bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three stage maturity model in SME’s toward industry 4.0
Authors: Ganzarain Jaione , Errasti Nekane
Published: December 2016

Purpose: To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building. In this paper we suggest a stage process model to guide and train companies to identify new opportunities for diversification within Industry 4.0. Systematically carrying out the stages will take a company to their individual specific vision and collaborative vision between different companies in the Industry 4.0 scenario.Design/methodology/approach: This new collaborative diversification methodology involves industry within the pilot program; from the diversification and capacity assessment analysis of the company`s profile, skills and technologies that dominates, to identify the diversification opportunity map and its business modeling within the Industry 4.0 paradigm.Findings: The application of maturity models to the Industry 4.0 may help organizations to integrate this methodology into their culture. Results show a real need for guided support in developing a company-specific Industry 4.0 vision and specific project planning.Originality/value: Industry 4.0 promotes a vision where recent developments in information technology are expected to enable entirely new forms of cooperative engineering and manufacturing. The vision of industry 4.0 describes a whole new approach to business operations, and especially the production industries. To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology discussed above, and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a unique process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building.
Leon Trotsky: historiador da Revolução Russa
Authors: Dias Reginaldo Benedito
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a interpretação que Leon Trotsky produziu sobre a Revolução Russa. Abarcando desde o período pré-revolucionário até a fase de liderança de Stalin, as fontes são as obras de Trotsky relacionadas ao tema. Investiga-se a hipótese de que existe uma unidade fundamental na interpretação de Trotsky, assegurada por duas coordenadas. Primeira, o fio condutor da interpretação é a teoria da revolução permanente. Segunda, Outubro de 1917 é o centro de gravidade, na medida em que teria confirmado os pressupostos da teoria da revolução permanente, anunciados em 1905 e traídos pelos acontecimentos do período subsequente
Entre os ataques nobiliárquicos e a coesão do reino: a atuação de María de Molina nas minoridades régias de Fernando IV e Alfonso XI
Authors: Gimenez José Carlos , Zlatic Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, realiza-se uma discussão sobre as atividades políticas de María de Molina (1265-1321), regente do trono castelhano após a morte do esposo e rei Sancho IV, em 1295, durante a minoridade do filho Fernando IV, de 1295 a 1301, assim como no decurso da minoridade do neto Alfonso XI, de 1212 a 1325. Nesses quase vinte e seis anos na condução política do reino, María de Molina constitui-se o principal baluarte da resistência e das negociações dos assuntos do reino diante dos interesses das principiais facções nobiliárias, que aproveitavam períodos de debilidade do poder régio para obter relevância política e dividendos. Não menos importante foi seu desempenho em relação à política externa ao celebrar diversos acordos com outros reinos e com o papado no desígnio de alcançar apoio para sequência da sua linhagem ao comando da coroa castelhana.
“Para a conversão das almas”: conquista espiritual, governo civil e defesa dos nativos nas Filipinas. A época missionária, 1565-1581
Authors: Rocha Carlos Guilherme
Published: December 2016

Este artigo analisa a atuação dos missionários agostinianos e franciscanos descalços na primeira fase da colonização espanhola das ilhas Filipinas. Através de correspondências e relatos dos freis e autoridades civis atuantes nas ilhas, são destacados os modelos de ‘bom governo’ projetados pelos religiosos, bem como os mecanismos pelos quais os eclesiásticos influenciaram ou tentaram influenciar o processo de conquista do arquipélago asiático, especialmente no que toca à incorporação dos nativos e à prática da encomienda
Estratos do Tempo
Authors: Reisdorfer Thiago
Published: December 2016

KOSELLECK, Reinhart. Estratos do tempo. Estudos sobre História. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 2014
Novel Resolvin D2 Receptor Axis in Infectious Inflammation
Authors: Chiang Nan , de la Rosa Xavier , Libreros Stephania , Serhan Charles N.
Published: December 2016

Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators, including resolvin (Rv)D2, that activates a cell surface G protein–coupled receptor, GPR18/DRV2. In this study, we investigated RvD2-DRV2–dependent resolution mechanisms using DRV2-deficient mice (DRV2-knockout [KO]). In polymicrobial sepsis initiated by cecal ligation and puncture, RvD2 (∼2.7 nmol/mouse) significantly increased survival (>50%) of wild-type mice and reduced hypothermia and bacterial titers compared with vehicle-treated cecal ligation and puncture mice that succumbed at 48 h. Protection by RvD2 was abolished in DRV2-KO mice. Mass spectrometry–based lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that DRV2-KO infectious exudates gave higher proinflammatory leukotriene B4 and procoagulating thromboxane B2, as well as lower specialized proresolving mediators, including RvD1 and RvD3, compared with wild-type. RvD2-DRV2–initiated intracellular signals were investigated using mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight), which demonstrated that RvD2 enhanced phosphorylation of CREB, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in WT but not DRV2-KO macrophages. Monitored by real-time imaging, RvD2–DRV2 interaction significantly enhanced phagocytosis of live Escherichia coli, an action dependent on protein kinase A and STAT3 in macrophages. Taken together, we identified an RvD2/DRV2 axis that activates intracellular signaling pathways that increase phagocytosis-mediated bacterial clearance, survival, and organ protection. Moreover, these results provide evidence for RvD2-DRV2 and their downstream pathways in pathophysiology of infectious inflammation.
SYSTEMIC FRONT LINE THERAPY OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA: WHEN, TO WHOM AND HOW
Authors: Pavanello Francesca , Steffanoni Sara , Ghielmini Michele , Zucca Emanuele
Published: December 2016

The natural history of follicular lymphoma is usually characterized by an indolent course with a high response rate to the first line therapy followed by recurrent relapses, with a time to next treatment becoming shorter after each subsequent treatment line. More than 80% of patients have advanced stage disease at diagnosis. The time of initiation and the nature of the treatment is mainly conditioned by symptoms, tumor burden, lymphoma grading, co-morbidities and patients preference. A number of clinical and biological factors have been determined to be prognostic in this disease, but the majority of them could not show to be predictive of response to treatment, and therefore can’t be used to guide the treatment choice. CD20 expression is the only predictive factor recognized in the treatment of FL and justifies the use of “naked” or “conjugated” anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies as single agent or in combination with chemo- or targeted therapy. Nevertheless, as this marker is almost universally found in FL, it has little role for the choice of treatment. The outcome of patients with FL improved significantly in the last years, mainly due to the widespread use of rituximab, autologous and allogeneic transplantation in young and fit relapsed patients, the introduction of new drugs and the improvement in diagnostic accuracy and management of side effects. Agents as new monoclonal antibodies, immuno-modulating drugs and target therapy have recently been developed and approved for the relapsed setting, while studies to evaluate their role in first line treatment are still ongoing. Here we report our considerations on first line treatment approach and on the potential factors which could help in the choice of therapy.
A study to confirm the reliability and construct validity of an organisational citizenship behaviour measure on a South African sample
Authors: Mahembe Bright , Engelbrecht Amos S. , Chinyamurindi Willie , Kandekande Linda R.
Published: December 2016

Orientation: Organisational citizenship behaviour, or extra-role behaviours, are essential outcomes for the health functioning of organisations.Research purpose: The primary goal of the study was to validate the Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale (OCBS) developed by Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Moorman and Fetter (1990) on a South African sample. Motivation for the study: Organisational citizenship behaviour is one of the important workplace outcomes. A psychometrically sound instrument is therefore required. Research design, approach and method: The sample consisted of 503 employees from the educational sector in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. The OCBS was used to measure organisational citizenship behaviour.Main findings: High levels of reliability were found for the OCBS sub-scales. The first and second-order measurement models of the OCBS showed good fit. A competing one-factor model did not show good model fit. In terms of discriminant validity four of the five subdimensions correlated highly.Practical/managerial implications: Although the OCBS demonstrated some sound reliability coefficients and reasonable construct validity, the discriminant validity of four of the subscales raise some questions which future studies should confirm. The use of the instrument should help to continue to measure the much-needed extra-role behaviours that mirror an employee’s interest in the success of the organisation. Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the requirements of the Employment Equity Act (No. 55 of 1998) and the Amended Employment Equity Act of South Africa (Republic of South Africa, 1998; 2014). This promotes the use of reliable and valid instruments in South Africa by confirming the psychometric properties of the OCBS.
Detection ofin situand invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma on ThinPrep Pap Test: Morphologic analysis of false negative cases
Authors: Chaump Michael , Pirog Edyta C. , Panico Vinicius J. A. , d Meritens Alexandre Buckley , Holcomb Kevin , Hoda Rana
Published: December 2016

Background:

The goal of this study was to calculate the sensitivity and false negative (FN) rate of ThinPrep Pap Test (TPPT) and carefully analyze missed cases for educational purposes.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with histologically proven adenocarcinomain-situ(AIS) or invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) over a 17-year-period (1998-2015) were identified. The TPPT immediately preceding the histological diagnosis of AIS/ECA was designated as index Pap (IP). Paps up to 122 months before histologic diagnosis of AIS/ECA were considered for this study. All available negative and unsatisfactory TPPT were re-reviewed.

Results:

There were 78 patients with histologically-proven AIS (56) or ECA (22) with 184 TPPTs, and 95 of these TPPTs were abnormal. Of the abnormal cases, 55.7% TPPTs were diagnosed as endocervical cell abnormality (atypical endocervical cells/AIS/ECA). Notably, 44.2% of abnormal TPPTs were diagnosed as squamous cell abnormality (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). Including the diagnoses of squamous cell abnormality, the sensitivity of index TPPT for histologically-confirmed AIS/ECA was 88%. Eighty-eight of 184 TPPT, including 10 IP, were negative = 87, or unsatisfactory = 1. Forty-two of these slides were available for re-review. Upon review, 21 TPPT (50%) were confirmed negative and 21 TPPT (50%) were reclassified as abnormal = 20, or unsatisfactory = 1. Of the FN cases, the main difficulty in correct diagnosis was the presence of few diagnostic cell clusters which had less feathering, and consisted of smaller, rounder cells in small and tighter clusters, with nuclear overlap. In particular, nuclear overlap in three-dimensional groups precluded the accurate diagnosis. Rare FN cases showed squamous cell abnormality on re-review, and rare cases showed obscuring blood or inflammation.

Conclusion:

A significant proportion of AIS/EAC is discovered after Pap showing squamous cell abnormality. FN cases were most commonly related to nuclear overlap in tight three-dimensional clusters.
Basalt fibers: the green material of the XXI-century, for a sustainable restoration of historical buildings
Authors: Di Ruocco Giacomo
Published: December 2016

In recent decades in the construction industry, the need to experience consolidation techniques with non-corroding materials is being developed. Studies and tests have been led about integration of basalt fibers in concrete structures: they have shown improvements both in terms of mechanical strength and in terms of intervention of consolidation durability (Ólafsson, Thorhallsson, 2009). The basalt rock can be used to produce not only basalt bars, but also fabrics, paddings, continuous filaments and basalt network. Some applications of these basalt-composites materials concern the consolidation of civil construction structures, thermal and acoustic insulation, security clothing, etc. Some years ago the Italian company ENEA (National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) has signed an agreement with HG GBF (one of the world's leading companies in the production of basalt fibers), for the verification of possible applications of this material in the construction field but also in the nautical and automotive ones. The use of basalt fiber in construction could present a series of advantages: natural origin, a cycle of production to lower energy impact compared to other fibers, a high chemical inertia and thus a high degree of durability, low thermal conductivity, good mechanical and thermo-acoustic properties, high fire resistance, a competitive cost and, in general, more environmental compatibility and sustainability than other synthetic fibers.
Estresse: fatores e o grau de influência decorrente do atendimento ao público - Estudo de caso em um Centro Clínico
Authors: Pacheco Veruska Albuquerque , Rosa Ana Cláudia Alves
Published: December 2016

O objetivo principal deste artigo é identificar os fatores decorrentes do atendimento ao público que influenciam o grau de estresse dos colaboradores do Centro Clínico e Ecográfico de Sobradinho. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o exploratório e foram empregados como procedimentos de coleta de dados uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo; por meio de um questionário como instrumento de pesquisa. O material para esta pesquisa é fundamentado em conceitos de gestão de recursos humanos e atendimento ao público. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa observou-se a importância do estudo e administração do estresse e do atendimento ao cliente. O instrumento de pesquisa proporcionou atingir o objetivo geral e os específicos. O atendimento ao público/ a linha de frente da empresa causa um grau de estresse alto nos funcionários entrevistados. Mas não se utiliza de grandes e necessárias formas para reduzir o estresse. Sendo assim, um ponto que deve ser mais bem administrado na empresa.
Fatores que influenciam a imagem da marca: Um estudo de mensuração aplicado à marca Harley-Davidson
Authors: Mariano Ari Melo , Rocha Silva Kamila Ferreira , Santos Maíra Rocha
Published: December 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o grau de influência dos fatores antecedentes à imagem da marca. Como base teórica foram abordados alguns conceitos de vantagem competitiva, marketing, conceitos delimitadores da marca, valoração da marca e metrificação explorando os indicadores da marca. A pesquisa de caráter descritivo foi uma adaptação do modelo em espanhol de Ramos (2002). Foi realizado um questionário a 381 estudantes de uma instituição de ensino de nível superior sobre a imagem da marca e seus antecedentes aplicados a Harley-Davidson. O instrumento e modelo foram validados para língua portuguesa com coeficiente de confiabilidade fc = 0,85. Os resultados neste estudo sugerem que o fator de maior influencia sobre a imagem da marca é o compromisso que o consumidor (16%) seguido da confiança (11,5%) e da percepção da marca (10%). Sendo assim, quanto mais significativas forem às três dimensões melhor será a imagem da marca.
Satisfaction and Experience with a Supervised Home-Based Real-Time Videoconferencing Telerehabilitation Exercise Program in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Tsai Ling Ling Y , McNamara Renae J , Dennis Sarah M , Moddel Chloe , Alison Jennifer A , McKenzie David K , McKeough Zoe J
Published: December 2016

Telerehabilitation, consisting of supervised home-based exercise training via real-time videoconferencing, is an alternative method to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation with potential to improve access. The aims were to determine the level of satisfaction and experience of an eight-week supervised home-based telerehabilitation exercise program using real-time videoconferencing in people with COPD. Quantitative measures were the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8) and a purpose-designed satisfaction survey. A qualitative component was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Nineteen participants (mean (SD) age 73 (8) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 60 (23) % predicted) showed a high level of satisfaction in the CSQ-8 score and 100% of participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the quality of exercise sessions delivered using real-time videoconferencing in participant satisfaction survey. Eleven participants undertook semi-structured interviews. Key themes in four areas relating to the telerehabilitation service emerged: positive virtual interaction through technology; health benefits; and satisfaction with the convenience and use of equipment. Participants were highly satisfied with the telerehabilitation exercise program delivered via videoconferencing.
Factors Affecting the Market Price of Fish in the Northern Part of Surigao Del Sur, Philippines
Authors: Maribeth P. Alapan, , Errah Layza I. Arpilleda, , Kemberly Jane R. Altizo, , Gerlyn Keene R. Frias, , Jocel D. Ravelo, , Odinah L. Cuartero,
Published: December 2016

The study focused on the factors affecting the market price of fish in northern part of Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The study also attempted to find the significant difference among the identified factors affecting the market price of fish. The respondents of the study were the fishermen, middlemen, fish vendors and consumers of the six (6) identified coastal barangays in northern Surigao Del Sur namely: Linintian, Magosilom, San Pedro, Consuelo, General Island and Ayoke. The researcher–made questionnaire was the tool used in the study. Mean and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were used to quantify and analyse the gathered data. Based on the findings of the study, among the five (5) identified factors affecting the market price of fish, the quality of fish, as a factor, was found to greatly affect the market price of fish while water pollution was considered as the lowest factor affecting the market price of fish.Furthermore, it was found that all the five identified (5) factors cited in the study had significant contributions on the formulation of the market price of fish in the northern part of Surigao Del Sur.
Validação e Montagem de Carga Desafio: Da teoria à prática
Authors: Miguel Emerson Aparecido , Laranjeira Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: A necessidade de cumprimento da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) ANVISA n° 15/2012 trouxe para o Centro de Materiale Esterilização (CME) diversos desafios. Entre eles, determinar a carga de maior desafio para utilização durante a validação do processo de esterilizaçãopor calor úmido na etapa de qualificação de desempenho. Métodos: O presente artigo apresenta normas técnicas que respaldam essa atividade, assimcomo o resultado de uma análise profunda a respeito de um resultado comum quando há falha da determinação da carga de maior desafio: os problemascom carga molhada. Resultados: Os diversos materiais utilizados como produtos para saúde afetam o desempenho dos esterilizadores e podem comprometero processo de esterilização. Conclusão: Diante desse cenário, o uso de referências normativas técnicas nacionais e internacionais, de dispositivosde desafio de processo e de validação do processo de esterilização é indispensável para garantir a qualidade dessa atividade, evitando riscos aos pacientes.Palavras-chave: Esterilização. Condensação. Credenciamento. Pacientes.
How Can We Use Computational Modeling to Improve Total Knee Arthroplasty? Modeling Stability and Mobility in the Implanted Knee
Authors: Rullkoetter Paul J. , Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Clary Chadd W.
Published: December 2016

Validated computational models promise a virtual platform to create optimal articular surfaces that best achieve desired implant characteristics. Today, designers can parametrically define the primary geometric features of an implant, and automatically modify design variables until stability/mobility performance objectives are best achieved. This preclinical, virtual design iteration minimizes the development cycle compared with testing physical prototypes and, by evaluating a broader scope of design concepts, likely improves the clinical performance of the final product. However, the scenario described is not without shortcomings and requires thorough understanding of the capabilities and the limitations of the models used. Although models typically represent the articular interface well, the interaction with the patient and the surgical process includes significant variability and increase in complexity. We present current modeling capabilities for the estimation of implant stability/mobility, with further suggestions for answering the difficult question of how an implant might perform throughout the population.
« Tout le monde à bord pour le Klondike ». Le merveilleux aéronautique et quelques projets de vols vers les gisements aurifères du nord canadien, 1897-1898
Authors: Fortier Rénald
Published: December 2016

En 1897, des chercheurs d’or de partout dans le monde se précipitent vers le Klondike, dans ce qui est alors le district du Yukon des Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Atteindre cette région isolée du nord du Canada est pourtant difficile. Il n’y a pas de routes ou de chemins de fer et le fleuve Yukon est gelé une grande partie de l’année. En conséquence, certains aéronautes aux États-Unis et en France suggèrent que des ballons soient utilisés pour transporter des approvisionnements et / ou des prospecteurs de l’Alaska aux champs aurifères. En outre, quelques inventeurs nord-américains, dont un du Canada, proposent que les projets de dirigeable qu’ils ont mis sur papier soient construits afin de mettre en place des routes aériennes vers le Klondike. Journaux et magazines publient de nombreux articles sur ces projets. Malheureusement, pas un seul ballon ou dirigeable ne vole vers le Klondike au moment de la ruée vers l’or. De fait, aucun des dirigeables mentionnés à l’époque ne semble être complété, à supposer que leur construction ait commencé. Une équipe française se rend en Amérique du Nord avec son ballon mais cette tentative ne mène nulle part.
ПИТАЊЕ (НЕ)КАЖЊАВАЊА ЗА ПРИПРЕМАЊЕ КРИВИЧНОГ ДЈЕЛА
Authors: Милијевић Драгана
Published: December 2016

Експанзија репресивних прописа праћена хипертфоријом кривичноправних рјешења, а нужно означена као глобална тенденција у свијету, намеће питање оправданости кривичноправног задирања у личну сферу појединца. С тим у вези питање проширења зоне кажњивости на претходне стадијуме остварења кривичног дјела, бива све чешће предметом расправе. Пред савремена кривична законодавства поставља се тежак задатак изналажења баланса између ефикасних одговора на појаву савремених облика криминалитета, а који се по правилу крећу у правцу проширења граница кажњивости и заштите права и слобода појединца, тј. смањења степена интервенције кривичноправних механизама као ultima ratiaу личну сферу појединца. Аутор у раду износи аргументе pro et contra проширења зоне кажњивости на стадијум припремања кривичног дјела.
ОБАВЈЕШТАЈНЕ И БЕЗБЈЕДНОСНЕ СЛУЖБЕ
Authors: Ђукић Синиша
Published: December 2016

У раду се говори о обавјештајним и безбједноснимслужбама/агенцијама, њиховој организацији, принципимаорганизовања, класификацији, карактеристикама, те методима и средствима којe примјењују у свом раду. Указано је и на мјесто и улогу обавјештајних и безбједносних служби у традиционалном и савременом концепту безбједности држава, посебно ако се има у виду њихова различита позиција, дужности и задаци у супротстављању тероризмуи организованом криминалитету. Наиме, проблематика спречавања и сузбијања тероризма и организованог криминалитета временом задобија доминантно мјесто у програмским опредјељењима готово свих савремених обавјештајних и безбједносних агенција, које по правилудјелују на разоткривању припрема терористичког и криминалног дјеловања. У том смислу, ефикасно супротстављање тероризму и организованом криминалу захтијева и веома квалитетан обавјештајни рад, како на стратешком, тако и на тактичком и психолошком плану. Безприкупљених информација немогуће је вршити квалитетне оперативне и стратешке анализе које имају за циљ да развију свеобухватне обавјештајне процјене које ће бити релевантне за доношење одлука о начинима дјеловања.
KONFERENZ “KRIMINALITÄTSBEKÄMPFUNG UND EUROPÄISCHE INTEGRATIONEN MIT SCHWERPUNKT AUF DER UMWELTKRIMINALITÄT” DARSTELLUNG DER AUSGEWÄHLTEN ARBEITEN MIT SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN VON DER KONFERENZ
Authors: Mršić Milenko
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung: In der Zeit vom 18. bis 20. März 2014 wurde in Trebinje Konferenz zum Thema “Bekämpfung der Kriminalität und europäische Integrationen mit Schwerpunkt auf der Umweltkriminalität” abgehalten. In dieser Arbeit wurden ausgewählte Arbeiten von dieser Konferenz dargestellt. Der Sinn der Arbeit ist, Hauptinformationenüber die Konferenz und Kurzfassungen von einigen, nach Meinung des Autors interessantesten Arbeiten zu diesem Thema zu geben, wie auch die fachwissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit über die am Ende der Konferenz verabschiedeten Schlussfolgerungen zu informieren. Alle präsentierten Arbeiten wurden zusammen mit den anderen Arbeiten im Sammelband mit demselben Titel im Ganzen veröffentlicht. Um im Namen der Polizeihochschule der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung Dank und Anerkennung auszusprechen, hat der Autor Vorwort zum Sammelband und Zusammenfassungen aller Arbeitenauch in die deutsche Sprache übersetzt. Ein anderer Vorteil, beziehungsweise Zweck der deutschen Übersetzung besteht darin, dass die Studenten der Polizeihochschule und andere interessierte Leser einen allgemeinen Einblick in die komplexe Struktur des deutschen Satzgefüges gewinnen undelementare deutsche fachspezifische Terminologie und Redewendungen aus diesem Bereich aneignen können.
DEHIDRATACIJA DIETILETERA NA Mn(II)-MORDENITU
Authors: Petrović Rada , Nedeljko Cegar , Skundric Branko , Penavin- Skundric Jelena
Published: December 2016

U radu je ispitana brzina reakcije dehidratacije dietiletera na mordenitu (NaM) i Mn(II)-mordenitu (Mn(II)M) kao katalizatorima. Reakcija je praćena u gasnoj fazi  u temperaturnom području od 426 K do 653 K. Kao produkt reakcije pored etena i vode, pojavljuje se i  mala količina butena i to na NaM. Na temperaturi od 653 K na NaM reakcija je tekla kao reakcija prvog reda bez inicijalnog perioda, dok na nižim temperaturama i na NaM i na Mn(II)M reakcija  ima inicijalni period.Zbog toga su urađeni eksperimenti na Mn(II)M kao katalizatoru u kojima je reakcionoj smjesi dodana voda. Eksperiment uz dodatak vode na Mn(II)M vođen je na 455 K a omjer dietiletera i vode na početku reakcije je bio 1:2. Reakcija je tekla kao reakcija prvog reda bez inicijalnog perioda a produkt reakcije pored vode je samo eten. Uvođenje jona Mn2+ u strukturu mordenita znatno ubrza reakciju, te se zbog toga reakcija mogla pratiti na temperaturama nižim za 150-200 K. Prisustvo jona Mn2+ u strukturi mordenita dovodi do povećanja ukupnog broja kao i kiselosti aktivnih centara zeolitne površine a što ima za rezultat povećanu katalitičku aktivnost Mn(II)M.
SINTEZA KALCIJUM FERITNIH PEROVSKITA MIKROVALNO-POTPOMOGNUTOM DEKOMPOZICIJOM RAZLIČITIH PREKURSORA
Authors: Zeljkovic Sasa , Ivas Toni , Penavin - Skundric Jelena , Vasiljevic Ljubica
Published: December 2016

Sinteza kalcijum feritnih pudera tipa perovskita je izvršena u kratkom vremenskom periodu putem dekompozicije karbonatnih i oksidnih prekursora korištenjem mikrovalne iradijacije (2.45 GHz, snage do 250 W). Na temperaturnim i energetskim dijagramima je kontinuirano bilježena apsorbovana, reflektirana i primjenjena snaga te temperatura uzorka. Karbonatni i oksidni prekursori su uspješno transformisani u kalcijum ferit. Početni materijali i produkti su karakterizirani difrakcijom X-zraka (XRD). Sinteza iz kalcijum oksida i magnetita se gledano po kristaliziranosti finalnog produkta pokazala uspješnijom. U poređenju sa dobro poznatim tradicionalnim putevima sinteze predstavljena metoda mikrovalno - potpomognute dekompozicije prekursora je brza, čista i energetski efikasna. Uz korištenje na mikrovalnu iradijaciju osjetljivih prekursora ovdje predstavljeni sintetski put zagrijavanjem mikrovalnm zračenjem može biti preporučen za proizvodnju kalcijum feritnih i drugih materijala tipa perovskita.
UTICAJ PREDOZONIZACIJE NA UKLANJANJE PREKURSORA TRIHALOMETANA KOAGULACIJOM
Authors: Agbaba Jasmina , Tubic Aleksandra , Molnar Jelena , Watson Malcom , Krcmar Dejan , Dalmacija Bozo
Published: December 2016

Uticaj predozonizacije na uklanjanje prekursora trihalometana (THM) koagulacijom ispitivan je na podzemnoj vodi sa visokim sadržajem prirodnih organskih materija (5,28±0,65 mg/L DOC; 0,131±0,002 cm-1 UV254) i potencijalom formiranja THM (275±39 µg/ L PFTHM). Jar test je sproveden primenom koagulanata PACl (5-30 mg Al/L) i FeCl3 (100-200 mg/L). PACl se pri svim ispitivanim dozama pokazao kao efikasniji koagulant u pogledu smanjenja sadržaja DOC, u odnosu na FeCl3 (uklonjeno je 9-48% DOC i 9-19% DOC, redom). Najbolji efekti postignuti su pri dozi od 15 mg Al/L PACl i 150 mg/L FeCl3, te je pri ovim dozama dalje ispitivan efekat predozonizacije (0,25-0,8 mg O3/mg DOC) na uklanjanje prekursora THM. Utvrđeno je da koagulacija sa predozonizacijom ima pozitivan uticaj na uklanjanje prekursora THM. Primenom 0,8 mg O3/mg DOC povećava se efikasnost uklanjanja prekursora THM koagulacijom sa PACl  (sa 34% na 55%) i FeCl3 (sa 23% na 85%).
THE MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS OF (READY TO EAT) LETTUCE BEFORE AND AFTER STANDARD WASHING
Authors: Topalic Ljiljana , Savic Aleksandar , Kovacevic Jelena , Balesevic Ljiljana , Matos Snjezana , Milos Solaja
Published: December 2016

Lettuce is a vegetable that is always consumed raw. The number and types of microorganisms that may be found on the lettuce leaves depend on growing, harvesting, and particularly on handling practices, like proper washing and preparing lettuce before eating. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that washing under running water has on the microbiological status of lettuce leaves purchased from the local market place in Banja Luka. Smears were taken from the obverse and reverse sides of lettuce leaves, and the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds was determined as well as the presence of sulphite-reducing clostridia, the coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. The analysis showed that the washing reduced the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria by approximately 10 times, and the total count of yeasts and molds by approximately 8 times. Of the lettuce samples examined, 66,67% contained sulphite-reducing clostridia and 13,33% Salmonella species, before the washing. The number of samples with sulphite-reducing clostridia was reduced by five times after the washing, but the number of samples contaminated with Salmonella species remained the same.
ISTRAŽIVANJE UTICAJA SIROVINSKOG SASTAVA I NAČINA OBRADE TKANINA NA NJIHOVA ANTIBAKTERIJSKA SVOJSTVA
Authors: Grujic Dragana , Savic Aleksandar , Topalic - Trivunovic Ljiljana , Janjic Svjetlana , Jevsnik Simona , Jokanovic Danijela
Published: December 2016

U ovom radu je istraživan uticaj sirovinskog sastava i načina obrade tkanina vodenim ekstraktom biljaka Allium cepa L. i Juglans regia L. na stepen obojenja i antibakterijska svojstva. Za istraživanja su korištene dvije tkanine različitih sirovinskih sastava (100 % pamuk i 50% pamuk/50% poliester), istih konstrukcionih karakteristika i približno iste površinske mase. Bojenje tkanina ekstraktima biljaka rađeno je na dva načina koristeći metodu iscrpljenja kupatila, uz dodatak različitih močila (CH3COOH i KNaC4H4O6 · 4H2O). Antibakterijska svojstva tkanina obrađenih navedenim vodenim ekstrakatima su testirana na bakterije Escherichia coli i Staphylococcus aureus koristeći metodu paralelnih linija (AATCC TM 147). Primjenjeni ekstrakti biljaka mogli bi naći primjenu u proizvodnji malih serija unikatnih ekološki prihvatljivih proizvoda. U isto vrijeme ovako oplemenjene tkanine pokazuju određena antimikrobna svojstva. Sa ekološke tačke gledišta ekstrakti biljaka, kao prirodni proizvodi, predstavljaju pogodnu zamjenu za hemijske boje.
UTICAJ OTPADNIH VODA RAFINERIJE BROD NA STANJE TAKSONA ZOOBENTOSA SAVE
Authors: Pavlovic Nevenka , Batoz Zeljana , Sukalo Goran , Dmitrovic Dejan
Published: December 2016

Rijeka Sava je recipijent sa velikim faktorom razrjeđenja, ali posljedice zagađenja njenog ekosistema otpadnim vodama mogu biti drastične i dugoročne. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava zajednice zoobentosa Save uzvodno i nizvodno od ispusta otpadnih voda Rafinerije Brod i utvrđivanje nivoa uticaja otpadnih voda rafinerije na stanje taksona zoobentosa ove rijeke. Uzorci zoobentosa (12) su sakupljani Sarberovom mrežom, po tri 250 m uzvodno i nizvodno od ispusta otpadnih voda Rafinerije Brod, u avgustu i oktobru 2010. godine. Analizom uzoraka je utvrđena veća vrijednost gustine naselja ove zajednice, kao i veći broj taksona u ljetnjem nego u jesenjem aspektu, što se dovodi u vezu sa smanjenjem gustine naselja zoobentosa usljed povećavanja površine staništa zbog poplava. Pronađen je veći broj taksona sa većom gustinom naselja nizvodno u ljetnjem aspektu nego uzvodno, dok je veća vrijednost ovih parametara u jesenjem aspektu utvrđena uzvodno od ispusta, vjerovatno zbog upliva otpadnih voda.Odsustvo larvi insekata iz reda Plecoptera, u obje sezone, ukazuje na opterećenje vode oko ispusta Rafinerije Brod zagađujućim materijama, jer ovaj takson među prvima nestaje iz biotopa usljed zagađenja.
MJERNA NESIGURNOST HEMIJSKOG ANALITIČKOG REZULTATA - POREĐENJE EMPIRIJSKOG PRISTUPA I PRISTUPA MODELIRANJA
Authors: Suljagic Semsa , Jotanovic Aida
Published: December 2016

Sa  izdavanjem standarda ISO/IEC 17025:1999 procjena mjerne nesigurnosti je postala obaveza kompetentnih ispitnih laboratorija. Taj zahtjev je zajednicu analitičara stavio pred težak zadatak u odabiru adekvatnog pristupa za realnu procjenu mjerne nesigurnosti. Klasičan pristup koji je promovirao GUM je bio teško primjenjljiv na kompleksne hemijske analitičke procese, te je pozdravljen moderan empirijski pristup utemeljen standardom ISO/TS 21748:2004. U ovom stručnom radu su navedeni rezultati primjene klasičnog pristupa modeliranja i empirijskog pristupa za procjenu mjerne nesigurnosti rezultata jednostavne volumetrijske metode za određivanje sadržaja srebra sa svrhom procjene realnosti dobijenih kvantifikacija. Ispitivani uzorci su srebrene legure za nakit čiji je kvalitet specificiran tehničkom legislativom i sa tog stanovišta je značajno uz rezultat ispitivanja izraziti njegovu mjernu nesigurnost. U prvom dijelu su izvori nesigurnosti definisani i kvantificirani na način preporučen u QUAM-u. Prilikom kvantifikacije korišteni su dostupni podaci o mjeriteljskim karakteristikama korištene mjerne opreme, a podaci o preciznosti su eksperimentalno procijenjeni. Dobijen je krajnji rezultat za ukupnu mjernu nesigurnost od 1,15 mg/g Ag. Empirijski pristup je zasnovan na eksperimentalnoj procjeni unutarlaboratorijske standardne devijacije reproduktivnosti i procjeni doprinosa od biasa koja je utvrđena poređenjem dobijenog rezultata sa rezultatom referentne (standardne) ispitne metode. Ukupna mjerna nesigurnost dobijena ovim pristupom je 1,18 mg/g Ag te je ustanovljeno da nema bitne razlike u kvantifikacijama koja su proizašla od primjene različitih pristupa za procjenu. Ovaj eksperiment ukazuje da kod pravilnog promišljanja i korištenja raspoloživih podataka nema disproporcije između procjene po ova dva različita pristupa te se laboratorija može odlučiti da odabere onaj za koji posjeduje dovoljno podataka, resursa i znanja.
Efficient chirped-pulse amplification based on thulium-doped ZBLAN fibers
Authors: Nomura Yutaka , Fuji Takao
Published: December 2016

We demonstrate a chirped-pulse amplifier system operating around 1900 nm using thulium-doped ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF (ZBLAN) fibers. The pulses from a thulium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser oscillator are stretched by a passive ZBLAN fiber and subsequently amplified in a double-clad thulium-doped ZBLAN fiber to an average power of 6.9 W at a pump power of 17 W. We found that ZBLAN fibers require a much lower pump and/or seed power than silica fibers for efficient amplification. The amplified pulses are compressed to a duration of 150 fs with an average power of 3.9 W.
Role of spacer‐1 in the maturation and function of GlcNAc‐1‐phosphotransferase
Authors: Liu Lin , Lee Wang‐Sik , Doray Balraj , Kornfeld Stuart
Published: December 2016

The UDP‐GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme, N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphotransferase (GlcNAc‐1‐PT), is an α2β2γ2 hexamer that mediates the initial step in the formation of the mannose 6‐phosphate targeting signal on newly synthesized lysosomal acid hydrolases. The GNPTAB gene encodes the 1256 amino acid long α/β precursor which is normally cleaved at K928 in the early Golgi by Site‐1 protease (S1P). Here, we show that removal of the so‐called ‘spacer‐1′ domain (residues 86–322) results in cleavage almost exclusively at a second S1P consensus sequence located upstream of K928. In addition, GlcNAc‐1‐PT lacking spacer‐1 exhibits enhanced phosphorylation of several non‐lysosomal glycoproteins, while the phosphorylation of lysosomal acid hydrolases is not altered. In view of these effects on the maturation and function of GlcNAc‐1‐PT, we suggest renaming `spacer‐1′ the `regulatory‐1′ domain.
Constraining spatial variability in recharge and discharge in an arid environment through modeling carbon‐14 with improved boundary conditions
Authors: Wood Cameron , Cook Peter G. , Harrington Glenn A. , Knapton Anthony
Published: December 2016

Carbon‐14 (14C) has been widely used to estimate groundwater recharge rates in arid regions, and is increasingly being used as a tool to assist numerical model calibration. However, lack of knowledge on 14C inputs to groundwater potentially limits its reliability for constraining spatial variability in recharge. In this study, we use direct measurements of 14C in the unsaturated zone to develop a 14C input map for a regional scale unconfined aquifer in the Ti Tree Basin in central Australia. The map is used as a boundary condition for a 3‐D groundwater flow and solute transport model for the basin. The model is calibrated to both groundwater 14C activity and groundwater level, and calibration is achieved by varying recharge rates in 18 hydrogeological zones. We test the sensitivity of the calibration to both the 14C boundary condition, and the number or recharge zones used. The calibrated recharge rates help resolve the conceptual model for the basin, and demonstrate that spatially distributed discharge (through evapotranspiration) is an important part of the water balance. This approach demonstrates the importance of boundary conditions for 14C transport modeling (14C input activity), for improving estimates of spatial variability in recharge and discharge.
Interactions between land use change and carbon cycle feedbacks
Authors: Mahowald Natalie M. , Randerson James T. , Lindsay Keith , Munoz Ernesto , Doney Scott C. , Lawrence Peter , Schlunegger Sarah , Ward Daniel S. , Lawrence David , Hoffman Forrest M.
Published: December 2016

Using the Community Earth System Model, we explore the role of human land use and land cover change (LULCC) in modifying the terrestrial carbon budget in simulations forced by Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, extended to year 2300. Overall, conversion of land (e.g., from forest to croplands via deforestation) results in a model‐estimated, cumulative carbon loss of 490 Pg C between 1850 and 2300, larger than the 230 Pg C loss of carbon caused by climate change over this same interval. The LULCC carbon loss is a combination of a direct loss at the time of conversion and an indirect loss from the reduction of potential terrestrial carbon sinks. Approximately 40% of the carbon loss associated with LULCC in the simulations arises from direct human modification of the land surface; the remaining 60% is an indirect consequence of the loss of potential natural carbon sinks. Because of the multicentury carbon cycle legacy of current land use decisions, a globally averaged amplification factor of 2.6 must be applied to 2015 land use carbon losses to adjust for indirect effects. This estimate is 30% higher when considering the carbon cycle evolution after 2100. Most of the terrestrial uptake of anthropogenic carbon in the model occurs from the influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis in trees, and thus, model‐projected carbon feedbacks are especially sensitive to deforestation.
Global variability and changes in ocean total alkalinity from Aquarius satellite data
Authors: Fine Rana A. , Willey Debra A. , Millero Frank J.
Published: December 2016

This work demonstrates how large‐scale Aquarius satellite salinity data have provided an unprecedented opportunity when combined with total alkalinity (TA) equations as a function of salinity and temperature to examine global changes in the CO2 system. Alkalinity is a gauge on the ability of seawater to neutralize acids. TA correlates strongly with salinity. Spatial variability in alkalinity and salinity exceed temporal variability. Northern Hemisphere has more spatial variability in TA and salinity, while less variability in Southern Ocean TA is due to less salinity variability and upwelling of waters enriched in alkalinity. For the first time it is shown that TA in subtropical regions has increased as compared with climatological data; this is reflective of large‐scale changes in the global water cycle. Thus, as temperature and salinity increase in subtropical regions, the resultant increase in TA and ocean acidification is reinforcing that from oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2.
New insights into magma plumbing along rift systems from detailed observations of eruptive behavior at Axial volcano
Authors: Sigmundsson Freysteinn
Published: December 2016

The magma reservoir in geophysical volcano plumbing models is often modeled as a simple geometric volume, filled with magma of uniform properties. However, the constraints on reservoir size and magma properties in volcano roots are typically indirect and poor. Axial Seamount, a volcano at a depth of about 1500 m on the Juan de Fuca mid‐oceanic ridge in the Pacific Ocean, has both high‐resolution seismic images of its subsurface magma and detailed results from monitoring of its most recent eruption and associated seismicity and ground deformation. The 2015 eruption at Axial Seamount is the best monitored submarine eruption so far because of observations made possible by the Ocean Observatories Initiative, and seismic imaging of magma at this volcano is better than in most other environments because of advanced analysis of extensive seismic reflection profiling at sea and the relatively simple volcano structure. This allows new understanding compared to findings from earlier observations from monitored rifting episodes on land. Geophysical magma plumbing models, in general, may need to allow for more complexities, namely, spatial heterogeneities in magma composition, melt content, and location of major volume changes within a single magma dominated crustal volume during eruptions.
Directional gravity wave momentum fluxes in the stratosphere derived from high‐resolution AIRS temperature data
Authors: Ern M. , Hoffmann L. , Preusse P.
Published: December 2016

In order to reduce uncertainties in modeling the stratospheric circulation, global observations of gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) vectors are required for comparison with distributions of resolved and parametrized GWMF in global models. For the first time, we derive GWMF vectors globally from data of a nadir‐viewing satellite instrument: we apply a 3‐D method to an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature data set that was optimized for gravity wave (GW) analysis. For January 2009, the resulting distributions of GW amplitudes and of net GWMF highlight the importance of GWs in the polar vortex and the summertime subtropics. Net GWMF is preferentially directed opposite to the background wind, and, interestingly, it is dominated by large‐amplitude GWs of relatively long horizontal wavelength. For convective GW sources, these large horizontal scales are in contradiction with traditional thoughts. However, the observational filter effect needs to be kept in mind when interpreting the results.
Scientific considerations for future spectroscopic measurements from space of activity on the Sun
Authors: Holman Gordon D.
Published: December 2016

High‐resolution UV and X‐ray spectroscopy are important to understanding the origin and evolution of magnetic energy release in the solar atmosphere, as well as the subsequent evolution of heated plasma and accelerated particles. Electromagnetic radiation is observed from plasma heated to temperatures ranging from about 10 kK to above 10 MK, from accelerated electrons emitting photons primarily at X‐ray energies, and from ions emitting in γ rays. These observations require space‐based instruments sensitive to emissions at wavelengths shorter than the near UV. This article reviews some recent observations with emphasis on solar eruptive events, the models that describe them, and the measurements they indicate are needed for substantial progress in the future. Specific examples are discussed demonstrating that imaging spectroscopy with a cadence of seconds or better is needed to follow, understand, and predict the evolution of solar activity. Critical to substantial progress is the combination of a judicious choice of UV, EUV, and soft X‐ray imaging spectroscopy sensitive to the evolution of this thermal plasma combined with hard X‐ray imaging spectroscopy sensitive to suprathermal electrons. The major challenge will be to conceive instruments that, within the bounds of possible technologies and funding, have the flexibility and field of view to obtain spectroscopic observations where and when events occur while providing an optimum balance of dynamic range, spectral resolution and range, and spatial resolution.