bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide levels in neonates: what are safe parameters?
Authors: Wong Sie Kei , Chim M. , Allen J. , Butler A. , Tyrrell J. , Hurley T. , McGovern M. , Omer M. , Lagan N. , Meehan J. , Cummins E. P. , Molloy E. J.
Published: July 2021

There is no consensus on the optimal pCO2 levels in the newborn. We reviewed the effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia and existing carbon dioxide thresholds in neonates. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and MOOSE guidelines. Two hundred and ninety-nine studies were screened and 37 studies included. Covidence online software was employed to streamline relevant articles. Hypocapnia was associated with predominantly neurological side effects while hypercapnia was linked with neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal outcomes and Retinpathy of prematurity (ROP). Permissive hypercapnia did not decrease periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), ROP, hydrocephalus or air leaks. As safe pCO2 ranges were not explicitly concluded in the studies chosen, it was indirectly extrapolated with reference to pCO2 levels that were found to increase the risk of neonatal disease. Although PaCO2 ranges were reported from 2.6 to 8.7 kPa (19.5–64.3 mmHg) in both term and preterm infants, there are little data on the safety of these ranges. For permissive hypercapnia, parameters described for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; PaCO2 6.0–7.3 kPa: 45.0–54.8 mmHg) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH; PaCO2 ≤ 8.7 kPa: ≤65.3 mmHg) were identified. Contradictory findings on the effectiveness of permissive hypercapnia highlight the need for further data on appropriate CO2 parameters and correlation with outcomes.

Impact

There is no consensus on the optimal pCO2 levels in the newborn.

There is no consensus on the effectiveness of permissive hypercapnia in neonates.

A safe range of pCO2 of 5–7 kPa was inferred following systematic review.
Cerebral small vessel disease burden and longitudinal cognitive decline from age 73 to 82: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Hamilton O. K. L. , Cox S. R. , Okely J. A. , Conte F. , Ballerini L. , Bastin M. E. , Corley J. , Taylor A. M. , Page D. , Gow A. J. , Muñoz Maniega S. , Redmond P. , Valdés-Hernández M. del C. , Wardlaw J. M. , Deary I. J.
Published: July 2021

Slowed processing speed is considered a hallmark feature of cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD); however, it is unclear whether SVD’s association with slowed processing might be due to its association with overall declining general cognitive ability. We quantified the total MRI-visible SVD burden of 540 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (age: 72.6 ± 0.7 years; 47% female). Using latent growth curve modelling, we tested associations between total SVD burden at mean age 73 and changes in general cognitive ability, processing speed, verbal memory and visuospatial ability, measured at age 73, 76, 79 and 82. Covariates included age, sex, vascular risk and childhood cognitive ability. In the fully adjusted models, greater SVD burden was associated with greater declines in general cognitive ability (standardised β: −0.201; 95% CI: [−0.36, −0.04]; pFDR = 0.022) and processing speed (−0.222; [−0.40, −0.04]; pFDR = 0.022). SVD burden accounted for between 4 and 5% of variance in declines of general cognitive ability and processing speed. After accounting for the covariance between tests of processing speed and general cognitive ability, only SVD’s association with greater decline in general cognitive ability remained significant, prior to FDR correction (−0.222; [−0.39, −0.06];p = 0.008; pFDR = 0.085). Our findings do not support the notion that SVD has a specific association with declining processing speed, independent of decline in general cognitive ability (which captures the variance shared across domains of cognitive ability). The association between SVD burden and declining general cognitive ability supports the notion of SVD as a diffuse, whole-brain disease and suggests that trials monitoring SVD-related cognitive changes should consider domain-specific changes in the context of overall, general cognitive decline.
3-hydroxyanthranic acid increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib by decreasing tumor cell stemness
Authors: Gan Guifang , Shi Zhaopeng , Liu Dan , Zhang Shaoyi , Zhu Hui , Wang Yugang , Mi Jun
Published: July 2021

Sorafenib is the FDA-approved first-line target drug for HCC patients. However, sorafenib only confers 3–5 months of survival benefit with <30% of HCC patients. Thus, it is necessary to develop a sensitizer for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to sorafenib. Here, we report that in representative HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721 and PLC8024) that are insensitive to sorafenib, 3-HAA (50 μM) significantly enhances cell sensitivity to sorafenib to an extent that could not be explained by additive effects. In nude mice carrying HCC xenograft, tumor growth is inhibited by sorafenib (10 mg/kg/day) or 3-HAA (100 mg/kg/day) alone. When used in combination, the treatment effectively prevents the xenograft from growing. In a set of mechanistic experiments, we find enhanced AKT activation and increased proportion of CD44+CD133+ cells in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and tissues. The proportion of CD44+CD133+ cells is reduced upon 3-HAA treatment in both cultured cells and mouse xenografts, suggesting that 3-HAA could decrease the stemness of HCC. We also detect decreased phosphorylation of AKT, a regulator of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling upon 3-HAA treatment. The AKT activator SC79 activates GSK3 β/β-catenin signaling while the Wnt inhibitor XAV-939 abolishes 3-HAA inhibition of HCC growth in vitro and in mice. The current study demonstrates that 3-HAA sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib by reducing tumor stemness, suggesting it is a promising molecule for HCC therapy.
Joint disease-specificity at the regulatory base-pair level
Authors: Muthuirulan Pushpanathan , Zhao Dewei , Young Mariel , Richard Daniel , Liu Zun , Emami Alireza , Portilla Gabriela , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Cao Jiaxue , Maridas David , Sedlak Mary , Menghini Danilo , Cheng Liangliang , Li Lu , Ding Xinjia , Ding Yan , Rosen Vicki , Kiapour Ata M. , Capellini Terence D.
Published: July 2021

Given the pleiotropic nature of coding sequences and that many loci exhibit multiple disease associations, it is within non-coding sequence that disease-specificity likely exists. Here, we focus on joint disorders, finding among replicated loci, thatGDF5exhibits over twenty distinct associations, and we identify causal variants for two of its strongest associations, hip dysplasia and knee osteoarthritis. By mapping regulatory regions in joint chondrocytes, we pinpoint two variants (rs4911178; rs6060369), on the same risk haplotype, which reside in anatomical site-specific enhancers. We show that both variants have clinical relevance, impacting disease by altering morphology. By modeling each variant in humanized mice, we observe joint-specific response, correlating withGDF5expression. Thus, we uncouple separate regulatory variants on a common risk haplotype that cause joint-specific disease. By broadening our perspective, we finally find that patterns of modularity atGDF5are also found at over three-quarters of loci with multiple GWAS disease associations.
An automatic multi-tissue human fetal brain segmentation benchmark using the Fetal Tissue Annotation Dataset
Authors: Payette Kelly , de Dumast Priscille , Kebiri Hamza , Ezhov Ivan , Paetzold Johannes C. , Shit Suprosanna , Iqbal Asim , Khan Romesa , Kottke Raimund , Grehten Patrice , Ji Hui , Lanczi Levente , Nagy Marianna , Beresova Monika , Nguyen Thi Dao , Natalucci Giancarlo , Karayannis Theofanis , Menze Bjoern , Bach Cuadra Meritxell , Jakab Andras
Published: July 2021

It is critical to quantitatively analyse the developing human fetal brain in order to fully understand neurodevelopment in both normal fetuses and those with congenital disorders. To facilitate this analysis, automatic multi-tissue fetal brain segmentation algorithms are needed, which in turn requires open datasets of segmented fetal brains. Here we introduce a publicly available dataset of 50 manually segmented pathological and non-pathological fetal magnetic resonance brain volume reconstructions across a range of gestational ages (20 to 33 weeks) into 7 different tissue categories (external cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, deep grey matter, brainstem/spinal cord). In addition, we quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of several automatic multi-tissue segmentation algorithms of the developing human fetal brain. Four research groups participated, submitting a total of 10 algorithms, demonstrating the benefits the dataset for the development of automatic algorithms.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
Authors: Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Nel André , Szwedo Jacek , Jordan-Stasiło Wiktoria , Krzemiński Wiesław
Published: July 2021

Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.
Radiocapitellar joint pressures following transradial amputation increase during elbow motion
Authors: Jo Young-Hoon , Lee Bong-Gun , Lee Chang-Hun , Lee Kwang-Hyun , Kim Dong-Hong , Kim Doo-Sup , Kim Sung Jae
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to compare the contact area, mean pressure, and peak pressure of the radiocapitellar joint (RCJ) in the upper limb after transradial amputation with those of the normal upper limb during elbow flexion and forearm rotation. Testing was performed using ten fresh-frozen upper limbs, and the transradial amputation was performed 5 cm proximal to the radial styloid process. The specimens were connected to a custom-designed apparatus for testing. A pressure sensor was inserted into the RCJ. The biomechanical indices of the RCJ were measured during elbow flexion and forearm rotation in all specimens. There was no significant difference in the contact area between the normal and transradial amputated upper limbs. However, in the upper limbs after transradial amputation, the mean pressure was higher than that in the normal upper limbs at all positions of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. The peak pressure was significantly higher in the upper limbs after transradial amputation than in the normal upper limbs, and was especially increased during pronation at 45° of elbow flexion. In conclusion, these results could cause cartilage erosion in the RCJ of transradial amputees. Thus, methods to reduce the pressure of the RCJ should be considered when a myoelectric prosthesis is developed.
Changing readiness to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 steered long-term epidemic and social trajectories
Authors: Wirtz Kai
Published: July 2021

Societal responses crucially shape the course of a pandemic, but are difficult to predict. Mitigation measures such as social distancing are here assumed to minimize a utility function that consists of two conflicting sub-targets, the disease related mortality and the multifaceted consequences of mitigation. The relative weight of the two sub-targets defines the mitigation readiness H, which entails the political, social, and psychological aspects of decision making. The dynamics of social and behavioral mitigation thus follows an adaptive rule, which in turn is mediated by a non-adaptive dynamics of H. This framework for social dynamics is integrated into an epidemiological model and applied to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unperturbed simulations accurately reproduce diverse epidemic and mitigation trajectories from 2020 to 2021, reported from 11 European countries, Iran, and 8 US states. High regional variability in the severity and duration of the spring lockdown and in peak mortality rates of the first SARS-CoV-2 wave can be explained by differences in the reconstructed readiness H. A ubiquitous temporal decrease of H has greatly intensified second and third waves and slowed down their decay. The unprecedented skill of the model suggests that the combination of an adaptive and a non-adaptive rule may constitute a more fundamental mode in social dynamics. Its implementation in an epidemic context can produce realistic long-term scenarios relevant for strategic planning, such as on the feasibility of a zero-infection target or on the evolutionary arms race between mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and social responses.
Cellular basis of omentum activation and expansion revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing using a parabiosis model
Authors: Ishigaki Kazuhiko , Kumano Keiki , Fujita Kyohei , Ueno Hiroo
Published: July 2021

Although the physiological function of the omentum remains elusive, it has been proposed that it plays an important role in fat storage, immune regulation, and regeneration of injured tissues and organs. Although the omentum undergoes expansion upon activation, reports on the accurate assessment of increased cell types and the origin of the increased cells remain limited. To investigate this aspect, the omenta of parabiotic mice were subjected to activation using distinct fluorescent markers and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to identify circulation-derived omental cells. We found that a considerable number of circulating cells contributed to the activation of the omentum. The omental cells derived from circulating cells exhibited morphological features similar to those of fibroblasts. scRNA-seq revealed the existence of a novel cell population that co-expressed macrophage and fibroblast markers in the activated omentum, suggesting that it corresponded to circulating macrophage-derived fibroblast-like cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that most fibroblasts in the activated omentum were not derived from WT1-positive mesenchymal progenitors. The cell cluster also expressed various chemokine genes, indicating its role in the activation and recruitment of immune cells. These results provide important information regarding the activation of the omentum.
Gut microbiota signature of pathogen-dependent dysbiosis in viral gastroenteritis
Authors: Mizutani Taketoshi , Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Ishizaka Aya , Afum Theophillus , Mensah Gloria Ivy , Asante-Poku Adwoa , Asandem Diana Asema , Parbie Prince Kofi , Abana Christopher Zaab-Yen , Kushitor Dennis , Bonney Evelyn Yayra , Adachi Motoi , Hori Hiroki , Ishikawa Koichi , Matano Tetsuro , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Opare David , Arhin Doris , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Ampofo William Kwabena , Yeboah-Manu Dorothy , Koram Kwadwo Ansah , Anang Abraham Kwabena , Kiyono Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Acute gastroenteritis associated with diarrhea is considered a serious disease in Africa and South Asia. In this study, we examined the trends in the causative pathogens of diarrhea and the corresponding gut microbiota in Ghana using microbiome analysis performed on diarrheic stools via 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 80 patients with diarrhea and 34 healthy adults as controls, from 2017 to 2018, were enrolled in the study. Among the patients with diarrhea, 39 were norovirus-positive and 18 were rotavirus-positive. The analysis of species richness (Chao1) was lower in patients with diarrhea than that in controls. Beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several diarrhea-related pathogens (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Campylobacter) were detected in patients with diarrhea. Furthermore, co-infection with these pathogens and enteroviruses (e.g., norovirus and rotavirus) was observed in several cases. Levels of both Erysipelotrichaceae and Staphylococcaceae family markedly differed between norovirus-positive and -negative diarrheic stools, and the 10 predicted metabolic pathways, including the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, showed significant differences between rotavirus-positive patients with diarrhea and controls. This comparative study of diarrheal pathogens in Ghana revealed specific trends in the gut microbiota signature associated with diarrhea and that pathogen-dependent dysbiosis occurred in viral gastroenteritis.
A split protease-E. coli ClpXP system quantifies protein–protein interactions in Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Wang Shengchen , Zhang Faying , Mei Meng , Wang Ting , Yun Yueli , Yang Shihui , Zhang Guimin , Yi Li
Published: July 2021

Characterizing protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is an effective method to help explore protein function. Here, through integrating a newly identified split human Rhinovirus 3 C (HRV 3 C) protease, super-folder GFP (sfGFP), and ClpXP-SsrA protein degradation machinery, we developed a fluorescence-assisted single-cell methodology (split protease-E. coli ClpXP (SPEC)) to explore protein–protein interactions for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species in E. coli cells. We firstly identified a highly efficient split HRV 3 C protease with high re-assembly ability and then incorporated it into the SPEC method. The SPEC method could convert the cellular protein-protein interaction to quantitative fluorescence signals through a split HRV 3 C protease-mediated proteolytic reaction with high efficiency and broad temperature adaptability. Using SPEC method, we explored the interactions among effectors of representative type I-E and I-F CRISPR/Cas complexes, which combining with subsequent studies of Cas3 mutations conferred further understanding of the functions and structures of CRISPR/Cas complexes.
Selective degradation-inducing probes for studying cereblon (CRBN) biology
Authors: Powell Chelsea E. , Du Guangyan , Bushman Jonathan W. , He Zhixiang , Zhang Tinghu , Fischer Eric S. , Gray Nathanael S.
Published: July 2021

Thorough compound characterization by combination western and proteomic analysis identified ZXH-4-130 and ZXH-4-137 as potent and selective small molecule degraders of cereblon (CRBN).
Truncated S-MGBs: towards a parasite-specific and low aggregation chemotype
Authors: Brooke Daniel P. , McGee Leah M. C. , Giordani Federica , Cross Jasmine M. , Khalaf Abedawn I. , Irving Craig , Gillingwater Kirsten , Shaw Craig D. , Carter Katharine C. , Barrett Michael P. , Suckling Colin J. , Scott Fraser J.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the design and synthesis of Strathclyde minor groove binders (S-MGBs) that have been truncated by the removal of a pyrrole ring in order to mimic the structure of the natural product, disgocidine.
A fluidized electrocatalysis approach for ammonia synthesis using oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Li Wenyi , Ye Yixing , Zhang Shengbo , Liang Changhao , Zhang Haimin
Published: July 2021

We report a fluidized electrocatalysis system, using an aqueous ultrafine Co3O4 nanoparticle catalyst for the efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction.
Advances in regioselective functionalization of 9-phenanthrenols
Authors: Wang Dongwei , Qi Jianhua , Wang Qifeng
Published: July 2021

Various approaches are discussed for regioselective functionalization and transformation of 9-phenanthrenol and its ether derivatives, which are readily available from phenanthrene in coal tar.
Correction: Coordination-driven assembly of actinide-organic polyrotaxanes involving crown ether macrocycles
Authors: Wang Jing-yang , Wu Qun-yan , Wang Shuai , Huang Zhi-wei , Hu Kong-qiu , Yu Ji-pan , Mei Lei , Zhang Meng , Chai Zhi-fang , Shi Wei-qun
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘Coordination-driven assembly of actinide-organic polyrotaxanes involving crown ether macrocycles’ by Jing-yang Wang et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1QO00536G.
The role of β-hairpin conformation in ester hydrolysis peptide catalysts based on a TrpZip scaffold
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Waters Riley , Gilbert Hannah E. , Barroso Gage T. , Boyle Kelsey M. , Witus Leah S.
Published: July 2021

Peptide catalysts based on TrpZip scaffolds for the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenylacetate in aqueous media were found to have higher catalytic activity in sequences without β-hairpin character.
Chain conformation of polymers adsorbed to clay particles: effects of charge and concentration
Authors: Nakatani Alan I. , Mohler Carol E. , Hughes Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Schematic structure of PEO chains (red) adsorbed to a clay particle (blue) with increasing polymer concentration from (a) to (e).
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets
Authors: Demangeon O. D. S. , Dalal S. , Hébrard G. , Nsamba B. , Kiefer F. , Camacho J. D. , Sahlmann J. , Arnold L. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Boisse I. , Bouchy F. , Bourrier V. , Campante T. , Delfosse X. , Deleuil M. , Díaz R. F. , Faria J. , Forveille T. , Hara N. , Heidari N. , Hobson M. J. , Lopez T. , Moutou C. , Rey J. , Santerne A. , Sousa S. , Santos N. C. , Strøm P. A. , Tsantaki M. , Udry S.
Published: July 2021

Context.Due to their low transit probability, the long-period planets are, as a population, only partially probed by transit surveys. Radial velocity surveys thus have a key role to play, in particular for giant planets. Cold Jupiters induce a typical radial velocity semi-amplitude of 10 m s−1, which is well within the reach of multiple instruments that have now been in operation for more than a decade.

Aims.We take advantage of the ongoing radial velocity survey with the SOPHIEhigh-resolution spectrograph, which continues the search started by its predecessor ELODIEto further characterize the cold Jupiter population.

Methods.Analyzing the radial velocity data from six bright solar-like stars taken over a period of up to 15 yr, we attempt the detection and confirmation of Keplerian signals.

Results.We announce the discovery of six planets, one per system, with minimum masses in the range 4.8–8.3Mjupand orbital periods between 200 days and 10 yr. The data do not provide enough evidence to support the presence of additional planets in any of these systems. The analysis of stellar activity indicators confirms the planetary nature of the detected signals.

Conclusions.These six planets belong to the cold and massive Jupiter population, and four of them populate its eccentric tail. In this respect, HD 80869 b stands out as having one of the most eccentric orbits, with an eccentricity of 0.862−0.018+0.028. These planets can thus help to better constrain the migration and evolution processes at play in the gas giant population. Furthermore, recent works presenting the correlation between small planets and cold Jupiters indicate that these systems are good candidates to search for small inner planets.
Polarised emission from aligned dust grains in nearby galaxies: Predictions from the Auriga simulations
Authors: Vandenbroucke B. , Baes M. , Camps P. , Kapoor A. U. , Barrientos D. , Bernard J.-P.
Published: July 2021

Context. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains contains information about the alignment of these dust grains and traces the structure of the interstellar magnetic field.

Methods. We post-processed a set of Milky-Way-like galaxies from the Auriga project, assuming a dust mix consisting of spheroidal dust grains that are partially aligned with the model magnetic field. We constrained our dust model using Planck 353 GHz observations of the Milky Way. This model was then extrapolated to shorter wavelengths that cover the peak of interstellar dust emission and to observations of arbitrarily oriented nearby Milky-Way-like galaxies.

Results. Assuming an intrinsic linear polarisation fraction that does not vary significantly with wavelength for wavelengths longer than 50 micron, we predict a linear polarisation fraction with a maximum of 10 − 15% and a median value of ≈7% for face-on galaxies and ≈3% for edge-on galaxies. The polarisation fraction anti-correlates with the line of sight density and with the angular dispersion function which expresses the large-scale order of the magnetic field perpendicular to the line of sight. The maximum linear polarisation fraction agrees well with the intrinsic properties of the dust model. The true magnetic field orientation can be traced along low density lines of sight when it is coherent along the line of sight. These results also hold for nearby galaxies, where a coherent magnetic field structure is recovered over a range of different broad bands.

Conclusions. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains accurately traces the large-scale structure of the galactic magnetic field in Milky-Way-like galaxies, with expected maximum linear polarisation fractions of 10 − 15%. To resolve this maximum, a spatial resolution of at least 1 kpc is required.
Need for application of remote sensing technologies for development of agro-industrial complex
Authors: Denisova Elena , Silova Victoria
Published: July 2021

Agricultural production has influence on all areas of social activity. In the modern context of agro-industrial complex development, ensuring the economic security of the country directly depends on availability and suitability of the land, the degree of developed land. Land is a source of food, profits, economic independence of each region, the state of which depends on continuous monitoring and application of advanced technologies. The purpose of the work is to determine quantitative and qualitative state of arable land in the Volgograd region, the level of spread of degradation processes based on digital and remote sensing technologies, as well as the creation of graphic documentation necessary for making economic forecasts and plans. Availability and use of arable land in 33 municipal districts of the Volgograd region are unequal. The largest number of arable land is 5,4 % in Pallasovsky district, the smallest one is 1,3 % in Sredneakhtubinsky district. The differentiation of the region into five natural-agricultural and three land-assessment areas is caused by the necessity to register soil fertility during agricultural use of arable land, both in irrigated arable land and non-irrigated. According to the statistical records the irrigated arable land is used only in the amount of 20 %. 88 % of the region’s territory is subject to degradation processes. The land with the cadastral number 34:21:040003:67and an area of 137,2 hectares is characterized by a high degree of territory blurring, degradation of soil cover, which led to the loss of humus and removal to the upper layers of the soil of salt marshes. Remote sensing techniques allow obtaining reliable information and making social and economic forecasts in large areas in a short period of time.
Urbanization and development of vertical agriculture in Russia
Authors: Kurcheeva Galina , Klochkov George , Aletdinova Anna
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses new technologies for the production of high-quality agricultural products, which are environmentally friendly and the production of which is now associating not only to rural areas. According to the authors, the concept of a digital city is now widening; it includes new trends, when agricultural production extends its boundaries, including vertical agriculture and farming urbanization.
The question of estimating the efficiency of investment costs in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Gusev A.Yu.
Published: July 2021

The assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the sectors of the national economy and, first of all, in agriculture, in most countries of the world is very relevant for all participants in the investment process. The key point of effectiveness is the payback periods of investments. The shorter they are, all other things being equal, the higher the efficiency of investment costs is. In a market economy, changes in the value of banknotes are constantly occurring over time, therefore, in the current conditions, it is advisable to assess the cost and effectiveness of investment costs, considering the time period (time lag). This method will allow to adjust the assessment and cost of financial investments in an investment project, considering the time factor. Agricultural development priorities should be focused on technical and technological modernization and innovation. One of the key directions for the development of the investment process in the country is the renewal of the material and technical base of the agricultural sector.
Modern aspects of the development of financial inclusion in rural areas of the Russian Federation
Authors: Podgorskaya Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The article considers financial inclusion as the most important means of achieving sustainable comprehensive economic growth. It is established that in the new model of sustainable development of rural areas, the financial involvement of households and small and medium-sized businesses is of particular importance. However, in Russia, among all segments of the population, the most excluded category from financial and economic interaction is precisely rural residents. The main reasons for this situation are digital inequality in the form of low availability of digital communications (Internet and mobile communications) for the rural population, the low level of digital and financial competencies of the villagers, and the low level of income of rural households. Despite the government’s policy to increase the financial accessibility of banking services and eliminate digital inequality, in regulatory and policy documents, references to rural areas are either indirect or absent. Today, there is a boom in the digitalization of financial services; the level of development of information technologies allows you to create more convenient, efficient and mobile products that do not require visits to bank branches and face-to-face consultations. At the same time, such digitalization can become a threat to the development of financial inclusion in rural areas. In this regard, are needed special programs to improve the financial and digital literacy of the rural population, as well as a system of accessible consulting support on lending issues.
Determinants of regional agroindustry and spillovers between Siberian local markets
Authors: Krasnova Tatyana , Khan Shahid Nawaz , Pozdnyakov Alexander , Vilgelm Alexander
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between spatial distribution of economic activity and local markets of primary sector in panel of Siberian regions over the period 2005-2018, using measure of localization that is Theil index considering two hierarchical levels. Section 2 describes the data and method using geospatial toolset that we have proposed, discusses the construction model for study spatial concentration spillovers between local markets. In Section 3 we study how the processes of urbanization and growth of population density in cities and agricultural development in rural areas affect the formation of local housing markets, and as a consequence, the associated local markets for goods and resources; and the last section concludes. Keywords: economic growth, regional economics, agricultural industry, local markets, spillovers, housing market
Strategy for the development of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Alpatova Ekaterina , Zenkina Irina , Fedosova Oksana , Lykova Olesya , Krivetskaya Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The article is a development of a variation of the methodology for developing a strategy for the development of an enterprise in the field of agribusiness. The strategic development line for an agribusiness enterprise is based on a detailed analysis of the external environment and a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of the potential of the internal environment, but the emphasis in the development strategy, unified for all agribusiness enterprises in Russia, should be uniform, as the results of this work show. Many agribusiness enterprises are not able to use a development strategy, due to the fact that they have a weak internal potential that does not allow them to realize the opportunities provided to them by a favorable external environment. An agribusiness that is in a different position, in order to use all the benefits available to enterprises that use the traditional approach in forming a development strategy, must first use a comprehensive analysis. Agromarketing is singled out as the main direction aimed at strengthening and developing the internal environment of the agribusiness organization. Agromarketing, based on the principles of customer orientation, realizing all the needs and requirements of a potential consumer of agricultural products.
Trends in the development of non-invasive technologies for assessing quality of seeds
Authors: Moskovskiy Maksim , Lavrov Aleksander , Gulyaev Anatoly , Sidorov Maksim
Published: July 2021

The article presents studies on the use of non-invasive technologies to determine the quality of seeds of various crops. The authors analyzed patents on this topic. In particular, such laser and optical technologies as IR spectroscopy, hyperspectral spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, terahertz spectroscopy were investigated. The conducted patent research showed and confirmed the relevance of the work and the possibility of further implementation of the results into practice, mainly in the field of systems for laser-optical spectroscopy of seeds. Carrying out research on this topic will allow you to design and create new types of devices that will be in demand in many areas of modern agriculture.
Research of the spectral characteristics of healthy and fusarium-infected wheat seeds variety Moskovskaya 56 by hyperspectral spectroscopy
Authors: Moskovskiy Maksim , Litvinov Maksim , Boiko Andrey , Maklakov Sergey
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a spectroscopic identification method is considered for determining the maxima and minima of spectral lines to identify pathogenic microflora in grain seeds. The paper presents the justification for the application of the method of hyperspectral imaging, in order to identify the disease fusarium in the seeds of soft winter wheat. Based on the graphs, it can see the general picture of the influence of the disease fusarium on wheat grains. There is a general decrease in the reflectivity of the grain surface. The strongest deviation of spectral lines is observed in the limit from 660 nm to 900 nm.
Experience of growing soybeans (Glycine max (L) merryll) on irrigation in the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory
Authors: Shabaldas Olga , Pimonov Konstantin , Vlasova Olga , Perederieva Vera
Published: July 2021

To obtain a stable harvest of high quality grain, Agrosakhar LLC, located in the Stavropol Territory, used soybean growing technology, which included: the use of modern energy and resource-saving equipment for soil cultivation, sowing and harvesting, cultivation of adapted varieties bred in Russia and Canada - Selecta 302, Vilana, Furio, Kofu, Kyoto, Kanata; introduction of complex fertilizer - azophoska for main soil cultivation, pre-sowing seed treatment with a fungicidal dressing agent Delit Pro and the inoculant Highcoat Super Soy. The system of protective measures included a combination of agrotechnical measures using chemical plant protection products based on monitoring of harmful objects. To combat monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species of weeds, sowing was treated with Pledge herbicide before germination, followed by a tank mixture of herbicides Bazagran with Harmony in the phase of the first true leaf in soybean plants. The use of the fungicide Akanto Plus together with Karate Zeon and Ampligo Plus ensured effective protection of soybean plants from diseases and pests during the growing season. The technology used for growing soybeans on the farm enables you to consistently get a large and high-quality grain yield. The maximum yield of 2.92 t/ha was obtained by sowing the Kofu variety using the developed cultivation technology. On average, the yield of protein amounted to 0.98, and vegetable fat amounted to 0.59 t/ha. The profitability of soybean grain production on the farm using this cultivation technology is 44.2%.
Innovative trends in breeding disease resistant rice varieties
Authors: Zelensky Grigory , Dubina Elena , Ladatko Maxim , Zelenskaya Olga
Published: July 2021

Rice has become widespread in world agriculture due to its high adaptation to growing conditions and the selection of many different types of varieties. The creation of new varieties of rice in Russia has been carried out using the methods of complex multistage hybridization and marker selection with close cooperation of breeders and biotechnologists. The result of this work is a mid-season variety Utyos that combines high yields with resistance to blast, the main fungal disease of rice that affects leaves, stems and panicles of the plant. The late-ripening rice variety IR-36, which has complex resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses, was used as a donor. Variety Utyos was created by selecting an elite plant from the F2 BC4 Flagship / IR-36 population, with repeated selection and verification by offspring. Starting from the first backcrossing, marker control was carried out for the presence of transferred donor alleles in the hybrid offspring. In parallel, phytopathological control was carried out against an infectious background. In 2019, in environmental tests, Utyos formed the maximum grain yield of 11.95 t / ha with winter wheat as the predecessor. At the same time, the variety showed high resistance to blast.
Variability of grain and milled rice quality traits of long-grain rice variety
Authors: Dzhamirze Ruslan , Ostapenko Nadezhda , Chinchenko Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article presents results of studying 14 families of longgrain rice variety Sharm, divided into two groups. A detailed assessment of technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality in primary seed production nurseries (P-1 and P-2) is given. Variability and correlation of traits is calculated. The experiment was carried out in the period 2016-2018 under the conditions of a field experiment as a control nursery, on the rice irrigation system of FSBSI “FSC of Rice” (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Rice Centre”), Krasnodar. In a group of families with typical plants, significant excess of some technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality was revealed in comparison with the original variety Sharm, entered in the state register in 2013: for example, the weight of 1000 grains of the combined families after rejection was 27.6 g; fracturing is significantly lower - 10.2%; also, in terms of the total milling yield, head rice content, significant excess of the combined families was noted - 67; 92.1 and 59.6%. The variability of the considered technological traits is weak and varies within the range of up to 10%, with the exception of fracturing (CV up to 93%), since it is highly susceptible to weather fluctuations. In both groups of families, a close positive correlation was found between the head rice content in the milled rice and its content in the grain (r = 0.981 and 0.989) and a negative average relationship between fracturing and the total milling yield (r = -0.568 and -0.646, respectively). When rejecting families of the variety Sharm in P-1 and P-2, it is recommended to use, in addition to morphological characteristics, the indicator of the mass of 1000 grains and the grain index (l / b).
Development of seed production elements of new grain beans variety Yuzhanka bred by FSBSI Federal Scientific Rice Centre
Authors: Pischulin Grigory , Esaulova Lybov
Published: July 2021

For the rapid distribution and successful cultivation of beans, it is necessary to develop methods of cultivation technology in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of Krasnodar region. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the efficiency of irrigation, various doses of mineral nutrition and the use of the biological product Nitragin KM on grain beans crops. The effect of pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers under irrigation and rainfed conditions on phenological, morphological traits, yield and productivity of grain beans variety Yuzhanka has been studied. Analysis of the data on the yield of beans seeds showed that the most effective agricultural method for seed production of this crop is the introduction of mineral fertilizers on drip irrigation. With an increase in the level of mineral nutrition, the seed multiplication factor increased from 30 to 45 pcs/pcs on dry land and from 50 to 69 pcs/pcs during irrigation. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in yields both in rainfed and irrigated conditions. The highest yield of bean seeds of variety Yuzhanka was obtained with the use of fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 (1,77 t/ha on dry land and 3,04 t/ha on irrigated plots).
Use of growth inhibitor chlormequat chloride in potato culture in vitro
Authors: Buldakov Sergey A.
Published: July 2021

The publication presents data on the use of growth inhibitor chlormequat chloride in in vitro potato culture on varieties of different maturity groups: Meteor (early), Zekura (mid-early), and Northern Lights (mid-season). Five dosages of the investigational product were studied, ranging from 0.1125 to 1.8 g/l. It was found that in maximum doses of the product there was a strong inhibition of all growth processes in all varieties. The research results showed that the most optimal concentration of chlormequat chloride is 0.225 g per 1 liter of Murashige and Skoog medium. At this dose, on 30th day of cultivation, there was a decrease in the height of microplants from the control by 63.2-85.1%, in the root length - up to 15.0% and their number - up to 22.8% and an increase in the number of internodes by 6.5-22,0 % depending on the variety. The investigational product had an effect on formation of microtubers; in the Meteor variety, their largest number was 89.5% in the nutrient medium with a dose of 1.8 g/l, in the Zekura variety - 93.0% in the nutrient medium with a dose of 0.9 g/l. The new technique makes it possible to lengthen the periods between cuttings of test-tube plants by 2.3 times. This, in turn, reduces the cost of maintaining the in vitro collection material of potatoes in the summer-autumn period, and improves its quality, since each additional cutting cycle affects a more rapid degeneration of the variety. Also, microplants grown with growth inhibitor during subsequent relocation to a standard Murashige and Skoog medium did not show an aftereffect.
Molecular marking in breeding Brassica oleracea L. for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Makukha Yuliya , Dubina Elena
Published: July 2021

In the presented study, we have studied polymorphism of 30 microsatellite loci in terms of resistance to black rot (Xanthomonas campestris). Three SSR markers (Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06, BoESSR 726) were identified, showing polymorphism in white cabbage forms with contrasting resistance to black rot. Also, part of the F2 breeding material was analyzed using markers Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06. It was found that they reveal all types of allelic state of genes in a segregating population in accordance with the Mendelian rule of segregation, which makes these markers suitable for further use in studies on the basis of cabbage resistance to black rot.
Effect of cAMP on bovine oocyte maturation in vitro
Authors: Makutina Valeria , Isaeva Albina , Krivonogova Anna , Deykin Alexey
Published: July 2021

Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are among the main molecules that control the maturation of mammal oocytes. The in vitro simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) method was used to model cAMP accumulation in the oocyte. In the current study, we preincubated the oocytes of cows (not primed with FSH) with cAMP modulators: N 6,2’-O-dibutyryladenosine 3’,5’-cyclomonophosphate (dbcAMP) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The use of SPOM increased the yield of bovine blastocysts.
Efficacy of fungicides against pathogens of apple core rot from the genera Fusarium Link, Alternaria Nees and Botrytis (Fr.) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Astapchuk Irina , Yakuba Galina , Nasonov Andrei
Published: July 2021

As a result of the studies carried out, species-specific reactions of relative sensitivity to chemical fungicides of strains of the genera Fusarium Link, Alternaria Nees and Botrytis (Fr.) in vitro were noted. Fungicide Cidely-Top, DC inhibited the growth of fungi F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and A. alternata by 95-96 %, its minimum biological effectiveness was 83 % on the F. oxysporum strain. Fungicide Luna Tranquility, SC showed very high antifungal activity against F. avenacium, F. oxysporum and A. alternata (100 %) and low antifungal activity against F. solani and B. cinerea (73-74 %), other pathogens were suppressed with average activity. The drug Tirada, SC inhibited the growth of all studied micromycetes by 98-100 %, except for B. cinerea, the effectiveness against which was 94 % and lower. In general, against the B. cinerea fungus, the effectiveness of all drugs was average or below average, which may indicate the presence of resistance in the studied strain.
Changes in analytical characteristics of pectic substances when freezing berries
Authors: Sobol Irina , Rodionova Ludmila , Donchenko Ludmila , Varyvoda Albina
Published: July 2021

Pectin substances are valuable components of plant cells. They have properties that allow them to be used in various industries - water retaining, gel-forming and complexing abilities. The most important property that has a positive impact on human health is the complexing ability. It is the property of pectin substances to bind heavy and toxic metals, radioactive nuclides, free radicals and other toxins in insoluble complexes and remove them from the human body. Due to their complexing ability pectin substances are used in medicines aimed at reducing cholesterol in the body, prolonging the effect of drugs, reducing the body’s allergic reactions to various substances. This property depends on the analytical characteristics of pectin substances and may vary depending on the type of raw material and the method of its processing. Currently, freezing is commonly used to preserve various types of fruits and berries, especially perishable ones. There are data in the literature about changes of pectin substances in various plant raw materials, but there are not enough data about changes of analytical characteristics of pectin substances during freezing and storage and their influence on the complexing ability. The article presents a study of the analytical characteristics of pectin substances contained in red and black currant berries during the process of their freezing and storage at low temperatures. Studies on their influence on the change in the complexing ability are presented.