bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Cleaning Technology in Motor Transport Enterprises Through the Use of Natural Materials
Authors: Radchenko O P , Moskvicheva E V , Klochkov D P
Published: June 2019

The paper outlines the main problems of the ecological use of wastewater treatment technologies in atotransport and construction enterprises. The main technologies used in these production facilities in the city of Volgograd and their main shortcomings are indicated in connection with the inefficient degree of purification. An efficient technology for wastewater treatment on the production data is proposed with the use of a building material as a sorption material.
Socio-Ecological Well-Being of the Population (the Regions of the Central Federal District are Example)
Authors: Yakovenko N V , Didenko O V , Safonova I V
Published: June 2019

The article analyses the methodological issues of the socio-ecological and economic justification for the multidimensional indicator of the quality of life of the population - the welfare index of the population. Particular attention is paid to the scientific substantiation and quantitative assessment of this index, calculated for the subjects of the Central Federal District and differing in the parameters of both socio-economic and environmental development. The proposed methodology for calculating the integral indicator of the well-being of the population will allow to assess the level of socio-economic and ecological well-being of the population living in the territory of Voronezh region, taking into account the influence of institutional factors. The index of the well-being of the population reflects such indicators as the level of social and economic development, incomes of the population, the cost of living, the quality of medical care, education, the state of the environment, security, cultural level, the level of development of small and medium-sized businesses, etc. By this method, we have obtained integral indices for 18 regions of the Central Federal District for a 5-year period (from 2012 to 2016), which allow to reveal general information about the social and ecological well-being of the studied region for a certain period. The obtained generalizing indicators can be used to assess the effectiveness of the administration of municipal entities in the field of socioeconomic and environmental policy.
Modern Technologies Applied to Archaeological Research in Voronezh Region
Authors: Hahulina N B , Maslikhova L I , Akimova S V
Published: June 2019

Archaeological research peculiarity is that in the process of studying the monuments are completely destroyed. Further you can use only the reporting documentation, compiled in the process of excavation. Traditionally used in archeology methods (schemes, drawings, photoes), do not give a complete picture of the monument under study. Modern technologies, such as photogrammetry, laser scanning, satellite technologies, etc., allow obtaining information about historical monuments, architecture; archaeologists in the future can recreate a visual representation of them. Archaeological research include not only excavation, but also exploration during which the discovery of new monuments occurs. Modern remote sensing technologies, as well as laser scanning technologies and others allow to realize this task more effectively.
Material with Quasi-Zero Stiffness for Vibration Isolation in Civil and Industrial Structures and Buildings
Authors: Valeev A , Tokarev A , Zotov A
Published: June 2019

The Paper is devoted to the problem of reduction of vibration level in civil and industrial structures and buildings. It is offered to use two-component material for vibration isolation. A special internal structure, that provides quasi-zero stiffness effect, is designed for this purpose. Use of two components makes the material more stable. Analytical and computer calculations have been made in order to get optimum geometrical parameters of the internal structure.
Chemical and Microbiological Composition of Technogenic Waters in the Tailing Dumps of Krasnorechensk Ore-dressing Plant (Primorsky Krai, Russia)
Authors: Kalitina E G , Kharitonova N A , Kuzmina T V
Published: June 2019

Chemical composition, distribution and quantity of chemolytotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms as well as some of their ecologo-physiological properties have been studied in the technogenic waters of tailing dumps. It has been shown that technogenic waters exhibit low values of pH (2.8 to 6.1), high mineralization (up to 5.6 g/l) and high content of trace elements. Microbiological analysis has shown that a wide spectrum of microorganisms is involved in destruction of sulfate-containing minerals. Technogenic waters of tailing dumps contain autotrophic thionic and sulfate-reducing bacteria, autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifiers, ammonifiers, heterotrophic manganese and iron-oxidizing bacteria, saprophyte microorganisms and microscopic fungi. Thionic and sulfate-reducing bacteria were most numerous in the waters under study thus indicating the processes of sulfur bacterial oxidation and reduction in the tailing dumps. Microbiocoenosis of the tailing dumps has failed to show a high qualitative diversity. Among the thionic bacteria there were Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Th. intermedius, Th. ferooxidans and Th. acidophilus. Microscopic fungi included Aspergillus, Penicillum, Mucor. The heterotrophic saprophyte microorganisms were predominantly gram-positive Bacillus sp. The isolated heterotrophic bacteria grew at the wide temperature and pH ranges and showed high resistance to heavy metals.
Perspectives of Using of Ultrasonic Cavitation in Water Treatment Technology for the Food Productions
Authors: Kalinina I , Naumenko N , Fatkullin R
Published: June 2019

Water is one of the main raw materials in the production of most foods; on its composition and quality greatly affect the quality of the finished product. In food production, water is used as a system of potable water supply, and is extracted from underground water sources.

At the today’s highly anthropogenic water pressure purification systems in the food industry do not always cope with the difficult task of water treatment, and manufacturers are often faced with the need for additional water treatment.

In this connection, the search for new approaches to adjusting the properties and composition of the water is important. The article notes the use of ultrasonic cavitation for water treatment processes for the food industry.
Two-Level Electrostatic Filter for Fine Cleaning
Authors: Okhotnikov M V , Nusenkis A A , Maksudov D V
Published: June 2019

In the given paper, we consider the original design of an electrostatic filter [2], which, in addition to precipitation of unburned hydrocarbon fuel particles (soot), allows to fulfill the fine cleaning of the waste flue gases. The design consists of two parts, each of which carry out respectively a coarse and fine cleaning of the smoke passing through the filter. The application of this filter allows to solve the problem of smoke emissions in certain industries and the national economy, where until now the using of the electrostatic cleaning method encountered some difficulties and was unsufficient. The compact construction of vertical design does not require the special place for its location and can be placed as a superstructure of the working pipe or inside it. The self-cleaning system at each filter level allows to minimize the influence factor of maintenance personnel on the work process, improves the safety level and increases the service life of the cleaning system between current repairs.
Water Treatment and Disinfection by Natural Solar Radiation in the Ferrous-Persulfate System
Authors: Garkusheva N M , Popova S A , Matafonova G G
Published: June 2019

The simultaneous treatment and disinfection of natural water and municipal wastewater using solar-enhanced Fenton-like process was studied. Using herbicide atrazine and bacterium Escherichia coli as model pollutants, the kinetics of separate and simultaneous processes of destruction and inactivation in different aqueous matrices (deionized water – DW, lake water – LW and wastewater – WW) were studied in the ferrous-persulfate system, activated with natural solar radiation {Solar/Fe2+/S2O8
2−}. It was found, that the presence of bacterial cells inhibited the rate of atrazine destruction in all water types, decreasing the pseudo-first-order rate constants by one order of magnitude. The accumulated solar doses (QUVA) for 90% atrazine removal from DW, NW and WW were 5.2, 5.7 and 9.2 kJ/L, respectively. By contrast, the presence of atrazine in NW and WW did not affect negatively on the E. coli inactivation rates. Inactivation of 95% cells was achieved (∼1.5 log reduction) at doses QUVA of 4-6 kJ/L, that is comparable with the literature data on E. coli inactivation in other oxidation systems. The combined method of simultaneous destruction of micropollutants and inactivation of microbial pathogens was proposed by using natural solar radiation in the ferrous-persulfate system.
Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Volchansky CO2-Rich Mineral Water and Mineral Precipitations (Sakhalin Island, Far East of Russia)
Authors: Bushkareva K Yu , Chelnokov G A , Bragin I V
Published: June 2019

Distribution and abundance of rare earth elements in Volchansky Spa of CO2-rich mineral waters and REE fractionation during the formation of Fe2O3 precipitates on the Sakhalin Island (the Far East of Russia) were studied. The main common features of waters are Na-Cl-HCO3 hydrochemical type, high total dissolved solids (5.4-6.5 g/L), a slightly alkaline pH (6.4-6.5), and reduced conditions (Eh from -181 to -110 mV). The NASC-normalized patterns of groundwaters are characterized by HREE enrichments, negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies. The explanation for the HREE-enriched pattern is that the HREEs form stronger complexes with ligands in solution than do the LREE. Mineral precipitates are presented by Fe-oxides and ΣREE concentrations significantly higher compared to those of the original waters. The slight negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies are also found in the precipitates and these values are very similar to those of the original CO2-rich waters. It is point out that mineral precipitates are unfractionated or slightly fractionated in comparison to the mineral waters.
Hydraulic Drive Dynamics Upon Pressure Line Failure
Authors: Voskresensky G G
Published: June 2019

The present paper addresses the process of loss of piping integrity of a hydraulic drive upon sudden failure of pressure line. We provide a theoretical analysis of pressure dynamics in pressure and drain lines with a view to find information parameters for development of devices precluding significant losses of hydraulic fluid. Tests of a prototype device showed a high degree of hydraulic drive protection.
Development of Intellectual Support System for ROV Operators
Authors: Konoplin A Yu , Konoplin N Yu , Filaretov V F
Published: June 2019

The article describes the system of intellectual support for remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operators, which provides the precise movements control of the ROV and its depressor-weight along the specified trajectories, even in the case when the supporting vessel has no a dynamic positioning system. Proposed system provides operators with visual recommendations and warnings, which are formed in real time on the basis of expert evaluation of the information obtained from various sensors and navigation systems. Software and hardware implementation of the system was carried out for the working class ROV Comanche 18. Experimental studies of the developed system were carried out during an expedition to the Bering Sea on board of the research vessel Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev.
Ships Route Searching with Respect of Sea Waves Danger
Authors: Akmaykin D A , Grinyak V M
Published: June 2019

The problem of marine traffic safety is discussed in this paper. The problem of ships path planning taking into account heavy weather conditions (sea waves) along the route is considered. As a metric characterizing the safety of traffic, a well-known storm diagram of ships at a passing wave is used. According to it, the level of danger is determined from the data on height and wavelength. The route is formed as a result of solving the problem of finding the shortest path on a weighed graph. As a source of meteorological data, satellite monitoring information is used. It is shown that in spite of the roughness of the initial data, they are able to give a practical solution for choosing the trajectory of the vessel’s motion. The work is accompanied by the results of full-scale experiments. The results of the assessment of the vessels safety and path planning in the waters of the Sea of Japan are presented.
Public Procurement Management as a Factor of National Sustainability (the Case of KPI Implementation in Russia)
Authors: Zolochevskaya E , Popova E , Medyakova E
Published: June 2019

In the context of international mutual economic restrictions, Russian contract system is becoming a relevant tool to solve problems in domestic policy. There is no single model to assess the effectiveness of procurement system in the world practice. In Russia, the assessment of this system performance is done by a number of executive authorities for their specific purposes. It is necessary to create an intelligent system of key performance indicators for public management budget procurement. Such system is required for current and rapid adjustments of decisions at all levels of a complex and multiple public procurement system in the Russian Federation. The article summarizes the possibilities to use principles of key performance indicators methods for performance assessment of public procurement management in Russia. A more detailed performance examination of specific groups of participants in the procurement system ranged according to the management levels and regions will enable in an integrated manner to evaluate the relevance of each group to the world procurement standards, to the professional requirements and to the performance appropriateness in accordance with the set goals. The article presents the effect of the overall assessment of the procurement system in five main areas. Delayed assessment criteria are identified. It is pointed out that their effectiveness is appropriate to evaluate in dynamics.
Development of Online Marketing Strategy for Thai Educational Institutes: Case of International College, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Authors: Simasathiansophon N
Published: June 2019

This research is aimed to explode strategy of online marketing for adjusting in International College, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (or SSRUIC in short), Thailand. The objectives of this study consist of; 1) to analyze online marketing environment in SSRUIC; and 2) to explode guideline to develop online marketing strategy. This research is a qualitative research method, in which the in-depth interview will be used to collect data. To analyze environment and explode guideline of online marketing strategy, the interview was conducted with 20 lecturers, supporting staffs, and current students who are currently working and studying in the college. The results illustrated that overall online marketing environment, both within and outside SSRUIC were in the good condition. Administrative environment could help the college to operate online marketing more efficient. Meanwhile external environment could facilitate the institute to effectively reach target market. The college, however, should create various online marketing tools as well as provide clearer and deeper information to all audients. To develop guideline of online marketing strategy, SWOT analysis can be applied with readjusted 4Ps marketing mix and 4S model. The college could maximize strengths by creating reliable and attractive online marketing tools. They could also offset weaknesses using opportunities in order to provide faster information with higher accuracy. Moreover, threats could be reduced by updating content to accomplish customer preferences. This research, as a result, can contribute the guideline to those who are in academic field to adjust their resources with online marketing strategy.
Danger of Engineering-Geological and Geological Processes at Construction of Offshore Facilities (the Coast of Sakhalin Island)
Authors: Yutkin A , Zinkov A
Published: June 2019

The article contains the analysis of engineering-geological problems arising at design, placement and operation of fish farms. Dangerous geological processes are considered on the example of the planned fish-breeding enterprise on the bank of Volchanka river, in 200 meters from its mouth in the northwest of Sakhalin Island. The construction project is complicated by the fact that the bank of the construction site is subjected to both river and sea abrasion.
Methodical Toolkit of Portfolio Management of Services of Professional Education
Authors: Iurieva L V , Dolzhenkova E V
Published: June 2019

The article forms the author’s methodical toolkit for managing the portfolio of the professional education services, as well as the results of its application. To manage the portfolio of the professional education services it is proposed to analyse them in order to identify the most promising areas of activity of the higher education establishments in the market of the educational services. It is proposed to monitor the higher education establishments on the basis of the creation of the n-dimensional matrices, using which the business-units may be compared with each other according to the various criteria. With that end in view, the application of the matrix of the“Boston Consulting Group”is considered, but modified in such a way as, on the one hand, to preserve its main advantages including the simplicity of visual perception and the usual terminology, and on the other hand - to use it for the analysis of the portfolio of the professional education services, taking into account their features. The parameter K (market share) (the horizontal axis of the modified matrix) and the parameter T (demand in the market) (vertical axis of the matrix) serve as a characteristic of each service group. The results of the calculations show that the use of the Boston Consulting Group modified matrix in managing the portfolio of the professional education services will make it possible to allocate the professional education services that are in demand in the market and, consequently, to affect the education establishment competitiveness.
Aspects of Harmonization of Requirements for Technical Regulation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shkarina T , Repina I , Nabokova A
Published: June 2019

In view of implementation of technical regulation reform in Russia, the authors have researched the level of requirements harmonization in part of development of Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (Eurasian Customs Union). Based on the case study of specific technical regulation of the Customs Union, we have conducted a research of recommended standards supporting the requirements and methods of control. This study makes it possible to focus attention on importance of deeper harmonization of requirements and methods of control within the frames of actualization of the current standards and development of new standards.
The Spreading of the Indirect Effects as the Condition for the Realization Public Interests of Regional Development
Authors: Roslyakova N
Published: June 2019

Currently, the search for the mechanisms of increasing regional economic growth based on domestic factors became relevant. One promising source such growth is the transport infrastructure. The development of the road network infrastructure and transport centers can become a significant source of quality of life and economic activity, because transport infrastructure has the ability to spread of positive indirect effects. Indirect effects of transport infrastructure will be to the expansion of effects from enterprises embedded in interregional and international production chains to the local level. In the article due to econometric models author shows the relationship between regional economic growth and transport infrastructure level of development. At the same time, institutional terms and practices of strategic management can limit the opportunities of regional growth through these mechanisms. On the example of some socio-economic and infrastructural development programs of the Leningrad region of the Russian Federation one shows inconsistency in the infrastructure and socio-economic development guidelines. The proposed models allow to compare of strategic guidelines of different programs and makes it possible to justify some adjustments. These adjustments are necessary to achieve the benchmarks of socio-economic development. Generally, on the basis of the analysis it becomes possible to propose measures to improve the structure and content of socioeconomic and infrastructural development programs of territories, which would allow more fully take into account the indirect effects which appeared in the development of transport infrastructure.
Contribution of Cross-Cultural Projects in Foreign Language Education of University Students (by the Example of Murom Institute)
Authors: Pankratova E A
Published: June 2019

At present it has become evident that one of the principle goals of teaching a foreign language is to develop communicative competence at the level sufficient enough for a student to be effective in the international environment. The research takes into account the tendency to nationalization (versus internationalization) of foreign language education in the countries outside the Anglo-Saxon world.

The project approach to foreign language teaching involving (1) the shift from knowledgebased orientation to activity-directed learning and (2) the emphasis on the national culture reflected in the local cultural peculiarities of an ancient Russian town – Murom is applied in this research. The research is based on the analysis of the 18-year experience of cross-cultural projects implementation by Professors and students of Murom Institute in cooperation with different inter-national centers. Several types of cross-cultural projects on the basis of the local component have been differentiated in accordance with the initiating organ-ization, the purpose and contents, the place of implementation, the participants, time length. Local cultural competence as an integral part of intercultural competence is outlined. The most effective methods are described.

The paper concludes that the applied approach is of great help to foreign language educators working on small territories with respect to the possibility of organizing equal cross-cultural communication which contributes to national identity preservation.
Perfection of Interbudgetary Relations as a Factor of Econom-ic Growth of Depressed Miner Territories
Authors: Streltsova E D , Dulin A N , Yakovenko I V
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the improvement of decision-making processes in the management of inter-budgetary relations between the regions and depressed mining municipalities. The tools of decision-making support in the form of economic and mathematical models included in the control circuit are proposed. Economic and mathematical tools are based on the application of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of stochastic automata in random environments. The constructed mathematical abstraction “stochastic automaton” describes the behavior of the decision-making subject in determining the norms of shared distribution of tax revenues between budgets on the vertical line of power. A stochastic automaton possesses the property of learningability of expedient behavior. The decisions made by the automaton regarding the values of the tax revenue distribution norms are quantified through interaction with the simulation model. The simulation model forms a random environment in which the stochastic automaton is immersed, and reacts to the administrative decisions made by the automaton through its encouragement and punishment. The article proposes the construction of a stochastic automaton, described by its transition function. The transition function of an automaton from state to state is formally represented by matrices. The authors derive analytical expressions for the final probabilities of the machine in each of its states. The efficiency of the economic and mathematical tools is demonstrated through the presentation of the results of the conducted experimental studies in the selection of options for decisions regarding the share of the distribution of tax revenues.
Optimizing the Treatment of Oil-Containing Wastewater with “Catan” Type Catalysts
Authors: Ponomareva A L , Stom D I , Kochetkova R P , Kochetkov A Yu , Tolstoy M Yu , Fialkow V A , Kupchinsky A B , Balayan A E
Published: June 2019

This work studies the effects of “Catan” type heterogeneous metal complex catalysts on the treatment of oil-containing water with active sludge. Both studied catalysts, but primarily catalyst 525, were able to eliminate oil from standard and real wastewater even without active sludge. The catalyst 525 and catalyst 524 also reduced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the oil-containing wastewater. According to the COD indicator, catalyst 525 was also more effective than catalyst 524. However, the greatest decrease in COD was observed in systems where both active sludge and “Catan” type catalysts were used. Thus, the joint use of “Catan” type catalysts and activated sludge significantly increased the removal rate of petroleum products and improved the quality of oily wastewater.
The problems of Economic Development of the Cities of the Russian Province in 1941-1945 (on the Materials of the Lower Volga Region)
Authors: Krasnozhenova E E , Kulik S V
Published: June 2019

The study, based on a comprehensive analysis of archival documents, focuses on the peculiarities of the economic development of the Lower Volga region towns in the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War. The authorsexamine the problems of supplying the region’s inhabitants with food and basic necessities, organisation of medical, housing and communal, as well as cultural and consumer services. Particular attention is devoted to the military daily routine of the residents of Stalingrad during the military operations in the city. The paper also shows the features of the industrial development of the region during the war period. The authorsanalyse the difficulties and shortcomings that arose in the work of local authorities of the Lower Volga region while solving everyday problems and providing social assistance to the inhabitants of the region. The authors conclude that such measures were quite effective and, despite the shortcomings and difficulties, allowed to ensure social stability in the region. The study was carried out on the basis of archival documents that are first time used for scientific purposesand have not yet been the object of historical analysis.
Complex Modeling of the Economic Systems Stability
Authors: Toroptsev E L , Marahovskiy A S , Babkin A V
Published: June 2019

Our work is devoted to the problem of the economic systems stability analysis. At the same time, we call stable those economies that demonstrate growth and expansion up to the limits guaranteed by the modern level of technological development of mankind. Such growth in terms of “production”, “profit”, “business cost” should be harmoniously combined with the welfare growth and fundamental “confidence in the future” of the people.

The objectives of the study are: 1) the analysis of the factors that are difficult for modeling both in general and in the study of the economic stability problems in particular; 2) the development of options to improve the validity, effectiveness and practical value of the equilibrium models use for the options of economic policy, its results and prospects mapping. Substantiation of expediency of stability, economic and welfare growth modeling on the basis of a set of computable General equilibrium models, and dynamic input-output models; 3) the development of mathematical algorithm for optimization of economic systems’ own dynamic properties, auxiliary functions of the transient processes quality simulating investment activity in economy as a necessary condition for the economic growth.
Buildings and Climate Change: Accelerating Transformation
Authors: Lorch R
Published: June 2019

The UNFCCC Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contributions, together with the Sustainable Development Goals, can be a driver for a comprehensive, positive societal transformation in the way we live and work. Three main building blocks comprise the new urban paradigm: energy, transportation and the built environment. The transition to a low-carbon society means buildings and cities must be at the nexus of climate strategies. The international research community has played a vital role in contributing to understanding the underpinning technical and economic problems as well as developing plausible solutions. However, different approaches are now urgently required to help implement solutions that are rapid, radical, deep and scalable. In order to achieve significant decarbonisation, the research agenda needs to broadened in scope to embrace public policy, provide wider social narratives and rethink the roles/responsibilities of professionals and public officials. A shift in the research agenda from a purely technical focus to a wider approach embracing policy and strategy will accelerate the desired changes. The academic community has an essential role in adapting the existing curricula for professional education to redefine the meanings and practices underpinning professionalism. For example, this needs to embrace the wider professional responsibilities owed to society particularly for performance, impacts and outcomes.
Decisive Use of Building Materials Based on Hygrothermal Analysis
Authors: Brauner M , Ghaffarianhoseini A , Naismith N , Tookey J
Published: June 2019

Sustainable buildings, planning and construction process in the 21st century require an interdisciplinary approach by which the use of materials and products has to be a result of a complex decision procedure. Every building in its life span has an immense impact on the environment. This study shows that even small changes in material specification can engender a significant influence on indoor air quality and the whole ecosystem. This paper represents the second part of a research study described and presented by the CESB16 conference. An experimental and numerical study on real houses delivers new data which demonstrate the importance of material determination during the design process. Four different scenarios have been tested in two houses while introducing water vapour into a room to simulate occupancy. Indoor relative humidity, temperature and absolute humidity in the same room (size, position in the house, orientation) have been monitored while introducing various materials with a divergent moisture buffering capacity. This research has been based on real measurements assessed the data and compared with the hygrothermal performance of the original construction. The study further used a hygrothermal simulation to demonstrate the possibility of early materials assessment and allowance for the targeted specification of building materials. The information on how to efficiently use the hygrothermal qualities of materials in a build environment is a contribution to the goal of designing and constructing sustainable buildings.
Environmental Impact of Concrete and Concrete-Based Construction Waste Leachates
Authors: Mocová K A , Sackey L N A , Renkerová P
Published: June 2019

Studies concerning environmental impact of construction materials are very rarely based on experiments performed with real mixed samples and test organisms (ecotoxicological bioassays). In our study, ecotoxicity of two concrete samples from different producers and one concrete-based construction waste in leachate form were assessed. Leachates were treated by various designs, i.e. i) without any treatment, ii) original pH + nutrients addition, iii) pH adjustment to 7.0, and iv) pH adjustment to 7.0 + addition of inorganic nutrients. Ecotoxicological bioassays with freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, freshwater plant Lemna minor and freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna were performed. The metal content was determined both in solid samples and leachates. Results showed differences in toxicity level among the concrete sources when original leachates without any treatment were tested. On the contrary, the test design recommended by Czech legislation, i.e. lowering of the pH and addition of nutrients usually significantly decreased the sample toxicity and the potential differences among concrete samples. We suggest that the toxicity of concrete leachates may result not only from the highly alkaline pH but also from the potential persistence of high pH values both within dilution process and time. The higher toxicity was in accordance with higher level of leachate conductivity. Therefore, for the purposes of aquatic ecotoxicity assessment, we recommend either making no pH adjustment or performing the bioassays both with treated and untreated leachates.
Characterization of Hemp-Lime Bio-Composite
Authors: Pietruszka B , Gołębiewski M , Lisowski P
Published: June 2019

Hemp-lime bio-composite (hempcrete) is a new building material consisting of two main constituents: hemp shiv and lime-based binder. Hemp shiv is a woody core of Cannabis Sativa plant obtained in decortication process and chopped into particles. Lime-based binder is a mix of binders with highest content of hydrated lime (other ingredients often present in a mix are: natural hydraulic lime, pozzolans, cement and others). Its natural origin, ability to crate healthy indoor environment, good thermal properties and especially high ecological values (including low carbon emission in the entire life-cycle) makes it an sustainable alternative to commonly used materials in construction industry. Due to its mechanical properties hempcrete is not a load-bearing material. It is used as a filling material for single-layer walls with a structural frame and as an insulation material for existing walls, floors and roofs. Construction techniques include forming monolithic walls by compacting the mix in a formwork, spraying, bricklaying from precast blocks and prefabrication of entire wall elements. In this paper the results of mechanical and hygrothermal properties of the developed hemp-lime composites will be presented. The results will be used to obtain the hygrothermal characteristics of the building partitions applying numerical simulation methods.
Material Flows In Buildings’ Life Cycle And Regions – Material Inventories To Support Planning Towards Circular Economy
Authors: Schiller G , Lützkendorf T , Gruhler K , Lehmann I , Mörmann K , Knappe F , Muchow N
Published: June 2019

The built environment is the cause of most of the material flows in the anthroposphere and the biggest material storage: Over 90 % of the anthropogenic stock stored in durable goods can be found in the built environment, with non-metallic minerals being the main contributor. In Germany, most of the materials that leave the stock due to demolition or renovation are recovered. In Saxony, a German state, the recovery rate is nearly 99 % but only 55% of mineral construction and demolition waste is recycled. There is still substantial potential for closing recycling loops. This requires the combined effort of all those actors that influence these material flows – from the investor and constructor of the single building to those responsible for waste management at municipal level and the waste disposal and construction materials industry. However, the information currently available is insufficient to support an effective urban mining. This will be encountered by an ongoing research project that aims to enhance existing informational instruments regarding construction related material flows in the built environment. The project follows a dualistic research approach considering informational instruments at (1) individual building level and (2) at regional level. The objective of the paper is to present an approach on how material inventories can be better aligned with practical information needs. After introducing the overall concept and methodology as well as describing the process of analysing the current state of information flows, first results considering the structure of material in- and outputs and the needs for information of different actors are presented.
Circular Housing Retrofit Strategies and Solutions: Towards Modular, Mass-Customised and ‘Cyclable’ Retrofit Products
Authors: van Stijn A , Gruis V H
Published: June 2019

The building sector consumes 40 % of resources globally, produces 40 % of global waste and 33 % of CO2 emissions. Creating a circular built environment is therefore of paramount importance to a sustainable society. The housing stock can be made more circular through circular retrofitting. However, strategies and solutions integrating circularity within housing retrofit are lacking.

This paper focusses on developing a circular housing retrofit strategy and solution for Dutch housing constructed between 1970 and 1990. Through literature study, potential circular retrofit approaches are identified and translated into a general strategy. By developing a concrete retrofit solution, we illustrate how this general strategy can be applied in practice.

It is found that in the Dutch context ‘all-in-one’ sustainable retrofits are difficult to realise. By applying modular (allowing component-by-component retrofit), ‘mass-customisable’, and ‘cyclable’ retrofit products, natural maintenance moments can be employed to gradually create a circular housing stock. As an example of such a product we describe the Circular Kitchen (CIK), which was developed together with industry. The CIK applies a plug-and-play design, separating components based on lifespan. The CIK supply-chain arranges ‘relooping’ of the CIK in a ‘return-street’ and ‘return-factory’. The CIK business model applies financial arrangements such as lease and ‘sale-with-deposit’, motivating the return and ‘re-looping’ of the CIK after use.

In conclusion, the strategy presented in this paper has the potential to support circular housing retrofit in the Dutch context and for housing with similar characteristics. However, development of more circular retrofit products is necessary to create a fully circular housing stock over time.
Module D in the Building Life Cycle: Significance Based on a Case Study Analysis
Authors: Delem L , Wastiels L
Published: June 2019

According to the European standard for the assessment of the environmental performance of buildings (EN 15978), potential benefits and loads beyond the building’s life cycle as a consequence of recycling, reuse or energy recovery of building materials can be declared in module D. However, in practice module D is rarely included in LCA studies as it requires an optional calculation step and information at the product level (from EPD’s according to EN 15804) is often missing. By means of a case study analysis, considering five building cases with varying types of loadbearing structures, the present study evaluates the relative importance of module D on building level and provides a better insight in the main materials contributing to module D. The results show that based on the current Belgian end-of-life scenario’s the contribution of module D can be significant at the building level (representing up to 50 % of the total life cycle impact). This contribution varies more according to the LCIA indicator considered than to the building variant. In terms of the materials, the metals represent the main contributors to module D.
Decrease of Cement Production Environmental Burden – LCA
Authors: Horáková A , Schreiberová H , Broukalová I , Fládr J
Published: June 2019

A big progress has been made in decrease of environmental impacts of cement production. Dust pollution around cement plants has been considerably decreased thanks to efficient dust separators. An intention of further emission reduction has been announced. The environmental burden of cement production is also decreased by substitution of cement by alternative binders. Hydraulic properties of energy by-products have been investigated for a long time to check their potential as a partial substitution of traditional cement binder. The paper will focus in examining the influence of variation of the concrete composition on the environmental impacts, identification of the most severe procedures in the cement production and analysis of meaningfulness of implementation of the proposed measures. The environment is a complex system. Potential modifications of concrete composition or production technology may bring benefits in certain areas and on the contrary cause environmental harm from another perspective. Hence, analysis of the cement production impacts cannot be based on one aspect, and a broad portfolio of impact categories will be assessed regarding concrete production environmental burden.
The Theory-Practice Gap in Value Management – A Case Study in Sri Lankan Construction Industry
Authors: Mahinkanda M M M P , Sandanayake Y G
Published: June 2019

Construction industry is a leading contributor to the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the country. However, it heavily consumes resources. Hence, it is vital to utilise resources efficiently and effectively. In this context, ensuring sustainability and value for money are crucial constructs in successful construction project delivery. Value management (VM) is widely accepted as a proactive concept for managing value. Although, VM concept is extensively accepted internationally, its applications do not seem to be well embraced in the construction sector of the majority of developing countries including Sri Lanka. The concept has not been practiced effectively by the industry practitioners due to lack of understanding of VM concept. Hence, this study aims to investigate the theory-practice gap in VM in Sri Lankan construction industry. A literature review followed by seven case studies were carried out and gathered data were analysed using code-based content analysis. Findings revealed that there is a theory-practice gap in VM resulting in ad-hoc informal implementation of VM job plan. Although theory states that VM can apply at any stage of a project, the case study projects have applied VM concept mainly during post contract stage as a cost cutting strategy. The study recommended strategies to bridge the VM theory-practice gap in order to deliver best value for client’s money and ultimately achieve sustainability in Sri Lankan construction industry.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Cooling and Heating System Based on Peltier Module
Authors: Żelazna A , Gołçbiowska J
Published: June 2019

Sustainability in the construction branch refers strongly to the service life of buildings. According to many literature studies, typical energy standard buildings are characterized by significant share of the operational phase on their life cycle, considering various environmental indicators. Thus, the kind of the energy source is very often the key factor influencing the results of building’s Life Cycle Assessment. The innovative solution of cooling and heating system based on Peltier device is developed at Lublin University of Technology. The results obtained during laboratory tests (COP 0,767) as well as the results of Life Cycle Assessment procedure (GWP at the range of 0,22–0,9 gCO2eq/Wh) show that the developed system, after specific modifications, may be treated as environmentally friendly source of cooling and heating energy.
Simple Free Use Simulation Software for Buildings with Photovoltaic System and Battery
Authors: Wolf P , Kichou S
Published: June 2019

The paper describes proposed techniques used for simple simulation of a hybrid energy system in a building. An interactive software tool is presented that can be downloaded and used for any purpose free of charge. Based on selected household electrical equipment, solar irradiance, PV system design and ESS parameters an annual simulation is made based on hourly time resolution. The outputs presented in charts as well as tables show the distribution of energy sources (grid, PV), the effect of ESS operation, self-sufficiency of PV system and its utilization of PV throughout the year. The simulation is real-time based so the system design can be easily manually optimized to achieve specific goals (e.g. specified self-sufficiency at minimal costs). As the simulation if based on Excel sheets, it can be easily accustomed by users with specific requirements.
I-ZEB: Design and Development of a ZEB Test-Laboratory for an Integrated Evaluation of Building Technologies
Authors: Danza L , Belussi L , Barozzi B , Bellazzi A , Devitofrancesco A , Depalma M , Guazzi G , Meroni I , Maffè C , Ghellere M , Salamone F , Scamoni F , Scrosati Ch
Published: June 2019

Energy efficiency of buildings is a critical issue for international and national policy. The European Directives provide strict requirements for buildings, imposing the near Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standard for new or refurbished public and private buildings starting from 2018 and 2020, respectively. Furthermore, Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is a recognized as a standard in order to improve the energy efficiency of the building sector. The collaboration of the professional and industrial sectors along with the scientific research allows to face these challenges. Within a research project, called I-ZEB, a ZEB test-laboratory where the stakeholders can test their solutions is designed and developed. The facility is designed in compliance with ZEB standard and is suitable for performing researches on new building technologies and their interaction with the built environment. The paper describes the design, the testing and the validation phases of the facility. High performing envelope, efficient HVAC, renewable energy source systems and advance control logics are the technical pillars of I-ZEB. Several characterization tests, including thermal, acoustic and environmental performance, have been carried out in order to detect the most suitable technical solutions. Moreover, the results will be tested and validated through a continuous monitoring of energy and environmental variables within the laboratory.
Effect of Traditional Persian Materials and Parametric Design on the Thermal Performance of a Generic Building in Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Sakiyama N R M , Hejazi S B M , de Oliveira C C , Frick J , Garrecht H
Published: June 2019

Concerns related to buildings’ green-house emissions in recent years lead to the increase of architectural adaptation to local environment. While passive conditioning strategies emphasising natural ventilation are common alternatives to achieve indoor comfort in hot and humid climate, they are not widely used in temperate climates. In this context, this paper presents a computer simulation study carried out through Archsim plug-in of Grasshoper/Rhinoceros. The object of study consists of a single family housing unit (flat) with an area of 31.25 m2 and a height of 2.80 m, with one user, under naturally ventilated conditions. As a reference case, the model used the climate of the city of Yazd in Iran and the simulations assessed parameters such as window-to-floor area ratios of 10% and 20%, as well as the thermal transmittance of exterior walls, considering an envelope with insulation materials, as a common European configuration, and an envelope with Persian materials, such as adobe. Two different Mediterranean climates, Palermo and Valencia, were investigated and the influence of these parameters at the building thermal performance was evaluated using cooling and heating degree-hours indicator, using as thermal comfort limits the Operative Temperature criteria established by ISO 7730. Using Persian materials at the model envelope increased its thermal inertia, thus reducing the temperature variation in the internal environment and improving its interior comfort, especially during the warmest seasons.