bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Physical Activity Interventions and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis With a Focus on Trial Quality
Authors: Poprzeczny Amanda J. , Deussen Andrea R. , Mitchell Megan , Slade Laura , Louise Jennie , Dodd Jodie M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Guidelines recommending regular physical activity in pregnancy for improving pregnancy outcomes are informed by published meta‐analyses. Inclusion of randomised trials of poor methodological quality may bias effect estimates.

Objectives

To assess the validity of these recommendations by focusing on trial quality.

Search Strategy

Systematic search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL from inception to 14 December 2023.

Selection Criteria

Randomised trials evaluating an antenatal physical activity intervention alone, compared with no such intervention.

Data Collection and Analysis

Trial quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Independent of this, studies were grouped based on degree of deviation from the intention to treat principle. Sequential meta‐analysis was performed in which greater degrees of potential bias were allowed. Between intervention group comparisons used, relative risks or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Main Results

Overall, the quality of trial reporting was low. Only 5 trials (12.5%) were performed and analysed in keeping with the intention to treat principle. When considering only those trials performed rigorously, there was no evidence that antenatal physical activity improves pregnancy outcomes or limits gestational weight gain (WMD −0.60 kg; 95% CI −2.17, 0.98 WMD −0.60 kg; 95% CI −2.17, 0.98).

Conclusions

When considering only trials at no/negligible risk of bias, antenatal physical activity interventions were not associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. Most trials were not methodologically rigorous. Incorporation of such meta‐analyses into pregnancy care guidelines may result in inaccurate recommendations.
Update on hazelnut allergy: Allergen characterization, epidemiology, food processing technique and detecting strategy
Authors: Camus‐Ela Mukeshimana , Wang Yue , Rennie Gardiner Henric , Raghavan Vijaya , Wang Jin
Published: February 2025

Hazelnuts are popular among people due to their dense nutrient component. However, eating them may be quite dangerous for those who are allergic. To improve food safety, this research examines current developments in the characterization, processing, and detection of hazelnut allergens. The identification and molecular knowledge of certain proteins that cause allergic responses are necessary for the characterization of hazelnut allergens. Proteomics and genomics are two techniques that have helped to advance our knowledge of hazelnut allergens and facilitate the creation of more precise diagnostic instruments. One important factor to reduce but not to eliminate the exposure to hazelnut allergens is food processing. The extractability of hazelnut proteins with regard to food processing plays a crucial role in determining allergenicity. Innovative technologies have been created to lessen allergenicity in foods containing hazelnuts while preserving their flavor and quality. These technologies include thermal and nonthermal processing techniques. To further safeguard consumers with hazelnut allergies, innovations in ingredient labeling and cross‐contamination avoidance techniques have been put into place. For the purpose of management, if foods contain hazelnut, they must label it. Technological developments in analytical methods, including mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, have made it possible to identify hazelnut allergens with high specificity and sensitivity in a range of dietary matrices. Moreover, the advancement of point‐of‐care testing instruments presents the possibility of prompt on site identification, hence enhancing food safety for people with hazelnut allergies. The multidisciplinary efforts of researchers, food technologists, and allergists to enhance the safety of products containing hazelnuts are highlighted in this study.
A review on lipid inclusion in preterm formula: Characteristics, nutritional support, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Yu Jiahui , Wang Yandan , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo
Published: February 2025

The lack of nutrient accumulation during the last trimester and the physiological immaturity at birth make nutrition for preterm infants a significant challenge. Lipids are essential for preterm infant growth, neurodevelopment, immune function, and intestinal health. However, the inclusion of novel lipids in preterm formulas has rarely been discussed. This study discusses specific lipid recommendations for preterm infants according to authoritative legislation based on their physiological characteristics. The gaps in lipid composition, such as fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and complex lipids, between preterm formulas and human milk have been summarized. The focus of this study is mainly on the vital roles of lipids in nutritional support, including long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, structural lipids, milk fat global membrane ingredients, and other minor components. These lipids have potential applications in preterm formulas for improving lipid absorption, regulating lipid metabolism, and protecting against intestinal inflammation. The lipidome and microbiome can be used to provide adequately powered evidence of the effects of lipids. This study proposes nutritional strategies for preterm infants and suggests approaches to enhance their lipid quality in preterm formula.
Safety of edible coatings on fruits and vegetables
Authors: Gammage Sarah , Marangoni Alejandro G.
Published: February 2025

Edible coatings are a combination of substances that are applied onto foods to enhance their shelf life and that can be consumed by humans. Coatings are often composed of a combination of proteins, lipids, and/or polysaccharides and can contain plasticizers to increase flexibility and elongation. Surfactants and emulsifiers are sometimes added to decrease surface water activity and prevent moisture loss. The ideal edible coating slows the loss of desirable flavor volatiles and water vapor as well as restricts the exchange of gases, creating a modified atmosphere but not creating anaerobic conditions, all while not adding off‐flavors to the food. In this review, the different components used in edible films and coatings are examined, along with their benefits and weaknesses. Additionally, this study reviews possible safety issues associated with consuming ingredients used in edible films and coatings. Edible films and coatings are more successful when multiple ingredients are used together to create a good moisture and gas barrier, thus creating the possibility for interactions. Most, but not all, ingredients used in edible films and coatings do not pose a risk to people when consumed at the levels present in coatings. Thus, it is imperative to review and consider new data on the safety of ingredients used in coatings.
Application of gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry in tea (Camellia sinensis): A comprehensive review
Authors: Guo Xiangyang , Wan Xiaochun , Ho Chi‐Tang
Published: February 2025

Gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) technology boasts several salient features, including fast detection, portability, simple sample preparation, and nondestructive detection, making it a highly appealing tool in tea research. By harnessing its prowess in detecting and analyzing volatile compounds present in tea, GC–IMS has found numerous applications within the broad realm of tea studies. These applications encompass discerning geographical origins, analyzing aroma profiles, classifying tea grades, distinguishing harvest seasons, monitoring aroma variations during processing, and storage, differentiating tea varieties and categories. In the current study, the development history and performance characteristics of GC–IMS technology are presented. Furthermore, the relevant research studies of the application of GC–IMS in tea field are summarized, highlighting its practical applications and impacts. Additionally, the promotion strategies and improvement methods for enhancing of GC–IMS in the qualitative analysis of volatile compounds are put forward. Looking ahead, the potential avenues for the application of GC–IMS in tea quality control, online monitoring of tea manufacturing, detection of tea adulteration, and tea storage environment management are proposed. The versatility and precision of GC–IMS make it a promising technology that can to some extent change the tea industry's understanding and assurance of product quality.
Advanced application of alkaline/basic electrolyzed water in the food and agriculture industry as cleaning, processing, preserving, and functional agents
Authors: Du Yanlin , Tian Qi , Kuang Xiangmin , Deng Yishu , Jiang Yongli , Yi Junjie
Published: February 2025

With a growing emphasis on sustainable and eco‐friendly technologies, the food industry is actively seeking innovative solutions to improve safety, quality, and operational efficiency. Alkaline/basic electrolyzed water (ALEW/BEW), produced through the electrochemical dissociation of water and salts, presents a promising alternative that minimizes environmental impact while enhancing hygiene and safety standards. While prior studies have explored its individual applications, comprehensive reviews specifically examining ALEW/BEW within food systems are scarce. This review aims to fill the gap in current research by providing a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in ALEW/BEW applications across food processing, preservation, and agriculture. It highlights the significant advancements in ALEW/BEW's role in decontamination, pesticide residue removal, bioactive compound extraction, and shelf‐life extension, distinguishing it from other sanitation technologies. Distinct from previous work, this review delves into ALEW/BEW's overlooked health benefits, including enhancing gut health, circulation, oral hygiene, and reducing oxidative stress. It also explores its potential in sustainable agriculture, focusing on soil pH, crop resistance, and livestock health. While acknowledging challenges such as instability, corrosion, and regulatory barriers, this review offers a forward‐looking perspective on overcoming these issues. By synthesizing the latest research, this review contributes a new, integrated understanding of ALEW/BEW's role in food safety, quality, sustainability, and human health, offering valuable insights for academia and industry.
Physiochemical properties of hemp extract (Cannabis sativa L) inflorescences grown in Northern Alabama
Authors: Dudley Aaron , Kassama Lamin , Jackson‐Davis Armitra , Kuang Xianyan , Cebert Ernst
Published: February 2025

Medicinal plants are an excellent source of bioactive components and are gaining significant attention for food protection due to their bioactive properties. In this context, hemp (Cannabis sp.) is being explored for such applications because of its well‐known antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, the bioactive efficacy of cultivars currently grown in Northern Alabama has not been widely studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of two hemp cultivars (Hemp 5 and Hemp 17). Hemp inflorescences grown at the Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station were used in this study. The antioxidant activity and content of the extracts were determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power, radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antibacterial activity against cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Salmonella enterica (SE) was evaluated by optical density and disc diffusion. All treatments were analyzed in triplicate, and analysis of variance was conducted with statistical significance based on p ≤ 0.05. Results indicated that cultivars and defatting significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05) the antioxidant properties, with Hemp 17 DF (defatted) having the highest RSA (70.51 ± 4.24%) compared to the positive control of ascorbic acid (83.81 ± 5.85%). Antibacterial results based on optical density indicated that hemp extracts had a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower optical density compared to the negative controls (LM and SE). These findings suggest that Northern Alabama hemp cultivars can potentially be utilized to enhance food safety and quality.

Practical Application

Northern Alabama cultivars of hemp extract can be utilized for the enhancement of the safety and quality application due to inherent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Smart packaging films based on gelatin/κ‐carrageenan integrated with gromwell root extract rich in shikonin and carbon dots for real‐time monitoring of shrimp freshness
Authors: Murugan Gokulprasanth , Khan Ajahar , Priyadarshi Ruchir , Nilsuwan Krisana , Benjakul Soottawat , Rhim Jong‐Whan
Published: February 2025

Multifunctional pH‐responsive gelatin/κ‐carrageenan (GC) blend films containing gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon [LE]) root ethanolic extract (LE‐EE) rich in shikonin or shikonin rich extract (SRE) and carbon dots (LE carbon dots [LE‐CDs]) were prepared and characterized. The hydrothermal method was adopted for the synthesis of LE‐CDs, which displayed a blue color under UV light. The obtained LE‐CDs possessed exceptional UV barrier, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The enhanced activities were recorded when the level of LE‐CDs upsurged (p < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed the typical morphology and chemical composition of LE‐CDs. LE‐CDs of 1 and 3% (w/w) were incorporated as the active fillers along with SRE into the GC blend film by the solvent casting method. Developed films showed a slight decrease in tensile and water vapor barrier properties with the inclusion of both additives. Color and opaqueness of the film became darker as the additives were incorporated, whereas the thermal property was greatly enhanced. Film containing 3% LE‐CDs blocked UV‐A and UV‐B by 93.30 and 99.81%, respectively. GC/SRE/3%CD film exhibited strong radical scavenging and antibacterial activities against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, in which the growth was terminated after 12 h. Film had a pH‐dependent color change, depending on various pH levels (2–12). Shrimp freshness could be monitored as indicated by the shift to bluish color after 48 h. Therefore, this finding indicated that incorporating biomass‐derived CDs and natural colorants into biopolymer films, especially GC blend films, could offer diverse strategies for maintaining safety and prolonging shelf life in response to the growing need for smart packaging for food applications.
The co‐fermentation of Actinomucor elegans and Monascus purpureus for the production of meat flavor with soybean protein
Authors: Yang Xuelian , Zhang Rui , Qin Zichun , Yao Jintao , Zhang Tianxin
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to prepare meat flavor essence through Monascus purpureus and Actinomucor elegans co‐fermentation. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined based on the changes in physicochemical properties during the fermentation process, combined with sensory evaluation. Subsequently, the flavor components of the meat flavor essence were analyzed through solid phase microextraction after undergoing the Maillard reaction from the fermentation broth. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified 62 volatile compounds, among which 25 aroma‐active substances were detected by aroma extraction dilution analysis/gas chromatography–olfactometry. By calculating the odor activity values (OAVs), seven aroma‐active compounds with OAVs > 1 were identified as the most significant contributors to the aroma. Through aroma reconstitution and omission experiments, the accuracy of these key flavor compounds was verified, elucidating each substance's contribution to the essence's overall aroma. This study serves as a foundation for future investigations into the correlation between the flavor of fermented flavorings and their precursor substances, optimizing the mixed‐culture fermentation process and enhancing the quality of meat flavor essences.
Mechanisms Associated With Renal Injury in Hyperuricemia and Strategies for the Development of Natural Active Substances
Authors: Lv Wanping , Chen Huixiang , Zhou Pan , Du Aihua , Lei Yu
Published: February 2025

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic condition resulting from an abnormality in the process of purine metabolism. Its occurrence has been on the rise globally. The results of relevant studies show that 5% to 12% of HUA patients will eventually develop gout, and one‐third of these patients may involve the kidneys and develop kidney disease. Although the severe renal health hazards associated with excessive uric acid levels are well known, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this paper provides insights into the mechanisms and related chain reactions of HUA leading to renal injury from three perspectives: imbalance of intestinal homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, standing against the background of the strong side effects and high tolerability disadvantages of commercially available uric acid‐lowering drugs such as allopurinol, benzbromarone, and febuxostat, the development of a new active anti‐hyperuricemic drug with fewer side effects is justified. This article reviews the progress of research on natural actives (probiotics, dietary polyphenols, peptides) with a high safety profile, multi‐targeting, and integrative modulatory effects, in an attempt to provide some ideas for drug developers.
Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lee Annabel Zhi Yan , Woon Ting Hui , Wang Charmaine Tze May , Kwan Yu Heng , Fong Warren
Published: February 2025

Background

Physical activity is important in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Current literature suggests they engage in less physical activity compared to healthy controls. Reasons for this discrepancy has not been well studied in Asian populations. We aimed to understand facilitators and barriers to physical activity in patients with RA and axSpA using the validated Inflammatory arthritis FAcilitators and Barriers (IFAB) questionnaire.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study from 2020 to 2021 and enrolled patients diagnosed with RA and axSpA. Demographics, disease activity, comorbidities, facilitators, barriers and levels of physical activity were collected. Mean time on recreational activity, facilitators and barriers were listed.

Results

We enrolled 222 patients (109 RA, 113 axSpA). Mean (SD) age was 48.4 (14.8) years and 42.3% were males. Of all patients, 66.7% met the WHO recommendations on physical activity for health and percentage was similar between patients with RA and axSpA. Mean time spent on recreational‐related activities was higher in patients with axSpA. Top three barriers to physical activity included lack of motivation (46.8%), level of symptoms (44.6%) and weather conditions (29.7%). Facilitators included knowledge of the benefits of physical activity for health (68.9%), mood (56.3%), and confidence on how to exercise safely (54.5%).

Conclusion

Overall, the facilitators and barriers to physical activity were similar between patients with RA and axSpA. Physicians could address some of these factors during consultations to promote and encourage more physical activity.
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Diathermy Plume
Authors: Warren Lachlan J. , Krishnan Suren
Published: February 2025

Plume from surgical diathermy systems is recognised as a hazard to healthcare providers but is often ignored during ambulatory care procedures. The development of a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx in a dermatologist, despite the absence of recognised risk factors, prompted this review and recommendations for change in procedural practices.
Introducing Twin Transitions in Family Businesses: A Triple‐Bottom‐Line Perspective
Authors: Colapinto Cinzia , Masé Stefania
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the twin transition in family businesses, examining the parallel development of digital technologies and sustainable business practices, both of which are part of the current European agenda for a more sustainable future. While not widely recognised for their investments in disruptive innovation and digitalisation, family businesses (FBs) are more inclined to perform incremental changes, often driven by a longstanding commitment to sustainability and collaboration with internal and external stakeholders. This contrast makes them an ideal subject for a more in‐depth exploration of these transformative trends. The aim of this study is to adopt a broader perspective in twin‐transition analysis, incorporating social and economic performance alongside environmental sustainability in relation to digital transformation. Therefore, we establish a connection between the triple‐bottom‐line (TBL) approach and digital innovation in the unique reality of FBs. Our research approach is based on interviews conducted across multiple studies that explore FB dynamics and digitalisation in different industries and countries, supplemented by insights from secondary data. We analyse data through a directed qualitative content analysis. By adopting a broader perspective on sustainability—shifting from an exclusive focus on the environmental dimension to a TBL approach—our findings position FBs as key players in the twin transition, excelling at both addressing sustainability challenges and fostering digital innovation. These companies should prioritise aligning their strategies with equitable, viable and bearable principles in line with the TBL approach by fostering socio‐emotional wealth, engaging younger generations in digital innovation and implementing work–life balance initiatives that enhance employee satisfaction and sustainability. Most of these strategies can also be replicated by non‐family businesses, establishing FBs as exemplary leaders in the twin‐transition journey.
What could be? Depends on who you ask: Using latent profile analysis and natural language processing to identify the different types and content of utopian visions
Authors: Lizzio‐Wilson Morgana , Thomas Emma F. , Wenzel Michael , Haines Emily , Stevens Jesse , Fighera Daniel , Williams Patrick , Arthurson Samuel , Osborne Danny , Skitka Linda J.
Published: February 2025

When people think of a utopian future, what do they imagine? We examined (a) whether people's self‐generated utopias differ by how much they criticize, seek to change or escape from an undesirable present; and (b) whether these distinct types of utopian thinking predict system‐critical attitudes and intentions to change the status quo. Participants (N = 509) wrote about a future where a social issue they supported was resolved (e.g. economic inequality and climate change). Latent profile analysis revealed a subgroup of change‐oriented utopian thinkers with lower system satisfaction and higher action intentions than the other two subgroups. Unexpectedly, the remaining profiles imagined ominous (dystopian thinkers) or ‘neutral’ (ambivalent future thinkers) futures and expressed mixed social change support. Computerized linguistic analyses further revealed that dystopian thinkers used more hopelessness‐related language than change‐oriented utopian thinkers. Ambivalent future thinkers were as ‘hopeless’ as dystopian thinkers but, like change‐oriented utopian thinkers, used more fairness‐related language. Thus, change‐oriented utopian thinkers distinctly imagined a fairer—and possible—future. These results illustrate heterogeneity in how people imagine the future of their societies on specific issues. Critically, the features of these visions predict system‐critical attitudes and a willingness to agitate for change.
Characterisation of neurogenic lipolytic responses in white adipose tissue ex vivo
Authors: Goddard Kayleigh E. , Fountain Samuel J.
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, including metabolic syndrome and obesity. Understanding mechanisms of neurogenic control of white adipose tissue is key to understanding adipose physiology and pathophysiology, though there is limited research exploring this in adipose tissue using pharmacological tools, as opposed to genetic knockout models.

Experimental Approach

Inguinal white adipose tissue from C57BL/6J mice was used in this study. We used immunocytochemistry to determine tissue innervation and glycerol release assays to quantify lipolysis in adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The voltage‐gated Na+ channel opener veratridine was used to stimulate nervous activity in tissue ex vivo. The role of neurotransmitters and receptors mediating veratridine‐evoked lipolysis in adipose tissue was pharmacologically characterised.

Key Results

Veratridine evoked glycerol release in white adipose tissue but not from isolated adipocytes. This release was abolished by tetrodotoxin and propranolol. Veratridine also induced noradrenaline release from white adipose tissue. Veratridine‐ and noradrenaline‐evoked glycerol release was blocked by the β2‐adrenoceptor antagonist ICI‐118551 but not by the β1‐adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712A. Purported β3‐adrenoceptor antagonists L‐748337 and SR59230A stimulated glycerol release from tissue and from isolated adipocytes. Neither L‐748337 or SR59230A antagonised veratridine‐evoked glycerol release but SR59230A antagonised noradrenaline‐evoked glycerol release. We exclude contributions of sensory neuropeptides and the autonomic neurotransmitters neuropeptide Y and ATP.

Conclusion and Implications

Neurogenic lipolytic responses can be measured in white adipose tissue ex vivo using veratridine to stimulate nerve activity. The lipolytic responses are mediated by β2‐adrenoceptor activation. This study provides the first evidence of neurogenic lipolysis in tissue ex vivo.
Accuracy of a Cascade Network for Semi‐Supervised Maxillary Sinus Detection and Sinus Cyst Classification
Authors: Guo Xueqi , Huang Zelun , Huang Jieying , Wei Jialing , Li Yongshan , Zheng Haoran , Zhao Shiyong
Published: February 2025

Objective

Maxillary sinus mucosal cysts represent prevalent oral and maxillofacial diseases, and their precise diagnosis is essential for surgical planning in maxillary sinus floor elevation. This study aimed to develop a deep learning‐based pipeline for the classification of maxillary sinus lesions in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to provide auxiliary support for clinical diagnosis.

Methods

This study utilized 45 136 maxillary sinus images from CBCT scans of 541 patients. A cascade network was designed, comprising a semi‐supervised maxillary sinus area object detection module and a maxillary sinus lesions classification module. The object detection module employed a semi‐supervised pseudo‐labelling training strategy to expand the maxillary sinus annotation dataset. In the classification module, the performance of Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer architectures was compared for maxillary sinus mucosal lesion classification. The object detection and classification modules were evaluated using metrics including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score, and Average Precision, with the object detection module additionally assessed using Precision‐Recall Curve.

Results

The fully supervised pseudo‐label generation model achieved an average accuracy of 0.9433, while the semi‐supervised maxillary sinus detection model attained 0.9403. ResNet‐50 outperformed in classification, with accuracies of 0.9836 (sagittal) and 0.9797 (coronal). Grad‐CAM visualization confirmed accurate focus on clinically relevant lesion features.

Conclusion

The proposed pipeline achieves high‐precision detection and classification of maxillary sinus mucosal lesions, reducing manual annotation while maintaining accuracy.
Outcome of Single Dental Implants Over 38–40 Years: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Barkarmo Sargon , Kowar Jan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This is a comprehensive, long‐term follow‐up study of single‐implant treatments. At the Brånemark Clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden, during the period of 1982–1985, 16 patients received single‐tooth implants.

Objective

This study evaluates the survival rate of the implants after nearly four decades, focusing on the biological and technical complications.

Methods

Of the original 16 patients with a total of 23 implants, 13 patients with 18 implants were available for the follow‐up and were included in the study. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed on these patients.

Results

The cumulative survival rates were 95.6% for the implants and 60.9% for the implant‐supported crowns after 38–40 years in function. The marginal bone level changes were 0.9 ± 1.0 mm (range, −0.5─3.0 mm) over the follow‐up period.

The frequency of biological complications was low; although mucositis was common, no cases of peri‐implantitis were observed. The mean plaque index was 16.9% ± 11.6% (range, 1%─34%) and the mean probing depth around the implants was 3.8 ± 2.2 mm (range, 0.0─7.0 mm). Few technical complications were observed, although many of the original implant‐supported crowns had been replaced for esthetic reasons.

Conclusion

The findings emphasize the importance of long‐term follow‐up in implant dentistry, particularly for younger patients, to improve understanding of potential complications and the longevity of treatment outcomes. Overall, single‐tooth implants have a favorable long‐term prognosis, though crown replacement may eventually be necessary.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contents in Soil Organic Matter Fractions Along an Elevation Gradient in the French Alps
Authors: Marchal Lise , Garcia‐Franco Noelia , Gateuille David , Colocho Hurtarte Luis Carlos , Just Christopher , Naffrechoux Emmanuel , Wiesmeier Martin , Poulenard Jérôme
Published: February 2025

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants that accumulate in soils because of their high affinity for soil organic matter (SOM). As these pollutants are toxic to humans and the environment, a better understanding of their fate in the environment is required. This study aimed to assess the PAH distribution within soils according to different soil fractions: the free particulate organic matter (fPOM), the occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) and the mineral‐associated organic matter (MaOM). PAH contents were measured in bulk soils and SOM fractions of alpine soils along an elevation gradient in the French Alps (Lautaret) from 1920 m to 2840 m a.s.l. A specific PAH distribution was identified, with highest PAH contents in the oPOM, followed by the fPOM, then the MaOM. Organic matter (OM) contents of each fraction can partly explain this distribution, but results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on fPOM and oPOM also highlighted a correlation between the PAH contents and the degree of decomposition of SOM. This indicates that the PAH distribution may be linked to the formation and transformation of fractions: (i) PAHs in the fPOM correspond to relatively recent deposits and mainly reflect the background contamination, (ii) in the oPOM are the PAHs that resist biodegradation during the transformation of fPOM into oPOM and accumulate in the oPOM; this accumulation may be further enhanced by the formation of aggregates. Finally, (iii) in the MaOM, the lower PAH contents can be explained by the different formation pathway of this fraction and its high degree of decomposition. As the PAH distribution may have an impact on their dynamics in soils, it should be taken into consideration in future research.
Placement of custom‐made full tracheal length stents in Miniature Horses for treatment of collapsing trachea
Authors: Watkins A. R. , Clarke D. L. , Morris T. , Parente E.
Published: February 2025

This report describes the placement of custom‐designed intraluminal self‐expanding nitinol stents spanning the entire length of the trachea for the treatment of tracheal collapse in two Miniature Horses. Both horses underwent an initial anaesthetic event for tracheal length and diameter measurements performed fluoroscopically at inspiratory pressures of 20 and 30 cm H2O. Once the stents were available, a second anaesthetic event was performed for the fluoroscopic guided placement of the stents. The first case was found dead 36 days after stent placement; necropsy showed proliferative, obstructive, granulation tissue at the cranial extent of the stent. The second case survived for 2 years following stent placement without any further surgical intervention before ultimately being euthanised due to short and infrequent bouts of respiratory distress of unknown aetiology. This is the first description of full‐length intraluminal nitinol stenting of the trachea in two Miniature Horses for tracheal collapse. This technique may be an improvement on the use of multiple short tracheal stents; however, more cases are needed to determine which animals will benefit most from the procedure, as well as guide sizing, position and placement techniques to optimise outcome.
Terrestrial Invertebrates Strike Back: Aerial and Ground‐Based Colonisation of a Dry Riverbed
Authors: Ružanović Lea , Rebrina Fran , Vilenica Marina , Medak Kristian , Entling Martin H. , Brigić Andreja
Published: February 2025

Dispersal, either active or passive, plays a key role in community assembly during the colonisation of newly available habitats such as the dry riverbeds of intermittent rivers. These unstable environments are exposed to an ongoing colonisation process, often from adjacent riparian habitats that are local biodiversity hot spots. We aimed to identify the diversity, origin and colonisation pathways of terrestrial invertebrates in the dry bed of an intermittent Mediterranean river.

We sampled aerial and ground‐dwelling invertebrates during the colonisation of dry riverbeds using cross‐vane window traps and pitfall traps. Invertebrate communities were sampled in three habitat types of the intermittent karst Krčić River in Croatia: dry riverbed, riparian and upland habitat. For aerial invertebrates, we differentiated between diurnal and nocturnal colonists and between lateral and longitudinal colonists. All invertebrates were identified to order level, Carabidae, Araneae and Orthoptera to species. Environmental parameters were measured in each habitat.

Colonisation of the dry riverbed was primarily diurnal. Aerial invertebrates colonised both laterally, from the adjacent riparian habitat, and longitudinally, along the riverbed. Invertebrate catch was positively correlated with wind speed and direction, indicating the importance of passive dispersal by aerial plankton. The ground‐dwelling invertebrate community exhibited rapid dry riverbed colonisation, with riparian habitats supporting the highest diversity and unique taxa. Taxonomic metrics showed different patterns for ground‐dwelling invertebrates and each studied taxonomic group.

The observed patterns suggest that ground‐dwelling Araneae and Carabidae colonised dry riverbed mostly through spillover from the riparian habitat. In contrast, Orthoptera probably colonised the dry riverbed from the upland habitat. Concurrent sampling of aerial and ground‐dwelling colonists characterised responses that could not have been detected using a single method.

Our study demonstrates that multiple dispersal modes and source habitats are involved in the colonisation of the dry riverbed. Our results underline the importance to conserve riparian and upland areas along intermittent rivers as source habitats during the dry phase. Given the increase in stream intermittency due to climate change, the conservation and restoration of appropriate river landscapes could become more widely relevant in the future.
Satellite Observations Reveal a Positive Relationship Between Trait‐Based Diversity and Drought Response in Temperate Forests
Authors: Helfenstein Isabelle S. , Sturm Joan T. , Schmid Bernhard , Damm Alexander , Schuman Meredith C. , Morsdorf Felix
Published: February 2025

Climate extremes such as droughts are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with global change. Therefore, it is important to map and predict ecosystem responses to such extreme events to maintain ecosystem functions and services. Alongside abiotic factors, biotic factors such as the proportion of needle and broadleaf trees were found to affect forest drought responses, corroborating results from biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments. Yet it remains unclear to what extent the behavior of non‐experimental systems at large scales corresponds to the relationships discovered in BEF experiments. Using remote sensing, the trait‐based functional diversity of forest ecosystems can be directly quantified. We investigated the relationship between remotely sensed functional richness and evenness and forest drought responses using data from temperate mixed forests in Switzerland, which experienced an extremely hot and dry summer in 2018. We used Sentinel‐2 satellite data to assess aspects of functional diversity and quantified drought response in terms of resistance, recovery, and resilience from 2017 to 2020 in a scalable approach. We then analyzed the BEF relationship between functional diversity measures and drought response for different aggregation levels of richness and evenness of three physiological canopy traits (chlorophyll, carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio, and equivalent water thickness). Forest stands with greater trait richness were more resistant and resilient to the drought event, and the relationship of trait evenness with resistance or resilience was hump‐shaped or negative, respectively. These results suggest forest functional diversity can support forests in such drought responses via a mixture of complementarity and dominance effects, the first indicated by positive richness effects and the second by negative evenness effects. Our results link ecosystem functioning and biodiversity at large scales and provide new insights into the BEF relationships in non‐experimental forest ecosystems.
Development of a virtual multidisciplinary meeting framework for less common cancers
Authors: Collins Ian M. , Freeman Jessica , Ludowyk Justin , McDonough Jordyn , Ridgwell James , Buzza Mark , Corcoran Niall , Campbell David , Thomas Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Less common cancers are underserved with expertise compared to other cancers. This is accentuated in regional areas where patients may need to travel for expert opinion. Development of a virtual multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) can help overcome this disadvantage but can be a challenge to establish. We describe the development of a framework for future less common cancer MDMs.
Public trust and bank branching regulation on personal loan grants and default risk: Evidence from regional commercial banks in China
Authors: Fonseka Mohan , Richardson Grant
Published: February 2025

We examine the effect of public trust on personal loan grants and the default risk of Chinese regional commercial banks during the bank branch regulation regime changes. Using exogenous shocks of bank branch regulation regimes in quasi‐natural experiments, we find that public trust exhibits a more pronounced increase in personal loan grants for regional banks. Additionally, we report a negative relationship between public trust and default risk. Finally, we observe that city commercial banks that open branches in high public trust provinces during the deregulation period lead to an increase (decrease) in personal loan grants and (default risk).
Economic Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age Attending Primary Care in Italy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Two Regions
Authors: Sankatsing Valérie D. V. , van Summeren Jojanneke , Abreha Fasika Molla , Pandolfi Elisabetta , Chironna Maria , Loconsole Daniela , Kramer Rolf , Paget John , Rizzo Caterina
Published: February 2025

Background

Accurate cost estimates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in primary care are limited, despite the majority of cases being managed in this setting. This study aims to estimate healthcare costs for children with RSV in primary care and the related costs of parental work absence.

Methods

Children < 5 years of age with symptoms of acute respiratory infections were recruited via primary care paediatricians in two Italian regions for a prospective cohort study on the RSV burden in primary care, during the 2019/2020 winter. Healthcare utilization, medication use and parental work absence were assessed during a 14‐day follow‐up period. Average costs were estimated per RSV episode for the overall study population, as well as per age group.

Results

Two hundred ninety three children were recruited, of which 119 tested RSV positive (41%) and 109 were included. In total, 89% of RSV‐positive children (97/109) had ≥ 1 repeat paediatrician visit(s), and 10% (11/109) visited the ED. The mean number of repeat visits was 3.8 (SD: 4.0) and the mean duration of work absence 4.0 days (SD: 5.0). Average costs per RSV episode were €730 (95% CI: €691–€771), with direct medical costs accounting for 25% (€183 [95% CI: €174–€191]) and indirect costs related to work absence for 75% (€547 [95% CI: €509–€587]).

Conclusions

Costs associated with RSV infections in young children in primary care are considerable due to a substantial number of paediatrician visits and high rates of parental work absence. These costs are important to include in decision‐making regarding the implementation of new RSV immunization strategies in national immunization programmes.
Population profile and glycemic control following initiation or switch of injectable therapies in Tianjin, China: A real‐world retrospective cohort study of adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Qiumei , Fan Yaqing , Liu Xixi , Zhang Minlu , Zhang Jiewen , Du Qin , Kang Lei , Chen Liming
Published: February 2025

Aims

To evaluate characteristics and glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes using injectable therapies in real‐world clinical practice in Tianjin, China.

Materials and methods

Data from inpatients and outpatients receiving injectable therapies between January 2015 and December 2019 were collected from the Tianjin regional electronic medical records and retrospectively analyzed. Seven cohorts were identified, including individuals initiating injectable therapies (premixed insulin [n = 4,687], basal insulin [4,177], or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [541]) or switching injectable therapies (premixed insulin to basal insulin [1,298], basal insulin to premixed insulin [1,457], basal insulin to basal + bolus insulin [1,772], or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists to basal insulin ± glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [82]).

Results

In participants initiating therapy, glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were highest in the basal insulin cohort, while among participants switching therapy, the highest values were in the basal insulin ± glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists cohort. Initiating therapy with premixed or basal insulin and switching from basal insulin to basal + bolus insulin improved glycemic control over 12 months. A mean delay in initiating therapy of up to 13 months after oral glucose‐lowering drug failure was observed, with 60% having a delay of >6 months. This delay was associated with a lower proportion achieving glycemic control 3 months after initiation.

Conclusions

Effectiveness was not observed at all time points in all cohorts, suggesting some treatments were not used in the appropriate population. Delays in initiating injectable therapies were observed and were associated with poor glycemic control.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Low‐Value Care Among Older Adults in a Large Statewide Health System
Authors: Oronce Carlos Irwin A. , Pablo Ray , Shapiro Susi Rodriguez , Willis Phyllis , Ponce Ninez , Mafi John N. , Sarkisian Catherine
Published: February 2025

Background

As value‐based payment models incorporate both measures of health equity and low‐value care (LVC), understanding how LVC varies by race is vital for interventions. Therefore, we measured racial differences in LVC in a contemporary sample.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of claims from adults ≥ 55 years receiving care at five academic medical centers in California from 2019 to 2021. Our sample included patients who received a service that could be classified as LVC. The primary outcome was whether a service was classified as LVC. Secondary outcomes included clinical categories of LVC (preventive screening, diagnostic testing, prescription drugs, and preoperative testing). We examined associations between race/ethnicity with outcomes using multivariable regression models adjusted for patient characteristics and medical center.

Results

Among 15,720 members who received potentially LVC, non‐Hispanic White older adults comprised 59% of the sample, followed by Asian (17%), unknown race (8%), Latino (8%), non‐Hispanic Black (5%), other race (2%). In adjusted models, Asian (−4.9 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI −5.9, −3.8 pp), Black (−5.4 pp; 95% CI −8.0, −2.7 pp), and Latino (−2.5 pp; 95% CI −4.6, −0.4 pp) older adults were less likely to receive LVC compared to White older adults, specifically preventive and preoperative services. Asian, Black, and Latino older adults, however, were more likely to receive low‐value prescriptions.

Conclusions

These diverging racial patterns in LVC across different measures likely reflect differential mechanisms, underscoring the need to use clinically specific measures rather than composite measures, which obscure underlying heterogeneity and could lead to potentially harmful and inequity‐producing interventions.
How Sustainable Are Hospital Menus in the United Kingdom? Identifying Untapped Potential Based on a Novel Scoring System for Plant‐Based Provisions
Authors: Sadler Isabelle , Bauer Alexander , Kassam Shireen
Published: February 2025

Background

Adopting plant‐forward diets is essential for achieving climate targets. As the second‐largest provider of public sector meals in the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) can significantly reduce its environmental impact by transitioning to plant‐forward menus, contributing to its goal of being a net‐zero healthcare service by 2045. This study evaluates the extent to which NHS hospitals currently align with sustainable practices by assessing the plant‐forward nature of in‐patient menus.

Methods

Green Plans from 40 hospital trusts were analysed to assess commitment to plant‐forward, lower‐emission menus. Freedom of Information requests were sent to 50 NHS trusts, and 36 menus from the spring/summer season of 2024 were analysed. A novel scoring system was developed to assess the hospital menus, with subscores reflecting the availability of plant‐based meals, ruminant‐meat meals, and menu strategies to encourage plant‐forward choices.

Results

Green Plans showed limited commitment to increasing plant‐based food options. Hospital menus scored poorly overall (average score of 20/100, range: 9–38). The lowest subscores were observed in the provision of fully plant‐based meals and nudging techniques. The provision of ruminant meat varied (subscore range: 0–100) and all hospitals included processed meat on their menu. Hospitals with outsourced catering scored higher than those with in‐house catering.

Conclusion

Despite national recommendations to shift towards plant‐forward diets, NHS hospitals currently show little commitment and provide limited offerings in this regard. The novel scoring system offers a practical framework for monitoring progress and guiding hospitals towards environmentally sustainable, plant‐forward menus.