bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scrotal/testicular status after repair of recent severe incarcerated inguinal hernia in male infants younger than 12 months old: Laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure versus conventional open repair
Authors: Miyano Go , Nakamura Hiroki , Shibuya Soichi , Ochi Takanori , Yazaki Yuta , Murakami Hiroshi , Seo Shogo , Okawada Manabu , Doi Takashi , Koga Hiroyuki , Lane Geoffrey J , Yamataka Atsuyuki
Published: December 2018

Introduction

We prospectively reviewed 41 male infants younger than 12 months old who had presented with severe incarcerated inguinal hernia between 2014 and 2016 and had been treated by laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) or conventional open repair (CO).

Methods

Operative times and intraoperative findings were evaluated. Scrotal/testicular status were assessed preoperatively, 1 week, and 4 weeks after surgery.

Results

There were 21 boys treated by LPEC and 20 by CO. Mean ages and mean weights at surgery were similar between the groups. The mean operative time was 19.7 min for LPEC and 45.8 min for CO (P < 0.05). The peritoneum was edematous in 13 LPEC cases (61.9%). Wound infection was observed in one CO case and in one LPEC case at the umbilicus. Postoperative scrotal/testicular swelling was observed in four cases at 1 week and two cases at 4 weeks among the CO cases and in one case at 1 week and no cases at 4 weeks among the LPEC cases (P = not significant). Postoperative testicular elevation was observed on the operated side in two CO cases and in no LPEC cases at 1 and 4 weeks (P = not significant). There has been no recurrence or testicular atrophy in either group.

Conclusion

Performing LPEC took significantly less time than performing CO. Although no statistically significant differences in scrotal/testicular status were identified, a larger study is warranted to prove that LPEC is associated with less surgical stress than CO.
Safety profile of human papilloma virus vaccines: an analysis of the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Bonaldo Giulia , Vaccheri Alberto , D'Annibali Ottavio , Motola Domenico
Published: December 2018

Aims

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the cause of different types of carcinoma. Despite the remarkable effectiveness of the HPV vaccines, there have been many complaints about their risk–benefit profile due to adverse events following immunization (AEFI). The purpose of this study is to analyse the safety profile of the HPV vaccine basing on real‐life data derived from reports of suspected AEFIs collected in the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and assess if the searches on Google overlap with spontaneous reporting.

Methods

We collected all the reports in VAERS between January 2007 to December 2017 related to the HPV vaccines. A disproportionality analysis using reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval was performed.

Results

Over the 10‐year period, 55 356 reports of AEFI related to HPV vaccines were retrieved in VAERS, corresponding to 224 863 vaccine‐event pairs. The highest number of reports was related to Gardasil (n = 42 244). The two events more frequently reported and statistically significant for HPV vaccines were dizziness (n = 6259; ROR = 2.60; 95% confidence interval 2.53–2.66) and syncope (n = 6004; ROR = 6.28; 95% confidence interval 6.12–6.44). The trends of spontaneous reporting and Google searches overlap.

Conclusion

The AEFI analysis showed that the events most frequently reported were non‐serious and listed in the corresponding summary of product characteristics. Potential safety signals arose regarding less frequent AEFIs that would deserve further investigation. It is extremely important to disseminate correct and evidence‐based scientific information.
Efficacy and safety of birch pollen allergoid subcutaneous immunotherapy: A 2‐year double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial plus 1‐year open‐label extension
Authors: Worm Margitta , Rak Sabina , Samoliński Boleslaw , Antila Jukka , Höiby Ann‐Sofi , Kruse Brigitte , Lipiec Agnieszka , Rudert Michael , Valovirta Erkka
Published: December 2018

Background

Previous clinical trials with birch pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy have been conducted over a 1‐ to 2‐year treatment period and involved mostly a single geographic location.

Objective

This study (EudraCT‐Number: 2005‐000025‐35) intended to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy with high‐dose hypoallergenic birch pollen allergoid in patients with confirmed moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis over a 3‐year course in 19 European centres.

Methods

Adults with confirmed birch pollen allergy (n = 253) were randomized to preseasonal placebo (n = 129) or active treatment (n = 124). Primary endpoint was change in Symptom Medication Score after 2 years treatment (2007).

Results

The change in Symptom Medication Score of active‐ vs placebo‐treated patients for the Full Analysis Set (n = 227, 15.2% reduction, P = 0.0710) and Per‐Protocol Set (n = 216, 16.7% reduction, P = 0.0523) showed a positive trend, although significance was not achieved. The primary endpoint, assessed in 2007, coincided with the lowest pollination during the study period. In a subgroup analysis of patients in the north‐eastern region (n = 102), where birch is the major tree and consequently patients’ exposure is higher, changes in Symptom Medication Score (32.7% reduction, P = 0.0034) and median number of well days (P = 0.0232) were highly significant in favour of the active group. During the open‐label third year of treatment, the mean Symptom Medication Score of active‐treated patients was further reduced despite an increased pollen count. Subcutaneous immunotherapy was well tolerated and consistent with the known safety profile.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Although the primary endpoint was not reached for the Full Analysis Set, a significant and clinically relevant effect on Symptom Medication Score was clearly demonstrated for the subgroup of patients in the north‐eastern region of Europe, where birch is the predominant tree species. Proving efficacy of birch allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy is challenging due to the numerous factors influencing birch pollen allergen exposure in field studies.
How and Why Haifa Has Become the “Palestinian Cultural Capital” in Israel
Authors: Karkabi Nadeem
Published: December 2018

With the growth of Palestinian original cultural productions and independent performance venues in Haifa, its residents have dubbed it the “Palestinian cultural capital in Israel.” An important cosmopolitan center prior to the loss of its majority Palestinian population in 1948, how have Haifa's Palestinian residents today revived the city and claimed this ambitious new title? What factors have enabled this development to take place specifically in Haifa? And, what can it tell us about Palestinians’ imagination of national space under Israel's dominance? In this article, I address these questions and argue that the appearance of a new generation of a Palestinian urban middle class and the regression of Haifa's centrality in Israeli geopolitics have allowed educated and affluent Palestinians to (re)create a decidedly Palestinian civic sphere through cultural activities. I further argue that this imagining of Haifa demonstrates the ways cultural production can assert belonging to the Palestinian nation.
Penicillium section Lanata‐divaricata from acidic soil
Authors: Diao Yong‐Zhao , Chen Qian , Jiang Xian‐Zhi , Houbraken Jos , Barbosa Renan N. , Cai Lei , Wu Wen‐Ping
Published: December 2018

Penicillium species in section Lanata‐divaricata are common soil‐inhabiting fungi, but their presence in acidic soil has rarely been investigated. In an ongoing survey of Penicillium species occurring in China, 465 strains were isolated from soil, and of which 60 belonged to section Lanata‐divaricata. The majority of these strains were isolated from acidic soil. The phylogenetic relationship between these 60 isolates and accepted species of section Lanata‐divaricata was studied using ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences, which revealed the presence of seven accepted species and 13 novel lineages. Combining phylogenetic data with data generated during macro‐ and microscopic observations resulted in the description of 13 new species. The growth rate of the new species obtained in this study was determined under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions (pH 4, 7, 10). With the exception of P. hainanense, which was not able to grow at pH 10, all strains were able to grow at the three examined pH levels. Eleven species (i.e. P. austrosinense, P. flaviroseum, P. globosum, P. griseoflavum, P. hainanense, P. jianfenglingense, P. laevigatum, P. rubriannulatum, P. soliforme, P. spinuliferum, P. yunnanense) grew faster at low pH (pH 4) than at pH 7 or 10, and these species are therefore referred to as acid‐preferential. Penicillium viridissimum grew fastest on neutral medium and P. guangxiense grew best at pH 10, and is therefore considered to be acid‐tolerant. By isolating strains from a unique environment, combined with targeted isolation using a well‐designed protocol, we are able to describe new fungal diversity with specific physiological characteristics.
Mapping global human dependence on marine ecosystems
Authors: Selig Elizabeth R. , Hole David G. , Allison Edward H. , Arkema Katie K. , McKinnon Madeleine C. , Chu Jingjie , de Sherbinin Alex , Fisher Brendan , Glew Louise , Holland Margaret B. , Ingram Jane Carter , Rao Nalini S. , Russell Roly B. , Srebotnjak Tanja , Teh Lydia C.L. , Troëng Sebastian , Turner Will R. , Zvoleff Alexander
Published: December 2018

Many human populations are dependent on marine ecosystems for a range of benefits, but we understand little about where and to what degree people rely on these ecosystem services. We created a new conceptual model to map the degree of human dependence on marine ecosystems based on the magnitude of the benefit, susceptibility of people to a loss of that benefit, and the availability of alternatives. We focused on mapping nutritional, economic, and coastal protection dependence, but our model is repeatable, scalable, applicable to other ecosystems, and designed to incorporate additional services and data. Here we show that dependence was highest for Pacific and Indian Ocean island nations and several West African countries. More than 775 million people live in areas with relatively high dependence scores. By identifying where and how people are dependent on marine ecosystems, our framework can be used to design more effective large‐scale management and policy interventions.
A parent intervention with a growth mindset approach improves children's early gesture and vocabulary development
Authors: Rowe Meredith L. , Leech Kathryn A.
Published: December 2018

Socioeconomic disparities in children's early vocabulary skills can be traced back to disparities in gesture use at age one and are due, in part, to the quantity and quality of communication children are exposed to by parents. Further, parents' mindsets about intelligence contribute to their interactions with their children. We implemented a parent gesture intervention with a growth mindset component with 47 parents of 10‐month‐olds to determine whether this approach would increase parents' use of the pointing gesture, infants' use of pointing, and child vocabulary growth. The intervention had an effect on parent gesture such that by child age 12‐months, parents who received the intervention increased in their pointing more than parents in the control condition. Importantly, the intervention also had a significant effect on child gesture use with parents. There was no main effect of the intervention on child vocabulary. Further, the effect of the intervention on pointing was stronger for parents who endorsed fixed mindsets at baseline, and had an added benefit of increased vocabulary growth from 10–18 months for children of those parents who endorsed fixed mindsets. Incorporating growth mindset approaches into parenting interventions is encouraged.
The sign of the new millennium. Organisational changes and job satisfaction at Spanish public universities
Authors: Olaskoaga‐Larrauri Jon , González‐Laskibar Xabier , Barrenetxea‐Ayesta Miren , Díaz‐De‐Basurto‐Uraga Pablo
Published: December 2018

This article describes the ramifications that recent organisational changes in the Spanish higher education sector have had on levels of job satisfaction among teaching staff. The research gathered their opinions on recent changes affecting their teaching duties, using job satisfaction scales in different areas of their academic work. The results point to a large number who claim to have seen their job satisfaction diminish over the period in which the organisational changes have taken hold. This sense of loss of job satisfaction is positively and significantly related to growing standardisation and to the erosion of the principles of collegiality, but negatively to the initiatives for improving the coordination between teaching staff and the assessment of the quality of their work.
Evidence for spatial coherence in time trends of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic
Authors: Olmos Maxime , Massiot‐Granier Félix , Prévost Etienne , Chaput Gérald , Bradbury Ian R , Nevoux Marie , Rivot Etienne
Published: December 2018

A hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model is presented that considers spatial covariation of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in the North Atlantic. The model is based on a collective analysis of the dynamics of 13 stock units (SUs) from two continental stock groups (CSGs) in North America and Southern Europe in a single hierarchical model over the period 1971–2014. The model sets up a new assessment framework for Atlantic salmon stocks. It also provides a framework to investigate the drivers of changes in Atlantic salmon population dynamics including disentangling the effects of fisheries from those of environmental factors in a hierarchy of spatial scales. It is used to test the hypothesis of a strong spatial synchrony in marine life history dynamics of Atlantic salmon populations. The trends in two key parameters associated with the early marine phase of the life cycle are estimated: (i) the marine survival during the first summer–autumn spent at sea and (ii) the proportion of fish maturing after the first winter at sea. The results provide evidence of a decline in the marine survival together with an increase in the proportion of fish that mature after the first winter at sea, common to all SUs. Our results show an increased coherence in the covariations of trends in these two marine life history traits related to geographic proximity of SUs which support the hypothesis of a coherent response of geographically proximate Atlantic salmon populations that likely share similar migration routes.
Examining forest resilience to changing fire frequency in a fire‐prone region of boreal forest
Authors: Hart Sarah J. , Henkelman Jonathan , McLoughlin Philip D. , Nielsen Scott E. , Truchon‐Savard Alexandre , Johnstone Jill F.
Published: December 2018

Future changes in climate are widely anticipated to increase fire frequency, particularly in boreal forests where extreme warming is expected to occur. Feedbacks between vegetation and fire may modify the direct effects of warming on fire activity and shape ecological responses to changing fire frequency. We investigate these interactions using extensive field data from the Boreal Shield of Saskatchewan, Canada, a region where >40% of the forest has burned in the past 30 years. We use geospatial and field data to assess the resistance and resilience of eight common vegetation states to frequent fire by quantifying the occurrence of short‐interval fires and their effect on recovery to a similar vegetation state. These empirical relationships are combined with data from published literature to parameterize a spatially explicit, state‐and‐transition simulation model of fire and forest succession. We use this model to ask if and how: (a) feedbacks between vegetation and wildfire may modify fire activity on the landscape, and (b) more frequent fire may affect landscape forest composition and age structure. Both field and GIS data suggest the probability of fire is low in the initial decades after fire, supporting the hypothesis that fuel accumulation may exert a negative feedback on fire frequency. Field observations of pre‐ and postfire composition indicate that switches in forest state are more likely in conifer stands that burn at a young age, supporting the hypothesis that resilience is lower in immature stands. Stands dominated by deciduous trees or jack pine were generally resilient to fire, while mixed conifer and well‐drained spruce forests were less resilient. However, simulation modeling suggests increased fire activity may result in large changes in forest age structure and composition, despite the feedbacks between vegetation–fire likely to occur with increased fire activity.
Divergent responses of Atlantic cod to ocean acidification and food limitation
Authors: Stiasny Martina H. , Sswat Michael , Mittermayer Felix H. , Falk‐Petersen Inger‐Britt , Schnell Nalani K. , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Mortensen Atle , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Clemmesen Catriona
Published: December 2018

In order to understand the effect of global change on marine fishes, it is imperative to quantify the effects on fundamental parameters such as survival and growth. Larval survival and recruitment of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were found to be heavily impaired by end‐of‐century levels of ocean acidification. Here, we analysed larval growth among 35–36 days old surviving larvae, along with organ development and ossification of the skeleton. We combined CO2 treatments (ambient: 503 µatm, elevated: 1,179 µatm) with food availability in order to evaluate the effect of energy limitation in addition to the ocean acidification stressor. As expected, larval size (as a proxy for growth) and skeletogenesis were positively affected by high food availability. We found significant interactions between acidification and food availability. Larvae fed ad libitum showed little difference in growth and skeletogenesis due to the CO2 treatment. Larvae under energy limitation were significantly larger and had further developed skeletal structures in the elevated CO2 treatment compared to the ambient CO2 treatment. However, the elevated CO2 group revealed impairments in critically important organs, such as the liver, and had comparatively smaller functional gills indicating a mismatch between size and function. It is therefore likely that individual larvae that had survived acidification treatments will suffer from impairments later during ontogeny. Our study highlights important allocation trade‐off between growth and organ development, which is critically important to interpret acidification effects on early life stages of fish.
Aesthetic practices of psychogeography and photography
Authors: Arnold Emma
Published: December 2018

Psychogeographic walking and urban photography as aesthetic practices are intuitive, sensory methods for exploring and capturing diverse facets of the city. Aesthetic practices are more than just sensory methods of exploration—they are also importantly connected to performing and making art. Using examples from a study on the aesthetic implications of zero tolerance policy against graffiti in Oslo, this paper considers what these methods reveal about the city. The paper argues that this methodology has potential for studying varied topics that might benefit from the unanticipated encounters that arise with psychogeography and the visual record produced with photography. Walking brings the researcher into contact with the materialities and rhythms of the city, allowing insight into its spatial and temporal variations. Encounters with these variations and materialities can reveal how urban space is used and by whom. The playful and artistic dimensions of these practices make them inductive and revelatory methods for studying the city. The paper concludes by suggesting that such practices encourage new ways of looking at the city and have potential for exploring the aesthetic politics of cities.
Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor: report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Batur Sebnem , Ozcan Kerem , Ozcan Gamze , Tosun Ilkay , Comunoglu Nil
Published: December 2018

Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently recognized, unique neoplasm with distinctive histomorphological features such as high pleomorphism, low mitotic rate, and diffuse CD34 reactivity. Hereby we present three cases of our experience with clinicopathological, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patients were a 31‐year‐old female, 53‐year‐old female, and 33‐year‐old male. The tumors were all superficially located; left forearm, medial aspect of the left ankle, and left thigh, respectively. Histomorphologically they had expansile and focal infiltrative growth pattern consisting of highly pleomorphic spindle cells with intranuclear inclusions, yet low mitotic rate. Tumoral cells showed strong and diffuse reactivity for CD34. One of our cases showed focal and weak reactivity for pancytokeratin. Unlike the other two tumors, one case was positive for desmin. During the clinical follow‐up, one case showed local recurrence four times. SCPFT is a newly recognized, borderline mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissues that can show local recurrence or even rarely metastasize. To the best of our knowledge, this three case series is the first to be reported from Turkey. Our aim to report these three cases was to make contribution to the literature about this rare entity and increase awareness.
A simple and effective method using macroporous resins for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinisation of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides
Authors: He Bao‐Lin , Guo Li‐Qiong , Zheng Qian‐Wang , Lin Shuo‐Xin , Lin Jun‐Fang , Wei Tao , Ye Zhi‐Wei
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to develop an effective one‐step decoloration and deproteinisation method using macroporous resin for Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP) extraction. Performances of different resins were compared, and the structures and bioactivities of CMP recovered using this one‐step method were evaluated and compared with traditional methods. The results showed that NKA‐9 resin exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for pigment and free protein than other tested resins. Under the optimised condition, NKA‐9 resin adsorption exhibited high decoloration ratio (80.69%), deproteinisation ratio (62.51%) and polysaccharide recovery ratio (78.08%). Furthermore spectroscopic analysis revealed that the structure of CMP remained unchanged after adsorption, but some reagent residues can be detected using traditional methods. Compared with traditional methods, the antioxidant activity of CMP extracted using a one‐step method was significantly higher, without negative impact on cell viability. Thus, this novel technique is a promising alternative method for CMP separation and purification.
Disparidades de género en Europa. Comparación de las condiciones laborales de hombres y mujeres asalariados
Authors: CASTELLANO Rosalia , ROCCA Antonella
Published: December 2018

Aunque el espectacular aumento de la participación laboral femenina en los últimos decenios se relaciona con cambios significativos en las oportunidades económicas de la mujer, las disparidades laborales de género persisten en muchas formas. Este artículo evalúa si las mayores diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo europeos están directamente relacionadas con las malas condiciones económicas. Con este fin, se actualizan los resultados de un indicador compuesto diseñado por las autoras en un estudio anterior y se construyen tres nuevos indicadores compuestos que arrojan clasificaciones de las condiciones laborales de hombres y mujeres por separado, y de la brecha de género.
La migración interna y el acceso al primer empleo. Estudio de caso sobre Uganda
Authors: BOUTIN Delphine
Published: December 2018

¿La migración interna agiliza la entrada al mercado laboral? Se analiza aquí cuánto tardan en conseguir el primer empleo los jóvenes migrantes y no migrantes en Uganda, desde tres puntos de partida: fecha de nacimiento, edad mínima de admisión al empleo y fin de estudios. Conforme al modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, los migrantes tardan menos, pero las diferencias significativas desaparecen al excluir a quienes realizaron trabajo infantil o al medir el lapso entre estudios y trabajo. Al descomponer las diferencias se aprecia la importancia de factores observables y no observables relativos a la zona de procedencia, el género y el acceso a la educación.
Science, scale and the frontier of governing mobile marine species
Authors: Havice Elizabeth , Campbell Lisa M. , Braun Amy
Published: December 2018

Marine turtles have complex life histories and make expansive migrations over their long lifetimes, often through multiple states’ exclusive economic zones and areas beyond national jurisdiction. This complexity makes it difficult to “know” marine turtles and presents jurisdictional mismatches for existing state and inter‐state bodies that govern turtles. This paper examines how scientists tasked with assessing marine turtles for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species have used their scientific expertise to make marine turtles legible for governance, including by rescaling the Red List assessment process to include both global and regional levels. We find that in this rescaling project, marine turtle scientists have created two new objects of governance: spatially bounded “regional management units” and the scientists themselves, who have begun to sort themselves and their work around the new spatial units in the interest of generating progress in ocean conservation. More broadly, the story of the IUCN Red List process for sea turtles turns attention to the work of science and scientists in making oceans resources legible, and therefore governable, even when they defy the boundaries of state‐led regulatory bodies or jurisdictional spaces.
Effect of maternal obesity on fetal and postnatal baboon (Papio species) early life phenotype
Authors: Li Cun , Jenkins Susan , Considine McKenna M. , Cox Laura A. , Gerow Kenneth G. , Huber Hillary F. , Nathanielsz Peter W.
Published: December 2018

Background

Non‐human primate models of developmental programming by maternal obesity (MO) are needed for translation to human programming outcomes. We present baboon offspring (F1) morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from 0.9 gestation to 0‐2 years.

Methods

Control mothers ate chow; MO mothers ate high‐fat high‐energy diet pre‐pregnancy through lactation.

Results

Maternal obesity mothers weighed more than controls pre‐pregnancy. Maternal obesity gestational weight gain was lower with no correlation with fetal or placenta weights. At 0.9 gestation, MO and control F1 morphometry and ACTH were similar. MO‐F1 0.9 gestation male cortisol was lower, rising slower from 0‐2 years vs control‐F1. At birth, male MO‐F1 and control‐F1 weights were similar, but growth from 0‐2 years was steeper in MO‐F1; newborn female MO‐F1 weighed more than control‐F1 but growth from 0‐2 years was similar. ACTH did not change in either sex.

Conclusions

Maternal obesity produced sexually dimorphic fetal and postnatal growth and hormonal phenotypes.
Satisfaction With Work–Family Balance Mediates the Relationship Between Workplace Social Support and Depression Among Hospice Nurses
Authors: Barnett Michael D. , Martin Kelly J. , Garza Caitlin J.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support (from personal and workplace sources) and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms), as well as to examine the mediating role of satisfaction with work–family balance among hospice nurses.

Design and Method

A cross‐sectional study design was utilized with a sample of 90 hospice nurses from the southern United States. Participants completed online surveys, including (a) the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‐21), (b) loosely adapted items from the Affectivity, Burnout, and Absenteeism Scales, and (c) Satisfaction with Work–Family Balance Scale.

Findings

Workplace social support, not personal social support, was associated with lower psychological distress, and satisfaction with work–family balance mediated the relationship between workplace social support and depression symptoms, a component of psychological distress.

Conclusions

Hospice nurses’ social support in the workplace and their satisfaction with the balance between their work and family lives play a role in supporting their mental health.

Clinical Relevance

Hospice nurses may benefit from programs fostering the creation of workplace‐based interpersonal relationships.
Recognizing Native Ads as Advertising: Attitudinal and Behavioral Consequences
Authors: An Soontae , Kerr Gayle , Jin Hyun Seung
Published: December 2018

This study assessed consumers' initial reactions to in‐feed native ads appearing as news content. In particular, it focuses on consumers' recognition of advertising when they realize that content they had thought were news stories had in fact been advertising. Recognition of advertising made consumers infer that advertisers had deliberately manipulated them. Consequently, consumers engaged less with the message, had less positive attitudes toward the brand, and were less likely to purchase and share. The results demonstrated the mechanisms through which the two mediators, manipulative intent and message engagement, lowered brand attitude, purchase intention, and sharing intention. In addition, ad disclosure made more people recognize the ad when they were exposed to it than when it was not disclosed as an ad.
Writing about life story chapters increases self‐esteem: Three experimental studies
Authors: Steiner Kristina L. , Pillemer David B. , Thomsen Dorthe Kirkegaard
Published: December 2018

Objective

The purpose of the present three studies was to examine experimentally whether writing about life story chapters would increase self‐esteem, self‐concept clarity, and meaning.

Method

In study 1, 179 participants rated state self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity before and after they described either four important life story chapters or four famous Americans. In study 2, 141 new participants completed a similar procedure to study 1 and then returned two days later to complete the procedure a second time. In study 3, 101 community dwelling adults completed a similar procedure to study 1, but responded to full scales measuring self‐concept clarity, self‐esteem, and mood.

Results

In all the studies, writing about four important life story chapters increased the ratings of self‐esteem, whereas writing about four famous Americans did not.

Conclusion

The studies show that writing about chapters in life stories can increase self‐esteem and suggest that constructing positive self‐worth may be an important function of life stories.
Racial rent differences in U.S. housing markets: Evidence from the housing voucher program
Authors: Early Dirk W. , Carrillo Paul E. , Olsen Edgar O.
Published: December 2018

This paper exploits an unusually rich data set to estimate racial differences in the rents paid for identical housing in the same neighborhood in U.S. housing markets and to show how they vary with neighborhood racial composition. Results suggest that black households pay more for identical housing in identical neighborhoods than their white counterparts and that this rent gap increases with the fraction of the neighborhood white. In neighborhoods with the smallest fraction white, the premium is about 0.6%. In neighborhoods with the largest fraction white, it is about 2.4%. This pattern holds across different types of areas.
Green cities? Urbanization, trade, and the environment
Authors: Borck Rainald , Pflüger Michael
Published: December 2018

Is urbanization good for the environment? This paper establishes a simple core–periphery model with monocentric cities, which comprises key forces that shape the structure and interrelation of cities to study the impact of the urban evolution on the environment. We focus on global warming and the potential of unfettered market forces to economize on emissions. The model parameters are chosen to match the dichotomy between average “large” and “small” cities in the urban geography of the United States, and the sectoral greenhouse gas emissions recorded for the United States. Based on numerical analyzes we find that a forced switch to a system with equally sized cities reduces total emissions. Second, any city driver which pronounces the asymmetry between the core and the periphery drives up emissions in the total city system, too, and the endogenous adjustment of the urban system accounts for the bulk of the change in emissions. Third, none of the city drivers gives rise to an urban environmental Kuznets curve according to our numerical simulations. Finally, the welfare‐maximizing allocation tends to involve dispersion of cities and the more so the higher is the marginal damage from pollution.
The combined effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene and citral suppressed postharvest grey mould of tomato fruit by inhibiting the growth of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Shenglong Du , Jihong Zhang , Shaoyang Chen , Shuang Ma , Li Zeng
Published: December 2018

1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP, 1 μl/L) and 1 × minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) citral alone and in combination were used to treat on postharvest tomato fruits to investigate their influence on disease incidence and postharvest quality during fruit storage, which were stored at 90%–95% relative humidity and 25 ± 2°C. Weight loss, pH, hue angle (Hue°), total soluble solid (TSS), ascorbic acid content, firmness and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated after each storage period. 1 μl/L 1‐MCP or 1 × MFC citral reduced weight loss, retarded peel colour changes and retained postharvest fruit quality. 1 μl/L 1‐MCP + 1 × MFC citral could better maintain firmness and ascorbic acid content and increase antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to other treatments. Disease incidence of tomato fruit was significantly decreased, and spore germination and mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea were suppressed by the combined treatment with 1 μl/L 1‐MCP and 1 × MFC citral. These results indicate that the combined treatment could effectively delay postharvest tomato fruits senescence and inhibit postharvest pathogens in vitro.
Core competencies for nurses in Chinese intensive care units: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wei Wanrui , Niu Yunchao , Ge Xiaohua
Published: December 2018

Background

Core competencies of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses were defined as the essential capability to influence patient safety and interdisciplinary collaboration; however, there has been no research conducted that relates to core competencies of ICU nurses at Chinese tertiary‐A hospitals in Shanghai.

Aims and objectives

To investigate the current state of core competencies and the factors that influence this key capability in ICU nurses in Chinese tertiary‐A hospitals.

Design

This was a multicentre, cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A convenient sampling method was used to investigate 451 ICU nurses at five tertiary‐A hospitals in Shanghai. Data were collected using self‐administered questionnaires.

Results

The core competencies of ICU nurses were above average, and the scores of seven dimensions, ranked from first to last, were medical ethics, clinical practice, nurse–nurse co‐operation, assessment and decision‐making, personal and professional development, teaching and research and nurse–physician co‐operation. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the factors exerting an influence on the core competencies of ICU nurses were title, role incumbent and ICU department.

Conclusion

This study showed an above‐average level of core competencies among ICU nurses in tertiary‐A hospitals in Shanghai; however, competencies related to nurse–physician co‐operation and the translation of research into practice were underdeveloped.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nursing managers should implement targeted interventions to improve nurse–physician co‐operation and translate research into practice competencies, such as high‐fidelity simulation, inter‐professional education, scientific research training and innovative skills tutorials. Moreover, this study demonstrated the influencing factors that can be used to improve core competences of ICU nurses.
Dynamical behavior of fractional‐order energy‐saving and emission‐reduction system and its discretization
Authors: Chen Zhijing , Liu Wenjun
Published: December 2018

This paper attempts to explore dynamical behavior and mathematical properties of the three‐dimensional fractional‐order energy‐saving and emission‐reduction system. Theoretically, the conditions of local stability of fractional‐order system's equilibrium points are obtained. Numerical investigations on the dynamics of this system are carried out, and the existence of the asymptotically stable attractor is found. Combined with the fractional‐order subsystem, we discuss the relationship between energy‐saving and emission‐reduction and economic growth, and carbon emissions and economic growth. Furthermore, we discretize the fractional‐order system and give necessary and sufficient conditions of its stabilization. It is shown that the stability of the discretization system is impacted by the system's fractional parameter. Numerical simulations show the richer dynamical behavior of the fractional‐order system and verify the theoretical results.

Recommendations for Resource Managers

The impact of carbon emissions on economic growth is one of the main reasons for energy‐saving and emission‐reduction.

Control measures on people's low‐carbon life through government intervention are required to protect the natural environment.

New energy‐saving and emission‐reduction technologies should be implemented to achieve sustainable social and economic development.
Left ventricular endocardial pacing in the real world: Five years of experience at a single center
Authors: García Guerrero Juan J. , Fernández de la Concha Castañeda Joaquín , Doblado Calatrava Manuel , Redondo Méndez Ángel , Lázaro Medrano Manuel , Merchán Herrera Antonio
Published: December 2018

Background

A left ventricular (LV) endocardial lead implant to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is feasible when a conventional implant failed due to anatomical or technical issues or when the venous implant was performed but the patient did not respond to the therapy.

Methods

Data about the implantation procedure (age, sex, clinical characteristics, anticoagulant use, and previous devices), patient characteristics (indication, technique used, lead model, complications), and follow‐up (clinical and echocardiographic outcome, LV lead electrical measurements) were analyzed for all CRT systems implanted using LV endocardial lead, due to failed conventional implant or nonresponse, between April 2011 and November 2016.

Results

Thirty‐five patients were implanted with an active fixation LV endocardial lead during the study period, without significant complications. There were no dislodgements or severe complications related to the implant procedure in the follow‐up period (36 ± 20 months) and a high percentage of patients responded to therapy, as assessed by several indicators.

Conclusions

An LV endocardial lead implant was feasible when the conventional technique had previously failed or was not effective. A high rate of response was achieved without any significant complications.
Discrete emotions linking abusive supervision to employee intention and behavior
Authors: Peng Ann Chunyan , M. Schaubroeck John , Chong Sinhui , Li Yuhui
Published: December 2018

Drawing on appraisal theories of discrete emotions, we propose and test a model in which abusive supervision directed toward oneself and toward work unit peers (coworker abusive supervision) are interactively related to generalized feelings of shame, anger, and fear. These discrete emotions, in turn, tend to precipitate distinct responses that do not directly target the supervisor. We tested our hypotheses with a three‐wave, time‐lagged survey of 285 full‐time workers from 55 work units. Consistent with our theorizing, supervisory abuse was associated with stronger feelings of shame while at work when the abusive supervision reported by one's coworkers was lower (vs. higher), whereas abuse had a stronger association with anger when coworkers also perceived relatively high levels of abuse. The distinct action tendencies associated with shame and anger are related to employees engaging in less voice behavior and more interpersonal deviance, respectively, and fear is related to higher turnover intentions. We discuss the study's implications for theory development concerning abusive supervision.
Chicago Public School nurses examine barriers to school asthma care coordination
Authors: Pappalardo Andrea A. , Paulson Allison , Bruscato Robin , Thomas Leretha , Minier Mark , Martin Molly A.
Published: December 2018

Objective/Design

Well documented asthma disparities in Chicago pose a continual challenge for the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). Coordinated Healthcare for Complex Kids (CHECK) is a health care demonstration project funded by a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health Care Innovation Award. A collaborative partnership was formed between CHECK and CPS. With CHECK support, CPS administered a survey to 160 nurses to understand the asthma problems nurses perceived and interest in intervention.

Results

Seventy‐five per cent (n = 120) completed the survey. While asthma was the top diagnosis managed by 95%, 72% reported gaps in asthma understanding. Appropriate communication between school nurses and providers occurred 33% of the time; 18% believed they received sufficient support to follow‐up on deficient paperwork. The barriers mentioned were lack of medications (73%), time (67%), and communication with providers (61%). When asked their opinions on potential interventions, 78% of nurses supported web‐based applications, 66% community health workers (CHW), and 66% stock albuterol in schools.

Conclusions

The greatest barriers for CPS nurses with asthma management are time and communication. Potential interventions such as web‐based communication applications and CHW in schools were well received.
What Mechanisms Underlie Implicit Statistical Learning? Transitional Probabilities Versus Chunks in Language Learning
Authors: Perruchet Pierre
Published: December 2018

In a prior review, Perrruchet and Pacton (2006) noted that the literature on implicit learning and the more recent studies on statistical learning focused on the same phenomena, namely the domain‐general learning mechanisms acting in incidental, unsupervised learning situations. However, they also noted that implicit learning and statistical learning research favored different interpretations, focusing on the selection of chunks and the computation of transitional probabilities aimed at discovering chunk boundaries, respectively. This paper examines the state of the debate 12 years later. The link between contrasting theories and their historical roots has disappeared, but a number of studies were aimed at contrasting the predictions of these two approaches. Overall, these studies strongly question the still prevalent account based on the statistical computation of pairwise associations. Various chunk‐based models provide much better predictions in a number of experimental situations. However, these models rely on very different conceptual frameworks, as illustrated by a comparison between Bayesian models of word segmentation, PARSER, and a connectionist model (TRACX).
Comparative analysis of the reactive oxygen species‐producing enzymatic activity of Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases
Authors: Kaya Hidetaka , Takeda Seiji , Kobayashi Masaki J. , Kimura Sachie , Iizuka Ayako , Imai Aya , Hishinuma Haruka , Kawarazaki Tomoko , Mori Kyoichiro , Yamamoto Yuta , Murakami Yuki , Nakauchi Ayuko , Abe Mitsutomo , Kuchitsu Kazuyuki
Published: December 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases, called respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs), play crucial roles in development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. Arabidopsis has 10 Rboh genes, AtRbohA to AtRbohJ. Five AtRbohs (AtRbohC, ‐D, ‐F, ‐H and ‐J) are synergistically activated by Ca2+‐binding and protein phosphorylation to produce ROS that play various roles in planta, although the activities of the other Rbohs remain unknown. With a heterologous expression system, we found a range of ROS‐producing activity among the AtRbohs with differences up to 100 times, indicating that the required amounts of ROS are different in each situation where AtRbohs act. To specify the functions of AtRbohs involved in cell growth, we focused on AtRbohC, ‐H and ‐J, which are involved in tip growth of root hairs or pollen tubes. Ectopic expression of the root hair factor AtRbohC/ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 (RHD2) in pollen tubes restored the atrbohH atrbohJ defects in tip growth of pollen tubes. However, expression of AtRbohH or ‐J in root hairs did not complement the tip growth defect in the atrbohC/rhd2 mutant. Our data indicate that Rbohs possess different ranges of enzymatic activity, and that some Rbohs have evolved to carry specific functions in cell growth.
A toolbox for the immunomagnetic purification of signaling organelles
Authors: Fritsch Jürgen , Tchikov Vladimir , Hennig Lena , Lucius Ralph , Schütze Stefan
Published: December 2018

Homeostasis and the complex functions of organisms and cells rely on the sophisticated spatial and temporal regulation of signaling in different intra‐ and extracellular compartments and via different mediators. We here present a set of fast and easy to use protocols for the target‐specific immunomagnetic enrichment of receptor containing endosomes (receptosomes), plasma membranes, lysosomes and exosomes. Isolation of subcellular organelles and exosomes is prerequisite for and will advance their detailed subsequent biochemical and functional analysis. Sequential application of the different subprotocols allows isolation of morphological and functional intact organelles from one pool of cells. The enrichment is based on a selective labelling using receptor ligands or antibodies together with superparamagnetic microbeads followed by separation in a patented matrix‐free high‐gradient magnetic purification device. This unique magnetic chamber is based on a focusing system outside of the empty separation column, generating an up to 3 T high‐gradient magnetic field focused at the wall of the column.