bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of HER2 tumor accumulations of Ga-67 labeled anti-HER2 antibody with chemically and site-specifically conjugated bifunctional chelators
Authors: Kono Yumiko , Utsunomiya Keita , Ohira Yuta , Satoh Hirokazu , Kan Naoki , Matsumoto Yohei , Tanigawa Noboru
Published: May 2020

Background

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) developed to target specific cancers have achieved considerable success to-date. To further enhance therapeutic efficacy monoclonal antibodies may be conjugated with a cytotoxic drug or radioisotope. We present the development of new method based on site-specific conjugation (SSC) for targeting HER2. The study design involves a comparison of the accumulation of Ga-67 labeled anti-HER2 antibodies with SSC versus conventional chemical conjugation in HER2-positive tumors. Anti-HER2 antibodies were chemically conjugated (Chem) with the bifunctional chelator deferoxamine (Chem-mAb). The resulting chemical conjugate was radiolabeled with Ga-67 yielding Ga-67-Chem -mAb. The SSC anti-HER2 antibodies enzymatically conjugated with deferoxamine using transglutaminase (SSC-mAb) and radiolabeled with Ga-67 yielding Ga-67-SSC-mAb. In vitro, the binding activity of HER2 to both conjugated antibodies was measured using surface Plasmon resonance. In vivo, a xenograft mouse model consisting of transplanted CHO/HER2 were divided into two groups, the Chem and the SSC group. Planar images were acquired over three days after each mAb injection, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis was used to compare the Chem group to the SSC group, for Ga-67 accumulation.
Result

The SSC and Chem groups were found to have similar HER2 binding capacity, however the tumor accumulation ratio gradually increased in the SSC group. The pharmacokinetic studies also found that radiolabeled mAb accumulation was significantly higher in the SSC group than the Chem group in not only the tumors, but also in blood and in other organs.
Conclusion

The new site-specific conjugation may improve targeted antigen-specific cancer radioimmunotherapy and may, due to higher retention, require a lower dose.
Fluid Overload is Associated with Underestimation of Serum Creatinine in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Jin Jifu , Xu Jiarui , Xu Sujuan , Hu Jiachang , Jiang Wuhua , Shen Bo , Wang Chunsheng , Teng Jie , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2020

Background: Fluid overload is related to the development and prognosis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). The study is to investigate the influence of serum creatinine (SCr) corrected by fluid balance on the prognosis of patients with cardiac surgery. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 1334 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery from January 1 to December 31, 2015. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI were applied to identify CSA-AKI. SCr was measured every 24 hours during ICU period and was accordingly adjusted for cumulative fluid balance. Change in SCr, defined as ∆Crea, was determined by difference between before and after adjustment for cumulative fluid balance. All patients were divided as three groups: underestimation group (∆Crea ≥ P 75 ), normal group (P 25 < ∆Crea < P 75 ) and overestimation group (∆Crea ≤ P 25 ). Results: The incidence of AKI increased from 29.5% to 31.8% after adjustment for fluid balance. Patients in underestimation group showed prolonged length of ICU stay compared with normal group and overestimation group (3.2[1.0-3.0] vs 2.1[1.0-3.0] d, P < 0.001; 3.2[1.0-3.0] vs 2.3[1.0-3.0] d, P < 0.001). Length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation dependent days in underestimation group were significantly longer than normal group ( P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed age, baseline SCr and left ventricular ejection fraction were independently associated with underestimation of creatinine. Conclusions: Cumulative fluid balance after cardiac surgery disturbs accurate measurement of serum creatinine. Patients with underestimation of SCr were associated with poor prognosis.
MicroRNA expression analysis for identification of biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease subtypes
Authors: Mandal Manisha , Mandal Shyamapada
Published: May 2020

The potential biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) were analyzed from GSE53867 dataset. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs)-genes and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed, and hub genes selected using Cytoscape. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed for GO and Reactome-pathway. Seven DEMs were upregulated in Crohn's disease (CD), 4 downregulated in ulcerative colitis (UC), 8 upregulated and 2 downregulated in IBD. A 620, 2377, and 1821 target-genes were in CD, UC, and IBD, respectively. SOCS3, upregulated by miR-650, was hub gene in CD, induced by cytokines, through NFKB-signalling pathway to mediate ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. CIRH1A, downregulated by miR-16, was hub gene of UC, acted by impairing ribosome-biogenesis. SKP2 and ASB1, up- and downregulated, by miR-142 and miR-665, respectively, were hub genes of IBD, induced cytokines through activation of TLR- and TNF-signalling pathways to mediate ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. SOCS3, CIRH1A, SKP2 and ASB1 genes might serve as valuable biomarkers to differentiate CD, UC and IBD.
Effect of inspiratory flow waveforms on the mechanical work of ventilation; a fluid dynamic analysis
Authors: Monjezi Mojdeh , Jamaati Hamidreza
Published: May 2020

In most intensive care patients, the mechanical work (MW) is increased due to airway obstruction and/or tracheal intubation. Increasing MW is known as a risk factor for ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Moeover, minimizing of MW is crucial to facilitate weaning process. In this paper MW is compared between three different inspiratory flow waveforms. The fluid dynamic analysis is used to compute the resistive pressure drop and the resistive work. We have compared square, sinusoidal and decelerating flow waveforms under the same tidal volume. The results show that under the constant tidal volume and I:E ratio, for tidal volumes below 1 lit, an square flow profile is beneficial for minimizing MW while a sinusoidal flow profile is prefered for tidal volumes of 1 lit or higher. It is shown that for make a decision about most beneficial flow profile in terms of less MW, both tidal volume and I:E ratio is important. By the way the results suggest to use decelerating flow waveforms with higher 1:E ratio. The qualitative conclusion is that in order to lower the MW especially in patients with obstructive lung diseases, sinusoidal, square and decelerating flow became preferable respectively with increasing I:E ratio. Our study suggest the square and sinusoidal profile for tidal volumes below and equal or over 1 lit, respectively in pointwiew of less MW. This paper also encouraged the engineers to add an option to select sinusoidal flow waveform in VCV mode to lower MW when tidal volume is l lit or higher.
The Horse Gut Microbiome Responds in a Highly Individualized Manner to Forage Lignification
Authors: Gomez Andres , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Grev Amanda , Sheaffer Craig , Martinson Krishona
Published: May 2020

Background: Although contributions of the equine gut microbiome to forage utilization are well recognized, the impact of alfalfa lignification on the equine gut microbiome remains unknown. Here, we characterized microbial community dynamics in the equine distal gut when feeding reduced lignin (RL) and reference alfalfa hays (CON-control) ( Medicago sativa L.) to adult stock-type horses. Hay from RL and CON cultivars were similar in crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and equine digestible energy, but differed in acid detergent lignin content (RL:74 g kg -1 vs. CON: 81 g kg -1 ). Dietary treatments were fed to six horses in a crossover study. Experimental periods consisted of a 9-d dietary adaptation phase followed by a 5-d total fecal collection phase, during which horses were housed in individual box stalls and manure was removed on a continuous 24-h basis. At 12-h intervals, feces were thoroughly mixed, frozen, and used for bacterial community composition analyses via V4, 16S rRNA amplicon MiSeq sequencing.Results: RL alfalfa did not result in specific fecal microbiome composition across all horses. However, upon incorporating individual horse in the model, it was shown that the microbiome of each subject did respond to hay lignin content in an individualized manner over time, in terms of alpha and beta diversity. Closer inspection of specific taxonomic changes upon feeding the two diets also revealed horse-specific trends, with unique amplicon sequence variants classified as Akkermansia , Fibrobacter succinogenes , Treponema, and Paludibacter fluctuating significantly in abundance when RL alfalfa was fed, depending on horse. Along these lines, horse-specific associations between individual gut microbiome traits and characteristics of the digested CON or RL alfalfa were observed, mainly in regards to dry matter digestibility and mean feed particle size.Conclusions: These results indicate that the horse gut microbiome responds in an individualized manner to small changes in the amount of acid detergent lignin in alfalfa hay, potentially impacting several feed digestibility characteristics. The implications of horse-specific responses to forage quality in regards to metabolic health and performance remain to be elucidated.
Depressive symptoms and health service utilization among Chinese middle aged and older adults: A national population-based longitudinal survey
Authors: Guo Jing , Kong Dexia , Zhang Anao , Fang Liming , Zhu Yingxue
Published: May 2020

Background: The prevalence of depressive symptoms has been steadily increasing in recent years, however middle aged and older adults was less likely to use mental health services. The aims of this study were to 1) examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and health services utilization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults; and 2) evaluate whether there exists a rural-urban difference in such relationships. Methods: Data was obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013 and 2015, a nationally representative survey of 13,551 adults aged 45 years and above in China. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and health services utilization in the whole sample, and urban and rural subsamples respectively. Results: Depressive symptoms were positively associated with a greater likelihood of outpatient and inpatient health services utilization. In addition, the relationships between depressive symptoms and health service use were consistent across rural and urban settings, indicating the robustness of such findings across geographic areas. Conclusions: Findings indicate that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with both in-patient and out-patient health service utilization among Chinese adults. Screening for depressive symptoms needs to be incorporated in these care settings in China.
Nomogram for Prediction of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) Grade B/C Posthepatectomy Liver Failure in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: An External Validation and Prospective Application Study
Authors: Ye Jia-zhou , Mai Rong-yun , Guo Wei-xing , Wang Yan-yan , Ma Liang , Xiang Bang-de , Cheng Shu-qun , Li lequn
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTo develop a nomogram for predicting the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) grade B/C posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsPatients initially treated with hepatectomy were included. Univariate regression analysis and stochastic forest algorithm were applied to extract the core indicators and reduce redundancy bias. The nomogram was then constructed by using multivariate logistic regression, and validated in internal and external cohorts, and a prospective clinical application.ResultsThere were 900, 300 and 387 participants in training, internal and external validation cohorts, with the morbidity of grade B/C PHLF were 13.5%, 11.6% and 20.2%, respectively. The nomogram was generated by integrating preoperative total bilirubin, platelet count, prealbumin, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time and standard future liver remnant volume, then achieved good prediction performance in training (AUC = 0.868, 95%CI = 0.808–0.880), internal validation (AUC = 0.868, 95%CI = 0.794–0.916) and external validation cohorts (AUC = 0.820, 95%CI = 0.756–0.861), with well-fitted calibration curves. Negative predictive values were significantly higher than positive predictive values in training cohort (97.6% vs. 33.0%), internal validation cohort (97.4% vs. 25.9%) and external validation cohort (94.3% vs. 41.1%), respectively. Patients who had a nomogram score < 169 or ≧ 169 were considered to have low or high risk of grade B/C PHLF. Prospective application of the nomogram accurately predicted grade B/C PHLF in clinical practise.ConclusionsThe nomogram has a good performance in predicting ISGLS grade B/C PHLF in HBV-related HCC patients and determining appropriate candidates for hepatectomy.
Effects of active gases on droplet transfer and weld morphology in pulsed-current NG-GMAW of mild steel
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Tang Xinhua , Xu Qi , Lu Fenggui , Cui Haichao
Published: May 2020

Small amount of active gases CO 2 and O 2 were added into pure argon inert shielding gas to improve the weld formation of pulsed-current narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) of mild steel. Their effects on droplet transfer and arc behavior were investigated. A high-speed visual sensing system was utilized to observe the metal transfer process and arc morphology. When the proportion of CO 2 , being added into the pure argon shielding gas, changes from 5% to 5%, the metal transfer mode changes from pulsed spray streaming transfer to pulsed projected spray transfer, while it remains the pulsed spray streaming transfer when 2% to 10% O 2 is added. Both CO 2 and O 2 are favorable to stabilizing arc and welding process. O 2 is even more effective than CO 2 . However, O 2 is more likely to cause the inclusion defects in the weld, while CO 2 can improve the weld appearance in some sense. The weld surface concavity, which is sensitive to the formation of lack-of-fusion defect in NG-GMAW, is greatly influenced by the addition of active gas, but the weld width and weld penetration almost keep constant.
Evaluation and validation of technical procedure for foundry coke mechanical strength testing
Authors: Mertas Bartosz , Sobolewski Aleksander , Rozycki Grzegorz
Published: May 2020

Foundry coke is a special type of coke with lumps size usually bigger than 100 mm. Therefore it is difficult to asses its physical properties representatively for whole lot. There exist international standards for coke sampling and testing strength index (usually Micum test). Nevertheless companies dealing with foundry coke notified problems with methodology of sampling and sample preparation for the test. Manual sampling according to ISO 18283 is very labour extensive and with connection with literally proceeding with ISO 566 gives non-representative results for foundry coke +100 mm. For this reason on the basis of these standards there was evaluated procedure for coke sampling and testing strength indexes which is more practical for plant routine use and gives more reliable results in comparison to international standard. This article presents results of work aimed at checking usability of ISO standards provisions for foundry coke testing and evaluation and validation of simplified procedure.
Post-anesthetic equine myelopathy: characterization of neuronal reaction and axonal injury using beta-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry
Authors: Fortin Jessica S , Kramer Joanne , Bukoski Alex D , Kim Dae Y
Published: May 2020

A 2-year-old female Clydesdale horse was anesthetized in dorsal recumbency for an elective surgical procedure to treat osteochondritis dissecans involving the intermediate ridge of the right tibia. Following surgery, the horse lost motor and sensory function in the hind limbs and was unable to stand. The status deteriorated and the horse was euthanized 20 h post-surgery. Histopathologic examination revealed mild to moderate acute myelopathy of the spinal cord between T14 and S3. The lesions were bilateral, with one side being slightly more affected, and more severe in the distal lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments. Immunohistochemistry for beta-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) was compared to other fast axonal transport proteins such as neurofilament heavy protein, synaptophysin, and ubiquitin. In the presented case, the β-APP immunohistochemistry revealed positively-labeled, multiple, segmentally-swollen axons (axonal bulbs) and rarely neurons. The positively-stained areas overlapped with the lesions seen on HE stained slides including areas in which changes were poorly discernible by routine histologic exam. Amongst the fast axonal transport proteins detected via immunohistochemistry, β-APP was considered adequate to use as a potential sensitive biomarker for axonal injury in this case of post-anesthetic myelopathy. β-APP immunohistochemistry may be a useful tool to study and diagnose axonal injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system in veterinary medicine.
A new Syber Green real time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Marinowic D.R. , Zanirati G. , Rodrigues F.V.F. , Grahl M.V.C. , Alcará A.M. , Machado D.C. , Costa J.C. Da
Published: May 2020

Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that etiologic agent of pandemic outbreak is a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. For public health interventions, a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity is required. The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by WHO is the RT-PCR. To detect low viral load and large-scale screening a low-cost diagnostic test becomes necessary. Here we develop a cost-effective test capable of to detect the new coronavirues. We validated an auxiliary protocol for molecular diagnosis with RT-PCR SYBR Green methodology to successfully screen negative cases of SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrated that a set of primers with high specificity, and no homology with other viruses from Coronovideae family or human respiratory tract pathogenic viruses. Optimization of annealing temperature and polymerization time led to an high specificity in the PCR products. We have developed a more affordable and swift methodology for negative SARS-CoV-2 screening. This methodology can be applied on large scale populational to soften panic and economic burden through guidance for isolation strategies.
Covid-19 mortality is associated with test number and government effectiveness
Authors: Liang Li-Lin , Tseng Ching-Hung , Ho Hsiu J. , Wu Chun-Ying
Published: May 2020

Objectives: A question central to the Covid-19 pandemic is why the Covid-19 mortality rate varies so greatly across countries. This study aims to investigate factors associated with cross-country variation in Covid-19 mortality.Methods: Covid-19 mortality rate was calculated as number of deaths per 100 Covid-19 cases. To identify factors associated with Covid-19 mortality rate, a multivariable linear regression model was applied to a cross-sectional dataset comprising 78 countries and 1,790,550 patients infected by Covid-19. We retrieved data from the Worldometer website and the Worldwide Governance Indicators and World Development Indicators databases.Results: Covid-19 mortality rate was negatively associated with Covid-19 test number per 1,000 population (RR=0.97; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, P=0.013) and government effectiveness indicator (RR=0.96; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98, P=0.001). Covid-19 mortality rate was positively associated with number of critical cases per 100 Covid-19 cases, Covid-19 case number per 10,000 population, proportion of population aged 65 or older and proportion of deaths attributable to communicable diseases in previous years (all with P<0.05). Predicted mortality rates were highly associated with observed mortality rates (r = 0.74; P<0.001).Conclusions: Multiple factors were associated with Covid-19 mortality rates. Increasing Covid-19 testing and improving government effectiveness may have the potential to attenuate Covid-19 mortality.Authors Li-Lin Liang and Chun-Ying Wu contributed equally to this work.
Temporal Relationship between Calcium and Fruit Growth and Development in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Mayorga-Gómez Andrés , Nambeesan Savithri U. , Coolong Timothy , Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2020

Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are ranked eighth in value for vegetable production in the United States (USDA-NASS, 2019). Due to the high value of bell peppers, disorders such as blossom-end rot (BER) can cause significant losses in yield by up to 35% for growers. BER is the symptom of a calcium (Ca2+) deficiency that may occur during periods of cell expansion when the supply of Ca2+ may be lower than demand. In this study, we determined the temporal patterns of the fruit Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]) and accumulation in three separate studies under field and greenhouse conditions. In the three experiments, [Ca2+] during fruit development showed varied patterns: it remained constant, decreased transiently during the cell expansion phase, or displayed a more gradual sustained decrease. However, in the three experiments, fruit Ca2+ accumulation increased during development as fruit size increased. In two experiments, the distal part of the fruit had lower [Ca2+] than the proximal end. However, there was no correlation between [Ca2+] in various fruit sections with BER incidence. Seeds and placental tissue had increased [Ca2+] and several other macro- and micronutrients; this spatial distribution of Ca2+ coupled with subcellular Ca2+ distribution should be explored in future studies. The temporal pattern of Ca2+ accumulation in this study suggests that fruit Ca2+ uptake continues throughout fruit development. Therefore, Ca2+ application during bloom and early fruit development may prevent or minimize Ca2+ deficiency disorders in bell pepper.
Feministic Analysis of Shauna Singh Baldwin’s selected stories in English Lessons and Other Stories
Authors: Ranaware Ravindra
Published: May 2020

The present paper aims at exploration of Shauna Singh Baldwin’s specific technique implemented to present women predicament in selected stories from feministic point of view. The feministic point of view has developed out of a movement for equal rights and chances for women society. The present search is based on analytical and interpretative methods. Shauna Singh Baldwin is a writer of short fiction, poetry, novels and essays. Her ‘English Lessons and Other Stories’ explores the predicament of earlier neglected women of Sikh community by putting them in the context of globalization, immigration to West and consumerism at Indian modern society. “Montreal 1962” presents a Sikh wife’s attachment, love, determination, struggles and readiness to do anything for survival in Canada where her husband is threatened to remove his turban and cut his hair short to get the job. “Simran” presents the story of sacrifice of individual desire by a young Sikh girl because of her mother’s fundamentalist attitude. The title of story “English Lessons” presents injustice to an Indian woman who has married to an American, who compels her to become a prostitute and a source of his earnings in the States. The fourth selected story “Jassie” tells us about the timely need of religious tolerance in the file of an Indian immigrant old woman. Being a feminist writer, though Baldwin has never claimed directly to be, she has very skillfully presented the issues of feminism through her own technique of presentation. She has used technique of presenting absence or opposite to highlight it indirectly. Thus, true to her technique, though not explicitly declared, Baldwin is one of the feminist writers who skillfully deals with feminine concerns.
Detección de los genes phlD y hcnC en bacterias antagonistas productoras de sideróforos asociadas a Rubus fruticosus L.
Authors: Santoyo Gustavo , Hernández-Flores Benjamín , Hernández Salmerón Julie , Rojas Solís Daniel , Contreras-Pérez Miguel , Loaeza-Lara Pedro D. , Orozco-Mosqueda Ma. del Carmen
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las plantas albergan un microbioma que incluye bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, las cuales pueden fungir como agentes biológicos que antagonizan el crecimiento de fitopatógenos, disminuyendo o eliminando su efectos nocivos en plantas. En este trabajo se evaluó la presencia de los genes antifúngicos phlD y hcnC con la producción de sideróforos (agentes quelantes de Fe) en bacterias aisladas de la endósfera y rizósfera de plantas de zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus L.).Método: Se analizaron 410 aislados bacterianos asociados a plantas de zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus L.), provenientes de la rizósfera (205) y endosfera (205) para la detección de los genes antimicrobianos phlD y hcnC por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y posterior secuenciación. La búsqueda de los genes se realizó únicamente en cepas productoras de sideróforos, utilizando el medio CAS (Cromo Azurol) para su producción. De las cepas seleccionadas, se realizaron los bioensayos de antagonismo contra los patógenos de plantas Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani y Rhizoctonia solani.Resultados: Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que, de los 410 aislados bacterianos analizados (50% rizosféricos y 50% endófitos), 70 aislados fueron productores de sideróforos (24 rizosféricas y 46 endófitas). Se observó que el 70% (49/70) de las cepas productoras de sideróforos, presentaron uno o dos de los genes phlD y/o hcnC. Las secuencias nucleotídicas de los genes phlD y/o hcnC mostraron una alta identidad con genes homólogos a las especies Pseudomonas sp., P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, P. protegens, P. putida y P. brassicacearum. La abundancia del gen hcnC fue mayor en los aislados endófitos y rizosféricos (36/70), con respecto al gen phlD (13/70). Se detectaron mayoritariamente los genes phlD y/o hcnC en cepas aisladas de la endósfera (43/70), comparado con aquellas cepas rizosféricas (6/70). Finalmente, se observó una alta relación entre la producción de sideróforos, la presencia de genes phlD y/o hcnC y la actividad antagónica hacia los fitopatógenos Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani.Conclusión: Estos resultados muestran el potencial de identificar de forma rápida, eficiente y a bajo costo, mecanismos de antagonismo hacia fitópatógenos en bacterias asociadas a plantas de zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus L.), tales como la producción de sideróforos.
Desempeño de una Oficina de Transferencia de Tecnología en el contexto de gestión de patentes: Estudio de caso de la OTT de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Authors: Lima Antonio Solís , Ovando Catalina , Olivera Pérez Emmanuel , Rodríguez Lozada Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Con la finalidad de detonar la transferencia de conocimiento, el gobierno mexicano, ha establecido la política pública de la creación de Oficinas de Transferencia de Tecnología (OTT); sin embargo, esta política ha mostrado ser ineficaz debido a la inconsistencia en la permanencia de la mayoría de las OTT mexicanas. A pesar de esto, existen algunas OTT que han sobresalido; tal es el caso de la OTT de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (OTT-BUAP) que fue establecida  en el 2011. Dicha oficina ha posicionado a esta universidad en los primeros lugares a nivel nacional en el contexto de generación de patentes, razón  para que esta OTT haya sido el objeto de análisis de este estudio para dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta de esta investigación: ¿Cómo ha logrado la OTT-BUAP posicionarse dentro de las mejores OTT en México, en el ámbito de gestión de patentes, durante el periodo 2011-2018?El objetivo general de esta investigación es contribuir al conocimiento del especialista en transferencia y comercialización de tecnología que se dedica a la gestión de las OTT Universitarias. En cuanto a la revisión de la literatura, se encontró que este tema relacionado con el desempeño de las OTT mexicanas en el ámbito de gestión de patentes ha sido poco estudiado, por lo cual se justifica esta investigación.Método: Esta investigación se considera de tipo exploratorio, cualitativo,  descriptivo y transversal, la cual consistió en aplicar la metodología del estudio del caso a la OTT-BUAP, basándose en seis proposiciones formuladas a partir de fuentes secundarias.Resultados: Se halló que de los procesos de protección de propiedad intelectual, consultoría, licenciamiento y la creación de spinoffs, solo el proceso de protección de propiedad intelectual es el que se encuentra en etapa de maduración en dicha OTT. También, se halló que la OTT-BUAP cuenta con un equipo experto en la redacción de patentes, el cual fue contratado específicamente, para la creación e impulso de dicha OTT.Discusión o Conclusión: Según los resultados encontrados en esta investigación, la razón por la que la OTT-BUAP se ha posicionado dentro de las mejores OTT en México en el periodo 2011-2018, se debe, en gran medida, a que cuenta con un proceso de patentamiento eficaz, basado en una normativa equitativa en la repartición de regalías apoyado en un plan estratégico de incentivos para motivar a los investigadores a proteger los resultados de sus investigaciones. Dicho proceso fue diseñado y gestionado por un investigador proveniente del Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial, experto en protección de la propiedad intelectual, contratado por la BUAP, específicamente, para conformar un equipo de trabajo profesional para la redacción de patentes y otras tareas relacionadas con la transferencia y comercialización de la tecnología proveniente de la BUAP.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidines
Authors: Yousif Mahmoud N.M. , El-Gazzar Abdel-Rahman B.A. , El-Enany Mervat M.
Published: May 2020

There are four types of pyridopyrimidines namely pyrido[2,3-d], pyrido[3,4-d], pyrido[
4,3-d]pyrimidines, and pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines. Different methods of preparation of pyrido[2,3-
d]pyrimidines are summarized. Synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines can be from pyrimidines derivatives
or pyridine derivatives. We can start from pyrimidine derivatives and build a pyridine ring.
5,7-Diphenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3 and 4 were obtained by the reaction of 6-aminouracil (1)
with α,β-unsaturated ketone. 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyluracil 10 was reacted with an equimolar amount
of Mannich bases 11a-c under an atmosphere of nitrogen to give pyridopyrimidines 14a-c via the
formation of the intermediates 12a-c & 13a-c. 4-Benzylamino derivative 19 could be converted to
pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 20 by the reaction with dimethylformamide/ dimethylacetal. In
the same way, we can start from pyridine derivatives and build a pyrimidine ring. Different reported
biological activities of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines are discussed e.g. selective adenosine kinase inhibitors,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and herbicides, selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase
activities of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
(VEGF) receptors.
Conduction Disorders: The Value of Surface ECG
Authors: da Silva Rose M.F.L. , de Souza Maciel Alessandra
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review:

The purpose of the current mini-review is to describe the
importance of surface ECG for the diagnosis of conduction disorder.

Methods:

The MEDLINE/PubMed database was used, with the keywords "ECG" and "conduction
disorders"; over the past 10 years. Other documents were included because of their relevance.

Main findings:

Data on the anatomy and function of the cardiac electrical system have been
described. Conduction disorders including sinus node dysfunction, atrioventricular blocks, intraventricular
conduction disorders are exposed as to their epidemiology, etiology, presentation, anatomical
site of impaired conduction of the electrical stimulus. The importance of ECG in patients
with a cardiac implantable electronic device was also discussed, in addition to future perspectives.

Conclusion:

Surface ECG allows the diagnosis of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction
disorder and its anatomical block site most of the time, without the need for invasive tests such as
electrophysiological study. Dysfunctions of cardiac implantable electronic devices can be diagnosed
by ECG, as well as the prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
The Crystal Structures of Thermomyces (Humicola) Lanuginosa Lipase in Complex with Enzymatic Reactants
Authors: McPherson Alexander , Larson Steven B. , Kalasky Andrew
Published: May 2020

Aim:

To understand the details of the action of fungal lipase and the mechanism for its observed
interfacial activation.

Background:

Fungal lipase, crucial to biotechnology, functions at the lipid - water interface where it
undergoes a poorly understood interfacial activation. Biochemical factors influencing its activation
and inhibition are also poorly understood. This study provides a basis for its activity and a plausible
mechanism for interfacial activation.

Objective:

To determine the structures of fungal lipase in different crystal forms in complex with
their enzymatic reactants and inhibitors.

Method:

X-ray crystallography.

Results:

Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase was visualized in three crystal forms, of space groups H32,
P21 and I222 at 1.3 to 1.45 Å resolution. Rhombohedral crystals have one molecule, lacking segment
241 to 252, as an asymmetric unit, with molecules organized as two trimers. Monoclinic crystals’
asymmetric unit is six intact molecules organized as two, nearly identical trimers, each exhibiting an
NCS threefold axis. The “lid” helix was consistently closed. Oligomerization into trimers creates an
internal hydrophobic cavity where catalysis occurs. In monoclinic and orthorhombic crystals, active
site serines were esterified to fatty acids. Lipase had bound within their trimeric, hydrophobic cavities
1,3-diacylglycerols with fatty acid chain lengths of about 18 carbons.

Conclusions:

Results suggest trimers are likely the active form of the enzyme at the lipid-water interface.
Formation of trimers may provide an explanation for “interfacial activation”.
Enhanced Ofloxacin Degradation Efficiency on Porous CeTi2O6 Photocatalyst - CTAB Induced Porosity
Authors: Yang Lili , Li Chuanguo , Zhang Wenjie
Published: May 2020

Background:

Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in the environment is being studied
for more than half a century. Titanate has the activity on the degradation of organic pollutants under UV light
illumination. Template directed sol-gel method is capable of producing porous structure in titanate during
high temperature thermal treatment.

Methods:

The materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, surface area and pore size analyses, UV-Visible spectrometry, and Xray
photoelectron spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the CeTi2O6 material was evaluated through ofloxacin
degradation.

Results:

Brannerite structured CeTi2O6 was the major component in the samples, and the addition of CTAB
caused a slight growth of CeTi2O6 crystals. Porous structure formed in the porous sample after the removal
of CTAB template, and the surface area and pore volume were greatly enlarged. The first order reaction rate
constant for photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin was 9.60×10-3 min-1 on the nonporous CeTi2O6 sample,
and it was as large as 2.44×10-2 min-1 on the porous CeTi2O6 sample. The addition of CTAB can influence
the physico-chemical properties of the porous CeTi2O6, such as the improved activity on photocatalytic degradation
of ofloxacin.

Conclusion:

The CeTi2O6 samples composed of majority brannerite CeTi2O6, and CeTi2O6 crystallite
sizes for the nonporous and porous samples were 38.1 and 43.2 nm. The burning up of CTAB
during calcination produced abundant pores in the porous material. After 50 min of reaction, photocatalytic
degradation efficiencies on the nonporous and porous CeTi2O6 samples were 38.1% and
70.5%.
Integrative Analysis of miRNA-mediated Competing Endogenous RNA Network Reveals the lncRNAs-mRNAs Interaction in Glioblastoma Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Zhang Cheng , Li Mi , Yu Xinguang , Liu Hailong , Chen Qi , Wang Jian , Shen Shaopin , Jiang Jingjing
Published: May 2020

Background:

Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play a pivotal role in
tumor diagnosis and progression. Numerous studies have explored the functional landscape and
prognostic significance of ceRNA interaction within differentiated tumor cells.

Objective:

We propose a new perspective by exploring ceRNA networks in the process of
glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) differentiation.

Methods:

In this study, expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were compared between GSCs
and differentiated glioblastoma cells. Using a comprehensive computational method, miRNAmediated
and GSC differentiation-associated ceRNA crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNAs was
identified. A ceRNA network was then established to select potential candidates that regulate GSC
differentiation.

Results:

Based on the specific ceRNA network related to GSC differentiation, we identified lnc
MYOSLID: 11 as a ceRNA that regulated the expression of the downstream gene PXN by
competitively binding with hsa-miR-149-3p. After Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis, the
expression of PXN gene (PPXN = 0.0015) and lnc MYOSLID: 11 (PMYOSLID: 11=0.041) showed
significant correlation with glioblastoma in 160 patients from TCGA.

Conclusion:

This result sheds light on a potential way of studying the ceRNA network, which can
provide clues for developing new diagnostic methods and finding therapeutic targets for clinical
treatment of glioblastoma.
Possible Protective Effects of Curcumin via Modulating of Androgen Receptor (AR) and Oct2 Gene Alterations in Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rat
Authors: Fard Amin A. , Samadi Mahrokh , Biabangard Abdolrahman
Published: May 2020

Background:

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat testicular cancer that induces
testicular toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of androgens, androgen receptor,
and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) in the protective effects of curcumin on cisplatininduced
testicular toxicity.

Methods:

Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: 1- control (normal saline, 0.5 ml ip,
daily for 10 consecutive days); 2- cisplatin (10 mg/kg ip, single dose at the first day); 3- cisplatin +
curcumin (10 mg/kg ip, dissolved in 5% DMSO, daily for 10 consecutive days); 4- cisplatin + vehicle
(DMSO 5%, 0.3 ml ip); and 5- curcumin (10 mg/kg ip). At the end of the study, a blood sample was
obtained for testosterone measurement. The left testis was kept at -80 to measure androgen receptor
(AR) and type 2 organic cation transporter (OCT2) gene expression and the right testis were kept in
10% formalin for histological analysis.

Results:

Cisplatin significantly decreased serum testosterone, declined testis AR gene expression, and
increased OCT2 gene expression in testis (p<0.01). Curcumin treatment significantly prevented these
alterations in testosterone and gene expressions (p<0.01). Moreover, curcumin significantly reversed
the cisplatin-induced kidney tissue injury and increased spermatid and spermatozoa.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the ameliorative effect of curcumin in cisplatin-induced reproductive
disorders was due to the modulation of testosterone and androgen receptors.
In situ Generated 212Pb-PSMA Ligand in a 224Ra-Solution for Dual Targeting of Prostate Cancer Sclerotic Stroma and PSMA-positive Cells
Authors: Stenberg Vilde Y. , Juzeniene Asta , Bruland Øyvind S. , Larsen Roy H.
Published: May 2020

Background:

New treatments combating bone and extraskeletal metastases are needed for
patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The majority of metastases overexpress
prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), making it an ideal candidate for targeted radionuclide
therapy.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to test a novel liquid 224Ra/212Pb-generator for the rapid preparation
of a dual-alpha targeting solution. Here, PSMA-targeting ligands are labelled with 212Pb in the
224Ra-solution in transient equilibrium with daughter nuclides. Thus, natural bone-seeking 224Ra targeting
sclerotic bone metastases and 212Pb-chelated PSMA ligands targeting PSMA-expressing tumour
cells are obtained.

Methods:

Two PSMA-targeting ligands, the p-SCN-Bn-TCMC-PSMA ligand (NG001), specifically
developed for chelating 212Pb, and the most clinically used DOTA-based PSMA-617 were labelled with
212Pb. Radiolabelling and targeting potential were investigated in situ, in vitro (PSMA-positive C4-2
human prostate cancer cells) and in vivo (athymic mice bearing C4-2 xenografts).

Results:

NG001 was rapidly labelled with 212Pb (radiochemical purity >94% at concentrations of ≥15
μg/ml) using the liquid 224Ra/212Pb-generator. The high radiochemical purity and stability of [212Pb]Pb-
NG001 were demonstrated over 48 hours in the presence of ascorbic acid and albumin. Similar binding
abilities of the 212Pb-labelled ligands were observed in C4-2 cells. The PSMA ligands displayed comparable
tumour uptake after 2 hours, but NG001 showed a 3.5-fold lower kidney uptake than PSMA-
617. Radium-224 was not chelated and, hence, showed high uptake in bones.

Conclusion:

A fast method for the labelling of PSMA ligands with 212Pb in the 224Ra/212Pb-solution
was developed. Thus, further in vivo studies with dual tumour targeting by alpha-particles are warranted.
Pathogenese van Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infecties bij het varken en het belang ervan voor vaccinontwikkeling
Authors: Van den Wyngaert G. , De Bruyne E. , Boyen F. , Pasmans F. , Haesebrouck F.
Published: May 2020

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae veroorzaakt besmettelijke pleuropneumonie bij varkens. Een van de eerste stappen in de pathogenese van deze longaandoening is de adhesie van de kiem aan het epitheel van de diepere ademhalingswegen en longalveolen. Hierbij komen onder andere type IV-fimbriae tussen. Transferrine-bindende proteïnen spelen een rol bij ijzeropname door de kiem, wat noodzakelijk is voor haar vermeerdering. De karakteristieke hemorragische tot necrotiserende longletsels ontstaan voornamelijk door de productie van Apx-toxinen. A. pleuropneumoniae kan het immuunsysteem van de gastheer omzeilen door biofilmvorming en door de productie van proteasen, Apx-toxinen en ammoniak. Antistoffen tegenover het lipoproteïne PalA kunnen het verloop van een infectie met A. pleuropneumoniae verergeren en het beschermend vermogen tegenwerken van antistoffen tegenover Apx-toxinen. Een goede kennis van de kiemgastheerinteracties kan leiden tot de ontwikkeling van efficiënte vaccins. De bescherming na vaccinatie met bacterins, zoals autovaccins, is serotype-specifiek en wisselvallig. Dit laatste kan te wijten zijn aan variabele hoeveelheden PalA in het vaccin. Tot nu toe werden de beste resultaten bekomen met een experimenteel vaccin dat zowel type IV-fimbriae, transferrine-bindende proteïnen als Apx-toxinen bevatte.
Polytetrafluorethyleen-intoxicatie bij vogels
Authors: Caekebeke N. , Antonissen G. , De Backer P. , Croubels S.
Published: May 2020

Polytetrafluorethyleen is een uniek polymeer dat tal van toepassingen kent in het dagelijkse leven. Bij thermale degradatie van dit polymeer, beter bekend onder de merknaam Teflon®, ontstaan echter toxische gassen en ultrafijne partikels die intoxicatie kunnen veroorzaken bij zowel mens als dier. De samenstelling en toxiciteit van deze degradatieproducten zijn sterk afhankelijk van de specifieke omstandigheden op het moment van afbraak. De klinische symptomen en letsels zijn zeer verschillend naargelang de diersoort. Vogels blijken uitermate gevoelig te zijn en een intoxicatie resulteert meestal in sterfte. De voornaamste bron van polytetrafluorethyleenintoxicatie bij gezelschapsvogels is het oververhitten van anti-aanbaklagen in kookgerei. Aangezien de diagnose en behandeling vaak te laat komen, moet de nadruk liggen op preventie.
Risico op colistineresistentie neemt toe
Authors: Callens B. , Haesebrouck F. , Dewulf J. , Boyen F. , Butaye P. , Catry B. , Wattiau P. , De Graef E.
Published: May 2020

In een recent artikel uit China werd overdraagbare resistentie tegen colistine beschreven die gevonden werd bij Escherichia (E. coli) bekomen uit voedselproducerende dieren, vlees en ziekenhuispatiënten (Liu et al., 2015). Heel recent werd deze resistentie onder meer ook gevonden in Denemarken, Frankrijk, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en België. Colistine wordt beschouwd als een van de laatste behandelopties tegen multiresistente bacteriën in de humane gezondheidszorg, voornamelijk bij patiënten met mucoviscidose. Alertheid voor colistineresistentie is geboden en het nieuwe resistentiemechanisme dient zorgvuldig te worden opgespoord bij dier- en mensgerelateerde bacteriën.
Gastro-intestinale Clostridium perfringens-infecties: een blijvend gevaar in de Belgische rundveehouderij
Authors: Valgaeren B. , Goossens E. , Verherstraeten S. , Gille L. , Van Driessche L. , Van Immerseel F. , Ducatelle R. , Deprez P. , Pardon B.
Published: May 2020

De intensivering van de moderne landbouw wordt geassocieerd met een toename van Clostridium perfringens-gerelateerde, gastro-intestinale problemen bij intensief gevoede runderen, zoals “hemorrhagic bowel disease” bij hoogproductief melkvee en enterotoxemie bij kalveren. Waar de pathogenese van hemorrhagic bowel disease nog grotendeels ongekend is, werden er de laatste jaren nieuwe inzichten in de pathogenese van enterotoxemie bekomen die een belangrijke repercussie op de aanpak van deze ziekte onder praktijkomstandigheden hebben. Ook andere clostridiumgeassocieerde maagdarminfecties, zoals “overeating disease” en neonatale clostridiose, worden regelmatig gediagnosticeerd. Overvoedering met structuurarme, eiwitrijke voeders is een overkoepelende risicofactor bij zowel HBD, enterotoxemie als overeating disease. Een goed uitgebalanceerd dieet dat zo stabiel mogelijk gehouden wordt, is dan ook het belangrijkste aandachtspunt op bedrijven die problemen hebben met clostridiose. Daarnaast dient bij jonge kalveren voldoende aandacht gegeven te worden aan een correcte en hygiënische biestverstrekking om problemen met neonatale clostridiose te vermijden.
Malignant lymphoma of the urethra in a cat
Authors: Martin-Bellido V. , Rodriguez-Piñeiro I. , Herrtage M. , Salgüero-Fernández R.
Published: May 2020

A thirteen-year-old, neutered, female Domestic Shorthair (DSH) was referred to the hospital with a suspicion of traumatic uroabdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed free peritoneal fluid and cellular infiltration of the urethra, kidneys, abdominal lymph nodes and cecal wall. Analysis of the free fluid confirmed the presence of uroabdomen. Cytology of the infiltrative lesions in the kidneys, urethra and lymph nodes confirmed the presence of multicentric malignant lymphoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of lymphomatous infiltration of the urethra in a cat.
О возможности интерференции Рамсея в германии, легированном мелкими примесями
Authors: Цыпленков В.В. , Шастин В.Н.
Published: May 2020

Dynamics of creation and distraction of coherent states resonantly excited by pair of laser pulses following each other with temporal delay in germanium crystal doped with shallow impurities has been theoretically considered. The power of excited radiation, lattice tempera-ture and limit permissible of inhomogeneous line broadening that necessary to observe of Ramsey interference in such system have been estimated.
Two New Varieties of Earthworms with a Key to Described Species in Illinois
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

The collections of earthworms made by the writer in 1895 at Havana, Illinois, for the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, contain specimens of an undescribed form which closely resembles Helodrilus (Bimastus) gieseleri (Ude) and is here described as a variety of that species.