bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Light Using on the Number of Giant Lift Net Catches in Barru District, Indonesia
Authors: Husniati  , Ghaffar Mukhlisa A.
Published: June 2023

Aims: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of light on the catches of the Giant lift net.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted for six months, from March to August 2022. The research was carried out in the waters of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province.
Methodology: Data collection was carried out using survey and interview methods as well as literature studies. Field data collection is carried out by participating in direct operations with fishermen. Primary data includes catch (main catch), data on the duration of the stages of catching (setting time, towing time, and hauling time).  The data collected from the interviews are the catch (species, kg/trip, tail/trip) and the trip period. Sampling of the catch is done by taking the fish caught by the Giant lift net per trip. Furthermore, data regarding the description of the Giant lift net was carried out by means of interviews, observations and direct measurements of fishing gear. Secondary data (desk study) will be obtained from an inventory of official publications and fisheries statistical data from the local government.
Results: The effectiveness of using the number of lamps and the wattage of the lamps is directly proportional to the catch, the more and brighter the LED lights are used, the more catches will be. The most optimal watt size used in the operation of the Giant lift net is 300-400 watts. The color of the light that is good for using the Giant lift net operation is white.
Coins of the Contemporary Period of Afghanistan
Authors: Arify Mujtaba
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to know the specifications, minting, and usage of contemporary coins in Afghanistan, which can be an important step in identifying the history of Afghanistan by studying it. Before the appearance of coins, all transactions were done in kind, which was called kind-to-kind exchange or barter. Since the barter exchange was associated with many difficulties and did not provide for the needs of the general public considering the variety of products, advances, and achievements, precious metals such as copper, silver, and gold were traded as a means of exchange, which made the exchange process easier and more effective. This process continued with the minting of coins. In Afghanistan, transactions were started by barter, and different coins were used in different periods. Some of these coins were minted outside the borders of Afghanistan, and some were minted inside the country. In later periods, the kings of Afghanistan's contemporary history, such as Ahmad Shah Abdali, his sons, and descendants, as well as Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan Kalkani, Muhammad Nader Khan, Muhammad Zahir Shah, and Muhammad Dawood Khan, also minted coins. In this article, an attempt will be made to identify the coins of the contemporary period of Afghanistan, to analyze the collected materials later, and to provide answers to the questions raised in the research.

By studying the historical text and the documentary evidence that exists in the archives, museums, and bazaars of the center of Afghanistan, it is clear that the kings of the contemporary history of Afghanistan started minting coins to solve economic problems and issues related to financial issues. Because in the governance of an important part after human power, the issue of economy is very important, it is also clear in the multiplicative process that Afghanistan was in a state of progress at that time compared to the current situation because it solves all its monetary needs by itself, and in the important parts of this land, there was minting, one example of which is currently in Kabul, which people call the machine house, where coins and military issues were made during the modern history of Afghanistan.
Using Paclobutrazol and Leaf-to-fruit-ratio as Tools for Improving Yield and Quality of Non-dwarfing High-density Peach Orchards
Authors: Sharma Shashi K. , Dhar Sukjai
Published: June 2023

Excessive fruit set and foliar shading are the major deterrents to the economic productivity of peach orchards raised on vigorous rootstocks. With the objective of obtaining an appropriate level of crop together with the best quality fruit from the high-density peach orchards, studies were conducted in the sub-Himalayan subtropics of Himachal Pradesh, India. In the Experimental orchard of the Department of Fruit Science, the premium Early Grande cultivar raised on non-dwarfing wild peach seedling rootstock was selected for the studies. The orchard soil was sandy loam soil with normal physico-chemical characteristics. The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial experimental design with paclobutrazol (PBZ) and leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR) treatment factors; three levels of PBZ viz. P1-1500 ppm, P2-2500 ppm, P3-0 ppm and four levels of LFR i.e. L1-30:1, L2-40:1, L3-50:1 and L4 - normal leaf number were tried. The findings revealed that 2500 ppm PBZ together with 40:1 LFR treatment not only reduced the number of days from full bloom to maturity but also improved fruit thinning. The fruit retention was recorded better with 1500 ppm PBZ and 50:1 LFR; however, the yield was recorded highest with 2500 ppm PBZ and 40:1 LFR treatments. This treatment combination also resulted in better overall fruit quality in terms of fruit surface colour, total soluble solids, firmness, acidity, sugars etc. The control over vegetative growth was also observed better under this treatment combination.
Physiological Parameters and Yield of Green Gram As Influenced By Weed Management Practices
Authors: Udhaya A. , Rathika S. , Ramesh T. , Janaki D. , Jagadeesan R.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli during Summer, 2021 to evaluate the weed management practices in green gram. The study comprised of eleven weed management practices with different combination viz., pre emergence (PE) application of Diclosulam at 17.5 g/ha, Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr 1 kg/ha, post emergence (POE) application of Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen 313 g/ha, Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinofop propargyl 187.5 g/ha, PE Diclosulam 17.5 g/ha fb POE Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen 313 g/ha , PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr 1 kg/ha fb POE Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen 313 g/ha, PE Diclosulam 17.5 g/ha fb POE Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinofop propargyl 187.5 g/ha, PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr 1 kg/ha fb POE Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinofop propargyl 187.5 g/ha, PE Pendimethalin1 kg/ha fb HW on 30 DAS, HW on 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control (UWC) in green gram. The results revealed that the highest plant height, number of branches  plant-1, DMP, LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR were registered in PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr at 1 kg ha-1 fb POE Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen at 313 g ha-1. The grain and haulm yields were also higher in PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr at 1 kg ha-1 fb POE Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen at 313 g    ha-1 and it was on par with PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr at 1 kg ha-1 fb POE Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinofop propargyl at 187.5 g ha-1. Hence, application of PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr at 1 kg ha-1 fb POE Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen at 313 g ha-1 was found to be the most viable option for getting higher growth and yield in green gram.
A Study of Iron Profile in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Ramashree K. , Mukerjee Tirthankar , Rakshith S. C. , Ramachandraprabhu H. D.
Published: June 2023

Background: Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural of functional impairement of ventricular filling or ejection of blood leading to cardinal manifestations of dyspnoea, fatigue, and fluid retention. In developed countries, the prevalence of known heart failure is generally estimated at 1% to 2% of the general adult population.

Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Iron deficiency (ID) with or without anemia has been commonly associated with HF. In view of this, the current study was undertaken to assess the iron profile in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objectives: This study aims at studying the prevalence, clinical correlates fuctional significance of iron deficiency in heart failure patients and to highlight the importance of iron deficiency in heart failure.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we have taken 60 patients who are above 18 years diagnosed to have heart failure, 30 patients had preserved ejection fraction, 30 patients had reduced ejection fraction, BNP, ECG, 2DECHO, haemogram, iron profile were done. This study is being undertaken to evaluate the prevalance of iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, Correlating iron levels with stage of heart failure , Correlating iron levels with length of stay in hospital.

Results: 22 patients of 30 patients in preserved ejection fraction group had iron deficiency. 23 patients of 30 patients in reduced ejection fraction had iron deficiency. The mean serum iron levels of the study participants with length of stay in hospital between 1-5 days, 6 – 10 days and 11 – 15 days were found to be 28.99 ± 17.55, 31.82 ± 17.15 and 35.37 ± 23.58 respectively. The association was found to be statistically significant between with length of stay in hospital and serum iron levels of the study participants.

The mean serum iron levels of the study participants in stage B, stage C and Stage D of heart failure were found to be 30.21 ± 20.57, 30.23 ± 17.02 and 20.63 ± 18.28 respectively. The association between stages of heart failure and serum iron levels of the study participants was not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion and Interpretation: In this study 73.33% in preserved EF group and 76.66% in reduced EF group had iron deficiency. The association was found to be statistically significant between with length of stay in hospital and serum iron levels of the study participants. The association between stages of heart failure and serum iron levels of the study participants was not found to be statistically significant.
A Study of the Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients to Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Kaur Sunpreet , Rajput Madhurendra Singh , Dhami Balveer Singh
Published: June 2023

Background: On a worldwide scale there is an increase in resistance in fungal infection (resistance,) which is crucial for people with compromised immune systems. One of the most frequent causes of fungal infections in these individuals is Candida fungus infection, which can have fatal consequences. This study aimed to investigate the (medication) antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Candida in HIV seropositive patients.

Methods: The study included a total of 674 Candida isolates. Candida was isolated from clinical samples using wet mount, Gram stain, and SDA culture. Germ tube test, cornmeal agar morphology, sugar assimilation, fermentation tests, and BACT/ALERT 3D were used to further speciate the organisms.

Results: Six and a half percent (6.5%) of the population was found to contain one or more Candida species. The most prevalent isolate was discovered to be 20 Candida tropicalis (45.45%), followed by 9 Candida albicans (20.45%), 7 Candida glabrata (15.9%), 4 Candida parapsilosis, and 4 Candida krusei. Antifungal susceptibility test performed by disk diffusion method revealed resistance to Amphotericin B in Candida tropicalis (25%), Candida albicans (33.33%) and Candida glabrata (28.5%).

Conclusion: The clinician can select the most efficient antifungal drug with the help of a quicker identification of the Candida species in immunocompromised patients, thereby resulting in lower treatment costs and shorter hospital stays.
Evaluation of Adaptogenic and Antidepressant Activity of Rhododendron arboreum Flower
Authors: Karki Subash , Rijal SaiBijaya , Swamy Shivakumar
Published: June 2023

Various medications are available to treat stress and depression, but there is a growing interest in plant-based drugs due to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. As a result, researchers conducted a study to evaluate the adaptogenic and antidepressant effects of extracts from Rhododendron arboreum flowers using different animal models. The adaptogenic activity of the extracts was tested in mice and rats using anoxia stress and swimming endurance stress-induced models. In the anoxia stress model, animals were placed in airtight containers, and any increase in their tolerance to anoxia was considered a positive effect. In the swimming endurance model, the researchers measured various biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, blood cell count, and organ weights in both stressed animals and animals treated with the extract. The decrease in biochemical parameters and maintenance of blood cell counts indicated adaptogenic activity. Additionally, the extract protected against increased liver and adrenal gland weight, and decreased spleen weight under stress conditions, further confirming its adaptogenic activity. The antidepressant effect was evaluated using the tail suspension test and elevated plus maze model, where immobility was used as a behavioral parameter. Significant adaptogenic and antidepressant activity was observed after treating the animals with the ethanolic extract of R. arboreum flowers at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Interestingly, the higher dose of the extract had a more pronounced effect compared to the lower dose.

Overall, this study provides compelling evidence supporting the significant adaptogenic and antidepressant activity of the ethanolic extract derived from R. arboreum flowers. The results suggest that the extract has the potential to help the body adapt to stress and exhibit antidepressant effects. Furthermore, the study highlights the extract's impact on various biochemical, hematological, and organ weight parameters in rats, indicating its  adaptogenic properties. The presence of flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin in the extract may contribute to its adaptogenic activity, while terpenes could be responsible for its antidepressant effects.
Fraud Detection of AD Clicks Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Neeraja  , Anupam  , Sriram  , Shaik Subhani , Kakulapati V.
Published: June 2023

Although all businesses face the possibility of fraud, those that rely on internet advertising face an especially high risk of click fraud, which may lead to inaccurate click statistics and unnecessary expenditures. The cost per click for advertising channels might skyrocket if enough people click on the ads. Internet advertising is becoming a significant revenue source for many websites. Under this model, advertisers pay the publisher a flat rate for each click-through from the ad to the advertiser's site. Since spending much on Internet advertising requires significant resources, the term "click fraud" refers to an attack tactic in which the perpetrator repeatedly clicks on a single link for the sole purpose of generating illicit revenue. By clicking on a pay-per-click (PPC) ad many times using a script, fraudsters may trick online advertisers into paying for clicks that never happened. We may use a variety of methods to identify click fraud anytime a human or computer program clicks on a particular link, and then use the click-through rate to ascertain whether the clicker is legitimate. This work provides a machine-learning strategy for predicting user click fraud, which will enable us to distinguish between fraudulent and legitimate clicks and, therefore, identify fraudulent users from legitimate ones. We have used KNN, SVC, and Random Forest models for this purpose.
Nourishing the Nation's Future: The Pioneering Role of Integrated Child Development Services in India's Effort to Combat Child Malnutrition
Authors: Aziz Fatima , Azeez N. P. Abdul
Published: June 2023

Background: In India, a considerable portion of the population suffers from undernutrition, contributing to poor health. Under and over-nutrition continue to pose a severe threat to the country despite the increase in economic development and significant measures taken by the Indian government to address the issue of the dual implications of malnutrition. India has the highest rates of underweight children worldwide. The Indian government has started several initiatives to address the issue of early childhood development. One such program with goals for nutrition intervention and early child development is called Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). 

Method: It focuses on the helping hand given by ICDS in reducing malnutrition in children aged 0-5 years by comparing data from the National Family Health Survey rounds conducted in India during 2005-06 and 2015-16. The study utilizes several parameters to highlight the program contribution, such as the nutritional status of children, Anemia, immunization coverage, antenatal care, health care, and child mortality. It also highlights the main issues and challenges the policymakers face in implementing the ICDS program.

Results: ICDS program has significantly improved in providing services to the beneficiaries, including children aged 0-59 months and pregnant and lactating women.

Conclusion: Despite several positive changes in ICDS schemes, the program failed to deliver the services efficiently nationwide. It has great potential to contribute to child development, but several loopholes need to be channelized properly.
ENSINO DE LITERATURAS NA UNILA E O CARÁTER HUMANIZADOR DO TEXTO LITERÁRIO
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna Otani
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho, recorte da tese de doutorado A literatura nas aulas de português e espanhol como língua adicional no ensino superior da UNILA (2021), tem como tema a literatura no ensino de Espanhol e Português como Língua Adicional, disciplinas obrigatórias aos cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA). Objetivou-se verificar se: 1) A literatura está presente nas aulas de Língua Adicional (LA) da UNILA?; 2) Caso não esteja, por que razão os textos literários não têm sido utilizados nas aulas de LA?; 3) Caso esteja, de que maneira tem sido trabalhada? Para responder a tais questões, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de um questionário a docentes de LA da universidade e amparou-se em teóricos que defendem o caráter humanizador da literatura, como Cosson (2014), Candido (2004), Jover (2007) etc. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de maior inserção do texto literário nas aulas de LA e a falta de compreensão por parte de alguns docentes no que diz respeito à possível contribuição do ensino da literatura não somente no ensino de LA como também na concretização da missão e vocação da UNILA.
AL SUR DEL SUR
Authors: Domingo Luciana Contreira , Cardozo Gomes da Silva Renan
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho, filiado à Linguística Aplicada (LA), busca refletir sobre a produção de materiais didáticos para o ensino de espanhol em regiões de fronteira a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Em nosso contexto de atuação como professores de espanhol, adotamos os pressupostos teóricos da LA crítica suleada (PENNYCOOK, 2006; KLEIMAN, 2013) e da educação intercultural crítica (CANDAU, 2020, 2006; WALSH, 2010, 2009). Na primeira parte do artigo, descrevemos o contexto do qual falamos e para o qual produzimos; posteriormente destacamos os postulados dos estudos decoloniais - produção do Grupo Modernidad/ Colonialidad (M/C) - adotados no suleamento de nosso trabalho; concluímos descrevendo o caminho adotado na produção de material didático para o ensino de espanhol em regiões fronteiriças.
Intralesional Certolizumab for Refractory Lupus Pernio
Authors: Dunn Charles , Whitney Zackary , Foss Michael , Ambur Austin , Eubanks Stephen , Leavitt Adam , Nathoo Rajiv
Published: June 2023

This case report describes a patient with refractory lupus pernio that responded to treatment with a series of intralesional certolizumab injections.
Warning, may cause truth decay: Exploring the cannibalizing effect of social digital media and conspiracy theories on democracy and our public schools
Authors: Bartlett Tara
Published: June 2023

In this article, I examine how forms of new media, or social and digital media (SDM), can serve as conduits of participatory democracy while, at the same time, perpetuate the cannibalization of a cornerstone of democracy: public schools. I discuss how this new era of unprecedented access to content creation and dissemination has opened spaces and opportunities to spread misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation (MDM) about public schooling. I trace how forms of SDM are being used to perpetuate the anti‐CRT movement, foster attacks on LGBTQ+ students, and exacerbate the villainizing and doxing of educators and leaders in public schools. I then discuss the role of critical media literacy in a democracy to combat these movements, and offer suggestions and provocations to address these cannibalistic campaigns against public schools.
The way forward: Adult educators combating mis/disinformation via formal and informal education
Authors: Wright Robin Redmon
Published: June 2023

In this article, I discuss the academic field of adult education as it relates to critical media literacy, critical public pedagogy, social and civic activism, and higher education in this era many have labeled “post‐truth.” I ask readers to reconsider the traditional university tenure process and the academic publishing industry as outdated systems that indirectly support disinformation and misinformation by ignoring the impact of media on adult learning and participatory democracy. After discussing alternative methods for disseminating research and expertise, I close with thoughts on Paulo Freire's view of education as humanization in this time of technological domination.
Battling disinformation on the front lines of the pandemic: Physicians’ dual roles as healers and CML educators
Authors: Kalantari Annahieta , Kass Lawrence
Published: June 2023

“I got the vaccine, and it gave me COVID!” said the elderly woman who was vaccinated the day prior to her emergency department visit. A woman in her 50s, sitting at the bedside of her husband who is profoundly short of breath and barely able to speak due to COVID, states that neither of them will ever get vaccinated because “We don't want a vaccine that's going to mess with our DNA.” Another younger patient who arrived after an accident and required the operating room for his fracture repair states “COVID‐19 doesn't exist. I refuse testing,” after being informed of the hospital policy to test all patients going to the operating room. These statements are just the tip‐of‐the‐iceberg in the battle between COVID misinformation and patient care. In this article, the authors will address the history of misinformation and the education theories behind them, link these theories to COVID misinformation, and provide strategies on how to dispel COVID misinformation in the front lines.
Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Chaoying , Gong Jiaxing , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu Ziyu , Qian Ying , Lu Kejie , Zhou Siyi , Gu Tianyi , Wang Huiming , He Yong , Yu Mengfei
Published: June 2023

Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC‐related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long‐distance peripheral nerve injury.
Aquatic Diatoms‐Inspired Universal Adhesive Coacervates Triggered by Water
Authors: Sun Wen , Liu Tingwu , Zhang Xieli , Zhang Xu , Yan Qiuyan , Yin Jinghua , Luan Shifang
Published: June 2023

Adhesives with strong underwater adhesion performance are urgently needed in diverse areas. However, designing adhesives with long‐term stability to diverse materials underwater in a facile way is challenging. Here, inspired by aquatic diatoms, a series of novel biomimetic universal adhesives is reported that shows tunable performance with robust and long‐lasting stable underwater adhesion to various substrates, including wet biological tissues. The versatile and robust wet‐contact adhesives are pre‐polymerized by N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide, n‐butyl acrylate, and methylacrylic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide and spontaneously coacervated in water triggered by solvent exchange. The synergistic interaction between hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction allows the hydrogels with instant and strong adhesion to various substrate surfaces. The slowly formed covalent bonds enhance cohesion and adhesion strength in hours. The spatial and timescale‐dependent adhesion mechanism endows the adhesives with strong and long‐lasting stable underwater adhesion to be coupled with fault‐tolerant convenient surgical operations.
Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices
Authors: Li Jiawei , Cao Chun , Qiu Yiwei , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu
Published: June 2023

As the most fundamental unit of photonic integration, optical waveguides offer the possibility of developing efficient and practical photonic chips by facilitating the on‐chip integration of devices with different functions. Femtosecond direct laser writing (FsDLW), as a burgeoning 3D microfabrication technology, can realize the rapid formation of arbitrary optical waveguides without any mask inside versatile materials, such as crystalline dielectric crystals, glasses, polymers, and photoresists. This significant material‐independence allows FsDLW to combine different materials and manufacturing processes to implement a cross‐platform solution. This review first describes the different optical loss types and suitable measurement methods for different applicable scenes, then summarizes the two fabrication mechanisms and points out the general direction for adjusting the waveguide properties by fabrication processes. Finally, the application fields and development prospects of different materials are discussed by overviewing the characteristics of different materials and the material selection preferences of different devices. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of optical waveguides and processing technology via FsDLW.
Hypervalent Halogen Compounds in Electrochemical Reactions: Advantages and Prospects
Authors: Winterson Bethan , Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Wirth Thomas
Published: June 2023

The clean and facile electrochemical synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents is a fast growing field. In the past 5 years, a diverse number of reaction types have been established, from fluorinations, oxidative cyclizations, C−N and C−H couplings and oxidations. Electrochemistry is beneficial in terms of sustainability as the requirement for chemical oxidants is eliminated. This contributes to cleaner processes with limited by‐product waste. Often, the purification of iodine(III) compounds is simple, since electrolysis is performed in the absence stoichiometric oxidants. Significant breakthroughs have been made recently, including the first asymmetric application, electrocatalytic applications, and even the synthesis of bromine(III) reagents using similar methodologies.
Poor Cycling Performance of Rechargeable Lithium–Oxygen Batteries under Lean‐Electrolyte and High‐Areal‐Capacity Conditions: Role of Carbon Electrode Decomposition
Authors: Ono Manai , Saengkaew Jittraporn , Matsuda Shoichi
Published: June 2023

There is growing demand for practical implementation of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) due to their superior potential for achieving higher energy density than that of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Although recent studies demonstrate the stable operation of 500 Wh kg−1‐class LOBs, their cycle life remains fancy. For further improving the cycle performance of LOBs, the complicated chemical degradation mechanism in LOBs must be elucidated. In particular, the quantitative contribution of each cell component to degradation phenomenon in LOBs under lean‐electrolyte and high‐areal‐capacity conditions should be clarified. In the present study, the mass balance of the positive‐electrode reaction in a LOB under lean‐electrolyte and high‐areal‐capacity conditions is quantitatively evaluated. The results reveal carbon electrode decomposition to be the critical factor that prevents the prolonged cycling of the LOB. Notably, the carbon electrode decomposition occur during charging at voltages higher than 3.8 V through the electrochemical decomposition of solid‐state side products. The findings of this study highlight the significance of improving the stability of the carbon electrode and/or forming Li2O2, which can decompose at voltages lower than 3.8 V, to realize high‐energy‐density LOBs with long cycle life.
Polythiophene Derivatives for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: An Mingwei , Bai Qingqing , Jeong Sang Young , Ding Jianwei , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Bin , Liang Qiming , Wang Yimei , Zhang Guangye , Woo Han Young , Qiu Xiaohui , Niu Li , Guo Xugang , Sun Huiliang
Published: June 2023

Polymerized small molecule acceptors have recently greatly facilitated the development of all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs) with respect to the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, high‐performance and low‐cost polymer donors for All‐PSCs are still lacking, limiting further large‐scale manufacturing of All‐PSCs. Herein, this work designs and synthesizes a new thiophene derivative, FETVT, featuring vinyl‐bridged fluorine and ester‐substituted monothiophene. Incorporation of FETVT into a polymer yields a high‐performance polythiophene derivative PFETVT‐T, which exhibits deep‐lying HOMO level, suitable solution pre‐aggregation ability, finely‐tuned polymer crystallinity, and appropriate thermodynamic miscibility with the polymer acceptor L15. As a result, binary based on PFETVT‐T achieves a record PCE of 11.81% with agood stability, representing a breakthrough for polythiophenes and their derivatives‐based All‐PSCs, which is also significantly higher than that (1.92%) of All‐PSCs based on its isomerized analog. Remarkably, PFETVT‐T achieves an impressive PCE exceeding 16% via the implementation of a ternary blend design. These findings offer a hopeful pathway toward attaining high‐performance, stable, and cost‐effective PSCs.
Ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus and subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect in an African child with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Ekure Ekanem N. , Musa Kareem O. , Ulonnam Ngozi , Kruszka Paul , Muenke Maximilian , Adeyemo Adebowale A.
Published: June 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disease caused by mutation of the neurofibromin (NF1) gene located on chromosome 17q11. We report a case of Neurofibromatosis 1 with ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus, and associated subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect, hitherto unreported in sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, a literature review of congenital heart diseases associated with Neurofibromatosis 1 is presented.
Chemoselective Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Benzylic Amines Driven by the TEtraQuinoline/FeCl2 Complex
Authors: Nishiwaki Mizuki , Xu Wei , Kumagai Naoya
Published: June 2023

A chemoselective dehydrogenation protocol for benzylic amines catalyzed by the TEtraQuinoline (TEQ)/FeCl2 complex is described. In combination with 2 equiv of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, as little as 0.1 mol% of catalyst loading was sufficient to convert primary and secondary benzylic amines to the corresponding imines and dimerized imines, respectively. Subsequent hydrolysis of the imines allowed for removal of the benzyl group on the nitrogen atom. Nonaromatic carbon‐carbon multiple bonds and the O‐Bn group remained intact in the present protocol, providing a complementary deprotection procedure to reductive removal conditions exerted by Pd catalysis.
Alterations in Aquaporin‐4‐IgG Serostatus in 986 Patients: A Laboratory‐Based Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Majed Masoud , Valencia Sanchez Cristina , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Fryer James , Mulligan Martin D. , Redenbaugh Vyankya , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Wingerchuk Dean M. , Lennon Vanda A. , Weinshenker Brian , Chen John J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Pittock Sean J. , Kunchok Amy
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐IgG serostatus change using a large serological database.

Methods

This retrospective study utilizes Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory data from 2007 to 2021. We included all patients with ≥2 AQP4‐IgG tests (by cell‐based assay). The frequency and clinical factors associated with serostatus change were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined whether age, sex, or initial titer was associated with serostatus change.

Results

There were 933 patients who had ≥2 AQP4‐IgG tests with an initial positive result. Of those, 830 (89%) remained seropositive and 103 (11%) seroreverted to negative. Median interval to seroreversion was 1.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.4–3.5). Of those with sustained seropositivity, titers were stable in 92%. Seroreversion was associated with age ≤ 20 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–4.63; p = 0.028) and low initial titer of ≤1:100 (OR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.17–41.26, p < 0.001), and 5 had clinical attacks despite seroreversion. Among 62 retested after seroreversion, 50% returned to seropositive (median = 224 days, IQR = 160–371). An initial negative AQP4‐IgG test occurred in 9,308 patients. Of those, 99% remained seronegative and 53 (0.3%) seroconverted at a median interval of 0.76 years (IQR = 0.37–1.68).

Interpretation

AQP4‐IgG seropositivity usually persists over time with little change in titer. Seroreversion to negative is uncommon (11%) and associated with lower titers and younger age. Seroreversion was often transient, and attacks occasionally occurred despite prior seroreversion, suggesting it may not reliably reflect disease activity. Seroconversion to positive is rare (<1%), limiting the utility of repeat testing in seronegative patients unless clinical suspicion is high. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:727–735
Polymeric STING Pro‐agonists for Tumor‐Specific Sonodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Jie , He Shasha , Zhang Chi , Xu Cheng , Huang Jingsheng , Xu Mengke , Pu Kanyi
Published: June 2023

The efficacy of combination immunotherapy has been limited by tumor specificity and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Herein, we report the development of polymeric STING pro‐agonists (PSPA), whose sono‐immunotherapeutic efficacy is activated by sono‐irradiation and elevated glutathione (GSH) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). PSPA is composed of sonosensitizers (semiconducting polymer) and STING agonists (MSA‐2) via the GSH‐activatable linkers. Under sono‐irradiation, PSPA serves as a sonosensitizer to generate 1O2 and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant tumor cells. Furthermore, MSA‐2 is released specifically in tumor microenvironment with highly expressed GSH, minimizing off‐target side effects. The activation of the STING pathway elevates the interferon‐β level and synergizes with SDT to enhance the anti‐tumor response. Therefore, this work proposes a universal approach for spatiotemporal regulation of cancer sono‐immunotherapy.
The Power of Kinetic Inertness in Improving Platinum Anticancer Therapy by Circumventing Resistance and Ameliorating Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Panda Tushar Ranjan , M Manikandan , Vaidya Shreyas P. , Chhatar Sushanta , Sinha Suman , Mehrotra Megha , Chakraborty Sourav , Gadre Shubhankar , Duari Prakash , Ray Pritha , Patra Malay
Published: June 2023

Even in the modern era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, chemotherapy with platinum (Pt) drugs remains among the most commonly prescribed medications against a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, the broad applicability of these blockbuster Pt drugs is severely limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, and high systemic toxicity. Considering the strong interconnection between kinetic lability and undesired shortcomings of clinical Pt drugs, we rationally designed kinetically inert organometallic Pt based anticancer agents with a novel mechanism of action. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that the development of a remarkably efficacious but kinetically inert Pt anticancer agent is feasible. Along with exerting promising antitumor efficacy in Pt‐sensitive as well as Pt‐resistant tumors in vivo, our best candidate has the ability to mitigate the nephrotoxicity issue associated with cisplatin. In addition to demonstrating, for the first time, the power of kinetic inertness in improving the therapeutic benefits of Pt based anticancer therapy, we describe the detailed mechanism of action of our best kinetically inert antitumor agent. This study will certainly pave the way for designing the next generation of anticancer drugs for effective treatment of various cancers.
Object relations couple therapy for a married Korean man with sexual dysfunction
Authors: Koh Eun‐kook , Park Yangjin , Park Tai‐Young
Published: June 2023

This study uses James Donovan's object relations couple therapy to examine the triangle of focus (conflict style, couple characteristics, and family of origin) and triangle of conflict (anxiety, defence mechanisms, and hidden emotions) of a married Korean man with sexual dysfunction (reduced sexual desire, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction). This qualitative study uses thematic analysis to identify, describe, and analyse a family therapy case study. The aim of this study is to examine the couple's interaction patterns and experiences of conflicts related to the husband's erectile dysfunction. The researchers induced patterns or topics by repeatedly reading and comparing the data. Then, they textualised and analysed the relevant data. To ensure the reliability and validity of the data analysis, the researchers conducted shared coding sessions to review and discuss the initial codes and the generated main themes and subthemes, triangulating the qualitative data. Findings show that a newlywed husband's sexual dysfunction is associated with his emotional resistance towards his wife's unilateral pursuit over their sexual relationship and the negative emotions triggered by their dysfunctional interactions. Further, couple characteristics, conflict style (dysfunctional interactions), and family‐of‐origin factors (transference and patrilocality) influenced their sexual relationship. Therefore, therapists who counsel Korean couples with sexual issues may pay attention to the sociocultural factors, interactional patterns, and psychological factors associated with unresolved issues with their families of origin.
Highly efficient hydrogenation of furfural to valuable products catalysed by Rh (III), Pd (II), Ni (II), Fe (II) and Ru (II) half‐sandwich picolinamide and the SBA‐15 supported molecular complexes as pre‐catalysts
Authors: Moyo Pamela S. , Mehlana Gift , Matsinha Leah C. , Makhubela Banothile C. E.
Published: June 2023

Novel palladium, rhodium, iron, ruthenium and nickel half‐sandwich picolinamide complexes have been prepared and characterised in detail using high‐resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), multi‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD). All the systems proved to be active with good catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of furfural. Among the pre‐catalyst, C2 (Rh metal centre) displayed complete conversion (100%). Pre‐catalyst C5 (Ru metal centre) also resulted in excellent selectivity to EL (51%) and FA (49%). All the pre‐catalysts with early transition metal centres (Ni, Fe) gave selectivity towards FA (100%) under optimal conditions. Possible pathways for the formation of catalytically active have been proposed based on in situ NMR studies obtained using C2. Successful modification of molecular complexes (C2 and C3) on SBA‐15 resulted in supported molecular complexes (C2@SBA‐15 and C3@SBA‐15). Furthermore, the supported molecular catalysts were characterised using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), BET surface area, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). The supported molecular complex C2@SBA‐15 was recycled five times (with consistent activity and selectivity).
HPW supported on ammonium hexafluorosilicate modified Hβ: Efficient catalysts for ethylene glycol and methyl tert‐butyl ether reaction with high selectivity and stability
Authors: Jiang Hui , Wang Hefang , Ma Xiaofei , Shao Kai , Wang Cui
Published: June 2023

A series of HPW supported on ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFs) modified Hβ (30HPW/Hβ‐Si(x)) was successfully prepared. After Hβ zeolite was pretreated with 0.1 mol·L−1 AHF's solution, the Brønsted/Lewis ratio of Hβ‐Si(0.1) increased compared with those of Hβ, and the strong acid density of 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) decreased compared with those of 30HPW/Hβ respectively. Strong acidic sites and Lewis acid sites are catalytic sites for by‐products diisobutene and ethylene glycol oligomers, which deposited on the catalyst result in the deactivation of catalysts. According to the results of characterization, the internal Si‐OH groups of Hβ (strong acidity sites) were filled with silicon of AHFs. The extraframework aluminum (strong acid sites) was removed by the H+, which is the hydrolysis of AHFs. In addition, the hydrophobicity of 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) was also improved compared with that of 30HPW/Hβ due to the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of Hβ increased after treatment by 0.1 mol·L−1 AHFs solution. The 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) maintained an 80% conversion of methyl tert‐butyl ether and 100% selectivity to ethylene glycol mono‐tert‐butyl ether and DBE ethylene glycol bis‐tert‐butyl ether with 336 h of time on stream.
The future of anatomy teaching post‐pandemic: An academic viewpoint
Authors: Bond Alistair P. , Kelsey Alethea , Aitken Gill
Published: June 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused major disruption to anatomical teaching worldwide with both lectures and practicals being moved online. Throughout this period anatomists were able to find new and innovative ways to teach and to aid student learning via a variety of delivery modes. This study aimed to interview anatomists who were involved in teaching undergraduate medical students at UK universities to document the changes that occurred and to understand academic perceptions of pandemic delivery to comprehend how anatomy education may change in the long term. Results suggest that academics are likely to continue to deliver anatomical lectures online post‐pandemic akin to a flipped classroom approach, although caution was noted regarding ‘at‐risk’ student groups. No academics wished to see continued delivery of practical classes online, however, resources designed or invested in during the pandemic will be integrated into practical classes or pre‐class preparation allowing for a more complete student experience. No clear picture emerged as to the preferred way staff and students will communicate in the current post‐pandemic hybrid working environment and beyond. This will likely only be resolved when a new pattern of home working evolves in UK institutions. This report is the first to detail the academic vision of anatomy teaching in a post‐pandemic world and will be useful to those adapting to these changes and for those pedagogical researchers targeting where anatomical education research should focus moving forward.
Narrative review on open access institutional repositories and knowledge sharing in South Africa
Authors: Kodua‐Ntim Kwame
Published: June 2023

This brief communication conveys a critical assessment of the benefits, challenges, and potential of Open Access Institutional Repositories (OAIRs) for knowledge sharing in South Africa. The review identifies best practices and recommendations to promote and improve their usage. Researchers need training and support to understand guidelines and best practices for depositing their work. Limited funding for OAIRs can be addressed by government funding or exploring alternative models. Legal and policy frameworks must support OAIRs and ensure they comply with international standards. Proper management and indexing policies enhance institutional visibility and information retrieval. OAIRs promote collaboration and cooperation among researchers and provide a platform for knowledge sharing and feedback. Standardized platforms and frameworks ensure digital outputs are accessible and usable for the academic community. Sharing knowledge on self‐archiving encourages researchers to deposit their works. Formal reviews must focus on metadata and ensure that articles are from DHET‐accredited journals and that theses and dissertations meet institutional requirements. These efforts promote open access and preserve scholarly works for future generations.
Synthesis of hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5‐loaded albumin nanoparticles: biocompatibility and interaction mechanism
Authors: Qu Lingyan , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jianzhong , Huang Shaoyan , Liu Mingming
Published: June 2023

We aimed to synthesize hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5‐loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (HBNs) and investigate the compatibility and binding mechanism in simulated physiological environments. Here, to elucidate the morphology, biocompatibility, and formation mechanism of HBNs, techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, haemolysis test, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were applied. The thermodynamic parameters at body temperature (ΔS° = −26.7 J·mol−1·K−1, ΔH° = −3.20 × 104 J·mol−1, and ΔG = −2.35 × 104 J·mol−1) showed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry, which was formed by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. In addition, the conformational analysis showed that the microenvironment of fluorophores was altered with the adaptational protein secondary structural changes. Energy transfer occurred from the fluorophores to HES with a high possibility. All these results provided accurate and complete primary data for demonstrating the interaction mechanisms of HES with BSA, which helps to understand its pharmaceutical effects in blood.