bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing pollutant removal efficiency through multi-flow cascade flocculation and flotation reactor: a detailed flow field analysis
Authors: Wang Qingji , Wang Hao , Sun Xiumei , Li Liang , Liang Xing
Published: February 2025

Design and performance evaluation of a multi-flow cascade reactor (MCFR) for effective pollutant removal, including detailed analysis of flow dynamics, flocculation efficiency.
Nanosensor for the detection of bromothymol blue dye and its removal from wastewater by sustainable methods
Authors: Sheraz Nashra , Shah Afzal , Shah Syed Sakhawat
Published: February 2025

This study introduces the environmentally friendly synthesis of Ag2O, TiO2, and Ni-doped SnO2 nanoparticles and their application in detecting and removing bromothymol blue dye from wastewater.
Compositional and interfacial engineering for improved light stability of flexible wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wąsiak-Maciejak Anna , Przypis Łukasz , Żuraw Wiktor , Rycek Kinga , Janicka Patrycja , Ścigaj Mateusz , Dyk Konrad , Lai Huagui , Piejko Adrianna , Pucicki Damian , Fu Fan , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Wojciechowski Konrad
Published: February 2025

Compositional and interfacial engineering for improved light stability of flexible wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells and a highly efficient flexible all-perovskite tandem device.
Quantity and Complexity of Speech-Language Pathologists' Talk During School-Based Therapy
Authors: Sun Jing , Justice Laura M. , Jhuo Rong-An , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This study examined the quantity and complexity of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') talk during therapy with school-aged children and explored the extent to which SLP- and session-level characteristics contribute to the variability in SLP talk quantity, grammatical complexity, and lexical complexity during therapy.

Method:

We used secondary data collected from 209 business-as-usual therapy session recordings collected in the fall of the school year involving 75 SLPs and 281 kindergarten, first-, and/or second-grade students. Students were receiving services for language disorder and had therapy goals targeting various domains of language. SLP talk was coded to capture various aspects of quantity and complexity.

Results:

SLPs with more years of experience tended to produce a lower quantity of talk, whereas higher levels of time pressure were associated with increased quantity of talk as well as grammatical and lexical complexity. In addition, session length, mean age of children, and children's phonological awareness scores were significantly associated with SLP talk quantity, grammatical complexity, and lexical complexity.

Conclusions:

This study adds to the evidence for the variability of SLP talk. SLP talk quantity and complexity are related to SLPs' years of experience and time pressure. Session-level predictors suggest grouping strategies for therapy sessions.
Black hole accretion and radiation variability in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations with Rezzolla–Zhidenko spacetime
Authors: Moriyama Kotaro , Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Mizuno Yosuke , Dihingia Indu K. , Uniyal Akhil
Published: February 2025

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has unveiled the horizon-scale radiation properties of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, providing a novel platform for testing gravitational theories by comparing observations with theoretical models. A key next step is to investigate the nature of accretion flows and spacetime structures near black holes by analyzing the time variability observed in EHT data alongside general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. We explored the dynamics of accretion flows in spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes with deviations from general relativity utilizing two dimensional GRMHD simulations based on the Rezzolla–Zhidenko parameterized spacetime. This study marks the first systematic investigation into how variability amplitudes in light curves, derived from non-Kerr GRMHD simulations, depend on deviations from the Schwarzschild spacetime. The deviation parameters are consistent with the constraints from weak gravitational fields and the size of Sgr A*’s black hole shadow. We find that the dynamics of accretion flows systematically depend on these parameters. In spacetimes with a deeper gravitational potential, fluid and Alfvén velocities consistently decrease relative to the Schwarzschild metric, indicating weaker dynamical behavior. We also examined the influence of spacetime deviations on radiation properties by computing luminosity fluctuations at 230 GHz using general relativistic radiative transfer simulations, in line with EHT observations. The amplitude of these fluctuations exhibits a systematic dependence on the deviation parameters, decreasing for deeper gravitational potentials compared to the Schwarzschild metric. These features are validated using one of the theoretically predicted metrics, the Hayward metric, a model that describes nonsingular black holes. This characteristic is expected to have similar effects in more comprehensive simulations that include more realistic accretion disk models and electron cooling in the future, potentially aiding in distinguishing black hole solutions that explain the variability of Sgr A*.
Ecological assessment of rain erosion damage using physical modeling methods
Authors: Prushchik Anastasia , Rubanik Yuliya , Doroshenko Elizaveta , Zaikina Maria
Published: February 2025

This study presents an ecological assessment of rain-induced soil erosion on a southern-exposed slope within the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center's field experiment (Medvensky district, Kursk region). The research focused on slightly eroded, medium-moist, medium loamy typical chernozem (Chernozems halpic) soil developed on loess-like loams. Soil loss quantification employed a laboratory-field sprinkler system and runoff area sprinkling method, simulating a 9% increase in rain intensity over 30 minutes. Results showed an average steady-state absorption intensity of 0.58±0.02 mm/min, with soil erosion exceeding allowable loss rates after 8 minutes of rainfall. Cumulative soil washout reached 16 t/ha, surpassing permissible erosion norms by 8-fold. The study recommends developing a digital elevation model to calculate runoff line lengths and slopes, enabling the creation of a potential soil washout map for rainfall events exceeding permissible erosion loss norms. These findings provide valuable insights for soil conservation strategies in the region.
Some methods of greenhouse gas utilization in hydrate form
Authors: Chiglintsev Igor , Nasyrov Azat
Published: February 2025

The article discusses methods for the artificial production of gas hydrates for the utilization of greenhouse gases. Experimental and theoretical works on the formation of hydrates are analyzed. The conditions for the formation of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates are presented, and the possibility of storing greenhouse gases in the form of hydrates in comparison with the compressed state is shown. Methods for producing hydrates by bubbling gases through water, intense mixing and exposure to pressure waves are considered. Methods for recycling greenhouse gases by injecting them into permafrost, underground formations and snow masses are described. Attention is paid to the duration of the hydrate formation process and methods of its intensification. The conditions for the effective production of hydrates for the utilization of greenhouse gases are considered. Technological schemes for the production of hydrates for their industrial use in order to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions are presented.
Antioxidant and antiradical activity of Heracleum sosnowskyi inflorescences in the Murmansk region
Authors: Kozlova Svetlana , Koigerova Alena
Published: February 2025

At present, there is an increased interest in the study of plant extracts in order to find promising sources of biological compounds for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Sosnowsky’s hogweed (lat. Heracleum
sosnowskyi Manden.) is a large herbaceous plant capable of accumulating a large volume of green biomass. Presumably, during the period of mass flowering of inflorescences, plants are in greater need of antioxidant and antiradical protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiradical activity of substances contained in the inflorescences of H.
sosnowskyi Manden., growing in the Murmansk region. It was shown that during the period of mass flowering of the main inflorescence of H.
sosnowskyi Manden., the content of compounds with antioxidant activity reaches higher values in the harsh conditions of the Khibiny than on the foothill plain. The data obtained will allow improve understanding of the peculiarities of plant metabolism in the conditions of the Kola Peninsula and to develop modern technologies for the extraction of biologically active compounds from the inflorescences of H.
sosnowskyi Manden., growing in the Murmansk region.
Production of food-grade calcium phosphate utilizing thermal phosphoric acid and lime
Authors: Turdialieva Shahzoda , Nomozov Shuhrat , Namazov Shafoat , Ishmanova Zoxida , Kholmurodov Jamshid , Oxundadayev Abdugani , Kamalov Akmal
Published: February 2025

The importance of feed phosphates in animal husbandry and the state of their production are mentioned in the article. Dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate production processes in the recirculation mode and tricalcium phosphate in the non-recirculation mode were studied by the interaction of thermal phosphoric acid and lime. In this case, at a concentration of 50.58% of Н3РO4 in Р2O5, its optimal rate was obtained from stoichiometry for dicalcium phosphate as 95%, for tricalcium phosphate as 100%. It fully meets the standard requirements for the quality of two types of nutritional calcium phosphates, at the same time it allows to increase the actual mass of poultry and cattle, plays an important role in dramatically increasing the weight of black cattle, accelerating their digestion process, milk production, and increasing the volume of egg laying in poultry, and also treats diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia, anemia.
Effectiveness of compositions based on thiosulfonates and biosurfactants for plant protection against phytopathogens
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yuriy , Ishniyazova Shakhista , Voinash Sergey , Orekhovskaya Alexandra , Vanzha Vladimir , Akhtyamova Leisan
Published: February 2025

The study investigates the effectiveness of new compositions based on thiosulfonates and biogenic surfactants in combating phytopathogenic microorganisms such as
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and
Clavibacter michiganensis. The use of a rhamnolipid biocomplex in combination with thiosulfonates significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the agents. Combinations of rhamnolipids with thiosulfonates proved more effective than thiosulfonates alone, demonstrating a reduction in the required concentrations by approximately 50%. The effect of the compositions on the permeability of microbial cell membranes was studied by measuring the amount of extracellular protein released. The results showed that rhamnolipid biocomplex increased membrane permeability, which in turn heightened bacterial sensitivity to the applied biocidal agents. The proposed environmentally friendly compositions can be used to create new plant protection products, contributing to a reduction in the chemical load on the environment and minimizing the risk of developing biocide- resistant forms of phytopathogens.
Determining the effectiveness of covering conifer seedlings in spring
Authors: Kiseleva Elena , Rachenko Maxim , Rachenko Anna
Published: February 2025

Forests play a key role in regulating water balance, they prevent shallowing of rivers, removal of small particles of soil and sand into rivers, and soil erosion. The region is mainly inhabited by the following coniferous trees: Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sylvestris L., Larix sibirica LEDEB., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, и Abies sibirica LEDEB. Concerning reforestation, the Irkutsk region is one of the leaders in the country. Research in the field of reforestation is relevant and important for the region. The given research examined various time frames and methods for obtaining high-quality planting material by seed propagation. Seeds of coniferous trees were collected from September to March (depending on the type of plants). Sowing was carried out under artificial climate conditions and in open ground, both in autumn (under the snow) and in spring. To prevent soil drying out, several methods of covering seeds in spring were examined (tunnels and coulisse planting were used). As the result of the research, the optimal for the region time frames and methods for sowing conifer seeds were determined.
Recipe development for new confectionery products with the addition of pea flower
Authors: Ivanova Galina , Kolman Olga , Glotova Marina , Nikulina Ekaterina , Evtukhova Olga
Published: February 2025

As a result of the conducted research, a recipe for the “Pea” cake with the addition of pea flour was developed. Optimal modes for the production of the “Pea” cake with the addition of pea flour were determined, which allow obtaining new flour confectionery products with improved organoleptic and consumer properties. The optimal content of pea flour in the recipe is 18% of the total mass of wheat flour provided by the traditional recipe. Organoleptic, physicochemical and consumer quality indicators of the developed “Pea” cake were studied. The “Pea” cake, compared to the control sample, contains more proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins B1 and PP, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium). It was revealed that the introduction of pea flour into the composition of the cakes allows them to be positioned as products with increased nutritional value. These flour confectionery products can be recommended for expanding the range of flour products for the nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation.
A new approach to studying professionally important qualities of operator-manipulators based on machine learning
Authors: Petukhov Igor , Steshina Luydmila , Tanryverdiev Ilya , Kurasov Pavel , Steshin Ilya
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a new approach to the evaluation of an operator-manipulator’s readiness for their labour activity. This approach is based on an unsupervised machine learning method, namely on clustering. The unsupervised machine learning methods can entirely exclude subjective factors from the evaluation cycle of an operator’s readiness for their labour activity and accordingly improve the performance of training hardware and software complexes for training operator-manipulators.
Neural network technologies for identifying and ranking monitoring indicator values in agricultural universities
Authors: Kartsan Igor , Zhukov Aleksandr , Gedzyun Victor , Ozhiganova Marina
Published: February 2025

The topic under consideration, text classification using neural network technologies has significant potential in various industries, including universities of agriculture. Monitoring of key indicators is extremely important, but performing it manually with the involvement of experts can be costly and time-consuming compared to using neural network technologies for text processing. We analyzed natural language document classification and processing algorithms that are widely used in the development of voice assistants, chatbots, and smart home devices. The analysis of existing techniques for classifying natural language texts based on their content allowed us to identify the most effective methods for processing documents with complex and general problem formulation.
Valuation of plantations to stabilize livelihoods for highlands of Kon Ha Nung, Gia Lai province based on remote sensing and GIS technology
Authors: Huu Viet Nguyen Hieu , Ngoc Nguyen Thach , Van Pham Manh , Thi Dang Ngoc , Cao Nguyen Tung , Anh Le Hung , Ba Dinh Duy , Trung Ngo Dung
Published: February 2025

In Vietnam, forests provide many economic benefits, contributing to stabilizing livelihoods for people living in mountainous areas. Forest pricing policies provide excellent opportunities for the forestry industry to help society and stakeholders correctly and sufficiently identify the value of forests. This study employed a combination of Sentinel-2 multispectral optical remote sensing technology and field surveys to value the forests in the Kon Ha Nung Plateau area. The results yielded a high- accuracy map of the current forest status in the study area, with an overall accuracy of 86.11% and a kappa of 0.849, which served as the basis for determining the planted forest area. This map encompassed 3,692.4 hectares and featured 11 forest tree species, planted in two main forms: single species and combined. We selected a pilot to assess the value of plantations for two major tree species in the area: Acacia and Eucalyptus. In conjunction with local forestry development policy frameworks, the results of field surveys help determine the economic sources of forests through the payment of forest environmental services and forest protection assignments. The research results can aid in evaluating the effectiveness of activities related to local forest management policies and stabilizing livelihoods for local people.
Model of skin deformation curve
Authors: Annaev Nuriddin , Saliyev Abdumajit , Rasulev Akmal , Nazarov Odil
Published: February 2025

A mathematical model of the deformation curve of a leather semi-finished product after dyeing and fat-liquoring operations was obtained. The model establishes a relationship between compressive stress, relative deformation, and relative humidity. The study found that leather experiences the greatest compression deformation almost immediately upon the application of a load. It was observed that as the compressive load increases, so does the deformation of the leather, with the limit value being dependent on the moisture content. It was also discovered that lower moisture content in leather results in lower deformation.
Study of colorimetric properties of kraft papers
Authors: Eshbaeva Ulbosin , Baltabaeva Barno , Zengin Gokhan , Candas Arife
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the production of kraft paper incorporating waste materials from the silk industry and secondary recycled paper (MS- 3A), along with fillers and adhesives, as a means of conserving valuable cotton cellulose. The production process utilized waste from the Margilan “IPAKCHI” joint-stock company’s silk reeling operations. The preparation of the paper samples followed an approved technological regulation and was carried out in the testing laboratory of the “Global Komsco Daewoo” joint venture. The resulting new composite kraft papers were investigated for their colorimetric properties. The standardized indicators for these kraft papers allow for a comprehensive assessment of their behavior during the printing process, and therefore, it is recommended to use them for printing multi- color packaging products.
Territorial planning of the Grayvoronsky urban district
Authors: Dvoryashina Tatiana , Sokolova Viktoriia , Zagidullin Ramil , Yakushev Adel , Garipova Guzel
Published: February 2025

This article examines the theoretical principles of territorial planning and explores the legal framework governing this process. In analyzing the rationale for the master plan, the current state of the settlement was assessed, areas for potential expansion of settlement boundaries were identified, and the functional zoning of these territories was reviewed. Various approaches to regulating territorial planning, including administrative, socio-economic, urban planning, and legal methods, were analyzed using the Grayvoronsky urban district as a case study. The justification for the proposed locations of local facilities, as outlined in plans and programs for comprehensive socio-economic development, was carried out through the several key stages including assessing the current state and utilization of the territory, identifying potential development directions, and establishing projected limitations on land use.
Development of agricultural scientific potential to ensure the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan: Gender aspect
Authors: Kangalakova Dana , Satpayeva Zaira , Kangalakov Kanat , Battalov Nazym
Published: February 2025

In the context of climate change and growing environmental challenges, agriculture requires introducing innovative technologies to increase production efficiency and conserve natural resources. The main engine for creating innovative technologies is the scientific personnel in the agricultural sector. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the potential of scientific personnel in agricultural science and its gender characteristics and develop practical recommendations that will contribute to scientific research and implementation effectiveness. The results of the study show that the level of scientific human resources in the agricultural sector has a moderate development trend. However, from a gender perspective, it was revealed that female researchers have hidden potential and can contribute to activating scientific potential and diversifying research and development in this sector. The article recommends the modernization of the educational program to train future scientists, which focuses on internships as the key to a rapid exchange of knowledge in the agricultural sector.
Experimental studies of temperature-dynamic properties of peat soils in agricultural lands
Authors: Evgrafov Alexey , Guzalov Artyombek , Moskvichev Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Peat fires occur when groundwater levels significantly decrease, precipitation is low, and air temperatures are high. Peat is prone to spontaneous combustion at temperatures above +35°C to +40°C. Self- ignition occurs due to exothermic oxidation processes that lead to self- heating of the material. A mathematical description of the self-ignition process is provided, which follows this scheme: a heat flux heats the surface to the ignition temperature, resulting in a self-heating zone that forms a smoldering wave capable of propagating independently. To conduct experimental studies on the fire hazard of selected peat samples, a method for experimentally determining thermal self-ignition conditions was applied. According to this method, the test material is loaded into a cylindrical container with thermocouples placed inside to record the temperature of the surface and center of the sample, where a smoldering or burning source occurs. The results of experimental studies on the possibility of fires occurring in peat soil depending on its physicochemical characteristics are presented.
Distribution of soil moisture on slopes of an agroforestry landscape complex
Authors: Tarasov Anatoly , Podlesnykh Igor , Tarasov Sergey , Kaluzhskih Alexander
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of a soil-protective agroforestry landscape complex on soil moisture distribution across different topographical positions. Experimental data collected from 2020 to 2024 were analyzed to compare moisture reserves in the top meter of soil on a watershed plateau and along the middle and lower sections of a west-facing slope. Two watersheds were examined: a control site without erosion control measures and an experimental site featuring runoff-regulating forest belts. The research was conducted on typical heavy loamy chernozem soil. Results revealed that in the control watershed, lacking forest belts, maximum moisture reserves consistently accumulated at the slope’s base due to subsurface lateral flow. In contrast, the watershed with the agroforestry complex exhibited a more uniform moisture distribution across topographical elements, with significantly reduced downslope water movement. This enhanced moisture retention is attributed to the forest belts’ ability to mitigate subsurface lateral flow towards the slope’s foot. These findings underscore the effectiveness of agroforestry systems in regulating soil moisture distribution, potentially improving water resource management and erosion control in agricultural landscapes.
Risks of failing to achieve white sugar color standards
Authors: Egorova Marina , Belyaeva Luybov , Puzanova Luybov , Mikhaleva Irina , Belyaev Alexey
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to assess the risks of deviations in the quality of white sugar of Extra and TS2 categories based on the color standard of the solution in the technological production process. Risk identification was carried out using the expert evaluation method by a group of five experts. The risk priority rank was calculated as the product of the significance of consequences, the probability of occurrence, and the probability of failure detection, each determined on a 10-point scale. In the technological processes for producing white sugar of Extra and TS2 categories, six similar stages were identified where the state of the food system could potentially contribute to an increase in the content of coloring substances in intermediates, leading to their inclusion in sugar crystals. The difference between these stages lies in their focus on achieving different sugar color standards. A total of 27 risk factors for failing to meet the white sugar solution color standard were identified. The main causes of high risk include elevated levels of α-amino nitrogen in sugar beets, the transition of insoluble pectin substances into a soluble form during sucrose extraction, and insufficient supply of sulfites into the food system.
Experimental studies on the effect of electric field on ammonium nitrogen compounds in livestock wastewater
Authors: Evgrafov Alexey , Filimonov Dmitry , Perevozchikova Natalia
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effects of electric fields on the concentration changes of ammonium forms of nitrogen in aqueous solutions, hereafter referred to as electrolytes, which are wastewater from livestock complexes, considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. The aim of the laboratory experimental research was to study the impact of electric fields on the concentration changes of ammonium nitrogen compounds in aqueous solutions (electrolytes), for the further development of technical means to reduce their concentration and improve the environmental safety of wastewater disposal from livestock complexes on agricultural crop fields. Existing wastewater treatment methods are divided into two groups: the first is a regenerative group, which involves extracting mineral substances from wastewater and reusing them. The results of the experimental studies are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the destructive group to ensure environmental safety and enhance the quality of crop production when using livestock effluents on agricultural fields.
The role of renewable energy integration in enhancing the sustainability of rural infrastructure: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Rushchitskaya Olga , Kulikova Elena , Kruzhkova Tatyana , Batrakova Svetlana , Rushchitskaya Olga
Published: February 2025

Urban areas are increasingly becoming the focal points of economic, social, and environmental challenges, particularly in the context of rapid population growth and climate change. This paper explores the role of renewable energy integration in enhancing the sustainability of urban infrastructure, focusing on the potential of solar, wind, and bioenergy systems. The study examines the current state of renewable energy adoption in urban environments, identifying key drivers, barriers, and technological advancements. By analyzing case studies from various cities worldwide, the paper highlights best practices and innovative approaches to integrating renewable energy into urban systems. The findings suggest that while renewable energy offers significant benefits for urban sustainability, successful implementation requires addressing challenges related to policy frameworks, infrastructure compatibility, and public acceptance. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and industry stakeholders on promoting the widespread adoption of renewable energy in cities to support sustainable development goals.
Operating modes of the fuel oil circulation heating system when using water vapor or hot water
Authors: Petrushchenkov V.A.
Published: February 2025

Circulating heating of fuel oil in railway tanks is carried out, as a rule, with the help of saturated water vapor due to the preparation of a heating stream of fuel oil with a temperature of about 90°C. At the same time, a stream of hot water is also used as a heating coolant. Of interest are the operating characteristics of the fuel oil heater as part of such an installation, depending on the type of heating agent, the temperature of the heated fuel oil, and the steam pressure. The behavior of the existing system of circulating heating of fuel oil of the M100 brand while maintaining the fuel oil flow heater in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is considered. The basic parameters of the heat exchanger are determined at a saturated water vapor pressure of 1.7 bar, fuel oil temperatures of 40°C at the inlet, 90°C at the outlet. The change of all system parameters while maintaining the initial temperature of fuel oil depending on the amount of its heating is investigated: the heat transfer of fuel oil and steam, their costs, the heat capacity of the heater. The influence of steam pressure on all these parameters has been studied. Changes in the system were determined when water vapor was replaced by a heating water flow with a temperature of 115°C. The calculation method is based on the joint solution of the system of conservation equations, taking into account the criterion equations for the heat transfer of fuel oil in laminar flow and water in turbulent flow, the dependence of the thermophysical properties on the temperature of the flows. The system of equations does not use the approximations used earlier. It is shown that by changing the temperature of the heated fuel oil to 70°C, it is possible to increase the power of the heating oil system to 82% at a steam pressure of 1.7 bar, to 212% when the steam pressure increases to 3 bar, to 21% when replacing steam with hot water with an initial temperature of 115°C, the final temperature of 100°C.
Converting osmotic energy into electrical energy in the cycle, based on charged droplets growth and coalescence
Authors: Vassel Sergei , Vassel Natalia
Published: February 2025

Low-grade heat with temperature difference 20-80 C is one of perspective sources of renewable energy. It may be as natural temperature difference (for example, vertical temperature gradient of the ocean or temperature difference between the air and the water), geothermal or waste heat. The way of converting low-grade heat into electrical energy based on solution distilling in a temperature gradient (in fact, converting heat energy into osmotic energy) and further electricity generation in a concentration galvanic cell has attracted much attention lately. The process of concentration galvanic cell activity is very slow, so we developed a concept and made calculations for the process of electricity generation based on coalescence of charged droplets. This process could be divided into two stages: charged drops growth (osmotic energy converts into surface energy) and charged droplets coalescence (surface energy converts into electrical energy). This process appeared to be not so effective as electricity generation in a concentration galvanic cell. However, it is a more rapid process. Besides, it is possible to use any solution, including non-electrolyte solutions.
Analysis of production costs and value of flue gas and carbon dioxide capture processes from enterprises and facilities of the energy complex as main sources of CO2 for implementation of water-gas methods of EOR
Authors: Klimov Dmitry , Drozdov Alexander
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the production costs of flue and carbon dioxide gas capture from enterprises and facilities of the energy complex as the main source of raw materials for the application of gas methods of enhanced oil recovery. The article discusses the advantages of using carbon dioxide as part of the global story of reducing the carbon footprint of industrial enterprises. The article also addresses the issues of evaluating the economic viability of CO2 capture technologies, considering cost, energy consumption and various factors affecting process costs. In addition, an economic indicator of technological efficiency such as the estimation of CO2 avoidance costs in various industries in need of decarbonisation measures is discussed. The importance of standardisation and methodology for estimating decarbonisation costs is highlighted, as well as the need to account for uncertainties in techno-economic indicators for an in-depth analysis of different technologies and their impact on production processes.
Development of wind energy and solar energy
Authors: Turduev I. , Abdiraeva N. , Mamatova V. , Aitbai kyzy A.
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the development history of alternative energy sources and how they are organized. It also explores the factors preventing their widespread adoption in production, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using non-conventional renewable energy sources. Solar energy has been powering wind, water, ocean heat, biomass, and the formation of peat, lignite, coal, oil, and natural gas for thousands of years, but it is stored indirectly over long periods. We can also utilize solar energy as a source of electricity and heat. To achieve this, we need to develop devices that concentrate solar energy in small areas and amounts.
The price of electricity from conventional sources and the share of renewable energy: A cross-country empirical assessment
Authors: Sirajiddinov Nishanbay , Kushbakova Surayyo
Published: February 2025

This paper empirically assesses the effect of the price of electricity from conventional sources on share of renewable energy, using data 153 nations, in 2021, taking into consideration various control variables as documented in related studies. The results provide a strong evidence for the claim that electricity price from conventional sources is positively correlated with the share of renewable energy, and 1 percent increase in the price of electricity form conventional sources will boost the share of renewable energy (RE) consumption by 0,5 percent. In addition, the control variables indicate a positive relation to the share of (RE) as well. Even after controlling for an alternative set of control variables such as the rule of the law, GDP per capita, investment freedom, population growth, and our results remain statistically significant. These research findings offer valuable policy implications for governments, decision makers and academic scholars.
Prediction by artificial neural networks analysis of emergency situations at wind farms
Authors: Al-Haidari Zaid Salah , Al-Yaqoubi Diaa Abdel Karim Fakher , Osintsev Konstantin
Published: February 2025

In this study, the Siemens wind turbine was analyzed according to technical specifications using artificial neural networks, and the possible forecasts of the wind turbine going out of service for maintenance due to mechanical and electrical faults, control systems, and other faults such as disconnection from the electrical network were studied and the role of preventive maintenance based on this forecast is explained. From energy losses due to the turbine being out of operation for maintenance
Artificial intelligence in marketing to promote renewable energy
Authors: Al-Ababneh Hassan Ali , Alkhudierat Noor Ahmad , Al-Shaikh Mustafa S. , Zawaideh Farah Hanna , Alhosban Amal , Mugableh Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of marketing strategies, providing innovative approaches to promote various products and services. In particular, AI is a powerful tool for promoting renewable energy, which helps accelerate the transition to a sustainable energy future. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of AI in renewable energy marketing, analyze its application in raising consumer awareness and stimulating their interest in clean energy. The article discusses methods of using AI, such as big data analysis, machine learning, artificial neural networks and consumer needs forecasting, to create personalized advertising strategies and optimize communication channels. It also analyzes the impact of AI on the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and reducing promotion costs. The study proposes a model for implementing AI in the marketing activities of renewable energy companies, which includes content optimization and interaction with consumers. Particular attention is paid to the benefits that AI brings to marketing: improving forecast accuracy, increasing customer loyalty and creating innovative advertising solutions. The main findings of the study highlight the importance and conceptual necessity of using artificial intelligence to stimulate the growth and popularization of sustainable energy technologies at the global level.
Assessment of the efficiency of the use of seismic isolation by an engineer in seismic protection of buildings and structures
Authors: Makhmudov Said , Askarova Mukhlisa , Xasanov Davlatbek , Valijonova Shaxnoza , Yeshbayeva Farida , Askarov Xasanjon
Published: February 2025

In many scientific research works, academician L. V. In the form proposed by Kantorovich, based on the mathematical theory of seismic risk, approaches to the application of seismic isolation for public buildings and the evaluation of its effectiveness are proposed. Costs for anti-seismic strengthening and repair work after various strong earthquakes during the life of the building were taken as efficiency criteria. The payment matrix for damage assessment was adopted for non-dense (neskalnyx) plots in relation to model series buildings. Seismic strengthening assessments were conducted for the same buildings. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out both taking into account only economic losses and also taking into account social losses. Within the framework of the regulatory legal framework, all possible options for the manifestation of seismic risk at the construction site were analyzed.
Integrated approach to estimation of nitrogen use efficiency in intensive dairy husbandry at farm level in the North-West Russia
Authors: Briukhanov Aleksandr , Vasilev Eduard , Kozlova Natalia , Shalavina Ekaterina
Published: February 2025

CONTEXT: Nitrogen is a crucial component of harvested crop proteins. It feeds animals and eventually enters human diets through the food chain. However, some nitrogen is lost on its way, leading to environmental issues like pollution and over-enrichment of water bodies with nutrients. In recent years, introduction of concentrated feeds in intensive livestock farming increased reliance on off-farm resources and decoupled livestock from crop farming. “Nitrogen use efficiency” (NUE) has become an essential indicator to estimate how well nitrogen is used on farms. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the prospects of NUE as a tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of dairy farming and finding ways to mitigate their effect at farm level in the Leningrad Region. METHODS: The study focused on a typical mixed-type dairy farm. The study used NUE, nitrogen loss (N loss), and nitrogen surplus (N surplus) as indicators to measure the environmental impact of farming. These were calculated from the nitrogen flow balance at the system’s input and output. The study looked at four main production sectors providing inputs and outputs of balances for NUE calculation to assess their contribution to nitrogen loss and to investigate measures to reduce nitrogen emissions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study tracked changes in NUE, N surplus, and nitrogen input and output components in the farm-gate balance from 2018 to 2021 to understand the factors influencing NUE. For example, in 2019, a rise in NUE Farm-gate balance to 32% was linked to a significant drop in application of mineral fertilizers. Meanwhile, NUE Field was 110% and N surplus Field was –7 kg N/ha/year, suggesting a risk of soil depletion. At the same time, N surplus at farm level in 2019 was 61.42 kg N/ha/year. The highest values recorded during the study period were in 2021, with NUE of 36% and N surplus of 66.16 kg N/ha/year, achieved with the lowest purchased feeds and the highest milk yields per cow. These results show that evaluating NUE only at farm level does not give a complete picture of all farm production sectors. SIGNIFICANCE: NUE is a useful, comprehensive indicator for monitoring and evaluating environmental factors, and managing dairy operations. Improving NUE requires consideration of all production sectors on mixed-type dairy farms and implementation of spatial planning for reconnecting crop and livestock sectors. The farm ought to be regarded as an self-sustained and interconnected system.
The effect of local minerals on the productivity of meat chickens
Authors: Daurenbekov Khanibek , Zhilkibaev Aset , Asylbekov Bauyrzhan , Fayzullayeva Lazzat , Iskakova Aksaule
Published: February 2025

Among the mineral feeds, the most popular is the snail shell, because the progenitors of this mineral feed were living organisms. The level of digestion in the bird's body is much higher than in other mineral substances. One of the most fundamental factors of all experiments is the economic efficiency of the experiments done. Therefore, we calculated the effectiveness of feed lime given to broiler chickens with zootechnical indicators and put them in the fifth table. Therefore, the search for mineral feed sources, the determination of their composition parts, the determination of the presence of additives that can harm poultry, and if everything is correct, the use of new sources of mineral feed in production is one of the most relevant and urgent issues today.
Analysis of diagnostic studies and the epizootic situation of brucellosis of animals in the Turkestan region
Authors: Zhanbyrbaev Mukhtar , Kuzerbaeva Aissulu , Kurbanova Kunsulu , Oserbay Askar , Shamgalieva Aknur
Published: February 2025

One of the factors hindering the growth and development of the country’s livestock industry is infectious diseases, among which brucellosis occupies a special place. In this regard, this article presents the results of monitoring the epizootic situation of brucellosis of animals in the Turkestan region, the results of bacteriological and serological laboratory studies of brucella isolates isolated from farm animals, as well as data from the production test of the killed vaccine against brucellosis of animals. Antiepizootic measures for brucellosis infection are reduced to the protection of brucellosis-friendly farms and the rehabilitation of disadvantaged ones and are carried out through a comprehensive simultaneous impact on all links of the epizootic chain. This work is complicated by the susceptibility to brucellosis of many animal species, the presence of a large number of transmission factors of the pathogen, as well as the variability of brucella. The importance of carrying out control measures aimed at preventing the spread of brucellosis among healthy animals through the use of modern drugs is emphasized. In addition, the article presents the results of accumulation and extinction of titers of agglutinins and complement-binding substances in the blood serum of cattle and small cattle immunized with inanimate vaccine. Monitoring of the epizootic situation with infectious diseases is based on a deep understanding of epizootic patterns, features of the clinical course of the disease, biological properties of the pathogen, as well as social and natural factors contributing to the manifestation of the epizootic process. It allows you to identify the causes and epizootic consequences of these changes and makes it possible to carry out a complex of antiepizootic measures in a timely manner.
Assessment of the quality of groundwater in the Kazygurt region for use in the agricultural sector
Authors: Azimov Abdugani , Iztleuov Gani. , Sataev Marat , Kamshybaev Ahmedali , Duissebayev Shyngys , Aimenov Zhambul , Ashirbayev Zhandos
Published: February 2025

This FAO summary report also provides estimates of the physical scarcity of freshwater at the global level, where in Central Asia the water deficit is 70 per cent, which may be clearly linked to the effects of climate change and the increase in irrigated land. This article examines the quality of groundwater in the Kazygurt region for agricultural use. The Hygienic Water Classification of the CMC by degree of pollution was determined according to SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96: Moderate Pollution Degree; Pollution Index - 1. The degree of water pollution was determined depending on the values of complex indicators: organoleptic - 1.2; sanitary regime - 1.8; sanitary toxicological - 1.2; epidemiological - 0.5; the overall level of pollution is moderate. The dependence of the position of the watershed on the water flow and the length of the sanitary-protective zone on the time of the promotion of pollution to water wells has been determined, taking into account the slope of natural flow and the porosity of aquifers. As a result of calculations the following recommendations can be made: the position of the watershed point -57 m, the length of the sanitary protection zone - 34 m.
Assessment of the quality of study of sorghum sowing rates in the south of Kazakhstan
Authors: Murzabaev Bolat , Kantureyeva Gulzhan , Batyr Eleonora , Turebayeva Sagadat , Issayeva Saida
Published: February 2025

Sudan Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor x.) is one of the most widespread and important cereal crops in the world, playing an important role in the food, technical and economic sector. The sowing of sorghum was conducted in experimental plots. The Turkestan district, in collaboration with the Turkestan State Variety Testing Station (SVTS), and the Tolebi district conducted a study of sorghum as a leading fodder crop. The agronomic techniques employed in the field experiments are generally in accordance with the recommendations for farming systems in the South Kazakhstan region, with the exception of the methods of cultivation that were the subject of the study. The experiment was conducted in four replicates on three different sowing dates. The sowing process comprises a series of obligatory stages. The simultaneous application of diammonium phosphate and the planting of the seed is a requisite step. It is imperative that the 2,4-D herbicide is applied immediately following the sowing process, specifically when the sorghum plant has developed between three and six leaves. The most optimal results in the cultivation of the crop are achieved through the implementation of deep winter ploughing of the plot.