bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Finley Alexandra J.
Published: September 2021

The conclusion summarizes the main arguments of the book, reviewing the ways in which women's labor was crucial to the functioning of the antebellum slave trade and thus the broader economic system of the nineteenth-century United States. This section of the work also argues that women's domestic and socially reproductive labor is crucial to the functioning of economy and society in all historic eras, though it is seldom recognized as work with true value because of its historic association with women and particularly women of color. The conclusion then connects this historic devaluing of women's labor with current political struggles for domestic workers' rights.
The Emergence of Academies
Authors: Boonshoft Mark
Published: September 2021

Academies arrived in colonial America during the First Great Awakening. They were built at first by Presbyterians with the goal of training clergy. Other denominations quickly followed suit. Before long, it became clear that academies also offered a secular education that appealed to middling and elite colonists across denominational lines. Denominational academies seemed to help solve the larger problem of elite formation in colonial America.
The Academy Effect
Authors: Boonshoft Mark
Published: September 2021

This chapter traces how academies came to be seen as training grounds for political leaders. During the Seven Years’ War, academy teachers and trustees claimed their schools benefitted the British Empire. But when the Imperial Crisis hit, the political ambitions of academy students, which the British had stoked in the 1750s and early 1760s, became a liability. The academy generation became the revolutionary generation, and students and faculty streamed into the ranks of the Continental Army and state and national political offices. The American Revolution solidified the civic purposes of education, and academies in particular. But the war was also destructive to American education. As peace arrived in 1783, Americans, and especially academy alumni, began to think about how to rebuild American education.
Hacim Hesaplarında İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) Verilerinin Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: ŞAHİN Vahit , YILMAZ Hacı Murat
Published: September 2021

Hacim hesapları birçok mühendislik çalışmasında kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde Harita Mühendisliğinin İnşaat ve Madencilik sektöründeki en önemli iş kollarından birisi de hacim hesabıdır. Hacim hesapları jeodezik, fotogrametrik ve lazer tarama gibi farklı yöntemlerden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak yapılabilmektedir. Özellikle erişilmesi riskli ve zor bölgelerde hacim hesapları arazideki ölçmelerden ziyade bölgenin havadan veya yerden çekilen resimleri yardımıyla yapılması daha uygun olmaktadır. Günümüzde fotogrametri, haritacılık alanında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Fotogrametrik harita üretiminde farklı platformlar kullanılarak görüntü alımı gerçekleştirilmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji havadan fotoğraf temininde yeni alternatifler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler neticesinde uzaktan algılama ve fotogrametri ile üretilen verilerde, İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada son yıllarda birçok konuda uygulama alanı bulan İHA verileri kullanılarak yapılan hacim hesaplarının farklı açılardan analizi yapılmıştır. Hacmi bilinen tarımsal ürün depolama tesisi (SİLO) ve bir dolgu alanının hacmi İHA verileri yardımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamada düzgün geometrik yapıya sahip SİLO’nun hacmi %98 doğrulukla, düzgün geometrik yapıya sahip olmayan dolgu alanı hacmi %93.57 doğrulukla hesaplanmıştır.
Primary patency of native arteriovenous fistula in elderly at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Bachtiar Muhammad Rizki , Joalsen Ivan , Sari Izzati Nurmaya , Putra Made Angga
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is preferred to be selected by the patient and clinician due to long term survival and fewer complications than other vascular access. Radiocephalic (RC) fistula is the first choice for dialysis access and should be performed in elderly renal failure patients. Several authors have advocated that the brachiocephalic (BC) fistula should be considered the surgeons' first option. We aim to analyze the primary patency of RC and BC AVF in the elderly.
Method. This prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2018 to March 2020, which included 58 elderly patients who underwent surgery to create AVF. Demographic data were collected from medical records. Meanwhile, information about patient’s primary patency of RC and BC AVF were followed up to first access dysfunction or any intervention by phone. The survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method
Result. There were 58 elderly patients divided into 51 (87.9 %) patients with RC, 4 (6.9%) patients with BC, and 3 (5.2%) patients with Basilic Vein Transposition (BVT). The survival rate of RC was 70.5 % after six months and 29.4 % after 12 months. Meanwhile, 50% of BC patients survived in the first six months, and 25% survive for a year. On the other hand, 1 of 3 patients died in the BVT group in the first month after access placement due to hemodialysis complication, and the remaining two BVT patients survived in three months.
Conclusion. RC has a patency rate of 70.5% in six months and 29.4% in a year. Choosing the right type and site of the anastomosis is essential as life expectancy increases in the elderly to preserve the veins for future access site.
Central venous catheters retention in a patient with mitral valve replacement: a case report
Authors: Resta Ngurah Dwiky Abadi , Semadi I Nyoman , Harta I Komang Adhi Parama , Sudarma I Wayan , Yasa Ketut Putu
Published: September 2021

Background: Retention of central venous catheters (CVC) is one complication that may occur when open-heart surgery is performed (such as mitral valve replacement). In this case report, we describe case retention of CVC in a patient with Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) related to sutured of Superior Vena Cava (SVC) wall on cannulation site.
Case Presentation:  A 15-year-old boy was admitted to Sanglah Hospital with a history of Heart failure with severe regurgitation of the mitral valve, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and left ventricular dysfunction due to rheumatic heart disease. Mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valve repair and left atrial reduction was performed. After five days of postoperative observation, the CVC could be removed. However, there is resistance when removing the catheter. After diagnostic examination, it was found that the CVC was sutured to the superior vena cava wall. The patient was then scheduled for a redo sternotomy to evacuate the CVC. The patient was discharged seven days after redo sternotomy was performed without any further postoperative complications.
Conclusions: Retention of CVC during open-heart surgery is one complication that increases the risk for morbidity or mortality to the patient after heart surgery.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure for central venous stenosis inpatient undergoing hemodialysis in Pelni Hospital: case series
Authors: Azwan Muhammad Zaini , Putra Anak Agung Ngurah Nata Tresnawan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Many causes leads to kidney impairment. This does not rule out the increasing number of patients undergoing hemodialysis.  The common vascular access used during hemodialysis is an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The arteriovenous fistula was preferred because it lasts longer and has a lower risk of infection for vascular access, meanwhile central venous stenosis or occlusion in the vein that carries the blood from the extremities to the heart often occur. If vascular access is still used during hemodialysis in which central venous stenosis is formed, it needs to make a new vascular access option. Percutaneous transluminal angiography (PTA) main objectives are to dilate the venous lesion that has occlusion more than 50% and extending the lifespan of arteriovenous fistula. In this case, we report six patients hemodialysis with central venous stenosis treated with percutaneous transluminal angiography.  This procedure has benefits that are arteriovenous fistula can be used again to reach hemodialysis adequacy optimally and reduce pain and swelling in the arms.
Case description: There six cases who were 45,48,57.58,63 and 66 years old who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures for central venous stenosis. Several past illnesses of the patients underlying the kidney impairment such chronic hypertension, chronic coronary heart complications, and/or diabetes. Several patients felt AVF swollen and/or painful. Minimal residual stenosis after balloon angioplasty was performed.
Conclusion: According to our cases, patients that underwent the hemodialysis felt swollen or/and pain due to stenosis ballooning angioplasty help minimize the residual stenosis.
Exercises with A Target Heart Rate both Safety and Effectiveness for Reducing Sedentary Effects During Pandemic of Covid-19
Authors: Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian Utama  , M. Widnyana  , Pramana I Putu Yudi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Limited activities will increase the risk of sedentary activity, so that it will become a new problem. Exercise is an effort to reduce sedentary activity and reduce boredom, maintain health, and increase the immune system. The right kind of exercise will have a good and bad impact. Therefore, this study aims to look at exercise with a target heart rate, safety and effectiveness, and reduce sedentary effects during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: The data used has been through literature studies obtained from research articles including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. With keywords, including COVID-19 pandemic, sedentary effects, exercise, target heart rate. The data analysis technique used is argumentative, descriptive analysis.

Results: Based on the literature view, the writer found ten related articles. This study provides evidence of the effect of exercise with target heart rate both safety and effectiveness for reducing sedentary effect. This article explained that it knows the exercise heart rate that the heart wants to reach and can be accepted by the heart, reduces lipid, increases the immune response, improves fitness and heart health.

Conclusion: Exercises can use the target heart rate to provide an overview of the range of training zones you want to achieve and provide safety and effectiveness in exercising, especially the cardiovascular system.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA MENYELESAIKAN PERMASALAHAN TRIGONOMETRI MELALUI PROLINK SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 TAJURHALANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: TAOFIK MOHAMAD
Published: September 2021

Untuk menghadapi era Revolusi Industri 4.0, siswa harus dibekali keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (higher order thinking skills).  Salah satu model pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada HOTS dan disarankan dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 adalah model pembelajaran berbasis masalah problem based learning (PBL) dengan metode Inkuiri. Tujuan penulisan praktik baik ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan praktik baik penulis dalam menerapkan pembelajaran berorientasi higher order thiking skills (HOTS) pada model pembelajaran PBL dengan proses Inkuiri. Sasaran pelaksanaan best practice ini adalah siswa kelas XI semester 1 di SMANegeri 1 Tajurhalang Kabupaten Bogor sebanyak 216 orang siswa yang terbagi dalam 6 kelas. setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran matematika peminatan di kelas XI dalam pokok bahasan penjumlahan dan pengurangan sinus dan kosinus dengan model PBL, penulis menemukan bahwa proses dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat. Lebih bagus dibandingkan pembelajaran sebelumnya yaitu Xmin1 = 20, Xmin2 = 43; Xmaks1 = 100, X Maks2 = 91; 1= 59,83, 2 = 74,75; Mo1 = 62, Mo2= 64; S1 = 21,442, S2= 11,726. Dengan nilai standar deviasi S2<S1 atau 11,726<21,442, menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan model PBL dengan proses Inkuiri lebih baik dibandingkan sebelumnya. Praktik pembelajaran PBL yang berhasil baik ini penulis simpulkan sebagai sebuah best practice (praktik baik) pembelajaran berorientasi HOTS dengan model PBL pada pokok bahasan jumlah dan selisih sinus dan kosinus. Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran PBL dengan proses inkuiri berlangsung aktif. Siswa menjadi lebih aktif merespon pertanyaan dari guru, termasuk mengajukan pertanyaan pada guru maupun temannya. Penerapan model pembelajaran PBL dan proses inkuiri ini juga meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah (problem solving). Setelah mengadakan penelitian ini didapat bahwa Permasalahan penjumlahan dan penguragan sinus dan kosinus yang melibatkan sudut 90o. ternyata siswa menemukan kesimpulan bahwa untuk sudut 90o permasalahan tersebut tidak dapat diselesaikan karena menghasilkan cos 90o yang bernilai nol.
Measurement report: The chemical composition of and temporal variability in aerosol particles at Tuktoyaktuk, Canada, during the Year of Polar Prediction Second Special Observing Period
Authors: MacInnis John , Chaubey Jai Prakash , Weagle Crystal , Atkinson David , Chang Rachel Ying-Wen
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The chemical composition, sources, and concentrations of
aerosol particles vary on a seasonal basis in the Arctic. While existing
research has focused on understanding the occurrence of aerosol particles
during the Arctic winter and spring, less is known of their occurrence
during the Arctic summer. In this study, atmospheric aerosol particle
chemical composition and concentration were determined during July–September
2018 at Tuktoyaktuk, NT, Canada (69.4∘ N, 133.0∘ W), to
coincide with the Year of Polar Prediction's Second Special Observing
Period in the Arctic. The chemical composition of fine (PM2.5) and
coarse (PM10–2.5) aerosol filter samples suggests the ocean,
mineral and/or road dust, and combustion were sources of the sampled aerosol
particles. Mass concentrations of PM2 and PM10, estimated from
optical particle counter measurements, remained within a similar range
during the study. However, elevated mass concentrations coincided
with a festival in the community of Tuktoyaktuk, suggesting local human
activity was an important source of aerosol particles. Mass concentrations
of PM2, which promote negative health effects in humans, were
significantly lower at Tuktoyaktuk than the national air quality standard
recommended by the government of Canada. These measurements provide an
important baseline to compare with future measurements associated with the
assessment of aerosol chemistry and air quality in the Arctic.
Low-harmonic trajectory synthesis using trajectory pattern method (TPM) for high-speed and high-precision machinery
Authors: Li Hao , Rastegar Jahangir , Wang Baosheng
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In high-speed and high-precision machinery, trajectories with
high-frequency harmonic content are one of the main sources of reduction of
operational precision. Trajectories with high-frequency harmonic content
generally demand even higher-harmonic actuating forces/torques due to the
nonlinear dynamics of such systems, which may excite natural modes of
vibration of the system and/or be beyond the dynamic response limitation of
the actuation devices. In this paper, a global interpolation algorithm that
uses the trajectory pattern method (TPM) for synthesizing low-harmonic
trajectories is presented. The trajectory synthesis with the TPM is
performed with a prescribed fundamental frequency and continuous jounce
boundary condition, which would minimize the number of high-harmonic
components in the required actuation forces/torques and avoid excitation of
the system modes of vibration. The minimal curvature variation energy
method, Lagrange multiplier method, and contour error control are used to
obtain smooth kinematic profiles and satisfy the trajectory accuracy
requirements. As an example, trajectory patterns that consist of a
fundamental frequency sinusoidal time function and its first three harmonics
are used to synthesize the desired trajectories for a selected dynamic
system. The synthesized trajectories are shown to cause minimal system
vibration during its operation. A comparison with a commonly used trajectory
synthesis method clearly shows the superiority of the developed TPM-based
approach in reducing vibration and demand on the actuator dynamic response,
thereby allowing the system to operate at higher speeds and precision.
Postgraduate writing for publication workshops: preparation for the past or for the future?
Authors: Comer Keith , Clement Jennifer , Brogt Erik , Obel Camilla
Published: September 2021

This article demonstrates the potential for postgraduate writing for publication

workshops to foster increased research outputs alongside improved writing abilities.

The authors explore some consequences of a national research evaluation framework

of universities in New Zealand, and discuss how postgraduate student feedback led to

the piloting of publication workshops. The approaches and successes of these

workshops are explored. In arguing for support for such workshops with respect to

their demonstrated benefits for participants in New Zealand and elsewhere, the

authors also note the need to focus greater attention on the future employment of

postgraduates.
Good grief: the newspaper obituary in New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Lyn
Published: September 2021

Unlike the United States and Canada, where there has been a resurgence in the

popularity of the obituary, New Zealand is witnessing a decline in this final chronicling

of lives. Once a standard literary skill all trainee journalists had to perfect, obituary

writing is now uncommon. Instead, New Zealand journalists are expected to adapt their

writing skills, often without much training or guidance, to reflect the changing role of

journalism and the public perception of death. This article uses qualitative content

analysis and interviews to illustrate this transition by investigating the obituary content

of the country’s largest daily newspaper, The New Zealand Herald. Although

newspapers remain a public forum for death, this study also identifies the shift from

focusing on the past, that is, the deceased, to the present, or those people left after the

death of a loved one.
Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion Course and Antibody Levels by Blood Groups in Convalescent Plasma Donors in Turkey
Authors: Karaca Aziz , Günçıkan Mustafa Nuri , Sözmen Nazlı Nadire , Karadağ Gizem Gökçe , Yılmaz Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study investigates the seroconversion time course of the IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and ascertains whether its levels change according to the patient’s ABO blood group. Method: A total of 36,003-convalescent plasma (CP) donations of 12,315 Turkish Red Crescent CP donors were analyzed. The ABO blood group of the CP donors was determined by Gel Centrifugation; and IgG was measured using the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. The differences in the distributions of mean IgG ratios among the different ABO blood groups were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent Samples T-test. Results: Among the CP donors, 98.4% were male. An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted-although in a few CP donors- on the 244th day, and a significant association between the ABO blood groups and the mean IgG ratios was noted (p: 0.001). The highest (mean±SD) antibody level was observed in the AB blood group (39.5±15.7), followed by the B (37.9±11.5) and the A blood groups (36.6±10.7), while the lowest value was recorded in the O blood group (34.4±11.5). Significant differences between all paired groups were noted in pairwise comparisons. The Rh (-) blood group (37.4±13.6) had a significantly higher antibody level than the Rh (+) blood group (36.3±11.2) (p: 0.005). Conclusion: An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted in a CP donor on the 244th day. The average IgG ratios were higher in the CP donors with the AB blood group, but lower in the O blood group. These results may be considered a valuable indication of the effectiveness of CP therapy used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with clinically relevant blood types.
Molecular Detection of alpha Thalassemia: A Review of Prevalent Techniques
Authors: Vijian Divashini , Wan Ab Rahman Wan Suriana , Ponnuraj Kannan Thirumulu , Zulkafli Zefarina , Mohd Noor Noor Haslina
Published: September 2021

Alpha thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the reduction or absence of α globin chain production. Laboratory diagnosis of α-thalassemia requires molecular analysis for the confirmatory diagnosis. A screening test, comprising complete blood count, blood smear and hemoglobin quantification by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, may not possibly detect all the thalassemia diseases. This review focused on the molecular techniques used to detect α-thalassemia, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique were highlighted. Multiplex gap-polymerase chain reaction, single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were used to detect common deletion of α-thalassemia. Furthermore, the reverse dot blot analysis and a single tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction could detect non-deletion mutation of the α-globin gene. Sanger sequencing is widely used to detect non-deletion mutations of α-thalassemia. Recently, next-generation sequencing was introduced in the diagnosis of both deletion and point mutations of α-thalassemia. Despite the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, the routine method employed in the laboratory should be based on the facility, expertise, available equipment, and economic conditions.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Üstün Nuran , Ovalı Fahri
Published: September 2021

Objective: To identify the incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and to evaluate its association with neonatal outcomes. Method: A total of 78 newborns with confirmed PPHN admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. AKI was defined according to the modified neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Results: Of 78 PPHN infants, AKI was found in 29.5% (23/78). Multivariate analysis indicated that male sex (OR 3.43 95% CI 1.03-11.48, p=0.04) and severe PPHN (OR 5.67 95% CI 1.55- 20.68, p<0.01) were independently associated with increased risk for AKI. Infants with AKI had significantly higher mortality rate than infants without AKI (43.5% vs. 9.1%, p<0.01). Mortality rates in stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 AKI were similar (36.4%, 57.1%, and 40%, respectively, p=0.68). Among survivors, AKI infants had significantly longer mechanical ventilation and lenght of stay than infants without AKI. Conclusion: In infants with PPHN, AKI is a common complication and is associated with increased mortality, and longer mechanical ventilation and lenght of stay. Careful monitoring of kidney function in infants with PPHN, especially in males and those who had severe PPHN can help to improve patient outcomes.
The Occurrence of Funeral Mania After Bereavement: A Case Report
Authors: Sönmez Doğancan , Okumuş Burak , Hocaoğlu Çiçek
Published: September 2021

Stressful or traumatic life events can lead to emergence of mood episodes. Events such as migration, relocation, job loss, bankruptcy, economic loss, divorce, natural disasters, accidental injury, or the loss of a loved one can trigger the first episode of bipolar disorder. After such life events, symptoms of depressive episodes often appear. Funeral mania, on the other hand, is defined as the emergence of manic episodes following the death of a close family member. Information on funeral mania, which occurs shortly after the loss of a loved one, is limited with a few case reports. In this study, a 26-year-old female patient who presented with the symptoms of a manic episode for the first time after her father’s death and who had no previous psychiatric disease or treatment history was presented in the light of findings in the literature. It is noteworthy that the patient, who was followed up with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (mania period) according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, had a temporal closeness between her mood symptoms and her father’s death, and had not developed such a reaction to previous traumatic life events. Therefore, the diagnosis was evaluated as funeral mania. It should be kept in mind that, although rare, symptoms of mania can be seen among possible grief reactions
Antibiotic Resistance and Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Çağ Yakup , Hacıseyitoğlu Demet , Avar Özdemir Abdurrahman , Çağ Yasemin
Published: September 2021

Objective: Antibiotic resistance against bacterial pathogens associated with urinary tract infections (UTI) is rapidly increasing worldwide. In this study, we aimed at determining the causative microorganisms in children under 17 years of age diagnosed with UTI in our hospital and the antibiotic resistance rates of these causes. Methods: We isolated and retrospectively analyzed 4801 urine samples of children under 17 years old who presented with bacterial growth in their urine cultures. The isolated bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles were statistically analyzed. Results: Most (2001/77.2%) of 2592 patients included in the study were female and the mean age and median interquartile range (IQR) was 55 (12-98) months. Except for the neonatal period, the female gender was predominant in all age groups (p<0.0001). The most frequently isolated bacteria included Escherichia coli (67.7%), Klebsiella spp. (10.7%), and Enterococcus spp. (8.8%). The most and least resistant antibiotics were ampicillin (66.6%) and meropenem (0.3%) for E. coli, respectively. Although resistance of E. faecalis to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin is at a low level, E. faecium is much more resistant to these antibiotics (p<0.0001). Conclusion: It is important that each center determines its own resistant antibiotics so as to guide empirical treatment. Re-evaluating each antibiotic that is started to be used empirically according to the results of culture and sensitivity in addition to switching to a suitable antibiotic would be very effective in reducing resistance rates.
Evaluation of N/LP Ratio as a Predictor of Disease Progression and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Çakır Güney Başak , Hayıroğlu Mert , Şenocak Didar , Çiçek Vedat , Çınar Tufan , Kaplan Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate whether the neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet (N/LP) ratio may be used to predict the risk of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on the data of 134 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU. The N/LP ratio was calculated as follows: neutrophil count x 100 / (lymphocyte count x platelet count). Each member of the research cohort was categorised into 1 of 2 groups based on their survival status (survivor and non-survivor groups). Results: In total, 82 (61%) patients died during the ICU stay. Patients who required mechanical ventilation and died in the ICU stay had significantly higher N/LP ratio than those who did not require it and survived [10 (IQR=4.94-19.38) vs 2.51 (IQR=1.67-5.49), p<0.001] and [11.27 (IQR=4.53-30.02) vs 1.65 (IQR=1-3.24), p<0.001], respectively. The N/LP ratio was linked with the requirement of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death according to multivariable analysis. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found that N/LP in predicting admission to the ICU was >4.18 with 61% sensitivity and 62% specificity, it was >5.07 with 74% sensitivity and 73% specificity for the need for mechanical ventilation, and >3.69 with 81% sensitivity and 81% specificity to predict in-hospital death. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the N/LP ratio, which is a novel and widely applicable inflammatory index, may be used to predict the risk of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 disease.
Etiological and Epizootic Peculiarities Gastrointestinal Infection Processes in Sheep
Authors: Davitashvili Magda , Zuroshvili Lamara , Margalitashvili Darejan , Azikuri Gela
Published: September 2021

For in-depth study of the peculiarities of the etiological and epizootic processes of gastro-intestinal infections in sheep, we conducted a study to determine the role of conditional-pathogenic microorganisms in this pathology. A study of the prevalence and frequency of intestinal infections in lambs on farms in the Kakheti region has shown that this pathology is very common and harms the region's livestock. During the study of pathological material of fallen lambs and aborted fetuses, 365 cultures were isolated, of which 182 cultures belonged to the genus Escherichia, 143 - Salmonella, 28 - Klebsiella, 4 - Streptococcus, 1 - Proteus and 7 cultures Diplococcus. Bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family has been found to play an important role in the development of gastro-intestinal diseases in lambs, accounting for approximately 97% of isolated cultures, of which Escherichia and Salmonella predominate, 51.0% and 39.1%.

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Diversity of Plants Containing Alkaloids and Peculiarities of Distribution in Adjara
Authors: Varshanidze Natela , Diasamidze Inga , Turmanidze Nazi , Dolidze Ketevan , Jakeli Eter , Bolkvadze Gia
Published: September 2021

Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing organic compounds that are widely used in medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, tumor pathologies. The aim of the research was to study the species diversity of alkaloid-containing plants, distribution areas, habitats and peculiarities of use in the floristic region of Adjara. According to the research, 35 species of alkaloids are distributed in the floristic region of Adjara, which are united in 24 families and 32 genera, including 28 species of the genus Orlebnia, 7 species of the genus Erlebnia, 1 species is representative of the fungal kingdom.
Effect of Pure Culture of Yeast on the Characteristics of Wine Quality
Authors: Zakaidze Ketevan , Salia Elene , Vephkhishvili Nino
Published: September 2021

Saperavi is one of the most distinguished varieties of wine among the grape varieties widely spread in Georgia. Along with the grapevine variety, the pure culture of yeast also plays a crucial role in producing high quality wine material, because wine is the product of the viability of yeast. All chemical transformations that take place during the alcoholic fermentation, as a result of which the grape juice is turned into a qualitatively new product, i.e. wine, are carried out by direct involvement of the ferment system of the yeast. In addition, in the process of viability, the yeast produces not only the primary products of fermentation (ethanol and carbon dioxide), but also a number of organic substances (secondary and by -products) that play a big role in forming the wine taste and aroma, as well as the antioxidants, which provide its sustainability, and some biologically active components. Therefore, selecting the pure culture of wine yeast and directing the alcoholic fermentation correctly with the use of it, will guarantee to obtain a high quality product.
Determination of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Index of the River Chakvistskali
Authors: Lomtatidze Nino , Gvianidze Marine
Published: September 2021

The growing impact of the anthropogenic factors on the environment has intensified the importance of protecting the water ecosystem. The degrading of water resources is a frequent result of the anthropogenic eutrophication resulting in imbalance of substance levels and deterioration of sanitation and recreational condition of water. The environmental impact of contaminants is manifested at the level of organisms, populations, biocenosis, and ecosystems. In the context of the increased anthropogenic load, the growing contamination of water bodies impairs the self-cleansing capacity of water, causes eutrophication and reduces water quality.
Impact of wine vessels on the properties of rose wine made from Saperavi
Authors: Mikelashvili Iuri , Shiukashvili Vano , Vephkhishvili Nino
Published: September 2021

Viticulture - winemaking is one of the oldest activities of mankind, which dates back centuries. In Georgia there are such grape varieties and such traditional methods of winemaking that are not found in other countries. For example, Saperavi grape and production of Qvevri (pitcher) wine. Saperavi is an ancient Georgian grape variety on which Georgian winemaking is based today.We have established experimentally the possibility of making high quality rose wine with various characteristics from Saperavi grown in Kakheti region using different wine vessels, such as stainless steel reservoir, oak barrel, traditional Georgian Qvevri (pitcher), under production conditions. The physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of various wines that provide the individuality of the wine have been determined.The main quantities characteristic to rose wine differ from one another, which is obviously due to the vessel in which the wine was made. For example, the wine, fermented and aged in the barrel has the most density because the tannins from the oak barrel increase it; the rose wine, made in the reservoir, has the lowest extract; in the case of Qvevri (pitcher) wine, the mass of dry matter is increased at the expense of the constituent substances of the clay of the pitcher; the wine made in the pitcher has the lowest titratable acidity because the wine acids go into the reaction with the mineral substances of the pitcher clay and the overall acidity decreases; the barrel and Qvevri rose wine has slightly higher volatile acidity. Here the reason for that should also be found in the porosity of the barrel and the pitcher.The various wines produced differ from one another organoleptically as well, which shows the role of the vessel in forming the taste properties of the wine. The different vessels used change all the components of the sensorics.All three wines are interesting in their own way, but the rose Qvevri wine is special for the taste of the traditional Georgian pitcher is best combined with the rose wine made with European technology and gentle processing.
Georgian and Language Competition in the Diaspora (Emigrant community)
Authors: Mikadze Manana
Published: September 2021

At the End of the XXth and at the beginning of the XXIst Century the population of Georgia has decreased by 9,1% . This decrease has been influenced by demographic processes as well as by those connected with long-term emigration. In terms of numbers, the largest emigration occurred bertween 2003 and 2010 when approximately 1,5 mln people left Georgia. Emigration has decreased in recent years; however, every year several tens of thousands of Georgian nationals leave Georgia. For an extended period of time Georgia lacked any systematic studies grounded in statistics regarding the lives of those Georgian nationals who had emigrated; however, in recent years, the number of researchers studying the Georgian Diaspora continues to extand. One of the most extensive studies devoted to researching the life of the diaspora is the study the Georgia’s emigrant communities: national identity, translational relationships and the politics of the diaspora, which has conducted in 2014-2016 by a research group from the Ministry of Foreign affairs of Georgia. The Georgian languuage situation in the diaspora is analyzed based on the statistics from this study.
Means of Frequency Expression in Guram Dochanashvili’s Works (based on „The First Garment“)
Authors: Pilashvili Elene
Published: September 2021

The article deals with One of the features of the language of Guram Dochanashvili's works is the frequent use of verbs, Dynamic narration of the action process, Which is often loaded with the semantics of multiplicity. Multiplicity with the writer is expressed both through lexical means (Often, Olways, A thousand times, Many times, Several times, Everyday, Tsamdautsum ...), So in the form of a specific sequence (Present, Continuous, Iterative...). All this reveals the great functional-semantic possibilities of the Georgian verb-listener.Observation reveals that the writer's language is characterized by a particularly abundant use of verb-listeners, often burdened with the semantics of multiplicity. The semantic-functional possibilities of the Georgian verb-listener are limitless with the writer. Means of Frequency as a semantic category is very interesting in the language of Guram Dochanashvili's works. It is expressed both in verb forms and in separate words and particles. Sometimes the writer even uses descriptive production to express multiplicity. Means of Frequency are found not only in the para-parasitic construct but also in the hypotaxic construct components of the sentence, both in the main and in the dependent. It is also abundantly proved in the hypotaxic construction containing the time-dependent sentence.
Imitate Sounds, Onomatopoeia and Interjection in Paremies (on example of Russian and Georgian Proverbs)
Authors: Gambashidze Manana
Published: September 2021

In the article there are discussed topics that are less studied in linguistics: Imitate sounds, interjection, onomatopoeia, reflection of productivity in Russian and Georgian proverbs. The results of the study are summarized in tables. The research enables the separation of universals in Georgian and Russian paremies, the presentation of their role in the emotional-aesthetic function of paremies on the basis of analysis and conclusions. It is well known in linguistics that imitate sounds is a well-known method used by the classics, often used by modern poets and writers. In each language, sound imitation has its own peculiarities. Onomatopoeias are lexical units derived from sound imitation phonemes. As for the interjections - this is a universal group of sounds, which expresses the imitation of the emotions of the speaker and is widely used in prose, fables, riddles, poetry. Imitation sounds and interjection are not characterized by morphological features, do not perform a nominative function. All three methods are distinguished by special features for all languages. Our research also confirms their use in Russian and Georgian proverbs, with relatively less productivity.
Psycho-Linguistic Aspects of Gender Vocabulary in Female Characters (Based on the American Animated Movie)
Authors: Garibashvili Manana , Lazviashvili Shorena
Published: September 2021

In general, animated films are very interesting resources carrying the educational and upbringing functions. In addition, animated movies are rich in cultural elements that are an interesting visualization of the identity of a country or a nation.Animation has a long history of development. It is noteworthy to mention that the golden age of American animated art originated in 1928 and lasted until the 60s.The aim of the study is to provide a linguistic analysis of the linguistic aspects of gender, in particular femininity based on the American animated movie “American Tail” directed by Don Bluth in 1986 .The paper mainly uses qualitative research, observation and analysis methods, which allowed us to observe and analyze in detail the psycho-linguistic aspects of femininity in the speech of female characters.
Contrastive analysis of the two translations of Shota Rustaveli’s aphorisms into the English Language
Authors: Dzamukashvili Nino
Published: September 2021

Our article is an attempt to represent a contrastive analysis of the two translations of Shota Rustaveli’s aphorisms from his timeless epic poem The Night in the Panther’s Skin into the English language; those of by Marjory Scott Wardrop and Venera Urushadze. Our study revealed that though very conscientiously done, both translations lack the lustre and rhyme and rhythm of the poetry of the great poem and the compensation is often rendered on behalf of other stylistic or lexical devices; namely it is alliteration and consonance, parallel structures, in most cases. We have also come to realize that the second translation, by Ms. V. Urushadze is certainly greatly indebted to the first one for both: choice of wording and structure of a phrase. However, it should be noted that Ms. V. Urushadze took more liberty at rendering the aphorisms into English, making them more extended and stylistically more expressive. We hope our little study will be of interest to those individuals who are fascinated by translation challenges and especially that of almost impossible task– translation of great poetry.
Prevalence of Different Brands and SMBG Frequency of Glucometer in Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Pradhan Abhishek , P P Arya , Shabaraya A.R.
Published: September 2021

Glucometer is helpful to find out the glucose in blood. The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency of self-monitoring of glucose and the prevalence of different brands of glucometer used by the diabetic patients. The prospective observational study was conducted among 150 patients above 18 years of age. 45.33% of participants were males and 54.67% of patients were females. The big percentage of age group belongs to 51-70 years (76.6%) followed by 71-90 years (16%) and age of 31-50 years (7.3%). Of the total, 24% has elementary school education, were 33.3% high school pass outs, and 42.6% were college/university graduates. Out of 150 patients, 54.67% used glucometer and 45.33% were not using glucometer. Among these, 30.49% used Accu-chek, 21.95% One-touch, 14.63% Gluco-one and 32.93% used other brands. Out of 54.67%, 5.33% of people were using daily, 21.33% weekly once, 28.00% were using monthly and 45.33% were not using glucometer.
The present study concluded that SMBG is to help people with diabetes to improve their glycemic control. The relationship between blood glucose and SMBG frequency supported the view that SMBG is an essential element in diabetes management. The patient compliance regarding SMBG is finite. Thus, almost 60% of patients did not perform daily SMBG and above 45% did not perform routine test. Accu-chek glucometer to have an acceptable accuracy with the sensitivity of 81%, specificity 65%, PPV (positive predictive value) 74% and NPV (negative predictive value) 74%. Accu-chek was found to be the most accurate and widely used glucometer.

Key words: Frequency, Glucometer brand, SMBG (Self monitoring of blood glucose).
Determinants of Mompreneur Performance in the Pandemic Era (Case Study of Medan City
Mompreneurs)
Authors: . Aisyah , Hutagalung Arif Qaedi , Sofiyah Fivi Rahmatus
Published: September 2021

The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic that attacks all parts of the world causes various problems ranging from physical, psychological, spiritual and economic health. Government of Indonesia in order to reduce the number of growth positive Covid-19 then make various kinds of policies. Meanwhile, women due to the Covid-19 pandemic bear a double burden, because of the work from home and school from home policies. Thus, women must be able to allocate their time to take care of the household, accompany their children to study, as well as work. The purpose of women entering the business world is not only about financial problems, but also to follow the intrinsic needs and a sense of satisfaction with the achievements that have been made, especially mompreneurs in Indonesia can be a driving force in the process of empowering women which has a positive impact on the country's economy, especially in helping the family economy. Mompreneur generally start business from small to capitalize skills and capital are limited. Mompreneur is believed to continue to grow from the small business level to become a large business and even be able to compete at the international level. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of self-efficacy, self-esteem, the orientation of the market and the orientation of the innovation to the performance of mompreneur through a commitment to entrepreneurship. This research was conducted in the city of Medan on mompreneur with a sample of 255 respondents. Results of the study showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem, the orientation of the market and the orientation of the innovation impact significantly on the performance of mompreneur through a commitment to entrepreneurship.

Keywords: Self Esteem, Self Efficacy, Market Orientation, Market Innovation, Performance of Mompreneur, Commitment to Entrepreneurship.
Analysis of the Effect of Macro Economic Indicators and Dow Jones Index on IDX Composite in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Sihombing Isra Rafika , . Irsad , Tanjung Ahmad Albar
Published: September 2021

Study aims to analyze the macroeconomic effect of the Dow Jones index on IDX Composite on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The variables used in the macro economy are inflation, kurs, SBI rate, FED rate. Another variable is the Dow Jones index. This study uses quarterly secondary data from 2010 to 2020. The data analysis model uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results of the ARDL model analysis show that in the long term inflation, kurs, and FED rate has a negative and insignificant effect on the IDX Composite, SBI rate variable has a positive and not significant effect on the IDX Composite, the Dow Jones index variable has a positive and no significant effect on the IDX Composite significant to the IDX Composite. In the short term, inflation has a negative and insignificant effect on the IDX Composite, kurs has a negative and significant effect on the IDX Composite, SBI rate has a positive and insignificant effect on the IDX Composite, FED rate and the Dow Jones index have a positive and significant effect on the IDX Composite.

Keywords: IDX Composite, Inflation, Kurs, SBI Rate, FED Rate, Dow Jones index.
Mozart, Jommelli, Cimarosa: zu einigen Arien
Authors: Lippmann Friedrich
Published: September 2021

Vier Arien Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts (KV 528, 578, 294, 538) werden mit textgleichen Arien Niccolò Jommellis und Domenico Cimarosas verglichen. Es wird offenbar, dass Mozart Jommellis entsprechende Arie gut kannte, als er KV 528 vertonte. Und es zeigt sich deutlich, dass etwa 1785-1790 von allen italienischen Komponisten Cimarosa dem Salzburger Meister am nächsten stand.
Hammerschmidt bei den Meistersingern
Authors: Schumann Eva
Published: September 2021

Am Anfang eines Manuskripts der Nürnberger Meistersinger des späten 17. Jahrhunderts fanden sich fünf Einträge von Tänzen, teilweise mit Diminutionen. Im Hauptteil enthält die Handschrift Will IH. 792 der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg zusammen mit weiteren Heften gleicher Provenienz eine weitgehend vollständige Sammlung der in der Nürnberger Meistersingergesellschaft bekannten Melodien. Notiert sind diese jedoch in querformatigen Notenbüchlein, wie sie von und für Dilettanten zu Übung, Lehre und Ergötzung angelegt wurden. Wie diese enthält die Quelle auch didaktische Notizen. Während die überlieferten Amateurnotenbücher meist für Tasten- und Zupfinstrumente bestimmt waren, lassen sich die einstimmigen Notate in dem Manuskript der Gambe oder Violine zuordnen. Identifiziert werden konnte die Sarabande als Cantus von Nr. 25 aus Andreas Hammerschmidts Sammlung "Ander Theil Newer Paduanen, Galliarden etc." (1639) für Violen-Consort. Moderne Stilelemente sind hier neben der Tanzform Sarabande dynamische und andere Vortragsbezeichnungen (zum Beispiel Echos). Sie fehlen in der Abschrift. Im Aufsatz werden die RISM-Angaben über die Aufbewahrungsorte von Drucken des Hammerschmidt'schen Sammelwerks aktualisiert. Der Überlieferung handschriftlicher Exzerpte wird nachgespürt. Der Sammler und Hauptschreiber der Tönekollektion ist anonym, identifiziert wird ein späterer Lektor Mezner. Eine weitere Spur vom Gebrauch der Notenhefte außerhalb der Meistersingeraktivitäten ist der Eintrag eines Klavierstücks des Nürnberger Komponisten Johann Krieger (Druck 1697) in Will 111. 794.