The history of the Greeks appearance in the Republic of Bashkortostan / История появления греков в Республике Башкортостан
Authors:   Order of the Badge of Honour of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sadykova Liana R. 
Published: September 2024

Migration processes are becoming particularly important and relevant in the modern world. Due to the greater mobility of the population, modern society is characterized by constant migration flows. In turn, the increase in the number of migrants causes interethnic tension in the host country, which is regulated by regulatory and forceful methods and integration strategies. The study of the diaspora is connected with the need to study new socio-cultural processes associated with increased communication between different ethnic groups. Today, the number and role of diasporas in the economic, socio-cultural and political life of society is increasing. Because it is the diaspora that plays an important role in uniting and consolidating the ethnic group, preserving ethnic identity. The Diaspora is a complex education and the modern world only reinforces the tendency of social dynamics to complicate. It is difficult for researchers to talk about any general laws of diasporic formation. Thus, it is necessary to study the diversity and uniqueness of specific diasporas. This scientific article examines the history of the appearance of the Greeks in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The author of the study draws our attention to the fact that the process of migration of Greeks to Bashkortostan was difficult and lengthy. The Greeks were forced to leave the Crimea because of Stalin’s repressions. At the same time, the author is also aware of the earlier appearance of the Greeks in Russia and on the territory of the republic, about the interaction of South Ural tribes with ancient centers. Of course, the article presents the dynamics of the number of Greeks in the Republic of Bashkortostan according to the All-Union (All-Russian) censuses. The scientific study provides information about the emergence and formation of Greeks into a national cultural society in Bashkortostan and tells about its functioning in this territory. The author notes that the first Greek society had a name – “Taurida”, and later it was revived into a regional public organization, the Society of Greeks “Xymeroma” of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The name of the society “Xymeroma” is translated from Greek into Russian as “Dawn”. If in the Greek society “Tavrida” the majority of its members were natives of the Crimea, only 10% were natives of Western Georgia. The composition of the Greek society “Xymeroma” with the name of the society is changing, now immigrants from Western Georgia predominate and the revived society is somewhat superior in quantity to the former, but there are noticeably fewer collective events. The conclusion says that the Greeks in the Republic of Bashkortostan manage to preserve their ethnicity. Аннотация. Данная статья рассматривает историю появления греков в Республике Башкортостан. Автор исследования обращает внимание на то, что процесс их миграции был сложным и длительным. Греки были вынуждены покинуть Крым из-за сталинских репрессий. В статье также представлены сведения об их более раннем появлении в России и на территории республики, о взаимодействии южноуральских племен с античными центрами. Автор касается динамики численности греков по всесоюзным (всероссийским) переписям населения. В научном исследовании дана информация о национально-культурных обществах греков в Республике Башкортостан. Автор отмечает, что первое общество греков именовалось «Таврида», позже новая региональная общественная организация получила название «Ксимерома» («Рассвет»). Если в греческом обществе «Таврида» большинство его членов были крымчанами (и только 10 % уроженцами Грузии), то в более многочисленном обществе «Ксимерома» уже преобладают выходцы из Западной Грузии. В последние годы проводимых обществом коллективных мероприятий, к сожалению, становится заметно меньше, что связано с рядом объективных факторов. В заключении говорится о том, что грекам в Республике Башкортостан удается сохранить свою этничность.