bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Crow Search and Grey Wolf Optimization Technique for Enhanced Medical Data Classification in Diabetes Diagnosis System
Authors: Mallika C. , Selvamuthukumaran S.
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is an extremely serious hazard to global health and its incidence is increasing vividly. In this paper, we develop an effective system to diagnose diabetes disease using a hybrid optimization-based Support Vector Machine (SVM).The proposed hybrid optimization technique integrates a Crow Search algorithm (CSA) and Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer (BGWO) for exploiting the full potential of SVM in the diabetes diagnosis system. The effectiveness of our proposed hybrid optimization-based SVM (hereafter called CS-BGWO-SVM) approach is carefully studied on the real-world databases such as UCIPima Indian standard dataset and the diabetes type dataset from the Data World repository. To evaluate the CS-BGWO-SVM technique, its performance is related to several state-of-the-arts approaches using SVM with respect to predictive accuracy, Intersection Over-Union (IoU), specificity, sensitivity, and the area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). The outcomes of empirical analysis illustrate that CS-BGWO-SVM can be considered as a more efficient approach with outstanding classification accuracy. Furthermore, we perform the Wilcoxon statistical test to decide whether the proposed cohesive CS-BGWO-SVM approach offers a substantial enhancement in terms of performance measures or not. Consequently, we can conclude that CS-BGWO-SVM is the better diabetes diagnostic model as compared to modern diagnosis methods previously reported in the literature.
Network Intrusion Detection: An Analytical Assessment Using Deep Learning and State-of-the-Art Machine Learning Models
Authors: Al-Imran Md , Ripon Shamim H.
Published: December 2021

The internet connected devices are prone to cyber threats. Most of the companies are developing devices with built-in cyber threat protection mechanism or recommending prevention measure. But cyber threat is becoming harder to trace due to the availability of various tools and techniques to bypass the normal prevention measures. A data mining-based intrusion detection system can play a key role to handle such cyberattacks. This paper proposes a threefold approach to analyzing intrusion detection system. In the first phase, experiments have been conducted by applying SVM, Decision Tree, and KNN. In the second phase, Random Forest, and XGBoost are applied as lately they have been showing significant improved performance in supervised learning. Finally, deep learning techniques, namely, Feed Forward, LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Unit neural network are applied to conduct the experiment. Kyoto Honeypot Dataset is used for experimental purpose. The results show a significant improvement in IDS outperforming the state of the arts on this dataset. Such improvement strengthens the applicability proposed model in IDS.
Analysis of Edit Operations for Post-editing Systems
Authors: Kapusta Jozef , Benko Ľubomír , Munkova Dasa , Munk Michal
Published: December 2021

Post-editing has become an important part not only of translation research but also in the global translation industry. While computer-aided translation tools, such as translation memories, are considered to be part of a translator's work, lately, machine translation (MT) systems have also been accepted by human translators. However, many human translators are still adopting the changes brought by translation technologies to the translation industry. This paper introduces a novel approach for seeking suitable pairs of n-grams when recommending n-grams (corresponding n-grams between MT and post-edited MT) based on the type of text (manual or administrative) and MT system used for machine translation. A tool that recommends and speeds up the correction of MT was developed to help the post-editors with their work. It is based on the analysis of words with the same lemmas and analysis of n-gram recommendations. These recommendations are extracted from sequence patterns of the mismatched words (MisMatch) between MT output and post-edited MT output. The paper aims to show the usage of morphological analysis for recommending the post-edit operations. It describes the usage of mismatched words in the n-gram recommendations for the post-edited MT output. The contribution consists of the methodology for seeking suitable pairs of words, n-grams and additionally the importance of taking into account metadata (the type of the text and/or style and MT system) when recommending post-edited operations.
Research on Multi-label Text Classification Method Based on tALBERT-CNN
Authors: Liu Wenfu , Pang Jianmin , Li Nan , Zhou Xin , Yue Feng
Published: December 2021

Single-label classification technology has difficulty meeting the needs of text classification, and multi-label text classification has become an important research issue in natural language processing (NLP). Extracting semantic features from different levels and granularities of text is a basic and key task in multi-label text classification research. A topic model is an effective method for the automatic organization and induction of text information. It can reveal the latent semantics of documents and analyze the topics contained in massive information. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-label text classification method based on tALBERT-CNN: an LDA topic model and ALBERT model are used to obtain the topic vector and semantic context vector of each word (document), a certain fusion mechanism is adopted to obtain in-depth topic and semantic representations of the document, and the multi-label features of the text are extracted through the TextCNN model to train a multi-label classifier. The experimental results obtained on standard datasets show that the proposed method can extract multi-label features from documents, and its performance is better than that of the existing state-of-the-art multi-label text classification algorithms.
On the Higher-Order Inhomogeneous Heisenberg Supermagnetic Models
Authors: Han Rong , Sun Haichao , Jiang Nana , Yan Zhaowen
Published: December 2021

This paper is concerned with the construction of the fifth-order inhomogeneous Heisenberg supermagnetic models. Moreover, the Lax representations of the models are presented. By means of the gauge transformation, we establish their gauge equivalent equations with different quadratic constraints, i.e., the super and fermionic fifth-order inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equations, respectively. In addition, we investigate their Lax representations and Bäcklund transformations from which the solutions of the super integrable systems have been discussed.
Turing Patterns for a Nonlocal Lotka–Volterra Cooperative System
Authors: Mi Shao-Yue , Han Bang-Sheng , Zhao Yu-Tong
Published: December 2021

This paper is devoted to investigating the pattern dynamics of Lotka–Volterra cooperative system with nonlocal effect and finding some new phenomena. Firstly, by discussing the Turing bifurcation, we build the conditions of Turing instability, which indicates the emergence of Turing patterns in this system. Then, by using multiple scale analysis, we obtain the amplitude equations about different Turing patterns. Furthermore, all possible pattern structures of the model are obtained through some transformation and stability analysis. Finally, two new patterns of the system are given by numerical simulation.
Nonlinear Model of Coastal Flooding by a Highly Turbulent Tsunami
Authors: Arsen’yev Sergey A. , Eppelbaum Lev V.
Published: December 2021

When a tsunami wave comes from ocean and propagates through the shelf, it is very important to predict several dangerous factors: (a) maximum flooding of the coast, (b) tsunami wave height on the coast, (c) velocity of the tsunami front propagation through the coast, and (d) time of tsunami arriving at a given point in the coast and around it. In this study we study the separate case where the angle of inclination α of the seacoast is equal to zero. A linear solution of this problem is unsatisfactory since it gives an infinite rate of the coastal inundation that means the coast is flooded instantly and without a frontal boundary. In this study, we propose a principally new exact analytical solution of this problem based on nonlinear theory for the reliable recognizing these essential tsunami characteristics. The obtained formulas indicate that the tsunami wave can be stopped (or very strongly eliminated) in the shelf zone until approaching the shoreline. For this aim, it is necessary to artificially raising several dozens of bottom protrusions to the level of the calm water.
KdV Equation Model in Open Cylindrical Channel under Precession
Authors: Alshoufi Hajar
Published: December 2021

A new model for Korteweg and de-Vries equation (KdV) is derived. The system under study is an open channel consisting of two concentric cylinders, rotating about their vertical axis, which is tilted by slope $$\tau$$
τ
from the inertial vertical $$z$$
z
, in uniform rate $${\Omega }_{1}=\tau \Omega$$

Ω
1

=
τ
Ω

, and the whole tank is elevated over other table rotating at rate $$\Omega$$
Ω
. Under these conditions, a set of Kelvin waves is formed on the free surface depending on the angle of tilt, characterized by the slope $$\tau$$
τ
, volume of water, and rotation rate. The resonant mode in the system appears in the form of a single Kelvin solitary wave, whose amplitude satisfies the Korteweg-de Vries equation with forced term. The equation was derived following classical perturbation methods, the additional term made the equation a non-integrable one, that cannot be solved without the help of numerical methods. Invoking the simple finite difference scheme method, it was found that the numerical results are in a good agreement with the experiment.
‘The wairua first brings you together’: Māori experiences of meaningful connection in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Wilson Bobbie-Jo , Bright Felicity A. S. , Cummins Christine , Elder Hinemoa , Kayes Nicola M.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:

Therapeutic connections enhance patient experience and outcomes after neurological injury or illness. While we have some understanding of the components necessary to optimise therapeutic connections, these have developed from western-centric ideals. This study sought to explore the perspectives of Māori brain injury survivors, and their whānau (wider family and community), to develop more culturally informed understandings of what matters most for Māori in the development and experience of therapeutic connection.

Design and Methods:

A bicultural approach underpinned by principles of Kaupapa Māori Research was used. Whānau views and experiences were gathered through wānanga (focus groups). These perspectives were analysed drawing on Māori methods of noho puku (self-reflection), whanaungatanga (relational linkage) and kaitiakitanga (guardianship).

Findings:

Three wānanga were held with 16 people – 5 brain injury survivors and 11 whānau members. The phrase ‘therapeutic connection’ did not resonate; instead, people spoke of meaningful connections. For rehabilitation encounters to be meaningful, three layers of connection were acknowledged. The elemental layer features wairua (spirit) and hononga (connection) which both underpinned and surrounded interactions. The relational layer reflects the importance of whānau identity and collectivism, of being valued, known, and interactively spoken with. Finally, the experiential layer consists of relational aspects important within the experience: relationships of reciprocity that are mana-enhancing and grounded in trust. These layers are interwoven, and together serve as a framework for meaningful connections.

Conclusions:

Meaningful connections in neurorehabilitation are underpinned by wairua and hononga; are multi-layered; are enabled through interactions with people, practice, process and place; are inclusive of whānau and resonate with Māori worldviews. The primacy of wairua and whānau within an interconnected view of health, challenges individualistic notions inherent in western health models and deepens existing understandings of meaningful connections in neurorehabilitation which can guide future rehabilitation research, teaching and practice.
Competing Fantasies and Alternative Realities: Salman Rushdie's The Golden House
Authors: RESANO DOLORES
Published: December 2021

This article examines one of the earliest novels of the Trump era, Salman Rushdie's The Golden House (2017), as part of a literary corpus that felt compelled to respond to the derealization of political culture by producing fictions commensurate to the new “American reality.” Spanning the years from the first inauguration of Obama to the election of Trump, the novel depicts a nation that has “left reality behind and entered the comic-book universe,” a turn to fantasy that precedes the final irruption of a wealthy vulgarian who calls himself the Joker, and who subverts any previous sense of identity and of what is “real.” Drawing from the notion of national fantasy as argued by Lauren Berlant (1991), Jacqueline Rose (1996), and Donald Pease (2009), the article suggests that Rushdie's novel performs and invites a rare self-examination in the context of early literary responses to the rise of Trumpism.
Delayed recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 related anosmia predicts incomplete olfactory restoration
Authors: Fernandez I J , Molinari G , Federici G , Silvestri M , De Corso E , Presutti L , Alicandri-Ciufelli M , Lucidi D
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study aimed to assess the olfactory recovery rates and patterns in a cohort of coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients, and to investigate the clinical predictors of poor long-term olfactory restoration.

Methods

An observational retrospective study was conducted on 146 patients between September 2020 and January 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital. Coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients with olfactory dysfunction were sent a modified version of the COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians via e-mail.

Results

The difference in median recovery time between complete recovery and incomplete or no recovery was statistically significant. On multivariate analysis, the only significant factor associated with incomplete or no recovery was anosmia duration.

Conclusion

After a mean time of 5.6 months from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection, persistent olfactory disorders were self-reported in 36.7 per cent of patients. Complete recovery was more likely to occur within 15 days. Given the high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019, a large number of patients are expected to suffer from long-term olfactory morbidity.
Host specificity and the reproductive strategies of parasites
Authors: Doherty Jean-François , Milotic Marin , Filion Antoine , Eriksson Alan
Published: December 2021

Environmental stability can have profound impacts on life history trait evolution in organisms, especially with respect to development and reproduction. In theory, free-living species, when subjected to relatively stable and predictable conditions over many generations, should evolve narrow niche breadths and become more specialized. In parasitic organisms, this level of specialization is reflected by their host specificity. Here, we tested how host specificity impacts the reproductive strategies of parasites, a subject seldomly addressed for this group. Through an extensive review of the literature, we collated a worldwide dataset to predict, through Bayesian multilevel modelling, the effect of host specificity on the reproductive strategies of parasitic copepods of fishes or corals. We found that copepods of fishes with low host specificity (generalists) invest more into reproductive output with larger clutch sizes, whereas generalist copepods of corals invest less into reproductive output with smaller clutch sizes. The differences in host turnover rates through an evolutionary timescale could explain the contrasting strategies across species observed here, which should still favour the odds of parasites encountering and infecting a host. Ultimately, the differences found in this study reflect the unique evolutionary history that parasites share both intrinsically and extrinsically with their hosts.
Interrogating the validity of cumulative indices of environmental and genetic risk for negative developmental outcomes
Authors: Widaman Keith F.
Published: December 2021

Indices of cumulative risk (CR) have long been used in developmental research to encode the number of risk factors a child or adolescent experiences that may impede optimal developmental outcomes. Initial contributions concentrated on indices of cumulative environmental risk; more recently, indices of cumulative genetic risk have been employed. In this article, regression analytic methods are proposed for interrogating strongly the validity of risk indices by testing optimality of compositing weights, enabling more informative modeling of effects of CR indices. Reanalyses of data from two studies are reported. One study involved 10 environmental risk factors predicting Verbal IQ in 215 four-year-old children. The second study included an index of genetic CR in a G×E interaction investigation of 281 target participants assessed at age 15 years and then again at age 31 years for observed hostility during videotaped interactions with close family relations. Principles to guide evaluation of results of statistical modeling are presented, and implications of results for research and theory are discussed. The ultimate goals of this paper are to develop stronger tests of conjectures involving CR indices and to promote methods for improving replicability of results across studies.
Discourse fluency modulates spoken word recognition in monolingual and L2 speakers
Authors: Botezatu Mona Roxana , Kroll Judith F. , Trachsel Morgan , Guo Taomei
Published: December 2021

We investigated whether fluent language production is associated with greater skill in resolving lexical competition during spoken word recognition and ignoring irrelevant information in non-linguistic tasks. Native English monolinguals and native English L2 learners, who varied on measures of discourse/verbal fluency and cognitive control, identified spoken English words from dense (e.g., BAG) and sparse (e.g., BALL) phonological neighborhoods in moderate noise. Participants were slower in recognizing spoken words from denser neighborhoods. The inhibitory effect of phonological neighborhood density was smaller for English monolinguals and L2 learners with higher speech production fluency, but was unrelated to cognitive control as indexed by performance on the Simon task. Converging evidence from within-language effects in monolinguals and cross-language effects in L2 learners suggests that fluent language production involves a competitive selection process that may not engage all domain-general control mechanisms. Results suggest that language experience may capture individual variation in lexical competition resolution.
What the Climber Saw: Strauss's Alpensinfonie and the Romantic Tradition of Nature Representation
Authors: Larkin David
Published: December 2021

Initially criticized for its naïve representation of landscape features, Strauss's Alpensinfonie (1915) has in recent years been reinterpreted by scholars as a deliberate challenge to metaphysics, a late outgrowth of the composer's fascination with Nietzsche. As a consequence, the relationship between Strauss's tone poem and earlier artworks remains underexplored. Strauss in fact relied heavily on long-established tropes of representing mountain scenes, and when this work is situated against a backdrop of similarly themed Romantic paintings, literature, travelogues and musical compositions, many points of resemblance emerge. In this article, I focus on how human responses to mountains are portrayed within artworks. Romantic-era reactions were by no means univocal: mountains elicited overtly religious exhalations, atheistic refutations of all supernatural connections, pantheistic nature-worship, and also artworks which engaged with nature purely in an immanent fashion.

Strauss uses a range of strategies to distinguish the climber from the changing scenery he traverses. The ascent in the first half of Eine Alpensinfonie focuses on a virtuoso rendition of landscape in sound, interleaved with suggestions as to the emotional reactions of the protagonist. This immanent perspective on nature would accord well with Strauss's declared atheism. In the climber's response to the sublime experience of the peak, however, I argue that there are marked similarities to the pantheistic divinization of nature such as was espoused by the likes of Goethe, whom Strauss admired enormously. And while Strauss's was an avowedly godless perspective, I will argue in the final section of the article that he casts the climber's post-peak response to the sublime encounter in a parareligious light that again has romantic precedents. There are intimations of romantic transcendence in the latter part of the work, even if these evaporate as the tone poem, and the entire nineteenth-century German instrumental tradition it concludes, fades away into silence.
Small Socialism: The Scales of Self-Management Culture in Postwar Yugoslavia
Authors: Robertson James
Published: December 2021

During the early 1950s the Federative Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia underwent a series of radical politico-economic reforms that created the system of socialist self-management. Although scholars have long acknowledged that these reforms liberalized the field of cultural production, the precise ways in which self-management shaped Yugoslav culture during this period remains under-examined. Drawing from Daniel Immerwahr's concept of “thinking small,” this paper contends that self-management be thought of as an effort to rescale the horizons of socialist modernity. As Yugoslav reformers diverged from the Soviet model of Stalinist high modernism, they descaled state power to local sites of administration. This turn towards “small socialism” was recorded in certain conceptual and methodological trends in the cultural production of this period. This paper explores this recalibration of the scales of socialist culture in three examples from the 1950s: the urban theory of Bogdan Bogdanović, the revival of dialect poetry in Croatia, and the proliferation of domestic travelogues that emphasized the diversity of local cultures. As these examples demonstrate, the ambivalence that many Yugoslav intellectuals felt with regards to the high modernist scales of Stalinism prompted them to redirect the focus of socialist culture towards the marginal, the minor, or the minute.
The Third Rome and Russian Republicanism: A Comment on Oleg Kharkhordin “Power and Authority in Russia”
Authors: Vatter Miguel
Published: December 2021

This article brings to bear contemporary discussions on Machiavelli and republicanism on Kharkhordin's discussion of Russian republicanism and autocracy and its reception of models from Venice and Byzantium.
Coral Oxygen Isotopic Records Capture the 2015/2016 El Niño Event in the Central Equatorial Pacific
Authors: O’Connor Gemma K. , Cobb Kim M. , Sayani Hussein R. , Atwood Alyssa R. , Grothe Pamela R. , Stevenson Samantha , Baum Julia K. , Chen Tianran , Claar Danielle C. , Hitt Nicholas T. , Lynch‐Stieglitz Jean , Mortlock Richard A. , Schmidt Gavin A. , Walter Rachel
Published: December 2021

Coral oxygen isotopes (δ18O) from the central equatorial Pacific provide monthly resolved records of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation activity over past centuries to millennia. However, calibration studies using in situ data to assess the relative contributions of warming and freshening to coral δ18O records are exceedingly rare. Furthermore, the fidelity of coral δ18O records under the most severe thermal stress events is difficult to assess. Here, we present six coral δ18O records and in situ temperature, salinity, and seawater δ18O data from Kiritimati Island (2°N, 157°W) spanning the very strong 2015/16 El Niño event. Local sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of +2.4 ± 0.4°C and seawater δ18O anomalies of −0.19 ± 0.02‰ contribute to the observed coral δ18O anomalies of −0.58 ± 0.05‰, consistent with a ∼70% contribution from SST and ∼30% from seawater δ18O. Our results demonstrate that Kiritimati coral δ18O records can provide reliable reconstructions even during the largest class of El Niño events.
Modulation of Effective Precipitation by Temperature in the East Asian Monsoon Margins During Marine Isotope Stage 5
Authors: Li Tao , Hedding David William , Chen Jun , Li Gaojun
Published: December 2021

Projecting future changes in effective precipitation under global warming, which requires constraints on both the precipitation and evapotranspiration, is still challenging in the semi‐arid region of East Asia. Here we present proxies, based on Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr of soil carbonate, to reconstruct the evolution of both effective precipitation and temperature from a high‐resolution loess profile in the East Asian monsoon marginal area covering the last interglacial period as a geological analog for future conditions. We find that intervals with a stronger summer monsoon are characterized by lower effective precipitation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 due to a larger increase in evapotranspiration than in monsoonal precipitation in response to higher temperature. The greater response of the effective precipitation to temperature than summer monsoon intensity during MIS 5 thus suggests the risk of further aridification in the semi‐arid region of East Asia under climate warming.
Orphan cytochrome P450 20a1 CRISPR/Cas9 mutants and neurobehavioral phenotypes in zebrafish
Authors: Brun Nadja R. , Salanga Matthew C. , Mora-Zamorano Francisco X. , Lamb David C. , Goldstone Jared V. , Stegeman John J.
Published: December 2021

Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are those for which biological substrates and function(s) are unknown. Cytochrome P450 20A1 (CYP20A1) is the last human orphan P450 enzyme, and orthologs occur as single genes in every vertebrate genome sequenced to date. The occurrence of high levels of CYP20A1 transcripts in human substantia nigra and hippocampus and abundant maternal transcripts in zebrafish eggs strongly suggest roles both in the brain and during early embryonic development. Patients with chromosome 2 microdeletions including CYP20A1 show hyperactivity and bouts of anxiety, among other conditions. Here, we created zebrafish cyp20a1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, providing vertebrate models with which to study the role of CYP20A1 in behavior and other neurodevelopmental functions. The homozygous cyp20a1 null mutants exhibited significant behavioral differences from wild-type zebrafish, both in larval and adult animals. Larval cyp20a1-/- mutants exhibited a strong increase in light-simulated movement (i.e., light–dark assay), which was interpreted as hyperactivity. Further, the larvae exhibited mild hypoactivity during the adaptation period of the optomotor assays. Adult cyp20a1 null fish showed a pronounced delay in adapting to new environments, which is consistent with an anxiety paradigm. Taken together with our earlier morpholino cyp20a1 knockdown results, the results described herein suggest that the orphan CYP20A1 has a neurophysiological role.
Determining chromosomal arms 1p/19q co-deletion status in low graded glioma by cross correlation-periodogram pattern analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Debanjali , Sinha Neelam , Saini Jitender
Published: December 2021

Prediction of mutational status of different graded glioma is extremely crucial for its diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently FISH and the surgical biopsy techniques are the ‘gold standard’ in the field of diagnostics; the analyses of which helps to decide appropriate treatment regime. In this study we proposed a novel approach to analyze structural MRI image signature pattern for predicting 1p/19q co-deletion status non-invasively. A total of 159 patients with grade-II and grade-III glioma were included in the analysis. These patients earlier underwent biopsy; the report of which confirmed 57 cases with no 1p/19q co-deletion and 102 cases with 1p/19q co-deletion. Tumor tissue heterogeneity was investigated by variance of cross correlation (VoCC). Significant differences in the pattern of VoCC between two classes was quantified using Lomb-Scargle (LS) periodogram. Energy and the cut-off frequency of LS power spectral density were derived and utilized as the features for classification. RUSBoost classifier was used that yield highest classification accuracy of 84% for G-II and 87% for G-III glioma respectively in classifying 1p/19q co-deleted and 1p/19q non-deleted glioma. In clinical practice the proposed technique can be utilized as a non-invasive pre-confirmatory test of glioma mutation, before wet-lab validation.
Single-pixel polarimetric direction of arrival estimation using programmable coding metasurface aperture
Authors: Hoang The Viet , Fusco Vincent , Abbasi Muhammad Ali Babar , Yurduseven Okan
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a single-pixel polarimetric compressive sensing (CS)-based direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique using a cavity backed programmable coding metasurface aperture. The single-pixel DoA retrieval technique relies on a dynamically modulated waveform diversity, enabling spatially incoherent radiation masks to encode the incoming plane waves on the radar aperture using a single channel. The polarimetric nature of the wave-chaotic coded metasurface ensures that the DOA estimation is sensitive to the polarization state of the incoming waves. We show that the polarimetric single-pixel DoA concept can be realized by encoding the polarization information of the incoming waves at the physical layer level within the antenna. A dynamically reconfigurable wave-chaotic metasurface, which possesses a structured sparsity of dual-polarized coded metamaterial elements, is proposed for the proof of concept. It is shown that by encoding and compressing the source generated far-field incident waves into a single channel, we can retrieve high fidelity polarimetric DoA information from compressed measurements.
The effectiveness of commercial household ultraviolet C germicidal devices in Thailand
Authors: Palakornkitti Pasita , Pinyowiwat Prinpat , Tanrattanakorn Somsak , Rajatanavin Natta , Rattanakaemakorn Ploysyne
Published: December 2021

Ultraviolet C (UVC), or ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), is known for its effective air, water, and surface disinfectant properties. With the rise of global awareness about public sanitation and personal hygiene due to the emergence of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several applications of UVC were introduced to the commercial market. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial household UVC germicidal devices for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation. Ten UVC devices were included in the study comprising of 7 low-pressure mercury lamps (LPMLs) and 3 UVC- light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Considering applications, 3 were handheld UVGI surface disinfection equipment, 4 were UVGI disinfection chambers, and 3 were movable UVGI air and surface purifiers. To determine SARS-CoV-2 inactivation performance, UVC irradiance (mW/cm2) was measured 3 times repeatedly at distance and duration corresponding to manufacturers’ usage instructions. The required UVC dosage could not be achieved by either of UVC-LED devices (1 handheld UVGI surface disinfection equipment and 2 UVGI disinfection chambers). Five of seven LPMLs can sufficiently emit UVC irradiance for SARS-CoV-2-inactivation. A lack of standardization in the distance and cycle duration for each UVC application was observed. Standard usage guidelines for UVC devices are required to improve the effectiveness of UVC irradiance for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation as well as to minimize the potential side effects of UVC.
The role of folded fibular flap in patients’ reconstruction of mandibular defects: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Gao Ning , Fu Kun , Cai Jinghua , Chen Hao , He Wei
Published: December 2021

This study has analyzed 41 patients with mandibular ameloblastoma who underwent a partial mandibulectomy and reconstruction by folding the free fibular flap. In the preoperative and postoperative (6 months and 24 months after surgery), the Quality of Life (QOL) of these patients was assessed by using the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) and the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to conduct statistical analysis on the base data of the two groups of patients. Independent sample t test was conducted for sf-36 and UW-QOL scores at two time points in each group. The SF-36 survey showed that body pain (54.54 ± 8.10), general health (55.27 ± 7.54), and health changes (58.29 ± 9.60) decreased significantly at 6 months after surgery, but the mean score at 24 months after surgery all exceeded the preoperational level. At 24 months after the surgery, the vitality (80.41 ± 3.74), social function (81.61 ± 4.07), emotional role (82.39 ± 4.07), psychological health (81.66 ± 4.37) and total score (704.00 ± 31.53) all returned to the preoperative level, which was statistically significant compared with 6 months after surgery. However, there was no significant difference compared with the preoperative level. The UW-QOL survey showed that chewing (56.68 ± 7.23), speech (54.54 ± 7.7) and taste (62.29 ± 10.15) have significantly changed at 6 months after the surgery, and the difference was statistically significant at 24 months after surgery. Saliva generation decreased slightly (80.76 ± 3.35) at 6 months after surgery, but quickly returned to the preoperative level (81.59 ± 4.06). The total score of the patients almost recovered to the preoperative level at 24 months after surgery. The folded the fibular flap can not only repair the defects of soft tissue and bone tissue, but also restore the height of the alveolar ridge to, avoid the imbalance of crown and root ratio after implantation and reduce the occurrence of peri-implant inflammation, so that a true functional reconstruction can be realized.
Effectiveness of LODS, OASIS, and SAPS II to predict in-hospital mortality for intensive care patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Zhengwei , Hu Tianyang
Published: December 2021

The relationship between three scoring systems (LODS, OASIS, and SAPS II) and in-hospital mortality of intensive care patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently inconclusive. The baseline data, LODS score, OASIS score, SAPS II score, and in-hospital prognosis of intensive care patients with STEMI were retrieved from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce bias. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were drawn for the three scoring systems, and comparisons between the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were conducted. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the net benefits of the three scoring systems. LODS and SAPS II were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. For the study cohort, the AUCs of LODS, OASIS, SAPS II were 0.867, 0.827, and 0.894; after PSM, the AUCs of LODS, OASIS, SAPS II were 0.877, 0.821, and 0.881. A stratified analysis of the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass grafting (PCI/CABG) or not was conducted. In the PCI/CABG group, the AUCs of LODS, OASIS, SAPS II were 0.853, 0.825, and 0.867, while in the non-PCI/CABG group, the AUCs of LODS, OASIS, SAPS II were 0.857, 0.804, and 0.897. The results of the Z test suggest that the predictive value of LODS and SAPS II was not statistically different, but both were higher than OASIS. According to the DCA, the net clinical benefit of LODS was the greatest. LODS and SAPS II have excellent predictive value, and in most cases, both were higher than OASIS. With a more concise composition and greater clinical benefit, LODS may be a better predictor of in-hospital mortality for intensive care patients with STEMI.
Non-canonical function of FIP200 is required for neural stem cell maintenance and differentiation by limiting TBK1 activation and p62 aggregate formation
Authors: Liu Hang , Wang Chenran , Yi Fei , Yeo Syn , Haas Michael , Tang Xin , Guan Jun-Lin
Published: December 2021

FIP200 is an essential autophagy gene implicated in the regulation of postnatal neural progenitor/stem cells (NSCs). However, the contribution of FIP200’s canonical-autophagy function and its non-canonical functions to postnatal NSC maintenance remains unclear. Utilizing a recently generated Fip200-4A allele that specifically impairs FIP200’s canonical-autophagy function, we found that non-canonical functions of FIP200 was required for regulation of mouse NSC maintenance and neurogenesis in vivo. Ablating the non-canonical functions of FIP200, but not its autophagy function, increased TBK1 activation and p62 phosphorylation at S403 in NSCs. Phosphorylation of p62 was dependent on TBK1 kinase activity and increased the propensity of p62 aggregate formation specifically in FIP200-null NSCs. Accordingly, inhibition of TBK1 by amlexanox reduced p62 aggregates and restored NSC maintenance and differentiation in Fip200hGFAP cKO mice. These results reveal a mechanism for the non-canonical functions of FIP200 in NSC maintenance and differentiation by limiting TBK1 activation and subsequently, p62 aggregate formation.
Glypican-4 in pregnancy and its relation to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus status
Authors: Deischinger Carola , Harreiter Jürgen , Leitner Karoline , Wattar Luna , Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Glypican-4 (GPC-4) is an adipokine that enhances insulin receptor signaling. Plasma concentrations were found to be elevated in patients with prediabetes but reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus. No study on Glypican-4 in pregnancy and pregnancy-related insulin resistance has been published yet. GPC-4 levels were investigated in 59 overweight women throughout their pregnancy at the Medical University of Vienna. GPC-4 levels, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, estradiol, liver and renal parameters, and markers of bone development were assessed before the < 21st week of gestation (GW), and at GW 35–37. GPC-4 levels increased from < 21 GW (mean = 2.38 pg/ml, SD = 0.68 pg/ml) to GW 35–37 (mean = 2.96 pg/ml, SD = 0.77 pg/ml, p < 0.001). At the same time, GPC-4 levels correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum protein and serum albumin levels and were positively related to creatinine and uric acid levels at GW 35–37. Concerning glucose metabolism, GPC-4 levels were inversely related to ISSI-2, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, however, not significantly different between women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and GDM (p = 0.239). In conclusion, GPC-4 levels rose significantly during pregnancy, correlated negatively with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR but might not be related to gestational diabetes mellitus status.
Deciphering tumour tissue organization by 3D electron microscopy and machine learning
Authors: de Senneville Baudouin Denis , Khoubai Fatma Zohra , Bevilacqua Marc , Labedade Alexandre , Flosseau Kathleen , Chardot Christophe , Branchereau Sophie , Ripoche Jean , Cairo Stefano , Gontier Etienne , Grosset Christophe F.
Published: December 2021

Despite recent progress in the characterization of tumour components, the tri-dimensional (3D) organization of this pathological tissue and the parameters determining its internal architecture remain elusive. Here, we analysed the spatial organization of patient-derived xenograft tissues generated from hepatoblastoma, the most frequent childhood liver tumour, by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy using an integrated workflow combining 3D imaging, manual and machine learning-based semi-automatic segmentations, mathematics and infographics. By digitally reconstituting an entire hepatoblastoma sample with a blood capillary, a bile canaliculus-like structure, hundreds of tumour cells and their main organelles (e.g. cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria), we report unique 3D ultrastructural data about the organization of tumour tissue. We found that the size of hepatoblastoma cells correlates with the size of their nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondrial mass. We also found anatomical connections between the blood capillary and the planar alignment and size of tumour cells in their 3D milieu. Finally, a set of tumour cells polarized in the direction of a hot spot corresponding to a bile canaliculus-like structure. In conclusion, this pilot study allowed the identification of bioarchitectural parameters that shape the internal and spatial organization of tumours, thus paving the way for future investigations in the emerging onconanotomy field.
Spontaneous surface adsorption of aqueous graphene oxide by synergy with surfactants
Authors: McCoy Thomas M. , Armstrong Alexander J. , Moore Jackson E. , Holt Stephen A. , Tabor Rico F. , Routh Alexander F.
Published: December 2021

Physicochemical conditions for achieving spontaneous adsorption of graphene oxide sheets at the air–water interface using surfactants are demonstrated, and verified using X-ray reflectivity.
Base-stabilized formally zero-valent mono and diatomic molecular main-group compounds
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Sinhababu Soumen , Yadav Ritu , Kundu Subrata
Published: December 2021

This review covers the recent developments of the molecular atomic and diatomic compounds of s- and p-block elements in formally zero-oxidation state. Their reactivity is highlighted, and their structure and bonding are described.
Slow relaxation of Dy(iii) single-ion magnets dominated by the simultaneous binding of chelating ligands in low-symmetry ligand-fields
Authors: Dong Hui-Ming , Liu Zhong-Yi , Tang Hui-Min , Yang En-Cui , Zhang Yi-Quan , Zhao Xiao-Jun
Published: December 2021

Electronic effect and geometry distortion of a low-symmetry ligand-field on the anisotropy barrier of spin reversal have been compared in three Dy(iii) single-ion magnets through simultaneous binding of heterodonor chelating ligands.
Organic solvent-assisted co-precipitation synthesis of red-emitting K2TiF6:Mn phosphors with improved quantum efficiency and optimized morphology
Authors: Milićević Bojana , Chen Yingyuan , Li Junhao , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Zhou Jianbang , Wu Mingmei
Published: December 2021

The organic solvent-assisted (OSA) crystal growth of K2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphors has been achieved and the morphology of the aimed crystals can be controlled and the emission efficiency can be enhanced by using the n-butanol-assisted co-precipitation route.
Trinuclear ReFePt clusters with a μ3-phenylvinylidene ligand: synthetic approaches, rearrangement of vinylidene, and redox-induced transformations
Authors: Verpekin Victor V. , Chudin Oleg S. , Vasiliev Alexander D. , Kondrasenko Alexander A. , Shor Aleksey M. , Burmakina Galina V. , Zimonin Dmitry V. , Maksimov Nikolai G. , Rubaylo Anatoly I.
Published: December 2021

Approaches to the synthesis of trinuclear ReFePt clusters, their behaviour in solution and pathways of their redox-induced reactions are studied.
The influence of different carbonate ligands on the hydrolytic stability and reduction of platinum(iv) prodrugs
Authors: Chen Shu , Ng Ka-Yan , Zhou Qiyuan , Yao Houzong , Deng Zhiqin , Tse Man-Kit , Zhu Guangyu
Published: December 2021

The hydrolysis and reduction of Pt(iv) carbonates depend on the electron-withdrawing ability of the carbonates and the nature of the opposite axial ligands. The hydrolytic process for Pt(iv) carbonates proceeds by attacking the carbonyl carbon.
Versatile control of the superconducting transition temperature in anti-ThCr2Si2-type Y2O2Bi via H, Li, or F doping
Authors: Terakado Kyohei , Kawasoko Hideyuki , Fukumura Tomoteru
Published: December 2021

In anti-ThCr2Si2-type Y2O2Bi with a Bi square net, the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is scaled by unit cell tetragonality (c/a) via not only O intercalation but also H/F substitution and Li intercalation.
Antibiotic-functionalized gold nanoparticles for the detection of active β-lactamases
Authors: Miller Lisa M. , Simmons Matthew D. , Silver Callum D. , Krauss Thomas F. , Thomas Gavin H. , Johnson Steven D. , Duhme-Klair Anne-Kathrin
Published: December 2021

Antibiotic-functionalized gold nanoparticles able to selectively detect enzymatically-mediated antimicrobial resistance in undiluted urine.
WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 regulates kidney inflammation through the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Bo , Ding Chenguang , Ding Xiaoming , Tesch Greg , Zheng Jin , Tian PuYun , Li Yang , Ricardo Sharon , Shen Hsin-Hui , Xue Wujun
Published: December 2021

Inflammation is a pathological feature of kidney injury and its progression correlates with the development of kidney fibrosis which can lead to kidney function impairment. This project investigated the regulatory function of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) in kidney inflammation. Administration of recombinant WISP1 protein to healthy mice induced kidney inflammation (macrophage accrual and production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CCL2 and IL-6), which could be prevented by inhibition of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Furthermore, inhibition of WISP1, by gene knockdown or neutralising antibody, could inhibit cultured macrophages producing inflammatory cytokines following stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and kidney fibroblasts proliferating in response to TNFα, which both involved NF-κB signaling. Kidney expression of WISP1 was found to be increased in mouse models of progressive kidney inflammation-unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). Treatment of UUO mice with WISP1 antibody reduced the kidney inflammation in these mice. Therefore, pharmacological blockade of WISP1 exhibits potential as a novel therapy for inhibiting inflammation in kidney disease.