bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The HMG‐box module in FACT is critical for suppressing epigenetic variegation of heterochromatin in fission yeast
Authors: Takahata Shinya , Taguchi Asahi , Takenaka Ayaka , Mori Miyuki , Chikashige Yuji , Tsutsumi Chihiro , Hiraoka Yasushi , Murakami Yota
Published: June 2024

Chromatin condensation state is the key for retrieving genetic information. High‐mobility group protein (HMG) proteins exhibit DNA‐binding and bending activities, playing an important role in the regulation of chromatin structure. We have shown that nucleosomes tightly packaged into heterochromatin undergo considerable dynamic histone H2A‐H2B maintenance via the direct interaction between HP1/Swi6 and facilitate chromatin transcription (FACT), which is composed of the Spt16/Pob3 heterodimer and Nhp6. In this study, we analyzed the role of Nhp6, an HMG box protein, in the FACT at heterochromatin. Pob3 mutant strains showed derepressed heterochromatin‐dependent gene silencing, whereas Nhp6 mutant strains did not show significant defects in chromatin regulation or gene expression, suggesting that these two modules play different roles in chromatin regulation. We expressed a protein fusing Nhp6 to the C‐terminus of Pob3, which mimics the multicellular FACT component Ssrp1. The chromatin‐binding activity of FACT increased with the number of Nhp6 fused to Pob3, and the heterochromatin formation rate was promoted more strongly. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this promotion of heterochromatinization inhibited the heterochromatic variegation caused by epe1+ disruption. Heterochromatic variegation can be observed in a variety of regulatory steps; however, when it is caused by fluctuations in chromatin arrangement, it can be eliminated through the strong recruitment of the FACT complex.
Managing careers of academics in higher education institutions: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Kozhakhmet Sanat , Moldashev Kairat
Published: June 2024

This research examines the role of input and process‐based approaches in enhancing faculty members' commitment to their research careers in the context of higher education. Specifically, we investigate the mediating effect of research self‐efficacy on the relationship between professional research network and commitment to research career, as well as the moderating effect of career aspiration. Our findings reveal a direct positive link between professional research network and commitment to research career. Moreover, research self‐efficacy is found to mediate the relationship between professional research network and commitment to research career. We also find that career aspiration did not moderate the relationship between research self‐efficacy and commitment to research career. Our study contributes to the literature by providing a more comprehensive understanding of how professional research networks may enhance research self‐efficacy, leading to greater commitment to research careers among faculty members in higher education institutions. Additionally, our research sheds light on the important role of career aspiration as a key factor in shaping the relationship between research self‐efficacy and commitment to research career.
Frenemies: Exploring interfirm credit between an incumbent and a capital‐constrained startup
Authors: Chamnisampan Netnapha , Wu Cheng‐Han
Published: June 2024

Interfirm credit, a financial relationship between two firms, has garnered recent attention due to its potential to aid innovative startups' funding challenges and shape competitive dynamics. We examine a supply chain consisting of an incumbent and a capital‐constrained startup firm. The startup's entry may cannibalize the incumbent's market share. Therefore, we model their interaction as a Stackelberg game, with the incumbent leading. The startup faces funding challenges and can opt for bank financing, interfirm credit, or mixed financing. Under interfirm credit, the incumbent and startup firms engage in financial collaboration, which requires the incumbent to decide on the trade‐off between profit sharing and market erosion. We consider two cases of financial sufficiency: (i) sufficient funds for production that satisfy the loan amount required for the startup firm's production and (ii) limited funds for production that are insufficient for the startup firm's needs and limit the startup firm's production. We find that bank financing is not always beneficial to firms. Specifically, under limited funds for production, when a startup has moderate initial available funds, he will opt for profit sharing with the incumbent and prefer interfirm credit, allowing both firms to achieve a win‐win outcome. However, suppose the incumbent strategically determines the interest rate. In that case, mixed financing becomes advantageous for both firms when the startup firm's initial available funds are high and the loan amount is ample. Finally, when the startup predetermines the loan amount, he will pursue economic funding if his product is competitive.
Comprehensive analysis of same day discharge after atrial fibrillation ablation: Clinical, cost, and patient reported outcomes
Authors: Zenger Brian , Torre Michael , Zhang Yue , Boo Leeming , Jamshidian Farid , Young Jeff , Bunch Thomas J. , Steinberg Benjamin A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Same day discharge (SDD) following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedure has emerged as routine practice, and primarily driven by operator discretion. However, the impacts of SDD on clinical outcomes, healthcare system costs, and patient reported outcomes (PROs) have not been systematically studied.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing routine AF ablation procedures with SDD versus overnight observation (NSDD). After propensity adjustment we compared postprocedure adverse events (AEs), healthcare system costs, and changes in PROs.

Results

We identified 310 cases, with 159 undergoing SDD and 151 staying at least one midnight in the hospital (NSDD). Compared with NSDD, SDD patients were similar age (mean 64 vs. 66, p = 0.3), sex (26% female vs. 27%, p = 0.8), and with lower mean CHADS2‐VA2Sc scores (2.0 vs. 2.7; p < 0.011). The primary outcome of AEs was noninferior in SDD versus NSDD patients (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.21−0.99; noninferiority margin of 10%). There were also no differences in overall cost to the healthcare system between SDD and NSDD (p = 0.11). PROs numerically favored SDD (p = NS for all scores).

Conclusions

Physician selection for SDD appears at least as safe as NSDD with respect to clinical outcomes and SDD is not significantly less costly to the health system. There is a trend towards more favorable, general PROs among SDD patients. Routine SDD should be strongly considered for patients undergoing routine AF ablation procedures.
Psychosocial burden of autoimmune blistering diseases: A comprehensive survey study
Authors: White Marney A. , Hoffman Victoria M. , Yale Marc , Strong Rebecca , Tomayko Mary M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) are severe dermatologic disorders known for their debilitating physical impact. Recent research has reported that AIBDs lead to psychosocial impairment, including depression and anxiety. Missing from the extant literature is an examination of the impact of AIBDs on body image and related psychological constructs.

Objectives

The current study seeks to characterize the psychological and social consequences of AIBD diagnosis, with particular attention to body image dissatisfaction.

Methods

We conducted a survey study of adults with AIBDs. The survey was open from February 2023 to March 2023. Validated self‐report questionnaires assessed depressive symptomatology, body image disturbance and quality of life. Demographic information and self‐reported psychiatric history before and after AIBD diagnosis were collected via self‐report. Participants were 451 adults with AIBDs, recruited through the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation newsletters, email distribution lists and social media.

Results

Participants reported increased incidence of psychiatric disorders following AIBD diagnosis. Participants reported high levels of depressive symptomatology and impairments to quality of life compared to other patient groups. The sample reported extremely high levels of body image disturbance, more so than other patients with disfiguring diseases or injury. Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between body image variables and quality of life, even after controlling for depression.

Conclusions

Current treatment guidelines for AIBDs focus primarily on the management of disease flares and the consequences of immunosuppression, without consideration of the psychosocial consequences of the disease. The current study underscores the need for mental health support for patients with AIBDs.
Validation of a new acoustic telemetry transmitter for the study of predation events in small fishes
Authors: Shorgan Mitchell B. , Reid Heather Bauer , Ivanova Silviya V. , Fisk Aaron T. , Cooke Steven J. , Raby Graham D.
Published: June 2024

Acoustic telemetry has emerged as an important tool for studying the movement and behavior of aquatic animals. Predation‐sensing acoustic transmitters combine the functions of typical acoustic transmitters with the added ability to identify the predation of tagged animals. The objective of this paper was to assess the performance of a newly miniaturized acid‐based predation‐sensing acoustic transmitter (Innovasea V3D; 0.33 g in air). We conducted staged predation events in the laboratory where acoustically tagged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed to largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) at 3.3–7.0, 9.0–10.8, 16.0–20.0, and 22.0–25.8°C. We also conducted false‐positive tests where tagged rainbow trout were held at 10.0 and 16.8°C without the risk of predation. Predation events were successfully identified in 92% of the staged predation trials. Signal lag (i.e., the time required for a predation tag to indicate that predation occurred) ranged from 0.11 to 6.29 days and decreased strongly with increasing water temperature and increased with increasing body mass of the tagged prey. Tag retention in the gut of the predator was much more variable than signal lag and was influenced by water temperature and individual predators but not by prey mass. No false positives were detected after 60 days at either temperature (n = 27 individuals). Although the relationships between water temperature, signal lag, and retention time are likely species‐specific, the data reported here provide useful information for the use of these transmitters to study predation in wild fishes, especially for temperate, freshwater fish.
FoxO1 silencing in Atp7b−/− neural stem cells attenuates high copper‐induced apoptosis via regulation of autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Meixia , Tang Lulu , Yang Wenming , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2024

Wilson disease (WD) is a severely autosomal genetic disorder triggered by dysregulated copper metabolism. Autophagy and apoptosis share common modulators that process cellular death. Emerging evidences suggest that Forkhead Box O1 over‐expression (FoxO1‐OE) aggravates abnormal autophagy and apoptosis to induce neuronal injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate how regulating FoxO1 affects cellular autophagy and apoptosis to attenuate neuronal injury in a well‐established WD cell model, the high concentration copper sulfate (CuSO4, HC)‐triggered Atp7b−/− (Knockout, KO) neural stem cell (NSC) lines. The FoxO1‐OE plasmid, or siRNA‐FoxO1 (siFoxO1) plasmid, or empty vector plasmid was stably transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors into HC‐induced Atp7b−/− NSCs. Toxic effects of excess deposited copper on wild‐type (WT), Atp7b−/− WD mouse hippocampal NSCs were tested by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8). Subsequently, the FoxO1 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) assay, western blot (WB) and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Meanwhile, the cell autophagy and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry (FC), TUNEL staining, 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA), JC‐1, WB, and qRT‐PCR. The current study demonstrated a strong rise in FoxO1 levels in HC‐treated Atp7b−/− NSCs, accompanied with dysregulated autophagy and hyperactive apoptosis. Also, it was observed that cell viability was significantly decreased with the over‐expressed FoxO1 in HC‐treated Atp7b−/− WD model. As intended, silencing FoxO1 effectively inhibited abnormal autophagy in HC‐treated Atp7b−/− NSCs, as depicted by a decline in LC3II/I, Beclin‐1, ATG3, ATG7, ATG13, and ATG16, whereas simultaneously increasing P62. In addition, silencing FoxO1 suppressed apoptosis via diminishing oxidative stress (OS), and mitochondrial dysfunction in HC‐induced Atp7b−/− NSCs. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrate the silencing FoxO1 has the neuroprotective role of suppressing aberrant cellular autophagy and apoptosis, which efficiently attenuates neuronal injury in WD.

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Applying machine learning to construct an association model for lung cancer and environmental hormone high‐risk factors and nursing assessment reconstruction
Authors: Lee Pin‐Chieh , Lin Mong‐Wei , Liao Hsien‐Chi , Lin Chan‐Yi , Liao Pei‐Hung
Published: June 2024

Introduction

To utilize machine learning techniques to develop an association model linking lung cancer and environmental hormones to enhance the understanding of potential lung cancer risk factors and refine current nursing assessments for lung cancer.

Design

This study is exploratory in nature. In Stage 1, data were sourced from a biological database, and machine learning methods, including logistic regression and neural‐like networks, were employed to construct an association model. Results indicate significant associations between lung cancer and blood cadmium, urine cadmium, urine cadmium/creatinine, and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate. In Stage 2, 128 lung adenocarcinoma patients were recruited through convenience sampling, and the model was validated using a questionnaire assessing daily living habits and exposure to environmental hormones.

Results

Analysis reveals correlations between the living habits of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and exposure to blood cadmium, urine cadmium, urine cadmium/creatinine, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, diethyl phthalate, and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Conclusions

According to the World Health Organization's global statistics, lung cancer claims approximately 1.8 million lives annually, with more than 50% of patients having no history of smoking or non‐traditional risk factors. Environmental hormones have garnered significant attention in recent years in pathogen exploration. However, current nursing assessments for lung cancer risk have not incorporated environmental hormone‐related factors. This study proposes reconstructing existing lung cancer nursing assessments with a comprehensive evaluation of lung cancer risks.

Clinical Relevance

The findings underscore the importance of future studies advocating for public screening of environmental hormone toxins to increase the sample size and validate the model externally. The developed association model lays the groundwork for advancing cancer risk nursing assessments.
The establishment and value of peer group clinical supervision: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives
Authors: Doody Owen , O'Donnell Claire , Murphy Louise , Turner James , Markey Kathleen
Published: June 2024

Aims

Explore perspectives of steering group members and external clinical supervision facilitators of developing and establishing peer group clinical supervision.

Background

The climate of healthcare is complex which can lead to staff burnout and challenges to practice. Clinical supervision is suggested as an approach to managing and leadership of such complexities.

Design

Qualitative descriptive.

Methods

Focus group interviews with 19 members of the peer group clinical supervision steering groups and individual interviews with five external clinical supervision facilitators from the Western region of Ireland were conducted. Data analysis followed Elo and Kyngäs' content analysis method, involving preparation, organising and reporting, to extract meaning and identify patterns from the qualitative data collected.

Results

Developing peer group clinical supervision practice requires, clarity of purpose and function that address the pros and cons of clinical supervision. Organisational leadership is required to support and release staff for peer group clinical supervision and peer group clinical supervisors need to be credible and have a level of expertise in practice. When prepared and supported, the aspects of confidence, leadership, personal development and resilience develop.

Conclusion

Peer group clinical supervisors need training and ongoing continual professional development for their role, scope of practice and responsibilities. Sustainability rests on staff awareness and familiarity with the purpose and format of peer group clinical supervision and the regularity of sessions.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Peer group clinical supervision is a means of supporting improvement of patient care delivery while in parallel supporting personal and professional development of staff, building resilience in the workplace.

Impact

This study explored the implementation of peer group clinical supervision for staff across nursing and midwifery disciplines. It found that implementing peer group clinical supervision had a positive impact on staff well‐being and morality and on patient care delivery. These findings influence healthcare service providers in implementing peer group clinical supervision in a sustainable way enabling nurses to continue working in complex healthcare environments delivering safe person‐centred care.

Reporting method

The qualitative reporting guidelines Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed.

Patient or public contribution

Patient/public involvement was addressed in this study by staff, managers, planners, directors, leaders and educationalists being involved at all stages of the study (concept, design, analysis and reporting).
Pluralism and Monotheism: On Apophatic Intolerance
Authors: Haw Christopher A.
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the dangerous yet liberative potentials of so‐called monotheistic intolerance, arguing for its importance in pluralistic politics. Drawing upon the work of political theorist Chantal Mouffe, I examine conventional political notions of inclusivity and show how the metaphysics of “the One True God” has political analogs not merely in despotic, exclusive absolutism but in agonistic pluralism. The metaphysical correlate of pluralism, I argue, is not merely in polytheism but in “apophatic intolerance”—the refusal to lay claim upon the Absolute, the denial of its representation—a subtle mechanics at the heart of monotheism. And yet, ambivalently coinciding with this emancipatory intolerance is a violence‐laden “Mosaic distinction” between true and false religion. The political theology of Egyptologist Jan Assmann helps us interpret such volatile but crucial intolerance for our own democratic and pluralistic context.
Short‐Term Morbidity and Mortality after Distal Femur Open Reduction Internal Fixation in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Vargas Jasmin , Plantz Mark A. , Gerlach Erik B. , Compton Tyler , Dooley Jennings , Welsh Clayton , Butler Bennet
Published: June 2024

Objective

Distal femur fractures remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for elderly patients. There is a lack of large population studies investigating short‐term outcomes after distal femur c in elderly patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of and risk factors for various short‐term outcomes after distal femur open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in the geriatric population.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to identify all primary distal femur ORIF cases in patients 60+ years old between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 27511, 27513, and 27514. Demographic, medical, and surgical variables were extracted for all patients. Propensity score matching was used to match cases in the two age groups based on various demographic and medical comorbidity variables. Several 30‐day outcome measures were compared between the 60–79‐year‐old and 80+‐year‐old groups both before and after matching. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for 30‐day outcome measures in the matched cohort.

Results

A total of 2913 patients were included in the final cohort: 1711 patients in the 60–79‐year‐old group and 1202 patients in the 80+‐year‐old group. Most patients were female (n = 2385; 81.9%). Prior to matching, the older group had a higher incidence of 30‐day mortality (1.9% vs. 6.2%), readmission (3.7% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.024), and non‐home discharge (74.3% vs. 89.5%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the older group had a higher rate of blood loss requiring transfusion (30.9% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and medical complications (10.4% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001), including myocardial infarction (0.7% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (2.7% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.008), and urinary tract infection (4.1% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.0188). After matching, the older group consistently had a higher incidence of mortality, non‐home‐discharge, blood loss requiring transfusion, and myocardial infarction. Various independent risk factors were identified for 30‐day morbidity and mortality, including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI) status, operative duration, and certain medical comorbidities.

Conclusion

Geriatric patients undergoing distal femur ORIF are at significant risk for 30‐day morbidity and mortality. After matching, octogenarians and older patients specifically are at increased risk for mortality, non‐home discharge, and surgical complications compared to patients aged 60–79 years old. Multiple factors, such as BMI status, ASA classification, operative time, and certain medical comorbidities, are independently associated with poor 30‐day outcomes.
Parent's perception of respiratory syncytial virus and subsequent wheezing burden: A multi‐country cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Custovic Adnan , Mestre‐Ferrandiz Jorge , Kragten‐Tabatabaie Leyla , Laurent Julie , Sellem Laury , Koslap‐Petraco Mary , Cadeddu Chiara
Published: June 2024

Background

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. RSV bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing. We aimed to document the parents' perception of the link between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing, wheezing‐related healthcare and family resources use, and its impact on family daily life.

Methods

This cross‐sectional online survey enrolled 1200 parents with at least one child ≤6y living in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, and Italy. Children diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis before age of 2 years were included in the RSV group, and those never diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis in the Reference group.

Results

The odds of wheezing were 4.5‐fold (95%CI 3.5–5.9) higher in the RSV than in the Reference group. The odds increased to 7.7‐fold (95%CI 5.4–11.1) among children who were hospitalized, and 9‐fold (95%CI 5.1–16.6) among those admitted to pediatric intensive care with RSV bronchiolitis. Similar trends were observed across all countries. In total, 57% of parents reported their child's wheezing to have moderate to severe impact on their emotional well‐being, and 53% on their daily life activities and/or social life. 64% of parents reported moderate–severe impact of wheezing on child's quality of sleep and 49% and 46% reported a moderate–severe impact on their children's emotional well‐being and physical activities.

Conclusions

This survey suggests an association between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing in children across different countries. Wheezing, especially in association with RSV infection, was associated with increased healthcare utilization and costs, and significantly impacted parents' and children daily life.
Chloroplast envelope K+/H+ antiporters are involved in cytosol pH regulation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rosales María Pilar , Rubio Lourdes , Pedersen Jesper Torbol , Aranda‐Sicilia María Nieves , Fernández José Antonio , Venema Kees
Published: June 2024

Variations in light intensity induce cytosol pH changes in photosynthetic tissues, providing a possible signal to adjust a variety of biochemical, physiological and developmental processes to the energy status of the cells. It was shown that these pH changes are partially due to the transport of protons in or out of the thylakoid lumen. However, the ion transporters in the chloroplast that transmit these pH changes to the cytosol are not known. KEA1 and KEA2 are K+/H+ antiporters in the chloroplast inner envelope that adjust stromal pH in light‐to‐dark transitions. We previously determined that stromal pH is higher in kea1kea2 mutant cells. In this study, we now show that KEA1 and KEA2 are required to attenuate cytosol pH variations upon sudden light intensity changes in leaf mesophyll cells, showing they are important components of the light‐modulated pH signalling module. The kea1kea2 mutant mesophyll cells also have a considerably less negative membrane potential. Membrane potential is dependent on the activity of the plasma membrane proton ATPase and is regulated by secondary ion transporters, mainly potassium channels in the plasma membrane. We did not find significant differences in the activity of the plasma membrane proton pump but found a strongly increased membrane permeability to protons, especially potassium, of the double mutant plasma membranes. Our results indicate that chloroplast envelope K+/H+ antiporters not only affect chloroplast pH but also have a strong impact on cellular ion homeostasis and energization of the plasma membrane.
Increasing access to LARC removal in pediatrics to support adolescent reproductive justice in the United States
Authors: Hartheimer Joline S. , Allison Bianca A. , Perry Martha F.
Published: June 2024

Background

In the United States (U.S.), adolescents and young adults are increasingly using contraception, including long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) [e.g., subdermal implants (e.g., Nexplanon®) and intrauterine devices (IUDs)]; however, access to LARC device removal may be difficult for adolescents and young adults. Reproductive justice is the right to bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and safely parent the children we have.

Methods

In this commentary, we discuss that while the specialties of family medicine and obstetrics and gynecology have incorporated the principles of reproductive justice into their contraceptive care, further work is needed to ingrain this philosophy into pediatrics training. Since LARC devices are historically only removable by health care providers, pediatricians may act as gatekeepers to removing LARC, obstructing the reproductive justice of adolescents and young adults.

Results

We describe that adolescents and young adults in the U.S. face unique barriers to LARC removal including limited access to the health care system, potential breaches in confidentiality, and provider bias. These barriers may lead adolescents and young adults to remove their own LARC device when experiencing unwanted side effects or desiring pregnancy. While IUD self‐removal is a safe and accessible option, safety and efficacy data on subdermal implant self‐removal is currently limited.

Conclusion

In order to promote reproductive justice in adolescents and young adults, we recommend that (1) pediatricians should address potential barriers to LARC removal prior to insertion, (2) pediatricians must offer unbiased LARC removal, (3) pediatricians who place LARC must be knowledgeable about complicated LARC removal, and (4) pediatricians should discuss LARC self‐removal options with adolescents and young adults.
Genomic full‐length sequence of the novel HLA‐C*06:364 allele
Authors: Yang John Jeongseok , Oh Heung‐Bum
Published: June 2024

HLA‐C*06:364 differs from HLA‐C*06:02:01:01 by a non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 3.
Linguacultural variations in the domain of FOOD
Authors: Alhasnawi Sami
Published: June 2024

As the domain of food is an area wherein the role of the conceptual system as a locus of contact is inevitable, it is argued here for the need for empirical study on the divergent and convergent food and language practices and how they may implicitly or explicitly reflect the sociocultural conceptualizations of the environment in which such linguacultural variations exist. To this end, this article intends to report and reflect on the qualitative textual analysis of selected technologically mediated menus in Iraq. As public culturally written texts that are replete with intersemiotic (or heterolingual) features, menus in this context overall come to implicitly index social groups’ relatively shared cultural cognition as related to the formation processes of their identities and transcultural spaces. This, in turn, textualizes the construction of a transnational discourse to resist any politicized and territorialized spaces of hegemony with respect to nation, language, culture, race and ethnicity in context.
Research on STEM teacher education strategies for primary school in China
Authors: Yao Na , Abd Halim Noor Dayana
Published: June 2024

Over time, the requirements for scientific and technological talent have gradually increased. As a result, STEM education has attracted widespread attention from governments and educators worldwide. Research on STEM education showed that STEM teacher education is one of the critical factors in its development. This paper first analyses the current situation of STEM teacher education in China and other countries through CiteSpace software and finds that there is currently a lack of systematic research on STEM teacher education in China. Then, considering that STEM teacher education majors have not yet been established for primary school teachers in China’s colleges and universities, this paper clarifies the goals of primary school STEM teacher education from three dimensions through the analysis of relevant national policies. Finally, combined with the current curriculum plan for cultivating primary school teachers in China and referring to the STEM teacher education curriculum of the University of Texas at Austin, this paper establishes a core curriculum system for primary school STEM teacher education. Based on these works, we also propose primary school STEM teacher education strategies in three stages: preservice education, induction education, and in-service education.
Racial Tolerance in Educational Environment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yee Tan Yoong , Hassan Zainudin
Published: June 2024

Understanding how racial tolerance develops is essential since it is commonly stated that tolerance is a required quality for the growth of both individuals and society. Tolerance, however, is multidimensional, multifaceted, multiaspect, and situational sensitive. Tolerance definitional issues are complicated, and tolerance measurement techniques in a given study frequently transcend definitional bounds. For these reasons, in order to gather information on racial tolerance in educational environment, this study undertakes a comprehensive literature analysis. In order to report systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the review adapted the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. A summary of thirty-three studies were conducted to investigate racial tolerance in educational environments. The results indicate that the institution, educators, classmates, instructional practices, and educational setting all seem to have an impact on the nature of the relationship between racial tolerance and educational environment.
Online Collaborative Learning Approach for Malay Language Learning and Its Impact on Students’ Achievement/ Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kolaboratif dalam Talian bagi Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu dan Kesannya ke atas Pencapaian Pelajar
Authors: Samri Mohd Zulkarnain , Jumaat Nurul Farhana
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted to examine the effect of an online collaborative learning approach on the achievement of Malay language learners. The design of this study is primarily quantitative in nature, characterized as a pre-experimental study involving a group of participants who underwent pre- and post-tests. The data collection process spanned four weeks, during which a total of 30 students were selected as the study's sample using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through various instruments, including online collaborative-based learning activities, questionnaires, and pre- and post-tests assessing students' achievements in Malay Language writing. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, a normality test, paired sample t-test, and Pearson correlation test, and the analysis was performed using SPSS Version 24.0 software. The findings of the study revealed that students' perceptions of online collaborative learning in Malay language subjects were rated as 'good' (mean = 53.70). Additionally, the study identified a significant difference between the post-test scores and the pre-test scores (t = -16.669, df = 29, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study found a positive relationship between students' perceptions and their test performance (r = 0.182, n = 30, p = .335). In conclusion, this study establishes that the online collaborative learning approach has a positive impact on the achievement of Malay language learners.
Evaluación de posibles daños en el ADN de células de mucosa bucal mediante la prueba de micronúcleos en pacientes pediátricos con aparatología removible
Authors: Vergara Mercado Martha LIgia , Salcedo Arteaga Shirley , Espitia Pérez Lyda Marcela , Hoyos Estrada Luis David , Gómez Montiel Valeria Andrea
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: Los materiales de ortodoncia y ortopedia están hechos de acero inoxidable, con elementos químicos como níquel y cromo, generalmente asociados a efectos alergénicos e hipersensibilidad, expresadas a nivel local. Objetivos: Examinar por la prueba de micronúcleos en células de mucosa bucal, el daño al ADN en pacientes sometidos a ortopedia metálica removible. Métodos: Las muestras recolectadas antes de la adaptación del aparato y después de 30 días obtenidas las células bucales de las mejillas con un cepillo citológico, las placas sumergidas en un coplin con solución Light Green al 0.2 % durante 1 minuto, enjuagadas con agua desionizada o Milli Q para retirar el exceso de colorante y posteriormente dispuestas en una plancha para secado entre 50ºC y 80ºC de 10 a 15 minutos. Resultados: después de 1 mes de tratamiento ortopédico se observó un aumento significativo en la frecuencia de células con micronúcleos, brotes nucleares y cariorrexis. No se observaron cambios ni evidencia de un aumento en células con cromatina condensada. Conclusiones: Las etapas de alteración nuclear que tuvieron lugar en el desarrollo de este estudio fueron frecuencia de MN, brotes nucleares y cariorrexis registrándose mayor frecuencia en la segunda toma de muestra, atribuido a la presencia de aparatología removible en los pacientes. La picnosis, cariolisis y cariorrexis no constituyen etapas de la alteración nuclear, esta ultima la de la mayor tendencia observada en la primera y la segunda toma, encontrándose un aumento significativo en número, atribuido a la presencia de aparatología removible.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Dental Fluorosis in a Group of Brazilian Children
Authors: Madalena Isabela Ribeiro , De Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Barbosa Mariane Carolina Faria , De Lima Daniela Coelho , Torres Carolina Paes , Neves Nahara Gentil , Lopes Célia Maria Condeixa de França , Brancher João Armando , Lepri César Penazzo , Küchler Erika Calvano , Baratto-Filho Flares , Soares Andrea Ribeiro Lips
Published: June 2024

Background: Dental fluorosis (DF) is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. DF phenotype presents different severities, ranging from very mild to severe phenotypes according to the enamel alteration. This dental development alteration is a common disorder worldwide. It is important to understand the prevalence in certain populations as a preventive strategy for the child's aesthetic, functional and psychological impairment. Purpose: to evaluate a prevalence and characteristics of DF in a group of children from Brazil. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-three children, aged 8-11 years, were clinically evaluated according to the DF phenotype. Only erupted permanent teeth were assessed. Results: DF prevalence was 7.6 %. Boys showed a higher prevalence of DF than girls. Very mild DF phenotypes were more common than more severe phenotypes of DF. Conclusion: the prevalence of DF in this Brazilian population of children was low.
Papel de la odontología en el desarrollo ecosostenible en Latinoamérica
Authors: González y Rivas Melania
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: El cambio climático es la variación global del clima en la tierra debido a causas naturales y la contaminación, emisiones de gases y dióxido de carbono. La odontología debe participar activamente para ser ecosostenible. Objetivo: Analizar el papel que debe tener la odontología latinoamericana para promover el desarrollo ecosostenible. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria de la literatura en las bases de PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Google Académico. Los términos de búsqueda fueron: desarrollo sostenible, Latinoamérica, medicina ambiental, responsabilidad ambiental, odontología, salud bucal. Resultados: Se establece primero un marco para el desarrollo sostenible a partir del análisis de tres pilares (medio ambiente, economía y sociedad) y los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible. Segundo, se enfatiza la necesidad de promulgar políticas y reconocer la importancia de este tema por parte de la profesión odontológica y su impacto en el medio ambiente. Tercero, se listan elementos fundamentales para una odontología ecosostenible. Cuarto, se introduce un modelo de buenas prácticas para el consultorio odontológico. Conclusiones: En Latinoamérica, el compromiso de la profesión odontológica es trabajar institucional e individualmente para proporcionar una salud bucodental ecosostenible. En el contexto actual, se requiere del trabajo mancomunado de instituciones públicas y privadas. La odontología debe modificar los factores que sustentan los comportamientos y prácticas actuales. Se deben instaurar acciones concretas hacia la sostenibilidad en la atención de la salud bucal, basándose en la evidencia científica para reducir, reutilizar, reciclar y repensar políticas de atención, gestión de residuos, logística de distribución, educación, investigación y producción de materiales ecosostenibles.
Relación entre la posición del cóndilo mandibular y el patrón de desgaste dental en personas con diagnóstico clínico de bruxismo del sueño
Authors: Casalins Rolong Ivonne , Barrera Chaparro Judith Patricia , Bonilla Karen Julieth , Hernández Vargas Sofía
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: El bruxismo del sueño (BS) es una actividad oromandibular con rechinamiento y apretamiento dental y una actividad muscular masticatoria. Genera disfunción temporomandibular (DTM), desgaste y movilidad dental, así como otros hallazgos clínicos. Es importante analizar la oclusión y la ATM para determinar cómo se afecta por la carga biomecánica generada por el bruxismo. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la posición condilar de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) utilizando tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico (TCHC) con los patrones de desgaste dental determinados con el BruxChecker®, en sujetos con diagnóstico clínico de BS. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en 45 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de bruxismo del sueño, según los criterios de diagnóstico del bruxismo de la AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine),  con edad promedio de 34,9 ± 8,6. Se analizaron las TCHC, midiendo los espacios de la ATM en el plano sagital: anterior, superior y posterior (SA,SS,SP) y en el plano coronal: lateral, superior y medial  (CL,CS,CM). Se clasificó el patrón de desgaste dental con el BruxChecker® dividiendo los sujetos en: Grupo 1, patrón canino (PC) con 19 sujetos y Grupo 2, patrón molar (PM) con 26 sujetos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las medidas de los espacios articulares de cada grupo ni en la comparación entre los patrones PC vs PM. La posición sagital del cóndilo posterior/anterior (P/A) fue posterior y la coronal medial/lateral (M/L) fue medial para los dos grupos, al evaluar las ratios. Se encontró diferencia significativa (P<0,00) en los patrones PC y PM del lado derecho, al estimar la diferencia entre promedios de espacios medial y lateral. Conclusiones: La posición del cóndilo se encontró posterior y medial en la fosa articular, en los patrones PC derecho y PM izquierdo. Se evidenció una posición condilar lateral derecha significativa, en los patrones PC y PM. Estos hallazgos indican una posición condilar alterada en los sujetos con bruxismo, que se puede asociar con un desplazamiento del cóndilo dentro de la fosa articular, generada posiblemente por los movimientos excéntricos mandibulares constantes durante la actividad de bruxismo.
Simultaneous Audio Recording and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Nudell Yoav , Gomez Juliana , Vaynblat Elizabeth F. , Hagiwara Mari , Glickman Robert S.
Published: June 2024

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder is a complex disease requiring multimodal treatment and often a delayed diagnosis. Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneously recording joint sounds while obtaining 3-tesla cine-magnetic resonance imaging (3T cine-MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A secondary objective pertains to optimization of a dynamic TMJ imaging protocol to maximize image quality and speed while maintaining synchronicity. Methods: Investigators enrolled four subjects (August 2018 to August 2019) eliciting audible joint sounds during continuous open-close jaw movements during clinical evaluation at the New York University College of Dentistry. A contact fiber-optic microphone (OptiRhythm 4130, Optoacoustics, Yehuda Israel) was utilized to record joint sounds elicited with functional movements during MR dynamic imaging at NYU Langone Health and all data was recorded appropriately.  Results: Results of this feasibility study demonstrate the successful integration of audio and 3-Tesla MR imaging for the TMJ in all subjects. This protocol was shown to be well-tolerated by the subjects. A precise correlation of the movement of TMJ structures within cine-MRI images and with audible observations was achieved and assessed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon and an experienced radiologist. Conclusion: This protocol for simultaneous audio/cine-MRI is a viable tool for studying TMJ health and disease. In future studies, we anticipate this protocol will ultimately refine our understanding of TMJ sounds and their relation to anatomy, physiology, and pathology. In addition, we hope to establish a diagnostic aid to guide surgical and non-surgical decision-making more precisely.
Bacterial and corrosion resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene-silver composite coatings by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Li Haiwen , He Zhiwen , Wu Wei , Zheng Long , Xu Qingfang , Gao Tenghua , Zhang Song , Dai Honglian , Goto Takashi , Tu Rong
Published: June 2024

Titanium alloy and stainless steel implants have been widely applied in orthopedics. However, harmful ions released from implant corrosion caused by human body fluids and bacterial infections may inhibit patients’ recovery. In this work, a polytetrafluoroethylene-silver composite coating was prepared by RF unbalanced magnetron sputtering to improve the bacterial and corrosion resistance of the SS316L. The removal rates of the composite coatings for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 97.27% and 99.99%, respectively. The contact angle of 131.5° and fluorescence staining experiments show that the composite coating has an antiadhesive effect on bacteria and less cytotoxicity against osteoblasts. The corrosion voltage of the composite coating was much higher than that of the control SS316L substrate, and the corrosion current density was reduced to 1/3, implying the enhancement of the corrosion resistance of the SS316L substrate.
Peripheral expression of brain-penetrant progranulin rescues pathologies in mouse models of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Reich Marvin , Simon Matthew J. , Polke Beate , Paris Iñaki , Werner Georg , Schrader Christian , Spieth Lena , Davis Sonnet S. , Robinson Sophie , de Melo Gabrielly Lunkes , Schlaphoff Lennart , Buschmann Katrin , Berghoff Stefan , Logan Todd , Nuscher Brigitte , de Weerd Lis , Edbauer Dieter , Simons Mikael , Suh Jung H. , Sandmann Thomas , Kariolis Mihalis S. , DeVos Sarah L. , Lewcock Joseph W. , Paquet Dominik , Capell Anja , Di Paolo Gilbert , Haass Christian
Published: June 2024

Progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency is a major risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology (FTLD-
GRN
). Multiple therapeutic strategies are in clinical development to restore PGRN in the CNS, including gene therapy. However, a limitation of current gene therapy approaches aimed to alleviate FTLD-associated pathologies may be their inefficient brain exposure and biodistribution. We therefore developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting the liver (L) to achieve sustained peripheral expression of a transferrin receptor (TfR) binding, brain-penetrant (b) PGRN variant [AAV(L):bPGRN] in two mouse models of FTLD-
GRN
, namely,
Grn
knockout and
GrnxTmem106b
double knockout mice. This therapeutic strategy avoids potential safety and biodistribution issues of CNS-administered AAVs and maintains sustained concentrations of PGRN in the brain after a single dose. AAV(L):bPGRN treatment reduced several FTLD-
GRN
–associated pathologies including severe motor function deficits, aberrant TDP-43 phosphorylation, dysfunctional protein degradation, lipid metabolism, gliosis, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The potential translatability of our findings was tested in an in vitro model using cocultured human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)–derived microglia lacking PGRN and TMEM106B and wild-type hiPSC-derived neurons. As in mice, aberrant TDP-43, lysosomal dysfunction, and neuronal loss were ameliorated after treatment with exogenous TfR-binding protein transport vehicle fused to PGRN (PTV:PGRN). Together, our studies suggest that peripherally administered brain-penetrant PGRN replacement strategies ameliorate FTLD-
GRN
relevant phenotypes including TDP-43 pathology, neurodegeneration, and behavioral deficits. Our data provide preclinical proof of concept for the use of this AAV platform for treatment of FTLD-
GRN
and potentially other CNS disorders.