bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of priority development of the export of products of agro-industrial complex of Russia until 2024
Authors: Elina Ol'ga
Published: April 2020

The book describes the development of resulting research opportunities and prospects of promoting the products of agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia in the international markets. The authors ' study showed that Russia continues to increase its place in world trade of agricultural products.
Presents the author's concept of increasing exports of agricultural products to Russia to $ 45 billion by 2024, identified strategic options, and proposed development model of export agriculture, the expedience, methods and instruments of realization of measures of state support of export of agricultural products.
For a wide range of readers interested in the development and export of the APC.
Antioxidants of plants and methods of their definition
Authors: Golubkina Nadezhda , Kekina Elena , Molchanova Anna , Nadezhkin Sergey
Published: April 2020

The monograph presents the most simple and widely used methods for determining the most important of plant antioxidants: vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids, capsaicin, and belinovich photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, tannins, and minerals antioxidant: selenium and iodine. Special attention is paid to methods of extraction of antioxidants, providing maximum extraction of antioxidants from plant material, and the correct selection of the most appropriate method of analysis of one or another component. Provides detailed information developed by the authors method of using thin layer chromatography to assess the carotenoid composition of tomatoes and peppers.
The data presented here include results of research conducted on the basis of FICO, as well as the latest developments of foreign scientists devoted to natural antioxidants and methods of their determination. Presented in this monograph methodology was successfully tested in the laboratory and analytical Department of PNCO in 2012-2018.
For students and teachers and all interested in horticulture and agriculture.
Measuring the topological charge of terahertz vortex beams with a focal hyperbolic lens
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Niu Liting , Yang Zhengang , Liu Jinsong
Published: April 2020

An efficient method is proposed to measure the topological charge (TC) of terahertz (THz) vortex beams with a focal hyperbolic (FH) lens at 0.1 THz. The FH lens is designed and fabricated by 3D printing. The diffraction fringes acquired in the focal plane of the FH lens can judge the number and sign of the TC. Furthermore, after the horizontal or vertical measurement curve is recorded by rotating the FH lens to a suitable angle, the TC value can then be simply and effectively identified. The TC value of the experiment measurement reaches 5. The experiment results are in excellent accord with the simulation.
Onboard wake vortex localization with a coherent 1.5 µm Doppler LIDAR for aircraft in formation flight configuration
Authors: Michel D. T. , Dolfi-Bouteyre A. , Goular D. , Augère B. , Planchat C. , Fleury D. , Lombard L. , Valla M. , Besson C.
Published: April 2020

An onboard LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensor designed to track wake vortex created by aircraft in formation flight is presented. It uses short pulses (75 ns) to obtain a spatial resolution of ∼22.5 m required to resolve small-scale structures of vortices and a blind zone of 17.5 m to locate vortices next to the wing tip. Monte Carlo simulations show that vortex centers could be located within ±0.5 m. Flight tests were performed with two aircraft in formation flight configuration. The LIDAR, installed in the following aircraft, was able to measure, in real time (every 6 s), the air flow velocities induced by the vortices created by the leading aircraft. The software was used to determine the vortex centers. These measurements were coupled to global positioning system (GPS) measurements of the two aircraft positions to determine the falling velocity of the vortices and infer their circulations.
Quantum-inspired Fredkin gate based on spatial modes of light
Authors: Urrego Daniel F. , Lopez-Mago Dorilian , Vicuña-Hernández Verónica , Torres Juan P.
Published: April 2020

Insights gained from quantum physics can inspire novel classical technologies. These quantum-inspired technologies are protocols that aim at mimicking particular features of quantum algorithms. They are generally easier to implement and make use of intense beams. Here we demonstrate in a proof-of-concept experiment a quantum-inspired protocol based on the idea of quantum fingerprinting (Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 167902, 2001).The carriers of information are optical beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM). These beams allow the implementation of a Fredkin gate or polarization-controlled SWAP operation that exchanges data encoded on beams with different OAM. We measure the degree of similarity between waveforms and strings of bits without unveiling the information content of the data.
Attosecond resolution from free running interferometric measurements
Authors: Krüger Constantin , Fuchs Jaco , Cattaneo Laura , Keller Ursula
Published: April 2020

Attosecond measurements reveal new physical insights in photoionization dynamics from atoms, molecules and condensed matter. However, on such time scales even a small timing jitter can significantly reduce the time resolution in pump-probe measurements. Here, we propose a novel technique to retrieve attosecond delays from a well-established attosecond interferometric technique, referred to as reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition (RABBITT), which is unaffected by timing jitter and significantly improves the precision of state-of-the-art experiments. We refer to this new technique as the timing-jitter unaffected rabbitt time delay extraction method, in short TURTLE. Using this TURTLE technique we could measure the attosecond ionization time delay between argon and neon in full agreement with prior measurements. The TURTLE technique allows for attosecond time resolution without pump-probe time delay stabilization and without attosecond pulses because only a stable XUV frequency comb is required as a pump. This will more easily enable attosecond measurements at FELs, for example, and thus provide a valuable tool for attosecond science. Here we also make a MATLAB code available for the TURTLE fit with appropriate citation in return.
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain using double-cladding fiber based hybrid Bragg grating
Authors: Hu Qihao , Wang Pengrui , Rao Binyu , Wang Meng , Wang Zefeng , Xu Xiaojun
Published: April 2020

A novel hybrid fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for simultaneous measurement temperature and strain is proposed. This sensor is fabricated by inscribing fusion splice joint between two types of fibers using excimer laser and phase mask. Due to the different characteristics of the two fibers, the two resonance peaks have different responses to temperature and strain, and both physical parameters can be demodulated by analyzing the central wavelength shifts. Practical measuring results show that the hybrid FBG proposed in this paper can precisely achieve simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. This work provides a new scheme for multi-parameter simultaneous sensing.
Biometric Aesthetics
Authors: Heynen Robert
Published: April 2020

This article examines contemporary biometric science against the backdrop of its development in nineteenth century eugenic and biostatistical practices, most notably the composite photography of Francis Galton. Focusing on automated face recognition, the article argues that contemorary biometric science is inextricable from its aesthetic investments, which in turn shape the ways in which faces and bodies are differentiated in identification systems. Based on a close reading of biometric engineering texts and projects, this aesthetico-scientific approach offers new ways of conceptualizing how biometrics constitutes rather than merely reflects bodies, and encodes racist, misogynist, and other social logics into the conception and design of technologies themselves. These are not biases that can be corrected, as ostensibly progressive biometric projects like IBM’s Diversity in Faces initiative suggest, but rather are inextricable from the biometric desire to render faces and bodies as transparent and machine-readable.
Digiti Sonus and Eyes
Authors: Han Yoon Chung
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses design process and motivations of two interactive biometric data artworks (Digiti Sonus and Eyes). Narratives and artistic explorations using two forms of biometric data, from fingerprints and the iris, are discussed based on insights from various fields such as genetics, visual feature analysis, user interface design and data visualization and sonification. Digiti Sonus and Eyes extracted the unique visual features of each type of biometric data and transformed the data into musical sound with multimodal interactions so that the result was real time experimental sound. Various aspects of the two artworks are compared in this paper.
The Ghost in the Machine: Biometric Data, Medical Imaging, and Embodied Narrative
Authors: Bracken Rachel Conrad
Published: April 2020

abstract submitted in response to CFP for special issue “Biometrics”
Microwave Satellite Systems for Hydrological Monitoring
Authors: Khvostov I.V.
Published: April 2020

This paper considers existing and promising satellite microwave radiometry systems suitable for the evaluation of geophysical (hydrological) parameters of atmosphere, ocean, and land. A comparative analysis is provided for data sets available for end-users. Algorithms and tools for processing and visualization of satellite data are discussed. The capabilities of modern satellite systems to perform specific tasks of remote sensing are described using the example of a river flood in the Altai region in 2014. Monitoring soil moisture of upper layers of soil on floodplains combined with meteorological forecasts allows assessment of the probability of river flooding at certain areas using values of maximum soil moisture capacity. The effect of changes in the physical properties of ice during its destruction is discussed. This effect has been discovered by analyzing the dynamics of daily satellite measurements of brightness temperatures. It can be considered as a harbinger of ice condition changes of large freshwater bodies. The analysis of brightness temperature seasonal variations is presented using the example of Lake Big Bear (Canada).
Congenital hyperinsulinism due to compound heterozygous mutations in ABCC8 responsive to diazoxide therapy
Authors: Taylor-Miller Tashunka , Houghton Jayne , Munyard Paul , Kumar Yadlapalli , Puvirajasinghe Clinda , Giri Dinesh
Published: April 2020

Background

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), a condition characterized by dysregulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells, remains one of the most common causes of hyperinsulinemic, hypoketotic hypoglycemia in the newborn period. Mutations in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 constitute the majority of genetic forms of CHI.

Case presentation

A term macrosomic male baby, birth weight 4.81 kg, born to non-consanguineous parents, presented on day 1 of life with severe and persistent hypoglycemia. The biochemical investigations confirmed a diagnosis of CHI. Diazoxide was started and progressively increased to 15 mg/kg/day to maintain normoglycemia. Sequence analysis identified compound heterozygous mutations in ABCC8 c.4076C>T and c.4119+1G>A inherited from the unaffected father and mother, respectively. The mutations are reported pathogenic. The patient is currently 7 months old with a sustained response to diazoxide.

Conclusions

Biallelic ABCC8 mutations are known to result in severe, diffuse, diazoxide-unresponsive hypoglycemia. We report a rare patient with CHI due to compound heterozygous mutations in ABCC8 responsive to diazoxide.
Enzyme inhibitory assessment of the isolated constituents fromPlantago holosteumScop.
Authors: Guragac Dereli F. Tugce , Genc Yasin , Saracoglu Iclal , Kupeli Akkol Esra
Published: April 2020

Plants of thePlantagogenus are widely used in Turkish folk medicine especially for the treatment of wound, abscess, and inflammation. The aqueous extract and five phenylethanoid glycosides acteoside (1), arenarioside (2), echinacoside (3), isoacteoside (4), and leucosceptoside A (5) isolated from the aerial parts and roots ofPlantago holosteumScop. (Plantaginaceae) were tested for their possible inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, elastase, and collagenase, related to wound pathogenesis. Even though the aqueous extract prepared from the aerial parts (36.26%) and roots (47.01%) and the isolated compounds acteoside (29.13%), echinacoside (28.73%), and isoacteoside (31.69%) exerted a notable inhibition, arenarioside and leucosceptoside A were found inactive in the hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition test. Similar results were obtained from the collagenase enzyme inhibition test. The aqueous extract prepared from the aerial parts (31.09%) and roots (35.17%), echinacoside (25.13%), and isoacteoside (23.85%) exerted a notable inhibition in this test. However, none of the extracts and isolated compounds displayed elastase enzyme inhibitory activity. The experimental data demonstrated thatP. holosteumdisplayed a remarkable enzyme inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase and collagenase. This paper is the first report regarding the in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity ofP. holosteum.
Decoding Task-Specific Cognitive States with Slow, Directed Functional Networks in the Human Brain
Authors: Ajmera Shagun , Jain Hritik , Sundaresan Mali , Sridharan Devarajan
Published: April 2020

Flexible functional interactions among brain regions mediate critical cognitive functions. Such interactions can be measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data either with instantaneous (zero-lag) or lag-based (time-lagged) functional connectivity. Because the fMRI hemodynamic response is slow, and is sampled at a timescale (seconds) several orders of magnitude slower than the underlying neural dynamics (milliseconds), simulation studies have shown that lag-based fMRI functional connectivity, measured with approaches like Granger–Geweke causality (GC), provides spurious and unreliable estimates of underlying neural interactions. Experimental verification of this claim is challenging because neural ground truth connectivity is often unavailable concurrently with fMRI recordings. Here we demonstrate that, despite these widely held caveats, GC networks estimated from fMRI recordings contain useful information for classifying task-specific cognitive states. We estimated instantaneous and lag-based GC functional connectivity networks using fMRI data from 1000 participants (Human Connectome Project database). A linear classifier, trained on either instantaneous or lag-based GC, reliably discriminated among seven different task and resting brain states, with >80% cross-validation accuracy. With network simulations, we demonstrate that instantaneous and lag-based GC exploited interactions at fast and slow timescales, respectively, to achieve robust classification. With human fMRI data, instantaneous and lag-based GC identified complementary, task–core networks. Finally, variations in GC connectivity explained inter-individual variations in a variety of cognitive scores. Our findings show that instantaneous and lag-based methods reveal complementary aspects of functional connectivity in the brain, and suggest that slow, directed functional interactions, estimated with fMRI, may provide useful markers of behaviorally relevant cognitive states.
РОЗВИТОК ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ НА ЕТАПІ НАВЧАННЯ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: СПРОБА КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Омельченко Марина
Published: April 2020

Дана стаття присвячена проблемі пошуку детермінант професійного розвитку особистості на етапі професійної підготовки. Особливу увагу авторка приділяє процесу розвитку професійної свідомості, обґрунтовує його вирішальну роль у становленні особистості майбутнього фахівця, оскільки саме цей процес визначає формування індивідуального стилю діяльності людини, розвиток професійної творчості й прогресивних поглядів, формування інтересів, цінностей, мотивів, рефлексії. Підкреслюється актуальність проблеми структуризації професійної свідомості, визначення її місця і значення в механізмі професійного розвитку особистості. Встановлено й інші фактори професійного розвитку особистості – професійно-особистісні якості й професійна компетентність, обґрунтовано їхню взаємообумовленість. На основі науко­вого аналізу структури професійної свідомості та її складових компонентів – когнітивного, реф­лек­сивного, аксіологічного, мотиваційного, афективного блоків  визначено відповідні напрямки розвитку професійної свідомості  та їхні показники: усвідомлення професійної дійсності; становлення професійного «Я»; усвідомлене оцінювання себе як фахівця; усвідомлення професійних цінностей; визначення свідомих професійних мотивів; усвідомлене переживання професійних емоцій; усвідомлене уникнення професійних стресів і вигорання. На основі виділених детермінант професійного розвитку (становлення професійно-особистісних якостей і професійної компетентності фахівця), а також напрямків розвитку професійної свідомості розроблено й представлено авторську модель становлення професійної свідомості фахівця. Отримані шляхом аналітичного огляду літератури дані дозволяють перейти до наступного етапу – дослідження механізмів розвитку професійної свідомості з метою розроблення відповідних ефективних тренінгових програм і оптимізації процесу професійної підготовки фахівців у закладах вищої освіти
METHOD OF GENERAL SCIENTIFIC ONTOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
Authors: Lebedev Sergey
Published: April 2020

The article describes the method of General scientific ontological justification of scientific theories. Its essence consists in the following: 1) proof of the absence of logical contradiction between a particular scientific theory and a scientific picture of the world; 2) the interpretation of specific scientific theories in terms of relevant General scientific picture of the world; 3) the withdrawal of the main provisions will describe a scientific theory as a consequence of the General scientific picture of the world. The General scientific ontological justification of the scientific theory is only one of the factors of legitimization of the new theory as true along with three other forms of its legitimization: paradigmatic, epistemological and philosophical justification.
Interatrial Shunting for Treating Acute and Chronic Left Heart Failure
Authors: Guimaraes Leonardo , del Val David , Bergeron Sebastien , O’Connor Kim , Bernier Mathieu , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: April 2020

The creation of an interatrial shunt has emerged as a new therapy to decompress the left atrium in patients with acute and chronic left heart failure (HF). Current data support the safety of this therapy, and promising preliminary efficacy results have been reported in patients who are refractory to optimal medical/device therapy. This article aims to provide an updated overview and clinical perspective on interatrial shunting for treating different HF conditions, and highlights the potential challenges and future directions of this therapy.
Multi-fractal Behaviors of long term daily relative humidity and temperature observed over Benin synoptic stations (West Africa)
Authors: Agbazo Medard Noukpo , Gabin Koton'Gobi , Basile Kounouhewa , Eric Alamou , Abel Afouda , Norbert Hounkonnou
Published: April 2020

The multifractal structure of daily temperature and relative humidity is investigated in this study. Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) method has been applied on data observed from 1967 to 2012 at the six synoptic stations of Benin (Cotonou, Bohicon, Parakou, Save, Natitingou and Kandi). We estimate the generalized Hurst exponent, the Renyi exponent, and the singularity spectrum from the data to quantify the multi-fractal behaviors. The results show that multi-fractality exists in both daily humidity and temperature record at Benin synoptic stations. It shows multi-fractality with the curves of h (q), τ (q) and D (q), depending on the values of q. The comparison of the multifractal properties shows that, at all the synoptic stations, the multifractal strength of the temperature is significantly different from the feature the humidity.For the temperature, among the six study sites, the multifractal strength at Natitingou is largest (∆α = 0.6917). This means that Natitingou is the city in which the multifractal property is strongly observed for temperature. At Parakou the multifractal strength is smallest (∆α = 0.5252), meaning that Parakou is the city in which the multifractal property is weakly observed. At all synoptic stations the multifractal strength are superior to 0.5 (Δα> 0.5) indicating the degree of multifractal in temperature time series.For the relative humidity, multifractal strength is smallest Kandi (∆α = 0.3031). This means that Kandi is the city in which the multifractal property is weakly observed. Furthermore, the multifractal strength of Parakou is largest (∆α = 0.7691) meaning that for the relative humidity, Parakou is the city in which the multifractal property is strongly observed. The geographic distribution of the multifractal strength reflects the role of climate dynamic processes on the multi-fractal behavior of humidity and the distinctiveness of physical processes in Benin.
Soil erosion risk zoning in the Ecuadorian coastal region using geo-technological tools
Authors: Pacheco Henry Antonio , Méndez Williams , Moro Armando
Published: April 2020

The activation of erosive processes on the slopes of the drainage catchments in the Ecuadorian coastal region represents a serious environmental problem that results in a loss of soil resources with the consequent reduction in agricultural productivity, an increasing lack of areas with vegetation, and decreased water quality. These issues increase, among other things, the probability of flooding. The purpose of this research is to zone soil erosion risk in the Manabí province, which is located on the Ecuadorian coast. The methodology is supported by the employment of Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) in order to access and process information of interest, such as: precipitation data with which to calculate the R Factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE); topography, which was employed to create a slope map from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ASTER; vegetation cover, by applying the Standard Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); land use, through the interpretation of orthophotos and a field survey; and infiltration capacity, obtained by considering the texture of the soil. The factors were combined by means a weighted relationship (map algebra) and exploiting the potential of software for the design of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results indicate the presence of soils with little or without vegetal protection, in areas with steep slopes, moderate rainfall and extensive farming activities. These characteristics determine conditions of high soil erodability, and propitiate the triggering of erosive processes. This scenario shows the need for autonomous governments to implement policies, strategies and actions so as to promote the strengthening of institutional and community capacities that will promote environmental sustainability.
Impact of different standard lighting sources on red jadeite and color quality grading
Authors: Pan Xin , Guo Ying , Liu Ziyuan , Zhang Zikai , Shi Yuxiang
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the standard light source for grading and displaying the color of red jadeite and to classify the color. With Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the results show that, the Fe 3+ is the main chromogenic mineral of red jadeite, which negatively correlates with the tonal angle, while the color of red jadeite has a positive correlation with the hematite content. The color of 120 red jadeite samples was examined by collecting the reflective signaled from the sample surface using an integrating sphere with the portable X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. The color parameters of jadeite samples under D65, A and CWF standard light sources were analyzed. The light spectrum of D65 light source is continuous, relatively smoothed with high color temperature, which makes the sample color close to that under the natural light and can be used as the best evaluation light source. A light source contributes to improve the red tone of jadeite, which is the best light source for commercial display of red jadeite. CWF light source can be used as the auxiliary lighting for color evaluation. The color of red jadeite is divided into five levels from best to worst using K-Means cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis under D65 light source: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.
A catastrophic landslide triggered debris flow in China’s Yigong: factors, dynamic processes, and tendency
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Ningsheng , Zhao Yuandi , Liu Mei , Wang Weiyu
Published: April 2020

A Catastrophic Landslide Triggered Debris Flow (CLDF) hazard with a scale of 0.3 billion m3 occurred in the Zhamunong gully on April 9th, 2000. It is of great scientific and engineering significance to study the main controlling factors and dynamic processes of this CLDF, and the future development trend of similar hazards. First, we collect the data of the prehazard precipitation, temperature and earthquake, as well as the seismic waves generated by the disaster. Second, we use multiple methods on the data, including the EPA and SPI computing methods, Fast Fourier transform (FFT), the engineering geological survey, the calculation method of landslide stability, the FLAC numerical simulation method and rock mechanics experiment, etc. Third, the processed data is analyzed, and the results are shown as follows: (1) The motivating factors of the 2000 CLDF were a long-term freeze-thaw cycle, a dry-wet cycle and an earthquake. It is reasonable that the Ms 4.8 earthquake was a direct inducing factor before the occurrence of the 2000 CLDF. (2) Based on the ground vibration spectrum recorded by the Linzhi seismic station, the dynamic processes of the 2000 LTDF have four processes, which are the joint and crack development process in the landslide, the crack fracture and sliding process, the landslide translating into the debris flow and the movement and deposition of the debris flow. (3) The density of the 2000 CLDF is 2.0 t·m-3, the average velocity of the 2000 CLDF is 30.12 m·s-1, and the discharge process of the 2000 CLDF first increases and then decreases. (4) Based on the adequately internal and external geological conditions, a CLDF of the Zhamunong gully may occur in the future. The research results are useful in establishing a foundation for further study on the dynamic mechanism of CLDFs and hazard reduction countermeasures.
Complex Failure Simulation of Underinclined Shale Slope Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Bin , Huang Da
Published: April 2020

A landslide occurred in the cut slope located in Chongqing west railway station, this slope belongs to a under-dip shale slope, which means that its bedding dip angle is larger than slope angle and it is comprised of soft rock. Some on-site investigations have been made to explore the deformation characteristics of this slope, the outcome suggested that sliding, buckling and toppling deformation existed at its different parts. To elucidate the complex failure mechanism exhibited by the under-dip slope under the long-term influence of gravity and material deterioration, the discrete element method has been employed in simulations. The simulated failure patterns have proven to be in strong agreement with the actual slope failure. This study suggests that sliding, buckling and toppling occur at different parts of the studied slope in sequence.
Caracterización de la exposición prenatal de un grupo de niños de 0 a 5 años con cardiopatía congénita atendidos en Cali, Colombia. La importancia del ácido fólico
Authors: Ramírez-Cheyne Julián
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Con una prevalencia estimada de 4 a 9 casos por cada 1 000 nacimientos, las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) tienen gran impacto en la morbimortalidad pediátrica. La variabilidad de prevalencia se ha atribuido a diferencias regionales en cuanto a factores genéticos, ambientales, entre otros.Objetivo. Obtener datos sobre variables de exposición prenatales de pacientes con CC atendidos en Cali, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta a las madres de 30 pacientes de 0 a 5 años con CC atendidos en 2 clínicas de alta complejidad (tercer y cuarto nivel) de Cali. La encuesta estaba orientada a múltiples variables de exposición y la información recolectada fue digitalizada en una base de datos en el programa Microsoft Excel para hacer un análisis estadístico descriptivo.Resultados. Se evidenciaron varias exposiciones potencialmente asociadas a CC, tales como índice de masa corporal alterado, administración inadecuada de suplementos de ácido fólico y exposición a vitamina A, rayos X, alcohol y cigarrillo.Conclusión. El consumo insuficiente o inoportuno de ácido fólico podría facilitar la generación de efectos teratogénicos de sustancias oxidantes. Por lo tanto, se debe educar a las mujeres de Cali sobre la importancia de una ingesta adecuada de ácido fólico y sobre los riesgos de la exposición a agentes teratogénicos durante el embarazo para reducir las tasas de incidencia de CC en esta ciudad.
Pubertad precoz por hiperplasia adrenal congénita. Reporte de caso
Authors: Dallos-Lara María Fernanda , Mendoza-Rojas Víctor Clemente
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La pubarca antes de los 8 años en niñas y de los 9 años en niños, es una manifestación de la pubertad precoz asociada al aumento en la velocidad de crecimiento. La hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) no clásica es una de las causas de pubertad precoz.Presentación de caso. Paciente femenina de padres consanguíneos (primos hermanos) quien inició pubarca a los cuatro años 6 meses de edad. La niña presentaba edad ósea avanzada, talla discordante con la talla media parental y sus genitales externos eran normales. Luego de realizar el test de estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotropa y otros exámenes hormonales, se encontró que sus niveles de 17-hidroxiprogesterona eran elevados, lo que permitió diagnosticarla con HAC no clásica. Con base en este diagnóstico, se inició tratamiento con glucocorticoides y luego de un año de tratamiento la paciente tuvo una buena evolución clínica, ya que no se observó progresión de los caracteres sexuales secundarios ni de la edad ósea.Conclusión. La HAC no clásica es la causa más frecuente de la PPP. Ya que este tipo de hiperplasia puede ser asintomática durante los primeros días o años de vida, se debe sospechar su diagnóstico en la infancia cuando haya pubarca precoz, mayor velocidad de crecimiento y edad ósea avanzada.
Uso de epónimos médicos y términos anatómicos obsoletos durante el XIII Congreso Colombiano de Morfología de 2017
Authors: Duque-Parra Jorge Eduardo , Barco-Rios John , Morales-Parra Genaro
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Los epónimos médicos son nombres que se adjudican a ciertas estructuras corporales en honor a los personajes que las descubrieron. Estos se han usado en el lenguaje morfológico por muchos siglos y han generado un enorme arraigo cultural, principalmente en las ciencias médicas, sin embargo no brindan información relevante sobre la estructura anatómica en sí.Objetivo. Identificar los epónimos y términos anatómicos obsoletos usados durante el XIII Congreso Colombiano de Morfología.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los 52 trabajos que se presentaron durante el XIII Congreso Colombiano de Morfología, celebrado en la Universidad del Norte de Barranquilla (Colombia) en octubre de 2017, con el fin de cuantificar porcentualmente el uso de epónimos y términos anatómicos obsoletos.Resultados. Los epónimos estuvieron presentes en 28 ponencias y los términos anatómicos obsoletos se usaron en 21.Conclusión. Se comprobó que, en general, los profesores, investigadores y demás profesionales de la salud que participaron en el congreso no usan la Terminología Anatómica como referente para nombrar las distintas estructuras corporales, lo que genera problemas de comunicación y transmisión del conocimiento.
Formaldehído en ambientes laborales: revisión de la literatura y propuesta de vigilancia ocupacional
Authors: Villadiego-Molinares Marisol Margarita , Ramírez-Martínez Johanna Alejandra , Rodriguez-Pulido Alba Isabel
Published: April 2020

Introducción. El formaldehído es una sustancia ampliamente usada a nivel industrial; sin embargo, es considerada un agente mutagénico y carcinógeno para los humanos. Para determinar el grado de riesgo de los trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos (TOE) al formaldehído, debe hacerse un seguimiento de sus niveles de concentración ambiental y de los biomarcadores que permiten identificar su daño potencial para la salud. En Colombia, lamentablemente, no existen lineamientos respecto a la exposición ocupacional a esta sustancia.Objetivo.Revisar estudios recientes sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído para diseñar una estrategia de seguimiento y vigilancia de los TOE a esta sustancia en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, MedLine, ScienceDirect y Embase mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: artículos sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído publicados en inglés o español entre 2013 y 2017. Los términos de búsqueda fueron “occupational exposure”, “formaldehyde” “mutagenicity test” y “DNA adducts” y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 103 registros, sin embargo solo 36 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos.Conclusiones. La gestión adecuada del riesgo derivado de la exposición ocupacional a formaldehido, así como el seguimiento médico apropiado de estos trabajadores, requiere la implementación de una serie de acciones interdisciplinarias que permitan la creación de un sistema de vigilancia ocupacional integral de los TOE a esta sustancia.
Detección de anticuerpos IgA antitransglutaminasa tisular (IgA-TGT) en niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Authors: Ladino Liliana , León Adriana , Quintero Oscar , Vázquez Rodrigo , Veloza Angélica , Céspedes Camila
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Los niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedad celiaca (EC), la cual es una condición subdiagnosticada debido a que su presentación clínica varía; por lo tanto, es necesario monitorear periódicamente a esta población con el objetivo de diagnosticar a tiempo la EC.Objetivos. Identificar la positividad para la detección de anticuerpos IgA antitransglutaminasa tisular (IgA-TGT) en población pediátrica con DM1, así como describir los síntomas gastrointestinales (SGI), los indicadores antropométricos y los niveles de ingesta de gluten.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por niños con DM1 que asistieron al servicio de consulta externa en un centro de endocrinología pediátrica en Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Para detectar la presencia de IgA-TGT se aplicó el test BiocardTM Celiac®. Además, se indagó sobre los SGI y se realizó valoración nutricional antropométrica de los participantes. Para evaluar la ingesta de gluten se llevó a cabo un registro dietético de 72 horas. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 22.0.Resultados. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 45 niños con una edad promedio de 10.6±4.1 años, de los cuales 53% eran varones. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó positividad cualitativa en el test aplicado para detección de IgA-TGT. Los SGI más frecuentes fueron flatulencias (48.9%) y dolor abdominal (28.9%). Solo en 3 niños (6.7%) se observó talla baja con respecto a su edad. La ingesta promedio de gluten fue 5.29±3.02 g/día.Conclusiones. Pese a que los niños con DM1 tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar EC, ninguno de los participantes presentó positividad para IgA-TGT.
Warm-up effect on handgrip strength in sedentary and overweight women
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Jordan , Rauch-Gajardo Maria , Cisterna Diego , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo , Moran Jason , Knechtle Beat , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Álvarez Cristian
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The evaluation of handgrip strength has gain special relevance in the area of health. However, a standardized protocol of application is required to measure it, including warm-up procedures.Objective: To compare the acute effects of different warm-up strategies on maximal handgrip strength (MHS) in sedentary and overweight women.Materials and methods: Single-blind, randomized, cross-over study in which MHS was measured in 12 overweight women under the following conditions: i) no warm-up (control condition), ii) static stretching warm-up, iii) strength-based warm-up (i.e., resistance band exercise), and iv) isometric squeezing-ball warm-up for the forearm muscles. A Jamar dynamometer was used for the measurements, which were taken on four different days, at 48-hour rest intervals; three measurement were made per hand.Results: MHS mean values were 23.8 and 24.9 kg without warm-up, 20.3 and 21.4 kg after stretching warm-up, 20.9 and 22.9 kg after strength-based warm-up, and 22.0 and 23.0 kg after squeezing-ball warm-up for non-dominant and dominant hand, respectively. No significant (p>0.05; one-way ANOVA) differences were observed between protocols, nor differences in MHS in relation to nutritional status, lean mass or fat mass.Conclusion: Warm-up is not required to measure MHS in overweight sedentary women when three measurements are made.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease treated at a reference center in the Southeast region of Brazil
Authors: Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Barros D’Elia Zanella Luiz , Walder Galiano Isabela , Perinetti Alves Martins Cintia , Tokumo Mauricio Ossamu , Buzinaro Suzuki Rodrigo , Federighi Baisi Chagas Eduardo , Perinetti Alves Martins Luciamáre
Published: April 2020

Introduction: After implementing measures to control vector transmission by Triatoma infestans in Brazil, the number of new cases of Chagas disease decreased. Currently, the American continent has an annual incidence of 28 000 cases, but there are still a large number of older adults affected by the chronic phase of this disease.Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease treated at a reference center of São Paulo (State), Brazil.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study based on the analysis of the clinical histories of 62 patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease and treated at Hospital das Clínicas de Marília.Results: No significant differences were found regarding sex, age and time of diagnosis. Cardiac problems were the most reported symptom. A significant difference was observed in the case of the indeterminate form of the disease, which was more predominant in males. In addition, functional class B1 was more common in women, while B2 predominated in men.Conclusion: A late diagnosis of Chagas disease may increase the chances of presenting digestive symptoms. However, the classic manifestations of the disease and its comorbidities can be successfully managed as long as comprehensive (multidisciplinary) medical care is provided, since this would help delay the course of the disease and, consequently, improve the patients’ quality of life.
Un nuevo enfoque de enseñanza anatómica: técnica Caldwell-Luc modificada
Authors: Muñoz-Castaño Iván Camilo , Rizo-Tello Victor Zein , Quijano-Blanco Yobany
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Conocer la morfología ocular es crucial para la formación de estudiantes de medicina; sin embargo, el aprendizaje de la anatomía del ojo está limitado a modelos virtuales e ilustraciones que no ofrecen una impresión real de la cavidad orbitaria y su contenido. Al respecto, se ha demostrado que el uso de técnicas de disección mejora el aprendizaje morfológico de cualquier estructura anatómica.Objetivo. Modificar la técnica Caldwell-Luc con un abordaje superior simultáneo que permita acceder a todas las estructuras extrínsecas del ojo contenidas en la cavidad orbitaria y, de esta forma, facilitar su estudio in situ.Materiales y métodos. Basándose en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, primero se realizaron prácticas de disección con ojos porcinos para adquirir la experiencia necesaria y luego se procedió a realizar la disección por planos en un cadáver humano: se llevó a cabo el corte del hueso maxilar y el corte horizontal en la base del cráneo.Resultados. La disección de todos los músculos extrínsecos del ojo permitió observar los nervios (pares craneales) con sus ramos desde una perspectiva inferior y superior de la cavidad orbitaria.Conclusión. La aplicación satisfactoria de la técnica modificada de Caldwell-Luc descrita en el presente estudio constituye una mejor herramienta para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la anatomía ocular, ya que esta permite observar la mayor cantidad de estructuras anexas del ojo in situ y ofrece una oportunidad para mejorar las habilidades en disección anatómica de los estudiantes.
Actualización en cáncer colorrectal hereditario y su impacto en salud pública
Authors: Dominguez-Barrera Constantino , Castro-Mujica Maria del Carmen , Ñique-Carbajal César , Dominguez-Valentin Mev
Published: April 2020

Los avances en la investigación clínica, genética y molecular del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) realizados durante los últimos años han permitido su detección temprana, así como su tratamiento oportuno. Sin embargo, uno de los mayores desafíos de esta enfermedad es su naturaleza heterogénea y la participación de diversas vías moleculares en su carcinogénesis. La implementación de las tecnologías ómicas —como la genómica, la proteómica, la transcriptómica y la epigenómica— en la investigación biomédica de pacientes con CCR hereditario ha permitido identificar nuevos genes o polimorfismos de nucléotido único (SNP, por su sigla en inglés) que afectan la expresividad del cáncer.Por otra parte, las herramientas bioinformáticas han contribuido a generar nuevas hipótesis sobre el CCR, orientando el abordaje de estos pacientes hacia una medicina personalizada. Este avance científico y tecnológico tiene un impacto en la salud, tanto a nivel individual como colectivo, por lo que es importante reflexionar sobre la viabilidad de desarrollar estrategias de salud pública para la implementación de un programa integral y genético de prevención y manejo del cáncer en Perú, en especial del CCR hereditario.
Genotyping of tick-borne encephalitis and Kemerovo viruses in taiga ticks collected in the Komi Republic
Authors: Kartashov M. Yu , Mikryukova T. P. , Krivosheina E. I. , Kuznetsov A. I. , Glushkova L. I. , Korabel`nikov I. V. , Egorova Yu. I. , Ternovoi V. A. , Loktev V. B.
Published: April 2020

Over the last years, an increasing rate of ixodes tick bites has been registered in the northern regions of the European Russia. In addition, the number of subjects request medical assistance due to tick bites has been dramatically increased in the Komi Republic. In addition, incidence of tick-borne encephalitis was also increased particularly starting since 2009. However, highly limited data on pathogen genetic diversity related to viral tick-borne infections in this region are currently available. Taiga ticks (Ixodespersulcatus) collected from the Komi Republic southern and central part vegetation were examined to identify and genotype tick-borne viruses. Individual ticks were used to identify by RT-PCR viral RNA coupled to tick-borne encephalitis and Kemerovo viruses. Viral genome fragment sequencing allowed to unambiguously identify these viruses. It was found that viral RNA tick-borne encephalitis was detected in 6.8±1.2% individual ticks. Moreover, tick-linked isolate genotyping based on analyzing E protein gene fragment nucleotide sequence derived from tick-borne encephalitis discovered that 35% and 65% isolates belonged to the Far Eastern and Siberian subtype, respectively. In addition, subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that at least four variants of the Siberian and Far Eastern subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus were detected, which were close to the viruses circulating in the Urals and Siberia. In contrast, prevalence of Kemerovo virus in taiga ticks was 0.8±0.2%. Sequencing of Kemerovo virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene fragment showed around 94% homology with the remainder of the Kemerovo virus strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the Kemerovo virus genome fragments demonstrated at least two subtypes circulating in the Komi Republic. Thus, it was suggested that tick-borne encephalitis virus was introduced relatively recently from the Urals and Siberian region into the natural foci of the Komi Republic. Moreover, genetic differences found in Kemerovo virus strains presume for them a longer lasting evolution throughout the natural foci of this region. In addition, a potential role for birds and their ticks in rapid spreading of viral tick-borne infections in the Komi Republic is also discussed. Thus, the data on genetic diversity of the viral agents related to tick-born encephalitis and Kemerovo fever may be useful for improving their diagnostics, prevention and treatment in the Komi Republic.
Pattern of lactoferrin anti-influenza virus inhibitory activity
Authors: Zorina V. N.
Published: April 2020

Active antigenic drift allows the influenza virus to partially or completely avoid recognition by the immune system. For treatment, inhibitors of the proton-selective ion channel M2 and inhibitors of neuraminidase are used, which have undesirable side effects and provoke the emergence of treatment-resistant strains of the virus. This justifies the need to search for new therapeutic agents. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 75—80 kDa, capable for binding metal ions. The highest concentrations of LF are detected in colostrum and milk, a significant amount is deposited in neutrophil granules. The structure of the LF domains of human milk, cow, goat, pig, horse, camel, buffalo is homologous. LF interacts with both specific receptors and endocytosis receptors (LRP), Toll-like, signal receptors on the surface of various cell types. Lactoferrin of humans and animals has a high antiviral activity. This glycoprotein modulates the immune system, including the humoral and cellular immune responses, and regulates redox reactions. However, literature data on the role of this protein in the prevention and treatment of influenza are few. LF inhibitory activity against influenza A and B viruses has been described, including H1N1, H5N1, H7N1, H3N2 strains. It has been established that LF binds virus hemagglutinin, preventing interaction with the cell, blocks programmed cell death through interaction with caspase 3 for preventing the spread of the virus at the later stages of the infection, and blocks virus assembly. Peptides synthesized on the basis of LF C-domain structure demonstrate high inhibitory activity against virus. The use of LF as an adjuvant for vaccines is more effective than of aluminum oxide. Further study of LF effects on influenza virus and on the immune response during infection is necessary to develop new methods of prevention and treatment.