bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Buckling Behavior of Functionally Graded Cellular Media With Extension-Capable C1 Higher Order Plate Theory
Authors: Jahwari Farooq Al , Naguib Hani E.
Published: February 2016

Polymeric cellular materials were primarily developed as means to reduce density of solid polymers and thus saving cost for applications where mechanical strength is not required like the packaging industry. Nevertheless, functionally graded cellular materials showed an attractive mechanical behavior in experimental studies. The fatigue life of porous polycarbonate (PC) with above 90% relative density is reported to be as much as four times that of a solid PC, and greater impact strength with relative density over 60%. The focus of this paper is on fabricating bio-polymeric-based functionally graded porous material with polylactic acid (PLA) and analyze the buckling behavior of their plate-like structures. The analysis includes numerical modeling supported with experimental findings. The modeling is carried out with a higher order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) accounting for extension in the transverse direction. The proposed HSDT satisfies the constraint on the consistency of transverse shear strain energy a priori in addition to the traction conditions on plate surfaces. Few theories in the area satisfy both conditions. Finite element is used to implement the HSDT with C1 continuity using conforming elements. The through-thickness varying properties are homogenized at planar-level with the generalized self-consistent scheme. The graded cellular structure is manufactured to vary through the plate thickness while being uniform on-average for the other two planar dimensions. Constrained foaming process is adopted to control the pores’ size and structure through the plate thickness.
Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Modeling of the Artery Myogenic Transient and Steady-State Response
Authors: Li Yali , Goulbourne N. C.
Published: February 2016

Active contraction of smooth muscle results in the myogenic response and vasomotion of arteries, which adjusts the blood flow and nutrient supply of the organism. It is a multiphysic process coupled electrical and chemical kinetics with mechanical behavior of the smooth muscle. This paper presents a new constitutive model for the media layer of the artery wall to describe the myogenic response of artery wall for different transmural pressures. The model includes two major components: electrobiochemical, and chemomechanical parts. The electrochemical model is a lumped Hodgkin-Huxley-type cell membrane model for the nanoscopic ionic currents: calcium, sodium, and potassium. The calculated calcium concentration serves as input for the chemomechanical portion of the model; its molecular binding and the reactions with other enzyme cause the relative sliding of thin and thick filaments of the contractile unit. In the chemomechanical model, a new nonlinear viscoelastic model is proposed using a continuum mechanics approach to describe the time varying behavior of the smooth muscle. Specifically, this model captures the filament overlap effect, active stress evolution, initial velocity, and elastic recoil in the media layer. The artery wall is considered as a thin-walled cylindrical tube. Using the proposed constitutive model and the thin-walled equilibrium equation, the myogenic response is calculated for different transmural pressures. The integrated model is able to capture the pressure-diameter transient and steady-state relationship.
How clarinettists articulate: The effect of blowing pressure and tonguing on initial and final transients
Authors: Li Weicong , Almeida André , Smith John , Wolfe Joe
Published: February 2016

Articulation, including initial and final note transients, is important to tasteful music performance. Clarinettists' tongue-reed contact, the time variation of the blowing pressure P¯mouth, the mouthpiece pressure, the pressure in the instrument bore, and the radiated sound were measured for normal articulation, accents, sforzando, staccato, and for minimal attack, i.e., notes started very softly. All attacks include a phase when the amplitude of the fundamental increases exponentially, with rates r ∼1000 dB s−1 controlled by varying both the rate of increase in P¯mouth and the timing of tongue release during this increase. Accented and sforzando notes have shorter attacks (r∼1300 dB s−1) than normal notes. P¯mouth reaches a higher peak value for accented and sforzando notes, followed by a steady decrease for accented notes or a rapid fall to a lower, nearly steady value for sforzando notes. Staccato notes are usually terminated by tongue contact, producing an exponential decrease in sound pressure with rates similar to those calculated from the bandwidths of the bore resonances: ∼400 dB s−1. In all other cases, notes are stopped by decreasing P¯mouth. Notes played with different dynamics are qualitatively similar, but louder notes have larger P¯mouth and larger r.
Interfering with interferons
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: February 2016

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists suppress immunopathology by targeting the type I interferon receptor for degradation.
Rivaroxaban and retropharyngeal haemorrhage
Authors: McCarter Jonathan Andrew , Bell Philip Robert , McCadden Luke , Scally Catherine
Published: February 2016

Haemorrhage is a well-known and accepted complication of anticoagulation. A retropharyngeal haemorrhage (RH) is a rare condition that without prompt recognition and management may result in fatal complications. We report a case of RH in a 67-year-old man anticoagulated with rivaroxaban for atrial fibrillation. The patient presented to the emergency department, with a two-day history of atraumatic right-sided neck swelling and associated progressive odynophagia, dysphagia and dysphonia. Rivaroxaban is a potent new oral anticoagulant that has been approved for use by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) but still has no approved reversal agent. Despite its rarity, an RH is a potentially life threatening complication of anticoagulation that must be carefully considered. This is especially true for a drug that cannot be easily reversed. We present a discussion of this case presentation with possible differential diagnoses and a review of the literature, and recommend the use of Capp's triad as a diagnostic criterion.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage from the rupture of two intracranial aneurysms in the same day: a rare occurrence, not a myth
Authors: Dubois Jerome Laval Cyril , Major Otto
Published: February 2016

The incidence of intracranial aneurysms is approximately 6% throughout the world, although it can be more prevalent in some populations than others. Subarachnoid haemorrhage from a single aneurysm rupture can be devastating, with approximately 35% of patients not regaining consciousness after the initial bleed. In some cases, patients will have two or more aneurysms at presentation, and only one of them will have bled. Having two or more aneurysms that have bled within a few minutes or few hours of one another, is almost unheard of. Our case report is based on a patient who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage from two ruptured aneurysms, confirmed intraoperatively and corroborated by the available, preoperative, standard head CT scan, which can be performed in any hospital with CT scanning facilities, and CT angiogram.
Dilated cardiomyopathy with cardiogenic shock in a child with Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Authors: Sehgal Swati , Choudhry Swati , Debelenko Larisa , L'Ecuyer Thomas
Published: February 2016

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mitochondrial DNA deletion. This syndrome primarily involves the central nervous system, eyes, skeletal muscles and the heart. The most well-known cardiac complications involve the conduction system; however, there have been case reports describing cardiomyopathy. We describe a case of a child with KSS who presented with decompensated cardiac failure from dilated cardiomyopathy representing cardiomyocyte involvement of KSS. Our patient had a rapidly progressing course, despite maximal medical management, requiring emergent institution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and transition to a ventricular assist device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient in the literature to have dilated cardiomyopathy in KSS.
Extended prediction rule to optimise early detection of heart failure in older persons with non-acute shortness of breath: a cross-sectional study
Authors: van Riet Evelien E S , Hoes Arno W , Limburg Alexander , Landman Marcel A J , Kemperman Hans , Rutten Frans H
Published: February 2016

Objectives

There is a need for a practical tool to aid general practitioners in early detection of heart failure in the elderly with shortness of breath. In this study, such a screening rule was developed based on an existing rule for detecting heart failure in older persons with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The original rule included a history of ischaemic heart disease, body mass index, laterally displaced apex beat, heart rate, elevated N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and an abnormal ECG.

Design

Cross-sectional data were used to validate, update and extend the original prediction rule according to a standardised state-of-the-art stepwise approach.

Setting

Primary care with 30 participating general practices.

Participants

Community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years with shortness of breath on exertion.

Methods and results

Validation of the existing screening rule in our population showed satisfying discrimination with a concordance statistic of 0.84 (range 0.80–0.85), but poor calibration. Performance measures were most improved by adding the predictors age >75 years, peripheral oedema and systolic murmur, resulting in a concordance statistic of 0.88 (range 0.85–0.90) and a net reclassification improvement of 31%. A risk score was computed, which showed high accuracy with a negative predictive value of 87% and a positive predictive value of 73%. Evaluating the improved rule in the derivation set and an independent set of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 60 years or older showed satisfying generalisability of the rule.

Conclusions

Our rule resulted in excellent prediction of heart failure in the large domain of the elderly with shortness of breath, and would help general practitioners to select those needing echocardiography.

Trial registration number

NCT01202006.
Safety and efficacy of insulin glargine 300 u/mL compared with other basal insulin therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Freemantle Nick , Chou Engels , Frois Christian , Zhuo Daisy , Lehmacher Walter , Vlajnic Aleksandra , Wang Hongwei , Chung Hsing-wen , Zhang Quanwu , Wu Eric , Gerrits Charles
Published: February 2016

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of a concentrated formulation of insulin glargine (Gla-300) with other basal insulin therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

This was a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised clinical trials of basal insulin therapy in T2DM identified via a systematic literature review of Cochrane library databases, MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE and PsycINFO.

Outcome measures

Changes in HbA1c (%) and body weight, and rates of nocturnal and documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia were assessed.

Results

41 studies were included; 25 studies comprised the main analysis population: patients on basal insulin-supported oral therapy (BOT). Change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was comparable between Gla-300 and detemir (difference: −0.08; 95% credible interval (CrI): −0.40 to 0.24), neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH; 0.01; −0.28 to 0.32), degludec (−0.12; −0.42 to 0.20) and premixed insulin (0.26; −0.04 to 0.58). Change in body weight was comparable between Gla-300 and detemir (0.69; −0.31 to 1.71), NPH (−0.76; −1.75 to 0.21) and degludec (−0.63; −1.63 to 0.35), but significantly lower compared with premixed insulin (−1.83; −2.85 to −0.75). Gla-300 was associated with a significantly lower nocturnal hypoglycaemia rate versus NPH (risk ratio: 0.18; 95% CrI: 0.05 to 0.55) and premixed insulin (0.36; 0.14 to 0.94); no significant differences were noted in Gla-300 versus detemir (0.52; 0.19 to 1.36) and degludec (0.66; 0.28 to 1.50). Differences in documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia rates of Gla-300 versus detemir (0.63; 0.19to 2.00), NPH (0.66; 0.27 to 1.49) and degludec (0.55; 0.23 to 1.34) were not significant. Extensive sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions

NMA comparisons are useful in the absence of direct randomised controlled data. This NMA suggests that Gla-300 is also associated with a significantly lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia compared with NPH and premixed insulin, with glycaemic control comparable to available basal insulin comparators.
Where do people live longer and shorter lives? An ecological study of old-age survival across 4404 small areas from 18 European countries
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Krainski Elias Teixeira , Carvalho Marilia Sá , Pina Maria de Fátima de
Published: February 2016

Background

Further increases in life expectancy in high-income countries depend to a large extent on advances in old-age survival. We aimed to characterise the spatial distribution of old-age survival across small areas of Europe, and to identify areas with significantly high or low survivorship.

Methods

This study incorporated 4404 small areas from 18 European countries. We used a 10-year survival rate to express the proportion of population aged 75–84 years who reached 85–94 years of age (beyond average life expectancy). This metric was calculated for each gender using decennial census data (1991, 2001 and 2011) at small geographical areas. To address problems associated with small areas, rates were smoothed using a Bayesian spatial model. Excursion sets were defined to identify areas with significantly high (>95th centile) and low (<5th) survival.

Results

In 2011, on average, 47.1% (range: 22.5–71.5) of the female population aged 75–84 years had reached 85–94 years of age, compared to 34.2% (16.4–49.6) of the males. These figures, however, hide important and time-persistent spatial inequalities. Higher survival rates were concentrated in northern Spain, Andorra and northeastern Italy, and in the south and west of France. Lower survival was found in parts of the UK, Scandinavia and the Netherlands, and in some areas of southern Europe. Within these regions, we detected areas with significantly high and low old-age survival.

Conclusions

Clear and persistent spatial inequalities in old-age survival exist, suggesting that European social unity is still to be accomplished. These inequalities could arise from a myriad of population health determinants (eg, poverty, unhealthy lifestyles), which merit further study.
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation—clinical and angiographic spectrum with management perspective: an institutional experience
Authors: Agarwal Himanshu , Sebastian Leve Joseph Devarajan , Gaikwad Shailesh B , Garg Ajay , Mishra Nalini K
Published: February 2016

Background and purpose

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare developmental intracranial vascular malformation. We analyzed the clinical presentations, imaging findings, angioarchitecture, management options, and outcome in a demographically heterogeneous set of VGAM patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed cases of VGAM from our departmental archive collected between 1988 and January 2015. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and follow-up details were obtained for each patient from the available records.

Results

We identified 36 patients with VGAM including 6 neonates, 18 infants, 7 children aged 2–10 years, and 5 adults. Macrocrania was the commonest presenting feature. Type of fistulae was mural in 14 and choroidal in 18 patients while 4 had a thrombosed sac at presentation. In 3 cases the dilated venous sac had connection with the deep venous system. Bilateral jugular atresia and stenosis were seen in 9 and 6 patients, respectively. Giant venous sac (>4 cm) was significantly correlated with mural type (p=0.0001). Dural arterial recruitment was seen in 4 patients including 3 adults. Among the 23 patients treated by endovascular means, 14 had a good outcome, 5 had a poor outcome, and 4 died. A significant correlation was noted between jugular atresia and poor outcome (p=0.003).

Conclusions

We encountered a wide range of demographic, clinical, and angiographic features in VGAM. Mural type malformations were associated with giant venous sacs. Good outcome after embolization was seen in selected neonates and in most of the infants, children, and adults. Jugular atresia was significantly associated with poor outcome.
Ischaemic neuromyopathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in cats
Authors: Hanna Fikry Younan
Published: February 2016

Three cats presented to the hospital with multisystemic signs including oral ulceration and bleeding, spontaneous subcutaneous haemorrhages, fever, lethargy, anorexia and renal disease. The cats, two male and one female, were all older than six years (mean age eight years). All three cats also had a chronic history of lameness in one thoracic limb, which had progressed to non‐ambulatory paresis. Marked muscle atrophy was present over the entire limb. Palpation of the axilla revealed a prominent tender cord‐like structure, which on postmortem examination was found to be the swollen brachial plexus in each cat. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was based on clinical assessment and laboratory data. All had ischaemic neuromyopathy confirmed on histopathological examination. Prednisolone with chlorambucil and pentoxifylline was administered orally. Unfortunately, none of the cats survived more than seven weeks from diagnosis.
Interaction of l-proline with group IIB (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) metal cations in the gas and aqueous phases: a quantum computational study
Authors: Khalili Behzad , Rimaz Mehdi
Published: February 2016

The gas and aqueous phase complexation geometries, electronic interactions, and metal ion affinities of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ metal cations with the two most stable conformations of l-proline complexes were studied. The complexes were optimized by density functional theory (B3LYP) using the 6-311++G(d,p) orbital basis set and relativistic pseudopotentials for the metal cations. The interactions of the metal cations at different nucleophilic sites of l-proline were considered as were three modes of interactions including salt bridged, charge solvated 1, and charge solvated 2, which are indicative of binding in a bidentate manner through the carboxylate group, carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygen, and carbonyl oxygen and the nitrogen atom of l-proline. All of the coordination patterns were characterized by both charge transfer and ionic interactions between l-proline and the metal cation. The metal ion affinity (MIA) and interaction energy were also computed for all of the complexes at both the gas and aqueous phases. Results showed that the order of MIA at the gas and aqueous phases are different. MIA order at the gas phase was in the order of Zn2+ > Hg2+ > Cd2+ whereas at the aqueous phase, the order of Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+ was obtained for MIA. The infrared stretching vibrational modes of the N–H and O–H groups of free l-proline were compared with l-proline–M2+ in both CS1 and CS2 coordination patterns at the gas phase and results showed a considerable shift to lower frequency during complexation process.
Early Telychian (Silurian) marine siliciclastic red beds in the Eastern Yangtze Platform, South China: distribution pattern and controlling factors
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Wang Yi , Zhang Xiaole , Rong Jiayu
Published: February 2016

The distribution pattern of early Telychian (turriculatus–crispus graptolite biozone) red beds in the Eastern Yangtze Platform of South China is reconstructed based on regional geologic data. The red beds are developed in three areas, which are separated by regions without red deposition. The distribution pattern indicates that the Cathaysian Oldland was the provenance of sediment rich in ferric oxides, which are essential for the formation of red beds. Silurian marine siliciclastic red beds, both in China and worldwide, tended to develop during times of relatively low sea level. Coeval hematitic oolites that formed far from the coast may record a change from reducing to oxidizing conditions in the ocean. Furthermore, it is likely that a fall in global sea level, a transition from reducing to oxidizing conditions in the ocean, and a cooling climate, all of which were closely related to the early Telychian Valgu Event, promoted the global development of marine red beds during this period.
Crossed products of C∗-algebras C(X,A) and their applications
Authors: Hua Jiajie
Published: February 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be an infinite compact metric space with finite covering dimension, let [Formula: see text] be a unital separable simple AH-algebra with no dimension growth, and denote by [Formula: see text] the [Formula: see text]-algebra of all continuous functions from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] Suppose that [Formula: see text] is a minimal group action and the induced [Formula: see text]-action on [Formula: see text] is free. Under certain conditions, we show the crossed product [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] has rational tracial rank zero and hence is classified by its Elliott invariant. Next, we show the following: Let [Formula: see text] be a Cantor set, let [Formula: see text] be a stably finite unital separable simple [Formula: see text]-algebra which is rationally TA[Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a class of separable unital [Formula: see text]-algebras which is closed under tensoring with finite dimensional [Formula: see text]-algebras and closed under taking unital hereditary sub-[Formula: see text]-algebras, and let [Formula: see text]. Under certain conditions, we conclude that [Formula: see text] is rationally TA[Formula: see text] Finally, we classify the crossed products of certain unital simple [Formula: see text]-algebras by using the crossed products of [Formula: see text].
An ecological dynamics rationale to explain home advantage in professional football
Authors: Gama José , Dias Gonçalo , Couceiro Micael , Passos Pedro , Davids Keith , Ribeiro João
Published: February 2016

Despite clear findings, research on home advantage in team sports lacks a comprehensive theoretical rationale for understanding why this phenomenon is so compelling. The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory theoretical rationale in ecological dynamics for the influence of home advantage observed in research on professional football. We recorded 30 competitive matches and analyzed 13958 passes, from one highly successful team in the Portuguese Premier League, during season 2010/2011. Performance data were analyzed using the Match Analysis Software—Amisco[Formula: see text] (version 3.3.7.25), allowing us to characterize team activity profiles. Results were interpreted from an ecological dynamics perspective, explaining how task and environmental constraints of a competitive football setting required performers to continuously co-adapt to teammate behaviors. Despite slight differences in percentage of ball possession when playing home or away, the number of passes achieved by the team, while in possession of the ball, was quite different between home or away venues. When playing at home, the number of passes performed by the team was considerably higher than when playing away. The explanation proposed in this study for a home advantage effect can be understood from studying interpersonal coordination tendencies of team sports players as agents in a complex adaptive system.
Counterexamples in multimarginal optimal transport with Coulomb cost and spherically symmetric data
Authors: Colombo Maria , Stra Federico
Published: February 2016

We disprove a conjecture in Density Functional Theory, relative to multimarginal optimal transport maps with Coulomb cost. In the case of spherically symmetric data, which model for instance Lithium and Beryllium atoms, we show that some special maps, introduced by Seidl, Gori-Giorgi and Savin are not always optimal in the corresponding transport problem. We also provide examples of maps satisfying optimality conditions for special classes of data.
Stochastic evolutionary differential games toward a systems theory of behavioral social dynamics
Authors: Marsan G. Ajmone , Bellomo N. , Gibelli L.
Published: February 2016

This paper proposes a systems approach to social sciences based on a mathematical framework derived from a generalization of the mathematical kinetic theory and of theoretical tools of game theory. Social systems are modeled as a living evolutionary ensemble composed of many individuals, who express specific strategies, cooperate, compete and might aggregate into groups which pursue a common interest. A critical analysis on the complexity features of social system is developed and a differential structure is derived to provide a general framework toward modeling. Then, a case study shows how the systems approach is applied. Moreover, it is shown how the theory leads to the interpretation and use of the so-called big data. Finally some research perspectives are brought to the attention of readers.
A Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy model for tumour growth with chemotaxis and active transport
Authors: Garcke Harald , Lam Kei Fong , Sitka Emanuel , Styles Vanessa
Published: February 2016

Using basic thermodynamic principles we derive a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy model for tumour growth including nutrient diffusion, chemotaxis, active transport, adhesion, apoptosis and proliferation. In contrast to earlier works, the model is based on a volume-averaged velocity and in particular includes active transport mechanisms which ensure thermodynamic consistency. We perform a formally matched asymptotic expansion and develop several sharp interface models. Some of them are classical and some are new which for example include a jump in the nutrient density at the interface. A linear stability analysis for a growing nucleus is performed and in particular the role of the new active transport term is analysed. Numerical computations are performed to study the influence of the active transport term for specific growth scenarios.
Six new mechanics corresponding to further shape theories
Authors: Anderson Edward
Published: February 2016

In this paper, suite of relational notions of shape are presented at the level of configuration space geometry, with corresponding new theories of shape mechanics and shape statistics. These further generalize two quite well known examples: (i) Kendall’s (metric) shape space with his shape statistics and Barbour’s mechanics thereupon. (ii) Leibnizian relational space alias metric scale-and-shape space to which corresponds Barbour–Bertotti mechanics. This paper’s new theories include, using the invariant and group namings, (iii) Angle alias conformal shape mechanics. (iv) Area ratio alias e shape mechanics. (v) Area alias e scale-and-shape mechanics. (iii)–(v) rest respectively on angle space, area-ratio space, and area space configuration spaces. Probability and statistics applications are also pointed to in outline.

(vi) Various supersymmetric counterparts of (i)–(v) are considered. Since supergravity differs considerably from GR-based conceptions of background independence, some of the new supersymmetric shape mechanics are compared with both. These reveal compatibility between supersymmetry and GR-based conceptions of background independence, at least within these simpler model arenas.
Velocity fluctuations of fission fragments
Authors: Llanes-Estrada Felipe J. , Carmona Belén Martínez , Martínez Jose L. Muñoz
Published: February 2016

We propose event by event velocity fluctuations of nuclear fission fragments as an additional interesting observable that gives access to the nuclear temperature in an independent way from spectral measurements and relates the diffusion and friction coefficients for the relative fragment coordinate in Kramers-like models (in which some aspects of fission can be understood as the diffusion of a collective variable through a potential barrier). We point out that neutron emission by the heavy fragments can be treated in effective theory if corrections to the velocity distribution are needed.
Weak charged and neutral current induced one pion production off the nucleon
Authors: Rafi Alam M. , Sajjad Athar M. , Chauhan S. , Singh S. K.
Published: February 2016

We present a study of neutrino/antineutrino induced charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) single pion production (SPP) off the nucleon. For this, we have considered [Formula: see text] resonance, nonresonant background (NRB) terms, other higher resonances like [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the NRB terms a microscopic approach based on [Formula: see text] nonlinear sigma model has been used. The vector form factors for the resonances are obtained by using the relationship between the electromagnetic resonance form factors and helicity amplitudes provided by MAID. Axial coupling [Formula: see text] in the case of [Formula: see text] resonance is obtained by fitting the ANL and BNL [Formula: see text]-deuteron reanalyzed scattering data. The results are presented with and without deuteron effect for the total scattering cross-sections for all possible channels, viz. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Dynamical fission following peripheral heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Strazzeri A. , Italiano A.
Published: February 2016

A closed-form theoretical approach describing in a single picture both the evaporation component and the fast nonequilibrium component of the sequential fission of projectile-like fragments in a peripheral heavy-ion collision is derived and then applied to the dynamical fission observed in the [Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text] semiperipheral collision at 35A[Formula: see text]MeV. Information on the reaction mechanism is obtained such as the opposite polarization effects and the estimate of the “formation-to-fast fission lifetimes” of the fissioning fragment.
Reverse Time Migration Using the Pseudospectral Time-Domain Algorithm
Authors: Xie Jiangang , Guo Zichao , Liu Hai , Liu Qing Huo
Published: February 2016

We propose a pre-stack reverse time migration (RTM) seismic imaging method using the pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) algorithm. Traditional pseudospectral method uses the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to calculate the spatial derivatives, but is limited by the wraparound effect due to the periodicity assumed in the FFT. The PSTD algorithm combines the pseudospectral method with a perfectly matched layer (PML) for acoustic waves. PML is a highly effective absorbing boundary condition that can eliminate the wraparound effect. It enables a wide application of the pseudospectral method to complex models. RTM based on the PSTD algorithm has advantages in the computational efficiency compared to traditional methods such as the second-order and high order finite difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. In this work, we implement the PSTD algorithm for acoustic wave equation based RTM. By applying the PSTD-RTM method to various seismic models and comparing it with RTM based on the eighth-order FDTD method, we find that PSTD-RTM method has better performance and saves more than 50% memory. The method is suitable for parallel computation, and has been accelerated by general purpose graphics processing unit.
On Sparse Reconstructions in Near-Field Acoustic Holography Using the Method of Superposition
Authors: Abusag Nadia M. , Chappell David J.
Published: February 2016

The method of superposition is proposed in combination with a sparse [Formula: see text] optimization algorithm with the aim of finding a sparse basis to accurately reconstruct the structural vibrations of a radiating object from a set of acoustic pressure values on a conformal surface in the near-field. The nature of the reconstructions generated by the method differs fundamentally from those generated via standard Tikhonov regularization in terms of the level of sparsity in the distribution of charge strengths specifying the basis. In many cases, the [Formula: see text] optimization leads to a solution basis whose size is only a small fraction of the total number of measured data points. The effects of changing the wavenumber, the internal source surface and the (noisy) acoustic pressure data in general will all be studied with reference to a numerical study on a cuboid of similar dimensions to a typical loudspeaker cabinet. The development of sparse and accurate reconstructions has a number of advantageous consequences including improved reconstructions from reduced data sets, the enhancement of numerical solution methods and wider applications in source identification problems.
ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AT OVERLAPPING LASER SHOCK PEENING
Authors: DAI F. Z. , ZHANG Z. D. , ZHOU J. Z. , LU J. Z. , ZHANG Y. K.
Published: February 2016

The overlapping effects on surface roughness are studied when samples are treated by laser shock peening (LSP). Surface roughness of overlapped circular laser spot is calculated by ISO 25178 height parameters. The usually used overlapping styles namely isosceles-right-triangle-style (AAP) and equilateral-triangle-style (AAA) are carefully investigated when the overlapping degree in x-axis ([Formula: see text]) is below 50%. Surface roughness of isosceles-right-triangle-style attains its minimum value at [Formula: see text] of 29.3%, and attains its maximum value at [Formula: see text] of 43.6%. Surface roughness of equilateral-triangle-style attains its minimum value at [Formula: see text] of 42.3%, and attains its maximum value at [Formula: see text] of 32%. Experimental results are well consistent with theoretical analysis.
Conformal semi-invariant submersions
Authors: Akyol Mehmet Akif , Şahin Bayram
Published: February 2016

As a generalization of semi-invariant submersions, we introduce conformal semi-invariant submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We give examples, investigate the geometry of foliations which arise from the definition of a conformal submersion and show that there are certain product structures on the total space of a conformal semi-invariant submersion. Moreover, we also check the harmonicity of such submersions and find necessary and sufficient conditions of a conformal semi-invariant submersion to be totally geodesic.
Finitary 2-categories associated with dual projection functors
Authors: Grensing Anna-Louise , Mazorchuk Volodymyr
Published: February 2016

We study finitary [Formula: see text]-categories associated to dual projection functors for finite-dimensional associative algebras. In the case of path algebras of admissible tree quivers (which includes all Dynkin quivers of type [Formula: see text]), we show that the monoid generated by dual projection functors is the Hecke–Kiselman monoid of the underlying quiver and also obtain a presentation for the monoid of indecomposable subbimodules of the identity bimodule.
Quantitative Rellich inequalities on Finsler—Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Kristály Alexandru , Repovš Dušan
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we are dealing with quantitative Rellich inequalities on Finsler–Hadamard manifolds where the remainder terms are expressed by means of the flag curvature. By exploring various arguments from Finsler geometry and PDEs on manifolds, we show that more weighty curvature implies more powerful improvements in Rellich inequalities. The sharpness of the involved constants is also studied. Our results complement those of Yang, Su and Kong [Hardy inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with negative curvature, Commun. Contemp. Math. 16 (2014), Article ID: 1350043, 24 pp.].
A note on generators of the endomorphism semigroup of an infinite countable chain
Authors: Dimitrova Ilinka , Fernandes Vítor H. , Koppitz Jörg
Published: February 2016

In this note, we consider the semigroup [Formula: see text] of all order endomorphisms of an infinite chain [Formula: see text] and the subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] of all transformations [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. For an infinite countable chain [Formula: see text], we give a necessary and sufficient condition on [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] to hold. We also present a sufficient condition on [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] to hold, for an arbitrary infinite chain [Formula: see text].
A quantum-chemical approach to Ni and Fe codoping in SnO2
Authors: Stashans Arvids , Chamba Alexander
Published: February 2016

Density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation using a Hubbard-like term was employed to study tin dioxide material containing an oxygen vacancy as an intrinsic defect and being codoped simultaneously with Fe and Ni atoms. Results on atomic displacements, electronic and magnetic features are obtained and discussed for different configurations taking into consideration relative impurity–impurity as well as impurity–vacancy positions. It appears that Fe atom addition to the system enlarges considerably a local magnetic moment due to the strong magnetic coupling between the Fe [Formula: see text] and O 2p states for the [Formula: see text] spin subsystem.
The Influence of Trust on Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Among Multigenerational Employees
Authors: Samadi Behrang , Wei Chong Chin , Wan Yusoff Wan Fadzilah
Published: February 2016

The knowledge of an employee is an important resource for the organisation and it is very vital for companies that employees share their knowledge. Knowledge sharing cannot happen easily, as it is an individual choice and cannot be forced. Previous studies have shown that organisational trust is a backbone of knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB). In this study, the new conceptual framework proposes drawing the relationship between factors that are influencing organisational trust and testing the relationships between organisational trust and KSB. This framework classified the most significant factors that influence KSB, both directly and indirectly, through an organisational trust. The research model of this study is built from an extensive review on the literature of knowledge management (KM), organisational behaviour, sociology, phycology, trust, and management studies. Since there are very few in-depth studies specifically on trust and KSB, research on trust from an organisational perspective was consulted. This study provides methodological contributions in the form of conceptualisations for organisational trust and KSB; in addition, it provides extra emphasis in details, by identifying the dimensions of KSB and organisational trust.
Ricci inheritance collineations in Kantowski–Sachs spacetimes
Authors: Hussain Tahir , Musharaf Aisha , Khan Suhail
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we investigate Ricci Inheritance Collineations (RICs) in Kantowski–Sachs spacetimes. RICs are discussed in detail when Ricci tensor is degenerate and nondegenerate. In both the cases, RICs are obtained and it turns out that the dimension of Lie algebra of RICs is finite when Ricci tensor is nondegenerate. In the case when Ricci tensor is degenerate, we get finite as well as infinite dimensional group of RICs.
Comparison of Electronic-Excitation-Induced Structural Modification of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials with that of Semiconductor Surfaces
Authors: Itoh Noriaki , Itoh Chihiro , Kanasaki Jun'ichi
Published: February 2016

Modification by electronic excitation of semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured materials, namely graphene, carbon nanotubes is reviewed. Defect creation in these materials takes place not by low-intensity photoirradiation, but by laser or electron irradiation. The defect creation processes are different from ordinary photochemical processes in molecules or in some solids like alkali halides, which can be modified by a localized exciton. It is pointed out that there are common features in defect creation by electronic excitation in semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-2D nanomaterials: the yield-intensity relation shows strong superlinearity for laser irradiation near the bandgap energies and linearity or weak superlinearity for higher energy electron or photon irradiation. These results are explained in terms of multi-hole localization, in which bonds are weakened more strongly and more energy is available upon recombination with trapped electrons in comparison with excitons. The multi-hole localized state is considered to be realized by the creation of dense excitons or by cascade excitation for laser irradiation and by multiple excitations or multiple exciton generation by single impacts for electron irradiation. The review includes also polymerization of C[Formula: see text] films by electronic excitation, which is induced by low-intensity photoirradiation as well as by laser or electron irradiation. The experimental observation that laser or electron irradiation polymerize C[Formula: see text] films differently from low-intensity photoirradiation is explained in terms of multi-hole localization similar to the defect formation mechanism. Although fragmentation of C[Formula: see text] is due to electronic excitation of the molecule, it is included in the review because its yield is strongly superlinear for laser irradiation near bandgap energies and weakly superlinear for high-energy electron or photon irradiation as for other cases.
Modeling of Temperature Dependence of Magnetization in TbFe Films — An Atomistic Spin Simulation Study
Authors: Jiao Xiankai , Zhang Zongzhi , Liu Yaowen
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we performed spin simulations at atomistic level to study the temperature dependent properties of perpendicularly magnetized TbFe thin films. The crystallographically amorphous feature of TbFe ferrimagnetic alloys is modeled by using a lattice system with disordered site occupation of rare earth (RE) and transition metal (TM) spins. The simulated Curie temperature ([Formula: see text]) is consistent well with the mean-field approximation theory. With the increase of Tb concentration, the [Formula: see text] decreases almost linearly, whereas the magnetization compensation temperature ([Formula: see text]) increases gradually until the [Formula: see text] value is reached. The inter-sublattice exchange coupling strength [Formula: see text] between the RE and TM atoms can significantly affect [Formula: see text], but has less impact on [Formula: see text]. With the increase of Tb concentration, the TbFe sample of high [Formula: see text] exhibits a much faster increase in [Formula: see text] than the sample with low [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we have tested the simulation code to model the laser pulse induced ultrafast nonequilibrium spin dynamics. As an example, the femto-second pulse laser induced demagnetization and recovery process is clearly reproduced. These features are in a good agreement with the experiments, indicating that the simulation model can capture the basic physics in describing the high temperature dependent magnetic property as well as the ultrafast spin dynamics.
Coverage Control for Mobile Sensor Networks with Input Saturation
Authors: Song Cheng , Liu Lu , Feng Gang
Published: February 2016

This paper addresses the coverage control problem for a network of mobile sensors with first-order discrete-time dynamics, where the goal is to minimize a coverage cost function which is defined as the largest distance between any point on a circle and its nearest sensor. Since in practice sensors’ moving speed is always upper bounded, there exist saturation constraints on the control inputs of the mobile sensors. In this paper, distributed coverage control laws with input saturation are developed to drive the sensors to the final configuration such that the coverage cost function is minimized. It is also shown that the spatial order of the mobile sensors is preserved throughout the network’s evolution. As a result, collision avoidance between mobile sensors is always guaranteed.
Search and Rescue Using Multiple Drones in Post-Disaster Situation
Authors: Cui Jin Q. , Phang Swee King , Ang Kevin Z. Y. , Wang Fei , Dong Xiangxu , Ke Yijie , Lai Shupeng , Li Kun , Li Xiang , Lin Jing , Liu Peidong , Pang Tao , Wang Kangli , Yang Zhaolin , Lin Feng , Chen Ben M.
Published: February 2016

We present the development and application of multiple autonomous aerial vehicles in urban search and rescue missions. The missions are designed by the 2014 International Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition, held in Delft, the Netherlands, August 2014. Different mission tasks are identified for search and rescue missions, such as aerial photography, low altitude flight in urban environment, indoor navigation and rooftop landing. These tasks are all of paramount importance for rescuers in a disaster-hit place. We have designed a team of micro aerial vehicles with specific configurations to meet the mission requirements. A range of key technologies have been developed, including robust controller design, real-time map stitching, indoor navigation and roof-top perching. The proposed solutions are successfully demonstrated in the competition.
The Impact of Water and Soil Salinity on Water Market Trading in the Southern Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Haensch Juliane , Wheeler Sarah Ann , Zuo Alec , Bjornlund Henning
Published: February 2016

Irrigators in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia face a salinity triple threat, namely: dryland salinity, surface-water, and groundwater salinity. Water trading has now been adopted to the point where it is a common adaptation tool used by the majority of irrigators in the Basin. This study uses a number of unique water market and spatial databases to investigate the association between the severity and extent of areas which suffer from salinity and permanent trade over time, holding other regional characteristics constant. It was found that larger volumes of permanent water were likely to be sold from areas suffering from higher dryland salinity. In addition, increases in the concentration of groundwater salinity was found to decrease volumes of surface-water entitlements sold, providing evidence that groundwater entitlements (where they are viable substitutes) have been increasingly used as substitutes for surface-water entitlements in recent years. Other key influences on water sales included water market prices and net rainfall.