bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting traditionally rooted Indian leadership to embrace digital leadership: challenges and way forward with reference to LMX
Authors: Shah Shalaka Sharad , Patki Sairaj Milind
Published: September 2020

Leadership has been a topic of great interest for researchers, business people, educators, and government officials alike over the years. Leadership as a theoretical construct has undergone a great deal of changes as a result of changes such as modernization, globalization and most recently digitalization. Taking into account the various changes that the internet and cloud computing has introduced in the organizational systems and processes across the globe, it is prudent to understand the relationship between leadership and digitalization to foresee how leaders should prepare themselves to cater to the challenges of the future. Leadership is indeed an ever-evolving concept, and so is technology; of which digitalization is an outcome. Most inquiries about such a relation are being well executed by the western cultures. Exploring the relationship between leadership and digitalization in the eastern cultures, especially India becomes more significant; as the technology is booming and drastically changing how daily activities are carried out as an influence of digitalization. With over 40% of the Indian population subscribed to the internet, and through the efforts made by the public and private sectors, India is on the way to being a technologically advanced country. India is also the largest base of digital consumers. Leaders struggle to lead in such challenging situations; which are becoming more volatile. It is imperative to examine what capacities, abilities and competencies leaders already have and what they need to further improve upon, in order to lead effectively in the digital world. To examine the overall context of Indian traditional leadership, leader–member exchange is seen to be a relevant theory. At last, challenges and gaps are discussed and the notion of “creative personality” is recommended for Indian leaders to cater to the digital changes.
DESCRIÇÃO DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA COVID-19 NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Faria Rivaldo Mauro de , Lima Mauren Pimentel , Kirchhof Raquel Soares , Almeida Damiana Machado de , Moura Gilnei Luiz de
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 na Região Sul do Brasil, a partir do seu primeiro caso até o dia 06 de maio de 2020, e verificar como os indicadores brasileiros estão se comportando em relação às metas da OMS para sua prevenção. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Utilizaram-se porcentagem de cura, coeficiente de detecção de novos casos diagnosticados, de prevalência, de detecção e a taxa de expansão territorial. Fez-se uso de estatística descritiva e análise comparativa entre os estados da Região Sul do Brasil. Resultados: A COVID-19 teve seu início nas capitais dos estados, expandindo-se pelas suas principais rodovias. A projeção de casos da doença foi maior em Santa Catarina (1.209 casos), Paraná (1.140 casos), e menor no Rio Grande do Sul (1.096 casos). Conclusão: Há permanente expansão de casos da COVID-19 na Região Sul, sendo fundamental a manutenção das metas de prevenção da OMS pela população.
Sistemas didáticos desenvolvimentais: precisões conceituais, metodológicas e tipológicas
Authors: Puentes Roberto Valdés , Longarezi Andréa Maturano
Published: September 2020

O artigo se situa no marco das pesquisas teóricas sobre Aprendizagem e Didática Desenvolvimental realizadas no interior do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Didática Desenvolvimental e Profissionalização Docente - Gepedi/UFU/BR. O texto aborda quatro aspectos: 1) os conceitos de sistema didático, sistema didático alternativo e sistema didático alternativo desenvolvimental; 2) a identificação e classificação dos sistemas didáticos alternativos desenvolvimentais soviéticos; 3) os argumentos produzidos pelo grupo quanto à inclusão da proposta de  Galperin-Talízina entre os diversos sistemas didáticos alternativos desenvolvimentais; e 4) as razões históricas, políticas epistemológicas e éticas que levaram o grupo a assumir a nomenclatura do sistema  Elkonin-Davidov como sistema Elkonin-Davidov-Repkin. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o texto se baseia no pensamento sistêmico, nos métodos histórico e lógico, assim como na metodologia construtivo-interpretativa. As análises revelam as fontes documentais, as razoes e os argumentos que permitem incluir o trabalho realizado por P. Ya Galperin e por N. F. Talízina como sistema didático; assim como a incorporar o nome do psicólogo, didata, metodólogo e filólogo ucraniano V. V. Repkin na nomenclatura do sistema didático Elkonin-Davidov-Repkin.
Low-penetrance R92Q (p.Arg121Gln) mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene: the significance and variants of phenotypes. Successful experience with the interleukin-1 inhibitor canakinumab in a female patient, who is a carrier of R92Q mutation with a severe TRAPS phenotype
Authors: Fedorov E. S. , Salugina S. O. , Zakharova E. Yu. , Kamenets E. A. , Gerasimenko A. N.
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to the assessment of the R92Q (p.Arg121Gln) mutation/polymorphism in the TNFRSF1A gene associated with the monogenic autoinflammatory disease – Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS). It gives data on the frequency of this gene in the general population, which is 1.3% and significantly exceeds the incidence of TRAPS. The authors describe the variants of phenotypes associated with its mutation from asymptomatic carriage to the development of a severe systemic autoinflammatory state with persistent febrile fever and a significant increase in the level of acute-phase inflammatory markers that do not respond to standard antirheumatic therapy. They present a clinical case of the high efficiency of the anti-interleukin 1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab in a female patient with a severe TRAPS phenotype, who had the R92Q mutation and hormonal dependence. Canakinumab therapy led to complete relief from all manifestations of the disease and to discontinuation of glucocorticoids. The authors conclude that the decision to prescribe therapy with biological agents should be made on the basis of the clinical severity of the disease rather than a variant of the mutation that caused it.
Nigella sativa (black seed) safety: an overview
Authors: Mashayekhi-Sardoo Habibeh , Rezaee Ramin , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: September 2020

Nigella sativa (commonly known as black seed or black cumin), from the family Ranunculaceae, is a plant that grows in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This narrative review discusses the toxicological profile reported by short- to long-term studies that examined different extracts and oils of N. sativa seeds. Scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords. LD
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for administered N. sativa seed fixed oil varied from 28.8 mL/kg to 3,371 mg/kg in mice, while 21 g/kg of aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of N. sativa did not lead to any mortality. Subacute toxicity evaluations indicated that aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of N. sativa at doses as high as 6 g/kg do not produce toxicity. Investigation of chronic toxicity found that 2 mL/kg of N. sativa fixed oil is slightly toxic. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that N. sativa chloroform and petroleum ether extracts are more cytotoxic than its other extracts. Although studies that assessed N. sativa toxicity generally introduced it as a safe medicinal herb, to draw a more definitive conclusion on its safety, more detailed studies must be conducted.
Production and differential activity of recombinant human wild-type G6PD and G6PDViangchan
Authors: Vengidasan Lelamekala , Yunus Muhammad Amir , Yusoff Narazah Mohd , Yahaya Badrul Hisham , Ismail Ida Shazrina
Published: September 2020

Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is essential to produce reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is required to protect cells against oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency is a genetic variation that may lead to hemolysis with potential consequences, such as kidney failure, and patients often experience low quality of life.

Objectives

To establish a simple, efficient, and optimized method to produce a G6PDViangchan variant and characterize the phenotypes of recombinant human wild-type G6PD and G6PDViangchan.

Methods

G6PD was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a human cDNA plasmid, and the gene for G6PDViangchan was amplified by initiating a mutation at location 871 (G>A) through site-directed mutagenesis. Protein expression and western blotting were conducted after successful cloning. The enzymatic activity of both proteins was assessed spectrophotometrically after purification.

Results

Both amplicons were successfully cloned into a pET26b(+) expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells for overexpression as C-terminally histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. Western blotting confirmed that both proteins were successfully produced at similar levels. The enzymes were purified by immobilized metal (Co) affinity chromatography. Postpurification assay of enzyme activity revealed about 2-fold differences in the levels of specific activity between the wild-type G6PD (155.88 U/mg) and G6PDViangchan (81.85 U/mg), which is consistent with earlier reports. Analysis in silico showed that the coding change in G6PDViangchan has a substantial effect on protein folding structure.

Conclusions

We successfully cloned, expressed, and purified both wild-type G6PD and G6PDViangchan proteins. Such a protocol may be useful for creating a model system to study G6PD deficiency disease.
Data-driven learning in English for academic purposes class
Authors: Giampieri Patrizia
Published: September 2020

This paper will present a translation project with second-year bachelor students together with some observational data. The students firstly translated an academic abstract from Italian (their first language) to English by using the language resources they were acquainted with. Then they translated a second abstract by using a pre-compiled offline corpus of academic articles. The paper findings highlight that the second translations were better as regards grammar and word choices, while sentence structures still showed influences of the students’ first language. The students learnt that a corpus is a useful supplement to a dictionary, as a corpus may corroborate what the dictionary suggests. The report also highlights the importance of corpus analysis training in order to help users process corpus information, which otherwise might be perceived as “distracting”.
Consciousness raising tasks: Developing learners’ reflective attitude toward plurilingualism
Authors: Nagai Noriko
Published: September 2020

This report proposes a number of tasks which help learners become more aware of how their feelings are moulded in their L1 and notice crosslinguistic similarities and differences between their L1 and a target language. The proposed tasks are motivated by findings in the crosslinguistic influence literature and a study that investigated Japanese learners’ perception of crosslinguistic similarities and differences between English and Japanese passives. Japanese has two types of passives, while English has only one. Although the two types of Japanese passives share some properties, they have distinctive functions; one type is mainly used to express adversative feelings of the speaker towards the event a sentence describes, while the other is much the same as the English passive. The study results indicate that half of the subjects perceive crosslinguistic similarities yet avoid using the construction and the other half incorrectly assume similarities which do not exist in reality. The proposed tasks attempt to develop learners’ metalinguistic ability through analysing Japanese and English passives and to facilitate learners’ awareness of crosslinguistic similarities and differences in the passive constructions.
Studying in a foreign language: Study performance and experiences of German students at a Dutch university
Authors: Zijlmans Lidy , van Oostendorp Marc , van Hout Roeland
Published: September 2020

This article reports on the academic performance and experiences of non-native university students, specifically German students in a Dutch academic environment. These students have a substantial dropout rate. In an earlier study, we found correlations between results on language tests and study results. In this study, we used semi-structured interviews with student advisors, students and teachers to investigate in more detail the role of foreign language proficiency in academic success. We identified three major language-related issues: (1) listening and speaking in discussion groups, (2) writing in examinations and assignments, and (3) the negative impact of language proficiency on grades. The quality and readability of the written assignments was repeatedly highlighted as the core problem. Additionally, we investigated the influence of the use of English as an additional foreign language.
Generalised assumed strain curved shell finite elements (CSFE-sh) with shifted-Lagrange and applications on N-T’s shells theory
Authors: Anyi Joseph Nkongho , Amba Jean Chills , Essola Dieudonné , Valery Ngayihi Abbe Claude , Momha Merlin Bodol , Nzengwa Robert
Published: September 2020

We present a simple methodology to design curved shell finite elements based on Nzengwa-Tagne’s shell equations. The element has three degrees of freedom at each node. The displacements field of the element satisfies the exact requirement of rigid body modes in a ‘shifted-Lagrange’ polynomial basis. The element is based on independent strain assumption insofar as it is allowed by the compatibility equations. The element developed herein is first validated on analysis of benchmark problems involving a standard shell with simply supported edges. Examples illustrating the accuracy improvement are included in the analysis. It showed that reasonably accurate results were obtained even when using fewer elements compared to other shell elements. The element is then used to analyse spherical roof structures. The distribution of the various components of deflection is obtained. Furthermore, the effect of introducing concentrated load on a cylindrical clamped ends structure is investigated. It is found that the CSFE3-sh element considered is a very good candidate for the analysis of general shell structures in engineering practice in which the ratio h/R ranges between 1/1000 and 2/5.
Can Mayors Lead on Climate Change? Evidence from Six Years of Surveys
Authors: Einstein Katherine Levine , Glick David M. , Palmer Maxwell
Published: September 2020

In the face of federal government intransigence, climate activists are looking to the local leaders to aggressively address climate change. While local politicians are limited in many respects, their control over land use and transportation policy provides them with powerful tools to reduce Americans’ reliance on cars–thereby decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Using six years of novel elite survey data, we find that mayors are strongly committed to addressing climate change and reducing their communities’ reliance on cars. They are also supportive of some specific policies–including the construction of dense, multifamily housing and bicycle lanes–that would decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Other policy views, though, reveal that mayors do not consistently endorse evidence-based transportation policy practices that would make walking and cycling safe and attractive modes of transit. Insufficient knowledge, a lack of funding, partisan polarization, and public opposition all pose potent obstacles to mayors taking the lead on climate change.
Application of isometric transformation and robust estimation to compare the measurement results of steel pipe spools
Authors: Tomasz Świętoń , Roman Kadaj , Grzegorz Oleniacz , Izabela Skrzypczak
Published: September 2020

Production of prefabricated pipe spools for the needs of the oil and gas industry requires precise determination of their shape and dimensions. The crucial moment of production is to measure the spool being built, compare it with the design and define the geometry corrections that should be applied at the construction stage. At present, the comparison of spools is usually done in a manual manner in a CAD program or other software dedicated for this purpose and is implemented by combining variously defined translations and rotations. This approach is time-consuming and the results strongly depend on the survey engineer’s experience. In this article, a method of comparing the shape of two spools, based on isometric transformation and robust estimation, has been proposed. This method can be used to automate the comparison process. In standard approach, applied by both design engineers and assemblers, spools are described by a set of coordinates and, in the case of flanges, by sets of appropriately defined angular values. A method of flange description suitable for use in the isometric transformation process has been proposed, and potential problems that may appear at the implementation stage of the algorithm have been discussed. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the elements of a spool that do not fit into the design project in a way that allows minimizing the number of corrections at the construction stage.
Phase evolution and oxidation characteristics of the Nd–Fe–B and Ce–Fe–B magnet scrap powder during the roasting process
Authors: Xin Wenbin , Deng Yongchun , Jiang Yinju , Yuan Ye , Wang Pengyu
Published: September 2020

Many developed techniques for rare-earths’ (REs) recovery from magnet scraps are highly sensitive to the oxidative roasting process of scraps under high temperature. This study focused on phase evolution, microstructural changes and element distribution during the roasting of the widely used Nd–Fe–B and high-potential Ce–Fe–B scrap powders at 800°C. The sustained oxidation of Fe to Fe2O3 and the constant formation of composite RE oxides were the main reaction processes with increasing roasting cycles for the two scrap powders. The complete oxidation phases consisted of NdBO3, NdFeO3 and Fe2O3 for the Nd–Fe–B scrap powder, while the final products were NdBO3, GdFeO3 and Fe2O3 as well as individual CeO2 for the Ce–Fe–B scrap powder. An oxygen diffusion front was observed, forming a dark gray oxidized layer with almost the same thickness on the large particle surface. Additionally, a Fe2O3 layer covered the particle surface when the oxidation of the two scrap powders was complete. In oxidized Nd–Fe–B particles, the observed white regions corresponded to the oxidized intergranular Nd-rich phase as indicated by the almost same size and position before and after roasting. In Ce–Fe–B particles, the oxidized intergranular phase appeared to gather and grow, and a RE-rich layer appeared between the oxide/unoxidized layer. Conclusively, the iron-outward diffusion and the oxygen-inward diffusion were dominated by the oxidation of both Nd–Fe–B and Ce–Fe–B particles.
Depressogenic traits and depression: Are humor styles mediators?
Authors: Lin Shayne S.-H. , Hong Chai-Chi , Tsai Liang-Ting , Liu Emily T.
Published: September 2020

Depressogenic traits are personality dispositions that put individuals at a higher risk for developing depression. Measured by the Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), self-criticism and dependency are two personality traits that are closely related to depression. The current study explored humor styles as potential mediating factors in the relationship between depressogenic traits and depression. Study 1: Given that the traditional Chinese version of the DEQ had not been validated psychometrically, we first conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to determine the most appropriate DEQ scoring system among the existing ones. The results indicated that the reconstructed DEQ had the best psychometric properties for the traditional Chinese version of the DEQ. Study 2: The potential mediating effect of humor styles in the relationship between depressogenic traits and depression was examined. Results showed that two benign humor styles, affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles, mediated the relationship between depressogenic traits (both self-criticism and dependency) and depression. The mediational strength was stronger for self-enhancing than for affiliative humor style. Malign humor styles, aggressive and self-defeating humor styles, did not emerge as mediators. Research and clinical implications for the findings were discussed.
Mechanism of recovery processes for rare earth and iron from Bayan Obo tailings
Authors: Guo Wenliang , Cang Daqiang , Zhang Lingling , Guo Junxiang
Published: September 2020

Rare earth (RE) and iron minerals in tailings exhibit fine embedded granularity and are closely associated with silicates, carbonates, and other lode minerals, which are difficult to be recycled. Studies of these tailings led to some new processes of ore dressing, involving grinding, RE flotation, strong magnetic separation, and positive iron flotation. In this closed circuit process, RE and iron minerals were separated after grinding, and the materials resulted from the flotation of small-sized RE and iron mineral particles were accurately controlled using a combination of inhibitors, dispersants, pH regulators, and collector agents. The ore dressing were ground to a fineness of 0.045 mm, which was a process accounting for 95.6% of the material. The amount of water glass, NXJ (a combination of sodium carbonate mixed with a fine mud dispersant), and BGH (hydroxamic acid collector, a combination of 3-carboxy-2-naphthylhydroxamic acid and C5-9 hydroxamic acid) used in the primary separation of RE were 2.4 kg/t, 2.5 kg/t, and 2.4 kg/t, respectively. The dosages of ammonium fluorosilicate and GXY (fatty acid collector, a combination of sodium oleate mixed with oxidized paraffin soap) used with iron coarse were 2.2 kg/t and 1.2 kg/t, respectively. The RE collectors achieved chemical separation of Ce, La, and other particles and formed stable five-membered cyclic chelates. Consequently, through the closed circuit experiment, the RE grade and recovery rate in the RE concentrate were improved to 50.3 and 61.6%, respectively. The total iron (TFe) grade and recovery rate in the TFe concentrate were improved to 64.0 and 30.0%, respectively, and other useful metals were also enriched; this process managed secondary recycling of RE and TFe possible, leading to improvements in resource utilization.
The effectiveness of scenario-based learning to develop patient safety behavior in first year nursing students
Authors: Yilmaz Derya Uzelli , Palandoken Esra Akin , Ceylan Burcu , Akbiyik Ayşe
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of scenario-based learning (SBL) compared to traditional demonstration method on the development of patient safety behavior in first year nursing students. During the 2016–2017 academic year, the Fundamentals of Nursing course curriculum contained the teaching of demonstration method (n=168). In the academic year 2017–2018 was performed with SBL method in the same context (n=183). Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) that assesses the same three skills was implemented in both academic terms to provide standardization so that students could evaluated in terms of patient safety competency. It was found that students’ performance of some of the steps assessed were not consistently between the demonstration and SBL methods across the three skills. There was a statistically significant difference between demonstration method and SBL method for students’ performing the skill steps related to patient safety in intramuscular injection (p<0.05) Our results suggest that the integration of SBL into the nursing skills training may be used as a method of teaching in order to the development of patient safety skills.
Jewish National Decline and Biblical Figures as ClassicalExempla: Moses, Aaron, Joshua, David, and Elisha inDe Excidio5.2.1
Authors: Bay Carson
Published: September 2020

The fourth century of the Common Era was a period significant for witnessing the effective birth of Christian historiography and the (putatively) definitive separation of ‘Jew’ and ‘Christian’ as distinctive identities. A text emerged, known as Pseudo-Hegesippus orDe Excidio Hierosolymitano(On the Destruction of Jerusalem). This text illustrates how Christian historiography and Christian anti-Jewish ideology at that time could engage with the traditions of classical antiquity. In particular, this article argues that Pseudo-Hegesippus deploys figures from the Hebrew Bible in the mode of classicalexemplaand that it does so within the largely classical conceptual framework of national decline. For Pseudo-Hegesippus, biblical figures presented as classicalexemplaserve to illustrate the historical decline of the Jews until their effective end in 70 CE (when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple). One passage,De Excidio5.2.1, and its enlistment of five Hebrew heroes illustrates this point particularly well. The use of exemplarity and the theme of national decline employed there help us appreciateDe Excidioas a distinctive contribution to early Christian historiography and anti-Jewish literature in late antiquity; this expands our ability to imagine the ways in which fourth-century Christian authors could conceive of and articulate Jewish history in classical terms.
The role of temperature differential and subgrade quality on stress, curling, and deflection behavior of rigid pavement
Authors: Setiawan Dian M.
Published: September 2020

To determine performance of rigid pavement, pavement engineers should not only conduct stress, curling, and deflection analysis, but also understand weather conditions and subgrade quality effects on rigid pavement performance well. This study aims to analyze and visualize the mechanical behaviors of rigid pavement in terms of stress, curling, and deflection using the KENPAVE Program under different curling temperature and subgrade quality. Besides, this study also evaluated temperature differential and k-value effects on the stress, curling, and deflection behavior of concrete pavement. The findings revealed that there is a linear correlation between stress and both k-value and curling temperature, with the latter having more significant impact in controlling stress than the former. However, even though curling is not affected by subgrade quality, it significantly depends on the temperature differential since a higher curling temperature produces higher curling behavior. Lastly, a higher temperature differential produces greater deflection, but a higher k-value produces smaller deflection. Nevertheless, deflection behavior has a more significant curve and the position of the highest deflection shifted towards the center of the slab as the curling temperature and subgrade quality increase.
Resilience of terrestrial mammals to logging in an active concession in Sarawak, Borneo
Authors: Maiwald Marius Joscha , Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Brodie Jedediah F.
Published: September 2020

Selective logging is very widespread across the tropics and can alter the habitat for myriad wildlife species. But while many studies have assessed the impacts of past logging on forest animals, far fewer have investigated how species respond to logging while the timber operations are actually going on. This is an important knowledge gap because, considering the prevalence of logging across the world, numerous areas will be undergoing active extraction at any given time. We compared the occurrence and diel activity patterns of individual species of medium- to large-bodied terrestrial mammals, as well as the richness of the entire assemblage, among sites that were either unlogged, had been logged historically, or had ongoing ‘reduced impact’ timber extraction in the Kapit Region of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. We found no significant differences in estimated occupancy or activity patterns of particular species, or in overall species richness, among logging treatments. Across sites, species richness in this area appeared to be as high as or higher than in many other parts of the state, including some protected areas. Though monitoring is needed to assess potential long-term impacts, our results suggest that reduced-impact logging could allow economic development that is sustainable for many wildlife populations.
Revealing topological phase in Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces using mesoscopic electrodynamics
Authors: Gao Zhanjie , Golla Sandeep , Sawant Rajath , Osipov Vladimir , Briere Gauthier , Vezian Stephane , Damilano Benjamin , Genevet Patrice , Dorfman Konstantin E.
Published: September 2020

Relying on the local orientation of nanostructures, Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces are currently enabling a new generation of polarization-sensitive optical devices. A systematical mesoscopic description of topological metasurfaces is developed, providing a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the polarization-dependent breaking of translational symmetry in contrast with propagation phase effects. These theoretical results, along with interferometric experiments contribute to the development of a solid analytical framework for arbitrary polarization-dependent metasurfaces.
Evaluation of sodium salt scaling in black liquor evaporators using existing process data
Authors: Karlsson Erik
Published: September 2020

Scaling caused by sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate salts is a common problem during black liquor evaporation and mills currently have no proper tools to monitor or follow it up. The method proposed enables automatic evaluation of scaling rates and behaviours, together with washing performance, by using measurements that are already available at most mills, such as the boiling point elevation and the overall heat transfer coefficient. The method identified the scaling correctly in most cases, normally >90 %, although fast and sudden scaling proved to be challenging; its performance was also dependent on the quality of the data used. Historical data from three mills was evaluated and it was found that the scaling rate generally increased at higher concentrations of black liquor: one of the mills had almost no scaling below 70 % dry solids content. Another mill, however, deviated from this trend and had significant problems with fast and sudden scaling in one effect at around 60 % dry solids content. The correlation of process parameters revealed that this scaling was triggered, to a large extent, by the absence of tall oil brine, which is a side stream from the production of tall oil that is normally fed to the evaporators.
Insularity, Identity, and Alterity in Patrick White’s A Fringe of Leaves
Authors: Antor Heinz
Published: September 2020

In his novel A Fringe of Leaves (1976), Australian Nobel laureate Patrick White takes up the famous case of the 1836 shipwreck and subsequent survival on an island of Eliza Fraser, a Scottish woman who managed to return to white colonial society after having spent several weeks among a tribe of Aborigines in Queensland. White uses this story for an investigation of human processes of categorization as tools of the construction of notions of identity and alterity in contexts in which social, racial, and gendered otherness collide in the separateness of various insular spaces. In shaping the character of Ellen Roxburgh as Fraser’s fictional equivalent, he chooses a hybrid figure the liminality and the border-crossings of which lend themselves both to an investigation and a critical questioning of strategies of self-constitution dependent on imaginings of negative others. On a more concrete historical level, White thus questions the ideas of race, class, and gender early Australian colonial society was founded on and raises issues that are still of consequence even in the 21st century.
Pathways of Grammaticalisation in Italo-Romance
Authors: Andriani Luigi , Groothuis Kim A. , Silvestri Giuseppina
Published: September 2020

The aim of this contribution is to discuss three possible theoretical interpretations of grammaticalised structures in present-day Italo-Romance varieties. In particular, we discuss and analyse three diachronic case studies in relation to the generative view of grammaticalisation. The first case-study revolves around the expression of future tense and modality. This is discussed in the light of the assumption according to which grammaticalised elements result from merging elements in higher positions than their original merge positions within the lexical domain, giving rise to the upward directionality of the grammaticalisation process within the clause (Roberts, Ian G. and Anna Roussou, 2003, Syntactic change: A minimalist approach to grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The second case study challenges this view, by discussing irrealis complementisers as a case of a downward pathway of grammaticalization at the CP level. For our third case study, namely the development of (discontinuous) demonstrative structures from Latin to Romance, the rich Italo-Romance empirical evidence is analysed through the lens of a parametric account (Longobardi, Giuseppe, Cristina Guardiano, Giuseppina Silvestri, Alessio Boattini, and Andrea Ceolin, 2013, Toward a syntactic phylogeny of modern Indo-European languages, Journal of Historical Linguistics 3(1), 122-152), in order to capture the role of the relevant semantic and syntactic features within the fine-grained architecture of the DP. It will be observed that the diachronic development of some functional categories in (Italo-)Romance results from cyclic pathways of grammaticalisation, as the same category might cyclically change from more synthetic to more analytic, and vice-versa. Moreover, it will also be shown how the two theoretical approaches adopted, i.e. the cartographic model (adopted in Roberts, Ian G. and Anna Roussou, 2003. Syntactic change: A minimalist approach to grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), and the parametric accounts (Longobardi, Giuseppe, Cristina Guardiano, Giuseppina Silvestri, Alessio Boattini and Andrea Ceolin, 2013, Toward a syntactic phylogeny of modern Indo-European languages, Journal of Historical Linguistics 3(1), 122-152), are able to provide a principled explanation of the structural correlates of grammaticalisation at the sentential, clausal and nominal level of investigation.
Recent progresses on the boron species in aqueous solution: structure, phase equilibria, metastable zone width (MZW) and thermodynamic model
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Dan , Meng Lingzong
Published: September 2020

The complexity of boron species in aqueous solution becomes the bottleneck in development of boron resources from brine. The concentrations of different boron species and transformation mechanism among boron species are mainly affected with the total boron concentration, temperatures, pH of the solution, and cations in the solution. The change trends for concentration of total boron in the complicated aqueous solution can be obtained with the phase equilibrium results, but the accurate concentration of boron species in the solution cannot be obtained. The metastable zone width (MZW) of borates and H3BO3 changed with the concentrations of impurity ions, the stirring rate, cooling rate, and original temperature for the saturated solution. The Pitzer model is the effective method to calculate the concentration of boron species. More thermodynamic data at temperatures below and above 298.15 K are needed for model parameterization. The main problems existed in the systems containing boron species were summarized, and the future development direction is also discussed. The progresses on boron species in the aqueous solution can provide fundamental data in the comprehensive exploitation of the brine boron resource.
Is there a Kuznets Curve in the Arab Region? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Sayed Adham
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an empirical study of the Kuznets curve in Arab countries using a dataset from 12 Arab countries over the period between 1990 and 2015. The analysis is carried out by employing a panel data method, mainly the fixed-effect and interactive fixed-effect models, which take into account the economic integration of countries, and the frequent political, financial and social shocks. Our results show that the Kuznets curve does not characterize economic development in the Arab region and that trade, urbanization and education positively impact income inequality.
L’antisémitisme de Wagner et les différentes formes sémiotiques
Authors: Nattiez Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2020

In his essay “La judéité dans la musique,” Richard Wagner’s horrid portrayal of a Jew by way of physical, economical, linguistic and musical description exposed his anti-Semitic convictions. Much of this aspect has either been forgotten or softened, however, when evoking Wagner, it is in fact the relationship between his anti-Semitism and his work that is the most problematic. This paper proposes to consider three symbolic forms through which this reticence is expressed by looking at the the theoretical writings, opera booklets and their music. Using the Beckmesser character in Les Maîtres Chanteurs de Nuremberg, although Beckmesser is not introduced as a Jew but rather a good German bourgeois, one cannot deny the allegory positioning him as a Jew. First element of demonstration: the analogical resemblance between Beckmesser and the Viennese music critic Eduard Hanslick to whom Wagner accused of hiding his Jewishness. Second element: it has already been proven that Beckmesser’s serenade sung during the second act to the Master Singers was a mockery of a Jewish prayer. Third element: in Cosima’s, Wagner’s wife, diary she explains that this particular piece generated at that time a strong reaction by the Jewish community in Vienna, thus supporting the claim that his antisemitism was already known and problematic to his contemporaries.
“Wretched Nurseries of Unceasing Discord”: Nationalism, War, and the Project of Peace
Authors: Ryan Cheyney
Published: September 2020

Is there an intimate connection between nationalism and war? Does the right to national self-determination invariably lead to bellicose relations with others? These have been central concerns in the literature on nationalism and war. They have also been concerns of political thinkers/activists who have worried about these connections and have sought to fashion a conception of national identity free of its warlike proclivities. This essay explores the link of war, nationalism, and national self-determination with reference to the founding of the state of Israel. And it reflects on the views of Martin Buber whose writings on Zionism constantly engaged these questions in searching for a peace-oriented nationalism.
Prediction of Residual Stress Evolution for End-To-End Process Chain of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process and Determination of Fatigue S-N Curves
Authors: Afazov Shukri , Frame Jamie , Ankalkhope Utkarsha , Bidare Prveen , Liu Yijun , Vesga Wilson , Dutton Ben
Published: September 2020

This paper presents prediction of residual stress evolution for end-to-end process chain of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) for an aero-casing component made of IN718. The end-to-end process chain includes the simulation of the L-PBF build process, removal of support structures, heat treatment cycle for stress relief, and application of surface-hardening processes such as shot peening and laser shock peening. The simulation of the end-to-end process chain was performed using validated process models for IN718. Validation of the L-PBF process model was carried out for the aero-casing component, where predicted and measured distortions were found to be in good agreement. The predicted residual stresses after each process of the chain were used to develop theoretical fatigue S-N curves using the endurance limit approach. This approach requires knowledge for the surface roughness, as well as the ultimate strength and relative density of the material (defect level). Understanding the evolution of stresses in manufacturing process chains as well as prediction of material properties for functional performance is essential to reduce iterations during the process and product development of L-PBF parts. The advantage of this approach is that S-N curves can be determined very rapidly at every location of the aero-casing or any other component without conducting any fatigue tests physically, which saves considerable cost and time. The S-N curves after the L-PBF build process, heat treatment, and surface hardening were determined and discussed. It was concluded that the proposed S-N curve predictive methodology can be employed in design workflows for estimation of high cycle fatigue in L-PBF process chains very early in the design stage. This would enable designers to mitigate fatigue problems by designing parts more proactively for L-PBF process constraints such as surface roughness, ultimate strength, residual stresses, and relative density or defect level in the given material.
Effect of Microstructure and Internal Defects on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Gyroid Lattice Structures for Biomedical Implants
Authors: Mahmoud Dalia , Elbestawi Mohamed A. , Al-Rubaie Kassim S.
Published: September 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technique that can be used to print lattice structures with fine complicated features. Much effort has been made to choose a lattice design that enhances the mechanical and biological functions for biomedical implants. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures, namely gyroids, have shown a great potential to match the mechanical and biological properties of bone tissue. Although the design plays a major role in determining the properties of lattice structures, the effect of the SLM process on the lattice structure quality is often overlooked. This work focuses on the relationship between the resultant microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V gyroid lattice structures. Different process parameter combinations were used to develop a wide range of volumetric energy density (VED). The gyroid design was then printed at three VED levels: 43, 103, and 192 J/mm3. The apparent density, morphology, and internal defects were analyzed. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used for characterizing the morphology of the samples. The results showed that the apparent density was highly dependent on the VED level; the density of the parts printed with a VED of 192 J/mm3 was 150% higher than that of those printed with VED of 43 J/mm3. The percentage of internal defects ranged from 0.3 to 2.1% and was directly proportional to the VED level. The mechanical strength was more dependent on the overall density rather than the internal defects. Thus, parts printed at VED of 192 J/mm3 had an almost 200% higher apparent compressive modulus and peak strength compared to those printed at VED of 43 J/mm3. In addition, a finite element model has been developed using ABAQUS®. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data and may be used to make predictions for different gyroid designs.
Dynamic Compression Response of Porous Zirconium-Based Bulk Metallic Glass (Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5) Honeycomb: A Numerical Study
Authors: Singh Nand Kishore , Kumar Shashi Kant , Idury Satish K. S. N. , Singh K. K. , Jha Ratneshwar
Published: September 2020

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are a unique class of materials that possess high yield strength and elastic limit. In view of their high yield strength and elastic limit, BMG honeycombs are attractive for mechanical energy absorption applications. However, the inability to synthesize BMGs in bulk form hinders their practical applications. In this context, additive manufacturing techniques provide a promising route to fabricate BMG honeycomb in bulk form. Because additive manufactured BMGs are porous, the manner in which a porous BMG honeycomb absorbs energy at various strain rates needs to be probed to suit this material for diverse practical applications. In this numerical study, we explore the effect of pore density (0, 5, 1.0, 15, and 20% by volume), strain rate (10, 100, and 1,000/s), and slenderness ratio (edge length to height: −0.5, 1, and 1.5) of a zirconium (Zr)-based BMG (Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5) honeycomb on its compression response through finite element simulations. The results are depicted in terms of stress–strain curves and energy–time curves. The energy absorption ability of the honeycomb with higher slenderness ratio increased from 98.6 kJ to 336.71 kJ at 20% porosity, while at 0% porosity, it increased from 118 kJ to 419.1 kJ as the strain rate was increased from 10 to 1,000/s. However, at 10% porosity, honeycomb of intermediate slenderness ratio (i.e., 1.0) exhibited the largest energy absorption to the order of 258 kJ at the strain rate of 1,000/s.
Perspective on Nondestructive Evaluation of Additive Manufactured Components
Authors: Lindgren Eric , Jolley Bryce
Published: September 2020

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) has been used for materials and component manufacturing, typically for process quality control or at multiple steps in manufacturing processes. In addition, NDE is used in sustainment of aircraft components to detect defects with a validated capability quantified by probability of detection. U.S. Air Force (USAF) Structures Bulletin EZ-SB-19-01, “Durability and Damage Tolerance Certification for Additive Manufacturing of Aircraft Structural Metallic Parts,” emphasizes the use of NDE in manufacturing by defining five factors to be evaluated to specify a new material, process, joining method, and/or structural concepts. The factors include stability, producibility, characterization of mechanical or physical properties, predictability of structural performance, and supportability. Included is Section 3.4, “Nondestructive Inspection Development, Validation, Verification, and Implementation,” which provides instructions to determine the validated capability for all damage types, orientations, and locations for specific regions of interest. Factors that affect NDE capability include where in the manufacturing process the assessment occurs, the nature of the raw feedstock, and the diagnostic information required to ensure the quality of the produced part. Once manufactured, additional factors must be considered, including the nature/orientation of defects, access, surface condition, geometric complexity, internal microstructural characteristics, and potential residual stresses. Representative defects within additive manufactured (AM) parts/materials include micro-cracks, voids, delaminations, lack of fusion, porosity, and inclusions. Systematic approaches are needed that leverage existing methods for other manufacturing processes. Methods to assist in determining which NDE method(s) have the highest potential of success are discussed. However, the intent is not to provide an overview of all NDE methods and their applicability to assessing AM components. In addition, methods to simplify or accelerate the assessment of the probability of detection of the defect of interest are addressed. These items should provide insight into how to ensure AM parts can be qualified and sustained for aerospace applications.