bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN ORANGTUA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK DALAM KELUARGA MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN THROUGH THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN A FAMILY
Authors: Yanizon Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Perkembangan moral pada masa kanak-kanak masih dalam tingkat yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena perkembangan intelektual anak-anak belum mencapai titik di mana ia dapat mempelajari atau menerapkan prinsip-prinsip abstrak tentang benar dan salah. Orang tua merupakan tempat pertama terbentuknya moral anak. Kasih sayang yang diberikan orang tua terhadap anak, membangun sistem interaksi yang bermoral antara anak dengan orang lain. Hubungan dengan orang tua yang hangat, ramah, gembira dan menunjukkan sikap kasih sayang merupakan pupuk bagi perkembangan moral anak. Dengan demikian, maka penting sekali peranan orang tua di keluarga dalam perkembangan moral anak, karena orang tua merupakan pendidik pertama yang diterima anak ketika mereka terlahir kedunia. Adapun peran orang tua dalam pembentukan moral anak dilihat dari pegembangan pandangan moral, perasaan moral dan tingkah laku moral. Ketiga unsur tersebut terbentuk dari interaksi orang tua anak dalam keluarga yang berlangsung dari anak-anak hingga dewasa. Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnyalah orang tua berperan sebagai teladan yang baik di keluarga untuk menjadi contoh bagi anak-anaknya.Kata Kunci: Moral, Peran Orang Tua Moral development in childhood is still in a low level. It is because of the children’s intellectual development has not already reached the level where he is able to learn or apply the abstract principles about right and wrong things. Parental is the first point of children’s moral formation. Parents’ Affection toward children, build their moral interaction systems. A warm, friendly, happy relationship and affection between parents and children are children’s moral development fertilizer. Thus, parents’ roles toward children’s moral development are very essential, because parents are the first educators for children when they got born into the world. Parents’ roles toward children’s moral formation are viewed from children’s developing moral vision, a sense of morality and moral behavior. These three elements were formed from parents and children’s interaction in a family since childhood to adulthood. Therefore, it is a must for parents to figure well in the family to be as a good example for their children.Keywords: Moral, Parents’ Role
PERBEDAAN KEPUASAN HIDUP ANTARA LANSIA HINTERLAND DENGAN LANSIA MAINLAND
Authors: Ramdani Ramdani
Published: February 2020

Dalam menjalani suatu tahapan perkembangan, individu memiliki tugas-tugas perkembangan yang harus dipenuhi dan berbeda diantara satu tahap dengan tahapan lainnya. Individu yang berhasil dalam menyelesaiakan tugas perkembangan pada suatu tahapan perkembangan, maka akan mempengaruhi tahap perkembangan berikutnya. Manusia dapat dikatakan sukses dalam kehidupannya dikala telah mencapai kepuasan hidup, begitu pula pada usia lanjut. Individu yang telah lanjut usia dituntut untuk  dapat menyesuaikan diri terhadap berbagai perubahan-perubahan baik fisik maupun mental untuk dapat mencapai kepuasan hidup. Kepuasan hidup pada lansia dapat ditingkatkan dengan berbagai upaya salah satunya yaitu dengan  memberikan dukungan dukungan sosial dan lingkungan keluarga serta tempat tinggal. Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Hidup, Lansia
PERAN GURU DALAM MENGATASI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE
Authors: Adiningtiyas Sri Wahyuni
Published: February 2020

Fenomena kecanduan game online ini diperkirakan berdampak negatif pada siswa. Siswa yang kecanduan game online merasakan dampak dari game itu sendiri. Untuk mengantisipasi efek buruk yang akan terjadi pada gamer dan untuk meminimalkan kecanduan game online dibutuhkan bimbingan dari sekolah dan terutama dari orang tua siswa itu sendiri. Game online akan memiliki dampak negatif pada pengguna jika game ini dimainkan secara berlebihan. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif kecanduan game online diperlukan bimbingan dan konseling dari sekolah.Kata Kunci: Kecanduan Game Online, Peran Guru
PROGRAM BIMBINGAN PRIBADI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU DISIPLIN SISWA
Authors: Adiningtiyas Sri Wahyuni
Published: February 2020

Program  merupakan  bahan  pertimbangan  atau  rujukan  bagi  konselor dalam  mengatasi  problematika  siswa  khususnya  tentang disiplin.  Bimbingan  yang  dirasakan  tepat  untuk  membantu  siswa memiliki  disiplin  yang  baik  ialah  dengan  bimbingan  pribadi.  Bimbingan  pribadi  merupakan  usaha  bimbingan  dalam  menghadapi  dan memecahkan  masalah  pribadi,  seperti  penyesuaian  diri,  menghadapi  konflik  dan membuat keputusan. Seorang  konselor  untuk mengambil  peran  dalam  menangani  perilaku  indisipliner  siswa  yang  terjadi  di sekolah. Untuk keperluan  tersebut  perlu adanya  suatu  program  khusus  yang direncanakan  secara  sistematis,  terarah,  dan  terpadu  sebagai  upaya mengembangkan kedisiplinan siswa SMA.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF LANSIA DI PANTI JOMPO ANISSA UMMUL KHAIRAT
Authors: Ramdani Ramdani , Safitri Evi Isnaini
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini berangkat dari fenomena kesejahteraan subjektif lansia yang rentan mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup. Berdasarkan penelitian di lapangan  Lansia memiliki kesulitan dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan  dimasa tuanya. Dukungan sosial mampu memberikan bantuan yang secara langsung dapat mempengaruhi seseorang dalam melakukan tindakan serta perubahan prilaku seseorang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kesejahteraan subjektif Lansia. Menggunakan metode kuantitatif yaitu menggunakan pendekatan korelasi. Dalam penelitian ini teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 40 lansia. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala kesejahteran subjektif dan skala dukungan sosial. Analisa menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kesejahteraan subjektif lansia sebesar rxy = 0,760 dengan taraf signifikasi 0,000. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Ini berarti hipotesis yang dikemukakan yaitu “Terdapat Hubungan antara Dukungan Sosial dengan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Lasia di Panti Jompo Anissa Ummul Khairat”.
Fenomena Begal di Batuaji
Authors: BR HASIBUAN WILDA FASIM
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang penyebab seseorang melakukan tindakan pembegal. Begal merupakan suatu perbuatan merampas, merampok dengan cara paksa menggunakan kendaraan bermotor dan senjata tajam. Saat ini sudah terjadi pembegal didaerah batu aji tepatnya di kota Batam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mendapatkan data dengan subjek penelitian seorang remaja yang melakukan tindakan pembegalan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data, reduksi data, dan penyajian data. Dari data yang peneliti peroleh didapat bahwa penyebab perilaku begal adalah karena remaja yang mengalami putus sekolah, adanya pola asuh orang tua yang neglectful. Pola asuh neglectful merupakan gaya pola asuh dimana orang tua tidak terlibat dalam kehidupan anak-anaknya, Orang tua dengan pola asuh ini lebih menolak anak dan tidak punya waktu dan energi mengasuh kurang untuk membesarkan anak mereka sehingga subjek lebih memilih bersama kelompok teman sebaya ( peer group ) yang mempunyai konformitas untuk melakukan tindakan pembegalan.
REGRESI WANITA DEWASA AWAL PASCA PERCERAIAN
Authors: BR HASIBUAN WILDA FASIM
Published: February 2020

Hubungan yang sehat antar pasangan menjadi peran penting dalam suatu ikatan, terlebih ikatan pernikahan. Pernikahan mampu bertahan dan melahirkan keturunan yang baik jika suami istri mampu menjaga hubungan dan keharmonisan mereka. Pernikahan tidak akan bertahan lama jika keduanya tidak saling menerima kekurangan masing-masing. Ketidak penerimaan antar pasangan akan menyebabkan perceraian. Perceraian yang terjadi akan berdampak negative bagi pasangan yang belum siap menerima kenyataan. Regresi termasuk salah satu dampak negative yang dialami pasangan setelah bercerai, terlebih wanita. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Tujuan dari pendekatan naratif adalah untuk menyatukan beberapa pendapat dari beberapa informan untuk dijadikan suatu kebenaran dalam sebuah cerita.Berdasarkan analisis data ditemukan bahwa regresi wanita pasca perceraian tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Beberapa hal tersebut adalah adanya perceraian, sehingga subjek kurang menerima kenyataan yang harus dihadapi saat ini, selain itu juga,  karena subjek tidak dapat melanjutkan fase perkembangan yang telah dilalui setelah perceraian, sehingga subjek berlaku seperti masa sebelumnya, yang dalam istilah psikologi disebut regresi atau kemunduran.
Dukungan Sosial Keluarga Pada Anak Penderita Leukimia Berdasarkan Film "My Sister's Keeper"
Authors: Marpaung Junierissa , Sinaga Juwita Boneka
Published: February 2020

Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang mematikan yang dapat menyerang siapa saja dari berbagai kalangan usia dan jenis kelamin. Salah satu yang dapat menjadi penderita kanker terbesar adalah anak-anak. Kanker yang menyerang pada anak adalah kanker dengan berbagai jenis dan stadium. Pemberian dukungan membantu individu untuk melihat segi-segi positif yang ada dalam kepercayaan diri dan kemampuan serta merasa dihargai dan berguna saat individu mengalami tekanana atau masalah. Maka dari itu, penulis bertujuan ingin mengetahui gambaran mengenai dukungan sosial pada anak penderita leukemia.
Diversity and abundance of birds in Reiek Biodiversity Spot, Mizoram, northeastern India
Authors: Lalruatkimi C. , Sundaravel S.S. , Sailo Lalawmawia , Zodinpuii Betsy , Lalthanzara Hmar
Published: February 2020

Birds are one of the best-known classes of living organisms, they are important bioindicators of an ecosystem. This study was undertaken to determine the diversity and abundance of birds in Reiek Biodiversity Spot, Mizoram, northeastern India. Intensive study was conducted from January to March 2019 by line transect method. A total of 117 species of birds belonging to 37 families and 10 orders were recorded and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated (H'= 3.85). Family Muscicapidae dominated the area comprising of 16 species, followed by Timaliidae with 6 species. Among all the species recorded, Alcippe nipalensis has the highest relative abundance (13.35%), followed by Staphida castaniceps (Striated Yuhina) and Zosterops palpebrosus (Oriental White Eye) with 8.60% and 6.03% each. Family-wise relative abundance revealed that Pycnonotidae has the highest relative abundance (17.45%), followed by Sylviidae (15.91%) and Timaliidae (13.35%). The area supports a rich and diverse avian community, therefore, recommended better management of the entire landscape.
The Cardiovascular Effects of Central Hydrogen Sulfide Are Related to KATP Channels Activation
Authors: LIU W.-Q. , CHAI C. , LI X.-Y. , YUAN W.-J. , WANG W.-Z. , LU Y.
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous “gasotransmitter”, exists in the central nervous system. However, the central cardiovascular effects of endogenous H2S are not fully determined. The present study was designed to investigate the central cardiovascular effects and its possible mechanism in anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NaHS (0.17~17 μg) produced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P<0.05) compared to control. The higher dose of NaHS (17 μg, n=6) decreased BP and HR quickly of rats and 2 of them died of respiratory paralyse. Icv injection of the cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) activator s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, 26 μg) also produced a significant hypotension and bradycardia, which were similar to the results of icv injection of NaHS. Furthermore, the hypotension and bradycardia induced by icv NaHS were effectively attenuated by pretreatment with the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide but not with the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine. The present study suggests that icv injection of NaHS produces hypotension and bradycardia, which is dependent on the KATP channel activation.
Excavations at Hunterston North Substation, North Ayrshire
Authors: Gordon Douglas , Rees Thomas , Turner Louise
Published: February 2020

Archaeological investigations were carried out between September and October 2014 in association with the construction of a substation for the Kintyre Peninsula to Hunterston subsea electricity cable on the Firth of Clyde. Excavations revealed a probable Early Neolithic structure, a Late Neolithic pit with atypical Grooved Ware, Bronze Age settlement and an intriguing Irish-style Early Medieval cereal-drying kiln. These discoveries are within the immediate landscape context of the extensive excavations undertaken from 2013–14 at Hunterston for the Western Link Project.
The Politics of Interpretation: Understanding Biblical History in Palestinian Rural Culture
Authors: Marteijn Elizabeth S.
Published: February 2020

This article investigates the role of the biblical story in the Palestinian context of cultural and political change. It explores how Palestinian Christians have depicted modern-day Palestinian rural culture as being a continuation of biblical culture. The article explores two different ways of understanding the bible to which this continuation thinking applies: first, when the bible is being read through the eyes of the Palestinian rural community (or ‘the Bible through peasant eyes’, as New Testament scholar Kenneth E. Bailey put it) and secondly, through the eyes of the politically oppressed. To illustrate this, the small Palestinian Christian village of Taybeh in the West Bank serves as a case study. In the post-1967 context, it became important for the inhabitants to portray their village as going back historically to the Ophrah and Ephraim of the bible, thus reimagining their identity as being essentially biblical. This insertion of contemporary Palestinian history into biblical history, and vice versa, is for the inhabitants of Taybeh a way to give scriptural sanction against Zionist constructions and a way to express their theological and cultural belonging to the land. This article demonstrates how their view both relates to and stands in conflict with Western understandings of biblical history, featuring the work of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century travellers, missionaries and ethnographers from Europe.
Erratum: Lee, J. and et al. 2018. The Effects of Knowledge Sharing on Individual Creativity in Higher Education Institutions: Socio-Technical View. Administrative Sciences 8: 21
Authors: Lee Joosung , Bai Wenxing
Published: February 2020

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Investigating the Proper Application Rate of Nitrogen under Mulched Drip Irrigation to Improve the Yield and Quality of Tomato in Saline Soil
Authors: Zhang Jifeng , Wang Zhenhua , Fan Bihang , Hou Yusheng , Dou Yunqing , Ren Zuoli , Chen Xiaojie
Published: February 2020

Xinjiang is one of the most prolific tomato-planting areas in China. Here, we carried out a two-year (2017–2018) field experiment in Xinjiang to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on the spatial distribution of water and salt in the root zone, as well as their impacts on the yield and quality of tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation. The ideal ranges of N application rates for tomato yield and quality were examined under different salinity levels. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity increased with soil depth. Soil water content was closely related to soil salinity but not to N. Among the tested application rates, tomato yield was highest under the medium-high N (225–300 kg/ha) and low salt (4 g/kg) treatment. Under the highest salt level (10 g/kg), the low nitrogen treatment (150 kg/ha) was better than the high N treatment (300 kg/ha) at boosting tomato yield. Moreover, we found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than N. Based on these results, we were able to recommend ideal ranges for N (155–201 kg/ha) and salt (3.56–5.59 g/kg) while both are present in the soil.
Improved Management Efficacy of Late Leaf Spot on Peanut Through Combined Application of Prothioconazole with Fluxapyroxad and Pyraclostrobin
Authors: Anco Daniel J. , Hiers Justin B. , Thomas James S.
Published: February 2020

Late leaf spot, caused by Nothopassalora personata, is the most economically important fungal disease affecting peanut foliage in South Carolina and can result in combined management and yield loss costs of greater than 490 dollars/ha. Application of protectant fungicides is a critical part of effective integrated management under commercial production, and their strategic alternation and combination in management programs can provide enhanced control. Trials were conducted in Blackville, SC, from 2017 to 2019 to investigate whether combinations of prothioconazole with fluxapyroxad plus pyraclostrobin could provide more efficacious management of late leaf spot compared to either product alone. Two applications of 0.11 kg/ha prothioconazole with 0.05 kg/ha fluxapyroxad plus 0.1 kg/ha pyraclostrobin resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) less (24% to 42%) peanut canopy defoliation compared to the same number of applications of either product applied individually, with the combined application reflecting significant (p < 0.0202) synergism compared to component products as assessed through independent action methodology. An increased rate of fluxapyroxad plus pyraclostrobin application (0.1 and 0.2 kg/ha, respectively), with 0.16 kg/ha prothioconazole did not improve management relative to their combination at the examined lower rate (p = 0.89). Peanut yield was not adversely affected following combined applications. Cost-effectiveness of this combination depends on the actual disease intensity and yield potential of a given crop.
Study Regarding the Potential Use of a Spent Microbial Biomass in Fertilizer Manufacturing
Authors: Radu Nicoleta , Chirvase Ana Aurelia , Babeanu Narcisa , Popa Ovidiu , Cornea Petruta , Pirvu Lucia , Bostan Marinela , Ciric Alexandru , Mathe Endre , Radu Elena , Doni Mihaela , Constantin Mariana , Raut Iulia , Gurban Ana Maria , Begea Mihaela
Published: February 2020

A spent biomass, which results from the biopharma industry, is stabilized and functionalized by biosorption with microelements. The efficiency of this new biomaterial was tested in two experiments: 1) In a mixture with soil to determine its effects of the germination capacity of cereals and vegetables, and 2) in a formulation of mixed fertilizers to determine its influence on the development and production of the two types of vegetables. The results obtained during germination experiments performed in pots showed that at a biomass concentration less than 20%, the germination output was greater than 95% and the germination index was almost 1. The experiments performed in land on vegetables (including Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum) featured six types of fertilizers formulated with new biomaterials. The obtained results indicated that two types of fertilizers (N 10:0:0 and NP 5:5:0), which were formulated with functionalized biomass and featured the microelements Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, exhibited significant effects when compared with vegetables cultivated on unfertilized soil surfaces (the untreated variant). The studies regarding the effect of the new fertilizers obtained based on spent biomass from biopharma industry indicate the following: a) This material, even if it is stabilized and functionalized, cannot be used as such as a germination substrate for vegetables; in addition, it cannot be introduced into soil together with cereals seeds (during the autumn work), because the germination can be affected negatively; b) the functionalized biomass can be used in the formulation of different types of fertilizers; if these fertilizers are introduced into soil with the autumn plowing, then they may have a positive influence on the yield of some species of vegetable, such as Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum. The new fertilizers have a major environmental impact due to: 1) Removal of waste, which results from pharmaceutical biosyntheses, with significant impact on soil pollution, due to its storage in the form of waste dumps, on the soil; 2) recovery and reinsertion into the natural circuit of nutrients like C, N, P, K, Mg, and Ca contained in spent biomass, by their reuse in agriculture; and 3) high content of compounds with C from spent biomass can improve in time the content of fulvic and humic acids in soil, with a positive effect on soil characteristics from an agronomic point of view.
Marine Actinobacteria: Screening for Predation Leads to the Discovery of Potential New Drugs against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ibrahimi Manar , Korichi Wassila , Hafidi Mohamed , Lemee Laurent , Ouhdouch Yedir , Loqman Souad
Published: February 2020

Predatory bacteria constitute a heterogeneous group of prokaryotes able to lyse and feed on the cellular constituents of other bacteria in conditions of nutrient scarcity. In this study, we describe the isolation of Actinobacteria predator of other bacteria from the marine water of the Moroccan Atlantic coast. Only 4 Actinobacteria isolates showing strong predation capability against native or multidrug-resistant Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria were identified among 142 isolated potential predatory bacteria. These actinobacterial predators were shown to belong to the Streptomyces genus and to inhibit the growth of various native or multidrug-resistant micro-organisms, including Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus (native and methicillin-resistant), and Escherichia coli (native and ampicillin-resistant). Even if no clear correlation could be established between the antibacterial activities of the selected predator Actinobacteria and their predatory activity, we cannot exclude that some specific bio-active secondary metabolites were produced in this context and contributed to the killing and lysis of the bacteria. Indeed, the co-cultivation of Actinobacteria with other bacteria is known to lead to the production of compounds that are not produced in monoculture. Furthermore, the production of specific antibiotics is linked to the composition of the growth media that, in our co-culture conditions, exclusively consisted of the components of the prey living cells. Interestingly, our strategy led to the isolation of bacteria with interesting inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as against Gram-negative bacteria.
Collision-Free Path Planning Method for Robots Based on an Improved Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xinda , Luo Xiao , Han Baoling , Chen Yuhan , Liang Guanhao , Zheng Kailin
Published: February 2020

Sampling-based methods are popular in the motion planning of robots, especially in high-dimensional spaces. Among the many such methods, the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm has been widely used in multi-degree-of-freedom manipulators and has yielded good results. However, existing RRT planners have low exploration efficiency and slow convergence speed and have been unable to meet the requirements of the intelligence level in the Industry 4.0 mode. To solve these problems, a general autonomous path planning algorithm of Node Control (NC-RRT) is proposed in this paper based on the architecture of the RRT algorithm. Firstly, a method of gradually changing the sampling area is proposed to guide exploration, thereby effectively improving the search speed. In addition, the node control mechanism is introduced to constrain the extended nodes of the tree and thus reduce the extension of invalid nodes and extract boundary nodes (or near-boundary nodes). By changing the value of the node control factor, the random tree is prevented from falling into a so-called “local trap” phenomenon, and boundary nodes are selected as extended nodes. The proposed algorithm is simulated in different environments. Results reveal that the algorithm greatly reduces the invalid exploration in the configuration space and significantly improves planning efficiency. In addition, because this method can efficiently use boundary nodes, it has a stronger applicability to narrow environments compared with existing RRT algorithms and can effectively improve the success rate of exploration.
Effect of Short Fermentation Times with Lactobacillus paracasei in Rheological, Physical and Chemical Composition Parameters in Cassava Dough and Biscuits
Authors: Longoria Samuel , Contreras Juan , Belmares Ruth , Cruz Mario , Flores Mildred
Published: February 2020

Dough fermentation with lactic acid bacteria has been extensively studied due to the associated health benefits and its effects on physical and rheology parameters in dough and bread. However, most of the studies rely on long fermentation times. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of short fermentation times (0 to 8 h) with Lactobacillus paracasei in rheology, physical and chemical properties on cassava dough and biscuits. Both storage modulus and loss modulus decreased as the fermentation times increased, down to 54,206.67 ± 13,348 and 17,453.89 ± 3691 Pa, respectively. Fermentation with L. paracasei influenced biscuit’s hardness and chemical properties, and gas cell sizes were increased notably. These results suggest that short fermentation times could be used to improve dough’s rheological characteristics.
Integration of Cost and Work Breakdown Structures in the Management of Construction Projects
Authors: Cerezo-Narváez Alberto , Pastor-Fernández Andrés , Otero-Mateo Manuel , Ballesteros-Pérez Pablo
Published: February 2020

Scope management allows project managers to react when a project underperforms regarding schedule, budget, and/or quality at the execution stage. Scope management can also minimize project changes and budget omissions, as well as improve the accuracy of project cost estimates and risk responses. For scope management to be effective, though, it needs to rely on a robust work breakdown structure (WBS). A robust WBS hierarchically and faithfully reflects all project tasks and work packages so that projects are easier to manage. If done properly, the WBS also allows meeting the project objectives while delivering the project on time, on budget, and with the required quality. This paper analyzes whether the integration of a cost breakdown structure (CBS) can lead to the generation of more robust WBSs in construction projects. Over the last years, some international organizations have standardized and harmonized different cost classification systems (e.g., ISO 12006-2, ISO 81346-12, OmniClass, CoClass, UniClass). These cost databases have also been introduced into building information modeling (BIM) frameworks. We hypothesize that in BIM environments, if these CBSs are used to generate the project WBS, several advantages are gained such as sharper project definition. This enhanced project definition reduces project contradictions at both planning and execution stages, anticipates potential schedule and budget deviations, improves resource allocation, and overall it allows a better response to potential project risks. The hypothesis that the use of CBSs can generate more robust WBSs is tested by the response analysis of a questionnaire survey distributed among construction practitioners and project managers. By means of structural equation modeling (SEM), the correlation (agreement) and perception differences between two 250-respondent subsamples (technical project staff vs. project management staff) are also discussed. Results of this research support the use of CBSs by construction professionals as a basis to generate WBSs for enhanced project management (PM).
Optimization Dubins Path of Multiple UAVs for Post-Earthquake Rapid-Assessment
Authors: Zhu Moning , Zhang Xuehua , Luo He , Wang Guoqiang , Zhang Binbin
Published: February 2020

In the last decade, with the wide application of UAVs in post-earthquake relief operations, the images and videos of affected areas obtained by UAVs immediately after a seismic event have become an important source of information for post-earthquake rapid assessment, which is crucial for initiating effective emergency response operations. In this study, we first consider the kinematic constraints of UAV and the Dubins curve is introduced to fit the shortest flyable path for each UAV that meets the maximum curvature constraint. Second, based on the actual requirements of post-earthquake rapid assessment, heterogeneous UAVs, multi-depot launching, and targets allowed access to multiple times, the paper proposes a multi-UAV rapid-assessment routing problem (MURARP). The MURARP is modeled as the multi-depot revisit-allowed Dubins TOP with variable profit (MD-RDTOP-VP) which is a variant of the team orienteering problem (TOP). Third, a hybrid genetic simulated annealing (HGSA) algorithm is developed to solve the problem. The result of numerical experiments shows that the HGSA algorithm can quickly plan flyable paths for heterogeneous UAVs to maximize the expected profit. Finally, a case study based on real data of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in China shows how the method can be applied in a post-earthquake scenario.
Impact of Road Traffic Tendency in Europe on Fatigue Assessment of Bridges
Authors: Croce Pietro
Published: February 2020

Fatigue load models for road bridges given in the Eurocode EN1991-2 have been calibrated considering real traffic measurements that became available around 1990. Since then, traffic composition has evolved considerably, also considering the issuing of the 96/53/EC Directive, which legitimated member states, on an equal and not discriminatory basis, to allow the circulation of Long and Heavy Vehicles (LHVs). Thus, the appropriateness of fatigue load models to cover also the effects of these vehicles, which are longer, heavier and potentially more damaging than common Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs), became an issue. The aim of the study is to assess how the evolution of European traffic influences the fatigue assessment of bridges. To capture the essence of the problem, three different real traffic measurements are compared in terms of fatigue damage: the Auxerre (FR) traffic, adopted to define fatigue load models in EN1991-2; the Moerdijk (NL) traffic, characterized by a high percentage of LHVs; and the Igualada (ES) traffic. To assess the current relevance of fatigue load models LM2 and LM4 of EN1991-2, the aptitude of these models to adequately reproduce the effects caused by LHVs is discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the Auxerre traffic is still the most onerous; that the Moerdijk traffic is generally more severe than the Igualada traffic, and that the fatigue load models of Eurocode do not require major updates. The study is further supplemented by investigating the suitability of the formulae provided in the Eurocodes for the damage equivalence factors λ2 and λ3 to express the influence of the total lorry volume on the fatigue damage. In that latter case, the conclusion is that the formulae proposed in the Eurocodes, based on the assumption of a linear fatigue strength S–N curve with constant conventional slope m, could lead to erroneous, even unsafe, estimates of the fatigue life, especially when details are characterized by constant amplitude fatigue limit ΔσD, thus calling for further improvements of the formulae themselves.
Cratering for Impact of Hypervelocity Projectiles into Granite Targets within a Velocity Range of 1.91–3.99 km/s: Experiments and Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Jingbo , Wu Biao , Kong Defeng , Huang Jiarong , Xu Xiangyun , Bao Xin
Published: February 2020

To understand and analyze crater damage of rocks under hypervelocity impact, the hypervelocity impact cratering of 15 shots of hemispherical-nosed cylindrical projectiles into granite targets was studied within the impact velocity range of 1.91–3.99 km/s. The mass of each projectile was 40 g, and the length–diameter ratio was 2. Three types of metal material were adopted for the projectiles, including titanium alloy with a density of 4.44 g/cm3, steel alloy with a density of 7.81 g/cm3, and tungsten alloy with a density of 17.78 g/cm3. The projectile–target density ratio (ρp/ρt) ranged from 1.71 to 6.86. The depth–diameter ratios (H/D) of the craters yielded from the experiments were between 0.14 and 0.24. The effects of ρp/ρt and the impact velocity on the morphologies of the crater were evaluated. According to the experimental results, H/D of craters is negatively correlated with the impact velocity, whereas the correlation between H/D and ρp/ρt is weak positive. The crater parameters were expressed as power law relations of impact parameters by using scaling law analysis. The multiple regression analysis was utilized to obtain the coefficients and the exponents of the relation equations. The predicted values of the regression equations were close to the experimental results.
Sehaa: A Big Data Analytics Tool for Healthcare Symptoms and Diseases Detection Using Twitter, Apache Spark, and Machine Learning
Authors: Alotaibi Shoayee , Mehmood Rashid , Katib Iyad , Rana Omer , Albeshri Aiiad
Published: February 2020

Smartness, which underpins smart cities and societies, is defined by our ability to engage with our environments, analyze them, and make decisions, all in a timely manner. Healthcare is the prime candidate needing the transformative capability of this smartness. Social media could enable a ubiquitous and continuous engagement between healthcare stakeholders, leading to better public health. Current works are limited in their scope, functionality, and scalability. This paper proposes Sehaa, a big data analytics tool for healthcare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using Twitter data in Arabic. Sehaa uses Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and multiple feature extraction methods to detect various diseases in the KSA. Sehaa found that the top five diseases in Saudi Arabia in terms of the actual afflicted cases are dermal diseases, heart diseases, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes. Riyadh and Jeddah need to do more in creating awareness about the top diseases. Taif is the healthiest city in the KSA in terms of the detected diseases and awareness activities. Sehaa is developed over Apache Spark allowing true scalability. The dataset used comprises 18.9 million tweets collected from November 2018 to September 2019. The results are evaluated using well-known numerical criteria (Accuracy and F1-Score) and are validated against externally available statistics.
Strong Effect of Process Parameters on the Properties of Boron-Containing Phenolic Resins with High Char Yield
Authors: Sun Yu , Sun Yuguo
Published: February 2020

This work is focused on the optimization of critical process parameters for preparation of boron-containing phenolic resin (B-containing PR), including the molar ratios of formaldehyde/phenol and potassium borate/phenol, reaction time; and measurement of surface tension of B-containing PR solution and wettability between B-containing PR solution and carbon fibers. The effects of the formaldehyde/phenol and potassium borate/phenol molar ratios on the char yield of the B-containing PR was studied. The highest char yield of B-containing PR could be as high as 71% under optimal conditions (molar ratios of formaldehyde/phenol = 1.8 and potassium borate/phenol = 0.2, and reaction time = 13 h). The effect of concentration and tested temperature on the surface tension of B-containing PR solution was investigated, and the wettability between B-containing PR solution and carbon fibers was evaluated for the first time, providing useful theory and experimental data for the preparation of B-containing PR-based composites.
Research on a Noise Reduction Method Based on Multi-Resolution Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Gang , Xu Benben , Zhang Kaoshe , Hou Jinwang , Xie Tuo , Li Xin , Liu Fuchao
Published: February 2020

Reducing noise pollution in signals is of great significance in the field of signal detection. In order to reduce the noise in the signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this paper takes the singular value decomposition theory as the starting point, and constructs various singular value decomposition denoising models with multiple multi-division structures based on the two-division recursion singular value decomposition, and conducts a noise reduction analysis on two experimental signals containing noise of different power. Finally, the SNR and mean square error (MSE) are used as indicators to evaluate the noise reduction effect, it is verified that the two-division recursion singular value decomposition is the optimal noise reduction model. This noise reduction model is then applied to the diagnosis of faulty bearings. By this method, the fault signal is decomposed to reduce noise and the detail signal with maximum kurtosis is extracted for envelope spectrum analysis. Comparison of several traditional signal processing methods such as empirical modal decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), variational mode decomposition (VMD), wavelet decomposition, etc. The results show that multi-resolution singular value decomposition (MRSVD) has better noise reduction effect and can effectively diagnose faulty bearings. This method is promising and has a good application prospect.
Frequency Characteristics of Multiscale Hybrid Nanocomposite Annular Plate Based on a Halpin–Tsai Homogenization Model with the Aid of GDQM
Authors: Safarpour Mehran , Rahimi Alireza , Noormohammadi Arani Omid , Rabczuk Timon
Published: February 2020

In this article, we study the vibration performance of multiscale hybrid nanocomposite (MHC) annular plates (MHCAP) resting on Winkler–Pasternak substrates exposed to nonlinear temperature gradients. The matrix material is reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon fibers (CF) at the nano- or macroscale, respectively. The annular plate is modeled based on higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). We present a modified Halpin–Tsai model to predict the effective properties of the MHCAP. Hamilton’s principle was employed to establish the governing equations of motion, which is finally solved by the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). In order to validate the approach, numerical results were compared with available results from the literature. Subsequently, a comprehensive parameter study was carried out to quantify the influence of different parameters such as stiffness of the substrate, patterns of temperature increase, outer temperature, volume fraction and orientation angle of the CFs, weight fraction and distribution patterns of CNTs, outer radius to inner radius ratio, and inner radius to thickness ratio on the response of the plate. The results show that applying a sinusoidal temperature rise and locating more CNTs in the vicinity of the bottom surface yielded the highest natural frequency.
Evaluation of the Performance of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors at a High Mountain Station with Complex Meteorological Conditions
Authors: Li Hongyong , Zhu Yujiao , Zhao Yong , Chen Tianshu , Jiang Ying , Shan Ye , Liu Yuhong , Mu Jiangshan , Yin Xiangkun , Wu Di , Zhang Cheng , Si Shuchun , Wang Xinfeng , Wang Wenxing , Xue Likun
Published: February 2020

Low-cost sensors have become an increasingly important supplement to air quality monitoring networks at the ground level, yet their performances have not been evaluated at high-elevation areas, where the weather conditions are complex and characterized by low air pressure, low temperatures, and high wind speed. To address this research gap, a seven-month-long inter-comparison campaign was carried out at Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) from 20 April to 30 November 2018, covering a wide range of air temperatures, relative humidities (RHs), and wind speeds. The performance of three commonly used sensors for carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5) was evaluated against the reference instruments. Strong positive linear relationships between sensors and the reference data were found for CO (r = 0.83) and O3 (r = 0.79), while the PM2.5 sensor tended to overestimate PM2.5 under high RH conditions. When the data at RH >95% were removed, a strong non-linear relationship could be well fitted for PM2.5 between the sensor and reference data (r = 0.91). The impacts of temperature, RH, wind speed, and pressure on the sensor measurements were comprehensively assessed. Temperature showed a positive effect on the CO and O3 sensors, RH showed a positive effect on the PM sensor, and the influence of wind speed and air pressure on all three sensors was relatively minor. Two methods, namely a multiple linear regression model and a random forest model, were adopted to minimize the influence of meteorological factors on the sensor data. The multi-linear regression (MLR) model showed a better performance than the random forest (RF) model in correcting the sensors’ data, especially for O3 and PM2.5. Our results demonstrate the capability and potential of the low-cost sensors for the measurement of trace gases and aerosols at high mountain sites with complex weather conditions.
Combining DNA Damage Induction with BCL-2 Inhibition to Enhance Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cytotoxicity
Authors: Liu Wei , Krump Nathan A. , Herlyn Meenhard , You Jianxin
Published: February 2020

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly lethal skin cancer. MCC tumors rapidly develop resistance to the chemotherapies tested to date. While PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated success in MCC treatment, a significant portion of MCC patients are nonresponsive. Therefore, the pressing need for effective MCC chemotherapies remains. We screened a library of natural products and discovered that one compound, glaucarubin, potently reduced the viability of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive MCCs, while remaining nontoxic to primary human fibroblasts and MCPyV-negative MCC cell lines tested. Protein array and Western blot analyses revealed that glaucarubin induces DNA damage and PARP-1 cleavage that correlates with the loss of viability in MCC cells. However, high basal expression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL-2 allowed a subpopulation of cells to survive glaucarubin treatment. Previous studies have shown that, while targeting BCL-2 family proteins significantly decreases MCC cell viability, BCL-2 antisense therapy alone was insufficient to inhibit tumor growth in patients with advanced MCC. We discovered that treatment with an FDA-approved BCL-2 inhibitor in the context of glaucarubin-induced DNA damage led to near complete killing in multiple MCPyV-positive MCC cell lines that express high levels of BCL-2. The combination of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and BCL-2 inhibition thus represents a novel therapeutic strategy for MCPyV-positive MCCs.
Attack Graph Modeling for Implantable Pacemaker
Authors: Ibrahim Mariam , Alsheikh Ahmad , Matar Aseel
Published: February 2020

Remote health monitoring systems are used to audit implantable medical devices or patients’ health in a non-clinical setting. These systems are prone to cyberattacks exploiting their critical vulnerabilities. Thus, threatening patients’ health and confidentiality. In this paper, a pacemaker automatic remote monitoring system (PARMS) is modeled using architecture analysis and design language (AADL), formally characterized, and checked using the JKind model checker tool. The generated attack graph is visualized using the Graphviz tool, and classifies security breaches through the violation of the security features of significance. The developed attack graph showed the essentiality of setting up appropriate security measures in PARMS.
Identifying the Configuration Differences of Primary Schools with Different Administrative Affiliations in China
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Hu Xin , Li Zhuoran , Liu Chunlu
Published: February 2020

Equalization of education facilities, which means the balanced distribution of human and material resources under limited resource conditions, is one of the goals of sustainable development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, there are apparent discrepancies between urban and rural areas because of different land and household registration systems. Primary schools with three types of different administrative affiliations also have significant distinctions. This study is aimed at assessing and comparing the configuration of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations, including cities, towns, and villages. After building an indicator system, the entropy weight method is applied to calculate the overall and category configuration scores of each school. Based on a spatial database, the ArcGIS thematic maps display the geography characteristic of each school in different geolocations. Moreover, the Kruskal–Wallis test identifies if the configuration of primary schools with different administrative affiliations is equal. The results indicate that the allocation of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations showed a ternary development. Moreover, although primary schools with city affiliation had significant advantages in education quality and convenience, their supply–demand conditions were not optimistic. In addition, the quality of the primary schools subordinate to towns was better, but convenience was generally lower. Finally, the quality of primary schools subordinate to villages and some towns was still poor. The results provide facts and a basis for policymakers to achieve an equity configuration in the sustainable development context.
A Utilitarian Decision—Making Approach for Front End Design—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Serugga Joas , Kagioglou Mike , Tzortzopoulos Patricia
Published: February 2020

The complexity of construction processes often means interaction between various stakeholders, activities and tasks in order to deliver the expected outcomes. The intensity and dynamics of front-end design (FED) mean decision techniques and methods are important in supporting projects benefits delivery more importantly those based on utility of decision making. This paper explores a new utilitarian decision-making approach based on a systematic literature review of FED decision making. It presents the state of the art in design decision making concepts and analysis of tools over the last 10 years (2009–2019). From a total of 111 peer-reviewed journal papers, fifteen decision-making techniques are identified as dominant in design decision making, broadly grouped in four major categories as explanatory/rational, Multi Criteria Decision Making techniques (MCDM), Hybrid and Visual methods. The review finds that the most applied of the MCDM is Quality Function Deployment (QFD); while among the rational/explanatory techniques is set-based design (SBD). While there is limited application of Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) in decision making, the paper finds that the robust consistency and structured approach better captures the intricate dynamics of FED; including modelling of the subjectivity, interdependences and uncertainty in design discourse.
Editorial: Special Issue Catalysis by Precious Metals, Past and Future
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Martínez Tejada Marcela
Published: February 2020

Precious metal catalysis is often synonymous with diversity and versatility [...]