bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On spacetimes admitting quasi-constant curvature tensor
Authors: Demirbag Sezgin Altay , De Uday Chand , Zengi̇n Füsun Özen
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on a spacetime admitting quasi-constant curvature tensor. Several properties of this spacetime are found. Also, such a spacetime satisfying a critical point equation is analyzed. Considering some special situations of this spacetime, some novel properties of this spacetime are examined. Some remarkable results about these subjects are obtained.
Calibration of European Option Pricing Model in Uncertain Environment Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mehrdoust Farshid , Noorani Idin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology for calibrating European option pricing within the context of uncertain financial markets. Our approach leverages an artificial neural network, where each input neuron corresponds to the option price function derived from the uncertain stock model. We investigate our method against traditional calibration techniques, including those based on uncertain differential equations and the Black–Scholes model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed neural network-based strategy significantly enhances the accuracy and performance of option price calibration, yielding improved results for both in-sample and out-of-sample datasets.
Applications of Lucas-balancing polynomials on a certain families of bi-univalent functions
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Ghali Zainab Swayeh
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we define two families [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of bi-Bazilevič and bi-Ozaki-close-to-convex functions associated with Lucas-balancing polynomials. We demonstrate the upper bounds for the initial Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients. In addition, the Fekete–Szegö type inequalities are derived for functions in these families. Moreover, we indicate certain special cases and consequences for our results.
Eco-Conscious Approach to Synthesizing Aluminum Oxides Using Nonthermal Plasma Technology
Authors: Noori Aiyah S. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Nayef Uday M. , Mohammed Rawaa M.
Published: October 2024

AlO is a prevalent oxide compound composed of aluminum and oxygen, with the chemical formula Al2O3. This study aims to prepare aluminum oxide nanoparticles using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO[Formula: see text] 9H2O through direct exposure to a plasma jet system using argon gas, as plasma is the fourth state of matter and a common effective method. The major study in the preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles, which is a physical method, examines the effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungi. Different methods were used for diagnosis. The X-ray diffraction examination showed an average particle size of 37.8 nm. It was also found through the UV-Vis examination that a surface plasmon resonance was formed at 300 nm with an energy gap value of 4.21 eV. The electron microscope field emission scanning (FE-SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results of biological testing showed that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have high antibacterial and antifungal activity.
From Republic to Emirate: Afghan Transformation and Afghanistan–China Relations
Authors: Zakeria Imran
Published: October 2024

China plays a significant role in Afghan reconstruction through its economic and political leverage. Consecutive Afghan governments have granted China a unique position in their foreign policies. During the Republic era, China’s diplomatic endeavors in Afghanistan primarily focused on addressing security concerns and acting as a broker between the Afghan government and the Taliban. The complete withdrawal of U.S. troops and the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021 presented a new opportunity for China in Afghanistan. While China is eager to monitor security dynamics and access untapped natural resources, the Taliban-led government seeks to gain China’s economic and political support. However, Afghanistan–China relations may lose momentum under the Islamic Emirate, as both sides remain focused on their respective objectives. In the long run, a strategic partnership will be necessary to address China’s security concerns and lay the foundations for Afghanistan’s economic growth. The Taliban government needs to adopt moderate policies conducive to promoting peace, stability, and regional interactions to incentivize Chinese investment in Afghan reconstruction. As a major regional and global power, China can leverage its influence to implement trust-building measures and generate regional consensus to avert a proxy conflict in Afghanistan.
In Silico and Network Pharmacology Approach for Mechanistic Exploration of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Leaf in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jangwan Nitish Singh , Dobhal Swati , Tewari Devesh , Khan Mausin , Singh Mamta F.
Published: October 2024

Rhododendron arboreum Sm. (Burans) (family Ericaceae) has traditionally been used in Indian medicine to treat liver disorders. However, its mechanism against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains elusive. This study utilized in silico methods – network pharmacology, ADMET prediction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for mechanistic exploration of Rhododendron arboreum leaves (RAL) in NAFLD. Bioactive compounds were sourced from open databases and assessed for drug-likeness and ADMET profiles. Network pharmacology identified key protein interactions using the STRING platform. GO analysis identified galactose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and other processes in treating NAFLD. Molecular docking revealed that amyrin and pectolinarigenin had the highest binding affinities, with dock scores of –12.2 kcal/mol (AKR1C3-amyrin), –10.2 kcal/mol (PI3K-amyrin), –9.3 kcal/mol (AKR1C3-pectolinarigenin) and –9.6 kcal/mol (HSD17B1-pectolinarigenin). MD simulations, focusing on RMSD and RMSF analyses, confirmed the stability of these interactions. The RMSD graphs revealed stable binding pocket regions, highlighted in pink. Notably, the RMSF values for PHE (B:306) in the AKR1C3-amyrin complex and ARG (A:294) in the PI3K-amyrin interaction were 0.623 nm and 0.1586 nm, respectively, indicating stable ligand interactions. Our findings holistically clarify toxicity data, potential bioactives targets and molecular mechanisms of RAL against NAFLD, paving the way for future research.
Artistic Practices in the Anthropocene
Authors: Guzzo Marina Souza Lobo , Dias Susana Oliveira , Moraes Alana , Fagundes Guilherme Moura , Ribeiro Walmeri , Alves Kidauane Regina , Taddei Renzo
Published: October 2024

This article reviews Western perspectives—in a fruitful dialogue with non-Western perspectives—on the climate emergency and artistic experiences amid the ongoing debate about futures currently at stake in the climate crisis or climate emergency. Moving beyond the various ways of naming this crisis, we focus on how art can communicate, envision, and activate ways of inhabiting this problem, opening communities to an other-than-human coexistence and reconfiguring matters as we understand them in a geological, natural, or material sense. The analyses indicate that, instead of aiming at a singular solution, multiple exercises and imaginative and speculative avenues of narratives can tell different stories and envision alternative futures. If the climate crisis ignited in the Anthropocene is a shared crisis—both political and aesthetic—then art, inseparable from life and hence nature, holds a crucial role in nurturing care and the potency of imagining other possible worlds.
Assessing the Value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Gastric Mucinous Adenocarcinoma or Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yuyun , Xu Junyan , Qiao Ying , Zhang Ji , Pan Herong , Xu Xiaoping , Song Shaoli
Published: October 2024

68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT showed higher diagnostic accuracy compared with 18F fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in individuals with gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma and demonstrated the potential to improve treatment strategies and predict prognosis.
A Study on the Channel Holes’ Diameter Effects of High-Performance Vertical-Channel Flash Memory Cells
Authors: Yan Zijin , Zhu Huilong , Yang Hong , Li Junjie , Lu Shunshun , Zhang Chenchen , Yang Shuai , Bai Tianyu , Zhao Kaiqiang , Xiang Liang , Zhang Yongkui , Li Junfeng , Luo Jun , Ye T. C.
Published: October 2024

High-performance vertical-channel flash (HVF) memory cells were fabricated on the single crystalline Si (c-Si) sidewalls of the cylindrical deep wells in c-Si substrate. To investigate the diameter effects of the cylindrical deep wells, namely channel holes, on HVF cells, the channel holes with different diameters, ranging from 65 nm to 260 nm, were made. Memory gate stacks of SiO2/Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3/TiN/W were formed by ozone oxidation and then ALD with the deposition thicknesses of 1/5/7/8/2/150 nm, respectively. For the devices with their diameters equal to or greater than 150 nm, their electrical properties, such as Vt, SS, DIBL, and program/erase characteristics, are close. As expected, DIBL and SS become better as the diameter increasing due to better gate control with larger diameter. However, large changes were occurred for the devices with the diameters of 90 nm and 65 nm. A simple model based on cylinder bulk for vertical flash memory devices was presented to obtain an approximate analytical solution for depletion-width and explain our experimental data. For the devices with the diameters of 150 nm, the high On/Off current ratio of 107 and relatively large memory window of 4.5 V were achieved. However, programming/erasing efficiency were degraded with hole diameter decreasing.
Exploring the Consequences of Aggressive Experiences on Psychiatric Nurses: A Real‐Time Assessment Study
Authors: Weltens Irene , Drukker Marjan , Amelsvoort Thérèse van , Domen Patrick , Bak Maarten
Published: October 2024

Aims: Aggression on psychiatric wards is a complex issue with significant consequences for both patients and healthcare providers. This study aimed to investigate the behavioural and emotional consequences of aggressive experiences on nurses working in psychiatric wards both at work and at home as well as the contribution of nurses’ behaviour to the development of aggression.

Methods: This research utilised the experience sampling method (ESM) to collect real‐time data from nurses working in a high intensive care (HIC) unit within a mental health institution in the Netherlands.

Results: The findings revealed that most nurses reported good sleep quality, feeling fit for the day and looking forward to starting their day. These reports were not significantly associated with having a workday ahead or the number of patients admitted. There was a negative association with the number of admitted patients being on or over the maximum bed capacity, although not significant.

There were no statistically significant associations between the answers to the morning questionnaire and the behaviour and emotions of nurses and patients later that day nor the appearance of aggressive incidents. Experiencing an aggressive incident had no influence on the sleep of the nurse later that day, nor on their social behaviour.

Conclusion: This study offers valuable insights into the daily experiences of nurses in psychiatric wards, particularly in relation to aggression. The real‐time data collection by ESM allowed for a nuanced understanding of nurses’ behaviours and emotions. No significant associations were found between nurses’ functioning and aggressive incidents happening on the ward, but this study might have been contextually influenced so that this study mainly highlights the need for further research with larger samples and across multiple wards to draw definitive conclusions.
Impact of Replacing Fish Meal With Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Meal on Diet Acceptability in Juvenile Nile Tilapia: Palatability and Nutritional and Health Considerations for Dietary Preference
Authors: Oliveira Camila Gomes de , Freitas Débora de Almeida , Ribeiro Paula Adriane Perez , Teixeira Rafael Rusth Costa , Silva Rodrigo Fortes da , Gamarano Pedro Gomes , Araújo Renato Duarte de , Prado Verônica Guimarães Landa , Guilherme Helder de Oliveira , Paulino Renan Rosa , Costa Leandro Santos
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two protein sources (black soldier fly [Hermetia illucens] meal [BSFM] vs. fish meal [FM]) on intake target “diet preference” in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by a self‐feeding method (trial 1). Growth, body composition, blood parameters, and immunity genes expression were also evaluated to be correlated with behavioral data (trial 2). Four experimental diets were prepared containing 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% BSFM as a substitute for FM protein, which were considered treatments T0 (control), T33, T66, and T100, respectively. In trial 1 (32 days), 60 juveniles (77.97 ± 8.5 g, standard error of the mean [SEM]) were randomly distributed in 60 aquariums (40 L). Fish were challenged to select among A, T0 vs. T33; B, T0 vs. T66; C, T0 vs. T100; D, T33 vs. T66; E, T33 vs. T100; and F, T66 vs. T100 using two floating food halls per aquarium to provide different diets. In trial 2, 240 juveniles (2.80 ± 0.25 g) were distributed in 16 tanks (40 L). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (T0, T33, T66, and T100) and four replies. Fish were fed (5% body weight [BW]) experimental diets for 2 months. For the trial 1 results, no difference was observed in A, T0 vs. T33 (p > 0.05). Fish were allowed to select conditions B, C, D, E, and F and preferred the diets containing no or low BSFM content: B = T0, C = T0, D = T33, E = T33, and F = T66 (p < 0.05). In trial 2, final weight and daily weight gain had lower values when animals were fed 100% FM replacement with BSFM (p < 0.05). The fish fed T0 showed lower viscerosomatic indices (p < 0.05). Moisture and total protein were higher in the fish fed T0, but protein content did not differ from T33 (p > 0.05). Ethereal extract increased with rising BSFM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in glucose, creatinine, total protein, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) (p > 0.05). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin lowered in fish when increase dietary BSFM (p < 0.05). gpx, il-8, il-10, tnf-α, sod, cat, tlr-1, myd, and nf-κb did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). However, il‐1β expression increased in T0 and T100 (p < 0.05). Diets with up to 66% BSFM did not affect performance of juvenile tilapia. However, fish showed a preference for diet containing 33% BSFM.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tissue Bioengineering Applications in Sheep as Ideal Model
Authors: Muniz Talita D’Paula Tavares Pereira , Rossi Mariana Correa , de Vasconcelos Machado Vânia Maria , Alves Ana Liz Garcia
Published: October 2024

The most common technologies in tissue engineering include growth factor therapies; metal implants, such as titanium; 3D bioprinting; nanoimprinting for ceramic/polymer scaffolds; and cell therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cell therapy is a promising alternative to organ grafts and transplants in the treatment of numerous musculoskeletal diseases. MSCs have increasingly been used in generative medicine due to their specialized self‐renewal, immunomodulation, multiplication, and differentiation properties. To further expand the potential of these cells in tissue repair, significant efforts are currently dedicated to the production of biomaterials with desirable short‐ and long‐term biophysical properties that can aid the differentiation and expansion of MSCs. Biomaterials support MSC differentiation by modulating their characteristics, such as composition, mechanical properties, porosity, and topography. This review aimed to describe recent MSC approaches, including those associated with biomaterials, from experimental, clinical, and preclinical studies with sheep models.
Enhancing System Reliability and Battery Longevity through Integrated Energy Sources and Algorithmic Optimization
Authors: Ying Peng , Shen Xing , Jing Xuzhen
Published: October 2024

This research examines the enhancement of low power electronic systems, such as low power wide area networks (LPWANs), by incorporating a mix of renewable energy sources like solar and wind in China. It addresses the challenges posed by the variability of these sources due to climatic and temporal factors by merging diverse energy harvesting (EH) methods to bolster power stability and availability. The study assesses the most effective combination of solar, wind, and rain EH for steady power supply. A novel algorithm is introduced for energy input management based on real‐time resource availability, with the goal of prolonging battery life by avoiding complete charge or discharge cycles. The feasibility of this multisource approach in possibly reducing the need for extra energy storage is evaluated. The investigation includes simulations using Chinese weather data to explore different combinations of energy sources. A real‐life system utilizing solar and wind energy, guided by the developed algorithm, was also implemented for empirical comparison. Findings suggest that solar and wind energies have a higher power yield than rain harvesting, with actual wind energy collection often falling short of simulated forecasts. The solar–wind energy mix achieves a 99% system availability and facilitates a more compact design owing to their high power density. Although the input‐switching algorithm lessens the frequency of complete battery drainage, a small degree of energy storage is still essential for maintaining system reliability. This integrated EH method, compared to single‐source options, allows for a smaller energy storage requirement. Moreover, the algorithm limits battery charging to 80%, significantly enhancing battery lifespan.
Abstract A045: PSB120, a LILRB2 specific antibody enhances sensitivity to Gemcitabine through an HLA-G independent mechanism
Authors: Peng YuFeng , Munir Annum , Zhang Meijuan
Published: October 2024

The suppressive micro-environment within tumors is partly caused by infiltrating macrophages. Expression of HLA-G on tumor cells and its receptor LILRB2 on tumor macrophages are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Anti LILRB2 antibodies have been developed to block HLA-G and LILRB2 interaction and to promote M1 macrophage differentiation. Whether anti LILRB2 antibody can exert its effect through an HLA-G independent mechanism has not been investigated. Here, we describe PSB120, a fully humanized anti LILRB2 antibody with high affinity to LILRB2 without cross-reactivity to other members of LILR family. PSB120 blocks HLA-G binding with high efficiency. In vitro, PSB120 changes macrophage differentiation by significantly enhancing M1 phenotypes and down-regulating several M2 phenotypes, including enhanced TNF production, down-regulation of CD163 and CD14, and reduced capability of efferocytosis. Interestingly, these activities were observed in both HLA-G blockers and non-blockers, suggesting an HLA-G independent mechanism. We further determined the in vivo efficacy of PSB120 in LILRB2-B3 transgenic mice using syngeneic tumor models. We found PSB120 can be combined with anti-mPD1 to synergistically inhibit the growth of wild type MC38 tumor cells. The synergistic effect of PSB120 is inversely correlated with its Fc receptor binding activity: antibody without FcR binding showed significant activity, whereas those with IgG4 Fc or enhanced Fc binding showed no activity. Furthermore, PSB120 can significantly enhance the activity of Gemcitabine in both MC38 and LLC tumor models in LILRB2-B3 transgenic mice. Since neither MC38 nor LLC tumor cells express HLA-G, these results demonstrated the HLA-G independent mechanism of PSB120. In summary, these findings uncovered an HLA-G independent function of anti LILRB2 antibodies and suggested the potential to broaden their applications in immunotherapy.

Citation Format: YuFeng Peng, Annum Munir, Meijuan Zhang. PSB120, a LILRB2 specific antibody enhances sensitivity to Gemcitabine through an HLA-G independent mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A045.
Table S1 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Clinical cohort characteristics
Figure S7 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Related to Figure 5
Figure S5 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Related to Figure 3
Figure S4 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Related to Figure 3
Figure S2 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Related to Figure 2
Figure 2 from Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T
Authors: Brown Michael C. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Boczkowski David , Kandadi Harini , Sheikh Nadeem , Kornahrens William , Heath Elisabeth I. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Lum Lawrence , Cackowski Frank C. , Boerner Julie , Gunn Michael D. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Nair Smita K.
Published: October 2024

Stronger IFN-β responses to TLR1/2 stimulation associates with longer survival after sip-T therapy. A, HRs ± 95% CIs from a Cox proportional hazards model comparing induction of each cytokine (fold mock control) after TLR1/2 stimulation with PAM3CSK4 for PRIME cohort (left) or KCI cohort (right) vs. survival; *, P < 0.05; arrowheads indicate outlier upper bound CI (KCI cohort only). Supplementary Figure S2A depicts Cox proportional HRs for all treatments and cytokines. B, Survival of patients tested for TLR1/2 responsiveness stratified by median IFN-β induction for PRIME (left) and KCI (right) cohorts; P values are from Mantel–Cox test, HR and 95% CIs are from Mantel–Haenszel test. C, Mean z-scores normalized for each cytokine and treatment were computed for the combined cohort of patients (PRIME and KCI, n = 108), excluding patients that were censored prior to 1,000 days due to incomplete follow-up. Z-scores for patients surviving >1,000 days (n = 47) are shown and reflect enrichment/depletion relative to the broader cohort; asterisk indicates FDR adjusted (within each stimulant group) t test Q < 0.05. D, Fold mock treated MFI values for IFN-β after treatment with TLR1/2 stimulation comparing patients surviving < or > 1,000 days from PRIME (top) or KCI (bottom) subcohorts from C; P values are from unpaired t test and mean + SEM is shown. E, Cox proportional hazards model derived HRs ±95% CI and P values for indicated prognostic features and IFN-β. PSA values were not available for two patients, which were excluded from these analyses (n = 104). See Supplementary Figs. S2 and S3 for extended data. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.
Association between Changes in Preoperative Serum Creatinine and Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jiang Bo , Hao Yi , Yang Haiping , Wang Meiping , Lou Ran , Weng Yibing , Zhen Genshen , Jiang Li
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the impact of preoperative serum creatinine changes on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). This study aimed to investigate the development of AKI in patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who present with an elevation in preoperative serum creatinine. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Preoperative serum creatinine change was calculated as the ratio of the maximum preoperative serum creatinine value to the baseline creatinine (MCR). Patients were categorized into three groups based on MCR: non-elevation (≤1.0), mild elevation (1.0 to 1.5), and pronounced elevation (≥1.5). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of AKI, severe AKI, and non-recovery from AKI. Results: There were significant increases in the odds of AKI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–1.57; per 0.1 increase in MCR), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15–1.41), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16–1.43). Pronounced elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was associated with a higher risk of AKI (adjusted OR, 15.45; 95% CI, 6.63–36.00), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.20–10.87), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.63–13.89) than non-elevation. Mild elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was also significantly associated with AKI (adjusted OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.92–7.37). Conclusions: Elevation in preoperative serum creatinine from baseline was associated with an increased risk of AKI; even mild elevation significantly increased the risk of AKI.
Combined Selective Endovascular Brain Hypothermia with Edaravone Dexborneol versus Edaravone Dexborneol Alone for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SHE): Protocol for a Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Jiang Xin , Chen Lizhang , Wang Jian , Fang Jinghuan , Ma Mengmeng , Zhou Muke , Zheng Hongbo , Hu Fayun , Zhou Dong , He Li
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Selective endovascular brain hypothermia has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective strategy; however, its effectiveness is still not well established. The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the efficacy and safety of selective endovascular brain hypothermia with edaravone dexborneol for endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: The SHE study is a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke who received endovascular treatment within 24 h after stroke onset and achieved successful recanalization will be enrolled and centrally randomized into combined selective endovascular brain hypothermia with edaravone dexborneol or edaravone dexborneol alone groups in a 1:1 ratio (n = 564). Patients allocated to the hypothermia group will receive 300 mL cool saline at 4°C through guiding catheter (30 mL/min) into target vessel within 3 min after recanalization and then receive edaravone dexborneol (edaravone dexborneol 15 mL + NS 100 mL ivgtt bid for 10–14 days) within 24 h after admission. The control group will receive 300 mL 37°C saline (30 mL/min) infused into target vessel through guiding catheter and then receive edaravone dexborneol. All patients enrolled will receive standard care according to current guidelines for stroke management. The primary outcome is the proportion of functional independence, defined as a mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days after randomization. Conclusion: This is a randomized clinical trial with a large sample size to compare combined selective endovascular brain hypothermia and edaravone dexborneol with edaravone dexborneol alone in patients with acute anterior ischemic stroke. The SHE trial aims to provide further evidence of the benefit of selective endovascular brain hypothermia in AIS patients who received endovascular treatment.
Metabolic Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Ejection Fraction
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil , Patel Shachi , Sauer Andrew J. , McGarrah Robert W. , Jones Philip , Kwee Lydia Coulter , Windsor Sheryl L. , Ilkayeva Olga , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Newgard Christopher B. , Borlaug Barry A. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Husain Mansoor , Inzucchi Silvio E. , McGuire Darren K. , Lanfear David E. , Javaheri Ali , Umpierrez Guillermo , Mentz Robert J. , Sharma Kavita , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Shah Svati H.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Mechanisms of benefit with SGLT2is (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors) in heart failure (HF) remain incompletely characterized. Dapagliflozin alters ketone and fatty acid metabolism in HF with reduced ejection fraction though similar effects have not been observed in HF with preserved ejection fraction. We explore whether metabolic effects of SGLT2is vary across the left ventricular ejection fraction spectrum and their relationship with cardiometabolic end points in 2 randomized trials of dapagliflozin in HF.

METHODS:

Metabolomic profiling of 61 metabolites was performed in 527 participants from DEFINE-HF (Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms and Functional Status in Patients With HF With Reduced Ejection Fraction) and PRESERVED-HF (Dapagliflozin in PRESERVED Ejection Fraction HF; 12-week, placebo-controlled trials of dapagliflozin in HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction, respectively). Linear regression was used to assess changes in principal components analysis–defined metabolite factors with treatment from baseline to 12 weeks, as well as the relationship between changes in metabolite clusters and HF-related end points.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 66±11 years, 43% were female, and 33% were self-identified as Black. Two principal components analysis–derived metabolite factors (which were comprised of ketone and short-/medium-chain acylcarnitines) increased with dapagliflozin compared with placebo. Ketosis (defined as 3-hydroxybutyrate >500 μM) was achieved in 4.5% with dapagliflozin versus 1.2% with placebo (
P
=0.03). There were no appreciable treatment effects on amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids. Increases in several acylcarnitines were consistent across LVEF (
P
interaction
>0.10), whereas the ketogenic effect diminished at higher LVEF (
P
interaction
=0.01 for 3-hydroxybutyrate). Increases in metabolites reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction (particularly long-chain acylcarnitines) and aromatic amino acids and decreases in branched-chain amino acids were associated with worse HF-related outcomes in the overall cohort, with consistency across treatment and LVEF.

CONCLUSIONS:

SGLT2is demonstrate common (fatty acid) and distinct (ketogenic) metabolic signatures across the LVEF spectrum. Changes in key pathways related to fatty acid and amino acid metabolism are associated with HF-related end points and may serve as therapeutic targets across HF subtypes.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifiers: NCT03030235 and NCT02653482
EPHB4-RASA1 Inhibition of PIEZO1 Ras Activation Drives Lymphatic Valvulogenesis
Authors: Chen Di , Tang Yipei , Lapinski Philip E. , Wiggins David , Sevick Eva M. , Davis Michael J. , King Philip D.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

EPHB4 (ephrin receptor B4) and the RASA1 (p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein) are necessary for the development of lymphatic vessel (LV) valves. However, precisely how EPHB4 and RASA1 regulate LV valve development is unknown. In this study, we examine the mechanisms by which EPHB4 and RASA1 regulate the development of LV valves.

METHODS:

We used LV-specific inducible EPHB4-deficient mice and EPHB4 knockin mice that express a form of EPHB4 that is unable to bind RASA1 yet retains protein tyrosine kinase activity (EPHB4 2YP) to study the role of EPHB4 and RASA1 in LV valve development in the embryo and LV valve maintenance in adults. We also used human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro to study the role of EPHB4 and RASA1 as regulators of LV valve specification induced by oscillatory shear stress, considered the trigger for LV valve specification in vivo.

RESULTS:

LV valve specification, continued valve development postspecification, and LV valve maintenance were blocked upon induced loss of EPHB4 in LV. LV valve specification and maintenance were also impaired in EPHB4 2YP mice. Defects in LV valve development were reversed by inhibition of the Ras-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. In human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells, loss of expression of EPHB4 or its ephrin b2 ligand, loss of expression of RASA1, and inhibition of physical interaction between EPHB4 and RASA1 resulted in dysregulated oscillatory shear stress–induced Ras-MAPK activation and impaired expression of LV specification markers that could be rescued by Ras-MAPK pathway inhibition. The same results were observed when human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells were stimulated with the Yoda1 agonist of the PIEZO1 oscillatory shear stress sensor. Although Yoda1 increased the number of LV valves when administered to wild-type embryos, it did not increase LV valve number when administered to EPHB4 2YP embryos.

CONCLUSIONS:

EPHB4 is necessary for LV valve specification, continued valve development postspecification, and valve maintenance. LV valve specification requires physical interaction between EPHB4 and RASA1 to limit activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway in lymphatic endothelial cells. Specifically, EPHB4-RASA1 physical interaction is necessary to dampen Ras-MAPK activation induced through the PIEZO1 oscillatory shear stress sensor. These findings reveal the mechanism by which EPHB4 and RASA1 regulate the development of LV valves.
Self-supervised representation learning for nerve fiber distribution patterns in 3D-PLI
Authors: Oberstrass Alexander , Muenzing Sascha E.A. , Niu Meiqi , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola , Schiffer Christian , Axer Markus , Amunts Katrin , Dickscheid Timo
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the organizational principles in the human brain requires, among other factors, well-quantifiable descriptors of nerve fiber architecture. Three-dimensional polarized light imaging (3D-PLI) is a microscopic imaging technique that enables insights into the fine-grained organization of myelinated nerve fibers with high resolution. Descriptors characterizing the fiber architecture observed in 3D-PLI would enable downstream analysis tasks such as multimodal correlation studies, clustering, and mapping. However, best practices for observer-independent characterization of fiber architecture in 3D-PLI are not yet available. To this end, we propose the application of a fully data-driven approach to characterize nerve fiber architecture in 3D-PLI images using self-supervised representation learning. We introduce a 3D-Context Contrastive Learning (CL-3D) objective that utilizes the spatial neighborhood of texture examples across histological brain sections of a 3D reconstructed volume to sample positive pairs for contrastive learning. We combine this sampling strategy with specifically designed image augmentations to gain robustness to typical variations in 3D-PLI parameter maps. The approach is demonstrated for the 3D reconstructed occipital lobe of a vervet monkey brain. We show that extracted features are highly sensitive to different configurations of nerve fibers, yet robust to variations between consecutive brain sections arising from histological processing. We demonstrate their practical applicability for retrieving clusters of homogeneous fiber architecture, performing classification with minimal annotations and query-based retrieval of characteristic components of fiber architecture such as U-fibers.
Stress, Adaptation and Causal Pathways to Mental Health Disparities
Authors: Maltseva Kateryna
Published: October 2024

The present article addresses the evolutionary dimension of stress process, specifically focusing on the conceptual division into ontologically ‘ancient’ and ‘modern’ stressors. A study conducted in Kyiv, Ukraine (n = 208) in 2020 examined the relationships between both stressor types and measures of short- and long-term mental health outcomes for both positive and negative sides of mental health spectrum. Three empirical observations are noted. (1) Modern stressors but not ancient stressors had a significant effect on depression measure, despite being rated as less severe stressors by the participants. (2) Neither type of stressors was found to affect flourishing. (3) High current socioeconomic status and high degree of social cohesion attenuated the effects of modern stressors (but not that of ancient stressors) on depression; at the same time, socioeconomic status did not diminish the participants’ perceived stress levels. The theoretical implications for the adaptationist perspective on stress, mental health and health disparities are discussed.
BBNJ Agreement and Intellectual Property Implications for Marine Genetic Resources Management in ABNJ
Authors: Taghizadeh Zakieh , Asgarian Hoda
Published: October 2024

The new landmark BBNJ Treaty (Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement) emphasises applying the notion of ‘common heritage of humankind’ to conserve and sustainably use marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Existing regulatory gaps and loopholes in international law, biodiversity law, and intellectual property rights (IPR) hinder sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources (MGRs). Effective management of MGR-based patents and digital sequence information is essential for regulating access to and use of biological materials. To foster innovation and regulate bioprospecting, a sui generis IPR regime for inventions derived from ABNJ genetic resources is necessary, potentially including regulations on MGR discoveries. This article argues that IPR considerations significantly impact commercialisation, monetary benefit-sharing from MGR utilisation, as well as the regulation of digital sequence information, capacity-building, technology transfer, and marine scientific research in ABNJ.
De-mythologizing Social Work Education: Ivan Illich Revisited
Authors: Baldwin Clive , LIU Qilin
Published: October 2024

Social work presents itself as a social justice profession, being concerned with the empowerment and liberation of people. Here, we argue that social work as it is instituted in programs of higher education, shares the same assumptions of need, scarcity, and la Technique as the society it criticizes, and is an iatrogenic radical monopoly. We critique these assumptions in relation to social work and social work education and then discuss the Illichian concept of conviviality on the basis of which we make suggestions for reform.
“Locked Out” of China: International Higher Education Students experiences with Involuntary Immobility during Covid-19
Authors: Hollings Stephanie , Green Benjamin J.
Published: October 2024

This article utilizes a dual-pronged aspirations-capabilities framework to highlight the experiences of international students that were “locked out” of China during the extent of the Covid-19 pandemic. This participatory action research (par) was conceived and supported through the collective efforts of an online student support group labelled “Students outside of China”. Through the process of collective institutional redress, students volunteered to have their experiences with involuntary immobility documented and presented within a published manuscript. As such, this research utilizes data garnered from questionnaires and in-depth interviews to answer questions of how pandemic-borne involuntary immobility impacted the ism aspirations/capabilities of China’s “locked out” ihe student population, as well as how this influenced their subsequent perceptions of China and its system of education.
The sculptor and the sculptress
Authors: Mattison Elizabeth Rice
Published: October 2024

The production of sculpture in the early modern Low Countries was gendered as masculine. Seventeenth-century writings about sculptors as well as mythological representations of the artform advanced this masculine notion of carving and casting. Construed as a physical craft, sculpture seemed to necessitate a strong laborer. Nevertheless, women including Anna Maria van Schurman and Maria Faydherbe earned accolades as well as notoriety for their carved works. This chapter argues that the gendered conception of sculpting presented a barrier to entry for the small number of women who worked in stone and wood; they countered this construction of production, however, in subverting expectations about their bodies, self-image, and behaviors. In transgressing conventions of femininity, women could succeed as sculptors in the Low Countries.
Weaving a business
Authors: Beerens Rudy Jos
Published: October 2024

This article sheds new light on the agency of women in the early modern tapestry industry by zooming in on the Amsterdam tapestry producer Clara de Hont (1664–1751). Like most women involved in tapestry making, De Hont’s history was long overshadowed by that of the men around her. She was often referred to solely as the wife or widow of Alexander Baert, with much of her art misattributed to him. This contribution breaks with this androcentric focus. Using new archival findings, it describes De Hont’s role in the establishment and management of her family’s workshop and explores the artistic and entrepreneurial choices she made to keep her business afloat. In addition, De Hont’s situation is compared to that of other women in the tapestry industry in order to emphasize the diversity of strategies that women had to use to carve out spaces for themselves and survive in a male-dominated field.
We could hardly refuse them
Authors: de Vries Anneke
Published: October 2024

The artist Alida Pott (1888–1931) was one of the key members of the Groninger Kunstkring (Groningen artists’ association) De Ploeg in the first years after its foundation in 1918. This contribution discusses the position of Pott and the small number of other female members within De Ploeg in the context of the usually limited role played by women in artists’ societies elsewhere in the Netherlands in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. De Ploeg’s open-mindedness towards its female members, and the prominence of women in a variety of cultural institutions in Groningen in general at this time, is linked to the local liberal political climate. Pott’s disappearance from view after just a few years in the spotlight is usually (and convincingly) explained by the fact she simultaneously pursued a career as an art teacher, while married to fellow De Ploeg member George Martens and raising two children. However, it also prompts questions about the way female artists were treated even in a comparatively emancipated setting.
Different Catch-Up Growth Patterns in Very Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Li Yang , Wen Jialin , Jiang Qianqian , Cui Hong
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to describe the growth pattern in preterm infants and identify factors influencing catch-up growth. A total of 288 preterm infants were divided into groups based on the degree of prematurity, sex, and size for gestational age. Growth in head circumference, length, weight-for-length, and weight was compared between groups at corrected age of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for catch-up growth. At a corrected age of 24 months, the proportions of preterm infants with z-scores less than −2 for head circumference, length, weight-for-length, and weight were less than the expected 2.3% at 0.9%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. The head circumference, length, weight-for-length, and weight z-scores at corrected ages of 24 months were lower in the small for gestational age (SGA) group than in the non-SGA group ( P < .05). The weight-for-length z-scores were higher in the late preterm birth infants than in the very preterm birth infants at a corrected age of 24 months ( P < .05). At a corrected age 24 months, the proportion of male with weight z-scores <−2 was lower than that of female ( P < .05). The differences in proportion of the z-scores (head circumference, length, weight-for-length, and weight) <−2 at a corrected age of 24 months among different gestational age groups and intrauterine growth status groups were not statistically significant ( P > .05). We found that the factors influencing catch-up growth in preterm infants varied at different corrected age stages, and the impact of factors during hospitalization gradually diminished as the infants grew.
Path planning of mobile robot based on improved PRM and APF
Authors: Xi Wanqiang , Lin Junzhi , Shao Ziyan
Published: October 2024

In the field of mobile robot path planning, the artificial potential field (APF) method has been widely researched and applied due to its intuitiveness and efficiency. However, the APF algorithm often encounters challenges such as local minima and unreachable goals in complex environments. To address these issues, this paper proposes innovative path planning algorithm that integrates the advantages of the probabilistic roadmaps method (PRM), by introducing Sobol sampling and elliptical constraints to enhance PRM. The improved PRM not only reduces redundant nodes but also enhances the quality of sampling points. Furthermore, this paper uses the path nodes from the improved PRM as virtual target points for the APF algorithm, and effectively solves the inherent flaws of the APF algorithm through the segmented processing of the attractive force function and the introduction of a relative distance factor in the repulsive force function. Simulation results show that the algorithm reduces planning time, node count, and path length, demonstrate significant improvements in efficiency and performance. In addition, experiments with omnidirectional mobile robots further confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm in practical applications.