bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fanon and Tran Duc Thao: The Making of French Anticolonialism
Authors: Renault Matthieu
Published: February 2015

This article is a contribution to the study of the making of French anticolonialism. It explores the possible links between Fanon's thought and that of the Vietnamese philosopher Tran Duc Thao. One of the first to introduce Husserl's phenomenology into France, Tran Duc Thao also wrote several essays about the colonial situation in Indochina; emphasizing Manichaeism and the divide between the consciousnesses of the colonizer and the colonized, he paved the way for a genuine anticolonial phenomenology that Fanon was to extend. Thao's later break with phenomenology and his (apparent) embrace of an ‘orthodox’ Marxism invites us to reassess the meaning of Fanon's call to stretch the boundaries of Marxism and translate it in the colonial situation.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones and Thiones Catalyzed by a Novel Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Zhang Xiaomei , Huang Jianbin , Liu Chenjiang
Published: February 2015

We report here an efficient and green method for Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehydes, β-ketoesters and urea or thiourea catalyzed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [Btto][p-TSA] under solvent-free conditions. Compared to the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, the present method has the advantages of giving good yields, short reaction times, near room temperature conditions and the avoidance of the use of organic solvents and metal catalyst.
Design and Test of a Low-Cost RGB Sensor for Online Measurement of Microalgae Concentration within a Photo-Bioreactor
Authors: Benavides Micaela , Mailier Johan , Hantson Anne-Lise , Muñoz Gerardo , Vargas Alejandro , Van Impe Jan , Vande Wouwer Alain
Published: February 2015

In this study, a low-cost RGB sensor is developed to measure online the microalgae concentration within a photo-bioreactor. Two commercially available devices, i.e., a spectrophotometer for offline measurements and an immersed probe for online measurements, are used for calibration and comparison purposes. Furthermore, the potential of such a sensor for estimating other variables is illustrated with the design of an extended Luenberger observer.
Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole Film for Sensing of Clofibric Acid
Authors: Schweiger Bianca , Kim Jungtae , Kim Young , Ulbricht Mathias
Published: February 2015

Piezoelectric quartz crystals and analogous gold substrates were electrochemically coated with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole films for pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) of clofibric acid, a metabolite of clofibrate. Cyclic voltammetry data obtained during polymerization and deposited weight estimations revealed a decrease of the polymerization rate with increasing clofibric acid concentration. XPS measurements indicated that clofibric acid could be removed after imprinting with an aqueous ethanol solution, which was further optimized by using PAD. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements revealed differences between molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) layers. Binding experiments with clofibric acid and other substances showed a pronounced selectivity of the MIP for clofibric acid vs. carbamazepine, but the response of MIP and NIP to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was higher than that for clofibric acid. A smooth surface, revealed by AFM measurements, with roughness of 6–8 nm for imprinted and non-imprinted layers, might be a reason for an excessively low density of specific binding sites for clofibric acid. Furthermore, the decreased polymerization rate in the presence of clofibric acid might not result in well-defined polymer structures, which could be the reason for the lower sensitivity.
Les communautés épistémiques pénales et la production législative en matière criminelle
Authors: Enguéléguélé Stéphane
Published: February 2015

Penal Epistemic Communities and the Making of Criminal Law Norms.

Rediscovering the heuristic potential of Max Weber's patterns, researchers in the field of légal sociology present law as an operative fiction in the social regulation process. In many monographies on the penal field, the making of criminal law is depicted as a game between actors who want to achieve specific goals in the process. The concept of « penal epistemic communities » will help to evaluate the influence of knowledge on the building of penal strategies, and to weigh the action potential of social networks on the penal field, whose members try to orient the formal response to criminal problems.
Culture britannique et culture européenne : éléments d'une évolution politico-juridique
Authors: Leroy-Forgeot Flora
Published: February 2015

L’entrée de la Grande-Bretagne dans l’Union européenne a entraîné une profonde évolution, tant symbolique qu’institutionnelle, de sa culture politico-juridique, qui s’est opérée en fonction de deux principes : identification de points communs entre la culture britannique et la culture européenne, et identification d’un gain probable dans le changement. Cette évolution peut être lue à différents niveaux : modification du fonctionnement des partis politiques et syndicats, et création de clivages en leur sein ; gains d’autonomie et de pouvoir de certains groupes politiques et collectivités locales à travers la création de liens étroits avec leurs équivalents dans d’autres pays européens ; remise en question de la société et de sa hiérarchisation ; modification de certains aspects de la logique juridique...
Citoyenneté et légitimité. Le patriotisme constitutionnel comme fondement de la référence identitaire
Authors: Coutu Michel
Published: February 2015

Habermas défend un patriotisme constitutionnel fondé sur l'adhésion aux principes universalistes sous-tendant l'État de droit, par opposition au sentiment particulariste d'appartenance à la nation comme entité historique concrète. De fait la notion de patriotisme constitutionnel permet de saisir certains aspects spécifiques des processus de construction de la citoyenneté au Canada notamment depuis l'entrée en vigueur de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Cette notion présente néanmoins, sur le plan sociologique, de sérieuses difficultés d'application au contexte canadien et québécois. Ces difficultés trouvent leur origine dans les présupposés théoriques qui orientent la perspective habermassienne : celle-ci néglige à la fois la force de motivation requise par l'édification d'une identité nationale, la nature agonique du politique qui se fait jour à travers le débat constitutionnel canadien et la présence de principes contradictoires de légitimité qu'il n'est nullement possible de réduire à l'univocité.
La constitution du système Schengen : son impact sur les acteurs locaux du contrôle
Authors: de Lemos Capeller Wanda
Published: February 2015

The Constitution of the Schengen System : Its Impact Upon Local Actors.

The European Union has been defining new "regional" strategies of control implemented through intergovernmental conventions for several decades. The Schengen agreements, ratified in 1985, were designed as compensatory mechanisms to lessen the effects resulting from the free circulation of goods and people. This article analyses the Schengen System' s process of structuring and presents certain facts drawn from a field study whose objectives were to evaluate the impact of this System on local actors of control and their daily practices on either side of the French and Spanish border. This impact was evaluated in relation to both the practical and discursive conscience of those accomplishing the control, particularly those most directly involved in the task.
Commentaire. Les magistrats et l'autorité
Authors: Mincke Christophe
Published: February 2015

La présente étude constitue un commentaire théorique d'une table ronde réunissant des magistrats français et ayant pour thème leur rapport à l'autorité dans l'exercice de leur profession. À partir d'un questionnement sur la signification du concept d'autorité, il s'est agi d'analyser la position des magistrats par rapport à ce mode de contrôle des justiciables, qui est à la fois le moteur de leur action et le centre de gravité des exigences qui pèsent sur eux. Cette démarche a débouché sur deux enseignements : d'une part, la notion d'autorité doit être précisée à la lumière du fonctionnement paradoxal de ses principaux modes de légitimation ; d'autre part, dans le contexte social actuel, l'efficacité des modes de légitimation traditionnels de l'autorité des magistrats s'affaiblit considérablement, influant sur leur capacité à remplir leurs fonctions.
Situation de décision : une analyse des pratiques d'attribution d'argent public
Authors: Ogien Albert
Published: February 2015

La prise de décision est souvent envisagée comme une procédure dont l'objet est de construire un accord au terme d'une délibération. Cet article défend l'idée que la construction d'un accord suppose l'existence d'une connaissance préalable à la délibération. À partir de l'observation de plusieurs commissions d'attribution d'argent public, il décrit le rôle que joue cette connaissance préalable dans le processus de décision. Il montre comment la situation impose le recours à certaines catégories de jugement et comment les décisions résultent d'un ajustement simultané à un phénomène (élaborer ou annoncer une décision) et à une situation (la structure des attentes imposée à l'action en contexte).
Le paradoxe de la gauche française au pouvoir : développement des libertés judiciaires et continuité de la dépendance de la Justice
Authors: Bancaud Alain
Published: February 2015

The Paradox of the French Left in Power : Development of Judicial Liberties and the Continuity of the Judicial System' s Dependence.

The partial opening of the Republic' s Presidential archives (1981-1983) shows that the Left' s arrival in office, aside important reforms improving freedom, is marked by a political will to control judicial nominations and to intervene both in the management of affairs and the implementation of legal decisions. The attachaient of politics to such privileges, that are traditional, is not only related to a fear of a government of judges or the desire to guarantee a kind of judicial impunity : its practice allows the president of the Republic to appear like a suprême judge and to thus confirm his authority over citizens, political figures and notables alike.
Droit de la Sécurité sociale et réalité de l'organisation : l'exemple de la branche famille
Authors: Choquet Luc-Henry , Sayn Isabelle
Published: February 2015

Social Security Law and the Reality of the Organisation : The Family Section as an Example.

The Family section of the Social Security System is supposed to distribute benefits such as family benefits, single parent benefits, or a minimum income support. This activity is meant to link formal equality based on texts with actual equality when dealing with individual cases. This paper discusses the steps taken by the organisation which favour interpretation by the accumulation of secondary rules over legal qualification.
La complexité dans l'analyse du système-monde : l'environnement et les régulations mondiales
Authors: Milani Carlos
Published: February 2015

Dans un contexte marqué par le bouleversement des rapports politiques et économiques, les analyses traditionnelles du système-monde ne nous permettent plus d'avoir une interprétation correcte des faits sociaux contemporains. La sociologie des relations internationales arrive facilement à faire une analyse destructrice du désordre mondial. Or, le postulat de société mondiale admis par cette discipline présuppose la régulation et Y ordre. C'est pour cela que, derrière l'optique sociologique, il faudrait chercher la construction d'un système ordonné au niveau mondial. Notre problématique principale est de démontrer qu'il est possible de refonder l'ordre en relations internationales à partir de la prise en compte de l'environnement.
La supervision en travail social. Une approche de la complexité bricolée au quotidien
Authors: Christen Micheline
Published: February 2015

L'action sociale et éducative est mise en œuvre par des professionnels nommés « travailleurs sociaux », agissant dans un environnement sociétal qui les marginalise autant que les publics auprès desquels ils interviennent. Les aider à rester créatifs dans un contexte de crise durable et à conserver des marges de manœuvre malgré les pressions multiples qui s'exercent sur eux nécessite de les former à penser et agir dans la complexité. Cet article tente de montrer comment un tel apprentissage est possible, dans le cadre de la supervision des pratiques.
La complexité comme paradigme pour concevoir une régulation juridique adéquate
Authors: Diebolt Serge
Published: February 2015

Complexity as a Paradigm for Drawing a « Satisficing » Legal Regulation.

A morphogenetic study of the co-evolution of societies and their legal Systems requires the use of new paradigms, going beyond a strictly positivist framework. A non-paradoxical explanation of a movement with a succession of single pictures is impossible, except if complex and constructivist paradigms are used. Well-defined concepts can give a « satisficing » representation of reality. This makes it possible to suggest a model of the emergence of a legally regulated social System. This type of projective modelling, combining deconstruction and simulation, can be useful in a legistic process, by allowing the evaluation of the foreseeable and non foreseeable consequences of norms.
Les politiques de la vérité familiale : le droit entre la science et le marché
Authors: Assier-Andrieu Louis
Published: February 2015

Ce texte prend acte de la remise en cause des principes du droit de l'humain par la biologisation des termes de la procréation et l'organisation de la société sur des bases marchandes, contractuelles et individualistes. Entre la science et le marché, il aborde l'inscription du droit de la famille et de parenté sur l'agenda politique qui désormais subsume les vérités héritées de l'ancienne césure entre nature et culture. Comment envisager la remise à plat du droit de l'humain dans un cadre démocratique ? Tel est l'horizon de ce bilan critique de la pluralité des savoirs guidé par l'anthropologie du droit.
Land Ahoy: How Cruise Passengers Decide on Their Shore Experience
Authors: Thyne Maree , Henry James , Lloyd Nikki
Published: February 2015

Today, the cruise industry has become one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry with an ever increasing number of international ports-of-call welcoming cruise ships to their shore. Whereas once the cost of a cruise ship vacation included accommodation, meals, entertainment,
and onshore activities, pressure to reduce prices and increasing competition has meant that onshore activities are mostly no longer included in the overall ticket price. As a result, passengers individually decide and purchase any onshore activities they may wish to engage in (although much
of this "purchasing" takes place on board, which means the cruise ship collects a large fee for making the sale). While there has been an abundance of academic literature that has focused on the information search processes general tourists undertake, there is a gap in the literature surrounding
the processes that cruise ship passengers undertake both before and during their cruise. To understand passenger information search procedures, we undertook in-depth interviews with cruise passengers during their cruise. In total, 140 interviews were undertaken, with a main objective being
to understand the amount of information sourced on the destinations that were being visited as ports of call. This article reports on the analysis of the results and discusses the implications for port development as well as cruise marketing.
Making Waves: Examining the Interface Between Cruise Tourism and Destination Community in Akaroa, New Zealand
Authors: Wilson Jude , Shone Michael C. , Simmons David G. , Stewart Emma
Published: February 2015

This article reports on a study of community attitudes to cruise tourism in Akaroa, New Zealand. An important dimension of this study is the significant rate of growth in cruise arrivals over a short period of time as the result of the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquakes. Data were collected
via a postal survey of the Akaroa community, and yielded a response rate of 56.6% (n = 316). The results indicate that despite the recent growth in arrivals, the Akaroa community holds a largely favorable opinion of cruise tourism. Importantly, the impacts identified by respondents
were more closely aligned to threats to their identity as a destination, rather than problems with tourism, per se.
Cruise Tourism in Iceland and the North Atlantic: Gateways to the Arctic and the Challenges to Port Readiness Programs
Authors: Huijbens Edward H.
Published: February 2015

This article details the findings of research undertaken on cruise ship operations around Iceland and in the North Atlantic in the year 2013 and until the end of the summer season 2014. The focus of the research was on the socioeconomic impact of cruise ship arrivals on small and/or
peripheral destinations in Iceland, set within the context of cruise tourism development in the North Atlantic and the Arctic more broadly. The article details who can expect to receive benefits from cruise ship arrivals in a peripheral destination in Iceland. The findings demonstrate that
Iceland is largely dependent on big cruise ships for the accrued benefit, yet opportunities exist for smaller harbors to cater to expedition-type vessels, vessels that are indeed doing arctic exploration, and Iceland could function as the gateway harbor, with well-developed infrastructure
for these purposes.
Effects of floral metal accumulation on floral visitor communities: Introducing the elemental filter hypothesis
Authors: Meindl George A. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn
Published: February 2015

• Premise of the study: For plant species that occur in heavy‐metal‐rich soil, floral metal accumulation may produce an “elemental filter” that reduces pollinator visitation rate and species richness and changes pollinator species composition relative to closely related species growing on normal soils. Consequently, metal hyperaccumulation may contribute to pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation between closely related plant species that differ in metal accumulation.

• Methods: To test these ideas, we characterized plant–pollinator interactions in a sympatric pair of species that differ in metal accumulation (Streptanthus polygaloides, a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator, and S. tortuosus, a nonaccumulator). To test the elemental filter hypothesis, we presented arrays of S. polygaloides that were grown in either Ni‐treated or control soils to insects at both S. polygaloides and S. tortuosus sites and recorded visitation.

• Key results: Naturally occurring S. polygaloides hyperaccumulated Ni in anthers and accumulated Ni in nectar, while S. tortuosus did not. Floral visitation rates in natural populations were higher to S. tortuosus than S. polygaloides. In addition, while floral visitor richness was similar, few pollinator taxa were shared between the two plant species. Nickel‐treatment of S. polygaloides reduced visits by bees, but only for arrays presented at S. tortuosus sites.

• Conclusions: We show that the Ni hyperaccumulator S. polygaloides hosts a distinct floral visitor community, indicating that metal accumulation creates a filter for pollinators, similar to that documented for herbivores. Our study highlights a novel mechanism by which the abiotic environment can alter plant–pollinator interactions, and consequently plant reproduction and speciation.
BAYESIAN-NETWORK-BASED FALL RISK EVALUATION OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS BY FAULT TREE TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Leu Sou-Sen , Chang Ching-Miao
Published: February 2015

A fall (also referred to as a tumble) is the most common type of accident at steel construction (SC) sites. To reduce the risk of falls, current site safety management relies mainly on checklist evaluations. However, current onsite inspection is conducted under passive supervision, which fails to provide early warning to occupational accidents. To overcome the limitations of the traditional approach, this paper presents the development of a fall risk assessment model for SC projects by establishing a Bayesian network (BN) based on fault tree (FT) transformation. The model can enhance site safety management through an improved understanding of the probability of fall risks obtained from the analysis of the causes of falls and their relationships in the BN. In practice, based on the analysis of fall risks and safety factors, proper preventive safety management strategies can be established to reduce the occurrences of fall accidents at SC sites.
Association between Serum Cortisol and DHEA-S Levels and Response to Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Babinkostova Zoja , Stefanovski Branislav , Janicevic-Ivanovska Danijela , Samardziska Valentina
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that alterations in serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. AIM: To compare serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and to evaluate their association with the response to antipsychotic treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this clinical prospective study were included 60 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. Clinical evaluation of patients was performed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. A questionnaire for socio-demographic and clinical data collection was used. For the purposes of the study, the examined group was divided in two subgroups: responders and nonresponders. Serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels were measured at baseline in all participants and after 3 and 6 weeks of the antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia.RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels in comparison to the control group. Responders had significantly higher serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels compared with nonresponders.CONCLUSION: Elevated serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and they may be related to positive response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia.
Association between Macronutrients Intake, Visceral Obesity and Blood Pressure in a Sample of Obese Egyptian Women
Authors: Hassan Nayera E. , El Shebini Salwa M. , Ahmed Nihad H. , Mostafa Mohamed Selim
Published: February 2015

AIM: Study the association between the total caloric intake, protein, lipid, and some classes of fatty acids of the diet, and their effects on blood pressure in a sample of Egyptian obese women with and without visceral obesity.METHODS: Five hundred forty-nine obese women were included in the study with mean age of 38.1 Â± 11.56 years and mean Body mass index [BMI] of 36.17 Â± 7.23. They enrolled in a program for losing weight. Visceral fat was determined using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured 3 times and the mean was recorded. Twenty four hours dietary recall was reported.RESULTS: Thirty point four percentages of samples has visceral obesity â‰¥ 7cm; they were the older, showed higher values of BMI, visceral obesity and blood pressure. Significant difference was found between groups regarding mean value of BMI, visceral obesity, both systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP and most of the daily macronutrients intake. In groups (2&3) positive significant correlation was recorded between (SBP) & (DBP) and total daily intake of total calories, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and negative significant correlation with total daily intake of total protein, animal and vegetable protein, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, while oleic fatty acid showed negative correlation with SBP&DBP in all groups.CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the hypothesis that the macronutrients composition of diet influences blood pressure in different ways, in obese patients with visceral obesity.
Trajectoires argumentatives et constellations discursives
Authors: Chateauraynaud Francis
Published: February 2015

Tous les grands dossiers concernant les technosciences engagent des visions du futur. Donnant lieu à toutes sortes de jugements et d’évaluations critiques, ces visions peuvent reposer sur des régimes de conviction différents, allant de la promesse technologique à la prophétie de bonheur ou de malheur, prenant la forme d’une alerte, d’une anticipation, d’une prévision, d’une simulation ou d’une prospective, mais aussi du récit de science-fiction qui alimente d’innombrables expériences de pensée. À partir d’une constellation de corpus liés aux nanosciences et nanotechnologies, l’article met en relief les principaux apports d’une enquête socio informatique. Celle-ci fait jouer tour à tour plusieurs logiques épistémiques, en liant exploration quantitative de séries temporelles, analyse de réseaux et analyse argumentative.
Cartographier la trajectoire de l'adaptation dans l'espace des négociations sur le climat
Authors: Baya-Laffite Nicolas , Cointet Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2015

Les négociations au sein de Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) connaissaient une inflation thématique incessante à l’aune des intérêts et cadrages souvent concurrents des Parties. En témoigne la place acquise par le thème controversé de l’adaptation aux impacts du changement climatique. Cartographier ce phénomène complexe constitue un défi pour l’analyse quali-quantitative des problèmes publics que cet article adresse en présentant et en discutant une expérience de production et visualisation de données sur configuration de l’espace thématique des négociations et son déploiement dans le temps. Par un changement d’échelle et des allers-retours entre visualisation et narration, il est dès lors possible de réduire et redire la complexité pour rendre compte de la trajectoire de l’adaptation. Celui-ci n’est, cependant, qu’un exemple parmi les multiples histoires, fondées sur la modélisation des données, qui peuvent être produites. Ainsi, ce type de visualisations porte un potentiel en tant qu’objet frontière pour discuter les enjeux passés, présents et futurs à l’aune d’une vue synoptique du processus.
El efecto Cajal: análisis bibliométrico del Programa Ramón y Cajal en la Universidad de Granada
Authors: Torres-Salinas Daniel , Jiménez-Contreras Evaristo
Published: February 2015

Se presenta una evaluación de la aportación a la producción científica de los contratados Ramón y Cajal de la Universidad de Granada. Para ello se contextualiza a nivel nacional el número de contratados Ramón y Cajal de la Universidad de Granada y se analiza su productividad e impacto en la Web of Science. Los resultados revelan que un 79% de los Ramones y Cajales se estabilizaron en la universidad. Han firmado el 10% de los trabajos siendo un 4% del Personal Docente e Investigador. Su productividad es de 2,29 artículos al año frente al 0,66 del resto de doctores de la Universidad de Granada. Publican en revistas científicas de mayor impacto y tienen un promedio de citas más elevado. Finalmente, se concluye, que una carga docente inferior y procesos de evaluación con criterios más exigentes, son claros factores que determinan el mejor rendimiento de los contratados Ramón y Cajal.
Accesibilidad web en el espacio universitario público argentino
Authors: Laitano María Inés
Published: February 2015

El estudio presenta un primer diagnóstico de accesibilidad web realizado en 2012 sobre una muestra de páginas del espacio universitario público argentino. La evaluación comprueba el cumplimiento de las Pautas de Accesibilidad para el Contenido Web (WCAG) en su versión 2.0, contemplando las recomendaciones metodológicas del World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Los resultados sugieren que las barreras de accesibilidad web encontradas son mayoritariamente graves (nivel A). Las más frecuentes están relacionadas con la sintaxis del lenguaje de marcado, con la presentación del contenido, con el contenido no textual y con la legibilidad visual del texto. De igual modo se muestra que ciertos grupos de personas podrían verse particularmente favorecidos por la solución de estas barreras.
Herramientas de descubrimiento: ¿una ventanilla única?
Authors: Ávila-García Lorena , Ortiz-Repiso Virginia , Rodríguez-Mateos David
Published: February 2015

Las herramientas de descubrimiento (Web scale discovery tools) representan un nuevo sistema de recuperación de información que permite una búsqueda integrada en los diferentes recursos de una biblioteca. El presente trabajo estudia la naturaleza de estas herramientas, creadas para dar respuesta a la fragmentación de las interfaces de consulta. Se exponen las líneas de desarrollo y el mercado de esta nueva categoría de productos, y se propone una serie de criterios para la evaluación y selección de estas herramientas. Asimismo, se investiga su grado de implantación en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas.
The Socializing Role of Expatriate Online Platforms
Authors: Emontspool Julie
Published: February 2015

This chapter discusses the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in expatriates' secondary socialization into new consumption environments. On the basis of the qualitative study of a question and answer platform directed at expatriates in Brussels, this chapter differentiates between market orientation and socialization practices online. It shows how processes of market simplification, market guidance, and market manipulation co-exist both in expatriates' orientation and socialization in the new consumption context. The findings of this study firstly provide insights into the consequences of those online interactions for nationalism, where digital tools may in fact reduce expatriates' cosmopolitanism. Secondly, the study shows how collaborative knowledge construction on those platforms creates new forms of market adaptation.
Cultural Indoctrination
Authors: Christiansen Bryan
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the potential influence of Cultural Indoctrination (CI) on organizations today in an era of global hypercompetition. It is axiomatic that one of the fundamental realities of contemporary globalism is most organizations today must be able to function successfully across cultural (and national) boundaries to sustain a competitive advantage and remain profitable over time. Achieving this goal requires management to appreciate and understand the key factors affecting global business today. However, none of these factors considers in-depth the vastly underresearched area CI we all experience from birth. This chapter examines the following factors involved in cultural indoctrination: Child Development, Cultural Intelligence, Education, Institutionalization, Nationalism and Patriotism, Religion, Self-Efficacy, Social Capital, and Values Orientation Theory (VOT). It is from these factors that a conceptual model is developed for potential future application in management theory and practice.
Multinational Corporations and Social Responsibility
Authors: Calderón Barbara Coca , Naef Josef , Tokarski Kim Oliver
Published: February 2015

Non-governmental organisations often accuse multinational corporations of exploiting the various legal environments in different countries to their advantage in order to avoid the assumption of responsibility for human rights violations or environmental disasters. This empirical study shows that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can, by employing various instruments, increase the likelihood of multinational corporations accepting social and environmental responsibility for their actions. These instruments, ranging from dialogue to scandalisation, are intended to influence corporate behaviour and their use depends on the pressure the NGO wishes to exert on a particular company. All instruments need careful research and the gathering of evidence, including witness statements. To gain public attention the information must be well prepared for the media, resonate in the corporation's domestic market, stimulate concern and be up-to-date. The most promising activities are those that emphasise that economic success could be compromised to the key decision makers within the company.
Cyber Readiness
Authors: Hurley John S. , McGibbon H. Mark , Everetts Roxanne
Published: February 2015

Many of the systems that control the critical infrastructure were not originally designed with security in mind. This has left us vulnerable to unwanted attacks in many of the environments. It has become essential that the authors determine if their infrastructures are better prepared for existing and future threats. In this study, the authors will examine the impact of attacks, including terrorist attacks on critical infrastructures, in particular, the Energy sector. The results show that in spite of the warnings of the threats carried out in various sectors and organizations around the world, they have still remain extremely vulnerable because of a number of critical security issues that hamper their ability to better serve and protect our vital information assets. The authors examine some of the most prominent models being used today and how they may be modified to better serve the needs of their user communities and key stakeholders.
Applicability of Jus in Bello in Cyber Space
Authors: Wang Qifan
Published: February 2015

Computer network attack as a method of warfare has been casting confusing mist upon the application of jus in bello in recent years. Observing that many states are implementing more and more aggressive cyber strategy, an examination of applicable law regulating cyber warfare becomes crucially important. This paper attempts to review the traditional norms of jus in bello and explore their defects in the context of cyber space. Accordingly, in the fist part the author provides the brief introduction of conventional jus in bello and its application in kinetic warfare. Further, the second part explains some special natures of the use of cyber tools in warfare and the third part analyzes the problems of applying the traditional jus in bello in cyber space. Last but not least, the final part gives some conclusive remarks and points out the solutions would be to initiate more international co-operation.
Mouse Usage Biometrics in eLearning Systems
Authors: Chudá Daniela , Krátky Peter
Published: February 2015

Biometrics could be used to suppress impersonation in e-learning systems and thus to improve credibility of exams taken at home. Mouse usage characteristics are cheap and widely accessible alternative to other forms of biometrics reaching promising results in identity verification task. The paper provides preliminary results of cheating detection method based on mouse usage data gathered in an e-learning system. Mouse path is analyzed in deeper by decomposition to arcs and straight segments in order to study single-intent moves and to reveal curve characteristics. The paper also describes preliminary results of predicting learning styles of students according to the characteristics of computer mouse usage patterns for further recommendation of suitable materials.
Diagnosis and Classification of Chronic Renal Failure Utilising Intelligent Data Mining Classifiers
Authors: Al-Hyari Abeer Y. , Al-Taee Ahmad M. , Al-Taee Majid A.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a new clinical decision support system for diagnosing patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) which is not yet thoroughly explored in literature. This paper aims at improving performance of a previously reported CRF diagnosis system which was based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree (DT) and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifying algorithms. This is achieved by utilizing more efficient data mining classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Logistic Regression (LR), in order to: (i) diagnose patients with CRF and (ii) determine the rate at which the disease is progressing. A clinical dataset of more than 100 instances is used in this study. Performance of the developed decision support system is assessed in terms of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and decisions made by consultant specialist physicians. The open source Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis library is used in this study to build and evaluate performance of the developed data mining classifiers. The obtained results showed SVM to be the most accurate (93.14%) when compared to LR as well as other classifiers reported in the previous study. A complete system prototype has been developed and tested successfully with the aid of NHS collaborators to support both diagnosis and long-term management of the disease.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Post Processing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelled Parts
Authors: Rao Addanki Sambasiva , Dharap Medha A. , Venkatesh J. V. L.
Published: February 2015

FDM (Fused Deposition Modelled) parts are chemically treated with two types of chemicals viz Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) and Methyl ethyl ketone to reduce the surface roughness. This chemical treatment method technique not only reduces surface roughness but also makes effect on strength of chemically treated parts of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material. In this study Taguchi method of DOE (Design of Experiments) is conducted on test specimen of “tensile”, “bending” and “izod impact” components which are manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling process using ABS-P400 material. DOE is conducted to optimize the effect of chemical treatment process parameters on strength of above specimen parts. The process parameters considered for the DOE are “different levels of concentration of chemical, temperature, time, layer thickness etc. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is used to know the significance of contribution of each of these parameters. Results reveal that the prototypes when treated at optimum condition the tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact strength improved significantly.
Application of Grey Taguchi based Response Surface Methodology (GT-RSM) in Injection Moulding of Polypropylene/E-glass Composite
Authors: Santhanakumar M. , Adalarasan R.
Published: February 2015

Strong non-linearity combined with the complicated rheological behaviour of polymers makes the quality characteristics of products unpredictable in plastic injection moulding. The purpose of this work is to study the mechanical properties of injection moulded polypropylene/E-glass composites. The process parameters like the melt temperature, injection pressure, packing pressure and cooling time were found to influence the quality characteristics of the produced parts. These four parameters were varied at three levels and a L18 orthogonal array was used for designing and conducting the experiments. Tensile and impact strength (Charpy-notched) were observed as the responses and a new integrated technique of grey Taguchi based response surface methodology (GT-RSM) was disclosed to predict the optimal operating condition. A confirmation test was conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of GT-RSM approach. Injection and packing pressure were found to have statistical significance in influencing the strength of injection moulded polypropylene/E-glass composites.
A Hybrid SaaS/Grid Architecture for Diffusion MRI in Brain Imaging Field
Authors: Benmerar Tarik Zakaria , Kachouane Mouloud , Oulebsir-Boumghar Fatima , Deriche Rachid
Published: February 2015

Acigna-G is an ongoing research project to develop a new hybrid Grid SaaS architecture. The CloudMRI SaaS service is built upon this architecture and is our proof-of-concept for the Diffusion Magnetic Resonance (dMRI) in Brain Imaging Field. The main objective of such architecture is to provide local (Browser) and remote (Grid) intensive computational capabilities, completely abstracted and offered through an intuitive interface to the SaaS user. The result is a combination of an in Browser Rendering and Computation engine, interoperable REST-SOAP Grid Services, and interoperable web-grid authentication mechanisms. Such architecture can allow new types of SaaS Services, specifically for the dMRI in Brain Imaging Field.
On the State of Free and Open Source E-Learning 2.0 Software
Authors: Kose Utku
Published: February 2015

Objective of this article is to provide a brief view on current state of free and open source E-Learning 2.0 software, and discuss about future in the context of free and open source software oriented E-Learning solutions. E-Learning 2.0 is a term, which is used to define E-Learning solutions combining the usage of Web 2.0 technologies, and the related E-Learning aspects, which are widely employed in educational processes. Because it is a current form of E-Learning activities, E-Learning 2.0 and leading free and open source software have been examined briefly under this work; in order to have idea about literature, and the latest developments. Furthermore, some ideas on future of free and open source E-Learning software are also expressed by thinking about potential versions of E-Learning such as E-Learning 3.0, and E-Learning 4.0.
The Effect of Experiential Marketing on Satisfaction of Microblogging Sites
Authors: İşler Didar Büyüker
Published: February 2015

The aim of this research is to examine, the microblogging sites, Twitter which have considerably been used in recent years within the scope of one of the marketing strategies; experimental marketing. In this sense, the impact of the different dimensions of experiential marketing on the satisfaction of the Twitter users was tested by means of social networks. An online survey was published for this purpose and the findings were analyzed within the scope of the hypothesis identified by the SPSS 17.0 program. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used during the study. As a result of the findings, all of the five asserted hypothesis were verified. User satisfaction and all the different dimensions of experiential marketing such as sense, feeling, thinking, acting and familiarizing are in a positive and linear relationship.
Case Study
Authors: Gupta Swarna Biseria , Verma Divya , Singh D. P.
Published: February 2015

In the developing countries, incidence of systemic tuberculosis is very high, with over 8 million new cases each year. The incidence of tuberculous uveitis is also rising correspondingly. It is difficult to diagnose ocular tuberculosis because of the lack of specific ocular findings and specific confirmatory laboratory tests. However, in a developing country like India, where the prevalence of latent tuberculosis is high, uveitis of unexplained cause not fitting into known uveitis entities, in presence of Monteux positivity, is more likely to be tubercular in origin. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antitubercular treatment may result in dramatic drop in recurrence and improve individual patient outcomes.
A Study on the Price Decisions of the Dual-Channel Composite Decision in B2C Mode
Authors: Yang Haoxiong , Wang Wen
Published: February 2015

This paper studies the subject of pricing decisions of online dual-channel based on hybrid decisions wherein a manufacturer introduces direct online marketing channels beyond the traditional online retail channels. The purpose is to study how to balance the interests of different online channels and maximize the overall efficiency of the channel. Having considered both online channels' satisfaction and the hidden costs of channel selection, by means of the demand function of both channels derived from a consumer utility and selection model, the author investigates the impacts of these two factors on the online dual-channel pricing decisions. This article also further analyzes the impact of changes in these two factors for manufacturers, retailers and channel' total revenue, with the purpose to provide decision-making reference for the enterprises' managers in the supply chain to develop optimal pricing strategies.
Myeloid HIF-1 Is Protective in Helicobacter pylori–Mediated Gastritis
Authors: Matak Pavle , Heinis Mylène , Mathieu Jacques R. R. , Corriden Ross , Cuvellier Sylvain , Delga Stéphanie , Mounier Rémi , Rouquette Alexandre , Raymond Josette , Lamarque Dominique , Emile Jean-François , Nizet Victor , Touati Eliette , Peyssonnaux Carole
Published: February 2015

Helicobacter pylori infection triggers chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the central mediators of cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels (hypoxia), but they have emerged recently as major transcriptional regulators of immunity and inflammation. No studies have investigated whether H. pylori affects HIF signaling in immune cells and a potential role for HIF in H. pylori–mediated gastritis. HIF-1 and HIF-2 expression was examined in human H. pylori–positive gastritis biopsies. Subsequent experiments were performed in naive and polarized bone marrow–derived macrophages from wild-type (WT) and myeloid HIF-1α–null mice (HIF-1Δmyel). WT and HIF-1Δmyel mice were inoculated with H. pylori by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 mo postinfection. HIF-1 was specifically expressed in macrophages of human H. pylori–positive gastritis biopsies. Macrophage HIF-1 strongly contributed to the induction of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β) and inducible NO synthase in response to H. pylori. HIF-2 expression and markers of M2 macrophage differentiation were decreased in response to H. pylori. HIF-1Δmyel mice inoculated with H. pylori for 6 mo presented with a similar bacterial colonization than WT mice but, surprisingly, a global increase of inflammation, leading to a worsening of the gastritis, measured by an increased epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, myeloid HIF-1 is protective in H. pylori–mediated gastritis, pointing to the complex counterbalancing roles of innate immune and inflammatory phenotypes in driving this pathology.
Specific Roles of Each TCR Hemichain in Generating Functional Chain-Centric TCR
Authors: Nakatsugawa Munehide , Yamashita Yuki , Ochi Toshiki , Tanaka Shinya , Chamoto Kenji , Guo Tingxi , Butler Marcus O. , Hirano Naoto
Published: February 2015

TCRα- and β-chains cooperatively recognize peptide–MHC complexes. It has been shown that a “chain-centric” TCR hemichain can, by itself, dictate MHC-restricted Ag specificity without requiring major contributions from the paired TCR counterchain. Little is known, however, regarding the relative contributions and roles of chain-centric and its counter, non–chain-centric, hemichains in determining T cell avidity. We comprehensively analyzed a thymically unselected T cell repertoire generated by transducing the α-chain–centric HLA-A*02:01(A2)/MART127–35 TCRα, clone SIG35α, into A2-matched and unmatched postthymic T cells. Regardless of their HLA-A2 positivity, a substantial subset of peripheral T cells transduced with SIG35α gained reactivity for A2/MART127–35. Although the generated A2/MART127–35–specific T cells used various TRBV genes, TRBV27 predominated with >102 highly diverse and unique clonotypic CDR3β sequences. T cells individually reconstituted with various A2/MART127–35 TRBV27 TCRβ genes along with SIG35α possessed a wide range (>2 log orders) of avidity. Approximately half possessed avidity higher than T cells expressing clone DMF5, a naturally occurring A2/MART127–35 TCR with one of the highest affinities. Importantly, similar findings were recapitulated with other self-Ags. Our results indicate that, although a chain-centric TCR hemichain determines Ag specificity, the paired counterchain can regulate avidity over a broad range (>2 log orders) without compromising Ag specificity. TCR chain centricity can be exploited to generate a thymically unselected Ag-specific T cell repertoire, which can be used to isolate high-avidity antitumor T cells and their uniquely encoded TCRs rarely found in the periphery because of tolerance.