bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The World after the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience (Based on the Materials of the II Summer International School named after A. R. Luria)
Authors: Klimenskikh Marina , Kiselev Sergey , Basheer Ammar
Published: September 2023

In August 2020, Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov and Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin held the II Summer International School named after A. R. Luria. Thirteen well-known experts in the world scientific community, as well as 246 listeners from 47 countries took part in it as speakers. Each speaker presented his report, and also took part in one of two panel discussions on current topics. Research findings by young scientists were presented in the format of an e-poster session. This article is a final report on the thematic areas of the School’s work, which included not only the results of the presented studies, but also the judgments of experts in the field of neuroscience about the new coronavirus reality. The event was supported by the Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Context of Neurosciences and a New Clinical Practice
Authors: Quintino-Aires Joaquim
Published: September 2023

On human mental activity, the cellular orientation by R. Virchow is no longer so heuristic. The cell (neuron) is not the unit of mental life, but human activity. Plasticity depends not only on genetics, proteins, information in the DNA inside neuron or other cells, but it depends also on the object-oriented activity performed by the individuals in ontogenesis. More and more information from neuroscience and molecular biology and molecular genetics, helps to build our understanding on human mind and behavior. Advances in science pushed us to rethink our clinical practice. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical and activity theory seems consistent in the integration of neurosciences with psychological science, is the fact that is a monistic approach. We illustrate our idea with a clinical case of a man diagnosed by psychiatry with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The neuropsychological education program includes the methodology of neuropsychological rehabilitation proposed by A. R. Luria and mental human developmental (step-by-step) theory of P. Galperin. The prevalence of OCD is high, and remission rates are extremely low (at 15 years, 60% continue to show the symptoms). The results with the clinical case presented here, as well as in several hundred other clinical cases are encouraging. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical and activity theory seems to be a good proposal for a new clinical practice in clinical psychology and psychiatry. This article is an invitation to other colleagues to experiment the same methodology, in other clinical centers and even in other countries, in the sense that we study the possibility of this being an efficient and effective response that we intend to have available to our clients.
The Assessment of Different Types of Attention in Children Using a Computerized Test Battery
Authors: Talalay Ilya V.
Published: September 2023

We designed a computerized test battery that was used to assess sustained, selective and divided attention in children aged 8 vs. 9 years. A group of children aged 8.34 ± 0.48 years (n = 30, 14 male, 16 female) and a group of children aged 9.33 ± 0.51 years (n = 42, 21 male, 21 female) participated in the study. The test battery included one simple reaction time task, two divided attention tasks, two sustained attention tasks, and one selective attention task. The analysis of task performance revealed age-related difference in the efficiency of sustained attention: the reactions of 9-year-old children to target stimuli were significantly faster than the reactions of 8-year-old children. The computerized battery showed sensitivity to different aspects of attention and might become a useful tool for the neuropsychological assessment of attention in children with and without developmental disorders.
Psychological Grounds for Spreading Criminal Subculture Among Schoolchildren Brought to Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Ryabkov Alexander M. , Tokareva Yulia A.
Published: September 2023

Criminal subculture goes far beyond the prison system, involving new socio-cultural spaces, exerting an increasing influence on the younger generation. Traditionally, penitentiary institutions, including those for minors, are considered to be the source of the spread of the criminal subculture elements. However, its distribution channels are transformed over time. The aim of the study was to clarify the psychological reasons for the spread of criminal subculture among schoolchildren who have committed criminal offenses. The study involved students of the Federal State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Sverdlovsk Region and the Federal State Educational Institution Secondary School of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Tyumen Region, a total of 165 teenagers. There are also 52 students of secondary schools in Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions who are registered with the criminal executive inspectorate. As a result of the conducted research, two groups of psychological grounds were identified: external and internal. A group of external factors is associated with the influence of the Internet space, the public environment, creating a strong and domineering image, as well as family and loved ones belonging to the criminal sphere. A group of internal factors related to psychological grounds includes: the need for communication, the value of belonging, the ability to receive vivid emotions, feelings of control and subordination. It is established that a significant part of juvenile offenders is not driven by romanticizing prison life. They committed their crimes without ideological convictions, at the same time sharing criminal norms and values.
Parental Style of Interaction in the Formation of Early Childhood Self-Regulation Skills
Authors: Lavrova Mariya A.
Published: September 2023

The article surveys the main approaches to the definition of self-regulation, the milestones in the formation of self-regulation, methods of its assessment, characteristics of parental behavior affecting the self-regulation of the child. The results of the longitudinal study of 74 normotypic children are presented. According to the obtained data, both temperament and parental behavior play an important role in the formation of self-regulation skills in early childhood. Moreover, the same style of parental interaction at one age stage can act as a factor that contributes to the development of self–regulation, at another — it can reduce it.
To the Question of Why to Teach “to a Psychologist”
Authors: Bodnar Alexander M. , Bodnar Elvira L.
Published: September 2023

The situation in the field of education is catastrophic. But the School has its own forces and means to minimize the damage caused by the permanent reform of education. Universities still have academic freedom and can choose the path of the educational process. The main thing is to form students’ conceptual thinking, without which educational activity becomes a fiction.
Emissaries of Pope Innocent IV to Alexander Nevsky: Riddles of Biographical Histor
Authors: Maiorov Alexander , Rudenkova Irina
Published: September 2023

One of the most mysterious reports from the Life of Alexander Nevsky about the visit to the Rus’ prince of the Pope Innocent IV’s envoys, Cardinals Gald and Gemont, most likely has a real basis. Several characteristic details testify to this. In particular, the total number of Cardinals noted in the Life, who were with the Pope (twelve), corresponds to the actual number of Cardinals appointed by Innocent IV. The visit of the pope’s representatives to Alexander was to take place in the second half of 1252 or at the beginning of 1253, when the powers of Archbishop Albert Suerbeer as papal legate in Rus’ were temporarily terminated. During their trip, the papal envoys visited two of the strongest Rus’ Princes at once – Alexander Nevsky and Daniil Galitsky. Papal emissaries at this time could be the Bishop of Verona, Jacopo da Breganze, and the Bishop of Kammin, Hermann von Gleichen. In the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle they were attributed according to their belonging to episcopal sees (Bishops Beren’sky and Kamenets’ky), and in the Life of Alexander Nevsky – according to their relationship with the Cardinals who led their mission. These could be Guglielmo Fieschi, who was then in charge of allied negotiations with the Byzantine Church, as well as Hugo de Saint-Cher, who acted as legatus a latere in Central-Eastern Europe.
The Bykasov Family in the Context of Political Investigation (Siberia, Late 16th Century)
Authors: Belyakov Andrey
Published: September 2023

This study of “words and deeds” as a type of crime began over a hundred years ago. This well-known formula proceeded from the public obligation of the population to protect the sovereign and their family from any evil intentions. This phenomenon began to develop on Russian soil as early as the mid-fifteenth century and is present in a wide range of documents: secured or affirmed deeds; the sovereign’s grants to Siberian foreigners; letters of commendation with a golden seal, issued to those who lived in the recently annexed territories with a predominantly non-Orthodox population, as well as territorial entities that were formally part of the Muscovite State; state oaths. It is believed that the cases of the sovereign’s “words and deeds” have been preserved since the seventeenth century, their mentions known since earlier times. However, the lists found in the materials of the Siberian Prikaz from the mandate letters of 1599 to the Tobolsk voivode stolnik S. F. Saburov about the investigation of the accusation of “words and deeds” of the Tobolsk children of the boyars Bykasov suggests that such materials from the sixteenth century are yet to be studied. However, to detect them, it is necessary to significantly expand the range of documents under consideration and not be limited, as before, only to the materials of the Razryad Prikaz. The materials analysed are the remains of the most ancient case identified on charges of sovereign’s “words and deeds”. The Bykasov family mentioned in it, served as the sovereign’s grooms in the tsar’s stables at least from the early sixteenth century. Andrei Timofeevich Bykasov was involved in the case of the Shuysky princes in 1586, for which all his relatives were exiled to Siberian cities. At the end of the Time of Troubles, A. T. Bykasov became a stable officer of the Stable Prikaz, which compensated him and his brothers for the trials that they had had to go through.
Towards a Conceptual-Historical Critique of the Essentialist and Teleological Interpretations of Russian History. Part 2
Authors: Ingerflom Claudio
Published: September 2023

Continuing to question some traditional historiographical theses, in this second part, the author discusses the common assertion that “popular” praxis is dependent on naïve belief in the benevolent tsar: on the contrary, the subjects of action adapt their beliefs to their needs. A still very influential historiography considers that illusions, naïve, popular, and false as well as passivity would constitute the plurisecular “mentality” of the Russian peasantry. But mentality is a category that is deficient in the explanation of historical dynamics, especially when it comes to change. Against the verdict “false” applied to the myth of the benevolent tsar, the author explains why a myth is neither true nor false and stresses that it should not be considered as a stage in a history of thought that would lead to a scholarly representation but it is necessary to understand its origin, its logic and the usefulness of its use by human beings, in particular its role in the production of modern political thought. Against the positivist historiography’s disdain for popular metaphors, the author highlights the “truth” of the autocratic system that this linguistic figure expresses and the permeability between metaphor and action. The study concludes by tracing, based on the material analyzed, Russian history’s own path towards a political modernity that by its reality inhibits the existence of any central modernity and situates the moment at which this Russian modernity appears in the light of day.
Evaluation of anticancer activity of Plumbago indica root extract on cervical HeLa cancer cells
Authors: BURANRAT Benjaporn , WONGSUWAN Pornpimon , PHIPHITPHIBUNSUK Wichuda
Published: September 2023

Plumbago indica L. has a various pharmacological activity; however, the anticancer activity in cervical cancer has less information. To examine the antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antimigratory activity of Plumbago indica root extract on cervical cancer cells. The extract of P. indica was explored for cell viability, apoptosis, and migration by sulforhodamine B, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, Wound healing, Annexin V-FITC staining apoptotic, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. The data indicated that P. indica extract suppressed HeLa cervical cells viability by dose- and time-dependent manner along with the reduction of cancer cell number and colony forming ability. After 48 h of incubation period, the PR extract exhibited a significant reduction of migratory ability by dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these extracts significantly showed a reduction of cell viability along with induction of late apoptosis. The mechanism of action was shown by detecting mitochondrial dysfunction and activating of ROS formation on HeLa cells-treated with P. indica extract. The extract of P. indica has a growth inhibition, migratory suppression, and apoptotic induction. The extract has an anticancer activity by reducing mitochondrial function and activating ROS formation.
Carboxylesterase from edible legume seeds and their sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides
Authors: NASUK Chiradet , CHAOWARAT Monrodee , CHUMCHUERE Sumonwan
Published: September 2023

Carboxylesterase from edible legume seeds, including black gram bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and red bean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi) has been partially purified using the ammonium sulphate salting-out procedure. The specific activity of the partially purified carboxylesterase extracted from black gram bean, mung bean and red bean are 3.96±0.26, 1.51±0.10 and 1.29±0.08 U/mg, respectively (p<0.05). The carboxylesterase from black gram bean showed very high sensitivity to 24 types of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and 7 types of carbamate pesticides (CAs) at the concentrations of 0.001-3.0 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained for OPs and CAs pesticide residues were 0.002 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. For performance assessment of methods for pesticide determination in vegetables, all performance parameter values, including sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the carboxylesterase enzyme inhibition method, are 100% compared with commercial pesticide test kits and are 70.5%, 90%, and 100%, respectively, compared with chromatographic method analysis.
The growth rate and genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) half-sibs in test crops of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: KREKOVA Yana , CHEBOTKO Nadezhda , KAGAN Dmitry , IVANOVSKAYA Svetlana , VIBE Yekaterina , KABANOV Andrey
Published: September 2023

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a valuable tree species, playing an important role in maintaining the ecological and economic balance not only in Kazakhstan, but also in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth rate and to identify the genotypes of the half-sib progeny of Scotch pine plus trees in order to further obtain high-quality seeds with valuable genetic traits. A molecular genetic analysis was carried out using six microsatellite and 20 isoenzyme loci on 15 Scots pine half-sib families, represented by two samples of seeds collected in the subsequent harvesting periods (planted in 1986 and 1987), that evaluated the taxonomic characteristics such as tree height and trunk diameter (DBH, measured at 1.3 meters). Families with the highest growth rate in both samples were selected as candidates for the elite group. During the SSR analysis, a decrease in the level of expected heterozygosity (0.2377-0.5362 with an average value of 0.4593) was observed in P. sylvestris L. half-sibs compared to the sample of maternal plus trees (0.5444), with similar results to that of the “founder effect”. At the same time, the level of observed heterozygosity remained sufficiently high (0.3333-0.7037 with an average value of 0.4980 and 0.4556, respectively). During the isoenzyme analysis, the level of genetic variability either decreased or was similar to that of the maternal trees. Rare and unique alleles were found in seed samples of the analysed tree families. In general, this research showed that a comprehensive evaluation combining both traditional breeding methods (genetic assessment of progeny in the course of growth) and molecular genetic analysis is required for the selection of elite trees.
The critical role of nitrogen in plants facing the salinity stress: Review and future prospective
Authors: ASLAM Muhammad T. , KHAN Imran , CHATTHA Muhammad U. , MAQBOOL Rizwan , ZIAULHAQ Muhammad , LIHONG Wang , USMAN Sajid , RASHEED Adnan , HASSAN Muhammad U. , HASHEM Mohamed , ELNOUR Rehab O. , IQBAL Muhammad M. , ARSHAD Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Salinity stress is a serious abiotic stress that negatively affect the crop growth and development. Mineral nutrient supplementation is considered as an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity. Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient needed for plants and its application also an effective strategy to mitigate adverse impacts of salinity. Salinity stress disturbs plant physiological, and biochemical functions, antioxidant activities, cellular membranes, antioxidant activities and nutrient uptake thereby cause significant reduction in plant growth and development. The application of N maintains membrane stability, plant water relations, leaf gas exchange characteristics, and protect the plants from oxidative damages which induce the salt tolerance in plants. Besides, this N also improves nutrient uptake and it also induce cellular signaling that mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the role of N in inducing salt tolerance in plants. In present review the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in plants under saline conditions are discussed. The present review provides information on how N mitigates ionic toxicity, and oxidative damages and maintains nutrient balance to counter the toxic effects of salinity stress in plants. This review will help the readers to learning more about the role of N in inducing salt tolerance in plants.
Tarihi Bir Türkü: Avşar Beyleri
Authors: ULUDAĞ Erdal
Published: September 2023

Türk halk müziği repertuvarında yer alan her türkü bir olay karşısında etkileniş süreci içinde doğmuş olup içerisinde bir hikâye barındırmaktadır. Yüzyıllar önce Anadolu’da beylikler döneminde Denizli ilinin Acıpayam yerleşkesini yurt edinen Avşarlar ile Germiyanoğulları arasında geçen mücadeleleri anlatan “Avşar Beyleri” türküsü nesilden nesile sözlü aktarım yoluyla günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Bir türkünün kimliğini oluşturan önemli unsurlardan bir tanesi onun sözleridir. Avşar beyleri türküsünün sözleri üretildiği döneme ait bilgileri de içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Bu yönü ile “Avşar Beyleri” türküsü üretildiği dönemin izlerini taşımakla birlikte aynı zamanda Teke Yöresi Yörük-Türkmen müzik kültürünün de simgesi haline gelmiş bir uzun hava örneğidir. Yörenin önemli müzikal türlerinden olan gurbet havaları içinde gösterilen türkü uzun hava formunda bir boy türküsü olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada, türkünün yakılmasına vesile olan Avşar beyleri, tarihî bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiş, türkü; edebî, müziksel ve icra bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Türkü edebi açıdan incelendiğinde; 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 gibi değişken hece yapılarının uygulandığı, kafiye düzeni açısından a/b/a/b, a/a/a/b, a/a/b/a kalıplarının kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Türkü makamsal açıdan değerlendirildiğinde ise türkünün Gülizar makamının özelliklerini taşıdığı görülmektedir. Ses sahası açısından incelendiğinde La-Do ses aralığında bir oktavı aşkın bir ses genişliğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yörede sadece bağlama eşliğinde çalınan ve söylenen Avşar beylerinin çalgı bölümü Köroğlu havalarında da görüldüğü gibi 5/8’lik ritmik yapısıyla kahramanlık teması özelliğini taşımaktadır. Ezgi içindeki geçiş motifleri ise 7/8 ve 2/4’lük ritmik yapılar barındırmaktadır. Ritmik yapıdaki bu çeşitlilik ise aynı zamanda ezgiye bir dinamizm kazandırmaktadır. Bağlamanın icrasında kullanılan akort düzeni ise yörede Avşar düzeni olarak isimlendirilen bağlama düzenidir. Ezginin çalgı icrasında yörede kullanılan mızrap tartımları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca ezginin bağlama icrasında homofonik çok sesli dokunun da oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.
Osmanlı Mali Sayımları -Temettüat Vergisi (1840/1841): Bolvadin Örneği
Authors: DOĞRUYOL Adnan
Published: September 2023

Makalemizin konusu olan temettüat defterleri, XIX yüzyıl ortaları için mali yapının ortaya çıkarılması anlamında son derece önemlidir. 1840 (H.1256) Bolvadin temettüat defteri tanzimat döneminde önceleri değişik isimlerle alınan vergilerin yerine bir tek vergi kaleminin ikamesi için hane reislerinin gelirlerinin tespiti amacıyla yapılmışlardır. Bu sayımlardan birisi de devletin mali yapıyı yeniden reorganizasyonu için 1840 yılında (h.1256) yapılan sayımlardır. “Osmanlı imparatorluğundaki mali yapı içerisindeki vergi yükümlülükleri üçlü bir yapıya indirgenebilir. Birincisi İslami temellere dayanan vergi mükellefiyetleri ikinci grup din ayrımı yapılmaksızın olağan dışı yapılan harcamaları karşılamak için alınan düzenli olmayan vergiler üçüncü grup ise harp masraflarının artmaya başlaması ile uygulanan diğer yükümlülüklerdir.
Temettüat vergisine konu olan temettü (gelir) vergisinin XIX.yüzyıl Tanzimat dönemi dönüşümlerinin tesiri altındaki vergi alanında radikal anlamda reform yapılması konusunda öncelikli olarak ele alınmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda, Temettüat defterleri 1839-1840 yıllarına ait bölgeler ailelerin yaşadıkları haneler, hanelerin yıllık gelirlerine bağlı ödedikleri vergi kayıtlarıdır.
Çalışmamızın esasını teşkil eden Osmanlı arşivinde bulunan, “ML V.RD.T.M. T 16030 cilt: IX Bolvadin Temettüat defteri, 27 X 77,5 1256 -Bolvadin merkez kazasının kurra ve mahallat-ı müslim ahalisinin emlak arazi ve temettüatını beyan eden defterdir.” Maliye varidat kalemi defterlerinden olan temettü defterleri, başbakanlık Osmanlı arşivinde bulunmaktadır. 1988’e kadar bu seriden çok az deftere maliyeden müdevver ve kepeci tasnifleri arasında rastlanmaktaydı 1988 de kataloglayarak araştırmalara sunulan temettü defterleri serisi dokuz katalog içinde 17.747 defter ihtiva etmektedir. Bu defterlerin çok büyük bir ekseriyeti 1845 (H.1261) tarihinde yapılan sayımlara aittir. Çok az sayıda olmak üzere 1840 (H.1256) da yapılan ilk tahrirlere ait deftere de rastlanmaktadır.” Çalışmamızda Osmanlı kamu maliyesinin zapturapt altına alınması vergi düzenindeki eksikliğinin tamamlanması Mükelleflerin tespit edilmesi ve devlet gelirlerinin artması için ülke çapında sayımlar yapıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Novel PI(3)K-p85α/p110δ-ITK-LAT-PLC-γ2 and Fyn-ADAP-Carma1-TAK1 Pathways Define Reverse Signaling via FasL
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Rajasekaran Kamalakannan , Malarkannan Subramaniam
Published: September 2023

The role of FasL in initiating death signals through Fas is well characterized. However, the reverse signaling pathway downstream of FasL in effector lymphocytes is poorly understood. Here, we identify that FasL functions as an independent activation receptor in NK cells. Activation via FasL results in the production of LFN-γ, GM-CSF, RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP1-β. Proximal signaling of FasL requires Lck and Fyn. Upon activation, FasL facilitates the phosphorylation of PI(3)K-p85α/p55α subunits. A catalytically inactive PI(3)K-p110δD910A mutation significantly impairs the cytokine and chemokine production by FasL. Activation of ITK and LAT downstream of FasL plays a central role in recruiting and phosphorylating PLC-γ2. Importantly, Fyn-mediated recruitment of ADAP links FasL to the Carmal/ Bcl10/Tak1 signalosome. Lack of Carma1, CARD domain of Carma1, or Tak1 significantly reduces FasL-mediated cytokine and chemokine production. These findings, for the first time, provide a detailed molecular blueprint that defines FasL-mediated reverse signaling.
Phage PEf771 for the Treatment of Periapical Periodontitis Induced by Enterococcus faecalis YN771
Authors: Xiang Yingying , Yang Rongyu , Li Xuelin , Huang Hao , Duan Kaiwen , Song Fei
Published: September 2023

Enterococcus faecalis was the main causative bacteria of refractory periapical periodontitis (PP), there is a pressing need to explore effective methods for eradicating E. faecalis in patients with refractory PP. This study aimed to assess the anti-infective effectiveness of phage PEf771 in treating periapical inflammation in rats. We developed a rat model of PP through E. faecalis YN771 induction. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin-eosin staining were utilized to evaluate bone destruction and inflammation in experimental teeth for seven consecutive weeks. Subsequently, rats with PP caused by E. faecalis YN771 were treated with phage PEf771, calcium hydroxide preparation, and 2% chlorhexidine gel. The healing progress of bone defects and inflammation in the apical region was monitored over three consecutive weeks using imaging and histopathology assessments. The PP rat model was successfully developed, and bone destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in the apical region of the experimental tooth peaked at 4 weeks. The area of bone destruction in rats treated with phage PEf771, calcium hydroxide preparation, and 2% chlorhexidine gel was significantly smaller than that in the untreated group. Phage PEf771, calcium hydroxide preparation, and 2% chlorhexi-dine gel all have the effect of promoting the healing of apical lesions. Therapeutic effects of phage PEf771 on periapical inflammation infected by E. faecalis YN771 enhanced with time. Phage PEf771 promoted the healing of apical lesions, presenting a promising new approach for the treatment of refractory PP using bacteriophages.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Behavioural and psychiatric disorders associated with epilepsy syndromes
Authors: Besag Frank , Gobbi Giuseppe , Aldenkamp Albert , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Sillanpää Matti
Published: September 2023

The categorisation of the childhood epilepsies into a number of different syndromes has allowed greater insight into the prognosis, not only with regard to seizure control but also in relation to cognitive and behavioural outcome. The role of genetics in determining both the syndrome and the behavioural outcome remains promising, although the promise is still largely unfulfilled. The behavioural/psychiatric outcome of a selection of the large number of childhood epilepsy syndromes is presented. The rate of autism in West syndrome, particularly in children who have tuberous sclerosis with temporal tubers, is high. In Dravet syndrome there is a loss of skills, with an associated increase in behavioural problems. The frequency of both subtle and overt seizures in the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome almost certainly accounts for the apparent poor motivation; however, a marked improvement in seizure control with treatment can also result in behavioural problems, probably as a result of the “release phenomenon”. A number of cognitive problems can arise in the so‐called “benign” syndrome of epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and the rate of ADHD is high. Autistic features and ADHD have been described in the Landau‐Kleffner syndrome and other syndromes associated with electrical status epilepticus of slow‐wave sleep (ESES). Early effective treatment may reverse some of these features. There is clear evidence fora behavioural syndrome in relation to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in which both clinical descriptions and functional neuroimaging indicate frontal lobe deficits.
Delegation and Directors' Reliance on the Performance of Others – A Companies Act 2008 Analysis in the Light of International Best Practices
Authors: Mupangavanhu Brighton M
Published: September 2023

South Africa has included in the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the Act), provisions dealing with directors' delegation and reliance on the performance of others for their (the directors') own performance. In keeping with their role of managing the affairs of the company in terms of section 66(1) of the Act, directors must make decisions in the best interests of the company. Given the company board's strategic role in the company governance, as opposed to the day-to-day management done by the executive management, directors must rely on the performance of others to fulfil their role. These "others" include professional experts and company employees who can either provide guidance/specialist advice or to whom the board may delegate certain powers and authority to perform certain functions geared towards providing the board with a basis for decision-making. This article in the main interrogates the question whether South Africa has now established globally competitive legal standards of directors' delegation and reliance on the performance of others in line with company law reform objectives prior to 2008. One such objective is ensuring compatibility and harmonisation of the new company law with the best practice jurisdictions internationally as a way of promoting the global competitiveness of the South African economy. In this respect this article examines relevant laws in two foreign jurisdictions to provide a comparative aspect to the relevant South African company law aspects. First the article very briefly examines English law, which provides South Africa with its common law heritage of the duty of care, and it is argued that reliance and delegation relate to the irreducible minimum standard of care and the standard to exercise independent judgment. An examination of Australian statutory provisions on reliance and delegation is followed by a critical evaluation of reliance and delegation in section 76(4)(b)-(5) of the Companies Act 2008. It is concluded that South Africa has established globally competitive principles of reliance and delegation. Nonetheless, there are gaps in statutory reliance and delegation provisions under the Act, and lessons can be drawn from the best practices in Australian statutory and case law. Firm suggestions are made on how the gaps can be plugged and how the legal standards can be further tightened to enhance the global competitiveness of South African company law.
Quem avalia os futuros professores? Perceções a partir dos relatórios de estágio
Authors: Duarte Pedro , Moreira Ana Isabel
Published: September 2023

Este artigo pode enquadrar-se no âmbito da reflexão mais alargada alusiva à formação inicial de professores. O mote do mesmo relaciona-se com a identificação das áreas científicas que se privilegiam nos júris das (obrigatórias por lei) defesas públicas do relatório de estágio, no último ano do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º ciclo do Ensino Básico e de Português e História e Geografia de Portugal no 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico, considerando o doutoramento e os domínios de investigação dos arguentes. Por via da informação disponibilizada nas páginas de internet das instituições portuguesas de Ensino Superior que incluem tal mestrado na sua oferta formativa, foi possível reunir uma amostra de quarenta sujeitos, remontando, o mais tardar, às provas acontecidas no ano de 2020, e até à atualidade (2023).Os dados recolhidos permitem-nos, desde logo, constatar que há uma preponderância dos domínios da área da docência no que diz respeito aos doutoramentos dos jurados principais convidados para as mencionadas provas públicas, bem como uma nula representatividade da área cultural, social e ética, aludindo à terminologia prevista na legislação em vigor. Além disso, torna-se evidente uma certa tendência para a disciplinarização do mestrado, pela consideração de arguentes com uma investigação vinculada às áreas do Português ou da História (às vezes, ao seu ensino), mas nenhum especialista no que concerne ao 1.º ciclo do Ensino Básico.No fim, assume-se que este pode ser apenas o início, uma análise exploratória, para novas pesquisas ligadas ao tema ou suas derivações.
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual Mollusc Nanobind® v1
Authors: Biosciences Pacific
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the manual extraction of HMW DNA from mollusc samples intended for long-read sequencing using the Nanobind® tissue kit and following the ‘Extracting HMW DNA from black mystery snail tissue using Nanobind® kits’ procedure from PacBio. This process is effective for mollusc species covered by the Tree of Life Programme. The output of this protocol is high quality and quantity HMW DNA, which can be directed towards the HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor®3 for LI PacBio protocol. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight LI: low input
Quality Control and Data Recording for DDNS v1
Authors: Shaw Alex
Published: September 2023

This standard operating procedure indicates how to perform quality control checks for DDNS and provides guidance on best practice for ensuring relevant sequencing run data are recorded. The document is structured into quality control steps for setting up data files for DDNS, the RT-PCR and library preparation, and the sequencing run.
Ovarian Tissue Procurement from Organ Donor v1
Authors: not provided pooja.devrukhkar
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this protocol is to describe the procurement of human ovarian tissue from organ donors for research purposes.
Holistic Review in Graduate Medical Education: Scoping Review Protocol v1
Authors: Bazzi Hassan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Holistic review (HR) is a systematic method of assessing trainees beyond the usual metrics of grades and exam scores that facilitates increased diversity, better mission alignment, structured consideration of the applicant in context, and is based on sound educational and selection policy and practice. Graduate Medical Education (GME) programs face rising application inflation, the change of the USMLE Step 1 Exam to Pass/Fail, and fewer schools offering tiered grades along with increasing demands for a more diverse, inclusive, and equitable learning environment all in the context of few resources. However, very little data exists about the use of holistic principles in GME recruitment, in general, and how to use them successfully in the very different GME recruitment process to reach mission-based institutional goals. Review Question: What is the existing state of the published literature on the use of the holistic review in graduate medical education recruitment, including existing best practices and challenges, and what gaps exist in the literature that could be filled by future research? Methods: Following PRISMA's reporting guidelines and other scoping review best practices, we plan to search MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science for English language, peer-reviewed studies. Eligibility screening (title/abstract and full-text) and data extraction will be completed by at least two independent reviewers and conflicts will be resolved as a team. The draft data extraction tool will be modified and revised as necessary during the process of extracting data from each included article.
Sanger Tree of Life Fragmented DNA clean up: Manual SPRI v1
Authors: Strickland Michelle
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the manual clean up of fragmented DNA following the Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Fragmentation protocols, using PacBio AMPure PB beads. This process is highly effective for the cleaning and removal of shorter fragments from sheared DNA from all of the taxonomic groups covered by the Tree of Life Programme. The output of this protocol is DNA which can be submitted for long read sequencing, including PacBio sequencing following Low Input (LI) or Ultra-Low Input (ULI) library preparation. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual Plant MagAttract v.1 v1
Authors: Todorovic Maja
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the manual extraction of HMW DNA from plant or fungi tissue samples from a variety of species intended for long-read sequencing using the Qiagen MagAttract HMW DNA extraction kit. This process is effective for approximately 60% of the plant species covered by the Tree of Life Programme, but the resulting yield of CCS data from PacBio sequencing has been very variable. This protocol is particularly useful for samples with limited tissue availability, as it ensures the maximum amount of HMW DNA can be extracted and recovered. The output of this protocol is HMW DNA, which depending upon yield and genome size of the species, can be directed towards either HMW DNA Pooling, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor® 3 for LI HiFi, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor® 3 for LI PacBio or HMW DNA Fragmentation: g-Tube for ULI PacBio. This protocol was adapted from Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual MagAttract for the lysis of plant and fungi samples, and has since been updated to Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual MagAttract v.2/3 to improve sample lysis (v.2) and to include a pre-shear SPRI of the HMW DNA extracted (v.3). Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation HiFi: high fidelity LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input CCS: circular consensus sequencing
Sanger Tree of Life Fragmented DNA clean up: Automated SPRI v1
Authors: oatley graeme
Published: September 2023

This protocol describes the automated clean up and shorter fragment removal from fragmented DNA following the Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Fragmentation protocols, using PacBio AMPure PB beads and the Thermo Fisher KingFisher™ Apex. This process is highly effective for sheared DNA from all of the taxonomic groups covered by the Tree of Life Programme. The output of this protocol is DNA which can be submitted for long read sequencing, including PacBio sequencing following Low Input (LI) or Ultra-Low Input (ULI) library preparation. This protocol was adapted from Sanger Tree of Life Fragmented DNA clean up: Manual SPRI to include automation for a higher throughput of samples. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input
Comparative Skull and Mandible Geometric Morphometrics of Two Species of Mice, Mus domesticus and Mus macedonicus (Muridae, Rodentia) in Turkey
Authors: Demirtaş Sadık , Özmen Medine , Silsüpür Metin , Kıral Damla
Published: September 2023

Using a geometric morphometrics approach, we examined shape and size variations of skull and mandible bone of two evolutionarily distantly related mice from Turkey: Mus domesticus and Mus macedonicus. PCA analyses revealed overlap in dorsal cranium and mandible shapes of both species, consistent with previous traditional morphological methods. The skull of M. macedonicus seems to be larger in size than M. domesticus according to box-plot analyses of centroid size values, however there is no obvious difference for the mandible. No difference was observed between sexes in either of the characters. We suggest that future studies focus on dental characteristics and also consider the variation among local populations and ecological variables.
The Role of COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy in The Effect of e-Health Literacy on Vaccine Attitude
Authors: Aslan Rukiye , Ilıman Yaltagil Ebrar , Arslan Aysel , Alim Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Immunization is one of the most successful practices for the maintenance of public health. With the emergence pandemic, distant health services, in other words the e-Health concept, has gained importance. It was aimed to develop the COVID-19 vaccine attitude scale and to determine the effect of e-Health literacy on the impact of people's COVID-19 vaccine literacy levels on their vaccine attitudes, in this study. The COVID-19 vaccine attitude scale was developed by the researchers. The scale development process of the research started with the literature review. This process continued with creating an item pool, receiving expert opinions, piloting, and finalizing the scale. As a result of the research, the Cα value of the COVID-19 vaccine attitude scale was found to be 0.745. The total variance explanatory power of the scale was determined as 56,972. Confirmatory factor analysis was determined as χ2/sd = 4.902. In this context, the construct validity of the scale was confirmed. As a result of the research, it was determined that 90,4% of the participants had been vaccinated. It was concluded that the e-Health literacy of the participants was at a medium level (37.38±7.90), while their COVID-19 vaccine literacy was at a low level (30.88±7.34). It was concluded that the participants' attitudes towards vaccination were positive. It has been determined that the increase in the e-Health and COVID-19 vaccine literacy levels of the participants caused a positive increase in their attitudes toward the vaccine.
Superoxide dismutase of the peritumoral zone as a factor in the progression of various molecular profiles’ gliomas
Authors: Murach Elena I. , Medyanik Igor A. , Grishin Artem S. , Kontorshchikov Mikhail M. , Badanina Dariya M.
Published: September 2023

Background. The peritumoral zone contributes to the progression of gliomas due to its altered metabolism. Superoxide dismutase is one of the main antioxidant defense enzymes; it may be related to gliomagenesis, since the activation of free radical oxidation provokes tumor transformation of cells.
Aim. Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity in different areas of the tumor depending on the status of gliomas molecular genetic markers.
Material and methods. The surgical material of 20 patients with gliomas of various degrees of anaplasia was analyzed. The brain tissue of people who died as a result of trauma (6 people) served as a control. The status of tumor markers was assessed immunohistochemically. Superoxide dismutase activity and free radical activity were determined in tumor and brain tissue homogenates using Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. For statistical analysis, the computer program StatPlus 6 with the Analyst Soft Inc package was used. Data analysis was carried out using nonparametric methods of statistical processing of the material using nonparametric criteria (MannWhitney U test, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient).
Results. With active tumor growth (Grade IV), free radical activity and superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone were higher than in intact tissue. Superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone showed significant correlations: positive with the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 (rs=0.858) and negative with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene (rs=0.514) and methylation of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter (rs=0.766). The activity of the peritumoral zone enzyme differed depending on the molecular genetic profile of gliomas. Bioinformatic analysis of interactions between superoxide dismutase and molecular genetic markers of gliomas using the STRING, BioGrid, Signor, and SignaLink databases revealed the presence of mediated interactions with IDH1 with a clustering coefficient of 0.945. This level of clustering indicates the biological relationship of IDH1 with the main enzymes of the antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase and catalase.
Conclusion. Significant correlations of superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone with the status of a tumor markers number and significant differences in enzyme activity in groups depending on the molecular genetic profile suggest the importance of assessing superoxide dismutase activity as a factor in the gliomas progression.
Community science monitoring of mercury in NH and VT aquatic ecosystems using dragonfly larvae as biosentinels.
Authors: Chen Celia , Nelson Sarah , Buckman Kate
Published: September 2023

This project expanded a concurrent Dartmouth-led community science collection of dragonfly larvae for mercury biomonitoring into the White and Green Mountain National Forests, and continued collections at locations that were part of the program for the previous 10 years. This effort provided spatial mercury data for NH and VT, states that are susceptible to hotspots of mercury bioaccumulation but lack consistent long-term monitoring. The utilization of community science efforts provided benefits of increased investment in and knowledge of local ecosystems. Most importantly, the biomonitoring provided baseline and temporal data to enhance understanding of mercury fate in NH and VT forested ecosystems.
Ultrasonographic assessment of vitreoretinal pathologies in white mature cataract
Authors: Rathi Rishabh , Jaiswal Komal , Jain Amisha , Verma Sonam , Chandravanshi SCL , Nema Nitin , Maurya Rajendra Prakash
Published: September 2023

: To evaluate the incidence of significant posterior segment abnormalities in eyes with white mature cataract and to assess association of vitreoretinal pathologies with different ocular and systemic disorders.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with white mature cataract presenting for cataract surgery. Detailed relevant history was noted. Complete ocular examination done and B-scan performed. Percentage of patients with abnormal B-scan findings in various groups were calculated and association of systemic/ ocular factors with vitreoretinal pathologies were evaluated using paired chi square test.

: Mean age of patients was 60.78±9.001 years with a female preponderance (58%). 92% cases had senile mature cataract, 3% were presenile, 3% were traumatic and 2% were complicated mature cataract. Most common pathological finding on B-scan was vitreous opacity seen in 16% cases, followed by posterior vitreous detachment seen in 6%. Vitreous hemorrhage was seen in 3% cases while 69% cases showed normal posterior segment. Patients were grouped into two categories- one comprised patients with relevant systemic and/ or ocular history (47%), while other category belonged to patients with no such history (53%). On comparing the number of patients with abnormal B-scan findings in the two categories, no statistical significance was noted. (p value=0.105).

B-scan ultrasonography is an important presurgical investigation in patients with dense cataracts for diagnosing posterior segment pathologies that may influence post operative visual outcome.
Prevalence of post-operative complications after cataract surgery in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Merugu Jagruthi , Valathuru Vijayalakshmi , Bussa Manjula , Babu Ravi
Published: September 2023

To estimate the prevalence of post-operative complications after cataract surgery in AIDS patients having cataract in a tertiary care hospital.

This was a prospective and observational study done on 100 eyes of 70 AIDS patients having cataract with CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/mm who underwent cataract surgery from December 2021 to November 2022.

All the AIDS patients who are having cataract with CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm were examined for anterior and posterior segment using Slit lamp biomicroscopy and Indirect ophthalmoscopy.

The prevalence of post-operative complications were seen in 3% (3/100) of eyes after cataract surgery. Patients with post-operative complications were in between 46-65 years of age. Post-operative complications were seen in patients with CD4 count between 51-150 cells/mm³. All the patients underwent postoperative visual acuity of better than 6/24.

: In emergency cases cataract surgery in HIV patients is generally safe, regardless of CD4 count, but their general and ocular health should be optimized preoperatively.