bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chikungunya Death Risk Factors in Brazil, in 2017: A case-control study
Authors: de Morais Alves Barbosa Oliveira Rhaquel , Kalline de Almeida Barreto Francisca , Praça Pinto Geovana , Timbó Queiroz Isabella , Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo Fernanda , Wanderley Lopes Kilma , Lúcia Sousa do Vale Regina , Rocha Queiroz Lemos Daniele , Washington Cavalcante John , Machado Siqueira André , Carla Vinhal Frutuoso Lívia , Carmen Duarte Elisabeth , Silva Lima Neto Antônio , Ricardo Ribas Freitas André , Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti Luciano
Published: April 2022

Background

In 2016/2017 we had a major epidemic of chikungunya (CHIK) in Brazil, with many deaths. We evaluated to factors associated with deaths from CHIK that occurred in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil.

Methods

A matched case-control study was conducted (1:2), by sex, age (± 5 years) and neighborhood. Cases were CHIK deaths that occurred between January 1 and December 31, 2017, in Fortaleza, Brazil, and which were laboratory confirmed. Controls were laboratory confirmed CHIK patients occurring in the same neighborhood and in the same period, but which did not progress to death.

Results

82 cases of CHIK and 164 controls were included. Considering the clinical history, significant associations were found between other chronic heart diseases (OR 3.8; CI: 1.53–9.26) and chronic kidney disease (OR 12.77; CI: 2.75–59.4). In the multivariate analysis of the variables related to signs and symptoms, fever (OR: 19.23 CI: 1.73–213.78), abdominal pain (OR: 3; 74 CI: 1.06–13.16), apathy (OR: 11.62 CI: 2.95–45.82) and dyspnea (OR: 50.61; CI: 12.37–207.18) were identified with greater likelihood of death from CHIK. It also stood out that altered blood glucose was associated with cases with a worse prognosis (OR: 13.5; CI: 1.3–135.0). Among the laboratory findings, only lymphocytes and albumin were not associated with greater likelihood of death.

Conclusion

The factors related with deaths were chronic kidney disease and previous heart disease, presence of fever, abdominal pain, apathy, dyspnea and arthritis and laboratory findings such as leukocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia.
Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of the fruit of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk
Authors: Sun Jixiang , Li Qian , Li Jianguang , Liu Jing , Xu Fang
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study assessed the major nutrients and antioxidant properties of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk fruits collected from the Nanshan Mountain area of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Methods and materials

We assessed the basic nutrients, including amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids, and determined the total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of the extracts.

Results

The analytical results revealed the average water (75.22 g/100 g), total fat (0.506 g/100 g), total protein (2.55 g/100 g), ash (1.31 g/100 g), and carbohydrate (17.72 g/100 g) contents in fresh B. heteropoda fruit, with total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of B. heteropoda fruits at 68.55 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 108.42 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and 19.83 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/g, respectively. Additionally, UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE analysis of polyphenols in B. heteropoda fruit revealed 32 compounds.

Conclusion

B. heteropoda fruits may have potential nutraceutical value and represent a potential source of nutrition and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet.
Interpersonal responses to facial expressions of disgust, anger, and happiness in individuals with varying levels of social anxiety
Authors: aan het Rot Marije , Friederici Christina , Krause Sandra C. , de Jong Peter J.
Published: April 2022

Background and objectives

Facial expression recognition has been studied extensively, including in relation to social anxiety. Nonetheless, a limited number of studies examined recognition of disgust expressions. Results suggest that disgust is perceived as more threatening than anger, and thus may invite more extreme responses. However, few studies have examined responses to facial expressions. These studies have focused on approach-avoidance responses. Our primary aim was to examine to what extent anger and disgust expressions might invite interpersonal responses in terms of quarrelsomeness-agreeableness and dominance-submissiveness. As social anxiety has been previously associated with a heightened sensitivity to anger and disgust expressions, as well as with alterations in quarrelsomeness-agreeableness and dominance-submissiveness, our secondary aim was to examine whether social anxiety would moderate these responses.

Methods

Participants were 55 women and 43 men who completed social anxiety measures, including the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale, and two tasks that involved “targets” expressing anger, disgust, or happiness at 0%, 50%, or 100%. Participants first indicated how quarrelsome or agreeable and how dominant or submissive they would be towards each target, and then how much they would avoid or approach each target.

Results

While 100% disgust and anger expressions invited similar levels of quarrelsomeness and avoidance, 50% disgust invited more quarrelsomeness and stronger avoidance than 50% anger. While these patterns were not meaningfully moderated by social anxiety, individuals with higher BFNE scores showed a relatively strong approach of happy faces.

Limitations

Actual interpersonal behaviour in response to facial expressions was not assessed.

Conclusions

Findings support the relevance of disgust as an interpersonal signal and suggest that, especially at mild intensity, disgust may have a stronger impact than anger on people’s quarrelsomeness and avoidance responses. Findings provided no support for the view that people with social anxiety would be particularly responsive to disgust (or anger) expressions.
The impact of digital finance on household participation in risky financial markets: Evidence-based study from China
Authors: Ye Yun , Pu Yongjian , Xiong Ailun
Published: April 2022

Chinese households have overinvested in risk-free financial assets, resulting in a single structure of financial assets. However, this proportion declined as digital finance developed. By combing the data from the China Household Finance Survey Data and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China, we find that digital finance significantly promotes household participation in risky financial markets. Further mechanistic analysis unveils that digital finance mainly affects households’ participation in risky financial markets by reducing the lack of investment channels, promoting households’ access to financial information and increasing the possibility of household risk appetite. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis suggests that digital finance effectively reduces the deterrent effect of wealth and cognitive thresholds on all households, reflecting the inclusive nature of financial development. Our findings provide an empirical basis for the mainstream positioning of digital finance in the development of inclusive finance, and display its positive impact on social welfare.
Multivariate functional group sparse regression: Functional predictor selection
Authors: Mahzarnia Ali , Song Jun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose methods for functional predictor selection and the estimation of smooth functional coefficients simultaneously in a scalar-on-function regression problem under a high-dimensional multivariate functional data setting. In particular, we develop two methods for functional group-sparse regression under a generic Hilbert space of infinite dimension. We show the convergence of algorithms and the consistency of the estimation and the selection (oracle property) under infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the methods in both the selection and the estimation of functional coefficients. The applications to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveal the regions of the human brain related to ADHD and IQ.
A retrospective analysis of honey bee (Apis mellifera) pesticide toxicity data
Authors: Farruggia Frank T. , Garber Kristina , Hartless Christine , Jones Kristin , Kyle Lee , Mastrota Nicholas , Milone Joseph P. , Sankula Sujatha , Sappington Keith , Stebbins Katherine , Steeger Thomas , Summers Holly , Thompson Pamela G. , Wagman Michael
Published: April 2022

Current USEPA ecological risk assessments for pesticide registration include a determination of potential risks to bees. Toxicity data are submitted to support these assessments and the USEPA maintains a large database containing acute and chronic toxicity data on adult and larval honey bees (Apis mellifera), which USEPA considers a surrogate for Apis and non-Apis bees. We compared these toxicity data to explore possible trends. This analysis indicated a significant correlation between acute contact and oral median lethal dose (LD50) values for adult honey bees (ρ = 0.74, p <0.0001). Using default EPA modeling assumptions, where exposure for an individual bee is roughly 12x lower through contact than through ingestion, the analysis indicates that the oral LD50 is similarly if not more protective of the contact LD50 for the majority of pesticides and modes of action evaluated. The analysis also provided evidence that compounds with a lower acute toxicity for adults through contact and oral exposure pathways may still be acutely toxic for larvae. The acute toxicity of herbicides and fungicides was higher for larvae relative to oral and contact toxicity for adult honey bees for the same compounds and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from chronic toxicity studies were lower for larvae relative to adults, indicating increased sensitivity of larvae. When comparing 8-day LD50 values between single dose larval acute studies to those derived from repeat dose 22-day larval chronic toxicity studies, the LD50 values derived from chronic studies were significantly lower than those from acute toxicity tests (Z = -37, p = 0.03).
Frequency of hemorrhage after tooth extraction in patients treated with a direct oral anticoagulant: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Hiroshi Iwabuchi , Natsuko Sawai Y. , Yutaka Imai , Masayori Shirakawa , Hiroyuki Nakao , Hirohisa Imai
Published: April 2022

Objective

Few studies have compared the frequency of hemorrhages after tooth extraction between patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and those taking warfarin or no anticoagulants. Further, the effects of the timing of DOAC administration and tooth extraction on the frequency of post-extraction hemorrhage have not been demonstrated. Therefore, we compared the frequency of post-extraction hemorrhages in patients in these different conditions and examined the effects of the timing of DOAC administration and tooth extraction on the frequency.

Design

Prospective multicenter study

Setting

Eighty-six Japanese hospitals.

Participants

In total, 182 teeth extracted from 145 individuals (119 teeth from adult males) receiving dabigatran and 88 teeth from individuals (62 teeth from adult males) receiving rivaroxaban were included.

Intervention

Tooth extraction was followed by a 7-day observational period between November 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015. Dabigatran was administered twice daily; rivaroxaban was administered once a day.

Primary outcome measure

Hemorrhage after tooth extraction.

Results

The frequency of hemorrhage after tooth extraction was 1.65%, 3.41%, and 3.63% in those treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin, respectively, and 0.39% in those who did not receive anticoagulants. Hemorrhages after tooth extraction were significantly higher in the rivaroxaban group than in patients who did not receive anticoagulants (P = 0.008). These frequencies did not differ significantly in the dabigatran and rivaroxaban groups compared to the warfarin group (P = 0.221 and P = 1.000, respectively).

Conclusions

The frequency of hemorrhaging after tooth extraction appeared to be similar in patients receiving continuous dabigatran or rivaroxaban and in those receiving continuous warfarin.
Chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation: A dangerous combination
Authors: Ocak Gurbey , Khairoun Meriem , Khairoun Othman , Bos Willem Jan W. , Fu Edouard L. , Cramer Maarten J. , Westerink Jan , Verhaar Marianne C. , Visseren Frank L. ,   UCC-SMART study group
Published: April 2022

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are both risk factors for bleeding, stroke and mortality. The aim of our study was to investigate the interaction between CKD and atrial fibrillation and outcomes.

Methods

We included 12,394 subjects referred to the University Medical Center Utrecht (the Netherlands) from September 1996 to February 2018 for an out-patient visit (Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort Second Manifestation of Arterial disease cohort). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for bleeding, ischemic stroke or mortality were calculated with Cox proportional hazard analyses. Presence of interaction between AF and CKD was examined by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction and the synergy index (S).

Results

Of the 12,394 patients, 699 patients had AF, 2,752 patients had CKD and 325 patients had both AF and CKD. Patients with both CKD and AF had a 3.0-fold (95% CI 2.0–4.4) increased risk for bleeding, a 4.2-fold (95% CI 3.0–6.0) increased ischemic stroke risk and a 2.2-fold (95% CI 1.9–2.6) increased mortality risk after adjustment as compared with subjects without atrial fibrillation and CKD. We did not find interaction between AF and CKD for bleeding and mortality. However, we found interaction between AF and CKD for ischemic stroke risk (RERI 1.88 (95% CI 0.31–3.46), AP 0.45 (95% CI 0.17–0.72) and S 2.40 (95% CI 1.08–5.32)).

Conclusion

AF and CKD are both associated with bleeding, ischemic stroke and mortality. There is a positive interaction between AF and CKD for ischemic stroke risk, but not for bleeding or mortality.
Evaluation of SMOS, SMAP, AMSR2 and FY-3C soil moisture products over China
Authors: Fan Jiazhi , Luo Man , Han Qinzhe , Liu Fulai , Huang Wanhua , Tan Shiqi
Published: April 2022

Microwave remote sensing can provide long-term near-surface soil moisture data on regional and global scales. Conducting standardized authenticity tests is critical to the effective use of observed data products in models, data assimilation, and various terminal scenarios. Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) soil moisture data were used as a reference for comparative analysis, and triple collocation analysis was used to validate data from four mainstream passive microwave remote sensing soil moisture products: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP), Global Change Observation Mission–Water using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument, and Fengyun-3C (FY-3C). The effects of topography, land cover, and meteorological factors on the accuracy of soil moisture observation data were determined. The results show that SMAP had the best overall performance and AMSR2 the worst. Passive microwave detection technology can accurately capture soil moisture data in areas at high altitude with uniform terrain, particularly if the underlying surface is soil, and in areas with low average temperatures and little precipitation, such as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. FY-3C performed in the middle of the group and was relatively optimal in northeast China but showed poor data integrity. Variation in accuracy between products, together with other factors identified in the study, provides a baseline reference for the improvement of the retrieval algorithm, and the research results provide a quantitative basis for developing better use of passive microwave soil moisture products.
The effect of temperature conditioning (9°C and 20°C) on the proteome of entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles
Authors: Lillis Peter E. , Griffin Christine T. , Carolan James C.
Published: April 2022

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the generaSteinernemaandHeterorhabditisare parasites which kill and reproduce within insects. While both have life cycles centred around their developmentally arrested, nonfeeding and stress tolerant infective juvenile (IJ) stage, they are relatively distantly related. These IJs are promising biocontrol agents, and their shelf life and stress tolerance may be enhanced by storage at low temperatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the proteome of the IJs of two distantly related EPN species is affected by storage at 9°C (for up to 9 weeks) and 20°C (for up to 6 weeks), using label-free quantitative proteomics. Overall, more proteins were detected inS.carpocapsae(2422) than inH.megidis(1582). TheS.carpocapsaeproteome was strongly affected by temperature, while theH.megidisproteome was affected by both time and temperature. The proteins which increased in abundance to the greatest extent inS.carpocapsaeIJs after conditioning at 9°C were chaperone proteins, and proteins related to stress. The proteins which increased in abundance the most after storage at 20°C were proteins related to the cytoskeleton, cell signalling, proteases and their inhibitors, which may have roles in infection. The proteins which decreased in abundance to the greatest extent inS.carpocapsaeafter both 9°C and 20°C storage were those associated with metabolism, stress and the cytoskeleton. After storage at both temperatures, the proteins increased to the greatest extent inH.megidisIJs were those associated with the cytoskeleton, cell signalling and carbon metabolism, and the proteins decreased in abundance to the greatest extent were heat shock and ribosomal proteins, and those associated with metabolism. As the longest-lived stage of the EPN life cycle, IJs may be affected by proteostatic stress, caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. The substantial increase of chaperone proteins inS.carpocapsae, and to a greater extent at 9°C, and the general decrease in ribosomal and chaperone proteins inH.megidismay represent species-specific proteostasis mechanisms. Similarly, organisms accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) over time and both species exhibited a gradual increase in proteins which enhance ROS tolerance, such as catalase. The species-specific responses of the proteome in response to storage temperature, and over time, may reflect the phylogenetic distance and/or different ecological strategies.
Ganoderma tsugae prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates oxidative damage in d-galactose-induced aging in the rat brain
Authors: Kuo Hui-Chuan , Tong Sih-Yu , Chao Ming-Wei , Tseng Chia-Yi
Published: April 2022

Lingzhi has long been regarded as having life-prolonging effects. Research in recent years has also reported that Lingzhi possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-lipogenic effects. The D-galactose (D-gal, 100 mg/kg/day)-induced aging Long-Evans rats were simultaneously orally administered a DMSO extract of Ganoderma tsugae (GTDE, 200 μg/kg/day) for 25 weeks to investigate the effects of GTDE on oxidative stress and memory deficits in the D-galactose-induced aging rats. We found that GTDE significantly improved the locomotion and spatial memory and learning in the aging rats. GTDE alleviated the aging-induced reduction of dendritic branching in neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the protein expression levels of the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and catalase, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats that received GTDE. D-gal-induced increase in the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was significantly attenuated after the administration of GTDE, and pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) revealed a significant decrease in NLRP3 expression after GTDE administration. Lastly, GTDE significantly reduced the advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In conclusion, GTDE increases antioxidant capacity and BDNF expression of the brain, protects the dendritic structure of neurons, and reduces aging-induced neuronal damage, thereby attenuating cognitive impairment caused by aging.
Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study
Authors: Rattay Petra , Blume Miriam , Wachtler Benjamin , Wollgast Lina , Spallek Jacob , Hoffmann Stephanie , Sander Lydia , Herr Raphael , Herke Max , Reuter Marvin , Novelli Anna , Hövener Claudia
Published: April 2022

Objective

Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining the association between the family’s socioeconomic position and adolescents’ self-rated health. The current study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health was mediated by familial determinants.

Methods

Using data from wave 2 of the”German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” (KiGGS) (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of income, education, occupational status, socioeconomic position index and adolescents’ subjective social status on self-rated health into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parental well-being, parental stress, parenting styles, parental obesity, smoking and sporting activity).

Results

A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on self-rated health was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations between income, parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking, obesity and living in a single-mother family). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained.

Conclusion

The analysis revealed how a family’s position of socioeconomic disadvantage can lead to poorer health in adolescents through different family practices. The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions (macro-level), community-based strategies (meso-level) and programs to improve parenting and family functioning (micro-level).
Transmission patterns of tick-borne pathogens among birds and rodents in a forested park in southeastern Canada
Authors: Dumas Ariane , Bouchard Catherine , Dibernardo Antonia , Drapeau Pierre , Lindsay L. Robbin , Ogden Nicholas H. , Leighton Patrick A.
Published: April 2022

Ixodes scapularisticks are expanding their range in parts of northeastern North America, bringing with them pathogens of public health concern. While rodents like the white-footed mouse,Peromyscus leucopus, are considered the primary reservoir of many emerging tick-borne pathogens, the contribution of birds, as alternative hosts and reservoirs, to local transmission cycles has not yet been firmly established. From 2016 to 2018, we collected host-seeking ticks and examined rodent and bird hosts for ticks at 48 sites in a park where blacklegged ticks are established in Quebec, Canada, in order to characterize the distribution of pathogens in ticks and mammalian and avian hosts. We found nearly one third of captured birds (n = 849) and 70% of small mammals (n = 694) were infested withI.scapularis. Five bird and three mammal species transmittedBorrelia burgdorferito feeding larvae (n larvae tested = 2257) and we estimated that about one fifth of theB.burgdorferi-infected questing nymphs in the park acquired their infection from birds, the remaining being attributable to mice. Ground-foraging bird species were more parasitized than other birds, and species that inhabited open habitat were more frequently infested and were more likely to transmitB.burgdorferito larval ticks feeding upon them. Female birds were more likely to transmit infection than males, without age differentiation, whereas in mice, adult males were more likely to transmit infection than juveniles and females. We also detectedBorrelia miyamotoiin larvae collected from birds, andAnaplasma phagocytophilumfrom a larva collected from a white-footed mouse. This study highlights the importance of characterising the reservoir potential of alternative reservoir hosts and to quantify their contribution to transmission dynamics in different species assemblages. This information is key to identifying the most effective host-targeted risk mitigation actions.
Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women aged 25–60 years in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Phaiphichit Jom , Paboriboune Phimpha , Kunnavong Sengchan , Chanthavilay Phetsavanh
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite cervical cancer being a major public health concern in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), screening coverage is very low. The reasons and factors for this are unknown. This study aimed to identify factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women aged 25–60 years.

Methods

The case-control study was conducted among women aged 25–60 years in Vientiane Capital and Luang Prabang province from March 15 to May 31, 2018. A total of 360 women were included in the study, a ratio of two controls per case. The cases were women who had undergone cervical cancer screening over the last five years. The controls were women who had never been screened or screened more than five years before, matched to the cases with residency and age (± five years). The cases were selected from central and provincial hospitals and the controls from the same community and districts where the cases resided. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with cervical cancer screening.

Results

The mean age was 42.37±9.4 years (range: 25–60), 66.67% were women from Vientiane Capital, and 86.11% were married. The common reasons for not being screened were the absence of clinical signs and symptoms (45.28%) followed by never having heard about cervical cancer (13.33%). In the multivariable analyses, we found that having sexually transmitted infections (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.92–8.05), receiving recommendations for screening from health workers (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI = 1.90–7.78), a high score for knowledge (AOR = 7.90; 95% CI = 2.43–25.69) and attitude towards cervical cancer prevention and treatment (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.18–7.16), and having a car to travel (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.44–6.11) had a positive impact on undergoing cervical cancer screening.

Conclusion

Gynecological consultations, increased knowledge and positive attitudes result in women undergoing screening. Therefore, health education and advocacy for cervical cancer prevention should be provided to women.
Depression and unplanned secondary healthcare use in patients with multimorbidity: A systematic review
Authors: Cicek Meryem , Hayhoe Benedict , Otis Michaela , Nicholls Dasha , Majeed Azeem , Greenfield Geva
Published: April 2022

Background

Growing numbers of people with multimorbidity have a co-occurring mental health condition such as depression. Co-occurring depression is associated with poor patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs including unplanned use of secondary healthcare which may be avoidable.

Aim

To summarise the current evidence on the association between depression and unplanned secondary healthcare use among patients with multimorbidity.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to March 2021. We included studies on adults with depression and at least one other physical long-term condition that examined risk of emergency hospital admissions as a primary outcome, alongside emergency department visits or emergency readmissions. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using The National Institute of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. Relevant data were extracted from studies and a narrative synthesis of findings produced.

Results

Twenty observational studies were included in the review. Depression was significantly associated with different outcomes of unplanned secondary healthcare use, across various comorbidities. Among the studies examining these outcomes, depression predicted emergency department visits in 7 out of 9 studies; emergency hospital admissions in 19 out of 20 studies; and emergency readmissions in 4 out of 4 studies. This effect increased with greater severity of depression. Other predictors of unplanned secondary care reported include increased age, being female, and presence of greater numbers of comorbidities.

Conclusion

Depression predicted increased risk of unplanned secondary healthcare use in individuals with multimorbidity. The literature indicates a research gap in identifying and understanding the impact of complex multimorbidity combinations, and other patient characteristics on unplanned care in patients with depression. Findings indicate the need to improve planned care for patients with moderate-to-severe depression. We suggest regular reviews of care plans, depression severity monitoring and assessment of hospital admission risk in primary care settings.
Impact of ozonated water disinfestation on soil fungal community composition in continuous ginger field
Authors: Zhang Bo , Ma Liguo , Zhang Yueli , Qi Kai , Li Changsong , Qi Junshan
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to explore the impact of ozonated water (OW) disinfestation on soil fungal community composition in continuous ginger field. All soil samples were collected in continuous ginger field. There were two groups and 5 time points (0, 1, 3, 5, 9 day) in our study, including OW disinfestation treatment group (O3 group) and control group (CK group). Via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and further analysis, the changes of fungal community composition were determined. As a result, at 0 and 9 days after aeration, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in O3 group were significantly higher than that in CK group. Compared with the CK group, in O3 group: the ACE and Chao1 index significantly increased on day 1, and the Shannon index significantly decreased while Simpson index significantly increased on day 0 after aeration. In O3 group, there were dynamic changes of top 10 abundance fungi from the genus-level and the growth of Trichoderma and Rhodotorula had been promoted while Hannaella was inhibited. In conclusion, OW disinfestation had complicated impacts on fungal communities in continuous ginger fields. The growth of Trichoderma and Rhodotorula has been promoted during disinfestation, which provided more reference information for soil OW disinfestation research.
The COVID-19 Vaccine: Trust, doubt, and hope for a future beyond the pandemic in Germany
Authors: Fiske Amelia , Schönweitz Franziska , Eichinger Johanna , Zimmermann Bettina , Hangel Nora , Sierawska Anna , McLennan Stuart , Buyx Alena
Published: April 2022

Public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines are critical in reaching protective levels of herd immunity. Vaccine skepticism has always been relatively high in Germany, and surveys suggest that over the course of the pandemic, enthusiasm for the COVID-19 vaccine has dropped. Looking at the period just prior to the approval of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines in Germany in the latter half of 2020, this paper aims to assess the reasons for and against COVID-19 vaccine uptake among residents of Germany, and to provide in-depth qualitative data to better understand and address concerns surrounding the safety and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings indicate that there is widespread trust in German institutions and health experts to provide a safe vaccine for those who need it most. However, interviewees also point to the need for more information and the centrality of support from trusted medical authorities in making individual vaccination decisions. We also present the complexity of individual positions on vaccination, and suggest that vaccine hesitancy in relation to COVID-19 needs to be understood as a nuanced, and socially malleable, territory. This indicates that the goal of a vaccination campaign is not only achieving ‘herd immunity,’ but also a social endorsement of the collaborative effort that is required for a vaccine to be successful.
Evaluation of market risk and resource allocation ability of green credit business by deep learning under internet of things
Authors: He Fan , Wang Meitao , Zhou Peng
Published: April 2022

The research expects to evaluate the capital market risk and resource allocation ability of green credit business exploration based on neural network algorithm by deep learning in the context of the Internet of things, increase the funds flowing to green environmental protection industry, accelerate the development of real economy and stabilize China’s market economy. On the basis of previous studies, the research takes the credit business in the capital market as the research object, and improves the ability of resource allocation by optimizing the financial transaction structure. On this basis, through comparative analysis, the grey system model is implemented. back propagation neural network model under deep learning is used to evaluate the capital market risk of green credit business exploration, and the data of different provinces in China from 2009 to 2019 are taken as an example to verify. The model is used to measure the relationship between green credit business and industrial structure. Additionally, it also analyzes the main factors affecting the efficiency of green credit. The results show that green credit mainly affects the industrial structure through enterprise capital and financing channels. China’s overall green credit adjustment has had a significant upgrading effect on the industrial structure. The impact of green credit on industrial structure adjustment is different in the east, middle, and west regions. Optimizing the project capital structure, promoting seasonal financial transformation, setting up the function of innovation platform, and improving the internal governance structure of enterprises can improve financing efficiency and realize green and sustainable economic development in the future. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the green development of China’s financial market and the application of deep learning neural network algorithm under the background of Internet of things.
CHARM: COVID-19 Health Action Response for Marines–Association of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and IL2 responses with asymptomatic and symptomatic infections after a positive qPCR SARS-CoV-2 test
Authors: Sedegah Martha , Porter Chad , Hollingdale Michael R. , Ganeshan Harini , Huang Jun , Goforth Carl W. , Belmonte Maria , Belmonte Arnel , Weir Dawn L. , Lizewski Rhonda A. , Lizewski Stephen E. , Sealfon Stuart C. , Jani Vihasi , Cheng Ying , Inoue Sandra , Velasco Rachael , Villasante Eileen , Sun Peifang , Letizia Andrew G.
Published: April 2022

SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery, and Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified in the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins and others. This prospective COVID-19 Health Action Response for Marines (CHARM) study enabled assessment of T cell responses against S, N and M proteins in symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected participants. At enrollment all participants were negative by qPCR; follow-up occurred biweekly and bimonthly for the next 6 weeks. Study participants who tested positive by qPCR SARS-CoV-2 test were enrolled in an immune response sub-study. FluoroSpot interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL2 responses following qPCR-confirmed infection at enrollment (day 0), day 7 and 14 and more than 28 days later were measured using pools of 17mer peptides covering S, N, and M proteins, or CD4+CD8 peptide pools containing predicted epitopes from multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Among 124 asymptomatic and 105 symptomatic participants, SARS-CoV-2 infection generated IFN-γ responses to the S, N and M proteins that persisted longer in asymptomatic cases. IFN-γ responses were significantly (p = 0.001) more frequent to the N pool (51.4%) than the M pool (18.9%) among asymptomatic but not symptomatic subjects. Asymptomatic IFN-γ responders to the CD4+CD8 pool responded more frequently to the S pool (55.6%) and N pool (57.1%), than the M pool (7.1%), but not symptomatic participants. The frequencies of IFN-γ responses to the S and N+M pools peaked 7 days after the positive qPCR test among asymptomatic (S pool: 22.2%; N+M pool: 28.7%) and symptomatic (S pool: 15.3%; N+M pool 21.9%) participants and dropped by >28 days. Magnitudes of post-infection IFN-γ and IL2 responses to the N+M pool were significantly correlated with IFN-γ and IL2 responses to the N and M pools. These data further support the central role of Th1-biased cell mediated immunity IFN-γ and IL2 responses, particularly to the N protein, in controlling COVID-19 symptoms, and justify T cell-based COVID-19 vaccines that include the N and S proteins.
Independent research and development, technology accumulation and innovation performance: Evidence from China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
Authors: Wang Su , Liu Qiang , Chen Yuwen
Published: April 2022

Technology accumulation plays a vital role in research and development (R&D) activities. This paper used technology accumulation as the threshold variable to construct a dynamic panel threshold model to explore the technology accumulation threshold effect of independent R&D on innovation performance of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry over the period 1995~2019. The results show that the independent R&D of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry had a significant promotion effect on innovation performance. However, it is constrained by the level of technology accumulation, showing a significant double threshold effect of technology accumulation. A moderate level of technology accumulation was more conducive to independent R&D to drive innovation performance, while lower or higher technology accumulation will weaken independent R&D promotion on innovation performance. This study provided insights for policymakers and managers in making effective innovation strategies.
Determinants of successful entrepreneurship in a developing nation: Empirical evaluation using an ordered logit model
Authors: Devkota Niranjan , Shreebastab Dhiraj Kumar , Korpysa Jaroslaw , Bhattarai Kumar , Paudel Udaya Raj
Published: April 2022

Entrepreneurship has always been a crucial issue in the economic development of the countries as it has the ability to enhance standards of living and create wealth, not only for the entrepreneurs but also for related businesses and people. This paper aims to provide insights into how to build successful entrepreneurship in Kathmandu valley (KV). Using the descriptive method, we have applied non- probability sampling technique to select 302 entrepreneurs from KV. The structured questionnaire is used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, pre-estimation, and post-estimation are used for data analysis. The research finds that entrepreneurs are more successful when possessing such qualities as creativity and leadership. Furthermore, the results reveal that technology plays a vital role while initiating entrepreneurship and education helps raise positive output in entrepreneurship. Based on the findings, the study concludes that entrepreneurship has been one of the important issues in the context of Nepal to open up employment opportunities and bring economic progress.
The identification of spatial bubbles in a real estate market
Authors: Navickas Valentinas , Skripkiūnas Tomas , Vida Imre
Published: April 2022

There is great interest in identifying and modelling real estate market bubbles over time. However, the spatial dimension of those bubbles gets less attention. While building on the theory of real estate market equilibrium and formation of market bubbles, this research focuses on the spatial bubbles of the market value of apartments inside a city. This approach adds another dimension to the phenomena of real estate market bubbles. The scientific problem of this study is whether the spatial differentiation of real estate encourages the formation of spatial bubbles in real estate market. The object of research is the spatial bubbles in real estate market. The aim of research is to identify the impact of spatial bubbles on real estate market value. Because of the nature of real estate market, the supply and demand of real estate does not match, therefore real estate almost never reaches the equilibrium market value and bubbles appear. The main idea behind this research is that the supply and demand equilibrium model can be applied not only to the changes over time but also across space inside a city. The spatial bubbles appear because of unexplained variance. The empirical research focuses on unexplained variance across space of market value of homogeneous apartments in two major cities in Lithuania. The prominent variance is eliminated through careful selection of projects and control variables such as floor and size of an apartment, distance to civic points and location. Up to 39% of unexplained variance of apartment market value across space was found when looking at 3D diagrams of residualised apartment market value of the selected cities. The main reasons behind formation of those spatial bubbles should be addressed by further research for deeper understanding of the phenomenon of spatial bubble formation.
EDUCAR PARA O NUNCA MAIS
Authors: Tavares Celma
Published: April 2022

O educar para o nunca mais é um dos elementos que integra a Educação em Direitos Humanos, relacionada ao âmbito da pedagogia da memória e considerada uma importante mediação para a afirmação da democracia. Em pós contextos autoritários, como o da maior parte dos países do Cone Sul, a forma de viabilizar o direito coletivo de conhecer esse passado traumático marca a diferença entre a preservação da memória e verdade ou a opção pelo esquecimento. Assim, destacando a importância do educar para o nunca mais para a defesa da democracia e a promoção dos direitos humanos, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as experiências educativas desenvolvidas em lugares de memória na Argentina, Brasil e Chile, a fim de contribuir com o avanço na discussão e uso da pedagogia da memória na região. São objeto de exame as atividades do Museu da Memória de Rosário, do Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo, e da Corporação Parque pela Paz Villa Grimaldi. Este estudo, fundamentado na pesquisa qualitativa no campo da educação baseia sua análise nos quatro eixos pedagógicos do educar para o nunca mais. Dita análise apontou que estas experiências, em maior ou menor medida, estão permeadas por esses eixos pedagógicos em suas atividades. Também permitiu apreender a relevância do trabalho para a reconstrução da memória coletiva e a reflexão sobre situações atuais de violações de direitos, contribuindo assim na luta por memória, verdade, justiça, reparação e garantias de não repetição e na construção de uma cultura de direitos humanos.
EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS E AS DCNs
Authors: Lapa Fernanda Brandao , De Souza Sirlei , Petry Maria Clara
Published: April 2022

Este artigo visa defender a educação clínica em direitos humanos (EDH) como uma teoria e prática pedagógica estratégica para o desenvolvimento de competências pessoais, relacionais e profissionais. Essas habilidades para profissionais da área jurídica estão previstas nas novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCNs) para os cursos de Direito no Brasil, aprovadas em dezembro de 2018 pelo Ministério da Educação. O Estado brasileiro, desde 2003, vem estabelecendo políticas de ensino-aprendizagem sobre direitos humanos, por meio da criação do Comitê Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos, que foi responsável pela elaboração da principal política pública nacional no tema: o Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos (PNEDH). O PNEDH possui um eixo específico destinado ao ensino superior e ainda outro, específico para o ensino de profissionais da área do Direito. Primeiramente, este trabalho apresenta uma breve trajetória sobre a política de EDH no país e em seguida como essa política influenciou e influencia os cursos brasileiros de Direito. Depois, debate quais competências e habilidades específicas, previstas nas novas DCNs do Direito, se relacionam com temáticas transversais de direitos humanos, como temas étnico-raciais, de gênero e diversidades. Para terminar, resultados de uma avaliação realizada com estudantes da clínica jurídica de direitos humanos do curso de Direito da Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille) são descritos, a fim de demonstrar como estudantes de Direito percebem o potencial da pedagogia clínica para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades nas carreiras jurídicas.
SOBRE O AUTORITARISMO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Melo Martins Paulo Fernando
Published: April 2022

Esta resenha apresenta o livro de Lilia Moritz Schwarcz, “Sobre o autoritarismo brasileiro”, editado pela Companhia das Letras, no ano de 2019. A autora examina algumas das raízes do autoritarismo no Brasil, sob uma perspectiva crítica que desvela os diversos mitos nacionais. A abordagem histórica, sociológica e antropológica acerca de oitos temas apontados pela autora como centrais para compreender o autoritarismo no país engendrado pela naturalização da desigualdade social, pela persistência em negar o racismo e preconceitos diversos e pelo aperfeiçoamento de práticas patrimonialistas e do mandonismo. A pesquisadora nos oferece importantes reflexões a partir de consistente base teórica e de dados estatísticos. A obra é uma importante contribuição para todas as pessoas que pretendam compreender a dinâmica social, política e histórica do autoritarismo no país para atuar na defesa e promoção dos Direitos Humanos. Nessa direção, o livro apresenta elementos importantes aos que atuam na Educação em Direitos Humanos ancorada na pedagogia antirracista e emancipatória. A autora promoveu uma instigante reflexão sobre o que ela denominou como fantasmas do tempo presente que, analisando o contexto político do período da produção de sua pesquisa, deixou claro que as variadas formas de violência presentes em nosso cotidiano foram herdadas de nosso passado.
Impact Of Work Load On Nursing Patient Interaction In Tertiary Care Hospital Punjab
Authors: Kaur Sukhjeet , Kaur Dr Sukhdeep
Published: April 2022

This study was done to assess the nursing knowing among nurse-patient workload by stratified random sampling. A total of 100 samples was selected and given the self-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. The data was collected and analyzed by using percentages and frequency. It is found that there is positive communication among Nurse- Patient. There is no significant (p<0.005) relationship between communication with age, sex, and education. But there is a significant relationship of quality of communication with the number of times patient was admitted in tertiary care Hospital