bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurse–Community Health Worker Team Improves Diabetes Care in American Samoa
Authors: DePue Judith D. , Dunsiger Shira , Seiden Andrew D. , Blume Jeffrey , Rosen Rochelle K. , Goldstein Michael G. , Nu'usolia Ofeira , Tuitele John , McGarvey Stephen T.
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted, primary care–based nurse–community health worker (CHW) team intervention to support diabetes self-management on diabetes control and other biologic measures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Two hundred sixty-eight Samoan participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a community health center in American Samoa and were randomly assigned by village clusters to the nurse-CHW team intervention or to a wait-list control group that received usual care.

RESULTS

Participants had a mean age of 55 years, 62% were female, mean years of education were 12.5 years, 41% were employed, and mean HbA1c was 9.8% at baseline. At 12 months, mean HbA1c was significantly lower among CHW participants, compared with usual care, after adjusting for confounders (b = −0.53; SE = 0.21; P = 0.03). The odds of making a clinically significant improvement in HbA1c of at least 0.5% in the CHW group was twice the odds in the usual care group after controlling for confounders (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, weight, or waist circumference at 12 months between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

A culturally adapted nurse-CHW team intervention was able to significantly improve diabetes control in the U.S. Territory of American Samoa. This represents an important translation of an evidence-based model to a high-risk population and a resource-poor setting.
Responsiveness and Predictive Validity of the Hierarchical Balance Short Forms in People With Stroke
Authors: Yu Wan-Hui , Chen Kuan-Lin , Chou Yeh-Tai , Hsueh I-Ping , Hsieh Ching-Lin
Published: February 2013

Background

The lack of knowledge about the responsiveness and predictive validity of a set of Hierarchical Balance Short Forms (the HBSF) in people with stroke limits the utility of the HBSF in both clinical and research settings.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the responsiveness and predictive validity of the HBSF in people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke.

Design

A prospective cohort study was conducted.

Methods

Sixty-six participants completed both the 6-item HBSF and the 12-item Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) after admission to the rehabilitation ward and before hospital discharge. The standardized effect size (ES) and the standardized response mean (SRM) were used to investigate the internal responsiveness of the HBSF and the PASS. Changes in the Barthel Index and the mobility subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement were used as the external criteria for examining external responsiveness. Moreover, the admission scores on the HBSF and the PASS and the discharge scores on the Barthel Index and mobility subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement were analyzed to investigate the predictive validity of the 2 balance measures.

Results

The internal responsiveness of the HBSF was high (ES>0.9, SRM>1.6). The SRM of the HBSF was significantly larger than that of the PASS, whereas the ES of the HBSF was not significantly larger than that of the PASS. The external responsiveness and predictive validity of the HBSF were sufficient and similar to those of the PASS (external responsiveness: r≥.35; predictive validity: r≥.67).

Limitations

The convenience sampling of people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke may limit the generalization of the results.

Conclusions

The HBSF has sufficient responsiveness and predictive validity in people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke and is thus recommended for both clinicians and researchers.
Passive scene imaging of absorbing gases by narrowband dielectric filter modulation
Authors: Benton D. M.
Published: February 2013

This paper examines a method for locating within a scene a distribution of an absorbing gas using a passive imaging technique. An oscillatory modulation of the angle of a narrowband dielectric filter located in front of a camera imaging a scene, gives rise to an intensity modulation that differs in regions occupied by the absorbing gas. A preliminary low cost system has been constructed from readily available components which demonstrates how the location of gas within a scene can be implemented. Modelling of the system has been carried out, especially highlighting the transmission effects of the dielectric filter upon different regions of the image.
Wide-field common-path incoherent correlation microscopy with a perfect overlapping of interfering beams
Authors: Bouchal P. , Bouchal Z.
Published: February 2013

Incoherent correlation microscopy is recently discovered technique for digital imaging of three-dimensional objects in a quasi-monochromatic spatially incoherent light. Its operation is based on wavefront division carried out by a spatial light modulator and capturing correlation recordings of the observed scene. To achieve image reconstruction, at least a partial overlapping of the signal and reference waves created by the spatial light modulator is necessary. In the known experimental configurations, the overlapping of interfering beams is strongly reduced in off-axis areas of the object and the image can be reconstructed only in a very small portion of the field of view provided by the used microscope objective lens. Here, we propose and successfully demonstrate modified experimental system working with two-component relay optics inserted between the microscope objective and the spatial light modulator and providing full overlapping of correlated beams in all areas of the field of view of the objective lens. The benefits and applicability of the proposed system design are clearly demonstrated on the imaging of the USAF resolution targets.
The impact of adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery on atypical meningioma recurrence following aggressive microsurgical resection
Authors: Hardesty Douglas A. , Wolf Andrew B. , Brachman David G. , McBride Heyoung L. , Youssef Emad , Nakaji Peter , Porter Randall W. , Smith Kris A. , Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader
Published: February 2013

Object

Patients with atypical meningioma often undergo gross-total resection (GTR) at initial presentation, but the role of adjuvant radiation therapy remains unclear. The increasing prevalence of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the modern neurosurgical era has led to the use of routine postoperative radiation therapy in the absence of evidence-based guidelines. This study sought to define the long-term recurrence rate of atypical meningiomas and identify the value of SRS in affecting outcome.

Methods

The authors identified 228 patients with microsurgically treated atypical meningiomas who underwent a total of 257 resections at the Barrow Neurological Institute over the last 20 years. Atypical meningiomas were diagnosed according to current WHO criteria. Clinical and radiographic data were collected retrospectively.

Results

Median clinical and radiographic follow-up was 52 months. Gross-total resection, defined as Simpson Grade I or II resection, was achieved in 149 patients (58%). The median proliferative index was 6.9% (range 0.4%–20.6%). Overall 51 patients (22%) demonstrated tumor recurrence at a median of 20.2 months postoperatively. Seventy-one patients (31%) underwent adjuvant radiation postoperatively, with 32 patients (14%) receiving adjuvant SRS and 39 patients (17%) receiving adjuvant intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The recurrence rate for patients receiving SRS was 25% (8/32) and for IMRT was 18% (7/39), which was not significantly different from the overall group. Gross-total resection was predictive of progression-free survival (PFS; relative risk 0.255, p < 0.0001), but postoperative SRS was not associated with improved PFS in all patients or in only those with subtotal resections.

Conclusions

Atypical meningiomas are increasingly irradiated, even after complete or near-complete microsurgical resection. This analysis of the largest patient series to date suggests that close observation remains reasonable in the setting of aggressive microsurgical resection. Although postoperative adjuvant SRS did not significantly affect tumor recurrence rates in this experience, a larger cohort study with longer follow-up may reveal a therapeutic benefit in the future.
Decompressive craniectomy using gelatin film and future bone flap replacement
Authors: Oladunjoye Azeem O. , Schrot Rudolph J. , Zwienenberg-Lee Marike , Muizelaar J. Paul , Shahlaie Kiarash
Published: February 2013

Object

Decompressive craniectomy plays an important role in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Risks of decompressive craniectomy include those associated with cranioplasty, and may be related to adhesions that develop between the brain surface and overlying scalp and temporalis muscle. The authors report their institutional experience using a multilayered technique (collagen and gelatin film barriers) to facilitate safe and rapid cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 62 consecutive adult and pediatric patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy and subsequent cranioplasty between December 2007 and January 2011. Diagnoses included TBI, ischemic stroke, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. A detailed review of clinical charts was performed, including anesthesia records and radiographic study results.

Results

The majority of patients underwent unilateral hemicraniectomy (n = 56), with indications for surgery including midline shift (n = 37) or elevated intracranial pressure (n = 25). Multilayered decompressive craniectomy was safe and easy to perform, and was associated with a low complication rate, minimal operative time, and limited blood loss.

Conclusions

Decompressive craniectomy repair using an absorbable gelatin film barrier facilitates subsequent cranioplasty by preventing adhesions between intracranial contents and the overlying galea aponeurotica and temporalis muscle fascia. This technique makes cranioplasty dissection faster and potentially safer, which may improve clinical outcomes. The indications for gelatin film should be expanded to include placement in the epidural space after craniectomy.
Brain carcinoid metastases: outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Mallory Grant W. , Fang Shanna , Giannini Caterina , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Parney Ian F.
Published: February 2013

Object

Carcinoid tumors are rare and have generally been regarded as indolent neoplasms. Systemic disease is often incurable; however, patients may live years with this disease. Furthermore, metastatic brain lesions are extremely uncommon. As such, few series have examined outcomes and prognostic factors in those with brain involvement.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent primary treatment at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, for metastatic carcinoid tumors to the brain between 1986 and 2011. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. Cox proportional hazards were used to determine predictors of survival.

Results

Fifteen patients underwent primary treatment for metastatic carcinoid tumors to the brain between 1986 and 2011. Their mean age was 58 ± 12 years. Eighty percent (n = 12) of patients underwent surgery, whereas 2 received stereotactic radiosurgery and 1 had whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as the primary treatment. The median follow-up duration was 19 months (maximum 124 months). Systemic disease progression occurred in 73% and was the leading cause of death in known cases, while intracranial disease recurred in 40%. The median PFS and OS were 21 and 19 months, respectively. The use of adjuvant WBRT correlated with improved PFS (HR 0.15, CI 0.0074–0.95, p = 0.044). Those who underwent surgery as primary modalities trended toward longer progression-free intervals (p = 0.095), although this did not reach significance.

Conclusions

Metastatic carcinoid disease to the brain appears to have a worse prognosis than that of other extracranial metastases. Although there was a trend toward a survival advantage in patients who underwent surgery and WBRT, further study is needed to establish definitive treatment recommendations.
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease associated with moyamoya collateral formation: histopathological findings
Authors: Jiang Thomas , Perry Arie , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Derdeyn Colin P.
Published: February 2013

Atherosclerotic disease has been suspected as a cause of moyamoya disease in some patients but has not, to the authors' knowledge, been confirmed by pathological studies. The authors present the histopathological findings in a patient with moyamoya collateral formation associated with atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA). Typical atheromatous changes were evident in the distal ICA and proximal middle cerebral artery. In addition, intimal thickening, fibrosis, and abnormal internal elastic lamina were present in these vessels. These findings are common in moyamoya but not in atherosclerotic disease. Proliferation and enlargement of the lenticulostriate arteries in the basal ganglia was also identified. Moyamoya phenomenon secondary to atherosclerotic disease has similar histopathological features to idiopathic moyamoya phenomenon, both in the affected large basal arteries and lenticulostriate collaterals. These findings support the hypothesis advanced by Peerless that moyamoya is a 2-step process involving an obliterative vasculopathy of the terminal ICA and a secondary proliferative response.
Treating pediatric hydrocephalus in Australia: a 3-year hospital-based cost analysis and comparison with other studies
Authors: Pham Alan Chuong Q. , Fan Christine , Owler Brian K.
Published: February 2013

Object

The aim of this study was to quantify the financial costs of surgical intervention in patients with newly diagnosed hydrocephalus and patients with treatment failure or complications of previously treated hydrocephalus between 2007 and 2009 at the Children's Hospital at Westmead in Sydney, Australia.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent shunt insertion, shunt revision, treatment of an infected shunt, and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) between 2007 and 2009. Actual hospital costs associated with each inpatient stay were obtained from the accounting office of Children's Hospital at Westmead. Patients with hydrocephalus secondary to trauma, malignancy, or other complex conditions (except myelomeningocele) were excluded.

Results

Hydrocephalus-related procedures comprised approximately one-third of neurosurgical procedures performed each year. From 2007 to 2009, there were 192 admissions during which 300 procedures were performed for 162 patients. The total cost was $4.78 million (Australian) with an average cost of $1.59 million per year. The cost per admission for shunt insertion and ETV were similar ($13,905 vs $14,128, respectively). The average cost per admission for shunt revision was $9,753. However, shunt infection was associated with 40% of total costs, averaging $83,649 per admission. Management of patients with myelomeningocele undergoing insertion of shunt procedures in the same admission accounted for an average cost of $50,186.

Conclusions

Hydrocephalus is a chronic condition that imposes a significant and growing economic burden upon the Australian hospital system. Seventy-five percent of hydrocephalus-related hospital expenditure is used to surgically treat patients for complications or failure of previously treated hydrocephalus. Further research into the economic impact of pediatric hydrocephalus on the Australian health care system and concerted research efforts in the area of effective long-term surgical treatment and complication minimization are essential.
Functional outcomes of childhood dorsal rhizotomy in adults and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hurvitz Edward A. , Marciniak Christina M. , Daunter Alecia K. , Haapala Heidi J. , Stibb Stacy M. , McCormick Sarah F. , Muraszko Karin M. , Gaebler-Spira Deborah
Published: February 2013

Object

In this descriptive study the authors evaluated medical outcomes, interventions, satisfaction with life, and subjective impressions about selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in older adolescents and adults who had undergone the procedure as children.

Methods

A survey was administered to older adolescents (16–20 years old) and adults with CP who had undergone SDR between 1986 and 2000 at two academic centers. The patients or their caregivers participated in telephone or clinic interviews. Subjective impressions about the SDR and a history of post-SDR medical interventions were obtained. Current functional status, history and ratings of pain, educational achievement, living situation, and subjective health status were also recorded. The Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was administered.

Results

Eighty-eight participants, mean age 25.6 ± 4.8 years (mean ± standard deviation), were interviewed at a mean of 19.6 ± 3.0 years after surgery. The distribution of current reported Gross Motor Function Classification System levels was as follows: I, 7%; II, 18%; III, 23%; IV, 36%; and V, 16%. Moreover, 56% of respondents were living with parents and 25% were living alone. Thirty-five percent were employed, and 39% were still in school. The mean overall SWLS score was 26.0 ± 7.3, indicating a high level of satisfaction with life. According to 65% of the patients, the SDR was helpful; 31% were uncertain about the procedure's efficacy. Sixty-five percent would recommend the procedure to others. Fifty-eight percent reported excellent to very good health. Forty-four percent reported pain in the past week. Fifty-one percent reported chronic back pain in general. Logistic regression analysis suggested that an increased satisfaction with life was a predictor (p = 0.01) of an affirmative response to the question about recommending the procedure to others and that better overall health showed a trend toward being such a predictor (p = 0.08). Additional interventions were frequently performed after the SDR. Seventy-four percent of participants underwent orthopedic surgery. Thirty-eight percent were currently taking oral medications for tone, and 53% had received botulinum toxin injections for spasticity treatment. Thirteen patients (15%) had an intrathecal baclofen pump placed.

Conclusions

The majority of adults who had undergone SDR as children would recommend the procedure to others. Very few reported negative impressions of the procedure. Levels of satisfaction with life were generally high. Pain prevalence was similar to what has been reported in the literature for adults with cerebral palsy. Despite the SDR, further interventions, both surgical and nonsurgical, were used in the majority of patients.
Isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Wang Bonnie H. , Moon Seong-Jin , Wang Huan , Olivero William C.
Published: February 2013

Isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy is an extremely rare cause of swelling in the temple region, with only 7 cases reported in the literature. The authors report the eighth case of this unique occurrence in a 17-year-old boy and review the current literature.
Incidence of and risk factors for superior facet violation in minimally invasive versus open pedicle screw placement during transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a comparative analysis
Authors: Lau Darryl , Terman Samuel W. , Patel Rakesh , La Marca Frank , Park Paul
Published: February 2013

Object

A reported risk factor for adjacent-segment disease is injury to the superior facet joint from pedicle screw placement. Given that the facet joint is not typically visualized during percutaneous pedicle screw insertion, there is a concern for increased facet violation (FV) in minimally invasive fusion procedures. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the incidence of FV among patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF) and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The impact of O-arm navigation compared with traditional fluoroscopy on FV in MITLIF is also assessed, as are risk factors for FV.

Methods

The authors identified a consecutive population of patients who underwent MITLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw placement, as well as a matched cohort of patients who underwent open TLIF. Postoperative CT imaging was assessed to determine intraarticular FV due to pedicle screw placement. Patients were stratified into minimally invasive and open TLIF groups. Within the MITLIF group, the authors performed a subanalysis of image guidance methods used in cases of FV. Two-tailed Student t-test, ANOVA, chi-square testing, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 282 patients were identified, with a total of 564 superior pedicle screw placements. The MITLIF group consisted of 142 patients with 284 screw insertions. The open TLIF group consisted of 140 patients with 280 screw insertions. Overall, 21 (7.4%) of 282 patients experienced FV. A total of 21 screws violated a facet joint for a screw-based FV rate of 3.7% (21 of 564 screws). There were no significant differences between the MITLIF and open TLIF groups in the percentage of patients with FV (6.3% vs 8.6%) and or the percentage of screws with FV (3.2% vs 4.3%) (p = 0.475 and p = 0.484, respectively). Further stratifying the MI group into O-arm navigation and fluoroscopic guidance subgroups, the patient-based rates of FV were 10.8% (4 of 37 patients) and 4.8% (5 of 105 patients), respectively, and the screw-based rates of FV were 5.4% (4 of 74 screws) and 2.4% (5 of 210 screws), respectively. There was no significant difference between the subgroups with respect to patient-based or screw-based FV rates (p = 0.375 and p = 0.442, respectively). The O-arm group had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). BMI greater than 29.9 was independently associated with higher FV (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.65–8.53, p = 0.039).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that minimally invasive pedicle screw placement is not associated with higher rates of FV. Overall violation rates were similar in MITLIF and open TLIF. Higher BMI, however, was a risk factor for increased FV. The use of O-arm fluoroscopy with computer-assisted guidance did not significantly decrease the rate of FV.
The Strangest Cult: Material Forms of the Political Book through Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Thoburn Nicholas
Published: February 2013

This article investigates the complex object of the political book. Mobilising Deleuze and Guattari's typology of the book, the article assesses the material properties of four specific books (or sets of books): Mao Zedong's ‘Little Red Book’, Russian Futurist books, Antonin Artaud's paper ‘spells’, and Guy Debord and Asger Jorn's ‘anti-book’ Mémoires. Highly critical of the dominant mode of the political book, what they call the ‘root-book’, Deleuze and Guattari draw attention to the troubling religious structures and passions that order its field. Here the book internalises the world as the origin and source of truth and authority – a mode of existence as dear to the avant-garde as it is to religious formations: ‘Wagner, Mallarmé, and Joyce, Marx and Freud: still Bibles.’ But the book also features in Deleuze and Guattari's counter-figure of the ‘rhizome-book’, where they foreground the dynamic materiality of this medium: ‘A book has neither object nor subject; it is made of variously formed matters, and very different dates and speeds.’ The rhizome-book is an enticing concept for assessing the political book, yet Deleuze and Guattari pay little attention to the specific, concrete attributes of this medium. In focusing on the properties of particular books this article seeks to address that absence, and so contribute to an understanding of the political book that is fully engaged with its material forms.
Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review
Authors: Gaudin Amélie , Westra Sabrina , Loucks Cora , Janovicek Ken , Martin Ralph , Deen William
Published: February 2013

In light of the environmental challenges ahead, resilience of the most abundant field crop production systems must be improved to guarantee yield stability with more efficient use of nitrogen inputs, soil and water resources. Along with genetic and agronomic innovations, diversification of northern agro-ecosystems using inter-seeded legumes provides further opportunities to improve land management practices that sustain crop yields and their resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Benefits of legume cover crops have been known for decades and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is one of the most common and beneficial when frost-seeded under winter wheat in advance of maize in a rotation. However, its use has been declining mostly due to the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, concerns over competition with the main crop and the inability to fully capture red clover benefits due to difficulties in the persistence of uniform stands. In this manuscript, we first review the environmental, agronomic, rotational and economical benefits associated with inter-seeded red clover. Red clover adaptation to a wide array of common wheat-based rotations, its potential to mitigate the effects of land degradation in a changing climate and its integration into sustainable food production systems are discussed. We then identify areas of research with significant potential to impact cropping system profitability and sustainability.
Pulse Compression of Ultrashort UV Pulses by Self-Phase Modulation in Bulk Material
Authors: Krebs Nils , Pugliesi Igor , Riedle Eberhard
Published: February 2013

The bandwidth of ultrafast pulses in the UV is limited by the finite acceptance bandwidth of the nonlinear crystals used for their generation. For fundamental laser pulses it is well established that spectral broadening can be used to overcome intrinsic bandwidth limits. We show that self-phase modulation of UV pulses in bulk materials leads to large spectral broadening and allows for a significant reduction of the pulse duration. We find that for pulse energies in the range of a few μJ, a thin crystal is favorable due to the strong dispersion in the UV and the limitations set by self-focusing. In contrast to spectral broadening in gaseous media, the self-focus has to lie outside the crystal to avoid beam break up. We focus UV pulses into a 1 mm thick CaF2 crystal. For moderately short input pulses, a shortening factor up to 2.4 is achieved: the 120 fs long third harmonic output of a Ti:sapphire amplifier is compressed down to 50 fs FWHM. For a central wavelength of 315 nm, we generate pulses as short as 14.9 fs after compression with an UV pulse shaper. In both cases the resulting beam shape is close to Gaussian and fully usable for spectroscopic experiments. We use the pulses in a collinear 2D-UV experiment and clearly resolve vibronic off-diagonal peaks of the S2 1B2u vibronic progression of pyrene.
Rock Art Glossary: A Multilingual Dictionary, Expanded Second Edition (First Edition 2001). Edited by Robert G. Bednarik, Ahmed Achrati, Tang Huisheng, Alfred Muzzolini, George Dimitriadis, Dario Seglie, Fernando Coimbra, Yakov A. Sher and Mario Consens. Australian Rock Art Research Association, Inc., Melbourne, 2010; 274 Pages, in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish, with Translation Tables. Price $A 38.00, ISBN 978-0-646-53471-8
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: February 2013

This is the first dictionary compiled specifically for rock art research. It follows the publication of an English rock art glossary in the journal Rock Art Research in November 2000. To be adopted by the International Federation of Rock Art Organisations (IFRAO), it has been translated by some of the world’s foremost scholars in the field into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian. In a discipline that has hitherto been without an agreed terminology, even communication within a single language has been difficult. The proliferation of idiosyncratic terminologies of often academically isolated researchers, many of which have been used by only one scholar, has not only retarded progress and the transference of knowledge, it has led to countless misunderstandings and even personal feuds. The purpose of this dictionary is to create a single terminological standard as well as a cross-lingual uniformity of usage. It focuses particularly on scientific aspects, technical applications and epistemological rigour. It does not set out to create a terminological straitjacket for the discipline, but a common standard of reference, particularly in areas that have in the past been susceptible to greatly differing interpretations. This dictionary comprises sections in ten languages, each listing the same terms alphabetically. It also contains a table interlinking all of these languages, listing all terms explained. This translation table is organised alphabetically according to the English terms. The volume is indispensable for scientific translators, rock art scholars, archaeologists and others concerned with aspects of pre-Historic rock art, and is also intended for the guidance of students and authors working in this field.
High Level Ethanol Production by Nitrogen and Osmoprotectant Supplementation under Very High Gravity Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Chan-u-tit Pachaya , Laopaiboon Lakkana , Jaisil Prasit , Laopaiboon Pattana
Published: February 2013

Optimization of nutrient supplements i.e., yeast extract (1, 3 and 5 g·L−1), dried spent yeast (DSY: 4, 12 and 20 g·L−1) and osmoprotectant (glycine: 1, 3 and 5 g·L−1) to improve the efficiency of ethanol production from a synthetic medium under very high gravity (VHG) fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP 01 was performed using a statistical method, an L9 (34) orthogonal array design. The synthetic medium contained 280 g·L−1 of sucrose as a sole carbon source. When the fermentation was carried out at 30 °C, the ethanol concentration (P), yield (Yp/s) and productivity (Qp) without supplementation were 95.3 g·L−1, 0.49 g·g−1 and 1.70 g·L−1·h−1, respectively. According to the orthogonal results, the order of influence on the P and Qp values were yeast extract > glycine > DSY, and the optimum nutrient concentrations were yeast extract, 3; DSY, 4 and glycine, 5 g·L−1, respectively. The verification experiment using these parameters found that the P, Yp/s and Qp values were 119.9 g·L−1, 0.49 g g−1 and 2.14 g·L−1·h−1, respectively. These values were not different from those of the synthetic medium supplemented with 9 g·L−1 of yeast extract, indicating that DSY could be used to replace some amount of yeast extract. When sweet sorghum juice cv. KKU40 containing 280 g·L−1 of total sugar supplemented with the three nutrients at the optimum concentrations was used as the ethanol production medium, the P value (120.0 g·L−1) was not changed, but the Qp value was increased to 2.50 g·L−1·h−1.
Modeling Supermarket Refrigeration Systems for Demand-Side Management
Authors: Shafiei S. , Rasmussen Henrik , Stoustrup Jakob
Published: February 2013

Modeling of supermarket refrigeration systems for supervisory control in the smart grid is presented in this paper. A modular modeling approach is proposed in which each module is modeled and identified separately. The focus of the work is on estimating the power consumption of the system while estimating the cold reservoir temperatures as well. The models developed for each module as well as for the overall integrated system are validated by real data collected from a supermarket in Denmark. The results show that the model is able to estimate the actual electrical power consumption with a high fidelity. Moreover a simulation benchmark is introduced based on the produced model for demand-side management in smart grid. Finally, a potential application of the proposed benchmark in direct control of the power/energy consumption is presented by a simple simulation example.
Statistical Modeling of Large-Scale Signal Path Loss in Underwater Acoustic Networks
Authors: Llor Jesús , Malumbres Manuel
Published: February 2013

In an underwater acoustic channel, the propagation conditions are known to vary in time, causing the deviation of the received signal strength from the nominal value predicted by a deterministic propagation model. To facilitate a large-scale system design in such conditions (e.g., power allocation), we have developed a statistical propagation model in which the transmission loss is treated as a random variable. By applying repetitive computation to the acoustic field, using ray tracing for a set of varying environmental conditions (surface height, wave activity, small node displacements around nominal locations, etc.), an ensemble of transmission losses is compiled and later used to infer the statistical model parameters. A reasonable agreement is found with log-normal distribution, whose mean obeys a log-distance increases, and whose variance appears to be constant for a certain range of inter-node distances in a given deployment location. The statistical model is deemed useful for higher-level system planning, where simulation is needed to assess the performance of candidate network protocols under various resource allocation policies, i.e., to determine the transmit power and bandwidth allocation necessary to achieve a desired level of performance (connectivity, throughput, reliability, etc.).
The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Project
Authors: Thorne J. , Jabs D. , Belfort R. , Dick A. , Gangaputra S. , Nussenblatt R. , Okada A. , Rosenbaum J. , Trusko B. ,   for The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Project
Published: February 2013

Background: Given the recent increased focus on evidence-based medicine, it is critical that diseases and syndromes have accurate and complete descriptions, including standardized and widely accepted terminologies. Standardizing these descriptions and terminologies is necessary to develop tools such as computerized data entry forms and classification criteria. This need is especially true for diseases that are relatively uncommon, such as uveitis.

Objectives: To develop a standardized and internationally accepted terminology for the field of uveitis.

Methods: The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group (WG) is an international group of 79 uveitis experts from 18 countries and 62 clinical centers. Initial terminology was developed utilizing a “modified” green field approach, which was enhanced through web-based surveys and teleconferences via a “modified” Delphi technique. Terms were mapped provisionally into ontologic dimensions for each syndrome. The Working Group then met and utilized nominal group techniques as a formalized method of finalizing the mappings.

Results: Mapping of terms into dimensions to describe 28 major uveitic diseases was confirmed using nominal group techniques (achieving super-majority consensus) for each of the diseases at a meeting of the entire WG.

Conclusions: The SUN WG utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a stand ardized and internationally accepted terminology for the uveitides.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN AFFILIATES AND THE INVESTMENT DECISION: TWO QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
Authors: Merino Fernando
Published: February 2013

This paper analyses the ownership structure of foreign affiliates of Spanish firms. In contrast to previous studies on the participation degree, the paper highlights the importance of the previous decision to invest abroad. To do so, an econometric model with a limited dependent variable helps to show that to ignore the previous decision modifies the conclusions of the empirical analyses that raise an empirical model over a sample of firms with foreign affiliates. Additionally, the paper analyses in detail the importance of the cultural and political-legal differences between home and host countries that justify a different type of participation in equity of foreign affiliates. A clear implication for future research in this field is the need to reconsider the econometric approach to include the investment decision. As the paper has shown, a double-hurdle model provides notably different results than the usual approaches, which in this case are closer to the theoretical literature insights.
La prise en charge pénitentiaire des délinquants sexuels sous le sceau de la gestion des risques et de la lutte contre la récidive
Authors: Gourmelon Nathalie
Published: February 2013

Partant de la grille de lecture de la « nouvelle pénologie », cet article propose une analyse de l’évolution de la prise en charge psychiatrique et sociale en milieu pénitentiaire des délinquants sexuels. Le traitement psychothérapeutique comme le traitement social, réhabilitatif, se décalent aujourd’hui vers un accompagnement psycho-socio-éducatif via des techniques cognitivo-comportementalistes, plus inscrit dans une perspective pragmatique de gestion des risques et de lutte contre la récidive. Ce mouvement interroge nombre de professionnels mais sa généralisation renvoie aussi aux paradoxes originels de ces domaines de pratique.
La production d'un ordre instrumental
Authors: Lorenc Valcarce Federico
Published: February 2013

Cet article analyse la production d’un ordre instrumental dans des situations d’interaction entre les agents de sécurité privée, les commanditaires de leurs services et les différentes catégories de publics. Les dispositifs de sécurisation – qui combinent des activités humaines et des objets techniques – s’appuient sur des principes intellectuels de définition de la réalité dans le cadre d’une gestion rationnelle des risques. Loin de se charger principalement du contrôle de la délinquance, les personnels de sécurité privée sont plutôt concernés par la prévention des pertes, le maintien de l’ordre et la prestation de services généraux aux différentes catégories du public auxquelles ils sont confrontés sur le terrain.
De la Critique endogène à l'empathie critique. Retour sur un itinéraire
Authors: Barrère Anne
Published: February 2013

Résumé À partir de l’itinéraire professionnel de l’auteur, enseignante de Lettres dans l’enseignement secondaire pendant quinze ans, avant d’être enseignante-chercheuse en sociologie de l’éducation, il s’agit de s’interroger sur un aspect particulier des transformations exigées par une recherche prenant pour objet son propre milieu professionnel. Dans le cas spécifique du milieu enseignant, fortement auto-critique et divisé, le dégagement des catégories du milieu se traduit forcément par une « mise à distance » de la critique des autres enseignants, au profit de la construction progressive d’une empathie avec eux.
Familiarité et connaissance du terrain en ethnographie de l'école. L'ancien instituteur est-il meilleur ethnographe ?
Authors: Marchive Alain
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’auteur, ancien instituteur, examine les rapports entre sa con-naissance « intime » du monde de l’école, acquise au cours de son expérience professionnelle antérieure, et son travail de recherche. Cette entrée est l’occasion d’examiner la question plus générique des rapports entre la nature de la familiarité avec le terrain et la recherche ethnographique. L’étude de ces rapports conduit à poser un certain nombre de questions méthodologiques et épistémologiques. L’auteur examine différentes formes de la familiarité et leurs effets spécifiques sur la recherche. Sans dire que l’affiliation, lointaine ou récente, est une condition de la recherche ethnographique, il soutient qu’une certaine forme de familiarité (non instrumentale) s’avère nécessaire pour rapprocher, sans les confondre, le monde du chercheur et le monde du praticien.
Les Dynamiques de la familiarité dans les démarches de recherche
Authors: Guigue Michèle
Published: February 2013

Résumé Conduire une recherche dans un univers familier, comme c’est le cas dans des démarches mises en œuvre par des professionnels du domaine et du terrain étudiés, suppose de mettre à l’écart des évidences aveuglantes, des savoirs encombrants. Pour ce faire, des classiques de la sociologie prônent « l’ignorance méthodique » tout en en reconnaissant les difficultés. À l’encontre de cette orientation intellectualiste, ce texte propose de se fonder sur les théories de l’engagement. Celles-ci permettent de penser la dynamique de la recherche, en quelque sorte à l’envers, à partir de pratiques concrètes et systématiques. Ainsi la posture intellectuelle de chercheur peut se construire, non pas en conflit frontal avec celle de professionnel, mais à côté, et sur un socle commun, celui des manières de faire : manières de faire professionnelles, manières de faire scientifiques, tout particulièrement celles de collecte de données.
Du laboratoire au miroir : quand l'Afrique subsaharienne construit l'Europe stratégique
Authors: Nivet Bastien
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’Afrique subsaharienne a émergé depuis dix ans comme terrain d’expérimentation et espace de légitimation des politiques européennes naissantes dans les domaines des affaires étrangères, de la sécurité et de la défense. Construire l’autre en se construisant soi-même est ainsi le pari osé de l’Union européenne (UE) en Afrique. Des formes de résistances africaines inattendues aux ambitions de l’Europe, à ses agendas et hypothèses d’action, font que le laboratoire a finalement joué son rôle par l’absurde, révélant des erreurs de conceptualisation, de processus ou de mise en œuvre de l’action internationale de l’UE. L’Afrique devient le miroir de l’UE.
The Role of the Consulting Psychiatrist in Assessment of Patient Decision-Making Capacity
Authors: Goldman Larry S.
Published: February 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Understand the role of the psychiatric consultant in the overall process of assessing and determining decision-making capacity.

2.

Appreciate the legal and ethical principles that underlie the assessment of decision making.

3.

Know the most common conditions and situations that interfere with decision-making and how to assess their role in the patient’s decision-making capacities.

There is a broad consensus in the medical and legal communities that adult patients have the right to make decisions about their own medical care, including the right to refuse medically recommended and even life-saving interventions.
1–3
Much of the time, in clinical settings, physicians understand and accept the patient’s decisions, often because the stakes are modest or because the decision appears reasonable.
Somatization Disorder: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Dinwiddie Stephen H.
Published: February 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Understand the conceptual development of somatization disorder.

2.

Differentiate between “somatization” as a psychological process from characteristics of patients who repeatedly and differentially present with medically unexplained symptoms.

3.

Become familiar with principles of treatment of the individual with somatization disorder.

Patients with somatoform disorders have long been known to disproportionately access medical care, with resultant increase in treatment costs and risk of iatrogenic complications of treatment.
1
An Examination of Successful Aging among Southern Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Troutman-Jordan Meredith , Nies Mary A. , Davis Boyd
Published: February 2013

Research on successful aging in minority older adults and those from certain regions of the United States, such as the South, is lacking. It is important to learn whether disparities exist in Southern Black older adults’ perceptions of successful aging compared to those of majority older adults. Thus, this study examined successful aging using focus groups to obtain a regionally and racially sensitive understanding of the phenomenon. Focus group sessions were facilitated with Southern Black and White older adults with questions on successful aging, using content analysis to interpret the findings. Four central themes were found: Connecting and Relating; Temporality; Perception and Interpretation; and Activity. Beliefs and decisions about managing oneself through life events, including health problems and disability, may have a major influence on the trajectory of progressive, chronic illness, and consequently, successful aging.
BLAST Model: An Innovative Approach to Prepare Second-Degree Accelerated BSN Students for Inpatient Psychiatric Clinical Experiences
Authors: Lang Carol S. , Hahn Joyce A.
Published: February 2013

This article describes the design, development, and implementation of an innovative teaching/learning model involving integration of classroom teaching, clinical simulation, and debriefing/critical thinking to prepare accelerated baccalaureate nursing students for clinical practice experiences in the inpatient psychiatric setting. Lessons learned and future directions for simulation experiences involving standardized patient scenarios in undergraduate psychiatric nursing education are shared.
Differences in Automated and Manual Blood Pressure Measurement in Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Suokhrie Lucy (Neinguii) , Reed Carole-Rae , Emory Carolyn , White Rosemarie , Moriarity Carol T. , Mayberry Jamie
Published: February 2013

Few studies have been conducted recently with noncritically ill patients evaluating commonly used automated blood pressure (BP) devices. The purpose of this study was to compare BP values obtained using a manual sphygmomanometer versus an oscillometric automated electronic BP device on an acute care psychiatry unit. A method-comparison design was used, and data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. Outliers were removed, resulting in 39 participants for analyses of systolic readings and 41 participants for diastolic readings. Paired
t
tests revealed a significant difference in manual versus automatic systolic BP readings (
p
< 0.05). Automated readings averaged 3.9 points higher. No significant differences in diastolic readings (
p
= 0.72) were found. Care must be taken in using automated or manual BP readings to make important clinical decisions. Based on these findings, a protocol was instituted in an acute care psychiatry unit indicating that BP must be measured manually for patients with medication-hold parameters for BP.
Collision tumour; Papillary thyroid cancer colliding with squamous oesophageal cancer
Authors: Milhan ABM , Sheriff AMM , Jayawikrama MMA
Published: February 2013

Collision tumor is a tumour mass that contains more than one histologically distinct independent malignancies. Collision tumour in the thyroid have been reported involving papillary and medullary carcinoma or papillary and follicular carcinoma or papillary and primary squamous carcinoma. We report a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma colliding with squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma in the neck. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjo.v3i1.5215 Ceylon Journal of Otolaryngology Vol.3(1) 2013 pp.27-28
Perichondrial graft under-layer Myringoplasty
Authors: Jayasuriya C
Published: February 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjo.v3i1.5217 Ceylon Journal of Otolaryngology Vol.3(1) 2013 pp.31-33