bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIES OF SCALE AND SCOPE OF AIRPORTS – A CRITICAL SURVEY
Authors: Lechmann Malte , Niemeier Hans-Martin
Published: April 2020

The question whether airports are natural monopolies has increasingly become an issue in studies on regulation, deregulation and privatization of airports. In particular it was questioned whether airports have market power at all and if this is due to economies of scale and scope. This paper provides an overview of studies on economies of scale and scope. It critically evaluates the method of data gathering during the studies and the resulting information uncovers some drawbacks of the studies and the data gathering process. It reaches the conclusion that the most studies on economies of scale are problematic in regard to the definition of “output”, the treatment of capital and the exclusion of land side activities. Economies of scope have only been researched in the most recent studies. The study illustrates that the non-aviation business should be considered in more detail.
FLYING BEYOND BORDERS: INTERMODAL CONSIDERATIONS TO IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY OF AEGEAN SEA ISLANDS, GREECE USING DISCRETE CHOICE ANALYSIS
Authors: Poulaki Ioulia , Papatheodorou Andreas , Kitrinou Eleni , Panagiotopoulos Alexandros
Published: April 2020

Accessibility is of major importance for tourism and trade development in Eastern Aegean Sea islands, Greece. In particular, the island of Chios is heavily dependent on Athens International Airport for both its inbound and outbound tourism. On the other hand, the International Airport of Izmir in Turkey, located much closer to the island, serves several European destinations. Crossing the borders in an intermodal transport context may lead to a substantial air travel alternative for Chios, thus improving its accessibility and potential for tourism development. A discrete choice analysis, based on primary data research regarding travel scenarios from Chios to ten main European airports-destinations, shows the potential for new traffic flows in addition to the existing ones. Airport utility maximization differences observed among various social groups is also noteworthy.
POTENTIALS OF SMALL AIRLINES IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES UNDER THE NEW ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES
Authors: Malagas Konstantinos , Nikitakos Nikitas , Kucuk Yilmaz Ayse , Argyrokastritis Alexandros , Yazgan Ebru
Published: April 2020

South-Eastern Europe holds a key geopolitical position and has a promising economy and aviation market. Small airlines operating in the region can succeed by taking advantage of the region’s characteristics and selecting appropriate strategies. This study’s objective is to examine the potentials of the region’s small airlines, focusing on their key strategic choices regarding destinations to serve, aircraft types to use, airports to operate from, and whether to operate independently or partner with larger carriers. In-depth interviews were conducted with key aviation experts from across the region, and secondary data were used to provide further insight. The study’s main findings show that small airlines may benefit from initially partnering with larger carriers, feeding their networks from secondary airports via regional jets and turboprops. This study adds to the relevant literature and may help managers from the region’s smaller and bigger airlines and airports identify new opportunities and develop sustainable strategies.
THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT ON THE TOURISM IN THE GREEK ISLANDS OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN SEA
Authors: Ballis Athanasios , Tsouka Despoina , Moschovou Tatiana , Kasselouris George
Published: April 2020

The current work focuses on the islands of the South Aegean and attempts to highlight the importance of airport infrastructure for their tourism development. The impact of other island characteristics (area, shore length, population, number of beds in various classes of accommodation, cost of accommodation, island’s attractiveness, distance from Piraeus port, etc.) was also investigated using regression analysis. The results revealed that airports having runways above 1,800m serve direct international flights and have a very significant contribution to the tourism development of the associated islands. On the contrary, islands having airports with short runways are served through Athens International Airport yet, the number of tourist arrivals by air is low, having a minor impact on their tourism product. The characteristics of these islands indicate that they have strong potential for further tourism growth given that their airport infrastructure will be improved overcoming technical and environmental barriers.
MAKNA PANGGILAN DAN PILIHAN DALAM SURAT 2 PETRUS 1:10-11
Authors: Pranoto David Susilo
Published: April 2020

2 Peter 1: 10-11 gives an explanation to Christians in Asia to try to be even more determined about their vocation and choices. Because when they do it, it will never fall or stumble. Seriousness becomes the most important thing to fulfill the call. A call is not an invitation whose source is from one's own person, but God calls him so that no one can reject a call coming from God. The choice that God has set for someone is the most beautiful gift. Therefore, by learning the meaning of vocations and choices will be able to foster God's deep gratitude and love in believers.
WILL THE HOUSING WEALTH EFFECT COMPENSATE THE MACRO-ECONOMY? EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN’S DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
Authors: Cheng Hong-Jhong , Wang Nan-Yu , Peng Chien-Wen , Huang Chih-Jen
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the relationship between the escalation in housing prices and categories of Taiwan’s domestic consumption. While disposable income remains constant, a rapid escalation in housing prices should have a negative impact on unaffordability within society. However, under the hypothesis of the housing wealth effect, an increase in housing values should compensate the macro-economy by increasing consumption in the GDP calculation. Taiwanese data from 2007Q1 to 2018Q1 were adopted as the sample. From the vector error correction model results, it was found that over the course of the long-run equilibrium relationship, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more on durable goods of communication-related nature, as well as on non-durable goods such as personal clothing and accessories and leisure/cultural tourism. As for the short-run dynamic adjustment, there was a statistically significant positive relationship that the society consumes more in the durable goods component categories. It was identified that transportationrelated consumption accounted for the major part of the durable goods component. Therefore, with the rapid escalation in housing prices, it was observed that these consumption would compensate the consumption figures in the GDP calculation in Taiwan, thereby providing evidence that housing prices were related to macroeconomic performance.
PREDICTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A DESULPHURIZATION SYSTEM USING CMAC NEURAL NETWORK AND GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Kong Zhiwei , Zhang Yong , Wang Xudong , Xu Yueyang , Jin Baosheng
Published: April 2020

In this paper, taking desulphurizing ratio and economic cost as two objectives, a ten-input two-output prediction model was structured and validated for desulphurization system. Cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network and genetic algorithm (GA) were used for model building and optimization of cost respectively. In the model building process, the grey relation entropy analysis and uniform design method were used to screen the input variables and study the model parameters separately. Traditional regression analysis and proposed location number analysis method were adopted to analyze output errors of experiment group and predict the results of test group. Results show that regression analyses keep high fit degree with experiment group results while the fitting accuracies for test group are quite different. As for location number analysis, a power function between output errors and location numbers was fitted well with the data of experiment group and test group for SO2. Prediction model was initialized by location number analysis method. Model was validated and cost optimization case was performed with GA subsequently. The result shows that the optimal cost obtained from GA could be reduced by more than 30% compared with original optimal operating parameters under same constraints.
Officer's Competencies
Authors: Štěpánek Přemysl , Saibert Richard
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the process of identification of competencies for commanders in leading units in military operations. The used methodology based on combined approach founded on selected competency rosters and its further modification seemed to be relevant and applicable in the Czech Armed Forces conditions. Military officer's profiles anchored in the EU Commission Database for Armed Forces and in the EU Sectoral Qualifications Framework for Military Officer Profession have been proven as the most relevant frameworks of competencies. Both are formulated and structured to be as generic as possible for all officers regardless of their specialization. They were established on current theories and incorporate extensive amount of entries from various national sources. The resulting list of 24 generic competencies, selected from a total of 69 competencies analyzed, represents a possible example of a set of requirements imposed on the Czech Armed Forces officers.
Dissipative control for uncertain singular markovian jump systems via hybrid impulsive control
Authors: Lv Hui , Wang Xing'an
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the problem of dissipative control for a class of uncertain singular Markovian jump systems. Different from the traditional control strategy, a derivative gain and impulsive control part are added in the proposed controller. A linearization approach via congruence transformations is proposed to solve the feedback design problem. In addition, the derived results contain \begin{document}$ H_{\infty} $\end{document} and passive control as special cases. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methods.
Culturicon Design Model for Social Mobile Application
Authors: Mohd Zukhi Mohd Zhafri , Hussain Azham , Husni Husniza
Published: April 2020

The usage of emoticon in computer-mediated communication has been growing rapidly among users, especially in social media. Emoticon has been used to express feelings, emotions, gestures, actions and places. Despite the growing number of emoticon users around the world, study on the cultural elements of the emoticon is still lacking. This research aims to propose a model for the development of Culturicon, which is Cultural-Based Emoticon. In doing so, a verification process must be done to the proposed model to ensure that the model is well verified. Expert review method was used for the verification method. Experts from the field of Human-Computer Interaction, User Experience and cultural study especially the academicians were chosen. In addition, application developer and graphic designer also were chosen as expert from the industry. The experts were approached by email and performed the verification by answering online questionnaire provided. The result obtained from these experts were analyzed and amendment were made based from the comments and suggestions. Results showed that 91% experts agreed the connections and flows of all components in the proposed model are logical and readable. Expert verification is important to ensure that the model is being develop correctly. By having this model, it can aid designer and developer in designing meaningful and effective Culturicon.
Parasitism and phenology ofDasineura mali(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Canadian apple (Rosaceae) orchards
Authors: Cossentine J.E. , Brauner A.M. , Franklin J.L. , Robertson M.C. , Buhl P.N. , Blatt S. , Gariepy T.D. , Fraser H. , Appleby M. , Grigg-McGuffin K. , Mason P.G.
Published: April 2020

The apple leaf midge,Dasineura mali(Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an invasive alien pest established for many years in Nova Scotia, Canada, has invaded Ontario and British Columbia, Canada apple (Malus domesticaBorkhausen; Rosaceae) orchards, damaging growing tips of trees. Molecular analysis indicated that Nova Scotia populations are genetically different from Ontario and British Columbia populations. Pheromone trap captures, oviposition on growing apple terminals, and the incidence of third instars indicate threeD. maligenerations in each province.Platygaster demadesWalker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), released in Nova Scotia in 1993, parasitised 34% of the third midge generation in that province and was reared fromD. malifor the first time in 2016 in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia.Lyrcus nigroaeneusAshmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitised up to 21% ofD. maliin southwestern Ontario.Synopeas myles(Walker) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was recorded fromD. malifor the first time, one specimen in each of Nova Scotia and Ontario, and was the most important parasitoid in British Columbia.Synopeas mylesparasitism in Okanagan and Similkameen, British Columbia orchards increased from 0% to a mean of 30% ofD. malilarvae from 2014 to 2016. Other minor parasitoids includedPlatygaster tuberosulaKieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) in all three provinces andAphanogmus vicinusFörster (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in British Columbia.
How Wayne Blair’s "The Sapphires" tells a story of collective and individual belonging
Authors: Akillas Lexy
Published: April 2020

Wayne Blair’s 2012, dramatic comedy The Sapphires is an Australian film that discusses a number of important issues for Indigenous people, including the concept of belonging. Blair explores how belonging can exist both within community groups and internally through self-identity. The bones of the film are based on the true story of Laurel Robinson and Lois Peeler, two Indigenous women who toured Vietnam as the original ‘Sapphires’ with a New Zealand Maori band (Herche 2013). Laurel Robinson’s son, Tony Briggs wrote the screenplay and the 2004 musical (of the same name) thus being able to add a sense of authenticity. The film opens up a side of Australian history that has previously been underrepresented but has a universal appeal through its representation of belonging.
Speculating reality: a review of Claire Coleman’s "Terra Nullius"
Authors: Lejeune Samantha
Published: April 2020

Fiction has the power to show the reality of people’s experiences and spark emotion in those who read it. Speculative fiction especially has been used to observe our political and cultural climate and project an image of what is possible, even probable, through speculating about worlds that are unlike our own reality. My shelf is filled with speculative dystopian novels; George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, exploring surveillance and censorship in an authoritarian State, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, studying conservative approaches that tyrannize women. Terra Nullius, written by Wirlomin Noongar woman, Claire Coleman, sits beside these classics in its own right, detailing the dystopia generated by colonialism in Australia.
Leadership Dimensions Influencing Sustainability Leadership in Sri Lanka: Mediating Effect of Managers’ Ethical Behaviour and Organizational Change
Authors: Sumanasiri Ayoma
Published: April 2020

This study examines the mediation effect of managers’ ethical behaviour and organizational change on the leadership dimensions that influence sustainability leadership among Sri Lankan managers. Manager’s attitudes to organizational change and their ethical behaviour are identified as essential dimensions to achieve sustainable leadership in the business world. While much of the literature underlines the direct relationship between organizational leadership and either organizational change or manager’s ethical behaviour, only a few studies focus on the mediating effect of the manager’s ethical behaviour and organizational change leadership on perceptions of creating a sustainable organization. Sri Lanka is identified as a developing country with strong socio-cultural values that promote sustainability. Understanding what constitutes sustainability leadership in a developing country such as Sri Lanka is worth examining. The responses of 596 managers were analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings confirm that stakeholder relations are the most influential dimension for creating sustainability leadership. Mediation analysis tests confirmed that the two mediators of managers’ ethical behaviour and change leadership fully mediate the relationships between employee engagement and leaders’ concern for social and environmental sustainability, which concern was identified as the weakest of the three leadership dimensions suggesting that long-term orientation has not much potential for creating sustainability leadership among Sri Lankan managers.
Potencial antioxidante in vitro das folhas de ipomoea cairica l. sweet
Authors: Weiler Caroline Borges , Fröhlich Janaina Kieling , Boligon Aline Augusti , Janovik Vanessa , Athayde Margareth Linde
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho descreve a avaliação da atividade antioxidante e o doseamento de polifenóis totais das frações acetato de etila (AcOEt) e diclorometano (CH2Cl2) das folhas de Ipomoea cairica L. Sweet, uma planta pertencente à família Convolvulaceae. Essa espécie é conhecida popularmente como corda-de-viola e é utilizada na medicina popular brasileira, como anti-inflamatório e antirreumático. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método do DPPH e cada fração teve o IC50 calculado. O IC50 apresentou valores de 43,06 μg/mL para a fração CH2Cl2 e de 45,43μg/mL para a fração AcOEt. O conteúdo de polifenóis foi determinado através da utilização dos padrões de ácido pirogálico e ácido gálico. Nesse trabalho não foi possívelestabelecer uma relação positiva entre a quantidade de compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante desempenhada pelas frações acetato de etila e diclorometano, uma vez que ambas apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes frente ao DPPH, mas distintos na quantificação de compostos fenólicos.Palavras-chave: Ipomoea cairica, corda-de-viola, DPPH,atividade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos, folhas.
Tablet splitting: implications in clonazepam dose adjustment?
Authors: Eserian Jaqueline Kalleian , Lombardo Márcia
Published: April 2020

A divisão de comprimidos permite o ajuste de dose e retirada gradual de medicamentos, principalmente para pacientes psiquiátricos e geriátricos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a exatidão e precisão de doses das porções provenientes da divisão de comprimidos de clonazepam utilizando-se faca e cortador de comprimidos. Comprimidos inteiros e porções foram pesados individualmente para determinação da variação de peso e perda de peso. Apesar de uma divisão exata (próxima a 100%), a análise da precisão indicou alta variabilidade entre o peso das porções (DPR>6%), variando em torno de ± 25% para o cortador de comprimidos e ± 18% para a faca. Não houve diferença significativa entre as técnicas utilizadas quanto à exatidão e perda de peso. Esses dados preliminares indicam que dividir comprimidos de clonazepam tanto com o cortador de comprimidos quanto com a faca pode resultar em uma divisão aparentemente exata, apesar da falta de precisão entre as porções obtidas. Estudos são necessários para investigar se tais variações nas doses diárias de clonazepam resultariam em um desfecho clínico comprometendo esquemas de ajuste de doses.
Prevalência de estruturas parasitárias de protozoários e de helmintos em hortaliças comercializadas em barracas de rua no município de Crato–CE, Brasil
Authors: Silva Luis Gutemberg Bezerra da , Silva Lúcia Maria Bezerra da , Arrais Francisco Matheus Andrade , Melanda Gislaine Cristina Souza , Ferreira Renato Juciano
Published: April 2020

As hortaliças constituem itens alimentares de grande importância na dieta de populações humanas, sendo frequentemente consumidas in natura. Esse consumo tem sido recomendado como parte de uma alimentação saudável em razão de seu considerável percentual de vitaminas, sais minerais e fibras alimentares. Uma vez que são consumidas cruas estes vegetais podem estar contaminados por cistos e oocistos de protozoários e/ou ovos e larvas de helmintos que são nocivos à saúde humana. Visto atualidade e relevância dessa problemática o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de protozoários e helmintos nas hortaliças comercializadas em bancas de rua do município de Crato–CE. Coletou-se 16 amostras em sete bancas de forma aleatória, incluindo coentro (sete), cebolinha (sete) e alface da variedade crespa (duas), as quais foram encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Microscopia da Universidade Regional do Cariri e analisada pela técnica de sedimentação espontânea com adaptações para vegetais. Após a analise das hortaliças coletadas verificou-se que 18,8% das amostras estavam contaminadas por cistos de protozoários e/ou ovos e larvas de helmintos. Foram identificados cistos de Entamoeba coli e de Entamoeba histolytica, ovos de ancilostomídeos e de Ascaris lumbricoides, além de larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis e de ancilostomídeos. A contaminação dessas hortaliças com estruturas parasitárias confirmam resultados de outros estudos similares que indicam as mesmas como uma importante via de disseminação de parasitoses intestinais, portanto, representam riscos à saúde dos consumidores. Sendo necessários procedimentos de descontaminação antes do consumo para que minimize ou mesmo elimine as estruturas parasitárias presentes nesses vegetais. Descritores: Hortaliças. Saúde. Contaminação. Parasitoses Intestinais.
Acidentes de trânsito com motocicleta atendidos pelo SAMU em uma cidade do Norte de Minas
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves , Borges Zaira Beatriz , Borges Ana Patrícia De Jesus , Ferraz Denner Helden Marques , Alves Janine Cinara Silveira
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se descrever características das vítimas e dos acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas, atendidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência no município de Porteirinha, Minas Gerais, no segundo semestre de 2015. Trata-se de um estudo documental retrospectivo, descritivo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados uma planilha para consolidação dos dados colhidos nas Fichas de Atendimentos Pré-Hospitalar. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a abril de 2016. Os resultados revelaram prevalência de vítimas do sexo masculino na faixa etária 20 e 29 anos. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu nos meses de setembro e outubro, no período noturno, na zona rural. O motivo do atendimento foi por queda que tiveram como principal lesão escoriações nos membros superiores. Conclui-se que há necessidade de implementação de medidas educativas e preventivas que vise à educação e sensibilização da população, especialmente dos condutores quanto aos perigos na condução de motocicletas.
 Editorial - Revista Saúde
Authors: Horner Rosmari
Published: April 2020

Editorial v.36, n2, 2010
Sintomas osteomusculares em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público
Authors: Souza Lara Andrade , Ikegami Érica Midori , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A enfermagem é uma profissão exaustiva, acarretando desgaste físico e mental, que podem adoecer o trabalhador e, no Brasil, perfaz um número expressivo de profissionais. Objetivo: identificar sintomas osteomusculares, sua frequência e interferências em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público de alta complexidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional com 37 técnicos de enfermagem que responderam um questionário semi-estruturado e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Na análise dos dados utilizaram-se estatística descritiva e índices de correlação. Resultados: Os profissionais de enfermagem investigados eram adultos jovens, trabalhando em período matutino (56,7%), mulheres (59,5%), em união estável (51,3%), brancos (54%), católicos (35,1%) e com escolaridade a nível técnico (56,7%). De acordo com os resultados do QNSO em relação aos últimos 12 meses, 97,3%apresentaram alguma dor, desconforto ou dormência como queixa e 67,5% nos últimos sete dias sendo as regiões mais citadas a parte inferior e superior das costas. Não houve correlação da idade com a intensidade dos sintomas avaliados. Conclusão: Medidas de promoção e prevenção devem ser tomadas para tentar reduzir os sintomas na saúde desses trabalhadores, proporcionando bem estar e consequente melhoria do atendimento prestado ao paciente.
Caracterização físico-química e nutricional de farinhas obtidas de inhame (Dioscorea spp.) e taro (Colocasia esculenta) comercializados em Petrolina-PE
Authors: Sá Andresa Renata Alves , Lima Macilene Barbosa de , Silva Emerson Iago Garcia e , Mendes Marianne Louise Marinho , Messias Cristhiane Maria Bazílio de Omena
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Caracterizar, sob análises físico-químicas e cálculos nutricionais, farinhas obtidas de inhame e taro comercializadas na cidade de Petrolina, localizada no interior de Pernambuco. Metodologia: Amostras de inhame (Dioscorea spp.) e taro (Colocasia esculenta) foram obtidas em estabelecimentos comerciais da cidade de Petrolina-PE. Posterior as etapas de sanitização, as amostras foram submetidas um processamento de trituração até obtenção de massa viscosa, sendo então, submetidas a secagem em estufa a 60°C até a completa desidratação. Posteriormente foram peneiradas e mantidas em sacos de polietileno até as análises físico-químicas. Cada farinha foi avaliada isoladamente quanto a composição centesimal e nutricional, incluindo valor calórico. Resultados: Padrões desejáveis nos componentes físico-químicos das farinhas dos dois “tubérculos” foram observados. A farinha de inhame apresentou superioridade entre os teores de proteína (p< 0.0001), fibra (p<0.0002) e amido (p<0.0003) em relação a farinha de taro. Enquanto, os teores de pH (p< 0.0001), lipídeos (p<0.0078), carboidratos (p< 0.0001), atividade de água (p<0.0001) e valor calórico (p<0.0053) foram maiores na farinha de taro. Conclusão: Ambas farinhas apresentaram perspectivas nutricionais relevantes, diferenciando em relação a determinados constituintes físico-químicos.
Capacidade funcional e suporte familiar em idosos longevos residentes em domicílio
Authors: Bôas Sara Souza Vilas , Araújo Claudinéia Matos de , Prates Rahab Vieira , Novais Marta Moreira , Pinto Daniela De Souza , Reis Luciana Araújo dos
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade funcional e o suporte familiar de idosos longevos residentes em domicílio. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva, com delineamento transversal e observacional realizada no município de Jequié com 117 idosos longevos cadastrados em cinco unidades de saúde da família. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi constituído de caracterização sociodemográfica, condições de saúde, Índice de Barthel, Escala de Lawton e Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar, sendo realizada análise descritiva das variáveis de estudo. Resultado: Constatou-se uma maior frequência de idosos do sexo feminino (59,0%), faixa etária de 80 a 84 anos (57,3%) não alfabetizados (51,3%), independentes nas atividades básicas de vida diária (59,0%), dependentes nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (80,3%), com pontuação alta (62,4%) no domínio Afetividade-Consistência, pontuação alta (53,0%) no domínio Adaptação Familiar e pontuação alta (60,7%) no domínio Autonomia. Constatou-se em relação a capacidade funcional que houve uma predominância de independência para realização das ABVD, enquanto para realização das AIVD foi observada uma dependência. Conclusão: Quanto ao suporte familiar ficou evidenciado que os idosos do estudo possuem comprometimento nos domínios Afetividade-Consistência e Autonomia. Na avaliação das ABVD, verificou- se que a maioria dos idosos foram classificados como independentes e como dependentes nas AIVD.
O conceito de autonomia sob a perspectiva de sujeitos acometidos por Acidente Vascular Cerebral
Authors: Serafin Mírian Bolson , Ferreira Taísa Gomes , Ponte Aline Sarturi , Delboni Miriam Cabrera Corvelo
Published: April 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o conceito de autonomia sobre a perspectiva de sujeitos acometido por Acidente Vascular Cerebral – AVC, familiares/cuidadores e dos terapeutas ocupacionais. Trata-se um estudo qualitativo. Participaram deste estudo pessoas acometidas por AVC que mantinham acompanhamento em um Ambulatório de Terapia Ocupacional de uma Universidade Federal da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, seus cuidadores e terapeutas ocupacionais. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de março a julho de 2014, e para esta utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo. A partir desta sugiram quatro categorias relevantes para a compreensão da temática: Autonomia nas escolhas; Interferência no cotidiano; Busca por objetivos a médio e longo prazo; Autonomia nas atividades. O estudo traz contribuições para a compreensão da concepção sobre a autonomia nas diferentes percepções. Através dos resultados se fez notar a necessidade de maior número de estudos com aprofundamento sobre os aspectos centrais do tema, devido à importância sobre a influência da autonomia nos papéis sociais e na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos acometidos por AVC.
Bem-estar espiritual em enfermeiros de um hospital de médio porte
Authors: Rodrigues Francini De Oliveira , Kirchoff Raquel Soares , Siqueira Daiana Foggiato de , Greco Patricia Bittencourt Toscani , Dornelles Carla Da Silveira
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o bem-estar espiritual geral dos enfermeiros de um hospital de médio porte no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo quantitativa, transversal e descritiva, com 26 enfermeiros de um hospital do interior do sul do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se dois instrumentos: um formulário sociodemográfico, profissional e religioso e a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os enfermeiros apresentaram escores positivos para a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual e acreditam que a religiosidade e a espiritualidade podem contribuir para o cuidado ao paciente. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo apontam que os enfermeiros apresentam escores positivos para o bem-estar espiritual e reconhecem existir diferenças entre o conceito de religiosidade e espiritualidade, bem como acreditam que essas questões são importantes para o cuidado ao paciente e para si.
Comparação de métodos de triagem para detecção de bacteriúria em amostras do bairro Maringá e do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria
Authors: Horner Rosmari , Kocourek Graziela E. Dobbert , Domingues Vanessa Oliveira , Rigatti Fabiane , Bertoncheli Claudia De Mello , Paraguinski Gustavo Luiz
Published: April 2020

As infecções do trato urinário estão entre as doenças infecciosas mais comuns na prática clínica, sendo que no meio hospitalar são as mais freqüentes. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo comparar as seguintes metodologias de triagem utilizadas nas uroculturas: o cloreto de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazólio (CTT), a coloração de Gram e testes físico-químicos. De fevereiro a julho de 2007 foram analisadas 69 amostras de urina provenientes do Bairro Maringá, Santa Maria-RS, com solicitação médica do exame de urocultura. Para fins de comparação com amostras hospitalares, de maio a julho de 2007 foram efetuadas 104 culturas de urina encaminhadas ao setor de Microbiologia do HUSM. Das 69 amostras comunitárias 10 (14,5%) tiveram resultado cultural positivo, e das 104 amostras hospitalares, 17 (16,36%). O CTT foi positivo em 5 (50%) das 10 amostras positivas comunitárias, e 8 (47,1%) das  17 hospitalares. Concluímos que o método de triagem pela coloração de Gram é mais eficaz comparado com as provas de nitrito e leucócitos, por apresentar melhor concordância com a urocultura e menor índice de interferentes.
¿Por qué hay pocas mujeres científicas? Una revisión de literatura sobre la brecha de género en carreras STEM
Authors: Morales Inga Sergio , Morales Tristán Oswaldo
Published: April 2020

Reach of the review: This essay conducts a review of the gender gap in STEM careers (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and analyzes its main studies.
Period of the publications reviewed: The studies considered cover from 2005 to 2019.
Origin and types of documents reviewed: Most of the literature consists of articles published in international indexed journals of sociology, psychology, gender and education.
Author’s contribution on the publications analyzed: The authors propose a typification that organizes studies on the gender gap in STEM careers according to the three types of expla- nation they provide: a) psychological explanation: which emphasizes the individual’s instance and explains the gap in terms of self-concept, self-confidence and self-efficacy, beliefs and perceptions, and differences in interests and preferences: b) sociocultural explanation: which emphasizes the importance of culture and explains the gap due to parental influence and socialization, discrimination and biases, stereotypes and gender roles: and, c) biological explanation: which emphasizes the features of anatomical sex and explains the gap due to its impact on gender differences.
Conclusions on the lines of research studied: This essay concludes that the proposed typifi- cation of the studies in question allows us to understand their theoretical frameworks, central analysis instances, core concepts and main findings.
Trayectoria y estrategias de emprendimiento en mujeres
Authors: Arteaga Cervantes Ana Laura , Ojeda Hidalgo José Felipe , Álvarez Orozco Dolores Guadalupe
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The objective of the research will be to analyze the strategies employed by women business leaders to keep their organization in force in the market, given the theory of Porter’s five forces, the theory of resources and capabilities of Wernerfelt and the theory of structural capitals.

Design / Methodology / Approach: For this, the method used was the qualitative one, based on the interpretative paradigm of the grounded theory. 40 women business leaders were interviewed with a trajectory ranging from 3 to 56 years: to locate them the snowball technique was used and the interviews were conducted in their workplaces.

Results: The research confirmed that women have a trajectory ranging from 3 to 56 years. In the same way it was identified that they employ empirical strategies in an unconscious way and in the great majority they are not formulated from a planning or designed with a specific objective, they arise from attention to a need of their companies, they are generated and guided in the majority of cases by intuition.

Research limitations/implications: These results make the need to study the reality in Latin countries evident, outside of Anglo-Saxon optics, due to the multiplicity of strategies that are used in other realities and that are not precisely reflected in the most widespread literature.

Originality/value: The results contradict the theory that proposes the implementation of administrative strategies as a means of subsistence of business. In the cases studied, it was identified that it is not decisive and that there are successful exceptions which handle merely intuitive efforts and have managed to survive and develop.
A real-time PCR assay to accurately quantify polar bear DNA in fecal extracts
Authors: Hayward Kristen M. , Harwood Michelle P. , Lougheed Stephen C. , Sun Zhengxin , Van Coeverden de Groot Peter , Jensen Evelyn L.
Published: April 2020

DNA extracted from fecal samples contains DNA from the focal species, food, bacteria and pathogens. Most DNA quantification methods measure total DNA and cannot differentiate among sources. Despite the desirability of noninvasive fecal sampling for studying wildlife populations, low amounts of focal species DNA make it difficult to use for next-generation sequencing (NGS), where accurate DNA quantification is critical for normalization. Two factors are required prior to using fecal samples in NGS libraries: (1) an accurate quantification method for the amount of target DNA and (2) a determination of the relative amount of target DNA needed for successful single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays. Here, we address these needs by developing primers to amplify a 101 bp region of the nuclear F2 gene and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that allows the accurate quantification of the amount of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) DNA in fecal extracts. We test the assay on pure polar bear DNA extracted from muscle tissue and find a high correlation between fluorometric and qPCR quantifications. The qPCR assay was also successfully used to quantify the amount of DNA derived from polar bears in fecal extractions. Orthologs of the F2 gene have been identified across vertebrates; thus, similar qPCR assays could be developed for other species to enable noninvasive studies.
Cell type‐specific transcriptomics of esophageal adenocarcinoma as a scalable alternative for single cell transcriptomics
Authors: Krämer Max , Plum Patrick S. , Velazquez Camacho Oscar , Folz‐Donahue Kat , Thelen Martin , Garcia‐Marquez Isabel , Wölwer Christina , Büsker Sören , Wittig Jana , Franitza Marek , Altmüller Janine , Löser Heike , Schlößer Hans , Büttner Reinhard , Schröder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. , Alakus Hakan , Quaas Alexander , Chon Seung‐Hun , Hillmer Axel M.
Published: April 2020

Single‐cell transcriptomics have revolutionized our understanding of the cell composition of tumors and allowed us to identify new subtypes of cells. Despite rapid technological advancements, single‐cell analysis remains resource‐intense hampering the scalability that is required to profile a sufficient number of samples for clinical associations. Therefore, more scalable approaches are needed to understand the contribution of individual cell types to the development and treatment response of solid tumors such as esophageal adenocarcinoma where comprehensive genomic studies have only led to a small number of targeted therapies. Due to the limited treatment options and late diagnosis, esophageal adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis. Understanding the interaction between and dysfunction of individual cell populations provides an opportunity for the development of new interventions. In an attempt to address the technological and clinical needs, we developed a protocol for the separation of esophageal carcinoma tissue into leukocytes (CD45+), epithelial cells (EpCAM+), and fibroblasts (two out of PDGFRα, CD90, anti‐fibroblast) by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and subsequent RNA sequencing. We confirm successful separation of the three cell populations by mapping their transcriptomic profiles to reference cell lineage expression data. Gene‐level analysis further supports the isolation of individual cell populations with high expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20 for leukocytes, CDH1 and MUC1 for epithelial cells, and FAP, SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1 for fibroblasts. As a proof of concept, we profiled tumor samples of nine patients and explored expression differences in the three cell populations between tumor and normal tissue. Interestingly, we found that angiogenesis‐related genes were upregulated in fibroblasts isolated from tumors compared with normal tissue. Overall, we suggest our protocol as a complementary and more scalable approach compared with single‐cell RNA sequencing to investigate associations between clinical parameters and transcriptomic alterations of specific cell populations in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Functionalization of Alginate with Extracellular Matrix Peptides Enhances Viability and Function of Encapsulated Porcine Islets
Authors: Medina Juan D. , Alexander Michael , Hunckler Michael D. , Fernández‐Yagüe Marc A. , Coronel María M. , Smink Alexandra M. , Lakey Jonathan R. , de Vos Paul , García Andrés J.
Published: April 2020

Translation of transplanted alginate‐encapsulated pancreatic islets to treat type 1 diabetes has been hindered by inconsistent long‐term efficacy. This loss of graft function can be partially attributed to islet dysfunction associated with the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during the islet isolation process as well as immunosuppression‐associated side effects. This study aims at recapitulating islet‐ECM interactions by the direct functionalization of alginate with the ECM‐derived peptides RGD, LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. Peptide functionalization is controlled in a concentration‐dependent manner and its presentation is found to be homogeneous across the microcapsule environment. Preweaned porcine islets are encapsulated in peptide‐functionalized alginate microcapsules, and those encapsulated in RGD‐functionalized alginate displays enhanced viability and glucose‐stimulated insulin release. Effects are RGD‐specific and not observed with its scrambled control RDG nor with LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. This study supports the sustained presentation of ECM‐derived peptides in helping to maintain health of encapsulated pancreatic islets and may aid in prolonging longevity of encapsulated islet grafts.
A multiple feature fusion framework for video emotion recognition in the wild
Authors: Samadiani Najmeh , Huang Guangyan , Luo Wei , Chi Chi‐Hung , Shu Yanfeng , Wang Rui , Kocaturk Tuba
Published: April 2020

Human emotions can be recognized from facial expressions captured in videos. It is a growing research area in which many have attempted to improve video emotion detection in both lab‐controlled and unconstrained environments. While existing methods show a decent recognition accuracy on lab‐controlled datasets, they deliver much lower accuracy in a real‐world uncontrolled environment, where a variety of challenges need to be addressed such as variations in illumination, head pose, and individual appearance. Moreover, automatically identifying the key frames consisting of the expression from real‐world videos is another challenge. In this article, to overcome these challenges, we provide a video emotion recognition via multiple feature fusion method. First, a uniform local binary pattern (LBP) and the scale‐invariant feature transform features are extracted from each frame in the video sequences. By applying a random forest classifier, all of the static frames are then labelled by the related emotion class. In this way, the key frames can be automatically identified, including neutral and other expressions. Furthermore, from the key frames, a new geometric feature vector and the LBP from three orthogonal planes are extracted. To further improve robustness, audio features are extracted from the video sequences as an additional dimension to augmenting visual facial expression analysis. The audio and visual features are fused through a kernel multimodal sparse representation. Finally, the corresponding emotion labels to the video sequences can be assigned when a multimodal quality measure specifies the quality of each modality and its role in the decision. The results on both acted facial expressions in the Wild and MMI datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several counterpart video emotion recognition methods.
Effect of Precursor Aging on Built‐In Potential in Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Linfeng , Wang Yiwen , Li Ning , Syed Ali Asgher , Zhu Furong
Published: April 2020

Formamidinium‐based perovskite with optimal bandgap and improved thermal stability is a promising active material for application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The hybrid precursor solutions, formed by adding various smaller cations, are often used for improving the phase stability in PSCs. Herein, research to understand the aging effect of a methylammonium‐ and bromine‐free formamidinium precursor solution on the performance of FA0.85Cs0.1Rb0.05PbI3‐based PSCs is reported. The results reveal that deterioration in the built‐in potential in the PSCs is closely associated with the formation of the secondary phase in the FA0.85Cs0.1Rb0.05PbI3 active layer. The formation of the secondary phase in the active layer is related to the hydrolysis of the precursor solution. The suppression of the moisture encroachment greatly enhances the durability of the precursor solution and performance reproducibility of PSCs.
The future of microbiome analysis: Biosensor methods for big data collection and clinical diagnostics
Authors: Sosnowski Katelyn , Akarapipad Patarajarin , Yoon Jeong‐Yeol
Published: April 2020

The invisible realm of the human microbiota contains patterns that, when properly detected and interpreted, could indicate much about the health or disease of its host, the human body. Biosensing techniques for the detection of the human microbiota have the potential to transform clinical diagnostics, yet point‐of‐care (POC) biosensors for direct detection of disturbances in microbial communities are not presently available in clinical settings. The objective of this review paper is to explore the potential for biosensors to usher the study of the microbiome into the spaces of clinical diagnostics and big data collection. To achieve this goal, we first outline the types of biosensor methods that have been used to detect multiple targets from clinical and field samples, discuss the challenges inherent in multiplex detection from complex samples and examine the potential for biosensors to integrate microbiome analysis with the diagnostic process. We then consider the potential pitfalls of biosensor‐based microbiome analysis and highlight the anticipation for machine‐learning techniques to address the unique challenges associated with the large variability in microbiota composition between individuals. We finally conclude that biosensor technologies with integrated machine learning algorithms will shape the future of microbiome analysis by allowing for acquisition of vast amounts of microbiome data that can eventually be harnessed in clinical settings for more rapid and accurate diagnoses.
Colchicine for Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Webb Carly A. , Barry Arden R.
Published: April 2020

Despite advancements in medical and interventional therapy, patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to have residual risk for recurrent cardiovascular events. Colchicine has a unique antiinflammatory mechanism that has generated interest in its potential use as a secondary cardiovascular preventive therapy. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for long‐term (6 months or more) colchicine therapy in patients with established CVD. A search of Medline and Embase from inception to February 2020 was performed. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or propensity score‐matched observational studies that compared colchicine (at any dose) with placebo or no treatment. Outcomes of interest included any major adverse cardiovascular event, cardiovascular hospitalization, coronary artery restenosis, cardiovascular death, or all‐cause death. Five RCTs were included. The dose of colchicine ranged from 0.5 mg/day to 0.6 mg twice/day, and follow‐up ranged from ~6–36 months. Two trials (one double blind and one single blind) showed a reduction in composite outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events. One study failed to demonstrate a benefit with colchicine in restenosis or recurrent ischemia after angioplasty; however, it was conducted before the routine use of modern percutaneous coronary intervention and medical therapies. In contrast, a more recent trial found that colchicine reduced the rate of in‐stent restenosis in patients who received a bare metal stent. Finally, one trial in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction did not observe a benefit in death or heart failure hospitalization with colchicine despite a reduction in inflammatory markers. No trial demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular or all‐cause death, and most trials showed an increase in the rate of diarrhea with colchicine. Overall, colchicine has demonstrated promising results for the secondary prevention of CVD; however, further studies are required to confirm these findings before colchicine can be routinely recommended in practice.