bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for 2 Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age 3 and Disease: An MRI Structural Study for the Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Plini Emanuele Raffaele Giuliano , O'Hanlon Erik , Boyle Rory , Sibilia Francesca , Rikhye Gaia , Kenney Joanne , Whelan Robert , Melnychuk Michael Christopher , Robertson Ian Hamilton , Dockree Paul Michael
Published: June 2021

The noradrenergic theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the upregulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the Brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test the above-mentioned theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer’s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC volume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD – an objective measure which compares an individual’s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual’s age). Further analyses were carried out on Reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored along with gender differences. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic (NA) hypothesis. The antithetic relationships were also tested across the neuromodulatory subcortical systems.Results supported by bayesian modelling showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance across the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on the noradrenergic system (e.g. cognitive-attentive training, physical exercise, pharmacological and dietary interventions) may yield important clinical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.
Exosome TDP-43 Profile in Canine Model of ALS: A Preliminary Study in Developing Surrogate Biomarker
Authors: Pfeiffer Penelope , Coates Joan R. , Kennedy Andrew , Getchell Kyleigh , Kosa Edina , Agbas Abdulbaki
Published: June 2021

Blood-based biomarkers are much-needed diagnostic and prognostic tools for ALS. Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is recognized animal disease model to study the biology of human ALS. Serum derived exosomes are potential carrier that transport intercellular hormone-like messengers, together with their stability as carrier of proteins and RNA, make them ideal as biomarkers for a variety of diseases and biological processes. We study exosomal TDP-43 pattern as a surrogate biomarker that reflects biochemical changes in central nervous system. We isolated exosomes from canine serum using commercial exosome isolation reagents. TDP-43 and SOD1 profile in spinal cord homogenate lysate and that of serum-derived exosomes were found elevated in dogs with DM. We conclude levels of spinal cord TDP-43 and serum-derived exomes were similar in TDP-43 profiling, which warrant further investigation of disease sensitivity and specificity for establishing as a blood-based biomarker in canine DM.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PERMAINAN TONNIS MENGGUNAKAN MODIFIKASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Fariza Ahsan Hakim , Syaifullah Rony
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of the tonnis game in fourth grade students in SD Negeri Banyuanyar II Surakarta in academic year 2017/2018.

This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK). This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Subjects in Classroom Action Research are fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banyuanyar II Surakarta, amounting to 36 students consisting of 21 male students and 15 female students. Sources of data in this study were obtained from students, researchers and teachers as collaborators. Data collection techniques use tests and observations. Data validity using data triangulation technique. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive technique based on qualitative analysis percentage.

The results of the research on prasiklus stage are only 12 students who completed with the percentage 33.33% and 24 students not complete with the percentage of 66.67%. First cycle obtained the results of student learning that has been completed as many as 25 students (69.44%) and 11 students are not complete (30.56%). The acquisition of affective averages (72.22%), psychomotor (58.33%) and cognitive (77.78%). Second cycle obtained the results of student learning that has been completed as many as 28 students (77.78%) and 8 students is not complete (22.22%). The acquisition of affective averages (100%), psychomotor (86.11%) and cognitive (77.78%). Based on the analysis results from cycle I and cycle II showed a significant increase and according to achievement targets.

Based on the research results obtained the conclusion that: Modification of learning media can improve the learning outcomes of basic motion of the game tonnis on the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banyuanyar II Surakarta academic year 2017/2018.

 
ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF IAIN SALATIGA STUDENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION LECTURES
Authors: Rozi Fatkhur
Published: June 2021

Nutritional status is a component that affects the level of health and fitness. The level of nutritional status is very important to monitor the condition. Nutritional status monitoring can be carried out during physical education learning because one of the learning objectives is to improve physical fitness and the level of nutritional status plays a role in it. Objective: Assessing the level of nutritional status of IAIN Salatiga students in physical education lectures. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach and is analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The population of this study was 127 students of IAIN Salatiga who attended physical education lectures. The sampling technique used is the Non Probability Sampling Technique with a census. The results were 10 severely underweight students, 22 underweight students, 75 normal students, 11 overweight students, and 9 obese students. Eight male students have normal status, 1 person is underweight, and 3 people are obese. Meanwhile, female students with normal status are 67 people, underweight are 21 people, severely underweight are 10 people, overweight are 11 people, and obese are 6 people. This study concludes that students of IAIN Salatiga who take physical education lectures generally have a normal nutritional status, but there are still some students who are severely underweight and obese who are at risk of disease.
Political party elite and election-related violence in Nigeria: The nexus and implications for democracy and governance
Authors: Moliki Ahmed Olawale
Published: June 2021

Failure to conduct violence-free elections in Nigeria has frequently reflected in the writings of local and foreign election observers and monitoring groups. Previous studies have devoted much attention to the consequences of electoral violence on sustenance and consolidation of democracy but less attention has been paid to the role political party elite play in this violence. This study examined the role of political party elite in election-related violence in Nigeria, 2011-2019. It equally assessed its nexus and implications for democracy and governance. The study utilized documentary research method using qualitative documentary analysis to analyze the data obtained from secondary sources following four-step approach. Findings revealed that political party elite exerted greater influence on politically-sponsored thugs, who were utilized to perpetrate election-related violence due to zerosum game, winners-takes-all syndrome, and non-punishment of electoral offenders with far-reaching implications for popular participation, free, fair and credible election, party politics, leadership legitimacy and stable polity. The study submitted that curbing party elite-sponsored electoral violence requires that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the National Assembly wake up to their responsibility of ensuring strict enforcement of laws for electoral offences as this would deter both sponsors and perpetrators from engaging in violence during election.
Becoming a gay caretaker of a religious image (Camarero): Catholic devotion in the Philippines as a gendered social practice
Authors: Romerosa Peter , Antonio John Francis
Published: June 2021

Pagsasanto or the beliefs and practices associated with the caretaking of religious images is a Catholic devotion brought by the Spanish colonization in the Philippines. The history of pagsasanto illuminates a religious tradition exclusively performed by old-rich women (camareras) and prominent political families. At present, the changing gender roles in pagsasanto through the growing participation of gay caretakers of religious images (camareros) has redefined the practice. This shift prompted the researchers to investigate how gender mediates a devotional practice and how gender is constructed, negotiated, and performed through pagsasanto. Using ethnography, the researchers did participant observation to examine the meanings and practices associated with pagsasanto activities such as decorating the image and its carriage as well as joining the procession. To facilitate further analysis, interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken among four gay informants, highlighting their life histories as image caretakers. Data were categorized through themes and analysed from a critical cultural perspective. The research found that gender mediates pagsasanto and vice versa. The becoming of a gay camarero is rooted in cultural practice and familial Catholic tradition. The changing meanings of pagsasanto arecontingent on gender performativity, market, social media and the growingcommunity networks.
Study on the influence of composite soil on the slope stability of farmland during in land consolidation
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Liu Wujiang , Li Xiaoshun , Yang Song , Xu Chao , Wang Yuexiang , Duan Qingsong , Zheng Honggang
Published: June 2021

To improve the stability of sloping farmland, the optimal ratio parameter of composite soil was determined. Single and mixed composite soils were prepared with three improved materials of glutinous rice glue, wood fibres and coarse sand for indoor direct shear tests and pot experiments. Based on the different moisture and soil contents, the shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the composite soil were analyzed, and the proportioning parameters were adjusted according to the suitability of plant growth. Slope stability analysis was performed in combination with the actual case of slope farmland improvement. The research results show that (1) different soil improvement materials are affected by moisture in different sections. The maximum shear strengths of composite soil with glutinous rice glue, wood fibre, and coarse sand correspond to 11%, 14% and 32% of the optimal moisture content respectively. The change in the content of the modified material will affect the soil structure, and the shear strengths of the single composite soils are the highest when the content of the modified material are 1.5%, 5% and 15%. (2) According to the shear strength and the suitability of plant growth, the contents of the glutinous rice glue, wood fibre, and coarse sand of the mixed composite soil were determined by the optimal ratio parameters of 1.5%:2.5%:15%. (3)In this application, the minimum safety factor of mixed (1.5% glutinous rice glue, 2.5% wood fibre, and 15% coarse sand) composite soil is higher than that of single composite soil at slopes of 10°, 15°, and 20°. Under different water contents, the overall stability of the mixed composite soil slope improves.
Ag nanoparticle-decorated SiO2@TiO2 hierarchical microspheres improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sun Junchen , Fang Min , Zhu Weiju , Wu Zhenyu , Li Cun
Published: June 2021

SiO2@TiO2-Ag (STA) microspheres decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared and assembled into the photoanode. The photoanode composed of STA microspheres and TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) was prepared by doctor blade method. UV-vis measurement indicates that the introduction of a few STA microspheres observably enhance the light scattering and capturing ability of the photoanode. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with 2wt% STA photoanode increased to 7.4% from 4.3% comparing with pure P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. The configuration DSSCs have the maximum short circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.0 mA cm− 2 and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.780 V, which are significantly higher than the pure TiO2 DSSCs. The significant improvement of the DSSCs performance can be due to the synergistic effect of the superior light scattering of STA and the localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs modified on the microspheres surface.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in low temperature sewage with iron-carbon SBR system
Authors: li wei , Gao Mingjie , Wang He , Hou Yunhe , Chen Yiming , Wang Yuqi
Published: June 2021

This study proposed an AO-SBR combined with iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) particles system for sewage treatment at low temperature and explored the dephosphorization mechanism and microbial community structure. The experimental results illustrated that ICME particles contributed to phosphorus removal, metabolic mechanism and microbial community structure. The optimal treatment effect was achieved under the conditions of pH 7, DO 3.0 mg/L and particle dosage of 2.6 g Fe-C/g MLSS, and the removal rates of COD, TP, NH4+-N and TN reached 80.56%, 91.46%, 69.42% and 57.57%. The proportion of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) increased from 4.54% in SBR system to 10.89% in ICME-SBR system at 10°C. Additionally, metabolic rate of PAOs was promoted, and the activities of DHA and ETS both reached the maximum value of 13.34 ug·mg− 1VSS·h− 1 and 102.88 ug·mg− 1VSS·h− 1. These results suggest that the ICME particles could improve the performance of activated sludge under low-temperature conditions. This technology provides a new way for upgrading of the performance of sewage treatment in cold area
UnMICST: Deep learning with real augmentation for robust segmentation of highly multiplexed images of human tissues
Authors: Yapp Clarence , Novikov Edward , Jang Won-Dong , Chen Yu-An , Cicconet Marcelo , Maliga Zoltan , Jacobson Connor , Wei Donglai , Santagata Sandro , Pfister Hanspeter , Sorger Peter
Published: June 2021

Newly developed technologies have made it feasible to routinely collect highly multiplexed (20-60 channel) images at subcellular resolution from human tissues for research and diagnostic purposes. Extracting single cell data from such images requires efficient and accurate image segmentation. This starts with identification of nuclei, a challenging problem in tissue imaging that has recently benefited from the use of deep learning. In this paper, we demonstrate two generally applicable approaches to improving segmentation accuracy for multiple human tissues. The first involves the use of “real augmentations” during training. These augmentations comprise defocused and saturated image data and improve model accuracy whereas computational augmentation (Gaussian blurring) does not. The second involves collection of nuclear envelope data to better identify nuclear outlines. The two approaches cumulatively and substantially improve segmentation with three different deep learning frameworks, yielding a set of highly accurate segmentation models. We speculate that the use of real augmentations may have applications in image processing outside of microscopy.
Asymptotic Limit-cycle Analysis of Oscillating Chemical Reactions
Authors: Brizard Alain , Berry Samuel
Published: June 2021

The asymptotic limit-cycle analysis of mathematical models for oscillating chemical reactions is presented. In this work, after a brief presentation of mathematical preliminaries applied to the biased Van der Pol oscillator, we consider a two-dimensional model of the Chlorine dioxide Iodine Malonic-Acid (CIMA) reactions and the three-dimensional and two-dimensional Oregonator models of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reactions. Explicit analytical expressions are given for the relaxation-oscillation periods of these chemical reactions that are accurate within 5% of their numerical values. In the two-dimensional CIMA and Oregonator models, we also derive critical parameter values leading to canard explosions and implosions in their associated limit cycles.
Can The Timing And Duration of Planktonic Larval Development Determine Invasion Success? A Case Study Comparing Range Expansion In The European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, And The Native Lined Shore Crab, Pachygrapsus Crassipes, In The North-Eastern Pacific.
Authors: Yamada Sylvia Behrens , Shanks Alan L. , Thomson Richard E.
Published: June 2021

Major El Niño events and oceanic heat waves are linked to the range expansion of many marine species. For the shores of the northeast Pacific, we compared range expansion in the European green crab, Carcinus maenas, which was introduced to San Francisco Bay prior to 1990, to that of the native lined-shore crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, which has existed on the coast since at least the end of the last Ice Age (>10,000 years ago). The initial northern range limit of these species was central California and central Oregon, respectively. Both species increased their northern range along the open coast to northern Oregon, Washington and Vancouver Island after strong El Niño events. C. maenas, however, in just a matter of decades, successfully established populations in inlets on the west coast of Vancouver Island, and possibly also in the Salish Sea, while P. crassipes, in thousands of years, never has. We hypothesize that this difference in invasion success is due to the shorter larval duration of C. maenas, < 2 months, compared to that of P. crassipes, 3-4 months and timing of larval release, winter for both species. Because the residency times of water in the inlets of the west coast of Vancouver Island are ~1-2 months, they can act as an incubator for the larvae of C. maenas, while those of P. crassipes are likely flushed out to the open sea before they can complete their development.
Effects of Cropping Practice on Bupleurum Chinense Rhizosphere Microbial Community
Authors: Liu Li , Cao Hailu , Geng Yannan , Fan Ya , Feng Haiyang , Du Kan , Bu Xun , Gao Demin
Published: June 2021

It is of great importance to understand the effects of cropping practices of Bupleurum chinense on the properties of rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the chemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the rhizosphere microbiome were assessed in the field trial with Bupleurum and three cropping practices (continuous monocropping, Bupleurum-corn intercropping and Bupleurum-corn rotation). The results showed cropping practices changed the chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil and composition, structure and diversity of the rhizosphere microbial communities. Continuous monocropping of Bupleurum chinense not only decreased soil pH and the contents of NO3--N and available K, but also decreased the alpha diversity of bacteria and beneficial microorganisms. However, Bupleurum-corn rotation improved soil chemical properties and reduced the abundance of harmful microorganisms. Soil chemical properties, especially the contents of NH4+-N, soil organic matter (SOM) and available K, were the key factors affecting the structure and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil. These findings could provide a new basis for overcoming problems associated with continuous cropping and promote development of B. chinense planting industry by improving soil microbial communities.
The Impact of Sex Chromosome Trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY) on Social Attention and Affect Recognition: A Cross-Sectional Eye Tracking Study
Authors: Bouw Nienke , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , Cordeiro Lisa , Rijn Sophie van
Published: June 2021

Background

About 1:650–1000 children are born with an extra X or Y chromosome (47,XXX; 47,XXY; 47,XYY), which results in a Sex Chromosome Trisomy (SCT). This international cross-sectional study was designed to investigate social attention and affect recognition during early life of children with SCT, with the aim to find indicators for support and treatment.
Methods

A group of 101 children with SCT (aged 1–7 years old; Mage= 3.7 years) was included in this study, as well as a population-based sample of 98 children without SCT (Mage= 3.7). Social attention was measured using an eye tracking method that quantifies first fixations and fixation durations on eyes of static faces and fixation durations on social information (eyes, faces) in a dynamic paradigm (with two conditions: single face and multiple faces). Affect recognition was measured using the subtest Affect Recognition of the NEPSY-II neuropsychological test battery. Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and the United States.
Results

Eyetracking results reveal that children with SCT show lower proportions fixation duration on social information already from the age of three years, compared to children without SCT. Also, impairments in the clinical range for affect recognition were found (32.2% of the SCT group scored in the well below average range); these difficulties increase with age.
Conclusions

These results highlight the importance to further explore the development of social cognition skills of children with SCT in a longitudinal design, the monitoring of affect recognition skills, and the implementation of (preventive) interventions aiming to support the development of social attention and affect recognition.
Effects of Soybean and Rice Bran Oil Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Ruminal Fermentation in Surti Goats
Authors: Raval Ajay Prahladbhai , Patel Vipul R , Sorathiya Lalitchandra M , Movalia Jignesh K
Published: June 2021

A study was conducted to observe the effect of soybean and rice bran oil supplementation onnutrient utilization, lactation performance and ruminal fermentation in Surti goats. Twentyfour multiparous lactating Surti does were distributed into four homogenous groups for entirelactation of 150 days. Control group (CON) was offered a basal diet consisting of compoundconcentrate mixture, green jowar and pigeon pea straws without any oil supplementation,while other treatment groups were additionally supplemented with soybean oil @ 3% of DMI(SBO), rice bran oil @ 3% of DMI (RBO) and equi-propotional blend of soybean oil and ricebran oil @ 3.0 % of DMI (SRBO). DM, CP, NDF and ADF intake (g/d) and digestibility (%)remained statistically (p>0.05) similar amongst dietary treatments groups. EE intake (g/d)and digestibility (%) was significantly (p<0.01) improved in all three oils supplementedgroups as compared to control but values between oils supplemented groups remained at par(p>0.05). Nitrogen balance of experimental groups remained unaffected (p>0.05) and all theanimals were under positive nitrogen balance. Milk yield (kg/d), milk fat, SNF, protein,lactose, FCM and ECM yields (g/d) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in oilssupplemented groups as compared to control. Feed efficiency in terms of MY/DMI andFCM/DMI significantly (p<0.05) improved in SBO, RBO and SRBO as compared to CON.Soybean and rice bran oil supplementation either alone or in combination significantlyreduced (p<0.05) SCFA, MCFA, SFA with increased LCFA and PUFA in milk. However,values between oils supplemented groups remained at par (p>0.05). Oil supplementationincreased (p<0.001) oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) and linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) in SBO, RBO andSRBO as compared to CON while, linolenic acid (C18:3 n-9) remained non significantamongst treatments. Lipid quality indices (LQI) like atherogenicity index, thrombogenicityindex and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic (h/H) index were significantlyimproved in all the oils supplemented groups as compared to control. Rumen pH, totalnitrogen and its fractions (ammonia N, TCA precipitable N and soluble N) remained similar(p>0.05) amongst treatment except TVFA. Thus, supplementation of soybean oil and ricebran oil either alone or in combination in lactating goat can be effectively used to improveboth nutritional quantity and quality of milk.
Granular flow experiment using artificial gravity generator on International Space Station
Authors: Ozaki Shingo , Ishigami Genya , Otsuki Masatsugu , Miyamoto Hirdy , Wada Koji , Watanabe Yutaro , Nishino Takaru , Kojima Hiromichi , Soda Keinosuke , Nakao Yuki , Sutoh Masataku , Maeda Takao , Kobayashi Taizo
Published: June 2021

Studying the gravity-dependent characteristics of regolith, fine-grained granular media covering extra-terrestrial bodies is essential for the reliable design and analysis of landers and rovers for space exploration. We performed a granular flow experiment under stable artificial gravity conditions generated by a centrifuge on the International Space Station. We also performed a discrete element simulation of the granular flow in both artificial and natural gravity environments. The simulation results verified that the granular flows in artificial and natural gravity are consistent. Further, regression analysis of the granular flow results revealed that the mass flow rate quantitatively follows a well-known physics-based law with some deviations under low-gravity conditions, implying that the bulk density of the granular media decreases with gravity. This insight also indicates that the bulk density considered in simulation studies of space probes under low-gravity conditions needs to be tuned for their reliable design and analysis.
Orai1 Downregulation Causes Proliferation Reduction and Cell Cycle Arrest via Inactivation of the Ras-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Osteoblasts
Authors: Guo Yunshan , Hao Dingjun
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Orai1 in the regulation of the proliferation and cell cycle of osteoblasts. Methods: The expression of Orai1 was inhibited by Orai1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Following Orai1 downregulation, cell proliferation and cell cycle were examined. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK6 was analyzed. The activity of the Ras-NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated to identify the role of Orai1 in the regulation of osteoblast proliferation. Results: Orai1 was successfully downregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells by the Orai1 siRNA transfection (p <0.05). We found that MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was decreased, and the cell cycle was arrested by Orai1 downregulation (p <0.05). Additionally, the expression of cyclin D1 was decreased by Orai1 downregulation (p <0.05), as was the activity of the Ras-NF-κB signaling pathway (p <0.05). Orai1 siRNA did not further reduce cell proliferation, the proportion of cells in the S phase, and cyclin D1 expression after chemical blockage of the Ras signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells (p >0.05).Conclusion: The results reveal that Orai1 downregulation may reduce cyclin D1 expression by inactivating the Ras-NF-κB signaling pathway thus blocking osteoblast proliferation and cell cycle.
Biomechanics of Calcaneus Impacted by Talus: A Dynamic Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Huang Mengquan , Yu Bin , Li Yubiao , Liao Chunlai , Peng Jun , Guo Naiming
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe biomechanics of calcaneus impacted by the talus are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the talus impacting on the calcaneus at different falling speed, and analyze the factors affecting calcaneal fracture.Methods A finite element model including the talus, calcaneus and ligaments was built using a variety of three-dimensional reconstruction software. The method of explicit dynamics was used to analyze the process of the talus impacting the calcaneus. Stress values of the posterior, middle, and anterior subtalar articular surface(PSAS, ISAS, ASAS), the calcaneocubic articular surface(CAS), the bottom of the calcaneus(BC), the medial wall (MW)and lateral wall (LW) of the calcaneus were extracted. Stress quantity and distribution changes in various parts of the calcaneus changed with speed were analyzed.ResultsPosterior subtalar articular surface reached the peak stress first during the process of talus impacting the calcaneus. The stress was mainly concentrated on the PSAS, ASAS, MW and GA. Comparing with the speed of 5m/s, the average maximum stress increased in each region of the calcaneus were: PSAS 73.81%, ISAS 7.11%, ASAS 63.57%, GA 89.10%, LW 140.16%, CAS 140.58%, BC 137.67%, MW 135.99% at a speed of 10m/s. The regions where the stress were concentrated changed, and the magnitude and sequence of stress peaks of calcaneus changed with speed also during the impact.Conclusion The falling speed affected the value and distribution of stress of the calcaneus, which was the most important factor leading to a calcaneal fracture. The magnitude and sequence of stress peaks might be important factors in determining the beginning and direction of fracture lines.
Diarrhea Duration and Performance Outcomes of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves Supplemented with Bacteriophage
Authors: Schmoeller Evandro , de Matos Adriane D. C. , RAHAL NATALIA , Feijo Josiane O. , Brauner Cassio C. , Pino Francisco Augusto B. Del , Correa Marcio N. , Rabassa Viviane R.
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate lytic bacteriophage supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves over neonatal calf diarrhea and respiratory diseases occurrence, performance and biochemical parameters. Also, to determine bacterial agents causing NCD. Two hundred Holstein×Gyr crossbred female calves were divided into two groups: Control (CON, n = 100), no supplementation; and Bacteriophage (PHAGE, n = 100) bacteriophage supplementation (1 g/day) from d 3 until d 70 of life. Calves were monitored daily for respiratory disease and diarrhea, as for age at the first diarrheic episode and its duration. Fecal samples were cultured for isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. colonies and PCR was performed to identify E. coli virulence genes and to confirm Salmonella spp. Performance outcomes were evaluated up to 80 d of age. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, γ-glutamyl transferase and urea. PHAGE group had fewer days in diarrhea and duration of the first episode was lower, compared to CON group. Fecal samples of three animals in PHAGE and nine in CON were positive for E. coli in PCR. Thoracic perimeter tended to be higher in supplemented animals. Average daily gain mean of PHAGE was higher in the first 30 d of life, at the beginning of step-down weaning (up to 42 d) and after weaning (up to 80 d). PHAGE mean was lower for albumin and higher for urea. Therefore, phage therapy during the pre-weaned period reduced the duration of neonatal diarrhea, providing greater weight gain for calves.
Obstetric Outcomes After Perforation of Uterine Cavity
Authors: Schwarzman Polina , Baumfeld Yael , Mastrolia Salvatore Andrea , Yaniv-Salem Shimrit , Leron Elad , Silberstein Tali
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy characteristics and obstetric outcomes in patients after perforation of uterus.Study design: A retrospective, case control study was conducted and included all patients who were diagnosed with uterine perforation and treated in a tertiary referral medical center between the years 1996 to 2018. Up to two deliveries after perforations were investigated.Results: During the study period, 51 women were diagnosed with uterine perforation during gynecological procedures, including intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 27.9 (±4.7) years. The majority, 76.5% (n=39), experienced perforation during IUD insertion, and 23.5% (n=12) of the patients experienced perforation during surgical procedures. Most of the patients were multiparous or grand multiparous, 45.8. % (n=22) and 39.6% (n=19) respectively. Anteflexed uterus found in 86.4% of patients (n=38). Five patients (9.8%) had pelvic abscesses after the IUD insertion. 50 patients had 71 deliveries subsequent the uterine perforation. One patient had intrauterine fetal death due to fetal malformations. One patient had uterine rupture. No other major obstetric complications were noted.Conclusion: Uterine perforation may impair obstetric outcomes; the possibility of uterine rupture must be considered while managing deliveries of patients post uterine perforation.
Distinction of Consciousness Fields According to Taheri from Other Conventional Physical Fields: Evaluating the Magnetic Properties of Materials
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Payervand Forouz , Ahmadkhanlou Farzad , Torabi Sara , Semsarha Farid
Published: June 2021

Magnetization hysteresis loop provides important information about the magnetic properties of materials. In this study, by examining the magnetic properties of three paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials in the vicinity of the Consciousness Fields (three types 1,2 and 3), we have investigated the nature of the Consciousness Fields in comparison with magnetic field. The magnetic properties of the materials under the influence of three distinct Consciousness Fields have changed significantly. Furthermore, the Consciousness Field 1 of the present study (with originally named Faradarmani by Taheri) has changed the magnetic properties of materials toward their physically inherent state in standard laboratory conditions. Based on the conditions and the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the Consciousness Fields are inherently neither electric nor magnetite fields and have a completely different and distinct impact on materials and their properties.
Measurement and Modeling of Clemastine Fumarate (Antihistamine Drug) Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Sodeifian Gholamhossein , Garlapati Chandrasekhar , Razmimanesh Fariba , Ghanaat-Ghamsari Marziehsadat
Published: June 2021

The solubilities of clemastine fumarate in supercritical carbon dioxide) ScCO2( were measured for the first time at temperature (308 to 338 K) and pressure (12 to 27 MPa). The measured solubilities were reported in terms of mole faction and it is ranged from 1.61 ×10− 6 to 9.41×10− 6. Various models were used to correlate the data. The efficacy of the models was quantified with corrected Akaike’s information criterion (AICc). A new cluster salvation model was derived to correlate the solubility data. The new model was able to correlate the data and deviation was 10.3% in terms of average absolute relative deviation (AARD). Furthermore, the measured solubilities were also correlated with existing K.-W. Chen et al., cluster salvation model, equation of state (EoS) model and few density models. Among density models, Tippana and Garlapati model was observed to be the best model and corresponding AARD% was 7.57 (corresponding AICc is -678.88). The Peng-Robinson equation of state as temperature independent was able to correlate the data and deviation was 8.25% in terms of AARD% (corresponding AICc is -674.88). Moreover, thermodynamic enthalpies of clemastine fumarate were estimated.
Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative T1a Versus T1b and T1c Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Fasano Genevieve A , Bayard Solange , Chen Yalei , Varella Leticia , Cigler Tessa , Simmons Rache , Swistel Alexander , Marti Jennifer , Moore Anne , Andreopoulou Eleni , Ng John , Brandmaier Andrew , Formenti Silvia , Ali Haythem , Davis Melissa , Newman Lisa
Published: June 2021

Purpose: National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) if the tumor is > 1 cm and consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy for T1b but not T1a disease. These recommendations are based upon sparse data regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in T1a and T1b node-negative TNBC. Our objective was to clarify the benefits of chemotherapy for patients with T1N0 TNBC, stratified by tumor size.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of survival outcomes in an IRB-approved prospectively-maintained database of TNBC patients treated at two academic institutions in the United States from 1999-2018. Primary tumor size, histology, and nodal status were based upon definitive surgical pathology. Mean follow-up was 5.3 years.Results: 756 TNBC cases were analyzed; 258 T1N0 TNBC patients were identified. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered to 30.5% of T1a, 64.7% T1b, and 83.9% T1c (p < 0.0001). Factors associated with delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy were age, histology, high-grade disease, and postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. At a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, increase in overall survival was associated with use of chemotherapy in patients with T1c disease (93.2% v. 75.2% p = 0.008) but not in those with T1a (100% v. 100% p = 0.3778) or T1b (100% v. 95.8% p = 0.2362) disease.Conclusion: Our data support current guidelines indicating benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative TNBC associated with T1c tumors but excellent outcomes were observed in cases of T1a and T1b disease, regardless of whether adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered.
Post-Synthetic Modification of UiO66 and its Application in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Qin Mingshan , Gao Juan , Wei Dongwei , Li Liuan , Li Cun , Yang Linyan
Published: June 2021

Because of their unique surface area and adjustable pore size, Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs) have been widely used in lots of research fields, such as catalysis, energy storage, sensing, separation. In this paper, as for the Knoevenagel reaction, UiO66 and other UiO series MOFs were synthesized and modified. UiO66 nanoparticles were prepared by one-pot method. 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine were used to prepare UiO66-2Py, UiO66-3Py and UiO66-4Py nanoparticles. UiO66-2Py, UiO66-3Py and UiO66-4Py nanoparticles were modified by activated arginine, lysine and glycine to synthesize UiO66-2Py-Arg, UiO66-3Py-Lys and UiO66-4Py-Gly. Finally, the obtained samples were used for the Knoevenagel catalytic condensation reactions of benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. In this process, the prepared samples and their intermediates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), which showed that the modification of UiO66 was successful. UiO66-3Py-Lys and UiO66-4Py-Gly showed high catalytic activity in the supernatant determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, and UiO66-4Py-Gly showed the best catalytic effects at the volume of 0.4mL benzaldehyde.
DeeReCT-TSS: A novel meta-learning-based method annotates TSS in multiple cell types based on DNA sequences and RNA-seq data
Authors: Zhou Juexiao , zhang bin , Li Haoyang , Zhou Longxi , Li Zhongxiao , Long Yongkang , Han Wenkai , Wang Mengran , Cui Huanhuan , Chen Wei , Gao Xin
Published: June 2021

The accurate annotation of transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage is critical for the mechanistic understanding of gene regulation under different biological contexts. To fulfil this, on one hand, specific high-throughput experimental technologies have been developed to capture TSSs in a genome-wide manner. On the other hand, various computational tools have also been developed for in silico prediction of TSSs solely based on genomic sequences. Most of these computational tools cast the problem as a binary classification task on a balanced dataset and thus result in drastic false positive predictions when applied on the genome-scale. To address these issues, we present DeeReCT-TSS, a deep-learning-based method that is capable of TSSs identification across the whole genome based on both DNA sequences and conventional RNA-seq data. We show that by effectively incorporating these two sources of information, DeeReCT-TSS significantly outperforms other solely sequence-based methods on the precise annotation of TSSs used in different cell types. Furthermore, we develop a meta-learning-based extension for simultaneous transcription start site (TSS) annotation on 10 cell types, which enables the identification of cell-type-specific TSS. Finally, we demonstrate the high precision of DeeReCT-TSS on two independent datasets from the ENCODE project by correlating our predicted TSSs with experimentally defined TSS chromatin states. Our application, pre-trained models and data are available at https://github.com/JoshuaChou2018/DeeReCT-TSS_release.
Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Self-association Sites in M- Crystallin Caused by Mutations Provide Insights of Cataract
Authors: Patel Sunita , Hosur Ramakrishna V.
Published: June 2021

Crystallins are ubiquitous, however, prevalence is seen in eye lens. Eye lens crystallins are long-lived and structural intactness is required for maintaining lens transparency and protein solubility. Mutations in crystallin often lead to cataract. In this study, we performed mutations at specific sites of M-crystallin, a close homologue of eye lens crystallin and studied by employing replica exchange molecular dynamics with generalized Born solvation model. Mutations were made on the Ca2+ binding residues (K34D and S77D) and in the hydrophobic core (W45R) which is known to cause congenital cataract in homologous γD-crystallin. The chosen mutations caused large motion of the N-terminal Greek key, concomitantly break the interlocking Greek keys interactions and perturbed the compact core resulting in several folded and partially unfolded states. Partially unfolded states expose large hydrophobic patches that can act as precursors for self-aggregation. Accumulation of such aggregates is the potential cause of cataract in homologous crystallins.
Zonality of ore-forming chrome spinels of medium-chrome and aluminous chromitites of the Voikaro-Syninsky massif
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, SHIRYAEV Pavel Borisovich , VAKHRUSHEVA Nadezhda Vladimirovna ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: June 2021

Relevance of the work. The conditions for the formation of chromium ores in alpine-type ultramafites remain a topical subject of research. In recent years, scientific papers have focused on the issue of changing the chemical composition of ore-forming minerals and chromium ores under the influence of deformation and dynamic recrystallization processes accompanying metamorphism. The results of such studies make it possible to formulate a new model of the formation of chromium mineralization taking into account a significant amount of geological data indicating that alpine-type ultramafic rocks are “mantle tectonites”. In our work, we have studied zonal ore-forming spinels from chrome ores of the Polar Urals. The results of the study make it possible to associate the formation of chemical zoning in minerals and ore bodies with recrystallization under the influence of stress tension. Purpose of the work – study of the conditions for the formation of chemical zoning of chromium spinels from alumina and medium chromium ores of the Voikaro-Syninsky massif. Results. Zonal ore-forming spinels from medium-chromium and aluminous chromitites of the Voikaro-Syninsky massif (Polar Urals) have been studied. It was found that replacement rims are developed along the grains of oreforming spinels with an increased content of Cr2 O3 and an oxidation state of iron in relation to the core, as well as a reduced content of Al2 O3 . The oxidation state of iron in the rims of most grains does not exceed the values typical for unaltered ore-forming spinels. T–fO2 parameters of zoning formation in spinels were determined by oxythermobarometry. Comparison with zoned chrome spinels of the Golyamo Kamenyane massif (Bulgaria). Conclusion. Metamorphic transformations of alumina and medium-chromium chromitites of the Voikaro-Syninsky massif, occurring under subcrustal conditions under the action of directional stress at relatively constant T–fO2 parameters, lead to an increase in the chromium content of the ore mineral.
A final word on FCNC-Baryogenesis from two Higgs doublets
Authors: Hou Wei-Shu , Modak Tanmoy , Plehn Tilman
Published: June 2021

Electroweak baryogenesis in a two-Higgs doublet model is a
well-motivated and testable scenario for physics beyond the Standard
Model. An attractive way of providing CP violation is through
flavor-changing Higgs couplings, where the top-charm coupling is
hardly constrained. This minimal scenario can be tested by searching for
heavy charged and neutral Higgs bosons at the LHC. While the charged
Higgs signature requires a dedicated analysis, the neutral Higgs
signature will be covered by a general search for same-sign top
pairs. Together, they provide a conclusive test of this kind of
baryogenesis.
Prospects of using the TVGD-02 tonometer for assisted monitoring of intraocular pressure at home
Authors: Filippova O. M. , Bessmertny A. M. , Kuzin M. N. , Petrov S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the safety and convenience of self-using the intraocular pressure tonometer TVGD-02 at home with no participation of medical professionals. Material and methods. 42 people formed 30 pairs: a patient and an assistant. In 9 pairs, each person played both roles. The participants practiced the technique of transpalpebral measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) at home, and, as assistants, measured IOP of their partner patients. All subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire to evaluate the convenience and safety of the tonometer use by a 5-point system. Results. The assistant users, aged 22 to 83 (ave. 59.68 ± 17.20 years) had diverse educational levels. Of the patient users, aged 22 to 82 (ave. 60.64 ± 17.10 years), 82.14 % had ocular pathology, while 35.7 % had glaucoma with concomitant pathology. In 100 % of cases, the participants required no professional assistance to properly prepare the tonometer for operation and perform IOP measurement. The accuracy and reproducibility of measurement results significantly increased with the assistants’ gaining skills of operating the tonometer. On the 1st day, the data obtained in a series of measurements scattered for the control block within 2.07 ± 1.70 [7; 0] mm Hg, while the measured IOP of the patient scattered within 2.89 ± 19.10 [8; 0]. In contrast, on the 5th day, measurement accuracy increased significantly and the scatter dropped to 1.21 ± 0.72 [2; 0] and 0.85 ± 0.69 [2; 0] mm Hg, respectively. The users rated the ease of using the device at different staged from 4.21 ± 0.67 to 5.0 ± 0.0 points. Conclusion. Assisted transpalpebral tonometry with the TVGD-02 tonometer ensures an adequate assessment of IOP in patients at home. The principles of device operation and the technique can be learned and skills can be gained without the participation of medical personnel.