bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Temperature Field of the Tunnel Surrounding Rock in Cold Regions
Authors: Zhang Hui Mei , Cao Hai Bo , Zhang Meng Jun
Published: August 2013

Freeze-thaw disaster is an outstanding problem of geotechnical engineering in cold regions. The temperature field of tunnel surrounding rock in Qilian mountain Osaka hill was calculated according to the transient heat conduction differential equation, meanwhile the freezing conditions of tunnel surrounding rock was forecasted and analyzed after its opening. The study shows that the freeze-thaw environment has a great influence on the temperature distribution of surrounding rock. The tunnel wall and near the mouth of the cave area are more susceptible to the influence of the open ground temperature and air convection, thus the temperature changes violently , but the temperature distribution in surrounding rock tends to be dynamic stable equilibrium as time goes on. The research results can provide a reference for tunnel design and construction in cold regions.
Study on the Performance of Pumice-Straw Composite Concrete
Authors: Sun Jing , Ma Jian Suo , Cai Huan Qin , Bai Run Shan
Published: August 2013

A new kind of concrete was made by the combination of corn stalks which is the main crop in northern China,natural pumice resources and cement. The results show that wrapped cover pretreatment technology can not only greatly reduce the water absorption of pumice and stalks, but also effectively plug up sugars in the corn stalks,which is advantageous to the formation of hardened concrete. The incorporation of the stalks can reduce the apparent density and thermal conductivity of the concrete. The composite concrete characterized by energy-saving and environment protection is worth popularizing.
Soil Stabilization Mechanism in Different Loamy Minerals
Authors: Dmitrieva Tatyana V. , Strokova Valeria V. , Zhernovsky Igor V. , Makarova Natalya V.
Published: August 2013

In this study, it was aimed to research and interpretation of interaction mechanism of stabilizer low-molecular organic complexes with phyllosilicates mineral ingredients of loamy soils. Model adsorbents were investigation by using infrared spectroscopy method. Cation capacity is proposed as the express-evaluation integral characteristic to find out efficiency level structuring of stabilized soil. Prognostic scheme at the usage of the ionic binders for stabilized a road soils with different petrofabric structure is developed. The results of this investigation can be used as a basis for creation of road-construction material with high-performance characteristics.
Research on Comprehensive Mechanized Efficient Construction Technology of Large Section Shaft in Hecaogou Mine
Authors: Kong Jie , Liu Qing Shu , Zhu Yi Qi , Chen Peng , An Hang
Published: August 2013

With the mine shafts section and length increasing constantly, artificial shaft driving speed does not meet the need of modern large coal mines production and construction, using a set of comprehensive mechanized equipment to drive shaft is imperative. The length of bedrock section of auxiliary inclined shaft in Hecaogou mine is 1533.7m. The area of driving section is 21.6m2, belongs to large section super-long shaft. Hecaogou mine took the advantage of shafts comprehensive mechanized equipment, using high power EBZ318H fully-mechanized coal winning machine to drive, with scientific management method, realized safe and high-speed driving of inclined shaft, achieved good results that the highest speed was 227m per month, the effect was obviously. It has an actively practical meaning for other large section super-long shaft.
Analysis of the Influence of the Original Machining Errors on the Follower Motion of the Globoidal Cam
Authors: Sun Shu Wen , Yang Wang , Bu Fan Hua , Yang Jian Wu
Published: August 2013

For finding the influence of the original errors on the follower of the globoidal cam, vector analysis method is used. Seven original errors are defined by analyzing the machine tool and the mathematics models between the follower angular displacement errors and the original errors are established. When the original errors are designed as 0.01, the relationship curves between the largest follower angular displacement errors and the cam angles are got. The error influence coefficients between the largest follower angular displacement errors and the original errors are established on that basis. The results of this study lay the theoretical foundation of the design of the machine tool precision index system and the adjustment of the cam processing.
Numerical Simulation for Conjugated Heat Transfer in Concentric Tube Recuperator with Longitudinal Fins
Authors: Liu Ming Hui , Zhang Cui Zhen , Yang Mo
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a conjugated heat transfer problem of conduction and convection in the concentric tubes with longitudinal fins was studied by means of numerical simulation. 3D temperature and fluid flow fields were simulated for three-split concentric tube recuperator with longitudinal fins for laminar fluid flow. The numerical simulation results show that the ratio of , which is the function of the angle of fins and axis, and solid thermal conductivity, decreases quickly as longitudinal length increases. If the conduit is long enough, the ratio of can be neglected. The ratio of Nusselt number and the ratio of friction factor increase as the angle of fins and axis increases, and the ratio of Nusselt number increases more quickly than that of the friction factor for the same angle.
Effect of Parallel Misalignment in a 9GHz Open Coaxial Resonator
Authors: Xie Yong Chao
Published: August 2013

The effect of inner-rod parallel misalignment in a 9-GHz open coaxial resonator is studied by means of the software CST microwave studio. Results show that the parallel misalignments between the inner rod and outer wall have substantial influences on the field profile, resonant frequency, and Q factors of an open coaxial resonator. So in the practical of engineering applications, we should try to avoid the occurrence of eccentric between the inner rod and outer wall due to technological factors.
Characteristics of Arctic low-tropospheric humidity inversions based on radio soundings
Authors: Nygård T. , Valkonen T. , Vihma T.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Humidity inversions have a high potential importance in the Arctic climate system, especially for cloud formation and maintenance, in wide spatial and temporal scales. Here we investigate the climatology and characteristics of humidity inversions in the Arctic, including their spatial and temporal variability, sensitivity to the methodology applied and differences from the Antarctic humidity inversions. The study is based on data of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) from 36 Arctic stations between the years 2000–2009. The results indicate that humidity inversions are nearly all the time present on multiple levels in the Arctic atmosphere. Almost half (48%) of the humidity inversions were found at least partly within the same vertical layer with temperature inversions, whereas the existence of the other half may, at least partly, be linked to uneven vertical distribution of horizontal moisture transport. A high atmospheric surface pressure was found to increase the humidity inversion occurrence, whereas relationships between humidity inversion properties and cloud cover were generally relatively weak, although for some inversion properties systematic. The statistics of Arctic humidity inversion properties, especially inversion strength, depth and base height, proved to be very sensitive to the instruments and methodology applied. For example, the median strength of the strongest inversion in a profile was twice as large as the median of all Arctic inversions. The most striking difference between the Arctic and Antarctic humidity inversions was the much larger range of the seasonal cycle of inversion properties in the Arctic. Our results offer a baseline for validation of weather prediction and climate models and also encourage for further studies on humidity inversions due to the vital, but so far poorly understood, role of humidity inversions in Arctic cloud processes.
Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE)
Authors: Hall B. D. , Engel A. , Mühle J. , Elkins J. W. , Artuso F. , Atlas E. , Aydin M. , Blake D. , Brunke E.-G. , Chiavarini S. , Fraser P. J. , Happell J. , Krummel P. B. , Levin I. , Loewenstein M. , Maione M. , Montzka S. A. , O'Doherty S. , Reimann S. , Rhoderick G. , Saltzman E. S. , Scheel H. E. , Steele L. P. , Vollmer M. K. , Weiss R. F. , Worthy D. , Yokouchi Y.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) was conducted to document relationships between calibration scales among various laboratories that measure atmospheric greenhouse and ozone depleting gases. Six stainless steel cylinders containing natural and modified natural air samples were circulated among 19 laboratories. Results from this experiment reveal relatively good agreement among commonly used calibration scales for a number of trace gases present in the unpolluted atmosphere at pmol mol−1 (parts per trillion) levels, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Some scale relationships were found to be consistent with those derived from bi-lateral experiments or from analysis of atmospheric data, while others revealed discrepancies. The transfer of calibration scales among laboratories was found to be problematic in many cases, meaning that measurements tied to a common scale may not, in fact, be compatible. These results reveal substantial improvements in calibration over previous comparisons. However there is room for improvement in communication and coordination of calibration activities with respect to the measurement of halogenated and related trace gases.
Proportional loss functions for debris flow events
Authors: Rheinberger C. M. , Romang H. E. , Bründl M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Quantitative risk assessments of debris flows and other hydrogeological hazards require the analyst to predict damage potentials. A common way to do so is by use of proportional loss functions. In this paper, we analyze a uniquely rich dataset of 132 buildings that were damaged in one of five large debris flow events in Switzerland. Using the double generalized linear model, we estimate proportional loss functions that may be used for various prediction purposes including hazard mapping, landscape planning, and insurance pricing. Unlike earlier analyses, we control for confounding effects of building characteristics, site specifics, and process intensities as well as for overdispersion in the data. Our results suggest that process intensity parameters are the most meaningful predictors of proportional loss sizes. Cross-validation tests suggest that the mean absolute prediction errors of our models are in the range of 11%, underpinning the accurateness of the approach.
Local land-use change based risk estimation for future glacier lake outburst flood
Authors: Nussbaumer S. , Huggel C. , Schaub Y. , Walz A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Effects of climate change are particularly strong in high-mountain regions. Most visibly, glaciers are shrinking at a rapid pace, and as a consequence, glacier lakes are forming or growing. At the same time the stability of mountain slopes is reduced by glacier retreat, permafrost thaw and other factors, resulting in an increasing risk of landslides which can potentially impact lakes and therewith trigger far reaching and devastating outburst floods. To manage risks from existing or future lakes, strategies need to be developed to plan in time for adequate risk reduction measures at a local level. However, methods to assess risks from future lake outbursts are not available. It is actually a challenge to develop methods to evaluate both, future hazard potential and future damage potential. Here we present an analysis of future risks related to glacier lake outbursts for a local site in southern Switzerland (Naters, Valais). To estimate two hazard scenarios, we used glacier shrinkage and lake formation modelling, simple flood modelling and field work. Further we developed a land-use model to quantify and allocate land-use changes based on local-to-regional storylines and three scenarios of land-use driving forces. Results are conceptualized in a matrix of three land-use and two hazard scenarios for a time period of 2045, and show the distribution of risk in the community of Naters, including high and very high risk areas. The study corroborates the importance of land-use planning to effectively reduce future risks related to lake outburst floods.
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas
Authors: Petty A. A. , Holland P. R. , Feltham D. L.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. An ocean mixed layer model has been incorporated into the Los Alamos sea ice model CICE to investigate regional variations in the surface-driven formation of Antarctic shelf waters. This model captures well the expected sea ice thickness distribution, and produces deep (> 500 m) mixed layers in the Weddell and Ross shelf seas each winter. This results in the complete destratification of the water column in deep southern coastal regions (leading to HSSW formation) and also in some shallower regions (no HSSW formation) of these seas. Shallower mixed layers are produced in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas. By deconstructing the surface power input to the mixed layer, we show that the freshwater flux from sea ice growth/melt dominates the evolution of the mixed layer in all seas, with a smaller contribution from the surface heat flux. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas receive an annual surplus of energy at the surface, the Amundsen shelf sea energy input in autumn/winter is balanced by energy extraction in spring/summer, and the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences an annual surface energy deficit, through both a low energy input in autumn/winter and the highest energy loss in spring/summer. An analysis of the sea ice mass balance demonstrates the contrasting mean ice growth, melt and export in each region. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas have the highest annual ice growth, with a large fraction exported northwards each year, whereas the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences the highest annual ice melt, driven by the advection of ice from the northeast. A linear regression analysis is performed to determine the temporal and spatial correlations between the autumn/winter mixed layer power input and several atmospheric variables. The temporal mean Weddell and Ross autumn/winter power input shows stronger spatial correlation to several atmospheric variables compared to the Amundsen and Bellingshausen. In contrast the spatial mean autumn/winter power input shows stronger temporal correlation to several atmospheric variables, in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen. All regions show strong temporal correlation between the autumn/winter surface power input and the meridional wind speed except the Ross, which instead shows moderate correlation to the zonal wind speed. Further regressions demonstrate that this is probably due to the Ross shelf-sea geometry and impact of the ocean turning angle on ice motion, with a more zonal (eastward) wind preventing ice build up along the Cape Adare coast in the eastern Ross shelf sea, increasing ice export.
The Clinical Significance of Duodenal Lymphocytosis With Normal Villus Architecture
Authors: Hammer Suntrea T. G. , Greenson Joel K.
Published: August 2013

Context.—The finding of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes with normal villous architecture (Marsh I lesion) is seen in up to 3% of duodenal biopsies. The differential diagnosis includes a wide range of possibilities, including celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug damage, reaction to Helicobacter pylori infection, tropical sprue, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives.—To highlight the histologic features of the Marsh I lesion, review the diseases and conditions associated with that finding, and to provide pathologists with a rationale and a template for how to identify and report such cases.

Data Sources.—A review of the literature regarding the histologic features and clinical associations of Marsh I lesions.

Conclusions.—Marsh I lesions are a nonspecific finding associated with a number of disease conditions. Historically, between 9% and 40% of cases have been shown to represent celiac disease. Current data do not suggest histologic features to differentiate between diseases associated with this histologic change.
Systemic Mastocytosis Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract: Case Report and Review
Authors: Behdad Amir , Owens Scott R.
Published: August 2013

Mastocytosis is rare, and is actually a heterogeneous group of diseases that may only involve the skin (urticaria pigmentosa) or that may have a systemic presentation with multiorgan involvement. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be affected and symptoms related to GI involvement are often nonspecific. The diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis with primarily GI presentation can be challenging and requires familiarity with this entity and a high index of suspicion. We report a case of systemic mastocytosis primarily diagnosed by the recognition of small intestinal and colonic involvement and review the diagnostic criteria, histopathology, and recent developments regarding this entity.
Pancreatoblastoma: A Rare, Adult Pancreatic Tumor With Many Faces
Authors: Hammer Suntrea T. G. , Owens Scott R.
Published: August 2013

Pancreatoblastomas are malignant epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas that are heterogeneous and have variable cellular differentiation, complicating the diagnosis. We report a case of pancreatoblastoma occurring in an adult patient, presenting as a pancreatic head mass with liver metastasis and jaundice. The initial liver biopsy diagnosis was metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma based on morphology and synaptophysin positivity. At pancreatic resection, the diagnostic features of pancreatoblastoma were recognized. We review the radiologic and pathologic differential diagnosis, histologic heterogeneity, clinical presentation, and associated genetic syndromes for this unusual tumor that can mimic other types of pancreatic neoplasia.
Thinking Barcelona
Authors: Illas Edgar
Published: August 2013

Thinking Barcelona studies the ideological work that redefined Barcelona during the 1980s and adapted the city to a new economy of tourism, culture, and services. The 1992 Olympic Games offered to the municipal government a double opportunity to establish an internal consensus and launch Barcelona as a happy combination of European cosmopolitanism and Mediterranean rootedness. The staging of this municipal “euphoric postpolitics,” which entailed an extensive process of urban renewal, connects with the similarly exultant contexts of a reviving Catalan nation, post-transitional Spain, and post-Cold War globalization. The transformation of Barcelona, in turn, contributed to define the ideologies of globalization, as the 1992 Games were among the first global mega-events that celebrated the neoliberal “end of history.” Three types of materials are examined: political speeches and scripts of the Olympic ceremonies, with special focus on Xavier Rubert de Ventós’s screenplay for the reception of the flame in Empúries; the urban renewal of Barcelona directed by architect Oriol Bohigas; and fictional narratives by Quim Monzó, Francisco Casavella, Eduardo Mendoza, and Sergi Pàmies. This juxtaposition of heterogeneous materials pursues some type of postdisciplinary decoding linked to a strictly Marxist premise: the premise that correlations between different superstructural elements shed light on the economic instance. In this study, Barcelona emerges as a singular conjuncture overdetermined by global capitalism, but is also a space to reflect on three main problematics of postmodern globalization: the spectralization of the social in a fully commodified world; the contradiction between cosmopolitanism and the state; and the vanishing essence of the city.
A aquisição de uma empresa brasileira como estratégia de internacionalização de uma multinacional fabricante de material elétrico: o processo e principais resultados
Authors: Sperandio Milan Gabriel , Ecker Alex , Côrrea de Mello Cláudio Baltazar , Giovanella Rafael
Published: August 2013

Para ser capaz de acompanhar um mundo em que os negócios estão submetidos a mudanças contínuas e ao acirramento da concorrência, a busca por alternativas para superar o crescimento dos competidores é algo essencial. Nesse sentido, as empresas multinacionais vêm se utilizando da estratégia de internacio- nalização de suas operações, principalmente por meio da aquisição de outras empresas, como uma alter- nativa recorrente. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de aquisição de uma empresa da Serra Gaúcha por uma multinacional europeia, fabricante de material elétrico, tendo como foco as motivações para tal aquisição, suas etapas, os processos relativos à aprendizagem e as dificuldades ocorridas na adaptação entre as organizações adquirente e adquirida. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de caso único, implementado a partir de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, com uma abordagem semiestruturada, mediante a aplicação de um roteiro básico de questões, e que foram sub- metidas a uma análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados, identificou-se um processo de transição tranquilo, bem conduzido por parte da multinacional, não criando traumas, retendo e utilizando os talen- tos da empresa adquirida, reforçando a internacionalização de suas operações e, consequentemente, sua expansão no mercado mundial.
Dissolution and stability of chitosan in a sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xia Wenshui
Published: August 2013

Medium‐molecular‐weight chitosan (MMWC; 157.5 kDa) and low‐molecular‐weight chitosan (LMWC; 53.4 kDa) samples were dissolved in an NaOH/urea solution by freeze–thaw treatment. The factors affecting dissolution were optimized, and the stability of chitosan in the produced solution was investigated. NaOH and urea concentrations of 2 and 0.67 mol/L, respectively, and a treatment temperature of −18°C were optimized as the dissolving conditions. MMWC and LMWC could be completely dissolved in the 2 mol/L NaOH/0.67 mol/L urea solution after six and five cycles of freeze–thaw treatments, respectively. Dissolution and storage in the 2 mol/L NaOH/0.67 mol/L urea solution slightly increased the deacetylation degree of chitosan and slightly decreased the molecular weight. The solution stability of LMWC was better than that of MMWC. MMWC tended to form a gel during storage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39819.
ChemInform Abstract: Newly Found Phase Transition and Mechanical Stability of AuAl2: A First‐Principles Study.
Authors: Cui Shouxin , Wei Dong‐Qing , Zhang Qingming , Gong Zizheng , Hu Haiquan
Published: August 2013

Structural and mechanical stability of the intermetallic phase AuAl2 are studied by first‐principles DFT pseudopotential calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Sidorenkite (Na3MnPO4CO3): A New Intercalation Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Ceder Gerbrand , et al. et al.
Published: August 2013

Na3MnPO4CO3 is synthesized from aqueous solutions of Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, and Na2CO3 (Ar, 120 °C, 4—72 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, 23Na MAS NMR spectroscopy, XANES, electrochemical measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Polymorph of Mo3S4 Prepared Using a High‐Pressure Synthesis Technique: Crystal Structure, Electronic Property, and Band Calculation.
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Masuoka Kumi , Hanaoka Teruhiko , Inumaru Kei
Published: August 2013

A new polymorph of Mo3S4 is synthesized from a mixture of Mo and S in the molar ratio of 3:4 (h‐BN cell, 13 GPa, 1450 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD, electrical resistivity measurements, and LAPW electronic band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Alkyl Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos Emilio , Macia Beatriz , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2013

An efficient enantioselective catalytic system for the addition of alkyl Grignard reagents to a variety of aliphatic aldehydes such as (I) and (IV) with good yields and enantioselectivities is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentafulvene‐Derived η3‐Allyltitanocenes as Intermediates for the Stereoselective Functionalization of 5‐Membered Carbocycles.
Authors: Joseph Jomy , Jaroschik Florian , Radhakrishnan K. V. , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan
Published: August 2013

Allyltitanocene complexes, generated by reacting pentafulvalenes with DIBAL‐H and TiCl2(Cp)2 react with aldehydes to afford homoallylic alcohols in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Hydrosilylation of Tertiary Amides to Amines by an in situ Formed Iron/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst.
Authors: Volkov Alexey , Buitrago Elina , Adolfsson Hans
Published: August 2013

Attempted reduction of primary or secondary benzamides using this protocol is mentioned to fail.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Auto‐Tandem Catalysis with a Planar‐Chiral Ruthenium Complex: Sequential Allylic Amidation and Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka
Published: August 2013

The reaction of allylic chlorides with amides includes the use of CPR as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Liu Tsung‐Jui , Yi Chih‐Lun , Chan Chien‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: August 2013

Aromatic and aliphatic thiols can be applied in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Indolylphosphines as Ligand for Palladium in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Chloroarenes: Substituent Effects.
Authors: Saha Debajyoti , Ghosh Raju , Sarkar Amitabha
Published: August 2013

Two new indolylphosphines are successfully applied as ligands in the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of boronic acids (II) with chloroarenes (I) or benzyl chlorides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Plasmonic Harvesting of Light Energy for Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Chuanhao , Chen Huanjun , Jiang Ruibin , Sun Ling‐Dong , Li Quan , Wang Jianfang , Yu Jimmy C. , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: August 2013

Sunlight catalyzes Suzuki‐reactions in the presence of catalysts constructed from Au nanocrystal cores and tightly bonded Pd nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone or Cyclopentanone to Chalcones Catalyzed by an L‐Proline‐Based Organic Phosphane.
Authors: Liu Lingyan , Zhu Yunna , Huang Kaimeng , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: August 2013

The reaction of cyclohexanone proceeds with excellent dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosized Pd(0)—Arabinogalactan Composites as Catalysts in the Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Parshina L. N. , Tantsyrev A. P. , Grishchenko L. A. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: August 2013

First time, the new catalyst system consisting of Pd(0) nanoparticles stabilized by arabinogalactan polysaccharide matrix composites is employed for the cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes with (het)aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Achieving Vinylic Selectivity in Mizoroki—Heck Reaction of Cyclic Olefins.
Authors: Wu Xiaojin , Lu Yunpeng , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong
Published: August 2013

Cyclic olefins of various ring size add aryl groups to the vinylic position with excellent selectivity using a palladium—hydride catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Naphthol in Glycerol: A Versatile Pair for Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Aminonaphthols, Naphtho‐1,3‐oxazines, and Benzoxanthenes.
Authors: Ganesan Subramaniapillai Selva , Rajendran Narendran , Sundarakumar Sankahr Ilathur , Ganesan Asaithampi , Pemiah Brindha
Published: August 2013

Glycerol is described as useful solvent for the rapid one‐pot synthesis of Betti bases without the need for any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Gold and Photoredox Catalysis: Visible Light‐Mediated Oxy‐ and Aminoarylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Sahoo Basudev , Hopkinson Matthew N. , Glorius Frank
Published: August 2013

The novel title dual‐catalytic system gives access to a wide range of different arylated heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphate Magnesium Complexes: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Li Guilong , Liang Tao , Wojtas Lukasz , Antilla Jon C.
Published: August 2013

This is a mild and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles, a core structure of many natural products, e.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Mediated Intramolecular Conjugation of Alkyl Halides with Electron‐Deficient Olefins: Facile Synthesis of Chromans and Relevant Analogues.
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Bo , Wang Peng , Liao Saihu , Tang Yong
Published: August 2013

Direct intramolecular coupling of two electrophiles (alkyl halides with electron‐deficient C—C double bonds) is realized in a PPh3‐mediated intramolecular conjugate addition.
ChemInform Abstract: meta‐Selective C—H Bond Alkylation with Secondary Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Hofmann Nora , Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2013

This is the first example of a metal‐catalyzed highly meta‐selective direct C—H bond alkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted and 3‐Substituted Piperidines Through a Bromoaminocyclization Process.
Authors: Zhou Ling , Tay Daniel Weiliang , Chen Jie , Leung Gulice Yiu Chung , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: August 2013

The catalytic enantioselective bromocyclization of olefinic amides (I) using quinine‐derived amino‐thiocarbamates as catalyst results in the formation of enantioenriched 2‐substituted 3‐bromopiperidines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐acridine Derivatives Exhibiting Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Sondhi Sham M. , Kumar Sandeep , Rani Reshma , Chakraborty Ajanta , Roy Partha
Published: August 2013

Among the synthesized compounds, derivative (IIId) exhibits antiinflammatory activity higher than the standard drug ibuprofen.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Substituted 2‐Oxopyridine‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocycles via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wang Zewei , Sun Tianqi , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: August 2013

The access to perfluoroalkylated 2‐pyridones via a three‐component one‐pot synthesis employing diamines, dithioacetals, and perfluoroalkynoates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Functionalized Quinoxaline N‐Oxides. Part 1. Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives by Selective Modification of 3‐Chloro‐6‐fluoroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one 4‐Oxide.
Authors: Maichrowski Jan , Gjikaj Mimoza , Huebner Eike G. , Bergmann Baerbel , Mueller Ingrid B. , Kaufmann Dieter E.
Published: August 2013

Polyfunctionalized quinoxaline N‐oxides are derived from building block (III), which is obtained on a multigram scale by a one‐step annulation reaction of fluoroaniline (I) with trichloronitroethene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Study of Chiral α‐Hydroxy‐H‐phosphinates Based on Proline Catalysis.
Authors: Yao Qiuli , Yuan Chengye
Published: August 2013

Conversions of α‐acylphosphinates with acetone give diastereomeric mixtures which are difficult to separate.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanophotocatalysts via Microwave‐Assisted Solution‐Phase Synthesis for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Pan Likun , Liu Xinjuan , Sun Zhuo , Sun Chang Q.
Published: August 2013

Review: 514 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Reactivity of Zeolite‐Supported Rh Complexes
Authors: Vityuk Artem D. , Alexeev Oleg S. , Amiridis Michael D.
Published: August 2013

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulk Synthesis of Iron‐Based Superconductors
Authors: Sefat Athena S.
Published: August 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of Decahydroquinoline Ring Systems: The Case of Lepadin Alkaloids
Authors: Pelss A. , Koskinen A. M. P.
Published: August 2013

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Process and Development of Metal Aminoborane
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Man Tian‐Tian , Wu Man , Chen Chun‐Chun
Published: August 2013

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol‐Addition Reactions and Their Applications in Thiol Recognition
Authors: Yin Caixia , Huo Fangjun , Zhang Jingjing , Martinez‐Manez Ramon , Yang Yutao , Lv Haigang , Li Sidian
Published: August 2013

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Porous Nanocapsules.
Authors: Wang Youqing , Han Baohang
Published: August 2013

Review: synthesis using different cross‐linkers and preparation methods; 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Organometallic Copper(III) Complexes in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Casitas Alicia , Ribas Xavi
Published: August 2013

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide Using Catalysts Based on Molecular Sieves
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Weitao , Han Buxing
Published: August 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Palladium‐catalysed Intramolecular Wacker‐Type Cyclisations of Unsaturated Alcohols and Amino Alcohols
Authors: Dohanosova Jana , Gracza Tibor
Published: August 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Immobilized Enzymes for Industrial Applications
Authors: Liese Andreas , Hilterhaus Lutz
Published: August 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Biocompatible Supramolecular Assemblies for Biomolecular Detection and Delivery
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Li‐Li , Ma Horse L. , Wang Hao
Published: August 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Chemical Imaging Using Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Critical Review
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Opilik Lothar , Blum Carolin , Zenobi Renato
Published: August 2013

Review: 129 refs.
Infratemporal fossa approach type a with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension for Fisch type C2 to C4 tympanojugular paragangliomas
Authors: Sanna Mario , Shin Seung‐Ho , Piazza Paolo , Pasanisi Enrico , Vitullo Francesca , Di Lella Filippo , Bacciu Andrea
Published: August 2013

Background

The classic infratemporal fossa type A approach (IFTA‐A) permits superior and anterior exposure of the jugular foramen. The transcondylar‐transtubercular extension facilitates posteroinferior and medial access to the jugular foramen. The purpose of this study was to present the IFTA‐A with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension and to assess its surgical results.

Methods

A review of patients with tympanojugular paraganglioma who underwent resection through the IFTA‐A with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension was performed.

Results

In all, 39 patients were included in the study. The average follow‐up was 23.6 months. Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 87.2% of the cases and there was evidence of recurrence in 5.9% of this group.

Conclusion

The transcondylar‐transtubercular extension of the classic IFTA‐A is aimed at making the excision of Fisch type C2 to C4 tympanojugular paragangliomas simpler and safer by drilling out one third of the lateral part of the occipital condyle and removing the jugular process and jugular tubercle. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1581–1588, 2014
Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Wei , Long Guoxian , Wang Junfeng , Mei Qi , Liu Dongbo , Hu Guoqing
Published: August 2013

Background

Various studies have assessed the prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but their results remain controversial.

Methods

Studies published up to January 2013 were collected. A total of 16 studies involving 1179 patients were reviewed. A meta‐analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of EGFR in patients with NPC. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed‐effects or random‐effects models.

Results

EGFR overexpression had significantly poor effect on overall survival (OS; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.25–2.77), disease‐free survival (DFS; HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.66–3.04) and locoregional control (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.71–5.02). However, the association between EGFR overexpression and distant metastasis–free survival was not statistically significant (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.72–2.67).

Conclusion

EGFR overexpression can be a prognostic factor for patients with NPC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1508–1516, 2014
Prospective study of 583 neck dissections in oral cancers: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Pantvaidya Gouri H. , Pal Pooja , Vaidya Abhishek D. , Pai Prathamesh S. , D'Cruz Anil K.
Published: August 2013

Background

Determining the level of nodal metastases may help decrease the extent of neck dissections and reduce morbidity.

Methods

A prospective study of neck dissections in patients with oral cancer was conducted. Each nodal level was delineated, sent for histopathology, and reported level‐wise. Incidence of overall and isolated metastatic nodes at different levels was calculated. Logistic regression was used to find factors predicting metastases to levels IIB and V.

Results

Five hundred eighty‐three neck dissections were prospectively evaluated. A total of 95.7% metastases occurred at levels I to IV. Overall incidence of metastases to levels IIB and V was 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed IIA positivity as an independent predictive factor for metastases to both IIB and V.

Conclusion

This study of lymph node mapping in patients with oral cancer showed a predictable pattern of lymph node metastasis according to primary site. Selective neck dissection (levels I–IV) in patients with oral cancers may be adequate. Determining status of level IIA is important to guide dissection of levels IIB and V. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1503–1507, 2014
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Hepatocytes Participates in Steatohepatitis Through Regulation of Cell Death and Lipid Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Yang Ling , Roh Yoon Seok , Song Jingyi , Zhang Bi , Liu Cheng , Loomba Rohit , Seki Ekihiro
Published: August 2013

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling activates Smad- and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-dependent signaling to regulate cell survival, proliferation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. The effects of TGF-β signaling on metabolic syndrome, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, remain elusive. Wild-type (WT) and hepatocyte-specific TGF-β receptor type II-deficient (

Tgfbr2ΔHEP

) mice were fed a choline-deficient amino acid (CDAA)-defined diet for 22 weeks to induce NASH. WT mice fed a CDAA diet displayed increased activation of Smad2/3 and had marked lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis; in comparison,

Tgfbr2ΔHEP

mice fed a CDAA diet had suppressed liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Both palmitate-induced steatotic hepatocytes and hepatocytes isolated from WT mice fed a CDAA diet had increased susceptibility to TGF-β-mediated death. TGF-β-mediated death in steatotic hepatocytes was inhibited by silencing

Smad2

or blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and was enhanced by inhibiting TAK1 or nuclear factor kappa B. Increased hepatic steatosis in WT mice fed a CDAA diet was associated with the increased expression of lipogenesis genes (

Dgat1

and

Srebp1c

), whereas the decreased steatosis in

Tgfbr2ΔHEP

mice was accompanied by the increased expression of genes involved in β-oxidation (

Cpt1

and

Acox1

). In combination with palmitate treatment, TGF-β signaling promoted lipid accumulation with induction of lipogenesis-related genes and suppression of β-oxidation-related genes in hepatocytes. Silencing

Smad2

decreased TGF-β-mediated lipid accumulation and corrected altered gene expression related to lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Finally, we confirmed that livers from patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) displayed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3.

Conclusions

: TGF-β signaling in hepatocytes contributes to hepatocyte death and lipid accumulation through Smad signaling and ROS production that promote the development of NASH. (Hepatology 2014;59:483–495)
Triacetin‐based acetate supplementation as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant therapy in glioma
Authors: Tsen Andrew R. , Long Patrick M. , Driscoll Heather E. , Davies Matthew T. , Teasdale Benjamin A. , Penar Paul L. , Pendlebury William W. , Spees Jeffrey L. , Lawler Sean E. , Viapiano Mariano S. , Jaworski Diane M.
Published: August 2013

Cancer is associated with epigenetic (i.e., histone hypoacetylation) and metabolic (i.e., aerobic glycolysis) alterations. Levels of N‐acetyl‐l‐aspartate (NAA), the primary storage form of acetate in the brain, and aspartoacylase (ASPA), the enzyme responsible for NAA catalysis to generate acetate, are reduced in glioma; yet, few studies have investigated acetate as a potential therapeutic agent. This preclinical study sought to test the efficacy of the food additive Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate, GTA) as a novel therapy to increase acetate bioavailability in glioma cells. The growth‐inhibitory effects of GTA, compared to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA), were assessed in established human glioma cell lines (HOG and Hs683 oligodendroglioma, U87 and U251 glioblastoma) and primary tumor‐derived glioma stem‐like cells (GSCs), relative to an oligodendrocyte progenitor line (Oli‐Neu), normal astrocytes, and neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. GTA was also tested as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant with temozolomide (TMZ) in orthotopically grafted GSCs. GTA‐induced cytostatic growth arrest in vitro comparable to Vorinostat, but, unlike Vorinostat, GTA did not alter astrocyte growth and promoted NSC expansion. GTA alone increased survival of mice engrafted with glioblastoma GSCs and potentiated TMZ to extend survival longer than TMZ alone. GTA was most effective on GSCs with a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Given that GTA has been chronically administered safely to infants with Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy due to ASPA mutation, GTA‐mediated acetate supplementation may provide a novel, safe chemotherapeutic adjuvant to reduce the growth of glioma tumors, most notably the more rapidly proliferating, glycolytic and hypoacetylated mesenchymal glioma tumors.
Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement
Authors: Boroujeni Nariman Mansouri , Zhou Huan , Luchini Timothy J. F. , Bhaduri Sarit B.
Published: August 2013

In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4]/phosphorylated chitosan (p‐chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. The cement pastes showed desirable handling properties, injectability, and washout resistance. The incorporation of p‐chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p‐chitosan. On the other hand, higher p‐chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3‐E1. An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA–p‐chitosan. The results show that both the materials are as cytocompatible as hydroxyapatite. Based on these results, DCPA–p‐chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 260–266, 2014.
Oxidation Behavior of Low Carbon Steel at Elevated Temperature in Oxygen and Water Vapor
Authors: Yun Jung‐Yeul , Ha Sang‐An , Kang Chang‐Yong , Wang Jei‐Pil
Published: August 2013

Oxidation behavior of low carbon steel was investigated in oxygen and water vapor using continuous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of temperature, oxygen pressure, and water vapor content on the oxidation of the steel was studied. The morphology, composition, and microstructure of oxides formed in moist atmosphere were examined and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). The oxidation mechanism was discussed based on oxidation rate, oxide defects, and microstructure of the substrate and oxide layers.
Prevalence, potential risk factors for development and symptoms related to the presence of uterine niches following Cesarean section: systematic review
Authors: Bij de Vaate A. J. M. , van der Voet L. F. , Naji O. , Witmer M. , Veersema S. , Brölmann H. A. M. , Bourne T. , Huirne J. A. F.
Published: August 2013

Objective

To review systematically the medical literature reporting on the prevalence of a niche at the site of a Cesarean section (CS) scar using various diagnostic methods, on potential risk factors for the development of a niche and on niche‐related gynecological symptoms in non‐pregnant women.

Methods

The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. All types of clinical study reporting on the prevalence, risk factors and/or symptoms of a niche in non‐pregnant women with a history of CS were included, apart from case reports and case series.

Results

Twenty‐one papers were selected for inclusion in the review. A wide range in the prevalence of a niche was found. Using contrast‐enhanced sonohysterography in a random population of women with a history of CS, the prevalence was found to vary between 56% and 84%. Nine studies reported on risk factors and each study evaluated different factors, which made it difficult to compare studies. Risk factors could be classified into four categories: those related to closure technique, to development of the lower uterine segment or location of the incision or to wound healing, and miscellaneous factors. Probable risk factors are single‐layer myometrium closure, multiple CSs and uterine retroflexion. Six out of eight studies that evaluated niche‐related symptoms described an association between the presence of a niche and postmenstrual spotting.

Conclusions

The reported prevalence of a niche in non‐pregnant women varies depending on the method of detection, the criteria used to define a niche and the study population. Potential risk factors can be categorized into four main categories, which may be useful for future research and meta‐analyses. The predominant symptom associated with a niche is postmenstrual spotting. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.