bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital coronary artery fistula to the right atrium assessed with Cardiac CT
Authors: Maffei Erica , Di Pede Francesco , Barbieri Elisabetta , Cademartiri Filippo
Published: August 2020

A 50-year-old female with palpitations, dyspnoea and slightly dilated left ventricle at echocardiography was referred to Cardiac CT (CCT) for coronary artery assessment. CCT revealed a large fistula from the left main coronary artery to the right atrium, associated with agenesia of the inferior vena cava.
Effect of genetic and environmental influences on hepatic steatosis: A classical twin study based on computed tomography
Authors: Jermendy György , Kolossváry Márton , Dudás Ibolya , Jermendy Ádám L. , Panajotu Alexisz , Suhai Imre F. , Drobni Zsófia D. , Karády Júlia , Tárnoki Ádám D. , Tárnoki Dávid L. , Voros Szilard , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál
Published: August 2020

Background and aims

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and carries poor long-term hepatic prognosis. Data about the role of genetic and environmental factors in the hepatic lipid accumulation are limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental impact on the hepatic lipid accumulation within a cohort of adult twin pairs.

Patients and methods

We investigated 182 twin subjects [monozygotic (MZ,n= 114) and dizygotic (DZ,n= 68) same-gender twins (age 56.0 ± 9.6 years; BMI 27.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2; females 65.9%)] who underwent computed tomography (CT) with a 256-slice scanner. Using non-enhanced CT-images, we calculated the average value of hepatic attenuation [expressed in Hounsfield unit (HU)] suggesting hepatic lipid content. Crude data were adjusted to age, sex, BMI and HbA1c values. Intra-pair correlations were established, and structural equation models were used for quantifying the contribution of additive genetic (A), common environmental (C) and unique environmental (E) components to the investigated phenotype.

Results

The study cohort represented a moderately overweight, middle-aged Caucasian population. There was no significant difference between MZ and DZ twin subjects regarding hepatic CT-attenuation (57.9 ± 12.6 HU and 59.3 ± 11.7 HU, respectively;p= 0.747). Age, sex, BMI and HbA1c adjusted co-twin correlations between the siblings showed that MZ twins have stronger correlations of HU values than DZ twins (rMZ = 0.592,p< 0.001; rDZ = 0.047,p= 0.690, respectively). Using the structural equation model, a moderate additive genetic dependence (A: 38%, 95% CI 15–58%) and a greater unique environmental influence (E: 62%, 95% CI 42–85%) was found. Common environmental influence was not identified (C: 0%).

Conclusion

The results of our classical CT-based twin study revealed moderate genetic and greater environmental influences on the phenotypic appearance of hepatic steatosis, commonly referred to as NAFLD. Favorable changes of modifiable environmental factors are of great importance in preventing or treating NAFLD.
Qualidade de vida em crianças obesas participantes de um programa de intervenção com exercícios físicos
Authors: Viana Raytta Silva , Reis Marina Melo , Santos Amanda , Lagoa Maria João Da Cruz , Andaki Alynne Christian Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

A obesidade pediátrica pode afetar a qualidade de vida (QV) da criança  em diversos aspectos da saúde, sejam eles físicos ou psicossociais e sua mensuração é considerada um importante parâmetro na avaliação e tratamento de crianças com excesso de peso. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um programa de intervenção com exercício físico sobre a QV de crianças com sobrepeso ou obesidade.  Estudo se caracterizou como um ensaio clínico não randomizado e controlado e a amostra foi composta por 45 crianças entre oito e 11 anos de idade, com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) acima do percentil 85 para idade e sexo. Os participantes foram divididos em 3 grupos, grupo controle (n=22), grupo intervenção quadra (n=11) e grupo intervenção piscina (n=12). As crianças realizaram avaliação antropométrica para cálculo do IMC. A QV foi avaliada pelo questionário PedsQL versão genérica para crianças e pais, validado para a população brasileira. O teste ANCOVA univariada foi aplicado na comparação entre os grupos, com nível de significância α=5%. Observou-se diferença significativa no autorrelato das crianças, entre os grupos, em relação ao domínio Atividade Escolar (Δ GIP ≠ GC, Δ GIP =GIQ; p = 0,05) e verificou-se diferença significativa entre o autorrelato das crianças comparado aos questionários respondidos pelos pais, no domínio Atividade Escolar (p = 0,03) e QV geral (p = 0,02). Conclui-se que um programa de intervenção com exercícios físicos provocou efeito nos escores do domínio Atividade Escolar  e QV geral de crianças com excesso de peso, com alterações significativas na percepção dos pais em relação as crianças.
Aspectos laboratoriais ao diagnóstico da neurocisticercose: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Aguiar Fernanda Oizimas , Leite Camila Moreira , Dias Lucas Azevedo , D'Avila Vanessa , Agra Priscila Coutinho , Costa Luciana , Mascarenhas Marcello
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as padronizações fundamentais do diagnóstico da neurocisticercose (NCC), frisando a importância da inclusão dos testes laboratoriais no padrão ouro. Métodos: O estudo trata- -se de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura. A elaboração deste estudo foi realizada seguindo as seguintes etapas: 1) identificação do tema e elaboração da questão norteadora; 2) pesquisa em banco de dados informatizados e na literatura; 3) tratamento dos dados coletados; 4) avaliação aprofundada dos materiais selecionados; 5) interpretação de resultados; 6) demonstração sintetizada do material compilado. Resultados: Através dessa revisão foi constatado que há casos em que a NCC é indetectável à imagem, sendo necessários exames complementares como testes laboratoriais e detecção do parasita por técnicas histopatológicas em material de biópsia de uma lesão cerebral ou medular. Os métodos laboratoriais são considerados de extrema importância e de baixo custo. Por isso os autores defendem no presente artigo a importância da inclusão dos testes laboratoriais ao diagnóstico da NCC no padrão ouro. Conclusão: Tendo em vista que os diversos fatores que são contributivos para que a endemia da NCC e da Teníase em nosso país e outros muito mais desenvolvidos, são principalmente hábitos simples de higiene e saneamento, cabe, então, aos governos e os órgãos responsáveis pela saúde e educação, um alto investimento em prevenção através da criação de programas de conscientização, para que se torne evidente a toda a população a gravidade do complexo teníase-NCC.
Neck pain and factors associated in university students: a cross sectional study
Authors: De Vitta Alberto , Candido José Paulo , Bento Thiago , Cornelio Guilherme Porfirio , Perrucini Priscila De Oliveira , Fernandes Julio Alberto Agante , Ramos Wagner
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor cervical é uma condição musculoesquelética com alta prevalência que pode afetar os aspectos físicos, sociais e psicológicos dos indivíduos, contribuindo para o aumento de custos na sociedade e nos negócios. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de dor cervical e analisar a associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e dispositivos eletrônicos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com uma amostra de 1143 universitários, que responderam ao questionário sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e o questionário nórdico. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, bivariadas e de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor cervical foi de 66,7% (IC 63,8 a 69,3), sendo que, 57,6% (IC 52,9 a 62,1) em homens e 72,3% (IC 68,8 a 79,4) em mulheres. Na análise ajustada, o sexo feminino (RP = 1,92, 1,49-2,47), tempo de uso da TV acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,35; 1,05 - 1,79), tempo de uso do computador acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,41; 1,08 - 1,85), tempo de uso de videogame acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,42; 1,02 - 1,97), uso do tablet à distância do olho na tela acima de 20 cm (RP = 1,08, 1,01 - 1,17), postura deitada no uso do celular (RP = 1,67, 1,04 - 1,72), postura semi-deitada no uso do celular (RP = 1,28; 1,02 - 1,65), postura sentada no uso do tablet (RP = 1,54; 1,03 - 2,38), postura deitada no uso do tablet (RP = 1,83; 05 - 3,18) e usar o tablet por duas ou mais horas por dia (RP = 2,28, 1,15 - 4,49) permaneceu associado à dor cervical. CONCLUSÃO: Existe alta prevalência de dor cervical em estudantes universitários e associação marcante com o sexo feminino e com o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos.
INCOMPATIBILITY OR CONVERGENCE: HUMAN LIFE AS CAPITAL
Authors: Boichenko N. M. , Shevchenko Z. V.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify a common theoretical basis for the study of human life as capital and unconditional higher value. Theoretical basis is based on the value-laden and revised structural constructivism, provided by the French philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, critical analysis of the concepts of capital as the embodiment of social expectations, the biological concept of the value of human life, as well as the concepts of its sanctity. Originality. It is proved that one should not consider the value of human life as capital only but instead takes into account its different value interpretations, especially when forming the social identity of a person. Moreover, in each of the value systems, the value of human life can be recognized as unconditional, which does not prevent the coexistence of such different value interpretations within the framework of one social identity, which then inevitably becomes a multiple social identity. Conclusions. Human life cannot be considered as a result of integrating economic expectations into the concept of "advertising" capital: first, expectations may well be inadequate; second, expectations by themselves are not directly related to capital; third, expectations do not necessarily lead to development; fourth, one should clearly distinguish between the spontaneous "expectations" and the values that express people’s strong motivation as members of social communities. The multiplicity of possible cultural conditions that affirm the unconditional value of life indicates that this unconditionality is always relevant rather than absolute. The multiple social identities could be used to add value to the protection of human life, the affirmation of multiple social identities is a means of affirming the unconditional value of human life – it is unconditional in several alternative ways.
HUMAN CONDITION IN A GLOBALIZED SOCIETY OF RISKS AS A SOCIAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEM
Authors: Yermolenko A. M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose. The study aims at thematizing social and ethical problems related to the changes of the human condition in the contemporary globalized society of risks. These risks include threats of not only physical destruction of human race, but also transformation of the natural constitution of the human being. The task of achieving this objective also includes comparative analysis of this problem in the classical and contemporary philosophical anthropology. Theoretical basis. Works of the representatives of the contemporary philosophical anthropology, including the methodology of the transcendental anthropology as discursive ethics. Originality. Contrary to the classical philosophical anthropology, which was based on the concept of the human being as "unfinished project of nature", the author suggests a concept of human being as "unfinishable project of history" which poses new requirements to the ethics both on the level of its fundamentals, and on the level of its application. Conclusions. The complex globalized world needs axiological and normative re-orientation of the society based upon universalist macroethics of discourse. This macroethics should aim at Letztbegründung of the moral and ethical imperatives for the future development of society, changes of humanity and its natural constitution.
MAN AND LOGOS: HERACLITUS’ SECRET
Authors: Halapsis A. V.
Published: August 2020

Purpose. The author believes that the main topic of philosophical studies of Heraclitus was not nature, not dialectics, and not political philosophy; he was engaged in the development of philosophical anthropology, and all other questions raised by him were subordinated to it to one degree or another. It is anthropology that is the most "dark" part of the teachings of this philosopher, therefore the purpose of this article is to identify the hidden anthropological message of Heraclitus. In case of success, it will become clear what made him "darken". Theoretical basis. The methodological basis of the article is the anthropological understanding of fragments of Heraclitus’ texts presented in a historical and philosophical context. Originality. The philosophical concept of Heraclitus is still a mystery for researchers of his work. The author of the article proposed such a variant of interpretation, within the framework of which different elements of this concept fit into a consistent model. Conclusions. The article proves that although the anthropological turn in philosophy is traditionally associated with the activities of the sophists and Socrates, the previous philosophical thought was also not devoid of anthropological ideas. Moreover, pre-Socratic philosophers posed problems, the interpretation of which brought the doctrine of man to the level of high-order abstractions, while surprisingly preserving the concreteness of the life-meaning questions that confront him. And one of the brightest representatives of pre-Socratic anthropology was Heraclitus of Ephesus. Religion was the motivator that made him study the world, man, and society. The doctrine of the Logos developed by Heraclitus had a tremendous impact on Plato and Philo of Alexandria, and through them on the author of the Fourth Gospel, who begins his story with a "Greek" rethinking of the mystery of the Incarnation. If Heraclitus claimed that a person carries a particle of the Logos, then John (or the one who wrote on his behalf) proclaimed that the Logos itself incorporated a particle of man. Despite all the differences between these approaches, each of them postulated the cosmic (divine) significance of human existence, which means that it brought anthropology to the ontological level.
State support for innovation in the social sphere in Russia and the countries of the European Union
Authors: Kuznetcova Yuliya
Published: August 2020

If until the 90s. innovation policy was focused solely on the activities of enterprises in the real sector of the economy, and economic and social problems were not considered in their interconnection and interdependence, then with the advent of the 21st century the situation has changed dramatically. The increasing contribution of health care, education, social security to the gross domestic product, job creation has made it possible to consider them as a sphere of origin and application of innovations. It has been established that in conditions of a high load on the budget system of the country, social innovations can play a significant role in the development of society, influencing the saving of government spending on the social sphere while improving the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of the article was to identify the features of supporting innovative activities in the social sphere at the state level in the Russian Federation and the European Union. The study revealed the content of the activities of key organizations that are focused on the development of social innovations: in the Russian Federation – the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, the Social Projects Support Fund, innovation centers in the social sphere in the regions of the country, in the European Union – the Commission on Social Innovations and the Innovation Union . The key features of the activities of these organizations are identified in terms of support and replication of social innovation. Based on the study, it was found that in Russia, the ecosystem for supporting innovation in the social sphere is less stable and structured, but is dynamically developing in terms of its individual components. In the European Union, the system for supporting social innovation is much more established, many of its elements are highly developed (in particular, evaluating the effectiveness of social innovation).
Cloth face masks to prevent Covid-19 and other respiratory infections
Authors: Lima Magda Milleyde de Sousa , Cavalcante Francisco Marcelo Leandro , Macêdo Thamires Sales , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Barros Lívia Moreira
Published: August 2020

Objective to analyze scientific evidence on the efficacy of cloth masks in preventing COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Method integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: What is the efficacy of cloth face masks in absorbing particles that cause respiratory infection? The search was conducted in eight electronic databases, without any restriction in terms of language or period. Results low coverage cloth face masks made of 100% cotton, scarf, pillowcase, antimicrobial pillowcase, silk, linen, tea towel, or vacuum bag, present marginal/reasonable protection against particles while high coverage cloth masks provide high protection. Conclusion cloth face masks are a preventive measure with moderate efficacy in preventing the dissemination of respiratory infections caused by particles with the same size or smaller than those of SARS-CoV-2. The type of fabric used, number of layers and frequency of washings influence the efficacy of the barrier against droplets.
Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Mascarenhas Victor Hugo Alves , Caroci-Becker Adriana , Venâncio Kelly Cristina Máxima Pereira , Baraldi Nayara Girardi , Durkin Adelaide Caroci , Riesco Maria Luiza Gonzalez
Published: August 2020

Objective to map the current knowledge on recommendations for labor, childbirth, and newborn (NB) care in the context of the novel coronavirus. Method scoping review of papers identified in databases, repositories, and reference lists of papers included in the study. Two researchers independently read the papers’ full texts, extracted and analyzed data, and synthesized content. Results 19 papers were included, the content of which was synthesized and organized into two conceptual categories: 1) Recommendations concerning childbirth with three subcategories – Indications to anticipate delivery, Route of delivery, and Preparation of the staff and birth room, and 2) Recommendations concerning postpartum care with four categories – Breastfeeding, NB care, Hospital discharge, and Care provided to NB at home. Conclusion prevent the transmission of the virus in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle, assess whether there is a need to interrupt pregnancies, decrease the circulation of people, avoid skin-to-skin contact and water births, prefer epidural over general anesthesia, keep mothers who tested positive or are symptomatic isolated from NB, and encourage breastfeeding. Future studies are needed to address directed pushing, instrumental delivery, delayed umbilical cord clamping, and bathing NB immediately after birth.
CO1-Based DNA barcoding for assessing diversity of Pteropus giganteus from the state of Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Karamat Sana , Ashraf Nasra , Akhtar Tasleem , Rahim Faisal , Shafi Nuzhat , Khalid Saba , Shahid Benish , Khawaja Sundas , Rahim Junaid , Majeed Zahid , Lateef Zahid , Mehmood Majid
Published: August 2020

Abstract The flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) also familiar with the name of the greater Indian fruit Bat belongs to the order Chiroptera and family Pteropodidae. Current research emphasis on the DNA barcoding of P. giganteus in Azad Jammu Kashmir. Bat sequences were amplified and PCR products were sequenced and examined by bioinformatics software. Congeneric and conspecific, nucleotide composition and K2P nucleotide deviation, haplotype diversity and the number of haplotypes were estimated. The analysis showed that all of the five studied samples of P. giganteus had low G contents (G 19.8%) than C (27.8%), A (25.1%) and T (27.3%) contents. The calculated haplotype diversity was 0.60% and the mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.001% having a high number of transitional substitutions. The study suggested that P. giganteus (R=0.00) do not deviate from the neutral evolution. It was determined from the conclusion that this mtDNA gene is a better marker for identification of Bat species than nuclear genes due to its distinctive characteristics and may serve as a landmark for the identification of interconnected species at the molecular level and in the determination of population genetics.
Mercantilização & contramovimento: agricultura sustentada pela comunidade (CSA): estudo de caso em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Matzembacher Daniele Eckert , Meira Fabio Bittencourt
Published: August 2020

Resumo A forma que se tornou convencional de produzir e distribuir alimentos baseia-se no uso de agroquímicos, adubos, fertilizantes industriais e de outras técnicas provenientes da Revolução Verde, com crescente dependência do capital financeiro-industrial. Isto significa a intensificação da mercantilização da agricultura. O problema que norteou esta pesquisa é a emergência de modos de organização resistentes a essa tendência. Com base no referencial teórico de Karl Polanyi (2012a, 2012b), construiu-se um estudo de caso cujo objeto é a agricultura sustentada pela comunidade, cujo acrônimo em inglês é CSA (community supported agriculture). Trata-se de um movimento que ressitua a produção agrícola pelos princípios do comércio justo e da agroecologia e uso de cadeias curtas que aproximam produção e consumo. O resultado é um alimento de qualidade nutritiva superior a preço acessível e justo. A análise do caso CSA Alfa aponta a coexistência de diferentes princípios de regulação numa combinação de troca mercantil e reciprocidade. Na esteira de Karl Polanyi, observa-se a atividade econômica imbricada ao social, daí que amizade, tolerância, fidelidade e comprometimento estabelecem um ethos comunitário em torno do alimento. A CSA parece manifestar um contramovimento à mercantilização ao potencializar a autonomia relativa dos indivíduos, o que eleva a coesão social dos grupos participantes.
Contribuição da análise crítica do discurso em Norman Fairclough para além de seu uso como método: novo olhar sobre as organizações
Authors: Onuma Fernanda Mitsue Soares
Published: August 2020

Resumo Diversas abordagens teóricas correntes têm se debruçado sobre o estudo de elementos linguísticos como o discurso e a comunicação no processo de construção das organizações. Contudo as abordagens correntes nessa temática se embasam em visões nominalistas e deterministas, ao considerarem que os discursos, ou mesmo os processos comunicacionais, geram as organizações por si próprios. Com isso, ignoram que tais elementos linguísticos não existem de forma independente e arbitrária em relação às condições sociais e materiais, mas representam, realizam e dão força às estruturas sociais, tais como as classes e o mercado. Neste ensaio, argumento que a teoria social do discurso presente na abordagem teórico-metodológica da análise crítica do discurso (ACD) em Norman Fairclough, usualmente utilizada em estudos organizacionais como ferramenta metodológica, pode oferecer uma nova perspectiva para compreender a construção das organizações enquanto objetos de investigação.
Hipóteses docentes sobre o fracasso escolar nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Prioste Cláudia
Published: August 2020

Resumo O fracasso escolar no Brasil é crônico e complexo, portanto, torna-se relevante uma escuta atenta daqueles que lidam com os desafios cotidianos das escolas públicas. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar as hipóteses docentes sobre as dificuldades na aprendizagem escolar e analisar alguns aspectos subjacentes às explicações dadas por eles. A coleta de informações foi realizada por meio de 133 questionários e grupos focais com professores do Ensino Fundamental I. Utilizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo e frequências de palavras para sistematização e interpretação dos resultados. A maioria dos professores, 88%, afirma que as dificuldades de aprendizagem estão relacionadas principalmente à falta de apoio e de estímulo das famílias; 69% destacam os aspectos relacionados aos alunos, como falta de interesse, de atenção, de pré-requisitos, além de problemas emocionais e de indisciplina. Ressaltam, ainda, questões pertinentes às políticas públicas: redução da idade para matrícula no EF sem as devidas adaptações estruturais na escola, material didático inadequado e a progressão continuada sem apoio às crianças com dificuldades. Concluímos que tais explicações se, em um primeiro momento, sugerem preconceitos quanto às famílias e alunos, em uma análise criteriosa, revelam sintomáticas contemporâneas da sociedade de consumo, dissonâncias na relação família-escola e desvalorização da educação. As falas dos professores denunciam um mercado de apostilas e de formações que desqualificam seus saberes. Os cursos formativos, apelidados de deformações docentes, parecem descontextualizados das problemáticas concretas enfrentadas pelas instituições públicas. Por fim, as falas também evidenciam o universo de manipulações midiáticas dos interesses e valores das famílias e dos alunos.
Serviço social e cuidados paliativos em oncologia: intervenções no fim da vida e vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Frossard Andrea Georgia De Souza , Silva Jeane Alves da
Published: August 2020

O serviço social no campo dos cuidados paliativos tem seu alicerce nos direitos sociais e humanos postos na Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988. No contexto dos cuidados paliativos, em consequência das modificações na vida cotidiana decorrentes da evolução do câncer, muitos pacientes vivenciam situações de intensa vulnerabilidade. Assim, tem-se como objetivo compreender os cuidados paliativos oncológicos com base nas questões sociais, a partir das diversas situações de vulnerabilidade apresentadas pelos pacientes, que interferem no acesso e qualidade do suporte social. A investigação alicerçou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com análise de documentos impressos e digitais. Disponibilizaram-se elementos para a necessária imersão sobre as ferramentas existentes para alavancar projetos criativos e resolutivos no âmbito assistencial direcionado às pessoas em condição de vulnerabilidade. Conclui-se que é necessário o aprofundamento do tema cuidados paliativos e o atendimento às demandas profissionais na dimensão dos cuidados no fim da vida (CFV), no intento de viabilizar projetos factíveis para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, a fim de fortalecer e disseminar o uso adequado de dispositivos que facilitem a relação entre paliativistas e pacientes, minimizando o sofrimento humano.
CONSIDERATIONS ON ENDODONTIC CARE IN TIMES OF SARS CoV-2 PANDEMIC
Authors: Brandt Lorenna Mendes Temóteo , Fernandes Liege Helena Freitas , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite
Published: August 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome of the new coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, which became a pandemic, was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. It can cause mild symptoms, but in some cases it can cause serious complications, leading to death. The disease spreads through aerosol droplets and has estimated incubation period between 2 and 14 days (a period in which the patient has high potential to infect other people). Endodontists have high risk of exposure to COVID-19 when compared to other health professionals, since most of the work involves the generation of aerosols and care for patients in emergency situations, such as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess and traumatic dental injuries, is imperative. Thus, this critical review addresses considerations about endodontic care in times of pandemic, whose emergencies imply real need for treatment, as well as the care that must be adopted in order to minimize risks for both professionals and patients who seek the resolution of their clinical pain conditions.
Experimental advancement of filled wood shafts from an inspiration by bone
Authors: Yilmazcoban Ibrahim Kutay
Published: August 2020

Considering the enduring mechanical behavior of the lattice structure and compact part of the bone, an analogy between samples made of easily found beechwood and the metacarpal bones of lambs was compared to differentiate their mechanical behaviors, and moreover, to facilitate the beech patterns in various applications with the help of experiments. During the experimental process, beechwood shafts with five different diameters and the same length were tested under three-point bending conditions. Bores inside the beech samples represent the marrow aperture, while the applied polystyrene foam inside the beech samples represents the volume of marrow in a bone. The proposed study presents an investigation of the filled beech shafts by way of three-point bending tests with the biomimetic inspiration of the bone structure to develop passive protection bars for different applications. The experimental results of the filled beech samples were examined to understand the crack and the propagation types by comparing these with the metacarpal bone experiment responses. The proposed investigation approach for the wood specimens subjected to three-point bending conditions is finally discussed, and the advantages are characterized to determine the most reliable beech sample for the protection bars.
Pharmacogenomics biomarkers for personalized methadone maintenance treatment: The mechanism and its potential use
Authors: Ramli Fitri Fareez
Published: August 2020

Methadone has a wide pharmacokinetic interindividual variability, resulting in unpredicted treatment response. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers seem promising for personalized methadone maintenance treatment. The evidence supports the use of ABCB1 SNP 1236C>T with genotypes C/T or C/C (Jewish) and haplotypes AGCTT carrier, AGCGC heterozygote, or non-carrier (Caucasian), which have a predicted lower methadone dose requirement. In contrast, ABCB1 SNP 1236C>T with genotype T/T (Jewish); haplotypes AGCGC homozygote, AGCTT non-carrier (Caucasian), and ABCB1 3435C>T variant carrier; and haplotypes CGT, TTC, and TGT (Han Chinese) have a predicted higher methadone dose. For methadone plasma levels, ABCB1 diplotype non-CGC/TTT (Malay) predicted lower, and diplotype CGC/TTT (Malay), 3435C>T allelic carrier, haplotypes (CGT, TTC, TGT) (Han Chinese) predicted higher methadone levels. In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G/G) and *9(T/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T/T) and haplotypes (TA/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2/*2,*2/*3, and *3/*3; Han Chinese). Higher methadone dose was observed in CYP2C19*1 allelic carriers (Han Chinese) and CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (Caucasian). Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1 (Caucasian). Carriers of CYP2B6 genotype *6/*6 (Caucasian), CYP2B6 haplotypes ATGCAG and ATGCTG (Han Chinese), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1B (Caucasian) had predicted higher methadone plasma levels. Specific pharmacokinetics biomarkers have potential uses for personalized methadone treatment in specific populations.
Salmonella Typhimurium isolation from specimens v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , E. Curtello Suzette
Published: August 2020

Salmonella are motile, flagellated rod-shaped Zoonotic pathogens which may survive with or without oxygen and do not absorb crystal violet stain.They are decolourised by alcohol due to their outer lipopolysaccharide membrane and thin peptidoglycan layer.They belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is implicated with typhoid fever and food-borne illnesses.This pathogen is associated with intestinal disease which may become fatal and has negatively impact the health of individuals and various economies globally.The poultry industry is most impacted and vulnerable to the onslaught of this pernicious microbe.The Lipopolysaccharide Somatic O antigen, flagellar H and virulent V antigenic structure determines the serotype designate of Salmonella species [1]. A wide range of antisera is used in the location of the O antigen associated with the carbohydrate constituent of Lipopolysaccharide and H protein antigen linked with the flagella of the bacteria. Salmonellosis is an inflammation of the intestinal mucosal lining by Salmonella bacteria infiltration resulting in painful symptoms.Both man and animal are vulnerable.Salmonellosis is caused by ingestion of Salmonella with food (Wall et al., 1994).The main route of transmission of Salmonella microbe is fecal-oral. Ingestion of small concentration of Salmonella such as 6 cells with contaminated food or water will lead to salmonellosis infection [2]. References 1. Varma JK, Marcus R, Stenzel SA, et al. Highly resistant Salmonella Newport-MDRAmpC transmitted through the domestic US food supply: a FoodNet case-control study of sporadic Salmonella Newport infections, 2002-2003.J Infect Dis. 2006;194(2):222-230. doi:10.1086/505084. 2. Chen W, Martinez G, Mulchandani A. Molecular beacons: a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting Salmonella.Anal Biochem. 2000;280(1):166-172. doi:10.1006/abio.2000.4518
Preparation of a protein-AG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase by the periodate method. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

A recombinant protein that combines the IgG-binding domains of SpA and SpG was developed, and labelled to horseradish peroxidase. It was used as universal conjugate in ELISA for the assessment of antibodies against Brucella spp in cattle, sheep, dogs, goats and pigs. It was reported that similar results as the one shown using the chimeric protein AG were obtained when murine monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates were used [1,2]. References 1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.West Indian Med J. 2013;62(1):12-20. 2. Justiz-Vaillant AA, McFarlane-Anderson N, and Smikle M. “Bacterial Immunoglobulin (Ig)-Receptors: Past and Present Perspectives.” American Journal of Microbiological Research, vol. 5, no. 2 (2017): 44-50. doi: 10.12691/ajmr-5-2-4.
Protocol for study of the in vitro effect of purified serum anti-anti-anti-SpA antibodies (Ab-3) on cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , E. Akpaka Patrick
Published: August 2020

This test shows the ability of Ab-3 antibody to inhibit the growth of S. aureus in vitro. The amounts of samples tested were 18 samples from chicks fed with hyper-immune eggs and therefore have the Ab-3, and six samples from chicks fed non-hyperimmune eggs and defenetively do not have the Ab-3. Inhibition of the growth of the bacteria plated out in blood agar was observed only when the Ab-3 was added to said culture media, sugesting that the anti-anti-anti-SpA (Ab-3) bound to the S. aureus and inhibited their ability to proliferate in culture. On the other hand, bacterial growth was observed when blanks or sera of chicks fed non-hyper-immune eggs were used because these samples lacked the protective Ab-3 [1]. Reference Justiz Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, Smikle M, McFarlane-Anderson N (2012) In vitro Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus isolates by anti-antiIdiotypic antibodies to Staphylococca protein (SpA). J Vaccines Vaccin 3:127. doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000127.
Monitoramento de patentes envolvendo a tecnologia CRISPR-CAS9 e considerações sobre a mesma
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo Henrique Santos de , Garrido Ingrid Oliveira , Toledo Thais Stelzer , Da Costa Daniel Ramos , Angeli Renata
Published: August 2020

O CRISPR (Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Interespaçadas) é uma técnica da biologia molecular que vem se tornando a protagonista na produção de conhecimentos científicos e aplicados. Essa tecnologia consiste em ativar, deletar ou inserir genes de diversos organismos vivos. Essa abordagem pode auxiliar em estudos de pesquisa básica, como também ser aplicada a fim de curar doenças genética, na geração de novas cultivares na agricultura e na produção de biomoléculas de interesse industrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento de dados em bancos de depósito de patentes para rastrear a atuação da técnica CRISPR utilizando diversos organismos de maior interesse. Como metodologia foi proposto uma busca de patentes publicadas no site Espacenet, os critérios de estratégia de escopo foram: 1. palavras-chaves, 2. busca e 3. análise estatística dos resultados. Também foi realizada a mesma metodologia para rastreamento de artigos e patentes no PubMed e INPI, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram que esta tecnologia vem sendo utilizada na produção científica aplicada, em sua maioria em universidades e corporações privadas, e o vírus é vetor mais manuseado em patentes voltadas para terapia, atuando na modificação genética e seu tratamento pela introdução de material exógeno (geneterapia). Em conclusão, observa-se que esta técnica está em constante desenvolvimento e sendo amplamente utilizada com vírus como vetor no tratamento e terapia de diversas doenças, atualmente EUA e China disputam em âmbito global no ranking de depósito de patentes.
Percepção dos alunos do 7º ano do ensino fundamental sobre espécies ameaçadas de extinção, com ênfase no papagaio-chauá [Amazona rhodocorytha (Salvadori, 1890)]
Authors: Freire Heloisa Da Silva , Almeida Marcelo Nocelle de
Published: August 2020

Devido ao grande aumento do desmatamento das florestas é inevitável o desaparecimento de algumas espécies. Na Mesorregião Noroeste Fluminense a degradação ambiental encontra-se bastante acelerada e colocando diversas espécies da fauna nativa em ameaça de extinção, e, entre essas espécies está o papagaio-chauá (Amazona rhodocorytha). A escola como um espaço de educar e formar seres humanos, tem o papel de sensibilizar os alunos para a realidade na qual estão inseridos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos identificar o conhecimento prévio dos alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental sobre as espécies ameaçadas de extinção, sobretudo, o papagaio-chauá, utilizar um material paradidático sobre as espécies ameaçadas de extinção e analisar os resultados após a utilização do material paradidático. A metodologia utilizada foi dos momentos pedagógicos, onde inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário objetivando identificar o conhecimento prévio, seguido pela construção e utilização de um material paradidático lúdico, e por último foi realizada uma roda de conversa e outro questionário com intuito de verificar a ruptura entre o conhecimento anterior e o conhecimento científico. O conhecimento prévio dos alunos sobre animais silvestres foi considerado razoável, pois acima de 65% dos entrevistados sabiam o que é um animal silvestre. No que diz respeito ao papagaio-chauá, a realidade encontrada foi preocupante, já que todos os alunos disseram que não conheciam e nem sabiam que Miracema abrigava essa espécie de ave silvestre em processo de extinção. O material paradidático lúdico foi bem aceito e os alunos se mostraram motivados com as atividades propostas. Finalizando, constatamos ainda que mesmo após a execução do trabalho, alguns alunos ainda pensam em ter animais silvestres, assim como o papagaio-chauá em cativeiro. Demonstra-se assim que a cultura popular ainda encontra-se muito entranhada no pensamento dos alunos, o que nos permite concluir que ainda há muito que fazer no campo do ensino da preservação e conservação das espécies ameaçadas de extinção.
Vegetais Radiomodificadores de Radiações Ionizantes
Authors: Chal Juliana Lopes , Assis Maria Cristina De , Andrade Edson Ramos de , De Salles João Bosco
Published: August 2020

As radiações ionizantes cada vez mais vêm sendo empregadas em diversos campos da ciência e tecnologia, sendo constantemente liberada no ambiente em baixas doses no diagnóstico e no tratamento de saúde. Todavia, o maior risco ambiental está relacionado com os acidentes nucleares ou radiológicos e com o seu emprego em guerras e nas ações assimétricas de grupos extremistas, frequentemente associadas ao terrorismo. Em casos de exposições a altas doses, a radiação ionizante pode causar diversos efeitos danosos aos organismos vivos, inclusive a morte. Geralmente, os danos decorrentes da exposição à radiação ionizante são compensados por sistemas de proteção, preferencialmente, pela ação de enzimas antioxidantes. Algumas substâncias exercem ação sobre o material biológico irradiado, modificando a resposta biológica, protegendo-o ou sensibilizando-o. Estas substâncias, conhecidas como radiomodificadores, atuam como compostos antioxidantes exógenos, minimizando o estresse oxidativo causado pela exposição à radiação. Compostos de plantas já foram utilizados como agente terapêutico dos efeitos causados pela radiação. Dentre estes, podem ser citados o uso da rutina para tratar trabalhadores de Chernobyl, o uso do beta-caroteno para tratar habitantes próximos à central de Chernobyl e o uso de legumes e frutas verdes e amarelos pelos sobreviventes do bombardeio nuclear japonês, o que parece ter resultado na proteção contra o câncer de bexiga. Esta revisão visa unir em uma única publicação um levantamento dos vegetais com efeitos radiomodificadores contra os danos biológicos causados pelas radiações ionizantes. Contribuindo assim para o avanço das pesquisas sobre esta classe de compostos.
APPLYING OF MARKETING SCHEMES IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Authors: Bragina E. L. , Volkova S. O. , Kolesnikov A. V.
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to one of the main problems in marketing - development of marketing strategy for e-commerce in modern competitive conditions. The article deals with different methods of using marketing schemes, the main methods of information distribution and attracting new customers.
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CLUSTERS AS A TOOL TO ENSURE HIGH RATES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Evlashkina V. M.
Published: August 2020

The article explores the concept of a cluster, reviews the interpretation of this concept by various authors, and proposes an author's definition. We highlighted the advantages of creating a cluster for the region, as well as for companies that in the future will become its participants. The author noted the possible negative consequences of the functioning of the cluster. The paper outlines the priorities of the cluster policy of the European Center and analyzes the statistical data of industrial clusters in the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made about the creation of a cluster has a significant positive impact on the economy and sustainable development of the region and the country as a whole.
A study on maternal near miss cases in tertiary care center, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ganvir Priti Pralhad , Thakare Sarika
Published: August 2020

Background: Obstetrics near miss is an important indicator that reflects the quality of obstetrics care in a health facility. It assesses and monitors the activities aimed for prevention of maternal mortality. The aim and objective of this study was to find out the incidence, the prevalence and the causes of maternal near miss cases due to severe obstetrics complications.Methods: This is a retrospective study done in department of obstetrics and gynecology in GMC Chandrapur. The study was done during a period from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019.Results: In this study the hospital maternal near miss incidence ratio was 13.11%. In this study authors found the most common morbidity was (36.06%) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, (28.68%) cases of major obstetric haemorrhage, (7.37%) severe systemic infection or sepsis, (2.45%) labour related disorders. In medical disorders very severe anaemia, (13.11%) was most common cause of near miss. The most common cause of death was post-partum haemorrhage (41.66%) and most of the patients referred from periphery in very critical condition.Conclusions: Haemorrhage and hypertension disorders are the leading causes of MNM. Prompt diagnosis and adequate management of near miss cases can reduce mortality rates.
fomento crediticio a los grupos económicos en la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones chilena (1939-1970)
Authors: Aguirre Briones Andrés
Published: August 2020

En un mercado de capitales prácticamente inexistente en cuanto a créditos de largo plazo, el Estado proveerá de financiamiento crediticio de manera directa e indirecta, mediante crédito externo y doméstico, a importantes unidades pertenecientes a grupos económicos del país. A través de fuentes institucionales y empresariales, se analiza el alcance de las medidas de fomento interpuestas por el Estado chileno en relación con los grupos empresariales en la industrialización sustantiva de importaciones.
You are not a selective realist-dialetheist
Authors: Estrada González Luis
Published: August 2020

In her (2019), Martínez-Ordaz puts forward an argument whose conclusion pretends to be a dilemma for selective realists: either selective realists cannot rule true contradictions out or the usual characterization of selective realism is incomplete. Then she argues that one should take the second horn and complete such a characterization with some logical constraints. In this note, I will defend that her argument for the dilemma is flawed at several steps and, moreover, that the dilemma is not dangerous and that her proposed completion of selective realism is not needed.
Discussion on Remote Sensing Big Data to Promote the Development of Smart City
Authors: Jiang Ying , Yin Jian , Zha Libin
Published: August 2020

With the development and application of Internet technology, cloud computing, big data technology, Internet of things technology and other new generation information technology, smart city has gradually become the focus of global urban development. Remote sensing technology big data is the combination of remote sensing technology and big data technology. Remote sensing technology has the characteristics of long-distance, non-contact detection and wide coverage. And the data information collected by remote sensing equipment is analyzed by using big data technology to improve the application value of remote sensing technology. This paper first describes the characteristics of remote sensing big data and the connotation of smart city, and that the remote sensing big data technology can promote the intelligent supervision of urban pollution, urban planning, urban traffic intelligent response, and construction more reasonable and humanized, then it can help realize the development of urban traffic intelligent.