bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soliton Domain Wall Concept: Analytical and Numerical Investigation in Digital Magnetic Recording System
Authors: Noula Tefouet Joseph D. , Yemélé David
Published: May 2021

To introduce Soliton theory in magnetic recording systems, we begin with the profile of Domain Wall, which is key elements of recording systems, knowing that many different Domain Walls shape exist. For this, we consider the recording media as chain of atoms (spin) and, we use the Hamiltonian to describe the global state of the system; by taking into consideration interaction between the neighboring spin and anisotropic interaction. Spins are considered as classical vector; for that, we defined the cosine and sine of angles that specify the position of the spins. They are developed in Taylor’s series until second order then using the approximation of continuous medium we obtained the Lagragian relation. This Lagragian enables us to describe the dynamics of spin through the wave velocity. As we are fine just the profile of domain wall it is beneficial for us to consider the wall at rest (static) and by the aid of Euler equation we obtain two simple equations; using the equilibrium conditions, the differential equation is obtained and solved by the quadratic method and separation variables method. The profile of domain wall that we obtain is at a particular position, then analytical and numerical simulation give us the opportunity to see that profile of that domain wall is a Kink, anti-Kink Soliton and also Soliton Train. Using this magnetic Soliton wave (Domain Wall), we also evaluate the playback voltage V (x), the peak voltage and the half pulse width PW50 to confirm the uses of this DW profile in magnetic recording systems and insure validity of this work.
Oswald Spengler and Mikhail Menshikov: Culture Estimation from the Standpoint of State Interests
Authors: Shevchenko Pyotr A.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the comparative analysis of certain aspects of the socio-political views of Oswald Spengler and Mikhail Menshikov. The author reveals certain similarity of the processes of their personal formation, which could also affect the conformity of their views on a number of issues of the cultural development of the state and nation, perceived syncretically. The comparison of Menshikov’s ideas in the period of his work in “The Nedelya” journal with the views of Spengler expressed in his fundamental work “The Decline of Europe” has already been carried out by Russian researchers, albeit to a limited extent. Therefore, the author of the research uses as sources for his studies primarily the articles by Menshikov published in the late period of his journalistic activity at “Novoye Vremya” newspaper, and Spengler’s book “Years of Decisions”, which is also one of his last significant works. The author considers both thinkers to be apologists for the priority of state interests, without which, according to them, the preservation of the nation won’t be possible. The political views of Spengler and Menshikov are characterized by the article author as conservative state nationalism, manifested in such ideas as: the preservation of “healthy” folk traditions, aristocracy as civil service, subordination of personal interests to the state. On the basis of the comparison of Menshikov’s and Spengker’s ideas the author comes to the conclusion about the similarity of the problems faced by Russia and Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Oswald Spengler’s “Decline of the West” and its Significance in the Context of Peter Bicilli’s Theory of the History
Authors: Teslya Andrey A.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the understanding of Oswald Spengler’s book “Decline of the West” by Peter M. Bicili as expressed in his work. Bicilli was an outstanding Russian historian who was the first among Russian emigrant to publish extensive comments on the lifework of Spengler and who often referred to it in his historical works and the works on the theory of history. Bicili’s interpretation of the “Decline of the West”, especially his initial comments, contain aberrations of Spengler’s concept understanding that were most typical for the turn of the 1910s-1920s, and which are described in the first part of this article. Still, later and deeper evaluations by Bicilli of Spengler’s work, placed it in the interesting context of the proper theoretical and historical constructions of the Russian historian, - where he defined him as “more romantic than romantics themselves”. The final part of the article is devoted to the comprehension of that definition and to the concluding interpretation of Spengler’s work by Bicili.
Horde vs Ordnung: Eurasians and O. Spengler in the Context of Discussions about Russia and Germany in the 1920s-1930s
Authors: Panchenko Alexey B.
Published: May 2021

World War I, which significantly reshaped the world map, also stirred lively debates about the fate of Russia and Germany, as they were the most affected by its outcome. German cultural scientist Oswald Spengler and a group of Russian emigrants, who united to form a movement called “Eurasianism” were active participants of those debates. However, the origins of their views lay in the scientific and social thought of Germany and Russia in the second half of the nineteenth – early twentieth centuries. Spengler and the Eurasianists were united in their rejection of Eurocentrism in the study of cultures and the assignment of the West and Russia-Europe as subjects on the equal level. Spengler pointed out that the Western world was on the brink of decline and that the only nation, that could lead it against the awakening East was the German one. The strict order was seen as characteristic feature of contemporary Germany, which would enable it to withstand the nomadic and chaotic hordes coming from the East. The Eurasianists, in turn, pointed out that stability and orderliness could be named as the Eastern features in the Russian nation. Russia-Eurasia was perceived by them as the bulwark of the rest of mankind against the onslaught of the West that sought to spread its culture to other nations. Thus, the confrontation of the West, as represented by Germany and Russia, was seen by both sides as defensive struggle of order against aggressive chaos.
O. Spengler on the “Dual Image of Russia”: From Culture-Mythology to Historiosophic Insight
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy Yu.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the historiosophic concept of the phenomena of Russia and Russian culture in the “late” works of O. Spengler. The author shows the heuristic character of the concept of the “Dual Image of Russia”: in spite of the presence of obvious myths in it, not conforming with the empiric reality, it includes powerful historiosophic insight at the level of the historic phenomena eidos understanding. Spengler’s main idea is that in Russia the symbolic Dostoevsky (traditionalist) will win the victory over symbolic Tolstoy (nihilist and sectarian). The author of the article disputes Spengler’s thesis that Russia is supposedly the “pseudomorphosis” of the West. The author substantiates the thesis that the West represents the great pseudomorphosis of Christian civilization, and Russia is the authentic civilization broken-down by the external force, the same way as Byzantine Empire.
Waiting for Caesar: Expectations and Disappointments of Oswald Spengler in the Era of Culture Decline
Authors: Boitsova Olga Yu.
Published: May 2021

Oswald Spengler’s name is most often associated with the doctrine of local civilizations and the prophecy of the decline of the Western world. At the same time, he is the author of a number of works containing a set of important ideas and conclusions about fundamental transformation of politics after the First World War and the coming Caesarism. He accompanies his arguments with an abundance of historical examples and supports his opinion with paradoxical conclusions about the nature of man and the role of the individual in politics in his own style. The article attempts to reconstruct and present in a systematic way the views of the thinker on the phenomenon of Caesarism in politics.
Neo-Royalists in the Third Republic. The History of Origin and Formation of the “Action française”
Authors: Zelenin Sergey V.
Published: May 2021

The present review is devoted to Vasiliy Molodyakov’s book “Charles Morraus and the “Action française” against Germany: from Kaiser to Hitler”. The review examines the main thoughts and postulates of the book. The book represents the first part of the trilogy on the life, activity and views of the French writer, publicist ad thinker Charles Morraus, as well as on the history of the right monarchic movement “Action française”. The article also gives a concise review of the other works of this author.
CLINICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS IN PEDIATRICS
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Roitman E.V. ,   Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia, Gabay P.G. ,   "Faculty of Medical Law," LLC, Private Law Firm, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The acceptability and effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) use in paediatrics has been confirmed by established Russian and foreign clinical practice. However, at present, the only LMWHs that are legally allowable for children are those with the international nonproprietary name of «dalteparin sodium», since this is directly stated in it’s Package Insert Leaflet (PIL). Prescribing the rest of the LMWHs for children will, in fact, be an off-label prescription. In addition, there are currently no standards of medical care, procedures for its delivery and regulations on the organization of medical care that would allow for the possibility of assigning LMWHs to children. This situation makes it difficult to introduce into the Russian pediatric practice the choice of administration of LMWHs in children where necessary. The use of LMWH in pediatrics may become available even without making changes to PIL, but subject to the establishment of such a recommendation in the new clinical guidelines. The latter is the only legal mechanism in force allowing legal and legally secure off-label appointment.
CLINICAL, PATHOGENIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF THE COMORBIDITY OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Balabolkin I.I. , Bulgakova V.A. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Health Protection with the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Eliseeva T.I. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: May 2021

The literature review covered clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of comorbidity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma (BA) in children. On the basis of data on pathogenesis of diseases, characteristics of AD in children with BA it is justified that there is a need to use common therapeutic strategies in data management of comorbid patients, which can reduce pharmacological load and improve treatment efficiency.
NEWBORN ASSESSMENT USING VIRGINIA APGAR METHODOLOGY AND ITS MODIFICATIONS
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Avramenko V.Yu. , Degtyareva M.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

Neonatal clinical status assessment at birth has always been crucial for neonatologists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, pediatricians, obstetricians and gynecologists. The technique proposed by Virginia Apgar in 1952 is now recognized worldwide. However, a number of shortcomings have been identified in the application of the technique. Scientists and practitioners around the world are continually searching for an alternative tool to overcome the limitations of the Apgar score. The modified score and additional score proposed by E. Saling (1968), expanded (proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006), specified and combined Apgar score, proposed by M. Rüdiger (2010, 2012), as well as an alternative method of assessment of the condition of a child immediately after birth – the Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS, 2015) are the most famous transformations of the Apgar score described in the literature. They have their advantages, but further research is needed to confirm their feasibility in clinical practice. The main challenges for researchers are to personalize, objectify the approach to newborn’s health status assessment and to increase diagnostic efficacy and predictive value of the technique.
CLINICAL CASE REPORT OF TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT HEREDITARY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA DUE TO ABNORMAL UNSTABLE HEMOGLOBIN ALESHA/BRISTOL
Authors:   Saint Petersburg City Children’s Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center for High Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Sokolova N.E. , Vaynyunskaya N.I. ,   Saint Petersburg City Children’s Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center for High Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Mann S.G. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

Qualitative hemoglobinopathies caused by the presence of abnormal unstable hemoglobins are a group of rare hemolytic anemia that create great difficulties in diagnosis. The use of modern methods of examination, including genetic ones, allows to avoid diagnostic errors. The article contains a detailed analysis of clinical manifestations in patients with abnormal unstable hemoglobins with the example of Hb Alesha/Bristol.
DIFFICULTIES IN VERIFYING THE CAUSES OF IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA REFRACTORY TO ADEQUATELY ADMINISTERED THERAPY WITH IRON SUPPLEMENTS
Authors:   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Dmitrieva Yu.A. ,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Lokhmatova M.E. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Zaplatnikov A.L. ,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Raikina E.V. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Radchenko E.R. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kuznetsova O.A. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kharitonova A.Yu. ,   Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia, Karaseva O.V. ,   Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia, Gorelik A.L. ,   Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are one of the reasons for the development of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The presence of gastroenterological pathology often leads to the refracterity of anemia to standard therapy, which necessitates timely diagnosis and adequate correction of background disease. A rare variant of anemia refractory to ferrotherapy is iron-refractory IDA (IRIDA), whose genesis contains an iron exchange disorder caused by a mutation in the TMPRSS6 gene. The article discusses the differential diagnostic spectrum of GIT diseases as potential causes of anemia, examines the pathogenetic mechanisms of IRIDA in a clinical trial, which required the elimination of a genetically deterministic iron exchange disorder at the diagnostic stage.
CHARACTERISTIC OF ANAMNESIS AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF CHILDREN WITH PLATELET PATHOLOGY
Authors:   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Tсvetkova M.M. , Minkina L.M. ,   Primorsky Krai Regional Children's Clinical Hospital No. 1, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Aliyeva O.E. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Kravchuk A.A. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Nikiforova N.O. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Khristoforova D.L. ,   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia, Perelomova O.V. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia, Fedorenko N.V. ,   Primorsky Krai Regional Children's Clinical Hospital No. 1, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the anamnesis and laboratory characteristics of children and adolescents with platelet pathology. Materials and methods of research: the features of medical history and laboratory characteristics of children and adolescents aged 1 to 17 years with platelet pathology (thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathy) were studied based on the analysis of 112 medical records of inpatients. Study design: retrospective, single-center, solid, non-randomized, uncontrolled. Results: when comparing parameters of the indicated nosological groups, a higher viral load was revealed in children with thrombocytopenia (level of antibodies to the herpesvirus group was statistically significantly higher in children with thrombocytopenia than with thrombocytopathy: for HSV1,2 and VEB – p<0,001, CMV – p=0,008). According to hemostasiogram, APTT was statistically significantly higher in the thrombocytopathy group (29,56±2,18 s versus 28,44±1,62 s respectively, p=0,0011), the prothrombin time was higher in thrombocytopenia (12,37±0,72 s and 12,03±0,48 s, respectively, p=0,014). The activity of von Willebrand factor is statistically significantly higher in thrombocytopenia compared with thrombocytopathy (123,78±36,35% versus 79,73±35,21%, respectively, p<0,001). A positive correlation between the relative number of platelets and leukocytes (Rs=0,40, p<0,001) has been established in the group of children with thrombocytopathy. Conclusion: the differences and dependencies identified indicate the inclusion of compensatory mechanisms of hemostasis regulation and immune protection in platelet pathology, which is more pronounced with decrease in their number.
Peningkatan Apresiasi Tari Nusantara Melalui Model Blended Learning di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Yanti Rusnia , Masunah Juju
Published: May 2021

This research is aimed to improve knowledge, attitude, skill and appreciation of Nusantara Dances. It is conducted by Action Research method which is developed by Kemmis & McTaggart. The data were collected by questionnaire and analysed by Mix method which is developed by Creswell. The sample of this research is the 8th grade students of Public Junior High School 2 Kotabaru. Knowledge, attitude and skill of appreciation of Nusantara dances is important to be delivered to junior high school student as one of provision effort to nusantara culture, especially dances. The Learning of Nusantara Dances Appreciation is implemented through two cycles. Each cycle has four meetings. Before the intervention action of first cycle, there is a Pre-test. And then the final post test result of first Cycle shows that there is improvement result compared to the pre-test result. More over the post test result of second cycle is imporoved too compared to the post test result of the first cycle, even it has reached the set out target. In conclusion according to the result of the research, Blended learning model is effective to be used on improving the appreciation of Nusantara Dances. Thus, Art & Culture Teacher at school is suggested to use this blended learning model.
Pembelajaran Tari Topeng Mochi Melalui Metode Mind Mapping Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Budaya
Authors: Prastika Riana Rosa , Masunah Juju , Narawati Tati
Published: May 2021

This study aims to improve the ability to understand culture through the Mochi Mask dance. The research method used experimental. The research sample of students of the Sagara dance studio, Sukabumi city. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using nonparametric statistics. Mochi mask is a type of dance that develops in the city of Sukabumi. This dance is inspired by the culinary culture of the city of Sukabumi, namely Mochi. Sanggar Sagara is one that provides material for Mochi Mask dance using the Mind Mapping method. This method is a treatment to improve the ability to understand culture. The results showed an increase in the ability to understand culture. This is indicated by the average pretest results of 66.00. and the post test results of 87.50. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the mind mapping method can improve the ability to understand culture. It is suggested that other studios can use the mind mapping method to improve their ability to understand culture.
Menghidupkan Identitas Kepulauan Riau Melalui Seni Tari Tradisional
Authors: Marsan Nur Sekreningsih , Juliana Siregar Mia
Published: May 2021

This article was created with the aim of seeing the extent of the identity of Riau Islands through the art of dance known in the community and trying to revive the identity of traditional dance through documentation of the dance movement itself. Thus, the problem in this research is focused on traditional dance movements that are indeed the identity of Riau Islands identifiers, namely malay dance movements. This research was conducted by exploring the roots of the dance from art actors directly through interviews and documenting them. Through the collection of dance movement information is then documented so that it can be seen or read by all people. So that traditional dance as the identity of Riau Islands is well documented. Based on the results of the rersponden assessment, 61% stated that knowing and knowing the traditional dance of Riau Islands, the rest stated that less knowing the traditional dance. Art performances can only be enjoyed on certain occasions. To overcome this, one way to bring traditional dance identity to life is to gather information related to traditional dances and document them in the form of photos, videos and books, increasing the frequency of dance performances.
Penggunaan Media Audiovisual dalam Pengajaran Musik
Authors: Wiflihani Wiflihani
Published: May 2021

This article aims to explain the use of audiovisual media in learning music. To carry out teaching through audiovisual media, it is necessary to prepare a learning unit, choose the correct audiovisual media and adjust it to a musical instrument or teaching topic, to know the duration of the audiovisual media, which must be adjusted to the lesson hours. To prepare students, they are given a general explanation of the contents of the learning video, then they play back and prepare the equipment for a smooth learning experience. Follow-up: After watching a film or video, the teacher also did examples of playing music, thinking, and asking questions to students to find out how well the students understood the material.
Erzurum İli Hafif Raylı Sistem Güzergahının Zemin Emniyeti Açısından Yeterliliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: Aydın Ömer Lütfü , Kuşkapan Emre , Çodur Muhammed Yasin
Published: May 2021

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan birçok ülke toplu ulaşımda karayolu sistemlerine ek olarak raylı sistemler
kullanmaktadır. Bu raylı sistemlerin en sık kullanılan türlerinden birisi ise hafif raylı sistemlerdir (HRS). HRS
güzergâhları genellikle mevcut karayolu güzergâhı üzerine işlenmektedir. Bu durum zemin açısından bazı problemleri
meydana getirmektedir. Raylı sistem taşıt ağırlıkları ve yolcu kapasiteleri karayolu taşıtlarına göre çok daha fazla
olduğu için zemine uyguladıkları basınçlar da daha fazladır. Bununla birlikte karayolu yüzeyinde meydana gelen
deformasyonlar taşıt ve yolcuları daha çok konfor yönünden etkilemekteyken raylı sistemler üzerindeki küçük
deformasyonlar kaza ve ölümler gibi büyük problemleri beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Bu amaçla raylı sistem
güzergâhının zemin yapısının incelenmesi ve uygunluk durumunun analiz edilmesi bu problemlerin önüne geçilmesi
adına çok önemlidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Erzurum il merkezinde yapılması planlanan HRS güzergâhının fiziksel
zemin parametreleri açısından uygunluğu analiz edilmiştir. Analizde rotary temel sondaj, çok kanallı yüzey dalgası
(MASW) ve mikrotremor yöntemleri kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlarda bazı noktaların problemli olduğu tespit
edilerek bu noktalar için zemin iyileştirmesi yapılması veya güzergâhın revize edilmesi önerilmiştir. Zemin yapısının
uygun olmadığı noktalarda yolcu talebi de göz önünde bulundurularak alternatif güzergâh oluşturulmuştur.
K-Graph: Knowledgeable Graph for Text Documents
Authors: Mittal Varsha , Gangodkar Durgaprasad , Pant Bhaskar
Published: May 2021

Graph databases are applied in many applications, including science and business, due to their low-complexity, low-overheads, and lower time-complexity. The graph-based storage offers the advantage of capturing the semantic and structural information rather than simply using the Bag-of-Words technique. An approach called Knowledgeable graphs (K-Graph) is proposed to capture semantic knowledge. Documents are stored using graph nodes. Thanks to weighted subgraphs, the frequent subgraphs are extracted and stored in the Fast Embedding Referral Table (FERT). The table is maintained at different levels according to the headings and subheadings of the documents. It reduces the memory overhead, retrieval, and access time of the subgraph needed. The authors propose an approach that will reduce the data redundancy to a larger extent. With real-world datasets, K-graph’s performance and power usage are threefold greater than the current methods. Ninety-nine per cent accuracy demonstrates the robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of the Operating Modes of the Stationary Energy Storage Device in DC Railway Power Supply System
Authors: Skrzyniarz Marek , Rojek Artur , Kruczek Włodzimierz , Mike Kamil , Mroczkowski Łukasz , Stypułkowski Piotr
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the operating modes of the energy storage. The aim was to conduct laboratory tests in conditions similar to real energy storage and to analyze its basic electrical parameters. A special measuring system has been created for laboratory testing. Real tests took place in the traction substation in Mińsk Mazowiecki, where the energy storage was included in the traction substation system. Based on the laboratory tests carried out and in real conditions it was found that the use of energy storage in the electric traction supply system is justified. It is adapted to work as a device supporting the operation of the traction substation and the section cabin.
Research Methodology of the Sleeve-Target System with Miss Distance Indicator of the Unmanned Aerial Target Imitator
Authors: Czechowicz Bogusław , Buczkowska-Murawska Teresa
Published: May 2021

The article presents the method of using a modified acoustic miss distance indicator applied together with the set of controlled aerial target imitators (ZSMCP) Jaskółka “Swallow” operated in the Polish Armed Forces. The described method enables the implementation of controlling and testing the new CZT imitators and inspect the technical condition of these, which are still operated.
Simulation of a Motor Vehicle Momentarily Accelerating in Various Road Conditions
Authors: Zalewski Jarosław
Published: May 2021

In this paper some selected conclusions have been drawn from the simulated maneuver of a vehicle’s momentary acceleration in various road conditions. The aim of this paper was to answer the question whether the random irregularities of the road could decrease the final speed of the vehicle and cause it to deviate from the straight line motion and to what extent. These irregularities had three different maximum amplitudes which enabled analysis of vehicle’s acceleration on the less and the more uneven road. Also, almost the same and almost different profiles were assumed for the left and the right wheels of the vehicle’s model.

Some additional phenomena such as the ice on the road have been taken into account. The initial speed was 20 km/h and after 2 s the vehicle started to accelerate. Then, after 8 s the simulation stopped, which gave the whole simulation time equal to 10 s.
Safety and Functionality Assessment of Tram Loops in Wrocław
Authors: Tubis Agnieszka , Rydlewski Mateusz , Budzyński Marcin
Published: May 2021

The article presents the implementation of the ISFTL method proposed by the authors consisting in an indicator assessment of the safety and functionality of tram loops. Five tram loops located in Wrocław were analyzed. Each of these loops has different characteristics. The components of each assessment are described in detail and further directions for improving the proposed assessment are indicated.
Turbine Engines Trend Development
Authors: Kotlarz Wojciech , Witanowski Maciej
Published: May 2021

The aim of the following article is to define the directions of development of aviation turbine engines. It was assumed that these directions would determine the increase in pressure ratio and fuel combustion temperature as parameters determining the efficiency of the Brayton cycle.
Is Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) Equal to Mean Time of Life for Unrepairable Systems?
Authors: Opyrchał Leszek
Published: May 2021

One of the most important reliability parameters is the mean time to failure (MTTF). It is widely accepted that the MTTF is equal to the mean time of life ET. This article shows that this is not necessarily true. Although for the most commonly used statistical distributions (such as exponential, Gaussian, chi-square, Fisher-Tippett distributions) the values of MTTF and ET are equal, this is not the case for the log-normal distribution. Similarity, some less commonly used distributions (such as Breit-Wigner distribution) may also require calculation adjustments resulting from MTTF ≠ ET. Ignoring this discrepancy, an erroneous MTTF value can be obtained.
Commentary on European Court of Justice judgement of 19 January 2017 in case C-460/15 Schaefer Kalk GmbH & Co. KG v Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Siwior Przemysław , Bukowska Joanna
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to discuss the following judgement of the European Court of Justice in case C-460/15 Schaefer Kalk GmbH & Co. KG v Bundesrepublik Deutschland concerning the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS):

‘The second sentence of Article 49(1) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 of 21 June 2012 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and point 10(B) of Annex IV to that regulation are invalid in so far as they systematically include the carbon dioxide (CO2) transferred to another installation for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate in the emissions of the lime combustion installation, regardless of whether or not that CO2 is released into the atmosphere.’

[operative part of the judgment].
Assessment of Individual Cardiovascular Risk among Population in Public Pharmacies using the Heart-Score Questionnaire
Authors: Maksimovic Vesna , Jakovljevic Biljana
Published: May 2021

The SCORE model was calibrated according to mortality statistics for each European country. If it is used for the population aged 40–65, it will predict the possibility of fatal cardiovascular consequences that will appear after 10 years. The aim of this study was to investigate individual risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the adult population in the city of Belgrade. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Using Heart Score tool for determining of the total risk of CVD, could be projected to the age of 60, which may be of particular importance for guiding young adults, aged 20 to 30, with low absolute risk but already with an unhealthy risk profile, which will lead to a much higher risk as they age. In our study, predominately were present female participants without hypertension, then male and were dominate frequent non-smokers compared with smokers in male and female. Furthermore, in study population were more present smokers with longer duration of smoking (>10 years). After calculated Heart Score, we can see that 25.6% of respondents have a high risk of cardiovascular event, of which 19.6% high risk, 4.4% very high risk, and 1.6% extremely high risk of developing some an adverse fatal cardiovascular event. The present risk factors and high mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease indicate the need for taking preventive measures already in children, with the parallel implementation of population strategies and high risk.
Contractor Intention on Contractors’ All Risk Takaful Product in Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Azizi , Nor Alias Mat , Hisham Raja Rizal Iskandar Raja
Published: May 2021

Objective – Contractors’ All Risks (CAR) Takaful is completely different from CAR conventional insurance. CAR conventional insurance involves elements of usury (riba), gambling (maysir) and uncertainty (gharar) in their resources and operations which is prohibited by Shari’ah. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between attitude, awareness, understanding, religiosity, subjective norm, service quality and role of agents with contractor’s intention in choosing CAR Takaful products based on theory of planned behaviour (TPB). In addition, this paper aims to address the most influential factors that affect contractor’s intention in choosing CAR Takaful products.  Design/methodology – Using primary data collection method, 421 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents comprising Bumiputera contractors in Malaysia except for Sabah and Sarawak, who are registered with CIDB from grade G1 to grade G7 and also a member of Persatuan Kontraktor Melayu Malaysia (PKMM). The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.  Results – This study's results reveal a significant relationship between attitude, awareness, understanding, religiosity, subjective norm, service quality, and role of agents with contractor’s intention in choosing CAR Takaful product. In addition, this research also verifies that attitude is the most important factor that affects contractor’s intention in choosing CAR Takaful products. Contribution – This paper will bring significant benefits to the Takaful operators and Takaful agents in Malaysia to formulate additional strategies, policies and service quality to attract Bumiputera contractors to choose CAR Takaful product.
An Analysis of Errors on Mathematical Symbol as a Metaphor in Linear Programming
Authors: Wardah Saniyatul , Utomo Dwi Priyo , Putri Octavina Rizky Utami
Published: May 2021

Symbol sense is crucial in the understanding of mathematical problems comprising various symbols. The misuses of symbols happen due to misinterpretation, which is considered the constraint to learn algebra more comprehensively, including in linear programming. The term ‘metaphor’ is defined as a means to carry over symbol sense, and is used to improve mathematical understanding. This present research was aimed at analyzing errors on mathematical symbol as a metaphor in linear programming. This research was conducted by means of descriptive qualitative design, with a test and interview as the instruments. The test was made essay, and its results were analyzed qualitatively. The test, further, was administered to five eleventh graders selected according to highest rates of errors committed. This research has shown that the students committed a number of errors in some cases, such as representing symbols as variables, representing numbers, and interpreting symbols as relational operators. In addition, errors which the students committed in constructing mathematical models covered defining the final value, representing numbers, applying inequality system, and interpreting symbols as operation counts. This present research has provided some ways for symbol sense, and thus the errors on mathematical symbol as a metaphor could be lessened. Next, this research can be further followed up by reviewing the effectiveness of remedial instruction according to the committed errors on mathematical symbols.
Metaphorical Thinking of Students in Solving Algebraic Problems based on Their Cognitive Styles
Authors: Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Ramli Marwan , Ikhsan M
Published: May 2021

One of thinking concepts which connects real life to mathematics is called metaphorical thinking. Metaphor and modelling are two closely related concepts. Besides, each individual performs different cognitive styles, such as field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD) cognitive styles. This factor possibly leads to different metaphorical thinking in solving algebraic problems. The participants of this qualitative research consist of two students at grade 7 of one of junior high school in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, with FI and FD as their cognitive styles. Based on the findings, it is found that: 1) Metaphorical thinking of the student with FI cognitive style in solving the algebraic problem in the stage of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back is considered to achieve the target for each criteria of CREATE; 2) Metaphorical thinking of the student with FD cognitive style in solving the problem in the all four stages but could not reveal all criteria mentioned in CREATE. This happens as the student is unable to find the appropriate metaphor to the algebraic problem. Therefore, the student does not need to explain the suitability of the metaphor to the algebraic problem.
Increasing Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills Using Advocacy Learning with Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Ibrahim I , Sujadi Imam , Maarif Samsul , Widodo Sri Adi
Published: May 2021

The ability to think critically is one of the abilities students must possess. Students’ critical thinking skills have not been encouraging. There is a need for learning that can improve this ability, one of which is advocacy learning. The study aims to increase students’ critical thinking skills with open-ended mathematical problems in advocacy mathematics learning. This study is a nonequivalent control group design with a pre-test post-test control group. Sampling using cluster random sampling, randomization was carried out in classes at Junior High School 4 Bandung by taking two classes. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey. The results showed that students treated with an advocacy approach by giving open-ended questions had better mathematical critical thinking skills than those who received conventional learning. Also, students with high prior knowledge had better critical thinking skills compared to the other two groups. This research implies that the advocacy can be used as an alternative to learning mathematics for students with high prior knowledge.
Students' Critical Thinking Process in Solving Jumping Task According to Gregorc's Thinking Style
Authors: Hobri Hobri , Arifin Samsul , Murtikusuma Randi Pratama , Oktavianingtyas Ervin , Setya Putri Inge Wiliandani
Published: May 2021

Indonesian students are lacking in critical thinking skills, however, studies analyzing critical thinking processes and their relation to thinking styles are limited. This study aimed to describe students’ critical thinking processes in solving jumping task problems according to Gregorc's thinking style. The subjects of this present qualitative research were eight Year 7 students. The instruments included a thinking style questionnaire, tests, and interview guidelines. The results showed that concrete sequential subjects tended to write the completion stages sequentially and analyzed them well. Abstract sequential subjects were inclined to solve the problems based on the known concepts without completing the work. Concrete random subjects tended to write information in their own way without completing their work. Meanwhile, abstract random subjects were inclined to write incomplete information and did not complete their work. Generally, based on the IDEALS model, the two sequential subjects were similar in the identity, define, and enumerate steps, while the two random subjects only had similarities in the identity step. This study results imply that jumping tasks can be used as an alternative in developing students’ critical thinking skills.
The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the reflectance spectra of prints on hemp papers
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Plazonić Ivana , Džimbeg-Malčić Vesna ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bates Irena ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Žilić Gabriel ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: May 2021

From the moment of production, paper as a printing substrate is exposed to the process of natural ageing regardless of the type of cellulose fibres in its composition. Accordingly, the prints produced by the various printing techniques are also exposed to several factors that impair the quality of the print i.e. its colour over time. Therefore, it is very important to properly select the printing substrate for achieving a high quality of graphic products. For that purpose, three types of papers with hemp fibres were used as printing substrates which were printed with laboratory hand-operated instrument Esiproof using flexographic cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K) water-based inks. Prints were artificially aged in SunTEST XLS+ test chamber according to standard ASTM D 6789-02 for 48 and 96 hours. Based on changes in the reflectance spectra of each printed ink after exposure to electromagnetic radiation it was noticed how composition of printing substrate strongly influence on colour stability of prints due time. An increase of exposure time to electromagnetic radiation leads to a decrease in the value of the reflectance of the printing substrate and cyan, magenta and yellow prints. It was confirmed how electromagnetic radiation have the greatest impact on the reflectance of yellow print, while the black one is the most stabile regardless of the substrate it was printed on.
An unusual presentation of mucocele on the tongue - a case report
Authors: Ramaswamy Dibin , Nandagopal Naveen
Published: May 2021

Background:

Mucoceles are self-limiting mucus-containing cavities that is caused by mechanical trauma to the excretory duct of the gland, which leads to pooling of saliva into the surrounding tissues. They may vary according to its clinical presentations, depending on its depth of involvement. They are usually asymptomatic. Sometimes they may show change in size due to rupture and subsequent mucin accumulation. They more frequently occur in relation to the lower lip.

Case Presentation:

We present a case report of mucocele on the ventrolateral aspect of the tongue, which is a rare occurrence. Even though it clinically resembled a mucocele, diagnostic confirmation was done after histopathological examination.

Conclusion:

Although surgical excision is the treatment of choice, removal of all the adjacent minor salivary glands is required to prevent the recurrence. They pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician as well as surgeon due to its clinical resemblance with other lesions of the tongue. So, a thorough clinical knowledge as well as the determination of varying aspects of the etiopathogenesis of these oral lesions is necessary for correct diagnosis and for the indication of appropriate treatment.
Oscillatory Flow MHD of Jeffrey Fluid with Temperature-Dependent Viscosity (TDV) in a Saturated Porous Channel
Authors: Khudair Wissam Sadiq , Dwail Hasan Hadi , Mohammed Hayder Kadim
Published: May 2021

In this research, we studied the impact of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) on Jeffrey fluid with porous channel saturated with temperature-dependent viscosity (TDV). It is obtained on the movement of fluid flow equations by using the method of perturbation technique in terms of number Weissenberg ( ) to get clear formulas for the field of velocity. All the solutions of physical parameters of the Reynolds number , Magnetic parameter , Darcy parameter , Peclet number  and are discussed under the different values, as shown in the plots.
Software Fault Estimation Tool Based on Object-Oriented Metrics
Authors: Altaie Atica M. , Hamo Asmaa Yaseen , Alsarraj Rasha Gh.
Published: May 2021

A fault is an error that has effects on system behaviour. A software metric is a value that represents the degree to which software processes work properly and where faults are more probable to occur. In this research, we study the effects of removing redundancy and log transformation based on threshold values for identifying faults-prone classes of software. The study also contains a comparison of the metric values of an original dataset with those after removing redundancy and log transformation. E-learning and system dataset were taken as case studies. The fault ratio ranged from 1%-31% and 0%-10% for the original dataset and 1%-10% and 0%-4% after removing redundancy and log transformation, respectively. These results impacted directly the number of classes detected, which ranged between 1-20 and 1-7 for the original dataset and 1-7 and 0-3) after removing redundancy and log transformation. The Skewness of the dataset was deceased after applying the proposed model. The classified faulty classes need more attention in the next versions in order to reduce the ratio of faults or to do refactoring to increase the quality and performance of the current version of the software.
Increasing the Accuracy of Orbital Elements for a Satellite in a Low Earth Orbit under the Influence of Atmospheric Drag Using Adams-Bashforth Method
Authors: Ibrahim Rasha H. , Saleh Abdul-Rahman H.
Published: May 2021

The perturbed equation of motion can be solved by using many numerical methods. Most of these solutions were inaccurate; the fourth order Adams-Bashforth method is a good numerical integration method, which was used in this research to study the variation of orbital elements under atmospheric drag influence.  A satellite in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO), with altitude form perigee = 200 km, was selected during 1300 revolutions (84.23 days) and ASat / MSat value of 5.1 m2/ 900 kg. The equations of converting state vectors into orbital elements were applied. Also, various orbital elements were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that, for the semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination have a secular falling discrepancy, Longitude of Ascending Node is periodic, Argument of Perigee has a secular increasing variation, while true anomaly grows linearly from 0 to 360°. Furthermore, all orbital elements, excluding Longitude of Ascending Node, Argument of Perigee, and true anomaly, were more affected by drag than other orbital elements, through their falling as the time passes. The results illustrate a high correlation as compared with literature reviews in this field.
اسلوب المونولوج الدرامي في مربعات “هەى ئاڤ و ئاڤ” لفقي طیران
Authors: Muqdad Maknun Muhammed Tahir
Published: May 2021

یعد المونولوج أى (الحوار الذاتي) واحد من العناصر الرئیسیة والمهمة التي لها دور فعال ومؤثر في نصوص النتاجات الأدبیة، لا سیما مونولوج الدرامي الذي لە خصوصیة مختلفة أکثر عن أدوار المونولوج في نصوص النتاجات الأدبیة الأخرى.

یتضمن عنوان هذا البحث (اسلوب المونولوج الدرامي في مربعات “هەى ئاڤ و ئاڤ” لفقي طیران).

قسمنا البحث الى محورین، في المحور الأول، تحدثنا في البدء عن مصطلحات وتعریفات المونولوج، من ثم أشرنا إلى تعریف المونولوج الدرامي وتوضیحه وبعد ذلک تطرقنا إلى خصائص وأنواع المونولوج الدرامي. أما في المحور الثاني، قمنا بتطبیق خصائص وأنواع المونولوج الدرامي على مربعات “هەى ئاڤ و ئاڤ”  لفقي طیران.

في النتیجة، تبین لنا في مربعات “هەى ئاڤ و ئاڤ” أن خصائص وأنواع المونولوج الدرامي موضحة بطریقة علمیة وأن الشاعر استطاع أن یلائم ما بین طبیعة الصوت وحرکة الماء والتعبیر عن حالته النفسیة بطریقة عبقریة خلابة.