bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monolithically-integrated cytometer for measuring particle diameter in the extracellular vesicle size range using multi-angle scattering
Authors: Butement Jonathan T. , Holloway Paul M. , Welsh Joshua A. , Holloway Judith A. , Englyst Nicola A. , Horak Peter , West Jonathan , Wilkinson James S.
Published: March 2020

On chip MMI-lenses combined with multi-angle waveguide collection and 3d focussing fluidics allows high performance size measurement of submicron particles.
Bioinspired catalysis and bromoperoxidase like activity of a multistimuli-responsive supramolecular metallogel: supramolecular assembly triggered by pi–pi stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Kurbah Sunshine Dominic , Lal Ram A.
Published: March 2020

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new self-assembled VO2-L metallogel. Multi-responsive properties of the gel were also studied and can be used for sensing OH− anions. Bromoperoxidase-like activity of VO2-L metallogel for oxidative bromination reaction was also reported.
Composite formation in CdSe:Cu2Se nanocrystal films, charge transport characteristics and heterojunction performance
Authors: Babu N. Sajid , Khadar M. Abdul
Published: March 2020

The use of nanocrystals as materials for potential technological applications depends on tailoring their properties through intentional doping with external impurities.
Investigation of calcium carbonate synthesized by steamed ammonia liquid waste without use of additives
Authors: Luo Xianping , Song Xuewen , Cao Yuwei , Song Lei , Bu Xianzhong
Published: March 2020

The aim of this work is to study the effect of reaction conditions using steamed ammonia liquid waste without the use of additives on the crystallization of calcium carbonate.
A polyA aptamer-based label-free colorimetric biosensor for the detection of kanamycin in human serum
Authors: Shayesteh Omid Heydari , Khosroshahi Abolfazl Ghafouri
Published: March 2020

A novel colorimetric assay for the sensitive detection of kanamycin (KAN) is described.
A 3D composite lithium metal anode with pre-fabricated LiZn via reactive wetting
Authors: Jia Junyao , Tang Zhuoqun , Guo Zixing , Xu Haiyao , Hu Huijie , Li Sa
Published: March 2020

Li@NFZO, a 3D composite anode, obtained by heat-treatment and reactive wetting reinforces the electrode/electrolyte interface stability and prolongs the full-cell cycling life under lean electrolyte conditions.
Tetrahedral μ4-chloride and in situ generated octahedral μ6-sulfide templating Co8 complexes with different distortions of the cube
Authors: Yu You-Zhu , Guo Yu-Hua , Zhang Yan-Ru , Tian Xiu-Juan , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: March 2020

Two unprecedented octanuclear Co8 clusters with distorted cubes were synthesized using chloride and in situ generated sulfide as templates, in which strong intra-cluster antiferromagnetic interactions were found.
Sun, UV and X-ray triple photochromic properties of three coordination polymers based on 1,1′-bis(3-carboxylatobenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ligand
Authors: Liu Jinjian , Lu Yiwei , Lu Wenbo
Published: March 2020

Reversible color changes for three compounds can be observed in the air upon sunlight, UV-light and X-ray irradiation.
CPMD investigation of α-RDX and ε-CL-20: the transition of deflagration to detonation depending on the self-produced radicals
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Cheng Longjiu , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Kun
Published: March 2020

The transition process of deflagration to detonation of RDX and CL-20 is nonspontaneous without the participation of self-produced radicals.
Mirror symmetry origin of Dirac cone formation in rectangular two-dimensional materials
Authors: Qin Xuming , Liu Yi , Yang Gui , Zhao Dongqiu
Published: March 2020

The origin of Dirac cone band structure of 6,6,12-graphyne is revealed by a “mirror symmetry parity coupling” mechanism proposed with tight-binding method combined with density functional calculations.
Physical properties of new ordered bimetallic phases M0.25Cd0.75PS3 (M = ZnII, NiII, CoII, MnII)
Authors: Fuentealba P. , Olea C. , Aguilar-Bolados H. , Audebrand N. , de Santana R. C. , Doerenkamp C. , Eckert H. , Magon C. J. , Spodine E.
Published: March 2020

The characterization of four new ordered bimetallic phases together with the analysis of their magnetic, conducting and optical properties.
Turing patterns modulation by chemical gradient in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions
Authors: Silva-Dias Leonardo , Lopez-Castillo Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Chemical gradients imposed through boundary conditions induce spatial symmetry breaking of Turing patterns in small systems.
Effects of Cu2+incorporation on ZnAl-layered double hydroxide
Authors: Wu Lanyan , Peng Bing , Li Qingzhu , Wang Qingwei , Yan Xu , Li Kaizhong , Lin Qiuhong
Published: March 2020

The incorporation of copper affects the particle size of LDHs and the coordination number of aluminum.
Synthesis by partial oxygenation of graphite-like carbon nitride (OCN) decorated with oleic diethanolamide borate (ODAB) for oil-based lubricant additives and its tribological properties
Authors: He Zengbao , Min Chunying , Yang Yuzi , Zhang Kan , Dong Changkun , Zhou Yuhang , Shen Weixin
Published: March 2020

ODAB-OCN retaining long-term dispersion stability in an oil environment exhibits excellent tribological properties.
A biodegradable nanodrug of molybdenum silicide for photothermal oncotherapy
Authors: Gao Changjiu , Liang Chune , Wang Qing , Li Wenchao , Liang Qichao , Wang Chunhui , Chen Lili
Published: March 2020

MoSi2 is a clearable photothermal nanodrug that can be metabolized and excreted from the body via feces and urine.
NiAg0.4 3D porous nanoclusters with epitaxial interfaces exhibiting Pt like activity towards hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium
Authors: Hegde Chidanand , Sun Xiaoli , Ren Hao , Huang Aijian , Liu Daobin , Li Bing , Dangol Raksha , Liu Chuntai , Li Shuiqing , Li Hua , Yan Qingyu
Published: March 2020

The Ni–Ag interface furnishes a reduced energy pathway for the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.
Determination of refractive index increment of synthetic polybutadienes and microstructural control of grafting density and liquid crystalline properties
Authors: Huang Shuai , Han Li , Ma Hongwei , Lei Lan , Zhang Ruixue , Shen Heyu , Yang Lincan , Li Chao , Zhang Songbo , Li Yang
Published: March 2020

Polybutadienes (PBs) with microstructural control of 8% to 94% moles of 1,2-olefins synthesizedvialiving anionic polymerization (LAP) were used as precursors for the synthesis of PB-based liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) with well-controlled grafting densities.
Ascorbic acid stabilised copper nanoclusters as fluorescent sensors for detection of quercetin
Authors: Cai Zhifeng , Li Haoyang , Wu Jinglong , Zhu Li , Ma Xinru , Zhang Caifeng
Published: March 2020

A fluorescent sensor based on ascorbic acid-functionalized copper nanoclusters (AA-Cu NCs) were prepared for the sensitive detection of quercetin.
Re‐detection object tracking algorithm in the cyber physical system
Authors: Hu Zhaohua , Huang JiaJing
Published: February 2020

Cyber physical system (CPS) is a complex system combining computation, network and physics; object tracking is an important application of CPS. To solve the problem that the traditional kernel correlation filtering tracking algorithm cannot recover the lost object, the authors propose a re‐detection object tracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm mainly designs a new adaptive detection criterion. By comparing the value of detection criterion and the value of the experience threshold, it can be judged whether the current target is lost or not. When the object tracking fails, the proposed method can generate target candidate boxes by using the edge boxes algorithm and select the best target location by applying the non‐maximum suppression and the Euclidean metric methods. In addition, a fast multi‐scale estimation method and an adaptive updating method are added to the tracking procedure to further improve the overall performance of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has a good performance in terms of precision and success rates.
Local descriptor for retinal fundus image registration
Authors: Ramli Roziana , Idris Mohd Yamani Idna , Hasikin Khairunnisa , Karim Noor Khairiah A. , Wahab Ainuddin Wahid Abdul , Ahmedy Ismail , Ahmedy Fatimah , Arof Hamzah
Published: February 2020

A feature‐based retinal image registration (RIR) technique aligns multiple fundus images and composed of pre‐processing, feature point extraction, feature descriptor, matching and geometrical transformation. Challenges in RIR include difference in scaling, intensity and rotation between images. The scale and intensity differences can be minimised with consistent imaging setup and image enhancement during the pre‐processing, respectively. The rotation can be addressed with feature descriptor method that robust to varying rotation. Therefore, a feature descriptor method is proposed based on statistical properties (FiSP) to describe the circular region surrounding the feature point. From the experiments on public Fundus Image Registration dataset, FiSP established 99.227% average correct matches for rotations between 0° and 180°. Then, FiSP is paired with Harris corner, scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT), speeded‐up robust feature (SURF), Ghassabi's and D‐Saddle feature point extraction methods to assess its registration performance and compare with the existing feature‐based RIR techniques, namely generalised dual‐bootstrap iterative closet point (GDB‐ICP), Harris‐partial intensity invariant feature descriptor (PIIFD), Ghassabi's–SIFT, H‐M 16, H‐M 17 and D‐Saddle–histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). The combination of SIFT–FiSP registered 64.179% of the image pairs and significantly outperformed other techniques with mean difference between 25.373 and 60.448% (p = <0.001*).
Exit-time of mean-field particles system
Authors: Tugaut Julian
Published: March 2020

The current article is devoted to the study of a mean-field system of particles. The question that we are interested in is the behaviour of the exit-time of the first particle (and the one of any particle) from a domain D on ℝd as the diffusion coefficient goes to 0. We establish a Kramers’ type law. In other words, we show that the exit-time is exponentially equivalent to [see formula in PDF], HN being the exit-cost. We also show that this exit-cost converges to some quantity H.
Rescaled weighted determinantal random balls
Authors: Clarenne Adrien
Published: March 2020

We consider a collection of weighted Euclidian random balls in ℝddistributed according a determinantal point process. We perform a zoom-out procedure by shrinking the radii while increasing the number of balls. We observe that the repulsion between the balls is erased and three different regimes are obtained, the same as in the weighted Poissonian case.
Ernährung bei Krebs: Geeignet zur Vorbeugung und Therapie?
Authors: Arends Jann
Published: March 2020

Ernährung dient dem Aufbau und Erhalt des Körpers und seiner Funktionen und ist damit Grundvoraussetzung, um den Tagesablauf und die täglichen Belastungen stabil zu überstehen. Es ist deshalb naheliegend zu überlegen und zu erforschen, ob und inwieweit die Aufnahme von Nährstoffen die Krebsanfälligkeit oder die Tumortherapie beeinflusst.
Facile Synthesis of Oxime Amino Ethers via Lewis Acid Catalyzed SN2-Type Ring Opening of Activated Aziridines with Aryl Aldehyde Oximes
Authors: Bhattacharyya Aditya , Das Subhomoy , Chauhan Navya , Biswas Pronay K. , Ghorai Manas K.
Published: March 2020

A simple strategy to access a wide range of substituted oxime amino ethers in good to high yields via Lewis acid catalyzed SN2-type ring opening of activated aziridines with aryl aldehyde oximes is reported.
Artrodese versus artroplastia da primeira articulação metatarsofalângica no tratamento do hallux rigidus – Estudo comparativo de pacientes selecionados apropriadamente
Authors: Santos Silva Marta , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Barros Luís H. , Sousa Arnaldo , Muras José
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Historicamente, os resultados da artroplastia da primeira articulação metatarsofalângica (1MTP) eram relativamente ruins; no entanto, melhorias na compreensão da biomecânica normal do pé, nos materiais e no design dos implantes, tornam a artroplastia um tratamento aceitável em pacientes selecionados. O presente estudo pretendeu comparar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da artrodese com os da artroplastia da 1MTP no tratamento de hallux rigidus e apresentar um racional para seleção de pacientes para artroplastia.

Métodos Um total de 36 pacientes (38 pés) com hallux rigidus operados (12 artrodeses e 26 artroplastias) foram prospectivamente incluídos. A dor foi avaliada com recurso à escala visual analógica (VAS) e o resultado funcional usando a escala American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS-HMI). As complicações e os resultados radiográficos foram também registrados e a taxa de sobrevida calculada para os dois procedimentos.

Resultados Todos os pacientes referiram uma melhoria significativa na dor e nos resultados funcionais após a cirurgia. Os pacientes submetidos a artroplastia tiveram melhor resultado funcional na escala AOFAS-HMI (89,7 versus 65.7 pontos; p < 0.001) e melhor alívio da dor (VAS 1,6 versus 3,9 pontos; p = 0,002) quando comparados com os doentes submetidos a artrodese. Registrou-se um caso de infecção no grupo da artroplastia e 2 casos de pseudoartrose no grupo da artrodese.

Conclusão A artrodese permite alívio da dor e resultados satisfatórios, mas altera a biomecânica da marcha. Tal como a artrodese, a artroplastia melhora a dor significativamente, sendo uma alternativa mais fisiológica para preservar a biomecânica do pé. Apesar dos dois tratamentos terem bons resultados clínicos, em pacientes selecionados, a artroplastia teve melhores resultados clínicos e menor taxa de revisão.
Access to Intrathecal Baclofen Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy in European Countries: An SCPE Survey Reveals Important Differences
Authors: Himmelmann Kate , Påhlman Magnus , Andersen Guro L. , Vik Torstein , Virella Daniel , Horridge Karen , Neubauer David , Arnaud Catherine , Rackauskaite Gija , de la Cruz Javier
Published: March 2020

Aim The aim is to study access to intrathecal baclofen (ITB) for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Europe, as an indicator of access to advanced care.

Methods Surveys were sent to CP registers, clinical networks, and pump manufacturers. Enquiries were made about ITB treatment in children born in 1990 to 2005 by sex, CP type, level of gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and age at the start of treatment. Access to ITB was related to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and % GDP spent on health.

Results In 2011 population-based data from Sweden, Norway, England, Portugal, Slovenia, and Denmark showed that 114 (3.4%) of 3,398 children with CP were treated with ITB, varying from 0.4 to 4.7% between centers. The majority of the children were at GMFCS levels IV-V and had bilateral spastic CP. In Sweden, dyskinetic CP was the most commonly treated subtype. Boys were more often treated with ITB than girls (p = 0.014). ITB was reported to be available for children with CP in 25 of 43 countries. Access to ITB was associated with a higher GDP and %GDP spent on health (p < 0.01). Updated information from 2019 showed remaining differences between countries in ITB treatment and sex difference in treated children was maintained.

Conclusion There is a significant difference in access to ITB for children with CP across Europe. More boys than girls are treated. Access to ITB for children with CP is associated with GDP and percent of GDP spent on health in the country.
Severity of Cerebral Palsy—The Impact of Associated Impairments
Authors: Horber Veronka , Fares Asma , Platt Mary Jane , Arnaud Catherine , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Sellier Elodie
Published: March 2020

Objective This article describes associated impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes.

Method Children born between 1990 and 2006 recorded in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database were studied. An “impairment index” characterized severity of impairments and their combinations.

Results Amongst the 11,015 children analyzed, 56% (n = 5,968) could walk unaided, 54% (4,972) had normal or near-normal intellect (intelligence quotient ≥ 70). Except for ataxic CP, associated impairments were less frequent when walking ability was preserved. The impairment index was low (walking unaided and normal or near-normal intellect) in 30% of cases; 54% (n = 1,637) in unilateral spastic, 24% (n = 79) in ataxic, 18% (n = 913) in bilateral spastic, and 7% (n = 50) in dyskinetic CP. Around 40% had a high impairment index (inability to walk and/or severe intellectual impairment ± additional impairments)—highest in dyskinetic (77%, n = 549) and bilateral spastic CP (54%, n = 2,680). The impairment index varied little in birth weight and gestational age groups. However, significantly fewer cases in the birth weight group ≤ 1,000 g or gestational age group ≤ 27 weeks had a low impairment index compared to the other birth weight and gestational age groups (23 and 24% vs. between 27 and 32%).

Conclusion Thirty percent of the children with CP had a low impairment index (they were able to walk unaided and had a normal or near-normal intellect). Severity in CP was strongly associated to subtype, whereas the association was weak with birth weight or gestational age.
MULTIPLE VARIATIONS OF BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA : A CASE STUDY
Authors: H. Shivarama C. , Shivarama Bhat , K. Shetty R. , R. Avadhani
Published: March 2020

Multiple variations of the branches of abdominal aorta were observed during a routine dissection of the abdominal region in a 66-yearold male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore. In the present case, both the inferior phrenic arteries arise from the celiac trunk. Left gastric artery is originates directly from abdominal aorta higher then celiac trunk. An accessory hepatic artery arises from the superior mesenteric artery. An accessory left renal artery found originating from the abdominal aorta. Right testicular artery arises as anterior branch of abdominal aorta. Knowledge of these variations could help surgeons to identify and protect the branches of abdominal aorta during surgery.
Total Synthesis of the Natural Products Ulmoside A and (2R,3R)-Taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside
Authors: Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Macha Lingamurthy , Dorigundla Aravind Reddy , Gurrapu Raju , Vanka Umamaheswara Sarma
Published: March 2020

An efficient first total synthesis of highly polar ulmoside A and (2R,3R)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, useful for the prevention of metabolic disorders, has been described. Key elements of the synthesis include a Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective C-glycosidation on taxifolin in 35% yield with d-glucose and chiral semipreparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the separation of both taxifolins and the diastereomeric mixture of taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranosides. Correlation of the analytical data of synthetic ulmoside A and its diastereomer with a natural ulmoside A sample confirmed the assigned absolute stereochemistry of the natural products.
The asymptotic iteration method revisited
Authors: Ismail Mourad E. H. , Saad Nasser
Published: March 2020

The asymptotic iteration method is a technique for solving analytically and approximately the linear second-order differential equation, especially the eigenvalue problems that frequently appear in theoretical and mathematical physics. The analysis and mathematical justifications of the success and failure of the asymptotic iteration method are detailed in this work. A theorem explaining why the asymptotic iteration method works for the eigenvalue problem is presented. As a byproduct, a new procedure to generate unlimited classes of exactly solvable differential equations is also introduced.
Experimental system for studying temperature gradient-driven fracture of oxide nuclear fuel out of reactor
Authors: Patnaik S. , Lopes D. A. , Besmann T. M. , Spencer B. W. , Knight T. W.
Published: March 2020

Temperature gradients in ceramic light water reactor (LWR) uranium dioxide (UO2) nuclear fuel pellets generate thermal stresses that cause fractures in the fuel, which begins early in the life of fresh fuel. The combination of heating due to fission and forced convective cooling on the exterior of LWR fuel rods generates a temperature profile that is difficult to replicate outside the reactor environment. In this study, a state-of-the-art experimental setup using electrical heating to study certain aspects of temperature driven fracture was built, and surrogate fuel materials such as ceria (CeO2) were used to validate the system. Cracking experiments were conducted on these surrogates by inducing reactivity-initiated-accident like temperature gradients in the pellets via induction and direct resistance heating. Induction heating was done using copper coils and molybdenum susceptors, which heated the surrogates to a threshold temperature that is sufficiently high for the fuel material to conduct current. Thereafter, direct resistance heating was achieved by passing current through the specimen using a DC power supply to introduce volumetric heating to replicate LWR operating conditions. The pellets were held against nickel electrodes and mounted on a boron nitride test-stand. All the tests were carried out in a stainless-steel vacuum chamber. Simultaneous real-time dual imaging of the surrogate pellet surface was implemented using an optical and infrared camera system that was mounted along axial and perpendicular directions to the pellet surface, respectively. A beam-splitter was used to split the incoming radiation from the sample into two halves. While one of the beams was transmitted from the splitter through a bandpass filter to obtain optical images, the other beam was reflected from the splitter to the thermal camera to capture full-field temperature gradients of the as-fabricated pellet surface during cracking. Some initial tests were conducted with a 2-color pyrometer that was later substituted with a forward-looking infrared thermal camera to capture the temperature profiles. A LabVIEW data acquisition system was set up for collecting useful data during experiments.
Direct measurement of resistivity in destructive pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Kohama Yoshimitsu , Nabeshima Fuyuki , Maeda Atsutaka , Ikeda Akihiko , Matsuda Yasuhiro H.
Published: March 2020

A simple method for measuring electrical resistivity under destructive pulsed magnetic fields is presented. This method uses pick-up voltage as the power source to allow the measurement of the absolute value of resistivity in ultra-high magnetic fields above 100 T. The experimental setup and its operation are described in detail, and its performance is demonstrated using critical field measurements of thin-film FeSe0.5Te0.5 samples. Possible scientific applications of this setup in high magnetic fields as well as in any other environment with a high field sweep rate are also discussed.
An efficient wideband cross-polarization converter manufactured by stacking metal/dielectric multilayers via 3D printing
Authors: Deng Guangsheng , Sun Hanxiao , Lv Kun , Yang Jun , Yin Zhiping , Chi Baihong
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we investigate a novel efficient metasurface-based wideband cross-polarization converter. The device rotates the y-polarized electromagnetic (EM) wave into an x-polarized EM-wave for a wide range of wavelengths (9.8 GHz–18.9 GHz) and vice versa. The unit cell of the proposed converter is very small and consists of four metal/dielectric layers. The asymmetric resonators represent a solid base to allow higher conversion efficiencies, while the slightly varying magnetic and electric resonances between neighboring layers produce a broad operating frequency range. Furthermore, only additive manufacturing technology was used, which offers a low-cost and simple solution to produce the complicated multilayer device. Both measured and simulated results are in good agreement confirming the excellent performance. This study can help both the affordable design and fabrication of multilayer wideband polarization converters in the future.
Photoresponse investigation of polycrystalline gallium antimonide (GaSb) thin films
Authors: Shafa Muhammad , Pan Yi , Kumar R. T. Ananth , Najar Adel
Published: March 2020

Thin films of polycrystalline gallium antimonide (GaSb) were grown on widely available mica substrates using the physical vapor deposition method. The as-grown films contain grains of nano-scale with regular symmetries, as identified by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis. Two-terminal devices with coplanar electrodes were fabricated from the polycrystalline GaSb films; thus, the time dependent photoresponse property of the films was investigated by measuring the current density–voltage characteristics of devices. A significant photoresponse of the device was revealed by the linear dependence of the applied bias. Additionally, the transient behavior of the GaSb thin films was used to optimize growth temperatures of the films. This study shows that polycrystalline GaSb thin films on mica at 500 °C are suitable for high photoresponse and low noise IR photodetectors, thus proving to be a low cost solution for IR photodetectors.
Modeling of motional EPR spectra using hindered Brownian rotational diffusion and the stochastic Liouville equation
Authors: Lehner Jeremy , Stoll Stefan
Published: March 2020

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of molecular spin centers undergoing reorientational motion are commonly simulated using the stochastic Liouville equation (SLE) with a rigid-body hindered Brownian diffusion model. Current SLE theory applies to specific spin systems such as nitroxides and to high-symmetry orientational potentials. In this work, we extend the SLE theory to arbitrary spin systems with any number of spins and any type of spin Hamiltonian interaction term, as well as to arbitrarily complex orientational potentials. We also examine the limited accuracy of the frequency-to-field conversion used to obtain field-swept EPR spectra and present a more accurate approach. The extensions allow for the simulation of EPR spectra of all types of spin labels (nitroxides, copper2+, and gadolinium3+) attached to proteins in low-symmetry environments.
Density, excess volume, and structure of Fe–Cr–Ni melts
Authors: Jeon Sangho , Sansoucie Michael P. , Shuleshova Olga , Kaban Ivan , Matson Douglas M.
Published: March 2020

The relationship between the excess volume and the structure of Fe–Cr–Ni melts is investigated using containerless levitation and in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. The density of six hypoeutectic Fe–Cr–Ni alloys along the 72 wt. % Fe isopleth was measured in the stable and undercooled regions, and the excess volume was evaluated as a function of Cr concentration. It is found that the 72Fe–Cr–Ni alloys exhibit a positive sign of excess volume and the amount increases with increasing Cr concentration. Analysis of the structure factor and pair distribution function of the alloy family reveals that the short-range order in the melt becomes more pronounced with decreasing Cr concentration; this demonstrates a direct correlation between the excess volume and local liquid structure. A characteristic signature of the icosahedral structure is observed in the structure factor of the melts, and the potential origin of the positive excess volume of the 72Fe–Cr–Ni alloys is qualitatively discussed in relation to the icosahedral structure.
Test bed for rotation-based triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Hong Daewoong , Choe Jungho , Lee Yongjoo , Jeong Jaehwa
Published: March 2020

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been attracting attention for electronic devices and sensors consuming low power. Among the few operating modes of the TENG, the rotation-based TENG provides a more continuous and smoother output than the linear-motion-based TENG. To evaluate the output performance of the rotation-based TENG precisely and quantitatively, a test bed that adjusts the eccentricity error, tilt angle error, contact force, and rotational speed is proposed. The test bed includes a motor, torque sensor, 2-axis planar stage, 2-axis tilting stage, 1-axis vertical stage, 3-degree-of-freedom force/torque (3-DOF F/T) sensor, and voice coil actuator. With the proposed test bed, the effects of the eccentricity error, tilt angle error, contact force, and rotational speed on the electrical output performance of the rotation-based TENG are analyzed. The test bed is expected to be used for quantitative performance analysis and comparative study of various rotation-based TENGs, and it can help improve the performance and reliability of rotation-based TENGs.
Bi aliovalent substitution in Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets: Structural and ionic conductivity effects
Authors: Schwanz Derek K. , Villa Andres , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Helfrecht Benjamin , Marinero Ernesto E.
Published: March 2020

We report on the synthesis of cubic-phase garnet-type solid-state electrolytes based on Bi-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO). Bi aliovalent substitution of Zr in LLZO utilizing the Pechini processing method is employed to synthesize Li7−xLa3Zr2−xBixO12 compounds. A strong dependence of the ionic conductivity on Bi content is observed, and under our synthesis and sintering conditions, a >100-fold increase over the un-doped sample is observed for x=0.75. Cubic-phase Li6La3Zr1BiO12 compounds are generated upon annealing in air in the temperature range 650 °C–900 °C. In contrast, in the absence of Bi, the cubic garnet phase of Li7La3Zr2O12 is not formed below 700 °C and a transformation to the tetragonal phase is observed at ∼900 °C for this un-doped compound. The role of Bi in lowering the formation temperature of the garnet cubic phase and in the ionic conductivity improvements is investigated in this work. We ascribe the effect of Bi-doping on ionic conductivity increments to changes in Li+-site occupancy and lattice parameters and the reduction in the formation temperature for the cubic-phase formation to rate enhancements of the solid-state reaction. To identify the site occupancy of Bi in the garnet structure, we employ synchrotron extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Our results indicate that Bi additions occupy the Zr-type sites exclusively, to within the accuracy of the measurements.
Surface states on (001) oriented
β
-Ga2O3 epilayers, their origin, and their effect on the electrical properties of Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Lingaparthi R. , Thieu Q. T. , Koshi K. , Wakimoto D. , Sasaki K. , Kuramata A.
Published: March 2020

Surface states on (001) oriented halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown β-Ga2O3 epilayers were explored through the determination of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) as a function of the metal work function using Cr, Cu, Ni, and Au Schottky barrier diodes. SBH is found to be nearly pinned between 1.2 and 1.35 eV in the HVPE grown epilayers. The position of the Fermi level pinning is closely matched with the energy level of the oxygen vacancy [VO(III)] state (EV + 3.57 eV) in the energy bandgap of β-Ga2O3, indicating that Fermi level pinning is due to oxygen vacancy type surface states on (001) oriented β-Ga2O3 epitaxial layers. The Fermi level is found to be relatively unpinned on the bulk β-Ga2O3 (001) substrate, suggesting the presence of lower density of oxygen vacancy states on its surface. Hence, the HVPE growth process was found to be responsible for the presence of oxygen vacancy states [VO(III)] in the epilayer. Moreover, this work highlights the role of these surface states in determining the SBH on β-Ga2O3 (001) epilayers and also explains the reason behind the scattered data of SBH values reported in the literature. In addition to these results, we also showed an increment in the built-in potential and the reduction of reverse leakage current for the epilayer with lower surface state density, which gives a direct evidence of the effect of surface states on the properties of β-Ga2O3 (001) Schottky barrier diodes.
Hermitian second-order methods for excited electronic states: Unitary coupled cluster in comparison with algebraic–diagrammatic construction schemes
Authors: Hodecker Manuel , Rehn Dirk R. , Dreuw Andreas
Published: March 2020

Employing an intermediate state representation (ISR) approach, Hermitian second-order methods for the calculation of electronic excitation energies are presented and compared in detail. These comprise the algebraic–diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator, a hybrid second-order ISR scheme based on traditional coupled-cluster theory as well as two similar approaches based on a unitary coupled-cluster (UCC) ansatz. Although in a strict perturbation-theoretical framework all prove to be identical, differences emerge when the corresponding converged cluster amplitudes are used and depending on how the similarity-transformed UCC Hamiltonian is evaluated. The resulting excitation energies, however, do not significantly differ for systems well described by means of perturbation theory.
Simulation study of the effects of phase separation on hydroxide solvation and transport in anion exchange membranes
Authors: Chen Chen , Arntsen Christopher , Tse Ying-Lung Steve
Published: March 2020

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) can be cheaper alternatives than proton exchange membranes, but a key challenge for AEMs is to archive good ionic conductivity while maintaining mechanical strength. Diblock copolymers containing a mechanically strong hydrophobic block and an ion-conducting hydrophilic block have been shown to be viable solutions to this challenge. Using our recently developed reactive hydroxide model, we investigate the effects of block size on the hydroxide solvation and transport in a diblock copolymer (PPO-b-PVBTMA) in its highly hydrated state. Typically, both hydroxide and water diffusion constants decrease as the hydrophobic PPO block size increases. However, phase separation takes place above a certain mole ratio of hydrophobic PPO to hydrophilic PVBTMA blocks and we found it to effectively recover the diffusion constants. Extensive analyses reveal that morphological changes modulate the local environment for hydroxide and water transport and contribute to that recovery. The activation energy barriers for hydroxide and water diffusion show abrupt jumps at the same block ratios when such recovery effects begin to appear, suggesting transformation of the structure of water channels. Taking the advantages of partial phase separation can help optimize both ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of fuel cell membranes.
Modulating the emission of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals via thermally varying magnetic field of La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.9(Ni/Co)0.1O3
Authors: Sandeep K. , Reshmi C. P.
Published: March 2020

The role of the magnetic field in the emission properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals is investigated using magnetic materials, La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.9Co0.1O3 and La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.9Ni0.1O3. The ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition point of these magnetic materials is near room temperature, and the intensity of the magnetic field can be controlled by changing the temperature. An increase of 51% and 33% is observed in the emission intensity of the CsPbBr3 perovskites, on increasing the temperature from 10 °C to 35 °C, in the presence of La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.9Ni0.1O3 and La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.9Co0.1O3, respectively. At lower temperatures, the samples are magnetic due to their ferromagnetic nature, and on increasing the temperature, they become non-magnetic. Magnetic materials as well as CsPbBr3 nanocrystals possess perovskite crystal structure, and this might be playing an important role in transmitting the magnetic field. By understanding the role of the magnetic field in the emission of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals, magnetic materials can be used to control the properties of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals for light energy harvesting and opto-electronic applications.
Fatty acid profile, antioxidative status and dietary value of the breast muscle of broiler chickens receiving glycine-Zn chelates
Authors: Winiarska-Mieczan Anna , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna , Baranowska-Wójcik Ewa , Szwajgier Dominik , Zaricka Ewa
Published: March 2020

In the present study we aimed to examine the effect of glycine-Zn chelates (ZnGly) used in amounts corresponding to 0, 100, 50 or 25% of the requirement of this element on the fatty acids profile, antioxidative status, and dietetic value (atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H)) of breast muscles in broiler chickens. Two hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were split into four equipotent experimental groups (assigned to 20 cages, 10 chicks in each, replicated five times): control, ZnGly-100, ZnGly-50 and ZnGly-25. The broilers received feed and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted 42 days. Significant differences in the content of respective fatty acids in the meat of chickens receiving ZnGly were observed in comparison to the control group; but they were not directional changes. A positive effect (P < 0.05) of Zn-Gly on certain indices of meat determined by the oxidoreductive status of the body or regulating such status was noted: superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde. A significant effect of ZnGly on the dietetic value of broiler chickens’ breast meat was noted: the highest (P < 0.05) AI value was found in the ZnGly-50 and ZnGly-25 groups, and TI value in the ZnGly-25 group. The h/H relationship can be presented as ZnGly-25 < ZnGly-50 < ZnGly-100 < control group. To improve the dietetic value and to increase the oxidative stability of breast muscle meat, broiler chickens must receive ZnGly in an amount corresponding to more than 25% of the requirement of this element.
Local population density affects pollinator visitation in the endangered grassland daisy Rutidosis leptorhynchoides (Asteraceae)
Authors: Courtice Ben , Hoebee Susan E. , Sinclair Steve , Morgan John W.
Published: March 2020

The spatial arrangement of plants has implications for their pollination. Dense patches of flowering plants can result in increased pollinator attraction and, consequently, higher pollination and seed set per flower. We investigated this effect in the endangered, self-incompatible Australian daisy Rutidosis leptorhynchoides F.Muell. (Asteraceae) by quantifying the effect of plant density on pollinator visitation and seed set in a wild population. Pollinator activity was investigated by direct observation of insect behaviour, by examining the pollen carried on candidate insect species, by video monitoring of visitation, and by tracking the movement of dye as a pollen analogue. Two native Lasioglossum species (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) were identified as the most frequent pollen-carrying visitors to inflorescences. Their visitation was significantly higher where plants were dense, but no statistical correlation between seed set and plant density was found. Florivory was identified as potentially having a substantial negative influence on seed set, but without any clear relationship to plant density. Given that R. leptorhynchoides has declined substantially across its range, and previous reintroduction attempts have often failed, our findings provide key information pertaining to knowledge of pollinator and florivore behaviour in relation to plant density. To maximise success of future management strategies, these animal-plant interactions should be captured in species recovery designs.
High levels of engagement with testing for HIV and sexually transmissible infection among gay Asian men in Sydney and Melbourne: an observational study
Authors: Murray Danielle , Mao Limin , Wong T.-H. (Horas) , Chen Tim , Mackie Brent , Kao Shih-Chi , Mahee Azizul Haque , Dabbhadatta Jeffrey , Prihaswan Priyadi , Stackpool Gabrielle , Brooks Megan , Brown Graham , Lewis David
Published: March 2020

Background
Gay and other men who have sex with men of Asian background (GAM) have been identified as a key population in efforts to eradicate HIV in New South Wales. The aims of the present study were to evaluate current levels of engagement with HIV and sexually transmissible infection (STI) testing services, assess knowledge of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis and to identify factors associated with service engagement in this group. Methods: A survey of 604 GAM residing in Sydney and Melbourne was undertaken. Results: The data identified that a significant proportion of non-HIV-positive men (i.e. HIV-negative men and men whose HIV status was unknown) surveyed (n = 567; 93.9%) had engaged in frequent HIV testing and comprehensive STI testing in the 12 months prior to the survey (n = 180; 31.7%). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in sexual practices at the bivariate level between those who reported frequent and comprehensive HIV/STI testing and those who did not. Those who tested regularly were substantially more sexually active, were more likely to have multiple partners (P = 0.001) and were more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse with both casual (P < 0.001) and regular (P = 0.002) partners. Those who engaged with testing initiatives were more likely to discuss HIV status with both regular (P = 0.008) and casual (P < 0.001) partners, and identified more reasons to test than their counterparts (P < 0.001). The data also highlighted key service venues, with gay men most likely to have used public sexual health clinics (46.9%) as their most recent testing venue. Conclusions: The data demonstrate an association between high levels of male-to-male sexual activity and engagement in frequent and comprehensive HIV and STI testing. This likely derives from both self-perceived notions of risk and current reliance on established gay community organisations to convey information around testing. Increasing engagement with testing initiatives beyond GAM who self-identify as being at high HIV and STI risk will require the use of novel routes by which to disseminate this information.
Severe acute hypokalaemia associated with piperacillin/tazobactam in an HIV-infected patient under antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir alafenamide: case report and literature review
Authors: Tai Cheng-Chun , Chou Ruey-Yi , Guo Jiun-Yu , Chen Hsin-Pai
Published: March 2020

Piperacillin/tazobactam is a commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is increasingly being used in antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV. Herein we report a case of a 57-year-old male with AIDS receiving TAF-containing ART in whom severe refractory hypokalaemia developed after coadministration of piperacillin/tazobactam for suspected hospital-acquired infection. Upon withdrawal of piperacillin/tazobactam, serum potassium concentrations returned to normal within 2 days. Hypokalaemia is a rare adverse effect of piperacillin/tazobactam and may be aggravated with the underlying use of TAF. We also reviewed past reported cases of hypokalaemia after piperacillin/tazobactam administration. We want to highlight that a more cautious approach should be considered when combining piperacillin/tazobactam and TAF in clinical practice.
Keeping an eye on body parts
Authors: Baranyiné Kóczy Judit
Published: March 2020

The notion of embodiment refers to the bodily basis of human perceptions about the environment, and also structures our conceptual system (Gibbs 2005; Johnson 1987). This is most evidently manifested in the conceptualizations of body parts and organs and their metaphorical extension to various target domains, illustrated by the metaphor of understanding/knowing is seeing, which was considered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 1999) and Sweetser (1990) being universally prevalent. This claim was supported by a range of cross-linguistic studies in English (Alm-Arvius 1993; Danesi 1990; Ibarretxe-Antuñano 1999, 2002; Sweetser 1990; Viberg 2008; Yu 2008), but also debated by others (Evans and Wilkins 2000; Sharifian 2011), pointing to the fact that the conceptual links between perceptual modalities and abstract domains are grounded in cultural models (Kövecses 2000; Sharifian et al. 2008; Yu 2008), hence they can be regarded as cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2017).

In line with the cross-linguistic research on the metaphorical mappings of vision, the present chapter aims at unveiling the conceptualizations of Hungarian szem ‘eye’, in order to test whether the expressions that derive from it primarily represent the eye as the seat of thinking/knowing/understanding. According to the results, it is argued that beside the conceptualizations of perception, emotion and interpersonal power, the understanding is seeing metaphor is present in the Hungarian expressions. However, conceptualizations of the eye in Hungarian are also connected to cultural values. For example, some expressions such as szemfedél ‘eye-cover’, szemmel verés ‘beating with the eyes’ and szemfényvesztés ‘deception, subtleness’ are based on cultural schemas. The chapter further demonstrates that, as part of conceptualization, some spatial orientations attached to the eye may take on certain evaluations, as exemplified in the case of szeme közé ‘into between his eyes’ and its dominantly negative attribution. In this way, the chapter is a contribution to prove the interface between body, language and culture.
Conceptualisations of entrails in English and Polish
Authors: Waśniewska Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses various conceptualisations of the intestines in the English and Polish language system and examines the surface linguistic expressions that make explicit the position which the body part occupies within the two conceptual systems. The study, by no means exhaustive, is an attempt to analyse the various roles that the guts play in the human experience, explain how these diverse perceptions came to function in our thoughts and language, and demonstrate the parallels that can be drawn between the conceptualisation of the bowels in the two distantly related languages.
Cultural conceptualisations of nawsk ‘belly/stomach’ in Kurdish
Authors: Nosrati Vahede
Published: March 2020

Conceptualisations of body parts across languages have received a great deal of attention in recent years (Ameka, 2002; Frank et al., 2008; Maalej & Yu, 2011; Sharifian et al., 2008; Yu, 2009). Nevertheless, there have been no systematic studies examining the conceptualisations of body parts, and in particular nawsk ‘belly/stomach’, in Kurdish. To that end, the present study employs the analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics (Sharifian, 2011, 2017b) to explore Kurdish expressions of nawsk and their underlying cultural conceptualisations. The data consists of naturally occurring expressions collected through a variety of sources including a questionnaire, Kurdish online data, dictionaries, and narratives. Other sources included the author’s intuition as a native speaker and a number of Kurdish native speaker interviews. The results indicate that the body part nawsk functions as the main conceptual basis for a large number of conceptualisations in Kurdish. Nawsk is conceptualised as the locus of a wide range of emotions, attitudes, and moods. It is associated with both positive and negative emotions such as love, courage, sadness, curse, and anger. Overall, it is revealed that in Kurdish, nawsk is conceptually associated with expressing feeling, wanting, and thinking. Nawsk is metaphorically conceptualised as a container.