bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing P53 expression and genome-wide transcriptome profiling to Comet assay in lymphocytes from melanoma patients and healthy controls
Authors: Najafzadeh Mojgan , Naeem Parisa , Ghaderi Nader , Jafarinejad Shohreh , Karimi Zahra , Ghaderi Mehran , Akhbari Pouria , Ghaderi Rojan , Farsi Pedram , Wright Andrew , Anderson Diana
Published: November 2023

This study compared the expression of TP53 in lymphocytes from malignant melanoma (MM) patients with positive sentinel nodes to healthy controls (HCs) following exposure to various doses of UVA radiation. The Lymphocyte Genome Sensitivity (LGS) assay indicated significant differences in DNA damage in lymphocytes between MM patients and HCs. qPCR data demonstrated an overall 3.4-fold increase in TP53 expression in lymphocytes from MM patients compared to healthy controls, following treatment with 0.5 mW/cm2 UVA radiation. Western blotting confirmed that p53 expression was increased in MM lymphocytes following UVA exposure compared to healthy individuals. Genome transcriptome profiling data displayed differences in gene expression between UVA-treated lymphocytes from MM patients and HCs. Peripheral lymphocytes from MM patients are more susceptible to the genotoxic effects of UVA compared to healthy individuals. Our previous studies showed that UVA exposure of various intensities caused significant differences in the levels of DNA damage between lymphocytes from cancer patients compared to HCs through the LGS assay. The present study’s results provide further credibility to the LGS assay as a screening test for cancer detection. Peripheral lymphocytes could be a promising blood biopsy biomarker for staging of carcinomas and prevention of carcinoma progression at early stages.
All dielectric highly efficient achromatic meta-lens using inverse design optimization
Authors: Maher Abdullah , Swillam Mohamed A.
Published: November 2023

This work presents a high-efficiency achromatic meta-lens based on inverse design with topology optimization methodology. The meta-lens design with high numerical aperture values (NA = 0.7, NA = 0.8, and NA = 0.9) optimized along wavelength range starts from 550 to 800 nm, then the direct solver along the full extended wavelength band from 400 to 800 nm that applied to the final optimized structures under the three conditions of the high numerical apertures have high focusing efficiency for the all conditions. The optimization problem is based on Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser (k-s) objective function, leading to approximately stable response over the broadband bandwidths of the three designs.
Evaluation of cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells as a prognostic biomarker for stage III/IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Jiazi , Yang Mian , Peng Tao , Liu Yelei , Cao Yuepeng
Published: November 2023

Currently, little is known about the phenotypes of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), particularly epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, and their impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aims to investigate the CTC phenotypes and their prognostic implications in stage III/IV CRC. Patients who were diagnosed with CRC and underwent CTC detection at two hospitals were included. CTCs were detected using a mesenchymal CTC kit, and the clinical and pathological characteristics of CTCs were compared with those of cell surface vimentin-positive CTCs (CSV-CTCs). Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed and used as an indicator of CTC phenotype-related prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were made to identify risk factors, and nomogram models were employed for prognostic prediction. A total of 82 patients were enrolled, with a CTC detection rate of 86.6%. Among the detected CTCs, 60% were CSV-CTCs. The CSV-CTC count showed a positive correlation with the T-stage, the M-stage, and the location of the primary tumor (P = 0.01, P = 0.014, and P = 0.01, respectively). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that CSV-CTCs were associated with worse DFS in patients receiving first-line oxaliplatin chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.78, 95% CI 1.55–9.26, p = 0.04). When the cut-off value of the CSV-CTC count was 3, the optimal prognostic prediction was achieved. Compound models considering CSV-CTCs, TNM staging, the site of the primary tumor and the Ras gene status yielded the best results in both the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the decision curve analysis (DCA). This study indicates that CSV-CTCs predominate in CTCs of CRC patients, and a count of CSV-CTCs ≥ 3 is an independent risk factor for worse prognosis.
Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Morinda citrifolia leaf extract
Authors: Priya Manogar , Venkatesan Raja , Deepa Simon , Sana Siva Sankar , Arumugam Soundhar , Karami Abdulnasser M. , Vetcher Alexandre A. , Kim Seong-Cheol
Published: November 2023

The green methodologies of nanoparticles with plant extracts have received an increase of interest. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been utilized in a many of applications in the last few decades. The current study presents the synthesis of CuO NPs with aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia as a stabilizing agent. The leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia was mixed with a solution of copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O) and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDAX analysis were performed to study the synthesized CuO NPs. Particle size distribution of the synthesized CuO NPs have been measured with dynamic light scattering. The CuO NPs synthesized were highly stable, sphere-like, and have size of particles from 20 to 50 nm. Furthermore, as-formed CuO NPs shown strong antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). CuO NPs revealed a similar trend was analysed for antifungal activity. The zone of inhibition for the fungi evaluated for Aspergillus flavus (13.0 ± 1.1), Aspergillus niger (14.3 ± 0.7), and Penicillium frequentans (16.8 ± 1.4). According to the results of this investigation, green synthesized CuO NPs with Morinda citrifolia leaf extract may be used in biomedicine as a replacement agent for biological applications.
Comparative study of posaconazole and voriconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with pediatric acute leukemia
Authors: Tu Songji , Zhang Kunlong , Wang Ningling , Chu Jinhua , Yang Linhai , Xie Zhiwei
Published: November 2023

Posaconazole and voriconazole are commonly used for preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD), but few studies compared posaconazole with voriconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) in pediatric acute leukemia. To compare posaconazole with voriconazole for PAP in pediatric acute leukemia. This retrospective observational study enrolled pediatric patients with non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between December 2017 and November 2019 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The patients received voriconazole or posaconazole for PAP. The primary outcome was the breakthrough of IFD. The secondary outcome was the overall survival (OS) and IFD-free survival of patients. A total of the 275 patients were enrolled, of which 120 patients taking voriconazole (43.6%) and 155 patients taking posaconazole (56.4%). The breakthrough of IFD occurred in 19 (15.8%) patients taking voriconazole and in 12 (7.7%) patients taking posaconazole (P = 0.035). There was no significant differences in IFD-free survival (P = 0.336) or OS (P = 0.069) between the patients taking voriconazole and posaconazole. In the subgroup of AML patients, the OS of patients taking posaconazole was better than those receiving voriconazole (P = 0.017). Posaconazole and voriconazole were comparable for PAP in patients with pediatric acute leukemia regarding the OS and IFD-free survival, but posaconazole might achieve a lower IFD breakthrough rate.
Hyperuricemia remission after colorectal cancer surgery for colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Liu Fei , Huang Yin , Li Zi-Wei , Liu Xu-Rui , Liu Xiao-Yu , Lv Quan , Shu Xin-Peng , Li Lian-Shuo , Zhang Wei , Tong Yue , Zeng Meng-Hua , Peng Dong
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) combined with hyperuricemia remitted 1 year after CRC surgery. CRC patients combined with hyperuricemia who underwent radical surgery were included from a single clinical center from Jan 2016 to Dec 2021. Baseline characteristics was compared between the remission group and the non-remission group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find the possible predictive factors of hyperuricemia remission. A total of 91 patients were included for data analysis, retrospectively. There were 34 (37.4%) patients in the remission group and 57 (62.6%) patients in the non-remission group. The mean preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI) were 61.2 ± 10.7 (kg) and 24.1 ± 3.3 (kg/m2). 21 (23.1%) patients had a history of drinking. We found that the weight and BMI were not significantly different before and 1 year after CRC surgery (P > 0.05). In contrast, uric acid values were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the outcomes showed there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the remission and non-remission groups (P > 0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression, we found that the history of drinking was a predictive factor of hyperuricemia remission (OR = 0.046, 95% CI 0.005–0.475, P = 0.010). CRC patients with hyperuricemia had a 37.4% remission from hyperuricemia 1 year after CRC surgery. Tumor location, tumor stage, and tumor size did not predict the remission of hyperuricemia. Notably, the history of drinking was a predictive factor of hyperuricemia remission.
Polar lipid-enriched milk fat globule membrane supplementation in maternal high-fat diet promotes intestinal barrier function and modulates gut microbiota in male offspring
Authors: Gong Han , Yuan Qichen , Du Min , Mao Xueying
Published: November 2023

MFGM-PL supplementation to HFD dams improved intestinal development in offspring at weaning via promoting intestinal proliferation, differentiation, tight junctions and modulating gut microbiota, mitigating HFD-induced gut dysbiosis in adulthood.
Optimization of heteronuclear ultrafast 2D NMR for the study of complex mixtures hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Praud Clément , Ribay Victor , Dey Arnab , Charrier Benoît , Mandral Joris , Farjon Jonathan , Dumez Jean-Nicolas , Giraudeau Patrick
Published: November 2023

Ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy combined with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization provides rich, sensitive and repeatable NMR fingerprints of complex mixtures.
Thiol and thioether-based metal–organic frameworks: synthesis, structure, and multifaceted applications
Authors: Patra Rajesh , Mondal Sumit , Sarma Debajit
Published: November 2023

Overview of thiol and thioether-based metal–organic frameworks.
Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates osteoporosis by regulating the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in rats
Authors: Han Xuebing , Fu Yifeng , Wang Keyu , Li Siying , Jiang Chang , Wang Shuangshuang , Wang Zheng , Liu Gang , Hu Siwang
Published: November 2023

EGCG prevents osteoporosis in rats by increasing beneficial metabolites and bacteria, as well as reducing pathogenic bacteria.
Akkermansia muciniphilaattenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs in mice
Authors: Shen Jian , Wang Shuting , Xia He , Han Shengyi , Wang Qiangqiang , Wu Zhengjie , Zhuge Aoxiang , Li Shengjie , Chen Hui , Lv Longxian , Chen Yanfei , Li Lanjuan
Published: November 2023

Akkermansia muciniphila attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs in mice.
Utilizing machine learning to expedite the fabrication and biological application of carbon dots
Authors: Tang Yaoyao , Xu Quan , Zhu Peide , Zhu Rongye , Wang Juncheng
Published: November 2023

This review introduces machine learning into imaging, sensing, and cancer therapy for CDs, demonstrating the great potential for ML to accelerate developments in materials science and provide new insight into the biological application field.
From CdPb8(SeO3)4Br10 to Pb3(TeO3)Br4: the first tellurite bromide exhibiting an SHG response and mid-IR transparency
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Hu Chun-Li , Li Bing-Xuan , Mao Jiang-Gao , Kong Fang
Published: November 2023

NCS Pb3(TeO3)Br4 was obtained based on the CS CdPb8(SeO3)4Br10 by mild hydrothermal reactions. Pb3(TeO3)Br4 can exhibit an SHG response equivalent to KDP, appropriate birefringence, wide optical transparency window and high thermal stability.
Preparation of electrochemical horseradish peroxidase biosensor with black phosphorene–zinc oxide nanocomposite and their applications
Authors: Yang Feng , Ai Yijing , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Lisi , Zhang Zejun , Ding Weipin , Sun Wei
Published: November 2023

In this work, a novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was constructed based on a black phosphorene and zinc oxide nanocomposite as a modifier, which was used for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on a carbon ionic liquid electrode.
Facile one pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives under mild conditions by using engineered MgO@DFNS as heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Kusuma Suman , Bawiskar Dipak B. , Singh Chob , Panneerselvam Pratheep , Sinha Pradipta , Samal Akshaya K. , Jadhav Arvind H.
Published: November 2023

Benzimidazole derivatives are considered as important heterocyclic motifs that show a wide range of pharmaceutical applications.
Interface defects repair of core/shell quantum dots through halide ion penetration
Authors: Yuan Changwei , He Mengda , Liao Xinrong , Liu Mingming , Zhang Qinggang , Wan Qun , Qu Zan , Kong Long , Li Liang
Published: November 2023

This work first reports a versatile post-synthesis strategy that drive halogens diffuse within crystal structures at elevated temperature, acting as “repairmen” to rectify oxidation and significantly reduce interface defects within core–shell QDs.
An efficient and mild oxidative approach from thiols to sulfonyl derivatives with DMSO/HBr
Authors: Wang Hongye , Li Zhaoting , Dai Rongheng , Jiao Ning , Song Song
Published: November 2023

A mild and practical method for synthesizing sulfonyl derivatives, which have a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, materials, and organic synthesis, was described through the oxidative functionalization of thiols with DMSO/HBr.
Mesoporous carbon hemispheres integrated with Fe–Gd nanoparticles for potential MR/PA imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Wu Tianze , Zhang Hui , Chen Zhenxia , Yang Yannan , Ling Yun , Zhou Yaming
Published: November 2023

Functionalized asymmetric mesoporous carbon hemispheres (Fe–Gd/CHS) exhibit enhanced photothermal properties over symmetric Fe–Gd/CS and show satisfactory MR/PA imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
High carrier mobility and strong electron–phonon coupling in graphene–WS2 heterobilayers under pressure
Authors: Zhen Jiapeng , Huang Qiushi , Liu Ying , Zhang Shihui , Dong Hongliang , Lv Kehong , Qiu Jing , Liu Guanjun
Published: November 2023

Graphene-TMD heterojunctions with strong electron–phonon coupling are expected in nano-photodetectors, yet the chemical doping hinders the performance of graphene, and the limited photoelectric conversion and lack of effective regulation of interlayer interactions hinder further research on heterostructures.
Prediction and analysis of genetic effect in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Chen Peipei , Xie Lubin , Ma Leikai , Zhao Xianda , Chen Yong , Ge Zhouling
Published: November 2023

With increasing research on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), more and more studies have indicated that GERD is associated with IPF, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to identify and analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPF and GERD and explore the relevant molecular mechanisms via bioinformatics analysis. Four GEO datasets (GSE24206, GSE53845, GSE26886, and GSE39491) were downloaded from the GEO database, and DEGs between IPF and GERD were identified with the online tool GEO2R. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses are conducted, including Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, the PPI network, biological characteristics, TF‐gene interactions, TF‐miRNA coregulatory networks, and the prediction of drug molecules. Totally, 71 genes were identified as DEGs in IPF and GERD. Five KEGG pathways, including Amoebiasis, Protein digestion and absorption, Relaxin signalling pathway, AGE‐RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and Drug metabolism ‐ cytochrome P450, were significantly enriched. In addition, eight hub genes, including POSTN, MMP1, COL3A1, COL1A2, CXCL12, TIMP3, VCAM1, and COL1A1 were selected from the PPI network by Cytoscape software. Then, five hub genes (MMP1, POSTN, COL3A1, COL1A2, and COL1A1) with high diagnostic values for IPF and GERD were validated by GEO datasets. Finally, TF‐gene and miRNA interaction was identified with hub genes and predicted drug molecules for the IPF and GERD. And the results suggest that cetirizine, luteolin, and pempidine may have great potential therapeutic value in IPF and GERD. This study will provide novel strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic targets for IPF and GERD.
The Digitalization Approach in The Paddy Sector To Achieve The Self-Sufficiency Level In Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad Zubir
Published: November 2023

“Digitization indeed presents a valuable opportunity to tackle the pressing challenges of productivity, sustainability, and resilience in agriculture. The evidence of its adoption and impact in the agriculture sector highlights notable increases in production and crop resilience. In the specific context of paddy production in Malaysia, the government consistently underscores the importance of embracing digitization in this sector. This paper aims to explore how a digitization approach can be effectively utilized in paddy production to attain self-sufficiency levels (SSL) in Malaysia. Additionally, it identifies key issues and challenges that need to be addressed to achieve self-sufficiency in paddy production. These challenges include: natural resource scarcity: agricultural productivity & innovation and climate change. To ensure the sustainability of paddy production and the successful adoption of digitization, governments play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges. In conclusion, the integration of digitization in paddy production is a promising strategy for Malaysia to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production. However, it requires a comprehensive approach that addresses challenges related to resource scarcity, productivity, demographic shifts, and climate change. Governments have a critical role in facilitating this transition by providing support, knowledge, incentives, and a conducive environment for innovation and technology adoption in the agricultural sector.
Social Media and Human Trafficking: Using Social Media in Education of Human Trafficking Case Study on Operation Underground Railroads (Ours)
Authors: Hadjira Sitti , Anggreyani Reysa , Halida Rahmi Tazkia , Nur Fitria Fadhila , Suranto  , Jorgi Sutan Arissy
Published: November 2023

Social media is a powerful platform for disseminating information about human trafficking regardless of regional boundaries. So it is necessary to see the role of social media in increasing public knowledge through education provided by social media platforms, one of which is how social media OURrescue to eradicate acts of human trafficking. This research will aim to see how Twitter social media in Operation Underground Railroads (Ours) increases public knowledge about the issue of human trafficking by concentrating on three main issues: Social media content, OURrescue social media account activity, and The influence of narratives in providing education related to human trafficking to the public through social media. The qualitative method is the method taken in this study which uses a data analysis approach, namely Qualitative Data Analysis Software (Q-DAS), explicitly using the Nvivo 12Plus application through qualitative descriptive. The results of this study have three main points: First, in the content dichotomy, the @OURrescue account has participated in combating human trafficking. Second, the @OURrescue account in disseminating information and education to the public still needs to be more consistent than in 2016, which was very active in social media. Third, the @OURrescue account shows the dissemination of narratives related to the fight against human trafficking and plays a role in establishing relationships with actors who often raise issues of human trafficking. Focusing on research on human rights which is analysed through Twitter social media, shows a novelty from this research.
Kanjuruhan Disaster, Exploring Indonesia Mismanagement Football Match
Authors: Junaedi Fajar , Sukmono Filosa Gita , Fuller Andy
Published: November 2023

The Kanjuruhan disaster (1st October, 2022), which resulted in the deaths of some 135 people, is perhaps the darkest moment in Indonesian football history. The riots broke out after a match between Arema FC and Persebaya in the top-tier of the Indonesian domestic league, at Arema’s home stadium, Kanjuruhan Stadium. The Arema FC supporters, angry at their team’s 2:3 defeat stormed the field and thus triggered confrontations with the police. In contravention of FIFA policy, tear gas was subsequently fired into the grandstands. The use of tear gas is regarded as being the main cause of the deaths in the stadium. This research utilizes a case study approach to comprehend, explore and elaborate on the phenomena under investigation. Through data collected via interviews, documentation, direct observation and physical artifacts, the study concludes that the Kanjuruhan disaster is an outcome of poor football governance in Indonesia, wherein the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) neglects and violates football match regulations. These violations have led to subpar football standards, including the lack of factual stadium verification, misuse of tear gas by the police, overcrowding and incompetent match organizing committees.
Old-fashioned Policy for Pupils of the Intelligence Era: Why Religious Institutes Preserve Traditional Rules in Digital Society
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmi , Ghazali Abdul Rasyid
Published: November 2023

This research aims to explore the policy of an Islamic boarding school in preparing students to face the intelligence age, for example, why students are prohibited from carrying gadgets in an era where gadgets are a basic necessity. This research is a type of qualitative research using descriptive analysis method that focuses on in-depth observation. In this case, the researchers interacts directly with the subjects to be researched by means of observation and interviews. The research results show that the reasons why students are prohibited from bringing gadgets include 1) Maintaining the nature ofsantri(student of Islamic school) 2) remembering the noble ideals of Islamic Education, 3) Maintaining motivation to focus on studying and reciting the Quran, 4) Protecting students from negative currents, and 5) Maintaining the stability and conduciveness of the educational environment. The policy implemented is to provide special allocations for ICT lessons, both theory and practice, to be studied by students.
Aligning Theory and Practice: Leveraging Chat GPT for Effective English Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Hatmanto Endro Dwi , Sari Mariska Intan
Published: November 2023

The incorporation of technology, particularly Chat GPT dialogue, has become increasingly prominent in the English language teaching and learning dynamic field. The utilization of powerful natural language processing techniques in Chat GPT has the potential to enhance language learning experiences by providing simulations of human-like conversations. The primary objective of this study is to examine the congruence between Chat GPT and well-established theoretical frameworks and best practices in the field of English language education. Additionally, this research aims to identify effective pedagogical approaches and instructional tactics that can be employed to maximize the educational benefits of Chat GPT. This study examines the alignment between Chat GPT and academic frameworks like as Communicative Language Teaching, Constructivist Learning Theory, Task-Based Learning, and Personalization and Differentiation. The study involved individuals who are professionals in the English education field, who offered their opinions and insights into the compatibility of Chat GPT with these frameworks. The results demonstrate a notable congruence between Chat GPT and established theoretical frameworks, including constructivist learning principles, communicative language instruction, task-based learning, and personalized learning approaches. The capacity of Chat GPT to promote active engagement, learner autonomy, knowledge production, authentic language use, and collaborative learning aligns with these theoretical frameworks. Moreover, the research delineates distinct instructional approaches for optimizing the use of Chat GPT, including virtual Socratic dialogues, interactive narrative construction, simulated discourse, individualized exchanges, and practical application of knowledge to real-world problem-solving scenarios. These tactics serve to augment learner engagement, fluency, autonomy, and personalized learning experiences.
Serial Tissue Expansion and Skin Grafts in the Management of a Giant Congenital Nevus of the Face: Review of Literature and Case Report
Authors: Sơn Trần Thiết , Nghĩa Phan Tuấn , Dung Phạm Thị Việt , Thuý Tạ Thị Hồng , Anh Hoàng Tuấn , Huy Lê Anh
Published: November 2023

Giant congenital nevi, especially on the head and neck, pose a challenge for plastic surgeons. This requires extensive experience in detailed planning, combining different techniques, and selecting appropriate materials for reconstruction. There have been reports of using a tissue expander, serial resection method, and full-thickness skin grafts for this type of nevus. However, the best way to completely remove a giant congenital nevus is endless. In this article, we would like to present a case of a left hemifacial giant congenital nevus in which we used multiple tissue expansion to fully replace the nevus, along with some of our modification techniques.
Nasal Osteotomies Revisited in Asians: Surface Aesthetics, Anatomical and Technical Considerations
Authors: Jeong Jae-Yong , Kim Taek-Kyun , Ku Inhoe , Najmiddinov Bakhtiyor
Published: November 2023

Background Although osteotomy is commonly performed in rhinoplasty, it is difficult for less experienced surgeon to understand mechanism of the procedure. The primary goal of this study is to improve understanding of nasal osteotomy in Asians by considering the surface aesthetics and anatomy of the nose as well as their relationships with the surgical procedure.

Methods Surface aesthetics, anatomic considerations, kinetics of medial and lateral osteotomy, fracture levels of osteotomy were discussed in detail by reviewing the previous publications and 18 years of our experience. Moreover, the technical details of osteotomy were explained and personal tips for performing successful osteotomy were described.

Results Dorsal and lateral aesthetic lines, dorsal and basal widths are main characteristics related to the surface aesthetics of nose to perform the osteotomy. In addition, these features are different in Asian population due to the anatomic difference with Caucasians, which makes the procedure difficult and requires more attention to perform osteotomy.

Conclusion Because osteotomy is one of the most traumatic and invasive part of the rhinoplasty, it is crucial for the rhinoplasty surgeon to understand the relationship between surface aesthetics and osteotomy techniques to produce consistent and reproducible results.
Analysis of Treatment Modalities for Advanced Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus: A National Cancer Database Study
Authors: Lee Kue T. , Kleinbub Duncan , Gelves Camilo R.
Published: November 2023

Introduction Stage cT4a and cT4b squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) typically require multimodal treatment with adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different treatment modalities on survival outcomes in patients with stage cT4a-b SCCa exclusively of the maxillary sinus.

Methods A multivariate survival analysis was conducted, evaluating treatment modalities for patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2020 utilizing the National Cancer Database. Cox hazard regression was performed for variables.

Results The study identified a total of 1,788 patients with SCCa of the maxillary sinuses, of which 71.2% were cT4a. Increasing age, Charlson–Deyo score ≥ 1, and undifferentiated/anaplastic grade were associated with worse rates of survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that neoadjuvant treatment exhibited the lowest hazard ratio ([HR]: 0.574, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.370–0.892) across the entire cohort (cT4a-b). Neoadjuvant treatment plus surgery, adjuvant treatment plus surgery, and surgery alone demonstrated the highest adjusted 5-year survival for cT4a-b tumors. On the other hand, radiation alone exhibited the highest HR (1.939, 95% CI: 1.555–2.418) in multivariate analysis and the lowest adjusted 5-year survival.

Conclusion Multimodal treatment of advanced stage maxillary SCCa has a variable effect on outcomes by tumor stage. Our findings suggest that surgery plus neoadjuvant and surgery plus adjuvant treatment are associated with higher rates of survival. Increasing age, Charlson–Deyo score ≥ 1, and undifferentiated/anaplastic grade were associated with worse rates of survival. Further randomized controlled trials are required to quantify the therapeutic benefit of these treatments on survival and organ sparing in advanced stage disease.
Contralateral Endoscopic Approach for a Rare Case of Neuroglial Cyst
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Sinha Kshitij , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Chand Vipin Kumar , Singh Neha , Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Krishan
Published: November 2023

Neuroglial cysts are very rare benign lesions of the brain, accounting for up to 1% of all intracranial cysts. Various intracranial locations such as parenchyma, ventricles, subarachnoid spaces, and rarely the spinal cord have been reported. The clinical features vary according to the site of the cyst ranging from being asymptomatic to having headache, seizures, and hemiparesis. It is most commonly seen in infants and children but can be seen in adults too. This rare case is of a middle-aged woman presenting with complaints of headache and left-sided hemiparesis. We report a rare case of a right-sided neuroglial cyst for which a contralateral endoscopic approach was taken for the surgery. Endoscopic cyst fenestration is an ideal modality to treat neuroglial cyst. The contralateral endoscopic approach to treat neuroglial cyst is a better option with the advantage of minimal invasiveness along with better visualization of ventricles and easy maneuverability of the endoscope within the ventricles and surrounding anatomy.
The interaction between Nunation and English definiteness: the case of L1 Najdi and Hijazi speakers
Authors: Alzamil Abdulrahman
Published: November 2023

Various factors affect second language (L2) use of English. One of these is the first language (L1) influence on L2, in relation to the way L1 grammaticalises articles. Nunation is considered to be an Arabic indefinite article by a number of Arabic grammarians. Najdi and Hijazi are two major dialects spoken in Saudi Arabia. Najdi has nunation, while Hijazi does not. In English, Najdi and Hijazi articles are used when the context is definite, which means that the in English and al- in Arabic are used regardless of the specificity setting. The present study examined whether the presence of nunation would affect the target and non-target uses of articles. That is, would English articles be used in the same way by both Najdi and Hijazi speakers? The sample was composed of 56 elementary-level secondary school students, of whom 24 were native speakers of Najdi; 24 were native Hijazi speakers and 8 were native English speakers. A multiple-choice test was utilised to gather the data. The results showed that: (a) both experimental groups used the statistically similarly; (b) the Najdi speakers’ overused a*; (c) the Hijazi speakers overused ø*; (d) both groups showed sensitivity to the specificity setting; (e) the presence of nunation in the L1 affects L2 learners’ use of articles.
First-principles study of blue phosphorene and graphene intralayer heterostructure as anode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sui Chunjie , Ma Jiale , Zhao Songtao , Li Zhenyu
Published: November 2023

There is an ideal desire to develop the high-performance anodes materials for Liion batteries (LIBs), which requires not only high stability and reversibility, but also rapid charging/discharging rate. In this work, we built a blue phosphorene-graphene (BlueP-G) intralayer heterostructure by connecting BlueP and graphene monolayers at zigzag edges with covalent bonds. Based on the density functional theory simulation, the electronic structure of the heterostructure, Li adsorption and Li diffusion on heterostructure were systematically investigated. Compared with the pristine BlueP, the existence of graphene layer increases the overall conductivity of BlueP-G intralayer heterostructure. The significantly enhanced adsorption energy indicates the Li deposition on anode surface is energetically favored. The fast diffusion of Li with energy barrier as low as 0.02–0.09 eV indicates the growth of Li dendrite could be suppressed and the stability and reversibility of the battery will be increased. With a combination of increased conductivity of electronic charge, excellent Li adsorption and Li mobility on surface, BlueP-G intralayer heterostructure with zigzag interface is quite promising in the application of anode material for Li-ion batteries.
Preparation and characterization of ionic conductive eutectogels based on polyacrylamide copolymers with long hydrophobic chain
Authors: Zhang Minhao , Zhou Qiang , He Jiaqing , Xie Yongjun , Yang Haiyang , He Weidong
Published: November 2023

With the blooming development of electronic technology, the use of electron conductive gel or ionic conductive gel in preparing flexible electronic devices is drawing more and more attention. Deep eutectic solvents are excellent substitutes for ionic liquids because of their good biocompatibility, low cost, and easy preparation, except for good conductivity. In this work, we synthesized a reactive quaternary ammonium monomer (3-acrylamidopropyl)octadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide with a hydrophobic chain of 18 carbons via the quaternization of 1-bromooctadecane and N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide at first, then we mixed quaternary ammonium with choline chloride, acrylic acid and glycerol to obtain a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, and initialized polymerization in UV light of 365 nm to obtain the ionic conductive eutectogel based on polyacrylamide copolymer with long hydrophobic chain. The obtained eutectogel exibits good stretchability (1200%), Young’s modulus (0.185 MPa), toughness (4.2 MJ/m3), conductivity (0.315 S/m). The eutectogel also shows desireable moisture resistance with the maximum water absorption of 11.7 wt% after one week at 25 °C and 60% humidity, while the water absorption of eutectogel without hydrophobic long chains is 24.0 wt%. The introduction of long-chain hydrophobic groups not only improves the mechanical strength of the gels, but also significantly improves moisture resistance of the eutectogel. This work provides a simpler and more effective method for the preparation of ionic conductive eutectogels, which can further provide a reference for the applications of ionic conductive eutectogels in the field of flexible electronic devices.
Electron affinities in the periodic table and an example for
As
Authors: Yan Shuaiting , Lu Yuzhu , Zhang Rui , Ning Chuangang
Published: November 2023

Based on our previous analysis of electron affinities of atoms and structures of atomic negative ions [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 021502 (2022)], this review provides a concise presentation of the electron affinities of atoms. We briefly describe and compare three commonly used experimental methods for determining electron affinities to highlight their respective advantages and disadvantages. To illustrate the features of the slow electron velocity-map imaging method utilized in our current study, we conducted measurements on the electron affinity of As and excited states of its anion. The electron affinity of As was determined to be 6488.61(5) cm−1 or 0.804485(6) eV. The fine structures of As− were well resolved, with values of 1029.94(18) cm−1 or 0.12770(3) eV for 3P1 and 1343.04(55) cm−1 or 0.16652(7) eV for 3P0 above the ground state 3P2, respectively.
Search for the vulnerable giants: the presence of giant guitarfish and wedgefish in the Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters
Authors: Alghozali Faqih Akbar , Gustianto Muhammad Wiralaga Dwi , Hanifah Ashma , Nadia Maula , Widyastuti  , Prabhu Nauvan , Adhim Lufni Fauzil , Nurhaliza Khansa Alifa , Booth Hollie , Ichsan Muhammad , Prasetyo Andhika , Ichida Nesha
Published: November 2023

Context Giant guitarfish (Family: Glaucostegidae) and wedgefish (Family: Rhinidae) (Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List and CITES Appendix II) are highly exploited throughout their distribution because of their highly valued fins in the international market. Both are commonly caught as bycatch or secondary valuable catch in the Java Sea, including in Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Aims Assess the presence and relative abundance of giant guitarfish and wedgefish species in Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters. Methods Data were collected using baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys across 40 sites, covering multiple zonation areas and depth ranges. All species were identified to the species level and their relative abundance was tested with one-way PERMANOVA based on sites, zonation areas and depths. Key results Two target species, Glaucostegus typus and Rhynchobatus australiae, were present in the study area with a maximum number of 3 and 6 and relative abundance of 0.0048 and 0.0096 respectively, over 477 BRUVs and 623.9 h of videos. Their presence during the study was not affected by sites, zonations or depth. Implications The presence and relative abundance of both G. typus and R. australiae were low, which may be a result of decades of overfishing, and have provided the first information to the urgency of managing the species in the areas.
Introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) have greater variation in DNA methylation than native house sparrows
Authors: Lauer M Ellesse , Kodak Haley , Albayrak Tamer , Lima Marcos R , Ray Daniella , Simpson-Wade Emma , Tevs David R , Sheldon Elizabeth L , Martin Lynn B , Schrey Aaron W
Published: November 2023

As a highly successful introduced species, house sparrows (Passer domesticus) respond rapidly to their new habitats, generating phenotypic patterns across their introduced range that resemble variation in native regions. Epigenetic mechanisms likely facilitate the success of introduced house sparrows by aiding particular individuals to adjust their phenotypes plastically to novel conditions. Our objective here was to investigate patterns of DNA methylation among populations of house sparrows at a broad geographic scale that included different introduction histories: invading, established, and native. We defined the invading category as the locations with introductions less than 70 years ago and the established category as the locations with greater than 70 years since introduction. We screened DNA methylation among individuals (n = 45) by epiRADseq, expecting that variation in DNA methylation among individuals from invading populations would be higher when compared with individuals from established and native populations. Invading house sparrows had the highest variance in DNA methylation of all three groups, but established house sparrows also had higher variance than native ones. The highest number of differently methylated regions were detected between invading and native populations of house sparrow. Additionally, DNA methylation was negatively correlated to time-since introduction, which further suggests that DNA methylation had a role in the successful colonization’s of house sparrows.
The menopause
Authors: Ginsburg Jean
Published: November 2023

The menopause is now a fashionable topic. The spate of articles in women’s journals and daily papers, and the questions raised on radio ‘phone-ins’ and on television chat shows, reflect a widespread interest in the climacteric.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Smith Roger
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis is defined as a ‘reduction in the amount of bone per unit volume without any change in its composition’. Although it is simple to provide a definition, osteoporosis can be difficult to diagnose, especially when the reduction of bone mass is small. There are two additions to this definition. The first defines osteoporosis as a ‘reduction in bone mass by more than two standard deviations (SD) below the mean for a young adult population (i.e. at the time of peak bone mass)’; the second defines osteoporosis as a ‘reduction in the amount of bone sufficient to predispose to fracture’. (Since there are many causes of fracture, such as falls, which are independent of osteoporosis, this is necessarily imprecise). The term osteopenia, i.e. a reduction in the amount of bone, has an attraction for some. It defines the initial phases of bone loss, without structural failure, when prevention is likely to be most successful.
The relationship of elderly women to their doctors
Authors: Sidell Moyra
Published: November 2023

Women, and particularly elderly women, have a lot to do with doctors, Women live longer than men, but unfortunately this is not without cost to them, Nathanson’s claim that ‘women get sick, but men die’1 is borne out by morbidity statistics, which show that women’s greater longevity results in the accumulation of chronic diseases and conditions th.at, although not life-threatening, are likely to be symptomatic. Elderly women frequently experience bereavement, which can result in a good deal of emotional pain and sometimes psychological disturbance. The obvious person to tum to for help for these various physical, psychological, and social syrnptoms is the GP, and women do consult their GPs more than do men at any age-group.
Infections of the central nervous system
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin
Published: November 2023

The three major groups of infections of the central nervous system: meningitis, encephalitis, and focal suppurative disease-all require urgent therapy if scriou sequaclae are to be avoided. This therapy will almost always need to be undertaken in hospital and, hence, the principal requirement of the general practitioner is the ability to recognize the danger signals that should urge prompt referral. The importance of these infections stems from their catastrophic effect if they are mismanaged rather than their frequency, bul as they all present in primary care they are described in some detail here.
Generalized infections
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin
Published: November 2023

This chapter includes infections that affect several or most of the body systems and which do not therefore fit naturally into other Chapters of this book. The immunization of children has substantially modified the pattern of childhood viral illnesses. Nevertheless, these infections, which also may occur infrequently in adults, still comprise an important part of general practice and they will be discussed in some detail here.
Principles of patient management
Authors: Lawrence Martin , Neil Andrew , Mant, David , Fowler Godfrey
Published: November 2023

In developing guidelines for clinical management, any recommendation should be based, so far as possible, on evidence. The first two parts of this book provide the evidence for and against intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. This chapter lists recommendations for activity in practice, referencing back to Parts I & II of the book where appropriate. External recommendations or guidelines are not appropriate for direct incorporation into practice (see Chapter 22, page 313-4), but need to be adapted by practices according to their particular clinical circumstances. The statements in this chapter, and the evidence in the book which supports them, are intended to help practices formulate their own policies and protocols for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Nerve injury
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

Nerve injuries occur within the spinal cord, at nerve roots, in the plexuses, and in peripheral nerves; and the examination is different for suspected injuries at each level. Thus to exclude a nerve root lesion in a patient with neck pain one needs to examine at least one muscle group supplied by each root from C5 to T1 and the sensation within each dermatome (see Chapter 18). The neurological examination for a peripheral nerve injury should look at the motor power and sensation in the areas supplied by any nerve which could be injured. Between the roots and the nerves is the brachial plexus where an injury will produce a different pattern of signs.
Chronic pain and its medical and surgical management in renal cystic diseases
Authors: Segura Joseph W , King Bernard F , Jowsey Sheila G , Martin Patricia , Zincke Horst
Published: November 2023

Pain, located in the abdomen, flank, or back is the most common initial com plaint in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and, at some point in the course of the disease, affects the majority of patients (Dalgaard 1957; Iglesias et al. 1983, Gabow et al. 1984). The pain can be caused by cyst enlargement; bleeding (either confined to inside a cyst or leading to gross haematuria with passage of clots, or to a perinephric haematoma); urinary tract infection (acute pyelonephritis, infected cyst, perinephric abscess); nephrolithia sis and renal colic; rarely a coincidental renal cell carcinoma.
What happens in a head injury
Authors: Gronwall Dorothy , Wrightson, Philip , Waddel Peter
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we will try to explain the ways in which the brain may be damaged in an accident, and the effects that this damage can cause. We have found that most families and injured people want to know more about this, and that it seems to help them both in the early days after the accident and in dealing with the problems that come later. You should remember that we are describing a wide range of possibilities, and that the person that you are concerned with may have been affected in only one or two of the ways we will be talking about. If you are in doubt about anything, or if what we say worries you, talk it over with the doctor who has been your contact at the hospital or clinic, or with your family doctor.