bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analytic Hierarchy Model for Classification Algorithms Selection in Credit Risk Analysis
Authors: Kou Gang , Wu Wenshuai
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes an analytic hierarchy model (AHM) to evaluate classification algorithms for credit risk analysis. The proposed AHM consists of three stages: data mining stage, multicriteria decision making stage, and secondary mining stage. For verification, 2 public‐domain credit datasets, 10 classification algorithms, and 10 performance criteria are used to test the proposed AHM in the experimental study. The results demonstrate that the proposed AHM is an efficient tool to select classification algorithms in credit risk analysis, especially when different evaluation algorithms generate conflicting results.
The Role of Wnt Signaling in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Wan Wenbin , Xia Shijin , Kalionis Bill , Liu Lumei , Li Yaming
Published: May 2014

Accumulating evidence supports a key role for Wnt signaling in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic development and in the regulation of the structure and function of the adult brain. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia, which is characterized byβ-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in specific brain regions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying AD pathology remains elusive. Dysfunctional Wnt signaling is associated with several diseases such as epilepsy, cancer, metabolic disease, and AD. Increasing evidence suggests that downregulation of Wnt signaling, induced by Aβ, is associated with disease progression of AD. More importantly, persistent activation of Wnt signaling through Wnt ligands, or inhibition of negative regulators of Wnt signaling, such as Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) that are hyperactive in the disease state, is able to protect against Aβtoxicity and ameliorate cognitive performance in AD. Together, these data suggest that Wnt signaling might be a potential therapeutic target of AD. Here, we review recent studies related to the progression of AD where Wnt signaling might be relevant and participate in the development of the disease. Then, we focus on the potential relevance of manipulating the Wnt signaling pathway for the treatment of AD.
Miniaturized Wideband Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Inverted U-Slot
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Singh Surinder
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a linear polarized aperture coupled inverted U-slot patch antenna with small steps at the edges. The proposed design exhibits wideband behavior, acceptable return loss, VSWR, gain, small size, and less complexity. The theoretical analysis is based on the finite element method (FEM). This design has wide bandwidth, good return loss, VSWR, and radiation characteristics by implanting the inverted U-shaped stepped slots on a single aperture coupled patch. The proposed antenna design shows the measured return loss within acceptable range throughout the band (11.08 GHz–13.25 GHz) and maximum return loss is achieved with proper impedance matching. In this paper, the design considerations are presented and results are validated by the calculated and measured parameters.
The Partial Averaging of Fuzzy Differential Inclusions on Finite Interval
Authors: Plotnikov Andrej V. , Komleva Tatyana A.
Published: May 2014

The substantiation of a possibility of application of partial averaging method on finite interval for differential inclusions with the fuzzy right-hand side with a small parameter is considered.
Product of Locally Primitive Graphs
Authors: Assari Amir
Published: May 2014

Many large graphs can be constructed from existing smaller graphs by using graph operations, such as the product of two graphs. Many properties of such large graphs are closely related to those of the corresponding smaller ones. In this paper we consider the product of two locally primitive graphs and prove that only tensor product of them will also be locally primitive.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum Hot Pressed P/M Short Steel Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Jain S. , Chandra K. , Agarwala V.
Published: May 2014

Commercial purity aluminum powder of irregular shape and ligamental morphology having average particle size of 75 µm was blended with medium carbon steel short fibers having average diameter of 100 µm and maximum length up to 1000 µm. The green compacts of pure aluminum and reinforced compositions were hot-pressed in 10−3 torr vacuum, at 723 K, 773 K, and 823 K for 5, 10, and 15 min durations under 50 MPa axial stress on Gleeble 3800 simulator. Microstructures of the sintered composites have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The sintered compacts were characterized for densification behavior, hardness, and growth of FexAly reaction interface. Positive densification parameter was achieved for up to 10 wt.% reinforcement fraction. The maximum hardness of 51 Hv was achieved for 10 wt.% at 823 K for 15 min sintering time. The reaction interface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The reaction interface was found to be composed of Fe3Al, FeAl2, Fe2Al, Fe3Al, Fe4Al, Fe2Al5, and FeAl intermetallics. Growth of the reaction interface was diffusion-controlled which followed a nearly parabolic law with a rate constant of 1.41 × 10−12 m2 s−1 at 823 K.
Existence and Nonexistence of a Solution for a Nonlinear p(x)-Elliptic Problem with Right-Hand Side Measure
Authors: Azroul Elhoussine , Barbara Abdelkrim , Redwane Hicham
Published: May 2014

We discuss the existence and nonexistence of solution of a nonlinear problem p(x)-elliptic-div(a(x,∇u))+g(x,u,∇u)=μ, where μ is a Radon measure with bounded total variation, by considering the Sobolev spaces with variable exponents. This study is done in two cases: (i) μ is absolutely continuous with respect to p(x)-capacity. and (ii) μ is concentrated on a Borel set of null p(x)-capacity.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in an Endangered Medicinal Herb,Picrorhiza kurroa
Authors: Sud Amit , Chauhan Rajinder Singh , Tandon Chanderdeep
Published: May 2014

Picrorhiza kurroagrown in the Northwestern Himalayan region is used in various herbal formulations but extensive harvesting of this plant has led it to near extinction. The active constituents responsible for the medicinal properties ofP. kurroahave been identified as picroside-I and picroside-II which are present in a particular ratio (1 : 1.5) in herbal formulations like Picroliv. The biosynthetic pathway of picrosides has been partially deciphered till date and needs to be elucidated completely. Review of literature revealed that no information is available as of today on the proteome analysis ofPicrorhiza kurroaw.r.t. picroside-II biosynthesis. Therefore, with the aim of identifying proteins associated with picroside biosynthesis inPicrorhiza kurroa, differential protein expression was studied under picroside accumulating versus nonaccumulating conditions using SDS-PAGE. A total of 19 differentially expressed proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS followed by MASCOT search. Proteins involved in diverse functions were identified amongst which the most important proteins were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, photosystem I reaction centre subunit V, 2-oxoglutarate ferrous-dependent oxygenase and putative cytochrome P450 superfamily protein because of their role in picroside biosynthesis. These identified proteins provide an insight and a basic platform for thorough understanding of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and various other physiological processes ofP. kurroa.
A Case Study on Formal Analysis of an Automated Guided Vehicle System
Authors: Zhang Jie , Peng Yuntao , Hung William N. N. , Li Xiaojuan , Tan Jindong , Shi Zhiping
Published: May 2014

This paper considers a hybrid I/O automata model for an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system. A set of key properties of an AGV system are characterized for the correctness of the system. An abstract model is constructed from the hybrid automata model to simplify the proof of the constraints. The two models are equivalent in terms of bisimulation relation. We derive the constraints to ensure the correctness of the properties. We validate the system by analyzing the parameters of the constraints of the AGV system.
Successful Pregnancy in a Patient with Combined Deficiency of Factor V and Factor VIII
Authors: El Adib Ahmed Ghassan , Majdi Farah , Dilai Mohamed Othmane , Asmouki Hamid , Bassir Ahlam , Harou Karam , Soumani Abderraouf , Younous Said , Mahmal Lahoucine
Published: May 2014

Inherited combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency (F5F8D) is autosomal recessive transmission disorder. Epistaxis, postsurgical bleeding, and menorrhagia are the most common symptoms. The risk of miscarriage and placental abruption is consequent. We report a case of successful pregnancy in a patient with F5F8D. 20-year-old woman, born of consanguineous parents, third gestate, first parity, two miscarriages, admitted for child birth of a spontaneous pregnancy estimated at 38 weeks and was diagnosed with F5F8D. At admission, patient was hemodynamically stable, with good obstetric conditions. The biologic results showed low levels of PT (52%), factor V (7%), and factor VIII (5%), and the activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged (68,6%). Parturient was admitted in intensive care unit, maternal and fetal monitoring was performed. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and factor VIII concentrates were perfused at the induction of labor. Analgesia used fentanyl titration. The delivery gave birth to a newborn male, with Apgar 10/10 and 3000 g. The puerperium was simple without any important bleeding. Laboratory tests for the newborn were acceptable. Little literature is available on this subject and there are no guidelines available concerning pregnancy; we chose to prescribe a combination of factor VIII concentrate and FFP in pre-, per- and postpartum. The same protocol was successfully used in a patient before dental extraction and prostatectomy. Vaginal delivery is possible, as our case. Management by multidisciplinary team is recommended.
On the Global Dissipative and Multipeakon Dissipative Behavior of the Two-Component Camassa-Holm System
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Song Yongduan , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: May 2014

The global dissipative and multipeakon dissipative behavior of the two-component Camassa-Holm shallow water system after wave breaking was studied in this paper. The underlying approach is based on a skillfully defined characteristic and a set of newly introduced variables which transform the original system into a Lagrangian semilinear system. It is the transformation, together with the associated properties, that allows for the continuity of the solution beyond collision time to be established, leading to a uniquely global dissipative solution, which constructs a semigroup, and the multipeakon dissipative solution.
Activity and Safety of Bevacizumab Plus Fotemustine for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Vaccaro V. , Fabi A. , Vidiri A. , Giannarelli D. , Metro G. , Telera S. , Vari S. , Piludu F. , Carosi M. A. , Villani V. , Cognetti F. , Pompili A. , Marucci L. , Carapella C. M. , Pace A.
Published: May 2014

Background. No established chemotherapeutic regimen exists for the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas (rMGs). Herein, we report the activity and safety results of the bevacizumab (B) plus fotemustine (FTM) combination for the treatment of rMGs.Patients and Methods. An induction phase consisted of B 10 mg/kg days 1, 15 plus FTM 65 mg/m2days 1, 8, and 15. Nonprogressive patients entered the maintenance phase with B 10 mg/kg plus FTM 75 mg/m2every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate; secondary endpoints included safety, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).Results. Twenty-six patients affected by recurrent MGs (50% glioblastoma) were enrolled. Eight partial responses (31%) were observed. Median PFS and OS were 4 (95% C.I.: 2.8–5.1) and 6 months (95% C.I.: 4.2–7.8), respectively. Responses were significantly associated with both improved PFS and OS (P=0.002andP=0.001, resp.). Treatment adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in intensity. Bevacizumab-related adverse events included grade 3 venous thromboembolic event (8%), grade 2 epistaxis (4%), hypertension (8%), and gastrointestinal perforation (4%).Conclusions. Bevacizumab plus FTM showed activity and good tolerability in pretreated MGs. Further investigations are needed in order to verify the benefits deriving from the addition of B to a cytotoxic in this clinical setting of patients.
Vitreous Substitutes: The Present and the Future
Authors: Donati Simone , Caprani Simona Maria , Airaghi Giulia , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Bartalena Luigi , Testa Francesco , Mariotti Cesare , Porta Giovanni , Simonelli Francesca , Azzolini Claudio
Published: May 2014

Vitreoretinal surgery has advanced in numerous directions during recent years. The removal of the vitreous body is one of the main characteristics of this surgical procedure. Several molecules have been tested in the past to fill the vitreous cavity and to mimic its functions. We here review the currently available vitreous substitutes, focusing on their molecular properties and functions, together with their adverse effects. Afterwards we describe the characteristics of the ideal vitreous substitute. The challenges facing every ophthalmology researcher are to reach a long-term intraocular permanence of vitreous substitute with total inertness of the molecule injected and the control of inflammatory reactions. We report new polymers with gelification characteristics and smart hydrogels representing the future of vitreoretinal surgery. Finally, we describe the current studies on vitreous regeneration and cell cultures to create new intraocular gels with optimal biocompatibility and rheological properties.
Pseudo-Weak-R0Algebras
Authors: Liu Yong Lin , Cai Xiaobo
Published: May 2014

A positive answer to the open problem of Iorgulescu on extending weak-R0algebras andR0-algebras to the noncommutative forms is given. We show that pseudo-weak-R0algebras are categorically isomorphic to pseudo-IMTL algebras and that pseudo-R0algebras are categorically isomorphic to pseudo-NM algebras. Some properties, the noncommutative forms of the properties in weak-R0algebras andR0-algebras, are investigated. The simplified axiom systems of pseudo-weak-R0algebras and pseudo-R0algebras are obtained.
Epididymal Polar Dissociation: A Previously Undescribed Anatomical Variant
Authors: McCain Stephen , McCain Scott , Mark David , Brown Robin
Published: May 2014

The normal male external genitalia include the testicles with the epididymis attached posteriorly and the vas deferens arising from this. This case describes an anatomical variation of this normal anatomy not previously reported in the literature. A 17-year-old boy presented with symptoms of intermittent testicular torsion and underwent scrotal exploration. On the left side there was a bell-clapper deformity with the epididymis separated into two parts with the lower pole high in the scrotum and attached to the tunica vaginalis. A normal vas deferens was seen to arise from the isolated lower pole of the epididymis. There was no connection between the vas deferens and the testis or upper pole of epidiymis. This case reminds us of the possibility of anatomical variations and the importance of keeping them in mind to prevent complications at time of surgery.
Effects of Electrode Reversal on the Distribution of Naproxen in the Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers
Authors: Li Zhuang , Kang Hongliang , Che Ning , Liu Zhijing , Li Pingping , Li Weiwei , Zhang Chao , Cao Chun , Liu Ruigang , Huang Yong
Published: May 2014

Naproxen (NAP)/cellulose acetate hybrid nanofibers were prepared by positive and reversed emitting electrodes electrospinning setups. The morphology and structure of the resultant nanofibers were characterized, and the NAP release behaviors were investigated. It was found that NAP dispersed in the CA matrix in molecular level, and no aggregation and dimers of NAP were found in the resultant NAP/CA hybrid nanofibers due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between NAP and CA. The nanofibers obtained by reversed emitting electrode electrospinning setup have a thicker diameter and a faster NAP release rate compared with those obtained by positive emitting electrode electrospinning setup. The faster drug release of NAP from nanofibers prepared by reversed emitting electrode electrospinning is due to the fact that the concentration of NAP molecules near the surface of the nanofibers is relatively higher than that of the nanofibers prepared by positive emitting electrode electrospinning setup. The effects of the electrode polarity on the distribution of drugs in nanofibers can be used to prepare hybrid electrospun fibers of different drug release rates, which may found applications in biomedical materials.
Multitask Oriented Virtual Resource Integration and Optimal Scheduling in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Zhan Dechen , Zhao Xibin , Wan Hai
Published: May 2014

To deal with the problem of resource integration and optimal scheduling in cloud manufacturing, based on the analyzation of the existing literatures, multitask oriented virtual resource integration and optimal scheduling problem is presented from the perspective of global optimization based on the consideration of sharing and correlation among virtual resources. The correlation models of virtual resources in a task and among tasks are established. According to the correlation model and characteristics of resource sharing, the formulation in which resource time-sharing scheduling strategy is employed is put forward, and then the formulation is simplified to solve the problem easily. The genetic algorithm based on the real number matrix encoding is proposed. And crossover and mutation operation rules are designed for the real number matrix. Meanwhile, the evaluation function with the punishment mechanism and the selection strategy with pressure factor are adopted so as to approach the optimal solution more quickly. The experimental results show that the proposed model and method are feasible and effective both in situation of enough resources and limited resources in case of a large number of tasks.
Spatial Variability of Physical Soil Quality Index of an Agricultural Field
Authors: Rabbi Sheikh M. Fazle , Roy Bina R. , Miah M. Masum , Amin M. Sadiqul , Khandakar Tania
Published: May 2014

A field investigation was carried out to evaluate the spatial variability of physical indicators of soil quality of an agricultural field and to construct a physical soil quality index (SQIP) map. Surface soil samples were collected using10  m×10 m grid from an Inceptisol on Ganges Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh. Five physical soil quality indicators, soil texture, bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS), and aggregate stability (measured as mean weight diameter, MWD) were determined. The spatial structures of sand, clay, andKSwere moderate but the structure was strong for silt, bulk density, porosity, and MWD. Each of the physical soil quality indicators was transformed into 0 and 1 using threshold criteria which are required for crop production. The transformed indicators were the combined into SQIP. The kriged SQIPmap showed that the agricultural field studied could be divided into two parts having “good physical quality” and “poor physical soil quality.”
Sleep and Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pirinen Teija , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Ashorn Merja , Aronen Eeva T.
Published: May 2014

The current study assessed the associations between sleep and psychosocial symptoms in 157 Finnish adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sleep trouble was self-rated in Sleep Self-Report (SSR) and in Youth Self-Report (YSR). Psychosocial symptoms of the adolescents were assessed by the YSR and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Patients reporting sleep trouble had significantly more psychosocial symptoms than their counterparts without sleep trouble. This was shown in the CBCL and YSR scales of total problems (P<0.01), anxious/depressed mood (P<0.05), and aggressive behavior (P<0.01). Additionally, SSR sleep problem subscale scores indicating lower sleep quality (bedtime, sleep behavior) associated significantly with attention problems (P<0.05). These results point out that sleep trouble should be recognized and treated in adolescents with IBD to possibly avoid the emerging of psychosocial symptoms.
Walking Wheel Design for Lunar Rove-Rand and Its Application Simulation Based on Virtual Lunar Environment
Authors: Yibing Zhao , Ronghui Zhang , Linhui Li , Lie Guo , Mingheng Zhang
Published: May 2014

The lunar rover design is the key problem of planet exploration. It is extraordinarily important for researchers to fully understand the lunar terrain and propose the reasonable lunar rover. In this paper, one new type of walking wheel modeled on impeller is presented based on vehicle terramechanics. The passive earth pressure of soil mechanics put forward by C. A. Coulomb is employed to obtain the wheel traction force. Some kinematics simulations are conducted for lunar rover model. Besides, this paper presents how to model lunar landing terrain containing typical statistic characteristic including craters and boulders; then, the second step is to construct basal lunar surface by using Brown Fractal Motion and the next is to add craters and boulders by means of known diameter algorithm and Random-create Diameter Algorithm. By means of importing 2D plain of lunar surface into UG, 3D parasolid is modeled and finally imported to ADAMS, which is available for lunar rover kinematics and dynamics simulation. Lastly, based on power spectrum curve of lunar terrain, the spectral characteristic of three different lunar terrain roughness is educed by using reverse engineering algorithm. Simulation results demonstrated the frequency of vibration mechanics properties of different roughness surfaces.
A-LNT: A Wireless Sensor Network Platform for Low-Power Real-Time Voice Communications
Authors: Fu Yong , Guo Qiang , Chen Changying
Published: May 2014

Combining wireless sensor networks and voice communication for multidata hybrid wireless network suggests possible applications in numerous fields. However, voice communication and sensor data transmissions have significant differences, Meanwhile, high-speed massive real-time voice data processing poses challenges for hardware design, protocol design, and especially power management. In this paper, we present a wireless audio sensor network platform A-LNT and study and discuss key elements for systematic design and implementation: node hardware design, low-power voice codec and processing, wireless network topology, hybrid MAC protocol design based on superframe, radio channel allocation, and clock synchronization. Furthermore, we discuss energy management methods such as address filtering and efficient power management in detail. The experimental and simulation results show that A-LNT is a lightweight, low-power, low-speed, and high-performance wireless sensor network platform for multichannel real-time voice communications.
Approaches to Modelling the Human Immune Response in Transition of Candidates from Research to Development
Authors: Williamson Diane
Published: May 2014

This review considers the steps required to evaluate a candidate biodefense vaccine or therapy as it emerges from the research phase, in order to transition it to development. The options for preclinical modelling of efficacy are considered in the context of the FDA’s Animal Rule.
Efficient Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Route to Synthesize Monodispersive Pt Nanoparticles and Their Electrocatalytic Activity for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Libin , Xu Wenjun , Wu Xiao , Li Qian , Wang Zhiming , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: May 2014

High monodispersive Pt nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared via two facile and environmentally‐friendly procedures, either through a traditional solvothermal route (T‐Pt NPs) or via a microwave‐assisted route (M‐Pt NPs). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the high Monodispersity for T‐Pt NPs with the average diameter being ca.2.79 nm and the pod‐like nanostructure for M‐Pt NPs, which indicate the efficiency of both methods. An optimal choice of protocol allows reducing the reaction time from 2 hours (T‐Pt NPs) to 20 minutes (M‐Pt NPs). The electrocatalytic activities of as‐prepared Pt NPs were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, showing very high catalytic activity for a methanol oxidation reaction.
Snapback Primer Mediated Clamping PCR for Detection ofEGFRandKRASMutations in NSCLC Patients by High Resolution Melting Analysis
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Yang Yang , Yang Lixin , Su Bo , Jiang Gening , Fei Ke , Lu Daru
Published: May 2014

Assays for detecting somatic mutations are requested with higher sensitivity and more convenience. Here, we describe snapback primer mediated allele clamping enrichment polymerase chain reaction (SPACE-PCR), a novel form of PCR that amplifies minority alleles selectively from mixtures. We replaced regular PCR with SPACE-PCR before sequencing or genotyping assays to improve mutation detection sensitivity by up to 100-fold in detectingEGFRandKRASsomatic mutations. Combined SPACE-PCR with analysis of snapback primer by high resolution melting (SPACE-HRM), the high sensitive system that enables a closed-tube detection of mutations after isolating mutants has been established, as low as 1/105–1/1000 mutant samples can be diagnosed. And finally, in a double-blind experiment of 150 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, compared with direct DNA sequencing and ADX-EGFR/KRASmutation detection kit, up to 25% of the PCR-direct sequencing negative cases turned out to be positive in SPACE-HRM mutation tests; the specificity is 100%. Results demonstrated that the SPACE-HRM system we set up is a high sensitive assay that can be used forEGFRandKRASallele enrichment and reliable detection. We anticipate that the method will be employed in multiple applications in the clinic, including diagnosis, scanner recurrence monitoring, and treatment management.
Iterative and Algebraic Algorithms for the Computation of the Steady State Kalman Filter Gain
Authors: Assimakis Nicholas , Adam Maria
Published: May 2014

The Kalman filter gain arises in linear estimation and is associated with linear systems. The gain is a matrix through which the estimation and the prediction of the state as well as the corresponding estimation and prediction error covariance matrices are computed. For time invariant and asymptotically stable systems, there exists a steady state value of the Kalman filter gain. The steady state Kalman filter gain is usually derived via the steady state prediction error covariance by first solving the corresponding Riccati equation. In this paper, we present iterative per-step and doubling algorithms as well as an algebraic algorithm for the steady state Kalman filter gain computation. These algorithms hold under conditions concerning the system parameters. The advantage of these algorithms is the autonomous computation of the steady state Kalman filter gain.
Effects of Hydrogen Plasma on the Electrical Properties of F-Doped ZnO Thin Films and p-i-nα-Si:H Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Fang-Hsing , Hung Shang-Chao , Yang Cheng-Fu , Lee Yen-Hsien
Published: May 2014

1.5 wt% zinc fluoride (ZnF2) was mixed with zinc oxide powder to form the F-doped ZnO (FZO) composition. At first, the FZO thin films were deposited at room temperature and5×10-3Torr in pure Ar under different deposition power. Hall measurements of the as-deposited FZO thin films were investigated, and then the electrical properties were used to find the deposition power causing the FZO thin films with minimum resistance. The FZO thin films with minimum resistance were further treated by H2plasma and then found their variations in the electrical properties by Hall measurements. Hydrochloric (HCl) acid solutions with different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%) were used to etch the surfaces of the FZO thin films. Finally, the as-deposited, HCl-etched as-deposited, and HCl-etched H2-plasma-treated FZO thin films were used as transparent electrodes to fabricate the p-i-nα-Si:H thin film solar cells and their characteristics were compared in this study. We would show that using H2-plasma-treated and HCl-etched FZO thin films as transparent electrodes would improve the efficiency of the fabricated thin film solar cells.
A Novel Stent Coated with Antibodies to Endoglin Inhibits Neointimal Formation of Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Cui Song , Liu Jing-Hua , Song Xian-Tao , Ma Guo-Lin , Du Ben-Jun , Lv Shu-Zheng , Meng Li-Jun , Gao Quan-Sheng , Li Kefeng
Published: May 2014

Endoglin/CD105 is an accessory protein of the transforming growth factor-βreceptor system that plays a critical role in proliferation of endothelial cells and neovasculature. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of novel stents coated with antibodies to endoglin (ENDs) on coronary neointima formation. Thirty ENDs, thirty sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs), and thirty bare metal stents (BMSs) were randomly assigned and placed in the coronary arteries in 30 juvenile pigs. Histomorphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed after stent implantation. Our results showed that after 7 days, there was no difference in the neointimal area and percent area stenosis in ENDs compared with SMSs or BMSs. After 14 days, the neointima area and percent area stenosis in ENDs were markedly decreased than those in BMSs or SESs(P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of reendothelialization was significantly higher in ENDs than that in SESs or BMSs(P<0.01)at 7 and 14 days. The artery injury and the inflammation scores were similar in all groups at 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, our results demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that endoglin antibody-coated stents can markedly reduce restenosis by enhancing reendothelialization in the porcine model and potentially offer a new approach to prevent restenosis.
Space-Time Estimates on Damped Fractional Wave Equation
Authors: Chen Jiecheng , Fan Dashan , Zhang Chunjie
Published: May 2014

We obtain space-time estimates on the solutionu(t,x)to the Cauchy problem of damped fractional wave equation. We mainly focus on the linear equation. The almost everywhere convergence of the solution to linear equations ast→0+is also studied, with the initial data satisfying certain regularity conditions.
Antioxidant Potential of the Polyherbal Formulation “ImmuPlus”: A Nutritional Supplement for Horses
Authors: Cecchini Stefano , Paciolla Mariateresa , Caputo Anna Rocchina , Bavoso Alfonso
Published: May 2014

In order to counteract harmful effects of oxidative stress due to pathological conditions or physical exercise, horses are often administered dietary supplements having supposed high antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to identify thein vitroantioxidant potential of “ImmuPlus”, a polyherbal formulation (Global Herbs LTD, Chichester, West Sussex, Great Britain), containing three medicinal plants (Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia,andEmblica officinalis), known in Ayurveda for their use in human disease treatment. Extracts obtained by different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and hexane) were tested for total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, scavenging activity against DPPH radical, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Our results showed that, except as regards hexane, all the used solvents are able to extract compounds having high antioxidant activity, even when compared to ascorbic acid. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between antioxidant properties and polyphenol/flavonoid contents, indicating the latter, known for their beneficial effects on health of human and animal beings, as major components responsible for the strong antioxidant capacities. Moreover, obtained results suggest the effective role of the polyherbal mixture as good source of antioxidants in horses.
Long-Term Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use Is Associated with Increased Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Male Bodybuilders
Authors: Akçakoyun Mustafa , Alizade Elnur , Gündoğdu Recep , Bulut Mustafa , Tabakcı Mehmet Mustafa , Açar Göksel , Avcı Anıl , Şimşek Zeki , Fidan Serdar , Demir Serdar , Kargın Ramazan , Emiroğlu Mehmet Yunus
Published: May 2014

We investigated the effect of long-term supraphysiologic doses of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) in male bodybuilders. We clearly demonstrated that long-term consumption of supraphysiologic doses of AAS is associated with higher values of inter- and intra-AEMD in healthy young bodybuilders.
Elastase and Cathepsin G from Primed Leukocytes Cleave Vascular Endothelial Cadherin in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Cohen-Mazor Meital , Mazor Rafi , Kristal Batya , Sela Shifra
Published: May 2014

Aims. To test the hypothesis that primed PMNLs in blood of chronic kidney disease patients release the active form of elastase and cathepsin G causing degradation of vital proteins and promote tissue damage.Methods. RT-PCR, immunocytochemical staining, immunoblotting, and FACS analyses were used to study these enzymes in hemodialysis patients (HD) versus healthy normal controls (NC). Using PMNLs and endothelial cells cocultivation system we measure the effect of HD PMNLs on the endothelial VE-cadherin, an essential protein for maintaining endothelial integrity.Results. Levels of elastase and cathepsin G were reduced in PMNLs of HD patients, while mRNA enzymes levels were not different. Elevated levels of the active form of these enzymes were found in blood of HD patients compared to NC.HD plasma had higher levels of soluble VE-cadherin present in three molecular forms: whole 140 kDa molecule and two fragments of 100 and 40 kDa. Cocultivation studies showed that primed PMNLs cleave the endothelial cadherin, resulting in a 100 kDa fragment.Conclusions. Elastase and cathepsin G are elevated in the plasma of HD patients, originating from primed PMNLs. In these patients, chronic elevation of these enzymes contributes to cleavage of VE-cadherin and possible disruption of endothelial integrity.
Fabrication of a 77 GHz Rotman Lens on a High Resistivity Silicon Wafer Using Lift-Off Process
Authors: Attaran Ali , Chowdhury Sazzadur
Published: May 2014

Fabrication of a high resistivity silicon based microstrip Rotman lens using a lift-off process has been presented. The lens features 3 beam ports, 5 array ports, 16 dummy ports, and beam steering angles of ±10 degrees. The lens was fabricated on a 200 μm thick high resistivity silicon wafer and has a footprint area of 19.7 mm × 15.6 mm. The lens was tested as an integral part of a 77 GHz radar where a tunable X band source along with an 8 times multiplier was used as the RF source and the resulting millimeter wave signal centered at 77 GHz was radiated through a lens-antenna combination. A horn antenna with a downconverter harmonic mixer was used to receive the radiated signal and display the received signal in an Advantest R3271A spectrum analyzer. The superimposed transmit and receive signal in the spectrum analyzer showed the proper radar operation confirming the Rotman lens design.
Fatty Acids in Energy Metabolism of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Panov Alexander , Orynbayeva Zulfiya , Vavilin Valentin , Lyakhovich Vyacheslav
Published: May 2014

In this review, we analyze the current hypotheses regarding energy metabolism in the neurons and astroglia. Recently, it was shown that up to 20% of the total brain’s energy is provided by mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids. However, the existing hypotheses consider glucose, or its derivative lactate, as the only main energy substrate for the brain. Astroglia metabolically supports the neurons by providing lactate as a substrate for neuronal mitochondria. In addition, a significant amount of neuromediators, glutamate and GABA, is transported into neurons and also serves as substrates for mitochondria. Thus, neuronal mitochondria may simultaneously oxidize several substrates. Astrocytes have to replenish the pool of neuromediators by synthesis de novo, which requires large amounts of energy. In this review, we made an attempt to reconcileβ-oxidation of fatty acids by astrocytic mitochondria with the existing hypothesis on regulation of aerobic glycolysis. We suggest that, under condition of neuronal excitation, both metabolic pathways may exist simultaneously. We provide experimental evidence that isolated neuronal mitochondria may oxidize palmitoyl carnitine in the presence of other mitochondrial substrates. We also suggest that variations in the brain mitochondrial metabolic phenotype may be associated with different mtDNA haplogroups.
Downtime after Critical Incidents in Emergency Medical Technicians/Paramedics
Authors: Halpern Janice , Maunder Robert G. , Schwartz Brian , Gurevich Maria
Published: May 2014

Effective workplace-based interventions after critical incidents (CIs) are needed for emergency medical technicians (EMT)/paramedics. The evidence for a period out of service post-CI (downtime) is sparse; however it may prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout symptoms. We examined the hypothesis that downtime post-CI is associated with fewer symptoms of four long-term emotional sequelae in EMT/paramedics: depression, PTSD, burnout, and stress-related emotional symptoms (accepted cut-offs defined high scores). Two hundred and one paramedics completed questionnaires concerning an index CI including downtime experience, acute distress, and current emotional symptoms. Nearly 75% received downtime; 59% found it helpful; 84% spent it with peers. Downtime was associated only with lower depression symptoms, not with other outcomes. The optimal period for downtime was between<30 minutes and end of shift, with>1 day being less effective. Planned testing of mediation of the association between downtime and depression by either calming acute post-CI distress or feeling helped by others was not performed because post-CI distress was not associated with downtime and perceived helpfulness was not associated with depression. These results suggest that outcomes of CIs follow different pathways and may require different interventions. A brief downtime is a relatively simple and effective strategy in preventing later depression symptoms.
Rotor‐Flying Manipulator: Modeling, Analysis, and Control
Authors: Yang Bin , He Yuqing , Han Jianda , Liu Guangjun
Published: May 2014

Equipping multijoint manipulators on a mobile robot is a typical redesign scheme to make the latter be able to actively influence the surroundings and has been extensively used for many ground robots, underwater robots, and space robotic systems. However, the rotor‐flying robot (RFR) is difficult to be made such redesign. This is mainly because the motion of the manipulator will bring heavy coupling between itself and the RFR system, which makes the system model highly complicated and the controller design difficult. Thus, in this paper, the modeling, analysis, and control of the combined system, called rotor‐flying multijoint manipulator (RF‐MJM), are conducted. Firstly, the detailed dynamics model is constructed and analyzed. Subsequently, a full‐state feedback linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed through obtaining linearized model near steady state. Finally, simulations are conducted and the results are analyzed to show the basic control performance.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Optimality for a Damped Hyperbolic Equation in One-Space Dimension
Authors: Kucuk Ismail , Yildirim Kenan
Published: May 2014

The present paper deals with the necessary optimality condition for a class of distributed parameter systems in which the system is modeled in one-space dimension by a hyperbolic partial differential equation subject to the damping and mixed constraints on state and controls. Pontryagin maximum principle is derived to be a necessary condition for the controls of such systems to be optimal. With the aid of some convexity assumptions on the constraint functions, it is obtained that the maximum principle is also a sufficient condition for the optimality.
Assessment of Urinary Osteopontin in Association with Podocyte for Early Predication of Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Al-Malki Abdulrahman L.
Published: May 2014

Objectives. Microalbuminuria has been clinically used for noninvasive evaluation of renal dysfunctions. However, it is a nonspecific marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods. This study was conducted from March 2012 to April 2013 at Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC). In this study, urinary osteopontin, podocytes number, and levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) were determined in 60 patients (diabetic normoalbuminuria, diabetic microalbuminuria, and nephritic syndrome) compared with healthy subjects.Results. It was found that in diabetic microalbuminuria patients have a highly significant increase in urinary IgM, osteopontin, and podocyte levels as compared to other groups. Nephrotic syndrome patients showed a moderate significant elevation of these parameters compared to control subjects. At a given specificity of 97%, podocytes yielded the highest sensitivity of all markers, 95.5%. The sensitivity was considerably higher compared to IgM and osteopontin. Podocyte number was positively correlated with serum IgM and osteopontin (r=0.63and 0.56), respectively. Its cutoff corresponding to the 10% coefficient of variation was most appropriate for early diagnosis of DN.Conclusion. Monitoring urinary podocyte may provide a noninvasive tool that is a sensitive, accurate, and specific biomarker of glomerular injury and can be used in combination with osteopontin and IgM to more reliably detect and monitor prognosis.
Optimization of High-Speed Train Control Strategy for Traction Energy Saving Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Su Ruidan , Gu Qianrong , Wen Tao
Published: May 2014

A parallel multipopulation genetic algorithm (PMPGA) is proposed to optimize the train control strategy, which reduces the energy consumption at a specified running time. The paper considered not only energy consumption, but also running time, security, and riding comfort. Also an actual railway line (Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway) parameter including the slop, tunnel, and curve was applied for simulation. Train traction property and braking property was explored detailed to ensure the accuracy of running. The PMPGA was also compared with the standard genetic algorithm (SGA); the influence of the fitness function representation on the search results was also explored. By running a series of simulations, energy savings were found, both qualitatively and quantitatively, which were affected by applying cursing and coasting running status. The paper compared the PMPGA with the multiobjective fuzzy optimization algorithm and differential evolution based algorithm and showed that PMPGA has achieved better result. The method can be widely applied to related high-speed train.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia 7: A Report of Unaffected Siblings Who Married into Different SCA 7 Families
Authors: Zaheer Fariha , Fee Dominic
Published: May 2014

Two families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 are presented. Although there are affected cousins, it is not the sibling parents that transmitted the mutation. It is assumed that the affected families share a common ancestor.
Anti-hnRNP B1 (RA33) Autoantibodies Are Associated with the Clinical Phenotype in Russian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Maslyanskiy Aleksey , Lazareva Natalya , Olinek Polina , Schierack Peter , Hentschel Christian , Cuccato Juliane , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Lapin Sergey V. , Roggenbuck Dirk
Published: May 2014

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are potent autoantigenic targets in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Loss of tolerance to the RA33 complex consisting of hnRNP A2 and its alternatively spliced variants B1 and B2 has been the interest of rheumatologists. A novel ELISA for the detection of anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies has been developed to investigate the prevalence thereof in 397 patients with SARD, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SPA), juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), in comparison to 174 controls. Anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies were significantly more prevalent in patients with SARD than controls (47/397, 11.8% versus 2/174, 1.1%;P<0.001). In particular, anti-hnRNP B1 were found more frequently in the disease cohorts than in the controls and were present in 24/165 (14.5%) patients with RA, 6/58 (10.3%) SPA, 11/65 (16.9%) SSc, and 4/50 (8.0%) SLE. In RA patients, anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies correlated significantly with C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while in patients with SSc it was associated with features of arterial wall stiffness and presence of hypertension. Anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies occur in SARD and seem to be correlated with distinct clinical characteristics in patients with RA and SSc.
Effects of Cooling on Ankle Muscle Strength, Electromyography, and Gait Ground Reaction Forces
Authors: Halder Amitava , Gao Chuansi , Miller Michael
Published: May 2014

The effects of cooling on neuromuscular function and performance during gait are not fully examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of local cooling for 20 min in cold water at 10°C in a climate chamber also at 10°C on maximal isometric force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower leg muscles. Gait ground reaction forces (GRFs) were also assessed. Sixteen healthy university students participated in the within subject design experimental study. Isometric forces of the tibialis anterior (TA) and the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were measured using a handheld dynamometer and the EMG was recorded using surface electrodes. Ground reaction forces during gait and the required coefficient of friction (RCOF) were recorded using a force plate. There was a significantly reduced isometric maximum force in the TA muscle (P<0.001) after cooling. The mean EMG amplitude of GM muscle was increased after cooling (P<0.003), indicating that fatigue was induced. We found no significant changes in the gait GRFs and RCOF on dry and level surface. These findings may indicate that local moderate cooling 20 min of 10°C cold water, may influence maximal muscle performance without affecting activities at sub-maximal effort.
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction across Broad-Ranging Pathologies: Toward Mitochondria-Targeted Clinical Strategies
Authors: Pagano Giovanni , Aiello Talamanca Annarita , Castello Giuseppe , Cordero Mario D. , d’Ischia Marco , Gadaleta Maria Nicola , Pallardó Federico V. , Petrović Sandra , Tiano Luca , Zatterale Adriana
Published: May 2014

Beyond the disorders recognized as mitochondrial diseases, abnormalities in function and/or ultrastructure of mitochondria have been reported in several unrelated pathologies. These encompass ageing, malformations, and a number of genetic or acquired diseases, as diabetes and cardiologic, haematologic, organ-specific (e.g., eye or liver), neurologic and psychiatric, autoimmune, and dermatologic disorders. The mechanistic grounds for mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) along with the occurrence of oxidative stress (OS) have been investigated within the pathogenesis of individual disorders or in groups of interrelated disorders. We attempt to review broad-ranging pathologies that involve mitochondrial-specific deficiencies or rely on cytosol-derived prooxidant states or on autoimmune-induced mitochondrial damage. The established knowledge in these subjects warrants studies aimed at elucidating several open questions that are highlighted in the present review. The relevance of OS and MDF in different pathologies may establish the grounds for chemoprevention trials aimed at compensating OS/MDF by means of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients.