bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Participation of Communities in the 2018 Papua Gubernatorial Election Agenda
Authors: Setia Putra Imam Radianto Anwar , Kasimat William Socrates , Purwadi Purwadi
Published: December 2020

This research article aims to describe communities' participation through direct elections, citizen agreement, and the mandate of representatives with actor interaction in the 2018 Papua gubernatorial election. The regional heads who elected democratically manifest the implementation of direct elections mandated by Acts of 1945 with community participation. The participation of communities in gubernatorial elections comes to the polling places and then casts/elects the desired candidate. More than that, communities' participation explains in-depth the form of involvement and typology of community participation in organizing the Papua Gubernatorial Election. Political participation of Papua communities in terms of political participation related to elections (voting/electing). The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method to explain the Papua communities' awareness at the Papua gubernatorial election. The data was collected using three methods, namely, the documentation study method, interview method, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with respondents from the General Elections Commission (KPU), the Regional Government of Papua Province, the Legislative and the Papuan People's Assembly (MRP), traditional figures, religious figures, academics, and Papua communities. Based on the quantitative calculation of communities participating in the gubernatorial election, it reached 88.44% of the total voters of 3,447,008 people who entered the final voter list, meaning that many communities used their voting rights. There were three mechanisms to facilitate community political participation in the Papua gubernatorial election, including direct mechanisms, citizen agreement, and representative mandates. Increasing the quality of political participation of communities in gubernatorial elections begins with regulations governing the legal norms of gubernatorial elections. It needs adjustment to the paradigm, and various experiences of holding Papua gubernatorial elections have been running to date. The standards that must be considered starting from the system, model, mechanism, and form of involvement of gubernatorial election organizers, so that the absolute and actual political participation of the community is formed.
Peran Meaning dan Personal Growth Initiative (PGI) pada Pandemi Covid-19 (Tatanan Dunia Baru)
Authors: Effendy Nurlaila , Widianingtanti Lucia Trisni
Published: December 2020

Pandemi Covid-19 menstimulus tatanan dunia baru dan percepatan revolusi Industri 4.0. Pandemi ini berdampak pada berbagai sektor. Kondisi ini membuat seseorang dapat mengalami gangguan atau beradaptasi dan melihat peluang pada tatanan dunia baru. Kemampuan berpikir reflektif, bahwa dirinya penting, memahami hidup, mampu menentukan tujuan yang lebih luas untuk hidup dalam meaning menjadi penting untuk menyikapi situasi krisis ini. Komponen tujuan (purpose), koherensi (coherence), dan signifikansi (significance) dalam meaning membantu individu untuk beradaptasi pada situasi krisis dan berkembang dengan perubahan. Proses perubahan yang sengaja secara aktif dikembangkan oleh individu dikenal sebagai Personal Growth Initiative (PGI). PGI diperlukan untuk mendukung meaninglebih baik. Orang yang secara teratur memanfaatkan keahlian PGI untuk terlibat dalam proses perubahan pribadi yang positif dapat merasakan makna yang lebih besar dalam hidup dan mengalami lebih banyak kepuasan dalam hidup. Program-program aplikatif untuk meningkatkan meaning akan membantu individu berkembang pada perubahan tatanan dunia baru.
Psychological Reactance and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Overview of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)
Authors: Adiwena Bartolomeus Yofana , Satyajati Monika Windriya , Hapsari Widawati
Published: December 2020

Compliance with health protocols plays an important role in minimizing the spread of Covid-19. However, Indonesia is still facing a robust challenge including non-compliance to persuasive recommendations or messages (psychological reactance) and belief in conspiracy theories. Issues related to conspiracy theories and theories had obscured the message for the people to keep their behavior safe from the virus. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a theory that explains how people would obey the messages they received, particularly health messages. Perception of threats and efficacy contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the message people received. In this article, we discussed four psychological conditions that possess the chance to affect society's threats and efficacy to comply with health protocols. These conditions were viewed from social, clinical, and industrial-organizational psychology perspectives. Four solutions to cope with non-compliance tendencies were also proposed. We suggest that these solutions should be applied to strengthen the tendency for people to obey health protocols.
PARALISIA BULBAR PROGRESSIVA (PBP): relato de caso
Authors: Rodrigues Heuler dos Reis , Ribeiro Mariane Fernandes , Andrade Carla Cristina Ferreira de
Published: December 2020

Motor neuron disease is a term used in several clinical syndromes, among them Progressive Bulbar Paralysis, a rare degenerative and progressive disease of rapid evolution and loss of early respiratory muscle strength. The characteristics are dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, inability in bronchial hygiene, wheezing breaths and atrophy of the tongue musculature, affecting chewing, the grinding of food is increasingly difficult, affecting chewing, causing a potentially disabling and debilitating disease. This study aimed to describe a clinical case of an individual with a clinical diagnosis of Progressive Bulbar Paralysis in Propaedeutics at the Clinical School of the Faculty of the Alto Paranaíba-MG region. The object of study was a 57-year-old male, who underwent an initial physical therapy evaluation and was collected with maximum physiological pressure: maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, Borg CR-10 scale, heart rate (HR), respiratory pressure (RF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2). Then, follow a course of action in accordance with the provisions of the literature on the performance of the disease. The results found in this study are satisfactory, for all eight variables analyzed, with the possibility of highlighting the variable Borg CR-10 as the most satisfactory variable compared.
The influence of iron impurities on the compression behaviour of Al-2.24Mg-2.09Li alloy
Authors: Kozina F. , Zovko-Brodarac Z. , Petric M. , Penko A.
Published: December 2020

As a major impurity element in aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) alloys, iron (Fe) reduces formability, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance by solidifying into Al6Fe and Al3Fe particles. The research was performed in order to estimate the influence of Fe impurities on the compression behaviour of Al-2.24Mg-2.09Li alloy. The investigation was performed on the samples in as cast and solution hardened condition. The solution hardening was applied to improve the mechanical properties by dissolving intermetallic particles and enriching ?Al matrix with Mg. However, the higher strength properties and temperature increase during the compression testing were observed in as cast condition. Microstructural investigation revealed significant differences in microstructure changes between the samples in as cast and solution hardened condition. In as cast sample the barrelling effect led to the unequal deformation and surface texture development. The eutectic Al3Fe particles located in the ?Al interdendritic areas did not significantly impact microstructure changes. Although the solution hardening led to enrichment of ?Al matrix with Mg and Fe, the Al3Fe particles were not dissolved. The coarse morphology of Al3Fe particles and location at the grain boundaries of ?Al grains contributed to low energy intergranular fracture. The fracture nucleation and propagation across the grain boundaries resulted in lower strength values.
Spillover Effects of Tax Avoidance on Peers' Firm Value
Authors: Bauckloh Tobias , Hardeck Inga , Inger Kerry K. , Wittenstein Patrick , Zwergel Bernhard
Published: December 2020

This research examines spillover effects of tax avoidance on peers' firm value using the setting of the European Commission's state aid investigations of private letter rulings. We assume that news about a firm's tax avoidance strategies also reveals information about peers' tax avoidance because investors expect similar firms to use similar strategies. Based on an event study design, we show that news about potential costs of tax avoidance of targeted U.S. multinational firms leads to negative stock price reactions among their peers. Moreover, peers' investors adjust their evaluations upward for news in favor of the targeted firms. Consistent with the level of tax avoidance being indicative of having similar strategies, spillover effects are stronger for firms with the highest levels of tax avoidance when examining a broad set of peers. Our findings suggest the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the costs and benefits of tax avoidance.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G32; H25; H26.
“Treasure Your Exceptions”—Studying Human Extreme Phenotypes to Illuminate Metabolic Health and Disease: The 2019 Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Lecture
Authors: O’Rahilly Stephen
Published: December 2020

The study of humans with genetic mutations which lead to a substantial disturbance of physiological processes has made a contribution to biomedical science that is disproportionate to the rarity of affected individuals. In this lecture, I discuss examples of where such studies have helped to illuminate two areas of human metabolism. First, the control of insulin sensitivity and its disruption in states of insulin resistance and second, the regulation of energy balance and its disturbances in obesity.
Exercise During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risks of Abnormal Screening and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ehrlich Samantha F. , Ferrara Assiamira , Hedderson Monique M. , Feng Juanran , Neugebauer Romain
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the effects of exercise during the first trimester on the risks of abnormal screening and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data come from PETALS, a prospectively followed pregnancy cohort (n = 2,246, 79% minorities) receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. A Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess exercise. Glucose testing results for screening and diagnostic tests were obtained from electronic health records. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and targeted maximum likelihood with data-adaptive estimation (machine learning) of propensity scores and outcome regressions were used to obtain causal risk differences adjusted for potential confounders, including prepregnancy BMI, exercise before pregnancy, and gestational weight gain. Exercise was dichotomized at 1) the cohort’s 75th percentile for moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise (≥13.2 MET-h per week or ≥264 min per week of moderate exercise), 2) current recommendations (≥7.5 MET-h per week or ≥150 min per week of moderate exercise), and 3) any vigorous exercise.

RESULTS

Overall, 24.3% and 6.5% had abnormal screening and GDM, respectively. Exercise meeting or exceeding the 75th percentile decreased the risks of abnormal screening and GDM by 4.8 (95% CI 1.1, 8.5) and 2.1 (0.2, 4.1) fewer cases per 100, respectively, in adjusted analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise reduces the risks of abnormal screening and GDM, but the amount needed to achieve these risk reductions is likely higher than current recommendations. Future interventions may consider promoting ≥38 min per day of moderate-intensity exercise to prevent GDM.
Carbohydrate Requirements for Prolonged, Fasted Exercise With and Without Basal Rate Reductions in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: McGaugh Sarah M. , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Pooni Rubin , D’Souza Ninoschka C. , Vienneau Todd , Ly Trang T. , Riddell Michael C.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Exercising while fasted with type 1 diabetes facilitates weight loss; however, the best strategy to maintain glucose stability remains unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fifteen adults on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion completed three sessions of fasted walking (120 min at 45% VO2max) in a randomized crossover design: 50% basal rate reduction, set 90 min pre-exercise (−90min50%BRR); usual basal rate with carbohydrate intake of 0.3 g/kg/h (CHO-only); and combined 50% basal rate reduction set at exercise onset with carbohydrate intake of 0.3 g/kg/h (Combo).

RESULTS

Combo had a smaller change in glucose (5 ± 47 mg/dL) versus CHO-only (−49 ± 61 mg/dL, P = 0.03) or −90min50%BRR (−34 ± 45 mg/dL). The −90min50%BRR strategy produced higher β-hydroxybutyrate levels (0.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.1 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and greater fat oxidation (0.51 ± 0.2 vs. 0.39 ± 0.1 g/min) than CHO-only (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

All strategies examined produced stable glycemia for fasted exercise, but a 50% basal rate reduction, set 90 min pre-exercise, eliminates carbohydrate needs and enhances fat oxidation better than carbohydrate feeding with or without a basal rate reduction set at exercise onset.
Injection Technique: Development of a Novel Questionnaire and User Guide
Authors: Barnard-Kelly Katharine D. , Mahoney Edward , Baccari Leah , Oliveria Teresa , Glezer Stanislav , Berard Lori , Morel Didier
Published: December 2020

Approximately
200 million people worldwide use injectable therapies as part of diabetes
management. There appears to be a
significant gap between insulin injection technique recommendations and
injection practice for many. We aimed to develop and validate a novel, brief,
self-administered injection technique assessment questionnaire.
Masking of High-Translucency Zirconia for Various Cores
Authors: Jung J , Roh BD , Kim JH , Shin Y
Published: December 2020

Clinical Relevance

Various core materials with different shades affect the final color of high-translucency monolithic zirconia restorations. The blue core shows the greatest color difference in final zirconia restorations followed by metal, A3 dentin-shade resin core, and white core.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the masking ability of high-translucency monolithic zirconia for various core materials. A computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing system was used to design a zirconia disc with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm. Four groups of cores (n=15 each) were fabricated with blue-colored dual-cure resin, white-colored dual-cure resin, A3 dentin-shade composite resin, and titanium block with 10-mm diameter and 5-mm thickness.

Dual-cure, self-adhesive resin cement discs with a thickness of 25.0 ± 0.02 μm were fabricated. The color was measured using a handheld spectrophotometer. Color measurements of all specimens were performed on a white background. To assess the masking ability of zirconia, the difference between the values measured with zirconia on a white background and the values measured with zirconia on each of the four types of core material as a background with the cement specimens interposed (zirconia + cement + core) was determined. To enhance the optical connection between the specimens, distilled water was applied between each layer during each measurement.

The results showed that the value of ΔE was highest for the blue core followed by metal, A3 dentin-shade resin core, and white-resin core. No significant differences were observed between the metal core and the A3 dentin-shade resin core or between the A3 dentin-shade resin core and the white core. The blue core had the significantly highest ΔE value based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test.

Different core materials affect the final color of high-translucency monolithic zirconia restorations. Thus, our study showed that the final color of high-translucency monolithic zirconia restorations could be affected by the type of core material used.
The Analysis of Student’s Junior High School Perception of Free Sex Behavior in Terms of Gender Differences
Authors: Kholidin Farid Imam , Putri Elin Eria , Yandri Hengki , Juliwati Dosi , Erniyati Yelni
Published: December 2020

Students who are in the adolescence phase begin to show an interest in the opposite sex as shown by dating behavior. The phenomenon of dating behavior among adolescents today shows a wrong perception such as to prove love, they often engage in hand-holding, kissing, hugging and even having sex which is clearly prohibited in Islam. If the problem is not immediately revealed, it will cause serious moral damage to adolescents. The study aims to reveal students ' perception of free sex behavior in terms of gender differences. The research method used was the comparative quantitative type with the research respondents of the State Junior High School 24 Kerinci which consisted of  78 people. The research Data were revealed with a scale of free sex behavior and analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that there were different perceptions between male and female students to free sex behavior namely the score was 0,005 sig.
Potensi Ekstrak Bawang Hitam sebagai Tabir Surya terhadap Paparan Sinar Ultraviolet
Authors: Dampati Putu Srinata , Veronica Elvina
Published: December 2020

Abstract—Skin cancer is in the third rank in Indonesia. One of the causes of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation forms Reactive Oxygen Species that disrupts the regulation of the cell-matrix and causes photoaging and the burden of gene mutations that cause carcinogenesis. Black garlic is fermented garlic with a certain duration, temperature, and humidity. Black garlic has higher levels of antioxidants than garlic. Aimsresearch to determine the potential of black garlic extract as a sunscreen against ultraviolet rays. Literature study using literature review articles and research articles from international and national journals within the last ten years. Result research show black garlic extract protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation, acts as a photoprotector, prevents photoaging by stimulating fibroblast orders and prevents collagen I degradation, and prevents carcinogenesis. Black Garlic extract has a potency become sunscreen against ultraviolet exposure due to its antioxidant content. Further research is needed on the dosage and side effects. Keywords: antioxidants, black garlic, reactive oxgyen species, ultraviolet

Abstrak— Kanker kulit menduduki peringkat tiga kanker terbanyak di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab kanker kulit adalah paparan sinar ultraviolet matahari yang berlebih. Radiasi sinar ultraviolet membentuk reactive oxygen species yang mengganggu regulasi matriks sel dan menimbulkan photoaging serta memicu mutasi gen yang menyebabkan karsinogenesis. Bawang hitam merupakan bawang putih yang difermentasi dengan waktu, suhu, dan kelembapan tertentu. Bawang hitam mengandung antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dari bawang putih. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui potensi ekstrak bawang hitam sebagai tabir surya terhadap paparan sinar ultraviolet.Studi pustaka menggunakan artikel literature review dan artikel penelitian di jurnal internasional dan nasional dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Ekstrak bawang hitam kaya akan antioksidan yang dapat melindungi kulit dari radiasi sinar ultraviolet, berperan sebagai fotoprotektor, mencegah photoaging dengan menstimulasi pembentukan fibroblas dan mencegah degradasi kolagen I, dan mencegah karsinogenesis. Ekstrak bawang putih berpotensi sebagai tabir surya terhadap paparan sinar ultraviolet karena kandungan antioksidannya. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang dosis dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Kata kunci: antioksidan, bawang hitam, reactive oxgyen species, ultraviolet
Factors of Tendency on Students’ Interest Towards Arabic Language: A Study at Management and Science University
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Fahimi , Muhammad Nawawi Mohd Adi Amzar
Published: December 2020

The offering of Arabic in Management and Science (MSU) is not new, even since its inception. It is in line with government policy through the Ministry of Education Malaysia to promote Arabic as an international professional field. To date, there have been no specific studies related to the journey of Arabic teaching and learning at MSU as there are no such requirements today. Therefore, this study was conducted by those with a background in Arabic seeking to determine what factors are likely to be of interest to MSU students in Arabic during the current semester of September 2019. Researcher adopt a library study through a qualitative approach that leads to text analysis through application of methods descriptive surveys, a set of online surveys using google sheets and distributed to 30 students who took Arabic from a variety of programs and faculties. This study shows that the dominant factor is the desire to learn a new language among students compared to other factors such as refining their knowledge, working in the Arab world, understanding the Quran, responding to challenges and fun teaching aids. This study also records some of the important factors that influence this factor: gender, semester of study, program, faculty, age and subject. This proves that students' interest in the subject matter of the Arabic is not only due to certain factors, but also by other influences which also play an important role in the formation of the student's own interest.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Elicited Students’ Salient Beliefs Toward Critical Reading
Authors: Anuar Nadia , Muhammad Ahmad Mazli , Awang Zainudin
Published: December 2020

Critical reading was named a key aspiration in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015-2025) and is an essential skill students must acquire. However, an increased number of students was reported to demonstrate poor critical reading performance at the workplace. Thus, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was utilised to examine students’ beliefs critical reading which encompass behavioural belief (advantages and disadvantages of critical reading), normative belief (identification of people who approve participating in critical reading), and control belief (difficulties in critical reading). A three-stage research design was employed. The first stage, elicitation study, was conducted as this stage has received minimum scholarly attention in the TPB literature and to ensure a more comprehensive analysis. The beliefs were analysed qualitatively, which was proceeded by expert panel review. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the salient beliefs. Findings from the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis revealed that beliefs that were elicited from students in this first stage are appropriate and possess sufficient reliability and construct validity. Hence, the results of this study not only contributed to the critical reading and Theory of Planned Behaviour’s literature but have also identified more relevant factors that influence students’ perception toward critical reading.
La estrategia actual de Ecuador frente al Régimen Internacional de Inversiones
Authors: Núñez Naranjo Edwin Santiago
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue descubrir la estrategia actual del Ecuador sobre la atracción de inversión extranjera directa. Se realizó un acercamiento histórico al Régimen Internacional de Inversiones en el que Ecuador se ha desenvuelto y se elaboró una indagación cualitativa, bibliográfica y de campo respecto de la política exterior ecuatoriana en materia de inversiones a partir de las acciones ejecutadas entre 2007 y 2019 por sus gobiernos. El análisis ha demostrado que los flujos de inversión extranjera directa recibida por Ecuador no han mejorado, a causa de un discurso cambiante: entre 2007 y 2017, al denunciar el sistema de arbitraje y los acuerdos internacionales de inversión firmados y entre 2017 y 2019, al promover la firma de nuevos convenios.
Reconciling community land and state forest claims in Indonesia: A case study of the Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation Program in South Sumatra
Authors: Salim M. Nazir , Wulan Diah Retno , Pinuji Sukmo
Published: December 2020

Longstanding land tenure claims in state forest by communities continues to pose a challenge to government institutions in Indonesia. Such conditions require institutions to develop mechanisms to assure communities of their rights in the state ideals of manifest justice and welfare. One government policy to reconcile these goals is the mechanism on Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation in State Forests (Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan/PPTKH). This study aims to describe this policy in the context of fieldwork experience related to fundamental problems in the process of identification and settlement of land tenure claimed by communities in state forests. Data collection was obtained through participant observation conducted with communities in Ogan Kemoring Ulu Regency by identifying and verifying community lands in state forests. This method allowed for a more nuanced understanding of settlement challenges and afforded the opportunity to develop a formula for addressing conflicts. The results of the study show that the main problems are a lack of access to information related to the PPTKH policy emergent from ineffective dissemination of information combined with an underdeveloped capacity of processes that support the community to convene and discuss with government actors, academics/researchers, and activists/scholars. The participative learning process conducted by the authors helped the community effectively prepare documents to propose to an Inventory and Verification (Inver) team of Land Tenure in State Forests. Therefore, going forward more collaborative work is needed within the framework of community assistance and capacity building so that the communities have the means and resources to able to understand the challenges of land tenure recognition and be empowered to propose such mechanisms independently. Communities who claim land in state forests depend upon formalized legality, without which can potentially harm their access and assets.
Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects: A Topic Review and a Case Report of a Lethal Polymalformation Syndrome with a Giant Abdominoschisis
Authors: Bartos V.
Published: December 2020

Abdominal wall defects (AWDs) represent a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies which are characterized by a herniation of abdominal organs through a pathologic opening in the abdominal region. The author describes a 29-year-old pregnant woman who was prenatally found to have a living female fetus with a giant omphalocele and a spinal deformation in the lumbosacral region. An evisceration of the abdominal contents into the amnionic cavity was visible. Based on USG findings the limb-body wall complex was suggested. An amniocentesis was performed and a genetic testing identified a chromosome 17q23.1–q23.2 duplication. As the fetal anomaly was considered incompatible with life, a medical termination of the pregnancy was carried out. Postmortem examination of the fetus revealed a huge abdominoschisis with a complete evisceration of the liver, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, and the right kidney. A severe left-sided scoliosis deformity of the spine with crooked trunk was evident. The gross findings shared the features of omphalocele and limb-body wall complex with no postnatal life expectancy. Most fetal AWDs have poor prognosis. The pathology of these conditions differ greatly and require specific prenatal evaluation and pregnancy management for each entity. Accurate assessment of AWDs will allow the identification of isolated forms with better clinical outcomes compared to associated multiple malformations with chromosomal anomalies or genetic syndromes.
A Variant of D’alembert’s Matrix Functional Equation
Authors: Aissi Youssef , Zeglami Driss , Ayoubi Mohamed
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to characterize the solutions Φ : G → M
2(ℂ) of the following matrix functional equations

Φ

(

x
y

)

+
Φ

(

σ

(
y
)

x

)

2

=
Φ

(
x
)

Φ

(
y
)

,
 
 
 
 
 
 
x
,
y
,
∈
G
,

{{\Phi \left( {xy} \right) + \Phi \left( {\sigma \left( y \right)x} \right)} \over 2} = \Phi \left( x \right)\Phi \left( y \right),\,\,\,\,\,\,x,y, \in G,

and

Φ

(

x
y

)

−
Φ

(

σ

(
y
)

x

)

2

=
Φ

(
x
)

Φ

(
y
)

,
 
 
 
 
 
 
x
,
y
,
∈
G
,

{{\Phi \left( {xy} \right) - \Phi \left( {\sigma \left( y \right)x} \right)} \over 2} = \Phi \left( x \right)\Phi \left( y \right),\,\,\,\,\,\,x,y, \in G,

where G is a group that need not be abelian, and σ : G → G is an involutive automorphism of G. Our considerations are inspired by the papers [13, 14] in which the continuous solutions of the first equation on abelian topological groups were determined.
Heat Load-Induced Changes in Lying Behavior and Lying Cubicle Occupancy of Lactating Dairy Cows in a Naturally Ventilated Barn
Authors: Heinicke Julia , Ott Aline , Ammon Christian , Amon Thomas
Published: December 2020

Dairy cows show a high sensitivity to changes in barn climate, which can result in physiological and ethological responses because of the homeostatic mechanisms to regulate the body temperature under heat load. The objective of this study was to analyze the lying behavior and occupancy of lying cubicles of lactating high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows throughout the day during three summer months and three winter months. The study was conducted in summer 2016 and in winter 2016/17 in a naturally ventilated barn in Brandenburg, Germany. The determined temperaturehumidity index (THI) of the barn was calculated using the measured ambient temperature and relative humidity at eight locations inside the barn. The THI was used to define the heat load the cows were exposed to. The activity of the cows was measured with accelerometers, and a video recording was made to analyze the occupancy of the three rows of lying cubicles. The results indicated that increasing heat load led to a decrease in lying time; therefore, the daily lying time differed between summer and winter months. In addition, there were different patterns of lying behavior during the course of the day, depending on the season. A sharp decline in lying time could be observed especially in the afternoon hours during the summer. The occupancy of lying cubicles was also influenced by the heat load. The data could be helpful to enable evaluation with algorithms for early detection of heat load.
Effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of lentils (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Djabali S. , Makhlouf F.Z. , Ertas A. , Barkat M.
Published: December 2020

The current research involves the study of the effect of thermal treatment in boiling water (cooking) on the nutrient components and phytochemical contents of lentils. The changes of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of lentils before and after cooking; as well as the recovered water are investigated. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin content were determined spectrophotometrically using standards methods and LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethyl benzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays. As compared to the raw lentils, cooking caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity. The obtained results indicated that the polyphenol content of cooking water was significantly higher than that of cooked and raw lentils; however the most important antioxidant activity was recorded for raw lentils. Several phenolic compounds were identified in fresh, cooked lentils and cooking water. The major compound for the three samples is tannic acid with a very remarkable value in the cooking water; while the minor compounds are naringenin for cooked lentils, apigenin for raw lentils and cooking water. Neoformed compounds have been also detected in the cooking water such as: quercetin, hespritin, tr-caffeic acid and chlorogenous acid in the cooking water.
Gastric impaction: an important health and welfare issue of growing ostriches
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Mukhtar Nasir , Ahmad Tanveer , Munir Muhammad Tanveer
Published: December 2020

Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches are hardy birds that can resist a wide range of climatic harshness and some diseases. However, musculoskeletal and digestive complications, including the gastric impaction, remain the major cause of mortality. The gastrointestinal impaction alone is responsible for 30 – 46% of spontaneous deaths in growing ostriches. The literature review of 21 publications on this subject has shown that 90% of these incidents happen during first six months of life. The aetiology of this problem is mostly stress and behaviour-related gorging of feed and picking on non-feeding materials such as stone, sand, wood pieces, plastic, glass, and metallic objects. Conservative therapy or surgical approaches show good results with almost 70 to 100% recovery depending upon the clinical presentation and timely diagnosis. Overall, this literature review describes impaction in farmed ostriches, along with diagnosis, treatment, and control and preventive measures. This information will help stakeholders understand the gastrointestinal impaction in ratites to better manage this issue, reduce economic losses, and improve welfare of the birds.
On topological properties of the set of maldistributed sequences
Authors: Bukor József , Tóth János T.
Published: December 2020

The real sequence (x
n
) is maldistributed if for any non-empty interval I, the set {n ∈𝕅 : x
n
∈I} has upper asymptotic density 1. The main result of this note is that the set of all maldistributed real sequences is a residual set in the set of all real sequences (i.e., the maldistribution is a typical property in the sense of Baire categories). We also generalize this result.
Evaluation of Histamine Contents during the Fish Meal Production Process
Authors: Mih Hicham , Lacherai Abdellah
Published: December 2020

Evaluation of histamine levels at various stages of manufacturing fish meal made from European pilchard Sardina pilchardus by-products was conducted on two batches which are distinguished by the quality of raw materials expressed through total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content. The goal was also to assess the impact of the reuse of the concentrated stickwater, the liquid from the pressing process of fish meal. The results revealed that the level of raw material deterioration influenced the level of histamine in the finished product. When the freshness of the raw material is acceptable (TVBN content: 30 mg/100 g), histamine contents recorded in the finished product remain clearly below the limit value of 500 ppm. In this case, incorporation of concentrated stickwater into press cake before drying did not affect the concentration of histamine accumulated in the finished product. When the raw material was spoiled (TVBN content: 120 mg/100 g), the recorded histamine content was twice the limit value (975.1 ± 33.9 ppm).
The Dynamic Theory of Time and Time Travel to the Past
Authors: Markosian Ned
Published: December 2020

I argue that time travel to the past is impossible, given a certain metaphysical theory, namely, The Dynamic Theory of Time. I first spell out my particular way of capturing the difference between The Dynamic Theory of Time and its rival, The Static Theory of Time. Next I offer four different arguments for the conclusion that The Dynamic Theory is inconsistent with the possibility of time travel to the past. Then I argue that, even if I am wrong about this, it will still be true that The Dynamic Theory entails thatyou should not wantto travel back to the past. Finally, I conclude by considering a puzzle that arises for those who believe that time travel to the past is metaphysically impossible: What exactly are we thinking about when we seem to be thinking about traveling back in time? For it certainly does not feel like we are thinking about something that is metaphysically impossible.
The moral power of the word: Ethical literature in Antiquity
Authors: Paczkowski Przemysław
Published: December 2020

According to an old legend, during the Messenian Wars in Laconia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, the Athenians sent the poet Tyrtaeus to the Spartans who were close to being defeated; he aroused in them the fighting spirit and renewed Spartan virtues. Philosophers in antiquity believed in the psychagogical power of the word, and this belief provided the foundation for ancient ethical literature, whose main purpose was to call for a spiritual transformation and to convert to philosophy. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate what tradition philosophy referred to in these efforts; what concept of man supported that belief; finally, what literary genres were used by ancient philosophers in ethics.
Ethics of responsibility in Ján Palárik’s civic liberalism
Authors: Martinkovič Marcel
Published: December 2020

The development of the individual attributes of ethics of responsibility in conjunction with the principles of civic liberalism in Slovak political thought is associated with the thinking of Ján Palárik. His political ideas published in the second half of the 19th century come out of an effort to characterize and achieve reform of the Habsburg monarchy on the basis of constitutionalism and federalism. These attributes, in Palárik’s opinion, were to bring more effective solutions to the issue of educating people in their mother tongue and the creation of civic culture. A part of Palárik’s approach to the formation of civic skills is also the advocating of free expression, the idea of pluralism and gradualism within the idea of the unity of the different. His realistic approach to politics was framed by knowing and respecting the objective limits when implementing the aims of national civic freedom. Palárik linked the development of the state and the process of acculturation of the people with application of the principles of practical reasonableness and ethics of responsibility. He found its essence in understanding the interconnectedness of political goals and ideals, which were to be reflected in close association with the real limitations of the capabilities of individuals and social circumstances.
Cultivated character: Voltaire and Karel Čapek on the good gardener
Authors: Brennan Daniel
Published: December 2020

The paper unpacks the nuanced ethical potential in the metaphor of gardening that is depicted in Karel Čapek’s The Gardener’s Year, and the relevance of Čapek’s metaphor for understanding Voltaire’s famously ambiguous ending to Candide. Against more pessimistic or passive accounts of what Candide could have meant, the paper agrees with scholars who consider Candide’s maxim as meaning to engage in active, and communal practise of character development. By using Čapek’s much fuller account of the gardener in the practice of cultivation to fill in the gaps in Voltaire’s account, the paper shows that gardening is a rich metaphor of the virtuous person engaged in lifelong character cultivation.
What is critical in the Anthropocene? A discussion of four conceptual problems from the environmental-political philosophy perspective
Authors: Buschmann Daniel
Published: December 2020

The Anthropocene confronts environmental philosophy with one of the most urgent questions of the 21st century: How to maintain the earth’s condition in a way that allows current and future human generations to thrive? By asking such a question, ethical thought ceases to be solely a matter of individuality or morality. Instead, it raises a political issue: How can or should environmental philosophy relate to society in the Anthropocene? This article argues for a critical perspective that draws on contemporary historic materialist scholars and politicises societal power relations. It exemplifies this approach by discussing key-terms of the Anthropocene discourse, like planetary boundaries, tipping points, and space-ship earth. The article concludes that the idea that “we have to act fast now” would be dangerously too easy because it ignores the ambivalent character of human-nature relations.
Analysis of morphological changes of rural settlement patterns after World War II in the metropolitan area of Łódź using a graph theory based method
Authors: Figlus Tomasz , Musiaka Łukasz
Published: December 2020

This research concerns the complex problem of morphological transformations of villages in the intra-urban area (i.e. settlements incorporated into acity), as well as the suburban area, using the example of the metropolitan area of Łódź, Poland. The main aim of the research was to analyse the diversity of selected rural settlements and their spatial changes after World War II.. The study was based on preserved historical maps and today’s plans. An analysis of morphological changes of selected villages was conducted using graph theory methods. It was noticed that the graph development index should depend on the relative number of edges in relation to the number of nodes and the number of graph cycles, which express the degree of complexity of a settlement unit. Three main groups of villages, characterised by different scales of morphological transformations, were distinguished as a result of the study. Settlement units with orthomorphic transformations, where all spatial modifications were mainly additive and the initial layouts have been preserved almost completely, represent the first group of villages. The second group is composed of units with semi-metamorphic transformations, where the spatial reorganization was significant, but not total. The third group includes villages with metamorphic changes, where the initial layouts have been totallytransformed.
Standardization of complementary work time in timber harvesting processes
Authors: Kamiński Krzysztof , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Kocel Janusz
Published: December 2020

One of the essential elements of work technology assessment is task performance time. In the working day structure, production times are crucial; however, under certain conditions, complementary work times can have a share of up to 30%. Accurate determination of the time structure of a work shift is very time consuming and requires time measurements using the methods of cumulative timing or snapshot observations. For this reason, the overall share of complementary work times in a work shift is usually estimated roughly, equally for all timber harvesting conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of selected working environment factors on the share of complementary work times in a work shift, in technologies on the manual-machine and the machine levels. The analyses were carried out in 33 forest districts of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Wrocław. Among forest contractors, surveys were carried out to analyse the time structure of a working day. For each forest district, analyses of environmental factors potentially relevant to the share of complementary work times in a work shift were carried out; these included field features, dispersion of stands, features of timber, area accessibility. The total share of complementary work times in the machine-level technology variant amounted to approx. 40% and was higher than the manual-machine technological variant, where this share amounted to approx. 35%. The models developed for standardization of the share of variability of complementary work times, in the case of the manual-machine technology level, took into account the share of timber assortments with the length of over 2.5 m as well as the share of upland and mountain sites. In the case of timber harvesting at the machine technology level, the standardization model included as significant the factors such as the share of coniferous forest sites, the number of forest complexes with an area of over 100 hectares, and the total length of roads. Therefore, the above features could be selected as decisive for the share of the complementary work time category out of the full set of environmental variables taken into consideration in the estimation of the time-consumption of timber harvesting processes.
Perception and Action in Complex Movements: The Emerging Relevance of Auditory Information
Authors: Agostini Tiziano , Sors Fabrizio , Mingolo Serena , Baldassi Giulio , Murgia Mauro
Published: December 2020

Recent studies explored the contribution of auditory information in ecological contexts to biological motion perception and its influence on movement execution. This work provides an overview of the most influential scientific contributions in this domain and analyzes the most recent findings, both in sport and motor rehabilitation. Overall, the literature indicates that ecological sounds associated with movements are relevant for perceiving some important features of sport movements. Auditory information is also relevant during performance execution, and can be used to create training protocols. Also, similarly auditory information can be used in clinical contexts to provide rhythmic information to enhance the efficacy of motor rehabilitation protocols. In conclusion, we can say that the role of ecological sounds of movements is examined in conveying complexity of information from a gestalt perspective.
From the Self to the Other and Back Again: Intersubjectivity as a Perpetual Motion Around the Self
Authors: Michalska Anna
Published: December 2020

In the methodology of science, intersubjectivity is usually associated with replicability of experimental results. A related, judicial conception of objectivity as impartiality has it that a theory or judgment is objective if it covers all the relevant angles of the object or phenomenon in question, ensuring that the latter is not ephemeral and the concepts referring to them are valid. Based on the assumption that in the social sciences, the researcher is also a participant, an alternative view was conceived, according to the notion that intersubjectivity rests on either sharing of a lifeworld and its associated practices or on empathy, or on some form of direct social cognition.

My aim in this paper is to bring some elements of the Gestalt theory – and more specifically, Rudolf Arnheim’s (1988) adapted model of field dynamics – to bear on the problematic of intersubjectivity. The proposed model suggests that intersubjectivity is a dynamic phenomenon, best described as a product of two vectors: a vector describing a movement across the circumference combined with a vector describing the movement from the center to the circumference. While the first vector corresponds to impartiality, the second represents the tension between cognitive distancing and direct experience. Overall, it is argued that intersubjectivity cannot be divorced from either subjectivity or objectivity and it amounts to skillful navigation within different frames of reference.