bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eDNA metabarcoding analysis reveals the consequence of creating ecosystem‐scale refugia from deer grazing for the soil microbial communities
Authors: Kadowaki Kohmei , Honjo Mie N. , Nakamura Naoto , Kitagawa Yoichiro , Ishihara Masae I. , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Tachiki Yuuya , Fukushima Keitaro , Sakaguchi Shota , Mizuki Inoue , Fujiki Daisuke , Sakai Masaru , Takayanagi Atsushi , Yamasaki Michimasa , Tokuchi Naoko , Takahashi Daiki , Nagasawa Koki , Masuda Kazutoshi
Published: November 2023

Ungulate overbrowsing is a growing problem in forests worldwide due to its prolonged and pervasive impact on plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. It has been shown that overbrowsing not only reduces plant species diversity and biomass (i.e., direct effects) but also causes a loss of associated trophic levels that could potentially feedback to influence plant community structure (i.e., indirect effects). One of the primary pathways of such indirect effects that have not been fully examined is the impact of overbrowsing on soil microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that soil microorganisms maintain vegetation diversity and drive succession, so it is of critical importance to understand how soil microbial communities might be affected by or protected from the deer impact. To assess the consequence of creating artificial grazing refugia on the structure and composition of soil microbial communities, we compared the distribution and abundance of soil microbial taxa (bacteria, archaea, fungi) at the fenced versus unfenced control sites in the context of a catchment‐scale field experiment in Japan. The eDNA metabarcoding analysis of soil microbial communities showed that the numbers of archaea and basidiomycetes fungal species were greater in the fenced site than in the control, while no such pattern was found for bacteria and ascomycetes fungi. Despite the lack of significant influence of the fence treatment on taxonomic composition in the soil fungal communities, their functional guild composition was influenced by the fenced treatment, with significant changes in the abundance of animal pathogens. Thus, although the effect of fencing on soil microbial communities is characterized by complex responses that vary from taxon to taxon, our work suggests that creating ecosystem‐scale refugia from deer overgrazing might help sustain certain, if not all, taxa of soil microbial communities.
Catalyst‐Free Regioselective 1,2‐Diheterofunctionalization of Vinylferrocene
Authors: García‐Martínez Patricia , Crespo Andrés , González Javier , Borge Javier , López Luis A.
Published: November 2023

In this study, we report a catalyst‐free aminohalogenation process applied to vinylferrocene, employing N‐halosuccinimides (NXS; X=Cl, Br, I) as dual nitrogen and halogen sources. This 1,2‐diheterofunctionalization reaction takes place with complete regioselectivity, wherein the terminal carbon atom of the vinyl group selectively reacts with the electrophilic halogenating reagent, resulting in the formation of a cationic intermediate, which is subsequently captured by the succinimide anion. The structure of the key cationic intermediate was studied using theoretical methods. This intermediate can react with alternative nucleophiles, enabling a three‐component strategy for the synthesis of novel 1,2‐diheterofunctionalized ferrocene derivatives.
Copper‐Catalyzed Stepwise Aerobic Oxidation/N‐Arylation from Benzothiazole
Authors: Chen Li , Li Xuezhen , Xu Keliang , Xu Qi , Liu Yan , Liu Ping
Published: November 2023

We report herein an efficient synthesis of 3‐arylbenzothiazolin‐2‐one compounds. First, substituted benzothiazoles can be smoothly oxidized to benzothiazolin‐2‐one derivatives in the presence of CuCl2 and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Secondly, the Cu2S‐catalyzed N‐arylation of benzothiazolin‐2‐one with arylboronic acids yields a series of novel 3‐aryl benzothiazolin‐2‐one derivatives. The method provides good yields for a variety of substrates and shows good compatibility with functional groups. The usefulness of the skeleton was further illustrated by the derivatization of 3‐aryl‐benzothiazolin‐2‐one. Mechanistic studies suggest that the oxidation of benzothiazole may undergo a free radical reaction process.
Developmental validation of a novel 8‐dye fluorescent typing system with 59 Y‐STRs and 3 Y‐indels for forensic applications
Authors: Liu Yanan , Liu Tiezhu , Chen Ronghua , Hao Sijing , Li Shilin , Tang Zhen , Xia Mingying , Li Xiuli , Cheng Cheng , Li Qinli , Li Hui
Published: November 2023

An 8‐dye fluorescence‐labeling forensic Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) kit, the 62‐plex Y‐STR multiplex amplification system, was developed and optimized. The system was validated by testing PCR conditions, stutter ratios (SR) and peak height ratios, sensitivity, mixture samples, precision and accuracy, species‐specificity, and inhibition studies according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods guidelines. PCR‐based studies showed that the recommended PCR conditions were optimized for this kit. In the sensitivity study, a full profile was obtained from template DNA with a quantity of u125 pg. Consistent profiles were obtained from three different laboratories. The SRs in all loci were less than 15%, and nice balance and suitable average peak height were shown. No peaks were detected in the profiles of common animal species and microorganisms. In the male–male mixture studies, all loci were observed at a ratio of 1:8, and in the male–female mixture study, all alleles could be profiled at a ratio of 1:500 if the male DNA inputs were ≥0.5 ng/µL. An inhibitor study demonstrated that the kit had varying degrees of resistance to the presence of common inhibitors. Population study demonstrated the 62‐plex Y‐STR Kit improved the power of discrimination in unrelated Chinese Han males (n = 192). When haplotype diversity was 1, the probability of discrimination power of the 62‐plex Y‐STR Kit was 0.9948, which is suitable for forensic investigations. The results show that the developed 8‐dye fluorescence labeling 62 loci system is sensitive, robust, convenient, and highly informative for forensic applications.
A brief examination of treatment outcomes in higher levels of care for individuals with eating disorders across age groups
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Mehler Philip S. , Duffy Alan , Le Grange Daniel , Blalock Dan V.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Although eating disorders (EDs) occur throughout the lifespan, little research has been conducted with midlife/older adults, particularly those in higher levels of care (HLOC). The current study examined outcomes among 2009 patients with EDs receiving HLOC treatment at a large multisite facility between January 2020 and June 2022, across different age groups (ages <18, 18–25, 26–39 and ≥40). It was hypothesised that patients aged 40+ would exhibit less improvement on measures of ED psychopathology and depression than other age groups.

Method

Participants completed the eating disorder examination‐questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and the patient health questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) at admission and discharge.

Results

Changes for all outcomes from admission to discharge were statistically significant at p < 0.001 across all age groups. Changes in the EDE‐Q Restraint subscale were significantly less in patients ages 26–39 than in patients ages 18–25 (p < 0.01). Changes in PHQ‐9 were significantly greater in patients ages 40+ than patients ages 18–25 (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Contrary to hypotheses, patients ages 40+ did not show worse outcomes than younger patients, and showed greater improvements in depression than young adults. The therapeutic needs of midlife/older adults with EDs may be favourably met by a HLOC regimen as described in this study.
Characteristics, antimicrobial capacity, and antioxidant potential of electrospun zein/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers containing thymoquinone and electrosprayed resveratrol nanoparticles
Authors: Aminzare Majid , Soltan Ahmadi Saeideh , Azar Hassan Hassanzad , Nikfarjam Nasser , Roohinejad Shahin , Greiner Ralf , Tahergorabi Reza
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present study was to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of zein/polyvinyl alcohol (ZN/PVA) nanofibers containing 2% and 4% of thymoquinone (TQ), either alone or in combination with electrosprayed ZN nanoparticles containing 1% and 2% of resveratrol (RS). According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the diameter of nanofibers and nanoparticles increased with increasing TQ and RS concentrations, respectively. The molecular interaction between ZN or PVA polymers and TQ or RS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of nanofibers did not change with the addition of TQ and RS. Moreover, incorporation of TQ in nanofibers along with RS nanoparticles increased their antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities based on broth dilution and DPPH methods, respectively (p ≤ .05). Escherichia coli O157:H7 (as a Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria) was more resistant to all treatments than Staphylococcus aureus (as a Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria). In addition, the combined use of TQ in nanofibers and RS nanoparticles had antagonistic antibacterial and synergistic antioxidant effects. The best results were obtained with ZN/PVA nanofiber containing 4% TQ and electrosprayed with 2% RS nanoparticles (p ≤ .05). According to the results of the present study, biodegradable ZN/PVA nanofiber containing TQ and electrosprayed with RS nanoparticles can be used as a novel active packaging material in the food industry.
New insights on the potential effect of progesterone in Covid‐19: Anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
Authors: Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Maiahy Thabat J. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Elhussieny Omnya , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: November 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). COVID‐19 is higher in men than women and sex hormones have immune‐modulator effects during different viral infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. One of the essential sex hormones is progesterone (P4). Aims: This review aimed to reveal the association between P4 and Covid‐19. Results and Discussion: The possible role of P4 in COVID‐19 could be beneficial through the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of the release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. P4 stimulates skew of naïve T cells from inflammatory Th1 toward anti‐inflammatory Th2 with activation release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and activation of regulatory T cells (Treg) with decreased interferon‐gamma production that increased during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition, P4 is regarded as a potent antagonist of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), it could reduce MRs that were activated by stimulated aldosterone from high AngII during SARS‐CoV‐2. P4 active metabolite allopregnanolone is regarded as a neurosteroid that acts as a positive modulator of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAA) so it may reduce neuropsychiatric manifestations and dysautonomia in COVID‐19 patients. Conclusion: Taken together, the anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of P4 may improve central and peripheral complications in COVID‐19.
Making and breaking habits: Revisiting the definitions and behavioral factors that influence habits in animals
Authors: Handel Sophia N. , Smith Rachel J.
Published: November 2023

Habits have garnered significant interest in studies of associative learning and maladaptive behavior. However, habit research has faced scrutiny and challenges related to the definitions and methods. Differences in the conceptualizations of habits between animal and human studies create difficulties for translational research. Here, we review the definitions and commonly used methods for studying habits in animals and humans and discuss potential alternative ways to assess habits, such as automaticity. To better understand habits, we then focus on the behavioral factors that have been shown to make or break habits in animals, as well as potential mechanisms underlying the influence of these factors. We discuss the evidence that habitual and goal‐directed systems learn in parallel and that they seem to interact in competitive and cooperative manners. Finally, we draw parallels between habitual responding and compulsive drug seeking in animals to delineate the similarities and differences in these behaviors.
Informality, self‐employment and heterogeneous managerial ability: A model for developing countries
Authors: Badaoui Eliane , Bargain Olivier , Kwenda Prudence , Strobl Eric , Walsh Frank
Published: November 2023

The view of informal employment as a last resort in the labour market has recently been challenged by numerous studies documenting the existence of a high degree of heterogeneity within the formal and informal sectors. In particular, informal self‐employment/employment may be voluntary or forced. There is currently not much theoretical support for these observations. We develop a theoretical model of the labour market with both formal and informal firms and a distribution of managerial skills in the population. Consistent with existing empirical evidence, this setup reconciles the undesirable and productive forms of self‐employment that coexist in the economy.
General anesthesia enhances lesion quality and ablation efficiency of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Wang Kexin , Jin Caiyi , Chen Hongwu , Yang Gang , Liu Hailei , Wang Zidun , Jiang Xiaohong , Ju Weizhu , Chen Minglong
Published: November 2023

Background

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. General anesthesia (GA) resolves the problem of pain intolerability and provides regular respiratory mode which might improve the catheter maneuverability of AF ablation. This study aims to compare the procedural performance of PVI under GA versus conscious sedation (CS) from multiple perspectives.

Methods

A total of 36 consecutive patients undergoing first AF ablation under GA were enrolled in GA group. Another 109 patients receiving AF ablation under CS in the same period were selected as the control group. After propensity score matching, 29 matched pairs with similar baseline characteristics were available for further analysis. The AIFV (using AI to analyze the raw data from CARTO3 system) system was used to evaluate six procedural parameters in each PVI procedure.

Results

Compared with CS, PVI under GA had a significantly shorter total PVI time (51.4 min vs. 67.8 min; p = .003) and higher radiofrequency ratio (62.6% vs. 55.8%; p = .032). The number of gaps (1.0 vs. 3.0; p < .001) and the rate of break point were significantly lower in the GA group. GA was also associated with a higher effective ablation‐index ratio (87.5% vs. 74.1%; p < .001) and effective force‐over‐time ratio (85.3% vs. 69.2%; p = .001). After a medium follow‐up time of 24 months, 12/29 (41.4%) patients in the CS group and 6/29 (20.7%) patients in the GA group suffered from AF recurrence (p = .156).

Conclusions

GA improves the lesion quality and procedural efficiency of PVI from multiple perspectives evaluated by the AIFV system.
Improvement of physicochemical properties of lycopene by the self‐assembly encapsulation of recombinant ferritin GF1 from oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Xia Xiaoyu , Li Han , Xu Xianbing , Wu Chao , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Guanghua , Du Ming
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid found in abundance in ripe red fruits, exhibits higher singlet oxygen quenching activity than other carotenoids. However, the stability of LYC is extremely poor due to its high double‐bond content. In this paper, a nano‐encapsulation strategy based on highly stable marine‐derived ferritin GF1 nanocages was used to improve the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of LYC, thereby boosting its functional effectiveness and industrial applicability.

RESULTS

The preparation of GF1‐LYC nanoparticles benefited from the pH‐responsive reversible self‐assembly of GF1 to capture LYC molecules into GF1 cavities with a LYC‐to‐protein ratio of 51 to 1. After the encapsulation of the LYC, the reassembled GF1 nanocages maintained intact morphology and good monodispersity. The GF1‐LYC nanoparticles incorporated the characteristic LYC peaks in spectrograms, and their powder form contained the crystalline form of LYC. Molecular docking revealed that LYC bound with the inner triple‐axis channel areas of GF1, interacting with VAL139, LYS72, LYS65, TYR69, PHE129, HIS133, HIS62, and TYR134 amino acids through hydrophobic bonds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also demonstrated the bonding of GF1 and LYC. In comparison with free LYC, GF1 reduced the thermal degradation of encapsulated LYC at 37 °C significantly and maintained the 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)‐scavenging ability of LYC.

CONCLUSION

As expected, the water solubility, thermal stability, and antioxidant capacity of encapsulated LYC from GF1‐LYC nanoparticles was notably improved in comparison with free LYC, indicating that the shell‐like marine ferritin nanoplatform might enhance the stable delivery of LYC and promote its utilization in the field of food nutrition and in other industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Curcumin suppresses the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting NKD2 methylation to ameliorate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Xi , Dun Yu , Wu Wei , Shen Jie , Zhang Feng , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2023

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life‐threatening condition with no effective treatment currently available. Curcumin (CCM), a polyphenol compound in Curcuma Longa, reportedly has positive effects against intestinal I/R injury. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effect of CCM against intestinal I/R injury has not been fully clarified. To determine whether the protective effect of CCM was mediated by epigenetic effects on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, the effect of CCM was examined in vivo and in vitro. An intestinal I/R model was established in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and Caco‐2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) for in vivo simulation of I/R. The results showed that CCM significantly reduced inflammatory, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress induced by I/R insult in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis showed that CCM preconditioning reduced the protein levels of β‐catenin, p‐GSK3β, and cyclin‐D1 and increased the protein level of GSK3β compared with the I/R group. Overexpressing β‐catenin aggravated H/R injury, and knocking down β‐catenin relieved H/R injury by improving intestinal permeability and reducing the cell apoptosis. Moreover, Naked cuticle homolog 2(NKD2) mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in the CCM‐pretreated group. 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AZA) treatment improved intestinal epithelial barrier impairment induced by H/R. Besides, the protein levels of total β‐catenin, phosphor‐β‐catenin and cyclin‐D1 were reduced after overexpressing NKD2 in Caco‐2 cells following H/R insult. In conclusion, Our study suggests that CCM could attenuate intestinal I/R injury in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway via inhibition of NKD2 methylation.
Applications of visualizing cochlear basal turn in cochlear implantation
Authors: Sugarova Sima , Kuzovkov Vlad , Altamimi Fahad , Vetrichelvan Janani , Prasad Rohit , Kedves Andras , Dhanasingh Anandhan
Published: November 2023

Objective

To report a reliable method in obtaining optimal cochlear basal turn and cross‐section (c/s) of internal auditory canal (IAC) supporting Cochlear implantation (CI) procedure.

Materials and Methods

Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans of potential CI candidates from 2018 to 2022 from the tertiary center were considered for analysis. Slicer software was used in three‐dimensional (3D) segmentation of inner ear and for capturing the cochlear basal turn.

Results

A total of 1932 head scans were made available for the analysis and out of which 1866 scans had normal anatomy (NA) inner ear. Incomplete partition (IP) type‐I was identified in 19 ears, IP type‐II in 27 ears, IP type‐III in 6 ears, cochlear hypoplasia (CH) type‐I in 6 ears, CH type‐II in 1 ear, CH type‐III in 3 ears, and CH type‐IV is 3 ears, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome in 1 ear. 3D segmented inner ear helped in successfully obtaining the cochlear basal turn and the c/s of IAC in all anatomical types. Time taken to capture the cochlear basal turn with the help of 3D segmented inner ear was <1 min. Within the NA category, five cases showed scalar ossification, and its extent was identified in the cochlear basal turn.

Conclusion

The identification and the extent of ossification in the scala tympani, shape of the basal turn, and the cochlear size measurement in cochlear basal turn has high clinical relevance as this helps in surgical planning and in choosing appropriate electrode length.

Level of evidence: Level 2 to the best of our understanding.
THz Generation via Optical Rectification in Nanomaterials: Universal Modeling Approach and Effective χ¯¯(2)$\bar{\bar{\chi }}^{(2)}$ Description
Authors: Arregui Leon Unai , Carletti Luca , Rocco Davide , De Angelis Costantino , Della Valle Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Optical rectification (OR) at the nanoscale has attracted an increasing interest in the prospect of providing efficient ultracompact terahertz (THz) sources. Here, a universal modeling approach capable of addressing both isotropic and anisotropic all‐dielectric nonlinear nanomaterials on an ultra‐broad spectral range, covering the highly dispersive phonon‐polariton window, and different orientations of the crystallographic axes with respect to the geometry of the structure is reported. This analysis is exemplified by considering two study cases, that is, nanopillars of AlGaAs and of LiNbO3. A close comparison between the two cases is established in terms of THz generation efficiency from 4 to 14 THz. Phonon‐polariton contributions to the OR process are disentangled from the electronic one, and a model order reduction based on the reciprocity theorem is applied and validated on both the considered configurations. These results, combined with the inspection of the THz near‐field features, pave the way to the design and optimization of nonlinear metasurfaces for THz generation and detection at the nanoscale.
DNAJC12 in Monoamine Metabolism, Neurodevelopment, and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Deng Isaac Bul , Follett Jordan , Bu Mengfei , Farrer Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

Recent studies show that pathogenic variants in DNAJC12, a co‐chaperone for monoamine synthesis, may cause mild hyperphenylalaninemia with infantile dystonia, young‐onset parkinsonism, developmental delay and cognitive deficits. DNAJC12 has been included in newborn screening, most revealingly in Spain, and those results highlight the importance of genetic diagnosis and early intervention in combating human disease. However, practitioners may be unaware of these advances and it is probable that many patients, especially adults, have yet to receive molecular testing for DNAJC12. Hence, this review summarizes genotype–phenotype relationships and treatment paradigms for patients with pathogenic variants in DNAJC12. It provides an overview of the structure of DNAJC12 protein, known genetic variants, domains, and binding partners, and elaborates on its role in monoamine synthesis, disease etiology, and pathogenesis. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Whole exome sequencing reveals novel candidate variants for endometriosis utilizing multiple affected members in a single family
Authors: Kina Busra Gizem , Topbas Selcuki Nura Fitnat , Bahat Pinar Yalcin , Usta Taner , Aydin Sevcan , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Tuncer Feyza Nur , Oral Engin
Published: November 2023

Background

Endometriosis is an estrogen‐dependent, chronic inflammatory disease that affects 10% of women during the reproductive ages. Despite the estimated 50% heritability for the condition, only 26% was associated with common genetic variants. Thus, necessity of identifying rare variants for the missing heritability is implicated in the literature. Therefore, our study aimed to identify novel rare genetic variants involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis utilizing a family of multiple affected members.

Methods

A family composed of four affected women along with their two unaffected mothers were recruited at a single gynecology and infertility clinic specialized in endometriosis. All patients presented with endometriomas, which was visualized by transvaginal ultrasonography. Two affected individuals had received laparoscopic endometrioma excision and therefore were diagnosed with recurrent disease. One mother had a history of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma (ESC) for which she underwent hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Three endometriosis cases were whole exome sequenced on Illumina NextSeq 550 platform with an average of 90% coverage. Candidate genes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and followed‐up with family segregation.

Results

Novel rare variants were identified in TNFRSF1B (NM_001066.3: c.1072G>A, p.(Ala358Thr)) and GEN1 (NM_001130009.3: c.1574C>T, p.(Ser525Leu)) as possible genetic causes of endometriosis. A third novel rare variant was identified in CRABP1 (NM_004378.3:c.54G>C, p.(Glu18Asp)) only on the mother with ESC history and her daughters.

Conclusion

Novel candidate genetic variants that might contribute to endometriosis were suggested that need replication through independent cohorts or validation by functional studies. The family has also received genetic counseling and that the affected daughters are on clinical follow‐up, accordingly.
The three‐dimensional community structure of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits captured by the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale: An exploratory graph analysis
Authors: Panagiotidi Maria , Zavlis Orestis , Jones Myles , Stafford Tom
Published: November 2023

Objective

To employ a novel analytic method—namely, exploratory graph analysis (EGA)—to subclinical attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trait scores in order to reveal their dimensional structure, as well as compare EGA's performance with traditional factor‐analytic techniques in doing so.

Method

1149 respondents from a survey panel completed the ASRS, a common ADHD scale made up of 18 distinct trait measures. EGA and factor analysis were applied to identify traits which associate with each other.

Results

EGA revealed 3 distinct communities, and ruled out a 2‐community structure. This was in contrast to the 2‐factor structure suggested by the factor analysis, and the conventional division of ADHD into two subdimensions (hyperactivity and inattention).

Conclusion

A dimensional structure of three clusters (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention) may better reflect the traits underlying ADHD. EGA has benefits in terms of both analytic approach and interpretability of findings.
Sounding the alarm: Occurrences of fraud in nonprofit community sport organizations
Authors: Misener Katie E. , Kihl Lisa A. , Wicker Pamela , Cuskelly Graham
Published: November 2023

This study examines the prevalence of fraud occurrences in community sport organizations (CSOs) and compares the organizational characteristics of CSOs that have and have not experienced fraud. The empirical analysis relies on online survey data gathered in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Germany (n = 1256). Respondents were asked if organizational fraud had occurred in their CSO in the last ten years. In the full sample, 12.2% of organizations had experienced some type of fraud. The results showed occurrences of fraud were significantly higher among organizations that support the local community, have a high annual budget, possess grant income, and perform large and complex financial transactions and among those who lacked policies for handling assets and cash. In contrast, occurrences of fraud were significantly lower in organizations with a relatively small annual budget, a plan for the education and professional development of board members, and at least two individuals handling cash or checks. The analyses of geographic subsamples not only partially echoes the results for the full sample, but also shows further significant differences. The findings reveal that fraud occurrence across subsamples does not follow a clear pattern, demonstrating that prevention measures should be tailored based on geographic and organizational context.
Intravenous fluid therapy and hospital outcomes for vaso‐occlusive episodes in children, adolescents, and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Haimed Abraham , Weiss Rebecca , Kwon Soyang , Bhat Rukhmi , Badawy Sherif M.
Published: November 2023

Background

While intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) admitted for a vaso‐occlusive episode (VOE) can help reduce red blood cell sickling, clinical practice varies across institutions. We examined the relationship between IVF therapy and hospital length of stay (HLOS), as well as adverse events, such as acute chest syndrome (ACS), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer, and 28‐day re‐admission.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective analysis of SCD VOE hospitalizations between January 2015 and April 2020. Patients with SCD, age 0–30, with consecutive hospitalizations for VOE were included. For the first 3 days of each admission, an “IVF ratio” was calculated by dividing actual IVF rate administered by weight‐based maintenance IVF (mIVF) rate.

Results

A total of 617 hospitalizations for 161 patients were included. Mean HLOS was 5.7 days, (SD 3.9), and mean IVF volume over the first 3 days of admission was 139.6 mL/kg/day (SD 57.8). Multivariate analysis showed that for each additional 0.5 times the mIVF rate, HLOS increased by 0.53 day (p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.609–0.989), but there was no significant association between IVF therapy and adverse events. History of chronic pain was associated with increased odds of re‐admission (OR 6.4; 95% CI: 3.93–10.52).

Conclusions

Despite the theoretical potential for IVF therapy to slow down the sickling process, our findings suggest that increased IVF therapy was associated with prolonged HLOS, which places a burden on patients, families, and the health system.
Higher order neurocognition in pediatric brain tumor survivors: What can we learn from white matter microstructure?
Authors: Glazer Sandra , Kim Young Jin , Fecher Madison , Billetdeaux Katherine A. , Gilliland Erin B. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Olshefski Randal , Yeates Keith Owen , Vannatta Kathryn , Hoskinson Kristen R.
Published: November 2023

Background

Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience neurocognitive late effects, including problems with working memory, processing speed, and other higher order skills. These skill domains are subserved by various white matter (WM) pathways, but not much is known about these brain–behavior links in PBTS. This study examined the anterior corona radiata (ACR), inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculi (IFOF), and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) by analyzing associations among diffusion metrics and neurocognition.

Procedure

Thirteen PBTS and 10 healthy controls (HC), aged 9–14 years, completed performance‐based measures of processing speed and executive function, and parents rated their child's day‐to‐day executive skills. Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion weighted imaging that yielded fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values. Independent samples t‐tests assessed group differences on neurocognitive and imaging measures, and pooled within‐group correlations examined relationships among measures across groups.

Results

PBTS performed more poorly than HC on measures of processing speed, divided attention, and shifting (d = −1.08 to −1.44). WM microstructure differences were significant in MD values for the bilateral SLF and ACR, with PBTS showing higher diffusivity (d = 0.75 to 1.21). Better processing speed, divided attention, and shifting were associated with lower diffusivity in the IFOF, SLF, and ACR, but were not strongly correlated with FA.

Conclusions

PBTS demonstrate poorer neurocognitive functioning that is linked to differences in WM microstructure, as evidenced by higher diffusivity in the ACR, SLF, and IFOF. These findings support the use of MD in understanding alterations in WM microstructure in PTBS and shed light on potential functions of these pathways.
Modeling the progressive damage of cryogenic microdroplet tests using a temperature‐friction cohesive zone model
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Xu Zhonghai , Zou Xiaocan , He Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

The fiber/resin interfacial mechanical properties in low‐temperature environments are crucial for composite materials, and a temperature‐friction cohesive zone model is proposed in this paper. This model combines the temperature effect, the interfacial friction effect, and the interfacial debonding. The mechanical characteristics of the fiber/matrix interface are described using this model. The proposed model has been implemented in ABAQUS using the VUMAT subroutine. To verify this model, microdroplet debonding experiments were conducted at temperatures 298, 193, and 77 K. The results of the simulation and the experiment matched well. The proposed model takes temperature differences as a parameter and can characterize the interfacial mechanical response at different temperatures. In addition, the temperature, friction, interface parameters, and microdroplet size effects on the mechanical properties of the fiber/matrix interface were investigated. The results show that interfacial friction and temperature differences have a significant impact on the interfacial mechanical properties. The microdroplet size also has an influence on interfacial shear strength.

Highlights

A temperature‐friction cohesive zone model is proposed.

Cryogenic microdroplet debonding tests were conducted.

The finite element method results are stable and close to the regression line of tests.

The temperature difference changes the stress state of the interface.

The interfacial sliding friction force has a large dispersion.
Abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber reinforced composite based on a nanoclay epoxy nanocomposite matrix
Authors: Zaccone Marta , Kociolek Irene , Frache Alberto , Bellini Costanzo , Di Cocco Vittorio , Monti Marco
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber composite based on epoxy nanocomposite matrix filled with layered‐silicate clay nanoparticles was evaluated. In the first step of the work, the clay‐epoxy nanocomposite was first studied to assess the dispersion and the performance, and then to select the best content for the fiber composite production. The nanocomposite mixture was prepared by finely dispersing clay nanoparticles into the epoxy monomer through mechanical stirring, then the hardener was added. After this step, the fiber reinforced composite was produced by vacuum infusion, and then the properties were evaluated. The abrasion resistance has been assessed using different approaches. A test was specifically designed to simulate the impact of abrasive powders which could potentially be found in the atmosphere and crash into aircraft or air vehicles (such as for instance volcanic ashes). The results showed that the presence of nanoclay reduces the weight loss of the sample with the impacted surface, which can be clearly correlated to a damage reduction.

Highlights

Sandblasting tool made to mimic impact of abrasive powder on composite surface

Presence of nanoclay does not significantly affect the vacuum infusion process

Layered‐silicate nanoparticles lead to improve composites abrasion resistance
Novel approach to enhance the optical and electrical properties of polymer electrolytes using phenol red dye
Authors: Koliyoor Jayalakshmi , Ismayil  , Ammathnad Babashankar Divyashree , Kannenahalli Anandkumar Jagadish , Thimmaiah Sheela
Published: November 2023

This article comprehensively analyzes how phenol red dye affects the optical, structural, and electrical properties of sodium bromide‐doped polymer electrolyte films based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Conventional solution casting technique has been employed to prepare the electrolytes. The optical analysis reveals that incorporating the phenol red dye improves the optical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to study the kind of complexation between the polymer and dopants. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of the electrolytes indicate the acquisition of free volume on the surface of the polymer matrix. The electrical properties are studied using impedance analyzer, which shows that the ionic conductivity increases when the dye is incorporated. The electrolyte system incorporated with 0.25 wt% of the dye exhibits the highest conductivity among the other systems. Photoluminescence investigation demonstrates that doping increases the intensity of the photoluminescence emission as it minimizes the free volume size. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromatograph studies indicate that the doped samples emit a yellow color with a color purity of 97%. All in all, the findings imply that adding dye to the polymer matrix increases the electrical and visual characteristics of the polymer electrolyte.

Highlights

Phenol red dye improves the optical properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose‐based polymer electrolytes.

Scanning electron microscope micrographs reveal the creation of free volume on the surface of electrolyte films.

Analysis of electrical properties shows a slight increase in ionic conductivity with dye incorporation.

Photoluminescence intensity increases with dye due to reduced free volume size.

Doped samples emit 97% purity yellow enhancing electrical and optical properties.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene)/mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride composite membranes for photocatalytic methylene blue degradation and sensing applications
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Kumar Rajesh , Yadav Ram Manohar
Published: November 2023

In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP)/mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) composite fiber web have been prepared and characterized for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation and sensing applications. The electrospinning technique, operating at a flow rate of 1 mL/h and a voltage of 15 kV, was utilized to prepare the composite membranes of PVDF‐HFP with the uniform distribution of the mpg‐C3N4. The composite web demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB, reaching a quick 68% drop in MB concentration in just 45 min. The composite web furthermore worked as a sensor for MB detection. After MB exposure, the film resistance was increased, suggesting its potential as a chemiresistive sensor. The maximum resistivity of PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composites was found to be 90 Ω·m at 2% concentration of MB. The MB molecules' adsorption on the surface of the composite web and the existence of photocatalytic byproducts on the surface may be responsible for this shift in resistance. This dual functionality highlights the adaptability and potential of the PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite web as a versatile material for environmental sensing and cleanup. This research presents a comprehensive approach to the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of such flexible membranes for potential applications as self‐cleaning devices and chemiresistive sensor.

Highlights

PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite membranes act as an efficient material for MB degradation (68%) with visible light exposure.

mpg‐C3N4 plays the role of active material in degradation.

PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite membrane also act as sensors for MB detection.

Composite membrane becomes chemiresistive due to notable resistivity changes with MB concentration.
Posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the impact of postoperative intravenous dexamethasone supplementation
Authors: McIntosh Amy , Lachmann Emily , Datcu Anne‐Marie , McLeod Christopher
Published: November 2023

Postoperative care pathways for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion have demonstrated decreases in postoperative opioid consumption, improved pain control, and lead to decreased lengths of stay. Our objective was to implement postoperative steroids to reduce acute postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and length of stay. Dosing consisted of intravenous dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg up to 4 mg per dose for a total of three doses at 8, 16, and 24 h postoperatively. As part of a quality initiative, we compared three cohorts of patients. The initial retrospective epidural cohort (EPI) (n = 59) had surgeon placed epidural catheters with infusion of ropivacaine 0.1% postoperatively for 18–24 h. Following an institutional change in postoperative care, epidural use was discontinued. A second cohort (n = 149), with prospectively collected data, received a surgeon placed erector spinae plane block and wound infiltration with a combination of liposomal and plain bupivacaine (LB). A third cohort (n = 168) was evaluated prospectively. This cohort received a surgeon placed erector spinae plane block and wound infiltration with liposomal and plain bupivacaine and additionally received postoperative dexamethasone for three doses (LB + D). Compared to the LB cohort, the LB + D cohort demonstrated statistically significant decreases in oral milligram morphine equivalents per kilogram at 0–24, 24–48, and 48–72 h. There was a statistically significant difference in median pain scores at 24–48 and 48–72 h in LB + D versus LB. The LB + D cohort's median length of stay in hours was significantly less compared to the LB cohort (52 h vs. 70 h, p < 0.0001). Postoperative intravenous dexamethasone was added to an established postoperative care pathway for patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis resulting in decreased VAS pain scores, opioid consumption, and shorter length of stay.
Polymer materials for constructing therapeutical nanoparticles in photothermal therapy
Authors: Li Rui‐Lin , Liu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: November 2023

Photothermal therapy (PTT) ablates tumors by thermal effects of photothermal agents (PTAs), and attracts wide attention due to the non‐invasive characteristic. The ideal PTAs are expected to have high photothermal conversion effect under NIR irradiation, as well as targeting abilities and good biocompatibility satisfying the need of application in vivo. Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as anti‐tumor materials, and plenty of researches on therapeutical NPs for PTT treatment have been developed. Among various building blocks for photothermal NPs, polymer materials for biomedical applications have great advantages due to their negligible toxicity, flexibility for functional modification, and ability to integrate multiple therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the polymer materials utilized in photothermal NP designing, including their application as excellent carriers and powerful PTAs with great PTT effects. Furthermore, the synergy therapy based on polymeric nanoplatform for enhancing PTT therapeutic efficiency will be introduced.
Higher levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in cord blood associate with risk of asthma at age 3
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Padilla Oslando , Casanello Paola , Forno Erick
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Experimental studies and epidemiological data in adults suggest that somatomedin‐C (insulin‐like growth factor‐1, IGF‐1) may play a role in asthma by modulating airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia. However, its role in children with asthma is not well understood.

Methods

We established a birth cohort with 339 Chilean pregnant mothers enrolled at the time of delivery from December 2014 to January 2016. We obtained cord blood at birth and followed the offspring every 6 months until 30 months of age, recording data on atopy, wheezing, and other respiratory illnesses. We measured IGF‐1 in cord blood and determined the Asthma Predictive Index (API) at 30 months. The cohort was divided according to the API.

Results

Complete data were available for 307/339 (91%) dyads, including 44 preschoolers with API+ and 263 with API–. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups, but mothers of API+ children had a higher prevalence of obesity, previous use of oral contraceptives, and higher education than those of API– children. API+ children had higher birth weight and significantly higher IGF‐1 in cord blood (37.4 ± 13.2 in API+ vs. 30.5 ± 13.0 ng/ml in API–, p = .01). In the multivariable analysis, IGF‐1 in cord blood remained independently associated with a higher risk of asthma (adjusted OR for API+ per ng/ml higher IGF‐1 = 1.03 [1.0–1.06], p = .015).

Conclusions

Higher insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in cord blood is associated with asthma risk in the preschool years.
Investigation on Magnetotransport Properties and Specific Heat Capacity of FeTe0.58Se0.42 Single Crystals Grown by Self‐Flux Method
Authors: Miglani Shivam K. , Chauhan Himanshu , Varma Ghanshyam Das
Published: November 2023

A comprehensive study of magnetotransport and field‐dependent specific heat of FeTe0.58Se0.42 single crystals synthesized using the self‐flux method is reported. The transport measurement reveals the presence of Fermi liquid behavior in the normal state resistivity of the single crystals. Furthermore, the grown single crystals exhibit anisotropy and demonstrate a high value of upper critical magnetic field (HC2). The magnetoresistance exhibits a linear behavior as the magnetic field increases, suggesting the possible presence of a Dirac‐cone state. Anisotropy is also observed in magnetoresistance near the superconducting transition temperature (TC). The sign reversal of the Hall coefficient and the violation of Kohler's rules are observed, which provide evidence of the presence of multiband effects in FeTe0.58Se0.42 single crystals. Specific heat measurements confirm the bulk superconductivity in the grown single crystals. Additionally, the specific heat jump is estimated, which is approximately equal to . The magnetic field‐dependent specific heat also suggests multiband superconductivity and offers insights into the upper critical field. Furthermore, the electronic specific heat is best fitted with a two‐band model. Moreover, the field‐dependent residual Sommerfeld coefficient gives information about the superconducting pairing symmetry.
Elastocaloric Effect and Magnetic Properties of Cu–Al–Mn Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Zhao Shulei , Li Chen , Ma Guoliang , Chen Mengru , Yang Fengnan , Zong Shuotong , Zhang Yan , Chen Fenghua , Jiang Zhengyi
Published: November 2023

Herein, the magnetic properties and elastocaloric effects of Cu70Al19 + 0.5xMn11−0.5x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys are investigated. The resistance versus temperature curves indicate that the phase transition temperature increases as the Mn content decreases. In particular, the Cu70Al20.5Mn9.5 alloy exhibits a phase transition temperature close to room temperature. Therefore, the elastocaloric effects of this alloy are examined under stresses ranging from 200 to 500 MPa. The results show that the adiabatic temperature change of the alloy under a stress of 500 MPa reaches 9.8 K. Furthermore, the magnetization curves at 300 K reveal that the magnetic properties of the alloy significantly improve after undergoing low‐temperature aging treatment. The X‐ray diffraction patterns show that this improvement can be attributed to the transformation of the β1 phase to the ferromagnetic phase β3. Overall, the Cu70Al20.5Mn9.5 alloy demonstrates elastocaloric and magnetic properties comparable to those observed in certain Ni–Mn‐based alloys.