bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Reef Fish Community Structure Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Lewis Justin P. , Tarnecki Joseph H. , Garner Steven B. , Chagaris David D. , Patterson William F.
Published: April 2020

Large-scale anthropogenic disturbances can have direct and indirect effects on marine communities, with direct effects often taking the form of widespread injury or mortality and indirect effects manifesting as changes in food web structure. Here, we report a time series that captures both direct and indirect effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) on northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) reef fish communities. We observed significant changes in community structure immediately following the DWH, with a 38% decline in species richness and 26% decline in Shannon-Weiner diversity. Initial shifts were driven by widespread declines across a range of trophic guilds, with subsequent recovery unevenly distributed among guilds and taxa. For example, densities of small demersal invertivores, small demersal browsers, generalist carnivores, and piscivores remained persistently low with little indication of recovery seven years after the DWH. Initial declines among these guilds occurred prior to the arrival of the now-widespread, invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.), but their lack of recovery suggests lionfish predation may be affecting recovery. Factors affecting persistently low densities of generalist carnivores and piscivores are not well understood but warrant further study given the myriad ecosystem services provided by nGoM reef fishes.
Season of birth and sugary beverages are predictors of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Scores in adolescents
Authors: Al-Sabah Reem , Al-Taiar Abdullah , Rahman Abdur , Shaban Lemia , Al-Harbi Anwar , Mojiminiyi Olusegun
Published: April 2020

To investigate factors associated with cognitive functioning in healthy adolescents, a school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1370 adolescents aged 11–16 years that were randomly selected from all governorates of Kuwait. Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a non-verbal test of intelligence, was used to measure cognitive functioning of the study participants. Data on predictors of cognitive functioning were collected from parents and adolescents. Weight and height of the participants were measured in a standardized manner and blood samples were tested in an accredited laboratory under strict measures of quality control. In multivariable linear regression analysis, factors that showed significant association with the SPM score were gender (p = 0.002), season of birth (p = 0.009), place of residence (p < 0.001), father’s (p < 0.001) and mother’s (p = 0.025) educational level, type of housing (p < 0.001), passive smoking at home (p = 0.031), sleeping hours during weekends (p = 0.017), students’ educational level (p < 0.001) and the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks (p < 0.001). The link between cognitive functioning and season of birth seems to be robust in various geographical locations including the Middle East. The association between sugary drinks and cognitive functioning highlights the importance of diet independently of obesity and support efforts to reduce consumption of sugary drinks among children.
Mineral analysis reveals extreme manganese concentrations in wild harvested and commercially available edible termites
Authors: Verspoor Rudi L. , Soglo Murielle , Adeoti Razack , Djouaka Rousseau , Edwards Sam , Fristedt Rikard , Langton Maud , Moriana Rosana , Osborne Matthew , Parr Catherine L. , Powell Kathryn , Hurst Gregory D. D. , Landberg Rikard
Published: April 2020

Termites are widely used as a food resource, particularly in Africa and Asia. Markets for insects as food are also expanding worldwide. To inform the development of insect-based foods, we analysed selected minerals (Fe-Mn-Zn-Cu-Mg) in wild-harvested and commercially available termites. Mineral values were compared to selected commercially available insects. Alate termites, of the genera Macrotermes and Odontotermes, showed remarkably high manganese (Mn) content (292–515 mg/100 gdw), roughly 50–100 times the concentrations detected in other insects. Other mineral elements occur at moderate concentrations in all insects examined. On further examination, the Mn is located primarily in the abdomens of the Macrotermes subhyalinus; with scanning electron microscopy revealing small spherical structures highly enriched for Mn. We identify the fungus comb, of Macrotermes subhyanus, as a potential biological source of the high Mn concentrations. Consuming even small quantities of termite alates could exceed current upper recommended intakes for Mn in both adults and children. Given the widespread use of termites as food, a better understanding the sources, distribution and bio-availability of these high Mn concentrations in termite alates is needed.
Epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sichuan Province, China, 2011–2017
Authors: Peng Di , Ma Yue , Liu Yaqiong , Lv Qiang , Yin Fei
Published: April 2020

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a threat to the Asia-Pacific region. The epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of HFMD vary with space and time. These variations are crucial for HFMD interventions but poorly understood in Sichuan Province, China, particularly after the introduction of the EV-A71 vaccine. Using descriptive methods, regression analyses, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and space-time scan statistics, we analysed the epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of HFMD surveillance data in Sichuan Province between 2011 and 2017 to identify spatio-temporal variations. The dominant serotypes of HFMD have changed from enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 to other enteroviruses since 2013. The seasonal pattern of HFMD showed two peaks generally occurring from April to July and November to December; however, the seasonal pattern varied by prefecture and enterovirus serotype. From 2011 to 2017, spatio-temporal clusters were increasingly concentrated in Chengdu, with several small clusters in northeast Sichuan. The clusters observed in southern Sichuan from 2011 to 2015 disappeared in 2016–2017. These findings highlight the importance of pathogen surveillance and vaccination strategies for HFMD interventions; future prevention and control of HFMD should focus on Chengdu and its vicinity.
Particle-mediated delivery of frataxin plasmid to a human sensory neuronal model of Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Czuba-Wojnilowicz Ewa , Viventi Serena , Howden Sara E. , Maksour Simon , Hulme Amy E. , Cortez-Jugo Christina , Dottori Mirella , Caruso Frank
Published: April 2020

Multilayered particles in gene therapy for Friedreich's ataxia induce a 27 000-fold increase in frataxin gene expression in a patient-derived cell model.
The use of principle component analysis and MALDI-TOF MS for the differentiation of mineral forming Virgibacillus and Bacillus species isolated from sabkhas
Authors: Abdel Samad Rim , Al Disi Zulfa , Mohammad Ashfaq Mohammad Yousaf , Wahib Sara Mohiddin , Zouari Nabil
Published: April 2020

Occurrence of mineral forming and other bacteria in mats is well demonstrated.
Highly hydrophobic metal–organic framework for self-protecting gate dielectrics
Authors: Inamdar Arif I. , Pathak Abhishek , Usman Muhammad , Chiou Kuan-Ru , Tsai Pei-Hsien , Mendiratta Shruti , Kamal Saqib , Liu Yen-Hsiang , Chen Jenq-Wei , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Lu Kuang-Lieh
Published: April 2020

A high-κcopper-based metal–organic framework with unusual dielectric behaviour and outstanding water resistant properties was successfully designed for self-protecting microelectronic devices as gate dielectrics.
An environmentally adaptive quasi-solid-state zinc-ion battery based on magnesium vanadate hydrate with commercial-level mass loading and anti-freezing gel electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Chen Jizhang , Chen Minfeng , Wang Anran , Huang Aixiang , Xu Xinwu , Xu Junling , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: April 2020

A quasi-solid-state zinc-ion battery exhibits remarkable areal and volumetric energy/power densities and excellent cyclability from −30 to 60 °C.
Screening metal-free photocatalysts from isomorphic covalent organic frameworks for the C-3 functionalization of indoles
Authors: Li Ziping , Han Songjie , Li Chunzhi , Shao Pengpeng , Xia Hong , Li He , Chen Xiong , Feng Xiao , Liu Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

An excellent framework photocatalyst was screened from a series of isomorphic COFs. The photocatalytic properties of C-3 functionalization of indoles by COF-based photocatalysts were first reported.
Enhancing the average thermoelectric figure of merit of elemental Te by suppressing grain boundary scattering
Authors: Wu Yehao , Liu Feng , Zhang Qi , Zhu Tiejun , Xia Kaiyang , Zhao Xinbing
Published: April 2020

Suppressed grain boundary scattering contributes to enhanced electrical conductivity and device zT in elemental Te based thermoelectric materials.
Chemical structure and optical signatures of nitrogen acceptors in MgZnO
Authors: Zakria M. , Bove P. , Rogers D. J. , Teherani F. H. , Sandana E. V. , Phillips M. R. , Ton-That C.
Published: April 2020

Nitrogen can be incorporated into MgZnO using low-temperature deposition. Donor–acceptor pair emission from N-doped MgZnO is attributed to molecular N2.
Thermal stability study of Cu1.97Se superionic thermoelectric materials
Authors: Shi Dong-liang , Geng Zhi-ming , Shi Lu , Li Ying , Lam Kwok-ho
Published: April 2020

The sample uniformity determines the repeatability of thermoelectric properties and offers the optimized zT of 0.8 at 800 K for the sample conventionally sintered at 973 K.
Multifunctional VI–VI binary heterostructure-based self-powered pH-sensitive photo-detector
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xu Yiguo , Zhang Chen , Guo Jia , Shi Zhe , Wu Leiming , Zhang Feng , Ma Chunyang , Cao Rui , Gao Lingfeng , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhang Han
Published: April 2020

2D Te@Se heterostructure is constructed for PEC-type photodetector. Te@Se-based photodetector exhibits pH-sensitivity in a wide pH range from 1 to 14 with many advantages like self-power, fast dynamic pH response, and long-term stability.
Augmented intelligent water drops optimisation model for virtual machine placement in cloud environment
Authors: Eswaran Sivaraman , Dominic Daniel , Natarajan Jayapandian , Honnavalli Prasad B.
Published: April 2020

Virtual machine placement in cloud computing is to allocate the virtual machines (VMs) (user request) to suitable physical machines (PMs) so that the wastage of resources is reduced. Allocation of appropriate VMs to suitable and effective PMs will lead the service provider to be a better competitor with more available resources for affording a greater number of VMs simultaneously which in turn reflects with the growth in the economy. In this research work, an augmented intelligent water drop (IWD) algorithm is used for effectively placing VMs. The preliminary goal of this proposed work is to reduce the overall resource utilisation by packing the VMs to appropriate PMs effectively. The proposed IWD model is tested under the standard simulation process as it is given in the literature. Performance of IWD is compared with the existing techniques first fit decreasing, least loaded and ant colony optimisation algorithm. Performance analysis shows the significance of the proposed method over existing techniques.
Simulation of discharge process of Hall thruster under the internal and external cathode conditions
Authors: Cao Xifeng , Liu Hui , Yu Daren
Published: April 2020

Hall thruster has been used widely in orbit correction and station-keeping of geostationary satellites for the advantage of high specific impulse, long life, and high reliability. The cathode is an important part of Hall thruster, which can neutralize ion beam and provide electrons to the thruster for ionization. At present, the position of cathode can be divided into two kinds: internal cathode and external cathode. And the discharge parameters under the two different cathode positions is very different, such as the coupling voltage and the ion density. And this paper considers the mechanism of influence of the cathode position on the discharge process of Hall thruster, the discharge process of Hall thruster under internal and external cathode conditions was simulated by PIC-MCC simulation method. The simulation results show that the electron conduction near the thruster outlet is relatively strong under the internal cathode condition. The trajectory of electrons emitted from the cathode position under the two conditions is further simulated. The simulation results show that the electrons will be bound by the magnetic field and form a virtual cathode when they enter the simulation area. The lower coupling voltage under the internal cathode condition is explained by comparing the positions of virtual cathode. At the same time, some electrons emitted from the internal cathode position can quickly reach the main beam region. The ion density distribution is also compared. The ionization regions of Xe+, Xe2+ and Xe3+ ions are relatively outside under the internal cathode condition, and the peak densities of Xe2+ and Xe3+ ions are relatively low. Compared with the experimental results, it is shown that the electron trajectory in the plume region has a significant effect on the plume shape.
Sturzprophylaxe in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Schmidt Simone
Published: April 2020

Im Interventionskoffer stellen wir Ihnen den Expertenstandard „Sturzprophylaxe in der Pflege“ vor. Hier erfahren Sie, wo in der Klinik personen-, medikamenten- und umgebungsbezogene Risikofaktoren lauern und welche wirksamen Maßnahmen und Hilfsmittel es gibt, um Stürze zu reduzieren.
Prozessorientierte Pflegedokumentation und Pflegediagnostik
Authors: Ziegler Maximilian , Kugler Markus , Spranger Brigitte
Published: April 2020

Bei der Pflegedokumentation und -diagnostik stehen Pflegende häufig vor einem Dilemma: Zum einen müssen sie die fachlichen, rechtlichen und erlösrelevanten Anforderungen abdecken, zum anderen sollen sie die Sichtweisen, Wünsche und Ziele des Patienten soweit wie möglich einbeziehen. Um für alle Beteiligten den optimalen Nutzen zu erreichen, wurde am Zentrum für psychische Gesundheit am Klinikum Ingolstadt ein Katalog mit praxisnahen Formulierungshilfen entwickelt. Damit gelingt es, den Fokus des Pflegeberichts auf die Interventionen und Pflegeplanung zu richten.
Pflegediagnosen im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Joachim Kolbe Harald , Risy Silke
Published: April 2020

Pflegende, die im Maßregelvollzug arbeiten, bemerken bei ihren Patienten manchmal deliktrelevante Verhaltensweisen, die gefährlich werden könnten und für ein ungutes Bauchgefühl sorgen. Um diesem subjektiven Gefühl eine professionelle Stimme zu verleihen, sollten diese Verhaltensweisen systematisch durch die Pflegediagnose aufbereitet werden. Unsere Autoren stellen eine forensikspezifische Pflegediagnose vor und schildern musterhafte Verhaltensweisen sowie pflegerische Interventionen.
Schaden oder Nutzen?
Authors: Mittag Jonas
Published: April 2020

Die Nachfrage auf dem sehr breit gefächerten Markt für Nahrungsergänzungsmittel steigt seit Jahren kontinuierlich an. Die Produktpalette reicht von den klassischen Vitamin- und Mineralstoffsupplementen über Phytoextrakte wie etwa Knoblauchtabletten bis hin zu Proteinshakes und Fischölkapseln. Dieser Artikel beschränkt sich auf Nahrungsergänzungsmittel aus dem Bereich der Vitamin- und Mineralstoffpräparate.
A head-to-head comparison of speckle tracking echocardiography and feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in right ventricular deformation
Authors: Taha Karim , Bourfiss Mimount , te Riele Anneline S J M , Cramer Maarten-Jan M , van der Heijden Jeroen F , Asselbergs Folkert W , Velthuis Birgitta K , Teske Arco J
Published: April 2020

Aims

Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (FT-CMR) are advanced imaging techniques which are both used for quantification of global and regional myocardial strain. Direct comparisons of STE and FT-CMR regarding right ventricular (RV) strain analysis are limited. We aimed to study clinical performance, correlation and agreement of RV strain by these techniques, using arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) as a model for RV disease.

Methods and results

We enrolled 110 subjects, including 34 patients with definite ARVC, 30 preclinical relatives of ARVC patients, and 46 healthy control subjects. Global and regional RV longitudinal peak strain (PS) were measured by STE and FT-CMR. Both modalities showed reduced strain values in ARVC patients compared to ARVC relatives (STE global PS: P < 0.001; FT-CMR global PS: P < 0.001) and reduced strain values in ARVC relatives compared to healthy control subjects (STE global PS: P = 0.042; FT-CMR global PS: P = 0.084). There was a moderate, albeit significant correlation between RV strain values obtained by STE and FT-CMR [global PS r = 0.578 (95% confidence interval 0.427–0.697), P < 0.001]. Agreement between the techniques was weak (limits of agreement for global PS: ±11.8%). Correlation and agreement both deteriorated when regional strain was studied.

Conclusion

RV STE and FT-CMR show a similar trend within the spectrum of ARVC and have significant correlation, but inter-modality agreement is weak. STE and FT-CMR may therefore both individually have added value for assessment of RV function, but RV PS values obtained by these techniques currently cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Multi-Index Quantitative Evaluation of Angelicae sinesis Radix Based on 1H-qNMR
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Qian , Feng Yanmei , Yang Lan , Qiu Daiyu , Guo Yehong
Published: April 2020

Background

As known to us, HPLC method was often used to determine the contents of Angelicae sinesis Radix. In view of the shortcomings of HPLC method, qNMR has prominent advantages in determining the contents of bioactive components in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Objective

In this study, a quick, simple, and accurate method was established to determine the components of ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate, and ligustilide in Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Method

Using dimethyl sulfoxide-d6(DMSO-d6) as the test solvent and pyrazine as the internal standard substance, 1H-qNMR measurement was performed on a 600 MHz spectrometer. The quantitative resonance peaks of pyrazine, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and coniferyl ferulate were at δ8.66 ppm, δ6.35–6.37 ppm, δ5.53–5.55 ppm, and δ6.50–6.53 ppm, respectively.

Results

The linear relationship, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, stability, and recovery were verified and the results were good. On the other hand, it was verified by HPLC, and the HPLC used for verification passed the methodological investigation of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery, and the results were good. In addition, no significant difference in results was found between the 1H-qNMR and HPLC-UV methods in determining the content of three components in three batches of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Conclusions

The method can be used for simultaneous determination of three active components, and providing a scientific basis for the overall quality evaluation and quality control of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Hightlights

In this study, 1H-qNMR was used to determine ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in Angelicae Sinensis Radix for the first time.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Raltegravir-Containing Regimen in Children Aged 4 Weeks to 2 Years Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Receiving Rifampin for Tuberculosis
Authors: Krogstad Paul , Samson Pearl , Acosta Edward P , Moye Jack , Townley Ellen , Bradford Sarah , Brown Emily , Denson Kayla , Graham Bobbie , Hovind Laura , Sise Thucuma , Teppler Hedy , Mathiba Sisinyana Ruth , Fairlie Lee , Winckler Jana L , Slade Gretchen , Meyers Tammy ,   International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1101 Team
Published: April 2020

Pharmacological interactions limit treatment options for children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). We found that 12 mg/kg twice daily raltegravir chewable tablets (administered after crushing) safely achieved pharmacokinetic targets in children living with HIV aged 4 weeks to <2 years receiving concurrent rifampin to treat TB.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT01751568.
Incidental finding after laparoscopic gastric sleeve, the value of pathology
Authors: Aguayo William G , Rojas Christian L , Molina Gabriel A , Cisneros Javier , Reyes Hernan V , Haro Hugo Efrain
Published: April 2020

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare tumors with a broad spectrum of symptoms; in recent years, the number of cases has increased due to the growing number of upper endoscopies. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and bariatric surgery one of the most effective therapies to control this illness. As more surgeries are performed, the number of histopathological samples will also increase. Incidental discoveries on these histopathological specimens are difficult situations to encounter as medical plans, prognosis and therapy will have to change accordingly. We present the case of a 43-year-old patient who underwent a laparoscopic gastric sleeve. On pathology, a NET was detected, and additional surgery was required. On follow-ups, the patient is doing well.
Reducing onward spread of COVID-19 from imported cases: quarantine and ‘stay at home’ measures for travellers and returning residents to Singapore
Authors: Chiew Calvin J , Li Zongbin , Lee Vernon J
Published: April 2020

Singapore imposed a 14-day ‘Stay-Home Notice’ (SHN) on travellers and returning residents to reduce secondary transmission from imported cases of COVID-19. In this article, we describe the processes and enforcement of SHN and explore the issues faced by individuals under such quarantine and the steps taken to address them.
Defying easy explanations—the case of Pennington v Waine 18 years on
Authors: Sutherland Sean
Published: April 2020

The case of Pennington v Waine has been subject to extensive scholarly attention. Many have sought to fit the case into established categories, such as proprietary estoppel or the rule in Re Rose. This article will argue that the case cannot be explained with these easy explanations. Instead it marks a radical shift in the law and is indicative of an equity that is “on the move”.
Predictive Value of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Diagnosis of Menière's Disease and Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Rizk Habib G. , Liu Yuan F. , Strange Christine C. , Van Ausdal Cortney H. , English Rebecca C. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A.
Published: April 2020

Objective:

To explore the usefulness of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the diagnosis of Menière's disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM).

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Setting:

Multidisciplinary neurotology clinic.

Patients:

Definite MD and definite VM patients between January, 2015 and May, 2017, as well as healthy volunteers.

Interventions:

Cervical and ocular VEMP (cVEMP and oVEMP) testing.

Main Outcome Measures:

VEMP response, amplitude, and latency.

Results:

Twenty five definite MD, 34 definite VM, and 13 control subjects were analyzed. MD affected ears had significantly lower cVEMP (p = 0.007) and oVEMP (p < 0.001) amplitudes than control ears. VM ears had significantly lower oVEMP (p = 0.001), but not cVEMP (p = 0.198) amplitudes than control ears. MD affected ears, but not VM ears, had significantly more absent cVEMP (25.9% versus 0%, p = 0.005) and oVEMP responses (40.7% versus 0%, p < 0.001) than control ears. oVEMP latency was significantly shorter for both MD affected (p < 0.001) and VM ears (p < 0.001) than control ears. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated using a neurotology clinic MD prevalence of 7.9% in dizzy patients. A present cVEMP or oVEMP both have more than 93% chance of ruling MD out in the tested ear, while a cVEMP amplitude more than 54.9 μV or oVEMP amplitude more than 5.1 μV both have more than 94% of ruling out MD in the tested ear.

Conclusions:

Despite some overlap in VEMP results between MD and VM, when the diagnosis is uncertain between the two disorders due to symptomatic overlap and nonspecific audiometric data, VEMPs can be helpful in guiding treatment toward one disease entity or the other until more evidence points to a definitive diagnosis.
Elucidating mechanisms of invasion success: Effects of parasite removal on growth and survival rates of invasive and native frogs
Authors: Roznik Elizabeth A. , Surbaugh Kerri L. , Cano Natalia , Rohr Jason R.
Published: April 2020

Identifying the mechanisms underlying biological invasions can inform the management of invasive species. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) suggests that invasive species have a competitive advantage in their introduced range because they leave behind many of their predators and parasites from their native range, allowing them to shift resources from defences to growth, reproduction and dispersal. Many studies have demonstrated that invasive species have fewer parasites than their native counterparts, but few studies have tested whether the loss of these natural enemies appears to be a primary driver of the invasion process.

To test the ERH, we conducted a mark–recapture study in which we used an anthelmintic drug to successfully reduce parasitic worms in invasive Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis and native treefrogs (Hyla spp.) at half of 12 wetlands, marking nearly 4,200 frogs. If the ERH is supported, we would expect that treating for parasitic worms would have a greater benefit to native than invasive hosts.

Growth and survival rates of invasive and native treefrogs responded similarly to the anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the Cuban treefrog's release from parasitic worms does not appear to significantly contribute to its invasiveness in established areas. Instead, it appears that the overall faster rates of growth and maturation, higher survival rates and larger body sizes of Cuban treefrogs that we observed may contribute to their expansion and proliferation.

Synthesis and applications. Although Cuban treefrogs have a lower diversity of parasitic worms in their invasive than native range, this does not appear to significantly contribute to their invasion success in areas where they have been established for more than 20 years. This suggests that any manipulation of parasites in invasive or native hosts would not be an effective method of controlling Cuban treefrogs or reducing their impacts. Further research into other hypotheses is needed to explain the Cuban treefrog's success and help guide management actions to reduce their spread and negative impacts. Our study demonstrates that enemy release may not be a primary driver of invasiveness, highlighting the need for more experimental tests of the enemy release hypothesis to examine its generality.
The Extended Starling principle needs clinical validation
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Dull Randal O. , Zdolsek Joachim
Published: April 2020

The Revised (or "Extended") Starling principle is based on highly controlled laboratory‐based frog and rodent experiments and remains a hypothesis awaiting clinical validation. A key point is that the endothelial glycocalyx layer moves the oncotic gradient from being between the plasma and the interstitium to between the plasma and a virtually protein‐free space between the glycocalyx and the endothelial cell membrane, which dramatically changes the prerequisites for fluid absorption from tissue to plasma. However, many experimental and clinical observations in humans agree poorly with the new microcirculatory proposals. The most troubling aspect of the explanation regarding the role of the glycocalyx in the Revised Starling principle is the effective reabsorption of fluid by skeletal muscle when the capillary filtration pressure is acutely reduced. Other issues include the plasma volume effects of hypertonic saline, iso‐oncotic and hyper‐oncotic albumin, fluid distribution during cardio‐pulmonary bypass, and the virtually identical capillary leakage of plasma and albumin despite marked inflammation found in our fluid therapy studies. The Revised Starling principle deals mainly with steady‐state conditions, but the circulatory system is highly dynamic. Second to second vasomotion is always operational and must be considered to understand what we observe in humans.
Variability and acceptability in Trinidadian English
Authors: Wilson Guyanne
Published: April 2020

A growing body of work, most of it corpus‐based, looks at variable agreement with collective nouns and in existential constructions in English. However, few studies have looked at these particular features in Caribbean Englishes, and none of these have taken an acceptability approach. In this paper, results of an online survey measuring the acceptability of variable agreement in collective nouns and there + be existential constructions are reported. Additionally, the relationship between the latter forms and the Creole existential it+have is also considered. Speakers of Trinidadian English are found to hold conservative views towards variation in these contexts. For collective nouns, singular agreement is overwhelmingly preferred, and standard agreement in there + be constructions is also preferred, despite the trend in other Englishes towards the use of non‐standard agreement, particularly with the there's form. Interestingly, the Creole form is judged more favourably than the non‐standard there + be existential forms.
Rafting on a wide and wild ocean
Authors: Godinot Marc
Published: April 2020

During the Oligocene, now-extinct monkeys crossed the treacherous ocean from Africa to South America
MapSense
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed , Sekar Suriya , Dürr Frank , Rothermel Kurt , Becker Susanne , Fritsch Dieter
Published: April 2020

Recently, indoor modeling has gained increased attention, thanks to the immense need for realizing efficient indoor location-based services. Indoor environments differ from outdoor spaces in two aspects: spaces are smaller and there are many structural objects such as walls, doors, and furniture. To model the indoor environments in a proper manner, novel data acquisition concepts and data modeling algorithms have been devised to meet the requirements of indoor spatial applications. In this realm, several research efforts have been exerted. Nevertheless, these efforts mostly suffer either from adopting impractical data acquisition methods or from being limited to 2D modeling.

To overcome these limitations, we introduce the MapSense approach, which automatically derives indoor models from 3D point clouds collected by individuals using mobile devices, such as Google Tango, Apple ARKit, and Microsoft HoloLens. To this end, MapSense leverages several computer vision and machine learning algorithms for precisely inferring the structural objects. In MapSense, we mainly focus on improving the modeling accuracy through adopting formal grammars that encode design-time knowledge, i.e., structural information about the building. In addition to modeling accuracy, MapSense considers the energy overhead on the mobile devices via developing a probabilistic quality model through which the mobile devices solely upload
high-quality
point clouds to the crowd-sensing servers. To demonstrate the performance of MapSense, we implemented a crowd-sensing Android App to collect 3D point clouds from two different buildings by six volunteers. The results showed that MapSense can accurately infer the various structural objects while drastically reducing the energy overhead on the mobile devices.
Intestinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Takahashi Takahide , Ota Yoko , Tanaka Takehiro , Asada Noboru , Yano Shuya , Uka Mayu , Nakamura Rei , Baba Yuki , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

A 44-year-old Japanese woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. Radiological and endoscopic examinations led to the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the jejunum, which was subsequently resected. Patients with SLE reportedly have an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as demonstrated by our patient. Hence, lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic lesions emerging in SLE patients. In addition, flow cytometry using endoscopically biopsied fragments is useful for the immediate diagnosis of lymphoma, leading to timely and accurate preoperative staging.
A Case of Solitary Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer Successfully Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy after Chemotherapy
Authors: Oura Shoji , Mori Mitsuo , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: April 2020

A 62-year-old woman with triple-negative breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the breast. The patient developed a solitary lung metastasis at the left hilum 44 months after the operation. The lung metastasis responded partially to capecitabine chemotherapy, but showed regrowth in 7 months. The patient received second-line oral cyclophosphamide (CPA) chemotherapy, resulting in marked tumor regression without new lesions for 10 months. To further control the lung metastasis, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT; 5.1 Gy ×10 fractions) under breath holding without a localization device was given to the regressed lung metastasis after CPA therapy. Positron emission tomography at 24 months after the completion of SBRT did not show any recurrences, and the patient has been well for 100 months without any recurrences. Breast oncologist should take SBRT into consideration to treat lung oligometastasis of breast cancer especially locating at the lung hilum with curative intent.
Successful Multidisciplinary Treatment for Aggressive Primary Pulmonary Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Authors: Higuchi Mitsunori , Yamada Hitoshi , Machino Kakeru , Oshibe Ikuro , Soeta Nobutoshi , Saito Takuro , Uramoto Hidetaka , Yamada Sohsuke , Hojo Hiroshi , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) was previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). This sarcoma occurs preferentially in the extremities and retroperitoneal space; primary pulmonary UPS/MFH is rare. We report a 52-year-old woman referred to our hospital with dyspnea and severe cough. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a pulmonary mass in the left upper lobe and pleural effusion. Cytology of the effusion showed no malignancy; however, the tumor increased rapidly in size, and the patient’s respiratory symptoms worsened. The tumor occupied almost all of the left upper lobe and involved the adjacent pericardium. She underwent left upper lobectomy with pericardial resection and reconstruction. Postoperative pathology of the resected specimen showed undifferentiated pulmonary sarcoma, pT4N0M1a stage IV A, and genetic analyses revealed the v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation. The patient’s dyspnea recurred 1 month postoperatively, and CT showed marked pleural effusion. An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated abnormal diffuse accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the left pleural cavity. We initiated five cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, and the patient has been well without recurrence for 24 months after multidisciplinary treatment with surgery followed by systemic combination chemotherapy. We successfully treated our patient with primary pulmonary UPS/MFH using a multidisciplinary approach, even though this sarcoma carries a poor prognosis and is insensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Proximal Deletion 12q with a New Insight to Growth Retardation
Authors: Sobol Maria , Thuresson Ann-Charlotte , Palmberg Nathalie , Soussi Zander Cecilia
Published: April 2020

Proximal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12 is a rare chromosomal abnormality described in about 20 patients. Known deletions span the region from 12q11 to 12q13 and include the genes YAF2, AMIGO2, and NELL2. These are suggested as candidate genes for the key phenotypic features such as growth and psychomotor retardation. Here, we present a case with a 3.1-Mb interstitial deletion at 12q12q13.11. The clinical observations of our patient overlap with the major common findings for published cases. The deletion detected in our patient does not involve the previously suggested candidate genes YAF2 and AMIGO2. We draw a correlation between proximal deletion 12q and ARID2 deficiency by comparing patients carrying gross deletions with a cohort of patients carrying small intragenic ARID2 deletions as well as patients with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in ARID2. Growth retardation <-2 SD is present in cohorts with both gross and small deletions spanning ARID2. However, ARID2 SNVs do not correlate with severe growth retardation.
Reabilitação estética de diastemas anterossuperiores com resina composta após abordagem ortodôntica
Authors: Almeida Leonardo de , Maran Bianca Medeiros , Andrade Guilherme Schmitt de , Naufel Fabiana Scarparo , Schmitt Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2020

O sorriso, além de ser um importante fator na autoestima do ser humano, atualmente tem sido considerado a “porta de entrada” para muitas oportunidades. Nesse contexto, existem algumas alterações que podem gerar o comprometimento estético, funcional e psicológico do indivíduo, sendo uma delas o diastema, definido pela presença de espaçamento entre os dentes adjacentes. Objetivos: mostrar, por meio de um caso clínico, uma reabilitação estética direta em paciente jovem com presença de diastemas nos dentes anterossuperiores. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se a reanatomização com resina composta Empress Direct de inserção direta, empregando o auxílio de guia palatina feita em silicone, ocasionando o mínimo de desgaste da estrutura dental. Resultados: o resultado foi satisfatório, tanto para o paciente quanto para o profissional, comprovando a eficiência das resinas compostas em casos de reabilitação, quando bem indicadas. Conclusão: com o aumento na qualidade das técnicas e dos materiais estéticos diretos, seu uso subsequente ao tratamento ortodôntico – caso os pacientes ainda apresentem espaçamentos entre os dentes – proporciona facilidade e segurança ao profissional na realização do procedimento, obtendo ótimos resultados.
Surface Morphology of Epitaxial Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Mizuguchi M. , Suzuki Y. , Nagahama T. , Yuasa S.
Published: April 2020

The surface morphology of epitaxial Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions, which show the giant tunneling magnetoresistance effect, was investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. It was observed that an epitaxial MgO barrier layer forms flat surface structures.
The surface was flatter with distinct steps and terraces after annealing, which would lead to an increase of the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio. Examination of the local electronic structures of 1.05-nm-thick MgO barrier layers by scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed no pinholes in
the layers, so they would be perfect barriers in magnetic tunnel junctions.
Executive Perspectives
Authors: Koehr John J.
Published: April 2020

I am pleased for the opportunity to update SEG members on the successes of our past year and provide a view further into this year. SEG's 2019 Annual Report will be available soon and will include much more detail about the year's activities. As a Society, we had much to be proud of in 2019. I would like to summarize key SEG accomplishments from my perspective:
Prediction of cell position using single-cell transcriptomic data: an iterative procedure
Authors: Alonso Andrés M. , Carrea Alejandra , Diambra Luis
Published: April 2020

Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity but not cell localization. However, by combining single-cell transcriptomic data with a reference atlas of a small set of genes, it would be possible to predict the position of individual cells and reconstruct the spatial expression profile of thousands of genes reported in the single-cell study. With the purpose of developing new algorithms, the Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM) consortium organized a crowd-sourced competition known as DREAM Single Cell Transcriptomics Challenge (SCTC). Within this context, we describe here our proposed procedures for adequate reference genes selection, and an iterative procedure to predict spatial expression profile of other genes.
Implementation of social protection schemes for people living with HIV in three districts of Rajasthan state, India – a mixed methods study
Authors: Gowthamghosh B , Huidrom Rosenara , Arumugam Visvanathan , Pathak Neeraj , Purohit Neetu , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Khanna Anoop , Naik Poonam Ramesh
Published: April 2020

Background: In India, public social protection schemes for marginalized populations are extended to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their households. Care and Support Centres (CSCs) linked to antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres play a key role in linking PLHIV to the schemes. In three districts of Rajasthan, India, we assessed the linkage of PLHIV registered at CSCs (2016–18) to social protection schemes and explored PLHIV and provider perspectives into barriers and suggested solutions for improving linkage.

Methods: This was an explanatory mixed method study involving a descriptive quantitative phase using secondary data, followed by a descriptive qualitative phase involving face-to-face in-depth (five PLHIV) and key informant (three CSC staff) interviews.

Results: Of 1123 registered PLHIV at CSCs, 1026 (91%) expressed willingness to avail social protection schemes. Of 1026, 94% were linked to any one scheme; 52% to Palanhar, 51% to bus fare concession and 42% to widow pension schemes. The perceived barriers were: authenticating Aadhaar number (unique identification number provided to all Indians using their registered mobile phone number), cumbersome application processes for each scheme, limited utility of travel concession, delayed and/or irregular disbursement of benefits and non-availability of comprehensive information, education and communication material with details of all schemes and their application processes. Reaching out to all PLHIV in the designated district was a huge task for outreach workers. Another important barrier was the potential disclosure of positive status to various stakeholders in order to avail the schemes. Suggested solutions were a single window default application process at ART centres with a smart card and a single pamphlet at ART centres with all the required details.

Conclusions: Bus fare concession, Palanhar and widow pension schemes were the most widely accepted and linked schemes by PLHIV. Implementation barriers were identified that need to be addressed to improve the linkage.
Typing and classification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates
Authors: Clarke Thomas , Brinkac Lauren , Manoranjan Joanna , García-Basteiro Alberto , Grewal Harleen , Kiyimba Anthony , Lopez Elisa , Macaden Ragini , Respeito Durval , Ssengooba Willy , Tameris Michele , Sutton Granger
Published: April 2020

Background: There are a large and growing number of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that have been isolated, identified, and described in the literature, yet there are many clinical isolates which are not assignable to known species even when the genome has been sequenced. Additionally, a recent manuscript has proposed the reclassification  of the Mycobacterium genus into five distinct genera.

Methods: We describe using a fast average nucleotide identity (ANI) approximation method, MASH, for classifying NTM genomes by comparison to a resource of type strain genomes and proxy genomes. We evaluate the genus reclassification proposal in light of our ANI, MLST, and pan-genome work.

Results: We describe here a sequencing study of hundreds of clinical NTM isolates. To aid in characterizing these isolates we defined a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schema for NTMs which can differentiate strains at the species and subspecies level using eight ribosomal protein genes. We determined and deposited the allele profiles for 2,802 NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in PubMLST.

Conclusions: The MLST schema and our pan-genome analysis of Mycobacteria can help inform the design of marker-gene diagnostics. The ANI comparisons likewise can assist in the classification of unknown genomes, even from previously unknown species.
CRÉDITOS
Authors: Revista E-Mosaicos
Published: April 2020

e-Mosaicos - créditos
Da margem no centro: deslocamentos do sujeito no feminismo
Authors: Alt Fernanda
Published: April 2020

Este artigo aborda a questão do sujeito no feminismo por uma perspectiva fenomenológica do espaço no intuito de compreender as divisões sociais como lugares a serem habitados por determinados sujeitos. A partir de uma posição de Gayatri Spivak sobre o que ela entende como movimento centralizador, pretende-se entender de que modo aquilo que é produzido como margem, ao deslocar-se para que é estabelecido como central, quebra a pretensa neutralidade e universalidade deste centro, desestabilizando, ao mesmo tempo, a própria divisão. Assim, o “autocentramento” do sujeito universal é aqui analisado como um um lugar produzido e sustentado pelo movimento centralizador - com destaque na sua legitimação pela linguagem -, como aquilo que produz exclusão colocando como “outro”, “diferente” ou mesmo “não existente” tudo o que é por ele conduzido à margem. Desta forma, as experiências de deslocamentos aparecem como possibilidade de, mais do que inverter o dualismo margem/centro, subvertê-lo de modo a desnaturalizá-lo e assim combater tais tipos de exclusão abrindo espaços para outras formas de habitar o mundo.
Mbaima Metlon: Narrativas de mulheres indígenas em situação urbana
Authors: Pachamama Aline Rochedo
Published: April 2020

FALTA INSERIR O RESUMO
Transformando o Círculo Interno: o Desafio de Dorothy Smith à Teoria Sociológica
Authors: Collins Patricia Hill
Published: April 2020

Recentemente, as traduções para o português das produções de mulheres negras da diáspora têm ganhado maior relevância em periódicos e editoras nacionais. Esta mudança de enfoque responde ao crescente interesse acadêmico por discussões que proponham uma análise crítica dos paradigmas hegemônicos das ciências sociais, sob um olhar feminista. No presente artigo, Collins busca elucidar a perspectiva crítica de Dorothy Smith sobre a produção da sociologia contemporânea, ao apontar suas contradições. As autoras destacam os limites do círculo interno da teoria sociológica, indicando este lugar como de exclusão de grupos historicamente marginalizados. Lançam o desafio da construção de novos ângulos de visão, que transcendam o discurso dominante a partir da experiência das mulheres no campo da sociologia.
O compromisso feminista com a luta decolonial antirracista
Authors: De Castro Susana
Published: April 2020

Partindo da ideia de que o feminismo é um movimento político comprometidocom a justiça social em geral, o texto mostra porque o feminismo brasileiro estáassociado à luta antirracista. Analisa a presença da diferença colonial como origem do privilégio que pessoas brancas possuem na sociedade brasileira e da permanência do racismo cotidiano, institucional e individual. Mostra as bases coloniais do racismo estrutural e sua conexão com o projeto capitalista-patriarcal-heteronormativo de controle e asujeitamento da população nas sociedades liberais.