bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To study the role of various preventive measures in reducing the device associated infections in ICU
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Arora Harjeet Singh , Singh Ravi Paul , Singh Kanwardeep
Published: September 2020

The ICU in a hospital has a vital role to play in delivering prompt, appropriate and adequate care to critically ill patients. Patients in ICU are at greatest risk of acquiring device associated hospital acquired infection (DA-HAI). Infection control practices are the need of hour to control these infections.

Aim and objective of present study was to assess the role of preventive interventions in reducing the hospital acquired infection in ICU.

The present study was conducted over a period of one year from November 2017 to August 2018 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar. The study was conducted into pre and post interventional period to assess the role of preventive interventions in reducing the device associated acquired infections and results were statistically analysed.

During pre interventional study period 16/262 (6.1%) patients developed device associated infection and rate per 1000 device days was 6.25/1000. After interventions 3/132(2.27%) patients developed device associated infection and rate was significantly reduced to 2.92/1000.

The implementation of various infection control measures to control DA-HAIs is found to be effective during study. Systematically collected data and findings of our study can be utilized in the ICU setting as a basic step toward a better infection control strategy for improving patient care practices.
Comparison between bupivacaine and ropivacaine in thoracic epidural anaesthesia for modified radical mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chavan Shirishkumar , Aswini L , Ganesan Ilango , Radhika K , Uma R
Published: September 2020

Modified radical mastectomies (MRM) is conventionally done under general anaesthesia. Various regional anesthetic techniques have also been used to provide effective analgesia in the perioperative period. This study was to compare the analgesia and hemodynamic effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine when used in thoracic epidural for modified radical mastectomy.

   67 patients scheduled for MRM were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into two groups – Group R and Group B. Through an epidural catheter inserted at T5-T6, the patients in Group R received 12ml of 0.5% ropivacaine whereas those in group B received 12 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. After one hour, 4 ml of the test drug was repeated every 30 minutes till the end of surgery. Intraoperative hemodynamic, side effects and postoperative VAS scores were recorded. 60 patients completed the study and their results were analyzed.

Statistically significant differences were observed in heart rate and mean arterial pressure between the two groups at various time intervals. The mean time of onset of the analgesia was shorter in Ropivacaine group 12.90±2.04mins, 19.27±5.51 in the Bupivacaine group. Post operative VAS scores were similar in both the groups. Patients in both groups were equally satisfied.

High thoracic epidural is a safe and reliable alternative to general anaesthesia in modified radical mastectomies. Ropivacaine 0.5% is preferred due to its faster onset, better hemodynamic stability and good analgesia.
Postoperative tracheal extubation- The sequelae
Authors: Gupta Apoorva , Dhananjaya Manasa , Kotekar Nalini , P S Nagaraja
Published: September 2020

The frequency of problems related to tracheal extubation probably exceeds those related to tracheal intubation. Our study was undertaken to determine the post extubation sequelae and haemodynamic responses during tracheal extubation.

The study group consisted of randomly selected 250 adult patients in the age group of 18-65 years, belonging to ASA Grade I, II, III, posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. We observed the following; Haemodynamic changes [Heart rate (HR), Mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes] and immediate problems associated with post operative tracheal extubation such as bucking, breath holding, cough, airway obstruction, stridor, sorethroat, vomiting, aspiration, pulmonary oedema, residual paralysis occurring during the first 30 minutes of extubation.

The changes in HR and MAP were significant soon after extubation (p<0.00) with HR reaching baseline value at 10 min (p=0.074) whereas MAP continued to be significant(p=0.032) even at 30 min. Incidence of immediate problems associated with postoperative tracheal extubation was 38.4% and these were: Bucking – 26.8%, Breath holding – 4.8%, Persistent cough – 4%, Airway obstruction – 2.4%, Stridor – 0.4%, Sorethroat – 4%, Vomiting – 2.4%. There was no incidence of pulmonary aspiration, pulmonary oedema, residual paralysis.

It is concluded that tracheal extubation causes haemodynamic instability and can be associated with detrimental responses.
A comparative study between intravenous Ondansetron and Granisetron in attenuation of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing caesarean section
Authors: Anisha  , Narayan Shiv
Published: September 2020

Hypotension is most common intraoperative complication after spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex is one of the causes for occurrence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia through serotonin with decreased blood volume. Our aim of this study was to compare the two serotonin receptor antagonists Ondansetron and Granisetron to prevent spinal induced hypotension and bradycardia after spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing cesarean sections.

90 patients of ASA class-I and II, aged 20-40years, weight 40-80kilograms were included in this study. Patient with history of PIH, convulsion, any major comorbidity were excluded from study. Patients were assigned into 3 groups group A received 4 mg Ondansetron intravenously, group B received 1 mg Granisetron intravenously and group C received 10 ml of intravenous normal saline 5 min before spinal anaesthesia. The difference in mean was analyzed using post hoc Bonferroni test and ANOVA test. The difference in proportions was analyzed by using chi-square test.

SBP, DBP and MBP were statistically lower in both Granisetron and Saline group as compared to Ondansetron group at most of the times after drug administration. Heart rate and shivering were comparable in the three groups. Nausea and vomiting was statistically more in saline group as compared to other groups. Use of ephedrine was also significantly more in saline group (37%).

4mg intravenous Ondansetron prior to spinal anaesthesia in LSCS patients reduces the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia and need of vasopressor. Granisetron had no effect on haemodynamic parameters.
Role of dexmedetomidine infusion on post operative emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery: A prospective randomized double blind controlled trial
Authors: Trivedi Lopa H , Marviya Jalja R , Parmar Sameer H
Published: September 2020

Study aims to reduce the emergence agitation post operatively and improve the quality of recovery after nasal surgery which in-turn reduce the hospital stay and in-hospital mortality.

Prospective, randomized, double blind study

After institutional review board approval and informed written consent from patients, seventy patients undergoing nasal surgery were selected & randomized into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (Group D, n=35) received dexmedetomidine infusion @ rate of 0.4 μg/kg/hr from induction of anaesthesia until extubation, while the control group (Group C, n=35) received volume-matched normal saline infusion as placebo. Induction of anaesthesia was done using Propofol (2 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1 μg/kg). Maintainance of anaesthesia was done using inhalational sevoflurane & inj.vecuronium. The incidence of agitation, haemodynamic parameters, and recovery characteristics were evaluated during emergence. Patients were assessed for quality of recovery using a 15-item quality-of-recovery questionnaire (QoR-15) 24 hr after surgery.

Data were analysed by using unpaired t -test, Chi-square test.

The incidence of agitation was lower in group D than group C(22.8% vs 51%). HR and MAP were comparable in group D & group C. Extubation time & grade of cough during emergence were similar between the groups. QoR-15 score was significantly more in group D compare to group C at 24 hour after surgery.

Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine decreased incidence of agitation & improved quality of recovery after nasal surgery.
Acute cardiac tamponade: A unusual cause of acute kidney injury
Authors: Prabakaran P , Mageshwaran T , Singh Ummed
Published: September 2020

Cardiac Tamponade is usually consequence of increased pericardial pressure with accumulation of pericardial effusion. We are reporting a case of acute kidney injury after mitral valve replacement due to acute pericardial effusion with clot. A 38-year-old female presented to CTVS department of our institute with history of palpitations and shortness of breath. On further examination and investigations she was diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis. Mitral valve replacement was done for her. In post operative period she developed cardio renal syndrome due to cardiac tamponade which presented as acute kidney injury. Re-exploration was done and clot was removed. She was shifted to ward after post operative monitoring and extubation.
Anaesthesia challenges in Wilson’s disease with multisystem involvement
Authors: Parekh Viral Girish , Bhokare Pratika Pradeep
Published: September 2020

Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder with a prevalence rate of 1:10000-1:30000. It is a multi- system disorder with a defect in the copper transporter protein; thereby resulting in extortionate copper deposition in organs of the body; mainly liver, brain and cornea. Osteo-muscular involvement may also be seen, presenting as dystonia and muscle rigidity. The case discussed below is that of a 13 year old patient, ASA III E, diagnosed with Wilson’s disease 7 years back and now is posted for emergency tracheostomy under anaesthesia in view of chest rigidity, difficulty in breathing and repeated episodes of bronchospasm. The patient presented in late stage of the disorder with associated derangements of multiple systems of the body. This case report provides details of successful administration of Anaesthesia to a patient with Wilson's in late phase. The management protocol can be used as a guide in other surgeries of patients with this disorder, as precise titration of anaesthesia is needed.
The premolar miscellany- A case series of various aberrant root canal systems
Authors: Thimwala Aadil , Shah Shashin , Pandya Mihir , Patel Soham
Published: September 2020

Premolars have been blessed for having an aberrant root canal anatomy. The occurrence of more than 2 canals with different portal of exit is very rare. If one is facing the scenario of treating the maxillary and mandibular premolars clinically than he must be aware of the internal anatomy of these teeth. These teeth may require special shaping and obturating techniques. This case series is the reflection of the endodontic challenges clinicians face to manage such cases. Careful examination of pre-operative radiograph and careful negotiation is necessary to deal with such variable anatomies.
Święty Jacek w religijności ludowej i w kulturze polskiej
Authors: Świtała-Trybek Dorota
Published: September 2020

Święty Jacek Odrowąż, dominikanin urodzony w Kamieniu Śląskim nieopodal Opola, kanonizowany w 1594 r. przez papieża Klemensa VIII, należy do najwybitniejszych postaci XIII wieku. Jest uważany za twórcę polskiej prowincji dominikanów za inicjatora powstania wielu klasztorów w Polsce, Prusach, Czechach (Znojnie, Igławie, Ołomuńcu, Pradze) i Austrii (we Friesach na pograniczu Styrii i Karyntii). Nazywany Apostołem Północnej Europy, Apostołem Słowian, Światłem Północy, Lux ex Silesiae (Światłem ze Śląska), prowadził misje ewangelizacyjne wśród ludów zamieszkujących dzisiejsze państwa bałtyckie oraz stepy nadczarnomorskie, także w Rusi Kijowskiej.

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest próba omówienia i analizy kultu św. Jacka w polskiej tradycji i kulturze religijnej. Autorka przedstawia biografię świętego, legendy i podania z nim związane, także przysłowia, zwyczaje agrarne i kulinaria. Materiały, które stały się podstawą omówienia, pochodzą z badań terenowych, które autorka prowadziła w latach 2015–2020, jak i z dostępnej literatury przedmiotu.
Papieża Franciszka prakseologiczna wiarygodność Kościoła. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Mastej Jacenty
Published: September 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zarysowanie problematyki prakseologicznej wiarygodności Kościoła w ujęciu papieża Franciszka. Po wykazaniu chrystyczności Kościoła, zostały omówione cztery prakseologiczne znaki wiarygodności Kościoła. Najpierw przedstawiono świętość, którą Franciszek określa jako najpiękniejsze oblicze Kościoła. W kolejnym punkcie ukazano radość chrześcijańską, jako znak wiarygodności Kościoła. Następnie zaprezentowano Franciszkowe pragnienie Kościoła ubogich i dla ubogich. Na koniec zostało odsłonięte ekologiczne oblicze Eklezji. Powyższe rozważania doprowadziły do stwierdzenia, że zaproponowana przez papieża Franciszka prakseologiczna wiarygodność w sposób wyraźny i przekonujący odsłania przed współczesnym człowiekiem Kościół Chrystusowy. Franciszkowe novum uwidacznia się m.in. w jego stylu nauczania. Sposób przekazywania przez niego ważnych prawd wiary i życia moralnego jest prosty, bezpośredni, bogaty w metafory oraz żywe i plastyczne obrazy zaczerpnięte z codziennego życia. Papież nie tyle zatrzymuje się na teoretycznym ich pogłębianiu, ile ukazuje praktyczne ich zastosowanie, udziela prostych i użytecznych wskazówek, które pomagają w życiowym zaangażowaniu w życie wiary. Tym samym eklezjologiczność Franciszkowego przesłania cechuje eklezjalna praksis. Takie prakseologiczne ukierunkowanie eklezjologii otwiera nowe perspektywy badawcze przed teologią fundamentalną, która ukazując wiarygodność Kościoła powinna więcej skupiać się na jego chrystyczności oraz inspirować się życiem wierzących. Papieża Franciszka prakseologiczne ukazywanie wiarygodności Kościoła uwidacznia się także w tym, że mówi on o Kościele z zachwytem, pietyzmem i miłością – jednocześnie nauczając w prawdzie, nie unika tematów trudnych i bolesnych – gdyż Kościół kocha i ma świadomość wielkiej odpowiedzialności za całą wspólnotę eklezjalną.
Środa Popielcowa w liturgii Kościoła i obrzędowości ludowej. Tradycja a współczesność
Authors: Kupisiński Zdzisław
Published: September 2020

Tematem artykułu jest prezentacja Środy Popielcowej w liturgii Kościoła oraz analiza sposobu przeżywania tego dnia w tradycji i pobożności ludowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zwyczajów i obrzędów. Autor, odwołując się do dokumentów Kościoła, zwraca uwagę na wartości płynące z połączenia dwóch form kultu, jakimi są liturgia i pobożność ludowa. W opracowaniu zagadnienia autor korzystał z literatury przedmiotu, a także prowadzonych przez siebie w subregionach opoczyńskim i radomskim stacjonarnych etnograficznych badań terenowych nad obrzędowością doroczną (lata 1990–1994) oraz funeralną (lata 1997–2006), w ostatnich latach posługiwał się również metodą obserwacji uczestniczącej.

 Artykuł podzielony został na dwie części – w pierwszej autor przywołuje genezę liturgii Środy Popielcowej i historię towarzyszących jej obrzędów religijnych, charakteryzuje symbolikę popiołu (i jego obecność w praktykach pokutnych różnych tradycji), koncentrując się przede wszystkim na zwyczajach panujących niegdyś na polskiej wsi – uczestnictwo w liturgii, charakterystyczne postne posiłki, pokutny ubiór. Część druga opracowania ukazuje Środę Popielcową jako datę graniczną pomiędzy okresem karnawału i Wielkiego Postu, niegdyś był to bowiem dzień praktykowania ludowych obrzędów o rozrywkowym charakterze (np. „kłoda popielcowa” czy „babski comber”). Wiele z nich nawiązywało do dawnych przedchrześcijańskich obrzędów wiosennych, a ich kultywowanie miało na celu utylitarne korzyści. Autor ukazuje przemiany, jakie zaszły i wciąż zachodzą w polskim społeczeństwie w percepcji pierwszego dnia Wielkiego Postu. Podkreśla wymarcie wielu popularnych kiedyś obrzędów, wskazując również na aktualność i żywotność zwyczaju posypywania głów popiołem, który wciąż najpełniej oddaje przekaz Środy Popielcowej.
KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN GİRİŞİM SÜREÇLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Yılmaz Ece , Karaçelebi Fatma Gül
Published: September 2020

Dünyada kadın girişimciliği ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyine önemli
katkılar sunmaktadır. Ancak, gelişmiş ekonomilerden farklı olarak gelişmekte
olan ekonomilerde kadın girişimciliği daha zorlu ve mücadeleci biçimde
yaşanmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, kadın erkek eşitsizliğinin yüksek olduğu
toplumlarda kadınların iş yaşamına ve girişim süreçlerine katılımının nispeten
daha az olduğu görülmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, gelişmişlik düzeyinden
bağımsız olarak ve eşitsizliğin yaratmış olduğu dezavantajlı durumlara rağmen
girişimci kadınların girişim süreçlerinde nasıl başarılı olduğu merak
uyandırmaktadır. Buradan hareketle mevcut çalışmada, girişimci kadınların bu
süreçteki deneyimlerinin neler olduğu, başarıya nasıl ulaştıkları ve bu sürecin
kişisel ve sosyal sonuçlarının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.

Araştırma, 30 işveren girişimci kadınla yapılan yarı-yapılandırılmış
mülakat tekniğiyle yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kadınların kişisel
nitelikleri yanında çevresel desteğin girişimcilik sürecinde önemli olduğunu
ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca sosyal çevre tarafından eşitsizliğe yönelik
tutumların azaldığı ve kadınların kendilerine yönelik algılarının farklılaştığı
anlaşılmıştır.
Elektrikli Otomobil Seçiminde Entropi ve TOPSIS Yöntemlerinin Uygulanması
Authors: Gavcar Erdoğan , Kara Nusret
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de satışa sunulan 11 farklı model elektrikli otomobilin belirli kriterler baz alınarak karşılaştırılması ve elde ettikleri skora göre sıralanmasıdır. Çalışmada 11 farklı model elektrikli otomobil; batarya kapasiteleri, beygir güçleri, aerodinamik katsayıları, menzilleri ve satış fiyatları baz alınarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Modellerin belirlenen kriterlere ait gözlem değerleri, firmaların kendi verilerinden elde edilmiştir. Kriterlerin önem düzeyleri Entropi yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve elde edilen değerler TOPSIS yöntemi ile analiz edilerek otomobillerin karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, elektrikli otomobillerin beygir gücü ve satış fiyatı kriterleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda Tesla markasının Model X LR ve Model 3 model otomobilleri en yüksek performans skorunu elde etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, otomotiv pazarında kısıtlı bir paya sahip olan elektrikli otomobillerin karşılaştırılması; literatürde diğer çalışmalarda kullanılan beygir gücü ve fiyat kriterlerinin yanı sıra menzil, aerodinamik katsayı ve batarya kapasitesi gibi yeni kriterler eklenerek yapılmıştır.
Critique of Ethan Kohlberg's Views on the Martyrdom of Early Muslims
Authors: Razzaghizadeh Sakineh , Reza Aram Mohammad
Published: September 2020

The special place of martyrdom in Islam has caused researchers to pay attention to this issue; The issue of martyrdom in Islam has also attracted the attention of Orientalists. Ethan Kohlberg is one of the Islamologists who has dealt with the subject of martyrdom in his research. Medieval Muslim Views on Martyrdom (Medieval Muslim views on martyrdom) He concludes that the concept of martyrdom in Islam is to give up life and seek an opportunity to reach death. In another part of the article, Kohlberg discusses the relationship between suicide and martyrdom, and challenges the issue of boycotting suicide in Islam and its ugliness. He believes that attacking the enemy is a form of suicide. Arguing against historical narrations, he considers suicide permissible in Islam. In this study, after briefly introducing the concepts of martyrdom and suicide in Islamic verses and hadiths, in the content critique section, to express and explain the citations of this Orientalist about his views on martyrdom, the ruling on suicide in Islam, and that martyrdom seeks suicide. We will pay and the inaccuracy of his views will be revealed.
Agriculture and sustainable landscapes: agricultural diversification in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Campos Teixeira Marina Lorena , Carvalho Ribeiro Sónia Maria
Published: September 2020

A produção de alimentos é importante para garantir a segurança alimentar, e os diferentes modos de produção podem gerar diferentes impactos ambientais. A diversificação agrícola é considerada uma das formas de promover a sustentabilidade, tanto em termos ecológicos quanto socioeconômicos. Para compreender a dinâmica da agricultura em Minas Gerais este trabalho utiliza um indicador para caracterizar os sistemas de produção agrícola e avaliar a diversidade produtiva dos 853 municípios do estado. A maior parte dos municípios (62%) apresentou uma diversidade alta ou muito alta, sendo esta diversidade associada principalmente ao contexto da agricultura familiar. No entanto, a contribuição destes sistemas agrícolas diversificados para a economia dos municípios é relativamente baixa, mostrando que a sustentabilidade econômica de sistemas diversificados ainda é um desafio. É importante que, além do interesse do produtor, exista uma política pública de desenvolvimento rural capaz de viabilizar sistemas de produção agrícola alinhados com padrões de sustentabilidade ambiental.
Effect of 8-Week Endurance Training on the Content of Mtor and SREBP1 Proteins in Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Jokar Masoud , Zarei Fatemeh , Sherafati Moghadam Mohammad , Alizadeh Palavani Hamed
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The mTOR and SREBP1 proteins play an important role important in the regulation and metabolism of adipose tissue that can be activated through the mTORC1 pathway. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on the content of mTOR and SREBP1 proteins in subcutaneous fat tissue in obese type 2 diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 16 three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 300±20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, diabetic training (n=8) and diabetic control (n=8). The training group trained for 4 days a week in accordance with the training program for 8 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. The independent t-test in SPSS software ver. 19 was used to analyze the data.
Results: There was a significant increase in the content of mTOR (p<0.0001) and SREBP1 (p<0.0001) proteins in the training group compared to control; The control group weight increased (p<0.003) and training group (p<0.002) significantly decreased at the end of the eighth week compared to the first week. The blood glucose increased in the control group (p<0.001) and decreased in the exercise group (p<0.0001) in the eighth week compared to the first week.
Conclusion: Endurance training can adjust the weight, blood glucose and proteins content of mTOR and SREBP1; Therefore, endurance training can be an important factor in controlling and regulating fat tissue metabolism; this type of training can be effective for obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Lipid-based Nanoparticle Containing Ginger Extract against Aspergillus Species
Authors: Yakhchi Vahid , Jahanizadeh Shabnam , Yazdian Fatemeh , Rashedi Hamid , Haghiralsadat Bibi Fatemeh
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Loading the active ingredients of medicinal plants in lipid nanoparticles reduces the reaction of the active substance with the surrounding environment, such as water and oxygen, and reduces the intensity of transmission or evaporation to the external environment. In this study, intended to enhance efficacy of ginger extract, encapsulation in nanoliponiosome synthesized by thin-film hydration method were done and their antifungal effect on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were studied.
Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, derivation was done using Soxhlet extractor method. Antifungal activity of ginger extract was specific by disc diffusion and microplate dilution methods. The inhibitory effect of extract was investigated. Physiochemical characteristics and structural characterization of nanoparticle were evaluated from the perspective of in vitro efficiency, drug release, nanoparticle size, zeta potential, surface morphology and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), DLS (Dynamic light scattering) and finally SEM (Scanning electron microscope) spectra.
Results: FTIR investigations showed ginger extract and nanoliponiosome had no chemical interaction leading to change the functional groups. SEM microscope showed the spherical mprphology of particles and average particles size of 73nm. Ginger extract was loaded into the nanoliponiosome with a yield of 71%. It was also found out that ginger extract had a stronger antifungal effect against Aspergillus flavus fungus compared to the Aspergillus parasiticus fungus. At both 37°C and 42°C, the release of ginger extract was higher at pH of 4.5 compared to neutral pH (7.4).
Conclusion: Nanoliponiosomes containing ginger extract with good physicochemical properties, increased drug stability and good release control can be promising antifungal agents with high antifungal effects and low side effects.
The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Perovskia Abrotanoides on Neuronal Density of Rats under Chronic Immobility Stress
Authors: Tehranipour Maryam , Pakjame Rahele , Balanezhad Saiede Zafar
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The number of neurons in the hippocampus can have a direct effect on its function. The plant Brazembel from the mint family may have antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress and Brazmble extract on neuronal density of CA1, CA2 in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5), including control, and negative control under stress, also experimental group,including stress and get Brazmbl doses of the extract mL 50, mL 75 and mL 100. Limiting stress for 21 days, the rats were exposed in 2 hours. Groups receiving the extract for 21 days, to get inside limiting extracts were gavaged. After removal of the brain by perfusion, the hippocampus was excised and stained, and the neuronal density was calculated by dissector and metasteriology. The results were analyzed by Minitab 16 software with t-test and ANOVA at a significant level (P <0.05).
Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean neuronal density in the stress group compared to the control in CA1 and CA2 had a significant decrease (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density of CA1 region between the stress group (29 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (25 ± 3) showed a significant increase. In addition, the mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract (27±3) and in the group treated with hydroalcoholic extract was 100 mg / kg (25 ± 3). Mean neuronal density of CA2 region between the stress (21 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (28 ± 3) groups showed a significant increase (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract was 27 ± 3 and in the hydroalcoholic extract treatment group was 100 mg / kg (22 ± 3), which increased significantly compared to the stress group (p <0.01).
Conclusion: The results of the current study show that the hydroalcoholic extract of plant Bromzebel probably increases the neuronal density of the brain hippocampus due to its polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, which is due to its high antioxidant properties.
Kalman Filter of Dynamic Hierarchical Model
Authors: Saleh A. Al Thibah Hanadi , Ali M. Salem Sultan
Published: September 2020

In a specific way, the dynamic hierarchical model has been presented alongside with the derivation of the final formula of the Kalman filter. The filtering coefficient used along with the equations necessary for the filtering process has also been determined. Most of the related works were studied which gave rise to the problem statement of filtering problems placed under the case of st = . Most of the basic concepts of the dynamic hierarchical linear model were also displayed based on some previous works. A mathematical formula was also formulated and derived to calculate the dynamic hierarchical Kalman filter model, which results in a repetitive measure to estimate the model parameters. The proposed derived formula reduces the error associated with the model and achieves a successful optimal estimation of the parameters. This proves that the Kalman coefficient is the best filtering for any normal probability distribution and provides the least variance among the estimates. This study also provides an illustrative example of the model with the filtering process concerned. It was further illustrated that the findings can be used in practical applications, which reveals the fields that can be investigated in this area.
Suivi De La CinÃ©tique Du DÃ©veloppement Racinaire Des Plantes DestinÃ©es A La Stabilisation Des Talus Marneux De Lâ€™axe Autoroutier FÃ¨s-Taza (Nord Du Maroc)
Authors: Mouisat Aicha , Douaik Ahmed , Al Faiz Chaouki , Harrouni ChÃ©rif , Derradji Abdelkrim , Benaoda TlemÃ§ani Nour-Eddine
Published: September 2020

Le passage de lâ€™autoroute FÃ¨s-Taza (Maroc) Ã  travers des substrats marneux a engendrÃ© des talus particuliÃ¨rement sensibles Ã  lâ€™Ã©rosion hydrique. En effet, sitÃ´t confectionnÃ©s, ces talus subissent diffÃ©rentes formes dâ€™Ã©rosion avec des sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ©s variant avec lâ€™intensitÃ© des pluies. Vu que la stabilisation mÃ©canique sâ€™est rÃ©vÃ©lÃ©e difficile et trop coÃ»teuse, les auteurs ont envisagÃ© de faire appel au gÃ©nie biologique mettant en Å“uvre les plantes qui contribuent au maintien du sol grÃ¢ce Ã  leur systÃ¨me racinaire. Ce travail concerne lâ€™Ã©valuation de lâ€™effet, sur la stabilitÃ© du sol, de plusieurs espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales plantÃ©es sur des talus marneux de lâ€™axe autoroutier FÃ¨s-Taza. Des espÃ¨ces prometteuses ont fait lâ€™objet dâ€™un suivi sous conditions contrÃ´lÃ©es pour mieux comprendre la cinÃ©tique du dÃ©veloppement de leurs racines. Il sâ€™agit de: Acacia cyanophylla, Arundo donax, Medicago arborea, Prosopis pubescens, Retama monosperma et Spartium junceum. Ce suivi a Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ© sur un substrat prÃ©levÃ© Ã  partir des talus marneux de lâ€™autoroute FÃ¨s-Taza et mis dans des mini-rhizotrons pour suivre la croissance et lâ€™architecture du systÃ¨me racinaire. Acacia cyanophylla et Arundo donax, sont les espÃ¨ces qui ont montrÃ© les densitÃ©s racinaires les plus Ã©levÃ©es. Medicago arborea est lâ€™espÃ¨ce qui a enregistrÃ© la vitesse moyenne dâ€™allongement racinaire maximale parmi les espÃ¨ces testÃ©es (9,3 cm/mois). Ces six espÃ¨ces ont montrÃ© des caractÃ©ristiques complÃ©mentaires nÃ©cessaires au maintien des talus. On les recommande comme composition floristique dans des conditions similaires.
Comparative Analysis Of The Mapping Of The Vulnerability To Pollution Of Fissured Aquifers In Agboville Department By Drastic And SI Methods (South-East Of CÃ´te d'Ivoire)
Authors: Etienne Ake Gabriel , HÃ©lÃ¨ne Kouadio Boyossoro , Cyrille Kouadio Kouhassy , Dongo Kouassi , Biemi Jean
Published: September 2020

The study aims to establish vulnerability maps of groundwater pollution in Agboville department due to anthropogenic pressures, with a view to their sustainable management. The methods used are DRASTIC and SI. They use four common vulnerability parameters (groundwater depth, recharge, aquifer materials and topography) that are intrinsic to the aquifer. To these parameters, the DRASTIC method associates three others (soil type, unsaturated zone and hydraulic conductivity), while the SI method associates a fifth extrinsic parameter (land use). Their thematic mapping, followed by their combination in a GIS, made it possible to draw up the various pollution vulnerability maps using both methods. Each map highlights five classes of vulnerability. The dominant vulnerability classes in terms of surface area occupied are: low (32%) and high (36%) for the DRASTIC method, and medium (42%) and high (26%) for the SI method. The superimposition of the map of spatial distribution of nitrate levels in groundwater with the established vulnerability maps shows that the areas with low levels coincide with the low vulnerability classes, thus allowing their validation. The results of the Kappa test and the surface analysis to examine the vulnerability maps reveal that the Kappa coefficient (K = 0.29) is reliable and gave a fair agreement between the two methods. This agreement is confirmed by the surface analysis (45,25 %). The SI method appears to be the most appropriate for assessing the vulnerability to groundwater pollution in this area.
Correlates of Safe Disposal of Childrenâ€™s Stool in Nigeria: Evidence from 2018 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: T. Adedokun Sulaimon , O. Oyedokun Amos , O. Banjo Olufunmilayo
Published: September 2020

Unsafe Stool disposal has been linked to high under-five morbidity and mortality in many low and middle-income countries. This paper focuses on examining the prevalence of safe disposal of stools in Nigeria and the factors affecting such behaviour. The most-recent Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 (NDHS) Childâ€™s dataset was used for the analysis in this study. Sample size of 7,834 children under age five was analysed. Percentages and frequencies, chi-square test of association, and binary logistic regression were employed for the statistical analysis. Findings show that a little above half of the women respondents reported safe disposal of stool of their under-five children in the study area (53%). Specifically, the odds of having stool safely disposed increased by 133 percent for children whose household wealth index falls within the richer category (adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR): 2.33; p<0.001), reduced by 17 percent for children whose mothers are working (aOR: 0.83; p<0.05), increased for children whose mothers are residing only in North-East and North-West (p<0.001), increased by 19 percent for children whose mothers were exposed to media exposure to mass media (aOR: 1.19; p<0.05), reduced by 24 percent for women whose children are of first birth order (aOR: 0.76; p<0.05), reduced by 31 percent for women whose children are of small size at birth (aOR: 0.69; p<0.001), increased by 66 percent for women who reported that distance to facility was not a problem (aOR: 1.66; p<0.001), reduced by 19 percent for women who delivered their children at an health centre (aOR: 0.81; p<0.05), and increased by 114 percent for women who used improved toilet facility (aOR: 2.14; p<0.001). This study concludes that a combination of socioeconomic, maternal, childâ€™s and environmental factors are the correlates of safe disposal of stool among women with under-five children in Nigeria. It should therefore be prioritised for interventions aimed at reducing high under-five morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.
Gestion Des Dmards Conventionnels Dans La Polyarthrite RhumatoÃ¯de Au BÃ©nin : Quid De La BiothÃ©rapie
Authors: Zavier ZomalhÃ¨to , Calixte Assogba , Hilaire Dossou-yovo
Published: September 2020

Objectif : Evaluer la gestion et lâ€™efficacitÃ© des DMARDs conventionnels chez les patients souffrant de PR au BÃ©nin. Patients et MÃ©thode : Etude transversale et analytique portant sur les patients suivis pour une PR et traitÃ©e par DMARDs. Le diagnostic de PR a Ã©tÃ© retenu sur la base des critÃ¨res EULAR/ACR 2010. Les donnÃ©es recueillies ont Ã©tÃ© analysÃ©es grÃ¢ce au logiciel SPSS17.0 RÃ©sultats : 156 patients souffrant de PR ont Ã©tÃ© Ã©valuÃ©s. L'Ã¢ge moyen des patients Ã©tait de 44,6 Â± 14,1 [15-69] ans et le sex- ratio Ã©tait de 0,14. Le facteur rhumatoÃ¯de Ã©tait prÃ©sent chez 88%, les anticorps anti-CCP Ã©taient prÃ©sents chez 69.20%. Lâ€™Ã¢ge moyen de dÃ©but de la maladie Ã©tait 32,7 Â± 7.03 [18-50]. La durÃ©e moyenne dâ€™Ã©volution Ã©tait de 10,3 Â± 7,1 [0,5-25] ans. Le DAS28 moyen au dÃ©but Ã©tait 5,71Â± 2.04. Au plan radiologique, le score moyen de Larsen Ã©tait de 38,55 Â± 16,94. La dose moyenne de Prednisone Ã©tait de 15 mg/jour. Les DMARDs utilisÃ©s Ã©taient : MÃ©thotrexate 15 Ã  20mg/semaine (150 cas), le lÃ©flunomide (6 cas), la salazopyrine 2g/j (27cas), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg / jour (24 cas). A 24 mois, le DAS28 moyen Ã©tait de 3, 91Â±2,01 et 23,7% des patients avaient une PR active. Conclusion : La disponibilitÃ© des DMARDs pose un problÃ¨me dans notre pays. Leur utilisation rationnelle associÃ©e Ã  une faible dose de prednisone permet dâ€™Ã©pargner aux patients une biothÃ©rapie dont le coÃ»t reste hors de la portÃ©e des patients de notre pays Ã  faible revenu.
 
Aim: To evaluate the management and efficacy of conventional DMARDs in RA patients in Benin. Patients and Method: Transversal and analytical study of patients followed for RA and treated with DMARDs. The diagnosis of RA was selected on the basis of EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria. The data collected were analysed using SPSS17.0 software. Results: 156 RA patients were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 44.6 Â± 14.1 [15-69] years and the sex ratio was 0.14. The mean age of the patients was 44.6 Â± 14.1 [15-69] and the sex ratio was 0.14. Rheumatoid factor was present in 88%, anti-CCP antibodies were present in 69.20%. The mean age of disease onset was 10.3 Â± 7.1 [0.5-25] years. The mean time to progression was 8.9 Â± 7.7 [1-30]. The mean DAS28 at onset was 5.71Â± 2.04 [1-30]. Radiologically, the mean feedback score was 38.55 Â± 16.94 [1-30]. The mean dose of Prednisone was 15 mg/day. The DMARDs used were: methotrexate 15-20 mg/week (150 cases), leflunomide (6 cases), salazopyrin 2g/day (27 cases), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day (24 cases). At 24 months, mean DAS28 was 3.91Â±2.01 and 23.7% of patients had active RA. Conclusion: Availability of DMARDs is a problem in our country. Their rational use associated with a low dose of prednisone saves patients from biotherapy, the cost of which remains out of reach for low-income patients in our country.
Entonación del español en contacto con el otomí de San Ildefonso Tultepec: enunciados declarativos e interrogativos absolutos
Authors: Velásquez Upegui Eva Patricia
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this document is to provide an initial description of the intonation features of the Spanish language in contact with the Otomi language spoken in San Ildefonso Tultepec. The declarative and interrogative statements used by bilingual speakers are described and compared, and similarities and differences regarding the Mexican Spanish StandardVariety are traced (De-la-Mota, Martín Butragueño and Prieto, 2010). The study lies within the autosegmental (AM) metrical model and follows the considerations of the Sp-ToBI transcription system, set forth by Estebas-Vilaplana and Prieto (2008). The results show similarities among the declarative and interrogative statements used by bilingual speakers. However, there are clear differences regarding the standard variety.
Na’ain Cho’on / El señor del trueno: un texto en mazateco de Ayautla
Authors: Nakamoto Shun
Published: September 2020

Abstract

“El Señor del Trueno” is a story from the oral tradition of San Bartolomé Ayautla, Oaxaca. The story was narrated by Josefina Sánchez in En Nima or Ayautla Mazatec. The text tells a miracle performed by the Señor del Trueno for the man who went to the mountain in search of ocote wood, since the mayordomo needed ocote for the festival of labrada de velas in honor of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle. This article presents the textin two versions: a narrated and a written one. The article includes, in addition, an introduction to some aspects of Ayautla Mazatec grammar and a morphological analysis, a glossed version of the narrated text is included alongside a free translation.
Reflections on the use of a psychoanalytically informed interview approach for a study exploring how children’s services professionals experience the suffering of parents
Authors: Archard Philip John
Published: September 2020

Hollway and Jefferson’s free association narrative interview method is an approach to qualitative research interviewing that draws on concepts and practices traditionally associated with psychoanalytic therapy. Owing to this “psychosocial” framework, the method is an attractive proposition to psychodynamically orientated practitioner-researchers and various studies by researchers in counselling and clinical psychology and the allied fieldsof social work and mental health nursing have made use of the method or aspects of it. In this article, I describe and reflect on the completion of one study informed by the method which sought to explore how professionals working in English local authority children’s services experience the suffering of parents. Specifically, I am concerned with some of the more practical issues involved in doing the research. The topics covered comprise gaining access to and interviewing a suitable sample of professionals; interviewing technique and the analysis of interview material; and the role of researcher reflexivity and the use of the researcher’s “countertransference” experience (with a specific concern for boredom).Overall, the article contributes to furthering thinking about this method as a tool of social work research and what it means to do qualitative research and research interviews with social work practitioners in a psychoanalytically informed way.
On the use of CPTs in stratigraphy: recent observations and some illustrative cases
Authors: SCHILTZ MARCO
Published: September 2020

During processing and interpretation of about 200 Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) with electrical cones in a limited area of 60 km² in NE Belgium, a close analogy was observed between the vertical trend and signature of two CPT derived parameters (normalized soil behavior index Ic and hydraulic conductivity kSBTn) and borehole gamma ray (GR) measurements. This close analogy could be repeatably observed on five locations with a CPT executed along a cored and logged borehole.
Using this feature proves to be a considerably help for stratigraphic interpretation, especially for sandy units displaying low lithological contrast. Lithostratigraphic units and their boundaries are determined by the specific log response patterns of these CPT derived parameters (kSBTn and/or Ic). These log responses prove to be more consistent and better to correlate than for the classical parameters (cone resistance qc and friction ratio Rf).
This paper describes the case of a Neogene setting in the NE of Belgium where this feature was first observed. An informal stratigraphy based on CPT log signal is proposed for the geological units for the research area. Some other cases are briefly described to illustrate the usability of this feature for other geological settings or issues.
Análise de intervenção de PEP e PEPRO sobre os preços do milho no estado de Mato Grosso, de 2009 a 2016
Authors: Abreu Douglas Paranahyba de , Wander Alcido Elenor , Ferreira Marcelo Dias Paes
Published: September 2020

O Brasil tem políticas específicas direcionadas aos mercados agrícolas, sendo a Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos uma das principais e mais antigas. Objetiva-se, por meio de Modelos de Intervenção, captar o efeito dos instrumentos Prêmio para Escoamento de Produto (PEP) e Prêmio Equalizador Pago ao Produtor (PEPRO) sobre os preços do milho no estado de Mato Grosso, principal produtor deste grão. Os resultados demonstram que as intervenções via PEP e PEPRO apresentam pouco efeito sobre os preços, de 2009 a 2016.
Programa Jovem de Futuro: uma tecnologia educacional do terceiro setor
Authors: Balduino Maria Aparecida Canale
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como foco a discussão que surge nas relações entre o público e o privado na educação e, de maneira mais específica, as implicações que a tecnologia educacional do Programa Jovem de Futuro (PJF), apresentada, criada e desenvolvida pelo Instituto Unibanco (IU), gera na gestão das escolas públicas. A tecnologia é pré-qualificada no Guia de Tecnologias Educacionais do Ministério da Educação (MEC) e efetiva-se por meio de parcerias realizadas com o MEC, os governos dos estados do Ceará, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará e Piauí e o instituto, no âmbito do Programa Ensino Médio Inovador/Jovem de Futuro, para a gestão de escolas de Ensino Médio. A pesquisa situa-se no contexto da redefinição do papel do Estado, em decorrência de uma crise estrutural do capital sob a ótica da ideologia neoliberal, que, como forma de superá-la, sob o argumento de que aquilo que está em crise é o Estado, e não o capital, indica como saída a reforma do Estado mediante a redução de seu papel, de modo mais específico na execução de políticas sociais, entre elas as educacionais. A metodologia da pesquisa tem por base um levantamento bibliográfico nos documentos do Instituto Unibanco e em seus materiais editoriais impressos. Por meio dos materiais, pode-se identificar que o PJF emprega a lógica de mercado nas escolas públicas de Ensino Médio e induz a responsabilização das escolas pelos resultados, o que incorpora alterações nas suas propostas pedagógicas e, assim, compromete a autonomia da gestão escolar, ferindo o princípio da gestão democrática.
Government Intervention in Supervising Sale and Purchase Apartments Through Pre-Project Selling Systems in Indonesia
Authors: Cahayani Dian
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the importance of government intervention to provide oversight of the sale and purchase apartments with a pre-project selling marketing system. This study uses a doctrinal legal research method that uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials which are analyzed deductively and prescriptively. The results of the study explained that even though there had been regulations regarding the sale and purchase of apartments with a pre-project selling system, it turned out that in practice there were still many consumers who suffered losses.This was allegedly due to the absence of sanctions made by the government to overcome the fraudulent developers and the lack of government role in overseeing the process of buying and selling apartments with a pre-project selling system. So that government intervention is needed in buying and selling apartments with a pre-project selling system to meet the occupancy needs of the Indonesian people and protect Indonesian consumers.
Moment-rotation behavior of semi-rigid web cleat connections
Authors: Sağıroğlu Merve , Maali Mahyar , Aydın Abdulkadir Cüneyt , Kılıç Mahmut
Published: September 2020

The behavior of beam-column semi-rigid connection plays an important role in the response of a steel moment resisting, stiffness and rotation capacity framed structure, especially under static loading conditions. In this study, the moment-rotation characteristics of semi-rigid bolted connections using web cleat connections with IPE standard profile is discussed, based on the experimental investigation. The study revealed that the moment resistance of beam-column semi-rigid connection is improved by increasing the height of the beam to the height of web cleat joint (H), and the increasing thickness of web and flange in web cleat joints. The aim was to provide necessary data to improve the Eurocode 3 and efficiently use residue IPE standard profiles, rather than send them back to the consumption cycle. While the resistance moment increased with an increase in H from Hmin to Hmax.