bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern T cell technologies for immunotherapy of solid tumors
Authors: Kuznetsova M. S. , Shiku Hiroshi , Karaulov A. V. , Sennikov S. V.
Published: April 2023

According to the common concept of immune editing, the interaction of malignant tumor cells and immune system is a complex multifactorial process, which may result in both antitumor effector activity and development of suppressor mechanisms that promote tumor growth. Accumulation of scientific knowledge in the field of studying the antitumor immune response and tolerance has led to emergence of many research and therapeutic approaches that use different components of the immune system to combat neoplastic processes. Along with currently available approaches, there are strategies that use the potential of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, the main effectors of adaptive immunity, in order to fight malignant neoplasms which appeared more than a century ago and have built the scientific basis of cancer immunotherapy. One line of evidence of the significant antitumor potential of T cells in immunotherapeutic schemes for the cancer treatment was presented by successful therapy of hemato-oncological diseases, achieved at the end of the past decade. At the same time, however, the therapy of solid malignant neoplasms still faces significant difficulties that limit the efficiency of treatment. In this regard, the main objective of the review is to accumulate up-to-date information on the successes and limitations of T cell immunotherapy in the patients with solid tumors. To date, the phenotype and functionality of T cells is being investigated and modulated both towards enhancing antitumor cytotoxicity, increasing viability and proliferative activity of T cells, and in overcoming the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor and its tolerogenic microenvironment upon T cells, as well as ensuring targeted migration of the effector T cells to the malignant tissues. This review discusses immunotherapeutic approaches exploiting the potential of effector T lymphocytes, e.g., current clinical trials or applied therapeutic regimens for the treatment of solid malignant neoplasms. Antigen-independent approaches aimed at nonspecific enhancement of the T cell responses, i.e., therapy with recombinant cytokines and inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules. Antigendependent, or antigen-specific approaches such as adoptive T cell therapy with endogenous T lymphocytes are also discussed as well as trials on T cells with modified antigen-recognition receptor (CAR-Tcells, TCR-Tcells), like as usage of bispecific antibodies as T cell engagers. The review describes the benefits and disadvantages of these approaches in monotherapy, as well as current results and prospects for their mutual combinations.
Fatores que influenciam o letramento em saúde em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana
Authors: Costa Ana Caroline da , Conceição Ana Paula da , Butcher Howard Karl , Butcher Rita de Cassia Gengo e Silva
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: investigar os fatores que influenciam o letramento em saúde em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana. Método: estudo transversal, incluindo 122 pacientes com coronariopatias (60,7% do sexo masculino; 62,07±8,8 anos); letramento em saúde e conhecimento específico da doença foram avaliados por meio de entrevista com os participantes, pelo Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults e Short version of the coronary artery disease education questionnaire. Os dados foram descritos por medidas de tendência central e frequências. Fatores que influenciam o letramento em saúde foram determinados por modelo de regressão linear. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Resultados: idade e hipertensão apresentaram uma relação inversa e significativa com letramento em saúde. Por outro lado, maior escolaridade e estar empregado associaram-se com maiores pontuações no instrumento de letramento em saúde. O conhecimento específico da doença não influenciou o letramento em saúde. As variáveis do modelo de regressão explicaram 55,3% do letramento inadequado. Conclusão: no presente estudo o conhecimento sobre a doença não influência o letramento em saúde, mas os profissionais devem considerar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos para planejar as intervenções.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF DUCTED SPRAY WITH DUAL INJECTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Wang Zhaojian , Liang Tong , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Ziman
Published: April 2023

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a newly established technology showing great potential in breaking the soot/NOx trade-off. Multiple-injection strategy is also seen as a possible way to reduce soot and NOx emissions simultaneously. However, the applicability of these approaches is not fully understood. The present study investigated the spray characteristics of DFI technology coupled with a dual-injection strategy. Results showed that during the injection interval (the interval between two injections), ambient gas continues to flow into the duct due to the pressure difference between the duct inside and outside, which increases the velocity of the second injection. The spray penetration length development of ducted spray is faster than that of free spray in both the first and the second injection events. During the first injection, the distribution of the equivalence ratio of ducted spray is more uniform than free spray, and the peak value of the equivalence ratio of ducted spray is lower than that of free spray. Compared to the first injection, in the second injection, when the radial equivalence ratio distribution of ducted spray is equivalent to the that of free injection, the path of spray traversed is shorter. These indicate that DFI technology and dual injection strategy couples well in case of spray and mixing process.
A Qualitative Study on the Utilization of Welfare Technology in the Long Term Care Insurance
Authors:   RehabilitationInternational Korea, Park Sanghee , Kim Minkyoung
Published: April 2023

This study aims to comprehensively grasp the perceptions of people involved in the use of welfare technology in long-term care insurance for the elderly. For this purpose, a focus interview (FGI) was conducted with 18 people from 4 groups consisting of facility managers and workers at the long-term care facility, National Health Insurance Service employees, and academic experts. The FGI analysis results were as follows. First, as problems in the use of welfare technology, limitations in the level of technology, lack of care workers' ability to use, Restrictions of in information and education, and Absence of effectiveness measurement and verification were identified. Second, regarding the possibility of utilizing welfare technology, from the perspective of the elderly and their families, improvement of the quality of life of the elderly, increase of convenience and reliability, objectification beneficiaries were derived. In terms of institutions and workers, efficiency improvement, management responsibility issues, downsizing and monitoring tools were presented. From the perspective of National Health Insurance Service, the implementation of standardized welfare technology and the polarization of technology use were suggested. Based on the research results, policy tasks for the development of welfare technology within the long-term care insurance were proposed.
A Study on Vocational Rehabilitation Improvement for the People with Significant Disabilities
Authors:   RehabilitationInternational Korea, Lee Hye kyeong
Published: April 2023

The disabled population continues to increase, the proportion of elderly people with disabilities and single-person households is increasing, and the proportion of significant disabilities such as autism and mental disorders continues to increase by type of disability. In particular, the significantly disabled are experiencing greater difficulties in employment, so we tried to find ways to revitalize employment for the significantly disabled. To this end, the Ministry of Health and Welfare-centered projects and previous studies that provide vocational support and vocational rehabilitation services for the significantly disabled were analyzed to identify problems and suggest ways to revitalize employment for the significantly disabled. First, efficient service provision and service quality improvement through the linkage of job projects, Second, training of professional manpower and supporting manpower to expand employment and support after employment for persons with significant disabilities, Third, support for additional benefits for people with disabilities using vocational rehabilitation facilities.
Transitioning Old Order Mining Rights into New Mining Rights: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Mathebula Themba
Published: April 2023

The transformation of the mining industry has been a recurrent issue since the drafting of the Freedom Charter of 1955 and the dawn of democracy. Transformation had to be promoted through the development of the law, including the transitioning of the old mining rights into the new mining rights by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA). This paper focusses on the transition from the previous South African mining law in its historical context to the MPRDA, and the developments which brought it about, including various developments in law which assist in understanding the scope and limitations of the transition. The analysis clarifies the present position in our law associated with mining rights as well as how to deal with disputes arising out of it. The South African courts are critical in the interpretation of the transitional law and how it should apply. The judicial perspective on the development of the transitional law is empirically analysed.
Is Doctoral Education Not for Everyone? How the University Reforms Led to Centralization of Doctoral Programs in the Leading Universities
Authors: Zhuchkova Svetlana , Bekova Saule
Published: April 2023

The last decade brought a number of reforms to the higher education system in Russia: restructuring of the higher education system, creation of national research and federal universities, and the launch of the “5-100” excellence program. The results of these transformations system have stimulated a plethora of research in the field of higher education. However, the effects of these changes on doctoral education have been less often in researchers’ focus. In this paper, we have examined the changes and effects of the reform period on doctoral education based on the data from the Monitoring of the Universities’ Effectiveness. The analysis showed that during the last five years there has been a redistribution of the doctoral students towards the leading universities. Moreover, there are magnet universities in the federal districts which attract a significant part of the doctoral students. Regions with no leading universities face the most difficult situation: the dynamic of the studied indicators in these regions is either negative or significantly lags behind other regions.
Multidimensional Health Literacy Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Nekhorosheva Elena , Enchikova Ekaterina , Kasatkina Daria
Published: April 2023

Health literacy (HL) is often discussed in the context of school curricula, however there is a lack of published and varified instruments for evaluating HL in schoolaged children in Russia. This article presents the step-by-step development of a multidimensional assessment method of health literacy (MMHL) for middle-school children. The conceptual model is based on a review of international experience of HL measurement and includes three functional sections — autonomy, motivation, and practice; and four themes — hygiene, daily routine, nutrition and physical activity. The final version of the instrument consists of 54 questions in 9 scales: access to information, beliefs, trust, amotivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, critical thinking, communication, and action. Work was carried out in five stages: 1) expert evaluation and verification of content validity; 2) small pilot study (N = 92) to test face validity; 3) large pilot study (N = 313) for the primary assessment of psychometric characteristics; 4) final study on a larger sample (N = 1095) to confirm the psychometric characteristics and to explore the factor structure of the instrument; 5) analysis of the distribution of test scores and the establishment of threshold values for interpreting the results. The developed instrument has good indicators of validity and reliability. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows that the data corresponds with the theoretical model. Threshold values allow using this instrument not only in theoretical studies but also for solving practical pedagogical tasks. Therefore this instrument can be recommended for use in educational institutions as a diagnostic tool for assessing the motivation and HL of students.
Alumni Relations Policy of Multidisciplinary Universities (on the Example of the Far Eastern Federal University)
Authors: Khukalenko Iuliia , Zemtsov Dmitry
Published: April 2023

Alumni relations is a comparatively new sphere for Russian universities. Universities are trying to build new culture of the relationships with alumni from scratch. This article examines this challenge through interviewing deans of typical Russian multi-field University. Based on 11 semi-structured interviews, the article explores such topics as university culture, institutionalisation, communication, attitudes, and how both alumni and alma mater can benefit from cooperation. Relying on the theoretical frameworks of social fields and social capital, the article elaborates what theoretical and practical principles underlie effective alumni relations policy. The findings set five principles of alumni relations policy: 1) openness of the university and its campus for all alumni; 2) institutionalisation of the communities of stable social fields; 3) support of informal communities and individual ambassadors; 4) support of evolving communities at the university; and 5) development of alumni relations formats and practices. Considering the absence of a culture of material help and donations, such support cannot be the focus of alumni relations work. Instead, solid interpersonal relationships should be built, promoting the values of trust and cooperation, where alumni associations and informal communities play real role.
What Primary School Teachers Are Guided by in Their Expectations Regarding the Academic Success of Students
Authors: Yusupova Elen
Published: April 2023

The study examines the relationship between teacher’s expectations and academic and socioemotional skills at the start of primary school students. The main hypothesis is that the relationship between teacher expectations and students’ socioemotional skills differs for students with different levels of academic performance. The study sample consists of 4,430 first-graders (51% girls, median age 7) enrolled in 249 classes. It has been figured out that teacher expectations are predicted both by students academic performance and by students socioemotional skills. In addition to the expected outcome that high academic performance is associated with favorable teacher expectations, socioemotional characteristics are also positively associated with expectations. Moreover, the effect is enhanced for children with low academic performance.
Job Satisfaction among Employees of a Higher Educational Institution
Authors: Efimova Galina , Latyshev Andrey
Published: April 2023

A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the level and key determinants of job satisfaction among different categories of employees of a classical university on the example of University of Tyumen. A typology of university employees has been formed depending on the nature of job satisfaction: satisfied with (1) career growth and material component, (2) the meaning of work, fairness and comfort of work, (3) working conditions and equipment of the workplace. The highest overall job satisfaction is characteristic of employees who highly appreciated their satisfaction with the content of the work performed, fairness and comfort of work. 

Groups of factors that motivate employees to work effectively are identified: reliability and stability, career growth and social capital, managerial potential. The respondents who are most satisfied with their work are those who are motivated by career growth and building up social capital. This group is dominated by representatives of the university management and line managers. It was also found that job satisfaction is higher among those teachers and researchers who expect career changes related to territorial displacement. 

The results of the study can be useful to managers of university personnel services when developing a set of measures aimed at increasing job satisfaction among representatives of various professional groups, which will increase the prestige of work in the academic sector, retain talented employees and reduce staff turnover.
Preferences for Oral Corrective Feedback: Are Language Proficiency, First Language, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, and Enjoyment Involved?
Authors: Wiboolyasarin Watcharapol , Tiranant Phornrat , Khumsat Teavakorn , Ngamnikorn Tidarat , Wiboolyasarin Kanokpan , Korbuakaew Somkiat , Jinowat Nattawut
Published: April 2023

Background. The effectiveness of oral corrective feedback (OCF) in language learning is influenced by learners' comprehension and response to various OCF techniques. Therefore, it is essential for teachers to consider learners' preferences for OCF strategies.

Purpose. This quantitative study aimed to investigate the preferences of Thai as a foreign language (TFL) learners for ten commonly discussed types of OCF. Specifically, it examined whether these preferences are influenced by four learner variables: proficiency level, first language (L1), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), and foreign language enjoyment (FLE).

Methods. The study involved 288 university students from Chinese, Japanese, and Korean TFL settings, and the data from questionnaires were analysed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results. The findings indicate that, regardless of proficiency level, L1, FLCA, or FLE level, learners prefer more explicit OCF techniques, such as metalinguistics feedback and explicit correction. However, Korean undergraduates scored lower in the majority of OCF strategies (i.e., ignoring, elicitation, recast, explanation, and public feedback) compared to the other participants. The MANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in ignore, peer correction, recast, and private feedback based on proficiency level and L1 background. Although the differences between the FLE and FLCA approaches were not statistically significant, high FLE and FLCA groups tended to prefer more OCF strategies than the low groups.

Conclusion. This study has significant implications for instructional practices in TFL settings and for L2 lecturers in the classroom. By understanding learners' preferences for OCF, educators can tailor their instructional approaches to meet the specific needs of their students.
AMPLIFY: Creation, Testing, and Revision v1
Authors: Capriola Juliet
Published: April 2023

This project seeks to create a video-based scientific data platform called AMPLIFY, with the goal to revolutionize the way we communicate scientific studies and findings to the general public. This platform will be created on the island of Mo'orea, French Polynesia, through thorough community involvement and collaboration. By creating a platform, which emphasizes visual data dissemination in the form of videos and photos with shorter articles, data is made more accessible, engaging, and easily understood.
Sargassum Island Sustainability v1
Authors: not provided jfermelia
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research proposal is to analyze the of sargassum harvesting and implementation for agricultural use on Moorea. Sargassum is increasingly growing in abundance and has been noted to have beneficial effects on the growth and yields of numerous plant species. This project seeks to observe if establishing and expanding the farming and harvesting of sargassum on Moorea could positively impact the productivity of low quality areas. Numerous bays have been seen to lose biodiversity as land/ sea use increases and nutrient run off enters the system. Sargassum has been noted to uptake high levels of nutrients and prevent eutrophication. This long term study will partner with local individuals to harvest and farm sargassum while conducting a long term study in the area looking for adverse reactions to the sea use changes.
Efficacy and safety of statins and ezetimibe in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: A systematic review protocol. v1
Authors: J Fernandez-Gonzalez
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally (1). The risk increases withage. Statins and ezetimibe are indicated for the prevention of CVD and its efficacy in secondaryprevention (patients who have had an adverse CVD event) has been demonstrated in all agegroups (2). However, there is controversy about its use in primary prevention (people withoutestablished CVD) in the elderly (3, 4), since the patients older than 75 years are a group ofunderrepresented population in clinical trials. This age threshold has been used in meta-analysisof randomized controlled trials that did not shown evidence of an effect in cardiovascular eventsin people older than 75 years without vascular disease (5–7) . The latest clinical guidelinespublished in the United States and Europe differ notably in their recommendations (8–10). As other medicines, statins and ezetimibe are not exempt from adverse events. These are morefrequent in geriatric patients, since comorbidities and polypharmacy frequently coexist. Thesefactors can increase the risk of drug interactions and contribute to the impairment of renal andhepatic function (11). We describe a protocol for a systematic review that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety ofstatins and ezetimibe in people over 75 years of age.
Efficacy and safety of statins and ezetimibe in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: A systematic review protocol. v1
Authors: J Fernandez-Gonzalez
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally (1). The risk increases with age. Statins and ezetimibe are indicated for the prevention of CVD and its efficacy in secondary prevention (patients who have had an adverse CVD event) has been demonstrated in all age groups (2). However, there is controversy about its use in primary prevention (people without established CVD) in the elderly (3, 4), since the patients older than 75 years are a group of underrepresented population in clinical trials. This age threshold has been used in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that did not shown evidence of an effect in cardiovascular events in people older than 75 years without vascular disease (5–7) . The latest clinical guidelines published in the United States and Europe differ notably in their recommendations (8–10). As other medicines, statins and ezetimibe are not exempt from adverse events. These are more frequent in geriatric patients, since comorbidities and polypharmacy frequently coexist. These factors can increase the risk of drug interactions and contribute to the impairment of renal and hepatic function (11). We describe a protocol for a systematic review that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of statins and ezetimibe in people over 75 years of age.
Carbon Sequestration, Biomass and Soil Carbon Pool Estimation in Oak- Dominated Forests of Hindu-Kush Ranges of Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Ataur , Khan Nasrullah , Ur Rahman Inayat , Ali Kishwar , Brauning Achim
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to determine the vegetation biomass, soil carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential of Oak-dominated forests. Thirty forest stands having 10 quadrats of 20×20 were randomly sampled. Out of eighteen tree species, twelve species were associated with Group II followed by Groups I and III, with eight species each. Quercus dilatata was the only Oak species recorded in all three groups having maximum density in Group II (56.14). Quercus semecarpifolia accounted the highest proportion of carbon (235 MgC/ha) in Group II. Quercus baloot, being the dominant species of Group I, is found to accommodate the highest quantities of BMC (335±43 Mg/ha) for all size classes. The highest nitrogen content, total nitrogen and carbon-nitrogen ratio were 0.185%, 8.23 and 59.64, respectively, in Group II. The mean bulk density was 1.519 g/cm3 in group III. The highest soil organic carbon (SOC) was recorded in Group II (2.69%, 119.82 tons/ha). Because of their large aerial scale and high carbon density, Oak-dominated forests in Group II store most of the carbon. These results suggest that organic carbon is a major source of forest carbon with significant climate change mitigation potential that must be conserved and improved by sustainable forest management.
Molecular Characterization of Ochratoxin a Producing Indigenous Aspergillus Strains from Poultry Feed in Pakistan
Authors: Gull Naz Gull Naz , Ahmad Anjum Aftab , Ali Tehreem , Muhammad Nawaz Muhammad Nawaz , Iqbal Sanaullah , Abbas Mateen , Manzoor Rabia
Published: April 2023

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive toxin and OTA producing molds contaminate the food crops. Isolation and identification of ochratoxin producing fungi was carried out from poultry feed samples (n=120) followed by preliminary confirmation through macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Purified fungal isolates identified as Aspergillus 1842(91.68%) followed by Penicillium 91 (4.53%), Mucor 52 (2.58), Alternaria 7 (0.35%), Cladosporium 6 (0.29%), Fusarium 4 (0.199%) and un-identified (07). OTA production was confirmed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Only 41 isolates (2.22%) out of 1842 Aspergillus isolates were able to produce toxin. At genetic level, characterization was performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species specific gene primers. From 41 isolates 27, 9 and 5 were characterized as Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus ochraceus respectively. Physical and chemical factors were optimized for OTA production. Under the effect of 37 °C temperature and 7.5 pH of Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) medium, higher toxin (969.45±.03 µg/mL) production was observed from ASPO-6 isolate. ASPO-4 isolate produce higher toxin amount in SDB medium with supplementation of maize 5%, wheat 1% and rice 3%. OTA stability was determined by adjusting standard concentration of 100 µg/mL in organic solvents (chloroform, acetonitrile and methanol) and organic solids. Least percentage log reduction in OTA concentration and stability of OTA was observed in opaque vials with chloroform and sucrose and transparent vials with sucrose after 6 months. OTA can be used as indigenous standard for identification of OTA from field samples.
Aplikasi Pengujian Antibodi Anti-Nuklear dalam Menentukan Penyakit Autoimun Reumatik Sistemik dan Penyakit Berkaitan
Authors: Abdul Wahab Asrul
Published: April 2023

Antibodi anti-nuklear (ANA) merupakan salah satu contoh autoantibodi yang boleh terbentuk sebelum berlakunya penyakit autoimun terutamanya penyakit autoimun reumatik sistemik. Disebabkan itu, ANA telah menjadi satu ujian penting yang dipohon oleh pakar klinikal apabila seseorang pesakit tersebut disyaki mempunyai penyakit autoimun. Terdapat pelbagai kaedah makmal yang boleh digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran ANA dalam darah seseorang pesakit tetapi kaedah imunofluoresen telah dianggap sebagai kaedah makmal yang piawai untuk tujuan penyaringan ANA. Kehadiran ANA ini tidaklah khusus kepada penyakit autoimun kerana tahap kesensitifan dan kekhususannya adalah berbeza-beza bergantung kepada jenis penyakit autoimun. Penggunaan kaedah makmal yang berbeza juga telah menunjukkan kadar kesensitifan dan kekhususan yang berbeza-beza dalam mengesan ANA. Pentafsiran keputusan ANA untuk sesuatu penyakit autoimun juga terbatas dengan kehadiran ANA yang boleh dikesan dalam kalangan pesakit yang tidak mempunyai penyakit autoimun malah boleh juga dikesan dalam kalangan mereka yang sihat. Maklumat klinikal pesakit menjadi satu unsur yang penting untuk membolehkan pentafsiran ANA yang berkesan dan juga boleh memberikan panduan kepada ujian selanjutnya jika diperlukan. Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, pengujian ANA menggunakan kaedah imunofluoresen telah mengalami beberapa pembaharuan termasuklah penubuhan Kesepakaran Corak ANA Antarabangsa (ICAP) dan pembacaan slaid ANA IF secara automasi. Pembaharuan yang berlaku ini adalah ke arah penyeragaman pelaporan pengujian ANA IF. Ulasan ini merangkumi pelbagai kaedah makmal yang boleh digunakan untuk mengesan ANA, kegunaan klinikal keputusan ANA positif dan perkembangan terkini dalam pengujian ANA.
Exploration of Annona muricata (Annonaceae) in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Syahruni Reny , Umar Abdul Halim , Rahman Hindriyani Nurul , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta
Published: April 2023

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is one of the plants that have antihyperlipidemic effects, but its underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. Previous investigations used TCMSP, KNApSAcK, ETCM, SwissTargetPrediction, SuperPred, CTD, and TTD to identify potential targets of soursop as antihyperlipidemic. Therefore, this study aims to explore soursop active compounds and demonstrate their mechanisms against hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology and molecular docking. OB and drug-likeness properties of the compounds from A. muricata were screened based on Lipinski’s Ro5 (Lipinski’s Rule of Five) parameters. Subsequently, the network of the compound–target–disease–pathways was constructed using Cytoscape. The target PPI (protein-protein interaction) network was built using STRING and the core targets were analyzed using GO with KEGG. The main active compounds against the targets were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. Based on the results, 158 compounds were identified in A. muricata, and the human body was found to absorb 56. It was discovered that 20 compounds were associated with cholesterol disease. The highest degree of the disease pathway of target compounds disease was annomuricin, XDH, myocardial ischemia, and metabolic pathways, respectively. The PPI showed GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) protein also has the highest degree. BP, CC, MF, and KEEG enrichments that play important roles are the response to drugs, plasma membranes, protein binding, and metabolic pathways. The molecular docking experiment confirmed the correlation between ligands and receptors (quercetin-XDH, coclaurine-ADRB3, fisetin, and robinetin-XDH) with binding energies of –9.3; –8.9; and –8.8 kcal mol–1, respectively. The interactions between ligands and receptors are hydrogen, alkyl, Pi-alkyl, Pi-sigma, and van der Waals bonds. It was discovered that A. muricata provided therapeutic effects, involving multi-compounds, multi-targets, multi-diseases, and multi-pathways as well as deep insight into the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. This can be used to design new drugs and develop novel therapies to treat hyperlipidemia.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Decorated on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite using Clinacanthus nutans and Its Applications
Authors: Perumal Dharshini , Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim , Albert Emmellie Laura , Mohd Zawawi Ruzniza
Published: April 2023

A straightforward approach that uses Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract as a bio-reduction agent has been reported to anchor silver nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (rGO-Ag). The nanocomposite was characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A qualitative colour transition from yellowish to dark brown confirmed the biosynthesis of rGO-Ag nanocomposite and showed a surface plasmon resonance at 263 nm and 425 nm. Utilizing cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical characteristics of the rGO-Ag nanocomposite modified screen printed carbon electrodes were examined. The rGO-Ag nanocomposite electrode enhanced anodic current approximately 1.29 times greater compared to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and 1.34 times greater compared to graphene oxide (GO). Moreover, rGO-Ag nanocomposites exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against typical Gram-positive (S. aureus) (11.99 ± 0.26 mm) and Gram-negative (E. coli) (11.86 ± 0.29 mm) bacteria. Toxicity was assayed using brine shrimp Artemia salina. The results of hatching and mortality assay demonstrates that AgNPs and rGO-Ag nanocomposite is biocompatible with A. salina at a low dosage (0.001 mg/mL). This work offers a guide for the future synthesis of nanocomposites using green reductants. The as- synthesized nanocomposite shows a promising component for the development of biomedical devices applications.
Decellularized and Genipin Crosslinked Human Umbilical Cord Artery and Vein for Potential Use as Peripheral Nerve Conduit
Authors: Zailan Nabila Syahida binti , Md Isa Nisriena Azlin binti , Humayoon Kabir Muhammad Asyraf bin , Syed Ali Syahida Rabia binti , Norisman Muhamad Firdaus bin , Imran Siti A. M. , Ishak Mohamad Fikeri , Yusof Mohd Reusmaazran , Lokanathan Yogeswaran
Published: April 2023

Critical gap peripheral nerve injury, commonly caused by motor vehicle accidents, results in dysfunctional nerve and impaired body function. Our study aims to develop a conduit from decellularized and genipin crosslinked human umbilical cord artery and vein for future use in critical nerve gap injury treatments. Human umbilical cord arteries (HUCA) and veins (HUCV) were divided into native (nHUCA and nHUCV), decellularized (dHUCA and dHUCV) and genipin-crosslinked (clHUCA and clHUCV) groups. Both the decellularized and crosslinked groups were decellularized, and subsequently, the clHUCA and clHUCV groups were crosslinked with 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.7% (w/v) genipin. The HUCA and HUCV were then studied for decellularization efficiency, crosslinking index, biodegradation, swelling ratio, ultrastructure analysis, flexibility and mechanical strength. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton’s jelly were seeded into HUCA and HUCV for biocompatibility studies. The degradation test showed that nHUCV and dHUCV degraded at day 7 compared to other groups that did not show any degradation even after 21 days. Biocompatibility studies showed that the conduits crosslinked with 0.4% (w/v) genipin were successfully seeded and was having the most amount of seeded cells. In conclusion, the decellularization and genipin crosslinking of human umbilical cord artery and vein enabled successful in fabrication of conduit with suitable properties such as reduced swelling, flexibility, porosity and mechanical strength, with potential in tissue engineering applications.
Analisis Kerawakan Algoritma Terubah Suai Sifer Blok Ultra-Ringan, SLIM
Authors: Mohammad Shah Isma Norshahila Binti , Ismail Eddie Shahril Bin
Published: April 2023

Ahli kriptografi giat menjalankan penyelidikan dalam bidang kriptografi ringan untuk mengekalkan keselamatan data dalam peranti sumber terhad seperti teg RFID, peranti perubatan dan penjagaan kesihatan serta rangkaian sensor. Satu daripada algoritma kriptografi ringan yang telah dibangunkan untuk tujuan tersebut ialah algoritma SLIM. SLIM merupakan algoritma sifer blok ultra-ringan khusus digunakan dalam Internet Kesihatan Benda. SLIM adalah sifer blok bersaiz 32-bit berasaskan struktur Feistel. Algoritma SLIM mempunyai keberkesanan penyulitan yang baik, walau bagaimanapun, algoritma ini tidak mempunyai fungsi kabur dan sebaran yang diperlukan oleh sifer blok sebagai satu daripada aspek keselamatan kriptografi yang harus dipatuhi. Oleh itu, bagi memperbaiki fungsi kabur dan sebaran algoritma ini, pengubahsuaian terhadap algoritma penjanaan kekunci algoritma SLIM telah dilakukan. Analisis kerawakan kemudiannya dilakukan bagi menilai kerawakan algoritma SLIM dan SLIM terubah suai dengan menggunakan Suit Ujian Statistik NIST. Sebanyak sembilan kategori data iaitu Strict Key Avalanche, Strict Plaintext Avalanche, Plaintext Ciphertext Correlation, Cipher Block Chaining, Random Plaintext Random Key, Low-Density Key, High-Density Key, Low-Density Plaintext dan High-Density Plaintext telah digunakan untuk menjana 100 jujukan input bagi setiap sampel dalam setiap kategori data. Algoritma SLIM dan SLIM terubah suai menjana blok teks sifer yang kemudiannya digabungkan untuk membentuk jujukan dedua. Berdasarkan hasil kajian perbandingan, keputusan analisis kerawakan algoritma SLIM terubah suai adalah lebih baik daripada algoritma asal berdasarkan aras keertian 1%.
MYSTERY IN MIDDLE PARK: RELOCATING THE SITE OF COLORADO’S FIRST DINOSAUR DISCOVERY
Authors: BURGER BENJAMIN J.
Published: April 2023

The first reported dinosaur discovery within the borders of Colorado was found during Ferdinand V. Hayden’s U.S. Government sponsored survey to explore the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico. In 1869 the survey team brought back to Washington D.C. a broken caudal vertebral bone collected in the high Rocky Mountains. The bone was given to Joseph Leidy Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania who noted the fossil’s shared similarity to early dinosaur discoveries previously made in France and England. He formally named the fossil dinosaur; Antrodemus valens. Despite being the first dinosaur discovery within the borders of Colorado, the occurrence of this fossil fell into obscurity, as by the twentieth century paleontologists had recognized that the fossilized bone was of the better known theropod dinosaur Allosaurus. In the 150 years since, this mountainous region of Colorado has yielded few discoveries of dinosaurs and the location of this obscure initial discovery has remained a geological mystery. This paper reviews the available archival evidence regarding the events leading to the discovery of Colorado’s first dinosaur in an attempt to relocate its original discovery site.
CLARA EHRENBERG (1838–1915), AN EARLY WOMAN MICROPALEONTOLOGIST: HER CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE WITH AN OUTLOOK ON INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE RESEARCH
Authors: MOHR BARBARA A. R.
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the work of Clara Ehrenberg (1838–1915), especially her engagement in the curation of one of the most scientifically important early microbiological/micropalaeontological collections in the world, now located at the Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin. Her meticulous work with very fragile microscopic slides, as well as accomplishments in the field of curation and taxonomy, and her detailed observations and fine drawings, are acknowledged here. Furthermore, it is shown how Clara, in her autobiography, drew attention to her family and to her father’s (C. G. Ehrenberg, 1795–1876) life, which was embedded in the Berlin university realm of the time. The descriptions in her memoirs are by far more wide reaching than just personal. Clara Ehrenberg was a close observer of the constantly changing world, a process which accelerated dramatically in the rapidly expanding city of Berlin and had, due to nineteenth century industrial inventions and progress, an impact on the daily lives of her family and her contemporaries with consequences lasting to our own time.
THE ROCK AND MINERAL COLLECTIONS OF ALBERT BRUN (1857–1939), PHARMACIST AND VOLCANOLOGIST IN GENEVA
Authors: SCHNYDER CÉDRIC , HOLLIER JOHN
Published: April 2023

Born in Geneva in 1857, Albert Brun studied pharmacy before going on to mineralogy. He was a member of many scientific societies and carried out extensive research in mineralogy and volcanology alongside his career as a pharmacist. His numerous articles and other communications shed light both on his varied interests and the development of the Earth Sciences at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He was particularly interested in ‘volcanic exhalations’, the gasses released by volcanoes, and devoted much of his spare time to collecting and analyzing them. A large part of his collection of rocks and minerals is now housed in the Natural History Museum of Geneva.
THE RUSH STARTED HERE, PART III: ‘THE STREETS ARE PAVED WITH GOLD’—SPECULATION, GREED, AND DISAPPOINTMENT, 1849–2010
Authors: HINES ELIZABETH , SMITH MICHAEL
Published: April 2023

Profitable gold mining began in the United States with the accidental discovery in 1799 of a seventeen-pound gold nugget in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. North Carolina’s gold production peaked between the 1830s and 1840s as hundreds of mines contributed hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to the national economy, necessitating the 1837 construction of a federal Branch Mint in Charlotte to process Piedmont gold. Gold mining suffered a major decline in North Carolina after the discovery of the richer and more extensive gold deposits in California in 1848. However, the North Carolina gold miners who did not join the western rush continued to work the shafts of the Piedmont using increasingly sophisticated European and South American technology, as well as new innovations such as hydraulic mining techniques from California, until the advent of the Civil War.

From the end of Reconstruction (1877) to 1920, gold mining in North Carolina was sporadic and often funded by outside investors or used as a ruse in gold and stock scams. Copper mining, with gold and silver as secondary products, using increasingly complex technology and associated environmental issues, drove most of the mining fervor during this period. Following the Great Depression of the 1930s, gold production slowly increased until the Second World War, but never became a major industry as they were out-competed by the more profitable gold fields in the western United States, Alaska, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.

From the 1970s to today, dependent upon the price of gold in the market and the requirements of environmental regulation, prior mining districts in North (and South) Carolina have continued to be examined, explored and cautiously mined using cyanide heap leach techniques. Although few in number, these limited lease mining projects have extracted over two million troy ounces of gold and nearly a million troy ounces of silver by 2010. Future extraction by the ongoing Haile Mine (South Carolina) project will increase this amount substantially in the next decade. Nevertheless, Cabarrus County continues to hold the world’s record for producing the greatest number of large (a pound or more) gold nuggets and was the epicenter of North America’s first gold rush.
Аdministrative and legal support of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine
Authors:   Ivan Chernyakhovsky National Defense University of Ukraine, Pashynskyi V. , Stupak D. ,   Ivan Chernyakhovsky National Defense University of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The issue of administrative and legal support of the legal regime of martial law was considered. Scientific views on such legal categories as "legal provision" and "administrative-legal provision" in various spheres of social relations have been studied. The concept of "administrative and legal support of the legal regime of martial law" is considered. The key features of the administrative and legal support of the legal regime of martial law are established, namely: the support of the specified legal regime is carried out by special entities whose powers are defined by legislation; regulated by the norms of administrative law; implemented using special tools (mechanisms, measures); the activity of public administration subjects consists in the adoption of laws, subordinate regulatory legal acts and their implementation. Based on the results of the research, the author's definition of the concept of administrative and legal support of the legal regime of martial law is proposed as the activity of authorized subjects of public power in relation to the legal regulation of social relations, legal support for the implementation of the measures of the legal regime of martial law, regulated by the norms of administrative law, with the aim of protecting human rights and freedoms. defense of the state in case of armed aggression or threat of attack, danger to the state independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine. It has been established that the essence of the administrative and legal provision of the legal regime of martial law is the provision of conditions for achieving the goals of its introduction, as well as the provision of regulation, implementation, protection and protection of social relations in the conditions of martial law.
Peculiarities of the use of Earth remote sensing data in the topographic support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Pysarenko R.
Published: April 2023

The widespread use of remote sensing data (RSD) in solving the tasks of topogodetic support of the troops and during the conduct of hostilities is one of the modern development trends. Earth remote sensing data provide accurate, reliable, reliable, operational and up-to-date information about terrain, areas, and observation objects. Its modern means allow for round-the-clock continuous observation in almost any weather conditions and for any region of the globe, to determine the coordinates of the objects of observation with an accuracy from 0.03-0.5 m to several meters. Remote sensing methods allow continuous topographic reconnaissance, gathering information in hard-to-reach areas, in temporarily inaccessible territories. RSD materials are used for compiling, updating and correcting topographic, digital, electronic maps, for compiling special maps, photo documents, descriptions and information about the area, etc. A complete transition to remote methods of terrain research is especially appropriate during hostilities, primarily due to its remoteness, economy of expenditure of funds, workers and time for cartographic work. The research and appropriate combination of various methods of land surveying allows to obtain accurate, high-quality data and to solve the tasks of topographic support faster, more quickly and more efficiently. Improving the use of remote sensing data when performing such tasks of topogodetic support as creating photoplans, photoschemes, photomaps, maps of terrain changes, updating, operational correction of maps, etc. allows you to improve the process of cartographic activities, save money and time for work. RSD is the basis, and sometimes the only source document for creating maps. Since there are no operational satellites in Ukraine, and aerial photography is carried out with limited capabilities, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), due to their advantages, are a promising method of obtaining data about the terrain. Data obtained from UAVs are relevant, timely, accurate, and relatively easy to process. The adoption of UAVs in the Topographic Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine will allow to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the tasks assigned, to improve the performance of a number of cartographic works.