bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bionanocomposite MIL-100(Fe)/Cellulose as a high-performance adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue
Authors: Abbasi Shahla , Nezafat Zahra , Javanshir Shahrzad , Aghabarari Behzad
Published: June 2024

World production of dyes is estimated at more than 800,000 t·yr−1. The purpose of this research falls within the scope of the choice of an effective, local, and inexpensive adsorbent to remove dyes from wastewater. Adsorptive elimination of dyes by commonly accessible adsorbents is inefficient. The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an important class of porous materials offering exceptional properties as adsorbents by improving separation efficiency compared to existing commercial adsorbents. However, its powder form limits its applications. One way to overcome this problem is to trap them in a flexible matrix to form a hierarchical porous composite. Therefore, in this work, we prepared MIL-100 (Fe) embedded in a cellulose matrix named MIL-100(Fe)/Cell, and used it as an adsorbent of methylene blue (MB) dye. According to the BET analysis, the specific surface area of the synthesized MOF is 294 m2/g which is related to the presence of the cellulose as efficient and green support. The structure of this composite is approximately hexagonal. Adsorption was studied as a function of contact time, adsorbent mass and pollutant load (concentration), and pH, and the effect of each of them on absorption efficiency was optimized. The MIL-100(Fe)/Cell was capable of removing 98.94% of MB dye with an initial concentration of 150 mg/L within 10 min at pH = 6.5 and room temperature. The obtained maximum adsorption capacity was 384.615 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm is consistent with the Langmuir models. The mechanism of MB adsorption proceeds through п-п and electrostatic interactions.
Extended supercooled storage of red blood cells
Authors: Isiksacan Ziya , William Nishaka , Senturk Rahime , Boudreau Luke , Wooning Celine , Castellanos Emily , Isiksacan Salih , Yarmush Martin L. , Acker Jason P. , Usta O. Berk
Published: June 2024

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions facilitate many life-saving acute and chronic interventions. Transfusions are enabled through the gold-standard hypothermic storage of RBCs. Today, the demand for RBC units is unfulfilled, partially due to the limited storage time, 6 weeks, in hypothermic storage. This time limit stems from high metabolism-driven storage lesions at +1-6 °C. A recent and promising alternative to hypothermic storage is the supercooled storage of RBCs at subzero temperatures, pioneered by our group. Here, we report on long-term supercooled storage of human RBCs at physiological hematocrit levels for up to 23 weeks. Specifically, we assess hypothermic RBC additive solutions for their ability to sustain supercooled storage. We find that a commercially formulated next-generation solution (Erythro-Sol 5) enables the best storage performance and can form the basis for further improvements to supercooled storage. Our analyses indicate that oxidative stress is a prominent time- and temperature-dependent injury during supercooled storage. Thus, we report on improved supercooled storage of RBCs at −5 °C by supplementing Erythro-Sol 5 with the exogenous antioxidants, resveratrol, serotonin, melatonin, and Trolox. Overall, this study shows the long-term preservation potential of supercooled storage of RBCs and establishes a foundation for further improvement toward clinical translation.
Onset of Mid-Pleistocene glaciation in the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis
Authors: Wang Ping , Hu Gang , Wang Huiying , Ge Yukui , Ma Yan , Yu Ziying , Wang Xin , Fox Matthew
Published: June 2024

The Tibetan Plateau contains the largest numbers of glaciers outside the polar regions, yet the initiation times of glacial advances remain unclear. The potential relics of original moraines might be preserved in the sedimentary basins. Here, we present sedimentological and geochronological data from five boreholes located upstream of the Tsangpo Gorge, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. Our findings reveal that fluvial sediment accumulation began over 2.5 million of years ago due to enhanced rock uplift downstream, and extensive glacial advances occurred after ~0.75 million of years. Notably, the earliest extensive glacial advance (~0.75 million of years) is considerably younger than the formation of the Tsangpo Gorge (>2.5 million of years). Following the initiation of this glacial advance, the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis experienced rapid exhumation of approximately 1.3–1.6 kilometers. Such geomorphological processes and exhumation history suggest that rock uplift, rather than glacial damming, played a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of the knickpoints on the southeastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau.
Hypothermic and cryogenic preservation of cardiac tissue-engineered constructs
Authors: Janssen Jasmijn , Chirico Nino , Ainsworth Madison J. , Cedillo-Servin Gerardo , Viola Martina , Dokter Inge , Vermonden Tina , Doevendans Pieter A. , Serra Margarida , Voets Ilja K. , Malda Jos , Castilho Miguel , van Laake Linda W. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Sampaio-Pinto Vasco , van Mil Alain
Published: June 2024

This study is the first to preserve cardiac tissue engineered constructs with encapsulated iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes under hypothermic- and cryogenic conditions.
Computationally-accelerated prediction of polyester-melamine coatings degradation to design sustainable organically-coated steels for outdoor applications
Authors: Batchelor Chris , Martin-Martinez Francisco J. , Griffiths Chris , Mabbett Ian , Smith James , Jewell Eifion
Published: June 2024

The study combines computational chemical modelling and practical weathering investigations, finding that computational analysis matches real-world weathering degradation across all investigated areas in a much shorter time than weathering tests.
A co-assembly process for high strength and injectable dual network gels with sustained doxorubicin release performance
Authors: Zhao Chengcheng , Wang Yanyao , Li Mingtao , Wang Lin , Lou Shuwen , Shi Bofang , Rao Yongfang , Yan Wei , Yang Honghui
Published: June 2024

Adopting a non-covalent co-assembly strategy shows great potential in loading drugs efficiently and safely in drug delivery systems.
Green synthesized nano silica: foliar and soil application provides drought endurance in Eleucine coracana
Authors: Wahi Diksha , Bisht Komal , Gautam Sneh , Salvi Prafull , Lohani Pushpa
Published: June 2024

SiNPs mitigate drought stress in Eleucine coracana by improving its morpho-physiological attributes. SiNPs improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic potential of the plant by boosting its drought tolerance ability.
Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis: simultaneous degradation of multiple pollutants with bismuth oxyhalide solid solutions
Authors: Pérez del Pulgar Helena , Ortiz-Bustos Josefa , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago , del Hierro Isabel , Pérez Yolanda
Published: June 2024

BiOCl0.9I0.1 and BiOBr0.9I0.1 solid solutions as promising efficient and robust photocatalysts for the concurrent and simultaneous removal of contaminants.
Resolving decades of debate: the surprising role of high-temperature covalency in the structure of liquid gallium
Authors: Lambie Stephanie , Steenbergen Krista G. , Gaston Nicola
Published: June 2024

Covalent bonding disappears in Ga upon melting, but returns at higher temperature, helping resolve 30 years of conflicting theories regarding the structure of this anomalous metal and suggesting an entropic cause for the low melting temperature.
Smart photopharmacological agents: LaVO4:Eu3+@vinyl phosphonate combining luminescence imaging and photoswitchable butyrylcholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Bikbaeva Gulia , Pilip Anna , Egorova Anastasiya , Medvedev Vasiliy , Mamonova Daria , Pankin Dmitrii , Kalinichev Alexey , Mayachkina Natalya , Bakina Lyudmila , Kolesnikov Ilya , Leuchs Gerd , Manshina Alina
Published: June 2024

The first hybrid LaVO4:Eu3+@vinyl phosphonate nanomaterial with a possibility of spatial visualization in addition to photoswitchable and bioactive properties.
Mechanisms of photoisomerization of the prenylated flavin mononucleotide cofactor: a theoretical study
Authors: Panajapo Pannipa , Promma Phorntep , Sagarik Kritsana
Published: June 2024

The enzymatic decarboxylation of α,β-unsaturated acids using the ferulic acid decarboxylase enzyme and prenylated flavin mononucleotide cofactor is a potential, environmentally friendly reaction for the biosynthesis of styrene and its derivatives.
Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for monitoring the persistent organic pollutants chlorophenols
Authors: Kamel Ayman H. , Abd-Rabboh Hisham S. M. , Hefnawy A.
Published: June 2024

Because of the serious risks they pose to the environment and public health, chlorophenols (CPs), a typical class of the most persistent organic pollutants, have drawn increasing attention.
Disrupting redox homeostasis for tumor therapy based on PDT/chemo/ferroptosis therapeutic hybrid liposomes
Authors: Huang Yuanping , Liu Hongsen , Zhao Yanfei , Chen Haoran , Li Qiqing , Li Xiaodan , Hua Shucheng , Cao Dianbo , Chang Yulei
Published: June 2024

Synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) with other therapeutic modalities can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of tumor treatment and reduce the adverse effects associated with drug leakage and off-target accumulation.
Selectivity descriptors of the catalytic n-hexane cracking process over 10-membered ring zeolites
Authors: Ma Pandong , Zhou Hexun , Li Yubing , Wang Mengheng , Nastase Stefan Adrian F. , Zhu Mengsi , Cui Jiale , Cavallo Luigi , Cheng Kang , Dutta Chowdhury Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Zeolite-mediated catalytic cracking of alkanes is pivotal in the petrochemical and refining industry, breaking down heavier hydrocarbon feedstocks into fuels and chemicals.
Synthetic and analytical considerations for the preparation of amorphous metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Shaw Emily V. , Chester Ashleigh M. , Robertson Georgina P. , Castillo-Blas Celia , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: June 2024

Amorphous MOFs (aMOFs) are often prepared through introducing disorder to crystalline frameworks. This perspective aims to introduce directly synthesised aMOFs, expanding on synthetic methods, characterisation techniques and potential properties.
Advances in block copolymer-phospholipid hybrid vesicles: from physical–chemical properties to applications
Authors: Brodszkij Edit , Städler Brigitte
Published: June 2024

This tutorial review gives an overview over the different lipid – block copolymer hybrid vesicle designs, and provides a detailed analysis of their properties. It puts emphasis on their application in bottom-up synthetic biology.
Unveiling the recent advances in micro-electrode materials and configurations for sodium-ion micro-batteries
Authors: Moghadami Mina , Massoudi Abouzar , Nangir Mahya
Published: June 2024

The recent advances in portable and smart devices require modern microelectronics to be miniaturized, leading to the need for small, lightweight, reliable, and on-chip integrated energy storage systems like rechargeable micro-batteries (μBs).
Strong anharmonicity and medium-temperature thermoelectric efficiency in antiperovskite Ca3XN (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) compounds
Authors: Lin Shuyao , Yue Jincheng , Ren Wenling , Shen Chen , Zhang Hongbin
Published: June 2024

The comprehensive investigation of transport properties and thermoelectric performance of APV compounds within Ca3XN family, which maintain promising thermoelectric properties in both high- and medium-T ranges, along with abnormal T-dependent κL.
Enhanced peroxymonosulfate-mediated photocatalytic pesticide degradation by a novel stable multi-metal ferrite (Mg, Cu, Fe) anchored on g-C3N4
Authors: Taghilou Samaneh , Mehrasbi Mohammad Reza , Esrafili Ali , Dehghanifard Emad , Kermani Majid , Kakavandi Babak , Giannakis Stefanos
Published: June 2024

Herein, an innovative assembly of multi-metal ferrite nanoparticles, MgCuFe2O4, was anchored on a g-C3N4 surface to improve the degradation efficiency of 2,4-D over a visible-light-assisted peroxymonosulfate activation system.
The role of halogens in structural diversity and chirality enhancement of 1D chiral hybrid metal halides
Authors: Zhang Jing-Meng , Han Xiang-Bin , Wang Wei , Jin Ming-Liang , Jing Chang-Qing , Chai Chao-Yang , Liu Cheng-Dong , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2024

This work establishes a model system for understanding the relationships between halogens and structural diversity as well as between the helicity and chiroptical activity.
AXES-SDSS: Comparison of SDSS galaxy groups with all-sky X-ray extended sources
Authors: Damsted S. , Finoguenov A. , Lietzen H. , Mamon G. A. , Comparat J. , Tempel E. , Dmitrieva I. , Clerc N. , Collins C. , Gozaliasl G. , Eckert D.
Published: June 2024

Context. Advances in cosmological studies require us to improve our understanding of the baryonic content of galaxy groups. The key baryonic components of groups are galaxies and hot gas, while key non-baryonic mass tracers are the velocity dispersion of galaxies and the distribution of galaxies within the group.

Aims. We revisit the picture of X-ray emission of groups through the study of systematic differences in the optical properties of groups, with and without X-ray emission, and we study the effect of the large-scale density field on scaling relations.

Methods. We present the identification of X-ray galaxy groups using a combination of ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. We include a new X-ray reanalysis of RASS, covering very extended (up to a size of half a degree) sources, and we account for differences in the limiting sensitivity with respect to compact and very extended X-ray emission. We applied a screening of the identified X-ray sources, based on the optical properties, to achieve 95% clean catalogues. We used a mock SDSS survey to understand the performance of our FoF group finder and applied the CLEAN algorithm to revise group mass estimates and achieve a clean membership catalogue.

Results. X-ray groups exhibit less scatter in the scaling relations and selecting the groups based on the extended X-ray emission leads to an additional scatter reduction. Most of the scatter for the optical groups is associated with a small (6%) fraction of outliers, primarily associated with low optical-luminosity groups found in dense regions of the cosmic web. These groups are primary candidates for the contaminants in the optical group catalogues. We find that removing only those groups from the optical group sample using optically measured properties leads to a substantial reduction in the scatter of the scaling relations of the optical groups. We report a dependence of both the X-ray and optical luminosity of groups on large-scale density, which we associate with the assembly bias. These results motivate an introduction of an additional characterization of galaxy clusters and shed light on the physical origin of anomalous clustering of galaxy clusters, found by the Dark Energy Survey (DES).
Multiple-scale gas infall through gravity torques on Milky Way twins
Authors: da Silva Patrícia , Combes Françoise
Published: June 2024

One of the main problems raised by the feeding of super-massive black holes (SMBHs) at the centres of galaxies is the huge angular momentum of the circumnuclear gas and of the gas reservoir in the galaxy disk. Because viscous torques are not efficient at kiloparsec or 100 pc scales, the angular momentum must be exchanged through gravity torques that arise from the non-axisymmetric patterns in the disks. Our goal here is to quantify the efficiency of bars and spirals in driving the gas towards the centre at different scales in galaxies. We selected a sample of nearby galaxies considered to be analogues of the Milky Way, that is, galaxies of late morphological type Sbc. Their bar strength was variable, either SB, or SAB, or SA, so that we were able to quantify the influence of the bar. The gravitational potential was computed from deprojected red images, either from Hubble Space Telescope or Legacy survey, depending on the spatial resolution and field of view considered. The torques were computed on the gas through CO emission maps from ALMA at different resolutions. Hα maps from MUSE were used, when available. Eight out of ten galaxies are barred. The torques are found to be negative in the eight barred objects at kiloparsec scales, between corotation and the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR), with a loss of angular momentum in a few rotations. Inside the ILR, the torques are negative in only five cases, with a timescale of one to two rotations. The torques are positive for the galaxies without bars. The torques applied on the ionized gas are comparable to what is deduced from molecular gas. The bars are confirmed to be the essential pattern in the SMBH feeding at kiloparsec and 100 pc scales; higher-resolution gas maps are required to explore scales of 10 pc.
Probing the distinct chemical history of the Milky Way halo and old thick disk through HESP-GOMPA survey
Authors: Saraf Pallavi , Sivarani Thirupathi , Bandyopadhyay Avrajit
Published: June 2024

Recent studies of the time-resolved Milky Way formation using asteroseismology have shown that thick disk stars could be very old (0.8 Gyr after the Big Bang, even older than the inner halo). Additionally, thick disk stars are expected to have formed from a mixed gas and offer a better site to study the chemical enrichment history. Here, we present abundance trends for about 65 metal-poor stars (•3.1 < [Fe/H] < •1.8) that are kinematically separated into thick disk, and halo, observed with the HESP spectrograph installed at HCT telescope. The sample includes 40 newly identified stars combined with 25 stars from an earlier HESP-GOMPA survey and a compilation from literature. Generally, thick disk stars show less scatter than the halo stars. The abundance trend in [Mg/Fe] as a function of metallicity remains flat for thick disk stars, indicating similar enrichment history and well-mixed ISM with only massive star contribution, whereas the halo stars show a large scatter and a declining trend in [Mg/Fe] as a function of metallicity. The [Eu/Mg] trend show a mildly increasing trend indicating some delay in the production of Eu as compared to Mg, in both halo and the thick disk stars. The scatter in the abundance trend is larger in the halo as compared to thick disk stars, indicating that the halo is formed from accretion of multiple stellar systems.
Note on quasi-optimal error estimates for the pressure for shear-thickening fluids
Authors: Kaltenbach Alex , Růžička Michael
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we derive quasi-optimal a priori error estimates for the kinematic pressure for a Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) approximation of steady systems of p-Navier–Stokes type in the case of shear-thickening, i.e., p > 2, imposing a new Muckenhoupt regularity condition on the viscosity of the fluid, which is mild in the two-dimensional case but potentially restrictive in the three-dimensional case.
Multi-DC commutation safety and system stability coordination control evaluation method
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Huang Xifang , Xu Guang
Published: June 2024

Due to the influence of multiple DC commutation failure after AC failure and stable interaction of system frequency, voltage and power Angle, the operation control of power grid is greatly difficult. The control scenario of multi-feed DC commutation failure or system instability is constructed, the comprehensive control performance cost ratio index of emergency control measures to the safety of multi-turn DC commutation and system stability is proposed, and the search method of coordinated control strategy based on global optimal is developed to avoid the risk of chain failure caused by negative control effects. The evaluation of control search path and control target after joint optimization is realized, which is conducive to the construction of system-level defense method and improves the adaptability of strategy.
Characteristics of Coal Dust Deposition in Boiler Tail Gas Pipelines
Authors: Liu Hui quan , Wang Liu , Lu Hao
Published: June 2024

Coal dust deposition in boiler tail gas pipelines can significantly affect boilers’ thermal and energy efficiency. This study investigates the deposition characteristics of coal dust particles in boiler tail gas tubes in variable cross-section tubes. Numerical simulations were performed using the Reynolds Stress Model and the Discrete Particle Model. User-defined functions coding is used to construct the particle deposition model in the particle deposition model. The study analyses the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy locations in the gradient tube, compares the distribution of particle deposition on its wall, and concludes that the deposition distribution of coal dust particles in the gradient tube is slightly different for different particle sizes. Smaller particles have a higher deposition efficiency in equal cross-section pipes than larger particles. Particle size also has a significant effect on pipe taper and expansion. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for optimising the design of boiler tail gas pipelines, improving energy efficiency, and reducing environmental pollution.
Healing porosity cavities in a 300 mm thickness continuous casting slab by mechanical heavy reduction
Authors: Zhen Xingang , Liu Jiaming , Jiang Min , Guo Jia , Wang Xinhua
Published: June 2024

This work conducted an exploring study to minimize porosity cavities in a 300 mm × 2000 mm slab by mechanical heavy reduction when it has solidified. Real density measurements of slab samples indicated that, with a heavy reduction of 20 mm to slab after behind its solidification end, slab center was much denser and much more consistent. Porosity volumes at 1/4 and 1/2 width regions of slab were minimized from 5.19 × 10−4 cm3/g to 1.29 × 10−4 cm3/g and from 2.27 × 10−4 cm3/g to 1.05 × 10−4 cm3/g, respectively. Original Position Statistical-Distribution Analysis (OPA) of larger sampled slabs indicated that the heavy reduction was efficiently penetrated from slab surface into center to heal porosity cavities. Obtained results indicated positive influences of heavy reduction in healing porosity holes in slab even after solidification, when the temperature gradient of slab surface and center was about 280 °C.
Annexin gene family in Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) and its phylogenetic pattern among Platyhelminthes of medical interest
Authors: Su Xiao Yi , Gao Fei , Wang Si Yao , Li Jing , Wang Zhong Quan , Zhang Xi
Published: June 2024

The plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra mansoni are etiological agents of human and animal sparganosis. Annexins are proteins with important roles in parasites. However, our knowledge of annexins in S. mansoni is still inadequate. In this study, 18 new members of the Annexin (ANX) family were characterized in S. mansoni. The clustering analysis demonstrated that all the SmANXs were divided into two main classes, consistent with the patterns of conserved motif organization. The 18 SmANXs were detected at all developmental stages (plerocercoid, adult, and egg) and displayed ubiquitous but highly variable expression patterns in all tissues/organs studied. The representative member rSmANX18 was successfully cloned and expressed. The protein was immunolocalized in the tegument and parenchyma of the plerocercoid and in the tegument, parenchyma, uterus and egg shell of adult worms. The recombinant protein can bind phospholipids with high affinity in a Ca2+-dependent manner, shows high anticoagulant activity and combines with FITC to recognize apoptotic cells. Annexin gene polymorphism and conservative core motif permutation were found in both cestodes and trematodes. SmANXs also revealed high genetic diversity among Platyhelminthes of medical interest. Our findings lay a foundation for further studies on the biological functions of ANXs in S. mansoni as well as other taxa in which ANXs occur.
Introducing and Validating the Cranial-Dorsal-Hip Angle (∠CDH): A
Method for Accurate Fetal Position Assessment in the First Trimester and Future
AI Applications
Authors: Tan Ying , Wen Huaxuan , Peng Guiyan , Wen Huiying , Wen Xin , Jiang Yao , Fan Jiaqi , Yuan Ying , Luo Dandan , Li Shengli
Published: June 2024

Purpose To introduce the cranial-dorsal-hip angle (∠CDH) as a novel
quantitative tool for assessing fetal position in the first trimester and to
validate its feasibility for future AI applications.

Materials and Methods 2520 first-trimester fetal NT exams with 2582 CRL
images (January-August 2022) were analyzed at a tertiary hospital as the pilot
group. Additionally, 1418 cases with 1450 fetal CRL images (September-December
2022) were examined for validation. Three expert sonographers defined a standard
for fetal positions. ∠CDH measurements, conducted by two ultrasound technicians,
were validated for consistency using Bland-Altman plots and the intra-class
correlation coefficient (ICC). This method allowed for categorizing fetal
positions as hyperflexion, neutral, and hyperextension based on ∠CDH.
Comparative accuracy was assessed against Ioannou, Wanyonyi, and Roux methods
using the weighted Kappa coefficient (k value).

Results The pilot group comprised 2186 fetal CRL images, and the
validation group included 1193 images. Measurement consistency was high (ICCs of
0.993; P<0.001). The established 95% reference range for ∠CDH in the neutral
fetal position was 118.3° to 137.8°. The ∠CDH method demonstrated superior
accuracy over the Ioannou, Wanyonyi, and Roux methods in both groups, with
accuracy rates of 94.5% (k values: 0.874, 95%CI: 0.852–0.896) in the pilot
group, and 92.6% (k values: 0.838, 95%CI: 0.806–0.871) in the validation group.

Conclusion The ∠CDH method has been validated as a highly reproducible and
accurate technique for first-trimester fetal position assessment. This sets the
stage for its potential future integration into intelligent assessment
models.
Relation of Transversus Abdominis to Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Various Anatomical Landmark Levels: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Surichamorn Totsapol , Tantitham Thiti
Published: June 2024

Background Posterior Component Separation (PCS) is a surgical technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. Understanding the relationship between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles and the location of intercostal nerves is crucial for minimizing nerve injury during PCS. This cadaveric study aimed to investigate these anatomical relationships and propose practical guidelines for safer PCS procedures.

Methods Eighteen fresh cadavers were dissected to assess the overlap or separation of the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles at seven abdominal levels. The distance of intercostal nerves from the lateral border of the rectus abdominis was measured.

Results The study found that the muscles overlapped at the xiphoid and upper abdominal levels but began to separate below the 2/4 upper to umbilicus level. Intercostal nerves entered at varying distances from the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis, suggesting that levels above the 3/4 upper to umbilicus level are relatively safe for dissection.

Conclusion The study recommends initiating the first incision for PCS between the subxiphoid and 2/4 upper to the umbilicus, based on observed muscle relationships and nerve distances. This practical approach enhances safety and simplifies decision-making during surgery.
Value of green sign and chicken skin aspects for detecting malignancy of colorectal neoplasia in a prospective characterization study
Authors: Lafeuille Pierre , Rivory Jérôme , Lupu Alexandru , Rostain Florian , Jacques Jeremie , Wallenhorst Thimothee , Bartoli Adrien , Torti Serge , Fenouil Tanguy , Moll Frederic , Subtil Fabien , Pioche Mathieu
Published: June 2024

Background and study aims Accurate endoscopic characterization of colorectal lesions is essential for predicting histology but is difficult even for experts. Simple criteria could help endoscopists to detect and predict malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the green sign and chicken skin aspects in detection of malignant colorectal neoplasia.

Patients and methods We prospectively characterized and evaluated the histology of all consecutive colorectal lesions detected during screening or referred for endoscopic resection (Pro-CONECCT study). We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the green sign and chicken skin aspects for detection of superficial and deep invasive lesions.

Results 461 patients with 803 colorectal lesions were included. The green sign had a negative predictive value of 89.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.1%–91.8%) and 98.1% (95% CI 96.7%-99.0%) for superficial and deep invasive lesions, respectively. In contrast to chicken skin, the green sign showed additional value for detection of both lesion types compared with the CONECCT classification and chicken skin (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for superficial lesions 5.9; 95% CI 3.4–10.2; P <0.001), adjusted OR for deep lesions 9.0; 95% CI 3.9–21.1; P <0.001).

Conclusions The green sign may be associated with malignant colorectal neoplasia. Targeting these areas before precise analysis of the lesion could be a way of improving detection of focal malignancies and prediction of the most severe histology.
Satisfying the multiple needs of older adults in rural China through the adaptation of dual polycentric systems
Authors: Dong Xiaowei , Qian Siwen
Published: June 2024

This study explores the fulfillment of multiple needs of older adults in rural China by adapting and aligning two polycentric systems from the perspective of intergenerational relationships. Utilizing the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) methodology, it pinpoints crucial nesting points that facilitate the integration of the two systems. The study emphasizes maximizing the potential of these nesting points to achieve a cohesive systemic structure. Consequently, it suggests the development of an organizational-level polycentric framework that integrates the comparative advantages (on exploiting various nesting points) of various entities such as nuclear families, village self-governing organizations, government agencies, commercial enterprises, educational institutions, and others. This framework is capable of leveraging its spontaneous order to effectively tackle the challenges associated with ageing in rural areas. This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning an in-depth understanding of tackling rural ageing issues using a polycentric lens.
Transitioning to low-carbon agriculture: the non-linear role of digital inclusive finance in China’s agricultural carbon emissions
Authors: Li Hanjin , Tian Hu , Liu Xinyu , You Jiansheng
Published: June 2024

Promoting low-carbon agricultural development is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and peak carbon emission goals. The emergence of digital inclusive finance has opened a new pathway to reduce agricultural carbon emissions. This study uses data from various provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 to explore the impact of digital inclusive finance on agricultural carbon emissions and its mechanism of action. The results show that during the study period, agricultural carbon emissions first increased and then decreased, with the emission gap between the eastern and western regions narrowing, while the gap between the southern and northern regions widened. Digital inclusive finance has an inverted “U-shaped” nonlinear impact on agricultural carbon emissions, with the depth of use and the degree of digitization being key factors. Agricultural carbon emissions only begin to be effectively suppressed when the scale of digital inclusive finance exceeds the peak value. Additionally, the development of agricultural green cooperatives weakens the emission reduction effect of digital inclusive finance, indicating a decoupling between their developments, while the accumulation of human capital enhances its emission reduction effect. Based on this, the government is advised to continue promoting low-carbon strategies and the development of digital inclusivity in rural areas. Financial institutions should develop financial products suitable for agricultural green cooperatives, and agricultural green cooperatives should also provide timely feedback and communication to achieve coordinated development between the two. Furthermore, education and training for farmers should be strengthened to encourage them to learn and adopt new technologies.
Numerical study of particle dispersion in the wake of a static and rotating cylinder at Re = 140 000
Authors: Chekrouba K. , Benabed A. , Mehel A.
Published: June 2024

In this study, the particle-laden flow in the wake of a static and a rotating cylinder at Reynolds number of 140 000 was investigated using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes numerical approach. Three turbulence models such as k–ω shear stress transport, Reynolds stress model, and local-correlation transition model (LCTM) were selected to predict the flow topology. Lagrangian approach with one-way coupling was used to track solid spherical particles of different sizes (0.01, 0.1, 2.5, 10, and 50 μm). The study reveals that LCTM is the most accurate to predict the flow topology in both cases. Cylinder's rotation generates different effects on flow structure. It breaks the wake's symmetry and reduces its width, and increases the frequency of vortex shedding and the size of the recirculation zone. Particle transport analysis has revealed that particles' response to the flow depends on their Stokes number and wake flow topology. Particles of 0.01, 0.1, and 2.5 μm distribute in and around vortex cores, while particles of 10 and 50 μm do not penetrate vortex cores. Instead, 10 μm particles accumulate mainly around the periphery of vortices, while 50 μm particles skip the vortex street to the thin shear flow region between vortices to be transported by the mainstream flow. Finally, cylinder rotation reduces the particle spread in the vertical direction and shifts all particle distributions in the cylinder's rotation direction. Analysis of particle dispersion functions showed that cylinder's rotation reduces differences in dispersion extent depending on particle size.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation drainage cannula performance: From generalized to patient-averaged vessel model
Authors: Parker Louis P. , Fiusco Francesco , Rorro Federico , Svensson Marcial Anders , Brismar Torkel B. , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: June 2024

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used for respiratory support in the most severe cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Blood is drained from the large veins, oxygenated in an artificial lung, and returned to the right atrium (RA). In this study, we have used large eddy simulations to simulate a single-stage “lighthouse” drainage cannula in a patient-averaged model of the large veins and RA, including the return cannula. We compared the results with previous experimental and numerical studies of these cannulas in idealized tube geometries. According to the simulations, wall proximity at the drainage holes and the presence of the return cannula greatly increased drainage through the tip (33% at 5 L/min). We then simulated a multi-stage device in the same patient-averaged model, showing similar recirculation performance across the range of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) flow rates compared to the lighthouse cannula. Mean and maximum time-averaged wall shear stress were slightly higher for the lighthouse design. At high ECMO flow rates, the multi-stage device developed a negative caval pressure, which may be a cause of drainage obstruction in a clinical environment. Finally, through calculation of the energy spectra and vorticity field, we observed ring-like vortices inside the cannula originating from the side holes, most prominent in the proximal position. Our work highlights the important differences between a patient-derived and simplified venous model, with the latter tending to underestimate tip drainage. We also draw attention to the different dynamics of single-stage and multistage drainage cannulas, which may guide clinical use.
Stage–discharge prediction in the multi-stage ice-covered compound channel
Authors: Li Heng , Sun Bin , Li Zhiwei , Li Da , Yang Yongpeng , Wang Feifei
Published: June 2024

The multi-stage compound channel, which is a common pattern in natural alluvial rivers and the regulation projects of urban rivers, inevitably freezes in winter when it is situated in cold northern areas with high latitudes. Given that ascertaining the stage–discharge relationship for rivers is the foundation for the development of flood control schemes and water resources management, this study concentrates on proposing an analytical model for predicting the stage–discharge curves of multi-stage ice-covered compound channels. In deducing the analytical model, the cross section of the channel is first segmented into several homogeneous subregions that can be grouped into seven categories according to the geometric characteristics. Through analyzing the momentum transfer between adjacent subregions, the force balance equation for each subregion is then established to get the bulk mean velocity for the corresponding subregion, thereby obtaining the discharge by solving a tridiagonal matrix. Subsequently, measurements from two-stage and three-stage ice-covered compound channel experiments and three sets of experimental data from the literature are used to validate the performance of the proposed model. Good agreement between the predictions and the measured data suggests that the deduced model can accurately estimate the discharge for the multi-stage ice-covered compound channels when the flow depth is given. Finally, sensitivity analysis indicates that Manning's roughness coefficient of the channel bed has a more pronounced impact on the stage–discharge relationship than that of the ice cover. Moreover, when compared to the two-stage ice-covered compound channel, the multi-stage ice-covered compound channel offers greater potential for water resource utilization.
Programming patchy particles for materials assembly design
Authors: King Ella M. , Du Chrisy Xiyu , Zhu Qian-Ze , Schoenholz Samuel S. , Brenner Michael P.
Published: June 2024

Direct design of complex functional materials would revolutionize technologies ranging from printable organs to novel clean energy devices. However, even incremental steps toward designing functional materials have proven challenging. If the material is constructed from highly complex components, the design space of materials properties rapidly becomes too computationally expensive to search. On the other hand, very simple components such as uniform spherical particles are not powerful enough to capture rich functional behavior. Here, we introduce a differentiable materials design model with components that are simple enough to design yet powerful enough to capture complex materials properties: rigid bodies composed of spherical particles with directional interactions (patchy particles). We showcase the method with self-assembly designs ranging from open lattices to self-limiting clusters, all of which are notoriously challenging design goals to achieve using purely isotropic particles. By directly optimizing over the location and interaction of the patches on patchy particles using gradient descent, we dramatically reduce the computation time for finding the optimal building blocks.
Coordination dynamics between fuel cell and battery technologies in the transition to clean cars
Authors: Dugoua Eugenie , Dumas Marion
Published: June 2024

Significant progress reconciling economic activities with a stable climate requires radical and rapid technological change in multiple sectors. Here, we study the case of the automotive industry’s transition to electric vehicles, which involved choosing between two different technologies: fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) or battery electric vehicles (BEVs). We know very little about the role that such technological uncertainty plays in shaping the strategies of firms, the efficacy of technological and climate policies, and the speed of technological transitions. Here, we explain that the choice between these two technologies posed a global and multisectoral coordination game, due to technological complementarities and the global organization of the industry’s markets and supply chains. We use data on patents, supply-chain relationships, and national policies to document historical trends and industry dynamics for these two technologies. While the industry initially focused on FCEVs, around 2008, the technological paradigm shifted to BEVs. National-level policies had a limited ability to coordinate global players around a type of clean car technology. Instead, exogenous innovation spillovers from outside the automotive sector played a critical role in solving this coordination game in favor of BEVs. Our results suggest that global and cross-sectoral technology policies may be needed to accelerate low-carbon technological change in other sectors, such as shipping or aviation. This enriches the existing theoretical paradigm, which ignores the scale of interdependencies between technologies and firms.
Genomic structural variation contributes to evolved changes in gene expression in high-altitude Tibetan sheep
Authors: Liang Xiaolong , Duan Qijiao , Li Bowen , Wang Yinjia , Bu Yueting , Zhang Yonglu , Kuang Zhuoran , Mao Leyan , An Xuan , Wang Huihua , Yang Xiaojie , Wan Na , Feng Zhilong , Shen Wei , Miao Weilan , Chen Jiaqi , Liu Sanyuan , Storz Jay F. , Liu Jianquan , Nevo Eviatar , Li Kexin
Published: June 2024

Tibetan sheep were introduced to the Qinghai Tibet plateau roughly 3,000 B.P., making this species a good model for investigating genetic mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation over a relatively short timescale. Here, we characterize genomic structural variants (SVs) that distinguish Tibetan sheep from closely related, low-altitude Hu sheep, and we examine associated changes in tissue-specific gene expression. We document differentiation between the two sheep breeds in frequencies of SVs associated with genes involved in cardiac function and circulation. In Tibetan sheep, we identified high-frequency SVs in a total of 462 genes, including
EPAS1
,
PAPSS2
, and
PTPRD
. Single-cell RNA-Seq data and luciferase reporter assays revealed that the SVs had
cis
-acting effects on the expression levels of these three genes in specific tissues and cell types. In Tibetan sheep, we identified a high-frequency chromosomal inversion that exhibited modified chromatin architectures relative to the noninverted allele that predominates in Hu sheep. The inversion harbors several genes with altered expression patterns related to heart protection, brown adipocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, and DNA repair. These findings indicate that SVs represent an important source of genetic variation in gene expression and may have contributed to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan sheep.
Report on EURAMET supplementary comparison on measurement of a 1 mm stage micrometer
Authors: Matus M , Pérez M del Mar , Prieto E , Germak A , Czułek D , Sosinowski P , Duță A , Dugheanu E , Zelenika S , Äremann M , Ozgur B , Asar M , Greeff P , Manana K , Sun S , Buajarern J , Brasil D A , Gastaldi B , Zechner G
Published: June 2024

Main text

The results of the EURAMET supplementary comparison on the calibration of a 1 mm stage micrometer are reported. 13 NMIs from 4 RMOs participated in the comparison. Originally, the comparison was planned to use a single artefact. Because it was destroyed during the duration of the comparison, it was necessary to carry out the test in two loops using a new artefact. Artefact circulation started in August 2020 and was completed in September 2022.

Both artefacts were the same make and kind. The two artefacts are standard stage micrometers as used in optical microscopy on a transparent, low thermal expansion substrate. The scale length is 1 mm divided in 100 parts. The distances of all 100 scale marks from the zero mark have been measured by each participant.

The results with associated uncertainties of all participating NMIs were in good agreement. All En values were smaller than 1 already from the pre-draft A state on. Therefore, no separate analysis of a largest consistent subset was necessary. With 1400 values without a single outlier, it is tempting to assume that uncertainty contributions are somehow overestimated.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Analysis and comparison of the orbit determination accuracy of TianQin based on multiple ground-based measurements
Authors: An Zicong , Shao Kai , Gu Defeng , Wei Chunbo , Tong Lisheng , Xu Zheyu , Li Ming , Wang Jian
Published: June 2024

TianQin project, a Chinese initiative in space gravitational wave detection, demands high precision in satellite orbit during both entry and scientific operations. As means of developmental maturation, ground-based measurements play a vital role in ensuring the smooth execution of TianQin satellite’s detection mission. This paper conducts a simulation analysis by utilizing various ground-based measurement data, including the China Deep Space Network (CDSN), S/Ka-band ranging system, and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The main focus is to explore the distinctions in Precise Orbit Determination (POD) capabilities among different methods and to enhance POD accuracy through the integration of multiple techniques for TianQin satellites. The results indicate: (1) Leveraging a strategically positioned station distribution, CDSN stations offer extended observation time, averaging 17.3 h per satellite daily, compared to S/Ka’s 10.5 h. (2) In single-measurement POD scenarios, S/Ka proves superior, achieving accuracy better than 10 m and 0.4 mm s−1 for TianQin satellites with a 7-day orbit arc length. This superiority is attributed to its exceptional observational accuracy, outperforming CDSN’s 40 m and 2.2 mm s−1 for POD accuracy. (3) By integrating high-precision SLR data on the foundation of CDSN or S/Ka observations, the POD accuracy of TianQin satellites is further enhanced, despite the limited SLR data quantity.
Effect of distribution of fines on evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game
Authors: Sun 孙 Xing-Ping 兴平 , Bi 毕 Yan-Zheng 研政 , Kang 康 Hong-Wei 洪炜 , Shen 沈 Yong 勇 , Chen 陈 Qing-Yi 清毅
Published: June 2024

In the realm of public goods game, punishment, as a potent tool, stands out for fostering cooperation. While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem, the associated costs can be substantial. Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions, while defectors face fines. Unfortunately, these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air, representing a loss to the system itself. However, by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers, not only can we mitigate this loss, but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced. Based upon this premise, this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model. Under identical parameter settings, by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model, the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that, in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high, the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse. However, the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies, thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation, even in the face of substantial punishment cost.