bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brownian motion with radioactive decay to calculate the dynamic bulk modulus of gases saturating porous media according to Biot theory
Authors: Lafarge Denis , Nemati Navid , Vielpeau Stéphane
Published: September 2023

We present a new stochastic simulation method for determining the long-wavelength effective dynamic bulk modulus of gases, such as ambient air, saturating porous media with relatively arbitrary microgeometries, i.e., simple enough to warrant Biot’s simplification that the fluid and solid motions are quasi-incompressible motions at the pore scale. The simulation method is based on the mathematical isomorphism between two different physical problems. One of them is the actual Fourier heat exchange problem between gas and solid in the context of Biot theory. The other is a diffusion-disintegration-controlled problem that considers Brownian motion of diffusing particles undergoing radioactive-type decay in the pore volume and instant decay at the pore walls. By appropriately choosing the decay time and the diffusion coefficient, the stochastic algorithm we develop to determine the average lifetime of the diffusing particles, directly gives the effective apparent modulus of the saturating fluid. We show how it leads to purely geometric stochastic constructions to determine a number of geometrical parameters. After validating the algorithm for cylindrical circular pores, its power is illustrated for the case of fibrous materials of the type used in noise control. The results agree well with a model of the effective modulus with three purely geometric parameters of the pore space: static thermal permeability divided by porosity, static thermal tortuosity, and thermal characteristic length.
Soil fertility evaluation based on the sugeno fuzzy logical model
Authors: Ziyadullaev Davron , Mukhamedieva Dilnoz , Xoliyorov Umirzoq , Shanasirova Nodira , Hudayberdiyev Ulmasjon , Eshmuradov Dilshod , Dzholdasbaeva Aksulu
Published: September 2023

With the improvement of soils, the productivity of agricultural crops and the efficiency of mineral fertilizers increase;though for individual types of fertilizers the changes take different ways. In different types of soil, different interactions between soil and fertilizersare observed;variouscrop varieties react differently to them, because each variety was bred under one of these interaction conditions, and its influence is phenotypically fixed in it. It was established that the fertility of different types of soils is quantitatively best characterized bystored soil moisture, bulk density, and it is closely related to such generally recognized fertility components as the amount of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. The main aim of the article is to build a Sugeno fuzzy logical model for assessing soil fertility.
Potential of the rhizobacterium Ensifer meliloti for the phytoremediation of mixed PAH–heavy metal contamination
Authors: Sungurtseva Irina , Zryacheva Sofia , Pozdnyakova Natalia , Muratova Anna
Published: September 2023

The potential of the rhizobial strain Ensifer meliloti P221 as a bacterium capable of degrading phenanthrene in the presence of a heavy metal (nickel) and exhibiting plant-growth promoting activity toward Sorghum bicolor under mixed contamination condition was studied. It was shown that nickel at a concentration of 0.1 mM inhibited the microbial growth and phenanthrene degradation by 43 and 34%, respectively. Analysis of the enzymes involved in the phenanthrene degradation by the rhizobium revealed the activity of the phenanthrenequinone reductase (PQR) and protocatechuate 2,3-dioxigenase (2,3-PCD). It was found that nickel at concentrations up to 0.2 mM did not affect significantly the PQR activity, but inhibited it by 30% when the metal concentration increased to 5 mM. Nickel at concentrations up to 5.0 mM did not affect significantly on the activity of 2,3-PCD. E. meliloti promoted elongation of sorghum seedling roots by 69% in medium co-contaminated with phenanthrene and nickel. The results obtained assume that the rhizobial strain studied can exhibit its PAH-degrading and plant-growth promoting activities in the environment co-contaminated with nickel and phenanthrene. This microorganism may be promising for bioremediation and phytoremediation of mixed PAH–heavy metal contamination.
Protozoal infections of young turkeys in the conditions of industrial farms
Authors: Safiullin Rinat , Arisov Mikhail , Chalysheva Elvira
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of monitoring of parasitic protozoa of young turkeys in industrial-type farms of the Central region of Russia. Fecal samples, scrapings from the floor and passages, and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract during slaughter were systematically examined in birds of different ages. The age and seasonal dynamics of their infection with eimeria, as well as contamination of environmental objects by protozoan oocysts, were established. At the same time, the following species were identified in turkeys: Eimeria meleagrimitis (80%), E. meleagridis (15%), E. adenoids (5%). The prevalence in males of 35-49 days old, and in females of 35-49-63 days old was the maximum and amounted to 30–45 and 5–30%, respectively. The obtained results should be used in the organization of therapeutic and preventive measures against parasitic protozoa of young turkeys.
The effectiveness of cultivating soybean varieties of different maturity groups in the conditions of the central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Shabaldas O. , Vlasova O. , Vaitsekhovskaya S. , Mukhina O.
Published: September 2023

The studies were conducted in 2017-2019 at the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in conditions without irrigation and on the basis of the experimental plots of Agrosakhar LLC with the use of irrigation. The territories of the research sites belong to the zone of unstable humidification, characterized by unstable and uneven precipitation during the growing season of soybeans, elevated air temperatures in summer, when soybean plants enter the phases of flowering and grain filling. At the experimental plots of the SSAU experimental station, the soil is represented by leached chernozem, at the experimental sites of Agrosahar LLC by ordinary chernozem. The purpose of the research is to determine the biological characteristics and efficiency of growing new, promising soybean varieties of the southern ecotype. It was found that the most quickly-ripening variety with a growing season of 96 days is the Bara variety, the longest growing season was noted in the mid-ripening Vilana variety – 129 days. The maximum photosynthetic potential of soybean crops was formed under irrigation conditions: quickly-ripening Selecta 101 variety – 1376, early-ripening Duar variety – 1678 and mid-ripening Zara variety – 2167 thous. m2.day/ha. In terms of yield, when growing soybeans without irrigation in the quickly-ripening group, the Lira variety stood out – 1.59 t/ha, in the early-ripening Selecta 201 variety – 1.75 t/ha and the midripening Zara variety – 1.94 t/ha, when irrigation was used in the quickly-ripening group, the Selecta 101 variety stood out – 2.34 t/ha, in the early-ripening Duar variety – 2.89 t/ha and the mid-ripening Zara variety – 3.14 t/ha. In the conditions of the SSAU experimental station without irrigation and in Agrosakhar LLC the largest profit in the amount of 16028 to 40912 rub./ha was obtained by cultivating the mid-ripening Zara variety with a yield of 1.94 - 3.14 t/ha, and the level of profitability ranged from 49.4 to 108.8%.
Problems of using reclaimed land in the Irkutsk region
Authors: Bayanova Anna
Published: September 2023

The research conducted within the framework of the grant of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation on the topic "Research of ownerless reclaimed lands in the Irkutsk region" in 2022 revealed long unused ownerless reclaimed agricultural lands related to pastures and hayfields. On the lands there are long time non-functioning hydro-reclamation drainage systems with destroyed open regulating and conducting network of canals. The surveyed agricultural lands are classified as overwatered. The lands mainly have favorable soil characteristics. Problems of using reclaimed lands have been identified. Recommendations on their further use for involvement into agricultural turnover are given.
Application of the neuro-fuzzy approach to solving problems of soil phases evaluation
Authors: Ziyadullaev Davron , Mukhamedieva Dilnoz , Teshaboyev Mukhammadyahyo , Abdurakhimov Doniyor , Bakhodirov Muzrob , Ziyodullaeva Gulchiroy , Abduraimov Dostonbek
Published: September 2023

The role of variety in the efficient use of fertilizers is enormous. However, most researchers limited their studies to stating the facts about the different productivity of varieties under certain conditions of mineral nutrition. Varieties bear the "imprint" of the conditions in which they are bred. Hence, it is necessary to studythe features of their nutrition, the crop formation, and the quality of products at different forms, doses, ratios, terms and methods of applying mineral fertilizers on various soils of thecultivation zone of a given crop. The main aim of the article is to evaluate soil phases based on the use of a neuro-fuzzy approach. Three soil types were considered: irrigated typical serozem, serozem-meadow soil, and newly irrigated light serozem. A computational experiment was conducted to assess the type of soil, taking into account characteristics such as soil density and humus in percentage terms.
Soil fertility evaluation based on the sugeno fuzzy logical model
Authors: Ziyadullaev Davron , Mukhamedieva Dilnoz , Xoliyorov Umirzoq , Shanasirova Nodira , Hudayberdiyev Ulmasjon , Eshmuradov Dilshod , Dzholdasbaeva Aksulu
Published: September 2023

With the improvement of soils, the productivity of agricultural crops and the efficiency of mineral fertilizers increase; though for individual types of fertilizers the changes take different ways. In different types of soil, different interactions between soil and fertilizersare observed;variouscrop varieties react differently to them, because each variety was bred under one of these interaction conditions, and its influence is phenotypically fixed in it. It was established that the fertility of different types of soils is quantitatively best characterized bystored soil moisture, bulk density, and it is closely related to such generally recognized fertility components as the amount of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. The main aim of the article is to build a Sugeno fuzzy logical model for assessing soil fertility.
Investigation of the effect of water treated with low-temperature plasma on the formation of seedlings and sprouts of vegetables
Authors: Lubin Anton , Yakushin Roman , Abizov Evgeny , Chistolinov Andrey , Kirichenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2023

The article presents a study of the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the development of seedlings from carrot and radish seeds, as well as forcing of garlic with its subsequent growth during its vegetative reproduction. The results of the experiment were obtained by a comparative analysis of the parameters of the development of crops and plantings, watering of which was carried out with treated, as well as not treated with low-temperature plasma water. During the germination of carrot and radish seeds, as well as forcing of garlic bulbs from the cloves, the positive effect of plasma-treated water was established. The germination numbers of carrot and radish seeds increased by an average of 18-20%, and the germination of garlic cloves by 20 ± 5%. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the PAW treatment of the planting material of root and bulbous vegetable crops contributes to the acceleration of certain physiological processes (removal from the latent stage of seeds and the beginning of bulb vegetation), as well as, possibly, to the acceleration of mitotic processes of the apical meristems of the studied plants. This work can form the basis of a fundamentally new eco-friendly, as well as cost-effective approach in the cultivation of food, medicinal and other industrially significant plants.
Identification and worldwide populational distribution of personality-related candidate genes in goat (Capra Hircus) using a translational approach
Authors: Piskunov Aleksei , Voronkova Valeriya , Nikolaeva Elina , Semina Magdalena , Stolpovsky Yuri
Published: September 2023

Biodiversity of farm animals is a highly valuable resource for sustainable development of humanity especially when faced environmental and economic changes. Intensification of farm industry destabilizes animal’s genetic diversity. Farm animals’ behaviour shaped during the long period off domestication might be of the specific risk being poorly investigated due to the difficulties in measuring behavioural traits. Here we use translational approach by identifying goat orthologues of human personality-related genes as in the recent study of Tamu Yokomori et al. (2023) that dealt with racing horses’ personality. We extended this approach by using a huge dataset covering goat populations through all the World, that allowed to investigate populational distribution of alleles in personality related genes. We identified 41 SPN in 18 genes that were previously shown to be polymorphic both in human and horses in the study of Yokomori et al. Many of them showed highly asymmetric distribution that suggest an important role for these genes in goat evolution and domestication.
Effect of different zinc concentrations on the growth functions of spring wheat seedlings
Authors: Seregina Inga , Akhmetzhanov Daniel , Trukhachev Vladimir , Belopukhov Sergey , Dmitrevskaya Inna , Islamgulova Regina
Published: September 2023

In laboratory experiments, the effect of different concentrations of zinc on the growth processes of seedlings of spring wheat cv. Ester was studied. The optimal concentration of zinc for seed treatment before sowing was revealed. The optimal concentration of zinc has a positive effect on the length of sprouts and roots, as well as the photosynthesis of seedlings of spring wheat in the early stages of development.
Content of heterocyclic aromatic amines and D-enantiomers of amino acids in sausage products
Authors: Utyanov Dmitry , Knyazeva Alexandra , Kulikovskii Andrey , Kurzova Anastasiya
Published: September 2023

The scientific community has recently paid attention to the formation and content of heterocyclic aromatic amines in food products. This is because of the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of HAAs, which can have a carcinogenic effect on the human body. A similar situation is with the D-enantiomers of amino acids - stereoisomers of L-forms of amino acids, which are often found in tissues for pathological diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, etc. The present work examines sausages sold in Moscow, Russia, for their HAA and D-enantiomer amino acid content. The results showed that the accumulation of HAA and D-enantiomers of amino acids occurred in each of the selected species during the manufacturing process. The authors found the least amount of HAA in boiled sausage products, with an average content of about the same (0.36-2.87 μg/kg), except for one sample (7.24 μg/kg). Smoked sausage products contained HAA ranging from 3.05 to 7.53 μg/kg, except for one sample, which contained 0.49 μg/kg of HAA. Boiled-smoked sausages had the highest HAA content, these samples also had the highest range, from 1.54 to 40.68 μg/kg. The lowest content of D-enantiomers of amino acids was in the samples of boiled sausages, with an average content of ≈13 mg/100g. The next highest content of D-enantiomers of amino acids - products of sausage boiled-smoked with an average content of ≈21 mg/100g. Next comes smoked sausage products, the content of analytes (D-enantiomers of amino acids) at ≈27 mg/100g. The highest number of D-enantiomers of amino acids was in the samples of smoked sausage products, which were made with starter cultures, and ranged from 52.36 to 72.13 mg/100g.
On the use of citizen science in the agricultural sector
Authors: Botygin Igor , Goncharova Natalya , Sherstneva Anna , Sherstnev Vladislav
Published: September 2023

You The development and active introduction of computerized technology and information and communication technologies into the agrarian sphere contribute to the emergence of new forms of active e-participation and rural citizens in the socio-political processes of their regions. The article examines the concept of citizen science and theoretical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of e-participation projects. In the stack of smart agriculture tools and technologies, citizen science is an approach that has great potential as a tool that can provide timely and relevant data to improve the well-being of the agricultural sector, by keeping the entire population engaged and informed. The study will be of interest to government and business representatives involved in the development, implementation and improvement of existing information and communication technologies for socio-political participation of citizens.
Comparative study of physical and chemical properties of PLA-based films obtained by solution casting and flat-slot die melt extrusion
Authors: Ertiletskaya Natalya , Avramchenko Anton , Prokopchuk Yulia , Shalygina Taisia , Boyandin Anatoly , Sukhanova Anna
Published: September 2023

In this study the effect of processing methods on physical and chemical properties of polylactide (PLA) (Mn 130 kDa, L-93/ D-7) was investigated. PLA-films were obtained by solution casting and melt extrusion using Bestfiilament extruder equipped with flat-slot die. SEM, AFM, FTIR-spectroscopy and DSC were used for characterization of the films. The films obtained by flat-slot die melt extrusion had a relief surface with prominent strands and inclusions, while the cast films had a smooth surface with pores or gaps ranging in size from 20 to 60 μm. The average roughness (Ra) and root-mean-square roughness (Rq) of the surface of cast films were at the level of 45-48 and 37-39 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, for the melt films these values increased and corresponded to 122 and 65 nm, respectively. According to FTIR, both types of films were characterized by an increase in the absorption peaks at 1800-1700, 1450-1470 and 1350-1320 cm-1, which correspond to stretch vibrations of ester bond and bending vibrations of the C-H bond, respectively. DSC data showed decrease in crystallinity of PLA and change in its internal structure from amorphous-crystalline to amorphous after the processing.
Integer optimal control problems with total variation regularization: Optimality conditions and fast solution of subproblems
Authors: Marko Jonas , Wachsmuth Gerd
Published: September 2023

We investigate local optimality conditions of first and second order for integer optimal control problems with total variation regularization via a finite-dimensional switching-point problem. We show the equivalence of local optimality for both problems, which will be used to derive conditions concerning the switching points of the control function. A non-local optimality condition treating back-and-forth switches will be formulated. For the numerical solution, we propose a proximal-gradient method. The emerging discretized subproblems will be solved by employing Bellman’s optimality principle, leading to an algorithm which is polynomial in the mesh size and in the admissible control levels. An adaption of this algorithm can be used to handle subproblems of the trust-region method proposed in Leyffer and Manns, ESAIM: Control Optim. Calc. Var. 28 (2022) 66. Finally, we demonstrate computational results.
Water Pressure Drop versus Flow Rate; Its Effect on Rewarming in Infant/Pediatric Heat Exchangers
Authors: Schiavo Joseph , Heldmann Eileen , Cappola Paul R. , Amato Joseph J. , Ali Khan M. A.
Published: September 2023

Four pediatric heat exchangers were tested to determine whether the water pressure gradient through the units, and the related drop in flow, has a significant effect on rewarm time. Varying resistances were noted in each unit, which seemed primarily dependent on heat exchanger design. While the units offering less resistance to water flow would theoretically transfer more heat due to higher water flowrates, they did not demonstrate shorter warm times clinically. The shorter warm times seen clinically were more dependent upon blood flowrates used.
Accuracy of Oxygen Partial Pressure Measurements: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Reeder Gary D. , Hood Andrew G.
Published: September 2023

The accuracy of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) analysis was examined in two commercially available systems, an IL 513 blood gas analyzer and a new in-line sensor from Orange Medical Instruments.

Data was obtained with each system after equilibration of an in vitro test circuit with specially formulated tonometry gases. The response of each system was examined over a pO2 range from 19 Torr to 400 Torr. The effect of hypothermia on analytical accuracy of each system was evaluated over a range of 37°C to 21.5°C.

A high degree of temperature dependent error was found with analysis on an IL 513 system. This resulted in significant underestimation of true pO2 under most conditions examined. In contrast, the in-line sensor was found to report significantly more accurate data with less temperature dependence.
Developing a Perfusion Technology Curriculum Using the DACUM Process
Authors: Frankenberg Deborah L. , Foegelle Walter E.
Published: September 2023

The DACUM process was used to develop a curriculum for a Perfusion Technology Bachelor of Science Program at Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Allied Health Sciences.

DACUM, an acronym for developing a curriculum, is a brainstorming process for defining a job in terms of the skills necessary to perform it daily. As a result of the DACUM process, general areas of competence are identified and subdivided into specific skills. Once the necessary skills are identified, courses are designed to teach the skills.
Particulate Removal Efficiency in Arterial Screen Filters
Authors: Massimino R. J. , Stearns G. T. , Gough J. D. , Dyer R. , Martin J.
Published: September 2023

Six types of commercially available arterial screen filters ranging from 20 to 40 microns pore size were evaluated for their efficiency in removing particulate matter. Five filters of each of these six commercial types were tested, for a total of thirty filters.

Three sizes of polystryene microspheres ranging from 25 to 53 microns in diameter were used to simulate particulate contamination. For each determination, approximately 124,000 microspheres were introduced proximal to each filter in a circuit flowing at 6L/min.

An ultrasonic microemboli detector was positioned distal to each filter to monitor the presence of microspheres.

Filtration efficiency ranged from 20.6% to 99.6% with 25 micron spheres, 13.9% to 99.5% with 35 micron spheres, and 94.4% to 99.4% with 53 micron spheres.
Concentration of Blood in the Extracorporeal Circuit Using Ultrafiltration
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Nelson Roy , Levy Ronald , Carolina Clifford , Rea Nancy , Salogub Michelle , Hall Michael , Moccio Carmine , Tortolani Anthony
Published: September 2023

During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) the concentration of blood components is controlled by fluid administration and diuresis. However, diuresis is not always adequate and at the end of CPB the diluted pump blood, unless processed by expensive and cumbersome RBC saving techniques, is usually discarded. To control “diuresis” during CPB and to concentrate all blood components of the diluted pump blood post CPB, we evaluated ultrafiltration as a technique to extract plasma water from the extracorporeal circuit in 17 patients. At the end of each case, the blood left in the CPB circuit was circulated through a hollow fiber dialyzer (TriEx-3, Extracorporeal). At a transmembrane pressure of 430 torr, plasma water was extracted at 29 cc/min. Extracting plasma water decreased the initial pump volume by 50% causing the initial concentration of blood components to increase as follows: hemoglobin 80%, platelets 53%, fibrinogen 79%, total protein 75%, and plasma hemoglobin 294%. Following concentration, the high activated partial thromboplastin, prothrombin and thrombin times obtained for the pump blood decreased towards normal. There were no clinically significant changes in the plasma concentration of electrolytes. The concentrated blood was transfused to the patient within 2 hours of collection without any adverse effects. As compared to the increase in hemoglobin, the smaller increase in platelets and larger increase in plasma hemoglobin indicates that the dialyser caused some platelet loss and red blood cell damage. However, the concentrated blood did provide whole blood for the patient without the risks associated with donor blood.
Which barcode to decipher freshwater microalgal assemblages? Tests on mock communities
Authors: Canino Alexis , Lemonnier Clarisse , Alric Benjamin , Bouchez Agnès , Domaizon Isabelle , Laplace-Treyture Christophe , Rimet Frédéric
Published: September 2023

DNA metabarcoding can be a promising alternative to microscopy for analysing phytoplankton, a key ecological indicator for freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different barcodes and associated primer pairs to assess microalgal diversity with DNA metabarcoding using a single barcode targeting all microalgae. We investigated barcodes in 16S and 23S rRNA genes, encoding for prokaryotic ribosomal sub-units, that are present in Cyanobacteria as well as in chloroplasts.In silicoPCR tests were carried out on eight 16S and five 23S primer pairs using the Phytool reference library. Two and three pairs were selected for 16S and 23S, respectively, to perform anin vitrometabarcoding test based on a mock community made of DNA extracts of 10 microalgae strains. The 23S pairs enabled to detect all species, whereas 16S ones failed in the detection of some of them. One pair was selected for each genetic marker, based on its efficiency and specificity towards microalgae (e.g.not heterotrophic bacteria). Another mock community covering a larger diversity (18 microalgae strains) was used to test the efficiency of the selected pairs and their ability to estimate relative abundances. The 23S pair performed better than the 16S one for detecting target species with also more accuracy to assess their relative abundances. We conclude that the 23S primer pair ECLA23S_F1/ECLA23S_R1 appears as a good candidate to decipher freshwater phytoplankton communities. As a next step, it will be necessary to confirm these results on a large diversity of natural communities.
On the Asymptotic Behaviour of Superexponential Lévy Processes
Authors: Albin J.M.P. , Sundén Mattias
Published: September 2023

We study tail probabilities of superexponential infinite divisible distributions as well as tail probabilities of suprema of Lévy processes with superexponential marginal distributions over compact intervals.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnancy – Recommendations of the Working Group on Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine (AGG – Section on Maternal
Disorders)
Authors: Schneider Michael Oliver , Faschingbauer Florian , Kagan Karl Oliver , Groß Uwe , Enders Martin , Kehl Sven ,   for the AGG Section Maternal Diseases
Published: September 2023

Aim The AGG (Working Group for Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Section Maternal Diseases) has issued these recommendations to improve the detection and management of Toxoplasma
gondii infection in pregnancy.

Methods Members of the Task Force developed the recommendations and statements presented here using recently published literature. The recommendations were adopted after a consensus
process by members of the working group.

Recommendations This article focuses on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy and includes recommendations for maternal and fetal
diagnosis, transmission prophylaxis, therapy, prevention, screening, and peripartum management.
Motivieren, inspirieren, begleiten – was für ein
Thema für die Neuroreha!
Authors: Lotze Martin , Mehrholz Jan , Menig Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Haben Sie im Sommer wieder genügend Kraft getankt, um
Patient*innen oder auch Kolleg*innen zu
motivieren? Natürlich ist es leichter, wenn wir selbst positiv eingestellt
sind und eine gute Portion Motivation mitbringen, um die Neurorehabilitation zum
Erfolg zu führen. Wie immer ist fachliches Wissen sehr hilfreich, um einen
langen Atem zu haben und langfristige Erfolge zu erzielen. Deshalb haben wir diese
Ausgabe thematisch gebündelt.
Motivation ist entscheidend: eine Perspektive für die
Neuro-rehabilitation
Authors: Martínez Yésica
Published: September 2023

Motivation spielt in der Neurorehabilitation eine entscheidende Rolle und ist ein
wichtiger Prädiktor für den Erfolg des Rehabilitationsprozesses.
Motivation ist ein komplexes Konstrukt, das sowohl interne als auch externe
Faktoren umfasst, die das Verhalten eines Patienten beeinflussen. Ein Mangel an
Motivation kann auf verschiedene Faktoren zurückgeführt werden,
die meist in hirnorganische oder psychoreaktive Ursachen unterteilt werden. Das
Verständnis der Faktoren, die die Motivation in der Neurorehabilitation
beeinflussen, ist wichtig für die Gestaltung effektiver
Rehabilitationsprogramme. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick
über die aktuelle Forschung zur Motivation in der Neurorehabilitation,
einschließlich der beteiligten neuronalen Mechanismen, der Faktoren, die
die Motivation beeinflussen, und der Strategien zur Steigerung der
Motivation.
„Ich glaube an mich selbst“
Authors: Menig InterviewvonAlexandra
Published: September 2023

Motivation wird aus Sicht der Experten in der Literatur als wichtiger Faktor
für den Miterfolg in der Rehabilitation beschrieben. Im Interview
schildert eine 59 Jahre alte Patientin nach einer Stammganglienblutung im Sommer
2022 ihre Erfahrungen während der stationären Rehabilitation
sowie im ambulanten Setting.
Pippi geht von Bord – und nun? Konservative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der weiblichen Harninkontinenz, ein praxisorientierter Bericht basierend auf der aktuellen S2k-Leitlinie Harninkontinenz
Authors: Höfling-Streitenfeld Christine
Published: September 2023

Harninkontinenz der Frau kann in jedem Lebensalter auftreten. Es gibt ein breites diagnostisches und therapeutisches Instrumentarium, dessen Anwendung sich am Leidensdruck und an der Therapiemotivation der Patientin orientiert. Vor einer operativen Therapie der Inkontinenz sollten konservative Maßnahmen berücksichtigt werden. Eine fachgerechte Diagnostik und eine gut fundierte Beratung kann jeder betroffenen Frau die Chance auf eine individualisierte Behandlung eröffnen. Ziel dieses Beitrags sind praxisnahe und patientenorientierte Tipps aus Sicht einer Klinikerin zu formulieren.
Comparing Three-dimensional and Two-dimensional Preoperative Planning for Lumbar Transpedicular Screw Placement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Doğu Hüseyin , Abdallah Anas , Muçuoğlu Ali O. , Demirel Nail , Elmadağ N. Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Background Transpedicular screw (TPS) misplacement is still a nightmare for spine surgeons. Preoperative planning is one of the methods that a surgeon could use to minimize this complication. This study aims to compare the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) preoperative planning in posterior lumbar TPSs placement performed using the freehand technique.

Patients and Methods Patients who underwent posterior TPSs placement for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis using the freehand technique between November 2021 and October 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. In total, 33 and 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively operated on with preoperative 2D and 3D planning, respectively. The patients were divided into the 2D preoperative planning group (2DG) and 3D preoperative planning group (3DG) and the two groups were compared.

Results Sixty-three patients were operated during the study period. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding blood transfusion, operation time, and radiation exposure. Although the accuracy of TPSs positioning was 94.2 and 96.5% in the 2DG and 3DG, respectively, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The upper facet joint violation rate was 12.8% (n = 20) in the 2DG versus 3.5% (n = 5) in the 3DG (p = 0.006). All L4 TPSs were inserted with their standard entry points without any modification (p < 0.0001; relative/risk ratio = 0.64). The modification rate was higher in L1, L2, and L5 TPSs (p < 0.0001; χ
2 = 24.7).

Conclusion For patients with degenerative lumbar diseases, 3D preoperative planning in posterior lumbar instrumentation surgeries performed with the freehand technique decreased the upper facet joint violation rate.
Insights into the Regioselectivity of Metal-Catalyzed Aryne Reactions
Authors: Plasek Erin E. , Denman Brylon N. , Roberts Courtney C.
Published: September 2023

The synthetic potential of unsymmetrically substituted aryne intermediates is significantly hindered by regioselectivity issues. Current methods for inducing regioselectivity all rely on substrate control and are focused on non-metallated arynes. Before our initial disclosure, there was no systematic study regarding the regioselectivity of metal-catalyzed aryne reactions. By exploiting ligand control, we have induced regioselectivity in a palladium-catalyzed aryne annulation to form phenanthridinones (up to 9:91 r.r.). Through this study we have investigated: ligand effects, influence of steric perturbation, and the impact of the aryne precursor.

1 Introduction

2 Inducing Regioselectivity via Ligand Control

3 A Comparison of o-Borylaryl Triflate Aryne Precursors to Kobayashi Aryne Precursors

4 Conclusion
Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization–Thiocarbonylation Cascade Using Thioesters
Authors: Nakada Masahisa , Ito Ryunosuke , Okura Yoshifumi
Published: September 2023

A Pd-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization–thiocarbonylation cascade using thioesters is described. The developed cascade reaction afforded chromane, coumaran, indoline, and oxindole derivatives with a chiral quaternary carbon atom at the benzylic position in high to excellent yields. Relative to those observed in the previously reported relevant cascade using TIPSSPh, the yields with thioesters are almost the same or higher, depending on the substrate. Moreover, the use of thioesters significantly reduces the reaction time to less than one hour. Therefore, AcSPh is advantageous over TIPSSPh in terms of reaction time, atom economy, and cost effectiveness.
Indirect Anterior Restorations with no-prep technique: Aesthetic and Biological Effectiveness
Authors: Pappalardo Alfio , Fiorillo Luca , Catalano Francesco , Cervino Gabriele
Published: September 2023

The aesthetic result in the ceramic restoration of anterior teeth has always been a challenge in clinical practice and, in these cases, success depends on the skills of both the clinician and the dental technician. In current dentistry, the main objective is to pursue aesthetic results while preserving biological structures. Among the various conservative techniques available for anterior restorations, veneers are the most advantageous, compared to traditional crown preparation, both for the amount of tooth structure preserved in the preparation phase and for the direct adhesion on the enamel in the cementation. This article presents a clinical case of no-prep porcelain veneers (no-prep technique) for smile frame restoration.
Robotic Nerve Surgery: Brachial Plexus
Authors: Parham Matthew J. , Cole Samuel H. , Yim Nicholas H. , Pederson William C.
Published: September 2023

Management of closed brachial plexus injuries has traditionally favored conservative approaches with lengthy intervals between initial injury and surgical reconstruction. The complex anatomy of this region often requires large incisions with extensive dissection. Recently, the use of robotic systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery has been increasing, and robot-assisted brachial plexus reconstruction is a novel application that is currently being explored. Current literature describing this application is primarily comprised of feasibility studies using animal and cadaver models, and literature describing use in human subjects is limited. Advantages demonstrated by these early studies include the reduction of physiologic tremor, 3D visualization of anatomical structures, and ergonomic positioning; this allows for increased surgical dexterity and the ability to perform minimally invasive microsurgical procedures within the confined anatomical spaces of the brachial plexus. Limitations revolve around inadequate instrumentation, large learning curves, and increased costs that restrict the ability to perform these complex microsurgical procedures reliably and efficiently. As companies continue to develop instrumentation specific to robot-assisted microsurgery, more extensive longitudinal studies outlining long-term costs, changes in operating time, and functional outcomes will be required before a conclusion about the utility of these systems in brachial plexus surgery can be made.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Combined with Complete Radial Tear of the Posterior Horn of the Lateral Meniscus: Suture or Resection?
Authors: Chen Daohua , Wu Rong , Lai Yanqing , Xiao Bo , Lai Jiajing , Zhang Minghua
Published: September 2023

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture often presents with a tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. There is no clear preference between ACL reconstruction with suture and resection of the meniscus. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of ACL reconstruction with suture versus resection in patients presenting with arthroscopic ACL rupture and radial complete tear of the posterior corner of the lateral meniscus. We retrospectively analyzed 157 patients with ACL rupture and complete radial tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Between May 2010 and April 2015, 86 of 157 patients underwent ACL reconstruction and meniscus suture (study group, 54.78%) and 71 of 157 patients underwent ACL reconstruction and meniscus resection (control group, 45.22%) in our department. All patients were monitored over the 12 to 72-month follow-up period. The primary evaluation indices were the Lysholm scores, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, pivot shift test, the Barret criteria, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of meniscal healing. The majority of 157 patients were relatively young men (29.64 ± 7.79 years) with low body mass index (BMI) (23.79 ± 2.74). The postoperative Lysholm and IKDC scores of the two groups were significantly improved over the corresponding preoperative scores (p < 0.05). The clinical results and excellent and good rates were significantly better for the study group than for the control group (both, p < 0.05). MRI showed that the meniscal healed rate of the study group was 96.51%. There was no significant difference in BMI between subgroups for any functional outcome. For patients with ACL rupture and complete radial tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, ACL reconstruction and both simultaneous suture and resection of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus were found to be safe and effective. There was no association between outcomes and BMI. However, the former was associated with a superior long-term clinical effect and may restore the integrity of the meniscus and is particularly recommended for young patients.
Platelet and erythrocyte parameters in type 2 diabetic moroccan patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mhirig Ibtissam , Harrar Sara , Habibi Leila , Sayagh Sanae , Aboulmakarim Siham
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Complete blood count parameters have gained renewed interest as predictors of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the aim of this study was to observe the changes in platelet and erythrocyte parameters between diabetics and nondiabetics and to evaluate these changes in relation to glycemic control.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed in Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco, from January 2020 to July 2021. A total of 307 Moroccan patients were enrolled in this study, which included 222 diabetic patients and 85 nondiabetics. The diabetic patients were divided into two groups A (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≤ 6.5%) and B (HbA1c < 6.5%) according to their glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Biological parameters were processed as per the standard technique. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software (Statistical Package for Scientific Studies; IBM Corp. Armonk, New York, United States), and it was described as mean and standard deviation.

Results:

A significant difference was mentioned regarding mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (p < 0.001), and volume/platelet count (p = 0.023) between diabetics and nondiabetics. MCV and RDW were lower in group B than group A (p = 0.004; p = 0.04), while MPV was higher (p = 0.342). RDW significantly and negatively correlated with HbA1c in diabetic population (r = –0.182; p = 0.006). On the other hand, a significant and positive correlation between MPV and HbA1c was mentioned (r = +0.184; p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that RDW and MPV correlate with HbA1c in T2DM and can be used as a reproducible and inexpensive means to ensure proper control of glycemic status. Further studies are warranted to define specific RDW and MPV values predictive of complication risk in the diabetic population.
Surviving in a male academia: gender gap, publication strategies and career stage in South European political science journals
Authors: Bosco Anna , Verney Susannah , Bermúdez Sandra , Tonarelli Annalisa
Published: September 2023

Women’s underrepresentation in top political science journals has been a central concern of both the American Political Science Association and the European Consortium of Political Research, which have promoted studies to assess the extent and features of the gender gap. However, so far in Southern Europe, research on this topic has been scarce. Our work adds to the literature by presenting new data on three journals: the Italian Political Science Review, the Spanish Political Science Review and South European Society and Politics. The research has three main goals: to gauge the gender gap in the three journals; to examine whether gender influences publication preferences; and to investigate how career intersects with gendered publication strategies. The analysis is built on a database of almost 800 articles and about 1400 authors, published in these three journals in 2011–2022. Our main findings are that South European journals reveal a gender gap similar to other international journals, where just one-third of authors are women; that this publication gap is accompanied by gendered publication strategies; and that the routes men and women follow to succeed in academic publishing diverge at every career stage. Finally, we argue that women's preferred strategies may not offer the optimum path to career success.
Visualization of supersonic combustion using high-speed camera/dual-component planar laser-induced fluorescence simultaneous diagnostic technique
Authors: Wang Hongbo , He Zhonghao , Tang Tao , Li Fan , Tian Yifu , Wan Minggang , Zhu Jiajian , Sun Mingbo
Published: September 2023

High-spatiotemporal-resolution diagnostics are important for capturing fine physicochemical structures in supersonic combustion. In this study, a high-speed camera (HSC)/dual-component planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) simultaneous diagnostic technique is developed and applied to an ethylene-fueled scramjet to determine the flame structures and heat release characteristics of cavity shear-layer stabilized combustion. CH2O-PLIF and OH-PLIF simultaneous imaging techniques are used to capture the transient structures in the preheat and product zones of the flame, while the heat release zone (HRZ) is identified by the product of these two signals. Synchronized HSC techniques are used to capture the full-band flame fluorescence. The flame base was found to stabilize in the cavity shear layer at a certain distance downstream of the leading edge. The HRZ was initiated near the flame base and gradually spread into the mainstream. Upstream of the HRZ, the partially premixed fuel jet undergoes preheating oxidation reactions, forming the preheat zone adjacent to the HRZ. Downstream of the HRZ, hot products were produced, forming the product zone distributed in both the cavity and mainstream. The central role of the cavity is to provide a favorable environment for stabilizing the flame base rather than participating in heat release reactions. Schlieren images and wall pressure distributions are also documented, constituting a dataset that could be used to validate computational models.
Atomistic models of In and Ga diffusion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2
Authors: Gehrke Aaron S. , Sommer David E. , Dunham Scott T.
Published: September 2023

To improve the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film photovoltaic devices, a robust understanding of the dominant diffusion pathways of the alloy species In and Ga is needed. Here, the most probable defect complexes and mechanisms for In and Ga diffusion are identified with the aid of density functional theory. The binding energies and migration barriers for these complexes are calculated in bulk CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2. Analytic models and kinetic lattice Monte Carlo simulations are employed to predict the diffusivity of In and Ga under variations in composition and temperature. We find that a model based on coulombic interactions between group III antisites and vacancies on the Cu-sublattice produces results that match well with experiment.
High-throughput computation and machine learning of refractive index of polymers
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Rajak Pankaj , Irie Ayu , Fukushima Shogo , Kalia Rajiv K. , Nakano Aiichiro , Nomura Ken-ichi , Shimojo Fuyuki , Vashishta Priya
Published: September 2023

Refractive index (RI) of polymers plays a crucial role in the design of optoelectronic devices, including displays and image sensors. We have developed a framework for (1) high-throughput computation of RI values for computationally synthesized amorphous polymer structures based on a generalized polarizable reactive force-field (ReaxPQ+) model, which is orders-of-magnitude faster than quantum-mechanical methods; (2) prediction of composition–structure–RI relationships based on a machine-learning model based on graph attention neural network; and (3) computation of frequency-dependent RI combining ReaxPQ+ and Lorentz-oscillator models. The framework has been tested on a computational database of amorphous polymers.