bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and specificity of an index of oral hygiene community use in relation to three indexes commonly used in measuring dental plaque
Authors: Corchuelo Jairo
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Indexes of oral hygiene and dental plaque measurements have been developed since the 1960s in assessing an individual's oral hygiene, and to evaluate the effectiveness of programs to promote oral health and to measure the effectiveness of therapeutic methods. The Dental School at Universidad del Valle and the Pacífico Siglo XXI research team have developed an oral hygiene index for community use and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity versus three other indexes used in studies worldwide.Methodology: A group of seven students in their fifth year of dentistry were standardized for the registration of pattern indexes (gold standard), the O´Leary index, detritus index by Greene & Vermillion index, Silness & Löe index, and the oral hygiene index for community use (CPI) achieving a match with Kappa values from 0.83, 0.81, 0.71, 0.94, and 0.86, respectively. A total of 83 fifth grade, primary school children were examined with parental consent; the data was recorded and taken to a database that was processed with a SSPS version 17 program.Results: The plaque rate in the children evaluated was 80%. No significant differences were found between the gold standard, the O´leary index, and the oral hygiene index for community use. The sensitivity of the indices evaluated was: 96.8 (95% CI 95.5-97.9) for the O'Leary index; 95.1 (95% CI 92.5-97.4) for the CPI; 75.2 (95% CI: 73.1-77.1) Greene & Vermillion detritus index, and 69.5 (95% CI 66-73) for the Silness & Löe index. The average specificity of 75 had no significant differences among the indexes.Conclusions: The Silness & Löe and Greene & Vermillion indexes are less sensitive with significant differences in relation to the O´Leary index and the plaque community index.
Anatomic and Functional Varieties of Labial Frenum in Children During the Mixed Dentition Period
Authors: Ayupova Farida S. , Gayvoronskaya Tatyana V. , Alekseenko Sergey N.
Published: December 2019

Aim. To study the anatomical and functional varieties of labial frenum and their prevalence in children aged 6–11 years in the territories of the Krasnodar Krai.

Materials and methods. We have studied the prevalence of varieties of labial frenum anomalies in 120 children at the initial and fi nal periods of mixed dentition. A preventive examination of 60 children (1st observation group) and 60 children receiving orthodontic treatment (2nd observation group) at the children’s dental department of the Dental Clinic of the Kuban State Medical University was carried out. The criteria for inclusion in the observation groups were somatically healthy children, living in the city of Krasnodar, and the cities and areas of the Krasnodar Krai. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) software. Qualitative data were described using absolute values and percentages. To identify differences in the sign occurrence frequency between the groups under consideration, Fisher’s exact test was used due to the fact that the expected number of observations in the cells of the four-fi eld table was less than fi ve. The obtained value of the exact Fisher’s test p < 0.05 testifi ed to the absence of statistically signifi cant differences.

Results. The prevalence of labial frenum anomalies reached 15% according to routine examination (1st observation group) and 20% — in children with dentoalveolar anomalies who applied for orthodontic treatment (2 observation group). No statistically signifi cant differences were observed between the groups of girls and boys by the prevalence of varieties of labial frenum anomalies (p > 0.05). In the 2nd observation group, labial frenum anomalies were detected 2 or more times more often (p < 0.05) in children living in cities (44.44%) and in the regions of the Krasnodar Krai, than in children living in the city of Krasnodar (21.43%).

Conclusions. Anatomical and functional classifi cation refl ects the main varieties of the labial frenum and allows the indications for surgical intervention to be clarifi ed. An alteration trend of the attachment location of labial frenum to the gingiva was found due to the physiological increase in the dentoalveolar height in the jaw anterior parts during the eruption period of permanent teeth and the formation of their roots. In this regard, it is advisable to plan surgical intervention in the period of late mixed dentition taking into account the anatomical and functional variety of the labial frenum.
Identification of Patients with a High Risk of Developing Precancerous Colon Diseases at the Outpatient Stage
Authors: Gayazova Anastasiia F. , Bolotnova Tatyana V.
Published: December 2019

Aim. To identify patients with a high risk of precancerous diseases of the colorectal region for colonoscopy assignment in the practice of a district physician.

Materials and methods. 122 patients were surveyed who underwent colonoscopy by the appointment of a district physician at the Municipal Polyclinic No. 3 in Tyumen. All examined patients were divided into two groups according to colonoscopy: with colon polyps — 64 (52.5 %) and without colon polyps — 58 patients (47.5 %).

Results. The mean age of patients in the group with colon polyps was 59.8 ± 4.7 years, in the second group — 58.2 ± 4.8 years. In the group with colon polyps, more patients exhibited a low physical activity and poor nutrition compared to the group without colon polyps. Erosive gastritis and obesity prevailed in patients of the group with colon polyps as compared to the second group. The number of patients who smoked and drank alcohol prevailed in the group with colon polyps, in comparison with the second group. Patients with colon polyps were twice as likely to have a burdened hereditary history of colorectal cancer as those without colon polyps.

Conclusion. Thus, the group of high risk of colon polyps included patients with risk factors: smoking, low physical activity and burdened hereditary history of colon cancer, as well as erosive gastritis in the history.
Socket Preservation During Preimplantation Period: Effi cacy of Osteoplastic Material Application Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Red’ko Nikolay A. , Drobyshev Aleksey Yu. , Lezhnev Dmitry A.
Published: December 2019

Aim. To analyse the effi ciency of osteoplastic material application in order to reduce the resorption level after tooth extraction in the preimplantation period according to the data of cone beam computed tomography.

Materials and methods. The study involved 80 patients who were divided into 4 equal groups depending on the preservation material used. The fi rst group was treated with Cerabone (Botiss, Germany) xenomaterial based on natural bovine bone. Plasma enriched with PRGF growth factors obtained by the BTI Endoret (Spain) technology was used for the patients of the second group. The third group consisted of patients who underwent a socket preservation of the extracted tooth with a powdered autologous dentin matrix (ADM) obtained from their own tooth. In the fourth group, bone-plastic material based on hydroxyapatite with Collapan-L lincomycin hydrochloride (Intermedapatit, Russia) was used to prevent socket resorption. All patients had a cone beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region before the extraction and 3 months after the preservation in order to evaluate the level of bone resorption. After the installation of dental implants, a comparative assessment of the bone resorption level in the vertical and horizontal directions before tooth extraction and in the preimplantation period was carried out.

Results. The smallest level of vertical bone resorption after socket preservation was observed in group 1 (Cerabone) and group 3 (ADM). The median value of the socket resorption level in group 1 was 0.7 mm (8.54 %) in the vertical direction and 0.5 mm (9.45 %) in horizontal measurement as compared to the level of bone tissue before tooth extraction. Similar indicators were observed in the group using an autologous dentin matrix. The vertical decrease in the socket bone tissue was 0.61 mm (7.75 %), horizontal — 0.51 mm (6.2 %). The level of bone resorption was signifi cantly higher using two other materials.

Conclusions. The use of three-dimensional radiation research methods allows a comprehensive assessment of the bone tissue volume to be carried out, which in turn determines the choice of the dental implant size, the need for further bone-plastic surgery to increase the width/height of the alveolar ridge. The use of cone beam computed tomography showed that the most optimal results can be obtained by introducing Cerabone material into the socket of the extracted tooth, as well as using the innovative method of preservation with the patient’s own powdered tooth (ADM).
Perspectivas transatlánticas de una serie pasionaria del pintor novohispano José de Ibarra (1685-1756)
Authors: Robin Alena
Published: December 2019

Este artículo estudia un ciclo pasionario firmado y fechado en 1744 por el afamado pintor novohispano José de Ibarra. El conjunto de 15 lienzos, ahora en una colección particular, no había sido catalogado dentro de la producción pictórica conocida del maestro. La serie fue adquirida por un exitoso mercader español activo en el puerto de Veracruz en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. El ciclo ilustra consideraciones de transferencias culturales en el mundo hispano de aquella época y levanta cuestionamientos en relación a los modelos globales de comunicación y de intercambio. La serie se analiza aquí desde varias perspectivas transatlánticas, incluyendo la apropiación por parte del pintor novohispano de fuentes grabadas flamencas e italianas.
Machine Learning Transition Temperatures from 2D Structure
Authors: Sifain Andrew , Yalkowsky Samuel , Rice Betsy , Barnes Brian
Published: December 2019

A priori knowledge of melting and boiling could expedite the discovery of pharmaceutical, energetic, and energy harvesting materials. The tools of data science are becoming increasingly important for exploring chemical datasets and predicting material properties. A fundamental part of data-driven modeling is molecular featurization. Herein, we propose a molecular representation with group-constitutive and geometrical descriptors that map to enthalpy and entropy–two thermodynamic quantities that drive phase transitions. The descriptors are inspired by the linear regression-based quantitative structure-property relationship of Yalkowsky and coworkers known as the Unified Physicochemical Property Estimation Relationships (UPPER). Used as input to nonlinear machine learning (specifically, eXtreme Gradient Boosting or XGBoost), these concise and easy-to-compute descriptors provide an appealing framework for predicting transition enthalpies, entropies, and temperatures in a diverse chemical space. An application to energetic materials shows that UPPER plus XGBoost is predictive, despite a relatively modest energetics reference dataset.
In Pursuit of Financial Justice: Local African Communities’ Quest for Legal Redress Against Business-Related Human Rights Abuses
Authors: Abdul Latif Laila
Published: December 2019

Mining corporations in Africa stand accused of violating human rights. This article gives a voice to the plight suffered by local African communities in accessing justice to remedy the violation of their human rights as a result of the business activities of mining corporations. It focuses specifically on the right to access justice in order to ask whether the affected communities get a fair and effective share of financial remedies to mitigate against the violation of their rights to health, clean environment and property. It examines two separate and independent avenues through which local communities access justice and asks which of the two, judicial or non-judicial approaches, guarantee these local communities a right to be heard and a recourse to financial remedies.
Some changes in the spatial characteristics of tourism in Slovenia since its independence
Authors: Cigale Dejan
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the processes and changes in Slovenian tourism in the last three decades, after the disintegration of Yugoslavia. They have been related to the influence of factors both within the field of tourism and outside of it (external factors, such as geopolitical events, economic changes and shocks, etc.). Empirical analysis is focused particularly on the spatial characteristics of tourism, with the emphasis on the geographical origin of tourist flows and, on the other hand, stability/variability of geographical distribution of tourism within Slovenia. In regard to the latter, especially a very intense growth of tourist numbers in Slovenian capital (Ljubljana) is worth mentioning. The most evident change regarding inbound tourist flows is a strongly increased number of non-European tourists. The observed changes point out the fact that Slovenian tourism is increasingly embedded into globalization processes. Despite the growth in non-European tourist arrivals, the relatively short-distance tourist flows still prevail in the majority of Slovenian tourist destinations. They are also less sensitive to economic and political shocks and they will most probably remain crucial for Slovenian tourism.
PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI MELALUI SISTEM BAGI HASIL OLEH GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI (GAPOKTAN) DESA SEGOBANG KECAMATAN LICIN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Andi Ahmad Khoirin
Published: December 2019

Economy is the basic foundation in creating community welfare. Banking efforts and creativity are carried out in order to contribute to the improvement of the community's economy. One of them is islamic banking. These two decades of banking that are in indonesia offer a different concept than conventional banking that was first there. The most popular concept is the mudhorobah contract. One of the agreements deemed very beneficial especially among these farmers, has contributed to helping the economy, especially for farmers.
PROSPEK PELEMBAGAAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: SAM Achmad Al-Muhajir
Published: December 2019

Indonesian is constitutionally as the state of Pancasila and not as a religious state, but the state is able to accommodate a number of religious norms in the formation of legislation. Indonesia, as the largest Muslim country in the world with a diversity of ethnic, religious and ethnic groups, has chosen the plural of legal system. This situation provides an opportunity to source a specific law affects the formation and preparation of the norms of national law. Islamic law has long been used in the community, even before the colonial period, has significant effect in certain customary law in society. This paper describes the existence of Islamic Law in the plurality of national law amidst the process of the tug of political struggle of national law in reform era. This discussion is focused on the following; first, the prospect legal institution of Islamic law in Indonesia; second, the resistance and constraint in course of legal institution of Islamic law in Indonesia. This paper was as a result of library research using legal normative status, historical, and sociological point of view.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENYESUAIAN DIRI ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA PGRI GENTENG BANYUWANGI
Authors: Ramiati Eka , Andini Yuli Tri
Published: December 2019

Being a parent is a very meaningful gift to every couple, especially with the presence of a child who is the epitome of love for both of her parents. If a child is born in a state of mental disability or a tunagrahita, then the parent will begin to think about how they should raise the child who is mentally disabled. The fact that is happening in the community about the parenting of disabled is the number of parents who let even hide the children of disabled because of shame, but there are also parents who give good parenting to them.
The purpose of this study is to explain and give an overview of the form of self-adjustment and the cause of the children's causes, the factors that cause self-adjustment in children, the factors that influence self-adjustment Children and to know how the role of parents in assisting the self-adjustment of the child is a disabled. The study used a qualitative approach in the form of case studies. The characteristics of the subject in this study were 15-year-old disabled children and male genders, while the characteristics of respondents in this study were married couples who had a 30-50-year-old child of disabled .
Based on the results of the research known that the form of self-adjustment of children such as those who want to be independent, have the same desire with normal people, social interaction, have self control, and confident. The cause of child disabled is due to high fever pain (convulsions) and the economic difficulties of the subject family, so that their child is too late to get treatment that eventually leads to disabled. Factors that are the cause of self-adjustment in the child are physical and psychological factors and environmental factors, namely the attention of the environment, such as family members and neighbors around the place of residence. In an effort to adjust itself, the child needs a good role of parents, which provides proper support and parenting. Parenting roles include material support, attention support, parental acceptance, advice and parenting.
STATUS HUKUM TERTIB DALAM RUKUN DUA KHUTBAH JUM’AT (TELAAH KRITIS FIQIH KLASIK)
Authors: A. A. Multazim
Published: December 2019

Shalat jum’at is a decree of Allah and His apostles to do all Muslims who ain yaikni fardlu legal status must be done by each community male, adult, independent and living in an area (habitation), there shall be a Muslim, children children, slaves and people who are traveling (Musafir). Friday prayer is done in a certain way and only considered valid if it qualifies and harmony. One of the requirements unauthorized Shalat jum’at among others should be preceded two Friday sermons. Two sermons can also be considered valid if it qualifies and harmony. The two pillars of the popular sermons in practice in the community is reading hamdalah, and prayers be upon our Prophet Muhammad, intestate piety to Allah SWT, read one verse on one of the two sermons, and pray for the Muslims and muslimat the second sermon. The five things orderly recitation even any dillakukan orderly implementation, though, none of the verses of the Koran or al-Hadith that explains directly that the implementation of the pillars of the two sermons should be conducted in an orderly. That's why there needs to be a positive answer and more maslahah create the legal status orderly people in the pillars of two sermons.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERMENDAGRI NO 04 TAHUN 2007 DAN PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN TANAH BENGKOK
Authors: Maswanto Akhmad Rudi
Published: December 2019

The question of being an object in this paper is about the reconstruction of land law in the view of Islamic law, how Islam also participates in the mapping of the fairness of the money, which is for the welfare of the ummah. In the case of the use of twisted land (land belonging to village government) is the question of whether the land is solely for the sake of the provision of the salaries of village officials or more than that for the purpose of Village development. This research is done using a qualitative approach with the intent to know how the existence of the information Village program in the view of rural residents is the target of the program. The data collection process relies on observation methods and interviews.
PENGARUH TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA 3-4 TAHUN DI KB KARTIKA KEPUNDUNGAN SRONO BANYUWANGI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018-2019
Authors: Hasanah Ifatul , Putri Ellyana Ilsan Eka , Bahari John Iskandar
Published: December 2019

Based on preliminary observations at KB Kartika, it was found that the independence of toileting at KB Kartika was still quite low. Considering the importance of self-reliance in toilet and considering the potential that based on PERMENDIKBUD No. 137 of 2014 children aged 3-4 years have been able to say 5-6 words, this study takes the formulation of the problem of how the influence of toilet training on the independence of children aged 3-4 years in KB Kartika Kepundungan Srono Banyuwangi. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of toilet training on the independence of children aged 3-4 years in KB Kartika Kepundungan srono Banyuwangi. This type of research used in this study is field research, which is a study of the reality of people's social lives directly. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The validity of the data uses triangulation of techniques and sources. The results of this study are that there is an influence of toilet training on the independence of the toilet of children aged 3-4 years at KB Kartika under the Srono Banyuwangi. The improvement that occurs every child is different. However, overall all children experience an increase in independence after toilet training.
LOGÍSTICA REVERSA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO SISTEMA DE COMPOSTAGEM DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO ATERRO SANITÁRIO DE ANÁPOLIS
Authors: De Magalhães Matheus Alexandre , De Almeida Paulo Roberto Vieira
Published: December 2019

O crescimento gradativo de produção e consumo de bens tem como um dos principais problemas a geração de resíduos sólidos que, em muitos casos, tem sido mal administrado no momento de sua disposição final. Para que os danos causados nos âmbitos social e ambiental sejam reduzidos a atividade de Logística Reversa é pauta principal das discussões sobre o assunto, apresentando-se como ferramenta eficaz para diminuição ou solução dos impactos negativos causados pelo problema apresentado. Dito isso esse trabalho teve seu foco destinado ao estudo do processo de Logística Reversa desenvolvido no sistema de compostagem de matéria orgânica feito no aterro sanitário do município de Anápolis – GO. Foi realizada uma pesquisa investigativa exploratória, feita por meio de um estudo de caso, de forma qualitativa. Pôde-se constatar que a compostagem é forte aliada da Logística Reversa, preservando o meio ambiente e contribuindo para um bom convívio social, sendo também fonte de recursos para os meios de produção.
El patrimonio granadino como elemento didáctico: un itinerario inclusivo por el Barrio de La Manigua
Authors: Arias Romero Salvador Mateo , Contreras Garcí­a Javier , Molina Serrano Marí­a de Czestochowa , Tenedor Tenedor Javier
Published: December 2019

Esta propuesta tiene la intención de poner en valor un tradicional barrio granadino como es el de La Manigua, barrio cuyo nombre pasa desapercibido para la mayorí­a de los granadinos. Las intervenciones llevadas a cabo sobre sus edificaciones y trazado cambiaron completamente la fisonomí­a del espacio allá por fines de los años treinta, alargándose las obras hasta finales de los cuarenta. El resultado fue la construcción de un barrio céntrico de alto valor simbólico para la arquitectura del momento y de revitalización del espacio, así­ como de saneamiento, al tiempo que transformaba su tradicional carácter negativo en una de las zonas más elitistas de la ciudad, tanto económica como culturalmente
Beneficios del juego en la acción pedagógica
Authors: Achavar Valencia Cristina
Published: December 2019

A pesar de la importancia del juego para la educación inicial, no ha sido atendido en su justa dimensión en términos investigativos y de desarrollo académico. Si bien existe literatura que trata sobre su importancia metodológica, no se ha relevado en el contexto de la didáctica y la acción pedagógica. Se asume que el juego es una actividad natural de la infancia y que responde a las motivaciones de los niños y niñas para satisfacer la necesidad de entretenimiento; sin embargo, la actividad lúdica reviste ventajas adaptativas sobre otras conductas y constituye una fuente de aprendizaje permanente. El presente artí­culo expone una reflexión en torno a los beneficios del juego en la acción pedagógica, considerando que el aprendizaje en la infancia temprana configura una etapa esencialmente lúdica. Se concluye que el juego puede adquirir un carácter de espacio cultural, una actividad y una fuente de aprendizaje, trascendiendo a la limitación de entretenimiento o de herramienta o técnica pedagógica.
Mulheres camponesas em movimentos: análises da atuação feminina na via campesina, na caminhada para a soberania alimentar
Authors: Menegat Alzira Salete , Silva Sandra Procópio
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar considerações sobre as condições e atuações das mulheres camponesas que integram a Via Campesina, considerando o contexto histórico cultural de produção da desigualdade entre homens e mulheres nas relações de trabalho, culminando com sua invisibilidade na produção de alimentos. Aliado a esse percurso, são analisadas as resistência das mulheres diante de processos opressores, descortinando-os e se colocando em lutas para transformação de relações sociais e de modelos de produção. Nesse sentido, a Via Campesina configura-se num coletivo que fortalece e fomenta a força social das mulheres, que visam a mudanças. Conclui-se que as Mulheres Camponesas, da Via Campesina, questionam as jornadas de trabalho opressoras, debatendo sobre processos que as fortaleça, como a soberania alimentar, os feminismos e a agroecologia.
As ocupações do Movimento Olga Benário e a Desobediência Civil Feminista
Authors: Cegatti Amanda Carolina
Published: December 2019

Desde 2016, militantes do Movimento Olga Benário ocuparam três residências inabitadas em diferentes cidades e as transformaram em Casas de Referência para Mulheres em situação de violência. A primeira delas, a Casa Tina Martins (Belo Horizonte/MG), se inicia com o intuito de pressionar os governantes a tomar parte na responsabilidade de proteção às mulheres e, posteriormente, soma-se à rede de enfrentamento à violência já existente. Inspiradas nesta ação, as outras duas ocupações, Mulheres Mirabal (Porto Alegre/RS) e Helenira Preta (Mauá/SP), surgem com a finalidade de oferecer um espaço de abrigamento às mulheres, além de buscar pressionar o Estado. Considerando que estes parecem ser os objetivos principais do movimento, e não o de contestar a legalidade da propriedade a partir da ocupação dos imóveis, pretende-se identificar se as militantes consideram suas ações como desobediência civil e com o a justificam. Com o aporte dos estudos sobre movimentos feministas e desobediência civil, busca-se compreender as motivações subjacentes à atuação do Movimento e das respectivas ocupações, bem como seus objetivos mais abrangentes; paralelamente, procura-se identificar a interlocução do Movimento com as diferentes vertentes feministas. As informações foram obtidas em entrevistas com as lideranças do Olga Benário e das ocupações, e no site do Movimento e das Casas, o que permitiu identificar o fim último da organização, bem como os valores feministas que orientam as suas ações.
ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW DAN LAHIRNYA TRADISI ILMIAH DI INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Sarjuni Sarjuni
Published: December 2019

This article seeks to describe that Islam is not just a religion that pays attention to issues of credo and ritual, but it is also a worldview that brings a change for Muslims. As an Islamic way of life, it has an integrated view of physical and non-physical realities. The verses of the Koran are seminal concepts that project an Islamic view of the universe and life which are referred to as Islamic natural views. It has a different view from the views of other religions and civilizations. Conceptually, Islam as a worldview is closely related to all human activities as social, intellectual and religious beings. As a system of belief, thought, and values, it has the power to change the conditions of civilization. So that in history, its presence has been able to generate scientific traditions through the earliest educational institutions known as Madrasas as-Suffah. From this Madrasa ash-Suffah, ashab ash-suffah (scientific community) developed, This scientific community is needed for the emergence of scientific traditions. The existence of this scientific tradition which later generates to major scholars in the fields of Kalam Science, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Sufism, etc., which in subsequent developments were able to give birth to polymath Muslim scientists, namely scientists who have expertise in various fields of science at once. Keywords: Islamic Worldview, Scientific Traditions, Science
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PORTRAYED IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA
Authors: Abuhassan Ali Sabri , Latiff Azmi Mohd Nazri
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the bildungsroman phenomenon as depicted in Jane Austen’s Emma (1817) by consulting Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as a framework of analysis. The most two conflicting readings in this regard could be best seen in Buckley’s (1974) claim which excluded Emma from the bildungsroman, for the genre has always been associated with the protagonist’s physical quest seeking maturity and social integration. However, Kohn (1995) read Emma as a domestic bildungsroman when he argued that Emma did not have to travel physical distances to achieve her maturity. For Kohn, Emma matured within her social sphere. This paper particularly traced Emma’s psychological and social development since this type of development is the basic ingredient of any bildungsroman novel. This paper argued that Emma cannot be read as bildungsroman not because the protagonist did set on a quest, as Buckley claimed, but mainly because Emma did not develop a sense of psychological or social maturation. After placing Emma in Erikson’s developmental stages, the study revealed that she did not really mature neither she realized her own identity. This paper proposed that Emma should not be classified as bildungsroman because the heroine distorted the real meaning of maturity and social integrity.
EFFECT OF CROSSWORD PUZZLE TEACHING STRATEGY TOWARDS STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Silalahi Friska Novi , Sunarko Vivin , Haro Nani , Tarigan Sri Ninta
Published: December 2019

This research is to find out that crossword puzzle teaching strategy gives a significant effect towards students’ vocabulary mastery at SMA Amir Hamzah Medan. The crossword puzzle is a kind of word game which can improve the learners to enrich their vocabulary knowledge. The research design used is pre-experimental design formed as one group pretest- posttest design using quantitative approach. The data collecting method is test. The research data are analyzed by applying paired samples t-test formula through SPSS 23 and the result of the research shows that the value of the t-count is 51,700, while the t-table with the significance level of 5% and Df of 12 is 2,179. The t-count is higher than the t-table (51,700>2,179). This  means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant effect towards students’ vocabulary mastery before and after having taught by the utilization of crossword puzzle teaching strategy at SMA Amir Hamzah Medan.
BRIDE VALUE: A FEMINIST READING OF BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE BRIDE PRICE
Authors: Abdul Zanyar Kareem
Published: December 2019

The Bride Price is one of the most influential modern novels authored by Buchi Emecheta through which the voice of a female character is expressed. The study has two points of discussion: the first deals with patriarchal society in which women suffer and become the only victims, and the second does with African culture from which Emecheta criticizes severely. Men have all the powers in controlling the whole family. The traditional society of Africa follows their culture as it is especially in paying the bride from the groom’s family. The paper aims at both men and women to keep this belief for the rest of their life no matter how modern the society has become. To some extent, the idea of “double colonization” proposed by Peterson and Rutherford (1986) will be identified in the paper and further explanation will be given. The paper also is an attempt to analyze the reflection of the African system related to marriage in the novel; as similar idea can be found in Iraqi Kurdistan that would be counted as the main objective behind writing the current paper. Furthermore, it shows some cultural similarities between both countries. By applying “double colonization” theory, the researcher confirms that Emecheta’s female characters suffer a traumatic experience in which they are controlled by two colonizers: the power of males and the reality of colonization. The researcher tries to send his messages through this paper out to avoid such conflicts and spread self and cultural awareness among the society.
UTILIZATION OF USER GUIDE OF ONLINE SHOPPING APPLICATIONS BY CUSTOMERS IN MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Dhahir Darman Fauzan
Published: December 2019

The rapid growth of e-commerce is accompanied by an increase in the number of customers of application-based online store. The use of online shopping applications that are not appropriate may cause problems that result in customer losses. This quantitative research is intended to describe the utilization of online shopping application’s user guides by the customers in Makassar City. The research uses a descriptive statistic analysis. Data is displayed in the form of graphics and tables and interpreted descriptively. The results showed that the users of online shopping applications in Makassar City were less in using the user guide provided by the online shopping application provider. They preferred to do trial & error, even though they advised other users to read the tutorial. They were more concerned about convenience and simplicity than security issues. Besides, it was also found that those using the out-application-tutorials were more risked experienced problems than those did not use the tutorial at all and/or those used the in-application-tutorials.
Desajustes territoriales en la distribución del Pago Básico de la PAC en España
Authors: Leco Berrocal Felipe , Pérez Díaz Antonio
Published: December 2019

El Régimen de Pago Básico es un sistema de ayuda a los agricultores desacoplado de la producción. Los agricultores perciben unas ayudas directas en función del valor de una asignación de derechos de pago referenciadas en la aplicación de la regionalización de las ayudas. En este trabajo se analizan los datos referentes al Régimen de Pago Básico (obtenidos del Fondo Español de Garantía Agraria), tomando de referencia el año 2016 en España. El análisis estadístico se ha realizado desde una metodología de tipo cuantitativa y no experimental, descriptiva y cualitativa analítica, y ha permitido una aproximación a la realidad social, económica y territorial de estas ayudas. En primer lugar, los datos revelan el elevado peso del Pago Base respecto al resto de ayudas y medidas de la PAC (el régimen de pago básico representa un 36% del total de las ayudas en España). En segundo lugar, los datos muestran la presencia de una fuerte masculinización (el 62,7% son hombres) y envejecimiento (un 38,8% tiene más de 65 años) de los perceptores de ayudas del Régimen de Pago Básico, además de una presencia testimonial de jóvenes en el sector agrario. En tercer lugar, se pone de relieve el enorme peso que tienen los pequeños perceptores del pago base (aquellos que perciben menos de 1.250 euros) que, en el caso español, alcanzan un 23,9% sobre el total pero que, por otro lado, sólo perciben un 3,45% del montante presupuestario de este régimen de ayudas. Por último, se destacan los desequilibrios territoriales existentes de este régimen de ayudas y la ausencia absoluta de una solidaridad interterritorial, pese al carácter no discriminatorio de estas medidas.
Ethics as usual?
Authors: Harðardóttir Arna Kristín , Guðjónsson Sigurður , Minelgaite Inga , Kristinsson Kári
Published: December 2019

This research focuses on female work ethics in Iceland, one of the most gender equal countries in the world. The Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) was used for measuring the work ethic of 238 students of both genders. Based on a convenience sample obtained from the School of Business, University of Iceland we tested two hypotheses. The first concerned whether women have a higher work ethic than men; the second whether female students have higher grades than their male counterparts. We found women to have both a higher work ethic and grades than men. Overall outcomes based on the MWEP revealed statistically significant differences between the averages of women and men, with the mean for women higher by 7.07 points. In addition, women’s average university grades were found to be statistically higher than those of men by a margin of 0.36 points. These results provide interesting insights into the potential contribution of women and men to the workplace, suggesting that women, on average, will be more productive and deliver superior performance. Furthermore, work-based research and evaluations are necessary to test this inference, including the research across different sectors of the Icelandic economy.
The interplay of technological innovation and business model innovation toward company performance
Authors: Smajlović Selma , Umihanić Bahrija , Turulja Lejla
Published: December 2019

This study aims to clarify the relation between technological innovation and business model innovation and their shared impact on the business success of medium and large enterprises. Drawing on the Resource-Based View, this paper offers a comprehensive research model that analyses the relationships between technological innovation and business model innovations and their impact on business success. Structural Equation Modelling is utilized for the analysis of a dataset collected in a Southeast European developing country among medium and large enterprises. The results show that technological innovation has a positive influence on business model innovation and that business model innovation positively impacts the success of a business. Finally, the results confirm the mediating role of business model innovation between technological innovation and company business success. This research adds to the existing literature by empirically investigating the relationship between technological innovation, business model innovation, and company success identifying an antecedent role in the relationship between technological innovation and business model innovation.
The methods morphometric analysis’ of basinal systems’ within mountain territories using GIS (case study of the Chornogora’s part of Prut’s basin)
Authors: Marchak A.
Published: December 2019

In the article is given the methods of fulfillment consecutive stages of the relief morphometric analysis of basinal systems' within mountain territories using software package ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 9.3 (case study of the Chornogora's part of Prut's basin). The results of fulfillment this algorithm is developed digital elevation model, range of analytical and synthetic morphometric maps and hypsographical profiles, circular charts, bar diagrams, plots and tables of relief's various morphometric parameters as well as apportionment for their further complex morphogenetical analysis. Key words: morphometric analysis of the relief, geoinformation systems, geoinformation data base, digital elevation models, morphometric parameters of the relief, analytical and synthetic morphometric maps.
Comparative analysis of the relations of climatic characteristics to the quantitative morphometric parameters and the position in the landscape structure
Authors: Mkrtchian A. , Shuber P.
Published: December 2019

The comparative analysis is given of the strength and credibility of the modeling of the average monthly temperatures and monthly and yearly precipitation values spatial distribution by multiple regression model utilizing morphometric data, in contrast with the ANOVA model utilizing qualitative data on the position of the meteorological stations in the landscape morphological structure. Key words: climatic field, geospatial modeling, multiple regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA.
The Relationship Between School Principals’ Paternalistic Leadership and Teachers’ Job Burnout: An Action Research
Authors: Küçükgöz Mehmet , Dagli Gokmen , Altınay Aksay Fahriye , Budak Yusuf
Published: December 2019

The Relationship Between School Principals’ Paternalistic Leadership and Teachers’ Job Burnout: An Action Research
The aim of this study is to identify the extent of relationship between teachers’ evaluations concerning school principals’ paternalistic leadership level and teachers’ job burnout level and also to identify the underlying reasons and sources for this relationship. 192 school principals and 192 teachers, who work in state schools incorporating special education classes in two counties of a city of Turkey, have joined in quantitative dimension of this study carried through the action research paradigm and a research design like convergent parallel design. T-test, anova and inductive content analyses have been carried through collected data by favor of two likert scale for quantitative dimension and a semi-structured questions set for qualitative dimension. As a result of analyses, it is revealed that the more administrators’ paternalistic leadership level increases the less teachers’ job burnout level decreases reasonably and qualitative findings are explicit confirmations of quantitative findings. This study has been carried out by a research design like the mixed method consisting of quantitative and qualitative data collection along with analysis processes. The working group of this study is totally consisted of 217 participants of whom are 25 school principals’ s and 192 special education teachers, who work in state schools under the Ministry of National Education (MEB) incorporating special education classes in two counties of a city of Turkey. Whereas the research’s quantitative size constitutes all the special education teachers in the working group, its qualitative size constitutes 25 special education teachers and 25 school principals. Because of the fact that there are 12 counties in the city the research made and consequently the process of selecting just two counties in quantitative size has been made by simple random sampling method.
Benchmarking Analysis of Factors Influencing Container Traffic in the Port of Rijeka
Authors: Petrlić Antonija , Pavletić Nataša
Published: December 2019

Traditionally, ports have been regarded as hubs responsible for the reception of ships and passengers, but nowadays they have a much wider economic function, being clusters of various activities directly or indirectly linked to maritime transportation and seaborne trade, among which container traffic is the most important segment. The Port of Rijeka as the largest Croatian cargo port, positioned in the North Adriatic Sea, has exceptional but not fully exploited opportunities for further economic development of importance not just for the port and the city but for the Republic of Croatia as well. In addition, its geostrategic position makes it an important international port for Central and South Eastern European countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate and identify the current position of the Port of Rijeka (hereinafter Rijeka) in relation to the container business and, using Benchmarking as the research method, to analyse the established five main factors that have to be taken into consideration where its efficiency is compared to the statistically proven “best container port” in the region – the Port of Koper (hereinafter Koper). The results show significant competitive advantages of the Port of Koper almost in any of the analysed factors. Therefore, recommendations are given for further actions and improvement according to the natural advantages that Rijeka has to utilize in order to enhance its competitiveness and overall performance.
On Global Ionospheric Maps based winter-time GPS ionospheric delay with reference to the Klobuchar model
Authors: Brčić David , Filjar Renato , Kos Serdjo , Valčić Marko
Published: December 2019

Modelling of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) represents a challenging and demanding task in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning performance. In terms of satellite Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), TEC represents a significant cause of the satellite signal ionospheric delay. There are several approaches to TEC estimation. The Standard (Klobuchar) ionospheric delay correction model is the most common model for Global Positioning System (GPS) single-frequency (L1) receivers. The development of International GNSS Service (IGS) Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) has enabled the insight into global TEC dynamics. GIM analyses in the Northern Adriatic area have shown that, under specific conditions, local ionospheric delay patterns differ from the one defined in the Klobuchar model. This has been the motivation for the presented research, with the aim to develop a rudimentary model of the TEC estimation, with emphasis on areas where ground truth data are not available. The local pattern of the ionospheric delay has been modelled with wave functions based on the similarity of waveforms, considering diurnal differences in TEC behavior from defined TEC patterns. The model represents a spatiotemporal winter-time ionospheric delay correction with the Klobuchar model as a basis. The evaluation results have shown accurate approximation of the local pattern of the ionospheric delay. The model was verified in the same seasonal period in 2007, revealing it successfulness under pre-defined conditions. The presented approach represents a basis for the further work on the local ionospheric delay modelling, considering local ionospheric and space weather conditions, thus improving the satellite positioning performance for single-frequency GNSS receivers.
A Review of Blockchain Technology Implementation in Shipping Industry
Authors: Jović Marija , Filipović Marko , Tijan Edvard , Jardas Mlaen
Published: December 2019

This article presents a comprehensive review of the current and rising trends of blockchain technology usage in shipping industry. The definition and features of blockchain technology are provided, as well as the potential usage of blockchain technology in various areas (financial services, Internet of Things, medicine, government, etc.), in order to better understand its complexity and application. Furthermore, the major challenges of blockchain technology are shown, and the most prominent examples of blockchain applications in shipping industry are provided. The application and advantages of blockchain technology in seaports are demonstrated through several examples.
The Importance of Logistics Distribution Centers as Nodes in Logistics Networks
Authors: Pavlić Skender Helga , Adelajda Zaninović Petra , Lolić Ana
Published: December 2019

The emergence of logistics distribution centers has in the past few decades become a mass phenomenon that has emerged as a result of global economic processes. As part of logistics networks, logistics distribution centers are the key link between production and the market, i.e. end users, and function as nodes that facilitate international business activities. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of logistics distribution centers on the example of logistics distribution centers of the selected Western and Central European Union countries and examine the prospects for the development of logistics distribution centers in Croatia. The research results indicate that the Republic of Croatia is less competitive in comparison with Western and Central European countries, although it has a number of logistics distribution centers due to insufficient utilization and renewal of transport infrastructure. Logistics distribution centers are an important center of logistics networks, and the countries will have to devote more attention to their development to attract foreign investment and achieve economic development, because their significance will continue to grow in the future.