bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequencing and analysis of complete plastid genomes of diploid wheats Tritcum sinskajae and Triticum monococcum k-20970
Authors: Azat Kuluev , Bulat Kuluev , Alexey Chemeris
Published: November 2023

Diploid wheat with genome A Triticum sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk. was discovered in the early 70s. last century during the reproduction of samples of Triticum monococcum L. line k-20970. Despite the fact that T. sinskajae was initially proposed to be identified as a separate wheat species, in further studies it was considered as a spontaneous mutant of T. monococcum. A number of studies have shown that T. sinskajae is genetically different from different T. monococcum lineages, but how different it is from the T. monococcum k-20970 lineage remained unknown. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to sequence and compare the chloroplast genomes of T. sinskajae and T. monococcum line k-20970, as well as to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between diploid wheats based on the results of analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their chloroplast genomes. During this study, we were the first to sequence and annotate the complete chloroplast genomes of T. sinskajae k-48993 (Dagestan), T. monococcum k-20970 (Turkey), T. boeoticum k-58674 (Armenia) on a Genolab M sequencer (GeneMind, China). For comparative analysis, chloroplast genome sequences of T. monococcum subsp. monococcum (LC005977.1) and T. urartu (KJ614411.1) were taken from GenBank. According to the results of the analysis, it turned out that T. sinskajae (k-48993) and T. monococcum k-20970, although they were closer to each other, differed in 10 changes in the chloroplast genome, including 3 substitutions, 1 transversion, 1 deletion, 4 insertions and 4bp inversion of AGAA with TTCT in the rbcL-psal intergenic region. The identified differences in the chloroplast genomes of T. sinskajae (k-48993) and T. monococcum (k-20970) allow us to conclude that they are two very close, but still different species of diploid wheat. A comparison of the chloroplast genomes of diploid wheats showed a common origin of the plasmons of three closely related einkorns - T. sinskajae, T. monococcum and T. boeoticum, while T. urartu is located a little further from them.
Predatory ants are likely to live at a safer distance from termites to capture prey and avoid defensive attacks, a perspective on conflict, coexistence, and neutralism
Authors: Das Pritom , Mahato Sourav , Dolai Avishek , Nayek Sayan , Prusty Arpan , Das Amlan
Published: November 2023

Interactions between insects are an important ecological phenomenon characterised by both cooperation and competition. Ant-termite associations are well-established due to their ubiquity in varied natural environments, nesting grounds, or similar food interests. There exists a predator-prey relationship between the two as the ants are known to predate on termite while the prey, termite may execute ruthless defensive attacks when they build their nest in close proximity to each other and that can be a fatal encounter for both. While this association is a ‘necessary evil’ for termites and ants as they obtain benefits like protection and food from the colonies, both organisms have specific escape routes to ensure maximum benefit transfer with minimum conflict. Under the theory of territorial occupation and area dominance, this study aimed to estimate how close a predatory ant builds its nest to its prey termite colonies to avoid the defensive attacks from the termites in a large area where nesting space is not limited. Despite the significant risk of getting predated, we wondered how close a termite might forage to a predatory ant's nest. In this investigation, we observed the territorial occupation of a predatory ant, Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and an termite, Odontotermes redemanni (Isoptera: Termitidae), which often coexist in the same landscape. In order to determine the answers, the frequency of ant-nest distributions along a scale from several termite mounds, and the frequency and extent of termite foraging mud-gallery distributions radiating towards ant nests, were measured from ten study mounds dispersed in the study location. Our data suggest that ants S. geminata may avoid O. redemanni mounds to prevent assault. However, they keep a safe distance of atleast 5 to 10 metres (Zone of maximum benefit transfer) while avoiding Zone of conflict (0-5m) and Zone of minimum benefit transfer (0-15m) to increase their chances of catching prey. Our data indicate that both organisms are likely to avoid direct fighting while coexisting in the same ecological zone. The present findings demonstrate how the two natural competitors like ants and termites, frequently in a predator-prey relationship, co-adapt to precision prey capturing while avoiding defensive counter attacks.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Benzoazepinone Derivatives as Potent Estrogen Receptor Alpha Inhibitors
Authors: Venugopal N.V.S. , Nizampatnam  , Jagadeesh S. Tirumala
Published: November 2023

Background
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) block the effects of estrogen on breast cancer cells by sitting in the estrogen receptors. If a SERM is in the estrogen receptor, estrogen can't attach to the cancer cell and the cell doesn't receive estrogen's signals to grow and multiply. The goal of this research is to develop small drug-like molecules of novel Benzoazepinone derivatives that mimic the ability of the SERM (Tamoxifene and Raloxifene) to binds with estrogen receptor protein.
Methods
2-Phenylethyl bromide undergoes amino alkylation through mannich reaction with CH3NH2 and chloro acetyl chloride, gives 2-chloro-N-methyl-N-phenethylacetamide, which is further undergoing cyclization gives 3-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one.2-phenylethyl bromide. 1-amino-3-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one.di-p-toluoyl-1-tartaric acid and 1-amino-3-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one. HCl was obtained by treatment with di-p-toluoyl-l-tartaric acid and con. HCl respectively. Finally, this intermediate undergoes nucleophilic addition reactions with different substituted aldehydes. All the compounds were screened for their in-vitro cytotoxicity activity using Vero and MDA MB 231 cell lines by MTT assay.
Results
IC50 values from Cytotoxicity studies by MTT assay ranges from 11µg/ml to 153µg/ml. A total of 15 compounds were synthesized by using a diverse scheme and the title compounds have exhibited low to high in-vitro anticancer activity with MDA MB 231 cells. Compared to the standard (Raloxifene 6 µg/ml), the developed compounds T2 (35µg/ml), T10 (36µg/ml), T14 (11µg/ml) and T15 (22 µg/ml).
Conclusion
Finally, four compounds might be used as a lead molecule for future development into a therapeutically viable anti-ER positive breast cancer drug from the benzoazepinone derivatives family.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Comprehensive Report
Authors: Wang Wenshu , Li Chao , Zhu Yuanmin
Published: November 2023

Background
An increasing number of asymptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients are being identified. The objective of this study was to examine the association between necroptosis-related genes and high-risk GIST, providing data to inform the treatment and follow-up guidelines of asymptomatic patients.
Methods
The GIST dataset was acquired and by analyzing the dataset of GIST patients in high-risk and low-risk groups, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We constructed a diagnostic model and used it to analyze the screened DEGs in order to identify key genes involved in GIST. We then constructed mRNA-miRNA and mRNA-TF interaction networks to predict the interaction networks of key genes. We employed immune infiltration analysis to examine the correlation between immune cells and key genes.
Results
A total of 15 necroptosis-related DEGs were identified by analyzing the datasets of high and low-risk GIST patients. A diagnostic model was developed utilizing five essential genes (CAPN1, DNM1L, H2AFZ, MYC, and UCHL1) for discriminating high-risk and low-risk for GIST. The key gene MYC exhibited the highest level of interaction with miRNA, while the key gene CAPN1 displayed the most interactions with TFs. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the key gene MYC has a significant positive correlation with eosinophils and memory B cells.
Conclusion
The key genes MYC and CAPN1 may play crucial roles in the progression of GIST disease.
A new hyperchaotic system with dynamical analysis and its application in image encryption based on STM32
Authors: Cheng XueFeng , Zhu HongMei , Liu Juan
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a new 4D hyperchaotic system based on a modified 3D Lorenz chaotic system. The stability of equilibrium points in this hyperchaotic system is analyzed, with a notable feature being the presence of only one equilibrium point. Subsequently, dynamic characteristics of the new system, such as Lyapunov exponents' spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and chaotic attractors, are analyzed using MATLAB numerical simulation software. The numerical analysis indicates that the hyperchaotic system exhibits hyperchaotic characteristics over a wide range of parameter d values, and its chaotic attractor manifests four states: hyperchaotic, chaotic, periodic, and quasi-periodic. This illustrates the complex dynamic behavior of the hyperchaotic system. Experimental validation is then conducted using embedded hardware STM32, reproducing the four types of chaotic attractors observed in numerical analysis and confirming the accuracy of theoretical analysis. The proposed new hyperchaotic system is deemed effective and reliable. Finally, the system is applied to image encryption, presenting a novel encryption method based on the hyperchaotic system. The designed hyperchaotic encryption sequence satisfies 15 tests of the NIST SP800-22 standard, and experimental verification using STM32 demonstrates the effectiveness, simplicity, non-linearity, and high security of the proposed image encryption algorithm. This method can be extended to applications such as audio encryption, image encryption, video encryption, and other fields.
Contribution of iron group metals to graphitic-structure formation in carbonization of woody biomass
Authors: Yamagishi Takayuki , Shibutani Sakae , Suzuki Hikaru , Yamauchi Shigeru
Published: November 2023

To evaluate the contribution of iron group metals to the formation of graphitic structures in woody charcoal, charcoal samples synthesized from Japanese cedar wood impregnated with 3d-transition metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) ions were analyzed using microscopic Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffractometry. The metal-loaded charcoal samples were carbonized at 650, 700, 750, 800, and 850°C in downstream N2 gas. The Gˊ-band, which shows the structural ordering of carbon atoms, was observed in the Raman spectra of Fe-, Co-, and Ni-loaded charcoal. The Gˊ-band position tended to shift to higher wavenumbers (2700‒2690 cm− 1) with increasing carbonization temperature. The Gˊ-band occurring in the 2700–2690 cm− 1 range corresponded to an X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak at ~ 26.3 ° assigned to the (002) plane of graphite-like structures. The high-wavenumber Gˊ-band also corresponded to the XRD detection of the carbide of the three metals. However, the XRD peak was not found for Co- and Ni-loaded charcoal samples exhibiting Gˊ-bands at ≤ 2670 cm− 1.
The Disease-specific Survival From Plasma Il-1 and Il-6 Families Cytokines With Associated Soluble Receptors at Diagnosis in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Importance of Tnm Stage and Smoking History
Authors: Aarstad Helene Hersvik , Moe Svein Erik Emblem , Lybak Stein , Bruserud Øystein , Tvedt Tor Henrik , Aarstad Hans Jørgen
Published: November 2023

The acute-phase cascade (APC) has been correlated with outcome in many different cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A main driver of the APC are the cytokines in the IL-6, IL-1 and TNF cytokine families. We have studied the systemic acute phase soluble cytokine/cytokine receptor profiles in serum (s) for patients with HNSCC. Systemic levels the of Interleukin-6 family cytokines/s-receptors (IL-6, IL-27, IL-31, OSM, CNTF, gp130,IL-6Rα), IL-1 family members (IL-1RA, IL-33Rα/ST2) and TNF-α at diagnosis from 144 HNSCC patients. Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was then studied. Increased levels of CRP (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .001), IL-31 (p = .044), IL-1RA (p = .004), IL-6Rα (p = .022) and gp130 (p = .007) were predictors among human papilloma virus (HPV) infection negative (−) patients. Only the IL-6 levels predicted DSS among HPV positive (+) patients. High TNF-α levels showed a trend toward predicting DSS (p = .078) when considering all patients and adjusted for HPV. Adjusting for TNM stage and smoking history, IL-6Rα, gp130, and IL-33Rα/ST2 retained DSS survival prediction. Factor analysis suggests two underlying factors for the present results. The first factor contains the cytokines and the second contains the soluble cytokine receptors. To conclude: High serum levels of IL-6, IL-31 and IL-1RA as well as the soluble receptors IL-6Rα and gp130, and to some extent TNF-α at the time of diagnosis predicted lowered DSS. Clinically, IL-6 levels above 2.5 pg/ml yielded more than 70% specificity and sensitivity for DSS. The cytokine predictions were associated with TNM stage and smoking history, whereas IL-6Rα, gp130 and IL-33Rα/ST2 levels predicted DSS more uniquely.
Statistical method of multi-omics data integration and its application in cancer analysis
Authors: Jiao Yunmeng , Chang Zhiyong
Published: November 2023

With the advancements in science and technology, the study of cancer has expanded beyond analyzing a single set of data. Instead, researchers are now focusing on the fusion analysis of multiple data groups, which is more beneficial for predicting cancer. I This research paper examines the existing techniques for analyzing multi-omics data through statistical integration. The methods discussed include correlation analysis, multivariate analysis, and series integration analysis. However, as high-throughput sequencing technology advances, multi-omics data sets have become increasingly large. This leads to a "dimensional disaster" where traditional analysis methods struggle to effectively extract relevant variables and are prone to overfitting and failure. This paper introduces a method called sparse canonical correlation analysis, which is used to analyze the data set of DNA methylation and RNA-seq gene expression in breast cancer patients. The relationship between the methylation status of particular DNA regions and the level of gene expression was examined, and the most significant characteristics in each dataset were identified. This approach offers a novel method for complex multi-omics datasets with high dimensionality.
Impact of Pulse Pressure on Acute Brain Injury in Venoarterial ECMO Patients with Cardiogenic Shock During the First 24 Hours of ECMO Cannulation: Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Kalra Andrew , Kang Jin Kook , Wilcox Christopher , Brown Patricia , Rycus Peter , Anders Marc M , Zaaqoq Akram M , Brodie Daniel , Whitman Glenn J R , Cho Sung-Min
Published: November 2023

Background: Low pulse pressure (PP) in venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a marker of cardiac dysfunction and has been associated with acute brain injury (ABI) as continuous-flow centrifugal pump may lead to endothelial dysregulation.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adults (≥18 years) on “peripheral” VA-ECMO support for cardiogenic shock in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (1/2018-7/2023). Cubic splines were used to establish a threshold (PP≤10 mmHg at 24 hours of ECMO support) for “early low” PP. ABI included central nervous system (CNS) ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage, brain death, and seizures. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine whether PP≤10 mmHg was associated with ABI. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, pre-ECMO variables (temporary mechanical support, vasopressors, cardiac arrest), on-ECMO variables (pH, PaO2, PaCO2), and on-ECMO complications (hemolysis, arrhythmia, renal replacement therapy).
Results: Of 9,807 peripheral VA-ECMO patients (median age=57.4 years, 67% male), 8,294 (85%) had PP>10 mmHg vs. 1,513 (15%) had PP≤10 mmHg. Patients with PP≤10 mmHg experienced ABI more frequently vs. PP>10 mmHg (15% vs. 11%, p<0.001). After adjustment, PP≤10 mmHg was independently associated with ABI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06-1.48, p=0.01). CNS ischemia and brain death were more common in patients with PP≤10 mmHg vs. PP>10 mmHg (8% vs. 6%, p=0.008; 3% vs. 1%, p<0.001). PP≤10 mmHg was associated with CNS ischemia (aOR=1.26, 95%CI=1.02-1.56, p=0.03) but not intracranial hemorrhage (aOR=1.14, 95%CI=0.85-1.54, p=0.38).
Conclusions: Early low PP (≤10 mmHg) at 24 hours of ECMO support was associated with ABI, particularly CNS ischemia, in peripheral VA-ECMO patients.
Symmetry-protected exceptional and nodal points in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Sayyad Sharareh , Stålhammar Marcus , Rødland Lukas , Kunst Flore K.
Published: November 2023

One of the unique features of non-Hermitian (NH) systems is the appearance of NH degeneracies known as exceptional points (EPs). The extensively studied defective EPs occur when the Hamiltonian becomes non-diagonalizable. Aside from this degeneracy, we show that NH systems may host two further types of non-defective degeneracies, namely, non-defective EPs and ordinary (Hermitian) nodal points. The non-defective EPs manifest themselves by i) the diagonalizability of the NH Hamiltonian at these points and ii) the non-diagonalizability of the Hamiltonian along certain intersections of these points, resulting in instabilities in the Jordan decomposition when approaching the points from certain directions. We demonstrate that certain discrete symmetries, namely parity-time, parity-particle-hole, and pseudo-Hermitian symmetry, guarantee the occurrence of both defective and non-defective EPs. We extend this list of symmetries by including the NH time-reversal symmetry in two-band systems. Two-band and four-band models exemplify our findings. Through an example, we further reveal that ordinary nodal points may coexist with defective EPs in NH models when the above symmetries are relaxed.
Tchavdar Dimitrov Palev - In memoriam
Authors: Stoilova N. I.
Published: November 2023

Tchavdar Dimitrov Palev - In memoriam
Assessing the impact of an arch-dam breach magnitude and reservoir inflow on flood maps
Authors: Gogoașe Nistoran Daniela Elena , Ionescu Cristina Sorana , Simionescu Ștefan Mugur
Published: November 2023

Different scenarios of an arch-dam breach and their impact on the time-space evolution of flood waves are analysed using numerical modelling. As the accidents involving this type of dam are among the most catastrophic ones, the 108 m in height Paltinu arch-dam, Romania, was chosen as a case study due to its problems in the past. Three dam breach magnitudes and two inflow hydrographs for the worst-case scenario of Normal Operating Pool elevation in the reservoir were chosen as variable parameters, to assess their influence on the dam break wave characteristics and downstream flooded areas. The flood was routed along the 18 km reach of the Doftana River down to the confluence with the Prahova River. A 2D numerical model was set up with the help of HEC-RAS software, which was also used to analyse the resulting hazard maps under a GIS environment. Comparison of inundation boundary, maximum depths and velocities, as well as the arrival time at control sections allow for conclusions to be drawn. These predictive results of shape, magnitude, and time to peak of the flood waves are essential for flood risk management to obtain the risk maps, estimated damage costs, and possible affected areas.
Insights into karst groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics and spatial evolution in the Jinan karst aquifer system, northern China
Authors: Liu Dan , Tian Chanjuan , Chen Xuequn , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Xin , Wang Zezheng , Xu Dandan , Chang Yawen
Published: November 2023

Karst aquifers are strategically important as they supply domestic water and are a resource for irrigation and industry in northern China. The heterogeneity of the karst aquifer medium makes it vulnerable to external influences. Here, samples of surface water and groundwater in a typical karst groundwater system of Jinan (China) were collected in December 2021, and the sample data were analyzed to further elucidate the hydrogeochemical processes. Results showed that the predominant water chemical type is HCO3-Ca, with a lesser proportion of type HCO3·SO4-Ca and SO4-Ca. The dominant water–rock interactions comprise the dissolution of carbonate minerals, gypsum, and halite and ion exchange. Dissolution/precipitation of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum determines the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and SO42-. In terms of spatial distribution, the indirect and direct recharge areas are dominated by calcite dissolution, followed by dolomite dissolution, and are prone to ion exchange. The hydrogeochemical formation mechanism of the discharge area is more complicated by other hydrochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. These results provide guidance for global karst groundwater resource management and pollution prevention.
Hydrodynamic cavitation-enhanced activation of sodium percarbonate for estrogen removal
Authors: Odehnalová Klára , Přibilová Petra , Maršálková Eliška , Zezulka Štěpán , Pochylý František , Rudolf Pavel , Maršálek Blahoslav
Published: November 2023

The present paper investigated the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as an effective tool for activating sodium percarbonate (SPC). The method's efficiency was demonstrated by effectively removing estrogens, which are pollutants that have adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effects of the SPC concentration, temperature of solution, and cavitation time were evaluated. After SPC/HC treatment, the removal of estrogens was monitored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC -MS/MS). Already after 4 s of treatment and 24 h of reaction time, more than 97% of estrogens (initial concentration of 300 ng/L) were removed. The effect of post-treatment time is not considered in several papers, even though it seems to be crucial and is discussed here. The results were supported by the values of degradation rate constants, which fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. We also verified that HC alone was not effective for estrogen removal under the selected conditions. The sustainability of the SPC/HC system was evaluated based on electric energy per order calculation. The combination of SPC and HC is a promising approach for rapidly degrading micropollutants such as estrogenic compounds without the need for additional technological steps, such as pH or temperature adjustment.
Histeryczny realizm, fantastyka, postmodernizm: Niewyczerpany żart (Infinite Jest) Davida Fostera Wallace’a
Authors: Stasiewicz Piotr
Published: November 2023

The paper is an analysis of some peculiar aspects of David Foster Wallace’s most famous novel, Infinite Jest, concerning particularly the novel’s approach towards traditional realistic and fantastic literary strategies and a general literary worldbuilding. One particularly emphasized aspect of Infinite Jest is its connection with postmodernism regarded as a strategy of subversion of reader’s habits created by 20th century realistic and fantastic literary conventions. The novel’s unclear and problematic worldbuilding is explained as Wallace’s inclination towards literary irony and also as a typical postmodern strategy of parodying “honorable” literary forms and a general disregard of literature of “themes” and “meaning” in favor of emphasizing of act of reading in itself.
„Il vento del Baltico”: dagli scioperi di Danzica al riconoscimento di Solidarność, la Polonia del Corriere della Sera (luglio–agosto 1980)
Authors: B e l l i f e m i n e Onofrio
Published: November 2023

This work describes how Corriere della Sera reported the great workers’ strikes in Gdansk (August 1980). The Polish events immediately attracted the attention of the Italian press also due to the important role played by Pope John Paul II. Corriere della Sera, one of the oldest and most important Italian newspapers is the point of reference for the moderate liberal bourgeoisie. Thanks to the work of reporters and intellectuals such as vittorio Zucconi, Sandro Scabello, Leo valiani, enzo Biagi, Alberto ronchey has recounted these events in an absolutely interesting and original way.
Z podróży włoskiej. Fra Angelico . Wniebowzięcie – o nieznanym wierszu Marii Konopnickiej z cyklu „Madonna”
Authors: Zwolińska Anna
Published: November 2023

The article admonishes a forgotten and poorly recognised poem by Maria Konopnicka entitled „Fra Angelico. Wniebowzięcie”, which was first published in „Biblioteka Warszawska” in 1898 with the poet’s annotation: „Z cyklu Madonna”. Konopnicka included the above-mentioned lyrical cycle in the poetic volume „Italia”. The author of the article insists on a reminder of the poem and puts forward research hypotheses concerning possible reasons for konopnicka’s resignation from the „Fra Angelico. Wniebowzięcie” lyric in the „Italia” volume published in 1901. This work is not mentioned by „Nowy Korbut”, nor by Jan Czubek in his edition of the poet’s works - it can therefore be considered an unknown poem by Maria Konopnicka.
Otredad estatal desde el contractualismo clásico: propuestas iniciales desde Hobbes, Locke y Rousseau
Authors: Muñoz Escutia Jesús Margarito
Published: November 2023

La presente reflexión tiene como objetivo conocer a través de la noción de Otredad como categoría filosófica, las diversas concepciones que puedan ser encontradas con relación a la idea del otro, al momento de configurarse y establecerse el naciente Estado Político Moderno como meditación filosófica, particularmente desde las ideas de algunos de los grandes fundadores, de las teorías contractualistas: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke y Jean-Jacques Rousseau. El camino elegido ante tal travesía, es el método hermenéutico en cuanto al análisis y reflexión de diversos textos base de cada autor, meditando e indagando el mostrar en la propuesta de las figuras de la otredad encontradas, que tales elementos son importantes sus análisis dentro de las diversas meditaciones del Estado, particularmente desde las cavilaciones de la Filosofía política, pues al configurar la forma en la cual se ha de dirigir y organizar la esfera política y social (aunque existen más), las nociones de la otredad estatal serán fundamentales para poder entender tales concepciones, como también la forma en la cual se irá nombrando y encasillando al diferente de mí, al otro pero que va siendo participe de los efectos del contrato social.
COVID -19
Authors: Nagaraj Ambika
Published: November 2023

Corona is a single-stranded RNA virus that has been around since the late
1960s when it was first discovered. The Nidovirales order includes the Corona viridae
family of viruses. The crown-shaped spikes on the virus structure's outer surface inspire
the name Corona. The virus has affected chickens and pigs, but there hasn't been a
significant human-to-human transmission. The virus's mode of communication and
other related information are continually updated every few weeks, increasing
uncertainty. A Chinese study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant
psychological impact on more than half of the participants. One more ongoing review
from Denmark revealed mental prosperity as adversely impacted. According to the
American Psychiatric Association's survey, nearly half of Americans were anxious.
The chapter details the disease, its symptoms and measures taken.
Risk Perception, Acceptance, and Trust of Using AI in Gastroenterology Practice in the Asia-Pacific Region: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Goh Wilson WB , Chia Kendrick YA , Cheung Max FK , Kee Kalya M , Lwin May O , Schulz Peter J , Chen Minhu , Wu Kaichun , Ng Simon SM , Lui Rashid , Ang Tiing Leong , Yeoh Khay Guan , Chiu Han-mo , Wu Deng-chyang , Sung Joseph JY
Published: November 2023

Background

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize health care, but this raises risk concerns. It is therefore crucial to understand how clinicians trust and accept AI technology. Gastroenterology, by its nature of being an image-based and intervention-heavy specialty, is an area where AI-assisted diagnosis and management can be applied extensively.

Objective

This study aimed to study how gastroenterologists or gastrointestinal surgeons accept and trust the use of AI in computer-aided detection (CADe), computer-aided characterization (CADx), and computer-aided intervention (CADi) of colorectal polyps in colonoscopy.

Methods

We conducted a web-based questionnaire from November 2022 to January 2023, involving 5 countries or areas in the Asia-Pacific region. The questionnaire included variables such as background and demography of users; intention to use AI, perceived risk; acceptance; and trust in AI-assisted detection, characterization, and intervention. We presented participants with 3 AI scenarios related to colonoscopy and the management of colorectal polyps. These scenarios reflect existing AI applications in colonoscopy, namely the detection of polyps (CADe), characterization of polyps (CADx), and AI-assisted polypectomy (CADi).

Results

In total, 165 gastroenterologists and gastrointestinal surgeons responded to a web-based survey using the structured questionnaire designed by experts in medical communications. Participants had a mean age of 44 (SD 9.65) years, were mostly male (n=116, 70.3%), and mostly worked in publicly funded hospitals (n=110, 66.67%). Participants reported relatively high exposure to AI, with 111 (67.27%) reporting having used AI for clinical diagnosis or treatment of digestive diseases. Gastroenterologists are highly interested to use AI in diagnosis but show different levels of reservations in risk prediction and acceptance of AI. Most participants (n=112, 72.72%) also expressed interest to use AI in their future practice. CADe was accepted by 83.03% (n=137) of respondents, CADx was accepted by 78.79% (n=130), and CADi was accepted by 72.12% (n=119). CADe and CADx were trusted by 85.45% (n=141) of respondents and CADi was trusted by 72.12% (n=119). There were no application-specific differences in risk perceptions, but more experienced clinicians gave lesser risk ratings.

Conclusions

Gastroenterologists reported overall high acceptance and trust levels of using AI-assisted colonoscopy in the management of colorectal polyps. However, this level of trust depends on the application scenario. Moreover, the relationship among risk perception, acceptance, and trust in using AI in gastroenterology practice is not straightforward.
Reconsidering the Use of Population Health Surveys for Monitoring of Mental Health (Preprint)
Authors: Arias de la Torre Jorge , Vilagut Gemma , Ronaldson Amy , Bakolis Ioannis , Dregan Alex , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Pérez Katherine , Szücs Anna , Bartoll-Roca Xavier , Molina Antonio J , Elices Matilde , Pérez-Solá Víctor , Martín Vicente , Serrano-Blanco Antoni , Valderas Jose M , Alonso Jordi
Published: November 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Monitoring of the mental health status of the population and assessment of its determinants are 2 of the most relevant pillars of public mental health, and data from population health surveys could be instrumental to support them. Although these surveys could be an important and suitable resource for these purposes, due to different limitations and challenges, they are often relegated to the background behind other data sources, such as electronic health records. These limitations and challenges include those related to measurement properties and cross-cultural validity of the tools used for the assessment of mental disorders, their degree of representativeness, and possible difficulties in the linkage with other data sources. Successfully addressing these limitations could significantly increase the potential of health surveys in the monitoring of mental disorders and ultimately maximize the impact of the relevant policies to reduce their burden at the population level. The widespread use of data from population health surveys, ideally linked to electronic health records data, would enhance the quality of the information available for research, public mental health decision-making, and ultimately addressing the growing burden of mental disorders.
Fight Against the Mandatory COVID-19 Immunity Passport on Twitter: Natural Language Processing Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gable Jessica S M , Sauvayre Romy , Chauvière Cédric
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

To contain and curb the spread of COVID-19, the governments of countries around the world have used different strategies (lockdown, mandatory vaccination, immunity passports, voluntary social distancing, etc).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the reactions produced by the public announcement of a binding political decision presented by the president of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, on July 12, 2021, which imposed vaccination on caregivers and an immunity passport on all French people to access restaurants, cinemas, bars, and so forth.

METHODS

To measure these announcement reactions, 901,908 unique tweets posted on Twitter (Twitter Inc) between July 12 and August 11, 2021, were extracted. A neural network was constructed to examine the arguments of the tweets and to identify the types of arguments used by Twitter users.

RESULTS

This study shows that in the debate about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports, mostly “con” arguments (399,803/847,725, 47%; χ26=952.8; P<.001) and “scientific” arguments (317,156/803,583, 39%; χ26=5006.8; P<.001) were used.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that during July and August 2021, social events permeating the public sphere and discussions about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports collided on Twitter. Moreover, a political decision based on scientific arguments led citizens to challenge it using pseudoscientific arguments contesting the effectiveness of vaccination and the validity of these political decisions.

CLINICALTRIAL
Using Large Language Models to Detect and Understand Drug Discontinuation Events in Web-Based Forums: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Trevena William , Zhong Xiang , Alvarado Michelle , Semenov Alexander , Oktay Alp , Devlin Devin , Gohil Aarya Yogesh , Chittimouju Sai Harsha
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The implementation of large language models (LLMs), such as BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers) and GPT-4, has revolutionized the extraction of insights from unstructured text. These advancements have expanded into health care, allowing analysis of social media for public health insights. However, the detection of drug discontinuation events (DDEs) remains underexplored. Identifying DDEs is crucial for understanding medication adherence and patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to provide a flexible framework for investigating various clinical research questions in data-sparse environments. We provide an example of the utility of this framework by identifying DDEs and their root causes in an open-source web-based forum, MedHelp, and by releasing the first open-source DDE datasets to aid further research in this domain.

METHODS

We used several LLMs, including GPT-4 Turbo, GPT-4o, DeBERTa (Decoding-Enhanced Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer with Disentangled Attention), and BART, among others, to detect and determine the root causes of DDEs in user comments posted on MedHelp. Our study design included the use of zero-shot classification, which allows these models to make predictions without task-specific training. We split user comments into sentences and applied different classification strategies to assess the performance of these models in identifying DDEs and their root causes.

RESULTS

Among the selected models, GPT-4o performed the best at determining the root causes of DDEs, predicting only 12.9% of root causes incorrectly (hamming loss). Among the open-source models tested, BART demonstrated the best performance in detecting DDEs, achieving an F1-score of 0.86, a false positive rate of 2.8%, and a false negative rate of 6.5%, all without any fine-tuning. The dataset included 10.7% (107/1000) DDEs, emphasizing the models’ robustness in an imbalanced data context.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of open- and closed-source LLMs, such as GPT-4o and BART, for detecting DDEs and their root causes from publicly accessible data through zero-shot classification. The robust and scalable framework we propose can aid researchers in addressing data-sparse clinical research questions. The launch of open-access DDE datasets has the potential to stimulate further research and novel discoveries in this field.
Influence of patients’ communication device choice and other objective patient-related factors on remote consultations: analysis from a rheumatology quality improvement initiative (Preprint)
Authors: Hannides Michael , Wig Surabhi , Vasireddy Sreekanth
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Previously, opinion-based studies and surveys have suggested possible impact of patient-related factors on remote consultations. However, there is paucity of objective data to support these subjective perceptions. When the COVID-19 pandemic started, our service switched to remote consultations using a quality improvement approach.

OBJECTIVE

In this analysis, we aimed to study the role of objective factors related to patients, including patients’ choice of communication device, in these remote consultations.

METHODS

A data collection form was designed to collect information regarding the consultations and a form was completed after each consultation. On the form, clinicians also rated effectiveness of specific components of consultation process (time adequate, relevant history, physical examination, management plan and communication quality) on Numerical Rating Scales (NRS, 0-10). Data were collated on a MS Access database and analysed using SPSS.

RESULTS

Of 285 valid forms, 193 were women. Patients’ age or gender were not associated with any NRS, or discharge or subsequent face-to-face appointment. New patients were younger (mean 52.9 vs 60.6 years, P=0.012), and scored significantly lower for relevant history (mean 8.0 vs 8.9, P<0.001), management plan (4.8 vs 7.8, P<0.001), and communication quality (6.6 vs 8.4, P<0.001), but not physical examination (1.2 vs 1.7, P=0.86). New patients had higher rate of subsequent face-to-face appointment (OR 5.49, 2.7-11.1, P<0.001); however, once adjusted for management plan, this was no longer significant (adjusted OR 1.19, 0.48-2.92, P=0.71). Interpreter usage had lower scores for relevant history (7.1 vs 8.8, P=0.012) and communication quality (5.4 vs 8.1, P=0.002). Patient’s choice of communication device had significant associations with mean age (P<0.001), Physical Exam scale (P<0.001), and subsequent face-to-face appointment (P=0.030).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients’ age and gender did not influence our remote consultations. Higher rate of subsequent face-to-face appointment among new patients was related to reduced ability to plan management rather than lack of physical examination alone. Interpreter use, and patients’ choice of communication device had significant influences on our remote consultations, and further studies could inform future recommendations.
Artificial Intelligence–Augmented Clinical Decision Support Systems for Pregnancy Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Xinnian , Liang Chen , Liu Jihong , Lyu Tianchu , Ghumman Nadia , Campbell Berry
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Despite the emerging application of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) in pregnancy care and the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) over the last decade, it remains understudied regarding the role of AI in CDSS specialized for pregnancy care.

OBJECTIVE

To identify and synthesize AI-augmented CDSS in pregnancy care, CDSS functionality, AI methodologies, and clinical implementation, we reported a systematic review based on empirical studies that examined AI-augmented CDSS in pregnancy care.

METHODS

We retrieved studies that examined AI-augmented CDSS in pregnancy care using database queries involved with titles, abstracts, keywords, and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. Bibliographic records from their inception to 2022 were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE (n=206), Embase (n=101), and ACM Digital Library (n=377), followed by eligibility screening and literature review. The eligibility criteria include empirical studies that (1) developed or tested AI methods, (2) developed or tested CDSS or CDSS components, and (3) focused on pregnancy care. Data of studies used for review and appraisal include title, abstract, keywords, MeSH terms, full text, and supplements. Publications with ancillary information or overlapping outcomes were synthesized as one single study. Reviewers independently reviewed and assessed the quality of selected studies.

RESULTS

We identified 30 distinct studies of 684 studies from their inception to 2022. Topics of clinical applications covered AI-augmented CDSS from prenatal, early pregnancy, obstetric care, and postpartum care. Topics of CDSS functions include diagnostic support, clinical prediction, therapeutics recommendation, and knowledge base.

CONCLUSIONS

Our review acknowledged recent advances in CDSS studies including early diagnosis of prenatal abnormalities, cost-effective surveillance, prenatal ultrasound support, and ontology development. To recommend future directions, we also noted key gaps from existing studies, including (1) decision support in current childbirth deliveries without using observational data from consequential fetal or maternal outcomes in future pregnancies; (2) scarcity of studies in identifying several high-profile biases from CDSS, including social determinants of health highlighted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; and (3) chasm between internally validated CDSS models, external validity, and clinical implementation.

CLINICALTRIAL
Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Smart Speakers in Behavioral Intervention Research With Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Quinn Kelly , Leiser Ransom Sarah , O'Connell Carrie , Muramatsu Naoko , Marquez David X , Chin Jessie
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Smart speakers, such as Amazon’s Echo and Google’s Nest Home, combine natural language processing with a conversational interface to carry out everyday tasks, like playing music and finding information. Easy to use, they are embraced by older adults, including those with limited physical function, vision, or computer literacy. While smart speakers are increasingly used for research purposes (eg, implementing interventions and automatically recording selected research data), information on the advantages and disadvantages of using these devices for studies related to health promotion programs is limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of using smart speakers to deliver a physical activity (PA) program designed to help older adults enhance their physical well-being.

METHODS

Community-dwelling older adults (n=18) were asked to use a custom smart speaker app to participate in an evidence-based, low-impact PA program for 10 weeks. Collected data, including measures of technology acceptance, interviews, field notes, and device logs, were analyzed using a concurrent mixed analysis approach. Technology acceptance measures were evaluated using time series ANOVAs to examine acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and intention to adopt smart speaker technology. Device logs provided evidence of interaction with and adoption of the device and the intervention. Interviews and field notes were thematically coded to triangulate the quantitative measures and further expand on factors relating to intervention fidelity.

RESULTS

Smart speakers were found to be acceptable for administering a PA program, as participants reported that the devices were highly usable (mean 5.02, SE 0.38) and had strong intentions to continue their use (mean 5.90, SE 0.39). Factors such as the voice-user interface and engagement with the device on everyday tasks were identified as meaningful to acceptability. The feasibility of the devices for research activity, however, was mixed. Despite the participants rating the smart speakers as easy to use (mean 5.55, SE 1.16), functional and technical factors, such as Wi-Fi connectivity and appropriate command phrasing, required the provision of additional support resources to participants and potentially impaired intervention fidelity.

CONCLUSIONS

Smart speakers present an acceptable and appropriate behavioral intervention technology for PA programs directed at older adults but entail additional requirements for resource planning, technical support, and troubleshooting to ensure their feasibility for the research context and for fidelity of the intervention.
Research on the Current Situation and Development Trend of Computer Network Communication in the New Era
Authors: Duan Min
Published: November 2023

With the increasing social demand for information, computer network communication is also developing. The development of social economic and cultural activities in the information age cannot be separated from the support of computer network communication. In today's society, the network has penetrated into all fields of society, and the application scope of computer network communication technology has expanded significantly, providing a strong support for the development of emerging industries and social and economic progress. The development of computer network has brought great convenience to people's life. The integration of computer network technology and communication technology will meet people's needs to a greater extent. Therefore, computer network communication will be the trend of the new era, and the integration of the two is of great significance to the development of computer network. This paper analyzes the development status of computer network communication in the new period, introduces the development trend of computer network communication in the new period, and lays a good foundation for the improvement of computer network communication technology.
Optical Fiber Communication Technology and Its Application in Power Communication
Authors: Duan Min
Published: November 2023

In the background of the rapid development of China's power communication industry, the development level of optical fiber communication technology is constantly improving, which reflects the higher application value in the power communication system. Giving full play to the role of optical fiber communication technology can effectively improve the operating efficiency of power communication system, fully meet the actual needs of our people, and provide favorable support for the social development of our country. In view of this, this paper analyzes the application of optical fiber communication technology in power communication, hoping to provide an effective reference for the further development of power communication industry.