bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Território do desenvolvimento regional amazônico
Authors: Diniz Francisco Perpetuo Santos
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho problematiza a relação existente entre a necessidade de se repensar o território do planejamento de desenvolvimento regional amazônico, que está fundamentado em pressupostos teórico-metodológicos advindos da ciência moderna e na construção de projetos alternativos de desenvolvimento edificados em bases comunitárias, considerando os espaços físicos, onde sujeitos locais reproduzem seus cotidianos. Assim, objetivamos contribuir com os debates acerca do desenvolvimento regional a partir da consideração do que denominamos de “território-rizoma”. O trabalho tem um caráter qualitativo, bibliográfico e exploratório, cuja técnica de discussão de dados pautou-se na análise de conteúdo e os resultados demonstraram que o planejamento regional amazônico deve ser pensado considerando os territórios endógenos locais.Palavras-chave: Ciência Moderna. “Território-rizoma”. Desenvolvimento de base comunitária.
Agnotología
Authors: Proctor Robert N.
Published: January 2020

Robert Proctor e Ian Bolin acuñaron el término agnotología para designar el estudio de la ignorancia. Este escrito propone superar la visión de la ignorancia como un vacío que puede ser llenado por el conocimiento e invita a pensar en las formas en que hoy se produce, en forma premeditada y estructural: por negligencia, miopía, secreto o supresión. El autor muestra que la creación deliberada de la ignorancia es una estrategia para engañar y sembrar dudas sobre los hechos observados y sobre el conocimiento científico, tomando como ejemplos el papel de los secretos comerciales, la actividad de las tabacaleras para negar la relación causal entre el consumo de cigarrillos y el cáncer y el papel del secreto militar. Por último analiza algunos casos en que la ignorancia es una expresión de valores morales, como la prohibición, en algunas universidades, de investigaciones cuyo único fin es el afán de lucro y, en algunas revistas científicas, de publicar trabajos financiados por ciertas fuentes, así como el rechazo de ciertas tecnologías por razones intelectuales y morales bien fundadas.
La utilidad de los conocimientos inútiles
Authors: Flexner Abraham
Published: January 2020

Abraham Flexner, promotor intelectual del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados de Princeton y quien fuera su director entre 1930 y 1939, publicó este escrito días después del inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando el odio irracional amenazaba a la civilización, así como la democracia hoy peligra bajo el impulso ultra racional de la utilidad inmediata. En este escrito Flexner señala que la vida intelectual y espiritual –propia de los centros donde se busca y se cultiva el conocimiento– es una forma inútil de actividad que brinda mayores satisfacciones de las que se obtendrían de otra manera. Y muestra que la búsqueda de tales satisfacciones es una fuente de utilidad inesperada. El autor argumenta que en la historia de la ciencia los grandes descubridores no han sido motivados por el deseo de ser útiles sino por el de satisfacer su curiosidad. Hoy, cuando la búsqueda de la utilidad práctica e inmediata goza de la más amplia aceptación, sigue siendo relevante preguntar si puede haber una vida plena si se siguen suprimiendo los elementos que le dan significado espiritual, y si nuestra concepción de lo que es útil no es aún más estrecha que en la época de Flexner. Aunque estas preguntas no figuren en la agenda de quienes trazan y siguen, consciente o inconscientemente, las actuales políticas educativas y científicas.
Umur Memengaruhi Volume Semen dan Motilitas Spermatozoa Babi Landrace di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali (AGE AFFECTS SEMEN VOLUME AND MOTILITY OF SPERMATOZOA LANDRACE BOAR’S OF BATURITI ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION CENTER, TABANAN, BALI)
Authors: Sumardani Ni Luh Gde , Budaarsa Komang , Putri Tjok Istri , Puger Antonius Wayan
Published: January 2020

Sperm quality have been associated with age for many years. This study aims to determine the inffluence of age to the volume and motility of Landrace boar’s sperm at Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI) center. A Total of 300 ejaculates were used in this study. An ejaculate origin from five boar are a collection of five month. A complete randomized design (CRD) was used with two different boar of block ages, block A (2-4 year) and block B (6-8 year). Three or four glass slides were prepared for each boar sample; a drop of semen was placed on each glass slides. This sample was examined under the light microscope on five view field in each glass slides. The result of the research show that the Landrace boars in block A have semen volume average 273.60 mL and sperm motility 73.86%, while in block B the average semen volume was 107.66 mL and sperm motility 62.92%. It can be concluded that Landrace boars in block A had higher volume and sperm motility compared to Landrace boars in block B.
Identifikasi Staphylococcus sciuri dan S. hominis pada Ikan Kerapu di Pasar Ikan Kedonganan dengan Analisis Sekuen 16S rRNA
Authors: Besung I Nengah Kerta , Agustiani Ni Komang Eka , Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Kade
Published: January 2020

Grouper are reef fish which can be cultivated because highly commercial value. There are many different types of bacteria in the digestive tract of grouper, one of them is Staphylococcus. Staphylococcus sp. is a Gram positive, non spora, non motile, and facultative anaerobic. Most of Staphylococcus sp. are pathogenic in human and animals. The purpose of this study was to identify the species Staphylococcus sp. on grouper sold at the Kedonganan fish market, Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali Province based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. This study used grouper feces as a samples from 20 fishes. Staphylococcus sp. from feces were cultured in media Blood Agar. Sequence analysis 16S rRNA Staphylococcus sp. was conducted with PCR and sequencing method. This study can identify the bacteria Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus hominis.
11-amino acid peptide imitating the structure of erythropoietin α-helix b improves endothelial function, but stimulates thrombosis in rats.
Authors: Korokin M. V. , Soldatov V. O. , Tietze A. A. , Golubev M. V. , Belykh A. E. , Kubekina M. V. , Puchenkova O. A. , Denisyuk T. A. , Gureyev V. V. , Pokrovskaya T. G. , Gudyrev O. S. , Zhuchenko M. A. , Zatolokina M. A. , Pokrovskiy M. V.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to test whether P-αB can be positioned as a preventing and treating agent for cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on sexually mature male Wistar rats. Endothelial dysfunction was modulated by a 7-days intraperitoneal administration of L-NAME at the dose of 2.5 mg/100 g. P-αB, or erythropoietin (EPO), was used for therapy at the dose of 2.5 µg/100 g × 3 times for 7 days, the total dose was 7.5 µg/100 g. The function of endothelium was estimated by an endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. In addition, a histological assessment of the abdominal aortic wall state and the analysis of eNos, Tnf and Il-1β genes expression were performed. To estimate prothrombotic properties, P-αB and EPO were administered, at the doses of 2.5 and 5 µg/100 g (3 times a day for 7 days, the total doses were 7.5 µg/100 g and 15 µg/100 g, respectively) and on the 8th day, the time of ferric (III) chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis was estimated.

Results. Theresults of the functional tests for endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, as well as the histological picture of the aorta have evidenced that P-αB and EPO do not affect L-NAME-induced hypertension but improve the endothelium function. At the same time, P-αB shows a significantly higher endothelial-protective activity, reducing the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction from 5.1±0.15 to 2.72±0.12. In addition, P-αB has significantly increased the expression of eNos and reduced the expression level of Tnf and Il-1β mRNA genes. Carrying out Ferric (III) chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis has revealed that P-αB (5 µg/100 g × 3 times a day for 7 days, total dose was 15 µg/100 g) has a lower but statistically significant prothrombotic activity than EPO.

Conclusion. P-αB can be positioned as an atheroprotector because of its ability to prevent the death of endothelial cells, as well as to reduce remodeling and proinflammatory activation of the vascular wall. However, the prothrombotic properties of P-αB limit its use as a preventing and treating agent for atherosclerosis-associated diseases.
Structural transformations of thermal burn wounds in rats under the influence of Semax and Selank neuropeptides
Authors: Azhikova A. K. , Feldman B. V. , Andreeva A. A. , Teply D. D. , Samotrueva M. A. , Myasoedov N. F.
Published: January 2020

The morphological features of the skin of rats under the stress exposure, such as burn injury and against the background of the correction by the drugs of the peptide structure, have been studied.

The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effect of the neuropeptide drugs Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) under the conditions of thermal burn exposure.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was integumentary tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissue) of laboratory non-linear male rats (n = 36) excised from the thermal injury zone. A thermal burn of the skin had been caused by the application of a copper object in the interscapular in the interscapular dorsal area. Starting from the first day after the injury, neuropeptide drugs Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-ProGly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) had been administered intraperitoneally at the doses of 100 μg/kg daily during the entire period of the experiment. To assess the condition of the skin tissues, histological sections 5–6 μm thick were prepareв, stained afterwards with hematoxylin and eosin. The consistency of the systemic effect of the neuropeptide drugs was estimated by a change in some indicators of the immune system.

Results. The thermal exposure led to the development of significant degenerative and dystrophic changes in the skin. The recovery of the burn wounds on rats’ skins proceeded according to the type of the delayed partial reparative regeneration, accompanied by destructive phenomena and the formation of the scar tissue.

Under the influence of the drugs based on the regulatory peptides of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-ProGly-Pro), the recovery of burn wounds in rats proceeded more intensively, compared with the animals from the group without any correction. This fact was confirmed by the earlier signs of the beginning of the reparative skin regeneration: the restriction of destructive processes within the epidermis and dermis, the absence of purulent-necrotic complications, the initial phases of granulation and epithelization, an early scab rejection and a partial closure of the defect.

Conclusion. The use of the neuropeptide drugs Semax and Selank as systemic remedies for the correction of wound skin defects in experimental animals proves their polypotent effectiveness, expands the therapeutic possibilities and opens up new prospects for their use.
Renforcer le dialogue en santé globale : connecter les réseaux régionaux de recherche au Sud
Authors: Roger François , De Romémont Aurelle , Binot Aurélie , Loire Étienne , Girard Philippe
Published: January 2020

Dans les pays à moyen ou faible revenu, la mise en œuvre de mesures sanitaires se heurte à de multiples obstacles. Les contraintes sociales, économiques et sectorielles limitent l’utilisation des résultats de la recherche et des recommandations issues des organisations nationales ou internationales. Dans ces pays, les dispositifs de recherche et d’enseignement en partenariat (dP) développés par le Cirad et ses partenaires dans le domaine de la santé apportent une expérience originale. Ces dispositifs, qui sont des réseaux régionaux, mettent en pratique l’intersectorialité en faisant collaborer la recherche, divers secteurs de la société et différentes strates de gouvernance publiques et privées. Ils visent à créer sur le temps long des réseaux d’acteurs et de décideurs et à faciliter l’innovation dans chaque contexte local ou national. Cette expérience est aujourd’hui propice pour renforcer les interactions à un niveau plus global : connecter les réseaux régionaux abordant la santé et construire un dispositif d’envergure mondiale. Pour cela, les dispositifs concernés élaborent ensemble une vision partagée des impacts souhaités et des stratégies pour les atteindre.
Toros
Authors: Gomes Aline Ferreira
Published: January 2020

No extenso acervo de Alair Gomes (1921-1992) mantido pela Biblioteca Nacional no Rio de Janeiro se encontra um conjunto de fotografias realizadas durante suas viagens feitas pela Europa. A série Toros contém 80 fotos que registraram as touradas. É uma série de temática inédita na obra de Gomes, que é mais conhecido por seu conjunto de fotografias das praias cariocas. Em Toros, o fotógrafo busca registrar o confronto entre homem e animal, o perigo iminente de morte. Os registros demarcam o esforço corporal dos toureiros, as formas flexíveis e curvas que aplicam para escapar dos ataques taurinos. As fotografias ainda ressaltam a teatralidade do evento e, além disso, demonstram o interesse explícito de Gomes pelas formas masculinas. Cotejando a iconografia existente sobre o tema: obras de Goya, Picasso e Dali, entre outros, este texto apresentará esses momentos capturados por Gomes, onde se percebe que a tauromaquia, manifestação carregada de elementos estéticos, serviu como terreno propício para Alair Gomes dedicar seu fascínio pelo corpo masculino.
Does Performance Budgeting System Affect Fiscal Performance in OECD Countries?
Authors: Deyneli Fatih
Published: January 2020

Fiscal institutions tend to affect government deficit besides the macroeconomic variables. Fiscal institutions cover all rules and regulations in the budgetary process. Countries already have a standard performance budgeting framework to allocate budget resources. However, some countries don’t connect performance information with budget results, which means that performance information has no effect on the budgetary result if targets are not met.
This article investigates the relationship between budget deficit and performance budgeting system (II). More specifically, our aim is to investigate the relationship between general government deficit and performance budgeting system when there are no budgetary consequences if targets are not met.
For this purpose, the 2016 OECD Performance Budgeting Survey data will be used to define the performance budgeting variables. The results show that countries which have budgetary consequences if targets are not met tend to have a lower government deficit.
Endogenous Firm Location with a Decreasing Density of Consumers
Authors: Harter John
Published: January 2020

This note will use the Hotelling’s line model with a non-uniform distribution of consumers. Instead, a linear, decreasing density is employed to represent a decreasing population density as distance from a metropolitan area is increased along some transportation artery. Entry is sequential, and the number of firms is assumed endogenous after an initial firm is located, making the entrants consider the possibility of later firms. Entrants into this market have neither maximum nor minimum differentiation. Earlier entrants generally locate closer to the population center with the possible exception of the equilibrium location closest to the densest point on the line. The differentiation increases as the firms are farther from the population center.
Exploitation of payday loan users: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Szilagyiova Silvia
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the existence of different forms and underpinning reasons of exploitation at households level. The empirical analysis, based on data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) collected for the purpose of understanding the social and economic change in Britain, aims to identify underpinning factors of mixed conclusions from empirical evidence on the existence of exploitation of payday loan users. This paper goes beyond traditional economic explanation and focuses on factors defining conditional relative advantage exploitation leading to voluntary exploitation. The results suggest that due to an “act in desperation”, current regulations on payday loan lending are powerless and cannot prevent households being voluntary exploited. In addition, results show that increased household financial burden and additional borrowing increase the likelihood of households to take a gamble in order to provide basic needs. The results provide more insight into why current policy regulations fail to tackle the problem of payday loan lending.
FDI, Government Budget and Efficiency of Public Infrastructure Capital
Authors: Varahrami Vida , Novin Vajari Arghavan
Published: January 2020

This paper surveys relation between government budget, foreign direct investment (FDI) and public capital efficiency role in the infrastructure sector for attracting FDI. To achieve this goal, dynamic optimization methods are used for extracting the growth path of public consumption expenditure of government within a neoclassical growth model framework. The results suggest that FDI has a direct and positive effect on the optimal growth rate of public consumption expenditure. In fact, if the government invests more in the infrastructure sector and it is more efficient to attract FDI, the optimal growth rate of public consumption will be higher in long run respect to short run. The equation for the growth rate of public consumption is derived and estimated on the basis of data during the period 1971 - 2014 in Iran.
Association of Serum Magnesium Levels with Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Urine in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease Stage 1 and 2
Authors: Rafsanjani M. Hashemi , Wibisono Sony , Irwanadi Chandra
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The progressiveness of stage 1 and 2 kidney disease is indicated by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by a thuckening of the glomerular basement membrane followed ultimately by progression to glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis. One of the factors that contribute is magnesium levels. This study aimed to determine the association between serum magnesium levels and MMP-9 urine in patients with stage 1 and 2 DKD.Methods: This was a cross sectional study from stage 1 and 2 DKD patients. Patients were examined for serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9. Urine MMP-9 examination was taken from the middle portion urine collection and examined using Sandwich-ELISA method then normalized with urine creatinine. The correlation between magnesium and MMP-9 urine was analyzed by the Spearman rank test.Results: This study involved 56 subjects. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.8 ± 0.26 mg/dL. The mean MMP-9 was 120 ng/g creatinin. The mean value of FBG (fasting blood glucose) in patients in the study was 153.29±50.22 mg/dL. The mean value of PPG (post prandial glucose) was 233.61±71.3 mg/dL. The mean HbA1c value was 7.6±1.13%. The mean creatinin serum value was 1.1±0.43 mg/dL. There was a significant negative relationship with a moderate correlation between serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9 (p = 0.000, r -0.512).Conclusion: There was a significant negative relationship between serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9 in stage 1 and 2 DKD patients.
THE USE OF KINSHIP ANALYSIS ON PATERNITY TESTING THROUGH CODIS STR LOCI ‘CSF1PO’ AND ‘THO1’
Authors: Putri Dwi Fitrianti Arieza , Yudianto Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Paternity tests compare a child’s DNA pattern with the possible father to examine the DNA heritage in ensuring kinship. If there is no information from the father and mother or the child that can be used as a comparison in the forensic DNA examination process (paternity test), there must be a comparison from a close relative as an alternative to obtain the forensic DNA examination. This experiment’s purpose is to analyze the use of kinship analysis in forensic identification especially in a paternity test. Methods: This is a descriptive experiment using a cross-sectional design through locus analysis of DNA forensic examination in paternity test using the kinship analysis through STR CODIS loci: CSF1PO and THO1. The variables of this experiment were ‘locus’ as the independent variable and ‘allele number’ as the dependent variable. This experiment conducted a paternity tests to 8 samples in which the subjects were siblings; the test was administered on the CSF1PO and TH01 loci. Results: This experiment displayed similar allele numbers on the same locus, both in 50% and 100% allele numbers; the research showed similarity in allele numbers of both siblings of which ¼ were inherited  from the parents (for 50% allele number similarity), and ½ were inherited  from the parents (for 100% allele number similarity). Conclusion: This proves that a paternity test using siblings as the closest kin (kinship analysis) can be used as an alternative if no comparison is obtained from both the parents.
La paleta de pintor como herramienta en la formación pictórica = The painter’s palette as a tool in the pictorial formation
Authors: Ruiz Gómez Mª Esperanza Macarena
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se desarrollan los resultados obtenidos en un Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora de la Calidad Docente, concedido por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, con código PIMCD nº 41 titulado “De la paleta al soporte pictórico. Lecciones esenciales en el aprendizaje de la gramática de la Pintura/:yo objetivo principal fue generar material docente complementario como apoyo bibliográfico para diversas asignaturas de carácter obligatorio de pintura, impartidas en 2º de Grado en Bellas Artes, concretamente Procesos de la Pintura y Conformación del Espacio Pictórico, así como generar documentación inédita tanto para alumnos como amantes de la pintura, la cual colabore a que se pueda conocer al pintor de manera más íntima, pudiendo acercarnos un poco más a su trabajo, conociendo por ejemplo qué tipo de paleta utiliza, gamas de colores que maneja, tipos de pinceles, soportes e imprimaciones preferidos.AbstractThis article elaborates on the outcomes of an “Innovation and Improvement of Teaching Quality” project, granted by the Complutense University of Madrid.The PIMCD Nº41 project, titled “From the palette to the pictorial support. Essential lessons in learning the grammar of Painting”, has as its main goal generating and facilitating complementary teaching material in the form of bibliographic support for various compulsory subjects in the Painting track of the second course of the Fine Arts undergraduate program – named “Paint Processes” [Procesos de la Pintura] and “Formation of the Pictorial Space” [Conformación del Espacio Pictórico].In addition, the project aims at generating original documentation accessible by both alumni and art lovers, facilitating a better understanding of the painter’s motivations and closer connection to their art by solving questions such as the why of using a specific palette, range of colors, brush type, supports or primers.
ТРЕНДОВ LIBRARY MARKETING: TRENDS ANALYSIS
Authors: Rykhtorova A. E.
Published: January 2020

Active changes are taking place in determining the place of libraries in cultural, scientific, education and information infrastructures of the society. Assuming, that with the help of marketing it is possible to form public opinion about the specific library as well as about libraries in general, and also obtain support from library stakeholders, increase the visibility of libraries and enlarge the market share, specialists are adjusting marketing to the conditions of libraries’ functioning. The purpose of this study is to justify the importance of introducing marketing policy into the libraries’ activities.
Influence of aronia fruit powder on consumer properties of biscuits
Authors: Kovaleva A. E. , Pyanikova E. A.
Published: January 2020

The results of the influence of the dry powder of the fruits of the Aronia on consumer properties of biscuits, in which wheat flour of the highest grade was replaced with oat flour and, in turn, part of the oat flour - 5, 10 and 15% of fruit powder and cocoa powder are presented. Introduction to the recipe of cocoa powder was due to the fact that the Aroniapowder had a dark color, which turned into grey-green in the baked product, therefore affecting the organoleptic properties of baked biscuit, making it unattractive. This was confirmed experimentally during baking samples of biscuits (sample No. 1). Therefore, to eliminate these drawbacks, cocoa powder was introduced into the recipe in a 1: 1 ratio with Aronia. With an increase in the proportion of applied fruit powder of Aronia, the mass amount of moisture decreased, which can be explained by a decrease in the amount of oat flour used (due to its replacement by fruit powder). By its nature, oatflour contains a large amount of dietary fiber, which has a water-holding capacity, therefore, with a decrease in the amount of oat flout in products, their moisture content decreases. The porosity of the finished product is not affected by the added ingredients, nevertheless, this figure is lower than that of biscuits baked from wheat flour of the highest grade (about 75-80%). Alkalinity in all samples of biscuits was 0.3 degrees. In general, the developed model samples of biscuits with the addition of wild fruit and berry raw materials turned out to be of pretty good quality. According to the results of the analysis of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters for the introduction into mass production, it is possible to recommend samples of biscuits with the addition of 10% of Aronia powder. When establishing expiration dates, it was found that the process of staling proceeds in the samples rather slowly, and the recommended expiration dates for the finished product are 96 hours.
Trends in human resource management in the digital economy
Authors: Salikov Y. A. , Logunova I. V. , Kablashova I. V.
Published: January 2020

The issue of definition of concepts and development of terminology is very important in any science. Definitions and terms that underlie reasoning affect the final results of research. Any term is based on one or another approach or the author’s attitude to the problem under consideration. Currently, a large number of diverse approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic security" are presented in the scientific literature. However, all of them give very inaccurate and scattered representations, in particular, they do not reveal the essence, and nature and functions of the phenomenon under study. In the context of dynamic growth and requirements related to ensuring economic security, the systematization and development of a methodology for hardware support of economic security, according to the authors, is a priority of scientific research in the field of economic security. The article presents the results of research on the development of regional development strategy taking into account the priority factors of economic security. In contrast to the original methodological concept, where the analyzed definition is decomposed into its components (defining, developing, clarifying and supplementing the attributes), in the case of the definition of “economic security”, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to introduce an additional factor - a concrete attribute, since the studied maxim differs very much complex and branched structure and contains a large number of characterizing concepts. Based on the results of the study, as well as the experience obtained by the authors, the directions and recommendations for the formation of the economic security strategy as an integral and system-forming part of the overall strategy of socio-economic development of the region are proposed
Proposta de práticas para obtenção e manutenção de qualificação de empresas incubadas segundo o modelo CERNE
Authors: Chaves Ronald Fonseca , Da Costa Stella Regina Reis
Published: January 2020

O movimento de incubação de empresas tem apresentado grande desenvolvimento nas últimas décadas, tanto em nível nacional como internacional. Nesta direção, seu principal enfoque tem sido a promoção do empreendedorismo, especialmente quando em caráter tecnológico e inovador. Por outro lado, dadas as inúmeras opções de métodos de gestão e organização, as incubadoras de empresas tendem a apresentar resultados muito diversos, levando a questionamentos sobre seu valor para geração de novos negócios. Neste contexto, foi criado o modelo CERNE, apresentando um conjunto de princípios, processos e práticas para sistematizar a gestão das incubadoras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar uma proposta com um conjunto de ações de qualificação para estas empresas, alinhadas ao modelo CERNE. A metodologia de pesquisa foi de caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando um estudo multicasos com as incubadoras de empresas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Como resultado, observou-se uma grande preponderância de serviços personalizados, como forma de qualificação. Quanto às ações, houve um destaque para aquelas voltadas às incubadoras de terceira geração, como geração de netwoking e aceleração dos negócios. Por fim, quanto aos fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS), destacou-se o comprometimento dos empreendedores com as ações de qualificação e a prospecção pelas incubadoras de suas demandas.
Steam Conformance along Horizontal Well with Different Well Configurations of Single Tubing: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Authors: Dong Xiaohu , Liu Huiqing , Lu Ning , Wu Keliu , Wang Kun , Chen Zhangxin
Published: January 2020

Dual-pipe steam injection technique has currently demonstrated technical potential for improving heavy oil recovery. It can effectively delay the occurrence of steam fingering and homogenize the steam injection profile along the horizontal wellbore. In this paper, first, we built a cylindrical wellbore physical model to experimentally study the steam injection profiles of a single-pipe horizontal well and a concentric dual-pipe horizontal well. Thus, the heat and mass transfer behavior of steam along the horizontal wellbore with a single-pipe well configuration and a dual-pipe well configuration was addressed. Subsequently, considering the effect of pressure drops and heat loss, a semianalytical model for the gas/liquid two-phase flow in the horizontal wellbore was developed to numerically match the experimental observation. Next, a sensitivity analysis on the physical parameters and operation properties of a steam injection process was conducted. The effect of the injection fluid type was also investigated. Experimental results indicated that under the same steam injection condition, an application of dual-pipe well configuration can significantly enhance the oil drainage volume by approximately 35% than the single-pipe well configuration. During the experiments, both a temperature distribution and liquid production along the horizontal wellbore were obtained. A bimodal temperature distribution can be observed for the dual-pipe well configuration. From this proposed model, an excellent agreement can be found between the simulation results and the experimental data. Because of the effect of variable mass flowing behavior and pressure drops, the wellbore segment close to the steam outflow point can have a higher heating radius than that far from the steam outflow point. From the results of sensitivity analysis, permeability heterogeneity and steam injection parameters have a tremendous impact on the steam injection profile along the wellbore. Compared with a pure steam injection process, the coinjection of steam and noncondensable gas (NCG) can improve the effective heating wellbore length by more than 25%. This model is also applied to predict the steam conformance of an actual horizontal well in Liaohe Oilfield. This paper presents some information regarding the heat and mass transfer of a dual-pipe horizontal well, as well as imparts some of the lessons learned from its field operation.
Identification of NHXs in Gossypium species and the positive role of GhNHX1 in salt tolerance
Authors: Long Lu , Zhao Jing-Ruo , Guo Dan-dan , Ma Xiao-Nan , Xu Fu-Chun , Yang Wen-Wen , Gao Wei
Published: January 2020

Background: Plant Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are membrane-localized proteins that maintain cellular Na+/K+ and pH homeostasis. Considerable evidence highlighted the critical roles of NHX family in plant development and salt response; however, NHXs in cotton are rarely studied.

Results: The comprehensive and systematic comparative study of NHXs in three Gossypium species was performed. We identified 12, 12, and 23 putative NHX proteins from G. arboreum, G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum, respectively. Phylogenetic study revealed that repeated polyploidization of Gossypium spp. contributed to the expansion of NHX family. Gene structure analysis showed that cotton NHXs contain many introns, which will lead to alternative splicing and help plants to adapt to high salt concentrations in soil. The expression changes of NHXs indicate the possible differences in the roles of distinct NHXs in salt response. GhNHX1 was proved to be located in the vacuolar system and intensively induced by salt stress in cotton. Silencing of GhNHX1 resulted in enhanced sensitivity of cotton seedlings to high salt concentrations, which suggests that GhNHX1 positively regulates cotton tolerance to salt stress.

Conclusion: We characterized the gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of NHX genes from G. arboreum,G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum. Our findings indicated that the cotton NHX genes are regulated meticulously and differently at the transcription level with possible alternative splicing. The tolerance of plants to salt stress may rely on the expression level of a particular NHX, rather than the number of NHXs in the genome. This study could provide significant insights into the function of plant NHXs, as well as propose promising candidate genes for breeding salt-resistant cotton cultivars.
Can the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale be adapted for use in the context of osteoarthritis with general practitioners and physiotherapists?
Authors: O'Brien Daniel William , Bassett Sandra , Clair Valerie Wright St , Siegert Richard
Published: January 2020

Background: Conservative, first-line treatments (exercise, education and weight-loss if appropriate) for hip and knee joint osteoarthritis are underused despite the known benefits. Clinicians’ beliefs can affect the advice and education given to patients, in turn, this can influence the uptake of treatment. In New Zealand, most conservative OA management is prescribed by general practitioners (GPs; primary care physicians) and physiotherapists. Few questionnaires have been designed to measure GPs’ and physiotherapists’ osteoarthritis-related health, illness and treatment beliefs. This study aimed to identify if a questionnaire about low back pain beliefs, the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT), can be adapted to assess GP and physiotherapists’ beliefs about osteoarthritis.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional observational design. Data were collected anonymously from GPs and physiotherapists using an online survey. The survey included a study-specific demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and the PABS-PT questionnaire adapted for osteoarthritis. All data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the PABS-PT data underwent principal factor analysis. Results: In total, 295 clinicians (87 GPs, 208 physiotherapists) participated in this study. The principal factor analysis identified two factors or subscales (categorised as biomedical and behavioural), with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and 0.44, respectively. Conclusions: The biomedical subscale of the PABS-PT appears appropriate for adaptation for use in the context of osteoarthritis, but the low internal consistency of the behavioural subscale suggests this subscale is not currently suitable. Future research should consider the inclusion of additional items to the behavioural subscale to improve internal consistency or look to develop a new, osteoarthritis-specific questionnaire.
Perceptions of pregnant women of reasons for late initiation of antenatal care: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Warri Denis , George Asha
Published: January 2020

Background: Antenatal care serves as a key entry point for a pregnant woman to receive a broad range of services and should be initiated at the onset of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to understand the reasons for the late initiation of antenatal care by pregnant women in Nkwen Baptist Health Centre, Cameroon. Methods: The study applied purposive sampling to recruit eighteen pregnant women and three key informants for data collection through individual interviews. Pregnant women who initiated antenatal care after the first trimester were recruited during antenatal care clinics and were interviewed in a room at the Antenatal Care Unit. Key informants were midwives working at the Antenatal Care Unit. Participation in the study was voluntary. The purpose of the study was explained to participants, and they signed a consent form if they were willing to participate in the research. Data were audio-recorded and analyzed using thematic coding analysis. Results: Pregnant women placed a low value on early antenatal care because they perceived pregnancy to be a normal health condition or to not be a serious issue that required seeking health care. Furthermore, previous positive pregnancy outcomes for which women did not access care made them less motivated to initiate antenatal care early. Participants perceived the booking system to be user-unfriendly and complained of overcrowded conditions, long waiting times and some rude service providers. The cost of services and distance to health facilities that required travel via uncomfortable transport on poor road networks were identified as perceived barriers. The absence of effective community health programmes, perceived lack of support from parents and spouses, fear of bewitchment and stigma due to cultural beliefs about the early initiation of antenatal care were also identified as variables influencing late initiation. Conclusion: Pregnant women lack information on the purpose of early antenatal care. Health facility barriers as well as socio-cultural beliefs have significant influences on the timing of antenatal care initiation. The government of Cameroon should strengthen the health system and implement activities to engage communities in improving care seeking for antenatal care and thereby improving maternal health status of women.
Institutional Strategies as a Mechanism to Rationalize the Negative Effects of the Judicialization of Access to Medicine in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Virginia Oliveira , Provin Mércia Pandolfo , Mota Pedro Augusto Prado , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Amaral Rita Goreti
Published: January 2020

Background: Recently, the Executive Branch and Judiciary in Brazil increased spending due to larger numbers of lawsuits that forced the State to provide health goods and services. This phenomenon, known as health judicialization, has created challenges and required the Executive Branch and Judiciary to create institutional strategies such as technical chambers and departments to reduce the social, economic and political distortions caused by this phenomenon. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two institutional strategies deployed by a Brazilian municipality in order to cope with the economic, social and political distortions caused by the phenomenon of health judicialization regarding access to medicines. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in a capital in the Central-West Region of Brazil. A sample of 511 lawsuits was analyzed. The variables were placed into three groups: the sociodemographic characteristics and the plaintiffs’ disease, the characteristics of the claimed medical products and the institutional strategies. To analyze the effect of the interventions on the total cost of the medicines in the lawsuits, bivariate and multivariate linear regressions with variance were performed. For the categorical outcomes, Poisson regressions were performed with robust variance, using a significance level of 5%. Results: A reduction in the costs of medicines in the lawsuits and of the requests for medicines within the SUS formulary was verified after the deployment of the Department of Assessment of Nonstandardized Medicines (DAMNP) and the Technical Chamber of Health Assessment (CATS); an increase in processed prescriptions from the Brazilian Universal Health System was observed after the deployment of the CATS; and an increase in medicines outside the SUS formulary without a therapeutic alternative was verified after the CATS. Conclusion: The institutional strategies deployed were important tools to reduce the high costs of the medicines in the lawsuits. In addition, they represented a step forward for the State, provided a benefit to society and indicated a potential path for the health and justice systems of other countries that also face problems caused by the judicialization of health.
Comparative analysis of ChIP-exo peak-callers: impact of data quality, read duplication and binding subtypes
Authors: Sharma Vasudha , Majumdar Sharmistha
Published: January 2020

Background: ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-exo has emerged as an important and versatile improvement over conventional ChIP-seq as it reduces the level of noise, maps the transcription factor (TF) binding location in a very precise manner, upto single base-pair resolution, and enables binding mode prediction. Availability of numerous peak-callers for analyzing ChIP-exo reads has motivated the need to assess their performance and report which tool executes reasonably well for the task. Results: This study has focussed on comparing peak-callers that report direct binding events with those that report indirect binding events. The effect of strandedness of reads and duplication of data on the performance of peak-callers has been investigated. The number of peaks reported by each peak-caller is compared followed by a comparison of the annotated motifs present in the reported peaks. The significance of peaks is assessed based on the presence of a motif in top peaks. Indirect binding tools have been compared on the basis of their ability to identify annotated motifs and predict mode of protein-DNA interaction. Conclusion: By studying the output of the peak-callers investigated in this study, it is concluded that the tools that use self-learning algorithms, i.e. the tools that estimate all the essential parameters from the aligned reads, perform better than the algorithms which require formation of peak-pairs. The latest tools that account for indirect binding of TFs appear to be an upgrade over the available tools, as they are able to reveal valuable information about the mode of binding in addition to direct binding. Furthermore, the quality of ChIP-exo reads have important consequences on the output of data analysis.
An exploration of the experiences of professionals supporting patients approaching the end of life in medicines management at home. A qualitative study.
Authors: Wilson Eleanor , Caswell Glenys , Latif Asam , Anderson Claire , Faull Christina , Pollock Kristian
Published: January 2020

Background: The management of medicines towards the end of life can place increasing burdens and responsibilities on patients and families. This has received little attention yet it can be a source of great difficulty and distress patients and families. Dose administration aids can be useful for some patients but there is no evidence for their wide spread use or the implications for their use as patients become increasing unwell.Aim: To explore how healthcare professionals describe the support they provide for patients to manage medications at home at end of life.Methods: Qualitative interview study with thematic analysis. Participants were a purposive sample of 40 community healthcare professionals (including GPs, pharmacists, and specialist palliative care and community nurses) from across two English counties. Results: Healthcare professionals reported a variety of ways in which they tried to support patients to take medications as prescribed. While the paper presents some solutions and strategies reported by professional respondents it was clear from both professional and patient/family caregiver accounts in the wider study that rather few professionals provided this kind of support. Standard solutions offered included: rationalising the number of medications; providing different formulations; explaining what medications were for and how best to take them. Dose administration aids were also regularly provided, and while useful for some, they posed a number of practical difficulties for palliative care. More challenging circumstances such as substance misuse and memory loss required more innovative strategies such as supporting ways to record medication taking; balancing restricted access to controlled drugs and appropriate pain management and supporting patient choice in medication use.Conclusions: The burdens and responsibilities of managing medicines at home for patients approaching the end of life has not been widely recognised or understood. This paper considers some of the strategies reported by professionals in the study, and points to the great potential for a more widely proactive stance in supporting patients and family carers to understand and take their medicines effectively. By adopting tailored, and sometimes, ‘outside the box’ thinking professionals can identify immediate, simple solutions to the problems patients and families experience with managing medicines.
Potential Impacts of the 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline on Chinese Adults and How to Address Them
Authors: Jiao Yundi , Sun Zhaoqing , Xie Yanxia , Zheng Jia , Li Zhao , Guo Xiaofan , Dai Yue , Sun Yingxian , Zheng Liqiang
Published: January 2020

Background: The current analysis was performed to estimate the percentage and number of Chinese adults with hypertension and the percentage and number of Chinese adults recommended to receive pharmacological antihypertensive treatment according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline compared with the same parameters according to the 2010 Chinese guideline. Methods: We use2011 data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A total of 12,499 Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years with complete blood pressure (BP) values were selected for the present analysis. Results: The crude prevalence rates (95% CI) of hypertension according to the definitions from the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and the 2010 Chinese guideline were 58.0% (57.2% to 58.9%) and 25.4% (24.7% to 26.2%), respectively. Moreover, the percentage of the participants recommended to take antihypertensive medications were 31.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Among adults who took antihypertensive medications, 88.8% had above-goal BP levels compared to 53.3%. Overall, 613.3 million Chinese adults (aged ≥ 18 years) met the criteria for hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, and 267.7 million met the criteria according to 2010 Chinese guideline. An additional 28.4 million (2.7%) Chinese adults were recommended to take antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: The present analysis revealed that the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline will result in a substantial increase in the percentage and number of Chinese adults defined as having hypertension and a small increase in the percentage of adults who are recommended to take antihypertensive medications compared to the same parameters based on the 2010 Chinese guideline. More intensive management and antihypertensive medications use are suggested to improve the control rate of hypertension among Chinese adults.