bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing environmental education to early children through 3R activities (an effort for Indonesia free trash)
Authors: Sufia R , Arisona R D
Published: May 2021

The Indonesia Zero Waste Program must be implemented continuously and sustainably. One interesting effort is to teach children about the importance of environmental aspects in the future. The success of the program must involve all aspects of society. Besides the Indonesia Zero Waste Program can be implemented through environmental education, which applied in formal education. Environmental education since childhood was an effort with a successful level of material absorption and formation of the right attitude. This paper was the result of work in classroom action research which a collaborative way between researchers and teacher at MI Fathul Ulum, Palurejo. Respondents in the study were children at first grade students with a qualitative research approach. Collecting data in this study using documentation techniques with coherent time records. The research objective was to foster an environmental care attitude from an early age. Emphasizes knowledge of attitude and absorption of 3R-related material (reduce, reuse, recycle). The results of this study were in the form of better student knowledge about protecting the environment. Regarding the formation and knowledge of attitudes, students are invited directly to 3R practical activities. This activity is manifested in 3R activities that produce used goods that have useful values.
The impact of floating net cages on the water quality of riam kanan reservoir, south kalimantan
Authors: Arisanty D , Hastuti K P , Adyatma S , Azhari M
Published: May 2021

Reservoirs in Indonesia have been widely used as floating net cages, including in the Riam Kanan Reservoir. The use of the reservoir as a floating net cage has affected the quality of water in the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and chemical quality of water in the Riam Kanan reservoir due to floating net cages cultivation activities. This study used a purposive random sampling method, with the sampling location determined based on the density of floating net cage cultivation with a total of 8 points and a depth of 2 m, 6 m, and 8 m, respectively. The physical value of water was obtained by direct measurement and the chemical value of water is obtained from the measurement results in the laboratory. The data analysis in this research was the descriptive analysis where the data were obtained from the tables and graphs. The results of the research on the physical-chemical quality of water in the Riam Kanan Reservoir show that the physical values of water such as temperature, smell, taste, and color in the waters of the Riam Kanan Reservoir were still within the normal condition. The value of pH has a value of about 7.18-7.76. The value of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was about 3.76 mg/l-6.14 mg/l. Nitrate value is about 0.002 mg/l-0.4099 mg/l. The nitrite value was about 0.0012 mg/l-0.0034 mg/l. Ammonia content was about 0.1643 mg/l-0.5132 mg/l. The levels of pH, DO, nitrate, and nitrate were a normal category, but the ammonia level was in the dangerous category. The chemical content increased with the depth of the water, due to the influence of the used feed deposited.
Land cover analysis using object based image analysis based on Landsat 8 OLI images in the city of Jember
Authors: Pangastuti E I , Wijayanto Y
Published: May 2021

Jember area has a status as a PKW area (Regional Activity Center). This has resulted in diversifying activities of the population and increasing demand for land, so that land use change is inevitable. Real time land cover data updates in the City of Jember with Landsat 8 OLI imagery using OBIA can be used as an alternative to find out information on land cover classes. This study aims to determine the accuracy of land cover data extraction using OBIA. Using the OBIA method which involves the segmentation process with a multiresolution segmentation algorithm and a classification process with the nearest neighbor algorithm. The results showed the level of accuracy of land cover extraction using OBIA was 90%. These results indicate that the OBIA method for data extraction of land cover in urban areas has high accuracy.
Identifying environmental issues on the prehistoric societies in history learning
Authors: Ahmad T A
Published: May 2021

Internalizing environmental values requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, almost all aspects have an interest in environmental problems, including history education. This paper aims to identify environmental issues that can be incorporated into history learning. One of the topics that are nearly related to ecological matters is the prehistoric topic. Here, people still have a high dependence on nature. As part of historical material, prehistoric times are very relevant to introduce environmental issues to students in the classroom. This paper uses an analysis of the historical education curriculum and textbooks used. This paper intends to find the relevance of history learning in the cultivation of environmental care among students. This paper will discuss strategies for internalizing the environmental values in historical learning, especially in prehistory discussion. This paper is expected to be able to contribute to how historical education plays a role in strengthening the character of caring for the environment.
Analysis of the Need for Social Studies Learning Media based on Local Advantages of Semarang City
Authors: Nisa A N S , Ginanjar A , Hermanto F
Published: May 2021

In 21st century skills require students to have 4 skills, there are Critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration and Creativity. Therefore, teachers are expected to have the ability to develop these skills. For example by using social studies learning media. It is undeniable that social studies teachers in Semarang are accustomed to using learning media. Unfortunately there are still some teachers who find it difficult to apply Semarang’s local advantages in social studies learning media. Therefore, the goal of this research is about analyzing the needs of social studies learning media based on local advantages of Semarang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Respondents were junior high school social studies teachers in the city of Semarang, a number of 36 respondents who were randomly selected based on the location of the school spread over 16 sub-districts in the city of Semarang. Data analysis method in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of this research that 88.9% of social studies teachers knew the local advantages of Semarang city, 69.4% of social studies teachers had no difficulty developing learning that was fun and contextual. However, social studies teachers find it difficult to develop social studies learning based on local advantages because 52.8% of social studies teachers have difficulty to find learning media based on local advantages, and 58.3% experienced problems in packaging and integrating social studies learning with local advantages. Learning media based on the local advantages of Semarang city need to be developed based on this need analysis.
Learning Ability and Supporting Capacity of Online Learning In Students during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hermanto F , Putri N A
Published: May 2021

The world is facing a global problem, namely Coronavirus (COVID 19). The Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia has spread to various regions. The government has imposed social distancing and several regions have imposed Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) to break the chain of spreading covid-19. Large-scale Social Restrictions are restrictions on activities in areas suspected of being infected with Covid-19 to prevent its spread. Social distancing policy affects almost all sectors of life including the Education sector. One of them is with the issuance of Circular Letter No. 36962/MPK. A/HK/2020 on transferring face-to-face learning to online learning. This has an impact on the implementation of learning in higher education from learning ability and the supporting capacity of online learning in students. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. This research focuses on 10% of students of the Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Negeri Semarang. Factors analyzed in this study include external, internal and contextual factors in online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Data analysis was carried by reducing data, presenting data, until conclusion. The result of this study is that students have the ability to do online learning based on the ability to manage learning time, learning motivation, student discipline, it is supported by a good internet network, technology literacy skills as well as the ability to find learning resources. The support capacity of students in online learning is obtained optimally starting from the support of parents, easy communication with lecturers, interesting learning methods and media. The problem factor in online learning is that it requires a lot of internet quota, lecture tasks are considered excessive so it requires more time and effort management.
Building student’s political behaviour in the context of election in Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah M , Hakam K A , Wilodati  , Ratnafitria
Published: May 2021

The electoral process in Indonesia is a system that be built in democracy of typical politics of Indonesia and it cannot be separated from decision-making due to the voters. This decision-making in determining the choice on any individual voters cannot be separated from their social characteristics, so did the same with the students. Problems that appear then is the social characteristic of the students impact on terms of their political attitudes in elections? How to build the student’s political behavior in election? Through the application of descriptive study design with a quantitative approach and take the subject of research on students of UPI, this study tries to assess the contribution social characteristics of the students to their political behavior in election that be reviewed from the perspective of political geography. In general, the results indicate that the student’s political behavior tended to be rational. Meanwhile, the loyalty and/or fanatic attitude to the one is not to be seen. Here it can be seen that the social environment and education as the social characteristic of the society, especially on the students, contribute in forming their political behavior quite enough. Thus, it is time for the public awareness and political behavior be constructed and trained for always in line with the interests of the nation political advance.
Adaptation strategies for pedicab drivers in their socio-economic life
Authors: Rizal A , Suharso P , Hartanto W , Sukidin  , Ani H M , Mardiyana L O
Published: May 2021

The pressure of socio-economic life pedicab drivers are a reason to adapt. This is because the reality they experience is contrary to their expectations. Adaptation strategies undertaken to free themselves from socio-economic pressures and realize their hopes in life. This study aims to explain about the adaptation strategy of pedicab drivers in their socioeconomic life (Study at the Pedicab Mastrip Association). This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The subjects and informants of the research were the pedicab drivers, the mastrip pedicab community of Jember Regency and the pedicab passengers. Data collection methods used are interviews, observation and documents. The data analysis steps used include data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the pedicab drivers carry out adaptation strategies in their socio-economic life to suit the conditions they experience. The adaptation strategy stage starts from expectations that are not in accordance with reality, causing action to adjust. The pedicab driver’s hope is to get an income that can meet family needs in terms of education and the desire to improve socio-economic life. The fact is that pedicab drivers are disappointed because currently there are few passengers and low income, so this hope is not realized. Adaptation strategies are carried out by increasing the work ethic in the form of arriving early, increasing working hours, going around looking for passengers and placing pedicabs on different sides of the base. Making innovations by participating in ornamental pedicab events, for example in the Prophet’s birthday, carnivals. Having a side job, namely construction workers, parking attendants, farming, sewing shoes and looking for wrecked goods and some pedicab drivers waiting for passengers at the base.
Relationship of work position with complaints of musculoskeletal disoeders (MSDs) in cracker industrial worker at Kedungdoro village, Sidoarjo
Authors: Ayu F , Ratriwardhani R A
Published: May 2021

Musculoskeletal complaints are the most frequently reported complaints to workers. Cracker industry workers in Kedungrejo Village,Sidoarjo sit for more than 6 hours doing repetitive movements which are at risk of developing complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The aims of this research was to analyze the relationship between work position with complaints of MSDs in cracker industry workers in Kedungrejo village,Sidoarjo.The type of this research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study. The research population was all cracker industry workers at village Kedungrejo. The research sample of 46 respondents was taken by simple random sampling technique. Data related to respondent characteristics like work position and MSDs complaint obtained from direct observation to the field with using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) assessment and interviews with workers using Nordic Body Map (NBM). Data analysis using SPSS with statistical test rank spearmen.Statistical test results showed that almost half of the respondents (43.5%) had complaints of MSDs at a very high level and most (60.9%) had work position with a low risk category. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between work position and MSDs complaints in cracker industry workers with a value of 0.033 < 0.05 in the test rank spearmen. The strength of the relationship between variables is seen from the correlation coefficient with a result of 0.315 which means weak. The direction of correlation is positive, which means that poor work position can increase MSDs complaints.The conclusion is research that there is a significant relationship between work attitudes and MSDs complaints in cracker industry workers. Suggestions for the cracker industry to replace workers’ chairs with ergonomic chairs and for cracker industry workers to stretch before working and consuming water on the sidelines of work.
Analysis of Gluten Free Casein Free Compliance (GFCF) Diet in Terms of the Incidence of Gastroenteritis in Children with Autism Spectrum Using Rank Spearman Test
Authors: Firdaus  , Herlambang T , Afifa L N , Inawati P A , Muhith A
Published: May 2021

one problem that is often experienced by people with autism is the provision of food and proper nutrition in children with autism. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of having a digestive tract disorder (gastroentritis), they are at a greater risk diarrhea.The last few years autistic sufferers in Indonesia have increased, around 12,800 children. Autistic children have a high chance of experiencing gastroentritis, if not treated seriously it will cause dehydration even to death. Therefore, this study was to analyze the relationship of adherence to a gluten free casein free diet with the incidence of gastroenteritis on autistic children. events was performed using the management of a sick toddler. The results of the study after Rank Spearman statistical test ρ= 0.034 <α=0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between the compliance of the gluten free casein free diet and the incidence of gastroenteritis on autistic children. Compliance with gluten free casein free diets makes improvements to the digestive system in autistic children.
Dissemination model of understanding climate change using knowledge management systems
Authors: Sardjono W , Selviyanti E , Mukhlis M
Published: May 2021

Climate change becomes a very complex and multidimensional issue, climate change will continue to be an interesting issue to study in relation to local policies, because besides climate change has global to local impacts, climate change can directly affect the condition of the natural environment and human behavior. The presentation in this paper aims to provide an overview of how the socialization of climate change issues carried out using information systems and technology can be successful by referring to knowledge development with data formed based on community perspectives. Factor analysis method is used to find the success factors of socialization in the face of climate change, then the regression analysis method is used to build a model of a number of variables that are formed from the analysis of output factors. The results of the study provide a number of new factors that can be represented as variables of public awareness of climate change, the process of socializing climate change and global warming, the availability of information systems and technology, and the management of knowledge management about climate change. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the momentum of the industrial revolution of the 4.0 era can be utilized to support the process of climate change socialization that is measured independently.
Groundwater quality : comparing alluvial plain and tertiary volcanic in tropical region
Authors: Elfiani V , Mitasari M , Risdarani Y , Ardiyanto G G , Kurnianto F A
Published: May 2021

Sustainable water resources are the most important issue related to the effects of land use change. However, aspects of geomorphology and lithology have not been studied by researchers before. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of groundwater systems associated with lithology and geomorphology. The method used in this study was a survey. Data retrieval is done during the long dry season (tropical region), and the normal dry season in regions with different land forms and lithology. Analyze the data by comparing groundwater samples with physical water quality. The results showed that in tertiary volcano areas there is a decrease in the quality of groundwater physically during the long dry season, while in alluvial plains there is no physical decrease in water quality. The decrease in water quality occurs during the long dry season. The decrease in groundwater quality is influenced by the dry season, the litology of quarland volcanic rocks, and the shape of tertiary volcanic landform.
Stabilization of soft soil using industrial waste
Authors: Pratiwi A Y , Prasetia I , Perina Y A , Effendi R
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on the soft soil stabilization using different combination of fly ash and cement admixture. The fly ash proportion varies from 10%, 15%, and 20% while keeping the proportion of cement constant at 10%. CBR test result is used as the soil improvement parameter with curing time for seven days. Test results indicate an increase of CBR with increase of fly ash and cement admixture to soft soil. The maximum CBR is at fly ash 20% and cement 10% with 49.36%. The swelling value of soft soil decreased with increase of fly ash and cement admixtures percentage. The swelling potential can be reduced to be less than 5%.
The potential for peatland villages to prevent fire: Case study of Tumbang Nusa Village Central Kalimantan
Authors: Akbar A , Adriani S , Priyanto E
Published: May 2021

Peatland fires have become a global concern due to the negative impacts of smoke and greenhouse gas emissions produced which can reach ten times than from fires on mineral land. The village of Tumbang Nusa has been known as a fire resistant village in the Central Kalimantan peatland. Fire is always triggered by the people who are accustomed to burning their lands uncontrollably. Community empowerment research to prevent fires is therefore very important. The study of resource potential in the village has been carried out through observation and interviews. The results of the study show that rural communities have the potential for natural resources, human resources, and some infrastructure that can be developed as a basis for community empowerment efforts that will reduce the need to use fire for land clearing. These activities include local fish cultivation in beje and keramba ponds, development of purun plants, rubber, peat swamp tree nurseries and agroforestry developments including tree plantations of belangeran (Shorea belangeran), jelutung (Dyera spp.), and gemor (Nothapoebe coriacea) mixed with vegetable and fruit crops such as pineapple. Through developing these alternative land use activities, awareness of fire prevention in the community increases. However, dissemination of prevention rules, agricultural training, fire control, and methods for utilizing left over organic materials (i.e. disposal of crop residues without use of fire) need to be carried out continuously.
The effect of the percentage of alaban waste and rice husk waste with tapioca adhesive on the physical properties
Authors: Syarief A , Nugraha A , Ramadhan M N , Fitriyadi  , Supit G G
Published: May 2021

Tapuk Village, Limpasu District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency is one of the processing centers for alaban wood charcoal in South Kalimantan. The alaban wood charcoal produced by Tapuk Village consists of several grades, namely: grade A, grade B, Grade C, and Grade D. Grade D charcoal is small pieces of charcoal which are leftovers from large charcoal, often called alaban wood charcoal waste. Around Tapuk Village, there are also many residents’ rice fields, where almost all year round there are piles of rice husks that are not used by the residents. The benefits of alaban wood charcoal and rice husk waste can be increased by making it into briquettes. The percentage of briquettes waste of alaban wood charcoal and rice husks, namely 100%: 0%, 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, 50%: 50%, 40%: 60%, 30%: 70%, 20%: 80%, 10%: 90%, and 0%: 100%. Briquettes also use 5% tapioca starch adhesive. The briquettes are then tested for their physical properties. From testing and analysis, it is known that the moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content increased along with the increase in the percentage of rice husks. The content of bound carbon (fixed carbon) and heating value decreased along with the increase in the percentage of rice husks.
Characterization of used oil distillate at various distillation temperatures as diesel fuel
Authors: Firman M , Arief S , Julianda H , Fauzan M , Saukani M
Published: May 2021

Used oil is a hazardous and toxic waste. When this waste is disposed off into the environment, it harms the environmental. The conversion of used oil to diesel fuel candidates has been studied utilizing a simple distillation method. The distillation is carried out on used oil with a zeolite catalyst placed on a distillation tower. Distillation temperature variations of 360 °C, 380 °C, 400 °C are applied to used oil to produce fuel distillates. Tests were carried out on distillates in flashpoints using ASTM D93, Kinematic Viscosity using ASTM D445 and Cetane Index using ASTM D4737. The results of the calculated cetane index test showed the respective values of 48.44, 48.46 and 48.84. The viscosity at 40°C (mm 2sec) resulted in 1.57, 1.64, and 2.00. While the flashpoint value shows the number 27°C, the temperature variation does not affect the flashpoint value. The results of this test, when compared with Dirjen Migas Specification, the flashpoint value has not been fulfilled although with the addition of NaOH. A distillation temperature of 400°C only fulfils the minimum kinetic viscosity. In contrast, the Calculated cetane index has been fulfilled, with the largest value generated at a distillation temperature of 400°C.
Analysis study of soil bearing capacity and settlement of single pile foundation based on N-SPT data
Authors: Gazali A , Fathurrahman  , Muthmainnah
Published: May 2021

Foundation is a very important structural element in a building. The bearing capacity of the soil is the support for the foundation, where a foundation is defined as a most basic part of the construction of a building that transmits the load originating from the weight of the building itself and the load acting on the building to the surrounding ground. The purpose of this research is to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation and the settlement of a single pile that occurs and to determine of the size of ship’s collision force against the building. The foundation used in the construction of the Sultan Suriansyah Mosque Port is a 45 cm diameter pile foundation. The calculation of bearing capacity of a single pile was carried out using the Mayerhoff method based on the N-SPT results of 399.802 tons. The settlement of a single pile foundation using the Semi Empirical Method is 0.036 m with an allowable drop of 0.045 m. The collision force of the ship against the Port is 0.0032 tons.
Spatial diversity of microalgae in Simeulue Island, Indonesia
Authors: Purbani D C , Yuliani Y , Sumerta I N
Published: May 2021

Microalgae naturally occur as valuable genetic resources for many industrial interests. However, the study on their diversity and potential as local strain resources, especially in Indonesia are limited. To assess the spatial diversity as basic information on exploring their further potential, we isolated microalgae from outer island-Simeulue, the Province of Aceh in four different habitats and locations. Seventeen cultures of microalgae were selected, purified, and maintained to the preferable conditions in IMK and AF6 media under light-based culture. Generally, the selected microalgae were referred to eukaryotic group based on morphological obsexrvation. BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene revealed 12 closely related species which are Chlorella kessleri, Chlorella sorokiniana, Oocystis heteromucosa, Stichococcus bacillaris, Coccomyxa melkonianii, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Scenedesmus bijugus, Coelastrella oocystiformis, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorococcum oleofaciens, Stigeoclonium tenue, and Planophila laetevirens. These species inhabit the spatial habitat and location of natural aquatic sources of Simeulue island. This study is expected to provide basic information for uncovering patterns of microalgae diversity and obtain new genetic resources for industrial uses as well as for taxonomic studies.
Quantitative trait loci identification for yield component traits in an Indonesian local rice variety, Untup Rajab
Authors: Yunus M , Satyawan D , Dadang A , Warsun A
Published: May 2021

Local rice varieties often carry useful genes related to yield component traits that can be utilized to develop high-yielding rice varieties. This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield component traits in Untup Rajab, an Indonesian local rice variety. QTL mapping was conducted using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM) method on a F2 population from a cross between TN-1 and Untup Rajab, which was genotyped using SNP markers and phenotyped for several yield component traits. A total of eight QTLs were detected. Two QTLs for spikelet number per panicle were found in chromosome 6 and 9 with PVE values of 13.01% and 15.57%, respectively. Three QTLs were identified for the number of filled spikelets per panicle in chromosome 4, 6, and 12 with PVE values of 7.73%, 9.19%, and 19.51%, respectively. Two QTLs were identified for the ratio of filled spikelets to total spikelet number per panicle in chromosome 3 and 12 with PVE values of 9.73% and 10.71%, respectively, and only one QTL was identified for the number of empty spikelets per panicle in chromosome 11 with a PVE value of 11.07%. Further investigation is still needed to verify their applicability for marker-assisted rice breeding.
Preliminary study on genetic diversity and relationship of 12 White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) accessions based on morphological traits
Authors: Heryanto R , Syahid S F
Published: May 2021

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) is one of the important plants in the genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). This plant grows in Asia and has wide variety of morphological characteristics. White turmeric can be used as a spice for food additive and the raw material for traditional medicine. Indonesian Spice and Medicine Crop Research Institute (ISMCRI) has collected 12 white turmeric accessions from several localities in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between 12 white turmeric accessions based on their morphological characteristics. The rhizome used weighs 30-50 grams with 2-3 shoots. The plots size was 2.5 x 3.5 m2 with a spacing of 50 x 50 cm2, contained 20 plants per plot. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Morphological traits parameters observed were 11 morphological characters, namely plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf thickness, stem diameter, number of tillers, rhizome weight, rhizome length, rhizome width, and rhizome thickness. A significant morphological variation level was recorded for rhizome weight and plant height, while genetic diversity is showed by rhizome weight and a number of tillers. The morphological characteristics observed were correlated with each other. Cluster analysis created four major groups.
Growth, stomata and trichome characteristics of diploid and tetraploid Artemisia
annua L. plants
Authors: Normasiwi S , Efendi M , Rahman W , Hafiizh E A , Ermayanti T M , Lelono R A , Yunarto N
Published: May 2021

Tetraploid A. annua have been reported to have higher artemisinin level compared to diploid plants. This research aimed to evaluate growth, stomata, and trichome characteristics of diploids compared to tetraploid plants. Two accessions of diploids (K.I.B and K1.2.2) and two accessions of tetraploid plants (K2.2.9 and K3.2.1) V0M1 were grown in the field for 11 weeks. Growth of plants was investigated every week by measuring plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weights. Density and size of stomata were observed using light microscopy; the number of trichomes was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The artemisinin level was analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that the plant height of both diploid and tetraploid plants was comparable. From week-1 to week-11, all plants still increased in their plant height. Similarly, numbers of branches also increased except for diploid K.I.B plants. The highest growth rate of numbers of branches was found in tetraploid clone K3.2.1. However, the highest biomass production was found in diploid clone K1.2.2. The artemisinin level of tetraploid plants was higher than that of diploid plants. The level of ploidy was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis.
Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata): species distribution modeling and the potential use of fungal pathogens for its eradication
Authors: Sutomo  , Yulia E , Iryadi R
Published: May 2021

Chromolaena odorata is one of the weeds that is difficult to control and causes loss both economically and ecologically. This study aims to predict the distribution of C. odorata which affected by climate change and the potential of using fungal pathogens for its eradication efforts in Indonesia. The Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory application was used to create Habitat Suitability Index of C. odorata. Species data were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the variable environment parameters were obtained from the Worldclim current condition (1950-2000). Results show that Generalized Linear Model has values of 0.98. C. odorata most likely spreads to eastern parts of Indonesia. The model predicted it to be suitable to inhabit Bali-Lombok Islands (HSI ±0.8) as well as Lesser Sunda Islands, Flores (HSI ±0.76) and Sumba (HSI ±0.82), and also Papua which share similar HSI with Sumba. Four species of putative fungal pathogens were isolated from the diseased leaf tissue of C. odorata. One species of fungus that causes severe infection in the leaves of C. odorata was morphologically identified as Septoria sp. It considered as a biological control agent. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and their potential for biological control.
Biodiversity in the coastal ecosystems of small islands and its conservation status
Authors: Suyadi  , Nugroho D A , Irawan A , Pelasula D , Ruli F , Islami M M , Alik R , Tala D J. , Pay L , Matuankotta C , Leatemia A S , Naroli I
Published: May 2021

Around 77% of Indonesian islands is small islands and Indonesia known as mega biodiversity center, but coastal biodiversity of small islands was not well documented. The objective of this study is to assess coastal biodiversity in small islands and its conservation status. The study indicated that small islands provide complex biodiversity ranging from ecosystem to species. Diversity index of mangrove: 1.4-1.8, seagrass: 1.5–1.9, coral: 1.7–2.3. Ecosystem condition in urban small island was poor and in rural small island was healthy. The islands also provide fauna diversity i.e mollusc (110 species), crabs (52 species), and coral fish (261 species). Diversity of mollusc and crabs in rural island was higher than in urban island, χ2 (1) = 1.3, p< 0.001 and χ2 (1) = 4.3, p< 0.002, respectively. Diversity index of coral fish range from 2.14 to 4.27 (mean: 3.4). Most of the biodiversity located outside protected area and main threats were ecosystem degradation, pollution, overexploitation, and sedimentation. In conclusion, small islands are important coastal biodiversity spots, but it faces tremendous threats. The study recommends better management of coastal biodiversity i.e. establishing coastal protected areas in small islands, building marine corridor, and public awareness to ensure biodiversity conservation.
GC-MS analysis of essential oil of Kayu Papi (Exocarpus
latifolius R. Br., Fam: Santalacea from East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Umroni A , Rianawati H , Siswadi  , Pujiarti R
Published: May 2021

Exocarpus latifolius R.Br. known as Kayu Papi or shrub sandalwood, naturally occurred in East Nusa Tenggara. This species classified as fragrant wood and, on some occasions, has become sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) substitution. This species is beneficial as a medicine. A recent study indicated that Exocarpic acid isolated from Papua New Guinea origin empirically cures tuberculosis in the in vitro treatments. However, the study of the biological compound of this species from the region is little known. This research is aimed at elucidating chemical compounds in the Kayu Papi wood originating from East Nusa Tenggara. The method was using GCMS analysis of the essential oil through prior steam distillation. The result revealed that thirty-two compounds represent 99.94% of essential oils, with six major peaks in approximately 41 minutes’ retention in total. The six-dominant compound of oils were Benzeneethanamine, alpha-methyl-N-(phenyl methylene) 34.37%, Alpha-curcumen (14.05%), Tridecane, 2-methyl-2-phenyl (11.2%), Alpha-calacorene (6.40 %), Levomethamphetamine (4.46%), Benzene, (1-1-dimethylnonyl) (4.11%). Whereas the twenty-six remaining components were less than and just over 3% each. There was no exocarpic acid identified, but some compounds are identical to sandalwood or other fragrant wood. The study may complement Santalacea’s list of chemical compounds to distinguish sandalwood and other fragrant wood.
The effect of medium formulation and BAP concentration of growth and development of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. shoot in vitro
Authors: Hapsari B W , Rudiyanto  , Martin A F , Ermayanti T M
Published: May 2021

Tissue culture of agarwood tree (Aquilaria malaccensisLam) was done to produce a large number of transplants in the laboratory. The compositions of medium culture are commonly modified to obtain the best growth of explants to regenerate into plantlets. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare different medium formulations supplemented with BAP on agarwood shoot culture growth. In this study we used MS, NN, B5, AR and WP medium containing 0 (control treatment), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L BAP. The shoot tips were cultured for 16 weeks in the treatment media. Height of shoots, number of leaves, number of adventive shoots, and number of roots was recorded every week to determine the growth. The results showed that after 16 weeks of culture, the best medium for shoot height was NN medium with BAP fortification (3.54cm) for number of leaves and adventive shoots proliferation was Gamborg B5 medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L BAP (21.63 leaves and 8,38 shoots), while NN medium without BAP was best for rooting.
Effect of light and preservatives on the stability of the phycocyanin from the extremophilic red microalgae Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Rahman D Y , Susilaningsih D , Van Der Maarel M J E C
Published: May 2021

Synthetic dyes are replaced more and more in food products by natural pigments. A growing number of consumers are concerned with the potential health risk and behavior problems related to synthetic dyes. The phycocyanin of the cyanobacterium Arthospira platensis is the only natural blue pigment commercially available. The thermoacidophilic red microalgae Cuanidioschyzon merolae could provide an alternative phycocyanin source. As C. merolae grows at relatively high temperatures (45 to 56°C), the phycocyanin has a high thermostability even at relatively low pH. The stability of the C. merolae phycocyanin was determined for several products of relevant parameters. Average daylight (300-500 Lux) did not significantly affect the stability, while intense light (20,000 Lux) reduced the half-life to 35 hours. The preservatives such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol improved the stability of C. merolae phycocyanin considerably, with 20% glucose resulting in no loss of color at all. The results show that C. merolae phycocyanin can be used in various food products as a natural blue colorant.
Potential of isolated bacteria biostimulant from soil roots on white turmeric plants (Curcuma zedoaria)
Authors: Lekatompessy S J R , Nuriyanah  , Widowati T , Simarmata R
Published: May 2021

The abundance of microbes around the roots of plants is an interesting thing where there is an interaction between plants and surrounding microbes. The purpose of this study was to obtain rhizosphere isolates from the soil of white turmeric roots, to determine the potential activity of rhizosphere bacteria from white turmeric as a biostimulating agent and biofertilizer agent that can help plant growth. The research method used was screening for potential growth hormone-producing bacteria (biostimulants), nitrogen fixation ability, enzyme production (protease, amylase, catalase) and biocontrol and bacterial colony PCR. The results showed that twelve rhizosphere bacteria isolates from white turmeric were isolated. Rhizosphere bacteria have the potential as a biostimulant agent, multipotential agent (biofertilizer agent, biodegradation agent and biocontrol agent) which is useful for helping plant growth, especially white turmeric plants. The twelve bacteria that had PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene were performed, the results showed that the DNA bands could be continued for further identification. The results of the study by utilizing the potential of rhizosphere bacteria which have commercial value to be promoted into a safe and multi-functional biostimulant product based on superior isolates to support plant growth, especially white turmeric plants.
Physiological characteristic of 10 sorghums genotypes under water stress in greenhouse
Authors: Widiyono W , Rachmat A , Nugroho S , Lestari P , Syarif F
Published: May 2021

Selection to screen sorghum accessions tolerance to drought condition was conducted. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse on 10 sorghum accession using a Randomized Block Design, on July to October 2017. Three water treatments were used i.e., 30% of field capacity (FC), 50% FC and 80% FC, with 3 replicates for each treatment. The results indicated that N6.12 was very sensitive to drought with water potential of -6.45 MPa at 30% FC and – 6.22 MPa at 50% FC, while Jagung Rote was very resistant with water potential of – 4.23 at 30% FC, followed by Suri 3 with – 3.33 at 50% FC. The two accessions with the lowest photosynthetic rates were Super 1 and WR with 8,618090455 and 8,158083096 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The three highest photosynthetic rates were shown by Suri 3 (14.32254207 µmol m−2 s−1), Jagung Rote (15.37299675 µmol m−2 s−1), and UPCA (11.87406017 µmol m−2 s−1). Sorghum with the lowest biomass production were Buleleng Empok (26.61 g plant−1) and the highest was WR (57.17 g plant−1). The lowest plant height was UPCA and the highest was Suri 4. We concluded that Jagung Rote and Suri 3 were the most tolerant sorghum accessions to drought according to their leaf water potentials and photosynthetic rates.
Selected nutmeg parent trees from nutmeg population in Bogor: Their fruit yield, essential oil content, and morphological characteristics
Authors: Rostiana O , Arlianti T , Purwiyanti S , Ruhnayat A
Published: May 2021

Indonesia has been a long-time well known as high quality of nutmeg. Nutmeg is native to Indonesia, with an origin in the Maluku islands. Then, spread out and scattered into other parts of Indonesia. Bogor is one of the nutmeg production centers in West Java with a wide range of products. However, there have been no scientific studies that provide a complete picture of the genetic identity of Bogor Nutmeg. The research aimed to identify the main morphological character and fruit quality components for selecting candidates of selected parent trees of the Bogor population nutmeg, to be promoted as a new superior variety. Mass positive selection was used to identify established parent trees by observing the main morphological characters, production, and quality. Results confirmed that the selected parent tree of Bogor nutmeg had fulfilled the technical requirement as the candidate of new superior varieties for fruit yield (> 5000 grains/tree/year), essential oil content (>20%), and myristicin (>10%), which were varied according to the age of the fruit. The nutmeg population in Bogor is characterized by the size and shape of round or oval fruit, the size, and shape of lanceolate or oblong leaves.
Ethnomycological knowledge and nutritional properties of edible mushroom Kulat Siau (Hygrocybe conica) in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Santosa P B , Yuwati T W , Hakim S S , Hidayat A , Turjaman M , Suhartono E
Published: May 2021

Wild edible mushroom is one of the non-timber forest products that is important to the forest ecosystems. Locally known as Kulat Siau, Hygrocybe conica is one of the wild-edible mushrooms from the peatland ecosystem. In this study, we conducted a survey with the community about the identification, foraging activity, utilization, and economic value of H. conica. Proximate analysis was also carried out to determine the nutritional content of this mushroom. The results of the study show that some local people still do foraging activity to get this mushroom and sold it to the local market. Hence, this means that this non-timber forest product has economic value for the community who lives near to the forest. This mushroom is mostly harvested in secondary peat forest. As a food, H. conica is quite popular and can be processed into various menus. The proximate analysis result showed that the mushroom had a high dietary fibre and vegetable protein. In addition, it also contains antioxidants and vitamin C which is good for maintaining body health.
Study on the customs and ecological protection consciousness of Naxi nationality in Lijiang
Authors: Deng Chenkang , Xue Xiaoming , Gao Zexun
Published: May 2021

The Naxi is a unique minority nationality in the southwest border area of China. With its unique national harmonious and traditional customs, the Naxi has gradually formed the concept of development with the surrounding ethnic groups, and has strong customs and habits of being grateful to nature and living in harmony with nature. This paper studies the significance of Naxi people’s natural customs for ecological environment protection by means of literature collection, visiting and questionnaire survey. The results of the study and survey data show that naxi sacrifice natural customs, funeral culture and water source protection have strong ecological protection consciousness and behavior, The local people have a high understanding of traditional customs in cognition and maintenance, which has formed a good demonstration effect on the cultivation of ecological protection consciousness of tourists and non-native population. Therefore, maintaining and carrying forward the excellent national culture of Naxi is of great reference significance for minority areas to practice Xi Jinping’s idea of ecological civilization, protect the ecological environment and build a beautiful China. It also has a worldwide demonstration significance for the ecological environment protection of Lijiang, the world famous city where the Naxi lives.
Study On The Reliability Improvement Of The Control Of The Main Feed Pump In The Second Circuit Of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Wan Tian , Tang Lei , Zhao Zhiling , Liu Shuai , Gan Changxian , Fu Jiang
Published: May 2021

There is a safety hazard in the interlock control logic of the second circuit electric main feed pump of the CPR1000 nuclear power unit. When the unit is operating at full power, if the speed of an operating pump suddenly drops below 3950 rpm or if the pump outlet pressure suddenly drops but does not reach the pump trip threshold, the standby pump cannot be automatically interlocked to start. If the standby pump is not started in time, it will cause the unit to overpower the first circuit or even trip the reactor. In this paper, the control strategy of the second circuit electric main feed pump is analysed and demonstrated, and after simulation tests, a feasible improvement plan is proposed, which effectively improves the control reliability of the second circuit electric main feed pump in nuclear power plants.
Study on Reservoir Heterogeneity in Block S
Authors: Wang Liping
Published: May 2021

Based on core analysis and testing and logging interpretation data, this paper studies the interlayer heterogeneity and plane heterogeneity of the reservoir, and establishes a set of evaluations for calculating the interlayer and plane heterogeneity of Fuyang oil layer. Standard, draw contour maps of 5 parameters and 12 main force layers. The results showed that 77% of the small layers with interlayer heterogeneity showed strong heterogeneity, and 23% showed moderate heterogeneity or homogeneity. 80% of the plane heterogeneity of the small layer is strong heterogeneity, and 20% is strong heterogeneity.
Microbiological treatment of iridium-containing organic wastewater
Authors: Li Dongyun , Li Qian , Li Yong , Wang Liming , Dong Haigang
Published: May 2021

Biodegradation of iridium-containing organic wastewater and simulated wastewater by different strains was studied in this paper. By qualitative and quantitative analysis of each organic component in the wastewater and determination of the content of total organic carbon in the organic wastewater, the decomposition effect of microorganisms on organic materials in the iridium containing organic wastewater was discussed. The results showed that the decomposition effect of the combined bacteria was better. In the simulated wastewater system, the degradation rate of the three strains of LA-2, LB-1 and LZ-1 reached about 95%, and in the actual wastewater system, the degradation rate of the combination of LA-2 and LZ-1 reached about 49%. The results show that microorganisms can effectively degrade organic pollutants and are environmentally friendly, which proves the feasibility of biodegradation of organic matter in iridium-containing organic wastewater.