bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Normobaric versus Hypobaric Oxygenation on Gaseous Microemboli Removal in a Diffusion Membrane Oxygenator: An In Vitro Comparison
Authors: Schuldes Matthew , Riley Jeffrey B. , Francis Stephen G. , Clingan Sean
Published: July 2023

Gaseous microemboli (GME) are an abnormal physiological occurrence during cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several studies have correlated negative sequelae with exposure to increased amounts of GME. Hypobaric oxygenation is effective at eliminating GME in hollow-fiber microporous membrane oxygenators. However, hollow-fiber diffusion membrane oxygenators, which are commonly used for ECMO, have yet to be validated. The purpose of this study was to determine if hypobaric oxygenation, compared against normobaric oxygenation, can reduce introduced GME when used on diffusion membrane oxygenators. Comparison of a sealed Quadrox-iD with hypobaric sweep gas (.67 atm) vs. an unmodified Quadrox-iD with normal atmospheric sweep gas (1 atm) in terms of GME transmission during continuous air introduction (50 mL/min) in a recirculating in vitro circuit, over a range of flow rates (3.5, 5 L/min) and crystalloid prime temperatures (37°C, 28°C, and 18°C). GME were measured using three EDAC Doppler probes positioned pre-oxygenator, post-oxygenator, and at the arterial cannula. Hypobaric oxygenation vs. normobaric oxygenation significantly reduced hollow-fiber diffusion membrane oxygenator GME transmission at all combination of pump flows and temperatures. There was further significant reduction in GME count between the oxygenator outlet and at the arterial cannula. Hypobaric oxygenation used on hollow-fiber diffusion membrane oxygenators can further reduce GME compared to normobaric oxygenation. This technique may be a safe approach to eliminate GME during ECMO.
Hyperlactatemia and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Minton Jonathon , Sidebotham David A.
Published: July 2023

The normal blood lactate level is 0–2 mmol/L, and a value above 3–5 mmol/L is variably used to define hyperlactatemia. In cardiac surgical patients, hyperlactatemia can arise from both hypoxic and non-hypoxic mechanisms. The major non-hypoxic mechanism is likely stress-induced accelerated aerobic metabolism, in which elevated lactate results from a mass effect on the lactate/pyruvate equilibrium. The lactate/pyruvate ratio is normal (<20) in this circumstance. Hyperlactatemia can also result from impaired global or regional oxygen delivery, in which case the lactate/pyruvate ratio is typically elevated (>20). Lactate is a strong anion that is virtually fully dissociated at physiological pH. As such, increased lactate concentration reduces the strong ion difference and exerts an acidifying effect on the blood. Hyperlactatemia in cardiac surgery patients has been categorized as either early or late onset. Early-onset hyperlactatemia is that which develops in the operating room or very early following intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Early-onset hyperlactatemia is strongly associated with adverse outcome and probably arises as a consequence of both hypoxic (e.g., microcirculatory shock) and non-hypoxic (accelerated aerobic metabolism) mechanisms. By contrast, late-onset hyperlactatemia is a benign, self-limiting condition that typically arises within 6-12 hours of ICU admission and spontaneously resolves within 24 hours. Late onset hyperlactatemia occurs in the absence of any evidence of global or regional tissue hypoxia. The mechanism of late onset hyperlactatemia is not understood. Hyperlactatemia is a common accompaniment to treatment with β2-agonists such as epinephrine. Epinephrine-induced hyperlactatemia is thought to be due to accelerated aerobic metabolism and requires no specific intervention. Irrespective of the cause, the presence of hyperlactatemia should trigger a search for remedial causes of impaired tissue oxygenation, bearing in mind that normal—or even supranormal—indices of global oxygen delivery may exist despite regional tissue hypoperfusion.
Use of Volatile Anesthetic Agent in Extracorporeal Circuit as a Cause of Break in Polycarbonate Connector–Lessons Learnt
Authors: Gowda Deepak , Rashmi K , Pandarinathan Naveen , Desai Neelam
Published: July 2023

Mishaps, near misses, and lethal incidents are known to occur during cardiopulmonary bypass. We share one such rare case of break in polycarbonate connector because of the use of isoflurane in extracorporeal circuit and its successful management.
Nichtkleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2023

Bei nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen (NSCLC) im Stadium III/IV und einer PD-L1-Expression von ≥ 50 % kommen als Erstlinientherapie der Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitor Pembrolizumab und alternativ dessen Kombination mit einer platinbasierten Chemotherapie in Betracht. Pons-Tostivint et al. verglichen retrospektiv beide Optionen in einem Real-World-Szenario und ermittelten Prädiktoren für das Überleben.
Noise from green energy technologies could impact fish and crustaceans
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2023

Marine energy converters create acoustic effects that could impact important species in the ocean’s food chain.
Development of advanced photon calibrator for Kamioka gravitational wave detector (KAGRA)
Authors: Inoue Y. , Hsieh B. H. , Chen K. H. , Chu Y. K. , Ito K. , Kozakai C. , Shishido T. , Tomigami Y. , Akutsu T. , Haino S. , Izumi K. , Kajita T. , Kanda N. , Lin C. S. , Lin F. K. , Moriwaki Y. , Ogaki W. , Pang H. F. , Sawada T. , Tomaru T. , Suzuki T. , Tsuchida S. , Ushiba T. , Washimi T. , Yamamoto T. , Yokozawa T.
Published: July 2023

The Kamioka Gravitational wave detector (KAGRA) cryogenic gravitational-wave observatory has commenced joint observations with the worldwide gravitational wave detector network. Precise calibration of the detector response is essential for accurately estimating parameters of gravitational wave sources. A photon calibrator is a crucial calibration tool used in laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory, Virgo, and KAGRA, and it was utilized in joint observation 3 with GEO600 in Germany in April 2020. In this paper, KAGRA implemented three key enhancements: a high-power laser, a power stabilization system, and remote beam position control. KAGRA employs a 20 W laser divided into two beams that are injected onto the mirror surface. By utilizing a high-power laser, the response of the detector at kHz frequencies can be calibrated. To independently control the power of each laser beam, an optical follower servo was installed for power stabilization. The optical path of the photon calibrator’s beam positions was controlled using pico-motors, allowing for the characterization of the detector’s rotation response. Additionally, a telephoto camera and quadrant photodetectors were installed to monitor beam positions, and beam position control was implemented to optimize the mirror response. In this paper, we discuss the statistical errors associated with the measurement of relative power noise. We also address systematic errors related to the power calibration model of the photon calibrator and the simulation of elastic deformation effects using finite element analysis. Ultimately, we have successfully reduced the total systematic error from the photon calibrator to 2.0%.
Controlled transition to different proton acceleration regimes: Near-critical-density plasmas driven by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses
Authors: De Marco Shivani Choudhary , Mondal Sudipta , Margarone Daniele , Kahaly Subhendu
Published: July 2023

A controlled transition between two different ion acceleration mechanisms would pave the way to achieving different ion energies and spectral features within the same experimental set up, depending on the region of operation. Based on numerical simulations conducted over a wide range of experimentally achievable parameter space, reported here is a comprehensive investigation of the different facets of ion acceleration by relativistically intense circularly polarized laser pulses interacting with thin near-critical-density plasma targets. The results show that the plasma thickness, exponential density gradient, and laser frequency chirp can be controlled to switch the interaction from the transparent operating regime to the opaque one, thereby enabling the choice of a Maxwellian-like ion energy distribution with a cutoff energy in the relativistically transparent regime or a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum in the opaque regime. Next, it is established that a multispecies target configuration can be used effectively for optimal generation of quasi-monoenergetic ion bunches of a desired species. Finally, the feasibility is demonstrated for generating monoenergetic proton beams with energy peak at E≈20–40 MeV and a narrow energy spread of ΔE/E≈18%–28.6% confined within a divergence angle of ∼175 mrad at a reasonable laser peak intensity of I0 ≃ 5.4 × 1020 W/cm2.
Framework for global stability analysis of dynamical systems
Authors: Datseris George , Luiz Rossi Kalel , Wagemakers Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Dynamical systems that are used to model power grids, the brain, and other physical systems can exhibit coexisting stable states known as attractors. A powerful tool to understand such systems, as well as to better predict when they may “tip” from one stable state to the other, is global stability analysis. It involves identifying the initial conditions that converge to each attractor, known as the basins of attraction, measuring the relative volume of these basins in state space, and quantifying how these fractions change as a system parameter evolves. By improving existing approaches, we present a comprehensive framework that allows for global stability analysis of dynamical systems. Notably, our framework enables the analysis to be made efficiently and conveniently over a parameter range. As such, it becomes an essential tool for stability analysis of dynamical systems that goes beyond local stability analysis offered by alternative frameworks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of models, including climate, power grids, ecosystems, and more. Our framework is available as simple-to-use open-source code as part of the DynamicalSystems.jl library.
Student interpreters predict meaning while simultaneously interpreting - even before training
Authors: Amos Rhona M. , Seeber Kilian G. , Pickering Martin J.
Published: July 2023

Prediction has long been considered advantageous in simultaneous interpreting, as it may allow interpreters to
comprehend more rapidly and focus on their own production. However, evidence of prediction in simultaneous interpreting to date is
relatively limited. In addition, it is unclear whether training in simultaneous interpreting influences predictive processing
during a simultaneous interpreting task. We report on a longitudinal eye-tracking study which measured the timing and extent of
prediction in students before and after two semesters of training in simultaneous interpreting. The students simultaneously
interpreted sentences containing a highly predictable word as they viewed a screen containing four pictures, one of which depicted
a highly predictable object. They made predictive eye movements to the highly predictable object both before and after their
training in simultaneous interpreting. However, we did not find evidence that training influenced the timing or the magnitude of
their prediction.
Oxidative and abrasive wear of multiphase AlSi0.75TiMnFeCux (X = 0, 0.25, 0.5) high entropy alloy under non-lubricating reciprocating motion
Authors: Lee Hansung , Kim Minsu , Sharma Ashutosh , Ahn Byungmin
Published: July 2023

In this study, dry sliding wear of AlSi0.75TiMnFeCux ( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) high-entropy alloy (HEA) produced through mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) was studied. The microstructure and phase evolution were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear behaviour of HEAs was assessed by reciprocating wear monitor under a dry air atmosphere. The findings demonstrated that AlSi0.75TiMnFeCux HEAs were multiphase body-centred cubic (BCC/B2) solid solution structured with complex µ-, L21, and Laves. It was discovered that the microhardness and wear behaviour of AlSi0.75TiMnFeCux were comparable to AlSi0.75TiMnFe HEA after the addition of Cu up to 0.25 molar ratio. The maximum hardness of the AlCu0-0.5FeMnTiSi0.75 HEAs reached around 1021–1035 HV. The tribology results show that an oxidative wear in AlSi0.75TiMnFe while the mixed adhesive-abrasive wear mechanism was prominent in the AlSi0.75TiMnFeCu0.25-0.5 HEAs.
Transporting Cold Atoms towards a GaN-on-Sapphire Chip via an Optical Conveyor Belt
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Ling-Xiao , Chen Guang-Jie , Chen Liang , Yang Yuan-Hao , Xu Xin-Biao , Liu Aiping , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling , Xiang Guo-Yong
Published: July 2023

Trapped atoms on photonic structures inspire many novel quantum devices for quantum information processing and quantum sensing. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid photonic-atom chip platform based on a GaN-on-sapphire chip and the transport of an ensemble of atoms from free space towards the chip with an optical conveyor belts. Due to our platform’s complete optical accessibility and careful control of atomic motion near the chip with a conveyor belt, successful atomic transport towards the chip is made possible. The maximum transport efficiency of atoms is about 50% with a transport distance of 500 μm. Our results open up a new route toward the efficient loading of cold atoms into the evanescent-field trap formed by the photonic integrated circuits, which promises strong and controllable interactions between single atoms and single photons.
A potential third-generation gravitational-wave detector based on autocorrelative weak-value amplification
Authors: Huang Jing-Hui , He Fei-Fan , Duan Xue-Ying , Wang Guang-Jun , Hu Xiang-Yun
Published: July 2023

Reducing noises and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) have become critical for designing third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors with a GW strain of less than

10

−
23

 

H
z

−
1

. In this paper, we propose a potential third-generation GW detector based on autocorrelative weak-value amplification (AWVA) for GW detection with a strain of

h
g

=
 
4
×

10

−
25

 

H
z

−
1

. In our scheme, a GW event induces a phase difference

Δ
ϕ

by passing through a 11-bounce delay line, 10-km arm-length, zero-area Sagnac interferometer illuminated with a 1064-nm laser. Subsequently,

Δ
ϕ

is amplified as the parameter of post-selection by choosing the appropriate pre-selected state and coupling strength in AWVA. In particular, we theoretically investigate the AWVA measurements for GW detection within the frequency band of 200 Hz

⩽
 

f
g

 
⩽

800 Hz, considering Gaussian noises with negative-decibel SNRs. The peak response of the AWVA sensitivity

κ
(

f
g

)

occurs at frequency

f

g
,

m
a
x

= 500 Hz, which falls within the frequency band of interest of the current third-generation GW detectors. Our simulation results indicate that AWVA can demonstrate a measurable sensitivity of the autocorrelation coefficient

Θ
(

f
g

)

within the frequency band of interest. Moreover, the robustness of WVA shows promising potential in mitigating the effects of Gaussian noises.
Wigner time delay in photoionization: a 1D model study
Authors: Elghazawy Karim I , Greene Chris H
Published: July 2023

In scattering theory, the Wigner–Smith time delay, calculated through a phaseshift derivative or its multichannel generalization, has been demonstrated to measure the amount of delay or advance experienced by colliding particles during their interaction with the scattering potential. Fetic, Becker, and Milosevic argue that this concept cannot be extended to include photoionization, viewed as a half-scattering experiment. Their argument is based on the lack of information about scattering phaseshifts in the part of the wavefunction (satisfying the ingoing-wave boundary condition) going to the detector. This article aims to test this claim by examining a photodetachment process in a simple 1D model with a short-range symmetrical potential. Using time-dependent perturbation theory with a dipole interaction, the relevant wavepacket of the outgoing particle is analyzed and compared to the free wavepacket as a reference. Our findings confirm that, indeed, a time delay arises in the liberated fragmentation wavepacket, which is expressed as an energy derivative of the scattering phaseshift. Our study highlights that the source of the phaseshift content in the wavepacket arriving at the detector is the dipole matrix element, which is a direct consequence of imposing the ingoing-wave boundary condition. We illustrate our results through numerical simulations of both the non-free and free wavepackets. The amount of the observed time delay is found to be half of that appearing in a typical scattering experiment.
A comprehensive dynamic continuous model of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters under arbitrary excitation considering electrodes and protective layers
Authors: Cao Yalei , Wang Jianjun , Liao Yangchao , Tang Lihua
Published: July 2023

Piezoelectric stack energy harvesters, by virtue of the higher mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion capability in the d
33 mode, have been used widely in various fields, such as railway system, roadway system, and human motion. Dynamic continuous models (DCMs) of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters can more accurately reflect the electromechanical behavior but are difficult to be established due to complex coupling between layers, particularly in the presence of arbitrary loads. The existing models often only considered harmonic excitations and often ignored electrodes and protective layers for simplicity. This paper proposed a comprehensive DCM of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters considering the electrodes and protective layers, which can be used to study the electromechanical performance of the energy harvester under both harmonic excitation and arbitrary excitation. Comparisons of the developed generic DCM with the analytical model based on piezoelasticity theory (a DCM which only considers the harmonic excitation) and the simplified model (a quasi-static continuous model which ignores inertia force of piezoelectric stack) are presented, with good agreements. Furthermore, the experiment results of two shapes of piezoelectric stacks, including tube and circular, are used to further confirm the reliability of the proposed model. In addition, effects of the electrode and protective layers on the dynamic properties are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the proposed DCM is effective and versatile to guide the design of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters subject to various types of loads.
Non-negative wavelet matrix factorization-based bearing fault intelligent classification method
Authors: Dong Zhilin , Zhao Dezun , Cui Lingli
Published: July 2023

There are more and more bearing fault types under considering the fault location and degree, and the corresponding fault classification task is becoming increasingly heavy. Raw signals that have not been processed or simply processed are directly input into convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification, resulting in poor classification performance. Aiming at this issue, a time–frequency joint metric feature extraction technique named non-negative wavelet matrix factorization (NWMF) is developed to extract more effective features by comprehensively leveraging the advantages of continuous wavelet transform and non-negative matrix factorization. Based on the NWMF and CNN, an effective intelligent diagnosis framework is constructed to detect bearing fault. In the proposed framework, based on the NWMF, a non-negative basic matrix with smaller size is calculated from the original time–frequency spectrum and it includes bearing fault-related internal core information. In addition, a novel CNN is developed to identify locations and sizes of fault bearing based on the calculated internal core information. For verifying the effectiveness of the proposed framework in handling heavier tasks, the types of bearing faults in the experiments are set up to 15, the results and comparative analysis reveal that the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are much better than the other traditional machine learning methods and original deep learning methods, such as the support vector machine, random forest and residual neural network.
Scraper conveyor shape sensing technology based on orthogonal optical fiber strain
Authors: Chen Ningning , Fang Xinqiu , Feng Haotian , Liang Minfu , Wu Gang , Song Yang , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2023

Intelligent perception of a scraper conveyor straightness and attitude monitoring of mechanical supporting equipment in the stope have practical and theoretical values for mining. This study proposed an optical fiber curvature sensor and a scraper conveyor’s curve reconstruction method. The optical fiber curvature sensor comprises the fiber grating strain sensing optical cables, the flexible substrate, and the packaging material. The coordinate positions of each monitoring point are obtained through the strain–curvature conversion relationship and the slope recurrence algorithm, and then the reconstruction curve is obtained by fitting. The finite element simulation verifies the feasibility of the curve reconstruction method used for the deformation monitoring via optical fiber curvature sensors. The reconstruction error analysis results show that the root mean square error of reconstructions for two kinds of 2D plane bending and 3D space bending are 2.98%, 1.89%, and 3.13%, respectively. Their mean absolute errors are 8.9, 3.56, and 9.82 mm, respectively, verifying the feasibility and high accuracy of the proposed curve reconstruction equation. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the shape perception and straightening control of scraper conveyors in the intelligent working surface.
Low-rank and periodic group sparse based signal denoising method for rolling bearing fault feature extraction
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Xinxin , Tang Weili , Mao Hanling , Huang Zhenfeng
Published: July 2023

Vibration signal analysis is a vital method of achieving rolling bearing fault feature extraction, but the fault impulses contained in the vibration signals are susceptible to interference from noise, making it difficult to extract fault features. In order to effectively extract the fault features of rolling bearings, an adaptive low-rank (LR) and periodic group sparse (AdaLRPGS) denoising method is proposed. Firstly, an AdaLRPGS model is constructed, which is not only an improvement of the classical sparse LR method, but also can effectively enhance the LR and periodic group sparsity of the failure impulses. Secondly, an adaptive period prior matching method is proposed to adaptively match the period of the fault impulses, and the moth flame optimization algorithm is utilized to adaptively search the regularization parameter of the AdaLRPGS model, and then the rule for determining the regularization parameter is summarized in the simulation analysis, which solves the dependence of the AdaLRPGS model on the period prior and regularization parameter. Finally, the solution procedure of the AdaLRPGS model is derived under the framework of the alternating direction method of multipliers. The simulated and measured signals are analyzed using the proposed method and compared with some advanced methods. The results show that the proposed method can extract the fault features of rolling bearings and has significant advantages compared with some advanced methods.
Analysis of AlN monolayer as a prospective cathode for aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: He Shanshan , Li LeiLei , Qiao Yanping , Liu Xiaojie , He Shan , Li Qiuhong , Guo Donghui
Published: July 2023

Developing cathode materials with high specific capability and excellent electrochemical performance is crucial for the advancement of aluminum-ion batteries, which leverage the high theoretical energy density of aluminum metal anodes. In this paper, we investigated the interaction of

AlCl
4

cluster and Al atom with AlN (−100) and (001) monolayer using density functional theory to assess the applicability of AlN as cathode material for aluminum-ion batteries. The results show that the AlN (001) monolayer is the most effective for adsorbing and accommodating

AlCl
4

clusters. Moreover, the AlN (001) monolayer maintains metallic behavior at different concentrations of the

AlCl
4

cluster, laying the foundation for its battery application. The theoretical storage capacity of the

AlCl
4

cluster is 105.93

mAhg

−
1

,

which exceeds that of the Al/graphite battery. The formation energy of

AlCl
4

-intercalated AlN compounds is −2.74 eV, and the intercalant gallery height is moderate. Furthermore, the diffusion barrier of 0.19 eV for

AlCl
4

cluster between the AlN (001) monolayer provides high rate capability. The results indicate that AlN monolayer may be a potential cathode material for aluminum-ion batteries.
Graphene oxide-Mn3O4 nanocomposites for advanced electrochemical biosensor for fumonisin B1 detection
Authors: Sarpal Sandeep , Singh Avinash Kumar , Bhardwaj Hema , Puri Nitin Kumar , Solanki Pratima R
Published: July 2023

Occurrence of mycotoxins in food samples threat to its safety issue due to the presence of high toxicity and carcinogenic behavior, thus requiring highly sensitive and selective detection. Herein, the trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles in combination with graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite were used to enhance the electrochemical performance for fabrication of electrochemical biosensor for fumonisin B1 (FB1) detection. The various characterization tools were used to validate the fabrication of GOMn3O4 nanocomposites. To fabricate the electrochemical biosensor on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate, a thin film of GOMn3O4 nanocomposite was prepared using electrophoretic deposition technique, and antibodies (ab-FB1) were immobilized onto the electrode for selective FB1 detection. The differential pulse voltammetry technique was used to observe the sensing performance. The non-binding sites of the ab-FB1 on the immunoelectrode were blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The biosensor electrode was fabricated as BSA/ab-FB1/GOMn3O4/ITO for the detection of FB1. The sensitivity of the biosensor was obtained as 10.08 μA ml ng−1 cm−2 in the detection range of 1 pg ml−1 to 800 ng ml−1 with a limit of detection of 0.195 pg ml−1. In addition, the recovery of BSA/ab-FB1/GOMn3O4/ITO immunoelectrodes was also performed on sweet corn samples and is calculated to be 98.91%.
Learning strange attractors with reservoir systems
Authors: Grigoryeva Lyudmila , Hart Allen , Ortega Juan-Pablo
Published: July 2023

This paper shows that the celebrated embedding theorem of Takens is a particular case of a much more general statement according to which, randomly generated linear state-space representations of generic observations of an invertible dynamical system carry in their wake an embedding of the phase space dynamics into the chosen Euclidean state space. This embedding coincides with a natural generalized synchronization that arises in this setup and that yields a topological conjugacy between the state-space dynamics driven by the generic observations of the dynamical system and the dynamical system itself. This result provides additional tools for the representation, learning, and analysis of chaotic attractors and sheds additional light on the reservoir computing phenomenon that appears in the context of recurrent neural networks.
A historical and conceptual analysis of Archimedes’ Principle in higher education textbooks and its relevance for teachers
Authors: Hidalgo Juliana M , Ramalho Erisvaldo , Anselmo Dory H A L
Published: July 2023

We analyze how Archimedes’ Principle has been presented in higher education textbooks. We consider the historical point of view and reflect on specific conceptual aspects: the presentation of a limit of validity for the Principle, which emerges from the Hydrostatic Paradox studied by Galileo, and the consideration of effects arising from the surface tension of liquids. Our investigation reveals that virtually all the analyzed textbooks include conceptual and historical incongruities. Considering this scenario, we present elements that can be discussed in the classroom, in conjunction with the teaching of Archimedes’ Principle.
Dirichlet averages of the generalized confluent hypergeometric function
Authors: Pal Ankit , Kumari Kiran
Published: July 2023

This article deals with the representation of Dirichlet averages of the generalized confluent hypergeometric function (also referred to as a Mittag-Leffler-confluent hypergeometric function), which are presented by means of the Pathway fractional integral operator and of the generalized hypergeometric functions of multiple variables. Additionally, certain particular cases are taken into account when the aforementioned Dirichlet averages coincide with the confluent hypergeometric function and generalized Wright hypergeometric functions.
Stability of thin-shell-wormhole in Robertson-Walker closed universe I: static universe
Authors: Amirabi Zahra
Published: July 2023

We construct a generic thin-shell wormhole (TSW) in the Robertson -Walker (RW) cosmological model of the Universe. The general formalism is presented and here in this paper—the first part of the research- we investigate the stability of the TSW constructed in the static RW universe. To do so, we perform two different stability analyses namely a mechanical linear radial perturbation and a small speed exact (not linearized) perturbation. It is shown that the corresponding TSW is stable against a linear radial perturbation provided that the variable equation of state of the surface energy-momentum tensor is finely tuned. On the other hand, the exact stability analysis in the context of small-speed perturbation reveals that the throat of the TSW for the closed static universe oscillates between the center of the Universe and the outer boundary.
First-principles study of the mixing effects of rare earth solute atoms on the physical properties of Al2RE phases in Al-based alloys at finite temperatures
Authors: Fan Touwen , Ruan Zixiong , Xiao Faxin , Wu Yuanzhi , Liu Wei , Cao Yuxin , Ye Tuo , Hu Te , Chen Dongchu
Published: July 2023

The structural stability, mechanical properties, internal nucleation and growth mechanisms, and surface energies of Al2RE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) second phases in Al alloys have been investigated by combining first-principles calculations with the Debye model. The results show that the lattice mismatch

δ

of Al2RE precipitates with Al matrix, which determines the strength of materials associated with dislocation slips, are closely related to the transferred electron e
t between Al and RE atoms. Furthermore, the methods of cluster expansion (CE) and special quasi-random structures (SQS) have been adopted to calculate the mixing enthalpy H

x
of Al2RE11−xRE2x (RE1 = La, Ce, Pr, Nd; RE2 is the rest RE atoms) for studying the possibility of replacing in the Al2RE (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) compounds, which is explored in experiments, and it is found that the mixing enthalpy H

x
increases with the substitute concentration. The calculated elastic constant C
ij, bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E decrease with increasing atomic number from Sc to Y at first, and then increases to Lu; while the Cauchy pressure C
12-C
44 and pugh’s ratio B/G show the opposite trends. Moreover, the critical nucleation radius R* and coarsening rate K
LSW of Al2RE are obtained from the classical nucleation theory (CNT) and LSW model, respectively. The results show that, the R* for all interfaces decreases from Y to La at first, and then increases linearly to Lu; whereas the K
LSW of all models increases from Y to Ce firstly, and then changes very little. Finally, the calculated surface energy E
sur of all Al2RE compounds is much higher than that of Al, and with the increase of atomic number, E
sur of Al2RE intermetallic compounds decreases firstly from Sc to La, and then increases to Lu. The result is helpful for the further optimal designing high performance of Al alloys.
Modeling and analysis of a fractional-order nonlinear epidemic model incorporating the compartments of infodemic and aware populations
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Goel Kanica
Published: July 2023

Whenever an epidemic outbreak emerges in society, false information regarding the disease’s transmission, cure, and control always spreads alongside the disease. People with inaccurate information about the disease can significantly contribute to disease spread by misleading others, which slows down the efforts of health professionals to control the disease and makes the control of the disease more difficult to achieve. Those who have consumed inaccurate information about the disease’s spread, control, and treatment and pass on this information to others without verifying its authenticity are referred to as ‘the infodemic population’ in the present study. The good news is that by educating and providing accurate information to the infodemic population, they can be made informed and aware. In the present study, we propose a five-compartmental (Susceptible-Infodemic-Aware-Infected-Recovered) fractional-order epidemic model with nonlinear incidences to capture the impact of the infodemic population along with the aware population on the disease transmission dynamics. The model is mathematically analyzed for two equilibria: the infection-free equilibrium and the positive equilibrium. With the help of the threshold parameter

R

0

,

known as the basic reproduction number, we analyze the local and global stabilities of both equilibria. We investigate that the infection-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable when

R

0

<
1
.

Moreover, the positive equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable when

R

0

>
1
.

Finally, we provide some numerical results in support of the theoretical results.
Investigation of fundamental electrical and optoelectronic properties of an organic- and carbon-based MnPc/GC photodiode with high photosensitivity
Authors: Aktas Sitki , Unal Fatih , Kurt Mustafa Sukru , Koç Mümin Mehmet , Arslan Tayfun , Aslan Naim , Coşkun Burhan
Published: July 2023

The aim of this work is to provide an alternative to optoelectronic devices that use carbon and organic materials. To achieve this, we coated a modified MnPc organic semiconductor compound onto a graphite-like carbon (GC) thin film using the thermal evaporation technique, and fabricated an organic-based, highly light-sensitive MnPc/GC hybrid heterojunction. The heterojunction had a transmittance of approximately 60% in the visible region, an absorption coefficient of ∼106 m−1, and an energy band gap of 2.6 eV. Subsequently, Ag contacts were grown on the surface of each layer, and the Ag/MnPc/GC/Ag photodiode was subjected to fundamental electrical analysis at various light intensities and a ±3 V applied potential. Analysis in a dark environment revealed that the photodiode had a rectification ratio of 2.59 × 103, a series resistance of 28 Ω, and a shunt resistance of 4.17 × 104 Ω, as calculated from Ohm’s law. The diode ideality factor and barrier height of the photodiode were determined from thermionic emission theory to be 5.60 and 0.71 eV, respectively, and it was observed that these decreased with increasing light intensity. The photodetector parameters of the MnPc/GC hybrid photodiode were determined under positive and negative applied potentials at various light intensities. The highest photocurrent, photoconductive responsivity, photosensitivity, and specific detectivity were determined to be 1.512 × 10−1 A, 11.52 A.W−1, 9.83 × 105, and 2.48 × 1012 Jones, respectively, which were significantly higher than those reported in literature for organic and inorganic-based photodiodes. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the Ag/MnPc/GC/Ag photodiode holds promise as an alternative for sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, and optoelectronic communications applications.
Nearby active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies as sources of the measured UHECRs anisotropy signal
Authors: de Oliveira Cainã , de Souza Vitor
Published: July 2023

The Pierre Auger and the Telescope Array observatories have measured independent and statistical significant anisotropy in the arrival direction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). Three hotspot regions with relative excess of events and a dipole signal have been identified in different regions of the sky and energy ranges. In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which these anisotropy signal could be generated by nearby (<23 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) and/or starburst galaxies (SBG). We studied a wide range of possibilities including injected nuclei (p, He, N, Si, and Fe), three UHECR luminosity proxies and three extragalactic magnetic field models. The results shows that both local AGN and SBG are needed to describe all the anisotropy signal. The contribution of AGN to hotspots and to the generation of the dipole is dominant in most cases. SBG is required only to explain the hotspot measured by the Telescope Array Observatory.
Extension of ELM suppression window using

n

=
4

RMPs in EAST
Authors: Xie P. , Sun Y. , Ma Q. , Gu S. , Liu Y.Q. , Jia M. , Loarte A. , Wu X. , Chang Y. , Jia T. , Zhang T. , Zhou Z. , Zang Q. , Lyu B. , Fu S. , Sheng H. , Ye C. , Yang H. , Wang H.H. ,   the EAST Team
Published: July 2023

The q
95 window for Type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) suppression using n = 4 even parity resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been significantly expanded to the ranges [3.9, 4.1] and [4.2, 4.8] in EAST while maintaining good confinement, which is demonstrated to be reliable and repeatable over the last two years. This window is significantly wider than the previous one achieved using n = 4 odd parity RMPs, which is around

q

95

=
3.7
±
0.1

. Here, n represents the toroidal mode number of the applied RMPs and q
95 is the safety factor at

95
%

of the normalized poloidal magnetic flux. During ELM suppression, there is only a slight drop in the plasma stored energy and density (

⩽
10
%

). The comparison of changes in the pedestal profiles suggests that ELM suppression is achieved when the pedestal gradient is kept lower than a threshold. This wide q
95 window for ELM suppression is consistent with the prediction made by MARS-F modeling prior to the experiment, which located it at one of the resonant q
95 windows for plasma response. The Chirikov parameter taking into account plasma response near the pedestal top, which measures plasma edge stochasticity, significantly increases when q
95 exceeds 4, mainly due to the denser neighboring rational surfaces. The modeling of plasma response reveals a strong coupling between resonant and non-resonant components across the pedestal region, which is a characteristic of the kink-peeling like response observed during RMP-ELM suppression in previous studies on EAST. These promising results demonstrate the reliability of ELM suppression using the n = 4 RMPs in EAST and expand the physical understanding on ELM suppression mechanism.
Spatio-temporal solid-state electrocaloric effect exceeding twice the adiabatic temperature change
Authors: Mönch Stefan , Bartholomé Kilian
Published: July 2023

In an all-solid-state electrocaloric arrangement, an absolute temperature change which exceeds twice the electrocaloric adiabatic temperature change is locally realized, using just the distributed thermal capacitances and resistances and spatio-temporal distributed electric field control. First, simulations demonstrate surface temperature changes up to four times (400%) the electrocaloric adiabatic temperature change for several implementations of all-solid state distributed element configurations. Then, experimentally, an all-solid-state assembly is built from commercial electrocaloric capacitors with two independently-controlled parts, and the measured surface temperature change was 223% of the adiabatic electrocaloric temperature change, which clearly exceeds twice the adiabatic temperature change and verifies the practical feasibility of the approach. This allows a significant increase of the maximum temperature difference per stage in cascaded and thermal switch-based electrocaloric heat pumps, which was previously limited by the adiabatic electrocaloric temperature change (100%) under no-load conditions. Distributed thermal element simulations provide insight in the spatio-temporal temperatures within the all-solid-state electrocaloric element. Since only the distributed thermal capacitance and resistance is used to boost the temperature change, the maximum absolute temperature change occurs only in parts of the all-solid-state element, for example close to the surfaces. A trade-off of the approach is that the required electrocaloric capacitance increases more than the gained boost of the absolute temperature change, reducing the power density and electrical efficiency in heat pump systems. Nevertheless, the proposed approach enables to simplify electrocaloric heat pumps or to increasing the achievable temperature span, and might also improve other electrocaloric applications.
Characters, commutators and centers of Sylow subgroups
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Sambale Benjamin
Published: July 2023

The character table of a finite group

G
G

determines whether

|

P
:

P
′

|

=

p
2

|P:P’|=p^2

and whether

|

P
:

Z

(
P
)

|

=

p
2

|P:\mathbf {Z}(P)|=p^2

, where

P
P

is a Sylow

p
p

-subgroup of

G
G

. To prove the latter, we give a detailed classification of those groups in terms of the generalized Fitting subgroup.
The Fourier transform in weighted rearrangement invariant spaces
Authors: Mastyło Mieczysław , Sinnamon Gord
Published: July 2023

It is shown that if the Fourier transform is a bounded map on a rearrangement-invariant space of functions on

R

n

\mathbb R^n

, modified by a weight, then the weight is bounded above and below and the space is equivalent to

L
2

L^2

. Also, if it is bounded from

L
p

L^p

to

L
q

L^q

, each modified by the same weight, then the weight is bounded above and below and

1
≤
p
=

q
′

≤
2

1\le p=q’\le 2

. Applications prove the non-boundedness on these spaces of an operator related to the Schrödinger equation.
Psychometric properties of the German Penn Alcohol Craving Scale
Authors: Nakovics Helmut , Hoffmann Sabine , Koopmann Anne , Bach Patrick , Abel Martin , Sommer Wolfgang H , Kiefer Falk , Weinland Christian , von Zimmermann Claudia , Siegmann Eva-Maria , Kornhuber Johannes , Mühle Christiane , Schneider Udo , Toto Sermin , Hillemacher Thomas , Frieling Helge , Bleich Stefan , Eberlein Christian K , Lenz Bernd
Published: July 2023

Craving for alcohol is an important diagnostic criterion in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and an established predictor of future relapse. The 5-item Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is one of the most widely used questionnaires to quantify craving and has been translated into different languages. It is assumed that the PACS constitutes one factor, although theoretical considerations suggest an additional second factor. We conducted stability and factor analyses (principal component and confirmatory factor analyses) of the German PACS (PACS-G) in samples of patients with AUD from the following three German study sites: Erlangen, N = 188 (mean age: 47.1 years, 43.5% female); Mannheim, N = 440 (45.5 years, 28.6% female); Hannover, N = 107 (48.1 years, 48.6% female). In our samples, the 2-factor solution of the PACS-G version is more stable than the internationally assumed 1-factor solution. The resulting two PACS-G subscores ‘difficulty to resist’ (items 4 and 5) and ‘thoughts about alcohol’ (items 1, 2, and 3) have an internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.80 ≤ α ≤ 0.90, m = 0.86 and 0.86 ≤ α ≤ 0.91, m = 0.89 with an overlap of R2 = 62%. We found good convergent validity assessed via the Craving Automatized Scale-Alcohol and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale, but also correlations with depression and anxiety assessed via the Beck’s Depression and Anxiety Inventories. This study is the first to provide evidence for a 2-factor solution (‘difficulty to resist’ and ‘thoughts about alcohol’) underlying the PACS-G version.
Perceptions of lung function surveillance in urban firefighters
Authors: Pendergrast Catherine , Boyle Terry , Crockett Alan J , Eston Roger , Johnston Kylie N
Published: July 2023

Background and objective

Workplace health and safety (WHS) is an important responsibility falling on both employers and employees and is most effective when the perspectives of all stakeholders are considered. This study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers to a voluntary workplace lung function surveillance program from the perspective of urban firefighters and describe their perceptions of its value.

Methods

Using a qualitative, descriptive methodology, firefighters who had participated in a longitudinal lung function surveillance study were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Purposeful, maximum variation sampling was used to achieve diversity in those firefighters invited to participate. We used inductive content analysis to identify themes.

Results

Interviews with 15 firefighters identified 3 main themes: (i) practical experience of surveillance (administration, communication, workplace culture change, convenience, acceptability, and appeal); (ii) value of surveillance (lung health efficacy and control, social support, workplace management support/motivations, contribution to global firefighter health); and (iii) contribution of surveillance to health (occupational risk, relevance in the context of total health, workability, and fitness and future value).

Conclusion

Practical and psychosocial facilitators and barriers to providing lung function surveillance in the fire service were identified. In addition to the personal benefits of detecting adverse lung health and allowing for medical intervention, factors known to positively influence firefighter workplace wellbeing, such as providing peace of mind, feedback on good work practices, motivation to utilize control measures, management commitment to health, and providing data to assist with global knowledge were valued aspects of longitudinal lung function surveillance.