bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National audit of seven-day working care in radiology
Authors: Bailey HS , Mehrotra P , Drinkwater KJ , Howlett DC
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the extent to which our current provision of diagnostic and interventional radiology services matches existing clinical demand and future government proposals as set out in the Royal College of Radiologists published guidance on providing seven-day acute care.

Methods

In June 2018, all UK radiology department audit leads were sent a questionnaire designed to assess compliance for each standard of the Royal College of Radiologists published guidance on providing seven-day acute care.

Results

135 hospitals (68%) responded. Of those that responded, 96% of departments have a diagnostic radiologist rota for clinicians to discuss acute cases and review imaging and 48% of departments do not have a fully staffed consultant rota 24 h a day, seven days a week for interventional radiology. There is significant variance in MRI radiographer availability within departments, ranging from 18.8% during Saturday/Sunday evening/overnight up to a maximum of 63.9% during Saturday daytime. 11% of departments participate in a regional out of hours cross-organisation reporting rota. 40% of departments have no 24/7 RIS technical support and 34% have no PACS technical support out of hours.

Conclusion

There is a wide variation in practice across radiology departments in the UK. Although there are some standards that the majority of hospitals are achieving, there is a significant short-fall in fundamental aspects of providing acute seven-day care. The multifactorial nature in which these problems have arisen means there is no easy solution to combat these issues. There is a requirement for significant investment and political commitment to improve staffing and infrastructure in order to address the current situation.

Advances in knowledge

A UK wide evaluation of the current provision of seven-day working in radiology showing 54% of hospitals do not have a UK working-time regulations compliant Interventional radiology rota, severe lack of availability of acute MRI out of hours and significant deficiencies in providing technical support out of hours. A sustainable and efficient seven-day service is currently not being provided.
Στοματική υγεία και ψυχοκοινωνικοί παράγοντες
Authors: Μπαξεβάνος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: May 2021

Η διερεύνηση της σχέσης μεταξύ στοματικής υγείας και ψυχο-κοινωνικώνπαραγόντων σε δείγμα Θεσσαλονικέων εφήβων.Υλικό και ΜέθοδοςΕξετάστηκαν 531 μαθητές της Β’ τάξης Γυμνασίου στα σχολεία. Καταγράφηκε η τερηδονική εμπειρία με μετατροπή του δείκτη ICDAS-IIστον δείκτη DMFS (D = 3-6) και τα οδοντικά τραύματα στους μόνιμους τομείς. Ψυχο-κοινωνικοί και συμπεριφορικοί παράγοντες συλλέχθηκαν με συνέντευξη των μαθητών και με ερωτηματολόγια από τις μητέρες. Η στατιστική ανάλυση περιλάμβανε ένα θεωρητικό μοντέλο για την τερηδονική εμπειρία και ομοιογενείς Συστάδες μαθητών για τα οδοντικά τραύματα.ΑποτελέσματαΟ δείκτης τερηδονικής εμπειρίας υπολογίστηκε 2,74. Το θεωρητικό μοντέλο βρέθηκε ότι ισχύει (P > 0,05). Η τερηδονική εμπειρία δέχτηκε στατιστική επίδραση από ψυχο-κοινωνικούς παράγοντες, μέσω της συμπεριφοράς υγείας (P < 0,05). Τα οδοντικά τραύματα υπολογίστηκε σε 15,8% και συσχετίστηκαν με ψυχο-κοινωνικούς παράγοντες (P < 0,05).ΣυμπεράσματαΟι ψυχο-κοινωνικοί παράγοντες συσχετίζονται με την τερηδονική εμπειρία μέσω της συμπεριφοράς στοματικής υγείας και με τον επιπολασμό των οδοντικών τραυμάτων.
Tätigkeitsbericht der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt für das Jahr 2005
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: May 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2005.
Vorbericht über die Grabungen 2005 im Bereich der spätlatènezeitlichen Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Hecht Yolanda , Rissanen Hannele , Schaltenbrand Katrin , Stelzle-Hüglin Sophie , Spichtig Norbert
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» im Jahr 2005.
Ausgrabungen und Funde im Jahr 2006
Authors: Bargetzi Dagmar , Helmig Guido , Leuzinger Urs , Matt Christoph Philipp
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt im Jahr 2006.
Archäologische Untersuchungen auf dem Marktplatz
Authors: Matt Christoph Philipp , Bargetzi Dagmar
Published: May 2021

Der Marktplatz wies bis zum Quartierbrand von 1377 nur einen Bruchteil der heutigen Grösse auf. Auch danach belegte er bis zur aktuellen Ausdehnung, die Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts entstand, eine wesentlich geringere Fläche.

Zwei Tiefbauprojekte auf dem Marktplatz führten im Jahr 2006 zur archäologischen Untersuchung umfangreicher Reste der älteren Überbauung und lieferten Hinweise zur Topographie des Platzes in den früheren Jahrhunderten.
Vorbericht über die Grabungen 2007 im Bereich der spätlatènezeitlichen Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Hecht Yolanda , Nick Michael , Rissanen Hannele , Spichtig Norbert , Stelzle-Hüglin Sophie
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» im Jahr 2007.
Tätigkeitsbericht der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt für das Jahr 2008
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: May 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2008.
Die Dame mit den Goldohrringen
Authors: Bernasconi Marco , Alder Cornelia , Hörack Christian
Published: May 2021

Bei den aktuellen Ausgrabungen auf dem Münsterhügel entdeckten die Archäologen im Leitungsgraben an der Rittergasse ein Skelett mit goldenen Ohrringen.

Die Goldohrringe von besonderer Kunstfertigkeit und — als Grabbeigabe — von grosser Seltenheit sowie der anthropologische Befund sprechen eine eindeutige Sprache: Die in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts jung verstorbene Frau gehörte zur Basler Oberschicht. Doch um wen handelt es sich? Der Aufsatz begibt sich auf Spurensuche.
Metaphysics of Creativity
Authors: Arhipova Ol'ga , Shor Yuriy
Published: May 2021

The monograph is devoted to the study of the metaphysics of creativity. The main idea of the book is that creative thinking, and more broadly, creativity in general, is an internal dialogue, a collision and interaction of fundamentally different "schemes of thinking", different logics, behind which there are unique cultural and historical worlds. The authors focus on identifying the philosophical and cultural facets of creativity, emphasizing that it belongs to the main existentials of human existence.
It is addressed to philosophers, cultural scientists, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of the metaphysics of creativity.
State policy in relation to cities and regions with mono-specialization: experience and priorities
Authors: Krekotnev Sergey
Published: May 2021

The monograph analyzes the policy in relation to cities and regions with monospecialization as one of the priority directions of state policy. The article considers the specifics of single-industry cities and regions as socio-political phenomena and objects of state regulation. The main principles, directions, mechanisms and tools for the implementation of state policy in relation to single-profile spatial formations are studied. Special attention is paid to the political and comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the formation and implementation of this direction of state policy, as well as to identifying the degree of applicability of its main models in modern conditions.
For specialists in the field of political science and related sciences, as well as anyone interested in this issue in its theoretical and applied dimensions.
Biological systems in the processing of secondary products and agricultural waste
Authors: Sidorenko Oleg
Published: May 2021

The manual describes technologies for processing secondary products and agricultural waste using macro-and micro-organisms. The regulations of modern biotechnologies of microbial synthesis, bioconversion of secondary raw materials are briefly presented, methods of its processing and characteristics of the obtained target products of bioconversion are described.
Practical classes introduce students to modern methods of improving environmental quality and production waste from commercial products (organic fertilizers, bacterial preparations, feed additives, etc.), as well as obtain the cheapest fuel and energy resources (biogas, alcohols, acids, liquid biofuels, etc.).
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions of technological specialties.
Control and audit of the activities of a commercial organization: external and internal
Authors: Osipov Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The textbook reveals the role of control in ensuring the effective operation of a commercial organization, and sets its purpose and objectives. The main directions of external and internal control of the activities of a commercial organization are defined and the characteristics of the functions performed by them are given. The basic principles of external and internal audit are formulated, their purpose is defined, and the procedure for regulatory and legal regulation of audit activities in the Russian Federation is considered. The features of control over the activities of a commercial organization in management accounting are revealed, and the need for its further development in modern business conditions is justified. To consolidate the theoretical material, the practical and methodological support of the discipline is provided.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students in the bachelor's degree program 38.03.01 " Economics "(profile "Accounting, Analysis and Audit") and teachers of economic specialties, students of the postgraduate education system, practitioners related to external and internal control and audit of the activities of commercial organizations.
Marketing
Authors: Reznik Galina
Published: May 2021

The textbook is the fourth edition, contains a detailed presentation of the topics of the discipline "Marketing". In an accessible and understandable form, the key concepts of the discipline "Marketing"are considered. In particular, the reader will get an idea of the essence of marketing, its types, principles, functions and basic elements; the environment of marketing and the conditions in which it can be applied. The textbook reveals the concept of the market, its types, capacity and segmentation; competition, its types, the role of the enterprise in the competition in order to achieve key success factors. Considerable attention is paid to the concepts of "product", "product", their distinctive features. The essence of product distribution is revealed and the features of marketing logistics as a method of managing product promotion channels are given.
The textbook also includes a bibliographic list, questions for self-control, tests, which will allow you to study the course "Marketing" more fully.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors studying in the direction of training 38.03.02 "Management".
Social efficiency of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Bunov Egor
Published: May 2021

The monograph contains a theoretical analysis of the social effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies as the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of law enforcement activities to protect their interests, rights and freedoms. The results of a multidimensional analysis of empirical studies of the influence of macro - and microsocial factors on the effectiveness of interaction between the population and law enforcement agencies are presented. The article substantiates the criteria for social assessment of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the use of which allows for practical adjustment of the forms and methods of the management system.
For a wide range of readers interested in the practice of applying legal measures of law enforcement.
Price dialectics and the concept of creating a unified system for monitoring pricing processes in the economy
Authors: Kovalev Aleksandr , Orlova Lyubov' , Domkin Pavel , Sokolov Sergey
Published: May 2021

The monograph presents conceptual approaches and practical recommendations for the formation of a system for monitoring pricing processes in the economy. The main idea of creating such a system is to ensure the transparency of pricing processes, the exclusion of price manipulation practices, and the implementation of the principle of fair business conduct. The presented research examines the problems of setting final prices in the economy on a systematic basis: from an institutional point of view, economic practices, features of legal regulation and information support of pricing processes in the economy are described. On the example of a large amount of factual material, the inconsistency of purely market relations and the risks that arise in this case are shown, the need for monitoring pricing processes is proved.
For a wide range of readers interested in the nature of pricing processes in methodological and practical aspects.
Russia in the XXI century: a modernization project. Education. Economy. Society
Authors: Aushev Tamerlan , Bagautdinov Radik , Bolotov Nikolay , Valeeev Azat , Valeev Artur , Galimhanov Azat , Ershov Vitaliy , Zaynasheva Zarima , Zaynullin Ruslan , Men'shikov Maksim , Poletaev Vadim , Sitnova Inna , Timerbulatov Tagir , Harrasov Rustem
Published: May 2021

The monograph is devoted to the role of higher education in the implementation of the tasks of socio-economic modernization of Russia in the XXI century. The authors explore the latest experience in training qualified personnel for the domestic banking system, public administration, and legal institutions. On the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the prospects for the participation of universities in the development of the scientific, educational and technological space of the subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed.
The article reveals the relationship between the development of the education system and the implementation of the priority directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation aimed at creating a knowledge economy and strengthening the competitive position of Russian business in the modern global economy.
Fundamentals of creating MIVAR expert systems
Authors: Varlamov Oleg
Published: May 2021

Methodological and applied issues of the basics of creating knowledge bases and expert systems of logical artificial intelligence are considered. The software package "MIV Expert Systems Designer" (KESMI) Wi!Mi RAZUMATOR" (version 2.1), which is a convenient tool for the development of intelligent information systems. Examples of creating mivar expert systems and several laboratory works are given. The reader, having studied this tutorial, will be able to independently create expert systems based on KESMI.
The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems.
Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.
From the Poet to the Pedant: Models and Counter- Models of Classical Learning in the Renaissance (eng)
Authors: Albanese Nicholas
Published: May 2021

The figure of the pedante and its presence in Renaissance culture has been observed and analyzed principally by scholars and historians of 16th century theatrical production, who have delineated the contours of the largely unified character in terms of its physical and performative characteristics on the stage. After Arturo Graf’s discussion of the pedant in Renaissance comedy over 130 years ago, it is only in more recent times that theater scholars have turned their interest towards the character even though the wider cultural context and relevance of its appearance outside of the theater has not been adequately addressed. Nevertheless, the figure of the pedant can be seen as a site in which oppositional trends emerge for the development of the educational and cultural project of the age. In this paper I will discuss the figure of the pedant in relation to the fundamental idea of the humanist and its social role as had been developed by authors in the 14th and 15th centuries, beginning with the exemplar established by the recognized padre dell’ Umanesimo, Francesco Petrarca. The appearance and development of this character not only underscore a change in cultural and literary models, but they also become keys for understanding crucial socio-economic shifts of the Cinquecento
El chino como lengua puente para la traducción al español de textos alemanes
Authors: Xu He Dong , Balbuena Torezano M.del Carmen
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se abordarán las dificultades de traducción de textos en los que hay temática agroalimentaria y turística, específicamente aquellos pertenecientes a la conocida fiesta de la cerveza alemana, el Oktoberfest. Se tratará el caso particular de la traducción alemán-español de este tipo de textos por parte de nativos cuya lengua materna es el chino. De este modo, se establecerá la utilidad de usar el chino como lengua “puente” para la correcta traducción del texto al español. Para ello, a partir de tres textos seleccionados, se comentarán las principales dificultades de traducción, así como la propuesta de traducción. Acompaña al análisis un glosario trilingüe alemán-español-chino, basado en la traducción a ambas lenguas, el chino y el español, de los textos originales en alemán
La importancia de la calidad en el ámbito de la traducción: estudio comparativo entre traductores autónomos, traductores en plantilla y clientes de servicios de traducción
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Vannessa , Huertas Abril Cristina
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la situación de la calidad y sus normas en el ámbito de la traducción y la localización, así como sobre la situación del uso de las herramientas de evaluación de la calidad en los proyectos de traducción y localización. Para ello, se desarrolla un cuestionario dirigido tanto a traductores profesionales (autónomos o freelance, o que trabajen en empresas o agencias de traducción) como a clientes de este sector. Para el análisis de los datos recogidos mediante el cuestionario se dividen y estructuran los resultados por perfiles; estos son: traductores autónomos o freelance, traductores en empresa o agencia de traducción y clientes del sector. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se muestra el punto de vista de cada perfil sobre la situación de la calidad, sus normas de regulación y las herramientas de evaluación de la calidad, así como una propuesta para estudios futuros.
Pantoprazole: An Unusual Suspect in a Patient with Fever
Authors: Melo Nuno , Policarpo Sílvia , Dias Manuela , Almeida Jorge
Published: May 2021

Drugs can cause fever of unknown origin. Drug fever is a diagnosis of exclusion and can lead to unnecessary investigations and prolonged hospitalization. Any drug can be responsible. Here, we describe the case of a woman admitted because of acute hepatitis. Pantoprazole was started for stress ulcer prophylaxis when she was admitted to the ICU. Fever developed a few days later and an extensive diagnostic work-up was negative. Fever remitted after pantoprazole discontinuation and the diagnosis of drug fever was established.
Financial disclosure quality and sustainability disclosure quality. A case in China
Authors: Abeysekera Indra , Li Feng , Lu Yingjun
Published: May 2021

This paper empirically examines whether there is an association between financial reporting disclosure quality and sustainability disclosure quality of the top 100 socially reputed Chinese listed firms. The paper computed financial disclosure quality by empirically combining earning qualities of accrual, persistence, predictability, and smoothness. Using content analysis and survey questionnaire research methods, it calculated sustainability quality by combining disclosure quantity (through quantitative weightings), disclosure type (through qualitative weightings), and disclosure item importance (through qualitative weightings) of economic, social, and environmental disclosures made in annual and sustainability reports, ascertained using the Global Reporting Initiative sustainability framework. The study finds that sustainability disclosure in the current period is sufficiently associated with financial disclosure quality of the current period and future period. Consistent with stakeholder theory, firms with a social reputation are perceived as trustworthy by stakeholders and shareholders. The findings lead to a cultural stakeholder theory where underlying values of societal culture create a condition supporting mutual stakeholder relationships between firm and various stakeholders. Demonstrating trustworthiness through disclosures can help boost consumer confidence and foreign trade relations for Chinese firms. The Chinese government can design innovative schemes to reward and promote trustworthiness in firms, such as regulating base-point reductions in interest rates on borrowing or raising funds.
PEG3 controls lipogenesis through ACLY
Authors: Ghimire Subash , Kim Joomyeong
Published: May 2021

Peg3 (Paternally expressed gene 3) is an imprinted gene encoding a DNA-binding protein that is a well-known transcriptional repressor. Previous studies have shown that the mutant phenotypes of Peg3 are associated with the over-expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In the current study, we investigated four potential downstream genes of Peg3, which were identified through ChIP-seq data: Acly, Fasn, Idh1, and Hmgcr. In vivo binding of PEG3 to the promoter region of these key genes involved in lipogenesis was subsequently confirmed through individual ChIP experiments. We observed the opposite response of Acly expression levels against the variable gene dosages of Peg3, involving 0x, 1x, and 2x Peg3. This suggests the transcriptional repressor role of Peg3 in the expression levels of Acly. Another set of analyses showed a sex-biased response in the expression levels of Acly, Fasn, and Idh1 against 0x Peg3 with higher levels in female and lower levels in male mammary glands. These results overall highlight that Peg3 may be involved in regulating the expression levels of several key genes in adipogenesis.
Tegaserod for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation in Women Younger Than 65 Years Without Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled Analyses of 4 Controlled Trials
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Lacy Brian E. , Chey William D. , Chang Lin , Brenner Darren M.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Tegaserod was the first US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in women and was recently reapproved for use. Recognizing that clinical trials were performed almost 20 years ago, we performed an integrated analysis on patient-reported outcomes relevant to current practice including previously unpublished data.

METHODS:

Data from 4 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating tegaserod 6 mg b.i.d. in patients with IBS-C were pooled. We analyzed 2 groups: all women (overall population) and women younger than 65 years without a history of cardiovascular ischemic events (indicated population). The primary end point was subjective global assessment of IBS-C symptom relief. Responders rated themselves as “considerably” or “completely” relieved ≥50% of the time or at least “somewhat relieved” 100% of the time over the last 4 weeks.

RESULTS:

The overall and indicated populations included 2,939 (tegaserod [n = 1,478]; placebo [n = 1,461]) and 2,752 (tegaserod [n = 1,386]; placebo [n = 1,366]) participants, respectively. The pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for clinical response during the last 4 weeks in the overall and indicated populations with tegaserod were 1.37 (1.18, 1.59; P < 0.001) and 1.38 (1.18, 1.61; P < 0.001). In the overall and indicated populations, clinical response rates for tegaserod during the last 4 weeks were 43.3% and 44.1% versus 35.9% and 36.5% with placebo (P < 0.001). Adverse events were similar between groups. No significant cardiovascular events related to tegaserod were observed in patients with ≤1 cardiac risk factor.

DISCUSSION:

Tegaserod 6 mg b.i.d. reduced IBS-C symptoms in overall and US Food and Drug Administration–indicated populations (women aged <65 years with no history of cardiovascular ischemic events).
Faire Wettbewerbsbedingungen für nachhaltige Unternehmen
Authors: Fiedler Lisa , Törpe Kerstin
Published: May 2021

Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt wird als Indikator für den Wohlstand einer Volkswirtschaft genutzt. Arbeitsbedingungen und Ressourcenverbrauch bleiben unberücksichtigt und gesetzliche Anforderungen beschränken sich auf monetäre Aspekte. So stellt sich die Frage, ob unsere Wirtschaftsstrukturen und der rechtliche Rahmen nicht zu kurz greifen.
Chance für einen Wandel in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit?
Authors: Böhm Uta , Schäfer Martina , Dehning Rabea-Lorina
Published: May 2021

Die Hygienemaßnahmen in der Pandemie veränderten den Alltag vieler Privathaushalte gravierend. Inwieweit haben sich dadurch nachhaltigere Verhaltensmuster herausgebildet? Stellen diese Anpassungen der Alltagsroutinen ein Gelegenheitsfenster für längerfristige Veränderungen dar?
The importance of correct stratifications when comparing directly and indirectly estimated reference intervals
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Wosniok Werner
Published: May 2021

Objectives

There are generally two major reasons for the comparison of reference intervals (RIs): when externally determined RIs (from the literature or provided by a manufacturer) are compared with presently used intra-laboratory RIs and when indirectly estimated RIs are compared with directly established RIs. Discrepancies within these comparisons may occur for two reasons: 1. the pre-analytical and/or analytical conditions do not agree and/or 2. biological variables influencing the establishment of RIs have not been considered adequately. If directly and indirectly estimated reference intervals (RIs) are compared with each other, they very often agree. Sometimes, however, a comparison may differ, with the reason for any discrepancy not being further studied. A major reason for differences in the comparison of RIs is that the requirement for stratification has been neglected.

Methods

The present report outlines the consequences to RI comparison if stratification is neglected during RI determination with the main variables affecting RIs being sex and age. Alanine aminotransferase was chosen as an example in which the RIs depend on both these factors.

Results

Both direct and indirect approaches lead to erroneous RIs if stratification for variables which are known to affect the estimation of RIs is not performed adequately. However, failing to include a required stratification in procedures for directly determined RIs affects the outcome in a different way to indirectly determined RIs.

Conclusions

The resulting difference between direct and indirect RIs is often misinterpreted as an incorrect RI estimation of the indirect method.
The Founding of Singapore and the Chinese Kongsis of West Borneo (ca.1819–1840)
Authors: Chan Ying-kit
Published: May 2021

Many historians have examined why Singapore failed to be a major trading center before the nineteenth century. This paper revisits the current scholarly literature on the founding of Singapore to make two arguments. First, I argue that we cannot understand the founding of Singapore and its role in the British Second Empire without delineating Singapore’s role as a forest- and marine-goods metropolis in the precolonial Chinese trading networks of Southeast Asia. Second, I try to show how the Chinese kongsis 公司 of West Borneo turned Singapore into a forest- and marine-goods metropolis, formed their own political and social institutions, and collectively functioned as a third autonomous pseudostate power alongside the British and the Dutch. This reconceptualization enables us to see the founding of Singapore as a joint enterprise, and not a solely British achievement.
Text and Image Studies: Theory of East Asian Cultural Diffusion
Authors: Lo-fen I
Published: May 2021

The word ‘Text’ in Text and Image Studies encompasses sound/ language text, textual body, word/ literary text and image text. ‘Image’ represents not only pictorial illustrations, but also symbols, icons, logos/ trademarks and other forms of visual rhetoric, as well as videos, lines and printed material. Text and Image Studies offers valuable approaches in the investigation and analysis of the complexity of the interplay, interrelations and disjunctions between text and image in various forms of visual media. Chief subjects of interest include creativity and innovation, distribution and dissemination, sociopolitical implications, impact on consumerism, psychological effects on human cognition, etc. The theoretical application of Text and Image Studies in the East Asian cultural exchange discussed in this article is the fruit of almost two decades of research. The article uses a seven-pronged approach - canonization, politicization, conceptualization, abstraction, localization, standardization, modularization- in the study of East Asian cultural exchange in variety of regions, time periods, and genre in an attempt to explore new research ideologies and theories.
Authoritarian Violence, Public Health, and the Necropolitical State: Engaging the South African Response to COVID-19
Authors: Powers Theodore
Published: May 2021

Following COVID-19’s arrival in March 2020, the South African government implemented a restrictive state-led response to the pandemic, limiting infections along with the survival strategies of those at greatest risk of illness. While the country’s aggressive tactics towards the pandemic have been lauded by some, the public health response has taken a violent turn towards the country’s historically marginalized Black urban population. How are we to make sense of the ruling African National Congress’ decision to utilize the South African state’s capacity for violence towards poor and working-class Black urban communities? How can this disease response be contextualized within the broader dynamics of citizenship across South African history? Building on these questions, I analyze South African efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic alongside the state response to an outbreak of bubonic plague during the colonial era. I propose that the South African state carries within it divergent historical continuities, some of which carry forward the necropolitical modalities of the colonial and apartheid eras and others that redistribute resources to safeguard life.
Soybean-based polymers and composites
Authors: Madbouly Samy , Edlis Sean , Ionadi Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Development and evaluation of new bio-based sustainable plastics to replace the petroleum-based materials in different industrial applications has both environmental and economic benefits. Bio-based polymers can be widely used in biomedical and agriculture applications due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Soy protein is a natural material that can be isolated from soybean, which is a major agricultural crop in the U.S. The viability of soybean-based polymers and composites is questioned due to their high-water absorption and poor mechanical properties. There have been many environmentally friendly attempts to improve the properties of soybean polymers as soybeans and their extracts are widely available worldwide. Soy protein, hulls, and oils all find use in the development of different biodegradable polymers. While the development looks promising, there is still more work to do to make the soybean polymers useful and economically viable. Blending soy protein with other biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyurethane dispersion is a valid approach to improve the mechanical properties of soy protein and reduce its water sensitivity.
Gottesfürchtige Seeleute (Jon 1,5–16) und bußfertige Feinde (Jon 3,5–10)
Authors: Hensel Benedikt
Published: May 2021

Der Beitrag analysiert die Konversion der Seeleute in Jon 1,5–16 und die Umkehr der Niniviten in Jon 3,5–19 und vergleicht sie miteinander. Hensel kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass zwei unterschiedliche Modelle der Zuordnung zum antiken Judentum im Rahmen dieser prophetischen Lehrerzählung vorgestellt und im Kontext vielfältiger Applikationen von Schrifttraditionen (insbesondere Joel und Jer; sowie der Gnadenformel Ex 34,6 f.) verhandelt werden. Im Hintergrund steht die Debatte um die Zuordnungsoptionen für »Proselyten« (Jon 1) und »Sympathisanten« des hellenistischen Judentums (Jon 3).
Numerical Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficients in Multi-Thermocouple Probes by the Reconstruction Temperature Method
Authors: Sanchez-Sarmiento Fernando B. , Cavaliere Miguel A.
Published: May 2021

The numerical simulation of the heat transfer problem of the quenching process requires an accurate characterization of the heat transfer coefficient dependence on surface temperature, which is usually determined by measuring the cooling curve and applying an inverse method. In most cases, the thermocouple is located at the center of the probe (ISO 9950, Industrial Quenching Oils — Determination of Cooling Characteristics — Nickel-Alloy Probe Test Method), but, in recent years, probes with several thermocouples have been developed (e.g., Tensi test) and the process to estimate the coefficients turned out to be more complex. The proposed methodology has considered the numerical reconstruction of the temperature field of the probe using multi-thermocouple measurements, actual material properties, and heat transfer equations. The heat transfer coefficients are directly obtained from the numerically reconstructed thermal field based on the fact that its gradient at the boundaries is proportional to the heat flux transferred. It is important to remark that neither parameter optimization nor curve fitting is needed.
Czechoslovakia’s Discreet Behavioral Revolution in the 1960s
Authors: Štefek Martin
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the thus far unnoticed “intellectual origin” of the so-called Prague Spring. It summarizes tenets of behavioral revolution in the field of social sciences and documents its considerable influence on Czechoslovak scholars. From the mid-1960s, behavioral reasoning coexisted with other (mutually conflicting) perspectives. Literature on Czechoslovak reform has given evidence of the impact of Marxian revisionism, the Frankfurt school, and theories of industrial societies. This article stresses the significance of behavioral meta-theory not only in academia but also in the political arena. However, the process of normalization after 1968/1969 signified the inevitable end for this paradigm.
Low and High Glycemic Load Diet on Immune Responses of Adolescent Football Athletes
Authors: Setyarsih Liani , Safitri Iqlima , Susanto Hardhono , Suhartono Suhartono , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: May 2021

High-intensity physical exercise causes physical stress that will suppress immune system in athleteâ€™s body. Decreased immune system function can cause physiological and pathological changes such as fatigue, reduce athlete performance, and increase risk of infection. Regulation diets of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are known to help control blood glucose during exercise so the immune system can be maintained.The purpose of this study was to determine differences effects of low and high glycemic load diets on immune responses in adolescent football athletes. This study was a quasi experimental with multiple time series design, conducted on 22 adolescent football athletes aged 15-17 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups, low GL diet group was given carbohydrate-source foods with GL 9.15, high GL diet group was given foods with GL 27.29. Diet was given once in the morning and 2 hours later subjects doing RAST (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test) to trigger physical stress. Immune response was measure using total leukocytes and leukocytes differential count. There were no significant differences in blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and leukocytes differential count between low GL and high GL groups (p0.05). Low GL diet causes an increase in blood glucose and total leukocytes smaller than high GL diet.Â
Linking ASI-Mobile Android-Based App on Mothers Attitude and Behavior on Exclusive Breastfeed
Authors: Oktaviani Oktaviani , Hariteluna Marselinus
Published: May 2021

Exclusive breastfeeding within the Palangka Raya municipality is far below target, on which 14,99% (2016) and 16,76% (2017), respectively. There were several primary health has the feeding bout, only cover 2,58%. Due to a lack of mothers knowledge, regarding beneficial and proper breastfeeding practices. Todays technology presumably has the advantages as promotional media. The study was aimed to quantify the android-based application, so-called ASI-Mobile, towards mothers attitude and behavior, on exclusive breastfeeding within Jekan Raya district, Palangka Raya Municipality, Central Kalimantan. The Research was conducted in March - October 2019, using a quasi-experimental design, and the sample was 60 pregnant women, in the third trimester period, over the Jekan Raya District areas. ASI-Mobile was subjected to 30 pregnant women, while others 30 mothers by counseling, the conventional promotion type. Purposive sampling was used, their socio-economic was collected, descriptive analysis was conducted. Bivariate analysis, Wilcoxon ranked test was used to analyzed the effect of the treatments. We've have found a significant link on ASI-Mobile application toward mothers attitudes (p-value 0.046) and behavior (p-value 0.018). We concluded that the ASI-Mobile, an android-base application, is more effective towards shifting mothers attitudes and behavior on exclusive breastfeeding within our study area.
Assessing the Quality of Life Among Commuting Workers and Uncomfortable Travel
Authors: Kusmawan David , Andari Shofi , Susilowati Indri H
Published: May 2021

Many studies conclude commuting that has an impact on the quality of life of the commuter both in the physical, psychological, health, and environmental aspects of the commuter. Increased risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), obesity, increased blood pressure, and low physical health conditions are found in prolonged commuting activities as the existing problem in public health. This study using cross sectional design with WHO QOL BREF questionnaire.Â  The total sample 155 respondents of commuting working using KRL Commuter Line Bogor to Jakarta in 2018. The initial model for assessing the relationship directly and indirectly between quality of life among commuting workers and travel uncomfortable, health complaint, psychological condition, bad experience, and income was constructed on the basis of severe hypotheses Based on the results of the path analysis it was found that income has a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological conditions have a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological condition is intervening variable for travel uncomfortable and health complaints as indirect effect. These results may help to identify the direct factor to improve the quality of life among commuting workers and as a basis for developing policies to improve the quality of public transportation services for commuting workers, and as a basis for formulating policies related to housing development locations that are integrated with public transportation facilities.
Analysis of cutting conditions in the process of cross-cutting wood by circular saws
Authors: Kováč Ján , Harvánek Pavol , Krilek Jozef , Kuvik Tomáš , Melicherčík Ján
Published: May 2021

An analysis was conducted of the effects of cutting conditions in the cross-cutting of wood using circular saws. Gradual wear of the saw blade cutting wedges impacted the entire cutting process. Two different types of circular saw blades were used. One blade type featured sintered carbide tips and 54 saw blade teeth, whereas the other had high-speed steel with 56 teeth; both saw-blades were 600 mm in diameter with a rake angle of 20°. The two wood species were spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). During sawing, the timber was fed at a velocity of vf = 6 and 12 m·min-1. The cutting speed (vc) was set at 60 m·s-1, 70 m·s-1 and 80 m·s-1. The saw blades were coated with three types of PVD coatings. The least energy intensive saw blade was a sintered carbide-free saw blade with a coating (AlTiN) at a displacement speed of 12 m·min-1 and cutting speed of 60 m·s-1 with a power of 1310,63 W. Any change of a saw blade considerably affected torque for all the wood species, so a particular type of saw blade will always have an impact on torque. Other parameters distinctively and individually influenced the process of wood sawing.
Bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum CGMCC 1.2378 using coconut shell acid hydrolysate as carbon source
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Fangfang , Sun Yangyang
Published: May 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum using a carbon source of coconut shell hydrolysate, which was treated with an ultra-low concentration of sulfuric acid. The coconut shell was found to contain 57.13% holocellulose and 27.42% lignin. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on hydrolysis of coconut shell were evaluated by response surface methodology. The reducing sugar concentration was 8.39 g/L under the predicted optimum treatment at 200 °C for 32 min with a solution of 0.07% sulfuric acid. The holocellulose conversion rate was 56.1% at this condition. In a detoxification process using calcium hydroxide and activated carbon, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in the hydrolysate were almost completely removed, whereas formic acid and acetic acid levels decreased by 30%. After cultivation for 7 days at the reducing sugar status of 5 g/L, the BC production in medium with the detoxified hydrolysate could reach 1.66 g/L. After fermentation for 21 days, BC yield in medium using composited carbon source (20 g/L) of glucose and hydrolysate was 5.30 g/L. Structural analysis showed that BC obtained from medium of control and detoxified hydrolysate exhibited similar properties. This work provided a potential method for BC production.
The Links Between Childhood Life Circumstances, Family Persecution and Discrimination Experiences, and Well-Being in Later Life
Authors: Eimontas Jonas , Bagdonas Albinas , Kairys Antanas , Zamalijeva Olga , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė , Sadauskaitė Raimonda
Published: May 2021

The life course perspective raised many discussions about continuity, types of threads linking different developmental stages, and ways to identify these links. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of childhood family circumstances and family repression / discrimination experiences in predicting psychological well-being in later life. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 7 data was used; 1985 respondents aged 50+ (M = 66.23, SD = 10.52) living in Lithuania (63.8 % – female) provided retrospective information on their early life circumstances, including home environment, relationships with family / friends, family persecution. Psychological well-being was assessed with a 12-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP) scale. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the inclusion of family persecution and other childhood factors increases the prognostic value of the model by 8 percent. Relationships with mother and friends, self-rated health, perceived abilities, number of books at home, and physical harm by others significantly predicted psychological well-being among older adults, even after controlling pivotal sociodemographic variables. These results suggest that creating a caring, safe, and cognitively stimulating childhood environment can promote better development in early stages and contribute to greater psychological well-being in later life.
Excitation of Ultrashort Spin Waves via Spin-Cherenkov Effect in Magnetic Waveguides
Authors: Slobodianiuk D.V.
Published: May 2021

The excitation of ultrashort wavelength spin waves via the spin-Cherenkov effect in magnetic waveguides is investigated via a micromagnetic modeling. The proposed excitation method is relatively simple and easily tunable. The excitation efficiency of the proposed scheme is obtained for different excitation pulse velocities and widths. A coupled waveguide system is also considered. In this case, the spin waves are excited in the first waveguide and then are transferred to the second one due to the dipolar coupling between waveguides. It is also shown that the excitation and transfer of excited spin waves have some limitations related to the dipolar coupling mechanism between the waveguides.
Сучасний стан та інноваційні перспективи новітніх розробок у галузі порошкової металургії та композиційних матеріалів
Authors: Баглюк Геннадій Анатолійович
Published: May 2021

У доповіді наведено найважливіші результати фундаментальних і прикладних досліджень у галузі порошкової металургії та композиційних матеріалів, проведених в Інституті проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України, який протягом багатьох років був і залишається головною організацією в країні, що координує наукову і науково-технічну діяльність у галузі порошкової металургії. Розробки Інституту впроваджено на підприємствах оборонно-промислового комплексу, авіабудівної та ракетно-космічної галузей України. Запропоновано створити на базі Інституту матеріалознавчий центр з оцінювання відповідності та взаємозамінності матеріалів критичного імпорту для задоволення потреб вітчизняних підприємств.
Соціологічний тест «Політичне крісло» для оцінки якостей та діяльності Президента України
Authors: Дембіцький Сергій Сергійович
Published: May 2021

У статті наведено результати застосування соціологічного тесту «Політичне крісло» у репрезентативному опитуванні дорослого населення України. На основі отриманих результатів зроблено висновок про високі показники факторної валідності тесту, оцінено діяльність Володимира Зеленського на посаді Президента України за емоційним, особистісним та професійним критеріями, а також за критеріями наявних та очікуваних досягнень. На цій основі виявлено загальний патерн в оцінках (найвищі оцінки спостерігаються за емоційним критерієм та критерієм очікуваних досягнень, а найнижчі — за професійним критерієм) та три рівні підтримки політика (безумовний, додатковий і можливий).