bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cinétique d’infestation par les tiques des bovins de la région subhumide de Constantine en Algérie
Authors: Benchikh Elfegoun Mohamed Chérif , Kohil Karima , Gharbi Mohamed , Afoutni Larbi , Benachour Mohamed Lamine
Published: May 2019

Une étude a été menée de mai 2008 à avril 2009 pour déterminer une fois par mois dans deux élevages de la région de Constantine (étage subhumide de l’Algérie), situés respectivement à 500 et 1000 mètres d’altitude, l’évolution de l’infestation des bovins par les tiques. Sur quarante bovins suivis (20 par élevage), 2031 tiques ont été récoltées sur les différentes régions anatomiques (périnée, mamelle, scrotum, oreilles, entre autres). Sept espèces de tiques réparties en quatre genres ont été identifiées : Rhipicephalus bursa (48,5 %), tiques du groupe R. sanguineus (26,6 %), Hyalomma marginatum (11 %), Haemaphysalis punctata (5,7%), Hy. lusitanicum (3,9 %), Hy. scupense (2,7 %) et Ixodes ricinus (1,5 %). La prédominance de R. bursa, d’une part, et l’absence de H. scupense à 1000 m d’altitude, d’autre part, ont été notées. Par ailleurs, l’influence de l’altitude et de l’âge a été étudiée, et la localisation des tiques sur les animaux a été enregistrée. L’étude de la dynamique saisonnière d’infestation a montré que la lutte antivectorielle, en cas de fortes infestations, devrait être principalement appliquée durant la période chaude (de mai à août), correspondant au pic d’abondance de R. bursa et de H. scupense, principales espèces responsables de la transmission des piroplasmoses chez les bovins, dont les babésioses et la theilériose tropicale.
Patricia Espajo Megías. Hacia una reformulación de la violencia de género laboral
Authors: Gómez García Francisco Xabiere
Published: May 2019

Este artículo reseña: Patricia Espajo Megías. Hacia una reformulación de la violencia de género laboral. Madrid: Wolters Kluwer/La Ley, 2018, 232 p.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra Leaves Against Selected Microorganisms
Authors: Hawaz Weldu  , Abel Mehari  , Lia Alem
Published: May 2019

Many traditional practitioners in developing countries use the herbaceous plant to treat a different type of microbial infection. Eritrea is one of the developing countries where most of their communities are dependent on herbal medicines for the treatment of infectious disease. However, this malpractice follows incorrect dosage, administration, formulation, frequency and other non-scientific methods with the inevitable negative effect of the practice which makes it inconvenient for the clients who seek treatment. Therefore the current study was carried out to get a scientific evidence of antimicrobial activity of two selected important herbal plants. Active part from leaves of Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra were extracted by continuous hot extraction (Soxhlet technique), and different concentrations were obtained by ethanol, N-hexane, aqueous and DMSO solvents. Microorganisms (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus from bacterial strains and Candida Albicans from fungal strain) were selected for testing antimicrobial activity of the plants. Then the extracted solutions were diffused to selected standard organisms inoculated in Muller Hinton Agar using well diffusion technique. Ethanol extracts of S. Alba of 2500mg/ml dissolved in DMSO concentration against E. coli have shown a significant activity with inhibition zones of 30mm. This plant in the same concentration also had a considerable effect against S. aureus and C. Albcaians with a prompting result of 28mm and 25mm zones of inhibition respectively which is greater than the positive control. Moreover, this plant showed almost an equal activity at 1000mg and 250mg which are 20mm and 13mm respectively for  C. Albicans, 26mm and 23mm for S. aureus and for E. coli 25mm and17mm. N-hexane extracts of the same plant also showed a remarkable activity at concentrations of 1000mg, 250mg and 50mg, where the zones of inhibition against S. aureus were 18mm, 20mm and 25mm respectively. Ethanol-extract of this plant diluted in ethanol also showed activity at the lowest concentration. Generally, both plants extracted using N-hexane and Ethanol extracts gave a remarkable activity against all the selected micro-organisms.
Comparative Analysis of Piperine in Wild Plant and Callus of Piper longum by HPLC Method
Authors: Sifat Siddique
Published: May 2019

Piperine is chief bio-molecular active compound of Piper longum, exhibited various pharmacological activities.  In addition it improves the bioavailability of other nutritive substances. The aim of the study was to induce callus from Piper longum, and compared the quantification of piperine in callus and wild grown Piper longum. The callus were produced by transferring the sterile leaves on MS medium containing different concentration of cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 1.0 mg/l KN (kinetin) with auxins like 0.5 - 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Piper longum plant and callus were prepared. The content of piperine in plant extract and callus extract were performed by HPLC. The phytochemical study uncovered the nearness of different secondary metabolites in various extract of plant. The HPLC chromatogram displayed that content of piperine present in callus extract was higher compared to field grown plants.
Modeling Dislocation Contrasts Obtained by Accurate-Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Characterizing Deformation Mechanisms in Bulk Materials
Authors: Kriaa Hana , Guitton Antoine , Maloufi Nabila
Published: May 2019

Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (ECCI) is becoming a powerful tool in Materials Science for characterizing deformation defects. Dislocations observed by ECCI in Scanning Electron Microscope, exhibit several features depending on the crystal orientation relative to the incident beam (white/black line on a dark/bright background). In order to bring new insights concerning these contrasts, we report an original theoretical approach based on the dynamical diffraction theory. Our calculations led, for the first time, to an explicit formulation of the backscattered intensity as a function of various physical and practical parameters governing the experiment. Intensity profiles are modeled for dislocations parallel to the sample surface for different channeling conditions. All theoretical predictions are consistent with experimental results.
Moving Surface Boundary Layer Control Analysis and the Influence of the Magnus Effect on an Aerofoil with a Leading-Edge Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Salam Md. Abdus , Ebna Hai Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood , Ali M. A. Taher , Bhadra Debanan , Khan Nafiz Ahmed
Published: May 2019

A number of experimental and numerical studies point out that incorporating a rotating cylinder can superiorly enhance the aerofoil performance, especially for higher velocity ratios. Yet, there have been less or no studies exploring the effects of lower velocity ratio at a higher Reynolds number. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Moving Surface Boundary-layer Control (MSBC) at lower velocity ratios (i.e. cylinder tangential velocity to free stream velocity) and higher Reynolds number on a symmetric aerofoil (e.g. NACA 0021) and an asymmetric aerofoil (e.g. NACA 23018). In particular, the aerodynamic performance with and without rotating cylinder at the leading edge of the NACA 0021 and NACA 23018 aerofoil was studied on the wind tunnel installed at Aerodynamics Laboratory. The aerofoil section was tested in the low subsonic wind tunnel, and the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient were studied for different angles of attack. The experiments were conducted for two Reynolds numbers: 200000 and 250000 corresponding to two free stream velocities: 20 m/s and 25 m/s, respectively, for six different angle of attacks (-5°, 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°). This study demonstrates that the incorporation of a leading edge rotating cylinder results in an increase of lift coefficient at lower angle of attacks (maximum around 33%) and delay in stall angle (from 10° to 15°) relative to the aerofoil without rotating cylinder.
Generation and Nonlinear Frequency Conversion of Nanosecond Cylindrical Vector Beams in Two-Mode Fiber
Authors: Zhang Wending , Zhang Lu , Li Xin , Lu Fanfan , Meng Chao , Liu Min , Yang Dexing , Mei Ting
Published: May 2019

We present the generation and nonlinear frequency conversion of nanosecond cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) in two-mode fiber (TMF). Based on the polarized dependence vector mode coupling characteristic and the precise wavelength tunability of an acoustically-induced fiber grating (AIFG), the nanosecond cylindrical vector beams (CVBs, 1064 nm, 10 ns) is directly generated in a TMF with convenient switching characteristics between the radial and azimuthal vector beams. Furthermore, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is produced based on the transmission of the nanosecond CVBs in the 100-meters long TMF, and the spatial intensity and polarization distributions characteristics the 1st-order Stokes shifted component is consistent with the nanosecond CVBs pump pulse. This work provides a method for achieving wavelength conversion of the CVBs in optical fiber.
Use of GeneXpert and the Role of an Expert Panel in Improving Clinical Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Abong Jovilia , Dalay Victoria , Langley Ivor , Tomeny Ewan , Marcelo Danaida , Mendoza Victor , Garfin Anna Marie Celina , Squire S. Bertel , Yu Charles
Published: May 2019

Setting A high proportion of notified tuberculosis cases in the Philippines are clinically diagnosed (63%) as opposed to bacteriologically confirmed. Better understanding of this phenomenon is required to improve tuberculosis control. Objectives To determine the percentage of Smear Negative Presumptive Tuberculosis patients that would be diagnosed by GeneXpert; compare clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed as tuberculosis cases; and review the impact that the current single government physician and a reconstituted Tuberculosis Diagnostic committee (Expert Panel) may have on tuberculosis over-diagnosis. Design This is a cross-sectional study of 152 patients 15-85 years old with two negative Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy results, with abnormal chest X-ray who underwent GeneXpert testing and review by an Expert Panel. Results 31% (48/152) of the sample were Xpert positive. 93% (97/104) of GeneXpert negatives were clinically diagnosed by a Single Physician. Typical symptoms and X-ray findings were higher in bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. When compared to GeneXpert results, the Expert panel’s sensitivity for active tuberculosis was high (97.5%, 39/40) but specificity was low (40.2%, 35/87). Conclusion Using the GeneXpert would increase the level of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis substantially among presumptive Tuberculosis. An Expert panel will greatly reduce over-diagnosis usually seen when a decision is made by a Single Physician.
Identification of the Differential Effect of City-level on the Gini Coefficient of Healthcare Service Delivery in Online Health Community
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Chen Jingjing , Wang Jying-Nan , Chiu Ya-Ling , Qiu Hang , Wang Li-Ya
Published: May 2019

Inequality of health service for different specialty categories not only occurs in different areas inequality of health service for different specialty categories in the world, but also happens in the online service platform. In the online health community (OHC), health service was often of inequality for different specialty categories, including both online views and medical consultation for offline registered service. Moreover, how the factor city-level impacts the inequality of health service in OHC is still unknown.   We designed a causal inference study with data on distributions of serviced patients and online views in over 100 distinct specialty categories on one largest OHC in China. To derive the causal effect of the city-levels (two levels inducing 1 and 0) on the Gini coefficient, we matched the focus cases in cities of rich healthcare resources with the potential control cities. For the Gini coefficient of serviced patients in over 100 specialty categories, the average treatment effect of level-1 cities is 0.470, which is 0.029 higher than that of the matched group. Similarly, for the Gini coefficient of online views, the average treatment effect of Level-1 cities is 0.573, which is 0.016 higher than that of the matched group. For each of the specialty categories, we also estimated the average treatment effect the specialty category’s Gini coefficient ( ) with the balanced covariates. The results support the argument that the total Gini coefficient of all the doctors in OHC shows that the inequality of health service is still very serious. This study contributes to the development of the theoretically grounded understanding of the causal effect of city-level on the inequality of health service in an online to offline healthcare service setting.
Staff, Symbol, and Melody Detection of Medieval Manuscripts Written in Square Notation Using Deep Fully Convolutional Networks
Authors: Wick Christoph , Hartelt Alexander , Puppe Frank
Published: May 2019

Even today, the automatic digitisation of scanned documents in general but especially the automatic optical music recognition (OMR) of historical manuscripts still remain an enormous challenge, since both handwritten musical symbols and text have to be identified. This paper focuses on the Medieval so-called square notation developed in the 11th-12th century, which is already composed of staff lines, staves, clefs, accidentals, and neumes, that are roughly spoken connected single notes. The aim is to develop an algorithm that captures both the neume and pitch, that is melody information that can be used to reconstruct the original writing. Our pipeline is similar to the standard OMR approach and comprises a novel staff line and symbol detection algorithm, based on deep Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN), which perform pixel-based predictions for either staff lines or symbols and their respective types. Then, the staff line detection combines the extracted lines to staves and yields an F1-score of over 99% for both detecting lines and complete staves. For the music symbol detection we choose a novel approach that skips the step to identify neumes and instead directly predicts note components (NCs) and their respective affiliation to a neume. Furthermore, the algorithm detects clefs and accidentals. Our algorithm recognises these symbols with an F1-score of over 96% if the type is ignored and predicts the true symbol sequence of a staff with a diplomatic symbol accuracy rate (dSAR) of about 87%. If only the NCs without their respective connection to a neume, all clefs, and accidentals are of interest the algorithm reaches an harmonic symbol accuracy rate (hSAR) of approximately 90%.
A Multiscale Modelling Approach for Estimating the Effect of Defects in Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Antin Kim-Niklas , Laukkanen Anssi , Andersson Tom , Smyl Danny , Vilaça Pedro
Published: May 2019

A multiscale modelling approach was developed in order to estimate the effect of defects on the strength of unidirectional carbon fiber composites. The work encompasses a micromechanics approach, where the known reinforcement and matrix properties are experimentally verified and a 3D finite element model is meshed directly from micrographs. Boundary conditions for loading the micromechanical model are derived from macroscale finite element simulations of the component in question. Using a microscale model based on the actual microstructure, material parameters and load case allows realistic estimation of the effect of a defect. The modelling approach was tested with a unidirectional carbon fiber composite beam, from which the micromechanical model was created and experimentally validated. The effect of porosity was simulated using a resin-rich area in the microstructure and the results were compared to experimental work on samples containing pores.
A Combined Field and Remote-Sensing Based Methodology to Assess the Ecosystem Service Potential of Urban Rivers in Developing Countries
Authors: Beißler Manuel R. , Hack Jochen
Published: May 2019

Natural rivers in urban areas bear significant potential to provide ecosystem services for the surrounding inhabitants. However, surface sealing by houses and street networks, urban drainage, disposal of waste and wastewater resulting from advancing urbanization usually lead to the deterioration of urban rivers and their riparian areas. This ultimately damages their ability to provide ecosystem services. This paper presents an innovative methodology for a rapid and low-cost assessment of the ecological status of urban rivers and riparian areas in developing countries under data scarce conditions. The methodology uses a combination of field data and freely available high-resolution satellite images to assess three ecological status categories: river hydromorphology, water quality, and riparian land cover. The focus here is on the assessment of proxies for biophysical structures and processes representing ecological functioning that enable urban rivers and riparian areas to provide ecosystem services. These proxies represent a combination of remote sensing land cover- and field-based indicators. Finally, the three ecological status categories are combined to quantify the potential of different river sections to provide regulating ecosystem services. The development and application of the methodology is demonstrated and visualized for each 100 m section of the Pochote River in the City of León, Nicaragua. This spatially distributed information of the ecosystem service potential of individual sections of the urban river and riparian areas can serve as important information for decision making regarding the protection, future use, and city development of these areas, as well as the targeted and tailor-made development of nature-based solutions such as green infrastructure.
The Cost of Chronic Wounds in Argentina: An Estimation of the Burden in a Public Hospital
Authors: Chavez-Jara Romina , Cerusico Nicolas , Lazarte Maria , Cabrera Carla , Herrera Bruno Andrea , Sesto Cabral Eugenia , Ramos Alberto Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Background: Chronic lower limb ulcers (CLLU) have an important burden to the individual and the healthcare system.  However, there is a lack of information about the cost of CLLU in Argentina.Objective: To determinate the number and cost of consultation and hospitalization associated to CLLU in a public hospital in Argentina. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Cost estimation were calculated based on days of stay, treatments and laboratory tests in a inpatient population and the number of consultations, treatments and laboratory tests, in a outpatient population. Results: In 2013 and 2014, the overall number of consultation with ICD-10 codes was 7,224 and the number of inpatient was 359. The mean age for male and female outpatient consultations was 59.53(±13.06) years and 59.04(±10.93), respectively. For CLLU male and female inpatient, the mean age was 63.9(±10.4) years and 54.5(±8.6) years, respectively. The length of stay was 22.88 days. There was a mean of 0.41 surgeries per patient where 25% were amputations. The mean annual cost in a single public hospital was US$4,053.65 per inpatient and US$3,589.24 per outpatient. Conclusion: Cost information allows new public health policies to reduce socioeconomic burden due to CLLU.
Clinical Potential of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Takakura Kazuki , Kawamura Atsushi , Torisu Yuichi , Koido Shigeo , Yahagi Naohisa , Saruta Masayuki
Published: May 2019

Although there is a several array of diagnostic and therapeutic choices for pancreatic cancer in recent years, a crucial medical approach for the refractory disease is still needed. Oligonucleotide therapeutics, such as those based on antisense RNAs, RNA interference, aptamers and decoys, are promising agents against pancreatic cancer because they identify a specific nucleotide sequence or protein and interfere with gene expression as molecular-targeted agents. Within just the past quarter-century, the diversity and feasibility of these drugs as diagnostic or therapeutic tools have dramatically increased. Actually, there have been several clinical and preclinical studies of oligonucleotides for patients with pancreatic cancer so far. To support the discovery of effective diagnostic or therapeutic options by using oligonucleotide-based strategies in the absence of satisfactory therapies for long-term survival and the rising trend of diseases, we summarize the current clinical trials of oligonucleotide therapeutics for pancreatic cancer patients with underlying preclinical or scientific data and focus on the possibility of oligonucleotides to target pancreatic cancer in clinical implications.
Evaluasi Paket Teknologi Produksi Benih TSS Bawang Merah Varietas Bima Brebes di Dataran Tinggi (Evaluation of the Packages TSS Seed Production Technology of Bima Brebes Varieties in the Highland)
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Hilman Yusdar , Sulastrini Ineu , Yufdy Muhammad Prama , Sinaga Rismawita , Hidayat Iteu M M
Published: May 2019

Penggunaan biji botani bawang merah atau true seed of shallot (TSS) diyakini dapat memecahkan kendala ketersediaan benih bawang merah di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan paket teknologi produksi benih TSS yang menghasilkan pembungaan dan produksi biji yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian teknologi produksi TSS dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Lembang dengan ketinggian tempat 1.250 m dpl. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak berpasangan dengan dua perlakuan paket teknologi dan diulang lima kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A (aplikasi pukan kuda 10 ton/ha dan ayam 5 ton/ha, SP-36 250 kg/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha aplikasi 10 kali (seminggu sekali), aplikasi BAP dan  boron) menghasilkan pembungaan dan produksi biji/TSS yang lebih tinggi daripada paket B (pukan kuda 20 ton/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha dengan dua kali aplikasi, dan aplikasi GA3). Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi teknologi produksi TSS yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini sangat layak untuk memproduksi benih TSS yang bermutu tinggi.

Keywords

Biji botani bawang merah; BAP; Boron; GA3; Pemupukan

Abstract

The use of true seed of shallots (TSS) is believed to solve the constraints of the availability of shallot seeds in Indonesia. The research objective was to compare the two packages TSS seed production technology that produces higher flowering and seed production. Research on TSS production technology was carried out at Margahayu Experimental Garden, Lembang with an altitude of 1,250 m above sea level. Research used a paired plot design with two treatments of technology package and five replicates. The results showed that treatment A (horse manure 10 ton/ha + chicken manure 5 ton/ha + SP-36 250 kg/ha + NPK 600 kg/ha application 10 times + BAP 37,5 ppm + boron 3 kg/ha) produce better flowering and seed production/higher TSS than package B (horse manure at a rate of 20 ton/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha with two times application and the use of GA3). The implication of this research showed the TSS production technology innovation that is being developed today is very feasible to produce high quality TSS in support shallot seed.
HOSENG trial – Effect of the provision of oral self-testing for absent and refusing individuals during a door-to-door HIV testing campaign on testing coverage: protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial in rural Lesotho
Authors: Amstutz Alain , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Khesa Lefu , Muhairwe Josephine , Nsakala Bienvenu Lengo , Tlali Katleho , Bresser Moniek , Vanobberghen Fiona , Kopo Mathebe , Kao Mpho , Klimkait Thomas , Battegay Manuel , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Glass Tracy Renée
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND
HIV testing coverage remains below the targeted 90% despite efforts and resources invested. Home-based HIV testing is a key approach endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially to reach individuals who might not seek testing otherwise. Although acceptance of test-ing during such campaigns is high, coverage remains low due to absent household members. This cluster-randomized trial aims to assess increase in testing coverage using oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) among individuals who are absent or decline testing during home-based HIV testing.

METHODS
The HOSENG (HOme-based SElf-testiNG) trial is a cluster-randomized, parallel group, superiority trial in two districts of Lesotho, Southern Africa. Clusters are stratified by district, village size, and village access to the nearest health facility. Cluster eligibility criteria include: village is in catchment area of one of the study facilities, village authority provides consent, and village has a registered, capable and consenting village health worker (VHW). In intervention clusters, HIV self-tests are provided for eligible household members who are absent or decline HIV testing in presence of the campaign team. In control clusters, standard of care for absent and refusing individuals applies, i.e. referral to health facility. The primary outcome is HIV testing coverage among individuals 12 years and older within 120 days after enrolment. Secondary objectives include HIV testing coverage among other age groups, and uptake of the different testing modalities. Statistical analyses will be conducted and reported in line with CONSORT guidelines. HOSENG trial is linked to VIBRA (Village-Based Refill of ART) trial. Together, they constitute the GET ON (GETting tOwards Ninety) research project.

DISCUSSION
The HOSENG trial tests if oral HIVST may be an add-on during door-to-door testing campaigns towards achieving optimal testing coverage. The provision of oral self-test kits, followed up by VHWs, requires little additional human resources, finances and logistics. If cost-effective, this approach will inform home-based HIV testing policies not only in Lesotho, but in similar high-prevalence settings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03598686) on July 25, 2018. More information under www.getonproject.wordpress.com.
Optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough suppression: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhang Dongsheng , Tian Shunping , Yang Yang , Xing Zhi , Ma Rongrong , Zhou Tianqi , Bao Tianxiu , Sun Jianhong , Zhang Zhuan
Published: May 2019

Background: To investigate the optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) suppression.
Methods: Patients of 180 undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2, ASA I or II, were equally randomized into four groups (n = 45) to receive intravenous pretreatment of dexmedetomidine with 0 (group 1), 0.3 (group 2), 0.6 (group 3) and 0.9 (group 4) mcg/kg over 10 mins, respectively. After the pretreatment, all patients were given a 5-s intravenous injection of fentanyl 4 mcg/kg. The symptoms of irritating cough including the severity and onset time were recorded for 1 min after fentanyl injection. General anesthesia induction was completed with midazolam, propofol and cisatracurium, then endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask was inserted and connected to an anesthesia machine. MAP, HR and SpO2 at the beginning of pretreatment (T0), 3 min (T1), 6 min (T2), 9 min (T3) and 12 min (T4) after the beginning of pretreatment were recorded. Side effects of dexmedetomidine, such as bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, and respiratory depression were also recorded during the course.
Results: Totally 168 patients completed the study. The incidences of cough were 52.4%, 42.9%, 11.9%, and 14.3% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05) and between groups 3 and 4 (P > 0.05). The incidence and severity of cough in groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Compared to T0, HR at T2 (P < 0.05), T3 (P < 0.01), and T4 (P < 0.01) decreased significantly and MAP at T4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in group 4. Bradycardia occurred in 1 case and respiratory depression occurred in 1 case in group 4. Compared to group 1, the onset time of cough in the other 3 groups were delayed significantly (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreated dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg/kg blous intravenous infusion over 10 mins could reduce FIC effectively without side effects.
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), improve offspring fitness by avoiding oviposition substrates with competitors or parasites
Authors: Baleba Steve B. S. , Torto Baldwyn , Masiga Daniel , Getahun Merid N. , Weldon Christopher W.
Published: May 2019

Background

Oviposition site selection by gravid female insects is an important determinant in species distribution, abundance, and population dynamics. Females may assess the suitability of a potential oviposition substrate by using cues from conspecific or heterospecific individuals already present. Here, we assessed whether the presence of conspecific, heterospecific larvae and parasites influenced oviposition decisions by the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linneaus).

Methods and Results

Using dual and multiple-choice oviposition bioassays, we found that gravid female S. calcitrans avoided substrates with conspecific larvae, the larvae of house flies, Musca domestica (Linneaus), and the mite Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli). Avoidance of conspecific and heterospecific larvae persisted in the dark, suggesting that this behaviour is mediated by olfactory cues. When we reared S. calcitrans in the presence of conspecific larvae and the larvae of house flies at different densities we found that this negatively affected emergence time, larval weight, larval survival, pupal weight, pupal survival, and adult weight. We also demonstrated that individuals of S. calcitrans developed in the presence of mites exhibited low egg hatchability, and poor larval and adult survival.

Conclusion

Our study provides additional support for the “preference-performance” hypothesis in S. calcitrans, with gravid females preferring to lay eggs on a substrate that will enhance offspring fitness. We recommend that the olfactory cues involved in avoidance by gravid female S. calcitrans of substrates with conspecific and heterospecific larvae should be elucidated. This could lead to the discovery of repellent chemicals important for S. calcitrans management.
Long-term outcome of scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in ocular trauma patients
Authors: Zhao Han , Wang Wanpeng , Hu Zhengping , chen baihua
Published: May 2019

Background

To investigate the long-term outcomes and complications of scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in patients with a history of ocular trauma during primary pars plana vitrectomy or silicone oil removal.

Methods

Records of patients who underwent implantation of SFIOL during primary pars plana vitrectomy or silicone oil removal.

Results

Sixty-nine eyes of 69 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up period was 34 months (range, 6-99 months). The average patient age at the time of surgery was 44 years old (range, 4-80 years). At the end of follow-up, the preoperative mean of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.79 ± 0.86 log of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which improved 0.20 ± 0.26 logMAR postoperatively (P = 0.01). BCVA improved or remained unchanged in 64 eyes (92.8%), VA decreased two lines in five eyes (7.2%). Early postoperative complications included transient corneal edema in seven eyes (10.1%), minor vitreous hemorrhage in four eyes (6.6%), transient elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye (1.4%), and hypotony in three eyes (4.3%). Late postoperative complications included persistent elevated IOP in five eyes (7.2%), epiretinal membrane formation in three eyes (4.3%), and cystoid macular edema noted in one eye (1.4%).

Conclusion

Use of a scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in ocular trauma patients during either primary pars plana vitrectomy or second silicone oil removal is a valuable approach for the management of traumatic aphakia in the absence of capsular support.
Malnutrition is Common in Cerebral Palsy Children in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Clinical Observational Study
Authors: Almajwal Ali , Almuneef Abdul Rahman , Alam Iftikhar , Abulmeaty Mahmoud , Bader Bader Al , Badr Mohamed Farouq , Almuammar May , Razak Suhail
Published: May 2019

Background: Cerebral palsy is the main cause of severe physical impairment and malnutrition in children. This cross-sectional study intended to survey the nutritional status of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: We examined 74 children (age: 1-10 yrs) with cerebral palsy, who attended Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City (SBAHC), Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Data on age, general demographics, nutritional status and dietary intake were collected. A child was considered underweight, wasted, stunted or thin if the standard deviation scores for his/her weight for age, weight for height, height for age and body mass index for age was ≤ -2.0 SD using WHO growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression identified the factors associated with nutritional indicators.
Results: More than half (56.4%) of the children with cerebral palsy were malnourished as they had z-score below <-2 SD in at least one of the four indicators. Thinness (50%) was the most common form of malnutrition, followed by underweight, stunting and wasting. Arm anthropometrics gave similar results on the percent number of malnourished children. Factors that were independently associated with malnutrition with an adjusted OR (aOR) were as follow: age ≤ 5 yrs (aOR: 4.29); presence of cognitive impairment (aOR: 4.13); presence of anemia (aOR: 3.41) and inadequate energy intake (aOR: 4.86) (p, for all trends <0.05).
Conclusion: Cerebral palsy children of the current study have impaired growth and nutritional status as assessed by all four common nutritional status indicators. Further large-scale community-based studies for in-depth evolution of nutritional status and growth patterns in cerebral palsy children are needed.
Protótipo para análise da qualidade de gasolina tipo C comum utilizando sensores de gás tipo semicondutor
Authors: Cavalcanti Luiz Antonio Pimentel
Published: May 2019

O controle da qualidade de combustíveis é um elemento de notável importância para o desenvolvimento econômico e ambiental de um país. Realizar esta análise de forma rápida e eficiente é um anseio crescente da sociedade, e acarreta a necessidade do desenvolvimento de tecnologias que possibilitem essa melhoria. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de sensores semicondutores em detectar adulteração da gasolina tipo C comum. Desenvolveu-se um protótipo compostos de uma câmara de gás onde foram fixados sensores da família MQ's (MQ2, MQ3, MQ4, MQ6, MQ7 e MQ9) e dois sensores DHT11 para medição de temperatura e umidade. O protótipo foi interligado a uma plataforma de microcontrolador Arduino e foram formuladas adulterações em amostras de gasolina tipo C comum nas proporções de 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% e 50% (m/m) de etanol anidro em base gravimétrica. As curvas de resposta dos sensores semicondutores demonstraram que o desempenho do protótipo foi satisfatório em identificar qualitativamente a adulteração do combustível.
Gestão integrada da Barragem Algodões II, Município de Curimatá, Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Miranda Lorrane de Castro , Silva Kássia Hellem Tavares da , Pereira Luana de Castro , Rocha Israel Lobato
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou fazer a caracterização da Barragem Algodões II, localizada no Município de Curimatá, Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, dando ênfase aos municípios que compõe a Bacia do Rio Curimatá, na qual ela se insere. A área de estudos compreende três municípios nos quais a Barragem de Algodões II possui área de abrangência, considerando principalmente o Município de Curimatá. O levantamento dos dados foi feito através de informações disponíveis no Sistema de Acompanhamento de Reservatórios (SAR), o Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Recursos Hídricos (SNIRH), coordenados pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Utilizaram-se ferramentas do Google Earth e Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) Quantum GIS, quer para a caracterização da barragem, quer para a elaboração uma sequência histórica de imagens de satélites para mostrar as alterações que ocorreram na região da barragem, bem como as ocasionadas pela instalação do reservatório. Concluída em 2005, por meio de parceria do governo do estado com a Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Estado do Piauí (COMDEPI), a barragem está na unidade de gestão Parnaíba 03, com 52.297 km2, que compreende toda a área de drenagem do Rio Gurgueia. Nesta região, há predominância de áreas agrícolas, tornado as águas vulneráveis à ocorrência de contaminação por defensivos agrícolas. Neste caso, podem ser necessário o monitoramento e intervenções nessas ocorrências. A região passa por grandes períodos de estiagem, tornado o reservatório essencial para o abastecimento dos municípios circunvizinhos.
Sustentabilidade de povoamentos de Acacia mearnsii De Wild. em diferentes idades: uma revisão da ciclagem de nutrientes
Authors: Momolli Dione Richer , Schumacher Mauro Valdir
Published: May 2019

A compreensão da ciclagem de nutrientes é uma importante ferramenta que auxilia nas atividades silviculturais, como é o caso da fertilização. Uma maneira direta de se avaliar a ciclagem de nutrientes é através de simulações de produção de biomassa e nutrientes e por meio do cálculo da eficiência de utilização biológica (EUB). Outra forma de avaliar se dá por meio da serapilheira produzida, que permite quantificar os estoques de nutrientes que serão decompostos com o passar do tempo, servindo como fonte nutricional de liberação lenta à presente e às futuras rotações. Diante disso, a proposta do trabalho é reunir estudos voltados à ciclagem de nutrientes em povoamentos de Acacia mearnsii De Wild. em diferentes idades.
Grafen Tabanlı Nanoakışkanların Araç Radyatörü Soğutma Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Deneysel Analizi
Authors: Kılınç Ferhat , Buyruk Ertan , Karabulut Koray
Published: May 2019

Bu deneysel çalışmada, araç radyatörüne ait soğutma performansı saf su, grafen oksit (GO)-saf su ve grafen nano ribon (GNR) -saf su nanoakışkanları kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Deneyler 3 farklı akışkan giriş sıcaklığı (36, 40 ve 44 oC) ve 4 farklı debi (0.6, 0.7, 0.8 ve 0.9 m3 h-1) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel veriler kullanılarak nanoakışkanlara ait toplam ısı transferi katsayısı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Araç radyatörü dikdörtgen kesitli bir kanal ile sabit hızda hava kullanılarak soğutulmuştur. Soğutma performansındaki artış, elde edilen deneysel verilere göre saf su ve nanoakışkanlar için toplam ısı transfer katsayıları karşılaştırılarak belirlenmiştir. U değerlerindeki en yüksek ortalama artış oranlarının %0.01 GO-saf su, %0.02 GO-saf su ve %0.01 GNR-saf su nanoakışkanları için sırasıyla %6.9, %32 ve için %18.9 oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Comparison of Survival Outcomes of Lymphovascular Space Invasion-Negative and Lymphovascular Space Invasion - Positive Women with Stage IIIC Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer: A Case - Control Study
Authors: Cuylan Zeliha Firat , Meydanli Mehmet Mutlu , Öz Murat , Turan Ahmet Taner , Akbayir Ozgur , Dede Murat , Ayhan Ali
Published: May 2019

Objective: The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the effect of lymphovascular space invasion on recurrence patterns and survival in patients with stage IIIC endometrioid type endometrial cancer.Study Design: A multicenter, retrospective, department database review was performed to identify lymphovascular space invasion-negative and lymphovascular space invasion-positive stage IIIC endometrioid endometrial cancer at five gynecological oncology centers in Turkey. Demographic, clinicopathological and survival data were collected. Cases and controls were matched in terms of age at diagnosis, grade of tumor, depth of myometrial invasion, sub-stage and adjuvant treatment.Results: Forty-one patients in the case group and 82 patients in the control group were eligible for the study. The 5-year OS rates were 94.4% in the lymphovascular space invasion-negative group and 77.2% in the LVSI-positive group (p=0.058). Advanced age (58 years) (HR 3.73; 95% CI: 1.19-11.69, p=0.02), grade 3 tumor (HR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.002-6.62, p=0.048) and cervical involvement (HR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.03-6.67, p= 0.04) appeared to be as independent predictors of decreased overall survival (OS). There was a trend towards statistical significance between the presence of lymphovascular space invasion and OS in regression analysis (HR 3.10; 95% CI 0.90-10.67, p=0.05). Recurrence rates were 17.0% (7/41) and 24.4% (20/82) in lymphovascular space invasion-negative and lymphovascular space invasion-positive groups, respectively (p=0.48). There were 5 cases of retroperitoneal recurrences in the lymphovascular space invasion-positive group and no retroperitoneal recurrence among lymphovascular space invasion-negative women.Conclusion: Lymphovascular space invasion status seems to be of borderline significance for OS in stage IIIC endometrioid endometrial cancer and impacts recurrence patterns as retroperitoneal recurrences are strongly related to positive lymphovascular space invasion status.
Novel Hybrids of Pyrazolidinedione and Benzothiazole as TZD Analogues. Rationale Design, Synthesis and In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Evaluation
Authors: Haroun Michelyne
Published: May 2019

Background:

The development of new classes of blood glucose–lowering medications
has increased the number of treatment opportunities available for type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless,
long term complicated treatments and side effects of available antidiabetic therapies have urged
huge demands for effective affordable anti-diabetic agents that can lessen negative health consequences.
In this sense, the exploration of alternative medicinal remedies associated with new significant
antidiabetic efficiencies with minimized adverse effects is an active domain of research.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids
and evaluate their antidiabetic activity along with molecular docking and in silico analysis.

Methods:

The hybrids were synthesized by a multi-step synthesis and were further subjected for in
vivo anti-hyperglycemic assessment on rat models of type II diabetes. Molecular modelling study
was undertaken against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to highlight possible
key interactions.

Results:

Docking studies revealed that appropriate substituents on benzothiazole ring interacted
favorably with the hydrophobic Ω-pocket of PPARγ binding site resulting in improving their antihyperglycemic
activity. All the synthesized hybrids manifested promising anti-hyperglycemic potency.
Excitingly, 5a, 5b and 5c were even more potent than the standard drug.

Conclusion:

The newly synthesized hybrids can be considered as a new class of antidiabetic
agents and this study provided useful information on further optimization.
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) as a Cause of Hospitalization at a Government Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Alayed Nouf , Alkhalifah Bushra , Alharbi Munirah , Alwohaibi Naief , Farooqui Maryam
Published: May 2019

Background:

ADRs represent a substantial burden on health care resources worldwide and are
considered as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality which significantly affects hospitalization
rates. However, ADR related hospital admissions are not well explored in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:

The current study aims to evaluate ADR-related admissions at King Saud Hospital, Unaizah,
Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Method:

A prospective, observational study was conducted at King Saud Hospital Unaizah. Over a period
of 6 months, patients above 12 years of age who visited the Emergency Department (ED) with an ADR
were included in this study. The investigators collected patient data by reviewing the patient's medical records
and the ED records for admission. The Naranjo algorithm was used to assess the causality of the suspected
ADR, and Hartwig’s Severity Assessment Scale was used to assess the severity of the ADR.

Results:

Out of 4739 admissions to the wards, 38 (0.801%) were related to an ADR. The majority of patients
were male (52.6%), with a mean age of ± 49.08 years. The total length of hospital stay was 565 days
with a mean of ± 14.87 days. The causality assessment shows that 35 (92.1%) cases were probable ADRs,
whereas 3 (7.9%) cases were possible ADRs. Moreover, the severity assessment showed that 6 (15.1%)
cases were mild, and 27 (71.1%) and 5 (13.2%) cases were moderate and severe, respectively. In regard to
the outcome of patients, most patients recovered after the ADR, and 2 ADRs resulted in the death of the patient.

Conclusion:

Our study shows that ADRs as a cause of hospitalization in Qassim population is considerably
low. However, ADRs may contribute to morbidity and mortality and result in a considerable financial burden.
Корреляция оптических и магнитных свойств кристаллов Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Степанов Н.П. , Гильфанов А.К. , Трубицына Е.Н.
Published: May 2019

During the study of Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 crystals, their magnetic and optical properties were studied depending on the ratios of the components of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 in the composition of the solid solution and temperature. The results obtained allow us to state that a sharp decrease in the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility at T = 293 K is observed in those samples in which, according to optical studies, electron-plasmon interaction is intensified, which is caused by the convergence of plasmon energies and interband transitions that form the fundamental absorption edge.
Исследование фазовых переходов и критических свойств модели Гейзенберга на объемно-центрированной кубической решетке
Authors: Муртазаев А.К. , Рамазанов М.К. , Курбанова Д.Р. , Магомедов М.А. , Бадиев М.К. , Мазагаева М.К.
Published: May 2019

The phase transitions and critical phenomena of the three-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a body-centered cubic lattice with next and next-nearest neighbor interactions are studied using the replica Monte Carlo algorithm. Investigations are carried out for relations of exchange interaction values of next and next-nearest neighbors in the range of k values [0.0, 0.6]. A behavior of phase transitions is analyzed by the histogram method. A whole set of main static critical exponents is estimated within the finite-size scaling theory. The universality class of the model critical behavior is shown to be unchanged in the considered interval of k value.
Влияние числа Рейнольдса на распределение кинетической энергии турбулентных пульсаций по сечению плоского канала
Authors: Чесноков Ю.Г.
Published: May 2019

AbstractNumerical simulation data for 2D channel flow obtained by different authors have been used to study the influence of the Reynolds number on the distribution of pulsation kinetic energy over a flat channel’s cross section.
Поверхностные нанопузыри с закрепленными границами
Authors: Кошоридзе С.И.
Published: May 2019

The work is dedicated to the theoretical study of the formation and stability of surface charged nanobubbles with fixed boundaries in contact with the substrate (contact line pinning). On the basis of thermodynamic analysis it is shown that at some dimensions of nanobubbles the Gibbs energy of the system passes through the minimum, which indicates the existence of equilibrium stable nanobubbles.