bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sperm and oocyte as carriers for bovine viral diarrhoea virus biotypes during in vitro fertilization
Authors: Rahim‐Tayefeh Aidin , Talebkhan‐Garoussi Massoud , Daliri‐Joupari Morteza , Heidari Farid , Vahidi Maryam , Bakhshesh Mehran , Shirazi Abolfazl
Published: August 2023

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an important viral agent causing the reproductive failure in cattle. The objectives of the study were to assess the role of male and female gametes, as carriers of cytopathic (CP) and non‐cytopathic (NCP) BVDV to embryonic cells during in vitro fertilization. In this respect, sperm and oocytes were separately exposed to concentrations of 104.5or 105.5TCID50/mL CP and NCP BVDV, for 2 h before fertilization. After washing, the intact gametes with the infected gametes were inseminated. Seven days post‐fertilization, the virus‐exposed embryos were examined for presence of the viral genome by RT‐PCR. One‐wayanovawith post‐hoc Tukey's HSD test and an independent samplest‐test were used to compare within and between groups, respectively. The results presented a significant decrease in the blastocyst rates for CP‐infected groups than NCP‐infected groups (p ≤ .01). Compared to the controls and the infected oocyte groups, the cleavage rates of the infected sperm groups (NCP and CP BVDV) were significantly reduced both in low (104.5TCID50/mL) and high (105.5TCID50/mL) titres of the virus (p ≤ .01). The proportion of embryos which was developed to blastocyst stages was significantly lower for CP and NCP‐infected groups than the control groups (p ≤ .001). According to the molecular results, all samples of the retarded/degenerated embryos (at least one blastocyst within each one) in CP and NCP groups, one sample (at least one blastocyst in that) within a CP‐infected group, and six samples (at least one blastocyst in each one of those) of NCP‐infected groups contained the viral nucleic acid. Likewise, the results of viral enrichment showed all reactions in which RT‐PCR were positive induced CPEs in MDBK monolayers. In conclusion, it is clear that CP and NCP BVDV were able to traverse zona pellucida during fertilization, and they had also negative effects on embryo development.
Analysis of tissue lipidomics and computed tomography pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CTPFAV) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: O'Callaghan Marissa , Duignan John , Tarling Elizabeth J. , Waters Darragh K. , McStay Megan , O'Carroll Orla , Bridges James P. , Redente Elizabeth F. , Franciosi Alessandro N. , McGrath Emmet E. , Butler Marcus W. , Dodd Jonathan D. , Fabre Aurelie , Murphy David J. , Keane Michael P. , McCarthy Cormac
Published: August 2023

Background and Objective

There is increasing interest in the role of lipids in processes that modulate lung fibrosis with evidence of lipid deposition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) histological specimens. The aim of this study was to identify measurable markers of pulmonary lipid that may have utility as IPF biomarkers.

Study Design and Methods

IPF and control lung biopsy specimens were analysed using a unbiased lipidomic approach. Pulmonary fat attenuation volume (PFAV) was assessed on chest CT images (CTPFAV) with 3D semi‐automated lung density software. Aerated lung was semi‐automatically segmented and CTPFAV calculated using a Hounsfield‐unit (−40 to −200HU) threshold range expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. CTPFAV was compared to pulmonary function, serum lipids and qualitative CT fibrosis scores.

Results

There was a significant increase in total lipid content on histological analysis of IPF lung tissue (23.16 nmol/mg) compared to controls (18.66 mol/mg, p = 0.0317). The median CTPFAV in IPF was higher than controls (1.34% vs. 0.72%, p < 0.001) and CTPFAV correlated significantly with DLCO% predicted (R2 = 0.356, p < 0.0001) and FVC% predicted (R2 = 0.407, p < 0.0001) in patients with IPF. CTPFAV correlated with CT features of fibrosis; higher CTPFAV was associated with >10% reticulation (1.6% vs. 0.94%, p = 0.0017) and >10% honeycombing (1.87% vs. 1.12%, p = 0.0003). CTPFAV showed no correlation with serum lipids.

Conclusion

CTPFAV is an easily quantifiable non‐invasive measure of pulmonary lipids. In this pilot study, CTPFAV correlates with pulmonary function and radiological features of IPF and could function as a potential biomarker for IPF disease severity assessment.
Preliminary evidence for neck musculature in shaping functional stereotypes of men's relationship motives
Authors: Brown Mitch , Tracy Ryan E.
Published: August 2023

Neck musculature is reliably diagnostic of men's formidability and central to several inferences of their physical prowess. These inferences facilitate stereotypes of men's social value from which perceivers estimate their abilities to satisfy reproductive goals related to mate acquisition and parental care. Participants evaluated men's interest in various mating and parenting strategies, wherein men varied in the size of visible neck musculature through trapezii and sternocleidomastoids for perceivers to identify potential reproductive interests and goals. Large trapezii elicited perceptions of men as more effective at protecting offspring, albeit at the expense of nurturance and interest in long‐term pair bonds. Results extend previous findings implicating formidability as central to relationship decisions by considering a novel modality.
Effect of increased running speed and weight carriage on peak and cumulative tibial loading
Authors: Rice Hannah , Seynnes Olivier , Werkhausen Amelie
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Tibial stress injuries are a burdensome injury among military recruits. Military activities include running and the carriage of additional weight, and this may be related to the high risk of bone stress injuries. The aim of this study was to quantify tibial loading when running at two different speeds, with and without additional weight, and to quantify their combined influence.

Methods

Fourteen male distance runners who ran at least 40 km per week ran barefoot on a force‐instrumented treadmill in four conditions representing preferred running speed (mean (SD) 3.1 (0.3) m/s) and 20% increased running speed (3.8 (0.4) m/s), with and without 20% of body weight carried in a weight vest. Kinematics and kinetics were synchronously collected. Bending moments were estimated about the medial‐lateral axis of the tibial centroid located 1/3rd of the length from distal to proximal. Static equilibrium was ensured at each 1% of stance. Peak bending moments were obtained in addition to cumulative‐weighted loading, where weighted loading accounted for the relative importance of the magnitude of the bending moment and the quantity of loading using a bone‐dependent weighting factor.

Results

There were no interaction effects for running speed and weight carriage on peak or cumulative tibial loading. Running at a 20% faster speed increased peak and cumulative loading per kilometer by 8.0% (p < 0.001) and 4.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. Carriage of an additional 20% of body weight increased peak and cumulative loading per kilometer by 6.6% (p < 0.001) and 8.5% (p < 0.001), respectively.

Interpretation

Increasing the physical demand of running by increasing speed or weight carriage increased peak tibial loading and cumulative tibial loading per kilometer, and this may increase the risk of tibial stress injury. Running speed and weight carriage independently influenced tibial loading.
Impact of biochars fabricated with typical feedstocks on soil environment and crop productivity: A case study with D. rubrovolvata
Authors: Fu Tianhong , Li Xue , Lei Fengwen , Li Wendi , Zhang Yujin , Zhang Baige , Tang Ling , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Qinyu , Yang Zhen , Zhang Bangxi , Peng Yutao
Published: August 2023

This study aims to explore novel, environmentally friendly technologies for converting organic waste into biochar for land application for sustainable management. However, the impact of biochar on the soil environment and crop yield depends on the specific feedstock and its interaction with the soil. Through pot experiments, we investigated the effects of three different biochars (sawdust biochar, rice straw biochar and coconut shell biochar) on the growth of Dictyophora rubrovolvata at two different input levels (1% and 2%). It was found that contrary to expectations, high input levels of sawdust biochar had a negative impact on D. rubrovolvata yield, while rice straw biochar and coconut shell biochar increased D. rubrovolvata yield by 16.0% to 159.1% and 54.4% to 64.0%, respectively, at the two input levels. The study revealed the key role of soil factors (such as total phosphorus, nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, water holding capacity, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, CaCl2‐phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and invertase activity) in affecting the growth of D. rubrovolvata. Through structural equation modelling analysis, the application of sawdust biochar resulted in a low N/P ratio, thereby limiting the growth of D. rubrovolvata, while the application of straw biochar and coconut shell biochar promoted mushroom growth by increasing sucrase activity and DOC content. The increase in D. rubrovolvata biomass and nutrient content indicated the superiority of RSBC and CSBC as soil amendments. However, further research is needed to determine the appropriate application scenarios for SDBC. The findings also show that the application of biochar can help improve soil physicochemical biological properties, thus having potential benefits in sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential of biochar technology in sustainable agricultural practices, its role in improving soil quality and crop productivity, and explores for the first time a new field of biochar application in D. rubrovolvata cultivation.
Eureka moments: ICU physicians' views on teaching
Authors: Sternschein Rebecca , Hayes Margaret M. , Ramani Subha
Published: August 2023

Background

Teaching hospitals are fast‐paced health care environments where clinical supervisors constantly balance teaching and patient care. Although hospital‐based clinicians in acute care settings regularly teach trainees, views regarding their teaching roles and how this relates to professional satisfaction are less well studied. We explored perspectives of physicians who teach trainees in medical intensive care units (MICUs), to understand whether their engagement in teaching has any impact on professional (job) satisfaction.

Methods

This qualitative study used focus groups of MICU fellows (postgraduate clinical trainees) and attending physicians (consultants) to explore participants' perceptions of their teaching roles. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed; thematic analysis was conducted on de‐identified transcripts.

Findings

Four focus groups were held; two with MICU attendings (n = 13) and two with MICU fellows (n = 12). We identified four key themes: two challenges of teaching (being a chameleon; calibrating learner abilities), one benefit of teaching (facilitating learners' eureka moments) and a call for professional development (peer coaching to enhance teaching skills).

Discussion

Although teaching in acute clinical environments requires balancing dynamic learner needs and complex patient care needs, participants found it highly rewarding. They called for peer coaching initiatives to enhance professional development as teachers and demonstrate departmental commitment to teaching.

Conclusion

While teaching in acute clinical settings is challenging for many reasons, clinical teachers emphasise that it is very satisfying when learners see the ‘light’. Overt institutional support and recognition for clinical teachers along with peer coaching and debriefing may tilt the balance towards the rewards side of the equation and foster professional satisfaction.
Alkaline magmatism from the Lublin–Baltic area of Poland (SW slope of the East European Craton)—Manifestation of hitherto unrecognized early Carboniferous igneous province
Authors: Poprawa Paweł , Nejbert Krzysztof , Krzywiec Piotr , Krzemińska Ewa , Krzemiński Leszek , Mazur Stanisław , Słaby Ewa
Published: August 2023

Our study of boreholes, seismic survey and magnetic data from the region between the Baltic Basin and the Lublin Basin indicates the existence of numerous buried intrusions and effusive complexes, most of them unnoticed so far, together with a few igneous massifs. They are of alkaline character and developed in a time span of c. 348 to 338 Ma. Deep seismic data reveal the presence of large sills (up to 100 km long) within the crystalline basement and the overlying sedimentary cover, at depths of 7–14 km and 5.5–6.5 km, respectively. All these igneous rocks occur in the coherent region and constitute a hitherto unrecognized Lublin–Baltic Mississippian Igneous Province (>120,000 km2). Its denudation is evidenced by the Mississippian volcaniclastic formations of high thickness, developed in the adjacent basins. Igneous activity was triggered by thermal anomaly and/or mantle decompression caused by stress field reorganization, induced by the Variscan collision.
What Do ‘We’ Do With ‘Them’?: A Response
Authors: Browne Kath , Nash Catherine
Published: August 2023

This response discusses the commentaries provided by Sarah hall and Jason Luger. It outlines future work regrading diversity amongst Beyond Opposition participants; the dangers of doing this work; the multiplicities and shifting power relations that the paper reveals and what these might imply more broadly. We note that 'the struggle continues' and considerations of defence/attack are one way of engaging this, there may be others.
Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors, and blood safety improvements in Southern Africa
Authors: Puerto‐Meredith Sydney , Singogo Emmanuel , Chagomerana Maganizo , Nthani Tiya , Likaka Andrew , Gondwe Austrida , M'baya Bridon , Hosseinipour Mina C.
Published: August 2023

Blood and blood products are listed as one of the essential medicines by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to inadequate supply, most sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) nations fail to meet their blood needs because many donated blood units are discarded because they are contaminated with transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). We sought to estimate the prevalence of TTIs, identify the risk factors for TTIs among blood donors, and identify the efforts and interventions that have been made to improve blood safety in Southern African nations, particularly the nations of the South African Development Community (SADC). We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for TTIs, blood safety interventions, and blood quality improvement in the SADC region from major PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and HINARI databases from 1 January 2011 to 31 April 2021. All investigations followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). In meta‐analysis, we estimated the pooled TTIs prevalence and summarised the same using forest plots. A total of 180 articles published from the SSA region were identified covering our three targeted themes: TTI prevalence, risk factors for TTIs, and blood safety improvements. Of these 180 articles, only 27 (15%) focused on the SADC region. The overall pooled TTI prevalence estimate was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–3.0) and hepatitis B was the most prevalent TTI in the region (prevalence = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.0–5.0). The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–4.0), 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–2.0), and 2.0% (95% CI: 0.0–8.0), respectively. In general, replacement donors and first‐time donors were more likely to be infected with TTIs than repeat donors. Twelve articles explored blood safety research in the region; however, they vary greatly highlighting the need for consistent and more comprehensive research. Few publications were identified that were from the SADC region, indicating lack of research or resources towards improving both quantity and quality of blood donation. TTI prevalence remains one of the highest in the world and blood safety recommendations vary across the region. More effort should be directed towards developing a cohesive regional blood transfusion policy and effective blood monitoring and evaluation strategies.
Vulval disorders in paediatric and adolescent patients and their management
Authors: Idle Salwa Abdullahi , Coles Helen , Johns Jemma
Published: August 2023

Key content

Vulval disorders are one of the commonest complaints in the paediatric and adolescent population. They present with acute‐on‐chronic symptoms such as pruritus, vaginal discharge and vulval soreness.

History‐taking and examination of young patients requires a sensitive approach and age‐appropriate use of language.

The hypoestrogenic, exposed and neutral pH of the vulva in the paediatric patient is more susceptible to nonspecific inflammation and injury. Adolescents are more likely to present with dermatoses, thrush and infection caused by common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, group A streptococcus and sexually transmitted infections.

A conservative approach with reassurance and follow‐up is required in most vulval disorders.

Learning objectives

To appreciate the different gynaecological history and examination techniques required for paediatric and adolescent patients.

To understand the common presentations and conditions of vulval pathology in these groups of patients.

To gain confidence in managing common, non‐malignant vulval pathology in young patients.

Ethical issues

Reassurance of normal vulval anatomy should be provided for young patients requesting labial reduction surgery.
A Compact Metamaterial Dual-band Branch-line Coupler for 5G Applications
Authors: Shallah Abdulkadir Bello , Zubir Farid , A. Rahim Mohamd Kamal , Hamid Mohamad Rijal , Vallappil Arshad Karimbu , Majid Huda A. , Yusoff Zubaida , Basit Abdul
Published: August 2023

This study introduces a compact branch-line coupler (BLC) based on metamaterial (MTM) technology that can operate in sub-6 GHz 5G frequency bands. Conventional vertical and horizontal sections of the BLC were replaced with T-shaped TLs and interdigital capacitor (IDC) unit cells incorporated into the BLC sections to improve their performance and reduce their dimensions. The BLC is designed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate material, and it operates at dual frequencies of 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The design was simulated using CST Microwave Studio software and achieved enhanced frequency band ratio.
The Mixture of Limes in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment
Authors: Othman Anuar , Mamat Che Rozid , Ibrahim Ismail , Mohd Rozi Mohd Syahrir
Published: August 2023

In this study the mixture of limes was used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD). The results showed that AMD can be treated by a mixture of limes (CHL). CHL was a mixture of carbide and hydrated limes. Arsenic (As) was decreased after reaction with CHL. 0.5 g of CHL with an interval time of 20 mins was chosen as the best parameter for treating AMD. pH value was increased from 3.29 to 6.69 and as concentration was decreased from 3.273 mg/L to 0.002 mg/L. Both of the results obtained after the reaction complied with Standards A and B of the Environmental Act 1974.
Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis in Different Zinc Concentrations
Authors: Ungadau Fenny , Ridzuan Raihana , Abd Manan Fazilah
Published: August 2023

Zinc is an essential trace element required by plants. However, high zinc concentrations can lead to environmental pollution and plant toxicity. This research aimed to investigate how plants respond to different concentrations of zinc (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) in soil, using Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (Yard long bean) as a model plant. A total of 12 parameters were collected including plant morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf number, yield, root length, pod length and fresh weight. Furthermore, key biochemical properties including chlorophyll content, total protein content, total phenolic and flavonoid content in plants were analyzed, in addition to soil pH and electrical conductivity. These parameters were used to determine the morphological and biochemical responses of plants under zinc-stress conditions. The results indicated that different concentrations of zinc significantly decreased the leaf number and pod length V. unguiculata. Soil electrical conductivity was significantly high at 200 ppm zinc. Significant changes in total protein were observed in stems and pods. Moreover, the total phenolic content in leaves showed a significant increase with higher zinc concentrations, while the opposite trend was observed for total phenolic content in V. unguiculata pods. In summary, varying concentrations of zinc had a significant impact on various morphological and biochemical properties of V. unguiculata, exhibiting a distinct pattern specific to each organ. This suggests that V. unguiculata is responsive, adaptive and capable of tolerating abiotic stress induced by a broad range of zinc concentrations.
Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmaceutical Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves Powder and Seed Oil Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Susanto Hendra , Wonorahardjo Surjani , Putra Wira Eka , Taufiq Ahmad , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Fadhilah Dianvita Nur , Fa’ida Siti Bachrotus Recha Nur , Firdaus Sa’diyatul Rizqie Amaliyah , Sholeh Moch. , Nik Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam
Published: August 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer with a mortality rate of 8.9% of the total cancer deaths in Indonesia. This cancer can be caused by exposure to hepatitis B and C viruses, NAFLD, autoimmune, diabetes to sporadic genetic diseases. The development of chronic HCC is generally preceded by the occurrence of severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. One of the genes that play a role in fibrosis in the incidence of HCC is TGF-β1. As a pro-fibrotic cytokine, the presence of high levels of TGF-β1 may be due to oxidative stress activity early in cancer development. One of the natural ingredients with lots of phytochemical content in the form of antioxidants that can reduce this activity is Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera). In this study we used a computational approach using molecular docking on the results of the GC-MS and LC-HRMS tests on Moringa oleifera Seed Oil (MOSEIL) and Moringa oleifera Leaves Powder (MOLP) which are oil and flour products made from moringa. The results of the identification of phytochemical compounds through the GC-MS test showed that the dominant compound in MOSEIL was oleic acid (37.546%) and in MOLP was ester (8.802%) when using n-hexane as solvent. The percentage yield of the dominant compound from the LC-HRMS test in MOSEIL was nitro compound (72.55%) and at MOLP was alcohol (45.87%). These compounds are known to have effects as hepatoprotective agents through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities that can reduce hepatic oxidative stress as an early trigger of cancer development. Through molecular docking, MOSEIL and MOLP showed a lower level of binding affinity when compared to TGF-β1 control drugs such as metformin. This data implies MOSEIL and MOLP have a strong interaction to TGF-β1 than the control drug. The therapeutic potential of the hepatoprotective properties of MOSEIL and MOLP makes them one of the most-promising therapeutic agents in the initial step of renewable cancer treatment therapy.
A Comparative of Two-Dimensional Statistical Moment Invariants Features in Formulating an Automated Probabilistic Machine Learning Identification Algorithm for Forensic Application
Authors: Chuan Zun Liang , Chong Teak Wei David , Lee Wai Yan Connie , Ahmad Nasser Muhammad Fuad , Md Ghani Nor Azura , Jemain Abdul Aziz , Liong Choong-Yeun
Published: August 2023

IBIS, ALIS, EVOFINDER, and CONDOR are the massive ballistics computerised technological machines that have typically been utilised in forensic laboratories to automatically locate similarities between images of cartridge cases and bullets. However, it imposed a long execution time and requires physical interpretation to consolidate the analysis results when employing these market-available technologies to accomplish ballistics matching tasks. Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to propose an improvised automated probabilistic machine learning identification algorithm by extracting the two-dimensional (2D) statistical moment invariants from the segmented region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the cartridge case and bullets images. To pursue this principal objective, several 2D statistical moment invariants have been compared and tested to determine the most suitable feature set applied in the proposed identification algorithm. The 2D statistical moment invariants employed include Orthogonal Legendre moments (OLM), Hu moments (HM), Tsirikolias-Mertzois moments (TMM), Pan-Keane moments (PKM), and Central Geometric moments (CGM). Moreover, the proposed identification algorithm is also tested in different scenarios, including based on the classification of strength association measurements between the extracted feature sets. The empirical results in this article revealed that the proposed identification algorithm applied with the CGM comprising the weak association classification yielded the best identification accuracy rates, which are >96.5% across all the sample sizes of the training set. These empirical results also conveyed that the superior proposed identification algorithm in this research could be developed as a mobile application for ballistics identification that can significantly reduce the time taken and conveniently perform the ballistics identification tasks.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Single Garlic Callus Extract (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Puspita Sari Yanti , Qory Suchi Amanda , Agung Nugroho Rudy
Published: August 2023

Nanotechnology is a relatively new and innovative field with huge potential for application in the food and drug industries. Due to their excellent physicochemical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are often utilized in various applications and have been the subject of substantial research. AgNP synthesis using plant extracts has recently gained popularity due to their environmental friendliness, affordability, and potent functionality in several applications. The present study evaluated the biosynthesis, stability, and characteristics of AgNPs using a single garlic callus extract (Allium sativum L.) AgNPs were synthesized using single garlic callus extract (AgNPs-As) by adding 1 mM AgNO3 to ethanolic extracts of single garlic callus at a 1:9 ratio, incubating at 35 °C for 48 h, and observing the colloidal color change. Spectrophotometry (absorption at 200–800 nm), SEM, EDX, PSA, FTIR, and XRD were used for their characterization. The present study showed a colloidal color change to brown, indicating the formation of AgNPs-As. The characterization of AgNPs-As using SEM, EDX, PSA, and XRD revealed a spherical morphology with an average size of 201.9 nm. Several active compounds were identified from different peaks, indicating the presence of several types of biological functional groups, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, carbonyl groups, esters, halides, and alcohol were also confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy.
The First Mitochondrial Control Region Dataset: Critically Endangered Freshwater Turtles in Malaysia, Orlitia borneensis and Batagur borneoensis
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Hairul , Esa Yuzine , Zainudin Amir Asyraf Zainudina , Romli Khairul Azhar , Wan Nawang Wan Nur Fatin Syafiqah , Mohd Bakri Athirah , Hussin Nor Jasmin , Abdul Halim Siti Amalia Aisyah
Published: August 2023

The Malaysian Giant Turtles and Painted Terrapin mitochondrial control region has the first data deposited to the GenBank database. This dataset describes phylogenetic tree relationships between the genera Orlitia and Batagur. Orlitia borneensis and Batagur borneoensis are freshwater turtles listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and among 24 species of turtles in Malaysia. Since both species are critically endangered, the data provided here can be used for future conservation genetics studies in order to protect the species from being driven to extinction. A sample of each species was collected aseptically from adult O. borneensis (male) and B. borneoensis (female) in captivity at Bukit Paloh, Kuala Berang, Terengganu. The data for this study can be found in the GenBank database with accession numbers OQ571740 and OQ571740.
Psychospiritual Healing from al-Quran: Internal Aesthetic Factor of Quranic Sound and Its Effects in Activating Greater Brain Regions
Authors: Ismail Samhani , Reza Mohammed Faruque , Jusoh Mohd Hanifah , Wan Awang Wan Suryani , Juahir Hafizan
Published: August 2023

Spiritual healing and Quranic sound therapy has long accompanied human tradition since decades. Quranic sound is perceived as rhythmical cues that portrays psychospiritual effects although it was not recited with external melodic intonation (tarannum). Its internal rhythms were believed to activate and synchronize its listeners’ brain rhythms hence modulating their brainwaves to give the psychospiritual effect. However, there is lack of scientific investigation that elucidates source of Quranic linguistic rhythms which contributes to the greater neural activation in the Quran’s listeners. This study aimed to evaluate a Quranic linguistic feature that contributes to high rhythmicity, and high energy that activates its listeners neural ensembles. As a result, Electroencephalography ()’s electrode correlation will be presented as a predictive measure for neural connectivity compared with Arabic News listening. Fatihah Chapter recitation (tajweed without human speech. Spectrogram analysis was performed by using Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (PRAAT) software. The continuous brain electrical charges from twenty-eight normal subjects (14 male:14 female) with inclusion criteria of habitual daily Quran listeners were recorded by 128-channel EEG. These brain electrical data were pre-processed and analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) followed by multivariate analysis. Discriminant Analysis results which compare the mean values of the groups were followed by Multiple Linear Regression. From spectrogram analysis, we found that Fatihah Chapter sound is more rhythmic compared to Arabic news and brings higher energy. . Comparatively, larger-scale integration of neural ensembles from the fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital areas was observed while listening to Quranic Fatihah Chapter recitation than the fronto-temporo-parieto regions from Arabic News listening, indicated of higher synchronisation and integration in neuronal communication during Quranic listening. Dynamic brain network interaction is postulated in a desynchronised pattern, essential for normal brain functioning, reduced pathological tendencies, and emotion-health-cognition stability, offering psychospiritual effects.
Oncomodulin regulates spontaneous calcium signalling and maturation of afferent innervation in cochlear outer hair cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Murtha Kaitlin , Climer Leslie K. , Ceriani Federico , Thompson Pierce , Hornak Aubrey J. , Marcotti Walter , Simmons Dwayne D.
Published: August 2023

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. During development, the maturation of OHC afferent connectivity is refined by coordinated spontaneous Ca2+ activity in both sensory and non‐sensory cells. Calcium signalling in neonatal OHCs can be modulated by oncomodulin (OCM, β‐parvalbumin), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein. Here, we investigated whether OCM regulates OHC spontaneous Ca2+ activity and afferent connectivity during development. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor (GCaMP6s) expressed in OHCs in wild‐type (Ocm+/+) and Ocm knockout (Ocm−/−) littermates, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulation of purinergic receptors in OHCs from Ocm−/− cochlea immediately following birth. The afferent synaptic maturation of OHCs was delayed in the absence of OCM, leading to an increased number of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres on Ocm−/− OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM regulates the spontaneous Ca2+ signalling in the developing cochlea and the maturation of OHC afferent innervation.

image

Key points

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ activity during a narrow period of neonatal development. OHC afferent maturation and connectivity requires spontaneous Ca2+ activity.

Oncomodulin (OCM, β‐parvalbumin), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein, modulates Ca2+ signals in immature OHCs.

Using transgenic mice that endogenously expressed a Ca2+ sensor, GCaMP6s, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulated purinergic receptors in Ocm−/− OHCs.

The maturation of afferent synapses in Ocm−/− OHCs was also delayed, leading to an upregulation of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres in Ocm−/− OHCs before hearing onset.

We propose that OCM plays an important role in modulating Ca2+ activity, expression of Ca2+ channels and afferent innervation in developing OHCs.
The medullary serotonergic centres involved in cardiorespiratory control are disrupted by fetal growth restriction
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Elham , Dudink Ingrid , Walker David W. , Sutherland Amy E. , Pham Yen , Stojanovska Vanesa , Polglase Graeme R. , Miller Suzanne L. , Allison Beth J.
Published: August 2023

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory complications after birth and beyond. Despite research showing a range of neurological changes following FGR, little is known about how FGR affects the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres. The primary neurons that release serotonin reside in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres and may be affected by FGR. At two time points in the last trimester of sheep brain development, 110 and 127 days of gestation (0.74 and 0.86 of gestation), we assessed histopathological alterations in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres of the pons and medulla in early‐onset FGR versus control fetal sheep. The FGR cohort were hypoxaemic and asymmetrically growth restricted. Compared to the controls, the brainstem of FGR fetuses exhibited signs of neuropathology, including elevated cell death and reduced cell proliferation, grey and white matter deficits, and evidence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. FGR brainstem pathology was predominantly observed in the medullary raphé nuclei, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, solitary tract and nucleus of the solitary tract. The FGR groups showed imbalanced brainstem serotonin and serotonin 1A receptor abundance in the medullary raphé nuclei, despite evidence of increased serotonin staining within vascular regions of placentomes collected from FGR fetuses. Our findings demonstrate both early and adaptive brainstem neuropathology in response to placental insufficiency.

image

Key points

Early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) was induced in fetal sheep, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia.

Growth‐restricted fetuses exhibit persistent neuropathology in brainstem nuclei, characterised by disrupted cell proliferation and reduced neuronal cell number within critical centres responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Elevated brainstem inflammation and oxidative stress suggest potential mechanisms contributing to the observed neuropathological changes.

Both placental and brainstem levels of 5‐HT were found to be impaired following FGR.
Cuidados al final de la vida. La experiencia del Servicio de Ética Clínica
Authors: Gempeler Rueda Fritz Eduardo , Moreno Diana Carolina
Published: August 2023

Luego de cuatro años de la implementación del Plan de Atención al Final de la Vida en el Hospital, la percepción general es que los pacientes al final de la vida han recibido un manejo apropiado, sin intervenciones desproporcionadas y manteniendo un manejo adecuado de síntomas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y caracterizar a los pacientes que ingresaron a este plan de atención desde enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2019. Los resultados muestran que se disminuyeron las intervenciones invasivas y desproporcionadas, promoviendo el adecuado manejo de síntomas.
Distancias y puentes entre imágenes y discursos de la reconciliación
Authors: Giraldo Villate Claudia Irene , Escudero de Santacruz Mercedes Cecilia , Torres Calderón Nubia Esperanza
Published: August 2023

Una vez logrado en Colombia un Acuerdo Final de paz tras un largo conflicto armado, empezaron a circular nuevos vocablos con uso particularmente diverso, entre estos el de reconciliación. En ese contexto múltiple, la urgencia de transformar en prácticas las disertaciones, llevó a preguntar: ¿qué aprender acerca de la reconciliación de parte de personas que han vivido el horror de la guerra? Con una metodología de análisis secundario cualitativo, se abordaron 195 fotografías, sus títulos y textos explicativos, elaboradas por 227 personas en 10 municipios del país, con imágenes evocadoras de la reconciliación. Los resultados muestran gran distancia entre los preceptos (normas, decretos, textos) y las condiciones reales para la reconciliación. Los pobladores la circunscriben al retorno de lo habitual, a que la vida vuelva a transcurrir sin horror ni guerra. Como metáfora comprensiva, este artículo asume la de botín y la vincula con la noción de trauma histórico. Concluye que desear la reconciliación es el motor imprescindible, pero requiere un largo y doloroso proceso y el profundo reconocimiento de las condiciones psicosociales, culturales y las acciones de las personas involucradas, pues han vivido en su propio cuerpo y espíritu el impacto de lo impensable.
Bubble-Induced Strong Thermal Contraction for Graphene
Authors: Qu Zhao-Xia , Cui Chuan-Xin , Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: August 2023

The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of van der Waals (vdW) layered structures is of crucial importance in governing the dependability and longevity of advanced optoelectronic equipment. Bubbles are commonly found within layered structures, yet their impact on the thermal expansion coefficient of the structure is still not well understood. We derive an analytical formula that describes the influence of bubbles on the variation in length, utilizing both the elastic membrane theory and the improved van der Waals gas state equation. The results demonstrate that as the temperature increases, bubbles can induce significant thermal contraction in few-layer graphene structures. The analytical predictions are validated through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. These findings hold significant value in enhancing our understanding of the dependability and durability of functional equipment that relies on van der Waals layered structures.
XPS investigation of MnO2 deposits functionalized with graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Benedet Mattia , Gasparotto Alberto , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Maccato Chiara , Mariotti Davide , McGlynn Ruairi , Barreca Davide
Published: August 2023

Composite materials based on MnO2 deposits functionalized with graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanostructures are promising (photo)electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Besides the individual properties of the two electrode components, mutual interactions at their interface can also exert a significant influence on functional performances. In this work, MnO2 deposits are synthesized by plasma enhanced-chemical vapor deposition on Ni foam supports and subsequently decorated with two different forms of carbon nitride via electrophoretic deposition. Structural and morphological analyses revealed the formation of β-MnO2 2D structures hierarchically assembled into flowerlike architectures, whose surface appeared decorated by 3D particles built up from gCN nanoflakes. Based on the intimate contact between the two semiconductors, an effective electronic and chemical coupling was established at their interface. In the following, we report on a comparative XPS characterization of a bare MnO2 electrode material and of two MnO2-gCN composite systems prepared from different carbon nitride powders. Survey spectra as well as detailed scans for C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and Mn 2p regions are presented and critically discussed.
Moving sound source localization and tracking for an autonomous robot equipped with a self-rotating bi-microphone array
Authors: Gala Deepak , Sun Liang
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present two approaches to localizing and tracking a sound source that moves in a three-dimensional (3D) space. The sound signal was captured by a unique bi-microphone system that rotates at a constant angular velocity. The motion of the sound source along with the rotation of the bi-microphone array produces a sinusoidal inter-channel distance difference (ICDD) signal with time-varying amplitude and phase. Four state-space models were developed and employed to design extended Kalman filters (EKFs) that identify instantaneous amplitude and phase of the ICDD signal. Both theoretical and numerical observability analyses of the four state-space models were performed to reveal singularities of the proposed EKFs in the domain of interest. We also developed a Hilbert-transform based method that localizes the sound source by comparing the true analytic ICDD signal to a virtual reference signal with zero elevation and azimuth angles. A moving average filter is then applied to reduce the noise and the effect of the artifacts at the beginning and the ending portions of the estimates. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was evaluated using comparison studies in simulation.
Alternative approaches for creating a wealth index: the case of Mozambique
Authors: Xie Kexin , Marathe Achla , Deng Xinwei , Ruiz-Castillo Paula , Imputiua Saimado , Elobolobo Eldo , Mutepa Victor , Sale Mussa , Nicolas Patricia , Montana Julia , Jamisse Edgar , Munguambe Humberto , Materrula Felisbela , Casellas Aina , Rabinovich Regina , Saute Francisco , Chaccour Carlos J , Sacoor Charfudin , Rist Cassidy
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The wealth index is widely used as a proxy for a household’s socioeconomic position (SEP) and living standard. This work constructs a wealth index for the Mopeia district in Mozambique using data collected in year 2021 under the BOHEMIA (Broad One Health Endectocide-based Malaria Intervention in Africa) project.

Methods

We evaluate the performance of three alternative approaches against the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) method based wealth index: feature selection principal components analysis (PCA), sparse PCA and robust PCA. The internal coherence between four wealth indices is investigated through statistical testing. Validation and an evaluation of the stability of the wealth index are performed with additional household income data from the BOHEMIA Health Economics Survey and the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey data in Mozambique.

Results

The Spearman’s rank correlation between wealth index ventiles from four methods is over 0.98, indicating a high consistency in results across methods. Wealth rankings and households’ income show a strong concordance with the area under the curve value of ~0.7 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The agreement between the alternative wealth indices and the DHS wealth index demonstrates the stability in rankings from the alternative methods.

Conclusions

This study creates a wealth index for Mopeia, Mozambique, and shows that DHS method based wealth index is an appropriate proxy for the SEP in low-income regions. However, this research recommends feature selection PCA over the DHS method since it uses fewer asset indicators and constructs a high-quality wealth index.
Potential mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Baichuan , Zhang Huifeng , Chen Jinghong , Chen Jiaye , Liu Zhifen , Cheng Yuqi , Yuan Tifei , Peng Daihui
Published: August 2023

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder (MDD). Even though its prevalence and risk factors are relatively well understood, the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD remain elusive.

Aims

To review present evidence related to the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD.

Methods

According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, articles for this systematic review were searched on Medline (through PubMed), Embase (through Elsevier), PsycINFO (through OVID) and Web of Science databases for English articles, as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Wanfang Data, and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) Databases for Chinese articles published from the date of inception to 2 August 2022. Two researchers (BW, HZ) independently screened studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed their quality.

Results

A total of 25 157 studies were searched. Only 25 of them were ultimately included, containing 3336 subjects (1535 patients with MDD and NSSI, 1403 patients with MDD without NSSI and 398 HCs). Included studies were divided into 6 categories: psychosocial factors (11 studies), neuroimaging (8 studies), stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (2 studies), pain perception (1 study), electroencephalogram (EEG) (2 studies) and epigenetics (1 study).

Conclusions

This systematic review indicates that patients with MDD and NSSI might have specific psychosocial factors, aberrant brain functions and neurochemical metabolisms, HPA axis dysfunctions, abnormal pain perceptions and epigenetic alterations.
The BE-ALIVE score: assessing 30-day mortality risk in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Tindale Alexander , Panoulas Vasileios
Published: August 2023

Aim

To create and validate a simple scoring system for predicting 30-day mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at their moment of admission.

Methods and results

2407 consecutive patients presenting to Harefield Hospital with measured arterial blood gases, from January 2011 to December 2020, were studied to build the training set. 30-day mortality in this group was 17.2%. A scoring algorithm that was built using binary logistic regression of variables available on admission was then converted to an additive risk score. The resultant scoring system is the BE-ALIVE score, which incorporates the following factors:

Base Excess (1 point for <−2 mmol/L), Age (<65 years: 0 points, 65–74: 1 point, 75–84: 2 points, ≥85: 3 points), Lactate (<2 mmol/L: 0 points, 2–4.9: 1 point, 5–9.9: 3 points, ≥10: 6 points), Intubated (2 points), Left Ventricular function (mildly impaired or better: −1 point, moderately impaired: 1 point, severely impaired: 3 points) and External/out of hospital cardiac arrest 2 points).

The scoring system was validated using a testing set of 515 patients presenting to Harefield Hospital in 2021. The validation metrics were excellent with a c-statistic of 0.9, Brier’s score 0.06 vs a naïve classifier of 0.15, Spiegelhalter’s z-statistic probability of 0.267 and a calibration slope of 1.08.

Conclusion

The BE-ALIVE score is a simple and accurate scoring system to predict 30-day mortality in patients presenting with ACS. Appreciating this mortality risk can allow prompt involvement of appropriate care such as the shock team.