bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiple-dose double-blind randomized study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and analgesic efficacy of the TRPV1 antagonist JNJ-39439335 (mavatrep)
Authors: Manitpisitkul Prasarn , Flores Christopher M. , Moyer John A. , Romano Gary , Shalayda Kevin , Tatikola Kanaka , Hutchison James S. , Mayorga Arthur J.
Published: February 2018

Background and aims:

This double-blind (DB), randomized, placebo-controlled, sequential-group, multiple-ascending dose, phase 1 study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JNJ-39439335 in healthy men (part 1), and in participants with knee osteoarthritis (part 2).

Methods:

Both parts 1 and 2 consisted of screening (upto 21 days), 21-day DB treatment phase [eight participants/group: JNJ-39439335 (part 1: 2–50 mg; part 2: 10–50 mg): n=6; placebo: n=2] and follow-up (total study duration ~10 weeks).

Results:

Plasma concentrations and systemic exposure of JNJ-39439335 increased in slightly higher than dose-proportional fashion (steady-state reached by day 14). Renal excretion of JNJ-39439335 was negligible. Marked dose-related increases in pharmacodynamic heat pain assessments were observed in JNJ-39439335-treated participants, which persisted throughout the treatment with no signs of tolerance with repeated dosing. No effect on pharmacodynamic cold pain or mechanical pain assessments were seen. Effects on pharmacodynamic capsaicin-induced flare assessments in JNJ-39439335-treated participants versus placebo were consistent with effects observed with single-dose, and did not demonstrate tolerance with multiple dosing. In participants with knee osteoarthritis, significant improvements versus placebo were observed in a stair-climbing-induced pain model. All JNJ-39439335-treated participants reported ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE); most common (≥50% incidence) TEAEs in part 1 were feeling hot (79%), thermohypoesthesia (71%), paresthesia (58%) and feeling cold (50%), and in part 2, were minor thermal burns (50%).

Conclusions:

JNJ-39439335 (doses 2–50 mg) was well-tolerated, and associated with acceptable multiple-dose pharmacokinetic profile. JNJ-39439335 demonstrated sustained pharmacodynamic effects (heat pain perception, heat pain latency, capsaicin-induced flare), and an efficacy signal in participants with osteoarthritis pain.

Implications:

Given the efficacy signal observed and the unique safety profile, larger phase 2 studies are needed to better understand the potential of JNJ-39439335 in the treatment of chronic pain. Analgesic efficacy of lower doses administered over a longer period of time and improved patient counseling techniques to reduce the minor thermal burns can be explored to minimize the adverse events.
Eigene Anteile im Formwechsel
Authors: Schaper Martin
Published: February 2018

Die Behandlung eigener Anteile im Formwechsel ist bislang wenig beleuchtet worden. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Implikationen sich aus dem Halten eigener Anteile im Rahmen des Formwechsels ergeben und inwieweit eigene Anteile im Anschluss an den Formwechsel vom formgewechselten Rechtsträger gehalten werden dürfen. Besonders wird dabei auf das Schicksal von Pfandrechten an eigenen Anteilen eingegangen, die infolge des Formwechsels erlöschen. Schließlich stellt sich auch die Frage, ob die aktienrechtlichen Mitteilungspflichten der §§ 20, 21 AktG anwendbar sind und welche Besonderheiten hierbei mit Blick auf eigene Aktien nach einem Formwechsel zu beachten sind.
Ein Vorschlag für ein neues Verständnis von Joh 12,39–40
Authors: Förster Hans
Published: February 2018

John 12,40, a quote from Isaiah 6,10 (albeit in a wording which differs from the Septuagint), has been acknowledged as crux interpretum. In order to make things easier to understand, some modern translations insert “God” as the subject of John 12,40a. This insertion is against all known Greek witnesses. Moreover, it is unnecessary and – since “God” is not the subject of John 12,40a – misleading. An analysis of syntax and semantics reveals the grammatical errors of the traditional view of John 12,39–40. The newly analysed text is the basis of a new translation. If this proposed new meaning of the text is used for interpretation, there is no crux interpretum.
Fabrication of Protein Microparticles and Microcapsules with Biomolecular Tools
Authors: Cheung Kwan Yee , Lai Kwok Kei , Mak Wing Cheung
Published: February 2018

Microparticles have attracted much attention for medical, analytical and biological applications. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) templating method with the advantages of having narrow size distribution, controlled morphology and good biocompatibility that has been widely used for the synthesis of various protein-based microparticles. Despite CaCO3 template is biocompatible, most of the conventional methods to create stable protein microparticles are mainly driven by chemical crosslink reagents which may induce potential harmful effect and remains undesirable especially for biomedical or clinical applications. In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of protein microparticles and microcapsules with an innovative method using biomolecular tools such as enzymes and affinity molecules to trigger the assembling of protein molecules within a porous CaCO3 template followed by a template removal step. We demonstrated the enzyme-assisted fabrication of collagen microparticles triggered by transglutaminase, as well as the affinity-assisted fabrication of BSA-biotin avidin microcapsules triggered by biotin-avidin affinity interaction, respectively. Based on the different protein assemble mechanisms, the collagen microparticles appeared as a solid-structured particles, while the BSA-biotin avidin microcapsules appeared as hollow-structured morphology. The fabrication procedures are simple and robust that allows producing protein microparticles or microcapsules under mild conditions at physiological pH and temperature. In addition, the microparticle morphologies, protein compositions and the assemble mechanisms were studied. Our technology provides a facile approach to design and fabricate protein microparticles and microcapsules that are useful in the area of biomaterials, pharmaceuticals and analytical chemistry.
Monitoring Athlete Load: Data Collection Methods and Practical Recommendations
Authors: Wing Chris
Published: February 2018

COLLECTING DATA ABOUT ATHLETE LOAD ENABLES SUPPORT STAFF TO MAKE APPROPRIATE CHANGES TO AN ATHLETE OR TEAM'S TRAINING DOSE. THROUGH THIS CAREFUL MANIPULATION, ATHLETE INJURY AND ILLNESS OCCURRENCE CAN BE REDUCED. FURTHERMORE, ATHLETES CAN BE SAFELY RETURNED TO PLAY AFTER INJURY. THERE ARE SEVERAL DATA COLLECTION METHODS AVAILABLE WHICH INCLUDE: RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS, WELLNESS QUESTIONNAIRES, AND HEART RATE MEASURES. WHICH ONES TO ADOPT AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT THEM WITHIN PRACTICE CAN DEPEND ON SEVERAL FACTORS. ULTIMATELY, THE WAY IN WHICH THE DATA ARE USED TO INFORM PRACTICE IS THE KEY TO EFFECTIVE LOAD MANAGEMENT.
The Sync/deSync Model: How a Synchronized Hippocampus and a Desynchronized Neocortex Code Memories
Authors: Parish George , Hanslmayr Simon , Bowman Howard
Published: February 2018

Neural oscillations are important for memory formation in the brain. The desynchronization of alpha (10 Hz) oscillations in the neocortex has been shown to predict successful memory encoding and retrieval. However, when engaging in learning, it has been found that the hippocampus synchronizes in theta (4 Hz) oscillations, and that learning is dependent on the phase of theta. This inconsistency as to whether synchronization is “good” for memory formation leads to confusion over which oscillations we should expect to see and where during learning paradigm experiments. This paper seeks to respond to this inconsistency by presenting a neural network model of how a well functioning learning system could exhibit both of these phenomena, i.e., desynchronization of alpha and synchronization of theta during successful memory encoding.

We present a spiking neural network (the Sync/deSync model) of the neocortical and hippocampal system. The simulated hippocampus learns through an adapted spike-time dependent plasticity rule, in which weight change is modulated by the phase of an extrinsically generated theta oscillation. Additionally, a global passive weight decay is incorporated, which is also modulated by theta phase. In this way, the Sync/deSync model exhibits theta phase-dependent long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We simulated a learning paradigm experiment and compared the oscillatory dynamics of our model with those observed in single-cell and scalp-EEG studies of the medial temporal lobe. Our Sync/deSync model suggests that both the desynchronization of neocortical alpha and the synchronization of hippocampal theta are necessary for successful memory encoding and retrieval.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question is the role of rhythmic activation of neurons, i.e., how and why their firing oscillates between high and low rates. A particularly important question is how oscillatory dynamics between the neocortex and hippocampus support memory formation. We present a spiking neural-network model of such memory formation, with the central ideas that (1) in neocortex, neurons need to break out of an alpha oscillation to represent a stimulus (i.e., alpha desynchronizes), whereas (2) in hippocampus, the firing of neurons at theta facilitates formation of memories (i.e., theta synchronizes). Accordingly, successful memory formation is marked by reduced neocortical alpha and increased hippocampal theta. This pattern has been observed experimentally and gives our model its name—the Sync/deSync model.
From Lampedusa to the California Desert: Gianfranco Rosi's Scenes of Living and Dying
Authors: Wilson Emma
Published: February 2018

Gianfranco Rosi's Fuocoammare (Fire at Sea, 2016), won the Golden Bear at the 2016 Berlinale, was shown to the European parliament, distributed to heads of state by Matteo Renzi, and has become the contemporary film most closely associated with the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean. This article considers the film alongside Rosi's earlier film about Slab City, California, Below Sea Level (2008), previously little seen in the US. Wilson argues that Rosi is more than a filmmaker of the migrant tragedy in Europe, radically important though his vision is of this moment. With and beyond Fuocoammare, all his films look at extreme experiences of living and dying. Inspired by the work of philosopher and psychoanalyst Anne Dufourmantelle on secrecy, love, tenderness and risk, Wilson considers how Rosi's films achieve a closeness to their characters: a sensory and emotional immediacy, whilst refusing voyeurism and intrusion.
Oxygen-permeable microwell device maintains islet mass and integrity during shipping
Authors: Rojas-Canales Darling M , Waibel Michaela , Forget Aurelien , Penko Daniella , Nitschke Jodie , Harding Fran J , Delalat Bahman , Blencowe Anton , Loudovaris Thomas , Grey Shane T , Thomas Helen E , Kay Thomas W H , Drogemuller Chris J , Voelcker Nicolas H , Coates Patrick T
Published: February 2018

Islet transplantation is currently the only minimally invasive therapy available for patients with type 1 diabetes that can lead to insulin independence; however, it is limited to only a small number of patients. Although clinical procedures have improved in the isolation and culture of islets, a large number of islets are still lost in the pre-transplant period, limiting the success of this treatment. Moreover, current practice includes islets being prepared at specialized centers, which are sometimes remote to the transplant location. Thus, a critical point of intervention to maintain the quality and quantity of isolated islets is during transportation between isolation centers and the transplanting hospitals, during which 20–40% of functional islets can be lost. The current study investigated the use of an oxygen-permeable PDMS microwell device for long-distance transportation of isolated islets. We demonstrate that the microwell device protected islets from aggregation during transport, maintaining viability and average islet size during shipping.
Proximal Aortic Surgery: Upper “J” or Conventional Sternotomy?
Authors: Hastaoglu İsmail Oral , Tokoz Hamdi , Ozgen Ayca , Bilgen Fuat
Published: February 2018

Background: While minimally invasive procedures are being used in cardiac surgery, experience with minimally invasive proximal aortic surgery has been limited to certain centers.Methods: Between January 2010 and March 2015, 54 patients with an upper “J” hemi-sternotomy and 75 patients with a conventional sternotomy due to proximal aortic pathology were included in this study. Forty-five patients from the “J” hemi-sternotomy group were matched with 45 patients from the conventional sternotomy group with respect to age, sex, ejection fraction, diabetes, hypertension, smoking history and operative type. Perioperative variables were in-hospital mortality, surgery for revision, amount of blood loss, requirement for blood transfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross-clamp and unilateral cerebral protection times, duration of ventilation, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) and total hospital stay.Results: Patients were between 21-76 years with a mean age of 58.14 ± 11.06 years; 73.3% (n = 66) were male and 26.7% (n = 24) were female. Of all the cases included, 36.7% (n = 33) had isolated ascending aortic replacement, 41.1% (n = 37) had concomitant aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic replacement, and 22.2% (n = 20) had a Bentall procedure. Statistically, the amount of bleeding (P = .026), length of ventilation (P = .001), ICU (P = .001) and total hospital stay (P = .004) in the “J” hemi-sternotomy group were all found to be significantly lower than those in the conventional group.Conclusions: Minimally invasive techniques like an upper “J” hemi-sternotomy can be safely performed without prolonging the aortic clamp time, and with less blood loss, less ventilatory support, and shorter ICU and total hospital stays when compared to conventional methods.
A Case Report of Penicillin-Tolerant Streptococcus mitis Endocarditis Chang-Hua Chen, MD, MSc, PhD
Authors: Chen Chang-Hua
Published: February 2018

There is no clear relationship between the serum inhibition test and clinical outcome for Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) endocarditis. We report an 84-year-old male with endocarditis caused by penicillin-tolerant S. mitis. The results for the serum inhibitory test (SIT) and serum bactericidal test (SBT) showed a trough level of SIT = 1:256 and SBT = 1:4 and a peak level of SIT ≥ 1:1024 and SBT = 1:16. In addition, the SIT/SBT ratio was 64 at peak level and more than 64 at trough level, which is compatible with penicillin-tolerant S. mitis. Following a 42-day high-dose penicillin treatment (24 M IU/day, via a continuous drip), the patient made a good recovery. In vitro inhibitory and bactericidal test results were not a valid predictor of medical treatment failure. Physicians need to continue to evaluate the surgical indications when treating patients with S. mitis endocarditis.
Identifying the Risk Factor and Prevention of Limb Ischemia in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Femoral Artery Cannulation
Authors: Yen Chih-Chien , Kao Chih-Hong , Tsai Chien-Sung , Tsai Shin-Han
Published: February 2018

Objective: Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for life support has been widely used in various fields of resuscitation. When the common femoral artery (CFA) is used during cannulation for ECMO support in adults, it is often complicated by limb ischemia. Placement of distal perfusion catheter (DPC) can reduce the incidence of limb ischemia and increases the likelihood of limb preservation, but selection criteria is uncertain.Methods: This is a retrospective study. Data was reviewed for patients in one medical center who were supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) via CFA cannulation percutaneously between January 2008 and June 2014. Two groups were divided into no-ischemia and ischemic limb. Age, sex, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), cannula size, femoral artery diameter, comorbidity, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) and mortality rate were analyzed. Doppler was used by measuring the distal pulsation in the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery to select the patients. A DPC was prophylactically inserted percutaneously into the superficial femoral artery for antegrade flow to the extremity in the patients who met selection criteria.Results: 139 (43.6%) patients were included in the study and limb ischemia occurred in 46 (33%) of 139. There was a significant difference between the no-ischemia group and the ischemia group in age (55.5 ± 14.2 versus 63.2 ± 13.2; P < .001), common femoral artery diameter (0.82 ± 0.14 versus 0.63 ± 0.17; P < .001 ), known peripheral artery occlusive disease (9% versus 24%; P < .001) and VIS (12.1 ± 8.1 versus 15.8 ± 10.1; P < .001). Mortality rate was higher in the ischemia group (46% versus 26% ; P < .001). 11 patients who met the selection criteria had a DPC prophylactically inserted and no ischemia limb occurred.Conclusion: Smaller common femoral artery diameter (≤6.3 cm); known peripheral arterial occlusive disease; higher VIS (≥15.8); absence of distal pulsation pre-cannulation or immediately after post-cannulation or 4 hrs later have higher risk of limb ischemia when CFA cannulation is used for VA-ECMO. Due to this, the mortality and morbidity rate increases when limb ischemia occurs. A DPC should be prophylactically inserted in high-risk patients who meet selection criteria.
Temporary Epicardial Pacing After Valve Replacement: Incidence And Predictors
Authors: Abd elaziz Montaser Elsawy , Allama Amr Mohammad
Published: February 2018

Temporary pacemaker wires are usually inserted in patients after valve replacement and may be beneficial for optimizing myocardial function in patients that develop postoperative hemodynamically significant arrhythmias [Elmi 2002]. Indications for temporary cardiac pacing (TCP) are atrial, ventricular or atrioventricular pacing for bradyarrhythmias and for management of both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias [De Belder 1990; Liebold 1998].Pacemaker wires have two ends – one end has a small needle, which is passed into the myocardial surface, then is cut off. The needles may be coiled or clipped for better fixation. On the other end, the larger needle is used to penetrate the body wall, to pass the wire through to the body surface. There is debate about the ideal site for wire insertion, with agreement that the most common site of insertion is in the right ventricle [Hurle 2002]. The complications of PMWs include: bleeding, tamponade, arrhythmias, and even retention with its serious hazards [Kapoor 2011; Smith 2013]. During removal of PMWs, there may be atrial or ventricular lacerations which lead to bleeding and to developing tamponade. This may prolong the hospital stay of patients, especially patients on anticoagulant medications. This study was done on patients who received pacing wires during cardiac surgery. The purpose of the study was to predict risk factors that could lead to cardiac pacing after valve surgery.
RNA Interference (RNAi) Screening inDrosophila
Authors: Heigwer Florian , Port Fillip , Boutros Michael
Published: February 2018

In the last decade, RNA interference (RNAi), a cellular mechanism that uses RNA-guided degradation of messenger RNA transcripts, has had an important impact on identifying and characterizing gene function. First discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, RNAi can be used to silence the expression of genes through introduction of exogenous double-stranded RNA into cells. In Drosophila, RNAi has been applied in cultured cells or in vivo to perturb the function of single genes or to systematically probe gene function on a genome-wide scale. In this review, we will describe the use of RNAi to study gene function in Drosophila with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods applied in cultured cells. We will discuss available reagent libraries and cell lines, methodological approaches for cell-based assays, and computational methods for the analysis of high-throughput screens. Furthermore, we will review the generation and use of genome-scale RNAi libraries for tissue-specific knockdown analysis in vivo and discuss the differences and similarities with the use of genome-engineering methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 for functional analysis.
Characteristics of Children 2 to 5 Years of Age With Severe Obesity
Authors: Tester June M. , Phan Thao-Ly T. , Tucker Jared M. , Leung Cindy W. , Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Sweeney Brooke R. , Kirk Shelley , Tindall Alexis , Olivo-Marston Susan E. , Eneli Ihuoma U.
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

As a distinct group, 2- to 5-year-olds with severe obesity (SO) have not been extensively described. As a part of the Expert Exchange Workgroup on Childhood Obesity, nationally-representative data were examined to better characterize children with SO.

METHODS:

Children ages 2 to 5 (N = 7028) from NHANES (1999–2014) were classified as having normal weight, overweight, obesity, or SO (BMI ≥120% of 95th percentile). Sociodemographics, birth characteristics, screen time, total energy, and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores were evaluated. Multinomial logistic and linear regressions were conducted, with normal weight as the referent.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of SO was 2.1%. Children with SO had higher (unadjusted) odds of being a racial and/or ethnic minority (African American: odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; Hispanic: OR: 2.3). They were from households with lower educational attainment (OR: 2.4), that were single-parent headed (OR: 2.0), and that were in poverty (OR: 2.1). Having never been breastfed was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.5) and higher odds of SO (OR: 1.9). Odds of >4 hours of screen time were 1.5 and 2.0 for children with obesity and SO. Energy intake and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores were not significantly different in children with SO.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children ages 2 to 5 with SO appear to be more likely to be of a racial and/or ethnic minority and have greater disparities in social determinants of health than their peers and are more than twice as likely to engage in double the recommended screen time limit.
Estimating dynamic Panel data. A practical approach to perform long panels.
Authors: Labra Lillo Romilio , Torrecillas Celia
Published: February 2018

Panel data methodology is one of the most popular tools for quantitative analyses in the field of social sciences, particularly on topics related to economics and business. This technique allows us simultaneously addressing individual effects, numerous periods, and in turn, the endogeneity of the model or independent regressors. Despite these advantages, there are several methodological and practical limitations to perform estimations using this tool. Two types of models can be estimated with Panel data. While those of static nature have been the most developed, for performing dynamic models still remain some theoretical and practical constraints. This paper focus precisely on the latter, dynamics panel data, using an approach that combines theory and praxis, and paying special attention on estimations with macro database, that is to say, dataset with a long period of time and a small number of individuals, also called long panels.
Uso da simulação no ensino da anestesiologia em escola de medicina
Authors: Aquino Régis Borges , Smania Maria Cristina
Published: February 2018

AIMS: To report the experience with teaching of anesthesiology to medical students in a practical and interactive way, using simulators in clinical scenarios of anesthesia with predetermined tasks.EXPERIENCE REPORT: In the Medical School of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul simulated clinical settings are used in general anesthesia and anesthetic blockage teaching. Complete equipment and drugs specific to each simulation are available. Students have direct performance in the simulator to perform in the presented situations. For each conduct, choice of drugs and doses required, filming are performed with the purpose of fixing and improve knowledge.CONCLUSIONS: Medical teaching of anesthesiology with the use of simulators tends to be increasingly used, since it inserts the student in simulated situations close to the reality of the anesthetic process, in an interactive and attractive way without the real risk. Clinical situations of anesthesia or complications can be repeated until the fixation of knowledge and skills, before facing a situation with real patients.
Eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno en maíz fertilizado de forma orgánica y mineral
Authors: Sosa-Rodrigues Breno Augusto , García-Vivas Yuly Samanta
Published: February 2018

The sustainable production of grains, such as corn, has a national and global priority in order to safeguard food security and the environment that have a controversy finding a balance between productivity and the generated pollution. This research evaluates the dynamics of N (nitrogen) in soil and plant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects that the use of organic fertilizers (OF) and conventional mineral fertilization (CMF) can provoke on the efficiency of N use in corn crops. The maize cultivation happened at the Atlantic Coastal Regional Center University (CURLA), Honduras, and the Tuxpeño corn variety was planted between the months of June to December of 2015. The experimental design consisted on random complete blocks with five treatments and four repetitions. They evaluated different crop phonological stages, in soil they evaluated: total N, ammonium, nitrate, temperature, and volumetric moisture; and in the plant they evaluated: N, dry grain yield, efficiency of nutrient use for N in terms of agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), and recovery efficiency (ER). The CMF and the OF generated relevant changes in the dynamics of N in soil and plant, mineral fertilization promoted a greater efficiency of nitrogen use in corn according to the indicators of: agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, and grain yield.
The Need for Integrating the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle in the United States of America
Authors: Bonano Evaristo J. , Kalinina Elena A. , Swift Peter N.
Published: February 2018

Current practice for commercial spent nuclear fuel management in the United States of America (US) includes storage of spent fuel in both pools and dry storage cask systems at nuclear power plants. Most storage pools are filled to their operational capacity, and management of the approximately 2,200 metric tons of spent fuel newly discharged each year requires transferring older and cooler fuel from pools into dry storage. In the absence of a repository that can accept spent fuel for permanent disposal, projections indicate that the US will have approximately 134,000 metric tons of spent fuel in dry storage by mid-century when the last plants in the current reactor fleet are decommissioned. Current designs for storage systems rely on large dual-purpose (storage and transportation) canisters that are not optimized for disposal. Various options exist in the US for improving integration of management practices across the entire back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.
The Gospel of Eve
Authors: Deese Richard Samuel
Published: February 2018

At the dawn of the scientific revolution, Francis Bacon declared its goal: to recover the estate of Adam and restore man's prelapsarian dominion over nature.  Bacon's analogy makes little sense as a rationale for scientific inquiry, however, since Adam's distinguishing virtue in the opening verses of Genesis was his incurious obedience. The animating spirit of science has always been the impudent curiosity of Eve, who conversed with the serpent and dared, in defiance of the threat of death, to taste the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge. As we apply the fruits of scientific inquiry to the creation of new technologies, this contrast between the mythical mother and father of our species takes on a fatal significance. If we aim to recover the estate of Adam we put science in the service of complacent comfort and an incurious domination of nature that will end in catastrophe. When we embrace the gospel of Eve, we engage in a conversation with nature that is inspired by that transcendent curiosity which Einstein identified as "the cosmic religious sense." Informed by this ethos, the fundamental goal of science is not to reclaim an impossible mastery over nature nor to banish death, but to deepen our engagement with life itself.
Educational Handoffs between Medical School and Residency: A National Survey of Residency Program Directors
Authors: Cooper Avraham Z. , Walker Curt , Splinter Ansley , Khan Meena , Schaffernocker Troy , Verbeck Nicole , Kman Nicholas , McCallister Jennifer W.
Published: February 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Educational handoffs between medical schools and residency may facilitate the transition into graduate medical education. Attitudes of residency program directors about handoffs are largely unknown. Objective: This study assessed the opinions of residency program directors from four specialties, regarding information sharing between medical schools and residencies, and whether they desire student performance data post-match, including milestones, competency and entrustable professional activity (EPA) achievement, and capstone or boot camp-based performance data. Methods: In 2017 a thirteen question survey was sent to program directors from internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and obstetrics/gynecology. Responses were anonymous and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: Twenty percent of program directors surveyed submitted a survey (187 out of 950). Fifty-nine percent reported that unexpected remedial issues often arise within the first 6 months of internship. Twenty-four percent stated that information currently received is adequate to structure the learning environment of individual residents. Seventy-seven percent responded that they desire access to EPA-based information; seventy-four percent to milestone or competency-based data; eighty-two percent to performance data from fourth-year capstone courses or boot camps. No significant differences were found between specialties. Concerns were raised by respondents about the validity and reliability of performance metrics that would be shared with program directors. Conclusions: The majority of the program directors who responded to this survey indicated that they desire access to and would utilize medical student performance data post-match, though concerns were raised about the validity and reliability of proposed metrics.
Queering the Medical Curriculum: How to Design, Develop, Deliver and Assess Learning Outcomes Relevant to LGBT Health for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Dudar Karly J , Ghaderi Golnaz , Gallant Jennifer , Dickinson Joël , Abourbih Jacques , Briggs Marion
Published: February 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons have specific healthcare needs, and experience unique barriers in accessing health services. Research has suggested that medical practitioners are inadequately prepared to address the needs of the LGBT population. While some strategies for training such practitioners within medical schools have been proposed, few have been evaluated, and the best approach to training physicians in LGBT-focused care has yet to be determined. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the LGBT-focused curriculum currently delivered at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, specifically in terms of its perceived contribution to students' understanding of LGBT health issues. Results showed that the curriculum introduced at NOSM was effective in increasing knowledge medical students had on LGBT health issues regardless of their pre-existing level of awareness of LGBT health issues. Further, the study found that the level of experience and expertise of the facilitator helping deliver the curriculum was key in achieving this educational goal. We also evaluated three assessment modalities (Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), and Clinical Decision-Making Cases (CDM)) for validity and reliability in testing the course objectives. Results indicate that outcomes can be reliably assessed by these three types of assessments.
A Phase II Trial of Selinexor, an Oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export Compound, in Abiraterone- and/or Enzalutamide-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao X. , Siegel Adam P. , Aggarwal Rahul , Lin Amy M. , Friedlander Terence W. , Fong Lawrence , Kim Won , Louttit Mirela , Chang Emily , Zhang Li , Ryan Charles J.
Published: February 2018

Lessons Learned

In abiraterone- and/or enzalutamide-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, selinexor led to prostate-specific antigen and/or radiographic responses in a subset of patients, indicating clinical activity in this indication. Despite twice-a-week dosing and maximal symptomatic management, selinexor was associated with significant anorexia, nausea, and fatigue in mCRPC patients refractory to second-generation anti-androgen therapies, limiting further clinical development in this patient population. This study highlights the challenge of primary endpoint selection for phase II studies in the post-abiraterone and/or post-enzalutamide mCRPC space.

Background

Selinexor is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound that specifically inhibits the nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO-1), leading to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins.

Methods

This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) refractory to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide.

Results

Fourteen patients were enrolled. Selinexor was initially administered at 65 mg/m2 twice a week (days 1 and 3) and was subsequently reduced to 60 mg flat dose twice a week (days 1 and 3), 3 weeks on, 1 week off, to improve tolerability. The median treatment duration was 13 weeks. At a median follow-up of 4 months, two patients (14%) had ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, and seven patients (50%) had any PSA decline. Of eight patients with measurable disease at baseline, two (25%) had a partial response and four (50%) had stable disease as their best radiographic response. Five patients (36%) experienced serious adverse events (SAEs; all unrelated to selinexor), and five patients (36%) experienced treatment-related grade 3–4 AEs. The most common drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any severity were anorexia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Three patients (21%) came off study for unacceptable tolerability.

Conclusion

Selinexor demonstrated clinical activity and poor tolerability in mCRPC patients refractory to second-line anti-androgenic agents.
Vision-based systems for structural deformation measurement: case studies
Authors: Xu Yan , Brownjohn James Mark William
Published: February 2018

Vision-based systems offer a promising way to measure displacement and are receiving increased attention in civil structural monitoring. However, the working performance of vision-based systems, especially their measurement accuracy and robustness to different field conditions, is not fully understood. This study reports three cases studies of vision-based monitoring tests including one in a laboratory, one on a short-span bridge and one on a long-span bridge. The tracking accuracy is quantified in laboratory conditions in the range from 0·02 to 0·20 pixel, depending on the target patterns as well as the tracking method selected. The measurement performance under several field challenges is investigated, including long-range measurement (e.g. camera-to-target distance of 710 m), low-contrast target patterns, changes of target patterns and changes in lighting conditions. Three representative tracking methods for the video processing, namely, correlation-based template matching, Lucas–Kanade optical flow estimation and scale-invariant feature transform were used for the analysis, indicating their advantages and shortcomings for field measurement. One of the main observations in field application is that changes in lighting conditions might cause some low-frequency measurement errors that could be misunderstood without prior knowledge regarding structural loading conditions.
Hierarquização das cadeias produtivas: diagnóstico das atividades econômicas de Gramado (RS)
Authors: Dhein Griebeler Marcos Paulo , Berti Franciele , Matte Junior Alexandre Aloys
Published: February 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características e as principais atividades econômicas do município de Gramado (RS), destacando de forma sintetizada a relevância de cada uma delas. A partir da identificação e hierarquização das principais cadeias produtivas, apresentam-se atividades com possível capacidade de promover o desenvolvimento econômico de Gramado e região. Além disso, discorre-se acerca de sugestões de ações para fomentar a economia por meio destas. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados fornecidos pela Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) de 2015. No que tange as atividades agropecuárias, estas foram identificadas pelo QL agropecuário com base na Produção Agrícola Municipal (PAM) e Pesquisa Pecuária Municipal (PPM). Para fins de análise, utilizou-se a medida de especialização Quociente Locacional (QL), sugerida por Paiva (2006), visando identificar as cadeias mais representativas do município. Além disso, para este estudo de natureza quantitativo e qualitativo, o procedimento metodológico compreendeu, inicialmente, revisão bibliográfica, buscando aprofundar o indicador quociente locacional. Realizou-se, também, pesquisa documental em obras que narram a trajetória do município e observação assistemática (MARKONI e LAKATOS, 2017) no recorte espacial. O estudo permitiu confirmar que o turismo é notavelmente o elemento articulador. Além deste, Chocolate, móveis e construção civil já estão associados à atividade turística. Na sequência, Frutas, podem vir a se articular. A fabricação de ferramentas e a cutelaria mostraram-se independentes da atividade turística, no entanto, estas também podem ser combinadas com o turismo para incrementar o desenvolvimento das mesmas.
Breakout Session: Empowering Fair Use Decisions in Higher Education: Developing Copyright Instruction for 90 Minutes or Less. Presented by Ben Harnke, Education & Reference Librarian, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library, John Jones, Instruction & Curriculum Librarian, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library, and Meghan Damour, Reference Intern, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library.
Authors: Mayer Jennifer
Published: February 2018

The presenters shared their experiences and strategies for effective fair use instruction for researchers and faculty members at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. The session featured multiple discussion prompts, in order to allow for audience participation. Specific themes and practical tips about fair use instruction included obstacles and challenges, developing the fair use class session, and planning and logistics. Links to supplementary presentation material and tools are provided.
Breakout Session: Copyright for Authors: Ideas, Activities, and Discussion Points
Authors: Pavy Jeanne
Published: February 2018

Sara Benson, Copyright Librarian for the University of Illinois Library, provided a dynamic, interactive train-the-trainers session. The presentation was based on a chapter she wrote for a forthcoming book to be published by the Association of College and Research Libraries.  Benson reviewed basic information about copyright, including what is required to secure a copyright, what is protected, and what is not.  She also addressed the specific issues involved in joint authorship and work-for-hire situations.  Throughout the presentation Benson reminded the audience that authors should be encouraged to pay close attention to publishing agreements and to take an active role in negotiating the retention of appropriate author rights.  After completing her presentation, Benson engaged the audience in reviewing actual author agreements and role-playing the negotiation of an author agreement between an author and publisher.  The session concluded with a question-and-answer period that engendered lively discussions on other copyright issues and related scholarly communication topics.
Navigating Copyright in Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Authors: Phillips Gesina A.
Published: February 2018

Graduate students completing an electronic thesis or dissertation (ETD) may encounter issues related to copyright, either their own or that held by others, at several points throughout the creation and submission of their ETD. Since ETDs are often hosted in an institutional repository or other online collection hosted by the library, library personnel involved in the process must be aware of these points of failure and understand the nuances of copyright with regard to reuse of materials, their institution’s policies governing student scholarship, and the policies of their institutional repository or online collection. This poster will review the relevant literature related to copyright and ETDs, outline the major junctures where librarians may contribute to copyright education for graduate students (and others), and offer suggestions for librarians seeking to engage with graduate students completing their ETDs.
Show Me the Copyright: Using Game Techniques to Teach Copyright Law
Authors: Bowley Chealsye
Published: February 2018

Teaching copyright law and fair use can be a challenge. The audience’s eyes might glaze over. Even if an audience is attentive, how do you know if the information is being understood? Using game techniques and role playing can give the presenter immediate feedback on if information is being retained, and allow an audience to immediately utilize the taught information. The poster presents fun, engaging strategies used in university workshops for using familiar games to teach copyright law to students and colleagues. Example questions of a Jeopardy! style game and role playing scenarios were included during the poster session
Turning Wrongs into Rights: Implementation of RightsStatements.org at Washington University
Authors: Zeller Micah
Published: February 2018

As many librarians who work with digital collections know, ambiguous or meaningless rights statements can cause confusion and limit downstream use of materials. Following DPLA and Europeana's lead in drafting simple, standardized terms that help metadata contributors more effectively communicate copyright and re-use status of digital objects, we evaluated materials in 50+ exhibits at Washington University Libraries in order to assign each an appropriate statement from RightsStatements.org and help facilitate the same for other contributors to the Missouri Hub. This poster focuses on the implementation of project statements and recommendations. Its purpose is to share and discuss practical steps and workflows that organizations can use to assign statements to materials in their own collections. This is rooted in the perspective of a medium-sized organization, with fairly typical staffing, that contributes to DPLA via participation in a regional service hub, but may be relevant to platforms and institutions of all types. The goal is to provide concrete help with evaluating the underlying status of items by collection and deciding which statement to apply. This may involve risk assessment and/or judgment calls, and the poster outlines a few factors that were considered and how decisions were made.
A New Frontier: Incorporating Copyright into Distance Education
Authors: Becker Rachel , Edson Shauna Borger
Published: February 2018

Copyright law and fair use have evolved over time to allow educators to use materials in the classroom for face to face instruction. Online instruction has opened up many new possibilities for both students and faculty. However, it has created new areas for copyright infringement to occur, both unintentionally and otherwise. This poster will show how the University of Wisconsin-Parkside Library is making it easier for online instructors to use library resources in their courses. Key components include: instruction on copyright law for new online instructors, online library copyright guide, and our new streaming media policy. This poster will offer some tips on how the library can build copyright into distance and online education programs and make copyright understandable.
Escrito en la piel. Efectos de las representaciones sociales en mujeres afrodescendientes residentes en Cali
Authors: Arboleda Hurtado Nayibe Katherine
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo de investigación pretende develar algunos efectos de las representaciones socialmente racializadas y sexualizadas en las experiencias de vida de las mujeres afrodescendientes residentes en Cali y las formas como estas se materializan en la vida cotidiana. De igual modo, intenta propiciar una lectura crítica sobre la violencia hacia las mujeres, la cual posibilite nuevas interpretaciones a la hora de realizar estudios de género.
Thrombophilia gene mutations in relation to recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Abdelsalam Tawfik , Karkour Tarek , Elbordiny Magdy , Shalaby Dina , Abouzeid Ziad S.
Published: February 2018

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is multifactorial involving clinical and biological risk factors. Evidence addressed the association of inherited thrombophilia with recurrent pregnancy loss and other serious pregnancy complications. However, the relation between thrombophilia associated gene mutations and adverse obstetric outcome is controversial and data in the literature are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thrombophilia associated gene mutations (factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene G20210A and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T) in relation to recurrent miscarriage.Methods: Case control study conducted on 200 women recruited from Elshatby Maternity Hospital clinics. The cases group included 100 women with history of three or more unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses, while 100 healthy age matched women with no history of recurrent miscarriages served as controls. Blood samples were collected from all women enrolled in the study for DNA extraction and genotype analysis. Factor V, prothrombin and MTHFR gene mutations were assayed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-hybridization.Results: The prevalence of Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations did not differ significantly between cases and controls. However, MTHFR C667T mutations and the total prevalence of the three gene mutations were significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls (p=0.001, p=0.003 respectively). The prevalence of combined thrombophilia of Factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T was significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls (p=0.032). Regarding homozygosity of each of the gene mutations, no homozygosity was detected in controls and heterozygotes were significantly increased in the patients group compared to homozygotes.Conclusions: MTHFR mutations and the total prevalence of the three gene mutations were significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of combined thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T) in the patients group compared to controls without involvement of prothrombin gene.