bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferulic acid and derivatives: molecules with potential application in the pharmaceutical field
Authors: Paiva Lívia Brenelli de , Goldbeck Rosana , Santos Wanderley Dantas dos , Squina Fabio Marcio
Published: November 2013

Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It presents a wide range of potential therapeutic effects useful in the treatments of cancer, diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, as well as hepatic, neuro and photoprotective effects and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, the pharmaceutical potential of ferulic acid can be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals. However, recent studies have revealed that ferulic acid presents pharmacological properties beyond those related to its antioxidant activity, such as the ability to competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and activate glucokinase, contributing to reduce hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. The present review addresses ferulic acid dietary sources, the pharmacokinetic profile, antioxidant action mechanisms and therapeutic effects in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, in order to provide a basis for understanding its mechanisms of action as well as its pharmaceutical potential.
Best herbs for managing diabetes: a review of clinical studies
Authors: Ghorbani Ahmad
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem which leads to serious complications over time. Experimentally, many herbs have been recommended for treating diabetes. In most cases, however, the recommendations are based on animal studies and limited pieces of evidence exist about their clinical usefulness. This review focused on the herbs, the hypoglycemic actions of which have been supported by three or more clinical studies. The search was done in Google Scholar, Medline and Science Direct databases using the key terms diabetes, plants, herbs, glucose and patients. According to the clinical studies, Aegle marmelos, Allium cepa, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Nigella sativa, Ocimum sanctum, Panax quinquefolius, Salacia reticulate, Silybum marianum and Trigonella foenum-graecum have shown hypoglycemic and, in some cases, hypolipidemic activities in diabetic patients. Among them, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Silybum marianum and Trigonella foenum-graecum have acquired enough reputation for managing diabetes. Thus, it seems that physicians can rely on these herbs and advise for the patients to improve management of diabetes.
Basic considerations in the dermatokinetics of topical formulations
Authors: Nair Anroop , Jacob Shery , Al-Dhubiab Bandar , Attimarad Mahesh , Harsha Sree
Published: November 2013

Assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules at the site of action provides better insight into the efficiency of a dosage form. However, determining drug concentration in the skin layers following topical application of dermatological formulations is a great challenge. The protocols followed in oral formulations could not be applied for topical dosage forms. The regulatory agencies are considering several possible approaches such as tape stripping, microdialysis etc. On the other hand, the skin bioavailability assessment of xenobiotics is equally important for topical formulations in order to evaluate the toxicity. It is always possible that drug molecules applied on the skin surface may transport thorough the skin and reaches systemic circulation. Thus the real time measurement of molecules in the skin layer has become obligatory. In the last two decades, quite a few investigations have been carried out to assess the skin bioavailability and toxicity of topical/dermatological products. This review provides current understanding on the basics of dermatokinetics, drug depot formation, skin metabolism and clearance of drug molecules from the skin layers following application of topical formulations.
Pharmacokinetic study of isoquercitrin in rat plasma after intravenous administration at three different doses
Authors: Xue Hefei , Li Yuzhong , Zhang Wenjie , Lu Dongrui , Chen Yinghui , Yin Jingjing , Meng Yihan , Ying Xixiang , Kang Tingguo
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a simple and specific HPLC method using vitexin as the internal standard to investigate the pharmacokinetics of isoquercitrin (ISOQ) after three different doses administrated intravenously to rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by both compartmental and non-compartmental approaches. The results showed that ISOQ fitted a three-compartment open model. The values of AUC increased proportionally within the range of 5-10 mg·kg-1. Moreover, a half-life, b half-life, ªCL, MRT0-t and MRT0→∞ of ISOQ in rats showed significant differences between 20 mg·kg-1 and other doses, indicating that ISOQ presented dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in the range of 5-10 mg·kg-1 and non-linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses.
Pharmacoepidemiological profile and polypharmacy indicators in elderly outpatients
Authors: Baldoni André de Oliveira , Ayres Lorena Rocha , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , Dewulf Nathalie de Lourdes Sousa , Santos Vânia dos , Obreli-Neto Paulo Roque , Pereira Leonardo Régis Leira
Published: November 2013

This cross-sectional study was carried out with 1000 elderly outpatients assisted by a Basic Health District Unit (UBDS) from the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto. We analyzed the clinical, socioeconomic and pharmacoepidemiological profile of the elderly patients in order to identify factors associated with polypharmacy amongst this population. We used a truncated negative binomial model to examine the association of polypharmacy with the independent variables of the study. The software SAS was used for the statistical analysis and the significance level adopted was 0.05. The most prevalent drugs were those for the cardiovascular system (83.4%). There was a mean use of seven drugs per patient and 47.9% of the interviewees used >7 drugs. The variables that showed association with polypharmacy (P value < 0.01) were female gender, age >75 years, self-medication, number of health problems, number of medical appointments, presence of adverse drug events, use of over-the-counter drugs, use of psychotropic drugs, lack of physical exercise and use of sweeteners. The exposition to all these factors justified the high prevalence of polypharmacy amongst the interviewees. These results showed the need to adopt clinical intervention and educational and managerial measures to analyze and promote rationality in the use of drugs amongst the elderly users of SUS.
Consumption of medicines in high-risk pregnancy: evaluation of determinants related to the use of prescription drugs and self-medication
Authors: Araújo Danielle Dayse , Leal Marineide Marinho , Santos Eliane Jucielly Vasconcelos , Leal Leila Bastos
Published: November 2013

The use of drugs during pregnancy still represents a challenge for medicine, since the majority of drugs cross the placental barrier with a potential to cause several congenital problems to the fetus, and most of them have not been clinically tested in pregnant patients. At the same time, the medicalization phenomenon, self-medication, and lack of patient information about the misuse of medicines are additional problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of medicine consumption in high-risk pregnancies and the determinants related to this consumption pattern. In order to do so, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with puerperal women who had a history of high-risk pregnancy. Statistically significant associations were found between self-medication and fewer prenatal visits, and cigarette use during pregnancy and a higher number of children. According to these data, the vulnerability of this population to the risks of drug use is evident, demonstrating a gap that requires urgent interventions in health-care education.
Insulin analogues versus human insulin in type 1 diabetes: direct and indirect meta-analyses of efficacy and safety
Authors: Sanches Andréia Cristina Conegero , Correr Cassyano Januário , Venson Rafael , Gonçalves Patrícia Rodrigues , Garcia Mariana Martins , Piantavini Mário Sérgio , Pontarolo Roberto
Published: November 2013

All patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) receive insulin therapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of human insulin and insulin analogues. We performed a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. In the absence of clinical studies comparing insulins, we performed a mixed treatment comparison to establish the differences between the active treatments. We included studies published from 1995 to 2010. HbA1c results, episodes of hypoglycemia and nocturnal hypoglycemia data were extracted and analyzed. Thirty-five randomized clinical trials were selected after examining the abstract and a full text review. These studies included 4,206 patients who received long-acting insulin analogues and 5,733 patients who received short-acting insulin analogues. Pooled data regarding efficacy indicated no significant differences in HbA1c values between glargine or detemir (once daily) and NPH insulin. However, a twice-daily dose of detemir produced differences in HbA1c values that favored detemir (-0.14% [95% CI: -0.21 to -0.08]; p<0.0001; I²=0%). Direct and indirect comparisons are consistent and show that there were no significant differences between human insulin and insulin analogues in efficacy or safety. Our results indicate that long- and short-acting insulin analogues offer few clinical advantages over conventional human insulin.
Quality parameters of some Brazilian panettones
Authors: Valcárcel-Yamani Beatriz , Lannes Suzana Caetano da Silva
Published: November 2013

In panettone, physical and chemical properties can determine the quality attributes in addition to consumer acceptability. The aim of this work was to assess the quality attributes of nine commercial samples of Brazilian panettone. Samples were characterized according to their physicochemical (moisture and color) aspects, quality attributes (specific volume, density and texture) and image analysis. The results of the statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey) showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the samples. Differences were observed in the specific volume and density. Samples showed moisture values between 22.83% and 26.86%. The texture analysis showed greater variation in values of crumb firmness (from 2.14 N to 7.55 N). Significant differences in crust (L* values between 31.58 and 44.85, a* between 12.34 and 16.47 and b* between 27.15 and 37.28) and crumb (L* values between 64.48 and 72.34, a* between -0.82 and 3.79 and b* between 33.43 and 40.97) color parameters were found for all samples. Through the image analysis, variability in the crumb structure was observed; however, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences between samples.
Simultaneous determination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in oral contraceptive by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Silva Viviane Benevenuti , Galdos Angel Arturo Gaona , Mothe Cintia Maria Alves , Pallastrelli Michele Bacchi , Prado Maria Segunda Aurora , Singh Anil Kumar , Kedor-Hackmann Erika Rosa Maria , Santoro Maria Inês Rocha Miritello
Published: November 2013

A simple, rapid, economical and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and successfully applied in simultaneous determination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in coated tablets. The HPLC method was performed on a LiChroCART® 100RP column (125x4 mm i.d., 5 µm) with acetonitrile:water 50:50 (v/v) as mobile phase, pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1. The fluorescence detection for ethinyl estradiol was made at λex= 280 nm and λem= 310 nm and a UV detection for drospirenone was made at 200 nm. The elution time for ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone were 4.0 and 5.7 min, respectively. The method was validated in accordance to USP 34 guidelines. The proposed HPLC method presented advantages over reported methods and is suitable for quality control assays of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in coated tablets.
Development of enteric coated sustained release minitablets containing mesalamine
Authors: Souza Dayse Fernanda de , Goebel Karin , Andreazza Itamar Francisco
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a multiparticulate modified release system, composed of minitablets with a sustained release matrix system coated with a pH-dependent release polymer, using mesalamine as a model drug. Polyox® WSR 1105 was the polymer used in the matrix system and Eudragit® L30D55 was used as a pH-dependent polymer. The minitablets (with 20%, 30% or 40% Polyox® concentration) were prepared by dry granulation, which led to good quality minitablets. The developed minitablets were coated in a fluidized bed at 8% of the coating level. Dissolution studies were performed in media that simulated the gastrointestinal tract (pH 1.4, 6.0 and 7.2) and showed that formulations with higher Polyox® concentrations were capable of retaining the drug release in pH 1.4. All formulations prolonged the drug release and presented zero-order kinetic behaviour. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model demonstrated that formulations with 20% or 30% of polymer exhibited anomalous transport behaviour, whilst the 40% sample exhibited super case II model transportation. Dissolution efficiency showed that only the formulations containing 20% and 40% polymer could be considered statistically different.
Production and characterization of alginate-starch-chitosan microparticles containing stigmasterol through the external ionic gelation technique
Authors: Fujiwara Gislene Mari , Campos Ranieri , Costa Camila Klocker , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Marques Francisco de Assis , Zanin Sandra Maria Warumby
Published: November 2013

Stigmasterol - a plant sterol with several pharmacological activities - is susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air, a process enhanced by heat and humidity. In this context, microencapsulation is a way of preventing oxidation, allowing stigmasterol to be incorporated into various pharmaceutical forms while increasing its absorption. Microparticles were obtained using a blend of polymers of sodium alginate, starch and chitosan as the coating material through a one-stage process using the external gelation technique. Resultant microparticles were spherical, averaging 1.4 mm in size. Encapsulation efficiency was 90.42% and method yield 94.87%. The amount of stigmasterol in the oil recovered from microparticles was 9.97 mg/g. This technique proved feasible for the microencapsulation of stigmasterol.
Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Fabaceae) proanthocyanidins quantitation by RP-HPLC
Authors: Nascimento André Márcio do , Guedes Priscila Tavares , Castilho Rachel Oliveira , Vianna-Soares Cristina Duarte
Published: November 2013

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão) is a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family, and it is commonly found in the southeastern Brazilian cerrado. The stem bark of this tree is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent to treat leucorrhea and diarrhea, as well as to promote wound healing (owing to the presence of proanthocyanidins). Proanthocyanidins were obtained from the ethanolic extract of S. adstringens stem bark and assessed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet/diode array detector. The identified compounds included gallic acid, catechin, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The selected markers, GC and EGCG, were simultaneously used for chromatographic validation (linearity range: 30-330 ng, equivalent to 3-33 µg/mL; r>0.998). The method showed precision (intra-day relative standard deviation [RSD]: 1.72% for GC; 1.16% for EGCG; inter-day RSD: 1.74%-2.60% for both markers), accuracy, robustness, and selectivity. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.29 µg/ml and 0.89 µg/ml for GC, and 0.88 µg/mL and 2.67 µg/mL for EGCG, respectively. In addition, S. obovatum was evaluated and showed an average of 12.2 µg/mL for GC (equivalent to 1.22% w/w) and 14.2 µg/mL for EGCG (equivalent to 1.42% w/w) in the ethanolic extract. The quantitative results were compared to those obtained for S. adstringens, which showed that the markers are present in both species.
Isolation of flavonoids from Anemopaegma arvense (Vell) Stellf. ex de Souza and their antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Costanzo Camila Di Giovane , Fernandes Vanessa Colnaghi , Zingaretti Sônia , Beleboni Rene Oliveira , Pereira Ana Maria Soares , Marins Mozart , Taleb-Contini Sílvia Helena , Pereira Paulo Sérgio , Fachin Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2013

Anemopaegma arvense (Vell) Stellf. ex de Souza belongs to the family Bignoniaceae, and is popularly known as catuaba. To evaluate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of A. arvense, fraction F3 and flavonoids 1 (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside) (rutin) and flavonoid 2 (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside) were isolated from the leaves of this plant. Fraction F3 and flavonoids 1 and 2 exhibited no antibacterial activity. Furthermore, no cytotoxic activity of fraction 3 or flavonoids 1 and 2 was observed against the tumor cells tested. However, analysis of the antifungal activity of flavonoids 1 and 2 revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively, against the Trichophyton rubrum strains tested (wild type and mutant). This study demonstrates for the first time the antifungal activity of isolated flavonoids, validating the same activity for A. arvense.
Enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble raloxifene using microwave induced fusion method
Authors: Patil Payal Hasmukhlal , Belgamwar Veena Sailendra , Patil Pratibha Ramratan , Surana Sanjay Javerilal
Published: November 2013

The objective of the present work was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug raloxifene HCl (RLX), which is poorly soluble in water. The solubility of RLX was observed to increase with increasing concentration of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5 LV). The optimized ratio for preparing a solid dispersion (SD) of RLX with HPMC E5 LV using the microwave-induced fusion method was 1:5 w/w. Microwave energy was used to prepare SDs. HPMC E5 LV was used as a hydrophilic carrier to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of RLX. After microwave treatment, the drug and hydrophilic polymer are fused together, and the drug is converted from the crystalline form into an amorphous form. This was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. These results suggested that the microwave method is a simple and efficient method of preparing SDs. The solubility and dissolution rate of the SDs were increased significantly compared with pure RLX due to the surfactant and wetting properties of HPMC E5 LV and the formation of molecular dispersions of the drug in HPMC E5 LV. It was concluded that the solubility and dissolution rate of RLX are increased significantly when an SD of the drug is prepared using the microwave-induced fusion method.
Determination of metals in medicinal plants highly consumed in Brazil
Authors: Leal Alexandre Soares , Prado Guilherme , Gomes Tatiana Cristina Bomfim , Sepe Fernanda Peixoto , Dalmázio Ilza
Published: November 2013

In this work, samples of the medicinal plants: Boldo (Peumus boldus), Castanha da Índia (Aesculus hippocastanum), Chá Verde (Camelia sinensis), Erva Cidreira (Melissa officinalis), Espinheira Santa (Maytenus ilicifolia), Guaraná (Paullinia cupana), Maracujá (Passiflora sp.), Mulungu (Erythrina velutina), Sene (Cassia angustifolia) and Valeriana (Valeriana officinalis) were evaluated BY using the Neutron Activation Analysis technique (NAA- k0) in order to determine the levels of metals and other chemical contaminants. The results showed the presence of non essential elements to the human body. The diversity of chemical impurities found even at low concentration levels, considering the potential for chronic toxicity of these elements, reinforces the need to improve the implementation of good practices by growers and traders, and the hypothesis of lack of quality control in plant products.
Pharmaceutical Care for hypertensive patients provided within the Family Health Strategy in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Martins Bárbara Posse Reis , Aquino Aline Teixeira de , Provin Mércia Pandolfo , Lima Dione Marçal , Dewulf Nathalie de Lourdes Souza , Amaral Rita Goreti
Published: November 2013

The aim of Pharmaceutical Care programs is to improve patients' quality of life, and such programs are particularly effective in the case of chronic diseases such as hypertension. The objective of this longitudinal study was to analyze a Pharmaceutical Care model for hypertensive patients receiving care within the Family Health Strategy (FHS). All patients were being seen by an FHS team affiliated to a primary healthcare unit in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Fourteen patients participated in the study, with each patient receiving six home visits during the Pharmaceutical Care. Overall, 142 drug-related problems were reported, the most common concerning the ineffectiveness of treatment (33.8%). A total of 135 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, 92.6% of which involved pharmacist-patient communication, with 48.8% of these interventions being implemented. Cardiovascular risk decreased in three patients and remained unchanged in nine. In hypertensive patients with diabetes, fasting glucose levels were reduced in six out of nine cases. The Pharmaceutical Care model proposed here was effective in detecting drug-related problems and in proposing interventions to resolve or prevent these problems. Consequently, this may have contributed towards improving clinical parameters, such as fasting glucose levels and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients receiving care within the FHS.
The four mechanisms of dental resorption initiation
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study is to present a classification with a clinical application for root resorption, so that diagnosis will be more objective and immediately linked to the source of the problem, leading the clinician to automatically develop the likely treatment plan with a precise prognosis. With this purpose, we suggest putting together all diagnosed dental resorptions into one of these four criteria: 1) Root resorption caused by cementoblast cell death, with preservation of the Malassez epithelial rests. 2) Root resorption by cementoblasts and Malassez epithelial rests death. 3) Dental resorption by odontoblasts cell death with preservation of pulp vitality. 4) Dental resorption by direct exposure of dentin to gingival connective tissue at the cementoenamel junction gaps.
Sagittal changes in lower incisors by the use of lingual arch
Authors: Letti Helen Carolina Becker , Rizzatto Susana Maria Deon , Menezes Luciane Macedo de , Reale Chalana Sangalli , Lima Eduardo Martinelli de , Martinelli Fernando Lima
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate a sagittal variation on the lower incisors with the use of the lingual arch on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition. METHODS: The sample was constituted of 44 Caucasian patients (26 girls and 18 boys), divided in two groups: CG, control group, monitoring the lower arch space with no orthodontic/orthopedic treatment during the rated period (n = 14); EG, experimental group, presenting anterior inferior mild crowding and installation of the lingual arch for space maintenance (n = 30). The position of the lower incisors was analyzed on computerized cephalometric tracings performed at the beginning of the monitoring (T1) and at the end, on the permanent dentition (T2). In order to evaluate the position of the incisors it was used Tweed and Steiner measurements: IMPA, 1.NB and 1-NB. The alterations were analyzed through the "t" test for paired samples, while the differences between the groups were analyzed through the "t" test for independent samples, as for sexual dimorphism. RESULTS: The values in T2 were greater in relation to T1 for all measurements on EG (IMPA, p = 0.038; 1.NB, p = 0.007 and 1-NB, p < 0.0001). On comparing the differences (T2-T1) between CG and EG, it can be gauged differences significantly superior for measure 1.NB (p = 0.002) and 1-NB (p < 0.0001) on EG. There was no statisticaly significant difference between genres. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the lower incisors were projected after using the lingual arch to control the space on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition, however, within acceptable standards, not having difference between genres.
Mechanical evaluation of quad-helix appliance made of low-nickel stainless steel wire
Authors: Santos Rogério Lacerda dos , Pithon Matheus Melo
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between stainless steel and low-nickel stainless steel wires as regards mechanical behavior. Force, resilience, and elastic modulus produced by Quad-helix appliances made of 0.032-inch and 0.036-inch wires were evaluated. METHODS: Sixty Quad-helix appliances were made, thirty for each type of alloy, being fifteen for each wire thickness, 0.032-in and 0.036-in. All the archwires were submitted to mechanical compression test using an EMIC DL-10000 machine simulating activations of 4, 6, 9, and 12 mm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons and Tukey's test were used (p < 0.05) to assess force, resilience, and elastic modulus. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference in the forces generated, resilience and elastic modulus were found between the 0.032-in 0.036-in thicknesses (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Appliances made of low-nickel stainless steel alloy had force, resilience, and elastic modulus similar to those made of stainless steel alloy.
Transversal changes in dental arches from non-extraction treatment with self ligating brackets
Authors: Maltagliati Liliana Avila , Myiahira Yasushi Inoue , Fattori Liana , Capelozza Filho Leopoldino , Cardoso Mauricio
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at analyzing, with the use of dental casts, the transverse changes of the upper and lower dental arches, after non-extraction orthodontic treatment, with self-ligating brackets. METHODS: The sample comprised 29 patients, all presenting Class I malocclusion with upper and lower crowding of at least 4 mm and treated only with a fixed appliance, without stripping, extraction or distalization. The dental casts were obtained before and after leveling with 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel archwires. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the majority of transverse changes occurred at the premolar areas, both the first and the second, as well as on the upper and lower dental arches. The intercanine distance increased 0.75 mm, on average, in the upper arch and 1.96 mm in the lower arch. The molars also demonstrated a tendency towards an increase in their transverse dimension, however, at a lower intensity comparing to premolars. All measurements presented statistically significant differences with the exception of the maxillary second molars.
Long-term stability of maxillary anterior alignment in non-extraction cases
Authors: Canuto Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont , Neves Leniana Santos
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate long-term stability of maxillary incisors alignment in cases submitted to non-extraction orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The sample comprised 23 patients (13 female; 10 male) at a mean initial age of 13.36 years (SD = 1.81 years), treated with fixed appliances. Dental cast measurements were obtained at three different time points (T1 - pretreatment, T2 - posttreatment and T3 - long-term posttreatment). Variables assessed in maxillary arch were Little Irregularity Index, intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths, arch length and perimeter. The statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests when necessary. Pearson' correlation coefficients were used to investigate possible associations between the evaluated variables. RESULTS: There was no significant change in most arch dimension measurements during and after treatment, however, during the long-term posttreatment period, it was observed a significant maxillary incisors crowding relapse. CONCLUSION: The maxillary incisors irregularity increased significantly (1.52 mm) during long-term posttreatment. None of the studied clinical factors demonstrated to be predictive of the maxillary crowding relapse.
Influence of surface treatment on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Brunharo Ione Helena Vieira Portella , Fernandes Daniel Jogaib , Miranda Mauro Sayão de , Artese Flavia
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to micro-hybrid and micro-particulate resins under different surface treatment methods was assessed. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty test samples were divided into 28 groups (n = 10), where 140 specimens were filled with Durafill micro-particulate resin and 140 with Charisma composite. In 140 samples, a coupling agent (silane) was applied. The surface treatment methods were: Phosphoric and hydrofluoric acid etching, sodium bicarbonate and aluminum oxide blasting, stone and burs. A Universal Instron Machine was used to apply an occlusal shear force directly to the resin composite bracket surface at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The means were compared using analysis of variance and multivariate regression to assess the interaction between composites and surface treatment methods. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations for the groups were: Sodium bicarbonate jet 11.27±2.78; burs 9.26±3.01; stone 7.95±3.67; aluminum oxide blasting 7.04±3.21; phosphoric acid 5.82±1.90; hydrofluoric acid 4.54±2.87, and without treatment 2.75±1.49. An increase of 1.94 MPa in shear bond strength was seen in Charisma groups. Silane agent application reduced the Charisma shear bond strength by 0.68 Mpa, but increased Durafill means for bicarbonate blasting (0.83), burs (0.98) and stone drilling (0.46). CONCLUSION: The sodium bicarbonate blasting, burs and stone drilling methods produced adequate shear bond strength and may be suitable for clinical use. The Charisma micro hybrid resin composite showed higher shear bond means than Durafill micro particle composite.
The evolution of cephalometric diagnosis in Orthodontics
Authors: Silva Maurício Barbosa Guerra da , Sant'Anna Eduardo Franzotti
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: Although the development of CT have represented a landmark in diagnostic imaging, its use in Dentistry turned out very discretely over the years. With the appearance of programs for analysis of three-dimensional images, specific for Orthodontics and Orthognathic surgery, a new reality is being built. OBJECTIVE: The authors of this study aim to inform the orthodontic society of fundamentals about digital cephalometric radiographic image and computed tomography, discussing about: Field of view (FOV), radiation doses, demands for the use in Orthodontics and radiographic simulations.
Transverse maxillary and mandibular growth during and after Bionator therapy: study with metallic implants
Authors: Monini André da Costa , Gandini Júnior Luiz Gonzaga , Maia Luiz Guilherme Martins , Santos-Pinto Ary dos
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 = before bionator therapy, T2 = after bionator therapy and T3 = 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.
The influence of patient's motivation on reported pain during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Campos Marcio José da Silva , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: Patients usually experience pain during orthodontic treatment. This fact can affect cooperation and the development of treatment. Reporting pain during treatment seems to be influenced by emotional aspects such as the patient's motivation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between patient's motivation and the intensity of reported pain during two stages of treatment. METHODS: Twenty males (11-37 years old) answered a questionnaire divided into five categories regarding their motivation towards treatment. The subjects were studied for 14 days (7 days with bonded brackets and 7 days with the initial arch inserted) and the intensity of pain was evaluated on a daily basis. All the issues, including the intensity of pain, were measured through the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The VAS-associated questionnaire proved to have good temporal reliability and reasonable internal consistency, being that the "perceived severity" domain had the greatest, although not significant (p = 0.196) correlation with pain intensity. Only the question asking the patients if they thought that their teeth were too uneven showed a positive correlation with pain intensity (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The results seem to indicate that the five categories related to treatment motivation cannot be used to predict discomfort during treatment. In addition, patients who think their teeth are too uneven may experience more severe pain due to greater force application after insertion of the initial arch.
Time of guard of orthodontic records versus legal time for their prescription
Authors: Paranhos Luiz Renato , Magalhães Mariana Paula Maggiorini de , Francio José , Terada Hélio Hissashi , Rosário Henrique Damian , Silva Rhonan Ferreira da
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: After promulgation and wider dissemination of the Code of Consumer Protection, there was an increase in the number of legal conflicts between patients and dentists, leading these health professionals to increasingly guard themselves from possible lawsuits. As such, it becomes critical the preparation of an adequate and complete clinical record, even though the keeping time remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and discuss the keeping time of orthodontic records versus the legal time for their prescription, as well as to propose a model of a Term upon Completion of Dental Treatment. CONCLUSION: It is advised to return part of the clinical records to their rightful owners by means of an itemized receipt. The Term upon Completion reflects the patient's awareness and could be considered by the CCP as the initial term of the prescription time, because it implicates that the patient recognizes the quality of service provided and satisfactory results achieved.
In vitro analysis of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index comparing light curing and self-curing composites
Authors: Neves Murilo Gaby , Brandão Gustavo Antônio Martins , Almeida Haroldo Amorim de , Brandão Ana Maria Martins , Azevedo Dário Ribeiro de
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength of self-curing (ConciseTM - 3M and Alpha Plast - DFL) and light-curing composites (TransbondTM XT - 3M and Natural Ortho - DFL) used in orthodontics bonding, associated to Morelli metal brackets, with further analysis of adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel condition in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Forty human premolars, just extracted and stored in physiologic solution 0.9 % were used. Randomly, these samples were divided in four groups: G1 group, the brackets were bonded with ConciseTM - 3M composite; in G2 group, Alpha Plast - DFL composite was used; in G3 group, TransbondTM XT - 3M was used; in G4 group, Natural Ortho - DFL composite was used. These groups were submitted to shear strength tests in universal testing machine, at 0.5 mm per minute speed. RESULTS: Statistical difference between G3 and G4 groups was recorded, as G4 showing higher strength resistance than G3. In the other hand, there were no statistical differences between G1, G2 and G3 and G1, G2 and G4 groups. ARI analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups, and low scores were recorded among then. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the debonding spots and the enamel surface integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Shear bond strength was satisfactory and similar between the composites, however Natural Ortho - DFL revealed best comparing to TransbondTM XT - 3M.
Deformation of elastomeric chains related to the amount and time of stretching
Authors: Yagura Denise , Baggio Paulo Eduardo , Carreiro Luiz Sérgio , Takahashi Ricardo
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a potential relationship between degree of stretching and resulting permanent deformation of elastomeric chains (ECs) as well as whether or not stretching time has any bearing on the degree of permanent deformation. METHODS: Five-module segments of closed elastomeric chains manufactured by 3M Unitek were stretched to 10-100% of their original length in devices especially designed for this purpose, remaining submerged in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1° C and were removed sequentially after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Upon removal, each segment was measured and, once recorded the values, were statistically analyzed with the purpose of assessing the degree of permanent deformation. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that permanent deformation is directly proportional to the degree of stretching of the ECs assessed. The mean percentages found were 8.4% to 10% of stretching, and exceeding 20% (21.3%) when stretched by 40%, and reaching 56.6% permanent deformation when stretched 100% of their original length. Finally, the highest percentage of permanent deformation occurred during the first week and was not statistically significant after this period.
Cephalometric analysis for the diagnosis of sleep apnea: a comparative study between reference values and measurements obtained for Brazilian subjects
Authors: Maschtakow Patrícia Superbi Lemos , Tanaka Jefferson Luis Oshiro , Rocha João Carlos da , Giannasi Lílian Chrystiane , Moraes Mari Eli Leonelli de , Costa Carolina Bacci , Castilho Julio Cezar de Melo , Moraes Luiz Cesar de
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis. METHOD: It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length. CONCLUSIONS: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.
Angle Class I malocclusion treated with lower incisor extraction
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Leal Tavares
Published: November 2013

In planning orthodontic cases that include extractions as an alternative to solve the problem of negative space discrepancy, the critical decision is to determine which teeth will be extracted. Several aspects must be considered, such as periodontal health, orthodontic mechanics, functional and esthetic alterations, and treatment stability. Despite controversies, extraction of teeth to solve dental crowding is a therapy that has been used for decades. Premolar extractions are the most common, but there are situations in which atypical extractions facilitate mechanics, preserve periodontal health and favor maintenance of the facial profile, which tends to unfavorably change due to facial changes with age. The extraction of a lower incisor, in selected cases, is an effective approach, and literature describes greater post-treatment stability when compared with premolar extractions. This article reports the clinical case of a patient with Angle Class I malocclusion and upper and lower anterior crowding, a balanced face and harmonious facial profile. The presence of gingival and bone recession limited large orthodontic movements. The molars and premolars were well occluded, and the discrepancy was mainly concentrated in the anterior region of the lower dental arch. The extraction of a lower incisor in the most ectopic position and with compromised periodontium, associated with interproximal stripping in the upper and lower arches, was the alternative of choice for this treatment, which restored function, providing improved periodontal health, maintained facial esthetics and allowed finishing with a stable and balanced occlusion. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO), as part of the requirements for obtaining the BBO Diplomate title.
Nietzsche e a filologia, a filologia e Nietzsche. Minhocas e tesouros: a pesquisa das fontes e a "biblioteca ideal" de Nietzsche
Authors: Campioni Giuliano
Published: November 2013

Neste artigo, o autor justifica a importância que tem o trabalho editorial realizado por Colli e Montinari para a compreensão da filosofia nietzschiana no século XX. Considera, portanto, que o exaustivo trabalho com as fontes de citação do filósofo e com anotações e correspondências, muitas inéditas, ou consideradas irrelevantes por alguns pesquisadores, ou utilizadas de forma arbitrária e descontextualizada, podem, se bem organizadas, fornecer informações preciosas para a definição da identidade filosófica de Nietzsche. E, para tanto, argumenta ser necessário enfatizar a atividade filológica do próprio Nietzsche. Destaca, por fim, o quanto é útil o aparato para a organização dos escritos nietzschianos feitos por Colli e Montinari, que possibilitaram corrigir equívocos históricos de interpretação.
Giorgio Colli intérprete de Nietzsche
Authors: Busellato Stefano
Published: November 2013

Neste artigo, o autor afirma que o trabalho filosófico de Giorgio Colli é mais importante do que o seu trabalho editorial das obras de Nietzsche, pelo qual ganhou reconhecimento internacional. Mostra que Colli foi um filósofo com posições contrárias aos principais movimentos de sua época: ao academicismo, ao historicismo, às pesquisas de caráter positivista. Por fim, indica que , como pensador sistemático e metafísico, Colli viu na filosofia antiga o apogeu do pensamento ocidental e, em Nietzsche, a maior expressão moderna desse pensamento, sem contudo, poupá-lo de críticas.
Há espaço para uma concepção não moral da normatividade prática em Nietzsche?: notas sobre um debate em andamento
Authors: Lopes Rogério
Published: November 2013

Este artigo está estruturado em três seções. Na primeira procuro mostrar como a busca por uma concepção alternativa de normatividade prática na filosofia moral contemporânea guarda afinidades com o projeto nietzschiano de crítica da moralidade. Na segunda seção examino os méritos e as limitações da tentativa de Brobjer de filiar Nietzsche à tradição grega da ética das virtudes. Na terceira seção examino as distintas motivações da crítica de Nietzsche à solução moral para o problema da normatividade prática e defendo a tese de que esta diversidade de motivações torna sua posição instável, oscilando entre uma versão consequencialista e uma não consequencialista do perfeccionismo. Não discuto exaustivamente, mas sugiro que a versão não consequencialista é mais consistente com alguns compromissos importantes da filosofia de Nietzsche.
Abordar o Versuch nietzschiano por um Versuch do leitor?: em direção a uma leitura "als Problem" da obra de Nietzsche
Authors: Benoit Blaise
Published: November 2013

Este artigo define a filosofia de Nietzsche como um Versuch (ensaio, tentativa, experimentação) e não como um conjunto de teses articuladas de maneira fixa. O leitor da obra de Nietzsche é ele mesmo constrangido a abordar os textos deste pensador de maneira tateante: se num primeiro momento a leitura parece impossível de dominar, a segunda parte da contribuição lembra que uma leitura metódica pode ser considerada, leitura que não pode, todavia, pretender absorver totalmente as dificuldades colocadas pelo pensamento de Nietzsche. O Versuch nietzschiano conduz, por conseguinte, a construir um Versuch do leitor em um caminho que, de forma mais ampla, convida a considerar a obra de Nietzsche como problema ("als Problem").
Nietzsche ou a eternidade do tempo
Authors: Sánchez Meca Diego
Published: November 2013

Este artigo propõe uma interpretação do Eterno Retorno a partir da função que ele exerce em relação aos objetivos do pensamento de Nietzsche. Ou seja, busca-se seu sentido no contexto do projeto do filósofo de transformação da cultura européia. Não se formula, pois, uma teoria nietzschiana sobre a essência verdadeira do tempo que se confrontaria com a concepção metafísica do tempo linear. Portanto, o Eterno Retorno não pretende ser um enunciado dirigido ao entendimento, mas sim, ser a expressão de um desafio e tarefa para a vontade. Assim, ainda que a doutrina do Retorno possua a forma de uma representação teórica, o decisivo não é sua validade ou verdade enquanto teoria, mas sim, seu valor enquanto fórmula da mais alta afirmação da vida e como instrumento necessário de seleção.
Ascetismo e inocência: a questão da religião no Humano, demasiado humano de Nietzsche
Authors: Oliveira Jelson Roberto de
Published: November 2013

Pretende-se analisar, neste artigo, a estratégia histórico-fisiopsicológica utilizada por Nietzsche em Humano, demasiado humano no que diz respeito à sua análise da metafísica religiosa e, mais precisamente, do ascetismo. Para isso, demonstraremos como a argumentação nietzschiana chega à tese da inocência do ser humano e à demonstração de que o ascetismo e a santidade não passariam de um exercício de poder do indivíduo sobre si mesmo, como uma "ânsia de domínio" que, pela ausência de "objetos" externos, acaba se voltando contra si mesmo, pela via da "tiranização de partes de seu próprio ser", resultando no desprezo e no escárnio do homem consigo mesmo, sentimento que redunda na moralidade da culpa. O procedimento de Nietzsche, ao aliviar o homem desse peso, restabeleceria a inocência e a irresponsabilidade pela via da afirmação da necessidade de todas as coisas e da crítica à ideia de livre-arbítrio.