bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of the endophytic bacteria, and their potential as maize diseases control
Authors: Mugiastuti Endang , SUPRAYOGI  , NUR PRIHATININGSIH  , LOEKAS SOESANTO
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Suprayogi, Prihatiningsih N, Soesanto L. 2020. Short Communication: Isolation And Characterization Of The Endophytic Bacteria, And Their Potential As Maize Diseases Control. Biodiversitas 21: 1809-1815. Sheath blight and bacterial wilt are diseases that can reduce maize production. Biological control with the endophytic bacteria offers environmentally friendly control for these pathogens. The study aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic bacteria morphologically and biochemically and to study their potential to control maize diseases, especially sheat blight and bacterial wilt causing pathogens. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2019. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacterial to R solani, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacteria to Pantoea sp., and the mechanical test of the endophytic bacteria as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Based on the research, four endophytic bacteria isolates have been successfully isolated, and characterized successfully and found have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control maize disease, especially R. solani and Pantoea sp. Bacillus sp, endophytic from the root (BK.A1; BK.A3; PP.A5) and Bacillus sp. endophytic from the stem (PPD.B2) can suppress the growth of R.solani by more than 50%, have a strong antagonistic index against Pantoea sp (> 4), and can produce protease and lipase enzyme, and phosphate solubilization.
Nesting behavior of reintroduced Bornean Orangutan in Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA  , SRI SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO  , AHMAT SUYOKO  , SUWARNO HADISUSANTO
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Nayasilana IN, Atmoko SS, Suyoko A, Hadisusanto S. 2020. Nesting behavior of reintroduced Bornean Orangutan in Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2088-2096. Great apes such as orangutans build a nest to rest in every night. Orangutan’s nest making skills correlate with their adaptability in a new habitat. Here we analyzed the nest skill on the reintroduced orangutan. Skills process and thought training there is a back to remembers in forest school and pre-release islands in the rehabilitation center. The study aimed to observe the skill adaptation of reintroduced orangutans (semi-wild and ex-rehabilitate) for nest building and the characteristic of the tree chosen for their nests in a new habitat. The study was 16 individuals (8 semi-wild and 8 ex-rehabilitate) from February 2012 to November 2014 at the release site of Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan. The method used in the study was instantaneous focal animal sampling, which follows the behavior of each orangutan from the morning nest to the night nest. Non-parametric statistics test (Kruskal-Wallis) was used to nesting behavior, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) is used to determine the relationship between nesting behavior and nesting tree species, and ArcMap GIS 10.3 to find out the distribution of nest trees in the research location. The result of the study revealed that reintroduced orangutan prefers to build a nest to rest at night rather than day nest. Semi-wild orangutans prefer tree species with dense canopy and branching, while ex-rehabilitation orangutans pay less attention to this. Mostly, reintroduced Bornean orangutan created new nests rather than reusing and/or repairing old nests. Species of Syzygium sp. Lithocarpus sp. and Xanthophyllum sp. are a preferred species of the nest tree, the nest position of 2 (nests are constructed on the main side-branch) and 3 (the crown of the tree) is dominance. Orangutan prefer height tree species between 26-30m for day nests, are selectively determined as part of the adaptation process. However, each individual will choose the nest type species of tree, positions, and height according to their characteristics of the nest tree.
Genetic diversity of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linn 1758) from Indonesian waters (Sunda and Sahul Shelf, Wallacea region): Phylogenetic approach
Authors: Hidayani Andi Aliah , Fujaya Yushinta , Trijuno Dody Dharmawan , Rukminasari Nita , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hidayani AA, Fujaya Y, Trijuno DD, Rukminasari N, Alimuddin A. 2020. Genetic diversity of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus 1758) from Indonesian waters (Sunda and Sahul Shelf, Wallacea region): Phylogenetic approach. Biodiversitas 21: 2097-2102. Blue swimming crab is one of the exploited fisheries commodities in Indonesia. This condition has contributed to the decline of their genetic diversity. The information on genetic diversity assumes importance for the conservation and the cultural purposes of species. The study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of blue swimming crabs from Indonesian waters using phylogenetic analysis. We conducted sampling of crab from several Indonesian waters, such the Aceh and Semarang (representing Sunda Shelf), Barru, South Sulawesi, and Maumere, Flores (representing Wallacea region) and Sorong, Raja Ampat and Kaimana (representing Sahul Shelf). Genetic diversity in this study using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by implementing the method of Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (COI). According to the findings, the blue swimming crabs from our study sites had a high genetic diversity variation. Three groups of crabs were determined using phylogenetic tree which formed three different unique clades. There was the same haplotype of crab observed from different locations, barring a sample from the Sahul Shelf which has a unique haplotype. There was no genetic speciation of crab samples from the Sunda Shelf and the Wallacea region were observed, except samples from the Sahul Shelf. Hybridization might occur between species of the crabs due to the finding of a cryptic species.
The Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria at fibric, hemic and sapric peat in Teluk Bakung Peatland, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia
Authors: Khotimah Siti , Suharjono Suharjono , Ardyati Tri , Nuraini Yulia
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Khotimah S, Suharjono, Ardyati T, Nurani Y. 2020. Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria at fibric, hemic, and sapric peat in Teluk Bakung Peatland, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2103-2112. Cellulose degrading bacteria was one of the microbial removers of organic matter contained in the soil into simpler monomers so that it can be utilized by other organisms. The objective of the research was to obtain cellulose-degrading bacteria found on fibric, hemic, and sapric peat in forest and shrubs (oil palm). The bacteria were isolated by pour plate method on 1% CMC media. Selected isolates were assayed quantitatively based on the activity of cellulase enzyme, identified with 16S rDNA. The density of cellulolytic bacteria in the secondary forest peat of fibric, hemic, sapric were 2.1x103 cfu/g, 5.9x104 cfu/g, and 4.9x104 cfu/g whereas, in the area of shrubs/oil palm peat fibric, hemic and sapric 6.9x104 cfu/g, 8.4x104 cfu/g and 3.4x105 cfu/g respectively. There were 19 bacterial isolates that have clear zones around the colony as degradation of cellulose had highest ability to degrade cellulose with clear zones of 5-7 mm. The strain of SB1.1.1 showed highest activity of cellulase enzyme 11.17 U/mL, followed by HH3.1.1 strain and SB2.3 7.83 U/mL. Based on the phylogeny tree, strain SB1.1.1 and HH3.1.1 have the closest kinship relationship with Bacillus cereus with a kinship relationship of 100%, while SB2.3 has the closest kinship relationship with Bacillus stratosphericus with a relationship of 99.85 %.
Autecology of Drosera burmanni in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, Ngada District, Flores Island, Indonesia
Authors: Witono Joko Ridho , DIDI USMADI  , WIHERMANTO  , DANANG WAHYU PURNOMO  , DINA SAFARINANUGRAHA  , YANUAR PAKIDING  , YANUAR PAKIDING  , NELWAN NETOSESO
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Witono JR, Usmadi D, Wihermanto, Purnomo DW, Safarinanugraha D, Pakiding Y, Netoseso N. 2020. Autecology of Drosera burmanni in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, Ngada District, Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2137-2145. Drosera burmanni Vahl is a native carnivorous plant from tropical and subtropical Asia to the West Pacific, including Flores Island. During the botanical survey, a small population of the species was found in a limited area in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, Flores Island. Conservation of the species is necessary, since the habitat might be developed for the botanic gardens infrastructure. This research aims to study the autecology of D. burmanni, including environmental preferences and its associated species. Thirty plots with 2 x 2 m each were made to recognize its associated species and the pattern of its population distribution and its soil requirements. In the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, D. burmanni flourishes with an average annual rainfall of 1835 mm; a temperature of 12.50-26.2° C; 48-99% humidity; at an altitude of 1489-1491 m asl.; a soil pH of 6.66, which contains very high C-organic, a high C/N ratio, moderate N total, K2O, P2O5, low CEC, and very low K, Na, Ca, Mg, and BS. Drosera burmanni displays a density of 8.5 individuals per m2 and is associated with 20 species, which belong to 19 genera and 9 families. The species has a clustering pattern and a positive association with Erigeron sumatrensis, Spinifex littoreus, and Imperata cylindrica. To conserve D. burmanni in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, it is necessary to designate its natural habitat as an in situ conservation area.
Short Communication: Application of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 1 004 34 strain isolated from okara as a natural preservative in beef sausage
Authors: ARITONANG SALAM , ELLY ROZA  , AFRIANI SANDRA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Aritonang SN, Roza E, Sandra A. 2020. Short Communication: Application of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 1 004 34 strain isolated from okara as a natural preservative in beef sausage. Biodiversitas 21: 2240-2243. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can be found in food and most of the LAB have beneficial effects for humans as potential probiotics. LAB isolated from okara (soy milk pulp) produces antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocins which can be used as natural preservatives in sausages. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of this bacteriocin from LAB as a natural preservative in sausages. The bacteriocin was isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 1 004 34 strain isolated from Okara. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in 4 X 4 factorial pattern by three replicates The first factor was the percentage addition of bacteriocin (B): 0% (B0), 0.3% (B1), 0.6% (B2) and 0.9% v/b (B3). The second factor was the length of sausage storage time at 4°C (L): 0 days (L0), 4 days (L1), 8 days (L2) and 12 days (L3). The observed variables were moisture content, protein, fat, pH, total aerobic bacteria, and sausage fatty acid profile. The results showed that the content of protein, fat, and the bacterial count was significantly influenced by the interaction of the percentage addition of bacteriocin and storage time. pH was significantly affected by bacteriocin dose and storage time but was not affected by the interaction of other factors. The moisture content of the sausage was significantly affected by storage time. The results of this study showed that sausages treated with 0.9% bacteriocin (B3) with a maximum storage time of 12 in the refrigerator was still safe to be consumed.
Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia
Authors: SRI HARTINI  , POPI APRILIANTI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hartini S, Aprilianti P. 2020. Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2244-2250. Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve (Tanjung Peropa WR) is one of the conservation area in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The inventory of orchid in this area is still limited and Kendari Botanic Garden (Kendari BG) need to collect the orchids from this location. Orchid diversity inventory and exploration had been carried out on March 26- April 12, 2019, in Tanjung Peropa WR and collecting them as an ex-situ conservation effort in order to enrich Kendari BG plant collection. The specimen was collected by using explorative method at 5 locations in Tanjung Peropa WR. The result showed that there were 10 epiphytic orchids found of Aerides, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Grammatophyllum, Liparis, Pomatocalpa, and Thrixspermum. Also, there were 5 terrestrial orchids of Corymborkis, Eulophia, Nervilia, Phaius, and Tropidia. The orchid species were found in the area between 25-110 m above sea level (asl), with temperature 27-31°C, humidity 75-80%, soil acidity 5.0-6.0, soil humidity 80-90%, and canopy dense between 60-80%. Kendari BG has collected 34 species of orchid from Southeast Sulawesi, with 25 species of epiphytic and 9 species of terrestrial orchids.
Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Preliminary hydrolysis and fermentation studies
Authors: WHINY HARDIYATI ERLIANA  , Widjaja Tri , ALI ALTWAY  , LILY PUDJIASTUTI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Erliana WH, Widjaja T, Altway A, Pudjiastuti L. 2020. Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Hydrolysis and fermentation studies. Biodiversitas 21: 2281-2288. The increasing problems of global energy and the environment are the main reasons for developing products with new techniques through green methods. Sugar palm trunk waste (SPTW) has potential as agricultural waste because of its abundant availability, but it is not used optimally. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various microorganisms on increasing lactic acid production by controlling pH and temperature conditions in the fermentation process. SPTW contains 43.88% cellulose, 7.24% hemicellulose, and 33.24% lignin. The lignin content in SPTW can inhibit reducing sugar formation; the pretreatment process should remove this content. In the study, the pretreatment process was conducted using acid-organosolv. In the acid pretreatment, 0.2 M H2SO4 was added at 120oC for 40 minutes; organosolv pretreatment using 30% ethanol (v/v) at 107oC for 33 minutes was able to increase cellulose content by 56.33% and decrease lignin content by 27.09%. The pretreatment was followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis process with a combination of commercial cellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger (AN) and Trichoderma reesei (TR), with variations of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The best reducing sugar concentration was obtained with an AN: TR ratio of 1:2 to form reducing sugar from cellulose. Subsequently, lactic acid fermentation was carried out using lactic acid bacteria at 37oC and pH 6 incubated for 48 hours. The highest lactic acid concentration (33.292 g/L) was obtained using a mixed culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis to convert reducing sugar become lactic acid.
Biodecolorization of methyl orange by mixed cultures of brown-rot fungus Daedalea dickinsii and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Purnomo Adi Setyo , Mitha Ocdyani Mawaddah
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Purnomo AS, Mawaddah MO. 2020. Biodecolorization of methyl orange by mixed cultures of brown-rot fungus Daedalea dickinsii and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiversitas 21: 2297-2302. This study investigated on the decolorization of methyl orange (MO) by mixed cultures of brown-rot fungus (BRF) Daedalea dickinsii and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was added into D. dickinsii culture at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mL (1 mL = 5.05 × 1012 CFU). All of mixed cultures had ability to decolorize MO (final concentration 100 mg/L) in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium for 7 days incubation. The addition of 4 mL of P. aeruginosa showed the highest MO biodecolorization approximately 97,99%, while by D. dickinsii only was 67,54%. C15H19N3O5S; C16H21N3O5S; C17H23N3O6S; and C15H19N3O6S were identified as MO metabolites. This study indicated that mixed cultures of D. dickinsii and P. aeruginosa have great potential for high efficiency, fast and cheap dye wastewater treatment.
Autecology of Melastoma malabathricum, an invasive species in the Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia
Authors: MASTER JANI , IBNUL QAYIM  , DEDE SETIADI  , NYOTO SANTOSO
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Master J, Qayim I, Setiadi D, Santoso N. 2020. Autecology of Melastoma malabathricum, an invasive species in the Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2303-2310. Melastoma malabathricum has become one of the invasive plants in the Way Kambas National Park (WKNP), Lampung, Indonesia. This plant is feared to be a problem in efforts to conserve biodiversity in the WKNP area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors causing the invasion of these plants. The vegetation analysis plot was placed on three types of habitats in the study location, namely, forests, swamps, and invaded swamps, then measurements and records of vegetation data and abiotic factors were recorded in each plot. The results reveal that M. malabathricum dominates swamp habitat and negatively associated with trees, which can provide canopy. Abiotic factors, such as canopy cover, water level, and soil fertility, become supporting factors for the invasion. In addition, climate change, which is causing drought also contributes to the invasion of M. malabathricum at the WKNP.
Variable precision depth encoding for 3D range geometry compression
Authors: Finley Matthew G. , Nishimura Jacob Y. , Bell Tyler
Published: May 2020

State-of-the-art 3D range geometry compression algorithms that utilize principles of phase shifting perform encoding with a fixed frequency; therefore, it is not possible to encode individual points within a scene at various degrees of precision. This paper presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for accurately encoding 3D range geometry within the color channels of a 2D RGB image that allows the encoding frequency—and therefore the encoding precision—to be uniquely determined for each coordinate. The proposed method can thus be used to balance between encoding precision and file size by encoding geometry along a statistical distribution. For example, a normal distribution allows for more precise encoding where the density of data is high and less precise encoding where the density of data is low. Alternative distributions may be followed to produce encodings optimized for specific applications. In general, the nature of the proposed encoding method enables the precision to be freely controlled at each point or centered around identified features of interest, ideally enabling this method to be used within a wide range of applications.
Contrast analysis in two-beam laser interference lithography
Authors: Miller David B. , Jones Adam , McLeod Robert R.
Published: May 2020

Interference lithography enables large area, sub-µm, periodic patterning without photomasks or projection lithography tools. We show that optical contrast, which is the fundamental design variable of interference lithography, enforces coupled constraints on source coherence, beam pointing stability, field size, polarization state, and the intensity balance between beams. The analysis enables selection and alignment tolerance of components to meet a specific design requirement. In particular, the analysis reveals that grating beam splitters are significantly less sensitive to beam pointing and polarization misalignment than plate beam splitters.
Polarization ray tracing in thermally loaded solid-state laser crystals
Authors: Rall Phillip Lino , Pflaum Christoph
Published: May 2020

A new ray tracing method for the propagation of electrical fields in inhomogeneous and weakly anisotropic media is presented. With this method, we can efficiently simulate the propagation of laser beams in solid-state laser amplifiers, which suffer from high thermal loads. As a result of this method, we can find optical compensation setups that significantly reduce the depolarization losses in high-power solid-state amplifiers. To the best of our knowledge, we theoretically demonstrate for the first time that [100]-cut YAG crystals reduce the depolarization by more than a magnitude in comparison to [111]-cut crystals while achieving an overall better beam quality at the same time.
Design and application of terahertz metamaterial sensor based on DSRRs in clinical quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Cui Ning , Guan Min , Xu Mengke , Fang Weihao , Zhang Yang , Zhao Chenfeng , Zeng Yiping
Published: May 2020

The terahertz (THz) metamaterial biosensor has great potential for label-free and rapid specificity testing. Here, we designed two highly sensitive structures to detect the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of the cancer biomarker in early stages. There was about 29 GHz (500 ng/ml) resonance shift for CEA with an insert grate metamaterial, which was consistent with simulation results. Moreover, the concentration of CEA was gained through the relationship between the cancer marker concentration and frequency shift (Δƒ). Our design and detection methods may provide a potential route for the early warning stages of cancer.
Multiphoton synthetic lattices in multiport waveguide arrays: synthetic atoms and Fock graphs
Authors: Tschernig Konrad , de J. León-Montiel Roberto , Pérez-Leija Armando , Busch Kurt
Published: May 2020

Activating transitions between internal states of physical systems has emerged as an appealing approach to create lattices and complex networks. In such a scheme, the internal states or modes of a physical system are regarded as lattice sites or network nodes in an abstract space whose dimensionality may exceed the systems’ apparent (geometric) dimensionality. This introduces the notion of synthetic dimensions, thus providing entirely novel pathways for fundamental research and applications. Here, we analytically show that the propagation of multiphoton states through multiport waveguide arrays gives rise to synthetic dimensions where a single waveguide system generates a multitude of synthetic lattices. Since these synthetic lattices exist in photon-number space, we introduce the concept of pseudo-energy and demonstrate its utility for studying multiphoton interference processes. Specifically, the spectrum of the associated pseudo-energy operator generates a unique ordering of the relevant states. Together with generalized pseudo-energy ladder operators, this allows for representing the dynamics of multiphoton states by way of pseudo-energy term diagrams that are associated with a synthetic atom. As a result, the pseudo-energy representation leads to concise analytical expressions for the eigensystem of

N

photons propagating through

M

nearest-neighbor coupled waveguides. In the regime where

N
≥
2

and

M
≥
3

, nonlocal coupling in Fock space gives rise to hitherto unknown all-optical dark states that display intriguing nontrivial dynamics.
Uma tradição inventada: a história da escola particular no Brasil, sob a interpretação do intelectual católico Kuno Paulo Rhoden em 1985
Authors: Scarfoni Eduardo Norcia , Gonçalves Mauro Castilho
Published: May 2020

Este artigo pretende debater a partir da análise histórica dos Congressos Nacionais de Estabelecimentos Particulares de Ensino (CONEPEs) a concepção de sociedade dos sujeitos presentes nesses eventos dando destaque para a questão da liberdade de ensino no Brasil. Os CONEPEs se iniciam no ano de 1944 sendo organizados incialmente por associações de estabelecimentos de ensino e, posteriormente, pela Federação dos Estabelecimentos de Ensino (FENEN). Focalizaremos especificamente a conferência Retrospectiva histórica da escola particular, proferida pelo padre jesuíta Kuno Paulo Rhoden no XX CONEPE, realizado na cidade de Florianópolis, no estado de Santa Catarina, entre os dias 14 e 18 de julho de 1985 tendo como temática central “Democracia e Liberdade de Ensino”. Os dirigentes de estabelecimentos particulares de ensino, considerados aqui como intelectuais, se organizavam e buscavam atuar de maneira conjunta, a fim de se fazerem hegemônicos na educação nacional.
Approximation from the Humanist Administration in a Case Study of Hotels in Villa De Leyva, Boyacá
Authors: TÉLLEZ-BEDOYA Carlos Arturo , GÓMEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Dustin Tahisin , RAMOS-PINEDA Camilo Andres , BERNAL-RODRÍGUEZ Edgar Andrés
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To learn about the interpretations that the internal actors of the hotels in Villa de Leyva have about business management, in the context of the humanist administration. Design: Based on qualitative research, a descriptive study was addressed. Methodology: The method used was the case study applied to a non-probabilistic sample of three organizations in order to get an approximation of the social reality and in this way, identify the management styles that are developed in the hotels of the municipality of  Villa de Leyva, Boyacá . In this context, the information was collected through in-depth interview technique. Findings: It was evidenced that, most of Villa de Leyva hotels develop practices that are far from the humanist administration, this is why, it would have greater relevance to apply this type of postulates to improve the competitiveness and projection of this type of organizations, as well as, the stability and happiness of employees. Originality of the research: This research is a pioneer in the Boyacá region. The results show perceptions in the context of these hotels about the humanist administration, which, unfortunately, is not always taken into account.
Online Travel Agent for Tourism System Using Big Data and Cloud
Authors: FAJAR Ahmad Nurul , NURCAHYO Aldian , QOMARIYAH Nunung Nurul
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, more and more people can enjoy fast internet access that can be used for various activities such as browsing, shopping online, video calls, playing games and so on. Businesses are also utilizing this very rapid increase in internet technology. They sell products and services through the internet with various attractive offers and competing with each other to increase their sales. One strategy that can be done to get more sales is through the method of personalizing services for customers. The personalization aspect in e-tourism has been predicted to increase. Customers who are making valuable data at every stage of their journey are making a challenge for travel companies to collect and link these data points to improve their customer experience. Learning the customer behaviour can be very significant for Online Travel Agent. Because collecting millions of search results through their services and provide a smart travel experience, Online Travel Agent in Indonesia must use Big Data and Cloud technology alignment to win the competition in the market. The entire data lifecycle must be simple because of the needs of users to keep batch ingesting a lot of data likes once in an hour. Streaming analytics has grown over the past few years, it has become one of the most critical components of most of the businesses. We proposed Online Travel Agent (OTA) for Tourism System Using Big Data and Cloud.
Analysis on Willingness to Pay at the Ecotourism Destination, Cigamea Waterfall, Halimun-Salak National Reserve
Authors: MUNANDAR Aris , GUNAWAN Andi , NURAZIZAH Ghoitsa Rohmah , KUSUMOARTO Andrianto
Published: May 2020

Cigamea Waterfall is one of the ecotourism destinations situated in area of Salak Resort II of Halimun-Salak National Reserve (HSNR) Indonesia that can be partialy developed. The area consists of sub montanes forest and montane forest categorized as humid tropical forest. The uniqueness and the beauty of the flora, fauna, natural phenomena, and the natural condition become attraction for people to visit the area and willingness to pay for contribution fee. This fee is used as management funding to preserve the area. A demand for a commodity is trigered by willingness affordibility in buying that commodity (willingness to pay). The research analyzed willingness to pay by visitors to enjoy the beauty of Cigamea Waterfall. Logit method with descriptive quantitative approach was used in this study. Several stages in this study included: (1) analysing visitors’ trend; (2) analysing respondents’logit regression towards willingness to pay (WTP); (3) analysing willingness to pay. During this research, this ecosystem may be the last home for Leopard which stated vulnerable (VU) by REDLIST of IUCN and may be the last home for other endangered (EN) species. Based on the analysis on the responses of 342 respondents concerning their willingness to pay for contribution, 202 of the (59,1%) were willing to pay while the rest 140 respondents (48,9%) refused to pay. The average value of willingness to pay obtained was 15.000 IDR (1 USD = 14.000 IDR per year 2016) paid to enjoy the beauty of Salak Resort II, HSNR. This value was higher than that of the ticket per ecotourism object charged by the management of the resort averaging 7.500 IDR. Based on respondents’ willingness to pay, the average of the willingness to pay to enjoy the Cigamea waterfall ecotourism object was 14.000 IDR. The Willingness to pay to get into Cigamea Waterfall was lower than that for entering Salak Resort II, HSNR. Visitors willingness to visit Cigamea Waterfall ecoturism object due to the existence of forest and some natural phenomena, river as ecological corridors of the area, easy access through trekking path corridors in the forest margin (edges) as well as the potential of the flora and the fauna. The potential value of Cigamea Waterfall was 3,66 (out of 1 to 7 scale of Guideline of Ministry of Forestry), that of the flora was 2,48, while value of the fauna was 3,29.  This also support claims toward a new paradigm of value that ecosystem is not only treated as supply depot of resources but also treated as oikos (home for us and other living organism).
Perfection of Quality Management of Hotel Services
Authors: NIKOLSKAYA Elena Yurievna , LEPESHKIN Vyacheslav Anatolievich , KULGACHEV Ivan Petrovich , MATVEEV Anton Alexandrovich , LEBEDEVA Olga Yevgenievna
Published: May 2020

The article is concerned with the development of approaches aimed at enhancing the quality management of hotel services. It has been proved that quality management implies the availability of relevant management sub-systems in the general management system of a hotel, with a primary purpose of controlling the organization and the provision of services. It has been established that hotel businesses cannot operate efficiently without standardizing customer service. The peculiarity of this process is an individual approach and standard structuring. It has been determined that the attainment of high quality will contribute to making a hotel business competitive and profitable by creating a quality management system that suggests marketing-based efficient business management, the establishment of the relevant corporate culture, the introduction of technical quality of services, the application of standards for functional quality of services, the incoming inspection of product quality.
Community Participation and Sustainable Tourism Development Model in Komodo National Park
Authors: BENU Fred , MUSKANAN Moni W. , KING Paul G. , ASA Halena M. , WULAKADA Hamza H.
Published: May 2020

Komodo Island is a small island in the Flores archipelago, in the East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia, which comes under the authority of the District Government of West Manggarai centred in the capital city of Labuan Bajo. The increasing number of tourist visits to the Komodo National Park (KNP) has had various impacts on the local communities. This report concerns findings of research conducted regarding community perspectives on tourism development in the KNP and its environs. A quantitative analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed to analyse the responses of the local community regarding sustainable, community-based tourism development including social equity, cultural vitality, environmental sustainability and economic prosperity. The As of tourism (Attraction, Access and Amenities) concept form the basis of analysis of the data collected. The results from the SEM analysis of responses of the community show that sustainable, community-based tourism development in KNP may, in the long term, be improved by more than two percent, if all stakeholders have the commitment to improve the conditions of rural tourism employment, the tourism activities of local businesses, the number of livelihood alternatives and economic growth, and also per capita income by at least one percent. At the same time, conservation awareness programs, community involvement in the planning process, training courses about local cultural heritage for tourism employees, information about the village’s social protocols; and cultural art exhibitions, could greatly enhance sustainable, community-based tourism development. These activities should improve attraction rating, tourism facilities rating, protection of historical & cultural sites, and increase the number of tourism operators with an environmental policy.
Development of Ethnographic Tourism in the Republic of Tuva
Authors: SAMBUU Anna
Published: May 2020

Tuva has a huge tourist potential, combining a unique variety of natural conditions with picturesque landscapes, richness of fauna and flora, preserved national traditions, unique monuments of nature and culture. Pristine nature, a large number of natural and archaeological sites, extensive hunting grounds – all this creates the basis for the development of domestic and international tourism in the region. The ancient history and diversity of natural conditions of the mountain area determined the traditional way of life of the Tuvinians, the life of Russian old believers, Buddhism and shamanism, which are of great interest to tourists. However, in the sphere of tourism of the Republic there are problems and limitations associated with the current state of the tourist infrastructure, etc.

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the development of ethnographic tourism in the Republic of Tuva, taking into account national and spiritual and moral aspects for the revival and preservation of ethnic and cultural heritage.
Communal Awareness of Diversity to Enforce Tolerance Tourism in Singkawang City
Authors: SETYOWATI Dewi Liesnoor , ASTUTI Tri Marhaeni Puji , KURNIAWAN Edi
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is a large country that consists of various ethnicities, races, religions, social classes, and cultures, vulnerable to conflicts. It's necessary to maintaining the unity amid the diversity or ‘Kebhinekaan’. The objectives of the research to: 1) explore the characteristics of diversity; 2) analyze communal awareness through the activities of tolerance tourism; and 3) analyze the values of diversity in supporting the concept of tolerance tourism. Qualitative methods are used in this study. Researchers used participatory observation and document study technique to collect the data from relevant archives and documents, to interviews with relevant parties to explore the characteristics of ethnicities, cultures, and tolerance tourism. The study revealed a number of facts, including: a) the characteristics of diversity among the people in Singkawang City that have a distinctive paradigm in assessing diversity that actually originates from the wisdom of Malay, Chinese, Dayak culture, and other nations that have lived in the city; b) a high communal awareness in the activities of tolerance tourism to promote the sense of caring among ethnicities; and c) the diversity of multiethnic communities in supporting tolerance tourism by promoting the values of tolerance, mutual respect, and solidarity.
Contemporary means of communication in educational institutions
Authors: Żebrok Przemysław
Published: May 2020

The subject of the paper deals with the issues of communication in educational institutions. Effective exchange of information plays a key role in achieving the desired results in every organization. This depends largely on the tools, language and the way the content is delivered. In the modern world communication is increasingly carried out by means of digital communication. Examples include e-registers, organizational sheets, electronic mail and websites, which have become the main tools for communicating information in educational institutions.
On education in the perspective of tragedy
Authors: Futyma Sławomir , Rudnicki Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

Man experiences their existence constantly experiencing tension that emerges between that which is and that which could be, between the actual, known, and the unknown that barely shines in the horizon. In this uncomfortable experience, one can find potential for development, hidden behind a facade of pretence and camouflage, which, when disclosed and uncovered can be the “fuel” of satisfactory change. As a result, education can be in service of man once again. This process, as a fundamental experience, will assume the acceptance of truth about the human condition and the circumstances of its emergence in the course of life. Education not abandoning man must rediscover and re-evaluate such categories as fate, uncertainty, fragility, unforeseeability.
Learning and Teaching Opportunities of Ethnic Minorities in Multicultural China. Unity, Diversity or Critical Pluralism?
Authors: Mańkowska Anna
Published: May 2020

This article explores current issues of minority education in China, especially in the context of religion and language education. In the first part of the article, the author describes (1) cultural and political framework of Chinese education in general and (2) current educational conditions, also discussing differences in educational attainment for minority groups in China. The second part of the article presents the situation of minority religions, which is not really recognised in state schooling in China. The author shows educational examples from the Tibet region and from Muslim education. The third part of the article explores another major challenge related to ethnic minority schooling, which is language diversity. In the final part of the paper, the author tries to comment on Chinese minority education dilemmas and concludes with some social recommendations.
Educational potential of critical life events from the point of view of biographical learning
Authors: Skowrońska-Pućka Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

The article contains deliberations on the subject of adult learning as a result of breaking points in people’s lives. It is based on Fritz Schütze and Gerhard Riemann’s concept of the trajectory, trying to show the educational potential of critical life events. The paper constitutes an illustration about learning and biography. The analysis concerns an individual who experienced domestic violence, was separated from her family of origin by being placed in a care and educational institution, whose life was additionally complicated by teenage pregnancy and motherhood. The analysis of the narrative makes it possible to see two dimensions of the relationship between learning and biography – learning from the experiences we face during life and biographical learning (or learning from a biography).
A new methodology for simultaneous comparison and optimization between nanoparticles and their drug conjugates against various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains
Authors: Shaikh Ahson Jabbar , Aman Nargis , Yameen Muhammad Arfat
Published: May 2020

Background

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming more hazardous day by day for human health all over the world, and the scientific community is trying hard to resolve this issue by various approaches. One of the very common approaches is to bind drugs to nanoparticles and study enhanced antibacterial properties.

Objective

To compare simultaneously different types of nanoparticles, their concentration, bacterial strains and their incubation time intervals for each of the selected drug combination.

Methods

We have selected the most commonly used gold and silver nanoparticles and few examples from fluoroquinolone antibiotics to make their conjugates and study their efficacy against multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains simultaneously, at different incubation time intervals and different concentration of nanoparticles.

Results

Gold nanoparticle hybrids do not show any significant effect. Silver nanoparticle hybrids show far better results, even at extremely low concentrations.

Conclusions

This unique and simple approach allows us to know the exact time intervals and concentration required for each nanoparticle combination to control the growth for any specific strain. This approach can be extended to any set of nanoparticles, drugs and bacterial strains for comparative purposes.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Isoxazole Tagged Indole Hybrid Compounds
Authors: Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. , Al-Nazer Louy A. , Dawlat-Kari Sarah A. , Abu-Qatouseh Luay , Sabri Salim S. , AlDamen Murad A. , Sinnokrot Mutasem
Published: May 2020

Sixteen new isoxazole tagged indole compounds have been synthesizedviacopper (I) catalyzed click chemistry of the aryl hydroxamoyl chloride and an indole containing alkyne moiety. The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds has been established using various physicochemical techniques. X-ray single crystal analysis of Ethyl 1-((3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl) methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate(8a)has been analyzed. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial and anticancer activities. The activities for the new compounds were weak against both bacterial strains and the cancer cell lines.
Influence of Chemical Osmosis on Solute Transport and Fluid Velocity in Clay Soils
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Tian Gailei , Han Lin
Published: May 2020

Solute transport through the clay liner is a significant process in many waste landfills or unmanaged landfills. At present, researchers mainly focus on the test study about semi-membrane property of clay material, however, the influence of chemical osmosis caused by membrane effect on solute transport and fluid velocity is insufficient. In this investigation, based on the classical advection-diffusion equation, a one-dimensional solute transport model for low-permeable clay material has been proposed, in which the coupled fluid velocity related with hydraulic gradient and concentration gradient is introduced, and the semi-membrane effect is embodied in the diffusion mechanism. The influence of chemical osmosis on fluid velocity and solute transport has been analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulated results show that chemical osmosis has a significant retarded action on fluid velocity and pollutant transport. The proposed model can effectively reveal the change in process of coupled fluid velocity under dual gradient and solute transport, which can provide a theoretical guidance for similar fluid movement in engineering.
Disintegration, In vitro Dissolution, and Drug Release Kinetics Profiles of k-Carrageenan-based Nutraceutical Hard-shell Capsules Containing Salicylamide
Authors: Pudjiastuti Pratiwi , Wafiroh Siti , Hendradi Esti , Darmokoesoemo Handoko , Harsini Muji , Fauzi M. Al Rizqi Dharma , Nahar Lutfun , Sarker Satyajit D.
Published: May 2020

The release of drugs from solid drug delivery materials has been studied intently in recent years. Quantitative analyses achieved from in vitro dissolution becomes easier if a zero-order mathematical model is used. Non-gelatin nutraceutical hard-shell capsules of zero size (approximately 0.7-0.8 cm) were produced from carrageenan-based natural polymers, namely carrageenan-alginate (CA) and carrageenan-starch (CS). Disintegration, dissolution and zero-order drug release kinetics of hard-shell capsules containing 100 mg of salicylamide were studied. The disintegration time of CA and CS were observed to be less than 30 min for both CA and CS. In vitro dissolution profile showed that the percentage dissolution of CA capsules was better at pH 4.5, while that of CS was poor at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8. Determination of drug release kinetics profiles of carrageenan-based hardshell capsules utilized the Noyes-Whitney and Peppas-Sahlin modification rules for zero-order. The drug release from carrageenan-based capsules followed zero-order kinetics, especially at pH 6.8, and was compared to the Higuchi model. Salicylamide in CA hard-shell capsules at a pH 6.8 had a release rate constant (kH) of 2.91 %(ppm/ ppm) min-1/2, while the release rate constant of CS was 0.36 %(ppm/ppm) min-1.
Assessment of methyl 2-({[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl] sulfamoyl}methyl)benzoate through biotic and abiotic degradation modes
Authors: Gul Mahwash Mahar , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad
Published: May 2020

Detoxification and management of environmental contaminants is an exigent issue of current times. Sulfonylurea herbicide, Bensulfuron-methyl was investigated for its degradation demeanour in soils, through biotic and abiotic modes (biodegradation and hydrolysis). Solid-liquid extraction of the herbicide was followed by GC-MS and UV-visible spectrophotometry analysis. The main metabolites observed were pyrimidinamine [149 m/z] and benzylsulfonamide [182 m/z]. The rate of biodegradation achieved by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum was 95% and 71%, respectively. The maximal decline in Bensulfuron-methyl concentration through hydrolysis was 48%. Furthermore, hydrolytic elimination was also evaluated based on time and pH. Both these parameters had a strong influence on the rate of transformation. Soils with lower pH exhibited an increased rate of degradation while a temperature of 27±2°C gave ideal conditions for herbicide decomposition. Percentage degradation and rate constant (k) followed first order reaction kinetics. Non-inoculated soils displayed less amounts of degradation. Furthermore, relative standard deviations were calculated for the residuals extracted in all soils. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) provided a p value < 0.05 for both strains with R2 closer to 1 signifying the significance of the results. Both fungal strains proved their potential for Bensulfuron-methyl remediation in soils.
Rapid identification of direct-acting pancreatic protectants from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves tea by the method of serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction
Authors: Chen Wei-hong , Luo Zhen , Ning Zi-Wan , Peng Jiao , Hu Xiao-peng , Zhai Li-xiang , Wen Bo , Xiao Hai-tao , Bian Zhao-xiang
Published: May 2020

Extracts of Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) leaves, a popular sweet tea, inhibit pancreatic β cell apoptosis and have potent hypoglycemic effects, but the identities of the anti-apoptotic bioactive components are still unknown. In the present study, a method using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction was established to rapidly identify direct-acting pancreatic protectants from CP. After orally administering a set amount of CP extract to rats, blood samples were collected to characterize the components that can be absorbed into the blood using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Also, target cells (pancreatic β NIT-1 cells) were incubated with CP extract for 24 hours, and cells were collected to identify the components that can bind to the cells using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Finally, to evaluate the protective effect of the bioactive components of CP, MTT and TUNEL assays were performed on treated NIT-1 cell induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Three potential direct-acting pancreatic protectants -- kaempferol, quercetin, quadranoside IV -- were identified, and anti-apoptotic effects of kaempferol and quercetin were confirmed in STZ-induced NIT-1 cells. The findings indicate that this combined approach is a feasible, rapid, and expedient tool for capturing potential direct-acting components from natural products such as those from CP leaves.