bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower Limb Paralysis Associated with Chikungunya in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Survey Report
Authors: Matungala-Pafubel Mathy , Bulabula-Penge Junior , Matondo-Kuamfumu Meris , Esala Samy , Edidi-Atani François , Pukuta-Simbu Elisabeth , Tshiminyi-Munkamba Paul , Tutu Tshia N’kasar Yannick , Katanga Trésor , Ndomba-Mukanya Etienne , Mbonga-Mande Delphine , Baketana-Kinzonzi Lionel , Kinganda-Lusamaki Eddy , Mukadi-Bamuleka Daniel , Mambu-Mbika Fabrice , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide , Nkwembe-Ngabana Edith , Nkuba-Ndaye Antoine , Okitundu-Luwa Daniel , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve
Published: February 2024

Polio-associated paralysis is one of the diseases under national surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Although it has become relatively rare due to control measures, non-polio paralysis cases are still reported and constitute a real problem, especially for etiological diagnosis, which is necessary for better management and response. From September 2022 to April 2023, we investigated acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Kinshasa following an alert from the Provincial Division of Health. All suspected cases and their close contacts were investigated and sampled. Among the 57 sampled patients, 21 (36.8%) were suspects, and 36 (63.2%) were contacts. We performed several etiological tests available in the laboratory, targeting viruses, including Poliovirus, Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Enterovirus, and arboviruses. No virus material was detected, but the serological test (ELISA) detected antibodies against Chikungunya Virus, i.e., 47.4% (27/57) for IgM and 22.8% (13/57) for IgG. Among suspected cases, we detected 33.3% (7/21) with anti-Chikungunya IgM and 14.3% (3/21) of anti-Chikungunya IgG. These results highlight the importance of enhancing the epidemiological surveillance of Chikungunya.
The Efficacy of Hybrid Vaginal Ovules for Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Miconazole against Candida albicans
Authors: Bezerra Brenda Maria Silva , y Araújo Sara Efigênia Dantas de Mendonça , Alves-Júnior José de Oliveira , Damasceno Bolívar Ponciano Goulart de Lima , Oshiro-Junior João Augusto
Published: February 2024

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound that can be combined with miconazole (MCZ) to improve vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans treatment’s efficacy. This study aimed to develop ureasil–polyether (U-PEO) vaginal ovules loaded with CUR and MCZ for the treatment of VVC. Physicochemical characterization was performed by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro release. Antifungal assays were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and synergism between CUR and MCZ, and the activity of U-PEO ovules were performed by microdilution and agar diffusion. TGA results showed high thermal stability of the hybrid ovules. In DTA, the amorphous character of U-PEO and a possible interaction between CUR and MCZ were observed. FTIR showed no chemical incompatibility between the drugs. In vitro release resulted in 80% of CUR and 95% of MCZ released within 144 h. The MICs of CUR and MCZ were 256 and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. After combining the drugs, the MIC of MCZ decreased four-fold to 0.625 µg/mL, while that of CUR decreased eight-fold to 32 µg/mL. Synergism was confirmed by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) equal to 0.375. U-PEO alone showed no antifungal activity. U-PEO/MCZ and U-PEO/CUR/MCZ ovules showed the greatest zones of inhibition (≥18 mm). The results highlight the potential of the ovules to be administered at a lower frequency and at reduced doses compared to available formulations.
An Analytical Target Profile for the Development of an In Vitro Release Test Method and Apparatus Selection in the Case of Semisolid Topical Formulations
Authors: Szoleczky Réka , Kovács Anita , Berkó Szilvia , Budai-Szűcs Mária
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on how to define an Analytical Target Profile (ATP) which is intended for use in practice and on facilitating the selection of in vitro release test (IVRT) technology for diclofenac sodium topical hydrogel and cream. The implementation involves incorporating the new draft guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH Q14) and USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Chapter 1220. Four IVRT apparatuses were compared (USP Apparatus II with immersion cell, USP Apparatus IV with semisolid adapter, static vertical diffusion cell, and a new, in-house-developed flow-through diffusion cell) with the help of the ATP. Performance characteristics such as accuracy, precision, cumulative amount released at the end of the IVRT experiment, and robustness were investigated. We found that the best apparatus for developing IVRT quality control (QC) tests in both cases was USP II with an immersion cell. All four different IVRT apparatuses were compared with each other and with the data found in the literature.
Evaluation of the Stability of Newborn Hospital Parenteral Nutrition Solutions
Authors: Otero-Millán Luis , Bea-Mascato Brais , Legido Soto Jose Luis , Martínez-López-De-Castro Noemi , Lago-Rivero Natividad
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions are an extremely complex mixture. It is composed of a multitude of chemical elements that can give rise to a large number of interactions that condition its stability and safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of PN solutions for preterm infants. (2) Methods: eight samples were prepared according to the protocol for prescribing PN in preterm infants. Samples PN1–PN7 had the normal progression of macronutrients and standard amounts of micronutrients for a 1 kg preterm infant. The PN8 sample had a high concentration of electrolytes, with the idea of forcing stability limits. Samples were stored both at room temperature and under refrigeration. Measurements of globule size, pH, density, and viscosity were performed in both storage protocols on different days after processing. (3) Results: the changes in the composition of the samples did not affect the evolution of the stability at the different measurement times and temperatures. Viscosity was affected by the compositional changes made in the PN samples, but no alterations due to time or temperature were observed. Density and pH remained stable, without significant changes due to time, storage temperature, or different composition. (4) Conclusion: all samples remained stable during the study period and did not undergo significant alterations due to compositional changes or different experimental conditions.
Exogenous Melatonin Use in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Alqutub Sulafa T. , Alzahrani Faris A. , Hassan Abdulrahman S. , Alirbidi Abdullah H. , Alraddadi Osama A. , AlSadah Omar A. , Yamani Mohammad B. , Tobaiqy Mansour
Published: February 2024

To assess the prevalence of melatonin use and its perceived benefits among university students in different specialties in Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and June 2023. Data about demographics, time of melatonin use, perceived reasons for exogenous melatonin use, melatonin use in relation to exam periods, perceived safety, and adverse effects was gathered. Of 380 students, ~52% reported using exogenous melatonin for sleep disorders. Most participants reported using melatonin during and after exam periods. Additionally, several (n = 157; 75.4%) believed that its use was safe. The predominant use patterns were daily and as needed, and this study observed a higher rate of use compared with previous studies in Saudi Arabia. The most frequently reported adverse effect was headache (n = 36; 37.5%). A significant number of undergraduate male students in health specialties used melatonin. A high rate of melatonin use was noted during exam periods, which was attributed to sleep deprivation. Additionally, a significant number of students from private universities reported using exogenous melatonin. Melatonin use is common among university students. Future research should use a reliable psychometric measure to test its effect on university students’ sleep quality and quantity.
Introduction to the Special Issue of Plants on “Advances in Plant Reproductive Ecology and Conservation Biology”
Authors: Molano-Flores Brenda , Cohen James I.
Published: February 2024

Plant reproductive ecology explores aspects of the biology and ecology of plants ranging from breeding systems, plant–pollinator interactions, seed germination, floral traits, and much more [...]
Glycolipids Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant Aruncus aethusifolius Inducing Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells
Authors: Baek Jong Gwon , Park Do Hwi , Vu Ngoc Khanh , Muvva Charuvaka , Hwang Hoseong , Song Sungmin , Lee Hyeon-Seong , Kim Tack-Joong , Kwon Hak Cheol , Park Keunwan , Kang Ki Sung , Kwon Jaeyoung
Published: February 2024

Aruncus spp. has been used as a traditional folk medicine worldwide for its anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and detoxifying properties. The well-known species A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus has long been used for multifunctional purposes in Eastern Asia. Recently, it was reported that its extract has antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In this respect, it is likely that other Aruncus spp. possess various biological activities; however, little research has been conducted thus far. The present study aims to biologically identify active compounds against diabetes in the Korean endemic plant A. aethusifolius and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. A. aethusifolius extract enhanced glucose uptake without toxicity to C2C12 cells. A bioassay-guided isolation of A. aethusifolius yielded two pure compounds, and their structures were characterized as glycolipid derivatives, gingerglycolipid A, and (2S)-3-linolenoylglycerol-O-β-d-galactopyranoside by an interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometric data. Both compounds showed glucose uptake activity, and both compounds increased the phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Gingerglycolipid A docked computationally into the active site of IRS-1, AMPK1, AMPK2, and PPARγ (−5.8, −6.9, −6.8, and −6.8 kcal/mol).
Enzymes Involved in Antioxidant and Detoxification Processes Present Changes in the Expression Levels of Their Coding Genes under the Stress Caused by the Presence of Antimony in Tomato
Authors: Espinosa-Vellarino Francisco Luis , Garrido Inmaculada , Casimiro Ilda , Silva Ana Cláudia , Espinosa Francisco , Ortega Alfonso
Published: February 2024

Currently, there is an increasing presence of heavy metals and metalloids in soils and water due to anthropogenic activities. However, the biggest problem caused by this increase is the difficulty in recycling these elements and their high permanence in soils. There are plants with great capacity to assimilate these elements or make them less accessible to other organisms. We analyzed the behavior of Solanum lycopersicum L., a crop with great agronomic interest, under the stress caused by antimony (Sb). We evaluated the antioxidant response throughout different exposure times to the metalloid. Our results showed that the enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle show changes in their expression level under the stress caused by Sb but could not find a relationship between the NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (GSNOR) expression data and nitric oxide (NO) content in tomato roots exposed to Sb. We hypothesize that a better understanding of how these enzymes work could be key to develop more tolerant varieties to this kind of abiotic stress and could explain a greater or lesser phytoremediation capacity. Moreover, we deepened our knowledge about Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) due to their involvement in the elimination of the xenobiotic component.
Nutraceutical Content and Biological Properties of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Fractions of the Phytocomplex from Pistacia atlantica Desf. Buds, Roots, and Fruits
Authors: Belyagoubi-Benhammou Nabila , Belyagoubi Larbi , Benmahieddine Assia , El Zerey-Belaskri Asma , Di Marco Gabriele , D’Agostino Alessia , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present investigation was to obtain 12 aqueous extracts and 1 oil from Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica specimens. The samples differed for processed plant organs (i.e., roots, buds, and fruits), gender and geographical station of the collected trees. Total phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were determined, revealing that bud extracts exhibited the highest phenolic content (386.785 ± 16.227 mg GAE/g DM), followed by fruit and root preparations. Similar results were detected for flavonoids and tannins, whose quantitation ranged from 0.014 ± 0.005 to 74.780 ± 9.724 mg CE/g DM and from 0.037 ± 0.003 to 14.793 ± 0.821 mg CE/g DM, respectively. The biochemical profile of the extracts was further characterized by HPLC-DAD, in terms of specific phenolics. This analysis identified gallic acid as a typical metabolite for ripe fruit, while hydroxytyrosol for female roots and male buds. In parallel, P. atlantica fruit oil was profiled by GC-MS analysis, which detected 37 lipophilic components, including palmitic acid (the major component, ~55%), anacardol, tetradecanol, arachidic acid, squalene, and some terpenes. The samples revealed interesting antioxidant activity, with EC50 values ranging from 0.073 ± 0.001 to 193.594 ± 28.942 mg/mL and from 0.029 ± 0.001 to 103.086 ± 20.540 mg/mL, in that order, for DPPH and reducing power assays. Concerning the total antioxidant capacity, the results ranged from 0.053 ± 0.008 to 51.648 ± 1.659 mg AAE/g DM. Finally, the antimicrobial potential of the plant extracts was estimated against 7 bacterial species and 2 fungal strains, known to be human pathogens, demonstrating a good antibiotic effect for the bud extracts. All these findings strongly suggest that P. atlantica would represent a natural reservoir for novel additives to be used in therapeutic, food, and cosmetic products.
Genome-Wide Association Studies Prioritize Genes Controlling Seed Size and Reproductive Period Length in Soybean
Authors: Wang Le , Niu Fu’an , Wang Jinshe , Zhang Hengyou , Zhang Dan , Hu Zhenbin
Published: February 2024

Hundred-seed weight (HSW) and reproductive period length (RPL) are two major agronomic traits critical for soybean production and adaptation. However, both traits are quantitatively controlled by multiple genes that have yet to be comprehensively elucidated due to the lack of major genes; thereby, the genetic basis is largely unknown. In the present study, we conducted comprehensive genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) of HSW and RPL with multiple sets of accessions that were phenotyped across different environments. The large-scale analysis led to the identification of sixty-one and seventy-four significant QTLs for HSW and RPL, respectively. An ortholog-based search analysis prioritized the most promising candidate genes for the QTLs, including nine genes (TTG2, BZR1, BRI1, ANT, KLU, EOD1/BB, GPA1, ABA2, and ABI5) for HSW QTLs and nine genes (such as AGL8, AGL9, TOC1, and COL4) and six known soybean flowering time genes (E2, E3, E4, Tof11, Tof12, and FT2b) for RPL QTLs. We also demonstrated that some QTLs were targeted during domestication to drive the artificial selection of both traits towards human-favored traits. Local adaptation likely contributes to the increased genomic diversity of the QTLs underlying RPL. The results provide additional insight into the genetic basis of HSW and RPL and prioritize a valuable resource of candidate genes that merits further investigation to reveal the complex molecular mechanism and facilitate soybean improvement.
Study of the Chemical Activities of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen Traces as Critical Inhibitors of Polypropylene Synthesis
Authors: Hernández-Fernández Joaquín , Puello-Polo Esneyder , Marquez Edgar
Published: February 2024

This study outlines the investigation into how the compounds CO2, CO, and O2 interact with the active center of titanium (Ti) on the surface of MgCl2 and how these interactions impact the productivity of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, ultimately influencing the thermal stability of the produced polypropylene. The calculations revealed that the adsorption energies of Ti-CO2-CO and O2 were −9.6, −12.5, and −2.32 Kcal/mol, respectively. Using the density functional theory in quantum calculations, the impacts of electronic properties and molecular structure on the adsorption of CO, O2, and CO2 on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst were thoroughly explored. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of adsorption were examined. It was discovered that strong adsorption and a significant energy release (−16.2 kcal/mol) during CO adsorption could explain why this gas caused the most substantial reductions in the ZN catalyst productivity. These findings are supported by experimental tests showing that carbon monoxide has the most significant impact on the ZN catalyst productivity, followed by carbon dioxide, while oxygen exerts a less pronounced inhibitory effect.
Mechanical Properties and Ion Release from Fibre-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Ivica Anja , Šalinović Ivan , Jukić Krmek Silvana , Garoushi Sufyan , Lassila Lippo , Säilynoja Eija , Miletić Ivana
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and ion release from a commercially available resin-modified glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of short glass fibres at various percentages. Methods: Three experimental groups were prepared by adding a mass ratio of 10%, 15% and 20% of short glass fibres to the powder portion of the cement from a capsule (GC Fuji II LC), while the control group contained no fibres. Microhardness (n = 12), fracture toughness, and flexural, compressive and diametral tensile strength (n = 8) were evaluated. To study ion release, readings were obtained utilising fluoro-selective and calcium-selective electrodes after 24 h, 7 days and 30 days (n = 12). The spatial distribution of fibres within the material was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The findings suggest that elevating fibre weight ratios to 20 wt% results in improved mechanical properties (p < 0.05) in microhardness, flexural strength, diametral tensile strength and fracture toughness. In terms of ion release, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the groups at the conclusion of 24 h and 7 days, when the fluoride release was much higher in the control group. However, after 30 days, no significant distinction among the groups was identified (p > 0.05). Regarding calcium release, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups at any of the evaluated time points (p > 0.05). SEM showed the fibres were homogeneously incorporated into the cement in all experimental groups. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with short glass fibres at a weight loading of 20% showcased the most favourable mechanical properties while concurrently maintaining the ability to release fluoride and calcium after a 30-day period.
Computational Analysis of the Tripartite Interaction of Phasins (PhaP4 and 5)-Sigma Factor (σ24)-DNA of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
Authors: Aguilar-Carrillo Yovani , Soto-Urzúa Lucía , Martínez-Martínez María De Los Ángeles , Becerril-Ramírez Mirian , Martínez-Morales Luis Javier
Published: February 2024

Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 produces PHB, which is covered by granule-associated proteins (GAPs). Phasins are the main GAPs. Previous studies have shown phasins can regulate PHB synthesis. When A. brasilense grows under stress conditions, it uses sigma factors to transcribe genes for survival. One of these factors is the σ24 factor. This study determined the possible interaction between phasins and the σ24 factor or phasin-σ24 factor complex and DNA. Three-dimensional structures of phasins and σ24 factor structures were predicted using the I-TASSER and SWISS-Model servers, respectively. Subsequently, a molecular docking between phasins and the σ24 factor was performed using the ClusPro 2.0 server, followed by molecular docking between protein complexes and DNA using the HDOCK server. Evaluation of the types of ligand–receptor interactions was performed using the BIOVIA Discovery Visualizer for three-dimensional diagrams, as well as the LigPlot server to obtain bi-dimensional diagrams. The results showed the phasins (Pha4Abs7 or Pha5Abs7)-σ24 factor complex was bound near the −35 box of the promoter region of the phaC gene. However, in the individual interaction of PhaP5Abs7 and the σ24 factor, with DNA, both proteins were bound to the −35 box. This did not occur with PhaP4Abs7, which was bound to the −10 box. This change could affect the transcription level of the phaC gene and possibly affect PHB synthesis.
Synergistic Modification of Polyformaldehyde by Biobased Calcium Magnesium Bi-Ionic Melamine Phytate with Intumescent Flame Retardant
Authors: Lu Shike , Chen Xueting , Zhang Bin , Lu Zhehong , Jiang Wei , Fang Xiaomin , Li Jiantong , Liu Baoying , Ding Tao , Xu Yuanqing
Published: February 2024

Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) are mainly composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (ME), and some macromolecular char-forming agents. The traditional IFR still has some defects in practical application, such as poor compatibility with the matrix and low flame-retardant efficiency. In order to explore the best balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant polyformaldehyde (POM) composite, a biobased calcium magnesium bi-ionic melamine phytate (DPM) synergist was prepared based on renewable biomass polyphosphate phytic acid (PA), and its synergistic system with IFRs was applied to an intumescent flame-retardant POM system. POM/IFR systems can only pass the V-1 grade of the vertical combustion test (UL-94) if they have a limited oxygen index (LOI) of only 48.5%. When part of an IFR was replaced by DPM, the flame retardancy of the composite was significantly improved, and the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system reached the V-0 grade of UL-94, and the LOI reached 59.1%. Compared with pure POM, the PkHRR and THR of the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system decreased by 61.5% and 51.2%, respectively. Compared with the POM/IFR system, the PkHRR and THR of the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system were decreased by 20.8% and 27.5%, respectively, and carbon residue was increased by 37.2%. The mechanical properties of the composite also showed a continuous upward trend with the increase in DPM introduction. It is shown that the introduction of DPM not only greatly reduces the heat release rate and heat release amount of the intumescent flame-retardant POM system, reducing the fire hazard, but it also effectively improves the compatibility between the filler and the matrix and improves the mechanical properties of the composite. It provides a new approach for developing a new single-component multifunctional flame retardant or synergist for intumescent flame-retardant POM systems.
A Comparative Investigation of the Reliability of Biodegradable Components Produced through Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: ElHassan Amged , Ahmed Waleed , Zaneldin Essam
Published: February 2024

Using the linear elastic finite element method, we investigated how defects significantly influence the integrity of 3D-printed parts made from biodegradable material by experimental techniques and numerical simulations. A defective flaw was incorporated into the tensile test dog-bone sample using Computer-Aided Design and processed by slicing software. Three distinct raster angles examine two sets of samples, one featuring intact specimens and the other with the introduced defects. An open-source 3D printer was used to fabricate both sets of samples, utilizing biodegradable PLA material. In finite element analysis, we employed a highly detailed model that precisely accounted for the geometry and dimensions of the extruded 3D-printed filament, accurately replicating the actual configuration of the 3D-printed samples to an extent. Our study involved a thorough comparative analysis between the experimental results and the FEA simulations. Our findings uncovered a consistent trend for the intact and defective samples under tensile load. Specifically, in the intact case, the samples with a zero-degree raster orientation presented the highest resistance to failure and displayed minimal elongation. Remarkably, these conclusions paralleled our observations of the defective samples as well. Finite element analysis revealed that the stresses, including Principal, Max shear, and Von Mises, were remarkably higher at the 3D-printed samples’ outer surface than the inner layers, reflecting that the failure starts at the outer surface since they exceeded the theoretical values, indicating a significant discrepancy between the simulated and anticipated values.
Computational Optimization of Sandwich Silicone Rubber Composite for Improved Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Insulation
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrahman A.
Published: February 2024

The efficient dissipation of heat has emerged as a crucial concern for modern electronic devices, given the continuous increase in their power density and consumption. Thus, the utilization of thermally conductive but electrically insulating silicone rubber composites as a thermal interface material has garnered significant interest. In this study, the effects of the filler volume fraction, filler orientation, layer volume fractions, layer configuration, and a number of layers on the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of silicone rubber composites were examined using a multiscale finite element modeling strategy. The results demonstrated that modification of the filler orientation can change the thermal conductivity by 28 and 21 times in the in-plane and through-thickness directions, respectively. The in-plane thermal conductivities of silicone rubber/boron nitride and silicone rubber/expanded graphite layers exhibit a percolation phenomenon at filler volume fractions of 35% and 30%, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the composite increases exponentially with a decrease in the number of layers.
New Approach to the Analysis of Manufacturing Processes with the Support of Data Science
Authors: Krajčovič Martin , Bastiuchenko Vsevolod , Furmannová Beáta , Botka Milan , Komačka Dávid
Published: February 2024

This article introduces process mining as an innovative approach to enterprise data analysis, offering a systematic method for extracting, analyzing, and visualizing digital traces within information systems. The technique establishes connections within data, forming intricate process maps that serve as a foundation for the comprehensive analysis, interpretation, and enhancement of internal business processes. The article presents a methodical procedure designed to analyze processes using process mining. This methodology was validated through a case study conducted in the Fluxicon Disco software (version 3.6.7) application environment. The primary objective of this study was to propose and practically validate a methodical procedure applied to industrial practice data. Focusing on the evaluation and optimization of manufacturing processes, the study explored the integration of a software tool to enhance efficiency. The article highlights key trends in the field, providing valuable insights into process flows and identifying areas for improvement. The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge in process mining, emphasizing its applicability in fostering a more efficient and competitive manufacturing environment. In the model example, we successfully achieved a reduction in the time required for production cycles by 15% and improved resource utilization by 20%. This resulted in an increased process efficiency and a potential reduction in the required number of workers by up to 10%. These outcomes offer promising evidence of the advantages of our method and its application in an industrial setting.
Feasibility Study of Material Deformation and Similarity of Spatial Characteristics of Standard Coal Rocks
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Dongwei , Zan Yonglong , Wang Shengxuan , Zhang Qiqi
Published: February 2024

The comparison between similar materials and original coal rock is the basis for similar simulation experiments in coal mines. The differences in mechanical properties, acoustic characteristics, and damage laws between similar materials and the original coal rock are of great significance for similar simulation research, to reveal objective laws. First, materials similar to coal rock with similar theoretical ratios were taken as the object of research, and the sand–cement ratio, the carbon paste ratio, and the water content were determined by multivariate linear regression to accurately match the ratios. Second, by using acoustic emission and digital scattering technology to explore the acoustic law, deformation characteristics, and spatial feature similarities of the materials similar to coal rock, the acoustic emission evolution law of the original rock was found to be the same as that of the similar materials. Digital scattering was able to describe the localization of strain in the similar materials, and the correlation between the overall deformation and the local deformation was explored. This indicates that materials similar to coal rock can effectively simulate the deformation of actual coal rocks. Lastly, these materials were found to allow effectively simulating the deformation characteristics and spatial properties of actual coal rock, which provides an important experimental means and method for similar research in the field of coal rock engineering.
Portuguese Validation of a Reduced Version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) Scale—Youth Version
Authors: Patrão Ivone , Borges Inês , Sobral Patrícia , Moreira Ana
Published: February 2024

This study adapted and assessed a shortened version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) scale completed by young people aged 12 years and older regarding their online behaviors and risk of online addiction. The psychometric qualities of the reduced version (Screening IAT—youth) are presented in order to validate the use of this version in the early detection of online addiction. The total sample was composed of 3021 participants that were 55.9% female and 44.1% male, with a mean age of x = 15 years (σ = 3.028), attending junior high school (56.2%), high school (37.8%), and college (5.9%). The procedure included a factorial analysis in which the total sample was randomly divided into three samples. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with one part of the sample, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the other parts, assessing internal consistency, construct reliability, and discriminant validity. The results indicate that this reduced version of the IAT for young people has good psychometric qualities and that it can be applied in research and clinical settings. With this version and the parent–teacher version, there is a direct contribution to a tripartite assessment of internet addiction risk.
The Reception and Transformation of Ippen (1234–1289)’s Religious Tenets and Practices by Enju Kato (1919–2021) and Shōjōkō-ji
Authors: An Saiping
Published: February 2024

This article explores the reception and transformation of Ippen 一遍 (1234–1289)’s religious tenets and practices by Enju Kato 加藤円住 (1919–2021) and his temple, Shōjōkō-ji 清浄光寺. While Enju Kato asserts that his life has been dedicated to adhering and enacting Ippen’s concept of “renunciation”, he has reinterpreted this concept based on his personal experiences and comprehension. Second, Enju Kato and Shōjōkō-ji have inherited some of Ippen’s religious practices yet adapted these to align with contemporary settings. This article presents a case study discussing the acceptance and transformation of doctrines and practices of Jishū 時宗 in the contemporary era, which has been overlooked by academia thus far.
Systematic Literature Review on Hybrid Robotic Vehicles
Authors: Gomes Diogo F. , Pinto Vítor H.
Published: February 2024

Autonomous vehicles are a continuously rising technology in several industry sectors. Examples of these technologies lie in the advances in self-driving cars and can be linked to extraterrestrial exploration, such as NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers. These systems present a leading methodology allowing for increased task performance and capabilities, which are no longer limited to active human support. However, these robotic systems may vary in shape, size, locomotion capabilities, and applications. As such, this report presents a systematic literature review (SLR) regarding hybrid autonomous robotic vehicles focusing on leg–wheel locomotion. During this systematic review of the literature, a considerable number of articles were extracted from four different databases. After the selection process, a filtered sample was reviewed. A brief description of each document can be found throughout this report.
Remote Sensing for Maritime Monitoring and Vessel Identification
Authors: Salerno Emanuele , Di Paola Claudio , Lo Duca Angelica
Published: February 2024

According to the statistics published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [1], the total fleet worldwide consisted of more than 2 [...]
Temporal and Spatial Assessment of Carbon Flux Dynamics: Evaluating Emissions and Sequestration in the Three Northern Protection Forest Project Areas Supported by Google Earth Engine
Authors: Shao Yakui , Zhu Qin , Feng Zhongke , Sun Linhao , Yang Xuanhan , Li Xusheng , Wang Aiai , Yang Fei , Ji Honglin
Published: February 2024

Contemporary research on terrestrial carbon exchange processes is paramount for a nuanced comprehension of global and local climatic fluctuations and their interaction with anthropogenic activities. This study delves into the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation carbon exchanges within the Three Northern Protection Forest Project Area, leveraging two decades of MODIS NPP data and an innovative NEP estimation model. Our analysis highlights a generally increasing trend in Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) from 2000 to 2020, with significant growth in approximately 32.97% of the study area and slight increases in 24.18%. Notably, lower NEP values were found in desert and arid zones, whereas higher values were observed in more vegetated regions like Ningxia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and the northeast. The study also assesses the impact of climate variables and land-use changes on NEP, identifying both negative and positive correlations in specific regions. Despite the overall positive trend towards ecological restoration and enhancement, significant uncertainties remain, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to support ecosystem resilience and sustainable management practices.
Intra-Annual Cumulative Effects and Mechanisms of Climatic Factors on Global Vegetation Biomes’ Growth
Authors: Du Guoming , Yan Shouhong , Chen Hang , Yang Jian , Wen Youyue
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have shown that climate change has significant cumulative effects on vegetation growth. However, there remains a gap in understanding the characteristics of cumulative climatic effects on different vegetation types and the underlying driving mechanisms. In this study, using the normalized difference vegetation index data from 1982 to 2015, along with accumulated temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation data, we quantitatively investigated the intra-annual cumulative effects of climatic factors on global vegetation biomes across climatic zones. We also explored the underlying driving mechanisms. The results indicate that precipitation has a longer intra-annual cumulative effect on vegetation, with effects lasting up to 12 months for large percentages of most vegetation biomes. The cumulative effect of solar radiation is mostly concentrated within 0–6 months. Temperature has a shorter cumulative effect, with no significant cumulative effect of temperature on large percentages of tree-type vegetation. Compared to other vegetation types, evergreen broadleaf forests, close shrublands, open shrublands, savannas, and woody savannas exhibit more complex cumulative climatic effects. Each vegetation type shows a weak-to-moderate correlation with accumulated precipitation while exhibiting strong-to-extremely-strong positive correlations with accumulated temperature and accumulated solar radiation. The climate-induced regulations of water, heat, and nutrient, as well as the intrinsic mechanisms of vegetation’s tolerance, resistance, and adaptation to climate change, account for the significant heterogeneity of cumulative climatic effects across vegetation biomes in different climatic zones. This study contributes to enriching the theoretical understanding of the relationship between vegetation growth and climate change. It also offers crucial theoretical support for developing climate change adaptation strategies and improving future “vegetation-climate” models.
Synergistic Radiation Effects in PPD CMOS Image Sensors Induced by Neutron Displacement Damage and Gamma Ionization Damage
Authors: Wang Zu-Jun , Xue Yuan-Yuan , Tang Ning , Huang Gang , Nie Xu , Lai Shan-Kun , He Bao-Ping , Ma Wu-Ying , Sheng Jiang-Kun , Gou Shi-Long
Published: February 2024

The synergistic effects on the 0.18 µm PPD CISs induced by neutron displacement damage and gamma ionization damage are investigated. The typical characterizations of the CISs induced by the neutron displacement damage and gamma ionization damage are presented separately. The CISs are irradiated by reactor neutron beams up to 1 × 1011 n/cm2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence) and 60Co γ-rays up to the total ionizing dose level of 200 krad(Si) with different sequential order. The experimental results show that the mean dark signal increase in the CISs induced by reactor neutron radiation has not been influenced by previous 60Co γ-ray radiation. However, the mean dark signal increase in the CISs induced by 60Co γ-ray radiation has been remarkably influenced by previous reactor neutron radiation. The synergistic effects on the PPD CISs are discussed by combining the experimental results and the TCAD simulation results of radiation damage.
Biomechanical Effects of Using a Passive Exoskeleton for the Upper Limb in Industrial Manufacturing Activities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Coccia Armando , Capodaglio Edda Maria , Amitrano Federica , Gabba Vittorio , Panigazzi Monica , Pagano Gaetano , D’Addio Giovanni
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the biomechanical impact of a passive Arm-Support Exoskeleton (ASE) on workers in wool textile processing. Eight workers, equipped with surface electrodes for electromyography (EMG) recording, performed three industrial tasks, with and without the exoskeleton. All tasks were performed in an upright stance involving repetitive upper limbs actions and overhead work, each presenting different physical demands in terms of cycle duration, load handling and percentage of cycle time with shoulder flexion over 80°. The use of ASE consistently lowered muscle activity in the anterior and medial deltoid compared to the free condition (reduction in signal Root Mean Square (RMS) −21.6% and −13.6%, respectively), while no difference was found for the Erector Spinae Longissimus (ESL) muscle. All workers reported complete satisfaction with the ASE effectiveness as rated on Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST), and 62% of the subjects rated the usability score as very high (>80 System Usability Scale (SUS)). The reduction in shoulder flexor muscle activity during the performance of industrial tasks is not correlated to the level of ergonomic risk involved. This preliminary study affirms the potential adoption of ASE as support for repetitive activities in wool textile processing, emphasizing its efficacy in reducing shoulder muscle activity. Positive worker acceptance and intention to use ASE supports its broader adoption as a preventive tool in the occupational sector.
MQTree: Secure OTA Protocol Using MQTT and MerkleTree
Authors: Shin Yunje , Jeon Sanghoon
Published: February 2024

The escalating advancement in Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) necessitates a formidable strategy for firmware updates, where traditional methods often fall short of guaranteeing absolute integrity. Although decentralization has been explored in studies for firmware integrity verification using blockchain technology, it lacks comprehensive validation in the context of automotive over-the-air (OTA) updates. By recognizing the limitations of current practices and the partial validation of decentralized approaches, such as blockchain, in the automotive sector, our study introduces a novel mechanism for firmware over-the-air (FOTA) updates. This mechanism is grounded in the widely adopted message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol, integral to the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, and leverages Merkle tree-based blockchain verification to fortify the fidelity and efficiency of firmware updates. Our proposed solution not only prioritizes the stability crucial to automotive OTA updates but also ensures that performance is not compromised. This dual focus on reliability and efficiency represents a significant stride forward in the development of secure, scalable SDV firmware update protocols.
Time-Series Modeling and Forecasting of Cerebral Pressure–Flow Physiology: A Scoping Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature
Authors: Vakitbilir Nuray , Froese Logan , Gomez Alwyn , Sainbhi Amanjyot Singh , Stein Kevin Y. , Islam Abrar , Bergmann Tobias J. G. , Marquez Izabella , Amenta Fiorella , Ibrahim Younis , Zeiler Frederick A.
Published: February 2024

The modeling and forecasting of cerebral pressure–flow dynamics in the time–frequency domain have promising implications for veterinary and human life sciences research, enhancing clinical care by predicting cerebral blood flow (CBF)/perfusion, nutrient delivery, and intracranial pressure (ICP)/compliance behavior in advance. Despite its potential, the literature lacks coherence regarding the optimal model type, structure, data streams, and performance. This systematic scoping review comprehensively examines the current landscape of cerebral physiological time-series modeling and forecasting. It focuses on temporally resolved cerebral pressure–flow and oxygen delivery data streams obtained from invasive/non-invasive cerebral sensors. A thorough search of databases identified 88 studies for evaluation, covering diverse cerebral physiologic signals from healthy volunteers, patients with various conditions, and animal subjects. Methodologies range from traditional statistical time-series analysis to innovative machine learning algorithms. A total of 30 studies in healthy cohorts and 23 studies in patient cohorts with traumatic brain injury (TBI) concentrated on modeling CBFv and predicting ICP, respectively. Animal studies exclusively analyzed CBF/CBFv. Of the 88 studies, 65 predominantly used traditional statistical time-series analysis, with transfer function analysis (TFA), wavelet analysis, and autoregressive (AR) models being prominent. Among machine learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) was widely utilized, and decision trees showed promise, especially in ICP prediction. Nonlinear models and multi-input models were prevalent, emphasizing the significance of multivariate modeling and forecasting. This review clarifies knowledge gaps and sets the stage for future research to advance cerebral physiologic signal analysis, benefiting neurocritical care applications.
A Mathematical Programming Approach for IoT-Enabled, Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Design and Implementation
Authors: Taparci Ertugrul , Olcay Kardelen , Akmandor Melike Ozlem , Kabakulak Banu , Sarioglu Baykal , Gokdel Yigit Daghan
Published: February 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a pivotal role in transforming various industries, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are emerging as the key drivers of this innovation. This research explores the utilization of a heterogeneous network model to optimize the deployment of sensors in agricultural settings. The primary objective is to strategically position sensor nodes for efficient energy consumption, prolonged network lifetime, and dependable data transmission. The proposed strategy incorporates an offline model for placing sensor nodes within the target region, taking into account the coverage requirements and network connectivity. We propose a two-stage centralized control model that ensures cohesive decision making, grouping sensor nodes into protective boxes. This grouping facilitates shared resource utilization, including batteries and bandwidth, while minimizing box number for cost-effectiveness. Noteworthy contributions of this research encompass addressing connectivity and coverage challenges through an offline deployment model in the first stage, and resolving real-time adaptability concerns using an online energy optimization model in the second stage. Emphasis is placed on the energy efficiency, achieved through the sensor consolidation within boxes, minimizing data transmission hops, and considering energy expenditures in sensing, transmitting, and active/sleep modes. Our simulations on an agricultural farmland highlights its practicality, particularly focusing on the sensor placement for measuring soil temperature and humidity. Hardware tests validate the proposed model, incorporating parameters from the real-world implementation to enhance calculation accuracy. This study provides not only theoretical insights but also extends its relevance to smart farming practices, illustrating the potential of WSNs in revolutionizing sustainable agriculture.
Fully Integrated 24-GHz 1TX-2RX Transceiver for Compact FMCW Radar Applications
Authors: Ko Goo-Han , Moon Seung-Jin , Kim Seong-Hoon , Kim Jeong-Geun , Baek Donghyun
Published: February 2024

A fully integrated 24-GHz radar transceiver with one transmitter (TX) and two receivers (RXs) for compact frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar applications is here presented. The FMCW synthesizer was realized using a fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) and programmable chirp generator, which are completely integrated in the proposed transceiver. The measured output phase noise of the synthesizer is −80 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. The TX consists of a three-bit bridged t-type attenuator for gain control, a two-stage drive amplifier (DA) and a one-stage power amplifier (PA). The TX chain provides an output power of 13 dBm while achieving <0.5 dB output power variation within the range of 24 to 24.25 GHz. The RX with a direct conversion I-Q structure is composed of a two-stage low noise amplifier (LNA), I-Q generator, mixer, transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a two-stage biquad band pass filter (BPF), and a differential-to-single (DTS) amplifier. The TIA and the BPF employ a DC offset cancellation (DCOC) circuit to suppress the strong reflection signal and TX-RX leakage. The RX chain exhibits an overall gain of 100 dB. The proposed radar transceiver is fabricated using a 65 nm CMOS technology. The transceiver consumes 220 mW from a 1 V supply voltage and has 4.84 mm2 die size including all pads. The prototype FMCW radar is realized with the proposed transceiver and Yagi antenna to verify the radar functionality, such as the distance and angle of targets.