bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATTRIBUTE BASED ENCRYPTION IN IOT DEVICES
Authors: Jaffer Vali Dr. Shaik
Published: June 2024

The improvement of the Web of matters (IoT) basically impacts our day to day and expert life. Home and workplace computerization are in modern times substantially less difficult with the execution of IoT. Numerous sensors are associated with display screen the advent line, or to manipulate an computerized local weather is presently a reality. Sensors are presently sufficiently smart to observe a local weather and moreover deliver over the Web. That is the reason, executing an IoT framework internal the introduction line, emergency clinics, workplace space, or at domestic ought to be advantageous as a human can join over the Web on every occasion to comprehend the climate. 61% of Worldwide Information Company (IDC) studied associations are efficiently in search of after IoT drives, and 6.8% of the ordinary IT spending plans is moreover being disbursed to IoT drives. Be that as it may, the safety probabilities are as but unclear, and 34% of respondents added up that data safety is their indispensable difficulty. The main aim of this paper is to provide an entrance manipulate framework that is dynamic, adaptable, and lightweight. This proposed admittance manipulate format can get IoT sensors alongside with protect sensor information and required very less cooperation time.
USING AI TO CREATE UNPRECEDENTED VISUAL EFFECTS FOR ANIMATED FILM
Authors: Krishna Reddy V. Siva , Kathiravan Dr. M. , Lokeswara Reddy Dr. V.
Published: June 2024

When one's material situation improves, they have a greater appreciation for entertainment that enriches their soul. The popularity of movies and TV series with spiritual themes continues to rise. But the film business has grown exponentially, and so has the output of animated movies. Consumers want a system that can quickly and accurately search massive databases for their favorite anime films. New forms of visual expression in animated films are investigated using AI and ML in this study. This article sets the scene for the recent improvements and enhancements, which make use of ML technology as a starting point for investigating new techniques and models to better movie visual representation and propose thinking that is vital to the creative growth of cinema. The visual language of Hollywood's "Kung Fu Panda news" is studied by a convolutional neural network. The film is referenced throughout the piece. Accuracy on the test set was found to stay at 57% even after the model parameters were determined. Improving the originality and aesthetic quality of films and encouraging the sustainable growth of the film industry are of paramount importance.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF IMAGE PROCESSING WITH DEEP LEARNING FOR VEHICLE DETECTION AND TRACKING
Authors: Priyanka Ankireddy , Sharmila Dr. V. Ceronmani , Reddy Dr.V. Lokeswara
Published: June 2024

Vehicle identification and tracking is an extremely important function of traffic surveillance systems that is necessary for efficient traffic management and the protection of drivers and passengers. Finding and following the path of vehicles is the primary goal of this research. The goal of this research is to develop methods for the automated identification of cars in digital photographs and moving pictures. One of the numerous uses for Deep Learning, which may include fuzzy logic, neural networks, and evolutionary algorithms, is in the detection and tracking of automobiles. The purpose of this project is to apply deep learning to the problem of vehicle recognition and tracking; the primary-stage target detection techniques will be YOLOv5 and Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD). This is the main topic of the article. The Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) model architecture is then employed as the major foundation for vehicle detection. Focus loss, in addition to the standard SSD, is an optimization component that improves feature extraction speed. Therefore, the procedure begins with a series of training procedures on the photos included inside the publicly accessible road vehicle dataset. The vehicle recognition model is then trained using YOLOv5 and SSD algorithms; these two algorithms work together to show how effective they are at detecting vehicles. Comparing the models' detection rates on different cars is the key to locating it. The fundamental objective of this study is to develop an automated technique for detecting and tracking autos in both static and dynamic scenes. In the end, the trained network model is applied to the analysis of the vehicle camera video, and the detection performance is tested experimentally. The study's results show that the approach may enhance vehicle identification success to 97.65%. From video and picture inputs, it can reliably identify vehicles.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN CHEMICAL, MATERIAL SCIENCES & NANO TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Karuppiah Nagaraj Dr. , Subramaniam Kamalesu Dr. , Prasenjit Maity Dr. , Kumar Saini Anil , Kumar Sharma Shiv , Kunjamboo Nair Jayesh
Published: June 2024

Materials science has broadened from its historical roots in metallurgy and solid-state physics to underpin many aspects of physical and engineering science, through to the mechanical behavior of complex engineered products in extreme environments. This field of science investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. In this chapter, is to provide an overview of the various types of materials, with a focus on synthetic methodologies and relationships between the structure of a material and its overall properties. Each chapter will feature a section entitled “Important Materials Applications” that will describe an interesting current/future application related to a particular class of material. Topics for these sections include fuel cells, limb implants, solar cells, “self-healing” plastics, and molecular machines (e.g., artificial muscles). In the future, nanotechnology could also enable objects to harvest energy from their environment. New nano-materials and concepts are currently being developed that show potential for producing energy from movement, light, variations in temperature, glucose and other sources with high conversion efficiency.
EXPLORING THE VERSATILITY AND APPLICATIONS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR DERIVATIVES: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: Dave Bhargav , Bhatt Keyur
Published: June 2024

Supermolecular chemistry has become a dynamic field focused on understanding and exploiting non-covalent interactions to create functional and flexible systems. This summary explores the importance of supramolecular derivatives, a group of compounds that are the result of deliberate modification and manipulation of supramolecular assemblies. Supermolecular derivatives exhibit a wide range of properties and applications due to the inherent flexibility of non-covalent interactions. These derivatives are formed by incorporating functional radicals into supramolecular frameworks, allowing for custom material design with specific properties. This summary highlights key aspects of supramolecular derivatives, including their structural diversity, synthesis strategies, and diverse applications. Structurally, supramolecular derivatives include a wide range of architectures such as host-guest complexes, coordination polymers, and self-assembled monolayers. Through the strategic placement of functional groups in these architectures, properties such as solubility, selectivity, and reactivity can be fine-tuned. This design flexibility presents opportunities in areas such as drug delivery, catalysis and materials science
AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICINAL POTENTIAL OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES, INCLUDING ITS ANTI-DIABETIC, ANTI-MICROBIAL, AND ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES
Authors: M Bhagyalakshmi , B Nirmala
Published: June 2024

Plants are richest source of natural products. These products exhibits wide range of effects on plant, pests, animals including human beings and also on environment stresses. Plant secondary metabolites are the major natural product among all the product of plant more than 50,000 secondary metabolites were reported till now. Numerous plants are considered as medicinal herb and several modern medicines depend on secondary metabolites for their action. These compounds provide protection inside and outside to the plant through a variety of biochemical pathways. Several research and folklore medicines age shows that secondary metabolites possess various well known therapeutic applications. Recent approaches towards new /isolated /mixed/ purified secondary metabolites for the treatment and prevention of the diseases significantly augmenting for betterment of human health.
EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION, IDENTIFICATION AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF TERPENES FROM PLANT SOURCES: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Umendra
Published: June 2024

Terpenoids are a group of phytochemical compounds that are widely studied for their pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, and analgesic effects. The phytochemical properties of terpenoids encompass a wide range of characteristics that contribute to their diverse roles in the plant kingdom, ranging from defense mechanisms to communication and reproduction strategies. Terpenes have proven to be valuable sources for drug discovery and therapeutic interventions due to their multifaceted activities. In this review, we focus on the general methods of structure elucidation for terpenoid compounds, focusing on spectroscopic techniques that are commonly used. We also discuss the intricate mechanisms underlying their interactions with molecular targets and pathways, highlighting their potential to address a spectrum of pathological conditions
APPLICATIONS OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Giri Sanchari , Ganguly Rajdeep , Begam Howa
Published: June 2024

Calcium phosphates (CaP), the major mineral composition of bone and teeth, are exceptionally biocompatible and frequently used in bone tissue engineering. The biodegradable calcium phosphates have a high affinity for nucleic acids and therapeutic prescription drugs. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles(CaPNPs) can also be employed as excellent delivery vehicles to transport therapy into tumor cells due to their high affinity for binding to therapeutic medicines and nucleic acids. CaPs' simplicity of manufacture and functionalization, as well as intrinsic features such as pH dependent solubility, offer benefits in the administration and release of these bioactive compounds employing CaPs as nanocarriers. Because of their safety and biodegradability, CaPNPs are effective carriers for vaccine formulation and adjuvants. A brief account on the usage of CaPNPs as a vehicle of drug delivery for various diseases and also in the field of regenerative medicine has been explained. Many research groups have made significant progress in studying CaPNPs in the context of vaccination. In this study, we also focused on the fundamental properties of CaPNPs as well as their most recent application as a vaccine.
INTRODUCTION OF SCHIFF BASES
Authors: Sainath Narayan Bhavsar Dr.
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides an engaging overview of Schiff bases, highlighting their versatility in various chemical applications. Covering the synthesis, structural diversity, and multifaceted reactivity of Schiff bases, the introduction delves into their significance in coordination chemistry, bioinorganic systems, and medicinal chemistry. With a focus on the intriguing properties that make Schiff bases indispensable in scientific research, this abstract invites readers to embark on a journey through the fascinating realm of these nitrogen-containing compounds.
BASICS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Sharma Balveer
Published: June 2024

Analytical Chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify and quantify materials. Analytical Chemistry is a branch of chemistry with interdisciplinary character. We know the importance of chemicals in our life. The foods, clothes and medicines and so on are made up of chemicals. We all know the importance of chemical analyses in all these products. The development of chemical analytical methods lies in the discipline of analytical chemistry. Therefore, in this chapter we will learn about the analytical chemistry and its important and about different chemical methods of analysis like gravimetry and volumetry analyses,classification of electrical methods of analysis including potentiometry, amperometry, voltammetry, coulometry, etc. In the latter part of the chapter we have introduced optical method of analysis like emission, absorption, UV, IR, and Raman spectroscopic, nuclear and thermal methods of analysis briefly. Separation of the chemicals compounds is a very important part of analytical chemistry.
EN ROUTE TO FLUOROPHORES BASED ON OXYGEN HETEROCYCLES
Authors: Krishna Mitra Amrit , Chakraborty Nitisha
Published: June 2024

Small molecule fluorophores are effective tools for visualising biological events and they represent an important aspect of chemical biology. Since the first organic fluorophore, quinine, was discovered in 1845, efforts have been made to modify fluorescent substances using theoretical and synthetic approaches. The capability to use contemporary organic chemistry techniques to tailor chemical structures and logically tweak the photophysical properties and functioning of the fluorophore is a benefit of synthetic dyes. Although a wide array of fluorophores has been known over the years, most of these compounds are built on small ‘core’ dyes. Such dyes with various chemical functionalisations allow the accurate probing of several biochemical systems. In recent times, especially in the field of chemical biology, the technologies based on fluorescence have been found significant and it demands the basic understanding of the primary categories of small-molecule fluorophores. In this book chapter, we focus on the photophysical characteristics of a few fluorophores based on oxygen heterocycles and show both traditional and modern instances of how utility has been developed atop these foundations.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE
Authors: Mohana Sushant Pandit Dr. (Smt.)
Published: June 2024

Social science, the study of human society and behavior, is undergoing significant transformations as we move into the future. Several key trends are shaping the field of social science, influencing research, policy, and our understanding of human interactions. These trends are driven by technological advancements, evolving societal needs, and a deeper understanding of pedagogy. By embracing these trends, educators can prepare students to address the complex societal challenges of tomorrow and become informed, responsible, and engaged citizens in an ever-evolving world.
TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: A GENDER BASED SUBSTANTIATEDTERROR IN INDIA
Authors: Amrita Banerjee Dr.
Published: June 2024

After drugs and weapons, human trafficking has grown to be the third-largest source of income for organized crime, generating billions of dollars annually. That being said, no nation is immune to the trafficking of women, who constitute a substantial portion of the human trafficking trade. Women accept risky offers of work and marriage in the hopes of improving their lot in life, driven by poverty, unemployment, and media representations of Western lifestyles. According to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), if a woman determines that travelling overseas is the best way to solve her problems, she frequently tries every agency or Plan, no matter how big the risk. While some women might succeed in finding the careers, relationships, and opportunities they desire, many more end up as victims of abuse, sex trafficking, and sexual exploitation. All established norms of human rights and dignity are broken by trafficking. Women are an especially vulnerable class in this world of tragic and complex human abuse. These unfortunate women are mercilessly trafficked and exploited, denying them the freedom to choose or opportunities for a dignified existence. As a result, they are forced to live lives afflicted by social stigma, debt bondage, and a variety of diseases, including HIV/AIDS. In its broadest definition, trafficking include not only the use of another person for sexual or prostitution purposes, but also forced labor, services, servitude or activities akin to slavery, and the trade in human parts. It is obvious that the fundamental right to a life of dignity is violated by trafficking. Sadly, not many people are aware of the consequences associated with trafficking as a kind of international organized crime. The purpose of my paper is to highlight the major reasons behind the origin of this problem with special reference to trafficking of women into forced prostitution. Women community are been more susceptible to it after intermittently incorporated with covid-19 in the new parameters of the changing paradigm shift. The paper will also discuss that how the sex trade has converted itself into a business of power house and its effect on society. Regrettably, there is glaringly insufficient infrastructure for rescue and rehabilitation. These challenges have not been sufficiently or creatively addressed by administrative policy or the law. Many rescued victims are subsequently re-trafficked as a result.
APPLICATIONS OF MICROBE BASED NANOPARTICLES FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY
Authors: Saini Monika , Chitranshi Rishabh , Dutta Rajiv
Published: June 2024

This book chapter explores the cutting-edge utilization of microbial nanoparticles in fermentation technology, specifically focusing on their significant advancements and benefits within the food and beverage industry. Microbial nanoparticles, such as exosomes and outer membrane vesicles, have emerged as novel tools for enhancing fermentation processes. By encapsulating bioactive compounds, enzymes, and genetic material, they offer targeted delivery and controlled release, thereby enhancing product quality, yield, and functionality. This chapter delves into the synthesis, characterization, and application of these nanoparticles in various fermentation contexts, ranging from traditional food production to modern biotechnological processes. Moreover, it discusses their potential to optimize fermentation parameters, improve sensory attributes, and extend shelf life. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent research and industrial implementations, this chapter underscores the promising role of microbial nanoparticles in revolutionizing fermentation practices, ultimately shaping the future of food and beverage production.
RECENT ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR PLANT PATHOGEN DETECTION
Authors: Manzoor Subaya , Mir Zahoor Ahmad , Wani Tanveer Ahmad , Gulzar Humira , Nabi Zarka , Parveen Shugufta , Rather Tariq Rasool , Nabi Dr. Sajad Un
Published: June 2024

Emerging plant pathogens persist as a serious threat to the food security and stability of ecosystems, casting a looming shadow over the global economy. Plant pathogens afflicting one of the biggest threats to agriculture worldwide, capable of amplifying harvest losses by as much as 30 percent of the total global annual economic output, resulting in the depletion of food production worth billions of dollars. Therefore, it becomes important to precisely delineate the issue and explore solutions for addressing these ailments. Traditional methods are deemed insufficient in terms of precision, accuracy and sensitivity required for the identification of plant pathogens. Traditional diagnostic techniques involve culture-dependent morphological approaches that are cumbersome, time-intensive and become even more formidable when confronted with biotrophic pathogens. To bridge the existing gap, researchers have developed specific, sensitive and effective molecular techniques as a diagnostic tool for plant diseases, holding the potential to enhance decision-making in disease management, addressing many limitations of conventional methods. Molecular strategies offer significant advancements in crop diagnostics, enabling the early identification and containment of quarantine pathogens, as well as facilitating more comprehensive integrated tools for disease control. A wide variety of molecular tools are progressively gaining importance as indispensable assets across various facets of plant pathogen diagnosis. These include enzyme immunoassays, lateral flow assays, polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, helicase-dependent amplification, rolling circle amplification, and next-generation sequencing. Characterized by enhanced sensitivity and specificity, reduced time requirements, and transformative capabilities, these methods stand to revolutionize the approach that farmers and pathologists adopt in diagnosing crop diseases. The future for molecular approaches in point-of-care diagnostics appears exceedingly promising, especially when coupled with uncomplicated DNA extraction procedures, reagent stabilization methodologies, and seamless integration into portable devices.
CHANDRAYAAN: SURVEY ON THE JOURNEY TO MOON
Authors: Sasikala Dr. Nellutla , Kumar Rao Dr. K. Praveen
Published: June 2024

One of the important missions of ISRO is Chandrayaan program to explore moons terrain. Under this Chandrayaan -1 was launched on 22 October 2008 and the mission was planned to work for 2 years but unfortunately it came to an end by 312 days. The mission was successful and gave a hope to explore lunar terrain more which developed the next mission Chandrayaan 2. A robust design was made in order to study the lunar plane compositions, lunar atmosphere and the presence of water in the southern polar area. On July 22, 2019 the craft was launched from SHAR (Satish Dhawan Space Centre) in Andhra Pradesh. The mission was successful to some extent, but lost the communication with the ground. Chandrayaan-3 is the updated lunar mission for exploration on the moon plane interested in exploring the south pole. It is similar to Chandrayaan-2 in that it comprises of a, lander and rover. Lander was named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan, but it lacks an orbiter. This book chapter gives an insight to the three missions, their findings and failures.
POWERFUL TOOLS IN LINEAR ALGEBRA - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE(AIDS)
Authors: Indulkar Kimaya Kaustubh
Published: June 2024

Linear algebra plays a vital role in better understanding artificial intelligence and quantum computing, as currently BFSI is heading towards advanced tools and techniques of deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence. In the context of data science, linear algebra plays a crucial role in various areas, including data manipulation, machine learning, and data analysis. Linear algebra, widely considered as the “guru of mathematics”, is a computational tool for science, engineering, and data analytics The objective of above paper is to throw light on one to one relation between linear algebra & data science with the help of some basic application.
ALIGNED MAGNETIC FIELD-ENHANCED MHD MIXED CONVECTION AND HEAT TRANSFER ON A MOVING INCLINED POROUS SURFACE
Authors: Sridhar W , Rao D. Srinivasa , Dharmaiah G , Sujatha V
Published: June 2024

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow along with heat transfer on an inclined permeable sheet in motion, subjected to an aligned magnetic field. To attain this goal, precise solutions for the partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived using perturbation techniques. The research explores the impact of several factors, including radiation thermo, chemical reaction, Hall current and the aligned magnetic field. Notably, it is noted that higher values of the Schmidt number (Sc) and the parameter γ lead to a reduction in fluid concentration. Conversely, elevated values of parameters ϕ, Prandtl number (Pr), and the mixed convection parameter (F) result in a decrease in temperature. The velocity of the fluid is found to increase with higher values of the Grashof numbers (Gr), Görtler numbers (Gc), thermal buoyancy parameter (α), mixed convection parameter (F), and the permeability parameter (K). On the contrary, the velocity decreases when parameters of non-dimentional such as the Hartmann number (M), Sc, Pr, ξ, power-law index (m), and ϕ are increased. Further analysis reveals that the Sherwood number experiences a decline with increasing Sc and γ values. Conversely, the Nusselt number rises as the parameters F, ϕ, and Pr increase. Additionally, the study shows that an increase in the permeability parameter (K), Gr, and Gc results in a higher skin-friction coefficient, whereas an increase in parameters M, α, F, Sc, m, and ξ leads to a decrease in the skin-friction coefficient. To validate the findings, graphs are generated and compared with the calculated results. In summary, the study sheds light on the interplay between mixed convection, heat transfer, MHD effects, and aligned magnetic fields in a porous medium, providing valuable insights into the intricate fluid dynamics and thermal behavior.
BIANCHI TYPE-V INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH FLAT POTENTIAL FOR BAROTROPIC PERFECT FLUID DISTRIBUTION IN GENERAL RELATIVITY
Authors: Jat Laxmi Lal , Chhajed Dhirendra , Tyagi Atul
Published: June 2024

We have examined the Bianchi type-V inflationary world with flat potential for barotropic perfect fluid distribution under general relativity. Our assumption is that the isotropic pressure p, is proportional to the appropriate energy density r, in order to derive the deterministic solution of the model, which leads to p =gr and potential V(f) as constant. The model's behavior based on geometric and physical aspects is also discussed.
LOCAL ISOLATE DOMINATION IN GRAPHS
Authors: Padmavathi S. V.
Published: June 2024

In this Communication a new parameter called Local Isolate Domination in graphs is defined and Studied. A Dominating Set S is a Local Dominating set iff for each u in S, < N(u) > has an isolate.
AN INGENIOUS FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM (IFPS)
Authors: Jenefer G. Geo , Rathy P. Agnes Alex
Published: June 2024

Our project is to develop an Ingenious Fire Protection System (IFPS) using IoT. The purpose of this system is to detect the fire as early as possible. Fire detection is done by using sensors such as a flame sensor, a gas sensor, and a temperature sensor. For the alert purpose, we are using the buzzer and Wi-Fi module for giving notifications about fire detection to the owner and authorized parties and also for sending the location of the fire accident. After the fire is detected, a link will be sent to the owner, and he or she can watch the live stream using the camera. The sensors in this systemare connected to a NodeMCU, allowing for data collection and communication with the cloud platform for real-time monitoring and control. The output of this IoT home fire and safety project will be a connected system that integrates gas, temperature, and flame sensors with a NodeMCU, buzzer, sprinkler, GPS, and cloud platform, providing real-time monitoring and alerts for potential fire hazards, enhancing home safety and security. It also saves energy and money by automating sprinklers, cameras, and buzzers. IoT sensors can be installed in various parts of a building or facility to monitor temperature, smoke, and other parameters that can trigger a fire. Cameras can also be strategically placed to monitor the building or facility and provide real-time video feeds to the system. The data collected by the IoT sensors and cameras are then transmitted to a central control unit or a cloud-based platform. The platform analyzes the data and sends alerts to relevant stakeholders in the event of any abnormalities or hazards detected. Additionally, the video feeds from the cameras can be used for live monitoring and to identify potential hazards. This provides real-time insights for facility managers and security personnel to take immediate action if necessary. Compared to the existing systems, this system provides immediate notification with a live stream link to the specific person to avoid fire accidents. Overall, the integration of cameras with IoT sensors offers a comprehensive fire and safety management solution that enhances the safety of building occupants and protects valuable assets. As technology continues to evolve, these systems are expected to become even more sophisticated and effective in safeguarding against fire-related incidents.
AN EVALUATION OF MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR PREDICTING CROP YIELD
Authors: Vinoda Dr. N. , Borugadda Dr. PremKumar
Published: June 2024

The use of machine learning (ML) methods in the analysis of agricultural sensor data obtained from sensor devices offers a solution to a significant challenge faced by the agricultural industry, namely yield forecasting. The Internet of Things (IoT) has several applications within the realm of digital agriculture, including tasks such as monitoring crop development, aiding in crop selection, and facilitating decision-making processes related to irrigation. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that involves the integration of physical objects with the capability to collect and transmit data. In the realm of agriculture, the integration of sensors with the Internet of Things (IoT) serves to provide valuable support to farmers in optimizing their decision-making processes. This process is accomplished by using sensor networks. One of the primary advantages associated with the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in the context of Precision Farming (PF) is to the potential reduction in water and fertilizer requirements, coupled with an increase in crop yield.
REVIEW: TRENDS IN FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY: A NUTRACEUTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Maiti Dr. Moitrayee
Published: June 2024

The role of fermentation technology in our lives has been established since the age of the Egyptians around 5000 BC. Fermentation technology involves harvesting the potential of microorganisms in the form of mass production of chemicals, enzymes, proteins, drugs, and biofuels using the right conditions and a specific strain of culture to obtain the desired results. With further improvements in this area, humans were able to use much of this technology to their advantage; there is still a large chunk left to explore that can improve human civilization manifold in terms of health. Continuous efforts and advancements in this field can determine the futuristic trends in biotechnology, which is a broad domain where this huge potential of technology lies. Any substance that provides therapeutic or health benefits in the prevention and treatment of disease is known as a nutraceutical. Its components either have known therapeutic activity or contribute substantially to the drug's therapeutic activity. [4] The review discusses genetically modified microorganisms as potential factories to produce desired by-products. Future trends in the nutraceutical industry have also been discussed.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: N. Akila Dr.
Published: June 2024

Fermentation is a complex process that involves molecular oxidation or reduction mechanisms driven by selective microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. This transformative process results in the production of various bioactive molecules, which offer significant health benefits. The fundamental principle of fermentation technology entails cultivating organisms under ideal conditions, providing them with essential raw materials like carbon, nitrogen, salts, trace elements, and vitamins. The primary function of fermentation lies in the conversion of NADH back into the coenzyme NAD+, allowing it to be utilized again in glycolysis. During fermentation, an organic electron acceptor (e.g., pyruvate or acetaldehyde) interacts with NADH to produce NAD+, yielding by products such as carbon dioxide and ethanol (as seen in ethanol fermentation) or lactate (in lactic acid fermentation). The metabolically derived end products, formed over the life span of microorganisms, are released into the surrounding medium. These products are then extracted for various human applications, holding significant commercial value. Based on the specific end product generated, fermentation can be categorized into four types: lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, acetic acid fermentation, and butyric acid fermentation. To facilitate the fermentation process, a fermenter or bioreactor is employed. This device is designed for the cultivation of microorganisms and contains all the necessary components for the large-scale synthesis of various compounds, including antibiotics, enzymes, and beverages across different industries. The microorganisms within the fermented are cultivated in a manner that maximizes the yield of the product while minimizing the required resources.
STUDY OF PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF IPOMEA CARNEA JACQ. FOR THE SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu AND Zn
Authors: S. P Gajbhiye , V. K Hile , Shantaj Deshbhratar
Published: June 2024

The research involved assessing the phytoremediation capabilities of Ipomea carnea Jacq. for five heavy metals—chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)—in both in-situ and ex-situ conditions. The samples of soil and plant material were collected from Thane-Belapur Industrial Area, Navi Mumbai, India. Further laboratory pot experiment was conducted using the same plants and each pot was treated with selected five metals in three different doses 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm. The plants were harvested and separated into soil, roots and shoots and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals by using ICP-AES. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) and The Translocation Factor (TF) was calculated to study its efficiency for heavy metal bioaccumulation. The result showed that I. carnea accumulates Fe more than 10,000 mg/kg; therefore it is hyperaccumulator of it. It also bioaccumulated other heavy metals in varying concentration but 25 ppm and 50 ppm are most suitable dose for translocation of these metals from root to shoots. It is clear that Ipomea carnea Jacq. have ability to withstand such high concentration of heavy metals and can be used for restabilization of disturb habitat.
BIOFULES: PRODUCTION AND CHALLENGES USING ALGAE SUSTAINABLE PRODUCER
Authors: Tripathi Sulekha
Published: June 2024

Biofuels derived from algae have gained significant attention as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to their potential for high yields, carbon neutrality, and versatility. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of biofuel production from algae, focusing on the challenges faced and sustainable strategies to overcome them. Algae, as efficient photosynthetic organisms, offer various advantages including rapid growth rates, minimal land use, and ability to thrive in diverse environments. However, several technical, economic, and environmental obstacles hinder large-scale commercialization. This paper discusses cultivation methods, lipid extraction techniques, and conversion processes, while also addressing issues such as resource utilization, water and nutrient management, and the need for genetic optimization. The integration of algae-based biofuel production with other industries, such as wastewater treatment and carbon capture, is explored as a means to enhance sustainability. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks and policy incentives are examined to understand their role in facilitating the growth of algae-based biofuel technologies. By acknowledging these challenges and potential solutions, this review paper aims to contribute to the development of a more sustainable and efficient biofuel industry.
BIOREMEDIATION: AN EMERGING WAY FOR NATURAL AND STABLE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Pushparaj Mrs. Indumathi , R Dr. Ajitha Rani
Published: June 2024

Urbanization, anthropogenic activities, increases in demand for the available resources, excessive agricultural and mining practices have led to increase in the concentration of heavy metals and xenobiotic compounds in the environment. Presence of these toxic compounds ultimately finds its way into the food chain and can cause serious damage to living beings. Several health issues related to accumulation of toxic metals in human body have been well documented in literature. Attention in this regard is majorly on an eco-friendly solution where bioremediation is one of the possible solutions. Bioremediation is a natural and environmentally friendly approach to treat contaminated land and restore it using living organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. This method of treating contaminated land has received attention in the scientific community and with the improved molecular biology techniques, genetic engineering and nanotechnology, improved efficiency is predicted in near future. This topic focuses on the origin, the treatment methods used originally and the futuristic approaches that might be employed for treatment of contaminated land.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Rajput Pushpendra Kumar , Pal Vishant
Published: June 2024

An Overview of Management And Treatment of Breast Cancer is provided in this chapter. With particular focus on the basic cell structure, Causes, sign and symptoms, breast anatomy, types of cancer, diagnosis, treatment and risk factor. Breast Cancer is a prevalent and deadly disease that affects women worldwide. It is a malignant tumor that develops in the breast soft tissue. National Cancer Awareness Day is celebrated on November 7 in India to increase awareness of the condition's importance and promote early detection, treatment, and diagnosis to try and slow down the rapid spread of cancer. Early warning signs of cancer, we might use the phrase CAUTION. there are two types of types of cancer first, A pre-cancer called in situ breast cancer (ductal carcinoma) begins in a milk duct but does not spread to the rest of the breast tissue and Second, any form of breast cancer that has expanded (invaded) into the nearby breast tissue is referred to as invasive (or infiltrating) breast cancer. There are different types of diagnosis techniques of screening breast cancer like mammography, MRI, USG etc. There is many types of treatment or therapy techniques like chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy etc.
INVERSE AGONISM: EXPLORING NEW FRONTIERS IN RECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Shah Dr. Mohammad Irfan , Manzoor Dr. Rusheeba
Published: June 2024

In the field of receptor pharmacology, the interactions between ligands and receptors are crucial for controlling cellular responses and determining therapeutic strategies. While agonists and antagonists have been well studied, researchers have now started focusing on the intriguing and previously unknown phenomenon known as "inverse agonism." As a novel idea, inverse agonism challenges the accepted notions of receptor function and provides new opportunities for drug development. In this article, we examine the subtleties of inverse agonism, as well as its mechanics, ramifications, and prospective application to the development of new drugs and treatment approaches.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATIVE AUTOMATION IN IMMUNO-HAEMATOLOGY
Authors: Bhardwaj Yashika , Shivani Mrs.
Published: June 2024

In order to perform major surgeries including open heart surgery, organ transplants, cancer, and anaemia therapies, as well as other forms of treatments, blood is required. People remain dying in numerous nations due to an insufficient availability of blood products. General paediatricians, surgeons, intensivists, and haematologists/oncologists treat many infants and young children who require blood component transfusions as an essential component of their care. Because blood was utilised so frequently and extensively, it quickly led to new issues like vascular overload. These issues have been treated by component treatment. Many advanced techniques for collection and compatibility testing with recipients have been developed in the field of blood banking practise.
EFFECTS OF OXIDATION AND HYDROLYSIS ON THE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF DRUGS
Authors: Bisht Anjali , Negi Dr. Divya
Published: June 2024

A guide for the chemical stability of drugs to hydrolysis and oxidation is presented. This chapter covers a general discussion on stability, oxidation and hydrolysis. Various functional groups and structural moieties present in drug molecules, which can undergo hydrolysis, and oxidation were discussed. Solid, semisolid and liquid dosage forms are discussed with formulation changes. Major strategies have been explained for the prevention of oxidation and hydrolysis, which have a major role in causing degradation of the pharmaceutical dosage forms.
NUTRITIONAL PSYCHIATRY – ESSENTIAL FOR FOSTERING MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Suhasini U. , Bhavani Dr. B.Ganga
Published: June 2024

Right food is equal to right mood is the notion that we hear. In this chapter how nutrition impact ones mental wellbeing and mental illness were discussed. .Oxidants, which has been demonstrated to have a detrimental influence on mood and mental health, can harm the brain if it isn't fed with a diet that can promote good neurotransmitter function. Many recognized mental health issues, including depression, schizophrenia, dementia, anorexia nervosa, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are strongly influenced by nutrition.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
Authors: Upadhyay Nilesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Global patient healthcare is poised to undergo a transformation thanks to the digitalization of the healthcare industry. Virtual tools from various technologies, such as artificial intelligence, block chain, virtual reality, and augmented reality, to name a few, are offering significant advantages to both patients and the pharmaceutical industry, including bettering real-time diagnoses and treatments as well as improving access to clinicians and medications. The industrial sector has undergone a significant disruptive transformation due to the rise of novel technologies, which is symbolised by the development of industry 4.0. Treatment philosophies have changed in the healthcare industry as a result of virtual technologies. Particularly among physicians, chemists, and patients, there has been a discernible growth in the use of these virtual systems. The adoption of digital health could expedite the creation of customised drugs with superior outcomes.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION
Authors: K Dr. Anupama. , Sood Ms. Yoshita , Vasudha Ms.
Published: June 2024

We have an overview of tools usedutilized for different data collection methods enables the researcher to finddiscover answers to research questions. Data collection is the process of the research. Various data data collection. However, based on the type of data that is usedwill be utilized in the research, it may be difficult for researchers to choose the best type of data collecting. The purpose of this article is to offer a thorough source for data collection tools. Then, based on these categories, possible data collection strategies are described, along with the advantages and disadvantages of doing so. Comparatively to quantitative researchers, qualitative researchers prefer more flexible, less organised data collection methods. In experimental and qualitative research, participants are frequently observed directly; this is less prevalent in so-called survey research, which typically relies on self-report questionnaires. It is crucial that researchers employ resources that are trustworthy and appropriate for the target audience and the task at hand. The manuals for standardised tools include norms and reliability and validity indices. However, you might need to create your own if the characteristics and purposes for which these data are used differ from yours.
SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE PROVISION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nene Sanele E.
Published: June 2024

It is the vision of every country to have sustainable healthcare and to ensure that healthcare provision is not interrupted, irrespective of the calamities the country is facing. Sustainable healthcare and continuous provision of healthcare enable citizens to participate in the businesses of the day, contribute to the development of economy, and live longer. The United Nations and World Health Organisation are guiding the governments across the globe on how their health systems should be to ensure sustainable health and provision of healthcare. This guidance is through the sustainable development goals as discussed in this chapter. The funding of healthcare and future considerations for sustainable health and healthcare provision are also discussed in this chapter.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Sakre Satyabhavana , Dubey Rajni
Published: June 2024

The study of a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) in time is known as pharmacokinetics (PK). Pharmacokinetics, a branch of pharmacology, investigates the dynamic processes that govern the fate of drugs within the human body. This abstract provides a brief overview of essential pharmacokinetic principles and their implications for drug development and therapeutic optimization. The absorption phase involves the entry of drugs into the bloodstream, often influenced by factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and physiological barriers. Distribution explores how drugs are transported to various tissues and organs, influenced by factors like blood flow, tissue binding, and drug lipophilicity. Metabolism, primarily occurring in the liver, transforms drugs into metabolites, affecting their activity and elimination. The elimination phase encompasses both metabolism and excretion, with renal and hepatic clearance playing key roles. Understanding these processes aids in predicting drug concentrations, optimizing dosages, and minimizing toxicity. These models help predict drug behavior, assess bioavailability, and guide dosing regimens in diverse patient populations. Furthermore, the application of pharmacokinetics extends to therapeutic drug monitoring, where individualized dosing is tailored based on patient-specific factors, ensuring optimal efficacy and safety. Pharmacokinetic models, including compartmental and non-compartmental approaches, facilitate quantitative analysis.
HERBAL FORMULATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Khan Mohammed Jaffer Ali , K Hanumanthachar Joshi
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, presents a significant global health challenge. Despite the availability of conventional medications, many individuals seek alternative therapies due to concerns about side effects and the desire for more natural approaches. Herbal formulations have emerged as promising candidates due to their perceived safety and potential efficacy. Various herbal formulations such as Gymnema sylvestre, bitter melon, fenugreek, cinnamon, and ginseng etc, have shown promising results in improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and reducing complications associated with diabetes. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on herbal formulations used for the management of diabetes mellitus, discussing their diverse constituents, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic applications, as well as explores the activities of herbal formulations, exerting their effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and immunomodulatory properties. Herbal formulations show promise as adjunctive therapies for diabetes mellitus. Integrating evidence-based herbal therapies into comprehensive diabetes care may offer personalized and effective approaches to improve glycemic control and reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications. Furthermore, future research efforts should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action, optimizing formulation strategies, and conducting well-designed clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety profiles of herbal formulations in different disease settings. Overall, herbal formulations represent a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in promoting health and combating various ailments, highlighting their importance in integrative and personalized approaches to healthcare.