bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICER 2016, and Star Trek at 50
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Reed Daniel
Published: December 2016

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Mark Guzdial reports on promising papers, and Daniel Reed recalls a television show that continues to inspire innovation.
How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: December 2016

The thrust of the Communication Corner is to offer step-by-step advice to help you become a better writer and speaker. This first essay explains how Phillip Yaffe went from being a very poor writer and speaker to being a recognizably good one, almost despite himself.
Aberrant Expression Profile of Long Noncoding RNA in Human Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Microarray Analysis
Authors: Meng Ling-zhao , Fang Ju-gao , Sun Jing-wu , Yang Fan , Wei Yong-xiang
Published: December 2016

Objectives. This study aimed to identify aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) profile of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) and explore their potential functions. Methods. We investigated lncRNA and mRNA expression in SSCC and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues obtained from 6 patients with microarrays. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and pathway analysis were utilized to investigate the gene function. Gene signal-network and lncRNA-mRNA network were depicted. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to validate 5 lncRNAs in a second set of paired SSCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues obtained from 22 additional patients. Results. We identified significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs (n=3146) and mRNAs (n=2208) in SSCC relative to noncancerous tissues. The GO annotation indicated that there are some core gene products that may be attributed to the progress of SSCC. The pathway analysis identified many pathways associated with cancer. The results of lncRNA-mRNA network and gene signal-network implied some core lncRNAs/mRNAs might play important roles in SSCC pathogenesis. The results of qRT-PCR showed that all of the 5 lncRNAs were differentially expressed and consistent with the microarray results. Conclusion. Our study is the first screening and analysis of lncRNAs expression profile in SSCC and may offer new insights into pathogenesis of this disease.
Modeling and Optimization of the Drug Extraction Production Process
Authors: He Dakuo , Wang Zhengsong , Yang Le , Liu Tongshan , Yao Yao , Mao Zhizhong
Published: December 2016

Optimized control of the drug extraction production process (DEPP) aims to reduce production costs and improve economic benefit while meeting quality requirements. However, optimization of DEPP is hampered by model uncertainty. Thus, in this paper, a strategy that considers model uncertainty is proposed. Mechanistic modeling of DEPP is first discussed in the context of previous work. The predictive model used for optimization is then developed by simplifying the mechanism. Optimization for a single extraction process is first implemented, but this is found to lead to serious wastage of herbs. Hence, the optimization of a multiextraction process is then conducted. To manage the uncertainty in the model, a data-driven iterative learning control method is introduced to improve the economic benefit by adjusting the operating variables. Finally, fuzzy parameter adjustment is adopted to enhance the convergence rate of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling and optimization strategy is validated through a series of simulations.
Galectin-3 Reflects Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Being Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kim Seung-Hyun , Behnes Michael , Natale Michele , Hoffmann Julia , Reckord Nadine , Hoffmann Ursula , Budjan Johannes , Henzler Thomas , Papavassiliu Theano , Borggrefe Martin , Bertsch Thomas , Akin Ibrahim
Published: December 2016

Background. This study investigates whether serum levels of galectin-3 may reflect impaired mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in patients undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI).Methods. Patients undergoing cMRI during routine clinical care were included prospectively within an all-comers design. Blood samples for biomarker measurements were collected within 24 hours following cMRI. Statistical analyses were performed in all patients and in three subgroups according to MAPSE (MAPSE I: ≥11 mm, MAPSE II: ≥8 mm–<11 mm, and MAPSE III: <8 mm). Patients with right ventricular dysfunction (<50%) were excluded.Results. 84 patients were included in the study. Median LVEF was 59% (IQR 51–64%). Galectin-3 correlated significantly with NT-proBNP (r=0.42,p=0.0001). Galectin-3 increased significantly according to the different stages of impaired MAPSE (p=0.006) and was able to discriminate both patients with impaired MAPSE <11 mm (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.645,p=0.024) and <8 mm (AUC = 0.733,p=0.003). Combining galectin-3 with NT-proBNP improved discrimination of MAPSE <8 mm (AUC 0.803,p=0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression models galectin-3 was still associated with impaired MAPSE (MAPSE < 11 mm: odds ratio (OR) = 3.53,p=0.018; MAPSE < 8 mm: OR = 3.18,p=0.06).Conclusions. Galectin-3 reflects MAPSE being assessed by cardiac MRI.
Effects of Early Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration on E-Selectin, Hemodynamic Stability, and Ventilatory Function in Patients with Septic-Shock-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Meng Jian-biao , Lai Zhi-zhen , Xu Xiu-juan , Ji Chun-lian , Hu Ma-hong , Zhang Geng
Published: December 2016

Objective. To investigate the effects of 72-hour early-initiated continuous venovenous hemofiltration (ECVVH) treatment in patients with septic-shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (not acute kidney injury, AKI) with regard to serum E-selectin and measurements of lung function and hemodynamic stability.Methods. This prospective nonblinded single institutional randomized study involved 51 patients who were randomly assigned to receive or not receive ECVVH, an ECVVH group (n=24) and a non-ECVVH group (n=27). Besides standard therapies, patients in ECVVH group underwent CVVH for 72 h.Results. At 0 and 24 h after initiation of treatment, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio, extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), and E-selectin level were not significantly different between groups (allP>0.05). Compared to non-ECVVH group, PaO2/FiO2is significantly higher and EVLWI and E-selectin level are significantly lower in ECVVH group (allP<0.05) at 48 h and 72 h after initiation of treatment. The lengths of mechanical ventilation and stay in intensive care unit (ICU) were shorter in ECVVH group (allP<0.05), but there was no difference in 28-day mortality between two groups.Conclusions. In patients with septic-shock-induced ARDS (not AKI), treatment with ECVVH in addition to standard therapies improves endothelial function, lung function, and hemodynamic stability and reduces the lengths of mechanical ventilation and stay in ICU.
Satisfaction Domains Differ between the Patient and Their Family in Adult Intensive Care Units
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Song Ge , Sim Pei Zhen , Ting Kit Cheng , Yoo Jeffrey Kwang Sui , Wang Qing Li , Mascuri Raudhah Binte Haji Mohamad , Ong Venetia Hui Ling , Phua Jason , Kowitlawakul Yanika
Published: December 2016

Background.Patients’ and family’s satisfaction data from the Asian intensive care units (ICUs) is lacking.Objective.Domains between patient and family satisfaction and contribution of each domain to the general satisfaction were studied.Method.Over 3 months, adult patients across 4 ICUs staying for more than 48 hours with abbreviated mental test score of 7 or above and able to understand English and immediate family members were surveyed by separate validated satisfaction questionnaires.Results.Two hundred patients and 194 families were included in the final analysis. Significant difference in the satisfaction scores was observed between the ICUs. Patients were most and least satisfied in the communication (4.2 out of 5) and decision-making (2.9 out of 5) domains, respectively. Families were most and least satisfied in the relationship with doctors (3.9 out of 5) and family’s involvement domains (3.3 out of 5), respectively. Domains contributing most to the general satisfaction were the illness management domain for patients (βcoefficient = 0.44) and characteristics of doctors and nurses domain for family (βcoefficient = 0.45).Discussion.In an Asian ICU community, patients and families differ in their expectations and valuations of health care processes. Health care providers have difficult tasks in attending to these different domains.
Atezolizumab: A PD-L1–Blocking Antibody for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Inman Brant A. , Longo Thomas A. , Ramalingam Sundhar , Harrison Michael R.
Published: December 2016

Atezolizumab (Tecentriq, MPDL3280A; Genentech/Roche) is an FcγR binding–deficient, fully humanized IgG1 mAb designed to interfere with the binding of PD-L1 ligand to its two receptors, PD-1 and B7.1. By blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint, atezolizumab reduces immunosuppressive signals found within the tumor microenvironment and, consequently, increases T-cell–mediated immunity against the tumor. Atezolizumab has been FDA approved as second-line therapy for advanced bladder cancer. This accelerated approval was based on phase II trial data in patients with metastatic bladder cancer that showed unexpected and durable tumor responses. In subjects whose tumors progressed on first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective response rate was 15%, the complete response rate was 5%, and 1-year overall survival was 36%. In subjects that were chemotherapy naïve and cisplatin ineligible, the objective response rate was 24%, the complete response rate was 7%, and 1-year overall survival was 57%. Better responses were associated with higher PD-L1 expression on the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. These data suggest that patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with atezolizumab have significantly better response rates and survival than historical controls treated with other second-line regimens. The toxicity profile of atezolizumab is also favorable. Trials are currently assessing whether atezolizumab is effective in earlier bladder cancer stages and in the first-line metastatic setting. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1886–90. ©2016 AACR.
Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wruhs Marlies , Feldmann Robert , Sawetz Isabelle , Breier Friedrich , Steiner Andreas
Published: December 2016

An 82-year-old woman presented with a 9-month history of multiple, well-defined skin lesions on her neck and upper chest, progressively increasing in size. Histological examination of a skin biopsy showed a regular epidermis. In the dermis, granulomatous changes with central necrobiosis were found which extended focally into the subcutaneous fat. The necrobiotic areas were surrounded by Touton cells and foreign-body giant cells. Laboratory analysis revealed leucopenia. Serum electrophoresis and immunofixation disclosed the presence of an IgG-λ paraprotein. Bone marrow aspiration cytology showed 20% plasmatic cells. The skeletal X-ray revealed frontal and occipital osteolytic skull lesions as well as pubic osteolysis. Urinalysis was unremarkable without proteinuria. Based on the clinical, laboratory, and histological findings, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma in association with multiple myeloma was diagnosed. The patient was treated with bortezomib combined with oral dexamethasone. Follow-up at week 13 revealed the complete disappearance of the IgG paraproteinemia. However, the skin lesions remained unchanged. Therefore, bortezomib treatment was discontinued, and systemic corticosteroids were continued at a higher dosage. After the steroid treatment, the lesions markedly flattened.
Impact of Left Atrial Appendage Closure During Cardiac Surgery on the Occurrence of Early Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Mortality
Authors: Melduni Rowlens M. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Lee Hon-Chi , Gersh Bernard J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Bailey Kent R. , Ammash Naser M. , Cha Stephen S. , Fatema Kaniz , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Seward James B. , Packer Douglas L. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Asirvatham Samuel J.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Prophylactic exclusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is often performed during cardiac surgery ostensibly to reduce the risk of stroke. However, the clinical impact of LAA closure in humans remains inconclusive.

Methods:

Of 10 633 adults who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery between January 2000 and December 2005, 9792 patients with complete baseline characteristics, surgery procedure, and follow-up data were included in this analysis. A propensity score–matching analysis based on 28 pretreatment covariates was performed and 461 matching pairs were derived and analyzed to estimate the association of LAA closure with early postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) (atrial fibrillation ≤30 days of surgery), ischemic stroke, and mortality.

Results:

In the propensity-matched cohort, the overall incidence of POAF was 53.9%. In this group, the rate of early POAF among the patients who underwent LAA closure was 68.6% versus 31.9% for those who did not undergo the procedure (
P
<0.001). LAA closure was independently associated with an increased risk of early POAF (adjusted odds ratio, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 2.89–5.20), but did not significantly influence the risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.58) or mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–1.13).

Conclusions:

After adjustment for treatment allocation bias, LAA closure during routine cardiac surgery was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POAF, but it did not influence the risk of stroke or mortality. It remains uncertain whether prophylactic exclusion of the LAA is warranted for stroke prevention during non–atrial fibrillation-related cardiac surgery.
Retrieving Zwingli’s Doctrine of Original Sin
Authors: Crisp Oliver D.
Published: December 2016

Huldrych Zwingli’s understanding of original sin is usually sidelined in contemporary Reformed theology. In this paper I argue that Zwingli’s views are worthy of theological retrieval for contemporary dogmatics. His position offers a moderate version of the doctrine that has ecumenical promise. It also avoids well-known objections to some later Reformed views such as that it unjustly imputes guilt to the innocent, and the sin of one (Adam) to the many (humanity). Although there are some difficulties in Zwingli’s account, I argue that his doctrine provides a useful framework for a contemporary moderate Reformed account of original sin.
Manuscripts in Bihari Calligraphy: Preliminary Remarks on a Little-Known Corpus
Authors: Brac De La Perrière Eloïse
Published: December 2016

Within the corpus of manuscripts attributed to Sultanate India (thirteenth to sixteenth centuries), one group of Korans stands out. These Korans, which are in the Bihari script, follow precise and recurrent rules. They are defined by the use of Bihari calligraphy, a writing style specific to the Indian subcontinent, as well as by a common ornamentation and a particular page layout that reveals a complex hermeneutical system. This system is made up of different categories of texts related to the Koran, among which are repeated references to the canonical readings, or qiraʾāt. Several manuscripts also contain a book of divination (fālnāma) appended at the end. The oldest specimens are among the earliest known manuscripts for India, even though their production extended into the nineteenth century, which raises numerous questions about the milieu in which they may have come into existence and the uses for which they may have been intended.
Consumer Protection in Mortgage Lending
Authors: Staff Natalie
Published: December 2016

For different reasons, such as the financial crisis of 2007, the eu has adopted a directive with the purpose of harmonising consumer mortgage lending law whilst ensuring a high level of consumer protection. This article assesses the impacts of the Mortgage Credit Directive in Sweden and the United Kingdom. The focus is residential mortgage lending from a consumer protection perspective on the basis of the main areas of the directive; communications, advice, information, disclosure, responsible lending and repayment. The practical processes of mortgage lending and the ways these fields are regulated are significantly different in the two Member States; however, many similarities on a principle level can be found. The study is an example of how harmonisation is made within the eu and how two Member States with almost opposite starting points are able to harmonise law and still preserve the characteristics of their own solution.
Training Imams of France
Authors: Fedele Valentina
Published: December 2016

In the frame of European Islam, imams assume a fundamental socio-theological relevance. In a minority context, they have to face the main task of, on the one hand, preserving religion, on the other, adapting God’s message to daily life, filtering it between different universes of sense, elaborating new interpretations to legitimate diverse practices and habits. The increase of imams’ tasks and skills has raised the question of their training, in particular that provided in European Institutes. Using an approach conjugating an islamological analysis with some concepts of the phenomenological sociology, the article analyses the history and the training programs of the main institutes for imam in France, in order to highlight their main limits, opportunities and risks.
Homosexuality in the Shadow of War
Authors: Haibi Fayyad , Kittani Yaseen
Published: December 2016

This study deals with homosexuality in modern Arabic literature in the context of the civil war in Lebanon, as reflected in Hudā Barakāt’s novel Ḥaǧar al-ḍaḥk (The Laughter Stone). The study concludes that homosexual relations were a fundamental and direct result of the war and the twisted reality it engendered. This becomes clear in light of the three stages through which the figure of Ḫalīl the homosexual goes in the course of the novel: From absolute homosexuality, through uncertainty to transformation. The last of the three afore-mentioned stages highlights the totally masculine nature of war. The study also demonstrates that the fact that the author chose a homosexual figure as the novel’s protagonist to demonstrate her principled ideological opposition to war in any form.
Health literacy:
Authors: Joseph Rachel , Fernandes Samantha , Hyers Lauri , O'Brien Kerri
Published: December 2016

Our research aims to assess the health literacy of undergraduate college students. Past research on the health literacy of undergraduate students has revealed some gaps in the undergraduate health literacy. In this study, we employed the Newest Vital Sign Test to measure health literacy. We interviewed 235 undergraduate students from health majors (nursing and other health) and non-health majors. We hypothesised that due to the specificity of a health-related curriculum, nursing and other health-related majors would score higher in health literacy than non-health-related majors, and that nursing majors in particular would score higher than other health-related majors and non-health-related majors. We found support for our hypothesis, as nursing majors had a mean score of 3.57, while health and non-health majors had a mean score of 3.24 and 2.88 respectively when assessing their health literacy levels. We discuss our results with regard to the strategies for improving health literacy skills.
An assessment of library instruction:
Authors: Skofsrud Boger Torunn , Dybvik Hanne , Eng Anne-Lise Antoinette Sophie , Norheim Else Helene
Published: December 2016

This article presents the results of a follow-up study conducted at Østfold University College in 2015 which set out to examine information resource use among students of nursing and teacher education. The first study was presented in an article published in the Journal of Information Literacy Vol. 9 No. 1 (Boger et al. 2015). The two qualitative studies were carried out by interviewing the students about their skills in information retrieval, and observing them. The results show differences in search behaviour between first-year and third-year students, a decrease in the use of Google, and a difference between the students from the nursing faculty and the teacher education faculty.
A new genus and species of Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Iran
Authors: KAZEMI SHAHROOZ , BEAULIEU FRÉDÉRIC
Published: December 2016

A new monotypic mite genus of the family Laelapidae, Persicolaelaps gen. nov., is described to accommodate a new species, P. hallidayi sp. nov., on the basis of adult female specimens collected from decaying wood, soil and litter in northern Iran, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively. The new genus can be distinguished from other members of the family by a combination of morphological attributes, some of which are unique or rarely observed in laelapids, such as (1) a series of small subrectangular sclerites flanking dorsally coxae I and gnathosomal base and adjoining podal plates anterolaterally, which are extending from and fused with sternal shield between coxae I and II; (2) an epigynal shield, so broad as to reach or even overlap acetabula III–IV, posteriorly axe-shaped; (3) metasternal setae absent; (4) a typical anal shield, though capturing pair of opisthogastric setae JV3; (5) gnathotectum triangular and acuminate; (6) the presence of six setae on trochanter IV; (7) genu IV with two ventral setae (occasional in Laelapidae); (8) internal malae with a series of thick, elongate filaments.
Andraca yauichui sp. n., a new species endemic to mid elevation forests of Taiwan (Bombycidae sensu lato, Lepidoptera)
Authors: WU SHIPHER , CHANG WEI-CHUN
Published: December 2016

A new endemic, montane species of the genus Andraca, A. yauichui sp. nov., in Taiwan is described. It can be separated well from a lower montane, notable tea tree pest A. theae (Matsumura, 1909), based on morphological characters of adult, e.g. larger wingspan size, head vertex white rather than brown, valval apex truncate rather than bifurcate, and final instar larva, e.g. the presence of a pair of white spot on lateral part of each abdominal segment and a distinct short anal horn rather than the absence of two characters. The subgeneric placement of this new species in Andraca is also discussed.
Study on Tychini of Balkan Peninsula (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
Authors: SABELLA GIORGIO , ŠÍMA ADAM
Published: December 2016

Tychus albanicus sp. n. from southern Albania is described and illustrated, and placed in the Tychus monilicornis group. The following new records of Tychus species are given for Balkan Peninsula: Tychus corsicus spissatus Rey, 1888 for Croatia; Tychus cordiger Besuchet, 1969, Tychus monilicornis Reitter, 1880, and Tychus niger Paykull, 1800 for Montenegro, and Tychus caudatus Reitter, 1884 for Albany. Tychus sbordonii Meggiolaro, 1967 is trasferred from the Tychus dalmatinus group to the Tychus monilicornis group.
Subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa: a phase I clinical safety study
Authors: Oner Ayse , Gonen Z. Burcin , Sinim Neslihan , Cetin Mustafa , Ozkul Yusuf
Published: December 2016

Background

This prospective clinical case series aimed to investigate the safety of subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

This study included 11 patients with end-stage RP who received subretinal implantation of ADMSCs. All patients had a total visual field defect and five of them only had light perception. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study was 20/2000. All patients had undetectable electroretinography (ERG). The worst eye of the patient was operated on and, after total vitrectomy with a 23 gauge, ADMSCs were injected subretinally. Patients were evaluated at day 1, at weeks 1–4, and then once a month for 6 months, postoperatively. BCVA, anterior segment and fundus examination, color photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were carried out at each visit. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), perimetry, and ERG recordings were performed before treatment and at the end of month 6, and anytime if necessary during the follow-up.

Results

All 11 patients completed the 6-month follow-up. None of them had systemic complications. Five patients had no ocular complications. One of the patients experienced choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) at the implantation site and received an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug once. Five patients had epiretinal membrane around the transplantation area and at the periphery, and received a second vitrectomy and silicon oil injection. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and ERG recordings from baseline. Only one patient experienced an improvement in visual acuity (from 20/2000 to 20/200), visual field, and ERG. Three patients mentioned that the light and some colors were brighter than before and there was a slight improvement in BCVA. The remaining seven patients had no BCVA improvement (five of them only had light perception before surgery).

Conclusions

Stem cell treatment with subretinal implantation of ADMSCs seems to have some ocular complications and should be applied with caution. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the short-term safety of ADMSCs in humans, and clarifies the complications of the therapy which would be beneficial for future studies. To optimize the cell delivery technique and to evaluate the effects of this therapy on visual acuity and the quality of life of these patients, future studies with a larger number of cases will be necessary.
Democratic therapeutic community treatment for personality disorder: Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pearce Steve , Scott Lisle , Attwood Gillian , Saunders Kate , Dean Madeleine , De Ridder Ritz , Galea David , Konstantinidou Haroula , Crawford Mike
Published: December 2016

Background

Democratic therapeutic community (DTC) treatment has been used for many years in an effort to help people with personality disorder. High-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is absent.

Aims

To test whether DTC treatment reduces use of in-patient services and improves the mental health of people with personality disorder.

Method

An RCT of 70 people meeting DSM-IV criteria for personality disorder (trial registration: ISRCTN57363317). The intervention was DTC and the control condition was crisis planning plus treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome was days of in-patient psychiatric treatment. Secondary outcomes were social function, mental health status, self-harm and aggression, attendance at emergency departments and primary care, and satisfaction with care. All outcomes were measured at 12 and 24 months after randomisation.

Results

Number of in-patient days at follow-up was low among all participants and there was no difference between groups. At 24 months, self- and other directed aggression and satisfaction with care were significantly improved in the DTC compared with the TAU group.

Conclusions

DTC is more effective than TAU in improving outcomes in personality disorder. Further studies are required to confirm this conclusion.
Profile: Vanessa Cameron – 36 years at the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Authors: Poole Rob , Robinson Catherine A.
Published: December 2016

On 16 December 2016, Vanessa Cameron retires as Chief Executive of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. She started working there in September 1980 and in 1984 she became Secretary of the College, the role that preceded chief executive. The College was formed in 1971, so Vanessa has been present for most of its lifetime. It has been a period of continuous change that has seen psychiatry leave the old mental hospitals, expand considerably in the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, and come under huge pressure more recently. Although she has never worked within mental health services, Vanessa has been at the heart of British psychiatry for 36 years. She was awarded an MBE in the 2013 New Year's Honours list for services to psychiatry.
Fighting Back, Claiming Power
Authors: Jacquet Catherine O.
Published: December 2016

During the 1970s, feminist antirape activists articulated and employed a variety of strategies in response to sexual violence. While many activists sought state-based solutions such as law reform, there were significant currents within feminist organizing that rejected and fiercely contested any reliance on the state. Amongst these were feminist calls for physical resistance and extrajudicial retaliation in response to rape—methods that refuted the state's role as the sole arbiter in cases of rape, and rather claimed that role for women themselves. These critical yet often overlooked strategies offer a necessary and more comprehensive understanding of antirape activism at the time. In pursuing and suggesting such methods, feminists created politically meaningful narratives that sought to change how women thought about themselves and the power they had in their own lives.
“A Slave in Uncle Sam’s Service”: Labor and Resistance in the US Army, 1865–1890
Authors: McGrath A. Hope
Published: December 2016

Enlisted men were an essential source of labor in the nineteenth-century United States. Troops built infrastructure, surveyed and scouted territory, and provided services to private companies, especially railroads. They contributed in significant ways to the expansion of private investment and the extension of state power across the trans-Mississippi West. Yet soldiers have been largely absent from US labor history. This essay examines the American military labor regime and the resistance it engendered. It explores the unfree nature of military labor and its distinctiveness from “free labor” in the late nineteenth century. It also shows how soldiers challenged this labor regime. Through protest, petition, and desertion, they tried to set limits on their own exploitation. The story of these “enlisted laborers” highlights the significance of unfree military labor in the nineteenth century. It also suggests the need for more attention to the labor history of the military.
“Women Ask Relief for Puerto Ricans”: Territorial Citizenship, the Social Security Act, and Puerto Rican Communities, 1933–1939
Authors: Amador Emma
Published: December 2016

In the 1930s, social workers employed by New Deal agencies in Puerto Rico played central roles in advocating for the coverage of Puerto Rico under new federal social welfare provisions. These social workers fought for the island to be included under the Social Security Act of 1935 by building political coalitions to petition the US Congress for inclusion. Territorial law allowed the US Congress to determine on a case-by-case basis how to administer federal policies, including social welfare provisions, which they restricted based on popular colonial discourses that cast Puerto Ricans as racially inferior and that justified US imperialism. This essay explores how social workers organized and were successful in achieving the partial coverage of Puerto Rico under amendments made to the Social Security Act in 1939. However, these changes were slow, and while further coverage was expanded over the proceeding half century, the island still remains only partially included under federal policies that are still determined by the US Congress.
DWCox: A density-weighted Cox model for outlier-robust prediction of prostate cancer survival
Authors: Xiao Jinfeng , Wang Sheng , Shang Jingbo , Lin Henry , Xin Doris , Ren Xiang , Han Jiawei , Peng Jian
Published: December 2016

Reliable predictions on the risk and survival time of prostate cancer patients based on their clinical records can help guide their treatment and provide hints about the disease mechanism. The Cox regression is currently a commonly accepted approach for such tasks in clinical applications. More complex methods, like ensemble approaches, have the potential of reaching better prediction accuracy at the cost of increased training difficulty and worse result interpretability. Better performance on a specific data set may also be obtained by extensive manual exploration in the data space, but such developed models are subject to overfitting and usually not directly applicable to a different data set. We propose DWCox, a density-weighted Cox model that has improved robustness against outliers and thus can provide more accurate predictions of prostate cancer survival. DWCox assigns weights to the training data according to their local kernel density in the feature space, and incorporates those weights into the partial likelihood function. A linear regression is then used to predict the actual survival times from the predicted risks. In the 2015 Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge, DWCox obtained the best average ranking in prediction accuracy on the risk and survival time. The success of DWCox is remarkable given that it is one of the smallest and most interpretable models submitted to the challenge. In simulations, DWCox performed consistently better than a standard Cox model when the training data contained many sparsely distributed outliers. Although developed for prostate cancer patients, DWCox can be easily re-trained and applied to other survival analysis problems. DWCox is implemented in R and can be downloaded from https://github.com/JinfengXiao/DWCox.
Special Section Introduction—Online Community as Space for Knowledge Flows
Authors: Faraj Samer , von Krogh Georg , Monteiro Eric , Lakhani Karim R.
Published: December 2016

Online communities frequently create significant economic and relational value for community participants and beyond. It is widely accepted that the underlying source of such value is the collective flow of knowledge among community participants. We distinguish the conditions for flows of tacit and explicit knowledge in online communities and advance an unconventional theoretical conjecture: Online communities give rise to tacit knowledge flows between participants. The crucial condition for these flows is not the advent of novel, digital technology as often portrayed in the literature, but instead the technology’s domestication by humanity and the sociality it affords. This conjecture holds profound implications for theory and research in the study of management and organization, as well as their relation to information technology.
Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution in Consumption in the Presence of Inertia: Empirical Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Kapoor Mudit , Ravi Shamika
Published: December 2016

This paper estimates the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption (σ) by exploiting a natural experiment provided by a change in the Indian banking legislation. The new legislation authorized banks to offer higher interest rates on deposits to citizens above 60 years of age. We find evidence that households exhibit inertia in reoptimization and are sensitive to the timing of the actual change in the interest rate. Households do not respond to the predictable changes in future interest rates induced by the change in the legislation. We incorporate this and estimate the σ to be approximately equal to 2.2.

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Controllability and nonsingular solutions of Sylvester equations
Authors: Maarouf Hamid
Published: December 2016

The singularity problem of the solutions of some particular Sylvester equations is studied. As a consequence of this study, a good choice of a Sylvester equation which is associated to a linear continuous time system can be made such that its solution is nonsingular. This solution is then used to solve an eigenstructure assignment problem for this system. From a practical point view, this study can also be applied to automatic control when the system is subject to input constraints.
Myxofibrosarcoma of the extremity and trunk
Authors: Ghazala C. G. , Agni N. R. , Ragbir M. , Dildey P. , Lee D. , Rankin K. S. , Beckingsale T. B. , Gerrand C. H.
Published: December 2016

Aims

Myxofibrosarcomas (MFSs) are malignant soft-tissue sarcomas characteristically presenting as painless slowly growing masses in the extremities. Locally infiltrative growth means that the risk of local recurrence is high. We reviewed our experience to make recommendations about resection strategies and the role of the multidisciplinary team in the management of these tumours.

Patients and Methods

Patients with a primary or recurrent MFS who were treated surgically in our unit between 1997 and 2012 were included in the study. Clinical records and imaging were reviewed. A total of 50 patients with a median age of 68.4 years (interquartile range 61.6 to 81.8) were included. There were 35 men; 49 underwent surgery in our unit.

Results

The lower limb was the most common site (32/50, 64%). The mean size of the tumours was 8.95 cm (1.5 to 27.0); 26 (52%) were French Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer grade III. A total of 21 (43%) had positive margins after the initial excision; 11 underwent further excision. Histology showed microscopic spread of up to 29 mm beyond macroscopic tumour. Local recurrence occurred in seven patients (14%) at a mean of 21 months (3 to 33) and 15 (30%) developed metastases at a mean of 17 months (3 to 30) post-operatively.

Conclusion

High rates of positive margins and the need for further excision makes this tumour particularly suited to management by multidisciplinary surgical teams. Microscopic tumour can be present up to 29 mm from the macroscopic tumour in fascially-based tumours. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1682–8.
Errata
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: December 2016

P. T. Tengberg, N. B. Foss, H. Palm, T. Kallemose, A. Troelsen Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in patients with extracapsular fractures of the hip. Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:747–753.
Errata
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: December 2016

L. Spencer-Gardner, J. Pierrepont, M. Topham, J. Baré, S. McMahon, A. J. Shimmin Patient-specific instrumentation improves the accuracy of acetabular component placement in total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1342–1346.
Errata
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: December 2016

C.D. Watts, J.R. Martin, M. T. Houdek, M. P. Abdel, D. G.Lewallen, M. J. Taunton Prior bariatric surgery may decrease the rate of reoperation and revision following total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1180–1184.
Costs, quality of life and cost-effectiveness of arthroscopic and open repair for rotator cuff tears
Authors: Murphy J. , Gray A. , Cooper C. , Cooper D. , Ramsay C. , Carr A.
Published: December 2016

Aims

A trial-based comparison of the use of resources, costs and quality of life outcomes of arthroscopic and open surgical management for rotator cuff tears in the United Kingdom NHS was performed using data from the United Kingdom Rotator Cuff Study (UKUFF) randomised controlled trial.

Patients and Methods

Using data from 273 patients, healthcare-related use of resources, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated at 12 months and 24 months after surgery on an intention-to-treat basis with adjustment for covariates. Uncertainty about the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for arthroscopic versus open management at 24 months of follow-up was incorporated using bootstrapping. Multiple imputation methods were used to deal with missing data.

Results

There were no significant differences between the arthroscopic and open groups in terms of total mean use and cost of resources or QALYs at any time post-operatively. Open management dominated arthroscopic management in 59.8% of bootstrapped cost and effect differences. The probability that arthroscopic management was cost-effective compared with open management at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained was 20.9%.

Conclusion

There was no significant overall difference in the use or cost of resources or quality of life between arthroscopic and open management in the trial. There was uncertainty about which strategy was most cost-effective. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1648–55.
Fish stock estimation in Sikka Regency Waters, Indonesia using Single Beam Echosounder (CruzPro fish finder PcFF-80) with hydroacoustic survey method
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Anurogo Wenang
Published: December 2016

Sikka regency waters including fishery management with a high utilization status so that the necessary stages of an intensive monitoring and research potential of fish resources. This study aimed to obtain the estimated value of stock biomass and density of fish resources with the acoustic method. Quantitative data obtained will be a source of current information on the state of fish resources in the Sikka regency waters, Indonesia. The research was conducted in May 2015. Acoustic data retrieval, using instruments CruzPro fish finder PcFF-80 with sound velocity of 1516 m / s, power 2560 Watt, and method in survey acoustic use hydroacoustic long transect. The horizontal distribution shows a fluctuation striking at research location has the highest salinity levels in the range of 29.3-29.8 psu. Total biomass of fish in this study showed more the number is at a depth of 11-20 m that is 2,008 tons/km and at a depth of 1-10 m have the total fish biomass is 12.33 tons/km, single detection is done using a single target hydroacoustic show more dominance at a depth of 11-20 m in Sikka regency waters, MTB, Indonesia in May 2015. Number of data from results obtained by looking at the relationship between the number of the data with the total biomass in 1-10 m depth has equation Y = 0.0967x + 0.0486 with R2 is 0.0464 (4%) , while at a depth of 11-20 m has a regression equation is Y = 0.0003x + 0041 with the R2 is 0.0091 (0.9%). Variations in the data or the detection of single targets have variations over the data that is at a depth of 11-20 m with the lowest regression is 0.9%.Keywords:   Hydroacoustic, Salinity, Biomass, Stock estimation, Sikka regency waters.
Social Outcomes and Acceptability of Two Peer-Mediated Interventions for High School Students With Severe Disabilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Asmus Jennifer M. , Carter Erik W. , Moss Colleen K. , Born Tiffany L. , Vincent Lori B. , Lloyd Blair P. , Chung Yun-Ching
Published: December 2016

Adolescents with severe disabilities often have few opportunities to learn alongside and connect socially with peers without disabilities at their high school. In this pilot study, nine high school students with severe disabilities were randomly assigned to three conditions: peer support arrangements, peer network intervention, or a comparison condition involving “business-as-usual” paraprofessional support. School staff served as intervention facilitators and researchers coached and monitored fidelity. Increased classroom interactions were observed for students in the peer support condition and enhanced social contacts and friendships were found for students in both peer support and peer network conditions. Students, peers, and educators perceived both peer-mediated interventions as highly acceptable and feasible. Drawing upon these exploratory findings, we offer recommendations for research and practice focused on fostering strong social connections within high schools.
Social Inclusion: A Proposed Framework to Inform Policy and Service Outcomes Evaluation
Authors: Cobigo Virginie , Brown Roy , Lachapelle Yves , Lysaght Rosemary , Martin Lynn , Ouellette-Kuntz Hélène , Stuart Heather , Fulford Casey
Published: December 2016

Social inclusion is recognized as a fundamental right in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (2006). Inclusion is also an explicit goal for community-based services in many countries. However, existing definitions of social inclusion are insufficient to support the development of policies and services, and the evaluation of their success in promoting social inclusion. Furthermore, existing definitions and measures tend to overlook the perspective of persons with disabilities and their significant others. Using a consensus building strategy, we developed a framework of social inclusion, which included the perspective of adults with intellectual disability. The proposed framework supports the development and evaluation of social inclusion policies and service outcomes.
IOGURTE COM POLPA E FARINHA DA CASCA DO ABACAXI
Authors: Neres João Pedro Granjeiro , Souza Rosane Liege Alves de , Bezerra Camila Freitas
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar e caracterizar físico-quimicamente e sensorialmente um iogurte adicionado da farinha da casca de abacaxi. Foram elaboradas as formulações A (com adição de 1,5% de farinha) e B (sem adição de farinha – controle). As formulações ainda foram comparadas a uma amostra C (iogurte comercial desnatado adicionado de aveia). A farinha da casca de abacaxi mostrou-se dentro da legislação para parâmetros importantes na conservação de farinhas vegetais. As maiores diferenças apresentadas por sua adição foram percebidas na análise sensorial. Apesar disso, o escore para o atributo sabor aproximou-se de “gostei moderadamente”, justificando o índice de aceitabilidade maior que 70%. As notas atribuídas podem ser devido ao baixo consumo de produtos com ingredientes de alegação funcional, como mostrou os dados de frequência de consumo. Diante dos resultados obtidos, o iogurte de abacaxi com adição da farinha de sua casca torna-se opção viável para aqueles que buscam dieta saudável, promovendo assim alternativa de expansão de produtos lácteos com alegações funcionais no mercado.
A possibilidade de apresentação de propostas de emendas constitucionais por iniciativa popular: a democracia, a cidadania e a soberania popular
Authors: Schneider Maxime Dal Molin , Cristóvam José Sérgio Da Silva
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem como área de exame o Direito Constitucional, sendo que sua linha de pesquisa se dedica à discussão do instituto da iniciativa popular constitucional. Sob essa perspectiva, direciona-se ao posicionamento, predominantemente doutrinário, acerca da possibilidade do povo de flagrar o processo legislativo de reforma constitucional, apresentando ao Congresso Nacional propostas de emendas à Constituição Federal. O ordenamento jurídico constitucional tem como prisma a observância dos princípios fundamentais da democracia (art. 1o, caput), da cidadania (art. 1o, inciso II) e da soberania popular (art. 1o, parágrafo único, e art. 14), os quais devem irradiar-se para todo o sistema jurídico. Partindo-se dessa ideia, analisaremos a iniciativa popular como mecanismo apto a sustentar a validade do exercício dos direitos políticos no âmbito do processo legislativo constitucional, já que, fazendo-se uma interpretação sistemática da Constituição, podemos afirmar se os cidadãos são a propor emendas à Constituição. Veremos também, que durante a Constituinte, houve uma supressão legislativa no processo de elaboração da CRFB/88, em que o instituto foi retirado do Projeto inicial e restou olvidado durante anos, mas que com o amadurecimento da sociedade deve novamente integrar o texto constitucional como forma de efetivação da democracia, da cidadania e da soberania da vontade popular.