bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary Predicates
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 114-127
Switch-Reference in Barai
Authors: Olson Mike
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 140-156
Taxonomy, Description, Definition, Explanation: Special Case: Pronouns
Authors: Justice David
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 96-105
Thematicization and Aspects of the Verbal Morphology in Burmese: The Principles of Organization
Authors: Thurgood Graham
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 254-267
“Bonjour, hello?”: Negotiations of Language Choice in Montreal
Authors: Heller Monica S.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 588-597
A Semantic Argument for Complex Predicates
Authors: Hoeksema Jack
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Binding Connectivity in Copular Sentences
Authors: Jacobson Pauline
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Predicate Logic with Anaphora
Authors: Dekker Paul
Published: June 2015

In this paper I make a case for a separate treatment of (singular) anaphoric pronouns within a predicate logic with anaphora (PLA). Discourse representation theoretic results (from Kamp 1981) can be formulated in a compositional way, without fid­dling with orthodox notions of scope and binding. In contrast with its predecessor dynamic predicate logic (Groenendijk and Stokhof 1991), the system of PLA is a proper extension of ordinary predicate logic and it has a genuine update semantics. Moreover, in contrast with other compositional reformulations of DRT, the seman­tics of PLA remains well within the bounds of ordinary, extensional type theory.
Thetic and Categorical, Stage and Individual, Weak and Strong
Authors: Ladusaw William A.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
What Do Reciprocals Mean?
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Kanazawa Makoto , Mchombo Sam , Peters Stanley
Published: June 2015

Research on reciprocals has uncovered a variety of semantic contributions that the reciprocal can make, creating problems for proposals that the reciprocal unambiguously means something weak (e.g., Langendoen 1978). However, there is no real evidence that reciprocals are ambiguous, despite previous claims to the contrary (e.g., Fiengo and Lasnik 1973). First, we classify the apparently heterogeneous list of meanings proposed in previous research into a natural taxonomy, showing how they arise from a small stock of logical operations and predicates. Second, we exhibit a partial ordering of the various reciprocal meanings according to logical strength, which we make crucial use of in determining what reciprocals mean in each specific context where they appear. Third, we hypothesize that a reciprocal statement expresses the strongest candidate meaning that is consistent with known properties of the relation expressed by the scope of the reciprocal. This hypothesis is supported by analysis of a large collection of examples we have gathered from various corpora.
When Variables Don't Vary Enough
Authors: Beaver David
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A New Predictive Theory of Presupposition Projection
Authors: George Benjamin R.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Almost Everything Is Relative in the Caucasus
Authors: Caponigro Ivano , Polinsky Maria
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Beyond Truth Conditions: The Semantics of "most"
Authors: Hunter Tim , Halberda Justin , Lidz Jeffrey , Pietroski Paul
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Comparative Correlatives as Anaphora to Differentials
Authors: Brasoveanu Adrian
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Events in Space
Authors: Deal Amy Rose
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Experiments on the Role of the Question Under Discussion for Ambiguity Resolution and Implicature Computation in Adults
Authors: Zondervan Arjen , Meroni Luisa , Gualmini Andrea
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Islands of Contradiction: Presuppostion and Negative Islands
Authors: Abrusán Márta
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Letting negative polarity alone for "let alone"
Authors: Toosarvandani Maziar
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Multiple Incremental Themes and Figure/Path Relations
Authors: Beavers John
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Perspectives on Concealed Questions
Authors: Roelofsen Floris , Aloni Maria
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Presupposition Projection: the New Debate
Authors: Schlenker Philippe
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Alternative vs Polar Questions: the cornering effect
Authors: Biezma Maria
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Quantifed possessives and direct compositionality
Authors: Francez Itamar
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Restrictions on the Meaning of Determiners: Typological Generalisations and Learnability
Authors: Hunter Tim , Lidz Jeffrey , Wellwood Alexis , Conroy Anastasia
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Semantics of Slavic anaphoric possessive determiners
Authors: Zuber Richard
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Strict Identity, Coherence, and Parallelism in VP Ellipsis
Authors: Kim Christina , Runner Jeffrey T.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The Puzzle of quasi prima 'almost before' and quasi dopo 'almost after'
Authors: Amaral Patricia , Del Prete Fabio
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
'Even' and Biased Questions: The Case of Spanish 'Siquiera'
Authors: Alonso-Ovalle Luis
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Hamblin Semantics for Evidentials
Authors: Murray Sarah E.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Another additive particle
Authors: Thomas Guillaume
Published: June 2015

It is shown that "another" has an additive interpretation when it combines with Measure Phrases or Numeral Phrases. A number of discourse sensitive properties of additive "another" are studied, and it is argued that these are best accounted for by assuming that additive "another" is anaphoric to a Question Under Discussion, in a model of discourse inspired by Roberts 1996 and Buring 2003. The relation between the interpretation of additive "another" and Focus and Contrastive Topics is discussed. It is argued that additive "another" does not associate with Focus, but that an analysis in terms of association with Contrastive Topics is possible, although the details of this last point are left for further research.
CF-reduplication in English: Dynamic Prototypes & Contrastive Focus Effects
Authors: Song Myounghyoun , Lee Chungmin
Published: June 2015

CF-reduplications refer to three different levels of a category: the prototype of a category, the subcategories in a category or a category itself. The CF-marked modifier receives the intension of a base word and produces a contingently determined denotation of CF-reduplications, on the basis of dynamic prototypes in the minds of speakers. The Contrastive Focus exhaustively selects the denotation of the CF-reduplications out of immediately relevant alternatives in the discourse with the exclusive implication that only the denotation of the reduplicated expression is intended by speakers. CF-reduplications semantically have dynamically changing denotations and pragmatically facilitate the communication between speakers with contrastive focus effects.
Conditional inversion and GIVENNESS
Authors: Biezma Maria
Published: June 2015

This paper provides support for the claim that non-canonical word-order adds “extra meaning” to natural language utterances (Prince). In particular, it tells us about the informational status of the constituents. The case study in this paper is subject-auxiliary inversion in conditional antecedents. I argue that subject-auxiliary inversion in conditional antecedents indicate that the antecedent is GIVEN (Schwarzschild 1999). This proposal explain further pragmatic inferences such as why inverted conditionals are particularly good as reproaches.
Dynamic Pragmatics, or. Why We Shouldn't be Afraid of Embedded Implicature
Authors: Simons Mandy
Published: June 2015

This paper examines a particular case of embedded pragmatic effect, here dubbed "local pragmatic enrichment". I argue that local enrichment is fairly easily accommodated within semantic theories which take content to be structured. Two standard approaches to dynamic semantics, DRT and Heimian CCS, are discussed as candidates. Focusing on cases of local enrichment of disjuncts in clausal disjunctions, I point out that in these cases, local enrichment is driven by global felicity requirements, demonstrating that the local/global distinction is not a simple dichotomy.
Expressing Indifference: Spanish Un NP Cualquiera
Authors: Alonso-Ovalle Luis , Menendez-Benito Paula
Published: June 2015

Across languages, we find indefinites that trigger modal inferences. Some of these indefinites, like Spanish "un NP cualquiera" or the Korean "-na" indeterminates (Choi 2007) convey indifference on the part of an agent. In this paper, we assess whether a number of proposals on the market can be extended to account for the indifference component of un NP cualquiera.
Front matter
Authors: Ashton Neil , Chereches Anca , Lutz David
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 21st Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 20 - May 22, 2011.
Interpreting Bare Nouns: Type-Shifting vs. Silent Heads
Authors: Izumi Yu
Published: June 2015

Bare noun phrases in article-less languages such as Japanese have a variety of interpretations. There are two competing approaches to the semantics of bare noun phrases: one is to appeal to type-shifting to derive various interpretations, and the other is to introduce more structure, i.e., silent determiners. I present an argument against the latter silent-head approach based on the behaviors of phonologically null arguments in Japanese. The silent-head approach has difficulties in explaining the semantics of null arguments, whatever syntactic analysis of null arguments turns out to be correct. The type-shifting approach to bare noun phrases, by contrast, easily accounts for the semantics of null arguments.
Nouwen's Puzzle and a Scalar Semantics for Obligations, Needs, and Desires
Authors: Lassiter Daniel
Published: June 2015

Nouwen (2010a,b) presents a puzzle involving the interaction of degree expressions and modals: a class of apparently unremarkable sentences expressing minimum and maximum requirements, obligations, desires, etc. are predicted to be trivially false or undefined, or receive otherwise incorrect truth-conditions. I suggest that the puzzle can be resolved if we treat the affected modals not as universal quantifiers over possible worlds but instead as scalar expressions which map propositions to points on a scale of expected utility. Independent arguments indicate that these modals are scalar, non-monotonic, and information-sensitive -- facts which are highly problematic for quantificational theories, but predicted immediately by the proposed scalar semantics. With no extra modification, this semantics also predicts the correct truth-conditions for Nouwen's examples, modulo some subtleties involving epistemic interpretations of minimum and maximum operators. These conclusions provide additional evidence in support of previous work arguing that the semantics of obligation and desire should be built around a non-monotonic scalar semantics rather than quantification over possible worlds.
The Presuppositions of Soft Triggers aren't Presuppositions
Authors: Romoli Jacopo
Published: June 2015

Presupposition triggers can be divided in two groups on the basis of whether the presuppositions they give rise to are easily defeasible or not. Abusch (2002) calls these two groups “soft” and “hard” triggers. In this paper I argue that the “presuppositions of soft triggers” is a label that actually identifies meaning components that sometimes arise as plain entailments and sometimes as scalar implicatures. I propose a way to derive them based only on alternatives and an independently justified theory of scalar implicatures. This will be able to explain how and when these inferences can be suspended, while also accounting for the “regular” projection behavior when they are not suspended. Furthermore, the proposed system will also account for puzzling cases arising from the interaction between the presupposition of soft triggers and scalar implicatures.
Unconditional concealed questions and Heim's ambiguity
Authors: Frana Ilaria , Rawlins Kyle
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we investigate Concealed Questions (CQs) in the context of headed unconditionals. We observe that although CQs are licensed in unconditionals, the distribution of readings involved in Heim’s Ambiguity (Heim 1979) does not match that found in attitude contexts. Furthermore, the distribution of readings varies by verb class (epistemic vs. communication verbs). We propose that unconditional concealed questions involve questions derived from the denotation of the DP via a specially devised type-shifter, and show how this can block the unwanted readings in exactly the right cases. Heim’s ambiguity, we suggest, is not a unitary phenomenon, and a hybrid concept/question-based account is necessary to derive the right readings in the right contexts.
A further insight into the syntax-semantics of pluractionality
Authors: Iordăchioaia Gianina , Soare Elena
Published: June 2015

In this paper we aim at a better understanding of the syntax-semantics of pluractional operators (POs) as markers of verbal plurality (Lasersohn 1995, Van Geenhoven 2004, Laca 2006). While previous literature argues or assumes that POs are (possibly lexical) plural operators that attach at the V-level, we bring evidence in favor of a treatment of POs as Aspect-level operators that bind plural event variables (as in Ferreira 2005). We formulate our claims on the basis of the Romanian supine, the nominal form of which has previously been argued to carry a PO (Iordăchioaia & Soare 2008).
A uniform analysis for concessive at least and optative at least
Authors: Grosz Patrick Georg
Published: June 2015

This paper discusses a particular type of optative constructions (which are constructions that express a wish without containing an overt lexical item that means wish): If-clauses in which optativity is apparently licensed by 'at least'. I propose that the connection between 'at least' and optativity is indirect and can be explained as follows. On the one hand, if-clauses generally have an optative reading; on the other hand, optative 'at least' is an instance of concessive 'at least', which conveys desirability and thus supports ('cues') an optative reading. I propose that, as a consequence, the licensing of optativity by 'at least' is a semantic conspiracy: I argue that there is a pragmatic preference for using optativity cues, which blocks optative readings in cue-less utterances.
Compositionality without word boundaries: (the) more and (the) most
Authors: Szabolcsi Anna
Published: June 2015

This paper seeks to illustrate the advantages of not treating phonological words as distinguished building blocks in compositional semantics. Following Bobaljik 2012, we derive the relative readings of amount superlatives in two steps, [[[d-many] comparative] superlative]. The existence of two comparative constructions is revealed, involving more vs. the more. Each builds a different superlative construction, explaining the conflicting intuitions about superlatives in the literature, as well as puzzles relating to the definite article in superlatives.
Degrees of Countability: A Mereotopological Approach to the Mass/Count Distinction
Authors: Grimm Scott
Published: June 2015

Most formal semantic treatments of countability aim to account for a binary count/non-count distinction through the use of mereology, or part-structures. This paper discusses data from Welsh, which possesses three categories of grammatical number, distinguishing a collective/singulative class under which fall entity types such as 'collective aggregates' (swarming insects, vegetation) and 'granular aggregates' (sand). I show that standard mereological accounts turn out not to be sufficiently expressive to account for this broader typological data. I then argue that it is necessary to enrich mereology with connection relations that model ways in which the referents of nouns may come together, resulting in the more expressive mereotopology. I show that this extension leads to faithfully modeling the degrees of countability found in Welsh and overcomes well-known problems for classical mereological accounts, e.g., the "minimal parts" problem.
Epistemic particles and perfomativity
Authors: Kaufmann Magdalena , Kaufmann Stefan
Published: June 2015

The German discourse particles ‘ja’ and ‘doch’ both mark the information expressed by their host sentence as somehow given, obvious, or uncontroversial (McCready & Zimmermann 2011 call them ‘epistemic particles’). Two things are puzzling: (i) despite its ‘epistemic’ nature, ‘doch’ can appear in imperatives and with performative modals; (ii) despite their similarity, ‘ja’ is unacceptable in imperatives and forces a descriptive reading of modal verbs. We explain (i) by assuming that the performativity of modalized propositions depends on certain contextual constellations which may conflict with constraints imposed by the particles. To account for (ii), we offer an analysis for ‘ja’ and ‘doch’ that explains the inviolable ban against ‘ja’ (but not ‘doch’) from performative modal contexts in terms of defeasible inferences about the context.
Gradation in modified AdjPs
Authors: Castroviejo-Miro Elena
Published: June 2015

The goal of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the composition processes underlying DegPs headed by "how" that include an adjective that is in turn modified. These include "how extremely high", "how politically incorrect" and "how damn important". The focus here is on adverbs such as "extremely", which have been used in the literature on exclamatives as a test of exclamativity, but which have not been given to this date a compositional semantics. I argue that, even if this has been challenged in the literature for Remarkably adverbs such as "surprisingly", "extremely" is a degree predicate, where degrees are not construed as positive numbers on a scale but rather as equivalence classes of individuals (Cresswell 1976). This research has interesting ramifications for the analysis of degree expressions "how" and "so" vs. "very" and "enough) and for the distinction between interrogative and exclamative clauses.
Modal Determiners and Alternatives: Quantity and Ignorance Effects
Authors: Alonso-Ovalle Luis , Menendez-Benito Paula
Published: June 2015

The literature on epistemic indefinites has explored the possibility that different pragmatic competitors give rise to different epistemic effects (Alonso-Ovalle & Menéndez-Benito (2010), Fa ̆la ̆us ̧ (2009)). Like epistemic indefinites, ‘class B modified numerals’ (Nouwen (2010)), such as English at least n, signal speaker ignorance. This paper examines the modal component of the Spanish complex determiner algún que otro, which, like at least n, conveys that the speaker does not know how many individuals satisfy the existential claim. We show that the modal component of at least n and algún que otro differ. Unlike at least n, algún que otro does not determine the minimum number of individuals that, according to the speaker, might satisfy the existential claim. We argue that the epistemic component of algún que otro is an implicature, and, building on the discussion in Nouwen (forthcoming), we contend that the contrast between at least n and algún que otro can also be traced back to the different pragmatic competitors that these items invoke.
Scale exhaustivity and the Modification Condition
Authors: Bochnak M. Ryan
Published: June 2015

This paper pursues a Vector Space Semantics (VSS) analysis of evaluative and extreme adjectives in absolute and comparative constructions, with a particular emphasis on the licensing of measure phrases (MPs) in these environments. I show that the Modification Condition (Winter 2005), which restricts the distribution of MPs with locative/directional PPs and dimensional adjectives, can be extended to account for MP licensing with evaluative and extreme adjectives as well. Importantly, the non-satisfaction of the Modification Condition is entailed when a set of vectors does not exhaust the range of possible values on a particular scale. This observation thus allows us to link a long-standing generalization that scale exhaustivity and MP licensing are crucially related (Bierwisch 1989) with the formal denotational properties of certain linguistic expressions.
Sloppy identity unbound
Authors: Keshet Ezra
Published: June 2015

Reinhart (1983) claims that only pronouns whose antecedents c-command them may give rise to sloppy identity readings. This paper presents counterexamples to this claim; for instance, referring to the famous 1960 televised presidential debate, it is acceptable to say: "Kennedy looked good. People voted for him. Nixon looked bad. People didn't." Despite the fact that the antecedent "Kennedy" for the pronoun "him" is in a previous sentence, this pronoun allows a sloppy identity reading wherein the fourth sentence ("People didn't.") means that people didn't vote for Nixon. To analyze such cases, I first propose an extension to the ~ focus operator due to Rooth (1992), allowing this operator to alter the assignment function used to interpret pronouns. One construction where Rooth places ~ is in the answers to questions. My new meaning for ~ explains why pronouns are so constrained in answers, e.g., "Who does John like? He[=John] likes Mary." Next, I argue for the Question-Under-Discussion (QUD) model of discourse described in Roberts (1996), which theorizes that every sentence is the answer to an explicit or implicit question. Finally, I show that unbound sloppy identity can be analyzed as cases where pronouns are constrained by antecedents in implicit questions. Along the way, I argue that the QUD model is compatible with the coherence relation model of discourse due to Hobbs (1979), explaining how coherence can constrain pronoun reference as well.
The scope and processing of for-adverbials: A reply to Deo and Piñango
Authors: Champollion Lucas
Published: June 2015

Deo & Piñango (2011) propose a novel account of measure adverbials like for an hour that focuses on their puzzling scopal behavior, their ability to shift predicates into iterative interpretations, and the higher processing cost that this shift engenders. The scopal behavior, though not the processing cost, had been previously modeled in classical accounts of for-adverbials (e.g. Dowty 1979; Krifka 1998). Unlike these accounts, D&P do not provide a semantic explanation of the aspectual sensitivity of for-adverbials. I argue that only a synthesis of D&P and classical accounts captures the full empirical picture. This synthesis both restores the explanation of the aspectual sensitivity, and improves on D&P’s account of the scopal behavior. It also opens the door to an explanation of data which suggests that the processing cost of iterativity is not uniform, but varies according to the algebraic properties of the underlying predicates.
'Have', 'with' and 'without'
Authors: Le Bruyn Bert , De Swart Henriëtte , Zwarts Joost
Published: June 2015

The research reported in this paper is part of our attempt to get to a deeper understanding of why 'with' and 'without' are special prepositions in taking singular bare nouns more easily than other prepositions. The paper focuses on the semantics of existential and incorporation 'have', which we take to be the same and to constitute the verbal counterpart of 'with' and 'without'. We propose existential/incorporation 'have' builds relations: it selects one-place predicates and turns them into two-place predicates.
About 'about'
Authors: Rawlins Kyle
Published: June 2015

I provide a compositional account of about-PPs in combination with attitude predicates, content nouns, and as a predicate. The account requires that attitude predicates are properties of content-bearing eventualities, rather than relations that take propositions (or other clause denotations) as arguments. I argue further that the relevant notion of 'content' must be extremely general, allowing for question-like, proposition-like, and hybrid meanings.
Comparative Ellipsis and Variable Binding
Authors: Lerner Jan , Pinkal Manfred
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Front matter
Authors: Simons Mandy , Galloway Teresa
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 5th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held February 24-26, 1995 at the University of Texas at Austin, edited by Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway.
Licensing "any" in Non-Negative / Non-Modal Contexts
Authors: Dayal Veneeta
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Non-Factual "Before" and Adverbs of Quantification
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The Distribution of "si" in Italian Transitive / Inchoative Pairs
Authors: Centineo Giulia
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The SLP / ILP Distinction in 'have'-Predication
Authors: Schafer Robin
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Functional Dependencies and Indirect Binding
Authors: Sharvit Yael
Published: June 2015

The functional analysis of wh-expressions (Engdahl (1986), Groenendijk & Stokhof (1984), Chierchia (1991, 1993)) provides a basis for explaining cases of Indirect Binding, where a quantified expression inside a relative clause triggers a bound interpretation of a variable which is outside its s-structure scope. I show that in these cases the variable is not bound by the quantified expression itself, and argue that Indirect Binding in copular vs. non-copular sentences mirrors the distinction between functional vs. pair-list questions.
Temporal Subordination and the English Perfect
Authors: Spejewski Beverly
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
'There'-Constructions Revisited
Authors: Musan Renate
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Generalized Definition of Quantifier Absorption
Authors: Francez Nissim , Winter Yoad
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Complement Anaphora and Dynamic Binding
Authors: Kibble Rodger
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Free Relatives and "Ever": Identity and Free Choice Readings
Authors: Dayal Veneeta
Published: June 2015

This paper explores three questions about the semantics of free relatives (FRs). One, do FRs have a uniform meaning? Two, related to one, what is the contribution of "ever"? And three, perhaps less discussed than the other two, what is the relation between identity and free choice (FC) readings of FRs with "ever"? It claims that FRs are always definite. "Ever" introduces a type of modality that is independent of the verbal system by enforcing universal quantification over epistemic alternatives to the world of evaluation. In so doing, it endows the FR with properties typically associated with universal quantifiers. There is no formal distinction between identity and FC readings of FRs. The crucial distinctions have to do with the interaction of uniqueness requirements typical of definites, NP-internal modality and episodic vs. non-episodic interpretations determined by tense and aspect.
On Definite Plural NP's and the Meaning of "all"
Authors: Brisson Christine
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The Present Perfect as an Epistemic Modal
Authors: Izvorski Roumyana
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Additive Particles under Stress
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Front matter
Authors: Strolovitch Devon , Lawson Aaron
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 8th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held May 8-10, 1998 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, edited by Devon Strolovitch and Aaron Lawson.
Individual Concepts and Attitude Reports
Authors: Sharvit Yael
Published: June 2015

This paper argues that de dicto reports of the form 'x believes [that ....[DetP the [NP...]] . . . . . ]' are de re reports where the res is the individual concept which corresponds to '[DetP the [NP . . . ]'. This claim is based on the observation that definite descriptions project existence from complement clauses of attitude reports, even in those cases where the reporter and the bearer of the attitude do not have the same description "in mind."
On the Semantics of Exclusion and Inclusion Phrases
Authors: Zuber R.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Temporally Restricted Generics
Authors: Greenberg Yael
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Bare NP's, Reference to Kinds, and Incorporation
Authors: Dayal Veneeta
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Quantifying into Question Acts
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Reciprocals and Cumulation
Authors: Beck Sigrid
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Two Structures for Compositionally Derived Events
Authors: Levin Beth , Rappaport Hovav Malka
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Before-&-After Picture of When-, Before-, and After-Clauses
Authors: Van Geenhoven Veerle
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Adverbial, Descriptive Reciprocals
Authors: Schein Barry
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
"Almost" and Its Kin, Across Categories
Authors: Morzycki Marcin
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
"Be Going To" as a Case of High Aspect
Authors: Copley Bridget
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Front matter
Authors: Hastings Rachel , Jackson Brendan , Zvolenszky Zsofia
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Two Kinds of Universals and Two Kinds of Groups
Authors: Moltmann Friederike
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
When is Situation Semantics Allowed?
Authors: Elbourne Paul
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Embedded Quantifiers in 'Which'- and 'Whether'-Questions
Authors: Sharvit Yael
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Front matter
Authors: Jackson Brendan
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 12th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held March 8-10, 2002 at the University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, edited by Brendan Jackson.
Functional Readings and Wide-Scope Indefinites
Authors: Winter Yoad
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Lexical Alternatives as a Source of Pragmatic Presuppositions
Authors: Abusch Dorit
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Monotonicity and Focus Sensitivity
Authors: Beaver David I. , Clark Brady Z.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The Dynamics of Question and Focus
Authors: Aloni Maria , Van Rooy Robert
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
UNTIL, Aspect, and Negation: A Novel Argument for Two "Until"s
Authors: Giannakidou Anastasia
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Compositional Analysis of Anti-Quantifiers as Quantifiers
Authors: Zimmermann Malte
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Dynamic Semantic Account of the Temporal Interpretation of Noun Phrases
Authors: Tonhauser Judith
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Ambiguity and Anaphora with Plurals in Discourse
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Wang Linton
Published: June 2015

We provide examples of plurals related to ambiguity and anaphora that pose problems or are counterexamples for current approaches to plurals. We then propose a dynamic semantics based on an extension of dynamic predicate logic (DPL+) to handle these examples. On our theory, different readings of sentences or discourses containing plu­rals don't arise from a postulated ambiguity of plural terms or predicates applying to plural DPs, but follow rather from different types of dynamic transitions that manip­ulate inputs and outputs from formulas or discourse constituents. Many aspects of meaning can affect the type dynamic transitions : the lexical semantics of predicates to the left and right of a transition, and number features of DPs and discourse constraints like parallelism.
Bare NPs: Kind-referring, Indefinites, Both, or Neither?
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Bare Singular Reference to Kinds
Authors: Doron Edit
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Contextual Variables as Pronouns
Authors: Martí Luisa
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
"Intermediate Scope" in (Mandarin) Chinese
Authors: Kim Ji-yung
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Milsark's Generalization and Categorical Judgments
Authors: Kuroda S.-Y.
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
On Polar Questions
Authors: Van Rooy Robert , Šafářová Marie
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Quasi-Telic Perfective Aspect in Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan)
Authors: Wilhelm Andrea
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Respective Answers to Coordinated Questions
Authors: Gawron Jean Mark , Kehler Andrew
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
The Semantics of Imperatives within a Theory of Clause Types
Authors: Portner Paul
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Two Japanese Adverbials and Expressive Content
Authors: McCready Eric
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Front matter
Authors: Georgala Efthymia , Howell Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 15th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held March 25-27, 2005, at the University of California, Los Angeles.
How Discourse Adjectives Synchronize the Speaker and the Listener's Beliefs
Authors: Taranto Gina
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Note on Intensional Superlatives
Authors: Bhatt Rajesh , Sharvit Yael
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
A Syntax-based Analysis of Predication
Authors: Beyssade Claire , Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Conditionalized Imperatives
Authors: Schwager Magdalena
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Towards a Montagovian Account of Dynamics
Authors: De Groote Philippe
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
"Even", "only", and Negative Polarity in Japanese
Authors: Nakanishi Kimiko
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Cross-Polar Nomalies
Authors: Büring Daniel
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Direct Comparisons: Resurrecting the Direct Analysis of Phrasal Comparatives
Authors: Bhatt Rajesh , Takahashi Shoichi
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Between Kinds and Properties: Bare Plurals across Languages
Authors: Cohen Ariel
Published: June 2015

No abstract.
Compositional states
Authors: Husband E. Matthew
Published: June 2015

Whether a transitive stative predicate licenses an existential interpretaiton of its subject (EIS) depends on the type of object it has. While previous theories have related this to the object's ability to function as a topic, I present evidence that the quantized/homogeneous distinction between objects better captures EIS and propose an event composition analysis of EIS for transitive stative predicates. This analysis points to the aspectual nature of EIS and also illuminates other aspectual behaviors of stage-level/individual-level states.
Front matter
Authors: Li Nan , Lutz David
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 20th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, April 29 - May 1, 2010 in Vancouver, British Colombia.
Incremental `more'
Authors: Thomas Guillaume
Published: June 2015

The morpheme `more' has been mostly studied as a comparative operator. However, it appears that more can be used non comparatively, as in the following sentence: "It rained for three hours this morning, and it rained a little more in the afternoon." There is an interpretation of this sentence in which the second conjunct is an assertion that it rained in the afternoon, possibly less than three hours. We call this use of `more' incremental. We argue that incremental `more' is a pluractional additive operator. Evidence for such a pluractional semantics comes from the analysis of some restrictions on the use of incremental `more' with stative predicates.
Marking aspect along a scale: The semantics of -te iku and -te kuru in Japanese
Authors: Kubota Yusuke
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes an analysis of two aspectual markers "-te iku" and "-te kuru" in Japanese within a scale-based approach to semantics, focusing on cases in which they occur with degree achievements (or, incremental change of state predicate). It will be shown that the complex telicity and entailment patterns that these aspectual markers exhibit when they occur with degree achievements in Japanese can be explained by analyzing them as operators that change the scale structures of the predicates that they take as arguments.
Modes of comparison and Question under Discussion: Evidence from `contrastive comparison' in Japanese
Authors: Kubota Yusuke , Matsui Ai
Published: June 2015

Based on new empirical evidence from Japanese, we first point out that the previously recognized distinction between explicit comparison and implicit comparison (Kennedy 2009; Sawada 2009) does not fully exhaust the possible types of comparison constructions. The third type of comparison construction, which we call 'contrastive comparison', calls for a finer-grained classification that cross-classifies the three types of comparison constructions in terms of both semantic and pragmatic properties. We will then show that such a refined perspective straightforwardly becomes available once we extend the previous classification with a closer attention to discourse-structural properties of the relevant constructions in terms of the notion of Question under Discussion (Roberts 1996).
ANALYSIS INTO THE SELECTION OF A BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Šateikienė Diana , Janutėnienė Jolanta , Bogdevičius Marijonas , Mickevičienė Rima
Published: June 2015

Today, it is very important to select and install the optimal equipment for the treatment of ballast water in existing ships. Increasing cargo volumes demand for a greater number of ships for transportation and expanded navigation geography as well as result in increased amount of discharged ballast water. Consequently, sea water pollution is increasing and invasive microorganisms appear that the existing flora and fauna are unaccustomed to. In order to protect territorial waters from these invasive species, International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements have been implemented that regulate the quality parameters of discharged ballast water from ships. This problem has become particularly relevant for operational ships, in which ballast water treatment equipment and technical solutions had not been anticipated in the design stage. This article provides a comparative analysis of the treatment equipment of ballast water and the related technical parameters, in order to distinguish the most important equipment criteria. A Carrier, according to its technical characteristics, was analysed together with the water treatment method for operated bulk. An expert evaluation for the characteristics of the technical equipment was established.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZONUZ'S HISTORICAL GARDEN CITY ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Zonouz Hassan Khalili
Published: June 2015

Zonuz architecture has originated from prehistoric era by having worthwhile architectural signs of the Kura – Aras culture related to Bronze Age (3800 BC), as seen in Qiz Qala and Oğlan Qalasi, located about 5 km from the city. This architecture by the dry stone method is standing at the top of the mountain and has been made of field stone which was undoubtedly outstanding in its period. This technique has reached its style as back to back diagonal stones placed within 30–45 different degrees among them with respect to the wall making evolution during the period of 6000 years. This method has been used in all buildings and walls of house-gardens of the city for millenniums appropriately. The technique reveals that instead of brick, natural elements with more resistance have been applied. Availability of travertine is the reason of using it along with mortar in order to constructing the entire city and many other buildings. However, in some cases like Qizil-Korpi bridge plaster has been used and in some others – that needed more strength – a composition of lime and clay is applied. But it can be acknowledged that the structure of the building and foundations is part of the natural environment. Urban areas in this location have developed condition of constructing new architecture and house-garden urban engineering in terms of more convenient natural situation including better utilizing sun light, more appropriate slope as well as plenty of springs – about 360. This is a city with spatial shape which is integrated with natural beauty of Azerbaijan and has created a rare house-garden quality. Although urban engineering and architecture of this city have got an outstanding index and many articles have been published in the field of Geology, Geography, Philosophy and so on, but nothing can be found about its architectural report, techniques and thoughts throughout the resources. The aim of present research is based on finding out topography and climate conditions effecting the architecture and city planning; in this article the author also tries to mention Zonuz architecture and type of architectural spaces and its structures in order to make a better understanding and increasing sensitivity about the building and urban setting, conservation and restoration. In order to come to a conclusion we had to choose a method for this subject and going through library shelves seemed to be real poor; hence we had to do site study and consider actual cultural, technical and historical cases and their relation with topography and city planning.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND INFLUENCE OF THE UNITÉ D'HABITATION, MARSEILLES, FRANCE
Authors: Millais Malcolm
Published: June 2015

The Unité d'Habitation is a seventeen-storey apartment block built between 1947 and 1952 in Marseilles, France. Today the construction of such a building, in almost any part of the world, would hardly be newsworthy; however the construction of the Unité d'Habitation not only attracted global interest at the time, but it can also be seen as one of the most influential buildings of the twentieth century. This was for a number of reasons. The architect was Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris who, better known as Le Corbusier for most of his adult life, was probably the most influential architect of the twentieth century. The building, in many ways, initiated the hegemony of Modern Movement architecture throughout the world. But, perhaps most importantly, it was seen by much of the architectural profession as a prototype for how people should be housed in the future – with consequential major social, environmental and urban impacts. This paper examines the background of the design and describes the construction in detail. It also comments critically on the building's suitability as a model for mass housing, revealing the extent of its various functional failings that have not, as far as the author is aware, previously been exposed.
Probiotics: can they be used to improve oral health?
Authors: Gungor O.E. , Kirzioglu Z. , Kivanc M.
Published: June 2015

The role of probiotic bacteria in improving human health has been an attractive subject for researchers since the beginning of the 20thcentury. They have been used to control gastro-intestinal infections, to promote immunity and to prevent various diseases (allergies, urogenital infections, etc.). However, the use of beneficial bacteria in the field of dentistry has only recently gained interest. Investigation of the effects of probiotic bacteria on oral health has become an important research subject. These studies are still in the early stages, however results show that probiotic bacteria are effective against tooth caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions and oral malodour. This review provides information on the effects of probiotics – well-known for their effects on general health, and therefore more widely used in healthcare – on oral and dental health, in order to promote their use/prescription by physicians and patients.
A Primer on Inflammation for Psychiatrists
Authors: Beurel Eléonore
Published: June 2015

The immune system is critical for maintaining homeostasis. It is composed of multiple cell lineages that act in concert to clear pathogens and insults through orchestrated mechanisms comprising immunological recognition, effector functions, immune regulation, and memory. These functions are dependent on the two arms of the immune system: the innate and adaptive immune systems. Some of the complex mechanisms mediated by these systems are described here, including toll-like receptor activation, cytokine production, antigen recognition, and antibody production. Altogether, the immune system’s actions are tightly regulated to provide protection against pathogens and insults and to maintain homeostasis.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(5):226–231.]
Achieving sustainable spatial development in the Alps through participatory planning
Authors: Nared Janez , Razpotnik Visković Nika , Cremer-Schulte Dominik , Brozzi Riccardo , Cortines Garcia Felipe
Published: June 2015

This article analyzes the legal frameworks of participatory planning in Alpine countries and assesses its role in achieving more sustainable spatial development in the Alps. Our research analyzed twenty-seven legal acts from seven Alpine countries and shows that the role of stakeholder participation in spatial planning has gradually increased. However, participation still remains at a rather unsatisfactory level, mainly because of its pro-forma character and practitioners’ insufficient knowledge on how to implement it. To increase the use of participatory processes, it is important 1) to convince planning stakeholders that participation is a key instrument in ensuring sustainable spatial development and 2) to inform practitioners about participatory methods and techniques.
Temperature dependence of refractive index and of electrical impedance of grape seed (Vitis vinifera, Vitis labrusca) oils extracted by Soxhlet and mechanical pressing
Authors: Vieira D. S. , Menezes M. , Gonçalves G. , Mukai H. , Lenzi E. K. , Pereira N. C. , Fernandes P. R.G.
Published: June 2015

In this report, the temperature dependence of the refractive index and electric impedance of vegetable oil grape seeds extracted from Vitis vinifera (v. Cabernet) and Vitis labrusca (v. Bordo) are investigated by means of experimental techniques. The seeds were collected from wineries located in two cities in the south of Brazil. In both extraction methods, the seeds were dried at 40.0 °C and at 80.0 °C, respectively, before the oil extraction. From optical microscopy and refractometry results, one can see that the grape seed oil extracted by mechanical pressing shows a linear dependence between the refractive index and temperature and has no birefringent residues. From the fitting of the EIS (Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy) data, an equivalent electric circuit composed of a parallel RC in series with a resistor is proposed. The circuit model is in good agreement with the experimental data and provides the electrical permittivity of the vegetable oils investigated.
Rheological properties and physical stability of ecological emulsions stabilized by a surfactant derived from cocoa oil and high pressure homogenization
Authors: Trujillo-Cayado L. A. , Natera A. , García M. C. , Muñoz J. , Alfaro M. C.
Published: June 2015

The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the emulsification method on the rheological properties, droplet size distribution and physical stability of O/W green emulsions formulated with an eco-friendly surfactant derived from cocoa oil. The methodology used can be applied to other emulsions. Polyoxyethylene glycerol esters are non-ionic surfactants obtained from a renewable source which fulfill the environmental and toxicological requirements to be used as eco-friendly emulsifying agents. In the same way, N,NDimethyloctanamide and α-Pinene (solvents used as oil phase) could be considered green solvents. Emulsions with submicron mean diameters and slight shear thinning behavior were obtained regardless of the homogenizer, pressure or number of passes used. All emulsions exhibited destabilization by creaming and a further coalescence process which was applied to the coarse emulsion prepared with a rotor-stator homogenizer. The emulsion obtained with high pressure at 15000 psi and 1-pass was the most stable.