bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settlement and municipality: Fundamental terms in geography of settlements and their relationship
Authors: Kučera Zdeněk
Published: October 2020

Settlement and municipality are fundamental terms in geography of settlements, which are often identified or interchanged. Their meaning and relationship are analysed in the article with using different sources. A settlement is an inseparable part of cultural landscape and a landscape unit with certain physiognomy in particular. A municipality is an abstract societal unit. Settlement organization within the system of settlements is the image and product of human activity in certain landscape, whereas character and number of municipalities are the image and product of spatial organization of society.
In this country, in these countries?
Authors: Řehák Stanislav
Published: October 2020

The subhead of this essay could be "Comparative regional-geographical wander around France and Czech countries". The authors points out that in Czech geographical terminology the term country is ambiguous. Especially historical countries Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia have always had timeless applicability; on their long-term existence and on their historical symbols are based also the statehood of the Czech Republic and its symbols. Unfortunately, historical countries are not respected in any way by the territorial administrative division, although their size (NUTS 1) is suitable also for the NUTS system. In this connection, the author compares the situation in Czechia to that in France, where long-term regional division was not much backed as well, but where the situation is now in general consolidated and the new level of French regions (after the reform of the 1960's to 1980's) has stimulated many of the historical regions. The author deals also with the extensive present French regional geographical literature and tries to indirectly inspire also Czech authors.
URBAN GROWTH AND THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF A CHANGING REGION: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT
Authors: SALVATI Luca
Published: October 2020

The present study assesses changes (1949-2008) in the structure of a Mediterranean urban area (Rome, Italy) in three phases (compact growth, medium-density growth, low-density growth) of its recent expansion which reflect different economic contexts at the local scale. Using a quantitative approach based on land-use indicators and landscape metrics, distribution and fragmentation of built-up areas were analyzed from high-resolution and diachronic digital maps covering the investigated area (1,500 km2). The analysis of the (changing) urban structure during the study period allows for an indirect evaluation of planning impact on Rome's expansion. City's morphology changed rapidly due to urbanization. While in the first examined phase (1949-1974) metrics indicated compactness and densification trends, the fractal dimension of urban settlements increased in the subsequent period together with patch fragmentation, dispersion and shape complexity. The study identified the indicators better characterizing Rome's expansion as a contribution to the understanding of long-term urban dynamics in the Mediterranean region.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LAND-USE DISTRIBUTION AND RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS: THE CASE OF MIXED ARAB-JEWISH CITIES IN ISRAEL
Authors: GOLDBLATT Ran , OMER Itzhak
Published: October 2020

The emergence of GIS and the availability of high resolution geographic data have improved our ability to investigate the residential segregation in cities and to identify the temporal changes of the spatial phenomena. Using GIS, we have quantitatively and visually analyzed the correspondence between land-use distribution and Arab residential patterns and their changes in the period between 1983 and 2008 in five mixed Arab-Jewish Israeli cities. Results show a correspondence between the dynamics of Arab/Jewish residential patterns and the spatial distribution of various land-uses. Arab residential patterns diffused faster towards areas with relatively inferior land-uses than towards areas with more attractive land-uses, in which a gentrification process occurred. Moreover, large-scale non-residential land-uses act as spatial partitions that divide between Arab and Jewish residential areas. Understanding the association between the urban environment and residential patterns can help in formulating an appropriate social and spatial policy concerning planning of land-uses and design of the built environment in mixed cities.
HOUSEHOLD/ZONAL SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TOUR MAKING: CASE OF RICHMOND/TRI-CITIES MODEL REGION IN VIRGINIA
Authors: CHEN Xueming
Published: October 2020

This paper statistically assesses the impacts of household/zonal socio economic characteristics on tour making within the Richmond/Tri-Cities Model Region, Virginia, United States, based on the dataset made available through the 2009 Virginia National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) Add-On Program. The tour analysis distinguishes nine tour types (three simple tours and six complex tours) stratified by aggregate tour purposes of work (including school and other subsistence activities), maintenance and discretionary. A series of regression model runs have yielded the following conclusions: First, at aggregate level, the number of drivers, median household income, household size, number of workers, and zonal walking modal share are statistically significant and positively impact tour frequency. Tour length and complexity are positively related to household income and number of vehicles, but negatively related to zonal walking modal share. Second, at an individual tour type level, each tour type’s frequency/length/complexity is impacted by a different set of household/zonal socioeconomic characteristics. Zonal socioeconomic characteristics have little or no impacts on household tour making. It is recognized that many unknown factors may also have impacted tour activities, which require further in-depth studies in order to better explain complex tours.This paper statistically assesses the impacts of household/zonal socio economic characteristics on tour making within the Richmond/Tri-Cities Model Region, Virginia, United States, based on the dataset made available through the 2009 Virginia National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) Add-On Program. The tour analysis distinguishes nine tour types (three simple tours and six complex tours) stratified by aggregate tour purposes of work (including school and other subsistence activities), maintenance and discretionary. A series of regression model runs have yielded the following conclusions: First, at aggregate level, the number of drivers, median household income, household size, number of workers, and zonal walking modal share are statistically significant and positively impact tour frequency. Tour length and complexity are positively related to household income and number of vehicles, but negatively related to zonal walking modal share. Second, at an individual tour type level, each tour type’s frequency/length/complexity is impacted by a different set of household/zonal socioeconomic characteristics. Zonal socioeconomic characteristics have little or no impacts on household tour making. It is recognized that many unknown factors may also have impacted tour activities, which require further in-depth studies in order to better explain complex tours.
ADDRESSING SERVICE ACCESS BARRIERS FOR HOMELESS YOUTH: A CALL FOR COLLABORATION
Authors: PERRON Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2020

Homeless youth are among the most vulnerable individuals in North American society. The day-to-day stressors they face while living on the streets pose a great threat to their mental and physical health. A number of barriers that youth face in accessing care have been identified in the literature. This discussion article highlights work that has been done to apply geographic theory to issues of service access among homeless youth. To date, most such work has been theoretical in nature, with collaborations between geographers and homeless youth researchers to make applied recommendations for the location of services. Urban geographers and homeless youth researchers are implored to collaborate in order to make recommendations that will increase the access to service, particularly for rural homeless youth.
RAIL TRANSPORTATION AND CORE-PERIPHERY RELIANCE IN ISRAEL
Authors: ROTEM-MINDALI Orit , GEFEN Dor
Published: October 2020

Many policy makers suggest that rail is the solution for the development of the periphery, often conceived as a space suffering from under-development and lack of accessibility to the core. However, this policy, promoted around the world, does not consider core-periphery reliance as one of the rail investments' impacts. This study will examine the question: to what extent does the peripheral city, connected to the rail service, has a larger reliance on the core city? This study is a cross-sectional study that focuses on the passenger rail of an existing line to the periphery and of a planned line. The research reveals that rail does not necessarily induce the local development of the periphery but it induces larger reliance on the core.
THE DEGREE OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN BALTIMORE CITY
Authors: PARK Soyoung , KIM Sungchan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate influential factors that affect the levels of community engagement. Factors include community-level characteristics as well as demographic features of individuals in the community of Baltimore City. The study examines various community factors that affect the level of community engagement in the urban area, such as the level of homeownership, socioeconomic factors such as income and education, and demographic factors such as race, age, and sex. Findings from the study indicate that various factors from the social-cum-ethnic stratification influence the degree of community engagement in this urban area. Specifically, communities with high income levels and high levels of homeownership are more likely to induce residents to participate in their community. With regard to demographic factors, African-Americans and persons over the age of 65 years old are more willing to engage in community activities.
FROM NATIVE TO OUTLANDER: EXPLORING INFORMAL COMMUNITY IN CHENGZHONGCUN OF CHINA
Authors: PENG Xue Ni , BAEK Jin
Published: October 2020

In the existing research on Chinese migration, rural domestic Chinese migrants are often portrayed as a community of intruders with a detached culture who invade a host destination city. Usually, as a first step, they settle down in a so-called “Chengzhongcun” (literally a village encircled by the city boundaries, hereafter CZC), which is a kind of “urban village”, or an undeveloped part of a city that is overshadowed by the more developed areas. The present paper tries to give an image of the rural-to-urban migrants as a more vigorous mediator that forms their migration destination. The aims are the following: first, to achieve a detailed written analysis of an existing CZC community and its functioning as a mirror of the discriminating division between the rural and urban life in China. Secondly, by taking into account the experiences of migrant communities in their host cities, this paper seeks to highlight the migrants' emotional conflict and increasing loss of values that occurs in the migration process from the rural to the urban. Thirdly, the migrants' household survival strategies shall be explored. Finally, weaving these strands together, this paper presents a case study of a Tulou collective housing project in Guangzhou Province, China.
ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREATER BAKU
Authors: AFANDIYEV Vusat , EMINOV Zakir , NAGIYEV Saleh
Published: October 2020

Globally, the responsible factors for the ongoing development of urbanization are the high speed of population growth, and the mass migration of humans to cities and large urban areas. In most countries, this process resulted in the emergence of ‘pseudo-urbanization’ which is difficult to be regulated. The purpose of the carried researches to determine the development priorities in the territory of Greater Baku – the capital city of the Republic of Azerbaijan; to define the problems that take place in this connection; and to develop ways of elimination of these problems. The reason of taking Baku as a research area is connected with some of the factors. Firstly, studies on Baku have been conducted based on the Soviet geographical and urban planning school and their methods for a long period. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out research in this field based on the principles adopted in most countries. Secondly, since 1992, the intensive accumulation of population in the territory of the capital city and the surrounding areas is being observed because of socio-economic problems. As a result, the process of pseudo-urbanization intensified, entailing a densely-populated area. Thirdly, low-rise buildings still continue to exist in the large areas within the territory of Baku, and they are not associated with the functional structure of the city. This situation creates many challenges, particularly in terms of density growth and effective use of the city’s territory. Finally, numerous new buildings have been constructed in the residential areas of Baku in recent years, and this may entailserious problems in water supply, energy provision, and utilities. The study is carried out referring to previous works of researchers, statistic data, and the results of the population census conducted in 1959-2009.The practical significance of the scientific work is that positive and negative factors affecting the further development of Greater Baku are definedtogether withshowing the optimal ways of development.
STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION FOR URBAN CLIMATE RESILIENCE: A CASE OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS REGULARIZATION IN KHULNA CITY, BANGLADESH
Authors: SIKDER Sujit Kumar , ASADZADEH Asad , KUUSAANA Elias Danyi , MALLICK Bishawjit , KOETTER Theo
Published: October 2020

This study focuses on stakeholders’ participation, perceptions and local contextualization in the Informal Settlement (IS) regularization processes in Khulna City. These processes are undertaken to address livelihood challenges of IS dwellers and to operationalize development initiatives in informal regularization projects. Adopting both a qualitative and quantitative approach, the research results show that IS formation in Khulna City started slowly with rural immigration. These immigrants remain vulnerable to climate change although some initiatives were undertaken since the last 20 years to improve their living conditions. The IS dwellers and local leaders initially participated in these settlement-upgrading initiatives due to accompanied incentives but they became adamant after the project period ended. It was also found that the city local government and NGOs do not have any permanent arrangement to sustain the IS regularization processes. The analysis of the interrelationships among the stakeholders revealed that the relevant public agencies are in conflict, and the role of the private sector is less recognized. The initiatives undertaken so far have limited success especially in granting tenure security, and the private landowners or local authorities that trespassed public spaces resort to forceful eviction. Amidst all these, there is the need for the formulation and implementation of climate resilience policies that address stakeholder participations in mitigating climate change consequences and enhance livelihood development.
SUBURBAN VS. URBAN FRINGES ENTITIES’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AMENITIES: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN CRACOW CITY, POLAND
Authors: LITYŃSKI Piotr
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to estimate the value of selected amenities of infrastructure, space and public services on both sides of the cities’ administrative borders and its territorial implications. The used method is the estimation of WTP. The method was addressed to households and companies located in the district adjoining areas which are administratively not part of the city, and that are judged to be strongly characterized by the processes of suburbanization. The conclusions of the study indicate that the administrative border of the city is polarized in terms of a household economic profile. Residents of both regions express their needs for amenities and suburban residents generally estimate their value higher. While firms from both areas are not interested in improvements, the administrative border of the city does not really differentiate businesses (size, employment, wages).
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND THE QUALITY OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AS FACTORS TO ATTRACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF GREECE
Authors: CHOROMIDES Constantinos
Published: October 2020

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered by researchers as a critical factor for economic growth and development since they have shown a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth. The recent economic crisis in the European Union (EU) has brought up again the discussion of the key drivers specific to the attraction of FDI. In addition to strict economic factors the literature emphasizes the role of institutions in a country as determinants in attracting FDI inflows. An analysis of the role that the quality of institutions in attracting FDI has in Greece is attempted using an econometric model on institutional, regulatory, country specific and firm level data. For the purpose of giving a regional dimension in the analysis, and for attempting a comparison of the findings, the analysis focuses besides Greece, in two other Southeastern European countries (SEE), Bulgaria and Romania, being two new member states of the EU.
IS SOCIAL RESILIENCE AN ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ISSUE OR JUST THE ABILITY OF COMMUNITIES TO COPE WITH EXTERNAL STRESS?
Authors: ȘERBAN Paul-Răzvan , TĂLÂNGĂ Cristian
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes social resilience at county level in Romania, in the context of the recent global financial and economic crisis. Generally, social resilience is seen as the ability of communities to cope with external stress such as changes in the economic environment. This study emphasizes the vulnerabilities of economies where communities live in, namely the particularities of economic environment where human communities evolve and co-evolve by resilience emergence. Thus, the link between the social and the economic component requires a special attention, initially external shock being experienced by the economic structure, which, to respond to sudden changes, dissipates shock to the other components of the social-economic system, namely the social component. The close relationship between the economic and the social components causes economies deepening into crisis by triggering a circular causality process. The population’s decision to change residence interrupts this process, leading to social resilience.
URBAN IDENTITY AND IRANIAN NEW TOWNS
Authors: PAZHUHAN Musa , ZAYYARI Keramatolah , GHASEMZADEH Behnam , QURBANI Hamid
Published: October 2020

In an era when urbanization on a large scale and at a rapid pace has become a dominant trend, particularly in developing countries, the fundamental issue of urban spaces identity is always being ignored. This is an important issue in two respects. First, it refers to the weakening of the identity elements over time, coinciding with the new development; second, it regards the lack of attention to identity stimulants, and failure in using them in a figurative and semantic manner in a small-scale structure to the macro-scale of urban tissues. The relative identity crisis is particularly apparent in new towns and it is one of the obstacles to attract population into these soulless towns. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the identity of 10 new towns in Iran to achieve a conceptual-cognitive framework for reviewing the above mentioned problem. We conducted this research based on qualitative and quantitative methods and by the use of the Goeller matrix and of a qualitative survey questionnaire. Findings indicate that in terms of selected measures, the new town of Baharestan achieved the first place and the other two towns “Andisheh and Pardis” occupied the next ranks. Results indicate that among new towns under investigation, the new town of Baharestan got the highest rank because its principles of identity were inspired by the principles of the Isfahan School.
DO POST-SOCIALIST URBAN AREAS MAINTAIN THEIR SUSTAINABLE COMPACT FORM? ROMANIAN URBAN AREAS AS CASE STUDY
Authors: GRĂDINARU Simona Raluca , IOJĂ Cristian Ioan , PĂTRU-STUPARIU Ileana
Published: October 2020

The compact city is regarded as an important concept in promoting sustainable development, especially within the European Union. The socialist urban planning system maintained a high compactness of the urban areas through almost exclusive predominance of the public sector in housing provision, and ideological nature of the planning strategies. After the 1990’s, the administrative decentralization allowed local authorities to adopt particular urban development strategies. However, development was directly influenced by the importance of the urban administrative centre. The aim of the paper is to determine if post-socialist urban areas maintained their compact urban form or they encountered different evolution trajectories. We determined the type of changes by calculating urban form indicators at two time moments: 1990 and 2006. Furthermore, the two-way repeated-measurement ANOVA was used to identify significant changes, and to assess the effect of the development level of the urban area on the variance of form indicators. The results show that Romanian post-socialist urban areas either shifted from the compact form, "inherited" after the collapse of socialism, to more dispersed patterns, either expanded in a compact manner. Moreover, as development level got higher, urban areas were more likely to be affected by suburbanization and periurbanization. In order to respond to these challenges, new instruments such as setting of metropolitan areas or spatial framework plans could be used. Furthermore, planning should be adapted to local circumstances and to the different development trajectories of big and mid-sized urban areas.
EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES AND SERVICE DELIVERY CHOICES IN SPANISH MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONS
Authors: SALVADOR Miquel , RIBA Clara
Published: October 2020

This article contributes to the debate on the use of alternative formulas for public service provision with arguments related to epistemic communities’ influence. Drawing on the literature on models of local public service delivery, the role of internal epistemic communities is discussed and tested through the consideration of two different communities related to specific municipal areas such as personal and urban services. The results demonstrate that the association of urban services’ epistemic communities with alternative formulas for direct provision to deliver services is greater than in the case of personal services’ epistemic community. Those findings contribute to the academic debate not only with arguments and evidence that reinforces the role of variables included in previous research but also by introducing the role of epistemic communities in determining some policy options (as the use of local public-service delivery formulas).
EXPLORING THE QUALITY OF EMPLOYMENT IN ROMANIA AT DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL LEVELS
Authors: MOCANU Irena , ȘERBAN Paul-Răzvan
Published: October 2020

The paper aims to explore the quality of employment at different territorial levels (national, macro-regional, regional, county and local level). The first section of the study approaches the quality of employment in terms of several perspectives (sociological, economic and geographical). Methodological aspects are discussed in the second section, with focus on the selection of statistical indicators by two main criteria: the relevance of the indicators and their availability for all the mentioned territorial levels. The largest part of the paper presents the analysis results, basically the typologies of the mentioned territorial levels in terms of selected indicators mirroring the quality of employment. The study shows that there exists a relationship between the situation of the quality of employment (weak, average or good) and the different territorial levels analysed.
STEPS IN UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INSTABILITY UPON URBAN TERITORRIAL SYSTEMS
Authors: SCHVAB Andrei , SÎRODOEV Igor , PARASCHIV Mirela , VĂIDIANU Natașa
Published: October 2020

Instability is an omnipresent process that creates the conditions for adaptation and change. A territorial system cannot develop without instability. A high degree of system instability points out an acute structural and functional disorder. The present study proposes a method to measure system instability through economic structural and functional changes inside urban territorial systems. The analysis is done by quantifying the changes and transfers in internal economic hierarchies. System instability shows the role that the system plays in its environment and consequently the measures that can be taken to amplify or hinder (depending on the desired outcome) that role. The conceptual framework captures the adaptive processes associated with system instability and both structural and functional changes are evidenced. The non-linear processes were analysed for the urban territorial system of Baia Mare (Romania) underlining their role in the city’s adaptation to the changing of its environment. The proposed method starts from the assumption that internal systemic hierarchy is a very stable parameter of state. If the system is unstable, significant changes of the internal hierarchy will happen, and this will be reflected in a strong structural and functional shift. Measuring system instability helps better understanding the impact that change and adaptation have over the territorial system and its environment. Understanding these processes may offer policy makers the evidence they need to take actions in a conscious manner.
URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA
Authors: RAMACHANDRA T. V. , BHARATH H. A. , SOWMYASHREE M. V.
Published: October 2020

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.
Influence of Constructivism Instructional Approach on Students’ Achievement in Mathematics in Secondary Schools in Mandera Central Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Majiwa Charles Ogembo , Njoroge Benson , Cheseto Nancy
Published: October 2020

Student’s performance in Mathematics in national examinations has continued to be low. Efforts have been made to reverse this trend, but the low student performance persists. The situation is dire in Mandera Central Sub-County. Perhaps it is imperative to investigate the influence of the constructivism instructional approach on student’s achievement in mathematics in secondary schools, which is the main thrust of the current study. The objectives of the study were to examine the influence of explanation and elaboration on students' achievement in Mathematics in secondary schools in Mandera Central Sub-county, Kenya. The study was based on the concepts of individual constructivist theory, social constructivist theory and Jerome Brumer constructivist theory. The study used a mixed research methodology. The study adopted the experimental research design. The target population was a total of 2,573 respondents comprising of 120 teachers and 2,453 students from 3 boys’ schools, 3 girls’ schools and 3 mixed schools within Mandera Central Sub-county in Kenya. The sample of students to be used in the study was selected using random sampling procedures. The study sample size was 222 respondents. The validity of the instrument was ascertained by a panel of experts in Mathematics education from the Department of Education, Psychology and Technology, School of Education, Mount Kenya University. The data collected quantitatively was analysed by the use of descriptive statistics applying the use of SPSS (version 24) and its presentation was done by use of percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. The findings were displayed using bars, graphs, charts and in prose form. Content analysis was applied in testing the data that was qualitative in nature or aspect of the data that was gathered using open-ended questions. The findings showed that learners that were educated using the technique of constructivist had a higher achievement in Mathematics this is because there was a score in their achievement in Mathematics as compared to the students who were taught using the traditional approach. Additionally, those learners who were taught in a constructivist- learning environment had a significant improvement in their understanding and their abilities in comparison to the rest of the abilities such as knowledge and skills by 30%. The study concluded that the constructivist method of teaching is suitable in bettering the achievement of learners in Mathematics and therefore needs to be embraced for practice for schools to realize improved performance in Mathematics.
НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ НЕГАТИВНИМ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИМ ЯВИЩАМ У ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВІЙ СФЕРІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО КОНФЛІКТУ
Authors: ДУХНЕВИЧ Віталій Миколайович
Published: October 2020

Представлено основні положення доповіді, проголошеної автором на засіданні Президії НАПН України 17 вересня 2020 р., що розкривають результати фундаментального дослідження з означеної проблеми. Презентовано концепцію запобігання негативним психологічним явищам у політико-правовій сфері, пов’язаних зі збройним протистоянням на сході країни, та подолання цих явищ. Зроблено акцент на необхідності інтерпретації негативних психологічних наслідків воєнного конфлікту на сході України у двох площинах — соціально-психологічній і політико-правовій. Обґрунтовано відповідні негативні явища в кожній із цих площин. Описано основні соціально-психологічні симптоми негативних психологічних наслідків у політико-правовій сфері, пов’язані з воєнним конфліктом. Схарактеризовано три групи закономірностей виникнення та впливу негативних психологічних явищ у політико-правовій сфері в умовах воєнного конфлікту: системні закономірності, закономірності прояву патерналізму та закономірності ставлення населення до зброї і воєнного конфлікту загалом. Презентовано стратегії запобігання негативним психологічним явищам у політико-правовій сфері, пов’язаних зі збройним протистоянням на сході країни, та подолання цих явищ на трьох рівнях (макрорівень, мезорівень і мікрорівень).
Program Kemitraan Telusur Lebak Pilar dalam Mendukung Pengurangan Sampah Plastik di Kota Bogor
Authors: Radhiansyah Emil , Wijanarko Adrian , Annas Faris Budiman
Published: October 2020

Kota Bogor tengah mengusahakan pengurangan sampah plastik. Usaha ini diwujudkan dalam program Botak (Bogor Tanpa Kantong Plastik). Kebijakan larangan penggunaan kantong plastik di toko ritel modern dan pusat perbelanjaan itu diatur dalam Peraturan Wali Kota Nomor 61 Tahun 2018. Namun, kesadaran masyarakat Kota Bogor terhadap pengurangan penggunaan kantong plastik dan dampak terhadap lingkungan juga masih rendah. Oleh karena itu program pengabdian masyarakat Telusur Lebak Pilar dilaksanakan dan terdiri dari dua rangkaian acara yakni aksi bersih lingkungan di Lapangan Sempur Bogor dan dilanjutkan dengan seminar atau talkshow lingkungan bertemakan “Kemitraan dalam Integritas Pelestarian Lingkungan Untuk Mendukung SDGs 2030”. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menghadirkan semangat kemitraan antar sektor yakni pemerintah, institusi pendidikan dan LSM dalam menjaga lingkungan dari limbah plastik dengan memberikan informasi tentang bahaya sampah plastik dan memberikan pemahanan tentang creative thinking untuk mengubah limbah plastik sehingga memiliki nilai tambah.

 

Bogor City is working to reducing plastic waste. The City has launched program called Botak (Bogor Tanpa Kantong Plastik). The policy to ban plastic bag use in modern retail and traditional market has been regulated in Mayor Regulation Number 61 Tahun 2018. However, awareness of local people to reducing plastic bag use and the impact plastic bag to the environment still poor. Therefore, community service called Telusur Lebak Pilar was held and consisted of two agenda which is cleaning action in Sempur Bogor Field and seminar and talkshow about environment with topic “Partnership in Integrity for Environmental Conservation to Support SDGs 2030”. The results of community service are to make collaboration partnership between government, educational institutions and NGOs in protecting environment from plastic waste by providing information about the dangers of plastic waste and providing understanding of creative thinking to change plastic waste so that it has added value.
Rumah Kreatif dan Inovasi Sebagai Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kampung Muara Bahari
Authors: Yunia Anita , Pinariya Janette Maria
Published: October 2020

Banyaknya jumlah penyalahgunaan dan peredaran narkoba di Indonesia, membuat semakin banyak upaya-upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan narkoba dari berbagai pihak, salah satunya adalah pihak pemerintah Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN). Selain menjalani tugas pokok dalam program Pencegahan Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN), BNN juga menerapkan program pemberdayaan alternatif sebagai program pendukung untuk mewujudkan Indonesia bebas narkoba. Kampung Muara Bahari merupakan salah satu wilayah sasaran program pemberdayaan alternatif yang dilakukan BNN Kota Jakarta Utara bersama PT Indonesia Power UPJP Priok. Pemberdayaan alternatif ini dilakukan berdasarkan banyaknya pengguna narkoba yang direhabilitasi serta temuan kasus narkoba di wilayah tersebut. Upaya pemberdayaan di kampung Muara Bahari ini dilakukan di Rumah Kreatif dan Inovasi dengan menghadirkan berbagai program kreatif dan inovasi melalui metodologi sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Selain untuk meminimalisir angka pengguna narkoba, tujuan pemberdayaan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan kreativitas masyarakat dan klien pascarehabilitasi narkoba. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, upaya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan di Rumah Kreatif dan Inovasi ini membawa banyak perubahan kepada masyarakat. Selain dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dan pendapatan ekonomi masyarakat, pemberdayaan ini membuat tali silaturahmi masyarakat kampung Muara Bahari menjadi saling terjaga.
Sosialisasi Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No.19 Tahun 2016 dan Kode Etik dalam Penggunaan Media Sosial Bagi Guru
Authors: Made Ayu Stefani , Rahmaddian Rahmaddian
Published: October 2020

Pemerintah berupaya mengontrol, melindungi serta menertibkan masyarakat dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi dan transaksi elektronik melalui Undang-UndangRepublik Indonesia No. 19 Tahun2016. Namun dalam implementasinya, karena kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat terutama kepada guru SD membuat para gurumerasa kebingungan dan takut; terutama karena banyak kasus ASN yang dijerat hukum akibat pelanggaran Undang-Undang tersebut. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan sosialisasi, pengertian dan juga berbagi pengalaman terkait Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No.19 Tahun 2016 dan Kode Etik Guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah presentasi dan diskusi, dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan selama sosialisasi berlangsung. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi kegiatan, seluruh peserta sosialisasi mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih tentang pentingnya penggunaan internet khususnya media sosial secara sehat agar tidak melanggar kode etik guru dan sumpah ASN.

 

Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2016 is one of the ways the Indonesian Government controls, protects, and disciplines the citizen in terms of using information and electronic transactions. But in its implementation, the lack of socialization to the community, especially to elementary school teachers, made elementary school teachers feel confused and scared; especially with the emergence of civil apparatus cases of teachers who were arrested for tripping cases of violations of the law. The purpose of this service is to provide socialization, understanding and at the same time share experiences related to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.19 of 2016 and teacher ethics. The methods that used in this service are presentation and discussion method. Assistance also carried out during the socialization. Based on the evaluation, all socialization participants felt they understood better and understood the importance of using the internet in a healthy manner so as not to violate the teacher's code of ethics and the oath of civil apparatus.
Perancangan Program Kampanye Rescue and Adopt Melalui Webtoon Four Little Feet Untuk Membangun Sikap Kepedulian Pada Hewan
Authors: Prisca Hannah
Published: October 2020

Perancangan Kampanye Rescue and Adopt Melalui Webtoon “Four Little Feet” untuk Let’s Adopt Indonesia merupakan bentuk upaya meningkatkan awareness target audience bahwa setiap anjing dan kucing memiliki hak yang sama untuk mendapatkan kesempatan hidup yang layak. Juga meningkatkan awareness mengenai pentingnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan rescue dan adopsi. Hal ini dikarenakan komunitas penyelamat hewan sudah memberikan kontribusi dalam menolong hewan-hewan yang terluka, dan terlantar namun jumlahnya masih belum cukup jika dilihat hewan-hewan yang terlantar masih banyak hidup di jalan. Yang menjadi tantangan bagi komunitas ini adalah human resources serta inisiatif masyarakat dalam kegiatan rescue dan adopsi sehingga diharapkan dengan meningkatnya inisiatif, akan mendorong lebih banyaknya hewan tertolong dan pulih, hingga teradopsi.Perancangan materi desain kampanye ini memiliki target audience berusia 16-31tahun yang mulai dan sudah menginjak dewasa dan lebih bertanggungjawab. Materi kampanye yaitu Webtoon, e-poster,dan Line Sticker. Dalam perancangan karya visual kampanye sosial ini, digunakan Sistem Perancangan Kampanye oleh Yongki Safanayong, dimana langkah-langkah pembuatannya meliputi latar belakang fakta, identifikasi masalah, analisis situasi, analisis tantangan dan peluang, strategi kampanye, komponen kampanye/pemilihan media, visualisasi, dan produksi.

 

Rescue and Adopt Campaign Design Through "Four Little Feet" Webtoon for Let's Adopt Indonesia is a way of raising awareness of the target audience that every dog ​​and cat have the same right to get a decent living opportunity. It also raises awareness about the importance of community participation in rescue and adoption activities. The reason is that animal rescue communities have contributed to helping wounded, abandoned animals but the numbers are still insufficient there are still many abandoned animals living on the streets. The challenge for this community is human resources as well as community initiatives in rescue and adoption activities so hopefully with increased initiative, more animals have the oppotunity to be rescued and recovered, until adopted. The design of this campaign design material has a target audience aged 16-31 years who started and have grown up and be more responsible. Campaign materials are Webtoon, e-poster, and Line Sticker. In designing the visual work of this social campaign. The social campaign design materials were adopted from the System Design Campaign by Yongki Safanayong, which measures manufacturing background, including facts, problem identification, analysis of the situation, analysis of challenges and opportunities, campaign strategy, components of the campaign / media selection, visualization, and production.
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN SISWA PADA BIMBINGAN BELAJAR ONMA DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Sari Sapta
Published: October 2020

The development of tutoring or bimbel does not only occur in big cities but also in the city of Bengkulu. Like Primagama, Ganesha, Talenta, and Onma. One of the tutoring in Bengkulu City is Onma. Onma Foundation is an institution that aims to help the government to realize a society that has competitive value in the world of education and the labor market, especially in Bengkulu Province. Up to now the addressable guidance institution on Mayjend street. Soetoyo No. 25 Tanah Patah Sub-District of Bengkulu City is still one of the partners of the Provincial Government and the City of Bengkulu to realize Bengkulu City Students. The ability and trust of students studying at Onma is influenced by the quality of the teacher. Teachers who are confident and have good interpersonal communication with their students will make students more quickly master the subject matter and they also have confidence in themselves that they are able to complete the tasks given by the teacher in tutoring. In this case, the teacher plays a very important role in increasing students' trust in their guidance teacher. Given that there are still many high school students in the city of Bengkulu not yet fully have good beliefs and morals even though in the field of academic achievement they excel, like Public High School 05 City students Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to examine the process of tutoring for students through interpersonal communication between teachers and students which has a relationship with the level of trust possessed by high school students 05 City of Bengkulu who are currently attending the tutoring process at Onma Bengkulu.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Sistem Wiper Otomatis (Rain Sensor) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XII di SMK Islam Sudirman Grabag Magelang
Authors: Surpriyadi Danik , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan hambatan dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran, (2) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) sekolah sebesar 75 pada mata pelajaran sistem wiper dengan mengembangkan media pembelajaran trainer konvensional menjadi media pembelajaran trainer sistem wiper otomatis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan Research and Development. Subyek dalam penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas XII TKR SMK Islam Sudirman Grabag Magelang dengan kelas eksperimen (XII TKR B) yang berjumlah 25 siswa dan kelas kontrol (XII TKR A) yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode angket dan tes. Angket berisi tanggapan siswa dengan 3 indikator dan 6 pernyataan dan tes berisi 20 butir soal. Sebelum digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian, angket dan tes di uji cobakan secara terbatas kepada 20 siswa jurusan teknik kendaraan ringan untuk memperoleh validitas instrumen. Penghitungan instrumen angket dan tes menggunakan rumus validitas point biserial atau dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : Uji coba terbatas terhadap instrumen menghasilkan dimana dan dengan nilai rata-rata 72,708% atau dengan kategori valid. Prosedur pengembangan sistem wiper otomatis di SMK Islam Sudirman Grabag Magelang dimulai dari tahap observasi, dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan media pembelajaran trainer sistem wiper otomatis pada mata pelajaran sistem wiper dan washer, langkah pembuatan media tersebut dimulai dari : (1) perencanaan, sketsa alat yang akan dihasilkan ditentukan, (2) penyediaan bahan, (3) pembuatan media, (4) uji kelayakan alat dengan uji terbatas melalui penggalian tanggapan siswa terkait alat tersebut, (5) revisi tahap I, (6) uji validasi ahli media, (7) revisi tahap 2, (8) implementasi, dimana alat yang telah dihasilkan siap untuk digunakan didalam penelitian. Hambatan didalam pembuatan media pembelajaran yakni modul yang kurang awet karena menggunakan bahan bahan yang tersedia di pasaran tanpa melihat kualitas. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 7,6%, dengan nilai rata-rata 76,00 (sudah memenuhi KKM) dengan demikian menunjukkan siswa lebih aktif dan termotivasi dengan adanya media pembelajaran trainer sistem wiper otomatis. dan nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas kontrol sebesar 68,12 (belum memenuhi KKM).
Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Pada Mata Pelajaran Sistem Pengapian Konvensional Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Kelas XI TKRO di SMK Pancasila 1 Kutoarjo
Authors: Wardani Suci Ari , Primartadi Aci
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan media pembelajaran yang mempengaruhi minat belajar siswa kelas XI TKRO di SMK Pancasila 1 Kutoarjo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 siswa kelas XI TKRO SMK Pancasila 1 Kutoarjo. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar penilaian yang berupa angket. Analisis data menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi dan tabel presentase. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) Penelitian ini berupa penelitan deskriptif pelaksanaan tindakan yang dilakukan selama 2 siklus. Tindakan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang berbasis multimedia interaktif Dari hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan minat belajar siswa kelas XI TKRO SMK Pancasila 1 Kutoarjo setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran dengan rata-rata siklus I 58,46 dan untuk siklus II mendapatkan rata-rata 64,03. Terdapat kenaikan hasil minat belajar dengan mencapai presentase sebesar 80%.