bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past and future changes of streamflow in Poyang Lake Basin, Southeastern China
Authors: Sun S. L. , Chen H. S. , Ju W. M. , Song J. , Li J. J. , Ren Y. J. , Sun J.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. To understand the causes of the past water cycle variations and the influence of climate variability on the streamflow, lake storage, and flood potential, we analyze the changes in streamflow and the underlying drivers in four typical watersheds (Gaosha, Meigang, Saitang, and Xiashan) within the Poyang Lake Basin, based on the meteorological observations at 79 weather stations, and datasets of streamflow and river level at four hydrological stations for the period of 1961-2000. The contribution of different climate factors to the change in streamflow in each watershed is estimated quantitatively using the water balance equations. Results show that in each watershed, the annual streamflow exhibits an increasing trend from 1961–2000. The increases in streamflow by 4.80 m3 s−1 yr−1 and 1.29 m3 s−1 yr−1 at Meigang and Gaosha, respectively, are statistically significant at the 5% level. The increase in precipitation is the biggest contributor to the streamflow increment in Meigang (3.79 m3 s−1 yr−1), Gaosha (1.12 m3 s−1 yr−1), and Xiashan (1.34 m3 s−1 yr−1), while the decrease in evapotranspiration is the major factor controlling the streamflow increment in Saitang (0.19 m3 s−1 yr−1). In addition, radiation and wind contribute more than actual vapor pressure and mean temperature to the changes in evapotranspiration and streamflow for the four watersheds. For revealing the possible change of streamflow due to the future climate change, we also investigate the projected precipitation and evapotranspiration from of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) under three greenhouse gases emission scenarios (SRESA1B, SRESA2 and SRESB1) for the period of 2061–2100. When the future changes in the soil water storage changes are assumed ignorable, the streamflow shows an uptrend with the projected increases in both precipitation and evapotranspiration (except for the SRESB1 scenario in Xiashan watershed) relative to the observed mean during 1961–2000. Furthermore, the largest increase in the streamflow is found at Meigang (+4.31%) and Xiashan (+3.84%) under the SRESA1B scenario, while the increases will occur at Saitang (+6.87%) and Gaosha (+5.15%) under the SRESB1 scenario.
Area change of glaciers in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, 1919 to 2006
Authors: Tennant C. , Menounos B. , Wheate R.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. We used Interprovincial Boundary Commission Survey (IBCS) maps of the Alberta–British Columbia (BC) border (1903–1924), BC Terrain Resource Information Management (TRIM) data (1982–1987), and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery (2000–2002 and 2006) to document planimetric changes in glacier cover in the Central and Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains between 1919 and 2006. Total glacierized area decreased by 590 ± 100 km2 (40 ± 7%), with 17 of 523 glaciers disappearing and 124 glaciers fragmenting into multiple ice masses. Fourteen of the glaciers that disappeared were less than 0.5 km2, and glaciers smaller than 1.0 km2 experienced the greatest relative area loss (64 ± 17%). Variation in area loss increased with small glaciers, suggesting local topographic setting controls the response of these glaciers to climate change. Absolute area loss negatively correlates with slope and minimum elevation, and relative area change negatively correlates with mean and median elevations. Similar average rates of area change were observed for the periods 1919–1985 and 1985–2001, at −6.3 ± 0.9 km2 yr−1 (−0.4 ± 0.1% yr−1) and −5.0 ± 0.5 km2 yr−1 (−0.3 ± 0.1% yr−1), respectively. The rate of area loss significantly increased for the period 2001–2006, −19.3 ± 2.4 km2 yr−1 (−1.3 ± 0.2% yr−1), with continued high minimum and accumulation season temperature anomalies and variable precipitation anomalies.
Making It Sound - The Performative Qatal and Its Explanation
Authors: Andrason Alexander
Published: July 2012

The Biblical Hebrew (henceforth, BH) suffix conjugation qatal— besides other meanings and functions1—is occasionally employed in order to perform acts (1.a) rather than to describe a situation or an activity (1.b). This means that, if determined conventional cir- cumstances are respected, the fact of uttering a given proposition with the verb in the qatal triggers a new state in the speaker’s reality. This is what scholars have been referring to as the ‘performative qatal,’ a use of the suffix conjugation where it appears2 with a clear performative force. This particular sense or function of the BH gram3 constitutes the object of the present paper.
Reversing Agro-Based Land Degradation through Conservation Agriculture: Emerging Experiences from Zambia’s Smallholder Farming Sector
Authors: Umar Bridget Bwalya
Published: July 2012

This study reports on the land degradation minimizing effects of Conservation Agriculture (CA) as promoted among smallholder Zambian farmers. It found no evidence of CA associated improvements in soil fertility after five years of CA practice, most probably because crop residues were removed from the fields. The study reports high phosphorus (15.53 mg kg-1) and potassium (0.75 cmol kg-1) levels, low nitrogen (0.12 %) and organic carbon (1.19 %) levels, and no plough/hoe pans in soils from both CA and conventionally (CV) managed fields. This is in part contrary to the dominant land degradation narratives which have been the basis for promoting CA in the study areas. Faidherbia albida, a leguminous tree promoted as part of the CA package in Zambia, is associated with significantly higher levels of nitrogen, organic carbon and potassium under its canopy. Its planting by CA farmers is linked to the incentives provided by CA promoters. Average maize yields of 3.8 t ha-1 and 2.8 t ha-1 were reported under CA and CV systems respectively. Government subsidies for mineral fertilizer and hybrid seed promote maize mono-cropping and remain unsupportive of CA. It is concluded that the dominant land degradation narrative, which posits population induced land degradation, may not hold in this case. Instead, the removal of crop residues and low levels of mineral fertilizer and manure amendments may better explain the soil fertility status of the study areas. More nutrient replacement strategies are required if the benefits of CA on soil fertility are to be actualized in the immediate future.
Outside Case Review of Surgical Pathology for Referred Patients: The Impact on Patient Care
Authors: Swapp Ryan E. , Aubry Marie Christine , Salomão Diva R. , Cheville John C.
Published: July 2012

Context.— Original surgical pathology materials from external sources are reviewed by our pathologists for referred patients before their clinical evaluation and treatment.

Objective.— To identify the rate of major disagreements with diagnoses from external institutions and to characterize the nature and impact of discordant diagnoses on patient care.

Design.— We identified and reviewed all surgical pathology cases, except for medical liver, medical renal, and cardiac pathology cases, for the period between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2010, to determine the overall frequency of major disagreements, defined as any change in diagnosis having a substantial impact on patient management.

Results.— Our review of 71 811 cases initially examined between 2005 and 2010 identified 457 major disagreements (0.6%). The most frequent areas of disagreement were gastrointestinal (80 cases; 17.5%), lymph node (73; 16.0%), bone/soft tissue (47; 10.3%), and genitourinary (43; 9.4%). For a subset of 166 cases reviewed between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010, follow-up data were available for 140 (84.3%). Treatment was affected by a changed diagnosis in 126 cases (90.0%), and prognosis was affected in 129 cases (92.1%). For 86 (51.8%) of the 166 cases, additional tissue was obtained. Revised diagnoses concurred with follow-up tissue diagnosis in 84.9% (73 cases), whereas they differed from follow-up tissue diagnosis in 15.1% (13 cases).

Conclusions.— Our findings demonstrate the value of outside case review of pathology materials for referred patients, and suggest that it decreases the likelihood of diagnostic errors and provides better protection for patients.
La traduction de la terminologie philosophique
Authors: Brownlie Siobhan
Published: July 2012

Après avoir examiné certaines caractéristiques générales de la terminologie philosophique qui sont importantes pour la traduction des termes, l’auteur aborde la traduction du lexique philosophique dans un corpus de textes, mettant en évidence la différence entre le traitement des termes techniques et celui du lexique général. L’examen plus détaillé du corpus permet de complexifier cette perspective binaire. L’auteur s’attache ensuite à trouver l’explication des pratiques traductionnelles dégagées, ce qui nécessite d’explorer le contexte social où circulent les termes traduits.
Applying Frame Semantics to Translation: A Practical Example
Authors: Rojo López Ana María
Published: July 2012

This work intends to illustrate some of the contributions the semantic theory known as ‘Frame Semantics’ can make to the translation of cultural elements. The study starts by defining the objectives and basic concepts that constitute our model of analysis. Secondly, a typology of frames for the analysis of our examples is proposed. Later on, this typology is applied to the analysis of a number of examples extracted from David Lodge’s novel Small World and its translation into Spanish El Mundo es un Pañuelo. Finally, we summarize the main conclusion of the study.
Keynes, une économie politique du capitalisme financier?
Authors: Tutin Christian
Published: July 2012

Pour Keynes, le blocage de l’investissement à l’origine du chômage massif résulte du fonctionnement normal du système monétaire et financier. Parce qu’elle entraîne l’absence d’ajustement automatique de l’investissement et de l’épargne, l’indépendance du taux d’intérêt par rapport à l’épargne courante joue un rôle décisif dans cette explication. La récursivité du modèle keynésien repose ainsi entièrement sur la théorie monétaire de l’intérêt, malheureusement inacceptable en l’état. Trois pistes ont été ouvertes par Keynes pour justifier l’autonomie de l’intérêt : la notion de double circulation, introduite dans leTraité de la monnaie, le processus d’alignement des taux de rendement sur le taux monétaire présenté au chapitre 17 de laThéorie générale, et la notion de convention financière du chapitre 12, portant sur l’évaluation nominale du stock de capital. Cette dernière semble la plus prometteuse. Elle débouche sur l’idée que ce sont les marchés financiers, en tant que marchés de stocks, qui imposent une contrainte globale à l’investissement, rompant ainsi le jeu des interdépendances, en même temps qu’ils rendent les entrepreneurs dépendants d’une évaluation nominale de leur capital qui leur échappe. Suivre cette piste implique l’abandon de la théorie monétaire de l’intérêt telle que l’a formulée Keynes au profit d’une théorie du capital financier.
Pour une théorie de l’institution monétaire : actualité du Treatise on Money*
Authors: Pineault Éric
Published: July 2012

Dans la première partie du Treatise on Money, Keynes se penche sur la nature de la monnaie en développant une approche que l’on peut qualifier « d’institutionnaliste ». Celle-ci inspire actuellement un foisonnement de travaux hétérodoxes sur la monnaie comme institution économique (Aglietta et Cartelier, 1999 ; Smithin, 2000). Nous souhaitons montrer qu’une théorie sociohistorique de l’institution monétaire peut puiser certains éléments conceptuels fondamentaux dans le Treatise on Money. Celui-ci contient des matériaux essentiels à la reconstruction de la sociologie de l’argent à partir d’une théorie de la monnaie comme unité de compte/moyen de paiement et d’une analyse du mode de production sociale de la monnaie-bancaire en tant qu’institution économique typiquement moderne.
Une ambiguïté de la relation entre Keynes et Malthus : Rejet de la loi de Say, monnaie et rapport salarial
Authors: Martin Catherine
Published: July 2012

Il est connu que Keynes se sentait une filiation avec Malthus, concernant la possibilité d’une déficience de la demande effective, et la nécessité d’en rendre compte de manière conforme à la « réalité », « au monde dans lequel nous vivons effectivement ». À partir d’une analyse de Malthus concernant les crises de surproduction générale, nous montrons que cette parenté est plus problématique que ce que Keynes laisse entendre. En effet, contrairement à ce qu’affirme ce dernier, la réalité dont Malthus cherchait à rendre compte n’était pas la monnaie – qui finalement reste neutre dans son analyse – mais la spécificité de la relation capital-travail salarié.
Keynes et Pigou sur le salaire monétaire et l’emploi : une synthèse du débat
Authors: Béraud Alain
Published: July 2012

Cet article étudie les effets sur l’emploi d’une baisse des salaires monétaires et la question de l’existence d’un équilibre de plein emploi. Il présente la position que Keynes a défendue sur ces problèmes et les critiques qui lui furent adressées par Pigou.
Conférence François-Albert-Angers 2004
Authors: Chiappori Pierre-André
Published: July 2012

Dans cet article, on étudie en quoi l’introduction d’une approche collective modifie les analyses de bien-être classiques en théorie du consommateur. Après avoir défini et caractérisé les principaux concepts, on décrit deux logiques possibles, celle de la « compensation potentielle » et celle de la « compensation effective ». On discute ensuite de leurs implications.
Déplacements domicile-travail en Île-de-France et choix individuels du mode de transport
Authors: De Lapparent Matthieu
Published: July 2012

Nous étudions dans cet article le choix du mode de transport pour un déplacement domicile-travail au sein de la région Île-de-France dans un ensemble à deux modalités : véhicule particulier ou transports en commun. Nous modélisons la présence d’effets indirects liés aux autres dimensions de la demande de transport et l’existence d’hétérogénéité des goûts dans la population observée. Nous spécifions, identifions et estimons par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance simulée un modèle Logit à paramètres aléatoires. Les résultats sont nombreux et réalistes : dispersion des goûts concernant les attributs de transports et les variables socio-économiques, corrélation positive entre valeur du temps et niveau de la congestion, rejet de l’axiome IIA.
Les déterminants des investissements directs européens dans les pays d’Europe Centrale et Orientale
Authors: Dupuch Sébastien , Milan Christelle
Published: July 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux déterminants des investissements directs étrangers européens dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. L’estimation est effectuée en données de panel et porte sur la période 1993-1998. Nous montrons que les écarts de coûts salariaux entre les PECO ne constituent pas un facteur déterminant des investissements étrangers contrairement au différentiel de salaire entre les pays de l’Union européenne (UE) et les pays candidats. L’effet du capital humain apparaît sensible à la construction de la variable d’éducation et au choix de l’échantillon tandis que l’importance de la taille des marchés, de la proximité géographique et du choix de méthode de privatisation contribuent à expliquer les flux d’investissements directs européens à destination des PECO.
Choix de consommation des ménages en présence de plusieurs décideurs
Authors: Dauphin Anyck , El Lahga Abdel-Rahmen , Fortin Bernard , Lacroix Guy
Published: July 2012

Récemment, un nouveau cadre théorique d’analyse s’est développé dans le but d’analyser les comportements des ménages avec deux conjoints. Cette approche, qualifiée de modèle collectif, suppose que chaque conjoint a des préférences individuelles et que les choix du ménage sont Pareto-optimaux. Toutefois, les études empiriques réalisées jusqu’à maintenant sur les modèles collectifs ont porté essentiellement sur des ménages à deux décideurs et ignorent le comportement des ménages qui en comptent potentiellement un plus grand nombre (p. ex., couples vivant avec des enfants adultes ou avec des personnes âgées dans les pays développés, familles élargies dans les pays en développement). Le but de cet article est double : dans un premier temps, nous présentons de façon synthétique les principaux tests qui ont été proposés pour vérifier empiriquement les contraintes du modèle collectif dans un tel contexte. Nous proposons également un test qui s’avère être équivalent à un autre test présenté dans la littérature mais qui dans certains cas s’avère plus facile à mettre en oeuvre. Dans un deuxième temps, nous testons le modèle collectif à plusieurs décideurs à l’aide d’une enquête sur des microdonnées britanniques. L’échantillon retenu comprend des couples avec un enfant de 16 ans et plus. Les résultats rejettent le modèle collectif avec un ou deux décideurs mais ne le rejettent pas dans le cas de trois décideurs.
A Corpus-based Study of Spanish Translations of the Verb ‘report’ in Biomedical Research Articles
Authors: Williams Ian A.
Published: July 2012

This paper describes an empirical contextual study of the Spanish verbs that translate ‘report’ carried out on an extensive corpus of medical research articles. A quantitative analysis revealed significant differences between the lexical choices made by the translators and those made by native Spanish authors. The contextual analysis showed that reporting occurs in three basic settings, namely, the institutional setting, the community and patient setting, and the research setting. In the latter, research referred to the current study (i.e., the new clinical study presented in the article), to previous research by the same authors, or to other authors’ published work. Within these contexts, consideration of linguistic factors such as collocation, sentence structure and specific features of the communicative situation allows the translator to make the appropriate lexical choices for the wide range of uses of the polysemous English verb ‘report.’
La concurrence entre gouvernements est-elle bénéfique? *
Authors: Marceau Nicolas
Published: July 2012

Dans cet article, nous tentons de répondre à deux questions : (1) La concurrence entre gouvernements est-elle bénéfique? (2) Si la réponse à cette question est non, peut-on corriger les problèmes qui découlent de cette concurrence?
Les déterminants des entrées de capitaux en Asie : quel rôle pour les stratégies de carry trade?
Authors: Brana Sophie , Lahet Delphine
Published: July 2012

Le retour massif des capitaux dans les pays asiatiques, de 2003 à 2007, a rappelé la situation d’avant la crise financière de 1997. L’une des explications avancées est l’abondance de la liquidité mondiale ainsi que le niveau élevé des positions de carry trade, notamment avec le yen comme monnaie de financement. Cet article étudie les déterminants des entrées de capitaux en Thaïlande, puis sur un groupe de quatre économies asiatiques, entre 1990 et 2007, en prenant en compte explicitement le comportement des investisseurs internationaux, à travers les stratégies de carry trade et des indicateurs d’appétit pour le risque. Nous montrons que, si, sur la période de précrise de 1997, les entrées de capitaux sont fortement expliquées par l’évolution des fondamentaux des émergents d’Asie, sur la période récente, elles ont été motivées par la recherche de rendements élevés, dans un contexte de surliquidité mondiale. Ainsi, le retour des capitaux en Asie serait bien expliqué par les stratégies de carry trade avec le yen comme monnaie de financement. Les stratégies alternatives de carry trade ne sont pas apparues significatives.
D’une revue d’affaires à une revue d’économique : 75 ans dans la vie de L’Actualité économique
Authors: Dupré Ruth , Gagnon Yves , Lanoie Paul
Published: July 2012

Cet article propose un bilan des activités de la revue L’Actualité économique depuis ses débuts en 1925. Nous nous attardons surtout à l’évolution de l’orientation de la revue, à travers les différents organismes qui en ont assumé la responsabilité; à la provenance des auteurs et à l’évolution du contenu. À notre connaissance, un tel exercice n’a jamais été entrepris. Nous constatons, entre autres, que la revue fut dirigée par différents groupes au cours de son histoire : les licenciés de l’École des Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC), puis l’École des HEC elle-même et finalement la Société canadienne de science économique. Ces différentes administrations ont eu une influence certaine sur le contenu de la revue. En ce qui concerne les auteurs, nous remarquons, entre autres, un déclin de la participation des professeurs de l’École et un déclin de la participation des auteurs d’autres disciplines que l’économique au profit des économistes d’autres universités que l’École. Au niveau du contenu, il ressort surtout que certains sujets marquants des premières années de la revue, comme l’agriculture et les ressources naturelles, ont perdu beaucoup de leur importance, alors que l’approche méthodologique a été marquée par trois grandes périodes : 1) la domination du commentaire descriptif; 2) la coexistence entre le commentaire descriptif et les articles analytiques et 3) la domination des articles analytiques.
Les étapes de la science économique au Québec : démarrage, construction et maturité
Authors: Fortin Pierre
Published: July 2012

Après l’époque des pionniers (1900-55), la science économique au Québec s’est développée en trois étapes : le démarrage (1955-70), la construction (1970-85) et la maturité (1985- ). Le démarrage regroupe des économistes de formation européenne, surtout préoccupés par l’économie locale et influents par leur action comme par leur réflexion. Les économistes de la construction sont de formation américaine, développent le discours scientifique, mettent en place les programmes de formation et de recherche et contribuent à l’essor de la profession d’économiste. La maturité amène la préoccupation de la compétitivité internationale en recherche et un certain raccrochage avec les milieux économiques locaux, mais subit les contrecoups des difficultés financières des universités.
L’influence de la science économique sur les historiens : une analyse de deux revues canadiennes d’histoire (1970-1996)
Authors: Dupré Ruth , Huberman Michael
Published: July 2012

Les sciences sociales ont connu récemment une expansion dans les études multidisciplinaires sur le plan de la recherche et de l’enseignement. Les économistes ont pris part au mouvement. Ont-ils eu un impact sur d’autres disciplines? Peu d’études se penchent sur le transfert de connaissances d’une discipline à une autre. C’est ce que nous faisons ici dans le cas spécifique de la contribution de l’économie à la recherche historique au Canada dans les trois dernières décennies. L’utilisation concrète que font les historiens de la science économique dépend-elle du sujet abordé, de l’époque étudiée, de la tradition historiographique, de la méthode d’enseignement? Y a-t-il une différence entre les historiens francophones et anglophones?

Notre approche est bibliométrique. Tous les articles parus dans la Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française et dans la Canadian Historical Review de 1970 à 1996 sont classifiés selon leur utilisation de la « cliométrie » (l’approche économique appliquée à l’histoire), de l’histoire économique traditionnelle et des sources statistiques. L’instrument de mesure de cette utilisation sont les références aux livres et aux articles appartenant à chacune de ces trois catégories.

Pour l’ensemble de la période, il y a une très grande similitude entre les deux revues avec une légère avance de trois points de pourcentage de la CHR (18 vs 15 %) en ce qui concerne l’utilisation de la première catégorie, soit celle de la cliométrie. Toutefois, ce résultat global sur le dernier quart de siècle cache des tendances différentes. Les résultats par intervalle quinquennal montrent une tendance à la hausse dans l’utilisation de la cliométrie et une à la baisse dans celle de l’histoire économique traditionnelle chez les francophones alors que la tendance pour les deux catégories est plutôt stable chez les anglophones. Il semble donc y avoir un certain mouvement de substitution de la « nouvelle » histoire économique au détriment de la « traditionnelle » chez les francophones.
Prophylactic Intracameral Antibiotics and Endophthalmitis After Cataract Surgery
Authors: van Rooij Jeroen , Nolte Karina , van de Vondervoort Francien , Lekkerkerk Sybren , Bourgonje Vincent , Wubbels René
Published: June 2024

Importance

Although the effectiveness of intracameral antibiotics to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis is described, selective use of antibiotics combined with 1% povidone iodine disinfection might be equally effective and could lead to cost reduction and avoidance of unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Objective

To compare the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis when 1% povidone iodine disinfection is applied in combination with selective intracameral antibiotics with the incidence after routine use of intracameral antibiotics in combination with 5% povidone iodine.

Design, Setting, and Participant

This was a retrospective cohort study using incidence data from the ongoing endophthalmitis register of the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, a specialized hospital providing both secondary and tertiary ophthalmological care, when intracameral antibiotics were used only during cataract procedures with occurrence of a posterior capsular tear in comparison with results from cohorts described in the literature where routine antibiotics were used. All patients who had cataract (phacoemulsification) surgery at the Rotterdam Eye Hospital between 1993 and 2022 were included. No cataract surgical procedures combined with other intraocular procedures were included.

Exposure

Povidone iodine disinfection and intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery either routinely or only in case of posterior capsular tears.

Main Outcome and Measure

Postoperative endophthalmitis incidence.

Results

Postoperative endophthalmitis incidence after 56 598 cataract (phacoemulsification) surgical procedures in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital between 2016 and 2022 was 0.0003 (95% CI, 0.0002-0.0004). A PubMed literature search until September 2023 with respect to the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after routine antibiotic prophylaxis yielded 37 publications with an overall postoperative endophthalmitis incidence of 0.0003 (95% CI, 0.0003-0.0004).

Conclusions and Relevance

No difference was observed between the postoperative endophthalmitis incidence during the last 7 years in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital and the overall postoperative endophthalmitis incidence after routine intracameral antibiotics prophylaxis as described in the literature. Disinfection with 1% povidone iodine in combination with selective antibiotic prophylaxis may be equally effective as routine antibiotic use and 5% povidone iodine.
Current status of precision oncology in adult glioblastoma
Authors: Weller Johannes , Potthoff Anna‐Laura , Zeyen Thomas , Schaub Christina , Duffy Cathrina , Schneider Matthias , Herrlinger Ulrich
Published: June 2024

The concept of precision oncology, the application of targeted drugs based on comprehensive molecular profiling, has revolutionized treatment strategies in oncology. This review summarizes the current status of precision oncology in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival below 2 years. Targeted treatments without prior target verification have consistently failed. Patients with BRAF V600E‐mutated GBM benefit from BRAF/MEK‐inhibition, whereas targeting EGFR alterations was unsuccessful due to poor tumor penetration, tumor cell heterogeneity, and pathway redundancies. Systematic screening for actionable molecular alterations resulted in low rates (< 10%) of targeted treatments. Efficacy was observed in one‐third and currently appears to be limited to BRAF‐, VEGFR‐, and mTOR‐directed treatments. Advancing precision oncology for GBM requires consideration of pathways instead of single alterations, new trial concepts enabling rapid and adaptive drug evaluation, a focus on drugs with sufficient bioavailability in the CNS, and the extension of target discovery and validation to the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell networks, and their interaction with immune cells and neurons.
Nanobody engineering: computational modelling and design for biomedical and therapeutic applications
Authors: El Salamouni Nehad S. , Cater Jordan H. , Spenkelink Lisanne M. , Yu Haibo
Published: June 2024

Nanobodies, the smallest functional antibody fragment derived from camelid heavy‐chain‐only antibodies, have emerged as powerful tools for diverse biomedical applications. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the structural characteristics, functional properties, and computational approaches driving the design and optimisation of synthetic nanobodies. We explore their unique antigen‐binding domains, highlighting the critical role of complementarity‐determining regions in target recognition and specificity. This review further underscores the advantages of nanobodies over conventional antibodies from a biosynthesis perspective, including their small size, stability, and solubility, which make them ideal candidates for economical antigen capture in diagnostics, therapeutics, and biosensing. We discuss the recent advancements in computational methods for nanobody modelling, epitope prediction, and affinity maturation, shedding light on their intricate antigen‐binding mechanisms and conformational dynamics. Finally, we examine a direct example of how computational design strategies were implemented for improving a nanobody‐based immunosensor, known as a Quenchbody. Through combining experimental findings and computational insights, this review elucidates the transformative impact of nanobodies in biotechnology and biomedical research, offering a roadmap for future advancements and applications in healthcare and diagnostics.
The Gut Microbiome in Aging and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dominique Gena M. , Hammond Catherine , Stack M. Sharon
Published: June 2024

The gut microbiome changes with age and affects regions beyond the gut, including the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment. In this review summarizing the literature on the gut microbiome in ovarian cancer and in aging, we note trends in the microbiota composition common to both phenomena and trends that are distinctly opposite. Both ovarian cancer and aging are characterized by an increase in proinflammatory bacterial species, particularly those belonging to phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia, and a decrease in short‐chain fatty acid producers, particularly those in Clostridium cluster XIVa (family Lachnospiraceae) and the Actinobacteria genus Bifidobacterium. However, although beneficial bacteria from family Porphyromonadaceae and genus Akkermansia tend to increase with normal, healthy aging, these bacteria tend to decrease in ovarian cancer, similar to what is observed in obesity or unhealthy aging. We also note a lack in the current literature of research demonstrating causal relationships between the gut microbiome and ovarian cancer outcomes and research on the gut microbiome in ovarian cancer in the context of aging, both of which could lead to improvements to ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Utilizing data mining techniques to analyze traditional Chinese medicine patterns in patients with acute cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Yang Deshuang , Liao Jiangquan , Tao Shiyi , Sun Ziyi , Huang Li , Xiao Xiang , Wang Fang , Shao Mingjing
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study intends to investigate the medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of acute cardiorenal syndrome (ACRS) through clinical data mining.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, encompassing hospitalized patients with ACSR admitted from June 1, 2013, to June 30, 2022. Patient treatment records, including TCM prescriptions, were gathered to establish a comprehensive prescription database. The prescriptions underwent analysis using the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform, incorporating the frequency, properties and flavors and channel tropism of each herbs, and clustering patterns, combination relationships, and complex network analysis of the whole.

Results

A total of 330 prescriptions from eligible hospitalized patients were included, which totally involves 324 kinds of different herbs. The therapeutic effects primarily emphasized descending qi and eliminating turbidity, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, drying dampness and dispelling phlegm, and promoting the ascension of Yang Qi. The properties were largely warm, netural, slightly cool and cold, with warm being predominant. The flavors were chiefly sweet, spicy, and bitter, with sweetness being the most common. The major channel tropism were the lung and spleen meridians, followed by the stomach, liver, heart, and kidney meridians. Combination analysis identified 30 pairs of combinations, with higher associations found in combinations such as Jiegeng, Huangqi, Chaihu, Baizhu, Zhimu, and Dangshen. Cluster analysis categorized high‐frequency herbs into 4 groups: Gualou–Fabanxia–Chuanxiong–Chishao, Fuling–Baizhu–Zhigancao–Chenpi, Maidong–Guizhi–Huangqi–Chaihu–Shengma–Zhimu–Shanzhuyu, and Huangqi–Dangshen–Jiegeng–Chaihu–Shengma–Zhimu–Shanzhuyu. Complex network analysis revealed core prescriptions for treating ACRS, including 17 herbs.

Conclusions

In the treatment of ACRS, TCM herbs with the properties of warm and neturality, and the flavors of sweet and spicy are commonly utilized. The prescribed herbal formulas have the effect of descending qi and eliminating turbidity, tonifying qi, activating blood and resolving stasis, resolving phlegm and promoting water.
Reversing EZH2‐Mediated Epigenetic Silence with Photodynamic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Synergistically Enhanced Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Lei , Tang Dongsheng , Yu Zhen , Shen Yue , Wang Yang , Li Yue‐Qin , Chen Juan , Liu Zhao‐Qian , Yin Ji‐Ye , Xiao Haihua , Li Xiang‐Ping
Published: June 2024

Endogenous T cell activation relies on recognizing tumor‐specific antigens. However, tumor cells often alter phenotypes to evade immune surveillance, resulting in immune escape and drug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activates anti‐tumor immune responses by generating reactive oxygen species, which induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunogenic cell death. The clinical application of PDT is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Notably, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates expression of immune‐related genes in tumor and immune cells through H3K27 methylation. Consequently, targeting EZH2‐mediated epigenetic silence provides an effective strategy to enhance the anti‐tumor immune effect of PDT. In this study, a nano‐delivery system (NP2) is designed to demonstrate PDT and epigenetic reprogramming effects. NP2 can reverse epigenetic silence, enhance MHC‐I expression, and induce release of CXCL9‐10 via EZH2i. Meanwhile, NP2 has a significant effect on PDT, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress that resulted in immunogenic cell death and subsequent activation of the immune cascade. In a mouse model of in situ breast cancer, the combination of PDT activation and epigenetic reprogramming through EZH2i showed synergistic effects on remolding, and triggering a robust anti‐tumor immune response in vivo. This study provides a novel idea for improving the immunosuppressive environment in clinical individualized immunotherapy.
Integrated Multi‐Channel Responsive Switches in a Room‐Temperature Crystal Actuator
Authors: Jin Ming‐Liang , Han Xiang‐Bin , Liu Cheng‐Dong , Liang Bei‐Dou , Jing Chang‐Qing , Wang Wei , Fan Chang‐Chun , Ju Tong‐Yu , Zhang Jing‐Meng , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2024

Integrating multiple switching behaviors in a single material is conducive to the development of smart devices, but still faces challenges, especially in finding new types of multiresponsive materials. Hybrid metal halides have been becoming promising candidates with the potential to exhibit changes in various physical and chemical properties upon structural phase transitions. Herein, a pair of enantiomers (R/S‐3‐OHPD)PbI3 (1R/1S; 3‐HOPD = 3‐hydroxypiperidine cation) is reported to show multichannel switching behaviors around room temperature triggered by a combined order‐disorder and displacive type phase transition that arouses a large lattice reorganization and shape change of the crystals. Owing to the inherent chiral, noncentrosymmetric, and semiconducting characteristics of the compounds, five other switching behaviors are realized besides the macroscopic deformation, that is, enthalpy, dielectric permittivity, photoluminescence, circularly polarized light excited photoluminescence, and photoelectric response. This study provides an exciting example of phase transition crystals for the development of integrated multifunctional materials.
Neutrophil‐Mediated Nanozyme Delivery System for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy
Authors: Yang Yu , Du Jiang , Gan Jingjing , Song Xiang , Shu Jiaxin , An Chaoli , Lu Li , Wei Hui , Che Junyi , Zhao Xiaozhi
Published: June 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging of nanozymes toward acute kidney injury (AKI) is a current promising strategy, however, the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) limits their application for treating kidney related diseases. Here, a neutrophil‐mediated delivery system able to hijack neutrophil to transport nanozyme‐loaded cRGD‐liposomes to inflamed kidney for AKI treatment by cRGD targeting integrin αvβ1 is reported. The neutrophil‐mediated nanozyme delivery system demonstrated great antioxidant and anti‐apoptosis ability in HK‐2 and NRK‐52E cell lines. Moreover, in ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) induced AKI mice, a single dose of LM@cRGD‐LPs 12 h post‐ischemia significantly reduces renal function indicators, alleviates renal pathological changes, and inhibits apoptosis of renal tubular cells and the expression of renal tubular injured marker, thus remarkably reducing the damage of AKI. Mechanistically, the treatment of LM@cRGD‐LPs markedly inhibits the process of Nrf2 to the nucleus and reduces the expression of the downstream HO‐1, achieves a 99.51% increase in renal tissue Nrf2 levels, and an 86.31% decrease in HO‐1 levels after LM@cRGD‐LPs treatment. In short, the strategy of neutrophil‐mediated nanozyme delivery system hold great promise as a potential therapy for AKI or other inflammatory diseases.
An Endocellulase‐Triggered NO Targeted‐Release Enzyme‐Prodrug Therapy System and Its Application in Ischemia Injury
Authors: He Bo , Zhang Yating , Liu Huaping , Tang Manuel , Yang Ke , Cheng Silian , Shen Jie , Wei Yongzhen , Deng Weiliang , Zhao Qiang , Yang Guang‐Yu
Published: June 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial gaseous signaling molecules in regulating cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Controlled and targeted NO delivery is imperative for treating cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite various enzyme‐prodrug therapy (EPT) systems facilitating controlled NO release, their clinical utility is hindered by nonspecific NO release and undesired metabolic consequence. In this study, a novel EPT system is presented utilizing a cellobioside‐diazeniumdiolate (Cel2‐NO) prodrug, activated by an endocellulase (Cel5A‐h38) derived from the rumen uncultured bacterium of Hu sheep. This system demonstrates nearly complete orthogonality, wherein Cel2‐NO prodrug maintains excellent stability under endogenous enzymes. Importantly, Cel5A‐h38 efficiently processes the prodrug without recognizing endogenous glycosides. The targeted drug release capability of the system is vividly illustrated through an in vivo near‐infrared imaging assay. The precise NO release by this EPT system exhibits significant therapeutic potential in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model, showcasing reductions in ischemic damage, ambulatory impairment, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Concurrently, the system enhances tissue repair and promotes function recovery efficacy. The novel EPT system holds broad applicability for the controlled and targeted delivery of essential drug molecules, providing a potent tool for treating cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and inflammation‐related disorders.
The Rise of Xene Hybrids
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Singh Gurwinder , Guan Xinwei , Roy Soumyabrata , Lee Jangmee , Kim In Young , Li Xiaomin , Bu Fanxing , Bahadur Rohan , Iyengar Sathvik Ajay , Yi Jiabao , Zhao Dongyuan , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Vinu Ajayan
Published: June 2024

Xenes, mono‐elemental atomic sheets, exhibit Dirac/Dirac‐like quantum behavior. When interfaced with other 2D materials such as boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides, it enables them with unique physicochemical properties, including structural stability, desirable bandgap, efficient charge carrier injection, flexibility/breaking stress, thermal conductivity, chemical reactivity, catalytic efficiency, molecular adsorption, and wettability. For example, BN acts as an anti‐oxidative shield, MoS2 injects electrons upon laser excitation, and MXene provides mechanical flexibility. Beyond precise compositional modulations, stacking sequences, and inter‐layer coupling controlled by parameters, achieving scalability and reproducibility in hybridization is crucial for implementing these quantum materials in consumer applications. However, realizing the full potential of these hybrid materials faces challenges such as air gaps, uneven interfaces, and the formation of defects and functional groups. Advanced synthesis techniques, a deep understanding of quantum behaviors, precise control over interfacial interactions, and awareness of cross‐correlations among these factors are essential. Xene‐based hybrids show immense promise for groundbreaking applications in quantum computing, flexible electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. In this timely perspective, recent discoveries of novel Xenes and their hybrids are highlighted, emphasizing correlations among synthetic parameters, structure, properties, and applications. It is anticipated that these insights will revolutionize diverse industries and technologies.
Ferrocene‐Based Polymer Organic Cathode for Extreme Fast Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Ultralong Lifespans
Authors: Yin Mengjia , Guo Kairui , Meng Junchen , Wang Yong , Gao Hui , Xue Zhigang
Published: June 2024

To meet the growing demand for energy storage, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with fast charging capabilities has emerged as a critical technology. The electrode materials affect the rate performance significantly. Organic electrodes with structural flexibility support fast lithium‐ion transport and are considered promising candidates for fast‐charging LIBs. However, it is a challenge to create organic electrodes that can cycle steadily and reach high energy density in a few minutes. To solve this issue, accelerating the transport of electrons and lithium ions in the electrode is the key. Here, it is demonstrated that a ferrocene‐based polymer electrode (Fc‐SO3Li) can be used as a fast‐charging organic electrode for LIBs. Thanks to its molecular architecture, LIBs with Fc‐SO3Li show exceptional cycling stability (99.99% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) and reach an energy density of 183 Wh kg−1 in 72 seconds. Moreover, the composite material through in situ polymerization with Fc‐SO3Li and 50 wt % carbon nanotube (denoted as Fc‐SO3Li‐CNT50) achieved optimized electron and ion transport pathways. After 10 000 cycles at a high current density of 50C, it delivered a high energy density of 304 Wh kg−1. This study provides valuable insights into designing cathode materials for LIBs that combine high power and ultralong cycle life.
Interfacial Biomacromolecular Engineering Toward Stable Ah‐Level Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Huang Jiangtao , Zhong Yunpeng , Fu Hongwei , Zhao Yunxiang , Li Shenglong , Xie Yiman , Zhang Hao , Lu Bingan , Chen Lina , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang
Published: June 2024

Interfacial instability within aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) spurs technical obstacles including parasitic side reactions and dendrite failure to reach the practical application standards. Here, an interfacial engineering is showcased by employing a bio‐ derived zincophilic macromolecule as the electrolyte additive (0.037 wt%), which features a long‐chain configuration with laterally distributed hydroxyl and sulfate anion groups, and has the propensity to remodel the electric double layer of Zn anodes. Tailored Zn2+‐rich compact layer is the result of their adaptive adsorption that effectively homogenizes the interfacial concentration field, while enabling a hybrid nucleation and growth mode characterized as nuclei‐rich and space‐confined dense plating. Further resonated with curbed corrosion and by‐products, a dendrite‐free deposition morphology is achieved. Consequently, the macromolecule‐modified zinc anode delivers over 1250 times of reversible plating/stripping at a practical area capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, as well as a high zinc utilization rate of 85%. The Zn//NH4V4O10 pouch cell with the maximum capacity of 1.02 Ah can be steadily operated at 71.4 mA g−1 (0.25 C) with 98.7% capacity retained after 50 cycles, which demonstrates the scale‐up capability and highlights a “low input and high return” interfacial strategy toward practical AZBs.
Photo‐metallo‐immunotherapy: Fabricating Chromium‐Based Nanocomposites to Enhance CAR‐T Cell Infiltration and Cytotoxicity against Solid Tumors
Authors: Zou Qingshuang , Liao Ke , Li Guangchao , Huang Xin , Zheng Yongwei , Yang Gun , Luo Min , Xue Evelyn Y. , Lan Chuanqing , Wang Shuai , Shen Yao , Luo Dixian , Ng Dennis K. P. , Liu Quan
Published: June 2024

The infiltration and cytotoxicity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells are crucial for effective elimination of solid tumors. While metallo‐immunotherapy is a promising strategy that can activate the antitumor immunity, its role in promoting CAR‐T cell therapy remains elusive. The first single‐element nanomaterial based on chromium nanoparticles (Cr NPs) for cancer photo‐metallo‐immunotherapy has been reported previously. Herein, an extended study using biodegradable polydopamine as a versatile carrier for these nanoparticles, enabling synergistic CAR‐T cell therapy, is reported. The results show that these nanocomposites with or without further encapsulation of the anticancer drug alpelisib can promote the CAR‐T cell migration and antitumor effect. Upon irradiation with near‐infrared light, they caused mild hyperthermia that can “warm” the “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). The administration of B7‐H3 CAR‐T cells to NOD severe combined immunodeficiency gamma mice bearing a human hepatoma or PIK3CA‐mutated breast tumor can significantly inhibit the tumor growth after the induction of tumor hyperthermia by the nanocomposites and promote the secretion of serum cytokines, including IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α. The trivalent Cr3+ ions, which are the major degradation product of these nanocomposites, can increase the CXCL13 and CCL3 chemokine expressions to generate tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in the tumor tissues, facilitating the CAR‐T cell infiltration.