bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação profissional no Brasil: motivos socioeconômicos e ideológicos da política educacional
Authors: DEITOS ROBERTO ANTONIO , LARA ANGELA MARA DE BARROS
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Neste artigo analisamos os aspectos socioeconômicos e ideológicos da política educacional nacional para a educação profissional no Brasil em período recente (2003-2013). Buscamos compreender as justificativas e os argumentos sustentadores das proposições governamentais apresentadas para a implementação e a operacionalização das ações e programas para as políticas públicas de educação profissional. Assim, examinamos alguns aspectos dessas justificativas e argumentos socioeconômicos e ideológicos que consideram a existência de deficiências formativas da força de trabalho e que, desse modo, estariam produzindo insuficientes condições operacionais e funcionais para atender a demandas dos setores produtivos e, consequentemente, elevar a escolarização, a qualificação e a renda salarial no país.
Co-occurrence of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya & Subba Raju and Microcystis panniformis Komárek et al. in Mundaú reservoir, a semiarid Brazilian ecosystem
Authors: Moura Ariadne do Nascimento , Bittencourt-Oliveira Maria do Carmo , Chia Mathias Alii , Severiano Juliana Santos
Published: December 2015

Abstract The influence of temperature and nutrients on the co-occurrence of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis panniformis in Mundaú reservoir was investigated. Samples were collected bimonthly from September 2008 to March 2009 with a Van Dorn bottle at two depths (surface and bottom) (n = 16). Water temperature was greater than 22.50 °C; pH values ranged from 6.09 to 8.42; and nitrogen-phosphorus ratios were low (0.11-1.46). The low N:P ratios indicated high phosphorus input, and an eutrophic to hypereutrophic condition in the reservoir. A significant positive correlation of spatial and temporal distribution of C. raciborskii with M. panniformis was observed. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) results revealed significant association of the biomass of most cyanobacterial species with temperature and nutrients concentration. However, these factors did not explain the co-occurrence of C. raciborskii and M. panniformis. On the other hand, morphological and physiological adaptations such as the possession of aerotopes and production of mucilage, and co-operation between the two species permitted niche overlap, and consequently the co-occurrence of C. raciborskii and M. panniformis in Mundaú reservoir.
“My Worker Was There When it Really Mattered”: Foster Care Youths' Perceptions and Experiences of Their Relationships with Child Welfare Workers
Authors: Augsberger Astraea , Swenson Emilie
Published: December 2015

The study examines foster care youths' perceptions of their relationships with child welfare caseworkers, including the characteristics youth value and the supports they seek surrounding decision making while in foster care. Interviews were conducted with 18 foster care youth. Qualitative analysis identified perceived trust as an overarching theme connecting three subthemes: worker continuity, worker nonjudgmental listening, and worker ability/willingness to transcend the confines of the role. Workers should receive specialized training so they can better understand the developmental stages of adolescence and emerging adulthood, view these youth in the context of the youths' life experiences, and refine their interpersonal skills to better respond to the needs of this age group. Policy and program efforts should focus on reducing workforce turnover.
The Impact of In-Home Services from Child Protective Services on Child Maltreatment Recurrence: A Process Model
Authors: Kang Jiyoung
Published: December 2015

This study examined the impact of child protective services (CPS) in-home services on child maltreatment recurrence, mediated by perceived match between services and needs and by stress. The process model was tested using structural equation modeling, with 373 caregivers who were reported to Illinois CPS. The findings indicate that among CPS in-home service components (concrete services, clinical services, and emotional support), only emotional support had indirect effects on child maltreatment recurrence; emotional support from a caseworker increased the perceived match between services and needs; the perceived match decreased perceived stress; and decreased stress reduced child maltreatment recurrence. The importance of family-centered practice in child welfare and the need for trainings are discussed.
Predictors of Stable Housing for Homeless Women Leaving a Sex Work-Exiting Program
Authors: Bowen Elizabeth A. , Canfield James P. , Trostle Amy , Harley Dana
Published: December 2015

Women who have experienced homelessness while engaging in sex work have complex service needs. A variety of social service programs have been developed to assist women in exiting sex work, but there is little research documenting the outcomes of such programs, particularly with regard to housing. This study examined participant characteristics associated with obtaining stable housing for homeless women leaving a residential sex work-exiting program in Cincinnati, Ohio. Though a number of demographic, sex work-related, and participant need characteristics were linked to the likelihood of obtaining housing in the bivariate analyses, only participants' length of stay in the program remained significant in the multivariate model. Implications for research, practice, and policy with this vulnerable population are explored.
A Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Clinic: The University of North Carolina Experience
Authors: McKee Megan J. , Keith Kevin , Deal Allison M. , Garrett Amy L. , Wheless Amy A. , Green Rebecca L. , Benbow Julie M. , Dees E. Claire , Carey Lisa A. , Ewend Matthew G. , Anders Carey K. , Zagar Timothy M.
Published: December 2015

Background.

Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) confers a poor prognosis and is unusual in requiring multidisciplinary care in the metastatic setting. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) has created a BCBM clinic to provide medical and radiation oncology, neurosurgical, and supportive services to this complex patient population. We describe organization and design of the clinic as well as characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of the patients seen in its first 3 years.

Methods.

Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients in a prospectively maintained database. Descriptive statistics are reported as percentages and means. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time-to-event outcomes.

Results.

Sixty-five patients were seen between January 2012 and January 2015. At the time of presentation to the BCBM clinic, most patients (74%) had multiple (≥2) brain metastases and had received prior systemic (77%) and whole-brain radiation therapy and/or central nervous system stereotactic radiosurgery (65%) in the metastatic setting. Seventy-eight percent returned for a follow-up visit; 32% were enrolled in a clinical trial. Median time from diagnosis of brain metastasis to death was 2.11 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–2.47) for all patients, 1.15 years (95% CI 0.4–2.43) for triple-negative breast cancer, 1.31 years (95% CI 0.51–2.52) for hormone receptor-positive/HER2− breast cancer, and 3.03 years (95% CI lower limit 1.94, upper limit not estimable) for HER2+ breast cancer (p = .0037).

Conclusion.

Patients with BCBM have unique and complex needs that require input from several oncologic disciplines. The development of the UNC-CH multidisciplinary BCBM clinic is a model that can be adapted at other centers to provide coordinated care for patients with a challenging and complex disease.
From seedling to sapling: tree species responses to spatial and temporal understory light heterogeneity in disturbed tropical montane forests
Authors: Méndez-Dewar Guadalupe , González-Espinosa Mario , Equihua Miguel
Published: December 2015

Difficulties in measuring small-scale light heterogeneity in forest understories is reflected in the classification of species, conventionally based on their responses to gaps or shade, rarely present in uniform conditions in space and time. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity expressed as a contrast between direct vertical light and light coming from the surroundings allows for a better assessment of the understory light environment and thus of the effect of its variation on species performance. Using repeated measures, we evaluated the effect of vertical light, contrast, and distance to the gap center on the performance of transplanted seedlings of Alnus acuminata, Cornus excelsa, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus laurina and Persea americana. Highlands of Chiapas between 999 and 2005 in eight plots of pine-oak forest, each one with a small gap in the middle. Illumination was evaluated with hemispherical photographs at the beginning and the end of the study. We measured stem slenderness and survival after one, two, four, and six years following transplantation. Distance had an effect on survival of Alnus and Liquidambar. Vertical light only had an effect on Liquidambar slenderness. Contrast explained slenderness of Liquidambar, Cornus and Quercus, and survival of Liquidambar, Quercus and Persea conditional on plant age. Initial light contrast predicted the final condition well, which vertical light did not. Contrast between two gradients of the same resource produced a remarkable improvement in the predictive power of light over the performance of the studied species describing the small variations of light in forest understory.
Social and Cultural Features of the Development Components of Creativity in Primary School Children (for example, Russian and Tajiks schoolchildren)
Authors: Abdurahmonov G.N.
Published: December 2015

The problem of the development of the components of creativity in primary school age in different cultures. According to the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature concludes that the primary school age is asensitive period in the development of creativity. The hypothesis of the study is that the socio-cultural environment influences the development of the components of creativity in primary school children. The article presents the results of a study of the components of creativity in different cultures(for example, Russian and Tajik schoolchildren). Showing differences in the manifestation of the components of creativity in cultural and gender inTajik and Russian school children. According to the results of the study concluded that, in contrast to the Russian school education inTajik schools does not encourage the growth of an important component of creativity-originality. Substantiates the manifestation of socio-cultural features representatives of the two samples on the contents of the drawings.
The Joint Play Senior Preschool Children with Atypical and Regulatory Development in the Inclusive Group of Kindergarten
Authors: Lvova A.D. , Kotliar I.A.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this article was to analyze the joint play of children with atypical and regulatory development in the inclusive group of kindergarten. Modified method of play activities analysis by E.O. Smirnova and I.A. Ryabkova was used [14]. Sample consisted of 92 preschoolers (49 children aged 5,5-7,2 were visiting senior group). 21 children with atypical development and 43 children aged 6,1-7,5 years were attending the preparatory group. 22 children have features of development. All children attend inclusive kindergarten in Moscow. A total of 63 games initiated by children were described and analyzed. The duration of play, playing displays initiative, taking on the role of play, peculiarities of play actions were included in the analysis. The differences of play development levels between children with regulatory and atypical development were found. It was found that levels of joint children’s playing may differ. During one game its level in one child may vary. Hypothesis that playing together is a condition for establishing a zone of proximal development for children was confirmed.
Gene expression of components of the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway in response to heat stress in the garter snake,Thamnophis elegans
Authors: Schwartz Tonia S. , Bronikowski Anne M.
Published: December 2015

The insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway is an evolutionary conserved molecular signaling pathway that regulates growth, reproduction, stress resistance, and longevity in response to nutrition and external stress. While the constituents of this pathway and their functions are relatively well understood in laboratory model animals, they have not been explored in many other organisms, with notable exceptions in the fisheries literature. We tested for the gene expression of four key components of this pathway in the garter snake (Thamnophis elegans) liver, and determine how the transcription of these components responds to heat stress. We found that the two insulin-like growth factor ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and the receptors (IGF-1 Receptor and M6P/IGF-2 Receptor, or IGF-1R and IGF-2R) are expressed in garter snake liver tissue. Under normal laboratory conditions, IGF-2 and IGF-2R are expressed at a higher level than IGF-1 and IGF-1R. In response to heat stress, IGF-1 expression remained the same, IGF-2 expression decreased, and the expression of both receptors increased. These results demonstrate that elements of the IIS pathway are responsive to heat stress in snakes. Further studies are needed to fully understand the biological consequences of this response.
Morphological modulation of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells by hydroxybenzoate compounds during apoptosis
Authors: Mahdi Jassem G , Mahdi Ahmed J , Mahdi Eamon J G , Abdulsatar Asma , Mahdi Ali J , Manning Abigail J , Pepper Chris J
Published: December 2015

Hydroxybenzoate (HB) compounds have shown to modulate the morphology in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. The changes in HT-1080 cells showed marker signs of apoptosis, which included the condensation of nucleus, cell round, blebbing and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The different stages of apoptosis were assessed microscopically using different staining and immunohistochemical techniques, as well as scanning electron microscopy. In addition, HB compounds increased the expression of caspase-3, which is closely associated with the development of the modulation in HT-1080 cells that are undergoing the programmed cell death. Both acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and HBZn compounds were dose and treatment duration dependent.
The Temperature Effect on Properties of Fe-Co-Ni Nanostructured System
Authors: Pugachev V.M. , Zakharov Yu.A. , Datiy K.A. , Popova A.N. , Bogomyakov A.S.
Published: December 2015

The influence of heating process (up to 200, 400 and 600 °C) on the phase transformation of non-equilibrium biphase Fe-Co-Ni systems was studied. The system was not changed at 200 °C, it remained nanostructured, and there were no phase transformations. At higher temperatures phase transformation BCC- into FCC-phase (high-temperature phase modification) was observed. The degree of phase transformation depended on the system composition. At 400–600 °C there was coarsening of the crystallites. In addition, there was the phenomenon of system oxidizing attended by iron outflow from phase; as a result, the lattice parameters were decreased. According to the measurements of the lattice parameters at coolingdown, parameters dependences on temperature and coefficients of thermal expansion were obtained. Changing of the system composition (due to metal oxidation) had low impact on the coefficients. The phases with different compositions and close lattice parameters had different coefficients of expansion. It was supposed that the expansion coefficients dependence from the composition was not additive. Magnetic characteristics of the samples were measured. It was found that heating changed it essentially. The main reasons of it was coarsening of grains (crystallites) and changes of the phase composition. The dependence of the magnetic properties of systems on phase composition and size of the crystallites (particles), as well as changes occurring under the temperature effect were required a more detailed study.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures on Iron Nanopowders Obtained by Electrical Explosion of Wires
Authors: Partizan G. , Мansurov B. , Мedyanova B. , Аliyev B. , Jiang Xin
Published: December 2015

This work presents the results of experiments on synthesis of carbon nanostructures by the method of thermal chemical vapor deposition using iron nanopowders obtained by the method of electrical explosion of wires as catalysts. To study the process of nucleation and growth of individual carbon nanostructures, experiments were conducted not only on nanopowders, but also on the separated clusters. To determine the optimum conditions of the carbon nanostructures synthesis and lower temperature limit, experiments were performed at different temperatures (300–700 °C) and pressures (100–400 mbar). The experiments have shown that the lower temperature limit for carbon nanostructures synthesis on the iron nanopowders is 350 °C and in this process the growth of carbon nanostructures is not so massive. Stable growth of carbon nanostructures for nanopowders as well as for the separated clusters began from 400 °C during the entire range of pressures. In contrast to the carbon nanostructures on nanopowders, in the case of the separated clusters a strong
dependence of their nucleation and growth on temperature and pressure was traced.
New Supports for Carbon-Metal Catalytic Systems Based on Shungite and Carbonizates of Plant Raw Materials
Authors: Tokpayev R.R. , Atchabarova A.A. , Abdullayeva S.A. , Nechipurenko S.V. , Yefremov S.A. , Nauryzbayev M.K.
Published: December 2015

In this paper, new carbon containing materials based on products of shungite ore enrichment and carbonizates of plant raw materials were studied. The phase transformations occurring during the carbonization process were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the surface topography. It was established that supports based on plant raw materials have more developed and homogeneous surface. Specific surface area and porosity was studied by BET (Method of Brunauer-Emmet Taylor). It was found that supports based on plant raw materials have developed microporous surface (383–480 m2/g), with predominant micropores on the surface with dimensions of 1.8–2.5 nm. The mechanical strength of the obtained supports is higher than their industrial analogs and it equals 53–91%. Conversion of methylbutynol on active centers of supports was studied. Supports based on plant raw materials have basic active sites whereby they can be used in base catalysis. Supports based on carbon-mineral raw materials possess acid and basic active sites and they can be used to prepare bidirectional type action of catalysts. Conducted research have shown the possibility of using these materials as supports for creating carbon-metal catalyst systems.
Specific Features of Solid Fuels Combustion in Oxygen Atmosphere with Recirculation of CO2
Authors: Melnikov D.A. , Ryabov G.A.
Published: December 2015

Aspects of coal combustion have been experimentally studied under oxyfuel conditions, one of the promising technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Here, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method was chosen as an experimental technique. Coal pyrolysis tests performed under an O2/CO2 atmosphere were compared with a conventional O2/N2 environment in terms of reaction rate and total volatile yield. Combustion of the resulting chars in the corresponding atmospheres revealed somewhat different combustion rates with a less vigorous reaction in the O2/CO2 medium. The two manipulated factors – namely, the inherently different char reactivities due to the different atmospheres they were obtained in and the different atmospheres of the actual combustion process – were distinguished by performing another series of tests with chars pyrolysed under identical conditions using a standard routine. These chars also showed a weaker reaction in O2/CO2 atmosphere, which was attributed to the lower binary diffusion coefficient of the O2/CO2 pair. The activity of the char – CO2 gasification reaction in an O2/CO2 environment was also investigated and revealed some contribution of this reaction to the conversion process. This was particularly noticeable at temperatures above 750 °C and under an internal diffusional controlled regime (zone II), implying displacement of oxygen out of the char particle pore volume, which allowed free reaction of CO2 on the developed pore surface. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis of the intrinsic kinetics of the oxidation reaction in O2/CO2 revealed no particular difference compared to the O2/N2 medium, at least when the char-CO2 reaction was inhibited. The obtained data were used to develop a coal combustion model under O2/CO2 conditions, which was then incorporated as a combustion module into circulating fluidized bed (CFB) computation software.
Virtual Learning System Usage in Higher Education – A Study at Two South African Institutions
Authors: Padayachee Indira , Van Der Merwe Alta , Kotzé Paula
Published: December 2015

In higher education institutions various VLSs have been formally adopted to support online teaching and learning. However, there has been little research on patterns of VLS use among educators. The purpose of the research was to provide a descriptive analysis of VLS feature usage, and associated challenges at two South African higher education institutions. A case study research strategy was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis. Survey findings revealed four clusters of VLS feature usage, namely, communication, management, content and pedagogic. Analysis showed that the ‘content cluster’ was used more than the other clusters. The average usage of the ‘pedagogic cluster’ for Durban University of Technology (DUT) was significantly greater than that of University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), which tentatively indicates that staff development seems to be an important aspect of VLS usage. There was no significant difference in the usage of the ‘communication’ and ‘management’ clusters between the two institutions, DUT and UKZN. The study contributes to the body of system utilisation research by confirming an uneven pattern of VLS feature usage among educators, whilst providing fresh insights into the challenges associated with the usage of two different VLSs in two different universities.
BELATED COMMENT to: `What is Informatics?' (2007)
Authors: Gruner Stefan
Published: December 2015

When I wrote my above-mentioned letter to the editor of SACJ several years ago (2007), I had not been aware of the fact that the Austrian computer pioneer Heinz Zemanek (1920-2014) had published an article of the same title already in the year 1972 in the Management Informatics journal. In that publication, Zemanek had characterised informatics as a new type of an engineering discipline - i.e.: the informatician emerges as new type of engineer for abstract objects (instead of material devices). His notion of 'abstract object' Zemanek had defined already four years earlier in the journal Elektronische Rechenanlagen (1968): abstract objects can generally represent both the structure of linguistic expressions as well as the various sub-states of finite automata. Zemanek reconfirmed his point of view in the Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift (1973), in which he stated with regard to the goals and purposes of informatics: "man braucht dazu Ingenieure neuer Art: sie hantieren mit abstrakten Objekten, wie sie bisher nur in der Mathematik vorkamen". Though further definitions of the term 'informatics' have been numerous since then, Zemanek's early definition continues to possess (i.m.h.o.) a true core, and is also by-and-large compatible with the opinion which I had expressed previously about this topic in this journal.
Optimizing Utilization of Nypa Sap as Bioethanol Basic Materials for the Rural Community in Increasing the National Economic Growth
Authors: Kiyat Warsono El , Munibah Yunida , Rahma Elmus , Mubarok Yusron
Published: December 2015

Nypa has a relatively big potential as raw material for bioethanol. Total area of nypa plants in Indonesia is 700,000 hectare. Utilization of nypa sap in Indonesia are still not optimal because of the low interest and ability to process it to be other useful product. The rural community tends to only process nypa sap into sugar, but the quality of the sugar produced is very less because the salt is still contained in the sap. So the price is cheaper than other sugar. Utilization of nypa sap needs to be done by turning them into other useful product such as bioethanol to strengthen the Indonesian economic sectors. The method of data collection are used in this paper is the library research. This research use descriptive qualitative method. The analysis used in this research is a descriptive analysis. Based on the study, nypa sap is able to produce seven types of biofuels that can replace the fossil fuels, such as nypa bioethanol 100%; nypa biokerosene 70%; nypa biopertamax 95% with pertamax plus 5% ethanol; biopremium e20 nypa 80% with gasoline plus 20% ethanol; biopremium e85 nypa 25% with gasoline plus 85% ethanol, biodiesel and gliserin biodiesel nypa plus CPO (Crude Palm Oil). Calculation of bioethanol production from nypa sap each year is 3 million kL. Strategic steps that should be done in utilizing the nypa sap for the rural community, include: 1) socialize the utilization of nypa sap as a raw material for bioethanol; 2) give the demonstration and practice the process to make bioethanol from nypa sap; 3) establish the reference industrial; 4) grant the loan or capital; 5) grant the supporting production equipment and technology; and 6) monitoring and evaluation.

Keywords: bioethanol, nypa sap, the rural community
Study on Revitalization of a Small-Scale Biodiesel Plant with 6 tpd Capacity in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan
Authors: Amri Khairil , Paryanto Imam , Solikhah Maharani Dewi
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to find a solution on revitalization of the biodiesel plant of 6 tons/day capacity in Serongga, Klumpang Hilir Sub-district, Kotabaru District at Province of South Kalimantan that managed by the Local Government of Kotabaru. Based on the surveys, the biodiesel plant has not worked properly for 3 years since the last commissioning. The reasons for the biodiesel plant not operating were caused by technical, management and economic problems. This paper studied the technical problem, calculation of the estimation cost for repair, replacement and installation of equipments and instruments, analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Treat (SWOT), and analysis of economic feasibility in the operation of biodiesel plant. Based on the SWOT Analysis, it was found that the operation of biodiesel plant was strongly influenced by the security of supply and price of raw material, local government efforts to penetrate the market, and increased added-value of by-product. To increase the economic value of the plant in the future, a review on the economic and sensitivity analysis of several options was conducted. The available solutions were to revitalize the plant and operate the plant at the existing location (Scenario 0), to integrate biodiesel plant into a nearby palm oil mill (Scenario 1) and to move the plant at the mining site (Scenario 2). Economic calculation analysis results that integrating biodiesel plant with palm oil mill nearby was the best option (Scenario 1). Based on sensitivity analysis of Scenario 1, financial margin was strongly influenced by the CPO, methanol and biodiesel prices

Keywords: Biodiesel Plant, Revitalization, SWOT, Economic Analysis, Integration
A Review of Considered Factors to Penetrate Renewable Energy Resources in Electrical Power System
Authors: Giyatno Dhanis Woro Fittrin Selo Nur
Published: December 2015

As an increasing of load demand, scarcity of fossil fuel and penetration of greenhouse gasses (GHG) effect, utilization of renewable energy resources (RER) such as wind, solar, biomass and tidal are rising drastically. Distributed generation (DG) is a technology giving opportunity to integrate RER into power system network. These integrations are needed optimal long term planning. Those planning, hopefully, can increase reliability of electrical power system network while saving environment from GHG with minimum infestation, operation and maintenance cost. The aim of this paper is reviewing factors should be consider when preparing, operating and evaluating electrical power system with integration of RER. By this planning, it is expected that its integration is effective and efficient in a lifetime of project. Finally, this review can help government, researcher, engineer and private sector to make policies to preparing hybrid power system-DGs.  

Keywords: Penetration of renewable energy resources, electrical power system, long term planning, distributed generation, policies  
El determinismo de Newton-Laplace en el derecho positivo de la legislación colombiana frente a la incertidumbre de Heisenberg en el ejercicio médico
Authors: Alarcón-Nivia Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: hacer una reflexión sobre la tendencia de la legislación colombiana que regula el ejercicio médico, cada vez más impregnada del positivismo de Lombroso, Ferri y Garofalo, seguidores de la corriente determinista de Newton-Laplace, según la cual todo es pronosticable.

Tesis: la medicina es una de las disciplinas humanas con más alta probabilidad de producir beneficios o desenlaces aleatorios.

Conclusiones: la normatividad debe estar embe­bida de la prudencia que le es propia, para no sitiar a los profesionales de la medicina.
Asociación entre conocimientos de anticoncepción y embarazo no planeado. Estudio de corte transversal
Authors: Cuervo-Vergara Sergio Augusto , Garrido-Gutiérrez Jesús David , Vélez-Álvarez Gladys Adriana , Zuleta-Tobón John Jairo
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: medir la asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos sobre la resolución de problemas en la utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos y la presencia de embarazo no planeado en mujeres que usan métodos anticonceptivos de corta acción. Establecer la prevalencia del embarazo no planeado y describir actitudes, percepciones y características de la atención en las actividades de planificación familiar.

Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres entre 14 y 49 años de edad, que acudieron a realizarse una prueba de embarazo a una institución de salud del sector público, de bajo nivel de complejidad, que atiende población del régimen de aseguramiento subsidiado por el Estado en la ciudad Medellín (Colombia). Antes de obtener el resultado de la prueba de embarazo se les realizó una encuesta estructurada y un test coacerca de su conocimiento para resolver situaciones que pueden afectar la efectividad de los métodos de anticoncepción dependientes de la mujer.
Resultados: se realizaron 471 encuestas, el 75,2 % de las mujeres no planeaban embarazarse y el 57 % tuvieron un embarazo no planeado. La mediana del nivel de conocimientos fue del 50 % (p25: 37,5 %, p75: 62,5 %). La razón de prevalencias de embarazo no planeado con nivel medio y alto de conocimientos fue 0,56 (IC 95 %: 0,34-0,92).

Conclusión: el conocimiento sobre la resolución de los problemas que afectan la efectividad de los métodos anticonceptivos que dependen del buen uso de la mujer para garantizar esa efectividad se asocia a menor frecuencia de embarazo no planeado.
Asociación entre edad materna avanzada y los resultados perinatales en una clínica universitaria de Cartagena (Colombia), 2012: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva
Authors: Rivas-Perdomo Edgar E.
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: evaluar la posible asociación entre la edad materna avanzada y los resultados perinatales adversos.

Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de cohortes históricas con gestantes que tuvieron parto en la Clínica Universitaria San Juan de Dios en Cartagena (Colombia), durante el 2012; esta es una institución general de carácter privado, de tercer nivel de complejidad. Tamaño muestral: 160 pacientes por grupo con base en una frecuencia esperada de muerte fetal en el grupo expuesto del 22%, en el grupo no expuesto del 10 %, con un nivel de confianza del 95 % y un poder del 80 %. Muestreo aleatorio simple. Se midieron las variables demográficas, la edad gestacional al momento del parto, peso y talla de los recién nacidos, Apgar a los 5 minutos y vía del parto. Se consideraron los resultados perinatales adversos; como resultado primario, la muerte fetal in utero, y secundarios el parto pretérmino y la asfixia perinatal. Se hace una descripción de las características basales de los dos 15grupos; para evaluar la asociación con los resultados se estimó el riesgo relativo (RR) y el respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95 %.

Resultados: el riesgo relativo (RR) de muerte fetal intrauterina dada la edad avanzada de la gestante fue de 1,33 (IC 95 %: 0,59-2,99). El RR de prematurez, dada la edad materna avanzada, fue de 0,94 (IC 95 %: 0,42-2,05) y, finalmente, el RR de asfixia perinatal dada la edad materna avanzada fue de 0,96 (IC 95 %: 0,66-1,39).

Conclusiones: no se encontró que la edad materna sea un factor de riesgo para malos resultados perinatales.
Prevalencia del resultado de citología de células escamosas atípicas que no excluye lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (ASC-H), en dos instituciones de Bogotá (Colombia), 2006-2013
Authors: Hernández-Tiria María Camila , Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de citologías cérvico-vaginales con hallazgo citológico de tipo células escamosas atípicas que no descartan lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (ASC-H), en dos centros de patología cervical, y determinar en ellas la prevalencia de lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (LEI-AG) por biopsia.
Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en el cual se incluyen todas las pacientes que se practicaron citologías en dos centros de colposcopia en Bogotá: un hospital público y un centro de colposcopia privado, en el periodo comprendido entre 2006-2013. Se identificaron las citologías ASC-H, se realizó muestreo consecutivo, se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas de las pacientes atendidas, el resultado colposcópico y el resultado de biopsia. En el análisis se presenta la prevalencia  del resultado ASC-H, y sobre el número de pacientes con resultado de ASC-H se estimó la prevalencia de LEI-AG por histopatología.
Resultados: se identificaron 357 citologías ASC-H de 23.960 citologías anormales, calculando una prevalencia del 1,49 % (IC 95 %: 1,34-1,64). Se dispuso de estudio histopatológico en 230 pacientes (65 %); en las pacientes con citología ASC-H la prevalencia de LEI-AG fue de 26,5 %.
Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio mostraron una prevalencia de ASC-H del 1,49 %. Dado que un importante número de pacientes tienen lesión intraepitelial de alto grado, se recomienda la realización de biopsia dirigida por colposcopia en pacientes con estos resultados.
Mechanisms of Imidacloprid-Induced Alteration of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis after Subchronic Exposure in Male Rats
Authors: Annabi Alya , Dhouib Ines El-Bini , Dkhili Houssem , Bdiri Yassine , Rejeb Ines , Gharbi Najoua , El-Fazâa Saloua , Montassar Lasram Mohamed ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.
Published: December 2015

Imidacloprid (IMI) is known to target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in insects, and potentially in mammals. However, IMI toxicity on mammalian tissues has not been adequately evaluated. The aim of the present study was to examine whether IMI induced functional impairment in hypthalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis tissues. An oral exposure of 40 mg IMI/kg for 28 days in male rats caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase showed various alterations following administration, but a significantly depleted thiol (SH) groups was only recorded in hypothalamic tissues. The increase in the relative weight of adrenal glands and the increased adrenal cholesterol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels are indicative of general adaptation syndrome. The hypothalamic and pituitary acetylcholinesterase activity and calcium level were significantly increased, highlighting the alteration of cholinergic transmission. In conclusion, the findings obtained show that chronic exposure to IMI may alter biochemical processes of HPA axis.
Las expectativas de búsqueda del primer empleo de universitarios con formación híbrida. El caso de una universidad pública mexicana
Authors: Simón Javier Damián
Published: December 2015

Se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación cualitativa más amplia cuyo objetivo principal es identificar los factores que facilitarían u obstaculizarían la inserción laboral de los egresados universitarios con formación híbrida.A partir de las representaciones sociales de diez egresados de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Empresariales fue posible identificar tres factores que facilitarían la consecución del primer empleo tales como la formación multidisciplinaria, la calidad de su formación universitaria y el prestigio de su universidad de origen. En escasa medida algunos refieren desde su propio imaginario tres factores obstaculizadores en su inserción laboral: la falta de liderazgo y sociabilidad, la falta de experiencia laboral y el bajo promedio escolar obtenido a lo extenso de su formación universitaria.
Estrategias de capacitación desarrolladas en un entorno corporativo estatal en Uruguay
Authors: Gambetta Marcelo
Published: December 2015

El problema de investigación abordado se basó en analizar si las estrategias de capacitación corporativa desarrolladas en una empresa estatal uruguaya eran capaces de lograr un cambio comportamental en sus integrantes que ayudara a conformar tanto aprendizajes significativos individuales como aprendizaje organizacional. Las preguntas que la investigación buscó responder fueron: ¿De qué forma se alineaban los planes de capacitación con los objetivos corporativos? ¿La capacitación se desarrollaba sistemáticamente o era ocasional? ¿Cuáles eran los métodos que se utilizaban para llevar a cabo la capacitación corporativa? ¿De qué manera se medía el impacto de la capacitación impartida?Para realizar el estudio se propuso una investigación cualitativa. Las principales conclusiones del mismo fueron las siguientes:La oferta de cursos era variada, con diversas modalidades de enseñanza y orientada a todo tipo de empleado.Habría un escaso conocimiento de los objetivos estratégicos empresariales.La capacitación modificaría actitudes y comportamientos, aunque esto dependería principalmente de cada persona.El cambio comportamental se reflejaría principalmente a nivel del trabajo grupal y la interacción humana.No existirían, en general, mecanismos de apoyo formal que incentivaran la capacitación de los funcionarios de la empresa, especialmente en cursos comportamentales.Habría una escasa instrumentación de la medición del impacto de los cursos de capacitación.Los participantes aplicarían los conocimientos recibidos, aunque muchos se capacitarían para desarrollarse personalmente sin intención de utilizar los conocimientos en la empresa.El mecanismo de inscripción a cursos no resultaría del todo adecuado.La organización brindaría una educación facultadora de los participantes y un aprendizaje situado, si bien la capacitación impartida y el entorno organizacional no estarían demasiado alineados como para poder aplicar los conocimientos recibidos.La empresa no promovería la gestión del conocimiento adquirido.
Defining the scale of habitat availability for models of habitat selection
Authors: Paton Robert Stephen , Matthiopoulos Jason
Published: December 2015

Statistical models of habitat preference and species distribution (e.g., Resource Selection Functions and Maximum Entropy approaches) perform a quantitative comparison of the use of space with the availability of all habitats in an animal's environment. However, not all of space is accessible all of the time to all individuals, so availability is in fact determined by limitations in animal perception and mobility. Therefore, measuring habitat availability at biologically relevant scales is essential for understanding preference, but herein lies a trade‐off: Models fitted at large spatial scales, will tend to average across the responses of different individuals that happen to be in regions with contrasting habitat compositions. We suggest that such models may fail to capture local extremes (hotspots and coldspots) in animal usage and call this potential problem, homogenization. In contrast, models fitted at smaller scales will vary stochastically depending on the particular habitat composition of their narrow spatial neighborhood, and hence fail to describe responses when predicting for different sampling instances. This is the now well‐documented issue of non‐transferability of habitat models. We illustrate this tradeoff, using a range of simulated experiments, incorporating variations in environmental gradients, richness and fragmentation. We propose diagnostics for detecting the two issues of homogenization and non‐transferability and show that these scale‐related symptoms are likely to be more pronounced in highly fragmented or steeply graded landscapes. Further, we address these problems by treating the neighborhood of each cell in the landscape grid as an individual sampling instance (with its own neighborhood), hence allowing coefficients to respond to the local expectations of environmental variables according to a Generalized Functional Response (GFR). Under simulation this approach is consistently better at estimating robust (i.e., transferable) habitat models at smaller scales, and less susceptible to homogenization at larger scales. At the same time, it represents the first application of a GFR to continuous space (rather than multiple, spatially distinct datasets), allowing the predictive advantages of this extension of species distribution models to become available to data from large‐scale but single‐site field studies.
The role and function of sport economic studies on higher education
Authors: Borbély Attila
Published: December 2015

Sport economy is a new discipline in domestic and international higher education. In this paper I would like to introduce the present situation and experiencies of sport correlation with economic sciences. I am looking for the answer, for what role and possibilities does sport economic master program in Hungary have.

JEL code: Z2
Coach education approach in 16 Hungarian sport federations results of the first sport organizational audit
Authors: Géczi Gábor , Bartha Csaba , Kassay Lili , Sipos-Onyestyák Nikoletta , Gulyás Erika
Published: December 2015

Nowadays the Hungarian government finances the sports in many ways; one of these grant forms is the group of 16 prioritized sports (biking, boxing, fencing, gymnastic, judo, track and field, kayak-canoeing, modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, skating, swimming, tennis, table tennis, volleyball and wrestling) which are supported notably by the Hungarian Olympic Committee (HOC) till 2020. The purpose of the 1st sport vocational audit was to identify the current status of these sports, and also to create a database in many fields as a benchmark of the development. The sport management department of the Semmelweis University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (TF) contracted with the Hungarian Olympic Committee (HOC) in order to carry the sport vocational audit out. A sport develops if the numbers of the athletes grow or the results of the national teams are better. The coaches are the key persons in this development, if they could gather more children into the sport or they work better with the elite athletes the development has already done. It was examined the existence of the coach education programs; all the federations were running coaching programs for adults (OKJ) in both levels (coach assistant, coach). By 14 associations existed the first level of the higher education coaching program (BSc) and in 13 federations operated the MSc coaching program as well. All these coaching courses were common programs with schools, or universities. It was no evidence found that the federations run own coaching program but coaching license system existed in two sports at the time of the investigation.
Changing of the broadcasting rights in connection with the Winter Olympic Game in Sochi
Authors: Várhegyi Ferenc , András Krisztina
Published: December 2015

The authors examine how the broadcasting rights have changed relating to the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) changed media politics in the case of to the Winter Olympic Games in 2014. They present the market of the broadcasting rights and the changing of the incomes of the media rights fees. They are also examining the target of the IOC relating to the television market and exploring how it might impact the life of the broadcasting and public service media.
Athletes—the invisible resources of sports organizations
Authors: Gősi Zsuzsa , Géczi Gábor
Published: December 2015

Sports organizations must prepare an annual report on their operation and assets, pursuant to the current Act on Accounting. However, when preparing this report, one must face the difficulty of defining the value intellectual assets and human resources represent, and the impossibility of its inclusion in financial statements. Therefore there is a significant difference between the value shown in accounting and the fair value of sports organizations.
The relevance of sports financing
Authors: Becsky-Nagy Patrícia , Dékán Tamás , Szőke Réka , Bács Zoltán
Published: December 2015

According to estimations sports exploit approximately two percent of world GDP. In addition sports represent an important function in culture, socialization and also in education, act an outstanding role in economy, as well, though academic researchers cannot find positive relationship between sports financing and economic growth. Sports were originally civil actions, with non-profit nature, where they did not aspire to reach high returns, but fulfilment of sport itself. However returns can be realized and reinvested in sports. This paper tries to collect the different aspects of sports financing in order to highlight its relevance.