bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical outcome of induction immunosuppressive therapy with thymoglobulin and standard therapy in kidney transplantation; a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Shahbazian Heshmatollah , Ghorbani Ali , Hayati Fatemeh , Beladi Mousavi Seyed Seifollah , Sabetnia Leila , Ahmadi Halili Shahla , Shayanpour Shokouh , Rezaee Isa
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Thymoglobulin is a lymphocyte-depleting polyclonal antibody, administered for induction therapy at the time of kidney transplantation to reduce the risk of acute allograft rejection. The appropriate dosage and duration of therapy is controversial. The higher dosages are associated with infection and malignancy. Objectives: In this study efficacy and safety of lower dosage (in comparison with previous studies) of thymoglobulin in kidney transplant recipients was evaluated. Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 106 adult kidney transplant recipients, were randomized before transplantation in two groups (case and control). The case group (53 patients) were received induction therapy with thymoglobulin (1.5 mg/kg/d for 3 days) and the control group (53 patients) were received non-induction regiment. Delayed graft function (DGF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), acute allograft rejection and thymoglobulin complications were evaluated during the first post-transplantation year. Results: Around 106 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled (71 or 66.98% deceased donor) to the study. No significant statistical differences were found in GFR at the time of discharge from hospital (P=0.399) and at 1 year (P=0.851) and acute allograft rejection (P= 0.304) between two groups. Graft survival (73.5% in case group versus 81.1% in control group, P=0.392) at month 12th was similar among groups. Additionally, no significant differences of acute allograft rejection in recipient from deceased or living donor between two groups were detected. There was a higher incidence of DGF in the control group (26.4%) than the thymoglobulin group (5.8%) and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.004). Thrombocytopenia (17% versus 49.1%, P<0.001) and leukopenia (11.3% versus 50.9%, P<0.001) were also significantly higher in the case group. Conclusion: While the incidence of DGF was reduced in thymoglobulin group, the short-term acute allograft rejection rate was not reduced compared to the control group. However, our results require further consideration with larger samples
Diagnosis and predictive clinical and para-clinical cutoffs for diabetes complications in Lur and Lak populations of Iran; a ROC curve analysis to design a regional guideline
Authors: Khodadadi Babak , Mousavi Nazanin , Mousavi Mahshad , Baharvand Parastoo , Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: American Diabetes Association updates its guideline every year. However this guideline can be changed for different populations based on their cultural and genetic status.
Objectives: We intend to design a regional study in Lur and Lak populations of Iran using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve model.
Patients and Methods: A total of 133 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were enrolled in this study. The collected information for each patient were gender, age, body mass index (BMI), DM type, DM duration, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, type of treatments, type of statin and dose, documented neuropathy, documented nephropathy, symptomatic retinopathy, peripheral vessel disease (PVD), documented cardiovascular disease (CVD), food ulcer history, dawn effect, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). ROC curve was used and area under curve (AUC) was reported.
Results: For neuropathy, age was the most accurate diagnostic index (area under curve [AUC] = 79%). For nephropathy SBP was the most accurate diagnostic index (AUC= 88%). For symptomatic retinopathy DM duration was the most accurate diagnostic index (AUC= 81%). For PVD, HDL-C was the most accurate diagnostic index (reverse AUC= 67%). For CVD age was the most accurate diagnostic index (AUC= 81%). For foot ulcer history age was the most accurate diagnostic index (AUC= 85%). Conclusion: The final suggested guideline is like the international guidelines. However some unique points should be regarded. Blood pressure >165/110 mm Hg is diagnostic of diabetic nephropathy. Additionally serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) >48 mg/dL is strongly suggested.
Factors influencing the improvement of self-management behavior in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jebraeily Mohamad , Makhdoomi Khadijeh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients encounter several challenges. They require strong attention to behavioral and lifestyle changes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was identifying factors that influence the improvement of self-management behavior in a group of HD patients. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted with participation of 420 patients in HD centers in Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2017. For data collection, a self-designed questionnaire was designed. Results: The most important factors which are effective to improve self-management behavior were related to psychosocial support (4.66), patient education and empowerment programs (4.58), religious beliefs (4.50), active participation of family members (4.43), expanding role providers for self-management patient (4.36), and patient literacy and readiness (4.30) respectively. Conclusion: For the promotion of self-management behavior, healthcare providers should increase the abilities of patients for disease management. Therefore, it seems that selfmanagement training for HD patients is a crucial element of the care process.
The effect of coenzyme Q10 on cognitive status in chronic hemodialysis patients; a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Tamadon Mohammad Reza , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Rafaati Shahb
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Renal failure is a stressful process that has several complications, including neurological disorders such as cognitive disorder, which can lead to the incidence of psychological disorders. Objectives: Given the reduced coenzyme Q10 levels in patients with chronic renal failure and the known role of this coenzyme in cognitive disorders, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of cognitive disorder in hemodialysis patients in Semnan, Iran. Patients and Methods: The present double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at Kosar Hospital of Semnan. The participants underwent a cognitive assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). They were then randomly divided into two groups; group one received CoQ10 supplement and group two received placebo for 90 days, after which period they underwent another cognitive assessment using the MMSE. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene’s test were used to verify the normal distribution of the data. Data were analyzed using the t test and Mann–Whitney U test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their personal details. The mean (± standard deviation) of the MMSE1 score was 21.29±6.5 in the control group and 21.09±5.4 in the case group. The mean (± standard deviation) of the MMSE2 score was 20.62±6.5 in the control group and 23.29±5.8 in the case group. A significant difference between the two groups in terms of their pre- and post-intervention MMSE scores was observed, suggesting the positive effect of the medication (P<0.001). Conclusion: The daily intake of CoQ10 100-mg led to a significant change in the cognitive status of chronic hemodialysis patients compared to the group that received only the placebo. Conducting a similar study but with the addition of a healthy control group is recommended in order to establish a base measure for the healthy population and to thus enable the better interpretation of the effect of this supplement.
Preeclampsia without hypertension occurring at 17 weeks of amenorrhea; a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sanogo Sindou , Konan Serge Didier , Yao Kouamé Hubert , Diopoh Séry Patrick , Aka Jean , Niava Randolphe
Published: February 2020

In general, the term "preeclampsia" refers to the presence of hypertension associated with proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously non-proteinuric and normotensive woman. A 24-year-old woman, known to be non-hypertensive, carried two pregnancies and lost two babies. In 2011, as she was carrying the third (twin) pregnancy at 17 weeks of amenorrhea, she was admitted to the hospital for an 8-kilogram excess weight gain between two antenatal visits spaced 4 weeks apart. The clinical examination revealed 140 mmHg systolic blood pressure and 80 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure. The following days, the systolic blood pressure ranged between 110 and 120 mm Hg. Furthermore, the presence of bilateral and symmetrical pitting edema of the lower limbs was reported. The laboratory assessment upon admission showed the following results, proteinuria; 3.3 g/24 h, total albumin; 1.7 g/dL, total protein; 5.4 g/dL and total calcium was 75 g/L. The test results for HIV serology, HBs antigen and HCV antibodies as well as antinuclear and native anti-DNA antibodies were negative. The treatment consisted of iron, folic acid and calcium supplementation. Cesarean section was scheduled for the 38th week. The immediate aftermath was simple. Formula feeding was recommended for the newborns and ramipril 1.25 mg was initiated in the mother once daily. The evolution was marked by a progressive reduction in proteinuria around 500 mg/24 h six months after delivery, and below 200 mg/24 h one year later. Pre-eclampsia before 20 weeks of gestation is rare. Hypertension, which is its main clinical sign, may be exceptionally absent at this stage.
Validation of Roofing Membrane Composition by NMR: Products of Ketone-Ethylene Ester and Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Masson J.-F , Sato Taijiro , Collins Peter , Robertson Gilles P. , Beall Jerry
Published: February 2020

Roofing membranes produced with ketone-ethylene-ester (KEE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are defined within the standard specification for KEE-based sheet roofing, ASTM D6754, Standard Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester Based Sheet Roofing, in which it is specified that such membranes must contain at least 50% (wt.) KEE. Until the recent release of ASTM D8154, Standard Test Methods for 1H-NMR Determination of Ketone-Ethylene-Ester and Polyvinyl Chloride Contents in KEE-PVC Roofing Fabrics, in which the determination of KEE content is based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, no method was sufficiently precise or accurate to measure the KEE content within 1% or better. In this paper, a description is provided of the development and the basic process behind the use of 1H-NMR to establish KEE content in KEE/PVC membranes as described in ASTM D8154. To develop a quantitative method to assess KEE concentration in roofing membranes, several NMR approaches were used, including both solid-state and liquid-state NMR. Approaches using solid-state NMR, including carbon-13 and proton spectroscopy, proved inadequate for the quantification of KEE because of insufficient spectral resolution. Liquid-state NMR proved to be a better approach, but accurate results are achieved only after the KEE-PVC blend is extracted from the roofing membrane through a multistep process. The liquid-state NMR work led to two methods to quantitatively measure the KEE content in blends with PVC. Method A is the simplest, and its accuracy is better than 2.3%. Method B is more protracted, but its accuracy is better than 0.6%.
Digitales Zentralbankgeld und Kryptowährungen
Authors: Vollmer Uwe
Published: February 2020

Seit einigen Jahren verbreiten sich dezentral produzierte, an das Internet gebundene „Kryptowährungen“ rasant. Sie dienen als Zahlungs- und Wertaufbewahrungsmittel und können Geldfunktionen erfüllen. Inzwischen befassen sich auch einige Notenbanken mit der Frage, ob sie selber Zentralbankgeld in digitaler Form ausgeben sollen. Der Beitrag nimmt solche Entwicklungen zum Anlass, um zu prüfen, ob sich „Kryptowährungen“ als Tauschmedium durchsetzen können und welche Konsequenzen die Ausgabe von digitalem Zentralbankgeld für die Wirksamkeit der Geldpolitik und für die Finanzmarktstabilität hat.
Deutschlands smarteste Städte
Authors: Horstmann Felix
Published: February 2020

Wie digital sind Deutschlands Städte? Diese Frage beantwortet der Smart City Index. Im Auftrag des Digitalverbands Bitkom wurden alle 81 deutschen Großstädte mit mehr als 100.000 Einwohnern analysiert. Für jede Stadt wurden 96 Parameter untersucht – von Online-Bürger-Services über Sharing-Angebote für Mobilität und intelligente Ampelanlagen bis hin zur Breitbandverfügbarkeit.
Encyclopedic Information in Bilingual Dictionaries: Field of Geography
Authors: Valančiauskienė Aušra
Published: February 2020

When preparing a dictionary it is impossible to ignore outside world or so called encyclopedic knowledge. In megastructure level of a bilingual dictionary, various appendices are often addede.g. toponyms, anthroponyms, and ethnonyms. Arranged before or after the corpus, these appendices are most commonly used for grammatical descriptions as well as toponyms (hydronyms and oikonims) and lists of commonly used abbreviations. At the macrostructure and microstructure level, the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge is even more evident: the nomenclature of the modern linguistic monolingual or bilingual dictionary includes a number of lexis related to a particular cognitive domain (ethnography, history, mythology, geography, economics, etc.); therefore, a lot of different encyclopedic information is provided in order to explain it. Recently, many European lexicographers have been discussing the need to avoid any appendices to the vocabulary and to instead incorporate the information contained into the text of lexicographic publication wherever possible. Researchers base this view on the fact that each additional source of information in the dictionary requires further time and energy from the user looking for the lexical unit they want. The user may also be unfamiliar or insufficiently familiar with the dictionary structure and simply be unaware that additional information can be found elsewhere rather than in the dictionary text itself. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine, based on the analytical and descriptive method, four dictionaries published in Lithuania (The Great Lithuanian-English Dictionary (2006), Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (2015), The Great Lithuanian-French Dictionary (2012) and Lithuanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001))in terms of geographical knowledge presentation: evaluate the presentation of this knowledge at megastructure, macrostructure and microstructure levels.
Baroreflex Activation Therapy for Resistant Hypertension and Heart Failure
Authors: Dyrvig Kristensen Anna Meta , Pareek Manan , Olsen Michael Hecht , Bhatt Deepak L ,   Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
Published: February 2020

Hypertension and heart failure are important contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Despite therapeutic lifestyle and pharmacological measures, a significant proportion of people with hypertension do not reach treatment targets. Patients with resistant or poorly controlled hypertension are at significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure. Since dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system appears to play a key role in the development and progression of both hypertension and heart failure, these patients may benefit from treatment modalities aimed at reducing sympathetic function. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of baroreflex activation therapy as a potential treatment strategy in patients with resistant hypertension or heart failure.
Znikające znaki. Czy można prześledzić losy polskich herbów rycerskich w świetle źródeł średniowiecznych?
Authors: Gigoń Mateusz
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Obrazując czarownice – niedocenione źródło w badaniach początków kształtowaniasię stereotypu czarownicy
Authors: Gacek Joanna
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Świat jako więzienie czyli rzeczywistość międzyludzka w czarnych okularach (Witolda Gombrowicza)
Authors: Bzowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Matka Polka w defensywie? Przemiany mitu i jego wpływ na macierzyństwo polskich kobiet
Authors: Imbierowicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Nacjonalistyczne koncepcje wychowania we współczesnej myśli narodowo-radykalnej
Authors: Figiel Dominik
Published: February 2020

National upbringing is concentrated around 20th century national concepts and often adopts radical approaches. Nationalism, which in its essence is an ideological movement, today is per-ceived in a very negative way: by putting people at its forefront, it emphasizes their autonomy. Polish nationalism is grounded in religion, more speciﬁ cally, in Christianity with its traditionalist foundation.
EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES IN THE SUPPRESSION OF Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Authors: Vojinović Milić , Živić Jelica , Stančić1 Ivica , Golubović Sladjana , Perić Sanja
Published: February 2020

Pseudoperonospora cubensis is one of the most important cucumber diseases. Its continued appearance in most parts of Europe, Asia and the United States and its persistence represent a significant threat to the production of cucumbers around the world. Although the disease has been successfully suppressed for many years, severe epidemics have been reported since 2004, especially in the United States (Ivanović, M. et al. 2001). Whether this is the result of a change in the pathogen population or changes in the environment, it is currently unknown. The control of the Pseudoperonospora cubensis relies on the application of fungicide and the resistance of the host itself to the pathogen. Nonetheless, the resistance of Ps. Cubensis is recorded worldwide, and host resistance is no longer sufficient to control the disease as it once was possible. Additional costs on fungicides, along with the potential loss of yield and up to 100% caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis, endanger the long-term sustainability of cucumber production (Đurovka, 2001).
Knowledge of Ps. cubensis, its epidemiology, the process of infection and genetics of the population is currently lacking, which is why it is necessary to encourage future efforts for the development of resistant sorts as well as fungicides in order to successfully combat Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Ivanović, et al. 2007). Researching this pathogen can help us understand it, and develop effective measures for diagnosing and suppressing Ps. cubensis.
In addition to preventive measures in the protection of cucumbers against plant diseases, the efficiency of fungicides, which suppress Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a limiting factor in cucumber production. Pesticides with the following active substances were used in the study: propineb, metalaxyl + mancozeb, metiram, dimethomorph + mancozeb, azoxystrobin, amethotradine + dimethomorph, azoxystrobin, fluazinam (Vojinović 2014, Vojinović 2015.). The efficiency of the tested fungicides was calculated according to Abbot's formula, and it is 92-97% (Table 1.).
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN COMPANIES OF FOOD INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA: CHALLENGES AND TRENDS
Authors: Kulova Ivelina
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how companies from food industry in Bulgaria cope with the challenges and trends of the digital transformation. The analysis is based on data from specialized literature and statistics of NSI, EUROSTAT, Siemens and GBCIC, McKinsey Global Institute, IFAC, etc. to draw a comprehensive picture of the degree of digitization penetration in the enterprises of the food industry in Bulgaria. The results illustrate the complexity of the digital transformation of enterprises of food industry in Bulgaria and the challenges they are facing in their digital transition. This study can be a reliable reference for the industry to understand the current situation and the challenges of digitization.
Simulasi Dinamika Gelombang Berjalan Pada Model Invasi Tumor
Authors: Abdullah Habib , Nuraiman Dian , Sukaesih Esih
Published: February 2020

Invasi adalah penjalaran sel tumor ke daerah sekitarnya yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada jaringan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis proses keberhasilan invasi sel tumor dengan cara menginvestigasi keberadaan solusi gelombang berjalan pada model haptotaksis sel tumor ganas dengan tidak mengabaikan proses difusi. Model tersebut diselesaikan secara numerik menggunakan metode Runga-Kutta Orde 4 untuk mengetahui dinamika gelombang berjalan dan pengaruh parameter awal terhadap dinamika gelombangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gelombang berjalan cenderung smooth ketika nilai awal konsentrasi matriks ekstraseluler (ECM) lebih besar dari nilai awal populasi sel tumor dan sebaliknya gelombang berjalan cenderung shock ketika nilai awal konsentrasi matriks ekstraseluler (ECM) lebih kecil daripada nilai awal populasi sel tumor.
Congenital Disorders of genital organs with menstrual Blood outflow Defect: Diagnostics, Treatment and Prevention of Complications
Authors: Batyrova Zalina K. , Uvarova E. V. , Kumykova Zaira Kh. , Chuprynin Vladimir D. , Kruglyak Diana A.
Published: February 2020

There is significant growth in numbers of patients with congenital disorders of various organs and systems in recent decades. The complexity of this problem is defined by difficulties in diagnostics especially in cases of associative disorders which leads to untimely treatment and numerous complications. This article covers features of management of female patients with malformations of genital organs with menstrual blood outflow defect.
Immunological Protection Against Vaccine-Preventable Infections (Hepatitis B, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Diphtheria, Tetanus) of Russian and Foreign Students: A Simultaneous Study
Authors: Sutovskaya Diana V. , Burlutskaya Alla V. , Dubova Larisa V. , Krylova Daria R. , Korobkina Olga G.
Published: February 2020

The increase in the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections is due to the low level of immunological protection of the population, which against the background of active migration processes can determine high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the development of epidemics. To study the tension of post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus among Russian and foreign students studying in a Russian university. The study included students who received a full course of vaccination and revaccination for hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella and mumps in accordance with the National Calendar of the Russian Federation (including students from Turkmenistan and Syria), similar immunization programs in Israel (students from Jordan and Palestine) and Tajikistan who did not have (according to medical records) these infections in the past. Evaluation of the state of immunity was carried out by determining antibodies by ELISA (hepatitis B virus and rubella), RPHA (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) and RTGA (mumps and measles virus). The minimum protective level of antibodies was established when their concentration to HBsAg > 0.01 IU/ml, rubella virus > 10 IU/ml, titer to tetanus toxoid 1:20; diphtheria toxoid 1:40, mumps virus 1:10, measles 1: 4. 40 Russian and 63 foreign students were examined. The minimum protective level of antibodies and higher against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids has been established for all students, for hepatitis B — only for Russian students. The minimum protective level of antibodies to measles among Russian students was absent in 5 (13%), against mumps — 4 (10%), and rubella — 2 (5%) cases. Among foreign students, an insufficient level of antibodies to hepatitis B was recorded in 18 (29%), for measles — 19 (30%), for mumps — 15 (24%), for rubella — 4 (6%) cases. Insufficient protection of Russian and foreign students to measles, rubella and mumps was established, only foreign students to hepatitis B.
Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo
Authors: Duque Hansel , Aristizábal Díaz-Granados Edith T.
Published: February 2020

Propósito: Ofrecer una guía metodológica para la implementación del análisis fenomenológico interpretativo (AFI), en especial, para aquellos que se inician en la investigación cualitativa.

Tema: El análisis fenomenológico interpretativo como método para la comprensión de las experiencias personales y su aplicación en el campo de la psicología.

Desarrollo: Se presentan las características generales de la metodología AFI, luego se describen cada una de sus etapas, desde la formulación de la pregunta de investigación y el acceso al campo, hasta la selección de los participantes y la recolección de información. Por último, se describen en detalle las fases y procedimientos para el análisis de datos, así como la redacción y presentación de los resultados.

Conclusión: El análisis fenomenológico interpretativo es un enfoque de investigación cualitativo que busca comprender los significados asociados a la experiencia vivida. En la actualidad, goza de gran reconocimiento y es ampliamente utilizado en el campo de la psicología, especialmente en países de habla inglesa.
An Analysis of the Service Provider’s Legal Duty to Make Reasonable Adjustments: The Little Mix Saga
Authors: Bunbury Stephen
Published: February 2020

The recent dispute between a mother and organisers of a Little Mix concert is a controversial issue for the entertainment industry. Although the Supreme Court decision in Paulley v FirstGroup plc 2017 UKSC 4 has attempted to clarify this duty placed on service providers, the law still remains unclear whether this service involves access to an experience enjoyed by non-disabled individuals. It is argued that this is partly due to the legal uncertainty of the reasonable adjustment duty contained in the Equality Act 2010. This intervention will discuss the dispute in detail as it leaves service providers unclear as to what is, and is not, a reasonable adjustment for the purposes of discharging their legal duty to make reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act 2010. Any ruling in this case might clarify the nature of the duty and the extent to which an organiser is required to make reasonable adjustments for disabled individuals where the core service is an ‘experience’. How far this duty extends remains uncertain. The author will consider how the failure to make reasonable adjustments may in some cases exclude disabled service users from mainstream activities enjoyed by non-disabled individuals. Theoretical models used to explain disability will also be explored to assist in understanding the duty owed by a service provider.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time RT-PCR E gene 2020 v1
Authors: A Northill Judy , M Mackay Ian
Published: February 2020

A real-time RT-PCR designed to amplify a portion of the envelope gene of sequences from the Betacoronavirus sub-genus Sarbecovirus. The probe and primers were published by Corman et al., and we have slightly modified the protocol, increasing the concentration of the reverse primer, using a different kit and different cycling conditions. This test has identified clinical positive cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Membership Required: Juventude Brasileira and Fascist Education in Brazil’s Estado Novo Dictatorship
Authors: Daniels Anne M.
Published: February 2020

Brazil’s Estado Novo dictatorship (1938-1945) saw the establishment of a new national youth organization called Juventude Brasileira (Brazilian Youth). Founded by Hitler Youth-inspired bureaucrats, the organization’s operations show how profoundly fascism pervaded the inner-workings of this regime, and more generally, how much educational policy reflects the most foundational priorities of an authoritarian government. However, the persistent dissent against Juventude Brasileira, from within the Ministry of Education and ultimately by a dissatisfied public clamoring for democracy, also illustrates paths of resistance against authoritarianism.
Correction of bone remodeling in experimental osteoporosis
Authors: Bairamov Alekber A. , Maevsky Eugenii I. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: February 2020

The experimental work analyzes the evaluation of the pharmacological efficacy of 3 experimental samples of the anti-osteoporosic preparation, created on the basis of salts of succinic acid in comparison with the comparison drug. On the experimental model of osteoporosis, according to the application of atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry of the femur, the high efficiency of the new drug in the correction of induced pathology has been proved. The data obtained indicate that when acid salts of the natural conformer of succinic acid are used, it is possible to achieve sufficient saturation of bone tissue with calcium without overloading the body with excess calcium.
Análisis de los factores que inciden en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en el Departamento del Quindío y su zona cordillerana
Authors: García Cruz Melina , Rivera Correa David Alejandro , Molina Pérez Jorge Antonio
Published: February 2020

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN), entendida como el estadio en que se garantiza la disponibilidad suficiente y estable de alimentos, acompañada por condiciones de inocuidad y acceso constante para el consumo, es un componente fundamental para el desarrollo de los diferentes grupos humanos; no obstante, la manutención de la misma tiene una relación directa a la sostenibilidad y capacidad del sector agrícola para mantener una oferta que pueda garantizar cantidades suficientes para la población.
 
Una mirada al contexto local quindiano permite identificar que el abandono del sector agrícola se perfila como un factor de riesgo para la preservación de la seguridad alimentaria, caso del cual da cuenta la siguiente investigación al revisar los casos de los municipios cordilleranos de Córdoba, Pijao, Génova y Buenavista, los cuales presentan un decaimiento de sus condiciones de seguridad alimentaria; situación que se ve generalizada a un departamento en donde la dependencia de mercados foráneos es cada vez mayor, mientras los desincentivos se vuelven mayores para un campesinado con bajas garantías y alta dependencia de monocultivos cuya proliferación condiciona el uso del suelo, disminuye la oferta y variedad de alimentos, deteriorando de esta manera la SAN y en consecuencia la calidad de vida.
Análisis del Mercado Colombo-Mexicano del Clúster de Cosméticos de Bogotá
Authors: Benitez Norfalia A. , Ciro Santiago
Published: February 2020

El sector de cosméticos en Colombia ha venido en crecimiento los últimos años (2009-2018) y ha tomado un gran reconocimiento en el mercado internacional, el clúster de cosméticos de Bogotá ha sido creado para apoyar a las empresas del sector, incentivarlas y crear una agremiación que comparta una misma visión del futuro y se apoye entre sí. El presente trabajo muestra la dinámica del mercado colombo-mexicano para la pequeña y mediana empresa (Pymes) del clúster de cosméticos en Bogotá, se plasman las ventajas y desventajas, así como el comportamiento de las Pymes y las características del mercado del clúster de cosméticos de Bogotá.
Prospectiva de las políticas gubernamentales del modelo de financiación en el crecimiento de las Pymes en Colombia
Authors: Medina Moreno Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

Colombia es un país de pequeñas y medianas empresas, lo que implica de por sí, que son actores importantes de la economía en el país. El presente artículo es una investigación cualitativa que quiere examinar de manera integral la evolución del modelo de financiamiento de la pequeña y mediana empresa (Pymes) implementado por el gobierno de Colombia durante los últimos años y si existe un impacto en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las mismas. De igual manera, establecer qué mecanismos legales han permitido fortalecer este importante sector de la economía en el país o si por el contrario, van en detrimento de su desarrollo. En el primer segmento del artículo se analiza cómo se consolida la política de promoción a las Pymes, el marco legal en el que se encuentran y su evolución durante los últimos años en el país. En la segunda parte, se hace una descripción de las distintas herramientas creadas por el estado para fortalecer el ecosistema empresarial en Colombia. Por último, se elabora un análisis de las oportunidades de los empresarios para acceder a los distintos beneficios ofertados por el gobierno y se concluye con recomendaciones para la mejora de la calidad de las estrategias de apoyo, enfatizando la importancia del encadenamiento de las acciones descritas con el acceso al crédito y la comercialización. De esta manera, poder entender los distintos escenarios a los que pueden acceder pequeños y medianos empresarios para financiar el crecimiento y desarrollo de sus empresas a través del estado colombiano.
Las pymes con sello verde en la globalización
Authors: Castañeda Zapata Daniela , García Londoño Martha Lucía
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad dar a conocer la importancia que están adquiriendo los sellos verdes en el mercado global, siendo este una estrategia de los productores para que el consumidor a través de productos ecológicos que son elaborados a partir de buenas prácticas ambientales logre disminuir el impacto negativo que le genera al medio ambiente.
 
Además, conocer de qué manera surgen los sellos verdes, la evolución que han tenido, el mercado futurista al que puede llegar, y se centrará en el estado de la dinámica del mercado latinoamericano y su posicionamiento del sello verde; así mismo, permite analizar las ventajas que tiene el sello verde en la modalidad de exportación de un producto o servicio hacia países desarrollados que están en búsqueda de reducir su huella de carbono. No obstante, el estudio se realizó bajo una metodología cualitativa, en el que se establecieron las variables que influyen en el marketing verde, utilizando como tipo de estudio descriptivo y el análisis exploratorio acerca del mercado futurista de los sellos verdes para luego presentar las posturas de los autores en relación al posicionamiento del sello verde en Latinoamérica y su influencia como ventaja competitiva.
Discriminación de ingresos por género en un estado del norte de México: el caso Chihuahua
Authors: Fernández Domínguez Amilcar Oliar , Torres García Aldo Josafat , Ochoa Adame Gloria Lizeth
Published: February 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es estimar las diferencias en el ingreso para hombres y mujeres en un estado de la frontera norte de México, el cual presenta especial relevancia económica a nivel nacional. El análisis consiste en la cuantificación de la proporción de las diferencias de ingreso por razón de género, debidas a factores no explicados y, por tanto, atribuibles a discriminación. Con datos del Censo de Población y Vivienda del año 2010, y a través de distintas especificaciones econométricas, se utiliza la metodología de Oaxaca-Blinder para determinar que, de la brecha de ingresos entre hombres y mujeres en el estado de Chihuahua, entre el 55 y 88 por ciento no es atribuible a las diferencias en capital humano, edad, estado civil, raza, religión, puesto de trabajo u horas trabajadas, siendo, por tanto, esta brecha atribuible a discriminación por género.
Editorial
Authors: Figueredo Gerardo
Published: February 2020

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Principios constitucionales, generales y procesales en tiempos de víctimas y Justicia Transicional
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Daniela , Llano Franco Jairo Vladimir
Published: February 2020

Desde los años 90 del siglo pasado las negociaciones entre los grupos insurgentes y el gobierno central en el contexto colombiano  han sido una constante, llevando a cabo de forma paulatina una manera  de aplicar el derecho que se escapa a los postulados formalistas y positivistas que han predominado por varias décadas la práctica jurídica, esta nueva forma si se puede decir, de aplicar el derecho se ha dado por la influencia tanto del derecho constitucional contemporáneo como por las transformaciones del derecho internacional, particularmente lo relacionado con los Derechos Humanos, configurando otra concepción de justicia donde lo importante no es el castigo, sino la reparación en distintos aspectos y la convivencia de los ciudadanos, como es el caso de la justicia transicional, por eso los principios adquieren un protagonismo inusitado por su amplitud y la posibilidad de resolver múltiples problemas jurídicos como los provenientes de los conflictos armados internos como el colombiano y la posibilidad que una práctica de confrontación de paso acciones de convivencia e inclusión de los ciudadanos. Este artículo se desarrolló mediante la hermenéutica jurídica analizando jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, Leyes, tratados internacionales y conceptos de expertos en justicia transicional. Así pues se evidencio que en el caso de Colombia en el proceso de reparación integral prevalece la reconstrucción de la memora y la verdad así como la no repetición, sobre los demás componentes de dicha reparación que garanticen el cumplimiento de los acuerdos de paz desde la óptica de los principios procesales establecidos por el DIDH.
La oralidad y el legado de una justicia ancestral
Authors: Cucarella Galiana Luis Andrés , Camargo Solano Álvaro , Martínez Londoño Claudia
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo de carácter socio- jurídico, trata la importancia de la oralidad como medio comunicacional ancestral y su coincidencia posterior con el desarrollo de la lengua escrita. El objetivo central del documento es el rememorar la vigencia de la oralidad en los procesos para la impartición de justicia en el entorno contemporáneo. Se acude a soportar la revisión del tema en casos como la vigencia de la Ley de Origen en algunos grupos indígenas de Colombia y la permanencia del Tribunal de las Aguas en Valencia, España, como ejemplos de impartición de justicia oral en la actualidad. La importancia del tema radica en el relieve de la validez de la oralidad frente a la prevalencia de la escritura como archivo mnemónico. A partir del objetivo planteado, la delimitación metodológica corresponde a una investigación  cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo con un enfoque socio-jurídico,  del escrito se circunscribe a diversas fuentes de raíz antropológica, histórica y lingüística, para recuerdo de la importancia de la oralidad en paralelo con la aparición y permanencia del lenguaje impreso. Todo ello valida la vigencia de los mecanismos orales de justicia ya avanzado en el tercer milenio.
Improved bounds for the Erdős-Rogers function
Authors: Gowers Timothy , Janzer Oliver
Published: February 2020

[Ramsey's Theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%27s_theorem) is one of the most prominent results in graph theory. In its simplest form, it asserts that every sufficiently large two-edge-colored complete graph contains a large monochromatic complete subgraph. This theorem has been generalized to a plethora of statements asserting that every sufficiently large structure of a given kind contains a large "tame" substructure.

The article concerns a closely related problem: for a structure with a given property, find a substructure possessing an even stronger property. For example, what is the largest $K_3$-free induced subgraph of an $n$-vertex $K_4$-free graph? The answer to this question is approximately $n^{1/2}$. The lower bound is easy. If a given graph has a vertex of degree at least $n^{1/2}$, then its neighbors induce a $K_3$-free subgraph with at least $n^{1/2}$ vertices. Otherwise, a greedy procedure yields an independent set of size almost $n^{1/2}$. The argument generalizes to $K_s$-free induced subgraphs of $K_{s+1}$-free graphs. Dudek, Retter and Rödl provided a construction showing that the exponent $1/2$ cannot be improved and asked whether the same is the case for $K_s$-free induced subgraphs of $K_{s+2}$-free graphs. The authors answer this question by providing a construction of $K_{s+2}$-free $n$-vertex graphs with no $K_s$-free induced subgraph with $n^{\alpha_s}$ vertices with $\alpha_s<1/2$ for every $s\ge 3$. Their arguments extend to the case of $K_t$-free graphs with no large $K_s$-free induced subgraph for $s+2\le t\le 2s-1$ and $s\ge 3$.
Charateristics of Gynecological Abnormalities and Types of Urine Diversion at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in Three-Year Period
Authors: Soetojo Soetojo , Nurdin Ambo Tuwo
Published: February 2020

In the case of advanced stage gynecological disorders, most patients have a disturbance in the upper urinary tract. Most patients with uterine cervical carcinoma are already in stage 3B and require urine diversion. The purpose of this study is to find and determine the profile of gynecological disorders that require urine diversion, the type of urine diversion, and urine diverted output in patients with cervical carcinoma. This descriptive analytical retrospective study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, between 2012 and 2015. The samples of this study were all patients with gynecological disorders who underwent retrograde DJ stent procedures, underwent ureterocutaneostomy and nephrostomy at the Integrated Central Surgery Building, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, for three years between 2012 and 2015. Data was collected based on the medical record number of patients with gynecological disorders who underwent urine diversion procedures and were recorded in the book on the operation schedule. We find that the most common cause of gynecological abnormalities in kidney obstruction is cervical carcinoma. There are three types of urine diversions used, namely DJ stent, percutaneous nefropyelostomy, and ureterocutaneostomy, with DJ as the most commonly performed. Urine diversion can improve creatinine without being influenced by the type of diversity.
The Effect of Subconjunctival Bevacizumab on Angiogenesis in Rabbit Model
Authors: Nurwasis Nurwasis , Yuliawati Diana , Komaratih Evelyn , Heriyawati Heriyawati
Published: February 2020

The wound healing process is major cause of glaucoma surgery failure and enhances the incapability of controlling the IOP. This aim of study was to evaluate the angiogenesis effect of Bevacizumab injection on the amount and density of blood vessels in the rabbit model after trabeculectomy. It was a true experimental study using 16 eyes of 16 New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that divided into two groups. The control group was treated with 0.05 ml of Balanced Saline Solution (BSS). The experimental group was treated with subconjunctival injection of 1.25 mg Bevacizumab in 0.05 BSS. All rabbit was sacrificed, and the eye was enucleated. Thus, the bleb area was dissected after 14 days. Histopathological analysis was performed to evaluate the amount and density of blood vessels. The mean amount of blood vessels in the control group was 22.63 ± 11.02, and the experimental group was 14,75 ± 4.92 (p=0.043). The mean of blood vessel density in the control group was 19.10 ± 1.69 %, and the experimental group was 16.53 ± 2.90 % (p=0.029)%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Subconjunctival bevacizumab in the rabbit model reduces the amount and density of blood vessels compared with subconjunctival BSS injection.
QUALITY OF LIFE COMPARATION IN METASTATIC BONE DISEASE PATIENT BEFORE AND AFTER SURGERY IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Edward Mouli , Basuki Muhammad Hardian , Satria Rizky Agung
Published: February 2020

Background: Metastatic bone disease is bone pathologic process caused by spread of primary tumor. The incidence of metastatic bone disease varies between 20-75% corresponds to the primary site of the malignancy. Surgery in metastatic bone disease aim to cure or palliate the morbidity caused by the disease. Operative treatment could reduce pain, improve function, control metastatic focus of the malignancy, and provide mechanical stabilization. Based on those benefits, operative treatment is important to improve quality of life in patients with metastatic bone disease. Purpose:  Proved that there was a difference in the quality of life MBD patients before and after surgery.Methods: This research was a retrospective cohort on MBD patients which undergone surgery, and never given any other treatment in the course of the disease. The research was conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Patient sampling was done using consecutive sampling. Karnofsky score was taken from the medical record before the procedure and direct interview via phone or completing questionnaire. Data analysis was done descriptively and analytically. Statistical tests were done using Wilcoxon test.Results: 146 patients enrolled in the research. The mean age of the sample was 48.77 ± 13.34 years. The mean of Karnofsky score before and after the procedure was 53.69±13.07 and 75.54±13.69 with statistical result of p<0.001.Conclusion: The Karnofsky score in MBD patients was higher after the surgery compared to before the surgery.
Application of Shannon Entropy in the Construction of a Paraconsistent Model of the Atom
Authors: da Silva Filho João Inácio
Published: February 2020

In this work, we present a model of the atom that is based on a nonclassical logic called paraconsistent logic (PL), which has the main property of accepting the contradiction in logical interpretations without the conclusions being annulled. The proposed model is constructed with an extension of PL called paraconsistent annotated logic with annotation of two values (PAL2v), which is associated with an interlaced bilattice of four vertices. We use the logarithmic function of the Shannon entropy H(s) to construct the paraconsistent equations and thus adapt a probabilistic model for representations in quantum physics. Through analyses of the interlaced bilattice, comparative values are obtained for some of the phenomena and effects of quantum mechanics, such as superposition of states, quantum entanglement, wave functions, and equations that determine the energy levels of the layers of an atom. At the end of this article, we use the hydrogen atom as a basis of the representation of the PAL2v model, where the values of the energy levels in six orbital layers are obtained. As an example, we present a possible method of applying the PAL2v model to the use of Raman spectroscopy signals in the detection of lubricating mineral oil quality.
Performance Analysis of Combine Harvester Using Hybrid Model of Artificial Neural Networks Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Nadai Laszlo , Felde Imre , Ardabili Sina , Mesri Gundoshmian Tarahom , Pinter Gergo , Mosavi Amir
Published: February 2020

Novel applications of artificial intelligence for tuning the parameters of industrial machines for optimal performance are emerging at a fast pace. Tuning the combine harvesters and improving the machine performance can dramatically minimize the wastes during harvesting, and it is also beneficial to machine maintenance. Literature includes several soft computing, machine learning and optimization methods that had been used to model the function of harvesters of various crops. Due to the complexity of the problem, machine learning methods had been recently proposed to predict the optimal performance with promising results. In this paper, through proposing a novel hybrid machine learning model based on artificial neural networks integrated with particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO), the performance analysis of a common combine harvester is presented. The hybridization of machine learning methods with soft computing techniques has recently shown promising results to improve the performance of the combine harvesters. This research aims at improving the results further by providing more stable models with higher accuracy.