bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consolidation Radiotherapy Could Be Safely Omitted in Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma With Large Nodal Mass in Complete Metabolic Response After ABVD: Final Analysis of the Randomized GITIL/FIL HD0607 Trial
Authors: Gallamini Andrea , Rossi Andrea , Patti Caterina , Picardi Marco , Romano Alessandra , Cantonetti Maria , Oppi Sara , Viviani Simonetta , Bolis Silvia , Trentin Livio , Gini Guido , Battistini Roberta , Chauvie Stephane , Sorasio Roberto , Pavoni Chiara , Zanotti Roberta , Cimminiello Michele , Schiavotto Corrado , Viero Piera , Mulé Antonino , Fallanca Federico , Ficola Umberto , Tarella Corrado , Guerra Luca , Rambaldi Alessandro
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

To investigate the role of consolidation radiotherapy (cRT) in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) presenting at baseline with a large nodal mass (LNM) in complete metabolic response after doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Advanced-stage (IIB-IVB) HL patients, enrolled in the HD 0607 trial (Clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT00795613 ), with both a negative PET after two (PET-2) and six (PET-6) ABVD cycles, who presented at baseline with an LNM, defined as a nodal mass with the largest diameter ≥ 5 cm, were prospectively randomly assigned to receive cRT over the LNM or no further treatment (NFT).

RESULTS

Among 296 randomly assigned patients, the largest diameter of LNM at baseline was 5-7 cm in 101 (34%; subgroup A) and 8-10 cm in 96 (32%; subgroup B), whereas classic bulky (diameter > 10 cm) was detected in 99 (33%; subgroup C). Two hundred eighty patients (88%) showed a postchemotherapy RM. The median dose of cRT was 30.6 Gy (range, 24-36 Gy). After a median follow-up of 5.9 years (range, 0.5-10 years), the 6-year progression-free survival rate of patients who underwent cRT or NFT was, respectively, 91% (95% CI, 84% to 99%) and 95% (95% CI, 89% to 100%; P = .62) in subgroup A; 98% (95% CI, 93% to 100%) and 90% (95% CI, 80% to 100%; P = .24) in subgroup B; 89% (95% CI, 81% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI, 77% to 96%; P = .53) in subgroup C (classic bulky).

CONCLUSION

cRT could be safely omitted in patients with HL presenting with an LNM and a negative PET-2 and PET-6 scan, irrespective from the LNM size detected at baseline.
Longer Follow-Up Confirms Recurrence-Free Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in High-Risk Stage III Melanoma: Updated Results From the EORTC 1325-MG/KEYNOTE-054 Trial
Authors: Eggermont Alexander M. M. , Blank Christian U. , Mandala Mario , Long Georgina V. , Atkinson Victoria G. , Dalle Stéphane , Haydon Andrew M. , Meshcheryakov Andrey , Khattak Adnan , Carlino Matteo S. , Sandhu Shahneen , Larkin James , Puig Susana , Ascierto Paolo A. , Rutkowski Piotr , Schadendorf Dirk , Koornstra Rutger , Hernandez-Aya Leonel , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , van den Eertwegh Alfonsus J. M. , Grob Jean-Jacques , Gutzmer Ralf , Jamal Rahima , Lorigan Paul C. , van Akkooi Alexander C. J. , Krepler Clemens , Ibrahim Nageatte , Marreaud Sandrine , Kicinski Michal , Suciu Stefan , Robert Caroline
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

We conducted the phase III double-blind European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 1325/KEYNOTE-054 trial to evaluate pembrolizumab versus placebo in patients with resected high-risk stage III melanoma. On the basis of 351 recurrence-free survival (RFS) events at a 1.25-year median follow-up, pembrolizumab prolonged RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; P < .0001) compared with placebo. This led to the approval of pembrolizumab adjuvant treatment by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration. Here, we report an updated RFS analysis at the 3.05-year median follow-up.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 1,019 patients with complete lymph node dissection of American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (seventh edition; AJCC-7), stage IIIA (at least one lymph node metastasis > 1 mm), IIIB, or IIIC (without in-transit metastasis) cutaneous melanoma were randomly assigned to receive pembrolizumab at a flat dose of 200 mg (n = 514) or placebo (n = 505) every 3 weeks for 1 year or until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity. The two coprimary end points were RFS in the overall population and in those with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–positive tumors.

RESULTS

Pembrolizumab (190 RFS events) compared with placebo (283 RFS events) resulted in prolonged RFS in the overall population (3-year RFS rate, 63.7% v 44.1% for pembrolizumab v placebo, respectively; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.68) and in the PD-L1–positive tumor subgroup (HR, 0.57; 99% CI, 0.43 to 0.74). The impact of pembrolizumab on RFS was similar in subgroups, in particular according to AJCC-7 and AJCC-8 staging, and BRAF mutation status (HR, 0.51 [99% CI, 0.36 to 0.73] v 0.66 [99% CI, 0.46 to 0.95] for V600E/K v wild type).

CONCLUSION

In resected high-risk stage III melanoma, pembrolizumab adjuvant therapy provided a sustained and clinically meaningful improvement in RFS at 3-year median follow-up. This improvement was consistent across subgroups.
Retrograde Autologous Priming in Cardiac Surgery: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hensley Nadia B. , Gyi Richard , Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Choi Chun W. , Lawton Jennifer S. , Brown Charles H. , Frank Steve M. , Grant Michael C. , Cho Brian C.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may minimize allogeneic red cell transfusion. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the impact of RAP on perioperative allogeneic red cell transfusions in cardiac surgical patients.

METHODS:

This study involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the use of RAP in cardiac surgery involving CPB. The primary outcome was intraoperative allogeneic red cell transfusion. Secondary outcomes included whole hospital allogeneic transfusions and adverse events such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and stroke.

RESULTS:

A total of 11 RCTs (n = 1337 patients) were included, comparing RAP patients (n = 674) to control (n = 663). In addition, 10 observational studies (n = 2327) were included, comparing RAP patients (n = 1257) to control (n = 1070). Overall, RAP was associated with a significantly reduced incidence of intraoperative red cell transfusion (n = 18 studies; odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22–0.55, P < .001) compared to controls. This effect was seen among RCTs (n = 10 studies; OR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.45, P < .001) and observational studies (n = 8 studies; OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87, P = .004) in isolation. RAP was also associated with a significantly reduced incidence of whole hospital red cell transfusion (n = 5 studies; OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19–0.41, P < .001). Among the studies that reported AKI and stroke outcomes, there was no statistically significant increased odds of AKI or stroke in either RAP or control patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the pooled results of the available literature, RAP is associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative and whole hospital allogeneic red cell transfusion. Use of RAP may prevent hemodilution of cardiac surgical patients and thus, lessen transfusions. Additional high-quality prospective studies are necessary to determine the ideal priming volume necessary to confer the greatest benefit without incurring organ injury.
Poikilosis – pervasive biological variation
Authors: Vihinen Mauno
Published: September 2020

Biological systems are dynamic and display heterogeneity at all levels. Ubiquitous heterogeneity, here called for poikilosis, is an integral and important property of organisms and in molecules, systems and processes within them. Traditionally, heterogeneity in biology and experiments has been considered as unwanted noise, here poikilosis is shown to be the normal state. Acceptable variation ranges are called as lagom. Non-lagom, variations that are too extensive, have negative effects, which influence interconnected levels and once the variation is large enough cause a disease and can lead even to death. Poikilosis has numerous applications and consequences e.g. for how to design, analyze and report experiments, how to develop and apply prediction and modelling methods, and in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Poikilosis-aware new and practical definitions are provided for life, death, senescence, disease, and lagom. Poikilosis is the first new unifying theory in biology since evolution and should be considered in every scientific study.
Characterization of buccal cell DNA after exposure to azo compounds: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Handajani Juni , Tabtila Urfa , Rully Auliawati Nadia , Rohman Abdul
Published: September 2020

Background: Azo compounds, containing naphthol and diazonium salts, are synthetic dyes widely used in the batik industry. Azo compounds are considered toxic when they are exposed to human tissue. The purpose of this study was to analyze buccal cell DNA exposed to azo compounds in batik workers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 20 male subjects divided into two groups (n=10 group), namely azo-exposed and non-exposed (control group). Inclusion criteria were batik workers of the colouring division who have been exposed to azo for at least 5 years. Buccal cells were taken using cytobrush then DNA were isolated from buccal cell. DNA isolation was done by buccal DNA kit, while the purity and concentration of the DNA was determined using spectrophotometer and electrophoresis.

Results: The azo-exposed group revealed higher purity DNA than those in the control group. The purity of the DNA in the azo-exposed group and control group was 0.61±0.93 and 0.21±0.09, respectively, while the concentration of DNA was of 59.02 and 19.35 ng/UL, respectively. The ratio at 260/280 nm was 1.84-1.94 (azo-exposed) and 1.85-1.92 (control). Principal component analysis using the first principle component (PC1) and second principle component (PC2) could successfully classify subjects in the control and azo-exposed groups.

Conclusion: Characteristics of DNA could be used as an indication of exposure to azo compounds in workers of batik industries.
Bibliometric analysis of road traffic injuries research in the Gulf Cooperation Council region
Authors: Butt Farhan Muhammad , Ashiq Murtaza , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Minhas Khurram Shahid , Ajmal Khan Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Background: Despite governmental interventions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region continues to experience higher road traffic crash and fatality rates relative to Western nations. This trend suggests a potential disconnect between Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) research and the mitigation measures put in place.

Method: Here, we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RTI research in the GCC region. The Web of Science database was used to search and retrieve the relevant articles during the period of 1981-2019.

Results: The volume of RTI research increased from 2015–2019, suggesting an increased focus on traffic safety in the GCC region. Saudi Arabia had the highest RTI research productivity level (126 publications); Bahrain had the lowest (7 publications). Inconsistent with its low publication volume, Hammad Medical Corps of Qatar had the highest citation impact score of 16.33. Global collaboration for RTI research was highest between Saudi Arabia and the United States. The most prevalent publication journal for the region was Accident Analysis and Prevention. The most common keywords were “road traffic accidents” and “road traffic injuries”; terms such as “mobile phones”, “pedestrian safety”, “pedestrians”, and “distracted driving” were least common. In the five most productive GCC nations with respect to RTI research (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman), researchers tended to publish works related to road traffic safety in traffic safety-oriented journals.

Conclusions: The quantity and quality of RTI publications in GCC is insufficient to meet the increasing related public health and economic burden in the region. The trends among publication volumes, citations, and impact were inconsistent. There is a lack of research collaboration among the institutions. Most of the research related to RTI is being conducted by researchers with a medical background. Research focusing on pedestrians, cyclists and road user behavior is also inadequate.
Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: from bench to bedside and back
Authors: Bhoopalan Senthil Velan , Huang Lily Jun-shen , Weiss Mitchell J.
Published: September 2020

More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell (RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 and its receptor (EPOR) in 1989, followed by three decades of rich scientific discovery. We now know that an elaborate oxygen-sensing mechanism regulates the production of EPO, which in turn promotes the maturation and survival of erythroid progenitors. Engagement of the EPOR by EPO activates three interconnected signaling pathways that drive RBC production via diverse downstream effectors and simultaneously trigger negative feedback loops to suppress signaling activity. Together, the finely tuned mechanisms that drive endogenous EPO production and facilitate its downstream activities have evolved to maintain RBC levels in a narrow physiological range and to respond rapidly to erythropoietic stresses such as hypoxia or blood loss. Examination of these pathways has elucidated the genetics of numerous inherited and acquired disorders associated with deficient or excessive RBC production and generated valuable drugs to treat anemia, including recombinant human EPO and more recently the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which act partly by stimulating endogenous EPO synthesis. Ongoing structure–function studies of the EPOR and its essential partner, tyrosine kinase JAK2, suggest that it may be possible to generate new “designer” drugs that control selected subsets of cytokine receptor activities for therapeutic manipulation of hematopoiesis and treatment of blood cancers.
Characteristic of warfarin
Authors: Baran Marzena Teresa , Miziak Paulina , Bonio Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

In modern pharmacology, compounds of natural origin are gaining more and more recognition. One of them is warfarin, which is a compound of organic coumarin derivatives. It is used medicinally in the anticoagulant doctor. This compound was commercially introduced to the United States in the 1950s. It has been available on the Polish market since 2006. Warfarin is an antagonist of vitamin K. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K in the liver and thus blocking the synthesis of vitamin K dependent blood clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X). It is widely used by people suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as venous thrombosis and venous embolism. Adopted by patients with suspected or after a heart attack. Despite its undisputed positive effect, one should remember about the numerous side effects resulting from long-term use of warfarin. They may be due to intolerance to this compound, which causes nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions. Moreover, recent studies show that it may have a destructive effect on the liver and cause calcification of blood vessels. Keep in mind that warfarin can interact with many substances you are taking for other medical conditions. Agents that increase the effects of warfarin include antibiotics such as erythromycin, deoxicillin, commonly used drugs containing caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid and naturally derived compounds found in ginkgo, garlic and sage. Compounds that weaken the effect of warfarin are barbiturates, cyclosporine, vitamin C, and St. John's wort.
Effect of subacute poisoning with selected pyrethroids on fresh spatial memory and movement activity in mice
Authors: Konopelko Michał , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Pyrethroids are commonly used in agriculture and for indoor insect control. They act as neurotoxins mainly  via sodium channels in neurons. People can be exposed to traces of these xenobiotics dermally, with food, at home or at workplace. Three pyrethroids: cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and betacyfluthrin were chosen for modelling subacute oral poisoning in mice.The aim of the study was to assess if 7-day exposure to 0.1LD50 of each compound could impair memory and motor activity in mice.Material and methods. A total of 64 mice were divided into  8 groups of 8 animals: females controls, males controls, females receiving cypermethrin, males receiving cypermethrin, females receiving lambdacyhalothrin, males receiving lambdacyhalothrin, females receiving  betacyfluthrin, males receiving betacyfluthrin. They were given 0.1LD50 of a pyrethroid dissolved in canola oil by gavage daily for 7 days. They were tested in a Y-maze on day 1 and 7.Results. Subacute poisoning with betacyfluthrin significantly reduces locomotor activity in females on day 1  and in both genders on day 7 without effect on fresh spatial memory.Conclusion. Betacyfluthrin is the most harmful of the tested pesticides.
Gut microbiota and its impact on neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena , Dąbrowska Justyna , Bator Damian , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Over the last few decades, the interest of microbiota- gut – brain axis has increased. It is thought to have an impact on the overall health of the host. Gut microbiota and central nervous system can communicate in different ways. The connection between them is especially interesting in case of neuropsychiatric diseasesThe aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse current data of the association between gut microbiota and neuropsychitric disorders, specifically schizophrenia and bipolar disorderMaterial and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: gut microbiota, dysbiosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorderDescription of the state of knowledge: Dysregulation of microbiota is a potential factor in pathogenesis of brain disorders. Gut microbiome is thought to be an important part of not only normal brain development, but also modulation of host physiological systems. Studies show that the composition of microbiota in psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder differs from healthy individuals. Many environmental factors can change the composition of microbiota and therefore potentially contribute to the development of many disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders.Summary:  Microbiota is a potential factor contributing to the onset or modulating the course of many illnessis, including brain disorders The subject of imbalanced microbiota composition give hope for finding etiology or improving treatment of many disorders. However, it still requires more studies.
Current prospects of successful therapeutic procedures in advanced stage melanoma – the short review
Authors: Jarosz Piotr Michał , Wiśniewska Patrycja , Czyżewska Izabela
Published: September 2020

Introduction and purpose: Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with a rapid course of disease in advanced stage according to the melanoma staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Its morbidity has increased from 20th century. Intermittent sun exposure, age and skin phenotype are included into main risk factors of melanoma.  The gold standard in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is the naevus excisional biopsy associated with histopathology examination. The knowledge about immune system and melanoma biology have enabled therapeutic advantages, such as immunotherapy and molecular target therapy. Objective: To review currently available data on PubMed about current prospects of successful therapeutic procedures in advanced stage melanoma.A brief description of the state of knowledge: A systemic complementary therapy and non-specific immunotherapy are used for treatment advanced-stage-melanoma patients. Current knowledge has enabled an implementation of molecular target therapy in advanced stage melanoma. Evidence based science has yielded promising results and it has included these therapies to the clinical practice, especially molecular target therapy and immunotherapy as well. BRAF inhibitors including vemurafenib, dabrafenib and MEK inhibitors including trametinib are considered to medicaments, that have molecular mechanism of action. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab are examples of monoclonal antibodies, which are used as an immunotherapy. Conclusions: Excisional biopsy associated with histopathology have been an essential element in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Current achievements of medicine sciences have shed light on biology and pathogenesis highlighting the role of immunotherapy and molecular target treatment as well.
Mechanisms linking obesity and gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Świerczyńska Blanka , Sekuła Michał , Smoluchowski Krzysztof , Suchodolska Magdalena , Undziakiewicz Adrian
Published: September 2020

Introduction and purpose: The worldwide prevalence of obesity increased threefold between 1975 and 2016. Obesity is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancers, including the pancreas, liver, esophagus, colorectum, stomach cardia, and gallbladder. This work is an analysis of the available PubMed literature on relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal cancers and possible mechanisms linking them.Brief description of the state of knowledge: There is a number of mechanisms responsible for obesity associated gastrointestinal cancers. Excess adiposity leads to: metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammation, altered production of steroid hormones and adipokines as well as changes in insulin and IGF1 signaling. This study examines the processes leading to obesity-associated colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, which are known to be the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. In this review, the mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancerogenesis such as changes in insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, chronic inflammation associated to obesity, altered adipokine and inflammatory factors levels, are being discussed.Conclusions: Thorough understanding of the biological processes connecting obesity, metabolic health and gastrointestinal cancers may help to discover new risk factors and biomarkers, improve preventive strategies and invent ground-breaking treatment.Key words: obesity; gastrointestinal cancers; mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Evaluation of effort tolerance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Szylińska Aleksandra , Mińko Alicja , Hilicka Zuzanna , Turzyński Dominik , Udzik Jakub , Sulikowski Piotr , Grabińska Izabela , Rotter Iwona
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Complex cardiac rehabilitation is a basic procedure of therapeutic treatment for patients after cardiac surgeries. The course of operations depends on many factors. The aim of this article is to investigate connections between type 2 diabetes and results of 6-minute walk test among patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods: This research was conducted among 111 patients who had cardiac surgery. Those patients were qualified to stay at a stationary cardiac rehabilitation facility. They were divided into two groups: patients with and without diabetes. In the analysis, patients’ medical data and 6-minute walk test results before and after complex rehabilitation were taken into consideration. Results: On the basis of our analysis it was found that patients who have diabetes achieve worse results of 6-minute walk test before (OR=0.995; p=0.005) and after (OR=0.994, p=0.006) complex cardiac rehabilitation in comparison with patients without diabetes. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes has impact on physical effort tolerance among patients after cardiac surgery. Despite improvement of 6-minute walk test results thanks to complex cardiac rehabilitation, patients with type 2 diabetes walked shorter distance than patients without diabetes.
Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex
Authors: Popovych Igor , Babelyuk Valeriy , Zukow Walery , Muszkieta Radosław , Dubkova Galyna , Nesterova Liliya , Hubyts’kyi Viktor , Bilas Volodymyra , Musiyenko Vira , Seniv Teodor , Mis’ko Viktor , Babylyuk Roman , Yaremchuk Yaroslava , Barylyak Liliya , Gozhenko Anatoliy
Published: September 2020

Background. The impact of religion on the human body has been the subject of a number of studies, including ours. The proposed article is a continuation of them. Purpose of the study: to detect in the supervised observation the characteristic effects of the Liturgy on some biophysical and physiological parameters of healthy people. Materials and methods. Under a observations were 10 healthy men by age 26-56 years. In the morning in basale condicions registered parameters of Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV), electroskin conductivity of Points Acupuncture (CPA), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Leukocytogram, phagocytic function of neutrophils as well as anxiety and plasma levels of main adaptive hormones: Cortisol, Triiodothyronine and Testosterone. After testing, one volunteer went to a chapel to attend a half-hour Liturgy, and another volunteer was in the park nearby, serving as a control. After that, both participants returned to their duties, and after 1 hour all tests were repeated. Results. The characteristic effects of the Liturgy are: minimization the decrease in CPA TR(X) and G8Dg on the right, reactive anxiety, cortisolemia and one marker of vagal tone; limitation the increase in the area of the GDV in the frontal projection and the intensity of phagocytosis; initiation an increase in plasma testosterone, entropy of the leukocytogram and the proportion of rod-core neutrophils, as well as reversion the decrease in the tone of the vagus and the decrease of the energy of the virtual seventh chakra, which takes place in the control group. Conclusion. Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex in healthy men.
Size-dependent optical-electrical characteristics of blue GaN/InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tian Wenya , Li Junhui
Published: September 2020

To derive the impact of chip size reduction on optical efficiency in micro-LED array panels, blue InGaN/GaN LEDs, which consist of

21

×

7

arrays (60 ppi display) with different mesa sizes on sapphire substrates, are designed and fabricated in this study. Changing the mesa area of the chip is first proposed to investigate the luminous efficiency (cd/A) of the screen. The current efficiency with a peak wavelength of 450 nm reaches up to 14.29 cd/A for the biggest pixel

50

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m

×

60

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and to 12.25 cd/A for the

15

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25

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chip, delivering high-level efficiencies to the current LED research field. The mechanisms of size-dependent efficiency variation trends and efficiency droops of blue LEDs are investigated experimentally, confirming that the current efficiency is more efficient at high injection current density while exhibiting poorer performance at the low current density region for smaller chips. The peak efficiency corresponds to higher current density with a decrease in chip size according to the carrier recombination ABC model. Moreover, the characteristic curve of the spectrum and the changes in the yellow light band under different incident light conditions (i.e., 355 nm and 375 nm) are analyzed by photoluminescence.
Nanometer precise red blood cell sizing using a cost-effective quantitative dark field imaging system
Authors: Chen Xiaoya , Luo Peng , Hu Chuanzhen , Yan Shaojie , Lu Dapeng , Li Yaning , Chu Kaiqin , Smith Zachary J.
Published: September 2020

Because of the bulk, complexity, calibration requirements, and need for operator training, most current flow-based blood counting devices are not appropriate for field use. Standard imaging methods could be much more compact, inexpensive, and with minimal calibration requirements. However, due to the diffraction limit, imaging lacks the nanometer precision required to measure red blood cell volumes. To address this challenge, we utilize Mie scattering, which can measure nanometer-scale morphological information from cells, in a dark-field imaging geometry. The approach consists of a custom-built dark-field scattering microscope with symmetrically oblique illumination at a precisely defined angle to record wide-field images of diluted and sphered blood samples. Scattering intensities of each cell under three wavelengths are obtained by segmenting images via digital image processing. These scattering intensities are then used to determine size and hemoglobin information via Mie theory and machine learning. Validation on 90 clinical blood samples confirmed the ability to obtain mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) with high accuracy. Simulations based on historical data suggest that an instrument with the accuracy achieved in this study could be used for widespread anemia screening.
Incidence angle-dependent broadband chiral metamaterial for near-infrared light absorption
Authors: Fan Junxing , Xiao Dong , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: September 2020

The ability to spin-selectively absorb circularly polarized light plays a critical role in various photonic devices. Here we propose and investigate a broadband chiral metamaterial composed of asymmetric split-ring resonators, showing a wide spin-selective absorption band from 950 to 1200 nm with pronounced circular dichroism up to 20°. We demonstrate that the broadband absorption spectra originate from induced dual chiral resonance modes. Meanwhile, the two different resonances can be adjusted independently, suggesting great flexibility of the designed chiral absorption band for different purposes. Also, the chiral-selective absorption performance is highly dependent on the oblique incident angle due to the extrinsic chirality. The chiral resonance modes can be either enhanced or destroyed under oblique incidence. Such angle-dependent broadband chiral metamaterials may find potential applications for spin-orbit communications, chiral detection, polarimetric imaging, and biosensors.
Optical properties of neodymium ions in nanoscale regions of gallium nitride
Authors: Sato Shin-ichiro , Deki Manato , Watanabe Hirotaka , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Nishimura Tomoaki , Gibson Brant C. , Greentree Andrew D. , Amano Hiroshi , Ohshima Takeshi
Published: September 2020

Wide bandgap semiconductors are increasingly important for bioimaging applications, as they can possess good biocompatibility and host a large range of fluorescent defects spanning the visible to infrared. Gallium nitride is one promising host for photostable fluorophores. In particular, neodymium (Nd)-doped gallium nitride (GaN) shows bright near-infrared fluorescence and narrow room temperature linewidth and is therefore a candidate material for fluorescent probes for bioimaging. To explore the conditions necessary to generate biomarkers based on Nd:GaN, this paper reports the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of small ensembles of Nd ions implanted into the nanoscale regions of GaN epilayers. The minimum volume of Nd-implanted GaN that can be optically detected in this study is about 8×104 nm3 and the minimum detected ensemble of Nd ions is about 4×103, although not all of implanted Nd ions activate as luminescence centers. We show from the PL excitation spectra that the strongest resonant excitation appears at 619 nm, attributed to the 4I9/2 → 4G5/2 (4G7/2) transition in the 4f-shell. We measure the luminescence lifetime to be several tens of microseconds. We also identify the presence of a different excitation mechanism from the resonant excitation when excited below 510 nm (above 2.43 eV).
A crisis of the singers’ market? Shifting discourses on opera from vocal health to changes in the organization of work
Authors: Stauss Sebastian
Published: September 2020

In the history of opera, singing has repeatedly been associated with states of crisis – a term and concept traced back by historian Reinhart Koselleck from its origins to expanded meanings in the modern age. By adopting his findings on the medical and economic use of crisis, a delayed discourse surfaces regarding singers and singing. Concepts of crisis as choosing between alternatives, such as trust in vocal technique or medical treatment, flexibility or specialization in repertoire, have been established and maintained. However, the most recent developments make it necessary to consider the uncertainties instead of alternatives, as well as the shifting organizational and networking aspects of the opera industry, with artist managers and agents in special, triadic relations of varying order with the opera companies and the singers. Especially with the economic pressures on the opera companies increasing, the singers’ agencies are in a key position of securing engagements and career developments.
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perkembangan Kognitif Balita Umur 2-3 tahun di Wilayah Puskesmas Leyangan Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Zhamaroh Lia Anjar Nur , Suhartono Suhartono , Nugraheni Sri Achadi
Published: September 2020

Kecerdasan merupakan salah satu indikator kualitas hidup manusia, dimana kemampuan kognitif berkontribusi di dalamnya. Selain faktor genetik faktor lingkungan yaitu gizi dan stimulasi mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan kognitif balita umur 2-3 tahun di Wilayah Puskesmas Leyangan Kabupaten Semarang. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terhadap 110 responden ibu balita. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji Spearman, Mann-Whitney dan Chi-square, analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.            Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa balita yang mengalami perkembangan kognitif kurang (41,8%), stimulasi perkembangan kurang (48,2%), status gizi stunting (42,8%), tidak mengikuti PAUD (73,6%), dan lama bermain game ≥ 3 jam/hari (10%). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pendapatan keluarga (p=0,008), besar keluarga (p=0,031) dan riwayat ASI eksklusif (p=0,011) dengan perkembangan kognitif balita. Uji beda proporsi menunjukkan pendapatan keluarga, besar keluarga, riwayat ASI eksklusif, status gizi, keikutsertaan di PAUD dan stimulasi perkembangan berhubungan signifikan dengan perkembangan kognitif balita (p<0,05). Sedangkan umur Ibu, pendidikan Ibu, pekerjaan Ibu, riwayat BBLR (p>0,05), dan riwayat kelahiran prematur tidak berhubungan signifikan terhadap perkembangan kognitif balita. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan keluarga (OR=7,273), status gizi (OR=4,303),riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif (OR=9,036) dan stimulasi perkembangan (OR=8,018) berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kognitif balita.
Analisis Teori Kemampuan, Motivasi Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Perawat
Authors: Putri Devia Lydia , Hartono Budi
Published: September 2020

Performance is influenced by ability, work motivation, job satisfaction. Some explained in Rivai's theory (2005) ; Bittel, L.R and Nestrom, J.W (1991) ; Gibson (2001) ; Usman (2008), where the common problems faced by organizational leaders. The right nursing process activities have not been carried out adequately by the nurses, which has an impact on the hospital occupancy rate. The high turnover data in 2017 was 18% compared to 2016 as much as 12%. This study uses an analytical survey with a quantitative approach, using a cross sectional design, this population is 89 people, in this study researchers used the entire population to be sampled. Data analysis method Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that the variable Ability of Gibson's theory (2001) was able to explain as much as 90,8% (goodness of fit), and the remaining 9,2% could be found by indocators / variables outside the theory under study. Maslow's Work Motivation Variable (1943) is able to explain 80,1% (goodness of fit), and the remaining 19,9% can be found indicators / variables outside the theory under study. Nurse Performance Variables theory of Mondy and Noe (1990) ; Tsui, et, al. (1997) ; L. Mathis and John H. Jackson (2002) ; Simamora (2004) is able to explain 86,6% (goodness of fit), and the remaining 13,2% can be found indicators / variables outside the theory under study. Overall performance is influenced by ability and motivation, but job satisfaction has no effect. It is recommended that the hospital be carried out efforts to increase capacity, namely the ability to interact, conceptual abilities, and technical abilities, while for work motivation, namely physical, sense of security, compassion, self actualization and appreciation.
Analisis Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Kualitas Layanan Poli Gigi di Rumah Sakit Banyumanik Semarang
Authors: Pratiwi Aulia Ika , Widjanarko Bagoes , Jati Sutopo Patria
Published: September 2020

Based on the medical records of the Banyumanik Hospital, the number of visits in the Banyumanik Hospital dental clinic in 2015 was 766 patients (90%), increasing in 2016 to 781 (91%), but decreased in 2017 to 724 patients (85%) one factor the cause is the quality of service. This study aimed  to analyze the effect of quality outpatient services on patient satisfaction in dental polyclinics in hospitals. Banyumanik Semarang. This was quantitative research with cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study were 54 respondents. Research variables were 5 dimensions of service quality. The results of the study showed the dimensions of the quality of outpatient care in dental poly: Real Evidence had a poor result of 68.5, reliability had poor results of 32 respondents 59.3%, poor responsiveness 40.7%, poor guarantees 59.3%, poor empathy at 55.6%, and less patient satisfaction at 44.4%. In the results of multivariate analysis that the responsiveness variable has the highest significance of 0.039 with the value of Exp (B) 4,566. The conclusion of this study was that the dimensions of service quality namely Real Evidence, Responsiveness, and Empathy affect patient satisfaction, while the guarantee does not affect the satisfaction of outpatients in the Dental Polyclinic Hospital. Banyumanik Semarang.
Analisis Implementasi Total Quality Management (TQM) Pada Kasus Pending Klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) Di RSUD Kendal Tahun 2018
Authors: Agiwahyuanto Faik , Octaviasuni Shinta , Fajri Moh. Umar Nauful
Published: September 2020

Background: Improvements in hospitals are needed to become a going concern hospital. One strategy that can be applied is Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM seeks continuous improvement of all hospital functions. The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) has been run by the Regional Hospital General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal as of January 1st, 2014. Health financing is the most important part of implementing JKN held in hospitals by BPJS Kesehatan through submission of claims. During the implementation of JKN in Kendal General Hospital, problems were found between the difference between the visits of BPJS Health patients to hospitalizations and the Health BPJS visits claimed, thus causing pending cases of late claims. File claims that are late in submission will be included in the claim process the following month.Objective: Analyze the pending causes of the Health BPJS file based on TQM implementation.Method: This type of research uses qualitative phenomenological methods and case study research designs. The research subjects were 7 officers who were directly involved in the claim process. The research instrument is the patient claim file by paying BPJS Kesehatan. Data analysis using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) technique.Summary: Pending causes of claims from casemix manpower factors with educational background not medical records and lack of coding staff. The factor of the casemix section method is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for claiming BPJS Health. Material factors still have claims files that cannot be submitted due to inappropriate SEP numbers or often purif. Casemix machine factors (INA CBGs) already use computers and printers. The money factor for hospital income was delayed due to pending claims and claims that failed to purify.Conclusion: The process of implementing the BPJS Health claim in Dr. Hospital H. Soewondo Kendal is in accordance with the theory but there are still file claims that are pending.Suggestion: Organize education to officers intensively and standardize the time of collecting investigations and operating reports to medical records so that the files will be claimed as soon as possible and sent to BPJS.
Implementasi Manajemen Lean di Unit Farmasi Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya A. Yani
Authors: Setianto Budhi , Adriansyah Agus Aan , Asih Akas Yekti Pulih
Published: September 2020

Dampak era uncertainty ini membuat rumah sakit harus cepat dalam mengambil keputusan dan melakukan efisiensi diberbagai sumber pembiayaan. Saat ini, selisih biaya operasional dengan pendapatan di RSI Surabaya A. Yani hanya 15%-17%, sedangkan kebijakan direksi menginginkan selisih bisa mencapai 30%. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, efisiensi harus dilakukan diberbagai sumber pembiayaan, salah satunya di unit farmasi. Salah satu metode memperbaiki proses efisiensi pelayanan adalah manajemen lean. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan implementasi manaje-men lean di unit farmasi RS Islam Surabaya A. Yani. Desain peneltiian adalah studi observasional dengan pendekatan exiperimental melalui 2 tahapan. Tahap pertama dilakukan identifikasi masalah, dan tahap kedua dilakukan implementasi manajemen lean per tahap pelayanan farmasi yakni perencanaan, pengadaan dan pembelian, penyimpanan, penyiapan dan distribusi dan pengembalian. Selanjutnya menyusun hasil monitoring dan evaluasi implement-tasi manajeman lean serta mengukur secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif hasil implementasi manajeman lean per tahap pelayanan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah implementasi manajemen lean di unit farmasi RS Islam Surabaya A Yani dapat dilakukan mulai tahap perencanaan, pengadaan dan pembelian, penyimpanan, penyiapan serta distribusi dan pengem-balian. Saran yang diberikan adalah implementasi manajemen lean dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan diterapkan di unit lain serta diikuti dengan pembenahan SIMRS dalam menunjang proses efisiensi pelayanan, melakukan monitoring pelaksanaan perencanaan perbekalan, meningkatkan peran manaje-men dalam penyusunan kontrak, evaluasi kerjasama, evaluasi kepatuhan pelabelan, menghitung cost benefit peresepan elektronik, menerapkan resep elektronik, melakukan komunikasi mendalam dan terus menerus, meningkatkan peran Komite Medis dalam evaluasi dan peningkatan mutu clinical pathway serta  memberi motivasi staf dalam implementasi metode distribusi Unit Dose Dispensing
Contract Law in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Bedir Cemre
Published: September 2020

In data-driven business models, users’ personal data is collected in order to determine the preferences of consumers and to the tailor production and advertising to these preferences. In these business models, consumers do not pay a price but provide their data, such as IP numbers, locations, and email addresses to benefit from the digital service or content. Contracts facilitate interactions between these providers and users. Their transactions are regulated by contracts in which their agreement on data use and data processing are stipulated. Data is always collected and processed through a contractual relationship and in this paper, I will argue that there are problems arising from contracts involving data to which contract law applies and that contract law can map these problems and offer insights. The scope of this study will be limited to issues where data is provided as counter-performance and where data is provided in addition to a monetary payment.
Summarizing causal differences in survival curves in the presence of unmeasured confounding
Authors: Martínez-Camblor Pablo , MacKenzie Todd A. , Staiger Douglas O. , Goodney Phillip P. , O’Malley A. James
Published: September 2020

Proportional hazard Cox regression models are frequently used to analyze the impact of different factors on time-to-event outcomes. Most practitioners are familiar with and interpret research results in terms of hazard ratios. Direct differences in survival curves are, however, easier to understand for the general population of users and to visualize graphically. Analyzing the difference among the survival curves for the population at risk allows easy interpretation of the impact of a therapy over the follow-up. When the available information is obtained from observational studies, the observed results are potentially subject to a plethora of measured and unmeasured confounders. Although there are procedures to adjust survival curves for measured covariates, the case of unmeasured confounders has not yet been considered in the literature. In this article we provide a semi-parametric procedure for adjusting survival curves for measured and unmeasured confounders. The method augments our novel instrumental variable estimation method for survival time data in the presence of unmeasured confounding with a procedure for mapping estimates onto the survival probability and the expected survival time scales.
Synchronization stability on the BAM neural networks with mixed time delays
Authors: Muhammadhaji Ahmadjan , Teng Zhidong
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the general decay synchronization (GDS) for the bidirectional associative memory neural networks (BAMNNs). Compared with previous research results, both time-varying delays and distributed time delays are taken into consideration. By using Lyapunov method and using useful inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions on the GDS for BAMNNs are derived. Finally, a numerical example is also carried out to validate the practicability and feasibility of our proposed results. It is worth pointing out that the GDS may be specialized as exponential synchronization, polynomial synchronization and logarithmic synchronization. Besides, we can estimate the convergence rate of the synchronization by GDS. The obtained results in this article can be seen as the improvement and extension of the previously known works.
From Tablet to Talmud: Canonised Knowledge in Late Antiquity
Authors: Geller Markham J.
Published: September 2020

The article explores whether key features of Babylonian textual standardisation may have may have influenced basic patterns of text and commentary in the Babylonian Talmud. The paper takes the view that canonicity is a complex process involving different levels of standardising texts. On the whole, canonicity preserved major texts (like Gilgamesh, the Bible, the Hippocratic Corpus), but others considered as non-canonical (or ‘outside’) could still be used for explanatory purposes. The structure of the Babylonian Talmud (Mishnah, Gemara, Tosephta-based Beraitôt) serves as a useful model for comparison with earlier cuneiform compendia.