bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permanencia y transiciones en la planificación y la crisis hídrica en la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Momm Sandra , Travassos Luciana , Ramalho Paula , Zioni Silvana
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se aborda el tema de la planificación y gestión del agua, para lo cual se adopta como caso de estudio la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo. El fenómeno climático en el cual se centra el análisis es la escasez de precipitaciones y crisis de abastecimiento de agua en los años 2014 y 2015. Para este fin se elaboró un marco teórico-metodológico que orientó el análisis documental y las entrevistas respecto de los impactos de dicho evento en lo que se denomina cultura y sistema de planificación. Como conclusiones, se tiene que eventos extremos que generan situaciones de riesgo y desastres podrían representar una oportunidad para alterar y repensar las formas de desarrollo, sin embargo, pese a algunos avances, la respuesta a las crisis ha mantenido el modelo de planificación de las políticas territoriales y del agua, sin constituirse en una transición para un modelo más sustentable y capaz de reducir vulnerabilidades.
Sobre el estudio del paisaje en el Área Metropolitana de Concepción (AMC)
Authors: Mancilla Diana , Vivallos Carlos
Published: December 2020

Título libro: Atlas. Fragmentos del paisaje. Concepción. Autoras: Grace Mallea & Carolina Rojas Edición: Concepción: Dostercios, 2019. 96 pp. ISBN 978-956-09018-3-5
Intervención urbana y desarrollo turístico: propuesta de un modelo de análisis en Centros Históricos
Authors: Reyes-Aguilar Ana , Rosas-Ferrusca Francisco , Pérez-Ramírez Carlos , Calderón-Maya Juan
Published: December 2020

Con el modelo neoliberal se han intensificado las transformaciones en los Centros Históricos (CH), hoy sujetos a procesos de renovación y desarrollo comercial y turístico que han generado diversas problemáticas, dejando de lado la importancia y significado social de la ciudad. La investigación propone un modelo para el análisis de la intervención urbana y desarrollo turístico en CH a través de la política urbana, con la finalidad de identificar su incidencia en la dinámica urbana actual. Para ello se realizó un análisis crítico del acervo bibliográfico de diversas revistas científicas y otros documentos relevantes sobre aspectos teórico-metodológicos de intervención urbana, turismo y CH. Se concluye que la incursión de la política neoliberal en el ámbito urbano dio lugar a una nueva forma de construir las ciudades, generando su mercantilización mediante el embellecimiento de la ciudad y la acumulación del capital a partir de proyectos de renovación urbana orientados a la actividad turística.
Principios constitucionales nucleares del derecho penal y matices característicos del derecho administrativo sancionador
Authors: Gómez Tomillo Manuel
Published: December 2020

El trabajo analiza los principios constitucionales originalmente propios del derecho penal y que son susceptibles de ser aplicados también al derecho administrativo sancionador “con matices”. A tal efecto, se parte de lo que debe entenderse por tales principios y del alcance de los matices. Luego, se examina cuáles no son susceptibles de ser matizados al ser consustanciales con el Estado de derecho e independientes del hecho de que quien sanciona es la Administración (esencialmente los principios materiales). Por último, se hace una exposición de aquellos, sobre todo procesales, que en la fase administrativa sí permiten ser matizados. El trabajo rechaza en general que el derecho administrativo sancionador conlleve necesariamente una disminución de garantías, subrayando que, en ocasiones, tales garantías han de ser incluso superiores
El derecho real de conservación: Un mecanismo de pago por servicios ambientales
Authors: García García Sara
Published: December 2020

La figura de la conservation easement ha surgido en el ámbito anglosajón como un mecanismo jurídico nuevo y efectivo de conservación de la naturaleza basado en servicios ambientales. En este trabajo se analiza el derecho real de conservación, su versión latinoamericana, debido al interés que está despertando y a la eficacia en la protección del medio ambiente que, según parecen demostrar experiencias concretas, proporciona esta figura. El objetivo es analizar si en verdad estamos ante un nuevo derecho real, basado además en el moderno concepto de los servicios ambientales, o si materialmente su naturaleza es otra y, por tanto, requiere un tratamiento jurídico adaptado.
DIREITO À ASSISTÊNCIA RELIGIOSA E SEUS USOS EM PRISÕES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Lidyane Maria
Published: January 2021

Después de un breve histórico de los aspectos legales de la asistencia religiosa en las cárceles brasileñas y la presentación de datos sobre las afiliaciones religiosas de las personas presas, este artículo identifica, a través del análisis cultural del derecho a la asistencia religiosa y de la investigación bibliográfica, como instituciones penales, personas presas y asistentes religiosos hacen uso de este derecho. Se concluye que los usos van más allá del objetivo de la predicción normativa que es la asistencia religiosa.
LA ATENCIÓN RELIGIOSA EN LAS CÁRCELES DE URUGUAY. ACONTECIMIENTO Y DESAFÍO
Authors: González Merlano Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Dentro de la centenaria tradición laicista del Uruguay, la cooperación entre el Estado y la religión no se ha hecho efectivo en el ámbito estatal, no obstante su existencia como principio constitucional. Esa ausencia de lo religioso, que el Estado ha favorecido, contribuye a que el derecho humano fundamental a la libertad religiosa no sea una realidad para quienes se encuentran en situaciones que les impide acceder a la atención espiritual. El presente trabajo trae una novedad excepcional, que refiere al Protocolo de la vida y atención religiosa en las cárceles, que el gobierno nacional aprobó tiempo atrás. En este ámbito se ha concretizado la cooperación entre la religión y el Estado, la igualdad de los distintos grupos religiosos en una auténtica laicidad y el respeto a la libertad religiosa. Esta singular apertura a lo religioso constituye un verdadero desafío para que la libertad religiosa pueda ser realidad también en otros ámbitos.
LA LIBERTAD RELIGIOSA Y DE CULTOS EN COLOMBIA DESDE LA LEY 133 DE 1994, DESARROLLO CONSTITUCIONAL Y JURISPRUDENCIAL PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS CREENCIAS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Fraume Restrepo Constanza , Jurado OCampo Juan David
Published: January 2021

El derecho a la libertad religiosa y de conciencia emerge con fuerza en las últimas décadas en los ordenamientos constitucionales y legales de las sociedades democráticas como la colombiana. Actualmente toma gran vigor el tema de los fundamentalismos religiosos en el mundo y ascenso de muchos grupos religiosos en la actividad política, sobre todo en América Latina, sin dejar de reconocer que se constituyen en actores sociales y muy relevantes y cuestionados desde numerosos frentes. La libertad religiosa y de cultos en Colombia; ha tenido un desarrollo histórico, constitucional y legal; y su evolución jurisprudencial a partir de sentencias de la corte Constitucional entre 1991 – 2015. Teniendo en cuenta la influencia e implicaciones del derecho interamericano e internacional de los derechos humanos. El objeto de abordar la evolución constitucional del derecho de la libertad religiosa en Colombia, permite realizar análisis histórico crítico de la evolución de dicho derecho y sus implicaciones en la sociedad.
Comparative Evaluation of Root Dentin Microhardness after using Different Standard Irrigating Solutions and Stevia Leaf Extract- An In vitro Study
Authors: Shah Avani Paresh , Mahaparale Rushikesh , Mangala TM , Saraf Adish Anand , Mali Sneha , Pawar Sagar , Chauhan Urmila , Dsouza Vincia
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Success in endodontic therapy largely depends on mechanical and chemical debridement of the root canals by using instruments and effective irrigating solutions which are not only important for cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, but also, are capable of altering the chemical and structural properties of dentin. As the microhardness test is sensitive to surface changes of tooth structure, it is useful in making a correlation between irrigating solutions and root dentin microhardness. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different standard irrigating solutions at standard concentrations and Stevia leaf extract (2.5%) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: This is an in-vitro comparative study where forty intact single rooted teeth were selected and decoronated to get an apico-coronal length of 10 mm and were randomly divided into four groups as per the irrigant used; Group 1 (control): Irrigation with Normal saline, Group 2: Irrigation with 2.5% Sodium Hypochloride (NaOCl) followed by 17% EDTA, Group 3: Irrigation with 2.5% Stevia extract solution, Group 4: Irrigation with SmearClear solution. They were prepared using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files with intermittent irrigation with the respective irrigating solution. The teeth were then embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to Vicker’s Hardness test and the data obtained were analysed using one way ANOVA test. p<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: At 500 microns, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) value was less than at 1000 micron, but was not statistically significant, (p>0.05). Between the groups, the control group showed the highest microhardness at 500 and 1000 microns, namely, 51.27±4.36 VHN and 53.60±5.12 VHN, respectively. Group 3 and 4 showed a comparable reduction in microhardness with Group 3 showing slightly better results (47.98±4.34 VHN and 48.89±5.26 VHN, respectively) as compared to Group 4 (47.36±5.50 VHN and 48.62±5.84 VHN, respectively). Group 2 showed the least value (36.60±5.71 VHN and 37.11±5.82 VHN, respectively). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, teeth irrigated with normal saline showed least reduction in microhardness followed by irrigation with Stevia leaf extract solution, SmearClear and Hypochlorite followed by EDTA.
Effect of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on the Temporomandibular Joint and Occlusion in Children and Young Adolescents: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rishitha Sajja , Reddy J Sharada , Suhasini K , Hemachandrika I , Tarasingh P , Hasanuddin Shaik
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic rheumatic disease, with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 children under the age of 16 years. The clinical symptoms include inflammation of joints, swelling of synovial membrane resulting in growth disturbances and loss of bone density. Aim: To assess the effect of JIA on the development of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and occlusion in children and young adolescents in the age group of 8-16 years and to evaluate the effect of TMJ arthritis on the growth of maxilla and mandible. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a study and control group. A total of 44 children with JIA attending the Department of Rheumatology, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), within the age group of 8-16 years were screened and enrolled in study from May-July 2014. A gender and sex-matched healthy control group were enrolled from Paediatric Dentistry outpatient specialty. For the measurement and comparison of arch perimeters of mandible and maxilla, the JIA and control group were divided into sub-groups 1 (8-10 y), 2 (11-13 y), and 3 (14-16 y). All the parameters were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. An Independent sample t-test was used to find a significant difference for maxillary and mandibular arch perimeters among both the groups. Chi-square test was used to know the difference for TMJ parameters, occlusion and occlusal abnormalities. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results: Children in the JIA group had reported TMJ pain on movement (40.9%), clicking sounds (36.4%), and dislocation (22.7%). Angle’s class II malocclusion was seen in 36.4% compared to the control group (4.5%). The mean arch perimeter of the mandible was significantly less among JIA children in subgroups 2 (73.00±3.03 mm), and 3 (71.77±6.27 mm) when compared to healthy controls. Other occlusal abnormalities such as increased overjet (34.1%), decreased overbite (31.8%), and crowding (54.5%) were reported in significant percentages compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The mean arch perimeter of the mandible in the JIA group is less when compared to children of the same age in the control group. There is increased predilection of developing Angle’s class II Malocclusion in the JIA group. From a paediatric dentist perspective, it’s important to understand the overall impact of JIA on stomatognathic system, and an early intervention is recommended.
Graphic Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Droplets: Why Respirators should be used in Dental Healthcare Settings?
Authors: Souza Fábio Barbosa , Lundgren Rafael Bastos , Sobrinho Carlos Roberto Weber , Gusmão Gustavo Neves
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Knowledge about the morphological characteristics of facial masks/respirators and their relationship with the possibility of interaction with respiratory droplets in the COVID-19 pandemic is fundamental in dental healthcare settings. Aim: This study evaluated interfibrillar gaps of cloth mask, surgical mask and Filtering Face Piece 2 (FFP 2) respirator through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to perform a graphic simulation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) respiratory droplets in the gaps among mask fibres. Materials and Methods: A fragment (1 cm2) of the cloth mask were used to perform a SEM analysis. The distance among fibres was determined by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). Graphic simulation of droplets with different sizes (0.5 μm; 5.7 μm; 12 μm) was performed by an image editing program (Adobe Illustrator). Results: The image analysis showed that average distance among the fibres was 67.91 μm (cloth mask), 11.72 μm (surgical mask), 11.97 μm (respirator FFP2). Superimposition of masks layers resulted in no gaps between FFP2 fibres. Surgical mask exhibited openings between fibres in 1.43% of the studied total area. The cloth mask showed large gaps, in which it would be possible to transpose more than 680 million droplets (5.75 μm). Conclusion: FFP2 respirator showed no spaces among fibres after superimposition of structural layers, which would promote the blockage of the graphic simulation of SARS-CoV-2 droplets.
СКРЫТЫЙ ОКЕАН ЦЕРЕРЫ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: АНАНЬЕВА Владислава Игоревна
Published: December 2020

Анализ данных, собранных автоматической межпланетной станцией Dawn (NASA) во время расширенной миссии, показал, что в недрах Цереры скрыт соленый океан, который и по сей день не замерз полностью.
Pterygium Excision with Suture- Free, Glue- Free Limbal Conjunctival Autograft By Cut And Paste Method – A Prospective Interventional Hospital Based Study
Authors: Choudhary Arathi , Hamsa Dyamenahali S. , Jayashree Menashinkai P. , Raksha Halmuthur V. , Ramanna Divya
Published: December 2020

Aim:

To evaluate and analyze the surgical outcome of limbal conjunctival autograft by cut and paste method after pterygium excision.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective, interventional, hospital based study. 65 eyes of 65 patients with primary pterygium were graded, and excision with free limbal conjunctival autograft (LCAG) was performed by the single surgeon allowing natural autologous coagulum of the recipient bed to act as a bio adhesive. The outcomes were assessed in terms of operative time, postoperative pain, any recurrence, and complication(s) at post operative day 1 and at each follow-up visit at day 7, 30, 120 and 180.

Results:

There were 34 males (52.3%) and 31 females (47.7%). The mean age of all the patients was 43.48 ± 12.128 years, ranging between 23 to 76 years. Cosmetic blemish was the chief indication of surgery (48 eyes, 73.8%). Mean graft size was 14.4mm2. No recurrence occurred. Graft related complications occurred in 5 eyes (7.6%); graft displacement in 3 eyes, cystic degeneration in 1 eye and sub-conjunctival haemorrhage in 1 eye. The average surgical time was 16.91 ± 2.972 minutes. Post operative pain was less which was graded on Visual analogue scale.

Conclusion:

The- surgical technique of using a suture-free and glue-free conjunctivo-limbal autograft is safe and cost-effective method, with less operative time and post operative pain, without adding possible potential hazard of the surgical adjunct.
Comparison of Angiography Performance of Low-cost portable Fundus camera with standard FFA camera – Validation Study
Authors: Singh Deependra Vikram , Mathur Gaurav , Bhardwaj Rishi , Sharma Ajay
Published: December 2020

Study Design:

In an observational cross-sectional study, 91 eyes of 46 consecutive patients underwent simultaneous Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) for common retinal disorders. The FFA images captured by both cameras were graded by 3 Retinologists (DVS, GM, RB) in a structured format. 7 characteristics of FFA images that were used for grading were Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) visualization, identifying branch retinal vein, Identification of any abnormal hyper fluorescence at macula, Identification of Micro aneurysms, Identification of capillary non perfusion areas and identification of leakage from retinal neovascularization, Image quality and Impact on Clinical decision. Results were captured and statistically analyzed for interobserver and intercamera agreements.

Results:

Out of total 7 features in FFA images graded by 3 Retinologists, 4 characteristics were found to have statistically significant intercamera agreement for 3 retinologists. These were Identification of any abnormal hyper fluorescence at macula, Identification of Micro aneurysms, Identification of capillary non perfusion areas and identification of leakage from retinal neovascularization. These 4 characteristics also had very good agreement between 3 retinologists.

Conclusion:

Based on this pilot study, we can conclude that the Fluorescein Angiography performance of this low-cost portable Fundus camera for detecting clinically relevant findings was comparable to a standard Fundus camera. We conclude that in resource limited settings, this low-cost portable Fundus camera can be a useful alternative to standard Fundus camera for treating common retinal disorders..
Tilapia Hatchery Techniques (Oreochromis niloticus) at the Local Fish Seed Center, Singgamanik, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Bangun Jefry Yoris , Junianto .
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted for two weeks starting from 26 October 2020 to 9 November 2020 at Singgamanik local fish seed center, Karo regency, North Sumatra province. The Singgamanik Local Fish Seed Center is located in a wet area with a tropical climate. Therefore, this study aims to determine the technicalities of tilapia hatchery at the Singgamanik Local Fish Seed Center (LFSC). The Singgamanik Local Fish Seed Center (LFSC) has water sources that come from river water, rainwater, and ground water. The area of the Singgamanik Fish Seed Center is 1.5 hectares, consisting of 48 pond plots and one Singgamanik Fish Seed Center office building, 1 hall building, and 1 mesh building. Primary data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and active participation, while secondary data were obtained from the literature. The Singgamanik Local Fish Seed Center (BBI) was established in 1980 in Singgamanik Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Tilapia in Indonesia is an economically important fish in the world because of its easy cultivation method, good taste, relatively affordable prices, and a wide tolerance to the environment.
Extraction of Ethanol from Nypa fruticans (Nipa) Palm Fruit
Authors: Lim Karina Milagros R. Cui- , Brensis Judy Ann H. , Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Bangco Marlon John M. , Castillo Maria Rosabel , Pulga Hannah G. , Cruz Mark Gil M. , Erivera Jaymar L. , Chiquito Feraldine M. , Abobo Tom Jericho L. , Madario Mary Jane , Ultra Cherry I.
Published: January 2021

Northern Samar is abundant when it comes to nipa resource which has a big potential as a raw material for ethanol. Utilization of nipa in Northern Samar is not optimal due to low interest and ability to process into useful products. The main aim of the study is to extract ethanol from nipa fruit to control the shortage of ethyl alcohol in the province. Fermentation was carried out after collection, washing, and cutting of nipa fruit through mixing 15 g of baker’s yeast to convert the sugar into alcohol for 12 days. Then, the distillation process followed to remove the excess water from the alcohol. Lastly, purification was done by adding lime (Calcium oxide) into the distillate in order to obtain ethanol. Result showed that the presence of ethanol was not observed after the 24 hours of fermentation since nipa fruit takes longer time to yield concentrated ethanol. But after 72 hours after fermentation it showed positive result from Iodoform test, Ester test, Litmus test, and Flammability test. It was concluded that nipa palm fruit could be a viable source of ethanol as compared to other plant-producing ethanol.
Exploring the Psychosocial Wellbeing of Adolescents at Children’s Homes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunanayake Danesh , Rathnayake M. G. H. B. D. , Vimukthi N. D. U.
Published: January 2021

Psychosocial wellbeing is essential for children’s survival and development. Children’s homes provide temporary care to children until they can return to their families or a long-term alternative living arrangement is achieved. The number of children entering the children’s homes is increasing rapidly. They have to face lots of challenges in their life.  The purpose of this study was to find out their psychosocial wellbeing. The sample of six participants was selected through the convenience sampling method from two children’s homes. They were between the ages of 12 to 18 years. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Research findings indicated that living in children’s homes has been entirely different from living in a family. They have sufficient basic facilities such as food, clothing, medical care, educational facilities, and other sanitation facilities. Although children were meeting their physical needs at the children’s homes their psychosocial requirements remained more or less unaddressed. Most of the children reported that their life in the children's homes was not happy. Accordingly, they experienced one or more psychosocial problems that influenced their psychosocial wellbeing.
Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease among Libyan Children: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Mahmmed Rugea , Alhagamhmad Moftah , Goobae Naema , Shaki Abdelhamid , Masood Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of Congenital heart disease (CHD) in Al-Mugref Teaching Hospital in the North Eastern part of Libya.

Patients and Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study involved pediatric patients aged from day 1 until age of 15 years who were referred to the Cardiology department at Almugref Teaching Hospital for suspected CHD. Data were collected over a period of one year and all the recruited patients were subjected to a full cardiovascular system (CVS) examination and 2D Echocardiography (ECHO).

Results and Conclusions: Out of the 719 total referred cases, 332 (46.1%) were confirmed having underlying CHD with predominant a cyanotic type 307 (92.5%). In terms of gender predominance, male to female ratio was 1.1: 1(176 vs. 156). Frequency of CHD in order frequency was as follow: Atrial septal defect (ASD) 134; 40.4%, Ventricular septal defect ( VSD) 102; 30.8%, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 31; 9.3%, Pulmonary stenosis (PS)15; 4.5%, Atrioventricular (AV) canal defects 12; 3.6%, Aortic stenosis (AS)11; 3.3%, Tetraology of fallot (TOF) 9; 2.7%, Transposition of great arteries (TGA) 4; 1.2%, complex CHD (4; 1.2%), Rhabdomyoma (3;0.9%),  total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage ( 3; 0.9%), Truncus arteriosus (TA) 2; 0.6%, Pulmonary atresia (PA)1; 0.3%, Co-arctation of aorta (COA) 1; 0.3%. In terms of the outcome, majority of the patients in a cyanotic group were advised for scheduled follow-ups (240; 78.18%), and almost a quarter had their heart defects being closed spontaneously in the initial visits (53; 17.26%). Further, eleven patients have undergone a surgical closure (3.58%) and three patients died early (0.9%). In contrast, almost a third of the cyanotic group died shortly after the diagnosis was made (8; 32%), and seven patients were successfully operated (28%); whereas ten cases offered a close monitoring with frequent follow ups (40%).
Soil Test Based Micro-Nutrient Application and Its Profitability in Pulse Production: A Micro-Evaluation Study of Bhoochetana Scheme
Authors: Sagar . , Sharif Mahin , Khan Murtuza
Published: January 2021

‘Bhoochethana’ (Bhoo= soil; Chethana =rejuvenation) scheme was launched by the Government of Karnataka in the year 2009 in technical collaboration with ICRISAT to enhance the yield level of major dry land crops by adopting integrated crop management (ICM) practices.  The primary strategy of Bhoochetana is soil test based nutrient management with a major thrust on micronutrients and bio-fertilizers. In this study, the cost and returns, resource use efficiency and functional analysis of redgram production among the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Bhoochetana scheme have been reported. The study has been conducted in the Kalaburagi District of Karnataka State which is an economically backward region with large part of the area is under dry land and redgram is the predominant crop. The study found that cost of cultivation of redgram among beneficiaries was marginally higher than non- beneficiaries. But, beneficiaries harvested additional redgram and their returns were also higher. The ratio of MVP to MFC (Resource use efficiency) was also higher among the beneficiaries compared to non-beneficiaries. A significant positive co-efficient of dummy variable indicate that the Bhoochetana beneficiaries realised higher redgram production by 0.38 quintals per farm. Hence, the schemes like Bhoochetana are highly beneficial for the dry-land farmers when they are implemented and monitored efficiently.
Nematoregulatory Effect in Industrial Banana Plantations of Service Plants, Crotalaria retusa, Cajanus cajan, Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum in Fallow Land in the South Comoé Region of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gnénakan Yeo , Martial Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean- , Henri N’Guessan Patrick , Sorho Fatogoma , Daouda Koné
Published: January 2021

Aims: In the context of promoting alternative cropping systems with less chemical inputs, studies on the introduction of service plants to reduce pesticide use are a major research effort. The pest caused by plant parasitic nematodes is a major constraint in banana cultivation. One of the main alternatives to the use of chemical nematicides is the rational use of service plants with nematoregulatory properties in crop rotation.

Study Design: The experiment was carried out following Complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: In industrial banana plantations located in the town of Ayamé, 40 km from the town of Aboisso in the forest area of southeast Côte d’Ivoire, between March to October 2016.

Methodology: Among the candidate species, Crotalaria retusa, cajanus cajanus, Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum were evaluated because of their nematoregulatory ability, promoting better sanitation of banana plots infested with nematodes. The experiment tested the behaviour of four service plant species in the field over a period of 8 months during a banana fallow (Musa spp.) populated by nematodes (Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Meloidogyne spp.).

Results: The results obtained showed that all the service plants used had a purifying effect on nematodes except Cajanus cajan. Soil and root analyses of host plants show the nematoregulatory action of Crotalaria retusa, Cajanus cajan, Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum by reducing the number of nematodes after 8 months of fallow. Fallows of poacea are the ones that reduce the most Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus coffeae rates. A reduction in the length of fallow time was also noted.

Conclusion: This research has made it possible to improve the management of banana fallow land. This will ultimately help to define, under Côte d'Ivoire environmental conditions, a permanent living cover in association and/or rotation with the banana tree, in order to sustainably improve banana cultivation.
Modelling Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission Rate in Nigeria Using an Exponentiated Exponential Inverse Exponential Distribution
Authors: Asongo Abraham Iorkaa , Eraikhuemen Innocent Boyle , Umar Adamu Abubakar , Ieren Terna Godfrey
Published: January 2021

The act of adding extra parameters into existing distributions for increasing their flexibility or performance is a giant stride in the area of statistical theory and applications. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that leads to a progressive deterioration of the immune system. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a problem in Nigeria where its rate has been on an increase over the past few years. The Exponentiation family is one of the most efficient methods proposed and studied for introducing skewness and flexibility into continuous probability distributions with a single shape parameter. In this paper, the method of exponentiation has been used to add flexibility to the exponential inverse exponential distribution which results to a new continuous model known as “Exponentiated Exponential Inverse Exponential distribution”. The properties, application and estimation of parameters of the new distribution using the method of maximum likelihood estimation are presented and discussed in this paper. The new model has been applied to a dataset on the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the result is being compared among the fitted distributions using some information criteria.
Low Plasma Iron Levels Associated to Drug Treatment in Polymedicated Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Lozano R. , Frutos A. , Apesteguía A. , Martinez A , Franco M. E. , Alcazar M. A.
Published: January 2021

Aim: To identify the drug class and/or duration of treatments causing hyposideremia.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacy, Aragón Health Services Services Hospital Real de Nuestra Señora de Gracia, between January 2019 and December 2019.

Methodology: The records of prescripted medicines of all patients admitted to Internal Medicine  service, for various indications, along a 1-year period (2019), which were  ultimately analized according to association with hyposideremia.

Results: It was identified several drugs associated with low plasma iron levels: acetylcysteine and apixaban, which would increase the risk of hyposideremia. On the contrary, we found that allopurinol, duloxetine and simvastatin would protect against the appearance of hyposideremia.

Conclusion: Acetylcysteine and apixaban, alone or in combination with different pathologies, would be capable of inducing, and on dependence of the duration of treatment and/or of the concomitant pathology, hyposideremia, iron deficiency and, in certain cases, anemia constituting a major health problem.
Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals in Selected Sea Foods Directly from the Creeks in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Elekima Ibioku , Edookue Raphael B. , Pepple Nengi F. , Aworu Aminayanate M. , Chioma Adline E. Ben-
Published: January 2021

To assess and compare the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, in common seafoods (mudskippers, periwinkle and Shrimp) consumed in Rivers state obtained from different creeks of Rivers State Nigeria.

Study Design: Commonly consumed seafoods in Rivers State: Periopthalmus barbarous (mudskipper), Pandalus borealis (shrimp) and Tympanotonus fucatus (periwinkle) were collected at 5 different occasions from each of the study location (creek): Eagle Island, Iwofe, Bodo and Borokiri creeks in Rivers State. Eagle Island and Iwofe creeks are in Obio/Apkor and Degema LGA respectively, Borokiri Creek is in Port Harcourt LGA while Bodo creek is located in Gokana LGA.

Study Area: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University between the periods of June, 2018 – March, 2019. Samples of seafoods were collected from Bodo, Eagle Island, Borokiri and Iwofe creeks of Rivers State for 5 times at interval of 30 days between the periods of June, 2018 – October, 2018 during the wet season.

Methodology: Periopthalmus barbarous, Pandalus borealis, and Tympanotonus fucatus were collected from Eagle Island, Iwofe, Bodo and Borokiri creeks. The samples were correctly labeled, dried in an oven at 80°C, ground to powdered form then sieved to attain homogenous particles. Each sample was weighed, recorded and the concentrations of metals in the samples were determined. Two (2) grams each of the ground samples were weighed and put into a beaker with 6mls of nitric acid (HNO3) which was added as oxidizing acid to break the sample matrix and 2ml of perchloric acid as a reagent with 2 mls of de-ionized water was added to blend it. The sample was place on a heating mantle at 105°C until the sample volume reduced to two third of its original volume, the sample color clear and turns yellowish and its entire component was digested. The concentration of HMs: lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the digested seafood samples were analysed using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of HMs from the sample were determined from the absorbance calibration in parts per million (ppm) or mg/kg dw.

Results: The bio-concentration mercury and arsenic in the selected seafoods from the creeks were below the World Health Organization permissible limits while levels of cadmium and lead in the seafoods in the order of periwinkle>mudskipper>shrimp collected from these creeks were above the FAO/WHO permissible limits of 0.5 1.0 mg/kg dw and 2.0 mg/kg dw respectively.

Conclusion: Mudskipper, periwinkle and shrimp were observed to bio-accumulate HMs beyond FAO/WHO permissible limits. Toxicities of these HMs in humans could induce several clinical derangements and eventually death if drastic measures are not put in place to stop or limit these anthropogenic activities.
Piscicidal and Prophylaxis Potentials of Neem (Azadirachta indica L) Extract in Yolk Fry of African Catfish, (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Oyebola Oyediran Olusegun , Adebayo Josephine Oluseyi , Oshinowo Adegboyega Justino
Published: January 2021

The study aimed to investigate the lethal range and suitable concentration of Neem leaf extract for prophylaxis use in early life stage of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by discovering safe dosage, capable of ensuring improved fry survival in the presence of virulent microbial pathogens.

Powdered Neem leaf weight 465.00±0.50 g was soaked in ethanol for 72 hours using standard laboratory procedure for metabolite extraction. Extract was freeze-dried through sublimation process. Freeze-dried extracts were characterised for presence and quantity (mg/g) of 12 antimicrobial related metabolites. 100 each of day-old yolk-fry Clarias gariepinus were immersed in each of 0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 45 mg/L, and 50 mg/L freeze-dried extracts, and in each of pre-LC50 Neem concentrations plus 1 x 10-4 Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 19750) inoculum in 24 hours; to respectively determine toxicity range (LC50 and LC100) and survival during prophylaxis.

Neem leaf yielded 2.94±0.55% freeze-dried extracts. Qualitatively, 58.33% of tested phytochemicals/metabolites were negative, while Saponin, Tannin, Alkaloid, Flavonoid, and Phenol, representing 41.66%tests were positive. Metabolites’ quantity ranged 3.13±0.13mg/g(Phenol) - 14.97±0.15 mg/g(Tannin). Fry in 0-15 mg/L extract did not reach LC50 in 24 hours. LC50 occurred in 20-35 mg/L at 21-23 hours and 40-50 mg/L at 17-18 hours, LC100 occurred in 40-50 mg/L at 19-23  hour. 0%neem+fry had 100.0±0.0% survival in 24 hours. Survival ranged 0.0±0.0 (16-24 hours) - 100.0±0.0%(4-8hours) in 0neem+Fry+Aeromonas; 0.0±0.0(20-24hours) – 100.0±0.0 (4-8 hours) in 5 mg/L neem+Fry+Aeromonas; 0.0±0.0 (20-24 hours) – 100.0±0.0 (4-8 hours) in 10 mg/L neem+Fry+Aeromonas and 30.0±5.5 (24 hours) - 100.0±0.0 (4-8 hours) in 15 mg/L neem+Fry+Aeromonas.

Neem extract contain antimicrobial related metabolites, which is toxic to at least half C. gariepinus yolk fry population at >15mg/L concentrations. Fry survival in virulent A. hydrophila laden rearing medium was slightly improved at 15mg/L concentration.
Antifungal Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Crude Extracts and Fractions against Strain1161, P37005 and RM1000
Authors: Owoyale A. D. M. , Galadimma M. , Daniyan S. Y. , Adabara N.
Published: January 2021

This research study was focused in determining antifungal activities of the crude extracts and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161, P37005 and RM1000. Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted by the reflux extraction protocol which was done in a successive method. This study also analysed quantitatively the phytochemical that were present in the crude leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina. The study identified the presence of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin and phenols. The three strains used in this study were tested for their susceptibility, However, activity of the crude extract was assayed at a varying concentration of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml. The methanol leaf extract (MLE) at a concentration of 100mg/ml showed the highest zones of inhibition 15.33± 1.23 mm against strain 1161(isolate S5). The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration showed for active crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml presented for the n- hexane crude extract against strain 1161(IsolateS5). The value for the methanol crude extract were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml against strain 1161 (Isolate: S5). Furthermore, the value of 12.5 mg/ml and 100mg/ml were showed for n- hexane crude extract against P37005 (isolate: B4) However, The antifungal activity of the fractions against the strains were determined at a concentrations of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml. The various fractions of Vernonia amygdalina showed inhibitory activity against all the strains.16.00± 0.0mm was the highest value that was presented for n-hexane fraction of Vernonia amygalina against strain 1161 and P37005. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for active fractions (F1) are 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml showed for n- hexane fraction of Vernonia amygdalina against strain P37005(Isolate:B4). The value of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were showed for n- hexane fraction (F4) of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161 (isolate: S5). Fraction (F4) showed 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). The methanol fraction (F1) showed values of 3.125 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively against strain RM1000(isolate B2). Fraction F6 had values of 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). It can be deduced from this study that the n- hexane and methanol crude extracts showed a significant result than the ethyl acetate crude extracts. Furthermore, there was inhibitory activity for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions against all the tested strains.
SUBGRID NUMERICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMI AND STORM SURGE INUNDATION IN A COASTAL URBAN SETTING
Authors: Zhang Zhongduo , Fukui Nobuki , Chida Yu , Kennedy Andrew , Mori Nobuhito , Yasuda Tomohiro , Copp Andrew , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: January 2021

An experiment using a physical model of a coastal city was conducted to simulate tsunami and storm surge conditions which may lead to city inundation. The results of the physical experiment were compared with those from a subgrid numerical model based on the shallow water equation using the topography of the physical experiment obtained from LIDAR scanning. The experiment aims to provide a better understanding on the variation of tsunami or storm surge inundation level at different locations of the city due to the ground elevation, building arrangement, and shielding effects. The result from this experiment will serve to increase the accuracy of coastal numerical models and revise the current hazard maps and evacuation plans.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/k4v5EotRpfg
DEVELOPING AGENT-BASED TSUNAMI EVACUATION MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN AND CAR EVACUEES
Authors: Takabatake Tomoyuki , Fujisawa Kota , Esteban Miguel , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: January 2021

Appropriate evacuation strategies play an important role in saving lives during tsunamis. Evacuation by vehicle is generally not recommended, as it would induce severe congestion on roads. Nevertheless, it could be helpful for vulnerable people (e.g. the disabled, elderly, or infants) who live in an area which a tsunami would reach immediately after an earthquake, and cannot walk fast. Despite this, to date there are few simulation tools that can accurately reproduce the evacuation behavior of both pedestrians and vehicles as well as the tsunami inundation process. To help disaster risk managers with this problem, the authors newly developed an agent-based tsunami evacuation model that can consider both tsunami wave hydrodynamics and the behavior of both of these types of agents (i.e. vehicles and people) during evacuation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ZurujpEE0hY
PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING FOR DRIFT OBJECTS DUE TO TSUNAMI INUNDATION IN COASTAL URBAN AREA
Authors: Chida Yu , Mori Nobuhito , Fukui Nobuki , Yasuda Tomohiro , Yamamoto Takashi , Kennedy Andrew , Zhang Zhongduo , Copp Andrew
Published: January 2021

Off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, many ships, containers, cars, and wooden debris of collapsed houses were drifted by a huge tsunami. Their drift objects prevented the rapid elimination of obstacles and debris on land and sea. In addition, in areas where tsunami-fire occurred, accumulated wooden debris caused the large-scale fire spread. Generally, when assuming tsunami damages in urban areas, the inundation depth and arrival time of tsunami are mostly used. In order to enhance the tsunami damage assumptions in urban areas, to understand the characteristic of tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects in urban areas is also important. However, it is very difficult to measure the state of actual tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects by tsunami flow. This study aims to understand the characteristics of drift objects behavior in an urban area through a series of experiments in a laboratory flume. This study also validates numerical simulation model by comparing with the experimental results.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/09KWpiVSbmU
NUMERICAL STUDY ON MOVEMENT OF TSUNAMI BOULDER AND STORM BOULDER BY SPH METHOD
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Yasuda Tomohiro
Published: January 2021

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is known as very useful method for large deformation problems, such as movement of wave absorbing blocks and sliding of caisson breakwater. Also, in the coastal area, boulders launched by tsunami and by high waves with typhoons (named tsunami boulders and storm boulders) are focused on because of risk assessment towards the tsunami or super typhoons. However, the difference of their movement mechanism have been rarely investigated in detail. This study aims to simulate the movement of the tsunami boulders and storm boulders, comparing with the hydraulic experiment, and evaluating the transport characteristics. Wave elevation and boulder displacement were reproduced in the numerical wave flume well compared to physical model. Also, there is difference between solitary and irregular waves when waves act on boulders.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/WOfXbU7m_8E
A MODIFIED LINEAR SUPERPOSITION METHOD FOR THE INTERACTION OF TIDE AND STORM SURGE
Authors: Bender Chris , Resio Don , Kauppila Ashley
Published: January 2021

Many previous methods of including tidal contributions in statistical estimates of coastal storm surges have used models that couple storm surges with tides at a small number of randomly sampled phases. Applying a small number of samples can introduce substantial aleatory uncertainty into the total water levels in areas where tide ranges are of comparable magnitude to the storm surges, such as much of the East Coast of the United States. The standard deviation of the uncertainty is related to the standard deviation of the tides (sigma_tides) by inverse of the square root of the number of tide samples. The authors applied a data set (provided to FEMA) consisting of 30 historical extra-tropical storms, each run at 4 tide phases (chosen such that two approximately coincided with high tide and two with low tide). The analysis examined tide-only, surge-only and tide coupled to surge model results at 34 stations located by the authors to cover the spatial extent of the study area and to include both open coast and sheltered inland waterways.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/__kfqH2i78E
WAVE GENERATION DUE TO DEBRIS FLOW INTO A SMALL AREA OF WATER
Authors: Kakinoki Tetsuya , Tsujimoto Gozo , Hosoyamada Tokuzo , Sakai Daiki , Uno Kohji
Published: January 2021

It is known that the tsunami is generated by the debris flow due to slope collapse into the sea. The huge waves may cause damage to coastal structures and residents. Because of heavy rain in northern parts of Kyushu Island, Japan, in July 2017, many reservoirs were damaged and were destroyed. It has been reported that the huge waves may have been caused by debris flow due to the heavy rain. Many laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of the landslide-generated tsunami into the sea have been carried out to clarify the process of wave generation. However, there are a few studies of wave generation by debris flow into a small area of water such as a reservoir. In this study, model experiments of debris flow were conducted in a two-dimensional flume and numerical models based on the depth-averaged shallow water equations have been per-formed in order to clarify the hydraulic characteristics of the waves.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/r6r72KtkvL4
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE EFFICIENT SIMULATION OF MULTIPLE LANDSLIDE-TSUNAMI SCENARIOS
Authors: Iorio Verdiana , Bellotti Giorgio , Cecioni Claudia , Grilli Stephan
Published: January 2021

Submarine landslides can pose serious tsunami hazard to coastal communities, occurring frequently near the coast itself. The properties of the tsunami and the consequent inundation depend on many factors, such as the geometry, the rheology and the kinematic of the landslide and the local bathymetry. However, when evaluating the risk related to landslide tsunamis, it is very difficult to accurately predict all of the above mentioned parameters. It is therefore useful to carry out many simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, with reference to different landslide scenarios, in order to deal with such uncertainties (see for example the probabilistic approach by Grilli et al. 2009). Accurate computations of landslide tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, however, is computationally expensive, thus limiting the possible maximum number of scenarios. To partially overcome this difficulty, in the present research, a numerical model is proposed that can efficiently compute a large number of tsunami simulations triggered by different landslides. The main goal is to provide a numerical tool that can be used in a Monte Carlo approach framework. Following the study by Ward (2001), we propose a methodology taking advantage of the linear superposition of elementary tsunami solutions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/uYOvdsutmBw