bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Form in Adam Architecture?
Authors: Fensom David
Published: April 2021

En 1758, le brillant architecte écossais Robert Adam (1728-1792) retourne en Grande-Bretagne au terme de ses voyages en Europe et s’installe à Londres. Il ramenait des croquis, plans, projets de décorations, et des artisans italiens qui l’aidèrent à instaurer une sorte de révolution néo-classique dans l’architecture anglaise du XVIIIe  siècle. Aujourd’hui un bâtiment Adam accroche toujours l’attention par son élégance et son style particulier. Néanmoins, l’essentiel de ce style demeure difficile à préciser. L’auteur de cet article explore l’hypothèse du principe de géométrie unique qui aurait soutenu les rapports de proportions donnés par Robert et par son frère James au design des façades et des pièces intérieures de leurs bâtiments. Il semble en effet plus que probable qu’ils aient employé la section dorée de façon délibérée dans un nombre considérable de dessins. On sait que Robert Adam étudia la géométrie à l’université. Mais il employa aussi vraisemblablement la courbe conchoidale pour donner une force expressive à son architecture; c’est donc dire qu’il aurait utilisé intentionnellement un système de proportions non palladien dans un style néo-classique. Ce système intègre au design architectural les nombres irrationnels, en particulier la suite de Fibonacci dont les éléments se rapprochent de la section dorée et de ses nombres relatifs. Il semble que cette géométrie ait été adoptée par Adam au retour de son séjour à Rome de 1754-1758, et qu’il ait partagé ce secret de composition avec G.B. Piranesi, à une époque où peu d’architectes comprenaient son impact.
Sobre a explicação tecnológica
Authors: Szczepanik Gilmar Evandro
Published: April 2021

O presente texto tem como propósito identificar as características elementares da explicação tecnológica. Assim, num primeiro momento procuramos justificar a importância de estabelecermos uma investigação filosófica sobre a explicação tecnológica, contextualizando a temática, demonstrando a multiplicidade de elementos que podem ser contemplados por ela e salientando suas especificidades. Em síntese, a primeira parte do trabalho será dedicada às perguntas e aos tipos de questionamentos que a explicação tecnológica pode responder. No segundo momento, esclareceremos que ela contempla necessariamente dois elementos dos artefatos técnicos, a saber, o estrutural e o funcional. Em síntese, a explicação tecnológica precisa elucidar os componentes físicos e materiais constituintes dos artefatos técnicos que, por sua vez, são portadores de uma determinada função. Além disso, faz-se necessário ilustrar como é possível atribuir e/ou implementar uma função em determinado artefato. Por fim, busca-se apresentar os desafios e os problemas em aberto que ainda perpassam a explicação tecnológica.
A análise mereológica dos objetos intencionais em Brentano
Authors: Carvalho Joelma Marques de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar os objetos intencionais da teoria da intencionalidade em Franz Brentano em sua primeira fase, ou seja, no período de 1874 a 1904, por meio de sua análise mereológica da consciência. Nesse contexto, irei abordar os diferentes modos de consciência, os correlatos intencionais, a distinção entre seres real e existente assim como a distinção entre objeto e conteúdo na teoria brentaniana. No final, irei defender que o estatuto ontológico dos objetos que existem nos correlatos intencionais e dos objetos representados ou conteúdos intencionais podem ser interpretados como sendo “neutros”, visto que eles são partes apenas conceituais ou abstratas de sua teoria mereológica.
Psicoanálisis y pluralismo de lo juvenil: historización, identidades y conflicto sociales
Authors: Jofré Daniel
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo se propone analizar las dinámicas juveniles desde un enfoque que vincula las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes al análisis de las identidades, culturas juveniles y los actuales conflictos políticos sociales. La propuesta analítica se enmarca dentro una matriz que víncula el estudio de los conflictos sociales con las teorías socio-culturales y los desarrollos psicoanalíticos sobre los procesos juveniles. Remarca, en este sentido, la importancia de las nociones de transgeneracionalidad e identidad para el estudio de la condición juvenil contemporánea, analizando para estos efectos la situación chilena.
Freud y la inconsistencia de la politica; la experiencia de la politización de la comunidad humana en el relato tragico, prosaico y religioso
Authors: Bilbao Alejandro
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo aborda los enunciados psicoanalíticos referidos a la problemática política y sus inconsistencias. Poco elaborados en los textos de vocación cultural escritos por Freud, la relevancia de estos para observar el fenómeno de la politización colectiva adquiere un rol destacado en la tardía obra destinada al problema del monoteísmo. El pensamiento de Freud referido a los pasos que la comunidad humana realiza en el proceso de su politización, recoge un pluralismo de referencias características del relato trágico, prosaico y religioso. Las tesis relativas a la vida pulsional, permiten visualizar el modo que poseen estas narraciones para provocar la saturación de las inconsistencias que obran en el accionar de la política.
Simone Weil: uma voz feminina que desafiou o século XX
Authors: Serrato Andreia Cristina
Published: April 2021

Este artigo trata de Simone Weil e sua percepção da condição humana no mundo do trabalho. Filósofa, professora, operária, camponesa, escritora e militante, é na sua práxis que se compreende algumas reflexões que realizou sobre os regimes totalitários da sua época. Evidencia a mística de Simone Weil como experiência para sair dessa condição de escravidão e superação da opressão e da dominação. Esse estudo traz um recorte da vida, obra e luta dessa mulher francesa, que descreve sua experiência de regimes opressores, situando-se lado a lado com os oprimidos e marginalizados da sociedade e, como mulher, reflete, experimenta e denuncia as opressões.
Hermenêuticas do Feminino: Por um esforço arqueológico e interdisciplinar para a recuperação da contribuição feminina no campo da cultura e da religião
Authors: Mariani Ceci Maria Costa Baptista , Candiotto Jaci de Fátima Souza , Almendra Luísa Maria , Bartolomei Teresa
Published: April 2021

Editorial do dossiê Hermenêuticas do Feminino: Por um esforço arqueológico e interdisciplinar para a recuperação da contribuição feminina no campo da cultura e da religião.
Multiple Sclerosis Wellness Shared Medical Appointment Model
Authors: Abbatemarco Justin R. , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Udeh Belinda L. , Bassi Sunakshi , Rensel Mary R.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are group medical visits combining medical care and patient education. We examined the impact of a wellness-focused pilot SMA in a large multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic.

Methods:

We reviewed data on all patients who participated in the SMA from January 2016 through June 2019. The following data were collected 12 months pre/post SMA visits: demographics, body mass index, patient-reported outcomes, and health care utilization. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results:

Fifty adult patients (mean ± SD age, 50.1 ± 12.3 years) attended at least one MS wellness SMA. Most patients had private insurance (50%), and 26% had Medicaid coverage. The most common comorbidity was depression/anxiety (44%). Pre/post SMA outcomes showed a small but significant reduction in body mass index (30.2 ± 7.3 vs 28.8 ± 7.1, P = .03), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores decreased from 7.3 ± 5.5 to 5.1 ± 5.6 (P = .001). The number of emergency department visits decreased from 13 to two (P = .0005), whereas follow-up visits increased with an attendees' primary care provider from 19 to 41 (P < .001), physical therapist from 15 to 27 (P = .004), and psychologist from six to 19 (P = .003).

Conclusions:

This pilot MS wellness SMA was associated with improved physical and psychological outcomes. There was increased, lower-cost health care utilization with reduced acute, high-cost health care utilization, suggesting that SMAs may be a cost-effective and beneficial method in caring for patients with MS.
A Study on Immunisation Coverage among Children in Hosakote, Mysuru
Authors: Suresh Harshini , Ahmed Mansoor
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Immunisation coverage is a vital strategy adopted by most programs on child survival globally. A robust immunisation coverage program goes a long way in controlling the Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPDs). It is very important to analyse the factors which are detrimental in achieving 100% immunisation among children. Aim: To find the extent of immunisation coverage and to identify the factors for failure of immunisation among children in the rural field practice area of Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysuru. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020 on children between 0-2 years of age using the World Health Organisation (WHO) thirty clusters sampling method. The sample size was estimated to be 210. Identification of clusters was done as per the WHO manual on 30×7 cluster survey. Interview was conducted using a structured interview format in selected households with study subjects. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analysed using chi-square test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software version 23.0 was used for analysis of data. Results: Among the study participants, 131 (86%) were fully immunised and 29 (14%) were partially immunised (those who did not receive all the due vaccines till two years of age). Religion, educational status of parents and the presence or absence of immunisation card had significant (p-values=0.01, <0.05, <0.05 respectively) association with the immunisation status. The main reasons for partial immunisation were: parents being unaware of the need for returning for subsequent doses 13 (44.8%), fear of side-effects 12 (41.3%), and vaccine not being available 7 (24.1%). Coverage of all individual vaccines among the children (0-2 years) were mostly above 199 (95%). Conclusion: This study observed higher immunisation coverage as compared to that of the national immunisation coverage of 62%. In spite of efforts to increase the immunisation coverage in the country there are regional differences in the extent of this coverage which points to the need for better strategies to tackle this problem.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessment of Stress and Perception of E-Learning amongst First Year Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Gautam Shikha , Imteyaz Salamah Parveen , Alam Mohammed Iqbal
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic has involved nearly all the countries of the world. The lockdowns and closure of educational institutes to reduce the risk of disease transmission has brought a change in the medium of teaching as most educational institutes have moved to the online mode. There is a widespread increase in stress as the number of cases and mortality associated with Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) continue each day. Aim: To assess the stress status of first year undergraduate medical students in reference to the coronavirus pandemic and the perception of first year undergraduate medical students in reference to the E-learning being carried out during the coronavirus pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional web-based online survey that was conducted using a questionnaire in August 2020 at Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India. The questionnaire was prepared and reviewed by the involved faculty members of the project and it was approved by a faculty from Department of Psychiatry. Reliability of questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). A questionnaire with 20 questions was administered via Google forms to all 100 students of first year MBBS course. Some of the questions in the questionnaire were framed to assess the stress status of the students; some were designed to study students’ perception of E-learning. Data was represented as the percentage distribution of response for each question. Results: Ninety five responses were received, after accounting for exclusion factors; data was compiled for 91 respondents. Out of the 91 participants in the study, 48.4% were males (n=44) and 51.6% were females (n=47). Most of the students in this study (84.6%) felt that online teaching had helped in learning Physiology theory; around 43% students found online practical teaching useful. Around 39% students have reported internet connectivity issues all the time while 59% faced problem sometimes. Total 51.6% of students had difficulty in accessibility to devices. Due to coronavirus pandemic, 37.4% of students have reported to be under stress. Around 33% reported feeling unsafe all the time while 39.5% felt unsafe some of the times. Conclusion: Students found online teaching more helpful in learning Physiology theory than practical. Majority of class reported internet connectivity issues. All the responders agreed that this pandemic affected their regular life. Most of the students felt that online classes have helped them to remain positive and motivated towards study.
Challenges in Transformation of Informal Business Sector towards Formal Business Sector in Nepal: Evidence from Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Adhikari Dipak Bahadur , Gupta Preeti , Devkota Niranjan , Paudel Udaya Raj , Parajuli Seeprata
Published: April 2021

This study seeks to contribute to the empirical understanding to the transformation of informal business towards formal business in Nepal on the basis of cross-sectional data. This paper examines the preferences socio-economic and other social capital related to informal business. Various indicators were identified to understand and analyze readiness of various informal sectors from literature review of different theories. People with high level of education less prefer informal sector however, prime working age labor force were involved massively in informal sector. More than two-third respondents argued that situation is not manageable which means the informal economy is not transitional to formal economy. Majority of respondents believes that there are some administrative problems that could hinder the entrepreneurial potential and their creativity to flourish.
Telemedicine in Covid-19: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Masood Imrana , Baneen Ummul , Nivedita .
Published: April 2021

The pandemic of COVID -19 is a healthcare emergency of International concern. It originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared as pandemic by WHO on 12 March 2020. Since then it is raging relentlessly across the world with staggering more than 60 lakh cases in India currently. This has put a tremendous strain on already frail and overburdened Indian healthcare system and aggravated concern in the accessibility to healthcare by common mass due to prevailing lockdown conditions. This has sparkled to re-think and renew the policy on healthcare and focus on relevance, reach and utilize the potential of telemedicine services for the delivery of healthcare to community. This term telemedicine has been in use since 1970s but became fully operational globally in early 2000. Now about 20 years later we find a revolutionary change in the focus of health services delivery towards community healthcare and wellbeing In this article we aim to analyze the difficulties and hurdles faced by non COVID patients and challenges in front of the government to dispense basic healthcare to those in need. We need to tap all our resources particularly ICT for healthcare delivery and use this adversity of COVID 19 pandemic as an opportunity to build on our capacity and expertise in the area of Telemedicine for the betterment of community healthcare.
Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) with Vaccine Preventive Measures among Nigerian Populace Using Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Binuyo Adeyemi. O. , Akram Muhammad , Cristina Gamberini Maria
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) is a very infectious symptomatic and asymptomatic infection caused by

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SAR-COV-2). COVID-19 is caused by the

SARS-CoV-2 virus, which spreads between people, mainly when an infected person is in close

contact with another uninfected person. In this research work, a mathematical model for the novel COVID 19 viral infectious disease which is ravaging the world today including Nigeria was considered.. The mathematical model consists of four different compartments namely, susceptible, infected, vaccine and recovered under convex incident rate. The formulation of the mathematical model and some qualitative aspects for the model including the basic reproductive number of the model, existence of equilibria and its stability results by using various tools of nonlinear analysis were done. On the basis of simulations using Matlab Software package. Dynamical behaviour were observed in the mathematical model due to the vaccine of susceptible and infected individuals or one of those two classes of individuals. The x – rays features of this paper is to formulate and analyse a mathematical model that extends and complements the ones in the literature by incorporating the vaccination class denoted by V(t). Mathematical models are widely used to examine, explain, and state the relevance of the use of vaccines to prevent the spread of the dynamics of infectious diseases (COVID 19) transmission among the Nigerian populace.
Antibiogram of Listeria and Salmonella Species Isolated from Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis nitolicus) and Snail (Archachatina marginata) Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Odu N. N. , Ogbonna D. N. , Daminabo V.
Published: April 2021

Land snails are ubiquitous creatures found on farms, forests and domesticated in homes. Bacteriological studies indicate that various potentially pathogenic bacteria inhabit different organs and tissues including the haemolymph of the African giant snail, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the snails are a health threat to consumers and may cause food borne diseases/ infection. Pollution of aquatic environments with organic waste of animal and human origin may lead to transfer of pathogens to the fishes, thereby making them carriers of the pathogens. In this study antibiogram studies were carried out on the isolates from snail and tilapia fish to determine antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella species isolated from tilapia fishes and snails sold in Port Harcourt.  One hundred and thirty two (132) samples were obtained from three different markets namely; Creek road, Mile one and Rumuokoro markets over a period of six months. Standard analytical protocols were employed to determine the bacteriological characteristics of the various parts such as intestine, flesh/meat, gills and fluid(snail). Antibiogram of Listeria and Salmonella species were determined using standard methods as recommended by CLSI. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All pairs tukey-kramer. Results of Total heterotrophic bacterial count shows that snail samples had the highest number of bacterial count compared to frozen tilapia fishes. Mean Listeria spp. count for frozen tilapia fish ranged from 2.7 ±0.68 x104cfu/g to 2.9 ±0.23 x104cfu/g (flesh), 3.3 ±0.15 x104 to 3.7 ±0.35 x104cfu/g (gill), 3.8 ±0.44 x104 to 4.3 ±0.57 x104 cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets, Mean Listeria spp. count for snail sample ranged from 0.7 ±0.29 x104 to 1.1 ±0.18 x104cfu/ml (Snail fluid) 1.1 ±0.18 x104 to 1.2 ±0.16 x104cfu/g (meat), 1.6 ±0.44 x104 to 1.9 ±0.57 x104cfu/g (Intestine) Creek road market. Mean total Salmonella count for frozen tilapia fish ranged from 1.0 ±0 x103cfu/g to 1.3 ±0.58 x103 (flesh), 1.0 ± 0 x103 to 1.6 ± 0.58 x103cfu/g (gills), 1.2 ±0.5 x103 cfu/g to 2 .0 ±1.41 x103 cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets. Mean total Salmonella count for snail ranged from 1.0 ±0.58  x103 to 1.3 ±0 x103cfu/ml (fluid), 1.5 ±1.0  x103 to 1.7 ±0.96 x103cfu/g  (meat), 1.7 ±0.96 x103cfu/g to 3.0 ±1.58 x103cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets. Results of  antibiogram  revealed that all the Listeria species were 100% susceptible to Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gentamycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin and Ceftriaxone-sulbactam but 100% resistance to Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuxime while Salmonella species were 100%  susceptible to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Cetazidime and Gentamicin, thus, these drugs should be considered the drug of choice for infections caused by these bacteria,
Gene network analysis using SWIM reveals interplay between the transcription factor‐encoding genes HMGA1, FOXM1, and MYBL2 in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Fiscon Giulia , Pegoraro Silvia , Conte Federica , Manfioletti Guidalberto , Paci Paola
Published: April 2021

Among breast cancer subtypes, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive with the worst prognosis and the highest rates of metastatic disease. To identify TNBC gene signatures, we applied the network‐based methodology implemented by the SWIM software to gene expression data of TNBC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. SWIM enables to predict key (switch) genes within the co‐expression network, whose perturbations in expression pattern and abundance may contribute to the (patho)biological phenotype. Here, SWIM analysis revealed an interesting interplay between the genes encoding the transcription factors HMGA1, FOXM1, and MYBL2, suggesting a potential cooperation among these three switch genes in TNBC development. The correlative nature of this interplay in TNBC was assessed by in vitro experiments, demonstrating how they may actually modulate the expression of each other.
Teens more vulnerable than young adults to first marijuana use
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

Adolescents who use cannabis are twice as likely as young adults to develop a substance use disorder (SUD) within the first year after first use, according to a new study from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Adolescents who use any substance — except for alcohol and nicotine — are more likely than young adults to develop an SUD within the year after first use; young adults are equally likely, according to the study, published as a “research letter” in JAMA Pediatrics. The study was published online March 29.
CARA 3.0 introduced to increase access to treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

Last month, U.S. Senators Rob Portman (R‐Ohio), Sheldon Whitehouse (D‐R.I.), Shelley Moore Capito (R‐W.Va.), Amy Klobuchar (D‐Minn.) and Jeanne Shaheen (D‐N.H.) introduced the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) 3.0 to increase the funding authorization levels for the CARA programs enacted in 2016 and put in place additional policy reforms to help combat the opioid epidemic that has worsened during the COVID‐19 pandemic. CARA was a bipartisan, national effort designed to ensure that federal resources were devoted to evidence‐based education, treatment and recovery programs that work. In FY 2021, CARA programs were funded at $782 million. Several key provisions of CARA 2.0 were enacted as part of the SUPPORT Act on Oct. 24, 2018. CARA 3.0 builds on these efforts by increasing the funding authorization levels and laying out new policy reforms to strengthen the federal government's response to this crisis.
Activatable 19F MRI Nanoprobes for Visualization of Biological Targets in Living Subjects
Authors: Lin Hongyu , Tang Xiaoxue , Li Ao , Gao Jinhao
Published: April 2021

Visualization of biological targets such as crucial cells and biomolecules in living subjects is critical for the studies of important biological processes. Though 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated its power in offering detailed anatomical and pathological information, its capacity for in vivo tracking of biological targets is limited by the high biological background of 1H. 19F distinguishes itself from its competitors as an exceptional complement to 1H in MRI through its high sensitivity, low biological background, and broad chemical shift range. The specificity and sensitivity of 19F MRI can be further boosted with activatable nanoprobes. The advantages of 19F MRI with activatable nanoprobes enable in vivo detection and imaging at the cellular or even molecular level in deep tissues, rendering this technique appealing as a potential solution for visualization of biological targets in living subjects. Here, recent progress over the past decades on activatable 19F MRI nanoprobes made from three major 19F‐containing compounds, as well as present challenges and potential opportunities, are summarized to provide a panoramic prospective for the people who are interested in this emerging and exciting field.
Using Light for Better Programming of Ferroelectric Devices: Optoelectronic MoS2‐Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Memories with Improved On–Off Ratios
Authors: Lipatov Alexey , Vorobeva Nataliia S. , Li Tao , Gruverman Alexei , Sinitskii Alexander
Published: April 2021

Ferroelectric (FE) devices are conventionally switched by an application of an electric field. However, the recent discoveries of light–matter interactions in heterostructures based on 2D semiconductors and FE materials open new opportunities for using light as an additional tool for device programming. Recently, a purely optical switching of FE polarization in heterostructures comprising 2D MoS2 and FE oxide perovskites, such as BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), was demonstrated. In this work, it is investigated whether this optical switching has a practical value and can be used to improve functional characteristics of MoS2‐PZT FE field‐effect transistors for nonvolatile memory applications. It is demonstrated that the combined use of an electrical field and visible light improves the nonvolatile ON/OFF ratios in MoS2‐PZT memories by several orders of magnitude compared to their purely electrical operation. The memories are read at zero gate voltage (VG) in darkness, but their ON and OFF currents, which routinely varied for different devices by over 105, are achieved by programming at the same VG = −6 V with (ON state) and without (OFF state) light illumination, demonstrating its crucial importance. The light can likely serve as an important tool for better programming of a large variety of other semiconductor‐FE devices.
Macaroni‐Like Blue‐Gray Nb2O5 Nanotubes for High‐Reversible Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Lei , Zeng Xianxiang , Huang Fei , Li Caoyuxi , Liu Ying , Zhu Qinshu , Dai Zhihui
Published: April 2021

Due to the high reliability and high theoretical capacity, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely studied in the world. Nevertheless, the existing LIB systems currently exhibit comparatively low capacities restricted by the anode materials. Herein, blue‐gray Nb2O5 (B‐Nb2O5) nanotubes are prepared which are rich in oxygen vacancy by a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and a further hydrogen annealing reduction as the anode material for LIBs, presenting a high discharge capacity of 375 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and a good rate performance up to 5 A g−1 with 126 mA h g−1. The detailed ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characterizations verified the high‐reversible process, which Li+ should insert into/extract from the (001) planes of Nb2O5 crystal. Combined with a reversible PF6‐ intercalation into/deintercalation from graphite cathode, a B‐Nb2O5/graphite dual‐ion cell can run about 50 cycles with the discharge capacity retention approaching 23 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1. The importance of the modulation of morphology and vacancy in improving overall electrochemical performance is highlighted.
Artificial Engineering of Immune Cells for Improved Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Chuxin , Qi Yongdan , Zhang Yu , Chen Yingge , Feng Jun , Zhang Xianzheng
Published: April 2021

An immune system is of vital importance for maintaining the host health. Taking advantage of innate merits of immune cells, cell‐based immunotherapy has demonstrated great potentials for treating many severe diseases, especially for cancers and inflammatory diseases. However, the success of this promising therapy modality suffers from complex and immunosuppressive conditions generated along with disease development. The combination among cellular biology, nanotechnology, and material science offers vast opportunities to improve therapeutic efficacy and expand function. This review introduces recent advance in exploiting nanotechnology and materials to initiate and reinforce therapeutic functions of live immune cells, including monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell, and T lymphocytes. The major strategies in artificially engineered cell immunotherapy are briefly summarized, and the possible developing trend in this field is discussed.
Elucidating the Roles of Fenton Reactants in Drug‐Treated Cells by Using a Selective Rhodamine‐Thiophenol Fluorogenic Sensor
Authors: Wang Zhanlong , Yeo Jia Hao , New Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2021

The Front Cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Elizabeth J. New at The University of Sydney, Australia.  The cover picture shows the structure of RTFt1, a rhodamine‐based sensor that can report on the presence of the Fenton reactants, Fe(II) and H2O2. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/anse.202100001.
Characterization of minocycline loaded chitosan/polyethylene glycol/glycerol blend films as antibacterial wound dressings
Authors: Zoghi Nastaran , Fouani Mohamad Hassan , Bagheri Hamed , Nikkhah Maryam , Asadi Nasibe
Published: April 2021

Wound care has been a challenging subject for medical teams and researchers. Bacterial infections are one of the most serious complications in injured skins that often affect healing process. Antibacterial wound dressings can be used to facilitate wound healing process. The purpose of this study is to fabricate chitosan (Chito)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibacterial wound dressing doped with minocycline, and to evaluate the influence of composition ratio on the blending properties of the films. To improve the mechanical properties of these films, we examined various amounts of glycerol as a plasticizer. Moreover, we investigated morphological and mechanical aspects, water uptake, degradation, water vapor transmission and wettability properties of the films prepared with various ratios of Chito/PEG/Gly. Assessment of mechanical properties revealed that film containing 80:20 ratio Chito/PEG with 40 PHR Gly content exhibits the highest ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break (9.74 MPa and 45.73% respectively). Furthermore, results demonstrated that upon increasing PEG and Gly contents, degradability and hydrophilicity of the films increased whereas water uptake decreased. Water vapor transmission rate of the films was close to the range of 530–1200 g/m2d, indicating that the as formed films are possible candidates for dressing low exudate wounds or burns. Minocycline loaded films exhibited a biphasic drug release profile and it was more effective on gram‐positive bacteria than on gram‐negative bacteria. The polymeric film with the highest amount of loaded drug (2%) exhibited insignificant cytotoxicity (88%) against normal fibroblast cell line.
Study on ink flow of silicone rubber for direct ink writing
Authors: Shao Yuanrui , Han Ruijie , Quan Xudong , Niu Kangmin
Published: April 2021

Direct ink writing of soft materials is a very promising technology in 3D printing, and the rheological properties of inks are crucial for successful printing. In this paper, the effect of the rheological properties on the printing process of silicone rubber inks is studied to lay a foundation for the configurations of 3D printing process parameters. Also, the shape retention of the printing filaments is studied to provide a basis for the viscosity deployment of the inks. In addition, by studying the die swell ratio of nano‐silica‐reinforced silicone rubber inks at normal printing speed, it is found that the die‐swell ratio is proportional to the ink's relaxation time. Finally, the influence of the configuration of the short‐nozzle on the die swell is investigated, and the concave nozzle has a smaller extrusion swelling effect than the convex nozzle and the conical nozzle, providing new ideas for the adjustment of the filament diameter.
Oxygen barrier property of synthesized polyacrylate coatings containing inter‐chain cross‐linking architecture on PET film
Authors: Zhong Wen , Yang Xiaobin , Gao Hongwei , Bai Yongping
Published: April 2021

A series of coatings which applied for improving the oxygen barrier property of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film were prepared based on the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, and maleic acid (MA). The chemical structures of the coatings were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer. The curing behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The oxygen permeability (Po2) was measured by gas permeability tester. The molecular weight was investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Po2 is inversely proportional to the oxygen barrier property that the decrease of Po2 indicates the improvement of oxygen barrier property. The coating containing inter‐chain cross‐linking structure formed by the dehydration of carboxylic acid improves the oxygen barrier property of PET film greatly. With the increasing content of MA, the oxygen barrier capability of coated PET film is enhanced according to the Po2 decreasing from 1.450 to 0.8956. The Po2 of coated PET film is minimized by selecting N‐methyl pyrrolidone as solvent for polymerization. The GPC results indicate that the oxygen barrier of novel coated PET film can be obtained when the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is up to the stipulated value.
Das Parkhaus der Zukunft als vernetzter „Urban Hub“
Authors: Handrich Melanie , Merkle Sebastian , Christ Niels , Bienzeisler Bernd
Published: April 2021

Der ruhende Verkehr ist einer der größten Flächenfresser in deutschen Großstädten. Vor dem Hintergrund der Mobilitätswende sind Kommunen und Parkraumbetreiber gefordert, kreative und innovative Strategien zur effizienteren Nutzung von Parkflächen zu entwickeln. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf Parkhäusern liegen, die perspektivisch weitaus mehr Funktionen erfüllen werden als einzig und allein die Bereitstellung von Flächen zum Abstellen von Kraftfahrzeugen. Das Parkhaus der Zukunft vereint unterschiedliche Mobilitäts‐ und Zusatzdienste und fungiert somit als vernetzter „Urban Hub“. Dadurch wird es zum zentralen Element stadträumlicher Entwicklung und zur Drehscheibe für innovative und intermodale Mobilität. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt auf, welche gegenwärtigen Trends die Mobilität in Städten und Gemeinden beeinflussen und inwieweit neue (Service‐)Ökosysteme das Parken und die Rolle von Kommunen und Parkraumbetreibern im Zuge der zunehmenden Plattformökonomie perspektivisch verändern werden. Darüber hinaus wird ein Einblick in das Konzept Apcoa Urban Hubs der Apcoa Parking gegeben, welche der größte Parkraumbewirtschafter Europas ist.
Tucker3 modelling of EEMF spectroscopic data sets using restrained initialization of spectral variables: fluorimetric analysis of mixtures consisting of bioactive molecules
Authors: Kumar Keshav
Published: April 2021

The excitation−emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectroscopic technique provides a viable means of analyzing samples from different fields. EEMF spectral data sets are much larger in volume, so that they can only be interpreted using novel data analysis techniques. Here, a novel spectral initialization approach was introduced to fit the Tucker3 model to EEMF spectral data. The suggested method involved variable initialization in a restrained way, yielding initial estimates of EEMF spectra that were comparable with experimentally acquired EEMF profiles. Tucker3 modelling of EEMF spectra with these initial estimates made these analyses fast and computationally economical. The Tucker3 model with the proposed initialization approach was found to yield much purer spectral and concentration profiles. The proposed approach was validated by successfully processing the EEMF spectral data sets of biomolecule mixtures.
Clinical research associates experience with missing patient reported outcomes data in cancer randomized controlled trials
Authors: Palmer Michael J. , Krupa Terry , Richardson Harriet , Brundage Michael D.
Published: April 2021

Background

Missing patient reported outcomes data threaten the validity of PRO‐specific findings and conclusions from randomized controlled trials by introducing bias due to data missing not at random. Clinical Research Associates are a largely unexplored source for informing understanding of potential causes of missing PRO data. The purpose of this qualitative research was to describe factors that influence missing PRO data, as revealed through the lived experience of CRAs.

Methods

Maximum variation sampling was used to select CRAs having a range of experiences with missing PRO data from academic or nonacademic centers in different geographic locations of Canada. Semistructured interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to descriptive phenomenology.

Results

Eleven CRAs were interviewed. Analysis revealed several factors that influence missing PRO data that were organized within themes. PROs for routine clinical care compete with PROs for RCTs. Both the paper and electronic formats have benefits and drawbacks. Missing PRO data are influenced by characteristics of the instruments and of the patients. Assessment of PROs at progression of disease is particularly difficult. Deficiencies in center research infrastructure can contribute. CRAs develop relationships with patients that may help reduce missing PRO data. It is not always possible to provide sufficient time to complete the instrument. There is a need for field guidance and a motivation among CRAs to contribute their knowledge to address issues.

Conclusion

These results enhance understanding of factors influencing missing PRO data and have important implications for designing operational solutions to improve data quality on cancer RCTs.
Use of 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser Biostimulation for Immediate Reversal of a Long‐Standing Paresthesia of the Superior Labial Branch of the Infraorbital Nerve Following a Root Coverage Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Timko Alan M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Paresthesia is a common cause of dental malpractice litigation. Symptoms range from minimal to severely affecting the quality of life. Effective treatments of post‐traumatic paresthesias are scarce. This case report documents the first reported use of laser biostimulation to reverse a long‐standing paresthesia of the infraorbital nerve, resulting from a root coverage procedure of the maxillary right canine.

Case presentation

A coronally repositioned flap with enamel matrix derivative was used to treat gingival recession on the buccal surface of tooth #6 of a 35‐year‐old Caucasian female. One week later the patient reported lip numbness. The patient declined further treatment, and the paresthesia remained unchanged for the next 13 months. The patient then consented to laser biostimulation with a 1064 nm neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. A single laser biostimulation treatment resulted in an immediate and dramatic improvement of lip sensation. The patient's symptoms improved over the next 2½ years without further treatment.

Conclusion

The cause of the paresthesia and the exact mechanism of its reversal remain unknown, although speculated causes and the possible mechanisms of action of low‐level laser therapy are discussed. Laser biostimulation for treatment of peripheral nerve injury is noninvasive and may eliminate the need for corticosteroids or other more invasive treatment modalities. It may not be effective in all paresthesia cases, but when used properly, laser therapy offers a safe treatment alternative for an often troubling problem.
Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by Heterogeneous Porous Catalysts
Authors: Hazra Chowdhury Ipsita , Hazra Chowdhury Arpita , Sarkar Priyanka , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: April 2021

As the ultimate carbon emission of the combustion process, carbon dioxide (CO2) is a serious environmental hazard in increasing the global climate temperature through the greenhouse effect. Porous heterogeneous catalysts have drawn huge interest for carbon capture and in the past decades; significant developments can be observed in their fabrication and implementation for CO2 capture and conversion. In this context, the emerging development in major porous heterogeneous catalysts such as MOFs, COFs, metal oxides etc. for CO2 capture and conversion are discussed. Their physiochemical properties and their influence on the efficiency for CO2 capture and conversion are enlightened. The review provides a concise report on various types of heterogeneous catalysts, current trends, their application in CO2 reduction and fixation for the synthesis of fuels and other important fine chemicals and future research directions for the deployment of porous heterogeneous catalysts in Carbon dioxide capture and conversion.
Lower Kaleköy Dam – A tailor made composite dam structure
Authors: Smesnik Mathias , Nowotny Hans , Verdianz Markus , Krstic Sanja , Sever Özgür
Published: April 2021

Worldwide various type of dams are used to create reservoirs for multiple purposes. Particularly in usual cases, a single dam type is used to form a watertight barrier. Keeping safety and finance in mind, less challenging dam locations, that concerns with aspects like foundation conditions, seismicity at the dam sites, availability of construction materials, etc. are preferred. Ironically, where there is a demand for a reservoir, a suitable dam location is not always available. In those cases, these circumstances make advanced design of dam structures indispensable. An example of such a dam design is the Lower Kaleköy composite dam structure. The same consists of a roller compacted concrete gravity dam at the right bank, which is linked with one of the world's highest deformation joint to the very first asphalt core embankment dam in Turkey, situated on the left bank. The Lower Kaleköy Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) constructed and operated by Kalehan Genç Enerji Üretim A.Ş. with an installed capacity of 500 MW, as part of the Beyhan Kaleköy HEPP cascade is located on the Murat River, a tributary to the Euphrat River in Eastern Turkey. This paper summarizes the design methodology developed by the design consortium (AFRY/Temelsu), headed by AFRY, for the tailored composite dam.
Functional connectome fingerprinting: Identifying individuals and predicting cognitive functions via autoencoder
Authors: Cai Biao , Zhang Gemeng , Zhang Aiying , Xiao Li , Hu Wenxing , Stephen Julia M. , Wilson Tony W. , Calhoun Vince D. , Wang Yu‐Ping
Published: April 2021

Functional network connectivity has been widely acknowledged to characterize brain functions, which can be regarded as “brain fingerprinting” to identify an individual from a pool of subjects. Both common and unique information has been shown to exist in the connectomes across individuals. However, very little is known about whether and how this information can be used to predict the individual variability of the brain. In this paper, we propose to enhance the uniqueness of individual connectome based on an autoencoder network. Specifically, we hypothesize that the common neural activities shared across individuals may reduce the individual identification. By removing contributions from shared activities, inter‐subject variability can be enhanced. Our experimental results on HCP data show that the refined connectomes obtained by utilizing autoencoder with sparse dictionary learning can distinguish an individual from the remaining participants with high accuracy (up to 99.5% for the rest–rest pair). Furthermore, high‐level cognitive behaviors (e.g., fluid intelligence, executive function, and language comprehension) can also be better predicted with the obtained refined connectomes. We also find that high‐order association cortices contribute more to both individual discrimination and behavior prediction. In summary, our proposed framework provides a promising way to leverage functional connectivity networks for cognition and behavior study, in addition to a better understanding of brain functions.
The severity of COVID‐19 among pregnant women and the risk of adverse maternal outcomes
Authors: Samadi Parisa , Alipour Zahra , Ghaedrahmati Maryam , Ahangari Roghayeh
Published: April 2021

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy and the risk of adverse maternal outcomes.

Methods

A descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study conducted on 258 pregnant women who were hospitalized due to confirmed COVID‐19 from March 2020 to January 2021 at the Forghani Hospital in Qom, Iran. Demographic and obstetric characteristics, laboratory findings, and adverse maternal outcomes were recorded from the patients’ medical records. The Fisher exact test, one‐way analysis of variance, and regression logistics were used to assess the relationship between variables.

Results

Of the total study population, 206 (79.8%) pregnant women had mild to moderate disease, 43 (16.7%) had severe disease, and 9 (3.5%) were in the critical stage of the disease. Eight women (3.1%) died and 33 (12.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The most important demographic factors associated with the severity of the disease were ethnicity, underlying conditions, maternal age, and parity. The severity of the disease was significantly associated with increased cesarean delivery and admission to the ICU.

Conclusion

Pregnant women with severe and critical disease had a high rate of cesarean delivery and admission to the ICU. There were eight cases of maternal mortality.
A retrospective in‐depth analysis of continuous glucose monitoring datasets for patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease: Recommended outcome parameters for glucose management
Authors: Peeks Fabian , Hoogeveen Irene J. , Feldbrugge R. Lude , Burghard Rob , de Boer Foekje , Fokkert‐Wilts Marieke J. , van der Klauw Melanie M. , Oosterveer Maaike H. , Derks Terry G. J.
Published: April 2021

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have great potential for real‐time assessment of glycemic variation in patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease (GSD). However, detailed descriptions and in‐depth analysis of CGM data from hepatic GSD patients during interventions are scarce. This is a retrospective in‐depth analysis of CGM parameters, acquired in a continuous, real‐time fashion describing glucose management in 15 individual GSD patients. CGM subsets are obtained both in‐hospital and at home, upon nocturnal dietary intervention (n = 1), starch loads (n = 11) and treatment of GSD Ib patients with empagliflozin (n = 3). Descriptive CGM parameters, and parameters reflecting glycemic variation and glycemic control are considered useful CGM outcome parameters. Furthermore, the combination of first and second order derivatives, cumulative sum and Fourier analysis identified both subtle and sudden changes in glucose management; hence, aiding assessment of dietary and medical interventions. CGM data interpolation for nocturnal intervals reduced confounding by physical activity and diet. Based on these analyses, we conclude that in‐depth CGM analysis can be a powerful tool to assess glucose management and optimize treatment in individual hepatic GSD patients.