julio Marinho
Published: March 2021

Apresentar a sociologia e a filosofia frente a dimensão tomada pela informação, e seus usos na contemporaneidade, requer uma mirada sobre relações e interações em ambientes on-line chamados de virtuais ou digitais, como mídias e redes sociais. Com isso, ao pensar os estudos acerca do social e a dimensão de uma filosofia aplicada ao entendimento dessa mesma relação virtual/digital na internet, surgem indagações a ser exploradas de modo a se entender certas transformações pelas quais a sociedade atual tem passado. Dessa forma, a partir de uma exposição de exemplos dessa interação, e transformação social, tornada digital, miro nos novos tipos de trabalhos (e trabalhadores), formas de argumentar acerca dos impactos dos usos dessas formas midiáticas digitalizadas de apropriação da realidade.
Redes sociais como ferramentas de transparência em tempos de covid-19
Authors: Lima Paulo Ricardo Silva , Mota Francisca Rosaline Leite , Cassé Ana Paula Orico Marques , Sales Tarlane Gomes Tenório
Published: March 2021

No período pandêmico ocasionado pelo Novo Coronavírus, surgiram muitas Fake News nas redes sociais digitais, gerando desinformação e prejudicando a Administração Pública na contenção de novos casos. Demonstra-se por meio da análise da publicização dos boletins epidemiológicos da Covid-19, disseminados nas redes sociais do Governo do Estado de Alagoas, a importância da transparência nas informações de interesse público. Essas redes, principais meios de comunicação e informação da sociedade, têm alto poder de disseminação informacional, cujo potencial “viral”, proporcionado pela instantaneidade e interatividade, alcança uma infinidade de públicos. Como espaços férteis para o surgimento de Fake News e desinformação, podem gerar crises de confiabilidade e veracidade quanto às informações divulgadas pelo Governo, bem como não estimular o alagoano ao exercício da cidadania, nem agregar valor a essa sociedade. A partir do exposto, constata-se que a informação, nesse ambiente digital, deve ser tratada de forma crível, clara e responsável, com vistas a gerar maior confiabilidade, interação e acesso à informação de interesse social, bem como contribuir para a redução da circulação de Fake News e Desinformação. Adotou-se as pesquisas documental e qualitativa com uma abordagem exploratória, realizando-se a coleta de dados nas redes sociais oficiais do governo alagoano: Facebook, Instagram e Twitter.
Impact of Curcumin on Microsomal Enzyme Activities: Drug Interaction and Chemopreventive Studies
Authors: Mashayekhi-Sardoo Habibeh , Mashayekhi-Sardoo Adeleh , Roufogalis Basil D. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2021

Curcumin, a yellow pigment in Asian spice, is a natural polyphenol component
of Curcuma longa rhizome. Curcuminoid components include curcumin,
demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Previous studies
established curcumin as a safe agent based on preclinical and clinical evaluations and curcuminoids
have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Generally
Recognized as Safe” (GRAS). The present review collects and summarizes clinical
and preclinical studies of curcumin interactions, with an emphasis on the effect of curcumin
and curcumin analogs on the mRNA and protein levels of microsomal CYP450 enzymes
(phase I metabolism) and their interactions with toxicants, drugs and drug probes.
The literature search was conducted using keywords in various scientific databases, including
Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies concerning the
impact of curcumin and curcumin analogs on microsomal enzyme activity are reviewed
and include oral, topical, and systemic treatment in humans and experimental animals, as
well as studies from in vitro research. When taken together, the data identified some inconsistent
results between various studies. The findings showed significant inhibition of
CYP450 enzymes by curcumin and its analogs. However, such effects are often differed
when curcumin and curcumin analogs were coadministered with toxicant and other drugs
and drug probes. We conclude from this review that herb-drug interactions should be considered
when curcumin and curcumin analogs are consumed.
Natural Sirtuin Modulators in Drug Discovery: A Review (2010 -2020)
Authors: Chang Yuin , Yeong Keng Yoon
Published: March 2021

There have been intense research interests in sirtuins since the establishment
of their regulatory roles in a myriad of pathological processes. In the last two decades,
many research efforts have been dedicated to the development of sirtuin modulators. Although
synthetic sirtuin modulators are the focus, natural modulators remain an integral
part to be further explored in this area as they are found to possess therapeutic potential
in various diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders.
Owing to the importance of this cluster of compounds, this review gives a current
stand on the naturally occurring sirtuin modulators, associated molecular mechanisms,
and their therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, comprehensive data mining resulted in detailed
statistical data analysis pertaining to the developmental trend of sirtuin modulators
from 2010-2020. Lastly, the challenges and future prospects of natural sirtuin modulators
in drug discovery will also be discussed.
Recent Advances in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis,
Mechanisms and Potential Treatments
Authors: Du Yi , Li Kaijun , Liu Wei , Song Ruitong , Luo Meifeng , He Jianfeng , Xu Xiaoyu , Qu Xiaosheng
Published: March 2021

:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an acute or subacute demyelinating disease that affects mainly the optic nerve and spinal cord. A major proportion of NMOSD cases have a relationship with autoimmunity to aquaporin 4 (AQP4) found on the central nervous system. NMOSD can occur repeatedly, causing symptoms such as decreased vision and weakness of limbs. The main goal of current therapy is to relieve acute symptoms and prevent recurrence of the disease. Without timely and appropriate treatment, the recurrence and disability rates are high. In the present work, we review recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NMOSD, as well as the pathogenesis and mechanisms of AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD.
A New Silver Nano-Formulation of Cassia auriculata Flower Extract and
its Anti-Diabetic Effects
Authors: Berlin Grace Viswanathan Mariammal , Wilson Devarajan David , M Divyadharshini , S Viswanathan , Siddikuzzaman  , Gopal ‪Rengaswamy
Published: March 2021

Background:

Treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) using plant based drugs is advancing
and getting much attention in recent years. Cassia auriculata L. is widely used in Indian folk
medicine for the treatment of DM. Site-specific targeted plant drug delivery by metallic nanoparticles
carriers is a new emerging procedure under research due to its enhanced bioavailability and
reduced toxicity. This study was therefore aimed at biosynthesizing a new silver nanoparticle of
Cassia auriculata L. flower extract and study its anti-diabetic efficiency in rats.

Methods:

The silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using AgNO3 solution and characterized
by spectroscopy, SEM and EDAX analyses. The acute toxicity of this nano-preparation (up to
2000 mg/kg b. wt) was analyzed in rats and the anti-diabetic efficiency (for 50 mg/kg.b.wt and 200
mg/kg.b.wt) was studied in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The diabetic parameters such as;
blood glucose, serum protein, liver glycogen, serum lipid profile, serum levels of creatinine, urea,
ALT, AST and ALP were analyzed. The histology of the liver, kidney and pancreas was evaluated
after staining with Haematoxylin and Eosin.

Results:

The increased blood glucose in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was found to be significantly
reduced (p<0.01) in the treated group of rats. The characteristic damage and disorganization
in the cells of Streptozotocin induced DM was found to be recovered in the treated group of
rats. The alterations in the lipid profile, hyperglycaemia, reduced serum protein and liver glycogen,
enhanced liver function and kidney function markers observed in the rats of DM control
group were normalized in the treated group of rats.

Conclusion:

The results of this study, proving an efficient anti-diabetic activity of the biosynthesized
silver nanoparticles of Cassia auriculata L. flower extract, implies that this nano-preparation
may be exploited as an alternative biopharmaceutical agent for treating DM.
Formulation and Evaluation of α-Pinene Loaded Self-emulsifying
Nanoformulation for In-Vivo Anti-Parkinson's Activity
Authors: Srivastava Rajnish , Choudhury Pratim K. , Dev Suresh Kumar , Rathore Vaibhav
Published: March 2021

Aim:

The present study was aimed to developed and optimize the self-nano emulsifying
drug delivery system of α-pinene (ALP-SNEDDS) and evaluate its in-vivo anti-Parkinson's activity.

Background:

Different lipid-based drug delivery technologies have been researched to upgrade drug
bioavailability and expand their clinical adequacy upon oral administration. Self-emulsifying drug delivery
systems (SEDDS) have pulled in developing the interest specifically for self nano emulsifying
drug delivery systems (SNEDDS).

Objective:

The present work was attempted to improve the bioavailability of the ALP by defining the
role of self-nano emulsifying formulations for its neuroprotective effect.

Method:

Miscibility of the ALP was estimated in various excipient components to select the optimized
combination. Self-nano emulsification, thermodynamic stability, the effect of dilution on robustness,
optical clarity, viscosity, and conductivity tests were performed. The in-vivo anti-Parkinson's
activity of the ALP-SNEDDS formulations were done using Pilocarpine antagonism induced Parkinsonism
in rodents. Behavioral tests like tremulous jaw movements, body temperature, salivation, and
lacrimation are performed.

Result:

Two optimized formulations, composed of Anise oil, Tween 80, and Transcutol-HP of Oil:
Smix ratio (4:6 and 3:7) were selected. The Smix ratio for both the formulation was 2:1. The particle
size was found to consistent with the increase in dilution. The mean negative zeta potential of the formulations
was found to be increased with an increase in dilution. The TEM images of the formulations
revealed spherical shape of the droplet. The in-vitro drug release profile was found to be significant as
compared to plain ALP suspension.

Conclusion:

The results of in-vivo studies indicate that nanosizing and enhanced solubilization of oral
ALP-SNEDDS formulations significantly improved the behavioral activities compared to plain ALP
suspension.
Organized Crime Groups in Latin America and TREX-Hybridity
Authors: Dittmar Victoria
Published: March 2021

On November 27, 2020, Victoria Dittmar presented Organized Crime Groups in Latin America and TREX-Hybridity at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference.  The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with other speakers.