bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban cooling island vs urban heat island, who is the winner? Study of the green spaces effect in coolingdown of urban heat in Kapanewon Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Anindita Rembanang , Martono Edhi , Nurjani Emilia
Published: December 2023

Urban heat zone are the major problem affecting human health through the microclimatological effect. Green Spaces are like a natural air conditioners that can cool dense urban environments from hot air. The cooling effect of urban heat from the presence of Green Space is called the Urban Cooling Effect (UCE) while the cool air produced is called Urban Cooling Island (UCI). This research aims to analyze the extent to which UCI is able to neutralize UHI by urban cooling. This study of this research was conducted in Kapanewon Depok around the North Ringroad zone. In the research, the Remote Sensing method was used utilizing Landsat-8 and processed with ArcGIS to determine the patterns and dynamics of UCI and UHI and was equipped with field data measurement and interviews data using questionnaires. The results obtained were that the coldest and largest UCI Spot was at Babarsari Camping Ground, 27,777°C in 159,218 m2, with green space types consisting of shrubs, grass, plants, mixed trees and flowing river. Questionnaire results show that the majority of residents still feel hot. It was concluded that although Green Space is useful in cooling cities, but UCI VS UHI is still dominated by UHI’s influence.
Advanced fusion technology in a future nuclear energy system
Authors: Kuzenkova Daria , Rodionova Ekaterina , Blandinsky Victor , Subbotin Stanislav , Tsibulskiy Sergei , Shchepetina Tatyana
Published: December 2023

The paper is concerned with an alternative to the existing concept of expanding the nuclear energy fuel resources in terms of fissile isotopes by producing 233U from 232Th in fusion reactor blankets. The new concept offers several advantages, including a substantial decrease in the risks of environmental pollution due to the low radioactivity of the recycled fuel. The study focuses on several scenarios for the development and use of a new fissile isotope in thermal neutron spectrum reactors (pressurized water reactors) and demonstrates the possibility of closing the fuel cycle in a system of thermal reactors with a fusion neutron source using heavy nuclei.
Assessment of system effects in the operation of an integrated heating and cooling systems in North
Authors: Vasilev Semen , Pavlov Nikita , Ivanova Albina , Starostina Anna
Published: December 2023

The work examines the current issues of development, management and optimization of integrated systems in the world and in Russia. The developed algorithm for evaluating the systemic effects of an integrated heating and cooling system in the conditions of the North is described. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of socio-economic, operational, and environmental effects is obtained using the example of the city of Yakutsk. The work carried out a technical and economic calculation, technical parameters of the energy system operation and volumes of CO2emissions reduction. The use of waste heat by absorption chillers in the production of cold can reduce electricity costs by up to 29% per month of total consumption and save up to 519 million rubles per year. The implementation of the integrated heating and cooling system technology can reduce CO2emissions by up to 58 tons.
Behandlung therapierefraktärer Verläufe der polyartikulären JIA
Authors: Haas Johannes-Peter
Published: December 2023

Als juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (JIA) wird eine Arthritis mit einer Dauer von mehr als 6 Wochen bezeichnet, wenn: (i) sie vor dem 16. Lebensjahr erstmalig auftritt und (ii) keine anderen Ursachen gefunden werden können. Aus heutiger Sicht lassen sich mindestens 4 Gruppen kindlicher rheumatischer Polyarthritis differenzieren: (a) die zumeist ANA-positiven, Rheumafaktor-negativen kindlichen Formen (eo-JIA und RF– pJIA), (b) die Rheumafaktor-positive Form mit Beginn im Kindes- und Jugendalter (RF+ pJIA), (c) eine polyartikuläre Verlaufsform der sJIA ohne Symptome systemischer Inflammation, (d) die monogenetisch bedingte Polyarthritis aufgrund einer LACC1/FAMIN-Mutation. Letztere ist damit eigentlich keine rheumatische, sondern eine hereditäre Polyarthritis. Ausgehend von den ProKind-Protokollen zur Therapie der polyartikulären JIA wird das Vorgehen bei Nichterreichen der angestrebten Therapieziele erarbeitet. Dies sind neben ausführlicher Diagnostik und Dokumentation der Aktivität die Einschätzung von Komorbiditäten (z. B. Infektionen), Medikamenteninteraktionen und Problemen der „Non-Compliance“ bzw. „Non-Adherence“. Neben Maßnahmen zur Therapie einer fortbestehenden lokalen therapierefraktären Aktivität werden systemische Therapieoptionen, insbesondere die neu verfügbaren Januskinase-Inhibitoren (JAKi), diskutiert.
Off-Label-Behandlung in der Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Klein Ariane , Horneff Gerd
Published: December 2023

Der Einsatz von Medikamenten ohne spezifische Zulassung für Alter und/oder Indikation ist anhaltend ein alltägliches Problem in der Pädiatrie und in der Kinderrheumatologie. Einerseits fehlen Daten zu angepassten Dosierungen sowie Nebenwirkungsprofilen in der speziellen Zielgruppe, andererseits birgt die Verordnung zulasten der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen ohne eine Zulassung für die Indikation oder das entsprechende Lebensalter „off label“ die Gefahr des Regresses bzw. bei nicht gesetzlich krankenversicherten Patienten eine mangelnde Kostenübernahme. Der Artikel will diese Problematik ansprechen und Ansätze zur Lösung aufzeigen.
Catalytic Aerobic Photooxidation of Phosphines using Four-coordinated Organoboron Compounds as Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Liang , Song Huanhuan , Tang Yingru , Wei Lanfeng , Wei Yu
Published: December 2023

A photooxidation approach to the conversion of phosphines into the corresponding phosphine oxides is reported. By taking advantage of O2 in the air as an oxidant and oxygen source, phosphine oxides were obtained efficiently in moderate to excellent yields. A four-coordinated organoboron compound was used as the photocatalyst to activate O2 to its singlet state. This photooxidation method features mild reaction conditions, broad functional-group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope.
Ultrasonic Deep-Plane Neck Lift
Authors: Gentile Richard D.
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic deep-plane neck lift is a new approach for addressing both the subsuperficial musculoaponeurotic system and subplatysmal soft tissues during facial rejuvenation procedures. This innovative surgical approach utilizes 2.2, 2.9, and 3.7 stainless steel probes that are powered by high-frequency ultrasound. Using high-frequency ultrasound in the subcutaneous spaces has been accomplished for the past 20 years with a very suitable safety profile. In this technique, emulsification of the fat layer in both the superficial and deep planes is accomplished with tumescence of the soft tissues in the same fashion as subcutaneous liposuction. In ultrasonic deep-plane neck lift, the superficial and deep layers of fat are targeted for emulsification, and this creates a loosening of these spaces for lifting and repositioning. The procedure facilitates more accurate surgery, because the tissue effects include hemostasis and scalpel- and scissor-free undermining due to the emulsification of the fat layers of the face and neck. The other advantages of ultrasound-assisted facial contouring and rejuvenation include treatment of hard-to-treat areas like the perioral region and distal neck, which can be rapidly and safely undermined utilizing this technology. The third component of ultrasound- and energy-based facial rejuvenation surgery is the long-term remodeling and tightening that occurs beginning approximately 8 weeks after the procedure. When many conventional facelifts are beginning to fall at 3 to 4 months postoperatively, the energy-based facelifts are still tightening and this remodeling continues for up to a year after the procedure. Combining technology with conventional facelift procedures is a new approach to facial rejuvenation and is the result of 15 years of research and cooperation with the aesthetic device industry. The result of this merger of technology with conventional surgery is TESLA Facelifting, the facelift of the future.
A fault severity quantification approach of photovoltaic array based on pre-estimation and fine-tuning of fault parameters
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Su Yisheng , Liu Yongjie , Yang Zenan , Ding Kun , Li Yuanliang , Chen Xihui , Chen Xiang
Published: December 2023

Harsh outdoor operations may cause various abnormalities or faults of photovoltaic (PV) array, decrease the energy yield and lifespan, and even cause catastrophic events. Recently, many approaches have been successfully applied to the fault diagnosis for PV arrays. However, few studies investigate the evaluation and quantification of fault severity. The quantified fault severity can facilitate the fault severity-dependent maintenance of PV system. In this paper, a fault severity quantification approach based on pre-estimation and fine-tuning of fault parameters is proposed. The key features of the I–V characteristics under different faults are determined to train a backpropagation neural network for estimating the preliminary diagnosis and quantification results. Then, the particle swarm optimizer is further used to locally optimize the estimated results to improve the accuracy of quantified fault severity. Compared with other diagnosis approaches, the experimental results verify that the proposed fault diagnosis and quantification approach obtains higher accuracy with decent computational speed. The proposed method is suitable for the fault severity-dependent maintenance of the PV systems.
Interface coupling and droplet size under various flow-focusing geometry dimensions in double emulsion formation
Authors: Pang Yan , Li Lin , Ru Jiahe , Zhou Qiang , Wang Xiang , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: December 2023

The application performance of droplets, including the size and core-shell volumetric ratio of a double emulsion droplet, is investigated under various geometric sizes and flow rates in a flow-focusing capillary device. This study uses three-dimensional (3D) printing to create a novel substrate to assemble capillaries and make the inner dimension of the device tunable. Droplet generation is separated into two regions (uniform or non-uniform) based on the interface coupling shapes, where different generation modes are classified based on the rupture form of the multilayer interfaces. A map of the generation modes is established based on geometric size and flow conditions. In the dripping mode, interface coupling and its effect on generation are analyzed by the interface necking process for the two generation sub-modes (with/without a ball). The local capillary number of the double emulsion droplet is established for these sub-modes to analyze variations in the inner droplet volume, which helps propose the volume predictive model of inner and outer droplets.
Radio frequency epsilon-near-zero properties interpretation via CNT/PVDF composites
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Wei Zaixin , Song Xiaoting , Liu Mingxiang , Zhang Zidong , Zeng Qingxi , Jiang Jianguo , Liu Yao , Fan Runhua
Published: December 2023

Realization and interpretation of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials in the radio frequency region have been a research hotspot in recent years. Further understanding the mechanism that how the permittivity transfers from positive or negative to zero will strengthen the basis for preparing materials with ENZ properties. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was hot pressed together with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at varying contents after milling to realize ENZ properties. Phase composition, microstructure, and electrical properties were analyzed to reveal the transition mechanism of ENZ properties. With the increase in MWCNT concentration, a three-dimensional conductive network consisting of MWCNTs gradually forms within the PVDF matrix. Thus, the primary electron motion mode transitions from electric resonance and polarization before the construction of the conductive network to unrestricted movement afterward, therefore leading to a dramatic increase in electric conductivity in the way of percolation. Furthermore, the permittivity exhibited various types of dispersion behavior with different MWCNT concentrations, which can be described by the Drude–Lorentz or Debye–Drude hybrid model. This work provides further insight into the mechanism of ENZ properties and inspires perspectives for material design.
Clinical innovation and scope of practice regulation: a case study of the Charlie Teo decision
Authors: Walsh Jill , Downie Sharon , Windholz Eric , Kirk-Brown Andrea , Haines Terry P.
Published: December 2023

The issue of regulation of scope of practice (SOP) has recently been highlighted through the high-profile case of New South Wales-based neurosurgeon, Mr Charles Teo and specifically the finding of ‘unsatisfactory professional conduct’ by the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission (HCCC) in Teo, Charles (2023) NSWMPSC 2 (12 July 2023). The HCCC decision went to two issues in Teo’s practice: (1) his decision to perform a surgery not within the SOP of his profession [at 238]; and (2) his failure to gain patient informed consent for that surgery [at 245]. This paper explores the findings against Teo with respect to SOP and recommends a nuanced approach to the regulation of clinical innovation and SOP evolution.
Exploring the Case: Bread 41 Bakery: Minimizing Waste and the Food Waste Hierarchy
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The food industry has increasingly been criticized for negatively impacting the environment with single-use packaging, food waste and emissions. This case illustrates how a bakery and coffee shop in Ireland is leading by example to reduce food waste, single-use plastics and electricity. Students will get insights into the challenges, solutions and benefits of leading by example and realizing that sometimes difficult decisions pay off.

Bread 41 is leading the charge to inform and educate people on sustainability practices in the food service industry. This case will outline how leadership and innovation can create not only positive change but also engage customers and the media in the journey.
Fully consistent rotating black holes in the cubic Galileon theory
Authors: Grandclément P
Published: December 2023

Configurations of rotating black holes in the cubic Galileon theory are computed by means of spectral methods. The equations are written in the

3
+
1

formalism and the coordinates are based on the maximal slicing condition and the spatial harmonic gauge. The black holes are described as apparent horizons in equilibrium. It enables the first fully consistent computation of rotating black holes in this theory. Several quantities are extracted from the solutions. In particular, the vanishing of the mass is confirmed. A link is made between that and the fact that the solutions do not obey the zeroth-law of black hole thermodynamics.
Sparsity-assisted signal decomposition via nonseparable and nonconvex penalty for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Liao Yi , Huang Weiguo , Qiu Tianxu , Ma Juntao , Zhang Ziwei
Published: December 2023

Monitoring vibration signals from a fault rotatory bearing is a commonly used technique for bearing fault diagnosis. Owing to harsh working conditions, observed signals are generally contaminated by strong background noise, which is a great challenge in extracting fault bearing signal. Sparsity-assisted signal decomposition offers an effective solution by transforming measured signals into sparse coefficients within specified domains, and reconstructing fault signals by multiplying these coefficients and overcomplete dictionaries representing the abovementioned domains. During the process, observed vibration signals tend to be decomposed, and fault components are extracted while noise is diminished. In this paper, a nonseparable and nonconvex log penalty is proposed as a regularizer for sparse-decomposition model in bearing fault diagnosis. A convexity guarantee to the sparse model is presented, so globally optimal solutions can be calculated. During the process, tunable Q-factor wavelet transform with easily setting parameters, is applied in signifying multi-objective signals with a sparse manner. Numerical examples demonstrate advantages of the proposed method over other competitors.
Optimised LightGBM-based health condition evaluation method for the functional components in CNC machine tools under strong noise background
Authors: Jia Li , Jialong He , Wanghao Shen , Cheng Ma , Jili Wang , Yuzhi He
Published: December 2023

The accurate health condition evaluation of the functional components in computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools is an important prerequisite for predictive maintenance and fault warning. The vibration signals of the functional components in CNC machine tools often contain substantial noise, impeding the extraction of relevant health condition information from the vibration signals. This work presents an approach that leverages the variational mode decomposition (VMD) enhanced by the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA) alongside the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) optimised through particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to evaluate the health condition of the functional components in CNC machine tools amidst pervasive noise. Initially, the AHA optimised the penalty factor (α) and the decomposition layer (K) within the VMD. This optimised VMD was subsequently applied to denoise the original vibration signals. After this denoising process, PSO was employed to optimise the learning rate and maximum tree depth within LightGBM. Health condition evaluation experiments were executed on the feed system and spindle of the CNC machine tool to validate the proposed methodology. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed method attains paramount accuracy and computational efficiency, which are crucial for accurately evaluating the health condition of the functional components in CNC machine tools.
BDS-3 RTK/UWB semi-tightly coupled integrated positioning system in harsh environments
Authors: Dai Peipei , Wang Sen , Xu Tianhe , Wang Nazi , Li Min , Xing Jianping , Gao Fan
Published: December 2023

Real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning is a commonly used technique in modern industry, which is limited by problems such as signal occlusion, attenuation, and multipath, especially in complex urban canyons. To maintain the consistency of centimeter-level accuracy, we adopt the ultra-wideband (UWB) enhanced BDS-3 RTK positioning algorithm. This paper proposed a semi-tightly coupled (STC) BDS-3 RTK/UWB integration positioning model. This model realizes the UWB and BDS-3 complement each other and integrate information in the position domain. Besides, height constraint is imposed on UWB positioning to mitigate the effect of poor positioning of UWB in height components. To verify the effectiveness of the above algorithm, we have compared and analyzed the positioning performance of the STC BDS-3 RTK/UWB integration model and single BDS-3 RTK model in different occlusion environments. The positioning performance of static and kinematic of BDS-3 RTK/UWB STC based on different number of UWB anchors is further analyzed. The real-world experiment results show that the positioning accuracy of the proposed method can reach centimeter-level. Moreover, the proposed model can obtain more accurate positioning results than those of using single system, and it shows more obvious advantages, especially in the occlusion environment. In the occlusion environment, the root means square error in the east, north, and up directions is improved from (0.629 m, 0.325 m, 1.160 m) of the BDS-3-only to (0.075 m, 0.074 m, 0.029 m). This study can provide a reference for the future development of high-precision, real-time, continuous positioning, navigation, and timing in complex urban environments.
A dual attention mechanism network with self-attention and frequency channel attention for intelligent diagnosis of multiple rolling bearing fault types
Authors: Zhang Wenxing , Yang Jianhong , Bo Xinyu , Yang Zhenkai
Published: December 2023

Different fault types of rolling bearings correspond to different features, and classical deep learning models using a single attention mechanism (AM) have limitations in capturing feature diversity. Therefore, a novel dual attention mechanism network (DAMN) with self-attention (SA) and frequency channel attention (FCA) is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. The SA mechanism is used to capture global relationships between the input features and fault types, and the FCA mechanism applies multi-spectral attention to learn the local useful information among different input channels. The results of the ablation study on the effects of FCA blocks showed that including a proper combination of multiple frequency components is helpful in achieving higher accuracy. Experiments were conducted to diagnose rolling bearings with multiple types of faults. The results show that, compared with current fault diagnosis models, the proposed DAMN has better comprehensive performance in terms of diagnosis accuracy and model convergence speed. It was also demonstrated that the backbone of DAMN based on a dual AM could achieve better performance than the backbone based on a single AM.
Field theory of active Brownian particles in potentials
Authors: Zhang Ziluo , Fehértói-Nagy Lili , Polackova Maria , Pruessner Gunnar
Published: December 2023

The active Brownian particle (ABP) model exemplifies a wide class of active matter particles. In this work, we demonstrate how this model can be cast into a field theory in both two and three dimensions. Our aim is manifold: we wish both to extract useful features of the system, as well as to build a framework which can be used to study more complex systems involving ABPs, such as those involving interaction. Using the two-dimensional model as a template, we calculate the mean squared displacement exactly, and the one-point density in an external potential perturbatively. We show how the effective diffusion constant appears in the barometric density formula to leading order, and determine the corrections to it. We repeat the calculation in three dimensions, clearly a more challenging setup. Comparing different ways to capture the self-propulsion, we find that its perturbative treatment results in more tractable derivations without loss of exactness, where this is accessible.
Cooperative emergence of spatial public goods games with reputation discount accumulation
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Chun , Pi Jinxiu , Yang Hui
Published: December 2023

To address issues like the tragedy of the commons, reputation mechanisms prove effective in promoting the emergence of cooperative behavior in social dilemmas. Previous research assumed that the increment of reputation is a fixed constant, however, the historical behavior of individuals with time preferences affects their reputation fluctuations on different scales. Inspired by this, we propose a framework for spatial public goods game that incorporates a reputation discount accumulation model with time preferences. In this model, players are classified as either long-sighted players or short-sighted players based on the significance of their historical behavior. Compared with short-sighted players, long-sighted players are more concerned with the impact of historical behaviors on the next game. Simulation results show that long-sighted cooperative players can resist the invasion of short-sighted defectors, and short-sighted defection strategies are eventually replaced by long-sighted cooperative strategies. This indicates that a higher discount factor facilitates the generation and maintenance of cooperation.
SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years
Authors: Jones Amy M. , Beaton Rachael L. , Cherinka Brian A. , Masters Karen L. , Lucatello Sara , Diamond-Stanic Aleksandar M. , Bird Sarah A. , Blanton Michael R. , Cunha Katia , Farr Emily E. , Feuillet Diane , Frinchaboy Peter M. , Hagen Alex , Kinemuchi Karen , Lundgren Britt , Marinelli Mariarosa L. , Myers Adam D. , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Ross Ashley J. , Sánchez-Gallego José R. , Schmidt Sarah J. , Sobeck Jennifer , Stassun Keivan G. , Tayar Jamie , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Wilson J. C. , Zasowski Gail
Published: December 2023

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is one of the largest international astronomy organizations. We present demographic data based on surveys of its members from 2014, 2015 and 2016, during the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV). We find about half of SDSS-IV collaboration members were based in North America, a quarter in Europe, and the remainder in Asia and Central and South America. Overall, 26%–36% are women (from 2014 to 2016), up to 2% report non-binary genders. 11%–14% report that they are racial or ethnic minorities where they live. The fraction of women drops with seniority, and is also lower among collaboration leadership. Men in SDSS-IV were more likely to report being in a leadership role, and for the role to be funded and formally recognized. SDSS-IV collaboration members are twice as likely to have a parent with a college degree, than the general population, and are ten times more likely to have a parent with a PhD. This trend is slightly enhanced for female collaboration members. Despite this, the fraction of first generation college students is significant (31%). This fraction increased among collaboration members who are racial or ethnic minorities (40%–50%), and decreased among women (15%–25%). SDSS-IV implemented many inclusive policies and established a dedicated committee, the Committee on INclusiveness in SDSS. More than 60% of the collaboration agree that the collaboration is inclusive; however, collaboration leadership more strongly agree with this than the general membership. In this paper, we explain these results in full, including the history of inclusive efforts in SDSS-IV. We conclude with a list of suggested recommendations based on our findings, which can be used to improve equity and inclusion in large astronomical collaborations, which we argue is not only moral, but will also optimize their scientific output.
An optical encryption method based on double-threshold correspondence imaging
Authors: Sun Mingze , Bai Xing , Yu Zhan , Li Xinjia , Liu Yang , Li Yue , Zhang Jialin , Zhao Dan , Zhou Xin
Published: December 2023

An optical cryptosystem called double-threshold correspondence imaging (DTCI) encryption method is proposed. In DTCI encryption, two thresholds are used to select the larger and smaller bucket detector values, and the object image can be recovered only by averaging the speckle patterns corresponding to these selected bucket detector values. Compared with the traditional computational ghost imaging encryption, the ciphertext of DTCI encryption is a group of serial numbers rather than all bucket detector values, which not only reduces the volume of ciphertext but also enhances the security. Furthermore, the average operation replaces the second-order correlation operation in the decryption process, simplifying the decryption process and reducing the time cost. And the feasibility and high security of this method are verified by computer simulations.
Statistic Study of Particulate Matter Air Contamination in the City of Vidin, Bulgaria
Authors: Minkova Irina , Zheleva Ivanka , Filipova Margaritka
Published: December 2023

In the EU there are many regulations for monitoring the air contamination, for different norms of the air pollutants and aims for improving the air quality. Bulgaria as a member of the European Union has to comply with all these regulations.This paper deals with PM air contamination in the city of Vidin, Bulgaria. Vidin is located in northwestern Bulgaria, on the south bank of the river Danube. On the other side of the Danube is the town of Calafat, Romania. In Vidin during the winter periods of the years there are PM, sulfur and carbon dioxides air pollution greater than accepted norms. Due to the lack of central heating, the population uses mainly solid fuels for heating both in the domestic and in the public sectors. In Vidin there are days with PM10 pollution greater than the daily norm of 50μg/m3. This paper aims to study PM10 air pollution in the city of Vidin, Bulgaria for the period 2012 – 2022.
Orthonormal eigenfunction expansions for sixth-order boundary value problems
Authors: Papanicolaou N C , Christov I C
Published: December 2023

Sixth-order boundary value problems (BVPs) arise in thin-film flows with a surface that has elastic bending resistance. To solve such problems, we first derive a complete set of odd and even orthonormal eigenfunctions — resembling trigonometric sines and cosines, as well as the so-called “beam” functions. These functions intrinsically satisfy boundary conditions (BCs) of relevance to thin-film flows, since they are the solutions of a self-adjoint sixth-order Sturm–Liouville BVP with the same BCs. Next, we propose a Galerkin spectral approach for sixth-order problems; namely the sought function as well as all its derivatives and terms appearing in the differential equation are expanded into an infinite series with respect to the derived complete orthonormal (CON) set of eigenfunctions. The unknown coefficients in the series expansion are determined by solving the algebraic system derived by taking successive inner products with each member of the CON set of eigenfunctions. The proposed method and its convergence are demonstrated by solving two model sixth-order BVPs.
Mathematical and computer modelling of age-related changes of basic anthropometric and mass-inertial characteristics of Bulgarian females
Authors: Nikolova G , Dantchev D , Tsveov M , Kotev V
Published: December 2023

We study the age changes of the anthropometric as well as of the mass-inertial characteristics (MIC) of Bulgarian women aged 18-25 versus those aged 30-40. We do that via mathematical modelling of the human body (HB). Nowadays mathematical modelling is one of the modern methods for the determination of the MIC of different segments of the body, as well as of the whole body, and for studying the changes of the inertial characteristics during a specific motion of the considered person. The current work presents a 3D mathematical model (MM) of the HB, that is also generated in a computer environment. Both the model and its computer generation allow for the calculation of the MIC of all segments of the body, as well as for the whole HB in specific body positions. We consider such body postures which are presented in the corresponding classification of astronauts’ standard positions of interest for NASA. The obtained results are compared with those reported in the literature by other authors. The proposed models shall be also helpful in problems appearing in medicine (orthopaedics and traumatology), computer simulations, rehabilitation robotics, and sports, as well as in areas such as ergonomics, simulation of human behaviour in space, forensics (body fall, car crash) and more.
Reconstruction of time-dependent right-hand side in parabolic equations on disjoint domains
Authors: Koleva Miglena N. , Vulkov Lubin G.
Published: December 2023

We study inverse problems of reconstructing the time-dependent right-hand side from point observation in a one dimensional parabolic equation on disjoint intervals. These problems are ill-possed, i.e. very slight errors in the additional input may cause relatively significant errors in the output of the left and right internal right-hand side. In this work, we construct computational algorithms, using the loaded equation method. First, we perform a decomposition with respect to the unknown source of the inverse problem solutions. Then the inverse problems are reduced to a loaded parabolic equation problems. The well-posedness of the inverse problems is studied on the base of loaded equation ones. The numerical performance of the approach is realized by finite difference schemes, solved with decomposition algorithms. Computational experiments show the efficiency of the method.
Air Pollution Modeling of UNI-DEM Model by using Innovative Stochastic Approaches
Authors: Todorov Venelin , Georgiev Slavi , Dimov Ivan
Published: December 2023

In this paper we develop advanced multidimensional sensitivity analysis, based on some innovative stochastic approaches for performing air pollution modelling on a large-scale model of long-range transport of air pollutants. The Unified Danish Eulerian Model (UNI-DEM) is a very important mathematical model, and can be applied in many different studies related to damaging effects caused by high air pollution levels. We shall use it in this paper to get a reliable answer to a some very important questions regrading environmental protection. We develop some advanced Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods, based on special lattice and digital sequences. In this paper we will improve the digital ecosystem modeling by improving the existence stochastic approaches. The computational efficiency (in terms of relative error and computational time) of the advanced Monte Carlo algorithms for multidimensional numerical integration has been studied to analyze the sensitivity of UNI-DEM model output to variation of input emissions of the anthropogenic pollutants and of rates of several chemical reactions. The algorithms will be applied to compute global Sobol sensitivity measures corresponding to the influence of several input parameters on the concentrations of important air pollutants. The study will be done for the areas of several European cities with different geographical locations.
Development of linear power operational amplifier power supply with pre-regulated voltage controller for TPS correction magnets
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Liu Kuobin , Wong Yongseng
Published: December 2023

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a renowned 3 GeV
synchrotron accelerator light source. Over the past decade of
successful operation, it has demonstrated outstanding performance,
notably in average beam trip downtime, meeting international
standards. A continuous regimen of scheduled equipment upgrades has
been maintained across all subsystems to ensure ongoing improvement
and the preservation of an optimal research facility
environment. The central focus of this study revolves around the
design and realization of a TPS correction magnet power supply
employing Linear Power Operational Amplifiers (LPOA) in conjunction
with a pre-regulated voltage controller. The power source
predominantly features APEX Corporation's PA05 LPOA, characterized
by bipolar output, high internal power dissipation, and wide
bandwidth. Additionally, a DC Current Transducer (DCCT) was employed
as the current feedback element, integrated with the pre-regulator
voltage controller to form a closed-loop current modulation circuit,
providing the variable voltage required by the LPOA. Through these
measures, we have successfully developed an LPOA power supply unit
equipped with a pre-regulated voltage controller for TPS correction
magnets. The prototype device boasts a maximum output current of
±10 A, operating at 24 V. Validation through control loop
design has led to rapid and stable output current performance. The
output current ripple is maintained within 100 μA, with a
rise time of 75 μs during step response. During frequency
response testing utilizing a 0.1 V disturbance signal, the gain
margin resides within -3 dB at an 11.2 kHz bandwidth and the
phase margin within -45∘ at a 5.1 kHz range. Long-term
output current stability is sustained within ten ppm. Finally, a
hardware prototype circuit has been constructed in the power supply
laboratory, featuring a ±24 V input voltage and ±10 A
output current, achieving a maximum rated power of 240 W.
Microplastic Contaminant in Indonesia: A review on Debris, Exposure, Health Risk and Future Perspective
Authors: Pramaningsih V , Isworo S , Purwanto A D , Kurniawan D
Published: December 2023

Microplastics are growing environmental concern, posing risks to both ecosystem and human health, especially in marine environments. Purpose this review is studied debris, exposure, health risk and future perspective of microplastic contaminant in Indonesia. This review method is collects the studied from google scholar, with publisher: ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, MDPI, IOP Conference, Nature, Taylor & Francis. Keyword was used microplastic, debris, environmental exposure, health risk, Indonesia. Result finds the kind of microplastic debris are Fragment, Fiber, Granule, Film, Foam and Filament. Microplastic exposure the water organism including fish, shellfish, seabirds, table salt, snail and crab. It has an impact on human health when people consume seafood that contains microplastics through the food chain. Human exposure to microplastics occurs through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food and water, inhalation of airborne particles, and dermal contact. Health risk indicate that microplastics can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially leading to inflammation, disruption of gut microbiota, and even the release of hazardous chemicals. The future perspective is needed continued research, monitoring, and policy measures are necessary to effectively mitigate microplastic pollution in Indonesia and safeguard its ecosystems and public health. Overalls, it needs solid waste management and use degradable plastics.
Traders’ motivation in business development-based coastal forest ecotourism : a case study of small islands in the City Of Bandar Lampung
Authors: Harianto Sugeng Prayitno , Arioen Refi , Tsani Machya Kartika , Zuhelmi Tomy Pratama , Surnayanti
Published: December 2023

Small island ecotourism is available in three regencies in Lampung Bay, one of them located in Bandar Lampung City, which has two coastal forest ecotourism areas, notably Pasaran Island and Permata Island. These two islands have quite distinct characteristics. Pasaran Island combines the beauty of the sea with marine products attraction. Permata Island attraction lies in the beauty of the sea and local wisdom stories. Traders that conduct business in Pasaran Island and Permata Island have different motivation and efforts. The goal of this research was to investigate traders’ motives and efforts in business development based on coastal forest ecotourism. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interviews and observation and then evaluated using a qualitative descriptive method. The findings revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation influenced the motivation of Pasaran Island and Permata Island traders in running their ecotourism business. Traders’ efforts to improve ecotourism on Pasaran Island are reflected through environmental stewardship, such as processing marine product away from communities and ecotourism objects to avoid air pollution in the coastal forest ecotourism region. In contrast to the Permata Island traders, who lay a greater emphasis on environmental purity and comfort in the ecotourism sector.
Study of diameter and height increment of Nipa (Nypa fruticans) fronds for the sustainability of mangrove forests management in Pagar Batu Island, Mahakam River Estuary, East Kalimantan
Authors: Herlambang H , Siswanto H , Sianturi N , Rastika W
Published: December 2023

Nipa (Nypa fruticans) is a type of plant that lives in many mangrove forests. The potential of nipa palm has been used as a source of income for the community, such as through the production of nipa plants and their fronds. However, harvesting carried out by the community has the potential to cause damage to nipa palm forests. This research aims to determine the increase in height and diameter of nipa palm fronds until they are ready to be harvested and to ensure that nipa palm harvesting is in accordance with the principles of desire. Sampling was carried out randomly on 30 palm clumps, and diameter and height measurements were carried out repeatedly every ten days for 40 days. The results showed that the average increase in front height was 16.71 cm per day, and the average increase in diameter was 0.18 cm per day. After 40 days of age, the front diameter reaches an average of 7.5 cm and a height of 6.7 m, making it suitable for harvesting in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management.
Management of the Lati Petangis grand forest park (TAHURA): roles and perceptions of forest farmer groups
Authors: Firdaus  , Nursakinah
Published: December 2023

This research aims to identify and descriptively analyze the roles and perceptions of Forest Farmers Groups in the management of Tahura Lati Petangis in Batu Engau District, Paser Regency. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample in this study consisted of all members of the three Forest Farmers Groups located around the Tahura Lati Petangis area, totaling 52 people. The results showed that the role of the Forest Farmer Group, which is a partner in the management of Tahura Lati Petangis, is to make efforts to restore the ecosystem and make efforts to manage forests sustainably in the form of Agroforestry, where partnerships with forest farmer groups are carried out in the form of work orders. While the perception of the Forest Farmer Group in the management of Tahura Lati Petangis shows that this partnership is very beneficial for forest farmer groups, they also get insight, skills, and wages from the Tahura Lati Petangis management, because they have planted and maintained the main plant, namely forest plants, and besides that, they also get additional income from planting intercrops and coaching from the Tahura Lati Petangis management.
Water sustainability in the Anthropocene: challenges and solutions for a changing world
Authors: Annisa C N , Purwanti E , Setiawati  , Sardjono M A
Published: December 2023

Water plays a crucial role in the sustainable development, impacting socio-economic development, environmental health, and human survival. As a common property, effective water management through good governance is essential to accommodate various interests and minimise conflict. The study discussed the global water resources in the era of human domination, highlighting the increasing water scarcity and its implications. It explored the multifaceted roles of water in society, encompassing economic, leisure, political and religious aspects through summarising and analysing the literatures. Results showed that the current global context presents challenges to water availability and quality due to population growth, rising living standards, climate change, and mismanagement. It also acknowledged the recognition of water access as a human right and discussed the progress and remaining challenges in achieving universal access to clean water and sanitation. The paper emphasizes the need for improved water governance to address these challenges and ensure equitable access to water resources. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) was proposed as the popular solution for interdisciplinary and multi-interest water management to ensure sustainable water use, equitable access, and environmental conservation.
Micro spatial planning approach for effective peat restoration concept in Kahayan-Sebangau Rivers Peat Hydrological Units
Authors: Ilona Merty , Lautt Bambang Supriyono , Usup Aswin , Wibowo Agung , Yulianto Santosa
Published: December 2023

Peatland ecosystems play a pivotal role in supporting a diverse array of organisms and offer multiple benefits, encompassing functions as habitats, food sources, regulators of water systems, contributors to biodiversity, and carbon storage. Nevertheless, the degradation of peat can yield substantial consequences, including forest fires and floods. Although government regulations predominantly emphasize peat management on a larger scale, there is a noticeable absence of guidance for planning at meso and micro levels. The objective of this research is to bridge this gap by introducing a micro-scale planning approach for peat restoration. The methodology involves employing spatial analysis to create a micro Peat Hydrological Unit model. Official spatial data from various sources is meticulously processed using Geographic Information System (GIS) and categorized based on multiple factors, including elevation, depth, land cover, ecosystem function, hydrological network, and land management authority. The findings reveal the existence of 44 KHG micro-units, encompassing a total of 523 characteristics and covering an area of 451,081.54 hectares. Furthermore, the study identifies areas with varying levels of damage, with 938.33 hectares experiencing heavy damage, 95,657.21 hectares reflecting moderate damage, and 91,901.94 hectares showing light damage. Drawing on extensive experience in peatland management, the research presents strategic approach to enhance the effectiveness of peat restoration efforts.
Floristic composition of the local family forest in Panarung Village, a subdistrict of Bentian Besar, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Matius P , Phambudi F , Aryanto  , Harmonis  , Arifin Z , Ruslim Y
Published: December 2023

Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T et B.) is a unique tree species in Kalimantan because its most durable wood and only grows in mixed lowland dipterocarp forest habitat. The purpose of this study is to examine the floristic composition, variety, and structure of the mixed ulin forest in Penarung village, subdistrict of Bentian Besar, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. Each sample plot was rectangular and was 125 m by 20 m in size. For the tree stage, each sample plot was divided into subplots that measured 25 m by 20 m. Each subplot measured 2 m by 2 m for seedlings, thickets, and herbs and 5 m by 5 m for saplings The Result showed the species richness was 196 species, which consisted of 147 tree species, 16 species of lianas, 13 species of herbs, 12 species of shrubs, 5 species of ferns, 2 species of rattan and 1 species of palm. The tree stage consisted of 97 species, 70 genera, and 36 families. Species diversity (H’), showed that tree and sapling stages were high 3.82 for tree and 3.92 for sapling stages, while seedlings in moderate, with H’= 2.49. Evenness (E) in the tree stage was 0.83, while sapling and seedling were 0.87 and 0.55 respectively. This forest contained 28 species of endemic, 2 species of critically endangered (CR), 2 species endangered (EN), and 10 species of vulnerable (Vu).
Cavity-nesting birds in the forest patch around urban areas: A case study in Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Adi Nugroho Septian Putra , Mardiastuti Ani , Mulyani Yeni Aryati , Rahman Dede Aulia
Published: December 2023

Cavity-nesting birds lay eggs and raise chicks within their nest inside the cavities. The existence of cavity-nesting birds in nature has important ecological roles. This study aimed to identify and analyze cavity-nesting bird species in the tropical lowland forest patches, particularly in Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted in the forested area within the Dramaga Experimental Forest and the Dramaga Campus of IPB University. The cavity-nesting bird species were observed during September – December 2020 and September – December 2021. Each cavity-nesters observed was classified based on how to make and utilize the nesting site (i.e., primary excavator, facultative excavator, non-excavator) and their nest locations (i.e., nesting in the trees or other locations). We observed 12 cavity-nesters in the study area, consisting of 4 primary excavators, 2 facultative excavators, 3 non-excavators in the trees, and 3 non-excavators in the riverbanks. Cavity-nesting bird richness in the Dramaga Campus (12 species) was higher than in the Dramaga Experimental Forest (9 species). This study revealed that the two study areas still provide suitable habitats for cavity-nesting birds. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the presence of cavity-nesting birds and their habitat by initiating conservation efforts, such as habitat management, strengthening conservation actions and policies, and increasing public awareness.