bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Spore-Bound Laccase from Bacillus subtilis WD23 and its Use in Dye Decolorization
Authors: Wang Chun Lei , Zhao Min , Wei Xing Dong , Li Tai Lun , Lu Lei
Published: June 2010

Treatment of xenobiotic compounds such as textile dyes with bacterial laccases is limited to the acid pH range and moderate temperatures. A bacterial strain, designated as WD23, was isolated from forest soil using Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with 0.4 mmol/L Cu2+. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis by physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Here we charactered the spore-bound laccase of B. subtilis WD23 and used the laccase to decolorize dyes. The spores of the strain showed laccase-like activity, oxidizing syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate acid)(ABTS). The optimum pH and temperature for the spore-bound laccase were 6.8 and 60°C, respectively. It also showed higher stabilities over a broad pH range, the pH half-life was more than 6 months at pH 6.8. The spore laccase could efficiently decolorize 50~90% of anthraquinone and azo dyes in 24 h. The spore laccase can play an important role in bioremediation.
Study on Red Mud as Secondary Resource for Iron Concentration
Authors: Fang Yong Guang , Peng Qi
Published: June 2010

Depending on the analysis of the phase composition of red mud, particle distribution, distribution of reusable iron was studied clearly which size must above 360 mesh and verified by experiments. The revealed regular pattern of reusable red mud reduces the cost of the red mud processing costs. Then the rest of the distribution of iron in red mud were studied by flotation which is not the effective methold.Study provides a economic way to use red mud reused as secondary resources.
Ultrasound-UV Method Detect Oil Content of Oily Sludge from Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Zhao Yang , Sun Jing Xin , Wei Li , Wang Bin Song , Ma Jun , Chen Zhong Xi
Published: June 2010

Drained sludge of Daqing oilfield No.4 oil production plant was collected from bottoms of tanks, and the oil content was usually lower than 2%. In this paper, the contents of petroleum substances, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and animal and plant oil were investigated. Ultrasound-UV method was used to detect the oil content of oily sludge. Results showed that the best ultrasound time was 8 min and the best solid-liquid ratio for the extraction was about 1:20. The standard curve was constructed. The comparison between the ultrasound-UV method and the traditional method shows that the ultrasound-UV method is more suitable for the detection of oil content of oily sludge with lesser oil. Moreover, the methods of detecting sludge with lower oil content have been established.
Study on Short-Cut Nitrification Aerobic Granular Sludge Cultivation and Carbon-Nitrogen Removal
Authors: Fu Jing Xiang , Tang Yu Lan , Ma Xing Guan , Zhao Yu Hua , Wang Hai Biao
Published: June 2010

Acclimation of short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge with aerobic granular sludge and nitrification sludge as seed sludge in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) by controlling the pH, influent ammonia concentration, temperature and other conditions. Experimental results showed that the short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge with high ammonia and COD removal rate (95%) was formed successfully, and SBR can run long-term stably. DO at 6.0~8.0mg/L when the nitrosation rate remained stable at 50% ~ 60%, and lower DO levels within the reactor (2.0~3.0mg/L) nitrosation rates of up to 90%. Mature short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge average diameter of 2~3mm in between, MLSS of up to 10.162g/L, SVI minimum up to 22.63ml/g, moisture content is only 81.93%, total nitrogen removal rate of 40%, and carbon-nitrogen removal capability.
Development-Induced Water Pollution and Control of Medium-Small-Size Cities in Southern China
Authors: Huo Yu , Wang La Chun , Wang Deng Feng , Meng Hai Hua
Published: June 2010

With the rapid urbanization, medium-small-size cities have become essential to urban system in China. However, due to limited financial and technology conditions, development has lead to serious water pollution. This study statistically analyzed the socioeconomic development and water pollution situations of 10 typical medium-small-size cities in southern China with factor analysis and find that: 1) industry development is the major contributor to water pollution, so it should be well planned; 2) pollution in rural area is mainly caused by high concentration of pollutant discharged, and the control should emphasize on the disposal of pollutant; 3) in urban areas, the large quantum of sewage emission has a greater contribution to water pollution, and water conservation will bring a great improvement in the level of pollution control. The results propose some ways more effective to control water pollution for medium-small-size cities in southern China.
Simulated Annealing Optimization of Belt Conveyor Transmission
Authors: Ding Ji Bin
Published: June 2010

The belt conveyor is a transporting machine by friction in a continuous manner. The two order helical gearing reducer may be generally used as conveyor transmission, and can reduce speed and increase torque of belt. The objective function may be specified that that total center distance of the reducer incline to minimum, so the optimization model including the property and boundary constraints is created. Then the objective function with penalty terms is converted by penalty strategy with addition type, so as to transform the constrained optimization into the unconstrained optimization model. Considering the problem of low efficiency and local optimum caused by standard optimization methods, the simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization model of Belt Conveyor Transmission, and neural network method is applied to fit relative coefficient, then BFGS Quasi-Newton method is recalled automatically when the setting working precision is achieved again. So that the optimization process is simplified and global optimum is acquired reliably.
Primary Study on the Pollution Control of Overflow by Stepwise Adsorption Purification Bed
Authors: Wu Chun Du , Liu Chun Xia , Xie Qing Jie
Published: June 2010

In this paper a stepwise adsorption purification bed was introduced to be used for overflow wastewater treatment. According to the principle of natural purification of soil and paddy fields on sewage, the stepwise adsorption purification bed imitated the self-purification function of natural materials, such as defoliation，rotten wood, charcoal and the stone were processed as filler. The removal rate of the parameters, such as COD, NH3-N and TP was invested to show the treatment effect of this system. The result showed that the system had a high removal rate of the contamination in the sewage. The COD, NH3-N and TP removal rates can reach up to 80%, 85.8% and 84% respectively.
Experimental Research for SO2 Absorption in Bubbling Stirring Reactor
Authors: Lu Su Min , Ma You Guang , Shen Shu Hua , Zhu Chun Ying
Published: June 2010

The effect of different parameters on SO2 absorption was investigated in a semi-batchwise bubbling stirring reactor. From the experimental results, an increase of the gas flow, which substantially decreased the residence time of the gas in liquid, led to a quick reduce of the time of 100% removal efficiency of SO2. The addition of CaCO3 increased the removal efficiency of SO2 significantly. With increasing the concentration of CaCO3, the time of SO2=100% was almost increased linearly. The increase of the stirring speed prolonged the time of SO2=100% at first, but when beyond a certain value, no further effect of the stirring speed was observed, which showed that the mass transfer of SO2 in slurry was controlled by both gas and liquid mass transfer. Citric acid displays a good buffer action on SO2 absorption. The addition of citrate prolonged the time in which the SO2 removal efficiency remained high valves.
Evaluation and Forecasting: Urban Sustainable Development of Wuwei City in Gansu Province
Authors: Shang Hai Yang , Su Fang
Published: June 2010

Evaluation for urban sustainable development is very significant to improve the future development of urban. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is very suitable for evaluation of urban sustainable development. In the study, AHP is applied to evaluate urban sustainable development. On the basis of analyzing the evaluation indexes, evaluation model for urban sustainable development is constructed based on AHP. And we take Wuwei city in Gansu province as an example to study the evaluation performance of AHP. The result of the urban sustainable development is getting better and better towards 2020. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
Research of High-Frequency Magnetotelluric Sounding in Mineral Resources Exploration in Northern Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Li , Ruan Bai Yao , Jing Rong Zhong , Yang Fang Fang
Published: June 2010

In the mountains area, we have to solve the problem that how to select appropriate method, accurately and effectively explore the burial condition and location of the deep mineral ore with complex terrain. Advanced and Convenient high-frequency magnetotelluric (HF-MT) sounding system Stratagem EH- 4 was applied to electromagnetic array profile survey in target mining area of northern Guangxi. Bostick and Rapid Relaxation Iterative inversion method were used to interpret the observational data, and it has been verified by the mine works that location of faults and orebodies marked by resulting images are tally with the real geological conditions, which provide resource base for the continued production of the mine. This measurement technique and interpretation method should be popularized and applied in mineral resources exploration, especially in mountains area.
The Interactive Effects of Soil Moisture and Light for Growth of Chromium Hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz and Biochemical Changes
Authors: Cai Xiang Wen , Zhang Xue Hong , Li Hui Min , Yang Wei Jia
Published: June 2010

Three Leersia hexandra populations were cultivated in 20% and 80% Cr3+concentration and their heavy metal contents was determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Population in Lipu was found the best Cr Hyperaccumulator test plant. The interactive effects of soil moisture and light for growth showed Leersia hexandra grew fastest under 50% soil moisture content, medium illumination and appropriate fertilizing.Results of the biochemical parameters showed decrease in amounts of soluble sugars and ascorbic acid and an increase in total chlorophyll and protein in Leersia hexandra grown in ideal conditions as compared to others.These results provide more effective approach for improving biomass of Leersia hexandra, and applied it into restoration of contaminated water and soils .
Study on Recycle of Sawdust Sorel’s Cement Concrete Waste
Authors: Li Cheng Dong , Yu Hong Fa
Published: June 2010

Magnesium oxychloride cement sawdust concrete box caused great harm to the environment. This article introduced the method to recycle the box. Magnesium oxychloride cement sawdust concrete was gradually heated, in the range of 0 ~ 800°C, and then the residue was calcined at 700 ° C. Studies showed that the 5•1•8 and sawdust in the box was decomposed into MgO in high temperature conditions. The X-ray diffraction examination results showed that the content of this MgO reached 90%. The application the MgO is very wide.
Effect of High Temperature and Humidity in Storage on Component and Oil Absorption of Soy Protein Isolate
Authors: Sun Bing Yu , Shi Yan Guo , Su Chen , Liu Hong Hong
Published: June 2010

The SPI was applied in food industry widely, but the functionalities of it may change during storage. The effect of store temperature, time, RH and package material on SPI component and oil absorption were studied, when SPI was packaged in 100% N2 and Al, 80%N2:20%CO2 and Al, 60%N2:40% CO2 and Al, vacuum and Al, white paper/plastic/HDPE, and PE and then stored for 5 months in the conditions of RH 80% and 30°C.It was shown that the 7S/11S of SPI only packaged in PE decreased significantly(p<0.05), while the subunit of SPI would lost in different levels and obviously in PE. It was observed by SDS-PAGE that the subunit of SPI disaggregated and molecules aggregated. Focus on the sulfhydryln group and disulfide bond, it was found that the content of sulfydryl decreases while disulfide bond increased.
Research of Knowledge Management in the Field of Project Management
Authors: Wu Yun Na , Chen Quan Zhi
Published: June 2010

In order to accelerate the construction of knowledge management in the field of project management, based on the analysis of definition of knowledge management, this thesis sums up the current information technology to support knowledge management and knowledge management system, defines the main functions of knowledge management system, analyzes the status of knowledge management in project management, points out the tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge in the management processes, and discusses the benefits of knowledge management applied in project management. Analyze the structure and feedback mechanisms of knowledge management system, and it is helpful to promote the application of knowledge management in the field of project management. On this basis, we developed the knowledge management system of Huadian Branch.
Study on the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Emission of Wood Composites
Authors: Zhang Wen Chao , Shen Jun , Chen Feng
Published: June 2010

In this paper, TVOC emission of veneered wood-based panel and coating processing was systematically discussed. The results showed that resin content and hot-pressing temperature of veneered wood-based particle board had obvious impact on TVOC releasing. When velocity of flow was 0.02 m/s, after 10 hours experiment, TVOC concentration in the environment chamber was 263μg/m3. While velocity of flow 0.04m/s, TVOC concentration was 29 μg/m3. High-flow velocity was helpful for rapid dissemination of TVOC. The research also found after 10 hours experiment, concentration of TVOC in environment chamber is 31μg/m3, 220μg/m3 and 400μg/m3 corresponding amount of paint was 20g, 40g and 60g. The thicker the layer was, the longer the time of layer dehumidification and TVOC diffusion needed.
Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on River Basin in Arid Zone
Authors: Wang Yue Jian , Yang Guang , Xu Hai Liang
Published: June 2010

The water resources carrying capacity is an important component of natural resource carrying capacity in a country or region sustained development process. It is the key being related to using the water resources reasonably, which means vital to the sustained growth of the water resources, the social economy and the ecological environment concordant development.Taking the case of river basin in arid zone of the Manasi River Basin,The author evaluated water resources supporting capacity condition basin in different year of the Manasi River by establishing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results indicated that because of saving water technological progress and industry restructure advancement, the water resources carrying capacity of Manasi River will be improved in the future twenty years. The water resources supply and demand contradictory will be obtained certain alleviation, but the uneven of water resources space and time distribution is still the main restrictive factor of the development of society and economic and the ecological environment construction.
Recent Advances in the Study of Mung Bean Starch
Authors: Han Chun Ran , Yang Ming Duo , Ma Yong Qiang
Published: June 2010

Mung bean grows widely in the world, and is the good source of mung bean starch, which contains higher content of amylose and has special gelling properties. Isolation methods, molecular structure (x-ray pattern) and important physiochemical properties of mung bean starch and influencing factors in recent studies were reviewed, which is helpful for the further and comprehensive use of mung bean starch.
Study on Treatment of Acetylspiramycin Pharmaceutical Wastewater by the Photo-Fenton Oxidation Process
Authors: Su Rong Jun , Wang Peng , Jiang Li Ming , Gu Fang
Published: June 2010

Acetylspiramycin pharmaceutical wastewater is a kind of biorefractory organic wastewater. It is meaningful academically and actually that the Photo-Fenton method is used in the oxidation and degradation of the effluent water. After pretreatment of the wastewater with COD 6169mg/L, the oxidation reactions were proceeded which the oxidation effects were evaluated by the changes of COD and BOD5. Orthogonal experiment was applied based on the single factor experiment, the optimal process conditions were determined as follows, the volume ratio of H2O¬2: FeSO4•7H2O 1:1, the dosage of FeSO4•7H2O 7.8mmol/L, the pH value 3.0 and on the solar ray radiation respectively. Under the said conditions, the ratio of BOD5/COD went from 0.15 to 0.24 indicating that biodegradability had improved. Meanwhile COD reduced largely. The removal rate of COD calculated on this stage reached 78.9%. Added to the former pretreatment process, the total removal rate of COD was up to 88.6%. It was higher than other disposal technologies of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater and displayed a promising future.
Treatment of Oily Sludge from Floatation Process: Floc Breakage and Dewatering
Authors: Li Gang , Guo Shu Hai , Zhang Chun Shan , Liu Xi Lin
Published: June 2010

The aim is to treat oily sludge from floatation process of oil produced water by deflocculation. Based upon analyzing the granularity distribution and dewater efficiency of the flocs, floc breakage and dewater of oily sludge was carried out. The results indicated that the coagulant skeleton builder in sludge could be broken by changing the coalescent state, and deflocculation could disrupt skeleton of the floc and release interstitial water in sludge. The highest dewatering efficiency is about 81.2% at the pH of 4.5 by gravity sedimentation. The sludge had a broader range of granularity distribution and a smaller volume-average diameter. Moreover, the median diameter d (0.5) of the treated sludge was 36.0 μm, which was smaller than 73.1 μm of raw sample. Meanwhile, capillary suction time (CST) significantly decreased with pH adjustment. A wastewater removal efficiency of 90.99% for the treated sludge by pressure filtration could be achieved. The method would be a potential technique to be applied to other kinds of floatation sludge.
Spot Experimental Study on Reuse Process for Oil Recovery Wastewater from Polymer Flooding
Authors: Ren Guang Meng , Sun De Zhi , Chen Dian Qi
Published: June 2010

Oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding (ORWFP) is a new type industrial wastewater, which contains high molecular weight polyacrylimide. Large amount of ORWFP was discharged and ecological environment of oilfields was polluted. A reuse process with fabric filtration, O3/H2O2/UV oxidation and membrane filtration was used to treat ORWFP. Spot experimental results show that more than 70% oil and 80% SS are eliminated in fabric filtration unit. O3/H2O2/UV oxidation unit shows evident treatment effect on oil and PAM. COD removal in O3/H2O2/UV oxidation unit is relatively low, which indicates that most parts of PAM may be changed into low molecular weight ones and only a few are mineralized. Membrane filtration unit is effective for removals of oil, SS and particles. But the retention of PAM by the membrane is only 13.08%, which also indicates that most parts of PAM may be changed into low molecular weight ones. The water quality of ORWFP treated by the reuse process is improved evidently, which can live up to the requirement of oil recovery production.
Architecture of Urban Ecosystem Assessment Based on Data Warehouse
Authors: Hu Fu Xiang
Published: June 2010

The assessment architecture is designed in this paper so that the urban ecosystem health can be exactly evaluated. Using data warehouse technology, the writer builds the network to receive every kind of index information, sets the system structure of data warehouse, designs data dimension tables and fact tables. Star model of data warehouse is make up on basis of above all, the assess platform is build. Taking Shanghai city as an example, the results are satisfied, which are consistent with the facts.
Evaluations of Factors Influencing the Income Increasing of the Farmers in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area Based on Projection Pursuit Model
Authors: Zhai Xu Jun
Published: June 2010

. To find the leading factors affecting farmer’s income increasing and analyze its incidence, in this paper we by projection pursuit model choose 8 indicators to evaluate the situation of farmer’s income increasing in Heilongjiang reclamation area from 2004 to 2008, the results of the optimal projection direction and the optimal projection value show planting structure adjustment, income of peasants' outgoing for employment, agricultural subsidies and agricultural tax credits are 3 important factors which provide the decision-makers in Heilongjiang reclamation area with a theoretical reference for solving famers’ income increasing problem effectively and this model method has application value.
Method Research on Assessment of Regional Energy Consumption and Air Pollutants Emission – A Case Study
Authors: Yuan Xue Liang , Wang Qing Song , Mu Rui Min , Ma Chun Yuan
Published: June 2010

Low energy efficiency, energy shortage and energy related environmental issues are the important limiting factors for the development of China. As a developed province, high economic growth has had huge implications for great energy consumption and produced significant air pollutants in Shandong. REPI model is introduced to analyze the evolution of the performance of energy consumption, emissions of SO2, soot and industrial dust in Shandong over the past 12 years. Energy saving index of Shandong kept going up since 1997 and surpassed 1 in 2002, which means the obvious decrease of energy efficiency. SO2 saving index was greater than 1 in 1997-2002 then less than 1 in 2003-2008, which shows SO2 control in Shandong is significant. The saving index of soot and industrial dust kept much less than 1, which means the reduction of these two air pollutants are much better than China average level in the study period. Though the saving indexes of SO2, soot and industrial dust are all less than 1 after 2002, which show the reduction of these pollutants are above China average level, we should still be aware for the massive emissions of these pollutants. To balance economic development, energy saving as well as pollutants reduction, Shandong is faced with huge pressure.
Mechanical Strength of Mortar Made with Binary Fine Aggregates (Dune Sand and Slag Sand)
Authors: Baali Laid , Naceri A. , Rahmouni Z. , Sekhara S.
Published: June 2010

Siliceous sand (dune sand) was partially replaced by slag sand (SS) at different proportions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%). Using two types of fine aggregates, dune sand (DS) and slag sand (SS), grading, compressive and flexural strengths are measured on mortar. Physical and chemical characteristics of dune sand (DS), slag sand (SS) and cement were determined in this study. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical strength of mortar made with binary sand (DS/SS) depends of the nature and particle size distribution of sand studied.
Treatment of Ammonia-Rich Swine Wastewater Using a Novel IOC-SBBR Process
Authors: Wu Yong Ming , Wan Jin Bao , Xiong Ji Hai , Wang Shun Fa , Gu Ping
Published: June 2010

To establish a cost-efficient wastewater treatment system for the ammonia-rich swine wastewater, a combined process consisting of Internal and outer Circulation (IOC) anaerobic reactor and Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) was developed in this study. The combined process could remove about 91.7% of COD and 86.4% of NH4+-N, but TN removal efficiency was undesired, the average TN removal rate was only 28.5%. The optimization of SBBR operation mode to increase the oxygen - anoxic alternating frequency was conducive to the combined process of COD, NH4+-N and the TN removal rate reached 95.6%, 95.4% and 78.6%, respectively. The combined process has high removal efficiency of high ammonia and organic wastewater, is attractive for the treatment of wastewater containing high strength ammonia and carbon.
Optimum Composition Design of Environmental Friendly Wood-Based Composite
Authors: Lin Hong , Xiao Sheng Ling , Li Chen
Published: June 2010

Taking the wood residues as raw materials, the composition of an environmentally-friendly wood material were designed and optimized, and the effect of such process parameters as PF amount, hot-pressing time, design density on wood composite's properties was studied. Use DPS data processing system for Partial Least-Squares Regressive to analyze the effect of different process parameters on properties and establish mathematical model, so as to optimize the experimental program and ascertain the best conditions, at the same time to verify it.
Synergic Removal on Chironomus kiiensis larvae in Urban Water Source with Pre-Oxidation
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Cui Fu Yi , Hou Zhao Chao , Meng Lin
Published: June 2010

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In this work, the quantitative experimental studies were carried out on removal of Chironomus kiiensis larvae in raw water by coagulation-sedimentation process. The coagulation jar test showed that the Chironomus kiiensis larvae could be partially removed from water by coagulation-sedimentation process. Based on it, removal effect of pre-oxidation combined with coagulation-sedimentation process on Chironomus kiiensis larvae was evaluated. The results showed that chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation possessed better removal performance than prechlorinion, and Chironomus kiiensis larvae in the raw water could be completely removed by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation in combination with the coagulation-sedimentation process at chlorine dioxide dosage of 0.8mg/L. The pH in the range of 6-8 did not affect the inactivation efficiency of chlorine dioxide, whereas pH 10 resulted in around 10% decrease in removal rate. Meanwhile, the removal rate of Chironomus kiiensis larvae improved with the temperature increasing within the range investigated of 15-30°C. The removal rate was reduced by 6.7% when temperature reduced from 30°C to 15°C.
Optimization of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation of Solid Organic Wastes
Authors: Kumar Jha Ajay , Li Jian Zheng , He Jun Guo , Chang Sheng , Jha A.K.
Published: June 2010

Dry methane fermentation is an innovative anaerobic digestion technique to treat solid bio-wastes without dilution for potential energy recovery with nutrient rich fertilizer and sustainable waste management. Although dry anaerobic fermentation offers great advantages like utilization of wastes in its produced form, high organic loading rate, no liquid effluent and comparable amount of biogas production with wet fermentation, commercial dry anaerobic digestion is scarcely used so far. In order to develop feasible dry fermentation process, it is important to review the optimization techniques and suggested possible areas where improvements could be made, including the reactor configuration, mixing, feed stocks, co-digestion, pretreatment and environmental conditions within the digester.
Arsenic Speciation Analysis in Environmental Water by HG-AFS after Solid-Phase Extraction Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Cheng Xian Zhong , Sun Xue Fang , Hu Cun Jie , Chang Chao
Published: June 2010

A simple, inexpensive, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of inorganic arsenic species As(III), As(V) and total arsenic in environmental water samples using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The procedure is based on selectively absorbance of the chelates of As(III)-ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) on the MWCNTs at pH range of 2.0-5.0, while As(V) was passed through the microcolumn. The retention complexes of As(III)-APDC was eluted completely with 3 mL of 2.0 mol L-1 HCl solution at a flow rate 1.0 mL min-1, and then directly determined by HG-AFS. The effluent of As(V) was determined using thiourea and ascorbic acid as reducing agent for reduce As(V) to As(III). The different parameters that control the preconcention/separation step of As(III) and As(V) and determination have been investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 0.03-10.0 ng mL-1 for As(III), along with a detection limits of 0.0026 ng mL-1, and the relative standard deviations for As(III) and As(V) for 0.28-6.30%, were obtained. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of inorganic arsenic species in groundwater and lake water with the recovery of 98.00-102.0%.
Study on Low Temperature on SBR Process Performance
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Hou Zhao Chao , Zuo Jin Long
Published: June 2010

In order to investigate low-temperature influence on the SBR process and sludge bulking, the SBR process pollutants removal effect was studied with normal and low temperature. The experimental results showed that the effluent water quality was better with temperature 22~24°C and DO 2mg/L. During this period, sludge bulking did not happen and the SVI was stable for 30d at the range of 60~80mL/g. The sludge settlement became worse when the temperature sharply dropped to 13~15°C and DO concentration was unchanged, the SVI was sharply increased to 240~270mL/g from 60~80mL/g in several cycles, and it was in the state of sludge bulking for 60d. The system denitrification effect was almost lost and the nitrification effect had been seriously affected. When the temperature returned to normal, the nitrification effect was gradually improved. The effluent water was clear and the SVI returned gradually, but the SVI eventually maintained at 150mL/g without retune to previous range.
Effects of Culture Time on the Production of Bioflocculants
Authors: Wang Li Li , Ma Fang , Wei Li , Yu Bing , Xing Jie
Published: June 2010

Bioflocculant MBF-F2, MBF-F+, and MBF-F6, produced form culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2, mixed culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6, and Bacillus sphaeicus F6, respectively, were investigated with regard to their production properties. The growth curves of the microorganisms were investigated. Effect of culture time on the flocculating activity and yield of bioflocculant were examined. Based on these experiments, 24 h was chosen as culture time in this study. In addition, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to characterize the production of the bioflocculants under different culture time.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Hydrophobic Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles In Situ
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Cheng Yu , Li Jian
Published: June 2010

The hydrophobic CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized in situ by mimicking the essential functions of biomineralization. Using this method, CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized and were surface modified at the same time in the system of aqueous solution. The organic substrate of dodecanoic acid used here not only induces the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate but also make the surface of calcium carbonate hydrophobic. The contact angle of the modified CaCO3 nanoparticles reached 110o.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil Based on Engineering Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Wu Yao Guo , Xu You Ning , Hu Si Hai , Zhang Jiang Hua , Li Jian Guo
Published: June 2010

It is not easy to handle relativities of metals toxicology and ecological risk grades, especially, fuzzy in realization of soil heavy metal pollution, when the method suggested by Hakanson was used to assess ecological risk. To explore a better way to solve this problem, certainty in ecological risk grades was fuzzed through engineering fuzzy set theory, and a fuzzy mathematic model was built. The model was then applied in Xiaoqinling gold mining regional, which was selected as case study and where soil was polluted by heavy metals over decades, and its results were compared with that from Hakanson method. The results showed that the fuzzy mathematic model was a better way for ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in contaminated soil.
Optical Properties of Water Body in Xiaojiang River Backwater Area, Three Gorges Reservoir, 2008
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhou Hong , Guo Jing Song , Li Zhe , Chen Yong Bo , Sun Zhi Yu
Published: June 2010

To discuss optical properties of water body in Xiaojiang river backwater area after the early impounding stage of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the correlations between visible light attenuation coefficients (Kd(PAR)) and Secchi Disc transparency (SD), total particulate matters (TPM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll-a (Chla) were investigated, and spatiotemporal variations of Kd(PAR) and its influencing factors were analyzed. In the study area, there are no significant spatial variations of Kd(PAR), but the seasonal changes are obvious, with the highest value in winter and the lowest value in summer. Statistics analysis suggests that there are strong correlations between Kd(PAR) and SD, TPM, TIM, the value of R2 are 0.7791, 0.7285, and 0.7637, respectively. The relationship between Kd(PAR) and DOC is less significant(R2=0.1289). However, the correlation between Kd(PAR) and Chla was weak (R2=0.006). Further study shows that, the impact of total particulate matters on the optical properties of water body is as a result of both seasonal impoundment of the TGR and particular hydrological condition of Xiaojiang river basin.
Study the Effects of Environmental Factors on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in SBBR
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Hao Ying , Yao Jing Bo , Zhang Ting
Published: June 2010

The experiment studies the phenomenon of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in SBBR filled with polyurethane as micro-organisms immobilized carriers. Polyurethane fills in SBR as micro-organisms immobilized carriers, formation of a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR). Under the anaerobic/aerobic conditions, we studied the effects of C/P, C/N and DO on SND. The results showed that when COD was 400mg/L, C/P was 43.2~50.2, C/N was 9.41~11.9 of the influent, the concentration of DO was 3.31~4.01mg/L, the effect of TN removal was good. When C/P was 46.9, C/N was 10.3, the concentration of DO was 3.58mg/L, the removal rate of TN was 83.71%, TN effluent was 6.45mg/L. TN effluent followed byⅠA standard of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”. DO concentrations impact the forms of nitrogen in the effluent. C/P, C/N and DO play an important role on SND in SBBR filled with polyurethane. Controlling these factors effectively can inhance the effect of nitrogen removal.
Loss Mechanism of Rare-Earth Tungsten Cathode Applied to High-Temperature Electrostatic Precipitation
Authors: Xu Jin Jin , Gu Zhong Zhu , Xi Xiao Li , Dai Wei Min , Liu Juan Juan
Published: June 2010

Rare-earth tungsten thermionic emission material was used in the high-temperature electrostatic dust removal technology. A static test facility was self-designed to explore the emission characteristic. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to analyze the microstructure and element distribution. Working in high-temperature and oxidizing condition, tungsten in the thermionic emission materials is oxidized to tungsten trioxide, but the rare-earth tungstate in the grain boundary has no chemical changes. In high-temperature and oxidizing ambience, there is oxidation and volatilization on the surface of rare-earth tungsten, resulting in materials loss. The degree of loss depends on the composition of gas.
Low-Carbon Economy: Terms of Trade and Welfare Effect of China
Authors: Yang Zhi Xue
Published: June 2010

Controlling CO2 emissions without hindering economic development is a major challenge for China. Carbon barrier is a new trade barrier related with carbon trading, which will be a new tool of protectionism in foreign trade. This article expounds the relationship between international trade and economic growth by a standard trade model, analyzes the impact on trade and economic growth of carbon barrier by join a new variable in the model. We suggest that China should create a favorable international environment, draw up carbon trading policies and regulations, actively participate in international carbon trading, fight for pricing by boosting domestic carbon trading market, and take an active and effective adjustment of its industrial structure, increasing the share of service trade as well as other low-carbon forms and methods of trade to cope with the challenge.
Application of Polysilicate Ferric Flocculant in Treatment of Tanning Wastewater
Authors: Sui Zhi Hui , Zhao Xin , Song Xu Mei
Published: June 2010

A new type of inorganic polymer flocculant polysilicate ferric(PSF) was prepared by using pyrite slag as raw materials and used as flocculant in the treatment of tanning wastewater. The infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction had been adopted to characterize the product structure. The infrared spectrometry research indicates that Fe-O, Si-O-Fe and other groups exist in the PSF, which implies that chemical bonding reaction takes place between Fe and silicon in the PSF. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that PSF is the amorphous polymer created upon mutual reaction between Fe3+ and PSi. The application experiment results show that the removal rate of S2-, SS, CODCr, Cr3+, and colority is 92.7%, 90.5%, 82.5％, 80.2% and 90.1% respectively in the condition where temperature is normal, pH value is 7.5 and dosage of the coagulant is 80mg/L. The flocculation effects of PSF in the treatment of tanning wastewater are much better than those of PAC and PFS.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Urban Roadside Soil with Set Pair Analysis and Geoaccumulation Index
Authors: Wang Deng Feng , Wu Hong Juan , Chen Jie , Jiao Shi Xing , Dai Xue Min
Published: June 2010

The assessment of pollution levels of heavy metals soil contamination is significant to the health of human kind. Two methods, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), are applied to assess the urban roadside soil heavy metals pollution levels and compare the assessment results with Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis (FCA). The assessment results of SPA are inconsistent with the FCA. The ranks of roadside soil heavy metals, assessed by Igeo, indicate that the result of FCA is determined by most contaminated heavy metal, the SPA is determined by the contents distribution of all elements. The mean and standard deviation of heavy metal content in research soils are applied to establish an assessment standard and this method is also applicable if there is lower differentiation rate or no uniform standards.
Research on Energy-Saving Evaluation System of Yangtze River Support Ships
Authors: Wu Bin , Liu Qing
Published: June 2010

The Yangtze River shipping industry has large energy consumption, which is China's key energy saving areas. Energy consumption of support ships occupies high proportion in the Yangtze River shipping industry. According to actual operating condition of the Yangtze River shipping support system, and the situation of energy-saving management, proposed the energy-saving targets for evaluation, and determined targets weight with theories of system engineering, and established the incentive mechanism of energy consumption in accord with energy conservation law and the related energy consumption standard, designs the energy saving assessment form in view of the ships navigation environment. Energy consumption levels can be seen by evaluating the targets.
Study on Environmental Management Based on Fuzzy Control and Markov Chain
Authors: Li Jin Ying , Wang Ting , Li Jin Chao
Published: June 2010

To improve the implementation efficiency of environmental policies, the paper put forward a dynamic supervision method based on Markov chain and fuzzy control. With Markov chain the enterprises’ Emission behavior can be forecasted. And with fuzzy control model, analyze the current emissions behavior and the recent changes in the emissions records. Combined the two results, Supervisors decide their dynamic environment supervision track. The sample analyses show that the method is practical.
Materials, Humankind and Peace
Authors: Doyama Masao
Published: June 2010

The ages used by humankind can be divided in the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. In twentieth century instead of one material, a number of diversified materials dominated, and all are diversified. “Right materials in right purposes” was the motto in the last century. In the twenty-first century, the limitation of natural resources and balance of earth have to be considered. Global warming is one of the most important problems in the present world. Materials development and utilization should be done as shown in the model of double helices. Use of comparatively clean nuclear energies is important. Here we discuss the education about the materials from Japanese viewpoint.
A Fundamental Investigation of Electrochemical Preparation of Battery Grade Nickel Hydroxide
Authors: Ash Baladev , Paramguru Raja Kishore , Mishra Barada Kanta
Published: June 2010

Electrochemical studies on nickel hydroxide have shown that three
reduction reactions take place simultaneously at the cathode to reduce
nitrate to nitrite, nitrite to ammonium ion and nitrate to ammonium
ion. All the three reactions produce hydroxyl ion which raise pH to a
level favorable to precipitate Ni(OH)2. Current density, which
regulates flow of OH- supply, has prominent effect on the process and
products. It determines whether α- or β-Ni(OH)2 would be
precipitated and has a direct relationship with size and structure of the
product and also with the associated water molecules. Replacement of
Ti anode with consumable Ni sheet remarkably improves current
efficiency (production rate) and decreases power consumption.
Deposition of Titania Nanoparticles on the Surface of Acid Treated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shrestha Sabita , Park Chong Yun
Published: June 2010

Titanium dioxide (Titania, TiO2) nanoparticles have been deposited on the surface of acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by simple chemical route. The resultant TiO2/MWCNTs composites were characterized by different techniques. The oxidation of MWCNTs and presence of titania nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEM image shows the size of titania nanoparticles are around 5 nm. Raman spectroscopy showed the oxidation and functionalization of nanotubes. The TGA curve showed decrease in thermal decomposition temperature of MWCNTs after oxidation and attachment with titania nanoparticles.
High-Resolution Dimensional Metrology for Industrial Applications
Authors: Schuldt Thilo , Gohlke Martin , Weise Dennis , Peters Achim , Johann Ulrich , Braxmaier Claus
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we present the current status of our heterodyne interferometer with demonstrated noise levels below 5 pm/Hz in translation and below 10 nrad/Hz in tilt measurement, both for frequencies above 10-2 Hz. The interferometer, based on a highly symmetric design where reference and measurement beam have the same frequency and polarization, utilizes intensity stabilization and phaselock of the heterodyne frequency. Currently, we develop a new enhanced interferometer setup based on a mechanically and thermally highly stable glass ceramic. While the interferometer was developed with respect to the specific requirements of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) space mission, it is also the basis for applications in high-precision dilatometry and industrial metrology. We present a prototype dilatometer with which we measured the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with an accuracy below 10-7/K. For surface property measurements, we develop an actuation of the measurement beam over the surface under investigation.
Development of a Print-Through Phenomenon Measurement System Using the Fringe Reflection Method for the Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Shiou Fang Jung , Chen Hsin Ju , Hsu Chia Hao
Published: June 2010

Precision noncontact measurement of the print-through phenomenon (PTP) of the fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is an urgent problem to be solved in yacht industry, especially for the quantization of the surface roughness and the profile of the yacht surface with PTP. The study presents the development of a surface profile measurement system using a fringe reflection method on a PC-based 3-axis measuring machine. The developed system mainly consists of a PC-based 3-axis machine, a CCD Camera, a programmable liquid crystal display (LCD) as a fringe projector, a screen on which the reflected fringe would be projected, a set of measurement software, and a PC. The surface roughness and the 2D profile of the flat composite specimens with PTP could be measured simultaneously using the fringe reflection method, based on the calibration results. Two-dimensional profile of a specimen with PTP was determined by the triangulation principle. The surface roughness of a test object was determined based on the scattering principle.
Fractal Geometry Surface Modeling and Measurement for Musical Cymbal Surface Texture Design and Rapid Manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Jack , Vas Ananth , Blackmore Denis
Published: June 2010

This paper aims at an equation based simulation, CAD modeling and manufacturing of a fractal surface embedded on a musical cymbal. This study is a proof-of-concept of a new method of complex-surface characterization, design and manufacturing using an equation-based approach. A cymbal shape was chosen to carry the fractal profile because generally most musical cymbals have an inherent broken surface pattern that is created to enhance the resulting musical quality. A fractal surface cymbal model was developed; a point cloud representation of the cymbal was generated from Matlab; a surface model was built and processed in image data processing software Imageware; a solid model was completed in CAD software PRO/E; a rapid prototype of the fractal surface cymbal was fabricated; and MasterCam software was used to generate CNC codes and simulate the CNC machining process. The effect of the variation of the parameters of the equation based surface is also shown by varying the topothesy and fractal parameter of the surface.
High Throughput System for Geometry Inspection of Large-Size Distributed Objects
Authors: Makarov Sergei N. , Verkhogliad Alexander G.
Published: June 2010

he article presents a measurement system designed for “on-line” high throughput simultaneous optical inspection of large set of geometrical parameters (more than 1000 points) defining geometry of some complex surface. The measurement system is based on the distributed network of optical distance sensors. Specialized optical sensor as basic system element was developed for this purpose. Among its features are the following: non-contact measurement, high optical and electromagnetic noise immunity, small footprint, and mass-production oriented. The system allows us to measure up to 1700 linear distance parameters simultaneously in the range of 40mm, with accuracy (3σ) of 0.1 mm and sampling rate of at least 103 Hz.