bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Classical Mechanics: Vol-1 - Equivalence Principle, Mass and Gravitational Dynamics
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath
Published: November 2024

This research paper explores the framework of Extended Classical Mechanics, with a focus on the Equivalence Principle, Mass, and Gravitational Dynamics. Volume 1 of this study re-examines the classical equivalence principle, which maintains the equivalence of inertial mass and gravitational mass (also referred to as gravitating mass) and extends this concept to incorporate new findings related to both illuminating (baryonic) matter and dark matter. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Matter Mass (Mᴍ) and Gravitating Mass (Mɢ) and their roles within the extended framework. It introduces the concept of Apparent Mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ), a negative mass component that influences Effective Mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ), in alignment with the research by A.D. Chernin et al. on dark energy and the structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies. Additionally, the paper reinterprets Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation by integrating Apparent Mass, leading to a revised understanding of gravitational potential. The study demonstrates how the interaction between Matter Mass and Negative Apparent Mass contributes to a redefined concept of Gravitating Mass. These extensions enhance classical mechanics by incorporating modern scientific insights, including the gravitational effects of dark matter and the alignment of Apparent Mass with the negative effective mass of dark energy.
Pathogens of Medical Importance Identified in Hospital-Collected Cockroaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Crespo Ariel , de Armas Yaxsier , Capo Virginia , Iglesias Enrique , Palomares-Marín Jaime , Fonte Luis , Plascencia-Hernández Arturo , Cueto-Aragón Claudia Lizeth , Calderón Enrique José , Pérez-Gómez Héctor Raúl
Published: November 2024

Cockroaches serve as mechanical vectors for medically important pathogens, and their presence in hospitals is a common occurrence. Describe the pathogens and their resistance mechanisms carried by cockroaches collected in hospitals in different parts of the world during the period 2000-2023. This will be achieved through a systematic review of the indexed literature. The studies were identified through a search of the Google Scholar search engine and in electronic databases related to health: LILACS, Scielo Regional, and PubMed. The search strategy was conducted in accordance with the principles for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The review encompassed 22 studies conducted during the specified period. Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana are referenced in 15 and 13 of the analyzed studies, respectively. A variety of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and rotavirus, were isolated and identified from the external and internal body parts of cockroaches. Bacteria represent the most frequently identified group. The species that appear most frequently in the selected articles are Escherichia coli (11 articles), Staphylococcus aureus (9 articles), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 articles), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 articles). E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were found to be resistant to antibiotics in 19% and 12% of articles, respectively. Conventional techniques, including seeding in culture media, Gram staining (GS), conventional biochemical tests (CBT), direct parasitological methods, and disc diffusion, have historically been the primary methods for identifying microorganisms and determining antibiotic susceptibility profiles in bacteria. However, there is a paucity of studies that use molecular tech-niques for bacterial identification and resistance mechanism detection. The identification of pathogens carried by cockroaches collected in hospitals suggests a potential risk of these insects in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections.
Comparison of ZnS(Ag) Scintillator and Proportional Counter Tube for Alpha Detection in Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Pretze Marc , Wendrich Jan , Hartmann Holger , Freudenberg Robert , Bundschuh Ralph Alexander , Kotzerke Jörg , Michler Enrico
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Targeted alpha therapy is a new emerging field in nuclear medicine driven by the two advantages of overcoming resistance of cancer-suffering patients against beta therapies and practically application of lower activities of 212Pb- and 225Ac-labelled peptides to reach the same doses compared to beta therapy due to the high cytotoxic nature of alpha particles. Quality control of the 212Pb/225Ac-radiopharmaceuticals remains a challenge due to the low activity levels used for therapy (100 kBq/kg) and the formation of several free daughter nuclides immediately after formulation of patient doses; (2) Methods: The routine alpha detection of thin-layer chromatograms (TLC) of 212Pb- and 225Ac-labelled peptides using a MiniScanPRO+ scanner combined with an alpha detector head was compared with detection using an AR-2000 scanner equipped with an open proportional counter tube. Measurement time, resolution and validity were compared for both scanners; (3) Results: For 225Ac quality control the values of RCP are within the acceptance criteria 2 h after TLC development, regardless of when the TLC probe was taken. If the TLC probe was taken 24 h after radiosynthesis, the true value of RCP within the acceptance criteria was not measured until 5 h after TLC development. For 212Pb-labelled peptides, the probe sampling did not have a high impact on the value of RCP for the MiniScanPRO+ and AR-2000. A difference was observed when measuring the TLC with the AR-2000 in different modes; (4) Conclusions: The MiniScanPRO+ is fast, does not require additional equipment and can also measure the gamma spectrum, which may be important for some radiopharmaceutical production sites and regulatory authorities. The AR-2000 has a better signal-to-noise ratio and this eliminates the need for additional waiting time after TLC development.
The Future of Higher Education Post‐Pandemic: Adaptations, Innovations, and Challenges
Authors: Jabbar Dr. S. Abdul , Barkati Mohd Gufran
Published: November 2024

The recent pandemic driven by COVID‐19 has not only rewritten the way the world operates but also significantly reshaped higher education, driving a pre‐existing process of digital transformation while encouraging, in totality, a comprehensive review of the traditional model of teaching, learning, and operations in institutions. During this period, access issues on one hand and problems of engagement and resource on the other have persistently raised questions for all institutions that transitioned to remote and hybrid learning systems. This paper reviews, within the context of these changes, how the shift might determine the future of higher education in terms of online learning theoretical perspectives and adaptability in institutions. This paper examines core areas of change from digital learning platforms to support and develop students and faculty, then assesses the potential for more flexible, more accessible, more skills‐focused approaches to higher education.
MiRNA-34a, miRNA-145, and miRNA-222 Expression, Matrix Metalloproteinases, TNF-a and VEGF in Patients with Different Phenotypes of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Iusupova Alfiya Oscarovna , Pakhtusov Nikolay Nikolaevich , Slepova Olga Alexandrovna , Khabarova Natalya Vladimirovna , Privalova Elena Vitalievna , Bure Irina Vladimirovna , Nemtsova Marina Vyacheslavovna , Belenkov Yuri Nikitich
Published: November 2024

Background: The development of different phenotypes of coronary artery (CA) lesions is regu-lated by many various factors such as proinflammatory agents, zinc-dependent endopeptidases, growth factors and circulating microRNAs (miRs). Objective: to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a, miR-145 and miR-222, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -9, -13, -14) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with different phenotypes of coronary artery disease (CAD): ischemia/angina with non- obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA/ANOCA) and obstructive CAD (oCAD) compared with the control group. Method: The cross-sectional observational study included 157 subjects with veriﬁed CAD diag-nosis (51 patients with INOCA, 76 patients with oCAD and 30 healthy volunteers). The expression of miR-34a, miR-145, miR-222 (RT-PCR) and the levels of VEGF, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14 (ELISA) were estimated in the plasma samples. Results: Higher concentration of MMP-9 was found in oCAD group samples compared to the INOCA/ANOCA group. The INOCA/ANOCA group was characterized by higher levels of TNF-α. Based on multivariate regression analysis, a mathematical model predicting the type of CA lesion was constructed. MiR-145 was the inde-pendent predictor of INOCA/ANOCA (p=0.006). Conclusions: Changes in concentrations of MMP-9 and MMP-14 were found in both investigated CAD groups, with MMP-9 levels were sig-nificantly higher in obstructive CAD samples than in INOCA/ANOCA, which confirms the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. The multivariate regression analysis allowed us to obtain a model that can predict the phenotype of stable CAD and MiR-145 can be assumed as independent predictor of the INOCA/ANOCA.
ICU-Acquired Weakness: From Pathophysiology to Management in Critical Care
Authors: Petrucci Martina , Gemma Stefania , Carbone Luigi , Piccioni Andrea , Della Polla Davide , Simeoni Benedetta , Franceschi Francesco , Covino Marcello
Published: November 2024

Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is a common and severe complication in critically ill patients, characterized by profound and often prolonged muscle weakness. The complexity of its diagnosis and management requires a multidimensional approach that integrates clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging tools. This review focuses on the challenges in diagnosing ICU-AW, emphasizing the limitations of traditional methods such as manual muscle testing and electrophysiological studies, and highlights the emerging role of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) as a promising, non-invasive diagnostic aid. Despite its utility, no gold standard exists for NMUS, making it an evolving area of research. The pathophysiological basis of ICU-AW involves multiple mechanisms, including critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), critical illness myopathy (CIM), and muscle atrophy due to disuse. Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial for advancing diagnostic strategies and informing therapeutic interventions. Recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways involved, such as the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have opened new avenues for targeted therapies. Management of ICU-AW remains challenging, as no specific treatment has been proven fully effective. Current strategies focus on early mobilization, minimizing sedation, and optimizing nutritional support. Emerging therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in muscle degradation are under investigation, highlighting the potential to translate pathophysiological understanding into therapeutic innovations. This review underscores the need for ongoing research to establish standardized diagnostic protocols and develop targeted treatments for ICU-AW.
Consolidation of Carcinogenic Factors and the Development of Precancerous Cells
Authors: Kirkendoll April
Published: November 2024

Many disparate factors have been associated with causing, or somehow contributing to, the formation of malignancies. There does not seem to be a universal mechanism of action among them, or, in some cases, the mechanism of action is not known. Some carcinogens are directly toxic or mutagenic, while others appear to be somewhat indirect contributors, and none cause neoplasia 100% of the time. Before the sequence of events that leads to malignant transformation may be discussed, we must first establish a relationship among all identified genetic, environmental, dietary, viral, or other factors as to their roles in the formation of precancerous cells. Ultimately, when viewing all of these elements as a whole, it may be posited that any factor, or combination of factors, that contributes to damage, affects a cell’s ability to protect or recover from damage, and/or encourages a cell’s survival after damage, has the ability to promote — directly or indirectly — the formation of a precancerous cell. This premise is then examined in a model for the development of a precancerous cell from a normal cell undergoing repetitive stress and recovery over time.
The Current State of Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differentiation and Treatment Response with Japanese Guidelines.
Authors: Tsurusaki Masakatsu , Sofue Keitaro , Murakami Takamichi , Tanigawa Noboru
Published: November 2024

The liver is supplied by a dual blood flow system consisting of the portal vein and hepatic artery. Imaging techniques for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been developed along with blood flow imaging, which visualizes the amount of arterial and portal blood flow. The diagnosis of HCC differentiation is important for early stage liver cancer screening and determination of treatment strategies. Dynamic computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) includes blood flow imaging and MRI with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and liver-specific contrast agents are used in combination. In addition, unlike the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.1), which is the standard for determining treatment efficacy for solid tumors in general, tumor necrosis is generally considered a treatment effect in HCC, and the modified RECIST and Liver Cancer Direct Effectiveness Criteria (RECICL) are widely used. Familiarity with the definitions, criteria, and potential challenges of the mRECIST and RECICL is essential for their effective application in clinical practice.
Unraveling TGF-β’s Role in Feline Chronic Kidney Disease as a Key Driver to Fibrosis and Cell Death
Authors: Intachat Chanyanuch , Chuammitri Phongsakorn , Sornpet Benjaporn , Patchanee Prapas , Manachai Nawin , Piyarungsri Kakanang
Published: November 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly common in older cats. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is associated with renal fibrosis. This study aimed to quantify the mRNA expression of TGFβ, MAPK, and Bcl2 genes and the protein expression of TGF-β and MAPK in feline kidney cells and tissues. Gene expression analysis was conducted using relative gene expression, while protein expression was assessed through western blot analysis. The immunohistochemistry staining of TGF-β and MAPK was performed on feline kidney tissues. The result reveals the significant upregulation of TGFβ (P = 0.001) and considerable downregulation of Bcl2 (P = 0.010) in doxorubicin-treated feline kidney cells. Protein expression level of TGF-β and MAPK also tended to increase in doxorubicin-induced feline kidney cells. The immunostaining levels of TGF-β and MAPK were higher in the kidney tissues of cats with CKD compared to the no lesions group. A deeper understanding of the TGF-β pathway could enable veterinarians to monitor disease progression and mitigate complications in feline CKD.
Exploring Nucleotide Dynamics in Resurrection Plant Haberlea rhodopensis During Desiccation and Rehydration Using HILIC-LC-hrMS/MS
Authors: Bardarov Krum V. , Daskalova Evelina , Apostolova Elena , Yahubyan Galina , Zahmanova Gergana , Minkov Ivan
Published: November 2024

Resurrection plants are incredibly tolerant to drought. When dried out, they temporarily halt photosynthesis and respiration while protecting cellular structures. Upon rehydration, they rapidly resume normal function, allowing their cells and tissues to become re-energized. Nucle-otides play a crucial role as energy and information carriers in all living organisms. However, the dynamics and functioning of these vital compounds in resurrection plants have not been exten-sively studied. Nucleotide, nucleoside, and nucleobase extraction and analysis are technically challenging, so improved methods are of continued interest, especially techniques that can dis-tinguish the nucleotides’ degree of phosphorylation. Here, we describe an accurate mass, high-resolution hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC-LC-hrMS/MS)- based method for quantitative profiling of nucleotides and their phosphate forms in the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. The proposed ion-pair free method, exploiting a gradient of both organic com-ponent and buffer salt concentrations, was applied on tissue samples from leaves and roots of H. rhodopensis exposed to dehydration and subsequent rehydration. In the proposed method, 20 analyses (nucleosides and nucleotides) were separated by HILIC. This preliminary study identified remarkable features in nucleotide phosphate content and dynamics during desiccation and sub-sequent rehydration suggesting alternative energy metabolism pathways in drought tolerance of resurrection plants.
Formulation of Sertaconazole Nitrate-Based Pharmaceutical Systems for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Bhilegaonkar Shilpa. P. , Laad Purva. R. , Gawde Hashweta , Raikar Amisha S.
Published: November 2024

The study focused on developing transungual patches for the targeted treatment of onychomycosis, a common fungal infection of the nail. By incorporating Sertaconazole nitrate into patches using the Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) technique, the aim was to overcome challenges related to drug penetration across the nail plate while enhancing solubility and permeability. Various patch formulations were prepared and extensively evaluated for key parameters such as thickness, weight variation, drug content, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake, and in vitro drug release. The release data were analyzed using different kinetic models to understand the drug release mechanism. Selected formulations underwent accelerated stability testing per ICH guidelines, demonstrating stability under accelerated conditions. The study successfully addressed the challenges of transungual drug delivery, with the developed patches showing promising characteristics and stable release profiles. The application of kinetic models provided valuable insights, and the formulations passed stability testing, indicating their potential as effective and stable transungual drug delivery systems for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Cryopreservation of Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica: Water Content and Type of Packaging Determine Seed Survival
Authors: Coelho Stefânia V. B. , Rosa Sttela D. V. F. , Padilha Lilian , Assis Janaina G. R. , Vilela Ana L. O. , Ferreira Ana M. O. , Guerreiro Filho Oliveiro , Braghini Masako T.
Published: November 2024

Cryopreservation protocols for seeds of some Coffea species, have not yet been defined, due to the high sensitivity to desiccation and to ultra-low temperatures, leading to low seed survival rates after warming. This reduced rate is due to several factors that compromise cellular integrity during steps of the process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of water content and the types of packaging on cryopreservation of Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica seeds. For that purpose, seeds were dried to water content of 18, 20, and 25 % (dry basis - db) for C. racemosa and 20, 25, 30, and 35% (db) for C. liberica. The seeds were then packed in mesh bags, Falcon tubes, and triple laminated aluminum foil pouches, before being directly immersion in liquid nitrogen. The seeds physiological and biochemical analyses were performed. There was interaction between water content and the packaging of the seeds of the species. Drying the seeds to a 20% water content and packing them in triple laminated aluminum foil pouches, provided the best cryopreservation protocol among those studied, with a high survival rate for C. racemosa at 79.0%, and an 8.0% survival rate for C. liberica.
Sensor-Based Detection of Characteristics of Rubber Springs Used in Vibration Machines
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Kovář Ladislav , Blata Jan , Kolesár Michal , Štěpáník Jaromír
Published: November 2024

Knowledge of experimentally obtained values of elastic deformations of rubber springs induced by applied compressive forces of known magnitudes is essential for the selection of rubber springs with optimal properties, which are used in vibration machines. This paper deals with the laboratory measurement of the characteristics of rubber springs using two types of sensors that sense the instantaneous value of the compressive force acting on the compressed spring. By sensory monitoring of the pressure forces acting on the springs supporting the trough of vibratory conveyors, it is possible to analyse, diagnose and automate the working operation of vibration machines in practice. The characteristics of eight types of rubber springs were measured in two ways on laboratory equipment, and the spring stiffnesses were calculated from the measured data. Experiments have shown that the actual stiffnesses of rubber springs are lower compared to the values stated by the manufacturer, in the least favourable case by 33.6%. It has been shown by measurements that at the beginning of the loading of the rubber spring, its compression is gradual, and the stiffness increases slowly, which is defined as the progressivity of the spring.
Predictability of Maximum Root Coverage in Muco-Plastic Surgery of Localized Gingival Recession
Authors: Kotb Shimaa , Maged Martina , Fouad Edrees Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background : Gingival recession poses significant challenges in dental clinics and impacts almost half of the global population, predominantly affecting older adults. It occurs more frequently in the lower teeth than the upper teeth, which have thicker and more robust keratinized tissues. A range of surgical procedures, referred to as mucogingival surgeries, are employed to tackle this condition. These techniques, categorized under plastic surgery, strive to cover the exposed tooth roots, thereby diminishing sensitivity, facilitating hygiene maintenance, and enhancing aesthetics affected by gingival recession. Aim of study: to underscore the efficacy of predicting maximum root coverage in treating gingival recession with coronal advancement flap (CAF) and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue grafts (CTG). This is achieved by comparing the predetermined maximum root coverage (MRC) with the actual outcomes of root coverage surgical procedures. Methods: Patients with Gingival Recessions Type (RT)1 and RT2 were treated with Coronal advancement flap with a connective tissue graft (CTG). The treatment protocol comprised scaling and root planing, along with root surface conditioning. Subsequently, a surgical phase was conducted, involving a sub-epithelium connective tissue graft placed . This included the harvest of the graft from the palatal mucosa and its placement at the recipient site. Post-operative care instructions were provided, accompanied by a comprehensive follow-up schedule for one month. Results: there is no significant difference between the predetermine level of root coverage and the actual outcome postoperatively. In the case 1, full root coverage was attained, demonstrating both long-term stability and aesthetic achievement. Conversely, in the second case, root coverage reached 80% with attachment level gain and a gingival margin that was harmonious with adjacent teeth. It is deemed a successful clinical result. Conclusion: The successful outcomes of combining Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) with Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) in treating gingival recession of Miller class II and III cases have underscored the efficacy of predetermined assessments. These assessments enhance the clinician's ability to accurately predict the maximum root coverage achievable before surgery, which is vital for the success of regenerative treatments. Further randomized clinical trials with extended follow-ups are required.
Fatigue, Fracture and Damage Tolerance of Ultrahigh-Strength Martensitic Tendon-Rods for Structural Engineering
Authors: Santos Patricia , Iordachescu Mihaela , Valiente Andrés , Scutelnicu Elena
Published: November 2024

The paper addresses the fatigue resistance, fracture behavior and damage tolerance of a new type of ultrahigh-strength bar for prestressing concrete made of a low-alloy lath martensitic steel. The fracture tests showed that the bar steel has a medium-high fracture toughness of 75 MPa√m and a fatigue cracking resistance that fits the Paris-Erdogan Law as most of Eurocode 3 structural steels. The damage tolerance analysis combines two Failure Assessment Diagrams – FADs, respectively involving the damage level and the toughness, and yielding capacity influences on the failure of the bar steel. The location of the experimental failure data in the FADs indicate that the steel is endowed with a combination of strength, ductility and toughness able to prevent unexpected failures. The damage micro-mechanisms revealed from the examination of broken specimens differ from fatigue to fracture cracking, but in a manner consistent with the observed mechanical behavior and microstructure of the bar steel.
Development and Characterization of Biomass-Derived Carbons for the Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Rahimi Vahid , Pimentel Catarina Helena , Gómez-Díaz Diego , Freire María Sonia , Lazzari Massimo , González-Álvarez Julia
Published: November 2024

This research explores the synthesis and application of carbon-based adsorbents derived from olive stones and almond shells as low-cost biomass precursors through carbonization at 600°C combined with chemical activation using KOH, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 with carbon/activating agent (C/A) ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 (w/w) at 850°C for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The carbons produced were characterized using different techniques including SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET analysis, CHNS elemental analysis and point of zero charge determination. Batch-mode adsorption experiments were carried out at adsorbent doses of 2 and 5 g L-1, initial metal concentrations of 100 and 500 mg L-1 and natural pH (around 5) with agitation at 350 rpm and 25°C for 24 h. KOH-activated carbons, especially at a 1:4 (w/w) ratio, exhibited superior adsorption performance mainly due to their favorable surface characteristics and functionalities. The greatest adsorption efficiency reached 100% (101.41-101.68 mg g-1) for Pb2+ at 500 mg L-1 and 5 g L-1 dosage, and 84.63-86.29% (41.69-42.52 mg g-1) for Cu2+ at 100 mg L-1 and 2 g L-1 dosage. The results of this study will help advance knowledge in the design and optimization of adsorption processes for heavy metal removal, benefiting industries seeking green technologies to mitigate environmental pollution.
Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis by CT as Compared with DXA
Authors: Chaisen Molaya , Sritara Chanika , Chitrapazt Niyata , Suppasilp Chaiyawat , Chamroonrat Wichana , Promma Sasivimol , Kositwattanarerk Arpakorn , Sakulpisuti Chaninart , Thamnirat Kanungnij
Published: November 2024

Osteoporosis is commonly evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density (BMD). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans provide an alternative for opportunistic osteoporosis assessment. This study aimed to evaluate screening thresholds for osteoporosis based on CT attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) of L1-L4 vertebrae from abdominal CT scans, compared to DXA assessments of the lumbar spine and hips. Conducted retrospectively over about two years, the analysis included 109 patients who had both CT and DXA scans within 12 months, excluding those with metal artifacts affecting the vertebrae. CT attenuation values in the trabecular region of the vertebrae were measured and compared among three groups based on the lowest T-score from DXA. In a predominantly female cohort (mean age 66.3 years), significant correlations were found between the CT HU values of L1-L4 vertebrae and the lowest T-score. CT HU values differed significantly among normal (17.4%), low bone mass (46.8%), and osteoporosis (35.8%) groups (P < 0.001). A HU threshold of ≤142 at the L1 vertebra showed 91.9% sensitivity and 48.4% specificity, while a threshold of ≤160 HU showed 97.3% sensitivity and 31.3% specificity for screening osteoporosis. In conclusion, this study supports the utility of non-contrast CT with these HU thresholds as an opportunistic osteoporosis assessment.
Serum Neuropeptide Content in Wistar Rats After Subchronic Low-Dose Exposure to Mercury Acetate
Authors: Shchepetkova Kristina M. , Batotsyrenova Ekaterina G. , Kashuro Vadim A. , Kretser Tatyana Yu. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Nasyrov Ruslan A.
Published: November 2024

Mercury poisoning has a cumulative effect. Mercury gradually accumulates in tissues and organs, which negatively affects the functions of all body systems, especially the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuropeptides content in the blood serum of Wistar rats after subchronic low-dose mercury acetate poisoning. During the study, rats was intragastrically administered mercury acetate at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 30 days. On days 30 and 44, the blood serum of rats was tested for the levels of calcium-binding protein (S-100), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), myelin basic protein (MBP). The concentration of S-100 protein in the blood serum of the experimental group of rats decreased by 43.9%, and the concentration of MBP increased by 172.6%. Fourteen days after the end of the toxicant administration, the concentration of protein S-100 in the blood serum of poisoned animals was significantly lower by 132.7% compared to the control group. The content of MBP increased by 59.4% and neuron-specific enolase increased by 44.6%, the concentration of neuropeptides PEDF and GFAP changed insignificantly. The results obtained demonstrate that even low concentrations of mercury acetate, entering the body for a long time, affect the concentration of neuropeptides in blood serum, which indicates negative changes in the central nervous system of rats.
Status and Determinants of Anemia in Postpartum Women and Its Influence on Offspring
Authors: He Mengjie , Huang Lichun , Zou Yan , Su Danting , Zhao Dong , Han Dan , Xu Peiwei , Zhang Ronghua
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Little is known about anemia prevalence and iron reserve status among Chinese women within 2-year postpartum. This study aimed to assess the status of iron deficiency anemia and iron reserve in women within2-year postpartum, and to explore the influencing factors of anemia and the impact on the offspring. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 977 women within 2 years postpartum in 10 sites from 2016 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. Information on demographics, nutrient supplementation and diet was collected. Whole blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin receptor were assessed for all women and whole blood hemoglobin was assessed in offspring. The multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of anemia and the impact on the offspring. Results: Among 977 participants144, (14.74%) had anemia. The analysis of influence factors of anemia in women within two years postpartum showed that intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）:(0.549 (0.350~0.860)), and sufficient intake of red meat (OR（95%CI）:0.647 (0.437~0.958)), were protective factors for anemia in postpartum women. Anemia during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）:Mild anemia: 2.754 (1.844~4.113), Moderate or severe anemia: 3.815 (1.564~9.309)) postpartum age > 7 months (OR（95%CI）:1.717 (1.112~2.650)) and abnormal serum ferritin (OR（95%CI）: 11.931 (4.846~29.379)) and transferrin receptor levels (OR（95%CI）: 1.817 (1.050~3.145)) were risk factors for postpartum anemia. The analysis of influence on offsprings showed that mother intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）: 0.602(0.403~0.899))was protective factors for anemia in offsprings. Maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）: Mild anemia: 1.456(0.994~2.133), Moderate or severe anemia: 2.961(1.242~7.058)), age > 6 months (OR（95%CI）: 6~12 month: 7.671(4.291~13.713) , 12~24 month: 6.448(3.205~12.974)), and breastfeeding (OR（95%CI）: Breastfed and weaning: 0.455(0.281~0.736) , Never breastfeed: 0.365(0.135~0.986)) were risk factors for offsprings. Conclusions: The status of anemia in postpartum women was severe and worthy of attention. Meanwhile, its impact on the anemia of their offspring also cannot be ignored. Diagnosis of anemia or lack of iron supplementation in pregnancy might increase the risks of anemia in postpartum women and their offspring. The risk of anemia on t offsprings might increase if their mother suffering anemia or no iron supplementation during pregnancy. The postpartum women whose postpartum age > 9 months or had insufficient intake of red meat, abnormal serum ferritin and transferrin receptor levels were identified as high-risk groups for anemia. Breastfeeding and >6 months after birth were a risk factor for offspring anemia, therefore iron supplementation should be carried out in a timely manner.
Projecting Barrier Beach Vulnerability to Wave and Sea-Level Under Climate Change
Authors: Sulis Andrea , Antonioli Fabrizio , Atzeni Andrea , Carboni Andrea , Deiana Giacomo , Orrù Paolo E. , Lo Presti Valeria , Serreli Silvia
Published: November 2024

Long-term impacts of sea-level changes and trends in storm magnitude and frequency along the Mediterranean coasts are key aspects of effective coastal adaptation strategies. In enclosed basins as a gulf, this requires a step beyond global and regional analysis toward high resolution modelling of hazards and vulnerabilities at different time scales. In this paper we present the compound future projection of static (sea level) and dynamic (wind-wave) impacts to the geomorphological evolution of a vulnerable sandy coastal plan located in the south Sardinia (west Mediterranean Sea). Based on local temporal trends in Hs (8 mm yr-1) and sea level (SLR of 5.4 mm yr-1), a 2-year return time flood scenario at 2100 shows the flattening of the submerged morphologies triggering the process of marine embayment. The research proposes adaptation strategies to be adopted to design the projected new coastal area under vulnerabilities at local and territorial scales.
Modal Passport Concept for Wind Turbine Blades Monitoring and Diagnostics
Authors: Mironov Aleksey , Doronkin Pavel , Safonovs Aleksejs
Published: November 2024

One of the most sensitive parts of a wind turbine to environmental influences are the rotating blades. Today there are many technologies available to assess its condition, but they all need to be developed to become more cost-effective and more sensitive to fault detection. The Modal Passport algorithms and methods discussed in this paper proposes the technique already used for helicopter blade condition monitoring and diagnostics. This technique requires adaptation to wind turbine blades because they have larger dimensions, material and design, and operate under other conditions. To provide this adaptation, computational and experimental data on the modal properties of the blades must be obtained. The study is planned to be performed for a scale model on stationary and rotating test rigs. The algorithms and methods of the Modal passport considered in this study stage were used to form a roadmap for developing the passport for a series of composite models of a wind turbine blade. The stages of the Modal passport development include FE modeling of the blade model and calculation of modal parameters. Estimated volume of modal tests made it possible to plan the step-by-step execution of the roadmap works for development and experimental application of the modal passport of wind turbine blade models.
A Comparative Analysis of Multi-Criteria and Geometric Dispersion Theory Methods Using Out-of-Sample Validation with Application to Wind Farm Location in Saudi Arabia and Group Decision-Making
Authors: Malakooti Behnam , Altowijri Abdulaziz , Wang Huanshuo
Published: November 2024

How can we validate a given Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach and compare it to other MCDM methods? This question is not addressed in MCDM literature. This paper presents a novel out-of-sample approach using in-sample (e.g., 70%) data to assess the parameters of a given MCDM model and validate the model using out-of-sample (e.g., 30%) data. MCDM models are ranked based on their accuracies of predicting the out-of-sample data using several randomly selected replicas.
We develop a new class of MCDM models based on Geometric Dispersion Theory (GDT) that was recently developed for decision-making under risk. MCDM-GDT is based on a convex combination of maximizing an additive utility function (an arithmetic function) and a multiplicative utility function (a geometric function); this MCDM-GDT function is non-additive and non-linear in criteria and in weights of importance of criteria. A special case of MCDM-GDT is a highly effective concave utility function using k+1 parameters where k is the no. of criteria.
We apply MCDM approach for selection of the best wind farm location in Saudi Arabia using 30 expert decision makers (DMs). Then we provide a detailed comparison of several well-known MCDM methods and MCDM-GDT using the out-of-sample approach. The results indicate that most of MCDM methods, except MCDM-GDT, have poor predictive performances.
We also develop a new model for group decision-making using a new nonlinear aggregation of the ratings of DMs based on MCDM-GDT; we show that this model has advantages to using the commonly used weighted average rating of DMs.
Transient Analysis of Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery by Mathematical Modeling of a Three-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Lemmel-Vélez K , Loaiza-Estrada S , Mesa-Beleño J P , Estrada-Mesa S A , Valencia-Hernandez C A , Velasco-Méndez J R , Monsalve-Cadavid M A
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a detailed mathematical procedure for implementing a three-phase induction motor model. Induction motors are crucial components in electric power systems. Therefore, several investigations have been conducted on the three-phase motor model. However, the mathematical representations for model development are complex due to nonlinearity and complicated structure. In this case, a composite load model is used to provide a block diagram based on the fifth-order analytical method in polar coordinates to calculate the transient and subtransient responses of a three-phase motor. Specifically, the behavior of a three-phase deep-slot squirrel cage motor is represented using parameters to describe its response from start-up to the voltage sag. Simulation was used to calculate the responses of the electromechanical variables after disturbances, in order to better understand the dynamic behavior of motor loads in voltage stability in electrical systems. The results were compared with those in the literature to verify the performance of the model.
Calculation of Main Parameters of Two-Line Helical Traction Transmission of Electric Locomotive Based on Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Khromova Galina , Radjibayev Davran , Zabiyeva Aliya , Kenesbek Anuar , Togizbayeva Baglan
Published: November 2024

The article presents the calculation of the main parameters of the double-sided oblique traction transmission of the VL-80c electric locomotive based on a comprehensive analysis of diagnostic parameters obtained by applying the Poisson normal distribution method for detected failures according to the data of the Uzbekistan depot.
Evidence for a Dark Energy Driven by Star Formation: Information Dark Energy?
Authors: Gough Michael Paul
Published: November 2024

Evidence is presented for a dark energy resulting directly from star formation. A survey of Stellar Mass Density, SMD, measurements are found to be described by a simple CPL w0-wa parameterisation that is in good agreement with the dark energy results of Planck, and with the recent results of Pantheon 2022, Dark Energy Survey 2024, and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument 2024. The (SMD)^k best fit CPL values found are w0 =-0.90, wa =-1.49 for k=+1.0, and w0 =-0.94, wa =-0.76 for k=+0.5, corresponding, respectively, to good and very good agreement with all dark energy results. The preference for k=+0.5, suggests that it is the temperature of astrophysical objects that determines the dark energy density. The equivalent energy of the information/entropy of gas and plasma heated by star and structure formation is a possible candidate for such a dark energy source. An Information Dark Energy, is also capable of resolving many of the problems and tensions of ɅCDM: cosmological constant problem, cosmological coincidence problem, the H0 and σ8 tensions, and may account for some effects previously attributed to dark matter.
Diversity and Distribution of Intertidal Cystoseira Sensu Lato Species Across Protection Zones in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area
Authors: Mancuso Francesco Paolo , Sarà Gianluca , Mannino Anna Maria
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the diversity and distribution of intertidal Cystoseira sensu lato (s.l.) species across different protection zones within the "Capo Gallo-Isola delle Femmine" Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the central Mediterranean Sea. Five Cystoseira s.l. species (Cystoseira compressa, C. foeniculacea, Ericaria amentacea, E. brachycarpa and E. crinita) were observed on the intertidal rocky shores, with varied abundances across the MPA's protection zones. Ericaria amentacea was the only species found in all zones, with a much higher cover percentage in the most protected area (zone A). However, its morpho-functional traits showed an inverse trend, with the largest thalli found in the moderately protected zone B and C. The remaining Cystoseira s.l. species were only found in zone B and C probably due to their wider area and greater habitat diversity compared to zone A. The presence of two non-indigenous species, Asparagopsis taxiformis and Caulerpa cylindracea, was ob-served exclusively in the less protected zones B and C. Our findings highlight the complex inter-actions between MPA protection levels and Cystoseira s.l. species conservation, with protection having, in some respects, a positive influence on selected Cystoseira s.l. species, indicating the im-portance of careful consideration in MPA design and management. Furthermore, this study pro-vides a baseline for future monitoring of Cystoseira s.l. populations in light of ongoing environmental changes in the Mediterranean Sea.
Objective Voice Analysis in Partial Deafness: Comparison of MDVP and VOXplot Results
Authors: Myszel Karol
Published: November 2024

Acoustic analysis of voice is a valuable technique that enables objective assessment of voice features to diagnose, describe the changes in voice characteristics and track the progress of therapy. In contrary to subjective (perceptual) assessment which needs appropriate examiner`s experience, objective measurements give mathematical results referring to specific parameters, then can be subsequently analyzed, compared and elaborated statistically. Changes in voice of partially deaf patients were not widely described in the literature so far and the recent studies referred to the voice parameters measured in this group of patients with use of MDVP (multi-dimensional voice program) by Kay Pentax. Other objective techniques were not yet used for voice measurements in partial deafness patients. This paper describes the results of acoustic analysis of voice in partial deafness patients by VOXplot and comparison of the results with those achieved with MDVP. Background/Objectives: The purpose of the study was a VOXplot objective analysis of voice in partially deaf individuals and assessment of consistency with results achieved from MDVP analysis as well as with the perceptual assessment. Methods: Voice samples of 22 post lingual partially deaf individuals (9 females, average age 48,5 years and 13 males, average age 47,7 years) were recorded. Samples were recorded as continuous speech (cs) and sustained vowel (sv). Control group consisted of 22 healthy individuals (10 females, average age 54 years and 12 males, average age 40 years) with no history of voice and hearing dysfunction. The samples were analyzed with MDVP (multi-dimensional voice profile) by Kay-Pentax, then with VOXplot version 2.0.0 Beta. Statistical analysis was performed with t-Test Paired Two Sample for Means. All individuals were also subjects for perceptual voice assessment with GRBAS by Hirano. Conclusions: Both MDVP and VOXplot objective assessment of voice in partially deaf patients showed abnormalities compared to control groups. There was a high level of consistency in results achieved with use of both systems. Correlations were also found with GRBAS assessment results.
The Perception and Self-Concept of Suburban Foresters in Their Role as Forest Recreation Managers
Authors: Autratova Sabina , Fialova Jitka , Sedlackova Katerina
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to explore the self-conception of foresters in relation to forest recreational management in the Czech Republic. Using qualitative research methods, specifically semi-structured in-depth interviews, the study gathered data to uncover the positive and negative factors influencing the work of foresters as recreational managers. Fifteen respondents from across the country, all involved in the development and management of forest recreation, participated in the study. Content analysis and grounded theory were applied to analyze the interviews, with the aid of ATLAS.ti software. The findings highlight foresters' self-conception from two perspectives: as forest users and as professionals. The professional perspective also revealed challenges, benefits, and obstacles in managing recreational activities. A key theme that emerged was the relationship and communication with the public. The study found that foresters' views on recreation management are complex, encompassing both positive and negative aspects. While they value contributing to the public good, they face issues such as environmental pollution, conflicts with visitors, rule enforcement, and a lack of recognition for their efforts. These challenges shape their professional outlook. The insights gained could guide future research and inform strategies to enhance forest recreation management.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Varied Operational Conditions Considering Change Point: A Novel Deep Learning Approach with Optimum Features
Authors: Rath Subrata , Saha Deepjyoti , Chatterjee Subhashish , Chakraborty Ashis Kumar
Published: November 2024

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT), remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of turbofan engines is crucial. Various deep learning (DL) techniques are proposed recently to predict RUL for such systems, have remained silent on the effect of environmental changes on machine reliability. This paper has proposed three-fold aims, (i) to identify the change point in RUL trend and pattern (ii) to select most relevant features, and (iii) to predict RUL with the selected features and identified change point. A two-stage feature selection algorithm was developed, followed by a change point identification mechanism and finally, a Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model has been designed to predict RUL. The study utilizes NASA’s C-MAPSS dataset to check the performance of the proposed methodology. The findings affirm that the proposed method enhances the stability of DL models, resulting in an approximate 30% improvement in RUL prediction compared to popular and cutting-edge DL models.