bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buku Ajar Analisa Produktivitas Konsep Dasar Dan Teknik Pengukuran Produktivitas (Disertai Contoh Implementasi Dalam Penelitian)
Authors: Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: September 2021

Buku ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk memberikan khazanah ilmu pengetahuan kepada para mahasiswa S1 terutama untuk mata kuliah Analisa Produktivitas dan mata kuliah lainnya yang berhubungan dengan produktivitas serta untuk para mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan skripsi tentang pengukuran produktivitas. Buku ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian utama, yaitu bagian pertama merupakan konsep dasar tentang produktivitas, dan bagian kedua tentang implementasi pengukuran produktivitas dalam penelitian yang telah dilakukan penulis pada tahun- tahun sebelumnya. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA) yang telah memfasilitasi penerbitan buku ini dan kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penyelesaian buku ini. Disisi lain, buku ini terdapat keterbatasan yang membutuhkan berbagai penyempurnaan, oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun untuk kesempurnaan buku ini pada edisi berikutnya.
Buku Ajar Akuntansi Islam
Authors: Rahmawati Imelda D
Published: September 2021

Segala puji syukur kehadirat Allah swt atas terselesaikannya Buku Ajar cetakan yg ke 1 ini. Buku ini disusun dengan harapan lebih mempermudah pemahaman mahasiswa tentng akuntansi islam di dunia perbankan syariah. Karenanya disajikan dengan struktur bahasa yang mudah diterima oleh mahasiswa. Seperti kita ketahui bersama, kiblat perkembangan dan praktek akuntansi islam di dunia perbankan syariah adalah Malaysia. Dan akhir-akhir ini perkembangan di Negara Eropa, yaitu Inggris sangat mengembirakan tentang akuntansi islam di perbankan. Hanya saja masyarakat disana tidak memahami tentang makna syariah, mereka hanya memahami bahwa perekonomian yang didalamnya ada perbankan syariah sangat menguntungkan dan mensejahterahkan masyarakatnya.Ini adalah bukti nyata praktek ekonomi islam, dan akuntansi menjadi bagian didalamnya Sebuah harapan bagi kita semua, bahwa di Indonesia yang mayoritas masyarakatnya muslim mestinya perkembangan perbankan syariahnya bisa melebihi Negara- negara lain yang masyarakatnya non muslim. Buku inidiharapkan bisa memperkaya ilmu dan pemahaman mahasiswa tentang konsep akuntansi islam di Indonesia. Disamping itu juga penulis berharap bisa menambah referensi tentang perkembangan akuntansi islam. Kami menyadari banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan yang ada dalam buku ini. Semoga kedepan buku ajar ini bisa lebih sempurna dan memberikan manfaat kepada banyak pihak. Terimakasih.
Buku Ajar Pemrograman CNC
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: September 2021

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga Buku Ajar Pemrograman CNC (Computer Numerical Control) ini dapat disusun dengan baik meskipun perlu penyempurnaan lebih lanjut. Pemrograman CNC merupakan mata kuliah Konsentrasi Rekayasa Perancangan Manufaktur di Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Buku ajar Pemrograman CNC ini dikhususkan untuk pegangan Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Mata kuliah prasarat yang harus diselesaikan sebelum mengambil mata kuliah ini adalah: 1. Menggambar Mesin 2. Pengetahuan Bahan 3. Proses Manufaktur 4. Proses Pemesinan Di era komputerisasi ini mesin-mesin perkakas berbasis komputer kemajuannya sangat pesat karena dituntut untuk mampu membuat produk dengan kecepatan produksi yang tinggi dengan ketelitian dan kualitas yang maksimal. Saat ini penggunaan mesin-mesin CNC sudah bukan sesuatu yang asing bagi dunia Industri, karena mesin tersebut merupakan asset vital yang digunakan dalam proses produksi untuk menghasilkan produk massal atau pembuatan komponen- komponen lainnya yang memerlukan tingkat ketelitian (accuracy) dan kepresisian ( precision) yang tinggi.
How Significantly to Emerging Economies Benefit From Board Attributes and Risk Management in Enhancing Firm Profitability?
Authors: Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah  , Essia Ries Ahmed  , Mohammed Almashhadani  , Sara Kadhim Yousif  , Hasan Ahmed Almashhadani  , Raghad Almashhadani  , Eskasari Putri
Published: September 2021

Recently, the literature review represented by its previous studies have witnessed obvious  development that has been become the reason to create different trends.  This paper aims to considerably contribute to the area of corporate governance to be then involved in the new trends testing the role of board attributes as mechanisms of corporate governance to know whether non-financial companies in the developing economies will benefit from these mechanisms in their impact of firm profitability. Thus, the present study tested 100 non-financial companies based on their annual reports in the year of 2020 as a cross sectional study. The results of testing the variables of the current study revealed that there is a negative link between board of directors size and profitability. On the other hand, the results showed that the managers independency has no relationship with profitability. Likewise, the results revealed that risk management has no effect on profitability. This study probably could be considered as a unique study due to its new contribution that fills the gap of what have been done in the previous studies in the area of corporate governance (CG) and profitability because it tested the link between risk management and growth. Hence, according to the researchers’ knowledge, there is no research that has been dealt with the two variables that were dealt by the current study. The current study introduces evidence to many parties, such as shareholders, scholar, executives and policy makers.
A definition and categorization system for advanced materials : the foundation for risk-informed environmental health and safety testing
Authors: Kennedy Alan , Brame Jonathon , Rycroft Taylor , Wood Matthew , Zemba Valerie , Weiss Charles , Hull Matthew , Hill Cary , Geraci Charles , Linkov Igor
Published: September 2021

Novel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk-screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner-driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner-validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk-related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM-enabled technologies.
Editorial
Authors: Owen Alun
Published: September 2021

Editorial
E-Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Turning a Crisis into Opportunity
Authors: Hani Amjad Bani , Hijazein Yazan , Hadadin Hiba , Jarkas Alma , Al-Tamimi Zahraa , Amarin Marzouq , Shatarat Amjad , Abeeleh Mahmoud Abu , Al-Taher Raed
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To assess the medical students' satisfaction and knowledge attainment through distant learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, self-reported, questionnaire-based study that was conducted at the School of Medicine at the University of Jordan in April 2020. The targeted population was the students at the school of medicine. An online questionnaire was created using Google Forms. Satisfaction and knowledge attainment among students were assessed using independent-samples t-test.Results: A total of 1000 medical students completed the survey, 506 (50.6%) basic science students and 494 (49.4%) were clinical science students. 655 (65.5%) of all students were either satisfied, or neutral with e-learning and 63.6% of basic science students and 59.5% of clinical students stated that they gained and understood knowledge the same or better than they did before initiation of exclusive e-learning. Satisfaction and knowledge gain were significantly affected by student preparedness (p<0.000), teacher performance (p<0.000), and website accessibility (p<0.000).Conclusion: Transition from traditional in-class teaching to distant learning, whether full or blended, is an inevitable step., In our sample, students were generally satisfied with e-learning and the knowledge attained using it. There was a significant relation between satisfaction and attainment and preparedness of students, teachers, and the medical school.
Effectiveness of the toxin-degrading strain screening strategy: Deficiency and improvement in screening the gossypol-degrading microorganism Aspergillus niger
Authors: Zhang Chen , Shu Gangqin , Wang Hui , Li Daojie , Xü Yuan , Zhang Yunhua , Cheng Maoji Cheng , Chen Lijuan
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of the classic screening strategy was verified, by duplicating and verifying the degradation of gossypol by the Aspergillus niger. It can reduce the free gossypol content through biosorption but has no effect on the total gossypol content and cannot effectively degrade gossypol. And the most interesting thing we found the strain can secrete agarase, utilise agar as carbon source. In this case, that will mislead researchers and lead them to make wrong judgments. That turns out the usual methods of previous screening strategies are not rigorous enough, the classic screening method has defect in screening toxin-degrading strain, so agar control group should be added. In this study, some suggestions are put forward to optimise the same type of experiments and broaden the idea of detoxification by microorganisms and provide reference for screening effective toxin-degrading microorganisms.
A generalised approach on kerf geometry prediction during CO2 laser cut of PMMA thin plates using neural networks
Authors: Kechagias John Dimitrios , Ninikas Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: September 2021

This study presents an application of feedforward and backpropagation neural network (FFBP-NN) for predicting the kerf characteristics, i.e. the kerf width in three different distances from the surface (upper, middle and down) and kerf angle during laser cutting of 4 mm PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) thin plates. Stand-off distance (SoD: 7, 8 and 9 mm), cutting speed (CS: 8, 13 and 18 mm/sec) and laser power (LP: 82.5, 90 and 97.5 W) are the studied parameters for low power CO2 laser cutting. A three-parameter three-level full factorial array has been used, and twenty-seven (33) cuts are performed. Subsequently, the upper, middle and down kerf widths (Wu, Wm and Wd) and the kerf angle (KA) were measured and analysed through ANOM (analysis of means), ANOVA (analysis of variances) and interaction plots. The statistical analysis highlighted that linear modelling is insufficient for the precise prediction of kerf characteristics. An FFBP-NN was developed, trained, validated and generalised for the accurate prediction of the kerf geometry. The FFBP-NN achieved an R-all value of 0.98, in contrast to the ANOVA linear models, which achieved Rsq values of about 0.86. According to the ANOM plots, the parameter values which optimize the KA resulting in positive values close to zero degrees were the 7 mm SoD, 8 mm/s CS and 97.5 W LP.
Dirac Equation Redux by Direct Quantization of the 4-Momentum Vector
Authors: Andoni S.
Published: September 2021

Dirac equation (DE) is a cornerstone of quantum physics. We prove that direct quantization of the 4-momentum vector p with modulus 𝑚𝑐 (𝑚 is rest mass) yields a coordinate-free and manifestly covariant equation. In coordinate representation, this is equivalent to DE with spacetime frame vectors xμ replacing Dirac’s γμ -matrices. Remember that standard DE is not manifestly covariant. The two sets {xμ}, {γμ} obey to the same Clifford algebra. Adding an independent Hermitian vector x5 to the spacetime basis {xμ} allows to accommodate the momentum operator in a real vector space with a complex structure generated alone by vectors and multivectors. The real vector space arising from the action of the Clifford product onto the quintet {xμ , x5 } has dimension 32, the same as the equivalent real dimension for the space of Dirac matrices. x5 proves defining for the combined CPT symmetry, axial vs. polar vectors, left and right handed rotors & spinors, etc.; therefore, we name it reflector and {xμ , x5 } – a basis for spacetime-reflection (STR). The pentavector 𝐼 ≡ x05123 in STR substitutes the imaginary unit i. We develop the formalism by deriving all the essential results from the novel STR DE: conserved probability currents, symmetries, nonrelativistic approximation and spin 1/2 magnetic angular momentum. It will become clear that key symmetries follow more directly and with clearer geometric interpretation in STR than in the standard approach. In simple terms, we demonstrate how Dirac matrices are a redundant representation of spacetime-reflection directors.
Variations of the Precipitation Extremes over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China
Authors: Li Xianru , Wei Zhigang , Wang Huan , Ma Li , Guo Shitong
Published: September 2021

By using the gridded 0.25°×0.25° observation dataset of CN05.1 provided by the China Meteorological Administration, this study investigates the variations of the nine precipitation extreme indices over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China in the period from 1961 to 2018. Based on trends and inter-annual variations, the nine kinds of extreme precipitation are classified into four categories: the category 1 is the very wet days (R95P), the extremely wet days (R99P), the maximum 1-day precipitation amount (RX1day) and the maximum 5-day precipitation amount (RX5day). The category 2 is the number of heavy precipitation days (R10day), the number of very heavy precipitation days (R20day) and the simple daily intensity index (SDII). The category 3 and 4 is the consecutive wet days (CWDday) and the consecutive dry days (CDDday), respectively. For the extreme precipitations in the category 1, the abrupt change point from less to more values occurs in 1991 in summer. Three abrupt change points, from less to more in 1972 and 2009, and from more to less in 1994 occur in spring. For the extreme precipitations in the category 2, the abrupt change point from less to more values occurs in 1993 in summer. Three abrupt change points, from less to more in 1965 and 2010, and from more to less in 1990 occur in spring. Annually and seasonally, the abrupt changes occur in early 2010s for CWDday which has clearly been more and for CDDday which has clearly been less. In addition, CWDday occurs abrupt change points from less to more in 1966 and from more to less in1983 in spring. The variations of these extreme precipitations have significant periodic oscillations of 3–5 years, quasi-8 years or 8–14 years. During 1961–1994, 1995–2009 and 2010–2018 three stages, the changes of the annual and most seasonal R95P, R99P, R10day, R20day and SDII are consistent with those of precipitation. The values in the latter stage are increasing compared with those in the former stage. The changes of RX1day, RX5day, CWDday and CDDday have their own characteristics.
R-spondin 3 deletion favors Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and bone formation
Authors: Nagano Kenichi , Yamana Kei , Saito Hiroaki , Kiviranta Riku , Pedroni Ana Clara , Raval Dhairya , Niehrs Christof , Gori Francesca , Baron Roland
Published: September 2021

Activation of Wnt signaling leads to high bone density. The R-spondin family of four secreted glycoproteins (Rspo1-4) amplifies Wnt signaling. In humans, RSPO3 variants are strongly associated with bone density, but how RSPO3 affects skeletal homeostasis is not fully understood. Here we show that in mice Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency or its targeted deletion in osteoprogenitors lead to an increase in bone formation and bone mass. Contrary to expectations, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency results in canonical Wnt signaling activation. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts we show that Rspo3 deficiency leads to activation of Erk signaling, stabilizing β-catenin. Furthermore, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency impairs Dkk1 efficacy in blocking canonical Wnt signaling and prevents the in vivo inhibition of bone formation and bone mass induced by osteoblast-targeted expression of Dkk1. We conclude that Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency/deficiency boosts canonical Wnt signaling by activating Erk signaling and impairing Dkk1’s inhibitory activity, which in turn lead to increased bone formation and bone mass.
Experimental Study of Solar Dryer with Thermal Energy Storage System for Drying of Agro Products
Authors: Govindan Gopinath Radhakrishnan , Sattanathan Muthuvel , Muthiah Muthukannan , Ranjitharamasamy Sudhakarapandian , Athikesavan Muthu Manokar
Published: September 2021

The drying of food products is an essential step in the preservation ofcrops and agricultural by-products that serve as raw materials for numerous end applications. Solar drying with Phase Change Material (PCM) is an efficient low-energy consumption processin the post-reapingstage, reducing food deterioration. A customized solar dryer setup was assembled usingCudappah (black) stones as the baseof the drying chamber to facilitate the absorption of solar energy on its surface. Theorganic paraffin wax, with a melting point of 60℃,was used as PCM in the solar dryer. The novelty of the study is the application of a PCMin asolar dryer to improve the effectiveness of drying and decrease the absolute drying period and the microbial content in the dried food products. The study compared the drying characteristics between open sun drying, solar dryingwithout and with PCM (100 and 200 grams). The fabricated setup was utilised for drying coconut using a PCM-based solar drying method.The coconut was dried from an initial moisture content of 55.5% to a final moisture content of about 9%. The prototype dryer modelminimized the use ofthe workforce,avoided improper drying,and decreased the absolute drying time. A Total Plate Count (TPC) test was conducted to characterize the microbial content in the dried coconut.The microbial count decreased with the use of 200 g PCM as the use of PCM retained the heat for a longer time in the chamber. The drying time of the coconut was decreased by about 28 and 52 hours by installing of about 100 and 200g of PCM respectively. The drying time of the coconut decreased with an increase in the amount of PCM in the solar dryer. The sensory characteristics like colour, taste, flavour, quality, and texture of the solar-dried coconut sample were superiorto the sun-dried coconut sample.
A Study on Spatio-Temporal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Ciliate Community Structure of Three Freshwater Bodies from Delhi, India.
Authors: Abraham Jeeva Susan , Somasundaram Sripoorna , Maurya Swati , Gupta Renu , Toteja Ravi , Makhija Seema
Published: September 2021

The present investigation studied the spatial and temporal variation of the physicochemical parameters and their correlation with the ciliate community structure. Samples were collected from three freshwater sites viz., Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL) and Raj Ghat (RJ) in alternate months for one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Physicochemical parameters studied were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), water hardness (WH), chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Ciliate diversity, structure and abundance were studied using various diversity indices. Multiple statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficients, principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to analyze the data. Maximum ciliate diversity, richness and evenness were observed in the OBS site. Maximum ciliate diversity was observed from class Spirotrichea (47%), followed by Oligohymenophorea (20%), Prostomatea (16%), Phyllopharyngea (6%), Colpodea (5%), Heterotrichea (3%), Litostomatea (2%) and Karyorelictea (1%). Maximum diversity was observed during the monsoon and post monsoon season and lowest during the winter and summer season. The present study on the dynamics of the environment driven community assembly suggests that ciliates are good indicators for assessing community-level responses and can be useful in predicting the water quality as well as environmental degradation in future.
Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in Gas Exchange Mechanism and Providing Protection against Progression of any Respiratory Viral Disease like SARS-CoV-2 and Need to focus it as First Point of Medication for all Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Phadke Makarand
Published: September 2021

During inhalation oxygen molecules are drawn towards type I cells. The partial pressure difference and solubility factor act as a Drive for this movement of oxygen molecules.It is well known that the pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in gas exchange. The surfactant is thin mono-layer. The top surface of surfactant with SP-B and C proteins faces alveolar air and is hydrophobic in nature and acts as a surface tension reducer, whereas lower surface with SP-A and D proteins, is hydrophilic and is adsorbed on mucosal layer. This lower surface of surfactant acts as an anti invader, pathogen barrier. However there is a small missing link in explaining its exact mechanism or role in justifying these properties during normal conditions and during ‘viral ligand’ attack.Similarly a unique physical property of SP- C component is listed in research papers; however its application is not researched anywhere. SP-C has a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 and plays a very critical role in drastically reducing progression of any respiratory viral disease including SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis targets to explain both micro mechanisms with the help of basic laws of physics, and fluid mechanics. The figures/sketches, drawn also depict the physics involved and not much of a physiology or genetic codes etc. Two examples, in the industry, are briefly listed in the last paragraphs to draw some parallel with above mechanisms.Vaccination is a proven method for containment of a particular respiratory viral disease, if not its cure. But if focus is also given on health of pulmonary surfactant with respect to pathogenesis of any respiratory viral disease, and development of a broad spectrum medication on it; probable loss of lot many lives can be avoided and vaccine development and vaccination management related issues can be less panicky.
Fibrin-derived Peptide Bβ15-42 and Earthworm Fibrinolytic Enzyme A Inhibit Atherosclerosis and Inflammation via the VE-cadherin Pathway
Authors: Xu Jiaping , Xu Guoli , Yin Xiaowei , Liu Yiteng , Sun Xin , Wang Fen , cao yongjun , Liu Chunfeng
Published: September 2021

Elevated fibrinogen increases risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The biological effects of the fibrin-derived peptide Bβ15–42 are different from fibrin and promote vascular and anti-inflammatory effects. Fragments of fibrinogen cleavage by earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme A (EFEa) are structurally similar to Bβ15–42. Therefore, we evaluated if Bβ15–42 and EFEa have anti-atherosclerotic effects. To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Bβ15–42 and EFEa, we used New Zealand rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet to promote atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells with high expression of VE-cadherin were used to determine the mechanism of action of Bβ15–42 and EFEa to inhibit the deleterious effect of fibrin. Both Bβ15–42 and EFEa significantly reduced atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Vascular fibrinogen deposition and inflammatory cell aggregation was significantly reduced in rabbits treated with Bβ15–42 or EFEa. In addition, Bβ15–42 and EFEa stabilized the structure of endothelial cells and decreased inflammatory cell migration. Bβ15–42 and EFEa protected endothelial cell function by reducing the effect of fibrinogen in the VE-cadherin pathway. Therefore, the fibrin-derived Bβ15–42 peptide exhibited anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduced vascular fibrinogen deposition and inflammatory cell aggregation in the aorta. Furthermore, EFEa has similar Bβ15-42-like anti-atherosclerotic effects.
Downstream Super-magnetosonic Plasma Jet Generation as a Direct Consequence of Shock Reformation
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Karlsson Tomas , Vaivads Andris , Pollock Craig , Plaschke Ferdinand , Johlander Andreas , Trollvik Henriette , Lindqvist P.-A.
Published: September 2021

Earth's bow shock, resulting from the interaction of the super-magnetosonic solar wind and Earth's magnetic field, has been studied for over 50 years and serves as an ideal astrophysical laboratory to study collisionless shocks. The Earth's bow shock offers a unique opportunity to study it through in-situ measurements. Shocks are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators and have been connected to relativistic electron acceleration and cosmic rays. Upstream shock observations include wave generation, wave-particle interactions and SLAMS, while at the shock and downstream, particle acceleration, magnetic reconnection and plasma jets can be observed.
Here, using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) we show the first in-situ evidence of super-magnetosonic downstream flows (jets) generated at the Earth’s bow shock as a direct consequence of shock reformation. Jets are observed downstream due to a combined effect of upstream plasma wave evolution and an ongoing reformation cycle of the bow shock. This generation process can also be applicable to planetary and astrophysical plasmas where collisionless shocks are commonly found.
Riccati Generalized Resonant States of Higher-order Nonlinear Schrӧdinger Equation With Pӧschl-teller Potential
Authors: Kadian Nisha , Bhatia Sanjana , Pathania Shailza , Goyal Amit , Choragudi Nagaraja Kumar
Published: September 2021

We present resonant state solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schrӧdinger model, with Pӧschl-Teller (PT) potential, under certain parametric conditions. It is found that the localized solutions can be expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions F(a, b, c; z). The dynamics of these resonant states and their control using isospectral Hamiltonian approach is well illustrated for PT potential, which is analytically tractable.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vegetation and Its Differentiation Mechanism Based on Geographical Detector
Authors: Wang Guangjie , peng wenfu
Published: September 2021

Understanding of the influence of factors on vegetation changes in different is still largely unknown. We have applied the Geographic Detector, a new spatial statistical method to study the interactive effects of factors on the spatial patterns of normalized vegetation index (NDVI) changes and determine the optimal characteristics of key impact factors that are beneficial to vegetation growth. Our results show that the vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015 for the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, western China was in good condition, the areas of 0.60.8 and NDVI>0.8 accounted for more than 80%, and the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover were significant. The changes of vegetation cover were showed a significant transformation in the regions of NDVI>0.6. Our study uniquely illustrated that the elevation, annual average temperature and soil type can relatively well explain the vegetation changes. We propose that there are interactive effects between impact factors on vegetation NDVI, and the synergistic effects of the impact factors show mutual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement. The interactions between impact factors significantly enhance the impact of a single factor on vegetation changes. The most suitable characteristics of the main impact factors that promote the vegetation growth revealed help a better understanding of the impact of factors on NDVI and its driving mechanisms. Our findings suggest that the determined a favourable value range or the most suitable characteristics of impact factors help to intervene and promote vegetation change for vegetation restoration and alleviate environmental degradation.
Positive Effects of Fast Growth on Locomotor Performance in Pelagic Fish Juveniles: In Contrast to Existing Evidence
Authors: Nakamura Masahiro , Yoneda Michio , Morioka Taizo , Takasuka Akinori , Nishiumi Nozomi
Published: September 2021

Many laboratory experiments on aquatic vertebrates that inhabit closed water or coastal areas have highlighted negative effects of fast growth on swimming performance. Nonetheless, field studies on pelagic fishes have provided evidence of survival advantages of faster growing individuals. To reconcile this contradiction, we examined the relationship between growth rate and swimming performance as a continuous function for juveniles of chub mackerel (scomber japonicus) using 3D tracking analysis. For experiments, 20, 24, 27 and 30 days-post-hatch individuals within the size range of 14.5–25.3 mm were used. We found that the growth–swimming (burst speed) relationship in chub mackerel was substantially positive and it was suggested to be supported by morphological traits such as muscle area, which also positively correlated with growth rate. This finding is consistent with field observations showing selective survival of fast-growing individuals of this species, reconciling the current contradiction between laboratory experiments and field observations. Growth was suggested to trade off with swimming performance, as reported in many previous studies, when it was extremely fast. Therefore, a dome-shaped quadratic curve described the relationship between growth rate and burst speed better than a linear or generalized linear model. These results, obtained from the rarely tested offshore species, strongly suggests the importance of experimental verification using animals that inhabit various types of habitats in understanding the principles underlying the evolution of growth–locomotor relationship.
Incidence and Predictors of Cannabis-Related Poisoning and Mental and Behavioral Disorders Among Patients with Medical Cannabis Authorization: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zongo Arsene , Lee Cerina , Dyck Jason R. B. , El-Mourad Jihane , Hyshka Elaine , Hanlon John G. , Eurich Dean
Published: September 2021

Objective: As medical cannabis use increases in North America, establishing the safety profile of cannabis is a priority. The objective of this study was to assess rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations due to poisoning by cannabis and cannabis-related mental health disorders among medically authorized cannabis patients in Ontario, Canada, between 2014 and 2017.Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted among a cohort of patients who received an authorization to use cannabis for treating various health conditions in Ontario, Canada. The cannabis cohort was selected using data collected in participating Canadian cannabis clinics. Outcomes included: ED visit/hospitalization with a main diagnosis code for cannabis/cannabinoid poisoning; and ED visit/hospitalization with a main diagnosis code for mental/behavioural disorders due to cannabis use. The Spearman correlation and univariate Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized.Results: From 29153 patients who received medical authorization, 23091 satisfied the inclusion criteria. During a median follow-up of 240 days, 14 patients visited the ED or were hospitalized for cannabis poisoning – with an incidence rate of 8.06 per 10,000 person-years patients (95%CI: 4.8-13.6). A total of 26 patients visited the ED or were hospitalized for mental and behavioural disorders due to cannabis use- with an incidence rate of 15.0 per 10,000 person-years (95%CI: 10.2-22.0). Predictors of cannabis-related mental and behavioural disorders include prior substance use disorders (drugs and alcohol), other mental disorders, age, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: The results suggest that the incidence of cannabis poisoning or cannabis-related mental and behavioural disorders was low among patients who were authorized to use cannabis to treat a health condition. Identified predictors can help to target patients with potential risk of the studied outcomes.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Nanofluids Containing Mixtures of Surfactants And Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lechuga Manuela , Fernandez-Serrano Mercedes , Ríos Francisco , Fernández-Arteaga Alejandro , Jiménez-Robles Ramón
Published: September 2021

Due to the widespread use of nanoparticles in surfactant-based formulations, their release into the environment and wastewater is unavoidable, causing a toxic effect to biota and/or wastewater treatment processes. Because of concerns about the environmental impact of nanofluids, the study of the fate and environmental impact, hazards and toxicity of nanoparticles is beginning. However, the interactions between nanoparticles and surfactants as well as the biodegradability in mixtures have been little studied until now. In this work the environmental impact of nanofluids containing mixtures of surfactants and silica nanoparticles were evaluated. The systems studied were hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (size 7 and 12 nm), a non-ionic surfactant (alkyl polyglucoside), an anionic surfactant (ether carboxylic acid), and mixtures of them. The aerobic ultimate biodegradation and interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactants, nanoparticles and mixtures during the biodegradation process were also evaluated. Aerobic biodegradability was determined by measurements of dissolved organic carbon for solutions with variable concentrations of surfactants and nanoparticles. The ultimate biodegradation was studied below and above the CMC of the individual surfactants. Interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactants solutions containing nanoparticles are influenced by the addition of silica particles. It was determined that silica nanoparticles reduced the capability of non-ionic surfactants to decrease the surface tension. Thus, silica NP promoted a considerable increase of their CMC, whereas the effect was the opposite in case of anionic surfactants. The increasing concentration of surfactant and nanoparticles in the test medium causes a decrease in the maximum levels of mineralization reached for both types of surfactants. The presence of silica nanoparticles in the medium reduces the biodegradability of binary mixtures non-ionic-anionic- surfactants solutions, being this effect more intense for larger nanoparticles. These results could be taken into account to model the behavior of nanofluids in aquatic environments and to select appropriate nanofluids containing nanoparticles and surfactants with low environmental impact.
Equity of Health Resources Allocation in Rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: HUANG Shang-yu-hui , DENG Meng , FENG Jun , FENG Qi-ming
Published: September 2021

Background: Since 2009, the main task of the new health reform in China is to increase the equity of health resources allocation in primary health care institutions. Health policies and strategies have been established to increase the capacity of PHC services, with improved equity as the most important goal. The objective of this study is to analyze the status quo and equity of health resources distribution in rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019.Methods: Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze the status quo of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019. Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to evaluate the equity of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019, from three dimensions of population, geography and economy. Results: From 2016 to 2019, the total amount of health resources in rural health center in Guangxi was increased, but the professional title and education background of health workers is still low. In 2019, the Gini coefficient was 0.085-0.217 geographically, 0.080-0.367 demographically and 0.135-0.340 economically. The total Theil index was 013-0.211, and the majority of the contribution rate of within regions was greater than the between regions. Conclusion: From 2016 to 2019, the distribution of health resources in rural Guangxi was uneven among regions, and with great differences within regions.
Nursing students’ development of using physical assessment in clinical rotation—a stimulated recall study
Authors: Byermoen Kirsten Røland , Eide Tom , Egilsdottir H.Ösp , Eide Hilde , Heyn Lena Günterberg , Moen Anne , Brembo Espen Andreas
Published: September 2021

Background

The overall aim of this study was to explore third-year bachelor nursing students’ stimulated recall reflections on their physical assessment competence development. The choice of learning strategies in nursing education seems to have great impact on nursing students’ use of physical assessment skills while in clinical rotation. There is a need to explore nursing students’ learning processes related to the use of physical assessments.
Methods

Explorative qualitative design using a triangulation of data collection methods. Nine final-year nursing students’ physical assessment performances during patient encounters were audio-taped and observed. Shortly after, an individual stimulated recall interview based on the audio-recorded patient encounter and observation notes was conducted. A two-fold analysis was conducted: 1) analysis of students’ performed assessments, and 2) a meaning condensation analysis of the stimulated recall interviews.
Results

1) Students’ assessments shifted from a checklist approach to a symptom-based approach, and they emphasized conversation as part of their assessments. 2) Through the stimulated recall interviews, students described reasons for using physical assessments in patient encounters, how the learning environment facilitated or hindered their use of physical assessments, and their own learning strategies.
Conclusions

Findings contribute a novel, in-depth description of what influenced nursing students’ learning processes of using physical assessment during clinical rotation. This study reveals the importance of designing and implementing learning activities in practical and theoretical courses to support and strengthen students’ learning processes. Further, findings suggest that stimulated recall as a reflective practice should be used systematically to enhance clinical reasoning skills and thus provide deep learning. A more targeted course design for physical assessment— building on and emphasizing nursing students’ prior knowledge and competence—may lead to more confident registered nurses and promote patient safety in different health care contexts.
Radiological Effects of Fly Ash as Concrete Additive: A Study in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Ba Ngoc , Bui Thien Ngoc , Huynh Thu Nguyen Phong , Nguyen Thang Van , Huynh Phuong Truc , Vo Hai Hong , Le Thuyen Xuan , Truong Loan Thi Hong
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, fly ash is recycled to make more eco-friendly building materials and reduce landfill area of coal-fired power plant. However, the high amount of natural radionuclides contained in fly ash could potentially pose radiological risks to people living in buildings made from these materials. The results revealed that the 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities for the commonly used building material were in the range from 10.1 to 254.9 Bq kg-1, from 16.6 to 176.9 Bq kg-1 and from 21.2 to 1240.3 Bq kg-1 and 569.1 Bq kg-1, respectively: High gamma activity concentration for fly ash is due to the origin of fly ash and coal enrichment process of coal-fired power plant, in contrast, sand and stone samples which contain high radon concentration. Additional fly ash in concrete can increase or decrease the radioactivity of building materials, in which its variation depends on the percentage of the fly ash and matrix composition of the mixture. Even though the average indoor annual effective doses were lower than the upper limit, the total annual effective doses were slightly higher than the recommended dose of 2.4 mSv-1 due to the exposure of natural sources by UNSCEAR. From this study, radiological effects of fly ash samples as concrete additive in Viet Nam could be evaluated for any practical circumstances before they are used.
Online Balint Group Work Versus Pharmacotherapy in Treatment of Coronavirus Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Iran: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: shahini najmeh , gholamzad shakiba , salimi zanireh , Dehkordi Mansoureh Kiani , Khaniki Saeedeh Hajebi , Oskoei Reza Rahimzadeh , Ardabili Hossein Mohaddes
Published: September 2021

Background: An increase in symptoms of anxiety is already being reported in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of Balint group work with pharmacotherapy in coronavirus related anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Iran.Methods: In This pilot clinical trial, after passing a phone screening procedure by a psychiatrist, subjects were quasi-randomly assigned to Balint (8 sixty-minute online sessions) or pharmacotherapy (Sertraline) groups. Both groups were asked to fill two questionnaires, including the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), at the beginning and the end of the 4-week intervention period.Results: A total of 45 HCWs enrolled in this study. The results showed a significant difference between the post-test and pre-test scores of both groups in the total scores of anxiety and its subcomponents (p≤0.001). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions on anxiety (p=0.52). Both interventions had a significant effect on the subjects' resilience and its subscales (p≤0.05) except for positive acceptance change. The spiritual influences domain had a significantly higher increase in the pharmacotherapy group (P=0.031).Conclusions: We showed Balint group work maybe can better to pharmacotherapy with Sertraline in management of COVID-19 related anxiety and boosting resilience in healthcare workers.
Novel Preclinical Human Salivary Gland Cancer Models Established Using Organoid Culture And Patient-Derived Xenografting
Authors: Aizawa Yoshihiro , Takada Kentaro , Aoyama Jun , Sano Daisuke , Yamanaka Shoji , Seki Masahide , Kuze Yuta , Ramilowski Jordan , Okuda Ryo , Ueno Yasuharu , Nojima Yusuke , Inayama Yoshiaki , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Hatano Takashi , Takahashi Hideaki , Nishimura Goshi , Fujii Satoshi , Suzuki Yutaka , Taniguchi Hideki , Oridate Nobuhiko
Published: September 2021

Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) has poor prognosis depending on the histological subtype. However, due to the scarcity of preclinical experimental models, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, hampering the development of new treatment modalities for patients with these malignancies. Here, we first report the establishment of a large collection of human SGC experimental models for multiple histological subtypes using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid culture techniques with our previously optimized method. Additionally, we successfully generated organoids by culturing established PDXs (PDX-derived organoids). Through passaging, each pre-clinical model was confirmed to maintain the pathological characteristics of the original tumor and the genetic traits of corresponding histological subtypes. Finally, we confirmed that these organoids were available for pharmacologic studies. Thus, our comprehensive models of SGC could be a powerful resource for the development of novel therapeutic agents and investigating the pathogenesis of these malignancies.
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Promotes Clinical Remission and Mucosal Healing of Southern China Pediatric Crohn’s Disease in Short Time
Authors: Xiong Liya , Chen Peiyu , Xie Jing , Ren Lu , Wang Hongli , Xu Qian , Yuan Linqing , Wu Peiqun , Wei Lijuan , Li Huiwen , Geng Lanlan , Gong Sitang
Published: September 2021

Background: this study aimed to understand the effective of exclusive enteral nutrition on clinical remission and mucosal healing with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD)in a real-world setting in southern China. Methods: In this prospective disease registry, children (aged between 2 and 18years)with newly diagnosed luminal CD were recruited from December 2018 to December 2020. Patients were examined at baseline and at weeks3 and 8 of EEN induction. Logistic regression analysis is used to assess the influencing factors of EEN. Results: The clinical remission and mucosal healing rate of children is 76.5%、35% separately after 8 week induction. The remission rate of mild CD is higher than that of moderate-severe CD, but it is not statistically significant(p=0.01). Disease location、age、the response rate at week 3 all do not predict the effectiveness of EEN treatment.Conclusions: EEN can effectively promote clinical remission and mucosal healing of southern China pediatric Crohn’s disease in short time and is also recommend as the first-line therapy for children with severe luminal CD
Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Dermatitis Ointment Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses and Dysregulation of Itch-Related Molecules in AD
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Shao Shuai , Shen Yingxin , Sun Jiaming , Piao Songlan , Zhao Daqing , Li Guangzhe , yan mingming
Published: September 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by an itchy and scaly rash. Compound traditional Chinese medicine dermatitis ointment (CTCMDO) is a traditional classics aimed at AD composed of a mixture of extracts from five plants known to have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Materials and methods: In this study, we used HPLC and LC/MS to analyze the effective components of CTCMDO in detail and establish its HPLC fingerprint analysis. On this basis, this article studied the anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activities of CTCMDO in the treatment of DNCB-induced AD in mice.Results: Through comparison with literature data, a total of 43 compounds were identified, including phenylpropionic acid compounds; alkaloid compounds; curcumin compounds and lignans. On this basis, a fingerprint with 17 common peaks was established. In AD-like mice, CTCMDO treatment suppressed the scratching behavior induced by DNCB in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the production of Th1/2 cytokines in serum. CTCMDO treatment reversed the up regulation of P substance levels of itch-related genes in the skin. Furthermore, CTCMDO suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK、ERK and p38 in the skin. Conclusion: In all, our work indicated that CTCMDO can signifificantly attenuate the pathological alterations of Th1/2 cytokines and itch-related mediators, and inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs to treat AD.
Performance Improvements of Hemispherical Solar Still Using Internal Reflector: Energy and Exergy Analysis
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Athikesavan Muthu Manokar , Kaliyamoorthy Murugan , Balachandran Guruprasad , Kutbudeen Syed Jafar , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar
Published: September 2021

Various scientists are looking for effective and easy solutions for augmentation of yield from the Hemispherical Solar Still (HSS). In this study, aluminium foil-sheet was used to reflect the intensity hence augments the evaporation rate and daily yield. Experimentations were conducted on two SS: the first SS is HSS; the second SS is HSS with reflective aluminium foil-sheet walls (HSS-RAFW). The highest distilled water production from the HSS, HSS-RAFW are 3.36 and 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. Compared to the HSS, the yield of distilled water was augmented by 22.21% when using the HSS- RAFW. The daily energy and exergy efficiency (EnE and ExE) of the HSS is 26.27 and 1.04%, respectively and daily EnE and ExE of the HSS-RAFW is 32.75 and 1.71%, respectively.