bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional annotation of HOT regions in the human genome: implications for human disease and cancer
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Hebing , Liu Feng , Ren Chao , Wang Shengqi , Bo Xiaochen , Shu Wenjie
Published: June 2015

Advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale sequencing studies have resulted in an impressive and growing list of disease- and trait-associated genetic variants. Most studies have emphasised the discovery of genetic variation in coding sequences, however, the noncoding regulatory effects responsible for human disease and cancer biology have been substantially understudied. To better characterise the cis-regulatory effects of noncoding variation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the genetic variants in HOT (high-occupancy target) regions, which are considered to be one of the most intriguing findings of recent large-scale sequencing studies. We observed that GWAS variants that map to HOT regions undergo a substantial net decrease and illustrate development-specific localisation during haematopoiesis. Additionally, genetic risk variants are disproportionally enriched in HOT regions compared with LOT (low-occupancy target) regions in both disease-relevant and cancer cells. Importantly, this enrichment is biased toward disease- or cancer-specific cell types. Furthermore, we observed that cancer cells generally acquire cancer-specific HOT regions at oncogenes through diverse mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the key roles of HOT regions in human disease and cancer and represent a critical step toward further understanding disease biology, diagnosis and therapy.
Temperature affects the silicate morphology in a diatom
Authors: Javaheri N. , Dries R. , Burson A. , Stal L. J. , Sloot P. M. A. , Kaandorp J. A.
Published: June 2015

Silica deposition by diatoms, a common component of the phytoplankton, has attracted considerable interest given the importance in ecology and materials science. There has recently been a great deal of research into the biological control of biosilicifcation, yet the in vivo physical and chemical effects have not been quantitatively investigated. We have grown the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in batch culture at three temperatures (14o, 18o and 23 °C). We observed three distinct temperature-dependent growth phases. The morphology of silica was investigated using scanning electron microscopy followed by image analysis and supervised learning. The silica in the valves of the same species showed different structures: a mesh-like pattern in silicon-rich cultures and a tree-like pattern in silicon-limited cultures. Moreover, temperature affected this silica pattern, especially in silicon-limited cultures. We conclude that cells grown at 14 °C and 18 °C divide more successfully in Si-limited conditions by developing a tree-like pattern (lower silicification).
Electronic and magnetism properties of two-dimensional stacked nickel hydroxides and nitrides
Authors: Wei Xiao-Lin , Tang Zhen-Kun , Guo Gen-Cai , Ma Shangyi , Liu Li-Min
Published: June 2015

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials receive a lot of attention because of their outstanding intrinsic properties and wide applications. In this work, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of nickel hydroxides (Ni(OH)2) and nitrides XN (X = B, Al and Ga) heterostructures are studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that the pristine monolayer Ni(OH)2 owns no macro magnetism with antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between two nearest Ni atoms, the electronic structure can be modulated through the heterostructures. The Ni(OH)2-GaN and Ni(OH)2-AlN heterostructures retain the AFM coupling, while Ni(OH)2-BN heterostructure have a larger magnetic moment with ferromagnetic (FM) coupling. The complete electron–hole separation is found in the Ni(OH)2-GaN heterostructure. The tunable electronic and magnetic properties of the Ni(OH)2-XN heterostructures open a new door to design the spintronic devices in the 2D stacked nanostructures.
Realizing Tunable Inverse and Normal Doppler Shifts in Reconfigurable RF Metamaterials
Authors: Ran Jia , Zhang Yewen , Chen Xiaodong , Fang Kai , Zhao Junfei , Sun Yong , Chen Hong
Published: June 2015

The Doppler effect has well-established applications in astronomy, medicine, radar and metrology. Recently, a number of experimental demonstrations of the inverse Doppler effect have begun to appear. However, the inverse Doppler effect has never been observed on an electronically reconfigurable system with an external electromagnetic wave source at radio frequencies (RF) in experiment. Here we demonstrate an experimental observation of the inverse Doppler shift on an electronically reconfigurable RF metamaterial structure, which can exhibit anomalous dispersion, normal dispersion or a stop band, depending on an applied bias voltage. Either inverse or normal Doppler shift is realized by injecting an external RF signal into the electronically reconfigurable metamaterial, on which an electronically controllable moving reflective boundary is formed. The effective velocity of this boundary and the resulting frequency shift can be tuned over a wide range by a digital switching circuit. This work is expected to open up possibilities in applying the inverse Doppler effect in wireless communications, radar and satellite navigation.
Obliquity Control On Southern Hemisphere Climate During The Last Glacial
Authors: Fogwill C.J. , Turney C.S.M. , Hutchinson D.K. , Taschetto A.S. , England M.H.
Published: June 2015

Recent paleoclimate reconstructions have challenged the traditional view that Northern Hemisphere insolation and associated feedbacks drove synchronous global climate and ice-sheet volume during the last glacial cycle. Here we focus on the response of the Patagonian Ice Sheet and demonstrate that its maximum expansion culminated at 28,400 ± 500 years before present (28.4 ± 0.5 ka), more than 5,000 years before the minima in 65°N summer insolation and the formally-defined Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at 21,000 ± 2,000 years before present. To investigate the potential drivers of this early LGM (eLGM), we simulate the effects of orbital changes using a suite of climate models incorporating prescribed and evolving sea-ice anomalies. Our analyses suggest that Antarctic sea-ice expansion at 28.5 ka altered the location and intensity of the Southern Hemisphere storm track, triggering regional cooling over Patagonia of 5°C that extends across the wider mid-southern latitudes. In contrast, at the LGM, continued sea-ice expansion reduced regional temperature and precipitation further, effectively starving the ice sheet and resulting in reduced glacial expansion. Our findings highlight the dominant role that orbital changes can play in driving Southern Hemisphere glacial climate via the sensitivity of mid-latitude regions to changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent.
Nonlinear processes reinforce extreme Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Ng Benjamin , Cai Wenju , Walsh Kevin , Santoso Agus
Published: June 2015

Under global warming, climate models show an almost three-fold increase in extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events by 2100. These extreme pIODs are characterised by a westward extension of cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) which push the downstream atmospheric convergence further west. This induces severe drought and flooding in the surrounding countries, but the processes involved in this projected increase have not been fully examined. Here we conduct a detailed heat budget analysis of 19 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and show that nonlinear zonal and vertical heat advection are important for reinforcing extreme pIODs. Under greenhouse warming, these nonlinear processes do not change significantly in amplitude, but the frequency of occurrences surpassing a threshold increases. This is due to the projected weakening of the Walker circulation, which leads to the western tropical Indian Ocean warming faster than the east. As such, the magnitude of SSTAs required to shift convection westward is relatively smaller, allowing these convection shifts to occur more frequently in the future. The associated changes in wind and ocean current anomalies support the zonal and vertical advection terms in a positive feedback process and consequently, moderate pIODs become more extreme-like.
Adsorption of cadmium(ii) and copper(ii) from soil and water samples onto a magnetic organozeolite modified with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane using an artificial neural network and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Shirani Mahboube , Akbari Ali , Hassani Mohsen
Published: June 2015

A novel sorbent for the adsorption of cadmium and copper using an artificial neural network has been synthesised.
Towards basic ionic liquid-based hybrid membranes as hydroxide-conducting electrolytes under low humidity conditions
Authors: Liu Cong , Feng Sinan , Zhuang Zhuang , Qi Duo , Li Guibin , Zhao Chengji , Li Xuefeng , Na Hui
Published: June 2015

We have developed basic ionic liquid-based hybrid membranes with ionic liquid modified zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as fillers, aiming to enhance the electrochemical and physical properties of the membrane.
Asymmetric zinc porphyrin-sensitized nanosized TiO2 for efficient visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction to CO/CH4
Authors: Li Kan , Lin Li , Peng Tianyou , Guo Yingying , Li Renjie , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2015

Asymmetric zinc porphyrin was used as a novel sensitizer for the visible-light-driven activity of CO2 photoreduction to CO/CH4 in the gas phase.
Photocatalytic water reduction from a noble-metal-free molecular dyad based on a thienyl-expanded BODIPY photosensitizer
Authors: Luo Geng-Geng , Fang Kai , Wu Ji-Huai , Mo Jun
Published: June 2015

A robust and absolutely noble-metal-free hydrogen-evolving molecular dyad was constructed by anchoring a thienyl-expanded BODIPY photosensitizer to a cobaloxime catalyst.
Copper-catalyzed cascade azidation–cyclization of tryptophols and tryptamines
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Sun Wangsheng , Li Guofeng , Hong Liang , Wang Rui
Published: June 2015

The copper-catalyzed cascade azidation–cyclization of tryptophols and tryptamines has been developed.
Enzymatic synthesis and post-functionalization of two-dimensional crystalline cellulose oligomers with surface-reactive groups
Authors: Yataka Yusuke , Sawada Toshiki , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: June 2015

Two-dimensional crystalline cellulose oligomers with surface-reactive azide groups were synthesized by enzymatic reactions and covalently post-functionalized with alkyne-containing dye molecules through click reactions.
Single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs fabricated from a cyclic conjugated organogelator with high field-effect mobility and high photoresponsivity
Authors: Guan Ying-Shi , Qin Yunke , Sun Yuanhui , Wang Chao , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: June 2015

We report the first single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs fabricated from a cyclic organogelator with high hole mobility and high photoresponsivity.
Effects of stereoelectronic interactions on the relativistic spin–orbit and paramagnetic components of the 13C NMR shielding tensors of dihaloethenes
Authors: Viesser Renan V. , Ducati Lucas C. , Autschbach Jochen , Tormena Cláudio F.
Published: June 2015

The interactions between iodine atoms are responsible for lower 13C NMR shielding for the cis isomers in comparison to trans.
PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles: design, methotrexate loading and biological evaluation in animal models
Authors: Kakkar Dipti , Dumoga Shweta , Kumar Rohit , Chuttani Krishna , Mishra Anil Kumar
Published: June 2015

The design of pegylated SLNs for efficient entrapment and delivery of methotrexate at tumour sites in order to overcome its bioavailability and blood retention issues.
Hierarchical nanosheet-constructed yolk–shell TiO2 porous microspheres for lithium batteries with high capacity, superior rate and long cycle capability
Authors: Jin Jun , Huang Shao-Zhuan , Li Yu , Tian He , Wang Hong-En , Yu Yong , Chen Li-Hua , Hasan Tawfique , Su Bao-Lian
Published: June 2015

A hierarchical nanosheet-constructed yolk–shell TiO2 (NYTiO2) porous microsphere is synthesized for advanced lithium batteries.
High performance Li4Ti5O12/CN anode material promoted by melamine–formaldehyde resin as carbon–nitrogen precursor
Authors: Ren Yurong , Lu Peng , Huang Xiaobing , Ding Jianning , Wang Haiyan , Zhou Shibiao , Chen Yuandao , Liu Beiping
Published: June 2015

A carbon–nitrogen coating approach using melamine–formaldehyde resin as the carbon–nitrogen source is introduced with the aim of obtaining a Li4Ti5O12/CN composite, exhibiting a significant improvement in its electrochemical performance compared to that of pure Li4Ti5O12.
Electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of thiols with trifluoromethanesulfenamide
Authors: Jereb Marjan , Dolenc Darko
Published: June 2015

Efficient and highly selective, metal-free, acid promoted synthesis of trifluoromethyl disulfides from thiols and PhNHSCF3 is described.
One pot hydrothermal synthesis of graphene like MoS2 nanosheets for application in high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Perumal Veeramalai Chandrasekar , Li Fushan , Xu Hongyuan , Kim Tae Whan , Guo Tailiang
Published: June 2015

The excellent performance of hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 few layer nanosheets as a Li-ion battery anode material is demonstrated.
Mechanism and stereoselectivity of the Rh(ii)-catalyzed cyclopropanation of diazooxindole: a density functional theory study
Authors: Xue Yun-Sheng , Cai Yu-Ping , Chen Zhao-Xu
Published: June 2015

A density functional theory study was performed to understand the detailed mechanisms and stereoselectivity of the rhodium(ii)-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions with diazooxindole and styrene.
Gas sensors based on ultrathin porous Co3O4 nanosheets to detect acetone at low temperature
Authors: Zhang Ziyue , Wen Zhen , Ye Zhizhen , Zhu Liping
Published: June 2015

Gas sensors based on ultrathin porous Co3O4 nanosheets to detect acetone for diagnosing diabetes at a low operating temperature.
Role of lithium oxide as a sintering aid for a CGO electrolyte fabricated via a phase inversion technique
Authors: Jamil Siti Munira , Dzarfan Othman Mohd Hafiz , Rahman Mukhlis A. , Jaafar Juhana , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Mohamed Mohamad Azuwa
Published: June 2015

The incorporation of lithium oxide (Li2O) as a liquid phase sintering additive has specific advantages for electrolyte membrane fabrication.
Corncob lignocellulose for the production of furfural by hydrothermal pretreatment and heterogeneous catalytic process
Authors: Deng Aojie , Ren Junli , Li Huiling , Peng Feng , Sun Runcang
Published: June 2015

In this paper, an environmentally-friendly two-step process for furfural production was developed by the hydrothermal pretreatment of corncob and the heterogeneous catalysis of the hydrolysate using a solid acid catalyst.
Potentiometric multi-walled carbon nanotube Zn-sensor based on a naphthalocyanine neutral carrier: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Shehab Ola R. , Mansour Ahmed M.
Published: June 2015

Naphthalocyanine derivative is incorporated in carbon paste electrode and examined as a neutral carrier for zinc selective electrode.
Modular synthesis of dihydro-isoquinolines: palladium-catalyzed sequential C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bond activation
Authors: Liu Weidong , Yu Qingzhen , Hu Le'an , Chen Zenghua , Huang Jianhui
Published: June 2015

An efficient synthesis of dihydro-isoquinolines via a Pd–catalyzed double C–H bond activation/annulation featuring a short reaction time, high atom economy and the formation of a sterically less favoured tertiary C–N bond.
Metal–organic framework–graphene oxide composites: a facile method to highly improve the proton conductivity of PEMs operated under low humidity
Authors: Yang Lijia , Tang Beibei , Wu Peiyi
Published: June 2015

Nafion based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) modified by a metal–organic framework–graphene oxide composite (ZIF-8@GO) are reported.
Designed synthesis of a unique single-crystal Fe-doped LiNiPO4 nanomesh as an enhanced cathode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Zhang Huijuan , Fang Ling , Ouyang Ya , Wang Yu
Published: June 2015

We report a novel and unique single-crystal hierarchical Fe-doped LiNiPO4 nanomesh and its systematic electrochemical performance for LIBs, which represents a great breakthrough in LiNiPO4-based materials.
Key components to the recent performance increases of solution processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors
Authors: McAfee Seth M. , Topple Jessica M. , Hill Ian G. , Welch Gregory C.
Published: June 2015

Within the last year, the intensive development of π-conjugated small molecule acceptors has yielded viable alternatives to fullerene acceptors in state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic devices.
Novel amphoteric ion exchange membranes by blending sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/quaternized poly(ether imide) for vanadium redox flow battery applications
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wang Lihua , Li Dan , Liu Biqian , Wang Jianjun , Song Yanlin
Published: June 2015

For vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) applications, novel amphoteric ion exchange membranes (AIEMs) are prepared using sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and quaternized poly(ether imide) (QAPEI) by a facile method.
98.8% switching energy reduction in SAR ADC for bioelectronics application
Authors: Tong Xingyuan , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2015

An energy‐efficient successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) switching scheme is proposed for low‐power biomedical applications. By dramatically reducing energy consumption in the first three bit‐cycles, the average switching energy of the proposed scheme is reduced by 98.8% compared with the conventional architecture. The number of capacitors in the capacitor array of this proposed scheme is also reduced by 75.5% over the conventional approach.
Compact ultra‐wide stopband low pass filter using multimode resonators
Authors: Li Qun , Zhang Yonghong , Fan Yong
Published: June 2015

A compact microstrip ultra‐wide stopband low pass filter using multimode resonators is presented. It consists of a narrow width microstrip line with high impedance and three multimode resonators. The characteristics and equivalent circuits of the multimode resonator are investigated. Owing to the strong slow‐wave and bandstop effects, the multimode resonator can be implemented to achieve an ultra‐wide stopband and size reduction. At the 3 dB cut off frequency of 1.8 GHz, the measured stopband of the low pass filter with 15 dB suppression is from 2.83 to 24 GHz. The physical size of the proposed low pass filter is 0.09λg × 0.11λg. The presented simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Resolution‐enhanced sturdy MASH delta–sigma modulator for wideband low‐voltage applications
Authors: Qi Liang , Sin Sai‐Weng , U Seng‐Pan , Martins Rui Paulo
Published: June 2015

A resolution‐enhanced sturdy multi‐stage noise shaping (MASH) delta–sigma modulator is presented. By employing the Leslie‐Singh architecture in the first stage and an appropriate second stage digital filtering, the proposed structure could achieve much higher resolution [>80 dB signal‐to‐quantisation noise ratio] when compared with a traditional sturdy MASH, at a lower oversampling ratio (e.g. 8X). Interestingly, the mismatch between digital and analogue transfer functions is inherently shaped so that the structure is not sensitive to opamp finite gain error. Both these properties make the proposed structure suitable for wideband low‐voltage applications. Behavioural simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure when compared with the prior art of its high performance delta–sigma counterparts.
Enhanced hierarchical model of object recognition based on a novel patch selection method in salient regions
Authors: Lu Yan‐Feng , Kang Tae‐Koo , Zhang Hua‐Zhen , Lim Myo‐Taeg
Published: June 2015

The biologically inspired hierarchical model for object recognition, Hierarchical Model and X (HMAX), has attracted considerable attention in recent years. HMAX is robust (i.e. shift‐ and scale‐invariant), but its use of random‐patch‐selection makes it sensitive to rotational deformation, which heavily limits its performance in object recognition. The main reason is that numerous randomly chosen patches are often orientation selective, thereby leading to mismatch. To address this issue, the authors propose a novel patch selection method for HMAX called saliency and keypoint‐based patch selection (SKPS), which is based on a saliency (attention) mechanism and multi‐scale keypoints. In contrast to the conventional random‐patch‐selection‐based HMAX model that involves huge amounts of redundant information in feature extraction, the SKPS‐based HMAX model (S‐HMAX) extracts a very few features while offering promising distinctiveness. To show the effectiveness of S‐HMAX, the authors apply it to object categorisation and conduct experiments on the CalTech101, TU Darmstadt, ImageNet and GRAZ01 databases. The experimental results demonstrate that S‐HMAX outperforms conventional HMAX and is very comparable with existing architectures that have a similar framework.
Traitement en technique linguale d’un cas de béance
antérieure
Authors: Gallardo Ricardo
Published: June 2015

L’un des avantages de l’orthodontie linguale est d’offrir à notre patient un traitement
en toute discrétion, en conservant une esthétique faciale acceptable tout au long du
traitement. Néanmoins, il est indéniable que le traitement de la béance antérieure en
technique linguale reste un défi pour le praticien. Le cas que nous présentons dans cet
article est un cas de classe II squelettique et dentaire avec une béance antérieure. La
difficulté du traitement de cette malocclusion est de réussir à contrôler le torque des
incisives pendant la fermeture de la béance, sachant qu’il s’agit là d’un facteur critique
en technique linguale. Pour cette raison, nous préciserons surtout nos démarches
diagnostiques, ainsi que les stratégies thérapeutiques qui nous ont permis d’atteindre nos
objectifs en contrôlant le torque des incisives.
Relations cranio-mandibulaires et posture anti-gravitaire :
étude stabilométrique de cales de désocclusion
Authors: Decocq Philippe , Honoré Jacques , Auclair-Assaad Catherine , Sequeira Henrique , Bocquet Emmanuelle
Published: June 2015

Les caractéristiques céphalométriques conditionneraient la posture anti-gravitaire. Ce
travail examine la relation entre, d’une part, la classe squelettique et la divergence
faciale et, d’autre part, la posture statique. Les angles ANB et FMA ont été mesurés sur
des radiotélégraphies de profil chez vingt adultes sains. Chez chacun, un
statokinésigramme a été enregistré yeux ouverts et un autre yeux fermés, sans cale de
désocclusion, avec cale antérieure et avec cales postérieures. Sans cale, les angles ANB
et FMA s’avèrent corrélés avec la précision du contrôle postural. L’ajout de cales modifie
la position moyenne du centre des pressions exercées au sol par le corps, sur l’axe
antéro-postérieur, et cet effet est cohérent avec celui de la typologie. Il modifie aussi
les déplacements du centre des pressions, sur le même axe. Ces effets varient selon que
les yeux sont ouverts ou fermés. Les données recueillies confortent la notion d’une
incidence des paramètres céphalométriques, et de leur modification mécanique, sur la
posture statique. Elles invitent à prendre davantage en considération l’impact postural
des cales utilisées dans la pratique orthodontique.
Importance de la position du condyle dans le diagnostic, le
traitement et la prévention des DAM
Authors: Martin Domingo , Rozencweig Sophie , Maté Amaia , Valenzuela Jaime
Published: June 2015

Lorsqu’un patient souffrant de douleurs articulaires se présente à notre cabinet, il
pourrait être aisé pour nous orthodontistes d’ignorer le problème en estimant que
l’occlusion n’est pas en relation avec les symptômes et qu’il s’agit seulement d’un
problème bio-psychosocial. Au travers d’exemples largement illustrés, cet article tente de
démontrer que le patient peut apparaître en position occlusale stable, alors qu’il est en
position articulaire instable. Ceci peut générer des adaptations articulaires, dentaires
(abrasions) et l’apparition de douleurs. L’orthodontie permet de prendre en charge les
patients en souffrance à la condition que la planification du traitement intègre le
rétablissement d’une position articulaire stable, tout autant que celui d’une position
occlusale stable.
Kate Davis: Re-Visioning Art History after Modernism and Postmodernism
Authors: Horne Victoria
Published: June 2015

This article engages with the work of Scotland-based artist Kate Davis (b.1977). The discussion begins to articulate a framework for understanding Davis's work within a feminist logic of re-visioning and re-citing, strategies that are explicated and suggested as paradigmatic to feminist art production since 1970. Fundamentally, the article explores Davis's complex strategies for adopting and adapting motifs from within the archives of art history, arguing that her work constitutes a mode of visual research and historiography.
Between Islamophobia and Post-Feminist Agency: Intersectional Trouble in the European Face-Veil Bans
Authors: Taramundi Dolores Morondo
Published: June 2015

Women's equality claims have occupied the forefront of the European debate on face-veil bans; most claims have been denounced as mere manipulation for anti-Islamic and/or anti-immigrant political agendas, and the dilemma between anti-sexist and anti-racist struggles has been argued to be false. This article examines how opportunistic manipulation of gender equality claims and the ‘ethnicisation’ of sexism have been assessed and confronted in the scholarly debate opposing the bans, as well as the impact that this debate has had on women's equality claims and the intersectionality issue. I argue that the women's oppression argument has not been fully considered, because it would have disrupted the anti-racist struggle due to unresolved problems with understanding intersectionality.
Colluding with Neo-Liberalism: Post-Feminist Subjectivities, Whiteness and Expressions of Entitlement
Authors: Wilkes Karen
Published: June 2015

This discussion contributes to the ongoing debates regarding the (re)sexualisation of female bodies in popular and visual culture. Visual texts display the upper middle-class white female as the carrier of mainstream neo-liberal values in Western societies, and the success of this approach is the twinning of the culture of individualism, self-interest and market values with feminist vocabularies; namely, choice, freedom and independence. Drawing on a broad feminist scholarship that includes discussions on the influence of the HBO series Sex and the City, semiotic analysis is combined with intersectionality to gain an understanding of how gender, class and sexuality shape and reinforce whiteness as entitled to luxury in an advertising campaign for Michael Kors luxury goods. Contemporary representations have expanded to include representations of affluent women who appear to have it all. These new post-feminist subjectivities promote an aesthetic of wealth, to display privileged whiteness, heterosexuality, normative Western beauty ideals and individualism. An intersectional approach reveals the apparent neutrality of neo-liberal values as being an expression of whiteness, specifically in representations of white women as economically independent neo-liberal subjects who display their status through the conspicuous consumption of luxury brands.
The effect of nearly steady shock waves in ramp compression experiments
Authors: Fratanduono D. E. , Smith R. F. , Braun D. G. , Patterson J. R. , Kraus R. G. , Perry T. S. , Arsenlis A. , Collins G. W. , Eggert J. H.
Published: June 2015

The iterative Lagrangian analysis (ILA) applied to free-surface velocity measurements of ramp-compressed samples is an established technique to determine the stress-density response of materials up to 50 Mbar pressures. In this work, we examine the accuracy of the ILA of ramp compression profiles with multiple shock waves present through the analysis of simulated compression profiles. The results presented indicate that ramp-compression data with weak shock waves can be analyzed using the ILA to quantitatively measure the absolute stress and density along the compression path.
Synchronous characterization of semiconductor microcavity laser beam
Authors: Wang T. , Lippi G. L.
Published: June 2015

We report on a high-resolution double-channel imaging method used to synchronously map the intensity- and optical-frequency-distribution of a laser beam in the plane orthogonal to the propagation direction. The synchronous measurement allows us to show that the laser frequency is an inhomogeneous distribution below threshold, but that it becomes homogeneous across the fundamental Gaussian mode above threshold. The beam’s tails deviations from the Gaussian shape, however, are accompanied by sizeable fluctuations in the laser wavelength, possibly deriving from manufacturing details and from the influence of spontaneous emission in the very low intensity wings. In addition to the synchronous spatial characterization, a temporal analysis at any given point in the beam cross section is carried out. Using this method, the beam homogeneity and spatial shape, energy density, energy center, and the defects-related spectrum can also be extracted from these high-resolution pictures.
Fuzzy multi-objective optimization for movement performance of deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges
Authors: Lu Qian , Cui Zhi , Chen Xifu
Published: June 2015

Compared with commonly used flexure hinges, deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges are more suitable for flexible mechanisms with high precise transmission requirements. The rotation stiffness model of deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges was built first, and the compliance matrix was analyzed and solved by using Newton-Cotes quadrature formula to simplify the calculation of compliance coefficients; on the other hand, the fuzzy multi-objective optimization model with distribution was constructed, and a detailed example was given out to validate the effectiveness of the fuzzy optimization. The experiment results show that the desired angular displacement αz around the z axis is increased by 30.13%; while the undesired αy that around the y axis is decreased by 15.74% in experiment. The line displacements of Δy and Δz along the Y and Z axes are decreased by 18.15% and 47.69%, respectively. All the optimization data show that after the fuzzy optimization, the rotation capacity of z axis has been raised, and the motion capacity of the undesired directions has been restrained, so that the movement precision and the performance of the deep-notch elliptical flexure hinge can be improved, which is more suitable for the optical waveguide packaging positioning platform with high precision transmission.
Parallel measurement of conductive and convective thermal transport of micro/nanowires based on Raman mapping
Authors: Li Man , Li Changzheng , Wang Jianmei , Xiao Xiangheng , Yue Yanan
Published: June 2015

Heat conduction and convection are coupled effects in thermal transport of low-dimensional materials especially at micro/nanoscale. However, the parallel measurement is a challenge due to the limitation of characterization pathways. In this work, we report a method to study conductive and convective thermal transport of micro/nanowires simultaneously by using steady-state Joule-heating and Raman mapping. To examine this method, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fiber (36 μm in diameter) is characterized and its temperature dependence of thermal properties including thermal conductivity and convection coefficient in ambient air is studied. Preliminary results show that thermal conductivity of the CNTs fiber increases from 26 W/m K to 34 W/m K and convection coefficient decreases from 1143 W/m2 K to 1039 W/m2 K with temperature ranging from 312 to 444 K. The convective heat dissipation to the air could be as high as 60% of the total Joule heating power. Uncertainty analysis is performed to reveal that fitting errors can be further reduced by increasing sampling points along the fiber. This method features a fast/convenient way for parallel measurement of both heat conduction and convection of micro/nanowires which is beneficial to comprehensively understanding the coupled effect of micro/nanoscale heat conduction and convection.
Experimental characterization of thermally-activated artificial muscles based on coiled nylon fishing lines
Authors: Cherubini Antonello , Moretti Giacomo , Vertechy Rocco , Fontana Marco
Published: June 2015

The discovery of an innovative class of thermally activated actuators based on twisted polymeric fibres has opened new horizons toward the development of effective devices that can be easily manufactured using inexpensive materials such as fishing lines or sewing threads. These new devices show large deformations when heated together with promising performance in terms of energy and power densities. With the aim of providing information and data useful for the future engineering applications, we present the results of a thermo-mechanical characterization conducted on a specific type of twisted polymeric fibre (i.e. nylon-made coiled actuators) that is considered particularly promising. A custom experimental test-bench and procedure have been developed and employed to run isothermal and isometric tensile tests on a set of specimens that are fabricated with a simple and repeatable process. The results of the experiments highlight some important issues related to the response of these actuators such as hysteresis, repeatability, predictability and stored elastic energy.
Structures and stability of metal-doped GenM (n = 9, 10) clusters
Authors: Qin Wei , Lu Wen-Cai , Xia Lin-Hua , Zhao Li-Zhen , Zang Qing-Jun , Wang C. Z. , Ho K. M.
Published: June 2015

The lowest-energy structures of neutral and cationic GenM (n = 9, 10; M = Si, Li, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Au, Ag, Yb, Pm and Dy) clusters were studied by genetic algorithm (GA) and first-principles calculations. The calculation results show that doping of the metal atoms and Si into Ge9 and Ge10 clusters is energetically favorable. Most of the metal-doped Ge cluster structures can be viewed as adding or substituting metal atom on the surface of the corresponding ground-state Gen clusters. However, the neutral and cationic FeGe9,10,MnGe9,10 and Ge10Al are cage-like with the metal atom encapsulated inside. Such cage-like transition metal doped Gen clusters are shown to have higher adsorption energy and thermal stability. Our calculation results suggest that Ge9,10Fe and Ge9Si would be used as building blocks in cluster-assembled nanomaterials because of their high stabilities.
Random lasing of microporous surface of Cr2+:ZnSe crystal induced by femtosecond laser
Authors: Yang Xianheng , Feng Guoying , Yao Ke , Yi Jiayu , Zhang Hong , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: June 2015

We demonstrate a random lasing emission based on microporous surface of Cr2+:ZnSe crystal prepared by femtosecond pulsed laser ablation in high vacuum (below 5 × 10−4 Pa). The scanning electron microscope results show that there are a mass of micropores with an average size of ∼13 μm and smaller ones with ∼1.2 μm on the surface of Cr2+:ZnSe crystal. The adjacent micropore spacing of the smaller micropores ranges from 1 μm to 5 μm. Under 1750 nm excitation of Nd:YAG (355 nm) pumped optical parametric oscillator, a random lasing emission with center wavelength of 2350 nm and laser-like threshold of 0.3 mJ/pulse is observed. The emission lifetime of 2350 nm laser reduces from 800 ns to 30 ns as the pump energy increases above threshold. The emission spectra and decay time of smooth surface, groove and microporous surface of Cr2+:ZnSe crystal are contrasted. The optional pump wavelength range is from 1500 nm to 1950 nm, which in accordance with the optical absorption property of Cr2+:ZnSe crystal. The peak position of excitation spectra is almost identical to the strongest absorption wavelength.
Dual-band polarization-/angle-insensitive metamaterial absorber
Authors: Xiong Han , Zhong Lin-Lin , Luo Chao-Ming , Hong Jing-Song
Published: June 2015

A dual-band metamaterial absorber (MA) based on triangular resonators is designed and investigated in this paper. It is composed of a two-dimensional periodic metal-dielectric-metal sandwiches array on a dielectric substrate. The simulation results clearly show that this absorber has two absorption peaks at 14.9 and 18.9 GHz, respectively, and experiments are conducted to verify the proposed designs effectively. For each polarization, the dual-band absorber is insensitive to the incident angle (up to 60°) and the absorption peaks remain high for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) radiation. To study the physical mechanism of power loss, the current distribution at the dual absorption peaks is given. The MA proposed in this paper has potential applications in many scientific and martial fields.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence spectra of bilayer two-dimensional electron gases in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 superlattices: coexistence of Auger recombination and single-carrier trapping
Authors: Ma H. J. Harsan , Venkatesan T. , Wang S. J. , Ariando
Published: June 2015

We report emerging photoluminescence (PL) of bilayer two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) systems. A strong blue PL emerges in bilayer-2DEGs in LAO/STO/LAO/STO which doesn’t show in LAO/STO. PL band in bilayer-2DEGs includes both nearly temperature independent Auger recombination and temperature dependent free electron trapping while it crossovers from Auger recombination to single carrier trapping in LAO/STO. The PL signal of free electron trapping appears at high temperatures and it is much stronger than Auger recombination in the conducting channel in bilayer 2DEGs. This observation shows that high mobility carriers dominate the carrier dynamics in bilayer-2DEGs in LAO/STO superlattices.
Multiscale power analysis for heart rate variability
Authors: Zeng Peng , Liu Hongxing , Ni Huangjing , Zhou Jing , Xia Lan , Ning Xinbao
Published: June 2015

We first introduce multiscale power (MSP) method to assess the power distribution of physiological signals on multiple time scales. Simulation on synthetic data and experiments on heart rate variability (HRV) are tested to support the approach. Results show that both physical and psychological changes influence power distribution significantly. A quantitative parameter, termed power difference (PD), is introduced to evaluate the degree of power distribution alteration. We find that dynamical correlation of HRV will be destroyed completely when PD>0.7.
Direct imaging of structural heterogeneity of the melt-spun Fe85.2Si2B8P4Cu0.8 alloy
Authors: Sato Kazuhisa , Takenaka Kana , Makino Akihiro , Hirotsu Yoshihiko
Published: June 2015

A structural heterogeneity of the melt-spun Fe85.2Si2B8P4Cu0.8 alloy has been studied by spherical aberration (Cs) corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Hollow-cone illumination imaging revealed that the density of coherent scattering regions in the as-quenched Fe85.2Si2B8P4Cu0.8 alloy is much higher than that in the Fe76Si9B10P5 bulk metallic glass. According to the Cs-corrected TEM, crystalline atomic clusters, typically of ∼1 nm in diameter, are densely distributed in an amorphous matrix of Fe85.2Si2B8P4Cu0.8 alloy. Observation of four-fold and six-fold atomic arrangements of these clusters implies existence of Fe clusters with the body centered cubic structure. These Fe clusters must be responsible for the formation of ultrahigh-density α-Fe nanocrystals produced by post-annealing.
Diet of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) at Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park and comparison with that of historic free-ranging mala in the Tanami Desert: implications for management and future reintroductions
Authors: Clayton Jim A. , Pavey Chris R. , Vernes Karl , Jefferys Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

Lack of information regarding the ecology of threatened species may compromise conservation efforts. Mala, a small macropod that historically inhabited a vast area of arid Australia, became extinct in the wild in 1991. Although dietary studies were completed before their disappearance from the Tanami Desert, no such work was conducted in the southern Northern Territory before mala became extinct in this part of its former range. The reintroduction of mala to Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park provided an opportunity for dietary analysis of faecal pellets. Results show that mala foraged a wide variety of plant species, although grasses and supplementary food comprised the bulk of the diet. Neither the average percentage of Poaceae, Triodia in particular, nor supplementary food found in pellet samples was correlated with rainfall. Niche breadth analysis showed a narrow dietary range for both the Tanami and Uluru studies. Mala at both locations selected similar types of plants, plant parts, and several of the same species. Results suggest that food species Aristida holathera and Eragrostis eriopoda should be monitored to assist in determining the carrying capacity of the Uluru enclosure. A botanically diverse reintroduction site supporting Eragrostis, Aristida and Triodia appears to be most suitable for mala.
Research methods and analytic strategies.
Authors: Worobey J.
Published: June 2015

In this chapter the most common approaches to conducting research in the area of nutrition and behaviour are outlined. Experimental and correlational strategies are discussed together with the proper identification of independent and dependent variables.
B vitamins, the central nervous system and behavior.
Authors: Tepper B. J. , Kanarek R. B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter examines how vitamin B deficiencies may be linked to cognitive, motor and affective developmental delay. The functions, requirements, dietary sources, and clinical effects of inadequate intake, and adverse effects and toxicity of thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin and folic acid.
Eating disorder syndromes: anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
Authors: Worobey J.
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses the history, diagnosis, prevalence, physiological consequences, the psychological characteristics, aetiology, risk factors, and treatment (psychological, nutritional and pharmacological) of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Airplanes.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter presents an overview of the different air transport classifications and the characteristics of various airline business models. It also discusses: the history of aviation; the complex nature of aviation regulations and the associations which are involved; the worldwide airline demand and supply; and the most important airline performance indicators.
Rail.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter identifies and describes the different types of rail transportation and their relative importance to the tourism industry, and describes the impact of early rail operations and the present state of the industry. The chapter also looks at the European and North American regulatory frameworks for rail transport and the international associations involved, as well as the demand and supply worldwide.
Speciality ground transportation.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter describes different forms and experiences of recreational ground transportation and their importance within the tourism industry. These include automobile experiences and courses, animal-based transport, bicycling, segways, recreational vehicles, rickshaws, and walking.
Cruise ships.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter describes the modern cruise as a product and its origins; the major international associations involved in the regulation of marine safety and environment; and the demand and supply sides of the cruise industry.
Passenger lines and ferries.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses the main characteristics of ferries and passenger lines; illustrates the history of this transport sector, the associations involved and the legal framework; and assess the demand and supply sides of the industry. Other forms of water-based transportation are highlighted.
Future outlook.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter aims to raise awareness for some of the trends affecting the future of tourism transport. Demographic developments, climatic developments/sustainability, technology, tourism megatrends, and future innovations and visions are covered in this chapter.
Culture and the event experience.
Authors: Povey G. , Wyk J. A. van
Published: June 2015

This chapter investigates cultural, political and societal influences that have shaped the events industry since the 1960's. Through the use of case studies and other industry examples, the chapter highlights key trends and influences that have contributed to the high profile of today's event industry, aligned as it is to high-profile celebrations, celebrity culture and major public followings.
Developing the event concept.
Authors: Booth A.
Published: June 2015

This chapter introduces key theories and ideas surrounding the design, development, delivery and analysis of events. The chapter provides definitions of key terms, explains underpinning models and illustrates the range and scope of the events industry. Through the use of short case studies the chapter also demonstrates the range of activities that are classed as 'events' and explores the relationship between events and tourism, hospitality, leisure, business, fundraising, charities and sport.
Funding, sponsorship and financial management.
Authors: Wiscombe C.
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores the financial challenges of managing and delivering events and considers the ways in which events are funded. Topics around sponsorship will be discussed as fundraising tools, and the different models needed for financing public, private and third sector events will be analysed.
Marketing events.
Authors: Wale D. , Ridal A.
Published: June 2015

This chapter applies marketing concepts, principles and models to the events industry. The chapter provides explanation with case studies of strategies for marketing events with a particular focus on contemporary e-marketing communications.
Managing a quality event experience.
Authors: Oriade A.
Published: June 2015

This chapter evaluates the importance of quality management in the event sector, and examines the nature of quality and how this influences satisfaction and repeat visits to events. Concepts such as perceived quality, value and customer expectation are explored. In the same vein, theories such as cue utilization, gap analysis and Kano's theory of attractive quality are highlighted to provide frameworks to enhance student understanding and assist practitioners to evaluate and manage service quality in the industry.
Sustainability and events management.
Authors: Heitmann S. , Dávid L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter introduces concepts of ethics and social responsibility, and then takes an issues-based approach to consider the social, environmental and legal issues influencing the successful management of events. This chapter explores the impacts events can have on a destination and its community. Both negative and positive impacts on economies, environments (built and natural) and societies are included in the discussion. In order to minimize any negative impacts, the concept of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is analysed, using principles of good practice and various case studies to highlight the issues surrounding impacts and the responsibility of event managers. The final part of the book takes a long-term view of the events sector, starting with an overview of the themes in event planning that have grown exponentially in recent years.
Closing remarks: the future of events.
Authors: Wale D. , Robinson P. , Dickson G.
Published: June 2015

The concluding chapter will summarize and review the key discussions from the book while also considering current and future developments within the events industry.