bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV Projection Scanner Performance in Thick Resists for High Aspect Ratio Cu Pillars
Authors: Vis William , Benthaus Fabian , Hichri Habib , Arendt Markus
Published: June 2019

Integration in the third dimension is becoming increasingly more common in advanced packaging to overcome limitations in Moore's Law. One popular example for 3D Integration is Package-on-Package (PoP), where memory stacks are mounted above the processor. This approach requires tall, high density Cu pillars for interconnection around the processor. Ever increasing I/O requirements creates a need for Cu pillars with smaller critical dimension (CD) in thick resist. This creates high aspect ratio challenges for materials and equipment. For lithography tools, low NA projection systems are fundamentally well-suited to achieve high aspect ratio patterns, due to the inverse relationship between depth-of-focus (DOF) and Numerical Aperture (NA). However, the NA of low NA steppers is not low enough for thick resists. The full-field projection scanner with lower NA provides superior performance than the stepper counterpart at higher throughput and lower cost. This paper presents the high aspect ratio performance of the full-field UV projection scanner tool in various thick resists ranging from 50um to 300um film thickness. Aspect ratios as high as 20:1 are demonstrated for square vias with 1:1 pitch. Further, as feature resolution is only practical with alignment, the alignment of thick resists is also included.
Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica - Diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Tavares Lorena Fecury , Bernardo Mariana Rosa , Pinho Kalil Orleans Silveira , Brito Ana Paula Santos Oliveira , Maneschy Rodrigo Bona , Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha de
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Realizar revisão sistemática da literatura afim de reunir os métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos da DHGNA. Método: Foi realizado levantamento das bases de dados SciElo, LILACS e PubMED, nas línguas Português, Inglês e Espanhol, referente ao período de 2014 a 2018, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica”, “Terapêutica” e “Diagnóstico”. Resultados: A busca totalizou 658 artigos, que após processamento de dados, remanesceram 24 artigos, sendo destes 12 em espanhol, 11 em inglês e 1 em português. Conclusão: O diagnóstico da DHGNA é clínico e conta com exames laboratoriais e exames de imagem, sendo o padrão ouro a biópsia hepática. O tratamento consiste primordialmente nas mudanças de estilo de vida, tendo como pilares fundamentais hábitos alimentares e a atividade física. O tratamento farmacológico é realizado quando a mudança dos hábitos de vida é ineficaz. Este inclui diversas opções, sendo as mais estudadas a vitamina E e a pioglitazona, enquanto a maioria dos outros fármacos permanece com baixos níveis de evidência. Conclui-se, portanto, que ainda faltam estudos para aumentar o nível de recomendações terapêuticas da DHGNA.
Role of black carbons mass size distribution in the direct aerosol radiative forcing
Authors: Zhao Gang , Tao Jiangchuan , Kuang Ye , Shen Chuanyang , Yu Yingli , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Large uncertainties exist when estimating radiative effects of ambient black carbon (BC) aerosol. Previous studies about the BC aerosol radiative forcing mainly focus on the BC aerosols’ mass concentrations and mixing states, while the effects of BC mass size distribution (BCMSD) were not well considered. In this paper, we developed a method by measuring the BCMSD by using a differential mobility analyzer in tandem with an aethalometer. A comprehensive method of multiple charging corrections is proposed and implemented in measuring the BCMSD. Good agreement is obtained between the BC mass concentration integrated from this system and that measured in bulk phase, demonstrating the reliability of our proposed method. Characteristics of the BCMSD and corresponding radiative effects are studied based on field measurements conducted in the North China Plain by using our own designed measurement system. Results show that the BCMSD have two modes and the mean peak diameters of the two modes are 150 nm and 503 nm respectively. The BCMSD of coarser mode varies significantly under different pollution conditions with peak diameter varying between 430 nm and 580 nm, which gives rise to significant variation in aerosol buck optical properties. The aerosol direct aerosol radiative forcing is estimated to vary by 22.5 % for different measured BCMSDs, which shares the same magnitude to the variation associated with assuming different aerosol mixing states (21.5 %). Our study reveals that the BCMSD matters as well as their mixing state in estimating the direct aerosol radiative forcing. Knowledge of the BCMSD should be fully considered in climate models.
OH-chemistry of non-methane organic gases (NMOG) emitted from laboratory and ambient biomass burning smoke: evaluating the influence of furans and oxygenated aromatics on ozone and secondary NMOG formation
Authors: Coggon Matthew M. , Lim Christoper Y. , Koss Abigail R. , Sekimoto Kanako , Yuan Bin , Gilman Jessica B. , Hagan David H. , Selimovic Vanessa , Zarzana Kyle , Brown Steven S. , Roberts James M. , Müller Markus , Yokelson Robert , Wisthaler Armin , Krechmer Jordan E. , Jimenez Jose L. , Cappa Christopher , Kroll Jesse , de Gouw Joost , Warneke Carsten
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Chamber oxidation experiments conducted at the Fire Sciences Laboratory in 2016 are evaluated to identify important chemical processes contributing to the OH chemistry of biomass burning non-methane organic gases (NMOG). Based on the decay of primary carbon measured by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), it is confirmed that furans and oxygenated aromatics are among the NMOG emitted from western United States fuel types with the highest reactivities towards OH. The oxidation processes and formation of secondary NMOG masses measured by PTR-ToF-MS and iodide clustering time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I-CIMS) is interpreted using a box model employing a modified version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (v. 3.3.1) that includes the OH oxidation of furan, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and guaiacol. The model supports the assignment of major PTR-ToF-MS and I-CIMS signals to a series of anhydrides and hydroxy furanones formed primarily through furan chemistry. This mechanism is applied to a Lagrangian box model used previously to model a real biomass burning plume. The updated mechanism reproduces the decay of furans and oxygenated aromatics and the formation of secondary NMOG, such as maleic anhydride. Based on model simulations conducted with and without furans, it is estimated that furans contributed up to 10 % of ozone and over 90 % of maleic anhydride formed within the first 4 hours of oxidation. It is shown that maleic anhydride is present in a biomass burning plume transported over several days, which demonstrates the utility of anhydrides as tracers for aged biomass burning plumes.
Modelling long-term blanket peatland development in eastern
Scotland
Authors: Swinnen Ward , Broothaerts Nils , Verstraeten Gert
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Blanket peatlands constitute a rare ecosystem on a global scale but is the most important peatland type on the British Isles. Most long-term peatland development models have focussed on peat bogs and high-latitude regions. Here, we present a spatially-explicit hillslope model to simulate long-term blanket peatland development along complex hillslope topographies. To calibrate the model, the peatland architecture was reconstructed along 56 hillslope transects in the headwaters of the river Dee (633 km2) in eastern Scotland, resulting in a dataset of 866 soil profile descriptions. The application of the calibrated model using local pollen-based land cover and regional climate reconstructions over the last 12,000 years shows that the early-Holocene peatland development is largely driven by a temperature increase. An increase in woodland cover only has a slight positive effect on the peat growth potential contradicting the hypothesis that blanket peatland developed as a response to deforestation. Both the hillslope measurements and the model simulations demonstrate that the blanket peatland cover in the study area is highly variable both in extent and peat thickness stressing the need for spatially distributed peatland modelling. At the landscape scale, blanket peatlands were an important atmospheric carbon sink during the period 9.5 ka–6 ka BP. However, during the last six thousand years, the blanket peatlands are in a state of dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the carbon balance.
Lignin oxidation products as a potential proxy for vegetation and environmental changes in speleothems and cave drip water – a first record from the Herbstlabyrinth, central Germany
Authors: Heidke Inken , Scholz Denis , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Here, we present the first quantitative speleothem record of lignin oxidation products (LOPs), which has been determined in a Holocene stalagmite from the Herbstlabyrinth Cave in central Germany. In addition, we present LOP results from 16 months of drip water monitoring. Lignin is only produced by vascular plants and therefore has the potential to be an unambiguous vegetation proxy and to complement other vegetation and climate proxies in speleothems. We compare our results with stable isotope and trace element data from the same sample. In the stalagmite, LOP concentrations show a similar behavior to P, Ba and U concentrations, which have previously been interpreted as vegetation proxies. The LOP S∕V and C∕V ratios, which are usually used to differentiate between angiosperm and gymnosperm and woody and non-woody vegetation, show complex patterns suggesting additional influencing factors, such as transport and microbiological effects. The drip water from a fast drip site shows a seasonal pattern of LOPs with low LOP concentrations in winter and higher LOP concentrations in summer. These results indicate the potential of LOPs as a new proxy for vegetational and environmental changes in speleothems but also demonstrate the complexity and the current limitations of our understanding of the transport of lignin from the soil into the cave and the speleothems.
Iberia01: A new gridded dataset of daily precipitation and
temperatures over Iberia
Authors: Herrera Sixto , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M. , Espírito-Santo Fátima , Viterbo Pedro , Gutiérrez José M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The present work introduces a new observational gridded dataset produced using a dense network (thousands) of stations over the Iberian Peninsula (referred to as Iberia01, Gutiérrez et al. (2019), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/8641), providing daily precipitation and temperatures for the period 1971–2015 at 0.1° regular (and 0.11° rotated CORDEX compliant) resolutions. A comparison with both the standard and ensemble version of the E-OBS v17 dataset (at 0.25° and 0.1° resolutions, respectively) is undertaken in order to assess observational uncertainty in this region. First, a standard comparison is performed for several weather indices, obtaining the differences between both datasets. Secondly, a new probabilistic intercomparison analysis is introduced, using the E-OBS ensemble (v17e) to characterize observational uncertainty and testing the hypothesis that Iberia01 is a realization of the ensemble (i.e. it falls within the observational uncertainty range provided by E-OBS). Finally, the effective resolution of the auxiliar very high resolution grid (0.01°) built to obtain the area-average representativity of the final dataset, and thus the possibility to increase the resolution of the dataset by means of pure interpolation methods, is analyzed considering an extreme event of convective precipitation affecting the Iberian Peninsula. As a result, we show that Iberia01 produces more realistic patterns than E-OBS v17 in the case of precipitation for all the indices considered, although both are comparable for temperatures. These differences are assessed using the probabilistic approach based on the E-OBS ensemble showing a quite homogeneous spatial pattern for precipitation (with less than 25 % significantly – at a 10 % level – different days between both datasets) and a very inhomogeneous pattern for temperatures, with either a small (in most of the regions) or large fraction of significantly different days. The great uncertainty of the precipitation given by E-OBS ensemble, in which the standard deviation of the ensemble has the same order than the mean value, increases the significance of the results obtained for this variable reflecting the differences between both datasets.
DECIPHeR v1: Dynamic fluxEs and ConnectIvity for Predictions of HydRology
Authors: Coxon Gemma , Freer Jim , Lane Rosanna , Dunne Toby , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Quinn Niall , Wagener Thorsten , Woods Ross
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This paper presents DECIPHeR (Dynamic fluxEs and ConnectIvity for Predictions
of HydRology), a new model framework that simulates and predicts hydrologic
flows from spatial scales of small headwater catchments to entire continents.
DECIPHeR can be adapted to specific hydrologic settings and to different
levels of data availability. It is a flexible model framework which includes
the capability to (1) change its representation of spatial variability and
hydrologic connectivity by implementing hydrological response units in any
configuration and (2) test different hypotheses of catchment behaviour by
altering the model equations and parameters in different parts of the
landscape. It has an automated build function that allows rapid set-up across
large model domains and is open-source to help researchers and/or
practitioners use the model. DECIPHeR is applied across Great Britain to
demonstrate the model framework. It is evaluated against daily flow time
series from 1366 gauges for four evaluation metrics to provide a benchmark of
model performance. Results show that the model performs well across a range of
catchment characteristics but particularly in wetter catchments in the west
and north of Great Britain. Future model developments will focus on adding
modules to DECIPHeR to improve the representation of groundwater dynamics and
human influences.
Determination of the Optimal Lake-Marsh Pattern in the Lake-Marsh
Wetland System based on Ecological Land Use and Ecological Water
Use
Authors: Bi Wuxia , Weng Baisha , Yan Denghua , Li Meng , Yu Zhilei , Wang Lin , Wang Hao
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The land use and water use competitions appear more seriously between lake-marsh wetland system and its surrounding socio-economic system, also inside the lake-marsh wetland system. However, few studies focus on solving the contradictions mentioned above. While this study proposed an optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method based on the joint regulation of ecological land and ecological water, on considering the ecological services values and water shortage amount in the lake-marsh wetland system. The optimal lake-marsh pattern determination should explore the land and water demand of the protection objects, also the water supply and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in annual and monthly time-scale. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the optimal lake-marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands can be obtained with the area ratio of lake-marsh equaling to 0.651 : 0.349 and the corresponding water level of 87.4 m in annual scale. In monthly scale, except July and August, the optimal area ratio of lake and marsh varied from 0.634 : 0.366 to 0.738 : 0.262. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake-marsh wetland system and other ecological system.
Generalization properties of neural networks trained on Lorenzsystems
Authors: Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Neural networks are able to approximate chaotic dynamical systems when provided with training data that covers all relevant regions of the system's phase space. However, many practical applications diverge from this idealised scenario. Here, we investigate the ability of neural networks to: 1) learn the behaviour of dynamical systems from incomplete training data, and 2) learn the influence of an external forcing on the dynamics. Our analysis is performed on the Lorenz63 and Lorenz95 models. We show that neural networks trained on data covering only part of the system's phase space struggle to make skillful short-term forecasts in the regions missed during the training. Additionally, when making long series of consecutive forecasts, the networks mostly do not reproduce trajectories exploring regions beyond those seen in the training data. We also find that it is challenging for the standard network architectures to learn the influence of a slowly changing external forcing, highlighting the limitations of a network trained on a specific forcing regime for generalising a system's behaviour. These results outline challenges for a variety of machine-learning applications. An example is climate science, which is concerned with a non-stationary chaotic system whose behaviour is known only through comparatively short data series.
Circulation changes in the Amundsen Basin from 1991 to 2015 revealed from distributions of dissolved 230Th
Authors: Valk Ole , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel M. , Geibert Walter , Gdaniec Sandra , Moran S. Bradley , Lepore Kate , Edwards Robert Lawrence , Lu Yanbin , Puigcorbé Viena , Casacuberta Nuria , Paffrath Ronja , Smethie William , Roy-Barman Matthieu
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This study provides dissolved and particulate 230Th and 232Th results as well as particulate 234Th data collected during expeditions to the central Arctic Ocean on ARK-XXIX/3 (2015) and ARK-XXII/2 (2007) (GEOTRACES sections GN04 and GIPY11, respectively). Constructing a time-series of dissolved 230Th from 1991 to 2015 enables the identification of processes that control the temporal development of 230Th distributions in the Amundsen Basin. After 2007, 230Th concentrations decreased significantly over the entire water column, particularly between 300 m and 1500 m. This decrease is accompanied by a circulation change, evidenced by a concomitant increase in salinity. Potentially increased inflow of water of Atlantic origin with low dissolved 230Th concentrations leads to the observed depletion in dissolved 230Th in the central Arctic. Because atmospherically derived tracers (CFC, 3He/3H) do not reveal an increase in ventilation rate, it is suggested that these interior waters have undergone enhanced scavenging of Th during transit from the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea to the central Amundsen Basin. The 230Th depletion propagates downward in the water column by settling particles and reversible scavenging. Taken together, the temporal evolution of Th distributions point to significant changes in the large-scale circulation of the Amundsen Basin.
Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent
calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico)
Authors: Urbani Stefano , Giordano Guido , Lucci Federico , Rossetti Federico , Acocella Valerio , Carrasco-Núñez Gerardo
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Resurgent calderas represent a target with high potential for geothermal exploration, as they are associated with the shallow emplacement of magma, resulting in a widespread and long lasting hydrothermal activity. Therefore, evaluating the thermal potential of resurgent calderas may provide important insights for geothermal exploitation. Resurgence is classically attributed to the uplift of a block or dome resulting from the inflation of the collapse-forming magma chamber due to the intrusion of new magma. The Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC; Mexico), consisting of two nested calderas (the outer Los Humeros and the inner, resurgent, Los Potreros), represents an area of high interest for geothermal exploration to optimize the current exploitation of the active geothermal field. Here we aim at better define the characteristics of the resurgence in Los Potreros, by integrating field work with analogue models, evaluating the spatio-temporal evolution of the deformation and the depth and extent of the intrusions responsible for the resurgence and which may represent also the local heat source(s). Structural field analysis and geological mapping show that Los Potreros area is characterized by several lava domes and cryptodomes (with normal faulting at the top) that suggest multiple deformation sources localized in narrow areas. The analogue experiments simulate the deformation pattern observed in the field, consisting of magma intrusions pushing a domed area with apical graben. To define the possible depth of the intrusion responsible for the observed surface deformations, we apply established relations to our experiments. These relations suggest that the magmatic source responsible for the deformation is present at very shallow depths (hundreds of meters) which is in agreement with the well data and field observations. We therefore propose that the recent deformation at LHVC is not a classical resurgence associated with the bulk inflation of a deep magma reservoir; rather this is related to the ascent of shallow (<1 km) multiple magma bodies. A similar multiple source model of the subsurface structure has been also proposed for other calderas with an active geothermal system (Usu volcano, Japan) suggesting that the model proposed may have a wider applicability.
Comparison of ERA5 and ERA-Interim near-surface air temperature, snowfall and precipitation over Arctic sea ice: effects on sea ice thermodynamics and evolution
Authors: Wang Caixin , Graham Robert M. , Wang Keguang , Gerland Sebastian , Granskog Mats A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Rapid changes are occurring in the Arctic, including a
reduction in sea ice thickness and coverage and a shift towards younger and
thinner sea ice. Snow and sea ice models are often used to study these
ongoing changes in the Arctic, and are typically forced by atmospheric
reanalyses in absence of observations. ERA5 is a new global reanalysis that
will replace the widely used ERA-Interim (ERA-I). In this study, we compare
the 2 m air temperature (T2M), snowfall (SF) and total precipitation (TP)
from ERA-I and ERA5, and evaluate these products using buoy observations
from Arctic sea ice for the years 2010 to 2016. We further assess how biases in
reanalyses can influence the snow and sea ice evolution in the Arctic, when
used to force a thermodynamic sea ice model. We find that ERA5 is generally
warmer than ERA-I in winter and spring (0–1.2 ∘C), but colder
than ERA-I in summer and autumn (0–0.6 ∘C) over Arctic sea ice.
Both reanalyses have a warm bias over Arctic sea ice relative to buoy
observations. The warm bias is smaller in the warm season, and larger in the
cold season, especially when the T2M is below −25 ∘C in the
Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Interestingly, the warm bias for ERA-I and new
ERA5 is on average 3.4 and 5.4 ∘C (daily mean),
respectively, when T2M is lower than −25 ∘C. The TP and SF along
the buoy trajectories and over Arctic sea ice are consistently higher in ERA5
than in ERA-I. Over Arctic sea ice, the TP in ERA5 is typically less than 10 mm snow water equivalent (SWE) greater than in ERA-I in any of the seasons, while the SF in ERA5 can
be 50 mm SWE higher than in ERA-I in a season. The largest increase in
annual TP (40–100 mm) and SF (100–200 mm) in ERA5 occurs in the Atlantic
sector. The SF to TP ratio is larger in ERA5 than in ERA-I, on average 0.6
for ERA-I and 0.8 for ERA5 along the buoy trajectories. Thus, the
substantial anomalous Arctic rainfall in ERA-I is reduced in ERA5,
especially in summer and autumn. Simulations with a 1-D thermodynamic sea ice
model demonstrate that the warm bias in ERA5 acts to reduce thermodynamic
ice growth. The higher precipitation and snowfall in ERA5 results in a
thicker snowpack that allows less heat loss to the atmosphere. Thus, the
larger winter warm bias and higher precipitation in ERA5, compared with
ERA-I, result in thinner ice thickness at the end of the growth
season when using ERA5; however the effect is small during the freezing
period.
THE EFFECT OF MAGNETO-LASER THERAPY ON THE PHENOTYPE OF BASOPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC ASTHMA
Authors: Asiryn Elena , Novikov Pavel , Matsiushchanka Volha , Titova Nadiezhda , Vaidelys Lukas , Griciūnaitė Greta
Published: June 2019

In recent years there has been growing evidence to suggest a major role of basophils alongside eosinophils and mast cells in allergic inflammation.

The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the basophil phenotypes after the use of magneto-la-ser therapy in children with atopic bronchial asthma.

Materials and methods. A total of 66 children with mild persistent atopic bronchial asthma (aged 6 to 18 years old) were examined. Group A included 34 children who received magneto-laser therapy together with basic asthma treatment (low dose of inhaled corticosteroids). Group B included 32 children who received only basic asthma therapy. The level of CD203с + , CD203с + CD63 + , CD203с + IgE + basophils was determined in peripheral blood in the beginning of the study, after 2 weeks and after 3 months.

Results. A statistically significant decrease in the absolute levels of CD203с+CD63+ and CD203с + IgE + basophils and in the relative level of CD203с + IgE + among all CD203с + basophils was determined in group A after magneto-laser therapy. The comparison of group A and group B indices revealed a significant difference between the relative level of CD203с + IgE + basophils after 12-15 days from the beginning of the study. This indicator was significantly lower in group A than in group B (p<0.05). The absolute level of CD203с + IgE + basophils was significantly lower in group A in comparison with group B after 82-90 days (p<0.05).

Conclusions. Magneto-laser therapy can change the phenotype of basophils in children with atopic bronchial asthma, causing suppression of proallergic pa-rameters. Considering these results there is reason to believe, that it is possible to use this method as an additional immunocorrective treatment in patients with basophilic phenotype of atopic asthma.
GYVENTOJŲ INFORMUOTUMAS APIE ŠIRDIES IR KRAUJAGYSLIŲ LIGŲ PREVENCINĘ PROGRAMĄ
Authors: Norkienė Sigutė , Pakalniškienė Nida
Published: June 2019

Kraujotakos sistemos ligos yra viena iš pagrindinių mirštamumo priežasčių kiekvienoje ES valstybėje narėje: jos sudarė 50–60% visų mirčių Baltijos valstybėse ir Rumunijoje. Pastebima, jog gyventojai Lietuvoje, nepriklausomai nuo savo amžiaus, socialinės padėties bei išsilavinimo, nepakankamai rūpinasi savo sveikata. Tai gali priklausyti nuo daugelio priežasčių, kurių viena iš pagrindinių yra žinių trūkumas apie šias ligas. Iš anksto diagnozuojant ir gydant atitinkamus kraujotakos sistemos sutrikimus, vykdant reabilitacijos ir prevencines programas, apimančias sveikos gyvensenos mokymus, širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų plitimas gali būti ženkliai sumažintas. Lietuvoje pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos vykdo širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų tikimybės įvertinimo, pirminės prevencijos priemonių plano sudarymo, esant poreikiui siuntimo išsamiai įvertinti širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų riziką paslaugas. Lietuvoje kasmet didėja gyventojų dalyvavimas prevencinėse programose, tačiau atliekant įvairias apklausas ir tyrimus aiškėja, jog dauguma neturi pakankamai informacijos apie Lietuvoje vykdomas prevencines programas, todėl nepasiekiama maksimalaus gyventojų dalyvavimo tokiose programose. Metodika: anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo 120 Klaipėdos gyventojų, iš jų 60 vyrų ir 60 moterų. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant IBM SPSS 25. Rezultatai. Pagrindinį šios programos tikslą – sumažinti sergamumą širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis žino didesnioji dalis respondentų, 65 proc.. Tačiau 23,6 proc. šio tikslo nežino. 7 iš 10 respondentų apie prevencinę programą informavo šeimos gydytojas arba slaugytojas. Visi apklaustieji respondentai sutinka, kad dalyvavimas širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų programoje gali sumažinti mirtingumą širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis. Statistiškai reikšmingai tarp vyrų ir moterų skiriasi tik požiūris į sveiką gyvenseną, mankštinimosi įpročiai, saldumynų vartojimas bei dalyvavimo prevencinėje programoje dažnumas, t.y. tiek vyrų, tiek moterų žinios apie prevencinę programą yra labai panašios. Skiriasi tik gyvenimo būdas. Nustatyta, kad moterys daug labiau domisi sveika gyvensena, nei vyrai. Pastebima, kad didžioji dalis gyventojų žino apie širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų ankstyvos diagnostikos programas ir teigia apie jų reikalingumą, tačiau dalyvavimas jose išlieka žemas. Didesnioji dalis respondentų norėtų gauti daugiau informacijos apie ŠKL prevencinę programą.
National Poverty Eradication Programme in Nigeria (NAPEP): A Case Study of Capacity Acquisition Programme (CAP) in Gombe State 2003 - 2015
Authors: Sule Babayo , Adamu Umar , Yahaya Muhammad Aminu
Published: June 2019

Poverty is one of the major socio-economic problems in Nigeria which draws the concern of policy-makers in Nigeria of recently. In response to the scourge of poverty in Nigeria, the civilian government of Obasanjo introduced Poverty Alleviation Programme (PAP) in 2000 but later, PAP was halted and replaced with National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) in 2001. NAPEP has a multi-various approach to poverty eradication including Capacity Acquisition Programme (CAP) which is an emphasis on skills acquisition and training for self-reliance. The major problem is the way poverty is increasing in alarming rate despite various efforts by government to eradicate it in the period of this study. This study examined CAP in Gombe state and its impact on poverty eradication effort. The methodology adopted for this research is the use of primary source where interview was conducted with one local government chosen from each of the three zones of the state. Secondary source was also used where literature was reviewed theoretical framework was formed to support the arguments presented. The data obtained were presented and analysed together with the hitherto existing statistics on this area. The research discovered that CAP as a component of NAPEP programme achieved little success in poverty eradication as a result of government’s unseriousness, corruption and negligence. Thus, the policy is not ideal for poverty eradication approach. The best means of poverty eradication is employment generation through provision of small scale and large-scale industries, eradication of corruption and genuine political will from the part of policy makers.
Higher Education Institutional Transparency of General Education Competencies, Assessment Measures, and Analysis of Assessment Data
Authors: McGowan Veronica
Published: June 2019

With general education coursework making up a significant portion of associate and bachelor's degree curriculum, conveying the content and importance of student competencies to stakeholder audiences has never been more essential. Accreditation pressure and accountability measures are influencing a focus on improving the presentation of competencies aligned to their assessment measures. This study examines the extent to which institutions publicly and proactively disclose relevant information regarding assessment of the general education curriculum, thereby contributing to literature forming robust comparisons of general education assessment practices. It examines the websites of seventy-one higher education institutions, representing a range of public settings in all American regions. Results show variability in the alignment of objectives to measures and reveal current themes and an emphasis regarding how competencies relate to coursework. Recommendations for improving institutional presentation are provided.
“Those for Whom This Civilization Has No Place”: Reading Eugenics inOf Mice and Men
Authors: Benlloch Vincent
Published: June 2019

Despite the prevalence of eugenics and determinist race-thinking during much of Steinbeck's working life, few critics have attempted to trace the echoes of that lineage in his work. Working within an interdiscplinary paradigm, I wish to argue that one of Steinbeck's oft-read and oft-analyzed novellas, Of Mice and Men, ought to be analyzed within the eugenic milieu of early twentieth-century America. Borrowing widely from intellectual history, philosophy, critical race theory, and labor studies, I present three distinct analytical channels for excavating the presence and activity of eugenic thinking in the novella. The first channel is a cosmological reading of the striking similarities between Steinbeck's non-teleological philosophy of “visceral understanding” and the worldview advanced by eugenicists–cum–political theorists Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard. The second is a micro-historical focus on California's role as a frontier for the institutionalization and practice of eugenics, a context that allows one to redefine some of Of Mice and Men's own narrative moments and structural relationships as marked by eugenic considerations and ethics. The third channel is a “geosophical” interpretation of the construction of the hobo archetype—which Lenny and George both fall under—in order to elucidate how hoboes and tramps become eugenically translated, a process of coding and identification of the unfit that signals to a coextensive precarity and revolutionary potential that “strange” and mobile persons embody within racially constituted spaces. In sum, much of my argument can be understood as turning around the effects and consequences of what would it mean to consider Of Mice and Men a eugenic novel in some sense.
Steinbeck Today
Authors: Ray William
Published: June 2019

The fiftieth anniversary of John Steinbeck's death in New York occasioned coverage on foreign news sites, appreciative editorials, and community commemoration in Sag Harbor. It was marred by domestic news, including renewed litigation over film rights and publication of the transcribed recording by Steinbeck's second wife of her account of their relationship. Pending publication of William Souder's life of Steinbeck, the best new writing on Steinbeck is an astute online essay by a British blogger, who implicitly answers Orwell's charge that Steinbeck lacked significance, and a compelling profile by a seasoned journalist who adds dimension and detail about the author that is likely to be cited widely in the future.
Predictors for Nonaccidental Trauma in a Child With a Fracture—A National Inpatient Database Study
Authors: Zhao Caixia , Starke Matthew , Tompson Jeffrey D. , Sabharwal Sanjeev
Published: June 2019

Background:

Despite heightened awareness and multidisciplinary efforts, a predictive model to help the clinician quantify the likelihood of nonaccidental trauma (NAT) in a child presenting with a fracture does not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based likelihood of NAT in a child presenting with a fracture.

Methods:

Using the 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database, we identified all available pediatric inpatients admitted with an extremity or spine fracture. Children with a fracture were subcategorized based on the diagnosis of NAT. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios and create a predictive model for the probability of NAT in a child with a fracture.

Results:

Of the 57,183 pediatric fracture cases, 881 (1.54%) had a concurrent diagnosis of NAT. Of these children, those presenting with multiple fractures had the highest rate of NAT (2.8%). The overall mortality rate in patients presenting with fractures and abuse was 1.8%, which was twice as high as patients without abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0). Based on multivariate analysis, younger age (OR = 0.5), black race (OR = 1.7), intracranial injury (OR = 3.7), concomitant rib fracture (OR = 7.2), and burns (OR = 8.3) were positive predictors of NAT in a child with a fracture. A weighted equation using regression coefficients was generated and plotted on a receiver operative characteristic curve, demonstrating excellent correlation and probability of NAT (area under curve = 0.962). (Equation – ln (P/(1 − P)) = −1.79 − 0.65 (age in years) + 0.51 (black race) + 1.97 (rib fracture) + 1.31 (intracranial injury) + 2.12 (burn)).

Conclusion:

Using a large, national inpatient database, we identified an overall prevalence of 1.54% of NAT in children admitted to the hospital with a fracture. Based on five independent predictors of NAT, we generated an estimated probability chart that can be used in the clinical workup of a child with a fracture and possible NAT. This evidence-based algorithm needs to be validated in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic study, Level III (case-control study).
Can the Composition of Energy Use in an Expanding Economy be Altered by Consumers’ Responses to Technological Change?
Authors: Turner Karen , Figus Gioele , Swales John Kim , Ryan Lisa , Lecca Patrizio , McGregor Peter
Published: June 2019

Technological change is necessary for economies to grow and develop. This paper investigates how this technological change could be directed in order to simultaneously reduce carbon-intensive energy use and deliver a range of economic benefits. Using both partial and general equilibrium modelling, we consider improvements in the efficiency in the delivery of electricity as an increasingly low carbon option in the UK. We demonstrate how linking this to policy action to assist and encourage households to substitute away from more carbon-intensive gas- to electricity-powered heating systems may change the composition of energy use, and implied emissions intensity, but not the level of the resulting economic expansion.
De wettelijke bedenktijd: ter achtergrond
Authors: Duldar A. , Lokin E.C.H.J.
Published: June 2019

De wettelijke bedenktijd: ter achtergrond

In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de achtergrond van het wetsvoorstel voor de invoering van een wettelijke bedenktijd. Na een korte schets van de afwijzende houding van de minister tien jaar geleden en de recente ontwikkelingen die alsnog hebben geleid tot het wetsvoorstel, benoemen de auteurs de meest prangende vragen die het wetsvoorstel oproept. Dit ter introductie van de andere bijdragen over de wettelijke bedenktijd.
Een voorzet voor de modernisering van het jeugdstrafprocesrecht in lijn met het IVRK en met oog voor de knelpunten in de praktijk
Authors: uit Beijerse J. , van der Vis C.L.
Published: June 2019

Een voorzet voor de modernisering van het jeugdstrafprocesrecht in lijn met het IVRK en met oog voor de knelpunten in de praktijk

In deze bijdrage wordt een voorzet gedaan om de modernisering van het jeugdstrafprocesrecht nog meer in lijn te brengen met de uit het IVRK voortvloeiende eisen. Achtereenvolgens wordt aandacht besteed aan de plaats van het jeugdstrafprocesrecht in het voorgestelde wetboek, aan de bijzondere positie van de buitengerechtelijke afdoening van jeugdstrafzaken door het Openbaar Ministerie en worden voorstellen gedaan met het oog op diverse zich in de jeugdstrafprocespraktijk voordoende knelpunten.
“Ipsa ructatio euangelium est”
Authors: Kim Charles G. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

In a curious turn of phrase that he offered to a particular congregation, Augustine claims that a belch became the Gospel: “Ipsa ructatio euangelium est.” The reference comes at the end of a longer digression in Sermon (s.) 341 [Dolbeau 22] about how John the Evangelist, a fisherman, came to produce his Gospel, namely he belched out what he drank in. The use of a mundane word like ructare in an oration concerning a divine being contravenes a rhetorical prohibition known as tapinosis. This kind of speech was prohibited in ancient oratory because it humiliated the subject of the declamation, and this was especially problematic if the subject was divine. According to Augustine’s reading of scripture, if the divine willfully chose to be humiliated in order to teach humility to others by example, then the person delivering a speech about the divine could contravene this oratorical vice. This article argues that Augustine does precisely that in s. 341 by examining the reasons for Augustine’s use of the terms ructare and iumentum. Specifically, it traces their usage in various Latin texts from Cicero to Plautus to the Psalms. It argues that the virtue of humility is manifest in the very language which Augustine deploys all along the way.
O negócio dos negócios não são apenas os negócios: a sustentabilidade empresarial como elemento estratégico
Authors: Moçato Elizabeth , Melo Mary Fernanda de Sousa de , Campos Willerson Lucas de , Polo Edison Fernandes
Published: June 2019

Based on theoretical and empirical studies, better business results are possible to achieve when there is alignment between the organization's strategy and sustainability management, as this alignment generate value for the organization and attend its stakeholders directly. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the reasons why companies should invest in sustainability, drawing up conclusions from literature and the perception of managers and coordinators of different areas in a Brazilian mining company. In order to do that, a qualitative research was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with those responsible for the mining company. As the main result, we have a synthesis of ten reasons why companies should invest in sustainability, that are: image, increase internal and external sales, valorization in the capital market, reduction of costs, improvement in company’s image before its stakeholders, reduction of risks, attraction and retention of talents, innovative capacities, competitive advantage and quick response or anticipation to legislation.
Escala para o consumo de produtos de luxo: indicadores de validade e precisão
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon , Macêdo Katia Barbosa
Published: June 2019

The consumption of luxury goods is complex in its essence permeate interpretation failures. In this sense the objective of this study is to describe the development and validation of a tool for analyzing the real reasons behind the decision to consume luxury products. This quantitative, descriptive study was conducted in three capitals fields, where 385 consumers of luxury goods were interviewed. Its preparation was possible because of existing studies and national and international theory, constituted from the sequential use of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The final scale consisted of 35 questions that showed good internal consistency and factorial stability. Analyses indicated that the exclusivity factor, tradition and status are key elements for the consumption of luxury, and tradition presents itself as the most important aspect in the pursuit of pleasure. The contribution of this study is to provide a tool that brings understanding to the consumption of luxury, a process fraught with opportunities for various areas of the Brazilian economy.
Biographical introduction, Summary of Contents (French edition) and Summary of Contents (Swedish edition)
Authors: Pihlaja Päivi Maria
Published: June 2019

This file contains a biographical introduction on Selim Lemström (1838-1904) followed by summaries of contents of both editions of his monograph on the Aurora Borealis, 'L'Aurore Boréale' (French edition, 1886) and 'Om polarljuset eller norrskenet' (Swedish edition, 1886).
Historische Demonstration und Anmerckung über die Eigenschafften und Ursachen des so genandten Nord-Lichts
Authors: Spidberg Jens Christian , Heinzelmann Johann Bernhard
Published: June 2019

For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas, pp. 5–7.
Antibacterial Assessment of Crude and Fractionated Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf against Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria of Wound Infection
Authors: Onifade A. K. , Agunloye O. O.
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of crude and fractionated extracts of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina against multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria isolate from wounds. The bacteria isolates obtained are: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogene; they were confirmed standard microbiological techniques. Extracts were prepared from the leaf of the plant using ethanol, chloroform, cold water and hot water. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts were assayed using the agar well diffusion methods. Multiple antibiotic resistant of the isolates was confirmed in the six (6) isolates. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols and saponins. All the extract showed varying degrees of activities depending on the extract concentration and the extract solvent. Generally, ethanol rated best as the extraction solvent which was able to inhibit all isolates except K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, and inhibits S. aureus at 50 mg/ml with zones 6.997±0.003.  The antibacterial efficacy of the extract increases with a corresponding increase in the extract concentration. The MBC values ranged from 50 - 400 mg/mL for all the extraction solvent, and this is very important for people who depend on the plant for their health care needs. Fra 1, 6, and 10 of the column fractions were able to inhibit with 8.997  ± 0.008 mm, 8.993 ± 0.012 mm and 9.007 ± 0.000 mm respectively. The functional groups are Alkene, alkane group, alkyl halides, N-H bend of amides and Alcohol. The leaf of Vernonia amgydalina can be used as a raw material for the production of new antibiotic to control multiple resistant bacteria.