bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syndromic Antibiograms and Nursing Home Clinicians’ Antibiotic Choices for Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Taylor Lindsay N. , Wilson Brigid M. , Singh Mriganka , Irvine Jessica , Jolles Sally A. , Kowal Corinne , Bej Taissa A. , Crnich Christopher J. , Jump Robin L. P.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Empirical antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes (NHs) is often suboptimal. The potential for antibiograms to improve empirical antibiotic decision-making in NHs remains poorly understood.

Objective

To determine whether providing NH clinicians with a urinary antibiogram improves empirical antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a survey study using clinical vignettes. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling of professional organization listservs of NH clinicians practicing in the US from December 2021 through April 2022. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to June 2023.

Interventions

Respondents were randomized to complete vignettes using a traditional antibiogram (TA), a weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiogram (WISCA), or no tool. Participants randomized to antibiogram groups were asked to use the antibiogram to empirically prescribe an antibiotic. Participants randomized to the no tool group functioned as controls.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Empirical antibiotic selections were characterized as microbiologically (1) active and (2) optimal according to route of administration and spectrum of activity.

Results

Of 317 responses, 298 (95%) were included in the analysis. Duplicate responses (15 participants), location outside the US (2 participants), and uninterpretable responses (2 participants) were excluded. Most respondents were physicians (217 respondents [73%]) and had over 10 years of NH practice experience (155 respondents [52%]). A mixed-effects logistic model found that use of the TA (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.19-1.68; P < .001) and WISCA (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.30-1.84; P < .001) were statistically superior to no tool when choosing an active empirical antibiotic. A similarly constructed model found that use of the TA (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.42-2.66; P < .001) and WISCA (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.24-2.33; P = .003) were statistically superior to no tool when selecting an optimal empirical antibiotic. Although there were differences between tools within specific vignettes, when compared across all vignettes, the TA and WISCA performed similarly for active (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.30; P = .59) and optimal (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.64-1.20; P = .69) antibiotics.

Conclusions and Relevance

Providing NH clinicians with a urinary antibiogram was associated with selection of active and optimal antibiotics when empirically treating UTIs under simulated conditions. Although the antibiogram format was not associated with decision-making in aggregate, context-specific effects may have been present, supporting further study of syndromic antibiograms in clinical practice.
Consistency and Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Providing Nutritional Information
Authors: Hoang Yen Nhi , Chen Ya-Ling , Ho Dang Khanh Ngan , Chiu Wan-Chun , Cheah Khang-Jin , Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Chang Jung-Su
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes the accuracy of nutrition information from artificial intelligence (AI) in comparison with a nutritionist.
In Situ Formed Perovskite Nanocrystal Films Toward Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Yang Chang‐Hui , Xiao Hui , Sang Yu‐Feng , Luo Jian , Xiao Shang‐Biao , Xuan Hong‐Li , Ding Qing‐Rong , Lin Wenlie , Xu Zong‐Xiang , Chen Zhong‐Ning , Xu Liang‐Jin
Published: December 2023

Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is an active area of research because of its wide application in 3D displays and anti‐counterfeiting. However, it is not trivial to obtain a high asymmetry factor for highly efficient CPELs. Herein, a highly efficient CPEL is demonstrated with a superior asymmetry factor by using a chiral phosphine‐oxide‐passivated perovskite film as an emitter. An in situ‐formed perovskite nanocrystalline (NC) film is obtained by passivation of the chiral phosphine oxide. The as‐formed film exhibits much‐enhanced photoluminescence compared with the pristine film. More importantly, the NC film exhibits excellent chiral photoluminescence with a luminescence dissymmetry factor glum as high as 5.6 × 10−3. Electrically driven light‐emitting diodes based on the NC film exhibited superior device performance with a maximum brightness of 18,783 cd m−2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 3.6%. More encouragingly, an unprecedented electroluminescence asymmetry factor gEL of up to 0.18 is achieved because of the chiral lattice distortion of the perovskite, which is the state‐of‐the‐art among hybrid materials.
Modifying Surface Chemistry to Enhance the Electrochemical Stability of Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Xie Yingying , Li Jiantao , Li Matthew , Cai Jiyu , Huang Xiaozhou , Nguyen Hoai , Yu Lei , Huo Dewen , Yang Zhenzhen , Karami Niloofar , Sulaiman Baasit Ali Shaik , Chernova Natasha A. , Upreti Shailesh , Prevel Brad , Liu Yuzi , Wang Feng , Chen Zonghai
Published: December 2023

Residual impurities such as lithium carbonate and hydroxide are a major concern for accelerating parasitic reactions at the cathode electrolyte interface of lithium‐ion batteries. Removal of these lithium‐bearing species becomes a necessity for high‐performance nickel‐rich cathode materials. Instead of directly removing these impurities through washing steps, a wet impregnation process is employed to convert these detrimental surface impurities into beneficial surface coating on nickel‐rich cathode materials. Specifically, the pristine cathode material is treated with Al(H2PO4)3 solution to convert undesired compounds into Li3PO4 and AlPO4, both of which are considered positive surface coating materials for high‐voltage cathodes. It is found that the introduced modification greatly suppresses the interfacial impedance hike and improves the capacity retention of the cathode material after repeating charging/discharging. It is believed that these benefits are realized through the modification of the surface chemistry of the cathode material, which helps to slow down the parasitic reactions and reduce the damage to the cathode material.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Macrocycles for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Zhu Shoujia , Wang Bingyang , Yu Fan , Li Hao , Yu Mengna , Xu Man , Xie Linghai
Published: December 2023

Macrocyclic compounds have garnered considerable attention in the realms of supramolecular chemistry and optoelectronic materials owing to their distinctive geometries, exceptional stability, and potential chiral properties. As third‐generation organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitters, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials present themselves as promising contenders due to their ability to achieve complete exciton utilization through the harnessing of triplet excitons. The incorporation of macrocyclic structures with TADF characteristics holds the potential to yield TADF emitters endowed with unique attributes, thereby synergistically enhancing the performance and longevity of TADF materials for diverse device applications, ultimately propelling their commercialization. Within this comprehensive review, a thorough exploration of the molecular structures, synthesis methodologies, structure‐property relationships, and applications of the reported macrocyclic TADF systems in OLEDs are delved. Additionally, the prevailing challenges and prospective research directions are highlighted that demand attention in the realm of macrocyclic TADF materials. It is hoped that this review will provide researchers engaged in optoelectronic materials research with a lucid comprehension and inspiration concerning the intricacies of these macrocyclic TADF systems.
Crystalline Magnetic Anisotropy in High Entropy (Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)3O4 Oxide Driven by Single‐Element Orbital Anisotropy
Authors: Ke Wei‐En , Chen Jia‐Wei , Liu Cheng‐En , Ku Yu‐Chieh , Chang Chun‐Fu , Shafer Padraic , Lin Shi‐Jie , Chu Ming‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Yeh Jien‐Wei , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chu Ying‐Hao
Published: December 2023

The design of multicomponent materials has captured considerable attention due to its extraordinary ability to tailor functional properties. However, how a single element affects the behavior of the overall material has yet to be explored in depth. In this study, the heteroepitaxy of high entropy (Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)3O4 films with varying strain states are investigated in magnetic performance. It is discovered that the high entropy oxide thin film with compressive strain exhibits an effect of crystalline magnetic anisotropy. Diverse analyses provide a detailed understanding of high entropy magnetic oxide systems, including X‐ray diffraction, reciprocal space mapping, macroscopic magnetic characterization, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), etc. Notably, the element‐specific XAS technique proves effective in uncovering the origin of the crystalline magnetic anisotropy. Due to the substrate‐induced epitaxial strain, the eg orbitals of Mn3+ form different energy levels, leading to different preferred electron occupancy. The exploration of magnetic properties in epitaxial high entropy oxide film is then raveled. By navigating the complexities introduced by the random atom distribution and intricate magnetic interactions, this study pioneers novel methodologies for probing the core physics of high entropy oxides.
Poly(Ionic Liquid) Double‐Network Elastomers with High‐Impact Resistance Enhanced by Cation‐π Interactions
Authors: Li Qingning , Li Weizheng , Liu Ziyang , Zheng Sijie , Wang Xiaowei , Xiong Jiaofeng , Yan Feng
Published: December 2023

With the continuous development of impact protection materials, lightweight, high‐impact resistance, flexibility, and controllable toughness are required. Here, tough and impact‐resistant poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)/poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) double‐network (DN) elastomers are constructed via multiple cross‐linking of polymer networks and cation‐π interactions of PIL chains. Benefiting from the strong noncovalent cohesion achieved by the cation‐π interactions in PIL chains, the prepared PIL DN elastomers exhibit extraordinary compressive strength (95.24 ± 2.49 MPa) and toughness (55.98 ± 0.66 MJ m−3) under high‐velocity impact load (5000 s−1). The synthesized PIL DN elastomer combines strength and flexibility to protect fragile items from impact. This strategy provides a new research idea in the field of the next generation of safety and protective materials.
Biofouling and Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys Through Ultrafast Laser Surface Texturing for Marine Applications
Authors: Cholkar Abhijit , Chatterjee Suman , Richards Chloe , McCarthy Éanna , Perumal Gopinath , Regan Fiona , Kinahan David , Brabazon Dermot
Published: December 2023

Surface biofouling, corrosion, and wettability are important parameters to understand and characterize aluminum alloys to prevent the failure in marine environments. Antifouling technologies predominantly encompass chemical and biocidal approaches with negative environmental consequences. Therefore, this study focuses on a new method of producing non‐toxic and effective antifouling and corrosion‐resistant surfaces. In this study, ultrafast laser texturing is used to modify the surface of an aluminum alloy using a femtosecond laser system. Five different unique texture patterns are designed and fabricated using 3 W laser power, 100 kHz pulse repetition rate, and 4 mm s−1 scanning speed in order to make the aluminum surface antifouling and corrosion resistant. The non‐textured sample has a contact angle of 85° while the textured samples have contact angles of up to 157°. The contact angle increased with time up to 90 days of aging. Biofouling assessment is conducted using marine algae Nitzschia ovalis as a marine fouling test organism. A reduction of biofilm coverage of 79% is recorded from the laser‐produced star pattern texture. This study demonstrates that laser‐textured surfaces have the potential to mitigate the formation of biofilms on the surfaces while also providing a mechanism to control the relative level of corrosion.
Additive Manufacturing of Multi‐Metal Microstructures by Localized Electrochemical Deposition Under Hydrodynamic Confinement
Authors: Widerker Daniel , Kaigala Govind V. , Bercovici Moran
Published: December 2023

This study presents a device and method for multi‐metal printing of microscale structures. The method is based on combining hydrodynamic confinement of electrolytes with localized electrochemical deposition (HLECD), allowing rapid switching of the deposited metal. The device used in HLECD integrates a micro‐anode on a vertical microfluidic chip containing two open‐ended channels that control the flow of electrolytes surrounding the anode. When placed on top of a conducting surface, a localized electrochemical reaction is initiated, wherein the deposited metal composition is dictated by the electrolyte in the confinement. A range of electrolytes, which are used to deposit copper, tin, silver, and nickel, are used to fabricate multiple structures involving more than 60 material changes within a single printing process. The structures are analyzed using electron microscopy, showing the ability to achieve sharp transitions between pure metals. The constant replenishment of electrolytes also eliminates the problem of ion depletion commonly occurring in localized electrochemical deposition, and enables printing rates that are nearly an order of magnitude greater.
CAR‐Aptamers Enable Traceless Enrichment and Monitoring of CAR‐Positive Cells and Overcome Tumor Immune Escape
Authors: Zhou Hang , Abudureheman Tuersunayi , Zheng Wei‐Wei , Yang Li‐Ting , Zhu Jian‐Min , Liang Ai‐Bin , Duan Cai‐Wen , Chen Kaiming
Published: December 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐positive cell therapy, specifically with anti‐CD19 CAR‐T (CAR19‐T) cells, achieves a high complete response during tumor treatment for hematological malignancies. Large‐scale production and application of CAR‐T therapy can be achieved by developing efficient and low‐cost enrichment methods for CAR‐T cells, expansion monitoring in vivo, and overcoming tumor escape. Here, novel CAR‐specific binding aptamers (CAR‐ap) to traceless sort CAR‐positive cells and obtain a high positive rate of CAR19‐T cells is identified. Additionally, CAR‐ap‐enriched CAR19‐T cells exhibit similar antitumor capacity as CAR‐ab (anti‐CAR antibody)‐enriched CAR‐T cells. Moreover, CAR‐ap accurately monitors the expansion of CAR19‐T cells in vivo and predicts the prognosis of CAR‐T treatment. Essentially, a novel class of stable CAR‐ap‐based bispecific circular aptamers (CAR‐bc‐ap) is constructed by linking CAR‐ap with a tumor surface antigen (TSA): protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) binding aptamer Sgc8. These CAR‐bc‐aps significantly enhance antitumor cytotoxicity with a loss of target antigens by retargeting CAR‐T cells to the tumor in vitro and in vivo. Overall, novel CAR‐aptamers are screened for traceless enrichment, monitoring of CAR‐positive cells, and overcoming tumor cell immune escape. This provides a low‐cost and high‐throughput approach for CAR‐positive cell‐based immunotherapy.
On the Structure of Oxygen Deficient Amorphous Oxide Films
Authors: Strand Jack , Shluger Alexander L.
Published: December 2023

Understanding defects in amorphous oxide films and heterostructures is vital to improving performance of microelectronic devices, thin‐film transistors, and electrocatalysis. However, to what extent the structure and properties of point defects in amorphous solids are similar to those in the crystalline phase are still debated. The validity of this analogy and the experimental and theoretical evidence of the effects of oxygen deficiency in amorphous oxide films are critically discussed. The authors start with the meaning and significance of defect models, such as “oxygen vacancy” in crystalline oxides, and then introduce experimental and computational methods used to study intrinsic defects in amorphous oxides and discuss their limitations and challenges. To test the validity of existing defect models, ab initio molecular dynamics is used with a non‐local density functional to model the structure and electronic properties of oxygen‐deficient amorphous alumina. Unlike some previous studies, the formation of deep defect states in the bandgap caused by the oxygen deficiency is found. Apart from atomistic structures analogous to crystal vacancies, the formation of more stable defect states characterized by the bond formation between under‐coordinated Al ions is shown. The limitations of such defect models and how they may be overcome in simulations are discussed.
Methylene Insertion into Nitrogen‐Heteroatom Single Bonds of 1,2‐Azoles via a Zinc Carbenoid: An Alternative Tool for Skeletal Editing
Authors: Tsuda Masato , Morita Taiki , Morita Yuto , Takaya Jun , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: December 2023

The nitrogen‐heteroatom single bonds of 1,2‐azoles and isoxazolines underwent methylene insertion in the presence of CH2I2 (6 equiv.) and diethylzinc (3 equiv.) to produce a wide variety of the ring‐expanded six‐membered heterocycles. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the methylene insertion proceeds via cleavage of nitrogen‐heteroatom single bonds followed by ring closure.
Analog HfxZr1‐xO2Memristors with Tunable Linearity for Implementation in a Self‐Organizing Map Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Quanzhou , Jiang Biyi , Lan Jun , Hou Zeyu , Dong Yida , Wang Zhongrui , Feng Xuewei , Shen Mei , Yu Hongyu , Chen Kai , Li Jiamin , Lin Longyang , Zhou Feichi , Li Yida
Published: December 2023

Doped‐metal oxide‐based memristors, with the potential for improved switching performance and capability for multi‐bit information storage, are attractive candidates in the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) hardware systems. However, performance and process considerations such as switching behavior and complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility remain a challenge. This study shows that amorphous Zr‐doped HfO2(HZO) memristors fabricated via a co‐sputtering approach improve the switching performance by providing a controllable knob to modulate defects in the switching layer. At the same time, it satisfies the CMOS process compatibility requirements for industry adoption. HZO memristors with optimized stoichiometry exhibit 30% reduced switching voltages and 50% faster switching as compared to control HfO2memristors. Concurrently, this study shows that high linearity analog states tuning is achievable via a programming scheme that utilizes voltage pulses with increasing amplitudes. This study further shows via simulation evaluation that HZO memristors implemented in a self‐organizing‐map (SOM) network for Fashion MNIST database classification, achieve an accuracy of 92% with short training cycles. The results thus pave a potential pathway for further development of CMOS process compatible HZO memristors for use in future storage and computing applications.
Achieving High External Quantum Efficiency for ITIC‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Negligible Homo Energy Offsets
Authors: Du Huijun , An Kang , Wang Rong , Yin Zhipeng , Peng Feng , Lüer Larry , Brabec Christoph J. , Ying Lei , Li Ning
Published: December 2023

Minimizing energy loss in organic solar cells (OSCS) is critical for attaining high photovoltaic performance. Among the parameters that correlated to photovoltaic performance, the energy offsets between donor–acceptor pairs play a vital role in photoelectric conversion processes. For so far reported a large number of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), only Y6 and its derivatives can achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 80% with negligible energy offsets when combined with polymeric donors. Thus, understanding the relationship between energy offsets and energy losses in representative NFAs is the key to further enhancing the efficiency of OSCs. In this study, a series of wide‐bandgap polymer donors based on pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione (TzBI) and benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′] dithiophene‐4,8‐dione building blocks are combined with representative NFAs, including ITIC and Y6, to gain deep insights into their photovoltaic performances and related energy losses. Outstanding EQEs (≈70%) and suppressed non‐radiative recombination are achieved at negligible energy offsets. Moreover, it is noted that a prolonged exciton lifetime of acceptor is not essential to obtain high EQEs in OSCs with negligible energy offsets. Eventually, ITIC derivatives with high electroluminescence efficiencies and near‐infrared absorptions have the potential to be assembled to obtain high‐efficiency OSCs.
Decent and equal work in agri‐food systems: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Fabry Anna , Schuster Monica , Maertens Miet
Published: December 2023

Agri‐food systems are important sources of rural off‐farm employment, but insights on job quality are limited. We study job quality in the Peruvian horticultural sector and explore the driving forces of decent and equal work, using survey data and econometric methods. We find structural disparities in wages and job quality between men and women and between local and migrant workers, trade‐offs between wage and nonwage dimensions of decent work, and sector and company differences. Our findings contest that global value chains are a catalyst for decent and equal work and underscore the importance of formalization and government regulation of employment.
Selective Hemin Binding by a Non‐G‐quadruplex Aptamer with Higher Affinity and Better Peroxidase‐like Activity
Authors: Gu Lide , Ding Yuzhe , Zhou Yang , Zhang Yao , Wang Deli , Liu Juewen
Published: December 2023

Previous aptamers for porphyrins and metalloporphyrins were all guanine‐rich sequences that can fold in G‐quadruplex structures. Due to stacking‐based binding, these aptamers can hardly tell different porphyrins apart, and they can also bind other planar molecules, hindering their practical applications. In this work, we used the capture selection method to obtain aptamers for hemin and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The hemin aptamer (Hem1) features two highly conserved repeating binding loops, and it cannot form a G‐quadruplex, which was supported by its Mg2+‐dependent but K+‐independent hemin binding and CD spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed much higher enthalpy change for the new aptamer, and the best aptamer showed a Kd of 43 nM hemin. Hem1 can also enhance the peroxidase‐like activity of hemin. This work demonstrates that aptamers have alternative ways to bind porphyrins allowing selective recognition of different porphyrins.
In situ simultaneous measuring method for the determination of key processes of soil organic carbon cycling: Soil microbial respiration using laser spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Hongzhao , He Zhen , Zhang Liping , Wang Jiurong , Zhu Zhenke , Ge Tida
Published: December 2023

Rationale: Soil microbial heterotrophic C‐CO2 respiration is important for C cycling. Soil CO2 differentiation and quantification are vital for understanding soil C cycling and CO2 emission mitigation. Presently, soil microbial respiration (SR) quantification models are based on native soil organic matter (SOM) and require consistent monitoring of δ13C and CO2.

Methods: We present a new apparatus for achieving in situ soil static chamber incubation and simultaneous CO2 and δ13C monitoring by cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) coupled with a soil culture and gas introduction module (SCGIM) with multi‐channel. After a meticulous five‐point inter‐calibration, the repeatability of CO2 and δ13C values by using CRDS‐SCGIM were determined, and compared with those obtained using gas chromatography (GC) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), respectively. We examined the method regarding quantifying SR with various concentrations and enrichment of glucose and then applied it to investigate the responses of SR to the addition of different exogenous organic materials (glucose and rice residues) into paddy soils during a 21‐day incubation.

Results: The CRDS‐SCGIM CO2 and δ13C measurements were conducted with high precision (< 1.0 µmol/mol and 1‰, respectively). The optimal sampling interval and the amount added were not exceeded 4 h and 200 mg C/100 g dry soil in a 1 L incubation bottle, respectively; the 13C‐enrichment of 3%–7% was appropriate. The total SR rates observed were 0.6–4.2 µL/h/g and the exogenous organic materials induced ‐49%–28% of priming effects in native SOM mineralisation.

Conclusions: Our results show that CRDS‐SCGIM is a method suitable for the quantification of soil microbial CO2 respiration, requiring less extensive lab resources than GC/IRMS.
Rocuronium‐Induced Anaphylaxis in the Perioperative Period: A Clinical Review
Authors: Harris David E.
Published: December 2023

Rocuronium, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used for muscle relaxation especially during endotracheal intubation, can cause hypersensitivity reactions. This article provides an overview of anaphylactic reactions; risk factors; and the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications associated with rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis. Life‐threatening anaphylaxis can be immunoglobulin E–mediated or non–immunoglobulin E‐mediated and usually occurs after the first dose. Anaphylaxis can present with hypotension and bronchospasm; cutaneal symptoms, such as erythema, may not be obvious. Diagnosis is initially presumptive and may require a transesophageal echocardiogram to rule out other causes of hypotension (eg, pulmonary embolus). Emergency treatment begins with epinephrine administration and fluid boluses; cardiac support devices may be needed. Definitive diagnosis requires early measurement of histamine and tryptase levels and skin testing after the patient recovers from the reaction. Perioperative nurses should be prepared to participate in emergency treatment of anaphylaxis and advocate for testing for a definitive diagnosis.
Computational fluid dynamics study on three‐dimensional polymeric scaffolds to predict wall shear stress using machine learning models for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: E Sudalai Manikandan , M Thirumarimurugan , A Gnanaprakasam , M Satthiyaraju
Published: December 2023

Geometrical patterns and dimensions of the polymeric scaffold play a major role in controlling the degradation and mechanical stimuli for osteogenic differentiation. Wall shear stress (WSS) analysis of scaffold provides a better understanding of the body fluid flow dynamics. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out to understand velocity profile and WSS distribution when the strands are arranged in rectangular and triangular pitch for the different strand diameters and spacing. The number of scaffold surfaces with less than 30 mPa and maximum and average WSS was estimated to check the suitability of the scaffold for loading stem cells. This situation is favorable to induce osteogenic activity and cell viability. Higher spacing/pitch between the strands increases the chances of scaffold surface having WSS less than 30 mPa. When the spacing and diameter are smaller, there is no significant variation in WSS and pressure drop between rectangular and triangular pitch arrangement is observed. Machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict WSS distribution and to reduce the computational cost involved in solving the Navier–Stokes equation. XG Boost and support vector machine (SVM) models outperform the other models in predicting the WSS with high R2 and five‐fold cross‐validation accuracy and are helpful in predicting the optimal design parameters of a three‐dimensional scaffold.
Development of fish scale particle reinforced PLA filaments for 3D printing applications
Authors: Joseph Arockiam A. , Rajesh S. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: December 2023

This study investigated incorporating fish scale powder (FSP) as a bio‐filler into polylactic acid (PLA) raw material for polymeric 3D printing. The PLA/FSP filaments were evaluated for various properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, diameter deviation, thermogravimetric analysis, surface roughness, and SEM analysis) at different compositions (PLA, PLA/FSP10, PLA/FSP20, and PLA/FSP30 wt%). The results revealed that PLA filaments reinforced with 20 wt% FSP achieved the highest tensile strength, and modulus is 44.49 MPa and 2.83 GPa. The filaments reinforced with neat PLA and PLA with 10 wt% fish scale powder exhibited minor diameter deviations of +0.002 and −0.002. The surface roughness of the neat PLA filament is notably higher, registering a value of 1.459 μm. This finding highlights the importance of considering surface characteristics in filament selection for 3D printing applications. The microscopic analysis confirmed a uniform distribution of FSP particles in the 20 wt% composition PLA/FSP filaments. These results suggest that PLA/FSP (20 wt%) is an optimal feedstock for 3D printing, especially in developing biomaterials like bio‐scaffolds.
Shifts in the size and distribution of marine trophy fishing world records
Authors: Boon James S. , Vaudin Grace , Millward‐Hopkins Hannah , O'Leary Bethan C. , McClean Colin J. , Stewart Bryce D.
Published: December 2023

The extensive nature of recreational angling makes it difficult to explore trends in global catches. However, trophy fishing world records may provide an insight into recreational fishing pressure on the largest species and size classes. Trophy fishing is promoted and recorded by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), who manage an 80‐year database on the largest individuals of a species caught – called all‐tackle records (ATRs) – with information on the size and location of each record catch.

We analyse these data to explore temporal trends in the size of record‐setting fishes, determine how past and present ATR catches are distributed globally, and examine trends in records for International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threatened species.

The number of ATRs, and the number of species awarded an ATR, have increased significantly over the past 80 years. New records are for increasingly smaller maximum‐sized species of fish, with the average sized record shifting from 167.7 kg in the 1950s to 8.1 kg in the 2010s. ATRs for species listed as threatened (Vulnerable or higher) on the IUCN Red List have also declined by approximately 66% over the past two decades. Records were unevenly distributed around the world but have spread globally over time. Historically, ATRs were concentrated around the coastline of the USA but in recent decades more were reported in areas such as Japan and New Zealand.

These data either reflect a shift away from mainly targeting large taxa to targeting a wider variety of smaller species, or that there are now limited larger specimens and so fewer ATRs are being set. Additionally, the scarcity of new records for threatened species appears to support IUCN assessments of their poor stock status. The spread of ATRs suggests a growing pressure on the largest size classes in regions with previously little trophy fishing pressure. We encourage the greater use of catch‐and‐release initiatives and mandatory data collection for all near records to better quantify trophy fishing pressure and ensure sustainable practices.
Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Induced Tumor Cell Death by Anti‐tumor Metallic complexes
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Chang , Zhao Tian‐Kun , Tao Si‐Man , Wang Peng , Guan Yi‐Chen , Yang Ke‐Pei , Chen Sheng‐Qiang , Pu Xiu‐Ying
Published: December 2023

Metal complexes represented by platinum complexes play a very important role in cancer treatment due to their diverse chemical structures and anti‐tumor activities. Recently, ferroptosis has emerged as a newly occurring cell death form in the anti‐tumor process. It has been reported that metal complexes could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumors and combat chemotherapy resistance by targeting ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe ferroptosis as a fundamental process for tumor suppression and triggering anti‐tumor immune responses. We summarize recent developments on metal complexes that induce ferroptosis. Finally, we outline the prospects for the application of metal complexes to the treatment of tumors based on ferroptosis and the associated problems that need to be solved, and discussed other potential research directions of metal complexes.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 08/2023
Authors: Beletic James W. , Auyeung John , Pan Jianmei , Corrales Liz , Dorn Meghan , Maitra Devraj , Farris Mark , Zandian Majid , Piquette Eric , Rangel Liz , Petersen Anders , Yulius Aristo , Bai Yibin , Bhargava Sid
Published: December 2023

The composite image shows highlights of select papers from the Proceedings of the Scientific Detector Workshop 2022. From top left, clockwise: The Euclid NISP Near‐Infrared Focal Plane under test at the CEA/LAM facility in Marseilles, France (see J. Beletic et al., e230136); The Acuros CQD sensors from SWIR Vision Systems (see C. Mackay, e230104); The Original lab book entry made at Bell Labs by Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith on October 19th, 1969 (see M.M. Roth, e230066); The focal plane of the Dark Energy Survey (see S.E. Holland, p. xx4); The DECam CCD wafer (see S.E. Holland, e230072); The 2048 × 2048 detector array of JWST NIRCam supplied by Teledyne (see G. Rieke, e230065); Mosaic of three integrated FPA + Linear variable filters (see, J. Beletic et al., e230136).

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Simple and sensitive fluorescence sensing of methyl parathion based on the inner filter effect of p‐nitrophenol on nitrogen‐doped titanium carbide quantum dots
Authors: Yi Yinhui , Hou Jieling , Bi Xiaoya , Luo Lijun , Li Libo , You Tianyan
Published: December 2023

It is of great significance to develop an effective method for methyl parathion (MP) detection. Herein, a novel nitrogen‐doped titanium carbide quantum dots (N‐Ti3C2 QDs) was prepared and used to construct a simple and sensitive fluorescence sensing platform of MP by making use of inner filter effect (IFE). The prepared N‐Ti3C2 QDs can exhibit strong blue fluorescence at 434 nm. Meanwhile, MP could hydrolyze to produce p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) under alkaline conditions, which showed a characteristic ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) absorption peak at 405 nm, resulting in the fluorescence of N‐Ti3C2 QDs is effectively quenched by p‐NP. In addition, the investigation of time‐resolved fluorescence decays indicated that the corresponding quenching mechanism of p‐NP on N‐Ti3C2 QDs is due to the IFE. After optimizing the conditions, the as‐developed fluorescence sensing platform displayed wide detection range (0.1–30 μg mL−1) and low detection limit (0.036 μg mL−1) for MP, and it was also successfully applied for MP analysis in real water samples, thus it is expected that this simple, sensitive and enzyme‐free sensing platform shows great applications.
Natural product fargesin interferes with H3 histone lactylation via targeting PKM2 to inhibit non‐small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Guo Zizhang , Tang Yeqing , Wang Shunshun , Huang Yuming , Chi Qingjia , Xu Kang , Xue Lei
Published: December 2023

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. There is an urgent need to find more effective drugs that inhibit NSCLC. Fargesin (FGS) has demonstrated anti‐tumor effects; however, its efficacy and the molecular mechanism of inhibiting NSCLC are unclear. Herein, we investigated FGS’ inhibitory effects on NSCLC by CCK8 and EdU assays and cell cycle analysis of A549 cells in vitro and in a nude mouse tumor transplantation model in vivo. FGS (10–50 μM) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and down‐regulated expression levels of CDK1 and CCND1. Transcriptomic analysis showed that FGS regulated the cell metabolic process pathway. Differential metabolites with FGS treatment were enriched in glycolysis and pyruvate pathways. Cell metabolism assay were used to evaluate the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in A549 cells. FGS also inhibited the production of cellular lactate and the expression of LDHA, LDHB, PKM2, and SLC2A1. These genes were identified as important oncogenes in lung cancer, and their binding to FGS was confirmed by molecular docking simulation. Notably, the over‐expression and gene silencing experiments signified PKM2 as the molecular target of FGS for anti‐tumorigenesis. Moreover, the H3 histone lactylation, were correlated with tumorigenesis, were inhibited with FGS treatment. Conclusively, FGS inhibited the aerobic glycolytic and H3 histone lactylation signaling pathways in A549 NSCLC cells by targeting PKM2. These findings provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of FGS in NSCLC.
Development of stability‐indicating assay method and liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based structural characterization of the forced degradation products of alpelisib
Authors: Ghanghav Vidya , Chawathe Ashwini , Chauthe Siddheshwar Kisan , Sharma Nitish
Published: December 2023

The US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency approved alpelisib in 2019 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. A thorough literature review revealed that a stability‐indicating analytical method (SIAM) is not available for the quantification of alpelisib and its degradation products (DPs). In this study, per the comprehensive stress study recommended by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), alpelisib was exposed to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress. Degradation of the drug was observed under hydrolysis, oxidative, and photolysis conditions, whereas the drug was stable under thermal stress condition. We developed a SIAM for the separation of alpelisib and its major DPs that were formed under different stress conditions. The validation of the developed method was performed per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Five DPs were identified and characterized. Structure elucidation of all DPs was performed with the modern characterization tool of liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS). The degradation pathway of the drug and its mechanisms were outlined, and in silico toxicity prediction was performed using the ProTox‐II tool.
Effect of sourdough addition on gluten‐free sorghum bread fortified with plant‐based protein and dietary fiber: Functional, textural, and structural properties
Authors: Turksoy Secil , Guzel Mustafa , Guzel Nihal
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

The production of high‐quality gluten‐free bread still poses a major technological challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sourdough fermentation and structural/nutritional enrichment on gluten‐free sorghum bread quality. Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used as starter cultures.

Findings

The bread crust color and titratable acidity were comparable; although, the crumb color of sourdough bread made with L. acidophilus was measured darker. In both starter cultures, sourdough bread had a softer texture than the control, with significant (p < .05) differences in hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess values. The sourdough bread showed similar Fourier Transformed Infraredtransformed infrared (FTIR) spectra with the control bread, with four major peaks in the functional group region (4000–1200 cm−1) and a unique peak in the fingerprint region (1200–600 cm−1).

Conclusion

Breads made with L. acidophilus (at 20% and 30% addition levels) showed better quality attributes such as softer texture, higher total phenolic content (97.75 mg GAE/100 g), and antioxidant capacity (341.49 µmol TEAC/100 g).

Significance and Novelty

The results suggested that selected lactic acid bacteria‐based sorghum sourdough might be a promising ingredient for the development of gluten‐free bread with improved quality and nutritional value.
Oxazaborolidinones: Steric Coverage Effect of Lewis Acidic Boron Center in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions
Authors: Tsuchiya Naoki , Nojiri Takaki , Nishikata Takashi
Published: December 2023

It was demonstrated that α‐hydroxycarboxamide is an excellent boron‐protecting group. The reaction between α‐hydroxycarboxamide and organoboronic acids produced stable oxazaborolidinones (OxBs), in which the
‐hybridized boron atom was sterically protected by α‐hydroxycarboxamide. The alkyl groups of the α‐hydroxycarboxamide moiety can dynamically cover the p‐orbital of the
‐hybridized boron center, creating a small space around the boron atom, allowing for smooth transmetalation by a Pd catalyst and easy deprotection by water. This protecting phenomenon is effective for readily purification, Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions with unstable boronic acids and iterative cross‐couplings.
Resilience in adolescent and young adult oncology: Problems and prospects
Authors: Rosenberg Abby R. , Salsman John M.
Published: December 2023

Although resilience research in adolescent and young adult oncology is promising for improving patient‐centered outcomes, it does not adequately incorporate diverse perspectives of marginalized individuals. Including the unique aspects of minoritized adolescents and young adults and incorporating cultural, community, and system‐level considerations is essential to understanding and promoting resilience in an equitable fashion.
Studying antigen‐specific T cells through a streamlined, whole blood‐based extracellular approach
Authors: Trauet Jacques , Bourgoin Penelope , Schuldt Jana , Lefèvre Guillaume , Labalette Myriam , Busnel Jean‐Marc , Demaret Julie
Published: December 2023

Techniques currently used for the study of antigen‐specific T‐cell responses are either poorly informative or require a heavy workload. Consequently, many perspectives associated with the broader study of such approaches remain mostly unexplored in translational research. However, these could benefit many fields including but not limited to infectious diseases, oncology, and vaccination. Herein, the main objective of this work was to develop a standardized flow cytometry‐based approach that would combine ease of use together with a relevant study of antigen‐specific T‐cell responses so that they could be more often included in clinical research. To this extent, a streamlined approach relying on 1/ the use of whole blood instead of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 2/ solely based on the expression of extracellular activation‐induced markers (AIMs), called whole blood AIM (WAIM), was developed and further compared to more conventional techniques such as enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISpot) and flow cytometry‐based intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Based on a cohort of 20 individuals receiving the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine and focusing on SARS‐CoV‐2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐derived antigen T‐cell‐specific responses, a significant level of correlation between the three techniques was found. Based on the use of whole blood and on the expression of extracellular activation‐induced markers (CD154, CD137, and CD107a), the WAIM technique appears to be very simple to implement and yet allows interesting patient stratification capabilities as the chosen combination of extracellular markers exhibited higher orthogonality than cytokines that are commonly considered in ICS (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2).
Accident event detection from Facebook posts written in Bengali and Banglish languages
Authors: Sabah Mredula Motahara , Rahman Md. Sazzadur , Sanwar Hosen A. S. M.
Published: December 2023

Accident events refer to abrupt or unpredictable incidents, which often cause a temporary or permanent bruise. Sometimes, the damage is so severe that it permanently ruins an individual's whole life and family. Detection of these unwanted accident events is the prerequisite for preventing and lowering the rate of casualty. Most people are habituated to posting their seeings, thoughts, and beliefs on social media and often post about accident incidents. This work detects accident incidents from real‐time Facebook data and the text‐mentioned probable time and location. Previous research works in this domain have been conducted in English, mainly with Twitter data. In this work, Bengali and Banglish Facebook posts have been used to aid the emergency response team in rapidly rescuing injured personnel. For this purpose, real‐time Facebook data have been crawled and pre‐processed. After that, several layers of feature extraction including individual keyword feature and paired keyword feature have been conducted and then sentiment analysis of the posts have taken place. Individual keyword feature is further divided into common event keyword and accident‐specific event keyword. Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify accident and non‐accident events. Two more classifiers, Naive Bayes (NB) and Decision Tree (DT), are used for comparison. For NB, the Bernoulli, Gaussian, and Multinomial NB are applied. The SVM method achieves slightly better accuracy in the Bengali dataset than the Banglish dataset. The SVM, Bernoulli NB, Multinomial NB, Gaussian NB, and DT classifier achieved accuracy of 80%, 81%, 74%, 80%, and 79.5% for the Bengali dataset and 78%, 77.5%, 73%, 78%, and 78.5% for the Banglish dataset, respectively.
Oil sands restoration with warm‐adapted trees improves outcomes under moderate but not severe warming scenarios
Authors: Nenzén Hedvig , Boulanger Yan , Campbell Elizabeth , Price David , Mallon Chris , Petty Aaron , Stralberg Diana
Published: December 2023

Successful restoration of human‐disturbed landscapes and ecosystems will be increasingly compromised by the impacts of climate warming. Assisted migration and climate‐informed restoration, in which populations and species adapted to future climates are selected for restoration planting, have emerged as management tools to mitigate climate change effects. However, it is unclear whether climate‐informed restoration could offset the negative effects of climate change and enable successful restoration. We used a forest landscape model to evaluate the potential for reclamation activities to restore western Canadian boreal forest landscapes severely degraded by oil sands mining. We parametrized tree populations adapted to growing in warmer climates and then simulated the planting of local or southern tree populations under different climate change, mining, and wildfire disturbance scenarios. We found that planting trees better adapted to a warmer climate mitigated climate‐change and wildfire‐caused decreases in biomass across the landscape, but only under moderate climate change scenarios. The compensatory effect of planting populations adapted to warmer southern climates disappeared under a more severe climate change scenario. The advantage of planting southern populations also disappeared under wildfire scenarios, generally doubling the biomass loss compared with scenarios without wildfire. With wildfire and strong climate change effects, forest cover disappeared from much of the landscape, regardless of the planting scenario, causing it to change markedly from present‐day continuous boreal forest cover. We argue that such conditions would have large ecological and economic consequences. Scenario modeling with forest landscape models could be used as a tool to identify the long‐term success of restoration actions and to understand possible consequences of climate‐informed restoration.