bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delineating the heterogeneity of embryo preimplantation development using automated and accurate morphokinetic annotation
Authors: Zabari Nir , Kan-Tor Yoav , Or Yuval , Shoham Zeev , Shufaro Yoel , Richter Dganit , Har-Vardi Iris , Ben-Meir Assaf , Srebnik Naama , Buxboim Amnon
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Our objective was to design an automated deep learning model that extracts the morphokinetic events of embryos that were recorded by time-lapse incubators. Using automated annotation, we set out to characterize the temporal heterogeneity of preimplantation development across a large number of embryos.

Methods

To perform a retrospective study, we used a dataset of video files of 67,707 embryos from four IVF clinics. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to assess the developmental states that appear in single frames from 20,253 manually-annotated embryos. Probability-weighted superposition of multiple predicted states was permitted, thus accounting for visual uncertainties. Superimposed embryo states were collapsed onto discrete series of morphokinetic events via monotonic regression of whole-embryo profiles. Unsupervised K-means clustering was applied to define subpopulations of embryos of distinctive morphokinetic profiles.

Results

We perform automated assessment of single-frame embryo states with 97% accuracy and demonstrate whole-embryo morphokinetic annotation with R-square 0.994. High quality embryos that had been valid candidates for transfer were clustered into nine subpopulations, as characterized by distinctive developmental dynamics. Retrospective comparative analysis of transfer versus implantation rates reveals differences between embryo clusters as marked by poor synchronization of the third mitotic cell-cleavage cycle.

Conclusions

By demonstrating fully automated, accurate, and standardized morphokinetic annotation of time-lapse embryo recordings from IVF clinics, we provide practical means to overcome current limitations that hinder the implementation of morphokinetic decision-support tools within clinical IVF settings due to inter-observer and intra-observer manual annotation variations and workload constrains. Furthermore, our work provides a platform to address embryo heterogeneity using dimensionality-reduced morphokinetic descriptions of preimplantation development.
BUILDing an Early Advantage: An Examination of the Role of Strategic Interventions in Developing First-Year Undergraduate Students’ Science Identity
Authors: Eagan M. Kevin , Romero Ana L. , Zhong Shujin
Published: June 2023

The federal government and a number of nonprofit, non-governmental agencies have invested heavily in programs designed to provide research opportunities, financial support, and mentorship to undergraduates in science-related fields. These efforts are aimed at supporting students' matriculation in science majors and into science-related careers. This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine whether college students who participate in a federally sponsored intervention program develop significantly stronger science identities in their first year of college compared to their peers who do not participate in the intervention. Results suggest intervention participants develop significantly stronger science identities compared to their counterparts in the control group, but these benefits are somewhat mitigated after controls for mentoring enter the model.
Does an immigrant teacher help immigrant students cope with negative stereotypes? Preservice teachers' and school students' perceptions of teacher bias and motivational support, as well as stereotype threat effects on immigrant students' learning
Authors: Frühauf Madita , Hildebrandt Johanna , Mros Theresa , Zander Lysann , McElvany Nele , Hannover Bettina
Published: June 2023

Can immigrant school students profit from an immigrant teacher sharing their minority background? We investigate preservice teachers' (Study 1; Mage = 26.29 years; 75.2% female) and school students' (Study 2; Mage = 14.88 years; 49.9% female) perceptions of a teacher as well as immigrant school students' learning gains (Study 2) by comparing four experimental video conditions in which a female teacher with a Turkish or German name instructs school students in a task while either saying that learning gains differed (stereotype activation) or did not differ (no stereotype activation) between immigrant and non-immigrant students. Study 1 shows that preservice teachers, regardless of their own cultural background, perceived the Turkish origin teacher as less biased, even when she voiced the stereotype, and as more motivationally supportive of school students in general than the German origin teacher. Study 2 shows that in contrast, among school students, the minority teacher was not perceived as less biased than the majority teacher. Rather, immigrant school students, in particular those with Turkish roots, were more concerned than students of the German majority that the teacher—irrespective of her background—was biased. Interestingly, these differences between students from different backgrounds disappeared when the teacher said that learning gains differed between immigrant and non-immigrant students. Immigrant school students of non-Turkish backgrounds, but not Turkish origin students suffered in their learning when instructed by the Turkish origin teacher who voiced the stereotype. We discuss implications for teacher recruitment.
A Survey of Methods for Automated Quality Control Based on Images
Authors: Diers Jan , Pigorsch Christian
Published: June 2023

The role of quality control based on images is important in industrial production. Nevertheless, this problem has not been addressed in computer vision for a long time. In recent years, this has changed: driven by publicly available datasets, a variety of methods have been proposed for detecting anomalies and defects in workpieces. In this survey, we present more than 40 methods that promise the best results for this task. In a comprehensive benchmark, we show that more datasets and metrics are needed to move the field forward. Further, we highlight strengths and weaknesses, discuss research gaps and future research areas.
Death after smoking of fentanyl, 5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and other synthetic cannabinoids with a bucket bong
Authors: Neukamm Merja A. , Halter Sebastian , Auwärter Volker , Schmitt Georg , Giorgetti Arianna , Bartel Marc
Published: June 2023

Purpose

We report a case of a polydrug user who consumed various synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyl from a transdermal patch via a bucket bong. Toxicological results from postmortem matrices with special focus on synthetic cannabinoids are discussed in terms of their relevance to the death.

Methods

The samples were analyzed by toxicological screening procedures involving immunoassays and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) as well as quantitative analyses by means of GC–MS and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Results

At the autopsy, coronary artery disease and signs of liver congestion were noted, in the absence of acute myocardial ischemic changes. Femoral blood concentrations of fentanyl and pregabalin were 14 ng/mL and 3,200 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, 2.7 ng/mL 5F-ADB and 13 ng/mL 5F-MDMB-P7AICA were detected together with relatively low amounts of 5 other synthetic cannabinoids in cardiac blood. A total number of up to 17 synthetic cannabinoids were detected in kidney, liver, urine and hair. Fentanyl and 5F-ADB were also detected in the water of the bucket bong.

Conclusions

The cause of death could be attributed to an acute mixed intoxication by fentanyl and 5F-ADB (both Toxicological Significance Score (TSS) = 3) with a contribution of pregabalin and 5F-MDMB-P7AICA (TSS = 2), in a subject suffering from pre-existing heart damage. The most plausible mechanism of death consists in a respiratory depression. This case report demonstrates that use of opioids in combination with synthetic cannabinoids might be particularly dangerous.
Validation of the CoVID-TE model as a tool to predict thrombosis, bleeding, and mortality in the oncology patient with Sars-Cov-2 infection: a study by the SEOM cancer and thrombosis group
Authors: Sánchez Cánovas Manuel , Fernández Garay David , Gómez Martínez Francisco , Brozos Vázquez Elena , Lobo de Mena Miriam , García Adrián Silvia , Pacheco-Barcía Vilma , Cacho Lavin Diego , Martínez de Castro Eva , Martín Fernández de Soignie Ana Manuela , Martínez Elia , Rúperez Blanco Ana Belén , García Escobar Ignacio , Salvador Coloma Carmen , Blaya Boluda Noel , Guirao García María Esperanza , Gambín Arroniz Mariano , Muñoz Martín Andrés J.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The CoVID-TE model was developed with the aim of predicting venous thrombotic events (VTE) in cancer patients with Sars-Cov-2 infection. Moreover, it was capable of predicting hemorrhage and mortality 30 days following infection diagnosis. The model is pending validation.

Methods/patients

Multicenter retrospective study (10 centers). Adult patients with active oncologic disease/ antineoplastic therapy with Sars-Cov-2 infection hospitalized between March 1, 2020 and March 1. 2022 were recruited. The primary endpoint was to study the association between the risk categories of the CoVID-TE model and the occurrence of thrombosis using the Chi-Square test. Secondary endpoints were to demonstrate the association between these categories and the occurrence of post-diagnostic Sars-Cov-2 bleeding/ death events. The Kaplan–Meier method was also used to compare mortality by stratification.

Results

263 patients were enrolled. 59.3% were men with a median age of 67 years. 73.8% had stage IV disease and lung cancer was the most prevalent tumor (24%). A total of 86.7% had an ECOG 0–2 and 77.9% were receiving active antineoplastic therapy. After a median follow-up of 6.83 months, the incidence of VTE, bleeding, and death 90 days after Sars-Cov-2 diagnosis in the low-risk group was 3.9% (95% CI 1.9–7.9), 4.5% (95% CI 2.3–8.6), and 52.5% (95% CI 45.2–59.7), respectively. For the high-risk group it was 6% (95% CI 2.6–13.2), 9.6% (95% CI 5.0–17.9), and 58.0% (95% CI 45.3–66.1). The Chi-square test for trends detected no statistically significant association between these variables (p > 0.05). Median survival in the low-risk group was 10.15 months (95% CI 3.84–16.46), while in the high-risk group it was 3.68 months (95% CI 0.0–7.79). The differences detected were not statistically significant (p = 0.375).

Conclusions

The data from our series does not validate of the CoVID-TE as a model to predict thrombosis, hemorrhage, or mortality in cancer patients with Sars-Cov-2 infection.
Parental Investment by Birth Fathers and Stepfathers
Authors: Pettay Jenni E. , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Helle Samuli , Perry Gretchen , Daly Martin , Tanskanen Antti O.
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the determinants of paternal investment by birth fathers and stepfathers. Inclusive fitness theory predicts higher parental investment in birth children than stepchildren, and this has consistently been found in previous studies. Here we investigate whether paternal investment varies with childhood co-residence duration and differs between stepfathers and divorced birth fathers by comparing the investment of (1) stepfathers, (2) birth fathers who are separated from the child’s mother, and (3) birth fathers who still are in a relationship with her. Path analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from adolescents and younger adults (aged 17–19, 27–29, and 37–39 years) from the German Family Panel (pairfam), collected in 2010–2011 (n = 8326). As proxies of paternal investment, we used financial and practical help, emotional support, intimacy, and emotional closeness, as reported by the children. We found that birth fathers who were still in a relationship with the mother invested the most, and stepfathers invested the least. Furthermore, the investment of both separated fathers and stepfathers increased with the duration of co-residence with the child. However, in the case of financial help and intimacy, the effect of childhood co-residence duration was stronger in stepfathers than in separated fathers. Our findings support inclusive fitness theory and mating effort theory in explaining social behavior and family dynamics in this population. Furthermore, social environment, such as childhood co-residence was associated with paternal investment.
Can low-income people afford life satisfaction? The modifying effect of personality traits, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zakershahrak Mehrsa , Chrisopoulos Sergio , Luzzi Liana , Haag Dandara , Brennan David
Published: June 2023

The aim was to investigate whether the "Big Five" personality traits modify the association between household income and life satisfaction (LF); and to evaluate the interaction and main effects of personality traits and income on LF. Data from the Dental Care and Oral Health Study (DCOHS, 2015–2016) was used for the cross-sectional study (n = 3,475). Multivariable Poisson regression models (adjusted for demographics and health behaviours) assessed the effect of personality traits (measured using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory) on the association between income and LF (measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale) using prevalence ratios (PRs). The Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) was calculated to assess the direction of effect modification. Among low-income respondents, low LF was less prevalent in those with high personality trait scores than those with low scores. The difference in the prevalence of low LF by personality traits was greater between low versus high income for openness (11.4% vs 7.7%), agreeableness (12.3% vs 9.4%) and emotional stability (26.1% vs 20.2%) categories. The combined effects of low income and low scores for these traits on LF also exceeded the sum of their individual effects, as shown by their positive RERIs. The association between low income and low LF was modified by high openness, agreeableness and emotional stability scores. Findings suggest that psychological interventions for improving LF would be most beneficial in low-income groups.
Mindfulness Meditation According to the Satipatthana Sutta: A Single-Case Study With Participants as Collaborators
Authors: Sedlmeier Peter , Beckel Alica , Conrad Samuel , Husmann Jan , Kullrich Luisa , Lange Rico , Müller Anna-Lena , Neumann Alexandra , Schaaf Teresa , Schaub Ayla , Tränkner Alexandra , Witzel Bianca
Published: June 2023

Objectives

We explored the effects of a mindfulness program based on the satipatthana sutta (instead of a contemporary Western program), with participants as collaborators, using a single-case experimental design. The main question was whether such a training has positive effects and, if so, whether and how the effects vary across participants and measures.

Method

Participants chose the design (multiple baseline) and the measures to be repeatedly collected. Then they took part in a 6-week mindfulness training based on the satipatthana sutta; finally, they performed a preliminary data analysis of their own results. Reported are a selection of the visual analyses, intraindividual effect sizes (Tau-U), and the results of single-case meta-analyses over participants, as well as a multivariate graphical analysis of interindividual differences.

Results

Substantial training effects were found on average and for the majority of participants for concentration, mind wandering, decentering, positive affect, and well-being. Effects were small for negative affect, and no effects were found for emotion regulation. However, interindividual variation was high, both in respect to specific measures and concerning the overall effect of the training program. Participants' motivation was found to be very high throughout the study.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that a traditional mindfulness program yields effects that are roughly comparable to the effects of secular mindfulness training regimens. Regarding participants as collaborators appears to have a strong motivating effect. And finally, the study demonstrates that using single-case experimental designs (instead of group designs) allows for a more fine-grained analysis of meditation effects. The high interindividual variation points to the possibility that the amount of unexplained variance in group studies is severely underestimated. Results from studies like the current one could have benefits for both theoretical advancement and custom-tailored assignment of specific forms of meditation to specific people with specific aims.
The effect of pulsed electric current on the structural and mechanical behavior of 6016 aluminium alloy in different states of hardening
Authors: Dobras Daniel , Zimniak Zbigniew , Zwierzchowski Maciej
Published: June 2023

This study presents the effect of high current pulses on the structural and mechanical behavior of the 6016 aluminium alloy in three different states of hardening: naturally aged, super saturated, and annealed. The 6016 aluminium alloy was used for the first time in terms of electrically-assisted forming. The influence of the application of different current parameters on the material behavior was conducted. The study of electrically-assisted tensile tests showed that the application of current pulses results in a distinct response of the material, depending on the hardening state. Although in a hardened state, the mechanical properties and plasticity are deteriorated, in the solution treated state, they are improved. For the changes of the material properties is responsible the interaction of the flowing current with the precipitates and the aging process. The new parameters were proposed to describe the distinctions in the material properties between the different states of hardening of the aluminium alloy during the electrically-assisted tension. The material examination was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy, using also electron backscattered diffraction methods. The application of, for example, the grain orientation spread parameter demonstrated the presence of recrystallized grains, in electrically-assisted specimens.
Eco-friendly agro-waste based geopolymer-concrete: a systematic review
Authors: Alaneme George Uwadiegwu , Olonade Kolawole Adisa , Esenogho Ebenezer
Published: June 2023

Numerous scientific studies have been conducted, and a wide range of new inorganic geopolymer composite applications have emerged as a result. This innovative material can be made from agricultural waste sources rich in aluminosilicate, which provides best substitute for traditional cement in terms of both quality and cost. This paper presents the state-of-the-art review of deploying agro-wastes as precursor for geopolymer concrete with the view to aggregating the research studies of using agro waste ash-based geopolymer as the most auspicious, durable, inexpensive, user-friendly, and eco-beneficial construction materials for the long-term use. This paper thoroughly examines the rheological, workability, chemistry, and mechanical characteristics of agro-waste ash-based geopolymer concrete with emphasis on sugarcane bagasse and banana peels ash. Sugarcane and green bananas (matooke) play vital roles in East African agriculture, economy and food security. The effects micro-structures, curing conditions, molarity of metallic alkalis, proportioning of alkaline-binder ratio, aggregates content and size fractions effects on the behavior of geopolymer concrete were critically assessed. The study highlighted the abundance of these agro products which serve as staple food in East African region, therefore, it becomes imperative to recycle its waste to produce durable concrete by way of waste management strategy. As a vital component of the readily available building materials, they have a crucial role to play in providing the construction sector with a sustainable outlook while concluding that agro-wastes are potential material that could be a game changer for geopolymer concrete, a number of research gaps that worthy for further study were identified. The findings of this review further demonstrates that agro-waste derivatives when used as binder materials in geopolymer concrete can be a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional cementitious materials.
Word choice for writing: the nature and types of children’s meta-lexical awareness
Authors: Newton Moira , Jesson Rebecca , Parr Judy
Published: June 2023

Children’s increasing expertise in composition relies partly on word choice. Little is known about how children consider words as they write, their meta-lexical awareness, or about their choice of words for writing. In this study, we investigate children’s meta-lexical awareness, as one aspect of their metalinguistic awareness, which guides their word choices as they write. We describe how child writers express their meta-lexical awareness and how this might relate to writing achievement. We view language as functional in context of use following systemic, functional grammar theorists. We employ a mixed methods approach using writing achievement scores and a modified think aloud protocol to understand what children think about words as they write. Findings show that children develop increasing sophistication in the way they consider and choose words and that this relates to their writing achievement. The nature of children’s meta-lexical awareness and its relationship to writing achievement is theorised, adding to the growing body of research into the importance of metalinguistic awareness to children’s writing.
Contesting Social Welfare in Southeast Asia
Authors: Rosser Andrew , Murphy John
Published: June 2023

This Element argues that Southeast Asia's failure to develop stronger social protection systems has been, at its root, a matter of politics and power. It has reflected the political dominance within the region of predatory and technocratic elements, and the relative weakness of progressive elements. From the mid-1980s, democratisation, the emergence of political entrepreneurs seeking to mobilise mass electoral support, and the occurrence of severe economic and social crises generated pressure on governments within the region to strengthen their social protection systems. But while such developments shifted policy in a more progressive direction, they have been insufficient to produce far-reaching change. Rather, they have produced a layering effect. Innovations have built upon pre-existing policy and institutional arrangements without fundamentally altering these arrangements, ensuring that social protection systems continue to have strong conservative, productivist and predatory attributes.
The Secret Police Dossier of Herta Müller
Authors: Glajar Valentina N.
Published: June 2023

An in-depth investigation of the Romanian secret police's file on Müller, winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Literature, re-creating a 'file story' of her surveillance.
Rotated Transtensional Basins Formed During Back‐Arc Spreading in Japan: Simultaneous Rapid Tectonic Rotation and Basin Subsidence
Authors: Hosoi J. , Tanii Y. , Okada M. , Haneda Y.
Published: June 2023

Previous models of strike‐slip basins do not consider the rotation of the basin itself; however, we show that the Tanakura transtensional basin in Japan was rotated and propose that this basin rotation was related to rifting caused by back‐arc spreading. The Tanakura Basin was formed by displacement along the Tanakura Fault Zone, one of the major active transform faults during the opening of the Sea of Japan. We carried out paleomagnetic analyses and U–Pb dating of the Neogene Tanakura Basin fill rocks. We present a revised, high‐precision stratigraphic record for the Neogene Tanakura Basin fill sequence shows that vertical‐axis counter‐clockwise rotation occurred between ∼17.2 and ∼16.6 Ma. Comparison with paleomagnetic data from adjacent areas shows that rotation was restricted to the basin. In addition, the timing of basin rotation corresponds to the rifting phase of the Tanakura Basin, suggesting that rapid basin subsidence owing to rifting and rapid basin rotation owing to strike‐slip faulting occurred simultaneously. The Tanakura Basin has the characteristics of both rift and transtensional basins that have experienced rotation. This study reveals the detailed relationships between the development and rotation of the Tanakura Basin: rifting‐related subsidence accompanied by basin rotation. Rifting owing to back‐arc spreading may have been accompanied by tectonic basin rotation in Northeast Japan, leading to variations in the magnitude and age of rotation, as the rifting occurred at different times in different locations.
The Generalized Application of a New Surface Pressure Tendency Equation in Synoptic Weather Systems
Authors: Zhang Deyuan , Ma Zhanhong
Published: June 2023

The surface pressure tendency equation (SPTE) is an important theoretical tool in understanding the development of weather systems, with various forms being proposed over the past 100 years. In this study, a new version of the SPTE, which eliminates the explicit or implicit pressure tendency term on the right‐hand side, is applied to three typical synoptic weather systems in terms of tropical cyclones, explosive cyclones anticyclones, and two mesoscale systems in terms of squall lines and supercells based on numerical simulations. Results reveal promising performance of the new equation in understanding the surface pressure tendency of three synoptic systems, showing advantages in uncovering their dominant physical processes as well as inherent discrepancies. For the tropical cyclone, the latent heating is largely responsible for the surface pressure fall, whereas the surface pressure rise of the anticyclone is mainly fueled by the upper‐level advection of potential temperature. The leading factors for the explosive cyclone intensification demonstrate a transition from mid‐level diabatic heating at the early stage to upper‐level potential temperature advection related to stratospheric air intrusion during the later intensification period. For the squall line and supercell, however, local breakdown of hydrostatic balance can be as large as ∼10%, and consequently, caution should be taken when the equation is used in mesoscale systems, especially for the supercell. These results suggest that the new SPTE can be well applied in synoptic weather systems, and can provide new insights into their intensity evolutions and contributions of diverse physical processes.
Manganese in residential drinking water from a community-initiated case study in Massachusetts
Authors: Friedman Alexa , Boselli Elena , Ogneva-Himmelberger Yelena , Heiger-Bernays Wendy , Brochu Paige , Burgess Mayah , Schildroth Samantha , Denehy Allegra , Downs Timothy , Papautsky Ian , Clauss Henn Birgit
Published: June 2023

Background

Manganese (Mn) is a metal commonly found in drinking water, but the level that is safe for consumption is unknown. In the United States (U.S.), Mn is not regulated in drinking water and data on water Mn concentrations are temporally and spatially sparse.

Objective

Examine temporal and spatial variability of Mn concentrations in repeated tap water samples in a case study of Holliston, Massachusetts (MA), U.S., where drinking water is pumped from shallow aquifers that are vulnerable to Mn contamination.

Methods

We collected 79 residential tap water samples from 21 households between September 2018 and December 2019. Mn concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We calculated descriptive statistics and percent of samples exceeding aesthetic (secondary maximum containment level; SMCL) and lifetime health advisory (LHA) guidelines of 50 µg/L and 300 µg/L, respectively. We compared these concentrations to concurrent and historic water Mn concentrations from publicly available data across MA.

Results

The median Mn concentration in Holliston residential tap water was 2.3 µg/L and levels were highly variable (range: 0.03–5,301.8 µg/L). Mn concentrations exceeded the SMCL and LHA in 14% and 12% of samples, respectively. Based on publicly available data across MA from 1994–2022, median Mn concentration was 17.0 µg/L (N = 37,210; range: 1–159,000 µg/L). On average 40% of samples each year exceeded the SMCL and 9% exceeded the LHA. Samples from publicly available data were not evenly distributed between MA towns or across sampling years.

Impact statement

This study is one of the first to examine Mn concentrations in drinking water both spatially and temporally in the U.S. Findings suggest that concentrations of Mn in drinking water frequently exceed current guidelines and occur at concentrations shown to be associated with adverse health outcomes, especially for vulnerable and susceptible subpopulations like children. Future studies that comprehensively examine exposure to Mn in drinking water and its associations with children’s health are needed to protect public health.
The pediatric leukemia oncoprotein NUP98-KDM5A induces genomic instability that may facilitate malignant transformation
Authors: Domingo-Reinés Joan , Montes Rosa , Garcia-Moreno Adrián , Gallardo Amador , Sanchez-Manas Jose Manuel , Ellson Iván , Lamolda Mar , Calabro Chiara , López-Escamez Jose Antonio , Catalina Purificación , Carmona-Sáez Pedro , Real Pedro J. , Landeira David , Ramos-Mejia Verónica
Published: June 2023

Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by a high prevalence of gene fusions as driver mutations. Despite the improvement of survival in the last years, about 50% of patients still experience a relapse. It is not possible to improve prognosis only with further intensification of chemotherapy, as come with a severe cost to the health of patients, often resulting in treatment-related death or long-term sequels. To design more effective and less toxic therapies we need a better understanding of pediatric AML biology. The NUP98-KDM5A chimeric protein is exclusively found in a particular subgroup of young pediatric AML patients with complex karyotypes and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of NUP98-KDM5A expression on cellular processes in human Pluripotent Stem Cell models and a patient-derived cell line. We found that NUP98-KDM5A generates genomic instability through two complementary mechanisms that involve accumulation of DNA damage and direct interference of RAE1 activity during mitosis. Overall, our data support that NUP98-KDM5A promotes genomic instability and likely contributes to malignant transformation.
Site-specific fabrication of a melanin-like pigment through spatially confined progressive assembly on an initiator-loaded template
Authors: Jeong Haejin , Lee Jisoo , Kim Seunghwi , Moon Haeram , Hong Seonki
Published: June 2023

Melanin-like nanomaterials have emerged in surface biofunctionalization in a material-independent manner due to their versatile adhesion arising from their catechol-rich structures. However, the unique adhesive properties of these materials ironically raise difficulties in their site-specific fabrication. Here, we report a method for site-specific fabrication and patterning of melanin-like pigments, using progressive assembly on an initiator-loaded template (PAINT), different from conventional lithographical methods. In this method, the local progressive assembly could be naturally induced on the given surface pretreated with initiators mediating oxidation of the catecholic precursor, as the intermediates generated from the precursors during the progressive assembly possess sufficient intrinsic underwater adhesion for localization without diffusion into solution. The pigment fabricated by PAINT showed efficient NIR-to-heat conversion properties, which can be useful in biomedical applications such as the disinfection of medical devices and cancer therapies.
Quality evaluation of ground improvement by deep cement mixing piles via ground-penetrating radar
Authors: Shen Hongyan , Li Xinsheng , Duan Ruifeng , Zhao Yong , Zhao Jing , Che Han , Liu Guoxin , Xue Zhijia , Yan Changgen , Liu Jiwei , Jiang Chao , Li Boke , Chang Hong , Gao Jianqiang , Yan Yueying
Published: June 2023

Deep cement mixing piles are a key technology for treating settlement distress of soft soil subgrade. However, it is very challenging to accurately evaluate the quality of pile construction due to the limitations of pile material, large number of piles and small pile spacing. Here, we propose the idea of transforming defect detection of piles into quality evaluation of ground improvement. Geological models of pile group reinforced subgrade are constructed and their ground-penetrating radar response characteristics are revealed. We have also developed ground-penetrating radar attribute analysis technology and established ground-penetrating radar technical system for evaluating the quality of ground improvement. We further prove that the ground-penetrating radar results integrating single-channel waveform, multi-channel section and attributes can effectively detect the defects and stratum structure after ground improvement. Our research results provide a rapid, efficient and economic technical solution for the quality evaluation of ground improvement in soft soil subgrade reinforcement engineering.
Rapid and definitive treatment of phenylketonuria in variant-humanized mice with corrective editing
Authors: Brooks Dominique L. , Carrasco Manuel J. , Qu Ping , Peranteau William H. , Ahrens-Nicklas Rebecca C. , Musunuru Kiran , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Wang Xiao
Published: June 2023

Phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, results in the accumulation of blood phenylalanine (Phe) to neurotoxic levels. Current dietary and medical treatments are chronic and reduce, rather than normalize, blood Phe levels. Among the most frequently occurring PAH variants in PKU patients is the P281L (c.842C>T) variant. Using a CRISPR prime-edited hepatocyte cell line and a humanized PKU mouse model, we demonstrate efficient in vitro and in vivo correction of the P281L variant with adenine base editing. With the delivery of ABE8.8 mRNA and either of two guide RNAs in vivo using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in humanized PKU mice, we observe complete and durable normalization of blood Phe levels within 48 h of treatment, resulting from corrective PAH editing in the liver. These studies nominate a drug candidate for further development as a definitive treatment for a subset of PKU patients.
GepLiver: an integrative liver expression atlas spanning developmental stages and liver disease phases
Authors: Li Ziteng , Zhang Hena , Li Qin , Feng Wanjing , Jia Xiya , Zhou Runye , Huang Yi , Li Yan , Hu Zhixiang , Hu Xichun , Zhu Xiaodong , Huang Shenglin
Published: June 2023

Chronic liver diseases usually developed through stepwise pathological transitions under the persistent risk factors. The molecular changes during liver transitions are pivotal to improve liver diagnostics and therapeutics yet still remain elusive. Cumulative large-scale liver transcriptomic studies have been revealing molecular landscape of various liver conditions at bulk and single-cell resolution, however, neither single experiment nor databases enabled thorough investigations of transcriptomic dynamics along the progression of liver diseases. Here we establish GepLiver, a longitudinal and multidimensional liver expression atlas integrating expression profiles of 2469 human bulk tissues, 492 mouse samples, 409,775 single cells from 347 human samples and 27 liver cell lines spanning 16 liver phenotypes with uniformed processing and annotating methods. Using GepLiver, we have demonstrated dynamic changes of gene expression, cell abundance and crosstalk harboring meaningful biological associations. GepLiver can be applied to explore the evolving expression patterns and transcriptomic features for genes and cell types respectively among liver phenotypes, assisting the investigation of liver transcriptomic dynamics and informing biomarkers and targets for liver diseases.
Adaptive EWMA control chart using Bayesian approach under ranked set sampling schemes with application to Hard Bake process
Authors: Khan Imad , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Khan Dost Muhammad , AlQahtani Salman A. , Sumelka Wojciech
Published: June 2023

The memory-type control charts, such as cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average control chart, are more desirable for detecting a small or moderate shift in the production process of a location parameter. In this article, a novel Bayesian adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) control chat utilizing ranked set sampling (RSS) designs is proposed under two different loss functions, i.e., square error loss function (SELF) and linex loss function (LLF), and with informative prior distribution to monitor the mean shift of the normally distributed process. The extensive Monte Carlo simulation method is used to check the performance of the suggested Bayesian-AEWMA control chart using RSS schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed AEWMA control chart is evaluated through the average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL). The results indicate that the proposed Bayesian control chart applying RSS schemes is more sensitive in detecting mean shifts than the existing Bayesian AEWAM control chart based on simple random sampling (SRS). Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian-AEWMA control chart under different RSS schemes, we present a numerical example involving the hard-bake process in semiconductor fabrication. Our results show that the Bayesian-AEWMA control chart using RSS schemes outperforms the EWMA and AEWMA control charts utilizing the Bayesian approach under simple random sampling in detecting out-of-control signals.
Simulation study of cone-in-shell target for indirect-drive ion fast ignition concept under the theory of an effective interaction potential
Authors: Mehrangiz Mahsa , Khoshbinfar Soheil
Published: June 2023

The stopping power of charged particles released by the deuterium–tritium nuclear reactions has been extensively studied in the weakly to moderately coupled plasma regimes. We have modified the conventional effective potential theory (EPT) stopping framework to have a practical connection to investigate the ions energy loss characteristics in fusion plasma. Our modified EPT model differs from the original EPT framework by a coefficient of order $$1 + {2 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {2 {(5}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {(5}}\ln \overline{\Xi }),$$

1
+

2

/

(
5

ln

Ξ
¯

)
,

($$\ln \overline{\Xi }$$

ln

Ξ
¯

is a velocity-dependent generalization of the Coulomb logarithm). Molecular dynamics simulations agree well with our modified stopping framework. To study the role of related stopping formalisms in ion fast ignition, we simulate the cone-in-shell configuration under laser-accelerated aluminum beam incidence. In ignition/burn phase, the performance of our modified model is in agreement with its original form and the conventional Li-Petrasso (LP) and Brown-Preston-Singleton (BPS) theories. The LP theory indicates the fastest rate in providing ignition/burn condition. Our modified EPT model with a discrepancy of $$\sim$$
∼
9%, has the most agreement with LP theory, while that of the original EPT (with a discrepancy of $$\sim$$
∼
47% to LP) and BPS (with a discrepancy of $$\sim$$
∼
48% to LP) methods maintain the third and fourth contributions in accelerating the ignition time, respectively.
Flow investigation of the stagnation point flow of micropolar viscoelastic fluid with modified Fourier and Fick’s law
Authors: Naveed Khan Muhammad , Abbas Khan Aamir , Wang Zhentao , F. Alrihieli Haifaa , M. Eldin Sayed , Aldosari F. M. , E. Elseesy Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Non-Newtonian fluids are extensively employed in many different industries, such as the processing of plastics, the creation of electrical devices, lubricating flows, and the production of medical supplies. A theoretical analysis is conducted to examine the stagnation point flow of a 2nd-grade micropolar fluid into a porous material in the direction of a stretched surface under the magnetic field effect, which is stimulated by these applications. The stratification boundary conditions are imposed on the surface of the sheet. Generalized Fourier and Fick’s laws with activation energy is also considered to discuss the heat and mass transportation. To obtain the dimensionless version of the flow modeled equations, an appropriate similarity variables are used. These transfer version of equations is solved numerically by the implement of the BVP4C technique on MATLAB. The graphical and numerical results are obtained for various emerging dimensionless parameters and discussed. It is noted that by the more accurate predictions of $$\varepsilon$$
ε
and M, the velocity sketch is decreased due to occurrence of resistance effect. Further, it is seen that larger estimation of micropolar parameter improves the angular velocity of the fluid.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of two-phase flow patterns in a serpentine microfluidic device
Authors: Amini Younes , Ghazanfari Valiyollah , Heydari Mehran , Shadman Mohammad Mahdi , Khamseh A. Gh. , Khani Mohammad Hassan , Hassanvand Amin
Published: June 2023

In the current research work, the flow behavior of a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) process in a serpentine microchannel was analyzed. The simulation was performed using a 3D model and the results were found to be consistent with experimental data. The impact of the flow of chloroform and water on the flow model was also examined. The data indicate that once the aqua and organic phases flow rates are low and similar, a slug flow pattern is observed. However, as the overall flow rate raises, the slug flow transforms into parallel plug flow or droplet flow. An increment in the aqua flows while maintaining a constant organic phase flow rate results in a transition from slug flow to either droplet flow or plug flow. Finally, the patterns of flow rate in the serpentine micro-channel were characterized and depicted. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of two-phase flow patterns in serpentine microfluidic devices. This information can be used to optimize the design of microfluidic devices for various applications. Furthermore, the study will demonstrate the applicability of CFD simulation in investigating the behavior of fluids in microfluidic devices, which can be a cost-effective and efficient alternative to experimental studies.
A generative force model for surgical skill quantification using sensorised instruments
Authors: Straižys Artūras , Burke Michael , Brennan Paul M. , Ramamoorthy Subramanian
Published: June 2023

Surgical skill requires the manipulation of soft viscoelastic media. Its measurement through generative models is essential both for accurate quantification of surgical ability and for eventual automation in robotic platforms. Here we describe a sensorised scalpel, along with a generative model to assess surgical skill in elliptical excision, a representative manipulation task. Our approach allows us to capture temporal features via data collection and downstream analysis. We demonstrate that incision forces carry information that is relevant for skill interpretation, but inaccessible via conventional descriptive statistics. We tested our approach on 12 medical students and two practicing surgeons using a tissue phantom mimicking the properties of human skin. We demonstrate that our approach can bring deeper insight into performance analysis than traditional time and motion studies, and help to explain subjective assessor skill ratings. Our technique could be useful in applications spanning forensics, pathology as well as surgical skill quantification.
Effects of food-derived oligopeptide iron chelates on liver injury and gut microbiota homeostasis in iron-deficiency anemia female rats: a pilot study
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Pan Wenfei , Fei Xiaohong , Gao He , Wang Mengying , Lu Wei , Xia Yong , Liu Wenying , Ying Xiaoling , Xu Caiju , Yang Min
Published: June 2023

Food-derived oligopeptide iron chelates may be an effective iron supplement for IDA female rats to improve iron status and liver damage, with WPP-Fe showing a greater potential in improving gut microbiota imbalance.
Phase-change Fano resonator for active modulation of thermal emission
Authors: Khalichi Bahram , Ghobadi Amir , Kalantari Osgouei Ataollah , Rahimian Omam Zahra , Kocer Hasan , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: June 2023

Real-time optical modulation of thermal emission from hot bodies is demonstrated by a hybrid Fano resonator based on the SmNiO3 phase change material that can switch between radiative cooling and thermal camouflage upon the temperature changes.
Design and analysis of concave‐core stator direct‐drive permanent magnet motor
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Zhang Bingyi , Hu Yan , Feng Guihong , Wu Jiacheng
Published: June 2023

To solve the problems mechanically caused by parallel direct‐drive permanent magnet motors (DD‐PMSM). This paper proposes a concave‐core stator direct‐drive permanent magnet motor (CCSDD‐PMSM) structure. In this study, an auxiliary yoke structure is proposed to optimise the magnetic circuit and analyse the cogging torque to achieve the minimum detent force. Based on the unit motor and combined with the magnetomotive force to analyse the symmetry of different winding distributions, the stability characteristics of the motor are studied. The magnetic field distribution of the motor load air gap is calculated using the finite element method. The contribution of different spatial order harmonics to the motor output torque is calculated using the Maxwell tensor method. The torque calculation expression of the CCSDD‐PMSM is given. Finally, an experimental prototype is made to verify the accuracy of the analysis in this paper.
TFODn‐FOPI multi‐stage controller design to maintain an islanded microgrid load‐frequency balance considering responsive loads support
Authors: Shayeghi Hossein , Rahnama Alireza , Bizon Nicu
Published: June 2023

Modern electrical power system design will increase renewable energy sources (RES) dominance. Rotating masses, the main source of inertia in power systems, have been greatly decreased in renewable energy producing systems. Thus, load–frequency equilibrium is an important indicator of these systems' performance and safety. This work introduces a fractional‐order (FO) operator‐based cascade control structure for islanded microgrid (μG) load‐frequency control (LFC). The structure utilizes a tilt–FO derivative with filter (TFODn) in the first level to reduce noise. The second level implements the proportional integral (PI) controller's FO form (FOPI), making it a tilt–FO derivative with a filter cascaded to the FOPI controller (TOFDn‐FOPI). The optimal controller parameters for quick dynamic responses with low frequency fluctuation are determined using a unique cost function and prairie dog optimization (PDO) algorithm. The LFC control loops have frequency deviation‐based responsive loads (RL). Control signal delays, RES output changes, parameter uncertainties, and cyber vandalism are examined. Laboratory‐scale tests also assessed the controller's practicality. The proposed controller outperforms standard and FO type proportional integral derivative (PID) and PD‐PI controllers. The TFODn‐FOPI controller is suitable for complicated closed‐loop systems like islanded μGs due to its faster error clearing, reduced RL capacity, and superior time and frequency domain indicators.