bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Stay-at-Home orders and other COVID-related policies on trauma hospitalization rates and disparities in the USA: a statewide time-series analysis
Authors: Strassle Paula D. , Kinlaw Alan C. , Ko Jamie S. , Quintero Stephanie M. , Bonilla Jackie , Ponder Madison , Nápoles Anna María , Schiro Sharon E.
Published: November 2022

Background

To combat the coronavirus pandemic, states implemented several public health policies to reduce infection and transmission. Increasing evidence suggests that these prevention strategies also have had a profound impact on non-COVID healthcare utilization. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of a statewide Stay-at-Home order and other COVID-related policies on trauma hospitalizations, stratified by race/ethnicity, age, and sex.

Methods

We used the North Carolina Trauma Registry, a statewide registry of trauma hospitalizations for 18 hospitals across North Carolina, including all North Carolina trauma centers, to calculate weekly rates of assault, self-inflicted, unintentional motor vehicle collision (MVC), and other unintentional injury hospitalizations between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Interrupted time-series design and segmented linear regression were used to estimate changes in hospitalization rates after several COVID-related executive orders, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Changes in hospitalization rates were assessed after 1) USA declaration of a public health emergency; 2) North Carolina statewide Stay-at-Home order; 3) Stay-at-Home order lifted with restrictions (Phase 2: Safer-at-Home); and 4) further lifting of restrictions (Phase 2.5: Safer-at-Home).

Results

There were 70,478 trauma hospitalizations in North Carolina, 2019–2020. In 2020, median age was 53 years old and 59% were male. Assault hospitalization rates (per 1,000,000 NC residents) increased after the Stay-at-Home order, but substantial increases were only observed among Black/African American residents (weekly trend change = 1.147, 95% CI = 0.634 to 1.662) and 18–44-year-old males (weekly trend change = 1.708, 95% CI = 0.870 to 2.545). After major restrictions were lifted, assault rates decreased but remained elevated compared to pre-COVID levels. Unintentional non-MVC injury hospitalizations decreased after the USA declared a public health emergency, especially among women ≥ 65 years old (weekly trend change = -4.010, 95% CI = -6.166 to -1.855), but returned to pre-pandemic levels within several months.

Conclusions

Statewide Stay-at-Home orders placed Black/African American residents at higher risk of assault hospitalizations, exacerbating pre-existing disparities. Males 18–44 years old were also at higher risk of assault hospitalization. Fear of COVID-19 may have led to decreases in unintentional non-MVC hospitalization rates, particularly among older females. Policy makers must anticipate policy-related harms that may disproportionately affect already disadvantaged communities and develop mitigation approaches.
Electroconductive PEDOT nanoparticle integrated scaffolds for spinal cord tissue repair
Authors: Serafin Aleksandra , Rubio Mario Culebras , Carsi Marta , Ortiz-Serna Pilar , Sanchis Maria J. , Garg Atul K. , Oliveira J. Miguel , Koffler Jacob , Collins Maurice N.
Published: November 2022

Background

Hostile environment around the lesion site following spinal cord injury (SCI) prevents the re-establishment of neuronal tracks, thus significantly limiting the regenerative capability. Electroconductive scaffolds are emerging as a promising option for SCI repair, though currently available conductive polymers such as polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) present poor biofunctionality and biocompatibility, thus limiting their effective use in SCI tissue engineering (TE) treatment strategies.

Methods

PEDOT NPs were synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization in miniemulsion. The conductive PEDOT NPs were incorporated with gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA) to create gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs scaffolds. Morphological analysis of both PEDOT NPs and scaffolds was conducted via SEM. Further characterisation included dielectric constant and permittivity variances mapped against morphological changes after crosslinking, Young’s modulus, FTIR, DLS, swelling studies, rheology, in-vitro, and in-vivo biocompatibility studies were also conducted.

Results

Incorporation of PEDOT NPs increased the conductivity of scaffolds to 8.3 × 10
–4
 ± 8.1 × 10
–5
S/cm. The compressive modulus of the scaffold was tailored to match the native spinal cord at 1.2 ± 0.2 MPa, along with controlled porosity. Rheological studies of the hydrogel showed excellent 3D shear-thinning printing capabilities and shape fidelity post-printing. In-vitro studies showed the scaffolds are cytocompatible and an in-vivo assessment in a rat SCI lesion model shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation not directly in contact with the lesion/implantation site, with diminished astrocyte reactivity. Decreased levels of macrophage and microglia reactivity at the implant site is also observed. This positively influences the re-establishment of signals and initiation of healing mechanisms. Observation of axon migration towards the scaffold can be attributed to immunomodulatory properties of HA in the scaffold caused by a controlled inflammatory response. HA limits astrocyte activation through its CD44 receptors and therefore limits scar formation. This allows for a superior axonal migration and growth towards the targeted implantation site through the provision of a stimulating microenvironment for regeneration.

Conclusions

Based on these results, the incorporation of PEDOT NPs into Gel:HA biomaterial scaffolds enhances not only the conductive capabilities of the material, but also the provision of a healing environment around lesions in SCI. Hence, gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs scaffolds are a promising TE option for stimulating regeneration for SCI.
Constrained 2D inversion of radio-magnetotelluric and controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric data using high-resolution reflection seismic data: An example in groundwater surveying from Heby, Sweden
Authors: Mohammadi Vizheh Mehdi , Bastani Mehrdad , Kalscheuer Thomas , Oskooi Behrooz , Schwarz Gerhard , Juhlin Christopher
Published: November 2022

We advance a previously established method for 2D inversion of electromagnetic data, in which the smoothness constraints are locally reweighted according to the seismic envelope fractional gradients (SEFGs). As the first step of our modifications, seismic envelope values are edited and normalized. This results in the rejection of noise-contaminated parts, clipping the envelope outliers and increasing the reflectivity power of weak seismic signals. Second, we introduce a weighting matrix in the normalization process to incorporate prior information in the constrained inversion regarding the relative contrasts of electrical resistivity in the given parts of the model. Third, due to normalizing the SEFG, there is no need to search for an optimum stabilization factor to modify local smoothing weights, and hence, we set it to a constant value. Finally, an Occam inversion with additional Levenberg-Marquardt damping is used to mitigate possible artifacts in the resistivity model generated by reflection seismic constraints. In applying the proposed scheme to a synthetic example, interfaces of various geologic units are restored as sharp boundaries. In addition, artifacts generated in the original approach are effectively mitigated thanks to the applied normalization process. For the first time, we apply the method to radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) and controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric (CSAMT) field data acquired along a profile across a known aquifer in Heby, Sweden. Our inversion models compare favorably to previously presented results from seismic and geoelectric data. By modifying the smoothness weights based on SEFG, the depth to the bedrock is recovered well, being constrained by the corresponding interfaces in the seismic image. The resistivity models from seismically constrained inversions of RMT and CSAMT data reveal steeply dipping and possibly fractured bedrock underneath the valley-shaped aquifer in the area. This interpretation is verified by borehole logs.
Overall Survival With Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone in Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma (CASTOR): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trial
Authors: Sonneveld Pieter , Chanan-Khan Asher , Weisel Katja , Nooka Ajay K. , Masszi Tamas , Beksac Meral , Spicka Ivan , Hungria Vania , Munder Markus , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Mark Tomer M. , Levin Mark-David , Ahmadi Tahamtan , Qin Xiang , Garvin Mayo Wendy , Gai Xue , Carey Jodi , Carson Robin , Spencer Andrew
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE

At the primary analysis of CASTOR (median follow-up, 7.4 months), daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (D-Vd) significantly prolonged progression-free survival versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We report updated efficacy and safety results at the final analysis for overall survival (OS).

METHODS

CASTOR was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study during which eligible patients with ≥ 1 line of prior therapy were randomly assigned to Vd (up to eight cycles) with or without daratumumab (until disease progression). After positive primary analysis and protocol amendment, patients receiving Vd were offered daratumumab monotherapy after disease progression.

RESULTS

At a median (range) follow-up of 72.6 months (0.0-79.8), significant OS benefit was observed with D-Vd (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92; P = .0075). Median OS was 49.6 months with D-Vd versus 38.5 months with Vd. Prespecified subgroup analyses demonstrated an OS advantage with D-Vd versus Vd for most subgroups, including patients age ≥ 65 years and patients with one or two prior lines of therapy, International Staging System stage III disease, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and prior bortezomib treatment. The most common (≥ 10%) grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events with D-Vd versus Vd were thrombocytopenia (46.1% v 32.9%), anemia (16.0% v 16.0%), neutropenia (13.6% v 4.6%), lymphopenia (10.3% v 2.5%), and pneumonia (10.7% v 10.1%).

CONCLUSION

D-Vd significantly prolonged OS in patients with RRMM, with the greatest OS benefit observed in patients with one prior line of therapy. To our knowledge, our results, together with the OS benefit observed with daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the phase III POLLUX study, demonstrate for the first time an OS benefit with daratumumab-containing regimens in RRMM (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02136134 [CASTOR]).
Beam focus modifications by cropping partially coherent X-ray beams
Authors: Sanchez del Rio Manuel , Celestre Rafael , Reyes-Herrera Juan , Brumund Philipp , Cammarata Marco
Published: November 2022

We simulate the focusing of a partially coherent X-ray beam emitted by an undulator in a fourth-generation storage ring by performing a coherent mode decomposition and wave optics propagation. The focus position is shifted, and its size is enlarged when an entrance slit crops the beam. This is the usual case when a slit is used to select the coherent fraction. The pairing of two focusing elements (mirrors, lenses or transfocators) to ensure a fixed focal position is also analyzed. Our results show that the image of a partially coherent source, such an undulator in a low-emittance storage ring, is a non-trivial function of the aperture used to control the coherence fraction.
Thyroid hormone-induced cell death in sea urchin metamorphic development
Authors: Wynen Hannah , Taylor Elias , Heyland Andreas
Published: November 2022

Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of development, metabolism and homeostasis in metazoans. Specifically, they have been shown to regulate the metamorphic transitions of vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Indirectly developing sea urchin larvae accelerate the formation of juvenile structures in response to thyroxine (T4) treatment, while reducing their larval arm length. The mechanisms underlying larval arm reduction are unknown and we hypothesized that programmed cell death (PCD) is linked to this process. To test this hypothesis, we measured larval arm retraction in response to different THs (T4, T3, rT3, Tetrac) and assessed cell death in larvae using three different methods (TUNEL, YO-PRO-1 and caspase-3 activity) in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We also compared the extent of PCD in response to TH treatment before and after the invagination of the larval ectoderm, which marks the initiation of juvenile development in larval sea urchin species. We found that T4 treatment results in the strongest reduction of larval arms but detected a significant increase of PCD in response to T4, T3 and Tetrac in post-ingression but not pre-ingression larvae. As post-ingression larvae have initiated metamorphic development and therefore allocate resources to both larval and the juvenile structures, these results provide evidence that THs regulate larval development differentially via PCD. PCD in combination with cell proliferation likely has a key function in sea urchin development.
Avaliação in silico da atividade ansiolítica de compostos do extrato de camomila (Matricaria recutita) nos receptores GABAa humanos
Authors: Magalhães Carla Brígida Teixeira , Mesquita Dara Da Silva , Moreiro Leal Luzia Kalyne Almeida , Honório Júnior José Eduardo Ribeiro
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar a possível atividade ansiolítica de compostos presentes no extrato padronizado de camomila por meio da interação com o receptor GABAa, como também analisar parâmetros farmacocinéticos das moléculas escolhidas por meio de ferramentas computacionais. Método: Simulação da interação proteína-ligante da apigenina, alfa-bisabolol e camazuleno, por meio de docagem molecular com o receptor GABAa, comparadas com diazepam. Por fim, os parâmetros farmacocinéticos dos três compostos foram calculados, usando a ferramenta on line SwissADME. Resultados: Alfa-bisabolol e camazuleno adequaram-se aos parâmetros farmacocinéticos favoráveis, enquanto a apigenina e o diazepam não atenderam ao perfil de ideal de biodisponibilidade. No estudo docking, as energias de ligação obtidas foram de -5-1 (a-bisabolol), -7,0 (camazuleno), -7,5 (diazepam), e -8.3 kcal/mol (apigenina); também foram observadas ligações do tipo hidrofóbicas, de Van der Waals e interações eletrostáticas. Conclusão: Os parâmetros analisados sugerem a atividade ansiolítica das moléculas estudas. Ademais, mais pesquisas in vivo devem ser realizadas a fim de elucidar os resultados e seus mecanismos e possíveis limitações em humanos.
Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study among final year medical students at the University of Zambia
Authors: Limbumbu Anthony Nsamba , Kabwe Jane Chanda , Kumwenda Andrew , Kasonkomona Phyllis Chibuye , Mwila Grace , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty
Published: November 2022

Background

Since the globe was faced with the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, numerous adjustments have been made in all sectors to curtail the spread of infection. Most elementary and tertiary schools were closed or suspended until the transmission rates dropped. Following the outbreak of COVID-19, medical schools in Zambia have sought ways to replace face-to-face medical learning with virtual clinical teaching.

The objectives of this study were to explore the perceptions of online learning among University of Zambia medical students and understand the barriers and facilitators to effective online learning.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive approach was used, enrolling final year medical students from the University of Zambia; the consenting participants were sampled purposively and interviewed through virtual platforms until data saturation was reached upon interviewing the 11th participant. A total of 14 participants were interviewed, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and data was analyzed using six steps of thematic analysis.

Results

Three broad themes arose from the interviews: online learning perceptions, facilitators and barriers to online learning. Regarding perceptions of online learning, they highlighted that the delivery was simple to understand, with convenient scheduling and the benefit of being able to refer back to the recorded lectures. Some barriers encountered during the online learning were poor network connection, frequent power outages, lack of patient-student interaction and challenges with learning space in their homes. The facilitators were self-paced learning, availability of lecturers and the desire to complete their training despite the lockdown being in effect.

Conclusions

Most medical students had positive perceptions of online learning despite its challenges. With the improvement in technology, online education should be incorporated into the traditional training of medical students to get the best outcomes.
APLICAÇÕES DE TESTES ESTATÍSTICOS NÃO PARAMÉTRICOS PARA ANÁLISE DE HIPERTENSOS NAS REGIÕES DE SAÚDE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Oliveira de Souza Sabrinna Rodrigues de , Gemal Karina , Goethen Pedro Ricardo da Silva , Provenza Marcello Montillo
Published: November 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a existência de diferenças estatísticas entre as Regiões de Saúde (CIR) do estado do Rio de Janeiro de hipertensos. Os dados são do Departamento de Informática do Sistema único de Saúde (DATASUS) e foram analisados em períodos anuais por CIR entre 2002 e 2012. Foi aplicado o teste Shapiro-Wilk que rejeitou a hipótese de normalidade para sete das nove regiões estudadas. Em seguida, foi feito o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis para verificar a existência de diferenças estatísticas entre as regiões. Concluiu-se que ao menos um dos grupos difere significativamente dos demais. Posteriormente, foi utilizado o pós teste Dunn que gerou múltiplas comparações entre as regiões para verificar se há diferença entre os tratamentos. Foi detectada diferença entre 9 comparações das 36 realizadas.  Por fim, existem evidências estatísticas de que há diferença entre as CIR, o que sugere que diferentes ações para reduzir ou tratar os hipertensos em cada região devem ser tomadas.
Esboço de uma Teoria Unificada da Angústia no Seminário 10 de Lacan
Authors: Lustoza Rosane Zétola
Published: November 2022

Este artigo propõe o esboço de uma teoria unificada da angústia no Seminário 10, visando fornecer uma chave de leitura que permita conectar entre si as diferentes formulações nas obras de Freud e Lacan. A ideia de unidade deve ser entendida no sentido estruturalista. Isso significa privilegiar as relações e não os termos, ou seja, encontrar a regra de composição do conjunto dos conceitos. Partindo do par de oposição angústia como falta da falta x angústia como sinal do desejo, demonstra-se que os afetos que formam os termos do par possuem uma relação: enquanto o primeiro seria condição de possibilidade do desejo, o segundo supõe um desejo constituído. Discute-se a existência de uma angústia relacionada ao gozo e de uma angústia relacionada ao desejo, demonstrando que o desdobramento da fórmula da angústia encontra respaldo no texto freudiano. Argumenta-se que o par de oposição lacaniano corresponde ao par freudiano angústia automática x sinal de angústia. Conclui-se que, apesar da pluralidade das definições, é possível encontrar uma lógica que as atravessa.
O Nome e a Coisa: Sobre as Origens da Psicologia Como Ciência
Authors: Araujo Saulo De Freitas
Published: November 2022

Entre psicólogos, filósofos e historiadores não há consenso sobre o início da psicologia como ciência. Muitas vezes, parece haver nesses debates uma confusão entre o nome "psicologia" e a coisa por ele designada. Neste caso, a questão central é saber se a existência da coisa depende ou não do nome. Nosso objetivo é mostrar a insuficiência do nome "psicologia" para designar a coisa. Mais especificamente, defendemos a existência da coisa muito antes do surgimento do nome. Inicialmente, analisamos as investigações sobre a psykhé na tradição grega. Em seguida, abordamos a constituição de uma ciência da alma entre a Idade Média Tardia e o início do período moderno. Acompanhamos também o surgimento do nome "psicologia" e as distintas coisas por ele nomeadas até o estabelecimento do projeto de uma ciência psicológica em Christian Wolff e suas consequências. Finalmente, discutimos as implicações de nossa investigação para o debate sobre as origens da psicologia como ciência.
Encarceramento Feminino em Presídio Misto
Authors: Nunes Caroline Cabral , Macedo João Paulo Sales
Published: November 2022

O encarceramento feminino tem aumentado de forma alarmante. No entanto, a existência predominante de presídios mistos demonstra uma escassez de investimentos na infraestrutura e em procedimentos institucionais específicos para o confinamento desta população. Este estudo objetivou discutir sobre a realidade do encarceramento feminino em presídios mistos a partir de observações participantes e dos relatos de mulheres presas sobre suas vivências. Sob uma perspectiva de gênero, apresenta as particularidades destes ambientes, os modos de vida e as lutas das mulheres encarceradas frente às dificuldades experienciadas. Observa-se a precariedade do acesso de serviços especializados para a saúde feminina, de espaços adequados para gestantes ou berçários, bem como para visita íntima. A dinâmica institucional é caracterizada por práticas moralistas e sexistas em sustentação de uma ordem patriarcal masculina por parte dos agentes e dos homens presos. Mas há também resistência, de modo que as mulheres experimentam diferentes meios de exercerem suas sexualidades, desejos e insurreições coletivas.
Ensino do Criacionismo e da Bíblia nas Escolas Brasileiras: Análise de Proposições Legislativas Atuais
Authors: Lionço Tatiana , Mattos Amana Rocha
Published: November 2022

Nesta pesquisa, analisamos projetos de lei, apresentados à Câmara Legislativa Federal, que propõem o ensino da Bíblia e do criacionismo na educação brasileira. A partir da reflexão sobre fundamentalismo religioso e ultraconservadorismo, discutimos como a laicidade se fragiliza por meio da incidência de propostas pretensamente seculares, mas baseadas em fé religiosa. Foram analisados quatro projetos de lei apresentados no período de 2014 a 2018, selecionados por meio de busca ativa no site da Câmara dos Deputados, utilizando-se os descritores "ensino da Bíblia", "estudo da Bíblia" e "criacionismo". Por meio de análise qualitativa dos argumentos adotados em tais projetos, os resultados deste estudo indicam que há uma disputa em torno da legitimidade epistêmica, bem como por legitimidade ético-moral e política nas proposições legislativas em tramitação no Congresso Nacional. Concluímos ser importante reafirmar a laicidade na educação para a formação de subjetividades democráticas, recusando a superioridade moral cristã diante da diversidade moral e cultural.
Compreensão de Trabalho Decente entre Jovens com Baixa Qualificação
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo Afonso , Costa Bruno Bones Valdo da , Gonçalves Iramaia De Almeida
Published: November 2022

Trabalho decente é um conceito proposto pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) com base nos contextos de trabalho dos países desenvolvidos e em fatores socioeconômicos. A psicologia e os países do Sul global podem contribuir na ampliação do conceito. Assim, fundamentados na pesquisa qualitativa consensual e por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade, visamos compreender as concepções de trabalho decente de 20 jovens brasileiros/as com baixa qualificação a partir de uma leitura psicossocial com base na teoria da psicologia do trabalhar (PWT). Os principais resultados indicaram a compreensão de que o trabalho realizado pelos/as participantes não era um trabalho decente, não seria estruturante da vida, e que atenderia às necessidades de sobrevivência, mas impediria a autodeterminação. As implicações do estudo apontaram, em termos conceituais e políticos, para a necessidade de contextualizar a concepção de trabalho decente, agregando a ideia de versões distintas do trabalho decente, variando em função de contextos distintos, e reconstruir as práticas de orientação profissional, de carreira e de gestão de pessoas, de acordo com as características socioculturais do público-alvo, visando sua ampliação e diversificação.
Avaliação Formal e Conhecimento de Professores sobre o Letramento na Educação Infantil
Authors: Conti Lilian Maria Carminato , Postalli Lidia Maria Marson , Souza Deisy Das Graças de
Published: November 2022

Este estudo comparou a avaliação de pré-escolares feita por professores com os resultados obtidos pela aplicação da Escala de Letramento Emergente pela pesquisadora. Participaram 20 alunos de quatro turmas do último ano da Educação Infantil e respectivas professoras. Cada professora indicou três alunos com baixo desempenho e três com bom desempenho nas atividades em sala de aula. A Escala foi aplicada pela pesquisadora e um questionário baseado na Escala foi respondido pelas professoras. Os resultados mostraram que as avaliações das professoras apresentaram escores altos atribuídos aos alunos indicados com bom desempenho, aproximando daqueles obtidos com a Escala. Para oito dos doze alunos indicados com baixo desempenho, as avaliações das professoras apresentaram conceito mais baixo do que o escore aferido pela Escala. Os resultados contribuem para discutir práticas educativas uma vez que, em algumas ocasiões, o professor pode identificar a dificuldade do aluno em aprender determinados conteúdos. Estudos futuros devem considerar o planejamento e a oferta de atividades na formação de professores.
Programa de Formação para Desenvolvimento Socioemocional na Educação Infantil: Avaliação das Professoras
Authors: Dias Talita Pereira , Del Prette Zilda Aparecida Pereira
Published: November 2022

A busca por estratégias de intervenção em habilidades sociais na Educação Infantil que sejam eficazes, viáveis, parcimoniosas e com aceitabilidade pelos educadores constitui um problema de pesquisa. Esforços nessa direção podem contribuir para a integridade da intervenção e, assim, para resultados mais efetivos e generalizáveis. Este estudo buscou descrever indicadores de aceitabilidade e avaliação dos professores sobre impacto de um programa de formação, com promoção de habilidades sociais, habilidades sociais educativas e habilidades sociais na infância. Participaram 14 professoras. Os resultados mostraram avaliação positiva das professoras nos indicadores relacionados à aceitabilidade, bem como na percepção de impacto sobre seu próprio desempenho e de seus alunos. Os dados obtidos apontam para aspectos de aprimoramento do programa e sua potencialidade e flexibilidade para promover habilidades sociais educativas e infantis que pode ser disponibilizado para escolas de Educação Infantil, de modo a atender às demandas sociais e legais para a qualidade da primeira infância.
What is psychosocial care and why is it important for renal patients?
Authors: Coyne Emma , Fretwell Nikki
Published: November 2022

In part one of this new series, Emma Coyne and Nicola Fretwell discuss the nature of psychosocial care and its importance for patients and renal services
Visualization of simulated coating efficiency and uniformity
Authors: Tilsch Markus
			Kurt , Nybank Eric
Published: November 2022

For a line-of-sight coating uniformity model, the source distribution is
normalized such that all material can be traced. This is validated for a
point source in an empty coating chamber. We can now quantify the source
utilization of a coating geometry to determine what fraction of the
evaporated source material is collected on the optics of interest. For the
example of a planetary motion system, we calculate this utilization and
two nonuniformity parameters for a large range of two input parameters,
here the distance between the source and the rotary drive system and the
lateral displacement of the source from the machine centerline. Contour
plot visualizations in this 2D parameter space assist understanding
geometry trade-offs.
Structure of 4  ×  2 optical encoder based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Abdulwahid Saif H. , Wadday Ahmed Ghanim , Abdul Sattar Sinan M.
Published: November 2022

The optical

4

×

2

encoder is organized with a structure
of dimensions

920

n
m

×

400

n
m

, a resonance wavelength of
1310 nm, and a transmission threshold value of 30%. Based on
the finite element method with the COMSOL software package, the
proposed hybrid plasmonic encoder has been suggested, analyzed, and
simulated, standing on the fundamentals of the constructive and
destructive interferences between the light waves. The results were
delivered in graphs containing the transmission values versus a
wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, magnetic field
distribution, contrast ratio, modulation depth, and insertion losses.
The maximum transmission value reached was 68.4%; the modulation depth
was 92.34%; and the contrast ratio was 11.1 dB.
Efficient deployment of aerial relays in FSO-based backhaul networks
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Gu Zhiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: November 2022

Using network flying platforms (NFPs) as aerial relays has been emerging as a promising solution for mobile backhaul frameworks in fifth generation and beyond wireless networks. Moreover, free space optics (FSO) technology has become the alternative to radio frequency technology for backhaul links due to its advantages of a high data rate, long transmission range, and negligible interference. In an FSO-based NFP relay backhaul network, due to the fragility of FSO links, how to deploy NFPs to satisfy network traffic demands is a challenging problem. Moreover, the establishment of non-essential FSO links leads to the extra deployment of NFPs due to the limited number of transceivers carried by each NFP, which makes the NFP deployment problem more complex. To solve these issues, we jointly consider the deployment of NFPs and the formation of network topology, the targets of which are to minimize the number of deployed NFPs and network congestion. The problem is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming, which is hard to solve directly, and we linearize it based on transmission range simplification. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem for large-scale network scenarios. Simulation results show that the joint optimization scheme of NFP deployment and network topology formation surpasses the single optimization scheme, and the proposed heuristic algorithm can solve the joint optimization problem efficiently in differently scaled networks.
Super diffraction limit spectral imaging detection and material type identification of distant space objects
Authors: Jiang Chunxu , Tan Yong , Qu Guannan , Lv Zhong , Gu Naiwei , Lu Weijian , Zhou Jianwei , Li Zhenwei , Xu Rong , Wang Kailin , Shi Jing , Xin Mingsi , Cai Hongxing
Published: November 2022

The image information of distant objects shows a diffuse speckle pattern due to diffraction limit, non-uniform scattering, etc., which is difficult to achieve object discrimination. In this study, we have developed a staring spectral video imaging system mounted on a ground-based telescope observation platform to detect the high orbit space objects and gain their spectral images for six groups of GEO targets. The speckle remains basically the same characteristic as the projection structure of the object due to “the balloon inflation phenomenon of near parallel light during long-distance atmospheric transmission” under the premise of considering the bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF), Rayleigh scattering theory, and the memory effect. Based on this phenomenon, a mathematical model of remote target scattering spectrum imaging is established where the speckle can be treated as both a global speckle and speckle combination of texture blocks caused by various components of the target. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is separately used to invert the global speckle and the speckle combination of the texture blocks on account of the typical target material database. The results show that the target materials are of relatively fewer kinds in the global inversion with only including gallium arsenide panel (GaAs) and carbon fiber (CF), for which the highest goodness of curve fitting is only 77.97. An improved algorithm makes their goodness of fit reach 90.29 and 93.33, respectively, in view of one conjecture that the target surface contains unknown materials. The spectral inversion result of the texture blocks shows that the types of materials in each target texture block increase significantly, and that the area ratio of different materials inverted in the block is different from each other. It is further confirmed that the speckle image contains the overall projection structure of distant target and the spectral image projection of each component is relatively fixed, which is the result of the comprehensive action of various mechanisms of ultra-long-haul atmospheric transmission and optical system focusing imaging after BRDF spectral scattering. The spectral image fine inversion is expected to restore the clear structure of the target. This discovery provides important support for the remote imaging and identification of distant and ultra-diffractive targets.
Formation of NV centers in diamond by a femtosecond laser single pulse
Authors: Shimotsuma Y. , Kinouchi K. , Yanoshita R. , Fujiwara M. , Mizuochi N. , Uemoto M. , Shimizu M. , Miura K.
Published: November 2022

The NV centers in a diamond were successfully created by the femtosecond laser single pulse. We also investigated the effect on the diamond lattice induced by the different laser pulse widths from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Interestingly, in spite of the high thermal conductivity of a diamond, we found that there is a suitable pulse repetition rate of several tens kHz for the formation of NV center ensembles by the femtosecond laser pulse irradiation.
Matrix treatment for the correlation between intensity fluctuations of light waves on weak scattering from a collection of particles with L types
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhao Daomu
Published: November 2022

We report a new approach to the correlation between intensity fluctuations (CIF) of light waves on weak scattering from a collection of particles with

L

types. Two

L

×

L

matrices called a pair-potential matrix (PPM) and a pair-structure matrix (PSM) are introduced to jointly formulate the CIF of the scattered field for the first time. We show that the CIF equals the squared modulus of the trace of the product of the PSM and the transpose of the PPM, and thus these two matrices provide sufficient amount of information to determine the CIF of the scattered field. Based on this, we further analyze the normalized version of the CIF of the scattered field. It is found that the expression of the normalized CIF can have pretty compact and profound forms in three special cases: (I) the spatial distributions of the scattering potentials of particles of different types are similar (II) the spatial distributions of the densities of particles of different types are similar (III) both the scattering potentials and the densities of particles of different types are similarly distributed in space. Finally, the effects of the off-diagonal elements of the PPM and the PSM on the normalized CIF of the scattered field are illustrated by two examples. The results show that the non-zero cross correlation between particles of different types can induce intense changes in the normalized CIF of the scattered field.
Correction of multi-scale sunglint reflections from the water surface in airborne high-spatial resolution optical images
Authors: Wang Mingxiu , Hu QingHua , Zhu XiaoBo , Lu YingCheng , Jiao JunNan , Zhou JuYuan , Ju WeiMin , Chen ZengWen , Li CuiPing , Huang YanYan , Hong Qin
Published: November 2022

Airborne optical images (AOI) are often with complex sunglint reflections, which brings a certain influence to watercolor retrieval. This includes the sunglint reflection with water surface statistical distribution characteristics caused by imaging viewing angles differences, with high spatial resolution surface discrete characteristics sharing similar viewing angles, and the surface Fresnel reflection sunglint differences caused by the skylight difference during the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles. Aiming at the multiscale optical characteristics of sunglint reflection in high spatial resolution AOI, based on multi-path optical radiation transmission, the sunglint reflection interference from three different imaging processes is clarified. We developed a correction method to eliminate these different sunglint reflections on water surfaces and improve the reflectivity accuracy. The comparison with the in situ measured remote sensing reflectance of water indicated that the root mean square error (RMSE) was reduced from 0.0009 sr-1 to 0.0004 sr-1, and the mean relative error (MRE) decreased from 21.8% to 15.7%. This method has also been applied to correct the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images, showing good applicability. The method is fast, effective, and without auxiliary parameters, which provides a correction reference for different surface sunglint corrections of various AOI.
Radiation of optical angular momentum by a dipole source inside a magneto-optical environment
Authors: van Tiggelen B. A.
Published: November 2022

Radiation of electromagnetic energy by electric or magnetic multipole sources can be modified by their local environment. In this work we demonstrate that a magneto-optical environment of an unpolarized dipole source induces the radiation of angular momentum into space. This radiation benefits from Purcell enhancement.
Silicon photonic receiver for satellite laser communication terminals
Authors: Song Jeong Hwan , Kongnyuy Tangla D. , Prost Mathias , Mohammadhosseini Hakimeh , Jansen Roelof
Published: November 2022

We report the optical performance of a photonic receiver for laser communication applications. The receiver is composed of 14 × 12 grating coupler arrays. The received optical signal power will be combined electrically via germanium photodiodes. The photonic receiver is designed for 20-µm to 30-µm mode field diameter (MFD) input sources. To maximize the fill factor of the 200 µm × 200 µm light-receiving area, a design strategy has been proposed. (1) Grating couplers are customized for compactness. (2) Periods of grating couplers are designed to work as end-fire and back-fire grating couplers for the same incident angle of the input laser source. (3) Different widths of waveguides are routed to minimize cross talk. The photonic receiver is evaluated with a 10-µm MFD source. As a result of the evaluation, the receiving area considering the minimum efficiency of −10.5 dB is 95% of the designed area when illuminating 20-µm to 300-µm MFD laser sources.
Birefringent, low loss, and broadband semi-tube anti-resonant hollow-core fiber
Authors: Hong YiFeng , Jia AnQing , Gao ShouFei , Sheng YuLin , Lu XiaoSong , Liang Zhi , Zhang Zhe , Ding Wei , Wang YingYing
Published: November 2022

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a low-loss birefringent semi-tube anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF). By optimizing the structure design and the stack-and-draw fabrication technique, a transmission loss of 4.8 dB/km at 1522 nm, a <10 dB/km bandwidth of 154 nm, and a phase birefringence of 1.8 × 10−5 are demonstrated. This achieved loss is more than one order of magnitude lower than the previously reported birefringent AR-HCF and the bandwidth is one order of magnitude broader than the reported birefringent photonic bandgap hollow-core fiber (PBG-HCF) with the same loss level. The polarization extinction ratio (PER) reaches the ∼20 dB level in a 90 m-long fiber under >25 cm bending radius. Combined with the single mode and low dispersion features, the developed semi-tube AR-HCF may find a variety of applications in frequency metrology, interferometric fiber gyroscopes, and long-baseline stellar interferometry.
Enhancement of calculation accuracy of the integrated photonic tensor flow processer by global optical power allocation
Authors: Yi Sicheng , Xu Shaofu , Wang Jing , Zou Weiwen
Published: November 2022

We present a global optical power allocation architecture, which can enhance the calculation accuracy of the integrated photonic tensor flow processor (PTFP). By adjusting the optical power splitting ratio according to the weight value and loss of each calculating unit, this architecture can efficiently use optical power so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the PTFP is enhanced. In the case of considering the on-chip optical delay line and spectral loss, the calculation accuracy measured in the experiment is enhanced by more than 1 bit compared with the fixed optical power allocation architecture.
Transverse mode switchable fiber laser with a multimodal interference-based beam shaper
Authors: Fang Wentan , Ma Xiaohui , Zhou Yong , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiaolin , Huang Song , Liao Meisong , Ohishiand Yasutake , Gao Weiqing
Published: November 2022

We propose a Yb-doped fiber laser with an all-fiber beam shaper based on a single-mode–graded-index multimode–few-mode fiber (SMF-GIMF-FMF) structure. The excitation coefficients of the mode can be adjusted continuously by changing the GIMF length. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the beam shaping dynamics in the fiber structure. Through adding the simple device geometry in the laser cavity, the switchable output between the fundamental transverse (LP01) mode and the second-order transverse (LP11) mode can be achieved. Cylindrical vector beams with high mode purity are also shown by removing the degeneracy of the LP11 mode.
Polarization-insensitive antisymmetric multimode waveguide Bragg grating filter based on an SiN–Si dual-layer stack
Authors: Ning Nannan , Yu Hui , Zhang Qiang , Huang Qikai , Fu Zhilei , Xia Penghui , Wei Zhujun , Wang Xiaofei , Wang Yuehai , Yang Jianyi
Published: November 2022

A polarization-insensitive multimode antisymmetric waveguide Bragg grating (MASWBG) filter based on an SiN–Si dual-layer stack is demonstrated. Carefully optimized grating corrugations patterned on the sidewall of a silicon waveguide and SiN overlay are used to perturbate TE and TM modes, respectively. Furthermore, the lateral-shift apodization technique is utilized to improve the sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR). A good overlap between the passbands measured in TE and TM polarization states is obtained. Insertion losses, SLSRs, and 3-dB bandwidths of measured passbands in TE/TM polarizations are 1/1.72 dB, 18.5/19.1 dB, and 5.1/3.5 nm, respectively.
Snapshot multi-frame parallel spectral holographic microscopy based on a reconfigurable optical comb
Authors: Chen Yanqi , Xing Fangjian , Li Wei , Sheng Yuhang , Di Yunsong , Gan Zhixing , Liu Cihui
Published: November 2022

We present a snapshot multi-frame parallel holographic microscopy system through a reconfigurable optical comb source, which consists of a digital micromirror device (DMD) based spectrum filter system and a spectroscopic Michelson interferometric system. The proposed system allows arbitrarily tuning comb spacing and comb number, and the capturing of multi-frame images without overlap in one exposure. As a result, high-quality spectral holograms can be obtained with less acquisition time. The performance of the system is detailed in the experiment and 45-wavelengths holographic imaging for perovskite micro-platelets is conducted, which proves the system has the ability to realize high-performance four-dimensional (4D) imaging.
Optimized optical/electrical/mechanical properties of ultrathin metal films for flexible transparent conductor applications: review [Invited]
Authors: Park Yong-Bum , Lee Sangeon , Tobah Mustafa , Ma Taigao , Guo L. Jay
Published: November 2022

Transparent conductors are essential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Recently, ultrathin metal films have received great attention as emerging transparent conductors to replace status quo indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent optoelectrical properties with mechanical flexibility. Understanding an ultrathin metal film's optoelectrical properties with respect to thickness scaling is the prerequisite for the design of high-performance metal film-based transparent conductors. This review paper aims to focus on the evolution of ultrathin metal film’s optical properties as thickness scales. Such evolution of optical properties will be associated with electrical properties by exploring various resistivity scattering models aiming to better understand a film’s intrinsic physical property at an extremely thin scale and provide a guideline for enhancing the film’s intrinsic optoelectrical properties for transparent conductor application. Next, optical design considerations to enhance transparency at visible and near-infrared range are discussed including recent reinforcement learning methods as a potential strategy for transparent conductor design. Then, mechanical flexibility of various ITO-replacement electrodes is discussed as well as the mechanism for the metal film-based transparent conductor's excellent endurance against mechanical stress. Lastly, some of the unique benefits of using a metal film transparent conductor for optoelectronic device application are discussed.
Multislice computational model for birefringent scattering
Authors: Mu Shuqi , Shi Yingtong , Song Yintong , Liu Wei , Wei Wanxue , Gong Qihuang , Dong Dashan , Shi Kebin
Published: November 2022

Analytical modeling of optical
field propagation in a scattering medium is essential for
computational optics such as iterative imaging reconstructions and
end-to-end photonic designs. Despite the existence of the beam
propagation method framework and numerical electromagnetic simulation
tools for scalar scattering processes, there has been a lack of an
analytical model to include the full tensor nature of birefringent
scattering. Here, we present an analytical tool with a polarization
transfer function tensor to model the field propagation in a
birefringent scattering medium by including a full set of field tensor
elements and multiple-scattering characteristics.
Birefringence-controlled field propagation experiments were
successfully carried out to validate the proposed model. With the
capability to solve the 3D reconstruction of the scattering potential
tensor, we believe the proposed model will provide a more accurate and
efficient forward analytical tool for iterative reconstruction of
birefringence-related scattering processes.
Interpreting and de-noising genetically engineered barcodes in a DNA virus
Authors: Blois Sylvain , Goetz Benjamin M. , Bull James J. , Sullivan Christopher S.
Published: November 2022

The concept of a nucleic acid barcode applied to pathogen genomes is easy to grasp and the many possible uses are straightforward. But implementation may not be easy, especially when growing through multiple generations or assaying the pathogen long-term. The potential problems include: the barcode might alter fitness, the barcode may accumulate mutations, and construction of the marked pathogens may result in unintended barcodes that are not as designed. Here, we generate approximately 5,000 randomized barcodes in the genome of the prototypic small DNA virus murine polyomavirus. We describe the challenges faced with interpreting the barcode sequences obtained from the library. Our Illumina NextSeq sequencing recalled much greater variation in barcode sequencing reads than the expected 5,000 barcodes–necessarily stemming from the Illumina library processing and sequencing error. Using data from defined control virus genomes cloned into plasmid backbones we develop a vetted post-sequencing method to cluster the erroneous reads around the true virus genome barcodes. These findings may foreshadow problems with randomized barcodes in other microbial systems and provide a useful approach for future work utilizing nucleic acid barcoded pathogens.