bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borderline personality disorders: from the developmental theory of the "self" and mentalizing to "systems"
Authors: Cucchi Angie
Published: January 2021

In the last fifty years the thinking around borderline personality disorder (BPD) shifted from an intra-psychic to a psychoanalytically oriented relational model. The latter described the difficulties associated with this presentation as arising from a disorganisation of the "self" structure in the context of an early caregiving relationship. The concept of inaccurate, or inconsistent "social biofeedback parental affect mirroring" has been pivotal to explain the characteristic failure to mentalize and the interpersonal difficulties associated with a diagnosis of BPD. Nevertheless, far from being the result of a sole linear relationship, these difficulties appear linked to communicative and emotional feedback loops that are reminiscent of cybernetic principles. Furthermore, recent claims have suggested that the communication feedback loops characteristic of the carer–child attachment style represent nothing less that the communication styles of the wider social environment in which the dyad is located. These claims have recently prompted a further shift from mentalizing to epistemic trust and epistemic vigilance, hence departing from a relational model towards a more systemic one. The difficulties associated with BPD are now suggested to be linked to a disorder of social learning, impacted by the rigid nature of the person's information-processing systems. This article reviews this journey.
Community Empowerment: The Need for a Bumdes Strategy in Improving Welfare
Authors: Mayarni  , Surya Afwan  , Mimin Sundari Nasution  , Zulkarnaini
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine community empowerment based on Kepenghuluan-owned enterprises (Bumkep) in Kepenghuluan Sinaboi, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The problem of social welfare development related to various other development fields is the low economic level of society. This is characterized by unemployment, underdevelopment and helplessness. Therefore, it takes the role of the Kepenghuluan Sinaboi to increase community empowerment by utilizing the Sinaboi BUMKEP. This research chooses a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found that the local community still lacks information about the utilization of local potential, the empowerment that is participatory is very minimal.
Skin Prick Test Positivity in Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Koirala Soniya , Paudel Upama , Pokhrel Dinesh Binod , Parajuli Sudip
Published: January 2021

Background: Skin prick tests identify allergens for chronic urticaria. The objective of this study was to determine skin prick test positivity in patients with chronic urticaria visiting skin outpatient department in one of the tertiary referral centre of Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. All patients of chronic urticaria aged more than 16 years were taken into study and were prick tested with seven groups of 21 allergens, taking normal saline as negative control and histamine as positive control as per the standard protocol by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network. Frequency of positivity to each allergen was assessed.Results: Out of 62 patients of chronic urticaria enrolled in the study, 52% were females and 48% were males. Overall, 71% were positive for at least one allergen. The most common allergens which tested positive included Dermatophagoides farinae (50%), Cotton dust (17.7%), Mosquito (16%), hay dust (14.5%), Cladosporium herbarum (14.5%), Candida albicans (12.9%), Parthenium hysterophorus (9.6%), House fly (9.6%), Soya bean (9.6%) and fish sardine (8%). Out of all these patients, 55% patients showed positivity to more than one allergens.Conclusions: A significant proportion of cases with chronic urticaria demonstrated sensitivity to various allergens. Skin prick test can be considered as important diagnostic procedure in cases of chronic urticaria in our population.Keywords: Allergen; dermatophagoides farinae; prick test; urticaria
Pharmacovigilance of Antiretroviral Drugs at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health sciences
Authors: Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad , Chhetri Roshan , Kafle Shyam Prasad , Marahatta Suchana , Khanal Basudha , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Kattel Vivek
Published: January 2021

Background: Antiretroviral drugs are lifeline for patients living with HIV. Adverse drug reactions can compromise the compliance to antiretroviral therapy. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reactions and to assess its risk factors in patients living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 496 patients living with HIV at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences for a period of one year. Adverse drug reactions were evaluated based upon clinical history, clinical examination and investigations. Results: Majority of patients were of 31-45 year age group (58.1%) and on first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen (94.3%). Total of 240 adverse drug reactions were documented. Prevalence of adverse drug reaction was 34.7%. Skin rash, anemia and nausea and vomiting were the three most common adverse drug reactions. The adverse drug reactions were more common in patients having non-communicable diseases, chronic co-infections, taking more than 3 non-HIV drugs, second and third-line antiretroviral regimen and it was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Prevalence of adverse drug reaction was high in the patients living with HIV. Age, gender, co-infections, non-communicable diseases, taking more than three non-HIV drugs and second and third-line antiretroviral regimen were identified as possible risk factor for occurrence of adverse drug reactions and their prior identification is important to optimize the best suited antiretroviral regimen.Keywords: Adverse drug reactions; antiretroviral therapy; pharmacovigilance
Estimation of Hepatic Elasticity by Shear Wave Sonoelastography among Asymptomatic Individuals in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Maharjan Santosh , Lohani Benu , Kayastha Prakash , Suwal Sundar , Paudel Sharma
Published: January 2021

Background: Shear wave elastography is currently most widely used method for determining the elasticity of liver. Liver fibrosis, final common pathway of chronic liver disease, is associated with increased liver stiffness. This study aimed to obtain normal liver elasticity in Nepalese population, as it can be used as reference in future for determination of elasticity in abnormal liver.Methods: Quantitative prospective study was done in 132 individuals with normal liver function tests. Shear wave elastography was done to measure elasticity of both lobes of liver and thus obtained values were also correlated with age, gender and fatty changes in liver.Results: Forty seven out of 132 individuals had fatty liver. Mean elasticity of liver was 4.40±0.60 kPa with range of 3.12-6.62 kPa. There was no significant difference between mean elasticity of right and left lobe of liver. No significant correlation was found between mean liver elasticity with age and gender. There was statistically significant difference in the mean elasticity between non-fatty and fatty liver (p=0.041).Conclusions: The study established normal elasticity of liver in Nepalese population and this reference can be used to obtain abnormal liver elasticities. Keywords: Elasticity; normal liver; shear wave
An Overview and Changing Scenario of Post-graduate Medical Education in Nepal: What Is the Way Forward?
Authors: Dangal Ganesh
Published: January 2021

The goal of the Postgraduate (PG) Medical Education Program in any country is to produce high quality professionals with required clinical competency and capability in teaching, research, leadership, communication, collaboration and health advocacy in addition to sound knowledge of the given specialty. Countries like Nepal should adopt the contemporary global trends and implement innovative approaches in medical education utilizing skill labs, information technologies; computer assisted teaching learning, simulation-based learning if practicable and others. The MD/MS/ or National Board curriculum should reflect and be in line with the core principles advocated by the world leaders/institutes of medical education. Additionally, an institution imparting postgraduate program should provide facilities consistent with the overall academic program including exposure in applied basic medical sciences and other related subjects/areas as prescribed by the regulatory bodies like Medical Education Council (MEC), Nepal Medical Council (NMC), academia and the line ministries; in addition to the required number of faculties of related specialties for facilitating teaching/ learning as per the set guidelines along with facilities of ancillary departments related to the concerned subject as per the requirement of the curriculum as well.
KLASIFIKASI SENTIMEN SARA, HOAKS DAN RADIKAL PADA POSTINGAN MEDIA SOSIAL MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES MULTINOMIAL TEXT
Authors: Purwiantono Febry Eka , Aditya Addin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan sebuah algoritma klasifikasi yang dapat menjustifikasi sentimen pada kumpulan cuitan Twitter yang diposting oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Penerapan algoritma ini nantinya akan mengklasifikasikan cuitan mana yang mengandung unsur pelanggaran yang diatur dalam UU-ITE. Dengan adanya penerapan algoritma klasifikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu pemerintah khususnya Kepolisian Republik Indonesia dan Badan Intelijen Negara dalam merumuskan kebijakan mengenai tindakan pencegahan pelanggaran UU-ITE serta mencegah penyebaran paham radikalisme, informasi palsu dan isu SARA di Negara Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan Twitter API (Application Programming Interface). Sedangkan algoritma klasifikasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Naive Bayes Multinomial Text. Algoritma ini dipilih karena mampu mengklasifikasikan dokumen dengan memperhitungkan jumlah kemunculan kata. Dari hasil kompilasi dan data yang diolah, algoritma ini mampu menjustifikasi sentimen secara akurat kurang lebih 99,62%.
Estudos bioquímios e histopatológicos do fígado de ratos wistar alimentados com Spirulina cepa LEB-18 em tamanho micrométrico e nanométrico
Authors: Machado Adriana Rodrigues , Rodrigues Rosane da Silva , Assis Leticia Marques de , Ribeiro Carmen Lucia Garcez , Rocha Andrea da Silva Ramos , Machado Mirian Ribeiro Galvão , Souza-Soares Leonor Almeida de
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as respostas bioquímicas e histopatológicas de ratos fêmeas alimentados por 15 dias com dietas contendo Spirulina cepa LEB 18 no tamanho de micrômetro (Sm) e nanômetro (Sn), dieta aproteica (A) e dieta controle (C) contendo caseína. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas recém-desmamadas (21 dias) da linhagem Wistar / UFPEL. As análises realizadas foram: lipídios nas dietas, excrementos e fígado, cálculo da digestibilidade lipídica, determinações bioquímicas séricas do colesterol total e frações (LDL, HDL e VLDL) e triacilgliceróis e glicemia, e avaliação histopatológica dos fígados. As dietas contendo Spirulina LEB 18 nos tamanhos micro e nanométricos não alteraram parâmetros bioquímicos (colesterol total e frações, triacilgliceróis e glicose) de ratos Wistar em crescimento. Dados fisiológicos e bioquímicos de ratos submetidos à dieta (A) indicam comprometimento do metabolismo lipídico, devido à ausência de proteína, o que reflete diretamente em lesões hepáticas bastante heterogêneas quanto ao padrão e intensidade em relação (aos) às demais dietas, e pode ser devido à deposição lipídica mais evidenciada em uma dieta aproteica, provavelmente causada por deficiência de proteínas e, portanto, pelo declínio na produção e exportação de lipoproteínas pelo fígado.
CRITERION FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF FILTERING CONVECTION IN A MIXTURE OF LIQUIDS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HEAT OF THE PHASE TRANSITION
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Ramazanov M.M. , Bulgakova N.S. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS,   Dagestan State University of National Economy, Gadzhimagomedova S.R. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS,   Dagestan State University of National Economy
Published: January 2021

Исследована конвективная устойчивость смеси жидкостей с ограниченной взаимной растворимостью в пористой среде, когда легкая фаза расположена над тяжелой. На нижней границе горизонтального пористого слоя, заполненного смесью, температура выше, чем на верхней. Изучено влияние теплоты фазового перехода и отношения плотностей фаз на условия возникновения конвекции и структуру возникающих течений.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT USE OF SOURCES LOW-POTENTIAL GEOTHERMAL WATERS
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Akhmedov G.Ya. ,   Dagestan State Technical University, Khizriev M.-Sh. S. ,   Dagestan State Technical University
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются перспективные направления по разработке энергетических систем с повышением температуры низкопотенциальных геотермальных вод. Оценивается возможность использования горючего газа метана, попутного с геотермальной водой, для повышения температуры воды, переносящей энергию в систему отопления и горячего водоснабжения жилых и общественных зданий. Установлена целесообразность догрева стабильной воды из вторичного контура теплообменников с целью исключения солеотложения в тепловых устройствах геотермальных систем. Предложена методика защиты стенки теплообменника от адгезии твердой фазы карбоната кальция путем понижения ее температуры.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BLACK COAL
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Ramazanova A.E.
Published: January 2021

Экспериментально измерена теплопроводность сухого и влагонасыщенного образцов угля в области температур от 298 до 500 К. Теплопроводность угля увеличивается с температурой и проходит через максимум около 390 К, что объясняется выделением летучих веществ и термическим разложением. Значительная разница в поведении теплопроводности наблюдается до и после термической обработки угля, у которого теплопроводность постепенно увеличивается с температурой без максимума и минимума.
EXTRAPOLATION METHOD IN RESEARCH SPECIFIC HEAT OF MELTING OF ICE-CONTAINING MIXTURES
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Iskenderov E.G. , Dvoryanchikov V.I. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS
Published: January 2021

Предложен метод экстраполяции данных для получения удельной теплоты плавления льдосодержащих растворов солей и кислот при исследовании составов для аккумулятора холода. Создана программа, для компьютера автоматически регистрирующая изменение температуры калориметрической жидкости в процессе проведения эксперимента и рассчитывающая удельную теплоту плавления на основании данного метода. Разработанный экстраполяционный метод позволяет наиболее точно рассчитать изменение температуры Δt, вне зависимости от теплообмена между калориметром и окружающей средой. Программа разработана на языке программирования Java и представляет собой JavaDesktop-приложение, c интуитивно понятным графическим интерфейсом. Реализован экспорт результатов расчета в текстовой и графический файл, а также в файл формата Excel.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (ANALYSIS OF CATION AND ANION) GEOTHERMAL WATERS "BADEN-BADEN" GERMANY
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, Talibov M.A.
Published: January 2021

В статье приводятся результаты экспериментальных исследований химического со-става (катионы и анионы) геотермальных вод 5-и источников «Баден-Баден» юго-западной Германии. Опыты были проведены с использованием атомно-эмиссионного спектрометра с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (IRIS Intrepid II Optical Emission Spectrometer) и ионного хроматографа DX 100
ENERGY HEAT CARRIERS FROM HALOGENIDES ALKALINE AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Verdieva Z.N. , Garkushin I.K. ,   Samara State Technical University, Verdiev N.N. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Zeynalov M.Sh. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Musaeva P.A. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS
Published: January 2021

Теоретическими методами рассчитаны температуры плавления и составы эвтектик двух- и трехкомпонентных систем, являющихся элементами малой мерности пятикомпонентной системы сформированной из фторидов и лития, натрия, калия, кальция и бария. Проведен сравнительный анализ теоретически и экспериментально полученных данных с целью определения целесообразности использования расчётных методов. Установлено, что относительная погрешность при определении температур кристаллизации 0,2 -10%, составов нонвариантных точек 0-24,9%. С использованием теории графов произведено разбиение системы на симплексы, сформированы древа фаз и кристаллизаций. Для построения древ использован алгоритм моделирования схем кристаллизации моно-и нонвариантных фазовых равновесий в многокомпонентных системах, правомерность древа фаз подтверждена рентгенофазовым, а температуры кристаллизаций нонвариантных составов выявлены дифференциальным термическим методами физико-химического анализа. Планирование эксперимента осуществлялось проекционно-термографическим методом, опираясь на теоретически рассчитанные эвтектики. Дифференциальным термическим, дифференциальным сканирующим калориметрическим и термогравиметрическим методами физико-химического анализа изучены теплофизические характеристики ряда секущих треугольников четырехкомпонентных систем (квазитройных систем). В результате проведенных исследований выявлены нонвариантные составы и прилегающие к ним области неразделимости термоэффектов при скорости охлаждения 10°С в мин. Все выявленные составы обладают достаточными значениями энтальпий фазовых переходов (кДж/г). и могут быть использованы в качестве теплоносителей и теплонакопителей в устройствах предназначенных для аккумулирования тепла возобновляемых источников энергии. А также полученные эвтектические составы могут быть использованы в качестве электролитов химических источников тока и флюсов при сварке цветных металлов.
EFFECT OF PARTIAL SHADING ON EFFICIENCY OPERATIONS OF PHOTOELECTRIC PLANTS
Authors:   Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Kolomiets Yu.G. , Suleimanov M.Zh. ,   Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS
Published: January 2021

В работе представлены результаты экспериментального исследования по определению влияния частичного затенения солнечного преобразователя на его выработку. Показа-но влияние «вертикального» и «горизонтального» частичного затенений при оснежнении и при глухом варианте затенения.
RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMICS OF VARIATION OF SPEED AND WIND DIRECTIONS IN PRIMORSKY DAGESTAN WITH THE HELP INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Kobzarenko D.N. ,   Dagestan State University of National Economy, Kamilova A.M. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Shikhsaidov M.B. ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются результаты исследования сезонных изменений частотных характеристик скорости и направления ветра на территории Приморского Дагестана, проведенные на основе разработанных ранее специализированных информационных технологий. В качестве математического инструмента исследования используется непрерывное вейвлет-преобразование с комплексной вейвлет-функцией Морле. Результаты исследования отвечают на вопросы: какая периодичность изменения скорости и направления ветра является основной? какой параметр меняется чаще скорость или направление ветра? какова зависимость периодичности смены скорости и направления ветра от времени года? как связаны между собой повторяемость периодичности в изменении скорости ветра и повторяемость скорости ветра?
ENERGY DEVICE FOR USING WAVE FORCES
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Babaev B. D. , Kakvaev Yu. Ts. ,   Dagestan State University
Published: January 2021

В статье дается описание энергетического устройства по использованию сил волн - плавучей волновой электростанции. Энергетическое устройство преобразования волновой энергии имеет высокий КПД, устройство может работать при любой высоте волн, используется энергия водных течений при движении плавсредств за счет создаваемых разно-стью давлений, регулируется вырабатываемая мощность. В зависимости от размеров плавсредств предлагаемое устройство может служить и как плавучий остров с собственной электростанцией и другими различными хозяйственными и производственными помещениями.
TECHNOLOGY OF PURIFICATION OF GEOTHERMAL METHANOL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER AND ITS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Akhmedov M.I.
Published: January 2021

Приведены результаты исследований по разработке метода очистки геотермальных метанолсодержащих сточных вод (МСВ) объектов по добыче углеводородов, подготовке и транспорту газа. Разработана технология очистки МСВ, основанная на преобразовании метанола в легколетучий метилнитрит. Использование метода позволяет довести содержание метанола в очищенной воде до уровня ПДК и дополнительно проводить регенерацию метанола и одного из основных реагентов - нитрита натрия. Проведена оценка экологического и экономического эффекта от его внедрения.
TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION OF ASSOCIATED FUELS GASES FROM GEOTHERMAL WATERS WITH PROTECTION OF EQUIPMENT FROM CARBONATE DEPOSITS
Authors:   ", Kurbanismailova A.S. ,   Institute of Geology",   of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

В статье оценивается возможность сбора горючего газа метана, попутного с геотермальной водой на скважинах с низким газовым фактором. Рассматриваются перспек-тивные направления по разработке энергетических систем, позволяющих максимально увеличить сбор метана и обеспечить их работу в непрерывном режиме без отложений твердой фазы карбоната кальция. Установлена целесообразность охлаждения стенки теплообменного оборудования для предотвращения солеотложения. Предложена конструкция геотермального устройства, работающего в режиме без солеотложения.
ADSORPTION OF ALKALINE AND ALKALINE EARTH IONS OF METALS WITH ACTIVATED CARBONS IN THE PROCESS COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL WATERS
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Sveshnikova D.A.
Published: January 2021

Изучены закономерности адсорбции и десорбции ионов щелочных и щелочноземельных металлов на различных неполяризованных и поляризованных углях. Определены сорбционные емкости этих углей по исследуемым ионам. Установлены оптимальные концентрации макрокомпонентов (NaCl и KCl) для эффективной сорбции Rb+ и Cs+ на АУ ОКМ-2. Предложен способ обработки АУ КМ-2 для преимущественной электросорбции Sr2+ из воды Берикейского месторождения.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE KUMUKH DEPOSITS OF THERMAL WATER
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS, Javatov D.K. ,   Dagestan State University, Azizov A.A. ,   INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF GEOTHERMY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY - BRANCH OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES RAS
Published: January 2021

Проведена эколого-экономическая оценка освоения Кумухского месторождения тер-мальных вод с целью показать перспективность и возможность повышения энергетической эффективности бинарной геотермальной электростанции, при различных температурах закачиваемого теплоносителя. На примере конкретного месторождения термальных вод показано, что оптимизация позволяет значительно улучшить эффективность энергетических циклов на месторождении, а утилизация низкопотенциальной энергии отработанных рассолов на теплонасосных установках позволяет экономить замещающее органическое топливо. Проведенный анализ показывает, что создание комплексных технологий освоения высокопотенциальных минерализованных геотермальных ресурсов месторождения позво-лит существенно улучшить экономическую структуру и экологическую ситуацию региона.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF IRON WITH SULFUR
Authors:   acad. M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and lnorganic Chemistry NAS of Azerbaijan, AZ, Medzhidzade V.A. , Aliev A.Sh. ,   acad. M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and lnorganic Chemistry NAS of Azerbaijan, AZ, Tagiev D.B. ,   acad. M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and lnorganic Chemistry NAS of Azerbaijan, AZ
Published: January 2021

Снятием потенциодинамических циклических поляризационных кривых на Pt подложках изучена кинетика, механизм процесса (в широком диапазоне потенциалов) и определена область потенциалов совместного электроосаждения Fe с S из неводных электролитов. Структура, стехиометрия и морфология тонких пленок Fe-S, осажденных потенциостатическим и гальваностатическим методами, определены с помощью СЭМ и рентгенофазового анализа.
ON THE FRACTAL EQUATION OF WATER STATE IN DIFFERENT AGGREGATE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Institute for Geothermal and Renewable Energy Problems - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magomedov R.A.
Published: January 2021

В рамках обобщения термодинамики в формализме производных дробного порядка получено однопараметрическое «фрактальное» уравнение состояния с учетом второго ви-риального коэффициента. В докладе приводятся расчеты теплофизических параметров воды (водяного пара) Т=413,15 К; Т=800 К; Т=900 К и интервале давлений Р от 1 до 10 МПа, в том числе в околокритической области (на линии насыщения при Т=647,15 К и Р=22,56 МПа).
GEOTHERMAL HEAT SUPPLY OF KRASNODARSKY, STAVROPOL REGION AND THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin,, Butuzov V. A.
Published: January 2021

Краснодарский, Ставропольский края и Республика Адыгея в геологическом и геотермальном отношении являются единым регионом, который занимает в России третье место по запасам геотермальных месторождений и числу пробуренных на них скважин после Камчатки и Дагестана. В регионе разведано 22 геотермальных месторождения, на которых пробурено 105 скважин. Общие запасы геотермальных вод региона – 55 тыс. м3/сутки. Максимальная добыча геотермальной воды в объеме 9 млн. м3 была достигнута в 1983 г. В 2019 г. она составила 2 млн. м3. Описаны геологические условия и особенности формирования геотермальных месторождений региона. Приведены характеристики наиболее крупных месторождений, описаны технологии их разработки. Представлены результаты геотермальных исследований с сороковых годов прошлого века до настоящего времени. Приведены принципиальные тепловые схемы эксплуатируемых геотермальных систем теплоснабжения, описана практика их использования для бальнеолечения.
Review : Enterocyn from Enterococcus Genus as a Probiotic, Antimicrobial and Biopreservative
Authors: Alang Hasria -
Published: January 2021

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is agras, produces antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocin. It can reduce its dependence on antibiotic use. Enterococcus is one of member LA.B. This bacterium has a short and paired chain shape and produces bacteriocin called enterocin. This compound can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes that cause disease and food spoilage, so that it can be used as an antimicrobial and biopreservative and also as a probiotic candidate. The use of Enterococcus as a probiotic and biopreservative is often disputed. However, some studies suggest that cases of bacteremia and urinary tract infections by the genus only occur in people who have immune compromised and enterococcus that have been resistant to vancomycin.
EVOLUCIÓN NORMATIVA DEL DELITO DE DEFRAUDACIÓN TRIBUTARIA EN EL ECUADOR
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Chimborazo Andrés , Vilcacundo Xavier ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Published: January 2021

El delito de defraudación tributaria tiene particularidades especiales que a través del tiempo han complicado su investigación, ya que en un principio cuando este delito se encontraba en el libro IV del Código Tributario exigía como requisito de procedibilidad la determinación hecha por el sujeto activo y en dicho acto administrativo debía establecerse la presunción de la responsabilidad penal, luego a la vigencia del Código Orgánico Integral Penal COIP, se mantiene la determinación tributaria de manera general como requisito sine qua non, y; finalmente en una posterior reforma al COIP se cambia la obligatoriedad de que exista una determinación tributaria por las actuaciones que induzcan a error a la administración tributaria, siendo la administración tributaria un elemento del tipo conceptualmente más amplio que la facultad determinadora o la autodeterminación. El presente artículo por tanto es un aporte respecto al análisis e interpretación correcta que debe darse al delito de defraudación desde el punto de vista de su evolución y el momento en el que se haya cometido la presunta infracción de tipo penal.
PERCEPCIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL EN INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR 2020 - 2020
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Chávez Margoth , Rivera Vladimir ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Haro Giovanny ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Published: January 2021

El análisis de la conectividad para la educación virtual en las Instituciones de Educación Superior y específicamente en la carrera Contabilidad y Auditoría de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar en el periodo académico junio-septiembre 2020, tuvo como objetivo analizar las problemáticas que presentan los estudiantes al momento de acceder a la educación virtual y conocer su percepción sobre el nuevo proceso educativo. En tiempos de pandemia optar por las clases virtuales implica tener un ambiente educativo amplio y pertinente que responda a las necesidades de los universitarios; para lo cual se utilizó un tipo de investigación de campo, explicativa y descriptiva; con un diseño transversal y enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo; a través del método inductivo, deductivo y analítico. También se aplicó técnicas de recolección de datos primarios mediante la encuesta; en donde se evidenció que, las clases virtuales disminuyen el nivel de aprendizaje considerando que, se pierde el nexo directo entre el docente y estudiante, minimizando la organización de grupos de estudio. Se propone que se utilicen canales de comunicación óptimos para mejorar la interactividad; se realice orientaciones motivacionales con énfasis en la resiliencia; capacitaciones de uso de diferentes plataformas; innovación al ejecutar tareas; creación de una cultura de autoeducación; motivar a la investigación y desarrollo de capacidades. Se concluyó que, el proceso de autoaprendizaje se concreta de manera eficaz y dinámica en la medida que se hace permanente la actividad por el planteamiento de mejoras para el aprendizaje virtual y lograr que los estudiantes de Contabilidad y Auditoría sean competitivos en el ámbito laboral con distintas actividades de aprendizaje
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Novayanti Noorhayati , Sundari Sri Wahyuni
Published: January 2021

Kesehatan pada usia remaja merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam siklus kehidupanindividu. Masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh remaja adalah anemia. Anemiapada remaja dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, jika tidak medapatkan penangananyang tepat maka dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah mengkaji status anemia pada remaja putri SMA. Penelitian inimenggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (CrossSectional), subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA sejumlah 58 orang. Penelitiandilaksanakan di SMAN 8 dan SMAN 2 Kota Tasikmalaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa karakteristik responden berdasarkan umur sebagian besar 17 tahun sebanyak45 orang (77,6%). Hasil pengukuran antropometri menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besarberada pada status IMT normal sebanyak 75,9%, IMT kurus 20,7%, dan IMT gemuk3,4%. Prevalensi anemia sebesar 74,1% dengan rincian anemia ringan sebesar 32,5%,anemia sedang sebesar 65,1% dan anemia berat sebesar 2,3%. Simpulan dari penelitianini adalah jumlah remaja yang mengalami anemia sebesar 74,1%.
Mathematical description of a bounded oil reservoir with a horizontal well
Authors: Nzomo T. K. , Adewole S. E , Awuor K. O , Oyoo D. O.
Published: January 2021

When horizontal wells are compared with verticals wells, their production is always higher. If their performance can be improved, they can even be more productive. Considering a horizontal well in a completely bounded oil reservoir, when the well has been producing for some time and the effect of the boundaries is evident on the flow, the pressure distribution can be approximated by considering the effects of the boundaries on the flow. Considering when a pseudosteady state flow is attained this study presents a mathematical model for approximating pressure distribution for late time for a horizontal well in an oil reservoir with sealed boundaries. We use appropriate Source and Green’s functions to develop the model. The model developed show that when the flow reaches all the boundaries a pseudosteady state flow is attained and thus pressure distribution is influenced by the oil reservoir geometry especially its width and length. Considering that the thickness of the oil reservoir will be small compared to the length of the well, the oil reservoir width and length will determine the pressure response. This will influence the flow period occurring. By considering all aspects of the flow, the model can be applied to approximate the pressure distribution for as long as the well can continue producing.
Mathematical description of a bounded oil reservoir with a horizontal well
Authors: Nzomo T. K. , Adewole S. E , Awuor K. O , Oyoo D. O.
Published: January 2021

Horizontal wells are more productive compared to vertical wells if their performance is optimized. For a completely bounded oil reservoir, immediately the well is put into production, the boundaries of the oil reservoir have no effect on the flow. The pressure distribution thus can be approximated with this into consideration. When the flow reaches either the vertical or the horizontal boundaries of the reservoir, the effect of the boundaries can be factored into the pressure distribution approximation. In this paper we consider the above cases and present a detailed mathematical model that can be used for short time approximation of the pressure distribution for a horizontal well with sealed boundaries. The models are developed using appropriate Green’s and source functions. In all the models developed the effect of the oil reservoir boundaries as well as the oil reservoir parameters determine the flow period experienced. In particular, the effective permeability relative to horizontal anisotropic permeability, the width and length of the reservoir influence the pressure response. The models developed can be used to approximate and analyze the pressure distribution for horizontal wells during a short time of production. The models presented show that the dimensionless pressure distribution is affected by the oil reservoir geometry and the respective directional permeabilities.
A Chemomechanobiological Model of the Long-Term Healing Response of Arterial Tissue to a Clamping Injury
Authors: Maes Lauranne , Vastmans Julie , Avril Stéphane , Famaey Nele
Published: January 2021

Vascular clamping often causes injury to arterial tissue, leading to a cascade of cellular and extracellular events. A reliable in silico prediction of these processes following vascular injury could help us to increase our understanding thereof, and eventually optimize surgical techniques or drug delivery to minimize the amount of long-term damage. However, the complexity and interdependency of these events make translation into constitutive laws and their numerical implementation particularly challenging. We introduce a finite element simulation of arterial clamping taking into account acute endothelial denudation, damage to extracellular matrix, and smooth muscle cell loss. The model captures how this causes tissue inflammation and deviation from mechanical homeostasis, both triggering vascular remodeling. A number of cellular processes are modeled, aiming at restoring this homeostasis, i.e., smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and the production of extracellular matrix. We calibrated these damage and remodeling laws by comparing our numerical results to in vivo experimental data of clamping and healing experiments. In these same experiments, the functional integrity of the tissue was assessed through myograph tests, which were also reproduced in the present study through a novel model for vasodilator and -constrictor dependent smooth muscle contraction. The simulation results show a good agreement with the in vivo experiments. The computational model was then also used to simulate healing beyond the duration of the experiments in order to exploit the benefits of computational model predictions. These results showed a significant sensitivity to model parameters related to smooth muscle cell phenotypes, highlighting the pressing need to further elucidate the biological processes of smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in the future.
Opportunities and Challenges for Microbial Synthesis of Fatty Acid-Derived Chemicals (FACs)
Authors: Liu Yilan , Benitez Mauricio Garcia , Chen Jinjin , Harrison Emma , Khusnutdinova Anna N. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan
Published: January 2021

Global warming and uneven distribution of fossil fuels worldwide concerns have spurred the development of alternative, renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly resources. From an engineering perspective, biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived chemicals (FACs) is an attractive and promising solution to produce chemicals from abundant renewable feedstocks and carbon dioxide in microbial chassis. However, several factors limit the viability of this process. This review first summarizes the types of FACs and their widely applications. Next, we take a deep look into the microbial platform to produce FACs, give an outlook for the platform development. Then we discuss the bottlenecks in metabolic pathways and supply possible solutions correspondingly. Finally, we highlight the most recent advances in the fast-growing model-based strain design for FACs biosynthesis.
Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Transcriptional Activation Screening in Metformin Resistance Related Gene of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiahong , Huang Yaqiang , Tang Zhenfeng , Li Maozhang , Ling Xiaohui , Liao Jinxian , Zhou Xiaobo , Fang Shumin , Zhao Haibo , Zhong Weide , Yuan Xia
Published: January 2021

Metformin is a classic type II diabetes drug which possesses anti-tumor properties for various cancers. However, different cancers do not respond to metformin with the same effectiveness or acquire resistance. Thus, searching for vulnerabilities of metformin-resistant prostate cancer is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficiency of the drug. A genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 activation library search targeting 23,430 genes was conducted to identify the genes that confer resistance to metformin in prostate cancer cells. Candidate genes were selected by total reads of sgRNA and sgRNA diversity, and then a CCK8 assay was used to verify their resistance to metformin. Interestingly, we discovered that the activation of ECE1, ABCA12, BPY2, EEF1A1, RAD9A, and NIPSNAP1 contributed to in vitro resistance to metformin in DU145 and PC3 cell lines. Notably, a high level of RAD9A, with poor prognosis in PCa, was the most significant gene in the CCK8 assay. Furthermore, we discerned the tumor immune microenvironment with RAD9A expression by CIBERSORT. These results suggested that a high level of RAD9A may upregulate regulatory T cells to counterbalance metformin in the tumor immune microenvironment.
Improving Pulmonary Infection Diagnosis with Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Qian Yi-Yi , Wang Hong-Yu , Zhou Yang , Zhang Hao-Cheng , Zhu Yi-Min , Zhou Xian , Ying Yue , Cui Peng , Wu Hong-Long , Zhang Wen-Hong , Jin Jia-Lin , Ai Jing-Wen
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary infections are among the most common and important infectious diseases due to their high morbidity and mortality, especially in older and immunocompromised individuals. However, due to the limitations in sensitivity and the long turn-around time (TAT) of conventional diagnostic methods, pathogen detection and identification methods for pulmonary infection with greater diagnostic efficiency are urgently needed. In recent years, unbiased metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has been widely used to detect different types of infectious pathogens, and is especially useful for the detection of rare and newly emergent pathogens, showing better diagnostic performance than traditional methods. There has been limited research exploring the application of mNGS for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic efficiency and clinical impact of mNGS on pulmonary infections. A total of 100 respiratory samples were collected from patients diagnosed with pulmonary infection in Shanghai, China. Conventional methods, including culture and standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel analysis for respiratory tract viruses, and mNGS were used for the pathogen detection in respiratory samples. The difference in the diagnostic yield between conventional methods and mNGS demonstrated that mNGS had higher sensitivity than traditional culture for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi (95% vs 54%; p<0.001). Although mNGS had lower sensitivity than PCR for diagnosing viral infections, it identified 14 viral species that were not detected using conventional methods, including multiple subtypes of human herpesvirus. mNGS detected viruses with a genome coverage >95% and a sequencing depth >100× and provided reliable phylogenetic and epidemiological information. mNGS offered extra benefits, including a shorter TAT. As a complementary approach to conventional methods, mNGS could help improving the identification of respiratory infection agents. We recommend the timely use of mNGS when infection of mixed or rare pathogens is suspected, especially in immunocompromised individuals and or individuals with severe conditions that require urgent treatment.
The Potential for Ocean-Based Climate Action: Negative Emissions Technologies and Beyond
Authors: Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Williamson Phillip , Duarte Carlos M. , Magnan Alexandre K.
Published: January 2021

The effectiveness, feasibility, duration of effects, co-benefits, disbenefits, cost effectiveness and governability of four ocean-based negative emissions technologies (NETs) are assessed in comparison to eight other ocean-based measures. Their role in revising UNFCCC Parties' future Nationally Determined Contributions is discussed in the broad context of ocean-based actions for both mitigation and ecological adaptation. All measures are clustered in three policy-relevant categories (Decisive, Low Regret, Concept Stage). None of the ocean-based NETs assessed are identified as Decisive at this stage. One is Low Regret (Restoring and increasing coastal vegetation), and three are at Concept Stage, one with low to moderate potential disbenefits (Marine bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) and two with potentially high disbenefits (Enhancing open-ocean productivity and Enhancing weathering and alkalinization). Ocean-based NETs are uncertain but potentially highly effective. They have high priority for research and development.
Vegetation Monitoring Optimization With Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Evapotranspiration Using Remote Sensing Measurements and Land Surface Models Over East Africa
Authors: Pervez Shahriar , McNally Amy , Arsenault Kristi , Budde Michael , Rowland James
Published: January 2021

The majority of people in East Africa rely on the agro-pastoral system for their livelihood, which is highly vulnerable to droughts and flooding. Agro-pastoral droughts are endemic to the region and are considered the main natural hazard that contributes to food insecurity. Drought begins with rainfall deficit, gradually leading to soil moisture deficit, higher land surface temperature, and finally impacts to vegetation growth. Therefore, monitoring vegetation conditions is essential in understanding the progression of drought, potential effects on food security, and providing early warning information needed for drought mitigation decisions. Because vegetation processes couple the land and atmosphere, monitoring of vegetation conditions requires consideration of both water provision and demand. While there is consensus in using either the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or evapotranspiration (ET) for vegetation monitoring, a comprehensive assessment optimizing the use of both has not yet been done. Moreover, the evaluation methods for understanding the relationships between NDVI and ET for vegetation monitoring are also limited. Taking these gaps into account we have developed a framework to optimize vegetation monitoring using both NDVI and ET by identifying where they perform the best by using triple collocation and cross-correlation methods. We estimated the random error structure in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI; ET from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model; and ET from land surface models (LSMs). LSM ET and SSEBop ET have been found to be better indicators for vegetation monitoring during extreme drought events, while NDVI could provide better information on vegetation condition during wetter than normal conditions. The random error structures of these variables suggest that LSM ET is most likely to provide important information for vegetation monitoring over low and high ends of the vegetation fraction areas. Over moderate vegetative areas, any of these variables could provide important vegetation information for drought characterization and food security assessments. While this study provides a framework for optimizing vegetation monitoring for drought and food security assessments over East Africa, the framework can be adopted to optimize vegetation monitoring over any other drought and food insecure region of the world.