bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capture Fish Value Chain Study in Yobe State, Northeast Nigeria: A panacea for sustainable development
Authors: S.M Umar, , M Galadima , I.J Grema,
Published: November 2024

The study examined fish value chain in Yobe state Northeast Nigeria. Value addition, profitability, efficiency in marketing and structure of the fish markets were assessed using data elicited in 2023 from 640 respondents. Four Local Government Areas in the state (Bade, Geidam, Jakusko and Nguru) prominent in capture fish production were purposively selected for the study. Six major value chain actors were identified and value added per Kg of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was higher for fish processors (319.3/Kg) while, processed fish marketers had highest marketing efficiency (321.8%). Similarly, raw fish marketers received the highest marketing margin (20.63%) and the gross margin for artisanal fishermen was 272.5/Kg and on average a total 22,891.8 per day. The study revealed that, products flow was less complex from fishing points to consumption and that the values of Gini Coefficient indicated a monopolistic completion in both fresh/raw fish and processor markets. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that fisheries sub sector in Yobe state had the potential of creating more employment opportunities, increase per capital income/GDP and sustained economic development. It was therefore recommended that, more effort should be intensified by relevant stakeholders to enhance the value addition at every node of the chain and there should be policy to maintain the existing fishing sites (rivers) and to also explore other potential areas
Advanced ECG Monitoring: Machine Learning And Robotics For Real-Time Health Management
Authors: Syeda Rabiya Mohammadi , Khan Fahat Bar , Siddiqui Nimra Ali , Mohiuddin Syed Kaif
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely used diagnostic tool for detecting various heart conditions, including arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. However, manual analysis of ECG signals is often subjective, time-consuming, and prone to variability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a comprehensive system that integrates an Arduino-based ECG acquisition module with neural networks for automatic analysis and a robotic system for autonomous sensor placement and intervention. The main objective is to create a smart, real-time ECG monitoring and Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system capable of early detection and management of heart diseases. The system utilizes machine learning and deep learning techniques to enhance diagnostic accuracy, focusing on implementing a neural network model for ECG classification. A robotic arm is also integrated into the system to ensure precise sensor placement and emergency response
Dynamics Of Solar Wind And Cosmic Ray Interactions At The Edge Of Interstellar Space: Insights From Voyager 1 And IBEX Data Analysis
Authors: P D Premlal.
Published: November 2024

This research paper investigates the relationship between solar wind intensity and cosmic ray flux in the outer heliosphere, utilizing data from Voyager 1 and the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). Voyager 1’s measurements beyond the heliopause, where the solar wind significantly weakens, show a marked increase in cosmic ray intensities, suggesting that solar wind acts as a modulating force. Meanwhile, IBEX's all-sky maps of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) offer complementary data, demonstrating how the solar wind interacts with the interstellar medium at the boundary of the solar system. By analyzing the inverse correlation between solar wind strength and cosmic ray penetration into the heliosphere, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes occurring at the solar system’s edge. The combined data from these missions not only enhance our understanding of space weather but also provide valuable insights into the broader interaction between the heliosphere and the interstellar medium. This research underscores the significance of continuous monitoring and multi-mission data integration for advancing our understanding of cosmic ray modulation and solar wind behavior in the outer reaches of the solar system.
The Influence Of Accounting On Fundraising In Civil Society Organizations: A Theoretical And Practical Approach
Authors: Pinheiro Ian Blois , Júnior Francinaldo Santos Da Costa
Published: November 2024

This article explores the influence of accounting on the fundraising process for civil society organizations (CSOs), emphasizing its strategic importance for financial sustainability. Through an in-depth analysis of literature and theoretical approaches, the study identifies the main challenges faced by CSOs in obtaining funding, including compliance with accounting standards, transparency in financial statements and communication of their social impacts. It highlights that robust accounting practices are essential for building funders' trust, boosting donations and maximizing efficiency in the use of resources. The article also examines emerging accounting strategies aimed at donors, who seek clear and reliable information on how their social investments are managed. We conclude that the application of improved accounting practices can significantly improve the credibility of CSOs, facilitating fundraising and building long-term partnerships. This research contributes to filling theoretical and practical gaps, providing guidelines for CSO managers and accountants seeking to strengthen their financial strategies and improve their relationships with donors and social investors
Role of Management Accounting in Financial Management in Agribusiness
Authors: Guimarães Felipe , Miranda José Fernando Bezerra , Goulart Maria Joaquina Barbosa
Published: November 2024

In the business environment, the present work aims to point out the role of Management Accounting in the management of the company, defined as a fundamental tool in the decision-making process within organizations. To analyze the information generated that helps managers achieve organizational objectives, answers to the following problem were sought: What are the benefits of adopting Management Accounting in business management? In search of an answer, the objective was to identify the benefits of Management Accounting within the business management model. The methodology used in this work was field study and bibliographic research. Through a structured interview, 10 questionnaires were applied, consisting of 8 objective questions, directed to accountants and administrators or professionals responsible for management, in companies from different market branches. For the survey of the company's practical information to be confronted with the theoretical knowledge related to the subject. The results showed that Management Accounting together with management is a fundamental tool in the decision-making process
Effects Of Learning Capabilities On Supply Chain Performance Of Manufacturing Firms In Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Gituiya Ann , Kimitei Edwin , Limo Patrick
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of the study was establish the effects of learning capabilities on supply chain performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by Resource Based View Theory. The study adopted explanatory research design. The study targeted a population of 750 registered manufacturing firms in Nairobi. The sample size is of the study was 261 procurement managers. The study used questionnaire as the main data collection instruments to collect primary data. Quantitative data collected using the questionnaires for all the objectives were analysed using descriptive statistics that is frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Frequency tables were used to present the findings in relation to the objectives of the study. The inferential statistics used in this study were correlation and regression models. The study findings indicated that learning capabilities and supply chain performance of manufacturing firms had a positive strong and statistically significant correlation (r= 0.743; p<0.05). This implies that information sharing within departments enhances supply chain performance. The study concluded that leveraging learning capabilities, manufacturing firms can adapt to evolving market dynamics, anticipate changes in customer demands, and optimize their supply chain operations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the dynamic business landscape. The study recommends that manufacturing firms should ensure there exist proper company policy for sharing information within the company
Estrategias De Colaboración Entre Productores Colombianos Y Retailers Internacionales Para La Expansión Global De Productos Un Enfoque En La Internacionalización Competitiva
Authors: Vásquez Manuel Antonio Pérez
Published: November 2024

Antecedentes: Las alianzas entre productores colombianos y retailers extranjeros presentan oportunidades significativas para la internacionalización, aprovechando la importancia y diversidad del sector retail. El propósito central del artículo es el de analizar la alianza directa entre productores colombianos y retailers extranjeras. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación adoptó un enfoque mixto, combinando técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas de investigación y apoyo de material bibliográfico para abordar de manera integral el análisis del sector retail en Colombia y su relación con la internacionalización de productos a través de alianzas estratégicas. Resultados: Las alianzas estratégicas entre productores y la retail extranjera posibilita la expansión de los productos nacionales en el mercado mundial y, además, incrementa sus márgenes y ganancias para esos proveedores. Ambas partes se benefician de estos logros, ya que tienen como objetivo globalizar un producto de alta calidad que esté bien aceptado en el mercado extranjero y respaldo logístico eficiente para su entrega al consumidor final. Conclusión: Estas alianzas entre productores colombianos y los retail, no solo han facilitado la expansión en mercados extranjeros, sino que también han mejorado la rentabilidad y el posicionamiento de las marcas involucradas. No obstante, el éxito de estas colaboraciones depende de una planificación cuidadosa, una logística eficiente, y un compromiso con la calidad y la sostenibilidad. Estas alianzas representan una oportunidad clave para potenciar la competitividad global de productos nacionales, siempre que se adopten las estrategias adecuadas para enfrentar los desafíos y maximizar los beneficios de la internacionalización.
O Uso De Energias Verdes Nas Empresas: Perspectivas Para Uma Governança Social, Ambiental E Corporativa
Authors: Martins Miriam Souza , Silva Álesson Rocha , Ayoub Julianno Pizzano , Ferraz Augusta Da Rocha Loures , Ribeiro Steve Biko Menezes Hora Alves
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o uso de energias verdes em empresas brasileiras, analisando suas implicações para a governança social, ambiental e corporativa. Adotou-se uma abordagem exploratória e qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com 17 gestores de diferentes empresas, selecionados por conveniência. Os resultados indicaram que a transição para energias renováveis não apenas reduz custos operacionais, mas também melhora a imagem da empresa, embora desafios como resistência interna e limitações financeiras sejam comuns. A análise dos dados revelou temas como a dualidade entre desafios e oportunidades, a importância do engajamento da equipe e o papel das políticas públicas como incentivo à adoção de práticas sustentáveis. A conclusão enfatiza que, apesar das barreiras, a implementação de energias verdes é uma estratégia vantajosa que contribui para a sustentabilidade e a competitividade das empresas, destacando a necessidade de apoio a pequenas empresas para facilitar essa transição
The Strategic Recruitment Process And Its Impacts On Achieving Organizational Objectives: Bibliographic Review
Authors: Nascimento Raul Gonçalves Da Cunha Barbosa Do , Marcon Gilberto Brandão , Neto Joaquim M. F. Antunes
Published: November 2024

Background: Strategic recruitment is a planned process that aligns hiring practices with the organization's longterm goals. Unlike traditional recruitment, which focuses on filling vacancies momentarily, strategic recruitment seeks to identify and attract talent that contributes to the achievement of organizational goals and the sustainable growth of the company. This approach includes analyzing the organization's future needs and devising a plan that ensures the talent needed to meet its long-term goals is available. Materials and Methods: This study consists of a narrative review of the literature that explores the understanding of how strategic recruitment, by being aligned with organizational objectives, can bring more benefits to the company. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the findings, theories, and practical applications relevant to the topic, using diverse academic and scientific sources to support the arguments presented. Results: The results address the effectiveness and impacts of strategic recruitment practices on performance and the achievement of organizational objectives. It was analyzed how the integration of well-defined strategies in the recruitment process optimizes the selection of talents and aligns the skills of new employees with the company's strategic goals and needs. Through data analysis and recent studies, it was possible to understand the importance of a strategic approach in recruitment, highlighting its influence on productivity, innovation, and organizational competitiveness. The results presented indicate the best practices and challenges faced by companies in the search for recruitment that supports and enhances their long-term goals. Conclusion: The study suggests that there is significant room for future research in the area of strategic recruitment. Additional studies can explore how different organizational contexts and sectors influence the effectiveness of recruitment practices and how these practices can be adapted to maximize their impact. It is therefore necessary to continue research on how to integrate new technologies effectively into recruitment, while maintaining a balance between efficiency and human interaction
Abordagens Inovadoras Na Reconstrução Facial PósTrauma: Técnicas Cirúrgicas E Avanços Tecnológicos
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Vinícius Vieira De
Published: November 2024

A reconstrução facial pós-trauma tem avançado significativamente com a incorporação de novas técnicas cirúrgicas e tecnologias emergentes. Este progresso é evidente na adoção de materiais biocompatíveis, que garantem melhores resultados de integração e regeneração, e na utilização de impressões 3D, que permitem a personalização de próteses e moldes cirúrgicos. A tecnologia de bioimpressão 3D também tem desempenhado um papel crucial na criação de modelos anatômicos precisos, facilitando a personalização dos procedimentos e garantindo resultados mais naturais e esteticamente superiores (Rodrigues et al., 2020). Além disso, o desenvolvimento da cirurgia robótica assistida representa um grande avanço para a precisão das intervenções. Essas tecnologias proporcionam maior controle dos movimentos e reduzem o trauma nos tecidos adjacentes, contribuindo para a redução do tempo de recuperação e melhorando os resultados funcionais e estéticos (Oliveira & Mendes, 2022). No contexto da reconstrução facial, o uso de dispositivos robóticos tem sido aplicado em procedimentos minimamente invasivos, o que minimiza as cicatrizes e acelera o retorno dos pacientes às atividades normais (Martins, 2021). Entre as técnicas cirúrgicas mais comuns, destaca-se o uso de enxertos ósseos autólogos, em que o osso do próprio paciente é utilizado para substituir estruturas danificadas. Embora essa abordagem seja considerada o padrão-ouro na reconstrução facial, devido à sua biocompatibilidade e menor risco de rejeição, os avanços recentes em biomateriais sintéticos têm ampliado as opções disponíveis, oferecendo alternativas viáveis para casos em que a obtenção de enxertos autólogos não é possível ou desejável (Carvalho & Silva, 2019). Este artigo discute como essas inovações têm contribuído para transformar a cirurgia reconstrutiva facial, melhorando significativamente os resultados para os pacientes em termos de estética e funcionalidade. No entanto, é importante reconhecer que ainda existem desafios a serem superados, como o alto custo dessas tecnologias e a necessidade de capacitação especializada para cirurgiões (Santos et al., 2020). A pesquisa contínua e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias emergentes, como a bioimpressão de tecidos vivos e a nanotecnologia, prometem melhorar ainda mais os resultados no futuro da reconstrução facial
Factors Influencing Outsourcing Of Valuation Services By Financial Institutions In Lagos State
Authors: A. A Adewole, , Babajide Ojo , S. P Akinbogun,
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the factors that influence outsourcing of valuation by Financial Institutions (FI) in Lagos State, this with a view to enhance valuation services delivery. Primary data used for the study were obtained from the questionnaires administered on 101 financial institutions found within the scope of well-structured financial institutions and accessed through their head offices. A total of 78 questionnaires were retrieved and found useable for this study. The data were analyzed with the aid of inferential statistics such as mean rating using 5 points Likert scale. The study showed that ‘’ Reduce Management burden’’, ‘’ Allow Management to concentrate on core business’’, and ‘’Improve Accountability’’ are the top three related factors influencing outsourcing of Valuation services while ‘’to improve quality of work’’, ’to improve speed of work’’ and ‘’ to improve productivity’’ are the three least factors influencing valuation outsourcing and are even insignificant as the least three have mean rating less than 2.5. The study concluded that Estate Valuers are not known for quality work, in other word Estate Surveyors and Valuers are engaged by FI not really to improve quality of work, improve speed of work or to improve productivity but for FI to be able to concentrate on the core business. It is therefore essential for Estate Valuer to improve on their quality and speed of their work so as to enhance desired productivity for them to be able to compete favourably with their counterpart in the developed nations. The efficient service delivery will add value to financial institutions operations, better the lot of stakeholders and subsequently improve national economy
Project Management Practices And E-Goverment Performance In Kenya Trade Portal
Authors: Gachuru Julius Thuo , Muluka Dr. Kevin
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the global landscape has witnessed a transformative shift towards digitalization, with governments increasingly turning to electronic platforms to enhance service delivery and efficiency. Within this context, the implementation and success of e-government projects have become pivotal for nations striving to harness the benefits of technology in public administration. The Kenya Trade Portal stands as a noteworthy example of such initiatives, reflecting the nation's commitment to leveraging digital solutions for trade facilitation. The general objective of this study was to assess the effect of project management practices on egovernment project performance: a case of Kenya Trade Portal. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of technological integration, stakeholder involvement, monitoring and evaluation, and risk management on the performance of Kenya Trade Portal. The study made use of primary data using structured questionnaires. An explanatory research design was adopted. The target population included all the 125 employees of the Kenya Trade portal from the various departments and fields. The collected primary data was analyzed descriptively by use of means and standard deviation and inferentially by use of correlation and regression analyses. The study found that technological integration had a significant positive effect on project performance Stakeholder involvement also significantly influenced project performance. Furthermore, the study revealed that monitoring and evaluation had a positive and significant impact on project performance. Risk management was found to have the strongest effect on project performance. The model indicated that the project management practices studied were highly influential in determining the success of the Kenya Trade Portal. In conclusion, the study confirms that project management practices play a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of e-government projects like the Kenya Trade Portal. The study recommends that project managers prioritize continuous technological upgrades, engage stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle, establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems, and adopt comprehensive risk management strategies to further enhance project outcomes.
Creative Industries And Economic Value: A Review Of Innovation, Impact, And Policy Support
Authors: Parekh Natasha
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive review of creative industries, examining their economic impact, innovation potential, and policy frameworks across different national contexts. Drawing from recent research and official reports, it analyzes how creative industries have evolved from traditional cultural activities to become significant drivers of economic growth and innovation in the digital age. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple countries, showing that creative industries demonstrate significant economic contributions, with the UK creative sector contributing £108 billion in GVA and employing 2.3 million people, while countries like South Korea and China report contributions of 6.3% and 4.3% to their respective GDPs. The findings of the review reveal that while creative industries show substantial positive economic impacts, including employment generation and revenue growth, their effects vary across regions and contexts. The paper highlights this sector's crucial role in driving innovation, particularly through digital transformation and new business model development. The paper also examines the critical role of cultural policy in supporting creative industries, finding that countries with dedicated creative industry policies have seen significant increases in sector employment over the past five years. The findings suggest that understanding the multifaceted nature of creative industries is crucial for developing effective policies and support mechanisms in both developed and emerging economies. This review contributes to the literature by providing a systematic analysis of recent developments in creative industries while identifying gaps in current research and suggesting future research directions for the development of creative industries in emerging economies.
“Navigating The High-Stress World Of IT: Strategies For Managing Work Pressure”
Authors: Nair Mrs Dhanya
Published: November 2024

The IT industry is characterized by rapid change and high demands, often resulting in significant stress for professionals. The fast-paced and demanding nature of the IT industry often leads to significant work-related stress. The IT industry is marked by high levels of stress due to rapid technological advancements, demanding project timelines, and the complexity of problem-solving. Professionals face the challenge of continuous learning to keep pace with evolving technologies while managing the expectations for immediate results. The omnipresence of connectivity exacerbates work-life balance issues, often leading to burnout. Additionally, the pressure to ensure cybersecurity and navigate team dynamics adds further strain. This article explores these stressors, highlighting their impact on IT professionals and emphasizing the need for effective coping strategies to foster resilience and well-being in a high-pressure environment. This article also offers practical strategies for managing work-related pressure. Key approaches include prioritizing tasks, establishing boundaries, and fostering open communication within teams. Stress management techniques such as mindfulness, physical activity, and continuous skill development are emphasized as vital for maintaining well-being. By adopting these strategies, IT professionals can enhance their resilience, boost productivity, and cultivate a healthier work-life balance, effectively navigating the complexities of their fast-paced field
Logística Urbana: Os Principais Desafios E Soluções Na Atualidade
Authors: Cruz Nayandra Rodrigues Da , Barros Esdras Augusto Carvalho , Lima Orlem Pinheiro De , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , Filho Wlademir Leite Correia , Diniz Paulo César
Published: November 2024

A logística urbana é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das cidades, visando solucionar problemas relacionados ao crescimento populacional, aumento da circulação de carros, ´preocupação com o meio ambiente, como também almejando a otimização da distribuição de mercadorias, e facilitar a mobilidade das pessoas. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e bibliográfica, visando apresentar o conceito de logística urbana, destacando a sua importância para os contextos urbanos, abordando os princípios de sustentabilidade, dinâmicas das cidades, mobilidade urbana, e os principais desafios logísticos. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado, constatou-se que, a logística urbana é essencial para manter as cidades modernas a funcionar sem problemas e satisfazer as crescentes exigências dos consumidores urbanos
Aggressive Earnings Management And Stakeholders Protection In Profit Listed Organizations
Authors: Olatunde Durowoju, Abdulrauf , David Olalere Mayowa , Dare Ijaduola Anuoluwapo , Hammed Adesina Biola , Festus Adegbie, Folajimi
Published: November 2024

Investors want to know that their interests come first, thus they place a high value on the public perception of the companies in which they have invested. The problem of stock market and share price performance, which is a major concern for shareholders and investors in the Nigerian capital market and indeed any other stock markets, is unpredictable. This study investigated the relationship between aggressive earnings management and shareholders' interest in profitable publicly listed corporations. The study employed an ex-post facto research design. The population of the research consisted of 35 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2020. Purposive Sampling technique was adopted to select 10 companies from 2011- 2020. Data were obtained from publicly available yearly reports, and they were certified by the NSE and outside auditors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the data using regression analysis. According to the findings, aggressive profits management had no discernible effect on business protection (FStat (2,97)=11.994, p > 0.05, Adj R2=0.43), but it had a discernible effect on creditors' protection (F- Stat (2,97)=2.74, p <0.05, Adj R2=0.39). In contrast, based on the study's findings, it was advised that management of businesses develop measures to help increase their profitability, which would in turn have an effect on shareholders' return on equity and earnings per share. Significant relationships between discretionary accruals, unusual production costs, and irregular levels of operational cash flow and stakeholders' interest in profit-listed firms were discovered. Second, business owners should use profits measurement methods that have been validated via testing on a global scale, like the numerous indicators included in this study that were gleaned from accounting and finance literature
Cryptocurrency: A Global Need To Make One World, One Currency
Authors: Verma Praveen Kumar
Published: November 2024

The idea of cryptocurrency as a global currency has garnered significant attention in recent years, with proponents arguing that it could revolutionise the global financial system. This paper examines the potential of cryptocurrencies to serve as a global unified currency. By exploring the benefits of decentralisation, financial inclusion, and cost-efficient transactions, this research analyses how cryptocurrencies could simplify crossborder transactions and address economic disparities. However, critical challenges such as volatility, regulatory uncertainties, and technological barriers remain impediments to the widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies as a global standard. This study evaluates the prospects of a single cryptocurrency-based global economy and offers recommendations for overcoming key hurdles.
Catalytic Oxo/Imido Heterometathesis by a Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Titanium Imido Complex
Authors: Zhizhko Pavel A. , Pichugov Andrey V. , Bushkov Nikolai S. , Allouche Florian , Zhizhin Anton A. , Zarubin Dmitry N. , Ustynyuk Nikolai A.
Published: June 2018

Grafting Ti(=NtBu)(Me2Pyr)2(py)2 (Me2Pyr= 2,5‐dimethylpyrrolyl, py=pyridine) onto the surface of silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C gives the well‐defined silica‐supported Ti imido complex (≡SiO)Ti(=NtBu)(Me2Pyr)(py)2, which is fully characterized by IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental and mass balance analyses. While stoichiometric imido‐transfer reactivity is typical for Ti imides, the obtained surface complex is unique in that it enables catalytic transformations involving Ti imido and oxo intermediates. In particular, it efficiently catalyzes imidation of carbonyl compounds with N‐sulfinylamines by oxo/imido heterometathesis.
Catenierung und Aggregation von Koordinationskäfigen mit mehreren Kavitäten
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Regeni Irene , Holstein Julian J. , Dittrich Birger , Simon Miriam , Prévost Sylvain , Gradzielski Michael , Clever Guido H.
Published: June 2018

Eine Reihe metallvermittelt gebildeter Käfige mit mehreren Kavitäten wurde unter Verwendung von PdII‐Kationen und drei‐ oder vierzähnigen Liganden synthetisiert und mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, Massenspektrometrie und Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Der Erdnuss‐förmige [Pd3L14]‐Käfig auf Basis des dreizähnigen Liganden L1 konnte durch Versetzen mit einem Chlorid‐Salz quantitativ in das interpenetrierte [5Cl@Pd6L18]‐Dimer umgewandelt werden, das eine lineare {[Pd‐Cl‐]5Pd}‐Stapelung und damit ein bisher einzigartiges Strukturmotiv aufweist. Kleinwinkel‐Neutronenstreuexperimente zeigten, dass die Zigarren‐förmigen Gebilde mit einer Länge von 3.7 nm durch solvophobe Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Hexyl‐Seitenketten zu einlagigen Scheiben mit einem Durchmesser von 14 nm aggregieren. Ferner konnte beobachtet werden, dass der hepta‐kationische [5Cl@Pd6L18]‐Käfig mit polyanionischen Oligonukleotid‐Doppelsträngen unter Auflösung der Aggregate in Wasser wechselwirkt, was diese Art von Supramolekülen für Anwendungen interessant macht, die auf nicht‐kovalenter DNA‐Bindung beruhen.
Solvent‐Tuned Supramolecular Assembly of Fluorescent Catechol/Pyrene Amphiphilic Molecules
Authors: Nador F. , Wnuk K. , Roscini C. , Solorzano R. , Faraudo J. , Ruiz‐Molina D. , Novio F.
Published: June 2018

The synthesis and structuration of a novel low‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic catechol compound is reported. The combination of a hydrophilic tail containing a catechol unit and a pyrene‐based hydrophobic head favors solvent‐tuned supramolecular assembly. Formation of hollow nanocapsules/vesicles occurs in concentrated solutions of polar protic and nonprotic organic solvents, whereas a fibril‐like aggregation process is favored in water, even at low concentrations. The emission properties of the pyrene moiety allow monitoring of the self‐assembly process, which could be confirmed by optical and electronic microscopy. In organic solvents and at low concentrations, this compound remains in its nonassembled monomeric form. As the concentration increases, the aggregation containing preassociated pyrene moieties becomes more evident up to a critical micellar concentration, at which vesicle‐like structures are formed. In contrast, nanosized twist beltlike fibers are observed in water, even at low concentrations, whereas microplate structures appear at high concentrations. The interactions between molecules in different solvents were studied by using molecular dynamics simulations, which have confirmed different solvent‐driven supramolecular interactions.
Chimeric XNA: An Unconventional Design for Orthogonal Informational Systems
Authors: Efthymiou Tim , Gavette Jesse , Stoop Matthias , De Riccardis Francesco , Froeyen Mathy , Herdewijn Piet , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan
Published: June 2018

The paradigm of homogenous‐sugar‐backbone of RNA and DNA has reliably guided the construction of many functional and useful xeno nucleic acid (XNA) systems to date. Deviations from this monotonous and canonical design, in many cases, results in oligonucleotide systems that lack base pairing with themselves, or with RNA or DNA. Here we show that nucleotides of two such compromised XNA systems can be combined with RNA and DNA in specific patterns to produce chimeric‐backbone oligonucleotides, which in certain cases demonstrate base pairing properties comparable to—or stronger than—canonical systems, while also altering the conventional Watson–Crick pairing behavior. The unorthodox pairing properties generated from these chimeric sugar‐backbone oligonucleotides suggest a counterintuitive approach of creating modules consisting of non‐base pairing XNAs with RNA/DNA in a set pattern. This strategy has the potential to increase the diversity of unconventional nucleic acids leading to orthogonal backbone‐sequence‐controlled informational systems.
Investigations on Squaric Acid in Superacidic Media
Authors: Schickinger Manuel , Cibu Denise , Zischka Florian , Stierstorfer Karin , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas
Published: June 2018

The syntheses of [OC(COX)3][MF6] and [(COX)4][MF6]2⋅2 HF were carried out in superacidic media XF/MF5 (M=As, Sb; X=H, D). The degree of protonation is highly dependent on the stoichiometric ratio of the Lewis acid with regard to squaric acid. The salts of diprotonated squaric acid were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and, in the case of [(COH)4][MF6]2⋅2 HF (M=As, Sb), by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses. [(COH)4][AsF6] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with two formula units per unit cell. Analysis of the vibrational spectra was achieved with the support of quantum chemical calculations of the cation [(COH)4]2+⋅4 HF on the PBE1PBE/6‐311G++(3df,3pd) level of theory. Furthermore, a salt of monoprotonated squaric acid, [OC(COH)3][AsF6], was characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units per unit cell. The protonation of squaric acid leads to a change of the carbon skeleton, which is discussed for the entire series, starting with the dianion of squaric acid and ending with the tetrahydroxy dication.
Inside Back Cover: Photochemical and Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Utilization with Organic Compounds (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2018)
Authors: Cao Yu , He Xing , Wang Ning , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian
Published: June 2018

Inside Back Cover picture shows The carps trying hard to make a successful jump over the Dragon Gate will change into fish‐dragons, which is a legend handed down in China over generations. The back cover picture shows photochemical and electrochemical CO2 transformations with organic compounds through the utilization of solar energy or electric energy, producing a series of valuable products, including carboxylic acids and hetero‐cyclic compounds. The combined utilization of both clean energy and CO2 has attracted increasing attention in sustainable development of renewable energy and green chemistry. Recent advances are summarized by He et al. on page 644–659.

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Steady‐state free precession signals of arbitrary dephasing order and their sensitivity to T2∗
Authors: Leupold Jochen
Published: June 2018

A simple approach how to calculate analytical expressions for unbalanced steady‐state free precession (ubSSFP) signals of arbitrary dephasing order is presented. Dephasing order is the number of effective gradient dephasing cycles that magnetization immediately after an RF‐pulse has experienced during the ubSSFP sequence. Based on the obtained equations, which are in accordance with existing literature, the sensitivity of ubSSFP signals to T2∗ is derived under the assumption of a Lorentzian frequency distribution resulting from static field inhomogeneities. Further, the phases of all ubSSFP signals are calculated and a general expression of how to use them for B0‐fieldmapping is given. The derivation is supported by the extended phase graph (EPG) model, and as such the work also acts as a comprehensive introduction to the formal description of SSFP. In addition, the balanced SSFP (bSSFP) sequence is explored. The connection of bSSFP to ubSSFP is shown, and potential T2∗‐sensitivity of bSSFP is examined based on numerical simulations. It is shown that ubSSFP signals with negative dephasing order have a refocusing character and behave similar to spin‐echo signals. Conversely, ubSSFP signals with zero or positive dephasing order can be regarded as T2∗‐weighted. The behavior of bSSFP depends largely on the exact distribution of frequencies. For instance, for a narrow spherical distribution, bSSFP acts like a spin‐echo sequence, while for a Lorentzian distribution a refocusing behavior does not occur.
The effect of motorboat sound on Australian snapper Pagrus auratus inside and outside a marine reserve
Authors: Mensinger Allen F. , Putland Rosalyn L. , Radford Craig A.
Published: June 2018

Human‐generated sound affects hearing, movement, and communication in both aquatic and terrestrial animals, but direct natural underwater behavioral observations are lacking. Baited underwater video (BUV) were deployed in near shore waters adjacent to Goat Island in the Cape Rodney–Okakari Point Marine Reserve (protected) or outside the reserve approximately four km south in Mathesons Bay (open), New Zealand to determine the natural behavior of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus exposed to motorboat sound. BUVs worked effectively at bringing fish into video range to assess the effects of sound. The snapper inhabiting the protected area showed no behavioral response to motorboat transits; however, fish in the open zones either scattered from the video frame or decreased feeding activity during boat presence. Our study suggests that motorboat sound, a common source of anthropogenic activity in the marine environment can affect fish behavior differently depending on the status of their habitat (protected versus open).
Robust control design for air breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell system via variable gain second‐order sliding mode
Authors: Mirrashid Naghmeh , Rakhtala Seyed Mehdi , Ghanbari Mahmood
Published: June 2018

The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC. The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio () for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA, such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm (VGSTA). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers.
The changes in chemical composition of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) with ambient‐drying and oven‐drying methods
Authors: Bilgin Şengül , Öztürk Tanrikulu Hatice
Published: June 2018

In this study, the nutritional properties of fresh (F), boiled (B), ambient‐dried (Holothuria tubulosa) (DA, 23 ± 2°C) and oven‐dried sea cucumber (DO, 45 ± 1°C) were compared in terms of proximate composition and fatty acid profiles. The results of the proximate analyses showed that the highest moisture content (86.76%) was determined in fresh samples, whereas the lowest moisture content (9.35%) was obtained in the oven‐dried group (DO). The crude fat and protein contents were in the range of 0.19% (B) to 0.87% (DA) and 12.30% (F) to 62.13% (DA), respectively. The highest ash content (30.30%) was obtained in group DO, while the lowest ash content (0.61%) was observed in the boiled samples (B). According to fatty acid analyses, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two drying methods. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (21.405%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (36.018%) contents of H. tubulosa were high. Holothuria tubulosa can be used as protein and PUFA sources. Comparing the two methods, oven‐drying is better in terms of preservation, whereas drying at the ambient temperature is better in terms of nutrient value.
Parametric models for biomarkers based on flexible size distributions
Authors: Davillas Apostolos , Jones Andrew M.
Published: June 2018

Recent advances in social science surveys include collection of biological samples. Although biomarkers offer a large potential for social science and economic research, they impose a number of statistical challenges, often being distributed asymmetrically with heavy tails. Using data from the UK Household Panel Survey, we illustrate the comparative performance of a set of flexible parametric distributions, which allow for a wide range of skewness and kurtosis: the four‐parameter generalized beta of the second kind (GB2), the three‐parameter generalized gamma, and their three‐, two‐, or one‐parameter nested and limiting cases. Commonly used blood‐based biomarkers for inflammation, diabetes, cholesterol, and stress‐related hormones are modelled. Although some of the three‐parameter distributions nested within the GB2 outperform the latter for most of the biomarkers considered, the GB2 can be used as a guide for choosing among competing parametric distributions for biomarkers. Going “beyond the mean” to estimate tail probabilities, we find that GB2 performs fairly well with some disparities at the very high levels of glycated hemoglobin and fibrinogen. Commonly used linear models are shown to perform worse than almost all the flexible distributions.
The practice of universal screening for Lynch syndrome in newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Wang Aifen , McCracken Jenna , Li Yanjing , Xu Lingfan
Published: June 2018

Background

Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 5% of all endometrial cancer (EC) cases and 4% of all lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer. While current guidelines recommend LS screening for all patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer, there is no such guideline for screening patients with EC.

Discussion

This review addresses LS screening and discusses algorithms for testing patients in the setting of newly diagnosed EC.

Conclusion

The successful diagnosis of LS has important implications, including prevention of LS‐associated cancers among relatives and immunotherapy recommendations for patients with advanced EC and loss of expression of mismatch repair immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability positive following failure of traditional treatment.
Citicoline (CDP‐choline) add‐on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: A double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Ghajar Alireza , Gholamian Faezeh , Tabatabei‐Motlagh Maryam , Afarideh Mohsen , Rezaei Farzin , Ghazizadeh‐Hashemi Maryam , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: June 2018

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of citicoline add‐on therapy in treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.

Methods

In a double‐blind and placebo‐controlled study, patients with stable schizophrenia (DSM‐5) were randomized to receive either 2,500 mg/day citicoline or placebo in addition to risperidone for 8 weeks. The patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). The primary outcome was the difference in PANSS negative subscale score reduction from baseline to week 8 between the citicoline and the placebo groups.

Results

Sixty‐six individuals (out of 73 enrolled) completed the trial. The citicoline group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in negative scores, F(1.840, 118.360) = 8.383, p = .001, as well as general psychopathology, F(1.219, 78.012) = 6.636, p = .008; change in general psychopathology did not remain significant after adjustment, and total PANSS scores, F(1.633, 104.487) = 15.400, p < .001, compared with the placebo. HDRS scores and its changes, ESRS score, and frequency of other side effects were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Citicoline add‐on therapy to risperidone can effectively improve the primary negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.
Optical monitoring of adipose tissue destruction under encapsulated lipase action
Authors: Yanina Irina Yu. , Svenskaya Yulia I. , Prikhozhdenko Ekaterina S. , Bratashov Daniil N. , Lomova Maria V. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Tuchin Valery V.
Published: June 2018

Enzymatic destruction of adipose tissue has been achieved by encapsulation of lipase into the polymeric microcapsules. Adipose tissue destruction was delayed while lipase is encapsulated comparing with the direct lipase action as demonstrated by optical microscopy and optical coherence tomography in in vitro studies. Raman spectroscopy confirms that triglycerides in fat tissue were cleaved into free fatty acids, glycerol, and possible di‐ and monoglyceride residues. The results underpin the concept of local and controlled treatment of tissues via encapsulation. Effect of lipase encapsulation into the polymeric microcapsules on adipose tissue destruction compared to free lipase application.
Alcohol Counseling in Hospital Trauma: Examining Two Brief Interventions
Authors: Veach Laura J. , Moro Regina R. , Miller Preston , Reboussin Beth A. , Ivers Nathaniel N. , Rogers Jennifer L. , O'Brien Mary Claire
Published: June 2018

Hospital trauma centers intervene with patients who incur alcohol‐related injuries. This prospective study, using professional counselors and trainees, investigated brief counseling interventions (BCIs). Participants were randomized to either a conventional BCI examining quantity and frequency of drinks or a personalized BCI exploring overintoxication. No statistically significant difference between risky drinkers randomized to either intervention in a hospital trauma center was observed. Findings indicate that a personalized BCI may be an alternative to a quantitative BCI in reducing risky alcohol consumption.