bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicines for influencing the posttranslational modifications of histones – a tutorial review
Authors: Bege Miklós , Borbás Anikó
Published: December 2024

Epigenetic therapy is a relatively novel, but undoubtedly a promising area of pharmacology. Most epigenetic drugs act by affecting enzymes and play a role in post-translational modifications of histones. The molecular targets of these medicines include histone methyltransferases, histone demethylases, isocitrate dehydrogenases, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Since histone modifications are important regulatory signals, abnormalities in this process often lead to tumorigenesis, therefore these medicines constitute an important class of antitumor therapy. In this tutorial review, we would like to briefly overview the medicines that affect histone modifications, focusing on the currently approved ones, and briefly mention other interesting examples.
Klauzule o zakazie konkurencji jako bariera rozwoju alternatywnych kanałów rezerwacji taksówek w świetle decyzji Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato z 27 czerwca 2018 r. (sprawa I801B, Taxi – Milano)
Authors: Materna Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Artykuł stanowi omówienie decyzji włoskiego organu ochrony konkurencji dotyczącej relacji wertykalnych między mediolańskimi korporacjami taksówkarskimi a zrzeszonymi w nich kierowcami. W decyzji uznano, że obowiązujące taksówkarzy klauzule o zakazie konkurencji mogą wywierać efekt zamknięcia dostępu do rynku przedsiębiorcom, którzy, wykorzystując nowe technologie, tworzą alternatywę wobec zasiedziałych korporacji radio taxi. Zakwalifikowanie tych klauzul jako antykonkurencyjnych uzasadnione zostało kontekstem gospodarczym i rynkowym, w jakim były stosowane, a przede wszystkim faktem związania nimi niemal wszystkich działających w Mediolanie taksówkarzy. Na innym rynku, w innych warunkach gospodarczych i prawnych efekt antymonopolowej analizy klauzul o zakazie konkurencji w relacjach taksówkarz – korporacja taksówkarska może być zatem odmienny.
Relic of a Bygone Era? A Comparative Review of the Defence of “Reasonable Correction” in Canadian and Israeli Criminal Law
Authors: Aiyer Rick
Published: December 2024

On January 25, 2000, the Supreme Court of Israel delivered its celebrated decision in Plonit. In a landmark ruling, the country’s highest court abolished the criminal law defence of “reasonable correction,” thus making Israel the first common law jurisdiction to recognize children’s right to equal protection from assault. Contrarily, in the Charter case of Canadian Foundation four years later, a majority of the Supreme Court of Canada elected to uphold a similar defence of reasonable correction in section 43 of the Criminal Code. This article therefore takes a fresh look at Canadian Foundation through the instructive lens of Plonit. It seeks, firstly, to supply an abolitionist frame of reference within which Canadian Foundation may be critically assessed. It endeavours, moreover, to buttress four minority positions expressed in Canadian Foundation: (a) section 43 offends Canada’s international commitments, (b) section 43 constitutes an unworkable criminal law standard, (c) section 43 is incongruous with a child’s right to dignity, and (d) striking down section 43 will not open the floodgates to criminal sanction for every trivial or necessary application of force. In doing so, this article concludes that section 43 of the Criminal Code has outlived not only its legal defensibility, but also its social acceptability.
Art Education Resiliency: Co-generatively in a Community of Practice
Authors: Patterson Pam , Romanov Roman , Hawthorn Matt
Published: December 2024

Art/Design Education Resiliency: Co-generatively in a Community of Practice is a co-authored dialogic/dialectic conversation among co-founders of the Creative Research Inclusive Practices (CRIP) Lab located at OCAD University. Founders are Pam Patterson, Faculty of Art, and School of Graduate Studies, OCAD U; Roman Romanov, Faculty of Design, OCAD U; and Matt Hawthorn, Head Design, University of Derby. The three have named their collective research practice as a form of snorkelling1! They swim the surface of discourse in play, deep diving into projects or exhibitions when paradoxical or multi-positional situations arise. It is a critical and yet deeply pleasurable discursive practice.
'Ci resta, forse, un albero là sul pendio'. Un simposio in memoria di Ferdinando
Authors: Fargnoli Iole
Published: December 2024

Abstract One of the inspiration motif of the meeting organised at the University of Milan on 17.05.2024 has been the passage of the first Duino elegy by Rainer Maria Rilke that Ferdinando Zuccotti (1956-2023) has used to conclude his last editorial of the Rivista di Diritto Romano.
Optical ring cavity for homogeneous quantum nondemolition measurement in atom interferometer
Authors: WANG Enlong , WANG Guochao , ZHU Lingxiao , BIAN Jintian , MO Xiaojuan , KONG Hui ,   State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China,   Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China,   College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Published: December 2024

High-finesse optical cavity assisted quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement is an important method of generating high-gain spin or momentum squeezed states, which can enhance the sensitivity of atom interferometers beyond the standard quantum limit. Conventional two-mirror Fabry-Perot cavities have the drawback of a standing wave pattern, leading to inhomogeneous atom-light coupling and subsequent degradation of metrological gain. In this study, we present a novel method of achieving homogeneous quantum nondemolition measurement by using an optical ring cavity to generate momentum squeezed states in atom interferometers. We design and develop a high-finesse (\begin{document}$ {\cal{F}} = 2.4(1) \times 10^{4} $\end{document}), high-vacuum compatible (\begin{document}$ 1\times 10^{-10} \;{\rm mbar}$\end{document}) optical ring cavity. It utilizes the properties of traveling wave fields to address the issue of inhomogeneous atom-light interaction. A strontium cold atomic ensemble is prepared and coupled into the cavity mode; the nondemolition measurement of atom number is achieved by extracting the dispersive cavity phase shift caused by the passage of atoms through differential Pound-Drever-Hall measurement. Experimental results indicate that under a probe laser power value of 20 μW, the dispersive phase shift of the ring cavity is measured to be 40 mrad. The effective number of atoms coupled into the cavity mode is around \begin{document}$ 1 \times 10^{5} $\end{document}. The consistency between the ring cavity dispersive phase shift and QND measurement theory is verified by adjusting parameters such as matching the atomic position with the cavity mode and tuning the frequency of the probe laser. The optical ring cavity developed in this work provides an important method for generating spin or momentum squeezed states in atom interferometers. Therefore it holds promise for enhancing their sensitivity, and it is expected to be widely applied to cavity-enhanced quantum precision measurements.
Outer hair cells stir cochlear fluids
Authors: Lee Choongheon , Shokrian Mohammad , Henry Kenneth S , Carney Laurel H , Holt Joseph C , Nam Jong-Hoon
Published: December 2024

We hypothesized that active outer hair cells drive cochlear fluid circulation. The hypothesis was tested by delivering the neurotoxin, kainic acid, to the intact round window of young gerbil cochleae while monitoring auditory responses in the cochlear nucleus. Sounds presented at a modest level significantly expedited kainic acid delivery. When outer-hair-cell motility was suppressed by salicylate, the facilitation effect was compromised. A low-frequency tone was more effective than broadband noise, especially for drug delivery to apical locations. Computational model simulations provided the physical basis for our observation, which incorporated solute diffusion, fluid advection, fluid-structure interaction, and outer-hair-cell motility. Active outer hair cells deformed the organ of Corti like a peristaltic tube to generate apically streaming flows along the tunnel of Corti and basally streaming flows along the scala tympani. Our measurements and simulations coherently suggest that active outer hair cells in the tail region of cochlear traveling waves drive cochlear fluid circulation.
Vesiculation pathways in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Wang Xinran , Berro Julien , Ma Rui
Published: December 2024

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a patch of flat plasma membrane is internalized to form a vesicle. In mammalian cells, how the clathrin coat deforms the membrane into a vesicle remains unclear and two main hypotheses have been debated. The “constant area” hypothesis assumes that clathrin molecules initially form a flat lattice on the membrane and deform the membrane by changing its intrinsic curvature while keeping the coating area constant. The alternative “constant curvature” hypothesis assumes that the intrinsic curvature of the clathrin lattice remains constant during the formation of a vesicle while the surface area it covers increases. Previous experimental studies were unable to unambiguously determine which hypothesis is correct. In this paper, we show that these two hypotheses are only two extreme cases of a continuum of vesiculation pathways if we account for the free energies associated with clathrin assembly and curvature generation. By tracing the negative gradient of the free energy, we define vesiculation pathways in the phase space of the coating area and the intrinsic curvature of clathrin coat. Our results show that, overall, the differences in measurable membrane morphology between the different models are not as big as expected, and the main differences are most salient at the early stage of endocytosis. Furthermore, the best fitting pathway to experimental data is not compatible with the constant-curvature model and resembles a constant-area-like pathway where the coating area initially expands with minor changes in the intrinsic curvature, later followed by a dramatic increase in the intrinsic curvature and minor change in the coating area. Our results also suggest that experimental measurement of the tip radius and the projected area of the clathrin coat will be the key to distinguish between models.
The Hungry Lens: Hunger Shifts Attention and Attribute Weighting in Dietary Choice
Authors: March Jennifer , Gluth Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Hunger is a biological drive which can promote unhealthy dietary decisions. Yet, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect, and in particular the interactive role of attention and choice processes, remain elusive. To address this gap, we conducted an eye-tracking experiment, in which 70 participants completed a multi-attribute food choice task in hungry and sated states. Confirming our preregistered hypotheses, participants’ preference for tasty over healthy food items was amplified by hunger. Attention mediated this influence of hunger, as hungry participants focused more on tasty options, leading them to make less healthy decisions. Rigorous model comparisons revealed that an extension of the recently proposed multi-attribute attentional drift diffusion model best explained choice and response times. According to this model, hunger did not only increase the relative taste compared to health weight of, but it also increased the fixation-related discounting of health but not taste information. Our results suggest that the cognitive mechanisms underlying unhealthy dietary decisions under hunger are characterized by a nuanced interplay between attention and the significance assigned to the options’ underlying attributes.
Discarded sequencing reads uncover natural variation in pest resistance in Thlaspi arvense
Authors: Galanti Dario , Jung Jun Hee , Müller Caroline , Bossdorf Oliver
Published: December 2024

Understanding the genomic basis of natural variation in plant pest resistance is an important goal in plant science, but it usually requires large and labor-intensive phenotyping experiments. Here, we explored the possibility that non-target reads from plant DNA sequencing can serve as phenotyping proxies for addressing such questions. We used data from a whole-genome and -epigenome sequencing study of 207 natural lines of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) that were grown in a common environment and spontaneously colonized by aphids, mildew, and other microbes. We found that the numbers of non-target reads assigned to the pest species differed between populations, had significant SNP-based heritability, and were associated with climate of origin and baseline glucosinolate contents. Specifically, pennycress lines from cold and thermally fluctuating habitats, presumably less favorable to aphids, showed higher aphid DNA load, i.e., decreased aphid resistance. Genome-wide association analyses identified genetic variants at known defense genes but also novel genomic regions associated with variation in aphid and mildew DNA load. Moreover, we found several differentially methylated regions associated with pathogen loads, in particular differential methylation at transposons and hypomethylation in the promoter of a gene involved in stomatal closure, likely induced by pathogens. Our study provides first insights into the defense mechanisms of Thlaspi arvense, a rising crop and model species, and demonstrates that non-target whole-genome sequencing reads, usually discarded, can be leveraged to estimate intensities of plant biotic interactions. With rapidly increasing numbers of large sequencing datasets worldwide, this approach should have broad application in fundamental and applied research.
Psychological stress disturbs bone metabolism via miR-335-3p/Fos signaling in osteoclast
Authors: Zhang Jiayao , Li Juan , Huang Jiehong , Xiang Xuerui , Li Ruoyu , Zhai Yun , Lin Shuxian , Liu Weicai
Published: December 2024

It has been well-validated that chronic psychological stress leads to bone loss, but the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. In this study, we established and analyzed the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice to investigate the miRNA-related pathogenic mechanism involved in psychological stress induced osteoporosis. Our result found that these CUMS mice exhibited osteoporosis phenotype that mainly attributed to the abnormal activities of osteoclasts. Subsequently, miRNA sequencing and other analysis showed that miR-335-3p, which is normally highly expressed in the brain, was significantly down-regulated in the nucleus ambiguous (NAC), serum, and bone of the CUMS mice. Additionally,
in vitro
studies detected that miR-335-3p is important for osteoclast differentiation, with its direct targeting site in FOS. Further studies demonstrated FOS was upregulated in CUMS osteoclast, and the inhibition of FOS suppressed the accelerated osteoclastic differentiation, as well as the expression of osteoclastic genes, such as
Nfatc1, Acp5, Mmp9
, in miR-335-3p restrained osteoclasts. In conclusion, this work indicated that psychological stress may down-regulate the miR-335-3p expression, which resulted in the accumulation of FOS and the up-regulation of NFACT1 signaling pathway in osteoclasts, leading to its accelerated differentiation and abnormal activity. These results decipher a previously unrecognized paradigm that miRNA can act as a link between psychological stress and bone metabolism.
Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahmad , Malla Sulochan , Martinek Vlastimil , Payea Matthew John , Lee Christopher Tai-Yi , Martin Jessica , Khandeshi Aditya Jignesh , Martindale Jennifer L , Belair Cedric , Maragkakis Manolis
Published: December 2024

Cells react to stress by triggering response pathways, leading to extensive alterations in the transcriptome to restore cellular homeostasis. The role of RNA metabolism in shaping the cellular response to stress is vital, yet the global changes in RNA stability under these conditions remain unclear. In this work, we employ direct RNA sequencing with nanopores, enhanced by 5ʹ end adapter ligation, to comprehensively interrogate the human transcriptome at single-molecule and -nucleotide resolution. By developing a statistical framework to identify robust RNA length variations in nanopore data, we find that cellular stress induces prevalent 5ʹ end RNA decay that is coupled to translation and ribosome occupancy. Unlike typical RNA decay models in normal conditions, we show that stress-induced RNA decay is dependent on XRN1 but does not depend on deadenylation or decapping. We observed that RNAs undergoing decay are predominantly enriched in the stress granule transcriptome while inhibition of stress granule formation via genetic ablation of G3BP1 and G3BP2 rescues RNA length. Our findings reveal RNA decay as a key component of RNA metabolism upon cellular stress that is dependent on stress granule formation.
«Sisabahkkemat eai leat nohkan»: Pragmáhtalaš lahkoneapmi sámi estetihkkii ja kritihkkii nuoraid girjeságastallamiid bokte
Authors: Stueng Saia Marilena
Published: December 2024

Dát dutkan guorahallá sámi girjjálašvuođa vuostáiváldima empiriija sámi estetihka teoriijaiguin: Dåajmijes vuekie (Kappfjell & Gaski 2018), sámi pragmáhtalaš estetihkka, ja teoriijain ahte sámi girječállit ofelastet lohkkiid ođđa sámi boahtteáiggi višuvnnaide (Kuokkanen 2004). Dutkanmateriálan leat vihtta sámi vuoigŋaduoji vuostáiváldima almmuhuvvon Girjemiella-podcastas (2020), mas ávkkálašvuohta, álki lohkat ja áddehahtti girjjit bajiduvvojit. Jan Mukařovský (1977b (1943)) estehtalaš doaimmat leat vuostáiváldimiid ja árvvoštallamiid guorahallanmetoda vuođđun. Vuostáiváldit oaivvildit ahte áddehahtti ja vuohkkaseamos vuoigŋaduojit ožžot eanemus doaimmaid árvvoštallamiin, ja dan láhkai maiddái nákcejit ofelastit vuostáiváldi ávkkástallat vuoigŋadujiid. Dán artihkkalis evttohan ahte sámi vuoigŋadujiid kvalitehta lea čadnon praktihkalašvuhtii ja pragmáhtalašvuhtii iešmearrideami guvlui.
Dïhte Saaraahka – Njaarkesne 1720-låhkoen
Authors: Rydving Håkan
Published: December 2024

Goh åvtetje dotkijh Saaraahkan funksjovnh buerkiestamme, gaajhkh ïebnhdan bïjre våaroeminie nuhtjin, ovmessie dajvijste jïh tïjjeboelhkijste. Dan gaavhtan dah guvviem dejstie skaepiedamme mij ij naan dajvesne, ij naan tïjjeboelhkesne gååvnesamme. Dan sijjeste daennie artihkelisnie pryövem tjåanghkan giesedh maam gaaltijh vihties dajveste (Njaarke noerhte-Tröndelaagesne) jïh vihties tïjjeboelhkeste (1720-låhkoe) Saaraahkan bïjre saarnoeh. Viehkine åvtetje gaaltijelaejhtehks goerehtimmeste artihkele vuesehte man vihkeles dïhte lij fïerhtenbeajjetje jieliemisnie. Nyjsenæjjide viehkiehti goh gujnelemmiem utnin, baavoejin jïh baersieldin. Dah dïsse dan gaavhtan sjïeledin. Saaraahka havkh vihkeles dovne ålmide jïh nyjsenæjjide. Fïerhten biejjien rituaalh dah dïsse darjoejin (performed). Njaarkesne 1720-låhkoen Saaraahka hov dïhte vihkielommes gaajhkh ov-våajnoes voejkenijstie.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete using diatomaceous earth powder: fresh and hardened properties of concrete
Authors: Gokulkannan N. , Manju R. , Sasikumar P.
Published: December 2024

This research investigated enhancing the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete using diatomaceous earth powder. A total of six mix groups were designed as M40 grade concrete according to IS: 10262 – 2019. Each mix group consisted of six mixes. The study examined the fresh and hardened properties of the fibre-reinforced concrete, including workability, Compressive Strength (CS), Split Tensile Strength (STS), Flexural Strength (FS), and Modulus of Elasticity (ME) at various ages. The first three groups incorporated Electronic waste (E-waste) fibres, added to the concrete by weight of cement (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%) with lengths of 30mm, 40mm, and 40mm, respectively. Additionally, diatomaceous earth powder partially replaced cement in amounts of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Based on experimental observations, the optimum fibre content was 0.8% for group 1 and 0.6% for groups 1 & III. Similarly, the same optimum fibre content was used for groups IV-VI. Including E-waste fibres and diatomaceous earth powder enhanced the mechanical properties of the concrete. The experimental study revealed that groups I and VI performed better than the remaining mixed groups. Specifically, for group I, the CS, STS, and FS improved by 9.86%, 4.85%, and 4.96%, respectively, while for group VI, these properties improved by 8.82%, 5.60%, and 4.57%. The physical properties of concrete strength were also compared using linear regression analysis and various codes. The regression equations aligned well with the experimental test results and aided in predicting those results.
The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction, and Resilience: The Sample of School Psychological Counselors
Authors: Yıldıray Burcu , Balcı Çelik Seher
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the relationship between school counselors' perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and resilience levels in terms of various variables. The sample of the study, which was conducted with a correlational survey model, consists of 500 psychological counselors, 164 males and 336 females, working at primary school, secondary school, and high school grades of public and private schools. The perceived Organizational Support Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Resilience Scale were applied to the sample group within the scope of the study. The data obtained from the measurement tools were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to determine the validity of the data obtained from the measurement tools in the sample group. Cronbach Alpha was calculated to determine the reliability of the data obtained from the measurement tools in the sample group. Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and resilience; Simple Linear Regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of perceived organizational support level on job satisfaction and resilience level; and One-Way Manova analysis was conducted to determine whether perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and resilience levels differed according to gender, tenure, school-type, and school-grade. As a result, a significant relationship was found between perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and resilience, and it was found that perceived organizational support significantly predicted job satisfaction and resilience. In addition, it was observed that perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and resilience levels of psychological counselors didn't differ significantly according to gender and school type. Besides, it was observed that perceived organizational support levels of psychological counselors differed significantly according to tenure and school grade. In the last part, the findings were discussed, considering the relevant literature.
Évaluation des impacts d’un programme d’accompagnement artistique auprès des personnes vivant avec une maladie mentale
Authors: Girard Marie-Josée , Vrakas Georgia , Bédard-Nadeau Marie-Eve
Published: December 2024

Offert aux adultes recevant des services en psychiatrie, le programme Vincent et moi de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec accompagne les personnes s’investissant dans une démarche sérieuse de création artistique en arts visuels. Une évaluation des impacts du programme a été effectuée par une méthode de recherche qualitative et participative inspirée de la méthode Photovoice (Wang et Burris, 1994), nommée La voix de l’art.
Anticipated Stigma Toward Self-Injury in Young Adulthood: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Henshaw Sarah , Smoliak Olga A. , Lewis Stephen P. , Heath Nancy L. , Whitley Rob
Published: December 2024

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant concern on college campuses. Anticipated judgments and negative responses from others may prevent young adults from disclosing NSSI and obtaining help. As this area is poorly understood, the current study qualitatively explored the views of 279 college students (aged 18–25) with a history of NSSI regarding their peers’ perceptions of NSSI. Participants completed an online survey, including open-ended questions addressing anticipated NSSI stigma. These were thematically analyzed, yielding three themes: Perceived Greater Acceptance, Perceived Limited Understanding, and Persistent Stereotypes and Stigma. Results have implications for anti-stigma initiatives and lay groundwork for further work in this new area.
Evaluation of Liquid Nano Urea Fertilizer for Enhancing Yield, Yield Attributes and Economic Performance in Sugarcane Plant-ratoon Cycle
Authors: Patel K. K. , Zinzala V. J. , Chaudhari N. M. , Chudasama S. D. , Shiyal V. N. , Gamit M. K.
Published: December 2024

A field experiment on “evaluation of liquid nano urea fertilizer for enhancing yield, yield attributes and economic performance in sugarcane plant-ratoon cycle” was carried out during rabi of 2021-22 (plant crop) and 2022-23 (ratoon crop) at Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design including eight treatments with three replication, comprising from nitrogen levels for soil application with foliar spray of nano urea and urea in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane. The results of experiments in respect to the both individual plant crop and ratoon crop season as well as in pooled analysis of both seasons of sugarcane, yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4. However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control. During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively). It concluded that for achieving higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation should be fertilized with 100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/L or 2 % urea at 90 and 180 DAP of plant crop and DAR of ratoon crop. This application effectively replaces the 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen while matching the performance of the 100% RDN treatment.
Medidas Diretas e Indiretas da Depressão: Contextos Históricos e Tecnologias Atuais
Authors: S. Gotti Eduardo , A. Banaco Roberto
Published: December 2024

The present theoretical study analyzes indirect and direct behavior measures in assessing depression. It presents a behaviorist conception of psychopathology and how this perspective diff ers from that given by Psychiatry. It explores how these concepts guide the development of diff erent measures to assess depression. Furthermore, it explores the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect measures, and presents an overview of the historical and operational contexts that favored the predominance of self-report measures for assessing depression. It presents some responses adopted as direct measures to assess depression, giving special emphasis to aspects of verbal behaviors, such as speech speed, pauses, duration of pauses, latency, tone of voice, emotionality of speech, and lexical diversity. It also points out that the advancement of technologies can facilitate a resumption in the investigation of direct measures and the problems related to the uncritical use of artifi cial intelligence as a tool for distinguishing depressive/depressed and non-depressed patterns. It also highlights how the predominant use of indirect behavioral measures can represent a limitation in ranking evidence-based psychotherapies.
Keywords: Depression, direct measures, indirect measures, behavior, verbal behavior, assessment
Devemos Falar sobre o Nojo: Uma Revisão Narrativa
Authors: F. Rodrigues Gabriela , R. Moritz Guilherme , Bizarro Lisiane
Published: December 2024

Disgust is an emotion whose non-pathological functioning is well-established. However, it is associated with various psychological disorders, especially anxiety disorders and eating disorders. Yet, it remains he least studied basic emotion. We sought to contextualize the concept, expression, and treatment of disgust, thereby establishing it as an emotion of evolutionary and clinical importance. We conducted a narrative review on the concept and expression of disgust, as well as its applications. The terms “nojo” and “disgust” were searched in national and international scientifi c databases. Further searches in databases and references were conducted according to specifi c objectives. Disgust is an emotion distinguished by its disease prevention and contamination avoidance functions, further expanded by its social function of moral disgust and its intrapersonal function of self-disgust. Conversely, heightened sensitivity and propensity to disgust are associated with mental disorders. However, treatments for disgust have proven controversial. Given the importance of disgust and its prevalence across numerous contexts, addressing disgust and its interfaces in psychology is crucial.
Keywords:Disgust, narrative review, disgust component, moral disgust, self-disgust
Na‐Ion batteries
Authors: Kubota Kei , Komaba Shinichi
Published: March 2020

Electrochemical Na intercalation in a battery system has been reported since the early 1980s, but Na‐ion batteries have not been commercialized so far. Now, targeted applications of developing rechargeable batteries have changed toward realization of a sustainable energy future. With the change in social situation and development of the battery technology, Na‐ion batteries have attracted significant interests since 2010. In this article, we review the developments of Na‐ion batteries. To further understand the chemistry in Na‐ion batteries, experimental and practical aspects of electrode materials, binders, electrolyte salts, solvents, additives, and operating voltage are reviewed, and future perspectives of Na‐ion batteries are discussed from our viewpoint.
Factors associated with fatigue in CNS inflammatory diseases with AQP4 and MOG antibodies
Authors: Yeo Tianrong , dos Passos Giordani Rodrigues , Muhammed Louwai , Everett Rosie , Reeve Sandra , Messina Silvia , Probert Fay , Leite Maria Isabel , Palace Jacqueline
Published: March 2020

Objective

Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom amongst people with multiple sclerosis, however it has not been compared across the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases associated with aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Ab). We explored the factors associated with fatigue within and across the two diseases, and compared fatigue levels between them.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of 90 AQP4‐Ab and 44 MOG‐Ab patients. Fatigue was assessed using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Clinical, demographic, and psychometric (anxiety, depression, pain) data were used as independent variables. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify significant independent variables associated with fatigue within and across the two diseases.

Results

Within AQP4‐Ab patients, age (P = 0.002), disease duration (P = 0.004), number of clinical attacks (P = 0.001), disability (P = 0.007), pain interference (P < 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.026), and depression (P < 0.001) were significant independent variables. Interestingly, disease duration had a negative association with fatigue (P = 0.004). Within MOG‐Ab patients, pain interference score (P < 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.001) were significant independent variables. Although fatigue was worse in AQP4‐Ab patients compared to MOG‐Ab patients (P = 0.008) in all patients as well as in those who ever had transverse myelitis (P = 0.023), this was driven by the differences in age, disability and pain interference rather than antibody subtype itself.

Interpretation

Multiple factors, but not the antibody specificity, appear to contribute to fatigue in antibody positive CNS inflammatory diseases. A multifaceted treatment approach is needed to better manage the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of fatigue in these patients.
Evolution of Metastable α2 Phase in a Quenched High‐Nb‐Containing TiAl Alloy at 800 °C
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Yang Jieren , Hu Rui , Wu Yulun , Fu Hengzhi
Published: March 2020

Fast cooling from high temperatures is a common way in heat treatments and hot processing, which could introduce excess metastable α2 phase in the microstructure. Herein, the evolution of the metastable α2 phase in a water‐quenched Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–(W, B, Y) alloy from different single‐phase regions is experimentally studied. After water quenching from the β single‐phase region, Widmanstätten α2, as well as residual βo, γ grains form from β phase and thin γ laths in α2 phase are observed. However, the water‐quenched microstructure from the α single‐phase region consists of equiaxed α2 grains, residual βo, and massive γ phase. When annealing the quenched samples at 800 °C, similar microstructural evolutions are found in both samples quenched from different temperatures. 1) α2 phase transform into α2/γ nanolamellar structure immediately. 2) Recrystallization and discontinuous coarsening occur at the colony boundaries. 3) The nanometer‐scale γ/γT lamellae transformed from α2 grains are also unstable, which merge into thicker γ lamellae, and the interfaces of coarsened γ lamellae become curvy and blurry.
Interfacial Band Engineering of MoS2/Gold Interfaces Using Pyrimidine‐Containing Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Toward Contact‐Resistance‐Free Bottom‐Contacts
Authors: Matković Aleksandar , Petritz Andreas , Schider Gerburg , Krammer Markus , Kratzer Markus , Karner‐Petritz Esther , Fian Alexander , Gold Herbert , Gärtner Michael , Terfort Andreas , Teichert Christian , Zojer Egbert , Zojer Karin , Stadlober Barbara
Published: March 2020

Bottom‐contact architectures with common electrode materials such as gold are crucial for the integration of 2D semiconductors into existing device concepts. The high contact resistance to gold—especially for bottom contacts—is, however, a general problem in 2D semiconductor thin‐film transistors. Pyrimidine‐containing self‐assembled monolayers on gold electrodes are investigated for tuning the electrode work functions in order to minimize that contact resistance. Their frequently ignored asymmetric and bias‐dependent nature is recorded by Kelvin probe force microscopy through a direct mapping of the potential drop across the channel during device operation. A reduction of the contact resistances exceeding two orders of magnitude is achieved via a suitable self‐assembled monolayer, which vastly improves the overall device performance.
Photosynthesis Drives the Motion of Bio‐nanomotors
Authors: Mathesh Motilal , Wilson Daniela Apreutesei
Published: March 2020

Autonomous nanomotors have become the new paradigm for current research as they are expected to shift the momentum in the development of next‐generation technologies. However, there is a grand challenge in gaining control over the nanomotors’ motion, speed, directionality, and using biocompatible fuels to power them. Currently, light is recognized for powering micromotors with advancement in using visible light for driving motion at the nanoscale regime. In this context, micron‐scaled motors are fabricated but they contain metal surfaces and fabrication is quite laborious. Herein, encapsulation of plant organelles into supramolecular assemblies for active motion is conducted to fabricate bio‐nanomotors, utilizing the natural photosynthesis process for powering motion at the nanoscale. The oxygen produced by the water‐splitting reaction by plant organelles in visible light and the photophoresis effect due to the transparent nature of the supramolecular assembly are the main driving forces for bio‐nanomotors. The bio‐nanomotors are observed to have propelled motion with speed reaching up to 120.42 ± 12 μm s−1, together with on‐demand reversible on/off motion and real‐time control over change in directionality at the nanoscale. The observed results shift the momentum toward harnessing energy from natural processes to power nanosystems for varied applications.
Occupational noise exposure and asymmetric hearing loss: Results from the HUNT population study in Norway
Authors: Aarhus Lisa , Engdahl Bo
Published: March 2020

Background

A large population study with adequate data on confounders is required to determine whether asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) is associated with occupational noise exposure.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional population study in Norway (the Health Investigation in Nord‐Trøndelag: HUNT) with 24 183 participants, using pure‐tone audiometry and questionnaires. AHL was defined as a difference in hearing threshold between the right and left ears of greater than or equal to 15 dB for the pure‐tone average of 0.5 to 2 or 3 to 6 kHz.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 53 years (range, 19‐99); 53% were women. The prevalence of AHL in this general Norwegian population was 6% for the 0.5 to 2 kHz range and 15% for 3 to 6 kHz. In unadjusted regression models, subjects reporting prolonged occupational noise exposure to high‐level noise sources (N = 1652) had a higher risk of AHL at 3 to 6 kHz than those reporting no prior exposure (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75‐2.25). After adjustment for age and sex, OR was 1.08; (95% CI, 0.95‐1.24). After additional adjustment for head trauma, ear infections, blasting or shooting (all associated with AHL), smoking, and diabetes, OR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.87‐1.16). No association between occupational noise and right‐ear hearing threshold advantage (left‐right ear difference) was observed after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that AHL is relatively common in the general population, especially at the high‐frequency range in men and elderly subjects. Our study showed no relation between occupational noise exposure and AHL after confounder adjustment.
Grouping behavior of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) living in forest with low fruit abundance
Authors: Roth Tom S. , Rianti Puji , Fredriksson Gabriella M. , Wich Serge A. , Nowak Matthew G.
Published: March 2020

In contrast to the African great apes, orangutans (Pongo spp.) are semisolitary: Individuals are often on their own, but form aggregations more often than expected by chance. These temporary aggregations provide social benefits such as mating opportunities. When fruit availability is high, costs of aggregating should be lower, because competition is less pronounced. Therefore, average party size is expected to be higher when fruit availability is high. This hypothesis would also explain why orangutans in highly fruit‐productive habitats on Sumatra are more gregarious than in the usually less productive habitats of Borneo. Here, we describe the aggregation behavior of orangutans in less productive Sumatran habitats (Sikundur and Batang Toru), and compare results with those of previously surveyed field sites. Orangutans in Sikundur were more likely to form parties when fruit availability was higher, but the size of daily parties was not significantly affected by fruit availability. With regard to between‐site comparisons, average party sizes of females and alone time of parous females in Sikundur and Batang Toru were substantially lower than those for two previously surveyed Sumatran sites, and both fall in the range of values for Bornean sites. Our results indicate that the assessment of orangutans on Sumatra as being more social than those on Borneo needs revision. Instead, between‐site differences in sociality seem to reflect differences in average fruit availability.
Direct Visualization of a Mechanochemically Induced Molecular Rearrangement
Authors: Ardila‐Fierro Karen J. , Lukin Stipe , Etter Martin , Užarević Krunoslav , Halasz Ivan , Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G.
Published: March 2020

Recent progress in the field of mechanochemistry has expanded the discovery of mechanically induced chemical transformations to several areas of science. However, a general fundamental understanding of how mechanochemical reactions by ball milling occur has remained unreached. For this, we have now implemented in situ monitoring of a mechanochemically induced molecular rearrangement by synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and real‐time temperature sensing. The results of this study demonstrate that molecular rearrangements can be accomplished in the solid state by ball milling and how in situ monitoring techniques enable the visualization of changes occurring at the exact instant of a molecular migration. The mechanochemical benzil–benzilic acid rearrangement is the focal point of the study.
Formation of a Single‐Crystal Aluminum‐Based MOF Nanowire with Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls as Structure‐Directing Agents
Authors: Muschi Mégane , Lalitha Anusha , Sene Saad , Aureau Damien , Fregnaux Mathieu , Esteve Imène , Rivier Lucie , Ramsahye Naseem , Devautour‐Vinot Sabine , Sicard Clémence , Menguy Nicolas , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , Steunou Nathalie
Published: March 2020

An innovative strategy is proposed to synthesize single‐crystal nanowires (NWs) of the Al3+ dicarboxylate MIL‐69(Al) MOF by using graphene oxide nanoscrolls as structure‐directing agents. MIL‐69(Al) NWs with an average diameter of 70±20 nm and lengths up to 2 μm were found to preferentially grow along the [001] crystallographic direction. Advanced characterization methods (electron diffraction, TEM, STEM‐HAADF, SEM, XPS) and molecular modeling revealed the mechanism of formation of MIL‐69(Al) NWs involving size‐confinement and templating effects. The formation of MIL‐69(Al) seeds and the self‐scroll of GO sheets followed by the anisotropic growth of MIL‐69(Al) crystals are mediated by specific GO sheets/MOF interactions. This study delivers an unprecedented approach to control the design of 1D MOF nanostructures and superstructures.
A Pressure‐Induced Inverse Order–Disorder Transition in Double Perovskites
Authors: Deng Zheng , Kang Chang‐Jong , Croft Mark , Li Wenmin , Shen Xi , Zhao Jianfa , Yu Richeng , Jin Changqing , Kotliar Gabriel , Liu Sizhan , Tyson Trevor A. , Tappero Ryan , Greenblatt Martha
Published: March 2020

Given the consensus that pressure improves cation ordering in most of known materials, a discovery of pressure‐induced disordering could require recognition of an order–disorder transition in solid‐state physics/chemistry and geophysics. Double perovskites Y2CoIrO6 and Y2CoRuO6 polymorphs synthesized at 0, 6, and 15 GPa show B‐site ordering, partial ordering, and disordering, respectively, accompanied by lattice compression and crystal structure alteration from monoclinic to orthorhombic symmetry. Correspondingly, the long‐range ferrimagnetic ordering in the B‐site ordered samples are gradually overwhelmed by B‐site disorder. Theoretical calculations suggest that unusual unit‐cell compressions under external pressures unexpectedly stabilize the disordered phases of Y2CoIrO6 and Y2CoRuO6.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Selective Cross‐Coupling of Ethylene Glycol and Methanol to Lactic Acid
Authors: Wu Jiajie , Shen Lingyun , Chen Zhe‐Ning , Zheng Qingshu , Xu Xin , Tu Tao
Published: March 2020

An atom‐economic approach that has an unprecedented high selectivity for the synthesis of lactic acid (LA) based on a catalytic dehydrogenative cross‐coupling by using inexpensive bulk ethylene glycol and methanol is described. This method relies on the synthesis and utilization of a novel iridium catalyst bearing three N‐heterocyclic carbenes derived from 1,3‐dimethylbenzimidazolium salts, and exhibits outstanding activity in the production of LA [turnover frequency (TOF) up to 3660 h−1] owing to an elegant metal–ligand cooperation.
Constant Electricity Generation in Nanostructured Silicon by Evaporation‐Driven Water Flow
Authors: Qin Yuanshuai , Wang Yusheng , Sun Xiaoyue , Li Yajuan , Xu Hao , Tan Yeshu , Li Ya , Song Tao , Sun Baoquan
Published: March 2020

Recently, hydrovoltaic technology emerged as a novel renewable energy harvesting method, which dramatically extends the capability to harvest water energy. However, the urgent issue restricting its device performance is poor carrier transport properties of the solid surface if large charged interface is considered simultaneously. Herein, a hydrovoltaic device based on silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs), which provide large charged surface/volume ratio and excellent carrier transport properties, yields sustained electricity by a carrier concentration gradient induced by evaporation‐induced water flow inside nanochannels. The device can yield direct current with a short‐circuit current density of over 55 μA cm−2, which is three orders larger than a previously reported analogous device (approximately 40 nA cm−2). Moreover, it exhibits a constant output power density of over 6 μW cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of up to 400 mV. Our finding may pave a way for developing energy‐harvesting devices from ubiquitous evaporation‐driven internal water flow in nature with semiconductor material of silicon.
Synthesis and Application of a Perfluorinated Ammoniumyl Radical Cation as a Very Strong Deelectronator
Authors: Schorpp Marcel , Heizmann Tim , Schmucker Maximillian , Rein Stephan , Weber Stefan , Krossing Ingo
Published: March 2020

The perfluorinated dihydrophenazine derivative (perfluoro‐5,10‐bis(perfluorophenyl)‐5,10‐dihydrophenazine) (“phenazineF”) can be easily transformed to a stable and weighable radical cation salt by deelectronation (i.e. oxidation) with Ag[Al(ORF)4]/ Br2 mixtures (RF=C(CF3)3). As an innocent deelectronator it has a strong and fully reversible half‐wave potential versus Fc+/Fc in the coordinating solvent MeCN (E°′=1.21 V), but also in almost non‐coordinating oDFB (=1,2‐F2C6H4; E°′=1.29 V). It allows for the deelectronation of [FeIIICp*2]+ to [FeIV(CO)Cp*2]2+ and [FeIV(CN‐tBu)Cp*2]2+ in common laboratory solvents and is compatible with good σ‐donor ligands, such as L=trispyrazolylmethane, to generate novel [M(L)x]n+ complex salts from the respective elemental metals.
Regioselektive Insertion von Aluminium(I) in den cyclo‐P5‐Ring von Pentaphosphaferrocen
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Simler Thomas , Goswami Bhupendra , Schoo Christoph , Köppe Ralf , Dey Subhayan , Roesky Peter W.
Published: March 2020

Durch Untersuchung der Reaktivität von Pentaphosphaferrocen [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] (Cp*=C5Me5) mit zwei verschiedenen niedervalenten Aluminiumverbindungen wurde ein direkter Zugang zu gemischten Al‐Fe‐Polyphosphidkomplexen entwickelt. Die sterische und elektronische Umgebung um das [AlI]‐Zentrum erwies sich für die Bildung der resultierenden Al‐Fe‐Polyphosphide als entscheidend. So führte die Reaktion mit dem sterisch anspruchsvollen Reagenz [Dipp‐BDIAlI] (Dipp‐BDI={[2,6‐iPr2C6H3NCMe]2CH}−) zum ersten neutralen Al‐basierten Tripeldecker‐Polyphosphidkomplex. Im Fall von [(Cp*AlI)4] wurde eine bisher nicht beschriebene regioselektive Insertion von drei [Cp*AlIII]2+‐Einheiten in zwei benachbarte P‐P‐Bindungen des cyclo‐P5‐Rings von [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] beobachtet. Die Regioselektivität der Insertionsreaktion kann durch die Isolierung eines σ‐donorcarbenstabilisierten Analogons des Reaktionszwischenprodukts erklärt werden.