bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Fast Foods Consumption Attitude among Secondary High School Students, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
Authors: Fazelpour Shokooh , Hoseini Narjes , Farzaneh Zahra , Shamsi Farimah , Sardari Farzaneh , Nikukaran Jalal
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Healthy and nutritional habits are formed and consolidated during adolescence. So this research has been done in Ardakan-Yazd province on high school students' attitude to fast food use.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 students have been chosen by stratified sampling method and the data was collected by a questionnaire which approved its reliability and validity. All the descriptive data has been analyzed by SPSS 16 software through Chi-square experiment and ANOVA tests. 
Results: The results of the experiment determined that 55% of the students were female, and 93% were single. The students' BMI was as follow: 22% thin (BMI< 18.5) 56% normal (18.5≤ BMI< 25) 14.5% overweight (25≤ BMI< 30) 6.5% fat (obese) (BMI ≥30).The female has a positive attitude to fast foods (P= 0.03). The mean attitude score for eating fast food in 17-18 years old group was more than 15-16 years old students (P= 0.001). The mean attitude score also showed that the single students were more eager to eat fast foods than the married students (P= 0.001)
Conclusion: Most of the people who use fast foods are low educated, teenagers, youth and singles. On the other hand, social media like TV and radio and family has a significant effect on correct nutritional habits. So improving family's attitudes and educating students and teachers by social media can help in transferring data to the students and their teachers.
Investigating and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Health Literacy in University Students of Yazd Using Artificial Neural Network Technique
Authors: Shekari Hamideh
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Current university students are potential and actual parents of future generations. The level of their health literacy affects health and health literacy level of future generations. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was investigating and prioritizing the factors affecting the health literacy of students in Yazd (a city in central Iran) using an artificial neural network technique.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive and it was conducted on 400 university students in Yazd during autumn 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire on health literacy and 14 independent variables. Data were analyzed with SPSS software via descriptive statistics, one sample T-test, and artificial neural network.
Results: The mean of students' health literacy was 80.65±12.21. The most important factors affecting the level of students' health literacy were the grade, college, father's education level, age, and residence.
Conclusion: Since grade had the greatest impact on health literacy of students, it is suggested that university officials consider the campus to hold classes, lectures, workshops and distribute appropriate resources such as brochures, booklets among students and also provide health information stations at locations such as dining room, university entrance, and dormitory to promote students' health literacy in lower grades
Gender Differences in Children Mental Health Disorders after Earthquakes in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Salmani Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Earthquake occurs in the world every year and Iran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world with the ranking of 15 between 120 countries. Children are the most vulnerable group in disasters and they have a number of negative symptoms after a disaster.
Methods: This study used the systematic review method and followed systematic review principles. Mental health, earthquake, psychosocial, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, and stress were the keywords used to search in the Iranian scientific information database (SID), Noor Specialized Magazines (Noormags) and Google Scholar. The language of the search was Farsi and just Farsi articles were included in the review.
Results: The result were presented in five sections (Psychosocial interventions, Signs of disorder, Gender, Age, Geographical area). It showed psychosocial interventions of those studied in reviewed papers were effective and there were gender differences in children mental health disorders after earthquakes in Iran. In addition, PTSD group, girls reported all the symptoms of PTSD more than the boys except anger symptoms, but the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in males was higher than in girls.
Conclusion: Iranian studies just focused on male and female gender and found that disorders are higher in girls of different ages in childhood. In the age group of 13 to 18 years, the frequency of each disorder was less than that of the seven to twelve-year old group.
Disaster Psychological Rehabilitation by the Sustainable Development Approach in Iran
Authors: Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Dehghani Tafti Abbas Ali , Aminharati Farzaneh
Published: March 2019

Abstract not available.
Operational Teams' Preparation in Environmental Health Rapid Response: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Response to the Earthquake Scenario (Designing an Exercise)
Authors: Jalou Zahra , Nouri Mohsen , Rohani-Rasaf Marzieh , Roohani- Majd Somaieh , Dashti Mohammad , Abbas Zadeh Mina , Fallah Saeed , Firooznia Rozita , Danaei Nima
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Natural disasters are usually a series of unpredictable incidents, which do not originate from humans. With regard to the occurrence of unexpected factors such as earthquakes, floods, and fires, individual and social preparations must be increased in the crisis management.
Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the preparation of operational teams to provide an effective response to earthquakes. The statistical population included the experts of environmental health and disaster risk reduction management in the healthcare centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were categorized into 20 operational teams. The necessary equipment of the participating teams was evaluated by checklists.
Results: The results showed that 76.2 percent of the teams had the required equipment to control the drinking water and dispose the wastewater. Furthermore, 58 percent had the required equipment for disasters' conditions and 78.1 percent had the equipment to spray and disinfect in the emergency situations. In addition, about 90 percent of the vehicles used in training were appropriate for emergencies, 95 percent of teams observed the standards to setup tents, deployed the equipment, and had the needed proficiency skills. Moreover, 81.3 percent of the operational team authorities had sufficient skills to work with technical equipment.
Conclusion: The presence of teams in the response phase in the East Azerbaijan earthquake in 2011 and the acquisition of field experiences led to their technical coherence, made them familiar with facilities, and equipped the operational teams. We suggest the authorities to conduct executive training according to the designed twice a year based on the response plan of the deputy of health department two times a year.
The Regional assessment of the implementation of wheat flour fortification in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Al Jawaldeh Ayoub Eid
Published: March 2019

Background: Wheat flour fortification is a preventive food-based approach aimed at reducing vitamin and mineral deficiencies or insufficiencies and their consequences. Fortification of industrially processed wheat flour, when appropriately implemented, is a simple, inexpensive and effective strategy for supplying vitamins and minerals to large segments of the world’s population.

Objectives:

The main objective of the study was to assess the current state of wheat flour fortification in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, identify common challenges and lessons learned from country experiences, outline the latest guidance on best practices, and make recommendations to advance appropriate wheat flour fortification in the Region.

Methods:

A questionnaire was designed to assess progress on the implementation of flour fortification in the Eastern Mediterranean Region according to key indicators. The questionnaire was circulated to the nutrition focal points within the Ministry of Health (MOH) in all countries of the Region. The data were extracted, analyzed and discussed in a regional Workshop organized by WHO in 2017.  Data were verified or gaps were filled through other potential resources, such as MOH websites, WHO, World Bank, the Food Fortification Initiative and CDC.

Results:

The study shows that flour fortification has been widely used in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Most countries (17 of 22 in the Region) have some coverage of wheat flour fortified with iron and folic acid, and this is mandatory in 11 countries. Eight countries fortify flour with B-vitamins. Fortification with vitamin D, vitamin A and zinc is currently rare (two countries in each case). Quality control and monitoring of wheat flour is still a big challenge in all countries.

Conclusion and recommendations:

Considerable progress has been made in tackling micronutrient deficiencies, and wheat flour fortification has contributed to this. However, given that micronutrient deficiencies persist in the Region further progress is needed. Furthermore, countries need to review their policies and practices to ensure that they are in line with WHO guidance on best practice and that wheat flour fortification is being appropriately implemented.
Can Oxidative Stress Induced by Obstructive Jaundice be Improved by Iloprost? An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Bayraktar Onur , Bayraktar Barış , Erenler Ilknur
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims: Iloprost is a synthetic analogue of epoprostenol which is synthesized by endotelial cells from arachidonic acid. We aimed to evaluate presumed hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of iloprost in experimentally created obstructive jaundice in rats.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (S) (n=8); after sham operation, iloprost administered (SI) group (n = 8); obstructive jaundice (OJ) group (n=8); iloprost administered and obstructive jaundice group (OJI) (n=8). The rats were sacrified ten days after the induction of obstructive jaundice. Blood levels of isoprostane, protein carbonyl, lipid hydroperoxide and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured.

Results: Levels of the oxidative stress products including protein carbonyl [mean, (40.46 versus 24.7 nmol/ml, p=0.005)], lipid hydroperoxide [mean, (5.11 versus 1.85 Mmol/ml,p=0.001)] and 8-OHdG[mean, (1.53 versus 1.13 ng/ml, p=0.03)] in the OJI group were significantly lower than the OJ group.

Conclusion: Iloprost supports antioxidant activity in obstructive jaundice without causing further liver damage in rats.
GAS Political public space in the satire theatre case study on the performance eyayu fenges” Ethiopian satire theater
Authors: Sinshaw Girmaw Ashebir , Sumaryadi Drs.
Published: March 2019

Abstract፡ This article aims to describe about the techniques of make understanding for the space of audience or target group in the satire drama in the stage. The researcher would watch the theater in YouTube and in the stage and also read the script which written by Bereket Belayneh in the type of satire drama, its function in terms of political and social issues. In the addition to the above mentioned these script and play must show the use of satire for political and social criticism for the audience clearly with easy understanding. The other thing that plays show transmitted of the message to the higher officials in the comic entertaining way to the audience of the satire drama. Besides techniques, purpose and different features of satire has investigated from the relevant references. Its researcher mainly has shown the technique of making understand for the audience that have been watched the satire theater on the stage. Bereket Belayneh and Girum Zenebe Eyayu fenges Ethiopian Satire Theater focusing on political satire to find the satire and comic elements used in the humor in order to ridicule the political evils and suggest solutions with in artistically color. The primary sources of this article are Bereket Belayneh and Girum zenebe Eyayu fenges Ethiopian Satire Theater. It’s have used as methodology a qualitative descriptive analysis and have use the document study which is that in library, research digital media sites and the relative relevant materials.
Looking for Employees Efficiency? Change the System through Value Stream Mapping
Authors: K. Jayantha , D. P. Tharangani
Published: March 2019

Inefficiency’ is considered as a buzz word with regard to the administration system of government organisations (ASGO) in Sri Lanka.  Within a context of increasing annual budgetary allocation in each year, the universities are equipped with modern facilities such as information technology and continuously doing researches in different levels, conduct workshops to train employees and continuously recruit educated people. As like as the other government sectors, government universities experience inefficiency in different levels and different volumes. The inefficiency of ASGO in Sri Lanka would negatively impact on the brand identity of each organization and this study aimed to develop an efficient leave management process (LMP) for the government-university system in Sri Lanka. The key objective of the study was to propose a process map with lesser lead time instead of existing LMP of the university. The specific objectives were to recognize the existing LMP, to measure the lead time of the existing LMP, to understand the existing rules and procedures belong to leave management process and to measure the lead time of the proposed leave management process. Sample data were collected from the existing leave management process of the university in the last three years and simple statistical tools such as mean values and percentage values were associated in the analyzing process of the study. The results showed that there was a waste due to unnecessary processes and practices in the existing process and therefore it leads to inefficiency. The proposed Value Stream Map (VSM) shows lesser lead time to improve the efficiency of the LMP and then the efficiency in ASGO.
İşyerinde Psikolojik Yıldırma Olgusunun Çalışan Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi: MOSB’de Bir Saha Araştırması
Authors: Seçkin Halaç Duygu , Güloğlu Cansu
Published: March 2019

1980’lerden beri gelişmiş ülkelerde araştırılmakta olan işyerlerinde
uygulanan psikolojik yıldırma (mobbing) son yıllarda ülkemizde de dikkat çeken
bir kavram haline gelmiştir. İşyerlerinde ortaya çıkan bu durumun çalışanlar,
örgüt ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri düşünüldüğünde dikkatle ele
alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, psikolojik yıldırma olgusunu incelemeyi ve
psikolojik yıldırma davranışları ile çalışan verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi
ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde
beyaz yaka (ofis) çalışanlar üzerinde bir saha araştırması gerçekleştirilmiş olup,
psikolojik saldırı bileşenlerinden ilişkiye ve yapılan işe saldırılara maruz
kalan çalışanların verimliliğinin beklenenin aksine arttığı yönünde bulgulara
ulaşılmıştır.
Çin’in Yükselişi, İpek Yolu Projesi ve Küresel Sistemin Dönüşme Potansiyeli
Authors: Tekir Osman , Demir Nesrin
Published: March 2019

Çin’in
1980’lerden itibaren olağanüstü büyümesi ve modernleşmesi dünya sahnesinin
merkezinde yeniden ortaya çıkmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Son otuz yıl
içinde Çin, zayıf görünüme sahip bir ülkeden ekonomik olarak küresel bir üretim
merkezine, siyasal olarak da uluslararası meselelerde görüşlerine başvurulması
gereken bir küresel güce dönüşmüştür. Özellikle 2013 yılında Çin devlet Başkanı
Xi Jinping’in “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi” (BRI) olarak adlandırılan projenin hayata
geçirileceğini ilan etmesiyle birlikte Yeni İpek Yolu’nun yeni bir küresel
düzen gerektireceği konusu gündeme gelmiştir.

Yeni
İpek Yolu girişiminin kapsamı ve amaçları göz önüne alındığında, Çin gelişimini
ve modernleşmesini tamamlayacak, tek kutupluluktan çok kutupluluğa geçişi
kolaylaştıracak, dolayısıyla bugünün hegemon gücü Amerika Birleşik
Devletleri’ni dengeleyebilecek bir proje olduğu dile getirilmektedir. Şüphesiz
bu da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile rekabetin yoğunluğunu arttıracak bir
unsur olacaktır. Bu rekabetin de küresel düzeyde etkileri olacaktır.
Severe depression and rhabdomyolysis as “masks” of primary hypothyroidism: clinical cases
Authors: Kulagina T. I. , Koriakova N. V. , Rodionova O. A. , Vezikova N. N. , Kannoeva I. I.
Published: March 2019

Rationale: Primary hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders. Difficulties in its diagnosis are related to the lack of specific and pathognomonic clinical symptoms of the disease. It is not infrequent that before the right diagnosis is made, patients with hypothyroidism go a  long way of examinations and consultations of various specialists; we have illustrated this by two clinical cases.

Clinical case No. 1 was a 69-year old woman with a  late diagnosis of severe primary hypothyroidism. Despite the presence of typical clinical signs of hypothyroidism, such as epidermal and edematous syndromes, encephalopathy, depression, and anemia, some clinical patterns (significant weight loss, ascites, low cholesterol, protein, electrolyte levels, and severe anemia) directed the diagnostic search towards oncology. It was the oncologist who was the first to suggest hypothyroidism that was later confirmed by high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Clinical case No. 2 was a case of hypothyroidism in a young man with a baseline history of kidney disease. Fatigue, myalgia, neurological abnormalities, cytolysis and hypercholesterolemia were the leading symptoms that progressed steadily and led to disability.

Conclusion: These clinical cases demonstrate the variety of clinical symptoms in manifest hypothyroidism and emphasize the significance of high awareness of this disorder among various medical specialties. It is of note that laboratory tests to diagnose primary hypothyroidism are very simple and available (high serum TSH level is enough for the diagnosis) and treatment with levothyroxine sodium is very effective.
Materiales educativos digitales para periodistas sobre gestión de riesgo de desastres: avances y limitaciones = Digital Educational Materials for journalist on disaster risk management. Advances and limitations
Authors: Manotas Salcedo Edna Margarita , Barrios Marta Milena , Arroyave Jesus , Vega Lina , García Josslyn
Published: March 2019

Resumen: A partir de un análisis de contenido realizado a 28 materiales educativos digitales para formar periodis­tas de Latinoamérica sobre el cubrimiento de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres entre 2012 y 2018, el presente artículo pretende establecer si el enfoque de dichos recursos pedagógicos es coherente con los lineamientos de las agencias internacionales para la formación de los reporteros, en el sentido de propiciar una cobertura adecuada del tema. De manera que corresponda al cambio de paradigma de la atención de desastres a la gestión del riesgo, en el cual se busca propiciar el conocimiento de los riesgos, la reducción y el manejo de los desastres. Los resultados del análisis identificaron avances y limitaciones en la construcción de los manuales, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con su pertinencia pedagógica como en la inclusión de temas centrales para la GRD. A partir de los hallazgos se ofrecen reflexiones para que se fortalezcan la formación de los periodistas en la GRD, con el fin de que favorezca una gestión prospec­tiva del riesgo y fortalezca el desarrollo social.Palabras clave: Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres; Recursos educativos digitales; Periodistas; Formación.Abstract: This article carried out a content analysis on 28 digital educational materials published between 2012 and 2018, to train Latin American journalists in Disaster Risk Management (DRM). The aim of the study was to establish whether the focus of these pedagogical resources was consistent with the guidelines of the international agencies for the education of the reporters. This, by generating a change in the way they are covering this issue. The main goal of this courses should be that the public journalistic discourse changes their traditional centrality on disasters and their attention to emergencies, as well as to start communica­ting prevention. The results of the analysis identified progress and limitations in the construction of the resources, both in what concerns their pedagogical relevance and in the inclusion of central themes for DRM. Based on the findings, reflections are offered on how these resources could be improved to fulfill their objective of contributing to a collective mobilization that favors prospective risk management and strengthens social development.Keywords: Disaster Risk Management; Educational Digital Resources; Journalists; Training.
El poder de la imagen de prensa. Análisis de la cobertura fotográfica de la crisis de refugiados en el periódico ABC = The power of the press photo. Analysis of the pictures coverage of the refugee crisis in the ABC newspaper
Authors: López Marrupe Isabel
Published: March 2019

Resumen: A finales de 2015, más de 65 millones de personas en el mundo se vieron obligadas a dejar sus hogares. Fue el año de los refugiados. También fue el año de la muerte de Aylan. La fotografía de su cuerpo inerte dio la vuelta al mundo y removió la conciencia colectiva de una sociedad inmune al sufrimiento de los demás. Fue un antes y un después en la cobertura mediática del conflicto. El objetivo de esta investigación es estu­diar cuál fue el efecto real de esta fotografía, y para ello analizaremos la cobertura fotográfica que realizó el diario ABC. A través este estudio comprobamos como la fotografía de Aylan consiguió cambiar el discurso del medio, aunque su efecto no perduró en el tiempo. Además de esto, el consumo masivo de imágenes provocó una falsa ilusión de verdad sobre el conflicto, al percibir tan solo una parte del mismo. Por último, comprobamos como la incorrecta utilización de los términos “refugiado” e “inmigrante” afecta negativamente a la imagen que la sociedad percibe de este conflicto humanitario. Un hecho de especial relevancia, teniendo en cuenta el servicio público que desempeñan los periodistas y los criterios éticos a los cuales está sujeto su trabajo.Palabras clave: Crisis de refugiados; Fotografía; Crisis humanitarias; Inmigración; Diario ABC.Abstract: In 2015 more than 65 million people around the world were forced to leave their homes. It was the refugees´s year. Also it was the year of Aylan’s death. The photograhy of his body went around the world and removed the collective consciousness of a society immune to the suffereing of others. It was a decisive change in the media coverage of conflict. The objective of this research is to study what was the effect of this picture. For this reason, we will analyze the coverage through pictures in the ABC newspaper. Through this study we verified how Aylan’s photography managed to change of newspapers discourse, but this effect didn´t last for too long. Apart from this the massive consumption of pictures caused a false illusion about the conflict, when actually citizens perceived only part of the complex conflict. Also, we prove how the incorrect use of the terms “refugee” and “immigrant” affects the negative image that the society perceives of this humanitarian conflict. A fact of special relevance considering the public service of the journalists and their ethical criteria.Keywords: Refugee crisis; Fotography; Humanitarian crisis; Immigration; ABC newspaper.
Ante la desinformación, mayor especialización = In response to misinformation: more specialization
Authors: Herrero Curiel Eva , Almendral Graziella
Published: March 2019

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ANALISIS FIQH FIQH KOTEMPORER TERHADAP “NYANDAK” MASYARAKAT SASAK
Authors: Musawwar Musawwar
Published: March 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang “Sandak” yaitu  salah satu bentuk muamalah yang lazim dikenal di kalangan masyarakat Sasak. Sandak merupakan bentuk transaksi yang bernilai ekonomis-komersial dalam upaya pemanfaatan lahan pertanian. Tidak ada padanan istilah yang fixed bagi Sandak dalam disiplin ilmu fiqh. Ada yang menyebutnya sebagai “pinjam uang pinjam tanah”, “jual beli sementara”, dan bahkan ada yang menyebutnya sebagai bentuk lain dari gadai.Sebenarnya tradisi Sandak bisa diklasifikasikan sebagai salah satu modus operandi praktek muamalah pada umunya, seperti jual beli, sewa-menyewa, pinjam meminjam, muzarah dan lain sebagainya. Namun, bila praktek sandak tersebut dibedah secara detail dengan teori al-Rahn (gadai), al-Qardh (pinjam meminjam), dan al-Riba dalam perspektf madzhab fiqh, maka akan ditemukan unsur-unsur yang kontroversial dan dilarang. Padahal muslim Sasak secara mayoritas adalah penganut setia madzhab Syafi’i. Di sinilah menariknya masalah ini untuk dikaji. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa masyarakat Sasak telah secara sadar atau tidak mengadopsi sistem bermadzhab secara eklektif (takhayyur). Mereka lebih memilih berlindung di balik pandangan madzhab Hanafi yang dirasa lebih akomodatif terhadap praktek Sandak. Dalam hal ini, ada dua model transaksi untuk melegalkan praktek sandak. Pertama, masyarakat mengambil opsi transaksi “permohonan izin dalam  penggarapan sawah” sebagai bentuk aqad sandak yang diakui  oleh mazhab Hanafi. Sementara cara yang lain adalah apa yang disebut dengan “Ba’y al-Wafa’” yaitu satu bentuk transaksi dalam rangka memenuhi hajat, dengan alasan “al-hajat tanzîl manzila al-dlarura ‘âmmah wa khâshshah”.

 

Kata Kunci:  Sandak, al-Rahn,  al-Qardl, al-Riba,  ba’y al-Wafa’, Hilah
RESILIENCY OF INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN EAST JAVA ON LABOR SUPPLY SHOCK AND QUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Hudaifah Ahmad
Published: March 2019

In this study by taking the East Java region as a case study, the research will focus on the resilience of the investment climate on labor fluctuations and the deterioration of infrastructure quality. The data used are at district and city level in East Java starting from year 2007 until year 2014 which is yearly. Dependent variable in this research is total investment (INVESTMENT) that enters into districts and cities in East Java in the form of foreign direct investment (PMA) and domestics investment (PMDN), while the independent variable is divided into two categories namely labor supply shock and infrastructure quality. To represent employment conditions, several independent variable were selected namely human development index (HDI), labor force participation rate (LFPR), and district / municipal minimum wage (UMK). The other independent variables representing the quality condition of the infrastructure consisted of good road length (ROAD), power supply electricity (electricity) and government expenditure on infrastructure (GMODAL). By using panel data regression analysis in 38 districts in East Java, it can be concluded that the coefficient of UMK that contradicts with the theory can be explained from the phenomenon of data where, the minimum wage increase of city districts start 2007 to 2013 slightly has impact on the total investment value. On the other hand, infrastructure variables such as roads, electricity and allocation of government funds do not significantly affect the value of investment in East Java.Keywords: Data Panel Regression, Fixed Effect Model, Minimum Wage and Infrastructure.
DESKRIPSI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI WARGA RT 05 RW 02 TANAH KALI KEDINDING SURABAYA
Authors: Anggriani Laily Mitha
Published: March 2019

Hypertension is a disease that is dangerous because it can lead to narrowing of the arteries until death occurs. The prevalence of hypertension during October 2015–February 2016, total of 259 cases in Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of hypertension in residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya. This research is a descriptive study with qualitative approach and design case studies. Total population taken a number of 125 families. The sampling method is purposive sampling as many as 95 respondents. The results showed that blood pressure are residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding of 150/90 mm Hg-170/80 mmHg (36.8%), have family history of hypertension (84.2%), lack of exercise (82.1%), smoking (66.3%), eating sweet foods (69.5%), salty foods (74.7%), fatty foods (71.6%), and good knowledge(68.4%). Conclusion of the study are residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya have high blood pressure and eating sweet foods, salty, and fatty foods. The residents should preferably be a routine health check to healthcare.Keywords: Hypertension, Consumption, Knowledge
Influence of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Et al. Atta
Published: March 2019

baumannii is an aerobic gram negative coccobacilli, it is considered multidrug resistance pathogen (MDR) and causes several infections that are difficult to treat. This study is aims to employ physical methods in sterilization and inactivation of A. baumannii, as an alternative way to reduce the using of drugs and antibiotics.

            Cold Atmospheric Plasma was generated by one electrode at 20KV, 4 power supply and distance between electrode and sample was fixed on 1mm. A. baumannii (ATCC 19704 and HHR1) were exposed to  Dielectric Barrier Discharge type of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (DBD-CAP) for several periods of time (15, 30, 45, and 60 sec.) . After sterilization test, several methods were done to analyze the effect of DBD-CAP on bacterial morphology, proteins and DNA. Change in morphology was assessed by cover slid method. Damaged DNA was investigated by PCR technique, and DNA sequencing. The impact of DBD-CAP on the entity of proteins was detected by SDS-PAGE. The observed inactivation of bacterial colony on agar plates has been quantified by measuring the inactivation diameter.

The important conclusion that HHR1 more resistance to DBD-CAP than ATCC 17904 because it is more virulence than standard strain; thus, the growth of both strains is largely affected by plasma and this influence is increased by increasing the time of exposure, also the plasma affects the DNA especially on standard strain as it is explained in sequencing result, so it causes more deletion in DNA sequence. In addition, plasma also has been showed to damage proteins and morphology thus, the bacterial cells transform from cocco-bacillus to bacillus.
Toxic Effects of Purified Microcystins from Soil Blue-Green Alga Oscillatoria pseudogeminata on Tomato Plant Lycopersicon esculentum
Authors: Et al. Al-Sultan
Published: March 2019

The current study included the isolation, purification and cultivation of blue-green alga Oscillatoria pseudogeminata G.Schmidle from soil using the BG-11liquid culture medium for 60 days of cultivation. The growth constant (k) and generation time (G) were measured which (K=0.144) and (G=2.09 days).

Microcystins were purified and determined qualitatively and quantitatively from this alga by using the technique of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa Kits). The alga showed the ability to produce microcystins in concentration reached 1.47 µg/L for each 50 mg DW. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) aged two months were irrigated with three concentrations of purified microcystins 0.5 , 3.0 and 6.0 µg/L for 24 days. The results showed that the highest bioaccumulation of these toxins was found in the plant group treated with concentration 6.0 μg/L, with an average of 12.278 µg/L in the entire plant body, with a daily accumulation rate of 0.511 µg/day compared with control group and other treatments (p≤0.05).

 The highly accumulation of  toxin was found in roots followed in descending order by stems and leaves respectively and were directly proportional to the increased concentration of purified microcystins. The study indicated that there were significant changes (p≤0.05) in the plant height, length of roots and surface area of the leaves and the leaves appeared pale green in color, which increased with increasing the concentration of purified toxin. The obtained results also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates and chlorophylls by increasing concentrations of purified toxins.
DNA Methylation Patterns of Interferon Gamma Gene Promoter and Serum Level in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Their Role in Prognosis
Authors: Et al. Zayr
Published: March 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important medical problem due to high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A series of innate immune mechanisms that create a cytokine network control the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and this response has the capacity to modify the host genomic DNA structure through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation which could constantly alter the local gene expression pattern that can modulate the metabolism of the tissues and the immune-response. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator of the innate immune response to TB. This study aims to determine DNA methylation patterns of INF-γ gene promoter and measure serum IFN- γ level in newly diagnosed TB patients, relapse TB patients, and healthy control, in order to study the possibility of using these as a biomarker for the prognosis of TB stages in patients. The current case-control study included 66 patients with TB and 33 healthy control subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood(PB) of included subjects and modified using sodium bisulfate specific kit. DNA methylation patterns of IFN-γ gene promoter was determine by using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR).Serum IFN-γ level  was determined using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay(ELISA). Results showed that percentages of DNA methylation patterns in normal controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (63.3%, 18.2% and 21.2% respectively). Also, higher significant differences (P≤0.0001) of  un-methylated  IFN-γ gene promoter patterns in newly diagnostic TB patients  than  relapse TB patients comparison with healthy controls. The percentage of un-methylated DNA patterns in healthy controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (9.9%, 39.4% and 51.5%, respectively). The mean of serum IFN-γ levels (pg/ml) for normal controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (59.3± 13.8,75.8±24.3 and 69.6±18.7,respectively).In conclusion, there is a relative association between methylation of IFN-γ gene promoter and predisposing to TB progression.
On Generalized Continuous Fuzzy Proper Function from a Fuzzy Topological Space to another Fuzzy Topological Space
Authors: Et al. Al.Khafaje
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the concepts of fuzzy generalized open sets, fuzzy generalized closed sets, generalized continuous fuzzy proper functions and prove results about these concepts.
Reservoir Connectivity, Water Washing and Oil to Oil Correlation: An Integrated Geochemical & Petroleum Engineering Approach
Authors: Ghassal Bandar I.
Published: March 2019

Oil Fingerprinting by gas chromatography techniques are among the most sensitive and accurate tools utilized to study reservoir compartmentalization and oil to oil correlations. The greatest challenge of the technique, however, lies in recognizing and identifying if any oils have undergone post-generative alteration processes such as water washing or biodegradation that may prohibit accurate correlation. These effects, even when subtle, may alter or transform oils resulting in misleading interpretations and invalid outcomes. Understanding the controls on the oil composition is critical for all fingerprinting studies and can promote new characterization methods to ensure any negative post-generative alteration effects are mitigated.

The study aims to illustrate the use of various geochemical fingerprinting methods to assess the reservoir connectivity between two oil accumulations. Furthermore, the effect of water washing on the oil compositions, and its relationship with gas to oil ratio (GOR) and salinity were investigated.

A total of 11 oil samples from an Ordovician siliciclastic formation across 10 locations in a field were analyzed for API gravity light hydrocarbons (C5-C7) and whole-oil fingerprinting (C8 to C20) gas chromatography (GC) characterization methods. Light hydrocarbons (LHC) analysis used to correlate different oils to their sources was interpreted using five specially selected source dependent ratios plotted in a C7 star diagram. If the oils have a similar pattern, this indicates a similar source and vice versa.

The results suggest that the oils can be correlated to two different source rocks that charged the study area from independent northeast and southwest directions. A second set of light hydrocarbon ratios sensitive to water washing and biodegradation effects suggested a noticeable water washing trend increasing to the north. The whole-oil fingerprinting analysis employs a multivariate statistical model across all the samples to determine the most variant 12 ratios from the chromatograms to construct a specialized star diagram. From this analysis, five separate reservoir compartments were identified. It was further observed that a set of samples from a specific compartment differed in one of the 12 ratios. This ratio was plotted against the water washing transformation ratio from LHC and revealed a strong positive correlation. The difference in this ratio is attributed to water washing. Both parameters suggest that water washing possesses strong negative correlations with total dissolved salts (TDS) of the formation water and gas to oil ratio (GOR). These relationships accentuate the potential of utilizing the geochemical ratios to predict the GOR and consequently improve the production planning. The study shed the lights on the potential utilization of new rapid and cost-effective geochemical methods to predict some production engineering parameters.
Effects of Resin-Fluid Interaction on Fracturing Fluid Stability, Proppant Flowback, and Preventive Control Methods
Authors: Songire Sumit , Prakash Chetan , Belakshe Ravikant
Published: March 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is often performed using resin-coated proppants to minimize proppant flowback during hydrocarbon production, whether the resin is precoated or coated on-the-fly as the treatment is pumped. Resin-fracturing fluid interaction can have a negative effect on fluid stability or resin consolidation, or both. This paper examines the effects of resin-fluid interactions on fluid stability, proppant consolidation strength, and strategies to mitigate the effects.

Components of resins can change the fracturing fluid stability by interacting with crosslinker or breaker, or by changing the fluid pH. To offset the effect of a resin, the breaker/crosslinker/buffer concentration should be tuned while pumping resin-coated proppant. Similarly, resin-fluid interaction can decrease consolidation strength by disturbing resin-curing kinetics or reducing grain-to-grain contact, which can increase the possibility of proppant flowback during production. The influence of resins on fracturing fluid stability was evaluated by conducting rheology testing. The effect of fracturing fluids on the consolidation strength of resin was evaluated by comparing unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of proppant packs.

The stability of zirconate and borate crosslinked guar fluids, when treated with coated on the fly liquid resin-coated proppant (LRCP), was lower than non-treated fluids at 260°F as a result of breaker activation by the resin components. The desired fluid stability was attained by lowering breaker concentration in liquid resin-treated fluid. During another round of testing, a second type of LRCP, based on different chemical functionality, increased the stability of synthetic polymer fluid at 400°F. Likewise, a rise in fluid stability was observed when guar fluid was treated with resin pre-coated proppant (RCP) at 200 and 250°F. The improved fluid stability is associated with reduction in active breaker concentration in the presence of furan resin and RCP. The UCS value of the proppant pack prepared from fracturing fluid-treated RCP was ~16 to 45% lower than the proppant pack without this fluid treatment. Additionally, the UCS value of proppant pack prepared using fracturing fluid-treated LRCP decreased by ~30%. However, the measured UCS value of LRCP pack with fracturing fluid exposure was higher than the RCP pack measured value even without exposure to this fluid.

Incorporating LRCP instead of using RCP during fracturing operations could address the proppant flowback issue and possibly result in higher conductivity of propped fractures. It could help ensure economic production rates and prevent costs associated wellbore cleanup, downhole tool damage, erosion and damage to the tubular, chokes, valves and separators, and refracturing of the well. Ultimately, it could help maintain a lower cost per barrel of oil equivalent (BOE).
Magnitude of diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in Menelik II Hospital, Addis Ababa
Authors: Wodajo Rebecca Getachew , Woyessa Dereje Negussie , Shiferaw Bezawit Gezahegn
Published: March 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases with an increasing incidence worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the chronic micro vascular complications, is a major global cause of total blindness. As the global prevalence of diabetes increases, so will the numbers of people with diabetic retinopathy. Hence, this study aims to determine the magnitude and severity of DR in newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients in Menelik II Hospital. Method: institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on newly diagnosed Type 2 DM patients. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20 version computer software. Result: A total of 111 patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes participated in this study. The female to male ration was 1: 1.84. The mean age of study participants was 50.5 (± 10.6years) with a range of 30-70 years. Majority of respondents (47.7%) completed secondary school while 18.0% were unable to read and write. The average BMI of participants was 25.0 ± 3.6kg/m2, 37 (33.3%) were overweight, 11(9.9%) were obese. Average FBS at diagnosis was 265.25 (0±99.4 mg/dl) for all patients and about 24.3% of the total study population had hypertension. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 24 (21.6%) patients out of whom 7(29.16%) had mild NPDR, 8 (33.33%) moderate NPDR 5(20.8%)severe NPDR (20.8%) and 4 (16.7%)PDR . Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy at time of diagnosis among type II diabetes showed 21.6%. This high number of undiagnosed DR indicate early and regular screening for diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients and more aggressive management of modifiable risk factors could reduce the numbers of people who develop vision-threatening retinopathy.
The effect of implementing an aseptic practice bundle for anaesthetists to reduce postoperative infections. Protocol for a stepped wedge, cluster randomised, multi-site trial. The Anaesthetists Be Cleaner (ABC) Study.
Authors: Merry Alan F , Gargiulo Derryn , Bissett Ian , Cumin David , English Kerry , Frampton Christopher , Hamblin Richard , Hannam Jacqueline , Moore Matthew , Reid Papaarangi , Roberts Sally , Taylor Elsa , Mitchell Simon J
Published: March 2019

Background

Postoperative infection is a serious problem in New Zealand, and internationally with considerable human and financial costs. Also, in New Zealand, certain factors that contribute to postoperative infection are more common in Māori and Pacific populations. To date, most efforts to reduce postoperative infection have focused on surgical aspects of care and on antibiotic prophylaxis, but recent research shows that anaesthesia providers may also have an impact on infection transmission. These providers sometimes exhibit imperfect hand hygiene and frequently transfer the blood or saliva of their patients to their work environment. In addition, intravenous medications may become contaminated while being drawn up and administered to patients. Working with relevant practitioners and other experts, we have developed an evidence-informed bundle to improve key aseptic practices by anaesthetists with the aim of reducing postoperative infection. The key elements of the bundle are the filtering of compatible drugs, context-relevant hand hygiene practices, and enhanced maintenance of clean work surfaces.

Methods

We will seek support for implementation of the bundle from senior anaesthesia and hospital leadership and departmental “champions”. Anaesthetic teams and recovery room staff will be educated about the bundle and its potential benefits through presentations, written material, and exemplar videos. We will implement the bundle in operating rooms where hip or knee arthroplasty or cardiac surgery procedures are undertaken in a five-site, stepped wedge, cluster randomised, quality improvement design. We will compare outcomes between approximately 5,000 cases before and 5,000 cases after implementation of our bundle. Outcome data will be collected from existing national and hospital databases. Our primary outcome will be days alive and out of hospital to 90 days, which is expected to reflect all serious postoperative infections. Our secondary outcome will be the rate of surgical site infection. Aseptic practice will be observed in sampled cases in each cluster before and after implementation of the bundle.

Discussion

If effective, our bundle may offer a practical clinical intervention to reduce postoperative infection and its associated substantial human and financial costs.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network Registry: ACTRN12618000407291
Thermoregulation of Prodigiosin Biosynthesis by Serratia marcescens is Controlled at the Transcriptional Level and Requires HexS
Authors: ROMANOWSKI ERIC G. , LEHNER KARA M. , MARTIN NATALIE C. , PATEL KRIYA R. , CALLAGHAN JAKE D. , STELLA NICHOLAS A. , SHANKS ROBERT M.Q.
Published: March 2019

Several biotypes of the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens produce the tri-pyrole pigment and secondary metabolite prodigiosin. The biological activities of this pigment have therapeutic potential. For over half a century it has been known that biosynthesis of prodi giosin is inhibited when bacteria are grown at elevated temperatures, yet the fundamental mechanism underlying this thermoregulation has not been characterized. In this study, chromosomal and plasmid-borne luxCDABE transcriptional reporters revealed reduced transcription of the prodigiosin biosynthetic operon at 37°C compared to 30°C indicating transcriptional control of pigment production. Moreover, induced expression of the prodigiosin biosynthetic operon at 37°C was able to produce pigmented colonies and cultures demonstrating that physiological conditions at 37°C allow prodigiosin production and indicating that post-transcriptional control is not a major contributor to the thermoregulation of prodigiosin pigmentation. Genetic experiments support the model that the HexS transcription factor is a key contributor to thermoregulation of pigmentation, whereas CRP plays a minor role, and a clear role for EepR and PigP was not observed. Together, these data indicate that thermoregulation of prodigiosin production at elevated temperatures is controlled largely, if not exclusively, at the transcriptional level.