bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome and Safety of Endoscopic Treatment Options for Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO) in Patients ≥ 75 Years of Age
Authors: Deininger Susanne , Dieplinger Anna Maria , Lauth Wanda , Lusuardi Lukas , Törzsök Peter , Oswald David , Pallauf Maximilian , Eiben Christian , Peters Julia , Erne Eva , Zangl Quirin , Deininger Christian , Ramesmayer Christian
Published: March 2024

Background: The selection of suitable patients for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) is a challenge in persons ≥75 years of age. Methods: After a systematic literature search of PubMed, 22 articles were included in this review. Clinical and functional parameters were evaluated statistically. Results: The mean age of the patients was ≥79 years. The mean duration of postoperative catheterization ranged between 2 (d) (ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate) and 4.4 days (TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate). Complication rates ranged between 6% (HoLAP, holmium laser ablation of the prostate) and 34% (PVP, photoselective vaporization of the prostate); the maximum rate of severe complications was 4% (TURP). The mean postoperative maximal urinary flow (Qmax) in mL/sec. ranged between 12.9 mL/sec. (HoLAP) and 19.8 mL/sec (Hol-TUIP, holmium laser transurethral incision of the prostate). The mean quality of life (QoL) score fell from 4.7 ± 0.9 to 1.8 ± 0.7 (HoLEP), from 4.1 ± 0.4 to 1.9 ± 0.8 (PVP), from 5.1 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.2 (TURP), and from 4 to 1 (ThuVEP, thulium laser vapoenucleation of the prostate). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) revealed a positive linear correlation between age and inferior functional outcome (higher postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) [r = 0.4175]), higher overall complication rates (r = 0.5432), and blood transfusions (r = 0.4474) across all surgical techniques. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides the summary estimates for perioperative and postoperative functional outcome and safety of endoscopic treatment options for BPO in patients ≥ 75 years of age. Of particular importance is that all surgical techniques significantly improve the postoperative quality of life of patients in this age group compared to their preoperative quality of life.
Time Domain Vibration Analysis of an Ice Shelf
Authors: Aljabri Rehab , Meylan Michael H.
Published: March 2024

A method is presented to calculate the vibrations of an ice shelf floating in shallow water under different boundary conditions. One condition is that there is no flux, which reduces all calculations and the other is that there is no pressure at the seaward end of the ice shelf. The effect of these boundary conditions is investigated in detail, and the modes of vibration are also determined. Motion simulations of the system are presented for the potential velocity of the water and the vertical displacement of the ice shelf. These are found through a numerical method, which reduces all calculations to matrix multiplication. The underlying motion is shown to be very complex and difficult to interpret from single-point response measurements. The motion of more realistic ice shelves can be expected to be even more complicated.
Three Genes Involved in Different Signaling Pathways, carS, wcoA, and acyA, Participate in the Regulation of Fusarin Biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi
Authors: Díaz-Sánchez Violeta , Castrillo Marta , García-Martínez Jorge , Avalos Javier , Limón M. Carmen
Published: March 2024

The phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium fujikuroi has a rich secondary metabolism which includes the synthesis of very different metabolites in response to diverse environmental cues, such as light or nitrogen. Here, we focused our attention on fusarins, a class of mycotoxins whose synthesis is downregulated by nitrogen starvation. Previous data showed that mutants of genes involved in carotenoid regulation (carS, encoding a RING finger protein repressor), light detection (wcoA, White Collar photoreceptor), and cAMP signaling (AcyA, adenylate cyclase) affect the synthesis of different metabolites. We studied the effect of these mutations on fusarin production and the expression of the fus1 gene, which encodes the key polyketide synthase of the pathway. We found that the three proteins are positive regulators of fusarin synthesis, especially WcoA and AcyA, linking light regulation to cAMP signaling. Genes for two other photoreceptors, the cryptochrome CryD and the Vivid flavoprotein VvdA, were not involved in fusarin regulation. In most cases, there was a correspondence between fusarin production and fus1 mRNA, indicating that regulation is mainly exerted at the transcriptional level. We conclude that fusarin synthesis is subject to a complex control involving regulators from different signaling pathways.
Measuring the Convergence and Divergence in Urban Street Perception among Residents and Tourists through Deep Learning: A Case Study of Macau
Authors: Shi Jiacheng , Yan Yu , Li Mingxuan , Zhou Long
Published: March 2024

In today’s context of flourishing tourism, the development of urban tourism leads to a continuous influx of population. Existing empirical evidence highlights the interaction between tourists’ and residents’ perception of urban spaces and the local society and living spaces. This study, focusing on Macau, utilizes the region’s streetscape images to construct a deep learning-based model for quantifying the urban street perception of tourists and local residents. To obtain more refined perceptual evaluation data results, during the training phase of the model, we intentionally categorized tourist activities into natural landscape tours, historical sightseeing, and entertainment area visits, based on the characteristics of the study area. This approach aimed to develop a more refined perception evaluation method based on the classification of urban functional areas and the types of urban users. Further, to improve the streetscape environment and reduce visitor and resident dissatisfaction, we delved into the differences in perception between tourists and residents in various functional urban areas and their relationships with different streetscape elements. This study provides a foundational research framework for a comprehensive understanding of residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of diverse urban street spaces, emphasizing the importance of exploring the differentiated perceptions of streetscapes held by tourists and residents in guiding scientific urban tourism development policies and promoting social sustainability in cities, particularly those where tourism plays a significant role.
Identifying the Optimal Area Threshold of Mapping Units for Cultural Ecosystem Services in a River Basin
Authors: Li Ye , Huang Junda , Wang Yuncai
Published: March 2024

Mapping cultural ecosystem services (CES) in river basins is crucial for spatially identifying areas that merit conservation due to their significant CES contributions. However, precise quantification of the appropriate area of mapping units, which is the basis for CES assessment, is rare in existing studies. In this study, the optimal area threshold of mapping units (OATMU) identification, consisting of a multi-dimensional indicator framework and a methodology for validation, was established to clarify the boundary and the appropriate area of the mapping units for CES. The multi-dimensional indicator framework included geo-hydrological indicator (GI), economic indicator (EI) and social management indicator (SMI). The OATMU for each indicator was determined by seeking the inflection point in the second-order derivative of the power function. The minimum value of the OATMU for each indicator was obtained as the OATMU for CES. Finally, the OATMU for CES was validated by comparing it with the area of administrative villages in the river basin. The results showed the OATMU for CES was 3.60 km2. This study adopted OATMU identification, with easy access to basic data and simplified calculation methods, to provide clear and generic technical support for optimizing CES mapping.
Semaphorin 3A Increases in the Plasma of Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Who Respond Better to Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
Authors: Palese Michela , Ferretti Gabriella , Perruolo Giuseppe , Serafini Sara , Sirabella Rossana , Marrone Vincenzo , De Rosa Martina , Sarno Laura , Strina Ida , Matrone Carmela , Guida Maurizio
Published: March 2024

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) plays a crucial role in the development, differentiation, and plasticity of specific types of neurons that secrete Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and regulates the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in humans and mice. Its insufficient expression has been linked to reproductive disorders in humans, which are characterized by reduced or failed sexual competence. Various mutations, polymorphisms, and alternatively spliced variants of SEMA3A have been associated with infertility. One of the common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age is diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), characterized by a reduced ovarian follicular pool. Despite its clinical significance, there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria or therapeutic interventions for DOR. In this study, we analyzed the SEMA3A plasma levels in 77 women and investigated their potential role in influencing fertility in patients with DOR. The results revealed that the SEMA3A levels were significantly higher in patients with DOR than in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the SEMA3A levels were increased in patients who underwent fertility treatment and had positive Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (βHCG) values (β+) after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) compared to those who had negative βHCG values (β−). These findings may serve as the basis for future investigations into the diagnosis of infertility and emphasize new possibilities for the SEMA3A-related treatment of sexual hormonal dysfunction that leads to infertility.
Doping Effects on the Multiferroic Properties of KNbO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Apostolov A. T. , Apostolova I. N. , Wesselinowa J. M.
Published: March 2024

The magnetization, polarization, and band-gap energy in pure and ion-doped KNbO3 (KNO) bulk and nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated theoretically using a microscopic model and Green’s function theory. It is shown that KNO NPs are multiferroic. The size dependence of M and P is studied. The magnetization M increases with decreasing NP size, whereas the polarization P decreases slightly. The properties of KNO can be tuned by ion doping, for example, through the substitution of transition metal ions at the Nb site or Na ions at the K site. By ion doping, depending on the relation between the doping and host ion radii, different strains appear. They lead to changes in the exchange interaction constants, which are inversely proportional to the lattice parameters. So, we studied the macroscopic properties on a microscopic level. By doping with transition metal ions (Co, Mn, Cr) at the Nb site, M increases, whereas P decreases. Doped KNO NPs exhibit the same behavior as doped bulk KNO, but the values of the magnetization and polarization in KNO NPs are somewhat enhanced or reduced due to the size effects compared to the doped bulk KNO. In order to increase P, we substituted the K ions with Na ions. The polarization increases with increasing magnetic field, which is evidence of the multiferroic behavior of doped KNO bulk and NPs. The behavior of the band-gap energy Eg also depends on the dopants. Eg decreases with increasing Co, Mn, and Cr ion doping, whereas it increases with Zn doping. The results are compared with existing experimental data, showing good qualitative agreement.
The Critical Role of Networks to Describe Disease Spreading Dynamics in Social Systems: A Perspective
Authors: Bellingeri Michele , Bevacqua Daniele , Scotognella Francesco , Cassi Davide
Published: March 2024

This review underscores the critical significance of incorporating networks science in epidemiology. Classic mathematical compartmental models (CMs) employed to describe epidemic spreading may fail to capture the intricacies of real disease dynamics. Rooted in the mean-field assumption, CMs oversimplify by assuming that every individual has the potential to “infect” any other, neglecting the inherent complexity of underlying network structures. Since social interactions follow a networked pattern with specific links between individuals based on social behaviors, joining classic CMs and network science in epidemiology becomes essential for a more authentic portrayal of epidemic spreading. This review delves into noteworthy research studies that, from various perspectives, elucidate how the synergy between networks and CMs can enhance the accuracy of epidemic descriptions. In conclusion, we explore research prospects aimed at further elevating the integration of networks within the realm of epidemiology, recognizing its pivotal role in refining our understanding of disease dynamics.
Effects of Switching from Degludec to Glargine U300 in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sawamura Toshitaka , Karashima Shigehiro , Ohbatake Azusa , Higashitani Takuya , Ohmori Ai , Sawada Kei , Yamamoto Rika , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Katsuda Yuko , Yoneda Takashi
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Degludec (Deg) and glargine U300 (Gla-300) are insulin analogs with longer and smoother pharmacodynamic action than glargine U100 (Gla-100), a long-acting insulin that has been widely used for many years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Both improve glycemic variability (GV) and the frequency of hypoglycemia, unlike Gla-100. However, it is unclear which insulin analog affects GV and hypoglycemia better in patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of switching from Deg to Gla-300 on the day-to-day GV and the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg-containing basal-bolus insulin therapy (BBT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 24 patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes whose treatment was switched from Deg-containing BBT to Gla-300-containing BBT. We evaluated the day-to-day GV measured as the standard deviation of fasting blood glucose levels (SD-FBG) calculated by the self-monitoring of blood glucose records, the frequency of hypoglycemia (total, severe, and nocturnal), and blood glucose levels measured as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: The characteristics of the patients included in the analysis with high SD-FBG had frequent hypoglycemic events, despite the use of Deg-containing BBT. For this population, SD-FBG and the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia decreased after the switch from Deg to Gla-300. Despite the decrease in the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia, the FPG and HbA1c did not worsen by the switch. The change in the SD-FBG had a negative correlation with the SD-FBG at baseline and a positive correlation with serum albumin levels. Conclusions: Switching from Deg to Gla-300 improved the SD-FBG and decreased the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg-containing BBT, especially in cases with low serum albumin levels and a high GV.
Regeneration of Rabbit Calvarial Defects with Combination of Stem Cells and Enamel Matrix Derivative: A Microcomputed Tomography and Histological Evaluation Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Constructs
Authors: Na Kyung-Hwan , Lee Hyun-Jin , Lee Ji-Eun , Park Jun-Beom
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: This study addresses the challenge of bone regeneration in calvarial defects, exploring the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in tissue engineering. It assesses the regenerative potential of two- and three-dimensional cell constructs combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EMD in rabbit calvarial defects. Materials and Methods: This research involved the use of bone-marrow-derived MSCs cultured in silicon elastomer-based concave microwells to form spheroids. White rabbits were grouped for different treatments, with Group 1 as control, Group 2 receiving only EMD, Group 3 getting EMD plus stem cells, and Group 4 being treated with EMD plus stem cell spheroids. Computed tomography (CT) and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging were used for structural assessment, while histological evaluations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and Picro-sirius red staining. Results: CT and micro-CT analyses revealed varying degrees of bone regeneration among the groups. Group 4, treated with three-dimensional MSC spheroids and EMD, showed the most significant improvement in bone regeneration. Histological analyses corroborated these findings, with Group 4 displaying enhanced bone formation and better collagen fiber organization. Conclusions: The study supported the biocompatibility and potential efficacy of three-dimensional MSC constructs combined with EMD in bone regeneration. Further investigations are needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
Idealized Simulations of a Supercell Interacting with an Urban Area
Authors: Naylor Jason , Berry Megan E. , Gosney Emily G.
Published: March 2024

Idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving model are conducted to examine the impact of a simplified city on the structure of a supercell thunderstorm. The simplified city is created by enhancing the surface roughness length and/or surface temperature relative to the surroundings. When the simplified city is both warmer and has larger surface roughness relative to its surroundings, the supercell that passes over it has a larger updraft helicity (at both midlevels and the surface) and enhanced precipitation and hail downwind of the city, all relative to the control simulation. The storm environment within the city has larger convective available potential energy which helps stimulate stronger low-level updrafts. Storm relative helicity (SRH) is actually reduced over the city, but enhanced in a narrow band on the northern edge of the city. This band of larger SRH is ingested by the primary updraft just prior to passing over the city, corresponding with enhancement to the near-surface mesocyclone. Additional simulations in which the simplified city is altered by removing either the heat island or surface roughness length gradient reveal that the presence of a heat island is most closely associated with enhancements in updraft helicity and low-level updrafts relative to the control simulation.
Hybrid Green Materials Obtained by PCL Melt Blending with Diatomaceous Earth
Authors: Carotenuto Maria Rosalia , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Chinnici Ileana , Lazzara Giuseppe , Milioto Stefana
Published: March 2024

In this work, diatomaceous earth (Diat) was explored as filler for polycaprolactone (PCL) to obtain composite green materials with promising viscoelastic and thermal properties. The composites were prepared by blending variable Diat amounts (5, 15 and 50 wt%) with a molten PCL matrix. The viscoelastic characteristics of PCL/Diat hybrids were studied by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) under an oscillatory regime, while the thermal properties were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). We detected that the presence of Diat enhances the energy storage capacity of PCL for temperatures lower than the polymer melting point. Both DMA and DSC data revealed that the PCL melting temperature is slightly affected by the Diat addition, while the TGA results showed that the thermal stability of the polymer can be significantly improved by mixing PCL with diatomaceous earth. Moreover, we observed that the dispersion of Diat into the matrix favors the crystallization process of PCL. Interestingly, the improvements of PCL properties (elasticity, thermal stability, and crystallinity) are proportional to the Diat concentration of the composites. These findings reflect the interfacial compatibility between PCL and diatomaceous earth. In conclusion, this study highlights that the preparation of PCL/Diat hybrids by melt blending is suitable for the development of composite materials for technological applications, including the remediation of air pollutants within museum environments.
Unpredictable Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils in Cinnamomum burmanni (Lauraceae) Living Collections: Beyond Maternally Inherited Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Xie Peiwu , Yang Qiyi , Chen Jielian , Tu Tieyao , Lian Huiming , He Boxiang , Cai Yanling
Published: March 2024

The genus Cinnamomum encompasses diverse species with various applications, particularly in traditional medicine and spice production. This study focuses on Cinnamomum burmanni, specifically on a high-D-borneol-content chemotype, known as the Meipian Tree, in Guangdong Province, South China. This research explores essential oil diversity, chemotypes, and chloroplast genomic diversity among 28 C. burmanni samples collected from botanical gardens. Essential oils were analyzed, and chemotypes classified using GC-MS and statistical methods. Plastome assembly and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to reveal genetic relationships. Results showed distinct chemotypes, including eucalyptol and borneol types, with notable variations in essential oil composition. The chloroplast genome exhibited conserved features, with phylogenetic analysis revealing three major clades. Borneol-rich individuals in clade II suggested a potential maternal inheritance pattern. However, phylogenetic signals revealed that the composition of essential oils is weakly correlated with plastome phylogeny. The study underscores the importance of botanical gardens in preserving genetic and chemical diversity, offering insights for sustainable resource utilization and selective breeding of high-yield mother plants of C. burmanni.
Age-Related Differences in Physical Fitness and Performance of an “Ability Test” among Firefighters
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos
Published: March 2024

This study’s primary objective was to examine the differences in body composition, abdominal strength, absolute and relative power, handgrip strength, one repetition maximum for squat and bench press, and the maximum count of push-up and sit-up repetitions executed within a minute across different age cohorts of firefighters. Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate the age-related differences in firefighters’ completion times of six firefighting tasks. Eighty-four male volunteer firefighters (age 33.79 ± 6.97 years) were grouped into three age categories, 20–30 years, 31–40 years, and 41–50 years, and underwent the aforementioned evaluations. One-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that age exerts a statistically significant influence (p < 0.001) on body fat percentage, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Furthermore, age significantly affected the overall time of the ability test (p < 0.001) and the duration required to accomplish each individual task (p < 0.001). Additionally, age significantly affected abdominal strength, relative power (as measured by the step test), and the maximum count of push-up and sit-up repetitions performed within a minute. These outcomes support earlier research indicating an age-associated decrement in physical fitness parameters among firefighters. It is recommended that firefighters prioritize maintaining strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles, upper body muscular endurance, and a healthy body weight. The emphasis on specific muscular groups is essential for improving task performance within this profession.
Data Center Four-Channel Multimode Interference Multiplexer Using Silicon Nitride Technology
Authors: Isakov Ophir , Frishman Aviv , Malka Dror
Published: March 2024

The operation of a four-channel multiplexer, utilizing multimode interference (MMI) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, can be designed through the cascading of MMI couplers or by employing angled MMI couplers. However, conventional designs often occupy a larger footprint, spanning a few millimeters, thereby escalating the energy power requirements for the photonic chip. In response to this challenge, we propose an innovative design for a four-channel silicon nitride (Si3N4) MMI coupler with a compact footprint. This design utilizes only a single MMI coupler unit, operating within the O-band spectrum. The resulting multiplexer device can efficiently transmit four channels with a wavelength spacing of 20 nm, covering the O-band spectrum from 1270 to 1330 nm, after a short light propagation of 22.8 µm. Notably, the multiplexer achieves a power efficiency of 70% from the total input energy derived from the four O-band signals. Power losses range from 1.24 to 1.67 dB, and the MMI coupler length and width exhibit a favorable tolerance range. Leveraging Si3N4 material and waveguide inputs and output tapers minimizes light reflection from the MMI coupler at the input channels. Consequently, this Si3N4-based MMI multiplexer proves suitable for deployment in O-band transceiver data centers employing WDM methodology. Its implementation offers the potential for higher data bitrates while maintaining an exemplary energy consumption profile for the chip footprint.
Interprofessional Paediatric High-Fidelity Simulation Training: A Mixed Methods Study of Experiences and Readiness among Nursing and Medical Students
Authors: Beichler Helmut , Grandy Simone , Neumaier Silke , Lilgenau Anneliese , Schwarz Hannah , Wagner Michael
Published: March 2024

Background: Training in communication skills between nursing and medical students during interprofessional paediatric emergency simulation training represents a significant aspect of safe patient care. Evidence highlights that poor communication in paediatric emergency scenarios jeopardises patient safety. Through realistic simulations, students practice the communication strategies of crisis resource management (CRM), such as “closed-loop communication”, “speaking up”, and “team time-out”. Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of interprofessional simulation on enhancing teamwork and communication skills. Additionally, we sought to assess the occurrence of contexts for the three CRM communication strategies during simulations. Methods: Employing a mixed methods research design, the analysed students completed pre- and post-simulation online questionnaires. To measure attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration, we used the German version of the University of West England Interprofessional Questionnaire (UWE-IP_german), and to measure interprofessional attitudes, we used the Greifswald Questionnaire for the Measurement of Interprofessional Attitudes (Greif Mie), also in German, for both pre- and post-simulation. For qualitative video analysis, we utilised Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM). Results: Following simulation training, we observed a significant improvement (p > 0.001) in the subscale “attitude towards interprofessional learning” of the UWE-IP_german among nursing and medical students. Medical students consistently exhibited a significantly (p < 0.001) more positive attitude towards other professionals in both the pre- and post-simulation assessments. Overall, all the students expressed satisfaction with the interprofessional simulation training. In the qualitative selective coding process, the central phenomenon “participation” could be identified in the coding paradigm. Conclusion: This study presents substantial evidence of the learning impact of interprofessional paediatric simulation training on nursing and medical students.
Experimental Study of Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
Authors: Patsyuk Maria , Atovullaev Timur , Johansson Goran , Klimanskiy Dmitriy , Lenivenko Vasilisa , Nepochatykh Sergey , Piasetzky Eli
Published: March 2024

The fundamental theory of nuclear interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), operates in terms of quarks and gluons at higher resolution. At low resolution the relevant degrees of freedom are nucleons. Two-nucleon Short-Range Correlations (SRC) help to interconnect these two descriptions. SRCs are temporary fluctuations of strongly interacting close pairs of nucleons. The distance between the two nucleons is comparable to their radii and their relative momenta are larger than the fermi sea level. According to the electron scattering experiments held in the last decade, SRCs have far-reaching impacts on many-body systems, the nucleon-nucleon interactions, and nuclear substructure. The modern experiments with ion beams and cryogenic liquid hydrogen target make it possible to study properties of the nuclear fragments after quasi-elastic knockout of a single nucleon or an SRC pair. Here we review the status and perspectives of the SRC program in so-called inverse kinematics at JINR (Dubna, Russia). The first SRC experiment at the BM@N spectrometer (2018) with 4 GeV/c/nucleon carbon beam has shown that detection of an intact 11B nucleus after interaction selects out the quasi-elastic knockout reaction with minimal contribution of initial- and final-state interactions. Also, 25 events of SRC-breakups showed agreement in SRC properties as known from electron beam experiments. The analysis of the second measurement of SRC at BM@N held in 2022 with an improved setup is currently ongoing. The SRC project at JINR moved to a new experimental area in 2023, where the next measurement is being planned in terms of experimental setup and physics goals.
Kierkegaard’s Theories of the Stages of Existence and Subjective Truth as a Model for Further Research into the Phenomenology of Religious Attitudes
Authors: Słowikowski Andrzej
Published: March 2024

There are many religions in the human world, and people manifest their religiousness in many different ways. The main problem this paper addresses concerns the possibility of sorting out this complex world of human religiousness by showing that it can be phenomenologically reduced to a few very basic existential attitudes. These attitudes express the main types of ways in which a human being relates to his or herself and the world, independently of the worldview or religion professed by the individual. I use Kierkegaard’s theories of the stages of existence and subjective truth as a model. The theory of the stages of existence provides five basic existential attitudes on the basis of which religious attitudes can develop: spiritlessness, the aesthetic, the ethical, religiousness A, and religiousness B. The theory of subjective truth shows how the concept of truth functions in an ethical and existential sense as the personal truth of an individual engaged in building their religious identity. In turn, I discuss the problem of the relation of Kierkegaard’s philosophy to phenomenology, briefly introduce his concept of subjective truth and the stages of existence, and show how existential attitudes can be transformed into religious ones. I also consider the problem of the demonic as the inverted order of this anthropological and existential model. Finally, I argue that the model developed herein may be useful for further research into the phenomenology of religious attitudes.
Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection—A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects
Authors: Pereira Verónica , Figueira Onofre , Castilho Paula C.
Published: March 2024

Pesticide overuse in agricultural systems has resulted in the development of pest resistance, the impoverishment of soil microbiota, water pollution, and several human health issues. Nonetheless, farmers still depend heavily on these agrochemicals for economically viable production, given the high frequency at which crops are affected by pests. Phytopathogenic insects are considered the most destructive pests on crops. Botanical pesticides have gained attention as potential biopesticides and complements to traditional pesticides, owing to their biodegradability and low toxicity. Plant-based extracts are abundant in a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, a class of polyphenols that have been extensively studied for this purpose because of their involvement in plant defense responses. The present review offers a comprehensive review of current research on the potential of flavonoids as insecticides for crop protection, addressing the modes and possible mechanisms of action underlying their bioactivity. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed. It also addresses challenges associated with their application in pest and disease management and suggests alternatives to overcome these issues.
Polymer Composites with Carbon Fillers Based on Coal Pitch and Petroleum Pitch Cokes: Structure, Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mamunya Yevgen , Misiura Andrii , Godzierz Marcin , Pusz Sławomira , Szeluga Urszula , Olszowska Karolina , Wróbel Paweł S. , Hercog Anna , Kobyliukh Anastasiia , Pylypenko Andrii
Published: March 2024

The effect of particle size and oxidation degree of new carbon microfillers, based on coal pitch (CP) and petroleum pitch (PET) cokes, on the structure as well as thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composites based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was investigated. The composites studied have a segregated structure of filler particle distribution in the UHMWPE matrix. It was found that composite with smaller CP grain fraction has the highest Young’s modulus and electrical conductivity compared to the other composites studied, which can be the result of a large contribution of flake-shaped particles. Additionally, conductivity of this composite turned out to be similar to composites with well-known carbon nanofillers, such as graphene, carbon black, and CNTs. Additionally, the relationship between electrical conductivity and Young’s modulus values of composites studied was revealed, which indicates that electrical conductivity is very sensitive to the structure of the filler phase in the polymer matrix. In general, it was established that the properties, especially the electrical conductivity, of the composites studied strongly depends on the size, shape, and oxidative treatment of CP and PET filler particles, and that the CP coke of appropriately small particle sizes and flake shape has significant potential as a conductive filler for polymer composites.
A Fast and Efficient Approach to Strength Prediction for Carbon/Epoxy Composites with Resin-Missing Defects
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Li Feng , Zhu Lingxue
Published: March 2024

A novel method is proposed to quickly predict the tensile strength of carbon/epoxy composites with resin-missing defects. The univariate Chebyshev prediction model (UCPM) was developed using the dimension reduction method and Chebyshev polynomials. To enhance the computational efficiency and reduce the manual modeling workload, a parameterization script for the finite element model was established using Python during the model construction process. To validate the model, specimens with different defect sizes were prepared using the vacuum assistant resin infusion (VARI) process, the mechanical properties of the specimens were tested, and the model predictions were analyzed in comparison with the experimental results. Additionally, the impact of the order (second–ninth) on the predictive accuracy of the UCPM was examined, and the performance of the model was evaluated using statistical errors. The results demonstrate that the prediction model has a high prediction accuracy, with a maximum prediction error of 5.20% compared to the experimental results. A low order resulted in underfitting, while increasing the order can improve the prediction accuracy of the UCPM. However, if the order is too high, overfitting may occur, leading to a decrease in the prediction accuracy.
Sol-Gel Derived Gelatin–Bioactive Glass Nanocomposite Biomaterials Incorporating Calcium Chloride and Calcium Ethoxide
Authors: Arambula-Maldonado Rebeca , Mequanint Kibret
Published: March 2024

Calcium-containing organic–inorganic nanocomposites play an essential role in developing bioactive bone biomaterials. Ideally, bone substitute materials should mimic the organic–inorganic composition of bone. In this study, the roles of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium ethoxide (Ca(OEt)2) were evaluated for the development of sol-gel-derived organic–inorganic biomaterials composed of gelatin, bioactive glass (BG) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to create nanocomposites that mimic the elemental composition of bone. Nanocomposites composed of either CaCl2 or Ca(OEt)2 were chemically different but presented uniform elemental distribution. The role of calcium sources in the matrix of the nanocomposites played a major role in the swelling and degradation properties of biomaterials as a function of time, as well as the resulting porous properties of the nanocomposites. Regardless of the calcium source type, biomineralization in simulated body fluid and favorable cell attachment were promoted on the nanocomposites. 10T1/2 cell viability studies using standard media (DMEM with 5% FBS) and conditioned media showed that Ca(OEt)2-based nanocomposites seemed more favorable biomaterials. Collectively, our study demonstrated that CaCl2 and Ca(OEt)2 could be used to prepare sol-gel-derived gelatin–BG–MWCNT nanocomposites, which have the potential to function as bone biomaterials.
Effects of Thermal Damage on Impact Response Characteristics of High-Energy Propellants
Authors: Guo Fengwei , Nie Jianxin , Zhang Suoshuo , Liang Jiahao , Liu Rui , Zou Yu , Han Yong
Published: March 2024

Thermal damage due to microstructure changes will occur in propellants under thermal stimulation. It can significantly affect the sensitization, combustion, and other properties of the propellant, which, in turn, affects the impact safety of the solid propellant rocket engine. A new component which uniformly heats the sample was designed to conduct the Lagrange test and EFP impact test at different temperatures. The thermal decomposition and damage characteristics of the propellant during the heating process were quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, the effects of ambient temperature on impact initiation and detonation growth of the high-energy propellant were elucidated at a mesoscopic level. The results showed that the porosity of the specimen increased by 0.89% under the thermomechanical mechanism, which was mainly characterized by interfacial de-bonding between the AP and the binder. The increase in thermal damage changed the hot spot reaction rate and significantly affected the growth process of propellant impact initiation. A method was proposed to systematically calibrate the reaction rate model for the propellant at different temperatures. The theoretical model parameters of the high-energy propellant at two typical temperatures were calibrated in this way. The critical shell thicknesses computed using LS-DYNA, which, for 20 and 70 °C, were obtained as 15 and 20 mm, respectively.
Solubility of Methane in Ionic Liquids for Gas Removal Processes Using a Single Multilayer Perceptron Model
Authors: Faúndez Claudio A. , Fierro Elías N. , Muñoz Ariana S.
Published: March 2024

In this work, four hundred and forty experimental solubility data points of 14 systems composed of methane and ionic liquids are considered to train a multilayer perceptron model. The main objective is to propose a simple procedure for the prediction of methane solubility in ionic liquids. Eight machine learning algorithms are tested to determine the appropriate model, and architectures composed of one input layer, two hidden layers, and one output layer are analyzed. The input variables of an artificial neural network are the experimental temperature (T) and pressure (P), the critical properties of temperature (Tc) and pressure (Pc), and the acentric (ω) and compressibility (Zc) factors. The findings show that a (4,4,4,1) architecture with the combination of T-P-Tc-Pc variables results in a simple 45-parameter model with an absolute prediction deviation of less than 12%.
Visual Exegesis of Herodias and Salome from Feminist Rhetorical Criticism: The Construction of a Myth
Authors: Expósito de Vicente Cristina
Published: March 2024

The biblical account of Salome has been marked throughout history by two main themes: on the one hand, the princess’s dance in front of the main rulers of Galilee, and on the other hand, the request for the head of John the Baptist to King Herod, instigated by his mother Herodias. The reading of this passage has been strongly marked by the different patriarchal exegetical approaches, which have modulated the reception of both female characters being traceable through the visual and literary arts, to the point of taking on the concept of femme fatale. Really, in both moments Salome is the executor of the actions, not as a result of her capacity for agency, but due to her influenceable character. Through a critical–historical analysis of the biblical passage, Herodias and Salome emerge with characteristics quite different from what 19th-century Art History inherited. The methodology of feminist rhetorical criticism allows for an approach to the visual re-imaginings of this biblical passage that have shaped the iconography of these two figures. The field of visual arts, particularly the production of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, will be the great receptacle for the genesis of the fatality and assimilation of these female biblical figures.
Influence of Geology, Hydrogeology, and Climate on Ground Source Heat Pump Distribution in Slovenia and Selected European Countries
Authors: Adrinek Simona , Janža Mitja , Singh Rao Martand
Published: March 2024

Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is a renewable energy that could contribute to the decarbonatization of the heating and cooling sector. SGE is predominantly harnessed through ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The choice of which type of GSHP system depends on various factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of GSHP systems and fostering their implementation. In this paper, we have analysed the spatial distribution of GSHPs in Slovenia. We identified 1073 groundwater and 1122 ground-coupled heat pump systems with a total heat pump capacity of almost 30 MW. We quantitatively assessed the influence of geological, hydrogeological, and climate conditions on their spatial distribution. Using the χ2 test and information value method, we identified hydrogeological conditions as the most influential factor for the GSHP systems’ spatial distribution. We also performed the spatial analysis of geological and hydrogeological data in 22 European countries, including Slovenia. We collected the reported numbers of installed GSHP units in 2020 and were able to distinguish the shares of groundwater and ground-coupled heat pump systems for 12 of these countries. The analysis showed that ground-coupled heat pumps predominate in most countries, even if the natural conditions are favourable for groundwater heat pumps.
Development of Local Path Planning Using Selective Model Predictive Control, Potential Fields, and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Kim Mingeuk , Lee Minyoung , Kim Byeongjin , Cha Moohyun
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on the real-time obstacle avoidance and safe navigation of autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs). It introduces the Selective MPC-PF-PSO algorithm, which includes model predictive control (MPC), Artificial Potential Fields (APFs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This approach involves defining multiple sets of coefficients for adaptability to the surrounding environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is appropriate for generating obstacle avoidance paths. The algorithm was implemented on the ROS platform using NVIDIA’s Jetson Xavier, and driving experiments were conducted with a steer-type AGV. Through measurements of computation time and real obstacle avoidance experiments, it was shown to be practical in the real world.
Ultrasonography and Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bilateral Ocular Disease in a Heifer
Authors: Tsuka Takeshi , Sunden Yuji , Morita Takehito , Islam Md Shafiqul , Yamato Osamu
Published: March 2024

Bovine ocular diseases are typically characterized by the concurrent appearances of both macroscopic and intraocular abnormalities. This study examines the diagnostic efficacy of a combination of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the bilateral ocular disease observed in a 9-month-old Japanese Black heifer. This case presented with bilateral strabismus and a white-colored lens structure in the right eye. A combination of ultrasonography and MRI revealed formations of corn-like and V-shaped membranous structures within the vitreous cavities of the left and right eyeballs, respectively. In the right eye, a cataract was suspected on both ultrasonogram and MRI. This case involved bilateral retinal detachments and strabismus similar to the signs of an autosomal recessive hereditary ocular disease; however, the cataract in the right eye differed from that hereditary disease. Finally, in genetic analysis, a known mutation of the WFDC1 gene was not detected. Ultrasonography is superior to MRI in demonstrating intraocular pathological changes. On the other hand, MRI is helpful for evaluating invasiveness of the ocular lesions to the peripheral structures. Thus, the combined use of these imaging modalities is recommended for diagnosing various bovine ocular diseases.
Editor’s Introduction: Violence, Victimization and Prevention
Authors: Caridade Sónia Maria Martins , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta
Published: March 2024

Violence is a complex, multifaceted, and multi-determined phenomenon (Dahlberg and Krug 2006) that victimizes the lives of many children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly on a daily basis [...]
Identifying Gender-Specific Risk Factors for Income Poverty across Poverty Levels in Urban Mexico: A Model-Based Boosting Approach
Authors: Torres Munguía Juan
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to identify income-poverty risk factors in urban Mexican households. Special emphasis is paid to examine differences between female- and male-headed families. To this, a dataset with 45 theoretical factors at the individual/household, community, and regional levels, integrating information from nine sources, is created. To these data, additive quantile models are estimated via the boosting algorithm. From a gender standpoint, the following main contributions come from this paper. First, educational lag is particularly relevant for female-headed households. Second, there is a gendered life cycle in the income trajectory for poor households with a head having a medium level of education. Third, some households, traditionally disregarded, are found to be even poorer: those lacking social connectedness, without credit cards, with an extended composition, in which the female head spends a large part of her time on housework, and families headed by young women with a medium level of education. Finally, communities and regions where families have a lower income-to-poverty ratio are characterized as having an unequal income distribution, lower human development, lower levels of women’s economic participation, poor quality of services, and lower gender-based violence levels in the public sphere but higher gender-based violence levels in the family context.