bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICAS REGIONAIS E O DESAFIO DE DIALOGAR COM A DIVERSIDADE REGIONAL BRASILEIRA: O CASO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Oliveira Victor Da Silva , Araújo Tania Bacelar de
Published: August 2020

O processo de formação socioeconômica do Brasil resultou na consolidação do lastro de desigualdades regionais encontradas na atualidade. Em determinados períodos, pontualmente, algumas regiões foram alvo de qualificação técnica para o atendimento de politicas governamentais. Não obstante, no interior dos entes federados situações semelhantes ocorrem. No Rio Grande do Sul, encontra-se na atualidade considerável diversidade e desigualdade, com carências historicamente não atendidas. Na tentativa de sanar esses desequilíbrios e assumir a diversidade como uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento, políticas públicas recentes foram executadas, como o Programa Territórios da Cidadania – em escala federal - e dos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento do Rio Grande do Sul - estadual. A pesquisa que fundamenta o presente artigo buscou analisar o tratamento das peculiaridades regionais em ambas as políticas. Os resultados apontaram a inserção das peculiaridades nas políticas, especialmente advindas de demandas identificadas nos processos de participação social. No entanto, há presença significativa de demandas básicas, corriqueiras na maioria das regiões interioranas.
O Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC) Perante a Ocorrência de Inundações: Uma Abordagem Exploratória
Authors: Klaumann Ana Paula , Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: August 2020

A histórica convivência do Alto Vale do Itajaí (AVI) com inundações reflete a configuração de sua bacia hidrográfica e o processo de ocupação da área. O estudo focaliza esse problema inspirado no debate sobre desenvolvimento territorial rural (DTR), em que se destacam os aspectos históricos, econômicos e socioculturais dos territórios, além de iniciativas de índole cooperativa. O trabalho inicia com uma revisão de literatura acerca do DTR e de sua relação com os desastres naturais; aborda o AVI, mormente a frequência de inundações; faz uma aproximação com as perdas na agricultura; e fala das impressões e dos comportamentos diante das dificuldades em instituições locais e propriedades rurais por meio de entrevistas estruturadas. Por meio do trabalho pôde-se concluir que há abertura para ações institucionais relacionadas à promoção do DTR, e que as ações coletivas são de grande relevância no enfrentamento das adversidades causadas pelos desastres naturais.
Abertura Financeira e Endividamento Externo dos Países Periféricos: uma Análise do Caso Brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Glenda Nunes , De Albuquerque Diogo Daniel Bandeira , De Rezende Luiz Paulo Fontes
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a existência de associação entre a abertura financeira da economia brasileira e o endividamento externo do país. A metodologia utiliza um modelo VAR para medir as interações entre as seguintes variáveis: dívida externa bruta, índice de abertura financeira, índice de globalização econômica, saldo da conta financeira, taxa de câmbio e taxa de juros no período de 1990 a 2015. Os resultados indicam uma significativa interação entre as variáveis: dívida externa bruta e abertura financeira. A dívida responde positivamente aos choques em todas as variáveis, demonstrando que o grau de vulnerabilidade externa do Brasil aumentou frente às crises econômicas após a abertura financeira.
Complexidade Econômica, Crescimento e Convergência de Renda na América Latina, Caribe e Ásia
Authors: Ladeira Thiago Fernandes , Cardoso Leonardo Chaves Borges
Published: August 2020

O estudo do crescimento econômico e da convergência de renda tem sido objeto de reflexão constante. Recentemente, parte da literatura especializada tem incorporado o conceito de complexidade econômica como um possível determinante do crescimento. Diante disso, o presente trabalho investiga a contribuição do índice de complexidade econômica (ECI) para a convergência e o crescimento, dada uma amostra de países americanos e asiáticos. Os resultados sugerem que a complexidade é capaz de afetar positivamente em ambos os casos. Diante das evidências, é possível afirmar que o efeito da complexidade econômica, apesar de direto, decresce em magnitude conforme esse indicador se eleva.
A Política do Novo Consenso Macroeconômico: Fundamentos e Revisão Pós Crise Financeira de 2007-2008
Authors: Pessoa Sarah Regina Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo resgatar os fundamentos e retratar a revisão da política monetária americana após a crise financeira internacional de 2007-2008, na medida em que essa crise evidenciou que importantes postulados do novo consenso macroeconômico foram postos em xeque. Através de um corte histórico, o presente trabalho busca discutir em que medida o mainstream revisa esse consenso e quais as reflexões e alternativas discutidas sobre a política de estabilização no contexto atual. Verificou-se que as revisões apontadas não abalaram a estrutura teórica deste consenso e que a utilização de instrumentos de política não convencionais foi justificada pelo impacto nefasto sobre a economia. A essência de suas hipóteses permanece, na medida em que o regime de metas de inflação continua sendo a referência para condução da política monetária americana e base guia para as demais políticas.
Diferencial de Salários por Cor e Sexo no Brasil: Uma Análise por Grandes Regiões
Authors: Viana da Costa Marielly , Carrasco-Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Santos Reis Carlos Vinícius
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças de rendimento com base em sexo e raça no mercado de trabalho brasileiro e em suas regiões. Para tanto, utilizamos a decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder para identificar e medir o quanto da desigualdade de renda entre grupos de sexo e raça é explicado por fatores discriminatórios e quanto dessa desigualdade é explicada por fatores produtivos. A análise é realizada a partir de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra por Domicílios 2015. Os principais resultados mostram que ainda há uma diferença salarial entre sexo e raça: os homens ganham mais que as mulheres, e os brancos ganham mais que os não brancos, sendo que a diferença salarial entre sexos foi menor que a diferença salarial entre raças.
Lembaran Akomodasi dan Intoleransi: Relasi Antar Iman dalam Literatur Keislaman di Indonesia
Authors: Khodijah Siti
Published: August 2020

There is a great deal of Islamic literature on the market. This situation provides space to slip in “hidden messages”. Some people turn into figures that have changed 180 degrees after reading a book. The National Standardization Agency (BSN) only controls formal Islamic literature. On the other hand, non-formal literature circulates more widely in society. This article will explain the development of Islamic literature in Indonesia including: distribution, consumers, branding, ideas, and writing techniques. This study highlights Islamic literature when discussing interfaith relations in content and storyline. Each selected representation of Islamic literature has characteristics based on the trendsof each period influenced by socio-political and economic-market factors. Values of diversity are ideally offered in every sample of Islamic literature in accordance with the reality of diversity in Indonesia. There is a big loss if “new piety” is not accompanied by a foundation of tolerant contextualization; such an impact would promote a kind of exclusivity that is the antithesis of what is being lived and instills pride in Islamic literature.[Jumlah literatur keislaman sangat melimpah di pasaran. Situasi ini memberikan ruang untuk menyelipkan “pesan-pesan terselubung” di dalamnya. Beberapa orang berubah menjadi sosok yang berubah 180 derajat setelah membaca sebuah buku. Badan Standarisasi Nasional (BSN) hanya mengkontrol literatur keislaman formal. Pada sisi lain, Literatur non-formal beredar lebih luas dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan perkembangan literatur keislaman di Indonesia, meliputi: sebaran, konsumen, branding, gagasan-ide, dan teknik penulisan. Penelitian ini menyoroti literatur keislaman ketika membahas relasi antar iman dalam isi (content) dan alur cerita. Setiap literatur keislaman memiliki karakteristik berdasarkan trend masing-masing periode dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial-politik dan ekonomi-pasar. Nilai-nilai keragaman idealnya ditawarkan dalam setiap literatur keislaman, sesuai dengan realitas keragaman di Indonesia. Kerugian besar jika “keshalehan baru” tidak disertai dengan landasan kontektualisasi toleransi yang membumbung tinggi. Hal ini berdampak pada eksklusifisme yang kian dihidupi dan dibanggakan dalam literatur keislaman dari masa ke masa.]
Anxiety Buffer Disruption: Self-Evaluation, Death Anxiety, and Stressor Appraisals Among Low and High Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Samples
Authors: Vail Kenneth E. , Reed David E. , Goncy Elizabeth A. , Cornelius Talea , Edmondson Donald
Published: August 2020

Objective: Research driven by terror management theory suggests sociocultural anxiety-buffer systems typically protect against existential anxiety, whereas anxiety buffer disruption theory suggests traumatic experiences may disrupt that process.

Method: Following posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom screening (n = 4097), individuals with low (n = 149) and high (n = 120) PTS engaged in either negative or positive self-evaluations, then reported death anxiety and appraised life's stressors as negative/threatening or positive/challenging.

Results: When low PTS participants contemplated their worst (vs. best) selves, they experienced moderately heightened death anxiety yet appraised life's stressors as more positive/challenging than harmful/threatening, reflecting effective existential anxiety buffers. However, high PTS participants reported high death anxiety in both the best-self and worst-self conditions—indicating anxiety buffer disruption—and the worst-self (vs. best self) prompt increased their appraisal of life's stresses as a harmful threat and decreased appraisal as positive/challenging opportunities for growth and well-being.

Discussion: Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Grp94 Regulates the Recruitment of Aneural AChR Clusters for the Assembly of Postsynaptic Specializations by Modulating ADF/Cofilin Activity and Turnover
Authors: Chan Zora Chui-Kuen , Deng Linyan , Lee Chi Wai
Published: August 2020

Temperature is a physiological factor that affects neuronal growth and synaptic homeostasis at the invertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs); however, whether temperature stress could also regulate the structure and function of the vertebrate NMJs remains unclear. In this study, we useXenopus laevisprimary cultures as a vertebrate model system for investigating the involvement of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family of stress proteins in NMJ development. First, cold temperature treatment or HSP90 inhibition attenuates the formation of aneural acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters, but increases their stability after they are formed, in cultured muscles. HSP90 inhibition specifically affects the stability of aneural AChR clusters and their associated intracellular scaffolding protein rapsyn, instead of causing a global change in cell metabolism and protein expression inXenopusmuscle cultures. Upon synaptogenic stimulation, a specific HSP90 family member, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), modulates the phosphorylation and dynamic turnover of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin at aneural AChR clusters, leading to the recruitment of AChR molecules from aneural clusters to the assembly of agrin-induced postsynaptic specializations. Finally, postsynaptic Grp94 knock-down significantly inhibits nerve-induced AChR clustering and postsynaptic activity in nerve-muscle co-cultures as demonstrated by live-cell imaging and electrophysiological recording, respectively. Collectively, this study suggests that temperature-dependent alteration in Grp94 expression and activity inhibits the assembly of postsynaptic specializations through modulating ADF/cofilin phosphorylation and activity at aneural AChR clusters, which prevents AChR molecules from being recruited to the postsynaptic sites via actin-dependent vesicular trafficking, at developing vertebrate NMJs.
From Radio to Radio-visione
Authors: Simon Danielle
Published: August 2020

This article investigates a series of experimental television broadcasts undertaken by Italian Fascism’s national broadcasting entity, the Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche, in the years leading up to the Second World War. It explores both the official autarchical policies and the technological limitations that shaped the radio network’s early experiments with television to show that producers’ attitudes regarding medium specificity shaped decisions about programming and musical content. It then suggests that these early sorties into televisual broadcasting left traces that can be seen in the style and political clout of Italian television even today.
Skeletal Classicism
Authors: Olson Todd
Published: August 2020

Modern critics of French Classicism in the visual arts were indebted to a formalism derived from the natural sciences. A nineteenth-century biological discourse identified hidden analogies rather than visual similarities among different specimens, whether animals or paintings. An ambivalence to the use of biological metaphors in North American art history may be traced back to this theoretical genealogy.
Analytical Survey of Development Directions of Social Labour Sphere of Urban Settlement
Authors: I.A. Polyakova , N.V. Tolstik
Published: August 2020

The article shows the relevance of implementing the development processes and expanding the infoshere within the international standards of statistical accounting. It reflects methodological approaches to analytical processing of information resources characterizing  the conditions and trends in developing modern  urban settlement. The article also provides the dynamics on the a number of indexes  of social labour sphere in Rostov-on-Don. It shows the practicability of forming the conception of the strategic development of the urban settlement based on official information resources. The article provides the comparative assessment of   the position of Rostov-on-Don as the capital of the Southern Federal District on a number of indexes of social labour sphere regarding million-plus cities of Russian and regional capitals forming a part of the Southern Federal District.
Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism: The Moderating Role of Family Ownership
Authors: Mohammed Nishtiman , Ismail Ku Nor Izah Ku , Amran Noor Afza
Published: August 2020

This study objective is to investigate the influence of board characteristics and audit committee characteristics on accounting conservatism with respect to the influence of family ownership in Turkey. The findings explained that clients’ demand for accounting conservatism improved because of board characteristics (e.g. board size, independence & women on board) and the audit committee characteristics (e.g. audit committee independence and audit committee expertise). Hence, the family ownership undermines the impact of board characteristics and the audit committee characteristics to demand accounting conservatism, which will be unfavorable outcome for the minority shareholders. Thus, this study suggests that regulators should increase law enforcement to improve corporate governance in Turkey to accommodate the unique characteristics of family ownership and offer a protected environment for minority shareholders.
Ecoanalytics as A New Area of The Analysis of Environmental Conditions at An Enterprise
Authors: Chernysheva Yu. G.
Published: August 2020

This article studies the aspects of environmental safety issues. It characterizes the methods of assessment of environmental condition in Russia and abroad. The nature of ecological audit and its purpose are considered. The article highlights the problems of regional programs in Russia related to the improvement of the environmental condition. The essence of the analysis of the ecological state of the organization in Russia is revealed. The peculiarities of the appearance of a new analytical direction of eco-analysis within the organization have been identified and described.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Return Volatility: Evidence from Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Ali Peter Ifeanyichukwu , Nzotta Samuel M. , Akujuobi A. B. C. , Nwaimo Chilaka E.
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market return volatility in Sub-Sahara markets. The study concentrated on three stock markets including Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa using GARCH-X (1,1) model on monthly data from January 2000 to December 2017. Preliminary analyses from descriptive statistics show that show mean monthly returns are positive for all the stock markets. Skewness coefficients show that the stock returns and interest rates distribution of all Sub-Sahara Africa stock markets are negatively skewed but inflation rate is positively skewed for Nigeria and South Africa, and flat for Ghana. Excess kurtoses are positive for all the stock markets and macroeconomic indicators, and Jarque-Bera statistics indicate the stock markets’ series and macroeconomic indicators are not normally distributed. The Unit roots tests results indicate that all the stock markets and macroeconomic indicators are first difference stationary. The results of the GARCH-X (1,1) model show that macroeconomic variables do not significantly impact stock market returns volatility in Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa at the 5% significance Level. We therefore recommend that stock market regulators, market participants and investors should concentrate more efforts on other macroeconomic variables aside interest rate and inflation rate, in estimating stock market return volatility in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Analisis Gerak Tendangan Mawashi Geri pada Cabang Olahraga Karate di Dojo SMA Negeri 1 Larangan Brebes
Authors: Baramuli Muhammad Iqbal , Wiyanto Agus , Widiyatmoko Fajar Ari
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil analisis gerakan tendangan mawashi-geri di Dojo SMA Negeri 1 Larangan Brebes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan teknik tendangan mawashi-geri yang dikombinasikan dengan bentuk video dan diteliti menggunakan aplikasi software dartfish. Subjek penelitian ini adalah karateka Dojo SMA Negeri 1 Larangan Brebes sebanyak 3 karateka, Teknik pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan cara observasi. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari ke 6 sudut gerakan yang dianalisis dari semua karateka yaitu sudut tekukan siku (elbow flexion) dan sudut bukaan lengan atas (opening the upper arm) gerakan yang dihasilkan dari ke 3 karateka suduh baik, sudut kecondongan tubuh (heeling torso) yang dihasilkan masih kurang, sudut tekukan kaki kanan (right knee flexion) dan sudut tekukan kaki kiri (left knee flexion) gerakan yang dihasilkan masih kurang baik, dan bukaan kaki (leg opening) jarang kedua kaki sudah baik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini masih terdapat kekurangan proses tendangan mawashi geri dari sampel yang diteliti. Saran yang dapat penulis sampaikan supaya semua item gerakan sudut yang dianalisis dapat memberikan dampak yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil tendangan mawashi-geri yang maksimal
Survei Tingkat Kondisi Fisik Pebulutangkis Kelompok Usia 10-12 Tahun di Pb. Sunrise Tahun 2019
Authors: Kurniawan Asep
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik pada pebulutangkis kelompok usia 10-12 tahun di PB. Sunrise melalui tes kelincahan (agility test), daya tahan otot (sit-up), kekuatan otot lengan (push-up), power (vertical jump), kecepatan (sprint 35 meter), kelentukan (sit and reach), daya tahan cardiovascular (MFT). Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif kuantitatif. Desain penelitian adalah survei tes dan pengukuran. Subyek penelitian adalah pebulutangkis PB. Sunrise yang berjumlah 20. Teknik penelitian adalah total sampling. Metode penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif dan data yang diperoleh berupa data kuantitatif.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan tingkat kondisi fisik pebulutangkis usia 10-12 tahun di PB. Sunrise tahun 2019 ke dalam tujuh komponen diantaranya tes kelincahan rata-rata 17.105 (baik), daya tahan otot rata-rata 24.05 (baik sekali), kekuatan otot lengan rata-rata 23.15 (baik), power rata-rata 51.10 (baik), kecepatan rata-rata 7.26 (cukup), kelentukan rata-rata 24.85 (baik sekali), dan daya tahan cardiovascular rata-rata 36.09 (baik) Disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan kondisi fisik pebulutangkis usia 10-12 tahun di PB. Sunrise Kabupaten Purbalingga rata-rata baik. Saran untuk pebulutangkis PB. Sunrise perlu meningkatkan kondisi fisiknya harus menyeluruh, agar semua pebulutangkis memiliki fisik yang baik. Perlu juga adanya pelatihan khusus agar lebih baik lagi
Analisis Biomekanika Open Smash Bola Voli di Club Bina Taruna Semarang
Authors: Anwar Choirul , Kusuma Bertika , Fatkhu Ibnu
Published: August 2020

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil dari analisis biomekanika open smash bola voli di club Bina Taruna Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode analisis gerak smash, teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling yaitu atlet club Bina Taruna Semarang sebanyak 10 atlet, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tri angulasi data, diantaranya wawancara, observasi dan didokumentasikan dalam bentuk video dan diteliti menggunakan aplikasi software dartfish. Hasil analisis dartfish, ada 5 atlet yang melakukan impact bola dengan jangkauan paling atas, namun faktor penyebab kurangnya hasil smash yaitu lecutan tubuh cenderung tidak kebawah mengikuti arah bola, sehingga power pukulan tidak keras dan kurang tajam. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini secara keseluruhan atlet club Bina Taruna Semarang melakukan gerakan smash masih kurang maksimal, atlet club Bina Taruna Semarang masih kurang baik dalam bagian impact. serta pendaratan dengan salah satu kaki terlebih dahulu faktor penyebab pendaratan smash tidak seimbang.
Pengaruh Modifikasi Ring Basket untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Psikomotor Shooting Peserta Didik
Authors: Winanto Thosama Jorgy , Setiyawan Setiyawan , Setaiwan Danang Aji
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ialah kurangnya keterampilan hasil belajar psikomotor peserta didik saat melakukan gerakan shooting dan target ring yang tinggi dalam pembelajaran bola basket. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah modifikasi ring basket dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar psikomotor shooting bola basket kelas VIII SMP N 1 Juwana.Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experiment design dalam bentuk control group pretest-posttest design. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali sesuai kompetensi dasar. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling, semua subjek dianggap sama yaitu mengambil dua kelas VIII secara acak dalam penelitian shooting. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh hasil analisis Independent Sample T-Test (uji beda 2 mean berbeda), diperoleh nilai Thitung=6,146 > Ttabel (5%,df=57) sebesar 2,00172 dan nilai Sig(2-tailed) = 0,00 < α = 0,05. Berarti H0 ditolak artinya ada perbedaan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar psikomotorik shooting bola basket dengan modifikasi ring basket. Rata-rata hasil psikomotorik shooting bola basket pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 90,60. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil psikomotorik shooting bola basket pada kelas kontrol sebesar 82,967. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh modifikasi Ring basket dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar psikomotor shooting bola basket kelas VIII SMP N 1 Juwana
Pengaruh Latihan Kicking Motion Melalui Pengelompokkan Kekuatan dan Panjang Tungkai terhadap Jauhnya Tendangan
Authors: Prasetyo Ponco , Widiyatmoko Fajri Ari , Setiyawan Setiyawan
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh gerak menendang bola jauh pada SSB PSW usia 12-14 tahun. Tujuan Penelitian untuk membuktikan pengaruh latihan kicking motion, kekuatan dan panjang tungkai terhadap jauhnya tendangan pada SSB PSW usia 12-14 tahun. Metode pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimen desain. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang terdiri dari 24 peserta di bagi 2 kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Analisis data SPSS 22 dengan diuji normalitas, homogenitas, dan anova antar varibel. Berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas, diperoleh hasil data pretest kelas kontrol memiliki nilai Sig. sebesar 0,634, data posttest kelas kontrol memiliki nilai Sig. sebesar 0,695 , data pretest kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai Sig. sebesar 0,917 dan data posttest kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai Sig. sebesar 0,824. Semua data memiliki nilai Sig. > α (0,05), maka H0 diterima. Sampel penelitian berarti berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal. 1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara pemberian latihan Kicking Motion Kekuatan dengan Panjang Tungkai terhadap jauhnya tendangan bola pada SSB, 2) Ada pengaruh antara kelompok Kekuatan Tinggi dan kelompok Kekuatan Rendah terhadap jarak tendangan pada SSB, 3) Ada pengaruh antara kelompok tungkai panjang dan kelompok tungkai pendek terhadap jarak tendangan pada SSB. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan melakuan latihan Kicking Motion ada pengaruh pada SSB PSW Welahan
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Bone complications of bariatric surgery: updates on sleeve gastrectomy, fractures, and interventions
Authors: Beavers Kristen M , Greene Katelyn A , Yu Elaine W
Published: August 2020

Despite well recognized improvements in obesity-related comorbidities, increasing evidence implicates bariatric surgery in the onset of adverse skeletal health outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update in three critical areas: (i) emergent data on sleeve gastrectomy and bone loss, (ii) evidence linking bariatric surgery to incident fracture, and (iii) intervention strategies designed to mitigate surgical bone loss. Better understanding of these issues will inform our treatment of skeletal health for patients planning bariatric surgery.
Role of PDK4 in insulin signaling pathway in periadrenal adipose tissue of pheochromocytoma patients
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Zhang Huijian , Lin Xiaochun , Zeng Yanmei , Zhang Yudan , Ma Xiaoqin , Xue Yaoming , Guan Meiping
Published: August 2020

Studies have shown that pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is associated with glucose intolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity. In adipocytes, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is involved in glucose uptake. However, very little is known about the role of PDK4 in the insulin signaling pathway in the adipose tissue of PHEO patients. We analyzed the expression of adipokines, oxidative stress-related genes, PDK4, phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) and phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1) in the periadrenal adipose tissue (peri-A) of patients with PHEO and non-functioning adrenal adenoma (NFA). We also investigated the effects of epinephrine on PDK4, pAMPK and pIRS1 in human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and brown preadipocytes. PHEO patients had higher mRNA levels of PGC1α, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, COXII and AP2 and lower mRNA levels of PPARγ in their peri-A than NFA patients. Decreased pAMPK and increased PDK4 and pIRS1 were observed in the peri-A of PHEO patients. PHEO patients also had significantly higher NOX4 protein expression and lower Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression in their peri-A than NFA patients. In vitro, epinephrine treatment upregulated PDK4 expression, inhibited AMPK phosphorylation and enhanced IRS1 phosphorylation. The knockdown of PDK4 by siRNA upregulated pAMPK and downregulated pIRS1. In conclusion, PDK4 may play an essential role in hypercatecholamine-induced insulin resistance in the periadrenal adipose tissues of PHEO patients.
The Correlation Between Severity of Postoperative Hypocalcemia and Perioperative Mortality in Chromosome 22q11.2 Microdeletion (22q11DS) Patient After Cardiac-Correction Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yang Chi , Ge Junwen , Zhang Rufang , Chen Chang , Yi Long , Shen Li
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The aim of our study was to elucidate the association between severity of postoperative hypocalcemia and the prognosis of the patients with 22q11DS.
Methods: Data retrospectively were collected from 23 children with 22q11DS who underwent cardiac correction surgery. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated to determine the tendency of perioperative mortality rate, according to the minimum levels of serum calcium and the duration of hypocalcemia. A novel risk assessment system for perioperative mortality was established according to these valid parameters.
Results: The death group had lower minimum levels of serum calcium and longer duration of hypocalcemia. The AUC of minimum levels of serum calcium was 0.912 (95% CI: 0.753-1; P = .003) and qualified its high accuracy for perioperative mortality. The AUC of duration of hypocalcemia was 0.804 (95% CI: 0.561-1; P = .03) and qualified its moderate accuracy. The tendency analyses also indicated the correlation between these two parameters and perioperative mortality. Based on the cut-off values from ROC analysis, a novel risk assessment system for perioperative mortality was established according to these two parameters. The patients with the lowest serum calcium level <0.885 mmol/L or duration of the hypocalcemia > 90.33 hours would be sorted into a high-risk group; others were divided into a low-risk group. The diagnostic odds ratio for this assessment system was 143(95% CI: 5.13-3982.52). No significant difference was found with regard to patient age, weight, preoperative serum total calcium, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, and aortic cross-clamp time between the high- and low-risk groups.
Conclusions: The minimum levels of serum calcium and duration of hypocalcemia were valid predictors for preoperative mortality of 22q11DS patients.
Interés, utilidad, libertad
Authors: Christin Olivier
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo busca llenar un vacío en la historiografía sobre los antecedentes de la representación política durante el Antiguo Régimen. Existen varios trabajos sobre diferentes instituciones del Antiguo Régimen que practicaban elecciones y/o procesos de negociones corporativas que terminaban en una votación. Hay, por ejemplo, trabajos sobre cómo en diferentes ocasiones se practicó la elección para diversas autoridades en la Iglesia católica, universidades y otras instituciones. Sin embargo, se nota una ausencia de estudios historiográficos sobre las prácticas de negociación-votación y de elección por accionistas modernas y contemporáneas. De esta manera, el artículo busca generar una reflexión sobre las experiencias y los desafíos en la negociación y toma de decisiones que se observan en las sociedades comerciales por acciones, las compañías mineras, de abastecimiento de agua, de saneamiento, o incluso las grandes compañías privilegiadas coloniales.
Socio-demographic factors of Ukrainians’ attitude to the judiciary
Authors: Reznik Oleksandr , Kozlovskiy Oleg
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the socio-demographic determinants of Ukrainian citizens’ attitude to the judiciary identified on the basis of a nationwide survey. The sociological specifics of the analysis provided for the verification of the influence of those factors that reflect the consequences of social stratification in a particular society — its socio-economic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. In different countries of the world, the influence of socio-demographic factors on the attitude to the judiciary has been uneven and unequal. In many European countries, the experience of cooperating with the courts leads to a negative attitude towards justice. The attitude to the judiciary is considered through four indicators: 1) trust in the courts; 2) assessment of the chances of winning court case, regardless of the wealth of the citizen; 3) assessment of an independence of judges; 4) assessment of an integrity of judges. Despite social optimism observed in Ukrainian society after the 2019 presidential and parliamentary elections, the study found a low level of trust and negative assessments of Ukrainian justice. Using the method of multiple linear regression, it was found that public opinion about justice is formed regardless of gender, level of education and region of residence. It was found that Ukrainians’ attitude to the judiciary is largely determined by age, settlement type, language of communication at home and experience of participation in the trial. Confidence and positive assessments assessments of the judiciary are mainly manifested as the age and size of the settlement decrease, as well as among Russian speakers and those who have experience of participating in the trial. The influence of the respondents’ financial situation on their assessment of the independence of judges was unexpectedly dependent: as the financial situation of the family decreased, the tendency to consider judges independent increased.
Family Well-being in Grandparent- Versus Parent-Headed Households
Authors: Rapoport Eli , Muthiah Nallammai , Keim Sarah A. , Adesman Andrew
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Little is known about the 2% of US children being raised by their grandparents. We sought to characterize and compare grandparent- and parent-headed households with respect to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), child temperament, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and caregiver aggravation and coping.

METHODS:

Using a combined data set of children ages 3 to 17 from the 2016, 2017, and 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health, we applied survey regression procedures, adjusted for sociodemographic confounders, to compare grandparent- and parent-headed households on composite and single-item outcome measures of ACEs; ADHD; preschool inattention and restlessness; child temperament; and caregiver aggravation, coping, support, and interactions with children.

RESULTS:

Among 80 646 households (2407 grandparent-headed, 78 239 parent-headed), children in grandparent-headed households experienced more ACEs (β = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.38). Preschool-aged and school-aged children in grandparent-headed households were more likely to have ADHD (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29, 95% CI: 2.22 to 8.28; adjusted odds ratio = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.20). School-aged children in these households had poorer temperament (βadj = .25, 95% CI: −0.63 to 1.14), and their caregivers experienced greater aggravation (βadj = .29, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.49). However, these differences were not detected after excluding children with ADHD from the sample. No differences were noted between grandparent- and parent-headed households for caregiver coping, emotional support, or interactions with children.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite caring for children with greater developmental problems and poorer temperaments, grandparent caregivers seem to cope with parenting about as well as parents.
¿Obsolescencia programada? La implementación de la sustitución y sus inconsistencias
Authors: Gutiérrez Sanín Francisco , Machuca Pérez Diana Ximena , Cristancho Sebastián
Published: August 2020

El acuerdo de paz colombiano da un papel explícito y una gran centralidad a una compleja política pública de sustitución (con el nombre de Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos de uso Ilícito, PNIS). Sostendremos que el Estado ha incumplido desde el principio, sistemática y masivamente, la implementación del programa. Con el arribo al poder del presidente Duque, en algunos sentidos cruciales se ha procedido a su desmonte. Argumentamos que los problemas del PNIS están relacionados con por el complejo juego de coaliciones políticas asociado al intento de replantear la política antidrogas como instrumento de paz y no de guerra. Nuestro análisis enfatiza el proceso político, la naturaleza de las coaliciones, la contingencia y las secuencias temporales en la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz.
Análisis de los destinos turísticos del futuro
Authors: Barragán Acero Valentina , Bonilla Arias Marly Alejandra , Gómez Arias Juliana , Martínez Pérez Ana Gabriela , Moreno Millán Karen Natalia , Navarrete Acuña Valentina , Pérez Vargas David Leonardo , Silva Ramírez Isaac Mark Mclaughlin , Villalba Pérez Elisabel Catalina , Mateus Tovar Raul Francisco
Published: August 2020

Actualmente, el mayor reto del mercado turístico es cubrir la demanda de viajeros que buscan nuevos destinos turísticos, y que a la vez desean experimentar una innovación tecnológica en ellos. El turismo espacial, se ha convertido en uno de los sectores más llamativos pertenecientes a la industria turística, y por ello las empresas relacionadas a este campo buscan satisfacer las futuras necesidades de los clientes a quienes van dirigidas sus actividades, e implementar un nuevo modelo de viaje que trabaje con los avances tecnológicos para así conocer el espacio exterior. En este artículo se analiza el impacto de las formas innovadoras de viaje actuales, y las que próximamente serán establecidas, basándose en los factores de brindar comodidad, seguridad y una experiencia completamente nueva a los clientes sin desaprovechar las nuevas tecnologías, para así lograr el reconocimiento del avance de la industria turística. Los resultados preliminares de esta investigación permiten evidenciar el número de proyectos que buscan ser implementados y lanzados al público, con relación a los destinos turísticos en el espacio exterior, y la posibilidad de lograr salir de este planeta de forma más asequible para los viajeros alrededor del mundo.
¿Cómo se ha realizado la implementación de los acuerdos de Basilea III en Latinoamérica y que efectos han tenido estos en el sector financiero en Chile y Colombia?
Authors: Pulgarín Molano Anne Monique , Domínguez Rodríguez Angélica
Published: August 2020

Un sector financiero estable, robusto y confiable es parte fundamental del desarrollo de una economía, por esto surge la necesidad de implementar acuerdos que regulen estandaricen y disminuyan el riego de sus actividades En este marco surgen los acuerdos de Basilea que buscan minimizar los efectos adversos que situaciones de crisis puedan generar sobre la economía en general. Este articulo pretende hacer una descripción de los acuerdos de Basilea, realizando una revisión documental sobre la aplicación a lo largo del tiempo de cada una de las versiones y sus implicaciones, se tomarán como países de referencia Chile y Colombia describiendo el efecto que han tenido en el sistema financiero, así como los retos y ventajas competitivas que se han presentado. Se explicará porque los acuerdos de Basilea traerán consigo mayor estabilidad y confianza, así como un sistema financiero más robusto y capaz de enfrentar situaciones de estrés, pero que también se debe tener en cuenta las generalidades que afecta al sistema financiero de cada economía, y debe aplicarse con la gradualidad necesaria para que el sistema bancario y financiero local pueda asumir el desafío de hacer frente a este nuevo marco regulatorio sin comprometer ni resentir su estabilidad y solvencia.
La desigualdad socioeconómica en Chile y Colombia: una aproximación a los factores de crecimiento y las oportunidades de mejora
Authors: Cuellar Llano María Claudia , Cuellar Yaguara Camila Andrea
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar una comparación de los principales índices que miden la desigualdad socio economía en países como Chile y Colombia, así como los factores que hasta la actualidad han determinado la posición que ocupan ambas naciones con respecto a otros países de la región. El referente teórico del documento surge como producto de las experiencias adquiridas en la misión académica realizada para la especialización en gestión empresarial del Politécnico Gran Colombiano al país de chile. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se tomaron variables de desigualdad social según informes o estadística aportada por la Comisión económica para américa latina CEPAL, donde se pudo observar la posición que ocupan ambos países, para luego evaluar las acciones que cada uno de ellos ha realizado para mejorar o mantenerse en el ranking.
La metodología empleada en el presente documento, tal y como lo afirma (Hernandez, Fernández, & Baptista, 2014), corresponde a una investigación de tipo descriptivo con base en rastreo bibliográfico, teniendo en cuenta los referentes para realizar la medición del concepto de desigualdad, para los países objeto del estudio.
En un primer momento, se pondrán en contexto los determinantes de la desigualdad para las naciones, teniendo presente el contexto para América Latina; en un segundo momento se hará mención a los factores sociales y económicos como determinantes para lograr niveles de desarrollo, tales como las inversiones en educación, satisfacción de primeras necesidades, apoyo a la inversión social en general por parte del estado. En un tercer momento, se muestran indicadores de percepción de corrupción como un factor retardante en la efectividad del accionar del estado en política enfocadas a disminuir la desigualdad, pues como es evidente a mayor corrupción, menor distribución de los ingresos a la población y mayor
enriquecimiento de un cumulo de personas con poder que solo entre la elite reparten los dividendos producto de los negocios ilícitos en que incurren. En un cuarto y último momento, se muestra como la desigualdad social y económica puede afectar el desempeño de una nación, en ese mismo sentido mostraremos como la visión del direccionamiento de una filosofía económica puede determinar las brechas que se abren en los factores sociales y desarrollo de una nación.
Finalmente, se procederá a generar una discusión entorno a las oportunidades y barreras actuales en la búsqueda de mejorar los índices de desigualdad, para, por último, generar conclusiones sobre el escrito.
O reflexo da ausência de políticas de incentivo à agricultura urbana orgânica: um estudo de caso em duas cidades no Brasil
Authors: Maas Larissa , Malvestiti Rosane , Gontijo Leila Amaral
Published: August 2020

A agricultura urbana orgânica é um importante estímulo para o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades, contribuindo para a segurança alimentar, melhoria do meio ambiente, inclusão social e geração de renda. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as principais dificuldades que o agricultor urbano orgânico enfrenta em municípios onde não há políticas de incentivo à agricultura urbana. Para isso, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram aplicadas entre julho e dezembro de 2018, com sete agricultores urbanos orgânicos que adotam a prática como profissão. Os resultados foram examinados conforme análise de conteúdo e apontaram carências como a ausência de mão de obra capacitada, falta de máquinas e equipamentos adequados à prática em pequenos espaços e insuficiência de recursos financeiros, insuficiências semelhantes às da agricultura familiar orgânica. Portanto, é fundamental a ampliação de políticas de fomento à agricultura urbana orgânica, contemplando tais aspectos no sentido de diminuir os obstáculos e estimular a profissão.
Polypharmacy, inappropriate medication use and associated factors among brazilian older adults
Authors: Constantino Juliana Lima , Bozzi Ronielly Pereira , Souza Gustavo Pinheiro Machado Motta de , Marchesi Renan , Jorge Antonio José Lagoeiro , Correia Dayse Mary da Silva , Rosa Maria Luiza Garcia , Giordani Fabíola , Baltar Valéria Troncoso
Published: August 2020

Abstract Background Population aging is still an important worldwide phenomenon. Elderly people suffer from multiple chronic diseases that require the use of several drugs, and this demographic scenario fosters the increased prescription of multiple drugs, or Polypharmacy (PP) and Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). Objective This study aimed to identify the prevalence rates and associated factors of PP and PIM in Brazilian older adults. Method The prevalence of PIM use and PP was estimated in a sample of 222 patients enrolled in the Family Health Program in Niterói, Brazil. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Age and sex were kept in the models as potential confounding factors. Results PP and PIM use presented prevalence rates of 23.9 and 24.8%, respectively. PP was associated with body mass index, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and a number of comorbidities, whereas PIM use was associated with PP. Conclusion The prevalence rates of PP and PIM use found were lower than those reported in previous studies. This could be a result of differences in availability of drugs or prescribing habits. Multiple chronic diseases were associated with PP. These results suggest that more care should be taken in prescribing for the elderly population.
Conceptions about environment and environmental education by teachers from rural schools in Bogotá - Colombia
Authors: Galvis-Riaño Carlos Julio , Perales-Palacios Francisco Javier , Ladino-Ospina Yolanda
Published: August 2020

Abstract The concepts of Environment and Environmental Education (EE) were characterized by a sample of teachers from four rural schools in Bogotá. EE currents were regarded as a theoretical reference (Sauvé, 2010), an aspect considered for the methodology and analysis of information. Interviews were conducted by applying the Multiple Item Classification and using environmental news images. The aim was for teachers to make classifications according to their knowledge and experiences. Based on their own descriptions, the classifications were categorized pursuant to EE currents. The information obtained made it possible to establish that educators have different ways of addressing the environmental issue and associating it with their educational practice. There was a strong tendency to assume that the Environment and EE are a biological and conservationist issue, basic aspects for life in the countryside.
Theoretical model for interdisciplinary analysis of human activities: Meliponiculture as an activity that promotes sustainability
Authors: Barbiéri Celso , Francoy Tiago Mauricio
Published: August 2020

Abstract Meliponiculture, which is the rational keeping of stingless bees, has been practiced for centuries by pre-colonial populations and has been gaining adepts in recent years. In addition to being an alternative for the conservation of these pollinators, it is an activity that promotes sustainability. From a theoretical point of view, disciplinary approaches are insufficient to understand meliponiculture, due to the multiplicity of Domains and aspects that compose it. Thus, this manuscript proposes a theoretical model to analyze meliponiculture in an interdisciplinary way, dealing with the environmental, cultural, social and economic Domains. Such activity should be encouraged through participatory and interdisciplinary public policies, integrating the various factors involved, such as honey farmers (meliponists), scientists, governments, companies and non-governmental organizations. Public policy approaches to meliponiculture as an economic activity must respect the conservation needs of the stingless bee species, and whenever possible, the social and cultural values attributed to the activity.