bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant properties of triphenyltin(IV) complexes derived from a novel ibuprofen-5-aminosalicylic acid ligand: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Ali Abed-AL Zahra Mohanned , G. Hadi Angham
Published: July 2024

In this study, new ligand was prepared by condensation reaction between Ibuprofen and 5-amino salicylic acid (IAS), this prepared ligand was used to prepare three complexes of triorgnotin(IV) salts to obtain the corresponding complexes. The ligand (IAS) and complexes were characterized by several techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, (tin, proton and carbon) magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR), elemental analyses. The antioxidant activity of the complexes was also studied. It was produced by two methods: DPPH and CUPRAC. The resulting complexes gave a higher rate of inhibition than the ligand due to the presence of the tin element in the complexes. Complex 1 (tri phenyltin-IAS) also shown greater antioxidant activity than the other compounds.
KEY WORDS: Ligand, Antioxidant activity, Triorganotin(IV), DPPH method, CUPRAC method
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1329-1336.                                                   
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.11
Synthesis, evaluation, and structural characterization of antioxidant diorganotin(IV) Complexes derived from ampicillin: a comprehensive study
Authors: Ryyis Arraq Rafid , Jasem Hadeer , G. Hadi Angham G. Hadi
Published: July 2024

This study offerings the preparation, structural analysis, and estimation of novel diorganotin(IV) complexes derived from an ampicillin as a ligand in terms of their antioxidant activity. The diorganotin complexes were yielded by a direct reaction between ampicillin and a different number of diorganotin(IV) chloride precursors. Various spectroscopic techniques, including CHNS, FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR), were used to explain the molecular structures of the produced complexes. Through in vitro experiments such as the CUPRAC and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging technique, the novel diorganotin complexes' antioxidant activity were assessed. The results were compared to that of ligand antioxidants to evaluate the effectiveness of the complexes that were produced. The structural properties of the complexes were linked to their antioxidant capacity to identify the connection between molecular structure and biological function.
KEY WORDS: Ampicillin, DPPH method, Diorganotin(IV) complexes, Antioxidants
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1291-1300.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.8
Ameliorative effect of green coconut water on dexamethasoneinduced depression-like behaviors in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Elemoso Tunde Temidayo , Bakare Airat Adeola , Salawu Abiola Mukhta
Published: July 2024

Depression is one of the major global neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the fact that a number of drugs andtherapies have been described and used in its treatment, the incidence of prevalence has unexpectedlyincreased with time. There is a current drive to discover new treatment modalities or agents for depression toalleviate the negative effects it has on self and also on the society. Numerous factors, including psychologicalstress, oxidative stress, monoamine deficiency, and neuroinflammation have been linked to depression andconsequently cause hyperactivation of the HPA-axis. Dexamethasone (DEX) is well known to inducedepression-like behaviors in both experimental and human subjects. DEX has been shown to cause a reductionin neurogenesis and an increase in immobility time during forced swimming test (FST) and tail swimming test(TST). Green coconut water (GCW) is a natural product, rich source of antioxidant and has been found toprovide remedy in oxidative stress and/or inflammatory-induced mediated diseases. Therefore, this studyinvestigated the antidepressant potential of GCW in ameliorating depression-like behaviors caused by DEXadministration in female Sprague Dawley rats. GCW exerts a substantial antidepressant effect as it was shownto increase hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissue volume with reduction in neural degeneration whencompared with the induced and recovery groups. GCW also showed complementary increase serum levels ofmonoamine neurotransmitters (Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serotonin). There were evident increase inimmobility time in the post treatment and recovery groups which were in contrast to the reduced immobility timein the induced group during FST and TST behavioral test evaluations. More importantly, GCW was shown toreduce malondialdehyde concentration and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase when compared with the induced group. Therefore, our study confirmed GCW as a potential naturaltherapeutic remedy with the capacity to eliminate the effect of oxidative stress induced by DEX administrationleading to cascade of events underlining depression.
The geology and petrography of Rimin Zayam and environs, Bauchi, North-East Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Hamza Yelwa , Haruna Ahmed Isa , Jibrin Abdulmajid Isa , Kariya Idris Ismail , Kayode Ayeni Johnson
Published: July 2024

The geologic investigation of Rimin Zayam migmatites is aimed at determining the morphology, petrogenesis and geochemical behaviors of the rock outcrops. About sixty-seven samples were obtained from the field, thirty of the samples were selected, the thirty samples were divided into three, the first part was used to prepare thin section, the second part was used for geochemical analysis and the third part was preserved. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic studies of the study area, six distinct litho-petrological units were discovered. These includes; Ryolite Dyke, Biotite Granite, Metatexite (Banded Ortho-Gneiss, Stromatic Migmatite), Diatexite (Leucocratic Diatexite, Mesocratic Diatexite, Melanocratic Diatexite), Nebulite and Schist. They were petrographically studied to contain biotite, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, alkali feldspar, hornblende, pyroxene, etc. The presence of orthopyroxenes indicates an intensed prograde metamorphism (granulite facie). The area is affected by NE/SW trending Pan-African structures being cross-cut by NW/SE trending Cretaceous trends as evident from the Rose plot. The ductile stress that affected the terrain brought about the numerous ptygmatic folds which make the area to be declared a Shear Zone.
Green synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and stabilisation energies of copper and manganese oxide nanoparticles from aqueous Mentha piperita leaf extract
Authors: Karu Elisha , Magaji Buhari , Atiko Rejoice , Bala Fauziyya
Published: July 2024

Manganese and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from the leaf extract of M. piperitha leaf extract were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, and SEM. In the UV- visible spectra strong absorption bands were observed at 600 and 403 nm for the manganese oxide and copper oxide nano particles respectively and these were ascribed to the plasmon resonance phenomenon, Significant but weak peaks observed at 617 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra of CuO NPs and 538 cm-1 in MnO NPs but totally absent from that of the plant extract were assigned to the metal – oxygen (M – O) stretching vibration. The detection of the M – O bond at low frequencies strongly confirms the formation of the NPs. The stabilization energies of the synthesized nano particles were calculated using Planck’s Quantization energy at their wavelengths of maximum excitation were found to be 299.3 and 200 kJ/mol at 400 nm and 600 nm for CuO and MnO NPS respectively
Isolation and identification of yeasts from soil in Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Onoja Oda , Mohammed Aisha
Published: July 2024

Yeast cells are unicellular microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, plants, and animals. They are important in the food and fermentation industry, where they are used for production of various alcoholic beverages, bread, and cheese. Yeast cells have also been used for their role in biotechnology and as model organisms for genetic research. Yeast cells play a critical role in soil ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, plant health, and overall soil ecology. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of yeast cells from soil samples in the study location. Soil samples were collected from five locations in Caleb University, representing diverse habitats and soil types. Yeasts were isolated using selective media that favored yeast growth while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. Isolated yeasts were characterized based on the colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Twenty yeasts isolates were isolated and identified which fell into the genera; Candida species, Geotrichum species and Saccharomyces species. Candida species was most abundant with isolation rate of 45%. This research contributes to our understanding of yeast within soil ecosystems. This study provides insights to soil as a cheap source of yeasts cells. These yeasts could be harnessed due to their potential applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental remediation.
Family size preference and associated factors among women using antenatal care services in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Sani J. , Yusuf R. O. , Arigbede Y. A. , Ahmed A. , Hassan A.W. , Danjuma M. , Bashir A. I. , Salihu S. A.
Published: July 2024

The family size preference of people holds significant implications for population management strategies, informed family planning choices, and focused healthcare interventions aimed at achieving better health outcomes. This study investigates the family size preferences (FSP) of women attending antenatal care (ANC) services in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, while also identifying the factors that contribute to shaping their preferences. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire from 386 married women who were undergoing antenatal care in selected hospitals, chosen through cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-Square test, and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. A substantial proportion of women expressed a preference for having 3 to 4 children. Notably, factors such as age, age at marriage, and religious affiliation emerged as robust predictors of family size preference. The study findings indicate that younger women, those marrying at earlier ages, and adherents of the Islamic faith tend to exhibit a preference for larger family sizes. This study sheds light on the pivotal factors that influence family planning decisions among women, underscoring the significance of demographic considerations in the design of effective programs. The study offers valuable guidance for policymakers and healthcare practitioners, enabling the development of targeted interventions tailored to the specific needs of women in Kaduna thus enhancing family planning practices and more adept population management strategies.
Anomalies and trends assessment for rainfall and temperatures in Zaria and environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu I. B. , Ahmed A. , Hassan A. W. , Balarabe A. , Bashir A. I. , Salihu S. A.
Published: July 2024

The study area is located within the region of a very high climatic variation which may impact negatively to the immediate environment. The study aimed to assess meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperatures to prepare for the occurrence of future climatic extremes. The study used anomaly and linear trends on the variables to determine climate change. The study made use of meteorological variables recorded for the period of 30 years (1991-2020). Anomaly was used in determining the annual amount of rainfall (surplus or deficit/dry); warm, cool or normal temperatures. Linear trend analysis was carried out on meteorological variables to determine an increase or decrease during the three decades under review. The result from the anomaly showed many years of wet/surplus while few years of deficit/dry. Temperatures showed the years with warm or cool temperatures. Rainfall shows 12 years of wet and 18 years of dry. Out of 12 years with wets, 11 years were between 2001-2017. Maximum temperature shows 17 years warmer than normal; 13 years shows cooler than normal. Out of 17 years that showed warmer maximum temperatures, 16 years were between 2001-2020. The minimum temperature shows 13 years with a warmer minimum temperature. Out of 13 years with warm, 12 years were between 2001-2020. Average temperature shows 17 years with warm while 13 years with cool. Out of the 17 years with warm, 12 years were between 2001-2020. Results from the trend analysis revealed that rainfall, average temperature, and maximum and minimum temperatures had positive trends with 8.86mm, 0.992℃, 0.143℃ and 0.0639℃ respectively.
Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals from the stem of Ficus vogelii
Authors: Udechukwu Chidozie Dennis , Adeoye Olatunde Olabode , Nwarie ThankGod Kelechi , Muoka Rufina Ogechukwu
Published: July 2024

The plant Ficus vogelii commonly known as West African rubber tree, belongs to the family of Moraceae; it is a member of the fig genus found mostly in the Guinea savannah vegetation belt of West and Central Africa. The phytochemicals from the stem of Ficus vogelii, a plant species with ethnomedicinal importance in West Africa, were qualitatively analysed in this work. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize the bioactive compounds present in Ficus vogelii, which could potentially contribute to its therapeutic effects. Fresh stems of Ficus vogelii were collected from a natural habitat in Enugu State, Nigeria, and subjected to air drying followed by cold extraction using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. The extracts were then tested for the presence of various phytochemicals using standard qualitative tests. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenols in the stem extracts of Ficus vogelii. Each phytochemical was present in varying quantities across the different solvent extracts, with methanol showing the highest extraction efficiency for most compounds. Nonetheless, the findings of this study underscore the potential of Ficus vogelii as a valuable source of natural products for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasite among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital in Kano state, Nigeria.
Authors: Idris H.Y. , Anas U. , Abdulmalik U. , Jafar S. A. , Kabir A.
Published: July 2024

Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most dangerous and widespread malaria parasite in Nigeria, Annually, malaria contributes to a global estimate of 124 to 283 million cases, leading to 367,000 to 755,000 deaths. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital in Kano State, Nigeria. Three hundred blood samples were collected and examined using both thick and thin Giemsa-stained blood smears. The overall malaria infection prevalence was found to be 34%. A questionnaire was employed to gather demographic information from outpatients attending the hospital. Regarding gender distribution, females 20% patient exhibited a higher malaria infection compared to males 14%, although statistical analysis revealed no significant differences. The prevalence of malaria varied across age groups, with those aged 21-30 experiencing the highest infection rate at 16%, while those above 60 had the lowest 2%. Educational status did not show statistical significance in relation to malaria infection, as patients with non-formal education had a higher prevalence of 13.7% compared to those with tertiary education. Concerning residence, rural areas showed a higher prevalence at 42.2% compared to urban areas at 23.8%, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Occupation status also played a role, with farmers having a higher malaria infection rate of 12.7% compared to civil servants at 5.7%. The use of preventive methods showed a significant impact, where patients employing insect-treated nets recorded a higher prevalence at 14.7% compared to those using bushes and gutters at 6.0%. Malaria remains prevalent among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase teaching in Kano State, Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions, especially in rural areas, to mitigate the impact of Plasmodium falciparum infections.
Ethanolic extract of Luffa cylindrica L. sponge ameliorates 4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Monoepoxide (VCM) – induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Olalekan Ojerinde Stephen , Opeyemi Balogun , Atando Worusen Timothy , Emmanuel Alemika Taiwo
Published: July 2024

Luffa cylindrica (Curcurbitaceae), is a plant whose leaves and fruits (sponge) are employed for the management of pain, inflammation as well as diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Luffa cylindrica sponge on 4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Monoepoxide (VCM)–induced oxidative stress using Drosophila melanogaster model. The Luffa cylindrica sponge was crushed and extracted with 50% ethanol to facilitate ethanolic extract, Luffa cylindrica (LUC). The antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Both genders of Drosophila melanogaster aged between 1 and 3 days old were treated with vehicle (ethanol, negative control), gallic acid (0.1 mM), LUC (5 mg/10 g diet), LUC (10 mg/10 g diet), VCM (1 mM), (1 mM VCM + 0.1 mM gallic acid), (1 mM VCM + 5 mg/10 g diet) and (1 mM VCM + 10 mg/10 g diet) in the diet for 5 days of treatment. Afterwards, the survival and negative geotaxis assays were determined followed by the determination of the activities of total thiol, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase. The results showed that LUC demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with 50 % Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of 155.20 μg/mL compared with gallic acid (IC50 = 23.2 μg/mL). Furthermore, our results suggest that LUC significantly (p<0.05) regenerated VCM–induced depletion of total thiol and inhibition of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Our findings revealed that Luffa cylindrica sponge extract possessed ameliorative effects on VCM–induced Drosophila melanogaster by increasing the activities of in vivo antioxidant enzymes. This study upheld the ethnomedical uses of Luffa cylindrica for the management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Antiproliferative potential of root bark extract of Adenodolichos Paniculatus (Hua & Hutch) against ovarian human cancer cell lines (A2780)
Authors: Ojerinde Olalekan Stephen , Odumosu Patricia O. , Alemika Taiwo Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

Herbal medicines remain a major birthplace of lead compounds for drug discovery and development. Adenodolichos paniculatus Hua & Hutch (Fabaceae) is a plant whose root bark was claimed to be used against diabetes mellitus and cancer in traditional medicine. This study aimed to isolate antiproliferative compounds from root barks of Adenodolichos paniculatus through bioassay-guided fractionation and to investigate the antiproliferative potentials of the isolated compounds against ovarian human cancer cell lines (A2780). The powdered root bark of Adenodolichos paniculatus was extracted with dichloromethane for 72 h to afford dichloromethane extract (DCM). The DCM was solvent-partitioned into hexane and aqueous methanol fractions. Based on the results of preliminary studies against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, the bioactive fraction (Hexane) was subjected to various chromagraphic techniques leading to the isolation of a triterpenoid saponin. The triterpenoid was screened against A2780 and subjected to various spectral analyses such as 1H, 13C NMR and MS to elucidate and characterise its structure. A triterpenoid saponin, 3,22-dihydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucosyloleanane isolated displayed antiproliferative effect against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, with IC50 value of 0.033 μM when compared with the standard Paclitaxel (IC50 = 0.013μM). The results significantly support the traditional use and the study revealed that the isolated compound possesses potential health benefits which might serve as a good molecular template in drug design for the development of new antiproliferative agents.
Determination of physico-chemical parameters, chemical elements and acute toxicity of Eleusine Coracana leaf
Authors: Borodo Safiya Bala , Julde Sa'adatu Muhammad , Wada Abubakar Sadiq , Aliyu Musa , Bichi Lawal Alhassan
Published: July 2024

Medicinal plants are a source of bioactive compounds which are responsible for their therapeutic properties that are utilized in the treatment and management of several diseases. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical, elemental constituents and acute toxicity profile of the powdered leaf of finger millet. The percentage yield and phytochemicals of the extract were determined using standard methods. Elemental analysis was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectophotometre. OECD (425) method was used to estimate the acute toxicity profile of the extract. The percentage yield of the extract was 7.0%. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of: alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, saponins and tannins, while anthraquinones were found absent. Elemental analysis indicated the presence of calcium, cobalt, chromium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Cadmium and lead were below detection level while mercury was found to be below WHO limit. The LD50 was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg (OECD 425) with no signs of toxicity or mortality after 14 days.
Co-infection prevalence of Covid-19 underlying tuberculosis disease using a susceptible infect clustering Bayes Network
Authors: Malasowe Bridget Ogheneovo , Ojie Deborah Voke , Ojugo Arnold Adimabua , Okpor Margaret Dumebi
Published: July 2024

The adoption of data mining processes is urgently needed due to the everyday generation of large amounts of data at an accelerated rate. The current advancement in the area of data analytics and data science has ushered in a new paradigm shift in the use of machine learning and softcomputing approaches to a new paradigm to render a more beneficial approach in constructing algorithms that can effectively and efficiently assist expert systems to yield new insight to practitioners – to ensure comprehensive decisions on the underlying tuberculosis disease to potential problematic cases. This study explored spatial medical data in disease diagnosis to effectivevly and efficiently handle problematic cases of Tuberclulosisin Nigeria. Bayesian Network algorithm was used to predict potential cases in patients with covid-19 (and other underlying health issues) vis-à-vis its co-prevalence rate with Tuberculosis with data retrieved from the epidemiology laboratoryof the Asaba Federal Medical Centre, Delta State. Training and test versions of the data set were separated. Constructed model yields high prediction compared to previous studies in forecast of the prevalence co-infection rate. Results generated show that the confusion matrix model had sensitivity of 0.81, specificity 0.08, and prediction accuracy of 0.937 for data not originally used to train.
Detection of the Third Head of Gastrocnemius
Authors: Bala Garzali Marwana , Abdul-Hameed Aliu
Published: July 2024

During a routine dissection for medical students in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health  Sciences of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, the posterior aspect of the leg region of an adult male cadaver was observed to  have a third head of Gastrocnemius muscle unilaterally on the right leg. The third head of the muscle originated from the distal portion of  the right femur just above the lateral condyle between plantaris and the lateral head of Gastrocnemius, the third head was having a  short slender belly that descends down along the medial aspect of the medial head of the Gastrocnemius before tapering as a long  tendon that blends posteriorly with the calcaneal tendon. Upon tracing the muscle, it was confirmed to be a separate head with a distinct  origin and insertion independent of the usual two heads. This discovery of a third head of Gastrocnemius is certainly unusual and would  no doubt go a long way in drawing the attention of surgeons both in the interpretations of radiological images and the surgery itself.  Additionally, this discovery would add to the existing literature for the teaching of human anatomy generally.
Poor quality alcohol based hand sanitizers: The pitfall in infection control
Authors: Abuga Kennedy O
Published: July 2024

Ever since the serendipitous discovery of alcohol through fermentation c. 10000 BC, the substance has attracted utility and abuse in equal measure. The initial use of alcohol as beverage in social functions, later diversified to medicinal and spiritual applications. Alcohol discovery however, cannot be traced to a single source but diverse geographical sites, although its use for beverage purposes seems universal. Distillation of fermented liquors to produce spirits dates back to c. 2000 BC in China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia for medicinal, cosmetic and spiritual purposes. The invention of the alembic as a distillation apparatus has several claims towards Arabic, Jewish, Egyptian and European origins with accompanying nomenclature
Quality control outcomes of pharmaceuticals and allied products analyzed in the Mission for Essential Drugs and Supplies (MEDS) laboratory: 2018-2020
Authors: Abuga Kennedy O , Kigera Stephen T , Wanyama Mildred , Nandama Wycliffe M. , Kibwage Isaac O
Published: July 2024

Quality control data was compiled for samples analyzed in the Mission for Essential Drugs and Supplies (MEDS) laboratory in the 2018-2020 period. During this interval, the laboratory received and processed 6,059 samples from Kenya and international sources. These samples comprised domestic (31.9%) and internationallymanufactured (67.0%) products while 1.1% were of undeclared origin. Analysis was performed using compendial and/or in-house specifications. The non-compliance rate was 8.0% consisting of 3.2 % local, 4.5% imports and 0.3% for samples of unknown origin. The top 20 drug classes with high failure rates were: environmental monitoring samples (100.0%), joint lubricants (50.0%), dialysis solutions (50.0%), microscopy stains (50.0%), herbal preparations (43.2%), nootropics (33.3%), solvents (33.3%), waters (32.0%), antiseptics/disinfectants (29.8%), medical devices (28.4%), hormones (23.7%), nutrient mixtures (20.9%), disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (20.0%), anti-incontinence drugs (16.7%), uterotonics (13.8%), vitamins (13.0%), anti-ulcer drugs (12.6%), vasopressor agents (12.5%), anthelmintics (12.2%) and hypolipidemics (10.8%). Full compliance was however, recorded with antiflatulants, digestive enzymes, antidiarrheals, prokinetics, anti-arrhythmics, anti-anginals, choleretics, antimycobacterials, anaesthetics, antimigraine drugs, bisphosphonates, antimyaesthenics thyroid/antithyroid drugs, erectile dysfunction drugs, ovulants, uricosurics, osmotic diuretics, vaginal lubricants, tocolytics, histaminics, lozenges, ear drops, detergents, radiopharmaceuticals, proteins, probiotics, acaricides, sterilization validation swabs and excipients. There was a significant increase in the overall non-compliance rate compared to the previous report for 2013-2017. These results add impetus towards the need for regulatory stringency to curb the occurrence of substandard and falsified products in the market.
Geo-Mapping of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in a Southern Community in Nigeria
Authors: Gbonhinbor, J.  , Abah, A.E  , Awi-Waadu, G.D.B
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infection constitutes a global health burden; it has a high prevalence among children in Nigeria. The quest for control is still ongoing. Geographical Information Systems have contributed significantly to solving sundry real-world tasks, from agriculture to emergency planning and control. Therefore, this study was aimed at geo-mapping of intestinal parasites in a Southern community in Nigeria to identify the infection risk areas.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and clustered random sampling method were used. Samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration methods. Geostatistical analyses were done to determine the spatial distribution of these parasites.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite in the community was 23.95%  and parasites identified were: Ascaris lumbricoides 45(7.23%), Entamoeba histolytica 31(4.98%), Strongyloides stercoralis 13(2.09%), Gardia lambla 12(1.93%), Hookworm 11(1.77%), Trichuris trichiura 10(1.61%), Schistosoma mansoni 9(1.45%) and Diphyllobothrium latum 4(0.64%). The distribution and intensity of the parasites showed that Bolu-Orua, Tungbo, and Ogalawa communities had higher intestinal parasitic infection rates and needs urgent interventions. Part of Sagbama, Aguru, Toru-Orua to Toru-Eden had a moderate intestinal parasitic infection.
CONCLUSION: An infection map was produced for each parasite, and visualizing the spatial distribution of intestinal parasites in these communities brings to bare health risk areas. It will help in the proper application of limited resources in the control and prevention of these parasites.
Factors Affecting Voluntary Breath-Holding Duration and Breaking Point in Young Adults
Authors: Rahaf MohammedRashad Marwah  , Norah Asem Alsulami  , Raghad Saleh Alyami  , Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed  , Raju Suresh Kumar
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that breath-holding duration (BHD) in humans varies and can be influenced by several factors. The breaking point is an involuntary respiratory act that overrides the urge to hold one's breath, preventing unconsciousness. This study investigated the effects of the isometric handgrip test, cold pressor test and mental arithmetic task on BHD and its breakpoint in young, healthy Saudi Arabian subjects.
METHODS: This interventional study, with a single-arm design, involved 78 young adults. Before conducting breath-holding duration (BHD) testing, their age, gender, height, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. BHD was assessed under various experimental conditions, such as rest, during an isometric handgrip test, a cold pressor test, and mental arithmetic tasks. Blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were continuously monitored.
RESULTS: The study subjects had a mean age of 21.23 years, with 47 (60.3%) females and 31 (39.7%) males. The mean Body Mass Index was 24.14 kg/m2. During rest, the mean BHD value was 29.67 seconds, while it was 26.21 seconds during isometric handgrip. The cold pressor test recorded a mean value of 32.69 seconds, and the mental arithmetic test recorded a mean value of 33.08 seconds.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a reduction in BHD during isometric handgrip and augmentation during the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tests.
Patterns and Determinants of Family Support among Pregnant Women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Love Bukola Ayamolowo  , Esther Adebola Adekunle  , Sunday Joseph Ayamolowo  , Bukola Abimbola Adesoji  , Phebian Funmilayo Adekunle
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Effective family support is essential for promoting the well-being of pregnant women and reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined family support patterns and influencing factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 pregnant women in a Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Three healthcare facilities with the highest antenatal attendance were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a tested and structured questionnaire, which was developed following a review of similar studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing Pearson Chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: More than half of the respondents reported inadequate family support in various aspects including tangible/instrumental support (52.9%), emotional support (51.4%), and financial support (54.4%). However, the majority reported significant financial supports from their spouses (60.7%). Religion, educational qualification, and partner's occupation  were found to significantly influence the likelihood of women receiving higher levels of social support.
CONCLUSION: Many respondents lacked adequate support from spouses and families. Encouraging family involvement in antenatal care can improve understanding and support, benefiting maternal and child health. Hence, healthcare professionals and policymakers should consider the factors influencing family support options when designing focused interventions to strengthen maternal support systems and address the varied needs of pregnant women.
The effects of owner-managers' behavioural patterns on investment decisions among small-scale recycling firms in Tanzania
Authors: Daniel Nyaulingo Silverio , Daniel Nyamsogoro Ganka
Published: July 2024

Owner-managers make decisions on behalf of their firms. This study used cross-sectional data toinvestigate how owner-manager's behavioural factors influence investment decisions in terms of choice of recycling investments, share of recycling investment in the portfolio, and level of diversification in the waste recycling sector. Three analytical techniques were employed to analyse the data: the multivariate probit model to explore the effects of owner-manager's behavioural factors on the choice of specific waste recycling investments, multiple linear regression analysis to determine their influence on waste recycling investment share, and an ordered logistic regression model to study their effects on levels of diversification within the recycling investment portfolio. The results indicate that investors’ attitudes and subjective norms significantly affect both their choice of specific waste recycling investments and the level of diversification within the recycling investment portfolio, while perceived behavioural control significantly affects the decision on waste recycling investment share. The research did not find evidence that attitude and subjective norms affect investment share nor that perceived behavioural control affects investment choice and the level of diversification. These findings highlight the importance of considering owner-manager's behavioural factors in promoting sustainable and effective investment strategies in the waste recycling sector. Policymakers should develop programs to enhance positive attitudes toward waste recycling investments. Additionally, training programs for owner-managers should focus on increasing perceived behavioural control by improving access to resources and skills. Furthermore, social influence campaigns could be leveraged to strengthen the subjective norms supporting waste recycling investments.
Assessment of watermelon production, marketing and consumption in the Central Rift Valley areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Tegen Habtamu , Alemayehu Melkamu , Alemayehu Getachew , Abate Ermias , Amare Tadele
Published: July 2024

Although the Central Rift Valley areas of Ethiopia are the dominant watermelon production, there is limited information on its production practices, market values and consumption. Hence, documenting the existing watermelon production experience is necessary to adopt watermelon farming in the new potential areas of the country including the Amhara region. Therefore, a survey using semi-structured questionnaires was performed to assess the production practices, market values, and consumption of watermelon in the Bora and Lumme districts of the Awash River basin in 2019. From 133, 47, and 147 questionnaires of producers, wholesalers/retailers, and consumers, 102, 43 and 137, respectively were valid to generate information. According to the responses, most watermelon has been produced under a receding farming system compared to irrigation and rain-fed conditions. Farmers allocate up to 5 ha farm size for watermelon production which implies watermelon farming in the areas is substantial. Farmers have gained a gross benefit of 30,000-400,000 ETB ha-1 with a productivity of 16 to 40 t ha-1. Farmers implemented diverse agronomic practices such as spacing, seed and fertilizer rates, pesticide application, methods and frequency of irrigation. Such diverse agronomic practices in turn results in variations in yield and economic returns among farmers. Shortage of agricultural input, improper agronomic practices, lack of extension services, and market linkage were identified as major constraints of watermelon production in the survey areas. On the other hand, the availability of ample water sources, low capital investment, high demand for watermelon in the market, the proximity of the areas to central and roadside markets and relatively longer shelf-life of the fruit compared to other fresh fruits and vegetables were the major opportunities for the production of watermelon in the area. The return generated from watermelon marketing was considerable for women who were dominantly involving in the marketing segment. There was good experience for watermelon consumption in the survey areas which indicates the due attention of the society to the nutritional and health benefits of the crop. Generally, the high price and bulkiness of the fruit negatively affect the extent of marketing and consumption. The study confirmed that optimization of proper agronomic practices such as planting density, nutrient management, integrated pest management and close involvement of stakeholders throughout the value chain is vital to exploit the potential benefit of watermelon thereby improving the livelihoods of the smallholder farmers in the study area and other areas where watermelon production is emerging.
Comparative assessment of air quality in Epe, and Olusosun dumpsites of Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Chinenye Lilian , Chukwu Felix Sunday , Ahove Michael Adetunji
Published: July 2024

A comparative assessment of air quality in Epe and Olusosun dumpsites was carried out with a view to understanding if the historical background of dumpsites had an influence on their perceived impacts on the environment as well as their emission concentrates. Primary data was collected through questionnaire administration and the use of portable emission monitoring instruments. A total of 120 copies of self-designed interview questions were administered for the study but 116 were retrieved from both dumpsites and considered valid for the analysis. On the other hand, data collection with a portable air quality monitor was carried out during the month of October 2022. Sampling was done between 10 am and 1 pm. A 60-minute exposure time was observed with each of the instruments (AEROQUAL 500 Series) to measure Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) and sizes of suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10.0) were measured using handheld particulate matter monitoring equipment (AEROCET 531S by Met One Instruments). Within this time belt, the readings were taken three (3) times and averaged to get a value for the time belt using descriptive statistics. The result indicated high concentrations of CO2, CH4 and PM during the early hours of the day and gradually decreased as the day went by at both dumpsites. The concentration of SO2 was higher at Olusosun dumpsite on day 5 when temperature and relative humidity were high from 12 noon. NOx was detected at both dumpsites at a minimal concentration. In conclusion, higher concentration levels recorded in all analysed gas samples collected from the Olusosun upland dumpsite suggested that the only historical component that could have influenced the dumpsite was “the age of dumpsite” since it is way older than the Epe wetland dumpsite. The topographical nature of the dumpsites (upland and wetland) appears not to have an impact on the air quality values measured. The perception of residents in both dumpsites showed that they were concerned about living and carrying out daily operations in and around the dumpsites.
Are eye care practitioners equipped to manage people with diabetes?
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
A survey of workers' knowledge of occupational hazards and eye-protective device use in a bottling company
Authors: Atuanya George Nnamdi , Onaghise Presley Oghomwen
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Occupational hazards pose a considerable threat to the health and safety of workers in bottling companies particularly in cases  where adequate protective measures are not in place. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of occupational hazards and the use of  eye protective devices among workers at the Coca-Cola Bottling Company.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Coca-Cola bottling company in Benin City, Edo State using a well-structured  questionnaire administered to the entire 349 workers of the Coca-Cola bottling company. The result was tested using the statistical  package for social science (SPSS statistics for Windows, version 22.0), and the P value was set at (P=0.05). Chi-square test was used to  determine relationships between relevant variables. A p-value of <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Results: Results showed  that majority of the participants (99.4%) had knowledge of the use of eye protective devices while (0.6%) had no knowledge of their uses.  No significant association was found between the different demographics, constant use of eye protective devices during work was not  significantly associated with gender (p=0.376), marital status (p=0.680), level of education (p=0.359), or duration of employment (p=0.695). 
Conclusion: Despite the increased awareness of the use of eye-protective devices among the workers, majority of the  participants do not make use of these eye-protective devices when working. It is recommended that there should be a collective effort to  enhance workplace safety, align knowledge with the use of eye-protective devices, and strive for safety excellence.
Building a complementary approach to HIV service delivery for key populations using health facilities in collaboration with community-based organizations in Liberia
Authors: Kamanga Gift , Clement Nana Fosua , Hallie Thomas , Lyimo Rachel , Mora Danielle de , Kerbay Cytirus , Odo Michael , Harris Lisa , Caldwell Samretta , Garbo Julia T. , Mack Natasha , K. Thakur Pradeep , Koikoi Titus , Wilcher Rose , Sherman Helene , Akolo Christopher
Published: July 2024

Key populations (KPs), including female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender (trans) people, prisoners, and people who use drugs, have specific risk behaviours and other vulnerabilities that place them at increased risk of HIV1. In addition, they play an important role in the dynamics of HIV prevention and transmission both within and outside of KP communities, as KPs and the general population are frequently interconnected through their sexual networks.
Mental health and sleep quality: are intuitive eating, hedonic hunger and diet quality, determinants? a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ateş Kevser Sare , Bakırhan Hande , Kalkan Indrani
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIntuitive eating may predict better psychological and behavioral health. Intuitive eating, hedonic hunger, and diet quality may affect individuals’ mental health and sleep quality. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study developed with an online questionnaire for randomly selected volunteers (n=351) aged 19-64 years. Hedonic hunger status was evaluated by Power of Food Scale (PFS), intuitive eating by Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), mental health status by Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Food consumption records were taken to evaluate individuals’ dietary quality, using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015.Results It was found that 50.7% of the participants exhibited intuitive eating behavior, while 65.0% experienced hedonic hunger. When the diet quality was examined, it was found that 65.2% of the participants had poor diet quality, while 33.6% needed to improve their diet quality. Sleep quality and mental health status of individuals exhibiting intuitive eating behavior were significantly better (p<0.05). Diet quality was not associated with mental health, intuitive eating, hedonic hunger and sleep quality scores (p>0.05). While there was a weak negative correlation between intuitive eating and PSQI score (r=-0.160, p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between hedonic hunger and PSQI score (r=0.286, p<0.05). Intuitive eating was associated with better sleep quality, as lower PSQI scores indicate better sleep quality. Intuitive eating was also associated with better mental health (r=0.339, p<0.05).Conclusion This study reveals that intuitive eating behavior is associated with better sleep quality and mental health, while hedonic hunger behavior is associated with poor sleep quality.
Household adoption of modern waste management technologies in Ilala Municipal Council, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Dimoso Romanus
Published: July 2024

The study explored the factors influencing household adoption of Modern Waste Management Technologies (MWMT) in Ilala Municipal Council. The study aimed at examining the factors influencing household adoption of MWMT, the characteristics of households in Ilala Municipal Council, and the challenges they face in adopting MWMT. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 household heads, selected using simple random sampling with the aid of the Yamane formula, in Kivule ward, which was purposefully selected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of MWMT. The results revealed that age, family size, monthly income, education level (secondary and tertiary), perceived benefits, and economic incentives were statistically significant factors. Challenges to adoption were analyzed descriptively using a five-point Likert scale. The results indicated that informal housing development, irregular waste collection, and lack of education on waste management were the major challenges
Starting Early Palliative Care for Suspected Lung Cancer Patient: a Case Series from Resource-limited Setting in Indonesia
Authors: I. D. Rakasiwi Muhammad , Prasetya W , Riyatno I. , Putri Faisal Hana K.
Published: July 2024

In Indonesia, where lung cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, palliative care (PC) faces challenges like cultural and resource limitations. This study presents three cases of suspected lung cancer at Soehadi General Hospital. Despite the lack of specific lung cancer treatment services, a multidisciplinary approach, in line with the Ministry of Health guidelines, was initiated on the first day of hospitalization. Involving specialists, nurses, and spiritual support, the team addressed patients' physical and emotional needs. The cases highlight the importance of early palliative care, even in resource-limited settings, emphasizing its potential to enhance patient care and family support.