bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weapon of Assault: Combat, Protective Magic, and the Fatal Throat Bite in Icelandic Sagas
Authors: McGillivray Andrew
Published: October 2024

Icelandic sagas contain a literary motif little known in other pre-modern literary traditions: the throat bite. There are 10 scenes in the sagas in which one character bites, almost bites, or contemplates biting the throat of another character. The throat bite was used by saga authors strategically and purposefully, whether to resolve conflict, similar to a more conventional murder; to signify paranormal characteristics – or lack of paranormal characteristics; or to denote interpersonal power dynamics within a saga narrative. Due to the prevalence of the throat bite in extra-narrative contexts, including its use as hunting technique among non-human animals and the documented use of human teeth as a weapon among human populations, the saga writers of medieval Iceland accurately recognized that human teeth can serve as a weapon of assault and they craftily integrated the throat bite into the composition of select sagas.
Among-family variations of wood-color parameters, decay resistance, total phenol, and total flavanol content in the heartwood of the third-generation Acacia mangium in Indonesia
Authors: Masendra  , Nezu Ikumi , Ishiguri Futoshi , Hidayati Fanny , Nirsatmanto Arif , Sunarti Sri , Surip  , Kartikaningtyas Dwi , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: October 2024

To evaluate the inheritance of natural durability of Acacia mangium Willd., wood-color parameters (Y [lightness], x [red to green], and y [yellow to blue]), mass loss by a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), and three different extracts (methanol extract, total phenol, and total flavanol content) were measured using the inner and outer heartwood of 10-year-old trees from 20 half-sib families in the third-generation A. mangium in Indonesia. The broad-sense heritability (H
2) values were moderate to high for the wood-color parameters and mass loss by white- and brown-rot fungi (H
2 = 0.210–0.851) and low to moderate for three different extracts (H
2 = 0.000–0.576). Significant negative phenotypic correlations were found between the three different extracts and mass loss by T. versicolor and F. palustris. In addition, negative correlations were found between the wood-color parameters and three different extracts. Similar results were found between the total phenol content and y and between the total flavanol content and Y in genetic correlations. Therefore, A. mangium families with lower Y and y in heartwood could produce progenies with higher total phenol and total flavanol content, leading to higher natural decay resistance.
Exploring the potential of brief peer review training in enhancing student feedback literacy
Authors: Man Deliang , Chau Meng Huat , Zainal Azlin Zaiti , Rummy Jessica Thevamalar
Published: October 2024

Despite its popularity as a recommended practice in the literature of writing instruction, peer review training seems to be more of an idea promoted than a common practice in the classroom. The reason is obvious: review training often requires considerable time and effort from the instructor and students. This study seeks to examine whether and to what extent a review training intervention as brief as two hours promotes student feedback literacy, specifically in relation to feedback provision. A quasi-experiment was conducted with two groups of Chinese undergraduate students with a follow-up interview. Results showed a positive effect on the provision of global feedback comments and an increasing focus on elaborate, constructive feedback after the training. Findings from the interview revealed students’ positive perceptions of training activities. The present study makes an empirical contribution to the literature and advances conversation in the area of peer review training and student feedback literacy.
Uncountable groups in which permutability is a transitive relation
Authors: Capasso Martina , Lancellotti Liliana
Published: October 2024

Let 𝐺 be a group.
A subgroup 𝐻 of 𝐺 is called permutable if

H
⁢
K

=

K
⁢
H

HK=KH

for all subgroups 𝐾 of 𝐺.
Permutability is not in general a transitive relation, and 𝐺 is said to be a

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-group (or to have the

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-property) if, whenever 𝐾 is a permutable subgroup of 𝐺 and 𝐻 is a permutable subgroup of 𝐾, 𝐻 is permutable in 𝐺.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of uncountable soluble groups of cardinality ℵ whose proper subgroups of cardinality ℵ have the

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-property.
We prove that such a group is a

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-group and so are all its subgroups.
Molecular evidence that GBS early neonatal sepsis results from ascending infection: comparative hybrid genomics analyses show that microorganisms in the vaginal ecosystem, amniotic fluid, chorioamniotic membranes, and neonatal blood are the same
Authors: Pongchaikul Pisut , Romero Roberto , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Kruasuwan Worarat , Mongkolsuk Paninee , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Thaipisuttikul Iyarit , Singsaneh Arunee , Khamphakul Jakkrit , Santanirand Pitak , Kotchompoo Kanyaphat , Bhuwapathanapun Maolee , Warintaksa Puntabut , Chaemsaithong Piya
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis. Materno-fetal transmission of the microorganisms present in the lower genital tract/perineum is considered to be the most frequent mode for acquisition of infection. It has also been proposed that, in a subset of cases, GBS causes acute chorioamnionitis, intraamniotic infection, and fetal/neonatal sepsis. However, the evidence to support this ascending pathway is derived from microbiologic studies that rely on cultivation methods, which do not have the resolution to determine if the microorganisms causing neonatal sepsis are the same as those found in the amniotic fluid and the vaginal ecosystem.

Methods

We used whole genome sequencing of the microorganisms isolated from the vagina, amniotic fluid, chorioamniotic membranes, and neonatal blood (four isolates) in a case of early neonatal sepsis. Using hybrid genome assembly, we characterized the genomic features including virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in four isolates from the same mother, placenta, and newborn.

Results

Whole genome sequencing revealed that the microorganisms in the four clinical isolates corresponded to S. agalactiae sequence type 1, clonal complexes 1, and serotype Ib. Comparative genomic analysis illustrated similar DNA sequences of the four genomes.

Conclusions

This study presents the first evidence of the genomic similarity of microorganisms in the vaginal ecosystem, the space between the chorioamniotic membranes of the placenta, amniotic fluid, and neonatal blood.
Commutators of multilinear fractional maximal operators with Lipschitz functions on Morrey spaces
Authors: Zhang Pu , Ağcayazı Müjdat
Published: October 2024

In this work, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the commutators generated by multilinear fractional maximal operators on the products of Morrey spaces when the symbol belongs to Lipschitz spaces.
The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
Authors: Jonusas Justinas , Drevinskaitė Mingailė , Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata , Ladukas Adomas , Patašius Aušvydas , Zabulienė Lina , Smailytė Giedrė
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the association between insulin glargine usage and the potential increase in cancer risk among the Lithuanian population diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The cohort of insulin users was established by identifying all male and female patients diagnosed with T2DM, as recorded in the National Health Insurance Fund database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users was compared with the risk in non-glargine insulin users. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The overall cancer risk for all sites combined showed no significant difference (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67–1.05). Although a general decrease in the risk of cancers was observed at most sites for glargine users, the use of insulin glargine was associated with a non-significant increase in the risk of mouth and pharynx, stomach, non-melanoma skin, breast, cervical, ovarian, and central nervous system cancers. There was a tendency for a lower risk of colon, rectum, rectosigmoid, and anus cancer among glargine users (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18–1.12, p = 0.09).

Conclusions

Our research contributes to the growing body of evidence showing that insulin glargine is not associated with an increased risk of all cancers or specific types of cancer.
A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Farhat Clara , Xega Viktoria , Liu Jun-Li
Published: October 2024

Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable due to their pluripotent ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates stem cells into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due to the observations that a single stem cell can differentiate into multiple cell types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear differentiation pathways exist. Co-expression of key factors remains essential for successful β-cell differentiation. The mature β-cell marker MAFA plays a critical role in maintaining the differentiation state and preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating pancreatic islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues for diabetes treatment. On the other hand, several enhanced differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have improved the functional insulin producing β-cells generated. These findings, with their potential to revolutionize diabetes treatment, highlight the complexity of β-cell differentiation and guide further advancements in regenerative medicine.
New notes on the equation d(n) = d(φ(n)) and the inequality d(n) > d(φ(n))
Authors: Bellaouar Djamel , Togbé Alain , Jakimczuk Rafael
Published: October 2024

Let d(n) and φ (n) denote the number of positive divisors of n and the Euler’s phi function of n, respectively. In this paper, we prove various (conditional and unconditional) results about the solvability of the Diophantine equation d(n) = d(φ(n)) and a related inequality. For further research, we present some open problems.
Other fundamental systems of solutions of the differential equation (D
2 – 2αD + α
2 + β
2)
n

y = 0, β ≠ 0
Authors: Fecenko Jozef
Published: October 2024

This paper generalizes the results of the first part of the paper [Fecenko, J.—Diekema, E.: On the linear (in)dependence of sequences of derivatives of the functions xn
sin x
and
xn
cos x, http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11184]. The main goal is to prove that the sequence of functions f(x), Df(x), …, D
2n–1
f(x), where f(x) is x

n−1e
αx
sin βx or x

n−1 e
αx
cos βx for β ≠ 0, forms a fundamental system of solutions of the differential equation (D
2 – 2αD + α
2 + β
2)
n

y = 0. Or more generally, that the sequence of functions Dkf(x), D

k+1
f(x), …, D
2n+k–1
f(x), k ∈ ℕ also forms a fundamental system of solutions of the aforementioned differential equation. The problem is solved using a suitable transformation of the Wronskian matrix, by solving a nonlinear differential equation and then calculating the determinant of the modified Wronskian matrix by applying Laplace’s generalized expansion.
Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals
Authors: Ali Muhammad Aamir , Kórus Péter , Valdés Juan E. Nápoles
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we prove some new inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type for differentiable functions with h-convex derivatives. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are extension of the existing inequalities in the literature. Finally, we give applications of the new results and outline some future problems.
New oscillatory criteria for third-order differential equations with mixed argument
Authors: Džurina Jozef , Baculíková Blanka
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we offer new technique for investigation of the third-order linear differential equation with mixed argument

y
‴

(
t
)
+
p
(
t
)
y
(
τ
(
t
)
)
=
0.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
y'''(t)+p(t)y(\tau(t))=0.
\end{array}$$

(E)

We establish new criteria for property A of (E) which fulfill the gap in the oscillation theory.
On the rate of convergence for the q-Durrmeyer polynomials in complex domains
Authors: Gurel Ovgu , Ostrovska Sofiya , Turan Mehmet
Published: October 2024

The q-Durrmeyer polynomials are one of the popular q-versions of the classical operators of approximation theory. They have been studied from different points of view by a number of researchers. The aim of this work is to estimate the rate of convergence for the sequence of the q-Durrmeyer polynomials in the case 0 < q < 1. It is proved that for any compact set 𝓓 ⊂ ℂ, the rate of convergence is O(qn
) as n → ∞. The sharpness of the obtained result is demonstrated.
Some fixed point theorems in generalized parametric metric spaces and applications to ordinary differential equations
Authors: Das Abhishikta , Ahmad Hijaz , Bag Tarapada
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is the construction of `Boyd-Wong fixed point theorem’ in the setting of generalized parametric metric space and discussion its application on existence criteria of solutions to a second order initial value problem. Also an analogue of `Banach type fixed point theorem’ of generalized parametric metric space is proved and its application on the existence of a solution of first order periodic boundary value differential equation is examined.
Extropy and statistical features of dual generalized order statistics’ concomitants arising from the Sarmanov family
Authors: Elgawad Mohamed A. Abd , Husseiny Islam A. , Barakat Haroon M. , Mansour Ghada M. , Semary Hatem , Hashem Atef F. , Alyami Salem A. , Alawady Metwally A.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we disclose several statistical properties of concomitants of dual generalized order statistics (DGOSs) under a generic setting from the Sarmanov family of bivariate distributions. For this family, cross-moments and joint distributions of concomitants of DGOSs are explored. These results' implications for order statistics and record values are examined. Extropy and cumulative residual extropy (CRE), two well-known information measures, are also investigated. This study offers a few beautiful symmetrical relationships that these inaccuracy measurements satisfy. In addition, based on the concomitants of DGOSs, the issue of estimating the negative cumulative residual extropy (NCRE), empirical NCRE and NCE are investigated using the empirical technique. Lastly, a set of bivariate data from the real world is examined.
Archimedean ℓ-groups with strong unit: cozero-sets and coincidence of types of ideals
Authors: Bhattacharjee Papiya , Hager Anthony W. , McGovern Warren Wm. , Wynne Brian
Published: October 2024

W* is the category of the title. For G ∈ W
*, we have the canonical compact space YG, and Yosida representation G ≤ C(YG), thus, for g ∈ G, one has the cozero-set coz(g) in YG. The ideals at issue in G include the principal ideals and polars, G(g) and g
⊥⊥, respectively, and the W
*-kernels of W
*-morphisms from G. The “coincidences of types” include these properties of G: (M) Each G(g) = g
⊥⊥; (Y) Each G(g) is a W
*-kernel; (CR) Each g
⊥⊥ is a W
*-kernel (iff each coz(g) is regular open). For each of these, we give numerous “rephrasings” and examples, and note that (M) = (Y) ∩ (CR). This paper is a companion to a paper in preparation by the present authors, which includes the present thrust in contexts less restrictive and more algebraic. Here, the focus on W
* brings topology to bear, and sharpens the view.
On a fractional Cauchy problem with singular initial data
Authors: Benmerrous Abdelmjid , Chadli Lalla saadia , Moujahid Abdelaziz , Elomari M’hamed , Melliani Said
Published: October 2024

This article is dedicated to establishing the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the following problem:

D

α

x

(

t

)

=
F

(

t
,
x

(

t

)

)

x

(

0

)

=

x

0

,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}{D}^{\alpha }x\left(t)=F\left(t,x\left(t))\hspace{1.0em}\\ x\left(0)={x}_{0},\hspace{1.0em}\end{array}\right.

where

x

0

{x}_{0}

is the singular generalized function and F satisfies

L

∞

{L}^{\infty }

logarithmic type,

D

α

{D}^{\alpha }

is the Caputo derivative of order

m
−
1
<
α
<
m

m-1\lt \alpha \lt m

with

m
∈

N

*

m\in {{\mathbb{N}}}^{* }

, which we will confirm to be present in Colombeau algebra. The Gronwall lemma is used in Colombeau’s algebra to establish the main results. To illustrate our theoretical analysis, we ended our work with an example.
The crystal structure of tris(2-bromo-4-methylphenyl)amine, C21H18Br3N
Authors: Yang Bingcui , Jing Xiaofang , Meng Yuanxiao , Zhong Liangli , Cui Hao
Published: October 2024

C21H18Br3N, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.0082(5) Å, b = 7.70818(16) Å, c = 15.8792(5) Å, β = 

105.108

(
3
)

°

$105.108(3){}^{\circ}$

, V = 2009.83(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0594, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1687, T = 100 K.
Biological activities of metal complexes with Schiff base
Authors: Hamad Aras Abdalrahman , Omer Rebaz Anwar , Kaka Kosrat N. , Abdulkareem Eman Ibraheem , Rashid Rzgar Faruq
Published: October 2024

Schiff bases are a class of synthetic compounds that form when primary amines combine with aldehydes or ketones. These compounds are incredibly important across various fields, such as biology, catalysis, and optics, due to their diverse features. One notable aspect is their ability to form complexes with transition metals, which opens up a wide range of potential uses, particularly in human systems. In the human body, Schiff base metal complexes display a range of biological actions, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antimalarial properties. The versatility of Schiff bases in reacting with different transition metals gives these complexes intriguing potential for addressing biological issues and treating diseases. This article explores various examples of Schiff bases, metal complexes, and their associated ligands, highlighting their usefulness in a variety of biological applications. The potential of Schiff base metal complexes as valuable agents in resolving medical difficulties and advancing biomedical research is emphasized.
The reality of Rukai Glides
Authors: Smith Alexander D.
Published: October 2024

Prosodic details offer valuable insight into the phonology of languages, but prosodically-grounded analysis alone does not reveal the whole picture. Benjamin Macaulay’s prosodic study into Rukai provides valuable insights into the syllable structure of the language, but phonological alternations, particularly the alternation of glides and fricatives, as well as the historical source of glides, suggests that glides still form an important part of Rukai’s phonology. Rather than doing away wtih glides, as Macaulay suggests, this study proposes a compromise position that acknowledges the utility of Macaulay’s prosodic analysis in many cases but keeps the glides [j] and [w] as part of the phonology of Rukai.
Reflecting on vulnerability, skill-building, and identity in an interdisciplinary SaP project
Authors: Dunleavy Matthew , Andrews Susan , VanBeselaere Carla , Laureijs Christelinda , Goguen Shannon , Roy-Loar Denise
Published: October 2024

Launched in 2021 by a team of undergraduate students, university faculty, associate researchers, and community partners collaborating as genuine equals in a diverse team, the Together Time Story Sacks intergenerational literacies program forms part of an ongoing action research project aimed at understanding and addressing barriers that residents of rural regions face in accessing literacies programming. In this paper, six team members who co-imagined, co-designed and co-implemented Together Time but occupy different roles on and beyond university campuses reflect on the ways the students-as-partners (SaP) model, through which we brought Together Time to life, shaped both our process and our outputs during the project’s pilot phase (September 2021–August 2022). We suggest that empowering humans with diverse academic and lived experiences through the SaP model is an Invigorating, messy, and, at times, nerve-racking process but an eminently fruitful enterprise that, in our opinion, produces rich research with and for our community while transforming our understanding of education and ourselves.
Research partnerships as transformational learning experiences
Authors: Tucker Allison , Chitty Bailey
Published: October 2024

A common partnership between faculty and students in post-secondary education is that of researcher as a primary investigator (PI) and research assistant (RA). In this reflective essay, we examine an unconventional research partnership between Allison, a PI, and Bailey, an RA.  Our experiences as PI and RA prompted us to reflect upon our learning partnership. We asked: In what ways might the role of RA be transformative (Mezirow, 1994) in teacher education for both researcher and student when it is approached through partnership? This partnership is unique because of its relational approach, where the PI and the RA collaborated in making decisions about the direction of the RA work. The RA’s perspective offered a different viewpoint on the research focus through which the researcher aimed to gain insights. This approach altered the dynamics of the research partnership, which evolved along the lines of both partners acting as equal contributors and co-learners through the research process. In this paper, we reflect on our consequential learning. Specifically, we focus on the learning that occurred when Bailey self-directed RA work on the topics of radical imagination, restorative justice, and appreciative inquiry, as well as the insights Allison gained through Bailey’s work. We use “I” in our respective sections and “we” and “our” in our collective writing, and we also refer to ourselves in the third person for clarity when needed.
Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Promotes Mitophagy and Ameliorates Neuronal Injury after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion via Promoting USP10-Mediated YBX1 Stability
Authors: Li Yuxian , Hu Ke , Li Jie , Yang Xirong , Wu Xiuyu , Liu Qian , Chen Yuefu , Ding Yan , Liu Lingli , Yang Qiansheng , Wang Guangwei
Published: October 2024

Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) fromPolygonum multiflorumexerts neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke. We explored whether TSG improved ischemic stroke injury via PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model were established. Cerebral injury was assessed by neurological score, hematoxylin and eosin staining, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and brain water content. Apoptosis, cell viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry, cell counting kit-8, and JC-1 staining, respectively. Colocalization of LC3-labeled autophagosomes with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2-labeled lysosomes or translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20-labeled mitochondria was observed with fluorescence microscopy. The ubiquitination level was determined using ubiquitination assay. The interaction between molecules was validated by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathioneS-transferase pull-down. We found that TSG promoted mitophagy and improved cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in MCAO rats. In OGD/R-subjected neurons, TSG promoted mitophagy, repressed neuronal apoptosis, upregulated Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1), and activated PINK1/Parkin signaling. TSG upregulated ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) to elevate YBX1 protein. Furthermore, USP10 inhibited ubiquitination-dependent YBX1 degradation.USP10overexpression activated PINK1/Parkin signaling and promoted mitophagy, which were reversed byYBX1knockdown. Moreover, TSG upregulated USP10 to promote mitophagy and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, TSG facilitated PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy by upregulating USP10/YBX1 axis to ameliorate ischemic stroke.
Developmental Spike Timing-Dependent Long-Term Depression Requires Astrocyte d-Serine at L2/3-L2/3 Synapses of the Mouse Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Andrade-Talavera Yuniesky , Sánchez-Gómez Joaquín , Coatl-Cuaya Heriberto , Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio
Published: October 2024

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a learning rule important for synaptic refinement and for learning and memory during development. While different forms of presynaptic t-LTD have been deeply investigated, little is known about the mechanisms of somatosensory cortex postsynaptic t-LTD. In the present work, we investigated the requirements and mechanisms for induction of developmental spike timing-dependent long-term depression (t-LTD) at L2/3-L2/3 synapses in the juvenile mouse somatosensory cortex. We found that postnatal day (P) 13–21 mice of either sex show t-LTD at L2/3-L2/3 synapses induced by pairing single presynaptic activity with single postsynaptic action potentials at low stimulation frequency (0.2 Hz) that is expressed postsynaptically and requires the activation of ionotropic postsynaptic NMDA-type glutamate receptors containing GluN2B subunits. In addition, it requires postsynaptic Ca2+, Ca2+release from internal stores, calcineurin, postsynaptic endocannabinoid synthesis, activation of CB1receptors, and astrocytic signaling to release the gliotransmitterd-serine to activate postsynaptic NMDARs to induce t-LTD. These results show direct evidence of the mechanism involved in developmental postsynaptic t-LTD at L2/3-L2/3 synapses, revealing a central role of astrocytes and their release ofd-serine in its induction.
Neural Transformation from Retinotopic to Background-Centric Coordinates in the Macaque Precuneus
Authors: Uchimura Motoaki , Kumano Hironori , Kitazawa Shigeru
Published: October 2024

Visual information is initially represented in retinotopic coordinates and later in craniotopic coordinates. Psychophysical evidence suggests that visual information is further represented in more general coordinates related to the external world; however, the neural basis of nonegocentric coordinates remains elusive. This study investigates the automatic transformation from egocentric to nonegocentric coordinates in the macaque precuneus (two males, one female), identified by a functional imaging study as a key area for nonegocentric representation. We found that 6.2% of neurons in the precuneus have receptive fields (RFs) anchored to the background rather than to the retina or the head, while 16% had traditional retinotopic RFs. Notably, these two types were not exclusive: many background-centric neurons initially encode a stimulus' position in retinotopic coordinates (up to ∼90 ms from the stimulus onset) but later shift to background coordinates, peaking at ∼150 ms. Regarding retinotopic information, the stimulus dominated the initial period, whereas the background dominated the later period. In the absence of a background, there is a dramatic surge in retinotopic information about the stimulus during the later phase, clearly delineating two distinct periods of retinotopic encoding: one focusing on the figure to be attended and another on the background. These findings suggest that the initial retinotopic information of the stimulus is combined with the background retinotopic information in a subsequent stage, yielding a more stable representation of the stimulus relative to the background through time-division multiplexing.
Developmental
Syngap1
Haploinsufficiency in Medial Ganglionic Eminence-Derived Interneurons Impairs Auditory Cortex Activity, Social Behavior, and Extinction of Fear Memory
Authors: Jadhav Vidya , Carreno-Munoz Maria Isabel , Chehrazi Pegah , Michaud Jacques L. , Chattopadhyaya Bidisha , Di Cristo Graziella
Published: October 2024

Mutations in SYNGAP1, a protein enriched at glutamatergic synapses, cause intellectual disability associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and sensory dysfunctions. Several studies showed that Syngap1 regulates the time course of forebrain glutamatergic synapse maturation; however, the developmental role of Syngap1 in inhibitory GABAergic neurons is less clear. GABAergic neurons can be classified into different subtypes based on their morphology, connectivity, and physiological properties. Whether
Syngap1
expression specifically in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing and somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons, which are derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), plays a role in the emergence of distinct brain functions remains largely unknown. We used genetic strategies to generate
Syngap1
haploinsufficiency in (1) prenatal interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence, (2) in postnatal PV cells, and (3) in prenatal SST interneurons. We further performed in vivo recordings and behavioral assays to test whether and how these different genetic manipulations alter brain function and behavior in mice of either sex. Mice with prenatal-onset
Syngap1
haploinsufficiency restricted to Nkx2.1-expressing neurons show abnormal cortical oscillations and increased entrainment induced by 40 Hz auditory stimulation but lack stimulus-specific adaptation. This latter phenotype was reproduced in mice with
Syngap1
haploinsufficiency restricted to PV, but not SST, interneurons. Prenatal-onset
Syngap1
haploinsufficiency in Nkx2.1-expressing neurons led to impaired social behavior and inability to extinguish fear memories; however, neither postnatal PV- nor prenatal SST-specific mutant mice show these phenotypes. We speculate that
Syngap1
haploinsufficiency in prenatal/perinatal PV interneurons may contribute to cortical activity and cognitive alterations associated with
Syngap1
mutations.
gathering
Authors: Nicholson Cecily
Published: October 2024

A poetic reflection emerging from a series of visits to Emma’s Acres, a farm led by people who were formerly incarcerated, which is part of a network of incarcerated people and their families in the Fraser Valley region of prisons.
HMS Challenger, Nova Scotia, and the Maritime World
Authors: Marsters Roger
Published: October 2024

N/A
First occurrence of the European Terrestrial Flatworm, Microplana terrestris (Müller OF, 1773) (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae), in Maritime Canada
Authors: McAlpine Donald F. , Connop P. James
Published: October 2024

The first Canadian Maritime occurrence of the European terrestrial flatworm, Microplana terrestris (Müller OF, 1773), is confirmed via genetic barcoding. Microplana terrestris was observed on the soil surface in a rural garden in Tantramar, Westmorland County, New Brunswick, in November 2021, 2022 and 2023. In addition to confirming identity, barcoding also confirmed M. terrestris diet at the site included earthworms, Aporrectodea sp., and the Common Amber Snail, Succinea putris Linnaeus, 1758. Future barcoding efforts should prove to be a useful approach to providing a more detailed understanding of diet in M. terrestris and other terrestrial flatworms, and their impact on associated soil fauna. Further reporting of non-native terrestrial flatworms in Canada could perhaps be enhanced through citizen-based science monitoring. 
Key Words: Aporrectodea sp., citizen science, diet, flatworm, invasive species, Microplana, New Brunswick, Succinea putris
Effectiveness of bariatric surgery on acquired hypothalamic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Muyang , Xu Haijia , Ying Zhen , Chen Ying , Li XiaoYing
Published: October 2024

Acquired hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a rare type of obesity caused by acquired disease-related and/or treatment-related damage to the hypothalamus, most commonly craniopharyngiomas. Effective management of HO is critical due to its significant impact on quality of life and resistance to conventional treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the 12-month, 24-month and 60-month outcomes of bariatric surgery for HO caused by CPs compared with patients with common obesity (CO). Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until May 2024. A total of four matched case-control studies were included. The results indicated that bariatric surgery significantly reduced weight in patients with HO (22.98 ± 14.22/21.47 ± 9.61/19.07 ± 16.12% total weight loss, 12/24/60 months after surgery), but the effect was significantly less than that in CO controls (−6.17/−6.41/−7.72% total weight loss 12/24/60 months after surgery). Bariatric surgery can significantly reduce body weight in craniopharyngiomas-related HO, but the effect is less than that in matched patients with common obesity. Further studies are necessary to determine the best surgical or multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of acquired HO.
Is theological axiology possible: pro et contra
Authors: Polskov Konstantin
Published: October 2024

Axiology experienced a period of rapid development at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. But until now there have been no attempts to comprehend the concept of value from the theological point of view. Within the framework of classical theology, God was contemplated to be the source of any good. Anything has value only in relation to the Divine Good. In this sense, we can talk about the “theological reduction” of axiology in theology. Axiology is the result of modern awareness by man of his right to free choice among various goods. Nevertheless academic theology of the New Age may have its own insight into the phenomenon of values. It is able to fulfill the role of critical research in relation to what someone perceives as value, in order to indicate the presence or absence of soteriological potential in such a phenomenon. Theology can also study the process of how one or another value has been recognized as soteriological and how this perception influenced the life of an individual, community or Church. The article also shows some features that distinguish the theological view of values from other ways of thinking and raises the question of the development of a theology of culture.
Benjamin Constant as a philosopher of religious sentiment
Authors: Zolotukhin Vsevolod
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with Benjamin Constant’s philosophy of religious sentiment. Constant is known primarily as political philosopher defender of Liberalism; at the same time, during his life Constant was interested in religion. The paper follows development of Constant’s views till his Athenaeum Lectures of 1818 and mature opus magnum “On Religion” (5 vols., 1824–1831). Constant’s philosophy of religious sentiment in many traits differs of the similar projects that were elaborated in the German-speaking space. Constant visited Germany for a long time, accordingly, he was acquainted with German-speaking philosophy and theology (Semler, Kant, Schleiermacher and many others); however, it did not shape Constant’s worldview. Rather, Constant used German ideas to answer on his own questions. Hence, Constant’s views are original in some traits. Firstly, unlike German colleagues he does not concentrate on epistemology of religious sentiment, but on the political and ideological aspects of religious feeling. Secondly, Constant opposes the sentiment itself to its forms changing in history as well as illustrates the latter by materials of ethnology and anthropology. Thirdly, this opposition represents the key scheme of phenomenology of religion, that is why Constant influenced not German but Dutch researchers, more precisely C. P. Tiele and G. van der Leeuw. Fourthly, Constant unlike German thinkers due to his explicite liberal views strongly criticizes church institutions. In general, despite of considerable distance between Constant’s and his German collеagues philosophers’ views, Constant is one of the closest to the German philosophy French thinkers. Constant's philosophy of religion is known primarily because of his political fame.
Fusional Vergence amplitude measurement among students of ISRA School of optometry, Isra University, Karachi campus
Authors: Azam Shua , Qadir Areej , Saleem Almas , Daniyal Muhammad , Kainat Kainat , Memon Kaif-ul-wara
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To determine mean fusional vergence amplitudes FVA and the effect age and gender on FVA. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among Isra School of optometry, Isra University, Karachi campus students from August 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 students consisting of 43 males (35.8%) and 77 females (64.1%) were recruited using a convenient sampling technique. Inclusion criteria included subjects with 6/6 vision, no any ocular disease, strabismus and subjects with exophoria or esophoria. The age ranged from 18-27 years. Patients underwent ophthalmic procedure i.e. visual acuity for both distance and near and ophthalmoscopy was performed to check the clarity of the patient’s media. After assessing the ocular media, cover test was used to check the type of phoria. By using horizontal prism bars, Positive Fusion Vergence (PFV) and Negative Fusion Vergence (NFV) were recorded as break, and recovery points at near and distance. All the information was recorded in self-made Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Result: Students were categorized into three age groups: Group 1 (18-21 years), Group 2 (22-24 years), and Group 3 (25-27 years). The data showed negative fusional divergence break-up and recovery points at distance and near, with mean values of 10.06±4.8 Δ and 7.3±4.7 Δ, respectively. Positive fusional convergence break-up and recovery points at distance and near had mean values of 10.95±6.11 Δ and 8.1±5.57 Δ, respectively. The result for negative divergence break and recovery point at distance were significant with p-value of 0.021 and 0.026, respectively Conclusion: This study concluded that the mean fusional vergence amplitudes FVA at near and distance are reduced while distance and near FV revealed no effects of age and gender. However, negative fusional break point and positive fusional recovery point were significantly affected by age.
Removal of heavy metals present in wastewater from oil and gas drilling wells through natural coagulants based on yuca almidon and Opuntia ficus indica in the municipality of Sahagún, Córdoba
Authors: Camilo Munive Solís Andrés , Trujillo Velásquez Daniela , Paola Torres Cervera Karina , Torregrosa Alcides , James Rodríguez Diaz Yim , Royero Ibarra Adriana
Published: October 2024

The efficiency of Opuntia ficus indica and Cassava Starch as coagulants in treating wastewater associated with oil and gas production was evaluated. Laboratory-scale tests of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation were conducted with contact times of 1 minute (rapid mixing), 20 minutes (slow mixing), and 30 minutes, respectively. The samples were taken from wastewater associated with oil and gas extraction, with an initial turbidity value of 14500 NTU, from a well named Clarinete-5 under Sucre jurisdiction. Various concentrations were evaluated, considering parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, pH, and heavy metals (Mercury, Iron, and Lead). Opuntia ficus indica exhibited efficiency in removing Iron, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and COD, with results exceeding 87%.
Diversity of Birds in Highland Reservoirs and Adjoining Areas of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Implication for Conservation
Authors: Weldemariam T. B. , Alembrhan A. W. , Kalayu M. A.
Published: October 2024

Avian diversity is among the key components of the earth’s biodiversity that serve as unique barometers for environmental change. Bird diversity in unprotected habitats such as reservoirs in the Tigray region is less known. A study was conducted to assess the avian diversity in highland reservoirs of the Tigray region, particularly at Maygundi and Maysye reservoirs and their adjoining habitats from August 2022 to March 2023, covering both wet and dry seasons. A line transect and point count methods aided by binoculars were used to estimate avian species diversity and distribution. Biodiversity indices and Two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A total of 1,813 individual birds belonging to 151 species, 17 orders and 51 families were recorded during the study period. Egyptian goose was the most abundant species (19.58 %), followed by Little Grebe (10. 86 %), Eurasian Coot (7.00 %), Ruff and Yellow Mantle Widowbird (3.31 % for each). A significant variation in the number of bird species between wet and dry seasons (F = 1225, df = 1, P = 0.02) and between reservoirs (F = 484, df = 1, P = 0.03) was observed. However, there was no significant difference in abundance of birds between wet and dry seasons in both reservoirs (P > 0.05). Maysye reservoir had high bird species diversity (H′ = 3.66), while Maygundi reservoir had the lowest (H′ = 3.24). The study shows that sedimentation and habitat destruction due to anthropogenic activities, including the expansion of settlements; agriculture and livestock grazing were the main threats to bird diversity. The highland reservoirs and their adjoining habitats support high avian species diversity including endemic and endangered species revealing the importance of the sites for bird conservation. Therefore, urgent conservation measures are recommended for long-term bird conservation.
Ensemble Learning Development Based on Transfer Learning for Indonesian Traditional Food Detection
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Zulfiandri Zulfiandri , Nurjannah Wilda , Muntasha Irlan
Published: October 2024

Development of traditional food competes with other traditional foods now. They must compete with fast food and food from abroad. In 2013, the food and beverage sector were the second highest contributor to tourist expenditure after accommodation. This shows its very important role in the economy. That caused, we need a model that can predict traditional Indonesian foods and snacks.  We used ensemble learning. It had 2 transfer learning methods, namely VGG-19 and Xception. They will be combined to improve the performance of the existing model. The research result shown output. It has found that the ensemble learning model achieved accuracy of up to 97% on training data and 91% on testing data. It is hoped that this prediction model can help people recognize typical Indonesian food and increase interest in and preserve the food around them.
Performance Analysis of Transfer Learning Models for Identifying AI-Generated and Real Images
Authors: Arini Arini , Azhari Muhamad , Fitri Isnaieni Ijtima’ Amna , Fahrianto Feri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of three transfer learning methods, namely InceptionV3, VGG16, and DenseNet121, in detecting AI-generated and real images. The background of this research is the unknown performance of transfer learning methods for detecting AI-generated and real images. This study introduces innovation by conducting 54 experiments involving three types of transfer learning, three dataset split ratios (60:40, 70:30, and 80:20), three optimizers (Adam, SGD, and RMSprop), two numbers of epochs (20 and 50), and the addition of dense and flatten layers during fine tuning. Performance evaluation was conducted using binary cross entropy loss and confusion matrix. This research provides significant benefits in determining the most effective transfer learning model for detecting AI-generated and real images and offers practical guidance for further development. The results show that the InceptionV3 model with the Adam optimizer, an 80:20 split ratio, and 20 epochs achieved the highest accuracy of 84.26%, with a loss of 39.54%, precision of 81.33%, recall of 82.43%, and an F1-Score of 81.88%.
Gestão educacional: formação integral e excelência acadêmica
Authors: Cerveira Kampff Adriana Justin
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo, produzido a partir da oficina realizada no Encontro de Gestores do Marista Brasil em 2024, está centrado na discussão da Gestão Educacional na perspectiva da Formação Integral e da Excelência Acadêmica. A partir de referenciais maristas de educação e de gestão educacional na contemporaneidade, este artigo apresenta múltiplas dimensões da gestão educacional, como enfoques e indicadores amplos, abordando desafios e possibilidades para assegurar a formação integral, compreendida como excelência acadêmica, nas escolas maristas.
The effects of dog sport on the psychological conditions of humans: A brief review
Authors: Selmeci Hajnalka Eszter , Gyömbér Noémi
Published: October 2024

Background

These days the popularity of dog sports is dynamically increasing. Dog sports are sports, in which dogs participate [1]. Currently, agility is the most well-known dog sport which also has the largest number of both competitive and hobby-level participants [8]. Although some people still only view agility as a hobby, there are an increasing number of dog handlers who consider it a serious sport and even select their dogs to be able to compete and achieve the best possible results in agility events [2].

Purpose

The purpose of our study was to collect and summarise previous findings that focused on the psychological aspects of agility.

Method

We searched the scientific databases based on keywords and only those studies were selected that met the following criteria: (1) empirical research, (2) participants actively competing in dog sports, (3) results describing a psychological aspect that is relevant in dog sport and (4) the research was published after 2010.

Results

After reviewing the available literature we concluded that the effects of the following psychological characteristics have already been studied in the case of agility: the motivation behind participation, interpersonal communication and satisfaction with life, forms of portraying love, effects on relationships, perception of injury prevention and the influence of environmental factors on the competition experience.

Conclusion

Based on our literature review we can conclude that participating in agility can have a positive influence on the handlers' mental state.
Dear Mixed People: Critically Examining Monoracism in College-Related TV Series
Authors: Wong-Campbell Jacob P. , Delacruz Combs Lisa , Johnston-Guerrero Marc P. , Cepeda Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Multiracial youth are one of the fastest-growing demographics in the United States. What messages might these multiracial young people be receiving about multiraciality in college-related television series? Applying Critical Race Media Literacy and Critical Multiracial Theory (MultiCrit), this study examines representations of multiracial students in Charmed, Dear White People, Ginny & Georgia, Grown-ish, and Black-ish. We find that multiracial college student characters are routinely confronted with “box-checking” on demographic forms and wrestle with the limitations of racial categories to capture complexity and the potential resources/benefits associated with selecting specific boxes. Further, multiracial college student characters question their belonging within monoracial student organizations and interracial relationships. Implications for practice and pedagogy are outlined to better leverage television depictions of multiracial college students toward disrupting rather than reinforcing monoracism in higher education contexts.