bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção de professores das salas de recursos em uma rede de ensino municipal do Paraná
Authors: Zilly Adriana , Triaca Leonardo Pereira , Faller Jossiana Wilke , Silva Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio Da , Santos Marieta Fernandes , Almeida Maria de Lourdes De
Published: January 2015

Esta pesquisa analisou a percepção dos professores, que atuam nas salas de recursos (SR) das escolas municipais de Foz do Iguaçu/PR, sobre a inclusão escolar de crianças com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEEs). Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantiqualitativa, com utilização da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2012, por meio de questionários aplicados aos professores da rede municipal. Para a análise descritiva das falas, os resultados foram organizados em planilhas. Identificaram-se serviços bem estruturados, demonstrando uma grande preocupação em nível de políticas públicas sobre a perspectiva de inclusão na assistência prestada dentro das SR aos alunos provenientes das séries iniciais (1ª a 4ª) do ensino fundamental, evidenciados por meio do acompanhamento realizado pela escola, da comunicação existente entre os profissionais de SR e ensino comum e dos materiais pedagógicos utilizados, com destaque para as atividades lúdicas. No entanto, apesar da grande variedade de NEEs atendidas, ficou explícita a dificuldade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem que esses profissionais enfrentam. Embora o município apresente um serviço educacional especializado bem estruturado nas escolas municipais para atendimento das NEEs, ainda são necessárias algumas modificações estratégicas para melhor atender esses alunos.
A pessoa com deficiência visual: considerações sobre a sua participação nas aulas de educação física
Authors: Silva Joale Jefferson da , Souto Elaine Cappellazzo
Published: January 2015

A inclusão dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais tem se tornado uma grande área de discursão na educação brasileira, por esse motivo este estudo objetivou analisar a trajetória da participação de pessoas com deficiência visual, nas aulas de Educação Física ao longo de seu processo de formação do ensino fundamental ao nível superior, para isso foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais com 6 estudantes universitários com deficiência visual da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa-PB. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, após diversas leituras os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que 90% dos participantes não executaram aulas de Educação Física nas escolas da rede regular de ensino. Entre os motivos para que isto ocorresse está a atitude negativa e a falta de preparação do professor frente a condição da deficiência do aluno, excluindo o aluno sem mesmo oferecer  oportunidade para  participação da aula. Os entrevistados relataram que eram esquecidos no momento da aula de educação física, a falta de preocupação do professor  para incluir, alguns relataram que não chegaram a conhecer o professor de educação física durante todo o ano letivo. Os participantes da pesquisa também afirmaram procurar instituições especializadas para ter o apoio que não era oferecido na escola regular, evidenciando por outro lado a intervenção positiva de profissionais de educação física nas escolas especiais. Conclui-se que apesar do direito legal à educação, na rede regular de ensino os alunos com deficiência visual não vem sendo incluídos nas aulas de educação física.
Analisando as contribuições do Programa Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa frente à prática pedagógica inclusiva dos professores orientadores de estudos
Authors: Rech Andréia Jaqueline Devalle , Antunes Helenise Sangoi , Ávila Cinthia Cardona de , Oliveira Glaucimara Pires , Silva Vanir Ferrão da
Published: January 2015

A alfabetização dos alunos com deficiência tem sido um dos maiores desafios encontrados pelo professor durante o processo de inclusão escolar. Diante disso, investir na formação continuada desse professor irá contribuir para que ele ressignifique sua prática pedagógica levando-o a acreditar na alfabetização do aluno com deficiência. Foi problematizando essas questões que esta pesquisa foi proposta. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma avaliação sobre as possíveis contribuições que o Programa Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa - PNAIC trouxe aos professores orientadores de estudo, participantes do Programa, no que diz respeito à prática pedagógica frente aos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa em que participaram 347 professores orientadores de estudos do PNAIC/Rio Grande do Sul, coordenado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Após a análise desses dados, constatamos que o PNAIC contribuiu com a prática pedagógica inclusiva de 74,06% dos orientadores de estudo. Também, verificamos que o programa contribuiu significativamente para a formação profissional e pessoal desses professores, proporcionando um espaço de troca de experiência culminando em reflexões sobre suas práticas pedagógicas frente à heterogeneidade que se faz presente na sala de aula.
Educação Especial nas Escolas Indígenas: Análise do Censo Escolar de 2007-2010
Authors: Sá Michele Aparecida de , Cia Fabiana
Published: January 2015

Na política educacional brasileira é observado que a interface da Educação Especial com a Educação Indígena está em construção. Portanto, investigar como essa interface vem sendo implementada no contexto das escolas indígenas é de suma relevância. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo geral analisar a interface entre a Educação Especial na Educação Escolar Indígena no Brasil por meio de dados de matrículas do censo escolar entre os anos de 2007 – 2010. Os objetivos específicos resultaram em caracterizar: (a) o número de matrículas de alunos indígenas com deficiência nas escolas indígenas; (b) os tipos de deficiências encontradas na população indígena; (c) as modalidade de ensino em que os alunos indígenas com deficiência estão matriculados e (d) verificar se os alunos indígenas com deficiência recebem atendimento educacional especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos Microdados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) referentes aos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010. Este estudo constatou que houve um crescimento significativo do número de alunos indígenas com deficiência matriculados nas escolas indígenas do Brasil. No que se refere ao atendimento educacional especializado, destaca-se que houve aumento do número de matrículas de alunos com deficiência nas escolas indígenas sem qualquer tipo de atendimento. Palavras-chave: Educação Especial; Educação Escolar Indígena; Censo Escolar
Formação de professores de Ciências Biológicas e a preocupação com as necessidades específicas na sala de aula
Authors: Franzin Simone Medianeira , Fontoura Andrielli Da Silva , Almeida Gabriela Lanes de , Simon Valquíria
Published: January 2015

O trabalho aqui desenvolvido se refere ao estudo realizado nas APAEs de São Vicente do Sul e Jaguari no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, pelos alunos do Grupo PET-Biologia. As APAEs como centros de recebimento de alunos com necessidades especiais exerce papel fundamental no apoio e inclusão dos alunos na sociedade. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a situação de atendimento das APAEs, promover a interação dos licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas com os alunos das APAEs e contribuir para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos mesmos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido pelas acadêmicas do Instituto Federal Farroupilha - Campus São Vicente do Sul, na forma de entrevista realizada aos funcionários e pais de alunos das APAEs. Como resultados observaram-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos e realização de atividade de apoio como neurologia. Assim, os alunos do Grupo PET-Biologia poderão contribuir para o apoio e a inclusão de pessoas com necessidades especiais, estando preparados a valorizar a diversidade como aspecto importante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.Palavras-chave: atendimentos nas APAEs, educação inclusiva, interação dos licenciandos.
Modelo de valoração ambiental baseado no lucro cessante: uma nova ferramenta de mensuração de passivos ambientais
Authors: Wakim Vasconcelos Reis , Magalhães Elizete Aparecida de
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar o Modelo de Valoração Ambiental pelo Lucro Cessante (MVALC), que tem como premissa quantificar os custos necessários para recuperação do meio ambiente e apurar os prejuízos financeiros que os agentes impactados sofreram em decorrência do dano ambiental. O MVALC é uma mescla entre os modelos de Produtividade Marginal e o Custo de Reposição, acrescido do lucro cessante devidamente corrigido financeiramente. Para a mensuração do MVALC, deve-se apurar o ganho líquido de cada agente, calculando a média ponderada de cada um, estimar o tempo mínimo necessário para correção do problema e, então, calcular o lucro cessante, corrigindo-o monetariamente pelo tempo de recuperação da área atingida. A este valor deve-se acrescentar todos os custos necessários para a correção do problema, como a mão de obra especializada, os insumos, o monitoramento, entre outros, apurando-se o passivo ambiental gerado pela degradação. Conclui-se que o modelo proposto é um avanço em comparação aos demais modelos existentes, por considerar no valor do passivo ambiental o lucro cessante dos impactados referente às indenizações. É importante ressaltar que o modelo ainda necessita de aperfeiçoamento para que possa ser utilizado em sua amplitude pelos profissionais do meio ambiente que trabalham com valoração ambiental.
Utilização de indicadores de biodiversidade em relatórios de sustentabilidade de empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Araujo Georgia Penna , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro
Published: January 2015

A biodiversidade desempenha papel preponderante no contexto ambiental em razão dos atributos e serviços prestados aos seres humanos e à preservação da vida. Indicadores de sustentabilidade relacionados com este aspecto são ferramentas essenciais na gestão ambiental corporativa e demonstram o comprometimento e a transparência das empresas com as partes interessadas, além de trazerem benefícios econômicos. Quanto às atividades econômicas imprescindíveis à qualidade de vida e ao desenvolvimento do país, o setor elétrico é responsável por impactos significativos na biodiversidade. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia adaptada de verificação do nível de atendimento de indicadores de biodiversidade quanto às diretrizes da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 (2006), declarados por empresas do grupo Eletrobrás atuantes na construção e operação de usinas hidrelétricas e linhas de transmissão. O Grau de Aderência Plena (GAPI (B)) e o Grau de Evidenciação Efetiva (GEE (B)) dos indicadores de biodiversidade foram calculados, baseados nos trabalhos de Dias (2006) e Carvalho (2007) para o período 2006-2011. Os resultados dos índices mostraram grande discrepância relativa, indicando que não há padronização na elaboração de indicadores de biodiversidade nem obrigatoriedade em sua divulgação pelas empresas. Observou-se que as empresas não costumam justificar as omissões dos indicadores, o que elevaria o desempenho qualitativo de seus relatórios de sustentabilidade. A metodologia produziu resultados mais consistentes que os estudos anteriores, superando as limitações de uma análise superficial dos indicadores. A análise da evolução temporal da qualidade da elaboração dos indicadores de biodiversidade propostos pela GRI G3, tomando-se por base os respectivos itens de compilação, mostrou a importância da observação continuada dessa ferramenta de gestão ambiental.
Reflexões Sobre a Sustentabilidade Ambiental no Brasil
Authors: Costa Fernando José Pereira da , Rodrigues Manoel Gonçalves
Published: January 2015

O mundo assiste, desde meados da década de 1970, à transição entre o Paradigma dos Combustíveis Fósseis, emergido com a Revolução Industrial e o Paradigma das Fontes Renováveis de Energia. O primeiro tomou como energético básico o carvão, até o período posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando o petróleo assume a posição de energético hegemônico. São imensas as possibilidades de combinações entre os combustíveis fósseis, seus derivados e as fontes renováveis de energia, com destaque para os energéticos oriundos da biomassa. Este aspecto, em muitos pontos, é já uma realidade no Brasil, com perspectivas amplas de futuros desenvolvimentos e o significativo peso das energias renováveis a nível da matriz energética brasileira. O País, portanto, caminha para construir uma matriz energética sustentável e limpa. Contudo, as recentes descobertas de petróleo e gás natural na camada pré-sal brasileira podem vir a representar um retrocesso em todo esse movimento, devendo-se adotar uma postura estratégica quanto ao gerenciamento das reservas petrolíferas e gasíferas afetas à camada pré-sal e também no que diz respeito à gestão da matriz energética do Brasil, e com isso abrindo possibilidades ao desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico.
Estudo do uso de conchas de sururu (Mytella falcata) no controle de pH da manipueira em reator anaerobio UASB
Authors: Silva Claudionor de Oliveira , Da Silva Alenilda Oliveira , Timoteo Débora Átila dos Santos , Santos Marília Batista dos
Published: January 2015

Durante o processamento da prensagem das raízes de mandioca são gerados vários resíduos, dentre eles destaca-se a manipueira, efluente este que contêm alta carga de poluição devido o volume e teor de matéria orgânica. Esse resíduo quando descartado de forma inadequada pode causar uma série de impactos ao meio ambiente, tais como, a contaminação do solo e lençol freático, além de causar danos à saúde pública. Uma alternativa para sanar o impacto gerado é a biodigestão anaeróbia, usando conchas de sururu para estabilizar a acidez da mesma, tornando o pH propício para o crescimento de micro-organismos metanogênicos, e com isso ocorra a substituição de reagentes químicos como solução de NaOH pelas conchas no processo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o estudo do uso de conchas de sururu (Mytella falcata) no controle do pH da manipueira em reator anaeróbio UASB. O projeto foi desenvolvido durante 91 dias. O tratamento anaeróbio da manipueira foi realizado com separação de fases, na alimentação do reator, a fase acidogênica ocorreu no período de 24 horas e de 72 horas para fase metanogênica. Utilizou-se 262 ml de efluente, o qual era diluído em água completando um total de 5,262 litros, quantidade diária de abastecimento do reator metanogênico. O processo de alimentação do reator foi contínuo e operado de forma ascendente, com tempo de retenção hidráulica (TRH) de três dias, durante todo o experimento. Durante o experimento foram coletadas amostras nos pontos: entrada do sistema de sururu (ESS), saída do sistema de sururu (SSS)e saída do reator metanogênico (SRM), sendo avaliados os parâmetros: pH e sólidos totais (ST). Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema de conchas teve um bom funcionamento, mostrando estabilidade do pH a partir da primeira semana de operação, a qual apresentou uma média de pH entre 6,44 e 6,63 na SSS, e de 6,75 e 7,23 na SRM, além de uma redução global de 47,87% de ST. Portanto, o tratamento com as conchas apresentou um resultado promissor para o controle do pH da manipueira substituindo o uso de reagentes químicos, tais como o NaOH.
La economía social y solidaria como alternativa económica. Bienes comunes y democracia
Authors: Abad Montesinos Jaime , Abad Montesinos Mercedes
Published: January 2015

El presente artículo trata de enmarcar la economía social y solidaria en el seno del actual debate producto de la crisis económica vigente, haciendo especial hincapié en las cuestiones relacionadas con los bienes comunes y la gestión democrática. La crisis presente ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de proponer modelos socio-económicos alternativos que aúnen democracia, compromiso social y sostenibilidad del medio ambiente. La economía social y solidaria, sin ser un programa homogéneo, está contribuyendo a proponer respuestas a algunos de los problemas actuales en materia de desempleo e integración social, revalorizando en los procesos económicos, no sólo los intercambios mercantiles, sino también los intereses sociales y los recursos naturales.This article aims to enlighten the importance ofsolidary and social economy in the present discussion, whose importance has increased as a result of the current economic crisis, making a special emphasis on subjects such as commons goods and democratic management. The crisis has brought up the need for alternative socio-economical management models which must combine democracy, social commitment and environmental sustainability. Solidary and social economy, without being a homogeneous program, are proposing answers to some of the present problems related to unemployment and social integration, contributing to increase the value of economic processes, not only in commercial exchanges, but also the social interest and natural resources.
Habermas, identidad moderna y mejora humana. ¿El camino a seguir?
Authors: Lopez Frías Francisco Javier
Published: January 2015

La finalidad de este artículo es triple. Primero, las secciones 1 y 2 expondrán la estructura del argumento de Jürgen Habermas respecto a las tecnologías de mejora humana. Para ello, éste será descompuesto en tres partes, que son sus pilares básicos: a) los sujetos diseñados no pueden auto-concebirse a sí mismos como autores únicos de sus vidas; b) la distinción kantiana entre objetos y personas se desvanece como consecuencia del modo en que los sujetos modificados experiencian su cuerpo; c) la relación entre los padres y su descendencia se vuelve asimétrica, de modo que es contraria a las normas de la acción comunicativa. Segundo, en la sección 3, que es concebida como un diálogo entre Habermas y sus críticos, se presentarán algunas objeciones teóricas a su argumento. Tercero, la sección 4 analizará la validez de los argumentos habermasianos y afirmará firmemente que la posición de Habermas arroja luz sobre el modo correcto de analizar las tecnologías de mejora humana desde un punto de vista moral. A saber, en función de la influencia que tienen sobre el modo en que los sujetos se auto-conciben como seres autónomos y responsables.The aim of this paper is threefold. First, the structure of Jürgen Habermas’ argument on human enhancement technologies shall be exposed in sections 1 and 2. In order to do so, this paper shall discompose Habermas’ argument in the following three parts, which will be taken to be its central pillars: a) designed people cannot self-conceive themselves as the sole authors of their lives; b) the Kantian distinction between objects and persons falls apart due to the way in which modified people experience their bodies; c) the relationship between parents and their modified offspring turns into an asymmetric one, so it is contrary to the rules of communicative action. Secondly, several objections to Habermas’ claims shall be exposed in section 3, which is mainly conceived as a dialogue between Habermas and his critics. Thirdly, section 4 shall analyse the validity ofHabermas’ claims. It shall firmly argue that his position sheds light on the right way to analyse human enhancement technologies from a moral point of view.
Aux origines du théâtre de Daniel Danis
Authors: Guay Hervé
Published: January 2015

Dans cet article, l’auteur s’intéresse au caractère syncrétique des mythes que
convoque Daniel Danis dans plusieurs pièces et qui puisent à plusieurs sources : entre
autres, la Bible et le christianisme, l’hindouisme, le judaïsme et la spiritualité
amérindienne. Au-delà de ce foisonnement, l’analyse discerne dans cette dramaturgie deux
grandes structures mythiques, la création et la destruction, dont l’interaction dynamise les
relations entre les groupes et entre les personnages. Ces mythes, fondateurs si l’on veut,
sont à leur tour inséparables de la ritualisation de la fable où se manifestent quantité de
rituels et plusieurs recours à la magie, voire au surnaturel.
Kiwi de Daniel Danis ou le vacillement des frontières
Authors: Danan Joseph
Published: January 2015

L’auteur considère quatre façons qu’a Danis de se jouer des catégories habituelles de la dramaturgie jeune public. Il explore d’abord la porosité entre théâtre et roman, qui débouche sur un traitement singulier de l’image et d’une temporalité aux contours flous. Puis, il s’attarde à la prise en charge par l’auteur de l’écriture scénique de son texte, avènement qui annonce une période d’expérimentation du côté de la performance. Il examine ensuite le tabou qui concerne les sujets légitimes dans le théâtre jeune public, et plus précisément la question de la sexualité des personnages, que Danis aborde avec franchise et délicatesse. Enfin, l’auteur porte son attention sur le déplacement d’une dramaturgie danisienne fortement enracinée dans le territoire québécois vers l’exploration de tous les ailleurs, où se manifestent notamment les violences faites aux jeunes.
Différences entre les niveaux de stress de parents d’enfants ayant ou non une DI ou un TSA
Authors: Morin Diane , De Mondehare Laurence , Maltais Julie , Picard Isabelle , Moscato Mélissa , Tassé Marc J.
Published: January 2015

Contexte. Les parents d’enfants ayant une DI ou un TSA rapportent généralement un stress plus élevé que les parents d’enfants à développement typique, ce qu’on a peu étudié au Québec. Méthode. Quatre groupes de 144 parents (ayant un enfant sans DI ni TSA; avec DI; avec TSA; avec DI et TSA) ont complété des mesures de stress parental, de soutien social et rapporté des informations concernant leur enfant. Résultats. Les analyses de variance et des contrastes prévus indiquent que les parents du groupe DI-TSA obtiennent les plus hauts niveaux de stress. Par ordre décroissant, viennent ensuite les groupes TSA, DI, et sans DI ou TSA. Les enfants du groupe DI-TSA présentent plus de comportements problématiques, de moins bonnes habiletés adaptatives et moins d’habiletés sociales. Leurs parents sont ceux qui reçoivent plus de soutien, mais également ceux qui en sont les moins satisfaits.
Compréhension des émotions et inhibition chez des enfants avec ou sans déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Treillet Véronique , Jourdan-Ionescu Colette , Blanchette Isabelle
Published: January 2015

Cette étude comparative (enfants DI et non DI) vise à vérifier le lien entre la compréhension des émotions et l’inhibition (émotionnelle et exécutive) selon des mesures directes (tâches informatisées) et indirectes (questionnaire aux parents). Deux groupes d’enfants (N. total=32), appariés sur l’âge mental, ont complété un test de compréhension des émotions (approche globale) et deux tâches Stroop (émotionnel et verbal). Les parents ont rempli un questionnaire sur l’inhibition comportementale. Les résultats montraient que les enfants présentant une DI ont un même niveau de compréhension des émotions que les non DI. Cependant, les analyses corrélationnelles montrent des différences entre les groupes dans les liens entre les variables. Les résultats suggèrent donc des dynamiques développementales différentes pour les enfants avec ou sans DI.
Validité de contenu du nouveau domaine de la littératie de l’AEPS®/EIS
Authors: Lemire Colombe , Dionne Carmen , McKinnon Suzie
Published: January 2015

Dans les années 2000, les instances nationales américaines en intervention précoce ont balisé l’évaluation en intervention à la petite enfance. Les caractéristiques de l’AEPS®/EIS, un outil d’évaluation authentique, répondent à ces critères. Présentement, une 3eédition de l’outil est en élaboration; elle vise l’introduction de deux nouveaux domaines, la littératie et la numératie. Ces domaines sont notamment importants en tant que prédicteur de la réussite scolaire. Cet article présente le volet validité de contenu pour le domaine de la littératie d’une étude sur les qualités psychométriques de ces nouveaux domaines. Les principaux résultats montrent que les items du domaine de la littératie de l’AEPS®/EIS sont en majorité pertinents et fonctionnels.
Angiomotin functions in HIV-1 assembly and budding
Authors: Mercenne Gaelle , Alam Steven L , Arii Jun , Lalonde Matthew S , Sundquist Wesley I
Published: January 2015

Many retroviral Gag proteins contain PPXY late assembly domain motifs that recruit proteins of the NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase family to facilitate virus release. Overexpression of NEDD4L can also stimulate HIV-1 release but in this case the Gag protein lacks a PPXY motif, suggesting that NEDD4L may function through an adaptor protein. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular protein Angiomotin (AMOT) can bind both NEDD4L and HIV-1 Gag. HIV-1 release and infectivity are stimulated by AMOT overexpression and inhibited by AMOT depletion, whereas AMOT mutants that cannot bind NEDD4L cannot function in virus release. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that in the absence of AMOT assembling Gag molecules fail to form a fully spherical enveloped particle. Our experiments indicate that AMOT and other motin family members function together with NEDD4L to help complete immature virion assembly prior to ESCRT-mediated virus budding.
Blind source separation for groundwater pressure analysis based on nonnegative matrix factorization
Authors: Alexandrov Boian S. , Vesselinov Velimir V.
Published: January 2015

The identification of the physical sources causing spatial and temporal fluctuations of aquifer water levels is a challenging, yet a very important hydrogeological task. The fluctuations can be caused by variations in natural and anthropogenic sources such as pumping, recharge, barometric pressures, etc. The source identification can be crucial for conceptualization of the hydrogeological conditions and characterization of aquifer properties. We propose a new computational framework for model‐free inverse analysis of pressure transients based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method for Blind Source Separation (BSS) coupled with k‐means clustering algorithm, which we call NMFk. NMFk is capable of identifying a set of unique sources from a set of experimentally measured mixed signals, without any information about the sources, their transients, and the physical mechanisms and properties controlling the signal propagation through the subsurface flow medium. Our analysis only requires information about pressure transients at a number of observation points, m, where
, and r is the number of unknown unique sources causing the observed fluctuations. We apply this new analysis on a data set from the Los Alamos National Laboratory site. We demonstrate that the sources identified by NMFk have real physical origins: barometric pressure and water‐supply pumping effects. We also estimate the barometric pressure efficiency of the monitoring wells. The possible applications of the NMFk algorithm are not limited to hydrogeology problems; NMFk can be applied to any problem where temporal system behavior is observed at multiple locations and an unknown number of physical sources are causing these fluctuations.
Variability in AIRS‐retrieved cloud amount and thermodynamic phase over west versus east Antarctica influenced by the SAM
Authors: Lubin Dan , Kahn Brian H. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Rowe Penny , Walden Von P.
Published: January 2015

In a sample of summertime cloud retrievals from the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index polarity is associated with greater cloud frequency and larger effective cloud fraction over West Antarctica compared with a negative SAM index polarity. The opposite result appears over the high East Antarctic Plateau. Comparing AIRS‐retrieved cloud fraction with Antarctic Automatic Weather Station 2 m air temperature data, a positive and significant correlation is found over most of West Antarctica, signifying a longwave heating effect of clouds. Over East Antarctica correlations between Sun elevation and 2 m air temperature are strongest, consistent with lower cloud amount.
Structured elves: Modulation by convectively generated gravity waves
Authors: Yue Jia , Lyons Walter A.
Published: January 2015

We report on a markedly striated elve (Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Source) (a “tiger elve”) observed using an intensified high‐speed Phantom camera system at the Yucca Ridge Field Station near Fort Collins, Colorado, on the night of 12 June 2013. This elve was induced by a 204 kA positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash within a mesoscale convective system in western South Dakota. A halo and a sprite followed the elve. The banded structure in the elve was aligned with convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) independently observed by a collocated color near‐infrared camera. Assuming the height of the OH layer and elve both to be 85 km, photogrammetry allowed projection of the elve and the CGGWs onto the same geographic map. The tiger elve stripes approximately overlay on the troughs (dark bands) of CGGWs. This is consistent with model predictions that the ionization rate in the D region ionosphere is inversely proportional to the air density, which is modulated by the CGGWs.
First detection of fluorine on Mars: Implications for Gale Crater's geochemistry
Authors: Forni Olivier , Gaft Michael , Toplis Michael J. , Clegg Samuel M. , Maurice Sylvestre , Wiens Roger C. , Mangold Nicolas , Gasnault Olivier , Sautter Violaine , Le Mouélic Stéphane , Meslin Pierre‐Yves , Nachon Marion , McInroy Rhonda E. , Ollila Ann M. , Cousin Agnès , Bridges John C. , Lanza Nina L. , Dyar Melinda D.
Published: January 2015

Volatiles and especially halogens (F and Cl) have been recognized as important species in the genesis and melting of planetary magmas. Data from the Chemical Camera instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity now provide the first in situ analyses of fluorine at the surface of Mars. Two principal F‐bearing mineral assemblages are identified. The first is associated with high aluminum and low calcium contents, in which the F‐bearing phase is an aluminosilicate. It is found in conglomerates and may indicate petrologically evolved sources. This is the first time that such a petrologic environment is found on Mars. The second is represented by samples that have high calcium contents, in which the main F‐bearing minerals are likely to be fluorapatites and/or fluorites. Fluorapatites are found in some sandstone and may be detrital, while fluorites are also found in the conglomerates, possibly indicating low‐T alteration processes.
Activation of very low frequency earthquakes by slow slip events in the Ryukyu Trench
Authors: Nakamura Mamoru , Sunagawa Naoya
Published: January 2015

Long‐term activity of shallow very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) in the Ryukyu Trench, unassociated with recent large thrust earthquakes, was analyzed using a broadband seismometer network. The distribution of shallow VLFEs was divided into three large clusters. The activity of the VLFEs is modulated by repetitive slow slip events, and the activity of these VLFEs increases to 2–3 times its ordinary rate at 10–20 days after the onset of the slow slip events. The activation of VLFEs could be generated by small increases on the order of approximately 0.1–0.5 kPa in Coulomb failure stress, suggesting that stress in the plate interface where the VLFEs occur is frequently released in small amounts. Moreover, the distribution of VLFEs is complementary to the historical tsunami source area and locked area. The distribution of the VLFEs indicates heterogeneity in interplate coupling along the trench.
Distinguishing between pulsed and continuous reconnection at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Onsager T. G. , Petrinec S. M. , Fuselier S. A.
Published: January 2015

Magnetic reconnection has been established as the dominant mechanism by which magnetic fields in different regions change topology to create open magnetic field lines that allow energy and momentum to flow into the magnetosphere. One of the persistent problems of magnetic reconnection is the question of whether the process is continuous or intermittent and what input condition(s) might favor one type of reconnection over the other. Observations from imagers that record FUV emissions caused by precipitating cusp ions demonstrate the global nature of magnetic reconnection. Those images show continuous ionospheric emissions even during changing interplanetary magnetic field conditions. On the other hand, in situ observations from polar‐orbiting satellites show distinctive cusp structures in flux distributions of precipitating ions, which are interpreted as the telltale signature of intermittent reconnection. This study uses a modification of the low‐velocity cutoff method, which was previously successfully used to determine the location of the reconnection site, to calculate for the cusp ion distributions the “time since reconnection occurred.” The “time since reconnection” is used to determine the “reconnection time” for the cusp magnetic field lines where these distributions have been observed. The profile of the reconnection time, either continuous or stepped, is a direct measurement of the nature of magnetic reconnection at the reconnection site. This paper will discuss a continuous and pulsed reconnection event from the Polar spacecraft to illustrate the methodology.
Medieval pulse of great earthquakes in the central Himalaya: Viewing past activities on the frontal thrust
Authors: Rajendran C. P. , John Biju , Rajendran Kusala
Published: January 2015

The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century—1934 Nepal‐Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. Focus here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identified a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Historical data suggest damaging earthquakes in A.D. 1255, 1344, 1505, 1803, and 1833, although their sources and magnitudes remain debated. We present new evidence for a great earthquake from a trench across the base of a 13 m high scarp near Ramnagar at the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. The section exposed four south verging fault strands and a backthrust offsetting a broad spectrum of lithounits, including colluvial deposits. Age data suggest that the last great earthquake in the central Himalaya most likely occurred between A.D. 1259 and 1433. While evidence for this rupture is unmistakable, the stratigraphic clues imply an earlier event, which can most tentatively be placed between A.D. 1050 and 1250. The postulated existence of this earlier event, however, requires further validation. If the two‐earthquake scenario is realistic, then the successive ruptures may have occurred in close intervals and were sourced on adjacent segments that overlapped at the trench site. Rupture(s) identified in the trench closely correlate with two damaging earthquakes of 1255 and 1344 reported from Nepal. The present study suggests that the frontal thrust in central Himalaya may have remained seismically inactive during the last ~700 years. Considering this long elapsed time, a great earthquake may be due in the region.
Magnetic anisotropy in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene single crystals
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R. , Pettke Thomas , Bender Koch Christian , Hirt Ann M.
Published: January 2015

Pyroxenes constitute an important component in mafic igneous and metamorphic rocks. They often possess a prismatic habit, and their long axis, the crystallographic c axis, helps define a lineation in a textured rock. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) serves as a fabric indicator in igneous and metamorphic rocks. If a rock's AMS is carried by pyroxenes, it can be related to their crystallographic preferred orientation and degree of alignment. This requires knowing the intrinsic AMS of pyroxene single crystals. This study provides a comprehensive low‐field and high‐field AMS investigation of chemically diverse orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene crystals in relation to crystal structure, chemical composition, oxidation state of Fe, and the possible presence of ferromagnetic inclusions. The paramagnetic anisotropy, extracted from high‐field data, shows clear relationships to crystallographic directions and Fe concentration both in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. In the diopside‐augite series, the intermediate susceptibility is parallel to b, and the maximum is at 45° to the c axis. In aegirine, the intermediate axis remains parallel to b, while the maximum susceptibility is parallel to c. The AMS of spodumene depends on Fe concentration. In enstatite, the maximum susceptibility aligns with c and the minimum with b, and in the case of hypersthene, the maximum susceptibility is normal to the exsolution lamellae. Magnetite inclusions within augite possess a ferromagnetic anisotropy with consistent orientation of the principal susceptibilities, which dominates the low‐field anisotropy. These results provide better understanding of magnetic anisotropy in pyroxenes and form a solid basis for interpretation of magnetic fabrics in pyroxene‐bearing rocks.
Evolving efficiency of restraining bends within wet kaolin analog experiments
Authors: Hatem Alexandra E. , Cooke Michele L. , Madden Elizabeth H.
Published: January 2015

Restraining bends along strike‐slip fault systems evolve by both propagation of new faults and abandonment of fault segments. Scaled analog modeling using wet kaolin allows for qualitative and quantitative observations of this evolution. To explore how bend geometry affects evolution, we model bends with a variety of initial angles, θ, from θ = 0° for a straight fault to θ = 30°. High‐angle restraining bends (θ ≥ 20°) overcome initial inefficiencies by abandoning unfavorably oriented restraining segments and propagating multiple new, inwardly dipping, oblique‐slip faults that are well oriented to accommodate convergence within the bend. Restraining bends with 0° < θ ≤ 15° maintain activity along the restraining bend segment and grow a single new oblique slip fault on one side of the bend. In all restraining bends, the first new fault propagates at ~5 mm of accumulated convergence. Particle Image Velocimetry analysis provides a complete velocity field throughout the experiments. From these data, we quantify the strike‐slip efficiency of the system as the percentage of applied plate‐parallel velocity accommodated as slip in the direction of plate motion along faults within the restraining bend. Bends with small θ initially have higher strike‐slip efficiency compared to bends with large θ. Although they have different fault geometries, all systems with a 5 cm bend width reach a steady strike‐slip efficiency of 80% after 50 mm of applied plate displacement. These experimental restraining bends resemble crustal faults in their asymmetric fault growth, asymmetric topographic gradient, and strike‐slip efficiency.
Spatial variances of wind fields and their relation to second‐order structure functions and spectra
Authors: Vogelzang Jur , King Gregory P. , Stoffelen Ad
Published: January 2015

Kinetic energy variance as a function of spatial scale for wind fields is commonly estimated either using second‐order structure functions (in the spatial domain) or by spectral analysis (in the frequency domain). Both techniques give an order‐of‐magnitude estimate. More accurate estimates are given by a statistic called spatial variance. Spatial variances have a clear interpretation and are tolerant for missing data. They can be related to second‐order structure functions, both for discrete and continuous data. Spatial variances can also be Fourier transformed to yield a relation with spectra. The flexibility of spatial variances is used to study various sampling strategies, and to compare them with second‐order structure functions and spectral variances. It is shown that the spectral sampling strategy is not seriously biased to calm conditions for scatterometer ocean surface vector winds. When the second‐order structure function behaves like
, its ratio with the spatial variance equals
. Ocean surface winds in the tropics have
between 2/3 and 1, so one‐sixth to one‐fifth of the second‐order structure function value is a good proxy for the cumulative variance.
Mechanisms of surface wave energy dissipation over a high‐concentration sediment suspension
Authors: Traykovski Peter , Trowbridge John , Kineke Gail
Published: January 2015

Field observations from the spring of 2008 on the Louisiana shelf were used to elucidate the mechanisms of wave energy dissipation over a muddy seafloor. After a period of high discharge from the Atchafalaya River, acoustic measurements showed the presence of 20 cm thick mobile fluid‐mud layers during and after wave events. While total wave energy dissipation (D) was greatest during the high energy periods, these periods had relatively low normalized attenuation rates (κ = Dissipation/Energy Flux). During declining wave‐energy conditions, as the fluid‐mud layer settled, the attenuation process became more efficient with high κ and low D. The transition from high D and low κ to high κ and low D was caused by a transition from turbulent to laminar flow in the fluid‐mud layer as measured by a Pulse‐coherent Doppler profiler. Measurements of the oscillatory boundary layer velocity profile in the fluid‐mud layer during laminar flow reveal a very thick wave boundary layer with curvature filling the entire fluid‐mud layer, suggesting a kinematic viscosity 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than that of clear water. This high viscosity is also consistent with a high wave‐attenuation rates measured by across‐shelf energy flux differences. The transition to turbulence was forced by instabilities on the lutocline, with wavelengths consistent with the dispersion relation for this two‐layer system. The measurements also provide new insight into the dynamics of wave‐supported turbidity flows during the transition from a laminar to turbulent fluid‐mud layer.
Interannual Caribbean salinity in satellite data and model simulations
Authors: Grodsky Semyon A. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Carton James A. , Bryan Frank O.
Published: January 2015

Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) reveals the presence of interannual variations in the Caribbean with about 0.5 psu change between salty and fresh events, which propagate westward across that basin at an average speed of 11 cm/s and are preceded by corresponding SSS anomalies east of the Lesser Antilles. These upstream SSS anomalies are produced by interannual changes in the Amazon plume. Their presence is verified using in situ measurements from the northwest tropical Atlantic station. In contrast to SSS, which displays westward propagation, SST changes almost immediately across the Caribbean, suggesting large‐scale atmospheric processes have a primary role in regulating interannual SST in contrast to SSS. A global 1/10° mesoscale ocean model is used to quantify possible origination mechanisms of the Caribbean salinity anomalies and their fate. Simulations confirm that they are produced by anomalous horizontal salt advection, which conveys these salinity anomalies from an area east of the Lesser Antilles across the Caribbean. Anomalous horizontal advection is dominated by mean currents acting on anomalous salinity. The model suggests that interannual Caribbean salinity anomalies eventually enter the Florida Current and reach the Gulf Stream 6–12 months after crossing the central Caribbean. Previous studies link the origin of salinity anomalies in the Amazon plume to variations in the annual freshwater discharge from the continent. In this model interannual discharge variations are absent while simulated SSS variability is in line with observations. This suggests that interannually forced ocean dynamics plays a key role in river plume variability and its spatial dispersion.
Comparing and contrasting extreme stratospheric events, including their coupling to the tropospheric circulation
Authors: Dunn‐Sigouin Etienne , Shaw Tiffany A.
Published: January 2015

Recent work has emphasized the importance of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling associated with extreme values of the polar vortex strength and stratospheric planetary wave heat flux during Northern Hemisphere winter. Here using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data the evolution of the two types of events are compared. The life cycle of total (anomaly plus climatology) positive/negative heat flux events are associated with vertically deep high‐latitude planetary wave structures and exhibit largely equal but opposite‐signed impacts, including a net deceleration/acceleration of the polar vortex due to EP flux convergence/divergence and an equatorward/poleward tropospheric jet shift in the North Atlantic. The tropospheric wave pattern is westward propagating. High‐latitude stratospheric vertical zonal wind shear plays a key role during both events. A comparison of the stratospheric events reveals that planetary wave events contribute to the development of vortex events. In particular, total negative heat flux events precede strong vortex events showing that strong vortex events represent true dynamical events involving significant wave‐mean flow interaction. Coupling with the North Atlantic jet occurs preceding vortex events when wave‐1 dominates the total eddy heat flux in the lower stratosphere since interference with wave‐2 makes the impacts less clear. The tropospheric impacts in the North Atlantic associated with planetary wave events are found to be comparable if not larger than those following vortex events.
Hydrological extremes in hyperarid regions: A diagnostic characterization of intense precipitation over the Central Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Kumar Kondapalli Niranjan , Entekhabi Dara , Molini Annalisa
Published: January 2015

Aridity is typically associated with deep and dry daytime boundary layers, stable nighttime stratification, divergent flows, and limited large‐scale moisture advection. All these factors are paramount in regulating the hydroclimatology of hyperarid regions, resulting in extremely intermittent—and often intense—local precipitation patterns. However, the link between synoptic‐scale forcing and intense precipitation over arid regions has been scarcely investigated in the literature and still remains exceedingly unexplored. We present here a diagnostic study of intense precipitation in the Central Arabian Peninsula, based on the analysis of local extreme signatures embedded in synoptic patterns. Special emphasis is given to the genesis of winter extremes over the Peninsula, and to possible effects of synchronization between the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Based on composites of the tropospheric circulation for a large ensemble of intense events, we show that moisture necessary to trigger winter extremes over the Peninsula starts to build up in average 8 days before heavy rainfall occurrence, mainly as a consequence of the interplay between the Mediterranean and the Monsoonal circulation. Moisture advection is in turn associated with an upper troposphere cyclonic circulation and pronounced potential vorticity intrusions. Overall, our results demonstrate how large‐scale precursors can be effectively used to improve the predictability of rainfall extremes in hyperarid regions.