bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Happiness and Life Satisfaction among University Teacher-Trainees on Internship
Authors: Kobusingye Loyce Kiiza , Okeju John
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the factors that drive happiness and life satisfaction among university teacher trainees on school practice internship. It was a purely qualitative study that employed explorative methods and a phenomenological design because it dealt with the subjective experiences about happiness and life satisfaction during internship as a phenomenon. It was conducted on a population of 25 participants drawn from a total population of about 700 teacher trainees on internship placement. The respondents were selected using both purposive and convenient sampling technique. These methods were preferred because purposively, the respondents were teacher trainees on internship and conveniently, they were under the supervision of the corresponding author. Data was collected using in depth interviews and analysed using themes and narratives drawn from the transcribed data. Results’ presentation, analysis and discussions was done concurrently. The findings revealed that happiness and life satisfaction among teacher trainees on internship school practice placement is determined by economic and financial drivers, supervision processes, collegial social support and connections, student or learner attributes, logistical provisions and follow up factors. As a result of the findings, universities invested in teacher training and schools hosting internship teacher trainees are required to boost the university-based and school-based factors in order to promote happiness and life satisfaction among the trainees respectively through provision of teaching practice logistics, supervisor support and evaluation, student/learner discipline, as conditions aimed at enhancing happiness, for the end goals of academic achievement
Reading Comprehension Activities in the Ugandan English as a Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Rugyema Rodney
Published: October 2024

The study examines the reading comprehension activities in the Ugandan English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. It particularly analyses the activities that the learners of EFL participate in as part of their reading comprehension lessons. The study focusses on EFL learners from countries such as Congo, Eritrea, South Sudan, and Ethiopia, among others studying in Ugandan adult language schools. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the reading comprehension activities in the Ugandan EFL classroom and to establish the learners’ response to the reading comprehension activities used in the EFL class. Drawing on the transactional theory, the study analyses the reading comprehension activities and the learners’ response to them. The findings indicate that the most profound activities in the classes were pre-reading activities. In their order of frequency, pre-reading activities were the most profound in the classes observed, followed by while-reading and the post-reading activities, which were the least used. In the classes where reading activities were used, they excited the majority of the EFL learners and they paid attention to the lesson. The learners’ response to the activities was diverse with the majority expressing interest in the activities as others chose not to participate at all. The study recommends the use of more reading comprehension activities especially at the while- and post-reading comprehension stages of the lessons which were lacking in most of the classes observed. It further recommends involving the learners and putting into consideration their views during the identification and selection of reading comprehension activities to ensure their maximum participation in the reading comprehension activities
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Qin-Yi , Zhang Yan , Qiao Dan , Song Xia , Shi Yang , Li Rong-Qi , Zhang Ying-Fang , Zhang Sheng-Xiao
Published: October 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune joint disease with systemic manifestations. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of RA. However, the specific changes in the gut microbiota in RA patients remain poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, and CNKI from the time the databases were created until October, 2023. To evaluate changes in α-diversity and the abundance of certain microbiota families in RA, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculations were made. Results: Firstly, we evaluated the changes in α-diversity of gut microbes in patients with RA compared to healthy controls. Our analysis of 18 studies revealed a significant decrease in richness and evenness among RA patients. Importantly, the subgroup analysis suggested the decrease in α-diversity was more significant in treatment naïve patients rather than those who received anti-rheumatic medication. Additionally, in the subgroup analysis of 316 patients stratified by baseline disease activity, no significant differences in α-diversity were detected between groups. Discussion: Our analysis further evidence of altered α-diversity and the relative abundance of specific bacteria in RA. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of RA. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the gut microbiota in RA management.
Gene action and hybrid vigour for yield, yield components and tolerance to the Two-Spotted Spider mite in summer squash
Authors: Soliman Abeer A.El.K. , Hassan Dalia M.
Published: October 2024

An investigation was conducted at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm in the Kaliobia Governorate from 2021 to 2023 with an aim to evaluate the performance of six inbred lines of summer squash and their fifteen crosses in both open field and plastic greenhouse conditions. The study spanned two successive summer seasons (2022 and 2023) and focused on assessing horticultural traits and resistance levels to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Significant variations were observed in the mean performance of all traits among different genotypes. Analysis revealed significant differences in both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for all studied traits, except for the number of days to anthesis of the first female flower, indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive gene effects in traits inheritance. In the plastic greenhouse, genotype P3 exhibited the highest resistance with an average of 10.6 mites per 2 inches², while the cross P2 × P6 showed tolerance with an average of 4.4 mites per 2 inches². This study highlights the potential of new summer squash hybrids with desirable horticultural traits and resistance to the two-spotted spider mite. Additionally, parent 222/2 (P1) demonstrated the best combining ability for all traits, while parents 264 (P5) and 240/3 (P4) were the most effective combiners for total yield. Breeders may leverage these parents for genetic enhancement and the production of hybrids with superior horticultural qualities. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for researchers, breeders and farmers involved in the cultivation, breeding and utilization of summer squash in Egypt.
An insight into the trend and instability of processed fruits export from India
Authors: Keerthika B. , Thilagavathi M. , Rani C. Indu , Prahadeeswaran M. , Vasanthi R.
Published: October 2024

India is one of the world’s leading fruit and vegetable producers after China owing to its diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, the 20-30 percent of the produce is wasted because of its perishability. The processed form of fruits is the most convenient for storage and export owing to its demand in foreign countries. Hence, this study analyzed the growth and instability of different processed fruit exports in India from 2001-02 to 2022-23. The Compound Annual Growth rates showed that exports increased overall growth rate, with a higher growth rate for jam, jelly and marmalades at 12 percent, followed by dried fruits (9 percent) and mango pulp (0.08 percent) in quantity exported. The instability was calculated using the Cuddy-Della Index for processed fruits’ export values (MT). It was realized from the result that the mango pulp category showed high instability in the overall export with Cuddy-Della Index value of 26.16 percent. In contrast, jam, jelly, marmalades, and dried fruits showed instability of 23.86 percent and 24.8 percent, respectively. This study concluded that proper infrastructure, cold chain, and supply chain for horticultural commodities should be developed for destination-specific production of processed fruits, as this could lead India to compete with global exporters and explore new alternate markets for the produce.
ОРИЕНТАЛИЗМЫ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ГРУППЫ «ВЕРХНЯЯ ОДЕЖДА» В ЮЖНОСЛАВЯНСКОЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ
Authors: И.В. Кузнецова
Published: October 2024

В работе рассматриваются фразеологические единицы народов Южной Славии с компонентами – наименованиями верхней одежды и ее деталей ориентального происхождения на фоне других языков. Эта вестиментарная лексика вошла в принимающие языки во время Османской империи и у славян Балкан настолько адаптировалась, что давно не воспринимается как чужеродная. Цель статьи – показать фразеологический потенциалназваний верхней одежды и ее деталей у южных славян Балканского полуострова, вошедших в их словари в период владычества Блистательной Порты. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью комплексного изучения фразеологии южных славян для выявления универсального и идиоэтничного в этой сфере. Южнославянские примеры взяты из словарных источников и научных статей. Методы обработки фразеологического материала – компонентный, синхронно-сопоставительный, структурно-семантический, структурно-типологический. Слова, обозначающие предметы одежды, иллюстрируют разную фразообразовательную активность. Некоторые вестиментарные лексемы ориентального происхождения запечатлены только в диалектных фразеологизмах. Наблюдается эвфемистическое употребление как названий деталей одежды, так и реалий, не имеющих отношения к вестиментарной лексике. Анализ выявил межъязыковую общность мотивационных идей части структурно-семантических моделей вестиментарных фразеологизмов, а также известные лишь в одной из странБалканского полуострова обороты.

The work examines the phraseological units of the peoples of South Slavia with components – names of outerwear and its details of oriental origin against the background of other languages. This vestimental vocabulary entered the host languages during the Ottoman Empire and was so adapted by the Slavs of the Balkans that it has not been perceived as foreign for a long time. The purpose of the article is to show the phraseological potential of the names of outerwear and its details among the southern Slavs of the Balkan Peninsula, which entered their dictionaries during the reign of the Brilliant Porte. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the phraseology of the South Slavs in order to identify the universal and idioethnic in this area. South Slavic examples are taken from dictionary sources and scientific articles. The methods of processing phraseological material are component, synchronous-comparative, structural-semantic, structural-typological. The words denoting garments illustrate different phraseological and educational activity. Some vestigial lexemes of oriental origin are imprinted only in dialectal phraseological units. There is a euphemistic use of both names of clothing details and realities that are not related to vestimental vocabulary. The analysis revealed an interlanguage community of motivational ideas of a part of the structural and semantic models of vestimental phraseological units, as well as phrases known only in one of the countries of the Balkan Peninsula.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ГОРОДСКОГО ТЕКСТА В РОМАНЕ Д. ДЕФО «РАДОСТИ И ГОРЕСТИ ЗНАМЕНИТОЙ МОЛЛЬ ФЛЕНДЕРС»
Authors: И.Н. Мартынова
Published: October 2024

Настоящая статья посвящена рассмотрению лингвистических средств построения городского текста в романе Д. Дефо «Радости и горести знаменитой Молль Флендерс». Исследование особенностей подобного рода текста позволяет глубже интерпретировать литературные произведения, выявлять в них скрытые смыслы. Данный тип анализа также помогает установить связь между текстом романа или повести и культурой той эпохи, в которой создано произведение. Образ города активно изучается на примере произведений русской литературы. Также имеются описания городского текста в работах зарубежных, в частности, англоязычных авторов. Настоящая работа призвана расширить имеющиеся исследования. Для достижения этой цели изучен роман Д. Дефо «Радости и горести знаменитой Молль Флендерс» [12]. В статье применялись методы теоретического, когнитивного, стилистического, лингвистического и контекстуального анализа. Исследование показало, что образ города в романе Д. Дефо создается при помощи различных лингвистических средств, преобладающими среди которых выступают стилистические приемы. Атмосфера города, подробности ее жизни умело передаются при помощи структуры предложений и урбанонимов. Все это позволяет читателю почувствовать свое присутствие в городской среде Лондона XVIII столетия.

This article is devoted to the linguistic means of constructing the urban text in the novel “The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders” by D. Defoe. The study of urban text is given considerable attention in modern Russian linguistics. The study of the features of the urban text allows for a deeper interpretation of literary works and the identification of their hidden meanings. This type of analysis also helps to establish a connection between the text of a novel or story and the culture of the era in which the work was created. The image of the city is actively studied using the example of works of Russian literature. There are also descriptions of the urban text in the works of English-speaking authors. This work is intended to expand on these studies. To achieve this goal, the novel “The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders” by D. Defoe [12] was studied. In the course of the study, the methods of theoretical analysis, the method of cognitive analysis, stylistic, linguistic and contextual analysis were used. The study showed that the image of the city in the novel by D. Defoe is created using various linguistic means, the predominant ones being stylistic means. Also, the atmosphere of the city and the details of city life are skillfully conveyed using the structure of sentences and urbanonyms. All this allows the reader to feel his presence in the urban environment of London in the 18th century.
К ПОНЯТИЮ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ТРАЕКТОРИИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: С.С. Польская
Published: October 2024

Данная статья затрагивает вопрос профессиональной траектории преподавателей университетов и их возможной направленности. Изменения, происходящие в обществе и в системе высшего образования, не могут не затрагивать профессию педагога высшей школы, которая вопреки традиционно сложившимся взглядам обладает возможностями профессионального развития. Поскольку именно преподаватель вуза является тем, кто формирует взгляды и ценности новых поколений, передавая им необходимые знания и компетенции и создавая участников рынка труда, которые готовы к вызовам современного общества, актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью более четкой формулировки собственного профессионального пути педагога. Посредством анализа развития понятия «профессиональная траектория высшей школы» в диахронии и синхронии, с учетом генезиса данного явления как в зарубежных, так и в отечественных исследованиях, дается более развернутое его толкование, при этом подчеркивается роль профессиональной идентичности преподающего. В результате, имея в распоряжении более четкое определение профессиональной траектории, а также используя существующую классификацию карьерных траекторий, университетские преподаватели смогут осуществлять свою деятельность с большей эффективностью, получив при этом возможность разнонаправленного роста, личностной реализации и стабильной занятости.

The given article raises the issue of faculty professional trajectory and a potential focus thereof. Various societal transformations couldn’t help affecting the profession of university teachers and the latter, in contrast to a conventional view, can also boast career development and growth. Since it is the faculty who form values and perspectives of new generations, transferring necessary knowledge and competences and ‘molding’ future workforce ready for contemporary challenges, relevance of this study is attributed to the necessity of clearer definition of a university teacher professional trajectory, which will equip the faculty with the opportunity of goal setting, efficient professional development and higher efficacy of their performance. Through the analysis of faculty professional trajectory concept both synchronically and diachronically as well as taking into account the way this concept was developed by both foreign and Russian researchers, we provide a more comprehensive interpretation thereof, with the role of university teachers’ professional identity being emphasized. As a result, having at their disposal a more cognizable concept of professional trajectory, university teachers will be able to perform with more efficacy, simultaneously obtaining the opportunity of diverse types of professional growth, personal fulfillment and employment stability.
Pretesting of Printed Information, Education and Communication Materials among Diabetic Patients (30 to 80) Years Old in a Selected Ward, South Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mandal Rajdip , Ghosh Shri Subhojit
Published: October 2024

 Background:
In India, the (IEC) Information, Education & Communication strategy is designed to enhance public awareness and disseminate crucial information about the various benefits offered under the different schemes and programs initiated by the Ministry. This strategy plays a pivotal role in guiding citizens on effectively accessing these benefits, ensuring that the intended population is well-informed and empowered to take advantage of the available resources. A brief study was conducted to pretest the IEC material related to Diabetes Mellitus in a specific ward in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Following this, we will evaluate and analyse the IEC material.

 Methods:
A locality‑based cross‑sectional mix method study was conducted in a selected ward, South Kolkata, West Bengal from 10/05/2024 to 31/05/2024. A predesigned pretested semi‑structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative variables.Data were collected through personal face-to-face interviews using Epi‑Collect 5 and analysed using EXCEL and SPSS.

 Result:
Out of 20 study participants, Cent per cent(20) of study participants voted that the IEC material is attractive.The brochure is interesting enough to attract andholdtheattentionofthetargetaudience,participants likeit.severalmessagesattractthemost attention. 95%(19)clearly, understand,almost comprehensible.Centpercent(20)of participants acceptedthatIECmaterialisnotoffensive/inappropriate for the individuals or community. The brochure is perceived byindividuals inthe targetaudience.Theyfeel that the brochure ismade for themselves or made for those who are suffering from diabetic mellitus. Cent per cent(20)oftheIECmaterialisrelevant.Centpercent(20) target audience opined that call to action regarding pretestingIECmaterial. Thetargetaudienceisthosesufferingfromdiabeticmellitusandcomplications. Cent per cent(20) of the brochure can convince the study participants to undertake the desired behaviour.25%(5)targetaudience opined thatbrochures regarding diabetic mellitus should be improved.

 Conclusion:
In this short study, we discovered that the use of (Brochure)IEC materials was affected by a variety of factors. Therefore, essential to focus on these IEC materials and strive for enhancements in their quality. Improving the quality of brochures can lead to better comprehension and engagement among the target audience. By addressing the many specific qualitative variables that influence their effectiveness, we can ensure that these materials serve their intended purpose more effectively. This will not only facilitate better communication but also promote a deeper understanding of the information being conveyed. This brochure(IEC) material could be implemented after improving quality in a selected ward, South Kolkata, West Bengal.
The Impact of HRM Practices on Employee Performance: A Study on Readymade Garments Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Arifuzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Shoriful , Hossain SM Forhad , Islam Md. Atikul
Published: October 2024

This study explores the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on employee performance in the Readymade Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh, employing qualitative data collection methods to gain in-depth insights. As the RMG sector plays a pivotal role in Bangladesh’s economy, understanding how HRM practices influence employee performance is essential for organizational growth and effectiveness. Data were collected through semi- structured interviews with HR managers, team leaders, and employees from various RMG firms, as well as focus group discussions. The research focused on key HRM practices including recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and benefits, and employee relations. These practices were examined to understand their perceived impact on employee performance, such as job satisfaction, productivity and motivation. The qualitative analysis reveals that effective recruitment and selection practices are crucial in aligning employee skills with job requirements, leading to higher performance levels. Comprehensive training programs are valued for enhancing skills and boosting confidence, which positively affects productivity. Transparent and fair performance appraisals are seen as motivating employees and fostering a sense of achievement. Competitive compensation and supportive employee relations contribute to job satisfaction and commitment, driving overall performance. The findings indicate that while HRM practices in the RMG sector are generally effective, there are areas for improvement. This research provides actionable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders aiming to improve performance outcomes in the RMG sector.
Perception about Clear Aligner Therapy among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Public Tertiary Care Dental Hospital-Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: S Harshavardhan , Sofitha M.D. , Balashanmugam B. , G Chandralekha , Manikandan Keerthana , Chandra M C Aswini
Published: October 2024

Aim: Aim of the study is to assess perception about clear aligner therapy among patients seeking orthodontic treatment in public tertiary care dental hospital.  Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire that had been framed and tested for reliability and validity. It was used to collect information on the socio-demographic profile and the perspectives of orthodontic patients regarding Clear Aligner Therapy. Participants had been informed about the study, and only those who had consented were administered the questionnaire. The structured questionnaire consisted of 23 closed-ended questions, and the data was collected using Google Forms.  Results: Data from 294 patients were assessed, comprising 159 females (54.1%) and 134 males (45.6%), all between the ages of 15 and 45. Of these, 92% were aware of Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT). 31.3% patients perceived CAT to be less effective than fixed appliance (FA) therapy, with only 19.3% being aware of the cost of CAT. Additionally, 30.4% believed that CAT would result in a longer treatment duration compared to fixed appliances. However, 59.6% preferred CAT over fixed appliances for aesthetic reasons, and 78.6% favored CAT for better oral hygiene maintenance.  Conclusion: As Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT) represents one of the latest advancements in orthodontics, there is a pressing need to increase education and awareness among the general population to improve their understanding of this treatment option.
Exploring Students’ Perceptions of Role-Playing Activities in Boosting English Speaking Confidence
Authors: Ky Nhan Lam
Published: October 2024

This study explores students’ perceptions of role-playing as a pedagogical approach in language learning. A questionnaire was administered to 112 participants to gauge their views on the effectiveness of role-playing in enhancing language proficiency. The results indicate a generally favorable perception among students, highlighting role-playing’s ability to simulate real-life situations, promote engagement, and foster creativity in language use. Participants reported that role-playing activities effectively facilitated the practice of spontaneous language production and enhanced student engagement. Various types of role-playing activities were evaluated, revealing that scripted role-playing increased confidence, semi-scripted formats supported the use of set phrases, and improvised role-plays improved fluency. Additionally, students recognized benefits such as improved speaking fluency and pronunciation. However, challenges such as performance anxiety and time management issues were also identified. This research highlights the significant potential of role-playing in language education while addressing the associated challenges, suggesting that careful implementation can maximize its benefits.
The main directions of Russian-Indonesian economic cooperation at the present stage
Authors:   Center for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov A.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions of Russian-Indonesian economic cooperation in the context of Western sanctions against Russia. The author analyzes the current state and prospects of this cooperation in three main areas: tourism, investment and trade. It is noted that Western sanctions have undoubtedly had a detrimental effect on the interaction of the two countries in the trade and investment spheres, although even before their introduction the situation was far from ideal, which especially concerned Russian investment projects in Indonesia, which were practically marking time. The lack of implementation of serious investment projects does not contribute to the development of bilateral trade, in which the mutual interest of the parties, with the exception of only a few trade items, is actually minimal. The greatest progress in bilateral economic relations is observed in the field of tourism, which was facilitated by Western sanctions, which actually cut off the Russian tourist flow from traditional European destinations.
The Role of the former USSR and Russia in the Formation and Development of the Economy of Bangladesh
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sadykhov P.M.
Published: October 2024

The content of the article in question covers the periods in the history of Bangladesh dealing with the creation of the state in 1971 till the last coup d’état in August of 2024 with the accent on the formation and development of the economy of Bangladesh and the role of the former Soviet Union and the present Russia in that.
The impact of the BRICS expansion on world trade in agricultural products
Authors:   Georgy Arbatov Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Soldatenkova O.I.
Published: October 2024

Being the largest producers and exporters/importers of agricultural raw materials and food, the BRICS+ countries play an important role in solving the problem of food security. The article examines the current state of trade in agricultural products within the association, as well as the main areas of cooperation and problems for the BRICS+ countries in foreign trade in agricultural products. Solving these problems will allow the association to become a key player in global agricultural markets, whose activities are based on the principle of mutual respect and compliance with international law.
Technological sovereignty of Russia: theoretical and practical issues
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Ponomarenko E.V.
Published: October 2024

What is the meaning of technological sovereignty? Is it related to sanctions or not? Is it possible to measure it? Historicism of the concept of technological independence. Sanctions as a new driver of economic and military development. The contemporary model of technological sovereignty is considered: organizational structure, institutional environment, stages of achieving. Import dependence, import substitution and technology transfer to civilian areas. The role of technology transfer from the military-industrial complex to civilian sectors, the role of diversification in the innovations’ implementation.
New Trends in Global Economic Developments and Their Impact on Russia
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Golovnin M.Yu.
Published: October 2024

Fragmentation processes are developing in the world economy since the 2010s. They are characterized by the active use of protectionist measures in foreign trade. Manifestations of fragmentation include a slowdown in global trade dynamics, a reduction in international capital flows relative to global GDP, and increased volatility in global commodity and financial markets. However, we can not find statistical confirmation for the full-scale development of the process of fragmentation in the world economy. It should also be noted that there are also the global debt problem, currently manifested in increasing debt servicing costs, and the problem of currency competition from both private digital currencies and competition for the US dollar from the Chinese yuan as a currency of an alternative center of the global economy. The Russian economy has experienced the full-fledged impact from the fragmentation trend through the unprecedented sanctions regime imposed on it in 2022, and has also faced the impact of increased global inflationary pressures. At the same time, the consequences of sanctions against Russia have also affected the dynamics of global commodities markets due to the “big country trap” effect. The economic policy pursued in Russia contributed to overcoming the negative short-term consequences of the sanctions shock. Currently, economic policy is faced with the task of solving medium- and long-term problems, first of all, contributing the structural changes in the Russian economy.
Disposable Bodies
Authors: Umezurike Uchechukwu Peter
Published: October 2024

This article examines figures of disability in the poetry of D. M. Aderibigbe to illuminate the fate of disabled Nigerians. It considers the connections between disability and social norms, showing how normative masculinity is implicated in the killings of persons with disabilities. It draws on Chielozona Eze’s discussion of disability and Judith Butler’s concept of grievability to analyze Aderibigbe’s critique of normative culture, while situating the analysis of his poetry within the critical scholarship on disability, gender, masculinities, and social justice. In the poems “Olumo’s Face” and “Ode to My Father’s Childhood,” Aderibigbe represents disabled bodies as disposable, which underscores the need to continue advocating for disability justice.
To High Redshift and Low Mass: Exploring the Emergence of Quenched Galaxies and Their Environments at 3 < z < 6 in the Ultra-deep JADES MIRI F770W Parallel
Authors: Alberts Stacey , Williams Christina C. , Helton Jakob M. , Suess Katherine A. , Ji Zhiyuan , Shivaei Irene , Lyu Jianwei , Rieke George , Baker William M. , Bonaventura Nina , Bunker Andrew J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Curtis-Lake Emma , D’Eugenio Francesco , Eisenstein Daniel J. , de Graaff Anna , Hainline Kevin N. , Hausen Ryan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Maiolino Roberto , Parlanti Eleonora , Rieke Marcia J. , Robertson Brant E. , Sun Yang , Tacchella Sandro , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Willott Chris J.
Published: October 2024

We present the robust selection of high-redshift quiescent galaxies (QG) and poststarburst (PSB) galaxies using ultra-deep NIRCam and MIRI imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). At 3 < z < 6, MIRI 7.7 μm imaging provides rest-frame J band, which is commonly used to break the degeneracy between old stellar populations and dust attenuation at lower redshifts. We identify 23 passively evolving galaxies in UVJ color space in a mass-limited (log M
⋆/M
⊙ ≥ 8.5) sample over 8.8 arcmin2. An evaluation of the contribution of the 7.7 μm shows that JADES-like NIRCam coverage (9+ photometric bands) can compensate for lacking the J band at these redshifts; however, more limited three-band selections perform better with MIRI. Our sample is characterized by rapid quenching timescales (∼100–600 Myr) with formation redshifts z
f ≲ 9 and includes a potential record-holding massive QG at

z

phot

=

5.33

−
0.17

+
0.16

and two QGs with evidence for significant residual dust content (A

V
∼ 1–2). In addition, we present a large sample of 12 log M
⋆/M
⊙ = 8.5–9.5 PSBs, demonstrating that UVJ selection can be extended to low mass. An analysis of the environment of our sample reveals that the group known as the Cosmic Rose contains a massive QG and a dust-obscured star-forming galaxy (a so-called Jekyll and Hyde pair) plus three additional QGs within ∼20 kpc. Moreover, the Cosmic Rose is part of a larger overdensity at z ∼ 3.7, which contains 7/12 of our low-mass PSBs. Another four low-mass PSBs are members of an overdensity at z ∼ 3.4; this result strongly indicates low-mass PSBs are preferentially associated with overdense environments at z > 3.
Multi-epoch UV–X-Ray Spectral Study of NGC 4151 with AstroSat
Authors: Kumar Shrabani , Dewangan G. C. , Gandhi P. , Papadakis I. E. , Mithun N. P. S. , Singh K. P. , Bhattacharya D. , Zdziarski A. A. , Stewart G. C. , Bhattacharyya S. , Chandra S.
Published: October 2024

We present a multiwavelength spectral study of NGC 4151 based on five epochs of simultaneous AstroSat observations in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) to hard X-ray band (∼0.005–80 keV) during 2017–2018. We derived the intrinsic accretion disk continuum after correcting for internal and Galactic extinction, contributions from broad- and narrow-line regions, and emission from the host galaxy. We found a bluer continuum at brighter UV flux, possibly due to variations in the accretion disk continuum or the UV reddening. We estimated the intrinsic reddening, E(B − V) ∼ 0.4, using high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS spectrum acquired in 2000 March. We used thermal Comptonization, neutral and ionized absorption, and X-ray reflection to model the X-ray spectra. We obtained the X-ray absorbing neutral column varying between N

H
∼1.2 and 3.4 × 1023 cm−2, which are ∼100 times larger than that estimated from UV extinction, assuming the Galactic dust-to-gas ratio. To reconcile this discrepancy, we propose two plausible configurations of the obscurer: (a) a two-zone obscurer consisting of dust-free and dusty regions, divided by the sublimation radius, or (b) a two-phase obscurer consisting of clumpy, dense clouds embedded in a low-density medium, resulting in a scenario where a few dense clouds obscure the compact X-ray source substantially, while the bulk of UV emission arising from the extended accretion disk passes through the low-density medium. Furthermore, we find a positive correlation between the X-ray absorption column and NUV − far-UV color and UV flux, indicative of enhanced winds possibly driven by the “bluer-when-brighter” UV continuum.
Is Gamma-Ray Burst 221009A Really a Once-in-10,000 yr Event?
Authors: Finke Justin D. , Razzaque Soebur
Published: October 2024

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) brighter than the GRB 221009A, the brightest yet observed, have previously been estimated to occur at a rate of one per 10,000 yr, based on the extrapolation of the distribution of fluences of the long-GRB population. We show that bursts this bright could instead have a rate as high as approximately one per 200 yr if they are from a separate population of narrow-jet GRBs. This population must have a maximum redshift of about z ≈ 0.38 in order to avoid overproducing the observed rate of fainter GRBs. We show that it will take ≳100 yr to confirm this new population based on observing another GRB from it with a γ-ray detector; observing an orphan optical afterglow from this population with Vera Rubin Observatory or an orphan radio afterglow with the Square Kilometer Array will also take similarly long times to observe, and it is unclear if they could be distinguished from the standard GRB population. We show that the nearby narrow-jet population has more favorable energetics for producing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays than standard GRBs. The rate of bursts in the Milky Way bright enough to cause mass extinctions of life on Earth from the narrow-jet population is estimated to be approximately one per 500 Myr. This GRB population could make life in the Milky Way less likely, with implications for future searches for life on exoplanets.
Statistics of Solar White-light Flares. I. Optimization and Application of Identification Methods
Authors: Cai Yingjie , Hou Yijun , Li Ting , Liu Jifeng
Published: October 2024

White-light flares (WLFs) are energetic activity in the stellar atmosphere. However, observed solar WLFs are relatively rare compared to stellar WLFs or solar flares observed at other wavelengths, which limits our further understanding of solar/stellar WLFs through statistical studies. By analyzing flare observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, here we improve WLF identification methods to obtain more solar WLFs and their accurate light curves from two aspects: (1) imposing constraints defined by the typical temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of WLF-induced signals; and (2) setting the intrinsic threshold for each pixel in the flare ribbon region according to its inherent background fluctuation rather than a fixed threshold for the whole region. Applying the optimized method to 90 flares (30 C-class flares, 30 M-class flares, and 30 X-class flares) for a statistical study, we identified a total of nine C-class WLFs, 18 M-class WLFs, and 28 X-class WLFs. The WLF identification rate of C-class flares reported here reaches 30%, which is the highest to date to our best knowledge. It is also revealed that in each GOES energy level the proportion of WLFs is higher in confined flares than that in eruptive flares. Moreover, a power-law relation is found between the WLF energy (E) and duration (τ): τ ∝ E
0.22, similar to those of solar hard/soft X-ray flares and other stellar WLFs. These results indicate that we could recognize more solar WLFs through optimizing the identification method, which will lay a base for future statistical and comparison study of solar and stellar WLFs.
Probing Three-dimensional Magnetic Fields. III. Synchrotron Emission and Machine Learning
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A.
Published: October 2024

Synchrotron observation serves as a tool for studying magnetic fields in the interstellar medium and intracluster medium, yet its ability to unveil three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields, meaning probing the field’s plane-of-the-sky (POS) orientation, inclination angle relative to the line of sight, and magnetization from one observational data, remains largely underexplored. Inspired by the latest insights into anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, we found that synchrotron emission’s intensity structures inherently reflect this anisotropy, providing crucial information to aid in 3D magnetic field studies: (i) the structure’s elongation gives the magnetic field’s POS orientation and (ii) the structure’s anisotropy degree and topology reveal the inclination angle and magnetization. Capitalizing on this foundation, we integrate a machine learning approach—convolutional neural network (CNN)—to extract this latent information, thereby facilitating the exploration of 3D magnetic fields. The model is trained on synthetic synchrotron emission maps, derived from 3D MHD turbulence simulations encompassing a range of sub-Alfvénic to super-Alfvénic conditions. We show that the CNN is physically interpretable and the CNN is capable of obtaining the POS orientation, inclination angle, and magnetization. Additionally, we test the CNN against the noise effect and the missing low-spatial frequency. We show that this CNN-based approach maintains a high degree of robustness even when only high-spatial frequencies are maintained. This renders the method particularly suitable for application to interferometric data lacking single-dish measurements. We applied this trained CNN to the synchrotron observations of a diffuse region. The CNN-predicted POS magnetic field orientation shows a statistical agreement with that derived from synchrotron polarization.
Confidence and Conservatism: Integrating Affect and Ideology in the Critique of R eactionary Politics
Authors: Conway Philip
Published: October 2024

Affect and ideology are concepts easily associated but rarely thought through in their interrelation. Likewise, confidence and conservatism may have an intuitive connection but lack theorisation. Drawing on the works of Brian Massumi, Lauren Berlant and Louis Althusser, this article
seeks to conceptually and politically rearticulate affect, ideology, confidence and conservatism, reflecting particularly upon USA presidential politics from Ronald Reagan to Donald Trump, as well as the cultural and historical circumstances of these administrations. Beginning from the QAnon
conspiracy theory, and then Norman Vincent Peale’s 1952 book The Power of Positive Thinking, the article subsequently examines Reagan’s politics of confidence, as interpreted by Massumi. Berlant’s provocation that ‘affect theory is another phase in the history
of ideology theory’ is then considered, particularly via Althusser’s formal-structural theory of ideology, before examining the recent conservative moral panic concerning Critical Race Theory. On this basis, the affective constitution of conservatism is argued to depend upon the
interplay of confidence and anxiety. Meanwhile, affect and ideology, taken politically, are considered distinct but inextricable, constituting the dispositional and propositional sides of the same problem: that of the hierarchical structure of collective identification, which, for conservatives,
is a relation of obedience to be reinforced.
The Point Is to Change It
Authors: Fraser Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Jason Read, The Double Shift: Marx, Spinoza, and the Politics of Work, Verso, 2024, 214pp, £16.99 paperback.
Cyberattaques et récits publiés par les canaux de désinformation russes
Authors: Valencia Mtz. de Antoñana Javier , Galán Cordero Carlos
Published: October 2024

La Russie utilise toutes les ressources de la guerre hybride pour déstabiliser ses adversaires, en particulier en Europe. Moscou s’appuie sur des capacités de cyberattaques et simultanément sur la mise en scène d’actions de désinformation et de tromperie des opinions publiques. Cela oblige à une vigilance accrue face à ces menaces croissantes.
L’autonomie stratégique de l’Europe : un système intégré de sécurité internationale doit remplacer le mot « Paix », vague et discrédité
Authors: Melnychuk Oxana
Published: October 2024

La Russie, en déclenchant la guerre contre l’Ukraine, met en péril la paix pour toute l’Europe. Il ne saurait y avoir des négociations sans revoir complètement l’architecture de sécurité internationale. Cela signifie que la Russie doit perdre son bras de fer avec l’Occident si celui-ci désire une paix véritable et crédible.
La gouvernance de la cybersécurité française : un panorama des acteurs
Authors: Agulhon Sophie
Published: October 2024

La cybersécurité devient un enjeu en croissance exponentielle face aux menaces et cyberattaques de plus en plus nombreuses. Cela oblige à organiser des outils et des structures efficaces pour contrer les risques. Les organismes comme l’Anssi ou la Cnil voient leur périmètre s’élargir avec plus de responsabilités et d’interlocuteurs concernés.
Espionner ou prier : l’Église orthodoxe russe, comment l’Ukraine lutte contre cet outil du Kremlin
Authors: Patiuk Daryna
Published: October 2024

L’Église orthodoxe russe en Ukraine est restée inféodée à Moscou via le patriarcat de Moscou. Celui-ci supporte totalement le régime de Vladimir Poutine en échange d’avantages colossaux. D’où la volonté des autorités de Kiev de couper les ponts avec l’Église russe, en favorisant une Église ukrainienne autocéphale, totalement indépendante.
Role du leadership dans l’adaptation de l’intelligence artificielle par la création d’une culture éthique et innovante : l’exemple des Forces armées libanaises (FAL)
Authors: Kabalan Wijdan Hamid , Harfouche Antoine , Shmayssani Ali
Published: October 2024

L’implémentation de l’Intelligence artificielle au sein d’une structure militaire doit s’appuyer sur une démarche cohérente renforcée par un leadership agile et réactif. Cette intégration de l’IA nécessite également la mise en place d’une culture éthique développée et partagée par tous les intervenants.
Stratégies opérationnelles agiles pendant une crise : étude de cas des Forces armées libanaises (FAL)
Authors: El-Annan Saher , Shmayssani Ali
Published: October 2024

Les Forces armées libanaises (FAL) sont souvent régies selon les règles imposées par la bureaucratie militaire. Or, dans une crise, il faut faire preuve d’agilité et de réactivité pour faire face à des situations non conventionnelles. Les FAL ont dû s’adapter, notamment lors de l’explosion du port de Beyrouth en 2020 et de la crise économique et politique qui a suivi.
La profondeur stratégique d’une marine de combat, c’est l’industrie navale
Authors: Jacques Jean-Michel
Published: October 2024

La Marine nationale est une marine de combat, apte à être engagée au cœur des crises. La Loi de programmation militaire 2024-2030 conforte qualitativement l’outil naval en conservant sa cohérence opérationnelle. Il faudra toutefois revoir à la hausse le format après 2030. Cela exige une BITD performante et innovante, bien ancrée dans ses territoires comme en Bretagne.
Vers une flotte stratégique française ?
Authors: Lambert François
Published: October 2024

Il est aujourd’hui nécessaire de réfléchir à une flotte stratégique française armée par la marine marchande, d’autant plus que la France dispose d’armateurs de dimension mondiale comme CMA-CGM ou Bourbon. Il y a les bateaux mais aussi les marins. Une stratégie cohérente doit être définie, incluant cette dimension ressources humaines (RH) pour garantir son efficacité.
Indo-Pacifique, boussole de la stratégie maritime française
Authors: Genetet Anne
Published: October 2024

L’Indo-Pacifique constitue le nouveau centre de gravité du monde et la France y tient une place particulière, développant des partenariats et des coopérations fructueuses. La Marine nationale et notre BITD constituent des atouts essentiels pour développer notre présence et notre influence, à condition de garder la cohérence de la LPM 2024-2030.
Schmitt Olivier, Préparer la guerre : stratégie, innovation et puissance militaire à l’époque contemporaine , PUF, 2024, 464 pages
Authors: d’Aboville Benoît
Published: October 2024

Il y a des livres qui comptent car ils marquent un jalon essentiel dans la réflexion et dans le domaine de la pensée stratégique, ce nouvel ouvrage proposé par le Professeur Olivier Schmitt fera date. C’est à la fois un traité d’histoire, un essai de sociologie des institutions militaires et une analyse des dynamiques provoquées par le phénomène guerre. La capacité à relever ces défis déterminera les puissances de demain.