bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular safety of hormone therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Andreev D. A. , Zavyalov A. A.
Published: December 2022

Background. As of 2019, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy in men living in Russia (15.7 % of all cancer cases detected in 2019). Cardiovascular diseases, in particular atherosclerosis, are believed to be the second most frequent cause of death in PCa patients.

Aim. To evaluate cardiovascular safety of hormone therapy for PCa on the example of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists (leuprolide and degarelix), second-generation antiandrogens (enzalutamide), and steroidogenesis inhibitors (abiraterone).

Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of original studies assessing cardiovascular safety of hormone therapy in PCa patients published in 2020–2021 and indexed in PubMed. The results of other meta-analyses and systematic reviews were not included.

The search for publications was performed using the PubMed database and the Google system. The following key words were used for searching: prostate cancer, cardiovascular risks, cardiovascular safety, outcomes, atherosclerosis, etc. We analyzed studies published between January 2020 and January 2022. Articles in English and Russian were selected manually; no filters were applied.

Results. We examined the results of the latest and most relevant original studies assessing cardiovascular safety of key innovative hormone therapies for PCa. The majority of recent studies were based on routine clinical practice; they were registered in highly specialized cancer registers.

Hormone therapy is associated with cardiotoxicity, which increases the risk of non-cancer related death in PCa patients. New, sometimes conflicting evidence is being constantly accumulated. This evidence suggests that the GnRH antagonist (degarelix) has a better cardiovascular safety profile than the GnRH agonist (leuprolide); enzalutamide is safer than abiraterone. Further search for prognostic biomarkers in PCa patients is needed.

Conclusion. More high-quality studies analyzing adverse cardiovascular events in PCa patients conducted in routine clinical practice and registered in the online databases are the next stage to identify benefits of one antitumor drug over another. This will help to choose optimal hormone therapy algorithms for PCa patients and, therefore, increase their overall survival.
Experience of using photodynamic therapy in early stages of penile cancer
Authors: Kapinus V. N. , Karyakin O. B. , Yaroslavtseva-Isaeva E. V. , Popovkina O. E. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin А. D.
Published: December 2022

Background. Penile cancer is a rare oncological pathology. Due to the intimate nature of the affected area and high significance of the organ for psycho-emotional state of the patient, at the early stages of the disease organ-sparing operations are preferred allowing to minimize the effect on patient’s quality of life without affecting oncological results.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of early stages penile cancer using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin E6 derivatives.

Materials and methods. Between 2017 and 2021, PDT with chlorin E6 derivatives to treat early-stage penile cancer was performed in 15 patients between the ages of 29 and 84 years (mean age 56.4 years). Tumor stage was Tin situ–1bN0M0. PDT was performed with preliminary administration of Photolon and Photoran photosensitizers. Laser exposure on the tumor lesions was performed 3 hours after photosensitizer administration using laser device Latus-2 (662 nm), light dose 200–300 J/cm2, power density 0.21–0.41 mW/cm2.

Results. After 1 PDT session, full regression was observed in 11 (73.3 %) patients, partial regression in 4 (26.7 %) patients who underwent 2nd session 2 months later with full effect. Therefore, in all patients full regression of the tumors was achieved. Follow-up duration was 6–56 months. Recurrence was diagnosed in 1 (6.7 %) patient 36 months after PDT, 14 (93.3 %) patients are under observation without signs of local recurrence, among them for more than 4 years – 3 men, more than 3 years – 1, more than 2 years – 3, more than 1 year – 4 and more than 6 months – 3. During the follow-up, no regional or distant metastases were observed in any of the patients.

Conclusion. PDT with chlorin E6 derivatives is an effective organ-sparing treatment method for early-stage penile cancer with satisfactory oncological results without negative effect on patients’ quality of life. In 93.3 % of patients, local recurrence of the disease was not observed; during follow-up no distant metastases were diagnosed. It is necessary to point out satisfactory cosmetic results of the treatment: in all patients, elastic non-deforming scars were formed with full preservation of anatomical structures of the penis, no erectile dysfunction or disruption of urination were observed after PDT.
APPLICATION OF MAGNETOMETRY IN MANTO-TYPE COPPER DEPOSIT EXPLORATION, CASE STUDY: MEYAMI, IRAN
Authors: Mostafaei Kamran , Kianpour Mohammadnabi
Published: December 2022

This study has aimed to introduce a novel strategy for exploring the Manto-Michigan copper deposits, considered a principal copper resource after the porphyry type. Faults and crushed zones have a prominent role in this deposit type, and so we hope to detect unique patterns in magnetic responses that provide a helpful indicator to determine the mineralized zone. Accordingly, we want to test the magnetometry in Manto-type exploration. We performed a magnetometry survey in the Dochileh copper deposit that other researchers have claimed to be a Manto-Michigan type with a distance of 10 meters between survey lines and a spacing of 5 meters among stations on each profile. After processing the required maps, the residual magnetic map does not show any typical dipole magnetic anomaly, but some linear trends exist. One of those linear trends belongs to a faulted and crushed zone with a length of almost 2.5 km and different widths between 50 and 250 meters. The previous mineralized zones indicated by other prospectors who relied more on geological evidence in the Dochileh area have mostly stayed inside this negative value on the residual map. Four new boreholes were made in the negative anomaly to evaluate our hypothesis, and the derived cores confirmed the native copper, malachite, and cuprite mineralization.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF COOLING/LUBRICANT FLUIDS ON THE AMPERAGE DRAW OF DISC CUTTING MACHINES FOR HARD ROCKS
Authors: Mikaeil Reza , Piri Mostafa , Haghshenas Sina Shaffiee , Esmaeilzadeh Akbar , Kanafi Payam Rajabzadeh , Faradonbeh Roohollah Shirani , Hosseini Seyed Mehdi , Asl Mojtaba Mokhtarian
Published: December 2022

One of the most crucial steps in producing dimension rocks is the rock cutting process, which incurs a high cost. The amperage draw of rock cutting machines is a major cost factor of this production process. Determining the effect of factors, such as the machine’s operating configurations, mechanical and physical characteristics of the rock, and type of cooling/lubricant fluid, on the cutting machine’s performance can significantly reduce operational costs. This study evaluates the electrical current consumption of a disc cutting machine during the cutting of hard rocks for producing dimension rocks under different operating conditions and using different fluids for cooling/lubrication. For this purpose, a number of cutting tests were performed under different operating conditions (cutting depths of 0.5, 0.7, 1, and 1.3 cm and feed rates of 45, 60, 75, and 90 cm/min) with five cooling/lubrication fluids, including tap water, soap water with a ratio of 1:40 and 1:20, and a commercial cutting power (Abtarash) with a ratio of 30:10 and 15:10. After examining the relationship between operating parameters and the amperage draw of the cutting machine in the presence of five fluids, several linear and nonlinear multivariate statistical models were developed to predict the amperage draw of the cutting machine. The developed models were evaluated using the t-test and F-test statistical methods. The results showed that using the developed models, the amperage draw of the cutting machine can be accurately predicted from the properties of the cooling/lubrication fluid, including viscosity and pH.
CARBON-BASED RAW MATERIALS PLAY KEY ROLES IN TECHNOLOGY OF THE 21ST CENTURY: INDIAN CASE STUDIES
Authors: Fiket Željka , Saikia Binoy Kumar , Chakravarty Sanchita , Medunić Gordana
Published: December 2022

Coal is a vital carbon-based raw material which is used in the production of various advanced nanomaterials. This particularly holds true for the relevant research and development trends in India. New more environmentally friendly processes are under development with respect to metallurgical coke making and quality enhancement of high-ash Indian coal. Compared with chemical and physical methods, beneficiation of high-ash coal and its combustion by-products with organic liquids (various natural oils) are much more superior in terms of costs, efficiency, and environmental implications. Nanodiamonds have emerged as a key platform for nanoscience and nanotechnology developments. Indian scientists have applied eco-friendly and cost-effective ultrasonic assisted wet-chemical method to low-quality NE Indian coal and the resulting nanodiamond particles could have a wide range of applications in the field of microelectronics, optoelectronics, and biosensing. Also, Indian scientists have been working on ultrasonic-assisted chemical synthesis of activated carbon from low-quality subbituminous coal and its preliminary evaluation towards supercapacitor applications. This article shows that coal is a versatile and valuable raw material which should be saved for future generations at all costs.
BIOPROCESSING OF NATURAL PHOSPHATE ORE WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BACTERIA
Authors: Abdallah Samah S. , Selim Khaled A. , Hassan Mohamed M. A. , El-amir Atef , Farghaly Mohamed G. , Elsayed Samah M.
Published: December 2022

Phosphate ores are in high demand around the world because they are the primary raw materials used in the manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers and other chemicals. Since the grade of the ore is gradually declining, it is becoming economically viable to mine and beneficiate numerous lower-grade deposits, and a significant number of precious minerals are discarded due to the inadequacy of new technological advances. Thus, biological processes are becoming more appealing in mineral processing due to their lower operating costs and potential applications to beneficiate low-grade complex ores through the interaction of bacteria and mineral surfaces, resulting in surface modification and mineral separation via bio-flotation. Staphylococcus aureus was supplied by the mineral bioprocessing lab, CMRDI. Bacterial adhesion measurements revealed a higher affinity for apatite than quartz. A binary mixture containing 12.5% P2O5 and 42.5% SiO2 yielded a concentrate containing 20.15% P2O5 and 33.5% SiO2. Using the bio-flotation process with Staphylococcus aureus and the optimal conditions on natural phosphate ore, a concentrate with 30.25% P2O5 was obtained from a feed containing 21.89% P2O5.
Ranibizumab Biosimilars for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration, Macular Oedema with Retinal Vein Occlusion and Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Arepalli Sruthi ,   Vitreoretinal Surgery and Uveitis, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Published: December 2022

Multiple disorders, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular oedema and myopic choroidal neovascularization require anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments to preserve and improve vision. In the last few decades, a multitude of options has arisen allowing for the best possible results. While the success of these drugs has been indisputable, the expiration or pending expiration of their patents creates an avenue for biosimilar medications to enter the market. These biosimilars can be produced at a discount compared with the original medications, with the possibility of a lower economic burden. However, they do not undergo as rigorous an approval process as innovator medications, leaving concerns about the heterogeneity of their clinical profile or side effects. This review will focus on the available biosimilar treatments, as well as the clinical trials evaluating them.
Immunosuppressive Therapy in Giant Cell Arteritis: Do Steroids Still Reign Supreme?
Authors: Zhao Michael Y ,   McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, Dhanani Ujalashah ,   Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, Charoenkijkajorn Chaow ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, Pakravan Mohammad ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, Mortensen Peter W ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, Lee Andrew G ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA,   Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,   University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,   Texas A and M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA,   Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
Published: December 2022

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in adults, and patients with GCA often present with vision loss that may progress to permanent blindness. For this reason, empirical treatment with corticosteroids is initiated when there is reasonable suspicion of GCA. Corticosteroids have remained the mainstay of treatment for GCA for the past 70 years due to their profound immunosuppressive effects. However, not all patients tolerate or respond adequately to corticosteroids, and prolonged dosages increase the risk for adverse side effects. There have also been recent advances and investigations into alternative immunosuppressive therapies for GCA; specifically, interleukin 6 inhibitors and other alternatives have been approved by the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism for adjunctive use with corticosteroids or for refractory GCA. However, it is unclear whether current immunosuppressive alternatives can conclusively replace corticosteroids in the treatment of GCA and prevention of vision loss. This article reviews the robust immunosuppressive mechanisms of corticosteroids and summarizes clinical investigations of alternative therapies for GCA.
Faricimab in the Treatment Landscape for Retinal Diseases: A Review
Authors: Wu Anna K ,   Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA,   Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, Chong David D ,   Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA, Singh Rishi P ,   Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Published: December 2022

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are a mainstay of treatment for retinal vascular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and retinal vein occlusion. While anti-VEGF monotherapy has helped improve visual outcomes in patients with these conditions, the need for frequent injections and follow-up visits, as well as the varying response to therapy are notable shortcomings. To address this, novel therapies have been investigated as adjuncts or alternatives to anti-VEGF monotherapy. One such therapy is faricimab, the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved intravitreal injection designed to target both VEGF-A and angiopoietin-Tie-2 for the treatment of nAMD and DMO. Clinical trial data thus far support that faricimab produces non-inferior visual and anatomical outcomes to standard anti-VEGF therapy, with longer durability, in these diseases. In this review, details regarding faricimab’s molecular development, clinical trial outcomes, and its prospect as the newest drug in the treatment landscape for retinal diseases will be discussed.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yardımseverlik Değerine Yönelik Algı ve Tecrübeleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÜLER Hatice
Published: December 2022

İlkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yardımseverlik değerine yönelik algı ve tecrübelerinin incelenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada yardımseverlik değerine yüklenilen anlam, yardımsever öğrencilerin yetişmesi için kullanılan teknik ve etkinlikler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji (olgu bilim) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 yılında Ağrı ilinde bir ilköğretim okulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 15 ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencisi ve Ağrı merkezde 4. sınıfların öğretmeni olarak görev yapan 9 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenciler ve öğretmenlerden elde edilen verilerin analizinde tematik analiz kullanılmıştır. Veriler ayrı ayrı olacak şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Aştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlardan bazıları şöyledir: öğrencilerle yapılan görüşmeler sonrasında yardımseverliği yaşlılara, anne-babaya, hayvanlara yardım etme ve komşuya ikramda bulunma şeklinde açıkladıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmelerde ise öğrencilerin yardımseverlik değerini kavramaları için ebeveynlerinin ve kendilerinin öğrencilere model olması gerektiğini, sınıf ortamındaki ve toplumdaki deneyimlerinin yardımsever bireyler olmalarında etkili olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenler yardımsever bir öğrenci yetiştirmek için drama ve rol oynama tekniğini kullandıklarını, okulda değerler eğitimi panosu hazırladıklarını, masal ve videolarla derslerini desteklediklerini belirtmişlerdir.
The Impact of Morpho- and Onto-Genetic Variation on Essential Oil Profile of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent., an Endemic Species in Turkey's Flora
Authors: COŞGE ŞENKAL Belgin , USKUTOĞLU Tansu
Published: December 2022

The objectives of this research were to determine the variations in the amount and chemical composition of the herbage essential oil according to different harvesting periods, and the amount and composition of the dry capsule essential oil in Hypericum heterophyllum. The samples of herbage in four different growth stages as before flowering, beginning flowering, 50% of flowering, and full flowering and dry capsule in full maturity stage were taken from plants in a natural environment. The highest essential oil rate (0.09%) in the aerial parts was recorded before the flowering stage. Also, germacrene-D, δ-cadinene, spathulenol, and α-guaiene in herbage and germacrene-D, caryophyllene oxide, and α-guaiene in the dry capsule were determined as main components. The essential oil content and the components showed variations depending on the developmental stages of the plant and the part used.
Efectos de la fragmentación del Congreso en la función legislativa
Authors: Gómez Lugo Yolanda
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo analiza cómo los escenarios de alta fragmentación parlamentaria han condicionado el ejercicio de la función legislativa. Esta realidad ha dado lugar a prácticas parlamentarias inéditas que han influido en la actividad legislativa desde las elecciones de 2015. Se examinarán cuáles son las tendencias que se observan en relación con la tramitación parlamentaria de las iniciativas legislativas y de los decretos leyes en el Congreso.
Caracterización del microbioma de plantas de banano (Musa × paradisiaca L.) bajo sistemas de producción orgánico y convencional
Authors: Zapata-Ramón Claudia G. , Paladines-Montero Alejandra , León-Reyes Antonio , Ramírez-Villacís Darío X.
Published: December 2022

El cultivo de banano (Musa × paradisiaca L.) es una de las actividades agrícolas más importantes para muchos países y es la principal fruta consumida mundialmente. La fertilización química es una de las prácticas más comunes utilizada para aumentar el rendimiento y productividad de los cultivos. Una gran cantidad de literatura examina los cambios en las propiedades del suelo asociados con diferentes regímenes de fertilización. A pesar del papel fundamental del microbioma en la salud y la productividad de las plantas, los efectos de los diferentes sistemas de gestión agrícola sobre las comunidades microbianas son poco estudiados. Este estudio informa la estructura, diversidad y riqueza de la comunidad microbiana del suelo, rizosfera y hoja de las plantas de banano bajo manejo orgánico y convencional. Se obtuvieron muestras de dos plantaciones bananeras ubicadas en El Oro, una de las provincias con mayor productividad bananera en Ecuador. El análisis se basó en la secuenciación de ADN de la región V3-V4 del gen del ARNr 16S para bacterias y la región ITS2 para hongos. Se encontró un efecto significativo del sistema de manejo en la composición de la comunidad bacteriana y fúngica. En términos generales, bajo un sistema de manejo convencional, la riqueza y uniformidad de la comunidad bacteriana y fúngica aumentó entre las muestras de suelo y rizosfera en comparación con el sistema de agricultura orgánica. El suelo y la rizosfera bajo agricultura orgánica se asociaron con una mayor abundancia relativa de Proteobacteria, Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes y exhibieron una sobrerrepresentación de géneros microbianos conocidos como promotores del crecimiento de plantas, así como géneros involucrados en procesos importantes del ecosistema. También encontramos que los ASV del mismo género responden diferente a los dos tipos de manejo agrícola en el suelo y la rizosfera. Mientras que las comunidades bacterianas en las hojas fueron más similares en ambos tipos de manejo. Comprender cómo los sistemas de gestión de cultivos a largo plazo modifican la diversidad y la estructura microbiana, como se presenta en esta investigación, puede ayudar a diseñar sistemas agrícolas que puedan mantener una alta rentabilidad de los cultivos de banano mediante la estimulación de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento y supresoras de las enfermedades transmitidas por el suelo.
ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías in 2022
Authors: Lantsoght Eva O.L.
Published: December 2022

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The Quality of Online Education for Theoretical Courses of Audiology from the Perspective of Audiology Students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roghani Zohreh , Farahani Saeid , Fatahi Farzaneh , Ghotbi Nastaran , Jalaie Shohreh
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: The face-to-face education was suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. In such situations, online education method was used. In this study, we aim to assess the quality of online education for theoretical courses of audiology from the perspective of audiology students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 audiology students  of the School of Rehabilitation at TUMS. Data collection were a demographic form and two quality and satisfaction assessment questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 17.
Results: There was a significant difference in all subscales of Shourcheh questionnaire among students with different educational stages (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between age (except for social solidarity component) and gender (p>0.05) groups. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in the quality scores among students with different educational stages (p=0.033), but there was no significant difference between age (p=0.300) and gender (p=0.630) groups.
Conclusion: The quality of online education for theoretical courses of audiology at TUMS is high from the perspective of PhD students, while it is low according to BSc and MSc students.
Keywords: Audiology; virtual education; COVID-19; pandemic; students
Neonatal Hearing Screening and Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in the Time Period of COVID-19 Epidemic in the North of Iran
Authors: Panahi Rasool , Nemati Shadman , Akbarpour Maliheh , Nasirmohtaram Sevil , Maroufizadeh Saman , Hosseinian Alemeh
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease, caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Previous reports suggest an association between COVID-19 infection and Hearing Loss (HL). We have investigated the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) results in the time period of COVID-19 epidemic in Guilan Province, north of Iran.
Methods: We analyzed UNHS results from10 major obstetrics hospitals from 20th Mar 2020 to 19th Mar 2021, and compared the total UNHS positive/“refer” and total neonatal HL reports with the same time periods of recent three years. The prevalence of risk factors for HL were analyzed during the same period.
Results: The total number of childbirth was decreased significantly from 27735 birth cases  in Mar 2017-2018 to 18216 births in Mar 2020-2021 (p<0.001), but the total “refer” rate was significantly increased from 63.0 per 1,000 births in Mar 2019-2020 to 79.8 in Mar 2020-2021 (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.19-1.39, p<0.001), and also increased from 74.7 per 1,000 births in Mar 2017-2020 to 79.8 in Mar 2020-2021 (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14, p=0.020). The HL rate increased from 10.3 per 10,000 births in Mar 2019-2020 and from 11.4 per 10,000 births in Mar 2017-2020 to 18.7 in Mar 2020-2021 (OR=1.81 and 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06-3.09 and 1.10-2.44, p=0.028 and 0.015, respectively). The prevalence of preterm birth (p=0.039) and neonatal intensive care unit stay (p=0.016) was increased significantly during Mar 2020-2021.
Conclusion: The chance of “refer” results and neonatal HL, found in the UNHS program, increased during the COVID-19 epidemic in comparison to the past years.
Keywords: Newborn; hearing screening; hearing loss; COVID-19
The Association of Elevated Lactate Level and Rate of Intensive Care Unit Admissions, Endoscopies, and Transfusion of Packed Cell in Patients with Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Golmohamadi Maryam , Nikpour Shahriar , Gachkar Latif , Hoseini Safura Al Sadat
Published: December 2022

Background: Management of patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB) based on chronicity and severity of it can vary from outpatient medical therapy to intensive caring in life-threatening cases. Initial clinical management decision in patients presenting to emergency department with acute GIB is often based on identifying high- and low-risk patients. Patients with high risks of adverse outcomes, such as death or re-bleeding, are more likely to benefit from early, aggressive management, whereas patients with lower risks may be considered for early hospital discharge or even outpatient management. Serum lactate level is generally an indicator of the overall adequacy of peripheral oxygenation. In severe cases of acute GIB, the hemodynamic of the patients disturbs. In this study, we are evaluating whether higher serum lactate level is potentially a biomarker for predicting the future need for special management considerations.
Methods: 168 patients with confirmed acute GIB have entered this study. The serum lactate level of participants was measured and documented as well as their demographic data and their medical history. The participants’ need for ICU admission, blood transfusion, emergent endoscopy, and mortality rate were documented and assessed prospectively.
Results: Patients with higher levels of serum lactate levels were more admitted to the intensive care unit in the upcoming days. Anticoagulant use and abdominal pain prevalence were also significantly different in the study groups (p>0.05). Other assessments were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Higher levels of serum lactate predict a higher probability of ICU admission in patients with acute GIB.
Professionalism in Anesthesiology; A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Samadi Shahram , Shahvari Zahra
Published: December 2022

Background: It is necessary to identify unidentified or less- concentrated issues inprofessionalism and anesthesiology through an extended study. This study was conducted to identify different dimensions of professionalism in anesthesiology among quantitative and qualitative research.
Methods: The present meta-synthesis study was done through a systematic review. The main criteria were to use quantitative and qualitative professionalism studies in which their participants were anesthesiologists. All the published and indexed articles related to professionalism in anesthesiology in PubMed and Google Scholar databases from February 2000 to December 2020 were scrutinized. Searching in these databases was done using the keywords “professionalism” and “anesthesiology”. The abstracts were screened for relevance and full articles were located, and 54 articles were selected. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: Generally, concepts extracted from professionalism in the anesthesiology dimension are classified in six main categories including: promoting professionalism, accountability, legal issues, self-regulation, physician well-being threats and social media, as well as 19 sub-categories.
Conclusion: In this meta-synthesis study, there was an effort to present a new interpretation of the previous studies. This study helped attain a more comprehensive and deeper knowledge about professionalism in anesthesiology and reveal its different aspects which were not assessed in the past. The results revealed issues such as well-being and burnout that need more efforts.
Short-Term Effects of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery on Respiratory and Skeletal Muscles’ Strength
Authors: Mehdinavaz Abdolreza , Najjari Khosrow , Talebpour Mohammad , Zabihi-Mahmoudabadi Hossein , Rajabian Tabesh Mastaneh , Elyasinia Fezzeh , Kor Farhad , Fattahi MohammadReza , Abolhasani Maryam
Published: December 2022

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to weight loss and body fat percentage reduction, but patients are prone to lean tissue loss which itself reduces the quality of life, and increases the risk of deatand h. This study evaluated the effects of bariatric surgery and changes in Fat Mass (FM) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) on the respiratory and skeletal muscles’ strength three months after bariatric surgery.
Methods: After obtaining demographic information, anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis, including Body Mass Index (BMI), FM, FFM,  Percent Body Fat (PBF), handgrip isometric force, respiratory muscle forces and spirometry volumes, were assessed before and three months after bariatric surgery in 50 men and women undergoing this surgery.
Results: Weight, BMI, FM, PBF and FFM isometric muscle force were decreased significantly. In contrast, respiratory muscle forces and respiratory volumes were increased significantly three months after the surgery. Reduction in FFM 3 months after the surgery did not lead to a change in respiratory muscle strength (p-values≥0.05).
Conclusion: According to our findings, FM and FFM along with weight and BMI decrease significantly after bariatric surgery. These alternations were accompanied by a significant increase in respiratory muscle strength but were not correlated with handgrip muscle force changes.
New National Legislation on Electronic Prescription in Iran: A Severe Breach of Medical Confidentiality
Authors: Bahmani Fatemeh , Hashemi Akram , Noroozi Mahshad
Published: December 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
Schleiermacher’in Psikolojik Yöntemi (Hermenötiği) ve Kur’ân’a Uygulanmasının İmkânı
Authors: ÖZAKTAN Fatih
Published: December 2022

Bir metni anlama ve yorumlama konusunda hem hıristiyan dünyası hem de İslâm âlemi kendi kitaplarına olan inancın mahiyetine uygun bir disiplin geliştirmiştir. Modern dönem hermenötikte derin iz bırakan isimlerden biri olan Schleiermacher, Yeni Ahit (İnciller)’i anlama ve yorumlamada gramatik ve psikolojik yöntem olmak üzere iki yöntem önermektedir. Bu çalışmada hıristiyan bir teolog olan Schleiermacher’in psikolojik yöntemi (hermenötiği) hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bu yöntemin tefsîr usûlündeki ilimlerle benzerliği ve kesiştiği noktalar tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, bu yöntemi Kur’ân’a uygulamanın imkânına dair bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda öncelikle Hıristiyanlık ve Müslümanlıktaki kutsal kitap anlayışı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Akabinde Schleiermacher’in psikolojik yönteminde önerdiği sezgisel ve karşılaştırmalı metodun, psikolojik ve teknik görevin tanımı yapılmış ve muhtevası açıklanmıştır. Son kısımda, söz konusu metotların Kur’ân’ı anlamaya ve yorumlamaya katkısının olup olmayacağı değerlendirilmiş ve bu metotların bir benzeri İslâm ilim geleneğinde veya tefsîr usûlünde bir ilim olarak teşekkül etmişse bu da belirtilmiştir. İlaveten bu bölümde Kur’ân metnine doğrudan uygulanması mümkün olmayan psikolojik yöntemdeki metotların tefsîrlere uygulandığında tefsîrlerdeki öznelliği, yakın ve uzak te’vîlleri belirlemeye yardımcı olup olmayacağına dair bir görüş bildirilmiştir.
Kant’ın Eleştirel Felsefesinde Teleolojiden Teolojiye Geçişliliğin İmkânı
Authors: AKIN Ayşe Hilal
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, Kant’ın eleştirel felsefesinden hareketle aklın, evrensel ve koşulsuz olanla kurduğu sınırsız ilişkinin bir parçası olarak teleolojik yargılar incelendi. Bunun için öncelikli olarak Kant felsefesinde telos ve skopos arasındaki ayrıma dikkat çekildi. Doğadaki gayeliliğin kaynağı olarak öznenin bilişsel yetileri ve amaçsız amaçlılık kavramları ele alındı. Kant’ın eleştirel felsefesi içerisinde doğa bilimine, içsel bir ilke olarak Tanrı kavramının getirilmesinin, yanlış inanç şeklinde nitelendirileceği hususu üzerinde duruldu. Bilgimizin sınırlarını aşan bir anlatıya sebebiyet veren bu sınırı aşma faaliyeti, Kant felsefesinde bilginin tesisi süreçleri bağlamında ele alındı. Kant’a göre bu bakımdan teleolojik yargılardan teolojik yargılara yapılan geçişin mahiyeti soruşturuldu. Telosun sonsuzla olan ilişkisi çalışmanın başında ele alındı. Sonrasında doğa içerisinde kendi kendini örgütleyen ve kör bir rastlantısallığı ortadan kaldıran amaçlılık fikri üzerinde duruldu. Doğa biliminin iç ilkesi olarak teleolojik ilkenin zemini soruşturuldu. Bu zemine Tanrı kavramının yerleştirilmesinin imkânı tartışıldı. Kant’ın gayeliliğe yüklediği evrensellik ve zorunluluk hususiyetlerinin yalnızca deneyim zeminleri üzerine dayanmadığına işaret edildi. Bu noktada, evrenselliği yakalamak adına, aynı zamanda a priori bir ilkeyi temel almanın gerekliliği ifade edildi. Bu ilkenin ise niyet (Alm. Absicht) ya da son amaç (Alm. Endzweck) olabileceği ihtimali ele alındı. Koşullu ve sonlu olana tatbik olunan aklın koşulsuza uzanma istemi üzerinde duruldu. Kant’a göre, teleolojik yargılardan teolojik yargılara geçişin sebebinin, fenomenlerde amaçlı düzenliliği görme çabası olduğu ifade edildi. Bu düzenliliği daha yüksek bir telosa ve hatta yaratıcı, ilksel olan bir varlığa götürmenin, aklın zorunlu bir adımı olduğuna işaret edildi. Kant’ın eleştirel felsefesinde, doğa biliminin zeminine bir Tanrı kavramının yerleştirilmesi ve doğadaki gayeliliğin de bununla açıklanması halinde Tanrı’nın varlığını kanıtlamak için kullanılan bu yöntemin içsel ve kalıcı olmayan bir anlatı oluşturacağı hususu üzerinde duruldu. Bu kabulün bir yanılsama olup olmayacağı meselesi tartışıldı. Bu noktada muhayyile yetisinin telos ile icra ettiği görev üzerinde duruldu. Öznel ile evrenselin ortak paydası olarak telos kavramına dair değerlendirmelere yer verildi. Sonuç olarak, insan zihninde var olan sabite (constant) arayışının, onu nedensellik zinciri içerisinde bir Tanrı’nın varlığına nasıl götürebileceği soruşturuldu.
Comparison of Flexible Pavement Geotechnical Parameters in Highways Technical Specifications
Authors: TANYILDIZI Muhammed
Published: December 2022

Flexible pavements, also called asphalt pavements, are constituted of a bituminous surface course, subbase, and base layer constructed over a subgrade. The bituminous surface layer consisting of one or two layers transfers the traffic loads to the lower layers. The subbase and base layers of flexible pavements are constructed to support the surface layers and to distribute the loads from these layers to the subgrade safely. These layers must have the sufficient bearing capacity to support the surface layers and should also be resistant to detrimental environmental effects. In addition, the thickness of pavements is directly dependent on the bearing capacity of the subgrade. The materials used for the construction of the subgrade, subbase, and base layers in Turkey must meet the requirements specified in the Turkish Highways Technical Specifications. The previous specification published in 2006 was replaced by a new specification in 2013, which is still in effect. The current study compares the geotechnical parameters of the Highways Technical Specification published in 2006 and 2013 with a particular focus on flexible pavements. For an appropriate flexible pavement design, the importance of using high-quality and rigid materials that are more resistant to heavy loads, fragmentation, water sensitivity, and wearing effects of freezing and thawing is highlighted.
Source material creation for high content of dry soluble substances F1 cherry tomato hybrids breeding
Authors: Gavrish S. F. , Redichkina T. A. , Topinskiy A. I.
Published: December 2022

Relevance. Consumer demand development of exotic colors presence in modern tomato hybrids requires a timely response from domestic breeders for creating highly effective hybrids. With regard to cherry tomatoes, special attention of breeders is aimed at achieving excellent taste in new hybrids. One of the indicators is the "content of dry soluble substances in fruits". However, there is no information in the literature about the variation of this trait within different color groups of cherry tomatoes. The aim of our work was the creation of initial material for the selection of F1 cherry tomato hybrids with a high content of dry soluble substances.

Materials and methods. All measurements were obtained by the refractometric method and presented in the oBrix scale. The study examined 46 F2 splitting cherry tomato populations, including 17 red, 12 yellow, 7 pink, 8 brown, and 2 purple. Analyzing the obtained data, the following statistical indicators were made: the frequency of occurrence of the variant; arithmetic mean; dispersion; the coefficient of variation; sample mean error. Relative error was used to test the sample results obtained.

Results. The coefficients of variation of the trait «content of dry soluble substances in fruits» were calculated in each of the five color groups of cherry tomatoes (from 17.43% for brown-fruited to 25.13% for red-fruited). The boundaries of variability and average values of the content of dry soluble substances were determined both within the groups (from 7.2 oBr in pink-fruited to 8.8 oBr in yellow-fruited ones), and for each studied breeding sample. The practical result of the work was selection of the most promising breeding material within different color groups of cherry tomato, combining high values of dry matter with a complex of economically valuable traits.
Biochemical content and yield of some cultivars of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Moscow region conditions
Authors: Antoshkin A. A. , Molchanova A. V. , Smirnova A. M.
Published: December 2022

Relevance. Increased demand in Russia for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties of domestic breeding has stimulated the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center of breeding to intensify research on the creation of new asparagus bean varieties of vegetable direction.

Materials and methods. Four vegetable bean varieties – Secunda, Lika, Ulyasha, Si Bemol of the laboratory of selection and seed production of vegetable Legume crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the material for the study. The counts and observations were made according to the Methodology of the State Variety Trial of Agricultural Crops, 1975. The count of productivity was carried out in the technical stage of ripeness by replications. Harvesting was carried out when the biological stage of ripeness was reached. Biochemical studies of plants were carried out in the laboratoryanalytical department of the FSBSI FSVC. The biochemical composition of vegetable bean (green bean) varieties was studied according to the following indicators: determination of the total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid, dry matter, polyphenols, monosaccharides, total sugar content and starch.

Results. Evaluation of samples by aggregate factors contributes to the selection of the most promising and high-quality varieties for their introduction into production. As a result of the research of vegetable bean on the main economically valuable features and biochemical composition for the period from 2018 to 2020, the varieties Lika and Ulyasha were selected. They were distinguished by high productivity of beans and seeds. Green bean variety Lika was noted for the highest total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid and the total of sugars content, the green bean variety "lobio" Ulyasha - high content of polyphenols and the total of antioxidants in the alcohol extract. Stable high yield, adaptive potential and high quality of beans, confirmed by the results of biochemical evaluation, allow us to recommend these varieties for consumption by the population as part of the diet and as an alternative to meat and dairy products.
The potato ladybird beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motsch.): classification, morphology and harmfulness (review)
Authors: Ermak M. V. , Matsishina N. V.
Published: December 2022

The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle belongs to the subfamily Epilachninae, which is comprised exclusively by phytophagous insects. The potato ladybird beetle is a dangerous pest of potato in the south of the Russian Far East. Besides potato, it causes damage to tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, marrows and eggplants. Adult beetles and larvae eat the parenchyma of leaves severely damaging them. As the result, leaves turn yellow and wither. One beetle can eat up to 15 cm2 of leave surface on average per day, and 300-700 cm2 over its lifetime. A larva can eat from 20 to 30 cm2 of leave surface while developing. This significantly reduces the yield. The body of an adult beetle is small (males, 4-6 mm; female, 5-7 mm), dome-shaped, and elliptical. The elytra are yellow or brownish with 28 black round spots. Some spots, especially the ones along the line of junction, can partially merge. The color of the underside of male beetles is lighter than in females. Male beetles have yellow or less frequently darkened prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax, epimera, and the uppermost edge of the sternites of the abdomen. The anal sternite of the abdomen has a curve with two depressions. The underside of a female beetle is black. The uppermost edge of the anal sternite is straight and with a flat depression. The body of a larva is greyish, oval and with numerous setae. There are 4 rows of black chitinous spinules on the back. Depending on an instar, larvae have a different number of projections on the chitinous spinules. Pupae are exarate, light yellow, and have larval skin remnants at the apex of the abdomen. There are two large black spots on the backside of the thoracic segments. The spots on the abdominal segments are smaller. Fairly long protruding setae grow sparsely on the bodies of pupae. Eggs of the potato ladybird beetle are yellow, elongated, with a pointed apex and a flat bottom. The surface of an egg is characterized by a fine cellular structure.
Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’
Authors: Oosterhoff Pauline , Snyder Karen , Sharma Neelam
Published: December 2022

This IDS Working Paper explores the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) and other employment. Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking and labour and sex exploitation. Using a victim-centred participatory approach, we interviewed 33 adults who identified themselves or were identified by others as labour intermediaries.
Dopamin ve Ürik Asit Tayini İçin 2-Boyutlu MoSe2 Bazlı Elektrokimyasal Sensör Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Çoğal Sadık
Published: December 2022

İki boyutlu (2D) geçiş metal dikalkojenit (TMD) malzemeler sundukları üstün özelliklerden dolayı son yıllarda çok dikkat çekmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, TMD malzemelerin önemli bir üyesi olan molibden diselenür (MoSe2) hidrotermal yöntem ile sentezlenmiş ve çeşitli yöntemlerle yapısal ve morfolojik açıdan incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, MoSe2’ün birkaç katmanlı formda elde edildiğini göstermiştir. MoSe2 daha sonra elektrot modifikasyonunda kullanılmış ve dopamin (DA) ve ürik asitin (UA) eş zamanlı elektrokimyasal tayininde uygulanmıştır. Diferansiyel puls voltametri (DPV) ile gerçekleştirilen tayin çalışmalarından DA için 9.98 – 155 µM arasında ve UA için 19.96 – 310 µM arasında lineer tayin aralıkları belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, geliştirilen sensör askorbik asit (AA) girişiminden etkilenmemekte, kararlı ve tekrar üretilebilir özelliklere sahiptir.
Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini
Authors: Güray Tufan , Uysal Ülkü Dilek
Published: December 2022

Karmosin (E122) bir gıda katkı maddesi olarak genellikle gıda, kozmetik ve ilaçlarda kullanılan boyadır. Bu çalışmada, bulutlanma noktası ekstraksiyonundan (CPE) sonra şurup numunesinde karmosinin (KAR) spektrofotometrik tayini için ekstraksiyon aşamasında Brij 58 kullanılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı, pH, Brij 58 (yüzey aktif madde) konsantrasyonu ve Na2SO4 konsantrasyonu gibi bazı parametreler merkezi kompozit tasarımı, Box-Behnken tasarımı ve klasik deneysel yöntemler kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Yöntemin doğrusal çalışma aralığı 0,05 - 4,00 g mL-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu yöntemin gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD); KAR için 0,0018 μg mL-1 dir. Yöntemde KAR'ın geri kazanım değerlerinin %98,00 ve %102,67 arasında olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, bu yeni CPE yönteminin rutin analizde KAR’ın hassas belirlenmesi için hızlı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Investigation of the Usability of Foamed Bituminous Mixtures as Bituminous Base Course
Authors: Erten Kemal Muhammet , Terzi Serdal , Akbulut Hüseyin
Published: December 2022

Materials recycled with foam bitumen are promising materials for pavements economically and environmentally. However, there are different opinions in the literature about how these materials are positioned in the pavement. It is clear that their performances will not be suitable for the wearing course, but that they are used for the plant mixture base course because they contain bitumen, and that these materials will be neglected in the evaluation of these materials. In the study, 4 different foam bituminous mixes prepared with a recycled pavement material and a standard bituminous base course mix were compared in terms of the resilient modulus obtained from the uniaxial indirect tensile resilient modulus test. Gradation is the same for three of the mixtures, two of them use cement as a mineral binder, but 70/100 grade bitumen in one of these two productions and 50/70 grade bitumen in the other. In the third mixture, 70/100 grade bitumen and hydrated lime (HL)+fly ash (FA) were used. In the final mixture, 70/100 grade bitumen and cement were used as mineral binders, but gradation was changed. In addition, permanent deformation control for the final production was carried out with a triaxial cyclic compression test. It was concluded that all these variables affect the results, but the resilience modulus values obtained for all were quite close to those obtained from the bituminous base sample. Considering that the foamed bituminous mixtures will be thicker than the bituminous base course in practice, it is considered structurally appropriate to use this layer instead of the bituminous base course.