bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrestling with Social and Behavioral Genomics: Risks, Potential Benefits, and Ethical Responsibility
Authors: Meyer Michelle N. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Benjamin Daniel J. , Callier Shawneequa L. , Comfort Nathaniel , Conley Dalton , Freese Jeremy , Garrison Nanibaa' A. , Hammonds Evelynn M. , Harden K. Paige , Lee Sandra Soo‐Jin , Martin Alicia R. , Martschenko Daphne Oluwaseun , Neale Benjamin M. , Palmer Rohan H. C. , Tabery James , Turkheimer Eric , Turley Patrick , Parens Erik
Published: April 2023

In this consensus report by a diverse group of academics who conduct and/or are concerned about social and behavioral genomics (SBG) research, the authors recount the often‐ugly history of scientific attempts to understand the genetic contributions to human behaviors and social outcomes. They then describe what the current science—including genomewide association studies and polygenic indexes—can and cannot tell us, as well as its risks and potential benefits. They conclude with a discussion of responsible behavior in the context of SBG research. SBG research that compares individuals within a group according to a “sensitive” phenotype requires extra attention to responsible conduct and to responsible communication about the research and its findings. SBG research (1) on sensitive phenotypes that (2) compares two or more groups defined by (a) race, (b) ethnicity, or (c) genetic ancestry (where genetic ancestry could easily be misunderstood as race or ethnicity) requires a compelling justification to be conducted, funded, or published. All authors agree that this justification at least requires a convincing argument that a study's design could yield scientifically valid results; some authors would additionally require the study to have a socially favorable risk‐benefit profile.
Mapping breastfeeding and COVID‐19 related content and engagement on Facebook: Results from an online social listening study
Authors: White Becky K. , Burns Sharyn K. , Carson Jennie , Scott Jane A.
Published: April 2023

Issue addressed

The COVID‐19 pandemic has seen evidence and advice evolve quickly. Since the start of the pandemic there has been confusion and concern about breastfeeding and COVID‐19, and advice for this group has at times been contradictory. The volume of information on social media has exacerbated this. This study aimed to understand breastfeeding‐related COVID‐19 information sharing on social media during the global and Australian vaccine roll‐out.

Methods

The CrowdTangle platform was used to source data from December 2020 to December 2021. Posts were categorised to intent and source and mapped to a timeline of pandemic‐related events and announcements. Descriptive analysis was used to understand data distribution patterns and qualitative analysis for post‐intent.

Results

A total of 945 posts were included. Post‐interactions ranged from 0 to 6500. Vaccine‐related posts were the highest in number and increased over time. Non‐profit organisations shared the highest number of posts (n = 241), but interactions were highest with personal and government accounts. Peaks in posts and interactions mapped to key pandemic‐related announcements and events.

Conclusion

These results describe the breastfeeding and COVID‐19 related content shared on Facebook over 13 months, and the associated interactions. Breastfeeding is an important public health issue and breastfeeding women have experienced conflicting and confusing breastfeeding‐related information during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Better understanding of social media usage, and the monitoring of changes in usage, as an emergency unfolds, can help target communications. This article adds to the evidence in understanding user reactions to COVID‐19 related breastfeeding information on social media.

So what?

Social listening is an important part of health communication and infodemic management. Understanding how users react to and engage with COVID‐19 related breastfeeding information on social media can help to understand how the general public perceives and responds to health advice and other information being shared.
Epidemiological and genetic evidence for the relationship between ABO blood group and human cancer
Authors: Cui Huijie , Qu Yang , Zhang Li , Zhang Wenqiang , Yan Peijing , Yang Chao , Zhang Min , Bai Ye , Tang Mingshuang , Wang Yutong , Chen Lin , Xiao Chenghan , Zou Yanqiu , Liu Yunjie , Zhang Ling , Yang Yanfang , Yao Yuqin , Li Jiayuan , Liu Zhenmi , Yang Chunxia , Jiang Xia , Zhang Ben
Published: April 2023

To comprehensively evaluate the etiological role of ABO blood group in human cancer, we conducted a large‐scale meta‐analysis of 127 publications totaling 20 million participants including 231 737 patients of 20 cancers, supplemented by genetic evidence. Effects of A, AB and B groups on cancer risk were investigated by respectively comparing with O group and their combined counterparts, and subgroup analysis by ethnicity was conducted for O‐referent models. For cancer categories, A group increased risk of cancers of oral cavity and nasopharynx, digestive and female genital organs, while both AB and B groups showed associations with cancers of digestive and female genital organs. For individual cancers, A group significantly increased the risk of nine cancers including oral cavity (OR = 1.17, P = .013), stomach (OR = 1.19, P = 3.90 × 10−15), pancreas (OR = 1.33, P = 9.89 × 10−33), colorectum (OR = 1.09, P = .001), liver (OR = 1.23, P = .011), ovary (OR = 1.13, P = .001), cervix (OR = 1.17, P = .025), bladder (OR = 1.12, P = .025) and breast (OR = 1.06, P = .043). AB group showed associations with only three cancers: stomach (OR = 1.10, P = .007), pancreas (OR = 1.21, P = .001) and ovary (OR = 1.28, P = .006). B group, except for shared associations with A group on pancreas (OR = 1.20, P = 2.27 × 10−5) and cervix cancers (OR = 1.13, P = .011), had two distinct associations with esophagus (OR = 1.17, P = .002) and nonmelanoma skin cancers (OR = 0.96, P = .017). Ethnicity‐specific analyses revealed the notable effects of non‐O groups on pancreatic cancer both in Caucasians and Asians. In genetic analysis, four SNPs were associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, with rs505922 corresponding to O group showing the strongest protective effect (P = 1.16 × 10−23). Our study provided comprehensive evidence of ABO blood group associated with cancers and highlighted its carcinogenic role.
Multi‐target angiogenesis inhibitor combined with PD‐1 inhibitors may benefit advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients in late line after failure of EGFR‐TKI therapy
Authors: Yu Lian , Hu Yaohua , Xu Jianlin , Qiao Rong , Zhong Hua , Han Baohui , Xia Jinjing , Zhong Runbo
Published: April 2023

Treatments for NSCLC patients with EGFR‐TKI resistance are limited. Given that immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents may have synergistic antitumor effects, we aimed to analyze the effect of multi‐target angiogenesis inhibitor anlotinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combination therapy in NSCLC patients who failed EGFR‐TKI. The medical records of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with EGFR‐TKI resistance were reviewed. After EGFR‐TKI resistance, patients who simultaneously received anlotinib and ICIs were enrolled in the observation group, and those who received platinum‐pemetrexed chemotherapy were included in the control group. A total of 80 LUAD patients were reviewed and allocated to the anlotinib and ICIs combination therapy (n = 38) and chemotherapy (n = 42) groups. A re‐biopsy was performed in all patients in the observation group before the administration of anlotinib and ICIs. The median follow‐up was 15.63 months (95% CI: 12.19‐19.08). Combination therapy exhibited better PFS (median PFS: 4.33 months [95% CI: 2.62‐6.05] vs 3.60 months [95% CI: 2.48‐4.73], P = .005), and better OS (median OS: 14.17 months [95% CI: 10.17‐18.17] vs 9.00 months [95% CI: 6.92‐11.08], P = .029) than chemotherapy. Most patients (73.7%) received combination therapy as fourth and later lines of therapy, with a median PFS of 4.03 months (95% CI: 2.05‐6.02) and a median OS of 13.80 months (95% CI: 8.25‐19.36). The disease control rate was 92.1%. Four patients discontinued the combination therapy due to adverse events, but the other adverse reactions were manageable and reversible. The combination of anlotinib and PD‐1 inhibitors is a promising regimen for the late‐line treatment of LUAD patients with EGFR‐TKI resistance.
Premature ovarian insufficiency and chance of pregnancy after childhood cancer: A population‐based study (the Fex‐Can study)
Authors: Haavisto Anu , Wettergren Lena , Lampic Claudia , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Jahnukainen Kirsi
Published: April 2023

Endocrine complications are a common late effect after childhood cancer. Our study assessed the prevalence and predictors of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and prospects of pregnancy in young female survivors. This nationwide study combined registry and survey data for female childhood cancer survivors aged 19 to 40 years, identified through the National Quality Registry for Childhood Cancer in Sweden. Of 1989 approached young women, 1333 (67%) participated by completing a survey. Median age at diagnosis 1981 to 2017 was 6 (range 0‐17) and at study 28 (19‐40) years. There were two indicators of POI, induced puberty reported in 5.3% and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in 9.3% at assessment. In separate logistic regression analyses (P < .001), induced puberty and ERT were significantly predicted by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), abdominal irradiation, central nervous system irradiation and chemotherapy. ERT was also associated with older age at diagnosis. Of the 626 women (48% of responders) who had tried to become pregnant, 25% had undergone fertility investigations and 72% reported having a biological child. Treatment with HSCT was associated with 5.4 times the odds of needing fertility investigations (P < .001). Having a biological child was associated with non‐HSCT treatment, but also with ever having had a partner and older age at the time of study (all P < .001). In conclusion, the majority of those female childhood cancer survivors who had tried to conceive were able to successfully give birth. However, a small identifiable group of female survivors are at risk of subfertility and early menopause.
Determinants of influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women: Demographics and medical care access
Authors: Marin Evelyn S. , McCall‐Hosenfeld Jennifer , Weng Xingran , Wang Li
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate how sociodemographic and medical care access variables are associated with influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women in the USA.

Methods

This is an observational study using 2015–2019 data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Pregnant women aged 18–49 years were included. Weighted χ2 tests and weighted logistic regression models were performed using the software SAS.

Results

A total of 9149 pregnant women were included, of whom 39.9% received the influenza vaccine. Age, income, education and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with influenza vaccination. The following medical access factors were associated with a higher likelihood of receiving the influenza vaccine: having insurance (odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.97), having had a checkup in the past year (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.40–2.03), and having a primary care provider (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78). In subgroup analysis by race/ethnicity, non‐Hispanic black women had the least difference in influenza vaccine uptake between those with medical care access and those without.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the influenza vaccine uptake level was far from optimal among pregnant women. Influenza vaccine uptake was associated with social demographics and medical care access among pregnant women.
Oil prices uncertainty, endogenous regime switching, and inflation anchoring
Authors: Chang Yoosoon , Herrera Ana María , Pesavento Elena
Published: April 2023

Using a novel approach to model regime switching with dynamic feedback and interactions, we extract latent mean and volatility factors in oil price changes. We illustrate how the volatility factor constitutes a useful measure of oil market risk (or oil price uncertainty) for policy makers and analysts as it captures uncertainty not reflected in other economic/financial uncertainty measures. Then, in the context of a VAR, we investigate the role of oil price uncertainty in driving inflation expectations and inflation anchoring. We show that shocks to the mean factor lead to higher expected inflation and inflation disagreement among professional forecasters and households. In contrast, shocks to the volatility factor act as aggregate demand shocks in that they result in lower expected inflation, yet they do increase disagreement about future inflation among professional forecasters and, especially, among households. We also provide econometric evidence suggesting the proposed endogenous volatility switching model can outperform other regime switching models.
Development of a yeast reporter gene assay to detect ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle, a homolog of vertebrate retinoid X receptors
Authors: Ito‐Harashima Sayoko , Tsubouchi Yumiko , Takada Eiji , Kawanishi Masanobu , Yagi Takashi
Published: April 2023

Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) often affect homeostatic regulation in living organisms by directly acting on nuclear receptors (NRs). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the most highly conserved members of the NR superfamily during evolution, function as partners to form heterodimers with other NRs, such as retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D3 receptors. RXRs also homodimerize and induce the expression of target genes upon binding with their natural ligand, 9‐cis‐retinoic acid (9cRA), and typical EDCs organotin compounds, such as tributyltin and triphenyltin. In the present study, we established a new yeast reporter gene assay (RGA) to detect the ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle (Dapma‐USP), a homolog of vertebrate RXRs. D. magna has been used as a representative crustacean species for aquatic EDC assessments in the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development test guidelines. Dapma‐USP was expressed along with the Drosophila melanogaster steroid receptor coactivator Taiman in yeast cells carrying the lacZ reporter plasmid. The RGA for detecting agonist activity of organotins and o‐butylphenol was improved by use of mutant yeast strains lacking genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and/or plasma membrane drug efflux pumps as hosts. We also showed that a number of other human RXR ligands, phenol and bisphenol A derivatives, and terpenoid compounds such as 9c‐RA exhibited antagonist activity on Dapma‐USP. Our newly established yeast‐based RGA system is valuable as the first screening tool to detect ligand substances for Dapma‐USP and for evaluating the evolutionary divergence of the ligand responses of RXR homologs between humans and D. magna.
Characterization of cerebrovascular changes in mice treated with alcohol by photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Sun Weikang , Cai Bingdong , Rao Jie , Zhou Feifan
Published: April 2023

Alcohol has complex effects on cerebrovascular health. Monitoring the pathology of alcohol induced cerebrovascular changes in vivo is essential for understanding the mechanism and developing potential treatment strategies. Here, photoacoustic imaging was employed to examine cerebrovascular changes in mice under the treatment of alcohol at different doses. By analyzing the association of cerebrovascular structure, hemodynamics, neuronal function and corresponding behavior, we found that alcohol affected brain function and behavior in a dose‐dependent manner. Low dose of alcohol increased cerebrovascular blood volume and activated neurons, without addictive behaviors and cerebrovascular structure changes. With the dose increased, cerebrovascular blood volume gradually decreased, triggering obviously progressive effects on the immune microenvironment, cerebrovascular structure and addictive behavior. These findings will provide further insights into the characterization of the biphasic effects of alcohol.
Biomechanical CT to Assess Bone After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents With Obesity: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huber Florian A , Singhal Vibha , Tuli Shubhangi , Stanford Fatima C , Carmine Brian , Bouxsein Mary L , Misra Madhusmita , Bredella Miriam A
Published: April 2023

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is effective in treating cardiometabolic complications of obesity but is associated with bone loss. Our aim was to determine the effect of SG on the lumbar spine by biomechanical CT analysis in adolescents/young adults with obesity. We hypothesized that SG would lead to a decrease in strength and bone mineral density (BMD) compared with nonsurgical controls. In a 12‐month prospective nonrandomized study, adolescents/young adults with obesity underwent SG (n = 29, 18.0 ± 2.1 years, 23 female) or were followed without surgery (controls, n = 30, 17.95 ± 3.0 years, 22 female). At baseline and 12 months, participants underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of L1 and L2 for biomechanical assessment and MRI of the abdomen and mid‐thigh for body composition assessment. Twelve‐month changes between groups and within groups were assessed. Analyses were controlled for baseline and 12‐month changes in body mass index (BMI) by multivariable analyses. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of body composition on bone parameters. Our institutional review board (IRB) approved the study, and informed consent/assent was obtained. Participants in the SG group had a higher baseline BMI than controls (p = 0.01) and lost an average of 34.3 ± 13.6 kg 12 months after surgery, whereas weight was unchanged in controls (p < 0.001). There were significant reductions in abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle area in the SG group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Bone strength, bending stiffness, and average and trabecular volumetric BMD decreased in the SG group compared with controls (p < 0.001). After controlling for change in BMI, a 12‐month reduction in cortical BMD was significant in the SG group compared with controls (p = 0.02). Reductions in strength and trabecular BMD were associated with reductions in BMI, visceral adipose tissue, and muscle (p ≤ 0.03). In conclusion, SG in adolescents decreased strength and volumetric BMD of the lumbar spine compared with nonsurgical controls. These changes were associated with decreases in visceral fat and muscle mass. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination in dental trainees’ readiness for clinical practice
Authors: Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , Raskin Sarah E. , Garcia Dina T.
Published: April 2023

Purpose/objective

The aims of this study were to examine associations between heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination on readiness for clinical practice and to examine the mediating effects of social support and resilience.

Methods

A survey was distributed to dental trainees (dental and dental hygiene students) enrolled at a US dental school located in the mid‐Atlantic region. The survey assessed readiness for clinical practice and included measures of perceived discrimination, heightened vigilance, and the following wellness measures: perceived stress, resilience, anxiety, social support, and coping. Adjusted for gender, and race/ethnicity, we regressed heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination independently on students’ readiness for clinical practice. To assess mediation, we computed the direct effects of heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination and potential indirect effects mediated through social support and resilience.

Results

A total of 250 students who completed the survey had complete data on all variables. Five percent identified as Black or African Americans, 34% as Asians, and 8% as Hispanic/Latino. Sixty‐two percent were female and 91% were dental students. The overall mean (SD) heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination scores were 18.9 (4.9) and 10.5 (7.6), respectively. Only the mean score for heightened vigilance differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p = 0.02). Higher heightened vigilance (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 2.23), and perceived discrimination (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88) scores were independently associated with lower adjusted odds of reporting high confidence in readiness for clinical practice even after adjusting for the mediating effects of social support and resilience, although the association for heightened vigilance was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination appear to negatively impact dental trainees’ career readiness. Intentional efforts to prioritize an anti‐racism approach within dental education programs and patient care across the nation are warranted.
New insights into the pathophysiology of methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Head PamelaSara E. , Meier Jordan L. , Venditti Charles P.
Published: April 2023

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a severe inborn error of metabolism that is characterized by pleiotropic metabolic perturbations and multiorgan pathology. Treatment options are limited and non‐curative as the underlying causative molecular mechanisms remain unknown. While earlier studies have focused on the potential direct toxicity of metabolites such as methylmalonic and propionic acid as a mechanism to explain disease pathophysiology, new observations have revealed that aberrant acylation, specifically methylmalonylation, is a characteristic feature of MMA. The mitochondrial sirtuin enzyme SIRT5 is capable of recognizing and removing this PTM, however, reduced protein levels of SIRT5 along with other mitochondrial SIRTs 3 and 4 in MMA and potentially reduced function of all three indicates aberrant acylation may require clinical intervention. Therefore, targeting posttranslational modifications may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat MMA and related organic acidemias.
Resting‐State fMRI Study of Vigilance Under Circadian and Homeostatic Modulation Based on Fractional Amplitude of Low‐Frequency Fluctuation and Regional Homogeneity in Humans Under Normal Entrained Conditions
Authors: Xing Hanqi , Wu Zhiwei , Chang Yue , Ma Mengya , Song Ziyang , Liu Yuanqing , Dai Hui
Published: April 2023

Background

How brain neural activity changes at multiple time points throughout the day and the neural mechanisms underlying time‐dependent modulation of vigilance are less clear.

Purpose

To explore the effect of circadian rhythms and homeostasis on brain neural activity and the potential neural basis of time‐dependent modulation of vigilance.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

A total of 30 healthy participants (22–27 years old).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T, T1‐weighted imaging, echo‐planar functional MRI (fMRI).

Assessment

Six resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) scanning sessions were performed at fixed times (9:00 h, 13:00 h, 17:00 h, 21:00 h, 1:00 h, and 5:00 h) to investigate fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) diurnal variation. The fALFF/ReHo and the result of the psychomotor vigilance task were used to assess local neural activity and vigilance.

Statistical Tests

One‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in vigilance (P < 0.05) and neural activity in the whole brain (P < 0.001 at the voxel level and P < 0.01 at the cluster level, Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected). Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between neural activity and vigilance at all‐time points of the day.

Results

The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices tended to increase from 9:00 h to 13:00 h and from 21:00 h to 5:00 h, whereas the key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The vigilance tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices was negatively correlated with vigilance at all‐time points of the day, whereas the fALFF/ReHo in the key nodes of the DMN was positively correlated with vigilance.

Data Conclusion

Neural activities in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices show similar trends throughout the day, whereas the key nodes of the DMN show roughly opposite trends. Notably, diurnal variation of the neural activity in these brain regions may be an adaptive or compensatory response to changes in vigilance.

Evidence Level

1.

Technical Efficacy

1.
Peripheral blood parameters for predicting PICU admission and mechanical ventilation in pediatric inpatients with human parainfluenza virus‐induced pneumonia
Authors: Chu Fu‐lu , Li Chen , Liu Yiqing , Dong Bo , Qiu Yang , Fan Gang
Published: April 2023

Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs)‐induced pneumonia is an important cause of pediatric hospitalization, and some develop severe pneumonias requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mechanical ventilation (MV). The aim of this study is to investigate the value of peripheral blood (PB) parameters available on admission in predicting the need for PICU admission and MV due to pneumonia caused by hPIVs. A total of 331 cases including 277 (83.69%) on the general ward (GW) and 54 (16.31%) on the PICU were enrolled between January 2016 and June 2021. Of 54 patients admitted to the PICU, 24 patients (7.25%) received MV, whereas 30 (9.06%) did not. For both the PICU and GW groups, infants accounted for the highest proportion while school children had the lowest. Compared with the GW group, the PICU group had significantly higher rates of premature birth, fatigue, sore throat, headache, chest pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, and underlying diseases including congenital tracheal stenosis, congenital heart disease (CHD), metabolic disorder, and neurological disorder (ND), but significant lower proportion of exclusive breastfeeding and Z‐scores for weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, and body‐mass‐index (BMI)‐for‐age (BMIZ). Higher levels of some leukocyte differential counts (LDC)‐related parameters including counts of neutrophil (N), ratios of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio (dNLR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lower levels of some other LDC‐related parameters including lymphocyte (L) and monocyte (M) counts, ratios of lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and lower levels of PB protein (PBP)‐related parameters including red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, total protein (TP), and serum albumin were observed in the PB of patients in the PICU compared with those in the GW. Notably, higher PLR level and two comorbidities including CHD and ND were identified as independent risk factors for PICU admission, while lower PNI level as well as smaller numbers of RBC and L as good predictors. Low levels of TP might be a useful predictor of the need for MV. Overall, the relative contributions of LDC‐ and PBP‐related factors for accurate identification of patients required PICU admission accounted for 53.69% and 46.31%, respectively. Thus, determination of whether a patient with hPIVs‐induced pneumonia is admitted to PICU involves consideration of both the LDC‐ and PBP‐related parameters.
The association of work physical activity and recreational physical activity with periodontitis in the NHANES (2009–2014)
Authors: Pu Rui , Fu Mengdie , Yang Guoli , Jiang Zhiwei
Published: April 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between different types and intensity of physical activities (PA) and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.

Methods

The data of periodontal condition and PA of 10,714 individuals were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014 and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between the prevalence of periodontitis and two PAs (work PA and recreational PA) was respectively analyzed and adjusted by uni‐ and multi‐variable logistic regression models. The odd ratios (ORs), adjusted odd ratios (ORad), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated as the main outcome indicators.

Results

After adjusted by age, sex, race, poverty‐income ratio (PIR), diabetes, smoking status, alcohol use, and floss frequency, moderate and vigorous work PAs were significantly correlated with higher odds of periodontitis (ORad = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02–1.46; ORad = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04–1.89, respectively) while moderate and vigorous recreational PAs were correlated with lower odds of periodontitis (ORad = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95; ORad = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.43–0.71, respectively).

Conclusions

Work PAs and recreational PAs have opposite associations on the prevalence of developing periodontitis and their aggravating or protective associations enhance with the increase of intensity.
Effects of biochar on rice yield, grain quality and starch viscosity attributes
Authors: Chen Le , Guo Lin , Deng Xueyun , Pan Xiaohua , Liao Ping , Xiong Qiangqiang , Gao Hui , Wei Haiyan , Dai Qigen , Zeng Yongjun , Zhang Hongcheng
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Biochar can play a key role in improving paddy soil and productivity. However, there is limited information on the effects of biochar on rice quality and starch gelatinization. In this study, four rice straw biochar dosage treatments (0, 20, 40 and 60 g kg−1; CK, C20, C40 and C60, respectively) were set up to investigate rice yield components, rice processing, appearance and cooking quality, and starch gelatinization.

RESULTS

Addition of biochar increased the effective panicle, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate. However, it decreased the 1000‐grain weight, resulting in an increase in yield. In 2019, all the biochar treatments improved the head rice rate (9.13–11.42%), whereas in 2020 only the C20 treatment improved. Low biochar dosage had little effect on grain appearance. High biochar dosage significantly decreased the chalky rice rate by 21.47% and chalkiness by 19.44% in 2019. However, it significantly increased the chalky rice rate and chalkiness by 118.95% and 85.45% in 2020, respectively. Biochar significantly lowered the amylose content except for the C20 and C40 treatments in 2020, and the gel consistency. The C40 and C60 treatments significantly increased the peak and breakdown viscosities and decreased the setback viscosity compared with CK. Correlation analysis showed that starch gelatinization characteristics were significantly correlated with the head rice rate, chalky rate and amylose content.

CONCLUSION

A lower biochar dosage can improve the yield and milled rice rate and maintain a higher quality of appearance, whereas a higher biochar dosage can significantly improve starch gelatinization. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Risk factors for 30‐day soft tissue complications after pelvic sarcoma surgery: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos R. , Karczewski Daniel , Bedi Angad D. S. , Denwood Hayley , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Soft tissue (ST) complications after resection of bone and ST sarcomas of the pelvis occur more frequently than in appendicular tumors. We sought to identify risk factors for complications within 30 days of surgery.

Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used for this study. Patients with sarcomas of bone and ST of the pelvis were retrieved using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. Outcomes assessed were ST complications, overall complication rates, 30‐day reoperation, and mortality.

Results

A total of 770 patients with pelvic bone and ST sarcoma were included. The ST complication rate was 12.6%, including 4.9% superficial and 4.7% deep surgical site infections. Higher ST complication rates were seen in patients >30 years, with partially dependent health status, hematocrit <30%, bone tumors, tumor >5 cm, amputation procedures, and longer operative times. ST complication rates were 1.5 and 3 times higher in pelvic sarcoma surgeries than in the lower and upper extremities, respectively. Age >30 years (odds ratio [OR] = 5.07), hematocrit <30% (OR = 1.84), operative time 1–3 h (OR = 2.97), and >3 h (OR = 4.89) were risk factors for ST complications.

Conclusion

One in nine patients with pelvic sarcoma surgery will develop ST complications within 30 days. Risk factors for ST complications were age >30, hematocrit <30%, and longer operative time.
Visual predation risk and spatial distributions of large Arctic copepods along gradients of sea ice and bottom depth
Authors: Langbehn Tom J. , Aarflot Johanna M. , Freer Jennifer J. , Varpe Øystein
Published: April 2023

Changes in the community size structure of Arctic copepods toward smaller and less fat individuals or species have been linked to environmental changes. The underpinning mechanisms are, however, poorly understood. We use a two‐step hurdle regression model to analyze spatially resolved, long‐term survey data of the Barents Sea mesozooplankton community along gradients of water mass properties, sea ice, and bottom depth. We test the hypothesis that reduced visual predation, and hence increased survival in dim habitats, explains the distribution of large copepods. We expect the presence and biomass of large copepods to increase with increasing bottom depth and the occurrence of seasonal ice‐cover. The patterns and drivers that emerge from our analysis support our hypothesis: in the Barents Sea large copepods were predominantly found in deep troughs that intersect the shelf south of the polar front, or at shallower depths in seasonally ice‐covered waters northeast of Svalbard. On the banks, large copepods are largely absent whereas smaller copepods appear to survive. Top‐down control provides one plausible explanation for these distributions. Large copepods survive where sea‐ice shades the water or deep habitats permit escape from visual predators through vertical migrations. However, when upwelled onto shallow banks or flushed out from below the ice they are decimated by visual foragers. Therefore, advection and topographic blockage of vertical zooplankton distributions are key mechanisms for the efficient energy transfer and productivity in subarctic and Arctic shelf seas. New prolific foraging grounds may open up for planktivores where the ice‐edge recedes under a changing climate.
Thermoset thin film primers: Influence of substrate, layer thickness and wettability of additives in laboratory testing
Authors: Wiener Simon , Strauß Bernhard , Luckeneder Gerald , Hagler Josef , Valtiner Markus
Published: April 2023

Steel sheets are often protected from corrosion using primers in combination with a top coat. However, the effectiveness of primers alone has not been extensively studied. Here, we use a selection of complementary corrosion tests for benchmarking the performance of thin‐film primers across a set of varying engineering parameters such as thickness, wettability, and substrate. Five established tests were selected, covering all predominant mechanisms that may occur, namely tests for cathodic and anodic delamination and barrier protection. Electrochemical investigations, among others, were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior, while structural properties were analyzed using techniques such as SEM. A total of nine primer formulations were tested in a layer thickness range of 3–9 µm, on GI and ZM‐coated steel. Both layer thickness and substrate strongly influence performance, and to a lesser degree the primer formulation. Further, hydrophobization has a beneficial effect on cathodic delamination, while white rust formation is enhanced due to pigment leaching limitations. This suggests that competing effects can be traced well using the combination of the suggested five tests.
Maslow's hammer and nerve conduction studies: How best to use a powerful tool in the evaluation and treatment of diabetic neuropathy?
Authors: Smith A. Gordon
Published: April 2023

See article on pages 29–38 in this issue.
Optimization of helical soil nailing behaviors by response surface methodology and hybrid Coot optimization
Authors: Goyal Archita , Shrivastava Amit Kumar
Published: April 2023

Soil nailing is one of the effective methods of slope stabilization, and its stability mainly depends on the properties of both the soil and soil nails. Optimizing soil nailing parameters is an effective task to avoid installation issues. This work uses four input parameters: different shaft diameters, surcharge pressure, helical pitch, and inclination angle. The design plan for the experimentation is conducted using Box Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), performed in design expert software. In addition, RSM is used to determine the optimal design combinations. A total of 25 experimental runs are taking place, and the significance of the developed quadratic model is determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Hybrid deep belief network‐based Coot optimization (DBN‐CO) is also used to optimize the pull‐out capacity and the safety factor during installation for more precised prediction. When compared to others the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO predictive model represents the better performance with regressionR = 0.99. Also least MSE & RMSE and highestR&R2values obtained by hybrid DBN‐CO. The obtained experimental outcomes from RSM are 1.46 of safety factor, and 7.55 kN pull‐out capacity. The predicted results from the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO for the safety factor are 1.44 and pull‐out capacity is 7.77 kN. As a result, the optimal results of DBN‐CO are 3% greater than RSM, DBN, and artificial neural network (ANN). Based on prediction approaches the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO results are in perfect agreement with experimental values and are additional superior to the RSM, DBN, and ANN.
Prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in older patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Unsal Pelin , Guner Merve , Ozsurekci Cemile , Balli Nisa , Bas Arzu Okyar , Ozturk Yelda , Dikmeer Ayse , Burkuk Suna , Koca Meltem , Balci Cafer , Dogu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds

Alzheimer's disease is frequently encountered with nutrition‐related conditions such as malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, overnutrition, and micronutrient abnormalities in older patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in the same patient group.

Methods

A total of 253 older patients with Alzheimer's disease underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, which included nutrition‐related disorders, malnutrition via the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA‐SF), frailty via the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People‐2 criteria.

Results

The patients' mean age was 79.8 ± 6.5 years, and 58.1% were women. In our patients, 64.8% had malnutrition or were at risk of malnutrition; 38.3% had sarcopenia; 19.8% were prefrail; and 80.2% were frail. Malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia prevalence increased as the Alzheimer's disease stage progressed. Malnutrition was found to be significantly related with frailty scores via CFS (odds ratio [OR], 1.397; P = 0.0049) and muscle mass via fat‐free mass index (FFMI) (OR, 0.793; P = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, age, MNA‐SF, and CFS were included in the model to detect the independent correlates of probable and confirmed sarcopenia. CFS was independently associated with probable and confirmed sarcopenia (OR, 1.822; P = 0.013; OR, 2.671; P = 0.001, respectively). Frailty was similarly related with FFMI (OR, 0.836; P = 0.031). Obesity was independently related with FFMI (OR, 0.688; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In conclusion, nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions can present concurrently in patients with all stages of Alzheimer's disease; therefore, these frequent problems should be screened and diagnosed accordingly.
Medical line entanglement: The unspoken patient safety hazard of medical devices
Authors: Larimer Cara , Sumner Vanessa , Wander Diane
Published: April 2023

Background

In February 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration published a safety communication regarding the risk of strangulation from enteral feeding delivery sets. When it comes to the causes of accidental strangulation or asphyxiation, it is common knowledge that household items, such as window blind cords, are potential hazards. However, many people may not expect that medical devices may pose similar risks because of medical line entanglement (MLE).

Methods

A survey of clinicians from pediatric acute care and outpatient facilities and caregivers of patients with medical lines was conducted with a goal to understand if clinicians and caregivers are aware of MLE, if healthcare facilities have policies and procedures related to the prevention of MLE, and if education about the risks of MLE is provided to caregivers when they first receive a medical device.

Results

The survey was shared through clinician organizations and patient advocacy groups. Responses were received from 191 clinicians and 117 caregivers. A majority of clinicians reported awareness of the risk of entanglement; however, few received direction from their employer on managing these risks. Caregivers (N = 106) reported that their child had experienced MLE, however only 9% of those caregivers recalled receiving any education on MLE from their healthcare providers.

Conclusion

This survey demonstrates the need for healthcare facilities to develop programs for managing risks of MLE and for healthcare teams and caregivers to discuss prevention methods whenever an at‐risk patient is sent home with a medical device that poses a risk for entanglement.
A randomized trial examining the effect of yoga on dietary lapses and lapse triggers following behavioral weight loss treatment
Authors: Unick Jessica L. , Dunsiger Shira I. , Bock Beth C. , Sherman Sally A. , Braun Tosca D. , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Wing Rena R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Dietary lapses can hinder weight loss and yoga can improve self‐regulation, which may protect against lapses. This study examined the effect of yoga on dietary lapses, potential lapse triggers (e.g., affective states, cravings, dietary temptations), and reasons for initiating eating following weight loss treatment.

Methods

Sixty women with overweight/obesity (34.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were randomized to a 12 week yoga intervention (2x/week; YOGA) or contact‐matched control (cooking/nutrition classes; CON) following a 12‐week behavioral weight loss program. Participants responded to smartphone surveys (5x/day) over a 10‐day period at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks to assess lapses and triggers.

Results

At 24 weeks, YOGA and CON differed on several types of lapses (i.e., less eating past full, eating more than usual, loss of control when eating, self‐identified overeating, difficulty stopping eating in YOGA), and YOGA was less likely to eat to feel better or in response to stress (ps < 0.05). YOGA also reported less stress and anxiety and more positive affect (ps < 0.01); dietary temptations and cravings did not differ from CON.

Conclusion

Yoga resulted in fewer dietary lapses and improved affect among women with overweight/obesity following weight loss. While preliminary, findings suggest that yoga should be considered as a potential component of weight loss treatment to target dietary lapses.
Pregnancy termination at a viable stage in daily clinical practice: A nationwide mortality follow‐back study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Roets Ellen , Beernaert Kim , Chambaere Kenneth , Deliens Luc , van Berkel Kim , De Catte Luc , Vanhaesebrouck Sophie , Roelens Kristien , Dombrecht Laure
Published: April 2023

Objective

Congenital malformations are frequently diagnosed prenatally even at a viable stage. No adequate registration of incidence and characteristics of late termination of pregnancy (TOP) or abortion for medical reasons exists in Flanders.

Methods

Nationwide mortality follow‐back survey sent to physicians signing death certificates of all stillbirths for 22 weeks gestation onward (September 2016–December 2017) in Flanders, Belgium. Questions measured whether late TOP preceded stillbirth, and which clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were indicated. Questionnaire data were linked with sociodemographic information from death certificates.

Results

Response rate was 56% (203/366). 38% of stillbirths (77/203) concerned late TOP. In 88.3% of late TOPs, physicians classified congenital anomalies of the foetus as serious or very serious (incompatibility with life outside the womb or severe neurological or physical impairment). In 26% of cases, late TOP was first suggested by the physician rather than spontaneously requested by parents (73%). 88% of late TOPs were discussed in open team meetings.

Conclusions

2/5 stillbirths were preceded by late TOP, indicating severe underreportation by existing registrations and a dire need for adequate registration methods. Although late TOP was most often explicitly requested by parents, in ¼ cases termination was suggested first by physicians. Parents are sometimes hesitant to bring up late TOP themselves, indicating that TOP should always be counselled as an equivalent option.
Registration of ‘USDA Rattler’ pinto bean
Authors: Miklas Phillip N. , Soler‐Garzón Alvaro , Valentini Giseli , Pastor‐Corrales Marcial
Published: April 2023

The pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ‘USDA Rattler’ (Reg. no. CV‐350, PI 693789), was released by the USDA‐ARS in 2021 as a high‐yielding, upright, full‐season cultivar with abiotic stress tolerance. It was bred for broad adaptation to the different bean production regions across the United States by selection for high yield performance under nonstress and multiple stress trials in Washington state. The multiple stress trials included a “purgatory” plot with low fertility, intermittent drought, and soil compaction, and a separate trial which simulated terminal drought. Conversely, the nonstress trials were well watered and fertilized to optimize yield potential. Yield stability is evidenced by the mean seed yield for the breeding line PT11‐13, from which USDA Rattler was selected, numerically exceeding the trial means for 33 of 38 location‐years. Broad adaptation for USDA Rattler is further evidenced by an average seed yield of 4547 kg ha−1 across 10 location‐years in the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. Genetic markers as well as pathogen testing indicate USDA Rattler has I and bc‐3 gene combination for durable resistance to all known strains of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Greenhouse testing with four races of the rust pathogen indicated USDA Rattler is fixed for the Ur‐3 resistance gene but is heterogenous for presence of the Ur‐11 resistance gene. The seed size, appearance, and canning quality characteristics of USDA Rattler meets the industry standards for packaging and processing.