bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Characterization of Biomolecular Electron Transfer at Conductive Polymer Interfaces
Authors: Agee Alec , Gill Thomas Mark , Pace Gordon , Segalman Rachel , Furst Ariel
Published: February 2023

Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) are promising for renewable energy generation but remain hindered by inefficient electron transfer at electrode surfaces. As the toolbox of bio-anode materials increases, rigorous electrochemical characterization of emerging materials is needed. Here, we holistically characterize the electrochemical interaction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an electron shuttle in biological systems and a cofactor for oxidoreductase enzymes, with the bio-inspired mixed conducting polymer poly{3-[6′-(N-methylimidazolium)hexyl]thiophene} (P3HT-Im+). The behavior of this polymer is compared to the equivalent polymer without the histidine-like imidazolium. We find improved conductivity and charge storage in imidazolium-containing polymers beyond what is explained by differences in the electroactive area. The P3HT-Im+ further shows internal charge storage but with negligible faradaic contribution, indicating that charge storage capacity may translate to improved biocatalysis non-intuitive ways. Finally, one-electron transfer is observed between FMN and glassy carbon, while a bio-similar two-electron transfer is observed for the P3HT-Im+. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a concerted two-electron transfer between FMN and an electrode interface, which we attribute to the bio-inspired, histidine-like imidazolium functional groups in the polymer. These studies demonstrate the importance of bio-relevant materials characterization when such materials are deployed in BESs.
Nav1.7 P610T mutation in two siblings with persistent ocular pain after corneal axon transection: impaired slow inactivation and hyperexcitable trigeminal neurons
Authors: Ghovanloo Mohammad-Reza , Effraim Philip R. , Yuan Jun-Hui , Schulman Betsy R. , Jacobs Deborah S. , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G.
Published: February 2023

Mechanisms underlying pain after axonal injury remain elusive. A small subgroup of patients experience pain after corneal refractive surgery, providing a human pain model after well-defined injury to axons. Here we analyze a mutation (P610T) in Nav1.7, a threshold sodium channel expressed in nociceptors, found in two siblings with persistent ocular pain after refractive surgery. We show that it impairs channel slow inactivation, thereby triggering inappropriate repetitive activity in trigeminal ganglion axons that signal eye pain.
Synthesis and Thermal Adsorption Characteristics of Silver-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for Automotive Friction Material Application
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Sakthivel P. , Vivekanandan M. , Kannan C. Ramesh , Krishna J. Phani , Dhanabalan S. , Thirugnanasambandham T. , Majora Manaye
Published: February 2023

Advances in friction materials are imposed on developing multiceramic reinforced hybrid nanocomposites with superior tribomechanical properties. The silver-based matrix metals are gained significance in various applications like bearing, ratchet, and electrical contacts due to their high frictional resistance and good thermal and chemical stability compared to traditional metals. The present research is to develop silver-based hybrid nanocomposites containing alumina (Al2O3) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles of 50 nm mixing with the ratio of 0 wt% Al2O3/0 wt% SiC, 5 wt% Al2O3/0 wt% SiC, and 5 wt% Al2O3/5 wt% SiC via the semisolid vacuum stir-cast technique. The vacuum technology minimizes casting defects and increases composite properties. The casted composite samples are subjected to study the effect of reinforcement on thermal adsorption, conductivity, diffusivity, and frictional resistance. The composite containing 5 wt% Al2O3np/5 wt% SiCnp is to find optimum thermal and frictional behaviour. The thermal adsorption and frictional resistance are increased by 30% and 27% compared to unreinforced cast silver. The Ag/5 wt% Al2O3np/5 wt% SiCnp hybrid nanocomposite is recommended for automotive friction-bearing applications.
On-Line Monitoring Shaft Misalignment of Feed Drive Systems Based on Time-Domain Shaft Rotating Holospectrum
Authors: Chiu Y. S. , Cheng C. C. , Hsu W. C. , Huang M. H.
Published: February 2023

Detection of early-stage misalignment of the ball screw in feed drive systems is the topic addressed in this study. The triaxial vibration amplitudes and phases of a rotating ball screw at the ball screw nut were extracted using the Vold–Kalman filtering order tracking (VKFOT). The rotating ball screw locus at the rotation speed and its multiplier in the time domain were then constructed to obtain corresponding holospectra. By using a self-organizing map, the features corresponding to various holospectra were extracted and quantified into metrices as a measure signifying the severity of ball screw misalignment. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method effectively detected the ball screw misalignment even though this misalignment was less than 30 μm in size. The experiments conducted in this study demonstrated the high sensitivity and effectiveness of the proposed method, which also has a clear advantage due to its simpler instrumentation compared with traditional accelerometry.
Nondestructive Detection of Moisture Content in Palm Oil by Using Portable Vibrational Spectroscopy and Optimal Prediction Algorithms
Authors: Teye Ernest , Amuah Charles L. Y. , Yeh Tai-Sheng , Nyorkeh Regina
Published: February 2023

Rapid and nondestructive measurement of moisture content in crude palm oil is essential for promoting the shelf-stability and quality. In this research, micro NIR spectrometer coupled with a multivariate calibration model was used to collect and analyse fingerprinted information from palm oil samples at different moisture contents. Several preprocessing methods such as standard normal variant (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay first derivative (SGD1), Savitzky–Golay second derivative (SGD2) together with partial least square (PLS) regression techniques, full PLS, interval PLS (iPLS), synergy interval PLS (SiPLS), genetic algorithm PLS (GAPLS), and successive projection algorithm PLS (SPA-PLS) were comparatively employed to construct an optimum quantitative prediction model for moisture content in crude palm oil. The models were evaluated according to the coefficient of determination and root mean square error in calibration (Rc and RMSEC) and prediction (Rp and RMSEC) set, respectively. The model SGD1 + SiPLS was the optimal novel algorithm obtained among the others with the performance of Rc = 0.968 and RMSEC = 0.468 in the calibration set and Rp = 0.956 and RMSEP = 0.361 in the prediction set. The results showed that rapid and nondestructive determination of moisture content in palm oil is feasible and this would go a long way to facilitating quality control of crude palm oil.
Impact of the Built Environment on Residents’ Health: Evidence from the China Labor Dynamics Survey in 2016
Authors: Lan Feng , Pan Jingyu , Zhou Yulin , Huang Xin
Published: February 2023

In the process of China’s rapid urbanization, the health level of residents has been improved to a great extent. However, with the expansion of urban scale and spatial restructuring, a series of urban environmental problems have posed new challenges to public health. However, the impact of the built environment on residents’ health is controversial, and the applicability of the conclusions based on western urban sprawl in China is not clear enough. In addition, the exploration of the impact path of the built environment on health is still not comprehensive and in-depth. Based on the China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2016 and relevant statistical yearbook data, this study explored the impact of the built environment at community and urban scale on residents’ health and its age heterogeneity and further explored the mediating role of physical exercise, neighborhood support, and community safety. According to the research, the urban and community-built environment has significant impacts on residents’ health, and the impact is significantly different at different scales. In addition, there is a significant difference in the impact of built environment factors on residents’ health among populations with different life cycles. From the perspective of the impact path, greening coverage can improve residents’ self-rated health by enhancing the perceived safety of living in the community. In contrast, the high community population density will not only weaken the degree of neighborhood support but also reduce the perception level of community residential safety, thus damaging residents’ health. In short, from the perspective of environmental intervention, the previously mentioned results put forward possible suggestions on strengthening the construction of a healthy living environment so as to maximize the health effectiveness of cities and communities.
Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Alleviate Dexamethasone-Induced Bone Loss by Regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis
Authors: Yao Xue-wei , Liu Zhi-yi , Ma Neng-feng , Jiang Wen-kai , Zhou Zhi , Chen Bing , Guan Wen-gang , Yan Jun-jie , Yang Min
Published: February 2023

The widespread use of therapeutic glucocorticoids has increased the incidences of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are major causes of GIOP; therefore, alleviation of excess oxidative stress in osteoblasts is a potential therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSCs-Exos), as novel cell-free therapeutics, can modulate various biological processes, such as immunomodulation, reduce oxidative damage, and promote tissue repair as well as regeneration. In this study, ADSCs-Exos restored the viability and osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells by attenuating apoptosis, oxidative damage, intracellular ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, after pretreatment with ADSCs-Exos, Nrf2 expressions were upregulated in Dex-stimulated osteoblasts. Inhibitory assays showed that silencing Nrf2 partially eliminated the protective effects of ADSCs-Exos. The rat model assays confirmed that ADSCs-Exos alleviated the Dex-induced increase in oxidation levels, restored bone mass of the distal femur, and increased the expressions of Nrf2 and osteogenic markers in bone tissues. Thus, ADSCs-Exos alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 expressions after Dex and prevented the development of GIOP in vivo.
Association of Serum Albumin, Globulin, and Transferrin Levels in Children of Poorly Managed Celiac Disease
Authors: Siddiqui Komal , Uqaili Arsalan Ahmed , Memon Salma , Shah Tazeen , Shaikh Saima Naz , Memon Ali Raza
Published: February 2023

Background. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune genetic disorder in which gluten protein causes inflammation of the intestinal enterocytes. CD diagnosis in most cases is delayed or mistreated due to its varied clinical features. We aimed to evaluate the protein profile imbalance in different CD groups of children, which could help aid in the diagnosis and proper management of the disease. Methodology. This was a cross‐sectional study with a nonrandom purposive sampling technique. All samples were taken from tertiary care hospitals of Hyderabad, Pakistan. In total, there were 175 children (age 3‐15 years) divided into five equal groups (n = 35), namely, group A (control), group B (celiac diagnosed), group C (celiac‐like symptoms), group D (celiac with type 1 diabetes mellitus), and group E (type 1 diabetes mellitus only). Clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were analyzed among all the groups. Sera proteins, albumin, globulins, and transferrin levels were evaluated and compared with healthy individuals. Results. The albumin in serum of celiac groups B and C was 3.0 g/dl and 2.8 g/dl, respectively. While in diabetic patients with CD, it is 2.7 g/dl. The globulin levels were raised among all the celiac groups with typical GIT symptoms. The highest transferrin was observed in group B, celiac patients with severe anemia. Patients were not on GFD, hence had no or less recovery and had chronic symptoms of celiac. Conclusion. The misdiagnosis and poor management of celiac leads to chronic villous atrophy with imbalance in metabolic profile. Serum analysis of albumin, globulins, and transferrin may help in the diagnosis and proper management of the disease to recover the celiac symptoms.
Experimental Investigation of Material Removal Rate Parameters in ECM for Aluminum Hybrid Matrix Composites Using the RSM Technique
Authors: Naga Swapna Sri M. , Anusha P. , Rajendranrao Krishnajirao Vittel Rao , Selvaraj Manickam , Muthuvel B. , Karthikeyan N.
Published: February 2023

In the present work, the preparation of AA-6082/ZrSiO4/TiC hybrid composite is studied along with an analysis of the effects of electrochemical machining parameters such as feed rate of electrode (FE), voltage (VO), electrolyte concentration (EL), and electrolyte discharge (ED) rate on the output responses of the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) for Al hybrid composites. The experiments are carried out based on the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array and the important process parameters are found for MRR and SR. Each parameter contains four different levels that are FE (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 mm/min), VO (10, 15, 20, and 25 V), EL (15, 20, 25, and 30 g/lit), and ED (1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 lit/min).The optimization software, namely, Minitab-17 version helps to find the contribution of each parameter on MRR and SR. The ANOVA result reveals that the feed rate of electrode is the highest contributing parameter, trailed by the electrolyte discharge rate and other process parameters for MRR and SR. A linear model of regression and interaction plots is also included to show the relationship between the parameters. From the observational results, the highest MRR (0.00953 mg/min) is attained by the parameter combination level of the feed rate of electrode of 0.20 mm/min, voltage of 25 V, electrolyte concentration of 20 g/lit, and electrolyte discharge rate of 1.5 g/, whereas the lowest MRR is found at FE of 0.10 mm/min, VO of 10 V EL-15 g/lit and ED of 2.5 g/litre. For SR, the maximum and minimum are recognized at FE2-VO4-EL3-ED2 (0.15 mm/min, 25 V, 25 g/lit, and 2 lit/min) and FE1-VO1-EL1-ED1 (0.10 mm/min, 10 V, 15 g/lit, and 1.5 lit/min), respectively. Finally, the increment of MRR and SR values is mostly dependent on the feed rate of the electrode.
Study on the Growth Driving Model of the Enterprise Innovation Community Based on the Lotka–Volterra Model: A Case Study of the Chinese Automobile Manufacturing Enterprise Community
Authors: Pan Mei-Xia , Wang Sheng-Yuan , Wu Xiao-Lan , Zhang Mei-Wen
Published: February 2023

The goal of this paper is to establish a feasible three‐species equilibrium model to analyze the symbiotic relationship of an automobile manufacturing community. In order to extend the Lotka–Volterra model to empirical analysis, this paper proposes an enterprise community symbiosis model based on a three‐dimensional Lotka–Volterra model, as the classical two‐dimensional Lotka–Volterra model has limited application scenarios. This paper takes the innovation assets of three communities of the Chinese automobile manufacturing industry as samples. The industrial community related to automobile manufacturing consists of the automobile manufacturing population, automobile parts population, and enterprise service industry population. The symbiosis system is empirically analyzed from two aspects: the balanced development of the three populations and the competitive evolution of the three populations. The stability of the model is tested by the data from information technology and the intelligent manufacturing community. In the process of dynamic simulation, the symbiotic relationship between automobile manufacturing‐related populations shows a significant “skew symbiotic relationship.” This paper reconstructs the “whole population symbiosis” optimization model as skew distribution is difficult to apply to support collaborative development. The symbiosis optimization under the equilibrium state of the three populations shows that the growth of the three automobile manufacturing industry populations has the possibility of equilibrium and reciprocity. The empirical analysis fully demonstrates the feasibility of this research paradigm. The evolution analysis of the symbiotic system shows that cooperative behavior is better than competitive strategy. The research paradigm proposed in this paper can better analyze the symbiosis mechanism of the enterprise community.
Estado de Guerra perpétuo: os conflitos de escravos que atravessaram o Atlântico
Authors: Carrega Arthur Daltin
Published: February 2023

Resenha do livro BROWN, Vincent. Tacky’s revolt: the story of an Atlantic slave war. Cambridge, Massashussets,: The Belknap press of Harvard University, 2020.
A botânica no Museu Paulista (1895-1927)
Authors: Bocchi Luna Abrano , Pataca Ermelinda Moutinho
Published: February 2023

In this article, we seek to understand how Museu Paulista established an area of botanic study and research from 1895 to 1927. The focus is on the constitution of the Botany Section and highlights personal and institutional network relationships for garden collection formation and maintenance. The analysis was made on institutional history and scientific practices and allowed a look at the museum’s daily work, particularly botanic practices. The study resizes the space dedicated to botany at the Museu Paulista. It shows how, over the years, various actions have sometimes promoted and sometimes suppressed the studies of flora in an institution undergoing transformations and redefining its purposes.
Ser e não ser: o eu e o mundo em Minha luta, de Karl Ove Knausgård
Authors: Silva Camilo Gomide Cavalcanti
Published: February 2023

Este artigo discute os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam o projeto estético da série de romances autobiográficos Minha luta, do norueguês Karl Ove Knausgård. Na obra, o autor lança mão da escrita de si como forma de superar um sentimento de esgotamento da ficção e de recuperar uma percepção de veracidade em sua própria literatura. Ao escrever sobre a própria vida copiosamente (a série tem ao todo 3.704 páginas, divididas em seis volumes), tentando ser fiel à própria história, Knausgård resgata um sentido de autenticidade formulado por Rousseau em suas Confissões e recria efeitos de realidade ao misturar autobiografia à forma romanesca.
A negra Fulô de Jorge de Lima em sete refrações: estudo de tradução comparada
Authors: Silva Daniel Souza
Published: February 2023

Partindo da recepção mais imediata do poema “Essa Negra Fulô”, de Jorge de Lima, discute-se, à luz dos estudos de André Lefevere, a manipulação da fama literária e a tradução de marcadores de especificidade cultural incrustados na história e na literatura brasileiras. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma análise cruzada de sete reescritas refratadas em três línguas neolatinas, comparando-se os resultados semânticos entre si e com a discussão historiográfica e sociológica vigente.
Sobre luz e escuridão em Adriaen Coorte e Drummond
Authors: Marchesan Guilherme
Published: February 2023

Este ensaio se propõe a cotejar aspectos do poema “Quarto escuro”, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e do quadro A Bowl of Strawberries on a Stone Plinth, de Adriaen Coorte. Guiados pelo papel que luz e sombra desempenham na configuração de cada obra, faremos apontamentos sobre a relação entre sujeito e objeto que nelas se constitui.
E. T. A. Hoffmann e o ideal de ópera romântica: o libreto de Undine à luz de seus escritos críticos
Authors: Stervid Beatriz
Published: February 2023

Neste artigo é desenvolvida uma breve análise da ópera Undine (1816), do compositor e escritor alemão E.T.A. Hoffmann (1776-1822), com libreto de Friedrich de La Motte-Fouqué (1777-1843), com o intuito de verificar as relações entre essa obra e a reflexão sobre ópera realizada por Hoffmann em seus escritos críticos.  Em muitos de seus ensaios de caráter ficcional, bem como em suas resenhas de crítica musical, Hoffmann desenvolve uma discussão sobre questões concernentes ao gênero operístico, fazendo uso do termo “romântico” para designar seus ideais estéticos. Tendo em vista que Undine é considerada uma das primeiras óperas românticas alemãs, propomos uma análise das seguintes questões: em primeiro lugar, o que Hoffmann entendia por “ópera romântica”? Em segundo, em que medida Undine reflete seus ideais estéticos, especificamente quanto ao libreto e a sua relação com a música? Espera-se evidenciar essa provável relação entre teoria e prática como um caminho possível de investigação das raízes do Romantismo na ópera de tradição alemã.
Cardiovascular Events Among Survivors of Sepsis Hospitalization: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Lawler Patrick R. , Van Houten Holly K. , Yao Xiaoxi , Kashani Kianoush B. , Dunlay Shannon M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Sepsis is associated with an elevated risk of late cardiovascular events among hospital survivors.

Methods and Results

We included OptumLabs Data Warehouse patients from 2009 to 2019 who survived a medical/nonsurgical hospitalization lasting at least 2 nights. The association between sepsis during hospitalization, based on explicit and implicit discharge
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
)/
Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) diagnosis codes, with subsequent death and rehospitalization was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards models. The study population included 2 258 464 survivors of nonsurgical hospitalization (5 396 051 total patient‐years of follow‐up). A total of 808 673 (35.8%) patients had a sepsis hospitalization, including implicit sepsis only in 448 644, explicit sepsis only in 124 841, and both in 235 188. Patients with sepsis during hospitalization had an elevated risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.25–1.28];
P
<0.001), all‐cause rehospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.37–1.39];
P
<0.001), and cardiovascular hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.41–1.44];
P
<0.001), especially heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.49–1.53]). Patients with implicit sepsis had higher risk than those with explicit sepsis. A sensitivity analysis using the first hospitalization yielded concordant results for cardiovascular hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.76–1.78];
P
<0.001), as did a propensity‐weighted analysis (adjusted HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.50–1.54];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Survivors of sepsis hospitalization are at elevated risk of early and late post‐discharge death as well as cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular rehospitalization. This hazard spans the spectrum of cardiovascular events and may suggest that sepsis is an important cardiovascular risk factor.
Mediation of Systemic Inflammation on Insulin Resistance and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jin Aoming , Wang Shukun , Li Jiejie , Wang Mengxing , Lin Jinxi , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong
Published: February 2023

Background:

Insulin resistance is associated with stroke recurrence and poor functional outcomes of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke. The study aimed to investigate whether the association between insulin resistance and the prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke was mediated by systematic inflammation.

Methods:

Patients with ischemic stroke but without a history of diabetes who were enrolled in CNSR-III (Third China National Stroke Registry) were included in the study and followed up for 1 year after stroke onset. Insulin resistance was determined by using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and Lp-PLA
2
(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A
2
) activity were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence, and other outcomes included composite vascular events, mortality, and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6). Multivariable Cox or logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between HOMA-IR and the study outcomes. A mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and the study outcomes mediated by systemic inflammation.

Results:

Among a total of 3808 nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke who were included in the study, the median HOMA-IR was 1.79 (interquartile range, 1.05–2.97). After adjustments for potential confounders, higher HOMA-IR quartiles were associated with higher risks of stroke recurrence, ischemic stroke, and composite vascular events, especially in the large artery atherosclerosis subtype. hs-CRP partially mediated the association between the HOMA-IR index and the prognosis of ischemic stroke (mediation proportion, 5.9% for stroke recurrence and 7.5% for composite vascular events). No evidence of Lp-PLA
2
activity mediating the association of insulin resistance with stroke outcomes was observed.

Conclusions:

Our study found that insulin resistance was associated with poor clinical outcomes in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke, which was partially mediated by hs-CRP with a modest amount.
Endovascular Therapy for Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Alemseged Fana , Nguyen Thanh N. , Alverne Francisco Mont’ , Liu Xinfeng , Schonewille Wouter J. , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: February 2023

Basilar artery occlusion is one of the most devastating neurological conditions with high risks of disability and mortality. Despite the overwhelming benefit of endovascular therapy (EVT) in the anterior circulation and observational data supporting the efficacy of EVT in the posterior circulation, evidence from randomized controlled trials in basilar artery occlusion had been lacking until recently. The BEST (Basilar Artery Occlusion Endovascular Intervention Versus Standard Medical Treatment) and BASICS (Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study) randomized trials showed a nonsignificant direction of benefit but failed to demonstrate the superiority of EVT over standard medical therapy in basilar artery occlusion. However, these trials paved the way for 2 subsequent positive trials by highlighting the importance of consecutive recruitment, fast enrollment and avoidance or minimization of cross-over. The recently completed ATTENTION (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion) and BAOCHE (Basilar Artery Occlusion Chinese Endovascular Trial) trials showed that EVT is beneficial for basilar artery occlusion within 24 hours of onset, with a treatment effect similar to what has been shown in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. In this topical review, we examine and contextualize the current evidence on EVT for basilar artery occlusion.
Sadism to Solidarity: Notes on Art, Philosophy, and the Algerian War
Authors: Toscano Alberto
Published: February 2023

This essay considers a range of artistic and intellectual responses to the Algerian War of Independence that foregrounded the problem of extreme violence. It homes in on the suggestive nexus between anti-colonial solidarities in the metropole and the obsessive concern of artistic, literary, and philosophical avant-gardes with the thought of the Marquis de Sade. It explores how the returns to and of Sade that punctuated the French intellectual scene over the twentieth century could serve as a prism through which to politicize, represent and challenge the manifestations of extreme state and para-state violence in a colonial setting.
Episodic Memory Retrieval Affects the Onset and Dynamics of Evidence Accumulation during Value-based Decisions
Authors: Kraemer Peter M. , Gluth Sebastian
Published: February 2023

In neuroeconomics, there is much interest in understanding simple value-based choices where agents choose between visually presented goods, comparable to a shopping scenario in a supermarket. However, many everyday decisions are made in the physical absence of the considered goods, requiring agents to recall information about the goods from memory. Here, we asked whether and how this reliance on an internal memory representation affects the temporal dynamics of decision making on a cognitive and neural level. Participants performed a remember-and-decide task in which they made simple purchasing decisions between money offers and snack items while undergoing EEG. Snack identity was presented either visually (value trials) or had to be recalled from memory (memory trials). Behavioral data indicated comparable choice consistency across both trial types, but considerably longer RTs in memory trials. Drift-diffusion modeling suggested that this RT difference was because of longer nondecision time of decision processes as well as altered evidence accumulation dynamics (lower accumulation rate and higher decision threshold). The nondecision time effect was supported by a delayed onset of the lateralized readiness potential. These results show that both decision and nondecision processes are prolonged when participants need to resort to internal memory representations during value-based decisions.
Oreocharis yangjifengensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve of Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: LI RUI-FENG , LE XIN-GUI , XU LIN , MACIEJEWSKI STEPHEN , CHEN BIN , WEN FANG
Published: February 2023

Oreocharis yangjifengensis F.Wen & B.Chen, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve, Yingtan city, Jiangxi province, East China, is described and illustrated. It can be easily distinguished from other Oreocharis species by having a zygomorphic and urceolate corolla, and peduncle, bracts, pedicel and calyx densely pale brown woolly to pubescent.
A new species of Hea Distant, 1906 from China, with annotated catalogue for the genus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae)
Authors: WANG CHENG-BIN
Published: February 2023

A new species of cicada, Hea qiuae Wang, sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae), is described and illustrated from Chongqing and Yunnan, Southwest China. An annotated catalogue and an updated key to the four species of Hea are presented.
A new tribe, genus and species of the tenebrionid subfamily Lagriinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: NABOZHENKO MAXIM V. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , NAZARENKO VITALIY YU.
Published: February 2023

A new genus and species are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Archaeoluprops groehni gen. et sp. nov. This fossil darkling beetle of the subfamily Lagriinae (Tenebrionidae) is externally similar to species of the tribes Lupropini and Goniaderini having the robust pubescent body and estriate elytra, but differs in the absence of intersegmental membranes between abdominal ventrites 3–5 (tentyrioid hinging) and accordingly the primary absence of defensive glands. Combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters and other differences from all extinct and extant lagriine tribes allows to establish the new tribe Archaeolupropini trib. nov. (type genus Archaeoluprops), which is probably a basal group in relation to the non-basal clade Lagriini–Chaerodini–Lupropini–Pycnocerini–Goniaderini–(probably Gonialaenini) + Laenini. All Baltic amber lagriine tribes are absent in extant faunas of middle latitudes of Europa.
miR-129-5p Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Inflammation by Inflammatory Signaling to Alleviate Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Authors: Song Zhengdong , Gao Yuwei , Zhao Yuhao , Feng Xiaofei , Zhao Zhenrui , Wang Wenji
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a spinal cord nerve dysfunction secondary to trauma. Until now, still no appropriate drug with unclear etiology. Therefore, it is to develop effective SCI treatment methods. Herein, we intended to detect the impact of miR-129-5p in SCI After establishment
of a mouse SCI model, the animals received intrathecal injection of agomir-miR-129-5p or normal saline. Then, the miR-129-5p’s effect was evaluated by assessing motor function, spinal cord tissue edema, apoptosis and inflammation of mice upon treatments and potential targeted pathways
of the miRNA were detected. Overexpressed miR-129-5p facilitated the wound healing with less spare tissue and water content. Additionally, overexpressed miR-129-5p suppressed the in vivo inflammation with decreased apoptotic rate of neurons. As SCI induced increased expression of HMGB1,
TLR4, and NF-κB in tissues, but the presence of miR-129-5p reversed the expressions. Collectively, this study elucidate miR-129-5p significantly improves inflammatory response and apoptosis, thereby improving the condition of SCI. These findings might provide a new theory for
the disorder, and promote the research progress on the disease.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC)-Derived Exosomes Regulates Growth of Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Ruying , Liu Xiulan , Tan Na
Published: February 2023

BMSCs promote breast cancer development mainly through tumor microenvironment pathway and secreting exosomes. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study mainly explores whether BMSC-derived exosomes influence breast cancer by mediating Hedgehog signaling pathway. MCF-7 and BMSC were
cultured and then assigned into MCF-7 +Vehicle group, MCF-7+ Exosome group, and MCF-7+Exosome+Gant61 (Hedgehog signaling blocker) group followed by analysis of cell proliferation and migration, p-Akt and β-catenin expression. MCF-7+Exosome group had the highest OD450 value compared
to other two groups (P >0.05). In addition, migration distance of MCF-7 cells was the highest in MCF-7+Exosome group without difference between other two groups (P >0.05). Gli1 and SMO expression in MCF-7+Exosome group was highest compared to other two groups (P
>0.05). In conclusion, exosome from BMSC promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. The mechanism may be through raising GLI1, Smo protein expression, further raising the Hedgehog signaling pathway to some extent.
The Role of RAP1GDS1 in the Inhibition of Glut1 Expression by Catechins in Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Su Weipeng , Liu Pan , Zhang Yang , Gong Zhongcheng , Zhao Huarong
Published: February 2023

Background: The paper aimed to investigate the role of Glut1 in the inhibition of the invasion and migration capabilities of tongue squamous carcinoma cell by Catechin. Materials and Methods: Transwell assay and scratch test were applied to measure the effect of Catechin
on the invasion and migration of the cells, and WB to detect the expression of each protein. Overexpressed lentivirus was used to up-regulate Glut1 in tongue squamous carcinoma cells, detecting whether the process can be reversed. After silencing RAP1GDS1 in tongue squamous carcinoma cells
by RNAi technology, the effect of Catechin on Glut1 expression was measured. Results: The results of Transwell assay and scratch test verified that Catechin can inhibit the invasion and migration. Subsequent WB experiments confirmed that Catechin can inhibit the expression of Glut1,
N-cadherin and Vimentin, while promote the expression of E-cadherin. The up-regulation of Glut1 can significantly reverse the inhibitory effect of Catechin. Silencing of RAP1GDS1 can inhibit the expression of Glut1. However, the up-regulation of Glut1 expression can significantly reverse this
process. WB result verified the inhibitive effect of Catechin on RAP1GDS1 in tongue squamous carcinoma cells. Conclusion: Catechin affects glycolytic activity by down-regulating Glut1 and induces EMT process inhibition. It is speculated that, through regulating Glut1 by silencing RAP1GDS1.
Meteorological Conditions of Extreme Heavy Rains over Coastal City Mumbai
Authors: Mohanty Shyama , Swain Madhusmita , Nadimpalli Raghu , Osuri K. K. , Mohanty U. C. , Patel Pratiman , Niyogi Dev
Published: February 2023

The city of Mumbai, India, frequently receives extreme rainfall (>204.5 mm day−1) during the summer monsoonal period (June–September), causing flash floods and other hazards. An assessment of the meteorological conditions that lead to these rain events is carried out for 15 previous cases from 1980 to 2020. The moisture source for such rain events over Mumbai is generally an offshore trough, a midtropospheric cyclone, or a Bay of Bengal depression. The analysis shows that almost all of the extreme rain events are associated with at least two of these conditions co-occurring. The presence of a narrow zone of high sea surface temperature approximately along the latitude of Mumbai over the Arabian Sea can favor mesoscale convergence and is observed at least 3 days before the event. Anomalous wind remotely supplying copious moisture from the Bay of Bengal adds to the intensity of the rain event. The presence of midtropospheric circulation and offshore trough, along with the orographic lifting of the moisture, give a unique meteorological setup to bring about highly localized catastrophic extreme rainfall events over Mumbai. The approach adopted in this study can be utilized for other such locales to develop location-specific guidance that can aid the local forecasting and emergency response communities. Further, it also provides promise for using data-driven/machine learning–based pattern analysis for developing warning triggers.

Significance Statement

We have identified the meteorological conditions that lead to extreme heavy rains over Mumbai, India. They are that 1) at least two of these rain-bearing systems, offshore trough, midtropospheric circulation, and Bay of Bengal depression moving north-northwestward are concurrently present, 2) an anomalous high SST gradient is present along the same latitude as Mumbai, and 3) the Western Ghats orography favors the rainfall extreme to be highly localized over Mumbai.
Stratospheric Modulation of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Warming-Induced Circulation Changes in an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Walz Roland , Garny Hella , Birner Thomas
Published: February 2023

The stratospheric polar vortex is dynamically coupled to the tropospheric circulation. Therefore, a better mechanistic understanding of this coupled system is important to interpret past and future circulation changes correctly. Previously, idealized simulations with a dry dynamical-core general circulation model and imposed tropical upper-tropospheric warming (TUTW) have shown that a critical warming level exists at which the polar vortex transitions from a weak and variable to a strong and stable regime. Here, we investigate the dynamical mechanism responsible for this regime transition and its influence on the troposphere by performing similar idealized experiments with (REF) and without a polar vortex (NPV). According to the critical-layer control mechanism, the strengthened upper flank of the subtropical jet in response to TUTW leads to an accelerated wave-driven residual circulation in both experiments. For the REF experiment, the stronger residual circulation is associated with changes in the lower-stratospheric thermal structure that are consistent with an equatorward shift of the polar vortex. At a certain threshold of TUTW in the REF experiment, the tropospheric jet and the stratospheric polar vortex form a confined waveguide for planetary-scale waves that presumably favors downward wave coupling events. Consistently, the polar vortex strengthens in combination with an enhanced poleward shift of the tropospheric jet compared to the NPV experiment. Overall, these idealized experiments suggest that a polar vortex strengthening can be caused by greenhouse gas–induced warmings via modifications of the waveguide. This mechanism might also be relevant to understand the polar vortex changes in more complex models.
Examining the Potential Influence of Violence Exposure on the Link Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Joyner Bridget , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: February 2023

Callous-unemotional traits have been consistently tied to non-violent and violent criminal involvement among adolescents and adults. However, research has yet to fully explore potential underlying mechanisms that explain how and why these associations exist. The current study addresses this gap by analyzing data drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I (NSCAW I) to examine violence exposure as a potential moderator to the association between callous-unemotional traits and delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Our analyses revealed that callous-unemotional traits were significantly associated with both delinquent and aggressive behaviors. However, we found no evidence to suggest that violence exposure moderates this association. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for future research.
Darkling Ventures: Conserving and Recasting War Heritage in Japan
Authors: Han Jung-Sun
Published: February 2023

This article investigates aspects of heritage and atrocity by bringing the Japanese case into focus. The dissonant nature of such dark cultural heritage has gained greater attention since the late 1990s in Japan and around the world, though scholarship has been largely limited to the European context. While locating the Japanese making of dark heritage in the context of the decomposition of the Cold War in Asia, I will first examine the process by which specific sites of past violence are transformed into war heritage in Japan. Second, I will explore how changing values and attitudes toward war-related sites causes changes in strategic planning for heritage management. These two themes will be demonstrated through an examination of civic activities to conserve the remains of underground warehouses built during the Second World War in Nagano and Osaka.
Economic factors affecting environmental pollution in two Nigerian cities: A comparative study
Authors: Ogunbode Timothy O , Jazat Joseph P , Akande John A
Published: February 2023

Environmental quality is a sustainability issue influenced by economic realities. To understand their relationships and influence, a comparative study of economic factors that affect pollution in Iwo and Ibadan metropolia was carried out. Data for the study was generated by administering 1067 structured questionnaires at both locations out of which 215 and 658 were, respectively, retrieved from Iwo and Ibadan. Demographic features of the respondents assessed as female gender, married status, tertiary education, a Christian sect, and household size of two to five, were 52%, 67%,79%, 67%, and 55% in that order for Iwo; while for Ibadan, the figures were 67%, 61%, 86%, 69%, and 58% in the same order. The six economic factors evaluated were; (1) income, (2) accommodation & living standards, (3) waste & noise management regimen, (4) energy utilization (5), inclination toward a green economy, and (6) waste sorting technology and adoption. KMO (74.8%) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity showed that the data were factorable at p <  0.005. Results considered three of the economic variables as significant enough to explain 59.3% of the pollution state in Iwo and 60.2% in Ibadan. Of major importance for Iwo were waste & noise management regime (22.5%), accommodation & living standards (18.7%), and inclination towards a green economy (18.3%). In Ibadan, the three extracted factors also explained 60.2% of all economic variables affecting pollution. These were accommodation and living standards (24.4%), inclination towards a green economy (18.8%), and waste & noise management regime (17.0%). That means the strong economic influencers of pollution were common to both cities, even though, their order of importance varied. In other words, their degree of influence on pollution may be location dependent. Conclusively, the people's standard of living and inclination towards a green economy are compelling determinants of environmental pollution and so should be considered by stakeholders in formulating associated policies.
Low infrared emissivity composite materials for multi-band camouflage
Authors: Su Ying , Zhao Xiaoming , Feng Zhe
Published: February 2023

Infrared camouflage textile materials have the advantages of softness, portability, and wearability. They are the main raw materials of infrared camouflage clothing, backpacks, camouflage nets, and tents. In this paper, from the perspective of reducing infrared emissivity to achieve the purpose of camouflage, metal materials were selected as functional particles and combined with textile materials to prepare polyurethane infrared camouflage composite materials with low emissivity, whose lowest emissivity in the wavelength range of 2–22 μm can reach 0.58. On this basis, two kinds of low infrared emissivity composite materials that can be used for multi-band camouflage were developed. One is to add modified graphene into the coating to improve the conductivity of the coating and reduce the gloss of the coating, to prepare visible and infrared camouflage coated fabric. When the amount of graphene is 10% of the filler content, the coated fabric has low gloss and low emissivity at the same time. Compared with the fabric without graphene coating, the glossiness is reduced by 31%, while the infrared emissivity is only increased by 0.1. The second is to prepare composite materials with infrared camouflage and microwave absorption functions by compounding low infrared emissivity and microwave absorbing coating. The minimum infrared emissivity of the two composites was 0.76 and 0.58, respectively. In this study, a variety of materials was used to prepare low infrared emissivity fabrics with low glossiness or good microwave absorption capacity, which provided a reference for the preparation of multi-band camouflage fabrics and was expected to be applied in the field of military camouflage.
Rural Military Veterans of Color and STEM Occupational Outcomes
Authors: McDaniel Justin T. , Henson Harvey , DeRuntz Bruce , Brown Daniel , Hunter-Johnson Yvonne , Albright David L.
Published: February 2023

Although the literature on veteran differences in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupational outcomes by gender is established and veteran/nonveteran differences in STEM outcomes are well studied, we fill a gap in the literature by examining the following two research questions in this study: (1) are rural veterans less likely than urban veterans to be employed in a STEM occupation and how does race/ethnicity modify this relationship; (2) among veterans in a STEM occupation, does total income vary by rural/urban location and race/ethnicity? We retrieved data on employed military veterans ( n = 845,467) aged 18 to 65 years from the 2008–2020 American Community Survey. Results showed that rural-dwelling Black and Hispanic veterans were less likely than Whites to be employed in a STEM field. Among veterans employed in a STEM field, rural-dwelling Hispanics had lower annual incomes than Whites. As such, future STEM education programs should target rural-dwelling veterans of color.
A Typology of Marital Quality among Javanese People
Authors: Nurhayati Siti Rohmah , Setiawati Farida Agus , Adira Nesya
Published: February 2023

Marital quality typologies have been the subject of many studies in Western psychology, and dimensions of marital quality have been associated with various positive life outcomes. However, marital quality in the context of a collectivist culture, where marriage could have a different quality, has not been explored extensively. This study aimed to classify marital quality among Javanese people, one of the largest groups representing collectivist culture in Indonesia. Using data collected online from participants in five regions in Java ( N = 889), we conducted a cluster analysis based on a two-dimensional marital quality scale (relationship and well-being). Three types of marital quality emerged from the analysis, namely, flourishing, functional, and surviving marriages. The flourishing type was the most positive marital quality indicator. Participants belonging to this type reported better relationship quality and well-being compared to the other two types.