bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The specifics of adolescent crisis during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dukanac Vesna , Ljubomirović Nataša , Dukanac Dušica
Published: October 2020

Introduction/Aim: Adolescents pass through three phases of an accidental crisis: the negation of real danger, feeling of confusion and chaos with the onset of the first symptoms, a complete depressive breakdown with a different range of manifestations. The Covid-19 pandemic has become a real challenge for these patients. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the clinical psychotherapeutic material of the described phases of the passage through the accidental crisis, caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Adolescents of different ages are involved. The materials of psychotherapeutic sessions of adolescents were used in the paper, from different phases of the adolescent crisis. To explain the phase of negation of real danger, adolescents of the early and central stages of a period of adolescence are presented. To explain the phase of feelings of confusion and chaos to complete depressive breakdown, adolescents of the late and post adolescent stages of a period of adolescence are presented. Patient presentation: In adolescents, who did not show a problematic passage through the developmental crisis, the accidental crisis of the pandemic leads to the denial of the real danger. In a younger, twelve-year-old adolescent, at a specific level of functioning, there is a weakened concentration for learning. In a slightly older, fifteen-year-old adolescent, the denial of real danger, through sublimation, goes into altruism. In adolescents with already manifested problematic passage through the developmental crisis, the symptoms worsen due to the effect of the superimposed accidental crisis caused by the pandemic. In adolescents, the middle phase of adolescence, there is a mixture of real somatic problems with somatization. In the older adolescent, post adolescent phase, with addiction disease problems, the pandemic provokes irritability and low frustrating tolerance leading to complete depressive breakdown. Conclusion: We can conclude that the superposition of accidental crises always complicates the normative adolescent crisis, but we emphasize that the manifested psychopathology can be of a transient character. Psychiatric psychotherapeutic interventions are determined in relation to the degree of threatening or completely manifested decompensation from shorter counseling interventions to the intensification of deep psychotherapy, with or without adequate drug therapy.
PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2: Practice, recommendations and dilemmas
Authors: Popadić Dušan
Published: October 2020

In the Covid-19 pandemic, diagnostic laboratories have met multiple new demands, which have gone beyond the existing personnel, technical and material capacities. According to the current recommendations, the base of laboratory diagnostics for Covid-19 is a Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtRT-PCR) test, which detects the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome in the biological material collected from the patient. The procedure of testing can conditionally be divided into several stages: 1) setting the indications for testing; 2) collecting the clinical samples and filling in the documentation; 3) transport of the material to the diagnostic laboratory; 4) reception and classification of the material; 5) the analysis of samples after the reception - the preparation for rtRT-PCR; 6) rtRT-PCR; 7) communicating results. It is clear that medical microbiological services have not been standardized for the fight against the pandemic or great epidemics. The most efficient way to overcome such a situation is to define teams, which would take part in the diagnostics, when the epidemiological situation demanded it. It is necessary to strive to have the unified equipment on the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia, because in that way the maintenance and procurement of spare parts and consumables are made easier, and the purchasing price could possibly be lowered. Reagents for the extraction and specific reagents for rtRT-PCR (primers and probes) should be standardized and made in Serbia in order to decrease the dependence on imports and make significant money savings. The database of laboratory results should be improved and organized according to the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles in order to use the possibility of making conclusions maximally.
Perfect and Not-So-Perfect Rollers
Authors: Casey James
Published: October 2020

Hardcover book rolls very well on pencils of circular cross section. If pencils of hexagonal cross section are used instead, the book can still be rolled, but not so nicely. Can we quantify such differences? In other words, can we put our intuitions about the physical situation into mathematical form? The purpose of the present, article is to propose a mathematical way of thinking about how good a roller is and to describe classroom activities that were carried out to measure and evaluaLe model of roller. The subject is a beautiful blend of geometry and analysis, encourages students to think quantitatively, and afford them an opportunity for bridging the gap between mathematics and physical reality.
Activities: The Secret of Anamorphic Art
Authors: Johnson Art , Martin Joan D.
Published: October 2020

It is 1655 and you are living in England, a supporter of the deposed royal family. Such a political persuasion might mean your life if it were known to the anti royalist authorities. Nevertheless, you carry a portrait of the executed king, Charles I, with you at all Limes. Although everyone knows what Charles I looked like, you are confident that you will not be arrested. Why not? Simple—since this portrait was done in an anamorphic-art style, it cannot be recognized by anyone who does not know the secret of anamorphic art.
Solutions to Calendar
Authors: McLoughlin John Grant
Published: October 2020

Problems 2–9 were submitted by Elias Ionas, Truman Middle College, 1145 West Wilson. Chicago, IL 60640. Problems 10–12, 18, 19, 30, and 31 were prepared by Victor G. Feser, University of Mary, 7500 Uruversity Drive, Bismarck, ND 58504-9652. Problems 13–17 were adapted from Applied Combinatorics with Problem Solving by Bradley W. Jackson and Dmitri Thoro (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1990). Problems 20–22 were adapted from 150 Puzzles in Crypt-Arithmetic by Maxey Brooke (New York: Dover Publications, 1963). Problems 24–28 appeared in the Wisconsin State Mathematics Meet, 13 May 1972. Thanks go to Gerry Rising, State University New York, Buffalo, NY 14222, for providing the Wisconsin contest material.
Implementing the Assessment Standards for School Mathematics: Assessing Justification and Proof in Geometry Classes Taught Using Dynamic Software
Authors: Galindo Enrique
Published: October 2020

Consider the midpoints of all the chords that can be drawn from a given point, say, A, on a circle (see fig. 1). Can anything special be found about these midpoints? Using dynamic geometry software, students can trace the locus of these midpoints by dragging the chord AB from point B. That is, they can use the computer mouse to select and hold point 8 as it is moved around the circle. The computer displays a dynamic chord with a fixed endpoint A and traces the path of the midpoints. The small blue dots shown in figure 2 represent the midpoints of the chords generated as point B is dragged around the circle. Figure 2 suggests that these midpoints lie on a circle. Is this observation true? How can we be sure? When presented with this task, a high school student answered, “It forms … it forms a circle! The midpoints … the midpoints when you move it around form a smaUer circle inside the big circle!” When the student was asked to justify his answer, he said, “I can see it before me, and it does form a circle. I have evidence for it.”
Technology
Authors: Burke William , Kick Richard
Published: October 2020

Prices on software, books, and materials are subject to change. Consult the suppliers for the current prices. The comments reflect the reviewer's opinions and do not imply endorsement by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Counting Penguins
Authors: Perry Mike , Kader Gary
Published: October 2020

The nctm's curriculum standards for statistics give a specific objective for students in grades 9–12: to “understand sampling and recognize its role in statistical claims” (NCTM 1989, 167). The use of random samples for estimation is a fundamental statistical concept. Random sampling and its consequences can be studied through simulated sampling activities. The nature of sampling variability, the influence of sample size on the quality of estimation, and the role of the underlying population distribution are ideas that can be illustrated with repeated sampling.
Implementing the Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics: Focusing on Worthwhile Mathematical Tasks in Professional Development: Using a Task from the National Assessment of Educational Progress
Authors: Blume Glendon W. , Zawojewski Judith S. , Silver Edward A. , Kenney Patricia Ann
Published: October 2020

Worthwhile mathematical tasks engage the problem solver in sound and significant mathematics, elicit a variety of solution methods, and require mathematical reasoning. Such problems also prompt responses that are rich enough to reveal mathematical understandings. Just as good classroom practice engages students in worthwhile mathematical tasks, sound professional development does the same with teachers. Providing teachers with opportunities to engage in worthwhile mathematical tasks and to analyze the mathematical ideas underlying those tasks promotes the vision of the Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (NCTM 1991).
Reader Reflections
Authors: Zerger Monte J.
Published: October 2020

It is surprising how often one can look at a common mathematical formula without seeing a particular aspect of its beauty. Recently Dare) Hardy, a mathematics professor at Colorado State University, called my attention to something that left me stunned.
Interactive Technology and Classic Geometry Problems
Authors: McGehee Jean J.
Published: October 2020

Interactive geometry software connects visual justification and empirical thinking to higher levels of geometric thinking with logical justification in formal proof. Battista and Clements (1995, 53) recommend the use in the secondary school geometry curriculum of software that “should guide students to learn significant and interesting concepts.”
Activities: Rate of Change of Exponential Functions: A Precalculus Perspective
Authors: Bradie Brian
Published: October 2020

I have never been satisfied with the applications of exponential functions that are presented in precalculus courses. That coverage consists primarily of supplying the requisite formula for, say, the growth of a bacterial colony or the decay of some radioactive substance, without explaining or deriving the reasons that the exponential function appears in the formula. The students are more than willing to accept the formulas and crunch through the numbers. However, unless I present a mathematical explanation describing the reasons that the exponential function appears in the formulas governing population growth and radioactive decay, I have not fostered my students' ability to recognize other phenomena, either in mathematics or in other disciplines, that use exponential functions.
The Binomial Theorem Tastes the Rainbow
Authors: Cuff Carolyn K.
Published: October 2020

An advertisement for Skittles1, a small candy available in cherry, lemon, orange, grape, and lime, invites us to “taste the rainbow” and asks “how many flavor combinations can you find?” This commercial offers an excellent opportunity to introduce concepts of mathematical modeling and an application of the binomial theorem. I use this lesson as a hands-on reinforcement after a brief lecture on the binomial theorem and its relationship to combinations. This article focuses on the modeling for the Skittles exercise. It begins with a brief outline of the mathematical-modeling process and of the material previously introduced.
Reader Reflections
Authors: Brown Alan R.
Published: October 2020

After de1iving the law of sines, which is found in most trigonometry textbooks, use a visual representation to demonstrate that the relationship holds for numerical values. I have used the TI-92 calculator to accomplish this teaching strategy through demonstrations. lfTI-92s are available for classroom use, constructing and evaluating the ratios are better activities. Teachers could also use The Geometer's Sketchpad or Geometric Supposer.
Sediment in Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Authors: Nord Gail , Nord John
Published: October 2020

The authors gratefully acknowledge the help given by Yves Nievergelt, professor of mathematics at Eastern Washington University, in the preparation of this material.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: Derivatives Project
Authors: Novodvorsky Ingrid
Published: October 2020

This project is one that I have been using for the past three years in my Advanced Placement physicscalculus and calculus classes. Before this project, I had introduced the power rule as a given fact and then demonstrated with graphs of monomials that the derivative is of one less power than the original function. I also used the formal proof involving the limit definition of the derivative. However, I sometimes felt that this method fell into the realm of “it should be intuitively obvious to even the most casual observer that …,” and my students never truly realized how the power rule for monomials elegantly expresses the concept that the derivative is the slope of a function.
Media Clips
Authors: Wood Dorothy
Published: October 2020

We welcome and encourage submissions to this department, which will comprise resources that teachers can use immediately or file away for future use. The assignments generated by these entries may range from starters for an entire class to full blown projects for optional individual pursuit. Each lesson, though, should help convince our students that mathematics is useful, current, and newsworthy. Please send submissions to Media Clips, Mathematics Teacher, 1906 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091-1593.
Implementing the Assessment Standards for School Mathematics: Student Portfolios in Mathematics
Authors: Robinson Donita
Published: October 2020

Several years ago I added portfolios to the group of assessment activities that I assign my students. Some of my early ideas came from Mathematics Assessment, an NCTM publication edited by Jean Kerr Stenmark (1991). In addition to giving ideas for assembling and grading portfolios, she reminds us that “one of the major goals in the Evaluation Standards is to help students value mathematics, a very hard goal to assess. With examples in portfolios collected over time and with documented reactions to assignments and problems, we can begin to see how close we are coming to this goal” (p. 36).
Paving the Way to Algebraic Thought Using Residue Designs
Authors: Johnson Iris DeLoach
Published: October 2020

What do the graphs in figure 1 have in common? What mathematics is required to generate them? What language might be used to interpret and communicate what they show? These are some of the questions answered by Brynn Foggie, an eighthgrade student who investigated residue designs as a mathematical research project. Residue designs, based on residues (i.e., remainders) obtained from scalar multiplication in modular arithmetic, are intriguing mathematical notions seldom seen in secondary mathematics classrooms. A study of residue designs has excellent potential for introducing students to “elementary concepts of algebra and number theory” in a user-friendly context (Locke 1972, 263).
Discovering a Geometric Volume Relationship in Calculus
Authors: Morriss Patrick
Published: October 2020

Among mathematics students, it is an article of faith that all the mathematics has been done and that they can never discover anything new. But last spring, a group of calculus students in my school experienced the thrill of discovering a geometric relationship that neither I nor any of my colleagues had ever come across.
Geometry in Mangbetu Design
Authors: Eglash Ron
Published: October 2020

One difficulty in the use of African designs for mathematics instruction is our lack of knowledge of the artisans’ concepts and techniques. In many cases, that knowledge has been lost because of modern disruptions of traditional societies. Although the Mangbetu also suffered such losses—their modern descendants no longer create many of the patterns we discuss— their preoccupation with a geometric approach to design was so strong that some of its basic elements can be discerned in artifacts that have survived. This article introduces a few examples of Mangbetu designs and examines their underlying structure. We hope that teachers and students will join us in discovering the geometric basis for these beautiful patterns.
The Navigator in the Classroom
Authors: Wallace William
Published: October 2020

Not long ago, I was planning a cruise across the Atlantic Ocean in a sailboat. I spread out a large map of the Atlantic Ocean and used a meterstick to draw a line from Nantucket Light to The Bishop, a magnificent lighthouse at the southwest tip of England. I would leave from Nantucket Light, of course, because I could not sail directly from near New Bedford to England—Cape Cod is in the way.
Media Clips
Authors: Wood Dorothy
Published: October 2020

We welcome and encourage submissions to this department, which will comprise resources that teachers can use immediately or file away for future use. The assignments generated by these entries may range from starters for an entire class to fullblown projects for optional individual pursuit. Each lesson, though, should help convince our students that mathematics is useful, current, and newsworthy. Please send submissions to Media Clips, Mathematics Teacher, 1906 Association Drive Reston, VA 20191-1593.
Using Scoring Criteria to Communicate about the Discipline of Mathematics
Authors: Taylor Catherine S. , Bidlingmaier Barbara
Published: October 2020

The current reform movement in school mathematics has established new guidelines for the learning experiences that students should have in mathematics courses. Especially important is the idea that students learn to apply their mathematical understandings to solve complex, real-world problems as part of their educational experiences. NCTM's Assessment Standards for School Mathematics (1995) and Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) acknowledge that new assessment strategies and practices are a necessary part of the reform movement's vision for mathematics curriculum and instruction. The assessment of students’ learning should include a wide array of tasks, such as open-ended problems; extended investigations; and multistep, complex problems that require students to communicate their problem-solving strategies and the reasoning behind their choices.
Technology Tips: Exploring the Locus Definitions of the Conic Sections
Authors: Olmstead Eugene A. , Engebretsen Arne
Published: October 2020

Conic sections were first studied in 350 B.C. by Menaechmus, who cut a circular conical surface at various angles. Early mathematicians who added to the study of conics include Apollonius, who named them in 220 B.C., and Archimedes, who studied their fascinating properties around 212 B.C. In previous articles in this journal, conic sections have been shown both as an algebraic, or parametric, representation (Vonder Embse 1997) and as a geometric, that is, a paper-folding, model (Scher 1996). Both articles offer important insights into the mathematical nature of the conic sections and into teaching methods that can integrate conics into our curriculum. Even though many textbooks discuss conic equations and their graphs, they do not fully develop locus definitions of conic sections.
Three-Rows Tabular Method
Authors: Sun Woodrow
Published: October 2020

This article presents a modification of the tabular method for evaluating two types of integrals that require using the integration-by-parts method twice. This shortcut method increases the usefulness of the tabular method. The integration-by-parts method can be very tedious and time-consuming when dealing with such integrals as
Activities: Visualizing Cost, Revenue, and Profit
Authors: Van Dyke Frances
Published: October 2020

Cost, revenue, and profit are frequently used in applications and are often modeled with linear functions. The sheets in this activity are designed to help students become familiar with the graphs, equations, and tables of these functions. For the cost line, we assume that certain fixed one-time costs occur and that a specific cost can be associated with each unit produced. For the revenue line, a fixed amount per unit is charged for the product, and the revenue is obtained from that charge. In this activity, we assume that everything that is produced is sold, so the profit is found by subtracting costs from revenue.
Implementing the Assessment Standards for School Mathematics: Re: Alignment
Authors: Long Vena M. , Benson Christine
Published: October 2020

The Assessment Standards for School Mathematics defines assessment as “the process of gathering evidence about a student's knowledge of, ability to use, and disposition toward mathematics and of making inferences from that evidence for a variety of purposes” (NCTM 1995, 3). Teachers’ responsibilities for assessment traditionally involved judging students’ performance throughout instruction and judging students’ knowledge and competence at crucial points during a term. Teachers gave tests and computed grades. These responsibilities have
Sine Curves and Spaghetti
Authors: Peterson Blake E. , Averbeck Patrick , Baker Lynanna
Published: October 2020

Each Summer for the past six years, middle school students from rural communities in Oregon have come to Oregon State University for the three-week-long SMILE summer physics camp. SMILE, Science and Math Investigative Learning Experience, an after-school enrichment program for rural minority students, is administered by Oregon State University.
Newton's Method for Square Root: A Spreadsheet Investigation and Extension into Chaos
Authors: Dugdale Sharon
Published: October 2020

Spreadsheets have become popular and effective tools for the dynamic exploration of recursively defined functions, the generalization of solutions to problems, and the visualization of mathematical ideas. This article discusses a spreadsheet model for approximating square roots then extends that model into the intriguing domain of chaos
Activities: Stitching Quilts into Coordinate Geometry
Authors: Westegaard Susanne K.
Published: October 2020

Quilts—useful items, visually appealing, steeped in history, and an integral part of our culture—can also be the jumping-off point for many mathematical investigations” (Morrow and Bassarear 1996). The history behind many quilt patterns offers an opportunity for crossdisciplinary projects with art and social studies classes. Such children's books as Eight Hands Round (Paul 1991) and Selina and the Bear Paw Quilt (Smucker 1995) connect mathematics with literature.
Media Clips
Authors: Wood Dorothy
Published: October 2020

We Welcome and encourage submissions to this department, which will comprise resources that teachers can use immediately or file away for future use. The assignments generated by these entries may range from starters for an entire class to full-blown projects for optional individual pursuit. Each lesson, though, should help convince our students that mathematics is useful, current, and newsworthy. Please send submissions to Media Clips, Mathematics Teacher, 1906 Association Drive, Reston, VA 20191-1593.
Technology
Authors: Kick Richard
Published: October 2020

Prices on software, books, and materials are subject to change. Consult the suppliers for the current prices. The comments reflect the reviewers' opinions and do not imply endorsement by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Proof by Contradiction and the Electoral College
Authors: Redmond Charles , Federici Michael P. , Platte Donald M.
Published: October 2020

We would like to share an interesting inter-disciplinary exercise that we have designed and used to bring together two seemingly disparate subjects. This exercise introduces proof by contradiction in a nonformal setting and has the added benefit of helping students gain a greater understanding of the electoral college. We worked with both high school and college students.
Ideas for Developing Students’ Reasoning: A Hungarian Perspective
Authors: Szombathelyi Anita , Szarvas Tibor
Published: October 2020

As the end of the twentieth century approaches, we start to realize again the significance of proof in mathematics education. The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) cautions against the tendency to completely abandon proofs and focus only on the end results and formulas. In this article, we reemphasize the importance of proofs in teaching by sharing some of our experiences as students and teachers in Hungary, in addition to our experiences as graduate teaching assistants at an American university. We offer examples and ideas that might help educators develop students' mathematical reasoning skills.
Proof in Modern Geometry
Authors: Izen Stanley P.
Published: October 2020

With the recent availability of such excellent geometry software as The Geometer's Sketchpad (Jackiw 1995). the geometry curriculum has been changed forever. In particular, the role of deductive proof in geometry is being thoroughly reevaluated. Some observers believe that deductive proof is no longer important, whereas others see it as a necessary part of mathematics education.
On Proofs and Their Performance as Works of Art
Authors: Winieki-Landman Greisy
Published: October 2020

The activity described in this article illustrates that such adjectives as elegant, surprising, concise, and challenging can be and in fact are attributed to proofs by a not very expert audience, even students of elementary algebra. You do not have to teach mathematics majors to hear someone in your class say something like “I don't like that proof…. Let's look for a more elegant way to justify the same result.”
Prove It
Authors: Prince Amy A.
Published: October 2020

Ask anyone who has taken high school geometry, and he or she will have a notion of a proof— generally, a two-column proof of statements and reasons. The two-column proof has fallen out of favor in such reform documents as the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, which seeks to emphasize “deductive arguments expressed orally or in sentence or paragraph form” (NCTM 1989, 126). The two-column proof is a somewhat rigid form, yet it demonstrates to the students that they may not just give statements or draw conclusions without sound mathematical reasons.
Soundoff!: In Defense of Mathematics Reform and the NCTM's Standards
Authors: Martinez Joseph G. R. , Martinez Nancy C.
Published: October 2020

In his 1998 “The State of Mathematics Education” address, Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley called for a “cease-fire in the current ‘math wars.’” Deploring “shortsighted, politicized, and harmful bickering over the teaching and learning of mathematics,” he worried that continuing “down this road of infighting, we will only negate the gains we have already made—and the real losers will be the students of America.”
Activities: Shedding Light on the Subject
Authors: Keller Brain A
Published: October 2020

Imagine yourself swjmming in the ocean. On the basis of the photograph in figure 1, take a moment to make a conjecture about the graph of the light intensity as a function of your depth. Before continuing to read this article, select in figure 2 one graph that matches your conjecture. Most students intuitively understand that the light intensity decreases as the depth increases. All the conjectures depicted in figure 2 show decreasing light intensity. However, students frequently disagree on the shape of the curve. These differences result from two informal yet incorrect observations. One belief is that no light exists at extreme depths in the ocean, so the graph reaches zero. A second belief is that little change occurs in the light intensity near the surface of the water, so the curve shows a gradual initial change. The simple question of how the light intensity changes as a function of depth provides an excellent catalyst and center for the following activity involving light.
Projects
Authors: Kasten Peggy
Published: October 2020

The Cincinnati Public Schools received a National Science Foundation, Urban Systemic Initiative (USI) Grant in 1994. The USl unit wanted to add an integrated mathematics component to its curriculum. Integrated Mathematics (SIMMS IM), an NSF curriculum project, seemed a good fit, and work began in 1995-1996 to plan its inclusion as a pilot curriculum.
Supra-professional competences of pedagogues of the XXI century
Authors: Pesha Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Evplova Ekaterina Viktorovna
Published: October 2020

Digitalization and advancement of knowledge economy, formation and proliferation of the new technological didactics based on the didactic tetrahedron, lead to requirements changes in the development of pedagogical competencies. These trends influence the selection of the topic of research aimed at studying the relevance of formation of supra-professional competencies of future pedagogues. The goal of this work consists in carrying out an empirical study, based on the content analysis of previous research, of the opinions of students of pedagogical universities on the importance of self-evaluation and evaluation of opportunities for the development of supra-professional competencies essential for the pedagogues of the XXI century. The online survey involved 150 students from three pedagogical universities – Ural State Pedagogical University, South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, and Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. The article presents an original definition of the concept of “supra-professional competence”, as well as makes an overview of national and foreign literature on the matter. The authors revealed the results of pilot study conducted among students of the aforementioned pedagogical universities. As a result of the research, based on the collected opinions of the students of 7 fields of study in two perspectives – self-evaluation of the level of development of students’ competencies and assessment of the importance of competences on the job market. The acquired results of assessment of opportunities for the development of supra-professional competences testify to the fact that there is room for improvement of educational process.
Features of environmental non-formal education
Authors: Zakharova Olga Vladimirovna , Suvorova Lyudmila Grigor'evna , Zakharov Anton Viktorovich
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify the most significant characteristics of the environmental educational program from the point of view of visitors and experts. The object of the study is informal environmental education, and the subject is the program of informal environmental education implemented at the ethnographic camp "Uvăs Mir Hot" (House of Northern People). Special attention is paid to the substantive and formal characteristics of the program under study. The authors' contribution to the research of the topic is to highlight the characteristics of the program that effectively affect visitors and change their attitude to the environment. At the first stage, the analysis of theoretical studies devoted to modern environmental education was carried out and basic characteristics were identified. At the second stage, the content and formal characteristics of the educational program are analyzed. At the third stage, three types of reviews were analyzed, which made it possible to identify the most effective characteristics of the educational program. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive research method involving the analysis of several types of reviews to determine the most effective characteristics of the educational program, as well as in the description of the unique platform on which the program is implemented. The theoretical significance of the study is related to the search for an optimal set of meaningful and formal characteristics of educational programs that form responsible environmental behavior. It is concluded that environmental education is impossible in the old educational paradigm, therefore, a variant of informal additional environmental education based on the wisdom of indigenous peoples and containing elements inherent in modern environmental education is proposed. However, a number of characteristics need further refinement. The content characteristics were not reflected in the reviews, although the formal characteristics of environmental education are recorded (emotional and aesthetic impact, informal nature, involvement in the issues discussed, the playful nature of the events). The analysis of the expertise carried out by specialist teachers shows the presence of almost all the characteristics of the educational program. The results of the study can be used to improve the program under consideration, and environmental education programs in general.
Application of the “World Café” methodology in pedagogical research
Authors: Ermakov Dmitry Sergeevich
Published: October 2020

Recent transformations in pedagogical theory and practice arouse interest in innovative methods. The developed in the late XX century methodology of conducting an informal focused discourse “World Café” can be applied for solution of complex issues, integration of opinions of the experts in different fields, arrangement of group work, recapitulation, exchange of experience, etc. Currently, this technique enjoys popularity worldwide. The subject of this research is the history of creation, functional capabilities and peculiarities of application of the “World Café” methodology in pedagogical research. The article presents a brief overview of on the history of its emergence. The fundamental principles and rules of its implementation are outlined. The article reveals the peculiarities of application of “World Café” in scientific-pedagogical purposes as a qualitative method of research of socio-constructivist direction, which facilitates the dialogue, opens access to knowledge and opinions of broad range of participants, advances mutual learning, as well as serves as the source of valuable information. The author analyzed Russian and foreign examples of application of “World Café” methodology for resolving the indicated issues. The article describes the characteristics of this method in comparison with such methods of obtaining quality information as individual interviews and focus groups. Comparative merits and flaws are identified.
Promoting Color Brightness of Clown Loach (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) by Mixing Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Powder with Feed Stuff
Authors: Yustiati Ayi , Zurwana Syakirah Imtinan , Rizal Achmad , Andriani Yuli
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal dose of the addition of red spinach powder to artificial feed on the brightness of clown loach. This research was conducted at Aquaculture Laboratory Building 4 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences of Universitas Padjadjaran from April to May 2020. This research method is experimental with a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The red spinach powder addition treatment used 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the feed amount. The parameters observed are color value as primary data by using Toca Color Finder, while the growth, survival rate, and water quality as support data. Color assessment results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, if there were significant differences, Z test would be performed. Growth data and survival rates were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Because the F test results were not significantly different, the Duncan test was not carried out. The results showed that the addition of  6% red spinach powder is the best treatment with an increased color brightness value of 5,63.
Dextrose Prolotherapy for Muscle, Tendon and Ligament Injury or Pathology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Margaretha Evlin , Rahmadian Rizki
Published: October 2020

Background: Prolotherapy with dextrose has recently gained attention as a potential treatment for muscle, ligament or tendon pathology/injury.

Questions/Purpose: This review aimed to: 1) evaluate the main outcome of dextrose prolotherapy treatment for muscle, ligament or tendon pathology/injury; 2) determine the concentrations of dextrose and protocol of injection; and 3) assess complications or adverse effects after dextrose prolotherapy.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched for related published articles. Articles that met the following criteria were included in this review: 1) articles on peer-reviewed level 1 to 4 studies; 2) articles published in English; 3) articles on dextrose prolotherapy study for tendon or ligament or muscle injury/pathology; and 5) articles that describe dose of dextrose. Published articles that met this inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review.

Results: Twenty four studies fulfilled inclusion criteria,consisting of seventeen clinical studies, four animal studies and three invitro studies. Eleven studies reported there were improvement of functional outcome after dextrose prolotherapy. Three Studies reported improvement of patient satisfaction after dextroprolotherapy in supraspinatus tear, Achilles tendinopathy. And patellar tendinopathy, meniscus tear and anterior tibiofibular ligament tear. Three studies reported there are increasing of neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy and patellar tendinopathy in animal studies, increasing of inflammatory response in animal studies and in vitro studies and increasing of cell proliferation and collagen production. Nine studies (52%) use dextrose 25% concentration. A few adverse effects were reported and  minor effect, such as discomfort  Minor soreness, extreme pain, skin burns 2nd grade, hypotension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) ( patient has history DVT).

Conclusions: Dextrose Prolotherapy is a potentially effective treatment for patients with muscle, tendon or ligament tear or pathology. Efficacy in long term follow-up, as single therapy or first-line therapy cannot be determined from the current literature.
Contrast Induced Nephropathy- A Single Centre Observational Study
Authors: Rai Rohit , Singla Rahul , Shaikh Shakil S. , Bansal Narender O.
Published: October 2020

Background: CIN is an important cause of morbidity and mortality post cardiac procedures. Renal derangement and diabetes being the most important risk factors. Multifactorial causation of the disorder led us to study the risk factors associated with CIN.

Methods: All patients who underwent cardiac procedures between March 2019 and March 2020 were screened for CIN and included in the study. Out of the 3192 patients screened 99 patients were diagnosed with CIN. Parameters such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, CKD, anemia, duration of hospital stay, cardiogenic shock, number of stents, amount and type of contrast, Ejection Fraction, creatinine clearance before and after the procedure, concomitant nephrotoxic drugs were also recorded. 

Results: Ninety-nine patients developed CIN amounting to 3% of the total procedures, 11% expired, 18% required dialysis, average creatinine clearance before the procedure was 53.15 ml/min/1.73 m2 and post procedure it was 29.16 ml/min/1.73 m2, 51.5% of cases had creatinine clearance prior to procedure <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 60.6% were diabetic, 81.8% were hypertensive, 30.3% were anaemic, 15% had heart failure, 33% required ventilatory assistance, average haemoglobin level was 11.83 mg/dl, 33% received iso-osmolar contrast and 45% had EF of 35% or less.

Conclusions: CIN has a multifactorial causation most common being prior renal derangement and diabetes mellitus. This is one of a kind study in this part of country among cardiac patients. Newer biomarkers of kidney injury could also be studied in future.
Watershed Management of Joda-Barbil Mining Area, Odisha, India: A Geospatial Approach
Authors: Panda Smruti Ranjan , Barik Kamal Kumar , Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: October 2020

Geological Information System plays vital protagonist in watershed management particularly in mining areas in hilly terrain .Though GIS cannot be a resource for analytical resources but can be efficiently used for mapping and related engineering activities within the watershed. Present study is based on watershed management Geospatial Technology with spatial reference to mining area in order to suggest the best possible management strategies to protect crop field, degraded forest cover and maintain the energy balance. The software employed are Arc GIS 10.1 and ERDAS Imagine 9.2 for the analysis. The slope, flow direction, flow accumulation and the contour maps have been constructed to search for the ground water potential zone and analyzed for searching lacking hydraulic structures beyond the existing one. Proposal for adequate numbers of new check dams, percolating boulder bundhs, vegetative barriers and gulley bundhs are found out as ameliorative measures to develop backward tribal mining areas of Odisha.
Effect of Climate Change on Productivity and Profitability of Chickpea Cultivars under Various Dates of Sowing in Rice Fallows
Authors: Ray M. , Sahoo K. C. , Mohanty T. R. , Mishra P. , Mishra N. , Sahoo S. K. , Tudu S.
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was carried out during rabi  season of three consecutive years of 2017-18, 2018-19  and 2019-20  at Field Experimental Block, RRTTS, Keonjhar, Odisha  to study the effect of heat and thermal unit use of chickpea  cultivars under various dates of sowing. The experiment was laid out in a Split plot Design with twelve treatments combinations, four dates of sowing (1st November, 15th November, 30th November and 15th December) kept in main plots, and three varieties of chickpea (JAKI - 9218, JG-14, JG-16) in sub plots with three replications. The results of the experiments revealed that chickpea sown on 15th November registered the maximum mean grain yield of 1040 kg/ha, fetched maximum mean net return of Rs. 26895/- per ha with B:C of 1.89. Growing chickpea variety JAKI 9218 fetched maximum mean net return of Rs. 27850/- per ha with B:C of 1.67. The maximum GDD to reach maturity (2316.3 days) and heliothermal unit was recorded  on 1st November while minimum GDD of 1860.5 days was observed on 15th December. Among cultivars, JAKI 9218 had higher thermal unit requirement. Photothermal unit from date of emergence to maturity stage accounted higher with 1st November sowing, while lowest PTU were observed with the crop sown on 15th December during both all the years.  Variety  JAKI 9218 accounted non-significantly higher PTU than JG14 and JG 16 at all the phenological stages of the crop during all the years.
Pathological Markers for Brucellosis, a Bacterial Challenge: A Review
Authors: Wardhan Rashmi
Published: October 2020

The Brucellosis, caused by Brucellae species is an infectious disease infecting animals and human population. Unlike other bacteria Brucella does not secrete toxin but is pathogenic because of prolonged stay and replication in host. B. melitensis is most virulent among six classified species. In this paper the proteins responsible for virulence, survival and replication like two-component regulatory system BvrR/BvrS (TCS BvrRS) , type IV secretary system and effectors molecules have been discussed from different perspective to target and inhibit Brucellae inter cellular growth. The various defined effectors may be possible target for inhibitors for future. Genetically the Brucella chromosome II having pathogenic virB operon maybe engineered for regulation and expression .The available vaccines and inhibitors against bacterial infections are highlighted with side effects . There is urgent need to redesign fool proof vaccines and drugs to protect animals and human population before it challenges to be another pandemic like cholera or plague.
The Possible Protective Effect of Metformin in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Abdulsahib Waleed K.
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections with more than 30 million confirmed cases are increasing rapidly, requiring urgent and safe treatment. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus responsible for the infection of COVID-19. Metformin (M) is a biguanide drug used as a first choice for the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, it is safe and currently available. It is speculated that metformin can be used for T2DM patients with COVID-19, because in addition to its hypoglycemic effect, this biguanide also shows many beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory effects and cardiopulmonary protection especially by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) targeting. Therefore, the reasons for the use of metformin in COVID-19 patients were discussed in this study. Metformin has a promising role in treatment of COVID-19 in T2DM and obese women patients.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small-scale Maize Harvester for Developing Countries
Authors: Vodounnou Julus H. , Ajav Emmanuel A. , Bagan Gontrand C. , Chegnimonhan Victorin K.
Published: October 2020

A small-scale maize harvester was designed and fabricated for developing countries and is composed of a harvester header, a chain conveyor, a drive power unit and a five-wheel tricycle. Fabrication of components was made and assembling of the devices on the tricycle was done. The performance evaluation of the small-scale maize harvester was done at 15% kernels moisture content (wet basis). Three rotational speeds of the engine, 1347, 1521 and 1937 rpm were used, while the forward velocity of the harvester was kept at an average of 0.617 km.hr-1. The testing experiment revealed significant effect of physical properties of maize (p<0,05). The highest machine capacity was obtained at 0.05 ha.hr-1, while the highest driving efficiency was 97.30% and the highest picking and conveying efficiencies were 84.11% and 98.21%, respectively. However, it was observed that the machine noise level decreased with increase in engine speed. Also, the engine speed affected both picking and conveying efficiencies. The designed machine is found suitable for most smallholder farms.