bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eye-related Emergency Department Visits with Ophthalmology Consultation in Taiwan: Visual Acuity as an Indicator of Ocular Emergency
Authors: Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Tai Wei-Chen , Lin Jui-Yen , Huang Chi-Jen , Yeh Po-Han , Wu Wei-Chi , Wang Feng-lin , Liu Laura , Lai Chi-Chun , Chen Kuan-Jen
Published: January 2020

To investigate the epidemiology of eye-related emergency department (ED) visits and to determine if visual acuity (VA) could be an indicator for determining the timing for managing ocular emergencies, we have conducted the retrospective study which included patients visited the ED for eye-related reasons and had received ophthalmology consultations at a referral center in Taiwan in 2015. Among 46,514 consultations, 5,493 were ophthalmology consultations (11.8%). After exclusion, 5,422 were eligible for analysis. Among them, 1,165 (21.5%) had not likely emergent diagnoses, 4,048 (74.7%) had likely emergent diagnoses, and 209 patients (3.9%) could not be determined. The logMAR VA was 0.31 ± 0.48, 0.66 ± 0.78, and 1.00 ± 0.94 in groups with not likely emergent, likely emergent, and undetermined diagnoses, respectively. Among all eye-related ED visits, 10.3% of patients received ophthalmologic intervention or were admitted to the ophthalmology ward. A LogMAR VA score of 0.45 (decimal equivalent of 0.4) had the highest discrimination power for identifying whether a patient needed ophthalmology intervention or admission to ophthalmology ward (area under the curve: 0.802, sensitivity: 0.800, specificity: 0.672). In our study, we found VA could be an indicator for determining the priority and time of ocular emergencies requiring ophthalmic intervention in patients visiting the ED for eye-related reasons.
Pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi Province, China, 2010–2016
Authors: Xu Yi , Zheng Yuan , Shi Wei , Guan Luyuan , Yu Pengbo , Xu Jing , Zhang Lei , Ma Ping , Xu Jiru
Published: January 2020

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. We analyzed the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD in Shaanxi province, China, during 2010–2016. Clinical samples were collected from HFMD cases. Real-time PCR and RT-PCR were used to identify the enterovirus(EVs) serotypes. Viral RNA sequences were amplified using RT-PCR and compared by phylogenetic analysis. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze. A total of 16,832 HFMD positive cases were confirmed in the laboratory. EV-A71 and CV-A16 were the main pathogens in 2010. EV-A71 was the dominant pathogen in the periods of 2011 to 2012 and 2014, 2016. In 2013 and 2015, other EVs increased greatly, in which CV-A6 was the predominant pathogen. EV-A71 was more frequently detected in deaths and severe cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EV-A71 belonged to the C4a evolution branch of C4 sub-genotype and CV-A16 belonged to the B1a or B1b evolution branch of B1 sub-genotype, whereas CV-A6 strains were assigned to D2 or D3 sub-genotype. The pathogen spectrum of HFMD has changed in 7 years, and the major serotypes EV-A71, CV- A16 and CV- A6 alternated or co-circulated. Long-term surveillance and research of EVs should be strengthened for the prevention and control of HFMD.
Prey and predator overlap at the edge of a mesoscale eddy: fine-scale, in-situ distributions to inform our understanding of oceanographic processes
Authors: Schmid Moritz S. , Cowen Robert K. , Robinson Kelly , Luo Jessica Y. , Briseño-Avena Christian , Sponaugle Su
Published: January 2020

Eddies can enhance primary as well as secondary production, creating a diverse meso- and sub-mesoscale seascape at the eddy front which can affect the aggregation of plankton and particles. Due to the coarse resolution provided by sampling with plankton nets, our knowledge of plankton distributions at these edges is limited. We used a towed, undulating underwater imaging system to investigate the physical and biological drivers of zoo- and ichthyoplankton aggregations at the edge of a decaying mesoscale eddy (ME) in the Straits of Florida. Using a sparse Convolutional Neural Network we identified 132 million images of plankton. Larval fish andOithonaspp. copepod concentrations were significantly higher in the eddy water mass, compared to the Florida Current water mass, only four days before the ME's dissipation. Larval fish andOithonadistributions were tightly coupled, indicating potential predator-prey interactions. Larval fishes are known predators ofOithona, however, Random Forests models showed thatOithonaspp. and larval fish concentrations were primarily driven by variables signifying the physical footprint of the ME, such as current speed and direction. These results suggest that eddy-related advection leads to largely passive overlap between predator and prey, a positive, energy-efficient outcome for predators at the expense of prey.
Synaptic weighting in single flux quantum neuromorphic computing
Authors: Schneider M. L. , Donnelly C. A. , Haygood I. W. , Wynn A. , Russek S. E. , Castellanos-Beltran M. A. , Dresselhaus P. D. , Hopkins P. F. , Pufall M. R. , Rippard W. H.
Published: January 2020

Josephson junctions act as a natural spiking neuron-like device for neuromorphic computing. By leveraging the advances recently demonstrated in digital single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits and using recently demonstrated magnetic Josephson junction (MJJ) synaptic circuits, there is potential to make rapid progress in SFQ-based neuromorphic computing. Here we demonstrate the basic functionality of a synaptic circuit design that takes advantage of the adjustable critical current demonstrated in MJJs and implement a synaptic weighting element. The devices were fabricated with a restively shunted Nb/AlOx-Al/Nb process that did not include MJJs. Instead, the MJJ functionality was tested by making multiple circuits and varying the critical current, but not the external shunt resistance, of the oxide Josephson junction that represents the MJJ. Experimental measurements and simulations of the fabricated circuits are in good agreement.
Reproductive phase-dependent variation, sexually dimorphic expression and sex steroids-mediated transcriptional regulation of lep and lepr in lymphoid organs of Channa punctata
Authors: Bakshi Amrita , Rai Umesh
Published: January 2020

The reproductive phase-dependent and sex-related differential expression of leptin (lep) and its receptor (lepr) in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of a highly nutritive economically important Channa punctata preempts the involvement of sex steroids in modulating intra-immuno-leptin system. This hypothesis was strengthened when plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels in male and female fish of reproductively active spawning and quiescent phases were correlated with lep and lepr expression in their immune organs. Splenic lep and lepr showed a negative correlation with T in both male and female, while with E2 there was a positive correlation in male and negative in female C. punctata. In head kidney, a contrasting correlation was observed as compared to spleen. To validate the implication of sex steroids in regulating leptin system in immune organs, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed with DHT and E2. Upon administration, lep and lepr expression in tissues of either sex was downregulated. In addition, in vitro results with either of the sex steroids exemplified their direct involvement. Overall, this study, for the first time, reports correlation between sex steroids and transcript expression of leptin system in immune organs of a seasonally breeding vertebrate.
The Effect of High Carbohydrate-to-fat Intake Ratios on Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia Risk and HDL-cholesterol Levels over a 12-year Follow-up
Authors: Lee Hye Ah , An Hyoin
Published: January 2020

Considering the strong correlation between carbohydrate and fat intake, we defined and assessed the association of the carbohydrate-to-fat ratio with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level using 12-year follow-up data from the community-based cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. We evaluated the long-term changes in HDL-c levels according to quartiles of carbohydrate-to-fat ratio using a mixed model. We also assessed the effect of the carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on the prevalence and incidence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Of 6,627 subjects, the prevalence of undiagnosed hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia at baseline was 35.3% (n = 2,339). Among the disease-free subjects, 56.8% developed hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (incidence = 92/1,000 person-years). The prevalence and incidence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia were higher in females than in males. The highest carbohydrate-to-fat ratio quartile, which was characterized by high and low intake of carbohydrate and fat, was consistently associated with a lower HDL-c level during the 12-year follow up. Moreover, those in the highest quartile had a 1.14-fold greater risk of incident hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia than those in the lowest quartile, with a significant dose-response relationship. We found that high and low intake of carbohydrate and fat, respectively, was consistently associated with a low HDL-c level over a prolonged period. More research is needed to promote appropriate intake of macronutrients.
Mechanisms of blueshifts in organic polariton condensates
Authors: Yagafarov Timur , Sannikov Denis , Zasedatelev Anton , Georgiou Kyriacos , Baranikov Anton , Kyriienko Oleksandr , Shelykh Ivan , Gai Lizhi , Shen Zhen , Lidzey David , Lagoudakis Pavlos
Published: January 2020

Bose-Einstein condensates of exciton-polaritons in inorganic semiconductor microcavities are known to possess strong interparticle interactions attributed to their excitonic component. The interactions play a crucial role in the nonlinear dynamics of such systems and can be witnessed as the energy blueshifts of polariton states. However, the localised nature of Frenkel excitons in strongly coupled organic microcavities precludes interparticle Coulomb exchange-interactions that change mechanisms of the nonlinearity and blueshifts accordingly. In this report, we unravel the origins of blueshifts in organic polariton condensates. We examine the possible contributions: intracavity optical Kerr-effect, gain-induced frequency-pulling, polariton interactions and effects related to saturation of optical transitions for weakly- and strongly-coupled molecules. We conclude that blueshifts in organic polariton condensates arise from the interplay of the saturation effects and intermolecular energy migration. Our model predicts the commonly observed step-like increase of both the emission energy and degree of linear polarization at the polariton condensation threshold.
Reflection-less width-modulated magnonic crystal
Authors: Frey Pascal , Nikitin Aleksei A. , Bozhko Dmytro A. , Bunyaev Sergey A. , Kakazei Gleb N. , Ustinov Alexey B. , Kalinikos Boris A. , Ciubotaru Florin , Chumak Andrii V. , Wang Qi , Tiberkevich Vasyl S. , Hillebrands Burkard , Serga Alexander A.
Published: January 2020

The interest in artificial magnetic media such as magnonic crystals increased substantially in recent years due to their potential applications in information processing at microwave frequencies. The main features of these crystals are the presence of band gaps in the spin-wave spectra, usually formed due to Bragg reflections of spin-waves on the artificially created periodic structures. Here, we study spin-wave propagation in longitudinally magnetized width- and thickness-modulated yttrium iron garnet waveguides by means of Brillouin light scattering and microwave spectroscopy techniques. It is found that the width modulated crystal does not manifest noticeable Bragg reflections, but still demonstrates a pronounced band gap in its transmission characteristic. The phenomenon can be explained by the destructive interference between different frequency-degenerated spin-wave modes excited by the crystal. Such a reflection-less crystal is promising for future design of multi-element magnonic devices.
A viscous switch for liquid-liquid dewetting
Authors: Edwards A. M. J. , Ledesma-Aguilar R. , Newton M. I. , Brown C. V. , McHale G.
Published: January 2020

The spontaneous dewetting of a liquid film from a solid surface occurs in many important processes, such as printing and microscale patterning. Experience suggests that dewetting occurs faster on surfaces of higher film repellency. Here, we show how, unexpectedly, a surrounding viscous phase can switch the overall dewetting speed so that films retract slower with increasing surface repellency. We present experiments and a hydrodynamic theory covering five decades of the viscosity ratio between the film and the surrounding phase. The timescale of dewetting is controlled by the geometry of the liquid-liquid interface close to the contact line and the viscosity ratio. At small viscosity ratio, dewetting is slower on low film-repellency surfaces due to a high dissipation at the edge of the receding film. This situation is reversed at high viscosity ratios, leading to a slower dewetting on high film-repellency surfaces due to the increased dissipation of the advancing surrounding phase.
Investigating CC positions and hydroxylation sites in lipids using Paternò–Büchi functionalization mass spectrometry
Authors: Esch Patrick , Heiles Sven
Published: January 2020

Paternò–Büchi functionalization and tandem mass spectrometry allows to pinpoint CC bond positions and hydroxylation sites in oxidized lipids.
A compact multi-parameter detection system based on hydrodynamic sequential injection for sensitive determination of phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate in water samples
Authors: Khongpet Wanpen , Yanu Pattama , Pencharee Somkid , Puangpila Chanida , Kradtap Hartwell Supaporn , Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai , Yodthongdee Yutdanai , Paukpol Autchara , Jakmunee Jaroon
Published: January 2020

A miniaturized microfluidic hydrodynamic sequential injection system for sensitive colorimetric detection was developed for performance improvement in the measurement of phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate based on molybdenum blue and Griess methods.
Bistable molecular materials with dynamic structures
Authors: Yao Zi-Shuo , Tang Zheng , Tao Jun
Published: January 2020

In this Feature Article, we introduce how to manipulate the motion of electrons or molecules by external stimuli, to achieve switchable properties in molecule-based single crystals.
Selective aerobic oxidation of cyclic ethers to lactones over Au/CeO2 without any additives
Authors: Liu Shulin , Li Shaopeng , Shen Xiaojun , Wang Yanyan , Du Juan , Chen Bingfeng , Han Buxing , Liu Huizhen
Published: January 2020

Selective oxidation of ethers to lactones with O2 as a benign oxidant using Au/CeO2 as the catalyst has been developed.
Recent advances in amphiphilic block copolymer templated mesoporous metal-based materials: assembly engineering and applications
Authors: Zou Yidong , Zhou Xinran , Ma Junhao , Yang Xuanyu , Deng Yonghui
Published: January 2020

“Bottom-up” assembly engineering of amphiphilic block copolymer templated mesoporous metal-based materials and their potential applications.
Two-dimensional nanochannel membranes for molecular and ionic separations
Authors: Wang Shaofei , Yang Leixin , He Guangwei , Shi Benbing , Li Yifan , Wu Hong , Zhang Runnan , Nunes Suzana , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: January 2020

This review highlights the construction and regulation of two-dimensional nanochannel membranes (2DNCMs) as well as their applications in molecular and ionic separations.
Recent advances in metalloporphyrin-based catalyst design towards carbon dioxide reduction: from bio-inspired second coordination sphere modifications to hierarchical architectures
Authors: Gotico Philipp , Halime Zakaria , Aukauloo Ally
Published: January 2020

The progress in CO2reduction catalyst design was examined starting from simple metalloporphyrin structures and progressing to three-dimensional active architectures.
A rational design of efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts derived from tailored Co2+-functionalized anionic metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Shi Miaojie , Wang Jun-Hao , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: January 2020

An efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst was fabricated through pyrolyzing a rationally designed Co2+- functionalized anionic metal–organic framework, yielding excellent performances in Zn–air batteries and water-splitting applications.
Gas-phase bioproduction of a high-value-added monoterpenoid (E)-geranic acid by metabolically engineered Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5
Authors: Usami Atsushi , Ishikawa Masahito , Hori Katsutoshi
Published: January 2020

Here we report the gas-phase bioproduction of (E)-geranic acid, a high-value-added monoterpenoid, from gaseous geraniol by Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5.
Generation of ironized and multivitamin-loaded liposomes using venturi-based rapid expansion of a supercritical solution (Vent-RESS)
Authors: Sharifi Farrokh , Jash Apratim , Abbaspourrad Alireza , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: January 2020

Ironized multivitamin-loaded liposomes were generated via supercritical-CO2 (SC-CO2) as a green solvent without using any organic solvent.
Plasmonic nucleotide hybridization chip for attomolar detection: localized gold and tagged core/shell nanomaterials
Authors: Al Mubarak Zainab H. , Premaratne Gayan , Dharmaratne Asantha , Mohammadparast Farshid , Andiappan Marimuthu , Krishnan Sadagopan
Published: January 2020

We report a large surface plasmon signal amplification for a double hybridization microarray chip assembly that bridges localized gold and detection probe-carrying-core/shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles to enable detection of 80 aM miRNA-155 in solution.
Enhanced porosity of Ni@HSZ for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Lim Zi-Yian , Ma Xiaoqian , Chen Baiman
Published: January 2020

A novel Ni@hollow silicate zirconia (Ni@HSZ) is prepared via a hydrothermal approach to re-use the SiO2 in Ni@SiO2@ZrO2 with TBAOH as an etchant and template.
Photoswitchable organoplatinum complexes with an azobenzene derivative of di-2-pyridylamine
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed E. , Boyle Paul D. , Puddephatt Richard J.
Published: January 2020

The potential for the platinum complexes of an azobenzene substituted dipyridylamine ligand in photodynamic therapy is explored.
Facile synthesis of new polyhedron-like WO3/butterfly-like Ag2MoO4 p–n junction photocatalysts with higher photocatalytic activity in UV/solar region light
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Yang Bowen , Gao Minghuan , You Lisha , Zhang Yuansen , Li Zhiying , Guo Linna , Li Tiesheng , Chen Penglei , Liu Minghua
Published: January 2020

A series of novel efficient polyhedron-like WO3/butterfly-like Ag2MoO4 p–n junction photocatalysts (denoted as AMW-x) were designed and synthesized.
The electrochemical investigation of carboxamide-PEG2-biotin-CoPc using composite MWCNTs on modified GCE: the sensitive detections for glucose and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Mounesh  , Venugopal Reddy K. R.
Published: January 2020

The electroanalytical study of a synthesized novel tetra-cobalt(ii) carboxamide-PEG2-biotin phthalocyanine (CoTPEG2BAPc) composite with MWCNTs to create a biosensor with a high response to glucose in the presence of H2O2.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of rGO/Sb4O5Cl2/Sb2S3 for a high photo-catalytic rate
Authors: Huang Linsen , Zhang Liangxing , Bao Deyu , Jiang Xiaoqing , Li Junhua , Sun Xiaosong
Published: January 2020

The ternary chalcogenide photo-catalyst rGO–Sb4O5Cl2–Sb2S3 presents excellent photo-catalysis performance for MO degradation and its photo-erosion is drastically inhibited.
Homopolymerization of 3-aminobenzoic acid for enzyme-free electrocatalytic assay of nitrite ions
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Adeosun Waheed A. , Marwani Hadi M. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: January 2020

We describe non-enzymatic novel detection of nitrite ions in various matrices on the surface of poly-3-aminobenzoic acid.
Biocompatible iron(iii) carboxylate metal–organic frameworks as promising RNA nanocarriers
Authors: Hidalgo T. , Alonso-Nocelo M. , Bouzo B. L. , Reimondez-Troitiño S. , Abuin-Redondo C. , de la Fuente M. , Horcajada P.
Published: January 2020

Rapid cell-internalization of biocompatible RNA-loaded nanoMOFs leads to an effective in vitro gene activity while protects nucleic acids from degradation.
Copper chalcogenide materials as photothermal agents for cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Kun , Liu Kai , Liu Junchao , Ren Qilong , Zhao Zhen , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Dalin , Yuan Fukang , Ye Kaichuang , Li Bo
Published: January 2020

This work for the first time reviews the recent research progress of copper-based chalcogenide photothermal materials.
Novel polymeric micelles as enzyme-sensitive nuclear-targeted dual-functional drug delivery vehicles for enhanced 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin delivery and antitumor efficacy
Authors: Sun Yalin , Liang Yan , Hao Na , Fu Xiaoheng , He Bin , Han Shangcong , Cao Jie , Ma Qingming , Xu Wen , Sun Yong
Published: January 2020

Antitumor drug 9-NC was loaded in the HA based micelles 9-NC/HATPC, which were targeted to tumor and dissociated into secondary micelles 9-NC/TPC in lysosomes in tumor cells and then it could delivery 9-NC directly to the cell “heart”.
Recent progress in the syntheses and applications of multishelled hollow nanostructures
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Tang Jingjing , Wei Wenjing , Li Songjun
Published: January 2020

This review summarizes the synthesis methods for fabricating multishelled hollow nanostructures and provides views for such intricate hollow architectures in several emerging application areas.
Intra- and intermolecular interception of a photochemically generated terminal uranium nitride
Authors: Yadav Munendra , Metta-Magaña Alejandro , Fortier Skye
Published: January 2020

Photolysis of the U(iv) azide LArU(NImDipp) generates a reactive uranium nitride intermediate that can be intercepted by nucleophilic substrates – the first example of intermolecular chemistry of a rare photochemically generated uranium nitride.
A shape changing tandem Rh(CNC) catalyst: preparation of bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trienes from terminal aryl alkynes
Authors: Storey Caroline M. , Kalpokas Audrius , Gyton Matthew R. , Krämer Tobias , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: January 2020

Two catalysts for the price of one: a shape changing rhodium catalyst enables preparation of unusual isobenzenes using a one-pot procedure.
A novel RGO/N-RGO supercapacitor architecture for a wide voltage window, high energy density and long-life via voltage holding tests
Authors: Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Choi Gyu Jin , Sohn Youngku , Lee Seung Hee , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: January 2020

Here, we demonstrated a unique symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device architecture based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nitrogen-doped RGO (N-RGO) electrodes.
A study of composition effects on the bandgaps in a series of new alkali metal aluminum/gallium iodates
Authors: Zhang Jian-Han , Wu Qi , Lai Wen-Zhong
Published: January 2020

Four new alkali metal aluminum/gallium iodates, namely A2M(IO3)4(H0.5IO3)2(A = K, Rb and M = Al, Ga), have been successfully synthesizedviaa hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Correction: Synthesis of high surface area porous carbon from anaerobic digestate and it’s electrochemical study as an electrode material for ultracapacitors
Authors: Chaturvedi Vikash , Usgaonkar Saurabh , Shelke Manjusha V.
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Synthesis of high surface area porous carbon from anaerobic digestate and it’s electrochemical study as an electrode material for ultracapacitors’ by Vikash Chaturvedi et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 36343–36350.
Correction: The synthesis of calcium arsenate@iron arsenate coating materials and their application for arsenic-containing wastewater treatment
Authors: Wang Yang , Rong Zhihao , Tang Xincun , Cao Shan
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘The synthesis of calcium arsenate@iron arsenate coating materials and their application for arsenic-containing wastewater treatment’ by Yang Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 719–723.
Prolonged use of finasteride-induced gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and menstrual bleeding in women
Authors: Albasher Gadah , Bin-Jumah May , Alfarraj Saleh , Al-Otibi Fatimah , Al-Sultan Nouf K. , Alarifi Saud , Alkahtani Saad , Alharthi Nahed S. , Al-Qahtani Wedad S.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged use of finasteride on serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione in women during the menstrual period. Further, to screen and compare the 5α-reductase activities through the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2 and AR gene and to determine the level of VEGF, VKOR and SAA gene expression and DNA damage. A total of 30 Saudi women aged between 25 and 35 years were enrolled in the study. The selected women were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 15) received 5 mg finasteride/day for prolonged period of one year and second group (n = 15) was taken as a healthy control. ELISA technique was used for measuring the serum levels of the targeted hormones, and Comet assay was used for checking the DNA integrity. Our findings revealed significant decrement of DHT, E2, progesterone and androstenedione levels and elevated levels of testosterone in group treated with daily oral doses of 5 mg finasteride/day compared with the control subjects. mRNA expression suggested that finasteride has concrete effects on the gene expression of the selected genes from the treated group in comparison with the control group. In addition, finasteride induced DNA damage, and heavy menstrual bleeding was noted in women treated with finasteride. In conclusion, the present findings revealed that finasteride has adverse health effects in women associated with gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and heavy menstrual bleeding with no consensus in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.
Altitude and number optimisation for UAV‐enabled wireless communications
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Ting , Yang Zheng , Li Bin , Wu Yi
Published: January 2020

This study considers a downlink power consumption problem for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)‐assisted wireless communications, in which UAVs are used as aerial base stations to provide service for the ground users and equipped with a directional antenna of fixed beamwidth. Moreover, the on‐board circuit power of UAV is taking into consideration. The authors derive a closed‐form expression for the optimal flying altitude and number of UAVs by minimising the total power consumption under the users' rate requirements in the given coverage area. The numerical simulation and theoretical results show that the optimal flying altitude of UAVs depends on the beamwidth of the directional antenna at UAVs, the on‐board circuit power of UAVs, and the rate constraint of each user.
Gateway‐oriented two‐server password authenticated key exchange protocol for unmanned aerial vehicles in mobile edge computing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Kumari Saru , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Wei Fushan S.
Published: January 2020

With the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), more and more valuable data can be collected by UAVs. In order to balance the data usage and communication cost, the data can be preprocessed in UAVs rather than directly transmitting to the data centre in the edge computing paradigm. Users can obtain information of interest by accessing the data centre remotely by authenticating themselves to the data centre using the most pervasive password authentication method. Unfortunately, the data centre becomes the main attack target because it not only stores the data but also maintains the passwords of all the users. Aiming at protecting the data as well as the password in the UAV‐enabled mobile edge computing environment, the authors combine the advantages of gateway‐oriented password authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocols and two‐server PAKE protocols and put forward an efficient gateway‐oriented two‐server PAKE protocol. The security of the proposed protocol is given in the random oracle model. The performance comparison shows their proposal has comparable efficiency in computation and communication costs. Their protocol provides better protection to the password without sacrificing efficiency. Consequently, their protocol is more suitable for real applications in UAV‐enabled mobile edge computing environment.
Graph‐theoretic based approach for the load‐flow solution of three‐phase distribution network in the presence of distributed generations
Authors: Murari Krishna , Padhy Narayana Prasad
Published: January 2020

Matrix is one of the convenient means for depicting/illustrating a graph on the computer. In this study, the notion graph‐theory in conjunction with matrix algebraic operations has been adopted for solving the load‐flow problem of three‐phase distribution systems (radial and meshed). Five significant matrices, path impedance (PI), loads beyond branch (LB), path drop (PD), slack bus to other buses drop (SBOBD), load flow matrix (LFM), and straight‐forward matrix operations have been utilised to attain the load‐flow solutions. The aforementioned matrices reveal the system's topology and pertinent information about the operating characteristics of the distribution system during LF studies. This algorithm is formulated entirely on various matrices formulation and computations, even at the stage of upgrading the voltage at every individual bus. Owing to the aforementioned reasons, this LF methodology is computationally efficient for large‐sized distribution systems. Moreover, the distributed generations (DGs) modelled as PQ and PV buses are incorporated into the proposed load‐flow algorithm. A generalised breakpoint matrix has been derived to compute the mesh breakpoint and PV breakpoint injections simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been tested on several standard distribution systems. The test outcome shows the viability and accuracy of the proposed method.
Online estimation ofinertial parameter for lightweight electric vehicle using dual unscented Kalman filter approach
Authors: Jin Xianjian , Yang Junpeng , Li Yanjun , Zhu Bing , Wang Jiadong , Yin Guodong
Published: January 2020

Accurate knowledge of vehicle inertial parameters (e.g. vehicle mass and yaw moment of inertia) is essential to manage vehicle potential trajectories and improve vehicle active safety. For lightweight electric vehicles (LEVs), whose control performance of dynamics system can be substantially affected due to the drastic reduction of vehicle weights and body size, such knowledge is even more critical. This study proposes a dual unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) approach, where two UKFs run in parallel to simultaneously estimate vehicle states and parameters such as vehicle velocity, vehicle sideslip angle, and inertial parameters. The proposed method only utilises real‐time measurements from torque information of in‐wheel motor and sensors in a standard car. The four‐wheel non‐linear vehicle dynamics model considering payload variations is developed, local observability of the DUKF observer is analysed and derived via differential geometry theory. To address the non‐linearities in vehicle dynamics, the DUKF and dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) are also presented and compared. Simulations with various manoeuvres are carried out using the platform of MATLAB/Simulink‐Carsim®. Simulation results of MATLAB/Simulink‐Carsim® show that the proposed DUKF method can effectively estimate inertial parameters of LEV under different payloads. Moreover, the investigation reveals that the proposed DUKF approach has better performance of estimating vehicle inertial parameters compared with the DEKF method.
High spin temperatures at large impact parameters: Ionisation in the outskirts of galaxies
Authors: Curran S. J.
Published: January 2020

By including the most recent observations of H I21-cm absorption through nearby galactic discs, we confirm our previous assertion that there is an anti-correlation between the abundance of cool neutral atomic gas and impact parameter. In comparing the measured neutral hydrogen column densities of the sample with the absorption strength, we find a peak in the mean spin temperature of ⟨Tspin/f⟩ ≈ 2310 K at an impact parameter ofρ ≈ 14 kpc, with ⟨Tspin/f⟩≳1000 K in the remainder of the disc. This is significantly different to the spin temperature distribution in the Milky Way, which exhibits a constant ≈250 − 400 K overρ = 8 − 25 kpc. The measured column densities may, however, suffer from beam dilution, which we show appears to be the case for the observations of H I21-cm emission in which the beam subtends radii of ≳10 kpc. We therefore applied the column density profile of the Milky Way, in addition to the mean of the sample, observed at sufficiently high resolution, and the mean profile for the nearby ∼1012M⊙galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations. All of the models yield a peak in the mean spin temperature at similar impact parameters (r ≈ 10 − 15 kpc) as the measured column densities. These radii are similar to those of the spiral arms where H IIregions are often concentrated. We therefore suggest that the elevated spin temperatures trace the H IIregions observed in the outer disc of many spiral galaxies.
Palliativmedizin meets Intensivmedizin
Authors: Ferner Marion , Nauck Friedemann , Laufenberg-Feldmann Rita
Published: January 2020

Die Bedeutung moderner Intensivmedizin für schwerstkranke Patienten ist unbestritten. Dennoch stellt sich die Frage nach der Sinnhaftigkeit maximaler Intensivtherapie, wenn sie zwar eine Lebensverlängerung erreicht, aber die Lebensqualität stark beeinträchtigt. Mit dem Wissen und der Akzeptanz, realistische Therapieziele im Sinne des Patienten festzulegen, gewinnen palliativmedizinische Aspekte auf der Intensivstation zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Injury Occurrence in Male Handball Players and its Impact on Physical
Constitution
Authors: Salzer Saskia , Heansel Raffaela , Rey Julia , Maltry Laura , Holzgreve Fabian , Lampe Jasmin , Wanke Eileen M. , Groneberg David A. , Ohlendorf Daniela
Published: January 2020

In male handball, limited knowledge exists about the body posture and postural
control in correlation to their injury occurrence and their impact on physical
constitution. 91 male handball players participated and were asked about playing
position and years, NSAIDs intake, sustained injuries and therapy duration. A
three-dimensional back scanner and a pressure measuring plate were used.
Shoulder injuries cause a differing scapular height and increase the vertebrae
rotation in correlation to playing years. Lower limb injuries lead to a decrease
on the Centre of Pressure (CoP) with growing game experience. Wing players show
the lowest injury risk. Lower limb and shoulder girdle are mostly affected
regarding the incidence of injuries. Pivot players suffer most injuries in the
lower limb area (59%), whereas wing players mostly have shoulder
injuries (19%). Being injured, 21% of the players continue
playing, 79% pause for a minimum of six months (25%). No
correlation can be determined between level of profession, use of NSAIDs and
body posture or postural control. Playing position, employment situation or
NSAIDs have no influence on type of injury, body posture or postural control.
While shoulder injuries can be recognized in the vertebrae area, lower limb
injuries can affect the CoP.
Antireflux mucosectomy band in treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a pilot study for safety, feasibility and symptom control
Authors: Monino Laurent , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Vitton Véronique , Barthet Marc
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Antireflux mucosectomy band ligation (ARM-b) is an endoscopic procedure that mimics a fundoplication for managing gastroesophoageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to assess safety and feasibility of ARM-b.

Patients and methods This was a single-center study on consecutive patients operated between June 2017 and January 2019 with refractory GERD, confirmed with pH-metry and without motility disorder at high-resolution manometry. A piecemeal mucosectomy of three quarters of circumference of esophagogastric junction was performed using a band ligation system and a hexagonal snare. The primary objective was to assess procedural safety and feasibility. The secondary objective was to document the clinical improvement at 3 and 6 months based on patient satisfaction, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake, symptoms, and quality of life scores.

Results Twenty-onepatients (11 men) with mean age 56.9 ± 14.4 years were analyzed. The technical success rate was 100 % (mean duration 35 ± 11 min). Four patients (19 %) had mild adverse events: one delayed bleeding at Day 1 managed conservatively, and three dysphagia endoscopically managed. Mean follow-up was 10 ± 5 months. Decrease/discontinuation of PPI intake was 76 % at 3 months and 72 % at 6 months. Improvement in mean symptoms and quality of life scores (GERD-Q and GERD-HQL) were statistically significant. One patient required laparoscopic fundoplication after ARM-b failure without complication.

Conclusion ARM-b is safe, feasible, and symptom-effective for treating refractory GERD, and it can be performed in the ambulatory setting. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these promising outcomes.
Scalable Synthesis of 1,3,4,5-Tetraaryl Imidazolium Salts as Precursors of Sterically Demanding N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Azap Cengiz , Christoffers Anna , Kadyrov Renat
Published: January 2020

A convenient, large-scale, and cost-efficient synthesis of 4,5-diarylsubstituted N,N-diarylimidazolium salts is described. A variety of 1,3,4,5-tetraaryl imidazolium salts with increasing electron donation and steric bulk of the N-aryl groups was synthesized in good yields. In the key step, readily available N,N′-diarylthioureas and benzoin/anisoin are coupled to give imidazole-2-thiones, followed by imidazolium salt formation by oxidative desulfurization. In this way, N,N-diarylimidazolium salts with 2-methoxy, 2-methyl, and 2-isopropyl substituents could be obtained; the synthesis of their 2-tert-butyl, 2,6-dimethyl, and 2,6-diisopropyl analogues failed.
Solvent-Free and Liquid-Phase Iodination of Thiophene Derivatives with Potassium Dichloroiodate Monohydrate
Authors: Sereda Grigoriy , Sarkar Akash Mamon , Hussain Anwar , Zefirov Nikolai
Published: January 2020

Iodination of a series of benzene and thiophene derivatives by potassium dichloroiodate monohydrate was studied with and without a solvent. The liquid substrates tend to be more reactive in water while the solid substrates afford better yields in dichloromethane or under the solvent-free conditions. The 2-substituted thiophenes show good to excellent yields whereas the yield for 3-substituted and 3,4- or 2,4-disubstituted thiophenes and benzene derivatives are significantly lower. The mechanochemical reaction of 5-carbaldehyde-2,2′-bithiophene shows excellent yields, while 2,2′-bithiophene gives practical yields only in dichloromethane. In the case of thiophene and N-acetyl-p-toluidine, electrophilic iodination is accompanied by a small extent of chlorination.
Preparation of 2-Arylquinolines from 2-Arylethyl Bromides and Aromatic Nitriles with Magnesium and N-Iodosuccinimide
Authors: Naruto Hiroki , Togo Hideo
Published: January 2020

Treatment of 2-arylethylmagnesium bromides, prepared from 2-arylethyl bromides and magnesium, with aromatic nitriles, followed by reaction with water and then with N-iodosuccinimide under irradiation with a tungsten lamp, gave the corresponding 2-arylquinolines in good to moderate yields under transition-metal-free conditions. 2-Alkylquinolines could be also obtained in moderate yields by the same procedure with 2-arylethyl bromides, magnesium, aliphatic nitriles­ bearing a secondary alkyl group, and N-iodosuccinimide.
Bilateral variations in the origin of testicular artery from renal artery - case report of a rare variant
Authors: Savithri P.
Published: January 2020

Bilateral variations in the origin of testicular arteries from renal arteries along with multiple renal arteries were observed in an embalmed middle aged male cadaver during routine dissection for the under graduates. Since the urogenital system has a complicated embryological development, the congenital anomalies and variations in these structures are common. Testicular arterial anatomy is important for testicular and renal surgeries. Anatomical variations of testicular arteries have been reported as 4.7%. Presence of aberrant renal arteries have been seen in 13-16% of cases only. Knowledge of variations in the renal vasculature is of importance not only for the surgeons but also for the radiologist, especially in the interventional and radiological investigations of abdominal region.
Congenital absence of the left thumb in a surviving twin - a genetic disorder
Authors: Sinha D N
Published: January 2020

Congenital absence of left thumb with deformities of carpal bones in a twin bom adult woman is reported here. The subject is the only surviving twin aged forty years reported to the hospital with a complaint of weakness of left hand. On examination, left hand did not possess the thumb and appeared to be less muscular. A single prominent crease like Simian crease was noticed on the left palm without other features of Down’s syndrome. No radial pulse was palpable on the left side at its usual position on the wrist. Associated developmental anomalies of carpal bones and radius on left side were noted in radiograph: Scaphoid and lunate were shortened. Trapezoid was absent. Metacarpals were shorter and lower end of the radius was less expanded when compared to right side. Genetic disorders associated with twin pregnancy might have resulted in the absence of left thumb. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of these associations to avoid complications during surgery.
Correlative study of coronary dominance in human cadaveric hearts, foetal hearts and cine angiograms
Authors: Kannan Usha , Rao Sudha ,   Jeyapriya K,   Amirtha Ganesh B,   Anbalagan J
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: The term right or left dominance is used to describe which coronary branch irrigates the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. Since this concept is misleading, now that coronary artery which gives the posterior inter ventricular artery is considered as dominant one. Right coronary block in left dominance and left coronary block in right dominance are prone for less mortality. But right coronary block in right dominance and left coronary block in left dominance are prone for more mortality. In co-dominance either right or left coronary block are prone for less mortality. Hence a thorough knowledge of coronary dominance is essential for interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons to plan proper intervention/ surgery for patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to study and compare the coronary dominance in hearts obtained from adult cadavers (30), still bom foetuses (10) and cine angiograms (30) done on symptomatic patients. Materials and methods : Adult and foetal cadaveric hearts were studied by dissection and painting method. Cine angiogram was done though radial /femoral artery. Results and conclusion: Out of 30 adult cadaveric hearts, 26 (86.66%) showed right dominance, 2 (6.66%) left dominance and 2 (6.66%) had co-dominance. Out of 10 foetal hearts, 7 (70%) showed right dominance, 1 (10%) had left dominance, and 2 (20%) had co-dominance. Out of 30 cine coronary angiograms done through radial/femoral artery, 21 (70%) showed right dominance, 5 (16.66%) had left dominance and 4 (13.33%) had co-dominance. These results were compared with similar studies and discussed.
The Current Understanding of Molecular Pathogenesis of Quantitative von Willebrand Disease, Types 1 and 3
Authors: Yadegari Hamideh , Oldenburg Johannes
Published: January 2020

Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most prevalent congenital bleeding disorder, arises from deficiencies in quantity or quality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The quantitative deficiencies of VWF are considered to be either VWD type 1 (mild/moderate reduction of VWF) or type 3 (virtual absence of VWF). Following cloning of the VWF gene (VWF) in the 1980s, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of VWD. The genetic basis of type 3 VWD is well defined. VWF causative variations comprising predominantly null alleles have been identified in more than 85% of cases. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms in type 1 disease are only partially characterized. The VWF sequence variations, including mostly missense alterations, are found in only approximately 65% of type 1 VWD patients. It appears that genetic elements outside of VWF may contribute to the pathophysiology of type 1 VWD. This review discusses in detail the current understandings of the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms causing quantitative deficiencies of VWF.
Morphology of flexor digitorum brevis muscle in northern Tamil Nadu region-an anatomical study with phylogenetic perspective
Authors: Gugapriya T S
Published: January 2020

Background and aims : "Arches of foot" formed by the combination of skeletal and a muscular element is a unique feature of evolution as an adaptation to habitual erect posture in humans. Flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) is the most superficial intrinsic muscle of the sole that present with variations frequently. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of presentation of FDB in northern Tamil Nadu region. Material and methods: Thirty soles of 12 male and three female embalmed cadavers were dissected and FDB was observed for variations. A comparative analysis was done with previous studies. Results: Twenty five soles showed absence of FDB tendon to little toe. Three soles confirmed to the classical book description. The soles of a 62 years old male cadaver presented with a variation of FDB. It showed a separate deep slip to the 5th toe arising from intermuscular septum and from long flexor tendon with the slip found to get inserted at the base of middle phalanx bilaterally. The incidence of 83.3% absence of FDB tendon to 5th toe in the present study was significantly higher when compared to many previous reports. Conclusion: Variations of FDB are clinically significant because FDB musculocutaneos flap is used in the reconstruction of the heel pad and FDB tendons are used in tendon transfer surgeries for claw or hammer toe deformities. The absence of FDB tendon to the 5th toe shows clustering around Asian region, which signifies possibility of occurrence of evolutionary changes in specific topographic region
Double superficial palmar arch - a case report
Authors: Gindha Gurbachan Singh , Aggarwal Bindu , Baidwan Sukhinder
Published: January 2020

The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, the arch formation is highly variable. The knowledge of the relationship, course and variations of the arch are important in various surgical procedures. Incomplete ligation of vessels in cases of variable arterial arch can lead to serious secondary hemorrhage in the depth of the wounds of hand. In the present study, a case of double superficial palmar arch is reported in the right hand of a male cadaver. The radio-ulnar type of arch had a proximal and a distal part from where the common palmar digital arteries arose.