bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Al-Yazouri in the route of the Fatimid caliphate
Authors: AbdulNabi Dr: Ali Faisal
Published: March 2021

Fatimid Al-Hassan bin Ali Al-Yazouri (the minister) has administrative abilities and political perception which enables him to occupy an admirable position in the Fatimid period.

 

Al-Yazouri capabilities’ enable him to establish an important contributions to his country, and his impact on both internal and external phases, on internal level he saw stabilization of systemic Fatimid rule, and encouraged cultural and scientific movement and treatment of the major economic problems that gripped the country during the serious crisis that passed in Egypt over the acute shortage of Nile River’s level and struck the country.

 

 On the external level, he feast an rebellion of the prince Almuez Ben Badis in Africa on the Fatimid caliphate by attaching the Arab tribes such as , Helal , Reyah , Zukba and others to undermine.  After his death of the minister in 450 A.H. / 1058 A.D. He left a great political emptiness  which is appeared in his impact when fifty-four ministers failed  after him in dealing with the Fatimid caliphate problems, forcing the Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah use wali Acre , Badr al-Jamali 466 A.H. / 1073 A.D to solve the problems  that the state was faced.
The integration and citizenship in a multicultural society
Authors: Khreisan Dr. Awatif Ali
Published: March 2021

There is no a communitydeprived from multiculturalism of religious, ethnics and linguistic. The freedom of the citizen is linked to cultural edification, in turns, the availability of opportunities for peaceful coexistence and acceptance of others. In order to,transfer the individuals and groups from the state of clash and struggle into a state of living together. It is a form of access to the political and legal systems to make these rights a real, through the availability of integration processes at the beginning is the building of  Citizenship which is theonly relationship that achieve integration over social, religious and cultural divisions for the establishment civil stateof a stable political system.
The existential vacuum of the displaced
Authors: Yousif Assist. Prof. Dr. Fadil Muhsen , Naje Asist .instructor.  Zaid abbas
Published: March 2021

The current research aims to identify: existential vacuum level in a sample of the displaced. differences in the existential vacuum depending on the variable type (male - females).The current study identified a sample of the displaced (males - females) in 2015-2016 within the province of Najaf. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers adopted the following:

Use (descriptive approach) in the detection of the existential vacuum.

The construction of the existential vacuum.

This researchers applied the scale on a sample of (100) internally displaced people and then analyzed the data using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on the results, the researchers made a number of conclusions and appropriate recommendations.
“I Have Killed My Son”: Delving into Key- Utterances in Tennyson’s Dora (1842)
Authors: M. Fahmi Assist. Prof. Dr. Ismael , A. Dabbagh Dr. Lanja
Published: March 2021

Dora (Composed in 1835. Published in 1842) is one of Tennyson’s least anthologized poems, even though it incorporates a number of distinctive utterances scarcely found elsewhere in his oeuvre. Apart from the original collection of 1842, and the poet’s Complete Works, the poem is absent from the anthologies. This poem has received minimum attention from the critics. There are expressions in this dramatic poem unique to it only. It is intriguing that this work has attracted only a few passing remarks from the specialists, even though it was found good enough to put on the stage in the United States of America during the 1870s, according to Peter Hall’s Theatrical Anecdotes (P.32). It is different from the rest of the poet’s creative works because it is his only poem that treats filicide. The research questions focus on the following: Why did Tennyson write such a poem in the first place? Why did he borrow the plot from a prose narrative? What are the consequences of a Tennysonian character willing to venture outdoors? Are some of Tennyson’s characters in the poem simply corpses, like the walking dead in Gothic narratives? The utterances selected for the analysis are few and short but are key statements that highlight what Tennyson needed to articulate.
Identifying The Pragmatic Force Of Attiudinal Intonation In Some Selected Political Speeches
Authors: Farhan Instructor Mahmood Atiya , Qanbar Ali Assist. Inst. Faiza
Published: March 2021

The main problem of the present study may be attributed to the fact that some politicians use different ranges and patterns of intonation when they want to express different emotions and attitudes that underlie different pragmatic forces. The study aims at identifying the pragmatic force of  attitudinal  intonation in some political speeches together with identifying pitch variations that are determined by various syntactic constructions that impart the illocutionary forces of political speeches and perlocutionary acts .The procedures used in this paper are: first, collecting and classifying speeches selected from the ex-American president Barack Obama and the current American President Donald Trump from the internet ; second ,analyzing the data collected by adopting Roach’s patterns of intonation (2009)and Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts  intonation (1975)

The paper consists of two sections .Section one is a review of literature that comprises the basic terms that are of relevant to the study. Section two deals with  methodology , data analysis and results of the study.

      The main conclusions that the paper has come up with are : (1) meaning is changed by virtue of ranges of intonation, (2) pragmatic force of intonation changes emotions from one person to another by rising or falling the voice of the speaker , (3) some speakers tend to  use low and /or high pitches to meet certain pragmatic forces.
The Conditional "If" for Arab Scholars
Authors: Abdullah Ghali Dr. Malik Hasan
Published: March 2021

This study  shows  different  senses(meanings) of the word "if" in the speech of Arabs: verse and prose and specially in Quranic  text  and the possibility of its  variety in its syntactic  context with reference to its straightness specific and general  meanings. This research presents the literary meaning of 'if' and its kinds, then it explains its meanings for the Arabic scholars through the following research aspects:

-Prohibited conditional 'if', and its meanings, rules and its answer

-Non- prohibited conditional 'if', and its meanings   and rules.

-The mutual constrains between  the two conditions of  ' if' followed by some Quranic texts
Lamentation of Ibn Al-Rumi to Abu Al-Husain Yahiya Bin Umar Bin Al Hussein Bin Zaid Bin Ali(May Allah be pleased with him)
Authors: Kamal Dr. Sera Tarek
Published: March 2021

Lamentations have formed an important theme throughout the successive periods of Arab poetry, especially the Abbasid period, for the multifaceted and humanistic aspects of this original poetic purpose, on the one hand, and because it transcends merely a positive emotional attitude of the elusive and negative people and life on the other. It is also worthy of research and guidance, and it is important to know the importance of human life and its causes. And its poets deserve attention . It was "the son of Rumi" who lived a life filled with oppression and injustice, one of the most prominent poets of this purpose and notify it, and seems to be overlooked as much as the poet and value this was motivated by the Astitharh carefully study a range of modern researchers, led by "Akkad" who Straighten him a complete study titled " son Abrome his life from his hair, "Abdul Hamid good in his study" Ibn Al-Rumi spelling "and other studies that have tried to explore this Mknunat felt Ahaaraly technical and substantive levels. With regard to the purpose of lamentation, the scholars unanimously agreed on the distinction of Ibn al-Rumi in it, and enabled him to know his data, especially the technical ones, but what is taken on these studies interest in certain poems other than the poet in this regard, especially those inherited by his children without paying attention to other poems The poet sang in religious and social figures that had an impact on changing the behavior of the society by diagnosing its shortcomings and standing up against the oppression and oppression practiced by the ruling authority against some of them, especially the "students" who suffered from the marginalization and persecution of power. and supporter of the family of Ali bin AbiTalib ( The poet of the poems, which included the heat of the passion and honesty, and the high level of artistic which provided the poet these characters, especially their hero, "Hussein bin Yahiya ibn Umar bin Zaid bin Ali" In this regard, because it included the sincerity of emotion, and creativity in the embodiment of poetic images coated with verbal templates, the poet's keenness to choose the most beautiful and plush; to fit the status of the lure and the end of the greatness he chose for himself, not a monk in a moral unit that the impact in the poem that included beyond One hundred percent, the visions of the Poet were gathered Life, time, alarm, and patience, which we tried to study, taking the technical and social approaches to uncover the meanings of the poem artistically and objectively    .
Modern God created the soil on Saturday A recent critical study
Authors: El Sayed Dr. Mohamed , Najem Dr. Fariz Abdullah
Published: March 2021

The research examined a recent study  "God created soil on Saturday " which is one of the ahaadeeth that the scholars differed in old and new, between this research the attitudes of scientists from talking and the Board with discussion and the correct statement, as well as it came with scientific benefits and accurate results and edited, and if we strive to reach our goal I hope to God that we have agreed to the good hopefully exalted.
Manufacturing structure in Diyala province 2015 (Special study on small and large industries)
Authors: Ragab Abboud Dr. Mai Thamer
Published: March 2021

The industrial sector is an important sector that contributes effectively to the gross domestic product hence , the support of the industrial sector and upgrading the existing industries should be the main objectives any development policy  as this sector has a significant relative weight among economic sector .

  The importance of small industries as best field to absorb some of the products of large prospects and the production of small enterprises , so it is not strange that coordination and cooperation between the two industries and it is necessary to identify ways of cooperation and the relation ship between the two activities to achieve the objectives of its existence .

  The research aims to identify the reality of the industrial structure in diyala governorate in terms of studying the concept of industrial structure and its patterns and the industrial branches in the province for the year 2015 .

  The problem of the research has been the province has invested all the possibilities  available for industrial activity in them , and whether the industrial structure fit the greet potential of the province , and is there a difference in the structure of manufacturing in the provinces of diyala .

The hypothesis of the research came in answer to the previous question . Diyala province has huge potential that has not yet invested or invested in part in the industrial activity , which has grown relatively ,but its investment in the industry was not efficient development , as well as there is a significant , related industry and manufacturing at the district level .

    The research was based on the descriptive approach and the analytical mothod .

       The most important findings of the research :

1- supporting the private sector and providing infrastacture and providing protection to him so that he can raise his products to the level of competition.

2- Encouraging information programs that contribute to citizens awareness of the importance of national products in order to encourage national and increase their importance to the  national products .

3- raising awareness of the importance of small and large enterprises and clarifying their role in economic development .
A study of some physical properties and chemical and biological water to the Tigris River near the Alshuhadah Bridge and evaluated for different purposes for the period (2012-2014)
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Najla Ajeel
Published: March 2021

The research investigates some physical, chemical and biological properties of the Tigris water River near the Alshuhadah Bridge and evaluated these properties for drinking, irrigation industrial and construction purposes for the period (2012-2014), and until July for the year (2014) due to the lack of data for the rest of the year.

 Through the analysis of properties results it had been found that there is some variation during the months of the year, as well as between the annual averages for the three years where the Cadmium element did not record any value, which was equal to zero, as well as the iron element except for the month of May for the year (2013). In addition, it was noted that the Tigris River water near the Alshuhadah bridge in the month of May for the year (2012 ) and the month of July of the year (2013) within the class (C2) which is a brackish water and it needs to filtering operations for some crops which are sensitive to salinity and that due to lack of the total dissolved salts in the water in the mentioned two months(July and May), while it found in the rest of the three years months within the class ( C3) which is a high-salinity water and cannot be used without continuouslydrainage. The value of (PH) of the water was found within the permissible limits for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes and has taken the baseband side during the three years with except for the month of December for the year (2012) and the month of April for the year ( 2014)  which was neutral in pH (PH = 7), while it  noticed that  in the month of May for the year (2014) was acidic (PH =6.89) and the value of (TDS), sodium and nitrate for the three years within the permissible limits for drinking purposes. In addition, the value of the absorbed vital oxygen was within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes. Also the value of chlorides, carbonates and boron for the three years was within the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation, while  the rest items values fluctuated between the permitted and non-permitted to be used for these purposes, Besides that, the values of calcium, magnesium, sodium and chlorides for the three years was within the allowed boundaries for the purposes of building and construction. While the usage of water for industrial purposes for affected components in industry, it had fluctuated between permitted and non-permitted for using.
A geographical analysis of the phenomenon of child labor in the city of Nasiriya (Study in social geography)
Authors: Al Zayadi M. Husam Sabar Hadi , Al Zayadi Dr. Hussein Aliwi Nasir
Published: March 2021

The study mainly designed to stand up to the reality of child labor in the city of Nasiriyah, see the most prominent factors and reasons that led to the spread of this phenomenon in recent times and develop appropriate solutions to address them.

     It was found during the study of the high proportion of male workers to 90.4%, while the proportion of female workers fell to 9.6% of the total proportion of working children in the city. As it turns out that 27.9% of working children are those who at the age of 9 years old and under, and social aspects of the analysis showed that a large proportion of child workers belong to the families of disjointed where the percentage of divorce, strife family for my parents respondents 24.2%, and the proportion of children orphans who Vkaddo one or both parents stood at 28.7%, which reflects the role of social factors in pushing children into the labor market. Analyzing the results of the questionnaire low educational level of the parents of the respondents generally showed, reaching secretary and semi ratio secretary (mom Aujraj elementary) of parents 73.1%, and the mothers 84.4%, it turns out that the largest proportion of children are those who have abandoned the study or did not attend at all schools and the proportion of 68.7%, which confirms that there is a strong correlation between child labor and education relationship.
Fear In The Holy Koran
Authors: Shukr Dr. Hassan Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

Abstract:

    In the name of God the most gracious the most merciful And prayers and peace be upon Muhammad and his good and pure family. The fear of God is a characteristic of the messengers, and reached by the close angels and righteous Worshipers, so my research was to study (Fear in the Holy Quran) because of the importance of this subject in the life of man from several aspects of educational social socialism, and characterized by fear overwhelm his actions and statements and that got the happiness of the realm and the hereafter   It is a light cast by God in the heart of His worshipers , and worship without fear has no effect, only if the worshiper  subjected his body and heart to God Almighty, it sends life to work, but make worship loving the soul. My research has been divided into an introduction, three researches, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it dealt with the importance of the topic and the extent to which societies need it. As for the first topic: the definition of fear of language  and terminology, and its virtues and fruits. As for the second topic: I dealt with the reasons for the fear and opposition to it. The third topic: I have showed the types of fear. As for the fourth topic: I have addressed the fear of prayer as a model. At the end of my research I came out with the result that fear is a blessing from the grace of God on man, which he enjoys by whom he wishes of his worshipers to be pleased with the first life and the last life .
Following the strategy inside and outside the circle in the collection of material socializing with fifth graders
Authors: Creidi Dr. Abbas Ali
Published: March 2021

The current research aims to identify the impact of the strategy of inside and outside the circle in the achievement of social studies at the fifth grade primary school .

To achieve the point of this research the scholar applied  the null hypotheses :

    There is no statistically difference significant between the average scores of the experimental group students who have studied the social studies by strategy of inside and outside the circle and between the average scores of the control group who studied the same material in the trditional method in the achievement .

    The current research confined on the students of public primary day schools in Baghdad for the academic year (2016/2017), the scholar depended on a partial seizure experimental design (the experimental group and a control group of the post-test),and the scholar chose the primary shchool Ibn Al-Nadim one of the Education directorate /Al-Russafa the second / Baghdad, for the academic year (2016/2017) and that for the purpose of application the experiment , the sample consisted of (80) students , by (40) one in the experiment group that taught according to the strategy of inside and outside the circle, and (40) of the student in the control group that taught by the traditional method .

     The scholar equalized between the two groups before starting the experience in some variables (pre-knowledge test, IQ level ), the material that going to be taught has been identified which included the first two chapters of the social studies book that going to be taught to the fifth grade primary, then the scholar formed the behavioral goals that included (80) behavioral goal in light of the overall goals and according to (Bloom) classification for the knoledge domain of three levels (knoledge, understanding, application) .

     The scholar prepared an achievement objective test a multiple-choice type that included (30) paragraph according to the map test.

The experience applied in the academic year (2016/2017) by three lessons per week for each group .

    The result showed that there are statistically diffrences significant at the level of (0,05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who have studied by strategy of inside and outside the circle and between the average scores of the control group who studied the same material in the trditional method and the advantage of the experimental group in the achievement .
The downward spiral of the concepts of the prophet in the Makkah Quranic period Quotations in semantic analysis and explanatory criticis
Authors: Al Ardhi Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Jaafar
Published: March 2021

The inferior view of the Qur'anic discourse and its context is given a qualitative explanation because it puts us in front of the Qur'anic verses that have dealt with the stages of the Islamic call in a real and precise manner. The examination of the tools and treatments deepens an internal Koranic examination that goes beyond the external examination which is likely to contradict the Qur'anic will.

This is the result of the downstream view of the production of accurate interpretive statements in the production of the realist hierarchy in the expression of the Muhammadic message and the concepts that share the production of the system of the apostolic act and what it opposes. This is why careful reading of the concepts related to awareness of the apostolic phenomenon One hand and facing it on the other. The meaning of this is that we are faced with systematic observations that show their effects in monitoring the Quranic follow-up to the community event, and Quranic follow-up to receive the Koranic discourse and dealing with the Prophet peace be upon him and peace and blessings at the beginning of the call, As well as its impact on the manifestations of the Prophet's biography and recording the positions of Quranic follow-up in this field and the Koranic monitoring of the incidents; the research is to read a set of words in order to produce a developmental understanding.

The research aims at following up the concepts of the opposition in the atmosphere of the Muhammedian missionary formation and produce an inferior reading of the system of this formation and solve problems of nodal and show the effects of intellectual and advocacy active in the Quranic stage Makki; where research ends in the moments of the downward spiral to the formation accompanied by concepts: muzammel; prophet; withess; the owner; orphan; host; the rost; Al-munther; the save; prophet the proverb; Al-Bashir to develop the network of the massage in this phasein the light of these concepts of the institutional.     .
The Jewish Sect in Egypt 1897-1948 –A study in Their Zionist Activity
Authors: Edan Lege Dr.Yousif Mahmmed
Published: March 2021

The Zionist activity of the Jewish community in Egypt coincided with the beginnings of the emergence of the World Zionist movement, which found in the Jews of Egypt a great variety and geographically close to Palestine, and from this reality the gain of support for that community and harnessing its human and material energies in the service of World Zionism was one of the goals of the organization In 1897, the first Zionist Society was founded in Cairo in the name of the "Zionist Society of Barkostash", followed by the organizations and institutions that promote Zionist ideology in Egypt and the emigration of Jews to Palestine, and these institutions describe the members of the Jewish community in Egypt with guests who cannot They settle or calm their thoughts only in their home, the Zionist movement has been active among the ranks of the poor of the Jews of Egypt, and the Zionist propaganda has taken their promise of economic prosperity, democracy, tolerance and freedom of opinion in their promised state, and it is noteworthy that the Jewish community in Egypt enjoyed religious tolerance and freedom Wide and government support, the Egyptian government did not interfere in the affairs of that community, and this contributed to the growing phenomenon of Zionist activity in Egypt, and that activity was initially met with a bit of indifference from the government and the Muslim clerics and the general Egyptian people, perhaps because they did not know the dangerous intentions of that The global project, which intends to gather Jews from all over the world and settle them in Palestine, and with the growing national consciousness and the development of the Palestinian cause and the intensification of political assassinations by Zionist organizations in Palestine, the intentions of the Zionist movement are becoming clearer and in Egypt has become an official and popular reaction to the activity .
The effectiveness of employing each of Ishikawa's strategies and the key word in teaching biology and its reflection on strategic reading and cognitive thinking skills among the fifth grade students (bio)
Authors: Ibrahim Assist. Lecturer. Haidar Maan
Published: March 2021

The research aims at identifying the effectiveness of employing both Ishikawa strategies and the key word in teaching biology and its reflection on strategic reading and cognitive thinking skills among the fifth grade students. The researcher selected the study sample from all students in the fifth grade (2016 - 2017) from the Al-Furat Secondary School for Boys under the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Al-Karkh / 1 and the chosen means, (46) students distributed randomly on two divisions (A, B). The total number of students in Division A is 24 students studying using the Ishikawa strategy, and the total number of students in Division B is 22 students studying using the keyword strategy. The equivalence of the two groups was verified in some variables that are believed to affect the results of the experiment: age, previous achievement in biology, strategic reading scale, and cognitive skills testing. The two groups were equal in all variables. As for the research tool, the researcher adopted the strategic reading scale with some modifications, the final form of which was (30) paragraphs. The researcher also prepared the skills of cognitive thinking, which consisted of (30) paragraphs. After completing the research experiment, In the strategic reading scale and the testing of cognitive thinking skills, the experimental group taught in Ishikawa's post-test strategy is superior to strategic reading and cognitive thinking skills to the control group taught using the keyword strategy.
The effectiveness of the delegate's mobile strategy in collecting biology and motivation in the fourth grade
Authors: Jaid Al Rikab M. Dr. Qusay Qassimi
Published: March 2021

The aim of the  present research is to find out the effctiveness of Roving Reporter  strategy  in the students' achievement  of the four-grade  science in biology and their     achievement  motivation through investigating the following two hypotheses:

1-There is no statistically  significant difference in the  significance level of  (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will be  taught  by Roving Reporter strategy and the average scores of the control group students   who will be taught by the same material by the traditional method  in the biology achievement  test.

2-There is no statistically  significant difference in the  significance level of  (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will be  taught  byRoving Reporter  strategy and the average scores of the control group students  who will be taught the same material by the traditional method  intheachievement motivation scale.

     The sample of the research consisted of (60) students of four-grade science from Abe dharr Al-Ghafary  preparatory in the city baghdad Rusafa- three  for the school year(2016-2017) and this school to apply this experience. Students selected randomly into two groups each group consists of (30) students. Both group were equivalent in number of variables such as: Achievement motivation.

 At investigating the hypotheses، the research is built on an achievement test that consists of (32) items، (29) items of a multiple-choice type and (3) items of essay question، The validity and reliability are checked. The researcher adopted the scale of(Al-Janaby،2013) to measure the study achievement motivation after checked by a group of experts to make the suitable changes

according to the  validity and reliability.

   At the final the scale consists of (50) items. After the implementation of experiment in second course for the study Year of (2017-2016) from the researcher and his research groups according to study plans that prepared. The researcher applied  the achievement test and measure the study achievement motivation for the two groups  experimental and control .The data was processed statistically by using(T-test) for equal to two independent samples .The results showed superiority of the experimental group students who studied according to Roving Reporter strategy on the control group students who studied by the traditional method in variables of study achievement and achievement motivation.

   In the light of the results the researcher concluded that the Roving Reporter strategy has positive effect in biology achievement and achievement motivation.

According to these resells ،the researcher has some recommendations and suggestions sac has :to use Roving Reporter strategy to teach mathematics and make more studies  that use the active learning strategy in other variables that not contained in this study.

Keywords: effectiveness, mobile delegate strategy, biology, mental motivation, fourth graders.
ІНСТИТУЦІЙНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ОКРЕМИХ АСПЕКТІВ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Свидрук І. І. , Клепанчук О. Ю.
Published: March 2021

Статтю присвячено виявленню проблемних зон функціонування ринку праці України і окреслен-ню пріоритетів його інституційного регулювання. Аналіз макроекономічних індикаторів дозволив структуро-вано дослідити п’ятирічну динаміку показників розвитку ринку праці за рівнями продуктивної, соціально-корисної та повної зайнятості, а також фрикційного, структурного і циклічного безробіття. Кількість зай-нятого населення у віці 15-70 років у 2019 р. зросла на 217 тис. осіб порівняно з 2018 р. та становила 16,6 млн. осіб. Відповідно, рівень зайнятості зріс у всіх вікових групах. Попри сильні позиції України в галузі освіти і професійної орієнтації, виявлено значний розрив між кількістю фахівців та їх ефективною задіяністю у реаль-них секторах економіки. У 2018-2019 рр. близько половини освіченої молоді працювали не за фахом, а понад 45% безробітних мають вищу освіту. Виявлено, що на ринку праці України, незважаючи на потужне інститу-ційне втручання, все ще мають місце неформальні трудові відносини, які включають тіньове працевлашту-вання та тіньову оплату праці. Кількість зайнятих у неформальному секторі економіки в 2019 р. скоротилася на 81 тис. осіб порівняно з 2018 р., однак близько 3,5 млн. осіб (19,4% наявної робочої сили) не реєстрували трудові відносини. Загальний аналіз рівня заробітної плати на ринку праці засвідчив значення його низького рівня для прийняття працівниками рішення щодо трудової міграції. Кількість безробітного населення у 2019 р. скоротилася на 91 тис. осіб і становила близько 1,5 млн. осіб. Рівень безробіття скоротився з 8,8% до 8,2% в усіх регіонах, однак перевищує середні значення у країнах Європейського союзу (6,7%). Активну політику зай-нятості запропоновано розглядати як інструмент сприяння розширеному відтворенню людського капіталу, оскільки її реалізація передбачає створення робочих місць та організацію систем перепідготовки безробітних. У подальшому доцільно розширити дослідження умов функціонування ринку праці, систематизувати переваги і недоліки його інституційного регулювання та визначити необхідність та доцільність державного втручання у окремі аспекти його розвитку.
ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНИХ ВІДНОСИН В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Колянко О. В.
Published: March 2021

Стаття розглядає особливості державного регулювання корпоративних відносин з точки зору створення організаційних засад функціонування підприємств корпоративної форми власності в умовах ринко-вих відносин. Інституційні процеси, що мають місце сьогодні у національній економіці України, багато в чому пов’язані з формуванням механізму державного управління корпоративними відносинами з урахуванням сучас-ного типу трансформаційної ринкової економіки. Одним із найважливіших елементів зовнішнього середовища корпоративного управління є державне регулювання корпоративного сектора. У цілому державне регулювання як один із напрямків корпоративного управління виходить за межі безпосереднього управління державними підприємствами та господарськими товариствами корпоративного виду. Створюючи цілісну організаційно-правову базу функціонування економіки, держава так чи інакше регулює різні сторони діяльності корпоратив-них підприємств. Регулювання здійснюється органами загальної та спеціальної компетенції. Такий підхід хара-ктерний для всіх країн і означає, що на рівні законодавчих органів видаються нормативні акти, які мають чинність закону і регламентують загальні основи функціонування корпоративного сектора. Дослідженням встановлено, що організаційно-правове регулювання функціонування корпоративних структур визначило на-ступні тенденції розвитку корпоративного управління: посилення вимог до розкриття інформації, підвищення ролі контролю власників за органами управління, посилення державного контролю за діяльністю корпорацій, розвиток законодавства щодо захисту прав дрібних акціонерів і кредиторів корпорації, посилення регламента-ції випуску акцій, змін статутного капіталу, підвищення уваги до питань реорганізації корпорацій. При цьому за період незалежного розвитку економіки України державне врегулювання корпоративних відносин стосува-лося питань внутрішньої побудови та функціонування корпоративних структур, взаємодії з іншими підприєм-ницькими структурами та органами державної влади, формування засад функціонування ринку цінних паперів.
МЕТОДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНО-ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ
Authors: Гріщенко І. В. , Білецька Н. В. , Циганчук В. А. , Мазур О. В.
Published: March 2021

В статті розкрита актуальність дослідження сучасного стану економіки, на якому форму-ються конкурентні переваги окремих галузей, суб’єктів господарської діяльності, а також самої держави. Відмічено, що в економічній літературі відсутній єдиний підхід серед науковців до визначення методів забезпе-чення ефективності інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів у сучасних умовах господарювання. Методичний ін-струментарій забезпечення ефективності інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів в сучасних умовах економічного розвитку нашої держави визначає принципи реалізації, завдання управління, повноваження і зобов’язання учас-ників та комплекс управлінських рішень, спрямованих на забезпечення ефективності реалізації. Узагальнені основні користувачі методичного інструментарію процесу забезпечення ефективності інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів. Розкрита роль суб’єкта управління проектами. Досліджено рівень соціального ефекту в процесі реалізації інвестиційно-інноваційного проекту. Розкрита роль суб’єкта державного управління, який визначає поведінку учасників галузевого кластера в процесі досягнення цілей за рахунок розробки відповідного нормативного і методичного забезпечення їх діяльності, а також прямої адміністративної дії. Досліджено складові забезпечення ефективності інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів: організаційну, управлінську, економі-чну. Наведено етапи організаційної, управлінської, економічної складової забезпечення ефективності проектів. Виділені завдання підприємств – учасників проектів. Запропоновано шляхи єдиної державної політики у сфері підтримки соціально-економічних ініціатив органами державної влади. Рекомендовано систему інформаційно-го забезпечення інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів. На думку авторів, запропонований комплекс методів за-безпечення ефективності інвестиційно-інноваційних проектів, що містить організаційну, управлінську й еко-номічну складові, дозволить забезпечити ефективну реалізацію функцій управління на кожному з етапів реалі-зації проектів, а також забезпечити і ефективність самих проектів.
АВТОБУСНІ ПАСАЖИРСЬКІ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ФІНАНСОВІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ АВТОГОСПОДАРСТВ
Authors: Бурдик О. Ю.
Published: March 2021

У статті охарактеризовано міські автобусні пасажирські перевезення та досліджено їх вплив на фінансові результати діяльності автогосподарств. Важливим є огляд цієї теми у розрізі перевезень паса-жирів в Україні громадським транспортом із зазначенням частки у них автоперевезень. Визначено зміни в темпах зростання пасажирських перевезень за досліджувані роки. Описано особливості діяльності авто-транспорту за кордоном. Також розраховано динаміку перевезень пасажирів автомобільним транспортом міського сполучення, розглянуто перевезення у Західному регіоні України. Метою статті є співставлення статистичних даних для виявлення причин збитковості перевезень та пошуку шляхів стабілізації їх фінансо-вого стану. У ході дослідження встановлено, що збитковість перевезень зумовлена насамперед неякісними перевезеннями, внаслідок чого багато пасажирів користуються або більш дешевим міським електротранс-портом, або таксі чи власним автомобілем. Зауважено, що спосіб покращити фінансовий стан автотранс-портних підприємств за рахунок підняття тарифів не дав очікуваних результатів. Незважаючи на регулярне підвищення плати за проїзд, діяльність автотранспортних підприємств так і залишається збитковою, а умо-ви перевезень пасажирів й надалі здійснюються на низькому рівні. До того ж, відсутність комфортабель-ності та сервісу додатково провокує зменшення попиту на користування пасажирськими автоперевезеннями. Тому необхідний терміновий перегляд основних підходів до стратегії розвитку автотранспортних підприємств, застосування кардинальних змін їх діяльності, а отже і запровадження відповідних змін у веден-ні бухгалтерського обліку. Також постає питання щодо неповного відшкодування плати за проїзд пільгових категорій громадян. Відповідно до здійснених досліджень зроблено висновок, що необхідно переглянути ос-новні законодавчі документи стосовно автотранспорту, з урахуванням закордонного досвіду країн, та відоб-разити ці зміни у фінансовому обліку. Забезпечення автотранспорту інноваційними технологіями сприятиме розширенню внутрішньогосподарської звітності, що дуже важливо для прийняття управлінських рішень. До того ж, дані нововведення дадуть можливість здійснити контроль за фактичним використанням паливно-мастильних матеріалів та скорегувати встановлені на них норми.
КОНТРОЛЬ ВИКОНАННЯ БЮДЖЕТІВ: ОБЛІКОВО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА КОНТРОЛІНГУ ВИТРАТ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Головацька С. І.
Published: March 2021

Важливе місце у забезпеченні функціонування господарського механізму підприємств посідає внутрішній контроль, який забезпечує реалізацію місії і мети створення підприємства, суттєво впливає на вияв-лення та мобілізацію наявних резервів, сприяє підвищенню ефективності та якості функціонування. Удоскона-лення системи управління витратами на засадах бюджетування дозволяє розробити оптимальну концепцію ве-дення бізнесу для підприємства, значно спростити процедуру контролю за рівнем витрат підприємства та на якісно новому рівні організувати процеси діяльності підприємства. Алгоритм процесу управління витратами на основі контролю за відхиленнями передбачає: розрахунок рівня витрат за складовими; зіставлення норматив-ного показника рівня витрат із фактичним; формування звіту щодо відхилень із відокремленням пріоритет-ності питань; визначення причин відхилень та їх взаємозв’язок між підрозділами; формулювання і розгляд про-позицій щодо запобігання негативним відхиленням. У статті розглянуто контролінг як систему забезпечення інформаційно-аналітичної підтримки процесів ухвалення рішень, визначено організаційно-методичні етапи управління витратами підприємства за відхиленнями, визначено їх інформаційний зміст, обгрунтовано, що облік і аналіз відхилень є дієвим інструментом контролю за витратами; систематизовано підходи і методи аналізу витрат за відхиленнями; розроблено систему кодів відхилень фактичних показників витрат діяль-ності від показників бюджетів; доведено, що використання системи управління за відхиленнями дозволяє підвищити якість прийняття управлінських рішень.
Osmanlı İslami Politik Düşüncesi ve İdari Tecrübesinin Machiavelli Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: KOÇ Yunus , TOPLUK Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Niccolo Machiavelli’nin İtalya’nın başında görmek istediği “Prens” tipiyle kendi merceğinden görüp değerlendirdiği “sultan” karakteri arasındaki örtüşmelere dikkat çekmektir. Çalışmada, devlet adamlığı vasfı da bulunan Floransalı yazarın Osmanlı’nın en satvetli ve kudretli zamanını idrak eden bir düşünür olarak bu güce kayıtsız kalamayacağı varsayılmıştır. Öncelikle yazarın, Osmanlı İslam düşüncesi ile açık ya da muhtemel teması çeşitli araştırmalara işaret edilerek ispatlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonrasında Machiavelli’nin “Prens” eserini kurgularken İslam Osmanlı tecrübesinin entelektüel, siyasi, idari, askeri ve dini yapısından neler almış olabileceği tartışılarak, Prens ile Machiavelli’nin muhayyilesindeki sultan arasındaki benzerliklere işaret edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Prens’in bir anlamda Osmanlı sultanının İtalya koşullarına uyarlanmış şekli olabileceği iddia edilmiştir.
İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyete: Türk Siyasetinde “İktidar Boşluğunun” Doldurulması
Authors: BAYKAL Ömer
Published: March 2021

Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası imparatorluğun fiilen varlığını yitirmesi neticesinde bir iktidar boşluğu oluşmuştur. Devletin muhafazası amacıyla hareket eden, birçoğu yenileşme döneminde ordu içerisinde görev yapmış olan elitlerin ortaya koyduğu çaba, kısa süre içerisinde amaç ve yöntem değiştirmiştir. Ulusal egemenlik söylemini Anadolu’da dolaşıma sokan, öncülük ettiği meclis ve yönettiği ordu üzerinden iktidar boşluğunu dolduran Mustafa Kemal Paşa siyasi lider konumuna evirilmiştir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın göstermiş olduğu çaba şahsi bir başarının ötesinde kısasüre sonra kurulacak olan modern cumhuriyetin temellerini oluşturmuştur. Çalışma, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın geleneksel elitler ile olan mücadelesini ve Birinci Meclisin bu sürede oynadığı tarihsel rolü, iktidar ilişkileri bakımından çözümlemeyi hedeflemektedir.
Dil Kardeşliği: Göçmen Öğrencilerle Etkileşimde Dilin Rolü Olabilir mi?*
Authors: UÇAR Metin
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma, aynı isimli bir bilimsel araştırma projesinin verilerine dayanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Proje, aralarında yeterince arkadaşlık ilişkisi olmayan, birbirlerinden uzak duran ve birbirleri hakkında önyargıları olduğu tespit edilen yerli ve göçmen ortaöğretim öğrencilerini bir araya getirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Bunun için “dil öğrenme/öğretme etkinlikleri” araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Birbirlerine ana dillerini öğretecek yerli ve göçmen öğrencilerin, birlikte vakit geçirecekleri, arkadaş olacakları ve birbirleri hakkındaki önyargılarını aşacakları varsayılmıştır. Dil etkinlikleri öncesinde, esnasında ve bittikten sonra öğrencilerin birlikte vakit geçirme ve arkadaşlık düzeyleri, anlamacı ve keşfedici bir bilimsel metodolojiye uygun olarak, “enformel sohbet tarzı görüşme” ve “gözlem” teknikleri kullanılarak anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuçta öğrencilerin arkadaşlık düzeylerinin geliştiği gözlenmiştir. Kız ve erkek öğrenciler, göçmen ve Türk öğrenciler, lise ve ortaokul öğrencileri arasında ciddi farklar olduğu da anlaşılmıştır. Kızların erkeklere, göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere, liselilerin ortaokullulara oranla daha çok gelişim sergilediği görülmüştür. Ancak genel olarak, tüm gruplarda bir ilerleme gözlendiğinden, entegrasyon için akranlarla sosyalleşmenin ve özellikle dil ile ilgili etkinliklerin ne kadar önemli olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
New Marketing Strategy to Increase Sales in the Digital Transformation Competition in Indonesia a Case Study of PT XYZ
Authors: Beskarina Ivory Rachmalia
Published: March 2021

Digital transformation aims to manage an organization in light of progressing digitalization to assure sustainable value creation since it is a key to develop the new opportunity, product, and sales. PT XYZ gives data-driven solutions for business challenges helping decision-makers to build new revenue streams, to create better customer experiences, and to lower business costs. Therefore, the marketing plan is the main issue for PT XYZ to increase sales and raise awareness of the market in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to propose a new marketing strategy for PT XYZ to compete in the digital infrastructure competition. The author would like to analyze the external and internal data using the qualitative and quantitative methods to formulate SWOT. The SWOT result used to propose new marketing strategies to increase sales and market share in Indonesia with a new STP and 7P marketing mix. In general, the impact of technological change and the right marketing strategy on PT XYZ has a positive effect because it improves human life quality and sustainable society.
Królewicz wśród królów. Portrety władców zachodnioeuropejskich w staropolskich relacjach z podróży Władysława Wazy (1624–1625)
Authors: Puchalska-Dąbrowska Bernadetta M.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to analyse literary images of selected silhouettes from the travels of Prince Władysław Vasa to the countries of Western Europe in the years 1624-1625. The young Vasa’s train included future authors of peregrination reports: Stefan Pac – a writer, later treasurer and Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, Albrecht Stanisław Radziwiłł – Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, and Jan Hagenaw of Warmia. The silhouettes of Western European monarchs, presented in the context of specific events, were treated in a fragmentary way and included elements interesting to the author. On the other hand, the ways of presenting the Polish prince, according to the “promotional” strategy adopted by diarists, are aimed at showing the hero as an individual worthy of being “among kings”, capable – thanks to his skills – of finding his place in court structures.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN (PPKn)
Authors: Cahyono Cahyono , Sukarliana Lili , Mulyana Dadang
Published: March 2021

One of the learning models in the 2013 curriculum is the inquiry learning model, so researchers are interested in finding out the application of the inquiry learning model in developing students' critical thinking skills in Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) subjects. The aim is to describe the planning, process, student responses, obstacles and efforts of teachers to the application of the inquiry learning model in developing students' critical thinking abilities in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects. The theory used by the inquiry learning model according to Komalasari (2017) and critical thinking according to Deswani (in Nana Najmina 2017). Research Method Descriptive study qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, literature study, and documentation techniques. Respondents of Pancasila and Citizenship Education Teachers and Class XI Students. Sampling was taken by means of Proportionet Stratified Random Sampling and data processing techniques by means of reduction, display, verification, triangulation. The results showed that with the application of the inquiry learning model students could develop critical thinking skills by solving problems. The obstacles faced are generally from the allocation of time, students and the many efforts made by Pancasila and Civics Education teachers.

Keywords: Inquary Learning Model, critical thinking, Pancasila and Citizenship Education