bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of aeroelastic characteristics of cantilever wing with smart materials using state-dependent Riccati equation method
Authors: Barzegari Mohammad M , Dardel Morteza , Fathi Alireza
Published: October 2014

In this work, aeroelastic control of a cantilever wing with embedded shape memory alloy wires and piezoelectric actuators is carried out. Shape memory alloy wires increase the total stiffness of the system by generating an in-plane load, and they are used as passive controllers. Piezoelectric actuators are used for active control of a fluttering plate using the state-dependent Riccati equation method. The effect of shape memory alloy wires and piezoelectric actuators on the aeroelastic flutter condition and limit cycle oscillation amplitude of a rectangular cantilever wing are investigated. Wings are modeled according to the first-order shear deformation plate theory and large deflection Von Karman plate theory. Simulation results are presented, which show that the designed state feedback control law can be used for the stabilization of an aeroelastic system with structural nonlinearities.
A Conceptual Review of Emergent State Measurement
Authors: Coultas Chris W. , Driskell Tripp , Burke C. Shawn , Salas Eduardo
Published: October 2014

Team research increasingly incorporates emergent states as an integral mediator between team inputs and outcomes. In conjunction with this, we have witnessed a proliferation and fragmentation of measurement techniques associated with emergent states. This inconsistency in measurement presents a problem for scientists and practitioners alike. For the scientist, it becomes difficult to better understand the nature and effects of various emergent states on team processes and outcomes. For the practitioner, it complicates the process of measurement development, selection, and implementation. To address these issues, we review the literature on emergent states focusing on various measurement strategies, to better unpack best practices. In so doing, we highlight existing research that suggests innovative solutions to the conceptual, methodological, and logistical problems that consistently plague emergent state research. Our aim is to enhance emergent state theory by applying psychometric principles to the measurement techniques associated with them.
The Ethics of an Ordinary Medical Technology
Authors: van Manen Michael A.
Published: October 2014

Some routinely applied hospital technologies may have unintended consequences for patients and their families. The neonatal cardiorespiratory monitor, a computer-like display used to show an infant’s vital functions, is one such technology that may become part of a parent’s day-to-day being with his or her hospitalized child. In this phenomenological study, I explored how the monitor may mediate parental sensibilities, reshaping the contact of parent and child. This exploration speaks to understanding the relational ethics of even the seemingly most ordinary of medical technologies in clinical contexts.
Flexural wave propagation and localization in periodic jointed tunnels subjected to moving loads
Authors: Ding Lan , Zhu Hong-Ping , Luo Hui , Yin Tao
Published: October 2014

Wave propagation and localization in the ordered and randomly disordered periodic jointed tunnel under moving loads are investigated. The periodic tunnel is approximated as a pipe-beam model with periodic joints on elastic foundations. By using the differential equations governing the flexural vibration of the pipe-beam on elastic foundations as well as the force equilibrium of the joints, the dynamic stiffness matrix is developed and the transfer matrix of the periodic tunnel is formulated in a coordinate system moving with the load. A critical velocity and the dynamic response of a uniform tunnel are investigated. For the ordered periodic tunnel, the dynamics of wave propagation induced by the moving loads are evaluated by analyzing the propagation constants. For the disordered periodic tunnel, a random disorder is introduced therein and the localization factors are calculated to examine the wave localization according to the Wolf’s algorithm. The effects of various controlling parameters on the wave propagation and localization are assessed. The obtained results show that the flexural wave is always localized near the moving load when the velocity is less than some critical velocity of a uniform tunnel on elastic foundations. Accordingly, the critical velocity is identified as the minimum velocity at which wave can propagate along the uniform tunnel. Furthermore, the travel velocity of the moving load drastically affects the amplitude of the transverse response. In the periodic tunnel, the velocity stop bands and pass bands exist alternately. The band width and location depend on structural parameters. As the level of disorder increases, the localization degree is strengthened. For the same disorder level, the phenomenon of wave localization is more pronounced at the low velocity range. The validity of the proposed methodology is confirmed by evaluating the transfer property and the deformation of the periodic tunnel through the finite element simulations.
Robust adaptive sliding mode control based on wavelet kernel principal component for offshore steel jacket platforms subject to nonlinear wave-induced force
Authors: Nourisola Hamid , Ahmadi Bahar
Published: October 2014

This paper is concerned with adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) based on a wavelet kernel support vector machine for offshore steel jacket platform subject to nonlinear wave-excited force and parameter perturbations. The sliding mode control technique is combined with adaptive control algorithm and wavelet support vector machine to achieve the desired attenuation on the wave-induced vibration and to limit the displacement of offshore platforms. In this method, wavelet kernel support vector machine is used to establish the adaptive controller and an on-line learning rule for the weighting vector and bias is derived. The most important feature of the proposed control strategy is its inherent robustness and its ability to handle the nonlinear behavior of the offshore platform. By means of this control scheme the performance of the AISMC has been improved. The performance of the proposed control strategy is compared with some existing control schemes. It is demonstrated that the proposed control scheme in this paper is more effective in improving the control performance of the offshore platform. This controller is designed based on solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. It has been illustrated through simulation results that the proposed control scheme is effective in improving the control performance of offshore platforms.
The Response of Human Nasal and Bronchial Organotypic Tissue Cultures to Repeated Whole Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: Talikka Marja , Kostadinova Radina , Xiang Yang , Mathis Carole , Sewer Alain , Majeed Shoaib , Kuehn Diana , Frentzel Stefan , Merg Celine , Geertz Marcel , Martin Florian , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Hoeng Julia
Published: October 2014

Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is linked to the development of respiratory diseases, and there is a need to understand the mechanisms whereby CS causes damage. Although animal models have provided valuable insights into smoking-related respiratory tract damage, modern toxicity testing calls for reliable in vitro models as alternatives for animal experimentation. We report on a repeated whole mainstream CS exposure of nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures that mimic the morphological, physiological, and molecular attributes of the human respiratory tract. Despite the similar cellular staining and cytokine secretion in both tissue types, the transcriptomic analyses in the context of biological network models identified similar and diverse biological processes that were impacted by CS-exposed nasal and bronchial cultures. Our results demonstrate that nasal and bronchial tissue cultures are appropriate in vitro models for the assessment of CS-induced adverse effects in the respiratory system and promising alternative to animal experimentation.
Bias in feline plasma biochemistry results between three in-house analysers and a commercial laboratory analyser: results should not be directly compared
Authors: Baral Randolph M , Dhand Navneet K , Morton John M , Krockenberger Mark B , Govendir Merran
Published: October 2014

In-house analysers are commonplace in small animal practices but cannot be calibrated by the operator; therefore, any bias in the generated plasma analyte values cannot be corrected. Guidelines such as grading of renal disease and published reference intervals (RIs) in veterinary textbooks assume plasma biochemistry values generated by different analysers are equivalent. This study evaluated the degree of bias, as well as if bias was constant or proportional, for feline plasma biochemical analytes assessed by three in-house biochemistry analysers compared with a commercial laboratory analyser. Blood samples were collected on 101 occasions from 94 cats and, after centrifugation, plasma was divided into four aliquots. One aliquot was sent to the commercial laboratory and the remaining three were tested using the in-house biochemistry analysers. Results from each analyser were compared with the commercial laboratory results by difference plots and analyses, and by comparing percentages of results within provided RIs. Substantial bias was evident relative to the results of the commercial analyser for at least half of the analytes tested for each machine. In most cases, bias was proportional, meaning that the difference between the methods varied with the concentration of the analyte. The results demonstrate that values obtained from these analysers should not be directly compared and that RIs are not transferable between these analysers. Potential effects of bias on clinical decision-making may be overcome by use of appropriately generated RIs, or reference change values which, for most biochemistry analytes, are more appropriate than subject-based RIs.
Parents’ help-seeking behaviours during acute childhood illness at home
Authors: Neill Sarah J , Jones Caroline HD , Lakhanpaul Monica , Roland Damian T , Thompson Matthew J
Published: October 2014

Uncertainty and anxiety surround parents’ decisions to seek medical help for an acutely ill child. Consultation rates for children are rising, yet little is known about factors that influence parents’ help-seeking behaviours. We used focus groups and interviews to examine how 27 parents of children under five years, from a range of socioeconomic groups in the East Midlands of England, use information to make decisions during acute childhood illness at home. This article reports findings elucidating factors that influence help-seeking behaviours. Parents reported that decision-making during acute childhood illness was influenced by a range of personal, social and health service factors. Principal among these was parents’ concern to do the right thing for their child. Their ability to assess the severity of the illness was influenced by knowledge and experience of childhood illness. When parents were unable to access their general practitioner (GP), feared criticism from or had lost trust in their GP, some parents reported using services elsewhere such as Accident and Emergency. These findings contribute to explanatory theory concerning parents’ help-seeking behaviours. Professional and political solutions have not reduced demand; therefore, collaborative approaches involving the public and professionals are now needed to improve parents’ access to information.
Being strategic and taking control: Bedrooms, social network sites and the narratives of growing up
Authors: Lincoln Siân , Robards Brady
Published: October 2014

Despite being distinct, online social spaces are governed by norms and conventions reminiscent of those that govern offline social spaces. Our research into the ways young people’s ‘private’ or ‘quasi-private’ spaces are managed indicates that the strategies used to exert a sense of control over sites like Facebook borrow heavily from the strategies employed to manage offline private spaces like the teenage bedroom. In this article, we explore these continuities and then consider the limitations of applying a bedroom metaphor to online social spaces. We then consider how these strategies of control are related to a process of ‘marking out’ the narrative of ‘growing up’ both in online and offline social spaces.
‘I wish they would remember that I forget:’ The effects of memory loss on the lives of individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia
Authors: Powers Sara M , Dawson Nicole T , Krestar Maura L , Yarry Sarah J , Judge Katherine S
Published: October 2014

Purpose of study

Due to changing cognitive and functional capabilities, individuals with dementia face challenging care-related issues such as feelings of embarrassment, relationship strain, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Limited research exists examining individuals with dementia's perceptions and concerns about these issues and how their perspectives can impact the quality and process of their illness experience.

Design and methods

As part of a larger study, individuals with dementia ( n = 114) answered five open-ended questions about their illness experience including: (1) daily routine, (2) concerns about memory loss, (3) relationships with others, (4) fears, and (5) what they wish others understood/knew. For each question, individuals with dementia’s responses were analyzed for common themes within and across questions.

Results

Individuals with dementia commented on a wide range of issues involving their memory loss, including negative emotional impacts, future concerns and illness progression, forgetting, loss of independence, and the negative and positive influences on interpersonal relationships. Across questions, many individuals also stated that their memory loss did not significantly impact their lives.

Implications

Discussion highlights how these findings can be used to expand our understanding of individuals with dementia's illness experience and to develop efficacious interventions for addressing negative aspects of living with memory loss while supporting positive aspects.
Complicated type B aortic dissection causing ischemia in the celiac and inferior mesenteric artery distribution despite patent superior mesenteric artery bypass
Authors: Afifi Rana O , Zhu Youwei , Leake Samuel S , Kott Amy , Azizzadeh Ali , Estrera Anthony L , Safi Hazim J , Charlton-Ouw Kristofer M
Published: October 2014

Mortality rates associated with acute type B aortic dissection (ABAD) complicated by malperfusion remains significant. Optimal management of patients with ABAD is still debatable. We present a case report of a 50-year-old man who was admitted due to ABAD. He was treated medically with his pain resolved and he was discharged on oral antihypertensive medications. One month after initial diagnosis, he was readmitted with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. On imaging, an extension of the aortic dissection into the visceral arteries with occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) was noted. He underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and bypass grafting to the SMA. Despite the intervention, the patient developed large bowel, liver, and gastric ischemia and underwent bowel resection. He died from multi-organ failure. In selected cases of uncomplicated ABAD, TEVAR should be considered and when TEVAR fails and visceral malperfusion develops, an aggressive revascularization of multiple visceral arteries should be attempted.
Bowel ischemia caused by a giant thrombus in the ascending aorta. A case report
Authors: Li Hua-Dong , Sun Tu-Cheng
Published: October 2014

Although an ascending aortic thrombus is a rare condition, it can cause serious complications of thromboembolism. Here we present a rare case of a patient who was hospitalized due to ileal arteries embolization caused by emboli from a giant thrombus in the ascending aorta. After 10 days anti-coagulation therapy, we performed a surgery to replace the ascending aorta containing the strip organized thrombus with a synthetic graft. During two years of postoperative follow-up, no recurrence of aortic thrombosis was found. Although the exact cause of this thrombus remains unclear, we believe that it is important to perform a surgery as soon as the presence of an ascending aortic thrombus is confirmed, which could help preventing the major recurrent embolic events.
How idiocultures and warrants operate independently in New Zealand health ethics review boards
Authors: Tolich Martin
Published: October 2014

Laura Stark’s ethnography of IRB decision-making unearthed two concerns: first, even though the committees were governed by ethical principles, the committees generated their own precedents for future decision-making; second, Stark witnessed unequal power relations within committee decision-making as a member’s expertise was accepted as a ‘warrant’. This article examines how these warrants are practiced within the decision-making process of New Zealand’s four Health and Disability Ethics Committees (HDECs or IRBs). More specifically, this article concerns these warrants during a committee’s decision to consult with indigenous communities, a decision for which there exist no guidelines. The article ends by discussing ethical issues when observing in public places.
Empathic unsettlement and the outsider within Argentine spaces of memory
Authors: Hite Katherine
Published: October 2014

In quite distinctive ways, protagonists of Argentine spaces of memory have addressed the complex questions of whether and how visitors experience empathy and empathic unsettlement in these spaces. I will draw from my recent experiences as co-professor with Marita Sturken of a group of US students in Buenos Aires. I will suggest that tension-ridden engagement between outsiders and insiders, including our exchanges with Argentine guides in three iconic sites of memory, can in some instances be conceived as empathic unsettlement. I will make use of performance studies to reflect on our “situatedness” within these spaces, in terms of “co-performance” and the outsider within. I hope to relate our dialogues and experiences to the possibilities for cross-border solidarities.
Exploring Creole women’s health using ethnography and Photovoice in Bluefields, Nicaragua
Authors: Mitchell Emma , Steeves Richard , Hauck Perez Katherine
Published: October 2014

Bluefields, Nicaragua is the largest city in the Southern Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS), and home to communities of Nicaragua’s six ethnic groups. Photovoice research techniques were used in this ethnographic study to explore the health experiences of Creole women. After participating in focus groups to discuss women’s health, 12 Creole women took photographs to describe their health experiences. The researcher then interviewed them about what each picture meant, and participants selected photos for a community-wide exhibition in Bluefields. Photos and narratives were analyzed to construct a description of the cultural context in which Creole women experienced health. One of the greatest women’s health concerns reported was that participants believed the younger generation was losing touch with Creole culture, putting them at risk of disease and illness. For participants, photos were a way to document Creole traditions of healing, traditions in the Creole home, and environmental health concerns.
Listening to Mozart K.448 decreases electroencephalography oscillatory power associated with an increase in sympathetic tone in adults: a post-intervention study
Authors: Lin Lung-Chang , Ouyang Chen-Sen , Chiang Ching-Tai , Wu Rong-Ching , Wu Hui-Chuan , Yang Rei-Cheng
Published: October 2014

Summary

Objective

Listening to Mozart K.448 has been demonstrated to improve spatial task scores, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. However, most of these reports only describe the phenomena but lack the scientific evidence needed to properly investigate the mechanism of Mozart Effect. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) to evaluate the effects of Mozart K.448 on healthy volunteers to explore Mozart Effect.

Design

An EEG-based post-intervention analysis.

Setting

Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Participants

Twenty-nine college students were enrolled. They received EEG and electrocardiogram examinations simultaneously before, during and after listening to the first movement of Mozart K.448.

Main outcome measure

EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV were compared in each stage.

Results

The results showed a significant decrease in alpha, theta and beta power when they listened to Mozart K.448. In addition, the average root mean square successive difference, the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals, standard deviations of NN intervals and standard deviations of differences between adjacent NN intervals showed a significant decrease, while the high frequency revealed a significant decrease with a significantly elevated low-frequency/high-frequency ratio.

Conclusion

Listening to Mozart K.448 significantly decreased EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV. This study indicates that there is brain cortical function and sympathetic tone activation in healthy adults when listening to Mozart K.448, which may play an important role in the mechanism of Mozart Effect.
How I treat smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Landgren Ola
Published: October 2014

Smoldering myeloma is a heterogeneous clinical entity where a subset of patients has an indolent course of disease that mimics monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance, whereas others have a more aggressive course that has been described as “early myeloma.” It is defined as either serum M-protein ≥3 g/L or ≥10% monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. There are currently no molecular factors to differentiate risks of progression for these patients. Current recommendations of therapy continue to be patient observation or patient enrollment in clinical trials. However, new definitions of active multiple myeloma recently agreed upon by the International Myeloma Working Group may alter the timing of therapy. On the basis of emerging data of therapy in these patients, it seems reasonable to believe that future recommendations for therapy of patients with smoldering myeloma will become an increasingly important topic. In this article, we review the current knowledge of this disease and risk factors associated with progression. We also examine biological insights and alterations that occur in the tumor clone and the surrounding bone marrow niche. Finally, we review clinical trials that have been performed in these patients and provide recommendations for follow-up of patients with this unique disease entity.
Resting heart rate as a marker for identifying the risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Yu-qian , Sun Chang-qing , Li Lin-lin , Wang Ling , Guo Yi-rui , You Ai-guo , Xi Yuan-lin , Wang Chong-jian
Published: October 2014

Background

Fast resting heart rate might increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether resting heart rate could be used to predict the risk of undiagnosed T2DM. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the association between resting heart rate and undiagnosed T2DM, and evaluate the feasibility of using resting heart rate as a marker for identifying the risk of undiagnosed T2DM.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Resting heart rate and relevant covariates were collected and measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure blood glucose using the modified hexokinase enzymatic method. Predictive performance was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

This study included 16, 636 subjects from rural communities aged 35–78 years. Resting heart rate was significantly associated with undiagnosed T2DM in both genders. For resting heart rate categories of <60, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 beats/min, adjusted odds ratios for undiagnosed T2DM were 1.04, 2.32, 3.66 and 1.05, 1.57, 2.98 in male and female subjects, respectively. For male subjects, resting heart rate ≥70 beats/min could predict undiagnosed T2DM with 76.56% sensitivity and 48.64% specificity. For female subjects, the optimum cut-off point was ≥79 beats/min with 49.72% sensitivity and 67.53% specificity. The area under the ROC curve for predicting undiagnosed T2DM was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.64-0.66) and 0.61(95% CI: 0.60-0.62) in male and female subjects, respectively.

Conclusions

Fast resting heart rate is associated with an increased risk of undiagnosed T2DM in male and female subjects. However, resting heart rate as a marker has limited potential for screening those at high risk of undiagnosed T2DM in adults living in rural areas.
Analysis of the surface-roughening phenomenon in P-added bake-hardened steel sheets
Authors: Goo Nam Hoon , Kang Chungu
Published: October 2014

The surface-roughening problem with phosphorous-added bake-hardened steel sheets was investigated. Surface undulation in the sheets occurs after 2% to 3% deformation during press forming action and disappears with further deformation over 10%. The roughened sheets exhibit heterogeneity of the elemental P (phosphorous) distribution, and the segregation of P increases the hardiness of ferrite grains locally. This local strengthening of ferrite grains causes a concentration of strains in the other ferrite regions that do not contain the elemental P-segregation. The strain concentration is because of the surface undulation in the sheets under small amount of straining. The evolution of the deformation texture and the corresponding Lankford values are shown using a series of viscoplastic self-consistent (VSPC) simulations, which indicated that a strong {554}[225] texture develops, and subsequently, the Lankford value increases in the non-segregated ferrite region. The higher Lankford value makes it more difficult to deform the sheet in the through-thickness direction. The different texture developments of the segregated and segregation-free regions are the main causes of the disappearance of the surface undulation with a high amount of plastic straining greater than 10%. Finally, we conclude that the segregation of P inherited from hot band affects the plastic deformation and developed textures of the thin steel sheets.
‘The air that we breathe’: Assessment of laser and electrosurgical dissection devices on operating theater air quality
Authors: Brace Matthew D , Stevens Elizabeth , Taylor S Mark , Butt Sarah , Sun Zhennan , Hu Licai , Borden Megan , Khanna Neeraj , Kuchta James , Trites Jonathan , Hart Robert , Gibson Mark D
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To measure changes in air quality during surgery.

Methods

Operating room (OR) and hallway air quality was continuously monitored over a 3-month period. Rooftop monitoring was used to control for environmental changes and to account for the infiltration of outdoor air pollutants. Air quality measurements were correlated with operative times and electro-dissection equipment used.

Results

OR air is cooler and drier compared to the adjacent hallway. Volatile organic compounds and other gases are below indoor air exposure limit guidelines. Lasers create greater 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentration, and greater fine and coarse particle number than cautery or cold tissue dissection. Cautery produces more ultrafine particles (UFP) than other dissection techniques. OR air has lower particle counts than outdoor environmental air by virtue of air conditioning HEPA filtration.

Conclusion

Compared to the outside air, operating room air has lower particle counts. Lasers produce higher concentrations of PM2.5 mass and, fine and coarse particle number counts. Cautery produces higher concentrations of UFP number counts than other modalities and warrants consideration of the use of masks with ultrafine particle filtration capacity. Operating room air is consistently cooler with decreased humidity, which may cause airway irritation.
On the Visceral
Authors: Holland Sharon P. , Ochoa Marcia , Tompkins Kyla Wazana
Published: October 2014

In this issue of GLQ, the first of a paired set (20.4 and 21.1), the logics of desire and consumption in (post)colonial circuits reveal the carnal processes through which our bodies are materialized as queer, through which they are racialized. The theoretical pressure that the visceral conjures as the line between subject and object becomes increasingly obfuscated in the neoliberal, postcolonial, and neocolonial, environmentally apocalyptic world. Our goal in calling for this work was to map that abject and erotic territory — the blood and guts, the cum and shit — and in doing so push at the cartographic and historiographical edges of food studies, critical race theory, and sexuality studies. As scholars engaged in thinking about consumption in and through these frameworks, we and the authors in these two issues see many points of convergence between sexuality and eating, food, and food labor. These “systems” have tremendous impact on the construction of the human and the nonhuman in the context of a transcolonial, transnational, and hemispheric modernity.
Pussy Ballistics and the Queer Appeal of Peristalsis, or Belly Dancing with Margaret Cho
Authors: Lee Rachel
Published: October 2014

In the 2003 concert Cho Revolution, Korean American stand-up comedian Margaret Cho mounts a critique of US empire that focuses on the Asian sex worker as logistical support for the military troops of commodity capitalism. Combining a science and technology studies approach and a performance and literary studies method attentive to bodily rhetorics and patterns evident in assembled structures, I theorize Cho's praxis of peristaltic feminism. Inciting rhythmic waves of (commercial) terrorism that first register below the belt as belly-shaking laughter, the felt actions of the viscera intrude into the cognitive registers where apparent rationality does not rule as much as imperialist disavowal and contradiction. In short, Cho's lobbed pussy shout-outs wash over her audience like a peristaltic wave. This essay draws out the value of a peristaltic feminism for a queer critical racial studies project precisely through its roundabout technique — its refusing the straight path going directly to the point. As part of an ongoing development in embodiment studies to resituate the biological sciences as a resource for feminist and queer thinking, this essay further reflects on critical habits that implicitly prefer interpretive frameworks modeled on the machinic and defensive rather than on the organismal, connective, and miscegenated.
Early/Modern/Queer/Recent
Authors: Guy-Bray Stephen
Published: October 2014

The three books under review can be classified as queer theory on Renaissance subjects: Jonathan Goldberg's Seeds of Things, Holly Dugan's Ephemeral History of Perfume, and Will Stockton's Playing Dirty. The three books are very different: Goldberg's book considers the importance of Lucretius both to contemporary critical theory and to Renaissance literature, Dugan's work is a cultural studies look at some of the significant scents of the Renaissance world, and Stockton's book is a literary analysis that makes consistent use of psychoanalytic theory of (chiefly) Renaissance texts. Taken together, these books show the continued vitality and breadth of Renaissance queer studies.
Synthesis and Properties of Extended π-Conjugated Compounds with 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Units
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Karashima Sayaka , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: October 2014

New extended π-conjugated compounds with two 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene units and various linkers were synthesized by one-shot double-elimination reactions and Sonogashira coupling. Their UV–vis and fluorescence spectra were measured to evaluate the effects of the linkers on the π-conjugation. Their photophysical properties are discussed in terms of structures and molecular orbitals obtained by DFT calculations.
Quantitative Amplification of Cleaved Ends (qACE) to assay miRNA-directed target cleavage
Authors: Damodaran Suresh , Adhikari Sajag , Turner Marie , Subramanian Senthil
Published: October 2014

microRNA (miRNA) regulation is crucial to achieve precise spatio-temporal expression patterns of their target genes. This makes it crucial to determine the levels of cleavage of a particular target mRNA in different tissues and under different conditions. We developed a quantitative PCR method “quantitative Amplification of Cleaved Ends (qACE)” to assay levels of specific cleavage products in order to determine the extent of miRNA regulation for a specific target gene. qACE uses cDNA generated from adapter-ligated RNA molecules and relies on a carefully designed fusion primer that spans the adapter-cleaved RNA junction in qPCR to specifically amplify and quantify cleaved products. The levels of full-length transcripts can also be assayed in the same cDNA preparation using primers that span across the miRNA cleavage site. We used qACE to demonstrate that soybean roots over-expressing miR164 had increased levels of target cleavage and that miRNA deficient Arabidopsis thaliana hen1-1 mutants had reduced levels of target cleavage. We used qACE to discover that differential cleavage by miR164 in nodule vs. adjacent root tissue contributed to nodule-specific expression of NAC1 transcription factors in soybean. These experiments show that qACE can be used to discover and demonstrate differential cleavage by miRNAs to achieve specific spatio-temporal expression of target genes in plants.
Predictive factors for difficult mask ventilation in the obese surgical population
Authors: Cattano Davide , Katsiampoura Anastasia , Corso Ruggero M. , Killoran Peter V. , Cai Chunyan , Hagberg Carin A.
Published: October 2014

Background

Difficult Mask Ventilation (DMV), is a situation in which it is impossible for an unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain oxygen saturation >90% using 100% oxygen and positive pressure ventilation to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during mask ventilation.  The incidence varies from 0.08 – 15%. Patient-related anatomical features are by far the most significant cause.  We analyzed data from an obese surgical population (BMI> 30 kg/m2) to identify specific risk and predictive factors for DMV.

Methods

Five hundred and fifty seven obese patients were identified from a database of 1399 cases associated with preoperative airway examinations where mask ventilation was attempted. Assessment of mask ventilation in this group was stratified by a severity score (0-3), and a step-wise selection method was used to identify independent predictors.  The area under the curve of the receiver-operating-characteristic was then used to evaluate the model’s predictive value. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.

Results

DMV was observed in 80/557 (14%) patients. Three independent predictive factors for DMV in obese patients were identified: age 49 years, short neck, and neck circumference  43 cm. In the current study th sensitivity for one factor is 0.90 with a specificity 0.35. However, the specificity increased to 0.80 with inclusion of more than one factor.

Conclusion

According to the current investigation, the three predictive factors are strongly associated with DMV in obese patients. Each independent risk factor alone provides a good screening for DMV and two factors substantially improve specificity. Based on our analysis, we speculate that the absence of at least 2 of the factors we identified might have a significant negative predictive value and can reasonably exclude DMV, with a negative likelihood ratio 0.81.
Lectotypification of the name Chrysobaphus roxburghii (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Avishek , Chowdhery Harsh Jee
Published: October 2014

A lectotype is selected for Chrysobaphus roxburghii Wall. (≡ Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.) using a specimen from WU. Specimens from the Wallichian Catalogue (Numer. List), cited as types for C. roxburghii in some recent publications, are determined as not original material for the name. The only other original element known is a Rumphius illustration, t. 41. fig. 3 (miscited as t. 51 fig. 3 in the protologue). The Rumphius illustration is not a good choice for lectotype becasue its identity is ambiguous.
Coreopsis sect. Pseudoagarista (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae): Molecular phylogeny, chromosome numbers, and comments on taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Crawford Daniel J. , Tadesse Mesfin , Kimball Rebecca T. , Carrillo-Reyes Pablo , Sánchez-Vega Isidoro , Mort Mark E.
Published: October 2014

Coreopsis (Asteraceae) sect. Pseudoagarista is the largest section in the genus. It is disjunct between the high mountains of Mexico and high elevations in the Andes. Most species in the section are similar in floral and fruit characters, and are distinguished primarily by leaf characters. Despite the morphological similarity among all species, the monophyly of the section has been called into question by molecular data. Prior studies of tribe Coreopsideae have been equivocal with, cpDNA markers indicating monophyly but nrDNA ITS sequences have not resolved the section as monophyletic. Expanded cpDNA and nrDNA ITS datasets, and statistical (i.e., AU) tests of the ITS and cpDNA topologies provide support that sect. Pseudoagarista is not monophyletic. Both data partitions strongly support the Mexican and South American subclades as monophyletic. The low cpDNA sequence variation within each subclade provides no resolution, and thus patterns of evolution within each were examined using a phylogenetic framework estimated from ITS data. Sequences from ITS fail to provide high resolution of relationships among South American species, a likely result of a recent, rapid radiation, as is known in other Andean lineages. Divergence among species is generally higher in the Mexican species, resulting in better resolution of phylogenetic relationships compared to South American species. Three ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid) are known in species from South America, and diploids and tetraploids have been documented in Mexico. Multiple origins of polyploidy are indicated for both geographic areas.
Tell el-Farkha and Its Implications for Understanding the Earliest Architecture of Lower Egypt
Authors: Ciałowicz Krzysztof M. , Dębowska-Ludwin Joanna
Published: October 2014

Discoveries made at Tell el-Farkha prove that the presence of mud brick was well rooted in Lower Egyptian building tradition. The oldest known examples from the site are breweries connected with the activity of Lower Egyptian culture. Soon thereafter, bricks were used in more innovative ways as separating walls. A period of stronger Naqadan influence, which started in Naqada IID1, resulted in the further development of mud brick buildings, initially in the creation of massive walls and rounded corners. From their very first appearance at Tell el-Farkha, these characteristically shaped corners accompanied monumental structures of special significance. A large mastaba from the site dated to Naqada IIIA2/B1, represents the next evolutionary stage of the rounded corner idea, which was continued during the Early Dynastic period by sepulchral enclosure no. 55. These two constructions show that the architectural legacy of the Delta contributed to the formation of the typical Egyptian mastaba. However, due to the scarcity of evidence from other sites, this picture is based mostly on data collected at Tell el-Farkha.
Tell el-Murra – Results of Survey and Prospects for Research
Authors: Jucha Mariusz A.
Published: October 2014

Tell el-Murra, located in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta, was one of several sites investigated by the Polish Archaeological Expedition during the surveys of 2008 and 2010-2011 at which excavations are still ongoing. It was selected for further research mainly due to good state of preservation of the Tell and the results of preliminary analyses of the archaeological material found there. The main objective of the initial work was to establish the stratigraphy and chronology of the site. In order to accomplish this goal, the first test pits were opened and analysis of the data obtained here then confirmed the existence of a settlement dating from the Predynastic – Lower Egyptian culture until the end of the Old Kingdom. It still remains unclear, however, as to whether representatives of Naqada culture appeared there as early as the second half of Naqada II period or only during Naqada III. The research also demonstrated that both a settlement and a cemetery were present here. The latter was located in the southwestern part of the site. Among the graves, several contained pottery coffins with or without lids and in one case with hollows made in its bottom.
Snakes on the Nile: Iconographical and Cultural Motifs in Egypt, Nubia, and Hellenistic World
Authors: Ciampini Emanuele , Bąkowska-Czerner Grażyna
Published: October 2014

Analysing the snake as iconographical motif in the Meroitic Kingdom, the study outlines its use as expression of some peculiar patterns (water, New Year, kingship). The examples here collected confirm this meaning, focusing the data from Napata, where an Archaeological Mission is carrying out the digging of the great Natakamani’s Palace (probably 1st century BC), as well as some other buildings of the same royal sector. Several architectural and decorative evidences (above all painted pottery) show the use of the snake-motif in the Meroitic culture, and its elaboration in the context of the Meroitic Napata; all the elements of this cultural language are the original elaboration of many inputs from the Pharaonic Egypt, as well as from the Hellenistic world. At the site of Jebel Barkal/ Napata the motif of serpent relatively often appears on Meroitic vessels. Its imaginings refer to the idea of rebirth. Very interesting is the depiction of a serpent combined with grapevine. The motifs appearing on pottery show strong religious syncretism referring not only to Pharaonic and Hellenistic culture, but also to the local tradition.
Notes on Representations of Hoplites with Double Spears in Archaic Greek Art and the Usage of Javelins and Spears by the Archaic Phalanx
Authors: Miścicki Wawrzyniec
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this article is to answer questions concerning the usage of spears and javelins by the warriors of Archaic Greece. More precisely, the possibility of the hoplites using javelins as an offensive weapon when fighting in the phalanx formation will be examined through the analysis of contemporary iconographical sources. The article will also present how depictions of hoplites with double spears could be interpreted and used within the theory of Archaic Greek warfare and examine the reliability of such images.
An Unpublished Ionian Cup from the National Museum in Warsaw
Authors: Nocoń Kamila
Published: October 2014

The aim of this paper is to describe one of the few Ionian cups from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw. The vase is of East Greek origin and was used as a drinking cup. This type of ceramics was widespread during the Archaic period.
The Fatal Power of Aphrodite? Some Remarks on the Iconology of Helen and Paris
Authors: Gorzelany Dorota
Published: October 2014

This article focuses on the iconology of Helen and Paris on the hydria dated to the early 4th century BC in the collection of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation in Krakow.
Mature Heracles and Youthful Kings: Theocritus 17 and Hellenistic Iconography
Authors: Fulińska Agnieszka
Published: October 2014

In the ‘genealogical’ passage of the ‘Encomium’ of Ptolemy Philadelphus Theocritus several times calls upon Heracles as the ancestor of both the Argead and Lagid dynasties, and surprisingly for his time recalls the mature image of the hero when portraying him. The present paper attempts at the interpretation of this passage in the context of the representations of Heracles in the art of the 4th century BC and the early Hellenistic age, and the assimilation of Alexander with his mythical ancestor.
An Honorary Votive Relief from Laconia
Authors: Kokkorou-Alevras Georgia
Published: October 2014

Of great typological and iconographical interest is an honorary relief stele in the Archaeological Museum of Sparta inv. no. 2597 (Pl. 1: 1-2). The stele was found by chance in the area of the former municipality of Pharis, close to Sparta, and is carved in dark gray Laconian marble, most probably from mount Taygetos.The stele is horizontally divided in two equal zones. Two rows of three men walking to the right are depicted. Beardless and barefooted, they have short hair and bulky bodies wrapped in himatia long to under their knees in the type IV of himation-men of A. Lewerentz. They have nothing in their hands with the exception of the first figure to the left of the upper section which seems to be holding an unfortunately indiscernible object. The final impression given by the whole representation is that of six men walking rhythmically to the right as if participating in to a ritual procession. Stylistic comparisons with other Laconian reliefs show that the stele should be dated between the end of the Hellenistic – beginning of the Roman imperial period, 1st century BC – 1st century AD. The identification of the six older men commemorated by this stele is not an easy task. Nevertheless, they may be identified with Spartan officials of this late period of Spartan history, presumably with patronomoi, though other local officials cannot be excluded.
Monsters, Chimeras, Masks or Gods?
Authors: Gołyźniak Paweł
Published: October 2014

The National Museum in Krakow contains an outstanding set of gems collected by Constantine Schmidt-Ciążyński (1818-1889). Within this extensive group of objects, two very rare intaglios bearing a particular intriguing motif, the double-headed device, stand out from the rest. Since the very beginning, scholars have interpreted this kind of depiction differently and many different hypotheses have been drawn. This paper aims to explain the meaning of this strange iconography and from whence it originated.
‘Paphos’ sur les monnaies depuis le ivème siècle av. J.-C.
Authors: Destrooper-Georgiades Anne
Published: October 2014

The word ‘Paphos’ emerged as early as the 7th century BC and was subsequently written in varying manners, firstly on inscriptions and later in literary texts. Yet it is only from about the second half of the 4th century BC that it appears inscribed on coins, solely in Greek alphabetic characters. The word is abbreviated to one, two or four letters, which sometimes form a monogram. On the extremely rare silver coins of the last king of Paphos, Nikokles, Paphos is written in a related form, ΠAΦIΟΝ and the exact meaning of this word will be considered in this paper. A further legend, ΠΒA, written behind the neck of a crowned female head on these late coins and the identification of the head itself have prompted several differing interpretations. The exceptional crown of this figure, the legend and the depiction as a whole will be studied within the political, historical and religious context of Paphos.
Hero or God Comes to Nea Paphos
Authors: Daszewski Wiktor A.
Published: October 2014

In September 2008, over the course of excavations at the Early Roman House, the bust of a young man was discovered in Room 24. He is depicted with curly hair and is wearing a conical cap. The author of this paper discusses the possible identification of the sculpture. There are two differing ideas. According to the first, the young man could be identified as one of the Dioskouroi, while the other theory considers him to be Attis. The author does not determine conclusively which of the concepts is appropriate, because both are supported by strong evidence.