bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA lnc‐ABCA12‐3 promotes cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by regulating fibronectin 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Junliang , Xiao Yuhang , Tian Bo , Chen Shaolin , Zhang Baihua , Wu Jie , Wu Zhining , Li Xu , Tang Jinming , Yang Desong , Zhou Yong , Wang Hui , Su Min , Wang Wenxiang
Published: September 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We previously demonstrated that a novel lncRNA, lnc‐ABCA12‐3, was overexpressed in ESCC tissues. However, the exact function of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 is unknown. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 in ESCC and to explore the potential mechanism of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 in cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. We showed that lnc‐ABCA12‐3 was upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues and cell lines. The increased expression of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 was positively associated with advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis stages and poor prognosis. The knockdown of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 inhibited the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities of KYSE‐510 and Eca‐109 cells. We also found that fibronectin 1 (FN1) was upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues. The expression of FN1 messenger RNA was positively correlated with the expression of lnc‐ABCA12‐3 in ESCC tumor tissues. After lnc‐ABCA12‐3 knockdown, the expression of FN1 was downregulated. In addition, the overexpression of FN1 restored the abilities of cell migration, invasion and proliferation in Eca‐109 cells. Further studies indicated that lnc‐ABCA12‐3 acted as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐200b‐3p to regulate FN1 expression. In conclusion, these results suggest that lnc‐ABCA12‐3 is a novel oncogene in tumorigenesis and that its high expression is related to a poor prognosis for patients with ESCC. lnc‐ABCA12‐3 promotes cell migration, invasion, and proliferation via the regulation of FN1 in ESCC. Our data suggest that lnc‐ABCA12‐3 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
MicroRNA‐193a and taxol combination: A new strategy for treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Hejazi Maryam , Baghbani Elham , Amini Mohammad , Rezaei Tayebeh , Aghanejad Ayuob , Mosafer Jafar , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Baradaran Behzad
Published: September 2019

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) show a considerable promise as a therapeutic agent for combination therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). Given that, the current study was purposed to explore the potential therapeutic role and underlying mechanism of miR‐193a as a promising tumor suppressor in human CRC cell lines in combination with Taxol. Therefore, HT‐29 cells with the lowest expression levels of miR‐193a were treated with miR‐193a mimics and Taxol, separately or in combination. Functional analyses showed that the combination therapy inhibited migration and colony formation of HT‐29 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Moreover, treatment with Taxol reduced cell survival with an increase in mRNA expression of metastasis‐related genes caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, whereas miR‐193a transfection alone didn't significantly influence cell viability and apoptosis induction. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results also revealed that miR‐193a replacement decreased the expression levels of c‐Myc, MMP‐9, vimentin, and ROCK in treatment groups compared to the controls. Therefore, it could be concluded miR‐193a inactivates cell migration via suppression of metastasis pathways in CRC and through downregulation of c‐Myc, acts as a negative regulator of cell cycle and growth. Then, our findings imply that miR‐193a replacement combined with Taxol chemotherapy could be considered as a new potential therapeutic approach for improvement of CRC treatment.
Antithyroid cancer effects of human neural stem cells expressing therapeutic genes on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Shin Hye‐Ji , Hwang Kyung‐A. , Go Ryeo‐Eun , Kim Seung U. , Choi Kyung‐Chul
Published: September 2019

Stem cells that express therapeutic proteins have been identified to have an anticancer effects on various types of cancer. In the present study study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that were genetically engineered to express cytosine deaminase (CD) and human interferon‐β (IFN‐β) were used for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treatment owing to their tumor‐tropic properties and therapeutic effects. CD is an enzyme that converts 5‐fluorocytosine (5‐FC), a prodrug, to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) which is a medication to suppress tumor growth through DNA synthesis inhibition. Also, IFN‐β suppresses tumor growth by the induction of apoptotic process. In water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, SNU‐80 cells which are human female ATC cells were cocultured with three cell types including engineered hNSCs such as HB1.F3, HB1.F3.CD, and HB1.F3.CD.IFN‐β cells on transwells and treated with 5‐FC for 72 hours. Finally, the SNU‐80 cell viability was reduced by the coculture with HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN‐β cells. In dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF‐DA) and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the number of apoptotic cells were increased by HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN‐β cells in the presence of 5‐FC. In Western blot assay, ROS, and apoptosis‐related genes were increased in SNU‐80 cells when they were cocultured with HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN‐β cells. In transwell migration assay, hNSCs selectively migrated to SNU‐80 cells because hNSCs interacted with chemoattractant factors like SDF‐1α, uPAR, and CCR2 secreted by SNU‐80 cells. Taken together, engineered hNSCs were revealed to selectively migrate to ATC cells and to inhibit growth as well as to induce apoptosis of ATC cells via ROS production through the actions of transgenes such as CD and IFN‐β. Therefore, these engineered hNSCs can be promising candidates for the treatment of metastatic ATC.
Characterization and optimization of immunoaffinity aqueous two‐phase systems with PEGylated CD133/2‐biotin antibody in route to stem cell separation
Authors: Ornelas‐González Alonso , Reisenauer Stefanie U , González‐González Mirna , Rito‐Palomares Marco
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

A short processing time and efficient scale‐up stem cell isolation bioprocess is essential to exploit the potential of these cells for the treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Various methodologies have been used for stem cell recovery. However, most of them present economic and/or time‐consuming drawbacks.

RESULTS

This paper reports the characterization and optimization of immunoaffinity aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS), a liquid‐liquid based separation technology enhanced with the PEGylation of the antibody as a promising platform in route to the separation of CD133+ stem cells. The best results were obtained with Ucon‐DEX or PEG‐DEX systems with tie‐line length (TLL) 15 or 20% w/w and volume ratio (VR) 3. When the PEGylated antibodies were added to these selected optimized ATPS, they partitioned to both phases, but with higher preference for the bottom phase.

CONCLUSION

PEGylation was an effective strategy to induce a change in the partition behavior of the CD133/2‐biotin antibody when Ucon‐DEX ATPS were used. Similarly, variation of the parameters (TLL and VR) resulted to be useful for this goal. Nevertheless, further studies are required to find the optimal ATPS composition that will fractionate 100% of the antibody to the contaminants' opposite phase, making this system an ideal candidate to be tested for the selectivity of CD133+ stem cells. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of listener training on the development of analogical reasoning
Authors: Meyer Careen S. , Cordeiro Maria Clara , Miguel Caio F.
Published: September 2019

We evaluated the effects of listener training on the emergence of analogical reasoning, as measured via equivalence‐equivalence and explored the role of verbal behavior when solving analogy‐type tasks. We taught 18 college students to select component stimuli from 2 classes, labeled “vek” and “zog,” and evaluated tacts and relational responding in the presence of baseline (AB and BC), symmetry (BA and CB), and transitivity (AC and CA) compounds. In Experiment 1, 5 out of 6 participants passed analogy tests, but none of them engaged in the relational tacts “same” and “different” during tact tests, possibly due to lack of instructional control. A change in instructions during Experiment 2 produced relational tacts in 4 of 6 participants, and 5 participants passed analogy tests. In Experiment 3, we implemented a talk‐aloud procedure to determine if the participants were emitting relational tacts during analogy tests. All 6 participants tacted stimuli relationally and engaged in problem‐solving statements to solve analogy tests. Results from these studies suggest that listener and speaker behavior in the form of relational tacts and other problem‐solving statements influenced the participants' equivalence–equivalence performance.
An effective green and ecofriendly catalyst for synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes as promising antimicrobial agents
Authors: Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Avula Balakrishna , Guda Mallikarjuna Reddy , Gundala Sravya
Published: September 2019

An effective and suitable meglumine‐catalyzed high‐yielding process was considered and engaged for the synthesis of new bis(indolyl)methanes at ambient temperature under aqueous conditions. The catalytic reaction proceeds very smoothly. Clean reaction, ease of product isolation/purification, easily available reactant and ecofriendly reaction conditions are the notable advantages of the present methodology. All the title compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity, and the results indicated that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent activity against the tested microorganisms. In this new series, compound 3l, having nitro substituent on the aromatic ring, showed exceptional potent inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium chrysogenum.
Design, synthesis, and anticancer activities of sodium quinazolin‐4‐diselenide compounds
Authors: Zhang Yuchun , Niu Pengpeng , Wen Quanwu , Sun Lin , Wang Weili , Xu Shengguang , Liu Gang
Published: September 2019

Substituted 4‐chloroquinazoline reacted with sodium diselenide to give novel sodium quinazoline‐4‐diselenide compounds. The reaction provides an efficient and facile approach to the synthesis of sodium quinazoline‐4‐diselenide compounds. Structures of title compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. MTT assay was adopted to show anticancer activities of the compounds. Compounds 5a and 5h showed good activities against cancer‐cell lines MDA‐MB‐435, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, SiHa, and HeLa. In addition, 5a exhibited quite good anticancer effects on relative above cell lines with 10μM concentration compared with oxaliplatin and gefitinib of the commercial anticancer drugs.
Dry versus wet and gross: Comparisons between the dry skull method and gross dissection in estimations of jaw muscle cross‐sectional area and bite forces in sea otters
Authors: Law Chris J. , Mehta Rita S.
Published: September 2019

Bite force is a measure of feeding performance used to elucidate links between animal morphology, ecology, and fitness. Obtaining live individuals for in vivo bite‐force measurements or freshly deceased specimens for bite force modeling is challenging for many species. Thomason's dry skull method for mammals relies solely on osteological specimens and, therefore, presents an advantageous approach that enables researchers to estimate and compare bite forces across extant and even extinct species. However, how accurately the dry skull method estimates physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of the jaw adductor muscles and theoretical bite force has rarely been tested. Here, we use an ontogenetic series of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) to test the hypothesis that skeletomuscular traits estimated from the dry skull method accurately predicts test traits derived from dissection‐based biomechanical modeling. Although variables from these two methods exhibited strong positive relationships across ontogeny, we found that the dry skull method overestimates PCSA of the masseter and underestimates PCSA of the temporalis. Jaw adductor in‐levers for both jaw muscles and overall bite force are overestimated. Surprisingly, we reveal that sexual dimorphism in craniomandibular shape affects temporalis PCSA estimations; the dry skull method predicted female temporalis PCSA well but underestimates male temporalis PCSA across ontogeny. These results highlight the importance of accounting for sexual dimorphism and other intraspecific variation when using the dry skull method. Together, we found the dry skull method provides an underestimation of bite force over ontogeny and that the underlying anatomical components driving bite force may be misrepresented.
Circulating miRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis in patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Hao Qing‐qin , Wang Qing‐hui , Xia Wei , Qian Hui‐zhong
Published: September 2019

Emerging suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the occurrence and development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious disease. However, miRNAs in occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), a special stage of HBV infection, remain largely unknown. Herein, we conducted this study to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and then to investigate the potential roles of these miRNAs in OBI. Plasma miRNA expression profiles of three OBI patients and three healthy controls were analyzed with high through‐put miRNA sequencing technology. Altered expression of miRNAs was further confirmed with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Finally, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate the involved pathways and target genes for these differentially expressed miRNAs. Totally, 32 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between OBI and healthy controls by miRNA sequencing (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < .1, and counts per million reads ≥ 1), including 16 downregulated and 16 upregulated miRNAs. Differential expression of hsa‐miR‐486‐5p, ‐25‐3p, and ‐92a‐3p and ‐1‐3p was further validated by qRT‐PCR analysis, which was consistent with miRNA sequencing analysis. Moreover, these four miRNAs might distinguish OBI from HCs efficiently. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs were primarily involved in various biological processes related to gene expression and transcription, cell development and metabolism, protein modification and kinase activity regulation, as well as multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provided a global view of miRNA expression in plasma from OBI patients. These differentially expressed miRNAs might play important roles in the development of OBI, which provided intriguing insights into the screening and molecular mechanism of OBI.
The role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation precondition in the teleconnection of different El Niño‐Southern Oscillation types and impacts on the 15°N–15°S South American sector precipitation
Authors: Figliuolo Guilherme C. , Andreoli Rita V. , Kayano Mary T. , da Costa Jean Antunes Custódio , Rego Willy H. T. , de Moraes Djanir Sales
Published: September 2019

The Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) types and their impacts on the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) SST variability and 15°N–15°S South American precipitation during the warm and cold phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (WAMO and CAMO) were evaluated during the 1901–2012 period. The results show more frequent ENSO events during the CAMO. The El Niño (EN) (La Niña [LN]) events, regardless of type (EP or CP), during the WAMO (CAMO) were accompanied by a warming (cooling) in the TNA after its mature phases. In these cases, extratropical teleconnection patterns are established through variations in the Pacific/North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern and are accompanied by variations in the Walker circulation. For the EN (LN) in the CAMO (WAMO), the tropical teleconnections occur predominant, through the Walker cell and the zonal inter‐basin gradient, which is intensified due to the SST gradient between the eastern equatorial Pacific (non‐neutral anomalies) and the equatorial Atlantic (neutral anomalies). These circulation pattern changes affect the precipitation patterns in the 15°N–15°S South American sector during December–January–February (D(0)JF(+1)) and March–April–May (MAM(+1)). The EP EN (EPEN) events are associated with the intensification of the negative precipitation anomalies in northeastern Brazil (NEB) during the WAMO and in the central part of the Amazon during the CAMO. In the case of CP EN (CPEN) events, the greatest differences between the AMO phases occur during MAM(+1), with reverse sign anomalies over northwestern South America. In the case of LN events, the largest differences occur in NEB, with reduced rainfall in the WAMO, regardless of type EP or CP. The results presented here highlight the role of low frequency oscillations in defining the teleconnection patterns between tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, not discussed previously.
Northwestwards shift of tropical cyclone genesis position during autumn over the western North Pacific after the late 1990s
Authors: Cao Xi , Liu Yong , Wu Renguang , Bi Mingyu , Dai Yifeng , Cai Zelin
Published: September 2019

Previous study has suggested a northwestwards shift of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis position during autumn over the western North Pacific (WNP) after the late 1990s. This study replenishes two mechanisms to explain this inter‐decadal change in the WNP TC genesis position. The first mechanism is related to the mean state change. According to observational analysis and numerical simulations with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric general circulation model, a La Niña‐type Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) change and the northern Atlantic Ocean warming in the late 1990s cause a dipole pattern of lower‐level circulation change, with cyclone over the northwestern WNP and anticyclone over the southeastern WNP. This pattern is favourable for more TC genesis in the northwestern WNP. The sensitivity experiments show that the contribution from the Pacific Ocean is larger than that from the northern Atlantic Ocean. The second mechanism is related to the change in the intra‐seasonal oscillation intensity, particularly the quasi‐biweekly variation. The activity of intra‐seasonal oscillations over the southeastern WNP shows a decadal decrease around the late 1990s. Meantime, when the intra‐seasonal oscillations with tilted structure move northwestwards, they provide a favourable condition for TC genesis to be located more northwestwards after the late 1990s.
Malnutrition Predisposes to Endotoxin‐Induced Edema and Impaired Inflammatory Response in Parenterally Fed Piglets
Authors: Bæk Ole , Fabiansen Christian , Friis Henrik , Ritz Christian , Koch Jørgen , Willesen Jakob L. , Heegaard Peter M. H. , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Briend André , Golden Michael H. , Sangild Per T. , Thymann Thomas
Published: September 2019

Background: Poor nutrition status is common among hospitalized children and children in low‐income countries and may be associated with increased susceptibility to edema and infections. We hypothesized that poor nutrition status, established with a suboptimal composition of parenteral nutrition (PN), predisposes to endotoxemia‐induced edema, oxidative stress, and dysregulated immune responses. Methods: Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 3‐day‐old piglets (n = 40) were given either optimal or suboptimal composition of PN for 7 days and then infused with either saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 9 hours to induce an acute‐phase reaction. Abdominal tissue edema and blood markers of immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed. Results: Piglets receiving suboptimal nutrition showed signs of malnutrition with restricted growth, signs of inflammation (elevated C‐reactive protein [CRP], interleukin‐6, and serum amyloid A levels), oxidative stress (lower erythrocyte glutathione/hemoglobin and α‐tocopherol/cholesterol ratios), and liver dysfunction (increased liver weight and blood bilirubin levels). Perirenal edema was more excessive in malnourished LPS‐infused animals, relative to healthy LPS‐infused control animals (P < .01). Malnutrition reduced the inflammatory response to LPS (lower CRP, tumor necrosis factor‐α, haptoglobin, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) but did not influence LPS‐induced oxidative stress markers. Conclusions: We conclude that endotoxemia and malnutrition in combination lead to acute‐phase hyporesponsiveness and perirenal edema in piglets. This finding may have implications for pediatric patients that suffer from malnutrition, as their response to bacterial infections may differ substantially from patients of normal nutrition status.
The association between gingival recession and buccal bone at maxillary anterior teeth
Authors: D'Silva Eric , Fraser David , Wang Bokai , Barmak Abdul Basir , Caton Jack , Tsigarida Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Background

Gingival recession and a thin or absent buccal plate occur frequently at maxillary anterior teeth and necessitate careful treatment planning to prevent future complications. However, the association between these two conditions is unclear and the ability of gingival recession to predict underlying buccal bone deficiencies is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use clinical and radiographic data to test this association and determine the influence of demographic and clinical parameters on both conditions.

Methods

This investigation comprised a single‐center, retrospective study. Data were derived from periodontal examinations performed on 66 adult subjects. Corresponding cone‐beam computed tomography images were used to measure the width of buccal bone at two points along the root surface and the distance between the bone crest and cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ). Results were then analyzed to determine the association between the presence of gingival recession and the condition of radiographic buccal bone, as well as the relative contribution of demographic parameters and other clinical findings to gingival recession and buccal bone conditions.

Results

Gingival recession was present at 32.9% of maxillary anterior teeth and was most common at canines, followed by lateral incisors and central incisors. Mean buccal bone widths were significantly less, and the distance between the CEJ and bone crest was significantly greater for teeth with recession. Accordingly, gingival recession was a significant predictor for buccal bone thickness <1 mm at the level of 4 mm apical to the CEJ (odds ratio 2.733, 95% confidence interval 1.644 to 4.543, P < 0.0001). Probing depths were related to the presence or absence of gingival recession, while patient sex, age, and the apico‐coronal height of the gingiva were related to buccal bone thickness.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, maxillary anterior teeth with pre‐existing gingival recession were more likely to have thin (<1 mm) buccal bone.
Comparison of initial warfarin dosing in hospitalised patients considered sensitive to warfarin: low‐dose versus standard‐dose strategy
Authors: Alamri Abdulrahman M. , Almogbel Yasser S. , Salazar Miguel , Putney Kimberly , Bayat Maryam
Published: September 2019

Warfarin dosages are individualised based on disease state, target International Normalised Ratio (INR) and potential risk factors for bleeding. This retrospective case series study compared and evaluated the safety and time to reach target INR (therapeutic INR and INR >3) of two warfarin dose initiation strategies (2.5 vs 5–7.5 mg; Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in potentially warfarin‐sensitive patients. In addition, the incidence of bleeding within 15 days of starting warfarin therapy was determined. In in all, 137 patients were included in the study. The mean (±SD) time to reach an INR ≥2.0 was 7.4 ± 2.3 vs 5.84 ± 1.82 days in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in patients attaining INR >3 (p = 0.1487). In conclusion, some patients considered sensitive to warfarin could receive a loading dose of 5–7.5 mg and attain therapeutic INR faster than patients receiving 2.5 mg without an increased risk of bleeding.
Adherence to American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shadmehr Mohammad Behgam , Alaeen Zeinab , Baniasadi Shadi
Published: September 2019

Background

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) decreases the incidence of surgical site infections. However, inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance, prolonged hospital stay and adverse drug reactions.

Aim

This prospective study aimed to assess the concordance of prophylactic antibiotic administration for thoracic operations in Iran with American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines.

Methods

The appropriateness of SAP administration in 222 thoracic operations was assessed in a respiratory referral centre over a period of 4 months. Demographic, clinical and SAP data were recorded from patient files. ASHP guidelines were used to evaluate the appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic administration.

Results

Cefazolin was correctly prescribed for approximately 70% of patients who required antibiotic prophylaxis. SAP was administered at the correct time (within 60 min before surgery) for 71.6% of surgeries. Intraoperative doses were correctly given in 27.7% of prolonged procedures. In 86.7% of surgeries, antibiotic administration was continued for more than 24 h after surgery (based on a physician's opinion or recent microbiological cultures).

Conclusion

The results suggest a relatively low rate of consistency between SAP administration and ASHP guidelines in Iran. A long duration of antibiotic administration after operations is an important finding, which should be considered and re‐evaluated by thoracic surgeons in Iran.
μ‐Raman as a fundamental tool in the origin of natural or synthetic cinnabar: Preliminary data
Authors: Botticelli Michela , Maras Adriana , Candeias António
Published: September 2019

This paper is a preliminary study on the origin of the precious red pigment cinnabar by μ‐Raman analysis. The importance of this pigment is partly due to its low availability. When the mineral was used in the Roman Age, the district of Almadén, Spain, was probably the most exploited region. However, it is still not well defined if further ores were chosen for supply. A scientific methodology has to be assessed. In the present study, samples with known provenance (Spain, Slovenia, Italy, Russia, China, and minor European deposits) were collected from Italian Mineralogical and Earth Science Museums. μ‐Raman analysis was chosen to acquire structural data, which were finally treated by statistical analysis. Most of the samples from China were characterized by the presence of selenium. This was proved by the additional band at ~200 cm−1. The statistical analysis of Raman data suggests that the position of the most intense band at ~252 cm−1 also influences the discrimination of the Chinese samples. This work also demonstrates that a higher purity may be revealed by μ‐Raman analysis, eventually leading to the discrimination of natural sources from synthetic cinnabar. It also proves that the most common exploitation sites, Almadén and Idrija, may be statistically distinguished. Despite its exploratory nature, this study is intended as a successful preliminary step to gain information of provenance from a single, potentially non‐destructive technique, such as μ‐Raman spectroscopy.
Evaluation of linseed oil oleogels to partially replace pork backfat in fermented sausages
Authors: Franco Daniel , Martins Artur J , López‐Pedrouso María , Cerqueira Miguel A , Purriños Laura , Pastrana Lorenzo M , Vicente António A , Zapata Carlos , Lorenzo José M
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Nowadays, fat replacement in meat products is a matter of concern in the meat industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of pork backfat with two oleogels of linseed in dry‐cured sausages.

RESULTS

Five batches of dry‐cured sausages were prepared with two oleogels, a mixture of γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol (SO) and beeswax (B), at two levels of replacement (20% and 40%) (SO‐20, SO‐40, B‐20, and B‐40, respectively) and a control batch. The fatty acid profile improved in terms of nutrition: the polyunsaturated fatty acid / saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) and n‐6/n‐3 ratio was about 1.41 and 0.93 for the higher levels of replacement, SO‐40 and B‐40, respectively. Quality parameters such as pH and color also changed with the inclusion of oleogels, resulting in changes in the sensory quality.

CONCLUSION

Oleogels based on linseed enabled the replacement of pork backfat in fermented sausages. Depending on the level of fat substitution, such oleogels could replace fat in dry‐cured sausages at the industrial level. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term effect of early antibiotic exposure on amino acid profiles and gene expression of transporters and receptors in the small intestinal mucosa of growing pigs with different dietary protein levels
Authors: Yu Miao , Mu Chunlong , Zhang Chuanjian , Yang Yuxiang , Su Yong , Zhu Weiyun
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

This study evaluated the effects of early antibiotic exposure (EAE) on subsequent amino acid (AA) profiles and small intestinal AA transporter and receptor expression level in pigs with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Eighteen litters of piglets were fed creep feed diets, either with or without antibiotics while with sow on day 7. The pigs were weaned at day 23 and fed the same diets until day 42, when random pigs within each group were offered a normal‐ or low‐CP diet, thereby creating four groups. On day 120, the pigs were euthanized, and jejunal and ileal mucosa and digesta were collected for gene‐expression and AA‐concentration analysis.

RESULTS

With the normal‐CP diet, EAE increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of six essential amino acids (EAA) and three non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) in serum, four EAAs and four NEAAs in jejunal mucosa, one EAA and two NEAAs in ileal mucosa, five EAAs and three NEAAs in jejunal digesta, and three EAAs and two NEAAs in ileal digesta. Early antibiotic exposure upregulated (P < 0.05) CAT1, ASCT2, ATB0,+, CaSR, T1R1, and T1R3 expression in the jejunum, downregulated PepT1 expression with a normal‐CP diet. It upregulated (P < 0.05) the expressions of CAT1, ATB0,+, ATP1A1, and T1R3 in the ileum with a normal‐CP diet.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that EAE has long‐term effects on AA profiles, mainly in the jejunum and serum, by increasing AA transporter expression in the intestine, and that these effects may be influenced by dietary CP levels. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding consumer liking of beef using hierarchical cluster analysis and external preference mapping
Authors: Chong Fui Shien , O'Sullivan Maurice G , Kerry Joe P , Moloney Aidan P , Methven Lisa , Gordon Alan W , Hagan Terence DJ , Farmer Linda J
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

This study was conducted to assess whether there are differences in consumer liking of beef. Samples were collected from different groups and analyses were conducted, including quantitative descriptive analysis, consumer panels and instrumental analyses. Palatability traits, such as aroma liking, tenderness, juiciness, flavour liking and overall liking (OL), were rated by consumers.

RESULTS

Warner–Bratzler shear force was negatively associated with tender mouthfeel and consumer tenderness score. Cluster analysis identified four groups of clusters, which were described as ‘easily pleased’, ‘bull beef liker’, ‘tender beef liker’ and ‘fastidious’ consumers. Cluster group 2 awarded a higher score for bulls and located in a separate region on the external preference map.

CONCLUSION

External preference mapping showed the association between consumer liking of beef and sensory attributes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of typical starch on the rheological properties and NMR characterization of myofibrillar protein gel
Authors: Wu Mangang , Wang Jiahao , Hu Juan , Li Zhikun , Liu Rui , Liu Yang , Cao Yan , Ge Qingfeng , Yu Hai
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Composite gels were individually prepared from 20 g kg−1 myofibrillar protein (MP) imbedded with typical native starch (potato, tapioca, rice or corn starch) in 0.6 mol L−1 NaCl at pH 6.2. The gel strength, water holding capacity, rheological properties and microstructure of the obtained myofibrillar protein–starch composite gels were evaluated.

RESULTS

Tapioca starch improved (P < 0.05) gel strength and water holding capacity of MP composite gel at 80 °C. Rheological properties of MP–starch composites differed significantly with the addition of different types of native starch. Additionally, the promoting effect of starch on the storage modulus of the composite gels positively correlated with the gelatinization properties of different typical starch. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that the filling effect of starch on the composite gel was related to the pasting temperature and particle size of typical starch, with almost no particles forming at 80 °C. Moreover, the addition of starch changed the relaxation peak area and increased the relaxation time in nuclear magnetic resonance tests, which suggested that starch could improve the water holding capacity of MP‐starch composite gels.

CONCLUSION

Different typical native starch has varied impacts on the gel strength, water holding capacity, rheological properties and microstructure of MP gels, indicating the potential and feasibility of these typical native starches as an addition agent to modify the textural properties in comminuted meat products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison Between M‐Mode Ultrasonography and Fluoroscopy for Diaphragm Excursion Measurement in Patients With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Yoon Seo Yeon , Moon Hyun Im , Kim Joo‐Sup , Yi Tae Im , Park Yoon Ghil
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Patients with acquired brain injury show decreased pulmonary function and diaphragm excursion (DE), which can affect functional outcomes. This study aimed to compare ultrasonography (US) and fluoroscopy for DE assessment and to determine how the relationship between pulmonary function test results and DE differs according to the paralytic condition.

Methods

From September 2017 to April 2018, we prospectively enrolled patients with acquired brain injury. The patients underwent a pulmonary function test, including the functional vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, forced expiratory volume at 1 second–to–functional vital capacity ratio, peak cough flow, and respiratory muscle strength such as the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure. Diaphragm excursion was measured with M‐mode US and fluoroscopy on admission. A partial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between US and fluoroscopy for DE assessment.

Results

During the study period, 50 patients with acquired brain injury were enrolled. After adjusting for age, sex, height, and weight, the correlation coefficients between US and fluoroscopy were 0.744 for the right side (P < .001) and 0.631 for the left side (P < .001). In a subgroup analysis for patients with hemiplegia, the correlation coefficients were 0.507 for the paretic side (P = .007) and 0.677 for the nonparetic side (P < .001). Diaphragm excursion in the nonparetic side was significantly correlated with the maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and peak cough flow (P < .05).

Conclusions

M‐mode US can be an alternative method for DE measurement in patients with impaired locomotion function after acquired brain injury. Preserved function of the nonparetic side might affect pulmonary function after brain injury, which suggests the importance of prestroke respiratory function.
Prognostic value of the C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Hu Xu , Huang Yu , Xu Wen‐Ying , Wu Yan‐Ming , Li Peng‐Fei , Che Guo‐Wei
Published: September 2019

In recent years, some studies suggested that the pretreatment C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) may be predictive for prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC), but their results were inconsistent. Therefore, the current meta‐analysis was preformed to better determine the prognostic value of pretreatment CAR in EC. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed Central databases were searched up to January 10, 2019 to identify studies evaluating the correlation between CAR and prognosis of EC. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS) and secondary outcomes were disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the predictive role of CAR for prognosis in EC. Based on the results of this research, a total of 11 studies with 2930 patients diagnosed as EC were included. Pooled results suggested that elevated pretreatment CAR was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31‐2.47, P < .001) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 86.5%, P < .001) and poor CSS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33‐2.22, P < .001) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, P < .323); however, no significant association was observed between pretreatment CAR and DFS (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.60‐3.34, P = .429) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 76.7%, P < .038). Subgroup analyses further manifested that EC patients with higher CAR had worse OS. An elevated pretreatment CAR may indicate poor survival in patients with EC. Thus, pretreatment CAR may serve as a promising biomarker in EC and could be used to predict prognosis and help decision‐making in clinical work.
Endoscopic Versus Open Resection of Non‐Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Povolotskiy Roman , Farber Nicole I. , Bavier Richard D. , Cerasiello Samantha Y. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Hsueh Wayne D.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Non‐squamous cell carcinoma (non‐SCC) variants of sinonasal cancer are rare cancers which are optimally managed with complete surgical resection. This study aims to assess the impact of surgical approach on outcomes by comparison of cases managed with open versus endoscopic resection.

Methods

The National Cancer Database 2004–2015 datasets were queried for all cases of non‐SCC initially managed with definitive surgery. Patients were grouped according to surgical approach (endoscopic vs. open) and compared for patient, tumor, and treatment variables using chi‐squared analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of receiving endoscopic surgery. Subgroups were compared for survival using Cox regression and perioperative outcomes.

Results

Of the 1595 cases of non‐SCC sinonasal cancers managed with definitive surgery, 42.2% were treated endoscopically. Open and endoscopic groups differed significantly by stage, primary site, histology, facility type, margin status, and clinical stage. Logistic regression showed that increased income was a significant predictor of receiving endoscopic surgery whereas stage IV (odds ratio: 0.58,P= .017) reduced the odds of receiving endoscopic surgery. Open resection patients had longer mean length of stay (LOS) than those who underwent endoscopic resection (5.09 vs. 3.16 days,P < .001). On Cox regression, no difference in survival was observed between open and endoscopic patients (P= .534).

Conclusions

Patients with non‐SCC sinonasal cancer managed with endoscopic surgery had a decreased LOS and no significant difference in survival compared to patients undergoing open resection. Therefore, an endoscopic approach may be considered a viable alternative to open resection.

Level of Evidence

NALaryngoscope, 130: 1872–1876, 2020
Putting the pieces together: Integration for forest landscape restoration implementation
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Parrotta John , Balaji Poorna , Bellwood‐Howard Imogen , Bhasme Suhas , Bixler R. Patrick , Boedhihartono Agni Klintuni , Carmenta Rachel , Jedd Theresa , de Jong Wil , Lake Frank K. , Latawiec Agnieszka , Lippe Melvin , Rai Nitin D. , Sayer Jeffrey , Van Dexter Kristina , Vira Bhaskar , Visseren‐Hamakers Ingrid , Wyborn Carina , Yang Anastasia
Published: September 2019

The concept of forest landscape restoration (FLR) is being widely adopted around the globe by governmental, non‐governmental agencies, and the private sector, all of whom see FLR as an approach that contributes to multiple global sustainability goals. Originally, FLR was designed with a clearly integrative dimension across sectors, stakeholders, space and time, and in particular across the natural and social sciences. Yet, in practice, this integration remains a challenge in many FLR efforts. Reflecting this lack of integration are the continued narrow sectoral and disciplinary approaches taken by forest restoration projects, often leading to marginalisation of the most vulnerable populations, including through land dispossessions. This article aims to assess what lessons can be learned from other associated fields of practice for FLR implementation. To do this, 35 scientists came together to review the key literature on these concepts to suggest relevant lessons and guidance for FLR. We explored the following large‐scale land use frameworks or approaches: land sparing/land sharing, the landscape approach, agroecology, and socio‐ecological systems. Also, to explore enabling conditions to promote integrated decision making, we reviewed the literature on understanding stakeholders and their motivations, tenure and property rights, polycentric governance, and integration of traditional and Western knowledge. We propose lessons and guidance for practitioners and policymakers on ways to improve integration in FLR planning and implementation. Our findings highlight the need for a change in decision‐making processes for FLR, better understanding of stakeholder motivations and objectives for FLR, and balancing planning with flexibility to enhance social–ecological resilience.
Raman Laser Switching Induced by Cascaded Light Scattering
Authors: Kasumie Sho , Lei Fuchuan , Ward Jonathan M. , Jiang Xuefeng , Yang Lan , Nic Chormaic Síle
Published: September 2019

It is shown that, in multimode Raman lasers, cascaded light scattering (CLS) not only extends the optical frequency range, but can also modulate the laser dynamics. The origin of this phenomenon lies in the fact that many Raman lasing modes are directly correlated through CLS. The coupled‐mode equations only describe single‐mode cascaded Raman lasers and are insufficient for describing the multimode case. In this work, additional terms are introduced to account for intermodal interaction and, therefrom the physical mechanism behind the mode‐switching phenomenon is revealed. Additionally, mode‐switching controlled solely by a single‐mode pump in a whispering gallery mode (WGM) silica Raman laser is demonstrated. As the intracavity pump power is increased, laser switching happens between two adjacent WGMs in the same mode family.
Bounded sets structure of CpX and quasi‐(DF)‐spaces
Authors: Ferrando Juan Carlos , Gabriyelyan Saak , Ka̧kol Jerzy
Published: September 2019

For wide classes of locally convex spaces, in particular, for the space of continuous real‐valued functions on a Tychonoff spaceXequipped with the pointwise topology, we characterize the existence of a fundamental bounded resolution (i.e., an increasing family of bounded sets indexed by the irrationals which swallows the bounded sets). These facts together with some results from Grothendieck's theory of ‐spaces have led us to introduce quasi‐‐spaces, a class of locally convex spaces containing ‐spaces that preserves subspaces, countable direct sums and countable products. Regular ‐spaces as well as their strong duals are quasi‐‐spaces. Hence the space of distributions provides a concrete example of a quasi‐‐space not being a ‐space. We show that has a fundamental bounded resolution if and only if is a quasi‐‐space if and only if the strong dual of is a quasi‐‐space if and only ifXis countable. IfXis metrizable, then is a quasi‐‐space if and only ifXis a σ‐compact Polish space.
The effect of perceived economic mobility on customer aggression toward service employees: A darker aspect of customer behavior
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Yi Youjae
Published: September 2019

The current research illuminates perceived economic mobility (PEM) as a causal antecedent of customer aggression. Study 1 with large‐scale panel data shows that PEM is positively related to attribution of poverty to personal characteristics and self‐centered intention to change jobs. Study 2 based on an experimental design shows that PEM causally induces customer aggression. Study 3 reveals that the effect of PEM on customer aggression varies depending on income; PEM increases customer aggression among low‐income earners, but the effect disappears among high‐income earners. Study 4 examines control over service employees to get self‐beneficial outcomes as a mechanism for the interaction effect of PEM and income on customer aggression. A moderated mediation analysis shows that the indirect effect of PEM on customer aggression through the proposed mechanism is significant among low‐income earners but not among high‐income earners. In sum, main findings of the present article are threefold: (a) PEM induces customer aggression, (b) income moderates the causal relationship, and (c) control to get benefits explains the joint effect of PEM and income on customer aggression. By delineating the dark side of PEM in consumer behavior, this study provides useful marketing implications for lessening side effects.
A genetic variant within MDM4 3′UTR miRNA binding site is associated with HPV16‐positive tumors and survival of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Peng , Liu Hongliang , Wang Ziqiao , Ma Yiding , Liu Chuan , Gu Kyle J. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun
Published: September 2019

As mouse double minute 4 (MDM4) and HPV16 E6 oncoproteins play important roles in inhibition of p53 activity, a functional polymorphism (rs4245739) in the 3′ untranslated regions of MDM4 targeted by microRNA‐191 may alter its expression level or functional efficiency, thus affecting tumor status and survival in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx (SCCOP). A total of 564 incident SCCOP patients with definitive radiotherapy were included for determination of tumor HPV16 status and genotypes of the polymorphism. Univariate and multivariable Cox models were performed to assess the associations between the polymorphism and outcomes. We found that MDM4 rs4245739 had statistically significant associations with tumor HPV‐positivity and survival of SCCOP patients. Patients with AC/CC variant genotypes of MDM4 rs4245739 were approximately 3‐fold more likely to be HPV16‐positive tumors among SCCOP patients compared with common homozygous AA genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.9‐5.5). Moreover, patients with MDM4 rs4245739 AC/CC variant genotypes had significantly better overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival compared with those with the corresponding common homozygous AA genotype (all log‐rank = P < .05); and these genotypes were significantly associated with an approximately three to four times reduced risk of overall death, death owing to disease, and recurrence after multivariable adjustment. Finally, the significant effects of MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism on survival were found among HPV16‐positive SCCOP patients only after the stratified analyses by tumor HPV status. We concluded that MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism is significantly associated with tumor HPV status and survival of SCCOP, especially in HPV16‐positive SCCOP patients treated with definitive radiotherapy; nevertheless, prospective larger studies are warranted.