bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of mindfulness, coping styles and resilience on job retention and burnout in caregivers supporting aggressive adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Nevill R. E. , Havercamp S. M.
Published: January 2019

Background

Considering the growing body of studies investigating the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on caregivers supporting people with developmental disabilities, the current study aimed to explore the role that the cognitive processes of mindfulness, coping style and resilience played in predicting caregiver retention and burnout among a sample of direct support professionals working with aggressive adults with developmental disabilities.

Methods

Ninety‐seven direct support professionals were surveyed to determine level of mindfulness, coping styles, resilience and burnout and were interviewed 3 months later to determine if they were still working with the aggressive adult.

Results

Mindfulness skills of describing non‐judgmentally and observing one's environment, as well as problem‐focused coping, emerged as protective factors against burnout, while avoidance‐focused and maladaptive coping emerged as risk factors. Mindful openness acted as the only predictor of job retention.

Conclusions

These results support that paid caregivers should receive trainings in mindfulness and positive coping mechanisms as part of their job trainings, to promote positive outcomes for both themselves and the people they support.
Performing Pluralism: Language, Indigeneity, and Ritual Activism in Amazonia
Authors: Wroblewski Michael
Published: January 2019

Utilizo estudios anteriores de la actuación y política de identidad, activismo, y modernidad indígena en América Latina para analizar formas discursivas interrelacionadas entre los Kichwa del Ecuador Amazónico, incluyendo la naración, entrevistas meta‐lingüísticas, y representaciones urbanas de la comunicación ritualista. Argumento que el discurso Napo Kichwa es definida por el pluralismo, o la coexistencia y objetivación de lenguas, voces, y conocimientos múltiples y contrastantes. El pluralismo es explícito en el activismo ritual, un género de discurso ritualista que ha sido reformulado por un propósito político. Aumento la descripción etnográfica del discurso de los Kichwas Amazónicos y su cosmología, mostrando que los Napo Kichwa incluyen varias comunidades rurales y urbanos, distintamente conectados con varios lenguas y conocimientos. Propongo que el pluralismo discursivo representa una característica de la modernidad indígena en general, donde la objetivación de la alteridad y la demostración de dominio de conocimientos no‐indígenas son estrategias importantes para enfrentar el cambio sociopolítico.
Afro‐Cuban Counterpoint: Religious and Political Encompassments
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Anastasios , Espirito Santo Diana
Published: January 2019

En este artículo proponemos entender la religiosidad afrocubana de una manera que no la ve como si fuese un epifenómeno de los regímenes políticos o como uno de resistencia en términos de sus dimensiones simbólicas. Argumentamos que la religión afrocubana produce personas como hiper‐individualizadas, a través de cosmologias que, en gran medida, “abarcan” la vida cotidiana, incluyendo la política. La Revolución Socialista, por lo contrario, ha intentado “abarcar” el individuo atribuyendole un destino universalmente ético e ideológico. Tales direcciones opuestas de “abarcamiento” no crean un esquema jerárquico rígido, sino, en gran medida, dejan las tensiones sin resolución. Ambos tipos de ideales de personas en última instancia no llegan a realizarse en su totalidad. Precisamente porque uno florece donde el otro falla, la relación entre las religiones afrocubanas y la política socialista obtiene características de contrapunteo, un término designado por Fernando Ortiz, lo cual deja un espacio vital para conflicto, resitencia y ruptura.
New antibiotic regimen for preterm premature rupture of membrane reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Tanaka Satoko , Tsumura Keisuke , Nakura Yukiko , Tokuda Tsugumichi , Nakahashi Hiroaki , Yamamoto Tomoko , Ono Takeshi , Yanagihara Itaru , Nomiyama Makoto
Published: January 2019

Aim

The optimal antibiotic regimen for preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROM) is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of ampicillin–sulbactam (SBT/ABPC) and azithromycin (AZM) on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods

This retrospective study included women with singleton gestations and a diagnosis of pPROM between 22 and 27 weeks of gestation. In patients presenting with a high risk of intra‐amniotic infection between January 2011 and May 2013, piperacillin or cefmetazole + clindamycin (regimen 1 group; n = 11) was administered, whereas SBT/ABPC and AZM (regimen 2 group; n = 11) were administered in patients presenting a similar risk between June 2013 and May 2016.

Results

The incidence of moderate or severe infant BPD in the regimen 2 group was significantly lower than that in the regimen 1 group, even when adjusted for gestational age at the time of rupture of membrane, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.02 (1.8 × 10−5–0.33). The incidence of BPD and total days on mechanical ventilation were significantly lower in the regimen 2 group than in the regimen 1 group. No significant differences were seen in other morbidities.

Conclusion

In patients with pPROM between 22 and 27 weeks of gestation, the administration of SBT/ABPC and AZM may improve the perinatal outcomes.
Biological and molecular characterization of hop stunt viroid variants from pistachio trees in Iran
Authors: Maddahian Mohammad , Massumi Hossein , Heydarnejad Jahangir , Hosseinipour Akbar , Khezri Amin , Sano Teruo
Published: January 2019

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects a large number of woody plants such as grapevine, citrus, plum, peach, fig, mulberry, pear, pistachio and almond. Kerman Province is the most important pistachio‐growing region in Iran. During 2015–2016, pistachio orchards were surveyed in Kerman for the detection of HSVd. A total of 106 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples from pistachio trees were collected and assayed for HSVd by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and dot‐blot hybridization methods. The genomes of 11 HSVd isolates were PCR amplified, cloned, sequenced and compared with those available in GenBank. The full‐length genomes of Iranian variants range from 297 to 302 nucleotides, which are comparable to those of previously known HSVd variants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that four HSVd pistachio variants from Anar region were classified together with five Tunisian HSVd pistachio variants and formed a sub‐cluster within the HSVd‐hop isolates group, whereas two variants from Shahr‐e‐Babak region were grouped with known HSVd‐citrus variants. The other remaining five variants were clustered into the recombinant isolates group (P‐H/cit3). Phylogenetically, we discuss that the presence of HSVds in pistachio trees has a long history in Iran, and Tunisian HSVd pistachio variants probably originated from Iran. The infectivity of two HSVd pistachio variants was further verified by mechanical inoculation on some Cucurbitaceae plant species. The viroid was also transmitted to three healthy pistachio rootstocks by bud grafting. This is the first report on HSVd in pistachio trees in Iran.
Nationwide estimates and risk factors of hospital readmission in patients with cirrhosis in the United States
Authors: Shaheen Abdel‐Aziz , Nguyen Henry H. , Congly Stephen E. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Swain Mark G.
Published: January 2019

Background

The burden of cirrhosis on the healthcare system is substantial and growing. Our objectives were to estimate the readmission rates and hospitalization costs as well as to identify risk factors for 90‐day readmission in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a weighted analysis of the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database to identify adult patients with cirrhosis‐related complications in the United States and assessed readmission rates at 30, 60 and 90 days post‐index hospitalization. Predictors of 90‐day readmissions were identified using weighted regression models adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics; the national estimate of hospitalization costs was also calculated.

Results

Of the 58 954 patients admitted with cirrhosis‐related complications in 2014, 14 910 (25%) were readmitted within 90 days because of cirrhosis‐related complications. The main causes of readmission were ascites (56%), hepatic encephalopathy (47%) and bleeding oesophageal varices (9%). Independent predictors of 90‐day readmissions were male sex (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.08, 95% CI, 1.04‐1.13), age <60 (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.22‐1.32), privately insured (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI, 0.70‐0.77), having ≥3 comorbid conditions (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.14‐1.42) and being discharged against medical advice (aOR: 1.41, 95% CI, 1.25‐1.59). The weighted cumulative national cost estimate of the index admission was $1.8 billion, compared to $0.5 billion for readmission.

Conclusions

A quarter of patients admitted with cirrhosis‐related complications were readmitted within 90 days, representing a significant economic burden related to readmission of this population. Interventions and resource allocations to reduce readmission rates among cirrhotic patients is critical.
Open‐Mindedness and Disagreement
Authors: Spiegel James S.
Published: January 2019

The current debate about disagreement has as rivals those who take the steadfast view and those who affirm conciliationism. Those on the steadfast side maintain that resolute commitment to a belief is reasonable despite peer disagreement. Conciliationists say that peer disagreement necessarily undermines warrant for one’s belief. This article discusses the relevance of open‐mindedness to the matter of peer disagreement. It shows how both the steadfast and the conciliatory perspective are consistent with a robust and substantive display of open‐mindedness. However, it also turns out that there are more ways to display open‐mindedness on the steadfast view than on the conciliatory view.
Philosophical Expertise and Philosophical Methodology
Authors: Seyedsayamdost Hamid
Published: January 2019

In recent years a new discussion on the nature of philosophical expertise has emerged: whether philosophers possess a special kind of expertise, what such expertise would entail, how to measure it, and related concerns. The aim of the present article is to clarify certain related points across these debates in the hope of paving a clearer path forward, by addressing the following. (1) The expertise defense, which seems central to many discussions on methodology and expertise, has been misconstrued at times. (2) Questions of expertise and methodology could be separated more clearly. (3) The study of expertise may be important in its own right; however, there may be good reasons to give priority to methodological concerns. (4) Finally, when viewed in light of methodological concerns, a new project emerges when engaging with recent contributions to the expertise debate. The present article attempts a brief outline of this project.
Intuitions as Evidence Facilitators
Authors: Ramsey William
Published: January 2019

There is currently an important debate about whether philosophical intuitions are intended as evidence for the theories philosophers promote. On one side are those who argue that philosophers do rely on intuitions as evidence; on the other side are those who deny any such role for philosophical intuitions. This paper argues that both sides of this debate are partially right and partially wrong. Intuitive judgments do not, as psychological states, function as evidence in most well‐known philosophical thought experiments. Philosophers nevertheless strongly depend upon these intuitive judgments. Where both sides go awry is in assuming that the importance of intuitive judgments rests solely upon their role as evidence. We need to distinguish between evidence, as such, from various nonevidential psychological states that are needed for something else to serve as evidence. The paper calls these latter conditions “evidence facilitators” and argues that intuitive judgments belong in this category.
FGB1 and WSC3 are in planta‐induced β‐glucan‐binding fungal lectins with different functions
Authors: Wawra Stephan , Fesel Philipp , Widmer Heidi , Neumann Ulla , Lahrmann Urs , Becker Stefan , Hehemann Jan‐Hendrik , Langen Gregor , Zuccaro Alga
Published: January 2019

In the root endophyte Serendipita indica, several lectin‐like members of the expanded multigene family of WSC proteins are transcriptionally induced in planta and are potentially involved in β‐glucan remodeling at the fungal cell wall.

Using biochemical and cytological approaches we show that one of these lectins, SiWSC3 with three WSC domains, is an integral fungal cell wall component that binds to long‐chain β1‐3‐glucan but has no affinity for shorter β1‐3‐ or β1‐6‐linked glucose oligomers. Comparative analysis with the previously identified β‐glucan‐binding lectin SiFGB1 demonstrated that whereas SiWSC3 does not require β1‐6‐linked glucose for efficient binding to branched β1‐3‐glucan, SiFGB1 does.

In contrast to SiFGB1, the multivalent SiWSC3 lectin can efficiently agglutinate fungal cells and is additionally induced during fungus–fungus confrontation, suggesting different functions for these two β‐glucan‐binding lectins.

Our results highlight the importance of the β‐glucan cell wall component in plant–fungus interactions and the potential of β‐glucan‐binding lectins as specific detection tools for fungi in vivo.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil enzymes exhibit contrasting patterns along elevation gradients in southern Patagonia
Authors: Truong Camille , Gabbarini Luciano A. , Corrales Adriana , Mujic Alija B. , Escobar Julio M. , Moretto Alicia , Smith Matthew E.
Published: January 2019

The biological and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations remain largely unknown in South America. In Patagonia, the ECM tree Nothofagus pumilio forms monospecific forests along mountain slopes without confounding effects of vegetation on plant–fungi interactions.

To determine how fungal diversity and function are linked to elevation, we characterized fungal communities, edaphic variables, and eight extracellular enzyme activities along six elevation transects in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). We also tested whether pairing ITS1 rDNA Illumina sequences generated taxonomic biases related to sequence length.

Fungal community shifts across elevations were mediated primarily by soil pH with the most species‐rich fungal families occurring mostly within a narrow pH range. By contrast, enzyme activities were minimally influenced by elevation but correlated with soil factors, especially total soil carbon. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was positively correlated with ECM fungal richness and abundance, and acid phosphatase was correlated with nonECM fungal abundance. Several fungal lineages were undetected when using exclusively paired or unpaired forward ITS1 sequences, and these taxonomic biases need reconsideration for future studies.

Our results suggest that soil fungi in N. pumilio forests are functionally similar across elevations and that these diverse communities help to maintain nutrient mobilization across the elevation gradient.
Oral ribavirin for paramyxovirus infection after alemtuzumab‐containing reduced‐intensity conditioning HCT regimen
Authors: Dreyzin Alexandra , Michaels Marian G. , Vander Lugt Mark T. , Szabolcs Paul
Published: January 2019

Aerosolized ribavirin has been used in pediatric immunocompromised patients to treat acute respiratory viral infections, but oral ribavirin may be a less expensive alternative that allows for outpatient therapy. Oral ribavirin has compared favorably to aerosolized ribavirin in adult studies, but data on safety are lacking in pediatric populations. Four cases are described in which oral ribavirin was used to treat viral respiratory infections in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants at a Children's Hospital, demonstrating safety and feasibility.
NLOphoric Triphenylamine Derived Donor‐π‐Acceptor‐π‐Donor Based Colorants: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Density Functional Theory and Z‐scan Studies
Authors: Raikwar Manish M. , Mathew Elizabeth , Varghese Manu , Joe Issac H. , Nethi Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: January 2019

Three Donor‐π‐Acceptor‐π‐Donor type styryl dyes (5a‐c) with different secondary donors are synthesized and characterized to study their nonlinear and linear optical properties. The structure–property relationships of the dyes are described in the light of systematic photophysical and theoretical investigations. The photophysical characteristics of 5a‐c are influenced by the polarity of the medium, with an appreciable bathochromic shift in emission (5b = 81 nm) and large Stoke shifts (5b = 104–173 nm) in polar solvents. 5a‐c showed intramolecular charge transfer characteristics recognized with the help of emission solvatochromism, solvent polarity graphs, natural bond orbital analysis and HOMO–LUMO energy difference. The optimized geometry and frontier molecular orbitals reveal that the electron donation takes place from secondary donors and not from a fixed donor (triphenylamine) which is more twisted. The nonlinear optical properties obtained using solvent induced spectral shift and computational methods are found within the limiting values. Z‐scan results reveal saturable kind of behavior for 5a, 5b and 5c, whereas 5a and 5b show reverse saturable kind of behavior in acetone and ethanol and hence give optical limiting values. The two‐photon absorption cross section described by two‐level approximation is highest for 5b (251–300 GM).
Photoaging and actinic keratosis in Danish outdoor and indoor workers
Authors: Grandahl Kasper , Olsen Jonas , Friis Kersti Brosbøl Engelund , Mortensen Ole Steen , Ibler Kristina Sophie
Published: January 2019

Background

The risk of photoaging and actinic keratosis caused by work related solar ultraviolet radiation exposure has not previously been investigated in Nordic countries. The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of photoaging, actinic keratosis, and keratinocyte cancer in a population of Danish outdoor and indoor workers, and investigate the association between these clinical findings and semi‐objective measures of work related solar ultraviolet radiation exposure in the same population.

Methods

A clinical cross‐sectional study of the occurrence of facial wrinkles, actinic keratosis, keratinocyte cancer, and melanocytic nevi in a population of Danish outdoor and indoor workers and associations with semi‐objective measures of work related solar ultraviolet radiation exposure based on a combination of dosimetry and self‐report.

Results

Work related solar ultraviolet radiation exposure was significantly positively associated with occurrence of facial wrinkles (α = 0.05). Actinic keratosis was associated to status as outdoor worker (OR = 4.272, CI [1.045‐17.471]) and age (P < 0.001, CI [1.077‐1.262]) and twice as common in outdoor workers (10.3% CI [0.05, 0.15]) compared to indoor workers (5.1% CI [0.00, 0.10]). Only two cases of keratinocyte cancer were diagnosed (<1%). Older age was negatively associated with occurrence of melanocytic nevi.

Conclusion

Outdoor work in Denmark is associated with increased occurrence of facial wrinkles and actinic keratosis from solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, thus justifying sun safety at Danish workplaces from a clinical perspective.
On the Psychological Function of Nationalistic “Whitelash”
Authors: Sengupta Nikhil K. , Osborne Danny , Sibley Chris G.
Published: January 2019

A noticeable feature of the political discourse accompanying the rise of nationalism in white‐majority countries is that white people fare worse than other ethnic groups in their societies. However, it is unclear based on the extant literature why group‐based relative deprivation (GRD) would correlate with majority‐group nationalism. Here, we propose that the psychological function of nationalism for majority‐group members lies in its ability to assuage the negative feelings arising from GRD. Accordingly, in a New Zealand national probability sample (N = 15,607), we found that GRD among whites was negatively associated with well‐being. However, we also found anopposingindirect association mediated by nationalism. GRD was associated with higher nationalism, which was in turn associated with higher well‐being. These findings suggest that endorsing beliefs about national superiority is one way a nation’s dominant ethnic group can cope with the negative psychological consequences of perceiving that their group is deprived.
Leaf photosynthetic capacity is regulated by the interaction of nitrogen and potassium through coordination of CO2 diffusion and carboxylation
Authors: Hu Wenshi , Ren Tao , Meng Fanjin , Cong Rihuan , Li Xiaokun , White Philip J. , Lu Jianwei
Published: January 2019

Combined application of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer could significantly enhance crop yield. Crop yield and photosynthesis are inseparable. However, the influence of N and K interaction on photosynthesis is still not fully understood. Field and hydroponic experiments were conducted to examine the effects of N and K interaction on leaf photosynthesis characteristics and to explore the mechanisms in the hydroponic experiment. CO2 conductance and carboxylation characteristic parameters of oilseed leaves were measured under different N and K supplies. Results indicated that detectable increases in leaf area, biomass and net photosynthetic rate (An) were observed under optimal N and K supply in field and hydroponic experiments. The ratio of total CO2 diffusion conductance to the maximum carboxylation rate (gtot/Vcmax) and An presented a linear‐plateau relationship. Under insufficient N, increased K contributed to the CO2 transmission capacity and improved the proportion of N used for carboxylation, promoting gtot/Vcmax. However, the low Vcmax associated with N insufficiency limited the An. High N supply obviously accelerated Vcmax, yet K deficiency led to a reduction of gtot, which restricted Vcmax. Synchronous increases in N and K supplementation ensured the appropriate ratio of N to K content in leaves, which simultaneously facilitated gtot and Vcmax and preserved a gtot/Vcmax suitable for guaranteeing CO2 transmission and carboxylation coordination; the overall effect was increased An and leaf area. These results highlight the suitable N and K nutrients to coordinate CO2 diffusion and carboxylation, thereby enhancing photosynthetic capacity and area to obtain high crop yield.
Adolescents’ perception of gender differences in bullying
Authors: Hellström Lisa , Beckman Linda
Published: January 2019

Gender norms are normative societal expectations regarding the behaviors of girls and boys that can guide bullying behavior. As early adolescence is a time when peer relations become increasingly important, it is critical to understand the peer relationships of adolescents and what is considered gender non‐confirming behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze Swedish girls’ and boys’ perception of gender differences in bullying. Twenty‐one Swedish adolescents (8 girls and 13 boys) took part in four focus group discussions separated by boys and girls. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis. “Expectations and needs to fit the norm” emerged as the main category as all categories emerging from the analysis related to boys’ and girls’ understandings of how expectations, strategies, expressions relating to bullying and the need to belong vary depending on gender. Further, girls and boys expressed admiration for each other's ways of coping with bullying indicating that also coping strategies are associated with expectations based on gender. For schools and adults to be better equipped to meet the needs of girls and boys and understand how these needs are expressed, adolescents voices regarding gender related bullying can be seen as helpful tools to develop strategies to work with gender norms and gender expectations. In light of the results of our study, schools may have work to do when it comes to the awareness of norms and attitudes and how they are expressed as these may be a foundation for bullying, among both staff and students.
Do cultural orientations moderate the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms? It depends on their academic achievement
Authors: An Danming , Eggum‐Wilkens Natalie D.
Published: January 2019

We examined the moderating roles of individualistic and collectivistic cultural orientations and academic achievement on the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms. A sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 492) from an urban school participated in the study during seventh (T1) and eighth (T2) grades. Adolescents self‐reported their shyness, cultural orientations, and depressive symptoms. The school provided records of their academic achievement. Concurrently, shyness and individualism were positively whereas collectivism and academic achievement were negatively, associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Longitudinally, T1 shyness (but not individualism, collectivism, or academic achievement) predicted T2 depressive symptoms after controlling for stability in depressive symptoms. Concurrent relations between shyness and depressive symptoms were moderated by adolescents’ cultural orientations. Specifically, collectivism was protective whereas individualism was harmful, for shy adolescents’ adjustment. Furthermore, collectivism and academic achievement jointly moderated the relations between shyness and depressive symptoms concurrently and longitudinally. The results suggest that cultural orientations may influence shy adolescents’ depression symptoms through individual‐level self‐evaluation, and indicate that cultural factors and academic achievement need to be considered comprehensively for understanding and improving shy Chinese adolescents’ psychological adjustment.
Is Self Talk of Athletes One of the Determinants of Their Continuous Sportive Confidence Level?
Authors: Bayköse Nazmi , Şahin Filiz , Şahin Ahmet , Eryücel Mehmet Emre
Published: January 2019

The present study aims to determine whether level of self talk behaviors of athletes is one of the determinants of their continuous confidence levels. Whereas totally 358 athletes (Xage= 23.77 ± 3.87) were voluntarily participated into this study, 180 of them were female (Xage= 22.76 ± 3.050) and 236 of them were male (Xage= 24.56 ± 4.263). Experiences of various branches of team sport and personal sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball, tennis, athletics, biking and etc.) in sport activities were determined as 98.25 ± 24.70. Whereas descriptive statistical methods were employed in analysis and assessment of collected data; t-test and multiple step regression analysis was utilized in independent samples. Aforesaid analyses were conducted through the SPSS package software and significance level was considered as P<0.05. According to the study findings, a significant positive linear correlation was determined between self talk behaviors of athletes and their continuous sportive confidence. Furthermore, it was observed that self talk behavior of athletes was one of the significant determinants of their continuous sportive confidence levels. Finally, it is possible to conclude that continuous sportive confidences, one of the important psychological factors in performances of athletes, were correlated with their self talk behavior of athletes and that it was one of the significant determinants of continuous sportive confidence levels.
The Effect of Perceived Managerial Support of Coaches’ Organizational Commitment in Professional Football
Authors: Gorgulu Recep , Adilogullari İlhan , Ulucan Hakkı
Published: January 2019

The present study utilized the concept of commitment to explain the impact of managerial support on elite coaches’ behaviour in professional football. Specifically, we aimed to examine the level of organizational commitment and managerial support according to the coaching level as well as the league categories of those elite football coaches. Furthermore, we hypothesized that managerial support would predict organizational commitment in elite football. Our sample comprised 300 football coaches drawn from the professional league categories. They completed the organizational commitment scale developed by Allen and Meyer (1990; 1991) and the perceived managerial support questionnaire developed by Giray and Sahin (2012) followed by the inform consent in addition to the information sheet. Results of the present study revealed a significant difference between the level of elite coaches’ organizational commitment and the perceived managerial support especially in terms of their coaching level and the league category. More interestingly, the results from the current study provide the evidence that managerial support predicts elite coaches’ organizational support in professional football. The significance of this research rests in the insight provided into the managerial support that how coaches’ organizational commitment effects and therefore their behaviour through the commitment to the club. We discuss the results in the context of specific dimensions in organizational behaviour in a coaching environment.
Repeated anodal trans‐spinal direct current stimulation results in long‐term reduction of spasticity in mice with spinal cord injury
Authors: Mekhael Wagdy , Begum Sultana , Samaddar Sreyashi , Hassan Mazen , Toruno Pedro , Ahmed Malik , Gorin Alexis , Maisano Michael , Ayad Mark , Ahmed Zaghloul
Published: January 2019

Key points

Spasticity is a disorder of muscle tone that is associated with lesions of the motor system. This condition involves an overactive spinal reflex loop that resists the passive lengthening of muscles.

Previously, we established that application of anodal trans‐spinal direct current stimulation (a‐tsDCS) for short periods of time to anaesthetized mice sustaining a spinal cord injury leads to an instantaneous reduction of spasticity. However, the long‐term effects of repeated a‐tsDCS and its mechanism of action remained unknown.

In the present study, a‐tsDCS was performed for 7 days and this was found to cause long‐term reduction in spasticity, increased rate‐dependent depression in spinal reflexes, and improved ground and skill locomotion.

Pharmacological, molecular and cellular evidence further suggest that a novel mechanism involving Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter isoform 1 mediates the observed long‐term effects of repeated a‐tsDCS.

Spasticity can cause pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances; restrict daily activities such as walking, sitting and bathing; and complicate rehabilitation efforts. Thus, spasticity negatively influences an individual's quality of life and novel therapeutic interventions are needed. We previously demonstrated in anaesthetized mice that a short period of trans‐spinal subthreshold direct current stimulation (tsDCS) reduces spasticity. In the present study, the long‐term effects of repeated tsDCS to attenuate abnormal muscle tone in awake female mice with spinal cord injuries were investigated. A motorized system was used to test velocity‐dependent ankle resistance and associated electromyographical activity. Analysis of ground and skill locomotion was also performed, with electrophysiological, molecular and cellular studies being conducted to reveal a potential underlying mechanism of action. A 4 week reduction in spasticity was associated with an increase in rate‐dependent depression of spinal reflexes, and ground and skill locomotion were improved following 7 days of anodal‐tsDCS (a‐tsDCS). Secondary molecular, cellular and pharmacological experiments further demonstrated that the expression of K‐Cl co‐transporter isoform 2 (KCC2) was not changed in animals with spasticity. However, Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) was significantly up‐regulated in mice that exhibited spasticity. When mice were treated with a‐tsDCS, down regulation of NKCC1 was detected, and this level did not significantly differ from that in the non‐injured control mice. Thus, long lasting reduction of spasticity by a‐tsDCS via downregulation of NKCC1 may constitute a novel therapy for spasticity following spinal cord injury.
A study on the energy and the reflection angle of the sound reflected by a porous material
Authors: Dragonetti Raffaele , Napolitano Marialuisa , Romano Rosario A.
Published: January 2019

Many noise control applications are based on the use of porous materials; therefore, it is important to have a tool to simulate acoustic behaviours. Plane-wave acoustic properties such as the sound absorption or reflection coefficient at normal incidence can be quickly obtained using standing wave tube or theoretical models and can be used to select the type of porous material and its dimensions. However, in real situations, no plane wave exists, and the sound field is more complex. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the real behaviour of porous materials. In this paper, a simple case of a point source above a uniform infinite layer of porous material has been analysed. Conversely, to the case of a plane wave excitation, on the porous material surface different incidence angles can be observed and the phase relation between the pressure and the particles velocity should be considered. The aim of this work is to define the far and the near field above a porous material where the results obtained considering a plane excitation may or may not be respectively extended. For this purpose, two parameters have been introduced: the energetic deviations index and the true reflection angle.
Time-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signal for monitoring of welding structural state using Stockwell transform
Authors: He Kuanfang , Xiao Siwen , Li Xuejun
Published: January 2019

The stockwell transform (S transform) is used to conduct analysis and processing of the Acoustic Emission (AE) signal in the welding process. The multi dimension instantaneous frequency information of AE signal in the joint time frequency distribution is obtained to analyze and recognize the welding structure state. The changing paces of window functions under different parameters are analyzed, and the parameters of S transform are determined to realize the optimal adaptive multi resolution and time frequency clustering. The S transform is performed to analyze the time frequency characteristics of the collected AE signal in weldment tensile testing experiment. According to the analysis results of the weldment tensile AE signal, the time frequency distribution and the first-order moment of the AE signal are observed to identify and detect the elastic, plastic deformation, and crack in the welding restrictable experiment. The results indicate that the feature information of the AE signal obtained by S transform can present the welding structural state, which provides an effective method for online detection of welding crack.
Primary and Secondary Metabolic Effects of a Key Gene Deletion (Δ
YPL062W
) in Metabolically Engineered Terpenoid-Producing
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Ying , Liu Ming , Qu Junze , Yao Mingdong , Li Bo , Ding Mingzhu , Liu Hong , Xiao Wenhai , Yuan Yingjin
Published: January 2019

Although computational and reverse metabolic engineering approaches often lead to improved gene deletion mutants for cell factory engineering, the systems level effects of such gene deletions on the production phenotypes have not been extensively studied. Understanding the genetic and molecular function of such gene alterations on production strains will minimize the risk inherent in the development of large-scale fermentation processes, which is a daunting challenge in the field of industrial biotechnology. Therefore, we established a detailed experimental and systems biology approach to uncover the molecular mechanisms of
YPL062W
deletion in
S. cerevisiae
, which is shown to improve the production of all terpenoid classes. This study redefines the genetic function of
YPL062W
, demonstrates a strong correlation between
YPL062W
and terpenoid production, and provides a useful modification for the creation of terpenoid production platform strains. Further, this study underscores the benefits of detailed and systematic characterization of the metabolic effects of genetic alterations on engineered biosynthetic factories.
Changes in the Active, Dead, and Dormant Microbial Community Structure across a Pleistocene Permafrost Chronosequence
Authors: Burkert Alexander , Douglas Thomas A. , Waldrop Mark P. , Mackelprang Rachel
Published: January 2019

Permafrost soils store more than half of Earth’s soil carbon despite covering ∼15% of the land area (C. Tarnocai et al., Global Biogeochem Cycles 23:GB2023, 2009,https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003327). This permafrost carbon is rapidly degraded following a thaw (E. A. G. Schuur et al., Nature 520:171–179, 2015,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338). Understanding microbial communities in permafrost will contribute to the knowledge base necessary to understand the rates and forms of permafrost C and N cycling postthaw. Permafrost is also an analog for frozen extraterrestrial environments, and evidence of viable organisms in ancient permafrost is of interest to those searching for potential life on distant worlds. If we can identify strategies microbial communities utilize to survive in permafrost, it may yield insights into how life (if it exists) survives in frozen environments outside of Earth. Our work is significant because it contributes to an understanding of how microbial life adapts and survives in the extreme environmental conditions in permafrost terrains.
Identification of NK Cell Subpopulations That Differentiate HIV-Infected Subject Cohorts with Diverse Levels of Virus Control
Authors: Pohlmeyer Christopher W. , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Irrinki Alivelu , Ramirez Ricardo N. , Li Li , Mulato Andrew , Murry Jeffrey P. , Arvey Aaron , Hoh Rebecca , Deeks Steven G. , Kukolj George , Cihlar Tomas , Pflanz Stefan , Nolan Garry P. , Min-Oo Gundula
Published: January 2019

HIV infection results in the establishment of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells; ART is usually required to keep viral replication under control and disease progression at bay, though a small subset of HIV-infected subjects can control HIV infection without ART through immunological mechanisms. In this study, we sought to identify subpopulations of NK cells that may be involved in the natural immunological control of HIV infection. We used mass cytometry to measure surface marker expression on peripheral NK cells. Using two distinct semisupervised machine learning approaches, we identified a CD11b
+
CD57
−
CD161
+
Siglec-7
+
subpopulation of CD56
dim
CD16
+
NK cells that differentiates HIV controllers from noncontrollers. These cells can be sorted out for future functional studies to assess their potential role in the immunological control of HIV infection.
Dissecting Flavivirus Biology in Salivary Gland Cultures from Fed and UnfedIxodes scapularis(Black-Legged Tick)
Authors: Grabowski Jeffrey M. , Nilsson Olof R. , Fischer Elizabeth R. , Long Dan , Offerdahl Danielle K. , Park Yoonseong , Scott Dana P. , Bloom Marshall E.
Published: January 2019

Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) are responsible for more than 15,000 human disease cases each year, and Powassan virus lineage 2 (POWV-L2) deer tick virus has been a reemerging threat in North America over the past 20 years. Rapid transmission of TBFVs in particular emphasizes the importance of preventing tick bites, the difficulty in developing countermeasures to prevent transmission, and the importance of understanding TBFV infection in tick salivary glands (SGs). Tick blood feeding is responsible for phenomenal physiological changes and is associated with changes in TBFV multiplication within the tick and in SGs. Using SG cultures fromIxodes scapularisfemale ticks, the primary aims of this study were to identify cellular localization of virus-like particles in acini of infected SGs from fed and unfed ticks, localization of TBFV infection in infected SGs from fed ticks, and a tick transcript (with associated metabolic function) involved in POWV-L2 infection in SG cultures.
A Significant Expansion of Our Understanding of the Composition of the Human Microbiome
Authors: Leviatan Sigal , Segal Eran
Published: January 2019

Shotgun sequencing of samples taken from the human microbiome often reveals only partial mapping of the sequenced metagenomic reads to existing reference genomes. Such partial mappability indicates that many genomes are missing in our reference genome set.
Non-coding DNA in IBD: from sequence variation in DNA regulatory elements to novel therapeutic potential
Authors: Meddens Claartje Aleid , van der List Amy Catharina Johanna , Nieuwenhuis Edward Eelco Salomon , Mokry Michal
Published: January 2019

Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 loci associated with IBD. We and others have recently shown that, in addition to variants in protein-coding genes, the majority of the associated loci are related to DNA regulatory elements (DREs). These findings add a dimension to the already complex genetic background of IBD. In this review we summarise the existing evidence on the role of DREs in IBD. We discuss how epigenetic research can be used in candidate gene approaches that take non-coding variants into account and can help to pinpoint the essential pathways and cell types in the pathogenesis of IBD. Despite the increased level of genetic complexity, these findings can contribute to novel therapeutic options that target transcription factor binding and enhancer activity. Finally, we summarise the future directions and challenges of this emerging field.
Formation and application of electrochemically active cross-linked triarylamine–siloxane films using the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction
Authors: Kamino Brett A. , Szawiola Anjuli M. , Plint Trevor , Bender Timothy P.
Published: January 2019

Cross-linked triarylamine–siloxane hybrid thin film have been formed using Piers–Rubinsztajn chemistry. Key to this approach was the use of a ring-opening reaction to prevent the evolution of volatile small molecules. A representative cyclic ether containing biphenyl triarylamine compound was synthesized and on ring-opening was shown to form a smooth, glassy, and electroactive films by cross-linking with tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane (QM*4). It was found that the films were electrochemically active with low glass transition temperatures. Cross-linked films were incorporated into organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) under various conditions and functionality within OLEDs was confirmed. Finally, the resistance of the system to dissolution (orthogonality) was considered by casting F8T2, a p-type emitting polymer, from solution on top of the cross-linked film, which formed a working OLED.
Late Pleistocene records of felids from Medicine Hat, Alberta, including the first Canadian record of the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis
Authors: Reynolds Ashley R. , Seymour Kevin L. , Evans David C.
Published: January 2019

In the late 1960s, a team led by C.S. Churcher and A. MacS. Stalker collected over 1000 vertebrate fossils, mostly representing large herbivorous mammals, from bluffs along the South Saskatchewan River near Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. The records from this area also include the only documented case of the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis, but these specimens have not been described or illustrated, and therefore, their identification has never been verified. Here, all felid fossils recovered from the Medicine Hat bluffs are described and identified. We confirm the presence of the machairodontine S. fatalis and three additional taxa: the feline Lynx and the pantherines Panthera cf. P. atrox (American lion) and Panthera cf. P. spelaea (cave lion). Notably, this record of S. fatalis is its first confirmed occurrence in Canada and is a significant northerly range expansion, bringing the global distribution of this species in line with what is typical for a large felid. Should the tentative record of Panthera cf. P. spelaea be correct, this would represent its first occurrence in Alberta and a southeastern range extension, bringing it into the range of P. atrox. The possible presence of both P. atrox and P. spelaea suggests that Late Pleistocene pantherine biogeography in North America may be more complex than previously believed, particularly during relatively warm interglacial periods.
Customer Strategic Joining Behavior in Markovian Queues with Working Vacations and Vacation Interruptions Under Bernoulli Schedule
Authors: Ma Qingqing , Zhao Yiqiang Q. , Liu Weiqi , Li Jihong
Published: January 2019

This study considers a single-server Markovian working vacation queuing system with Bernoulli vacation interruptions. Based on a linear reward-cost structure, the customer strategic joining behavior is analyzed under different information levels available to the arriving customers, namely fully observable, almost unobservable, and fully unobservable. For these cases, we first obtain the system stationary distribution. Thereafter, we determine the customer equilibrium strategies and compare them numerically with socially optimal strategies.
(𝜃,ω)-Twisted Radford’s Hom-biproduct and ϖ-Yetter–Drinfeld modules for Hom-Hopf algebras
Authors: Fang Xiao-Li , Kim Tae-Hwa
Published: January 2019

To unify different definitions of smash Hom-products in a Hom-bialgebra [Formula: see text], we firstly introduce the notion of [Formula: see text]-twisted smash Hom-product [Formula: see text]. Secondly, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the twisted smash Hom-product [Formula: see text] and the twisted smash Hom-coproduct [Formula: see text] to afford a Hom-bialgebra, which generalize the well-known Radford’s biproduct and the Hom-biproduct obtained in [H. Li and T. Ma, A construction of the Hom-Yetter–Drinfeld category, Colloq. Math. 137 (2014) 43–65]. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of the category of [Formula: see text]-Yetter-Drinfeld modules which unifies the ones of Hom-Yetter Drinfeld category appeared in [H. Li and T. Ma, A construction of the Hom-Yetter–Drinfeld category, Colloq. Math. 137 (2014) 43–65] and [A. Makhlouf and F. Panaite, Twisting operators, twisted tensor products and smash products for Hom-associative algebras, J. Math. Glasgow 513–538 (2016) 58]. Finally, we prove that the [Formula: see text]-twisted Radford’s Hom-biproduct [Formula: see text] is a Hom-bialgebra if and only if [Formula: see text] is a Hom-bialgebra in the category of [Formula: see text]-Yetter–Drinfeld modules [Formula: see text], generalizing the well-known Majid’s conclusion.
Routes to Low-Energy Magnetic Electronics
Authors: Pyatakov Alexander , Kaminskiy Alexey , Lomov Eugeny , Ren Wei , Cao Shixun , Zvezdin Anatoly
Published: January 2019

Various routes to low energy consumption magnetic electronics and magnetic memory are reviewed including field effect spintronics, magnetoelectric magnonics and straintronics. The new idea of biologically inspired straintronic image processing scheme as well as the new experimental results on electric field induced magnetic anisotropy modulation in iron garnet films are presented.