bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM DARURAT COVID DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Rosmana Primanita Sholihah , Iskandar Sofyan , Pitaloka Fasya Amalia , Ridho Wardani Muhammad Rosyad , Salsabila Nisrina Fairuz
Published: June 2022

Abstract- The implementation of the COVID-19 emergency curriculum has a learning policy, namely a policy from home. Policies from home (online) create new challenges for all aspects and in every circle. Teachers, students, and parents must adjust to the current situation and situation. Several problems arise due to the implementation of the policy, including the ability of teachers to use technology, inadequate facilities, and lack of enthusiasm from students. To prove this problem, research is needed to analyze the problem. This study uses quantitative research by collecting data using questionnaires, from filling out the questionnaire it is hoped that it can become a forum for the aspirations of students, teachers, lecturers, and the community to express opinions regarding the implementation of the COVID-19 emergency curriculum. The results show that there is a significant impact on the learning process at home. They said that studying at home was less concentrated than studying at school. In addition, the readiness of teachers to teach online is lacking, especially for senior teachers who cannot apply technology in learning. So that learning at home cannot be carried out optimally.

Abstrak- Penerapan kurikulum darurat covid-19 mempunyai kebijakan belajar, yaitu kebijakan dari rumah. Kebijakan dari rumah (daring) membuat tantangan baru bagi seluruh aspek dan di setiap kalangan. Guru, peserta didik, dan orang tua harus menyesuaikan keadaan dan situasi pada saat ini. Beberapa persoalan timbul karena penerapan kebijakan tersebut, diantaranya kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan teknologi, fasilitas yang tidak memadai, dan semangat yang kurang dari peserta didik. Untuk membuktikan persoalan itu diperlukannya penelitian untuk menganalisis permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, dari pengisian kuesioner tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu wadah aspirasi peserta didik, guru, dosen, dan masyarakat untuk menyampaikan pendapat mengenai penerapan kurikulum darurat covid. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat dampak yang signifikan terhadap proses pembelajaran di rumah. Mereka menyebutkan konsentrasi belajar di rumah kurang dibandingkan belajar di sekolah. Selain itu, kesiapan guru dalam mengajar secara online kurang, khususnya bagi guru senior yang tidak bisa dalam pengaplikasian teknologi di dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga pembelajaran di rumah tidak bisa dilaksanakan secara optimal.
Climatography of the region of Rakovník with regard to the economic activity
Authors: Žižková Eva
Published: June 2022

The present paper represents an attempt to evaluate the climate on the basis of data already published before. Besides the general characterization of climate (classification into the climatic types), the conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness and wind are analysed more in detail. There are used the climatic characteristics relating to the economic activities of man in the territory under study (Central-West Bohemia).
Water storages of the Earth
Authors: Kříž Hubert
Published: June 2022

This article contains information on size, surface distribution and time changes of water storages of the Earth. It deals with survey of former and contemporaneous knowledge of water volume which forms the whole hydrosphere as well as its individual components on continents and in the world ocean.
ОЦІНКА СТАНУ КЛІТИННОГО ТА ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ЛЮДИНИ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ПРЕПАРАТУ ЕСБЕРІТОКС НА ФОНІ ВАКЦИНАЦІЇ ВІД SARS-COV-2
Authors: Kurchenko A. , Fedoruk G. , Savchenko V.
Published: June 2022

Мета дослідження – вивчення впливу препарату Есберітокс на гуморальну (за рівнем сумарних антитіл та кількісному виявленню IgG до Spike-антигену коронавірусу SARS-CoV-2) та клітинну (за визначенням фенотипів популяцій лімфоцитів CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD19, CD45 з оцінкою експресії активуючих CD314(NKG2D) та інгібуючих CD94(NKG2A) рецепторів на NK-клітинах та Т-лімфоцитах) ланки імунної системи до вакцинації і після отримання першої дози вакцини.

Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 30 клінічно здорових добровольців (з поінформованою згодою на обстеження та застосування препарату Есберітокс), що не хворіли на COVID19 на протязі 3 місяців до моменту входження в проєкт дослідження, які приймали Есберітокс, і за відповідними критеріями відібраними для контрольної групи – 20 клінічно здорових людей. Дослідження проводили тричі: за три дні до вакцинації – перед початком прийому Есберітоксу, безпосередньо перед вакцинацією, та перед другою вакцинацією – через 21 день після отримання першої дози вакцини.

Результати дослідження. Вживання препарату Есберітокс за вибраною схемою стимулює вироблення специфічних антитіл до Ковід-19 у випадку нормалізації кількості В-клітин, та є імуномодулятором, що впливає на регуляторні активуючі CD314(NKG2D) та інгібуючі CD94(NKG2A) рецептори.

Висновки. Проведене дослідження показало, що препарат Есберітокс, призначений як імуномодулятор, в процесі вакцинації стимулює вироблення специфічних антитіл до COVID-19 у випадку нормалізації кількості В-клітин. Препарат Есберітокс здатен впливати на регуляторні активуючі та інгібуючі рецептори NK- та Т-клітин, які приймають важливу участь у неспецифічному клітинному захисті проти коронавірусу SARS-CoV-2 та може бути застосований у схемах імунореабілітації постковідного синдрому у імунокомпроментованих пацієнтів.
A Hybrid Model for Decision Making Utilizing TFNs and Soft Sets as Tools
Authors: Voskoglou Michael Gr.
Published: June 2022

Decision making is the process of evaluating multiple alternatives to choose the one satisfying in the best way the existing goals. Frequently, however, the boundaries of those goals and/or of the existing constraints are not sharply defined due to the various forms of uncertainty appearing in the corresponding problems. Since the classical methods cannot be applied in such cases, several methods for decision making under fuzzy conditions have been proposed. In this work a new hybrid decision making method is developed utilizing triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) and soft sets as tools, which improves an earlier method of Maji, Roy and Biswas, which uses soft sets only. The importance of this improvement is illustrated by an application concerning the decision for the purchase of a house satisfying in the best possible way the goals put by the candidate buyer.
Using an Integrated Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Topsis Methodology for Personnel Selection and Promotion
Authors: Nalbant Kemal Gökhan
Published: June 2022

Promotion is an organizational procedure. Education, experience, and personal qualities are crucial requirements for individuals to be promoted. Their characteristics determine the promotion-eligible employee's approach to the job and compatibility with coworkers. This research employs an integrated Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) - Interval Type-2 (IT2) Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology to identify the most competent individuals for promotion. Using this methodology, the ranking of individuals for a case study in Turkey is calculated. The CFPR technique calculates the weight of the criteria stated by experts in our most recent research [1]. Then, the IT2 Fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to determine the order of options using IT2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Thus, the best competent candidate for promotion is selected. Thus, managers and human resources departments may assess and promote employees rapidly.
Developing classroom mediation awareness and skills in pre-service language teacher education
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Perevertkina Marina
Published: June 2022

The introduction of mediation as the fourth mode of communication into the CEFR has the potential to revolutionise language teaching. The development of teachers’ competence in this area has become a challenge for teacher training. The paucity of curricula and courses aimed at developing pre-service teachers’ awareness and competence in mediating communication has motivated this research, and the article is intended to serve two main purposes, namely, to identify mediation activities performed by in-service teachers and to outline strategies of training preservice teachers. Research methodology included both qualitative analysis of 15 video-recorded lesson transcripts and quantitative analysis of a survey of 100 pre-service teachers of English in Russia. The lessons by Russian in-service teachers of English were analyzed to find evidence of classroom mediation and the survey was conducted to discover their familiarity with the CEFR and to elicit their views on the changes needed in teacher training after the appearance of the CEFR Companion Volume. The results indicate that communicating ideas and concepts lies at the core of classroom interaction, and thus special training is needed for language teachers to perform it. The practical implications of this study include a sample of piloted tasks for various proficiency levels aimed at facilitating the pre-service teachers’ awareness of mediation and the ability to perform it in the classroom.
Interpretation of the CEFR Companion Volume for developing rating scales in Cuban higher education
Authors:   University of Bremen, Harsch Claudia
Published: June 2022

Considering the need for improving English proficiency among Cuban university graduates, the Ministry of Higher Education (MES) implemented a new policy for teaching, learning and assessment of English proficiency. The policy adopted the CEFR (Council of Europe [CoE] 2001) as a proficiency framework, with the level B1 as the targeted attainment level. The CEFR needed to be adapted to suit the local context while operating within an internationally recognised framework. In 2017, the development of a valid and reliable proficiency exam was initiated. This work has been carried out by a network of Cuban teachers of English within the MES, coordinated by the University of Informatics Sciences, Havana, in collaboration with the University of Bremen, Germany. This article is a practice report of the process of developing rating scales for writing as part of the new exam. We explore the feasibility of using the CEFR Companion Volume (CEFR/CV; CoE 2018) descriptors as a basis for developing localised rating scales. Moreover, we describe the challenges faced during the process, which included creating more specific descriptors for the CEFR ‘plus’ levels (CoE 2001: 32, 181). Our insights show how the CEFR/CV (CoE 2018) descriptors can be adapted and how adaptation challenges can be overcome.
A veces es un linfoma cardíaco
Authors: Alonso Ángela , Hernández Paula , Cobo Manuel , Ruano Javier , Zarauza Manuel Jesús
Published: June 2022

Los tumores cardíacos primarios son infrecuentes y el linfoma cardíaco primario representa apenas el 1% de todos los tumores primarios. El diagnóstico de certeza sólo se alcanza mediante la confirmación histológica y su pronóstico es pobre.
Recomendaciones para la evaluación de la función diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo: enfoque actualizado
Authors: Fernández Fernández Laura , Lahuerta Martínez Iñaki
Published: June 2022

La evaluación ecocardiográfica de la función diastólica y de las presiones de llenado del ventrículo izquierdo es un aspecto fundamental en pacientes que se presentan con disnea o síntomas de insuficiencia cardíaca. La utilización de todos los parámetros recomendados es extensa, y las nuevas guías apuestan por un nuevo algoritmo diagnóstico. En este artículo se ha concretado las mediciones que siempre hay que realizar y se muestra la estrategia de su utilización, que es aplicable a la mayoría de las patologías. También se comenta la utilización de otros parámetros menos frecuentemente usados, pero que han demostrado utilidad en patologías concretas.
Infección por Salmonella de aneurisma ventricular izquierdo y trombo mural
Authors: Huertas Sergio , Melendo-Viu María , Fernández Sagrario , Jiménez Carmen , Sánchez Violeta
Published: June 2022

Se trata de un caso de infección por Salmonella de un trombo mural asociado a un aneurisma del ventrículo izquierdo. Es un caso poco frecuente en el que se muestra la utilidad de la tomografía computariza cardíaca en la valoración anatómica de las complicaciones de la endocarditis mural.
Patología pericárdica. Reto diagnóstico y terapéutico en la era de la imagen cardíaca multimodal a propósito de un caso
Authors: Morr Carlos Igor , Carvajal José Julián , Bustos Ana , Gómez de Diego José Juan , Pérez de Isla Leopoldo
Published: June 2022

El pericardio está formado por dos capas: el pericardio visceral, constituido por una sola capa de células mesoteliales, elastina y colágeno, adherido a la superficie epicárdica del corazón, y una capa parietal avascular y con amplia red de fibras de colágeno. En el ser humano esta fina estructura llega a medir normalmente hasta 2 mm de espesor. Su función es fundamentalmente mecánica adaptándose a los cambios de volumen de las cavidades cardíacas, aunque variaciones importantes de éstas o la afectación de su tejido, lo hace más rígido condicionando un comportamiento constrictivo. Son múltiples las patologías que pueden afectarlo, desde inflamación, trauma, radiación hasta infiltración tumoral.
Anomalías de arterias coronarias. Evaluación por angiotomografía cardíaca multidetector y otras técnicas de imagen cardíaca
Authors: Hernández-Hernández José María , Guzmán-Ramírez Denisse , Enriquez-Rodríguez Rolando
Published: June 2022

Las anomalías coronarias se presentan en 1,7% de la población general y causan el 33% de las muertes súbitas en personas jóvenes durante un esfuerzo extenuante. El uso de técnicas de imagen cardíaca ha permitido expandir el conocimiento sobre el diagnóstico de estas anomalías. Existen tres tipos de acuerdo a la clasificación de Greenberg: anomalías de origen, de curso y de terminación. Las de mayor importancia son las que causan alteraciones hemodinámicas y son la atresia coronaria, la anomalía de la arteria coronaria izquierda desde la arteria pulmonar/ anomalía de la arteria coronaria derecha desde laarteria pulmonar, el curso interarterial cuando nacen del seno coronario opuesto, las fístulas coronarias y las ectasias coronarias. La evaluación por angiotomografía coronaria multidetector permite caracterizarlas desde el ostium hasta su terminación, y para demostrar las consecuencias clínicas en el paciente existen técnicas de imagen como la resonancia magnética cardíaca de estrés, la ecocardiografía de estrés, la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único y la angiografía coronaria con evaluación por flujo de reserva coronaria o radio instantáneo de onda libre que permiten definir el tratamiento.
Búsqueda de fuente cardioembólica: por qué no se debe olvidar la aorta
Authors: López-Quintero Johnna Carolina , Carvajal-Rivera José Julián , Morr-Velenzuela Carlos , De-Agustin-Loeches Jose Alberto
Published: June 2022

Paciente masculino de 42 años con signos de isquemia intestinal recurrente, en quien se pudo comprobar que la fuente de causa cardioembólica se encontraba en la aorta descendente y presentaba características trombóticas, que posteriormente se confirmaron en patología.
A pesar de no ser una estructura cardíaca, la aorta torácica debe evaluarse de manera sistemática en aquellos pacientes con sospecha de patología embólica, que aunque es menos frecuente, sí tiene un alto valor en la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes.
La formación y acreditación en ecocardiografía: un reto complejo con múltiples caminos
Authors: García Fernández María
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen.
Visión crítica de las guías de función diastólica: verdades y mentiras
Authors: Forteza José Francisco , Noris Marta
Published: June 2022

Tras los iniciales estudios por cateterismo, la incorporación del Doppler pulsado y posteriormente de otras técnicas de imagen al ecocardiograma, permitieron el estudio de la diástole a todos los pacientes cardiológicos. La aparición de casos de insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección preservada incrementa su aportación. Las guías del año 2016 reordenan las del año 2009, restaurando la preponderancia del llenado mitral y reduciendo la importancia del Doppler tisular del anillo, sin poder incorporar los parámetros de deformación que en 2009 parecían prometedores. En este artículo se comentan y discuten losdatos aportados por las nuevas guías a la luz de la fisiopatología
Disyunción anular mitral en la patología mixomatosa valvular
Authors: Urmeneta Ulloa Javier , Molina Borao Isabel
Published: June 2022

La disyunción anular mitral está definida como la separación entre la aurícula izquierda-válvula mitral con el teórico punto de inserción del ventrículo izquierdo a nivel del anillo valvular mitral. Esta patología se encuentra presente con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con patología valvular mixomatosa y/o prolapso valvular mitral. En la última década, el avance de la ecocardiografía transesofágica tridimensional ha permitido un mejor estudio y comprensión anatómica de esta patología. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con disyunción anular mitral y posterior revisión bibliográfica.
Cardio RM en el “infarto con coronarias normales”
Authors: Morr Carlos Igor , Santos Ana Isabel , Ramallal Raúl , Álvarez Asiain Virginia , Aristizábal Duque Cristhian
Published: June 2022

La agresión viral es la causa más frecuente de miocarditis, ya sea directa o inmuno-mediada. Técnicas de diagnóstico molecular de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) sobre biopsia endomiocárdica (BEM), han permitido conocer cuáles son los agentes mayoritariamente implicados. La BEM constituye el gold standard para el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, su escasa rentabilidad, ha impulsado distintos estudios con técnicas de imagen no invasivas. La resonancia magnética cardíaca (Cardio RM), constituye actualmente la herramienta diagnóstica de elección. En su mayoría la evolución es benigna, aunque en algunos casos puede dar lugar a una evolución crónica hacia la miocardiopatía dilatada.
Utilidad de la resonancia magnética cardíaca en el estudio de cardiopatías congénitas simples del adulto: dos casos poco frecuentes
Authors: Jiménez Martín Marta , Alonso Pérez Luis , Bastarrika Alemañ Gorka , Barba Cosials Joaquín , Azcárate Agüero Pedro María
Published: June 2022

Presentamos dos casos de comunicación interauricular tipo seno venoso atípicos; por su forma de presentación clínica y antecedentes de los pacientes. En ambas situaciones, la resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC) fue determinante para establecer un diagnóstico adecuado.
Score de calcio: la eterna promesa de la prevención cardiovascular
Authors: Velasco del Castillo Sonia
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen.
Cardio-TC en la coartación aórtica compleja. Interrupción del arco aórtico con ventrículo derecho de doble salida
Authors: Urmeneta-Ulloa Javier , Bret-Zurita Montserrat , Arreo Viviana , Polo Luz , Aroca-Peinado Ángel
Published: June 2022

La interrupción del arco aórtico se define por la falta de continuidad anatómica entre la aorta ascendente y la descendente, considerándose una forma extrema de coartación. Generalmente se encuentra asociada con otras anomalías cardíacas, como puede ser el ventrículo derecho de doble salida. El avance tecnológico en cardio-TC ha permitido en los últimos años una gran precisión diagnóstica con mínimo riesgo para el paciente. Se presenta el caso de un neonato de 4 días de vida con diagnóstico de coartación aórtica compleja estudiado mediante cardio-TC junto con una breve revisión bibliográfica del tema.
Síndrome de Hedinger secundario a tumor neuroendocrino ileal
Authors: Martín García Ana , Martín García Agustín C. , Navarro Miguel , Díaz Peláez Elena , Sánchez Pedro L.
Published: June 2022

Se presenta un caso de síndrome de Hedinger o cardiopatía por tumor carcinoide metastásico de elevado interés docente porque permite realizar una revisión iconográfica de las características típicas de las valvulopatías asociadas a esta patología con diferentes técnicas de imagen. El síndrome de Hedinger en el síndrome carcinoide ocurre en más de la mitad de los casos y está producido por las sustancias vasoactivas liberadas por el tumor carcinoide que afectan, fundamentalmente, a las válvulas cardíacas derechas (tricúspide y pulmonar), aunque hasta en un 10% de los casos, también puede haber lesión en las válvulas aórtica y/o mitral.
Aspectos ecocardiográficos fundamentales en la detección del mismatch prótesis-paciente
Authors: Fernández Fernández Laura , Lahuerta Martínez Iñaki , Filmore Carrasco Urko
Published: June 2022

La evaluación de una prótesis valvular cardíaca con ecocardiografía es exigente en todas las etapas del proceso. El mismatch prótesis-paciente se produce cuando el área del orificio efectivo (AOE) de la prótesis valvular implantada es demasiado pequeña en relación al tamaño del paciente, lo que resulta en gradientes postoperatorios anormalmente altos y resultados clínicos adversos. Este fenómeno puede documentarse de forma rápida por el cálculo de la AOE por ecocardiografía. Aquí se exponen los pasos esenciales que se deben seguir para detectarlo.
Ecocardiografía en Urgencias. Ecocardioscopia focalizada para resolver la causa de un síncope
Authors: Lima Rafael , Cabrera Schulmeyer María Carolina
Published: June 2022

La valoración con ecocardioscopia en Urgencias es una forma rápida de descartar una cardiopatía estructural. En el caso de síncope, como el que se presenta aquí, la evaluación con ecocardiografía realizada por el médico de Urgencias fue la pista que orientó el diagnóstico que acabó por llevar a la paciente a cirugía cardíaca.
Ecocardiografía en el intervencionismo estructural. ¿Cómo, cuándo y por qué?
Authors: Barreiro-Pérez Manuel , Cruz-González Ignacio , González Calle David , Oterino Manzanas Armando , Sánchez Pedro L.
Published: June 2022

Los procedimientos de intervencionismo estructural percutáneo han mostrado una gran expansión en los últimos años. La monitorización ecocardiográfica es una piedra angular en estos procedimientos. Sin embargo, recientemente y gracias a las mejoras técnicas y experiencia acumulada, en algunos procedimientos se comienza a simplificar o prescindir de la monitorización por imagen. En la presente revisión se analiza el papel de la ecografía en la actualidad y sus alternativas para algunos de los procedimientos más habituales en el campo del intervencionismo estructural.
Insuficiencia tricúspide traumática. Una causa poco habitual de un problema infrecuente
Authors: Constantin Iván , Merlo Pablo Martin , Hincapíe Cano Sara María , Lescano Adrián José , Darú Víctor Daniel
Published: June 2022

La insuficiencia tricúspide primaria es una entidad infrecuente y la etiología traumática es inusual. A continuación se presentan dos casos de insuficiencia tricúspide traumática, uno de ellos se diagnosticó durante la hospitalización por un traumatismo torácico y otro en donde el diagnóstico de la valvulopatía se realizó años después del traumatismo. Se resume la evaluación complementaria de distintas técnicas de imagen: ecocardiografía transtorácica, ecocardiografía transesofágica y cardio-RM.
Ductus arterioso persistente en el adulto: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Luque Díaz Tania , Travieso González Alejandro , Martín Lores Irene , Bustos García de Castro Ana , Gómez de Diego José Juan
Published: June 2022

El conducto arterioso persistente es una cardiopatía congénita poco frecuente en el adulto y suele presentarse como anomalía única. Es importante para el cardiólogo clínico la identificación de los casos con ductus permeable cuyo cortocircuito izquierda-derecha resultante está causando sobrecarga de presiones en las cavidades cardíacas, así como hipertensión pulmonar por hiperaflujo. En estos casos está indicado el cierre, siendo en la actualidad la oclusión percutánea la primera línea de tratamiento, si la anatomía lo permite. El cierre quirúrgico en adultos implica un mayor riesgo debido a sus cambios anatómicos e histológicos, y se considera una opción de segunda línea.
Una singular variante de comunicación interauricular: foramen oval permeable “estirado frente a elongado” con cortocircuito de izquierda a derecha
Authors: Munín Martin , Chango Azanza Diego Xavier , Pérez Noelia , Raggio Ignacio , Paolini Julieta
Published: June 2022

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 79 años que acude a consulta por un cuadro de insuficiencia cardíaca. El paciente presentaba fibrilación auricular, insuficiencia mitral, importante dilatación de cavidades derechas y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo conservada. En la ecocardiografía transesofágica se observó una extensa separación entre el septum primum y secundum, hallazgo compatible con un foramen oval permeable “estirado frente a elongado” de gran tamaño, con flujo unidireccional continuo de izquierda a derecha, comportándose funcionalmente como una comunicación interauricular: foramen oval “estirado frente a elongado” o “válvula incompetente”.
Direct C–H amination reactions of arenes with N-hydroxyphthalimides catalyzed by cuprous bromide
Authors: Zhang Dongming , Lv Bin , Gao Pan , Jia Xiaodong , Yuan Yu
Published: June 2022

An efficient Cu-catalyzed strategy for the direct C–H amination of arenes in high yields using N-hydroxyphthalimide as the amidyl radical precursor under air is reported. A possible mechanism is proposed that proceeds via a radical reaction in the presence of CuBr and triethyl phosphite.
First example of organocatalysis by cathodic N-heterocyclic carbene generation and accumulation using a divided electrochemical flow cell
Authors: Rocco Daniele , Folgueiras-Amador Ana A , Brown Richard C D , Feroci Marta
Published: June 2022

It is well known that the electrochemical reduction of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF4) yields the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). This carbene is quite unstable and its main use is as an organocatalyst in umpolung reactions of aldehydes. Due to its instability, NHC quantification can be indirectly carried out through its transformation into the corresponding thione, by reaction with elemental sulfur. The cathodic generation is carried out in a divided cell, as NHCs readily oxidise at the anode. The need for high amounts of supporting electrolyte is one of the major drawbacks of batch electrochemistry, which can be addressed by using flow electrolysis cells with small interelectrode gaps. In flow cells the distance between the two electrodes can decrease to such an extent that sometimes no supporting electrolyte is needed, offering additional benefits such as simplification of product isolation. Moreover, flow electrochemistry can provide higher rates of conversion compared to batch. Only one paper in the literature reports NHC generation by cathodic reduction of an imidazolium salt, in a undivided cell, in which the NHC oxidation problem is overcome by the use of a sacrificial anode (Cu), which releases Cu+ ions to form NHC-Cu complexes. In this paper we present the first electrochemical generation of NHC carried in a divided flow cell with NHC accumulation and subsequent use as organocatalyst. We demonstrated not only the NHC accumulation (indirectly by reaction with elemental sulfur), but also the possibility to use this NHC in two classical umpolung reactions of cinnamaldehyde: its cyclodimerization and its oxidative esterification.
ERGENLERDE MUTLULUK KORKUSU İLE GELECEK BEKLENTİSİ VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DENİZ Mehmet Engin , YILDIRIM Hacer , UZUN Gülgün
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmada, meslek lisesine devam eden ergenlerin mutluluk korkusu ile psikolojik sağlamlık ve gelecek beklentileri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve ergenlerin psikolojik sağlamlık ve gelecek beklentisinin mutluluk korkusu üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisini incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya ortaöğretim kurumlarında eğitim öğretim gören 306 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel yöntemlere uygun olarak ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda veriler “Mutluluk Korkusu Ölçeği”, “Çocuk ve Ergen Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” ve “Ergen Gelecek Beklentileri Ölçeği”nden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ergenlerin mutluluk korkusunun cinsiyet, anne ve babanın eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre değişmediği görülmekle birlikte sosyoekonomik durumu ve çocuklukta yaşanan travma durumuna bağlı olarak değiştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ergenlerin sosyoekonomik düzeyinin düşmesi ve çocukluk yıllarında travma yaşama durumunda mutluluk korkusu düzeyinin arttığı görülmektedir. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusuna göre, ergenlerin gelecek beklentileri ile mutluluk korkusu arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda gelecek beklentisi mutluluk korkusunun anlamlı bir yordayıcısıdır. Ancak araştırma bulgularına göre mutluluk korkusu ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı ve psikolojik sağlamlığın mutluluk korkusunun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olmadığı görülmüştür.
Pengembangan Pocket Book Of Physics (PBOP) Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Larasyati Khikmah Komariyah , Fatmaryanti Siska Desy , Al Hakim Yusro
Published: June 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis android guna mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berbasis android yang dikembangkan, dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Jenis penelitian yaitu pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MAN 3 Kebumen dengan subyek penelitian berjumlah 28 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi, angekt tanggapan peserta didik, dan lembar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh data hasil validasi media pembelajaran berbasis amdroid dari empat validator yaitu tiga dosen ahli dan guru fisika mendapatkan nilai secara keseluruhan sebesar 3,24, termasuk dalam kategori baik dan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Hasil belajar peserta didik dilihat dari  tugas mandiri diperoleh rerata 85,9 dan post-test diperoleh rerata 89,6. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran berbasis android  yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dikategorikan baik dan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Web Appgeyser Berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Sains
Authors: Setiyanti Dian , Pratiwi Umi , Ashari Ashari
Published: June 2022

Rendahnya literasi sains peserta didik di pengaruhi oleh bahan ajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran fisika menggunakan Web Appgeyser berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe yang dilihat dari validitas media, kepraktisan media, dan keefektifan media. Penelitian ini mengadaptasi model penelitian 4D yaitu Define (Pendefinnisian), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), dan Dissemination (Penyebaran). Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik XI MIPA 5 SMA N 1 Purworejo. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kelayakan media pembelajaran Web Appgeyser berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dikategorikan baik dan layak digunakan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran fisika serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik.
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Technological Age
Authors: Vindele Liene , Cane Renate
Published: June 2022

The last two decades have seen a huge technological development, also known as the technology explosion, making it easier for anyone to access any kind of information, including of course intellectual property, anywhere in the world, and this has created new challenges for the protection of intellectual property. But nowadays, technology not only allows access to any work of authorship or invention, it is also capable of creating works of authorship or inventions itself, leading legal scholars to debate whether works created by technology can be protected if they are not human‐made. As is well known, almost all national laws only recognise an author or inventor if it is a human‐made work, but what about a painting or invention created by artificial intelligence? Are such works becoming vulnerable and freely available to everyone today? The methodological basis of this article is based on general scientific approaches (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, analogy and a systemic and structural‐functional approach). The article also draws on court decisions, legislation, legal literature, publications and doctrine. Conclusions are drawn using the method of scientific induction and deduction. The aim of this article is to explain the importance of intellectual property protection in today's technological age, where intellectual property can be created not only by people but also by technology.
Procedural Mechanism for the Implementation of Public Interest in the Context of Consumer Rights Protection
Authors: Jucevičius Ramūnas
Published: June 2022

The practice of the last few years shows a significant increase in the number of consumer applications to public authorities for protection of their violated rights. As the main guarantor of consumer protection in the field of public administration, the State Consumer Rights Protection Authority bears a heavy administrative burden as a result. Consumer surveys show that they are indifferent to their rights, both in terms of their content and their protection. On the other hand, rules of civil procedure designed to ensure the right of access to a court are not an appropriate guarantor of public interest for consumers due to their complexity. As a consequence of all these circumstances, the current legal mechanism for consumer rights protection does not ensure a prompt and efficient process.
The Recognition of the Interest of the Group in Latvian Group of Companies Law
Authors: Lošaks Gvido
Published: June 2022

The Latvian Group of Companies Law focuses on creditor and minority shareholder protection and is less concerned with pursuing the interest of the group. This research paper will look at the regulation of group of companies in Latvia. It will question whether the interest of the group is effectively recognised in the Latvian Group of Companies Law. The methodology used will be that of legal doctrinal and comparative research, legal theory method and reform agenda research. The research paper will conclude that creditor protection under Article 27, paragraph 5 of Group of Companies Law (Koncernu likums) is ineffective.
An Improved Dynamic Modelling for Exploring Ball Bearing Vibrations from Time-varying Oil Film
Authors: Xu Minmin , Song Zhenzhen , Ding Xiaoxi , Li Guoxing , Shao Yimin , Gu James Xi
Published: June 2022

Bearings are key components in rotating machinery, which is widely used in many fields, such as CNC machines, wind turbines and induction machines. The increasingly harsh operation environment can lead to wear and tear on raceways and reduce the precision and reliability of bearing or even machinery. Lubrication could relieve the wear to some degree, which is benefit to prolong the bearing’s life. Thus, investigation on the vibration responses under the influence of oil film is of great significance. However, for mechanism analysis, how to include the oil film into the bearing dynamic model affects the result and efficiency of solution. To address this problem, this study proposed a fast algorithm through load distribution and interpolation when calculating oil film stiffness and thickness during the solution of bearing vibration model. Analysis of oil film on vibration is carried out and a bearing test rig is designed to verify the proposed model. Numerical simulation result shows that rotational speed and load have vital effect on oil film and vibration, and oil film can play a role of shock absorption. The experimental result is consistent with the simulation, which shows that the proposed model has a better performance on modeling bearing vibration and the method of considering oil film is reasonable.
El turismo termal y la fabricación de esferas navideñas en Chignahuapan, Puebla como mecanismo de la descampesinización local
Authors: Quintero Venegas Gino Jafet
Published: June 2022

La nueva ruralidad, la descampesinización y la tercerización económica, constituyen tres  nociones que evidencian una dura transformación económica, social y espacial en las  concepciones tradicionales del mundo rural. A partir de la inserción en el sistema mundial bajo, la etiqueta de “Pueblo Mágico”, Chignahuapan, una comunidad rural mexicana del centro del  país, ha dejado de lado las actividades del sector primario para impulsar al terciario y ha  adoptado al turismo como eje rector del crecimiento económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es  visibilizar cómo la transformación económica local, hacia el turismo, se ha dado a partir de  mercantilizar un manantial de aguas termales con propiedades curativas, y a partir de la  fabricación de esferas navideñas de vidrio soplado, una actividad económica que ha posicionado  a la localidad en el imaginario nacional. Así, en Chignahuapan se ha generado una relación de  dependencia hacia el turismo, asociada con las necesidades y demandas de las dos grandes  ciudades del centro de México: la Ciudad de México y Puebla.
Effect of the Concomitant Use of Subcutaneous Basal Insulin and Intravenous Insulin Infusion in the Treatment of Severe Hyperglycemic Patients
Authors: Lim Yejee , Ohn Jung Hun , Jeong Joo , Ryu Jiwon , Kim Sun-wook , Cho Jae Ho , Park Hee-Sun , Kim Hye Won , Lee Jongchan , Kim Eun Sun , Kim Nak-Hyun , Jo You Hwan , Jang Hak Chul
Published: June 2022

Background: No consensus exists regarding the early use of subcutaneous (SC) basal insulin facilitating the transition from continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIII) to multiple SC insulin injections in patients with severe hyperglycemia other than diabetic ketoacidosis. This study evaluated the effect of early co-administration of SC basal insulin with CIII on glucose control in patients with severe hyperglycemia.Methods: Patients who received CIII for the management of severe hyperglycemia were divided into two groups: the early basal insulin group (n=86) if they received the first SC basal insulin 0.25 U/kg body weight within 24 hours of CIII initiation and ≥4 hours before discontinuation, and the delayed basal insulin group (n=79) if they were not classified as the early basal insulin group. Rebound hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level of >250 mg/dL in 24 hours following CIII discontinuation. Propensity score matching (PSM) methods were additionally employed for adjusting the confounding factors (n=108).Results: The rebound hyperglycemia incidence was significantly lower in the early basal insulin group than in the delayed basal insulin group (54.7% vs. 86.1%), despite using PSM methods (51.9%, 85.2%). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the early basal insulin group than in the delayed basal insulin group (8.5 days vs. 9.6 days, P=0.027). The hypoglycemia incidence did not differ between the groups.Conclusion: Early co-administration of basal insulin with CIII prevents rebound hyperglycemia and shorten hospital stay without increasing the hypoglycemic events in patients with severe hyperglycemia.
Comportamiento de accesiones de coffea Arabica sometidas a déficit de humedad del suelo
Authors: Molina Diana María , Ramírez Victor Hugo , Cortina Hernando Alfonso
Published: June 2022

Una alternativa para mitigar el efecto de El Niño es la producción de variedades resistentes, para lo cual es necesario la evaluación del germoplasma de café por tolerancia a sequía. Con este objetivo se sembraron en invernadero 21 introducciones Etíopes y 11 genotipos comerciales de la colección colombiana de café con dos niveles de disponibilidad de agua: Control y déficit. Se midieron las variables: Altura de la planta, número de hojas, área foliar, resistencia estomática, longitud de la raíz, peso seco de la raíz y la parte aérea, biomasa total y eficiencia en el uso de agua. Puede concluirse que las introducciones E.480, ET.56 y E.177 son promisorias como progenitores para el desarrollo de una variedad tolerante al déficit hídrico.
Expansion for a Fundamental Solution of Laplace's Equation in Flat-Ring Cyclide Coordinates
Authors:   The Ohio State University at Newark,Newark, USA, Bi Lijuan , Cohl Howard S. ,   National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Volkmer Hans ,   University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
Published: June 2022

We derive an expansion for the fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in flat-ring coordinates in three-dimensional Euclidean space. This expansion is a double series of products of functions that are harmonic in the interior and exterior of ''flat rings''. These internal and external flat-ring harmonic functions are expressed in terms of simply-periodic Lamé functions. In a limiting case we obtain the expansion of the fundamental solution in toroidal coordinates.
Unusually High HCO+/CO Ratios in and outside Supernova Remnant W49B
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhang Gao-Yuan , Zhou Xin , Arias Maria , Koo Bon-Chul , Vink Jacco , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Sun Lei , Du Fu-Jun , Zhu Hui , Chen Yang , Bovino Stefano , Lee Yong-Hyun
Published: June 2022

Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) and their environments provide the nearest laboratories to study SN feedback. We performed molecular observations toward SNR W49B, the most luminous Galactic SNR in the X-ray band, aiming to explore signs of multiple feedback channels of SNRs on nearby molecular clouds (MCs). We found very broad HCO+ lines with widths of dv ∼ 48–75 km s−1 in the SNR southwest, providing strong evidence that W49B is perturbing MCs at a systemic velocity of V

LSR
= 61–65 km s−1, and placing the W49B at a distance of 7.9 ± 0.6 kpc. We observed unusually high-intensity ratios of HCO+
J=1–0/CO J=1–0 not only at shocked regions (1.1 ± 0.4 and 0.70 ± 0.16) but also in quiescent clouds over 1 pc away from the SNR’s eastern boundary (≥0.2). By comparing with the magnetohydrodynamics shock models, we interpret that the high ratio in the broad-line regions can result from a cosmic-ray (CR) induced chemistry in shocked MCs, where the CR ionization rate is enhanced to around 10–102 times of the Galactic level. The high HCO+/CO ratio outside the SNR is probably caused by the radiation precursor, while the luminous X-ray emission of W49B can explain a few properties in this region. The above results provide observational evidence that SNRs can strongly influence the molecular chemistry in and outside the shock boundary via their shocks, CRs, and radiation. We propose that the HCO+/CO ratio is a potentially useful tool to probe an SNR’s multichannel influence on MCs.
On the Stability of Low-mass Planets with Supercritical Hydrospheres
Authors: Vivien H. G. , Aguichine A. , Mousis O. , Deleuil M. , Marcq E.
Published: June 2022

Short-period, low-mass water-rich planets are subject to strong irradiation from their host star, resulting in hydrospheres in a supercritical state. In this context, we explore the role of irradiation on small terrestrial planets that are moderately wet in the low-mass regime (0.2–1 M
⊕). We investigate their bulk properties for water content in the 0.01–5% range by making use of an internal structure model that is coupled to an atmosphere model. This coupling allows us to take into account both the compression of the interior due to the weight of the hydrosphere and the possibility of atmospheric instability in the low-mass regime. We show that, even for low masses and low water content, these planets display inflated atmospheres. For extremely low planetary masses and high irradiation temperatures, we find that steam atmospheres become gravitationally unstable when the ratio η of their scale height to planetary radius exceeds a critical value of ∼0.1. This result is supported by observational data, as all currently detected exoplanets exhibit values of η smaller than 0.013. Depending on their water content, our results show that highly irradiated, low-mass planets up to 0.9 M
⊕ with significative hydrospheres are not in a stable form and should lose their volatile envelope.
High-energy Emission Component, Population, and Contribution to the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background of Gamma-Ray-emitting Radio Galaxies
Authors: Fukazawa Yasushi , Matake Hiroto , Kayanoki Taishu , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Finke Justin
Published: June 2022

In this study, we systematically studied the X-ray to GeV gamma-ray spectra of 61 Fermi Large Area Telescope detected radio galaxies. We found an anticorrelation between peak frequency and peak luminosity in the high-energy spectral component of radio galaxies, similar to blazars. With this sample, we also constructed a gamma-ray luminosity function (GLF) of gamma-ray-loud radio galaxies. We found that blazar-like GLF shapes can reproduce their redshift and luminosity distribution, but the log N–log S relation prefers models with more low-z radio galaxies. Utilizing our latest GLF, the contribution of radio galaxies to the extragalactic gamma-ray background is found to be 1%–10%. We further investigated the nature of gamma-ray-loud radio galaxies. Compared to radio or X-ray flux-limited radio galaxy samples, the gamma-ray-selected sample tends to lack high radio power galaxies like FR II radio galaxies. We also found that only ∼10% of radio galaxies are GeV gamma-ray loud. Radio galaxies may contribute to the cosmic MeV gamma-ray background comparable to blazars if gamma-ray-quiet radio galaxies have X-ray to gamma-ray spectra like Cen A, with a small gamma-ray-to-X-ray flux ratio.
Mazus danxiacola (Mazaceae), a distinct new species endemic to Danxia landform in Jiangxi Province, eastern China
Authors: Li Bo , Le Xin-Gui , Min Dao-Zhang , Xu Lin , Chen Bin
Published: June 2022

Mazus danxiacola, a new species endemic to Danxia landform in east Jiangxi Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated. The systematic placement of this new species was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosome ITS sequence, and its specific relationships within Mazus were discussed. Morphologically, the new species is clearly different from other Mazus species by having a series of uncommon traits, i.e., annual habit, without stolons and basal leaves, single, erect and unbranched stems, long petiolate leaves abaxially grayish green to silver gray, truncate to broadly cuneate leaf bases, racemes extremely elongated up to 35 cm long, white corolla, and palate densely covered by conspicuous clavate gland-like hairs. The new species is assigned to Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Underestimated cryptic diversity in the Caryocolum tricolorella species complex (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)
Authors: Huemer Peter
Published: June 2022

The taxonomy of theCaryocolum tricolorellaspecies complex, an informal subsection of the diverseCaryocolum interalbicellaspecies group, is revised and four species are separated from DNA barcodes of the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) gene and adult morphology:C. tricolorella(Haworth, 1812),C. fibigeriumHuemer, 1988,C. herwigvanstaaisp. nov., andC. olekarsholtisp. nov.These species show a vicariant distribution pattern, withC. tricolorellawidely distributed in Central and Northern Europe,C. fibigeriumrestricted to the Iberian Peninsula and southern France,C. herwigvanstaaisp. nov.to the Italian Peninsula, andC. olekarsholtisp. nov.to the Balkans. All species are described in detail, and the adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.