bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL AGUA Y EL CARACOL. ATMÓSFERAS ADIABÁTICAS A TRAVÉS DE LAS MAQUETAS DE LAS VILLAS À LA MODE TROPICALE DE LE CORBUSIER
Authors: de la Cova Morillo-Velarde Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2022

Situada en el trópico de Cáncer, Ahmedabad albergó los primeros proyectos de vivienda realizados por Le Corbusier en la India. La Villa Chimanbhai fue el único no construido, pero sí se llevó a cabo una maqueta a la que Le Corbusier se referiría en El Modulor 2 como una “concha de caracol”. La ubicación en la que se fotografía, junto al agua y entre plantas y guijarros, como un gasterópodo que buscase el frescor de la sombra y la humedad, enfatiza el discurso climático del arquitecto por “un pacto con la naturaleza”. Un pacto que a la hora de afrontar el confort doméstico ante el calor recurre a combinar los vientos con la ubicación estratégica de láminas de agua, así como mediante otros dispositivos arquitectónicos recogidos en la Grille Climatique, que quedan enfatizados en el despiece de la maqueta. La fusión entre lugar y maqueta a través de la fotografía, se repite en las posteriores realizadas para la Villa Shodhan y el Palacio del Gobernador, así como el carácter manual de estos objetos, que refuerza la idea de una producción por y para el pueblo de la nueva nación. La sombra de un innovador climatizador de ventana en las fotografías de la inauguración de la Villa Shodhan señala la predominancia de las máquinas sobre las atmósferas adiabáticas de las arquitecturas indias de Le Corbusier. Hoy en día, Ahmedabad es una de las ciudades del mundo con mayor huella energética de emisión por climatización.
Optimal Capacity Rationing Policy for a Container Leasing System with Multiple Kinds of Customers and Substitutable Containers
Authors: Yang Xufeng , Zhang Juliang , Jiao Wen , Yan Hong
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider a container leasing firm that has elementary and premium containers, which are downward substitutable and for use by elementary contract customers (ECCs), premium contract customers (PCCs), as well as walk-in customers (WICs). ECCs can be satisfied by elementary containers or premium ones at discounted prices while PCCs only accept premium containers. WICs can be satisfied by any type of container at different prices. The objective is to maximise the expected total rental revenue by managing its limited capacity. We formulate this problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Process and show the submodularity and concavity of the value function. Based on this, we show that the optimal policy can be characterised by a series of rationing thresholds, a series of substitution thresholds and a priority threshold, all of which depend on the system states. We further give conditions under which the optimal policy can be simplified. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the impact of the substitution of two items on the revenue, to compare the performance of the optimal policy with those of the commonly used policies and to investigate the influence of arrival rates on the optimal policy. Last, we extend the basic model to consider different rental durations, ECCs’ acceptance behaviour and endogenous prices for WICs.

This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.

Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme [Grant 71661167009, N_PolyU531/16], National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72171016, 71831001], and British Academy\Leverhulme Small Research [Grant SRG19\190059]. This work was also supported by Zhejiang Shuren University Research [Grant KXJ0121605] and Beijing Logistics Informatics Research Base.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4425 .
La revuelta catalana de 1640: Un estado de la cuestión.
Authors: GRACIA ARNAU Ivan
Published: May 2022

Este articulo ofrece un balance historiográfico de la revuelta catalana de 1640, también conocida como Guerra dels Segadors. Se exponen, de forma sintética, las contribuciones que se han realizado al respecto desde la década de los sesenta del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, analizando los principales debates historiográficos a que se ha visto sometida la revuelta y exponiendo las nuevas perspectivas desde las que los historiadores se estan aproximando a la temática en la actualidad. El artículo sostiene que los estudios sobre este acontecimiento histórico han experimentado un viraje gradual desde la historia polítca hacia la historia cultural y han tendido a dejar a un lado el interés por las explicaciones de los hechos de largo recorrido cronológico para pasar a priorizar la comprensión de la experiencia de los individuos implicados en los mismos.

Palabras clave: revuelta catalana de 1640, Guerra dels Segadors, época moderna, historiografía.
Reflective astronomical telescopes with a large field of view and a wide wave band
Authors: Wang Xiaoheng , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2022

Large-aperture ground-based astronomical telescopes are expected to have a large field of view (FoV) and a wide working wave band. We design two coaxial reflective telescopes based on a low-order even asphere and a high-order Q-con polynomial. Both telescopes have a primary mirror with a diameter of 6.5 m, a focal length of 24 m, and a working wavelength that stretches from ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.365–2.4 µm). The telescopes using an asphere and a Q-con polynomial have spectroscopic-survey fields of 3° and 3.4°, respectively. In these fields, the EE80D (diameter of 80%-enclosed light energy) values that can characterize the telescope image quality is less than

0

.

58

′
′

, and the spectral data can be obtained using fibers at the focal surface of the telescopes. Additionally, the two reflective telescopes can image celestial targets in a 0.4° FoV, and the root mean square diameters of the standard spot diagrams are less than 27 µm. By combining precise imaging measurements with the spectral data, the properties of celestial bodies can be better analyzed. The designed telescopes could enable the realization of astronomical spectroscopic surveys with both a large FoV and a wide waveband.
Self-powered photodetectors with a position-controlled array based on ZnO nanoclusters
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Xu Yingtian , Xu Chongyang , Li Li , Shi Linlin , Zhang He , Jin Liang , Zou Yonggang , Ma Xiaohui
Published: May 2022

A self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) with a position-controlled array based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoclusters (NCs) has been proposed. The structure of the special array makes it possible to reduce the light loss and improve the light trap. The PD innovatively modifies the structure of ZnO PDs, which is distinguished from other traditional devices. The results demonstrate that the ZnO NC array can spontaneously generate the carrier and successfully achieve the detection at zero bias under the radiation of UV light. In this study, the structure is fabricated with two different substrates of silicon (Si) and GaN. At zero bias voltage, the Si-based PD under 365 nm shows the responsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching up to 14.1 mA/W and 4.79%, respectively, and the responsivity of the GaN-based detector can be obtained up to 59.9 mA/W; its parameter of EQE is 20.04%, the photocurrent is

1

0

−
5

A

, and the on/off ratio is 174. Our findings indicate that this structure of the device has potential for applications that require detection of light.
Photonic integrated circuits with bound states in the continuum: comment
Authors: Čtyroký Jiří , Petráček Jiří
Published: May 2022

We point out that the electro-optic modulation of the bound state in
the continuum in a low-index dielectric-loaded slab

L
i
N
b
O

3

waveguide reported by Yu et al., [Optica 6,
1342 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.001342] is treated
incorrectly. According to our analysis based on both the perturbation
approach and numerical simulation, the electro-optic modulation is
more than an order of magnitude less efficient than the authors claim.
It thus remains unclear how the experimental results described in the
paper were obtained.
Colloidal quantum-dot light emitting diodes with bias-tunable color
Authors: Mu Ge , Rao Tianyu , Chen Menglu , Tan Yimei , Hao Qun , Tang Xin
Published: May 2022

Although the performance of quantum-dot-based light emitting diodes (QLEDs) has been significantly enhanced over the past years, conventional full-color QLED displays still rely on the side-by-side pattern techniques of red (R)/green (G)/blue (B) quantum dots (QDs). Such lateral integration of multi-color pixels imposes technological difficulty in the development of high-resolution displays due to limited pixel density and fill factors. Herein, we demonstrate the development of full-color QLEDs with bias-tunable emission spectra by engineering mixed R/G/B QDs as light emitting layers. In Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates, QLEDs with bias-tunable color exhibit wide color variation ranging from red (0.649, 0.330) to green (0.283, 0.305) to blue (0.255, 0.264) upon increasing voltages and can be tuned to emit white light (0.316, 0.325). More importantly, the fabricated multi-color QLEDs show high luminance approaching

10

3

  
cd
  

m

−
2

and superior external quantum efficiency of 13.3%. Benefitting from the wide spectral tunability and light emitting efficiency, we believe the proposed multi-color QLEDs have great application prospects for both displays and lighting.
The functionality variation among health facility governing committees under direct health facility financing in Tanzania
Authors: Kesale Anosisye Mwandulusya , Mahonge Christopher , Muhanga Mikidadi
Published: May 2022

Decentralization reforms through Direct Health Facilities Financing (DHFF) have empowered Health Facility Governing Committees (HFGCs) to participate in different governance aspects to improve service delivery at the facility level. However, there is little research on how empowered HFGCs perform in the context of the DHFF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functionality of HFGCs under DHFF in Tanzanian primary health care facilities that had variation of performance in 2018. To collect both qualitative and quantitative data, the study used a cross-section design. The study had a sample size of 280 respondents, who were chosen using a multistage cluster sampling technique from 32 primary health care facilities that were practicing DHFF. Data was collected via a closed-ended structured questionnaire, in-depth interviews with chairpersons of HFGCs, and Focus Group Discussions. To examine the functionality of HFGCs, researchers used descriptive and theme analysis. In the 2018-star rating assessment, the study discovered that HFGCs functioned well in both high and low-performing health facilities. When HFGCs from high-performing health facilities were compared to HFGCs from low-performing health facilities, it was discovered that HFGCs from the high-performing health facilities had comparatively high functionality. The functionality of HFGCs in Tanzania has thus been impacted by the DHFF context.
Association between nutritional status and dengue severity in Thai children and adolescents
Authors: Te Haypheng , Sriburin Pimolpachr , Rattanamahaphoom Jittraporn , Sittikul Pichamon , Hattasingh Weerawan , Chatchen Supawat , Sirinam Salin , Limkittikul Kriengsak
Published: May 2022

Most cases of dengue virus infection are mild, but severe cases can be fatal. Therefore, identification of factors associated with dengue severity is essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality. The objective of this study was to assess associations between nutritional status and dengue severity among Thai children and adolescents. This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on the medical records of 355 patients with dengue treated at the Hospital for Tropical Disease (Bangkok, Thailand) from 2017 to 2019. Subjects were Thai children aged less than 18 years with dengue virus infection confirmed by positive NS1 antigen or IgM. The 1997 and 2009 World Health Organization (WHO) dengue classifications were used to define disease severity and body mass index for age while the WHO growth chart was used to classify nutritional status. The proportions of patients with dengue fever who were underweight, normal weight, and overweight were 8.8%, 61.5%, and 29.7%, respectively. The proportions of patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) who were underweight, normal weight, and overweight were 10.2%, 66.1%, and 23.7%, respectively. The proportions of patients with non-severe dengue who were underweight, normal weight, and overweight were 8.6%, 60.9%, and 30.5%, respectively; the same proportions of patients with severe dengue were 10.5%, 67.1%, and 22.4%, respectively. Higher proportions of patients with severe plasma leakage (DHF grade III and IV) were overweight compared with those with mild plasma leakage (DHF grade I and II) (45.5% vs. 18.8%). No difference in nutritional status was observed in patients with different dengue severity.
Fire use practices, knowledge and perceptions in a West African savanna parkland
Authors: Amoako Esther Ekua , Gambiza James
Published: May 2022

Understanding people’s practices, knowledge and perceptions of the use of fire and fire regimes can inform fire management plans that could contribute to savanna conservation and sustainable management. We investigated the frequency of fire use, control and perceptions of fire regimes for selected livelihood and socio-cultural activities in six districts in the Guinea savanna of Ghana. The six districts were selected to have a good representation of fire prone areas in the region based on fire frequency data obtained from the CSIR Meraka Institute, South Africa. A multiple regression analysis showed that people’s use of fire for the selected socio-cultural activities from district, occupation, gender, age and ethnic group significantly predicted fire use for the activities R2= 0.043, F (5,498) = 5.43, p < 0.000. Age and occupation added significantly to the use of fire. The study revealed that the majority of respondents (83%) across the study districts used fire once a year for at least one of the following activities: land preparation, weed/pest control, burning postharvest stubble, bush clearing around homesteads, firebreaks, charcoal burning and hunting. The study also showed a higher frequency of fire use for land preparation for cropping than for the other activities. Less than a fifth of the respondents (17%) indicated that they do not use fire for any of the selected activities. The majority of respondents (65%) mentioned that they controlled their use of fire to prevent destruction to property or injuring humans. The study revealed a higher frequency of fire use in the dry season for land preparation for cropping. However, respondents rated season of burning as the most important attribute, with little attention to the other attributes of a fire regime, contrary to what is theoretically recognized. Understanding traditional fire use practices in terms of how to regulate the mix of frequency, intensity/severity, season, size and type of fire for these and other socio-cultural purposes could help to mitigate and/or manage bushfires in West African savannas and enhance savanna conservation and management. Hence, the need to better understand people’s knowledge and perceptions of fire regimes in fire assisted socio-cultural practices in West Africa.
The added value of right ventricular function normalized for afterload to improve risk stratification of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Vicenzi Marco , Caravita Sergio , Rota Irene , Casella Rosa , Deboeck Gael , Beretta Lorenzo , Lombi Andrea , Vachiery Jean-Luc
Published: May 2022

Background

Risk stratification is central to the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). For this purpose, multiparametric tools have been developed, including the ESC/ERS risk score and its simplified versions derived from large database analysis such as the COMPERA and the French Pulmonary Hypertension Network (FPHN) registries. However, the distinction between high and intermediate-risk profiles may be difficult as the latter lacks granularity. In addition, neither COMPERA or FPHN strategies included imaging-derived markers. We thus aimed at investigating whether surrogate echocardiographic markers of right ventricular (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) coupling could improve risk stratification in patients at intermediate-risk.

Material and methods

A single-center retrospective analysis including 102 patients with a diagnosis of PAH was performed. COMPERA and FPHN strategies were applied to stratify clinical risk. The univariate linear regression was used to test the influence of the echo-derived parameters qualifying the right heart (right ventricle basal diameter, right atrial area, and pressure, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion -TAPSE-). Among these, the TAPSE and tricuspid regurgitation velocity ratio (TAPSE/TRV) as well as the TAPSE and systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio (TAPSE/sPAP) were considered as surrogate of RV-PA coupling.

Results

TAPSE/TRV and TAPSE/sPAP resulted the more powerful markers of prognosis. Once added to COMPERA, TAPSE/TRV or TAPSE/sPAP significantly dichotomized intermediate-risk group in intermediate-to-low-risk (TAPSE/TRV≥3.74 mm∙nm/s)-1 or TAPSE/sPAP≥0.24 mm/mmHg) and in intermediate-to-high-risk subgroups (TAPSE/TRV<3.74 mm∙(m/s)-1 or TAPSE/sPAP<0.24 mm/mmHg). In the same way, TAPSE/TRV or TAPSE/sPAP was able to select patients at lower risk among those with 2, 1, and 0 low-risk criteria of both invasive and non-invasive FPHN registries.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that adopting functional-hemodynamic echo-derived parameters may provide a more accurate risk stratification in patients with PAH. In particular, TAPSE/TRV or TAPSE/sPAP improved risk stratification in patients at intermediate-risk, that otherwise would have remained less characterized.
Highly prevalent MDR, frequently carrying virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Long Li , You Lv , Wang Dan , Wang Ming , Wang Junhua , Bai Guihuan , Li Jianhua , Wei Xiaoyu , Li Shijun
Published: May 2022

Salmonella entericaserovar 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant ofSalmonellaTyphimurium lacking the phase 2 flagellin, is one of the common serotypes causingSalmonellosisworldwide. However, information onSalmonellaserovar 4,[5],12:i:- from Guizhou Province has lacked so far. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes, and characterize the MLST genotypes ofSalmonellaserovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from Guizhou province, China. We collected 363 non-typhoidSalmonella(NTS) isolates of Guizhou from 2013 to 2018. Biochemical identification, serogroups testing, and specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay were conducted to identifySalmonella4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Isolates were determined the antimicrobial resistance by the micro broth dilution method, detected the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes by PCR, and examined the molecular genotyping by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eighty-sevenSalmonella4,[5],12:i:- isolates were detected, accounting for 23.9% (87/363) of the total NTS isolates. AllSalmonella4,[5],12:i:- isolates showed highly resistant to sulfaoxazole (93.1%), streptomycin (90.8%), ampicillin (88.5%), tetracycline (86.2%) and doxycycline (86.2%). A high proportion (94.2%) of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates were found. Most (83.9%)Salmonella4,[5],12:i:- isolates carried four antimicrobial resistance genes, especiallyblaTEM-1,strA-strB,sul2, andtetBgenes.Salmonella4,[5],12:i:- isolates showed a high rate ofinvA,sseL,mgtC,siiE,sopB,gipA,gtgB,sspH1, andsspH2(72.4%~98.9%). On the contrary, none of the isolates were detected thespvCandpefAgenes. MLST analysis revealed three sequence types (STs), and ST34 (97.7%) was the dominant sequence type. This study is the first report ofSalmonella4,[5],12:i:- in humans from Guizhou province, China. The data might be useful for rational antimicrobial usage againstSalmonella4,[5],12:i:- infections, risk management, and public health strategies in Guizhou.
Perceived barriers to facemask adherence in the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan-A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abid Khadijah , Ahmed Hassan , Bari Yashfika Abdul , Younus Maryam , Khambati Zainab Pervez , Imran Abira , Jabbar Abdul
Published: May 2022

Objective

To explore perceived barriers associated with facemask adherence to prevent spread of COVID-19 spread in Pakistani population.

Methodology

A cross sectional study was conducted from 25-July 2020 to 5-August 2020. Participants of both genders of age >17 years, currently residing in Pakistan, who had access to internet and understood English were included in the survey. The survey was designed on Google form and was distributed digitally across different areas of Pakistan via social media. Survey included questions regarding socio-demographics, facemask adherence and perceived barriers related to facemask adherence such as perceived risks, health concerns, comfort, social influences, religious/cultural norms and social protocols and health recommendations. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Independent t-test/One-way ANOVA was applied to assess significant difference between perceived barriers to wear face mask and socio-demographic factors, p-value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Post-hoc LSD test was also applied where applicable.

Results

Only 20% of the participants reported non-adherence to facemask. Amongst these participants, majority agreed that comfort was the main barrier precluding them from wearing a mask, 89.4% subjects saying that it was too hot to wear it and 84.1% saying that a mask was too uncomfortable to wear. Whereas, 82.1% highly agreed that difficulty in breathing is perceived barrier related to facemask usage. Statistically significant difference was found between health concerns with gender (p = 0.031), locality (p = 0.001) and religion (p = 0.03); comfort with locality (p = 0.007); social influences with gender (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p = 0.001) and locality (p = 0.017); cultural/religious norms with religion (p = 0.001) and social protocols and health recommendations with age (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Despite of satisfactory facemask adherence, still there are perceived barriers to it. In order to increase utilization of face masks among the general population, strict health policies should be implemented and awareness regarding the importance of face masks should be enhanced by educational interventions.
Dose-dependent impact of statin therapy intensity on circulating progenitor cells in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute versus chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Florescu Roberta , Liehn Elisa , Schaaps Nicole , Schröder Jörg , Almalla Mohammad , Mause Sebastian , Cornelissen Anne , Vogt Felix
Published: May 2022

Background

By low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction, statins play an important role in cardiovascular risk modification. Incompletely understood pleiotropic statin effects include vasoprotection that might originate from mobilisation and differentiation of vascular progenitor cells. Data on the potentially differential impact of statin treatment intensity on circulating progenitor cells in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are scarce. This study examines the potential association of different permanent statin treatment regimens on circulating progenitor cells in patients with coronary syndrome.

Methods and results

In a monocentric prospective all-comers study, 105 consecutive cases scheduled for coronary angiography due to either (A) non-invasive proof of ischemia and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) or (B) troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included. According to the 2018 American College of Cardiology Guidelines on Blood Cholesterol, patients were clustered depending on their respective permanent statin treatment regimen in either a high- to moderate-intensity statin treatment (HIST) or a low-intensity statin treatment (LIST) group. Baseline characteristics including LDL levels were comparable. From blood drawn at the time of PCI, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cultivated and counted and, by density gradient centrifugation, levels of circulating progenitor cells were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In ACS patients both absolute and relative numbers of circulating early-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) concurrently were significantly lower in the HIST group as compared to the LIST group. This effect was more pronounced in ACS patients than in CCS patients. Both in ACS and CCS patients, HIST caused a significant reduction of the number of circulating SMPCs.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing PCI, a dose intensity-dependent and LDL level-independent pro-differentiating vasoprotective pleiotropic capacity of statins for EPC and SMPC is demonstrated.
The phytochemical diversity of commercial Cannabis in the United States
Authors: Smith Christiana J. , Vergara Daniela , Keegan Brian , Jikomes Nick
Published: May 2022

The legal status of Cannabis is changing, fueling an increasing diversity of Cannabis-derived products. Because Cannabis contains dozens of chemical compounds with potential psychoactive or medicinal effects, understanding this phytochemical diversity is crucial. The legal Cannabis industry heavily markets products to consumers based on widely used labeling systems purported to predict the effects of different “strains.” We analyzed the cannabinoid and terpene content of commercial Cannabis samples across six US states, finding distinct chemical phenotypes (chemotypes) which are reliably present. By comparing the observed phytochemical diversity to the commercial labels commonly attached to Cannabis-derived product samples, we show that commercial labels do not consistently align with the observed chemical diversity. However, certain labels do show a biased association with specific chemotypes. These results have implications for the classification of commercial Cannabis, design of animal and human research, and regulation of consumer marketing—areas which today are often divorced from the chemical reality of the Cannabis-derived material they wish to represent.
Risky health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products
Authors: Acharya Binod , Dhakal Chandra
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental stress among the population and, at the same time, has lowered consumer income. Alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco consumption are associated with multiple health conditions but the information on how the consumption pattern of these goods shifted during the pandemic remains limited.

Objective

To examine the consumer spending on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Design

An observational study utilizing the expenditures data on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco between 2017 and 2020 obtained from the US Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.

Participants

18,808 respondents aged ≥ 21 years who answered the Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Bi-weekly expenditure on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products.

Analysis

Multivariable linear regression models.

Results

A total of 18,808 respondents (mean [SD] age = 52.5[16.9] years; 53.8% females) were included. Compared to the pre-pandemic levels, household expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased during the pandemic period by 28.6%, 7.9%, and 15.5%, respectively, after controlling for the state-, individual-, and household-level characteristics. Individual age, race/ethnicity, income, and education were significant predictors of spending. Heterogeneities in expenditures were evident across subgroups, with less educated and low-income households cutting their alcohol expenses while the wealthy and more educated consumers spent more during the pandemic.

Conclusions and implications

Household expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased. The results might be beneficial in understanding consumer spending habits concerning risky health behaviors during the period of economic disruption.
Post-healing follow-up study of patients in remission for diabetic foot ulcers Pied-REM study
Authors: Bouly Marie , Laborne Francois-Xavier , Tourte Caroline , Henry Elodie , Penfornis Alfred , Dardari Dured
Published: May 2022

The rate of recurrence for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is 50% at 2 years Armstrong DG, 2017. International recommendations call for regular monitoring to prevent DFU recurrence. We aim to investigate the relation between post-healing follow-up and recurrence rates. The study will begin in November 2021 and end in April 2022; final study results are scheduled for December 2022. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the benefit of the multidisciplinary follow-up of healed DFU patients at the rate of two annual consultations and its impact on foot wound recurrence.
Indirect determination of biochemistry reference intervals using outpatient data
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez Luisa , Cobbaert Christa M. , Noordam Raymond , Brouwer Nannette , Blanco-Grau Albert , Villena-Ortiz Yolanda , Thelen Marc , Ferrer-Costa Roser , Casis Ernesto , Rodríguez-Frias Francisco , den Elzen Wendy P. J.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals in an outpatient population from Vall d’Hebron laboratory using an indirect approach previously described in a Dutch population (NUMBER project). We used anonymized test results from individuals visiting general practitioners and analysed during 2018. Analytical quality was assured by EQA performance, daily average monitoring and by assessing longitudinal accuracy between 2018 and 2020 (using trueness verifiers from Dutch EQA). Per test, outliers by biochemically related tests were excluded, data were transformed to a normal distribution (if necessary) and means and standard deviations were calculated, stratified by age and sex. In addition, the reference limit estimator method was also used to calculate reference intervals using the same dataset. Finally, for standardized tests reference intervals obtained were compared with the published NUMBER results. Reference intervals were calculated using data from 509,408 clinical requests. For biochemical tests following a normal distribution, similar reference intervals were found between Vall d’Hebron and the Dutch study. For creatinine and urea, reference intervals increased with age in both populations. The upper limits of Gamma-glutamyl transferase were markedly higher in the Dutch study compared to Vall d’Hebron results. Creatine kinase and uric acid reference intervals were higher in both populations compared to conventional reference intervals. Medical test results following a normal distribution showed comparable and consistent reference intervals between studies. Therefore a simple indirect method is a feasible and cost-efficient approach for calculating reference intervals. Yet, for generating standardized calculated reference intervals that are traceable to higher order materials and methods, efforts should also focus on test standardization and bias assessment using commutable trueness verifiers.
The host inflammatory response contributes to disease severity in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infected mice
Authors: Golden Joseph W. , Zeng Xiankun , Cline Curtis R. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Daye Sharon P. , Carey Brian D. , Blancett Candace D. , Shoemaker Charles J. , Liu Jun , Fitzpatrick Collin J. , Stefan Christopher P. , Garrison Aura R.
Published: May 2022

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an important human pathogen. In cell culture, CCHFV is sensed by the cytoplasmic RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) molecule and its adaptor molecule mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein. MAVS initiates both type I interferon (IFN-I) and proinflammatory responses. Here, we studied the role MAVS plays in CCHFV infection in mice in both the presence and absence of IFN-I activity. MAVS-deficient mice were not susceptible to CCHFV infection when IFN-I signaling was active and showed no signs of disease. When IFN-I signaling was blocked by antibody, MAVS-deficient mice lost significant weight, but were uniformly protected from lethal disease, whereas all control mice succumbed to infection. Cytokine activity in the infected MAVS-deficient mice was markedly blunted. Subsequent investigation revealed that CCHFV infected mice lacking TNF-α receptor signaling (TNFA-R-deficient), but not IL-6 or IL-1 activity, had more limited liver injury and were largely protected from lethal outcomes. Treatment of mice with an anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibody also conferred partial protection in a post-virus exposure setting. Additionally, we found that a disease causing, but non-lethal strain of CCHFV produced more blunted inflammatory cytokine responses compared to a lethal strain in mice. Our work reveals that MAVS activation and cytokine production both contribute to CCHFV pathogenesis, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets to treat this disease.
Performing Arts in Prisons: Creative Perspectives, Michael Balfour, Brydie-Leigh Bartleet, Linda Davey, John Rynne and Huib Schippers (eds) (2019)
Authors: Morris Mary
Published: May 2022

Review of: Performing Arts in Prisons: Creative Perspectives, Michael Balfour, Brydie-Leigh Bartleet, Linda Davey, John Rynne and Huib Schippers (eds) (2019)Bristol: Intellect Ltd, 278 pp.,ISBN 978-1-78320-997-2, h/bk, $105ISBN 978-1-78938-015-6, e/bk, $83
Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system
Authors: Suyapoh Watcharapol , Kaewnoi Domechai , Sota Pornphutthachat , Thongtako Wichaya , Suttiprapa Sutas
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Roundworms cause infections in the avian population that lead to illness and poor production. The singing zebra dove is an economically important animal in the Indo-Malay region. The prevalence of these parasitic groups in zebra doves is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and associated human risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode infections in zebra dove farming.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2021. The study was conducted on 184 doves in three zebra dove farms. Fecal samples were collected from pooled zebra dove droppings. Major proportions and infection intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes were morphologically identified and morphometrically investigated. Associated human factors were assessed through the interview surveys among farmers.

Results: Results showed that 36.96% of the zebra doves were infected. The primary nematodes were Ascaridia galli (34.78%), Heterakis gallinarum (6.52%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (2.17%), Syngamus spp. (4.35%), and Amidostomum spp. (2.17%). The primary human factors that contribute to parasitic infection were poor hygiene, food contamination with parasites, and inappropriate deworming.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the zebra dove in the close cage system. Human factors played key roles as risk factors, and improves farming management will help reduce parasitic infections. However, these nematodes may contribute to poor health status and poor productivity of zebra doves. Further extensive studies on clinical signs and pathological changes should be conducted.
Apolipoprotein C3 is Downregulated in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hernández-Camba Alejandro , Carrillo-Palau Marta , Ramos Laura , de Armas-Rillo Laura , Vela Milagros , Arranz Laura , González-Gay Miguel Á. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván
Published: May 2022

Introduction.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an abnormal lipid profile. Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC3) is a key molecule of triglycerides metabolism that is known to be related to inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease. In the present study, we aim to study if ApoC3 serum levels differ between patients with IBD and controls, and if the hypothetical disturbance of ApoC3 can be explained by IBD characteristics.

Methods.

Cross-sectional study that included 405 individuals, 197 patients with IBD and 208 age- and sex-matched controls. ApoC3 and standard lipid profiles were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis was performed to analyze whether ApoC3 serum levels were altered in IBD and to study their relationship to IBD characteristics.

Results.

After fully multivariable analysis including CV risk factors, use of statins, and changes in the lipid profile caused by the disease itself, patients with IBD showed significant lower serum levels of ApoC3 (beta coef. -1.6 [95% confidence interval -2.5- -0.7] mg/dl, P=0.001). Despite this, inflammatory markers, disease phenotypes or disease activity of IBD were not found to be responsible for this downregulation.

Discussion.

Apolipoprotein C3 is downregulated in patients with IBD.
Analyse d’un dialogue extrait du film «Tesis» d’Alejandro Amenábar
Authors: Roa Bernal Jimmy Spencer
Published: May 2022

Uno de los aspectos más importantes como seres humanos, es el encuentro social. Estas interacciones cara a cara permiten a los interlocutores enriquecer y actualizar sus estrategias conversacionales con el fin de alcanzar sus objetivos. Así, convencer y persuadir forman parte de nuestros intercambios cotidianos. Ahora bien, ¿qué tipos de roles praxiológicos asumimos en el momento de formular y hacer nuestras peticiones? ¿Cuáles son aquellas estrategias empleadas para dicho propósito? ¿Qué elementos gramaticales recorre nuestro discurso? A través de este artículo, trataremos de responder a estos interrogantes. Para nuestra tarea, tomaremos un fragmento de un diálogo de una película y lo analizaremos empleando la teoría modular del discurso.
Comunidades de práctica soportadas en tecnologías de información como apoyo al desarrollo de las líneas estratégicas de investigación en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Rubiano Arciniegas Daniel Alberto , Gómez Flórez Luis Carlos
Published: May 2022

Las instituciones de Educación Superior –IES- colombianas, como ficha clave en el desarrollo científico y tecnológico del país, están articulando sus políticas y planes estratégicos de investigación con las políticas adelantadas por el gobierno nacional en torno a la ciencia, la tecnología e innovación –CTI-. Como parte de esta articulación están definiendo áreas y líneas estratégicas de investigación, las cuales implican integración tanto de actores como de sectores que pueden estar dentro o fuera de la IES promoviendo la transferencia de conocimiento y el trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinar. Como una posible solución a esta necesidad de integración en el presente artículo se propone la utilización Comunidades de Practica – COP[1]- soportadas en tecnologías de la información y comunicación –TIC-.
Pertinencia de la educación en la competitividad
Authors: Lombana Coy Jahir Enrique
Published: May 2022

La educación ha sido vinculada como determinante del crecimiento y en un sentido ampliado del desarrollo. El surgimiento de nuevos niveles como el de la competitividad busca entender cuál es la pertinencia de la educación en estos nuevos espacios. El presente documento hace un recorrido teórico de las aproximaciones hechas a la relación entre educación y competitividad como sentido ampliado de crecimiento y desarrollo. Además presenta de manera crítica las orientaciones hacia cobertura educativa que han enfatizado los hacedores de política, aun cuando la evidencia muestra que sin calidad educativa, como un determinante principal de la competitividad, son pocos los logros que se pueden alcanzar. Finalmente, se presentan las nuevas realidades a las que se enfrenta la competitividad como un desafío adicional a estos aspectos críticos.
CTLA4 haploinsufficiency caused by a novel heterozygous splice site mutation
Authors: Garkaby Jenny , Abrego Fuentes Laura Edith , Willett Pachul Jessica , Merico Daniele , Vong Linda
Published: May 2022

Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) haploinsufficiency is characterized by a variety of phenotypes, ranging from autoimmune disorders, enteropathy, fatal combined immunodeficiency, as well as lymphoproliferation and malignancy.

Aim: To broaden the genotypic spectrum and clinical presentations of patients with CTLA4 variants.

Methods: We evaluated a female patient with autoimmunity and lymphopenia. Immune workup and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed.

Results: The proband presented at 11 years of age with hypothyroidism and later developed Evans syndrome, alopecia, eczema, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Immune evaluation revealed T, B, and NK lymphopenia with normal humoral immunity. Following a negative genetic panel for autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), WES analysis identified a novel heterozygous intronic variant predicted in-silico to cause skipping of exon 2 of the CTLA4 gene.

Conclusion: A novel heterozygous mutation in CTLA4 caused variable presentations of immune dysregulation, one of the hallmarks of CTLA4 haploinsufficiency.

Statement of Novelty: We herein report a novel mutation in CTLA4 resulting in various features of autoimmunity.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(μ2-2-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-bis(μ2-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalato-κ3
O:O,O′)dieuropium(III) – phenanthroline (1/2), C40H19EuF8N4O9
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Liu Xin-Fang , Zhao Bei-Bei , Huang Shi-Jie
Published: May 2022

C40H19EuF8N4O9, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.3326(4) Å, b = 12.7652(4) Å, c = 13.2629(4) Å, α = 102.266(2)°, β = 97.689(2)°, γ = 105.630(3)°, V = 1767.93(10) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0329, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0648, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tribenzyl-κ1
C-(μ2-6-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylato-κ2
O:O’)tin(IV)-dichloromethane-methanol (1/1/1), C29H31Cl2NO4Sn
Authors: Gao Zhongjun , Zhang Haifeng
Published: May 2022

C29H31Cl2NO4Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.638(4) Å, b = 17.168(7) Å, c = 18.399(5) Å, β = 120.573(16)°, V = 2893.1(18) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0314, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0875, T = 298 K.
Nitroimidazoles Part 10. Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluation of 4-nitroimidazole derivatives combined with piperazine moiety
Authors: Al-Soud Yaseen A. , Saber Sadeekah O. W. , Shtaiwi Amneh , Alsawakhneh Sondos O. , Alhelal Kafa’ A. S. , Salman Qusay F. A. , Abu-Qatouseh Luay , Khanfar Monther A. , Al-Qawasmeh Raed A.
Published: May 2022

Piperazine-tagged imidazole derivatives 3a (symmetrical di-substituted piperazine) and 5–11 were synthesized through the combination of 4-nitroimidazole derivatives with piperazine moiety. The structural characterization was done by different physical and spectral techniques like NMR (1H and 13C) and mass spectrometry. The constituency of compound 3a was confirmed by X-ray structural analyses. All compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative inhibition potency against five human cancer cell lines namely MCF-7, PC3, MDA-231, A549 and Fibro dental. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent anticancer agents against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values of (1.0 ± 0 µm) and against PC3 with IC50 value of (9.00 ± 0.028 µm). The molecular docking of compound 5 had been studied, and the results revealed that the newly designed 4-nitroimidazole combined with piperazine moiety derivatives bond to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contacts with high affinity.
The Vanishing Archive
Authors: Desouki Yasmin
Published: May 2022

Documentarian and writer Atteyat al-Abnoudy was a fierce proponent of Egypt’s working class and marginalized communities. She carved indelible, haunting images onto the national psyche through her work, which is more prescient than ever. This essay explores the ways in which it is possible to understand and interpret Al Abnoudy’s work processes and filmic legacy within the context of Egypt’s lack of archival practices. The larger context of Egyptian documentary filmmaking and the impact of post-colonial practices on the arts and culture sphere also inform the article.
“Leave No Stone Unturned”
Authors: Hayes Endia Louise , MacKendrick Norah
Published: May 2022

African American foodways have historically shared many of the same imperatives prized by writers, experts, and pundits concerned with making food systems more sustainable—namely, encouraging farm-to-table food distribution networks, using “natural” or low-impact agricultural methods, and inspiring scratch cooking with local, fresh ingredients. Contemporary writing about sustainable food and agriculture in the United States locates the origins of this movement in Europe and northern California. In this article, we challenge this conceptualization by presenting what we call the “food imaginaries” of three key historical figures: George Washington Carver, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Edna Lewis. These imaginaries not only reflect the knowledge constructions of a social group and map future possibilities through foodways but also challenge damaging narratives about African American food histories, particularly across the south. We find that these imaginaries envision food as a pathway to freedom, autonomy, pleasure, and joy, and tell greater stories of how “organic” and “natural” falters when imagined outside of Blackness. These imaginaries, we argue, are central to American agricultural and political histories, and have important implications for sustainability and food justice movements in the United States.
Validation of Indonesian Version of Offence-Related Feelings of Guilt and Shame: A Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Salma Salma , Kaloeti Dian Veronika Sakti , La Kahija Yohanis Franz
Published: May 2022

This study aims to conduct an adaptation and validation of the Offence-Related Feelings of Shame and Guilt Scale (ORSGS) in the Indonesian language. ORGS was translated into the Indonesian language using a forward translation method by a bilingual psychology expert. Five hundred ten male prisoners from three correctional institutions in Indonesia were recruited and completed the Indonesian version of ORSGS in paper-and-pencil. A Rasch model approach was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties and validity of the adapted scale. The results showed that the Indonesian version of ORSGS had moderate Cronbach’s Alpha reliability (α= .65) and excellent item reliability (.99). Item logit ranged from -1.08 to .72 with a separation value of 8.79, showing that items were grouped into 12 groups. The unidimensionality was found as acceptable/ moderate by 30.4% total variance explained from Principal Component Analysis but still needs further confirmatory analysis. Item 1 and 2 were found to be misfit and need to be evaluated. According to the Rasch model result, it can be concluded that the Indonesian version of ORSGS was valid (10 out of 12 items were fit) and reliable (Item reliability: .99) to be used in the prisoner population. However, further investigation about its multidimensionality and criterion validity still needs to be conducted