bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding Economic Base Theory to informal and non-monetary income: Evidence from the State of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Milano Ludovica , Talandier Magali
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we discuss an operational framework to quantify and analyze regional economic development through the application of economic base theory. This theory asserts that regional development hinges not only on capturing income from outside the region (the basic sector), but also on the region’s ability to retain this income and circulate it locally for community benefit (in the non-basic sector). Our study focuses on Bahia, the largest state in Brazil’s Northeast Region, with a particular emphasis on its regiões geográficas imediatas (commuting zones). The study’s original contribution is to apply the economic base model in a Global South context using income data rather than employment data as a proxy. The available Brazilian data allow us to include in our analysis income flows that are generally overlooked in mainstream economics and entirely omitted from applications of this theory in the Global North. The findings underscore the pivotal role of informality, non-monetary income, and transfers, prompting further examination of regional income and its diverse sources in economic development analysis. Based on our results, we argue for a broader understanding of territorial economies as complex systems of socially embedded practices. This perspective calls for regional studies to shift away from the prevailing productivist viewpoint and toward a more holistic approach that embraces the diversity and richness of territorial economies.
Relationship between Positive Body Image and Selective Visual Self-presentation on Social Networking Sites: Moderating Role of Gender
Authors:   School of Communication, Department of Journalism, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Malaysia, Ahadzadeh Asharf Sadat , Ong Fon Sim ,   Nottingham University, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia, Sharif Saeed Pahlevan ,   Taylor's Business School, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: February 2025

This study examines the association between positive body image and selective visual self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites, while also considering the moderating influence of gender. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 282 undergraduate students in Malaysia (Mage = 20.85, SD = 1.81). The results reveal a negative correlation between positive body image and behaviors such as posing in pictures and editing photos. However, no significant relationship was found between positive body image and photo selection. Gender differences were evident, with females exhibiting higher engagement in posing in pictures, editing, and photo selection compared to males. The findings also show that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between positive body image and photo selection, whereas no moderating effect was observed for posing in pictures and editing photos. The study’s implications are discussed.
Purchasing and receiving process in procurement of goods at JHL Solitaire Gading Serpong Hotel
Authors:   Tourism Study Program, Vocational Program Education, Universitas Indonesia, Putra Sangga Munggaran , Prianti Diani Mustika ,   Tourism Study Program, Vocational Program Education, Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Purchasing and Receiving are two of the many divisions in the finance department, which are the main doors for procuring goods at hotels. These two divisions must ensure that the products ordered and received are high quality and comply with operational standards to create customer satisfaction. This study aims to provide an overview of the processes carried out by the purchasing and receiving divisions in the procurement of goods at the JHL Solitaire Hotel. The research method used is qualitative. The technique gets direct observations at the JHL Solitaire Hotel, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study are that the purchasing division is fully responsible for procuring goods by connecting users with vendors according to the information in the Purchase Order (PO). Furthermore, the receiving division is responsible for receiving and storing goods. In this case, the receiving division will receive the goods and check the conformity of the goods according to the PO, then distribute the goods to the relevant department or storekeeper. If the goods are not taken immediately, the storekeeper will store the goods in the warehouse using the First In First Out (FIFO) system so that the quality of the goods is maintained. Accuracy in supervision and good coordination between the three sections will minimize the occurrence of errors in the operational function of the hotel. Future researchers are advised to be able to conduct research with valid data regarding the effectiveness of purchasing and receiving procuring goods at JHL Solitaire Hotel.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CLOSING AND DISBURSEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL INSURANCE POLICY IN RELATION WITH COVID-19 DISEASE
Authors:   Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Mr Djokosoetono, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424,  Indonesia, Tanjung Kurnia Togar Pandapotan , Yumna Athaya ,   Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Mr Djokosoetono, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424,  Indonesia, Shanty Janthi Dharma ,   Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Mr Djokosoetono, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424,  Indonesia
Published: February 2025

In life, one is always faced with uncertain risks. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, a person traveling abroad for business or tourism purposes has the risk of being infected with COVID-19. One of the efforts that one can make to minimize the risk of being infected with the COVID-19 is to transfer the risk to the Insurer by registering with an Insurance Company to get a Travel Insurance. The COVID-19 International Travel Insurance provides a guarantee of protection to someone traveling internationally from the risk of being infected with the COVID-19 so that the trip becomes comfortable, safe, and without worry. The issues to be discussed in this study include the form of liability of the Insurer to the Insured who is infected with COVID-19 and the process of claiming the COVID-19 International Travel Insurance. The purpose of conducting this research is to find out how the accountability of the Insurer to the Insured who is infected with COVID-19 is executed, and how the process for claiming COVID-19 International Travel Insurance is conducted. The analytical method used in this thesis is qualitative analysis which aims to determine the importance of clause specifications on Travel Insurance Policies, as well as the importance of writing the Insurance Policies using words, phrases, and sentences that are clear and easily understood by the prospective Insured so that there are no differences in interpretation. The results of the research conducted by the author produce conclusions in the form of as follows: 1. The coverage benefits that will be provided by the Insurer to the Insured who is infected with COVID-19 will be provided in accordance with what is stated in the COVID-19 International Travel Insurance Policy clause. However, in the Insurance Policy, there is no clause that clearly and in detail explains the limits of coverage that will be borne by the Insurer; 2. The insured who tests positive for COVID-19 while traveling abroad can submit the COVID-19 International Travel Insurance claim to the Insurer. The stages of filing a claim consist of reporting to the Insurance Company while still in the territory of the insured country, filling out a claim form, and preparing claim documents and supporting documents.
Curug Cipamingkis Strategy as a Leading Travel Destination in Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Perhutani Bogor
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Putri Nurazahra Dwi
Published: February 2025

This research discusses the promotion strategy for the Cipamingkis Waterfall as a famous destination at the Kesatuan Pemangku Hutan (KPH) Perhutani Bogor with the aim of knowing how to promote Cipamingkis Waterfall in utilizing its tourism potential. This research was conducted when the author did an internship for 3 months. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques based on observations, interviews with managers, conducting direct surveys to destinations and literature studies or literature studies according to the theme. The results from the promotional strategy carried out by Cipamingkis Waterfall are quite good and must be maintained, starting from the use of various social media such as Instagram, Tiktok, and official websites, the use of print media such as distributing brochures, introducing good destinations to schools, agencies and groups. nature lovers, installation of banners and banners. The author advises and recommends to the Manager of Cipamingkis Waterfall to optimize promotions in order to introduce destinations widely and can increase tourist visits to Cipamingkis Waterfall, Bogor.
Different Roles of D1/D2 Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens in Pair Bond Formation of Male Mandarin Voles
Authors: Zhang Lizi , Qu Yishan , Young Larry J , Hou Wenjuan , Liu Limin , Liu Jing , Wang Yuqian , Li Lu , Guo Xing , Li Yin , Huang Caihong , Lv Zijian , Li Yitong , Jia Rui , Lian Ting , Feng Hao , He Zhixiong , Tai Fadao
Published: February 2025

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in pair bond formation. However, involvements of DA release, real time activities, and electrophysiological activities of D1/D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell in pair bonding remain unclear. This work verified that male mandarin voles after pair bonding released higher levels of DA in the NAc shell and displayed higher levels of D1 MSNs activity and lower levels of D2 MSNs activity upon sniffing their partners compared to upon sniffing an unknown female. Moreover, pair bonding induced differential alterations in both synaptic plasticity and neuronal intrinsic excitability in both D1 MSNs and D2 MSNs. In addition, chemogenetic inhibition of ventral pallidum (VP) -projecting D2 MSNs in the NAc shell enhanced pair bond formation, while chemogenetic activation of VP-projecting D2 MSNs in the NAc shell inhibited pair bond formation. These findings suggest that different neuronal activity of NAc shell D1 MSNs / D2 MSNs regulated by increasing DA release after pair bonding may be a neurobiological mechanism underlying pair bond formation.
Comparing between virtual reality based pre-clinical implantation training and traditional learning methods
Authors: Li Yangjie , Chen Xu , Huang Yuan ding , He Qingqing , Li Dize , Hu Shanshan , Xu Peng , Chen Tao , Ran Xiongwen
Published: February 2025

Objective

As dental implanting becomes an increasing demand among patients with tooth loss, an efficient and effective training for students is to be necessary. In this case, we anticipate the possible application of virtual reality (VR) technology to pre-clinical implantation training (PCIT) in order to improve the students’ learning efficiency and effectiveness.

Methods

The study divided 20 subjects into two groups on average—VR based PCIT (experimental group) and traditional PCIT (control group) with the completion of the background survey (BS) before PCITs, to guarantee no apparent backgroud variation including learning of oral implantology and VR technology, learning habits, interests and hobbies, etc. All subjects received identical professional tests (T-1, T-2, T-3) before, in and after PCITs to assess the knowledge mastery condition and maintaining levels. Along with both PCITs, the subjective evaluation tests (SET) were distributed to collect the subjective feedback data so as to analyze the preference to each PCIT. Meanwhile the total interaction time, learning duration per subject were recorded for the performance analysis.

Results

The results show that from T-1 to T-2 period, the score of VR based PCIT increased significantly (p < 0.05). And the results of SET show that subjects in VR based PCIT generally obtain over one score higher than the ones in traditional PCIT as for the items of “Convenience”, “Interest”, “Comfort”, “Confidence” and “Subjective initiative” except “Precision”. During both PCITs, VR based PCIT shows a shorter learning duration and sufficient one-on-one interaction opportunities.

Conclusion

Compared with traditional PCIT, VR based PCIT has obvious influence on enhancing students’ knowledge mastery, study willingness and learning efficiency.
Integrating adaptation pathways and Ostrom’s framework for sustainable governance of social-ecological systems in a changing world
Authors: Pichancourt Jean-Baptiste , Brias Antoine , Bonis Anne
Published: February 2025

Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathway (DAPP) maps are used to plan management decisions in contexts of high uncertainty, such as those driven by environmental changes affecting critical assets. Recent discussions emphasize their relevance for addressing complex common-pool resource challenges, where diverse species, actors, and ecosystem services are intricately connected. However, designing DAPPs for such multifaceted social-ecological systems (SES) is challenging due to the extensive range of potential adaptation options. This study presents a general method to address these challenges by leveraging Ostrom’s theoretical frameworks for the governance of common pool resources—the Institutional Analysis & Development framework (IADF), the social-ecological systems framework (SESF), and the coupled infrastructure systems framework (CISF). These frameworks were used to design nested DAPP maps that structure a large number of adaptation actions across multiple levels of institutional arrangement (operational, collective-choice, constitutional), and then develop a mathematical model to analyze the dynamic robustness of a SES across all potential pathways. The method was applied to predict and understand DAPP maps for supporting the collective management of hedgerow networks delivering diverse ecosystem services. DAPP maps for two SES were compared—one rural and one peri-urban—in France’s agro-ecological landscapes of the Auvergne region. We further modeled the impact of climate change on hedgerows characterized by different size and species richness, revealing the sensitivity of these DAPP maps to transit between nine nested institutional arrangements. We discuss the methodological and practical implications of this approach for managing SES characterized by greater diversities of interconnected species, actors, and ecosystem services, highlighting its strengths and challenges in guiding adaptation under deep uncertainty.
Demographic compensation occurs in populations of Quercus oleoides Schltdl & Cham in fragments across an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Flores-Romero Carlos , Sánchez-Velásquez Lázaro Rafael , Equihua Miguel , Pineda López María del Rosario , Alarcón Gutiérrez Enrique , Perroni Yareni
Published: February 2025

Background

Demographic compensation is a complex process by which populations can compensate for the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and other environmental changes and restore growth-rate stability (λ » 1). Dynamic equilibrium is achieved when the growth rate [λ] is close to one. This enables a population to persist under changing environmental conditions. The demographics of fragmented populations provides an ideal model to explore the processes by which populations adapt through demographic compensation responses.

Aims

To characterize the demographic of Quercus oleoides populations and detect the various processes that result from demographic compensation responses.

Methods

We established permanent plots in three Q. oleoides populations at which three annual transition stages were registered. These were survival probability, transition probability, and average reproduction (that is, the number of seed production by size class).

Results

The λs of the three populations under study were >1.0 (P < 0.005). However, differences were found in the elasticity matrices, as well as in the life-table response experiment (LTRE) variation analyses.

Conclusions

The three Q. oleoides populations have shown to have affected a transition to demographic compensation and achieved demographic balance through different strategies in their vital rates.
Transforming Global Food Systems: Pathways to Sustainability, Resilience and Equity
Authors: Shalini J.R. , Sreedaya G.S. , V.S. Chinchu , Mathew Riza
Published: February 2025

The global food system is at a critical stage, facing unprecedented challenges threatening its ability to sustainably feed a growing population. This paper explores the multifaceted issues faced by current food systems, including environmental degradation, inequitable access, and inefficiencies that compromise both human and ecological health. We analyze the urgent need for a transformative approach that addresses these challenges and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those focused on hunger, health, and sustainable production. The paper argues that a reimagined food system must be sustainable, resilient, and equitable to ensure long-term food security and social justice. By examining case studies of innovative practices and policies, we highlight pathways for systemic change that can foster environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social inclusion. This highlights the importance of integrating sustainability principles into food system transformation efforts to create a more robust framework for future food security.
Navigating Fishery Advancements with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Authors: Kaur Parmeet , Chauhan Ashish , Singh Ajeet
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for fish products worldwide, driven by increased awareness about the health advantages they offer, calls for improved techniques to ensure the safety, authenticity and quality of seafood. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a highly useful analytical method that provides valuable information about the molecular makeup of proteins, peptides, and other bioactive substances. It is widely used for protein profiling, species identification, heavy metal detection, and authenticity testing, offering reliable method to guarantee the integrity of seafood. This review explores the diverse applications of FTIR, highlighting its crucial role in the assessment and verification of fishery products. Food fraud, microbiological contamination, spoilage, and adulteration in fish and fish products are among the most serious issues that the technique may address because it allows for both qualitative and quantitative examination. FTIR is a quick and non-destructive tool that offers real time analysis, guarantees process optimisation, safety, and adherence to legal requirements. Additionally, the use of this technique in species identification and traceability helps to prevent fraudulent activities, preserving customer confidence and market integrity. As the fisheries sector evolves, FTIR continues to be at the forefront of sustainability and quality control initiatives, aligning with responsible practices and paving the way for the future of fisheries by delivering safe, high-quality and environmentally sustainable fishery products.
Effect of Sowing Density on the Growth and Yield of Two Hybrid Varieties of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Dschang, West Cameroon
Authors: Essomo Etanke Sylvie , Afanga Yannick Afanga , Arrey Besem Doris , H. Beyegue Djonko , Mado Ngo Tonye Eden
Published: February 2025

Maize (Zea mays L.) is vital to Cameroon's agricultural sector, supporting food security and economic stability. Despite production efforts, yields remain low, necessitating agronomic interventions. This study assessed the effect of sowing density on the growth and yield of two hybrid maize varieties, Pannar 12 and Kabamanoj F1, in Dschang, Cameroon.
A completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement and three replications was used, with variety as the main plot and sowing density as the subplot. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon, from February to June, 2023. Four sowing densities were tested: 62,500 plants/ha, 83,333 plants/ha, 62,500 plants/ha, and 71,428 plants/ha. Growth parameters, including plant height, collar diameter, and number of leaves per plant, were recorded at different growth stages. Yield components such as ear diameter, ear length, grain weight, and total yield were also assessed. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, LSD tests for mean separation, and Pearson correlation analysis. Sowing density significantly influenced the number of leaves per plant (P < 0.05), with the highest at 62,500 plants/ha (11.60) and the lowest at 83,333 plants/ha (9.58) at 42 days after sowing. Variety significantly affected ear diameter (P < 0.01), with Pannar 12 (51.70 mm) outperforming Kabamanoj F1 (50.34 mm). Grain weight was variety-dependent but unaffected by sowing density. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between yield and growth parameters such as leaf length (r = 0.54**), stalk height (r = 0.55**), and collar diameter (r = 0.56**). Higher sowing densities reduced individual plant growth but optimized total plot yield. The Pannar 12 variety at 62,500 plants/ha is recommended for maximizing maize productivity in Dschang. These findings provide valuable agronomic insights for optimizing maize production in similar agro-ecological zones.
Effect of Types and Quantities of Substrates on Growth Performance of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Wamboga Milton , Musinguzi Simon Peter , Tinzaara William , Echaku Samuel
Published: February 2025

Despite the fact that black soldier fly larvae are being used as a supplement in livestock production. However, there is lack of information of the suitable substrates and their quantities that can be used in black soldier fly rearing. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different types and quantities of substrates on the growth characteristics of black soldier fly larvae.
In this study, Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae were fed on five substrates, the experimental design used was a Randomized Complete  Design  with two factors namely: different types of waste and quantities of substrates fed, comprising of  treatments; Pineapple Waste, Jack Fruit Waste, Rumen Content, Fish Offal, Mixed substrates and control replicated thrice  per substrate and fed until the neonates larvae became fully grown larvae; length, weight and survival rate of the larvae fed on all five substrates at four feeding levels; 250g, 500g, 750g and 1000g were determined.
Pineapple waste (PW) and Jack fruit waste (JFW) except for Mixed substrates (MS) recorded the highest length of 10.00mm, 11.85mm and 11.45mm, at 750g when compared at 1000g PW {9.60mm}, JFW {10.60mm}, MS {12.75mm}   respectively (P<0.05), at 1000g of substrate. Mixed Substrate (MS) and Jack Fruit Waste (JFW) recorded the highest weight of 0.318g/FM and 0.212g/FM respectively (P<0.05), at 1000g of substrate.  Control (Cont) and Mixed substrate MS achieved the highest Survival rate (SR) of 96.19% and 96.01% respectively (P<0.05).
Results showed significant differences for all substrates influencing growth (p<0.05) but MS was the most influential.
Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Rhizobacteria and In vitro Evaluation of their Effectiveness against Postharvest Fungal Rot Pathogens of Apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: J. F. Ogunsola, , K. E. Ogunsola , O. E. Olukanni, , S. Salihu , C. J. Komolafe , C. C. Obi, , O. F. Adeniji
Published: February 2025

Aims: Isolation and identification of rhizospheric bacteria with antifungal potential against four postharvest rot fungi of apple fruits were investigated.
Study Design:  Completely Randomized Design (CRD) laid out in 10 (rhizospheric bacteria) by 4 (rot fungi) factorial, replicated three times.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota Ogun State, Nigeria, between 2022 and 2023.
Methodology: Rhizobacteria were isolated from soils using serial dilution and pour plate method. The bacteria were identified using morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches targeting16S rRNA partial gene sequences. Antagonistic activity of the bacterial isolates were assessed in vitro against Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Lt), Fusarium equiseti (Fe), Pennicillium species (Ps) and Curvularia aeria (Ca) isolated from apple fruits using dual culture procedure.  Data were collected on percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG). The PIRG data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Ten rhizobacteria viz: Pseudomonas lactis, Neobacillus kokaensis, Paenibacillus pabuli, Cryseobacterium indologens, Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis, Rossellomorea marisflavi, Bacillus aerius, Brevibacillus reusreri, Stenotrophomonas pavanii and Cytobacillus firmus were isolated. The inhibitory potential of these rhizobacteria against postharvest rot fungi varied (p =.01), with Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis producing highest inhibition of radial growth of Fe (74.5±16.2%), Lt (60.0±4.7%), Ps (60.6±5.2%) and Ca (52.9±5.9%).
Conclusion: Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis has the highest antifungal property against postharvest rot fungi of apple fruits indicating its potential for a sustainable postharvest pest management.
Eligibility Criteria of Randomized Clinical Trials in Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Heirali Alya , Heybati Kiyan , Sereeyotin Jariya , Khan Faizan , Yarnell Christopher , Krewulak Karla , Murthy Srinivas , Burns Karen E. A. , Fowler Robert , Fiest Kirsten , Mehta Sangeeta ,   Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, Rochwerg Bram N. , Tsang Jennifer LY
Published: January 2025

Importance

Eligibility criteria for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are designed to select clinically relevant patient populations. However, not all eligibility criteria are strongly justified, potentially excluding marginalized groups, and limiting the generalizability of trial findings.

Objective

To summarize and evaluate the justification of exclusion criteria in published RCTs in critical care medicine.

Evidence Review

A systematic sampling review of parallel-group RCTs published in the top 5 general internal medicine journals by impact factor (The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Medical Journal, and Annals of Internal Medicine) between January 1, 2018, and February 23, 2023, was conducted. RCTs enrolling adults in intensive care units (ICUs) and RCTs enrolling critically ill patients who required life-sustaining interventions typically initiated in the ICU were included. All study exclusion criteria were categorized as either poorly justified, potentially justified, or strongly justified, adapting previously established criteria, independently and in duplicate.

Findings

In total, 225 studies were identified, 75 of which were included. The median (IQR) number of exclusion criteria per trial was 19 (14-24), with 1455 total exclusion criteria. Common exclusion criteria were related to the risk of adverse reaction to interventions (302 criteria [20.8%]), followed by inability to obtain consent (120 criteria [8.2%]), and treatment limitation decisions (97 criteria [6.7%]). Most exclusion criteria were either strongly justified (1080 criteria [74.2%]) or potentially justified (297 criteria [20.4%]), whereas 5.4% (78 criteria) were poorly justified. Of the 78 poorly justified exclusion criteria, the most common were pregnancy (19 criteria [24.4%]), communication barriers (11 criteria [14.1%]), lactation (10 criteria [12.8%]), and lack of health insurance (10 criteria [12.8%]). Overall, 45 of 75 studies (60.0%) had at least 1 poorly justified exclusion criteria.

Conclusions and Relevance

Most exclusion criteria in critical care medicine RCTs were strongly justifiable. Across poorly justified criteria, the most common exclusions were pregnant or lactating persons, those with communication barriers, and individuals without health insurance. This highlights the need to carefully consider exclusion criteria when designing trials to minimize the inappropriate exclusion of participants and enhance generalizability.
Anthropometric Trajectories in Children Prior to Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Brusco De Freitas Maiara , Poulsen Gry Juul , Jess Tine
Published: January 2025

Importance

Poor nutrition and growth in childhood have short-term and long-term consequences, so understanding the timing of the onset of an impaired nutritional status is crucial for diagnosing and treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at its earliest stage.

Objective

To assess anthropometric trajectories before a pediatric diagnosis of IBD and growth recovery after diagnosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study included children born in Denmark from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2015, with weight and length or height measurements at birth and at least 1 length or height and weight measurement at school age based on the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Danish National Child Health Register. Within this population, all individuals diagnosed with IBD at ages 5 to 17 years, according to the Danish National Patient Register, were identified. Data were analyzed from October 13, 2023, to April 17, 2024.

Exposure

A pediatric diagnosis of IBD compared with the corresponding population without the disease.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome measures were z scores for length or height, weight, and body mass index (BMI [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]) before and after pediatric IBD diagnosis compared with reference and sibling populations.

Results

The final study population included 916 133 individuals (51.2% male) with a median of 3 pairs of length or height and weight measurements collected (IQR, 2-6 pairs). Of those, 1522 (median age, 14.3 years [IQR, 11.8-16.3 years]; 763 female [50.1%]) were diagnosed with IBD (851 [55.9%] with Crohn disease [CD] and 671 [44.1%] with ulcerative colitis [UC]). Compared with children without IBD, individuals with a later diagnosis of CD had declining anthropometric measures 3 years (weight: mean, −0.12 g [95% CI, −0.20 to −0.03 g]; BMI: mean, −0.13 [95% CI, −0.21 to −0.04]) and 1 year (length or height: mean, −0.20 cm [95% CI, −0.29 to −0.10 cm]) prior to diagnosis, whereas this was observed 1 year prior to a diagnosis of UC for weight (mean, −0.12 g [95% CI, −0.22 to −0.02 g]) and BMI (mean, −0.13 [95% CI, −0.23 to −0.03]). Deviating anthropometric patterns persisted after diagnosis, with the slowest recovery observed in children with CD.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this large-scale population-based cohort study of anthropometrics in children suggest impaired nutritional status as assessed by weight up to 3 years and by length or height 1 year before a diagnosis of CD and by weight up to 1 year before a diagnosis of UC. These findings emphasize that the onset of pediatric IBD may occur years prior to diagnosis, that growth recovery may first occur after diagnosis and treatment, and that frequent nutritional screenings may help ensure a healthy transition to adulthood.
Online correction of intrafraction motion during volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate radiotherapy using fiducial‐based kV imaging: A cohort study quantifying the frequency of shifts and analysis of men at highest risk
Authors: Serra Lucas M. , Wu Tianming , Korpics Mark C. , Yenice Kamil , Liauw Stanley L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Various methods exist to correct for intrafraction motion (IFM) of the prostate during radiotherapy. We sought to characterize setup corrections in our practice informed by the TrueBeam Advanced imaging package, and analyze factors associated with IFM.

Methods

132 men received radiation therapy for prostate cancer with a volumetric modulated arc therapy technique. All patients underwent planning CT immediately following transrectal placement of 3 fiducial markers. The most common RT course was 20 fractions (range: 17–44). Triggered kV images were acquired every 15 seconds over 2–3 full arcs using an onboard imaging system. IFM correction was considered when if any two fiducial markers in a single kV image were observed to be outside beyond a 3 mm tolerance margin. A manual 2D/3D match was performed using the fiducial markers from the single triggered kV image to obtain a suggested couch shift. Shift data for three (x, y, z) planes were extracted from the record and verify system and expressed as a single 3‐dimensional translation. Shift percent (SP) was defined as the number of instances of an intrafraction correction divided by the total number of fractions for a given patient.

Results

Over 2659 fractions of radiation, IFM was observed and corrected for 582 times across 463 (17%) fractions, and at least one shift was made over the course of treatment in 77% of men. Univariate analysis revealed that larger rectal volume or width, smaller prostate volume, and use of ADT were associated with SP > 20% (p < 0.05). Men with a rectal width >3.6 cm were more likely to have IFM corrected (SP > 20% 47% vs 18%, p = 0.0016). On multivariate analysis, only rectal volume and width were associated with IFM.

Conclusions

In this cohort study, 17% of fractions were interrupted to apply at least one couch shift. Men treated with shorter courses of therapy, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, or men at high risk for IFM (e.g. larger rectal size) may warrant more careful consideration regarding the implications of IFM.
Robust Boron Nitride Metamaterials with Negative Poisson's Ratio for Dual Thermal Management Strategies
Authors: Tian Li , Gu Haodong , Zhang Qiuqi , You Xiao , Wang Mengmeng , Cai Feiyan , Dong Shaoming , Yang Jinshan
Published: January 2025

Aerogel and its phase change composites are two reliable strategies for thermal management. However, the inherent instability of these porous structures hinders their further development and application. Herein, a robust boron nitride metamaterial (BNM) enhanced by the negative Poisson's ratio effect is proposed for dual thermal management strategies obtained by the sacrificial template method. The negative Poisson's ratio confers enhanced structural stability to the BNMs. On the one hand, the BNM exhibits resilience (5% residual strain after 100 cycles), temperature invariance, fire resistance, and thermal superinsulation at high temperatures (102.83 mW·m−1·K−1 at 1000 °C). On the other hand, the robust BNM overcomes structural deformation during the vacuum impregnation process to obtain isotropic phase change composites, achieving efficient thermal conductivity (1 W·m−1·K−1 with 4 vol% BNM) and thermal conductivity enhancement effect of 97%. These composites effectively encapsulate phase change materials, preventing liquefaction and leakage. This approach offers a reliable solution for simultaneously improving both the thermal management strategies.
A Nanoimmunoactivator Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Alleviates the Immunosuppression for Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Qingqing , Zhang Zhanzhan , Zhao Yu , Cao Xianghui , Li Qiushi , Feng Nana , Wu Xueyao , Wang Chun , Xiao Jian , Shi Linqi , Liu Yang
Published: January 2025

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Activating immune responses while alleviating negative feedback regulation offers a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, this work proposes a novel nanoparticle‐based immune activator (nanoIA), which can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and deliver small‐molecule immunomodulators to further enhance antitumor immune responses. NanoIA features a unique surface structure that enables it to induce ICD by targeting and retaining in the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells. Additionally, nanoIA can be loaded with various small‐molecule drugs and released in response to stimuli from the TME. This distinct capability enables nanoIA to initiate and amplify antitumor immune responses. This study employs two small‐molecule immunomodulators, JQ1 and NLG919, as examples for demonstration. NanoIA/JQ1 and nanoIA/NLG919 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, prolonging survival in tumor‐bearing mice, and preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. These results confirm nanoIA's ability to activate antitumor immune responses and  induce immune memory. This work provides new insights into the development of nanoparticles that actively participate in immune regulation.
Hetero‐Anionic Oxychalcogenides with Structures and Properties Tuned by the O:S Ratio
Authors: Cui Shaoxin , Yang Shuoxing , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Hetero‐anionic compounds containing two or more anions, their structures, and their properties are expected to be tunable through varying anionic ratios, yet their rational structural design is still a great challenge. Herein, it is reported that the first family of hetero‐anionic oxychalcogenides with their structures and properties are well‐tuned by the varied O:S ratios. These compounds consist of the trigonal Sr2(SnS4)2/3(SnOS3)1/3 (P3m1; O:S = 1:11), rhombohedral Sr2(GeS4)4/9(GeOS3)5/9 (R3; O:S = 1:6.2), orthorhombic Sr2[Ge(O0.89/S0.11)S3] (Ama2; O:S = 1:3.5), and orthorhombic Ba2(GeOS3)1/2(GeO2S2)1/2 (Pnma; O:S = 1:1.7), which are all considered as the derivatives of Sr2GeS4 with different O and S substitutions. The interesting structural transformation among them can be attributed to the “symmetry‐breaking” and “structure‐directing” properties of hetero‐anions. In addition, owing to the different electronegativity and polarizability of O and S atoms, the functional properties of these materials can be tuned based on the varied O:S ratios. Through rationally increasing the O:S ratio, an excellent infrared nonlinear optical crystal, Sr2[Ge(O0.89/S0.11)S3] exhibiting the best balance between large second harmonic generation response and wide band gap among all reported oxychalcogenides has been successfully designed. These will provide new insights for the rational design of hetero‐anionic functional materials, especially for the non‐centrosymmetric ones.
Bimodal In Situ Analyzer for Circular RNA in Extracellular Vesicles Combined with Machine Learning for Accurate Gastric Cancer Detection
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Luo Shihua , Liu Sinian , Yang Chao , Lv Weifeng , Liang Yuxin , Ji Tingting , Li Wenbin , Liu Chunchen , Li Xin , Zheng Lei , Zhang Ye
Published: January 2025

Circular RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV‐circRNAs) are gaining recognition as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). Most current research is focused on identifying new biomarkers and their functional significance in disease regulation. However, the practical application of EV‐circRNAs in the early diagnosis of GC is yet to be thoroughly explored due to the low accuracy of EV‐circRNAs analysis. In this study, a hybridization chain reaction system based on rectangular DNA framework guidance and constructing a bimodal EV‐circRNA in situ analyzer (BEISA) is developed. The analyzer can provide dual signal outputs in the fluorescence and electrochemical modes, enabling a self‐correcting detection mechanism that significantly improves the accuracy of the assay. It has a broad detection range and an extremely low limit of detection. In a clinical cohort study, the BEISA used four circRNAs as biomarkers, combining them with machine learning for multiparametric analysis, which effectively differentiated between healthy donors and patients with early‐stage GC. It is believed that the BEISA, in conjunction with machine learning technology, provides an efficient, sensitive, and reliable tool for EV‐circRNA analysis, aiding in the early diagnosis of GC.
Youthful Stem Cell Microenvironments: Rejuvenating Aged Bone Repair Through Mitochondrial Homeostasis Remodeling
Authors: Zhou Xinfeng , Tian Xin , Chen Jianan , Li Yantong , Lv Nanning , Liu Hao , Liu Tao , Yang Huilin , Chen Xi , Xu Yong , He Fan
Published: January 2025

Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells regulates antioxidant properties and bone metabolism by providing a favorable extracellular microenvironment. However, its functional role and molecular mechanism in mitochondrial function regulation and aged bone regeneration remain insufficiently elucidated. This proteomic analysis has revealed a greater abundance of proteins supporting mitochondrial function in the young ECM (Y‐ECM) secreted by young bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) compared to the aged ECM (A‐ECM). Further studies demonstrate that Y‐ECM significantly rejuvenates mitochondrial energy metabolism in adult BMMSCs (A‐BMMSCs) through the promotion of mitochondrial respiratory functions and amelioration of oxidative stress. A‐BMMSCs cultured on Y‐ECM exhibited enhanced multi‐lineage differentiation potentials in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo. Mechanistically, silencing of silent information regulator type 3 (SIRT3) gene abolished the protective impact of Y‐ECM on A‐BMMSCs. Notably, a novel composite biomaterial combining hyaluronic acid methacrylate hydrogel microspheres with Y‐ECM is developed, which yielded substantial improvements in the healing of bone defects in an aged rat model. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal role of Y‐ECM in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis and present a promising therapeutic strategy for the repair of aged bone defects.
GABAergic Progenitor Cell Graft Rescues Cognitive Deficits in Fragile X Syndrome Mice
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Jia‐Yu , Su Li‐Da , Wang Xin‐Tai , Bian Yu‐Peng , Wang Zhao‐Xiang , Ye Lu‐Yu , Lu Xin‐Jiang , Zhou Lin , Chen Wei , Yang Wei , Liu Jun , Wang Luxi , Shen Ying
Published: January 2025

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of clinical manifestations with no effective treatment strategy to date. Here, transplantation of GABAergic precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) is demonstrated to significantly improve cognitive performance in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. Within the hippocampus of Fmr1‐KO mice, MGE‐derived cells from wild‐type donor mice survive, migrate, differentiate into functionally mature interneurons, and form inhibitory synaptic connections with host pyramidal neurons. MGE cell transplantation restores Ras‐PKB signaling in pyramidal neurons, enhances AMPA receptor trafficking, rescues synaptic plasticity, and corrects abnormal hippocampal neural oscillations. These findings highlight the potential of GABAergic precursor cell transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for FXS.
Skeletal and Adipose Manifestations of Stress in a Contemporary Pediatric Sample
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi , Corron Louise , Hill Ethan C. , Perez Jordan , O'Donnell Michael , Wyatt Bronwyn
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Adverse experiences leading to physiological disruptions (stress) in early life produce cascade effects on various biological systems, including the endocrine and metabolic systems, which, in turn, shape the developing skeletal system. To evaluate the effects of stress on adipose and skeletal tissues, we examine the relationship between skeletal indicators of stress (porotic hyperostosis [PH] and cribra orbitalia [CO]), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters, and adipose tissue distribution in a contemporary pediatric autopsy sample.

Methods

Data is from 702 (409 males, 293 females) individuals from a pediatric (0.5–20.9 years) autopsy sample from New Mexico who died between 2011 and 2022. Data includes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the abdomen, heart, and liver, CO/PH, VNC size of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and BMD.

Results

We find that adipose tissue distribution and location are differentially associated with CO/PH, BMD, and VNC size; VNC size is smaller, and liver adiposity is higher in those with CO/PH. Further, increased VAT and small VNC size are associated with PH presence and low BMD. Body mass index categories do not correspond with porous cranial lesion presence.

Conclusions

This paper provides evidence for the complex relationship between skeletal markers of early‐life stress (CO/PH, reduced VNC size, low BMD) and endocrine system function. VAT distribution and VNC size are partly shaped by stressors during gestation, likely through alterations of the HPA axis. It is possible that alterations of the HPA axis due to gestational stress also shape the expression of porous cranial lesions during exposure to childhood stressors.
Long‐range inputome of prefrontal GABAergic interneurons in the Alzheimer's disease mouse
Authors: Ren Miao , Li Yuxiao , Jiang Tao , Liu Bimin , Li Xuhan , Jia Xueyan , Li Anan , Luo Qingming , Gong Hui , Li Xiangning
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by damage to cortical circuits. However, the mechanisms underlying AD‐associated changes in long‐range circuits remain poorly understood.

METHODS

In this study, we used viral tracing and fluorescence micro‐optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) imaging to investigate whole‐brain changes in the input circuit of the frontal cortex of 5×FAD mice.

RESULTS

Pathological axonal degeneration was widely observed in upstream regions, including the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, across all AD brains examined. The proportion of input neurons projecting to parvalbumin‐expressing neurons, compared to those projecting to somatostatin‐expressing neurons, decreased in the hippocampus and basal forebrain. This decline was closely related to mouse age and the cell type of the presynaptic input neurons.

DISCUSSION

This study demonstrates the selective vulnerability of long‐range circuits in the prelimbic area in AD at the mesoscopic level, thereby enhancing our understanding of circuit architecture degeneration across the brain.

Highlights

We used whole‐brain imaging with single‐cell resolution to generate brain‐wide input maps of the Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

The pathological changes in the input proportions showed relevance with the mouse age, distribution, and cell type of the presynaptic input neurons.

Compared to the cell body and dendrites of the medial prefrontal cortex input neurons, the pathological changes in the axonal structure are more extensive.