bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling binder chemistry in sodium/potassium ion batteries for superior electrochemical performances
Authors: Wang Chunting , Su Long , Wang Nana , Lv Dan , Wang Dongdong , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2022

TiO2 is used as a model to illustrate the binder chemistry in ethers by polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The worse performance of PVdF is due to the defluorination reaction and the adhesion loss.
In silico design of dual-doped nitrogenated graphene (C2N) employed in electrocatalytic reduction of carbon monoxide to ethylene
Authors: Wang Honglei , Ren Guoqing , Zhao Yanliang , Sun Lanju , Sun Jikai , Yang Li , Yu Tie , Deng Weiqiao , Sun Lei
Published: January 2022

Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) to valuable multi-carbon chemicals is among the most promising methods to ensure a sustainable carbon cycle.
Research progress in O3-type phase Fe/Mn/Cu-based layered cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yalan , Wang Dong , Li Haoyu , Li Ping , Sun Yan , Liu Yang , Liu Yuxia , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: January 2022

Sodium ion batteries has great potential in energy storage system, electric vehicles, and power supply. Advantages, existing problems and corresponding modification methods of O3-type NaxMn1−y−zFeyCuzO2cathode materials was discussed in detail.
Rational design of a large Stokes shift xanthene–benzothiozolium dyad for probing cysteine in mitochondria
Authors: Cai Songtao , Liu Qiuchen , Liu Chang , He Song , Zhao Liancheng , Zeng Xianshun , Gong Jin
Published: January 2022

We provided an effective strategy to effectively improve the Stokes shift of xanthene–benzothiozolium fluorophores.
C–P bond formation of cyclophanyl-, and aryl halides via a UV-induced photo Arbuzov reaction: a versatile portal to phosphonate-grafted scaffolds
Authors: Oßwald Simon , Zippel Christoph , Hassan Zahid , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2022

UV-induced C–P bond formation of aryl halides via photo Arbuzov reaction: a versatile portal to phosphonate-grafted scaffolds.
Introduction to the special issue in honour of Prof. John Kilner’s 75th birthday
Authors: Skinner Stephen J. , Birss Viola , Rupp Jennifer , De Souza Roger A.
Published: January 2022

Stephen Skinner, Viola Birss, Jennifer Rupp and Roger De Souza introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry A special issue in honour of Prof. John Kilner’s 75th birthday.
Evaluation of a novel hook‐shaped multiband monopole antenna based on the AHP method
Authors: Zehforoosh Ayda , Zehforoosh Yashar
Published: January 2022

Here, a multi‐band microstrip‐fed antenna is presented. The compact size of the antenna is 32 × 18 mm2, which makes it attractive to mobile devices. Antenna prototype is fabricated using FR4 dielectric material with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. The radiating patch of the antenna consists of four hook‐shaped rings and truncated ground‐plane helps to achieve good impedance matching. A very compact microstrip feedline is utilized to couple electromagnetic energy to radiating patch. The measured S11 ≤ ‐10 dB of the multiband antenna is achieved at the GSM 1800 /1900 MHz, Bluetooth 2.4 GHz, WLAN 2.4/5.2 GHz and WiMAX 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz bands. The antenna's performance reveals that it operates in several bands, has a high gain, and radiates in an omnidirectional pattern. Simulated and measured results are presented to show good accommodation. In addition, to have a good view and better show the innovation presented in this article, the suggested multi‐band monopole antenna is compared to various previously presented multiband microstrip antennas using the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach which is an accurate and fair method for selecting the best candidate and is used a lot in various cases.
Suggestion of DC side passive harmonic reduction circuits for industrial applications based on a comparative study
Authors: Abdollahi Rohollah , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: January 2022

Here, the DC side passive harmonic reduction circuits (PHRCs) are compared from a technical and economic point of view. In researches on multipulse rectifiers (MPRs), the comparison is mainly based on different source and load conditions, especially accurate information on the amount of the source impedance is not available, which has a considerable impact on the performance of MPRs. Here, all source conditions such as voltage, frequency, and the source impedance, as well as the load power are set to be the same, in order to have an accurate and fair comparison among PHRCs at the DC side of MPRs. Some commonly‐used and several DC side PHRCs are compared in terms of their operation principles, kVA rating, weight and size, power losses, input current total harmonic distortion (THD), design complexity, reliability, and cost. The results of the comparisons are used to suggest and select the most suitable PHRCs for different important industrial applications.
Shallowness of circulation in hot Jupiters
Authors: Knierim H. , Batygin K. , Bitsch B.
Published: January 2022

The inflated radii of giant short-period extrasolar planets collectively indicate that the interiors of hot Jupiters are heated by some anomalous energy dissipation mechanism. Although a variety of physical processes have been proposed to explain this heating, recent statistical evidence points to the confirmation of explicit predictions of the Ohmic dissipation theory, elevating this mechanism as the most promising candidate for resolving the radius inflation problem. In this work, we present an analytic model for the dissipation rate and derive a simple scaling law that links the magnitude of energy dissipation to the thickness of the atmospheric weather layer. From this relation, we find that the penetration depth influences the Ohmic dissipation rate by an order of magnitude. We further investigate the weather layer depth of hot Jupiters from the extent of their inflation and show that, depending on the magnetic field strength, hot Jupiter radii can be maintained even if the circulation layer is relatively shallow. Additionally, we explore the evolution of zonal wind velocities with equilibrium temperature by matching our analytic model to statistically expected dissipation rates. From this analysis, we deduce that the wind speed scales approximately as 1/√(Teq−T0), where T0 is a constant that equals T0 ∼ 1000 K − 1800 K depending on planet-specific parameters (radius, mass, etc.). This work outlines inter-related constraints on the atmospheric flow and the magnetic field of hot Jupiters and provides a foundation for future work on the Ohmic heating mechanism.
Direct observation of an extended X-ray jet at z = 6.1
Authors: Ighina L. , Moretti A. , Tavecchio F. , Caccianiga A. , Belladitta S. , Dallacasa D. , Della Ceca R. , Sbarrato T. , Spingola C.
Published: January 2022

We report on the direct observation of an extended X-ray jet in the z = 6.1 radio-loud active galactic nucleus PSO J030947.49+271757.31 from a deep Chandra X-ray observation (128 ksec). This detection represents the most distant kiloparsec-scale off-nuclear emission resolved in X-rays to date. The angular distance of the emission is ∼4″ (corresponding to ∼20 kpc at z = 6.1), along the same direction of the jet observed at parsec scales in previous VLBA high-resolution radio observations. Moreover, the 0.5–7.0 keV isophotes coincide with the extended radio emission as imaged by the VLA Sky Survey at 3 GHz. The rest-frame 2–10 keV luminosity of the extended component is L2 − 10 keV = 5.9 × 1044 erg s−1, about 8% of the core: this makes it one of the most luminous jets resolved in X-rays so far. Through spectral energy distribution modelling we find that this emission can be explained by the inverse Compton interaction with the photons of the cosmic microwave background, assuming that the jet’s physical parameters are similar to those in the local Universe. At the same time, we find that the radiation produced by a putative population of high-energy electrons through the synchrotron process observed at low redshift is quenched at high redshift, hence becoming negligible.
Landslide triggered tsunami modelling: A study in Anak Krakatoa collapse
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Hafidz Abd , Syahmi Zikri Muhammad , Safira Nine , Latif Indra Tito , Supriyanto
Published: January 2022

The Anak Krakatoa volcano in Sunda Strait is a tsunami threat to the southern part of Sumatra Island and the west part of Java Island as the eruptions and landslides it generates may trigger a tsunami. As the coasts of West Java are densely populated areas, if a tsunami occurs, then the loss and casualties would be massive. Therefore, a hazard assessment in the area is necessary which includes a simulation of possible tsunami occurring in the region. We simulated the 2018 tsunami in Sunda Strait triggered by the collapse of the Anak Krakatoa flank using the landslide parameters inferred from previous studies simulating that the 2018 tsunami event. The water wave propagation in this simulation demonstrates a tsunami that travels rather fast, where the tsunami reaches the Panaitan Island in 20 minutes and has reached the mainland around 30 minutes. The simulated landslide created a water wave amplitude as high as 60 m in the nearby islands of Krakatoa Archipelago, down to less than 10 m in the mainland of Java Island. This result relatively correlates with the run-up height data measured in the field by previous studies in 2019 and 2020. The shape of the coastline also determines how the water waves affect the area, which should be an essential factor in the hazard assessment.
Improvement of geotechnical properties of clayey soil with saw dust ash stabilization
Authors: Jamaluddin Khaizal , Pahlevi Munirwan Reza
Published: January 2022

Rapid urbanization and construction are driving up the consumption of cement and aggregate used in building construction. However, the manufacture of cement and concrete boosts carbon dioxide emissions and depletes the supply of natural aggregates. As a result, alternative materials for building construction are required. A replacement material, saw dust ash (SDA), is obtained from woodfired power stations, pulp, paper mills, and other wood-burning factories. However, the SDA manufacturing sector necessitates enormous tracts of land in rural locations. As a result, some wood waste is sprinkled throughout the open land, while others are burned in incinerators, contributing to air pollution, a significant environmental issue. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of the practical usage of SDA as a substitute material in the building sector, especially for soil stabilization. The article provides an overview of SDA use in the construction sector and examines development trends such as strength and durability. The findings indicate that implementing SDA into soi the soil stabilization sector benefits both sustainability and zero-waste technology. Environmental concerns about using SDA are also discussed, as are methods for minimizing the dangerous influence on the surrounding environment for future disaster risk reduction due to soil failure.
Earthquake behavior in Sumatra territory based on time and distance between consecutive large event
Authors: Anwar Samsul
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of earthquakes with a specific magnitude (M) in the Sumatra territory based on their duration of time and the distance between two earthquakes that happen consecutively. We explore 1,641 data sets of duration and distances with a specific magnitude that were generated from 458 earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 during 2009-2017. This study revealed that the occurrence of the later (second) earthquake at any location (referred to in this paper as a recurring earthquake) with a bigger or equal magnitude as the previous one depends on duration especially for magnitude under 5.8. The comparison analyses showed that the recurring earthquake events tended to have similar average distances. However, the length of time between two earthquakes is different for lower magnitudes (under 6.0), whereas between an earthquake and a recurring earthquake with a magnitude above 6.0, the length of time tends to be similar.
Incorporating dynamics of land use and land cover changes into tsunami numerical modelling for future tsunamis in Banda Aceh
Authors: Tursina  , Syamsidik  , Kato Shigeru , Afifuddin Mochammad
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the tsunami exposure to current land use land cover (LULC) with the LULC predictions for the next 50 years, including the impact of sea-level rise (SLR) in Banda Aceh. This study began with a spatio-temporal dynamic analysis using LULC changes projection. Firstly, Markov Chain was used to simulate the changing trends in land use from 2011 to 2015. The changing trends were used to simulate land use predictions for 2015-2065 using Cellular Automata (CA). There were six main types of LULC classifications, i.e., ponds, built-up areas, mangroves, bare land, urban forests, and water areas. Furthermore, the map resulting from the land use simulation was used as the Manning Coefficients for tsunami simulation using the COMCOT model. The initial tsunami waves were generated based on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused by 9.15 Mw earthquake. As a dynamic tsunami hazard approach, a sea-level rise of 0.35 m was considered for the next 50 years. The study results show the built-up area will be affected by the tsunami, about two-thirds of the city’s built area. Growth tends to occur in the southern part of the city outside the tsunami hazard zone. But there will also be the growth of built-up areas near the coast. Although much development is observed in the southern part of the city, the coastal area also needs attention because the sea level rise factor can exacerbate the impacts of tsunamis in the future.
Development of fragility curve based on incremental dynamic analysis curve using ground motion Aceh earthquake
Authors: Irfan Zu , Abdullah  , Afifuddin Moch.
Published: January 2022

History records that Aceh has been hit by earthquakes several times, including the largest recorded, on December 26, 2004 with a magnitude of 9.3 SR. In connection with the history of disasters that have occurred, there is a need for safety and disaster preparedness. It is very important to conduct a feasibility study of the existing public buildings used in disaster preparedness for vulnerability against earthquakes. The type of building damage caused can predicted by referring to the fragility curve. This research conducted on evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings in Banda Aceh City by developing a fragility curve based on Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The existing buildings that are the main focus of this study include the Tsunami Vertical Evacuation (TVE) of Lambung, TVE Alu Deah Teungoh, TVE TDMRC, SDN 48 Banda Aceh, SMPN 11 Banda Aceh, Baiturrahim Ulee Lheu Mosque, and the Subulussalam Punge Mosque. The IDA method is applied to predict and estimate the performance of the structure using several ground motions. The resulting set of IDA curves were further analyzed to form the fragility curve. The fragility curve becomes the basis for assessing the seismic performance of building structures rationally.
Disaster education through the adaptation of the werewolf game and acehnese local wisdom
Authors: Maulana Ghazi , Hasanah Uswatun , Hanum Salwa , Urrahmi Syifa , Afzal Dzikri Teuku , Suryani Oktari Rina
Published: January 2022

Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is vulnerable to several disasters caused by natural hazards. The earthquake and tsunami in 2004 have given considerable losses to the people of Aceh and impacted people’s lives and education process. Some of the impacts include the deaths of tens of thousands of students and teachers and 1,488 schools damaged, which disrupted the education process of 150,000 students. In addition, the people of Aceh are also faced with disasters caused by non-natural hazards, namely is the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Aceh has local wisdom, such as Rumoh Aceh, patchouli, jamblang, and Nandong Smong, which has been known from ancient times across generations and has been proved by research for their benefits in disaster mitigation. This study had developed a game to introduce disaster mitigation combined with local wisdom in Aceh called Serigala Siaga Bencana (SERGANA), adopted and modified from the werewolf game. The validity test of this game involved 15 students from Dayah Darul Hikmah, who were then fostered as a team of students for disaster preparedness with knowledge, understanding, and practice of preparedness in dealing with disasters. The results showed an increase in the score from pre-test to post-test after playing the game SERGANA.
Smong means more than tsunami: The understanding of tsunami in the Indonesian context
Authors: Rahman Alfi , Sakurai Aiko , Sutton Stephen , Syahbandir Mahdi , Nofriadi Nofriadi
Published: January 2022

Smong is an indigenous knowledge related to the tsunami. The word of smong comes from the Devayan language of Simeulue and refers to the complex of earthquake/sea receding/giant wave that is typical of tsunami events in Indonesia. Now their pride in the word smong has spread to Aceh and is being adopted in their efforts to adapt to earthquake and tsunami disasters. Simeuluean people, grateful to their nation for the reconstruction after 2004 and want to grow their pride in smong to a national level. They wanted to make a gift of smong to be owned by the Indonesian people. To do this, they feel this study initiates that the word smong should be part of the narrative in Indonesian as the basis for a new understanding of the tsunami disaster by Indonesian people. Initiating the word smong in Indonesian vocabulary does not mean removing the word tsunami that now an international word. But the acceptance of smong should be a source of pride in the protection of our greatest wealth of people.
Multi-indicator building vulnerability index for assessing tsunami-induced building damages
Authors: Muhaimin Ridwan Wong Mohd , Ahmad Nordila , Syamsidik  , Suppasri Anawat , Othman Maidiana
Published: January 2022

While relatively uncommon, tsunami typically leads to extreme and devastating impacts to human lives and development at far distances. Various international bodies and academic research have highlighted the importance of understanding risk and its determinants for effective risk management. Currently available methodologies to assess tsunami risk and the effect of vulnerability towards the resulting impact present opportunities for improvement particularly in their adaptability, accuracy and generalisability for pre- and post-disaster applications, as well as across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper discusses the potential of a methodology to assess tsunami risk for buildings based on their vulnerability level, which in turn is determined through a set of vulnerability indicators. A vulnerability index equation consisting of four indicators namely building materials, number of storeys, coastal protective structures and coastal vegetation was formulated through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The index is then applied for two major yet distinctly different tsunami events for the purpose of examining potential links between hazard intensity measure, building vulnerability and recorded impacts while also establishing basis for generalisability. While certain correlations can be observed, the findings are still at preliminary stage and thus approaches to further refine the index were proposed.
Islamic psycho-immunological approaches in increasing immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Maulana Imam , Fathima Raisha , Nisa Haiyun , Suryani Oktari Rina
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health because it can increase the risk of panic, anxiety, and fear in society. New normal conditions with various limitations require people to be adaptive in order to cope with stressors that arise during the pandemic. This condition could interfere with mental health and adversely affect the body’s immunity. Stress, through the nervous system, functions to help individuals move actively. In individuals who experience stress, the sympathetic system will activate various organs of the body causing the increment of blood sugar, blood pressure, muscle activities and metabolism which can reduce the immunity of individuals. Besides that, various efforts have been made as a form of controlling the spread of infection such as the application of health protocols, the concept of Iman (Faith), Imun (Immune), Aman (Secure), and vaccination. In addition, there are other efforts done by the Islamic religious people that hold approaches in the form of beliefs and daily life rituals, namely the concept of Dua, Ikhtiar, Tawakkul, and Tawadhu in facing the COVID-19 pandemic disaster. This concept is related to the psychoneuroimmunology aspect which, if applied correctly, can have an impact in finding mental resilience.
Psychological preparedness of coastal communities in Surabaya: a preliminary finding
Authors: Palupi Listyati Setyo
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has been acknowledged as one of countries that has the largest coastline in the world after Canada and Norway. Situated between Australia plate, Pacific plate, and Eurasia plate has made the country prone to disaster. Tsunami is one of the disasters that struck coastal communities in Indonesia. Tsunami is one type of disaster that bring devastated impact economically, socially and psychologically especially for the coastal communities including for Surabaya community that live along the coast. Studies found that psychologically preparing individual to face disaster could help to reduce the psychological impact of the disaster. Therefore, identifying the psychological preparedness is pertinent to reduce the risk of disaster especially for the coastal communities in Surabaya that were prone to tsunamis and other natural hazards. The purpose of the study is to describe the psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal communities in Surabaya. The result shows that the psychological preparedness for disaster of the participants was mostly in average level. Therefore, psychological preparedness for disaster needs to be improved especially among female with age between 12-35 years old population in order to reduce the risk of psychological impact of disaster.
Quantum logical entropy: fundamentals and general properties
Authors: Tamir Boaz , De Paiva Ismael Lucas , Schwartzman-Nowik Zohar , Cohen Eliahu
Published: January 2022

Logical entropy gives a measure, in the sense of measure theory, of the distinctions of a given partition of a set, an idea that can be naturally generalized to classical probability distributions. Here, we analyze how this fundamental concept and other related definitions can be applied to the study of quantum systems with the use of quantum logical entropy. Moreover, we prove several properties of this entropy for generic density matrices that may be relevant to various areas of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Furthermore, we extend the notion of quantum logical entropy to post-selected systems.
Entropy of pure states: not all wave functions are born equal
Authors: Sunko Denis K.
Published: January 2022

Many-body Hilbert space has the algebraic structure of a finitely generated free module. All N-body wave functions in d dimensions can be generated by a finite number of N!d − 1 of generators called shapes, with symmetric-function coefficients. Physically the shapes are vacuum states, while the symmetric coefficients are bosonic excitations of these vacua. It is shown here that logical entropy can be used to distinguish fermion shapes by information content, although they are pure states whose usual quantum entropies are zero. The construction is based on the known algebraic structure of fermion shapes. It is presented for the case of N fermions in three dimensions. The background of this result is presented as an introductory review.
Quantification of electrosurgery-related critical events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy – a prospective experimental study among surgical novices
Authors: Rolinger Jens , Model Nils , Jansen Kai , Knöll Madeleine , Beyersdorffer Patrick , Kunert Wolfgang , Axt Steffen , Kirschniak Andreas , Wilhelm Peter
Published: January 2022

Uncontrolled movement of instruments in laparoscopic surgery can lead to inadvertent tissue damage, particularly when the dissecting or electrosurgical instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. The incidence and relevance of such events are currently unknown. The present work aims to identify and quantify potentially dangerous situations using the example of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Twenty-four final year medical students were prompted to each perform four consecutive LC attempts on a well-established box trainer in a surgical training environment following a standardized protocol in a porcine model. The following situation was defined as a critical event (CE): the dissecting instrument was inadvertently located outside the laparoscopic camera’s field of view. Simultaneous activation of the electrosurgical unit was defined as a highly critical event (hCE). Primary endpoint was the incidence of CEs. While performing 96 LCs, 2895 CEs were observed. Of these, 1059 (36.6%) were hCEs. The median number of CEs per LC was 20.5 (range: 1–125; IQR: 33) and the median number of hCEs per LC was 8.0 (range: 0–54, IQR: 10). Mean total operation time was 34.7 min (range: 15.6–62.5 min, IQR: 14.3 min). Our study demonstrates the significance of CEs as a potential risk factor for collateral damage during LC. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of CE in clinical practice, not just for laparoscopic cholecystectomy but also for other procedures. Systematic training of future surgeons as well as technical solutions address this safety issue.
Patientenedukation bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: January 2022

Damit Menschen mit Abhängigkeitserkrankungen den Weg aus der Sucht finden, ist es wichtig, dass sie soziale Kompetenzen trainieren, die Abstinenz erproben und für mögliche Rückfälle gerüstet sind. All das lernen sie in der von Pflegenden geleiteten Gruppentherapie am Klinikum Stuttgart.
Post-Covid Renal Mucormycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Madhumitha B. , Rajagopal Ganesh , Karunakaran N. , Mukuntharajan T.
Published: January 2022

The Pandora's box has been opened in the twenty-first century unleashing “the Coronavirus.” There has been an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with many case reports of rhino-orbito-cerebral and pulmonary mucormycosis. Diabetes mellitus, COVID, and Mucor fungus together are a dangerous trio associated with high mortality. We report a rare case of renal mucormycosis following COVID pneumonia in a 64-year-old patient with uncontrolled diabetes; with the imaging findings of left emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis, nonfunctioning left kidney, and left main renal artery and vein thrombosis. This is the first such case reported to our knowledge. A high degree of clinical suspicion with prompt recognition of imaging findings is essential to improve the chances of survival in such patients.
Can a Single Measurement of Apixaban Levels Identify Patients at Risk of Overexposure? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: de Vries Tim A.C. , Hirsh Jack , Bhagirath Vinai C. , Ginsberg Jeffrey S. , Pisters Ron , Hemels Martin E.W. , de Groot Joris R. , Eikelboom John W. , Chan Noel C.
Published: January 2022

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are frequently treated with apixaban 2.5-mg twice daily (BID) off-label, presumably to reduce the bleeding risk. However, this approach has the potential to increase the risk of ischemic stroke. If a single measurement could reliably identify patients with high drug levels, the increased stroke risk may be mitigated by confining off-label dose reduction to such patients.

Objectives This study aimed to determine whether a single high apixaban level is predictive of a similarly high level when the test is repeated in 2 months.

Methods In this prospective cohort study of clinic patients receiving apixaban 5-mg BID for AF or venous thromboembolism, peak and trough apixaban levels were measured using the STA-Liquid anti-Xa assay at baseline and 2 months. We calculated the proportions of patients with levels that remained in the upper quintile.

Results Of 100 enrolled patients, 82 came for a second visit, 55 of whom were treated with apixaban 5-mg BID. Seven (63.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.4–84.8%) and nine (81.8%, 95% CI: 52.3–94.9%) of 11 patients with a baseline trough and peak level in the upper quintile, respectively, had a subsequent level that remained within this range. Only one (9.1%, 95% CI: 1.6–37.7%) patient had a subsequent level that fell just lower than the median.

Conclusion The trough and peak levels of apixaban in patients who have a high level on a single occasion, usually remain high when the assay is repeated in 2 months. Accordingly, the finding of a high apixaban level in patients deemed to be at high risk of bleeding, allows physicians contemplating off-label use of the 2.5-mg BID dose to limit its use to selected patients who are less likely to be exposed to an increased risk of thrombosis.
The relationship between behavioural and mood responses to monetary rewards in a sample of students with and without reported pain
Authors: Tandon Tanya , Ledermann Katharina , Gupta Rashmi , Morina Naser , Wadji Dany Laure , Piccolo Mayron , Martin-Soelch Chantal
Published: January 2022

Pain impairs reward processing, and people suffering from physical pain are at high risk of having a persistently low mood. Although individuals with chronic pain have reported reduced reward responsiveness and impaired mood, it is not clear if reward responsiveness and mood are impaired in samples with sub-clinical pain scores otherwise healthy. Investigating a sub-clinical group is essential to disentangle the influence of medication on the behavioural effect of reward on mood and performance. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of reward on mood and performance in a sample of university students divided into a control group without clinically significant pain symptoms (N = 40) and the sub-clinical group with significant pain symptoms (N = 39). We used the Fribourg reward task and the pain sub-scale of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-27-plus) to assess the physical symptoms of pain. A significant positive correlation was found between average mood ratings and average monetary reward in the control group (r38 = 0.42,p = 0.008) and not significant in the sub-clinical group (r37 = 0.12,p = 0.46). The results might yield first insights into the relationship between pain and reward in sub-clinical populations without the confound of medication.
Rational expectations and differentiated information costs for heterogeneous fundamentalists in an evolutive Muthian cobweb model
Authors: Naimzada A. K. , Pireddu M.
Published: January 2022

We extend the evolutionary cobweb setting proposed in Hommes and Wagener [J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 75, 25–39 (2010)] in which the share updating mechanism is based on a comparison among the profits realized by the different kinds of agents, by assuming that the market is populated by rational producers, endowed with perfect foresight expectations about prices, in addition to biased and unbiased fundamentalists. Moreover, we suppose that agents face heterogeneous information costs, which are proportional to their rationality degree. Since we found in Naimzada and Pireddu [Econ. Lett. 186, 108513 (2020a)] that considering diversified information costs for fundamentalists shrinks the stability region of the steady state, while we discovered in Naimzada and Pireddu [J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 177, 415–432 (2020b)] that introducing rational agents enlarges it, we analyze whether one of the two aspects always prevails over the other one when they are jointly taken into account. We also investigate if the chaotic phenomena detected in Naimzada and Pireddu [J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 177, 415–432 (2020b)] emerging when enriching the original framework in Hommes and Wagener [J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 75, 25–39 (2010)] with rational agents, persist or are inhibited by the introduction of information costs for all agent types. We complete our analysis by studying the network of the relationships among the four settings obtained possibly considering information costs for biased and unbiased fundamentalists and possibly introducing rational agents.
Irregular spots on body surfaces of vertebrates induced by supercritical pitchfork bifurcations
Authors: Gao Jian , Wang Xin , Gu Changgui , Shen Chuansheng , Yang Huijie
Published: January 2022

The classical Turing mechanism containing a long-range inhibition and a short-range self-enhancement provides a type of explanation for the formation of patterns on body surfaces of some vertebrates, e.g., zebras, giraffes, and cheetahs. For other type of patterns (irregular spots) on body surfaces of some vertebrates, e.g., loaches, finless eels, and dalmatian dogs, the classical Turing mechanism no longer applies. Here, we propose a mechanism, i.e., the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, which may explain the formation of this type of irregular spots, and present a method to quantify the similarity of such patterns. We assume that, under certain conditions, the only stable state of “morphogen” loses its stability and transitions to two newly generated stable states with the influence of external noise, thus producing such ruleless piebald patterns in space. The difference between the competitiveness of these two states may affect the resulting pattern. Moreover, we propose a mathematical model based on this conjecture and obtain this type of irregular patterns by numerical simulation. Furthermore, we also study the influence of parameters in the model on pattern structures and obtain the corresponding pattern structures of some vertebrates in nature, which verifies our conjecture.
Tailoring the synaptic properties of a-IGZO memristors for artificial deep neural networks
Authors: Pereira Maria Elias , Deuermeier Jonas , Freitas Pedro , Barquinha Pedro , Zhang Weidong , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Kiazadeh Asal
Published: January 2022

Neuromorphic computation based on resistive switching devices represents a relevant hardware alternative for artificial deep neural networks. For the highest accuracies on pattern recognition tasks, an analog, linear, and symmetric synaptic weight is essential. Moreover, the resistive switching devices should be integrated with the supporting electronics, such as thin-film transistors (TFTs), to solve crosstalk issues on the crossbar arrays. Here, an a-Indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) memristor is proposed, with Mo and Ti/Mo as bottom and top contacts, with forming-free analog switching ability for an upcoming integration on crossbar arrays with a-IGZO TFTs for neuromorphic hardware systems. The development of a TFT compatible fabrication process is accomplished, which results in an a-IGZO memristor with a high stability and low cycle-to-cycle variability. The synaptic behavior through potentiation and depression tests using an identical spiking scheme is presented, and the modulation of the plasticity characteristics by applying non-identical spiking schemes is also demonstrated. The pattern recognition accuracy, using MNIST handwritten digits dataset, reveals a maximum of 91.82% accuracy, which is a promising result for crossbar implementation. The results displayed here reveal the potential of Mo/a-IGZO/Ti/Mo memristors for neuromorphic hardware.
Strong enhancement of room-temperature thermoelectric properties of Cu-doped Bi2Te2.7Se0.3
Authors: Kim Gwansik , Lee Kyungmi , Shin Hyunjun , Kim Jeongmin , Chang Joonyeon , Roh Jong Wook , Lee Wooyoung
Published: January 2022

We investigate thermoelectric properties of Cu-doped Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 fabricated using a simple doping process and spark plasma sintering. Through precise control of Cu doping, it is found that Cu atoms preferentially occupied Bi sites and then intercalated into the van der Waals gap with an increasing Cu content. Electrical transport properties of Cu-doped samples were systemically controlled using this mechanism. At the same time, thermal conductivities of the Cu-doped samples were reduced by the enhancement of point defect phonon scattering due to the Cu atoms. Compared to that of pristine samples, the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (“ZT”) of 0.98 at 323 K for the Cu-doped sample was increased by more than 92% owing to these synergetic effects. Furthermore, the shift of maximum ZT to room temperature provides advantages for enlarging the applications of thermoelectric effects at room temperature.
Flexible cylinder flow-induced vibration
Authors: Ma Leixin , Lin Ke , Fan Dixia , Wang Jiasong , Triantafyllou Michael S.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we conducted a selective review on the recent progress in physics insight and modeling of flexible cylinder flow-induced vibrations (FIVs). FIVs of circular cylinders include vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) and wake-induced vibrations (WIVs), and they have been the center of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) research in the past several decades due to the rich physics and the engineering significance. First, we summarized the new understanding of the structural response, hydrodynamics, and the impact of key structural properties for both the isolated and multiple circular cylinders. The complex FSI phenomena observed in experiments and numerical simulations are explained carefully via the analysis of the vortical wake topology. Following up with several critical future questions to address, we discussed the advancement of the artificial intelligent and machine learning (AI/ML) techniques in improving both the understanding and modeling of flexible cylinder FIVs. Though in the early stages, several AL/ML techniques have shown success, including auto-identification of key VIV features, physics-informed neural network in solving inverse problems, Gaussian process regression for automatic and adaptive VIV experiments, and multi-fidelity modeling in improving the prediction accuracy and quantifying the prediction uncertainties. These preliminary yet promising results have demonstrated both the opportunities and challenges for understanding and modeling of flexible cylinder FIVs in today's big data era.
A bottom-up perspective on photodynamics and photoprotection in light-harvesting complexes using anti-Brownian trapping
Authors: Squires Allison H. , Wang Quan , Dahlberg Peter D. , Moerner W. E.
Published: January 2022

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy allows direct, real-time observation of dynamic photophysical changes in light harvesting complexes. The Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic (ABEL) trap is one such single-molecule method with useful advantages. This approach is particularly well-suited to make detailed spectroscopic measurements of pigment–protein complexes in a solution phase because it enables extended-duration single-molecule observation by counteracting Brownian motion. This Perspective summarizes recent contributions by the authors and others that have utilized the unique capabilities of the ABEL trap to advance our understanding of phycobiliproteins and the phycobilisome complex, the primary light-harvesting apparatus of cyanobacteria. Monitoring the rich spectroscopic data from these measurements, which include brightness, fluorescence lifetime, polarization, and emission spectra, among other measurable parameters, has provided direct characterization of pigments and energy transfer pathways in the phycobilisome, spanning scales from single pigments and monomeric phycobiliproteins to higher order oligomers and protein–protein interactions of the phycobilisome complex. Importantly, new photophysical states and photodynamics were observed to modulate the flow of energy through the phycobilisome and suggest a previously unknown complexity in phycobilisome light harvesting and energy transport with a possible link to photoadaptive or photoprotective functions in cyanobacteria. Beyond deepening our collective understanding of natural light-harvesting systems, these and future discoveries may serve as inspiration for engineering improved artificial light-harvesting technologies.
Less than mm2 macrosymmetry in polarized (011)-oriented relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals reflected in the face shear properties
Authors: Lee Geon-Ju , Kim Min Chan , Lee Sang-Goo , Lee Jeongho , Je Yub , Lee Jeongmin , Seo Hee Seon , Jo Wook
Published: January 2022

The macrosymmetry of (011)-oriented nominally rhombohedral relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals poled along the [011] direction is investigated using the impedance spectroscopy method. Contrary to the common belief on the mm2 macrosymmetry, we find that the mm2 macrosymmetry significantly underestimates the electromechanical coupling of the ZXt 45°-cut transverse extension specimen by about 10%. We show that the underestimated electromechanical coupling can be corrected by assigning a lower symmetry of 2, i.e., an average monoclinic symmetry. The validity of the newly assigned macrosymmetry and the presence of non-regular phases presumably responsible for the apparent loss of mirror symmetry are confirmed by radial strain and thermally stimulated depolarization measurements, respectively.
SNP-bin linkage analysis and genome-wide association study of plant height in soybean
Authors: Wang Jiajing , Hu Bo , Huang Shanshan , Hu Xiping , Siyal Mahfishan , Yang Chang , Zhao Hengxing , Yang Tao , Li Haoran , Hou Yongqin , Liu Cuiqiao , Sun Xu , Veesar Raja Rameez , Li Wen-Xia , Ning Hailong
Published: January 2022

As the major source of edible protein and oil, the global demand for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is increasing. Plant height is closely related to yield; therefore, understanding the genetic basis of plant height will help to improve soybean plant type and increase seed yield. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and nucleotides (QTNs) for soybean plant height were detected by linkage analysis and association analysis. A high-density map containing 2225 bin markers was constructed by using 108 342 SNPs of a recombinant inbred line population (named RIL3613) of 120 lines for linkage analysis. In total, 39 QTLs were detected, including 16 QTLs that were repeatedly detected in multiple environments. Association analysis was performed by using 63 306 SNPs from a germplasm population of 455 natural soybean accessions. In total, 62 QTNs were detected, and 26 QTNs were repeatedly detected by multiple methods. Fourteen QTNs were distributed in the intervals of six multiple-environment QTLs by comparing the results of association analysis and linkage analysis. With pathway analysis, six candidate genes were identified as being associated with plant height. These results contribute to analysis of the genetic basis of plant height and will promote marker-assisted selection for breeding ideal plant shape.
Evaluation of the DNDCv.CAN model for simulating greenhouse gas emissions under crop rotations that include winter cover crops
Authors: Singh Jasdeep , Kumar Sandeep
Published: January 2022

Context Process-based modelling studies can help inform conservation practices for mitigating soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes. Aims We evaluated the ability of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to predict field-measured soil surface CO2 and N2O emissions in crop rotations managed with cover crop (CC) and without cover crop (NC) under the 27-year no-till field experiment in South Dakota, USA. Methods Emissions were measured in a 2-year corn–soybean and a 4-year corn–soybean–oat–winter wheat rotation. The model was calibrated with 2-year NC treatment and evaluated against three treatments (2-year CC, 4-year NC and 4-year CC) during the growing season of corn (2017) and soybean (2018). Key results Across all treatments, the model simulated soil temperature (MBE, −0.73–0.29°C; RMSE, 1.47–4.03°C; NSE, 0.54–0.90; d, 0.89–0.98; R2, 0.64–0.93) and moisture [water-filled porosity (wfps)] (MBE, 0.03–0.06 wfps; RMSE, 0.09–40.13 wfps; NSE, −0.24–0.49; d, 0.78–0.87; R2, 0.45–0.69) that agreed well with field measurements. Predicted daily soil CO2 fluxes (kg C ha−1) provided ‘good’ agreement with MBE (range −0.58−4.67), RMSE (range 2.10−7.36), d (range 0.68–0.93), NSE (range −0.92–0.79), and R2 (range 0.49–0.85). Statistics showed ‘poor’ agreement between the simulated and measured daily N2O emissions because peak emissions events in the measured data were less than predicted. Cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions and crop yields were well estimated by the model. Conclusions DNDCv.CAN simulated the impacts of diverse crop rotations and cover crops on soil moisture, temperature and greenhouse gas emissions in the humid south-east of USA. Implications Nitrogen transformation routines and effect of rainfall interception on soil water content need further investigation to address the variations in daily N2O emissions.
Mutant libraries reveal negative design shielding proteins from supramolecular self-assembly and relocalization in cells
Authors: Garcia Seisdedos Hector , Levin Tal , Shapira Gal , Freud Saskia , Levy Emmanuel D.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Genetic mutations fuel organismal evolution but can also cause disease. As proteins are the cell’s workhorses, the ways in which mutations can disrupt their structure, stability, function, and interactions have been studied extensively. However, proteins evolve and function in a cellular context, and our ability to relate changes in protein sequence to cell-level phenotypes remains limited. In particular, the molecular mechanism underlying most disease-associated mutations is unknown. Here, we show that mutations changing a protein’s surface chemistry can dramatically impact its supramolecular self-assembly and localization in the cell. These results highlight the complex nature of genotype–phenotype relationships with a simple system.
Multiple spillovers from humans and onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer
Authors: Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Surendran-Nair Meera , Ruden Rachel M. , Yon Michele , Nissly Ruth H. , Vandegrift Kurt J. , Nelli Rahul K. , Li Lingling , Jayarao Bhushan M. , Maranas Costas D. , Levine Nicole , Willgert Katriina , Conlan Andrew J. K. , Olsen Randall J. , Davis James J. , Musser James M. , Hudson Peter J. , Kapur Vivek
Published: January 2022

Significance

The results provide strong evidence of extensive SARS-CoV-2 infection of white-tailed deer, a free-living wild animal species with widespread distribution across North, Central, and South America. The analysis shows infection of deer resulted from multiple spillovers from humans, followed by efficient deer-to-deer transmission. The discovery of widespread infection of white-tailed deer indicates their establishment as potential reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, a finding with important implications for the ecology, long-term persistence, and evolution of the virus, including the potential for spillback to humans.