A modern view on the screening of urolithiasis
Authors:   N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Prosyannikov M.Yu. ,   Moscow, Russia, Voytko D.A. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia, Anokhin N.V. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia, Pavlov E.N. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital; Republic of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Germanov E.V. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital; Republic of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Illarionov O.S. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital; Republic of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Apolikhin O.I. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia, Kaprin A.D. A.D. ,   National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, director of P.A. Herzen Institution, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2022

Introduction. TUrolithiasis is a widespread disease. In 2019 year 889,891 cases of this disease detected in Russia, and the increase in morbidity since 2005 was 35.5%. The share of urolithiasis accounts for up to 50-60% of patients in urological hospitals, often hospitalized for emergency indications. At the same time, there are no specialized questionnaires aimed at identifying risk factors for urolithiasis. The purpose of the work: to study the use of questionnaires for the timely detection of urinary tract stones. Materials and methods. Based on the men's health cabinet of the City hospital No. 1» Cheboksary (Republic of Chuvashia) in 2020-2021, a survey of 700 men aged 40 to 80 years conducted. To form risk groups, a specially designed questionnaire used to identify stones of the urinary system. According to the sum of the Questionnaire scores, 2 groups of patients were formed: low risk (0-1 point) and high risk (2-8 points). To validate the Questionnaire, all respondents, regardless of the amount of points, underwent ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, and patients with detected stones larger than 3 mm and MSCT. Statistical processing of the received material carried out using the computer program Statistics 10.0 and the Microsoft Excel application software package. Results. According to the sum of the Questionnaire scores, 2 groups of patients were formed: low risk (0-1 point) and high risk (2-8 points). Out of 700 respondents, 54 respondents with kidney stones identified: 11 in the low-risk group and 43 in the high-risk group. The total prevalence of urolithiasis in the studied population was 7.7%. With an increase for points, a progressive increase in the average size of concretions from 3.1 mm to 29 mm noted. The developed method of screening urolithiasis by means of a questionnaire has good indicators of sensitivity and specificity: 76.63% and 98.30%, respectively. Conclusion. Urolithiasis screening based on a combined approach using questionnaires and ultrasound can become a simple and affordable method for active detection of urolithiasis, formation and stratification of risk groups. Further research is required to objectify the data.