bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of family business exposure on individuals' entrepreneurial intentions: an institutional theory perspective
Authors: Zaman Sarfraz , Arshad Muhammad , Sultana Naheed , Saleem Sharjeel
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of family business exposure on individuals' entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). By applying the institutional framework at the micro level, this study proposed the mediation of three types of institutional forces (coercive, normative and mimetic) between the relationship of family business exposure and EIs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 367 university students in Pakistan. The survey design was used for the data collection. The measurement and hypothesized models were tested using the structural equation modeling technique in Mplus 7.0.

Findings

The findings of this study revealed that family business exposure positively influenced the institutional forces (coercive, normative and mimetic) which further developed the individuals' EIs. However, family business exposure did not affect the EIs directly that showed the full mediation of institutional forces between the relationship of family business exposure and EIs.

Originality/value

This is the first study in its nature which applied institutional theory from the macro level to the micro level within the context of family business. The results revealed the institutional forces as the underpinning mechanism which explains the relationship between family business exposure and EIs.
Dark side of the family business: an exploratory perspective
Authors: Montiel Mendez Oscar Javier , Soto Maciel Argentina
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to relate the potential elements identified as the dark side of the family business (DSFB), where these elements can be productive or destructive. The “dark side” comprises an important contribution for entrepreneurship and family business (FB) studies, a novel perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The relevant literature on entrepreneurship and FB was selected and analyzed according to the “dark side” framework.

Findings

The results suggest that many perspectives remain for research, starting with a clarification and a more precise definition, not only of the construct itself but also of the factors or forces that drive this dark side, from the entrepreneur/founder, the FB itself and the context. This approach considers a systemic position in which the context plays a significant and decisive role.

Practical implications

The paper has implications for the development of public policies. Business incubation entities, federal, state and local entrepreneurship/small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) programs, educational institutions and entrepreneurial families and their founders can become more aware and establish courses of action.

Originality/value

This paper makes a call to propose an initial point for conceptualizing the logic behind the DSFB for obtaining a deeper understanding with regard to future research. Researchers are encouraged to test the conceptual model further.
Effects of collaborative consultation using iPad application in school‐based occupational therapy: A single‐arm pre‐post pilot study
Authors: Yamaguchi Sayaka , Okutsu Mitsuyoshi , Tomori Kounosuke , Nagayama Hirofumi , Okita Yuho
Published: September 2020

Introduction

This pilot study examined the effect of collaborative consultation with teachers in school‐based occupational therapy (SBOT) using iPad application for goal‐setting—Aid for Decision‐Making in Occupation Choice for School (ADOC‐S).

Method

A single arm pre‐post intervention design was conducted at four preschools in Japan. The participants were 10 preschool teachers (10.5 ± 0.4 years of teaching), and 10 children (3.8 ± 0.4 years old; five boys). The teachers received three collaborative consultations (1 hr for each) from one occupational therapist. Firstly, the occupational therapist conducted an observational assessment of the child's school life, then the teacher and occupational therapist identified occupation‐based goals for each child using the ADOC‐S. Secondly, the teacher and the occupational therapist developed the graded goals using the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) and discussed the daily intervention plan for the teachers to conduct. Thirdly, the occupational therapist followed up on the intervention process using GAS. The subjective outcome was measured at 10 point‐satisfaction and performance score in each goal using Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The observed outcome was measured using GAS and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results

All the participants including teachers and children successfully underwent the intervention process. Significant improvement was found pre‐post and effect size (ES) was large on the COPM (ES; r = .85–.94), GAS (ES; r = .98–.99) and SDQ (ES; r = .64). All goals (30/30) exceeded expectations of GAS from zero to +2.

Conclusion

Although there are some limitations and considerations which need to be resolved for future studies, our results suggest that ADOC‐S would help build a rapport with a teacher in SBOT settings, and this collaborative consultation would facilitate a positive outcome.
The biogeochemical variability of Arctic thermokarst ponds is reflected by stochastic and niche‐driven microbial community assembly processes
Authors: Le Moigne Alizée , Bartosiewicz Maciej , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela , Abiven Samuel , Pernthaler Jakob
Published: September 2020

Shallow thermokarst ponds are a conspicuous landscape element of the Arctic Siberian tundra with high biogeochemical variability. Little is known about how microbes from the regional species pool assemble into local pond communities and how the resulting patterns affect functional properties such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remineralization and greenhouse gas (GHG) turnover. We analysed the pelagic microbiomes of 20 ponds in north‐eastern Siberia in the context of their physico‐chemical properties. Ponds were categorized as polygonal or trough according to their geomorphological origin. The diversity of bacteria and eukaryotic microbes was assessed by ribosomal gene tag sequencing. Null model analysis revealed an important role of stochastic assembly processes within ponds of identical origin, in particular for genotypes only occurring in few systems. Nevertheless, the two pond types clearly represented distinct niches for both the bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities. Carbon dioxide concentration, indicative of heterotrophic microbial processes, varied greatly, especially in the trough ponds. Methane concentrations were lower in polygonal ponds and were correlated with the estimated abundance of methanotrophs. Thus, the overall functional variability of Arctic ponds reflects the stochastic assembly of their microbial communities. Distinct functional subcommunities can, nevertheless, be related to GHG concentrations.
The unconventional adverse effects of fungal pretreatment on iturin A fermentation by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX‐20
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Wang Meng , Gong Yangmin , Deng Qianchun , Zheng Mingming , Chen Shouwen , Wan Xia , Yang Chen , Huang Fenghong
Published: September 2020

Fungal pretreatment is the most common strategy for improving the conversion of rapeseed meal (RSM) into value‐added microbial products. It was demonstrated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX‐20 could directly use RSM as the sole source of all nutrients except the carbon source for iturin A fermentation with high productivity. However, whether fungal pretreatment has an impact on iturin A production is still unknown. In this study, the effects of fungal pretreatment and direct bio‐utilization of RSM for iturin A fermentation were comparatively analysed through screening suitable fungal species, and evaluating the relationships between iturin A production and the composition of solid fermented RSM and liquid hydrolysates. Three main unconventional adverse effects were identified. (1) Solid‐state fermentation by fungi resulted in a decrease of the total nitrogen for B. amyloliquefaciens CX‐20 growth and metabolism, which caused nitrogen waste from RSM. (2) The released free ammonium nitrogen in liquid hydrolysates by fungal pretreatment led to the reduction of iturin A. (3) The insoluble precipitates of hydrolysates, which were mostly ignored and wasted in previous studies, were found to have beneficial effects on producing iturin A. In conclusion, our study verifies the unconventional adverse effects of fungal pretreatment on iturin A production by B. amyloliquefaciens CX‐20 compared with direct bio‐utilization of RSM.
Relationship of Wnt pathway activity and organ involvement in scleroderma types
Authors: Koçak Ayşe , Harmancı Duygu , Güner Akdoğan Gül , Birlik Merih
Published: September 2020

Objective

Scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. In SSc, the heart, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal (GIS) system, muscle, and peri‐articular structures are damaged. There is no study of the relationship between SSc type, stage, pathogenesis, organ involvement, and Wnt signaling. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship of the Wnt gene family and antagonists in SSc subtypes and different organ involvement.

Methods

Eighty‐five SSc patients and 77 controls were included in this study. The gene expressions and protein levels of the Wnt family and antagonists were analyzed from blood samples. The relationship between these parameters and disease stage, type, and organ involvement were evaluated.

Results

Wnt‐1, Wnt‐10b, Wnt‐2, and Wnt‐6 gene expressions are increased and Axin‐2, DKK‐1, and Kremen protein expressions are decreased in SSc. Wnt‐3a and Wnt‐10a gene expressions are increased in generalized SSc compared to limited SSc. Wnt‐1, Wnt‐2 gene expressions are increased significantly in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)(+) SSc compared to PAH(−) SSc. There was a positive correlation between the modified Rodnan skin score and Wnt‐2 in SSc. There was a significant positive correlation between GIS involvement score and Wnt‐1, Wnt‐2, Wnt‐4, Wnt‐8a, Wnt‐9b in SSc.

Conclusion

Wnt‐1 and Wnt‐2 were found higher in scleroderma and organ involvement. They may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Evaluation of inflammatory rheumatic diseases from an emergency medicine perspective
Authors: San Ishak , Erden Abdulsamet , Gemcioglu Emin , Kücüksahin Orhan
Published: September 2020

Background

Patients with rheumatological complaints may visit an emergency department (ED) because of an acute attack or complication. Because of the recent increased use of immunosuppressant drugs to treat rheumatic diseases, more patients with these conditions visit the ED with a complaint about an infection. However, there are little data on the ED visits of patients with rheumatological complaints. This study evaluated the ED visits of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Materials and Methods

A total of 2715 patients (1753 females, 962 males) who had been diagnosed with an inflammatory rheumatic disease and followed up at the rheumatology clinic of Yıldırım Beyazit University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between April 2014 and April 2018 were included in the study. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were obtained from the hospital patient records. The ED visits of these patients were classified into five triage groups (T1: critical, T2: very urgent, T3: urgent, T4: less urgent, T5: not urgent).

Results

Of the 2715 patients, 577 (21.3%) had visited the ED. The three most numerous groups who visited the ED were patients with rheumatoid arthritis (19.8%), ankylosing spondylitis (19.2%), and familial Mediterranean fever (15.9%). Of these 577 patients, 347 (60.1%) were discharged from the ED, 209 (36.2%) were hospitalized in the wards, and 21 (3.6%) were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). The 3 main reasons for visiting the ED were fever and malaise (n = 152, 26.3%), musculoskeletal complaints (n = 125, 21.7%), and abdominal pain (n = 89, 15.4%). The most numerous group of patients referred by the ED to the wards had vasculitis (n = 38, 17.9%), while the most numerous group of patients referred to the ICU had scleroderma (n = 7, 33.3%). Of the 21 patients who were referred by the ED to the ICU, 16 (76.1%) had respiratory system complaints. Of the 577 patients, 10 (1.7%) died. Eight of the 10 patients (80%) had a rheumatic disease and died after admission to the ICU. The other 2 patients had been diagnosed with pneumonia and myocardial infarction, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study found that visits to the ED by patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases were classified as urgent or less urgent. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were the most numerous ED visitors. Vasculitis was the most common cause of hospitalization in the wards and scleroderma was the most common cause of hospitalization in the ICU and death. This suggests that ED physicians should be aware of these patients.
Durable efficacy of anlotinib in a patient with advanced thymic squamous cell carcinoma after multiline chemotherapy and apatinib: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zuo Ran , Zhang Cuicui , Lin Li , Meng Zhaoting , Wang Yajie , Su Yudong , Abudurazik Mihray , Du Ye , Chen Peng
Published: September 2020

Thymic carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive mediastinal tumor. Most patients are diagnosed at surgically unresectable stages. Current prospective and retrospective studies have indicated that platinum and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy are the first choice drugs of first‐line therapy for advanced thymic carcinoma. However, there is no optimal treatment after progression for patients who have undergone first‐line and subsequent chemotherapy. Anlotinib, a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase multitarget inhibitor, was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration as a third‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in May 2018. Herein we report a case of an advanced thymic squamous cell carcinoma patient harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion who had previously received multiline therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as antiangiogenic therapy. Also as an angiogenesis inhibitor, anotinib had controlled his mediastinal mass after failure of the apatinib treatment. To date, over 23 months of progression‐free survival (PFS) and six years of overall survival (OS) have been achieved. Compared with apatinib, the adverse reactions have been mild and tolerable and the patient's quality of life has improved. To our knowledge, this is the first report where anlotinib has been effective in controlling the progression of thymic carcinoma. In the multiline treatment of advanced thymic carcinoma, anlotinib appears to show great potential when utilized as a salvage treatment.
Rock art survey in the ancient oasis of Salūt (northern Sultanate of Oman): a variegated iconographic record
Authors: Degli Esposti Michele , Cremaschi Mauro , Zerboni Andrea
Published: September 2020

The systematic survey of petroglyphs in the area of the ancient oasis of Salūt, in central Oman, highlighted a rich repertoire of representations that are here discussed against the background of Arabian rock art in general. The region displays an extremely rich number of engravings along the slopes of the Jabal Hammah, north of the main site of Salūt. The majority of the petroglyphs find abundant fitting comparisons in the region. The notable exception of the motif of the “man with halberd” is presented, as it appears to be significantly rare and underlines interpretative issues concerning the so‐called T‐shaped signs, ubiquitous in Arabian rock art. One of its occurrences was radiocarbon dated to before the mid‐first millennium BCE. This and other, relative hints for reconstructing the chronological context of the petroglyphs are discussed, indicating that engravings can be broadly dated from the second millennium BCE onwards.
Development of a comprehensive Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy process model for procedural training: A Delphi‐based experts consensus
Authors: de la Fuente Rene , Kattan Eduardo , Munoz‐Gama Jorge , Puente Ignacio , Navarrete Matías , Kychenthal Catalina , Fuentes Ricardo , Bravo Sebastian , Galvez Victor , Sepúlveda Marcos
Published: September 2020

Background

Deconstructing a complex procedure improves skills learning, but no model has covered all relevant Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT) procedural aspects. Moreover, the heterogeneity of techniques described may hinder trainees’ competency acquisition. Our objective was to develop a PDT model for procedural training that includes a comprehensive step‐by‐step design.

Methods

Procedural descriptions were retrieved after a structured search in medical databases. Activities were extracted and the adherence to McKinley's dimensions of procedural competence was analyzed. We developed a comprehensive PDT model, which was further validated through a Delphi‐based consensus of Spanish‐speaking international experts.

Results

The 14 descriptions retrieved for analysis presented a median [interquartile range] of 18 [11‐22] steps, covering 3 [2‐4] of McKinley's dimensions. The Delphi panel's first model included all McKinley's dimensions, and was answered by 25 experts from nine countries, ending in the second round. The final model included 59 activities divided into six stages (51 from the initial model and eight proposed by experts) and performed by two operators (bronchoscopy and tracheostomy).

Conclusions

We have presented a PDT model that includes necessary competence dimensions to be considered complete. The model was validated by an experts’ consensus, allowing to improve procedural training to promote safer patient care.
Clearance of senescent cells during cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury improves recovery
Authors: Dookun Emily , Walaszczyk Anna , Redgrave Rachael , Palmowski Pawel , Tual‐Chalot Simon , Suwana Averina , Chapman James , Jirkovsky Eduard , Donastorg Sosa Leticia , Gill Eleanor , Yausep Oliver E , Santin Yohan , Mialet‐Perez Jeanne , Andrew Owens W , Grieve David , Spyridopoulos Ioakim , Taggart Michael , Arthur Helen M. , Passos João F. , Richardson Gavin D.
Published: September 2020

A key component of cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is the increased generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to enhanced inflammation and tissue dysfunction in patients following intervention for myocardial infarction. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress, due to ischemia–reperfusion, induces senescence which contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac IRI. We demonstrate that IRI induces cellular senescence in both cardiomyocytes and interstitial cell populations and treatment with the senolytic drug navitoclax after ischemia–reperfusion improves left ventricular function, increases myocardial vascularization, and decreases scar size. SWATH‐MS‐based proteomics revealed that biological processes associated with fibrosis and inflammation that were increased following ischemia–reperfusion were attenuated upon senescent cell clearance. Furthermore, navitoclax treatment reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory, profibrotic, and anti‐angiogenic cytokines, including interferon gamma‐induced protein‐10, TGF‐β3, interleukin‐11, interleukin‐16, and fractalkine. Our study provides proof‐of‐concept evidence that cellular senescence contributes to impaired heart function and adverse remodeling following cardiac ischemia–reperfusion. We also establish that post‐IRI the SASP plays a considerable role in the inflammatory response. Subsequently, senolytic treatment, at a clinically feasible time‐point, attenuates multiple components of this response and improves clinically important parameters. Thus, cellular senescence represents a potential novel therapeutic avenue to improve patient outcomes following cardiac ischemia–reperfusion.
Morphological features of lower respiratory tract of nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Araújo João Victor Silva , de Barros Gabriel Martins , Cavalcante Maria Michele Araújo de Sousa , Silva Andrezza Braga Soares da , Monção Élida da Costa , Mendonça Tarsia Giabardo Silva , Mendes Júnior Aírton Conde
Published: September 2020

The nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is a mammal of the Xenarthra Superorder, which inhabits Central, South and North America. Few morphological descriptions are observed in this species, including the respiratory tract; therefore, the objective of this study was to describe morphologically the lower respiratory tract of the nine‐banded armadillo. Five animals were dissected, and the macroscopic and microscopic aspects were analysed. In the anatomical analysis, the perfusion technique was performed with vinyl acetate and the fragments of tissue from respiratory organs (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and pulmonary lobes) were stained with haematoxylin–eosin for visualization under optical microscopy. Containing about 30 cartilage rings, the trachea is lined internally with ciliated pseudostratified epithelial tissue. The lungs are subdivided into lobes by deep interlobar fissures, with two lobes in the right lung and three lobes in the left lung. Microscopically, the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi have non‐ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells. It was found that macro‐ and microscopically the respiratory tract of this species is similar to existing xenarthras and other excavator animals. These data provide subsidies for the clinic and preservation of this species.
Epicutaneous immunotherapy protects cashew‐sensitized mice from anaphylaxis
Authors: Pelletier Benjamin , Perrin Audrey , Assoun Noémie , Plaquet Camille , Oreal Nathalie , Gaulme Laetitia , Bouzereau Adeline , Labernardière Jean‐Louis , Ligouis Mélanie , Dioszeghy Vincent , Wavrin Sophie , Matthews Katie , Porcheray Fabrice , Sampson Hugh A. , Hervé Pierre‐Louis
Published: September 2020

Background

The prevalence of tree nut allergy has increased worldwide, and cashew has become one of the most common food allergens. More critically, cashew allergy is frequently associated with severe anaphylaxis. Despite the high medical need, no approved treatment is available and strict avoidance and preparedness for prompt treatment of allergic reactions are considered dual standard of care. In the meantime, Phase III study results suggest investigational epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) may be a relevant and safe treatment for peanut allergy and may improve the quality of life for many peanut allergic children.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the capacity of EPIT to provide protection against cashew‐induced anaphylaxis in a relevant mouse model.

Methods

The efficacy of EPIT was evaluated by applying patches containing cashew allergens to cashew‐sensitized mice. As negative control, sham mice received patches containing excipient. Following treatment, mice were challenged orally to cashew and anaphylactic symptoms, as well as plasmatic levels of mast‐cell proteases (mMCP)‐1/7, were quantified.

Results

Of 16 weeks of EPIT significantly protects against anaphylaxis by promoting a faster recovery of challenged mice. This protection was characterized by a significant reduction of temperature drop and clinical symptoms, 60 minutes after challenge. This was associated with a decrease in mast‐cell reactivity as attested by the reduction of mMCP‐1/7 in plasma, suggesting that EPIT specifically decrease IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that EPIT markedly reduced IgE‐mediated allergic reactions in a mouse model of cashew allergy, which suggests that EPIT may be a relevant approach to treating cashew allergy.
Aberrant default mode network and auditory network underlying the sympathetic skin response of the penis (PSSR) of patients with premature ejaculation: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Chen Jianhuai , Wu Wanke , Xiang Ziliang , Wang Qing , Huang Xinfei , Lu Chao , Liu Shaowei , Chen Yun , Yang Jie
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is considered as an important component involved in the pathological mechanisms of premature ejaculation (PE). However, the neural mechanisms of PE with high sympathetic activity are still not well understood.

Methods

The activity of the sympathetic innervations in the penis was evaluated by the sympathetic skin response of the penis (PSSR) with an electromyograph and evoked potential equipment. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired from 18 PE patients with high sympathetic activity (sPE), 17 PE patients with normal sympathetic activity (nsPE), and 24 healthy controls (HC). We investigated the neural basis of sPE based on the measure of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Moreover, the correlations between brain regions with altered ReHo and PEDT scores and PSSR latencies in the patient group were explored.

Results

Altered ReHo values among three groups were found in the temporal, cingulated, and parietal cortex in the default mode network (DMN), as well as the temporal cortex in the auditory network (AUD). Compared with HC, Patients with sPE had increased ReHo values of brain regions in DMN, AUD, and decreased ReHo values of brain regions in DMN. In addition, increased ReHo values were found in DMN of patients with nsPE, while decreased ReHo values were found in DMN and the attention network (AN). Moreover, sPE patients had increased ReHo values in AUD and decreased ReHo values in DMN when compared with nsPE patients. Finally, altered ReHo values of brain regions in DMN and AUD were associated with PEDT scores and PSSR latencies in the patient group.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that PE patients had abnormal ReHo values in DMN, AUD, and AN. Patients with sPE were characterized by increased neuronal activity in AUD and decreased activity in DMN. This highlighted the significances of DMN, AUD, and AN in the pathophysiology of PE and also provided potential neuroimaging biomarkers for distinguishing sPE from nsPE and HC.
From epistemology to the method: phenomenology of the body, qì cultivation (qìgōng) and religious experiences in Chinese worlds
Authors: Micollier Evelyne
Published: September 2020

At the intersections of social anthropology, philosophy, and Asian studies, my paper explores the body ecologic through a phenomenological frame in the context of Chinese culture engaging both theory and method. How can qì cultivation experiences transporting bodies and persons in movement, within the world and their “life‐world,” be interpreted through a phenomenology of perception? Based on ethnographic study data collected mainly in South China (Guangzhou) and in Taiwan (1990s–2000s), this exploration is situated within qìgōng experiences (training, cultivating and mastering the qì). Anchored in martial, religious, and healing arts and their meanings, qìgōng’s myriad of forms and infinite variations invite journeys into religious Daoist and Buddhist practice, Chinese thought, and politico‐religious issues of past and present Chinese society. The qìgōng world, paths of knowledge transmission, healing horizons, claimed affiliations, and views of practitioners unveil an ontology and a cosmology grounded in religious (Daoist and Buddhist) lore.
The impact of structural optical coherence tomography changes on visual function in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Michl Martin , Liu Xuhui , Kaider Alexandra , Sadeghipour Amir , Gerendas Bianca S. , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula
Published: September 2020

Purpose

We aimed to determine the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐ and demographic features and baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in treatment‐naïve patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional posthoc analysis of OCT images that included RVO patients from two prospective, open‐label, multicentre studies. The morphological grading was done manually, in the standardized setting of a reading centre. Main outcome measure was the estimated difference in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters associated with each individual biomarker.

Results

Included were 381/301 treatment‐naïve patients with BRVO/CRVO. For BRVO, statistically significant correlations with BCVA were seen for a 100 µm increase in central subfield thickness (CST; −3.1 letters), intraretinal cysts at centre point (CP; +4.1), subretinal fluid (SRF) at CP (+3.0) and hyperreflective foci (HRF) at the central B‐scan (−2.2). In CRVO, a 100 µm increase in CST was associated with a loss of −3.4 letters. In the total cohort, 100 µm increase in CST, SRF at CP and HRF at the central B‐scan correlated with a difference of −3.2,+3.2 and −2.0 letters. A 10‐year increase in age and female gender yielded a −2.0 and −2.5 letter decrease in the total cohort. Adjusted multiple R2 for the respective group was 18.3%/26.3%/23.5%.

Conclusions

Of all parameters studied, only CST and age were consistently associated with worse BCVA in treatment‐naïve RVO patients. Morphology on OCT explained only a modest part of functional loss in this patient cohort.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of central serous chorioretinopathy patients’ response to breath‐holding manoeuvre
Authors: Karapapak Murat , Güven Dilek , Demir Mehmet , Tiryaki Demir Semra , Uslu Dogan Ceylan
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To demonstrate through the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) that normal vasoreactivity cannot be monitored in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) patients in the presence of vasoactive stimuli owing to hypoxia caused by the breath‐holding manoeuvre (BHM).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included a total of 210 eyes, including 70 CSR patients (70 symptomatic eyes, 70 asymptomatic eyes) and 70 control group. Images of the macula (3 × 3 mm) and the optic disc (4.5 × 4.5 mm) were obtained at the baseline and after BHM using OCTA. The change in vascular parameters in the OCTA after BHM was evaluated in CSR patients and the control group.

Results

In the symptomatic eyes of CSR patients, the mean whole image vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus decreased from 48.0 ± 3.5% under baseline conditions to 46.0 ± 4.5% after BHM (p < 0.01), and the mean whole VD in the deep capillary plexus decreased from 47.9 ± 8.0% under baseline conditions to 46.9 ± 6.7% after BHM (p < 0.01). The OCTA after BHM revealed a decrease in the mean whole image VD of the optic disc in both symptomatic (50.4 ± 2.1% to 49.6 ± 2.0%, p < 0.05) and asymptomatic (50.9 ± 1.8% to 50.4 ± 1.9%, p < 0.05) eyes of CSR patients. No difference for any mean VD of the control group was seen between the baseline and after BHM. Outer retinal flow areas increased significantly after BHM compared with the baseline in both eyes of CSR patients.

Conclusion

These results suggest that CSR pathogenesis is related to an imbalance in local vascular regulation and the sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system. This technique constitutes a new way of studying retinal vascular changes and may be applied to CSR patients.
Association between age‐related macular degeneration and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Sculean Anton , Romanos Georgios E.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the association between age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. The focused question was ‘Is there a relationship between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases?’ Indexed databases were searched up to and including May 2020 to identify pertinent original studies. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Five observational cohort studies were included that assessed the association between AMD and periodontitis. The number of patients with and without AMD ranged between 54 and 90 and 1697 and 12,171 individuals, respectively. Examiner blinding to the study groups was performed in 1 of the 5 studies. None of the studies were power adjusted. Scrutiny of studies showed that all 5 studies included in the present systematic review had a high risk of bias. Results from all studies reported a direct association between AMD and periodontitis. No studies assessed the association between AMD and peri‐implant diseases. The association between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases remains debatable. Further well‐designed and power‐adjusted studies are needed to determine whether or not a ‘true’ association exists between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.
Progression of macular atrophy in patients undergoing anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Cho Han Joo , Park Sang Min , Kim Jaemin , Nah Seung Kwan , Lee Jihyun , Lee Dong Won , Kim Jong Woo
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To assess differences in the progression of macular atrophy (MA) between neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) subtypes and to identify the risk factors associated with the foveal involvement among patients with MA undergoing long‐term anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment.

Methods

Eighty eyes of 80 patients with neovascular AMD who developed incident MA following anti‐VEGF therapy were retrospectively included. Macular atrophy (MA) was quantified using autofluoresence (AF) images within 24 months after the onset of MA, and the enlargement rate was compared between neovascular AMD subtypes. Regression models were constructed to explore relationships between foveal involvement in MA and baseline characteristics.

Results

The growth rate of MA was 0.18 mm2/year for type 1 neovascularization (NV), 0.24 mm2/year for type 2 NV, and 1.21 mm2/year for type 3 NV; differences between groups were significant (p = 0.022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that thin subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.028), presence of subretinal drusenoid deposit (p = 0.005), type 2 or 3 NV (p = 0.023), and geographic atrophy in the fellow eye (p = 0.035) were significant risk factors for MA with foveal involvement. The number of injections showed no significant association with the progression or the foveal involvement in MA.

Conclusions

The progression of MA in patients with neovascular AMD undergoing anti‐VEGF treatment differed significantly depending on the subtype of neovascularization. The risk of foveal involvement in MA was associated with the baseline factors or phenotype of neovascular AMD rather than with injection frequency of anti‐VEGF.
Detection of primary angleclosure suspect with different mechanisms of angle closure using multivariate prediction models
Authors: Zhang Ye , Dong Zhe , Zhang Qing , Li Lei , Thomas Ravi , Li Si Zhen , He Ming Guang , Wang Ning Li
Published: September 2020

Purpose

We had found that a multivariate prediction model used for the detection of primary angle‐closure suspects (PACS) by combining multiple static and dynamic anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) parameters had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.844. We undertook this study to evaluate this method in screening of PACS with different dominant mechanisms of angle closure (AC).

Methods

The right eyes of subjects aged ≥40 years who participated in the 5‐year follow‐up of the Handan Eye Study and had undergone gonioscopy and ASOCT examinations under light and dark conditions were included. All ASOCT images were analysed by the Zhongshan Angle Assessment Program. The dominant AC mechanism in each eye was determined to be pupillary block (PB), plateau iris configuration (PIC) or thick peripheral iris roll (TPIR). Backward logistic regression (LR) was used for inclusion of variables in the prediction models. LR, Naïve Bayes’ classification (NBC) and neural network (NN) were evaluated and compared using the AUC.

Results

Data from 796 subjects (413 PACS and 383 normal eyes) were analysed. The AUCs of LR, NBC and NN in the PB group were 0.920, 0.918 and 0.917. The AUCs of LR, NBC and NN in the PIC group were 0.715, 0.708 and 0.707. The AUCs of LR, NBC and NN in TPIR group were 0.867, 0.833 and 0.886.

Conclusions

Prediction models showed the best performance for detection of PACS with PB mechanism for AC and have potential for screening of PACS.
FLAME‐D Database: An Integrated System for the Study of Archaeometallurgy
Authors: Perucchetti L. , Bray P. , Felicetti A. , Sainsbury V. , Howarth P. , Saunders M. K. , Hommel P. , Pollard M.
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the reorganisation of archaeometallurgical legacy data for future research. When archaeometallurgical research aims to answer questions that involve significant movements of raw material or metal objects, it needs to rely on large sets of data. These data are available but scattered across hundreds publications, where they are differently organised, based on the focus of the original papers. The FLAME‐D database aims to collect this corpus of data and include it in a versatile structure that also maintains the information about the original data organization. The production of such a database requires transparent data transformations. The database is complemented by a series of online tools that make data available to answer new questions.
Intended responses to romantic partners’ annoying behaviours vary with willpower beliefs
Authors: Francis Zoë , Job Veronika
Published: September 2020

When a romantic partner behaves in an annoying way – for example, by leaving a mess – we might respond with frustration or understanding. Responses may vary with contextual factors, including whether the partner could be mentally fatigued or depleted. We hypothesized that limited willpower theorists – who believe self‐control diminishes with use – might be especially likely to consider their partner’s preceding mental exertion. Two preregistered studies (combined N = 428) examined participants’ responses to four hypothetical scenarios. Limited theorists responded more compassionately to infractions performed after fatiguing days than to those performed after relaxing days; non‐limited theorists responded more consistently, regardless of context. Beliefs about one’s own willpower, rather than beliefs about one’s partner’s willpower, can affect how people respond to their partner’s undesirable behaviours.
Unworthy of Grief: Enduring Urban Violence in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Kolling Marie
Published: September 2020

Pervasive urban violence has taken its toll on daily life in the northern part of Recife. Taking an ethnographic approach, and tracing recent developments of violent crime and homicide in Recife, this article explores the implications of the normalisation of violence. By thinking through how residents tried to protect themselves and endure the violence in practical and moral terms, the article seeks to elucidate why some members of the community – victims of violent crime and their mothers – were not deemed worthy of grief.
Quality of life in individuals with Down syndrome aged 4 to 21 years
Authors: Lee Anna , Knafl George , Knafl Kathleen , Van Riper Marcia
Published: September 2020

Background

To date, investigations of quality of life (QoL) in children with Down syndrome (DS) are rather limited. The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine QoL in children with DS and to explore possible differences in the QoL by age and gender.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of 211 parents of children with DS was conducted using an online survey that included a consent form, a demographic questionnaire and the English version of KidsLife, which is a measure of children's QoL.

Results

Our results demonstrated moderate or favourable levels of QoL except for the emotional well‐being domain among children with DS. The children's QoL showed no variance by gender. However, emotional and material well‐being, interpersonal relations and social inclusion varied by age.

Conclusions

The current findings provide important evidence that will help healthcare, educational and social services professionals to understand the multiple aspects of QoL in children with DS and support parents in their efforts to ensure the child's QoL. The results also point to the need to develop interventions aimed at improving QoL in those areas where children with DS are at increased risk for poorer QoL.
Autoantibodies associated with primary biliary cholangitis are common among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus even in the absence of elevated liver enzymes
Authors: Ahmad A , Heijke R , Eriksson P , Wirestam L , Kechagias S , Dahle C , Sjöwall C
Published: September 2020

Knowledge of concomitant autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) is more detailed in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) compared to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, the prevalence of autoantibodies associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) was investigated in stored sera from patients with SLE (n = 280) and pSS (n = 114). Antibodies against mitochondria (AMA), liver–kidney microsomal (LKM) antigen, smooth muscle (SMA) and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were analysed with immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, AILD-associated autoantibodies were tested with immunoblot. Prior to sampling, eight SLE (2·9%) and three pSS (2·6%) cases were diagnosed with AILD. Among SLE-cases without known AILD (n = 272), 26 (9·6%) had PBC-associated autoantibodies, 15 (5·5%) AIH-associated autoantibodies (excluding ANA) and one serological overlap. Most subjects with PBC-associated autoantibodies had liver enzymes within reference limits (22 of 27, 81%) or mild laboratory cholestasis (two of 27, 7·4%), while one fulfilled the diagnostic PBC-criteria. AMA-M2 detected by immunoblot was the most common PBC-associated autoantibody in SLE (20 of 272, 7·4%). The prevalence of SMA (4·4%) was comparable with a healthy reference population, but associated with elevated liver enzymes in four of 12 (25%), none meeting AIH-criteria. The patient with combined AIH/PBC-serology had liver enzymes within reference limits. Among pSS cases without known AILD (n = 111), nine (8·1%) had PBC-associated, 12 (10·8%) AIH-associated autoantibodies and two overlapped. PBC-associated autoantibodies were found as frequently in SLE as in pSS but were, with few exceptions, not associated with laboratory signs of liver disease. Overall, AILD-associated autoantibodies were predominantly detected by immunoblot and no significant difference in liver enzymes was found between AILD autoantibody-negative and -positive patients.
Colour‐texture mapping associations in terms of preference
Authors: Fasllija Ela , Olguntürk Nilgün , Güvenç Dilek
Published: September 2020

Basic design is the origin of many design‐related fields and covers different concepts such as pattern, colour, texture and relief. Because colour is rarely seen as a uniformly plain element, current research embraces colour and texture as equally important variables. Investigations consider the association of colour and texture in terms of preference. One hundred individuals trained in design, as well as 96 individuals not trained in design, participated in an experiment in a virtual and abstract environment. We chose four primary colours from Natural Colour System colour space (yellow, red, green and blue) with the same saturation and brightness values. They were associated with three different texture types (plain, basket and broken twill), which we obtained by scanning the physical textile samples. In the second part of the experiment, we attempted to find a relationship between colour and one texture variable, in this case texture strength. The results of the study do not verify the existence of a dependency between colour and texture in either sample group. Also, there is no verification that a relationship between colour and texture strength exists. Furthermore, the results show that overall blue is the most preferred colour. Moreover, all participants preferred fine textures to coarse ones. Design‐trained participants often associate fine strength level with basket texture whereas the non‐design–trained participants more often associate it with plain textures. Lastly, the majority of participants state that blue is their most preferred colour in fine rather than coarse textures.
Flying with the Dragon: Estimating Developing Countries’ Gains from China's Imports
Authors: Qian Xuefeng , Rafique Kalsoom , Wu Yingna
Published: September 2020

As a large trading nation, China competes with importing countries’ domestic and third‐country markets but also creates growth opportunities for exporters. Most studies on China trade shocks or “China shocks” focuse on the impacts of import competition on developed economies. The present paper complements research on China shocks by exploring the other side of the trade exposure to China – China as the largest importer, rather than as an exporter. We analyze the effects of export expansion into China on the local labor markets of the exporting developing countries for the years 1992 to 2018. Using detailed export and employment data, we estimate employment pattern variations in manufacturing industries with exports from other developing countries as instruments for export exposure. We find that the increase in trade exposure to China in the world economy has caused extensive job gains in manufacturing industries in developing countries that were exporters. On average, our estimations show that this trade exposure created approximately 1.5 million additional jobs from 1992 to 2018, which made an important contribution to manufacturing industries in developing countries. Our empirical analysis also shows that trade had stabilizing effects on employment in the countries in our sample generally.
The sticky mittens paradigm: A critical appraisal of current results and explanations
Authors: van den Berg Linda , Gredebäck Gustaf
Published: September 2020

Almost two decades ago, the sticky mittens paradigm was demonstrated as a way to train reaching and grasping behaviors in pre‐reaching infants, and consequently improve visual attentional abilities. In that first study, Needham and colleagues fitted 3‐month‐old infants with Velcro loop‐covered mittens and allowed them to interact with Velcro hook‐covered toys over the course of 2 weeks. In this review, we scrutinize the 17 studies that have followed those first sticky mittens results in regards to the motor, social perception, and visual attentional domains. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of the sticky mittens training. Current evidence strongly suggests that sticky mittens training facilitates social perception, which is consistent with prior correlational work showing links between action production and action perception. However, studies targeting motor and visual attentional abilities have too diverse results to warrant firm conclusions. We conclude that future research should focus on uncovering if there is a connection between sticky mittens training and motor behavior.