bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheological Behaviour of LLDPE/LDPE Blends under Elongational Deformation
Authors: Micic P. , Bhattacharya S. N. , Field G.
Published: December 2013

Blends made of one linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and either of two low density polyethylenes (LDPE 1 and LDPE 2) were tested in elongational modes of deformation using elongational viscosity and melt strength test. In addition to rheological measurements the melt miscibility of the blends was ascertained by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test on melt quenched samples. From the results, the relation between melt morphology of the blends and their performance under elongation, as well as the influence of molecular structure in particular long chain branching, on elongational response were determined. It was observed that high resistance to elongational deformation of the blends is linked to the immiscibility of the blend components in the melt. On the other hand the influence of long chain branching is to increase elongational viscosity for the parent polymers, as well as promoting the blend immiscibility and therefore altering elongational performance of the blends.
Numerical Modelling of the Mould Filling Stage in Gas-Assisted Injection Moulding
Authors: Gao D. M. , Nguyen K. T. , Garcia-Rejon A. , Salloum G.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an effective numerical model capable of simulating the filling stage of the gas-assisted injection molding process, particularly the gas penetration phenomenon involving the gas-polymer interaction. A Galerkin Finite Element model is used to model the polymer flow during the filling and gas penetration stages. The polymer flow front and the gas-polymer interface are tracked using a volume tracking technique. Finally, a finite difference technique has been used to calculate the temperature across the thickness. Comparison between numerical simulation predictions and the experimental data for a plate mould as well as for a complex part is presented.
A Composite Model for Solid Conveying, Melting, Pressure and Fill Factor Profiles in Modular Co -Rotating Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Bawiskar S. , White J. L.
Published: December 2013

A composite model simulation of solids conveying, melting and melt flow in a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder has been developed. This is based on combining existing melt conveying models with new melting and solids conveying models for the various elements of a modular twin screw extruder. Computations are made for axial fill factor, pressure, temperature, melting profiles and also the power consumption, torque, specific energy consumption and average residence times. The results are compared with experiment.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Rectangular Fiber Melt Spinning
Authors: Noh Y.-W. , Kim S. Y. , Kwon Y.
Published: December 2013

In order to study the process of rectangular fiber melt spinning, experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted. Several different values of such process variables as die dimension, flow rate, take-up speed, quench air speed and temperature, and die temperature are chosen for manufacturing poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. Both 1- and 2-dimensional formulations are employed under the Newtonian fluid assumption. Two separate mathematical schemes are then combined via the Picard iteration to provide a convenient tool estimating the process with all variables taken into account and with as little computational effort as possible. From this experiment, it is found that the extrudate exhibits negative swelling in the fiber width direction, which results from the negative second normal stress direction in shear flow inside the die. Fiber cross-section takes elliptical shape at the point of maximum thickness swell and then gets flat as it approaches the take-up point. As to numerical simulation, all the quantities such as fiber dimension, velocity, temperature and tension except variables related to cross-sectional area are relatively well described by this simple theory. Neglect of material elasticity and over-simplification of temperature variation along fiber cross-section are main causes for the deviation of calculated values from experimental data.
Transesterification of Ethylene Acetate Copolymer in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Berzin F. , Vergnes B.
Published: December 2013

The chemical modification of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) with a primary aliphatic n-alcohol in a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder was investigated. The purpose was to build a theoretical model, able to predict the extent of conversion along the screw axis. First, the influence of operating conditions (throughput, screw speed, barrel temperature and initial reactant concentrations) on the EVA copolymer conversion was experimentally examined. Then, the extent of conversion was computed by coupling flow simulation and reaction kinetics. Theoretical and experimental results were found in good agreement, what allows the prediction of the reaction extent as a function of the processing conditions.
Flow Behaviour of Blends of Poly(ethylene-Co-Acrylic Acid) and Epoxidised Natural Rubber
Authors: Mohanty S. , Bhattacharya A. K. , Nando G. B. , Gupta B. R.
Published: December 2013

Processability and rheological properties of the blends of poly(ethylene-Co-acrylic acid) (PEA) and epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) have been studied by a Monsanto Processibility Tester (MPT). The blends were found to be miscible during reactive processing due to chemical interaction via esterification reaction at higher proportion of PEA. The rheological properties were studied at three different temperatures (120°C, 130°C and 150°C), five different shear rates in the range from 122s−1 to 2452s−1 and at three different shear stresses (i.e., 400, 500 and 600 kPa). The melt viscosities of the blends at 120°C and 130°C show a positive deviation at lower shear rates and shear stress and at higher proportions of PEA and a negative deviation at higher shear rates and shear stress and lower proportion of PEA, where as at higher temperature (i.e. at 150°C) of melt processing the viscosities show positive deviation (at all shear rates for all the blends) with respect to that calculated by additivity rule. This variation in melt viscosities has been explained on the basis of chemical reaction via esterification leading to grafted structure i.e., PEA-g-ENR.
Processing/Structure Relationships of Mica-Filled PE-Films with Low Oxygen Permeability
Authors: Xanthos M. , Faridi N. , Li Y.
Published: December 2013

Lamellar microstructures can decrease gas and vapor permeability by increasing the diffusive path or the so-called “tortuosity” in plastic films. In this research, phlogopite mica flakes were used as oxygen barrier materials in films produced in a blown film extrusion line. Both high and low density polyethylenes as well as their blends were used as matrices with mica concentrations not exceeding 10-wt.-%. A decrease in oxygen permeability of both low density and high density polyethylene films was achieved with increasing volume fraction of mica. Film morphologies indicated strong flow-induced orientation of the flakes in overlapping, discontinuous layers that were reasonably well oriented parallel to the surface of the films. Melt shear viscosity and melt strength of the mica compounds and tensile properties of films were also examined and correlated with processability. Overall, it was found that, by contrast to the LDPE compounds, optimization of the barrier properties of the HDPE films was a compromise between the desired reduction in permeability and the loss in processability and film ductility. The experimentally determined elastic modulus values were found to be in relatively good agreement with predictions from flake reinforcement theories. A predictive model for the analysis of the permeability results, assuming that both mica flakes and the crystalline domains of the films were impermeable to oxygen, was able to describe the permeability results in spite of several simplifying assumptions.
Free Radical Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate onto PP in a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Hu G.-H. , Cartier H.
Published: December 2013

A typical free radical grafting system is composed of a polymer substrate, a vinyl bearing monomer and a free radical initiator (usually a peroxide). When the reaction is to be carried out in a co-rotating twin screw extruder, there are two main ways to feed the chemicals to the extruder: either they are fed together to the main hopper (one-pot feeding) or only the polymer is fed to the main hopper and the grafting monomer and the peroxide are injected downstream either just before or after the first kneading zone (sequential feeding).

In this study, we investigate the influence of feeding mode on the free radical grafting. We use the free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) as a model system. It is found that GMA's grafting yields are very close between the one-pot feeding and the sequential feeding just before the first kneading zone. However, those obtained with the sequential feeding just after the first kneading zone are much lower. This dramatic difference is closely related to the mixing environments GMA and the peroxide are subjected to. When GMA and the peroxide are injected before the kneading zone where the screw channel is fully filled, GMA and the peroxide are forced to mix with PP. When they are fed to the extruder just after the kneading zone, however, they simply drip on the highly viscous PP. As such, before the grafting takes place between PP and GMA, the peroxide may have started to decompose and GMA may have started to polymerize. It is recommended that low molecular weight ingredients be fed to the extruder through a fully filled zone.
Predicting Drop Breakup in Complex Flows from Model Flow Experiments
Authors: Bigio D. I. , Marks C. R. , Calabrese R. V.
Published: December 2013

New experimental results describing the breakup of drops suddenly subjected to shearing forces sufficient to cause drop breakup are presented. The experiments examine fluids which are immiscible and Newtonian under the conditions studied. These results and other breakup mechanism results are then discussed in the context of combining them with kinematic information on more complex flows in order to predict drop size distributions in processing flows. By analyzing the time scales of various breakage mechanisms studied in simple shear flow and comparing them to the appropriate time scales in more complex flows, the relevant importance of a given mechanism in determining the daughter drop size distribution is predicted. This type of time scale analysis is performed for flow in a cavity and flow in an extruder.
Dorsal spinal arachnoid web diagnosed with the quantitative measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Chang Han Soo , Nagai Atsushi , Oya Soichi , Matsui Toru
Published: December 2013

An arachnoid web is an abnormal formation of the arachnoid membrane in the spinal subarachnoid space that blocks CSF flow and causes syringomyelia. Although the precise mechanism of syrinx formation is unknown, dissection of the arachnoid web shrinks the syrinx and improves symptoms. Precisely determining the location of the arachnoid web is difficult preoperatively, however, because the fine structure generally cannot be visualized in usual MRI sequences.

In this report the authors describe 2 cases of arachnoid web in which the web was preoperatively identified using quantitative CSF flow analysis of MRI. By analyzing cardiac-gated phase-contrast cine-mode MRI in multiple axial planes, the authors precisely localized the obstruction of CSF flow on the dorsal side of the spinal cord in both patients. This technique also revealed a 1-way valve-like function of the arachnoid webs. Imaging led to the early diagnosis of myelopathy related to the derangement of CSF flow and allowed the authors to successfully excise the webs through limited surgical exposure.
How Do Gangliosides Regulate RTKs Signaling?
Authors: Julien Sylvain , Bobowski Marie , Steenackers Agata , Le Bourhis Xuefen , Delannoy Philippe
Published: December 2013

Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are located on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in glycolipid-enriched microdomains, where they interact with molecules of signal transduction pathways including receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The role of gangliosides in the regulation of signal transduction has been reported in many cases and in a large number of cell types. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of gangliosides and the mechanism by which they regulate RTKs signaling.
Multicomponent Click Synthesis of New 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives of Pyrimidine Nucleobases: Promising Acidic Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel
Authors: González-Olvera Rodrigo , Espinoza-Vázquez Araceli , Negrón-Silva Guillermo , Palomar-Pardavé Manuel , Romero-Romo Mario , Santillan Rosa
Published: December 2013

A series of new mono-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of pyrimidine nucleobases were synthesized by one-pot copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between N-1-propargyluracil and thymine, sodium azide and several benzyl halides. The desired heterocyclic compounds were obtained in good yields and characterized by NMR, IR, and high resolution mass spectrometry. These compounds were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for steel in 1 M HCl solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results indicate that these heterocyclic compounds are promising acidic corrosion inhibitors for steel.
Implications of Partial Conjugation of Whey Protein Isolate to Durian Seed Gum through Maillard Reactions: Foaming Properties, Water Holding Capacity and Interfacial Activity
Authors: Amid Bahareh , Mirhosseini Hamed , Poorazarang Hashem , Mortazavi Seyed
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the conjugation of durian seed gum (DSG) with whey protein isolate (WPI) through Maillard reactions. Subsequently, the functional properties of durian seed gum in the non-conjugated (control sample) and conjugated forms were compared with several commercial gums (i.e., Arabic gum, sodium alginate, kappa carrageenan, guar gum, and pectin). The current study revealed that the conjugation of durian seed gum with whey protein isolate significantly (p < 0.05) improved its foaming properties. In this study, the conjugated durian seed gum produced the most stable foam among all samples. On the other hand, the emulsion stabilized with the conjugated durian seed gum also showed more uniform particles with a larger specific surface area than the emulsion containing the non-conjugated durian seed gum. The conjugated durian seed gum showed significant different foaming properties, specific surface area, particle uniformity and water holding capacity (WHC) as compared to the target polysaccharide gums. The conjugated durian seed gum showed more similar functional properties to Arabic gum rather than other studied gums.
Conventional, Organic and Polycultural Farming Practices: Material Intensity of Italian Crops and Foodstuffs
Authors: Mancini Lucia
Published: December 2013

Food system sustainability is a major issue of concern for policy makers. Feeding an increasing world population without compromising the endowment of natural resources or worsening the environmental crisis is, indeed, a major challenge. The need to boost sustainable and productive farming systems and enhance resource efficiency has been acknowledged by European Union policy in its 2020 Strategy. This study assesses the impact of some Italian foodstuffs and agricultural products in terms of material requirement, using the Material Input Per Service unit (MIPS) indicator. The conventional, organic and post-organic agricultural practice called Ma-Pi polyculture is investigated. Results show that, in spite of higher yields obtained by conventional agriculture, material efficiency of organic crops and foodstuffs is generally higher. Moreover, a drastic enhancement of material efficiency is achievable using agronomic practices that minimize the employment of external inputs. As a tool for evaluating the environmental sustainability of agricultural products, MIPS allows focusing on a priority policy area, i.e., resource efficiency, which could be easily employed for driving agricultural systems towards a sustainable intensification. Data quality and availability of Material Input (MI) factors remains, however, a constraining issue for the applicability of the indicator.
Future Retrievals of Water Column Bio-Optical Properties using the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI)
Authors: Devred Emmanuel , Turpie Kevin , Moses Wesley , Klemas Victor , Moisan Tiffany , Babin Marcel , Toro-Farmer Gerardo , Forget Marie-Hélène , Jo Young-Heon
Published: December 2013

Interpretation of remote sensing reflectance from coastal waters at different wavelengths of light yields valuable information about water column constituents, which in turn, gives information on a variety of processes occurring in coastal waters, such as primary production, biogeochemical cycles, sediment transport, coastal erosion, and harmful algal blooms. The Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) is well suited to produce global, seasonal maps and specialized observations of coastal ecosystems and to improve our understanding of how phytoplankton communities are spatially distributed and structured, and how they function in coastal and inland waters. This paper draws from previously published studies on high-resolution, hyperspectral remote sensing of coastal and inland waters and provides an overview of how the HyspIRI mission could enable the retrieval of new aquatic biophysical products or improve the retrieval accuracy of existing satellite-derived products (e.g., inherent optical properties, phytoplankton functional types, pigment composition, chlorophyll-a concentration, etc.). The intent of this paper is to introduce the development of the HyspIRI mission to the coastal and inland remote sensing community and to provide information regarding several potential data products that were not originally part of the HyspIRI mission objectives but could be applicable to research related to coastal and inland waters. Further work toward quantitatively determining the extent and quality of these products, given the instrument and mission characteristics, is recommended.
A New Blondin System for Surveying and Photogrammetry
Authors: Cuesta Federico , Lopez-Rodriguez Francisco , Esteban Antonio
Published: December 2013

The main objective of the system presented in this paper is to provide surveyors and engineers with a new photogrammetry device that can be easily integrated with surveying total stations and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) infrastructure at a construction site, taking advantage of their accuracy and overcoming limitations of aerial vehicles with respect to weight, autonomy and skilled operator requirements in aerial photogrammetry. The system moves between two mounting points, in a blondin ropeway configuration, at the construction site, taking pictures and recording the data of the position and the orientation along the cable path. A cascaded extended Kalman filter is used to integrate measurements from the on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU), a GPS and a GNSS. Experimental results taken in a construction site show the system performance, including the validation of the position estimation, with a robotic surveying total station, or the creation of a digital surface model (DSM), using the emergent structure from motion (SfM) techniques and open software. The georeferencing of the DSM is performed based on estimated camera position or using ground control points (GCPs).
Perspectives on Sustainability: Exploring the Views of Tenants in Supported Social Housing
Authors: Robison Rosalyn , Jansson-Boyd Cathrine
Published: December 2013

Government policy aimed at curbing carbon emissions often focusses on encouraging individual action, however the effectiveness of this approach has been limited. Investigations of why this might be have included segmentation, to identify different groups who undertake more or less action, and analysis of various “barriers” to action. Those on lower incomes who are not home owners have previously been found to be less engaged in seeking out energy efficiency information. Working with low-income tenants living in supported social housing we conducted three group interviews, accompanied by a 7-item scale measuring general attitude towards the environment. The interviews were aimed at opening up discussion about environmental and energy issues, including exploring more deeply what, for these participants, underlies barriers to conservation behaviours. We found participants to be very willing to engage in conversation and knowledgeable about a range of relevant issues. Barriers explored include: lack of confidence in existing levels of knowledge, habit, self-interest and lack of agency, and in all cases several different perspectives were voiced by participants. Implications for policy, interventions and public engagement are given, including ways to increase dialogue and reflection on sustainability issues for all sectors of society.
Le concept de genre au cidff : un outil de travail pour l'insertion
Authors: Charles Frédéric , Fortino Sabine
Published: December 2013

Dans le cas singulier d’un réseau d’associations intervenant en faveur de la défense des droits des femmes (les Centres d’information sur les droits des femmes et des familles ou cidff ), nous nous proposons d’analyser comment les théories du genre sont appropriées puis ‘travaillées’ par les professionnel∙le∙s du réseau dans le cadre de leur activité à destination des femmes précaires en insertion. L’article présente quelques dispositifs particulièrement innovants qui tentent de concilier lutte contre le chômage, « avancée en mixité des emplois » et émancipation des femmes. Il en montre aussi les limites dans un contexte de désengagement de l’État et de difficultés financières récurrentes mettant parfois à mal le fonctionnement et les missions initiales des associations.
Militer en travaillant contre les violences conjugales
Authors: Herman Elisa
Published: December 2013

Au fil d’une ethnographie de la lutte contre les violences conjugales, l’auteure a rencontré des femmes professionnelles et militantes, féministes et travailleuses sociales, investies dans des carrières aux multiples facettes. Cet article propose tout d’abord de retracer l’essor d’un groupe professionnel issu d’espaces associatifs, processus intimement lié à la construction de politiques publiques. Il présente ensuite trois figures de travailleuses militantes, nées de cette professionnalisation caractérisée par la volonté de dépasser les clivages expert/profane, militant/professionnel.
Notre visite du 28 mars 2013 à l'école de la Neuville
Authors: Jacquet-Francillon François , Savio Camille Suzanne
Published: December 2013

Résumé : L’école de la Neuville a été créée en 1973 sur les bases de la pédagogie institutionnelle, avec des orientations thérapeutiques. L’école accueille en internat des enfants de 6 à 15 ans en difficulté avec l’institution scolaire. Lors de leur visite, les auteurs sont pris en charge par deux élèves qui les guident à travers l’établissement ; ils dialoguent avec une classe sur son fonctionnement, voient l’internat (qui sépare filles et garçons), observent deux petites réunions où le groupe traite des petits conflits de la vie quotidienne, et assistent au « Grand conseil » qui s’occupe du bilan et de la régulation générale de l’école. Le document qu’ils présentent nous fait aussi part de leurs impressions, de leurs réflexions sur la portée et la valeur à leurs yeux de ce type de « pédagogie active » : circulation de la parole, égalité et réciprocité, prise en compte de chacun dans sa personne et sa dignité, respect fluide des règles, une éducation qui pourrait être exemplaire, « parvenue à un haut degré d’humanité ».
Jacotot, Rancière : essai de contextualisation historique
Authors: Grèzes-Rueff François
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Les thèses de Rancière et de Jacotot ont ceci de commun qu’elles font chacune rupture dans leur époque en faisant de l’égalité (des intelligences / des positions) le principe directeur de tout projet d’émancipation par l’instruction ; de là découle leur caractère anarchique, voire utopique. L’article se propose cependant de replacer les deux auteurs dans leur contexte historique : l’expérience des Écoles centrales et le protestantisme, le statut de l’élève et la dissymétrie de la relation “enseignante” – questions qu’il met en relation avec la construction en Europe de l’individu démocratique (obéissance à des normes collectives vs libération de l’initiative individuelle) et la “révolution culturelle” des années 1960 qui réaffirme de façon radicale l’impérialité de l’idée d’égalité.
Probiotic supplement consumption alters cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a preliminary study using healthy individuals
Authors: Hepburn N.J. , Garaiova I. , Williams E.A. , Michael D.R. , Plummer S.
Published: December 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of daily probiotic supplementation upon the immune profile of healthy participants by the assessment of ex vivo cytokine production. Twenty healthy adult volunteers received a multi-strain probiotic supplement consisting of two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL60 and CUL21), Bifidobacterium lactis (CUL34) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL20) and fructooligosaccharide for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide and cytokine production was assessed. Postintervention, a significant decrease in the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β was apparent when PBMCs were incubated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, whilst a significant increase in IL-10 and transforning growth factor-β production was seen when the cells were incubated without an additional stimulus. This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of a multi-strain probiotic supplement to alter the immune response as demonstrated by changes in ex vivo cytokine production. Such results demonstrate the potential benefit of probiotic supplementation for healthy individuals and warrants further investigation.
Corrosion Characteristics of Copper in Malaysian Bioethanol and Gasoline Blends
Authors: Kannan T. Saravana , Piraiarasi C. , Ahmed Abu Saleh , Farid Nasir Ani
Published: December 2013

The present study aims to investigate the corrosion characteristics of copper commonly encountered in the spark ignition (SI) engine fuel system with Malaysian bioethanol and gasoline blends. Static immersion tests in E0 (gasoline), E10 and E85 were carried out at room temperature for 1320 h. Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of copper was investigated before and after immersion tests. Investigations were carried out on change in morphological properties using optical microscope; change in chemical structure using FTIR; change in mass and volume by weight loss measurement; hardness changes using universal hardness tester; and change of chemical properties of the fuel blends using total acid number titration method. The test results showed that corrosion of copper was increased with the high concentration of ethanol in the blends.
Experimental Tooling Design of the Jet Erosion
Authors: Chen Si , He Jin Gang , Ke Lin , Jiang Zheng Li
Published: December 2013

Erosion is a failure phenomenon which caused by relative motion between the surface of a fluid and material, it often results in the failure of the device, affects the normal operation of equipment. This paper describes the design of a erosion experimental device combined with the characteristics of the existing types of erosion experimental advantages, disadvantages and metal material erosion experiment. The device consists of a plurality of tank, pump, spray tanks, cam nozzle, pipeline and so on. It can control to the impact velocity, impact angle.
Using Mud as a Building Material in Building Affordable Houses in Hot Climate
Authors: Al-Faidy Nura S. Mohamed
Published: December 2013

Human has discovered a way to live in their houses to reduce the temperature in the hot areas, for example in the Libyan Desert houses has been built by natural material (mud). Looking for solutions in different kind of materials around use, it became in the first place of living. People in hot areas need protection from the sun, not just themselves but even their homes. The first step in design houses is materials. What kind of material we need? Can we find the necessary requirements in the material? Is it available and affordable? Can it be used as heat insulation in hot climate? All these questions are in our minds. Material has to be studied in a proper way. In the past few years resident build their homes using natural material. In the Libyan Desert we can find houses build by mud, the mud has been dug out from the salt oasis. This mud consists of organic element and salt, which can be used as heat insulation. So, the mean study here is how to development this natural material in to modern element? And how can it be one of the important materials in materials science?
Light-Weight Masonry Mortarswith Hollow Glass Microspheres for Winter Conditions
Authors: Vyacheslav Semenov , Dmitriy Oreshkin , Tamara Rozovskaya
Published: December 2013

In the paper the research results of light-weight masonry mortars with hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) and antifreeze admixtures (AFA) for masonry walling of the efficient small items at the low temperatures are given. One has chosen the antifreeze admixtures for the mortars and their rate has been justified. The main properties of the masonry mortars with HGMS and the antifreeze admixtures have been determined. The standard research methods are used. Main attention was paid to the analysis of strength of the mortar with HGMS and the antifreeze admixtures formed at the positive and negative temperatures. The optimal mixtures for the temperature down to 10 °C were developed.
A priority direction of development of construction science currently is energy saving and the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings and structures. A part of the solution to this problem is the development of efficient building materials and fencing structures. The use of multi-layer fencing structures is known to lead to a decrease in the coefficient of their thermal uniformity [. In this regard, the most promising is the development of single-wall exterior fencing structures, which answer the requirements of the standards for thermal protection.
However, single-wall fencing structures answering the requirements for thermal protection must have an average density value not greater than 500 kg/m3. The materials from cellular concrete, polystyrene concrete, foam ceramics concrete and others satisfy the aforesaid requirements. The monolith unity of similar structures is provided through the use of mortars on the basis of mineral, mineral-and-polymer and polymer binders [2-. Such mortars with high average density and a high coefficient of thermal conductivity are the bridges of cold in the construction; they do not provide the thermal homogeneity of the fencing structure and reduce its thermal resistance.
A solution to this problem is the use of light-weight masonry mortars (warm mortars). Such mortars with traditional light-weight fillers (e.g. expanded perlite and vermiculite mortar sands) have an increased water requirement, and, as a consequence, the extremely low strength value. Recently, hollow glass (HGMS) or ceramics (CMS) microspheres are used as light-weight fillers for masonry mortars [. Thus, in [ the scientific principles of the use of such compositions with HGMS have been developed. The masonry mortar has been obtained with the following properties: average density of dried mortar is 450 kg/m3 with a coefficient of thermal conductivity equal to 0.17 W/m·°C and a compressive strength equal to 3.2 MPa at the age of 28 days, water-retention capacity over 90% and with optimal technological and rheological characteristics [.
Study of Density and Modulus of Elasticity of Lightweight Concrete with Brazilian Aggregate
Authors: Angelin Andressa Fernanda , Ribeiro Lubienska Cristina L.J. , Pires Marta Siviero Guilherme , Lintz Rosa Cristina Cecche , Trautwein Leandro Mouta , Gachet-Barbosa Luísa Andréia
Published: December 2013

Concrete is one of the oldest building materials and applying known to humankind. From 1800s, with the advent of Portland cement concrete has taken a prominent place among the construction materials due to large values of strength, durability and versatility it offered compared to other products, allowing the molding of the various architectural forms. Until the early 80s, the modern concrete remained only as a mixture of cement, aggregates and water, however, in recent decades, due to the development of new techniques and products, the concrete has been undergoing constant changes [. This article discusses the application of technology of lightweight aggregates for concrete production, for use in building elements such as structural panels or fence. Developed an experimental program for the analysis of concrete, with the primary objective to characterize the properties of the parts in the hardened state. The results showed that the lightweight aggregate concrete with Brazilian expanded clay are extremely suitable for the production of prefabricated elements slender, mainly due to the reduction in density and excellent performance in mechanical properties, especially modulus of elasticity, despite the low toughness of lightweight aggregate.
Durability Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) at High Temperature
Authors: Song Hyun Woo , Kim Yong Seok , Koo Jae Mean , Seok Chang Sung
Published: December 2013

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) which protects the gas turbine from high temperature is damaged by repeated thermal fatigue [1,2]. Generally, damage of top coating of thermal barrier coating is resulted in damage to the entire gas turbine. Thus, the durability of the thermal barrier coating should be evaluated to protect the gas turbine from damage. In general, the major cause of delamination in the top coating is the thermal stress at its interface according to the change in temperature [. In this research, parallel stress at the top coating interface (S11) was verified as the major cause of delamination by finite element analysis. In order to evaluate the durability of the TBC, we need information about the parallel strength at the interface, but it is difficult to measure. Furthermore, we verified the relationship between the stress perpendicular to the interface (S22) and the stress parallel to the interface (S11) by finite element analysis. The durability of the thermal barrier coating was evaluated by comparison of the results of the bond strength test of Kim et al. with the results of the finite element analysis of this research.
Effect of Anthracite on Preparation of Ceramsite Using Red Mud
Authors: Yang Hui Fen , Lu Lin Fei , Jiang Bei Ping , Zhang Jin Long
Published: December 2013

Based on analyzing of chemical composition, mineral composition and thermal stability of red mud, preparation of ceramisite, using anthracite added as foaming agent, was investigated. Internal structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the bulk density of ceramisite was obviously reduced by anthracite added. The ceramisite with bulk density of 1.30g/cm3, water absorption rate£ ̈WAR£©of 2.98% and cylinder compressive strength £ ̈CCS£©of 9.48 MPa was obtained when weight ratio of red mud/waste glass/bentonites/anthracite was at 73:15:11:1. Majority of porosity in ceramisite was closed based on SEM. The porosity of ceramisite was much higher when anthracite was added as foaming agent than only calcite in red mud was used as foaming agent. The bulk density of the former was lower than that of the latter.
Stress Analysis of Bonded Joint Using Solid Element Combinations
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: December 2013

This paper describes some finite element combinations to analyse the mechanical behaviour of bonded joints. In finite element models five layers of solid elements were used across the adhesive layer in order to increase the accuracy of the results. The finite elements were refined gradually in steps from adherends to adhesive layer. In these models, most of the adherends and adhesive were modeled using solid brick elements but some solid triangular prism elements were used for a smooth transition. Comparisons are performed between different types of first-order element combinations in order to find a suitable model to predict the mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded joints.
Interpolation-Element for Beam on Winkler Elastic Foundation
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Shi Ping , Shi Xu Dong , Ding Min
Published: December 2013

On the basis of the deformation characteristics of Euler and Timoshenko beams on Winkler elastic foundation, the displacement shape functions were created. Lagrange interpolation function was used for the deformation in the axial direction, and Hermite interpolation function was applied in the bending direction. By applying the principle of minimum potential energy, energy integral and variation, the stiffness matrixes and equivalent load arrays of Euler and Timoshenko beams were derived. The model of elastic foundation beam was built by using elements constructed in this paper. And the beam deformation was calculated and compared with theoretical solution. The results show that the difference between deformations resulted from interpolation function and theoretical solution is small. With a smaller mesh size, the results obtained from interpolation function are approaching those from the theoretical solution. It illustrates that the application of polynomial function as the displacement shape function of elastic foundation beam could meet the requirement of accuracy and the elements in this paper could be applied in practice.
Heat Modeling for Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Cao Feng Hong
Published: December 2013

Based on the extended heat transfer equations, a 3-dimensional thermal model for the friction stir welding is established to analyze the influence of process parameters such as welding speed and rotational speed on heat transfer in the stir zone. A moving coordinate system is introduced to describe the dynamic thermal problem, thus making the modeling difficulty reduced and transient problem converted to pseudo-steady heat transfer. Numerical simulation results give a better approximation to practical reproduction, successful prediction of weld shape, weld defects and peak temperature.
Numerical Simulation of Erosion and Flow Behaviour in Nozzle
Authors: Chen Si , Wang Zun Ce , He Jin Gang , Ke Lin , Jiang Zheng Li
Published: December 2013

We used CFD method to numerical simulation of solid-liquid two-phase flow in nozzle flow inside the nozzle, simplified structure, used the RNGk-ε model for numerical simulation. Through numerical simulation, we get the velocity distribution and the erosion distribution, provide guidance for further improvement and application in structure engineering
Hydrodynamic Efficiency Improvement of High-Specific-Speed Centrifugal Pump Impeller
Authors: Yang Chin Ting
Published: December 2013

The high-specific-speed centrifugal pumps are very common in industrial factory for transporting fluids all day long. However, oversized pumps with low performance still could meet the purpose of fluid transporting. The aim of this study was to reduce the existed commercial impeller energy consumption by optimizing the performance of impeller through CAE processes. The impeller model was first generated by BladeGen software and analyzed by CFX in Turbo-mode. The optimized model then exported to machine center to cut the precise aluminum mold. A regular sand die casting processes were used to manufacture the impeller. The original pump which only impeller was replaced with the new one was tested with performance measurement system again. The results show that when the mass flow rate between 40-90kg/s the CFD software predicted very well pump heads and efficiencies with experimental data, which was called optimized impeller. But around the minimum and maximum flow rate region, the recirculation flow between blades and frictional loss model used still need further investigation to shrink the difference. Compare to the original impeller, the optimized one had increased efficiency 6% at the mass flow rate of 80kg/s. Also the high efficiency region (nearby of BEP) of the new impeller had broadened 50%. And the maximum mass flow rate increased 13% than the original one.
New Approach for Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Lin Feng Yun
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a method of time optimal path planning under kinematic, limit heat characteristics of DC motor and dynamic constrain for a 2-DOF wheeled. Firstly the shortest path is planned by using the geometric method under kinematic constraints. Then, in order to make full use of motors capacity we have the torque limits under limit heat characteristics of DC motor, finally the velocity limit and the boundary acceleration (deceleration) are determined to generate a time optimal path.
The Study of Vibration for Motor-Compressors
Authors: Liu Jing Hua , Hu Gui Chuan
Published: December 2013

According to the motor-compressors vibration problems occur in the process of operation, research the working principle of the unit, the incentive vibration element, establishes the physical model of the vibration excitation source. it is a guiding significance for the dynamic design, reform system, monitoring and operation management of the motor-compressors.
Software Design of Reconfigurable Hydraulic Test System
Authors: Liu Yan Ling , Qiu Yong
Published: December 2013

This paper simply introduces the application of reconfigurable system in hydraulic system, and systematically summarizes the reconfigurable hydraulic test system hardware composition and function of each part. This paper introduces software design of the reconfigurable system. Moreover, this paper not only gives the wiring board address table, also takes an example of the performance test of throttle speed control circuit and the capacity test of hydraulic pump light load to account for reconfigurable of this hydraulic system.
Secondary Developing and Finite Element Analysis on Screw Compressor of Automotive Air Conditioning
Authors: Song Yan Dong
Published: December 2013

The three-screw compressor is a special type of positive displacement compressors that has two or more intermeshing screws rotating axially to deliver fluids. Three-screw compressor depend mainly on master-slave screw meshing with each other forming seal cavity so as to delivery liquid from the suction to the outlet. So it is important to design the screw profile accurately to obtain a high volumetric efficiency of the screw compressor. Through the central rotor and idler rotors three-dimensional model, we can directly obtain the central rotor and idler rotors law Section Surface contour and longitudinal section Surface contour. At the same time, this method can also provide a reference model for access complex surfaces checking template.
Package of Programs for the Synthesis of Space Gear Mechanism in the MAPLE Environment
Authors: Dudka D.V. , Drakunov Yu.M. , Abduraimov A.
Published: December 2013

The design of any mechanism begins with the design of its scheme. Subsequent calculations for strength, structural design of links and kinematic pairs, choice of materials, and other stages of the design, as a rule cannot significantly change the basic properties of the mechanism. The design of mechanisms scheme on the specified properties is called synthesis of mechanism. In this work we considered the software package of kinematic synthesis of spatial gear lever mechanisms for five, seven, eight and nine parameters.
Discrete Construction of Compoundly Weighted Voronoi Diagram
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: December 2013

Compoundly weighted Voronoi diagram is difficult to construct because the bisector is fairly complex. In traditional algorithm, production process is always extremely complex and it is more difficult to graphic display because of the complex definition of mathematic formula. In this paper, discrete algorithms are used to construct compoundly weighted Voronoi diagrams. The algorithm can get over all kinds of shortcomings that we have just mentioned. So it is more useful and effective than the traditional algorithm. The results show that the algorithm is both simple and useful, and it is of high potential value in practice.
Research on Comprehensive Optimizing for Special Vehicle Handling and Riding Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Theory
Authors: Li Jun , Yuan Shi Hua , Chen Ke
Published: December 2013

According to the comprehensive optimizing problem, a vehicle dynamic model based on whole vehicle parameters was established in this paper. Seven optimization targets which are typical means for the special vehicles handling and riding and the twelve optimization parameters of the suspension system were put forward through analysis. And the multi-objective optimization solving was completed by using the multi-objective optimization tool. The pareto solutions for comprehensive optimization were obtained. Through setting standard of the maximum scores of understeer degree and the minimum value of driver seat departments RMS of full domain weighted acceleration, the Pareto solution was obtained. It can provide a solution method for balance and coordination chassis performance of the special vehicle.
The Visual Modeling of the Intelligent Monitoring in the Production Line Based on UML Modeling
Authors: Hu Xiao Mei , Xu Zheng Hao , Yu Tao
Published: December 2013

The reliability of the production line is closely linked to the operating status of the device. In order to ensure the reliability of equipment operation, this paper puts forward the visual modeling of the intelligent monitoring in the production line based on UML modeling. On the basis of the system analysis, a modeling which provides a unified visualization for all stages of the design and the realization of the system is built by the UML modeling language and includes the use-case model, and static class structure model and system dynamic structure model. Moreover the paper raise a specific business process, which is greatly shortened the cycle of developing system, improves the reliability of production systems and utilization of capacity and provides a reliable guarantee for automatic production.
The Evaluation of Internal Control System of Power Supply Enterprises in ERP Environment
Authors: Sun Hong Fei , Wang Yan Yan
Published: December 2013

In recent years, internal control system aroused wide attention from scholars at home and abroad and company's internal control is the core issue of Enterprise management. Mainly from the ERP and internal control theory perspective, this paper explored to melt ERP ideas into the company's internal control system and internal control systems were evaluated both from the qualitative and quantitative ways. The author analyzed the weight and evaluation value of index with AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to explain the result of the internal control system of power supply enterprise after implementing ERP system.