bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of mixing between parallel year groups on genomic prediction in Atlantic salmon breeding programmes under random selection
Authors: Kokkinias Panagiotis , Hamilton Alastair , Houston Ross , Haley Chris , Pong-Wong Ricardo , Navarro Pau
Published: December 2022

A commercial breeding programme in Atlantic salmon utilises a four-year generation interval with four parallel breeding populations. In this study, we develop a computer simulation of a salmon breeding programme and explore the impact of gene flow between the parallel year groups on the accuracy of genomic prediction within and between breeding lines. We simulated four parallel lines for 10 discrete generations with random selection and different mixing rates between parallel year groups. The genetic distance between fish (as a measure of diversity) and the accuracy of estimated genomic breeding values were used as criteria of comparison. With no mixing the genetic distance increased between populations, the genetic variation within populations decreased and there was no increase in accuracy when combining data across populations. Even a low percentage of mixing decreased the genetic distance between populations and increased the genetic variation within populations. The higher the percentage of mixing the faster the lines became more similar. The accuracy of prediction climbed as the percentage of mixing increased. The increase in accuracy from the combined evaluation approach compared to the within evaluation approach was greater with an increased percentage of mixing. In conclusion, if there is no gene flow between populations the lines drift apart and there is no value in combining information across populations for genomic breeding value prediction. Only a low amount of mixing between lines brings the lines closer together and facilitates the use of information across lines to improve breeding value prediction. Optimising gene flow between lines should be an integral part of salmon breeding programme design.
Development and validation of MedDRA Tagger: a tool for extraction and structuring medical information from clinical notes
Authors: Humbert-Droz Marie , Corley Jessica , Tamang Suzanne , Gevaert Olivier
Published: December 2022

Rapid and automated extraction of clinical information from patients’ notes is a desirable though difficult task. Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning have great potential to automate and accelerate such applications, but developing such models can require a large amount of labeled clinical text, which can be a slow and laborious process. To address this gap, we propose the MedDRA tagger, a fast annotation tool that makes use of industrial level libraries such as spaCy, biomedical ontologies and weak supervision to annotate and extract clinical concepts at scale. The tool can be used to annotate clinical text and obtain labels for training machine learning models and further refine the clinical concept extraction performance, or to extract clinical concepts for observational study purposes. To demonstrate the usability and versatility of our tool, we present three different use cases: we use the tagger to determine patients with a primary brain cancer diagnosis, we show evidence of rising mental health symptoms at the population level and our last use case shows the evolution of COVID-19 symptomatology throughout three waves between February 2020 and October 2021. The validation of our tool showed good performance on both specific annotations from our development set (F1 score 0.81) and open source annotated data set (F1 score 0.79). We successfully demonstrate the versatility of our pipeline with three different use cases. Finally, we note that the modular nature of our tool allows for a straightforward adaptation to another biomedical ontology. We also show that our tool is independent of EHR system, and as such generalizable.
Jade Sdn Bhd: should it acquire Tulip Garden Hotel?
Authors: Derashid Chek , Abdullah Zarifah , Ahmad Halimah@Nasibah , Saad Natrah , Ahmad Ayoib Che , Muralidhara G.V.
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes

▪ Perform relevant analysis (financial and non-financial) related to investment decision-making.

▪ Make decision based on the analysis.

Case overview/synopsis

Jade Sdn. Bhd. (JADE), since its establishment, has been mainly involved in providing services in facility management and cleaning services. Apart from these main services, JADE was also involved in hospitality management, travel and tours, and agribusiness. The current involvements were already varied, and the Board was thinking of furthering the diversification activity to generate more revenues. As the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of JADE, Ahmad was required to conduct the necessary analysis and provide his recommendation to the Board whether JADE should proceed with the purchase of Tulip Garden Hotel (TULIP). He had one month to act before proposing his recommendation to the Board.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate and Postgraduate

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Modi Mangoes: managing an uncertain future
Authors: Pandey Peeyush , Ashvinbhai Patel Jinil , Singh Yushmita , Mittal Tania , Goel Ishank , Mehta Bharat Kumar , Tapas Sayali
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes

The case primarily focused on a real-life problem and shows that existing operations management tools can be used to solve a complex problem. Through this case, the participants will learn the application of the factor loading method and aggregate planning.

Case overview/synopsis

This case revolves around the Modi Agro Pvt. Ltd, a mango procurement and distribution business established in 1994 by Mr Dhanush Modi in Mumbai, India. Mr Mahendra Modi, son of the company owner, observed that the different seasons of cultivation and varied customer demands lead to changing workforce requirements during the procurement process. In addition, the production quality, variety, available resources, procurement location and cost play a significant role in establishing a long-term relationship with the customers. This case highlights the problem faced by Mahendra in determining an appropriate location among all available options for mango procurement and the optimal workforce for each month to meet the varying customers’ demands.

Complexity academic level

The case can be used as teaching material for participants of the course Service Operations Management, Operations Management, Decision Analysis and Quantitative Techniques

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and logistics.
Age-Related Model for Estimating the Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Transmissibility of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Tan Jianbin , Shen Ye , Ge Yang , Martinez Leonardo , Huang Hui
Published: December 2022

Estimation of age-dependent transmissibility of COVID-19 patients is critical for effective policymaking. Although the transmissibility of symptomatic cases has been extensively studied, asymptomatic infection is understudied due to limited data. Using a dataset with reliably distinguished symptomatic and asymptomatic statuses of COVID-19 cases, we propose an ordinary differential equation model that considers age-dependent transmissibility in transmission dynamics. Under a Bayesian framework, multi-source information is synthesized in our model for identifying transmissibility. A shrinkage prior among age groups is also adopted to improve the estimation behavior of transmissibility from age-structured data. The added values of accounting for age-dependent transmissibility are further evaluated through simulation studies. In real-data analysis, we compare our approach with two basic models using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and its extension. We find that the proposed model is more flexible for our epidemic data. Our results also suggest that the transmissibility of asymptomatic infections is significantly lower (on average, 76.45% with a credible interval (27.38%, 88.65%)) than that of symptomatic cases. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, the transmissibility mainly increases with age. Patients older than 30 years are more likely to develop symptoms with higher transmissibility. We also find that the transmission burden of asymptomatic cases is lower than that of symptomatic patients.
The functional trait distinctiveness of plant species is scale dependent
Authors: Gaüzère Pierre , Blonder Benjamin , Denelle Pierre , Fournier Bertrand , Grenié Matthias , Delalandre Léo , Münkemüller Tamara , Munoz Francois , Violle Cyrille , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: December 2022

Beyond the local abundance of species, their functional trait distinctiveness is now recognized as a key driver of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Yet, since the functional distinctiveness of a species is always relative to a given species pool, a species distinct at regional scale might not necessarily be distinct at local or community scale, and reciprocally. To assess the importance of scale (i.e. the definition of a species pool) when quantifying the functional distinctiveness of species, and how it might distort the ecological conclusions derived from it, we quantified trait distinctiveness of 1350 plant species at regional, local and community scales over ca 88 000 grassland plots in France. We measured differences in functional distinctiveness of species between regional (mainland France), local (10 × 10 km cell) and community (10 × 10 m plot) scale, and tested the influence of environmental predictors (climate and nitrogen input) and contexts (environmental distinctiveness, frequency and heterogeneity) on these variations. In line with theoretical expectations, we found large variation in functional distinctiveness (in particular between regional and community scales) for many species, with a general tendency of lower distinctiveness at smaller scales. We also showed that nitrogen input – a key aspect of high land use intensity – and environmental frequency partly explained the differences between local and regional scale only. These results suggest the role played by environmental filtering on species distinctiveness at local scale, but the determinant of distinctiveness variations at community scale still need to be elucidated. Our study provides robust empirical evidence that measures of ecological originality are strongly scale‐dependent. We urge ecologists to carefully consider the scale at which they measure distinctiveness, as ignoring scale dependencies could lead to biased (or even entirely wrong) conclusions when not considered at the scale of interest for the respective research question.
A new red alga preserved with possible reproductive bodies from the 518‐million‐year‐old Qingjiang biota
Authors: Li Rui‐Yun , Cui Lin‐Hao , Fu Dong‐Jing , Zhang Xing‐Liang
Published: December 2022

Macroalgae have been a key ecological component of marine ecosystems since the Proterozoic period and are common fossil forms in Cambrian Burgess Shale‐type Lagerstätten. However, in most cases, it is difficult to place these early fossil algae into modern groups because little distinctive morphology is preserved. Here, we describe a new form of macroalgae, Qingjiangthallus cystocarpium gen. & sp. nov., from the Qingjiang biota of South China. The new taxon is represented by 546 specimens remarkably preserved with characteristics that allow a phylogenetic placement into crown groups of red algae. Centimeter‐sized thalli resemble members of the extant Rhodymeniophycidae (a subclass of the class Florideophyceae), and hence suggest a florideophycean affinity, which indicates that ahnfeltiophycidaen and rhodymeniophycidaen algae may have diverged at least 518 Ma, accordant with estimations of molecular studies. The presence of possible cystocarps on Qingjiangthallus thalli suggests that evolutionary innovation of a triphasic life cycle in red algae may have occurred no later than the Early Cambrian. The branching patterns and branch width of Qingjiangthallus are consistent with the coarsely dichotomously branched morphogroup, which was previously present in the Ediacaran, Ordovician, and afterward, but absent in the Cambrian.
Performance Evaluation of Five Rapid At-Home COVID-19 Antigen Tests against the Omicron Variant
Authors: Sugiharto Victor A. , Gatrell Stephanie K. , Chen Hua-Wei , Blazek Gabrielle R. , Cherry Amanda M. , Schilling Megan
Published: December 2022

The emergence of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is due to mutations as part of the virus evolution process. These mutations might affect the sensitivity of diagnostic tests that are currently being used to detect the virus.
Deposition of Iodine-125 on Silver Supports of Microsources for Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy
Authors: Shapovalov V. V. , Artamonov S. A. , Eldashev N. V. , Kutin A. Yu. , Nerozin N. A. , Podsoblyaev D. A. , Samsonov M. D. , Togaeva N. R. , Tkachev S. V.
Published: December 2022

A method of iodine-125 deposition on a surface of microsource silver supports for brachytherapy of prostate cancer was reported, which includes preparing the support surface by sequentially treating them with nitric acid and thiourea solutions, followed by chlorination of the support surface with a chlorinating agent to form silver chloride on the support surface, and substitution of chlorine atoms for 125I atoms by placing supports containin silver chloride on the surface in a solution with 125I ions to create a 125I layer on the support surface. The method described allows fixing 125I on supports with a low activity distribution on each activity-carrying support.
On the sensitivity of the D parameter to new physics
Authors: Falkowski Adam , Rodríguez-Sánchez Antonio
Published: December 2022

Measurements of angular correlations in nuclear beta decay are important tests of the Standard Model (SM). Among those, the so-calledDcorrelation parameter occupies a particular place because it is odd under time reversal, and because the experimental sensitivity is at the$$10^{-4}$$10-4level, with plans of further improvement in the near future. Using effective field theory (EFT) techniques, we reassess its potential to discover or constrain new physics beyond the SM. We provide a comprehensive classification of CP-violating EFT scenarios which generate a shift of theDparameter away from the SM prediction. We show that, in each scenario, a shift larger than$$10^{-5}$$10-5is in serious tension with the existing experimental data, where bounds coming from electric dipole moments and LHC observables play a decisive role. The tension can only be avoided by fine tuning of the parameters in the UV completion of the EFT. We illustrate this using examples of leptoquark UV completions. Finally, we comment on the possibility to probe CP-conserving new physics via theDparameter.
Unstable manifolds for rough evolution equations
Authors: Ma Hongyan , Gao Hongjun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we consider a class of rough nonlinear evolution equations driven by infinite-dimensional [Formula: see text]-Hölder rough paths with [Formula: see text]. First, we give a proper integral with respect to infinite-dimensional [Formula: see text]-Hölder rough paths by using rough paths theory. Second, we obtain the global in time solution and random dynamical system of rough evolution equation. Finally, we derive the existence of local unstable manifolds for rough evolution equations by a properly discretized Lyapunov–Perron method.
Periodic Behaviors of a Linear Fourth-Order Difference Solution to the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony-Type Equation with Time-Periodic Boundaries
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Cheng Hong
Published: December 2022

The periodic behaviors of a linear fourth-order difference solution to the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM)-type equation with time-periodic boundaries are analyzed in this paper. Firstly, we employ a variable transformation to change the original BBM-type equation with time-periodic boundaries into a new BBM-type equation with zero boundaries. We then construct a fourth-order linear finite difference method to discrete the new BBM-type equation. The solvability, convergence, stability and accuracy of the approximating solution are discussed. The computation procedure of the present method is given in detail. Numerical results show that the proposed difference method is reliable and efficient for time-periodic simulation.
Inferencing on Edge Devices: A Time- and Space-aware Co-scheduling Approach
Authors: Pereira Danny , Ghose Anirban , Ghosh Sumana , Dey Soumyajit
Published: December 2022

Neural Network (NN)-based real-time inferencing tasks are often co-scheduled on GPGPU-style edge platforms. Existing works advocate using different NN parameters for the same detection task in different environments. However, realizing such approaches remains challenging, given accelerator devices’ limited on-chip memory capacity. As a solution, we propose a multi-pass, time- and space-aware scheduling infrastructure for embedded platforms with GPU accelerators. The framework manages the residency of NN parameters in the limited on-chip memory while simultaneously dispatching relevant compute operations. The mapping decisions for memory operations and compute operations to the underlying resources of the platform are first determined in an offline manner. For this, we proposed a constraint solver-assisted scheduler that optimizes for schedule makespan. This is followed by memory optimization passes, which take the memory budget into account and accordingly adjust the start times of memory and compute operations. Our approach reports a 74%–90% savings in peak memory utilization with 0%–33% deadline misses for schedules that suffer miss percentage in ranges of 25%–100% when run using existing methods.
Design, Simulation and Implementation of LNA at 2.4 GHz
Authors: Arslan Muhammad
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the design and analysis of a single stage low noise amplifier (LNA). The LNA is designed at a center frequency of 2.4GHz with bandwidth of 200MHz having gain greater than 10.5dB and noise figure less than 3dB. In order to achieve an accurate LNA design, one of the effective methods is to design and simulate with ADS software. We design a low noise amplifier and simulate its key parameters such as stability, input and output matching networks and gain of the amplifier.
Physicochemical properties of abnormal blood acid-base buffering
Authors: Wolf Matthew B.
Published: December 2022

This study represents the most up-to-date, physicochemical, multi-compartment computer model of the processes involved in determining the acid-base buffering state of blood. Previous models lack this capability, notably by being single compartment and/or lacking electroneutrality and osmotic constraints. Model results, analyzed from a different perspective of dependent [H+] changes resulting from independent Pco2 changes, provide a new set of Pco2-independent parameters, characteristic of blood buffering properties.
Evidence for a sigmoidal flow-to-valve opening relation in low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Buffle Eric , Papadis Athanasios , Seiler Christian , de Marchi Stefano F.
Published: December 2022

The relation between transaortic flow (Q) and aortic valve opening area (AVA) shows a saturation when three different stress maneuvers are used to increase Q as much as possible. This has implications for the assessment of aortic stenosis severity.
Exercise and mitochondrial remodeling to prevent age-related neurodegeneration
Authors: O’Reilly Colleen L. , Miller Benjamin F. , Lewis Tommy L.
Published: December 2022

Healthy brain activity requires precise ion and energy management creating a strong reliance on mitochondrial function. Age-related neurodegeneration leads to a decline in mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress, with associated declines in mitochondrial mass, respiration capacity, and respiration efficiency. The interdependent processes of mitochondrial protein turnover and mitochondrial dynamics, known together as mitochondrial remodeling, play essential roles in mitochondrial health and therefore brain function. This mini-review describes the role of mitochondria in neurodegeneration and brain health, current practices for assessing both aspects of mitochondrial remodeling, and how exercise mitigates the adverse effects of aging in the brain. Exercise training elicits functional adaptations to improve brain health, and current literature strongly suggests that mitochondrial remodeling plays a vital role in these positive adaptations. Despite substantial implications that the two aspects of mitochondrial remodeling are interdependent, very few investigations have simultaneously measured mitochondrial dynamics and protein synthesis. An improved understanding of the partnership between mitochondrial protein turnover and mitochondrial dynamics will provide a better understanding of their role in both brain health and disease, as well as how they induce protection following exercise.
Bone Marrow Infiltration in Rosai–Dorfman Disease
Authors: Rahali Fatima Zahra , Taher Fatima , Nassih Houda , Sayagh Sanae
Published: December 2022

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and benign nonLangerhans cell histiocytosis. RDD commonly affects children and young adults typically presenting with massive, painless, and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Extranodal involvement is present in about 40% of cases, and bone marrow infiltration is rare and unusual. RDD prognosis is usually good, however, involvement of bone marrow is associated with poor prognosis. We report a case of RDD with bone marrow involvement occurring in a 5-year-old female. She was admitted for asthenia, gingival bleeding, and diffuse bone pain without fever. Physical examination showed pallor, petechiae over the abdomen, painless and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and several bony nodules, without splenomegaly or hepatomegaly. Cell blood count revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration showed infiltration by large histiocytes with hypochromatic nuclei and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm without emperipolesis. Biopsies of bone marrow, lymph node, and bone revealed immunohistochemical features of RDD: the histiocytes were positive for CD68 and S100 protein, but negative for CD1a. The patient initially received symptomatic treatment. One week after admission, she died of septic shock before the final establishment of RDD diagnosis. This case report highlights that bone marrow involvement in RDD is rare and associated with poor prognosis. We also aim to emphasize the obligation of bone marrow exploration in patients with RDD and presenting cytopenias in order to make an early diagnosis of bone marrow infiltration.
The Presence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Case-Control Study among Sudanese Patients
Authors: Shams Aldeen Mohammed , Logman Masaad Musa , Azhary Ayman , Suliman Abdulomez , Alziber Mohammed Ahmed , MohammedAhmed Motasim , Mohamed Aman Farag Alla , Ismail Salahaldeen , Abuzeid Nadir , Musa Abdualmoniem O. , Mengistu Samuel Tekle , Hamida Mohammed Elfatih
Published: December 2022

Patients infected with COVID-19 are at an increased risk for thrombosis, suggesting a possible role of COVID-19 in the induction of coagulopathy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of prothrombotic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in the course of COVID-19 infection and to correlate these markers with severity and fatality, suggesting that COVID-19-induced autoimmune thrombosis is a possible axis in the inflammatory circuit of this infection. To investigate this, we conducted a case-control study which included patients with a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of COVID-19 and a control group with negative COVID-19 PCR and antibody (IgG-IgM and IgA nucleoprotein) ELISA results. An indirect immunofluorescence assay using granulocyte biochips (Aesku slides from AESKU DIAGNOSTICS, Germany) was used to detect ANCA (IgG), as well as multiplex ELISA for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies for all patients with COVID-19 and for the control group. The results revealed the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (IgG) in one patient out of the 45 patients in the case group. 1/45(2.2%) and 7/45(15.6%) tested positive for ANCA. Five were men and two were females, with one case revealed to be positive for both aPL and ANCA. A cytoplasmic reaction on the eosinophil granulocytes was observed in 2 cases; both were positive for ANCA. Other markers (CRP, APTT, PT, INR, ESR, and neutrophil and lymphocyte counts) were included in the study, along with demographic data. No aPL or ANCA reactions were detected for any of the control groups. These findings suggest that aPL and ANCA may be induced during the course of inflammation in COVID-19 and possibly contribute to the disease’s severity and mortality.
Estrogen-DNA Adducts and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Asian Women
Authors: Lin Ching-Hung , Zahid Muhammad , Kuo Wen-Hung , Hu Fu-Chang , Wang Ming-Yang , Chen I-Chun , Beseler Cheryl L. , Mondal Bodhisattwa , Lu Yen-Shen , Rogan Eleanor G. , Cheng Ann-Lii
Published: December 2022

The incidence of breast cancer among premenopausal women has been increasing rapidly in recent decades in East Asia. This case–control study investigated whether estrogen-DNA adducts were associated with breast cancer risk in Taiwan. The control group (n = 146) comprised healthy female volunteers and women with non-proliferative breast disease. The case group (n = 221) comprised women either with proliferative benign breast disease or breast cancer. The ratios of estrogen-DNA adducts to their respective metabolites and conjugates in plasma were analyzed using ultraperformance LC/MS-MS. The SNPs of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT were genotyped. Logistic regression model was used to compare the estrogen-DNA adduct ratios between the two groups. The estrogen-DNA adduct ratio in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (median ratio: 58.52 vs. 29.36, P = 0.004). A multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that a unit increase in the natural log of the estrogen-DNA adduct ratio in premenopausal women was a significant predictor of breast cancer risk, with an estimated hazard ratio of 1.718 (1.444−2.046, P < 0.001). However, the CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT SNPs were not associated with the estrogen-DNA adduct ratios. In conclusion, plasma estrogen-DNA adduct ratio was associated with the presence of breast cancer or proliferating benign breast disease in premenopausal women in Taiwan.

Prevention Relevance:

This study provides evidence that endogenous estrogen-induced genotoxicity may contribute to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer in premenopausal Asian women. This work could have important preventive implication for the emerging disease in East Asia.
Ecos da economia política nos prefácios do Fazendeiro do Brasil (1798-1806)
Authors: Azevedo Dannylo de
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo é o resultado de nossa participação no simpósio Império e Colonização: Sociedade, Economia e Administração, evento dedicado à história colonial do Brasil realizado na Universidade de São Paulo em novembro de 2016. Seu objetivo é apontar de forma sucinta a presença de questões ou temas relacionados à disciplina da economia política nos livros da coleção O Fazendeiro do Brasil (1798-1806), cuja organização coube ao frei Mariano Veloso (1742-1812). O tema, que compreende um dos aspectos de nossa pesquisa de mestrado sobre a referida obra, visa elucidar quais foram as questões econômicas que se materializaram em tais publicações, como, por exemplo, o debate sobre as origens da riqueza na sociedade ou o papel do Estado no governo da vida econômica em finais do século XVIII.
reforma monetária portuguesa de 1688
Authors: Coelho Rafael da Silva
Published: December 2022

Este artigo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento acerca de problemas monetários no Brasil no final do século XVII. Naquela época, Portugal e vastas regiões da Europa passavam por uma longa estagnação econômica, associada, normalmente, à tendência secular recessiva que teria dominado o seiscentos. Dentro dos parâmetros do pensamento mercantilista, entre outras medidas, o governo português empreendeu uma reforma monetária com a finalidade de sanar, ao menos em parte, a evasão de dinheiro sofrida pelo reino. Resolveu-se que a lei deveria ser aplicada ao Brasil, onde desencadeou muitas reclamações, pois a reforma monetária de 1688, se aplicada na colônia, diminuiria o valor da maior parte das moedas que circulavam nas principais praças da América portuguesa.
Reocupação do Norte Pioneiro do Paraná: o caso de Cambará, Alambary e os indígenas
Authors: Fidelis Mateus Torelli
Published: December 2022

Para compreender as frentes de expansão e frentes pioneiras de um determinado local, devemos abranger nossa visão para além de uma história única, tradicional e hegemônica. No estudo da “colonização” do norte do Paraná no início do século XX, utilizamos a concepção de reocupação, pela qual se entende este espaço como local já habitado por sociedades indígenas e posseiros- caboclos, historicamente silenciados pela história do “pioneiro”. No presente estudo, analisamos como se deu a reocupação do território de Cambará-PR, indo além dos marcos históricos estabelecidos pelos “colonizadores”. Com ajuda de referências teóricas, fontes jornalísticas, memorialísticas e relatórios, discorremos sobre: a presença indígena na região; a chegada do latifundiário Major Antonio Barbosa Ferraz Júnior como dominação; e os patrimônios materiais e imateriais, como o rio Alambari, e a denominação da fazenda Água do “Bugre” – sua propriedade. Assim, examinamos o porquê do povoado de Alambary mudar seu nome para “Cambará” por volta de 1920 e se o antigo nome da Villa Alambary seria sinônimo de atraso, ao passo que Cambará (madeira exportada naquela época) representaria a superação de uma sociedade tida como “incivilizada” pelos “reocupantes”.
Eric Hobsbawm (1917‑2012)
Authors: Secco Lincoln
Published: December 2022

Ensaio sobre Eric Hobsbawm e o ”breve século XX”.
OLIVEIRA, Cecilia Helena de Salles. A astúcia liberal: relações de mercado e projetos políticos no Rio de Janeiro, 1820‑1824. 2. ed. São Paulo: Intermeios, 2020. 330 p.
Authors: Abreu Eide Sandra Azevedo
Published: December 2022

Resenha do livro OLIVEIRA, Cecilia Helena de Salles. A astúcia liberal: relações de mercado e projetos políticos no Rio de Janeiro, 1820‑1824. 2. ed. São Paulo: Intermeios, 2020. 330 p.
Foice no escuro: sobre o Combate nas trevas, de Jacob Gorender
Authors: Silva Marcos
Published: December 2022

Ensaio sobre o Combate nas trevas (1987), de Jacob Gorender.
Onception: Active Learning with Expert Advice for Real World Machine Translation
Authors: Mendonça Vânia , Rei Ricardo , Coheur Luísa , Sardinha Alberto
Published: December 2022

Active learning can play an important role in low-resource settings (i.e., where annotated data is scarce), by selecting which instances may be more worthy to annotate. Most active learning approaches for Machine Translation assume the existence of a pool of sentences in a source language, and rely on human annotators to provide translations or post-edits, which can still be costly. In this article, we apply active learning to a real-world human-in-the-loop scenario in which we assume that: (1) the source sentences may not be readily available, but instead arrive in a stream; (2) the automatic translations receive feedback in the form of a rating, instead of a correct/edited translation, since the human-in-the-loop might be a user looking for a translation, but not be able to provide one. To tackle the challenge of deciding whether each incoming pair source–translations is worthy to query for human feedback, we resort to a number of stream-based active learning query strategies. Moreover, because we do not know in advance which query strategy will be the most adequate for a certain language pair and set of Machine Translation models, we propose to dynamically combine multiple strategies using prediction with expert advice. Our experiments on different language pairs and feedback settings show that using active learning allows us to converge on the best Machine Translation systems with fewer human interactions. Furthermore, combining multiple strategies using prediction with expert advice outperforms several individual active learning strategies with even fewer interactions, particularly in partial feedback settings.
Politicizing Algorithms by Other Means: Toward Inquiries for Affective Dissensions
Authors: Jaton Florian , Vinck Dominique
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we build upon Bruno Latour’s political writings to address the current impasse regarding algorithms in public life. We assert that the increasing difficulties at governing algorithms—be they qualified as “machine learning,” “big data,” or “artificial intelligence”—can be related to their current ontological thinness: deriving from constricted views on theoretical practices, algorithms’ standard definition as problem-solving computerized methods provides poor grips for affective dissensions. We then emphasize on the role historical and ethnographic studies of algorithms can potentially play in the politicization of algorithms. By both digging into the genealogy of algorithms’ constricted definition and by making their contemporary constitutive relationships more visible, both historical and ethnographic studies can contribute to vascularizing algorithms and making them objects of enlarged disputes. We conclude by giving a flavor of the political potential of the vascularization efforts we call for, using materials from an ethnographic study conducted in a computer science laboratory.
Dipsocus gen. n.: A new bark louse genus of the tribe Thyrsophorini (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae), with description of a new species from China
Authors: JIE LULAN , LIANG FEIYANG , LIU XINGYUE
Published: December 2022

A new bark louse genus of the tribe Thyrsophorini, namely Dipsocus gen. n., is herein described. This genus differs from the other genera of Thyrsophorini by male hypandrium divided into two parts, basal part strongly sclerotized, distal part weakly sclerotized; female pigmented area of subgenital plate roughly T-shaped, stem of T-shaped area thread-like and distally bifurcated. We also describe a new species, i.e., D. fashengi sp. n., from Guangxi, China, and provide a key to the seven Thyrsophorini genera found in China.
An Assessment of the National Water Model’s Ability to Reproduce Drought Series in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Wan Tong , Covert Brenden H. , Kroll Charles N. , Ferguson Craig R.
Published: December 2022

Portions of the northeastern United States (NE) have experienced drought every year since 2016. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) has played an important role in drought characterization and management by providing weekly drought maps across the entire United States, including the NE. Unfortunately, the USDM lacks consistency between input variables leading to difficulties in defining boundaries between drought categories. This paper evaluates the National Water Model’s (NWM) ability to model streamflow and soil moisture, two important hydrological products that are frequently incorporated in drought indices. Using a 26-yr NWM retrospective simulation, comparisons were conducted between NWM output and observations of streamflow and soil moisture, as well as between drought categories derived from the NWM and observations and the USDM. Results indicate that NWM provides moderate predictions of streamflow at NE stations when comparing to historical observations, that NWM streamflow estimators are generally upwardly biased, and performance is worse at lower streamflow magnitudes. The NWM’s ability to predict soil moisture is worse than streamflow, with again a positive bias at most sites and strong variations in anomaly correlation across sites. When predicting drought categories, NWM streamflow is as strong a predictor of USDM drought categories as observed streamflow. Extending the NWM streamflow series using a maintenance of variance technique and only past records provides slight improvements over drought categories derived from the entire 26-yr retrospective simulation. Output from the NWM appears to have some skill in characterizing drought in the NE and provides a spatial resolution to improve the designation of drought boundaries.
Institutional Reforms and Spatial Efficiency in Agricultural Supply Chains in India
Authors: Ghosh Madhusudan
Published: December 2022

This paper reviews the institutional reforms in agricultural commodity markets in India and examines their implications for spatial efficiency in supply chains of the markets. In order to remove inefficiencies in the traditional supply chain, the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act was revised, and a Model APMC Act 2003 was introduced with the provisions for establishing private markets/yards, direct purchase centres, farmers markets for direct sale, contract farming and promotion of public–private partnership in the management and development of agricultural markets. Initiative has been taken to set up a National Agricultural Market as an all-India electronic trading portal to develop a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. The institutional reforms in agricultural marketing system since the early 1990s appear to have contributed towards improving the spatial efficiency in rice and wheat markets. The finding of an increase in the extent of spatial integration of markets after the reforms and the tendency of the prices to move towards a common stochastic trend lend support to the idea of setting up a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. Further reforms in the marketing system with better infrastructure facilities would strengthen market integration and improve efficiency in the supply chains.

JEL classification: O13, Q13, Q18.
Storytelling: An Engaging Teaching Tool in Ensemble Classes
Authors: Ripani Giulia
Published: December 2022

How can music educators create an engaging and supportive learning environment in ensemble classes? I propose using storytelling as a teaching tool to foster music learning and musical engagement in a relaxed, inviting, and focused atmosphere. Although storytelling cannot replace traditional teaching methods, it can help students understand technical concepts, develop bodily sensations, improve musical imagination, and develop a sense of community. I therefore address different aspects of storytelling to promote a more informed use of stories in ensemble classes.
Popular Music, Responding, and the Potentials of Podcasting
Authors: O’Leary Emmett J.
Published: December 2022

Students in the United States discuss popular music all the time, but often outside the music classroom. How can music educators bring those conversations into the classroom in ways that students find engaging and meaningful? Podcasts offer a potential solution. By taking on the role of the popular music podcaster, students enrich their conversations by developing analytical skills that theorists, musicologists, and critics use in the process of making a tangible product. This article invites educators to consider the potential of popular music podcasts using pedagogical strategies that include listening, responding, and project-based learning.
Relationship of Conflict, Conflict Avoidance, and Conflict Resolution to Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Bruce Madeline J. , Chang Alexander , Evans Luke , Streb Madison , Dehon Jewell , Handal Paul J.
Published: December 2022

Background: Conflict has deleterious effects on the adjustment of children, adolescence, and emerging adults. The literature is less robust on the adverse effects of conflict avoidance on adjustment as well as the beneficial effect of resolution in these age groups. The literature is markedly sparser on these relationships in adults. Method: We recruited N = 1471 US adults between 18 and 86 years old ( M = 33.94, SD = 11.67). They primarily identified as White with 51% holding at least a bachelor’s degree. Participants responded to the Perceived Family Conflict Subscale, Avoidant Conflict Scale, the Family Conflict Resolution Scale, and the Langner Symptom Survey. Results: A MANOVA modeling the four variables demonstrated a significant difference based on sex for the measure of distress and need for treatment ( Mwomen = 5.31, Mmen = 3.93, p < .001). Separate analyses for men and women yielded the same pattern for each sex. Specifically, low conflict groups, as well as low conflict avoidance groups, scored significantly lower on a measure of distress than the high conflict and conflict avoidance group. For conflict resolution, the high groups scored significantly lower on distress than did the low resolution group. Discussion: The deleterious effect of conflict and conflict avoidance were found in both adult men and women, thereby extending results found in children, teens, and young adults. Similarly, the beneficial effect of conflict resolution manifest in adult men and women, which had been found in young adults. Interventions aimed at reducing conflict avoidance and increasing conflict resolution skills should theoretically reduce stress.
High rates of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Peruvian hospital 2013–2019
Authors: Barrientos-Yong Rodrigo Samuel , Hinojosa-Salas Bryan Andrei , Salas-Ponce Percy Genaro , Angles Eddie , Ruiz Joaquim , Pons Maria J
Published: December 2022

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major concern of hospital care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the evolution of antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in a Peruvian hospital from 2013 to 2019. A total of 993 A. baumannii clinical isolates were recovered. Antimicrobial resistance levels were extremely high, except for colistin. Among the remaining antibacterial agents, ampicillin plus sulbactam (AMS) was the most active (71.4% of resistance), with resistance levels to the remaining agents ranging from 75.9% to amikacin to 99.2% to ertapenem. The presence of significant differences was observed in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii according to samples origin. No association was observed between MDR or XDR isolates and seasonality. An impressive rate of XDR A. baumannii isolates was found, including a growing number of only-colistin-susceptible isolates highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives.
Young people's schooling trajectories and transitions to social adulthood in the context of Brazil's Bolsa Família
Authors: JONES HAYLEY
Published: December 2022

As cash transfers have become key tenets of social protection systems in the global South, much effort has gone into evaluating their outcomes. Less attention has been paid, however, to young beneficiaries’ experiences of cash transfers and the contextualised and differentiated impacts on their lives at the micro-level. Based on a qualitative study of young recipients of Brazil's Bolsa Família programme, this article explores the factors that shape young people's schooling trajectories. The article demonstrates the complexity of young people's lives vis-à-vis the CCT policy model; particularly, how their trajectories do not conform to its linear logic, but rather reflect a more complex interaction of gender norms and social and economic inequalities. The tension between the linearity of the policy model and these differentiated and gendered trajectories in turn complicates how young people navigate the transition to social adulthood, by marking out ‘problematic’ vs ‘successful’ transitions and trajectories.
Effect of pneumatic compression device and stocking use on symptoms and quality of life in women with lipedema: A proof-in-principle randomized trial
Authors: Wright Thomas , Scarfino Crystal D. , O’Malley Ellen M.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Does short-term use of pneumatic compression devices (PCD) and off-the-shelf compression alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life in women with lipedema and secondary lipolymphedema?

Methods

Prospective, randomized controlled, industry-sponsored, proof-in-principle study comparing PCD plus conservative care (PCD+CC) to CC alone (control). Adult females with bilateral lipedema and secondary lymphedema were randomized to PCD+CC or CC. Outcome measures were lower limb and truncal circumferential measurements, bioimpedance, and quality-of-life, symptom, and pain intensity questionnaires.

Results

Both groups experienced improvements in leg circumference and bioimpedance with more improvement in the PCD+CC group than the CC group. Pain scores of the SF-36 survey and numerical rating scales were improved in the PCD+CC group. Wong–Baker Faces scores showed trends toward improvement in both groups.

Conclusions

This proof-in-principle study supports conservative management with graduated compression and with or without PCD for improvement in leg circumference, bioimpedance measurements, and pain in patients with lipedema.
Lessons from a rural ecosystem
Authors: Hammer Sivert , Frimanslund Tore
Published: December 2022

Entrepreneurial ecosystem theory can be described as a continuation of traditional cluster theory and regional innovation system theory, the difference being that entrepreneurial ecosystem theory takes the entrepreneur as its focal point. This study explores the extent to which current frameworks can explain the dynamics of a rural ecosystem. We apply a single-case-study research design to a rare, rural and vibrant business ecosystem in western Norway in order to discuss the various elements of entrepreneurial ecosystem theory. Furthermore, we look at the assumption of the bottom-up approach that growth is generated principally by the main entrepreneurial actors. This study makes a clear distinction between formal and informal resources in the ecosystem and shows the key importance of access to informal resources. The study shows how the rural ecosystem is driven from the bottom up and thus offers valuable lessons to practitioners seeking to understand and facilitate the dynamics of rural entrepreneurial business.
Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency lymphoproliferative disorder induced by corticosteroid used for an autoimmune disorder
Authors: Ito Kenichi , Uchino Yoshihito , Hirano Kazuhiko , Sekiguchi Naohiro
Published: December 2022

Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency lymphoproliferative disorders (oii-LPD) are defined as lymphoid proliferations or lymphomas that occur in patients taking immunosuppressive agents (ISA) for autoimmune disorders (AID). Although methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors cause oii-LPD, the association between corticosteroids and lymphomagenesis remains unknown. Herein, we present the case of a 51-year-old woman with oii-LPD caused by corticosteroid use for autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The diagnosis of AIHA was made in May 2016, and AIHA had been well-controlled for 5 years with oral prednisolone (PSL). During a regular follow-up visit in March 2022, an abnormal increase in atypical lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood was found. The bone marrow biopsy specimens showed local aggregations of large cells that were identified as lymphoplasmacytic cells and plasma cells, and that were positive for cluster of differentiation (CD)19 and CD20, with apparent nucleoli among the diffuse infiltration of atypical small lymphocytes. The large cells were partially positive for the Epstein–Barr encoding region in situ hybridization and latent membrane protein 1, which confirmed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-affected lymphomagenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an oii-LPD case shown to be induced by corticosteroid use for AID.