bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Rectal Fistula
Authors: Frolov Sergey A. , Kuzminov Alexandr M. , Vyshegorodtsev Dmitry V. , Korolik Vyacheslav Yu. , Minbaev Sharof T. , Bogormistrov Ilya S. , Kim Evgeny V.
Published: April 2019

Aim:to summarize the literature data on the treatment of rectal fistula using fibrin glue.

Key findings:The prevalence of rectal fistula is about 9 cases per 100,000 population. Patients with rectal fistulas are frequently represented by the able-bodied middle-aged population group. The disease is extremely rarely observed in children and elderly people. Thus, this problem has a socially significant character. Fistula elimination is possible only by surgery, which is accompanied by the risk of fistula recurrence and the development of postoperative incontinence. In this regard, low-invasive techniques for the treatment of rectal fistulas, such as the use of fibrin glue, are being actively investigated.

Conclusion:The use of fibrin glue as a sphincter-preserving technique eliminates the development of postoperative anal failure, while new technologies and materials aim to reduce the risk of the disease recurrence.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Lunkov Valeriy D. , Maevskaya Marina V. , Tsvetaeva Ekaterina K. , Mendez Ana G. , Zharkova Maria S. , Tkachenko Petr E. , Ivashkin Vladimir T.
Published: April 2019

The natural history of liver cirrhosis (LC) is characterized by two stages: compensated and decompensated. Current clinical and laboratory prognostic models, such as Child-Pugh and MELD scales, do not take into account immune dysregulation, as well as it potential impact on the LC decompensation and the survival. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple and affordable parameter, representing the imbalance of two distinct immune pathways.

Aim:to evaluate relationship between NLR level, mortality and SIRS development in patients with DC.

Materials and methods.In this retrospective study 36 patients with DC which were hospitalized in Hepatology Department of V.H. Vasilenko clinic of propaedeutics and internal diseases, gastroenterology and hepatology, Sechenov University from January 2009 to December 2017 were enrolled. Correlation analysis, univariate and multivariable analysis were provided to find factors statistically significantly associated with lethal outcome and SIRS. The optimal cut-off levels for the NLR associated with adverse outcome were determined.

Results.AIn multivariable analysis, NLR > 4 (p < 0,001) was statistically significantly associated with lethal outcome in patients with DC during hospitalization (OR: 1.57, [95 % CI 1.125–2.209], p = 0.008). Sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off is 100 % and 79.17 %, respectively. NLR > 4.8 was associated with SIRS development during hospitalization (OR: 1.484, [95 % CI 1.103–1.997], p = 0.009) with 100 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity.

Conclusions.NLR is an independent risk factor of lethal outcome and SIRS development in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Determinants of the adoption of biological control of the Diaphorina citri by citrus growers in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Adami Andreia C.O. , Miranda Silvia H.G. , Delalibera Ìtalo
Published: April 2019

This study evaluates the adoption of biological control of the Diaphorina citri and the citrus growers’ willingness to pay for biopesticides. The citrus greening continues to spread over Brazilian orchards, reaching 17.89% of all citrus trees in 2015. Utilizing data from a survey with decision-making agents from the sector, this paper used a logit model to obtain the determinants and a contingent valuation method to elicit growers’ willingness to pay for a biopesticide. Results showed high acceptability of growers to the biocontrol. Important factors regarding its adoption included experience in growing citrus, a high level of education and dependence on citrus production. Producers from São Paulo’s southern region paid the highest value for the biopesticide. We observed that worsening of the disease has led players from citrus chain to search for new forms of insect control.
Association Between Topical Corticosteroid Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Two European Population-Based Adult Cohorts
Authors: Andersen Yuki M.F. , Egeberg Alexander , Ban Lu , Gran Sonia , Williams Hywel C. , Francis Nick A. , Knop Filip K. , Gislason Gunnar H. , Skov Lone , Thyssen Jacob P.
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE

Topical corticosteroids (CSs) are commonly used to treat inflammatory skin conditions including eczema and psoriasis. Although topical CS package inserts describe hyperglycemia and glycosuria as adverse drug reactions, it is unclear whether topical CS use in real life is also associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Two matched case-control studies and one cohort study were conducted using routinely collected health care data from Denmark and the U.K. A total of 115,218 and 54,944 adults were identified as case subjects with new-onset T2D in the Danish and U.K. case-control study, respectively. For the Danish cohort study, 2,689,473 adults were included. The main exposure was topical CSs, and the outcome was incident T2D.

RESULTS

Topical CS was significantly associated with T2D in the Danish (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.25 [95% CI 1.23–1.28]) and U.K. (adjusted OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.23–1.31]) case-control studies. Individuals who were exposed to topical CSs had significantly increased risk of incident T2D (adjusted hazard ratio 1.27 [95% CI 1.26–1.29]). We observed significant dose-response relationships between T2D and increasing potency of topical CSs in the two Danish studies. The results were consistent across all sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a positive association between topical CS prescribing and incident T2D in Danish and U.K. adult populations. Clinicians should be cognizant of possible diabetogenic effects of potent topical CSs.
Pro-atlantisk påvirkningspolitikk i Norge i årene rundt 1949
Authors: Danielsen Helge
Published: April 2019

Befolkningens oppslutning om norsk NATO-medlemskap har vært høy siden slutten av 1960-årene. I tiden rundt NATOs opprettelse, og de første ti-tolv årene deretter, viste imidlertid flere opinionsundersøkelser at rundt halvparten av de spurte tenderte i retning av et ønske om norsk alliansefrihet – i alle fall ideelt sett. Denne artikkelen viser hvordan representanter for allierte land og for NATOs egen informasjonstjeneste, i nært samarbeid med ulike norske aktører, arbeidet for å påvirke norske holdninger i årene rundt 1949. Målet for dette påvirkningsarbeidet var dels å øke oppmerksomheten og kunnskapen om alliansesamarbeidet, men også å sikre oppslutning om norsk vestorientering.
NATOs byrdefordelingsdebatt og norske alliansebidrag
Authors: Maria Oma Ida
Published: April 2019

Denne artikkelen redegjør for hva som har drevet og preget NATOs byrdefordelingsdebatt siden alliansen ble opprettet, og drøfter hvordan Norge har bidratt til byrdedelingen og hva det har hatt å si for norsk anseelse som alliert. Det argumenteres for at Norge i perioder har sakket akterut som relevant bidragsyter i NATO. Hovedinntrykket er likevel at norske myndigheter gjennomgående har anstrengt seg for å ta en rimelig del av alliansens byrder og at dette har bidratt til å bygge og bevare god anseelse som alliert. Dagens byrdefordelingsdebatt har klare likhetstrekk med debatten under den kalde krigen gjennom fokus på det kollektive forsvar i Europa og økte forsvarsbevilgninger, men situasjonen er en ganske annen. Norge kan gjøre klokt i å finne tilbake til tidligere tiders innsats og dugnadsånd i å styrke forsvarsbudsjetter og egenevnen.
Tratamiento laparoscópico en Hidatidosis hepática: reporte de caso en el Hospital de Clínicas Nicolás Avellaneda.
Authors: Garnica Lilia Rosana
Published: April 2019

Resumen: La  hidatidosis  es una zoonosis, que afecta con mayor frecuencia al hígado y pulmón en el hombre, siendo el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional el más usado actualmente. El objetivo del caso clínico es describir la técnica y ventajas del tratamiento laparoscópico en hidatidosis hepática. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 34 años. Recurre por presentar dispepsia y dolor abdominal de 7 meses de evolución, de intensidad creciente, pospandrial. Al examen físico abdominal presento dolor en hipocondrio derecho. Se solicitó ecografía y TAC reveló imagen quística, de bordes netos, en lóbulo hepático derecho, segmento VII. Seguido de inmunomarcación. Luego del diagnóstico, se indicó tratamiento de albendazol 45 días previos y posteriores a la cirugía de destechamiento y marzupializacion con previo tratamiento intraquistico. Se indicó el  alta a las 24 Hs, con posterior control por consultorio externo. Se concluye que el tratamiento laparoscópico es seguro y factible para casos seleccionados.
Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria
Authors: Obriki Mudiaga , Anthony Kpegele Le-ol , Barinyima Nkoi
Published: April 2019

This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.
Source Area Weathering, Paleo-Environment and Paleo-Climatic Conditions of Soils from Bitumen Rich Ode Irele Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obasi Romanus Ayoola , Madukwe Henry Y. , Olaosun Temitope
Published: April 2019

The study is aimed at determining the source-weathering, paleo-redox and paleoclimatic conditions of soil from Ode Irele area of Ondo State, Nigeria. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS) analyses wereusd to determine the major, trace and rare earth element compositios used for the study. The Chemical index of alteration (CIA), Chemical index of weathering (CIW), Plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), Mineralogical index of alteration (MIA), Th/U nd a plot of CIA against Al2O3 as well as the A-CN-K Ternary diagram suggest a high degree of weathering of the source rocks. The positive correlation between Al2O3 with TiO2, K2O, Fe2O3 and MgO implies that they occur in clay minerals formed from weathering. The average K2O/Al2O3 ratios of the investigated samples is ≈0.006, which suggests prevalence of clay minerals relative to other minerals. Low U/Th ratio ranging between 0.14 and 0.50 (average 0.18) relative to PAAS (0.21) and UCC (0.26) suggests deposition under oxic conditions. V/Vi + Ni ratios indicate suboxic to anoxic environment of deposition. However, plots of V/V+ Ni vs Ni/Co and V/Cr vs Ni/Co indicate oxic, dysoxic and suboxic to anoxic environments all suggesting deposition under oxic and suboxic conditions. The Ode Irele sediments was deposited in low saline water with a strong continental rather than marine influence in an arid and semi-arid climatic condition; the low average ratio of P2O5/Al2O3 (0.014) is in unison with freshwater environments.
A M-theta Method on Mode I and II Failure of Two Cameroonian Hardwoods in Bending
Authors: Kouefouet Hervice , Mabekou Jeanne Sandrine Takam , Mukam Joseph Albert Fosting , Talla Pierre Kisito , Moutou Rostand Pitti
Published: April 2019

This work deals with the numerical simulation on bending test to characterize two Cameroonian hardwoods under mode I and II loading for different crack lengths. The finite element analysis for fracture in orthotropic medium is developed. The algorithm of fracture is introduced in a finite element software Cast3M. According to the Mtheta method, the calculation of the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate for pure mode I and II fracture are deduced using a SENB (Single Edge Notch Bending) specimen. The path independence of Mθ-method on the specimen is confirmed.
Design of Blood Supply Chain and Application to Marmara Region in Turkey
Authors: Mohamed Liban Ali , Yazicioglu Osman , Borat Oguz
Published: April 2019

Blood transfusion is needed due to operations, diseases or accidents. Millions of people's health depends on the success of their blood transfusion. Planning and management is required to supply blood, test against diseases, produce blood products, store t hem and transport them to hospitals. A blood supply chain network design such as Blood Donation Centers (CBM), Regional Blood Centers (RBC), Destruction Centers (DM), and hospitals are addressed. To formulate the problem, the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software was applied to the Mixed Integer Model. When the number of RBC in Marmara region decreased from 3 to 2, opening and transportation costs increased to $5.37 million. When the number of RBCs increased from 3 to 4, opening and transportation costs decreased to $3.94 million.
Hexagonal Nanocrystals into AlGaN Powders Obtained via Pyrolysis from an Organometallic Compound
Authors: Herrera Ana Maria , García Godofredo , Gastellóu Erick , Nieto Fabiola , García Rafael , Hirata Gustavo Alonso , Contreras Oscar Edel , Morales Crisoforo , Rosendo Enrique , Díaz Tomas
Published: April 2019

Hexagonal nanocrystals into Al0.2Ga0.8N and Al0.6Ga0.4N powders via pyrolysis from an organometallic compound, followed by a nitridation process in ammonia flow at 1000 °C for two hours were obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated a shift towards greater angles to the right for the AlGaN powders with respect to GaN powders, this shift could indicate the formation of the AlGaN powders. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the obtaining from semi-plates of porous appearance for the Al0.2Ga0.8N powders until well-defined plates for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders. High resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated the presence of hexagonal nanocrystals into Al0.2Ga0.8N powders with an average crystal size of 10.3 nm, while that for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders an average crystal size of 9.7 nm was observed. UV-visible spectra showed a transmittance cut-off for the Al0.2Ga0.8N powders of 3.71 eV (334.2 nm) and a transmittance cut-off of 4.53 eV (273.7 nm) for the Al0.6Ga0.4N powders.
Development of Biofuels for a Green Future
Authors: Dong Van Huong , Nguyen Danh Chan
Published: April 2019

In the context of fossil fuel sources are gradually depleted, production and use of biofuels has become a popular trend in the world. In Vietnam, the development of biofuel production and use has been implemented since 2018. However, in order for this fuel to be widely used to contribute to environmental protection, there are still many obstacles.Among the alternative energy sources currently in use (wind, solar and nuclear energy), bioenergy is an inevitable development trend, especially in agricultural countries and imported. fuel, due to its benefits: production technology is not too complicated, utilizing local raw materials, increasing agricultural economic efficiency, without changing engine structure as well as lower facilities Existing floors and competitive prices compared to gasoline.Increasing the use of biofuels is not only about protecting the environment but also contributing to the positive transformation of the lives of people in remote areas of the country.
Heart injuries: main clinical symptoms
Authors: Maslyakov VV , Krjukov EV , Barsukov VG , Kurkin KG , Dorzhiev PA , Gorbelik VR
Published: April 2019

Injuries to the heart are uncommon in peacetime, yet they result in life-threatening conditions, which makes timely diagnostics a crucial factor in saving patients' lives. In this connection, it is important to define the main signs of heart injuries. This study aimed to analyze the basic clinical symptoms associated with various wounds to the heart. We have retrospectively analyzed such symptoms registered in 86 patients with varying chest injuries that affect the heart. All patients were treated in the emergency surgery unit of the Engels Town Hospital from 1991 to 2017. 41 (47.6%) patient had stab wounds, and there were 45 (52.3%) cases of gunshot wounds. 23 (26.7%) patients had chest injuries affecting heart exclusively, while for 63 (73.2%) the consequences were wounds to other organs. We found that the clinical picture depends on the kind of injury to the heart: stab and slash wounds translate into more pronounced symptoms, while gunshot wounds do not produce such an effect. Accepting patients, practitioners should take this fact into account. The misdiagnosis rate for stab and slash heart wounds is 9.7%, that for gunshot wounds — 17.7%, the latter being the result of vagueness of the clinical picture. The clinical signs are most pronounced in the cases of stab and slash wounds to the heart.
Injectable collagen in correction of age-related skin changes: experimental and clinical parallels
Authors: Manturova NE , Stenko AG , Petinati YaA , Chaikovskaya EA , Bolgarina AA
Published: April 2019

To a large extent, age-related facial skin changes, wrinkles and flabbiness, are attributed to the structural alterations in dermis, including of collagen fibers fragmentation and disorganization. There are various cosmetological correction methods that aim to activate neocollagenesis and dermal remodeling. From this perspective, intradermal injections of exogenous collagen preparations seem logical. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Collost 7% collagen complex applied to correct the age-related facial skin changes, as well as clarify the possible mechanisms of skin rejuvenation resulting from a course of intradermal injections. 35 participants entered the study, 30 of them finished it. A set of indicators describing age-related skin changes was assessed with the help of clinical scales; the assessment revealed a pronounced improvement in the quality of the patients' skin, including smoothed relief in the area of localization of fine wrinkles. The therapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement of the skin's elasticity, which, combined with the changes discovered through US scanning (greater dermis thickness and echodensity), is an indirect indication of skin restructuring associated with accumulation of fibrous protein structures. These results allow parallels with the experimental data that shows activation of neocollagenesis in the skin of laboratory animals after a course of Collost 7% gel. The research revealed no serious adverse events. A course of collagen administered intradermally can be recommended as an aesthetic correction procedure, as well as means of prevention of atrophy that has a significant effect on skin's appearance and health status.
Notas sobre el concepto de Estado terrorista
Authors: Garano Santiago
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo me interesa plantear un debate sobre el concepto de Estado terrorista, que considero particularmente relevante para el campo de estudios sobre formas de represión y violencia política en el pasado reciente argentino. Argumentaré que en este campo adolecemos de una reflexión sobre el concepto de Estado, es decir, de un armazón conceptual que nos permita abordarlos modos en que esas formas de violencia estatal se engarzaron en distintas burocracias e instituciones, legales y clandestinas, en tiempos de la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983). Para ello, voy a retomar un trabajo del cientista social Philip Abrams en el que propone abordar este problema desde dos conceptos interrelacionados: la idea-de-Estado y el sistema-de-Estado. En función del planteo del autor, analizaremos las fertilidades y límites del término “terrorismo de Estado”, así como daremos cuenta del proceso histórico mediante el cual fue creado por el activismo de derechos para impugnar la represión dictatorial.
¿Vecinos y ciudadanos?: la teoría de los sectores populares desde una “cartografía industrial” de la Buenos Aires de entreguerras
Authors: Greco Mauro Ignacio
Published: April 2019

La “teoría de los sectores populares” postula, hacia la Buenos Aires de comienzos de siglo pasado, el desdibujamiento del sujeto clase obrera y la conformación de un mosaico urbano híbrido, sin clivajes de clase claros, con su correlato en la escenografía urbana: barrios habitados por “sectores populares” más que por clase obrera o patrones oligarcas. La Ley Saenz Peña, el ascenso del yrigoyenismo, la expansión del Estado benefactor-clientelar y la posibilidad de ascenso social, se encontrarían entre los determinantes. La idea de ciudadanos y vecinos sería una materialización de esta modificación. En este trabajo volveremos sobre una serie de hechos históricos que permiten, al menos, poner en tela de preguntas aquella “imagen de ciudad”: la Buenos Aires del último cuarto del siglo XIX a la primera quincena del siglo XX; las semanas “roja” y “trágica”; y la huelga de la construcción de enero de 1936. Estos trabajos, sumado a una “cartografía industrial” de la Buenos Aires de entreguerras, nos permitirán volver sobre la categoría de vecino, una noción que nos acompaña desde tiempos coloniales.
El multimedia como semiótica, como medio y como imaginario
Authors: Moreira Alonso Joaquín
Published: April 2019

Actualmente, “multimedia” parece ser un término ordinario con un sentido claro. Aparece en los medios especializados y en los medios principales, en documentos de gobierno y corporativos, en la publicidad y en conversaciones coloquiales. Sin embargo, un sentido apropiado y específico para ser usado en los estudios de comunicación está lejos de ser claro. En este artículo critico algunas de las definiciones canónicas e intento establecer algunos puntos útiles para comenzar una discusión acerca del tema.En primer lugar discuto la definición según la cual el multimedia es solo la co-ocurrencia de diferentes soportes de mensaje en una sola plataforma porque reduce el multimedia a una simple consecuencia del aparato, sin ningún aspecto comunicacional. Luego discuto la confusión entre características técnicas de los medios digitales y el multimedia en sí.Como todo medio, el multimedia es mucho más que tan solo los dispositivos y características técnicas que lo hacen posible. Por lo tanto, necesitamos un abordaje más comprensivo del multimedia  para los estudios de comunicación que incluya un análisis medial, semiótico y fenomenológico.
La interrelación de las agendas mediática y pública en función del desarrollo social. Un estudio transformativo
Authors: Castillo Salina Yánder
Published: April 2019

Desde 2010 el estudio de las agendas sociales en Cuba -y específicamente de las relaciones entre las agendas de los medios y los temas de interés ciudadano-ha develado profundas divergencias respecto a cómo se involucran estos actores para definir la realidad temática. La emisora Radio Titán, del municipio Mella, en la provincia Santiago de Cuba, es pionera en proponerse transformar la situación descrita a partir dela revisión y renovación de su modelo comunicacional y el modelo comunicacional comunitario. Se persigue lograr mecanismos de interrelación dialógica entre su agenda y la de los habitantes de la comunidad, que permita la acción social y el desarrollo participativo a través de la visibilización y diálogo colectivo sobre los problemas comunitarios. El estudio se desarrolla desde 2015 y contó con una etapa diagnóstica previa. Esta disertación presenta reflexiones teóricas, metodológicas y un sistema de acciones culturales para lograr la interrelación dialógica de las agendas. El método utilizado fue la Investigación Acción Participación y lastécnicas de Matriz DAFO y Taller Participativo. Asimismo, se aplicaron los principios del Desarrollo Organizacional y la Planificación Estratégica.
Familia y jóvenes en la ecología mediática. Alfabetización digital y el desarrollo de cibercultura en Tijuana
Authors: León Barrios Gerardo Guillermo
Published: April 2019

Considerando que la nueva Ecología Mediática ha reconfigurado el ambiente sociocultural de las interacciones en donde niños, niñas y jóvenes se desenvolvían tradicionalmente en sus entornos familiares, estos nuevos ecosistemas demandan un acercamiento y propuestas de acción desde la comunicación a través de la alfabetización digital para el desarrollo de cibercultura en sus formas de relación familiar; en este caso presentamos un estudio realizado en la ciudad de Tijuana, el cual ha permitido ver posibilidades de este modelo de intervención en este grupo etario y sus formas de socialización.
Políticas públicas, medioambiente y comunicación gubernamental
Authors: Quiroga Sergio Ricardo
Published: April 2019

Este informe pretende examinar las políticas de comunicación y la legislación medioambiental de la provincia de San Luis, Argentina en el período 2008-2018. Buscamos reconocer las políticas de comunicación de la legislación medioambiental de la provincia de San Luis, Argentina. La Ley de Libertad de Expresión del Pensamiento y de Información (Ley Nro. I-0735-2010), que destaca en su artículo 1 y 3 la libertad del ciudadano para pensar, expresarse, conocer, informarse y crear.
Algunos trabajos precedentes han buscado examinar las políticas públicas de comunicación ejercidas desde los principales medios de la provincia de San Luis, sin analizar las acciones del estado, actor singular, en el establecimiento y desarrollo de políticas públicas de comunicación buscando el mayor conocimiento ciudadano de los asuntos públicos.
El acceso a la información pública de la provincia de San Luis se encuentra legislado por la Ley Nro. V-0924-2015 que garantiza a cada persona el derecho a solicitar y recibir información de cualquier organismo, en el soporte que corresponda, bajo normas y tiempos establecidos.
La información ambiental es un requisito imprescindible para el ejercicio ciudadano del derecho humano a un medio ambiente sano y los gobiernos deben ofrecer por múltiples acciones y alternativas la información sobre estas cuestiones.
Hacia una mirada dialéctica del Patrimonio
Authors: Cantar Nahir Meline
Published: April 2019

El patrimonio cultural es una construcción social compleja en la cual los procesos de patrimonialización exponen a los bienes culturales a lo público. A partir de esta concepción, en este trabajo se presentan una serie de reflexiones sobre lo público del patrimonio cultural y los procesos de patrimonialización desde una perspectiva histórico-dialéctica. En este sentido, este artículo indaga sobre las negatividades que generan los diferentes actores involucrados en los procesos de apropiación del patrimonio, para luego explorar sobre la territorialización del patrimonio en el espacio público y su importancia en el derecho a la ciudad. A través de este recorrido se intentará entender los conflictos en términos de poder, legitimidad e intereses que recaen sobre el patrimonio y la importancia que este tiene en los procesos de apropiación del espacio urbano.
¿La escuela ha quedado obsoleta? Experiencias juveniles en el contexto escolar
Authors: Neme Mariel Ayelen
Published: April 2019

Mientras transitamos el siglo XXI ostentando grandes avances tecnológicos y un estilo de vida caracterizado por la globalización y el consumo, la escuela ¿se ha vuelto obsoleta? El presente texto, forma parte de mi investigación de tesis de maestría que aborda a partir del análisis de las experiencias escolares de las y los jóvenes, los sentidos que se (re)construyen sobre estudio y trabajo. En este marco, este artículo propone acercar la mirada a las experiencias educativas en el nivel medio a fin de comprender los sentidos que los jóvenes (re)construyen sobre la escuela en tiempos en los que se discute ampliamente la razón de ser de esta institución educativa. Para lograr el objetivo se realizó desde la perspectiva cualitativa un estudio de caso que consistió en entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a diez jóvenes que transitan sexto año de una escuela pública autogestionada en la ciudad de Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina. Se buscó en este escrito describir algunos aspectos de las experiencias juveniles sin pretender imponer verdades ni hacer generalizaciones sino con el fin de aportar al debate y así comprender las particularidades de la relación que los jóvenes establecen con la escuela.
La configuración del espacio público en el primer peronismo
Authors: Truccone Marilina Del Valle
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo visibilizar las tensiones que atraviesa a lo público como un espacio intermedio, entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, desde una mirada discursiva de lo social. La constitución del espacio público implica la condición de posibilidad de nuevas inscripciones subjetivas, por lo que es considerado como un escenario de significación social. En este sentido, se realiza un análisis sobre la escritura de cartas a figuras estatales como Juan y Eva Perón, en relación a la emergencia de nuevas subjetividades en el marco de una reconfiguración de lo público. Por lo tanto, las identificaciones suscitadas entre diferentes sectores ciudadanos y el discurso político peronista se establecen en un espacio donde se define lo que significa una comunidad y los límites que estructuran su interior y su exterior.
Alexandra Kennedy: diálogos interdisciplinares para un quehacer vital
Authors: Astudillo Sarmiento Juan Carlos
Published: April 2019

Entrevista realizada a Alexandra Kennedy, historiadora y docente universitaria radicada en Cuenca, Ecuador. La finalidad de este trabajo es la de problematizar la relación investigación/docencia, y la re-escritura de la Historia desde los discursos y locus de enunciación del docente. De la misma manera, visibilizar la interdisciplinaridad en la docencia y la experticia de una voz que representa al Ecuador en la academia, a nivel mundial.
¿Necesitamos una teología natural ramificada?
Authors: Palomo Miguel
Published: April 2019

Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. El primero es afirmar la posibilidad de la teología natural a través de las respuestas que ofrece Swinburne a Hume y a Kant. Es segundo es proponer la teología natural ramificada como una teología en la que se pueden defender cuestiones que han sido tradicionalmente relegadas a la teología revelada a través de las herramientas de la teología natural.
Core-shell nanofibers as drug delivery systems
Authors: Zupančič Špela
Published: April 2019

Core-shell nanofibers have grown in popularity over the last decade owing to their special features and their many applications in biomedicine. They can be produced by electrospinning of immiscible polymer blends or emulsions through a single nozzle or by electrospinning using a coaxial nozzle. Several of the electrospinning parameters allow great versatility for the compositions and diameters of core-shell nanofibers to be produced. Morphology of core-shell nanofibers can be investigated using transmission electron microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy. Several studies have shown that core-shell nanofibers have some advantages over monolithic nanofibers, such as better drug, protein, gene or probiotic incorporation into the nanofibers, greater control over drug release, and maintenance of protein structure and activity during electrospinning. We herein review the production and characterization of core-shell nanofibers, the critical parameters that affect their development, and their advantages as delivery systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing thiophene, thiazole, coumarin, pyridine and pyridazine derivatives as antiviral agents
Authors: Albratty Mohammed , El-Sharkawy Karam Ahmed , Alhazmi Hassan Ahmed
Published: April 2019

In an attempt to produce heterocyclic compounds based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with potential antiviral activity, synthesis of compound 1 [2-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] was performed through the reaction of cyanoacetic acid hydrazide with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Compound 1 has an activating methylene group, so it was directed toward some specific reactions. Thus, aryldiazonium chlorides reacted with compound 1 affording hydrazono derivatives 2a-c. Also, aromatic aldehydes reacted with compound 1 to produce compounds 3a,b. Furthermore, cyclic ketones were subjected to the synthesis of fused thiophene derivatives 4a,b
via reaction with compound 1 in the presence of elemental sulfur. In addition, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1, when reacted with isothiocyanates, salicylaldehyde or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, formed thiazole derivatives 5a,b, coumarin derivative 6 and alkenyl derivatives 7a,b resp. Compound 7b underwent cyclization to afford pyridine derivative 8. Arylhydrazono derivatives 9a,b were produced through the reaction of compound 7a with aryldiazonium chlorides. Products 9a,b underwent cyclization to produce pyridazine derivatives 10a,b. Finally, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1 was directed toward reaction with hydrazine derivatives, bromoacetophenone and ethylchloroacetate affording compounds 11a,b, 12 and 13, resp. Fused thiophene derivatives 14a,b were produced via reaction of compounds 4a,b with a mixture of malononitrile and ethylorthoformate. Antiviral activity of the synthesized products showed that 5-(4-amino-3-ethyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5a) and 5-(4-amino-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5b) acted as the most active agents against Feline herpes virus, Feline corona virus, Herpes simplex virus-1 and Herpes simplex virus-2, whereas compound 2-(5-(2-phenylhydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile (11b) was the most effective against Vaccinia virus, Herpes simplex virus (TK-KOS-ACVr), Coxsackie virus B4 and Vesicular stomatitis virus.
Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of novel mefloquine-based fumardiamides
Authors: Beus Maja , Fontinha Diana , Held Jana , Rajić Zrinka , Prudêncio Miguel , Zorc Branka
Published: April 2019

The paper is focused on the synthesis and screening of the antiplasmodial activity of novel fumardiamides 5–10 with the mefloquine pharmacophore and a Michael acceptor motif. Multi-step reactions leading to the title compounds included two amide bond formations. The first amide bond was achieved by the reaction of (E)-ethyl 4-chloro-4-oxobut-2-enoate (1) and N
1-(2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl) butane-1,4-diamine (2). The obtained ester 3 was hydrolyzed and gave acid 4, which then reacted with the selected halogenanilines in the presence of HATU/DIEA and formed products 5–10. Title compounds showed marked, dose dependent activity in vitro against hepatic stages of Plasmodium berghei. IC
50 values of the most active compounds 5, 7 and 9 bearing 3-fluoro, 3-chloro and 3-trifluoromethyl substituents were 3.04–4.16 µmol L−1, respectively. On the other hand, the compounds exerted only weak activity against the erythrocytic stages of two P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2) in vitro, with the exception of compound 5 (IC
50 = 2.9 µmol L−1).
Antimicrobial assesment of aroylhydrazone derivatives in vitro
Authors: Polović Saša , Bilić Vanja Ljoljić , Budimir Ana , Kontrec Darko , Galić Nives , Kosalec Ivan
Published: April 2019

Aroylhydrazones 1–13 were screened for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities in vitro. N′-(2-hydroxy-phenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (2), N′-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl-methylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (10), N′-(3,5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (11), and N′-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (12) showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with MIC values (in µmol mL−1) of 0.18–0.23, 0.11–0.20, 0.16–0.17 and 0.35–0.37, resp. Compounds 11 and 12, as well as N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (6) and N′-(2-hydroxy-5- methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (8) showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the lowest MIC values of 0.005–0.2, 0.05–0.12, 0.06–0.48 and 0.17–0.99 µmol mL−1. N′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (7) showed antifungal activity against both fluconazole resistant and susceptible C. albicans strains with IC
90 range of 0.18–0.1 µmol mL−1. Only compound 11 showed activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 comparable to the activity of nystatin (the lowest MIC 4.0 ×10−2
vs. 1.7 × 10−2 µmol mL−1). Good activity regarding multi-resistant clinical strains was observed for compound 12 against MRSA strain (MIC 0.02 µmol mL−1) and compounds 2, 6 and 12 against ESBL+ E. coli MFBF 12794, with the lowest MIC for compound 12 (IC
50 0.16 µmol mL−1). Anti-biofilm activity was found for compounds 2 (MBFIC 0.015–0.02 µmol mL−1 against MRSA) and 12 (MBFIC 0.013 µmol mL−1 against EBSL+ E. coli). In the case of compound 2 against MRSA biofilm formation, MBFIC values were comparable to those of gentamicin sulphate, whereas in the case of compound 12 and EBSL+ E. coli even more favourable activity compared to gentamicin was observed.
Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races
Authors: Klobučar Karla , Vrbanac Zoran , Gotić Jelena , Bojanić Krunoslav , Bureš Tomislav , Brkljača Bottegaro Nika
Published: April 2019

During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.
Efficiency Comparison of Cryptographic Applications, Match-off-Card vs. Match-on-Card, Using National Biometric eID Card
Authors: Krasniqi Gazmend , Filipi Kristaq
Published: April 2019

Recently, not only the Internet and mobile devices are changing our daily life but also the usage of national biometric card for every government electronic services. Beside citizen authentication these electronic services require users to encrypt and digitally sign their data or documents. Therefore, biometric cards are used as processing devices for cryptographic applications, whereby there are a lot of security aspects required for secure communication, authentication and encryption among them. Those aspects will be tested in different environments, platforms, devices, PCs, mobile devices and smartcards. This paper compares those two processing systems, Match off Card vs. Match on Card, and their efficiency of encryption and signatures on the data used. How different parameters, time and size of test vectors impacts the process and the role they play on the overall system. The derived results will serve us as a guide for using one processing system in certain environment, minding the efficiency of the data.
Parallelizing user–defined functions in the ETL workflow using orchestration style sheets
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Fawad , Mey Johannes , Thiele Maik
Published: April 2019

Today’s ETL tools provide capabilities to develop custom code as user-defined functions (UDFs) to extend the expressiveness of the standard ETL operators. However, while this allows us to easily add new functionalities, it also comes with the risk that the custom code is not intended to be optimized, e.g., by parallelism, and for this reason, it performs poorly for data-intensive ETL workflows. In this paper we present a novel framework, which allows the ETL developer to choose a design pattern in order to write parallelizable code and generates a configuration for the UDFs to be executed in a distributed environment. This enables ETL developers with minimum expertise in distributed and parallel computing to develop UDFs without taking care of parallelization configurations and complexities. We perform experiments on large-scale datasets based on TPC-DS and BigBench. The results show that our approach significantly reduces the effort of ETL developers and at the same time generates efficient parallel configurations to support complex and data-intensive ETL tasks.
Utility optimization–based bandwidth allocation for elastic and inelastic services in peer–to–peer networks
Authors: Li Shiyong , Zhang Yue , Wang Yan , Sun Wei
Published: April 2019

This paper considers reasonable bandwidth allocation for multiclass services in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, measures the satisfaction of each peer as a customer by a utility function when acquiring one service, and develops an optimization model for bandwidth allocation with the objective of utility maximization. Elastic services with concave utilities are first considered and the exact expression of optimal bandwidth allocation for each peer is deduced. In order to obtain an optimum in distributed P2P networks, we develop a gradient-based bandwidth allocation scheme and illustrate the performance with numerical examples. Then we investigate bandwidth allocation for inelastic services with sigmoidal utilities, which is a nonconvex optimization problem. In order to solve it, we analyze provider capacity provisioning for bandwidth allocation of inelastic services and modify the update rule for prices that service customers should pay. Numerical examples are finally given to illustrate that the improved scheme can also efficiently converge to the global optimum.
Ensembles of instance selection methods: A comparative study
Authors: Blachnik Marcin
Published: April 2019

Instance selection is often performed as one of the preprocessing methods which, along with feature selection, allows a significant reduction in computational complexity and an increase in prediction accuracy. So far, only few authors have considered ensembles of instance selection methods, while the ensembles of final predictive models attract many researchers. To bridge that gap, in this paper we compare four ensembles adapted to instance selection: Bagging, Feature Bagging, AdaBoost and Additive Noise. The last one is introduced for the first time in this paper. The study is based on empirical comparison performed on 43 datasets and 9 base instance selection methods. The experiments are divided into three scenarios. In the first one, evaluated on a single dataset, we demonstrate the influence of the ensembles on the compression–accuracy relation, in the second scenario the goal is to achieve the highest prediction accuracy, and in the third one both accuracy and the level of dataset compression constitute a multi-objective criterion. The obtained results indicate that ensembles of instance selection improve the base instance selection algorithms except for unstable methods such as CNN and IB3, which is achieved at the expense of compression. In the comparison, Bagging and AdaBoost lead in most of the scenarios. In the experiments we evaluate three classifiers: 1NN, kNN and SVM. We also note a deterioration in prediction accuracy for robust classifiers (kNN and SVM) trained on data filtered by any instance selection methods (including the ensembles) when compared with the results obtained when the entire training set was used to train these classifiers.
An assessment of Body Mass Index and sensitive period for overweight development in Macao students at primary school age
Authors: King Yan Ho Walter , Ahmed Md. Dilsad , Leong Chi Ian , Chan Patrick , Van Niekerk Rudolph Leon , Huang Fan , Chen Jessica , Chan Nikon , Silva João , Ip Patrick
Published: April 2019

The concomitant risk of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle development causing various non-communicable diseases is recognized worldwide. Therefore, development of strategies to form a concrete public health policy overcoming this problem is most important. This study observed the distribution and changes of Body Mass Index (BMI) over six years among boys and girls. Data on children height and weight and their BMI were collected. A total of 5369 (3368 male and 2001 female) children were recruited from 10 schools in Macao. The children were 6 years old in 2008 and turned 11 in 2013. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, t-test, and a Chi-squared test. The findings indicated greater BMI among males than females across all age at the 0.05 level of significance, and the ages of 8 and 9 seemed to be a sensitive period for an increase in overweight and obesity. The results indicate the need to have focused strategies and structured interventions for males at the critical ages from 8 to 9 years.
Asymmetry patterns are associated with body size and somatic robustness among adult !Kung San and Kavango people
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia
Published: April 2019

Asymmetry of bilateral anatomical structures is widely found in nature. Fluctuating asymmetry, i.e. mostly tiny random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilateral structures, is mainly interpreted within the framework of developmental instability. This interpretation is mainly due to the fact, that higher fluctuating asymmetry is often found in association with various pathological conditions but also from increased stress during somatic development. Directional asymmetry, in contrast, describes a distinct pattern of bilateral variation in a group of individuals, characterized by the tendency to find the larger side mainly at the same side for all individuals. This kind of asymmetry is mostly caused by behavioral lateralization. Somatic stress during development affect not only asymmetry patterns, it is has also an adverse effect on somatic growth. Therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis, that increased asymmetry is associated with decreased body height as well as postcranial length and robustness dimensions. The association patterns between fluctuating as well as directional asymmetry and parameters of somatic growth and robustness are analyzed among 236 !Kung San and 248 Kavango people of Namibia between the ages of 18 and 65 years. Fluctuating asymmetry was determined by ear length and ear breadth. Directional asymmetry was determined by hand length and hand breadth dimensions. Fluctuating as well as directional asymmetry correlated significantly negatively with body height and length dimensions, the correlations however, were weak. The results are interpreted as a corroboration of the theory that developmental stress may increase fluctuating asymmetry but on the other hand may decrease body size.