bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driving Change in the Healthcare Organisations Through a Strategic Five-Steps Model
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Karadal Kerim , Chowdhury Dababrata
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to drive successful change through a strategic five-steps model. Though change is hard to manage, effective application of the five-steps model could be a breakthrough to the change management practitioners and experts. An original conceptual framework has been developed in this research and tested empirically using the collected data. Different kinds of statistical test have been used for analysing collected data with the assistance of the computer software SPSS. The chapter provides insight about a way to drive successful change management. It also suggests that communication is the key to manage change, intensity of resistance depends on the culture, resistance is inevitable, and effectively managing it helps to explore alternative ideas. Also, this chapter fulfils a global need on how to drive successful change in the healthcare organisations.
Financial Literacy Practices as a 21st Century Skill in Turkey and the World Within the Framework of Public Administration Policy
Authors: Tetik Nevzat , Kanat Ersin
Published: May 2022

Many countries are trying to develop many financial education policies and strategies under the guidance of the top public administration under the heading of recommendations for increasing and disseminating financial literacy. In these initiatives, countries act independently of each other. In the globalizing digital world, especially in financial markets, positive or negative developments in one country affect other countries to a different extent. For this reason, it is imperative to produce policies that can act together with relevant stakeholders at the global level by acting with common financial literacy activities. In this chapter, the studies carried out to increase the financial literacy levels of economic units in Turkey and other countries will be explained comparatively. In addition, new policies and proposals will be developed by mentioning the joint activities that are currently partially carried out at the global level.
In Azerbaijan
Authors: Zeynalli Latif , Hasanoglu Murteza
Published: May 2022

A human being is a being capable of thinking, deciding, and intending. It is irrefutable that a state's true asset is its people, and development's primary purpose is to create an environment in which the population can live a long, healthy, and creative life. Increased investment in human capital will eventually lead to the country's continued development. It is important to remember that in a creative economy, there is a tremendous demand for the intellectual and technological potential that rules this system and the existence of economic resources that provide a powerful source of funding. Human capital is a fundamental value in modern society and has a critical role in the country's economic prosperity as a whole and individual businesses. The study's primary goal is to identify the relationship between Azerbaijan's human capital development and macroeconomic indicators in this regard.
Public Policies, Traffic Light Signpost Labeling, and Their Implications
Authors: Luque González Arturo
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes the traffic light signpost labeling that is included in processed foods, through which consumers are informed about added fat, sugar, and salt levels. At the same time, the awareness and use that the public make of this labeling, introduced by the Ecuadorian government as part of their Good Living health program, was also studied. A questionnaire was given to some 419 students from Ambato, Ecuador of both genders and from different economic circumstances. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis of the collected data was carried out, and through inferential statistics, relationships were established between the responses to the questionnaire and the factors identified. The results showed that most people are aware of traffic light signpost labeling at the time of purchase, although some consumers tend to mistakenly associate the indicators (green, yellow, red) with the food-hazard levels of the products. The opinions surveyed demonstrated a vague meaning and usefulness associated with the traffic light system.
The Digitalization Process of the Public Sector in Turkey
Authors: Küçük Ünal
Published: May 2022

Presidential offices are among the institutions included in the administrative system with the new government system in Turkey. Offices operating in four different areas, namely human resources, finance, digital transformation, and investment, are candidates to be the new actors of the change process in the public service delivery process. The subject of the study is the Digital Transformation Office. The Digital Transformation Office is the institution that will manage the digitalization process in Turkey. The aim of the research is to evaluate the digitalization process in the field of public administration in Turkey through the Digital Transformation Office. Document review technique was used in the study, which used secondary data sources within the qualitative research approach. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the office plays an important role as a continuation of the previous transformation process. It has been accepted that e-government applications are the reflection of digital transformation on the state.
What a Modern Cyber Messaging War Looks Like
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: May 2022

One of the strongest tools in a government's arsenal involves its relationship to information: how it collects it, who it collects it from, how it vets it, and then how it shapes and distributes it. This is especially so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a moment with precious effective vaccines available and a sub-population of U.S. citizens unwilling to be vaccinated in a liberal democracy where the “consent of the governed” is core. This work explores the affordances and constraints of the United States government (USG) in reaching out to the “late majority” and “laggards” to acquire vaccines that would protect their own lives and health and those of the peoples around them (from the many variants of SARS-CoV-2) in a time when children themselves are not vaccinated (while awaiting research and government approval for such interventions and proper dosages). This also explores, from the cross-cultural etic perspective, the strategies and tactics of the USG in this cyber messaging war based on a review of the journalistic literature.
“What Kind of Blackfella Are You Anyway?”
Authors: Kansiime Peninah , Said Shannon John , Eyaa Sarah
Published: May 2022

Social media can bring together diverse people, providing a platform to facilitate discussions about various issues across races, cultures, and religions. These platforms shape social change by bringing to light individuals' perceptions on social issues whilst simultaneously becoming echo chambers that exclude contradictory or dissenting voices. Increases in digital violence, racism, and discrimination can be seen on social media websites, particularly towards those whose ideas challenge the dominant discourses of their cultural groups. The authors explore this phenomenon through four case studies: Aboriginal Australian academic Anthony Dillon, Aboriginal politician Jacinta Nampijinpa Price, African American former gubernatorial candidate and radio presenter Larry Elder, and African American political commentator Candace Owens. Their experiences are considered through the lens of free speech, civil discourse, and how social media users choose vilification instead of debate to address dissenting voices.
The Effects of Globalization on Public Administration in Iran
Authors: Chaychi Semsari Mortaza , Keskin Oğuz
Published: May 2022

In the last quarter of the 20th century, globalization, which manifests itself and makes its effects felt intensely today, caused a paradigm shift in terms of management. The emergence of the new public administration understanding forced nation states to change. The necessity of restructuring the understanding of local and central administration has come to the fore. In order to take its place in the global system, Iran is trying to revise the classical public administration approach in accordance with the dynamics of globalization. In this study, the new public administration approach that emerged as a reflection of globalization and liberal economic model will be examined in general terms how it affected the administrative structure of Iran and especially the economic and political transformation experienced in this transition period.
Changing Dimensions of the Work-Life Balance of Teachers
Authors: Banerjee Sayantani , Verma Anupama
Published: May 2022

Teachers' work life has undergone a lot of changes in recent years which have caused an increased level of occupational stress and work-life imbalance for the teaching faculties of educational institutions, especially universities. Today, teachers, apart from teaching, have to perform multiple roles. As a result, striking a proper balance between their professional and personal roles has become a necessity of time. The purpose of this study is to put forth the evolution, concept, and origin of work-life balance individually, and work-life balance in totality through an extensive review of the literature. The study attempts to identify the numerous organizational factors that affect the continuum of work life balance of university teachers. Further, the study delves into the consequence of family-friendly work-life balance policies and practices implemented by the employers on the perception and attitude of the employees. The secondary data used for the literature review in this theoretical study includes journals, books, theses, working papers, magazines, internet sites, newspapers.
Environmental Accounting Impacts in Greening the Economy
Authors: Norouzi Nima
Published: May 2022

Accounting has been increasing its importance. As time goes by, it has spread to sectors such as social, environmental, and others, in which they seek to have financial control of the resources that these sectors possess within. In these sectors, the one that has been most affected has been the environmental sector, largely due to the same social development, because people in their daily lives generate waste that is not friendly to the environment, or they do not have the habit of properly classifying these wastes, which is why this chapter seeks to analyze the importance of environmental accounting by inquiring into different sources of consultation on the subject, knowing the progress made by the implementation of environmental accounting in industrial companies and the positive or negative impact that it has had in different socio-economic environments.
Methodology for the Evaluation of Fire Safety in Existing Urban Residential Areas in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Vigil María , Corrales Carmen , Garin Raquel , Echeverría Juan Bautista
Published: May 2022

Residential buildings are the most common scenario of fatal fires in Spain, and over the past decade, there has been no significant decrease of fatalities in this kind of accident, even a slight increase in recent years. In this context, a systematic methodology to evaluate the risk level of residential buildings, previously grouped into building typologies, is presented. Its application to different housing typologies allows covering large urban ensembles, providing an important information to regulators and fire services. The factors that most increase the level of fire risk are identified, analyzing them both by their construction stage and by their morphology.
Glacial Sedimentology of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
Authors: Srivastava Ashok Kumar , Khare Neloy
Published: May 2022

Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica is under investigation for the last four decades by Indian scientists of various disciplines, of which geological studies constitute a significant aspect. The present attempt is a review of sedimentological studies carried out in the area. A few of the current chapter's elements are sediment characteristics, mode, and pattern of sediment deposition, source rock, provenance, paleoclimate, and weathering condition through clay mineral studies, grain surface studies, etc., with specific aspects more data on the number of samples. Simultaneously, the Oasis also offers good scope for various other significant investigations like paleoclimatic reconstruction, source of glacial sediments, silicates weathering, etc. Globally, they are a front-line work area and recommended.
Integrated G3 Investigations in Antarctica
Authors: Gupta H. K. , Mittal G. S. , Verma S. K. , Divakaria Rao D. V. , Joshi M. S. , Dhar R. L. , Jain S. C. , Ramana Rao A. V. , Rama Rao P. , Madoom Hussain T. , Subba Rao D. V. , Jafri S. S. H. , Sarma V. N. , Vijayagopal B. , Reddy K. N. S. , Tiwari V. M. , Vyageshwar Rao M. B. , Uzzaman Md. Ghous
Published: May 2022

CSIR-NGRI has been carrying out integrated G3 investigations in Antarctica since the second IAE. The geophysical studies of the initial 25 years of IAE included surface and helicopter-borne magnetic, EM, seismic, gravity, and paleomagnetic surveys. A total of 60 line-km magnetic profiles over the ice-shelf revealed the magnetic characteristics of the bedrock beneath the ice cover. Based on these and in conjunction with the early seismic studies, a crustal structural model was evolved. Secondary sulfide mineralisation near a suspected fissure zone in Schirmacher Oasis (SO) was inferred. It was based on the multi-frequency EM and radiometric measurements. The helicopter-borne magnetic N-S profiles over an area of 100x100sq.km with a spacing of about 3.0 km between SO and Wohlthat Mountains (WM) yielded gross features of sub-glacial topography nunataks (exposed peaks of sub-glacial hills).
GPR Surveys in Antarctica to Map Ice Thickness and Rock Topography
Authors: Sinharay Rajib Kumar
Published: May 2022

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys have been carried out at Schirmacher Oasis and Dakshin Gangotri located at Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica, during the 22nd Indian Antarctic Summer Expedition, 2002-2003. The present study confirmed the ability of the high-resolution GPR for monitoring the glaciers. It gives information about the health of the glaciers before it collapses. GPR survey over three frozen lakes near the Maitri Station provided the lakes' top ice thickness and bedrock depth. Similarly, the internal layers of the glaciers have been mapped in-situ using GPR. The results can be correlated with the results obtained by ice-core drill wells to understand the different field parameters (i.e., thickness of each layer, dielectric constant, etc.).
Hydrographic Surveys in Antarctica
Authors: Srivastava Prashant
Published: May 2022

Hydrographic and physical oceanographic studies could enhance the national data bank. They could also greatly assist the various national agencies in correlating their work with the Antarctic waters' bathymetric and physical properties, leading to an improved understanding of the characteristics of the Antarctica waters. The bathymetric data gathered near the permanent station 'Maitri' could be utilised to exchange data with other nations like Russia and IHO. As per the charting scheme promulgated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), INT Chart Nos. 9050 and 9051 are required to be co-produced by Russia and India. In the INT Chart 9050, vast blank areas exist due to the non-availability of bathymetric data. Thus, concerted efforts are required to fill in these gaps by undertaking systematic hydrographic surveys. These ocean areas are close to the permanent station in Antarctica. It is in the best interest of India to have a well surveyed navigational chart near the permanent station.
Antarctic Laboratory Ground Truth for a Microwave Eye in the Sky
Authors: Kurtadikar Mukund
Published: May 2022

A C-band microwave bench setup was carried out during the 22nd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (December 2002 to March 2003) to measure the dielectric properties of Antarctic geophysical materials like samples of ice, soil, and rocks around Indian Antarctic Station, Maitri. Laboratory validation of these properties of Antarctic frosts and soils was done during the summer period of the expedition, as they are significant for microwave remote sensing applications. Dielectric measurements of nine Antarctic rock samples were made after returning to India, which are substantial from the geological point of view. Here, the authors report the first attempt to measure the dielectric properties of these materials of Antarctica.
Ice Core Records for Paleo-Volcanism, Climate, and Snow Accumulation Rates Over the Past 150 Years
Authors: Rao D. K. , Jani R. A.
Published: May 2022

The annual fallout of radionuclides 32Si, 7Be, 210Pb, and 137Cs in the shelf snow samples collected near the Dakshin Gangotri, East Antarctica, has been estimated. The polar fallout of cosmic-ray produced 32Si estimated to be 2.34 X10-5 dpm cm-2 y-1. The fallout of 7Be and 210Pb is estimated to be 4.2 and 1.86 X 10-2 dpm cm-2 y-1. The depth profiles of electrical conductance, 210Pb, δ18O, and cosmogenic radioisotopes 10Be and 36CI have been measured in a 60 m long ice core. Based on 210Pb and δ18O, the mean annual accumulation rates have been calculated. These rates are 0.20 and 0.23 m of ice equivalent per year during the past ~150 years. Based on electrical conductance measurements and using these accumulation rates, a volcanic event, 'Tambora' that occurred in 1815 AD, was identified. δ18O values suggested that the beginning of the 19th century was colder by about 2°C than the recent past and middle of the 18th century. The fallout of 36CI reported here agrees well with the mean global production rate estimated earlier.
Human Factor in Designing an Elderly Care Ecosystem
Authors: Baldissera Thais Andrea , Camarinha-Matos Luis M. , De Faveri Cristiano
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides a brief overview of the demographic evolution and aging process, introducing a collaborative framework to assist senior citizens. The importance of supporting the age-related care needs, and the potential technologies for aging support are highlighted. A conceptual model for an elderly care ecosystem (ECE) and methods for care service personalization and evolution based on a collaborative environment are presented. To facilitate the consideration of human factors in the early design stage of ECE, a care need goals taxonomy and human-centered design principles are introduced. Customer, service, and service provider template profiles to design the elderly care ecosystem are proposed. Experimental results and feedback from lead users are presented and discussed. The goal of the ECE framework is to provide assistance in service recommendation (and adaptation) for the elderly care domain taking into account human factors.
Patient Portal Acceptance by the Elderly
Authors: Bozan Karoly , Parker Kevin R. , Davey Bill
Published: May 2022

The motivating factors that influence patient portal acceptance among the elderly are not well understood. Using the social heuristic theory, the elaboration likelihood model, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, this study proposes a model that examines the persuasive mechanisms for the elderly to use patient portals. An empirical study involving 117 subjects in the United States was used to test the proposed model. Using the partial least squares method, social power, and imitate-the-successful social heuristics were found to significantly influence patient portal acceptance among the elderly. These findings indicate that older people invest less effort cognitively elaborating when presented with technology acceptance decisions and accept influence from their higher status peers from their network. Imitate-the-majority heuristics and central route processing were not found to be significant, implying that older people are more inclined to take advice from sources, which they find credible and invest less cognitive effort in evaluating the complex phenomena.
E-Health Service Model for Asian Developing Countries
Authors: Sukkird Vatcharapong , Shirahada Kunio
Published: May 2022

Electronic healthcare (eHealth) in Asian developing countries is required to support trends of the aging population through lack of resources in health system. Health services for elderly people are required to support primary care and communicate with caregivers in community health. Challenges of eHealth development in Asian developing countries are preparation health system with basic communication technology on resource limitation. There is a need to adapt Emergency Medical Service (EMS) with eHealth service through smart phones to enhance a primary health service for elderly people. This research aims to promote an eHealth service model to face with elderly patient demands in aging societies of Asian developing countries. The researchers use systematic reviews to identify components of health situation and EMS structure. A conceptual service modeling approach is adopted in the eHealth service model development with value co-creation concept. EMS eHealth service model is a point of healthcare service transformation in many countries through the advancement of ICT.
CLARC
Authors: Naranjo-Saucedo Ana Belén , Dueñas-Ruiz Alvaro , Suarez-Mejias Cristina , Iglesias Ana , Marfil Rebeca , Bandera Antonio
Published: May 2022

The increasing ageing of the European population is an unstoppable process causing more and more demand for health and social assistance resources. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an indispensable tool to identify the psychosocial and functional limitations of geriatric patients. The problem is that the CGA process is very long and demands a lot of time from health professionals. It is necessary to develop a robotic platform that helps in CGA. In this sense, Clarc is a mobile robot developed to help the physician to capture and manage their data during CGA procedures. The robotic platform was tested in some healthcare centers and results show elderly participants accepted the technology. Clarc is a tool that facilitates the work of health professionals given the ease of access to patient data and their evaluations, freeing these professionals to focus their activity on purely clinical tasks that require their knowledge.
Ambient Assisted Living At-Home Laboratory for Motor Status Diagnostics in Parkinson's Disease Patients and Aged People
Authors: Meigal Alexander Yu. , Korzun Dmitry G. , Moschevikin Alex P. , Reginya Sergey , Gerasimova-Meigal Liudmila I.
Published: May 2022

The chapter summarizes the authors' development on the concept of “at-home lab” (AHL). The concept employs the methods of artificial intelligence (AI), smart internet of things (IoT) technologies, and data mining techniques. The aim is at support for patients with Parkinson's disease and aged people to continuously monitor and evaluate their motor and cognitive status using own smartphone (in particular, IMU as wearable sensor, apps for testing cognitive status, camera for motor tracking). In addition, other devices in the IoT environment can participate in creating the information assistance support for people. This chapter presents and discuss the AHL concept as a further development step of AI in respect with human evolution (NeoNeoCortex). The focus is on evolutionary, environmental, and biological aspects of AI.
Mobile Health to Support Ageing in Place
Authors: Rocha Nelson Pacheco , Rodrigues dos Santos Milton , Cerqueira Margarida , Queirós Alexandra
Published: May 2022

The study reported in this article aimed to identify: i) the most relevant application domains of mHealth to support older adults in their domiciles; ii) the most relevant chronic conditions of older adults, whose management is being supported by mHealth; iii) the characteristics, outcomes and impacts of mHealth tools that might support older adults in their domiciles. The method of a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses was performed based on a search of the literature. The result of a total of 66 reviews and meta-analyses across several chronic diseases were retrieved. These studies compare mHealth interventions with usual care. The conclusion is that mHealth interventions have positive effects on various health related outcomes, but further research is required to allow their incorporation in the clinical practice.
Remote Elderly Health Monitoring System Using Cloud-Based WBANs
Authors: Jamal D. Najumnissa , Rajkumar S. , Ameen Nabeena
Published: May 2022

Monitoring the physical condition of patients is a major errand for specialists. The development of wireless remote elderly patient monitoring system has been intensive in the past. RPM (remote patient monitoring) is reliant on the person's inspiration to deal with their wellbeing. The flow of patient data requires a group of medicinal services suppliers to deal with the information. RPM sending is reliant on a wireless telecommunication infrastructure, which may not be accessible/practical in provincial territories. Patients' data are shared as service on cloud in hospitals. Therefore, in the current research, a new approach of cloud-based wireless remote patient monitoring system during emergency is proposed as a model to monitor the critical health data. The vital parameters are measured and transmitted. In this chapter, the authors present an extensive review of the significant technologies associated with wireless patient monitoring using wireless sensor networks and cloud.
Impacts of Mobile Use on Third Agers in China
Authors: Guo Chen , Keane Michael , Ellis Katie
Published: May 2022

The chapter explores the role of smart phones and mobile apps in the process of third age formation in Zhengzhou, a second-tier city in China located in central Henan province. The term ‘third age' refers to a transition period from active work to retirement. Compared with the previous generation, the demographic approaching retirement in China today is more digitally literate, although this varies accordingly in Zhengzhou, a second-tier city. The use of digital technology offers people a different kind of retirement. This study shows that an increasing number of people around retirement age (55-65) in Zhengzhou are using smart phones and apps to reimagine the possibilities of post-work lifestyles. The research asks if the use of mobile apps is changing peoples' perspectives on traditional responsibilities and peoples' expectations of retirement.
Aging and Cancer
Authors: Verma Shailendra Prasad , Mahour Pooja
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes aging and the resultant effects of aging. According to WHO report 8.8 million people died from cancer worldwide in 2015. The incidence of cancers increases with age. This increase incidence may be due to biological factors, prolonged exposure to carcinogens and incidence of mutations etc. Cancers in elderly may have poor biological vulnerability, presence of various co-morbidities and poor tolerance of therapy hence treatment got compromised. Elderly cancer patients also are neglected in various trials and strong data lacks for optimal management. Other important aspect is psychosocial state of these patients. Discipline of Psycho-oncology deals with patients with cancer, their lifestyle related difficulties, negligence by self, family members and society, Lack of emotional support, poor financial assistance and treatment monitoring etc. leading to various psychological problems. This chapter will address issues of cancers in elderly including disease biology, disease characteristics, management, their quality of life etc. with reference to elderly patients suffering from cancer.
Gender Dimensions of Aging Among Indigenous People
Authors: Ahmmed Faisal
Published: May 2022

Researchers view older people as a homogenous group where age is a leveler of characteristics. But factors such as gender, socio-economic background, family relationships and support, living situation, physical condition, cultural practices, etc. severely influence how a person will enjoy their later life. In Khasi Indigenous community women enjoy higher status than their counterparts. Due to a strong matriarchical family system, women become the owner of property inherently and husbands stay in wives' houses. This empowers women economically and family members show their loyalty to the head of the family who is a woman. During old age, women are well cared for by family members, and elderly males are sometimes neglected, which is totally opposite to the majority people of Bangladesh. Based on an ethnographic study, this chapter explains how customs work in the creation of a special later life experience among elderly women. It also explains the challenges faced by Khasi elderly people in getting access to modern medical facilities and other government supports as citizen of Bangladesh.
Gains From the Rehabilitation of Nursing to the Elderly With the Mobility Deficit by Femur Fracture
Authors: Soares Maria João , Ferreira Rogério Ferrinho , Vieira João Vítor
Published: May 2022

The objective of this chapter is to identify the gains associated with rehabilitation nursing care implemented in the elderly person with mobility deficit of the fractured femur. An integrative literature review with a qualitative synthesis retrospectively by 2014 was used. Older femur fractures undergo physical changes that affect their motor function and cause dependence in their activities of daily living (ADLs). From the specialized intervention in rehabilitation nursing, sensitive gains in mobility, functional independence in ADLs, hospital admission and rehabilitation time, quality of life and mortality rate, and health expenditures emerge were found. Fracture of the femur is usually associated with a fall from a height and occurs mainly in independent females in ADLs. In this population, gains that are sensitive to rehabilitative nursing care are recognized in the scientific evidence. The rehabilitation nurse thus has a relevant role in the qualification and quality of life of the person, with evident implications in the elderly care, in an institutional and community context.
Do Loneliness and Social Connectedness Improve in Older Adults Through Mobile Technology?
Authors: McWhorter Rochell R. , Delello Julie A. , Gipson Christine S. , Mastel-Smith Beth , Caruso Kleanthe
Published: May 2022

About one-fifth of the population in the United States in 2015 will be age 65 or older in 2050 and loneliness may be a contributing factor that inhibits their well-being and overall health. As the number of older adults continues to escalate, information and communication technologies such as smartphones and computers may create an increase in social connectedness leading to a decline in loneliness and social isolation. Results from this pilot study suggest that the older adult participants demonstrated some degree of loneliness. As the older adults used social media to connect with friends, family, and other information of interest, there was an increase in social connectedness for many of the participants, but the intensive iPad intervention was not significant in terms of reducing loneliness for either group over time.
On the Socio-Economic Impacts of the Difference Between Healthy and Sick Aging
Authors: Caleiro António Bento
Published: May 2022

Population aging is a phenomenon that has characterized most countries in the world for many years now. Also, for some time now, the literature has shown some social and economic impacts of this phenomenon. This chapter intends to address an impact of a social nature, namely gender inequality, and an impact of an economic nature, namely the global burden of diseases, to which the literature on population aging has not yet given the necessary attention. For these impacts it is important to distinguish healthy aging from unhealthy aging. In fact, healthy aging not only reduces the global burden of disease but also contributes to a reduction in gender inequalities with regard to quality-adjusted years of life.
Spirituality and Aging
Authors: Mattoo Surendra Kumar , Punia Vikas , Malik Lipika , Khurana Hitesh
Published: May 2022

This chapter reviews the available literature on different aspects of spirituality and health in old age. Old age is marked with physical, mental and social dysfunctions whereas spirituality provides the way to overcome these difficulties. The Asian scriptures give a very clear evidence that spirituality is the way of life that has a meaning, a purpose and connectedness with others. In the Indian description, Vasudhaiv Kutubhkam, it points towards the spiritual interconnectedness. The spiritual practices give a meaning and purpose to life therefore instills a feeling of hope which can protect against mental disorders. The same also strengthen immune system protecting us from physical problems connectedness with others is the ultimate aim of spirituality. With increasing age and degenerative processing taking place in the body, spiritual practices by elderly, make them feel a part of community and improves physical health status.
Rhizosphere Engineering and Soil Sustainability
Authors: Nazeer Samreen , Akram Muhammad Zubair , Ali Madad
Published: May 2022

Soils are a vital part of agricultural production. Soil health plays a significant role in the best crop production. Nowadays, our lands are under immense pressure. This pressure may be in the form of climatic changes that affect crop productivity or may be due to population increment that forces our current food system to produce more food to meet consumer needs. Climatic changes affect soil sustainability in the wrong way. Salinity, drought, and heavy metals disturb land structure badly. As the population increases, it dramatically impacts the current production system to fulfill the present needs. In all these situations, agricultural soil sustainability is a challenging factor for soil scientists to make our agriculture sustainable because agricultural sustainability couldn't be possible without maintaining soil health. Many approaches are available to improve soil structure and health. Among these, plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium is a good option. It not only improves soil structure but also helps the plants under abiotic stress conditions.
Agricultural and Food Policy
Authors: Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Ayansina Simeon Olusola
Published: May 2022

Policy plays significant role in defining the food system of any country, and a sustainable food system is necessary for food security. This chapter maps out the causal interactions between food systems, food security and policy, and the challenges in transition to a sustainable food system while respecting the rights of all people to have access to adequate food in Nigeria. Explicit, rigorous, and transparent literature search was undertaken and many articles were assessed and reviewed. Although the results established a mutual relationship between food system and food security, existing literature have widely failed to take interactions between food systems, food security and policy into account. While food production is used as an entry point to improving food system sustainability, the quest for food security are undermining transition towards sustainable food systems. It was found that without right policies in place, it may be difficult to have food systems that are sustainable and ensure food security. This chapter provides a useful contribution to policy, and research on transitions towards sustainable food system. Any policy intervention to address one part of the food systems will impact on other parts and will determine whether a country is food secure or not. Enabling policy environment is therefore essential in ensuring a sustainable food system and for the attainment of food security.
Biopiracy
Authors: Bhukta Anindya , Jana Sebak Kumar
Published: May 2022

Bio-piracy indicates unauthorized use of bio-resources of a country either by the individuals or institutions or companies of other countries. The countries with enormous bio-resources, like India, become the victims of biopiracy. The paper highlights different issues relating to biopiracy in the context of food security of India. It has been argued that the distress of farmers has increased a lot after the emergence of GM seeds. First of all, GM seeds raise the cost of cultivation by monopolizing the seed business in the hands of a few. Secondly, taking monopoly control over the market by the MNCs became easier because technology allowed them to develop seeds which can be used once-for-all. The farmers, therefore, have to give up their traditional practice of saving and sharing of seeds. The paper cites various instances of biopiracy in India and explains how biopiracy jeopardizes the food security and health security of the people in India. Events of piracy of plants with medicinal values and medicinal knowledge of traditional healers are also on increase at a rapid pace in India. This trend also poses challenges health security of India. More initiatives need to be taken at different levels including government and NGOs need to be taken in documenting codified and non-codified traditional knowledge (TK).
Designing a Framework for Agri Sector Considering Disaster and Climatic Change
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: May 2022

Change of technology, utilization of genetically modified crops, and organic farming can be used to improve the fertility of land and to increase production in farming, but the effect of climate change is a big problem for the Indian farmers. Farmers have to face extreme weather conditions, the heavy workload during the fieldwork like weeding, harvesting, etc. The conventional method of farming and lack of advanced technology makes farming too difficult. Due to climate change, high heat, heavy rain, and frost, productivity decreases and lands become barren, and farmers also suffer from mental and physical disorders. Hence, an effort is taken to design a framework for the agriculture sector keeping climate change factors in view. To improve the agricultural system in Indian agrisector, some implications must be done to avoid wastage of rainwater. By creating an efficient drainage system in the crop field, the extra water can be reused. To avoid loss due to heavy rain, greenhouse or poly house can act as an effective way during natural calamities.
Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Bhat Muzaffar Ahmad , Adil A. Wani , Sikander Bhat Mohammad , Lone Yaqoob , Malik Junaid Ahmad.
Published: May 2022

The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling, and monitoring of wastes is called waste management. The waste management is undertaken to recycle the wastes so as to reduce the ill effects of wastes on environment, health, and aesthetics. There are several kinds of wastes produced such as agricultural wastes, municipal wastes, industrial waste, mining waste. Some wastes are more hazardous such as medical wastes and nuclear wastes. Various techniques are used for the management of wastes which includes landfilling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, recycling, composting. Anaerobic digestion produces biofuel in the form of biogas. Plasma gasification results in the generation of electricity from wastes. Recycling of wastes involves the collection, sorting, and reprocessing of wastes into new products. Vermicomposting is the preferred form of composting as it results in the formation of vermicompost called black gold due to the presence of rich nutrients and growth promoting factors in it.
An Immersive Tractor Application for Sustainability
Authors: Mabiletsa Ofentse , Viljoen Sarel J. , Farrell Jason Arthur , Ngqwemla Lwando , Isafiade Omowunmi Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

South Africa is currently addressing the issue of land reform. This research explores how immersive technology could serve as an intervention to avoid unintended consequences in the agricultural industry. This work used participatory design, a stage-based approach, and the SCRUM project management methodology to develop a novel tractor-based immersive technology mobile application. The tractor application developed serves to support novice farmers and learners alike, to learn about and test their skills on tractor components. Three-dimensional modelling software and EON reality software were used to develop the mobile application. Upon completion, the application was tested by experts in this domain of interest and compared to the objectives identified, resulting from land reform as set out by the Department of Agriculture. The tractor application shows promise in promoting Farming 4.0. Moreover, feedback from potential users and experts in this domain confirms the success of the application and interest in future immersive research.
Soft Computing Methods for Measuring Sustainability in the Agriculture Sector
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: May 2022

Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of the Indian economy, and in addition, it contributes around 15% to the nation's GDP. Manually- or mechanically-operated diverse devices and supplies implied for farming machines are utilized in farming process. Still, sustainability is the most important issue in farming. Modern equipment smoke, dust, chemicals, and fertilizers both in manual-driven farming and modern farming are major environmental issues. So, in this chapter, sustainability issues in farming are studied, and a linear relationship between them can be found by interpretive structural modelling, such that the Micmac analysis and model can be developed for barriers of agricultural sector sustainability.
Partnership of Rural Tourism and Organic Farming to Achieve Goals of Green Economy
Authors: Vuković Predrag , Roljević-Nikolić Svetlana Milorad
Published: May 2022

Practice has shown that the best results in solving problems that burden rural areas give mechanisms which coordinate development of agriculture with other economic activities on the principles of sustainable development. Partnership in the development of rural tourism and organic agriculture represent a logical sequence of things. People today are aware of the complex problem of burdening the global food chain and natural resources with the remains of persistent pesticides, nitrates, and the worsening of organoleptic properties and nutrient-like food. The concept of organic farming insists on the natural balance of interests. For this reason, tourists who come to the rural areas expect that they will be able to consume organically produced healthy food. The chapter analyzes the concept of rural tourism and organic farming, their dynamic development in the world and in Serbia. It points out the importance of its connectivity to eliminate existing negative trends which burden life in rural areas and possibilities to implement the goals of the green economy.
Analysis of Harvesting Sustainability
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: May 2022

The existing harvesters for farming purposes are not affordable to small-scale farmers because of their financial reasons. Moreover, there is a requirement of a small, economic, more accessible & effective machine cost and also these are not available in most of the rural areas due to transportation or finance which would be easily operatable by the small scale farmers. In view of this, the present study was carried out by a depth review of literature s and expert concern is taken for existing harvesting practices and machines. Further, on the basis of ergonomic assessment followed by ISM analysis was done for considering the existing and the modified machines.
An Analysis of Safety Practices of Farmers in Odisha (India) for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Mishra Debesh , Chauhan Hullash , Sahoo Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2022

An in-depth review of literature was done in this study which was further followed by consultation and discussion with experts and farmers in the agricultural sectors of Odisha (India) in view of the adoptability perception and behaviours of farmers towards the health and safety practices. Then, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis was employed in order to evaluate the current agricultural safety practices by the farmers and its impact for a sustainable agriculture. Further, on the basis of the data and information obtained from the farmers as well as the experts, the major barriers in context with the sustainability indicators (social, environmental, and economic) for the adoption of health and safety practices were obtained followed by the use of the Fuzzy-COPRAS method to rank the barriers in order of their preferences.
Discourse Analysis of Indigenous Women's Construct on Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
Authors: Serrano Joane Vermudo , Gelisan Luisa Almeda , Lacaste Aurora Valladolid , Muyco Paula Grace Montierro , Alazada Noreen Dianne Sanga , Marasigan Sherry Bayot
Published: May 2022

Managing and understanding the environment and its issues is not limited to one environmental discourse but to numerous discourses. It is created through histories which result in contradictions as narratives may oppose each other. This opposition is considered an important aspect of discourse. This article explores how biodiversity and sustainable development were discursively constructed by indigenous women living in an agricultural society with distinct cultural practices closely linked to rice farming and examined the outcomes arising from their construction of biodiversity and sustainable development. Seven women farmers were interviewed and conversations were transcribed, coded and analyzed through discourse analysis using Maarten Hajer's conceptual tool. Five major discourses emerged from this study: conserving biodiversity through the notion of contrasting views on farming responsibilities, conserving biodiversity through a sense of community, sustainability of government initiatives, negotiating cultural heritage and economic benefits, and articulating sustainable development.
Precision Agriculture to Ensure Sustainable Land Use for the Future
Authors: Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman , Ayub Muhammad Ashar , Nadeem Muhammad , Shabaan Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Umar Wajid , Iftikhar Irfan
Published: May 2022

Global food security is coupled with the preservation and safe use of arable land resources. Land use competition in terms of commercial land use and urbanization has imparted enormous pressure on soil resources. The arable land of the world is already shrinking due to land degradation and desertification while our efforts to ensure commercial land availability is making the current scenario even worse. Soil degradation has put millions of acres of land as devoid of sustainable use over the past few decades and research shows that situation is going to be worse day by day. Precision agriculture can not only ensure the optimal use of available land but also can increase the restoration potential of global agriculture sectors. Integrated nutrient and pest management along with zero tillage, organic farming, and vertical plantation can be visualized as insurance of land and water conservation for the future. This chapter is an effort to contribute comprehensive information regarding the role of precision farming in the restoration and optimal use of global land resources.