bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schreiner vs. Joubert: Hul vernuwende rol in die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuursisteem
Authors: van Coller H , Human-Nel M
Published: April 2016

Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die wedersydse werking tussen literatuur en die samelewing te illustreer aan die hand van twee konkrete literêre voorbeelde. Daar word in hierdie verband gekyk na die invloed van die maatskappy op dit waaroor hierdie gekose skrywers op 'n gegewe moment skryf en die invloed van die sosiopolitieke omstandighede op die beoordeling van sodanige tekste. Binne die literêr-sistemiese benadering wat hier gevolg word, met die aanname dat die literêre teks slegs een (hoewel belangrike) aspek is van 'n literêre sisteem, word ook gekyk of die tekste en die ontvangs daarvan weer 'n uitwerking het op die maatskappy/sosiale of sosiopolitieke omgewing waaroor daar geskryf is. Die werk van twee alombekende Suid-Afrikaanse vroueskrywers, Olive Schreiner (1855-1920) en Elsa Joubert (1922-), spesifiek Schreiner se teks, The Story of an African Farm (1883), en Joubert se baanbrekende roman, Die swerfjare van Poppie Nongena (1978), word gebruik om hierdie resepsie-ondersoek1 te loods. Daarom is die fokus ook op die ontvangs van hierdie tekste deur hekwagters2 in die literêre veld3 tydens die onderskeie resepsie-periodes.4 Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat beide skrywers onderskeidelik met elk van hierdie romans literêre verwagtings deurbreek het, literêre vernuwing gebring het, en naas literêre waardering, ook erkenning gekry het van 'n breër (lesers)publiek. Ten slotte word op η vergelykende wyse aangedui hoe hierdie literêre normdeurbreking nie net bygedra het tot vernuwing van die afsonderlike literatuursisteme nie, maar ook die sosiopolitieke sfeer in Suid-Afrika beïnvloed het.
Moet en must: 'n Geval van Afrikaanse invloed op Suid-Afrikaanse Engels
Authors: Wasserman R
Published: April 2016

Hierdie artikel ondersoek die effek van die unieke kontaksituasie tussen gebruikers van Afrikaans en die moedertaalvariëteit van Suid-Afrikaanse Engels (SAfE) op die verspreiding van die kenmerkende makro- en mikrosemantiese eienskappe van must in SAfE. Ekstra-linguistiese motivering, sowel as linguistiese (sinchroniese en diachroniese) motivering aan die hand van korpusdata, word ten gunste van die invloed van Afrikaanse moet op must in SAfE gebied. Die ekstra-linguisitiese bespreking verken die komplekse sosiopolitiese verhouding tussen gebruikers van Afrikaans en SAfE, sowel as kwessies rakende ras en identiteit, en tweetaligheid en die onderwyssisteem. Die linguistiese bespreking ondersoek die mate waartoe must in SAfE aan die kriteria vir kontakgeïnduseerde verandering voldoen en lê in hierdie verband eerstens klem op die ooreenkomste tussen moet en must op grammatikale en semantiese vlakke. Die mate waartoe moet en must gegrammatikaliseer is (spesifiek rakende negatiewe vorme) word veral ondersoek en vergelyk. Op kwantitatiewe vlak getuig die sinchroniese en diachroniese resultate van die ondersoek van die trekkrag van Afrikaanse moet op must in SAfE in terme van gebruiksfrekwensie, en hierdie trekkrag word deur die kwalitatiewe diachroniese resultate ondersteun. Die kwalitatiewe diachroniese analise bevind dat moet in Afrikaans en must in SAfE soortgelyke verskuiwings in die makro- en mikrosemantiek vanaf die 1910's-1950's tot die 1990's-2010's in die geskrewe register ondergaan, veral ten gunste van die oordrag van mediumvlakke van verpligting met 'n objektiewe deontiese bron. Must in SAfE volg dus 'n Afrikaans-soortige semantiese patroon wat sterk van die tendens in ander moedertaalvariëteite van Engels in die wêreld afwyk.
Mitigation of drought stress by foliar application of salicylic acid and potassium in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Majeed Sadia , Akram Muhammad , Latif Muhammad , Ijaz Muhammad , Hussain Mubshar
Published: April 2016

An experiment was conducted to investigate the mitigation of drought stress by foliar application of salicylic acid and potassium in mung bean. Treatments comprised of three drought stress (control, drought stress at flowering stage and drought stress at flowering and pod formation stages) and foliar application salicylic acid (100 ppm) alone and in combination with potassium (1%). Irrigation missing at flowering stage, affected less the growth and yield as compared with irrigation missing at both flowering and pod formation stage. Exogenous application of salicylic acid and potassium could mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress significantly.
Effect of irrigation, straw mulching and weed control on growth, water useefficiency and productivity of summer mungbean
Authors: Ram Hari , Singh Guriqbal , Aggarwal Navneet
Published: April 2016

The field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2008 on loamy sand soil. The experiment was comprised of eighteen treatment combinations with three irrigation treatments (two, three and four irrigations), two weed control methods (pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha as pre- emergence and unweeded) and three mulching treatments (no mulching, mulching at sowing and straw mulching at 25 days after sowing). Three irrigations recorded significantly higher grain yield (1430 kg/ha) than two irrigations (1138 kg/ha) but statistically at par with four irrigations (1465 kg/ha). Water use efficiency was also higher in three irrigations. Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha was found to be effective in controlling weeds and increasing the grain yield as well as water use efficiency. Mulching applied at 25 days after sowing recorded the higher grain yield (1430 kg/ha) than no mulch (1289 kg/ha) and mulching at sowing (1364 kg/ha).
Some Issues On Relations Between Quality Management / Iso Standards Application And Doing Business Climate. (A Comparative Analysis Of Balkans With Western European Countries)
Authors: Ceko Enriko
Published: April 2016

The purpose of research: Determination of relations between quality management and doing business and giving some thoughts to improve the situation regarding the quality institutions and quality infrastructure parallel with doing business climate. Methods: Collection of information, data and facts from primary sources, comparing the information, data and facts gathered from primary sources, conducting relevant analysis and make recommendations on this issue. Results: Balkan countries recently have joined the international community of ISO standards as well as being part of World Bank Reports on Doing Business. These those countries for years have had multiple problems regarding quality’s institutions, quality infrastructure and doing business, problems that affect the development and performance of businesses, development and economic growth, sustainable development and improving the quality of life of citizens under the framework of the Balkan's integration into the Europe and beyond. Outcome: Improving quality’s institutions, quality infrastructure and doing business climate in Balkans will have a positive impact on increasing economic growth and improving the quality of life of citizens within the Balkan’s integration into the Europe and wider.
The Prediction Of The Influence Of The National Orientation Of Teachers’ Personality On The National Identity Of Pupils. The Case Of Lithuania
Authors: Skarbalius Egidijus , Dirgeliene Indre
Published: April 2016

Given the relevance of a problem emphasized both in the works of scientific research and legal framework the readiness of primary school teachers to educate national identity are going to be analyzed in this article considering the national orientation of teachers’ personality in educating the national identity of pupils. In spring 2014 the research was accomplished by applying quantitative research strategy. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the national orientation of teacher’s personality influences the national identity of pupils. The empirical research has revealed the extraordinary significance of teacher’s personality on the education of national identity in pupils proving at the same time that the younger a child is the stronger influence of teacher’s personality.
Corporate Governance, Board Gender Diversity And Corporate Performance: A Critical Review Of Literature
Authors: Wagana Duncan M. , Nzulwa Joyce D.
Published: April 2016

This paper aims to critically review the existing literature on the relationship between the Corporate Governance aspect of board gender diversity, and its influence on corporate performance. This review specifically evaluates theoretical and empirical literature related to board gender diversity and corporate performance with an aim of establishing areas of gaps for further research. In particular the paper identifies some of the important theoretical, operational, measurement, contextual and methodological drawbacks in previous researches and literature that restrict generalization of results to particular contexts, sectors and larger populations. Additionally, several research avenues are proposed for in- depth understanding of the relationship between board gender diversity and corporate performance. Finally, the implication of the study on policy, theory and practice are discussed.
The Importance Of Foreign Direct Investments On Economic Development In Transitional Countries: A Case Study Of Kosovo
Authors: Kukaj Halil , Ahmeti Faruk B.
Published: April 2016

The role of investment, in particularly foreign direct investment (FDI), is regarded as one of the most important contributors of economic growth. The past quarter century has witnessed remarkable growth in FDIs flow all over the world. This is due to the fact that many countries, especially developing countries, see FDI as an important element in their overall strategy for economic development. This paper provides a review of the economic impact of FDI, with specific focus on developing countries particularly Kosovo and ex-Yugoslavian countries in the Balkan Peninsula. FDIs contribute to the economic development of host country in two main ways. They include the augmentation of domestic capital and the enhancement of efficiency through the transfer of new technology, marketing and managerial skills, innovation, and best practices. Secondly, FDI has both benefits and costs, and its impact is determined by the country’s specific conditions in general and the policy environment in particular. This is in terms of the ability to diversify, the level of absorption capacity, targeting of FDI, and the various opportunities for linkages between FDI and domestic investment. The paper aims to clarify the main causes of failure of foreign direct investments in Kosovo and reviles the importance of indicators that majorly has an institutional nature. Neither the amount nor the effects of foreign direct investment were satisfactory. Therefore, the paper reviles that in this aspect, a wide range of actions needs to be made, which is specifically related to government institutions and the business community.
Liquidity – Profitability Relationship Analysed Once Again. The Case Of Poland
Authors: Wolski Rafal , Bolek Monika
Published: April 2016

In this article, a study on relationship between liquidity and profitability of an enterprise are presented. Besides traditional measures of liquidity and profitability, the analysis takes account also of dynamic measures, i.e. the cash conversion cycle and the economic value added. The authors demonstrated that the lack of cohesion in the theory in the case of statistical measures may result from the certain snapshot effect, whereas the analysis of dynamic measures allows the interpretation of ratios consistent with the theory. This article also presents EVA (Economic Value Added) as a financial ratio for the calculation of which not all accounting corrections proposed so far must be used.
The Effectiveness Of Using The Meta Cognition Strategies In Teaching Mathematics On The Development Of Systemic Thinking Among The Basic Ninth Grade Students
Authors: Khalil Al-qaisi Taiseer
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using the meta cognition strategies in teaching mathematics on the development of systemic thinking among the basic ninth grade students in Tafila Governorate. The sample of this study consisted of two female groups; experimental and control were selected from Tafila basic school for girls, and another two male groups; experimental and control were selected from Omar bin Alkhattab basic school for Boys. The analysis unit to factors and fractures was selected; teacher's guide was prepared to be used as a teaching guide. Achievement test was set up to measure the systemic thinking among the study sample, where its reliability and validity were also confirmed. The results indicated that the level of systemic thinking did not reach the level of mastery of 75%; where the average of the scores of the experimental group students was 25.28, which is considered less than proposed average of the level of mastery of 30, and with statistical significance, and with statistically significant differences between the mean scores of individuals in experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, and that there are statistically significant differences between males and females in favor of females. In light of these findings, the study recommends training the teachers on these strategies, and using the meta cognition teaching when developing the curricula. In addition, it recommends conducting similar studies on other variables such as creative thinking, critical thinking, and attitudes towards mathematics.
An Econometric Analysis Of Air Travel Demand: The Moroccan Case
Authors: Erraitab Elmostafa
Published: April 2016

Given the importance of the air traffic analysis both for airlines and civil aviation authorities, the main aim of this paper is to develop an econometric model to analyze, assess and forecast the air travel demand in Morocco. To select the relevant variables, the all possible regression procedure was conducted. The model containing price index consumer, the gross national product, household final consumption per capita and international tourist’s arrivals is the most appropriate model to represent the demand for air travel in Morocco.
An Econometric Estimation Of Nigeria’s Export Competitiveness In The Global Market
Authors: Eboreime O. F. , Umoru David
Published: April 2016

In the midst of stiff global competition among industrialized countries focuses on how Nigeria, as a developing economy develop policies and strategies for her exports competitiveness for sustainable development. To achieve this, this paper has estimated Nigeria’s exports competitiveness in the World market by utilizing the Bound Testing approach. The econometric estimate suggest that Nigeria’s exports are less competitive in the United Kingdom but highly competitive in the United States, Japan and Canada. Nigeria’s exports are strongly influenced by the level of foreign income and exchange rate at least for the United States, Japan and Canada. The study thus recommends amongst other things that, the Nigerian government should vis the foreign currencies and further develop and upgrade local industries in order to improve the productivity of these industries for better competition in the global market. The study thus recommends amongst others, that Nigeria should concentrate in the exportation of her goods and services to countries where her products are highly competitive, such as United State, Japan and Canada.
Balanced Scorecard Et Incertitude Environnementale : Cas Des Entreprises Au Maroc
Authors: Achibane Mustapha , Elhamma Azzouz
Published: April 2016

During the two last decades, the performance measurement systems are studied by a several researches in the developed countries. This type of researches is still absent in several developing countries such as Morocco for example. From the results of an empirical research, this article examines the impact of the environmental uncertainty on the performance measurement systems of the 62 Moroccan firms. The principal results of this research show that the environmental complexity and uncertainty is identified as factor which tends to foster a more balanced approach.
Regulatory Obligations Of The Electronic Communications Market, Administrative And Judicial Appeal, And Monitoring: Inspection And Sanctions In Albania
Authors: Gjika Jonida
Published: April 2016

Electronic communications services and the dynamics of their development require in itself special care and continuous efforts of the national policies. This is used to build effective strategies with the aim of laying the right steps. It is in coherence with international development of the electronic communications market for the products. It also serves as an integral part of its services. Some of the decision which will result to measurable effects in the market include: concrete steps which are related to the harmonization and alignment of the full legislation national primary, absorption and outline of the directives of the EU as an integral part thereof, drafting regulatory acts as secondary legislation, and continuous care for a hand regulatory which is strong and neutral. For careful coordination of the chains as a whole in the chain functioning of this market, where policies and sectoral strategies, regulatory and decisionmaking, entrepreneurs and consumers in the market of products/services offered are on the side of maximum benefits, it would first of all mean finding the appropriate instruments and implement them in a legal manner. This is possible through effective remedies. Thus, the development of competition is the only way that would make it possible for all the actors to find themselves on the side of the party that would win.
Enseignements Dispenses Dans Le Systeme Educatif Ivoirien Et Les Theories D’apprentissage: Quelle Pertinence ?
Authors: Patrice-Aime Djelle Opely
Published: April 2016

This article is aimed at discussing the relevance of the education system face to learning theories. It will check in what ways our approaches are both relevant and logical. Then show that three steps methodology used here must at the same time combine quantiative accuracy, group survey and the interview. And also show that the results are congruent with the problematic. In general the Ivorian Education System partly meet operalization and complex cognitive proceedings developed by individuals. A lot has to be done to bring about change, for this to happen pedagogical renewal taking into account current learning theories is needed.
Ethics And Compliance Whistleblowing Systems In Hungarian Large Companies
Authors: Szegedi Krisztina , Szilagyi Roland
Published: April 2016

In this research we were looking for the answer to the question whether ethics and compliance whistleblowing systems operating in developed countries can also work in large companies in a central European formerly socialist country where on the one hand ethics institutionalization dates back to a shorter period of time and on the other hand people associate whistleblowing systems with the network of informers and if so, how do they work. The aims of this study are: (1) to introduce the theoretical background the concepts of whistle blowing, (2) to describe the results of international and domestic researches regarding whistleblowing systems, and (3) to use quantitative research methods to investigate the characteristics of whistleblowing systems in large Hungarian companies. The empirical survey indicates that company whistleblowing systems work less efficiently in practice in the surveyed company range which might refer to the deficiency in the external and internal ethics communication as well as to the low level of trust.
The Correlations Between Mentors‘ Leadership Competencies And The Functions Performed By The Mentors
Authors: Skarbaliene Aelita
Published: April 2016

Although it is acknowledged positive mentor’s influence to mentee’s development, but not many researches were done to find personal and professional qualities that makes mentor to perform his or her functions better. The lack of such researches encouraged to carry out the research and to determine if the mentor’s leadership competencies have an effect on performance of mentor’s functions, i.e. to determine the correlations between the mentor’s leadership competencies and the quality of mentor’s functions performed. It was determined average strong, statistically significant linear positive correlation between mentor’s leadership competences and the quality of mentor’s functions performed. This correlation means that if mentor has stronger leadership competences, he or she performs mentor‘s functions better.
Political Movement By Apolitical Activist: Gezi Park Protests
Authors: Polat Ferihan , Subay Ozlem Ozdesim
Published: April 2016

Gezi Park Protests leaving its mark in the June of 2015, is understood from so many perspectives by national and international academicians. On the one hand, some social scientists recognize this movement as apolitical action by analyzing the identity of activist, on the other hand, some of them claims that this movement is a political one by pointing out that the aim of the movement is against the Ak Party Government especially Erdoğan himself. This study aiming to understand Gezi Park Protests puts forward that having apolitical identity of activists is not enough to recognize the movement as apolitical one and also claiming that having political action cannot be explained by the idea that the movement is just against the Ak Party Government. This study justifying that this movement cannot be explained by the idea of domestic political conflict and separation as Turkey is a part of global capitalist order, focuses on dimensions of crossing national borders. Beyond the evaluation of Gezi Park Protests as an international conspiracy, interpretation of this movement as a part of the growing public protests against the system on a global scale is a more plausible perspective to understand the multidimensional social reality.
The Mobile Phone & Its Impact In Teenagers`Daily Life
Authors: Topalli Bujane
Published: April 2016

The mobile phone, as a medium has influenced the ways in which we can interact with other media. It is considered like a channel between traditional and new media. Its specific characteristics, social functions and also its uses may vary in different contexts and cultures. The mobile phone, has contributed in increasing the idea of personal media, and the emergence of new kinds of media behavior. According to Morley (2002), communication technologies transform and rearrange relations between the domestic and the public space. In particular, mobile communication functions to broaden the sphere of the home outside the physical household; to blur the boundaries between the public and private spheres. In this study we aim to discuss through the literature review the role of the phone in the everyday life, and to know more about the different ways and reasons why 12-15 year old teenagers, part of Municipality of Shkoder, use mobile phone. This qualitative research is based on semi structured interviews with children. The identified problems consist in: First: The children use more mobile phones in order to use the internet and social networks and this makes it really difficult for their parents to control them. This exposes more the children towards negative effect of internet usage. The second problem is that parents do not have enough knowledge on the usage of new technology. Third: Children have taken information about the risk of internet from the media or by friends and they haven't discussed about this subject at school with teachers.
Parents Perception Toward Their Children With /Or At Risk Of Behavioral Problems
Authors: Alzayer Rehab
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe parents’ perceptions towards their children with /or at risk of behavioral problems. It included parents’ insight about their children with problem behaviors, parents’ perceptions of the strategies/or servises they receive from the school, and about the support they receive from school personnel. Semistructured interviews were conducted with two parents who have children with challenging behaviors. The data were collected, transcribed, and analyzed in a three-week period. The findings section revealed the importance of collaboration between parents who have children with behavioral problems and schools.
Examination Of Interaction And Statistical Differences Between Information And Communication Within Internal Control And Managers’ Perceived Communication Skills
Authors: Yalcin Ibrahim , Seker Mustafa
Published: April 2016

Internal control, which plays a proactive and integral role in organizations’ adaptation to changes and alterations that they face, is a dynamic structure that is developed as a result of strategic plans and analyses which contributes greatly to the realizing of organizational strategies. Strategic analysis has two aspects. First one is the aspect that displays the internal characteristics of organization and the second is related to its external environment. Information and communication have vital importance because of being both one of the internal characteristics of organization and one of the compounds of internal control. In the application stage of the research, a face-to-face survey was applied to 373 people selected by simple random sampling, who work at state schools of primary and secondary education in province of Nigde, in Turkey. Hypotheses that were formulated according to research model were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Consequently, perceived communication skills of managers are effective on internal control information and communication and there are statistical relationship and significant differences between them.
Historical Paths In The Market Insertion Of Forest Communities In South Eastern Mexico: First Insertion (1900 To 1944)
Authors: Forster Rene A , Guemez-Ricalde Francisco , Zapata Jose Luis
Published: April 2016

The southern state of Quintana Roo, Mexico has been, for almost a century, stage of a colonization strategy based on community forestry. To consolidate this initiative, forest product marketing is of central importance. To understand related problems, it has proven useful to see them as embedded in value chains. The present study aims at understanding the main determinants in the changes in value chains that imply improvement or deterioration in the position of forest communities. To this purpose, a historical approach has been chosen. Based on archival studies and bibliographical research, four aspects of value chain development – land uses, governmental action, value chain actors, and external demand – have been analysed for the first half of the 20th century. Two major value chains were identified for this period. The first concerned the production of chewing-gum base, elaborated from the sap of Manilkara sapota, a tree species very common in the region. The second concerned mahogany logs. While communities were able to insert themselves in the first value chain, mahogany log production remained in the hands of private companies throughout the time analysed. The insertion of communities was made possible due to a bold governmental effort and the relative negotiating weakness of international buyers, which were exposed to strong competition in a quickly concentrating market. The insertion in the chewing-gum value chain brought significant income increases for forest communities and its members. It also implied a clearer “interface”, in which negotiations became more market driven, and less dependent on factors like state financing or political will.
True Federalism? Illustrations With The Venn Diagram
Authors: Kalu John Otisi
Published: April 2016

The growing call for the reinvention of true federalism in many federations reflects the ambiguity inherent in federalism and its practice across countries. This article arises from the controversy it has generated, as to whether there is anything like true federalism or not, where it can be found, and how to determine it. Beyond lending a voice to the debate, this article contributes significantly by simplifying in clear terms, why there exists such calls for true federalism, what depicts it, and what specific factors should be looked out for in order to ascertain the practice of true federalism. By employing the schematics of the Venn diagram, the article creates the templates to visually perceive the interactions between political entities in a federal relation; showing the opposing forces—unification and autonomy— in each entity, which true federalism aims to accommodate, nurture, and safeguard. It concludes that true federalism is the pursuit for unification and maintenance of some levels of independence among different political communities in a given federation, without the attempt by any government to suppress each of these expressions.
Histopathological Effects and Element Concentration Of Body Tissues Of Ranid Frog Inhabiting Polluted Water Sites
Authors: Zahra Aqeela , Tayyab Muhammad , Qureshi Irfan Zia
Published: April 2016

Freshwater or wetlands are being polluted on regular basis due to the release of domestic sewage and most importantly industrial effluents that include chemicals, organic pollutants and heavy metals, and run-off from land-based activities containing leached fertilizers. Pollutants are such substances that reduce quality of water that effect directly and indirectly. The present study was carried out on Korang River Islamabad/Rawalpindi. Two different locations were selected along the Korang River. The data were collected two times during the current study period; March 2012, and October 2012. Ranid frogs (n=10) were captured from all selected sites, which were dissected to collect blood and body tissue samples. During the month of March and October the concentration of heavy metals in water samples increase and decrease significantly at both sites of Korang River. The continuous leaching of contaminants may cause abnormal tissue damage in amphibians making them more vulnerable to predation and competition and also decreased reproductive success.
Field Dependence/Independence, Impulsivity/Reflectivity, Gender, and Cloze Test Performance of Iranian EFL Learners: A Study of Relations
Authors: Rastegar Mina , Honarmand Nazanin Mehrabizadeh
Published: April 2016

This study aimed at exploring any significant relationships among field dependence/independence, impulsivity/reflectivity, and cloze test performance of Iranian EFL learners, and attempted to seek any significant differences between males and females regarding their field dependence/independence, impulsivity/reflectivity, and cloze test performance. Participants were 72 (47 females and 25 males) Iranian EFL university students in ShahidBahonar University of Kerman. Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) by Witkin et al. (1971), Impulsivity subscale of Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness, and Empathy (IVE) scale by Eysenck and Eysenck(1978), and a cloze test consisting of two cloze passages (Oller& Perkins, 1980) were utilized to obtain the required data.To statistically analyzethe data, the statistical procedures of Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Samples T-test were utilized using SPSS version 21. The findings of this study indicated that field independence had a significant positive correlation with reflectivity, and field dependence also had a significant positive correlation with impulsivity. However, the findings revealed no significant relationship between cloze test performance and any of other variables. It was also found that females are more reflective and males tend to be more impulsive.
Manejo De Residuos Sólidos Hospitalarios En La Unidad Oncológica Solca-Chimborazo
Authors: Brito H. , Cazar R. , Moreno N. , Quintanilla J. , Inca M. , Guillen M. , Zavala D. , Robalino P.
Published: April 2016

It was determined that the handling of the solid waste generated by the SOLCA – Chimborazo cancer hospital was not appropriate, both internally and externally. Because of that, the classification, transport, storage, deactivation, and intermediate disposition are inconvenient. Thus, it was realized that it is important to have the requirements and documents to follow and comply the objectives that are specified within the management, focusing on feedback and continuous improvement. To learn about the nature of the generated residuals, they were characterized in the hospital. Common, infectious, radioactive, organic and sharp residuals were found during the months of September, November and December. The common waste is comprised of cardboard, paper and plastic. The per-capita production of residuals was 0.76 kg/patient/day. The environmental impact caused by the generation of hospital solid waste was 56% severe impacts and 44% moderate impacts, which could elicit health problems in the population surrounding the hospital. For this reason, the appropriate management of solid waste allowed to obtain large environmental benefits and reduce the pollution generated by the hospital solid waste. It is recommended to SOLCA-Chimborazo and other health institutions the implementation of an adequate solid waste management, which will allow them to comply with all the requirements enforced by the environmental regulations.
Turkish Fathers' Language Use In The Context Of Toy Play
Authors: Cengiz Ozge , Cakir Hamide
Published: April 2016

Parent-child interactions and the characteristics of child-directed language have been related to children’s linguistic development. Studies on parent-child interactions have generally focused on mothers. There has been very little research on the language used by fathers in interactions with their children. This study addresses this gap by investigating the properties of Turkish paternal language use including their use of question types within the framework of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain; that is, we try to explore to what extent fathers' language use differentiates depending on their socioeconomic status in terms of Bloom’s Taxonomy, thus which fathers help their children gain higher thinking skills before entering school. Bloom’s Taxonomy which is a model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create) is hierarchical; in that, each level is subsumed by the higher levels. In this cross-sectional study, high and low socioeconomic status (SES) fathers were taped in their homes with their preschoolers in the context of toy play. The results showed that both group of fathers produced the most utterances at the remember level. Both groups produced no utterance at the analyze level, and low SES fathers produced no utterance at the apply and create levels. High SES fathers asked open ended question at all levels except the analyze level, while low SES fathers asked open ended questions only at the remember and understand levels.
Determining The Academic Knowledge Level Of Social Studies Teacher Candidates On Settlement Geography Of Turkey
Authors: Ocal Tulay
Published: April 2016

Having a long history of settlement, Anatolia has a distinctive role in settlement geography. Despite the fact that people may cause changes in physical environment in various other ways, the conversion of physical geographic expression into a cultural geographic expression had been realized most vigorously where people were settled in. Therefore, through history the settlements have been the focus of all branches of the social sciences and have been researched. Most especially, it has been at the core of history and geography and has become one of their most popular research topics. Being situated at the crossroads of three continents geographically, Turkey has attracted various civilizations since ancient times and increased the significance of settlements in here. Researches of settlements as a field of social studies have been one of the significant issues those should be handed down the rising generations. Increasing the academic knowledge level of social studies teacher candidates who are to pass these issues on rising genereations, constitutes our subject matter. For that purpose, an activity was organized within the context of a technical visit of 30 third grade students from Faculty of Education Department of Elementary School Division of Social Sciences Education, 10 of which were female and 20 male, within the scope of settlement geography, a sub-branch of Human and Economic Geography of Turkey, an excursion-observation activity at Konya (Çumra) Çatalhöyük, where we have grown wheat grass beforehand. Also the students were instructed via a descriptive study which was vocalized in order to emphasize the agricultural activities that have been initialized with the historical basis of Anatolia and human settlement in here. This study is based on phenomenology research design, among the qualitative research methods. The one-sample pretest-posttest method which includes the descriptive analysis was used in this study. 6 open ended questions were prepared for pretest and posttest. This study aimed at increasing the academic level of teacher candidates on Çatalhöyük, which is considerably important with regard to settlement geography in Anatolia and thus, making the accumulation of knowledge outlast as they pass it on the rising generations.
The Debate Over Euthanasia and Human Rights
Authors: Shala Irena , Gusha Kilda
Published: April 2016

The present article analyzes the debate on issue of euthanasia (voluntary assisted suicide) and the relevance of international human rights norms to that debate. Euthanasia is one of the most complex issues facing human rights, especially given its ethical, legal, medical and religious dimensions. These include: modern medical technology and the availability of medical measures to prolong life; In historical terms inherit challenging laws by refusing euthanasia; The phenomenon of growing older population and the large the number of people affected by AIDS; And fall the impact of religious organizations that consider life to be sacred: terminating a life, for whatever reason, not only infringes religious beliefs but may transgress divine activities beyond the reach of human beings. Justice system is an essential player in the debate. Although euthanasia is generally unlawful, there is an increasing movement towards legalization, particularly in western jurisdictions. Serious political and legal actions taken by euthanasia advocates and their lawyers have brought assisted suicide to the brink of legal assistance. In fact, legislation allowing voluntary euthanasia has been passed in a small number of jurisdictions, and domestic courts in other countries are being repeatedly asked to consider whether the interests at stake with regard to the right to die should be recognized. Die due to euthanasia in Albania is a criminal offense which is considered a violation of the right to live and punished according to the Criminal Code. But in the Code of Ethics and Deontology of the Order of Physicians, there is a provision, which allows the application of a form of interference, which can be interpreted in as passive euthanasia. And this decision remains entirely to the discretion of the physician.
Advanced Systematic Pattern Effect controlling the survey of Critical Thinking Skill in the National Study of Civic Education and Tenth Grade Students in the Development of Jordan
Authors: Tarawneh Doha I.
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal the typical effect of Advanced Regulator controlling the survey of critical thinking skill in the National Study of Civic Education and Tenth Grade Students in the development of Jordan. The study population consisted of all tenth grade students in schools which included at least two divisions. However, this included the grade in the education directorate which is the banner of the southern shrine. The study sample consisted of 120 students from students in school communities. They included 40 male students and 80 female students, which were spread over four study group. Two of the four divisions in each school were taught the Advanced orderly pattern, while the other two divisions were taught the Achtbaraltvkir critic preset. This arbitration process procedure was carried out to test the equality of the groups. After a dimensional treatment, the collected data were statistically analyzed using statistical software (SPSS) and statistical processor Pearson correlation coefficient. The forgoing analysis were done to test the stability of the expense, as well as the calculated circles and standard deviations, in order to make comparisons. Furthermore, the results of the two-way analysis of variance ((2x2) Two-way ANOVA) was also extracted. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α> 0.05) in the skill of critical thinking development, due to the pattern of teaching or the interaction between style and gender. There were statistically significant differences at the same level of significance attributed to gender (male and female) and in favor of female students. The study concluded with recommendations in their entirety focus attention on the need for modern teaching patterns, as well as critical thinking skill to give a greater share in the area of curriculum.
Simulation-Based Performance Analysis Of Wireless Routing Protocols For Smart Metering Applications
Authors: Sooki Peter , Korosi Akos
Published: April 2016

There is a growing interest for smart metering applications in wireless environment recently. Wireless smart meter devices are easy to use solutions for recording energy consumption and report back the amount to the utility on a daily basis. This kind of usage of smart meter devices can be considered as a special subset of wireless sensor networks (WSN). The communication protocol used in smart meter networks has to be fast, reliable and secure. The challenge in developing such a protocol is the difficulty to debug software on multiple wireless nodes at the same time. This difficulty highlights the importance of the simulation-based approach. The most laborious part of the wireless communication is the routing protocol in the network layer when it comes to implementation. In this paper different wireless communication routing protocols are compared by simulation including naive Flooding, Gradient-Based Routing (GBR) and Directed Diffusion (DD). The simulation results show that GBR and DD have a superior performance over flooding as expected, and that GBR and DD has similar efficiency in a smart metering application. Since GBR is easier to implement it is the recommended solution for routing in a smart metering network.
Is Virtual Reality (VR) Becoming an Effective Application for the Market Opportunity in Health Care, Manufacturing, and Entertainment Industry?
Authors: Kim Kay
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how virtual reality technology has been blossoming and applying in the past few years to quickly become the next big new products development in high technology industry. Thanks to this technology being backed by major tech and manufacturing firms, such as Facebook, Ford, and Sony, it has shown much promise in impacting our lives by bringing something completely new to our experience of processing data. There are three sectors in particular where it benefits most; healthcare, manufacturing, and entertainment. The paper explains in detail how these areas are positively impacted and applied.
La Plaque Console Du Radius : Une Alternative Dans L’ostéosynthèse Des Fractures De L’extrémité Supérieure De L’humérus ?
Authors: A Walla , A Abalo , YE James , B Bakriga , T Towoezim , NK Kombaté , K Amakoutou , AM Dossim
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to report the results of our experience in the treatment of proximal fractures with distal radius plate. This prospective study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2014. It took into account patients with a body mass index (BMI) not more than 25 kg/m2 in which the indication of conservative surgical treatment was decided and who did not have enough financial means to fulfill the required implants. The Neer classification was used to characterize fracture. To assess treatment outcomes, we used UCLA (University of California in Los Angeles) slightly modified score. There were 17 patients including 10 men and 7 women with a mean age of 32 years. According to Neer classification, six patients (35,29%) had stage I lesions, 5 others (29,42%) stage II and 6 patients (35,29%), stage III. There was no open fracture. There were three cases (17, 66%) of fracture-dislocations with one posterior variety. The average time of care was 13, 7 days (with a range of 2 to 29 days). The average time of healing was 117, 4 days with extremes of 81 days and 4 months 10 days. All patients were consolidated. The results at a mean of 15.31 months revealed excellent results in 29.41% and 29.41% poor results. In young patients whose treatment should be as conservative as possible, the distal radius plate could be an alternative if patient BMI does not exceed 25 kg/m2 and the epiphyseal screws are not too long. In case of comminuted fracture, it seems more desirable to postpone the osteosynthesis of weeks. However, only other subsequent studies on larger samples and longer followup, may lead to some conclusions about the usefulness of the distal radius plate in these lesions.
Les Plaies Penetrantes Par Armes Blanches Et A Feu A N’djamena, Tchad: Une Epidemie Silencieuse ?
Authors: O Choua , K Rimtebaye , M Adam Adami , G Bekoutou , M A. Anour
Published: April 2016

Aim: the aim of this study was to report the experience of the General Hospital of National Reference in N'djamena (Chad) in the management of penetrating wounds. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study ranging from 01/07/2013 to 30/06/2014. Were included all patients undergoing penetrating stab or firearm wound. The studied variables were: age, sex, and type of trauma, prehospital delay, transport, and the treatment. The length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality were also studied. Results: the series included 129 patients: 120 men (93%) and 9 women (7%). penetrating trauma constituted 22.7% of the 569 surgical emergency admissions. They were caused by a knife and a gun in respectively 112 (77.5%) and 17 (13.2%) patients. Brawls and assaults were the cause of trauma in 78 cases, respectively (60.5%) and 47 cases (36.4%). The cause was accidental in 4 cases (3.1%). The most used wounding agent was the knife in 100 cases (77.5%), followed by firearms in 17 cases (13.2%) and other sharp objects in 12 cases (9.3%). The admission average time was 3,7h. Patients arrived mostly by public transport. Penetrating wounds were respectively 67 cases in thoracic, 50 cases in abdominal and in 2 intracerebral cases. Treating chest wounds included: in 50.7% of cases right thoracic drain, 46.3% of left thoracic drain and 3% of bilateral thoracic drain. For abdominal penetrating wounds laparotomy was the rule. Surgical treatment in these cases: 6 gastric sutures, 25 sutures and 4 resection of the small intestine, and 10 sutures, plus 2 resections of the colon, 3 negative laparotomies. Similarly, the diaphragm, the liver, and spleen injuries had proper treatment. Elsewhere, two intra brain knives were extracted. The average stay was 8.9 days. Morbidity was 6.2% and mortality 3.1%. Conclusion: penetrating trauma is a real public health problem in N'Djamena related to brawls and aggressions. Knife is the most used agent.