bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of small amplitude oscillatory shear flow of suspensions of rigid particles in non-Newtonian liquids at finite inertia
Authors: Villone Massimiliano M. , Rosti Marco E. , Tammisola Outi , Brandt Luca
Published: July 2021

We perform immersed-boundary-method numerical simulations of small amplitude oscillatory shear flow of suspensions of monodisperse noncolloidal rigid spherical particles in non-Newtonian liquids from the dilute to the concentrated regime. We study the influence of suspending liquid inertia and rheology and particle concentration on the computationally measured storage and loss moduli of the suspensions. In particular, the rheology of the suspending liquid is modeled through the inelastic shear-thinning Carreau–Yasuda constitutive equation and the viscoelastic Giesekus and Oldroyd-B constitutive equations. The role of inertia is quantified by the Stokes number, St, whereas the relevance of the non-Newtonian effects of the suspension matrix is measured through the Carreau number, Cu, for the Carreau–Yasuda liquid and the Deborah number, De, for the viscoelastic liquids. In suspensions with a Carreau–Yasuda matrix, both the storage and the loss modulus increase with St and decrease with Cu, yet the order of magnitude of Cu has to be greater than unity for these effects to be visible. In suspensions with a viscoelastic matrix, both the moduli increase with St and have a nonmonotonic trend with De, showing a maximum with no quantitative differences between the results pertaining suspensions with Giesekus and Oldroyd-B constitutive equations.
Orientation effect on the rheology of graphene oxide dispersions in isotropic phase, ordered isotropic biphase, and discotic phase
Authors: Choi Gyeong Min , Park Minji , Jeong Seung Yol , Lee Heon Sang
Published: July 2021

We present a combined simulation and experimental study of the structure and dynamics of dilute, semidilute, and concentrated graphene oxide aqueous alkaline dispersions. These materials behave as lyotropic systems, with phase ordering as the concentration increases. The sheet spacing in the ordered phases is much broader than that expected by the classical Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. Rheological responses in the isotropic phase are similar to rod-like liquid crystals (LCs), which follow the simplified Leslie–Ericksen (LE) model. The dispersions in the biphase and the discotic phase behave similarly to polydomain LC polymers, following the mesoscopic LE model [Larson–Doi (LD) model]. The LD model fits the time evolution of shear stress at startup flow, re-startup flow after the cessation of flow, and reversal flow in the discotic phase. Further, the Folgar–Tucker–Lipscomb model fits the stress overshoot in a startup flow, but not the reversal flow.
Payne effect of carbon black filled natural rubber nanocomposites: Influences of extraction, crosslinking, and swelling
Authors: Song Yihu , Xu Zhongjia , Wang Wanjie , Zheng Qiang
Published: July 2021

Rubber nanocomposites experiencing dynamic shears at large strain amplitudes (γ) exhibit the nonlinear Payne effect featured by decays of storage and loss moduli (G′ and G″) or by G′ decay accompanied with G″ overshoot near a critical strain amplitude. The occurrence of the Payne effect has been assigned to damages of “filler network” and rubber-filler interfacial interactions for a long time and to Rouse dynamics of rubber chains recently. To solve the dispute, influences of extraction, crosslinking, and paraffin swelling on the Payne effect of carbon black filled natural rubber nanocomposites are investigated systematically. Master curves of G′ as a function of γ could be always created, and overshoot of G″ in the filled vulcanizates weakens with increasing filler content and intensifies by dilution via paraffin swelling, suggesting that the Payne effect is not mainly rooted in the “filler network” and rubber-filler interfacial interactions. The filler reduces the onset strain amplitude of the Payne effect by amplifying microscopic strain amplitude of the rubber phase, irrespective of whether the matrix is crosslinked or not and whether the crosslinked matrix is swollen or not. Partial removal of bound rubber by compounding the paraffin swollen compounds could lower modulus and eliminate G″ overshoot of the deswollen vulcanizates without influence on the mechanism of G′ decay accompanying Payne effect. The overshoot is found to be closely related to the overall viscous characteristic of the vulcanizates in the linear viscoelastic regime. Provided herein are new insights for recognizing the important roles of the viscoelastic rubber phase on the Payne effect of the nanocomposites.
A Novel Cooperative Metallo-β-Lactamase Fold Metallohydrolase from Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus Exhibits β-Lactam Antibiotic-Degrading Activities
Authors: Lu Wen-Jung , Hsu Pang-Hung , Lin Hong-Ting Victor
Published: July 2021

Vibrio vulnificus
is a pathogen that accounts for one of the highest mortality rates and is responsible for most reported seafood-related illnesses and deaths worldwide. Owing to the threats of pathogens with β-lactamase activity, it is important to identify and characterize β-lactamases with clinical significance. In this study, the protein sequence of the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) fold metallohydrolase from
V. vulnificus
(designated Vmh) was analyzed, and its oligomeric state, β-lactamase activity, and metal binding ability were determined.
Comparing the Clinical Utility of Rapid Diagnostics for Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Using Desirability of Outcome Ranking Approach for the Management of Antibiotic Therapy (DOOR-MAT)
Authors: Claeys Kimberly C. , Hopkins Teri L. , Schlaffer Kathryn , Hitchcock Stephanie , Jiang Yunyun , Evans Scott , Johnson J. Kristie , Leekha Surbhi
Published: July 2021

Decisions regarding which rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for bloodstream infections to implement remains challenging given the diversity of organisms detected by different platforms. We used the desirability of outcome ranking management of antimicrobial therapy (DOOR-MAT) as a framework to compare two RDT platforms on potential desirability of antimicrobial therapy decisions.
Gastrointestinal Chlamydia-Induced CD8
+
T Cells Promote Chlamydial Pathogenicity in the Female Upper Genital Tract
Authors: Tian Qi , Zhou Zengzi , Wang Luying , Sun Xin , Arulanandam Bernard , Xu Dabao , Xue Min , Zhong Guangming
Published: July 2021

Chlamydia
is known to both ascend to the upper genital tract and spread to the gastrointestinal tract following intravaginal inoculation. Gastrointestinal
Chlamydia
was recently reported to promote chlamydial pathogenicity in the genital tract since mice intravaginally inoculated with an attenuated
Chlamydia
strain, which alone failed to develop pathology in the genital tract, were restored to developing hydrosalpinx by intragastric coinoculation with wild-type
Chlamydia
.
Methyltransferase-like 3 Modulates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification and Replication
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Hao Haojie , Ma Li , Zhang Yecheng , Hu Xiao , Chen Zhen , Liu Di , Yuan Jianhui , Hu Zhangli , Guan Wuxiang
Published: July 2021

Internal chemical modifications of viral RNA play key roles in the regulation of viral replication and gene expression. Although potential internal modifications have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the function of the SARS-CoV-2 N6-methyladenosine (m
6
A) modification in the viral life cycle is unclear.
How to interpret skin prick tests and serum-specific IgE in children and young people with food allergy
Authors: Ferris Kathryn , Cowan Marianne , Williams Christine , McAteer Sinead , Glancy Caoimhe , Callaghan Sheila
Published: July 2021

Food allergy is common, it can lead to significant morbidity andnegatively impacts on quality of life; therefore, it is vitally important we get the diagnosis right. However, making the diagnosis can be complex. Clinical history is the most important diagnostic tool and subsequent investigation may help confirm the diagnosis. The investigations available to most paediatric departments are skin prick testing and specific IgE so we will focus on these. Within this article we explore the evidence related to targeted testing and how to interpret these within the clinical context.
Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis and other relapsing demyelinating disease in childhood
Authors: Luchesa Smith Aphra , Sudarsan Nikil , Hemingway Cheryl , Lim Ming
Published: July 2021

There are several important relapsing demyelinating syndromes (RDS) that may present in childhood, of which paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is the most common. These are rare conditions, so recognising presentations and referring early to specialist services is important to enable prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Understanding of RDS is rapidly evolving, with many new and effective treatments that aim to reduce relapses and disability accumulation. A holistic and child-focused approach to management is key to supporting patients and families, with thought given to early detection of cognitive and psychological issues to provide appropriate support.
Gastric lymphoma at high risk of perforation successfully managed with chemotherapy alone
Authors: Pervez Mohammed Umar , Kumar Bhaskar , Martin-Cabrera Pedro , Collins Angela
Published: July 2021

We report the case of a previously healthy 49-year-old woman who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which was found at laparotomy to be due to high-grade B cell gastric lymphoma. CT scans showed that this was partially adherent to the spleen, with erosion of the gastric wall and suggested impending perforation. Given the risk of perforation, further surgical intervention (gastrectomy and splenectomy) was considered; however, after multidisciplinary team discussion, we chose to offer chemotherapy and careful inpatient observation instead.

Our patient made a full recovery with no perforation.

The message from our experience and literature review is that medical management may lead to a more favourable outcome in gastric lymphoma than surgery, despite radiological appearances suggesting impending perforation. This approach avoids the risk of the lymphoma progressing at other anatomical sites secondary to delays in giving chemotherapy. If this approach is followed, the patient must be carefully monitored.
Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio: a therapeutic option for patients with central post-stroke pain syndrome?
Authors: Moser Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Central pain after stroke due to brainstem infarction is very rare. Treatment is difficult and specific guidelines are lacking. This is the report of a 61-year-old female patient who, after a posterolateral left medulla oblongata insult with incomplete Wallenberg syndrome, subsequently developed a burning and tingling pain in the contralateral leg and a burning and shooting pain in the ipsilateral face in trigeminal branches 1 and 2. More than 3 years of therapy with amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin and various grade II and III opioids was ineffective or showed intolerable side effects. The administration of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio improved the pain situation and quality of life quickly and permanently. The encouraging results in the present case may suggest that treatment with medical cannabis should be considered in similar cases when standard therapies are insufficient.
Increase in recruitment upon integration of trial into a clinical care pathway: an observational study
Authors: Yip Kay Por , Gompertz Simon , Snelson Catherine , Willson Jeremy , Madathil Shyam , Huq Syed SA , Rauf Farrukh , Salmon Natasha , Tengende Joyce , Tracey Julie , Cooper Brendan , Filby Kay , Ball Simon , Parekh Dhruv , Dosanjh Davinder P S
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Many respiratory clinical trials fail to reach their recruitment target and this problem exacerbates existing funding issues. Integration of the clinical trial recruitment process into a clinical care pathway (CCP) may represent an effective way to significantly increase recruitment numbers.

Methods

A respiratory support unit and a CCP for escalation of patients with severe COVID-19 were established on 11 January 2021. The recruitment process for the Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy-Respiratory Support trial was integrated into the CCP on the same date. Recruitment data for the trial were collected before and after integration into the CCP.

Results

On integration of the recruitment process into a CCP, there was a significant increase in recruitment numbers. Fifty patients were recruited over 266 days before this process occurred whereas 108 patients were recruited over 49 days after this process. There was a statistically significant increase in both the proportion of recruited patients relative to the number of COVID-19 hospital admissions (change from 2.8% to 9.1%, p<0.0001) and intensive therapy unit admissions (change from 17.8% to 50.2%, p<0.001) over the same period, showing that this increase in recruitment was independent of COVID-19 prevalence.

Discussion

Integrating the trial recruitment process into a CCP can significantly boost recruitment numbers. This represents an innovative model that can be used to maximise recruitment without impacting on the financial and labour costs associated with the running of a respiratory clinical trial.
Risk and impact of chronic cough in obese individuals from the general population
Authors: Landt Eskild Morten , Çolak Yunus , Nordestgaard Børge G , Lange Peter , Dahl Morten
Published: July 2021

Background

Obese individuals may be at higher risk of chronic cough. We investigated the risk and impact of chronic cough in obese individuals from the general population.

Methods

We recorded chronic cough, body mass index (BMI) and other related clinical conditions in 44 554 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Individuals with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded (n=10 977). BMI was divided into: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obese (30.0–34.9 kg/m2) and severely obese (≥35.0 kg/m2).

Results

Among 33 577 adults from the general population, 27 829 (83%) were non-obese and 5748 (17%) were obese. Compared with individuals with normal weight, multivariable adjusted ORs for chronic cough risk were 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.6) in overweight, 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2) in obese and 2.6 (95% CI 2.1 to 3.2) in severely obese individuals. Mediation analyses showed that chronic cough due to obesity was up to 23% mediated by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Other mediators included low vegetable intake with 10% and occupational exposure with 8%. Among obese individuals, those with versus without chronic cough had worse accompanying respiratory symptoms, more often comorbidities including GERD and diabetes, greater healthcare utilisations, lower lung function and higher blood inflammation (all p<0.05).

Conclusion

There is dose–response relationship between BMI and chronic cough, and chronic cough risk is twofold to threefold higher in obese individuals from the general population. This increased risk was partly mediated by GERD, low vegetable intake and occupational exposure, supporting that there may be benefit to gain by ameliorating some of these factors in obese individuals with chronic cough.
Analysis of different scenarios with new Tsallis holographic dark energies and bulk viscous fluid in the framework of Chern–Simons modified gravity
Authors: Ranjit Chayan , Islam Sayeedul , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Gudekli Ertan
Published: July 2021

In this work, we have studied various cosmological parameters in the presence of viscous new Tsallis holographic dark energies for interacting scenarios in the framework of Chern–Simons modified gravity. The bulk viscosity has been considered with the bulk viscous pressure chosen in the form [Formula: see text]. Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] has been obtained from the above choice of scale factor and in this viscous scenario, the effective pressure has been obtained in Chern–Simons framework whose field equation, cosmological consequences have been investigated. It has been observed that for the interaction scenario in the presence of bulk viscosity the EoS parameter is staying above [Formula: see text], which indicates quintessence behavior. Hence, for the universe filled with a bulk viscous fluid can have the possibility of avoidance of big-rip, although the earlier transition from quintessence to phantom is not avoidable.
On a nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard model permitting sharp interfaces
Authors: Burkovska Olena , Gunzburger Max
Published: July 2021

A nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard model with a non-smooth potential of double-well obstacle type that promotes sharp interfaces in the solution is presented. To capture long-range interactions between particles, a nonlocal Ginzburg–Landau energy functional is defined which recovers the classical (local) model as the extent of nonlocal interactions vanish. In contrast to the local Cahn–Hilliard problem that always leads to diffuse interfaces, the proposed nonlocal model can lead to a strict separation into pure phases of the substance. Here, the lack of smoothness of the potential is essential to guarantee the aforementioned sharp-interface property. Mathematically, this introduces additional inequality constraints that, in a weak formulation, lead to a coupled system of variational inequalities which at each time instance can be restated as a constrained optimization problem. We prove the well-posedness and regularity of the semi-discrete and continuous in time weak solutions, and derive the conditions under which pure phases are admitted. Moreover, we develop discretizations of the problem based on finite element methods and implicit–explicit time-stepping methods that can be realized efficiently. Finally, we illustrate our theoretical findings through several numerical experiments in one and two spatial dimensions that highlight the differences in features of local and nonlocal solutions and also the sharp interface properties of the nonlocal model.
Circuit complexity and (some of) its applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan
Published: July 2021

Motivated by recent interesting holographic results, several attempts have been made to study complexity (rather “Circuit Complexity”) for quantum field theories using Nielsen’s geometric method. Since then, it has found many interesting applications. We discuss some of its applications. In particular, we discuss whether circuit complexity can be used as a diagnostics of quantum chaos. We use a simple toy model, namely the Inverted Harmonic Oscillator (IHO), to establish our claim and discuss further applications in the context of quantum cosmology.
From noninteracting to interacting picture of quark–gluon plasma in the presence of a magnetic field and its fluid property
Authors: Dey Jayanta , Satapathy Sarthak , Mishra Ankita , Paul Souvik , Ghosh Sabyasachi
Published: July 2021

We have attempted to build a parametric-based simplified and analytical model to map the interaction of quarks and gluons in the presence of magnetic field, which has been constrained by quark condensate and thermodynamical quantities like pressure, energy density, etc., obtained from the calculation of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCDs). To fulfill that mapping, we have assumed a parametric temperature and magnetic field-dependent degeneracy factor, average energy, momentum and velocity of quarks and gluons. Implementing this QCD interaction in calculation of transport coefficient at finite magnetic field, we have noticed that magnetic field and interaction both are two dominating sources, for which the values of transport coefficients can be reduced. Though the methodology is not so robust, but with the help of its simple parametric expressions, one can get a quick rough estimation of any phenomenological quantity, influenced by temperature and magnetic field-dependent QCD interaction.
On nonlinear Feynman–Kac formulas for viscosity solutions of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations
Authors: Beck Christian , Hutzenthaler Martin , Jentzen Arnulf
Published: July 2021

The classical Feynman–Kac identity builds a bridge between stochastic analysis and partial differential equations (PDEs) by providing stochastic representations for classical solutions of linear Kolmogorov PDEs. This opens the door for the derivation of sampling based Monte Carlo approximation methods, which can be meshfree and thereby stand a chance to approximate solutions of PDEs without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we extend the classical Feynman–Kac formula to certain semilinear Kolmogorov PDEs. More specifically, we identify suitable solutions of stochastic fixed point equations (SFPEs), which arise when the classical Feynman–Kac identity is formally applied to semilinear Kolmorogov PDEs, as viscosity solutions of the corresponding PDEs. This justifies, in particular, employing full-history recursive multilevel Picard (MLP) approximation algorithms, which have recently been shown to overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of solutions of SFPEs, in the numerical approximation of semilinear Kolmogorov PDEs.
Flocking dynamics of a coupled system in noisy environments
Authors: Chen Maoli , Liu Yicheng
Published: July 2021

We investigate the effect of noise on the emergence of flocking in a coupled systems by constructing a second-order coupled dynamics model, in which the inter-subgroup interaction is affected by external interference and disturbances. Based on the principle of comparison, we derive sufficient conditions for flocking and non-flocking in terms of the noise intensity and system parameters. We report that the coupled population cannot aggregate if the noise is large, while under the premise of small noise, the flocking behavior will emerge. Moreover, we find form the simulation that appropriate noise can promote the generation of flocking.
Higher-dimensional open quantum walk in environment of quantum Bernoulli noises
Authors: Wang Ce
Published: July 2021

Open quantum walks (OQWs) (also known as open quantum random walks) are quantum analogs of classical Markov chains in probability theory, and have potential application in quantum information and quantum computation. Quantum Bernoulli noises (QBNs) are annihilation and creation operators acting on Bernoulli functionals, and can be used as the environment of an open quantum system. In this paper, by using QBNs as the environment, we introduce an OQW on a general higher-dimensional integer lattice. We obtain a quantum channel representation of the walk, which shows that the walk is indeed an OQW. We prove that all the states of the walk are separable provided its initial state is separable. We also prove that, for some initial states, the walk has a limit probability distribution of higher-dimensional Gauss type. Finally, we show links between the walk and a unitary quantum walk recently introduced in terms of QBNs.
Partial Gabor frames and dual frames
Authors: Tian Yu , Jia Hui-Fang , He Guo-Liang
Published: July 2021

The theory of Gabor frames has been extensively investigated. This paper addresses partial Gabor systems. We introduce the concepts of partial Gabor system, frame and dual frame. We present some conditions for a partial Gabor system to be a partial Gabor frame, and using these conditions, we characterize partial dual frames. We also give some examples. It is noteworthy that the density theorem does not hold for general partial Gabor systems.
American Basket Option Pricing Formulas in Uncertain Environment
Authors: Gao Rong , Yin Xiaofang
Published: July 2021

American basket option is a contract containing multiple underlying assets, and its payoff is correlated with average prices or weighted average prices of these assets on or before the expiration date. The type of option entitles a holder the right to trade at the strike price within a specified date, and this right can be waived. Therefore, there is a certain price to be paid for acquiring this right, which produces the problem of option pricing. A lot of literature shows that basket option price is usually cheaper than option portfolios on individual underlying assets. Based on this advantage, basket option becomes popular among investors. Consequently, this paper predominantly explores four types of American basket option pricing in uncertain financial environment. Specifically they are American arithmetic basket call option, American arithmetic basket put option, American geometric basket call option and American geometric basket put option. Assuming that these stocks prices follow corresponding uncertain differential equations, we derive corresponding option pricing formulas. Some numerical examples are taken to illustrate the feasibility of pricing formulas. Simultaneously, this paper discusses the relationship between option price and some parameters.
A note on weakly prime-additive numbers
Authors: Fang Jin-Hui
Published: July 2021

A positive integer [Formula: see text] is called weakly prime-additive if [Formula: see text] has at least two distinct prime divisors and there exist distinct prime divisors [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and positive integers [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. It is easy to see that [Formula: see text]. In this paper, intrigued by De Koninck and Luca’s work, we further determine all weakly prime-additive numbers [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are distinct odd prime factors of [Formula: see text].
Fabrication of Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3 Modified Co0.9Cu0.1Si Alloy for Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Niu Xiaowei , Wei Qingbin , Guan Kunyu , Wang Xiaoyi , Liu Heng
Published: July 2021

Mechanical alloying is used to prepare the Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si alloy. Mesoporous silicon SBA-15 is employed as the template to synthesize mesoporous carbon CMK-3. For the purpose of improving the electrochemical properties of Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si alloy, Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text] CMK-3 ([Formula: see text], 6%, 9% and 12% mass fraction) alloys are fabricated via ball-milling. As the negative electrodes of Ni–MH batteries, the discharge capacities of alloys are tested by the LAND CT2001A tester and three-electrode system. Finally, the composite alloys show different properties for hydrogen storage. A maximum discharge capacity (558.7[Formula: see text]mAh/g) is achieved for Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text] CMK-3 electrode. Superfluous CMK-3 is not beneficial to enhance the discharge capacity of Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si alloy. Moreover, Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text] CMK-3 electrodes exhibit better corrosion and oxidation resistance, which leads to higher capacity retention for CMK-3/Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si composites. The comparative studies on HRD and kinetic properties of Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si and Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text] CMK-3 are also conducted. The [Formula: see text] of Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si alloy reduces and [Formula: see text] increases after doping of CMK-3. The special structural characteristics and higher conductivity of CMK-3 can offer more electrochemical active sites and accelerate hydrogen diffusion. Accordingly, the electrochemical activity and kinetic properties are enhanced for CMK-3/Co[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Si composites.
Short-lived alkaline magmatism related to the Réunion plume in the Deccan Large Igneous Province: inferences from petrology,
40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronology and palaeomagnetism of lamprophyre from the Sarnu-Dandali Alkaline Igneous Complex
Authors: Dongre Ashish , Dhote P. S. , Zamarkar P. , Sangode S. J. , Belyanin G. , Meshram D. C. , Patil S. K. , Karmakar Aaheri , Jain Lokant
Published: July 2021

Available geochronological information on Deccan indicates prolonged (started at 68.5 Ma) alkaline magmatism related to the Réunion mantle plume based on the
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages from Sarnu-Dandali and Mundwara alkaline complexes. We studied in detail an alkaline lamprophyre, from the Sarnu-Dandali Complex, rich in groundmass (magmatic) as well as xenocrystic phlogopites and clinopyroxenes.
40
Ar/
39
Ar age determinations of the phlogopites from this lamprophyre reveal two distinct ages of 65.44 ± 1.5 Ma and 68.17 ± 1 Ma. However, palaeomagnetic results show a VGP at 32.31° N and 298.52° E concordant with that of the Deccan Super Pole at 65.5 Ma and support the younger eruption age at
c.
65.44 ± 1.5 Ma. Analysed phlogopites lack any signs of retention of excess radiogenic Ar and yield similar inverse isochron ages, which suggests that the older age of
c.
68.17 ± 1 Ma belongs to the crystallization of xenocrystic phlogopite during mantle metasomatism. Trace element compositions support derivation of lamprophyre magma from an OIB-type enriched (metasomatized) mantle source with an involvement of phlogopite.

This finding suggests that the pre-Deccan ages of
c.
68–69 Ma reported previously may reflect the timing of metasomatism of the subcratonic lithospheric mantle during the separation of Greater-Seychelles from India at
c.
68.5 Ma. The absence of pre-Deccan alkaline rocks therefore indicates the short duration (between 67–65 Ma) of alkaline as well as small-volume, volatile-rich magmatism directly related to the Réunion (Deccan) plume.
Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis: A Comparative Analysis Between the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Aldy Joseph E. , Atkinson Giles , Kotchen Matthew J.
Published: July 2021

The United States and United Kingdom have long-standing traditions in the use of environmental benefit-cost analysis (E-BCA). While there are similarities between how E-BCA is utilized, there are significant differences too, many of which mirror ongoing debates and recent developments in the literature on environmental and natural resource economics. We review the use of E-BCA in both countries across three themes: ( a) the role of long-term discounting, ( b) the estimation and use of carbon valuation, and ( c) the estimation and use of the value of a statistical life. In each case, we discuss how academic developments are (and are not) translated into practical use and draw comparative lessons. We find that, in some cases, practical differences in E-BCA can be overstated, although in others these seem more substantive. Advances in the academic frontier also raise the question of when and how to update practical E-BCA, with very different answers across our themes.
A Line in Space: Pricing, Location, and Market Power in Agricultural Product Markets
Authors: Graubner Marten , Salhofer Klaus , Tribl Christoph
Published: July 2021

Agricultural economists have a long history of emphasizing and analyzing the spatial dimension of agricultural and food markets. Despite a rich body of literature and important contributions to agricultural and spatial economics, one aspect is frequently disregarded: the oligopsonistic nature of agricultural markets due to spatial competition of neighboring buyers of farm products. This review presents the theoretical foundations of spatial pricing, competition, and location in terms of buyer power and discusses concepts that are relevant for agricultural markets. By providing a comprehensive overview of prior work, we highlight the multifaceted areas of applications to agricultural markets. Additionally, we discuss future research avenues for and challenges of the analysis of spatial competition in agricultural economics.
Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Metallic Salts Based Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitor Application: Theoretical vs Experimental Performance
Authors: Romann T. , Eskusson J. , Thomberg T. , Lust E. , Jänes A.
Published: July 2021

In this work we have studied the effect of 1 M bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide metallic salts in acetonitrile (1 M MeTFSI, where Me = Li, Na, K, Cs or Mg) as an electrolyte for electrochemical capacitors (ECs), using computational quantum mechanical modelling, Raman analysis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and constant power methods. Also, the ionic conductivities of 1 M MeTFSI in AN have been measured and discussed. The ECs based on the 1 M KTFSI in AN electrolyte deliver the higher power density and energy density compared to other MeTFSI based electrolytes and showing excellent characteristics applicable in high energy and power EC devices.
Some Properties of Numerical Solutions for Semilinear Stochastic Delay Differential Equations Driven by G-Brownian Motion
Authors: Yuan Haiyan
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of semilinear stochastic delay differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion (G-SLSDDEs). The existence and uniqueness of exact solutions of G-SLSDDEs are studied by using some inequalities and the Picard iteration scheme first. Then the numerical approximation of exponential Euler method for G-SLSDDEs is constructed, and the convergence and the stability of the numerical method are studied. It is proved that the exponential Euler method is convergent, and it can reproduce the stability of the analytical solution under some restrictions. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical results.
Effect of Fractal‐Based Fiber Clustering on Tensile Properties of BFRP
Authors: He Jingjing , Shi Junping , Zhang Yong , Bi Yali , Fan Lihao
Published: July 2021

To explore the clustering phenomenon of discontinuous fibers in composite materials, this paper deduces the fiber uniform distribution coefficient and analytical expressions of fiber clustering content based on fractal theory and establishes a tensile strength prediction model of fiber/epoxy resin composite materials containing cluster fibers. With basalt fiber/epoxy resin composites (BFRP) as an example, this paper analyzes the tensile strength law of BFRP under fiber clustering effect. The results show that when the fiber volume fraction is constant, the tensile strength of the composite in the presence of agglomerated fibers is only related to the fractal dimension of the circumference and cross‐sectional area of the inner fiber agglomerate. The calculated value of the composite tensile strength based on fractal theory is lower than the experimental value, but closer to the experimental value than the approximate method. The research conclusions can provide theoretical support for strength prediction of fiber/epoxy resin composites.
2-Restricted Edge Connectivity of Wheel Networks
Authors: Feng Wei , Wang Shiying
Published: July 2021

The

g

-restricted edge connectivity (

g

-REC) is an efficient index in evaluating the reliability and fault tolerance of large-scale processing systems. Assume that

G
=

V
,
E

is a simple connected graph and

F
⊆
E

. The

g

-REC of

G

, denoted by

λ

g

G

, is the minimum

F

such that

G
−
F

is disconnected and any component has at least

g

nodes. The

n

-dimensional wheel network

CW

n

, a kind of Cayley graph, possesses many desired features. In this paper, we establish that

λ

2

CW

n

is

4
n
−
6

for

n
≥
5

, and

CW

n

is

λ

2

-optimal.
Vortex‐Induced Vibration Suppression of Bridges by Inerter‐Based Dynamic Vibration Absorbers
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chen Michael Z. Q. , Hu Yinlong
Published: July 2021

The vortex‐induced vibration may cause fatigue of a bridge structure, affecting the safety of vehicles and the comfort of pedestrians. Inerter is a two‐terminal device, which has been applied in many areas. This paper studies the problem of suppressing the vortex‐induced vibration of a bridge by using an inerter‐based dynamic vibration absorber (IDVA). The performances in terms of the suspension travel and the vertical displacement of the bridge with different IDVAs in suppressing vortex‐induced vibration are compared, and the effect of the installation position of IDVA on the performance of suppressing vortex‐induced vibration is shown. The performance indexes for the vertical displacement of six IDVA arrangements are obtained by using an iterative method, where the performance indexes for the vertical displacement are minimized by using the optimization toolbox in a commercial software. The result shows that the optimal installation positions and the number of suitable installation positions are affected by the resonant mode. Among the six arrangements, one arrangement is identified to have the best performance of suppressing vortex‐induced vibration. All the six arrangements have reduced the suspension travel performance.
Detection of Oil Spill Using SAR Imagery Based on AlexNet Model
Authors: Wang Xinzhe , Liu Jiaxu , Zhang Shuai , Deng Qiwen , Wang Zhuo , Li Yunhao , Fan Jianchao
Published: July 2021

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an irreplaceable role in the monitoring of marine oil spills. However, due to the limitation of its imaging characteristics, it is difficult to use traditional image processing methods to effectively extract oil spill information from SAR images with coherent speckle noise. In this paper, the convolutional neural network AlexNet model is used to extract the oil spill information from SAR images by taking advantage of its features of local connection, weight sharing, and learning for image representation. The existing remote sensing images of the oil spills in recent years in China are used to build a dataset. These images are enhanced by translation and flip of the dataset, and so on and then sent to the established deep convolutional neural network for training. The prediction model is obtained through optimization methods such as Adam. During the prediction, the predicted image is cut into several blocks, and the error information is removed by corrosion expansion and Gaussian filtering after the image is spliced again. Experiments based on actual oil spill SAR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified AlexNet model compared with other approaches.
Analysis of the Risk Path of the Pipeline Corridor Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Han Bao-Jiang , Jiang Yu-Sheng , Wang Zihao , Gong Daqing , Jiang Hua , Jiang Ping-lin
Published: July 2021

Under the background of China’s continuous promotion of urbanization, urban underground integrated pipeline corridor has become an inevitable trend of future urban integrated management. After the completion of the pipeline corridor, how to effectively manage its risks in operation and maintenance management has become a topic at this stage. In this paper, through the combination of the classical AHP method and DSM method, based on a large number of literature studies, the risk relationship system of the integrated pipe corridor is constructed. AnyLogic software is applied to simulate the system dynamics, analyze the impact of dynamic changes of each risk factor on the risk accident of the integrated pipe corridor, carry out uncertainty reasoning from multiple perspectives, and realize the evaluation and analysis of the accident risk of the integrated pipe corridor. The results of the study could provide targeted support tools for integrated pipeline corridor risk operation and maintenance management.
Classification and Recognition of Fish Farming by Extraction New Features to Control the Economic Aquatic Product
Authors: Zhang Yizhuo , Zhang Fengwei , Cheng Jinxiang , Zhao Huan
Published: July 2021

With the rapid emergence of the technology of deep learning (DL), it was successfully used in different fields such as the aquatic product. New opportunities in addition to challenges can be created according to this change for helping data processing in the smart fish farm. This study focuses on deep learning applications and how to support different activities in aquatic like identification of the fish, species classification, feeding decision, behavior analysis, estimation size, and prediction of water quality. Power and performance of computing with the analyzed given data are applied in the proposed DL method within fish farming. Results of the proposed method show the significance of contributions in deep learning and how automatic features are extracted. Still, there is a big challenge of using deep learning in an era of artificial intelligence. Training of the proposed method used a large number of labeled images got from the Fish4Knowledge dataset. The proposed method based on suitable feature extracted from the fish achieved good results in terms of recognition rate and accuracy.
Understanding the Process and Challenges for Return-to-Work Post-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from a Musculoskeletal Perspective: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mohammed Jaleel , Gonzales Anne , Bakhsh Hadeel R. , Georgievna Volkova Alisa , Rai Jayanti , Kancharla Bindu , Hashmi Shahrukh K.
Published: July 2021

The current paper seeks to inform healthcare professionals on how adapting various components of return to work (RTW) programs that are already in use by other musculoskeletal rehabilitation settings can help optimize return to work process for patients with or without musculoskeletal manifestations, posthematopoietic cell transplantation. Since there is no universally agreed RTW structure for hematopoietic cell transplant patients, a narrative approach has been taken utilizing evidence from the existing musculoskeletal return to work assessment publications to help draw parallel for the hematopoietic cell transplant patients. Databases were searched including PUBMED, CINHAL, AMED, SCOPUS, and Cochrane using keywords RTW, functional restoration program, hematopoietic cell transplant, bone marrow transplant, stem cell transplant, and musculoskeletal functional assessment. The authors have managed to outline and propose a structured RTW assessment and monitoring program which can aid in getting patients back to employment by utilizing the functional capacity and job evaluation to help hematopoietic cell transplantation patients reintegrate socially. Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant require additional support and a robust assessment system to allow safe RTW. The proposed model of RTW assessment can prove to be beneficial in helping patients return to work safely. Clinical Significance. To acknowledge the individuality in functional limitation is important in determining not only the rehab needs but also the RTW capabilities. The proposed RTW plan not only promotes an individualized approach to patients but also provides a structure for return to work assessments for hematopoietic cell transplantation patients, thus, eliminating the need for guess work by healthcare professionals. In line with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) recommendations, a RTW assessment combined with a job evaluation helps healthcare professionals and stakeholders to understand the unique challenges and strengths of a patient and thereby design an individualized therapy approach.
Anticolon Cancer Properties of Pyrazole Derivatives Acting through Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition
Authors: Alsayari Abdulrhman , Asiri Yahya I. , Muhsinah Abdullatif Bin , Hassan Mohd. Zaheen
Published: July 2021

Background. Pyrazoles are an interesting class of compounds showing potent anticancer activities. Our previous studies have demonstrated the potent anticancer activity of pyrazole analogues. Therefore, we focused on developing anticancer agents through structure optimization of the pyrazolyl lead molecule. Methods. The pyrazole derivatives were prepared by the appropriate synthetic protocols. The antiproliferative activities were evaluated using a sulforhodamine B assay against three cancer cell lines. In vitro and in silico molecular docking studies employing xanthine oxidase were used to explore the mechanism by which pyrazole derivatives exert anticancer effects. Results. One of the pyrazole derivatives demonstrated the greatest promise as an anticancer agent against the human colon cancer cell line (IC50 4.2 μM), with a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (IC50 0.83 μM). Conclusion. In summary, our findings suggest that these pyrazolyl analogues containing a pyridine nucleus could serve as a promising lead molecule in the development of novel anticancer agents.
Evaluation of College Students’ Emergency Response Capability Based on Questionnaire‐TOPSIS Innovative Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhou Wei , Song Yang
Published: July 2021

With the development of our society, the diversity of the university environment has been increased. The complexity of the diversified university environment also greatly increases the frequency of campus crisis incidents. Therefore, how to evaluate the emergency response ability of college students and how to take effective response measures have become problems that need urgent attentions. In this study, the evaluation of college students’ emergency response capability based on the questionnaire‐TOPSIS innovative algorithm is conducted. Firstly, the questionnaire method is used to analyze the current situation of college students’ ability of emergency response, and then a comprehensive evaluation is made using the TOPSIS innovative algorithm. The results of the ranking of emergency response ability are as follows: excellent > good > undergraduate > graduate > inferior. Secondly, the reasons for the lack of ability of emergency response to students based on the evaluation results are studied intensively. Finally, the development countermeasures for college students’ emergency response ability training are put forward.
Ordered Variables and Their Concomitants under Extropy via COVID‐19 Data Application
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed S. , Abdulrahman Alanazi Talal , Almaspoor Zahra , Yusuf M.
Published: July 2021

Extropy, as a complementary dual of entropy, has been discussed in many works of literature, where it is declared for other measures as an extension of extropy. In this article, we obtain the extropy of generalized order statistics via its dual and give some examples from well‐known distributions. Furthermore, we study the residual and past extropy for such models. On the other hand, based on Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern distribution, we consider the residual extropy of concomitants of m‐generalized order statistics and present this measure with some additional features. In addition, we provide the upper bound and stochastic orders of it. Finally, nonparametric estimation of the residual extropy of concomitants of m‐generalized order statistics is included using simulated and real data connected with COVID‐19 virus.
Stability Assessment of Dangerous Rock Mass of an Overhanging Slope in Puerdu Town, Southwestern China
Authors: Liu Wen-Lian , Dong Jia-Xing , Sui Su-Gang , Xu Han-Hua , Yang Run-Xue , Shen Zhen-Luo
Published: July 2021

Dangerous rock mass in the overhanging slope of Puerdu town has good free‐face condition, high position, and great potential energy, identification and stability evaluation of which is a difficult problem in the disaster prevention. In this paper, the limit equilibrium method was used to evaluate the dangerous rock mass stability in the overhanging slope. Firstly, geomorphic characteristics and the distribution of dangerous rock mass are determined by the field geological survey. Secondly, six dangerous rock masses which may cause more threat are studied, with defining their failure modes and characteristic parameters. Finally, a simplified geological model is established, the stability coefficient of dangerous rock mass under different conditions is calculated by the limit equilibrium method, at the same time, stability analysis of dangerous rock mass is carried out based on the stereographic projection, and the hazard probability is estimated by the empirical formula. Results show that joints obviously developed in the dangerous rock mass of W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6, with falling‐type and toppling‐type failure modes. In the natural condition, the dangerous rock mass is understable and unstable under the rainstorm and earthquake conditions. Consequently, rainstorm and earthquake are the key triggering factors of the instability and collapse of dangerous rock mass.