bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High School Private Vocational School Learning in West Kalimantan During Physical Distancing COVID-19 in 2020
Authors: Mering Aloysius
Published: September 2021

This study aims to reveal information about the implementation , to overcome obstacles , and the effectiveness of online learning at Senior High Schools (SMA / SMK) in West Kalimantan during Physical Distancing Covid-19 Year 202 0 . I nformation obtained s urvei purposively in nine SMA / SMK (including six elementary schools and four secondary school) in K abupaten Bengkayang, Ketapang, Hedgehog, Melawi, and Sintang West Kalimantan. Respondent teachers were 137 people.The questions that were given to respondents in detail were about the effectiveness of online learning, the media , the resources used, the obstacles faced, and the efforts to overcome these obstacles. The results of descriptive analysis of the teacher's response revealed that the "vast majority" of school (elementary, middle, high school / vocational school) has been carrying out learning online " by effectively" . Teachers plan lessons to combine online and conventional models. Also the facilities used by the teacher generally use cellphones , with the main resources being e-books, journals, videos, and question and answer materials . Learning takes advantage of the application " learning house " , " google for education " , and " own class " . The constraints general are facing is the limited "internet access" and " teacher-student-parent " who has not adaptive learning systems online. To improve e fekti v itas learning teachers make learning fun, attention to needs-style-and the student experience, as well as the evaluation of the continuous. Based on these findings, it is hoped that the government, schools, teachers, students, and parents will prioritize the provision of online learning facilities to be more successful.
Learning Model Development of Memorizing The Qur'an Through Integration of Internal and External Representation
Authors: Thaha Hisban , Rustan Edhy , Subhan Subhan
Published: September 2021

This research aims to create a learning model of memorization of the Qur'an based on the nature of the brain that tends to require relevance between the projection of information that occurred internally in the brain (internal representation) and externally presented information outside the brain (external representation). Integration of the two modes of representation was carried out through a developmental study by adopting Research and Development (R & D) from Borg and Gall as a reference for the development of conceptual frameworks and memory models of Y Wang as a reference framework of the development of operational stages. From the model development process, several components of the model implementation have successfully been developed. The model implementation was operationally integrated with internal and external representation modes such as Phase I: the formulation of indicators, Phase II diagnostic assessment dealing with prior al-Qur’an memorizing ability, Phase III Conditioning students, Phase IV Coding memorizing materials, and Phase V repetition and recalling memorizing outcomes.
Efficiency assessment of faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP): An analytical study
Authors: Ruhela Mukesh , Rani Pooja , Bhardwaj Sweta , Ahamad Faheem
Published: September 2021

The success of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has increased the number of toilets in India. Treatment of septage and faecal sludge is now a big challenge to main the sanitation and hygiene in the society. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to explore the concept and efficiency of Faecal Sludge Treatment (FSTP) technology. The paper also includes the study of characteristics of faecal sludge and biochar produced from faecal sludge. The efficiency of plant for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was observed 99.88%, 99.91% and 99.88, respectively. After the treatment all the studied parameters of treated water was found below the standards set by MOEF for FSTP discharge. After dewatering and drying, the faecal sludge is analyzed for calorific value, ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur. Calorific value of faecal sludge ranged from 3339.00 Kcal kg-1 to 3542.00 Kcal kg-1 with an average value of 3419.67 Kcal kg-1. Then the faecal sludge is pyrolysed to produce the energy and biochar. Biochar was analyzed for pH, colour, moisture, bulk density, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium, and mercury. All the parameters of biochar were found below the standard limits of Solid Waste Management Rules (SWM), 2016 except bulk density (2.07 g cm-3), potassium (1.02%), and nitrogen (3.09%). On the basis of biochar results, it may be concluded that the sludge produced can be used as manure in agriculture and gardening. Therefore, FSTP is a suitable, sustainable eco-friendly technology for the treatment of faecal sludge and also reduces the chances of soil and ground water pollution.
A review on use of agrochemical in agriculture and need of organic farming in Nepal
Authors: Makaju Susan , Kurunju Kabita
Published: September 2021

The growing use of chemical pesticides haphazardly and their harmful influence on ecosystem and human health highlight the necessity for safe and sustainable organic production in our time. The article reviews a general overview of organic farming; the impact of organic farming on soil health and climate mitigation in comparison with conventional farming practice in Nepal. The article identifies the problems and possibilities of organic farming to resuscitate the pesticide-dominated conventional practice in Nepal. Organic farming now has been embedded in the natural agriculture policy in Nepal. Organic farming benefits in terms of environmental protection along with better living health. Various governmental and non-governmental bodies, farmers, and individuals are working to promote organic farming in Nepal. With the increase in awareness of health and environmental concerns, the adoption of organic agriculture and the demand for organic agricultural products is increasing. It holds a great prospect in countries like ours where an integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent in many parts of the country. As a result, an organic farming system in Nepal must be thoroughly investigated and supported through proper regulations and tactics. It is urged to supplant pesticide-based conventional farming with organic farming that leads towards agricultural sustainability for the upcoming generation.
A review on the effect of heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Karki Preeti , Subedi Enzy , Acharya Garima , Bashyal Manisha , Dawadee Nistha , Bhattarai Srijana
Published: September 2021

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks first (in the world) and third (in Nepal) in terms of productivity and total cropped area. Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C. Among several abiotic factors, heat stress is one of the major factors affecting wheat production. Wheat is very sensitive to heat stress. Each degree rise in the temperature can decrease wheat yield by 6%. This review is written with an aim to reflect the influence of heat stress in the production of wheat and the mechanism of how loss in yield occurs. Some of the major findings of this research are : (a) Heat stress negatively effects germination, emergence, root growth, leaf, stem development and growth, tillering, grain yield and quality (b) A sharp decline in photosynthesis is evident when wheat plant is exposed to high temperature stress during vegetative or reproductive phase (c) With increases in temperature, rate of respiration is greater  than the rate of photosynthesis  which ultimately leads to carbon starvation (d) High temperature fastens the crop growth by making it to enter into jointing stage and reproductive stage earlier than normal resulting in decreased crop yield. The identification of such effects of heat stress in our crop helps us adopt several strategies or methods to mitigate the impacts on crop yields and improve tolerance to heat stress.
Fungal diversity inhabited with trees and their conservation in Bukki Top in upper great Himalaya
Authors: Shankhwar Rajeev , Yadav Abhishek , Pandey Vijay Vardhan
Published: September 2021

This investigation was aimed to explore the biodiversity of upper great Himalayas range with special reference to the flora and its conservation. The natural landscape and high altitude meadows (Bugyal) enhanced the beauty of Uttarakhand. Bukki village and Bukki top one of the gorgeous region locate in Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand state, fall on the opposite side of the national highway NH-108 and connect the Gangotri Glacier via Harsil. The present article is the description of the flora of the Bukki region and, we tried to mainly focus on different fungus species and disease on trees, observed during the trek. Some important fungus species observed are Daldinia concentric, Trichaptum biforme, Fomes fomentarius and Daedalea quercina. We also describe each fungus attributes and habitat distribution description.
IMPACT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE ON WEED DYNAMICS AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF RAINFED BREAD WHEAT
Authors: Khattak Shahid Iqbal , Baloch Mohammad Safdar , Naveed Khalid , Nadim Muhammad Amjad , Ali Khan Asghar , Ullah Kaleem
Published: September 2021

An experiment to find out the wheat growth as affected by foliar application of potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) on different growth stages under rainfed conditions was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Potassium doses viz. 0, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 60 kg ha-1 were applied in foliar form at tillering, booting and heading stages of wheat. The course of study revealed that foliar application of K2O in booting stage produced maximum leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), net photosynthesis rate (NPR) and grain yield, while its application at heading stage produced maximum net assimilation rate (NAR). Among different doses, the application of potassium at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 potassium at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 produced maximum growth and yield and its components during two consecutive cropping seasons of wheat crop while weed density (m-2), relative weed density (%), fresh weed biomass (g m-2) and dry weed biomass (g m-2) influenced non-significantly for both the years. These findings suggest that foliar application of potassium sulphate @ 60 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of nitrogen (120 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (90 kg ha-1) is the most suitable for successful wheat production under rainfed conditions.
POTENTIAL USE OF Coronopus didymus (L.) SM. IN PARTHENIUM MANAGEMENT
Authors: Javaid Arshad , Haider Khan Iqra
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to assess a brassicaceous weed Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. as a source of potential natural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of parthenium seeds. The lowest extract concentration (0.5%) of leaf and stem reduced germination by 56 and 46%, shoot length by 43 and 12%, root length by 59 and 62%, and biomass of whole plant by 44 and 15%, respectively. Root and flower extracts were less herbicidal and reduced parthenium germination by 23–52% and 33–56%, respectively. In a pot experiment, soil was incorporated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10, 1.2% (w/w) crushed dry biomass of C. didymus, parthenium seeds were sown after one week and the effect of amendment on germination and plant growth was recorded after 45 days of sowing. All the doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A 1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal potential for control of parthenium.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF WEEDS IN WHEAT CROP GROWN IN DISTRICT KHANEWAL, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Murtaza Ghulam , Ditta Allah , Bakht Tamana , Asif Muhammad , Nadir Muhammad , Nawaz Sehar
Published: September 2021

Weed infestation is among the main biotic factors affecting growth and yield of various crops. This issue is more drastic for cereal crops like wheat which is the staple food crop of over 2.5 billion population of the world. One the control strategy is the investigated the distribution pattern of weeds under field conditions. In this regard, a survey study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of weed species in wheat crop during 2016-18 in district Khanewal, Punjab Pakistan. Thirty-six weed species distributed among fifteen different families collected from the study area. Family Poaceae was dominant with 10 species while family Asteraceae was the second most dominant family with four weed species. Cynadon dactylon was the most frequently found specie with frequency value 79.1% while Paspalum distichum had the highest importance value index (6.96) among the weeds of the study area.
The THE FIRST EVER FLORISTIC AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGACL STUDIES ON WEEDS OF CANNABIS SATIVA FIELDS OF TIRAH-MAIDAN, DISTRICT KHYBER, PAKISTAN
Authors: Hassan Gul , Hussain Farrukh
Published: September 2021

THE FIRST EVER FLORISTIC AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGACL STUDIES ON WEEDS OF CANNABIS SATIVA FIELDS OF TIRAH-MAIDAN, DISTRICT KHYBER, PAKISTAN
SESBANIA KNOCKDOWN DAYS AND SEED RATES OF DRY DIRECT SEEDED RICE INFLUENCE WEED DYNAMICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE
Authors: Shah Pradeep
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT In dry direct seeded rice (DDSR), weeds are the major problems limiting the productivity of crop. Sesbania co-culture with DDSR as well as seed rates of rice affect weed density by smothering effect on weeds and therefore can be a better weed management technique. Two year field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal from 2015 to 2016 to assess the effect of Sesbania knockdown dates and seed rates of DDSR on weed density and yield of rice. The experiment was arranged in two factorial strip plot design having four replications. The treatment comprised of four levels of seed rates of DDSR (25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the vertical strips whereas four levels of Sesbania knockdown days (21, 28, 35 and 42 days after sowing (DAS)) in horizontal strip. The data on weed densities, weed biomass, yield and yield attributing characters of rice were collected and analyzed using MSTATC statistical software. The data revealed decreasing weed density with increasing days of knockdown of Sesbania. Significantly lower weed densities were recorded when Sesbania was knockdown at 42 DAS as compared with 21 and 28 DAS at all dates of observations and in both years 2015 and 2016. The weed densities at knockdown days of 35 and 42 DAS were statistically at par with each other at 45 and 105 DAS in 2016. Similarly, weed densities were significantly lower when seed rates of DDSR was increased to 75 to 100 kg ha-1 as compared to 25 to 50 kg ha-1 in both years at most of observation dates. Sesbania knockdown at 42 DAS recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields but was statistically similar to knockdown dates of 35 DAS. Similarly, higher seed rates of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 produced better grain and straw yields than 25 to 50 kg ha-1 seed rates of DDSR. The higher yield of DDSR at knockdown of Sesbania at 35 to 42 DAS and higher seed rates of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 of DDSR was due to reduction in weed density which resulted in better yield attributes and grain yield of DDSR. Therefore, knockdown days of 35 DAS and seed rates of 75 kg ha-1 seem better option for DDSR.
Arbusculer mycorrizal fungal investigation in the weeds of wheat field of Tehsil Tangi, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Authors: YASEEN TABASSUM , Shah Muzammil , Nawaz Gul
Published: September 2021

An investigation has been make about the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density in weeds plants with soil selected from the Tehsil Tangi. The spore density was observed in all weeds plants in the host growth stage. The maximum Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density wasfound in Chenopodium album (93.00±74.02) and Scandix iberica (89.00±92.08) at vegetative stage. The Glomus species are dominant in the rhizosporic soil of weeds plants followed in Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore density are present in Fumariapureflora (10.67±15.89).The spore density of AMF had a strong positive correlation with soil PH and carbon is negative correlation with P content of the soil. Thehighest Vesicles are investigated in.Euphorbia heliscopia(14.33±9.5) and lowest in Circium arevesis (3.33±1.53) .Arbuscules was higher in Euphorbia heliscopia (18.67±18.72) and lowest in Circium arvensis (2.00±1.73). Highest External hyphae was found in Silene conidia (4.00±1.73) and lowest in Anagallus arrensis. Internal hyphae were in Rananculas maricates (6.33±5.13) and lowest in Melolotus indica(0.67±0.58). While totally absent in Brassica nigra (Brassicaece).
Chenopodium album mitigates adverse effects of Sclerotium rolfsii on chickpea var. Bakhar
Authors: Javaid Arshad , Ali Amna , Khan Iqra Haider , Shoaib Amna
Published: September 2021

Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne pathogen of over 500 plant species, causes collar rot disease in chickpea and reduces its survival rate, growth and yield. This study was carried out to assess potential benefits of soil amendment with Chenopodium album L., a Chenopodicaeae weed, on growth, yield and physiology of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011, grown in S. rolfsii contaminated soil. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry biomass of shoot, root and grains by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, over negative control (without fungus or C. album biomass). Likewise, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also reduced by S. rolfsii. A 3% (w/w) application of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot dry biomass by 134%, root dry biomass by 650%, grain yield by 1309%, chlorophyll content by 1483% and carotenoid content by 320%, over S. rolfsii inoculated treatment (positive control). In general, S. rolfsii increased phenolic content, and activities of denfense related enzymes namely phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This study suggested the use of 3% DBC as soil amendment for improvement of crop growth, yield and resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011 under stress of S. rolfsii.
The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Ehsan , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Rehman Abdul , Ali Amjed , Iqbal Nasir , Mumtaz Qaisar , Javed Amir
Published: September 2021

Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.
UTILIZING NATURAL COLORANTS OF BROWN SEAWEEDS IN BIOACTIVE FABRIC DYEING
Authors: Rani Kiran
Published: September 2021

The current investigation was carried out to develop a sustainable dyeing method by utilization of marine brown seaweed as natural dye. Moreover, the dyeing process was optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variable on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and results were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found that, the optimized dyeing condition has 1% formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing cycle. At this condition, the dye molecule shows higher exhaustion and fixation % along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all test organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency for Candida albicans and least for Escherichia coli.
SIGNIFICANCE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN ADDRESSING THE IMPACT DUE TO WEED INFESTATION ON MAJOR CROPS IN DISTRICT BAJAUR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Authors: Ullah Sana
Published: September 2021

The current study investigated the impact of weeds on major seasonal crops in district Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The aim was to know the prevailing weed management system and encourage the farmers to integrate cultural practices with chemical control measures. A three stage stratified sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the selected respondents of through a well-designed interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 20) was used to analyze the primary cross-sectional data and the obtained findings were depicted in tables and figures. Descriptive statistics revealed that majority of the respondents i.e. 31.3% were of middle age with 63.9% illiteracy rate and 60.8% reported living in household size of 10 and above family members. Echinocloa crus-galli was the most invasive among Kharif weeds as reported by 26% respondents, while among Rabi weeds, Convolvulus arvensis was the most reported weed as mentioned by 21% respondents. The study established that maize and wheat are the main crops impacted by Kharif and Rabi weeds respectively, where mechanical weeding was the most applied control method adopted by 51.8% respondents, followed by chemical (42.2%) and manual weeding (6%) in the study area. Study observed a significant decrease in crops yield due to various weeds found in farmers’ fields. Effective extension services are needed to encourage farmers integrate cultural practices with chemical control management in order to get better crop yield and avoid environmental and human health hazards.
Biochar and integrated phosphorus management suppress weed density in maize crop
Authors: Ali Salman , Arif Muhammad , Ali Mehran , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Gohar , Bilal Muhammad , Munsif Fazal
Published: September 2021

Weeds pose a significant threat to successful crop production. To meet the increasing future food demand, sustainable and efficient weed control remains a cornerstone practice. Usage of high doses of herbicides for killing weeds has created several ecological and environmental problems which cannot be overlooked. Therefore, other weed control practices and techniques should be adopted to minimize weed-crop competition and increase the growth and productivity of crop, instead of chemicals. An experiment was established at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar to evaluate the effects of biochar and organic-inorganic P sources on density, fresh and dry weight of weeds in maize during 2016. Experiment was executed using randomized complete block design and treatments included biochar (0 and 10 tonnes ha-1) and three sources of P; FYM, PM and one DAP. Phosphorus at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 was applied in such a way that each plot received 50, 75 and 100% P from PM or FYM and the rest from DAP. Biochar and P sources significantly affected density, fresh and dry weight of weeds at 25 and 50 days after sowing of crop. 10 tonnes ha-1 biochar reduced weed density and fresh and dry weight of weeds at both intervals i.e. 25 and 50 days after sowing. Similarly, lower weed density, weed fresh and dry weight with addition of PM or FYM and DAP in 50:50 ratios. Sole FYM and PM resulted in higher weed density and weeds fresh and dry biomass. It is concluded that 10 tons ha-1 biochar and P application 50% from FYM or PM and 50% from DAP improved maize growth and reduced weed competition.
WEED COMMUNITY ANALYSIS IN MAIZE CROP IN NATURAL CLIMATE OF KHAIRPUR DISTRICT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khaskheli Naeema Khatoon , Sirohi Muzafar Hussain , MAhar Abdul Razak , Mirbahar Ameer Ahmed , Saand Mumtaz Ali , Hussain Mirza
Published: September 2021

Weeds are the noxious plants that stunt growth and yield of many crops. This study recorded the community composition of weeds in maize crops grown at District Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan. The weeds were collected from the maize crops at three different localities using the quadrat method (60 quadrats/site). The species were identified and herbarium samples were preserved in Herbarium, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan, for future reference. The species community composition, habit, and life span were determined. The study confirmed 35 weed species belonging to 14 plant families. The weed community was dominated by the plant families Poaceae (8 spp.), Amaranthaceae (7 spp.), and Aizoaceae (3 spp.). The most frequent species with relatively higher densities include Digera muricata (Amaranthaceae), Trianthema portulacastrum (Aizoaceae), and Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae). The weed community was dominated with annual herbs. The community composition among the study sites was highly comparable. The study found a lack of weed management practices across the sites.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS WATER REGIMES AND HERBICIDES ON THE RE-SPROUTING ABILITY OF COMMON REED RHIZOME FRAGMENTS
Authors: Gul Bakhtiar
Published: September 2021

Abstract Two separate experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various water regimes and herbicides on re-sprouting-ability of common reed rhizome fragments. Each experiment was laid-out in completely randomized design (CRD) having water levels and herbicides as treatments, replicated thrice. Five fragments of fresh rhizomes with active buds were placed in the soil in each pot for investigating the effect of various water regimes on re-sprouting of common reed. Sprouting were examined up to two months. While in the 2nd experiment post emergence herbicides were applied to the re-sprouts to check the efficacy of various herbicides against common reed management. Various water regimes affected the re-sprouting ability of common reed rhizomes. The lowest sprouting (6.66%) were noted for T8 (control) where no water was applied except at the time of placing the rhizomes in the pots, while maximum (96.66%) sprouting observed within (T3) water was applied from 5th to 7th weeks (5 times). While in the 2nd experiment herbicides significantly affected the re-sprouting ability, growth and biomass production of common reed and minimum re-sprouting and shoot biomass (3.33% and 6.00 g), respectively, were noted for fenoxaprop-p-ethyl as compared to control treatment (90.00% and 38.67 g) where no herbicide had been applied. Therefore it is concluded from the results that on either side from water regime T5 the re-sprouting ability decreases and buds mortality increases, which clearly indicates that common reed needs slightly moist soil to start the re-sprouting and do not need standing water during that period, while after re-sprouting it do needs water i.e. from 3rd weed onwards and dry conditions afterwards (T6-T8) cannot be tolerated. Therefore flooding common reed after cutting [1]for three weeks of draining and keeping them dry for 8 weeks can be used as cultural control method for common reed management, while in case of herbicides fenoxaprop-p-ethyl gives desirable results to control the common reed and to stop further infestation.
THE ALLELOPATHICITY OF RED SPRANGLETOP (Leptochloa chinensis L.) AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hayyat Muhammad Sikander , Safdar Muhammad Ehsan , Javaid Muhammad Mansoor
Published: September 2021

Red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.) is a problematic weed of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) that greatly reduces in yield. The laboratory studies were undertaken to confirm allelopathicity of its plant leachates and soil-decomposition plant residues towards emergence and seedling growth of rice. In first experiment, aqueous extracts from various plant parts of red sprangletop (stem, root, leaves, flower and entire plant) at their 5% (w/v) concentration were applied to germinating rice seeds. In second experiment, soil-decomposed red sprangletop plant residues of variable concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) were used as germination media for rice. Among plant parts, red sprangletop leaves showed maximum allelopathic effect by fully inhibiting the germination of rice while its stem could be positioned at second situation as it caused 60, 73, 84.13 and 86 % reductions in germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling dry biomass of rice as compared with control, respectively. This treatment also resulted in maximum delays in mean germination time (up to 4.80 days) and days taken to 50% germination (up to 4.40 days) of rice. The highest concentrated (6%) soil-decomposed plant residue of red sprangletop significantly diminished the germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling vigor index that were 35.13, 23.26 and 41.61% lower than control. It very well may be presumed that liquid concentrates of leave and stem soil-decomposed plant residues of 6% concentration had different kind of allelochemicals that inhibited the germination, seedling growth and development of rice.
MULTIVARIATE MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF WEEDS OF CHICKPEA, MUSTARD AND WHEAT CROP FIELDS OF TEHSIL ISAKHEL, DISTRICT MIANWALI (PUNJAB), PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Sohaib
Published: September 2021

Multivariate analysis through Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) was conducted to study the phytosociological attributes of weeds of some selected crop fields of chickpea, mustard and wheat of Tehsil Isa Khel, District Mianwali, Punjab. Forty one (41) weed species were collected from the study area belonging to twenty one (21) different families. Twenty four weed species found in chickpea, twenty five in mustard and twenty nine in wheat crop fields. Sixteen weed species were common in three crops. Family Poaceae and Astraceae had maximum weed species i.e. 7 and 6 species respectively followed by Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Papaveraceae, Zygophyllaceae and so on. Asphodelus tenuifolius, Medicago monantha and Carthamus oxycantha are frequently occurring weeds relative to others. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) was performed on the percentage cover basis which divided the weed species into groups, sub groups, associations and sub associations.
Legal Reasons Underlying Demonopolization by State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Saleh Putu Samawati
Published: September 2021

Demonopolization policy towards PT. PLN (Persero) and PT. Pelindo (Persero) conducted by the Indonesian government is aimed at enhancing efficiency, the effectiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), as well as global competitiveness. The rationale in determining the demonopolization policy towards the two SOEs is based on the concept of neo-liberalism market economy, which promotes efficiency and effectiveness on free market competition. The concept of neo-liberal economics is contrary to the concept of democratic economics. The concept of democratic economics based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia prioritizes fair efficiency. It is the reason for the Constitutional Court to return monopoly rights to PT. PLN (Persero) as an electricity provider in Indonesia. The argue of monopoly policy or demonopolization policy of SOEs is the main problem that will be elaborated through normative research methods (documentary research) by using secondary data as the main data. Problem analysis was done by qualitative juridical through of statute approach, philosophy approach, and history of law approach. This paper provides the reason of the policy of monopoly exemption on SOEs business activities, as well as the foundation of SOEs demonopolization policy taking into consideration the constitutional basis of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The concept of demonopolization of SOEs is a new one that has never been described in the Indonesian literature. As a result, the demonopolization of SOEs does not divert SOEs into private companies but rather attempts to present competitors to SOEs to be able to compete in fair competition. In another side monopoly of SOEs can be implemented towards managing important production branches that control the livelihoods of many people. It is evidence of the state’s role in ensuring the welfare of its people.
Budget Supervision and Mechanism by an Administrative Village in Indonesia
Authors: Moonti Roy Marthen , Ahmad Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

The role of government in budget management is something that must be done adequately based on the principles such as transparency, accountability, participation, and aspiration; because it is closely related to services in the village. The budget management should be conducted based on the applicable regulations. However, there are often found many village apparatus who has a potency to abuse their power in its authorities. This phenomenon, furthermore, causing some polemics among peoples and tends to abandon some regulations which should become a basis of the apparatus policies. The research aims at investigating the mechanism of village development budget management and the control of village development budget management. The mechanism, however, should be started with proper planning, budgeting, implementation, business manager, report, and accountability. Also, management control is must be done through several stages, such as pre supervision, channelization, use, and post channelization.
Separation of Powers Under the 1999 Nigerian Constitution: The Core Legal Dilemmas
Authors: Adegbite Olusola Babatunde , Oduniyi Oreoluwa Omotayo , Farinde Jubril Akinwunmi
Published: September 2021

At the core of Nigeria's constitutional practice lies the doctrine of separation of powers. The application of the principle is such that power under Nigeria's presidential cum federal system is delineated both horizontally and vertically. Even though the doctrine has a major feature of every constitution in the world, its implementation does not seem satisfactory given the insults that have been carried out by successive governments. This paper examines the doctrine of separation of powers and its complicatedness as regards to its practice in Nigeria's constitutional democracy. Reflecting on the history of Nigeria, this paper will discuss the eroded implementation of the principle of separation. As a result, it seems to be that the concept of "separation" is not going well and tends to fuse the function of executive and legislative institutions. In this situation, the principle is in a dilemma. This paper further offers a flicker of hope by pointing to the fact that all hopes do not appear lost, as the Judiciary still maintains some level of ‘separateness,' except that only time will tell as to how much this lasts.
Cultural Locality and Bureaucracy on the Sukabumi City Police Command
Authors: Dahniel Rycko Amelza
Published: September 2021

Rational bureaucratic models in various organizational contexts can no longer be implemented as originally designed because of the interaction of cultural locality, including in city-level police organizations. Services to the community in the District of Sukabumi cannot be implementedappropriately. It is because there are three problems, namely the absence of detailed and transparent rules, the lack of material and budget support, and the functional relationship between the police and the community, which is influenced by the dominant local culture. This research investigates the variety of features of cultural locality in the bureaucracy of Sukabumi ResortPolice through a qualitative approach.The source of research data is determined purposively and snowball based on an emic approach to get social phenomena that occur. Data mining is carried out in the form of complete participant observation, interviews, and document studies. The results of the research revealed that the bureaucracy in resort police is characterized by a unique hierarchical chain and unity of command through and carried out by superiors, specialization into functions, regulations and organizational policies, standard procedures for each job, career coaching structure, and impersonal relationships. In addition, the cultural context and locality of the Sukabumi community, which is thick with Sundanese culture, become a social convention which is manifested in activities, actions, and ways of thinking. These manifestations are based on friendship, mutual assistance and respect, respect for parents, deliberation in solving social problems that refer to the culture of diriungkeun by using religious figures, preachers, and ajengan as primordial charismatic figures.Cultural context and locality are believed to have influenced the bureaucratic style so that the rational bureaucracy cannot be fully implemented but must adopt local culture.
Az obstruktív alvási apnoe epidemiológiai szűrése célpopulációban
Authors: Szakács Zoltán
Published: September 2021

Az obstruktív alvási apnoe (OSA) valószínűleg a leggyakoribb alvásfüggő légzési rendellenesség. Az Egyesült Államok és Európa legfrissebb adatai szerint a középkorú férfiak 14–49%-a rendelkezik klinikailag jelentős OSA-val. Az OSA és az elhízás közötti szoros kapcsolat azt jelenti, hogy prevalenciája jelentősen fokozódik a globális elhízási járvány kialakulása kapcsán. Egyéni szinten az OSA az életminőség és a funkcionális képesség jelentős csökkenéséhez vezet, a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek és a halál jelentősen megnövekedett kockázata mellett. A felmerülő adatok arra is utalnak, hogy az OSA jelenléte és súlyossága, valamint a kapcsolódó éjszakai hipoxémia, a cukorbetegség és a rák megnövekedett kockázatával jár. Társadalmi szinten az OSA nemcsak a gazdasági termelékenység csökkenéséhez vezet, hanem a magas vérnyomás, a koszorúér-betegség és a stroke egyik fő kezelhető kockázati tényezője. Ez a cikk epidemiológiai szempontból foglalkozik hazánkban az OSA prevalenciájával és az együttes morbiditással.
Egészségügyi képességtervezés a COVID-19 pandémia időszakában
Authors: Fejes Zsolt , Kopcsó István , Zsíros Éva , Péter Ádám , Balázs Péter
Published: September 2021

A COVID-19 világjárvány következtében kialakult globális egészségügyi vészhelyzet a Föld összes kontinensét és teljes lakosságát érintette és érinti napjainkban is. A világjárvány komplex kihívásai folyamatosan próbára teszik az érintett országok egészségügyi ellátórendszereit. A járvány elleni védekezés során dinamikusan változó és fokozódó kihívások rámutatnak arra, hogy hasonló események bekövetkezésével a jövőben is nagy valószínűséggel számolnunk kell, azonban ezekre nem vagyunk megfelelő stratégiákkal felkészülve. Szembesülve a jelen helyzet kihívásaival, elemezve azok katasztrófaorvosi ellátásra vonatkozó részleteit, a Magyar Katonai Katasztrófaorvosi Társaság kidolgozta egy, az ellátás javítását szolgáló új képesség összetevőinek stratégiai besorolását, javasolt szerkezeti összetételét, várható feladatainak körét és várható beszerzési költségeit. A kidolgozásra került ellátó egységnek a „Katasztrófa Helyreállító Egység” nevet adta, amelynek angol elnevezése – Disaster Relief Unit.
Detención sin derechos: el acceso a la salud en estaciones migratorias antes y durante la pandemia por COVID 19
Authors: AVILA MORALES GUADALUPE ARACELI
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta un panorama general del acceso de las personas migrantes al derecho a la atención médica en los centros de detención migratoria en México en los últimos años. Muestra la evidencia generada por el Observatorio de Migración, impulsado por el Instituto para la Seguridad y la Democracia A.C.-Insyde en este tema, así como algunos de los acontecimientos relevantes sobre el contexto migratorio y los retos que enfrenta el Instituto Nacional de Migración ante el COVID 19.
Mediación para prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosocial
Authors: Quintero-De-Moya Hamudy-Fabian
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar al lector la realidad de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. La globalización, la tecnología y la economía son elementos importantes en la actualidad para el mundo empresarial, pero esto no quiere decir que existan mejoras en la prevención de los riesgos psicosociales por parte de las empresas incluso países, los datos muestran la gravedad de la situación con respecto a los accidentes y enfermedades labores que inciden directamente con la calidad de vida de la clase trabajadora, además  la psicología organizacional  juega un papel importante en la prevención y protección de los empleados, disciplinas como la seguridad e higiene laboral ayudan a entender cómo se debería prevenir los riesgos dentro de una organización no obstante, existen mecanismo como los métodos de Solución de conflictos (MSC) que contribuirán a solucionar conflictos dentro de las organizaciones y evitar que se den los riesgos psicosociales, de esta manera se abordara específicamente la  mediación, el cual es un método avalado científicamente que tiene como objetivo resolver cualquier tipo de conflicto entre empleado y empleador, para así mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Validez de contenido y confiablidad de un instrumento de medición para determinar los factores psicosociológicos que impactan en la intención de compra de productos extranjeros en los consumidores mexicanos
Authors: Morán-Huertas Alexis Jazmín , López Alfonso , Mendoza Joel , Alarcon Gustavo
Published: September 2021

En esta investigación se creó un instrumento de medición relacionado con variables del área de la psicología y de la sociología para medir la relación entre las variables y contribuir a la determinación de los factores psicosociológicos que impactan en la intención de compra de productos extranjeros en los consumidores mexicanos, lo cual, permitió cumplir con el objetivo de esta investigación. Dicho instrumento de medición fue validado por parte de varios expertos en el área de la investigación y fue considerado confiable con base en los resultados de la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach debido a que los coeficientes se encuentran en un rango de 0.84 a 0.95.  El instrumento validado y confiable se conformó finalmente por 67 ítems. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia que antes de encuestar a la población objetivo, se determine la validez de contenido y se realicen los análisis de confiabilidad pertinentes con la finalidad de eliminar ítems que no miden lo que realmente deben de medir.
Factores que propician la permanencia de las MiPyMES del sector agroindustrial del estado de Nuevo León
Authors: Martinez de la Cruz Carlos Javier
Published: September 2021

El papel que desempeñan las MiPyMES en México es trascendental debido a que dichas entidades conforman el 99% de las empresas del país. Además, son las principales generadoras de empleo, reduciendo así la pobreza e iniciando generalmente desde el ámbito familiar para posteriormente buscar su formalización (INEGI, 2010). El ambiente de las MiPyMES es altamente competitivo, caracterizado por un gran número de aperturas de este tipo de empresas, así como un gran número de cierres y en el periodo crítico de vida de éstas se encuentra dentro de los primeros 5 años (INEGI, 2018). El presente estudio se centra en la permanencia de las MiPymes, la cual ha sido estudiada por diferentes investigadores debido a la evolución del entorno. Además, dicha variable se ve afectada por diferentes factores, los cuales están en función del ramo o actividad que desempeña, la ubicación geográfica y/o el tamaño de la empresa, es por ello que el estudio está centrado particularmente en las MiPymes del sector Agroindustrial del estado de Nuevo León. El presente documento tiene carácter exploratorio, explicativo y descriptivo mediante la revisión de literatura y estudios empíricos que aborda la hipótesis sobre la relación positiva que existe entre la permanencia de las MiPyMES con las variables de planeación estratégica, el control interno, la innovación y la asociatividad.
The impact of anesthetic techniques on breast cancer recurrence: a systematic review of clinical evidence
Authors: Dourado Aline Tenório , Albuquerque Amanda Vasconcelos de , Sena Dayse Figueiredo Ribeiro de , Aguiar José Lamartine de Andrade
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Surgery is the most effective treatment for breast cancer; however, several factors can impair the immune system during the perioperative period, including the anesthetic technique. Since metastasis is the leading cause of death, one of the treatment pillars is to prevent cancer progression. This systematic review will focus on the prospective clinical evidence available on anesthesia's role in favoring breast cancer recurrence. Methods: The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, LILACs, and Web of Science were electronically searched from inception through December 2020 for randomized controlled trials assessing the association of postoperative recurrence and survival with the use of regional anesthesia, opioids, anesthetic adjuncts, and general anesthesia during surgical resection of breast cancer. In total, 711 articles were retrieved. After title and abstract screening and full-text reviews, five randomized controlled trials were selected. Results: Two studies compared inhalation anesthesia with total intravenous anesthesia, while three compared general anesthesia with regional anesthesia and analgesia. There was no significant association between the anesthetic technique and local recurrence, metastasis, or survival. Conclusion: This systematic review did not find an association between the type of anesthesia performed and a higher breast cancer recurrence rate. Up to this time, there is no clinical evidence to support a specific anesthetic technique for malignant breast tumor resection surgeries.
Evangelização e V Centenário
Authors: Beozzo José Oscar
Published: September 2021

Se tomarmos como ponto de partida Medellín e depois Puebla, o documento preparatório de Santo Domingo, representa um inegável avanço. Em Medellín, ao serem analisadas as transformações por que passava a América Latina e os desafios que estas representavam para a vida e a missão da Igreja, a história não estava presente, em nenhum momento. O corte era sincrônico e apresentava a situação atual da América Latina, com seu rosto de opressões, injustiças e empobrecimento das grandes maiorias...