bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Feature Object-Based Change Detection Using Self-Adaptive Weight Change Vector Analysis
Authors: Chen Qiang , Chen Yunhao
Published: June 2016

Change detection in multi-temporal remote sensing images has usually been treated as a problem of explicitly detecting land cover transitions. To date, multi-dimensional change vector analysis has been an effective solution to such problems. However, using change vector analysis makes it hard to calculate multiple directions or kinds of change. Through combining multi-feature object-based image analysis and change vector analysis, this paper presents a novel method for object-based change detection of multiple changes. Our technique, named self-adaptive weight-change vector analysis, carries out: (1) change vector analysis to determine magnitude and direction of changes; and (2) self-adaptive weight-based analysis of the standard deviation of image objects. Furthermore, a polar representation has been adopted to acquire visual change information for image objects. This paper proposes an automatic technique that can be applied to the field of multi-feature object-based change detection for very high resolution remotely sensed images. The two-step automatic detection strategy includes extraction of changed objects using an expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the threshold under a Gaussian assumption, and identification of different kinds of changes using a K-means clustering algorithm. The effectiveness of our approach has been tested on both multispectral and panchromatic fusion images. Results of these two experimental cases confirm that this approach can detect multiple kinds of change. We found that self-adaptive weight-change vector analysis had superior capabilities of object-based change detection compared with standard change vector analysis, yielding Kappa statistics of 0.7976 and 0.7508 for Cases 1 and 2, respectively.
Application of Helmert Variance Component Based Adaptive Kalman Filter in Multi-GNSS PPP/INS Tightly Coupled Integration
Authors: Gao Zhouzheng , Shen Wenbin , Zhang Hongping , Ge Maorong , Niu Xiaoji
Published: June 2016

The integration of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) based on Real-time Kinematic (RTK) and Single Point Positioning (SPP) technology have been applied as a powerful approach in kinematic positioning and attitude determination. However, the accuracy of RTK and SPP based GPS/INS integration mode will degrade visibly along with the increasing user-base distance and the quality of pseudo-range. In order to overcome such weaknesses, the tightly coupled integration between GPS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and INS was proposed recently. Because of the rapid development of the multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite System (multi-GNSS), we introduce the multi-GNSS into the tightly coupled integration of PPP and INS in this paper. Meanwhile, in order to weaken the impacts of the GNSS observations with low quality and the inaccurate state model on the performance of the multi-GNSS PPP/INS tightly coupled integration, the Helmert variance component estimation based adaptive Kalman filter is employed in the algorithm implementation. Finally, a set of vehicle-borne GPS + BeiDou + GLONASS and Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) INS data is analyzed to evaluate the performance of such algorithm. The statistics indicate that the performance of the multi-GNSS PPP/INS tightly coupled integration can be enhanced significantly in terms of both position accuracy and convergence time.
Planar Laser-Based QEPAS Trace Gas Sensor
Authors: Ma Yufei , He Ying , Chen Cheng , Yu Xin , Zhang Jingbo , Peng Jiangbo , Sun Rui , Tittel Frank
Published: June 2016

A novel quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) trace gas detection scheme is reported in this paper. A cylindrical lens was employed for near-infrared laser focusing. The laser beam was shaped as a planar line laser between the gap of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) prongs. Compared with a spherical lens-based QEPAS sensor, the cylindrical lens-based QEPAS sensor has the advantages of easier laser beam alignment and a reduction of stringent stability requirements. Therefore, the reported approach is useful in long-term and continuous sensor operation.
Spectral Characterization of a Prototype SFA Camera for Joint Visible and NIR Acquisition
Authors: Thomas Jean-Baptiste , Lapray Pierre-Jean , Gouton Pierre , Clerc Cédric
Published: June 2016

Multispectral acquisition improves machine vision since it permits capturing more information on object surface properties than color imaging. The concept of spectral filter arrays has been developed recently and allows multispectral single shot acquisition with a compact camera design. Due to filter manufacturing difficulties, there was, up to recently, no system available for a large span of spectrum, i.e., visible and Near Infra-Red acquisition. This article presents the achievement of a prototype of camera that captures seven visible and one near infra-red bands on the same sensor chip. A calibration is proposed to characterize the sensor, and images are captured. Data are provided as supplementary material for further analysis and simulations. This opens a new range of applications in security, robotics, automotive and medical fields.
Quality-Related Monitoring and Grading of Granulated Products by Weibull-Distribution Modeling of Visual Images with Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Liu Jinping , Tang Zhaohui , Xu Pengfei , Liu Wenzhong , Zhang Jin , Zhu Jianyong
Published: June 2016

The topic of online product quality inspection (OPQI) with smart visual sensors is attracting increasing interest in both the academic and industrial communities on account of the natural connection between the visual appearance of products with their underlying qualities. Visual images captured from granulated products (GPs), e.g., cereal products, fabric textiles, are comprised of a large number of independent particles or stochastically stacking locally homogeneous fragments, whose analysis and understanding remains challenging. A method of image statistical modeling-based OPQI for GP quality grading and monitoring by a Weibull distribution(WD) model with a semi-supervised learning classifier is presented. WD-model parameters (WD-MPs) of GP images’ spatial structures, obtained with omnidirectional Gaussian derivative filtering (OGDF), which were demonstrated theoretically to obey a specific WD model of integral form, were extracted as the visual features. Then, a co-training-style semi-supervised classifier algorithm, named COSC-Boosting, was exploited for semi-supervised GP quality grading, by integrating two independent classifiers with complementary nature in the face of scarce labeled samples. Effectiveness of the proposed OPQI method was verified and compared in the field of automated rice quality grading with commonly-used methods and showed superior performance, which lays a foundation for the quality control of GP on assembly lines.
A 75-ps Gated CMOS Image Sensor with Low Parasitic Light Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Fan , Niu Hanben
Published: June 2016

In this study, a 40 × 48 pixel global shutter complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with an adjustable shutter time as low as 75 ps was implemented using a 0.5-μm mixed-signal CMOS process. The implementation consisted of a continuous contact ring around each p+/n-well photodiode in the pixel array in order to apply sufficient light shielding. The parasitic light sensitivity of the in-pixel storage node was measured to be 1/8.5 × 107 when illuminated by a 405-nm diode laser and 1/1.4 × 104 when illuminated by a 650-nm diode laser. The pixel pitch was 24 μm, the size of the square p+/n-well photodiode in each pixel was 7 μm per side, the measured random readout noise was 217 e− rms, and the measured dynamic range of the pixel of the designed chip was 5500:1. The type of gated CMOS image sensor (CIS) that is proposed here can be used in ultra-fast framing cameras to observe non-repeatable fast-evolving phenomena.
Robust Control for the Segway with Unknown Control Coefficient and Model Uncertainties
Authors: Kim Byung , Park Bong
Published: June 2016

The Segway, which is a popular vehicle nowadays, is an uncertain nonlinear system and has an unknown time-varying control coefficient. Thus, we should consider the unknown time-varying control coefficient and model uncertainties to design the controller. Motivated by this observation, we propose a robust control for the Segway with unknown control coefficient and model uncertainties. To deal with the time-varying unknown control coefficient, we employ the Nussbaum gain technique. We introduce an auxiliary variable to solve the underactuated problem. Due to the prescribed performance control technique, the proposed controller does not require the adaptive technique, neural network, and fuzzy logic to compensate the uncertainties. Therefore, it can be simple. From the Lyapunov stability theory, we prove that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, we provide the simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Photon-Counting Arrays for Time-Resolved Imaging
Authors: Antolovic I. , Burri Samuel , Hoebe Ron , Maruyama Yuki , Bruschini Claudio , Charbon Edoardo
Published: June 2016

The paper presents a camera comprising 512 × 128 pixels capable of single-photon detection and gating with a maximum frame rate of 156 kfps. The photon capture is performed through a gated single-photon avalanche diode that generates a digital pulse upon photon detection and through a digital one-bit counter. Gray levels are obtained through multiple counting and accumulation, while time-resolved imaging is achieved through a 4-ns gating window controlled with subnanosecond accuracy by a field-programmable gate array. The sensor, which is equipped with microlenses to enhance its effective fill factor, was electro-optically characterized in terms of sensitivity and uniformity. Several examples of capture of fast events are shown to demonstrate the suitability of the approach.
Entangled Harmonic Oscillators and Space-Time Entanglement
Authors: Başkal Sibel , Kim Young , Noz Marilyn
Published: June 2016

The mathematical basis for the Gaussian entanglement is discussed in detail, as well as its implications in the internal space-time structure of relativistic extended particles. It is shown that the Gaussian entanglement shares the same set of mathematical formulas with the harmonic oscillator in the Lorentz-covariant world. It is thus possible to transfer the concept of entanglement to the Lorentz-covariant picture of the bound state, which requires both space and time separations between two constituent particles. These space and time variables become entangled as the bound state moves with a relativistic speed. It is shown also that our inability to measure the time-separation variable leads to an entanglement entropy together with a rise in the temperature of the bound state. As was noted by Paul A. M. Dirac in 1963, the system of two oscillators contains the symmetries of the O ( 3 , 2 ) de Sitter group containing two O ( 3 , 1 ) Lorentz groups as its subgroups. Dirac noted also that the system contains the symmetry of the S p ( 4 ) group, which serves as the basic language for two-mode squeezed states. Since the S p ( 4 ) symmetry contains both rotations and squeezes, one interesting case is the combination of rotation and squeeze, resulting in a shear. While the current literature is mostly on the entanglement based on squeeze along the normal coordinates, the shear transformation is an interesting future possibility. The mathematical issues on this problem are clarified.
Urban Drainage System Improvement for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Kang Narae , Kim Soojun , Kim Yonsoo , Noh Huiseong , Hong Seung , Kim Hung
Published: June 2016

Recently, urban areas have experienced frequent, large-scale flooding, a situation that has been aggravated by climate change. This study aims to improve the urban drainage system to facilitate climate change adaptation. A methodology and a series of mitigation strategies are presented to efficiently improve the urban drainage system in light of climate change. In addition, we assess the impact of climate change and predict the scale of potential future flood damage by applying the methodology and mitigation strategies to urban areas. Based on the methodology presented, urban flood prevention measures for Gyeyang-gu (Province), Incheon, Korea, was established. The validity of the proposed alternatives is verified by assessing the economic feasibility of the projects to reduce flood damage. We expect that the methodology presented will aid the decision-making process and assist in the development of reasonable strategies to improve the urban drainage system for adaptation to climate change.
Water Sensitive Urban Design: An Investigation of Current Systems, Implementation Drivers, Community Perceptions and Potential to Supplement Urban Water Services
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Pezzaniti David , Myers Baden , Cook Stephen , Tjandraatmadja Grace , Chacko Priya , Chavoshi Sattar , Kemp David , Leonard Rosemary , Koth Barbara , Walton Andrea
Published: June 2016

Large scale centralised water, wastewater and stormwater systems have been implemented for over 100 years. These systems have provided a safe drinking water supply, efficient collection and disposal of wastewater to protect human health, and the mitigation of urban flood risk. The sustainability of current urban water systems is under pressure from a range of challenges which include: rapid population growth and resulting urbanisation, climate change impacts, and infrastructure that is ageing and reaching capacity constraints. To address these issues, urban water services are now being implemented with Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approaches. WSUD systems can deliver multiple benefits including water conservation, stormwater quality improvement, flood control, landscape amenity and a healthy living environment. These systems can be provided as stand-alone systems or in combination with centralised systems. These systems are still novel and thus face knowledge gaps that are impeding their mainstream uptake. Knowledge gaps cover technical, economic, social, and institutional aspects of their implementation. This paper is based on the outcomes of a comprehensive study conducted in South Australia which investigated impediments for mainstream uptake of WSUD, community perceptions of WSUD and potential of WSUD to achieve water conservation through the application of alternative resources, and in flood management. The outcomes are discussed in this paper for the benefit of water professionals engaged with WSUD planning, implementation, community consultation and regulation. Although the paper is based on a study conducted in South Australia, the comprehensive framework developed to conduct this detailed study and investigation can be adopted in any part of the world.
Measurement of reflection factor at oblique incidence with pressure-velocity transducers
Authors: Lin Wang-Lin , Bi Chuan-Xing , Zhang Yong-Bin
Published: June 2016

Tamura proposed the well-known spatial Fourier transform method for measuring the reflection factor at oblique incidence, which is based on measurements of pressure on two planes (PP-method). In the present paper, that spatial Fourier transform method is modified by allowing the input
data to be measurements of pressure and particle velocity on one plane (PV-method) or particle velocity on two planes (VV-method). Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to examine the feasibility of the PV- and VV-methods and to show their performances in comparison with the
PP-method. It is shown that the PV-method provides almost the same results as the PP-method under all conditions. Meanwhile, the VV-method provides good results at angles of incidence less than a certain value (around 60? if the radial measurement line is about 100 cm long) when a dipole source
is used, but leads to significant deviations at larger angles of incidence except for (nearly) rigid material. Also, the VV-method performs better than the other two methods when the flow resistivity of the absorbing material is large or when the frequency is high.
Fractional model of viscoelastic oscillator and application to a crawler tractor
Authors: Li Zhan-Long , Sun Da-Gang , Sun Bao , Yan Bi-Juan , Han Bin-Hui , Meng Jie
Published: June 2016

Viscoelastic oscillator (VEO) is the basic model extracted from viscoelastic damping structures. To precisely understand the dynamic behavior of VEO, generalized modeling of fractional viscoelastic oscillator (FVEO) is proposed and its frequency response is deduced. For demonstrating
purpose, frequency response of three FVEOs is studied. As an engineering application case, the viscoelastic suspension mounted in a heavy crawler-type vehicle is considered and its vibration model is built by FVEO, whose time-domain solution is numerically derived by matrix differential theory.
The results indicate that FVEO is a valid approach to evaluate the dynamic response of viscoelastic damping structures.
Identifying Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage Information from Internet Resources
Authors: Sharma Vivekanand , Holmes John , Sarkar Indra
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Identify and highlight research issues and methods used in studying Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) information needs, access, and exchange over the Internet.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines from PubMed to identify articles that have studied Internet use in the CAM context. Additional searches were conducted at Nature.com and Google Scholar.

Results: The Internet provides a major medium for attaining CAM information and can also serve as an avenue for conducting CAM related surveys. Based on the literature analyzed in this review, there seems to be significant interest in developing methodologies for identifying CAM treatments, including the analysis of search query data and social media platform discussions. Several studies have also underscored the challenges in developing approaches for identifying the reliability of CAM-related information on the Internet, which may not be supported with reliable sources. The overall findings of this review suggest that there are opportunities for developing approaches for making available accurate information and developing ways to restrict the spread and sale of potentially harmful CAM products and information.

Conclusions: Advances in Internet research are yet to be used in context of understanding CAM prevalence and perspectives. Such approaches may provide valuable insights into the current trends and needs in context of CAM use and spread.
Long-Distance Phonotactics as Tier-Based Strictly 2-Local Languages
Authors: McMullin Kevin , Hansson Gunnar Ólafur
Published: June 2016

This paper shows that the properties of locality observed for patterns of long-distance consonant agreement and disagreement belong to a well-defined and relatively simple class of subregular formal languages (stringsets) called the Tier-based Strictly 2-Local languages, and argues that analyzing them as such has desirable theoretical implications. Specifically, treating the two elements of a long-distance dependency as adjacent segments on the computationally defined notion of a tier allows for a unified account of locality that necessarily extends to the cross-linguistically variable behavior of neutral segments (transparency and blocking). This result is significant in light of the long-standing and persistent problems that long-distance dependencies have raised for phonological theory, with current approaches still predicting several pathological patterns that have little or no empirical support.
The Phonetics of Emphatic Vowel Lengthening in English
Authors: Braver Aaron , Dresher Natalie , Kawahara Shigeto
Published: June 2016

While many languages show lexical contrasts based on duration in vowels and consonants, such lexical durational contrasts are usually limited to binary distinctions (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996). Within the phonetically-driven phonology approach (Hayes and Steraide 2004), one explanation for this fact is that, in the spirit of Dispersion Theory (Liljencrants & Lindblom 1972, Lindblom 1986), listeners have difficulty perceiving contrasts that are above binary. An alternative articulation-based explanation is that this preference is due to difficulties in producing such fine distinctions.This paper reports two experiments—which support the first, perception-difficulty theory—based on a non-lexical use of phonetic duration: lengthening to express pragmatic emphasis (e.g. Thank you sooooo much). Experiment 1 shows that some English speakers can produce beyond-binary durational distinctions, and Experiment 2 shows English speakers do not perceive these distinctions. These findings support the view that perception is behind the preference for binary lexical duration contrasts, while eliminating the articulation-based explanation
DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT PERMIT FEE USING MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL PAVEMENT DESIGN AND LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Jingnan
Published: June 2016

The study aims to determine rational overweight permit fee using Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) pavement design and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The state-of-art pavement design software, Pavement-ME, was utilized to develop Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) and estimate pavement service life under various traffic loading conditions. LCCA was conducted to calculate Marginal Pavement Damage Cost (MPDC) in terms of Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) considering variations in maintenance strategies, analysis periods, and discount rates. A methodology framework was established to calculate distance based, weight based, weight and distance based, and flat permit fee for overweight trucks. With the local data obtained in New Jersey (United States), example permit fees were determined for the major and local road network with the thick and thin asphalt pavement structure, respectively. It was found that the truck-induced damage cost varied significantly between thin and thick asphalt pavements considering different failure mechanisms in fatigue cracking and rutting. In general, overweight permit fee may not be fair to overweight trucks at different vehicle classifications if only the total overweight tonnage is regulated in the permit fee structure.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ROAD GEOMETRY, ENVIRONMENT, AND TRAFFIC VOLUME ON ROLLOVER CRASHES
Authors: Hosseinpour Mehdi , Yahaya Ahmad Shukri , Sadullah Ahmad Farhan , Ismail Noriszura , Ghadiri Seyed Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2016

There are a number of factors that cause motor vehicles to rollover. However, the impacts of roadway characteristics on rollover crashes have rarely been addressed in the literature. This study aims to apply a set of crash prediction models in order to estimate the number of rollovers as a function of road geometry, the environment, and traffic conditions. To this end, seven count-data models, including Poisson (PM), negative binomial (NB), heterogeneous negative binomial (HTNB), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), hurdle Poisson (HP), and hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models, were developed and compared using crash data collected on 448 segments of Malaysian federal roads. The results showed that the HTNB was the best-fit model among the others to model the frequency of rollovers. The variables Light-Vehicle Traffic (LVT), horizontal curvature, access points, speed limit, and centreline median were positively associated with the crash frequency, while UnPaved Shoulder Width (UPSW) and Heavy-Vehicle Traffic (HVT) were found to have the opposite effect. The findings of this study suggest that rollovers could potentially be reduced by developing road safety countermeasures, such as access management of driveways, straightening sharp horizontal curves, widening shoulder width, better design of centreline medians, and posting lower speed limits and warning signs in areas with higher rollover tendency.
SIGHT DISTANCE ANALYSES IN ROAD DESIGN PROCESS: SERBIAN PRACTICE
Authors: Gavran Dejan , Fric Sanja , Ilić Vladan , Trpčevski Filip
Published: June 2016

New Serbian policies on road design introduce the concept of operating speeds. Decades ago, national policies were based on the constant design speed concept. Among other design parameters, in relation to that constant design speed, minimum radii of horizontal and vertical road geometry were determined. Introduction of the operating speed concept provides for more realistic prediction of speed levels along the road. Unlike the constant design speed, operating speed levels vary along the road, reaching higher levels in curves with larger radii, on straight sections and on reverse curves and dropping down to the design speed level in horizontal curves with the minimum radius. Consequently, besides a constant Stopping Sight Distance (SSD), which is calculated from the constant design speed, the new term, Required Sight Distance (RSD) is introduced. RSD varies along the road, as it is calculated from the operating speed, which also varies along the road. Appropriate RSD analyses are crucial on road rehabilitation projects, since a simple resurfacing that enables higher speed levels, without providing increased RSD, may hamper the safety of a newly resurfaced road. Software tools for predicting operating speed levels and optical analyses of the road are also presented in this paper. Software tools for RSD analyses enable the import of lines of sight into the 3D model of the roadway and their export into the cross sections extracted from the model, thus facilitating the obstacle removal. Also demonstrated are tools for determining Available Sight Distance (ASD), which are based on triangulated 3D models of the roadway as well.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLECULAR GAS, H i, AND STAR FORMATION IN THE LOW-MASS, LOW-METALLICITY MAGELLANIC CLOUDS
Authors: Jameson Katherine E. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Leroy Adam K. , Meixner Margaret , Roman-Duval Julia , Gordon Karl , Hughes Annie , Israel Frank P. , Rubio Monica , Indebetouw Remy , Madden Suzanne C. , Bot Caroline , Hony Sacha , Cormier Diane , Pellegrini Eric W. , Galametz Maud , Sonneborn George
Published: June 2016

The Magellanic Clouds provide the only laboratory to study the effects of metallicity and galaxy mass on molecular gas and star formation at high (∼⃒20 pc) resolution. We use the dust emission from HERITAGE Herschel data to map the molecular gas in the Magellanic Clouds, avoiding the known biases of CO emission as a tracer of

H

2

. Using our dust-based molecular gas estimates, we find molecular gas depletion times (

τ

dep

mol

) of ∼⃒0.4 Gyr in the Large Magellanic Cloud and ∼⃒0.6 in the Small Magellanic Cloud at 1 kpc scales. These depletion times fall within the range found for normal disk galaxies, but are shorter than the average value, which could be due to recent bursts in star formation. We find no evidence for a strong intrinsic dependence of the molecular gas depletion time on metallicity. We study the relationship between the gas and the star formation rate across a range of size scales from 20 pc to ≧̸1 kpc, including how the scatter in

τ

dep

mol

changes with the size scale, and discuss the physical mechanisms driving the relationships. We compare the metallicity-dependent star formation models of Ostriker et al. and Krumholz to our observations and find that they both predict the trend in the data, suggesting that the inclusion of a diffuse neutral medium is important at lower metallicity.
PERSISTENCE MAPPING USING EUV SOLAR IMAGER DATA
Authors: Thompson B. J. , Young C. A.
Published: June 2016

We describe a simple image processing technique that is useful for the visualization and depiction of gradually evolving or intermittent structures in solar physics extreme-ultraviolet imagery. The technique is an application of image segmentation, which we call “Persistence Mapping,” to isolate extreme values in a data set, and is particularly useful for the problem of capturing phenomena that are evolving in both space and time. While integration or “time-lapse” imaging uses the full sample (of size N ), Persistence Mapping rejects (N − 1)/N of the data set and identifies the most relevant 1/N values using the following rule: if a pixel reaches an extreme value, it retains that value until that value is exceeded. The simplest examples isolate minima and maxima, but any quantile or statistic can be used. This paper demonstrates how the technique has been used to extract the dynamics in long-term evolution of comet tails, erupting material, and EUV dimming regions.
ALMA INVESTIGATION OF VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED HCN/HCO+/HNC EMISSION LINES IN THE AGN-HOSTING ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXY IRAS 20551−4250
Authors: Imanishi (今西昌俊) Masatoshi , Nakanishi (中西康一郎) Kouichiro , Izumi (泉拓磨) Takuma
Published: June 2016

We present the results of ALMA Cycle 2 observations of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 20551−4250 at HCN/HCO+/HNC J = 3–2 lines at both vibrational ground (v = 0) and vibrationally excited (v
2 = 1) levels. This galaxy contains a luminous buried active galactic nucleus (AGN), in addition to starburst activity, and our ALMA Cycle 0 data revealed a tentatively detected vibrationally excited HCN v
2 = 1f J = 4–3 emission line. In our ALMA Cycle 2 data, the HCN/HCO+/HNC J = 3–2 emission lines at v = 0 are clearly detected. The HCN and HNC v
2 = 1f J = 3–2 emission lines are also detected, but the HCO+
v
2 = 1f J = 3–2 emission line is not. Given the high energy level of v
2 = 1 and the resulting difficulty of collisional excitation, we compared these results with those of the calculation of infrared radiative pumping, using the available infrared 5–35 μm spectrum. We found that all of the observational results were reproduced if the HCN abundance was significantly higher than that of HCO+ and HNC. The flux ratio and excitation temperature between v
2 = 1f and v = 0, after correction for possible line opacity, suggests that infrared radiative pumping affects rotational (J-level) excitation at v = 0 at least for HCN and HNC. The HCN-to-HCO+
v = 0 flux ratio is higher than those of starburst-dominated regions, and will increase even more when the derived high HCN opacity is corrected. The enhanced HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratio in this AGN-hosting galaxy can be explained by the high HCN-to-HCO+ abundance ratio and sufficient HCN excitation at up to J = 4, rather than the significantly higher efficiency of infrared radiative pumping for HCN than HCO+.
NEUTRONIZATION DURING CARBON SIMMERING IN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Héctor , Piro Anthony L. , Schwab Josiah , Badenes Carles
Published: June 2016

When a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor first ignites carbon in its core, it undergoes ∼103–104 years of convective burning prior to the onset of thermonuclear runaway. This carbon simmering phase is important for setting the thermal profile and composition of the white dwarf. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we follow this convective burning and examine the production of neutron-rich isotopes. The neutron content of the SN fuel has important consequences for the ensuing nucleosynthesis, and in particular, for the production of secondary Fe-peak nuclei like Mn and stable Ni. These elements have been observed in the X-ray spectra of SN remnants like Tycho, Kepler, and 3C 397, and their yields can provide valuable insights into the physics of SNe Ia and the properties of their progenitors. We find that weak reactions during simmering can at most generate a neutron excess of ≈ 3 × 10−4. This is ≈ 70% lower than that found in previous studies that do not take the full density and temperature profile of the simmering region into account. Our results imply that the progenitor metallicity is the main contributor to the neutron excess in SN Ia fuel for Z ≳ 1/3 Z
⊙. Alternatively, at lower metallicities, this neutron excess provides a floor that should be present in any centrally-ignited SN Ia scenario.
A STUDY OF BROADBAND FARADAY ROTATION AND POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR OVER 1.3–10 GHz IN 36 DISCRETE RADIO SOURCES
Authors: Anderson C. S. , Gaensler B. M. , Feain I. J.
Published: June 2016

We present a broadband polarization analysis of 36 discrete polarized radio sources over a very broad, densely sampled frequency band. Our sample was selected on the basis of polarization behavior apparent in narrowband archival data at 1.4 GHz: half the sample shows complicated frequency-dependent polarization behavior (i.e., Faraday complexity) at these frequencies, while half shows comparatively simple behavior (i.e., they appear Faraday simple). We re-observed the sample using the Australia Telescope Compact Array in full polarization, with 6 GHz of densely sampled frequency coverage spanning 1.3–10 GHz. We have devised a general polarization modeling technique that allows us to identify multiple polarized emission components in a source, and to characterize their properties. We detect Faraday complex behavior in almost every source in our sample. Several sources exhibit particularly remarkable polarization behavior. By comparing our new and archival data, we have identified temporal variability in the broadband integrated polarization spectra of some sources. In a number of cases, the characteristics of the polarized emission components, including the range of Faraday depths over which they emit, their temporal variability, spectral index, and the linear extent of the source, allow us to argue that the spectropolarimetric data encode information about the magneto-ionic environment of active galactic nuclei themselves. Furthermore, the data place direct constraints on the geometry and magneto-ionic structure of this material. We discuss the consequences of restricted frequency bands on the detection and interpretation of polarization structures, and the implications for upcoming spectropolarimetric surveys.
SpIES: THE SPITZER IRAC EQUATORIAL SURVEY
Authors: Timlin John D. , Ross Nicholas P. , Richards Gordon T. , Lacy Mark , Ryan Erin L. , Stone Robert B. , Bauer Franz E. , Brandt W. N. , Fan Xiaohui , Glikman Eilat , Haggard Daryl , Jiang Linhua , LaMassa Stephanie M. , Lin Yen-Ting , Makler Martin , McGehee Peregrine , Myers Adam D. , Schneider Donald P. , Urry C. Megan , Wollack Edward J. , Zakamska Nadia L.
Published: June 2016

We describe the first data release from the Spitzer-IRAC Equatorial Survey (SpIES); a large-area survey of ∼115 deg2 in the Equatorial SDSS Stripe 82 field using Spitzer during its “warm” mission phase. SpIES was designed to probe sufficient volume to perform measurements of quasar clustering and the luminosity function at

3 to test various models for “feedback” from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Additionally, the wide range of available multi-wavelength, multi-epoch ancillary data enables SpIES to identify both high-redshift (

5) quasars as well as obscured quasars missed by optical surveys. SpIES achieves 5σ depths of 6.13 μJy (21.93 AB magnitude) and 5.75 μJy (22.0 AB magnitude) at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, respectively—depths significantly fainter than the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We show that the SpIES survey recovers a much larger fraction of spectroscopically confirmed quasars (∼98%) in Stripe 82 than are recovered by WISE (∼55%). This depth is especially powerful at high-redshift (

), where SpIES recovers 94% of confirmed quasars, whereas WISE only recovers 25%. Here we define the SpIES survey parameters and describe the image processing, source extraction, and catalog production methods used to analyze the SpIES data. In addition to this survey paper, we release 234 images created by the SpIES team and three detection catalogs: a 3.6 μm only detection catalog containing ∼6.1 million sources, a 4.5 μm only detection catalog containing ∼6.5 million sources, and a dual-band detection catalog containing ∼5.4 million sources.
ABCC4, ABCC5 and SLC28A1 Polymorphisms: Host Genome on Responses of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Entecavir Treatment
Authors: Yuan Man , Wang Wenzhen , Chen Han , Lu Jiajie , He Min , Liu Cong , Tang Hong , Wang Lichun
Published: June 2016

Background

Nucleoside drug transporter polymorphisms play a significant role in patient responses to drugs. The aim was to investigate the effect of multi-drug resistance protein 4, multi-drug resistance protein 5 and human concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 gene polymorphisms on the response to entecavir treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Methods

A total of 324 chronic HBV treatment-naive Chinese Han patients treated with entecavir 0.5 mg daily for 1 year were enrolled. Patients were divided into a response group and non-response group according to the decline of HBV DNA levels. A multiplex SNaPshot single-base extension method was designed for genotyping.

Results

The rs3751333GG genotype of multi-drug resistance protein 4 was significantly different between the response group and non-response group at 6 and 12 months ( P=0.005 and P=0.019, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the rs37751333GG genotype was significantly associated with responses at 6 and 12 months (odds ratio 2.630, 95% CI 1.391, 4.974, P=0.003; odds ratio 2.968, 95% CI 1.416, 6.221, P=0.004).

Conclusions

The multi-drug resistance protein 4 variant was significantly associated with HBV DNA level suppression in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir, and therefore, patients with the rs3751333GG genotype might respond better to entecavir in the Chinese Han population.
Lutte des femmes
Authors: De Visscher Héloïse
Published: June 2016

Les femmes font face à des enjeux, des épreuves, des combats, en lien avec leur identité de femme. La revendication pour l’égalité des droits entre homme et femme n’est pas neuve. Le féminisme, cependant, est un mouvement collectif qui a tout au plus un siècle. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Quels sont les combats actuels des femmes pour leur émancipation ? Quels en sont les enjeux ? Comment la question de l’émancipation des femmes, de l’égalité des genres est-elle comprise ?
Figures de la pauvreté sous la III e République
Authors: Brodiez-Dolino Axelle
Published: June 2016

Résumé Les débuts de la III e  République scellent en France un tournant politique et moral dans l’approche de la pauvreté-précarité, avec le passage durable du « devoir de charité » au « droit à l’assistance ». Cet article mêle synthèse bibliographique, bilans de nos propres recherches et dépouillement des bilans d’assistance de la statistique nationale ( Annuaires statistiques de la France ) pour observer les différentes figures de la pauvreté-précarité bénéficiaires et les publics plus délaissés. Il montre que si charité privée et assistance municipale ménagent des aides croissantes aux adultes valides, dans la nouvelle assistance légale, en revanche, la traditionnelle double vulnérabilité sociale et sanitaire reste discriminante.
Sacraliser l’espace. Le travail du paysage dans les missions catholiques ( xvi e - xx e siècles)
Authors: Pirotte Jean
Published: June 2016

Christianiser le paysage en « baptisant » les lieux des sacralités anciennes apparaît comme une constante au cours des siècles de diffusion du christianisme. Au-delà d’une « récupération » des sacralités anciennes, l’entreprise missionnaire a façonné l’espace en le chargeant de significations nouvelles. L’attention se focalise ici sur les cinq derniers siècles de l’expansion chrétienne sous sa forme catholique, soit de la première à la seconde grande vague de colonisation. Quelle marque le christianisme a-t-il laissé sur le paysage ? Quel paysage mental se reflète dans cette organisation de l’espace ? Dans un premier temps, on examine les efforts déployés par les missionnaires pour quadriller l’espace par une plantation de l’Église parmi des populations sédentarisées. Un deuxième point aborde diverses entreprises à promouvoir un ordonnancement chrétien de l’espace jouant également sur l’esthétique paysagère. Enfin, un dernier point pose des questions sur certains fondements anthropologiques ou théologiques concernant la maîtrise de l’espace.
Les missions commerciales de la Chambre de commerce de Lyon au xix e siècle. L’investigation rationnelle d’un potentiel spatial
Authors: Clerc Pascal
Published: June 2016

La crise qui touche la production française et sud-européenne de soie au milieu du xix e siècle contraint les soyeux lyonnais à se tourner vers d’autres lieux d’importation potentiels. La Chambre de commerce de Lyon coordonne alors différentes missions d’exploration et développe une stratégie spatiale progressive et rationnelle qui la conduit à s’intéresser à l’Asie Orientale. Ces missions accompagnent, parfois de très près, l’engagement colonial de la France en Indochine. Elles sont l’occasion de construire de nombreux savoirs relatifs aux régions traversées. Ce rapport aux savoirs éclaire la relation des géographes au terrain. Jusqu’à l’Entre-deux-guerres, c’est par l’intermédiaire des explorateurs qu’ils construisent l’essentiel de leurs connaissances sur l’Asie Orientale.
De l’espace au territoire. Histoire de l’appropriation missionnaire d’une circonscription apostolique au nord de la Gold Coast
Authors: Bouron Jean-Marie
Published: June 2016

Au nord de la Gold Coast, la préfecture apostolique de Navrongo apparaît aux Pères Blancs de l’entre-deux-guerres comme une aire de juridiction trop vaste pour être intégralement christianisée. C’est seulement au cours des années 1960 que les missionnaires parviennent à faire coïncider leur zone d’influence avec la circonscription qui leur a été initialement dévolue. Cet article se propose d’étudier le processus de territorialisation missionnaire qui transforme un espace défini juridiquement par le Saint-Siège en un territoire véritablement organisé par les évangélisateurs et les chrétiens. Au nord de la Gold Coast, l’appropriation progressive de l’espace missionnaire accompagne la mise en place d’une évangélisation différenciée. L’adaptation des stratégies spatiales aux enjeux locaux entraîne la constitution de trois territoires catholiques caractérisés par des méthodes pastorales dissemblables, des populations différentes et une chronologie distincte. Mais, à chaque fois, les Pères Blancs s’efforcent de rendre tangible leur prise de possession territoriale par un marquage religieux dense et multiforme.
La consultation interculturelle d’évaluation de l’état de santé des mineurs isolés étrangers
Authors: Boeno Didier , Dutertre Oujdi Sylvie
Published: June 2016

La consultation avec les mineurs isolés étrangers implique un certain nombre d’aménagements du cadre habituel de notre pratique médicale occidentale. Avec ces jeunes dont la plupart n’a jamais eu accès aux soins, le temps essentiel est celui de l’interrogatoire qui suit schématiquement les trois étapes potentiellement traumatiques de leurs parcours : l’avant du départ, le voyage, le temps d’errance de l’arrivée. Cette démarche diagnostique s’appuie sur l’interprète, interlocuteur central dans l’entretien clinique qui rend possible la communication entre des univers culturels différents. Dans cette situation particulière d’évaluation de l’état de santé d’un adolescent qui ignore tout de son corps, le décentrage culturel nous contraint à suspendre un diagnostic trop prompt qui serait fait sur une sémiologie ambigüe. L’importance accordée à l’échange dans lequel nous devons porter toute notre attention au discours du jeune patient et nous y ajuster par le recours aux métaphores, est essentiel.
Prévision des mouvements d’employés par matrices actuarielles et réseaux de neurones artificiels : une application aux données bancaires en contexte canadien
Authors: Fantcho Joseph Emmanuel , Babei Jean
Published: June 2016

Le but de ce papier est de construire une matrice d’entrées et de sorties actuarielle pour déterminer le chemin de carrière des employés. Nous utilisons aussi la méthode des réseaux de neurones artificiels pour prédire les mouvements d’employés. Toutes les applications sont faites sur les données de la Banque Nationale du Canada.
L’échec entrepreneurial : Essai d’explication par la méthode des experts
Authors: Abriane Ahmed , Aazzab Abdelkrim
Published: June 2016

Plusieurs travaux et études ont focalisé le focus sur l’environnement concurrentiel (Hatch, 2000), sur la structure organisationnelle (Burns et Stalker, 1961) et sur l’environnement managérial (Conan et Hodler, 1979) de l’entreprise pour analyser et expliquer l’échec entrepreneurial. Ainsi, plusieurs méthodes explicatives, exploratoires et de modélisation sont employées afin d’avoir une vue plus large sur la problématique en question. Cependant, devant l’absence d’une théorie unificatrice sur le processus et les causes de l’échec entrepreneurial (Saporta, 1994 ; Crutzen et Van Caillie, 2007), nous estimons que la méthode d’analyse des opinions des experts représente l’outil le plus efficace pour une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser l’échec entrepreneurial selon la vision des experts en se basant sur des facteurs, à caractère qualitatif, relevant de l’environnement managérial de l’entreprise et de l’entrepreneur lui-même. De ce fait, notre démarche d’investigation consiste à analyser l’échec entrepreneurial auprès d’un échantillon d’experts à l’aide de la méthode Delphi. Cela nous permettra de déceler les signaux annonciateurs des risques entrepreneuriaux afin d’améliorer l’efficacité des entreprises et éviter leurs défaillances.
Le Komintern, le Parti communiste français et la cause de l’indépendance algérienne (1926-1930)
Authors: Marangé Céline
Published: June 2016

Cet article explore les difficultés qu’a rencontrées le Parti communiste français (PCF) à développer des activités anticoloniales en France et en Algérie dans la seconde moitié des années 1920. Le PCF est la première force politique à revendiquer l’abolition du régime de l’indigénat, puis l’indépendance de l’Algérie. S’il suit les injonctions de Moscou, il se heurte des deux côtés de la Méditerranée à de fortes résistances à la base qui sont ici méticuleusement retracées à partir des archives du Komintern. Les circulations et les transactions qui s’effectuent alors entre Moscou, Paris et Alger au sein des milieux communistes sont cruciales pour comprendre à la fois l’émergence du mouvement national algérien et la naissance de l’anticolonialisme militant en France.
La question raciale sur le littoral de Los Angeles (années 1920-années 1970)
Authors: Devienne Elsa
Published: June 2016

Si les plages de Los Angeles sont officiellement déségrégées en 1927, une ségrégation informelle persiste tout au long du siècle, par la violence ou par le biais de stratégies territoriales subtiles. En retour, les Noirs mais aussi les Latinos revendiquent leur « droit à la plage » en usant de tactiques diverses, de la fondation d’un club privé à la confrontation violente avec leurs agresseurs. Dans l’après-guerre, les minorités raciales, désormais plus nombreuses sur le sable, font l’objet d’une surveillance intense de la part des autorités, alors même que les municipalités tentent d’effacer les dernières traces, désormais jugées honteuses, de la ségrégation sur le littoral. Observer les relations raciales depuis les plages d’une grande ville, un espace public méconnu des historiens, fait ressortir la multiplicité des stratégies spatiales déployées pour circonscrire et exclure ou, au contraire, pour subvertir les barrières raciales.