bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of amitriptyline on ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Dehghani Atefe , Tabaku Afrim , Kamalzadeh Shokouh
Published: February 2024

Many studies have shown that antidepressants can have anticancer effects; however, the anti-cancer effects of the antidepressant amitriptyline on ovarian cancer cells are unclear. Accordingly, the present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of amitriptyline on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In this experimental-laboratory study, ovarian cancer (A2780) cells were divided into control (untreated) group and groups treated with 78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 μg/ml of amitriptyline. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay method 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Data was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Ovarian cancer cell viability significantly reduced after treatment with 78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250, and 2500 μg/ml after 24 and 48 hours (p < 0.001). IC50 the drug was 1144 and 1071 for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that amitriptyline has cytotoxic effects on ovarian cancer cells.
Healing effect of decellularized human placenta and gelatin hydrogel on diabetic wound in animal model
Authors: Sadat Afraz Elham , Sahraee Sanaz , Gholamian Varnamkhasti Ahmadreza , Mani Hanieh
Published: February 2024

Diabetic skin wounds are the most critical clinical issues that are mostly resistant to usual treatments and healing methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effect of decellularized human placenta and gelatin hydrogel on the diabetic wound in an animal model. Dorsal-paired 8–10 mm diameter wounds were created in the male Wistar diabetic rats. The rats were divided into control untreated group and groups treated with gelatin, decellularized placenta, and “decellularized placenta + gelatin”. Macroscopic examination and wound area measurement were applied on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment to evaluate wound healing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Wound area significantly decreased 7 days after treatment in gelatin, decellularized placenta and “decellularized placenta + gelatin” treated rats compared to control animals, however, there was no significant difference in wound area between gelatin, decellularized placenta and “decellularized placenta + gelatin” groups. There was no also significant difference between the groups 14 and 21 days after treatment. Conclusively, our findings show that the decellularized placenta has healing properties on diabetic skin wound comparable to gelatin hydrogel.
Use of AI-powered technologies in upper secondary language learning
Authors: Bundgaard Kristine , Kalsgaard Møller Anders
Published: February 2024

For many years, language technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been influencing foreign language teaching. This is only expected to increase with the introduction of tools like ChatGPT. Until now, particularly machine translation (MT) has challenged Danish upper secondary language teachers, and the reaction has typically been to prohibit MT and thus not integrate it into teaching. However, this can be problematic if students use MT anyway, e.g. because it can result in inappropriate use of the technology. Likewise, today, we often come across machine translations and other AI-based texts online. This article presents the results of a survey conducted in language subjects of upper secondary students' use of and attitudes towards MT. The study shows a widespread use of MT, e.g. for homework and hand-in assignments. Against this background, and based on digital literacy theory, perspectives in incorporating AI-powered language technologies into foreign language teaching are discussed.
The role of AI chatbots in scaffolding: Linking learning outcomes with assessment
Authors: Dau Susanne , Jensen Camilla Gyldendahl , Gade Peter
Published: February 2024

Emerging discussions highlight the role of chatbots in education, which centres around fundamental perspectives concerning technology as either beneficial or an unnecessary disruption to the learning and assessment processes. However, it is crucial to recognise that no technology can be deemed value-neutral, and technological euphoria often blinds us to the unintended consequences of its use. Hence, there is a need for a practical understanding informed by value-based perspectives to comprehend how the encoded experiences created by ChatGPT transform the teaching of students. This article makes a significant contribution to the field of educational research, as only limited attention has been given to higher education students’ reflections on the pedagogical use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots for learning and assessment. The article discusses, through empirical findings, the constructive alignment between learning objectives and assessment when employing AI chatbots. The data collection process revolves around students’ reflective experiences while utilising the potential of ChatGPT, which are subsequently analysed through focused group interviews. The paper, informed by these observational data, presents a conceptual framework for teachers to employ and assess ChatGPT as a means to scaffold learning among students.
Udbredelse af og kendetegn ved undervisning af studerende udenfor læreruddannelsens mure
Authors: Barfod Karen , Bølling Mads , Hald Marianne , Hansen Dorrit
Published: February 2024

En femtedel af danske grundskoler praktiserer udeskole, der er regelmæssig undervisning udenfor skolens mure i folkeskolens almindelige fag. Centrale indsatser for udbredelse af udeskole, åben skole og bevægelse i undervisningen har bidraget til udviklingen af udeskole, men kvalificering af lærere til at varetage undervisningen har vist sig at være sporadisk. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan undervisning udenfor læreruddannelsens mure er udbredt og karakteriseret på læreruddannelsen. I sommeren 2022 modtog alle ansatte læreruddannere på professionshøjskolerne (N~814) en elektronisk survey. Resultaterne viser, at mindst hver tredje læreruddanner inddrog undervisning udenfor (svarprocent 38,2% (n=311)). Udbredelsen var størst for specialiseringsmoduler, naturfaglige og praktisk-æstetiske fag. Dette resultat er suppleret med nogle studerendes evalueringer af specialiseringsmoduler, der involverer udeskole og åben skole. Med reference til lærerstuderendes syn på forholdet mellem teori og praksis i specialiseringsmodulerne (opposition, simulation og refleksion) diskuteres udeundervisningens muligheder for at skabe broer og sammenhæng i en læreruddannelse uden specialiseringsmoduler (LU 23). Vi anbefaler, at udeundervisningen sikres i fagene.
Når lærerstuderende øver sig i engelsklærerfaglig opmærksomhed på læreruddannelsen
Authors: Rasmussen Hanne Fie , Gaarsmand Solveig
Published: February 2024

Dette studie viser, hvordan lærerstuderende tilegner sig fagdidaktiske begreber i tre forløb, hvor de bemærker, beskriver, forklarer og forudsiger ud fra videosekvenser af engelskundervisning. Ved at analysere tre engelskfaglige kerneområder, kommunikation, interkulturel kommunikativ kompetence (fremover ICC) og grammatik i kontekst, udvikler de lærerstuderende kompetencer til at genkende og reflektere over alle tre kerneområder. Dog har de størst fokus på kommunikation. Studiet viser tegn på progression både inden for hvert forløb og fra forløb til forløb. Det er tydeligt, at langsommeligheden i hvert forløb er et vigtigt element for udviklingen af deres spirende fremtidige identitet som engelsklærere.
Distributed Cognition in Fractured Ecologies
Authors: Ilomäki Sakari , Stavanovic Melisa
Published: February 2024

In this article we present a conversation analytic case study of a video-mediated teleconsultation in which the participants face a problem with the audio connection. During the problem-solving process the interactants need to direct one another’s attention and action in relation to technological artefacts to solve the problem. Video mediation limits physical access to distant participants’ physical ecology, which is overcome by fitting interactional practices to the communicative medium available at a given moment. Drawing on insights from the distributed cognition perspective and the CA perspective on participation, multimodality, and epistemics, we propose specifications to existing theories of problems solving, seeking to develop integrative approaches to real-world problem solving.
A. F. Voeykov and "Description of the Kalmyk people"
Authors: Dordzhieva Elena Valerievna
Published: February 2024

The object of the study is the perception of the "inner" traveler of the nomadic people of the Russian Empire on the example of the Kalmyks. The research material is the "Description of the Kalmyk people" by the poet, translator and publisher A. F. Voeikov (1779-1839), which was based on the diaries of a trip to the south of Russia in 1813. In his travel notes, the writer pays special attention to understanding the customs and traditions of the Kalmyks. The study of Voeykov's biography and work revealed the context of the appeal to the history of the Kalmyks. In the context of the rise of national consciousness and the ethnographic boom after the Patriotic War of 1812, literary travel pursues both educational (knowledge of another culture) and ideological goals ("increment" of the province to the empire). Usually harsh and sometimes unscrupulous, Voeykov tries to avoid looking "from above" in the description of Kalmyks. Noting the archaic social structure, ignorance and superstitions of the people under the rule of their secular and spiritual rulers, he draws the Government's attention to the need for further integration of the Kalmyks. The narrative of the "Description" combines the tasks of the traveler and the author-narrator. On the one hand, Voeykov draws on early works on the Kalmyks and actively introduces quotations from ethnographers, scientists and administrators into the text, on the other hand, he tries to make a personal analysis of another culture. To create an image of the "Other", the text uses a number of lexical means, which include the use of evaluative words and expressions ("superstitious Kalmyks"), comparisons ("the Kalmyk way of life resembles primitive human societies", intelligent gernguters /ignorant Kalmyks), metaphors ("peaceful shepherds").
Impact of capital structure on performance from a pecking order perspective: evidence from panel data of Brazilian publicly traded companies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: De Souza Júlio César Mendes , Do Prado José Willer
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship of the capital structure versus the performance, from the perspective of the Pecking Order theory, of companies listed on B3, and to compare the results in the pre-pandemic and post-Covid-19 pandemic periods. The study was characterized as descriptive and quantitative.  A regression was performed with panel data, a fixed and balanced model, for 187 B3 companies, whose consolidated and
inflation-adjusted financial statements were available at Economática®. The quarterly data corresponded to the period from the 2nd quarter of 2018 to the 4th quarter of 2021. A dummy variable was included in the model to identify the pre-pandemic (2018 and 2019) and post-pandemic (2020 and 2021) periods. The results indicate that companies listed on B3 were negatively impacted in their value during the Covid-19 period, given that companies that increased the use of short-term third-party capital during the pandemic showed a decrease in the market value ratio divided by the Asset. The increase in leverage showed a negative relationship with their performance, as recommended by the Pecking Order theory. As a limitation of this study, the lack of use of other theories on Capital Structure to compare the results found is mentioned, thus suggesting, for future studies, the inclusion of other theories for analysis and also the realization of a deeper investigation on the effects of the problems of agency and information asymmetry that may have contributed to the results found.
The National Student Assistance Plan (PNAES) in the context of a university campus in the Amazon Region
Authors: Da Cruz Raone Holanda , Gonçalves Ingrid Araújo Xavier , Arenas Marlene Valério dos Santos , De Souza Valmir Batista Prestes
Published: February 2024

The study carried out sought to analyze whether a campus of a federal public university in the Amazon Region, through its Student Assistance Program, has managed to combat dropout rates from its courses, as stated in one of the main objectives of the National Student Assistance Program – PNAES, set out in Decree n º 7.234 of July 19, 2010. Microsoft Office Excel software was used to carry out the study, in order to identify the profile of the beneficiary students and their course completion rates, based on two documents: The Report of students benefiting from student assistance, between the years 2016 to 2020 and the Report of dropout students who entered between the years 2012 to 2018. Furthermore, a Multiple Correspondence Analysis was carried out using the R software. study results indicate that the Student Assistance Program contributes to the reduction of school dropouts in courses on the studied campus, mainly in afternoon courses. It was found that improvements are possible with the adoption of measures aimed at encouraging students to complete the course, especially those in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability, such as expanding and increasing the value of student aid.
Insect Abundance in Soils Contaminated with Palm Oil Mill and Spent Engine Oil Effluents and Their Relationship to Ambient Microclimate
Authors: Okeke, T. E.  , Ewuim, S. C.  , Ononye, B. U.  , Mbelede, K. C.  , Chukwudebelu, A. E.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effects of microclimates, specifically temperature and relative humidity, on the abundance of insects in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study divided Ebonyi State University's Presco Campus into two habitat zones, employing quantitative methods like handheld sweep nets and pitfall traps. Six transect walks were conducted along 0.23-kilometer lines, sampling ground-level vegetation twice a week. Twelve pitfall traps with a soap-water solution were deployed in each habitat. Euthanized insects were preserved with ethyl acetate, and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, and diversity indices to assess species diversity and distribution. Results indicate variations in temperature, relative humidity and insect abundance across different sites, with the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) site exhibiting the highest mean insect abundance (10.79). The relationship between environmental variables and insect abundance reveals a positive correlation with temperature (r = 0.361; P = 0.03) and a negative association with relative humidity (r = -0.0741; P = 0.667). These findings underscore the nuanced interplay between microclimates and insect abundance, emphasizing the importance of context-specific analyses in understanding ecological relationships. The research findings have implications for agriculture, public health, and ecosystem management in Abakaliki and similar regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions considering the unique microclimatic conditions of the area.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Nigerian-Naira Exchange Rate Fluctuations (1981-2021)
Authors: Ohaegbulem Emmanuel Uchenna , Iheaka Victor Chijindu
Published: February 2024

This study majorly considered establishing the relationship that existed among the Nigerian-Naira (NGN) Exchange Rate and External Reserve, Inflation Rate, GDP Growth, Public Debt, Unemployment Rate and Exports for the period, (1981-2021). Also, the macroeconomic variables that influenced the NGN exchange rate fluctuations were determined. Multiple linear regression and correlation analyses were employed in this study. Results showed that the significant variables that influenced the NGN exchange rate fluctuations were External Reserve, Public Debt and Unemployment Rate; and each of them had very strong significant positive relationships with NGN exchange rate fluctuations. It was equally revealed that about 97% of the total variations in the NGN exchange rate fluctuations, from 1981 to 2021, were accounted for by variations in External Reserve, Public Debt and Unemployment Rate; while about 3% of the total variations in the NGN exchange rate could be attributed to other macroeconomic factors outside the ones used in this study. It was concluded that External Reserve, Public Debt and Unemployment Rate were the most macroeconomic factors that influenced the Nigerian-Naira exchange rate fluctuations from 1981 to 2021.
Assessment of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme (AChE) Activity in the Developing Brain of TSD Lizard, Calotes Versicolor (Daud.)
Authors: Handi Rahul M. , Doddamani Laxmi S. Inamdar
Published: February 2024

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a critical enzyme in the neuronal cholinergic system of vertebrates. It is one of the efficient cholinesterases that is involved in the termination of acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission, rapidly hydrolyzing acetylcholine into acetate and choline. Barring a few reports on the distribution/presence of AChE enzyme activity in the adult reptilian species there are nil reports on the presence of this enzyme activity in the developing brain. Hence, the present investigation aims to evaluate AChE enzyme activity in the developing brain of an oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor which exhibits a novel Female-Male-Female-Male (FMFM) pattern of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The eggs were collected during breeding season, padded with moist cotton, and incubated in an incubator at 30o C. The whole brain from the embryos was collected during different developmental stages from oviposition (Stage 27) to hatching (stage 42). The AChE enzyme activity was quantified in the brain, according to Ellman’s protocol using a spectrophotometer. The findings reveal that the onset of AChE enzyme activity is observed as early as at oviposition, which reflects the early action of AChE activity in the developing brain. The observed results albeit indirectly suggest the involvement of AChE enzyme activity in the morphogenetic process. Further, an exponential increase in AChE activity during the post-gonadal differentiation phase indicates age-related elevation in AChE enzyme activity which in turn unveils its involvement in neuronal transmission of the embryonic brain. Besides, this specific AChE enzyme activity in the developing brain of Calotes versicolor represents a conserved pattern for the cholinergic system in vertebrates.
Response of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Ranjan Rahul , Singh Raghvendra , Yadav Aneeta , Yadav Gajraj
Published: February 2024

A two-year field experiment conducted at Rama University's farm in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh during the kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023 aimed to assess the impact of different nutrient management strategies on nutrient uptake. Phosphorus, a crucial nutrient, is deficient in insoluble forms, causing low yields in mungbean. Biofertilizers offer a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and renewable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Inoculating pulse seeds with phosphorus-solubilizing agents boosts phosphorus availability for plant growth, enhancing mungbean productivity in the Central alluvial region of Uttar Pradesh. The study incorporated four varieties—PDM-139, IPM 2-3, Meha, and IPM 2-14—alongside varying levels of nutrient management practices. These practices involved N0 (Control), N1, N2, and N3, each with distinct combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc sulfate, seed treatment with rhizobium culture, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The experiment followed a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Findings indicated that the application of 20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 25 kg ZnSO4.H2O ha-1, coupled with seed treatment involving rhizobium culture and PSB at 2.5 kg ha-1 in soil, significantly enhanced nutrient uptake in the Central alluvial tract of Uttar Pradesh.
Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth and Quality Parameters of Summer Pearlmillet under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition
Authors: Chaudhary M. A. , Patel D. M. , Chaudhary H. N. , Gohil V. B. , Chaudhary K. V.
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to asses the effect of drip fertigation on growth and quality parameters of summer pearlmillet under North Gujarat condition. There were 18 treatment combinations comprising two irrigation intervals viz., One and Two days interval; three moisture regimes viz., 100, 80 and 60% ETc in the main plot and three levels of N fertigation viz., 100, 80 and 60% RDN in sub-plot were tested in split plot design with three replications. The pooled results of  irrigation interval, moisture regime and fertigation practice show that  application of irrigation at alternate day  under 100% ETc along with 100% RDN through drip fertigation had a significant effect on crop growth, yield and yield contributing characters and quality parameters and their values were significantly higher than other irrigation interval, drip irrigation regimes and fertigation levels. It also uptake significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus in grain and straw of pearlmillet raised during summer season.
Impact of Different Sources and Levels of Biochar on Maize Growth and Yield in a Vertisol
Authors: Nagaveni H. C.  , Hebsur N. S. , Kuligod V. B. , Rajkumar S. , Nirmalanath P. Jones
Published: February 2024

Biochar preparation is one of the beneficial technologies for crop residue management. The production and use of biochar have many opportunities for soil improvement and agricultural productivity. A field experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD, to assess the potential effect of biochar derived from maize cob rind, coconut shell and Prosopis sps on growth and yield of maize grown in Kharif season 2022. Treatments comprised of first factor as biochar sources viz., maize cob rind biochar, Prosopis sps biochar and coconut shell biochar, second factor as application rates viz., 7.5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 along with RPP without FYM, RPP and absolute control with three replications. Among the different biochar sources PSB recorded significantly higher total dry matter (188.21 g plant-1), grain weight per cob (174.44 g cob-1), grain yield (59.60 q ha-1) and Stover yield (81.22 q ha-1). Among the different rates of biochar application, significantly higher total dry matter (196.00 g plant-1), grain weight per cob (183.02 g cob-1), grain yield (57.55 q ha-1), stover yield (88.94) were recorded with biochars application of 15 t ha-1. However, lower values were recorded in absolute control. Among the Interaction effect between the sources and rate of biochar application was found to be non- significant with yield and soil parameters. Therefore, effect of biochar on the availability of soil nutrients is associated with the nature of the biochar feedstock, the rate of application and the soil characteristics.
Public Health Strategies Against Social Stigma in the Mpox Outbreak: A Systematic Review
Authors: Norberg Antonio Neres , Norberg Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira , Manhães Fernanda Castro , Filho Renato Mataveli Ferreira , Souza Davydson Gerhardt de , Queiroz Margareth Maria de Carvalho , Neto Carlos Henrique Garção , Ribeiro Paulo Cesar , Boechat Júlio Cesar dos Santos , Viana Kelen Salaroli , Silva Marly Torres Rodrigues da
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: In May 2022, the emergence of an outbreak of the Mpox virus was observed across multiple countries, precipitating swift global dissemination. The present Mpox outbreak exhibits unusual characteristics in contrast to antecedent occurrences. A salient peculiarity is the noteworthy incidence of confirmed cases among men who have sex with men. The aim of this research is to discern, within the current scientific literature, the most pertinent and efficacious public health strategies for preventing or mitigating Mpox-related social stigmatization.

Methods: Employing the PRISMA model, a systematic review was conducted utilizing PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, encompassing articles published from January 2022 to January 2024. Public health strategies to prevent or mitigate Mpox social stigmatization were systematically recorded and summarized for subsequent analysis.

Results: Seven articles were identified and analyzed. None of the evaluated articles presented a comprehensive approach concerning public health strategies to counteract social stigmatization amid the Mpox outbreak scenario. The examined studies emphasize the pivotal role of interventions within three axes for public health strategies: awareness and training of healthcare professionals, targeted and sensitive communication addressing the needs of different affected groups, and medical care measures ensuring anonymity and respect for patients.

Conclusion: Confronting the proposed strategies with the key issues that trigger stigmatization, it becomes evident that a nuanced calibration of these strategies is required for optimizing the efficacy of public health guidelines implementation. Furthermore, attention to the mental health of Mpox patients is a crucial dimension that cannot be overlooked, given the psychological vulnerability of these individuals, arising from both the disease itself and social stigmatization.
Correlation between Optical Coherence Tomography Ganglion Cell Layer Analysis and Visual Field in Cases of Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Saad Elham Abdullah Elsheraiy , Mohammed Tarek Ragaey , Soht Rabab Mohammed El , Abdelhalim Tamer Ibrahim
Published: February 2024

Background: Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is a condition in which there is excessive cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pressure in the subarachnoid space that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (intracranial pressure (ICP)) owing to an unexplained cause. It affects 1:100,000 persons yearly with a 20 times greater prevalence in young, obese girls. We wanted to correlate between optical coherence tomography ganglion cell layer analyses and visual field in patients of benign intracranial hypertension.

Methods: This cross-sectional clinical study that was carried out on 30 patients (60 eyes) who all had a recently diagnosed papilledema due to first episode of IIH. Goal of the study, and applied tests was done before obtaining an informed consent. Personal history, past medical and ocular history, possible risk factors for IIH were taken. Full ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), color perception, pupillary reflexes, slit lamp bio microscopy examination including assessment of papilledema grade, blood pressure check and body mass index (BMI). All patients underwent automated perimetry in dim light to evaluate their visual field using SITA fast Standard 30-2 protocol by Humphrey Field Analyzer (Humphrey Field Analyzer I Carl Zeiss AG – Oberkochen – Germany).

Results: Average RNFL thickness had significant positive correlation with rim area (r=0.654, P<0.001) and disc area (r=0.665, P<0.001). Average RNFL thickness had no correlation with VA, IOP and average CD.

 Average GCL complex had significant negative correlation with rim area (r= -0.283, P=0.028) and disc area (r= -0.328, P=0.01). Average GCL complex had no correlation with VA, IOP and average CD. Minimum GCL complex had significant negative correlation with rim area (r= -0.272, P=0.036) and disc area (r= -0.315, P=0.014). Minimum GCL complex had no correlation with VA, IOP and average CD. Papilledema grading had significant positive correlation with average RNFL thickness (r=0.461, P<0.001). Papilledema grading had no correlation with average GCL complex, minimum GCL complex, VFI, MD and PSD.

Conclusions: There is a strong structure-function link between visual field indices and OCT parameters such as RNFL and GCC.
The Impact of Some Macroeconomic Variables on the Foreign Trade of Manufactures in China for the Period (2000-2020)
Authors: Khudhair Muneam Ahmed , Sahho Nazhan Mohammed , Ibraheem Tareq Noori Ibraheem
Published: February 2024

Foreign trade is considered one of the main components of global economic relations, because it represents the oldest and most developed traditional form of those relations, and it also brings together the countries of the world in one international economic system. China has many industrial fields, the most important of which are the machinery industry and the cement industry, in addition to being the most prominent manufacturers of means of transportation, the most important of which are aircraft, in addition to trains, cars and electronic goods. The research aims to measure and analyze the impact of some macroeconomic variables on the foreign trade of manufactures in China for the period (2000-2020), and the standard study using the ARDL model concluded that the exchange rate affects significantly and directly on the value of foreign trade of manufactures, and this means that the increase of one unit The exchange rate leads to an increase in the value of foreign trade of manufactures by (678) million dollars, and an increase in the domestic product by one unit during the year will lead to an increase in the value of foreign trade of manufactures by about (0.17) million dollars. It means that the increase in public spending leads to an increase in the foreign trade of manufactures by (3.87) million dollars, due to the increase of one unit in the value of public spending. Interest in foreign direct investment will increase the value of foreign trade of manufactures by (0.06) million dollars during the year
The Effect of Money Supply on the Gross Domestic Product in Iraq for the Period2010-2020
Authors: Mohammad Harith Adnan
Published: February 2024

The aim of the research is to study the relationship between money supply and GDP in Iraq. The research concluded that the relationship between money supply and GDP is complex and multi-faceted. An increase in the money supply may stimulate economic activity and boost GDP growth, but it can also lead to inflation and currency depreciation. Conversely, a decrease in money supply may reduce inflation but may also lead to a decrease in economic activity and GDP growth. Other factors, such as government policies, international trade, and market conditions, also play an important role in determining the relationship between money supply and GDP
The Effectiveness of Public Spending in Addressing the Problem of Poverty in Iraq for the Period (2014-2020)
Authors: abd Sami kamel
Published: February 2024

Poverty has been a simultaneous economic phenomenon since the existence of ancient civilizations and, to this day, according to the social divisions of each country. There are many reasons for the phenomenon of poverty that different countries suffer from, especially Iraq, including poor income distribution and a decline in the government’s role in public spending on various economic sectors, as well as the security situation deteriorating as well as overpopulation and environmental degradation. All of these reasons led to an increase in the poverty rate in Iraq, which resulted in political, social, and economic effects, such as high unemployment rates, the spread of illiteracy in most regions, and increased crime. Poverty alleviation, including developing new and real economic development strategies that seek to reduce the poverty rate in Iraq
Analyzing the Phenomenon of Financial and Administrative Corruption in the Iraqi Economy
Authors: Turki Arshad Abdul Latif , Habeeb Hussein breesam , Salman Hussein Abdulhamza
Published: February 2024

The phenomenon of corruption in Iraq is not the result of the current period. It is dated back to more than three decades. The clearest ugly form of corruption is in 2003 as Iraq has occupied the highest ranks in financial and administrative corruption because of the occupation and the security conditions that accompanied it, the lack of independent authority, the destruction of the infrastructure, changingthe policy of The economic situation, the large amount of money spent on the reconstruction of Iraq,the transparency of media of all kinds and means, which obtained freedom to view corruption files credibly sometimes to some extent, which contributed to the spreadingand growing of the phenomenon of corruption. The Integrity Commission estimated the funds lost due to financial and administrative corruption in Iraq at approximately 320 billiondollars during the past 15 years. The Commission has received thousands of cases related to corruption.In the first quarter of 2017, the commission received (9832)cases of which (4443) cases were resolved. The research started from a question describing the research problem;"What are the implications of administrative and financial corruption in the environment of the Iraqi economy and what role is adopted by the economic and regulatory authorities in reducing this phenomenon?"due to the high degree of importance to the growing negative role played by administrative corruption in Economicperformance. The present study assumes that:"Administrative and financialcorruption is one of the main factors that limit the process of economic development in Iraq and thus contributes to hinder projects and plans of development and investment".The present study aimsat raising awareness of the seriousness of administrativeand financial corruption and its various forms, identifying causes and motives of corruption, seeking to reduce the negative effects on the development of its economic, social,and administrative dimensions, and tryingto develop effective solutions to address this phenomenon. The research answered the question and the assumption above.The present study is divided into three main sections. Section one presents the theoretical framework. Section two discusses the role played by financial authorities in addressing financial and administrative corruption. Section threetackles the economic effects of financial and administrative corruption in the environment of the Iraqi economy and waysto address them. The present study has come up with many conclusions and recommendations:Corruption thrives intheavailability of a favorable and encouraging environment.Corruption continues to limit opportunities for growth and economic development.If corruption escalates by 1%, the economic growth rate will decline by 0.72%.The present study focuseson recommendations regarding the legislative, economic and social aspects that constitute a roadmap forthrusting this phenomenon
The Impact of Ownership Structure on Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from Companies Listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
Authors: Hashim Hasan Talib , Mohammed Dr. Fatima Jasim , Shibli Dr. Abdulhussein Towfeeq
Published: February 2024

The effect of ownership structure on accounting conservatism is examined in a study of companies that are listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange (ISX). The shares of each dimension were divided by the total number of shares to identify ownership of the structure's dimensions, and a scale (Givoly & Hayn, 2000) was used to estimate the accounting conservatism. Information asymmetry was measured using high/low margins. Data from 2015 to 2019 is taken from the yearly financial statements and trading bulletins. The current study's statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between ownership structure and accounting conservatism.
The Impact of Geographical Location on Religious Tourism Policy in Iraq
Authors: Zwain Fadhil Malik Fadhil
Published: February 2024

Tourism is today one of the most growing industries in the world after it has become one of the most important sectors in international trade. In addition, the role of tourism in the development of private sector institutions and non-governmental organizations, after the expansion of the scope of the sectors and services concerned with them, and the huge basic infrastructure required to support them such as transport, banks, financial institutions, advertising institutions, etc.Which made this sector a target for economic development programs. Iraq possesses the elements of tourism development, as it is one of the most important countries in which the terrain varies, as well as a civilization thousands of years old. In addition, Iraq contains the most important holy shrines of the prophets and righteous saints, which are scattered throughout the country, which makes Iraq one of the most important tourist attractions if thedevelopment of this leading sector in the process of economic development, which can be one of the most important economic resources of the state, in addition to oil, whose prices change from time to time.
The Possibility of Developing the Performance of Green Products in the General Company for Electrical and ElectronicIndustries / Baghdad -Al-Waziriyah
Authors: Jasim Batool Munshid , Mustafa Alaa Abdulsalam
Published: February 2024

The problem of the study was the absence of a knowledge product about the development of the performance of green products in Iraqi companies or others, especially in the field of electrical and electronic industries, and this indicates the existence of a knowledge gap. The current study aims to test the possibility of developing the performance of green products in the company under study, as an attempt to fill the knowledge gap in explaining the nature of the relationship through a survey of the opinions of a group of individuals working in the company under study. To achieve this goal, the current study concluded that developing the performance of green products helps organizations move towards environmental sustainabilityGreen products have become a powerful competitive weapon in the market because more customers are becoming concerned about the environment and more customers are willing to pay more for green products. We conclude from the results of the study that the company is under study to pay great attention to the development of environmentally friendly products, and this reinforces the problem of the current study. In order to develop the performance of the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries and improve its competitive position, we suggest that the company develop the performance of its green products on a large scale
The Role of Soft Human Resource Management in Improving Production Efficiency: An Exploratory Study in the Maysan Oil Company
Authors: Najm Ali Hasan , Mustafa Alaa Abdulsalam , Makttoof Nawar Ali
Published: February 2024

The study aims to know the role of soft human resources management to improve production efficiency, as the study problem revolves around the lack of awareness of the management of the Maysan Oil Company of the philosophy of soft human resources management and itsrole in improving production efficiency. The study sample included (205) officials in the Maysan Oil Company, and for the purpose of achieving the goal of the study, the questionnaire was adopted to collect data related to the study, and the questionnairecollected was analyzed using the statistical programs (SPSS.V.25), (Amos V. 23) and the results are shown. Organizations that treat their employees well and care about employee well-being perform better than those that are concerned only with organized profitability and provide a good work environment along with soft leadership, participation, training and development and organizational culture to a conducive environment in which employees can exercise their creativity and innovation, which enhances their motivation cycle to work and this plays a beneficial role to improve production efficiency.
The Impact of Job Performance on the Individual's Well-being: An Analytical Case at the University of Dhi Qar
Authors: Jabbar Akram Ali , Kareem Mahmood DakhilAbdul
Published: February 2024

The main objective of the research is to analyze the role of job performance as an independent variable during the individual's well-being as a variable. The researcher chose the government colleges at the University of Dhi Qar, which included (Faculty of Medicine, College of Administration and Economics, College of Education for Sciences (Humanity), College of Education for Science (Pure), College of Arts, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Engineering, College of Science, College of Science Computers and Mathematics, College of Agriculture, College of Law, College of Islamic Sciences, College of Mass Communication, College of Archeology, College of Nursing, Presidency of Dhi Qar University) a spatial sample to conduct the research in a sample size of (107) of college deans, assistant deans and heads of departments in these colleges. The study answered several questions that formed the research problem, perhaps the most prominent of which is the main question that stipulated the job performance of working individuals, and is there a role for the mediating variable represented in the individual’s well-being in strengthening this relationship? The importance of the current research emerges from the importance of its variables and from studies that emphasized the importance of verifying the relationship between those variables, in addition to the importance that these departments take into consideration with regard to the studied variables, in their quest to achieve outstanding levels of performance or desires similar to scientifically sound universities. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, which included revealing the nature of the relationship and influences between the variables of the study, the researcher adopted two sets of hypotheses, namely, the hypotheses of correlation, and the hypotheses of direct influence, and the hypotheses of indirect influence. The descriptive analytical approach to reach the objectives of the study and find answers to its questions and to test the hypotheses of the study, the researcher used many statistical methods, including the correlation coefficient (Pearson), structural equation modeling, and path analysis through statistical programs (AMOS V.26), (SPSS V 26). The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the important role that job performance plays through the role of individual well-being. The study came out with a set of recommendations that were built according to the theoretical and practical frameworks of the study
The Role of Humble Leadership Behaviors in Restricting Organizational Silence: An Investigative Study of Faculty Members’ Opinions in the College of Administration and EconomicsatTikrit University
Authors: Al-Jubouri Nisreen Abdullah Bdowey
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between humbleleadership behaviors and organizational silence of faculty members in the College of Business and Economics at Tikrit University.(145) questionnaires were givento faculty members in the College of Administration andEconomics atTikrit University, who represent the research community. (140) valid questionnaires were obtained for statistical analysis with a response rate of (96.5%) and wereanalyzed by SPSS program.The theoretical results showed that there wasa knowledge gap related to determining the nature of the relationship between humbleleadership behaviors and organizational silence. The practical results showed thatthere aretwo types of relationships between the research variables, a direct effect relationship and a direct relationship between humble leadership behaviors and organizational silence.
The dynamic structures of proteins: Short and long neurotoxins as examples
Authors: Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Miyazawa Tatsuo , Williams Robert J. P.
Published: February 2005

This review illustrates the way in which nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of proteins in solution can add dynamic structural information to our knowledge of their crystal structures. The value of the study is illustrated by an analysis of the structure and the dynamics of structure within two series of neurotoxins. The dynamics may well control the binding rates of these and other proteins to receptors.
The biliary excretion of trypsin in rats
Authors: Grant David A. W. , Fleming Simon C.
Published: February 2005

The serum half-life of bovine [3H]acetyltrypsin was estimated to be 9 rain following intravenous administration in rats. This was maintained when six successive doses of 200 μg each were given at 1-h intervals. The enzyme was removed from the circulation after complexing with α2-macroglobulin (α2-M). The amount of3H label appearing in bile increased with each successive dose and this was associated with breakdown products (<10 000 daltons) of the α2-M/[3H] acetyltrypsin. Intact α-M/[3H] acetyltrypsin was recovered from bile but represented only 0.06% of the administered dose of active enzyme.
Dental enamel matrix: Sequences of two amelogenin polypeptides
Authors: Fincham A. G. , Belcourt A. B. , Termine J. D. , Butler W. T. , Cothran W. C.
Published: February 2005

The amino acid sequences of a leucine-rich amelogenin polypeptide (LRAP) and a tyrosine-rich amelogenin polypeptide (TRAP), isolated from foetal bovine enamel matrix, were determined. Both LRAP and TRAP occurred in two forms; in each case, one of the molecular species appeared to be shortened at the COOH terminus by 2 and 4 residues, respectively. A striking finding was that LRAP and TRAP had identical sequences for the first 33 residues but were almost completely different for the remaining 12 amino acids.
Two-site assay of human α1-fetoprotein using125I-labelled monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Weeks Ian , Kemp Heather A. , Woodhead J. Stuart
Published: February 2005

Monoclonal antibodies to human α1-ietoprotein (AFP) have been compared with a conventionally produced antiserum using radioimmunoassay and two-site immunoradiometric techniques. A low-affinity antibody, which proved inadequate for use in a radioimmunoassay, gave asatisfactory dose-response Curve in a rapid two-site assay. A higher-affinity antibody yielded a simple, rapid, and sensitive two-site assay suitable for routine measurement of serum AFP.
A new model for packing of type-I collagen molecules in the native fibril
Authors: Piez Karl A. , Trus Benes L.
Published: February 2005

A specific fibril model is presented consisting of bundles of five-stranded microfibrils, which are usually disordered (except axially) but under lateral compression become ordered. The features are as follows (where D = 234 residues or 67 nm): (1) D-staggered collagen molecules 4.5 D long in the helical microfibril have a left-handed supercoil with a pitch of 400–700 residues, but microfibrils need not have helical symmetry. (2) Straight-tilted 0.5-D overlap regions on a near-hexagonal lattice contribute the discrete x-ray diffraction reflections arising from lateral order, while the gap regions remain disordered. (3) The overlap regions are equivalent, but are crystallographically distinguished by systematic displacements from the near-hexagonal lattice. (4) The unit cell is the same as in a recently proposed three-dimensional crystal model, and calculated intensities in the equatorial region of the x-ray diffraction pattern agree with observed values.