bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Quantitative Indices for the Differentiation of Advanced-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Limbic Tauopathies
Authors: Sakurai Keita , Kaneda Daita , Inui Shohei , Uchida Yuto , Morimoto Satoru , Nihashi Takashi , Kato Takashi , Ito Kengo , Hashizume Yoshio
Published: April 2021

Background: The differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from age-related limbic tauopathies (LT), including argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) and senile dementia of the neurofibrillary tangle type (SD-NFT), is often challenging because specific clinical diagnostic criteria have not yet been established. Despite the utility of specific biomarkers evaluating amyloid and tau to detect the AD-related pathophysiological changes, the expense and associated invasiveness preclude their use as first-line diagnostic tools for all demented patients. Therefore, less invasive and costly biomarkers would be valuable in routine clinical practice for the differentiation of AD and LT. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a simple reproducible method on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could be adopted in daily clinical practice for the differentiation of AD and other forms of LT. Methods: Our newly proposed three quantitative indices and well-known medial temporal atrophy (MTA) score were evaluated using MRI of pathologically-proven advanced-stage 21 AD, 10 AGD, and 2 SD-NFT patients. Results: Contrary to MTA score, hippocampal angle (HPA), inferior horn area (IHA), and ratio between HPA and IHA (i.e., IHPA index) demonstrated higher diagnostic performance and reproducibility, especially to differentiate advanced-stage AD patients with Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage V/VI from LT patients (the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.83, 089, and 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.930, 0.998, and 0.995, respectively). Conclusion: Quantitative indices reflecting hippocampal deformation with ventricular enlargement are useful to differentiate advanced-stage AD from LT. This simple and convenient method could be useful in daily clinical practice.
How Do Persons with Young and Late Onset Dementia Die?
Authors: Roβmeier Carola , Hartmann Julia , Riedl Lina , Dorn Bianca , Fischer Julia , Hartmann Florentine , Egert-Schwender Silvia , Kehl Victoria , Schneider-Schelte Helga , Jox Ralf J. , Dinkel Andreas , Diehl-Schmid Janine
Published: April 2021

Background: End of life symptoms and symptom management as well as the quality of dying (QoD) of persons with advanced dementia (PWAD) have not yet been systematically studied in Germany. Objective: 1) To investigate symptoms, treatment and care at the end of life, advance care planning, and circumstances of death of recently deceased PWAD; 2) To determine whether there are differences between young and late onset dementia (YOD and LOD). Methods: The study was performed in the context of the project EPYLOGE (IssuEs in Palliative care for persons in advanced and terminal stages of Young-onset and Late-Onset dementia in Germany). Closest relatives of recently deceased patients with advanced YOD (N = 46) and LOD (N = 54) living at home or in long term care were interviewed. Results: Circumstances of death, symptoms, and treatment appeared to be similar between YOD and LOD, except that persons with LOD had significantly more somatic comorbidities and were admitted to hospital in the last three months of life more often than persons with LOD. At end of life, 60% of PWAD appeared to be “at peace”. Difficulty swallowing, gurgling, shortness of breath, and discomfort were observed most frequently. Large interindividual differences in suffering and QoD were present. Determinants of QoD were not identified. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that low QoD was caused by inadequate recognition and/or insufficient treatment of burdensome physical and emotional symptoms. PWADs’ needs should be assessed regularly, and strategies focusing on treatment and implementing support for both the patient and caregiver must be established.
Heterogeneity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Profiles in Individuals with Distinct Levels of Cognitive Decline: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pais Marcos , Loureiro Júlia , do Vale Vagner , Radanovic Marcia , Talib Leda , Stella Florindo , Forlenza Orestes
Published: April 2021

Background: Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the amyloid-β (Aβ), along with increased total (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau), are widely accepted as core biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Nonetheless, there are a few remaining caveats that still preclude the full incorporation of AD biomarkers into clinical practice. Objective: To determine the frequency of clinical-biological mismatches in a clinical sample of older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Methods: 204 participants were enrolled for a cross-sectional assessment and allocated into diagnostic groups: probable AD (n = 60, 29.4%); MCI (n = 84, 41.2%); or normal cognition (NC, n = 60, 29.4%). CSF concentrations of Aβ42, T-tau, and 181Thr-P-tau were determined, and Aβ42/P-tau ratio below 9.53 was used as a proxy of AD pathology. The AT(N) classification was further used as a framework to ascertain the biological evidence of AD. Results: The majority (73.7%) of patients in the AD group had the Aβ42/P-tau ratio below the cut-off score for AD, as opposed to a smaller proportion in the MCI (42.9%) and NC (23.3%) groups. In the latter, 21 subjects (35%) were classified as A+, 28 (46.7%) as T+, and 23 (38.3%) as N + . In the AD group, 66.7%of the cases were classified as A+, 78.3%as T+, and 80%as N+. Conclusion: Analysis of CSF biomarkers was able to discriminate between AD, MCI, and NC. However, clinical-biological mismatches were observed in a non-negligible proportion of cases.
Olfactory Phenotypes Differentiate Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors from Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Combined Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Approach
Authors: Li Jennifer , Bur Andres M. , Villwock Mark R. , Shankar Suraj , Palmer Gracie , Sykes Kevin J. , Villwock Jennifer A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, olfactory testing is not commonly performed to test OD in the setting of AD. Objective: This work investigates objective OD as a non-invasive biomarker for accurately classifying subjects as cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Methods: Patients with MCI (n = 24) and AD (n = 24), and CU (n = 33) controls completed two objective tests of olfaction (Affordable, Rapid, Olfactory Measurement Array –AROMA; Sniffin’ Sticks Screening 12 Test –SST12). Demographic and subjective sinonasal and olfaction symptom information was also obtained. Analyses utilized traditional statistics and machine learning to determine olfactory variables, and combinations of variables, of importance for differentiating normal and disease states. Results: Inability to correctly identify a scent after detection was a hallmark of MCI/AD. AROMA was superior to SST12 for differentiating MCI from AD. Performance on the clove scent was significantly different between all three groups. AROMA regression modeling yielded six scents with AUC of the ROC of 0.890 (p < 0.001). Random forest model machine learning algorithms considering AROMA olfactory data successfully predicted MCI versus AD disease state. Considering only AROMA data, machine learning algorithms were 87.5%accurate (95%CI 0.4735, 0.9968). Sensitivity and specificity were 100%and 75%, respectively with ROC of 0.875. When considering AROMA and subject demographic and subjective data, the AUC of the ROC increased to 0.9375. Conclusion: OD differentiates CUs from those with MCI and AD and can accurately predict MCI versus AD. Leveraging OD data may meaningfully guide management and research decisions.
Secure and efficient WBANs algorithm with authentication mechanism
Authors: Pathak Vinay , Singh Karan
Published: April 2021

Due to the rapid growth in sensor technology and embedded technology, wireless body area network WBANs plays a vital role in monitoring the human body system and the surrounding environment. It supports many healthcare applications on the one hand and are very much help full in pandemic scenarios. It has become the most innovative health care area, which is intriguing to many researchers because of its vast future prospective and potential. Data collected by different wireless sensors or nodes is very personal, critical, and important because of human life involvement. WBANs can minimize human to human contact, which helps stop the spread of severe infectious diseases. The biggest concern is the maintenance of privacy and accuracy of data is still a hot area of research due to nature of attacks, which are changing day by day and increasing, as well as for the sake of better performance. A suitable security mechanism is a way to address above issues, for achieving data security, it is expedient to propose a mechanism. It is essential to update the patient’s regular data. WBANs help to deliver truthful reports related to the patient’s health regularly and individually. This paper proposes an algorithm that shows a better result than the existing algorithm in their previous works. This work is all about proposing a mechanism which needs comparatively less resource. Only authentic entities can interact with the server, which has become obligatory for both sides, keeping data safe. Several authentication schemes have been proposed or discussed by different researchers. This paper has proposed a Secure and Efficient WBANs Authentication Mechanism (SEAM). This security framework will take care of the authentication and the security of transmitted data.
A multiperiod grey prediction model and its application
Authors: Luo D. , Zhang G.Z.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to solve the prediction problem of nonlinear sequences with multiperiodic features, and a multiperiod grey prediction model based on grey theory and Fourier series is established. For nonlinear sequences with both trend and periodic features, the empirical mode decomposition method is used to decompose the sequences into several periodic terms and a trend term; then, a grey model is used to fit the trend term, and the Fourier series method is used to fit the periodic terms. Finally, the optimization parameters of the model are solved with the objective of obtaining a minimum mean square error. The novel model is applied to research on the loss rate of agricultural droughts in Henan Province. The average absolute error and root mean square error of the empirical analysis are 0.3960 and 0.5086, respectively. The predicted results show that the novel model can effectively fit the loss rate sequence. Compared with other models, the novel model has higher prediction accuracy and is suitable for the prediction of multiperiod sequences.
Histological Analysis of Tibialis Anterior Muscle of DMDmdx4Cv Mice from 1 to 24 Months
Authors: Ben Larbi Sabrina , Saclier Marielle , Fessard Aurélie , Juban Gaëtan , Chazaud Bénédicte
Published: April 2021

Background:

The mdx-C57/B6 mouse model does not show the clinical signs of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), although muscles exhibit hallmarks of permanent regeneration and alterations in muscle function. The DMD mdx4Cv strain exhibits very few revertant dystrophin positive myofibers, making that model suitable for studies on gene and cell therapies.

Objective:

The study appraises the histological evolution of the Tibialis Anterior muscle of WT and DMD mdx4Cv mutant from 1 to 24 months.

Methods:

Histological analysis included a series of immunostainings of muscle sections for assessing tissue features (fibrosis, lipid deposition, necrosis) and cellular characteristics (size of myofibers, number and distribution of myonuclei, number of satellite cells, vessels, macrophages).

Results:

None of the investigated cell types (satellite cells, endothelial cells, macrophages) showed variations in their density within the tissue in both WT and DMD mdx4Cv muscle. However, analyzing their number per myofiber showed that in DMD mdx4Cv, myofiber capillarization was increased from 1 to 6 months as compared with WT muscle, then dropped from 12 months. Macrophage number did not vary in WT muscle and peaked at 6 months in DMD mdx4Cv muscle. The number of satellite cells per myofiber did not vary in WT muscle while it remained high in DMD mdx4Cv muscle, starting to decrease from 12 months and being significantly lower at 24 months of age. Myofiber size was not different in DMD mdx4Cv from WT except at 24 months, when it strongly decreased in DMD mdx4Cv muscle. Necrosis and lipid deposition were rare in DMD mdx4Cv muscle. Fibrosis did not increase with age in DMD mdx4Cv muscle and was higher than in WT at 6 and 12 months of age.

Conclusions:

As a whole, the results show a strong decrease of the myofiber size at 24 months, and an increased capillarization until 6 months of age in DMD mdx4Cv as compared with the WT. Thus, DMD mdx4Cv mice poorly recapitulates histological DMD features, and its use should take into account the age of the animals according to the purpose of the investigation.
Constipation is Associated with Development of Cognitive Impairment in de novo Parkinson’s Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis of Two International Cohorts
Authors: Leta Valentina , Urso Daniele , Batzu Lucia , Weintraub Daniel , Titova Nataliya , Aarsland Dag , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Borghammer Per , van Wamelen Daniel J. , Yousaf Tayyabah , Rizos Alexandra , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Chung-Faye Guy , Chaudhuri K. Ray
Published: April 2021

Background: Constipation is regarded as one of the prodromal features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and there is emerging evidence linking gastrointestinal dysfunction and cognitive impairment (CI) in PD. Objective: We explored whether constipation is associated with development of CI in two independent cohorts of de novo PD patients (n = 196 from the Non-motor International Longitudinal Study [NILS] and n = 423 from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative [PPMI] study). Methods: Constipation was clinically defined using the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) item-21 [NILS] and Scales for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) item-5 [PPMI]. We assessed baseline group differences (PD with or without constipation) in CI, global non-motor symptoms burden, motor dysfunction, and striatal dopaminergic denervation. Kaplan-Meier method estimated group differences in cumulative proportion of patients with incident CI over three years. In PPMI, we subsequently performed univariate and multivariate Cox survival analyses to evaluate whether constipation predicts incident mild cognitive impairment or dementia over a 6-year period, including constipation and other known predictors of CI as covariates. Results: Patients with constipation had greater motor and global non-motor burden in both cohorts at baseline (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots showed faster conversion to CI in patients with constipation in both cohorts (p < 0.05). In PPMI, 37 subjects developed dementia during a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, and constipation was an independent predictor of dementia onset (hazard ratio = 2.311; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Constipation in de novo PD patients is associated with development of cognitive decline and may serve as a clinical biomarker for identification of patients at risk for cognitive impairment.
Application of PageRank Algorithm to Division I NCAA men’s basketball as bracket formation and outcome predictive utility
Authors: Matthews Nicole R. , McClain Andrew , Smith Chase M.L. , Tennant Adam G.
Published: April 2021

This article examines the use of the PageRank algorithm to rank the teams and predict team performance in the tournament. This method has the potential to be utilized as an alternative method to choose tournament participants, as opposed to the traditional ranking and seeding process currently employed by the NCAA. PageRank allows for the consideration of all games played during the regular season (average of 5832 games per season) and for customizable performance weights in the prediction. The PageRank algorithm is a viable tool in predicting tournament outcomes due to depth and extensiveness of the data. The PageRank analysis helped to predict over half of the tournament game outcomes correctly in 2014-2018 and produced an average bracket score of 81.8 points out of 192 possible over the same 5 years.
Encouraging physical activities at home for people with multiple sclerosis with mHealth tools: A literature review
Authors: Chassan Clémence , Jost Céline , Sévène Marc , Cras Olivier , De Broucker Thomas , Archambault Dominique
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative neurological disease with visual, sensitive, motor, or cognitive symptoms. Physical activities are recommended for people with MS (pwMS) who are at home instead of in a rehabilitation program, to help them to maintain their autonomy. Since a lack of motivation appears to be the principal barrier for pwMS to practice exercises, it is necessary to evaluate whether mobile health (mHealth) tools can offer a solution to stimulate their motivation.

OBJECTIVE:

This literature review analyzes papers to investigate to how a mobile application can motivate pwMS to practice physical activities and manage their fatigue.

METHODS:

We performed an automatic query from digital libraries and analyzed the studies.

RESULTS:

We selected seven articles that responded to our criteria. These studies tested mobile applications that used different strategies to motivate pwMS to practice physical exercises at home and manage their fatigue. A lack of motivation was the main obstacle, but depending on the type of exercises chosen, some application settings seemed to resolve this issue.

CONCLUSIONS:

Studies in this area are limited, although this literature review highlights the need for mHealth tools in which pwMS and their therapists contribute to their use and conception.
Comparing ten WCAG tools for accessibility evaluation of websites
Authors: Kumar Shashank , Shree DV Jeevitha , Biswas Pradipta
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Web accessibility is one of the most important aspects of building a website. It is important for web developers to ensure that their website is accessible according to WCAG standards for people with different range of abilities. There is plethora of tools for ensuring conformance to WCAG standards but not many studies compared performance of automatic WCAG tools.

OBJECTIVE:

This paper compares a set of ten WCAG tools and their results in terms of ease of comprehension and interpretation by web developers. We proposed a Common User Profile format to help personalize contents of website making it accessible to people with different range of abilities.

METHODS:

We selected ten WCAG tools from World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to evaluate landing pages of two popular websites. For each webpage, we identified accessibility issues and recommended alternate suggestions to help developers improve accessibility. Further, we highlighted accessibility issues that cannot be captured only through conformance to WCAG tools; and proposed additional methods to evaluate accessibility through an Inclusive User Model. We then demonstrated how simulation of user interaction can capture usability and accessibility issues that are not detected through only syntactic analysis of websites’ content. Finally, we proposed a Common User Profile format that can be used to compare and contrast accessibility systems and services, and to simulate and personalize interaction for users with different range of abilities.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

After careful evaluation of two websites using the ten tools, we noted that, both websites lacked color contrast between background and foreground; lack of sign language alternatives; opening of pop-ups without proper warnings and so on. Further, results from comparative analysis of selected web accessibility tools noted that, there is no single tool that can be found ideal in all aspects. However, from our study, Utilitia Validator by Utilitia SP. z O.O was considered the most feasible tool. By rectifying and incorporating issues and alternate suggestions by simulation study and Common User Profile format respectively, developers can improve both websites making it accessible to maximum audience.
A simple and fast ASD-POCS algorithm for image reconstruction
Authors: Qiao Zhiwei
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:

The adaptive steepest descent projection onto convex set (ASD-POCS) algorithm is a promising algorithm for constrained total variation (TV) type norm minimization models in computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction using sparse and/or noisy data. However, in ASD-POCS algorithm, the existing gradient expression of the TV-type norm appears too complicated in the implementation code and reduces image reconstruction speed. To address this issue, this work aims to develop and test a simple and fast ASD-POCS algorithm.

METHODS:

Since the original algorithm is not derived thoroughly, we first obtain a simple matrix-form expression by thorough derivation via matrix representations. Next, we derive the simple matrix expressions of the gradients of TV, adaptive weighted TV (awTV), total p-variation (TpV), high order TV (HOTV) norms by term combinations and matrix representations. The deep analysis is then performed to identify the hidden relations of these terms.

RESULTS:

The TV reconstruction experiments by use of sparse-view projections via the Shepp-Logan, FORBILD and a real CT image phantoms show that the simplified ASD-POCS (S-ASD-POCS) using the simple matrix-form expression of TV gradient achieve the same reconstruction accuracy relative to ASD-POCS, whereas it enables to speed up the whole ASD process 1.8–2.7 time fast.

CONCLUSIONS:

The derived simple matrix expressions of the gradients of these TV-type norms may simplify the implementation of the ASD-POCS algorithm and speed up the ASD process. Additionally, a general gradient expression suitable to all the sparse transform-based optimization models is demonstrated so that the ASD-POCS algorithm may be tailored to extended image reconstruction fields with accelerated computational speed.
3D MT Anisotropic Inversion Based on Unstructured Finite-element Method
Authors: Cao Xiaoyue , Huang Xin , Yin Changchun , Yan Liangjun , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2021

The conventional 3D magnetotelluric (MT) forward modeling and inversions generally assume an isotropic earth model. However, wrong results can be obtained when using an isotropic model to interpret the data influenced by the anisotropy. To effectively model and recover the earth structures including anisotropy, we develop a 3D MT inversion framework for a triaxial anisotropic model. We use the unstructured finite-element method for our forward modeling. This offers more possibility to simulate more complex underground geology and topography. To solve the inverse modeling problem, we use a limited-memory quasi-Newton algorithm (L-BFGS) with a parallel direct solver for optimization that avoids the explicit calculation of the Hessian matrix and saves the memory and computational time. We validate our algorithm via numerical experiments on both synthetic data and MT survey data from the US Array project.
Application of the Wide Field Electromagnetic Method for Oil and Gas Exploration in a Red-bed Basin of South China
Authors: Li Diquan , Zhang Qiaoxun
Published: April 2021

Red-bed basins with rich hydrocarbon source rocks are widely distributed in south China, such as Banshi Basin in southern Jiangxi, which may have very good prospects for oil and gas exploration. However, due to poor ground conditions, and complex geological structures, seismic exploration and conventional electromagnetic methods cannot provide useful information for hydrocarbon evaluation. This study uses the wide field electromagnetic (WFEM) method to investigate the distribution and geoelectric characteristics of the target stratum of a red-bed basin in Jiangxi province, China. The inversion results demonstrate that the WFEM method could quickly delineate the favorable area and determine the location of the parametric well, confirming that the WFEM method is an effective geophysical exploration method for evaluating hydrocarbon resources in red-bed basins.
One-dimensional Laterally Constrained Joint Anisotropic Inversion of CSRMT and ERT Data
Authors: Shlykov Arseny , Saraev Alexander , Agrahari Sudha , Tezkan Bülent , Singh Akarsh
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we discuss several approaches for a joint inversion of controlled source radiomagnetotelluric (CSRMT) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data observed over anisotropic media. We compare results of 2D isotropic joint inversion with results of a newly developed joint 1D anisotropic inversion algorithm. The developed algorithm involves the full controlled source high frequency forward and inversion formulations without the plane wave assumption. We demonstrate that for measurements on an anisotropic subsurface the isotropic joint inversion cannot fit both datasets properly due to a high anisotropy of shallow horizons of quaternary sands and loams. The joint anisotropic inversion helps to solve this problem and highlights the advantages of a joint inversion of CSRMT and ERT data. We also demonstrate application of the laterally constrain algorithm for the anisotropic inversion. Results of the joint 1D anisotropic inversion of CSRMT and ERT data were successfully compared with existing borehole data.
Determinação de alterações morfológicas durante a maturação de sementes de melão com uso de raios X
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Cassiano Cristiano Vasconcelos , Silva Patrícia Pereira da ,   Universidade de Brasília, Morais Alexandre Augusto de ,   Embrapa Hortaliças, Nascimento Warley Marcos ,   Embrapa Hortaliças
Published: April 2021

The search for melon with high physiologic quality is essential to have competitive material compared to the imported. The analysis of images realized through X-ray is a technique that verify internal morphology and relates with the seed performance. In this way, the goal of this study was to evaluate the seed physiological quality from melon of Anton cultivar in function of different phase of maturation of stored and non-stored fruits through the visualization of internal morphology of seeds using X-ray images. The experiment was managed from December of 2016 to February of 2018. The yellow-melon fruits analyzed were cultivated in Embrapa Hortaliças greenhouse. The fruits were picked in five distinct periods: 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). In each period were picked a total of 30 fruits where 15 fruits had their seeds immediately extracted after been picked, and 15 fruits were stored. The 15 fruits stored were packed in plastic box properly identified for a period of fifteen days in airy place with room temperature. The 30 fruits were subjected to the same process of seed extraction, washing and drying. The dried seeds from stored and non-stored fruits were submitted to the following analyses: X-ray test and the germination test. The treatment of 60 DAA over storage shown better performance with 67% in the germination test on the first counting and 87% of normal seedlings. This result is similar to the noted in the X-ray test where the treatment demonstrated 96% of filled seeds showing the viability of this tool to determine physiologic quality in the melon seeds.
Manejo extrahospitalario de la fibrilación auricular y su Adecuación a las guías de práctica clínica
Authors: Domínguez Manzano Noelia , Rodríguez Roca Sebastián , Camacho Marente Violeta , Novalbos José Pedro , Rodríguez Aguado Orestes Octavio
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Estudiar la variabilidad del manejo de la fibrilación auricular (FA) por equipos de emergencias y su adherencia a las guías de tratamiento.
Material y método. Estudio descriptivo de episodios de FA atendidos en dos años en Cádiz. Recogemos 236 pacientes. Analizamos antecedentes, actuación del equipo y resultados de control de frecuencia y ritmo. Construimos un índice sintético de adecuación terapéutica (ISAT) con rango de -3 a 3.
Resultados. 236 pacientes, 68% varones, las mujeres más jóvenes (66 vs 75 años); 43.8% fueron primeros episodios. El fármaco más usado es la amiodarona. El 16,1% de las asistencias presentaron adherencia completa (ISAT 3) y el 63,1%, adecuación parcial positiva (ISAT 1-2); la mayor variabilidad clínica se produjo en la bradicardización. La adecuación fue: 62,3% para anticoagulación, 68.2% para bradicardización y 56.8% para cardioversión. Existió un 40,7% de control de frecuencia y un 96% de derivación hospitalaria.
Conclusión. Debemos aumentar el porcentaje de anticoagulación y empleo de bloqueadores-beta y calcioantagonistas en sustitución de amiodarona. El ISAT permite mejorar la adecuación a las GPC que facilita controlar síntomas, frecuencia y reducir estancias en los servicios de urgencia.
Reconceptualizing Student Engagement
Authors: Ghazzawi Dina , McKinney Lyle , Horn Catherine , Backsheider Burridge Andrea , Carales Vincent
Published: April 2021

International students in the United States have been increasingly attracted to community colleges as a starting point to higher education. Recently, their enrollment has been dropping. Research highlights the importance of student engagement to international students. However, few studies investigate their engagement experiences in community colleges. This study investigated the validity of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) benchmarks as proxies for international student engagement in community colleges. The original CCSSE benchmarks were a poor fit for international students. Resulting constructs and underlying items differed significantly from the original benchmarks and demonstrated poor reliability. Findings highlight the inapplicability of CCSSE benchmarks in representing international student engagement. Recommendations include adding culturally relevant variables to the CCSSE structure more applicable to international student populations, and accompanying the survey with qualitative input for in-depth knowledge of international student experiences.
The Role of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Dahlan Rully Hanafi , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia , Ade Christian , Raharjo Ayu Iswandari
Published: April 2021

Introduction :In the past half of century, the spinal surgery techniques has advanced significantly. Along with the improvement and various of techniques and technologies in general, there has been a big movement to reduce the morbidity of surgery.
Case review : As opposed to open spine surgery, minimally invasive surgical approaches can be faster, safer and require less recovery time. The minimally invasive spine surgery also need to make an efficient target of surgery. The roots in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) are based primarily on technique modifications.
Discussion: The Williams microdiscectomy, described in 1978, revolutionized MISS by starting the evolution of lumbar discectomy from an open surgery through a 6-inch incision to a microsurgical approach through as small an opening as possible.
Conclusion :We don’t use the MISS technique when the extension of tumor is more than 2 levels; extension of the tumor is 20% longer than diameter of largest retractor; the tumor > 3cm for interlaminary approach, the wide durotomy is needed; and also the case with intramedullary tumor with 80% extention, from left to the right side; en bloc as the the goal of surgery for extradural tumor
Comparative between Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Literature Review
Authors: Rasyid Fahmi , Mouza Abdurrahman
Published: April 2021

Craniosynostosis (CS) refers to the premature fusion in the perinatal stage of one or multiple skull sutures, also denominated synostoses (sagittal, metopic, uni and bilateral coronal, and lamboidal), which are commonly accompanied by facial, trunk, and limb deformities. During normal human body and head development, cranial growth achieves approximately 80% of the adult size at birth and its definitive size between 2.5 and 3 years of age. In the fetal or newborn skull, the flat bones are separated by four fontanelles and six major cranial sutures that participate in this process. Hereby presented the literature review of syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis.
Gobernanza ambiental de la metrópoli: análisis de las propuestas de gobernanza ambiental para la ciudad de São Paulo en las elecciones municipales de 2016
Authors: Teixeira de Barros Antonio
Published: April 2021

El artículo examina como propuestas de gobernanza ambiental en los países candidatos al Municipio de São Paulo en 2016. La metodología consistió en la evaluación del contenido de los programas. El levantamientofue realizado en septiembre de 2016, durante una campaña electoral. Además, se han realizado entrevistas con integrantes de las empresas de marketing y de los candidatos, con el objetivo de profundizar cualitativamente el análisis. Las conclusiones muestran que, de los doce candidatos, nueve presentaron propuestas ambientales en sus programas de gobierno, con tres perfiles diferenciados: uno amplio, uno intermediario y otro más limitado.
“Nuestra única venganza es ser felices”: emociones, sentimientos y militancias de H.I.J.O.S. en Espacios de memoria
Authors: Sofía Tavano Carolina
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo se inserta en los debates acerca del lugar que ocupan las emociones y sentimientos en la constitución y permanencia de la acción colectiva, entendiéndolos como resultado de construcciones socioculturales, cuyo abordaje permite comprender de manera más compleja diversos fenómenos sociopolíticos.El objetivo es analizar los sentidos, emociones y sentimientos que se construyen entre los militantes de la agrupación H.I.J.O.S. a partir de la participación en el Espacio de memoria ExESMA, en relación con el propio espacio, la agrupación y sus integrantes, como también hacia las autoridades del Gobierno Nacional entre los años 2003 y 2015. Desde una metodología cualitativa, se priorizará la perspectiva de los actores a partir de testimonios recuperados de fuentes primarias y secundarias.Mediante el análisis de esta experiencia se dará cuenta de cómo sentimientos como la injusticia, la impunidad y el dolor son procesados y transformados colectivamente a partir de la organización, a la par que se redefine su vinculación con el Estado.
Modelación y simulación basada en agentes en ciencias sociales: una aproximación al estado del arte
Authors: Vélez Torres Álvaro
Published: April 2021

La modelación y la simulación con agentes es una tercera vía de hacer ciencia, y su potencial no radica en la predicción, sino en la comprensión de procesos fundamentales de fenómenos complejos. ¿De qué forma la modelación y simulación computacional basada en agentes puede ayudar en ciencias sociales a estudiar fenómenos complejos? El supuesto es que permite estudiar mediante sociedades artificiales la emergencia de fenómenos, y establecer vínculos entre los supuestos teóricos y los hechos empíricos. Además, los modelos basados en agentes permiten estudiar comportamientos emergentes a nivel macro a partir de estudiar comportamientos micro –bottom up-.  Al respecto, este documento tiene el objetivo de construir un inicial estado del arte en este tema. Los retos y problemas pendientes se ubican en la validación empírica, en este sentido la estimación estadística y el modelado acompañado son los principales enfoques.
Familia, género y sexualidad en las teleseries chilenas contemporáneas. Afinidades con la teoría sociológica y los estudios realizados en el país
Authors: Vidal Velis Francisco
Published: April 2021

Los temas de familia, género y sexualidad han sido abordados por distintos autores e investigadores, quienes sostienen la producción de importantes cambios en estos ámbitos. El presente artículo describe las formas familiares, las relaciones de género y la sexualidad que difunden cinco teleseries chilenas, resultados que se discuten a la luz de la teoría sociológica y de los estudios realizados en el país. Se trata de un estudio interpretativo basado en principios de la etnografía, del bricoleur y de la grounded theory. De los resultados llama la atención la importancia que adquieren las familias reconstituidas -escasamente abordadas en los estudios nacionales-, los modelos alternativos de género y la diversidad de relacionamientos sexuales contenidos en estos programas, aspectos que la sociología considera característicos de la sociedad moderna. Se plantea la necesidad de ampliar las categorías sociológicas usadas en los estudios, incorporando nuevos tipos de familia, particularmente las reconstituidas y homoparentales.
Representaciones Sociales del endeudamiento del consumidor, diferencias por género, edad y grupos de renta.
Authors: Peñaloza Verónica , Paula Sousa Felipe Gerhard , De Carvalho Helder Araujo , Denegri Coria Marianela
Published: April 2021

El endeudamiento es un problema social grave y creciente que aflige consumidores en todo el mundo. En ese contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las representaciones sociales del endeudamiento y si esta representación difiere según las características socio-demográficas de la población. Para alcanzar los objetivos de la investigación, se realizó un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con 831 individuos, de ambos sexos, diferentes edades y estratos sociales, en una ciudad del nordeste de Brasil. Los principales resultados mostraron que el fenómeno del endeudamiento va más allá de lo estrictamente financiero, una vez que fueran alzadas categorías semánticas involucrando factores cognoscitivos y afectivos, además de estructuras de las económico-financieras. Las complejas y heterogéneas representaciones encontradas abordan asuntos muy amplios que van desde causas comportamentales, compras y consumismo, pasando por el sistema financiero y crediticio, temas de coyuntura político-económica a situaciones que afectan a las personas, en términos de salud, y/o provocan sentimientos de vergüenza y/o malestar en general.
Cuerpos impropios apropiando el espacio expropiado: las luchas de las mujeres trans en Tijuana
Authors: Amao Ceniceros Melina
Published: April 2021

Las ciudades están habitadas por una diversidad de sujetos en cuyos cuerpos se inscriben experiencias de vida cotidiana diferenciadas, pues tanto lo corporal como lo espacial están atravesados por múltiples ejes de poder. El género es uno de esos ejes dado que opera como sistema de clasificación doblemente binario: lo femenino/masculino y lo normal/abyecto. Ello produce cuerpos periféricos y, así, tramas de sentido que trazan los itinerarios experienciales de las mujeres trans al ser leídas como cuerpos transgresores de la norma de género. Empleando el grupo de discusión y el trabajo de campo experiencial, este artículo recupera la experiencia colectiva de las trabajadoras sexuales trans de Tijuana (México) en defensa de su derecho a la no violencia tras numerosos casos de extorsión policiaca, problematizando desde el cuerpo/emociones su habitar urbano cotidiano. Dentro de los resultados, se analiza la producción de espacios contrapúblicos que resemantizan lo público, lo trans y lo femenino.
La construccion del cuerpo del SIDA y sus estigmas
Authors: Obando Cid Augusto Claudio , Vásquez Palma Olga Angélica
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se asume que el cuerpo excluido y sufriente es construido por la estructura social en connivencia con el sujeto y los colectivos que la componen. Aquellos que sufren no logran incluirse en el modelo impuesto, su ser es preso por una construcción cultural que lo limita. En Chile a partir del golpe militar de 1973, se posicionó al estado y sus agentes, como una estructura todopoderosa destinada a buscar y aniquilar al enemigo interno, para ello se necesitó caracterizarlo física, social y politicamente. La normalidad, los estereotipos y el estigma fueron más claros que nunca. En la década de los 80, en la etapa de consolidación del modelo político-económico neoliberal, en medio de la cimentación de una imagen país pulcra y exitosa, se inicia la construcción de un particular sujeto de peligro asociado a una pandemia mundial, que denominaremos el cuerpo del SIDA. Este se suma a los cuerpos objeto de sufrimiento y exclusión existentes en el país; trasciende al enemigo interno terrorista, su aparición fue posicionada inmediatamente en el márgen de la sociedad, trajo consigo una generación de discursos y prácticas opresivas, adicionales a las que ya había,  las cuales son necesarias develar y situar historicamente.El presente texto indaga y da  cuenta del momento inicial de la construccion del cuerpo del SIDA y sus estigmas,  situado en la década de los 80, a través de la revision de la prensa escrita, entre julio- agosto de 1984, cuando aparece el primer caso en Chile de SIDA.El texto propone explorar la relación entre regímenes de visibilidad en los cuerpos en el contexto social, evidenciados en los medios de comunicación y sustentado en el discurso biomédico, exhibidos para aterrorizar y por tanto para justificar su destrucción. Es un primer intento de describir el mercado del estigma y los alcances de la gestión del cuerpo terrorista en el contexto del capitalismo en clave neoliberal (biocapitalismo). Con ello se pretende evidenciar la situación cotidiana de la violencia contra los cuerpos estigmatizados, negados e invisibilizados, expuestos solo para que la sociedad, la masa dominada, conozca el terror de unirse a ellos, esos cuerpos terroristas que traen inscrito en su sola existencia el terror y por ello se justifica su aniquilación.
Desarrollo orientado al transporte como inductor de prácticas de sustentabilidad urbana en ciudades medias emergentes
Authors: Iusry Abulatif Lisandro , De Souza Silva André , Colusso Izabele
Published: April 2021

Este estudio trata de la posibilidad del uso de planes de movilidad urbana (PMU) de ciudades medias emergentes (CME) como inductores para incorporación del enfoque de sostenibilidad en procesos de planificación y gestión urbana a partir de la utilización de los principios de la metodología de desarrollo orientado al transporte (TOD). Es una investigación exploratoria que identifica las CME’s de Brasil, mapea la utilización de los principios TOD en los PMU's en ciudades ubicadas en las Regiones Sur y Centro-Oeste de Brasil utilizando la técnica de text mining, y compara PMU's con planes directores para identificar oportunidades para incorporación de los principios TOD. En los resultados se identificó que de 35 CME’s en las Regiones investigadas, sólo diez poseían PMU. De estas, todas tratan de temas de los principios TOD, pero en niveles distintos. A partir de los resultados se hacen recomendaciones para implementación de los principios TOD para CME’s
La recuperación de los comunes en el sur-austral: construcción institucional de Espacios Costeros Marinos de Pueblos Originarios
Authors: Diestre de la Barra Florencia , Araos Leiva Francisco
Published: April 2021

La creación de los Espacios Costeros Marinos para Pueblos Originarios (ECMPOs) pone de manifiesto las disputas por los recursos comunes arraigadas en interacciones entre usuarios que mantienen intereses divergentes sobre la zona marino-costera. Aplicando la propuesta analítica de la Ecología política neo-institucionalista y el análisis de encuadre o frame, el artículo analiza el proceso de construcción institucional para la recuperación de los comunes mediante la creación e implementación de ECMPOs en el sur-austral de Chile. En este proceso las posiciones de los grupos de interés son legitimadas a través de discursos y narrativas donde se contrapone la visión de los espacios costeros como limitantes del desarrollo local y regional, y aquella visión que los respalda como herramienta clave para el resguardo de los comunes y del territorio.
La influencia de la posición de los agentes en la elaboración de políticas públicas de turismo en campos turísticos: una perspectiva comparada en América Latina
Authors: Costa Bifano de Oliveira Marcela , Duarte Pimentel Thiago
Published: April 2021

El propósito de este artículo fue analizar la dinámica de interacción entre los agentes de los campos turísticos de Juiz de Fora (Brasil), Quito (Ecuador) y Mazatlán (México) en torno a la elaboración de una política turística, la cual es tomada como objeto de disputa central en cada campo. La teoría de los campos sociales de Pierre Bourdieu fue utilizada para entender la dinámica de la interacción entre los agentes, identificando aquellos con mayor volumen de capital. Utilizamos técnicas historiográficas, cualitativas y cuantitativas para reconstruir cada uno de los campos turísticos y analizar los elementos que conducen a las disposiciones y toma de posición de los agentes. De la comparación entre los campos turísticos latinoamericanos se desprende que, en los tres casos, el proceso de elaboración de las políticas turísticas tiende a estar influido predominantemente por los agentes con mayor volumen de capital, aunque el proceso de interacción y su resultante se produce de forma diferenciada, donde el tipo de agente y el de capital específico varían según el contexto y la estructura política de cada campo. Todavía, en todos ellos, la política pública resultante tiende a asumir el punto de vista formal supuestamente neutro, dialógico y consensuado, enmascarando, así como universales los intereses particulares de cada agente
La educación chilena, ¿no se vende? Movilización estudiantil y la configuración del problema público universitario
Authors: Paredes P Juan Pablo , Araya Guzmán Camila
Published: April 2021

El propósito del artículo es describir y comprender el proceso de configuración del problema público de la educación superior chilena, a partir de la movilización estudiantil en defensa de la educación pública, hasta la conformación de una respuesta política institucional limitada la idea de gratuidad (2011-2017). A través de una investigación cualitativa que conjuga diferentes procedimientos de producción de información, y aplicando la perspectiva de la sociología de los problemas públicos, proponemos como hallazgo más significativo la conformación de dos momentos en el proceso, que definen dos arenas y problemáticas diferenciadas. El momento de la manifestación pública (2011-2013) asociada a la demanda por el derecho a la educación pública gratuita, y el momento de la arena técnico-institucional de la gratuidad (2014-2017). Concluimos reconociendo algunos alcances sociopolíticos del proceso, en especial para la movilización estudiantil y su causa pública, a partir de la comparación entre ambos momentos.
El destino de Sísifo. Régimen político y nueva Constitución en Cuba
Authors: Chaguaceda Armando , Viera Cañive Eloy
Published: April 2021

El texto aborda las transformaciones y persistencias político- institucionales, enmarcadas en el proceso (2016-2019) de debate y aprobación de una nueva Constitución en Cuba. Se ubica la experiencia dentro de la familia de los constitucionalismos autocráticos, específicamente en su modalidad soviética. Se analizan los elementos estructurales del régimen (post)totalitario vigente, poniéndolos en relación con las reformas e innovaciones legales aprobadas en la nueva Carta Magna. Al final, se evalúan las posibilidades que el nuevo marco constitucional ofrece para un mayor empoderamiento ciudadano, de cara a las demandas sociales y las transformaciones pendientes del modelo cubano.