bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformations of conscience
Authors: Biesaga Tadeusz
Published: March 2020

The paper presents a description of moral pseudo­norms, which displace proper moral norms from our consciousness and action as well as distort our morality. The study analyzes mainly the pseudo­norms that generate the fundamentals of legalism and their opposition – the fundamentals of moral anarchism. The first groups of pseudo­norms identifies morality with civil law, especially criminal law. On the other hand the other group of pseudo­norms, equates morality with what is spontaneous, impulsive, authentic.The paper analyzes not only the scope­ and content­related distortion of moral norms caused by the substitutes of morality, but it also reveals the reasons of creating the pseudo­ norms in our consciousness. These reasons are induced by the impact of the pride center and the concupiscent center on our value response and by preferring the extra­moral values over the moral ones. Exposing the mechanism of functioning of the pseudo­norms in our moral consciousness is useful not only for ethics but also for psychology and pedagogy as well as for self­education and moral development.
"Let us imagine...": Wittgenstein's Invitation to Philosophy
Authors: Savickey Beth
Published: March 2020

Wendy Lee-Lampshire writes that Wittgenstein’s conception of language has something valuable to offer feminist attempts to construct epistemologies firmly rooted in the social, psychological and physical situations of language users (1999: 409).  However, she also argues that his own use of language exemplifies a form of life whose constitutive relationships are enmeshed in forms of power and authority. For example, she interprets the language game of the builders as one of slavery, and questions how we read and respond to it.  She asks: “Who are ‘we’ as Wittgenstein’s reader(s)?” This is an important question, and how we answer offers insight not only into our own philosophical practices, but also into Wittgenstein’s use of language games. With the words “Let us imagine...”, Wittgenstein invites readers to participate in creative, collaborative, and improvisational language games that alter not only the texts themselves, but our relationship with others.
Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b-Decommissioned Fetal Enhancers are Linked to Kidney Disease
Authors: Guan Yuting , Liu Hongbo , Ma Ziyuan , Li Szu-Yuan , Park Jihwan , Sheng Xin , Susztak Katalin
Published: March 2020

Significance Statement

Cytosine methylation plays a key role in determining cell fate and response to stimuli. Using mice with kidney-specific deletion of genes encoding de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, the authors showed that these genes are responsible for methylation of gene regulatory regions that act as enhancers during kidney development but are then decommissioned in adult mice. Although the knock-out mice displayed no obvious kidney abnormalities at baseline, they showed resistance to induced AKI. The authors also discovered that human kidney disease risk loci were enriched on fetal regulatory regions (enhancers) that were decommissioned by Dnmt3a/3b and no longer active in the adult kidney. These findings suggest that adult kidney diseases could have a developmental origin and that genetic and epigenetic (such as Dnmt3a/3b) factors could converge on the same genetic regions resulting in kidney disease development.

Background

Cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark that dictates cell fate and response to stimuli. The timing and establishment of methylation logic during kidney development remains unknown. DNA methyltransferase 3a and 3b are the enzymes capable of establishing de novo methylation.

Methods

We generated mice with genetic deletion of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in nephron progenitor cells (Six2

Cre

Dnmt3a/3b) and kidney tubule cells (Ksp

Cre

Dnmt3a/3b). We characterized Ksp

Cre

Dnmt3a/3b mice at baseline and after injury. Unbiased omics profiling, such as whole genome bisulfite sequencing, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on whole-kidney samples and isolated renal tubule cells.

Results

Ksp

Cre

Dnmt3a/3b mice showed no obvious morphologic and functional alterations at baseline. Knockout animals exhibited increased resistance to cisplatin-induced kidney injury, but not to folic acid–induced fibrosis. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing indicated that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b play an important role in methylation of gene regulatory regions that act as fetal-specific enhancers in the developing kidney but are decommissioned in the mature kidney. Loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b resulted in failure to silence developmental genes. We also found that fetal-enhancer regions methylated by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b were enriched for kidney disease genetic risk loci. Methylation patterns of kidneys from patients with CKD showed defects similar to those in mice with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b deletion.

Conclusions

Our results indicate a potential locus-specific convergence of genetic, epigenetic, and developmental elements in kidney disease development.
ANALISIS DIFRAKSI SINAR-X DAN KARAKTERISASI ZnxFe(3-x)O4SEBAGAI PENYERAP GELOMBANG MIKRO OLEH PADA PERALATAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Authors: Yunasfi Yunasfi , Nurfadilah Siti , Mashadi Mashadi , Adi Wisnu Ari
Published: March 2020

ANALISIS DIFRAKSI SINAR-X DAN KARAKTERISASI ZnxFe(3-x)O4SEBAGAI PENYERAP GELOMBANG MIKRO OLEH PADA PERALATAN TELEKOMUNIKASI. Telah dilakukan analisis dan karakterisasi ZnxFe(3-x)O4 sebagai penyerap gelombang mikro pada peralatan telekomunikasi.. Sistem ZnxFe(3-x)O4 (dengan x = 0,50; 0,75; 1,0 dan 1,25) disintesis dengan mencampurkan serbuk Zn(NO3)2 dan Fe(NO3)3 sesuai dengan perbandingan molnya dengan metode sol-gel dan kemudian disintering pada suhu 1000 ºC selama 5 jam. Hasil refinement dari pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan nilai x<1 membentuk fasa ZnFe2O4 dan Fe2O3, untuk nilai x=1,0 membentuk fasa tunggal dari ZnFe2O4, sedangkan untuk nilai x>0 membentuk fasa ZnFe2O4 dan ZnO. Fasa ZnFe2O4 memiliki struktur spinel kubik (space group F d -3 m), parameter kisi  a = b = c = 8.428 Å, a = b = g = 90º. Fasa Fe2O3 memiliki struktur trigonal (space group R-3c),  parameter kisi  a = b = 5,03 Å dan c= 13,7 Å, a = b = 90º dan g=120º.  Fasa ZnO memiliki struktur kristal heksagonal (space group P 63 mc), parameter kisi a = b = 3,246 Å dan c = 5.198 Å, a = b = 90º dan g=120 º. Hasil pengukuran serapan gelombang mikro menunjukkan bahwa sistem ZnxFe(2-x)O4 dengan nilai x = 1,0 (ZnFe2O4) memiliki serapan gelombang mikro paling tinggi, yaitu ~ 91 %. Dengan demikian, ZnFe2O4 dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan penyerap gelombang mikro.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA SENYAWA BERTANDA 99mTc-KUERSETIN
Authors: Widyasari Eva Maria , Sriyani Maula Eka , Daruwati Isti , Halimah Iim , Nuraeni Witri
Published: March 2020

Berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan informasi di bidang kesehatan membuat masyarakat meyakini bahwa mengkonsumsi makanan yang kaya antioksidan penting untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti penyakit jantung dan kanker. Kuersetin merupakan senyawa flavonoid yang banyak ditemukan pada buah dan sayur yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Banyak penelitian yang telah membuktikan efektivitas kuersetin sebagai senyawa antikanker secara in-vitro, namun data pengujiannya secara in-vivo masih terbatas. 99mTc-kuersetin diharapkan dapat dijadikan radiotracer untuk mengetahui efektivitas senyawa kuersetin sebagai senyawa antikanker pada pengujian in-vivo menggunakan hewan percobaan. Namun sebelum dilakukan pengujian in-vivo untuk menjamin aplikasinya perlu dilakukan pengujian karakteristik fisiko-kimia sediaan 99mTc-kuersetin. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisiko-kimia dari senyawa 99mTc-kuersetin. Hasil penelitian karakteristik fisiko-kimia 99mTc-kuersetin menunjukkan bahwa kemurnian radiokimia sediaan 99mTc-kuersetin adalah 98,94 ± 0,30%. Sediaan 99mTc-Kuersetin ini bermuatan netral, memiliki nilai lipofilisitas dengan log (P) = 0,62 ± 0,05 dan dapat berikatan kuat dengan plasma darah dengan persentase sebesar 95,06 ± 1,34%. Berdasarkan nilai lipofilisitas sebesar 0,62 ± 0,05 diharapkan senyawa ini akan mudah terdistribusi kedalam jaringan organ sehingga diharapkan akan efektif sebagai senyawa bertanda penyidik kanker.
KARAKTERISASI UNSUR PM 2,5 PADA PERIODE KEBAKARAN HUTAN DI PEKANBARU DENGAN TEKNIK ANALISIS AKTIVASI NEUTRON
Authors: Kusmartini Indah , Adventini Natalia , Sari Dyah Kumala , Kurniawati Syukria , Lestiani Diah Dwiana , Santoso Muhayatun
Published: March 2020

Kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu penyebab kerusakan hutan yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Untuk mengetahui dampak kualitas udara akibat kebakaran hutan, telah dilakukan karakterisasi dan evaluasi cuplikan partikulat udara yang dikumpulkan pada periode terjadinya kebakaran hutan di Pekanbaru. Karakterisasi cuplikan telah dilakukan dengan metode AAN yang memiliki beberapa kelebihan antara lain sensitivitas tinggi, multiunsur dan limit deteksi yang rendah. Validasi metode dilakukan pengujian terhadap cuplikan bahan acuan SRM NIST 1648a Urban Particulate Matter. Konsentrasi massa saat terjadi kebakaran hutan di Pekanbaru terdeteksi 5 hingga 7 kali lebih tinggi dari kondisi normal. Hasil karakterisasi cuplikan telah terkuantifikasi 15 unsur (Al, Ca, Ti, Cl, Mn, As, Br, Na, K, As, Fe, Zn, Cr, Co, Sb). Output dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menggambarkan unsur utama yang menjadi indikator sumber pencemar yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai early warning dalam mengantisipasi bencana kebakaran hutan. Selain itu evaluasi unsur karsinogenik dan non-karsinogenik dapat menunjukkan resiko kesehatan masyarakat di sekitar lokasi kebakaran hutan yang secara tidak langsung dapat terpapar oleh emisi sumber partikulat udara.
Caracterización del ecosistema hídrico y su funcionamiento hidráulico Puerto Mazán, Loreto, Perú utilizando SIG
Authors: Gines T. Eber , Puño L. Napoleón , Vivar P. Oswaldo
Published: March 2020

Con el propósito de caracterizar el ecosistema hídrico y evaluar el funcionamiento hidráulico de Puerto Mazan, Loreto, Perú, se recuperaron imágenes satelitales del programa espacial Landsat de las bandas MSS, TM y ETM, Bandas 3,4,5; e imágenes satelitales del Google earth; las que fueron procesadas con los software ENVI 5, ERDAS ENGINE, Leowowrks y Arcgis 10. Se determinó que el sistema hídrico en el entorno de Puerto Mazan está caracterizado por: el Río Napo, Islas “AB” y “C”, meandros “2” y “4”, lóbulo “abandonado”-“9”, cauces alivio “7” y 6”, Río Mazán “8”. El funcionamiento hidráulico está definido por: Partidor de flujo en Rio Napo; Grado de libertad representado por meandro “2” y Lóbulo “abandonado”- “9”; cortas “1” previo al meandro “2” y corta “7” en el meandro “2”; aliviadero de demasías “7” que regula la entrada de flujo proveniente de la margen izquierda del Río Napo; Desarenador establecido por el Río Mazán y atenuador de magnitud de la velocidad de flujo proveniente de la margen izquierda del Río Napo.
Optimization of the built-in recuperator surface of recuperative burner according to the criterion of energy coefficient maximum
Authors: Biryukov A.B. , Lebedev A.N. , Gnitiev P.A. , Vlasov Ya.S.
Published: March 2020

The recuperative burners is a modern direction of reducing fuel consumption during the heat treatment of metals in furnaces. Their use can significantly reduce fuel consumption. Despite the evident advantages, the spread of such equipment is constrained due to its high cost. The research is conducted for determining ribs rational profile and optimizing mass and size characteristics of a built-in recuperator. There are results that make it possible to reduce either the recuperator mass or its aerodynamic resistance. However, such changes contradict each other, so a compromise solution must be found. Currently, there are no generally accepted methods of thermotechnical calculations for recuperative burners. This work aims to develop a methodology to optimize the built-in recuperator surface according to the criterion of maximizing the energy coefficient. To conduct the study, the elements of recuperative heat exchange theory for counter-flow media were used. The proven methodology for determining the temperature of heated air and cooled combustion products after recuperator was applied. Also, the known concept of energy coefficient was used for the research. A technique has been developed to optimize the surface of the incorporated heat exchanger according to the criterion of maximizing the energy coefficient. The technique includes composing an expression for determining the energy coefficient, taking its derivative and equating it to zero with further solving the obtained equation with respect to heat exchange surface. The developed method was used in the recuperative burner with the thermal power of 500 kW. For the range of heat transfer coefficient 75–200 W/(m2·K) associated to the smoothtube part, a fifth-degree polynomial has been determined which describes the dependence of the smoothtube part optimal value of a built-in recuperator surface on the heat transfer coefficient. The developed technique is important for recuperative burners design, for increasing their efficiency and reducing their production cost. The methodology error associated with the assumption that the heat transfer coefficient is constant when the length of the built-in recuperator changes does not exceed 5 %.
Development of a high-quality brushless dc electric drive systems model
Authors: Abuziarov T.H. , Plehov A.S. , Dar’enkov A.B. , Ermolaev A.I.
Published: March 2020

When designing electric drives based on brushless DC motors with permanent magnets (BLDC), which have low level torque pulsations, the problem of modelling non-standard topological solutions appears. The known models of BLDC motors are either based on the assumptions about the symmetry of the stator pa-rameters of the electric motor and/or the ideal form of the phase back-EMF waveform, which reduce the accuracy of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed solutions or prove unusable for modelling an operation of the electric motor with a non-standard semiconductor converter. It is necessary to develop a mathematical model of the BLDC motor-based electric drive that takes into account the structural features of the electric motor and allows for semiconductor converter configuration variability. The model is designed in the Matlab Simulink environment. The verification is carried out by comparing the modelling results with experimental data obtained previously by other researchers. The proposed method for generating phase back-EMF in the BLDC motor model provides the possibility for the user to set the EMF form templates independent for each phase. The proposed method for stator circuit simulating provides the user with access to each of the stator windings leads as well as with the possibility of asymmetric determination of each parameter of the electric motor. Upon verification, it has been shown that the difference in the control points between the simulated and experimental speed-torque curves does not exceed 3,5 %. The developed model allows analyzing the static and dynamic characteristics of operation modes of non-standard topology BLDC motor-based electric drives taking into account the stator pa-rameters asymmetry and the real phase back-EMF waveform. The specified features of the model allow exploring the operation of the designed electric drive, taking into account the BLDC motor and converter design. The model can be applied when checking atypical design decisions and when changing the set parameters of the electric drive and restrictions on working conditions and target functions to refine the control system algorithms and automate the search for optimal parameters of the motor and the semiconductor converter.
TO THE CONCEPT OF A PROTECTED OPERATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyjv, Ukraine, Bychkov Oleksii
Published: March 2020

At the present stage of the use of information technologies in society, the issue of information protection becomes important. Operating systems play a major role in this. They are assigned the role of protectors of all user data and access rights. The authors of the article were tasked with proposing a classification of the use of operating systems and with the requirements for mechanisms of protection of information under this classification. In the article: - the existing security standards that are implemented in modern operating systems are analyzed. Existing security standards are outlined (Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria «Orange Book», TCSEC, ISO 17799). In the Orange Book, a trusted system is defined as "a system that uses sufficient hardware and software to provide simultaneous processing of information of varying secrecy by a group of users without violating access rights." Security mechanisms and security classes of modern operating systems and BS 7799 security management model are also considered; this standard contains a systematic, complete, universal list of safety regulators, useful for the organization of almost any size, structure and scope information security management system. The standard Information Security Management System (ISMS) refers to the proportion of the overall riskbased management system designed to design, implement, control, maintain and improve information security activities. This system consists of organizational structures, policies, planning actions, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources; - the analysis of the mechanisms of the complex system of information security (CSIS) and security, which are implemented in modern operating systems; - classification of operating system usage variants in information and telecommunication systems is offered. Requirements for information security mechanisms for operating systems according to the proposed classification are defined;
Teenage Bullying: Directions for Helping and Preventative Work
Authors: Volkova E.N.
Published: March 2020

The article includes results of the theoretical and empirical studies of bullying among teenagers. This studies made by Russian and foreign researchers might form the basis for prevention program in educational environment and treatment programs for bullying participants. Personal characteristics of bullies, victims and witnesses define the mechanisms and content of treatment and prevention programs. Analysis of relations in the family of a teenager together with assessment of school environment, most importantly relations between teachers and other subject of educational process, are the key elements of preventive work. The main strategy of bullying prevention should be focused on changing the behavior of all subjects involved in education, mostly adults: parents and teachers, not only the teenagers. The key addressees of prevention are the teenagers who witness bullying. Bullying prevention programs in educational environment must be culturally adapted.
Formation of Professional and Personal Identity of Additional Education Teachers
Authors: Svobodina Y.V. , Khristoforova E.V.
Published: March 2020

The article highlights the results of research work aimed on the theoretical justification and experimental verification of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional identity of teachers of additional education in the process of their professional activity. As part of the theoretical justification, the concept of “identity” is considered in the context of personal development and professional formation, the mechanisms of its formation and the criteria for assessing the level of professional and personal identity of teachers are determined; diagnostic techniques for experimental research were selected and interactive training forms and methods for working with teachers were determined. As a part of the experimental activities results’ examination, a description is given of a modular psychological and pedagogical program for the formation of a professional-personal identity of additional education teachers “The basics of professional and personal growth” and the results of a monitoring study of its effectiveness.
Impact of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior at Dhaka City
Authors: Tinne Wahida Shahan
Published: March 2020

Package becomes an ultimate selling proposition stimulating impulse buying behavior, increasing market share and reducing promotional costs. Packaging is known as the physical appearance of the product that includes design, color, shape, label and materials of a product. It is also used as a marketing tool to get the consumers’ attention. Packaging is considered as all the activities of designing and producing the container for a product. Due to changing consumers’ life-style and increasing self-service, the packaging is considered as fifth ‘P’ along with the other 4ps – product, price, place, and promotion. The main objective of this paper is to find out the impact of packaging on consumers at Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The logit analysis is used to identify the impact of packaging on consumer buying behavior. The researcher has identified seven variables that found in previous researches of the impact of packaging. The dependent variable is Consumer Buying Behavior Dependent on Packaging. The independent variables are Packaging Color, Background Image, Packaging Material, Font Style, Design of Wrapper, Printed Information and Innovation. The questionnaire is designed on Likert Scale where consumers are asked to put a tick mark on seven statements. These seven statements are selected based on variables that found in previous researches of the impact of packaging. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling. The researcher tries to find out customers who have shown interest in survey and respondents are asked questions who usually take major purchase decisions for the family consumption. So in this study, convenience sampling is applied. The sample size is 120. Sampling Area is Banani, Dhanmondi, Gulshan, and Shyamoli. It is focused on the specific areas only. It can be done in an extensive way. The sample can be large. Statistical tools SPSS is used to find out the relationship of the hypothesis of the impact of packaging on consumers of Dhaka city in Bangladesh.
An Appraisal of Economic Dimension in Nigeria’s Multilateral Diplomacy
Authors: Talibu Oladimeji
Published: March 2020

Nigeria’s multilateral economic policy has come under scrutiny and criticism in recent years from policy quarters and informed publics. This becomes necessary because of the perceived policy discrepancy between policy intention and outcome. Most Nigerians, especially from the academia and policy quarters, continue to reassess Nigeria’s place in international institutions vis-à-vis its national goals and interests. This article is therefore an extension of such exercise, to assess and explore a section of Nigeria’s involvement in multilateral institutions since 1960, the year of independence. It explores and assesses the economic aspect of Nigeria’s multilateral policy and seeks to appraise what Nigeria has benefitted from its decades of involvement in multilateral organizations. In achieving this, the article uses latent content analysis to mine data from existing documents, journal articles, newspapers, and policy papers to dissect the process of multilateralism in Nigeria’s foreign policy. In addition, the article takes into consideration the use of hermeneutics approach, which is premised on the interpretation of all available evidence, to arrive at objectivity.
Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población adolescente
Authors: Toro Jennifer , Ardila Cristhian , Figueroa Jazmín , Linares Angélica , Fonseca Johan
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio descriptivo de tipo tranversal  tiene como objetivo describir las prevalencias de consumo y factores de riesgo y protección de 263 estudiantes de grados octavo y noveno de tres instituciones educativas del municipio de San Carlos de Guaroa, Meta. La investigación encontró que el 78,1 % de los participantes ha consumido alcohol por lo menos una vez en su vida. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo el 51,3 % de los estudiantes tienen una percepción de bajo riesgo frente al consumo de drogas; en contraste, el factor el protección que más se promueve en la comunidad estudiantil  que es el reconocimiento por la participación pro social – pares (67,3 %).
FINANCIAL COMPONENT OF ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE ON BASIS OF BSC
Authors: P. V. Gudz  , M. V. Gudz  , I. S. Sydoruk  , A. Yu. Kunaiev
Published: March 2020

The current trends in the aircraft building market are highlighted and the transformation need of the management system from the industrial to the partner model of the aviation products manufacture are actualized. The prerequisites for the target approach usage to assessing the management effectiveness are substantiated. The research methodology based on the use of the balanced indicator system BSC and the author adapted model of the key indicators of the company's efficiency for assessing the management effectiveness of the aircraft building enterprise is proposed. Such indicator was defined the social responsibility of business — an integrated indicator of the value of the enterprise for the society in order to improve the quality of life. At forming of the system of evaluation indexes certainly main principles of their construction: simplicity and visibility of the indicator system; limited number of indicators; the ability to measure indicators; determining the impact of each indicator on the enterprise efficiency as a whole. In order to evaluate the financial component of achieving the long-term goals on the basis of the BSC model and within the financial policy of JSC «Motor Sich» the following indicators have been chosen:  return on equity, turnover assets, value of capital, structure of equity capital, loan interest rate, market size, market companies share, sales profitability, net profit per one share, coefficient of gross change ratio, coefficient of production cost factor, coefficient of administrative expense ratio, coefficient of implementation costs and coefficient the ratio of net profit. Research results specify on the positive changing — increase on the enterprise of efficiency of management operating charges. The factors of their negative influence on the possibility of achieving the strategic goal of the enterprise have been determined on the basis of their calculation and quantitative data analysis: According to the criteria of the financial component of the activity of the aircraft building enterprise, trends of changes were determined and the depth of deterministic influence of the indicators of efficiency of JSC «Motor Sich».
MEANS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Yu. M. Zhornokui  , I. M. Vahanova  , O. V. Soboliev  , I. V. Borysov
Published: March 2020

The authors of the article have analyzed certain economic characteristics of private investment of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the European Union (hereinafter — the EU). It has been noted that, unlike public funding from the EU Member States and Structural Funds investment, it is appropriate to pay attention to the investment mechanisms used in the private sector to support small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship in the EU, which has its own specificity and sources. The features of such sources as bank lending, corporate and venture investing, as well as financing provided by business angels have been studied. It has been noted that bank loans for innovative enterprises in the EU have become more accessible, but the collateral requirements imposed by banks remain high. The reasons for the low level of corporate investment of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter — SMSEs) in some Member States are the lack of a developed culture of partial investment and the specificity of information exchange between companies and investors. The level of venture capital usage is low and, as a consequence, only a small number of SMSEs are attractive to venture capitalists’ investments. On the other hand, business angels are quite selective about investment objects. This determines their main activity at the stage of initial implementation of innovative projects.

It has been concluded that a large proportion of SMEs face serious problems in accessing investment resources, and there are significant differences between countries, directly, in such areas as debt financing and, therefore, SMEs’ financing in Europe. is not homogeneous. Despite the large number of support instruments for investing such enterprises in the EU, successful implementation of initiatives does not occur in all countries and has a heterogeneous effect. In order to create a successful EU policy on supporting SMEs there is the need in more in-depth understanding of the problems and specificities of financing SMEs of the EU Member States.
СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО ФІНАНСОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ
Authors: H. V. Zaporozhets  , A. E. Fedorenko  , O. V. Yakimenko  , O. O. Voronina  , H. І. Rybak
Published: March 2020

Досліджено наявні методики антикризового фінансового управління промисловими підприємствами і розроблено методичне забезпечення до оцінки рівня антикризового фінансового управління підприємством. Зазначено, що промисловість є однією з провідних галузей у національному господарстві України. Усі перетворення, які відбуваються на промислових підприємствах, завжди призводять до суттєвих змін у соціально-економічному становищі країни. Надано авторське визначення антикризового фінансового управління промисловим підприємством, під яким слід розуміти комплексну систему дій, спрямованих на запобігання або усунення негативних явищ для комерційної діяльності та бізнесу. Розроблено алгоритм антикризового фінансового управління, який дає можливість при розробленні системи антикризового фінансового управління промисловим підприємством ураховувати вплив зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів середовища, у якому функціонує промислове підприємство, з метою своєчасного визначення загроз для їх попередження або усунення з ціллю недопущення чи подолання кризи. Зазначено, що важливу роль в антикризовому фінансовому управлінні відіграють фінансові ризики, які мають місце протягом усього виробничого циклу. Розроблено методичне забезпечення антикризового фінансового управління, яке являє собою оцінку впливу груп показників на розгортання кризових явищ на промисловому підприємстві.

Зроблено висновок, що використання запропонованого методичного забезпечення антикризового фінансового управління промисловими підприємствами дозволяє знизити ймовірність виникнення кризових ситуацій та значно зменшити розмір можливого збитку. Тобто його застосування надасть можливість промисловим підприємствам швидко реагувати на виникнення кризових явищ і враховувати всі види фінансових ризиків при здійсненні виробничо-господарської та комерційної діяльності.
ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO FORMING TEAMS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARINE SHIP CREW
Authors: O. V. Zakharchenko  , O. M. Odintsov  , S. B. Kolodynskyi  , I. A. Golubkova  , V. V. Travin
Published: March 2020

In the article, the authors examined the problematic aspects of project management; the study focuses on the optimization of the crew of the vessel — the project team based on the concept method.

Within the framework of the approach proposed by the authors, a model has been developed for the formation of the crew of the vessel — the project team, which allows one to identify its composition, the most suitable and stable (balanced) for managing a specific project in terms of its competence, complementarity of crew members on the vessel (synergism) and its psychological characteristics.

The use of the project management system implies the creation of a special group, the crew of a ships (project team), which becomes an independent participant of the project and manages the process of sending and forming the crew of the vessel within the project being implemented.

This group is created for the period of project implementation and after its completion it is dissolved. Human resource planning — an estimate of the size and composition of human resources in the future.

The project team is the main creative component of creating the end product or service in the projects. The project team is a group of employees who work directly on the project and are subordinate to the project manager.

Unfortunately, there is no adequate model and method that would allow simultaneous optimization of the composition of personnel, teams, crew.

The use of deterministic models and methods in solving our problem is ineffective, since there is an inability to predict the entire list of works when planning teams of projects, crews.
MOTIVATION MANAGEMENT AS THE KEY FACTOR OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SMALL AGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISES
Authors: O. V. Ulianchenko  , R. M. Sheludko  , M. S. Ponomarova  , L. V. Sheludko
Published: March 2020

The motivation mechanism is based on certain organizational and economic approaches. Its goal is to raise the people’s feelings deliberately, give them the opportunity to think actively, to show their abilities and inclinations, and to enrich themselves spiritually. It should take into account not only the state of socio-economic development, but also the financial growth of the economic entities of the country, a certain administrative unit, the mentality of the people, national characteristics as well as the possibility of their change. The methodological, theoretical, normative and generalized approaches of labor motivation at the small agribusiness enterprises have been outlined in the work. At the enterprise level we have taken into account the features of the industry, the organization and rate of labor, the level of material remuneration and the staff expectations. Another requirement for the motivation mechanism is the ability to change the key factors of influence according to the situation quickly.

We have substantiated the problem of the formation and regulation system of the effective management motivation and its practical application in agribusiness. It has been proved that the support of the motivation mechanisms for productive and efficient labor in order to have an awareness of being the owners and masters of the production means and ensuring the personal interest of the agribusiness workers is very important. The desired results can be achieved only by combining the moral, material, industrial, social, and psychological stimuli.
CONCEPT OF FORMATION, REALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RETAIL ENTERPRISE
Authors: M. V. Chorna  , T. Pichugina  , Т. Kushnir  , L. Bezghinova
Published: March 2020

The concept of the formation, implementation, and development of the competitive advantages of a retail enterprise has been developed. This concept is based on the basic foundations and principles of the theory of the competitive advantages, consumer value, life cycle, value chain, opportunities, and lean manufacture. The concept is based on two theoretical hypotheses: the ability to ensure and constantly maintain a high (necessary/defined) level of competitiveness of enterprises with the existence of the competitive advantages at the active stages of their life cycle; an adaptation tool for enterprises is the formation of a flexible set of sustainable competitive advantages. The architectonics of this concept has been presented and the component filling of its scientific and applied basis has been carried out. Increasing the competitiveness of a retail enterprise has been chosen as the main idea of the concept. The object of the system vision of the concept is the process of ensuring (formation, implementation, and development) of the competitive advantages of the retail enterprise at the active stages of its life cycle, and the subject is the theoretical, conceptual, methodological, and scientific-practical foundations of the formation, implementation, and development of the competitive advantages of the retail enterprise. The component filling of the scientific and applied base of the concept of formation, implementation, and development of the competitive advantages of a retail enterprise has been implemented. The competitiveness of a retail enterprise is considered by the authors as the degree of implementation of the formed set of necessary competitive advantages in a particular segment of the consumer market. In order to achieve a high level of competitiveness, it is necessary to have stable competitive advantages. An integrative system of sustainable competitive advantage centers of a retail enterprise has been formed. Its implementation allows creating a flexible set of relevant competitive advantages and synchronizing their presence at the active stages of the life cycle for continuous transformation in the spatiotemporal process of increasing competitiveness.
MODELING OF THE OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF MEAT PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
Authors: N. O. Kovalchuk  , M. G. Marych  , L. V. Popova  , A. O. Viknianska
Published: March 2020

In today’s economic conditions, problems of functioning of domestic enterprises are not limited by lack of sources of financing of assets, but also often associated with inefficient investment in specific components of property, which adversely affects the level of economic efficiency of Ukrainian enterprises and the development of the economy as a whole.

An important factor in making sound, rational and sound decisions about asset management is to improve existing or develop fundamentally new methods and models for optimizing the structure of assets of Ukrainian enterprises using criteria that are most relevant to current economic requirements, environmental challenges and internal objectives.

In view of the above, the article demonstrates a clear dependence of the structure of the assets of the enterprise and the key indicators that characterize the effectiveness of its management. The optimal structure of assets for the studied enterprises and possible ways of their achievement are offered taking into account the defined criteria. A comparative assessment of the assets structure of the surveyed enterprises before and after optimization was carried out and on this basis the latter was confirmed by comparing the key parameters of the enterprise performance — profit and market value.

A clear sequence of stages of the asset structure optimization model is proposed and described, along with methodological aspects of determining the effective structure of assets, the feasibility of its practical application at Ukrainian enterprises is proved through the achievement of the key goal of the enterprise activity — maximization of market value and profit.
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE BANK’S FINANCIAL STABILITY SYSTEM
Authors: B. V. Samorodov  , G. M. Azarenkova  , O. G. Golovko  , O. Yu. Miroshnik  , M. V. Babenko
Published: March 2020

It is considered and updated the model of risk assessment of bank credit portfolio in the article. The profitability and risk are the main parameters of a bank loan portfolio. The ratio of these indicators characterizes the effectiveness of credit and general activity of the bank. The purpose of credit bank portfolio’s management is to ensure the highest yield at an acceptable risk of level. It is advisable to carry out the credit portfolio risk assessment in three stages. The first stage consist of using 9 indicators that are directly related to the occurrence of credit risk: credit activity ratio, reserve adequacy ratio, loan quality ratio, overdue loan ratio, maximum risk per one borrower (or group of borrowers), the concentration level of large credit risks, the concentration level of credit risk per one insider, loan ratio of written off from the reserve, the rate of return on credit operations. On the second stage of credit risk assessment, it is performed the scored assessment required to determine the integral credit risk indicator. Depending on whether the calculated indicator falls within the optimal value range, its scores are based on one of four formulas. On the third stage, there is determined the integral risk indicator and the degree of credit risk. The calculation of the integral credit risk indicator is advisable to use for assessment of credit risk in dynamics. Comparing the results of evaluating this indicator during several periods, we can conclude that there is a tendency to change the level of credit risk of a bank. It is analysed the credit risk indicators of JSC CB PrivatBank for 2016—2018 years. According to the evaluation results of the integral index, the authors concluded that the level of credit risk management in the bank was improved. But the values did not reach the maximum scores, so JSC CB PrivatBank is exposed to credit risks. It is proposed in the research a number of measures to optimize the credit risk management of bank.
THE PROSPECTS OF USING CRYPTOCURRENCY BITCOIN AS A FINANCIAL INNOVATION IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY OF UKRAINE
Authors: O. V. Perchuk  , I. M. Makarchuk  , L. M. Yaremenko
Published: March 2020

We have established that a relatively new market of cryptocurrency is the subject of great interest for research under the current conditions of financial innovations in payment services. Our findings have revealed objective prerequisites for creating cryptocurrency as an innovative means of information-based payment. Cryptocurrency poses a challenge to the financial system of Ukraine since both the central bank and other state regulators can not control its emission and circulation. They show the growth dynamics in cryptocurrency market capitalization where Bitcoin predominates. Although cryptocurrency is not included in the National Register of payment systems and it is officially prohibited for circulation in Ukraine, our country ranks among the world’s top five countries by number of users of different bitcoin-wallets.

We have examined the strengths of Bitcoin that have made this cryptocurrency a convenient means of international payment with a high investment potential. The results show disadvantages to using cryptocurrency for both the whole country in general and ordinary consumers in particular. We have defined main threats that national governments can face in case of an unregulated spread of cryptocurrency. Also this study, based on the works of leading foreign scientists and financial market experts, systematizes factors that influence the price of Bitcoin. It substantiates opportunities and prospects for the cryptocurrency market development in Ukraine.

The study has shown that cryptocurrencies have their own niche in payment systems; they are quite competitive and reliable financial instruments. The growth dynamics of cryptocurrency market capitalization in the world makes Bitcoin the most successful example of the use of virtual currency in the information economy. As the modern society is being inevitably virtualized, our country’s economy should follow the path of innovations by finding solutions to a number of technical, economic and legal issues on the cryptocurrency market development in Ukraine through involving the experience of the leading European countries.
FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN CASE
Authors: N. S. Orlova  , O. A. Diegtiar  , O. V. Kozureva  , А. M. Shapovalova  , S. І. Prykazka
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify key financial instruments for the financial capacity of the combined territorial communities’ (ТС) enhancement in Ukraine under conditions of their sustainable development and decentralization implementation. Based on the European experience in reforming state power, it has been determined that strengthening the financial framework and competence of local self-government is an effective mechanism for stimulating economic activity, elaborating effective strategies for regional and local development. The methods of consolidation of European municipalities are as follows: stimulation of voluntary association (Czech Republic, Latvia) and administrative consolidation (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Poland, Bulgaria). The approaches to the effectiveness assessment of territorial communities in Germany and Ukraine, which include analysis of the financial base, investment reserves, amounts of municipal investments, have been highlighted. Comparative analysis of financial capacity of the territorial communities of Ukraine, Germany, France, Poland, Romania on indicators is carried out: own income per capita; dynamics of receipts of local taxes and fees; the level of subsidy of budgets; the specific weight of expenditures on the maintenance of the management apparatus in the financial resources of TС. It has been determined that the main forms of state support of territorial communities in Ukraine are subventions, grants, transfer of state-owned objects of communal property, international technical and financial assistance, and funds of the state budget of regional development. In order to ensure the sustainable development of territorial communities in Ukraine, the introduction of new financial instruments for state support of territorial communities (community-based local development, integrated territorial investments, and green bonds) and directions of development of territorial communities has been proposed.