bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Feature Selection Algorithm for Cancer Classification using Gene Expression Data
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Kabir Muhammad , Ali Zakir , Arif Muhammad , Ali Farman , Yu Dong-Jun
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective:

Cancer is a dangerous disease worldwide, caused by somatic
mutations in the genome. Diagnosis of this deadly disease at an early stage is exceptionally new
clinical application of microarray data. In DNA microarray technology, gene expression data have a
high dimension with small sample size. Therefore, the development of efficient and robust feature
selection methods is indispensable that identify a small set of genes to achieve better classification
performance.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we developed a hybrid feature selection method that
integrates correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
(MOEA) approaches which select the highly informative genes. The hybrid model with Redial base
function neural network (RBFNN) classifier has been evaluated on 11 benchmark gene expression
datasets by employing a 10-fold cross-validation test.

Results:

The experimental results are compared with seven conventional-based feature selection and
other methods in the literature, which shows that our approach owned the obvious merits in the
aspect of classification accuracy ratio and some genes selected by extensive comparing with other
methods.

Conclusion:

Our proposed CFS-MOEA algorithm attained up to 100% classification accuracy for
six out of eleven datasets with a minimal sized predictive gene subset.
Molecular Modeling Approaches for the Prediction of Selected Pharmacokinetic Properties
Authors: Petito Emilio S. , Foster David J.R. , Ward Michael B. , Sykes Matthew J.
Published: December 2018

Poor profiles of potential drug candidates, including pharmacokinetic properties, have been
acknowledged as a significant hindrance to the development of modern therapeutics. Contemporary drug
discovery and development would be incomplete without the aid of molecular modeling (in-silico) techniques,
allowing the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties such as clearance, unbound fraction,
volume of distribution and bioavailability. As with all models, in-silico approaches are subject to their
interpretability, a trait that must be balanced with accuracy when considering the development of new
methods. The best models will always require reliable data to inform them, presenting significant challenges,
particularly when appropriate in-vitro or in-vivo data may be difficult or time-consuming to obtain.
This article seeks to review some of the key in-silico techniques used to predict key pharmacokinetic
properties and give commentary on the current and future directions of the field.
Synthesis, Plasmodium falciparum Inhibitory Activity, Cytotoxicity and Solubility of N2 ,N4 -Disubstituted Quinazoline-2,4-diamines.
Authors: Pobsuk Nattakarn , Suphakun Praphasri , Hannongbua Supa , Nantasenamat Chanin , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Gleeson M. Paul
Published: December 2018

Background:

Despite the development of extensive control strategies and treatment options,
approximately 200 million malaria cases, leading to approximately 450,000 deaths, were reported
in 2015. Due to issue of disease resistance, additional drug development efforts are needed
to produce new, more effective treatments. Quinazoline-2,4-diamines were identified as antiparasitic
compounds over three decades ago and have remained of interest to date in industry and
academia.

Objective:

An anti-malarial SAR evaluation of previously unreported N2
,N4
-disubstituted quinazoline-
2,4-diamines have been undertaken in this study. We have synthesized and evaluated new
derivatives against P. falciparum in our attempt to better characterize their biological activity and
overall physical properties.

Methods:

The synthesis of N2
,N4
-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines inhibitors is reported
along with activities in a radioactive labeled hypoxanthine incorporation assay against the f Plasmodium
falciparum (Pf.) K1 strain. In addition, cytotoxicity was determined in the A549 and Vero
cell lines using an MTT based. The aqueous solubility of key compounds was assessed at pH 7.4
using a shake flask-based approach.

Results:

We identified compounds 1 and 6p as sub µM inhibitors of P. falciparum, having equivalent
anti-malarial activity to Chloroquine. Compounds 1 and 6m are low µM inhibitors of P. falciparum
with improved cytotoxicity profiles. Compound 6m displayed the best balance between P.
falciparum Inhibitory activity (2 µM) and cytotoxicity, displaying >49 fold selectivity over A549
and Vero cell lines.

Conclusion:

Twenty one N2
,N4
-Disubstituted Quinazoline-2,4-diamines have been prepared in our
group and characterized in terms of their antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and physical properties.
Compounds with good activity and reasonable selectivity over mammalian cell lines have been
identified. SAR analyses suggest further exploration is are necessary to improve the balance of P.
falciparum Inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity and solubility.
Discovery of N-Phenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Mnk2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis, and Evaluation of in vitro Anti-leukaemic Activity
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed M. , Diab Sarah , Islam Saiful , Basnet Sunita K.C. , Noll Benjamin , Li Peng , Mekonnen Laychiluh B. , Lu Jingfeng , Albrecht Hugo , Milne Robert W. , Gerber Cobus , Yu Mingfeng , Wang Shudong
Published: December 2018

Background:

Aberrant expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is common in many types of cancer including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Phosphorylation of eIF4E by MAPK-interacting kinases (Mnks) is essential for the eIF4E-mediated oncogenic activity. As such, the pharmacological inhibition of Mnks can be an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer.

Methods:

A series of N-phenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives was designed and synthesised. The Mnk inhibitory activity of these derivatives as well as their anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 AML cells was determined.

Results:

These compounds were identified as potent Mnk2 inhibitors. Most of them demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 AML cells. The cellular mechanistic studies of the representative inhibitors revealed that they reduced the level of phosphorylated eIF4E and induced apoptosis by down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukaemia 1 (Mcl-1) and by cleaving poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). The lead compound 7k possessed desirable pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability.

Conclusion:

This work proposes that exploration of the structural diversity in the context of Nphenyl- 4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine would offer potent and selective Mnk inhibitors.
The Possible Effects of Dapagliflozin on 12-derived Electrocardiogram in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akkuş Oğuz , Akkuş Gamze , Kaypaklı Onur
Published: December 2018

Background: Dapagliflozin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has potential side
effects on electrolyte imbalance as it has diuretic effects which include decreasing glucose reabsorption,
increasing glucosuria and natriuresis. We aimed to determine the possible effects of dapagliflozin
on electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with type 2 DM.

Material and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 49 patients (25 female, 24 male). Patients
who had inadequate glycemic control besides using several oral antidiabetics, subsequently endorsed
with dapagliflozin, were included in the current study.

Results: Meantime interval from treatment initiation to control was 10.5 ± 5.03 weeks. Body mass
index, glucose, HbA1C, eGFR, LDL-C, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found to
be significantly lower at control admission (p<0.05). Creatinine and QT interval were significantly
higher at control admission (p<0.05). Baseline Tpe duration and baseline Tpe/QT ratio were found to
be significantly correlated with Tpe/QT difference (p<0.05). In linear regression analysis, baseline
Tpe/QT ratio was found to be the sole independent predictor of Tpe/QT difference (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Initiation of dapagliflozin treatment seems to be safe, up to several months, in terms of
serum electrolytes and ECG findings in patients with type 2 DM with a probable improvement.
The Ethnic Plots of Bioethics
Authors: Nikolaevna Sedova Natalia , Alexandrovich Navrotskiy Boris , Vladimirovna Reymer Maria , Alexandrovich Bakhtin Viktor
Published: December 2018

Bioethics of the ethnos has meanings that reflect the history and culture of a particular people. At the same time, the ethnos in its existence realizes the general bioethical principles and norms that integrate into ethnic bioethics. The ratio of these modifications of bioethics can ensure the self-preserving behavior of the ethnos and help maintain the genetic diversity of mankind. The assessment and standards in modern bioethics cannot be exactly the same for all countries and peoples; they must match the ethnic age of this particular ethnic group. Thus, scientifically-invariant biomedical ethics always functionally acts as a cultural reflection of the national model of medicine. On the other hand, the normative bioethical regulation allows adapting the National standards of medicine as a cultural complex to international requirements. The article shows the options for the ethical support of various ethnic parameters in medicine.
Bioetika sporta
Authors: Škerbić Matija Mato , Radenović Sandra
Published: December 2018

Nakana autora ovog rada jest dvojaka. S jedne strane, odrediti što je bioetika sporta te odrediti opseg tema koje obuhvaća. S druge strane, istražiti u kojoj su mjeri bioetičke teme iz prethodno detektiranog opsega prisutne u znanstvenom diskursu polja filozofije i etike sporta u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. Autori pritom uzimaju u obzir različitost znanstvenih pozicija (bioetičke, etičke i filozofske) gledanja na sport koje međusobno konvergiraju, kao i različitost njihove disciplinarne prisutnosti, etabliranosti i rekognacije u znanstvenom diskursu, odnosno akademskoj zajednici dviju država. Također, autori će utvrditi kvantitativne podatke vezane uz autore, teme, znanstvene članke, časopise i publikacije te identificirati one dominantne u obje države. Naposljetku, kroz paralelnu analizu autori će pokazati podudarnosti i analogije, kao i posebnosti i razlike.
A Practical Comparison between Islamic and Christian End-of-life Moral Guidelines towards Harmonization of End-of-life Care
Authors: Mallia Pierre
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to identify common ground on end-of-life issues between the Islamic and Christian cultures. Since these two cultures are more and more coming to live in the same countries, it is important to acknowledge common ground since the laws of countries apply to all. The paper will deal with several issues, including the stopping of futile treatment, the administration of ordinary and extraordinary care, defining the difference between death and allowing one to die, and accepting death as sometimes being an inevitable and acceptable outcome. The paper will also discuss palliative care including pain relief and sedation. From here one delves into the case of Persistent Vegetative States and the morality of over-enthusiastic treatment which pushes people into this state. It will also focus on the differences, such as passive euthanasia and analyze whether this is merely a difference in the interpretation of terms. There is also a phenomenon in some countries on querying the removal futile treatment and on lacking a legal framework in general on end-of-life. At least one study shows concern on religious moral grounds. The conclusion attempts to identify the common grounds on the end-of-life and whether morality and laws in this regard are guided by religious positions. It is important that laws respect the moral normative values of populations, especially with pressure coming from more liberal positions. Even if practices such as euthanasia (the discussion of which is not the scope of this paper) are introduced in countries, it is important that health care (and legislation) recognizes the common moral ground, the lack of which may lead to more suffering.
Medical Secret as a Basis of Medical Confidence in Relation Doctor-Patient – a View from Healthcare System of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Denić Dragana
Published: December 2018

The medical secret is one of the foundations of medical ethics and medical employees’ moral obligations, and it refers to the principle of not disclosing confidential information about the patient. Hippocrates considered the obligation to keep a medical secret to be the “sacred duty” of a physician. The medical secret was initially cultivated as ‘the know-how to remain silent’ (ars muta), while in the 18th century it becomes a legal duty that would be sanctioned according to the criminal law. Divulging a medical secret could thus lead to a criminal conviction, the obligation of compensation, and the responsibility in front of the court for medical employees. The main purpose of the keeping a medical secret is to protect patients’ interests, which follow from his constitutional rights to human dignity and privacy. The specific importance of a medical secret is attributed to it being a foundation of patients’ trust to medical employees, and this has an influence on the quality of administering medical care and on a better functioning of the medical system as a whole. The question is now how to secure the due respect and keeping of a medical secret in such a system, that is to say, how to revise this old-fashioned concept and adjust it to the reality? It is necessary to take a number of legal, organizational and technical steps by means of which a reasonable protection of privacy would be achieved. With respect to that, it is necessary to have a continued education in the domain of medical ethics of not only all of the medical employees, but also of data scientists and lawyers, because it is only the synergetic effort that will give the desired results. The investigated matter is primarily elaborated from the viewpoint of the Republic of Serbia healthcare system.
Conferences as a Tool for Interdisciplinary (Postgraduate) Learning in Bioethics
Authors: Nottingham Emma , Chrysanthou Alexander
Published: December 2018

In recent years, alongside the general advancement of bioethics in a range of professions, bioethics conferences, both at a national and international level, have developed and become increasingly popular. One challenge for those learning bioethics is often to engage with disciplines outside their own, for instance by exploring new methodological approaches or theoretical frameworks. The interdisciplinary nature of bioethics motivates the development of different forms of interdisciplinary learning. In this paper, the authors discuss the role of bioethics conferences that, it is argued, serve as an important tool for interdisciplinary learning and interaction in bioethics. Special reference is given to the Postgraduate Bioethics Conference, which the authors convened in 2014 and have since overseen, to demonstrate how such a conference can assist learning in bioethics.
Зависимость объемных электрофизических свойств мультикремния от параметров разориентации зерен
Authors: Пещерова С.М. , Якимов Е.Б. , Непомнящих А.И. , Орлов В.И. , Феклисова О.В. , Павлова Л.А. , Пресняков Р.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recombination activity of intragrain defects in multicrystalline silicon is investigated by the electron or laser beam induced current methods. The interrelation of the grain orientation with the character of the distribution of intragrain defects (dislocations and impurity inclusions) and their recombination activity is revealed. The defect grain structure is investigated using various etching procedures to reveal the defects. It is shown that the defect density and distribution in the grains depend on their orientation relative the growth axis. Therefore, it is intragrain defects and impurities that are to a large degree responsible for degradation of the nonequilibrium carrier lifetime when compared with grain boundaries.
Цепочечная модель декорирования зигзагообразной кромки графена
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor a brick-wall-like lattice topologically equivalent to the graphene lattice, a simple structural model of a zigzag edge decorated with particles is constructed. Analytical expressions for the energy band spectrum, densities of states, and occupation numbers of the graphene–particles system are derived for a system in the free state and for a system formed on a metal substrate.
Дифференциальные уравнения для восстановления производной безгистерезисной нелинейной вольт-амперной характеристики полупроводниковой структуры
Authors: Кузьмичев Н.Д. , Васютин М.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA sequence of inhomogeneous differential equations for reconstructing the derivative of the nonlinear current–voltage characteristic is studied. The right-hand side of these equations is the experimentally determined dependence of the first-harmonic voltage on direct current. Such voltage arises, e.g., at the output of a nonlinear semiconductor structure simultaneously exposed to alternating and direct current. Based on numerical solutions of differential equations, the developed technique is applied to reconstruct the derivative of the current–voltage characteristic of two antiparallel connected p – n junctions.
Эллипсометрический метод измерения температуры буферных слоев CdTe в технологии молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии CdHgTe
Authors: Швец В.А. , Азаров И.А. , Марин Д.В. , Якушев М.В. , Рыхлицкий С.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn ellipsometric procedure developed for noncontact in situ measurement of the CdTe buffer-layer temperature is presented. The procedure is based on the temperature dependence of the energy position of CdTe critical points and is intended for determining the initial temperature of the growth surface before epitaxy of the cadmium–mercury–telluride compound. An express method for determining the position of critical points by the spectra of ellipsometric parameter Ψ is proposed. A series of calibrated experiments is performed. They result in determination of the temperature dependences of the position of critical points. Estimations and the experiment show that the temperature-measurement accuracy is ±3°C.
Влияние отжига в ферромагнитном состоянии на структуру сплава железа с 18 at.% галлия
Authors: Черненков Ю.П. , Ершов Н.В. , Лукшина В.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe atomic structure of the iron–gallium alloy containing 18 at % Ga has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The samples were annealed in the paramagnetic ( T > T _C) and ferromagnetic ( T < T _C) state. In the first case, the structural state was fixed by quenching from the annealing temperature into water; in the second case, the structural state was obtained by slow cooling. The structural studies of the single-crystal samples were conducted on a four-circle X-ray diffractometer at room temperature. From the X-ray diffraction data, it follows that the alloy, independently on the heat treatment, contains B 2 clusters, i.e., locally ordered regions with the CsCl-type structure observed in alloys of iron with silicon (to 10 at % Si) and aluminum (7 at % Al) before. In addition to the B 2‑clusters, regions with the D 0_3 short-range order are observed in the quenched sample; the sizes of these regions significantly increases after annealing in the ferromagnetic state, i.e., a long-range order forms. The relation of the fine structural changes in the alloy due to various heat treatments with its magnetoelastic and magnetostriction properties is discussed.
Магнитострикция пленок граната (YSmLuCa)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-(FeGa)-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=- методом низкочастотной восприимчивости
Authors: Шаповалов В.А. , Кононенко В.В. , Шавров В.Г. , Каманцев А.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractCertification of new magnetic materials requires high-precision nondestructive methods. The method of measuring the magnetostriction constant of films by studying low-frequency magnetic susceptibility at elastic deformation of the films is proposed. The method allows a tenfold improvement of the accuracy of measurements of the magnetostriction constant as compared with the methods applied earlier.
Увлечение электронов в полупроводниковой наноструктуре потоком нейтральных частиц
Authors: Ганцевич С.В. , Гуревич В.Л.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe entrainment of current carriers (electrons) in a two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure by a flow of neutral particles (atoms or molecules) moving near its surface is considered. It is shown that the physical mechanism is similar to the entrainment of electrons with an ion beam inquantum wires, considered earlier in the works of V.L. Gurevich and M.I. Muradov.
О декорировании зигзагообразной кромки эпитаксиального графена
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwo approaches are proposed to the problem of the coupling of adsorbed particles with atoms of a zigzag edge of graphene formed on a metal substrate. The first approach is based on the Kalkstein and Soven scheme, which makes it possible to determine the electronic structure of a semi-infinite graphene sheet. The second approach is based on a cluster model of a zigzag edge. Analytical expressions are obtained for the local densities of the system’s states and the occupation numbers of a carbon adatom and an adparticle. The case of an isolated adparticle is considered in detail, and a method of taking into account the dipole–dipole interaction of particles aligned along the edge is proposed.
Масс-спектрометрия молекулы ксилита
Authors: Завилопуло А.Н. , Шпеник О.Б. , Пилипчинец О.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe technique and results of a mass spectrometric study on the yield of positive ions formed upon ionization of xylitol molecules by electron impact are discussed. The mass spectra of xylitol are studied in the range of mass numbers of 10–160 Da and in the range of bombarding electrons energies of 5–80 eV. Based on the analysis of the measured mass spectra, a scheme of xylitol fragmentation is proposed, which contains the most probable channels of formation of ion-fragments upon electron impact, when the energy of the incident electrons significantly exceeds the ionization potential of the molecule. The appearance energies of ionized fragments of xylitol are determined for the first time from the energy dependences of the effective cross-section formation of the ions upon electron impact. The dynamics of ionized fragment formation is studied in the temperature range of the initial substance evaporation of 340–410 K. The behavior of the temperature dependence indicates that the formation processes of water and oxonium cations compete with each other.
Влияние низкочастотных флуктуаций магнитного поля на удержание плазмы в торсатроне Ураган-3М при редких частотах столкновений
Authors: Пашнев В.К. , Сороковой Э.Л. , Петрушеня А.А. , Ожерельев Ф.И.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe plasma energy content in the Uragan-3M torsatron was determined by means of diamagnetic measurements under the conditions of its radiofrequency (RF) generation and heating (at near ion-cyclotron frequencies) in the presence of bootstrap current. The balance of power under the fast heating of plasma was considered and used as a basis to estimate the radiofrequency power absorbed by the plasma in the confinement volume. The behavior of energy losses in the discharge period was calculated, and the effect of magnetic field fluctuations on the energy losses within a frequency range of 0.5–70 kHz was discussed.
Моделирование удара вихревого кольца о твердую поверхность
Authors: Куйбин П.А. , Скрипкин С.Г. , Цой М.А. , Шторк С.И.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of interaction between a vortex ring and a solid surface is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Analytical formulas are provided that allow describing the pressure pulses arising when the vortex ring passes near the flat surface. The forms of pressure pulses are compared with those recorded in the experiment. The results may be utilized to predict the off-design regimes of a hydraulic turbine; such regimes are characterized by aperiodic high impacts in the hydraulic turbine’s circuit behind the runner.
Cинтез и испытания 1 m-=SUP=-3-=/SUP=- жидкого сцинтиллятора на основе линейного алкилбензола
Authors: Кузнецов Д.С. , Литвинович Е.А. , Мурченко А.Е. , Обиняков Б.А. , Оралбаев А.Ю. , Сухотин С.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe stability of a liquid organic scintillator based on linear alkylbenzene in a volume of 1 m^3 was measured. The measurements were performed using an iDREAM reactor antineutrino detector at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute. No systemic degradation of the scintillator light yield within an observation time of 225 days was observed. These long-term stability measurements of a large-volume liquid organic scintillator based on linear alkylbenzene are the first in Russia.
Влияние слоя аморфного кремния на адсорбционные свойства полупроводниковой структуры в условиях фотостимуляции
Authors: Стецюра С.В. , Козловский А.В. , Митин Д.М. , Сердобинцев А.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe photostimulated adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOx) on the surface of single-crystalline Si wafers with an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer was examined. Estimation of the difference between the surface coverage by GOx molecules deposited under illumination and in the dark showed that this value increased for the structures with a-Si layer by a factor of 2.5 in the case of n -Si and by a factor of 1.5 in the case of p -Si. It is revealed that the n -Si/a-Si structures can be used for preliminary photostimulation of the GOx adsorption  process.
Institutional Entrepreneurship Pemuda dalam Mengembangkan Pokdarwis Desa Wisata Nglanggeran
Authors: Fatchurrohman Luthfi Nurwafi
Published: December 2018

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang peran institutional entrepreneurship (kewiralembagaan) pemuda dalam mendorong terbentuknya kelompok sadar wisata pada masyarakat Desa Nglanggeran. Kehadiran wisatawan di destinasi wisata pedesaan telah membuka peluang dan tantangan untuk dihadapi secara tepat dan menguntungkan semua yang terlibat di Desa Wisata Nglanggeran. Sering terjadi dengan adanya destinasi wisata, maka masyarakat menggunakan kesempatan itu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dengan adanya kegiatan pariwisata tersebut. Pembentukan sebuah lembaga sangat penting sebagai wadah masyarakat untuk mengelola dan mengatur fungsi-fungsi pelaksanaan kegiatan kepariwisataan sehingga terwujud mekanisme yang teratur, jelas, dan kuat. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa mengenai Institutional Entrepreneurship Pemuda dalam Mengembangkan Pokdarwis Desa Wisata Nglanggeran. Unit analisis dari penelitian ini adalah kelompok sadar wisata Desa Wisata Nglanggeran. Informan dari penelitian ini merupakan masyarakat atau aktor dalam pembentukan desa wisata dan kelompok sadar wisata. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori pembentukan kelompok yang dicetuskan oleh Wheelan dan Kewiralembagaan yang digagas oleh DiMaggio dan disempurnakan oleh Kusworo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemuda yang dimotori oleh Sugeng Handoko berhasil memberdayakan masyarakat Desa Nglanggeran untuk aktif dalam pembentukan desa wisata sehingga masyarakat dapat mengambil manfaat yang didapatkan dari kegiatan kepariwisataan. Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam musyawarah, menyelesaikan permasalahan serta menentukan rencana pengembangan Desa Nglanggeran sebagai desa wisata langkah yang ditempuh adalah membangun struktur pengelolaan kelompok dan menciptakan jejaring kerja sama dengan stakeholder. Pengembangan Desa Wisata Nglanggeran memiliki dinamika, mulai dari munculnya aktor, berkembangnya jaringan, hingga prestasi. Dinamika tersebut berdampak positif pada pengembangan desa wisata.
Wirausaha Muda Membangun Desa: Dinamika Partisipasi Pembangunan Desa
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi Cahyani
Published: December 2018

Potret pembangunan desa mengalami perubahan yaitu paska adanya Undang-Undang Desa yang memunculkan visi dan komitmen baru terhadap desa. Harapan baru perubahan pembangunan bagi desa menjadi fokus para pihak termasuk pemuda. Beragam inisiatif pemuda muncul di beberapa wilayah Indonesia yang dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam proses perubahan sosial di desa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk; pertama, mendeskripsikan  ragam peran dan kapasitas pemuda dalam proses membangun desa dan; kedua, menganalisis potensi dan kapasitas pemuda dalam membangun jejaring untuk keberlanjutan peran pemuda dalam membangun desa. Tinjauan teoritis pembangunan desa, kewirausahaan dan partisipasi pemuda menjadi bagian pembahasan analitis dari kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa para wirausaha muda desa ini memiliki kesediaan untuk menjadi bagian dari solusi terhadap permasalahan sosial seperti kemiskinan, minimnya tenaga kerja pertanian maupun rendahnya kualitas pelayanan sosial di desa. Kapasitas pemuda dalam memobilisasi elemen masyarakat desa menjadi bagian penting dalam proses menggerakkan partisipasi warga untuk membangun desa. Implikasinya adalah adanya nilai tambah bagi desa yang muncul dari kemampuan kolektif untuk mendayagunakan potensi maupun aset lokal di desa.
Musisi Muda, Institusi Pendidikan dan Komunitas Musik
Authors: Sutopo Oki Rahadianto
Published: December 2018

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Dari Materialisme Ke Identitas: Transformasi Radikalisme Kelas Menengah Muda
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: December 2018

The terminology of radicalism had been accepted largery as physical expression aims to create violence and riots. Radicalism is understood as informal style to negotiate when formal politics unsuccessfully created resolution. The young middle class were categorized vulnerable groups which easily infiltrated within several of ideologies. However, it is important to be noted that radicalism is a way to make expression space for youth people. The role of social media altered characteristic of movement that become rigorious. By using both perspective namely new social movement dan resources mobilization, this article aimed to analyse great transformation on radicalism nowadays.
Bergerak di Tengah Banalitas Diskriminasi (Studi Mengenai Kader Anak Muda Dalam Menantang Eksklusivisme di Partai Politik Kota Malang)
Authors: Meiji Nanda Harda Pratama
Published: December 2018

This paper examines about the dynamics of youth in a political party in Malang,  East Java. The proliferation of young people and political parties give us an important picture, especially in the middle of the political situation in Indonesia which is getting negative. Instead of become apathetic, the youth are joined actively in the context of practical politics. A political party that should be an inclusive place for anyone in it (including those of young people) precisely do exclucivity by the others. Some youth who come from minority group especially based on race, class, and gender have experience about discrimination by some people in that party. Using qualitative method with biography approach, there are 3 key informants who will told about their narration related to exclucivity by some people in the political party. Although these youth cadres have experience about  racism, class, or gender discrimination, they still seem to be trying to survive and instead fight with in their own way.  For these youth the tendency of discrimination must be opposed from within the party because they assume that as a young generation have enough capital to change the future of the party for a better way.
ACCELERATED STABILITY TESTING OF ANTI-AGING CREAM: FORMATION OF MYRISTIC ACID AND STEARIC ACID AS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Authors: . Iskandarsyah . , . Harmita . , Rahman Azzahra Aliyya
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the stability of anti-aging cream using the accelerated stability test and calculating the levels of myristicacid and stearic acid as degradation products.Methods: Optimum conditions and validation methods for the mixture of myristic acid and stearic acid were determined to obtain a valid method fordetermining the levels of degradation products in anti-aging cream. Derivatization was performed with the Lepage esterification method, which usesmethanol-toluene 4:1 (v/v) and acetyl chloride catalysts. The analysis was performed using gas chromatography (GC) Shimadzu GC-17A system withan HP-1 column and flame ionization detection.Results: The column temperature was 120°C, with an increase of 10°C/min (up to 160°C) followed by an increase of 3°C/min (up to 220°C;maintained for 5 min) and an increase of 10°C/min (up to 260°C; maintained for 5 min). The injector and detector temperatures were 260°C and280°C, respectively, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of myristic acid and stearic acid were 16.655 min and 28.169 min, respectively,with tailing factor values of 0.734 and 0.943, respectively. Validation results fulfilled our acceptance criteria, which obtained linearity for myristicacid at y=9.6483+190.78x, with a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.9997, limit of detection (LOD)=0.0013 parts per million (ppm), and limitof quantification (LOQ)=0.0042 ppm. The linearity for stearic acid was determined at y=17.163+106.22x, with a correlation coefficient (r) valueof 0.9998, LOD=0.0016 ppm, and LOQ=0.0053 ppm. Results of the anti-aging cream stability test indicated that the average remaining levels ofisopropyl myristate from 0 to 3 months were 99.6283%, 99.1995%, 98.2571%, and 97.1511%, respectively. The average remaining levels of glycerylmonostearate were 99.6791%, 98.2881%, 96.2247%, and 93.7195% from 0 to 3 months, respectively.Conclusion: The expiration date of the anti-aging cream product was then calculated using zero-order kinetics and determined to be 10 months and9 days.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN A DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED MOUSE MODEL OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Estuningtyas Ari , Widiasari Santi , Kusmardi Kusmardi
Published: December 2018

Objective: The plant mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine whetherchitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract would yield superior anti-inflammatory effects in the colon of a mouse model of dextransodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, compared with ethanol extract alone after testing the acute toxicities (lethal dose) of both preparations.Methods: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles.Subsequently, mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leafextract at 12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (2% w/v) was administeredthrough drinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colonwith hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg BW of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles. Subsequently,mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leaf extract at12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (1% w/v) was administered throughdrinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colon withHE staining.Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract can be included in the practically non-toxic class of materials. However, anethanol extract of mahkota dewa leaf effectively inhibited DSS-induced inflammation in the mouse colon, regardless of delivery vehicle.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA FRUTICOSA LAUTERB. LEAVES
Authors: Shabrina Riza , Elya Berna , Noviani Arikadia
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to fractionate the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate leaf extract and to characterize the most active fractionsaccording to compound groups.Methods: The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated with column chromatography using a gradient elution system. Fractions were first screenedqualitatively for antioxidant activity before active fractions were quantified with respect to in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The compound groups were identifiedfollowing separation by thin-layer chromatography.Results: Fraction 11 exhibited the greatest DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 6.58 μg/mL, while the fraction with the greatestantioxidant activity according to the FRAP assay was fraction 10, with a ferric ion equivalent antioxidant activity value of 1015.34 μmol/g.Conclusion: Compound group identification revealed that Fractions 10 and 11 contained flavonoids, with two common to both fractions, whilefraction 10 also contained one specific flavonoid.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CEFTRIAXONE GENERIC AND PATENT IN CHILDREN WITH TYPHOID
Authors: Sari Santi Purna , Putri Icut Diki Adestia , Nursanti Binar
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to measure and compare the effectivity and cost of the two types of ceftriaxone to determine the more cost-effectivetreatment.Methods: In a cross-sectional analytical study, prescription and administrative financial data were retrospectively collected using the total samplingmethod. Data of 63 patients, comprising 43 and 20 patients treated with generic and patent ceftriaxone, respectively, were analyzed. The effectivenessof the treatment was measured in terms of the length of hospital stay of the patients. The total cost of the treatment was the total median of the costsof drugs, laboratory examinations, medical device usage, physician service, and hospitalization.Results: The effectiveness of both generic and patent ceftriaxone was 4 days of hospital stay. Cost-effectiveness ratio of generic ceftriaxone was Rp575,937.25/day and that of patent ceftriaxone was Rp 888,601.75/day.Conclusion: Generic ceftriaxone was more cost-effective than patent ceftriaxone.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE ANALYSIS IN SALIVA USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Hakim Muhammad Rezqi , Soedigdo Kuswardani
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate analytical methods for determining methamphetamine in saliva using gas chromatographytandemmass spectrometry (MS).Methods: The chromatography conditions were DB MS-5 capillary columns with a length of 30 m, inner diameter of 0.25 mm, mobile phase of Heliumgas 99.999%, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection of MS at m/z values of 58.00 and 91.00, respectively, and ephedrine HCl as the internal standard.Results: The validation of analytical methods for methamphetamine satisfies the validation criteria by the EMEA Guidelines 2011. Bioanalyticalmethods obtained were linear in the concentration range from 15.0 to 300.0 ng/mL with r>0.9999. Sample preparation was done using liquid–liquidmicroextraction with cyclohexane, supernatant residue was dried and reconstituted with approximately 100 μL of methanol.Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to saliva samples of methamphetamine users with levels in the range of test.
EFFICACY OF LOTION CONTAINING FRACTIONS OF SELAGINELLA PLANA LEAVES AND LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL. FRUIT FOR RELIEF OF SKIN ERYTHEMA
Authors: Wulandari Febriyanti , Djajadisastra Joshita , Elya Berna
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical stability of two lotion formulations containing Selaginella plana and Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) Standl. and investigated their safety and efficacy to relieve erythema due to exposure to the sun.Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial consisting of five treatment groups: Negative control, positive control, neutral control, formulaA test group (containing a 1% ethanolic fraction of S. plana and a 0.5% ethanolic fraction of L. siceraria [Molina] Standl.), and formula B test group(containing a 0.5% ethanolic fraction of S. plana and a 1% ethanolic fraction of L. siceraria [Molina] Standl.). Each group had erythema induced byexposure to sunlight for 30 min between 10:00 and 16:00. The severities of erythema 1, 3, and 24 h after application were assessed.Results: Formula A was significantly better than formula B (p<0.05) at reducing the severity of erythema.Conclusion: Formula A containing a 1% ethanol fraction of S. plana and a 0.5% ethanol fraction of L. siceraria (Molina) Standl. showed the greatestreduction in the level of erythema (p<0.05). S. plana may reduce the prostaglandin synthesis caused by sun exposure.
FORMULATION OF A CREAM CONTAINING ETHOSOMAL GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L. KUNTZE) LEAF EXTRACTS FOR IMPROVED DERMAL PENETRATION
Authors: Anwar Effionora , Inees Jeanetha , Ramadon Delly
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to formulate the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea into ethosomes and measure the resulting increases inskin penetration using a rat model.Methods: Ethosomes were formulated using ethanol concentrations of 25% (F1), 30% (F2), and 35% (F3), and those with favorable characteristicswere then incorporated into a cream for the determination of penetration into Franz diffusion cells.Results: We showed that the formulation F3 had the best spherical morphology, a Z-average value of 73.01 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.26, azeta potential of −47.77±3.93 mV, and the highest percentage of drug entrapment (49.46%±0.62%) compared with the other formulas. The totalcumulative EGCG penetration from the resulting ethosomal cream was 905.75±49.47 μg/cm2, whereas that from the cream containing green tea leafextract was only 413.92±52.83 μg/cm2.Conclusion: These data indicate a higher penetration of EGCG from ethosomal green tea cream than from cream containing non-ethosomal green teaextract.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SALE OF NON-PRESCRIBED ANTIBIOTICS IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ajie Anita Ayu Dwi , Andrajati Retnosari , Radji Maksum
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the sale of non-prescribed antibiotics in Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted across 190 randomly selected pharmacies in five administrative districts of Jakarta,Indonesia. Data regarding pharmacies were obtained from the Facility of Pharmaceutical Services Ministry of Health Data, in 2014, which includes allpharmacies in Jakarta. Further data were obtained using structured questionnaires.Results: Among the 190 respondents, 15 pharmacies (9.7%) never provided antibiotics without prescription, whereas 44 (23.6%), 60 (31.6%), and71 pharmacies (36.3%) provided antibiotic services without prescription rarely, sometimes, and always, respectively. Factors considerably associatedwith the increased sale of antibiotics without a prescription included the attitude and age of pharmacists, the type of pharmacy (independent or chainstore), and the presence of pharmacist assistants. Attitude was the most common variable related to providing antibiotics without a prescription.Conclusion: Antibiotics are frequently dispensed by community pharmacies in Jakarta without an appropriate prescription. These findings supportthe need for strict enforcement of pharmacy laws through improved inspections, and they highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines andeducational interventions to improve practices regarding antibiotic provision.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BOVINE SKIN GELATIN AND ANALYSIS OF GLYCINE, PROLINE, AND HYDROXYPROLINE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYFLUORESCENCE
Authors: Khoirunnisa Dini , . Harmita , Rukmana Taufiq Indra
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to isolate gelatin, determine its characteristics, and obtain analytical methods optimum for the determination of glycine,proline, and hydroxyproline levels in bovine gelatin.Methods: Bovine hide was hydrolyzed using 2% sodium hydroxide at an extraction temperature of 70°C for 3 h and a drying temperature of 60°C.Then, the gelatin extracts were evaluated using an organoleptic test; Fourier transform infrared analysis; pH measurement; and ash content, moisturecontent, and viscosity tests. Optimum analysis conditions for the determination of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline levels in bovine gelatin usinghigh-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector were as follows: Excitation wavelength, 265 nm; emission wavelength, 320 nm;mobile phase composition of acetic buffer: acetonitrile, 55:45; flow rate, 0.8 mL/min; C18 column with length 250 mm and inner diameter 4.6 mm;and particle size, 5 μm. Derivatization of amino acids was performed using the reagent 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride.Results: The results showed average levels of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in bovine gelatin, i.e., 25.10±0.09%, 14.28±0.11%, and 13.0±0.05%,respectively.Conclusion: The optimum conditions for bovine gelatin hydrolysis included HCl with heating for 22 h at 110°C. The hydroxyproline, glycine, andproline levels obtained for analysis in bovine gelatin samples were 13.50±0.05%, 25.11±0.09%, and 14.28±0.11%, respectively.
NOVEL TRANSETHOSOME CONTAINING GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L. KUNTZE) LEAF EXTRACT FOR ENHANCED SKIN DELIVERY OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TEST
Authors: Anwar Effionora , Ramadon Delly , Ardi Ghina Desviyanti
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to formulate a transethosome cream (TEC) to increase skin penetration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in green tealeaf extract and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and skin penetration capacity.Methods: Transethosomes were prepared through thin-layer hydration method in three formulations (F1−F3) with different Span 80 and ethanol concentrations.Transethosome morphology was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, particle size, polydispersity (PDI), and zeta potential using a particlesize analyzer and entrapment efficiency (EE). Penetration was tested using an in vitro Franz diffusion cell with female Sprague-Dawley rat skin as themembrane.Results: Transethosome F2 containing green tea extract equivalent to 3% EGCG, 4% Lipoid P30, 0.75% Span 80, and 30% ethanol had the bestcharacteristic including spherical shape, smallest particle size (35.35 nm), 0.319 PDI, zeta potential of −29.97±3.05 mV, and highest EE of45.26%±8.15%. TEC permitted greater flux than non-TEC (first phase: 60.56±4.52 vs. 25.69±0.83 μg•cm−2•h−1 and second phase: 23.13±1.38 vs.7.36±1.59 μg•cm−2•h−1).Conclusion: Transethosome can increase the skin penetration of green tea leaf extract.