bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survivor narratives of the Oklahoma City bombing: The story over time
Authors: Dang Christine M. , Lee Min Hyung , Nguyen Anna Marie , Diduck Alexandra , Villareal Ariel , Simic Zorica , Pollio David E. , North Carol S.
Published: March 2021

The growing disaster psychiatry research literature has focused on posttraumatic stress disorder, producing little insight into subjective disaster experience. Qualitative research, especially narrative analysis, may provide in‐depth exploration of individual disaster experience and efforts to make meaning of it. Disaster narratives were collected from a random sample of 182 Oklahoma City bombing survivors 6 months after the disaster and again from 141 survivors nearly 1 year later. These narratives were examined for the evolution of recurring themes and their content over time. The content followed a natural time structure, encompassing phases of the bombing experience that were organized into three overarching categories containing individual themes: (a) experience of the bomb blast including themes of sensory experience and cognitions, (b) immediate aftermath including themes of structural damage, helping others, escape and physical injury, and (c) later reflections. The general content and focus of the narratives changed minimally between the baseline and follow‐up interviews, but there was considerable compression of detail in the follow‐up interviews. Narrative details demonstrating consistency across time may represent the most salient meaning derived from the disaster experience. These findings have potential applicability to therapeutic interventions for working with survivors of terrorism and other disasters.
Novel habitat associations and seasonality in threatened Mitchell’s water monitors (Varanus mitchelli): Implications for conservation
Authors: de Laive Alana , Schembri Brendan , Jolly Chris J.
Published: March 2021

Mitchell’s water monitors (Varanus mitchelli) are a small to medium‐sized (<1 m TL) Australian varanid lizard endemic to northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory, extending just into north‐western Queensland. They are a semi‐aquatic, semi‐arboreal monitor, typically thought of as being associated with freshwater riparian habitats. Following the arrival of cane toads (Rhinella marina) across their distribution, V. mitchelli were observed to have suffered precipitous population declines and local extinctions due to lethal toxic ingestion of toads. Here, we present observations of V. mitchelli from previously unreported saline and brackish habitats, as well as information on the cryptic behaviour and seasonal activity of this threatened species in Darwin, Northern Territory. Currently, because V. mitchelli are undocumented in mangrove and littoral habitats, ecological consultants in northern Australia are considering such habitats unsuitable for this threatened varanid and are not recommending targeted surveys for this species in these habitats. We argue that the niche occupied by V. mitchelli is broader than currently recognised and they should be considered as potentially occurring in most mangrove habitats across their known range. We also suggest species‐appropriate survey techniques to improve detection of this very cryptic threatened species. Concerningly, despite recently being recognised as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), V. mitchelli are currently not recognised as threatened by the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999.
My Love from the Mountain: Contingent bordering processes at Mount Changbai/Baekdu
Authors: Lu Xiaoxuan
Published: March 2021

Critical examinations of the enduring geographical myth of natural borders challenge the technical approach toward borders that tempts us to think about and act in the world in exclusively territorial and geometric terms. Drawing insights from and seeking to contribute to existing literature on the reification, naturalisation, and fetishisation of borders, this two‐part paper presents a unique case study of contingent bordering processes at Mount Changbai/Baekdu in the China–Korea Borderland. The first part investigates the making and remaking of the China–Korea border from the late 17th century to the 20th century, to reveal how the narratives of Mount Changbai/Baekdu as a “holy mountain” and a “natural border” were conceived and imposed to legitimise the Manchu‐Qing Chinese and Chosŏn‐Korean regimes respectively, and how these narratives were challenged and superseded in subsequent social and political circumstances. The second part investigates the complex ways these narratives have been appropriated by examining contemporary bordering processes as revealed in the commodification of mineral water, with a particular focus on the development of two brands of bottled water, one South Korean and one Chinese, both extracted from the Chinese side of Mount Changbai/Baekdu. This paper highlights the distinctiveness of non‐Western border concepts and practices, and the importance of making reference to them when discussing border and territorial issues in specifically Asian contexts with diverse traditions of territorial governance. It also points out the pressing need to investigate the contemporary socio‐economic implications of the complex intertwining of history, memory, and identity in borderlands. This is particularly the case given the surge of domestic and foreign corporate investment flowing into Asia’s borderland regions, transforming 20th‐century economic backwaters into 21st‐century hotbeds of resource exploitation and commodity production, even while the “ghosts of borderland’s past” continue to bedevil relations between cultures that have no contemporary physical borders.
A chemical and bio‐herbicide mixture increased exotic invaders, both targeted and non‐targeted, across a diversely invaded landscape after fire
Authors: Lazarus Brynne E. , Germino Matthew J.
Published: March 2021

Questions

Invasive‐plant treatments often target a single or few species, but many landscapes are diversely invaded. Exotic annual grasses (EAGs) increase wildfires and degrade native perennial plant communities in cold‐desert rangelands, and herbicides are thus sprayed to inhibit EAG germination and establishment. We asked how EAG target and non‐target species responded to an herbicide mixture sprayed over a large, topographically diverse landscape after wildfire. We focused on how whole‐community and natural EAG‐pathogen treatment responses varied over years and physical properties of sites.

Location

Sagebrush steppe of southwest Idaho, USA.

Methods

We monitored plant cover and diversity in 41 pairs of plots located inside or outside areas (486 ha total) treated with a combined aerial broadcast spray of pre‐emergent herbicide (imazapic) and weed‐suppressive bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, “MB906”) to target EAGs after wildfires.

Results

EAG cover and exotic species richness were initially less in treated plots but increased to levels similar to or greater than those of untreated plots by the third post‐treatment year. The EAG pathogen Ustilago bullata was not directly affected by the treatment. The treatment increased exotic perennial forb cover in all plots and exotic annual forb cover in cooler/wetter plots but reduced exotic annual forb cover in warmer/drier plots. Cover of the invasive biennial grass Poa bulbosa decreased more across study years in untreated than treated plots. Among natives, the treatment reduced perennial grass cover and annual forb presence but led to marginal increases in perennial forb cover and, on soils with less gravel, increased shrub presence.

Conclusions

A treatment targeting a single plant functional group did not achieve lasting success in these diversely invaded communities. Spraying alone did not release native perennials sufficiently to counteract the simultaneous release of secondary invaders and the return of target invaders. Planting or seeding may also be needed to achieve management goals.
Fire slightly decreases the competitive effects of a thorny cushion shrub in a semi‐arid mountain steppe in the short term
Authors: Bahalkeh Khadijeh , Abedi Mehdi , Dianati Tilaki Ghasem Ali , Michalet Richard
Published: March 2021

Questions

Studies in alpine environments have highlighted dominant facilitative effects of cushion species for diversity. Many fewer studies have assessed the effects of cushion shrubs in drier and less cold mountain habitats and how these effects vary within the shrub canopy and with increasing drought stress with exposure and disturbance by fire.

Location

A mountain steppe of the Golestan National Park in the semi‐arid climate of northeast Iran.

Methods

We quantified the cover of understorey species at the center and edge of the canopy of the thorny cushion shrubOnobrychis cornutaand in paired open areas, in north and south exposures and unburned and burned plots, two years after a fire. Soil chemical variables and moisture were measured in treatments. We quantified cushions’ center and edge effects on understorey species cover with the Relative Interaction Index (RII). Treatment effects on RII cover were analyzed with generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMM) and species composition with Correspondence Analysis.

Results

In unburned plots, competition for cover was very high at cushion centers and strongly decreased at cushion edges. Exposure stress did not affect competition in unburned plots. Fire slightly decreased competition but only at center cushion shrub position and at south exposure. Species composition was mostly affected by exposure and fire treatments, although there was subtle variation in species composition among patches due to fire. Cushion position, fire and exposure treatments affected soil moisture and chemical variables, but soil changes did not explain cushion effects on understorey cover and their variations along treatments.

Conclusions

The effects of the cushion shrub were highly negative and in particular at cushion center, likely due to interference and competition for light in a dry and not too cold environment. Fire only slightly decreased competition in the short term, likely due to the delayed response of understorey species to disturbance induced by fire.
Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and lifespan: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Daghlas Iyas , Gill Dipender
Published: March 2021

Aims

It is unknown whether long‐term low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) lowering increases lifespan and longevity in a general population not selected for elevated cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to investigate the overall and gene‐specific effect of circulating LDL‐c levels on lifespan and longevity in a general population.

Methods

Leveraging data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 173 082), we identified genetic variants to proxy LDL‐c levels generally, and also through perturbation of particular drug targets (HMGCR, NPC1L1 and PCSK9). We investigated their association with lifespan (n = 1 012 240) using Mendelian randomization, and replicated results using the outcome of longevity to the 90th vs. 60th percentile age (11 262 cases/25 483 controls).

Results

A 1‐standard deviation increase in genetically proxied LDL‐c was associated with 1.2 years lower lifespan (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.55, −0.87; P = 3.83 × 10−12). Findings were consistent in statistical sensitivity analyses, and when considering the outcome of longevity (odds ratio for survival to the 90th vs 60th percentile age 0.72, 95% CI 0.64, 0.81, P = 7.83 × 10−8). Gene‐specific Mendelian randomization analyses showed a significant effect of LDL‐c modification through PCSK9 on lifespan (−0.99 years, 95% CI −1.43, 0.55, P = 6.80 × 10−6); however, estimates for HMGCR and NPC1L1 were underpowered.

Conclusions

This genetic evidence supports that higher LDL‐c levels reduce lifespan and longevity. In a general population that is not selected for increased cardiovascular risk, there is likely to be a net lifespan benefit of LDL‐c lowering therapies, particularly for PCSK9 inhibitors, although randomized controlled trials are necessary before modification of clinical practice.
A two‐generation approach to postpartum care: Building on the well‐baby visit
Authors: Handler Arden , Bergo Cara , Dominik Bethany , Bier Esther , Caskey Rachel
Published: March 2021

Background

Although postpartum (PP) care is essential for the health and well‐being of women and their infants, many women in the United States do not receive PP care. In order to ensure that women's PP needs are met, it is essential to develop delivery models that address their barriers to care. The objective of the current study was to obtain women's feedback and perspectives about delivering women's health care at the well‐baby visit (WBV) using a modified mixed‐methods approach including open‐ended interviews and surveys.

Methods

Twenty brief open‐ended interviews were conducted with PP women at a large urban medical center in Chicago. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded following a mixed deductive and inductive approach and analyzed using Dedoose. Following the interview analysis, surveys with 50 immediate PP women and 50 who were 2‐4 months PP were conducted. Statistical analyses included frequencies and chi‐square tests to determine differences between participants interviewed at the two time periods.

Results

Key themes that emerged from the open‐ended interviews include the tension between the desire for continuity of care (prenatal to PP) and the desire for convenient care. The surveys found that 86%‐94% of women would be interested in receiving PP care at the same clinic site and time as their new baby.

Conclusions

One approach to addressing women's PP health and need for convenient care is the provision of components of women's health care at the WBV. Therefore, we present an innovative two‐generation model for PP care focusing on needs of both the woman and infant.
Longitudinal evaluation of determinants of the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in early childhood
Authors: Lopes Ana Beatriz Silva , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Machado Gabrielly Fernandes , Vieira‐Andrade Raquel Gonçalves , Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Fernandes Izabella Barbosa
Published: March 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether the trajectory of family income, parental education and clinical variables are associated with the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries among children.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted with 439 children between one and three years of age, evaluated at baseline and re‐evaluated after three years. Sociodemographic and economic variables, untreated dental caries and biofilm were investigated both at baseline and at the 3‐year follow‐up. The pufa index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess) was used to diagnose the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.

Results

The prevalence of pufa ≥1 was 18.2% in the follow‐up. The following variables were associated with a higher risk of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries: mother's low schooling level at baseline and follow‐up (RR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04‐2.18), incidence or baseline presence of biofilm (RR = 4.66; 95% CI: 2.02‐10.74), cavitated dental caries at baseline (RR = 3.57; 95% CI:1.86 to 6.83) and incidence of cavitated dental caries (RR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.24‐3.35).

Conclusion

Low maternal schooling level, biofilm, cavitated dental caries at baseline, and incidence of dental caries were the factors determining the consequences of untreated dental caries.
Differing performance of two assays for the measurement of anti‐Mullerian hormone in premenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bell Robin J. , Skiba Marina A. , Sikaris Ken , Liu Angela , Islam Rakibul M. , Davis Susan R.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To compare the performance of two anti‐Mullerian (AMH) assays over a range of concentrations, in samples collected from young women.

Design

A cross‐sectional method‐comparison study of 168 non‐healthcare‐seeking women.

Participants

Included women were aged 18–39 years, not recently pregnant, breast feeding or using systemic hormones.

Measurements

Serum AMH levels were analysed with the Beckman Coulter Access 2 assay from fresh samples and the Ansh picoAMH assay using samples stored at −80°C, in a parallel setting. Comparisons between the two assays were examined using Bland‐Altman plots.

Results

Participants had a mean ± SD age of 32.6 ± 5.4 years and body mass index of 28.1 ± 7.9 kg/m2, and 60.1% were parous. Although the assay results were highly correlated (Spearman correlation .982, P < .001), the relationship between the assays was nonlinear. Serum AMH values below 4 pmol/L were lower with the picoAMH assay compared with the Access AMH assay (mean difference in this range was −0.49 pmol/L), but for samples with a mean value above 10 pmol/L, the picoAMH assay consistently measured higher than the Access AMH assay (mean difference in this range was +8.2 pmol/L). As AMH concentrations increased the absolute discrepancy between the assays also increased.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that despite the high correlation between two commercially available AMH assays, the assays performed in a discordant manner at high and low concentrations. Hence, the results of these assays are not interchangeable, highlighting the need to establish specific reference limits for individual assays to guide clinical decision‐making and the challenge of establishing future universal cut‐offs for the application of AMH levels in clinical practice.
Niche segregation mechanisms in marine apex predators inhabiting dynamic environments
Authors: Astarloa Amaia , Glennie Richard , Chust Guillem , García‐Baron Isabel , Boyra Guillermo , Martínez Udane , Rubio Anna , Louzao Maite
Published: March 2021

Aim

Understanding the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of species is key to preserve full ecosystem functioning. In dynamic environments, the study of ecological niches faces the complexity associated to the three dimensionality of the habitat and requires information that reflects such heterogeneity. Within this context, this study intends to identify the segregation mechanisms behind the co‐occurrence of five phylogenetically related pelagic birds by applying a functional perspective based on seabirds' vertical ranges and prey availability features such as depth and body size.

Location

Bay of Biscay.

Methods

Based on the hypothesis that niche differentiation may occur in any of the three dimensions of the marine environment, we (a) identified the biologically meaningful vertical range affecting seabird species, (b) modelled their environmental and trophic niches, (c) estimated an environmental and trophic overlap index for each pairwise species, and (d) developed a conceptual framework with the most plausible segregation hypotheses.

Results

The application of the conceptual framework revealed that in this particular area, pelagic birds coexist through environmental and trophic niche partitioning and potentially through vertical segregation, based on the different biologically meaningful vertical ranges we identified for each species. Indeed, some species responded to prey and oceanographic conditions on the surface (10 m), while others responded to the conditions on deeper waters (above the depth of maximum temperature gradient). These different responses could be interpreted as an additional mechanism to reduce competition, although seabirds diving records would be needed to contrast this hypothesis.

Main conclusions

Niche differentiation was found to be primarily driven by trophic and environmental niche partitioning, although species were also influenced by conditions on the vertical dimension. Considering all the dimensions of the niche is essential to fully understand how diving seabirds coexist in dynamic systems and provides insights on species' 3D niches that may help advance into their management.
Heart valve calcification and cardiac hemodynamics
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Barbieri Andrea , Benfari Giovanni , Gaibazzi Nicola , Erlicher Andrea , Mureddu Gianfrancesco , Frattini Silvia , Faden Giacomo , Manicardi Marcella , Beraldi Monica , Agostini Francesco , Lazzarini Valentina , Moreo Antonella , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Magni Giovanna , Pressman Gregg , Faggiano Pompilio
Published: March 2021

Abstarct

Purpose

Heart valve calcification (VC) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the hemodynamic and functional profile of patients affected by VC has not been fully explored.

Methods

The study population was formed by consecutive unselected patients included in seven echocardiographic laboratories in a 2‐week period. A comprehensive echocardiographic examination was performed. VC was defined by the presence of calcification on at least one valve.

Results

Population was formed of 1098 patients (mean age 65 ± 15 years; 47% female). VC was present in 31% of the overall population. Compared with subjects without VC, VC patients were older (60 ± 14 vs 75 ± 9; P < .0001), had more hypertension (40% vs 57%; P = .0005), diabetes (11% vs 18%; P = .002), coronary artery disease (22% vs 38%; P = .04), and chronic kidney disease (4% vs 8%; P = .007). Furthermore, VC patients had lower ejection fraction (55 ± 14 vs 53 ± 25; P < .0001), worse diastolic function (E/e’ 8.5 ± 4.6 vs 13.0 ± 7.1; P < .0001) and higher pulmonary artery pressure (29 ± 9 vs 37 ± 12; P < .0001). The association between VC and EF was not independent of etiology (p for VC 0.13), whereas the association with E/e’ and PASP was independent in a full multivariate model (P < .0001 and P = .0002, respectively).

Conclusion

Heart valve calcification patients were characterized by a worse functional and hemodynamic profile compared to patients with normal valve. The association between VC and diastolic function and PASP were independent in comprehensive multivariate models.
On the spillover effect of China's outward FDI in Germany
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Yang , Zhang Mingxin
Published: March 2021

The outward foreign direct investments of China have been steadily decreasing since the 21st century up to a point where the country has begun to passively accept direct investments from outsiders and holding off its active investments in expansion. Such trend has motivated scholars to examine the effects of countering investment. In line with these efforts, this study uses German firm‐level data from the Academus database to examine the investment of China in Germany as its research object. Using the new investment review system as a quasi‐natural experimental event construction instrument variable, an empirical analysis of how the investments of China in Germany can produce spillover effects on the productivity of German firms highlights the significant and robust effects of such investments as well as their negative horizontal and backward vertical spillover. Such negative spillover effect is particularly salient among German industries with low product heterogeneity, import and export intensities, and R&D levels of China.
Active equine parvovirus‐hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in Austrian horses of advanced age
Authors: Badenhorst Marcha , de Heus Phebe , Auer Angelika , Tegtmeyer Birthe , Stang Alexander , Dimmel Katharina , Tichy Alexander , Kubacki Jakub , Bachofen Claudia , Steinmann Eike , Cavalleri Jessika M. V.
Published: March 2021

Background

Equine parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) research is in its infancy. Information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection.

Objectives

Determining the prevalence of EqPV‐H in Austrian equids. Investigating factors increasing probability of infection, liver‐associated biochemistry parameters, concurrent equine hepacivirus (EqHV) infection and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants.

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Sera from 259 horses and 13 donkeys in Austria were analysed for anti‐EqPV‐H VP1‐specific antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and EqPV‐H DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection status, sex and age were described. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids and albumin concentrations were compared between horses with active infection and PCR‐negative horses. PCR targeting partial EqPV‐H NS1 was performed and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants was conducted. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of four Austrian variants were determined by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with published sequences.

Results

Horses' EqPV‐H seroprevalence was 30.1% and DNA prevalence was 8.9%. One horse was co‐infected with EqHV. Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV‐H infection was identified in 16‐ to 31‐year‐old horses, compared with 1‐ to 8‐year‐old horses (P = 0.002; OR = 8.19; 95% CI = 1.79 to 37.50) and 9‐ to 15‐year‐old horses (P = 0.03; OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.08 to 8.17). Liver‐associated plasma parameters were not significantly different between horses with active infection and controls. Austrian EqPV‐H variants revealed high similarity to sequences worldwide. No evidence of EqPV‐H was detected in donkeys.

Main limitations

Equids’ inclusion depended upon owner consent. There was only one sampling point per animal and the sample of donkeys was small.

Conclusions

EqPV‐H antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in Austrian horses, without associated hepatitis in horses with active infection. The risk of active EqPV‐H infection increases with increasing age. Phylogenetic evidence supports close relation of EqPV‐H variants globally, including Austrian variants.
Whose parenting stress is more vulnerable to marital dissatisfaction? A within‐couple approach examining gender, cognitive reappraisal, and parental identity
Authors: Kuo Patty X. , Johnson Victoria J.
Published: March 2021

Conflict and tension in the couple relationship transfers to the parent–child relationship, amplifying the stress parents experience while parenting young children. Pinpointing moderating and individual‐level factors that exist in this spillover process may identify both couple and individual areas where spillover might be mitigated. This study used a within‐couple approach to test for gender differences in marital‐to‐parenting spillover and to examine the moderating roles of gender, parental identity, and the emotion regulation strategy cognitive reappraisal in the linkages between marital–parenting spillover. From a larger study of parenting experiences, 96 mother–father couples of young children (mean age = 3.22 years) reported on measures of marital satisfaction, cognitive reappraisal, parenting identity, and parenting stress. Using path model comparisons, we found more similarities than differences between mothers and fathers and, contrary to the hypothesis, that mothers experienced greater spillover between marital satisfaction and parental distress than fathers. Results differed between outcome measures, suggesting that parents experience more spillover from marital satisfaction to parenting in the context of parental distress than in dysfunctional interactions with their child. Importantly, we found that higher parental identity strengthened marital‐to‐parenting spillover for mothers in contrast to expectations based on theoretical assumptions, whereas cognitive reappraisal weakened marital‐to‐parenting spillover, supporting the broader emotion regulation literature. These results signify the importance of situating the marriage to parenting transfer in the context of affective experiences and intensified parenting expectations, wherein flexibility in role identity may help alleviate parenting stress.
Physical examination for the detection of hypervolemia among patients on chronic dialysis: A diagnostic‐test study
Authors: Tsikliras Nikolaos C. , Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Vaios Vasilios , Kousoula Varvara , Kirgialanis Apostolos , Chatzidimitriou Christos , Mavromatidis Kostantinos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Zebekakis Pantelis E. , Balaskas Elias V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Assessment of dry‐weight among patients on dialysis is challenging in the absence of reliable markers to define fluid overload (FO). This study aimed to explore the value of two simple clinical signs, pedal edema, and crackles at pulmonary auscultation, in diagnosing hypervolemia, using bioimpendence spectroscopy (BIS) as reference standard.

Methods

In a cohort of 107 asymptomatic dialysis patients, FO was assessed with physical examination and BIS shortly before the mid‐week dialysis session. Patients were also asked to perform home blood pressure (BP) monitoring with a validated, automatic device (HEM‐705, Omron, Healthcare) for 1 week in order to determine their BP outside of dialysis.

Findings

Patients within the high tertile of predialysis FO had longer dialysis vintage, lower serum albumin and higher home systolic BP, despite the more aggressive treatment with a higher average number of antihypertensives daily. In receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, pedal edema (area under curve [AUC]: 0.534; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.416–0.651) and pulmonary crackles (AUC: 0.551; 95% CI: 0.432–0.671) had limited accuracy in detecting excess predialysis FO > 2.2 L. The agreement of pedal edema (k‐coefficient: 0.065) and pulmonary crackles (k‐coefficient: 0.122) with BIS‐derived FO was poor. In multivariate linear regression analysis, longer dialysis vintage (β: 0.306, p < 0.001) and higher home systolic BP (β: 0.287, p < 0.01) were the two factors that were associated with predialysis FO.

Conclusions

This study showed that among asymptomatic dialysis patients, pedal edema and pulmonary crackles in physical examination had limited discriminatory power in detection of FO, as assessed with the method of BIS.
Rapid assessment of the three‐dimensional distribution of dominant arboreal ants in tropical forests
Authors: Leponce Maurice , Dejean Alain , Mottl Ondrej , Klimes Petr
Published: March 2021

Ants are omnipresent in tropical forests, especially territorially dominant arboreal ants whose territories are spatially segregated forming ‘ant mosaics’. These ecologically important species are rarely used in conservation monitoring because of the difficulty in collecting them. We developed a standardised baitline protocol to study the distribution of dominant ants on canopy trees and also a procedure to objectively define species dominance, even in unknown ant assemblages.

Besides eliminating the need to climb trees, this protocol allows live arboreal ant specimens to be sampled at different heights. Behavioural aggressiveness assays between the collected workers provide data on the three‐dimensional distribution of colonies and on interactions between species. We compared the results of the behavioural tests to those from null models.

In the New Guinean lowland forest studied, we show that the canopy was either shared by multiple territorial species or inhabited by a single species with a large territory. The baitline protocol collected up to half of the arboreal ant species found in a felling census. However, the proportion of species collected at baits decreased with the increasing spatial dominance of single territorial species.

Behavioural observations used in the protocol allowed a more efficient detection of ant mosaics than null models. Territorially dominant ants were active on both understorey and canopy trees.

The protocol is fast and easy to replicate. It is a potential tool for understanding and monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of arboreal ant assemblages and can detect populous colonies, including those of invasive species.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the mental health of university students in Sichuan Province, China: An online cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Kai‐Han , Wang Lei , Liu Hui , Li Lin‐Xia , Jiang Xiao‐Lian
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging public health problem threatening not only the life but also the normal psychology of people. University students’ mental health is the focus in the field of higher education. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought into attention the mental health problems of this vulnerable group. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the mental health of university students in Sichuan Province, China. We conducted a cross‐sectional study from April 2020 to May 2020. The participants responded to an online questionnaire that included informed consent, basic information, 20‐item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20), and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). We received 521 effective responses. The results included the following: 19.0% of respondents reported distress, and 31.5%, 8.1%, and 5.8% of them reported mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively; respondents aged ≤ 22 years, medical students, and those who were in general health reported more distress than others; and medical students and those who paid more attention to pandemic information reported more anxiety than others. Findings suggest that the mental health of university students should be monitored during pandemic, especially for younger students, medical students, students in general health status, and those who paid too much attention to the news of the pandemic. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to other regions of China or other countries.
A comparison of features in a crowdsourced phishing warning system
Authors: Nguyen Christopher , Jensen Matthew L. , Durcikova Alexandra , Wright Ryan T.
Published: March 2021

Initial research on using crowdsourcing as a collaborative method for helping individuals identify phishing messages has shown promising results. However, the vast majority of crowdsourcing research has focussed on crowdsourced system components broadly and understanding individuals' motivation in contributing to crowdsourced systems. Little research has examined the features of crowdsourced systems that influence whether individuals utilise this information, particularly in the context of warnings for phishing emails. Thus, the present study examined four features related to warnings derived from a mock crowdsourced anti‐phishing warning system that 438 participants were provided to aid in their evaluation of a series of email messages: the number of times an email message was reported as being potentially suspicious, the source of the reports, the accuracy rate of the warnings (based on reports) and the disclosure of the accuracy rate. The results showed that crowdsourcing features work together to encourage warning acceptance and reduce anxiety. Accuracy rate demonstrated the most prominent effects on outcomes related to judgement accuracy, adherence to warning recommendations and anxiety with system use. The results are discussed regarding implications for organisations considering the design and implementation of crowdsourced phishing warning systems that facilitate accurate recommendations.
Person‐Centred Care for older people: Convergence and assessment of users’ relatives’ and staff's perspectives
Authors: Martínez Teresa , Postigo Álvaro , Cuesta Marcelino , Muñiz José
Published: March 2021

Aim

Develop two psychometrically sound questionnaires to assess users’ and relatives’ opinions of Person‐Centred Care. Evaluate the convergence between the perspectives of the different agents involved in Person‐Centred Care in the older people: Users, relatives and staff. Examine the relationships between Person‐Centred Care and care quality and the users’ perceived psychological well‐being.

Design

We used the psychometric technology involved in the development and analysis of tests for the first objective. For the second and third objectives, we used a descriptive‐correlational design.

Method

The sample comprised 636 clients of older people care residences, 742 relatives and 844 healthcare professionals. The mean age of the centre residents was 81.62 years old (SD = 9.51), the mean age of relatives was 56.7 (SD = 10.15) and the mean age of healthcare professionals was 39.94 (SD = 10.56). Data collection lasted 10 months, between May 2017 and March 2018. Two new Person‐Centred Care instruments were developed and the correlations between different agents were calculated.

Results

The newly developed measurement instruments demonstrated a unidimensional structure and high internal consistency and stability over time (users: α = .96, ω = .96, r = .91; relatives: α = .97, ω = .97, r = .95). There was high convergence between the Person‐Centred Care evaluations from the staff, users and relatives, with correlations ranging between .62 and .76.

Conclusion

The new measurement instruments were reliable and valid. The opinions of the staff, users and relatives about Person‐Centred Care in the residential centres were in good agreement. Furthermore, Person‐Centred Care was associated with care quality and residents’ psychological well‐being.

Impact

A gap in the literature is an examination of the extent to which assessments of Person‐Centred Care made by staff agree with those by users of the services and their relatives. In order to do that, two new measuring instruments were developed, which showed excellent psychometric properties, and are able to reliably, validly evaluate Person‐Centred Care.
Hemodynamic responses to In‐Bed Cycle Exercise in the acute phase after moderate to severe stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sandberg Klas , Kleist Marie , Enthoven Paul , Wijkman Magnus
Published: March 2021

Hemodynamic responses to exercise in the acute phase after moderate to severe stroke have remained poorly investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled study, in which 52 (32 women) patients with moderate to severe stroke were randomized to three weeks of 20 minutes in‐bed cycle exercise 5 days per week or to usual care, was to explore the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise and to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the resting and post‐test systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate, and on the systolic blood pressure response to exercise. We found that resting SBP decreased from baseline to post‐intervention in both the intervention group (147.7 ± 18.1 mmHg to 125.3 ± 17.1 mmHg, P < .001) and in the control group (147.8 ± 23.7 mmHg to 131.4 ± 14.8 mmHg, P < .001) without a significant difference between the groups (interaction P = .308). However, there was a significant difference (interaction P = .010) regarding how Δ SBP (change in SBP from pre‐test to post‐test) changed from baseline to post‐intervention. In the intervention group, Δ SBP increased from −1.0 ± 15.0 mmHg to 8.5 ± 9.4 mmHg, P = .009, whereas in the control group, Δ SBP decreased from 7.1 + 10.9 mmHg to 4.5 + 11.8 mmHg, P = .395. We conclude that patients randomized to in‐bed cycle exercise seemed to normalize their blood pressure response to exercise to a larger extent than patients in the control group.
Wikipedia matters
Authors: Hinnosaar Marit , Hinnosaar Toomas , Kummer Michael , Slivko Olga
Published: March 2021

We document a causal impact of online user‐generated information on real‐world economic outcomes. In particular, we conduct a randomized field experiment to test whether additional content on Wikipedia pages about cities affects tourists' choices of overnight visits. Our treatment of adding information to Wikipedia increases overnight stays in treated cities compared to nontreated cities. The impact is largely driven by improvements to shorter and relatively incomplete pages on Wikipedia. Our findings highlight the value of digital public goods for informing individual choices.
Effectiveness of chest physiotherapy using passive slow expiratory techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pouzot‐Nevoret Céline , Magnin Mathieu , Barthélemy Anthony , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle , Cambournac Maxime , Nectoux Alexandra , Allaouchiche Bernard
Published: March 2021

Background

Prolonged slow expiration (PSE) and assisted cough (AC) are airway clearance techniques feasible and well tolerated in dogs.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of PSE and AC as chest physiotherapy (CP) techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation.

Animals

Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit from October 2014 to May 2018.

Methods

Prospective randomized controlled trial. Dogs presented with or developing acute dyspnea during hospitalization associated with airway fluid accumulation were assigned to CP group (medical treatment and CP, 15 dogs) or control group (medical treatment alone, 16 dogs). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (P/F ratio; PaO2/FiO2 × 100) was calculated daily for the 1st 48 hours of hospitalization and using the last arterial blood gas performed before discharge or death. The ratio of days of hospitalization with oxygen/total number of hospitalization days (ratio of oxygen‐free‐days [O2Free]) was calculated.

Results

During the 1st 48 hours, the P/F ratio increased significantly in the CP group compared to the control group (+ 35.1 mm Hg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4‐57.5; P = .03). The (median; 1st quartile to 3rd quartile) difference between the P/F ratio at discharge and inclusion was significantly higher in the CP group (178 mm Hg; 123‐241) than in the control group (54 mm Hg; −19 ‐ 109; P = .001). Mean O2Free increased by 46.4% in the CP group compared with control group (95% CI = 16‐59; P = .001). Mortality was 13% (2/15) in the CP group and 44% (7/16) in the control group (P = .07).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Prolonged slow expiration and AC improved P/F ratio within 48 hours and decreased need for oxygenation in dyspneic dogs with acute airway fluid accumulation.
Plasma amino acid concentrations during experimental hyperinsulinemia in 2 laminitis models
Authors: Stokes Simon M. , Stefanovski Darko , Bertin François‐René , Medina‐Torres Carlos E. , Belknap James K. , van Eps Andrew W.
Published: March 2021

Background

Endocrinopathic laminitis develops in association with insulin dysregulation, but the role of insulin in the pathogenesis remains unclear. Hyperinsulinemia can cause hypoaminoacidemia, which is associated with integumentary lesions in other species and therefore warrants investigation as a potential mechanism in laminitis.

Objective

Evaluate plasma amino acid concentrations in the euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and prolonged glucose infusion (PGI) laminitis models.

Animals

Sixteen Standardbred horses.

Methods

Prospective experimental study. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in samples collected every 6 hours from horses that underwent a 48‐hour EHC (n = 8) or 66‐hour PGI (n = 8) after a 24‐ or 6‐hour baseline period in EHC and PGI groups, respectively.

Results

Fifteen of the 20 measured amino acid concentrations decreased over time in both EHC and PGI horses (P < 0.001). The median percentage change from baseline for these amino acids was: histidine (EHC: 41.5%; PGI: 43.9%), glutamine (EHC: 51.8%; PGI: 35.3%), arginine (EHC: 51.4%; PGI: 41%), glutamic acid (EHC: 52.4%; PGI: 31.7%), threonine (EHC: 62.8%; PGI: 25.2%), alanine (EHC: 48.9%; PGI: 19.5%), proline (EHC: 56.2%; PGI: 30.3%), cystine (EHC: 34.9%; PGI: 31.2%), lysine (EHC: 46.4%; PGI: 27.8%), tyrosine (EHC: 27.5%; PGI: 16.9%), methionine (EHC: 69.3%; PGI: 50.8%), valine (EHC: 50.8%; PGI: 34.4%), isoleucine (EHC: 60.8%; PGI: 38.7%), leucine (EHC: 48.2%; PGI: 36.6%), and phenylalanine (EHC: 16.6%; PGI: 12.1%).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hypoaminoacidemia develops in EHC and PGI laminitis models. The role of hypoaminoacidemia in the development of hyperinsulinemia‐associated laminitis warrants further investigation.
Student Artifacts as Language Learning Materials: A New Materialist Analysis of South Korean Job Seekers’ Student‐Generated Materials Use
Authors: KIM MISO , CANAGARAJAH SURESH
Published: March 2021

South Korean job seekers face pressure to produce high scores on standardized English tests, which leads to the prominence of test‐oriented pedagogy. Though recent scholarship illustrates how materials reflect the values of society and how these are negotiated in classrooms it has mainly analyzed preexisting published books, leaving the potential of student‐generated materials (SGMs) underexplored. By using a new materialist perspective (Canagarajah, 2018a; Toohey, 2019), this study (a) investigates how language learning and teaching activities are distributed across SGMs, learners, and classroom resources and (b) what emerges from the intra‐actions of the participants and the resources during and after an 8‐week SGM program. Two participants used business presentation materials, job interview questions, résumés, newspaper articles, and YouTube clips as SGMs. Qualitative thematic analysis of their SGMs, interviews, narratives, field notes, and classroom interaction indicated that the participants’ second‐language (L2) activities with SGMs were distributed across diverse material resources and communication strategies. Their pedagogical outcomes from the SGM‐mediated activities were synergistic, and not reducible to a disembodied cause‐and‐effect analysis. The findings suggest the potential of SGMs for learners to take advantage of distributed L2 repertoires and create new learning opportunities.
Sociomateriality of Semiscripted Pair‐Work Prompts in Beginner‐Level Japanese‐as‐a‐Foreign‐Language Classrooms
Authors: HASEGAWA ATSUSHI
Published: March 2021

In order to conceptualize materials used in pair‐work activities from a sociomaterialist perspective, this study examined the moment‐by‐moment unfolding of 67 pair‐work interactions in beginner‐level Japanese‐as‐a‐foreign‐language classrooms. The types of pair‐work materials used in the focal classrooms—either textbook or teacher‐designed activities—were highly controlled with specific sequences of turns that learners were expected to follow. My analysis revealed that each phase of pair work—opening, main, and closing—entailed 2 concurrent layers of orientation to the ongoing event, namely, a ‘pedagogical‐activity layer’ and ‘normative‐interaction layer.’ The pedagogical‐activity layer, in which students followed the prescribed turns, was constructed as private and individualistic, whereas the normative‐interaction layer, in which students used normal interactional procedures, point to its collaborative, contingent, and remedial or corrective nature. The examination of pair‐work cases with these layers helps us better understand the intricacy and subtlety involved in the use of learning materials, as well as the conflicting capabilities of the materials, pointing to a sociomaterial concept of human and nonhuman intra‐action. This article also discusses implications for task design, as well as for the theorization of task in second language acquisition research.