bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR E-LEARNING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Jandric Petar
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for curriculum for e-learning. The conducted research is based on two dialectically intertwined pillars. The theoretical pillar consists of the rich critical tradition of inquiry into the relationships between technologies and human beings in wide social contexts from Frankfurt School onwards. The practical pillar consists of Dahlberg’s main strands of Internet research – Uses Determination, Technological Determination and Social Determination (2004). Blending the theoretical and the practical pillar, it is shown that the discipline of e-learning consists of Habermas’s three main spheres of human interests, types of knowledge and research methods – the technical, the practical, and the emancipatory (Tinning, 1992). The conducted research does not include explorations of epistemological basis for combining various theoretical frameworks and research methodologies. For this reason, its results cannot be applied to scientific research without further elaboration. In order to expose students and practitioners to the true structure of the discipline of e-learning, however, results of this research can be confidently applied in practical fields from curriculum development to policy making.
Key words: critical e-learning, e-learning curriculum development, spheres of human interest, e-learning research strands.
Reseña del libro: Aprender y educar sin agotarse. Abordajes desde la Pedagogía Sistémica
Authors: De Piano Rafael
Published: December 2021

Aprender y educar sin agotarse. Abordajes desde la Pedagogía Sistémica trata dos cuestiones paradigmáticas del campo educativo. Investiga en profundidad las situaciones de estancamiento e impotencia que llevan a un estudiante a abandonar su carrera universitaria. Se pregunta ¿por qué algunos estudiantes frente a las mismas circunstancias logran superar los obstáculos y otros no? ¿Cómo acompañar ese proceso de modo que resulte una experiencia de oportunidad antes que una frustración?

Al mismo tiempo, el trabajo aborda herramientas para docentes de diversos niveles de enseñanza que hoy viven las múltiples tensiones de la vida escolar. Situaciones que se cifran en una pregunta, ¿cómo ubicarse frente al fantasma del burnout que amenaza el trabajo pedagógico?
New technical solutions for modernization of designs of four-row clonal potato planter
Authors:   Institute for Technical Support of Agriculture, a branch of VIM, Sidorkin V.I. , Gaibarya M.A. ,   Institute for Technical Support of Agriculture, a branch of VIM, Gapeeva N.N. ,   Institute for Technical Support of Agriculture, a branch of VIM
Published: December 2021

The results of modernization of clonal potato planters are presented to improve the mechanism for adjusting the pitch of planting, which determines the distance between tubers in a row and the density of planting of germinated tubers regardless of the operating conditions of planters and soil-climatic zones of potato cultivation. The design of a variable-speed unit for stepless adjustment of the step and planting density is proposed.
Evaluation of Ultrasonography and CT for Imaging of Head and Neck Pilomatricoma in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Won Seongjun , Cho Ki Ju , Ryu Somi , Seo Ji-Hyun , Lee Jong Sil , Park Jung Je
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives Pilomatricoma is a frequently diagnosed skin lesion of the head and neck that may often be misdiagnosed as other skin lesions. This study evaluated whether ultrasonography (USG) or computed tomography (CT) is the most helpful imaging modality for the accurate preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma in head and neck regions of children and adolescents.Subjects and Method A retrospective review was conducted for 59 patients with pilomatricoma under the age of 19 years. All cases were pathologically confirmed with pilomatricoma in the head or neck.Results Preoperative imaging examinations were performed with USG in six cases and with CT in nine cases. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis was compared between three groups: 1) with clinical findings only, 2) with USG, and 3) with CT. The correct preoperative diagnosis was made in 18 (30.5%) of the total of 59 cases. Using only clinical findings, 10 (22.7%) out of 44 patients were diagnosed as pilomatricoma. With the addition of USG, pilomatricoma was diagnosed in 1 (16.7%) out of six cases, whereas with the addition of CT, 7 (77.8%) out of 9 cases (77.8%) were diagnosed correctly. Preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma with CT imaging was more accurate than clinical findings only (vs. CT; odds ratio [OR]=11.900, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.126-66.615; p=0.001) or USG (vs. CT; OR=17.500, 95% CI 1.223-250.357; p=0.020).Conclusion In the preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma, imaging modalities such as CT and USG are helpful, with CT offering higher diagnostic accuracy and USG procedural benefits in younger children.
TÜRKİYE’DE ULUS DEVLET İNŞA SÜRECİNDE (1923- 1950) KADIN ASKER VE ASKER ANNESİ TARTIŞMALARI
Authors: DALAMAN Zeynep Banu
Published: December 2021

Dünyanın birçok ülkesindeki düzenli ordularda, zorunlu askerlik hizmeti erkek nüfusa yöneliktir. Kadınlar için düzenli orduda askerliğin zorunlu olduğu ülkelerin sayısı azdır. Bu çalışma, erken Cumhuriyet döneminde gündeme gelen ancak uygulamaya sokulamayan kadınların zorunlu askerlik hizmeti tartışmaları üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu tartışmalar aslında kadının kamusal alandaki yeri, Batı’dan alınan bir takım modern kadın imgelerinin iç içe geçmesi ve “Türk kadını nasıl olmalıdır?” tartışmalarının da bir parçasıdır. Bu tartışmaları tek parti dönemi içinde ikiye ayırmak gerekmektedir. Türk kadınına seçme ve seçilme hakkının tanındığı 1923-1935 arası dönemde söz konusu tartışmanın, eşit vatandaşlık kavramı üzerinden “erkekler ne yapıyorsa kadınlar da onu yapabilir” bakış açısı üzerinden yürütüldüğü görülür. Modern Türkiye’de kamusal alanda kadın erkek eşitliğini kapsayan eğitim hakkı, seçme ve seçilme hakkı, eşit koşullarda çalışma hakkı gibi konuların yanında zorunlu askerlik konusu da tartışılmıştır. 1935 sonrası ise bu tartışmalar aniden yok olmuş, hatta bu hakların kazanılmasında büyük katkı sağlayan Kadınlar Birliği kapatılmış ve Türk kadınına ataerkil yapı içinde yeni iş bölümünde “iyi eş”, “iyi anne” rolü verilmiştir. Kadınlar bu dönemde artık kamusal alanda “kadın asker” idealinden “asker yetiştiren anne”, “ideal eş” konumuna geçmişlerdir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın doğurduğu savaş tehdidinin bir sonucu olarak 1939 tarihli seferlik kanunu kapsamında gerekirse kadınlar dahil tüm vatandaşların askerlik görevi ile cepheye çağırılması söz konusu olmuştur. Savaş sonrası dönemin eğitim politikalarında, orta öğretimde askerlik derslerinin ve üniversiteli kadınlara askerî eğitim içeren kursların varlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Deniz Kandiyoti’nin “ataerkil pazarlık” kavramı üzerinden tarihsel süreçte “kadın-asker” söyleminin “asker-annesi” söylemine dönüşmesi süreci birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar kullanılarak ele alınmıştır.
Ferramentas utilizadas durante as transferências de pacientes: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Meireles Tassiana , Bernardino Elizabeth , Borges Fabieli , Silva Olívia Luciana dos Santos , Rorato Camila , Bobrowec Daniele Cristina dos Reis , Carvalho Amanda
Published: December 2021

O estudo aborda a transferência de pacientes entre setores e na alta hospitalar, visando a identificação de protocolos e instrumentos utilizados no momento de transição, que assegurem a continuidade ao cuidado do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar as ferramentas de transferências utilizadas pela enfermagem que contribuem para a continuidade do cuidado. Metodologia: A revisão seguiu seis etapas: definição da questão de pesquisa, delimitação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão/amostragem ou busca dos dados, coleta dos dados, análise dos dados/análise dos achados, interpretação dos resultados e síntese da revisão. A busca foi realizada nas bases: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, Academic Search Premier e PubMed. Aplicou-se a mesma estratégia de busca em todas elas e dois filtros: textos completos e publicados de 2016 a 2021. Resultados: A busca identificou 479 artigos, os quais foram analisados pelo fluxograma PRISMA. Os 8 artigos selecionados ressaltaram o papel do enfermeiro como planejador da alta e/ou transferência do paciente além de que as ferramentas mais comuns que proporcionam segurança e fortalecem o processo de comunicação entre profissionais são baseadas em formulários e a comunicação verbal. Considerações finais: Identificou-se que as ferramentas e estratégias mais utilizadas são a transmissão verbal, os checklists e formulários além de alguns sistemas informatizados que estão sendo desenvolvidos e ganham mais relevância na atualidade. Evidenciou-se a enfermagem com um papel protagonista no tema, o que fortalece a identidade e visibilidade profissional.
Investigating mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt containing iron ore flotation tailing
Authors: Soncim Sérgio Pacífico , Oliveira Jonas Henrique de Carvalho , Almeida Marconi Oliveira de , Oliveira Carlos Augusto de Souza , Belotti Fernanda Maria , Cavalcante Erinaldo Hilário , Resende Lais
Published: December 2021

Studies involving the use of iron ore tailings from the beneficiation process in different market niches are increasingly necessary due to the large environmental damage caused by their disposal in dams, since they are waste generated in high volumes and which have low economic value for mining companies The main purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixture containing iron ore flotation tailing. For this, a mixture containing iron ore flotation tailing and a control mixture with natural aggregates and stone dust were prepared according to the Marshall methodology and tests of stability and flow, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, fatigue test and dynamic creep tests were conducted. Results show that the mixture with iron ore flotation tailing had performed technically appropriate, due to the similarity of mechanical properties of the control mixture. Therefore, the results obtained revealed that the iron ore flotation tailing presented technical characteristics appropriate to its use incorporated into hot mix asphalt. In addition, their use as an alternative material in asphalt pavements can generate environmental benefits by reducing the volume of material deposition in tailings landfills and exploration areas for mineral aggregate mining.
Análise de evidências sobre o conhecimento dos riscos de queda em pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Lima Rhayssa Viegas , Teixeira Renato da Costa , Santos Thais de Oliveira Carvalho Granado , Andrade Ana Gabriela Sabaa Srur de , Mendonça Xaene Maria Fernandes Duarte , Moraes Pilar Maria de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analisar evidências científicas sobre o conhecimento dos riscos de queda em pacientes hospitalizados. Método: adotou-se como método a realização de uma revisão integrativa de literatura - RIL, para identificar e analisar as evidências sobre quedas em ambiente hospitalar. Foram utilizadas plataformas de pesquisa dentre elas Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico com as palavras “queda” “hospitalar” “acidente por queda” “queda hospitalar” “queda de paciente” foram combinadas tanto em português quanto em inglês. Foram incluídos artigos nestes dois idiomas, na íntegra, em um período que compreendeu os últimos 10 anos e que tinham como temática queda em ambiente hospitalar. Encontrou-se na busca 27 artigos e, após aplicados os critérios de exclusão, selecionou-se 12 artigos para leitura mais aprofundada. Conclusão: É importante observação e avaliação constante por parte da equipe de saúde quando se trata de quedas em especial quando o público envolvido é o idoso, podendo se valer de escalas tal qual a Morse FallScale.
Faize Alternatif Bir Finansman Aracı Olarak Karz-ı Hasen Yerine Zekât
Authors: KAAN Enver Osman
Published: December 2021

Zekât, İslam ibadet esaslarından biri olarak farz kılınmıştır. Faiz ise Allah’a ve resulüne harp ilan etmek kadar ağır bir işlem görülerek haram kılınmıştır. Kur’an’ı Kerim’de faiz ile zekât karşılaştırılarak; verilen faizin Allah katında artmayacağı, buna karşın Allah’ın rızası gözetilerek verilen zekâtın kat kat artacağı beyan edilmiştir. Hâlbuki faiz bir borç işlemidir, borç işleminde verilenin geri alınması söz konusudur. Zekât ise geri alınmamak üzere verilen maldır. Kur’an’ı Kerim’de borç vermekle ilgili kullanılan karz-ı hasen kavramı “güzel borç” anlamına gelir. Dolayısıyla, karz-ı hasen de bir borç işlemi olduğuna göre bu kavramın faiz ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaması dikkat çekmektedir. Zekât ile faiz ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal ve ahlaki boyutları olan iki önemli kavramdır. Bu iki kavramı sadece ekonomi penceresinden değerlendirmek orantısız bilgi karşılaştırmasına neden olmakta ve faizin karz-ı hasen yerine zekât ile mukayesesinin anlaşılması zorlaşmaktadır. İşte makalede faiz ile karz-ı hasen kavramının neden karşılaştırmalı ele alınmadığının izahı yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca faiz, verilen borcun fazlasıyla geri alınması yani verilen paranın artması demektir. Zekât ise, malın bir kısmını geri almamak üzere başkasına vermek yani maldan eksiltme yapmaktır. Görünüşte asıl artma faizde yaşandığı halde, ayette artış vurgusunun zekâtta yapılmasının piyasaya yansıması üzerinde durulacaktır.
The Mobility in the Ottoman Higher Education – I: The ‘Cerr’ as a Madrasa Student’s Activity
Authors: ÇELİK Murat
Published: December 2021

This paper is about the cerr, a student mobility in the Ottoman madrasa. The cerr, in general, refers to travels from madrasas in cities, especially in Istanbul, to villages, towns and cities in the countryside in the Ottoman State. Although the cerr is generally seen as an internship for students, it is understood that the economic dimension of the said mobility predominates. In this article, two important elements of the cerr will be discussed and a different perspective will be offered. Therefore, it will be focused on an understanding that the cerr is a student mobility that is shaped by economic concerns and has economic goals. Thus, a new point of view and result will be presented on the basis of archival documents. Archival sources and secondary studies were used for the study. The data obtained from archival sources and secondary research works showing the general approach were compared. The results obtained show that the economic identity of the cerr becomes more visible as time passes. Especially with the 19th century, it is understood that the profession transformed with the bureaucratic structuring and took on a new identity.
Entrainment and development of larval fish assemblages in two contrasting cold core eddies of the East Australian Current system
Authors: Garcia V , Schilling HT , Cruz DO , Hawes SM , Everett JD , Roughan M , Miskiewicz AG , Pakhomov EA , Jeffs A , Suthers IM
Published: December 2021

Cyclonic eddies are diverse in their size, age, upwelling and behaviour, which has significant implications for fisheries production and connectivity when they interact with the continental shelf. To ascertain coastal entrainment by eddies, we compared the larval fish community of 2 contrasting cyclonic eddies in 3 depth strata (0-5, 5-50, 50-100 m), and with the adjacent shelf community. The frontal cyclonic eddy was smaller and younger than the mesoscale cyclonic eddy. A larval fish entrainment index, based on the ratio of coastal to oceanic taxa, revealed the relative abundance of coastal larvae entrained into the upper mixed layer of the frontal eddy, consistent with published numerical modelling studies of similar eddies. The frontal eddy had a high abundance of commercially important coastal taxa entrained from the inner shelf. However, the adjacent inner shelf water and putative location for frontal eddy formation had recently been displaced by the East Australian Current, resulting in the larval fish community being dominated by oceanic taxa. The spatial and temporal dynamics of coastal entrainment into the larger, older cyclonic eddy and the adjacent shelf region were revealed by mixtures of coastal and oceanic taxa in each of the depth strata. The larger cyclonic eddy had a higher biomass of zooplankton, indicating the cumulative effects of eddy age and production. Eddies which interact with the shelf enable cross-shelf mixing and may contribute to coastal fisheries.
Structural and functional analysis of reconnaissance and fire system and decomposition of its functions and subsystems
Authors: Maistrenko O. , Karavanov O. , Shcherba A.
Published: December 2021

It is established that the role of reconnaissance and fire systems in the implementation of enemy fire damage in military conflicts occurring at the beginning of the XXI century. Increased  to 75%. However, it was found that the effectiveness of these systems depends on the quality of their equipment. The main factors that are often not taken into account in the acquisition are the possibility, interoperability, stability of each element, the impact of elements on the stability of each other and the functioning of the RVS as a whole. The analysis of recent research and publications has shown that as of today, the approaches to determining the composition of reconnaissance fire systems taking into account these factors are not justified.

Given the above, it was decided to conduct a structural and functional analysis of the reconnaissance fire system and the decomposition of its functions and subsystems. To this end, based on the method of cluster analysis, an algorithm for combining a set of tasks performed by reconnaissance and fire systems into groups has been developed and substantiated. The method of expert evaluation was used to obtain substantiated data on the implementation of such a merger.

According to the proposed algorithm, the main tasks were first identified, which involve reconnaissance and fire systems. Subsequently, an expert group was formed and the coefficient of relative competence of each member of the expert group was determined. The experts were then asked to combine the identified tasks according to their characteristics into an arbitrary number of groups. After processing the opinions of experts, 10 characteristic groups were identified. Finally, the experts were asked to combine the obtained groups in such a way that each association consisted of similar objects and the objects of different associations differed significantly.

The results of the work revealed the functional interconnectedness of the tasks, processes and subsystems of the reconnaissance and fire system. It is also established that a typical reconnaissance fire system will consist of three subsystems (control, reconnaissance and fire influence), which perform specific functions for each of them.
Determinants of Sukuk Issuers’ Financial Stability: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Nurul Izza binti Abd. Malek  , Chen Xiaoting , Md Isa Abu Hassan , Zaidel Muhamad Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Financial stability and Sukuk expanded swiftly into the financial industry after the 2007-2008 global financial turmoil. Malaysia's Sukuk market is arguably the most prominent in Islamic finance globally, and its inherent nature gives it a better security on the premise of guaranteed firms’ financial stability and returns to investors. This study aims to explore the extent of the Malaysian firms’ financial stability are being influenced by the characteristics of Sukuk and also the firms’ characteristics. Sixty-one listed companies that have issued Sukuk from 1997 to 2017 have been selected for this study. The nave distance to default (DD) developed by Bharath and Shumway was used as a measure of the firms’ financial stability. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was employed in this study, and the results confirmed that Sukuk could promote the firms’ financial stability. The variables related to the characteristics of Sukuk that were found to influence financial stability were the intensity of Sukuk and the proportion of Sukuk financing. The firm size, valuation, solvency, and profitability were the firms’ characteristics that have also affected the firms’ financial stability significantly. All these provide evidences that Malaysia should play more active role in promoting the development of Sukuk market, and at the same time should be aware that financial stability is a systematic element which involved many complex factors.
Pd and Audio Programming in the 21st Century
Authors: Lyon Eric
Published: December 2021

In celebration of the 25th anniversary of Pure Data, this essay discusses the development of audio programming up to the present, and considers the role that Pd can continue to play in the computer music of the future.
O início de carreira de uma professora que ensina matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Scacabarossi Francisca Edjane Marcelino Magalhães , Carneiro Reginaldo Fernando , Flôr Cristhiane Carneiro Cunha
Published: December 2021

O objetivo, neste artigo, foi identificar e discutir desafios de uma professora iniciante que ensina matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR). Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso que oportunizou a utilização de diferentes fontes de dados e o uso da triangulação para análise. São aqui apresentados dados da narrativa oral da professora. As discussões realizadas indicaram que a professora apresentou características do início de carreira e também de professores experientes, revelando que esses momentos não tem fronteiras e limites bem delimitados. Sobre a sobrevivência, a docente explicitou insegurança por ser sujeito da pesquisa, dificuldades em relação a ensinar matemática, em lidar com alunos com deficiência e com situações inesperadas. Além disso, as reflexões evidenciaram também aspectos da descoberta como buscar formação continuada, satisfação em conseguir desenvolver atividades planejadas, utilizar jogos e questionar sobre a avaliação.
A Facile Method to Synthesize 3D Pomegranate-like Polydopamine Microspheres
Authors: Ghorbani Farnaz , Ghalandari Behafarid , Liu Chaozong
Published: December 2021

Nanospheres have found versatile applications in the biomedical field; however, their possible harmful effects on immune and inflammatory systems are also a crucial concern. Inspired by a pomegranate structure, we demonstrated a novel structure for the nanostructured microspheres to overcome the drawbacks of nanospheres without compromising their merits. In this study, 3D pomegranate-like polydopamine microspheres (PDAMS) were synthesized by self-oxidative polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride. Herein, controlling the pH during polymerization led to synthesizing homogeneous agglomerated nano-sized spheres (400–2000 nm) and finally forming tunable and monodisperse micron-sized particles (21 µm) with uniform spherical shape porous microstructure. PDAMS interaction with the potential targets, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), Decorin, and Matrilin-1, was investigated via molecular calculations. Theoretical energy analysis revealed that PDAMS interaction with BMP2, Decorin, and Matrilin-1 is spontaneous, so that a protein layer formation on the PDAMS surface suggests application in bone and cartilage repair. It was also observed that PDAMS presented in-vitro degradation within 4 weeks. Here, disappearance of the UV-VIS spectrum peak at 280 nm is accompanied by the degradation of catechol groups. Pomegranate-like PDAMS support the biomimetic formation of hydroxyapatite-like layers, making them appropriate candidates for hard tissue applications. Herein, the appearance of peaks in XRD spectrum at 31.37, 39.57, 45.21, and 50.13° attributed to hydroxyapatite-like layers formation. All these results demonstrated that self-oxidative polymerization under a controllable pH can be a green and straightforward technique for preparing the pomegranate-like PDAMS and providing an innovative basis for further pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
Reactive Oxygen Species-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Chen Yujie , Hashim Rashida , He Chuanglong , Mo Xiumei , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as essential mediators in biological system, play important roles in the physiologic and pathologic processes, including cellular signal transductions and cell homeostasis interference. Aberrant expression of ROS in tissue microenvironment can be caused by the internal/external stimuli and tissue injury, which may leads to an elevated level of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cellular damage as well as disruption in the tissue repair process. To prevent the formation of excess ROS around the injury site, advanced biomaterials can be remodeled or instructed to release their payloads in an injury microenvironment-responsive fashion to regulate the elevated levels of the ROS, which may also help downregulate the oxidative stress and promote tissue regeneration. A multitude of scaffolds and bioactive cues have been reported to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues based on the scavenging of free radicals and reactive species that confer high protection to the cellular activity and tissue function. In this review, we outline the underlying mechanism of ROS generation in the tissue microenvironment and present a comprehensive review of ROS-scavenging biomaterials for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, including soft tissues regeneration, bone and cartilage repair as well as wound healing. Additionally, we highlight the strategies for the regulation of ROS by scaffold design and processing technology. Taken together, developing ROS-based biomaterials may not only help develop advanced platforms for improving injury microenvironment but also accelerate tissue regeneration.
BMP Signaling: Lighting up the Way for Embryonic Dorsoventral Patterning
Authors: Yan Yifang , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2021

One of the most significant events during early embryonic development is the establishment of a basic embryonic body plan, which is defined by anteroposterior, dorsoventral (DV), and left-right axes. It is well-known that the morphogen gradient created by BMP signaling activity is crucial for DV axis patterning across a diverse set of vertebrates. The regulation of BMP signaling during DV patterning has been strongly conserved across evolution. This is a remarkable regulatory and evolutionary feat, as the BMP gradient has been maintained despite the tremendous variation in embryonic size and shape across species. Interestingly, the embryonic DV axis exhibits robust stability, even in face of variations in BMP signaling. Multiple lines of genetic, molecular, and embryological evidence have suggested that numerous BMP signaling components and their attendant regulators act in concert to shape the developing DV axis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of BMP signaling in DV patterning. Throughout, we focus specifically on popular model animals, such as Xenopus and zebrafish, highlighting the similarities and differences of the regulatory networks between species. We also review recent advances regarding the molecular nature of DV patterning, including the initiation of the DV axis, the formation of the BMP gradient, and the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind BMP signaling during the establishment of the DV axis. Collectively, this review will help clarify our current understanding of the molecular nature of DV axis formation.
Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Bone-Related Diseases
Authors: Li Hang , Zheng Qiyue , Xie Xinyan , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhu Haihong , Hu Haoye , He Hao , Lu Qiong
Published: December 2021

Bone-related diseases seriously affect the lives of patients and carry a heavy economic burden on society. Treatment methods cannot meet the diverse clinical needs of affected patients. Exosomes participate in the occurrence and development of many diseases through intercellular communication, including bone-related diseases. Studies have shown that exosomes can take-up and “package” non-coding RNAs and “deliver” them to recipient cells, thereby regulating the function of recipient cells. The exosomal non-coding RNAs secreted by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and other cells are involved in the regulation of bone-related diseases by inhibiting osteoclasts, enhancing chondrocyte activity and promoting angiogenesis. Here, we summarize the role and therapeutic potential of exosomal non-coding RNAs in the bone-related diseases osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone-fracture healing, and discuss the clinical application of exosomes in patients with bone-related diseases.
DNA Origami-Templated Bimetallic Nanostar Assemblies for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Kaur Vishaldeep , Sharma Mridu , Sen Tapasi
Published: December 2021

The abundance of hotspots tuned via precise arrangement of coupled plasmonic nanostructures highly boost the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal enhancements, expanding their potential applicability to a diverse range of applications. Herein, nanoscale assembly of Ag coated Au nanostars in dimer and trimer configurations with tunable nanogap was achieved using programmable DNA origami technique. The resulting assemblies were then utilized for SERS-based ultra-sensitive detection of an important neurotransmitter, dopamine. The trimer assemblies were able to detect dopamine with picomolar sensitivity, and the assembled dimer structures achieved SERS sensitivity as low as 1 fM with a limit of detection of 0.225 fM. Overall, such coupled nanoarchitectures with superior plasmon tunability are promising to explore new avenues in biomedical diagnostic applications.
Optimized Interfaces in Anti-Perovskite Electrolyte-Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Yu Pengcheng , Ye Yu , Zhu Jinlong , Xia Wei , Zhao Yusheng
Published: December 2021

Solid-state lithium metal batteries have attracted broad interest as a promising energy storage technology because of the high energy density and enhanced safety that are highly desired in the markets of consumer electronics and electric vehicles. However, there are still many challenges before the practical application of the new battery. One of the major challenges is the poor interface between lithium metal electrodes and solid electrolytes, which eventually lead to the exceptionally high internal resistance of the cells and limited output. The interface issue arises largely due to the poor contact between solid and solid, and the mechanical/electrochemical instability of the interface. In this work, an in situ “welding” strategy is developed to address the interfacial issue in solid-state batteries. Microliter-level of liquid electrolyte is transformed into an organic–inorganic composite buffer layer, offering a flexible and stable interface and promoting enhanced electrochemical performance. Symmetric lithium–metal batteries with the new interface demonstrate good cycling performance for 400 h and withstand the current density of 0.4 mA cm−2. Full batteries developed with lithium–metal anode and LiFePO4 cathode also demonstrate significantly improved cycling endurance and capacity retention.
Computational Discovery of TTF Molecules with Deep Generative Models
Authors: Yakubovich Alexander , Odinokov Alexey , Nikolenko Sergey , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho
Published: December 2021

We present a computational workflow based on quantum chemical calculations and generative models based on deep neural networks for the discovery of novel materials. We apply the developed workflow to search for molecules suitable for the fusion of triplet-triplet excitations (triplet-triplet fusion, TTF) in blue OLED devices. By applying generative machine learning models, we have been able to pinpoint the most promising regions of the chemical space for further exploration. Another neural network based on graph convolutions was trained to predict excitation energies; with this network, we estimate the alignment of energy levels and filter molecules before running time-consuming quantum chemical calculations. We present a comprehensive computational evaluation of several generative models, choosing a modification of the Junction Tree VAE (JT-VAE) as the best one in this application. The proposed approach can be useful for computer-aided design of materials with energy level alignment favorable for efficient energy transfer, triplet harvesting, and exciton fusion processes, which are crucial for the development of the next generation OLED materials.
Shortcomings in Public Health Authorities’ Videos on COVID-19: Limited Reach and a Creative Gap
Authors: Shortt Marie Therese , Smeets Ionica , Wiig Siri , Berg Siv Hilde , Lungu Daniel Adrian , Thune Henriette , Røislien Jo
Published: December 2021

Video communication has played a key role in relaying important and complex information on the COVID-19 pandemic to the general public. The aim of the present study is to compare Norwegian health authorities’ and WHO’s use of video communication during the COVID-19 pandemic to the most viewed COVID-19 videos on YouTube, in order to identify how videos created by health authorities measure up to contemporary video content, both creatively and in reaching video consumers. Through structured search on YouTube we found that Norwegian health authorities have published 26 videos, and the WHO 29 videos on the platform. Press briefings, live videos, news reports, and videos recreated/translated into other languages than English or Norwegian, were not included. A content analysis comparing the 55 videos by the health authorities to the 27 most viewed videos on COVID-19 on YouTube demonstrates poor reach of health authorities’ videos in terms of views and it elucidates a clear creative gap. While the videos created by various YouTube creators communicate using a wide range of creative presentation means (such as professional presenters, contextual backgrounds, advanced graphic animations, and humour), videos created by the health authorities are significantly more homogenous in style often using field experts or public figures, plain backgrounds or PowerPoint style animations. We suggest that further studies into various creative presentation means and their influence on reach, recall, and on different groups of the population, are carried out in the future to evaluate specific factors of this creative gap.
Pathogenesis and Molecular Immune Mechanism of Calcified Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Bian Weikang , Wang Zhicheng , Sun Chongxiu , Zhang Dai-Min
Published: December 2021

Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) was previously regarded as a passive process associated with valve degeneration and calcium deposition. However, recent studies have shown that the occurrence of CAVD is an active process involving complex changes such as endothelial injury, chronic inflammation, matrix remodeling, and neovascularization. CAVD is the ectopic accumulation of calcium nodules on the surface of the aortic valve, which leads to aortic valve thickening, functional stenosis, and ultimately hemodynamic disorders. CAVD has become an important cause of death from cardiovascular disease. The discovery of therapeutic targets to delay or block the progression of CAVD and the clinical application of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CAVD. This article summarizes the pathogenesis of CAVD and provides insight into the future directions of CAVD diagnosis and treatment.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Headache After Stanford Type a Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: Wang Dashuai , Le Sheng , Luo Jingjing , Chen Xing , Li Rui , Wu Jia , Song Yu , Xie Fei , Li Ximei , Wang Hongfei , Huang Xiaofan , Ye Ping , Du Xinling , Zhang Anchen
Published: December 2021

Background: Postoperative headache (POH) is common in clinical practice, however, no studies about POH after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery (AADS) exist. This study aims to describe the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of POH after AADS, and to construct two prediction models.

Methods: Adults who underwent AADS from 2016 to 2020 in four tertiary hospitals were enrolled. Training and validation sets were randomly assigned according to a 7:3 ratio. Risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Nomograms were constructed and validated on the basis of independent predictors.

Results: POH developed in 380 of the 1,476 included patients (25.7%). Poorer outcomes were observed in patients with POH. Eight independent predictors for POH after AADS were identified when both preoperative and intraoperative variables were analyzed, including younger age, female sex, smoking history, chronic headache history, cerebrovascular disease, use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, more blood transfusion, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time. White blood cell and platelet count were also identified as significant predictors when intraoperative variables were excluded from the multivariate analysis. A full nomogram and a preoperative nomogram were constructed based on these independent predictors, both demonstrating good discrimination, calibration, clinical usefulness, and were well validated. Risk stratification was performed and three risk intervals were defined based on the full nomogram and clinical practice.

Conclusions: POH was common after AADS, portending poorer outcomes. Two nomograms predicting POH were developed and validated, which may have clinical utility in risk evaluation, early prevention, and doctor-patient communication.
New Strategies to Promote Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux
Authors: Choi Hong Y. , Ruel Isabelle , Choi Shiwon , Genest Jacques
Published: December 2021

The capacity of macrophages to dispose of cholesterol deposited in the atherosclerotic plaque depends on their ability to activate cholesterol efflux pathways. To develop athero-protective therapies aimed at promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux, cholesterol metabolism in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages has been extensively studied, but the intrinsic sensitivity of monocytes and the lack of a standardized procedure to differentiate THP-1 monocytes into macrophages have made it difficult to utilize THP-1 macrophages in the same or similar degree of differentiation across studies. The variability has resulted in lack of understanding of how the differentiation affects cholesterol metabolism, and here we review and investigate the effects of THP-1 differentiation on cholesterol efflux. The degree of THP-1 differentiation was inversely associated with ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux. The differentiation-associated decrease in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux occurred despite an increase in ABCA1 expression. In contrast, DSC1 expression decreased during the differentiation. DSC1 is a negative regulator of the ABCA1-mediated efflux pathway and a DSC1-targeting agent, docetaxel showed high potency and efficacy in promoting ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. These data suggest that pharmacological targeting of DSC1 may be more effective than increasing ABCA1 expression in promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux. In summary, the comparison of THP-1 macrophage subtypes in varying degrees of differentiation provided new insights into cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and allowed us to identify a viable target DSC1 for the promotion of cholesterol efflux in differentiated macrophages. Docetaxel and other pharmacological strategies targeting DSC1 may hold significant potential for reducing atherogenic cholesterol deposition.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Heart Failure: A Bedside-to-Bench Journey
Authors: Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Bellocchio Gabriella , Telesca Marialucia , Cianflone Eleonora , Torella Daniele , Rossi Francesco , Urbanek Konrad , Berrino Liberato
Published: December 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) are multifactorial diseases sharing common risk factors, such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation, with underlying mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations. Cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors observed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients are also related to their cardiac-specific, SGLT-independent mechanisms, in addition to the metabolic and hemodynamic effects. In search of the possible underlying mechanisms, a research campaign has been launched proposing varied mechanisms of action that include intracellular ion homeostasis, autophagy, cell death, and inflammatory processes. Moreover, the research focus was widened toward cellular targets other than cardiomyocytes. At the moment, intracellular sodium level reduction is the most explored mechanism of direct cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors that mediate the benefits in heart failure in addition to glucose excretion and diuresis. The restoration of cardiac Na+ levels with consequent positive effects on Ca2+ handling can directly translate into improved contractility and relaxation of cardiomyocytes and have antiarrhythmic effects. In this review, we summarize clinical trials, studies on human cells, and animal models, that provide a vast array of data in support of repurposing this class of antidiabetic drugs.
COVID-19 Prognostic Models: A Pro-con Debate for Machine Learning vs. Traditional Statistics
Authors: Al-Hindawi Ahmed , Abdulaal Ahmed , Rawson Timothy M. , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Mughal Nabeela , Moore Luke S. P.
Published: December 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic, has had an unprecedented impact on healthcare requiring multidisciplinary innovation and novel thinking to minimize impact and improve outcomes. Wide-ranging disciplines have collaborated including diverse clinicians (radiology, microbiology, and critical care), who are working increasingly closely with data-science. This has been leveraged through the democratization of data-science with the increasing availability of easy to access open datasets, tutorials, programming languages, and hardware which makes it significantly easier to create mathematical models. To address the COVID-19 pandemic, such data-science has enabled modeling of the impact of the virus on the population and individuals for diagnostic, prognostic, and epidemiological ends. This has led to two large systematic reviews on this topic that have highlighted the two different ways in which this feat has been attempted: one using classical statistics and the other using more novel machine learning techniques. In this review, we debate the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method toward the specific task of predicting COVID-19 outcomes.
Envisioning Post-pandemic Digital Neurological, Psychiatric and Mental Health Care
Authors: Khanna Amit , Jones Graham B.
Published: December 2021

The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic placed a dramatic burden on managed healthcare and perhaps nowhere as evident as in neurological and psychiatric disease care. This said, the duration of the pandemic mandated adaptability of the entire care system and the oft-vaunted benefits of telehealth and telemedicine were subjected to deep scrutiny at scale. Positive experiences were reported by both patients and providers from routine check-ups, to use of cognitive behavioral therapy associated with mental disorders, and management of complex diseases such as multiple sclerosis and other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Integration into standard care looks likely in the post pandemic era with many healthcare systems moving to expand reimbursement categories and develop equitable incentive models for developers and providers. In this commentary we share perspective on how the future of care may evolve through hybrid delivery models, and the advent of new therapeutic approaches which can address pain points identified during the pandemic.
Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Wedge Subduction on the Lithospheric Thermal Structure and the Seismogenic Zone South of Chile Triple Junction
Authors: Guo Changsheng , Sun Pengchao , Wei Dongping
Published: December 2021

In contrast to common subduction, the young and thin part of the Antarctic Plate subducts first to the south of the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ), followed by the old and thick part, corresponding to wedge subduction. A finite element model was used to simulate the wedge subduction of the Antarctic Plate and to compare it with the slab subduction of the Nazca Plate. The results show that the CTJ is not only a wedge subduction boundary but also an important factor controlling the lithospheric thermal structure of the overriding plate. The computed heat flow curves are consistent with the data observed near the trench of the two selected profiles. The different slab dips to the north and south of the CTJ are considered to be caused by wedge subduction. When the slabs are young and at the same age, the deep dip of the Antarctic slab is 22° smaller than the Nazca slab. Southward from the CTJ, the slab age of the wedge subduction increases, which leads to a larger slab dip, a colder slab, and a wider seismogenic zone. The effect of the slab age of wedge subduction on the focal depth is smaller than that of the convergence rate. A 4.8-cm/year difference in convergence rate of the wedge subduction results in an 11-km difference in the width of the seismogenic zone and a 10-km difference in the depth of the downdip limit. Among these controlling factors, the convergence rate plays a major role in the different focal depths south and north of the CTJ.
Niche Shifts From Trees to Fecundity to Recruitment That Determine Species Response to Climate Change
Authors: Qiu Tong , Sharma Shubhi , Woodall Christopher W. , Clark James S.
Published: December 2021

Anticipating the next generation of forests requires understanding of recruitment responses to habitat change. Tree distribution and abundance depend not only on climate, but also on habitat variables, such as soils and drainage, and on competition beneath a shaded canopy. Recent analyses show that North American tree species are migrating in response to climate change, which is exposing each population to novel climate-habitat interactions (CHI). Because CHI have not been estimated for either adult trees or regeneration (recruits per year per adult basal area), we cannot evaluate migration potential into the future. Using the Masting Inference and Forecasting (MASTIF) network of tree fecundity and new continent-wide observations of tree recruitment, we quantify impacts for redistribution across life stages from adults to fecundity to recruitment. We jointly modeled response of adult abundance and recruitment rate to climate/habitat conditions, combined with fecundity sensitivity, to evaluate if shifting CHI explain community reorganization. To compare climate effects with tree fecundity, which is estimated from trees and thus is "conditional" on tree presence, we demonstrate how to quantify this conditional status for regeneration. We found that fecundity was regulated by temperature to a greater degree than other stages, yet exhibited limited responses to moisture deficit. Recruitment rate expressed strong sensitivities to CHI, more like adults than fecundity, but still with substantial differences. Communities reorganized from adults to fecundity, but there was a re-coalescence of groups as seedling recruitment partially reverted to community structure similar to that of adults. Results provide the first estimates of continent-wide community sensitivity and their implications for reorganization across three life-history stages under climate change.