bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and kinetic characterization of an acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A: acetate Coenzyme A transferase from the extreme thermophile Thermosipho melanesiensis
Authors: Bing Ryan G. , Buhrman Greg K. , Ford Kathryne C. , Straub Christopher T. , Laemthong Tunyaboon , Rose Robert B. , Adams Michael W.W. , Kelly Robert M.
Published: January 2025

Family 1 Coenzyme A transferases (CtfAB) from the extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermosipho melanesiensis, has been used for in vivo acetone production up to 70°C. This enzyme has tentatively been identified as the rate-limiting step, due to its relatively low-binding affinity for acetate. However, existing kinetic and mechanistic studies on this enzyme are insufficient to evaluate this hypothesis. Here, kinetic analysis of purified recombinant T. melanesiensis CtfAB showed that it has a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism typical of Coenzyme A (CoA) transferases with Km values for acetate and acetoacetyl-CoA of 85 mM and 135 μM, respectively. Product inhibition by acetyl-CoA was competitive with respect to acetoacetyl-CoA and non-competitive with respect to acetate. Crystal structures of wild-type and mutant T. melanesiensis CtfAB were solved in the presence of acetate and in the presence or absence of acetyl-CoA. These structures led to a proposed structural basis for the competitive and non-competitive inhibition of acetyl-CoA: acetate binds independently of acetyl-CoA in an apparent low-affinity binding pocket in CtfA that is directly adjacent to a catalytic glutamate in CtfB. Similar to other CoA transferases, acetyl-CoA is bound in an apparent high-affinity binding site in CtfB with most interactions occurring between the phospho-ADP of CoA and CtfB residues far from the acetate binding pocket. This structural-based mechanism also explains the organic acid promiscuity of CtfAB. High-affinity interactions are predominantly between the conserved phospho-ADP of CoA, and the variable organic acid binding site is a low-affinity binding site with few specific interactions.
Multi-spacecraft observations of the decay phase of solar energetic particle events
Authors: Hyndman R. A. , Dalla S. , Laitinen T. , Hutchinson A. , Cohen C. M. S. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F.
Published: January 2025

Context. The parameters of solar energetic particle (SEP) event profiles such as the onset time and peak time have been researched extensively to obtain information on the acceleration and transport of SEPs. The corotation of particle-filled magnetic flux tubes with the Sun is generally thought to play a minor role in determining intensity profiles. However recent simulations have suggested that corotation affects the SEP decay phases and depends on the location of the observer with respect to the active region associated with the event.

Aims. We aim to determine whether signatures of corotation are present in observations of the decay phases of SEP events, and we study the dependence of the parameters of the decay phase on the properties of the flares and coronal mass ejections associated with the events.

Methods. We analysed multi-spacecraft observations of SEP intensity profiles from 11 events between 2020 and 2022 using data from Solar Orbiter, PSP, STEREO-A, and SOHO. We determined the decay-time constant, τ, in three energy channels; electrons ∼ 1 MeV, protons ∼ 25 MeV, and protons ∼ 60 MeV. We studied the dependence of τ on the longitudinal separation, Δϕ, between the source of the active region and the spacecraft magnetic footpoint on the Sun.

Results. Individual events show a tendency for the decay-time constant to decrease with increasing Δϕ. This agrees with test particle simulations. The magnitude of the event as measured through the intensity of the associated flare and SEP peak flux affects the measured τ values and likely is the cause of the observed large inter-event variability together with the varying solar wind and the conditions in the interplanetary magnetic field.

Conclusions. We conclude that corotation affects decay phase of an SEP event and should be included in future simulations and interpretations of these events.
The impact of interplanetary magnetic field intensity on the Martian ionosphere
Authors: Song Yihui , Li Yun , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Li Shibang
Published: January 2025

Context. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is one of the important external drivers that controls the Martian-induced magnetosphere and ionosphere. Previous studies have shown that the ion escape process is highly influenced by both the direction and intensity of the IMF. The enhanced IMF may decrease the ion escape rate by inducing a stronger magnetosphere that protects the Martian ionosphere, but the mechanisms have not been investigated thoroughly. Further studies are needed to reveal the response of ionospheric heavy ions to IMF variation as well as the underlying physical mechanism.

Aims. This study aims to investigate the influence the IMF strength has on the Martian ionosphere. We adopted a multifluid magnetohydrodynamic model in this study, which can self-consistently simulate the interaction between solar wind and Mars. By comparing different cases, we analyzed the ionospheric structure on the dayside and near nightside as well as the ion transport process. We aim to obtain a deeper understanding of how the IMF intensity variation impacts the Martian ionosphere and the escape of planetary ions.

Methods. A three-dimensional multifluid MHD model was used to simulate the interaction between the upstream solar wind and Mars. Four major species in the Martian ionosphere, H+, O2+, O+, and CO2+, are considered in the model, with the chemical reactions and particle collisions included to calculate ion distribution and ion motions. We analyzed three cases where the IMF strength was set to 1 nT, 3 nT, and 5 nT.

Results. The enhancement of the IMF produces a stronger electromagnetic field in the Martian plasma environment. Both the electric field and magnetic field intensity increase, which provides a shielding effect to the Martian ionosphere, hindering the intrusion of solar wind particles. Thus, less planetary ions are produced by the chemical reactions between the solar wind and the Martian neutral particles, leading to shrinkage of the ionospheric upper boundary. As the IMF strength increases, both the day-to-night plasma transport and the ion outflow decreases. Thus, a more depleted nightside ionosphere is formed, and the tailward ion escape may be weakened, decreasing the global ion escape rate. Moreover, the strong crustal fields in the southern hemisphere enhance the electromagnetic field on the southern dayside, which withstand the penetration of solar wind plasma more effectively, resulting in asymmetry structures in the ionosphere.
Recent results from LHCb
Authors: Boettcher Thomas
Published: January 2025

The LHCb experiment is a fully instrumented detector in the forward region at the Large Hadron Collider. LHCb’s forward acceptance and unique detector capabilities enable a broad heavy-ion physics program. LHCb has studied colliding systems from pp to PbPb, as well as fixed-target collisions with a wide variety of target species. This contribution presents recent results from the LHCb experiment.
sPHENIX Highlights: First Results from sPHENIX at RHIC
Authors: Nouicer Rachid
Published: January 2025

First results from the sPHENIX experiment on the π0 v2 and dET =dη in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV using detector commissioning data during the RHIC 2023 Run are presented. These results are shown across a large centrality range, and compared to previous PHENIX and STAR results. These measurements demonstrate the sPHENIX capabilities towards accomplishing the sPHENIX jet physics program. From the ongoing RHIC 2024 Run, p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV, a first glimpse of the measurements KS0 and Λ0 obtained by the sPHENIX Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector are shown.
Recent results from NA61/SHINE
Authors: Rybicki Andrzej
Published: January 2025

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS is a multipurpose fixed-target spectrometer for charged and neutral hadron measurements. Its research program includes studies of strong interactions as well as reference measurements for neutrino and cosmic-ray physics. A significant advantage of NA61/SHINE over collider experiments is its extended coverage of phase space available for hadron production. This includes the nearly entire forward hemisphere for charged hadrons and additionally, a large part of the backward hemisphere for specific neutrals. This paper summarizes a selected set of new results, obtained by NA61/SHINE since the last SQM conference (Busan, 2022). Particular attention is devoted to (1) the first-ever direct measurement of open charm production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS energies (2) the difference observed between charged and neutral meson production in Ar+Sc reactions, up to now not understood by existing models, and (3) the importance of baseline effects in the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.
Strangeness in Astrophysics
Authors: Tolos Laura
Published: January 2025

In this contribution the role of strangeness in astrophysics is discussed and, more precisely, strange hadronic matter in the interior of neutron stars. A special attention is payed to certain phenomena involving strange hadronic matter, such as the hyperon puzzle, kaon condensation and the thermal behaviour of hyperons in neutron star mergers.
Isospin-symmetry breaking in kaon production: The role of charge-symmetry
Authors: Giacosa Francesco
Published: January 2025

An excess of charged versus neutral kaons has been recently reported by the NA61/SHINE collaboration. Similar excesses were also present in previous experiments, even if with larger errors. Models for hadron productions in heavy ion collisions systematically underestimate the measured charge-toneutral kaon ratio. In this report, we comment on the role of charge-symmetry as a specific isospin transformation. In particular, we show that the ensemble of the initial colliding nuclei being charge-symmetric is sufficient for producing an equal number of charged and neutral kaons in the isospin-symmetry exact limit.
Measuring the system size dependence of the strangeness production with ALICE
Authors: Nepeivoda Roman
Published: January 2025

The system size dependence of strangeness production in highenergy collisions was studied using Run 2 data from the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The analysis examines the ratios of strange hadron yields to pion yields as a function of mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity ⟨dNch/dη)|η|&0.5, offering insights into the mechanisms driving strangeness enhancement across different collision systems (pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb). The yield ratios exhibit a continuous rising trend from low-multiplicity pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV to central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. Additionally, the evolution of the mean transverse momentum (⟨pT⟩) for various strange hadrons (KS0, Λ(Λ¯), Ω±, Ξ±) is analyzed, revealing that ⟨pT⟩ does not connect smoothly between different collision systems, with harder spectra observed in high-multiplicity pp collisions compared to the peripheral Pb–Pb collisions. Finally, performa plots from LHC Run 3 are presented, showcasing the purity of Ξ− and Ω− invariant mass distributions and highlighting the enhanced detector capabilities in Run 3.
Strange hadron production at high baryon density
Authors: Li Hongcan
Published: January 2025

Strange hadrons have been suggested as sensitive probes of the properties of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. At few-GeV collision energies, the formed medium is baryon-rich due to baryon stopping effect. In these proceedings, the recent results on strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 3.2, 3.5, 3.9 and 4.5 GeV with the fixed-target mode from the STAR Beam Energy Scan phase-II program are presented. The transverse momentum spectra, rapidity density distributions, excitation function and centrality dependence of strange hadrons (KS0, Λ, Ξ−) are shown. These results are compared with those from higher collision energies and physics implications are discussed by comparing to the transport model calculations.
Measurement of charged and neutral kaons in Ar+Sc collisions at the NA61/SHINE experiment
Authors: Susa Tatjana
Published: January 2025

NA61/SHINE is a large-acceptance fixed-target experiment conducted at the CERN SPS. The experiment has measured charged kaon production in 0-10% central Ar+Sc collisions at beam momenta of 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A GeV/c. In this report, we present the measurements of KS0 production and charged-to-neutral kaon ratio in 0-10% central Ar+Sc collisions at 75A GeV/c. The results are compared to the charged and neutral kaon production in other collision systems measured by NA61/SHINE, as well as to model predictions and data from other experiments.
Investigating Bottom Quark Energy Loss, Hadronization, and B Meson Nuclear Modification Factors in B+ and BS0 Decays: Insights from CMS in pp, pPb, and PbPb Collisions
Authors: Mejia Jhovanny
Published: January 2025

In this paper, using the exclusive decay channels BS0 → J/ψϕ and B+ → J/ψK+, we present two studies made by the CMS Collaboration. The first is the pT -differential cross sections of BS0 and B+ mesons in pp collisions at 5.02 TeV. By utilizing previous PbPb collision data at the same nucleon-nucleon (NN) center of mass energy, RAA factors for the B mesons are determined. The second one corresponds to the measurement of the B+ meson production cross section with respect to meson transverse momentum inclusively and, for the first time, in different charged particle multiplicity ranges. This study is conducted in proton-lead collisions at a per nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV.
The role of strangeness in heavy-quark hadronisation from small to large collision systems with ALICE
Authors: Faggin Mattia
Published: January 2025

Production measurements of strange hadrons originating from the hadronisation of charm quarks (prompt) and from beauty-hadron decays (nonprompt) offer a unique tool to study the heavy-quark hadronisation across different collision systems. This contribution discusses the final results of the ALICE Collaboration obtained by measuring strange D mesons in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions collected during the LHC Run 2. The first measurement of the production of orbitally excited charm-strange mesons in pp collisions is also reported. Additionally, the production measurements of prompt Ds+ mesons are compared to those of non-strange mesons across the different collision systems, along with the measurement of non-prompt Ds+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions. Lastly, the first studies of strange and non-strange D mesons using the large data sample of pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV harvested from the start of LHC Run 3 are presented.
Probing a new regime of ultra-dense gluonic matter using high-energy photons with the CMS experiment
Authors: Verma Pranjal
Published: January 2025

In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) involving relativistic heavy ions, the production of heavy-flavor coherent vector mesons through photon-nuclear interactions is a key focus due to its direct sensitivity to the nuclear gluon density. Experimental measurements, however, face a two-way ambiguity as the collision involves two lead ions which can act as both a photon-emitter projectile and a target. This ambiguity hinders the separation of contributions from high and low-energy photon-nucleus interactions, restricting our ability to probe the extremely small-x regime where nonlinear QCD effects are anticipated. This writeup unveils the measurement of coherent heavy quarkonium photoproduction, addressing the two-way ambiguity by employing a forward neutron tagging technique in UPC PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV. Overall these studies focus on the dominance of gluons in nuclear matter probed at higher energies.
First measurement of heavy flavour femtoscopy in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by STAR
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Priyanka
Published: January 2025

In the very beginning stages of heavy-ion collisions, hard partonic scatterings yield heavy quarks, which go through the entire Quark-Gluon Plasma medium evolution. Femtoscopic correlation is characterized as a two particle correlation at low relative momentum that depends on the size of the region from which the correlated particles are emitted and on the final-state interaction. Such correlations between identifiable charged hadrons and charmed mesons could provide insights into their interactions with the medium and charm quarks in the hadronic phase. We describe the first femtoscopic correlation measurements made by the STAR experiment between D0/D¯0 - π± pairs at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at √sNN The discussion of the physics consequences involves a comparison to theory calculations.
Measurement of D0 meson tagged jets in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 Gev
Authors: Lomicky Ondrej
Published: January 2025

In this contribution, we report the measurement of D0 meson tagged jets in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. We present the nuclear modification factor RCP as a function of the jet transverse momentum and transverse momentum fraction of the jet, carried by D0 meson along the jet axis zJet, and the radial profile of the D0 meson. These results are compared to theoretical predictions provided by a hybrid transport model. Additionally, we show the raw measurement of several generalized angularities λκα, which describe the jet substructure. These results may help distinguish between different models describing jet quenching and heavy flavor quark in-medium energy loss.
Gluon decay into heavy quark pair under a strong magnetic field
Authors: Chen Shile , Zhao Jiaxing , Zhuang Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Due to the extreme large magnetic field produced in the initial stage of non-central heavy-ion collision, the dynamical process of gluon decay into heavy quark pair will take place under an external field rather than in vacuum. Unlike in the vacuum case, where the process is forbidden by energy momentum conservation, under the external field, a process emerges considering the background energy which recovers the conservation. We calculate the gluon decay rate at leading order under a uniform magnetic field.
Energy dependence of ϕ(1020) meson production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS
Authors: Rozpłochowski Łukasz
Published: January 2025

This paper presents preliminary results from the NA61/SHINE experiment on ϕ meson production in central Ar+Sc collisions at beam momenta of 150A, 75A, and 40A GeV/c (corresponding to √sNN, and 8.8 GeV, respectively). These results include double differential distributions in rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT), as well as pT -integrated rapidity distributions and total ϕ yields. Additionally, the widths of the rapidity distributions of ϕ and ϕ/π yield ratios are compared to those from Pb+Pb and p+p reactions. Notably, this work represents the first-ever measurements of ϕ production in a mid-sized system at SPS energies.
Production of Light Nuclei in Au+Au Collisions with the STAR BES-II Program
Authors: Jin Yixuan
Published: January 2025

The yields and ratios of light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions offer a method to distinguish between the thermal and coalescence models. Ratios such as Nt × NP / Nd2 and N3He × Np / Nd2 are suggested as potential probes to investigate critical phenomena within the QCD phase diagram. The significantly larger datasets from STAR BES-II compared to BES-I, combined with enhanced detector capabilities, allow for more precise measurements. In this proceeding, we present the centrality and energy dependence of transverse momentum spectra and particle yields of (anti-)proton, (anti-)deuteron, and 3He at BES-II energies (√sNN = 7.7 — 27 GeV), as well as the light nuclei to proton yield ratios and coalescence parameters (B2 (d) and B3 (3 He)).
Spinodal decomposition in Bjorken flow
Authors: Kapusta Joseph , Singh Mayank , Welle Thomas
Published: January 2025

The QCD first-order phase transition at large baryon densities is expected to proceed by spinodal decomposition. This spinodal phase is likely to leave its signatures on the experimental observables measured in heavy-ion collision experiments. Identifying these signatures requires phenomenological models integrating surface effects resulting from the phase transition into the hydrodynamical description of the expanding quark gluon plasma. We write the equations of relativistic hydrodynamics with spinodal decomposition and solve it in on a background of Bjorken flow relevant for heavy-ion collisions.
Simulating collectivity in dense baryon matter with multiple fluids
Authors: Karpenko Iurii , Cimerman Jakub , Huovinen Pasi , Tomášik Boris
Published: January 2025

We report on construction of a modern multi-fluid approach to heavyion collisions at FAIR/BES energies (MUFFIN) and show the reproduction of basic experimental observables in Au-Au collisions in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan program. We also show the pT-differential and pT-integrated polarization of (anti-)A hyperons. In MUFFIN simulations, we observe a strong splitting between polarizations of A and anti-A. The splitting is driven purely by a finite baryon chemical potential.
Measurement of strange particle femtoscopic correlations at the CMS experiment
Authors: Pradhan Raghunath
Published: January 2025

The two particle correlations as a function of relative momenta of identified hadrons involving KS0 and Λ/ Λ¯ are measured in PbPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV with the data samples collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Such correlations are sensitive to the quantum statistics and possible final state interactions between the particles. The source radii are extracted from KS0KS0 correlations in different centrality regions and found to decrease from central to peripheral collisions. The strong interaction scattering parameters are extracted from ΛKS0 ⊕ Λ¯KS0 and ΛΛ ⊕ Λ¯Λ¯ correlations using the Lednicky- Lyuboshits model, and compared with other experimental and theoretical results.
Magnetic Field Effects on Hadron Yields and Fluctuations
Authors: Vovchenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

We explore the impact of an external magnetic field on hadron yields and fluctuations in a thermalized system within the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model using an expanded Thermal-FIST package. The magnetic field sizably enhances the final proton-to-pion (p/π) ratio due to △(1232)++ decay feeddown indicating that this ratio may serve as a potential magnetometer for freeze- out conditions. At the same time, magnetic field does not generate additional dynamical fluctuations of hadron numbers. This suggests that fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions provide limited additional information about the magnetic field beyond what is already inferred from mean multiplicities.
The NA60+ experiment at the CERN SPS
Authors: Siddhanta Sabyasachi
Published: January 2025

NA60+ is a new experiment designed to study the phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter at high baryochemical potential from 200 to 550 MeV at the CERN SPS. It is focused on precision studies of thermal dimuons, heavy quark and strangeness production in Pb–Pb collisions at center of mass energies ranging from 6 to 17 GeV. This contribution is focussing on the experimental apparatus, including the technical aspects and the R&D status, as well as the physics program and its competitiveness and complementarity to other experiments.
Directed Flow of Λ, Λ3H and Λ4H in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 3.2, 3.5, 3.9 and 4.5 GeV at RHIC
Authors: Han Junyi
Published: January 2025

Studying hyper-nuclei yields and their collectivity can shed light on their production mechanism as well as the hyperon-nucleon interactions. Heavy-ion collisions from the RHIC beam energy scan phase II (BES-II) provide an unique opportunity to understand these at high baryon densities. In these proceedings, we present a systematic study on energy dependence of the directed flow (v1) for Λ and hyper-nuclei (3ΛH and 4ΛH) from mid-central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 3.2, 3.5, 3.9 and 4.5 GeV, collected by the STAR experiment with the fixed-target mode during BES-II. The rapidity (y) dependence of the hyper-nuclei v1 is studied in mid-central collisions. The extracted v1 slopes (dv1/dy|y=0) of the hyper-nuclei are positive and decrease gradually as the collision energy increases. These hyper-nuclei results are compared to that of light-nuclei including p, d, t/3He and 4He. Finally, these results are compared with a hadronic transport model including coalescence after-burner.
Réseaux trophiques et socio-écologiques marins sous pression : étude du cumul d’impacts entre changements climatiques et développement de l’éolien en mer
Authors: Niquil Nathalie , Raoux Aurore , Thermes Maud , Fofack-Garcia Rhoda , Noguès Quentin
Published: January 2025

À l’ère de l’anthropocène, l’un des plus grands défis de la modélisation trophique appliquée au milieu marin est sa capacité à coupler les multiples effets issus à la fois du changement climatique et des activités anthropiques locales, notamment le développement de l’éolien en mer. L’enjeu majeur est de réaliser des scénarios pour caractériser le cumul d’effets sur le fonctionnement de l’ensemble du système socio-écologique de ce milieu. Si la modélisation du cumul d’impacts sur les réseaux socio-écologiques est encore peu répandue dans le contexte de l’éolien en mer, les données rapportées dans la présente revue montrent que sa pertinence n’en est pas moins avérée pour l’établissement de plans de gestion adaptés. Deux approches de modélisation sont proposées : d’une part une modélisation mathématique quantitative qui permet de simuler l’effet de deux pressions simultanées sur les propriétés du réseau trophique, et d’autre part une modélisation qualitative qui présente l’avantage de reposer sur une démarche participative pour caractériser plus finement les boucles de rétroaction entre systèmes de gouvernance et écologique. Ces méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives de modélisation de scénarios basés sur des analyses de réseaux d’interactions ont été appliquées à la fois au futur parc éolien localisé en face de Courseulles-sur-Mer (Manche-Est) et au site éolien pilote de Groix-Belle-Ile (Atlantique). La perspective de recherche ouverte par ces études met l’accent, à partir du concept de Sato-Umi, sur les scénarios de modélisation qui croisent évolution des réseaux écosystèmes et augmentation de la capacité d’action collective.
L’allélopathie : une communication chimique entre plantes
Authors: Mhamdi Oumayma , Jasinski Sophie , de Saint Germain Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Aujourd’hui, la gestion des adventices dans les systèmes agricoles repose essentiellement sur l’utilisation de pesticides de synthèse. Toutefois, le recours à ces composés est de plus en plus controversé par les agriculteurs et les consommateurs, qui pointent leurs propriétés néfastes sur la santé humaine et l’environnement. Dans ce contexte, le développement d’approches et de pratiques agroécologiques devient essentiel et l’allélopathie représente une solution prometteuse. L’allélopathie désigne le processus par lequel les plantes libèrent des composés chimiques dans l’environnement, qui modifient le développement des plantes voisines. Ce processus est décrit depuis l’antiquité mais c’est au cours du XXe siècle que les premiers mécanismes ont été décrits et qu’une définition a été fournie. Les composés allélopathiques sont principalement des métabolites spécialisés, appartenant à trois grandes classes : les composés phénoliques, les terpénoïdes et les composés azotés. Ils sont généralement spécifiques d’une famille botanique, voire d’une espèce végétale. Selon leur nature chimique et leur lieu de biosynthèse, ils sont libérés dans l’environnement par volatilisation, lessivage, exsudation ou dégradation de tissus de la plante. La synthèse de ces composés est sous l’influence de facteurs environnementaux biotiques et abiotiques. Les composés allélopathiques peuvent affecter différents processus physiologiques de la plante comme la photosynthèse, l’activité mitochondriale, la division et l’élongation cellulaires, le transport membranaire ou encore certaines activités enzymatiques. Des pratiques agricoles exploitent déjà les propriétés allélopathiques des plantes telles que la rotation des cultures, les cultures intercalaires et l’utilisation de paillage. Aujourd’hui, les travaux de recherche visent à approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires et biochimiques de l’allélopathie, en identifiant des gènes et des métabolites impliqués dans ce processus. Ces recherches ont pour objectif de développer des approches agricoles innovantes et écologiques, basées sur l’allélopathie, pour optimiser la gestion des adventices et ainsi réduire l’usage de produits chimiques, tout en préservant la biodiversité au sein des agro-écosystèmes.
Prevalence of Ishihara Test Failures in a Large Cohort of Military Conscripts
Authors: Sturm Veit , Jaggi Gregor , Todorova Margarita G. , Messerli Jürg , Zawinka Claudia , Eppenberger Leila Sara
Published: January 2025

Purpose Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a common vision disorder. It is predominantly caused by inherited photopigment abnormalities in the retina. The absolute number of cases with CVD is expected to increase worldwide with the growing population.

Methods Data from male military conscripts for the recruitment period of 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Year of recruitment, conscriptsʼ birth year, visual acuity, refractive status (spherical equivalent), and color vision status (normal Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates test yes/no) were available.

Results The dataset comprised data on a total of 355 657 male conscripts who had undergone recruitment between the years 2008 to 2017. The mean number of conscripts per year was 35 566 (MD = 35 440, SD = 1 249), reaching a minimum count of 33 998 conscripts in 2017 and a maximum of 37 594 in 2011. The mean age at recruitment was 19.7 years (MD = 19.0 y, SD = 1.1 y). Among the conscripts, 337 422 (94.9%) successfully passed the Ishihara test, while 18 235 (5.1%) were found to have CVD.

Conclusion The overall prevalence of CVD in our male cohort was 5.1%. This figure is slightly lower than that reported for a European Caucasian population.
State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Vaccine Design for Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: Ridelfi Matteo , Pierleoni Giulio , Fonseca Vittoria Zucconi Galli , Batani Giampiero , Rappuoli Rino , Sala Claudia
Published: January 2025

In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Advancements driven by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but effective prophylactic solutions for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially in light of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, we discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address this critical need, such as (a) the development of Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis process and the host–microbe interactions; (b) a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms behind mucosal immunity as the first line of defense against pathogens; (c) the identification of correlates of protection (CoPs) which, in conjunction with the Reverse Vaccinology 2.0 approach, can push a more rational and targeted design of vaccines. By focusing on these critical areas, we expect substantial progress in the development of new vaccines against respiratory bacterial pathogens, thereby enhancing global health protection in the framework of the increasingly concerning AMR emergence.
Steroidal Adducts and Andrastin-type Meroterpenoids from the Co-culture of Two Isodon Species-Associated Endophytic Fungi
Authors: Zhang Qiao-Peng , Hu Kun , Tang Jian-Wei , Su Xiao-Zheng , Li Xiao-Nian , Sun Han-Dong , Puno Pema-Tenzin
Published: January 2025

Ergopolyketides A–D, presumably biosynthesized through Diels-Alder additions between ergosterol and polyketides, along with two new andrastin-type meroterpenoids, isopenicins D and E, were isolated from the co-culture of endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. sh18 and Pestalotiopsis sp. HS30, respectively, inhabiting Isodon species. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Isopenicin D and a known compound, peniandrastin D exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines HL-60, A549, and SMMC-7721, with IC50 values ranging from 13.37 to 29.17 μM.
Embolization of a Bleeding Duodenal Arteriovenous Malformation with a Conformable Embolic Material (Obsidio): Case Report
Authors: Hering Kalei , Sutphin Patrick , Kalva Sanjeeva
Published: January 2025

We report a case of duodenal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that was successfully treated with a conformable embolic material. A 69-year-old woman presented with acute gastrointestinal bleeding with associated hemodynamic instability. Computed tomography demonstrated active bleeding from the duodenum. Endoscopy showed angioectasia in the duodenum and small bowel. Angiography revealed a simple, but actively bleeding AVM in the duodenum fed by the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a nidus, and an outflow vein that drained into the portal vein. A conformable embolic material (Obsidio) was utilized to occlude the nidus and the feeding artery, resulting in hemodynamic stability and complete occlusion of the AVM.
‘Things Fall Apart, the Centre-Right Cannot Hold’: the crises of British Conservatism since 1990
Authors: Dorey Peter
Published: January 2025

The Conservative Party’s victory in the 2019 general election was mainly due to specific short-term factors that masked the long-term problems bequeathed by decades of Thatcherite radicalism. Since the 1980s, Conservative governments, in thrall to neoliberalism and ‘the market’, have pursued a relentless unconservative assault on Britain’s civic institutions and increased anxiety, insecurity, and precarity among much of the middle-class. Far from abating following Margaret Thatcher’s resignation in November 1990, when her successor, John Major pledged to create a nation ‘at ease with itself', this article argues that Thatcherism and neoliberalism have become ever more entrenched among Conservative MPs, such that the Party today appears to be more Thatcherite than ever before, especially on economic and European issues, but also on sundry socio-cultural issues. Thus did the 2024 general election highlight the crumbling of the Conservatives’ so-called Blue Wall, with the Party’s support from the middle-class much reduced compared to the 1960s; a long-term trend of class dealignment matching the Labour Party’s loss of former working-class electoral support. This significant diminution of middle-class Conservative support has been compounded by a growing number of more socially liberal or Left-leaning, working-from-home, young professionals moving to cheaper retirement or satellite towns, and thus altering their political complexion. Moreover, tactical voting or ‘vote swapping’ are becoming more organised, aided by technology and social media. In tandem with this, the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats have unofficially or informally been engaging in local electoral pacts to maximise the anti-Conservative vote in key or marginal constituencies. The Conservatives’ electoral decline has recently been compounded by the rise of Reform UK on the authoritarian populist Right.
Paramagnetism in the Hubbard model with strong repulsion
Authors: Zaitsev R. O. , Mikhailova Yu. V.
Published: January 2025

The spin magnetic susceptibility is determined in the self-consistent field approximation. It is shown that in the case of a square lattice as well as a triangular lattice with a negative hopping integral, the system retains its paramagnetic properties for all electron concentrations n<l. In the case of a triangular lattice with a positive hopping integral, the system goes over to the ferromagnetic state for a concentration close to 0.4.
Spin dynamics of quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Eu2CuO4
Authors: Sanina V. A. , Golovenchits E. I. , Babinskiĭ A. V.
Published: January 2025

Uniform (q = 0) and well-defined spin-wave excitations of the type of spin waves with frequency ω and damping coefficient γ ≪ ω are discovered in an insulating Eu2CuO4 crystal in the microwave region in zero external magnetic field in a wide temperature range including temperatures much higher than the Néel temperature TN. It is shown that the existence of such types of excitations in the spin subsystem can be due to the effect of random Ising fields emerging in the orbital subsystem in the orbital glass state.
A closed Abrikosov vortex in a uniaxial superconductor
Authors: Yampol’skiĭ S. V.
Published: January 2025

The structure of a closed Abrikosov vortex in an unbounded anisotropic superconductor is investigated. The anisotropy of the material is described by the electron effective mass tensor m^. The expressions for the vortex magnetic field and free energy are obtained for an arbitrary tilt of the vortex filament plane relative to the anisotropy axis. The vortex shape is determined for a preferred orientation. It is shown that in an easy–plane superconductor (mamc), the vortex whose plane is parallel to the anisotropy axis c has the minimum energy.
Orbital glass state in a quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Eu2CuO4
Authors: Golovenchits E. I. , Sanina V. A. , Babinskii A. V.
Published: January 2025

The orbital glass state induced by 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnetic fluctuations with large correlation radii is studied in a quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Eu2CuO4. Along with traditional properties typical of spin glasses, such an orbital glass possesses a number of specific properties. The properties of the orbital glass associated with a self-consistent action of the spin and orbital subsystems of the crystal are considered.
Investigation of internai magnetic fields in YBa2Cu3O7–x and Bi(2212) by the NQR method
Authors: Bondar’ A. V. , Ryabchenko S. M. , Fedotov Yu. V.
Published: January 2025

Dependences of oscillations of the envelope of NQR spin echo for 63Cu nuclei on the previous magnetic history are investigated in YBa2Cu3O7–x and Bi (2212). The role of the surface barrier in the formation of the magnetic structure of HTS materials is considered in the light of the obtained results.
Low-temperature anomalies in recoil-free fraction for YBa2(Cu1–x57Fex)3O6+δ
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Lukashev D. V. , Matsievskii K. M. , Ponomarchuk V. L.
Published: January 2025

The parameters of the electric field gradient tensor at doping iron nuclei in YBa2(Cu0.9857Fe0.02)3O6.95 HTS samples are determined, and the positions occupied by doping nuclei are identified. An anomalous decrease in the ar eas of quadrupole doublets in the Mössbauer spectrum observed below the superconducting transition temperature is attributed to the formation of a new phase with a local magnetic ordering. It is assumed that the new phase is formed due to self-trapping of conduction electrons in one-dimensional chains.
Fine structure of the transverse electron focusing lines in bismuth. I. Quantum effects
Authors: Komnik Yu. F. , Andrievskii V. V. , Rozhok S. V.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the fine structure of the transverse electron focusing (EF) line in a Bi crystal is determined by diffraction of the electron flow injected into the crystal through a point contact. The ballistic transport of electrons in the EF method preserves nonuniform angular distribution of electrons undergoing diffraction on the cyclotron trajectory. This distribution is manifested in the form of additional peaks against the background of the first EF line. The position of the peaks and their shift in the magnetic field upon a change in the electron energy correspond to the results of calculations.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect for metrology
Authors: Huáng Nathaniel J. , Boland Jessica L. , Fijalkowski Kajetan M. , Gould Charles , Hesjedal Thorsten , Kazakova Olga , Kumar Susmit , Scherer Hansjörg
Published: January 2025

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in magnetic topological insulators offers great potential to revolutionize quantum electrical metrology by establishing primary resistance standards operating at zero external magnetic field and realizing a universal “quantum electrical metrology toolbox” that can perform quantum resistance, voltage, and current metrology in a single instrument. To realize such promise, significant progress is still required to address materials and metrological challenges—among which, one main challenge is to make the bulk of the topological insulator sufficiently insulating to improve the robustness of resistance quantization. In this Perspective, we present an overview of the QAHE; discuss the aspects of topological material growth and characterization; and present a path toward a QAHE resistance standard realized in magnetically doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 systems. We also present guidelines and methodologies for QAHE resistance metrology, its main limitations and challenges, as well as modern strategies to overcome them.
The interfacial trapped charge of quintuple-layers Al2O3 induced by point defect
Authors: Wang Xinli , Fu Zhentao , Liu Peng-Fei , Wang Bao-Tian , Yin Wen
Published: January 2025

For two-dimensional (2D) polar semiconductors with out-of-plane polarization, as the number of stacked layers increases, the electronic properties could change from single-layer semiconductor to multi-layer metal. The metallic characteristic manifests as the formation of 2D conductive electron and hole gas on the surfaces. In this study, we investigate the mechanism behind the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (hole gas) on the surface and interlayer directional charge transfer process of polar quintuple-layers (QLs)-Al2O3 through first-principles calculations. The accumulated polarized electric field acts as the thermodynamic driving force for directional charge transfer between QL-Al2O3 layers, involving all Al and O atoms in the charge transfer process. However, the point defects in 2QLs-Al2O3, including different effective charge, significantly influence the dynamic process of directional interlayer charge transfer. The presence of unsaturated oxygen atoms at the interface contributes to the formation of interface trapped charges in 2QLs-Al2O3.
Talbot interference of whispering gallery modes
Authors: Eriksson Matias , Stickler Benjamin A. , Fickler Robert
Published: January 2025

The Talbot self-imaging phenomenon is a fundamental interference effect that is natural to all waves with a periodic structure. We theoretically and experimentally study the Talbot effect for optical waves in the transverse angular domain using whispering-gallery modes of step-index multimode fibers, which carry a high orbital angular momentum and fulfill the required quadratic dispersion relation. By using the complex interference along the core–cladding interface of these fibers, we experimentally demonstrate that the high-order fractional Talbot effect can be used to implement 9- and 30-port beam splitters using only off-the-shelf components in a compact arrangement. In addition, we show that the beam splitters can be efficiently interfaced with single-mode fibers, such that our work not only extends the recent developments on the angular Talbot effect to widely available step-index multimode fibers but also demonstrates a powerful application as a signal multiplexer, which becomes more compact as the number of channels is increased.
Analysis of a class of two-delay fractional differential equation
Authors: Bhalekar Sachin , Dutta Pragati
Published: January 2025

The differential equations involving two discrete delays are helpful in modeling two different processes in one model. We provide the stability and bifurcation analysis in the fractional order delay differential equation Dαx(t)=ax(t)+bx(t−τ)−bx(t−2τ) in the ab-plane. Various regions of stability include stable, unstable, single stable region (SSR), and stability switch (SS). In the stable region, the system is stable for all the delay values. The region SSR has a critical value of delay that bifurcates the stable and unstable behavior. Switching of stable and unstable behaviors is observed in the SS region.
Transferable machine learning approach for predicting electronic structures of charged defects
Authors: Ma Yuxing , Yu Hongyu , Zhong Yang , Chen Shiyou , Gong Xingao , Xiang Hongjun
Published: January 2025

The study of electronic properties of charged defects plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of how defects influence conductivity, magnetism, and optical behavior in various materials. However, despite its significance, research on large-scale defective systems has been hindered by the high computational cost associated with density functional theory (DFT). In this study, we propose HamGNN-Q, an E(3) equivariant graph neural network framework capable of accurately predicting DFT Hamiltonian matrices for diverse point defects with varying charges, utilizing a unified set of network weights. By incorporating background charge features into the element representation, HamGNN-Q facilitates a direct mapping from structural characteristics and background charges to the electronic Hamiltonian matrix of charged defect systems, obviating the need for DFT calculations. We showcase the model's high precision and transferability by evaluating its performance on GaAs systems encompassing diverse charged defect configurations. Furthermore, we predicted the wave function distribution of polarons induced by defects. We analyzed the node features through principal component analysis, providing physical insights for the interpretability of the HamGNN-Q model. Our approach provides a practical solution for accelerating electronic structure calculations of neutral and charged defects and advancing the design of materials with tailored electronic properties.
Penetration of ionization wave through dielectric microhole in atmospheric pulsed discharges
Authors: Liu Zhiduan , Gu Lili , Fang Junlin , Xu Shaofeng , Guo Ying , Shi Jianjun
Published: January 2025

Microstructure-enhanced discharges are critical for achieving higher plasma electron density and energy, offering significant potential in advanced plasma applications. A two-dimensional fluid model of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge was developed in atmospheric helium with a dielectric microhole. Two distinct high-electron-density regions, the T-region and L-region, were identified, driven, respectively, by transverse and longitudinal electric fields as the ionization wave traversed the microhole. The axisymmetric T-region is approached and squeezed as the radius decreases, in which the discharge intensity and electron density are enhanced. Based on the electron reaction source item, a virtual electrode is proposed in the dielectric microhole, which segregates the T- and L-regions. The width of the virtual electrode decreases with the microhole radius, and the virtual electrode extinguishes with the discharge ignition in the lower chamber and the formation of ionization wave in the dielectric microhole. These findings offer insights into plasma behavior in microstructures for advanced applications.