bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of scalable Josephson memory element containing a strong ferromagnet
Authors: Parlato Loredana , Caruso Roberta , Vettoliere Antonio , Satariano Roberta , Ahmad Halima Giovanna , Miano Alessandro , Montemurro Domenico , Salvoni Daniela , Ausanio Giovanni , Tafuri Francesco , Pepe Giovanni Piero , Massarotti Davide , Granata Carmine
Published: May 2020

Josephson junctions (JJs) containing ferromagnetic (F) materials are being considered for applications as cryogenic random access memories (RAM). In this work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of tunnel JJs, based on Nb technology with a strong ferromagnetic interlayer Ni80Fe20 alloy (Permalloy), which is suitable for the realization of devices with reduced area and guarantees relative low saturation and coercive fields in the use of JJs as RAM elements. We have successfully realized Josephson memory elements that work well down to 7 μm2 preserving high values of the characteristic voltage. We have also investigated the role of the F layer thickness, and by measuring the critical current dependence on the external applied magnetic field, we have optimized our devices as memory elements using thin ferromagnetic layers with thickness down to 3 nm. We have experimentally proved their functioning as memory elements by applying magnetic field pulses in opposite directions that can change the F layer magnetization.
Traps for pinning and scattering of antiferromagnetic skyrmions via magnetic properties engineering
Authors: Toscano D. , Santece I. A. , Guedes R. C. O. , Assis H. S. , Miranda A. L. S. , de Araujo C. I. L. , Sato F. , Coura P. Z. , Leonel S. A.
Published: May 2020

Micromagnetic simulations have been performed to investigate the controllability of the skyrmion position in antiferromagnetic nanotracks with their magnetic properties modified spatially. In this study, we have modeled magnetic defects as local variations on the material parameters, such as the exchange stiffness, saturation magnetization, perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya constant. Thus, we have observed not only pinning (potential well) but also scattering (potential barrier) of antiferromagnetic skyrmions, when adjusting either a local increase or a local reduction for each material parameter. In order to control the skyrmion motion, it is very important to impose certain positions along the nanotrack where the skyrmion can stop. Magnetic defects incorporated intentionally in antiferromagnetic racetracks can be useful for such a purpose. In order to provide guidelines for experimental studies, we vary both material parameters and the size of the modified region. The results obtained show that the efficiency of skyrmion traps depends on a suitable combination of magnetic defect parameters. Furthermore, we discuss the reason why skyrmions are either attracted or repelled by a region magnetically modified.
Perovskite lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Wu Jiagang
Published: May 2020

The ability of piezoelectric devices to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa has inspired remarkable growth in research on piezoelectric materials. However, based on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances legislation, it is necessary to eliminate the lead from currently used piezoelectric ceramics. Together with the increasing market share and improved performance of lead-free piezoelectrics, this growing recognition that the use of lead should be limited in piezoelectric materials has promoted the development of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Some devices with excellent performance based on lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been reported, and their applications are expected to increase in the near future. This perspective provides an overview of key advances related to the structures and properties of lead-free piezoelectrics, including (K,Na)NbO3, BaTiO3, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, and BiFeO3. Future prospects are also discussed based on the performances of lead-free piezoelectric materials investigated to date.
Low-frequency unsteadiness of shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction in an isolator with background waves
Authors: Wang Ziao , Chang Juntao , Hou Wenxin , Yu Daren
Published: May 2020

Low-frequency unsteadiness is investigated through wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations of the internal flow in a supersonic isolator with background waves generated by a 14° wedge in a freestream with a Mach number of 2.94. The power spectra, coherence, and phase analyses of high-frequency pressure signals and schlieren images provide a local and global description of the unsteadiness. The upstream mechanism exhibits a significant influence on the unthrottled flow field. In the weak interactions of small separation flow, the pressure fluctuation between two adjacent incident points has a strong correlation in a large frequency range, while only large-amplitude shock oscillations are exhibited in the pressure fluctuations at the boundary layer. The downstream mechanism dominates the asymmetric shock motion in the throttled flow field. The profiles of the power spectrum and standard deviation both exhibit two peaks at the upstream and downstream peripheries of the wall separation patterns. Two types of oscillations can be identified through the pressure data, and type III is established from the analysis of schlieren images. The oscillation behavior of the three types is obtained through the power spectral analysis of a series of schlieren snapshots. The frequency of the occurrence and the one-cycle amplitude of different oscillation types are significantly different. By combining the coherence and phase analyses with the corresponding schlieren images and pressure data, the feedback mechanism of the three oscillation types is determined. This study combines the low-frequency unsteadiness in supersonic internal flows with the multiple separation regions caused by complex background waves.
A simple no-equilibrium chaotic system with only one signum function for generating multidirectional variable hidden attractors and its hardware implementation
Authors: Zhang Sen , Wang Xiaoping , Zeng Zhigang
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a simple no-equilibrium chaotic system with only one signum function as compared with the existing no-equilibrium chaotic ones with at least one quadratic or higher nonlinearity. The system has the offset boosting of three variables through adjusting the corresponding controlled constants. The resulting hidden attractors can be distributed in a 1D line, a 2D lattice, a 3D grid, and even in an arbitrary location of the phase space. Particularly, a hidden chaotic bursting oscillation is also observed in this system, which is an uncommon phenomenon. In addition, complex hidden dynamics is investigated via phase portraits, time series, Kaplan–Yorke dimensions, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. Then, a very simple hardware circuit without any multiplier is fabricated, and the experimental results are presented to demonstrate theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. Furthermore, the randomness test of the chaotic pseudo-random sequence generated by the system is tested by the National Institute of Standards and Technology test suite. The tested results show that the proposed system has good randomness, thus being suitable for chaos-based applications such as secure communication and image encryption.
Imaging of caustic-like spin wave beams using optical heterodyne detection
Authors: Shiota Yoichi , Funada Shinsaku , Hisatomi Ryusuke , Moriyama Takahiro , Ono Teruo
Published: May 2020

We investigated caustic-like spin wave beams radiated from a narrow waveguide to a continuous film using a Permalloy. For this purpose, we developed a spatially resolved optical heterodyne detection of propagating spin waves by using the polar Kerr effect, which allows the measurement of the intensity and the phase information of the spin waves. We characterized magnetostatic surface spin wave modes in one-dimensional (1D) propagation and caustic-like spin wave beams in two-dimensional (2D) propagation as a function of excitation frequency. The fast Fourier transformations of the real space images reconstruct 1D and 2D spin wave dispersion, which agree with the theoretical calculations.
Dispersion of solute in straining flows and boundary layers
Authors: Rajamanickam Prabakaran
Published: May 2020

Solute dispersion due to an instantaneously released source in steady, laminar, axisymmetric flows with an axial inflow and radial outflow is investigated analytically. Attention is given to large-time characteristics of dispersion, where the concentration reduces in proportion to e−2λτ, where λ is an eigenvalue that depends on the axial inflow and τ is the time measured in units of axial-diffusion times. Prospects of some other flows are also considered.
Evaluating physiological changes of grass and semishrub species with seasonality for understanding the process of shrub encroachment in semiarid grasslands
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhou Jihua , Lai Liming , Sun Qinglin , Yi Sangui , Jiang Lianhe , Zheng Yuanrun
Published: May 2020

Shrub encroachment occurs worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid grasslands. Changes in soil water in different layers affect the process of shrub encroachment. Understanding the biological and physiological responses of plant species to shrub encroachment is essential for explaining shrub encroachment. The dominant species in six typical plant communities changed from Stipa bungeana Trin. to Artemisia ordosica Krasch., representing different shrub-encroached grasslands. The gravimetric soil water content (SWC) and enzyme and osmotic adjustment compounds of the dominant species across shrub encroachment stages and growing seasons were measured to explain the shrub encroachment. Results showed that SWC decreased and then increased during the growing seasons. With the process of shrub encroachment, SWC first increased, then decreased. With increasing soil depth, SWC increased or decreased. Across seasons with decreasing SWC, enzyme activity decreased and then increased, and malondialdehyde content and osmotic adjustment compounds increased. With the process of shrub encroachment, enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content and osmotic adjustment compounds increased or decreased. The two dominant species (S. bungeana and A. ordosica) enhanced their drought resistance abilities by regulating their antioxidant systems and osmotic adjustment compounds when soil water in a specific layer was not over the threshold. We recommend increasing the clay content to increase the water holding capacity in the surface soil layer to restore the zonal vegetation of S. bungeana.
Activin-A limits Th17 pathogenicity and autoimmune neuroinflammation via CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases and Hif1-α–dependent pathways
Authors: Morianos Ioannis , Trochoutsou Aikaterini I. , Papadopoulou Gina , Semitekolou Maria , Banos Aggelos , Konstantopoulos Dimitris , Manousopoulou Antigoni , Kapasa Maria , Wei Ping , Lomenick Brett , Belaidi Elise , Kalamatas Themis , Karageorgiou Klinta , Doskas Triantafyllos , Sallusto Federica , Pan Fan , Garbis Spiros D. , Quintana Francisco J. , Xanthou Georgina
Published: May 2020

In multiple sclerosis (MS), Th17 cells are critical drivers of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Th17 cells exhibit functional heterogeneity fostering both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, tissue-protective functions. Still, the factors that control Th17 pathogenicity remain incompletely defined. Here, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an established mouse MS model, we report that therapeutic administration of activin-A ameliorates disease severity and alleviates CNS immunopathology and demyelination, associated with decreased activation of Th17 cells. In fact, activin-A signaling through activin-like kinase-4 receptor represses pathogenic transcriptional programs in Th17-polarized cells, while it enhances antiinflammatory gene modules. Whole-genome profiling and in vivo functional studies revealed that activation of the ATP-depleting CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases is essential for activin-A–induced suppression of the pathogenic signature and the encephalitogenic functions of Th17 cells. Mechanistically, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, along with STAT3 and c-Maf, are recruited to promoter elements on
Entpd1
and
Nt5e
(encoding CD39 and CD73, respectively) and other antiinflammatory genes, and control their expression in Th17 cells in response to activin-A. Notably, we show that activin-A negatively regulates the metabolic sensor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and key inflammatory proteins linked to pathogenic Th17 cell states. Of translational relevance, we demonstrate that activin-A is induced in the CNS of individuals with MS and restrains human Th17 cell responses. These findings uncover activin-A as a critical controller of Th17 cell pathogenicity that can be targeted for the suppression of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
The molecular basis of how buried human leukocyte antigen polymorphism modulates natural killer cell function
Authors: Saunders Philippa M. , MacLachlan Bruce J. , Pymm Phillip , Illing Patricia T. , Deng Yuanchen , Wong Shu Cheng , Oates Clare V. L. , Purcell Anthony W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Vivian Julian P. , Brooks Andrew G.
Published: May 2020

Micropolymorphisms within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can change the architecture of the peptide-binding cleft, leading to differences in peptide presentation and T cell recognition. The impact of such HLA variation on natural killer (NK) cell recognition remains unclear. Given the differential association of HLA-B*57:01 and HLA-B*57:03 with the control of HIV, recognition of these HLA-B57 allomorphs by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DL1 was compared. Despite differing by only two polymorphic residues, both buried within the peptide-binding cleft, HLA-B*57:01 more potently inhibited NK cell activation. Direct-binding studies showed KIR3DL1 to preferentially recognize HLA-B*57:01, particularly when presenting peptides with positively charged position (P)Ω-2 residues. In HLA-B*57:01, charged PΩ-2 residues were oriented toward the peptide-binding cleft and away from KIR3DL1. In HLA-B*57:03, the charged PΩ-2 residues protruded out from the cleft and directly impacted KIR3DL1 engagement. Accordingly, KIR3DL1 recognition of HLA class I ligands is modulated by both the peptide sequence and conformation, as determined by the HLA polymorphic framework, providing a rationale for understanding differences in clinical associations.
Catalytic prior distributions with application to generalized linear models
Authors: Huang Dongming , Stein Nathan , Rubin Donald B. , Kou S. C.
Published: May 2020

Significance

We propose a strategy for building prior distributions that stabilize the estimation of complex “working models” when sample sizes are too small for standard statistical analysis. The stabilization is achieved by supplementing the observed data with a small amount of synthetic data generated from the predictive distribution of a simpler model. This class of prior distributions is easy to use and allows direct statistical interpretation.
Knowledge in series
Authors: Surman Jan
Published: May 2020

Positivism was one the most influential
social and philosophical currents in Central Europe in the second half of the
nineteenth century, propagated by the new media, in particular popular intellectual
journals, which published book series in support of their ideological message. By
investigating the media in which positivist knowledge was popularised in Czech and
Polish, this chapter argues that the way the translations were framed in book
series was crucial for the appropriation of positive philosophy and social
thought.
Microstructure, phase formation and properties of rapid solidified Al–Fe–Cr–Ti alloys
Authors: de Araujo Aylanna P. M. , Micheloti Leandro , Kiminami Claudio S. , Gargarella Piter
Published: May 2020

Improvements in the mechanical strength of Al–Fe–Cr–Ti alloys have been demonstrated when non-equilibrium microstructures are developed. This paper investigated the effect of cooling rate and composition on the phase formation, microstructure and properties of new Al96.6Fe1.5Cr1.7Ti0.2 and Al91.6Fe4.9Cr2.2Ti1.3 (at.-%) alloys. Wedge-shaped samples produced by suction casting were characterised by optical, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness. The results showed that the morphology and size of the phases precedent of the flower-like phases change from small, spherical particles to large flower-like phases with decreasing the cooling rate. The presence of intermetallic phases Al13Fe4, Al13Cr2 and Al3Ti in the Al91.6Fe4.9Cr2.2Ti1.3 alloy, resulted in a hardness 1.6 times higher compared to the Al96.6Fe1.5Cr1.7Ti0.2 alloy.
Spirituality as reinforcement of people-focused work: a philosophical foundation
Authors: Bosch Rabell Magdalena , Bastons Miquel
Published: May 2020

This conceptual article aims to provide a philosophical foundation for why spirituality reinforces prosocial motivation and people-focused work (PFW). Much research refers to the fact that many workers’ reasons for working are spiritually based. Research has shown that spirituality
provides a motivation oriented to the needs of others and an intellectual and affective “openness” to those around us that reinforces cooperation, acting as a “social glue”. Explanations have been given for this effect of spirituality, particularly psychological explanations.
However, there is still no philosophical explanation. This article provides a philosophical foundation for the motivation oriented to the needs of others (prosocial motivation) generated by spirituality, previously discovered and analyzed by philosophers like Plato, and in particular Aristotle,
by explaining what it is and how the human spirit acts. The paper concludes that the reinforcement of PFW produced by spirituality derives from the “openness to … ” that essentially constitutes the activity of human spirit as “actuality”.
Numerical solutions to Einstein’s equations in a shearing-dust universe: a code comparison
Authors: Adamek Julian , Barrera-Hinojosa Cristian , Bruni Marco , Li Baojiu , Macpherson Hayley J , Mertens James B
Published: May 2020

A number of codes for general-relativistic simulations of cosmological structure formation have been developed in recent years. Here we demonstrate that a sample of these codes produce consistent results beyond the Newtonian regime. We simulate solutions to Einstein’s equations dominated by gravitomagnetism—a vector-type gravitational field that does not exist in Newtonian gravity and produces frame-dragging, the leading-order post-Newtonian effect. We calculate the coordinate-invariant effect on intersecting null geodesics by performing ray tracing in each independent code. With this observable quantity, we assess and compare each code’s ability to compute relativistic effects.
Locating the inflection point of frequency-dependent velocity dispersion by acoustic relaxation to identify gas mixtures
Authors: Zhang Xiangqun , Wang Shu , Zhu Ming
Published: May 2020

Measuring adiabatic sound speed is an effective method to characterize gases with different molecular weights because sound speed mainly depends on molecular weight at a given temperature. However, it is still a challenge to apply this method to different gas mixtures with similar or even the same sound speeds. Acoustic relaxation in gases may overcome this challenge because sound speed becomes dispersive due to frequency-dependent heat capacity. Based on our previous work on reconstructing acoustic velocity dispersion with a simple measurement method, in this paper, we propose capturing the inflection point of velocity dispersion to identify gas mixtures. Standard detection areas are constructed using the theoretical location of the inflection point scaled by the acoustic velocity and relaxation frequency with different temperatures for target gases. The captured inflection point is located in the detection areas to obtain gas compositions. Thus, gas mixtures with the same molecular weights, such as 86.9% CO2–13.1% N2, 95% CO2–5% H2 and 95% CO2–5% pH2, can be differentiated using our method from only their acoustic velocities. The results show that the maximum absolute error of the compositions for CO2 can be effectively reduced from 3.8% to 0.2% by our temperature correction function. Therefore, the proposed method can identify gas mixtures qualitatively and quantitatively by only measuring acoustic velocity.
Monitoring of bending stiffness of BFRP reinforced concrete beams using piezoceramic transducer enabled active sensing
Authors: Zhou Lingzhu , Zheng Yu , Huo Linsheng , Ye Yuxiao , Chen Dongdong , Ma Hongwei , Song Gangbing
Published: May 2020

Corrosion of steel bars leads to significant structural deteriorations in reinforced concrete structures, increasing their maintenance costs and shortening their service life. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars, as an internal reinforcing material instead of steel bars, are used in concrete structures owing to its high tensile strength and corrosion resistance. However, the structures of FRP reinforced concrete bending components have the large deflection and the lower post-cracking bending stiffness. In addition, it is difficult to evaluate the bending stiffness of in service FRP reinforced concrete beam by using the traditional monitoring method. This paper proposes a novel approach to real-time monitoring of the bending stiffness of FRP reinforced concrete beams using piezoceramic transducers enabled stress wave propagation. In this approach, several piezoceramic smart aggregate (SA) transducers are bonded on the side-surface of a concrete beam reinforced with Basalt-FRP (BFRP) bars to evaluate the bending stiffness based on stress wave propagation. A piezoceramic SA transducers based bending stiffness index (Piezo-BSI) is proposed to quantify the bending stiffness levels of BFRP reinforced concrete beams. The results show that the bending stiffness of BFRP reinforced concrete beams can be effectively evaluated by using SA transducers. The proposed Piezo-BSI values agree well with the actual bending stiffness index. This indicates that the Piezo-BSI values can accurately quantify and effectively reflect the actual bending stiffness levels of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars.
Integrated energy-water-land nexus planning to guide national policy: an example from Uruguay
Authors: Khan Zarrar , Wild Thomas B , Silva Carrazzone Maria Eugenia , Gaudioso Rossana , Mascari María Pía , Bianchi Fabiana , Weinstein Federico , Pérez Federico , Pérez William , Miralles-Wilhelm Fernando , Clarke Leon , Hejazi Mohamad , Vernon Chris R , Kyle Page , Edmonds Jae , Muñoz Castillo Raul
Published: May 2020

Despite broad consensus on the benefits of a nexus approach to multi-sector planning, actual implementation in government and other decision-making institutions is still rare. This study presents an approach to conducting integrated energy-water-land (EWL) planning, using Uruguay as an example. This stakeholder-driven study focuses on assessing the EWL nexus implications of actual planned policies aimed at strengthening three of Uruguay’s key exports (beef, soy, and rice), which account for more than 40% of total national export revenue. Five scenarios are analyzed in the study: a reference scenario, a climate impacts scenario, and three policy scenarios. The three policy scenarios include measures such as increasing the intensity of beef production while simultaneously decreasing emissions, increasing irrigated soybean production, and improving rice yields. This study supplements previous sector-specific planning efforts in Uruguay by conducting the first stakeholder-driven integrated multi-sector assessment of planned policies in Uruguay using a suite of integrated modeling tools. Key insights from the study are: as compared to a reference scenario, improving beef productivity could lead to cropland expansion (+30%) and significant indirect increases in water requirements (+20%); improving rice yields could lead to increases in total emissions (+3%), which may partially offset emissions reductions from other policies; expanding irrigated soy could have the least EWL impacts amongst the policies studied; and climate-driven changes could have significantly less impact on EWL systems as compared to human actions. The generalizable insights derived from this analysis are readily applicable to other countries facing similar multi-sector planning challenges. In particular, the study’s results reinforce the fact that policies often have multi-sector consequences, and thus policies can impact one another’s efficacy. Thus, policy design and implementation can benefit from coordination across sectors and decision-making institutions.
Study on water quality of tunnel type underground reservoir in island areas
Authors: Jin Qiannan , Yao Wenwei , Weng Yisong , Ji Yuyu
Published: May 2020

The water quality of tunnel type underground reservoirs was good generally, problems such as turbid water, weak pH, and excessive total colony problems are common. Some underground reservoirs were affected by water supplement sources, the water quality was uncertain and always with high concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, manganese, zinc, etc. Therefore the water quality monitoring of water supplement sources and storage needs to be strengthened and appropriate follow-up water purification measures should be taken.
Research on multi-dimensional analysis model of drilling operations safety evaluation system
Authors: Lin Xu Ji , Kun Shen Jian , Liu Qin , Jie Tang Zhi , Yueqing Ju , Jian Li
Published: May 2020

Oil and gas drilling operation has the characteristics of large investment and high risk, so the effective identification and analysis of potential accidents is an important problem that needs to be solved urgently. In order to meet the requirements of complex analysis of drilling safety evaluation system, a multidimensional data analysis model based on data warehouse is constructed in view of the shortcomings of traditional database technology in information analysis ability, which transforms the application-oriented data structure into the analysis of multi-dimensional data structure, and provides a good environment and analysis method for drilling safety analysis and evaluation. According to the human, material, environmental and management factors of oil and gas drilling accidents, the relevant modelling topics were determined, and a multidimensional data model for analysing the potential accidents was constructed. This paper introduces the construction method of multidimensional data model with the theme of “analysis of potential accidents of drilling operation” as an example.
The Application of Constructed Wetlands in Ecological Construction of Coastal Industrial Agglomeration
Authors: Chen Yi , Shi Tingting
Published: May 2020

This paper takes constructed wetlands as the research object, analyses the position characteristics of land reclamation area where modern coastal industrial agglomerating in ecological pattern, points out that the lack of ecological buffer is a key problem that causes the negative ecological and environmental impact of industrial development on coastal areas. This paper expounds the importance of the sustainable development of coastal industrial agglomeration, puts forward that two key points of constructing the stable ecological pattern of land and sea are pollution reduction and ecological reconstruction; also points out that constructed wetland is of great value and significance in constructing ecological buffer in coastal industrial gathering area through analysing the important function of constructed wetland in pollution reduction and ecological reconstruction. Taking the typical constructed wetland project in China as a case, in the end of the paper, the effects of constructed wetland on marine ecological and environmental protection are further analysed.
Nutrition and Safety Evaluation of Hydroponic-cultured Pea SproutunderLead and Cadmium Stress
Authors: Yan Ling , Zhou Nan , Guo Xiangxin , Dong Qingyu , Gu Weishi , Wang Kailei , Zhou Qingwen , Ye Changqing , Yang Yuhuan
Published: May 2020

Heavy metals can bring health risks through the enrichment of crops and food chain, but there are few reports on their impact on the nutritional quality of crops. In this paper, the hydroponic-culturedpea seedlings under lead and cadmium stress were used to evaluate the heavy metal effects on growth, safety and nutrients variation. Lead has little effect on the sprout growth, and it mainly concentrates in the roots and seldom can be transferred to the edible parts. It would not bring health and safety hazards to the edible parts of stems and leaves but decrease the mineral nutrientsin peasprout slightly. Cadmium significantlyaffectboth growth and nutrition value of pea sprout, not only the root is abundant, but also the transfer rate of root and stem, which is about 13%. The nutrient content of Ca and Zn in stem and leaf is decreased significantly under cadmium stress.
Effects of reciprocal hybridization on the quality of Solanum photeinocarpum
Authors: Liao Renyan
Published: May 2020

In order to explore whether reciprocal hybridization can be used to cultivate new varieties of wild vegetable, the experiment used two ecological types (farmland ecotype and mine ecotype) of Solanum photeinocarpum as the experimental material of reciprocal hybridization, and compared the difference of qualities of F1 hybrids and parents. The results showed that the biomass, contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, total acid, and soluble solids of leaves and stems of the F1 hybrid plants were not significantly different. But the indicators of F1 hybrid were higher than the parents. Among them, mining male × farmland female F1 hybrids has the highest leaf biomass, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The highest leaf biomass, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content were increased by 13.70%, 65.90% and 117.26% respectively, compared with the farmland ecotype, and increased by 14.40%, 48.89% and 54.99% respectively, compared with the mine ecotype. It indicated that reciprocal hybridization can effectively increase the biomass and the content of nutrients including vitamin C of F1 hybrids and reciprocal hybridization can be used to get new species of Solanum photeinocarpum.
Research on Fault Diagnosis and Prediction Method about Driving Motor for Seeding Metering of Plot Seeder Based on SVMs Classification and Regression
Authors: Hou Yuntao , Wu Zequan , Cai Xiaohua , Dong Zhongge
Published: May 2020

To solve the problem of fault diagnosis and prediction about driving motor (brushless DC motor) for seeding metering of plot seeder, the method based on SVMs classification(SVC) and regression(SVR) is proposed in this paper: firstly, the three-phase current signals of brushless DC motor(BLDCM) are analyzed to extract characteristic values of various samples; then the SVC model based on clustering combine SVMs dynamic pruned binary tree is constructed, and the SVR models about all and each class of training samples are all constructed, too. The first input sample is firstly predicted according to the SVR model about all training samples, then the predicted value is identified that belongs to a certain class of faults by the SVC model, and the next operation will be carried out according to the classification result. This method is verified in the fault diagnosis and prediction experiments of BLDCM, the diagnosis accuracy is 96.37% and the Root-Mean-Square Error is 0.217. It might be seen that the method presented in the paper is of validity.
Effects of 5-ALA on Fruit Quality of Blueberry Cultivated in Different Modes
Authors: Xiong Bo , Gong Yan , Yang Youting , Han Yan , Deng Lili , Tan Lin
Published: May 2020

This experiment used southern highbush blueberry as material to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 2000, 2500, 3000 times) of 5-ALA on fruit quality of blueberry grown in three different modes at fruit bearing period. The results showed that: (1) Rain-proof cultivation and greenhouse cultivation could significantly increase the yield of blueberry, but reduce the intrinsic fruit quality of blueberry; (2) The fruit quality of blueberry was affected by the interaction of cultivation mode and concentration of 5-ALA amino acid water-soluble fertilizer.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Quality of Citrus Huangguogan
Authors: Dong Tiantian , Wang Bozhi , Zhang Huiyi , Wang Jiaqi , Yao Yuan , Xu Wenxin , Xiong Bo , Wang Zhihui
Published: May 2020

In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was sprayed on the fruits of Huangguogan in shimian county in two different ways (whole tree spraying and fruit spraying) to study the effect of MeJA on the postharvest quality of the fruits of Huangguogan. The consequence showed that, compared with check (CK), each treatment could improve the fruit quality, 10 μmol·L-1MeJAspayed on Huangguoganperformed best. It significantly increased the sugar content, Vc content, total soluble solid (TSS in short) content and the sugar acid ratio of the Huangguogan, meanwhile decreased the content of titratable acid. These consequences indicated that preharvest MeJA treatment could improve the fruit quality of Huangguogan.
Study on the Preservation Effect of Propolis on Sweet Cherry
Authors: Yang Youting , Gong Yan , Gao Yifei , Huang Jingyu , Xu Man , Xiong Bo
Published: May 2020

This experiment used ‘Hong Deng’ sweet cherry as material to study the effect of different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of propolis extract on postharvest preservation of sweet cherry. The results showed that the propolis extract can effectively reduce the respiration rate of sweet cherry, reduce the weight loss rate, delay the decline of titratable acid, soluble solids and fruit hardness of sweet cherry, and slow the loss of fruit VitaminC. The 2.0% concentration of propolis extract has the best preservation effect.
Analysis of the flavor quality in 10 blueberry varieties
Authors: Huang Jinqiu , Zheng Shuyi , Li Henggang , Ao Qiaoman , Wang Xun
Published: May 2020

In order to screen out blueberries suitable for fresh food and processing, the contents of soluble sugar, titratable acid and ascorbic acid in 10 blueberry varieties were determined, and their flavor and nutritional value were analyzed. The results showed that the AsA content of ‘Jewel’, ‘Emerald’ and ‘Sweetheart’ is significantly higher than that of other varieties. ‘Britewell’, ‘O’Neal’ and ‘Sweetheart’ had higher soluble sugar content, but lower titratable acid content. ‘Biloxi’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Pink Lemonade’ had lower soluble sugar content, and higher titratable acid content. In general, ‘Sweetheart’was suitable for both fresh food and processing.
The Nacala Corridor Railway and Port PPP project Risks identification research
Authors: Jesus Rock Elton De , Wu Shulian
Published: May 2020

Recently, Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in Mozambique has demonstrated significant advances in the level of private sector involvement in the delivery of infrastructure such as railways and port assets. It is generally considered that PPP is a mechanism to simplify the delivery of transportation projects, transfer the risks of transportation projects, reduce transportation costs and increase transportation revenue. This paper introduces a framework that identifies the risks associated with PPP arrangements for Railway and Port project delivery in Mozambique, with special attention to the Nacala corridor project. The framework divides risks into four categories: political, economic, socio-cultural, and technical (referred to as PEST), which can help project managers launch PPP projects to identify risks, manage risks, and minimize project risks.
A Marine Gravimeter Based On Precise Single-point Positioning Technology In Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xu Xiao , Wu Meiping , Cai Shaokun , Yu Ruihang , He Shaofei , Lu Qi
Published: May 2020

Marine gravity measurement is one of the methods of marine geophysical measurement. The marine test used the SGA-WZ02 gravity meter independently developed by the National University of Defence Technology (NUDT), about 60 days of maritime tests were conducted in the Pacific Ocean from July to September 2019. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the feasibility of this gravimeter for marine gravity measurement and the accuracy of data processing using GNSS precision point positioning technology (PPP) in the later stage. The test area is located in a strait in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the test area is about 2840km2 and the total distance is about 1074km. Among them, 7 repeat lines were measured, each distance was about 14.5km, and the ship speed was about 27.78km/h. In this paper, GNSS precision single-point positioning technology is used to evaluate the quality of the data of 7 repeated lines. After 100s low-pass filtering, the standard deviation of the accuracy within the SGA-WZ02 gravity meter is 0.56mGal, and the median error is 0.60mGal. The test results show that the SGA-WZ02 strapdown gravimeter can be used for the measurement of marine gravity field. The data processing algorithm based on precise single-point positioning technology meets the accuracy requirements of gravity measurement.
Study on flocculant for underwater non-dispersible concrete
Authors: Feng X R , Gao S , Zhang Y Q
Published: May 2020

A kind of flocculant for underwater non-dispersion concrete was prepared by mixing organic and inorganic components. The proportion of each component was determined by measuring the relevant performance index of mortar. And the verification test was carried out by concrete pouring. The results showed that the admixture meet the requirements of underwater non-dispersion concrete construction, and the main technical indexes meet the requirements of specifications.
Comparison analysis of four wind breaking designs for the hybrid cooling-tower-solar-chimney system under crosswind conditions
Authors: Zou Zheng , Liu Zhuang , Yan Wen , Cao Rupeng , Chen Wei
Published: May 2020

A hybrid cooling-tower-solar-chimney system (HCTSC for short) is a novel heat rejection device that dissipates waste heat for coupled thermal power plant and generates electricity simultaneously. Since the heat exchanger bundles are vertically placed at the periphery of the solar collector, this novel natural dry cooling system is relatively vulnerable to the crosswind. In order to enhance its performance under the crosswind conditions, four types of counter-wind designs were proposed and numerically compared. Comparison results showed that all four wind breaking designs were indeed helpful for the improvement of the power output under high intensity crosswind condition but it is at the cost of its heat dissipation performance.
CFD Modelling Based on MP-PIC of Low Rank Pulverized Coal Pyrolysis in Pyrolysis Furnace
Authors: Li Peng , Zou Chongen , Dong Fang , Shi Zhansheng , Ma Zhian
Published: May 2020

The multi-phase particle in cell (MP-PIC) method through defining the concept of ‘parcel of particles’ has been applied to study the simulation of gas-solid fluidized bed. In this paper, in order to reveal the pyrolysis behaviors with low-rank pulverized coal, the three-dimensional gas-solids flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in a pilot-scale descending pyrolysis furnace was simulated by adopting the MP-PIC method coupled with a distributed activation energy model (DAEM) reaction model. First, the MP-PIC method was validated by comparing the experimental data and simulation results of the furnace temperature at four different pyrolysis reaction regions in a vertical square descending pyrolysis furnace with the throughput of 1.2 t/h, respectively. Then this MP-PIC method was further extended for analyzing the effects of handling capacity with the throughput of 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 t/h.
The Investigation Plasticizing Mechanism on Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Water/Caprolactam System and the Preparation of Raw PVA Fibers by Melt Spinning
Authors: Xu Yongjing , Wang Youfu , Zou Liming , Zhao Jiongxin , Li Wengang , Liu Guoping
Published: May 2020

A novel plasticizer system water/caprolactam (W/CPL) was applied in thermal processing of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), water as the primary plasticizer and caprolactam as coplasticizer. The plasticizing mechanism of PVA/W/CPL system was investigated and the raw PVA fibers was prepared by melt spinning. The result showed that the melting temperature of PVA polymers decreased and the window of thermal processing has broaden due to W/CPL plasticizer. In addition, the raw melt-spun PVA fibers with circular structure and uniform structure had great potential application prospects in cement-based reinforcement.
The Solar Energy Promotion Policy of Technical Standard System in China
Authors: Zhou Bin
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a series of reasonable design and high-operability technical standards are put forward, which make solar energy as a practical application project can be understood or measured by a complex technical standard system, and provide support for the planning, management and decision-making of the industry. It will give better way to the guiding role of existing policies, standards and norms, and improve the level of solar energy applications in the mainland. In these plans, they summarize the latest research and technical progress of solar energy promotion standard. These studies can provide strong support for decision-making in solar energy application planning and management.
Application and analysis of short-hole rapid extraction technology in high gas long distance driving face
Authors: Xiang Zhencai , Wang Xiaopeng
Published: May 2020

Aiming at the poor coal seam permeability and rapid attenuation of bored gas flow in the Huoerxinhe Coal Mine in Shanxi, the high return gas concentration in the long-distance tunneling of the coal roadway affects the speed of the coal roadway, and it is proposed to use a short time for maintenance. The new ideas for rapid and centralized drainage of boreholes during heading are to extract small-scale gas in a short time and high intensity, reduce ventilation pressure, and increase the speed of coal roadway. The application of the 3605 return air circulation in the Huoerxinhe coal mine shows that the short-drilling fast extraction process is adopted in the maintenance class, and the monthly footage of the work face is increased by 50% on the premise that the return air flow and the gas concentration in the work face are reduced by 20%. Realize the effective treatment of the long-distance coal roadway driving face of low-permeability coal seam, and ensure the safe production of the working face.
Research on optimal allocation for island microgrid based on state of charge
Authors: Li Guanglei , Wang Dehua , Xu Zheng , Wang Yuejiao , Jin Fei
Published: May 2020

Making use of the characteristics of complementation of renewable energy, a new optimal control strategy for microgrid is proposed to choose the appropriate opening capacity of distributed energy such as wind power, photostatic, gas turbine and energy storage system. According to this strategy, this paper realizes analysis and evaluation of capacity optimization through establishing mathematical model. Then the optimal operation plan is solved by means of multi-objective optimization algorithm. Finally, a numerical example shows the applicability of the strategy. The optimal ratio of power supply is realized to guide engineering construction.
Research on Multi-Transactional Concurrent Electricity Transaction Operation Simulation Technology
Authors: Feng Heng , Wang Gaoqin , Huang Wenyuan
Published: May 2020

The spot market is an important part of the electricity market system. It plays a fundamental supporting role in the orderly operation of the open, competitive electricity market, and is also the key to coordinating market transaction and power system operation. In China, the differences of power grid structure, power supply structure, and economic level in various provinces are large. How to choose the local spot market model and market rule can’t be answered through manual experience. At the same time, the electricity market operation is a long-term dynamic evolution process. It is affected by various factors such as power grid structure, supply and demand situation, and external environment. The bidding behaviour of market members is constantly adjusted with the market participation time. It is difficult to predict the market operating effect only through theoretical analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to study the multi-transaction concurrent operation energy trading simulation software that is suitable for the above-mentioned problems in order to solve the above problems, and provide technical support for simulation verification and comparison analysis for the relevant models and rules design of future sales participation in the electricity market. Before the official operation, the experimental simulation was carried out for the continuous operation effect of the market rules.
Correlation analysis of CO2 emission in logistics and other industries of China
Authors: Xu Aixia , Yu Ning
Published: May 2020

The paper calculates the total volume of CO2 emission of the logistics industry in China, the consumption factor and distribution factor based on the statistical yearbook and the input-output table, and analyzes the correlation between CO2 emission in the logistics industry and other industries of China. The result suggests that its total CO2 emission volume shows a linear upward trend, but its average growth rate and emission intensity are going down year by year. As the CO2 emission from the logistics industry is closely forward-correlated with that of the manufacturing, the construction industry and the logistics industry, it has a strong driving impact on the CO2 emission of the industries concerned. Meanwhile, the backward-correlation with the manufacturing and the electric power, gas and water production and supply industries, and the logistics industry makes the logistics industry the greatest consumer of CO2 emission from these industries. The development of the low CO2 emission-oriented logistics industry requires a reduction of indirect CO2 emission in the forward-correlated industries as well as the backward-correlated industries.
Experimental Study on Flow Resistance Characteristic of Corrugated Low Finned Tubes
Authors: Ren Bin , Pu Zhe , Tang Xiaoying , Lu Hongliang , Du Yannan , He Aini
Published: May 2020

The heat transfer enhancement techniques have been developed to the third generation. The most popular and successful enhancement techniques are the artificial roughness surface and helically corrugated tube. Corrugated low finned tube is a kind of helically corrugated tube with trapezoidal shape groove. In this paper, the flow resistance characteristic of corrugated low finned tubes was studied experimentally. The results showed that all the enhanced tubes had a larger friction factor than the smooth tube due to the turbulence augmentation and rotational flow produced by helical rib. Moreover, the friction factor ratios slightly increased with the raise of Reynolds number and rib height presents more significant effect on flow resistance. Finally, all the experimental data were fitted as the function of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, tube pitch and rib height. The research results can provide a foundation for designing heat exchangers using this enhancement technique.