bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La segregación por género en la Formación Profesional (FP). Hallazgos y propuestas a partir de un proceso participativo de diseño de políticas públicas de juventud en Ontinyent, Valencia, España
Authors: Ortega Javier , Piciucchi Danny , Ruiz-Callado Raúl , De-Gracia-Soriano Pablo
Published: May 2020

La Formación Profesional (FP) es uno de los campos sobre los que más debate está habiendo en la actualidad. Se trata de una modalidad formativa vinculada expresamente al mercado laboral y que tiene, por tanto, efectos sustanciales en el desarrollo profesional de la juventud. Este artículo pretende ofrecer reflexiones y propuestas que surgen de la juventud que participó en el proceso de investigación y en el diseño del I Plan de Juventud de Ontinyent (Valencia).  En concreto, se presenta la Formación Profesional desde una perspectiva de género y desde la mirada de la juventud, con un enfoque participativo que permite la reflexión, el debate, la deliberación y el diseño bottom-up de ejes estratégicos para la ejecución de políticas públicas. A partir del consenso en la existencia de un escenario actual con una clara segregación por género en la FP, se ponen en relación tres ideas-fuerza sobre las cuáles se profundiza, desde un marco cualitativo, en las causas, los efectos y las posibles propuestas que deberían programarse para revertir dicha problemática. Estas ideas-fuerza son: la estigmatización de la FP, la segregación por género en la FP en función de las familias profesionales y los procesos de orientación formativa. En definitiva, se presenta una investigación que atiende a nuevas tendencias emergentes en este campo, tratando al mismo tiempo de contribuir a valorar la FP, resituar el debate desde la perspectiva de género y, además, visibilizar las potencialidades de los procesos participativos en el marco del diseño de políticas públicas de juventud.
David Forrest, the Scottish Reformer and a Reattributed Provenance of a Calvin Commentary in the John Rylands Library
Authors: Forrest Martin A.
Published: May 2020

This article reveals that the original owner of a first edition copy of John Calvin’s Commentarii in Isaiam Prophetam (Geneva, Ioannis Crispini, 1551) in the collection of the John Rylands Library (Unitarian Printed Q.1904) was not the unknown David Forrest of Carluke, Lanarkshire as asserted and recorded by Alexander Gordon, Principal of the Unitarian Home Missionary College, Manchester, from whom the library acquired the book, but was the recognised Scottish Reformer and compatriot of John Knox, David Forrest of Haddington. An investigation into Forrest’s background, gleaned mainly from contemporary documents, provides biographical details and an insight into the role this reformer played during the Scottish Reformation and demonstrates that Forrest’s ownership of the Calvin Commentary is historically noteworthy. A comparison of Forrest’s signature in the book with one made in a document during his position as General of the Scottish Mint proves his ownership beyond doubt.
Animación con expresiones
Authors: Duque Josep Maria
Published: May 2020

Dentro del campo de la animación por ordenador se utilizan diferentes técnicas para animar los objetos de una escena: desde la animación "manual" fotograma a fotograma hasta técnicas de inteligencia artificial que mediante unos comportamientos predefinidos permiten dotar de vida a los personajes. Estos comportamientos no son más que programas o rutinas en un lenguaje determinado. 3D Studio dispone del lenguaje MaxScript para realizar este tipo de animación, aunque para tareas más simples pueden utilizarse descripciones matemáticas del movimiento mediante las expresiones que son tratadas en este artículo con un ejemplo práctico.
Protección del copyright en multimedia
Authors: Sáez Germán , Cruells Pere
Published: May 2020

Internet es actualmente el medio más usual de intercambio de información así como del comercio de bienes en soporte digital. Aunque existen unas leyes de propiedad intelectual y de protección de los derechos del Copyright, hay una verdadera urgencia por parte de los autores para encontrar soluciones al problema de la piratería. En esta dirección se encuentra trabajando actualmente la Criptografía.
Universally high transcript error rates in bacteria
Authors: Li Weiyi , Lynch Michael
Published: May 2020

Errors can occur at any level during the replication and transcription of genetic information. Genetic mutations derived mainly from replication errors have been extensively studied. However, fundamental details of transcript errors, such as their rate, molecular spectrum, and functional effects, remain largely unknown. To globally identify transcript errors, we applied an adapted rolling-circle sequencing approach to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Mesoplasma florum, revealing transcript-error rates 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding genetic mutation rates. The majority of detected errors would result in amino-acid changes, if translated. With errors identified from 9929 loci, the molecular spectrum and distribution of errors were uncovered in great detail. A G→A substitution bias was observed in M. florum, which apparently has an error-prone RNA polymerase. Surprisingly, an increased frequency of nonsense errors towards the 3′ end of mRNAs was observed, suggesting a Nonsense-Mediated Decay-like quality-control mechanism in prokaryotes.
Limited proteolysis of pyranose 2-oxidase results in a stable and active complex
Authors: Islam Tanzila , Booker Catherine , Tolkatchev Dmitri , Ha Su , Kostyukova Alla S.
Published: May 2020

Glucose oxidating enzymes have a tremendous potential for various energy, healthcare and environmental sensing applications. In this work, we studied the effect of reducing the size of pyranose 2-oxidase (POx) on stability and enzymatic activity of proteolyzed POx. Limited proteolysis of the POx was performed using trypsin to remove flexible structural regions without significant damage to the overall conformation and catalytic activity of the enzyme. Enzymatic activities of the modified and wild-type POx were measured by colorimetric coupled reaction assay and compared. The enzymatic activity of the modified POx showed 90% activity compared to the wild-type POx. This result indicates that reducing the size of the protein can be done without losing enzymatic activity and such enzymes potentially could provide a larger gain in electrochemical activity compared with wild-type enzymes.
Ancient genetic divergence in bumblebee catfish of the genus Pseudopimelodus (Pseudopimelodidae: Siluriformes) from northwestern South America
Authors: Rangel-Medrano José D. , Ortega-Lara Armando , Márquez Edna J.
Published: May 2020

Pseudopimelodus is a Neotropical genus of bumblebee catfish, composed of four valid species occurring in both trans- and cis-Andean rivers of South America. The orogeny of the Andes has led to diversification in the genus Pseudopimelodus in Colombia. This study analyzed partial sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear rag2 genes to test the hypothesis that the species, nominally recognized as P. schultzi and P. bufonius in Colombia, correspond to more than two different evolutionary lineages. Results indicate high levels of genetic divergence among individuals of nominal P. schultzi and P. bufonius, from trans- and cis-Andean basins in Colombia. In addition, five divergent lineages of Pseudopimelodus were confidently delimited by using a single-locus species-discovery approach and confirmed by species tree analyses. Additionally, molecular-clock dating showed that most diversification processes in Pseudopimelodus took place during the Miocene, when Andean tectonic evolution was occurring in northwestern South America. The present study provides, for the first time, phylogeographic insight into this Neotropical genus.
Recent advances in the contribution of noncoding RNAs to cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Wen Xin , Liu Shui , Sheng Jiyao , Cui Manhua
Published: May 2020

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major disease burden on the female population worldwide. Chemotherapy with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) and related drugs are the main treatment option for CC; however, their efficacy is limited by the development of drug resistance. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to play critical roles in numerous physiological and pathological cellular processes, including drug resistance of cancer cells. In this review, we describe some of the ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, that are involved in the sensitivity/resistance of CC to CDDP-based chemotherapy and discuss their mechanisms of action. We also describe some ncRNAs that could be therapeutic targets to improve the sensitivity of CC to CDDP-based chemotherapy.
Analysis of Korean Nursing Studies Applied in Interpersonal Caring Theory
Authors: Kim Heeyoung
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze Korean research papers in which Interpersonal Caring Theory was applied and suggest future directions for effective application and development. Methods: Data collection was done through electronic databases RISS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL and SCHOLAR. Twenty papers were analyzed according to general characteristics, interventions, variables and findings. Results: The number of published papers per publication year was 5 in the 2000s and 15 in the 2010s. The type of research design was for case studies, 1, for survey studies, 8 and for quasi experimental studies, 11. Participants in the studies included students, nurses, patients, office workers, volunteers and widows. Interventions used included drama therapy, Enneagram based interpersonal caring, horticulture, hospice, multimedia, music and rehabilitation. Variables that were related to Interpersonal Caring work included anxiety, college life adjustment, emotional intelligence, grief, happiness heart rate variability, hope, interpersonal caring behaviors, interpersonal relations, job stress, knowledge on self illness, loneliness, mental health, quality of life, self-esteem, serum cortisol, social behavior and stress coping. Emotional intelligence, interpersonal relations, job stress, loneliness and self-esteem were among the variables that did not work. Conclusion: The results show that Interpersonal Caring Theory can be a micro-range theory of nursing care that can be applied with clients in many fields by converging with various activities.
Study of Mineral Nutrient Accumulation in Different Cultivars of Guava Fruits
Authors: Kumari Dhyanananda , Prasad Muneshwar , Ahmad Feza
Published: May 2020

Guava, is one of the most promising fruit crops of India and is considered to be one of the exquisite nutritionally valuable and remunerative crops. We are unaware of any report describing macro and micronutrient dynamics in fruit at different growth stages of guava. Micronutrients play an important role in production and their deficiency lead in lowering the productivity. For conducting this experiment fruit of variety Allahabad Safeda, L-49, Lalit, Shweta, Arka Kiran, Salithong, Kimchu were collected at different stages like Marble, Stone hardening & Harvest stage for estimation of primary nutrient (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (Ca, Mg) & micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). The nutrient content particularly N, K, Mg, and Mn are highest in variety of Allahabad Safeda, whereas, P and Ca are highest in variety Lalit. Micronutrient Fe recorded highest in Salithong while Zn and Cu were accumulated maximum in Arka Kiran and Kimchu respectively. Recommendation of fertilizer at various growth stages is paramount for precise nutritional management for which the requirement of different nutrition is essential.
Current Knowledge on the Pathogenesis of and Therapeutic Options against SARS-CoV-2: An Extensive Review of the Available Evidence
Authors: Adesanya Oluwafolajimi A. , Adewale Boluwatife A. , Ebengho Ikponmwosa G. , Okwunze Kenechukwu F. , Ebengho Judith O. , Fakorede Olayinka A. , Olugbamigbe Ifeoluwa D. , Igwe Hilda A.
Published: May 2020

Background: By May 16, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus had spread to 188 countries, infecting over 4.6 million people and causing 310,520 fatalities. A major factor responsible for the voracious spread of the virus is the lack of specific therapeutics for treatment. Current efforts have focused on repurposing existing agents with proven antiviral properties for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of the virus; the current standard of care and state of knowledge on the antiviral effect of some of the therapeutic options, including Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir combination and Convalescent Plasma; and examine the efforts so far towards the development of a vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Body: The current standard of care which includes supportive treatment and oxygen therapy are crucial in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Convalescent plasma has a strong immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of both MERS- CoV and SARS-CoV infections, which many clinical studies have shown to be applicable for treating SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir (GS-5734), an experimental Ebola virus drug effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro and in-vivo, and has recently been given emergency use authorization by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) following early signs of success in human clinical trials. The therapeutic potential of the Lopinavir/Ritonavir combination has been extensively explored, and though promising; it had no significant effect on viral clearance and has been associated with severe adverse reactions. Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine have been shown to effectively inhibit the infection in-vitro and in animal models, and had a significant viral clearance. Most vaccine development efforts remain in Phase I stage of development.

Conclusion: The current state of knowledge about the therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 shows great promise, however, more structured clinical studies are needed to provided much needed evidence to support the establishment of proper guidelines of therapy to curb the pandemic.
Overview of the Management of COVID-19 Efficacy and Doubts
Authors: Ayodeji O. A. , Stanley C. N. , Stanley P. C.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified during an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Management of COVID-19 is still unspecific as there are no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs are available for its treatment. This paper reviews the management efficacy and doubt of COVID-19.

Methods: A comprehensive search from relevant literatures, World Health Organization (W.H.O), Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) official websites and announcements was performed between 1 March 2020 to 10:30 am 22 April 2020 (Nigerian time). A latest summary of 2019- nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn.

Conclusion: The covid-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly and several researchers are making efforts to discover drugs for its treatment. Chloroquine phosphate, vaccines and other forms of management strategies have been employed. However, preventive measures like social distancing, washing of hands with soap and water, wearing of face masks and psychosocial treatment should be adopted while waiting for pharmacological treatments.
GAO criticizes CMS for burying Medicare SUD information
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2020

When the January 2020 edition of Medicare & You, the guide the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issues to beneficiaries every year, was released, there was a brief description of the new coverage benefit for Medicare beneficiaries with opioid use disorders (OUDs): treatment for opioid use disorders, including methadone maintenance in an opioid treatment program. However, the booklet does not include anything explicit, and this can lead to Medicare beneficiaries not seeking needed treatment, according to a study by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), which also reviewed the fall 2019 edition of Medicare & You and found a similar lack of information.
Synthesis of a High‐Capacity NiO/Ni Foam Anode for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Youngseok , Hwang Junesun , Lee Sukyung , Thirumalraj Balamurugan , Kim Jae-Hun , Jenei Péter , Gubicza Jenő , Choe Heeman
Published: May 2020

In recent years, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are used in a range of energy storage applications, such as mobile phones, electronic devices, and automobiles. Some recent research on LIBs has looked at replacing carbonaceous anode materials with transition metal oxides due to their high theoretical capacity, ranging from 500 to 1000 mAh g−1. In particular, NiO is considered as one of the most promising options due to its high theoretical capacity (718 mAh g−1). Herein, a porous NiO/Ni anode is fabricated via freezing/drying followed by thermal oxidation. The fabricated porous NiO/Ni anode is then characterized using X‐ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The cycling performance of the freeze‐cast NiO/Ni anode is evaluated using a half‐coin cell test, and it demonstrates superior electrochemical performance and good cycling stability during the charging/discharging process. The freeze‐cast NiO/Ni anode also exhibits a higher rate performance when compared with that of commercial Ni foam and a conventional graphite anode. It is revealed that the initial crystalline surface oxide layer is amorphized, and the lattice defect density increases in the Ni struts during the lithiation process. However, these microstructure changes did not influence considerably the good electrochemical performance of the material.
Cathode Architectures for Rechargeable Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang
Published: May 2020

To satisfy the rising demand for energy, battery electrodes with higher loading, to simultaneously increase areal energy and power, are necessary. Nevertheless, in conventional thin‐film electrodes, there is mutual exclusion between energy (capacity) and power. Increasing the thickness of electrodes alone is not feasible since this will lead to reductions in ion‐diffusion efficiency, as well as electrode flexibility. To address this difficulty, 3D electrode architectures, especially cathode architectures, are proposed to pave a new path for the design and optimization of battery devices. Recent research suggests that 3D cathode architectures may optimize the configuration and engineering processes of battery technologies. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of cathode architectures in various rechargeable‐ion‐battery technologies is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the different architecture strategies, areal loading, and mechanical understanding of 3D electrodes. Upcoming research directions are further outlined for future development in this field.
Self‐Stratifying Porous Silicones with Enhanced Liquid Infusion and Protective Skin Layer for Biofouling Prevention
Authors: Vena Alex , Kolle Stefan , Stafslien Shane , Aizenberg Joanna , Kim Philseok
Published: May 2020

Liquid‐infused silicones are a promising solution for common surface adhesion problems, such as ice accumulation and biofilm formation, yet they generally lack the tunability, mechanical durability and/or longevity essential for industrial applications. Self‐stratifying porous silicones (SPS) infused with compatible silicone oil are developed as a passive strategy to address these shortcomings. Through emulsion templating, porosity is formed in the bulk polymer, providing increased free volume for oil infusion, while a non‐porous skin layer is formed at the surface. The bulk porosity and pore size distribution of SPS are independently controlled by varying water and surfactant concentration respectively, leading to a higher volume of oil infusion and improved oil retention relative to an unmodified silicone. Despite a higher oil loading and bulk porosity, the skin layer provides liquid‐infused SPS with a comparable surface elasticity to liquid‐infused silicones. The potential of liquid‐infused SPS as a nontoxic fouling release coating for marine applications is demonstrated using laboratory assays against a variety of soft and hard fouling organisms.
AIE Bioconjugates for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Haixiang , Xiong Ling‐Hong , Kwok Ryan Tsz Kin , He Xuewen , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2020

Fluorescence‐based techniques have found potential biomedical applications owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and in situ characteristics. Traditional fluorescent probes suffer from aggregation‐caused quenching effects, which limit their usage at high concentrations or in nanoparticles. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), on the other hand, is a phenomenon wherein luminogens are non‐emissive in dilute solutions but highly emissive in the aggregate and solid states. AIE bioconjugates formed by covalent linkage of AIE luminogens to biomolecules are especially promising candidates for biomedical applications because they show excellent biocompatibility, good water solubility, high specificity to the target of interest, wide functionality, and smart responsiveness. This review summarizes the methodologies in synthesizing AIE bioconjugates and their intricate applications in biosensing, bioimaging, image‐guided therapy, and “Lab‐in‐cell” over the past 20 years. Perspectives are also shared to inspire enthusiasm and motivate researchers to further develop this emerging field.
Oxytrifluoromethylthiolation of 2,3‐Allenoates with Trifluoromethanesulfinyl Chloride: A Synthetic Approach to Trifluoromethylthiolated 4‐Oxo‐2(E)‐alkenoates and Furans
Authors: Yan Jun , Jiang Min , Song Li‐Ping , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: May 2020

The trifluoromethylthiolation‐based bifunctionalization of 2,3‐allenoates is demonstrated. Using trifluoromethanesulfinyl chloride as cheap and easily available SCF3 source, trifluoromethylthiolated 4‐oxo‐2(E)‐alkenoate and furan derivatives were synthesized via oxytrifluoromethylthiolation under different conditions, respectively. A possible mechanism was proposed based on reaction results and control experiments.

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Advances in Antimicrobial Organic and Inorganic Nanocompounds in Biomedicine
Authors: Wang Chen‐yu , Makvandi Pooyan , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na
Published: May 2020

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an important issue in contemporary society. To date, infection‐related problems persist despite intensive research efforts by chemists and biologists. Much effort has been devoted over the last decade to the development of organic/nonmetallic inorganic nanocompounds with antimicrobial activities for overcoming human infections and illnesses produced by antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. Both organic nanomaterials such as chitosan nanoparticles and conductive‐based polymer nanocompounds, as well as nonmetallic inorganic nanomaterials such as carbon‐based nanocompounds and modified nanoceramics, have been manufactured and employed in medicine for treating multidrug‐resistant infections. This review describes the most recent advances in the biomedical applications of antibacterial organic/nonmetallic inorganic nanocompounds.
CNT‐Assembled Octahedron Carbon‐Encapsulated Cu3P/Cu Heterostructure by In Situ MOF‐Derived Engineering for Superior Lithium Storage: Investigations by Experimental Implementation and First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Lin Jia , Zeng Chenghui , Lin Xiaoming , Xu Chao , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: May 2020

Conspicuously, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as homogenously and periodically atom‐dispersed self‐sacrificial template for in situ engineering of hierarchical porous carbon‐encapsulated micro/nanoheterostructure materials, integrating the merits of micro/nanostructure to high‐volumetric energy storage. Copper phosphide represents a promising candidate due to its compact material density compared to commercial graphite. Herein, micro/nanostructured Cu3P/Cu encapsulated by carbon‐nanotube‐assembled hierarchical octahedral carbonaceous matrix (Cu3P/Cu@CNHO) is constructed by an in situ MOF‐derived engineering for novel anode material in LIBs, which achieves an extraordinary cycling stability (a well‐maintained gravimetric/volumetric capacity of 463.2 mAh g−1/1878.4 mAh cm−3 at 1 A g−1 up to 1600 cycles) and distinguished rate capability (an ameliorated capacity of 317.7 mAh g−1 even at 10 A g−1), together with unprecedented heat‐resistant capability (an elevated temperature of 50 °C for 1000 cycles maintaining 434.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). The superior electrochemical performance of Cu3P/Cu@CNHO is credited to the large specific surface area, conductive carbon matrix and metallic copper dopants, synergistic effects of the intrinsic Cu3P/Cu heterostructure, and well‐defined micro/nanostructure, facilitating a boosted electrochemical conductivity and accelerated diffusion kinetics.
Gradient 2D/3D Perovskite Films Prepared by Hot‐Casting for Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Loi Hok‐Leung , Cao Jiupeng , Guo Xuyun , Liu Chun‐Ki , Wang Naixiang , Song Jiajun , Tang Guanqi , Zhu Ye , Yan Feng
Published: May 2020

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites have attracted wide attention recently because of tunable optoelectronic properties and have been used as alternatives to their 3D counterparts in various optoelectronic devices. Here, a series of (PEA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 perovskite thin films is designed and fabricated by a convenient hot‐casting method to obtain gradient n in the films, which leads to the formation of vertical heterojunctions that can enhance charge separation in the films under light illumination. Based on a single gradient perovskite film, a highly sensitive and stable photodetector with a responsivity up to 149 AW−1 and a specific detectivity of 2 × 1012 Jones is obtained. This work paves a way to realizing high‐performance optoelectronic devices with enhanced charge separation by introducing compositional gradient in a perovskite film.
Mn‐Rich P′2‐Na0.67[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 as High‐Energy‐Density and Long‐Life Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Ji Ung , Jo Jae Hyeon , Park Yun Ji , Lee Kug‐Seung , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: May 2020

Herein, P′2‐type Na0.67[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 is introduced as a promising new cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that exhibits remarkable structural stability during repetitive Na+ de/intercalation. The ONiOMnOFeO bond in the octahedra of transition‐metal layers is used to suppress the elongation of the MnO bond and to improve the electrochemical activity, leading to the highly reversible Na storage mechanism. A high discharge capacity of ≈220 mAh g−1 (≈605 Wh kg−1) is delivered at 0.05 C (13 mAg−1) with a high reversible capacity of ≈140 mAh g−1 at 3 C and excellent capacity retention of 80% over 200 cycles. This performance is associated with the reversible P′2–OP4 phase transition and small volume change upon charge and discharge (≈3%). The nature of the sodium storage mechanism in a full cell paired with a hard carbon anode reveals an unexpectedly high energy density of ≈542 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 C and good capacity retention of ≈81% for 500 cycles at 1 C (260 mAg−1).
Is Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder a Risk Factor for Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Fantini Maria Livia , Fedler Janel , Pereira Bruno , Weintraub Daniel , Marques Ana‐Raquel , Durif Franck
Published: May 2020

Objective

To assess the association between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and other determinants and incident impulse control disorder behaviors (ICBs) in patients with early Parkinson disease (PD) using longitudinal data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative.

Methods

Four hundred one newly diagnosed PD patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline (BL), month 6, and annually for 5 years. Probable RBD (pRBD) was assessed with the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) and dichotomized using a cutoff value of ≥6. The association of BL and time‐dependent (TD) pRBD and other covariates with the development of ICB symptoms was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression and general estimating equation logistic regression. Models considered adjustment for age, sex, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), RBD medication use, total levodopa equivalent daily dose, and dopamine agonist (DA) and antidepressant medication use.

Results

Both BL pRBD and TD pRBD were not associated with an increased risk for incident ICB symptoms after adjustment for covariates (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, p = 0.458 and HR = 1.27, p = 0.257, respectively). In a modified TD pRBD model (ie, considering subjects as pRBD onward from the first time point with RBDSQ score ≥ 6), the risk for incident ICB symptoms was higher in pRBD in unadjusted (HR = 1.48, p = 0.038) but not adjusted (HR = 1.29, p = 0.203) models. TD DA use (HR = 1.64, p = 0.039), TD GDS‐15 score (HR = 1.12, p < 0.001), and male sex (year 3: HR = 2.10, p = 0.009; year 4: HR = 3.04, p = 0.006; year 5: HR = 4.40, p = 0.007) were associated with increased ICB symptom risk.

Interpretation

pRBD is not clearly associated with ICB symptom development in early PD, in contrast to DA use, depression, and male sex. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:759–770
Catalytically Active Hollow Fiber Membranes with Enzyme‐Embedded Metal–Organic Framework Coating
Authors: Bell Daniel Josef , Wiese Monika , Schönberger Ariel Augusto , Wessling Matthias
Published: May 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are suitable enzyme immobilization matrices. Reported here is the in situ biomineralization of glucose oxidase (GOD) into MOF crystals (ZIF‐8) by interfacial crystallization. This method is effective for the selective coating of porous polyethersulfone microfiltration hollow fibers on the shell side in a straightforward one‐step process. MOF layers with a thickness of 8 μm were synthesized, and fluorescence microscopy and a colorimetric protein assay revealed the successful inclusion of GOD into the ZIF‐8 layer with an enzyme concentration of 29±3 μg cm−2. Enzymatic activity tests revealed that 50 % of the enzyme activity is preserved. Continuous enzymatic reactions, by the permeation of β‐d‐glucose through the GOD@ZIF‐8 membranes, showed a 50 % increased activity compared to batch experiments, emphasizing the importance of the convective transport of educts and products to and from the enzymatic active centers.
Influence of screw configuration and processing parameters on the dissolution of ketoprofen in polymer blends
Authors: Restrepo‐Uribe Laura , Ioannidis Nicolas , Noriega Escobar María del Pilar
Published: May 2020

The solubility and dissolution enhancement of the poorly soluble drug ketoprofen (KTO) in polymer blends prepared by hot melt extrusion was studied using two different screw configurations while changing extrusion processing conditions. A number of different Soluplus and Kollidon SR blends were used as solid dispersion excipients. A design of experiments with three melt temperatures, three screw rotation speeds, and three fill factors was performed, and a phase‐gate methodology was implemented. Different characterization techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, optical and polarized light microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and dissolution testing were used. The results from differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed an amorphous solid solution. The characterization by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that KTO could interact with the polymer blend by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces. An optimal processing window was found for each screw configuration achieving more than 80% drug release in 8 hr.
Anticancer activity of bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources and synthetic bisindole hybrids
Authors: Zhang Yue , Hu Chunhong
Published: May 2020

The bisindole moiety, as a versatile pharmacophore, is one of the widespread heterocycles in naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive compounds. The bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources possess structural and mechanistic diversity, and they were found to be generally more active than monoindole alkaloids against various cancer cell lines. Moreover, some bisindole alkaloids such as the tubulin inhibitors, vinorelbine and vinblastine, have already been approved for cancer therapy, suggesting that bisindole alkaloids are a significant source of anticancer agents and lead hits. Bisindole hybrids have the potential to overcome drug resistance, enhance efficiency, and reduce severe side effects. The bisindole–lactam hybrid midostaurin has already been approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who are FLT3 mutation‐positive, highlighting the importance of bisindole hybrids in the development of novel anticancer agents. In this review, we present a brief account of the bisindole alkaloids derived from nature and of synthetic hybrids with potential anticancer activity developed in the recent 10 years.
Der Traglastindex zur Bewertung struktureller Eigenschaften von Straßenbrücken
Authors: Marzahn Gero , Mertzsch Olaf , Kramer Lisa
Published: May 2020

Seit Jahrzehnten wird der Zustand von Brückenbauwerken auf der Grundlage der Zustandsnote als Ergebnis einer Bauwerksprüfung bewertet. Jedoch zeigen durchgeführte Nachrechnungen von Brückenbauwerken, dass strukturellen Defizite, z. B. geringe oder nicht ausreichende Tragkapazitäten, durch Zustandsnoten nicht oder nur unzureichend abgebildet werden, solange keine entsprechenden Schäden oder ungewöhnliches Verhalten erkennbar sind. So sind Beispiele bekannt, bei denen defizitäre Brücken ersetzt werden müssen, obwohl die Zustandsnote auf eine gute Erhaltung schließen lässt und umgekehrt. Zur besseren Erfassung und Bewertung der strukturellen Eigenschaften einer Brücke, also der tragfähigkeitsrelevanten Eigenschaften eines Tragwerks, wurde ein weiterer, neuer Kennwert entwickelt. Der Traglastindex erlaubt eine andere Sicht, weil er anhand verschiedener Kriterien vermutete Defizite unabhängig vom baulichen Zustand benennt, denen im Weiteren nachzugehen ist. Insofern beschreiben beide Kennwerte, sowohl die Zustandsnote als auch der Traglastindex, den Zustand und die Nutzungsfähigkeit eines Bauwerks mit unterschiedlicher Blickrichtung und erlauben somit eine Vervollständigung des Gesamtbilds vom Bauwerk.
Stakeholder pressure for sustainability: Can ‘innovative capabilities’ explain the idiosyncratic response in the manufacturing firms?
Authors: Jakhar Suresh Kumar , Bhattacharya Arijit , Rathore Himanshu , Mangla Sachin Kumar
Published: May 2020

This study explores role of innovative capabilities in determining a manufacturing firm's response to stakeholder pressure for adopting sustainable practices. Drawing on the theory of conservatism, we delineate that the firm's response is idiosyncratic and undergirded in the nature of its innovative capabilities. Our empirical investigation reveals that the response to the stakeholder pressure is mediated by the nature of the firm's innovative capabilities. Indian manufacturing firms are identified as unit of analysis for this study. The individual manufacturing facilities implement the environmental practices. The findings suggest that the manufacturing firm's exposure to exploitative/exploratory innovative capabilities triggers sustainable behaviours with ephemeral focus and enduring focus. Further, the exploratory/exploitative innovation is capable of explaining idiosyncratic behaviour for the firms' sustainability practices adoption. The findings delineate, with analysis, that unlike China, regulatory stakeholder pressures in India inhibit the adoption of sustainable practices with enduring focus in manufacturing firms.
Biosurfactants: Production and application prospects in the food industry
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz G. , Guerra Jenyffer M. C. , Sarubbo Leonie A.
Published: May 2020

There has been considerable interest in the use of biosurfactants due to the diversity of structures and the possibility of production from a variety of substrates. The potential for industrial applications has been growing, as these natural compounds are tolerant to common processing methods and can compete with synthetic surfactants with regards to the capacity to reduce surface and interfacial tensions as well as stabilise emulsions while offering the advantages of biodegradability and low toxicity. Among biosurfactant‐producing microorganisms, some yeasts present no risks of toxicity or pathogenicity, making them ideal for use in food formulations. Indeed, the use of these biomolecules in foods has attracted industrial interest due to their properties as emulsifiers and stabilizers of emulsions. Studies have also demonstrated other valuable properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, enabling the aggregation of greater value to products and the avoidance of contamination both during and after processing. All these characteristics allow biosurfactants to be used as additives and versatile ingredients for the processing of foods. The present review discusses the potential application of biosurfactants as emulsifying agents in food formulations, such as salad dressing, bread, cakes, cookies, and ice cream. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive properties of these biomolecules are also discussed, demonstrating the need for further studies to make the use of the natural compounds viable in this expanding sector.
Exploring MDR‐TB Inhibitory Potential of 4‐Aminoquinazolines as Mycobacterium tuberculosis N‐Acetylglucosamine‐1‐Phosphate Uridyltransferase (GlmUMTB) Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Harun M. , Palkar Mahesh , Karpoormath Rajshekhar
Published: May 2020

Drug resistance tuberculosis is one of the challenging tasks that dictates the desperate need for the development of new antitubercular agents which operate via novel modes of action. Here, we are reporting on 4‐aminoquinazolines as M. tuberculosis N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmUMTB) inhibitors to overcome the problem of the MDR‐TB. Amongst the synthesized compounds, two of them were observed to be the effective compounds of the series (IC50=6.4 μM (H37Rv), MIC=25 μM (MDR‐TB) and IC50=2.9 μM (H37Rv), MIC=6.25 μM (MDR‐TB), respectively).
Persistent offenders and adolescence‐limited offenders: Differences in life‐courses
Authors: Pulkkinen Lea , Fadjukoff Päivi , Pitkänen Tuuli
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

As our previous study indicated, almost half of juvenile delinquents continued offending in adulthood, while the rest ceased to do so. We compared these groups with each other and with non‐offenders in the life‐course use of alcohol, identity development and life situation.

Methods

Based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, four groups were formed at age 42 for men and women: persistent, adolescence‐limited and adult‐onset offenders and non‐offenders. Longitudinal data (N = 369; 53% males) have been collected at ages 8, 14, 20, 27, 36, 42 and 50.

Results

Persistent offending, but not adolescence‐limited offending, was associated with the accumulation of problems in adulthood and an elevated risk of death before age 54. For males, persistent offending was associated with heavy drinking from adolescence to middle age, diffuse identity, high divorce rates and poverty. For females, persistent offending was associated with heavy drinking in adulthood and a higher rate of being outside the workforce in middle age. In males, adolescence‐limited offending was associated with more controlled drinking in adulthood, and in females, with early divorce from the partner and advanced identity.

Conclusions

Detecting the risks of the accumulation of problems and potential for positive transitions of juvenile delinquents until middle age will be important for prevention and treatment.
Ocular muscle metastasis as the initial presentation of a malignant pheochromocytoma: A unique case
Authors: Khataminia Gholamreza , Talaiezadeh Abdolhasan , Bagheri Ali , Nazari Pedram , Papan Amir Mohammad , Jazayeri Nematollah , Baghlani Roya
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we discuss a unique manifestation of malignant pheochromocytoma, which presented with ocular pain. The histopathological study pointed to a possible pheochromocytoma origin. Subsequently, the patient underwent thorough imaging and paraclinical evaluations, which confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
Intercalated water in aqueous batteries
Authors: Xiao Biwei
Published: May 2020

The unprecedentedly growing demand for energy storage devices in recent years calls for diversified chemistries with unique advantages. When it comes to safety and cost, aqueous battery systems have attracted tremendous attention. Owing to its small size, high polarity, and hydrogen bonding, water in the electrode materials, either in the form of structural water or cointercalated hydrated cations, drastically change the electrochemical behavior through multiple aspects. This review discusses the roles of water in aqueous batteries from how water molecules coordinate with cations to examples of water‐mediated reactions in different types of host materials.
Partially Fluorinated Copolymers as Oxygen Sensitive 19F MRI Agents
Authors: Taylor Nicholas G. , Chung Sang Hun , Kwansa Albert L. , Johnson Rob R. , Teator Aaron J. , Milliken Nina J. B. , Koshlap Karl M. , Yingling Yaroslava G. , Lee Yueh Z. , Leibfarth Frank A.
Published: May 2020

Effective diagnosis of disease and its progression can be aided by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Specifically, the inherent sensitivity of the spin–lattice relaxation time (T1) of 19F nuclei to oxygen partial pressure makes 19F MRI an attractive non‐invasive approach to quantify tissue oxygenation in a spatiotemporal manner. However, there are only few materials with the adequate sensitivity to be used as oxygen‐sensitive 19F MRI agents at clinically relevant field strengths. Motivated by the limitations in current technologies, we report highly fluorinated monomers that provide a platform approach to realize water‐soluble, partially fluorinated copolymers as 19F MRI agents with the required sensitivity to quantify solution oxygenation at clinically relevant magnetic field strengths. The synthesis of a systematic library of partially fluorinated copolymers enabled a comprehensive evaluation of copolymer structure–property relationships relevant to 19F MRI. The highest‐performing material composition demonstrated a signal‐to‐noise ratio that corresponded to an apparent 19F density of 220 mm, which surpasses the threshold of 126 mm 19F required for visualization on a three Tesla clinical MRI. Furthermore, the T1 of these high performing materials demonstrated a linear relationship with solution oxygenation, with oxygen sensitivity reaching 240×10−5 mmHg−1s−1. The relationships between material composition and 19F MRI performance identified herein suggest general structure–property criteria for the further improvement of modular, water‐soluble 19F MRI agents for quantifying oxygenation in environments relevant to medical imaging.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Heptacene Generation under Ambient Conditions: Utilization of Single‐crystal Interior as an Isolated Reaction Site
Authors: Hayashi Hironobu , Hieda Nao , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Chan Yee Seng , Aratani Naoki , Masuo Sadahiro , Yamada Hiroko
Published: May 2020

The photo‐induced generation of unstable molecules generally requires stringent conditions to prevent oxidation and the concomitant decomposition of the products. The visible‐light‐induced conversion of two heptacene precursors to heptacene was studied. Single crystals of bis‐ and mono‐α‐diketone‐type heptacene precursors (7‐DK2 and 7‐DK1, respectively), were prepared to investigate the effect of precursor structure on reactivity. The photoirradiation of a 7‐DK2 single crystal cleaved only one α‐diketone group, forming an intermediate bearing a pentacene subunit, while that of a 7‐DK1 single crystal gave rise to characteristic absorption peaks of heptacene and their increase in intensity with photoirradiation time, indicating the generation of heptacene without decomposition. Heptacene production was not observed when the precursors were photoirradiated in solution, implying that the single crystal interior provided isolation from the external environment, thus preventing heptacene oxidation.
Digital Extraction Column: Measurement and Modeling Techniques
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. , Schulz Jonas , Wirz Dominic , Schäfer Jan , Keller Alexander , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: May 2020

The digitization of extraction columns requires a profound knowledge of the present hydrodynamics/mass transport interaction as well as appropriate measurement techniques for the detection of relevant input and target values. In this article, the different techniques for droplet size distribution as well as concentration determination are presented and new methods for online evaluation are discussed. In combination with the simulation of droplet size, holdup and solute concentration distribution, an online‐capable process tool for controlling and optimizing extraction columns will be obtained.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Lemborexant: Findings From Single‐Dose and Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Phase 1 Studies in Healthy Adults
Authors: Landry Ishani , Nakai Kenya , Ferry Jim , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hall Nancy , Lalovic Bojan , Moline Margaret L.
Published: May 2020

Lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, is approved for the treatment of insomnia and is under investigation for treating other sleep disorders. Here we summarize pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety data from 3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 studies: single ascending doses in healthy adults (Study 001; 1‐200 mg; N = 64), multiple ascending doses in healthy and elderly adults (Study 002; 2.5‐75 mg; N = 55), and multiple doses in healthy white and Japanese adults (Study 003; 2.5‐25 mg; N = 32). Lemborexant exposure increased with increasing dose. The time to maximum concentration ranged from approximately 1 to 3 hours for the 5‐ and 10‐mg doses. The mean effective half‐life was 17 hours for lemborexant 5 mg and 19 hours for lemborexant 10 mg. The plasma concentration at 9 hours postdose was 27% of the maximum concentration following multiple dosing with lemborexant 10 mg. There were no clinically relevant effects on next‐morning residual sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Digital Symbol Substitution Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test) for doses through 10 mg/day, indicating no effect of residual plasma concentrations on next‐day residual effects. Lemborexant was well tolerated across the doses tested. There were no clinically relevant effects of age, sex, or race on lemborexant pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or safety. These results suggest that lemborexant at doses through 25 mg provides an overall pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profile suitable for obtaining the target pharmacologic effect supporting treatment of insomnia while minimizing residual effects during wake time.