bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HHT-Based Detection Method of Cutter Abnormal Vibration in Spiral Surface Machining
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yuliang , Yu Jianping , Deng Xiaolei
Published: August 2019

Background::

Cutter abnormal vibration occurs frequently during the spiral surface machining
process, and it results in low quality of the finished surface. In order to suppress cutter abnormal
vibration effectively, it is necessary to detect abnormal vibration as soon as possible, but the
analysis and processing of the cutter abnormal vibration signal in spiral surface machining are difficult
because of its complicated components and non-linear non-stationary characteristics. In this paper,
a detection method of cutter abnormal vibration signal based on Empirical Mode Decomposition
(EMD) and Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) is proposed to be applied in spiral surface machining.

Method::

First of all, EMD of the cutter vibration signal in the spiral surface machining is performed
to obtain a series of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components in different frequency bands. Secondly,
the variation in the energy of each IMF component in the frequency domain and the correlation
with the original signal are analyzed to obtain the IMF component with the largest amount of
information on abnormal vibration symptom. Finally, the Hilbert transform is conducted on the IMF
component to extract the symptom features of abnormal vibration.

Results::

The Hilbert-Huang spectrogram obtained by Hilbert transform is a two-variable function of
time and frequency, from which the frequency information at any time can be obtained, including
the magnitude and amplitude of the frequency and the corresponding moments appearing, which can
describe the time-frequency characteristics of the non-stationary non-linear signal in detail. Experimental
results show that the HHT based method to analyze the cutter vibration signal in the spiral
surface machining can extract the symptom of abnormal vibration quickly and effectively, and can
detect cutter abnormal vibration rapidly.

Conclusion::

The proposed method based on HHT in this paper is fundamentally different from the
traditional signal time-frequency analysis methods, and has achieved good results in practical applications.
This method could be successfully used in abnormal vibration detection, which could also
provide basis and guarantee for the subsequent suppression of abnormal vibration.
Visual-auditory Volume Rendering of Scalar Fields
Authors: Malikova Evgeniya , Adzhiev Valery , Fryazinov Oleg , Pasko Alexander
Published: August 2019

This paper describes a novel approach to visual-auditory volume rendering of continuous scalar fields. The proposed method uses well-established similarities in light transfer and sound propagation modelling to extend the visual scalar field data analysis with auditory attributes. We address the visual perception limitations of existing volume rendering techniques and show that they can be handled by auditory analysis. In particular, we describe a practical application to demonstrate how the proposed approach may keep the researcher aware of the visual perception issues in colour mapping and help track and detect geometrical features and symmetry break, issues that are important in the context of interpretation of the physical phenomena.
The Sonification of Solar Harmonics (SoSH) Project
Authors: Shafer Seth , Larson Timothy , di Falco Elaine
Published: August 2019

The Sun is a resonant cavity for very low frequency acoustic waves, and just like a musical instrument, it supports a number of oscillation modes, also commonly known as harmonics. We are able to observe these harmonics by looking at how the Sun’s surface oscillates in response to them. Although this data has been studied scientifically for decades, it has only rarely been sonified. The Sonification of Solar Harmonics (SoSH) Project seeks to sonify data related to the field of helioseismology and distribute tools for others to do the same. Creative applications of this research by the authors include musical compositions, installation artwork, a short documentary, and a full-dome planetarium experience.
The Design and Exploration of Using Auditory Effects for Blind Drivers in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Dewhurst David
Published: August 2019

This work forms a part of a wider project, in which the author is developing a system to present visual images, and other material, via sets of auditory (and tactile) display effects. The main contribution of this paper is to describe the design, and examine the effectiveness, of these effects in an automotive context, specifically in the context of blind drivers travelling in autonomous (self-driving) vehicles. This paper also brings together and summarizes auditory display effects and techniques that have previously been reported by the author, and describes several new features. The effects are termed tracers; polytracers; drone and matrix effects; imprints; and multi-level multi-talker “focus” effects. The paper describes the potential automotive application of such auditory display effects in:- command and control; route presentation; maps/cartography; and enhancing the journey experience of blind travelers. Methods of presenting rectangular areas within a scene, (termed “audio previews”) are described and discussed, as is the concept of a small set of effects termed a “glimpse”. The results of informal assessment sessions with a totally blind person, and two sighted people, are described.
Sonifigrapher. Sonified Light Curve Synthesizer
Authors: Riber Adrián García
Published: August 2019

In an attempt to contribute to the constant feedback existing between science and music, this work describes the design strategies used in the development of the virtual synthesizer prototype called Sonifigrapher. Trying to achieve new ways of creating experimental music through the exploration of exoplanet data sonifications, this software provides an easy-to-use graph-to-sound quadraphonic converter, designed for the sonification of the light curves from NASA’s publicly-available exoplanet archive. Based on some features of the first analog tape recorder samplers, the prototype allows end-users to load a light curve from the archive and create controlled audio spectra making use of additive synthesis sonification. It is expected to be useful in creative, educational and informational contexts as part of an experimental and interdisciplinary development project for sonification tools, oriented to both non-specialized and specialized audiences.
Studies in Spatial Aural Perception: Establishing Foundations for Immersive Sonification
Authors: Bukvic Ivica Ico , Earle Gregory , Sardana Disha , Joo Woohun
Published: August 2019

The Spatial Audio Data Immersive Experience (SADIE) project aims to identify new foundational relationships pertaining to hu-man spatial aural perception, and to validate existing relation-ships. Our infrastructure consists of an intuitive interaction in-terface, an immersive exocentric soniﬁcation environment, and a layer-based amplitude-panning algorithm. Here we highlight the system’s unique capabilities and provide ﬁndings from an initial externally funded study that focuses on the assessment of human aural spatial perception capacity. When compared to the existing body of literature focusing on egocentric spatial perception, our data show that an immersive exocentric environment enhances spatial perception, and that the physical implementation using high density loudspeaker arrays enables signiﬁcantly improved spatial perception accuracy relative to the egocentric and virtual binaural approaches. The preliminary observations suggest that human spatial aural perception capacity in real-world-like immersive exocentric environments that allow for head and body movement is significantly greater than in egocentric scenarios where head and body movement is restricted. Therefore, in the design of immersive auditory displays, the use of immersive exocentric environments is advised. Further, our data identify a signiﬁcant gap between physical and virtual human spatial aural perception accuracy, which suggests that further development of virtual aural immersion may be necessary before such an approach may be seen as a viable alternative.
Mixed Speech and Non-speech Auditory Displays: Impacts of Design, Learning, and Individual Differences in Musical Engagement
Authors: Li Grace , Walker Bruce N.
Published: August 2019

Information presented in auditory displays is often spread across multiple streams to make it easier for listeners to distinguish between different sounds and changes in multiple cues. Due to the limited resources of the auditory sense and the fact that they are often untrained compared to the visual senses, studies have tried to determine the limit to which listeners are able to monitor different auditory streams while not compromising performance in using the displays. This study investigates the difference between non-speech auditory displays, speech auditory displays, and mixed displays; and the effects of the different display designs and individual differences on performance and learnability. Results showed that practice with feedback significantly improves performance regardless of the display design and that individual differences such as active engagement in music and motivation can predict how well a listener is able to learn to use these displays. Findings of this study contribute to understanding how musical experience can be linked to usability of auditory displays, as well as the capability of humans to learn to use their auditory senses to overcome visual workload and receive important information.
A Radar-based Navigation Assistance Device With Binaural Sound Interface for Vision-impaired People
Authors: Urbanietz Christoph , Enzner Gerald , Orth Alexander , Kwiatkowski Patrick , Pohl Nils
Published: August 2019

Sound is extremely important to our daily navigation, while sometimes slightly underestimated relative to the simultaneous presence of the visual sense. Indeed, the spatial sense of sound can immediately identify the direction of danger far beyond the restricted sense of vision. The sound is then rapidly and unconsciously interpreted by assigning a meaning to it. In this paper, we therefore propose an assisted-living device that deliberately stimulates the sense of hearing in order to assist vision-impaired people in navigation and orientation tasks. The sense of vision in this framework is replaced with a sensing capability based on radar, and a comprehensive radar proﬁle of the environment is translated into a dedicated sound representation, for instance, to indicate the distances and directions of obstacles. The concept thus resembles a bionic adaptation of the echolocation system of bats, which can provide successful navigation entirely in the dark. The process of translating radar data into sound in this context is termed “soniﬁcation”. An advantage of radar sensing over optical cameras is the independence from environmental lighting conditions. Thus, the envisioned system can operate as a range extender of the conventional white cane. The paper technically reports the radar and binaural sound engine of our system and, speciﬁcally, describes the link between otherwise asynchronous radar circuitry and the binaural audio output to headphones.
Direct Segmented Sonification of Characteristic Features of the Data Domain
Authors: Vickers Paul , Höldrich Robert
Published: August 2019

Like audiﬁcation, auditory graphs maintain the temporal relationships of data while using parameter mappings to represent the ordinate values. Such direct approaches have the advantage of presenting the data stream ‘as is’ without the imposed interpretations or accentuation of particular features found in indirect approaches. However, datasets can often be subdivided into short non-overlapping variable length segments that each encapsulate a discrete unit of domain-speciﬁc signiﬁcant information and current direct approaches cannot represent these. We present Direct Segmented Soniﬁcation (DSSon) for highlighting the segments’ data distributions as individual sonic events. Using domain knowledge DSSon presents segments as discrete auditory gestalts while retaining the overall temporal regime and relationships of the dataset. The method’s structural decoupling from the sound stream’s formation means playback speed is independent of the individual sonic event durations, thereby offering highly ﬂexible time compression/stretching to allow zooming into or out of the data. DSSon displays high directness, letting the data ‘speak’ for themselves.
Disclosing Cyber Attacks on Water Distribution Systems. An Experimental Approach to the Sonification of Threats and Anomalous Data
Authors: Lenzi Sara , Terenghi Ginevra , Taormina Riccardo , Galelli Stefano , Ciuccarelli Paolo
Published: August 2019

Water distribution systems are undergoing a process of intensive digitalization, adopting networked devices for monitoring and control. While this transition improves efficiency and reliability, these infrastructures are increasingly exposed to cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks engender anomalous system behaviors which can be detected by data-driven algorithms monitoring sensors readings to disclose the presence of potential threats. At the same time, the use of sonification in real time process monitoring has grown in importance as a valid alternative to avoid information overload and allowing peripheral monitoring. Our project aims to design a sonification system allowing human operators to take better decisions on anomalous behavior while occupied in other (mainly visual) tasks. Using a state-of-the-art detection algorithm and data sets from the Battle of the Attack Detection Algorithms, a series of sonification prototypes were designed and tested in the real world. This paper illustrates the design process and the experimental data collected, as well results and plans for future steps.
Sonifyd: A Graphical Approach for Sound Synthesis and Synesthetic Visual Expression
Authors: Joo Woohun
Published: August 2019

This paper describes Sonifyd, a sonification driven multimedia and audiovisual environment based on color-sound conversion for real-time manipulation. Sonifyd scans graphics horizontally or vertically from a scan line, generates sound and determines timbre according to its own additive synthesis based color-to-sound mapping. Color and sound relationships are fixed as default, but they can be organic for more tonal flexibility. Within this ecosystem, flexible timbre changes will be discovered by Sonifyd. The scan line is invisible, but Sonifyd provides another display that represents the scanning process in the form of dynamic imagery representation. The primary goal of this project is to be a functioning tool for a new kind of visual music, graphic sonification research and to further provide a synesthetic metaphor for audiences/users in the context of an art installation and audiovisual performance. The later section is a discussion about limitations that I have encountered: using an additive synthesis and frequency modulation technique with the line scanning method. In addition, it discusses potential possibilities for the future direction of development in relation to graphic expression and sound design context.
Toward Supporting End-user Design of Soundscape Sonifications
Authors: Wolf Katieanna , Fiebrink Rebecca
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we explore the potential for everyday Twitter users to design and use soundscape sonifications as an alternative, “calm” modality for staying informed of Twitter activity. We first present the results of a survey assessing how 100 Twitter users currently use and change audio notifications. We then present a study in which 9 frequent Twitter users employed two user interfaces— with varying degrees of automation—to design, customize, and use soundscape sonifications of Twitter data. This work suggests that soundscapes have great potential for creating a calm technol ogy for maintaining awareness of Twitter data, and that sound scapes can be useful in helping people without prior experience in sound design think about sound in sophisticated ways and engage meaningfully in sonification design.
Design and Evaluation of an Audio Game-inspired Auditory Map Interface
Authors: Biggs Brandon , Coppin Peter , Coughlan James
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated a web-based auditory map prototype built utilizing conventions found in audio games and presents findings from a set of tasks participants performed with the prototype. The prototype allowed participants to use their own computer and screen reader, contrary to most studies, which restrict use to a single platform and a self-voicing feature (providing a voice that talks by default). There were three major findings from the tasks: the interface was extremely easy to learn and navigate, participants all had unique navigational styles and preferred using their own screen reader, and participants needed user interface features that made it easier to understand and answer questions about spatial properties and relationships. Participants gave an average task load score of 39 from the NASA Task Load Index and gave a confidence level of 46/100 for actually using the prototype to physically navigate.
Design And Evaluation of a New Auditory Display for the Pulse Oximeter
Authors: Paterson Estrella , Sanderson Penelope , Paterson Neil , Loeb Robert
Published: August 2019

During surgery the pulse oximeter device provides information about a patient’s oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate via visual and auditory displays. An audible tone is emitted after every detected pulse (indicating heart rate), and the pitch of the tone is mapped to SpO2. However, clinicians cannot reliably judge SpO2 using only the current auditory display. In a series of three studies, we compared auditory displays based on current pulse oximeters with displays designed to provide more information about SpO2 levels using additional acoustic properties. Results from the first two laboratory studies show that the new auditory displays support better identification of specified ranges of SpO2, and better detection of when saturation transitions a critically relevant threshold. The analysis of a third study in a high-fidelity simulator is currently under way. An auditory display that provides more information about SpO2 levels and when SpO2 changes from one range to another may be useful for clinicians when they are engaged in other visually demanding tasks but have to detect and treat patient deterioration, often in time-pressured and stressful situations.
Subjective Elicitation Of Listener-Perspective-Dependent Spatial Attributes in a Rerverberant Room, using
the Repertory Grid Technique
Authors: Băcilă Bogdan Ioan , Lee Hyunkook
Published: August 2019

Spatial impression is a widely researched topic in concert hall acoustics and spatial audio display. In order to provide the listener with plausible spatial impression in virtual and augmented reality applications, especially in the 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DOF) context, it is first important to understand how humans perceive various acoustical cues from different listening perspectives in a real space. This paper presents a fundamental subjective study conducted on the perception of spatial impression for multiple listener positions and orientations. An in-situ elicitation test was carried out using the repertory grid technique in a reverberant concert hall. Cluster analysis revealed a number of conventional spatial attributes such as source width, environmental width and envelopment. However, reverb directionality and echo perception were also found to be salient spatial properties associated with changes in the listener’s position and head orientation.
Audio Guidance for Optimal Placement of an Auditory Brainstem Implant with Magnetic Navigation and Maximum Clinical Application Accuracy
Authors: Miljic Ognjen , Bardosi Zoltan , Freysinger Wolfgang
Published: August 2019

For patients with ineffective auditory nerve and complete hearing loss, Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) presents diversity of hearing sensations to help with sound consciousness and communication. At present, during the surgical intervention, surgeons use pre-operative patient images to determine optimal position of an ABI on cochlear nucleus on brainstem. When found, the optimal position is marked and mentally mapped by the surgeon. Next, the surgeon tries to locate the optimal position in patient’s head again and places the ABI. The aim of this project is to provide the surgeon with maximum clinical application accuracy guidance to store the optimal position for the implant, and to provide intuitive audio guidance for positioning the implant at the stored optimal position. By using three audio methods, in combination with visual information on Image-Guided Surgery (IGS), surgeon should spend less time looking at the screen, and more time focused on the patient.
London Bus Tunes: Using Sound to Improve the Safe Navigation of London’s Bus System
Authors: Adhitya Sara
Published: August 2019

This work-in-progress introduces a proposal to incorporate sound in the passenger navigation system of the London Bus. First, we present the problems of accessibility concerning London’s complex bus system. Then, we introduce our proposal of using sound and sonification in particular to aid in the navigation of London’s bus system. We explain our sonification strategy and describe a recent preliminary trial of our sonification prototype, implemented as an installation during an accessibility event held by Transport for London at the ExCel centre in London on 19 March 2019. We discuss the feedback obtained from this trial and conclude with proposed future work in terms of both the development of our sonification strategy as well as its implementation in London’s public transport system.
Designing Adaptive Audio for Autonomous Driving: An Industrial and Academic-Led Design Challenge
Authors: MacDonald Doon
Published: August 2019

The paper discusses a design challenge around the use of adaptive audio to support experience and uptake of autonomous driving. The paper outlines a collaboration that is currently being established between researchers at Swansea university and a major OEM that is set to examine user-centred approaches to designing audio that enhance and enrich human-experience with driving. The paper outlines the potential collaboration and describes how we will address the challenge to designing adaptive audio for unsupervised/autonomous driving. The paper outlines the research question we will address and how we will apply a tool/method that supports rapid prototyping for novice designers alongside addressing ideas around aesthetics in the interface and relationships between sound as a means for communication and as experience.
Emotional Labour in the Role of University Department Chair
Authors: Cowley Summer
Published: August 2019

When considering the role of university department chair, one may think of objective tasks, such as budgets, scheduling, and faculty development. However, due to the social interaction required to run a department, the daily work of chair involves emotional self-management in addition to planning and organization. Although the objective tasks of the role of chair have been studied, there is a lack of information regarding chairs’ self-management of emotions, a process herein referred to as emotional labour. This study asks: “In what ways do department chairs perform emotional labour at work?” Findings from this study may shed light on the ways in which the role of university department chair in Canada requires emotional work, as well as objective task-completion.
Can the Use of English as a Medium of Instruction Promote a More Inclusive and Equitable Higher Education in Brazil?
Authors: Baumvol Laura , Sarmento Simone
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present the status quo and challenges regarding the use of additional languages as a medium of instruction in Brazilian higher education. We begin by contextualizing the importance of the process of internationalization at home (IaH) and additional languages in higher education. Next, the teaching of additional languages in Brazil, which has been until very recently relegated to the private sector and accessible only to an elite, is introduced. We then provide an overview of the present state of affairs of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in the country, which is still in its infancy. We move on to describe different ways in which language and content can be integrated in higher education, as well as how EMI can be introduced in disciplinary courses. We finish concluding that EMI can maximize the learning of academic English by Brazilian students and content instructors, as well as encourage a more international higher education and balanced academic mobility by allowing foreign students to study in Brazil while preserving and even increasing the international interest in the Portuguese language. In a country located in the periphery of knowledge production and dissemination, we understand that the adoption of EMI can potentially foster the inclusion of more Brazilians in the global academic and research scenario. It gives them access to the knowledge produced internationally and, at the same time, enables the research produced in the country to be disseminated globally.
EFFICACY OF LOW-DOSE THROMBOLYSIS WITH INTRAVENOUS ALTEPLASE WITHIN 6 H OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE ONSET: EVIDENCE FROM SINGLE REFERRAL CENTER IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rasyid Al , Harris Salim , Kurniawan Mohammad , Mesiano Taufik , Hidayat Rakhmad , Herqutanto  , Rahmadhani Meity Asyari
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of thrombolysis with 0.6 mg/kg intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke patients within 6 h of stroke onset.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data of patients with ischemic stroke received intravenous thrombolytic therapy with 0.6 mg/kg alteplase within 6 h of onset in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo [RSCM]) between November 2014 and August 2017. Efficacy of the thrombolytic therapy was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). NIHSS evaluated on 24 h and 7 d post thrombolytic therapy portrayed clinical outcomes of patients while mRS evaluated on day 30 post-thrombolysis portrayed the functional outcome of patients.

Results: The median NIHSS score decreased on 24 h and 7 d post-thrombolysis. 33.3% patients experienced a reduction of NIHSS score ≥4 on 24 h post thrombolytic therapy. On day 7 following thrombolysis, 57.4% patients had a good clinical outcome. On day 30 follow-up, 55.6% patients had a good functional outcome.

Conclusion: Thrombolysis using 0.6 mg/kg intravenous alteplase within 6 h of onset is effective for acute ischemic stroke patients.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF HTR1A GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: YAHYA SHAYMAA M. , GEBRIL OLA , ABDEL RAOUF EHAB R. , E. ELHADIDY MOHAMED
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the expression levels of HTR1A gene in a sample of Egyptian autistic children.

Methods: Thirty autistic patients (18 boys, 12 girls) and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. From each child, we isolated RNA samples from whole blood. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the gene expressions of HTR1A and normalized to the house keeping gene, beta-actin.

Results: The HTR1A gene expression of healthy controls and ASD subjects were varied significantly (p =0.0062). As compared to control healthy subjects, the HTR1A expressions were greatly reduced in samples of ASD.

Conclusion: HTR1A gene expression level is a candidate gene for further studies to explore its potential roles in ASD related pathways.
A NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: SUMA B. V. , R. DEVESWARAN , SHENOY PREMNATH
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective: To develop a new simple, selective and precise high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for determination of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) in bulk and tablet dosage form

Methods: The present study describes development and validation of High performance thin layer chromatographic method for DAPA. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Merck precoated silica gel aluminium plate 60 F254 using Chloroform: Methanol (9:1v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative determination of drug was carried out by densitometric scanning of plates at 223 nm using Camag TLC Scanner.

Results: The chromatographic condition shows compact band with the retention factor for dapaglifloxin as 0.21 ± 0.004. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Response was found to be linear in the concentration range of 400 ng/ band to 1200 ng/band with linear regression value of 0.9953 with respect to peak area and concentration value The LOD and LOQ was found to be 1.2083 ng/band and 3.6616ng/ band. The percentage assay was found to be 100±0.05.

Conclusion: This method under statistical analysis proved a selective, repeatable and accurate analysis of the drug. This method can be used for quantitative analysis of dapaglifloxin in the bulk drug and in tablet.
Evidence for quaternary seismic activity of the La Alberca-Teremendo fault, Morelia region, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Soria-Caballero Diana Cinthia , Garduño-Monroy Victor Hugo , Alcalá María , Velázquez-Bucio María Magdalena , Grassi Laura
Published: August 2019

The La Alberca-Teremendo fault is a 26 km-long, complex fault composed of an en échelon array of short crustal fault segments, belonging to the Morelia-Acambay fault system. This fault system shows parallel scarps with morphological evidence of recent activity such as drainage alteration, maximum throws of 50 m and minimum throws of 1.4 m that displace the recent soils. The fault acted as a conduit for the formation of the La Alberca de Guadalupe maar (23000 to 21000 years ago) and displaced afterwards its phreatomagmatic sequences. The paleoseismic analysis indicates that the La Alberca-Teremendo fault moved three times in the past 23000 years (age of the maar); this activity caused an average vertical displacement of 87 cm, and might have generated earthquakes with magnitudes Mw between 6.6 and 7, as well as volcano-tectonic earthquakes with magnitudes Mw between 4 and 5.5. The displacements were identified on the fault through the superposition of soils differentiated by a disconformity and an anomalous increase in the percentage of clay and organic matter. The La Alberca-Teremendo fault has dominant dip slip with a minor left-lateral component, a slip rate of 0.114 mm/year, and an average recurrence interval of 7726 ± 68 years. According to scaling relations that use the surface rupture length, if we assume that the La Alberca-Teremendo fault moves tectonically, it could generate earthquakes with maximum magnitudes of Mw between 6.7 and 7.3, however because of the active volcanic processes in the area, we could expect moderate volcano-tectonic earthquakes (Mw 4–5.5) rather than catastrophic ones.
Potentially toxic elements determination and chemical-microbiological analysis of potable water in Taxco de Alarcón, Guerrero
Authors: Sánchez-Montoya Guadalupe , Talavera-Mendoza Oscar , Hernández-Flores Giovanni , Díaz-Villaseñor Elvia , Ramírez-Guzmán Alejandro H. , Galarza-Brito Zeferino
Published: August 2019

Taxco de Alarcón is an important mining site in Mexico. The town is a well-known tourist destination where the potable water quality is important for guaranteeing the health of the users. Due to the altitude of the city, the surface and rain water are the main sources of water. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize i) the composition and chemical speciation of particulate matter suspended in water to determine the content of potentially toxic elements, and ii) the chemical and bacteriological composition of the potable water of Taxco de Alarcón, Guerrero, Mexico, according to the Mexican official norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994. The analyzed representative samples were taken from the municipal water distribution network, the water treatment plant, the Chacuhalco spring and a mixture of the waters of the Chontalcuatlán river, the Tenería spring, and the San Marcos and El Sombrerito dams. According to the results, 94 % of the analyzed samples did not comply with the standard NOM-127-SSA1-1994. Moreover, the distribution of the analyzed elements in the different chemical fractions of the particulate matter showed that the highest concentration of Cd (4.17 mg∙kg-1) is associated with the carbonate fraction. This means Cd is moderately bioavailable. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu (62.2, 42.3, 243 and 1026 mg∙kg-1, respectively) were detected in the Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide fraction, also considered as moderately bioavailable, whereas the highest concentrations of As, Fe and V (24.0, 7583 and 31.3 mg∙kg-1, respectively) were associated with the residual fraction, considered as non-bioavailable. The results indicate that, to improve the quality of potable water, modifications must be incorporated along the water treatment processes, and in the distribution network and management.
PSYCHOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESSES
Authors: Rahmat Wahyudi , Revita Ike , Fitriyah Rifkah
Published: August 2019

The problem in this analysis is to see how the forms and roles of psychpragmatics analysis in the learning and teaching process speak both oral and written. When oral and written speeches are triggered by psychological aspects, they are referred to as psychopragmatics. The purpose of this analysis is to see the extent to which psychopragmatic fundamentalists can play a role in the language learning and teaching process, both oral and written. The theory in this analysis uses the theory of Revita et al., (2019). The method used is the method suggested by Sudaryanto (1993). The results of this analysis indicate that the role of psychopathology for the process of learning and oral language teaching and writing has a major influence on the desired process and results. Psychopragmatics emphasizes the process of producing language produced when someone speaks both oral and written so that it will also affect the results or speech expected by speakers in the language.
ERRORS IN QQ ONLINE CHATTING: A STUDY ON CHINESE ESL LEARNERS IN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Rohayati Desi , Abidasari Erlyna
Published: August 2019

This study intends to investigate errors found in an online written platform used by Chinese students in English Language Education Department. The online platform observed in this study was QQ chatting, where students freely and without pressure utilize the application for everyday English communication. Most Chinese students have performed unorganized sentence patterns, resulting in meaning breakdown. This study employed qualitative case study design with five Chinese respondents. The researchers were actively involved in the QQ chatting as the participants; the discussion topics revolved around everyday communication topics, namely academic life, friendship, social interaction, and culture challenges. The data then were recorded weekly for one semester and analyzed through manuscript analysis from the recorded captures of the conversations. The findings suggest that there were various types of errors performed by Chinese students: omission, misformation, addition, misordering, and mixed-types. The most prominent one was omission with the total of twenty-eight times occurrence. The omission errors were divided into omission of nouns as in ‘today have sunshine’, omission of verbs as in ‘I don’t know here will so cold’, omission of auxiliary verbs as in ‘I eaten dinner’ and omission of verb inflections as in ‘Where are you go?’.The most commonly found omissions errors were due to the influence of Chinese first language where the speakers have totally different tenses and sentence organization with English.
AN EXPLAINING THEORY FOR DIURETIC-INDUCED-DIABETES INCIDENCES
Authors: YOUSEF FARAH , MANSOUR OUSSAMA , HERBALI JEHAD
Published: August 2019

Many patients with hypertension are also suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus (TIIDM). Different studies argued the fact that if these patients can use Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) group or not to treat hypertension as these diuretics are accused of with diuretic-induced diabetes especially Chlorthalidone and Bendroflumethiazide. As nothing is definite yet; in this paper, we are jotting down a new theory. In other words, we are seeking to study HCTZ interactions with sulfonylurea receptor Kir 6.2\SUR1 considering the chemical fact that HCTZ is also sulfonamide derivates like sulfonylurea drugs which are hypoglycemic agents used in the treatment of TIIDM. Therefore, we have studied in-silico 12 HCTZ compounds’ interactions with the binding site of sulfonylurea in its receptor Kir6.2\SUR1. Then, we compared the results to the interactions of Glibenclamide (GBM); a sulfonylurea agent, with the named receptor. As a result, three compounds of this family (Chlorthalidone 1-1, Bendroflumethiazide 4-1, Metolazone 6-1) had bound to Kir6.2\SUR1 receptor in the same binding site of GBM. The rest members were almost close to the GBM binding site. These findings may explain the adverse effect that chlorthalidone and Bendroflumethiazide are accused of with. We suggest that they are agonists for Kir6.1\SUR1 receptor, which results in decreasing insulin secretion from the pancreas which consequences with hyper-glycemia. On the other hand, our results confirm that developing new anti-hyperglycemia agents from HCTZ as a lead compound is also possible and promising.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LEAVES
Authors: GUPTA REENA , GUPTA JITENDRA
Published: August 2019

In India, folklore medicinal herbs have many traditional applications for the treatment of ailments of various bacterial and fungal infections. The authentication of such claim is essential which can be established by a scientific researcher. So, the aim of present research to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Euphorbia hirta leaves. The petroleum ether, methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Euphorbia hirta belonging to family Euphorbiaceae were isolated for the antimicrobial activity by employing agar well diffusion method across a few selected organisms like B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae. The phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether, methanolic and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of tannins, related polyphenols, terpenes, anthocyanins, alcohols, steroids like ß-sitosterol and ß-amyrin. The antimicrobial activities due to phytoconstituents were assured by the absence or presence of zones of inhibition and by calculating the MIC values. The results concluded that antimicrobial activity of all the extracts were revealed from moderate to significant in contrast to standard.
Investigation of Passive Voice Occurrence in Scientific Writing
Authors: Subagio Urip , Prayogo J. A. , Iragiliati Emalia
Published: August 2019

This study investigated passive voice use in theses of Graduate EFL students, Universitas Negeri Malang. The occurrences of passive voice in research method chapter in two time periods, 1985 - 2000 and 2002 – 2015 were compared. Passive voice occurrence in chapter of research method was also investigated then it was compared with the active. Passive voice occurrence in theses before 2002 investigated which was 1458, and 1171 in theses published after 2000 indicated the fact that today passive voice use in scientific writing indeed less frequent compared to the past. In addition, unlike the findings of some previous studies that claimed passive voice occurrence is still more dominant than the active in method section of scientific writing, this study found that, even in chapter of research method, active voice today occurs more frequently. It was 1883 occurrences of active voice and 1171 of passive voice were found.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Teles Vladimir Kuhl , Arraes Ronaldo
Published: August 2019

This paper explores the link between environmental policy andeconomic growth by employing an extension of the AK Growth Model. Weinclude a state equation for renewable natural resources. Weassume that the change in environmental regulations inducescosts and that economic agents also derive some utility fromcapital stock accumulation vis-a-vis the environment.Using the Hopf bifurcation theorem, we show that cyclicalenvironmental policy strategies are optimal, providingtheoretical support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve.
ESTADO DE CONFIANÇA E POLÍTICA ECONÔMICA ANTICÍCLICA EM UM MODELO MACROECONÔMICO KEYNESIANO
Authors: Silva Guilherme Ricardo Dos Santos Souza e , Curado Marcelo Luiz
Published: August 2019

O estado de confiança é um elemento chave para o entendimento do processo decisório dos agentes na teoria keynesiana. Apesar disso, essa variável raramente é encontrada em modelos macroeconômicos formais. A dificuldade em se representar matematicamente uma variável subjetiva e sua dependência das condições psicológicas dos agentes explicam essa ausência.No presente artigo, apresenta-se um modelo macroeconômico formal que incorpora esse elemento e discute a sua relação com a política fiscal executada pelo governo. Ao considerar o impacto do estado de confiança sobre os componentes da demanda agregada, o modelo revela a possibilidade de resultados contraproducentes de uma política fiscal expansionista, resultado que difere de boa parte dos modelos keynesianos tradicionais. O presente trabalho apresenta, portanto, uma crítica às abordagens keynesianas que propõem necessariamente a utilização de políticas expansionistas em períodos de desaceleração econômica.
EQUALIZAÇÃO FISCAL E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO: UMA ANÁLISE DO FUNDO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS UTILIZANDO UM PAINEL COM THRESHOLD
Authors: Neduziak Luiz Carlos Ribeiro , Correia Fernando Motta
Published: August 2019

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar como os estados brasileiros têm respondido, em termos de crescimento econômico per capita, aos gastos por categoria econômica, tendo em vista as transferências oriundas da União por meio do Fundo de Participação dos Estados e Distrito Federal (FPE). A literatura acerca do tema da equalização fiscal tem enfatizado os lados positivo e negativo da adoção de programas de equalização fiscal sobre o desempenho econômico dos entes subnacionais. Para se avaliar o impacto do regime de transferências sobre a trajetória de crescimento econômico per capita dos estados brasileiros, adota-se o modelo de Devarajan, Swarrop e Zou (1996) acrescido de um efeito threshold, tal como descrito porHansen (1999). A ideia é capturar distintos efeitos dos gastos públicos sobre a taxa de crescimento econômico per capita a depender do grau de dependência orçamentária, nos diferentes entes estaduais. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que os estados com maior grau de dependência em relação às transferências da União são aqueles que apresentam uma correlação negativa entre a razão investimento/gasto com pessoal (IGP) e a taxa de crescimento do PIB real.
DISPARIDADES INTRARREGIONAIS NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Carlos de Santana , Perobelli Fernando Salgueiro , Domingues Edson Paulo
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as disparidadesintrarregionais da região Nordeste do Brasil, a partir da diferenciação da sua estrutura produtiva. Para isso, aplica-se a análise de decomposição espacial inspirada em Feldman et al. (1987) e adaptada de acordo com as propostas deDietzenbacheret al. (2000) e Jackson e Dzikowski (2002). A base de dados utilizada éuma matriz de insumo-produto (GUILHOTO et al., 2010), ano base 2004, com 111 setores econômicos e 10 regiões (nove estados do Nordeste e restantedo Brasil). Os principais resultados apontam que a demanda final desempenha papel relevante na determinação da diferença do produto das atividadesligadas ao segmento de serviços, principalmente dos estados da Bahia, Ceará e Pernambuco. Por outro lado, a demanda final não éresponsável pelas diferenças no produto entre algumas atividades da agropecuária, de setores ligados à indústria de alimentos e da produção de fumo. Além disso, a demanda final não explica as diferenças na produção de praticamente todas as atividades dos estados de Alagoas, Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí, Sergipe e Rio Grande do Norte.
Corporate governance and firm performance in an emerging market: Evidence from Barbados
Authors: Alleyne Philmore , Thompson Renée M.
Published: August 2019

Good corporate governance practices are regarded as important in reducing risk for investors, attracting investment capital and improving the performance of companies. This paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance practices of the board of directors and firm performance of Colonial Life Insurance Company (CLICO), a large insurance company which collapsed in Barbados, and caused significant financial losses to policyholders. Using a case study approach, we used information from publicly available documents via print media and the internet to research the corporate governance practices and performance of CLICO. Findings reveal that the collapse of CLICO was a result of poor corporate governance mechanisms including lack of board independence, CEO and Chairman dual relationship, poor regulatory environment, non-functioning sub-committees, failure to manage risks, interlocking directorship, political involvement and lack of diversity. Recommendations include effective regulation, separation of the roles of CEO and Chairman, reduced political interference and more diversity.
Different responses to environmental factors in terpene composition of Pinus heldreichii and P. peuce: Ecological and chemotaxonomic considerations
Authors: Rajcevic Nemanja , Nikolic Biljana , Marin Petar
Published: August 2019

Many studies show the influence of the environment on terpene composition, but not many of them deal with the terpene composition variability in correlation with environmental factors in Pinus. We chose two endemic species ? P. heldreichii Christ. (Bosnian pine) and P. peuce Griseb. (Macedonian pine) ? two relict and (sub)endemic species of the Balkan peninsula. They mainly form pure stands but can appear in mixed populations, most commonly with each other. These species belong to different subgenera and thus differ greatly, especially in needle anatomy. ?-pinene, limonene and germacrene D predominated in Bosnian pine leaf oleoresins, while Macedonian pine oleoresin contained high amounts of ?-pinene. Furthermore, there were three chemotypes present in Bosnian, and only one in Macedonian pine. Oleoresins of Bosnian pine did not show correlation with climate, however, its composition changed in response to geological substrate type. Macedonian pine oleoresin showed a high correlation with the climate but changed only a little in response to geological substrate type. The oleoresin profiles showed strong species-dependent composition and variability. However, since each species expressed different responses to tested environmental conditions, it is important to take into consideration these variables when analyzing natural populations of the species.