bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic liquid engineering enabled in‐plane orientated 1D perovskite nanorods for efficient mixed‐dimensional perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Fei , Duan Dawei , Zhou Kang , Xue Y. Z. B. , Liang Xiao , Zhou Xianfang , Ge Chuangye , Zhou Chao , Xiang Jin , Zhu Jiajie , Zhu Quanyao , Lin Haoran , Shi Yumeng , Chen Yonghua , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin
Published: June 2023

Mixed‐dimensional engineering of perovskite material has been demonstrated as a facile and promising strategy to improve both photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we report an in‐plane preferred orientation of 1D perovskite induced by an ionic liquid (IL) of 1‐(3‐cyanopropyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (CPMIMCl) for the first time via sequential deposition approach, leading to a mixed dimensional perovskite thin films. The generated one‐dimensional (1D) CPMIMPbI3 with in‐plane orientation resides at the grain boundaries of three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite can be appreciably observed from the morphology level, leading to creation of high‐quality films with large grain size with more efficient defect passivation. Moreover, the dispersion of IL in the bulk phase of perovskite material allows for the formation of 1D perovskite for multiple level passivation to inhibit non‐radiative recombination and optimize carrier transport. This IL engineering strategy not only yields a mixed‐dimensional perovskite heterostructure with in‐plane orientation 1D perovskite nano‐rods but also significantly improves the opto‐electronic property with suppressed trap states. As a result, the CPMIMCl‐treated PSCs show an enhanced photovoltaic performance with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 24.13%. More importantly, benefiting from the hydrophobicity of formed 1D perovskite and defects suppression, the corresponding PSC demonstrates an excellent long‐term stability and maintain 97.1% of its pristine PCE at 25°C under 50% RH condition over 1000 h. This research provides an innovative perspective for employing the low dimensional engineering to optimize the performance and stability of photovoltaic devices.

image
Brazilian soybean expansion, US–China trade war, and US soybean exports
Authors: Dhoubhadel Sunil P. , Ridley William , Devadoss Stephen
Published: June 2023

This paper estimates the impact of Brazilian soybean area expansion on US and Brazilian soybean exports to China by projecting these countries’ exports for various Brazilian soybean area growth scenarios. The results indicate that the Brazilian area expansion does not significantly affect US soybean exports to China but positively impacts Brazil's soybean exports to China. Ex‐post analysis of the impacts of Chinese tariff during the US–China trade war indicates that China significantly diverted its imports from the United States to Brazil. We conclude that the US soybean trade policy should focus on mitigating the adverse effects of import demand changes.
Reduced GS Domain Serine/Threonine Requirements of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Mutant Type I BMP Receptor ACVR1 in the Zebrafish
Authors: Allen Robyn S. , Jones William D. , Hale Maya , Warder Bailey N. , Shore Eileen M. , Mullins Mary C.
Published: June 2023

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare human genetic condition characterized by altered skeletal development and extraskeletal bone formation. All cases of FOP are caused by mutations in the type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor gene ACVR1 that result in overactivation of the BMP signaling pathway. Activation of the wild‐type ACVR1 kinase requires assembly of a tetrameric type I and II BMP receptor complex followed by phosphorylation of the ACVR1 GS domain by type II BMP receptors. Previous studies showed that the FOP‐mutant ACVR1‐R206H required type II BMP receptors and presumptive glycine/serine‐rich (GS) domain phosphorylation for overactive signaling. Structural modeling of the ACVR1‐R206H mutant kinase domain supports the idea that FOP mutations alter the conformation of the GS domain, but it is unclear how this leads to overactive signaling. Here we show, using a developing zebrafish embryo BMP signaling assay, that the FOP‐mutant receptors ACVR1‐R206H and ‐G328R have reduced requirements for GS domain phosphorylatable sites to signal compared to wild‐type ACVR1. Further, ligand‐independent and ligand‐dependent signaling through the FOP‐mutant ACVR1 receptors have distinct GS domain phosphorylatable site requirements. ACVR1‐G328R showed increased GS domain serine/threonine requirements for ligand‐independent signaling compared to ACVR1‐R206H, whereas it exhibited reduced serine/threonine requirements for ligand‐dependent signaling. Remarkably, while ACVR1‐R206H does not require the type I BMP receptor partner, Bmpr1, to signal, a ligand‐dependent GS domain mutant of ACVR1‐R206H could signal independently of Bmpr1 only when Bmp7 ligand was overexpressed. Of note, unlike human ACVR1‐R206H, the zebrafish paralog Acvr1l‐R203H does not show increased signaling activity. However, in domain‐swapping studies, the human kinase domain, but not the human GS domain, was sufficient to confer overactive signaling to the Acvr1l‐R203H receptor. Together these results reflect the importance of GS domain activation and kinase domain functions in regulating ACVR1 signaling and identify mechanisms of reduced regulatory constraints conferred by FOP mutations. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sleep disturbance and suicidality in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents: The role of specific emotion regulation domains
Authors: Buitron Victor , Maron Micaela , Kudinova Anastacia , Thompson Elizabeth , Barker David H. , Wolff Jennifer C.
Published: June 2023

Background

Sleep disturbance is associated with broadband measurements of emotion regulation (ER). The linkage between ER, a multidimensional process, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt is also documented in theoretical and empirical work. Recent research indicates that distinct profiles of ER are associated with psychiatric outcomes, including adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt. The present study examined whether specific domains of ER would explain the association between sleep disturbance, and ideation and attempt among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

Method

The sample included 284 adolescents who completed self‐report measures on sleep disturbance, ER, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and psychiatric symptoms upon inpatient hospitalization.

Results

Findings indicated that sleep disturbance was associated with suicidal ideation. Further, a single ER domain (perceived limited access to ER strategies) fully accounted for the significant association between sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. A reported suicide attempt in the past week was correlated with the nonacceptance of emotional responses, perceived limited access to ER strategies, and emotional clarity, but was not associated with sleep disturbance.

Discussion

The current findings highlight the importance of examining narrowband ER and indicate the presence of differential associations between sleep disturbance, ER, and suicide‐related outcomes. Findings further elucidate the possible role of impaired cognitive responses to emotional experiences in the co‐occurrence of sleep disturbance and youth psychiatric outcomes.
Disseminating online parenting resources through community‐academic partnerships
Authors: Schickler Ross , Park Alayna , Benfica Daniellee , Rodriguez Abigail , Eaton Emma , Bunge Eduardo
Published: June 2023

This community‐engaged study aimed to understand effective strategies for disseminating online parenting resources (OPRs) in schools. OPRs were disseminated through seven E‐Parenting tips and eight Facebook posts. Facebook posts were viewed a total of 12,404 times, and each post reached an average of 505 people each month. Average engagement rate was 2.41% per post. E‐Parenting tips yielded 1514 total clicks, and the average clicks per message was 216.29. E‐Parenting tips related to internalizing problems (e.g., anxiety, depression) had a higher click rate than E‐Parenting tips related to externalizing problems (e.g., oppositional behavior). OPRs disseminated through Facebook posts, and E‐Parenting tips resulted in wide reach and engagement. Different media channels should be utilized to disseminate different OPRs to as many parents as possible.
Chaperonin CCT controls extracellular vesicle production and cell metabolism through kinesin dynamics
Authors: Rojas‐Gómez Amelia , Dosil Sara G. , Chichón Francisco J. , Fernández‐Gallego Nieves , Ferrarini Alessia , Calvo Enrique , Calzada‐Fraile Diego , Requena Silvia , Otón Joaquin , Serrano Alvaro , Tarifa Rocio , Arroyo Montserrat , Sorrentino Andrea , Pereiro Eva , Vázquez Jesus , Valpuesta José M. , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Martín‐Cófreces Noa B.
Published: June 2023

CCT is required to regulate interorganelle contact sites through kinesin‐1 dynamics, modulating peroxisome and mitochondria activity, and ultimately controlling lipid cell content and metabolism.
Effect of laparoscopic liver resection on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nomi Takeo , Kaibori Masaki , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Ueno Masaki , Hokuto Daisuke , Noda Takehiro , Nakai Takuya , Ikoma Hisashi , Iida Hiroya , Kubo Shoji
Published: June 2023

Background

Delirium is a multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome that is defined as acutely altered consciousness. This retrospective multicenter study evaluated the impact of postoperative delirium after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in elderly patients.

Methods

Patients aged ≥75 years, who underwent curative liver resection for HCC at nine university hospitals from April 2010 to December 2017, were evaluated to compare short‐ and long‐term outcomes between patients with and without delirium. Risk factors for delirium were determined using multivariate regression analysis.

Results

The rate of postoperative delirium was 14.2% (n = 80) in the study cohort of 562 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed smoking history, hypertension, sleeping pill consumption, and open liver resection as risk factors for postoperative delirium. The rate of other causes of death was significantly higher in the delirium group than in the no‐delirium group although the rate of death at 1 year due to HCC or liver failure was similar between the two groups (p = .015). The 1‐year mortality rates due to vascular diseases were 71.4% and 15.4% in the delirium and no‐delirium groups, respectively (p = .022). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates after liver resection were 86.6%, 64.1%, and 36.5% in the delirium group and 91.3%, 71.2%, and 56.9% in the no‐delirium group, respectively (p = .046).

Conclusion

The multivariate analysis revealed the possible benefits of laparoscopic liver resection in reducing the rate of postoperative delirium after liver resection for HCC in elderly patients.
Feasibility and criterion validity of the GLIM criteria in the critically ill: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Milanez Danielle Silla Jobim , Razzera Elisa Loch , Lima Júlia , Silva Flávia Moraes
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

This was a cohort study involving critically ill patients. Diagnoses of malnutrition by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and GLIM criteria within 24 h after ICU admission were prospectively performed. Patients were followed up until hospital discharge to assess the hospital/ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, ICU readmission, and hospital/ICU mortality. Three months after discharge, the patients were contacted to record outcomes (readmission and death). Agreement and accuracy tests and regression analyses were performed.

Results

GLIM criteria could be applied to 377 (83.7%) of 450 patients (64 [54–71] years old, 52.2% men). Malnutrition prevalence was 47.8% (n = 180) by SGA and 65.5% (n = 247) by GLIM criteria, presenting an area under the curve equal to 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.790–0.880), sensitivity of 96.6%, and specificity of 70.3%. Malnutrition by GLIM criteria increased the odds of prolonged ICU LOS by 1.75 times (95% CI, 1.08–2.82) and ICU readmission by 2.66 times (95% CI, 1.15–6.14). Malnutrition by SGA also increased the odds of ICU readmission and the risk of ICU and hospital death more than twice.

Conclusion

The GLIM criteria were highly feasible and presented high sensitivity, moderate specificity, and substantial agreement with the SGA in critically ill patients. It was an independent predictor of prolonged ICU LOS and ICU readmission, but it was not associated with death such as malnutrition diagnosed by SGA.
Optimization of chromatographic buffer conditions for the simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species in canola
Authors: Gertner David S , Bishop David P , Padula Matthew P
Published: June 2023

The phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates are a set of closely related lipids known to influence various cellular functions. Irregular distributions of these molecules have been correlated with the development and progression of multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, and various cancers. As a result, there is continued interest regarding the speciation of these compounds, with specific consideration on how their distribution may differ between healthy and diseased tissue. The comprehensive analysis of these compounds is challenging due to their varied and unique chemical characteristics, and current generalized lipidomics methods have proven unsuitable for phosphatidylinositol analysis and remain incapable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analysis. Here we improved upon current methods by enabling the sensitive and simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species, whilst enhancing their characterization through chromatographic resolution between isomeric species. A 1 mM ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia buffer was determined optimal for this goal, enabling the identification of 148 phosphatidylinositide species, including 23 lyso‐phosphatidylinositols, 51 phosphatidylinositols, 59 oxidized‐phosphatidylinositols, and 15 phosphatidylinositol phosphates. As a result of this analysis, four distinct canola cultivars were differentiated based exclusively on their unique phosphatidylinositide‐lipidome, indicating analyses of this type may be of use when considering the development and progression of the disease through lipidomic profiles.
Spatial correlation and impact mechanism analysis of cultivated land fragmentation and quality in the Central Plain of Liaoning Province, Northeast China
Authors: Pang Ranran , Xu Huan , Zhang Meiyu , Qian Fengkui
Published: June 2023

Further exploration of the spatial correlation and mechanism of action between cultivated land fragmentation (CLF) and quality, which have guiding roles in improving cultivated land quality, is needed. However, the mechanism that determines how CLF affects quality has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The Central Plain of Liaoning Province was utilized as the research's study area, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to investigate the correlations between CLF and quality. The precise effects of different CLF indices on cultivated land quality have been specifically examined using the spatial error model (SEM). According to the findings, there is a “low in the west and high in the east” distribution tendency for CLF in the Central Plain area, and “high in the middle and low on both sides” for cultivated land quality. Furthermore, CLF and quality have a significant negative spatial link, with a correlation coefficient of −0.186. A rise in some CLF indices may enhance the difficulty of improving land quality. The quality of cultivated land declines by 0.275, 1.306, and 1.085 units for each unit rise in the number of patches (NP), edge density (ED), and aggregation index (AI) values, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to improve the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land according to local conditions, thereby improving the quality of cultivated land. The research results can provide a reference for achieving the trinity protection of cultivated land, in order to better improve the sustainability of cultivated land.
Fabrication of Highly Thermally Resistant and Self‐Healing Polysiloxane Elastomers by Constructing Covalent and Reversible Networks
Authors: Cai Yuanbo , Wang Yuan , Long Lu , Zhou Shengtai , Yan Liwei , Zhang Junhua , Zou Huawei
Published: June 2023

The fabrication of self‐healing elastomers with high thermal stability for use in extreme thermal conditions such as aerospace remains a major challenge. A strategy for preparing self‐healing elastomers with stable covalent bonds and dynamic metal–ligand coordination interactions as crosslinking sites in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is proposed. The added Fe (III) not only serves as the dynamic crosslinking point at room temperature which is crucial for self‐healing performance, but also plays a role as free radical scavenging agent at high temperatures. The results show that the PDMS elastomers possessed an initial thermal degradation temperature over 380 °C and a room temperature self‐healing efficiency as high as 65.7%. Moreover, the char residue at 800 °C of PDMS elastomer reaches 7.19% in nitrogen atmosphere, and up to 14.02% in air atmosphere by doping a small amount (i.e., 0.3 wt%) of Fe (III), which is remarkable for the self‐healing elastomers that contain weak and dynamic bonds with relatively poor thermal stability. This study provides an insight into designing self‐healing PDMS‐based materials that can be targeted for use as high‐temperature thermal protection coatings.
Uncertainty principles and integral equations associated with a quadratic‐phase wavelet transform
Authors: Castro L. P. , Guerra R. C.
Published: June 2023

Taking into account a wavelet transform associated with the quadratic‐phase Fourier transform, we obtain several types of uncertainty principles, as well as identify conditions that guarantee the unique solution for a class of integral equations (related with the previous mentioned transforms). Namely, we obtain a Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl‐type uncertainty principle, a logarithmic‐type uncertainty principle, a local‐type uncertainty principle, an entropy‐based uncertainty principle, a Nazarov‐type uncertainty principle, an Amrein–Berthier–Benedicks‐type uncertainty principle, a Donoho–Stark‐type uncertainty principle, a Hardy‐type uncertainty principle, and a Beurling‐type uncertainty principle for such quadratic‐phase wavelet transform. For this, it is crucial to consider a convolution and its consequences in establishing an explicit relation with the quadratic‐phase Fourier transform.
Simulated effects of imperfect sterile sport fish stocking on persistence of fertile fish in new exploited populations
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Farrell Collin J. , Johnson Brett M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Sterile fish are used for multiple purposes, including enhancing sport fisheries where reproduction is not wanted. In some regions with few native sport fish, but strong angler desire for nonnative piscivorous species, establishing new fisheries using sterile predators is being explored as a management option. In this context, objective information is needed to guide discussions with stakeholders and inform policy.

Methods

Artificial induction of triploidy is commonly used to produce sterile predators, but the process is rarely 100% effective. Thus, starting a new triploid fishery would require stocking fish with imperfect induction, which carries the risk of jump-starting a feral population if stocked diploids survive to maturity and become self-sustaining. We developed a joint stochastic age-structured model to explore the potential consequences of stocking triploid Walleye Sander vitreus with imperfect induction into locations devoid of diploids to inform stocking decisions.

Result

Model simulations demonstrated that a high induction rate (≥95%) for triploid fingerling stocking combined with multiple simultaneous constraints on natural reproduction were required to minimize the probability of diploid Walleye persistence or to maintain the abundance of natural-origin fish near or below expectations from stocking alone. Reproductive interference from triploid males could suppress the population expansion of diploids under some circumstances. Above patterns were also contingent on maintaining a relatively high annual mortality rate (>50%)—reflective of exploited populations—on age-classes of Walleye particularly vulnerable to catch and harvest.

Conclusion

Our modeling framework provides decision makers objective information to weigh stocking options and guide discussions. A better understanding of the recruitment and exploitation dynamics of nonnative Walleye populations and the poststocking performance and behavior of triploid Walleye would help refine models and expectations.
Non‐destructive self‐healing design for carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Wan Wenhu , Shen Rulin , Tang Juntao , Xu Yangbo , Zou Xiangfu , Guo Haibo
Published: June 2023

Self‐healing composites are promising for engineering, but self‐healing structures or components usually induce reduction in the composite's mechanical properties. In this paper, core‐shell nanofibers which accommodating healing agent in the core and incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the shell were produced to develop non‐destructive self‐healing carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites. The epoxy resin and curing agent were encapsulated in CNTs‐reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core‐shell electrospinning nanofiber mats and the mats were placed on carbon fibers to fabricate CF/EP composite laminates by the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. The results indicated that the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of composites with suitable self‐healing components increased by 49%, 44%, 8%, 13%, and 43%, respectively, compared to the pristine CF/EP. The healing flexural strength of the composite with 1 wt% CNTs recovered up to 93.57%, observed 24 h after the bending fracture, which is higher than the initial strength of CF/EP composites without self‐healing components. The research indicates that self‐healing composites can be developed without mechanical properties degrade and even achieve stronger mechanical properties.
Mechanical, thermal, and morphological behavior of pineapple leaf fibre and polylactic acid green composites fabricated by varying fiber loading, fiber length, and injection parameters
Authors: Gorrepotu Surya Rao , Debnath Kishore , Mahapatra Rabindra Narayan
Published: June 2023

In this article, gray relational analysis (GRA) was carried out to study the influence of fiber length, fiber loading, and injection parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the developed green composites. The green composite was developed by chemically modifying the pineapple leaf fiber (PLF). PLF was chemically treated with 1% Na2CO3 for a period of 6 h. The chemically modified PLF was chopped at a fiber length (L) of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm. The fiber loading (D) was also varied to 10, 20, and 30 wt% to study the effect of both fiber length and loading on the tensile and flexural properties of the PLF/PLA green composite developed through injection molding. GRA was employed to determine the optimal fiber length and fiber loading for achieving better tensile and flexural properties of PLF/PLA green composite. The injection parameters considered for producing the PLF/PLA green composite were (a) injection pressure (70, 90, and 110 bars), (b) injection speed (40, 50, and 60 mm/s), and (c) melting temperature (165, 175, and 185°C). The mechanical (tensile, flexural, compression, and shear) and thermal (TGA: thermogravimetric analysis and DTG: derivative thermogravimetric analysis) behavior of the developed PLF/PLA green composite was studied and analyzed. The morphology of the fractured specimens was also inspected using field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).
Preparation of nano‐silver coated poly(vinyl alcohol) via a heterogeneous coating system for various antimicrobial products
Authors: Nootsuwan Nollapan , Sukthavorn Kankavee , Khankhuean Anchan , Jongrungruangchok Suchada , Veranitisagul Chatchai , Laobuthee Apirat
Published: June 2023

Silver‐coated polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/PVA) was prepared using 3,4‐dihydro‐3,6‐dimethyl‐1,3‐2H‐benzoxazine as a reducing agent reported in the petty patent of our research group. Ag/PVA22000 is applicable for making solutions and gels. Solutions of Ag/PVA22000 have exhibited antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, while the gels inhibited only S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the solutions and gels tend to be used in antimicrobial sprays and gel bandages. Moreover, Ag/PVA145000 was able to form hydrogels by gamma‐ray irradiation. Therefore, the hydrogels with the lowest amount of silver were prepared from 5.0 wt.% of Ag/PVA145000 at the 20 kGy of gamma‐ray irradiation. The results illustrated that the hydrogels exhibited antimicrobial properties against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. However, no inhibition of C. albicans was observed for any prepared hydrogels.
Effectiveness of care models for chronic disease management: A scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Kroenke Kurt , Corrigan John D. , Ralston Rick K. , Zafonte Ross , Brunner Robert C. , Giacino Joseph T. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Esterov Dmitry , Cifu David X. , Mellick David C. , Bell Kathleen , Scott Steven G. , Sander Angelle M. , Hammond Flora M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To conduct a scoping review of models of care for chronic disease management to identify potentially effective components for management of chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Information sources: Systematic searches of three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from January 2010 to May 2021. Eligibility criteria: Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses reporting on the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), collaborative/integrated care, and other chronic disease management models. Data: Target diseases, model components used (n = 11), and six outcomes (disease‐specific, generic health‐related quality of life and functioning, adherence, health knowledge, patient satisfaction, and cost/health care use). Synthesis: Narrative synthesis, including proportion of reviews documenting outcome benefits.

Results

More than half (55%) of the 186 eligible reviews focused on collaborative/integrated care models, with 25% focusing on CCM and 20% focusing on other chronic disease management models. The most common health conditions were diabetes (n = 22), depression (n = 16), heart disease (n = 12), aging (n = 11), and kidney disease (n = 8). Other single medical conditions were the focus of 22 reviews, multiple medical conditions of 59 reviews, and other or mixed mental health/behavioral conditions of 20 reviews. Some type of quality rating for individual studies was conducted in 126 (68%) of the reviews. Of reviews that assessed particular outcomes, 80% reported disease‐specific benefits, and 57% to 72% reported benefits for the other five types of outcomes. Outcomes did not differ by the model category, number or type of components, or target disease.

Conclusions

Although there is a paucity of evidence for TBI per se, care model components proven effective for other chronic diseases may be adaptable for chronic TBI care.
Stereoregular pendant electroactive polymers with extended pendants via post‐polymerization copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Schmitt Alexander , Wan Qingpei , Thompson Barry C.
Published: June 2023

Recent work on non‐conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) has demonstrated significant impacts of structural parameters such as backbone stereoregularity and the spacer connecting the pendant to the backbone on properties, most notably on charge carrier mobilities. Tuning of the pendant group however has not been reported for stereoregular NCPEPs. Here we present a family of novel isotactic poly((carbazolyl‐alkyl‐triazolyl)methyl methacrylates) (PCzATMMAs) for which the effects of increasing the pendant group from carbazole to 3,6‐bis(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐carbazole were investigated. Based on unsuccessful post‐polymerization functionalization with this extended group via previously reported transesterification and thiol‐ene methodologies, we report functionalization via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition which was demonstrated to be highly effective. The effect of spacer length was also investigated for comparison with previously established effects with alkyl spacers. Within the family of PCzATMMAs, hole mobilities were found to increase with longer spacer length and with thermal annealing. The incorporation of an extended pendant with alkyl solubilizing chains was found to result in a lower hole mobility than the equivalent polymer with an unfunctionalized pendant group. Importantly, the copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition proved to be an effective method of post‐polymerization functionalization for stereoregular NCPEPs when extending beyond a simple carbazole pendant.
Using machine learning surrogate modeling for faster QSP VP cohort generation
Authors: Myers Renée C. , Augustin Florian , Huard Jérémy , Friedrich Christina M.
Published: June 2023

Virtual patients (VPs) are widely used within quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling to explore the impact of variability and uncertainty on clinical responses. In one method of generating VPs, parameters are sampled randomly from a distribution, and possible VPs are accepted or rejected based on constraints on model output behavior. This approach works but can be inefficient (i.e., the vast majority of model runs typically do not result in valid VPs). Machine learning surrogate models offer an opportunity to improve the efficiency of VP creation significantly. In this approach, surrogate models are trained using the full QSP model and subsequently used to rapidly pre‐screen for parameter combinations that result in feasible VPs. The overwhelming majority of parameter combinations pre‐vetted using the surrogate models result in valid VPs when tested in the original QSP model. This tutorial presents this novel workflow and demonstrates how a surrogate model software application can be used to select and optimize the surrogate models in a case study. We then discuss the relative efficiency of the methods and scalability of the proposed method.
Multi‐model assessment of sub‐seasonal predictive skill for year‐round Atlantic–European weather regimes
Authors: Osman Marisol , Beerli Remo , Büeler Dominik , Grams Christian M.
Published: June 2023

The prediction skill of sub‐seasonal forecast models is evaluated for seven year‐round weather regimes in the Atlantic–European region. Reforecasts based on models from three prediction centers are considered and verified against weather regimes obtained from ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Results show that predicting weather regimes as a proxy for the large‐scale circulation outperforms the prediction of raw geopotential height. Greenland blocking tends to have the longest year‐round skill horizon for all three models, especially in winter. On the other hand, the skill is lowest for the European blocking regime for all three models, followed by the Scandinavian blocking regime. Furthermore, all models struggle to forecast flow situations that cannot be assigned to a weather regime (so‐called no regime), in comparison with weather regimes. Related to this, variability in the occurrence of no regime, which is most frequent in the transition seasons, partly explains the predictability gap between transition seasons and winter and summer. We also show that models have difficulties in discriminating between related regimes. This can lead to misassignments in the predicted regime during flow situations in which related regimes manifest. Finally, we document the changes in skill between model versions, showing important improvements for the ECMWF and NCEP models. This study is the first multi‐model assessment of year‐round weather regimes in the Atlantic–European domain. It advances our understanding of the predictive skill for weather regimes, reveals strengths and weaknesses of each model, and thus increases our confidence in the forecasts and their usefulness for decision‐making.
Jet stream dynamics from a potential vorticity gradient perspective: The method and its application to a kilometre‐scale simulation
Authors: Bukenberger Mona , Rüdisühli Stefan , Schemm Sebastian
Published: June 2023

The influence of adiabatic and diabatic processes on the midlatitude circulation is a formidable research question, especially considering their projected changes under global warming. This study presents the prospects, merits, and caveats of a potential vorticity (PV) gradient perspective as a means to disentangle the contributions of adiabatic and diabatic processes affecting the midlatitude circulation. Theoretical considerations reassess the link between the PV gradient and the jet stream. They reveal that the maximum isentropic PV gradient is consistently located on the stratospheric side of the jet, whereas the gradient of is shifted to the tropospheric side but, in general, is better aligned with the jet axis. The stratospheric shift of the PV gradient results from variations in stability across the tropopause, whereas the tropospheric shift of the gradient results from variations in vorticity. Regions of high PV gradient may serve as a proxy for the curvature of the wind field in the case of sufficiently small variations in stability. Otherwise, they depict variations in both wind and thermal stratification along tropopause‐intersecting isentropic surfaces. Lagrangian “PV gradient thinking” is demonstrated in two case studies of jet streak evolution in a simulation with 1.1 km grid spacing performed with the graphics‐processing‐unit‐enabled numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling featuring on‐line air parcel trajectories. Dry deformation drives the Lagrangian evolution of the PV gradient in the first case, whereas there is a pronounced influence of diabatic modification in the second case. The Lagrangian PV gradient perspective presented offers fresh insight into adiabatic and diabatic processes underlying the midlatitude circulation variability and change.
Variable selection wrapper in presence of correlated input variables for random forest models
Authors: Rotari Marta , Kulahci Murat
Published: June 2023

In most data analytic applications in manufacturing, understanding the data‐driven models plays a crucial role in complementing the engineering knowledge about the production process. Identifying relevant input variables, rather than only predicting the response through some “black‐box” model, is of great interest in many applications. There is, therefore, a growing focus on describing the contributions of the input variables to the model in the form of “variable importance”, which is readily available in certain machine learning methods such as random forest (RF). Once a ranking based on the importance measure of the variables is established, the question of how many variables are truly relevant in predicting the output variable rises. In this study, we focus on the Boruta algorithm, which is a wrapper around the RF model. It is a variable selection tool that assesses the variable importance measure for the RF model. It has been previously shown in the literature that the correlation among the input variables, which is often a common occurrence in high dimensional data, distorts and overestimates the importance of variables. The Boruta algorithm is also affected by this resulting in a larger set of input variables deemed important. To overcome this issue, in this study, we propose an extension of the Boruta algorithm for the correlated data by exploiting the conditional importance measure. This extension greatly improves the Boruta algorithm in the case of high correlation among variables and provides a more precise ranking of the variables that significantly contribute to the response. We believe this approach can be used in many industrial applications by providing more transparency and understanding of the process.
High Orbital‐Moment Cooper Pairs by Crystalline Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Ortix Carmine , Cuoco Mario
Published: June 2023

The pairing structure of superconducting materials is regulated by the point group symmetries of the crystal. The spin‐singlet multiorbital superconductivity of materials with unusually low crystalline symmetry content can host even‐parity (s‐wave) Cooper pairs with high orbital moment. The lack of mirror and rotation symmetries makes pairing states with quintet orbital angular momentum symmetry‐allowed. A remarkable fingerprint of this type of pairing state is provided by a nontrivial superconducting phase texture in momentum space with π‐shifted domains and walls with anomalous phase winding. The pattern of the quintet pairing texture is shown to depend on the orientation of the orbital polarization and the strength of the mirror and/or rotation symmetry breaking terms. Such a momentum dependent phase makes Cooper pairs with net orbital component suited to design orbitronic Josephson effects. This study discusses how an intrinsic orbital dependent phase can set out anomalous Josephson couplings by employing superconducting leads with nonequivalent breaking of crystalline symmetry.
Distributed secure formation control for autonomous surface vessels by performance adjustable event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Zhang Lei , Huang Bing , Su Yumin
Published: June 2023

This article studies the secure formation control problem for autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) with directed event‐triggered communication subject to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. DoS attack is a type of cyber‐attacks meant to cut down a network, thus causing legitimate neighbors to lose their expected communication in the control mechanism. A distributed secure formation control algorithm (DSFCA) is proposed to mitigate the negative impact of DoS attacks. Specifically, a model‐based dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) with positive minimum inter‐event times (MIET) is developed to save communication resources. Wherein, a clock‐like dynamic is chosen to guarantee the non‐Zeno behavior and provide a positive MIET guarantee. Simultaneously, a model‐based state estimator (MBSE) is designed in DETM to reduce the effect of the error caused by DETM during the triggering interval. Furthermore, the effects of DoS attacks on the formation control systems are analyzed. Some sufficient conditions are derived, in which the upper bounds of attack duration rate and attack frequency are given. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Reclaiming hope: Subjective nearness to death as a moderator between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hope among older adults
Authors: Ring Lia , Avidor Sharon , Palgi Yuval
Published: June 2023

Perceiving one's remaining time until death, can serve as a source of resilience when faced with adversity in the second half of life. The current work is based on a prospective study and examines whether subjective nearness‐to‐death (SNtD) moderates the association between posttraumatic‐stress symptoms (PTSS) and hope among adults in the second half of life. The first wave was conducted after the end of a military conflict in the south of Israel, and included 170 participants (M = 66.61, SD = 9.16; age range 51–91), 115 of whom also participated in Wave 2. Participants filled out self‐reported questionnaires regarding background information, PTSS, SNtD and hope. A moderation effect was found, revealing that high levels of PTSS predicted lower levels of hope among those who felt close to their death, but not among those who felt far from their death. We suggest that one's evaluation of little time remaining to live, especially in old age, may be a significant factor exacerbating the negative consequences of PTSS on hope. The importance of the results to the research field is discussed.
Comprehensive Study Addressing the Challenge of Efficient Electrocatalytic Biomass Upgrading of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)Furfural (HMF) with a CH3NH2 Ionic Liquid on Metal‐Embedded Mo2B2 MBene Nanosheets
Authors: Xiao Yi , Shen Chen , Xiong Zhengwei , Ding Yingchun , Liu Li , Zhang Weibin , Wu Yimin A.
Published: June 2023

Amine‐containing derivatives are important intermediates in drug manufacturing; sustainable synthesis of amine compounds from green carbon‐based biomass derivatives has attracted increasing attention, especially the reductive amination of biomass molecules via electrochemical upgrading. To achieve efficient reductive amination of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) via electrocatalytic biomass upgrading, this work proposes a new HMF biomass upgrading strategy based on metal supported on Mo2B2 MBene nanosheets using a density functional theory comprehensive study. HMF and methylamine (CH3CH2) can be reduced to 5‐(hydroxymethyl) aldiminefurfural (HMMAMF) via electrocatalytic biomass upgrading, which is identified as a promising technology to produce pharmaceutical intermediates. Based on the proposed reaction mechanisms of HMF reductive amination, this work performs a systematic study of HMF amination to HMMAMF using an atomic model simulation method. This study aims to design a high‐efficiency catalyst based on Mo2B2@TM nanosheets via the reductive amination of 5‐HMF and provide insights into the intrinsic relation between thermochemical and material electronic properties and the role of dopant metals. This work establishes the Gibbs free energy profiles of each reaction HMF Biomass Upgrading on Mo2B2 systems and obtained the limiting potentials of the rate‐determining step, which included the kinetic stability of dopants, HMF adsorbability, and the catalytic activity and selectivity of the hydrogen evolution reaction or surface oxidation. Furthermore, charge transfer, d‐band center (εd), and material property (φ) descriptors are applied to establish a linear correlation to determine promising candidate catalysts for reductive amination of HMF. The candidates Mo2B2@Cr, Mo2B2@Zr, Mo2B2@Nb, Mo2B2@Ru, Mo2B2@Rh, and Mo2B2@Os are suitable high‐efficiency catalysts for HMF amination. This work may contribute to the experimental application of biomass upgrading catalysts for biomass energy and guide the future development of biomass conversion strategies and utilization.
Reversible Stacking of 2D ZnIn2S4 Atomic Layers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wu Liqin , Li Mingjie , Zhou Biao , Xu Shuang , Yuan Ligang , Wei Jianwu , Wang Jiarong , Zou Shibing , Xie Weiguang , Qiu Yongcai , Rao Mumin , Chen Guangxu , Ding Liming , Yan Keyou
Published: June 2023

It is technically challenging to reversibly tune the layer number of 2D materials in the solution. Herein, a facile concentration modulation strategy is demonstrated to reversibly tailor the aggregation state of 2D ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) atomic layers, and they are implemented for effective photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution. By adjusting the colloidal concentration of ZIS (ZIS‐X, X = 0.09, 0.25, or 3.0 mg mL−1), ZIS atomic layers exhibit the significant aggregation of (006) facet stacking in the solution, leading to the bandgap shift from 3.21 to 2.66 eV. The colloidal stacked layers are further assembled into hollow microsphere after freeze‐drying the solution into solid powders, which can be redispersed into colloidal solution with reversibility. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of ZIS‐X colloids is evaluated, and the slightly aggregated ZIS‐0.25 displays the enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution rates (1.11 µmol m−2 h−1). The charge‐transfer/recombination dynamics are characterized by time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy, and ZIS‐0.25 displays the longest lifetime (5.55 µs), consistent with the best photocatalytic performance. This work provides a facile, consecutive, and reversible strategy for regulating the photo‐electrochemical properties of 2D ZIS, which is beneficial for efficient solar energy conversion.
Synergistic Passivation With Phenylpropylammonium Bromide for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Annan , Gu Hao , Li Wang , Liao Jinfeng , Xia Junmin , Liang Chao , Sun Guoxing , Sha Zhendong , Xing Guichuan
Published: June 2023

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising technology for commercialization due to their reliable operation and scalable fabrication. However, in inverted PSCs, depositing a high‐quality perovskite layer comparable to those realized in normal structures still presents some challenges. Defects at grain boundaries and interfaces between the active layer and carrier extraction layer seriously hinder the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of these cells. In this work, it is shown that synergistic bulk doping and surface treatment of triple‐cation mixed‐halide perovskites with phenylpropylammonium bromine (PPABr) can improve the efficiency and stability of inverted PSCs. The PPABr ligand is effective in eliminating halide vacancy defects and uncoordinated Pb2+ ions at both grain boundaries and interfaces. In addition, a 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (2D‐RP) perovskite capping layer is formed on the surface of 3D perovskite by using PPABr post‐treatment. This 2D‐RP perovskite capping layer possesses a concentrated phase distribution ≈n = 2. This capping layer not only reduces interfacial non‐radiative recombination loss and improves carrier extraction ability but also promotes stability and efficiency. As a result, the inverted PSCs achieve a champion PCE of over 23%, with an open‐circuit voltage as high as 1.15 V and a fill factor of over 83%.
Model‐based risk analysis for system design
Authors: Mendes J. Pedro
Published: June 2023

Despite being the dominant risk analysis paradigm, event guessing is useless for systems design. In management, no event guessing has ever preempted the launch of policies that are decided, not designed. In engineering, events are not guessed; rather, they are created for testing purposes. Events provide inputs to which systems respond according to their structure, as described by state‐space or equivalent System Dynamics models. A new risk analysis framework draws design support information from model attributes. Risk‐informed dynamic models help design physical architectures or organizational policies that capably respond to arbitrary events. The approach builds on the notion that all inputs carry energy. Physical or policy systems change states by trading energy with the surroundings, through expected transactions and unexpected disturbances. A non‐probabilistic risk framework supports the design by showing that the system exhibits intended functionality when responding to arbitrary inputs. Instead of guessing countless hypothetical events, the framework systematically and comprehensively analyzes weaknesses in the system model using a programmed algorithm. It applies to any state‐space dynamic model by defining risk as a function of the energy needed to move the system from an acceptable to a faulty state. Robust systems dissipate excess energy, whereas vulnerable systems lose functionality. Fuses and cushions are generic classes of protections. Placing them into system models at identified weak points helps improve design. Two published simple models of business policies illustrate the framework, which is extended to define measures for consequence and uncertainty as functions of acceptable and faulty states.