bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRESENTASI SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI KIDUNG CISADANE KARYA RINI INTAMA (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Pebrian Dian
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKPuisi-Puisi karya Rini Intama yang dikumpulkan dalam buku kumpulan puisi Kidung Cisadane merepresentasikan sejarah dan budaya di Tangerang. Estetika bahasa membungkus makna sejarah dan budaya Tangerang yang patut untuk diinterpretasikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui (1) latar belakang penyair yang mempengaruhi terhadap terciptanya kumpulan puisi Kidung Cisadane karya Rini Intama. (2) representasi sejarah dan budaya cina benteng yang ingin disampaikan dalam kumpulan puisi Kidung Cisadane karya Rini Intama. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu kajian sosiologi, sehingga teori yang digunakan adalah sosiologi sastra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek kajian penelitian ini adalah buku kumpulan puisi Kidung Cisadane karya Rini Intama. Teknik analisis data untuk menganalisis puisi yang mengandung aspek sejarah dan budaya Cina Benteng adalah dengan (1) membaca, (2) mendeskrispikan latar belakang terhadap terciptanya kumpulan puisi, (3) menandai bagian-bagian tertentu yang diasumsikan mengandung unsur sejarah dan budaya Cina Benteng. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penggambaran sejarah cina yang berkaitan dengan beberapa klenteng di Tangerang. Budaya yang terdapat dalam kumpulan puisi Kidung Cisadane berkaitan dengan budaya-budaya cina yang berkembang di Tangerang.Kata Kunci : Puisi, Sejarah ,Budaya, Cina Benteng, Sosiologi Sastra
PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP TATA KRAMA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI REVITALISASI PEMBIASAAN TEMBANG DOLANAN
Authors: Retnoningsih Diyah Ayu
Published: September 2020

Interaksi seseorang dalam berkomunikasi merupakan salah satu pencitraan dari karakternya, karena sikap dan bahasa yang digunakan akan menentukan apakah seseorang memiliki tata krama yang baik atau buruk. Faktor-faktor pembiasaan berbahasa jawa krama anak di usia Sekolah Dasar untuk memahami dan menggunakan bahasa jawa sangat menentukan tercapainya tujuan pengembangan bahasa itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan meningkatkan kualitas pemahaman dan penggunaan bahasa, sastra, dan aksara Jawa sebagai sarana komunikasi dan ekspresi budaya melalui lirik tembang dolanan yang menyiratkan bentuk makna kebersamaan, tanggung jawab dan nilai-nilai sosial. Tembang dolanan digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pembiasaan melalui tembang dolanan yang berjudul Wajibe Dadi Murid, Menthok-Menthok, dan Suwe Ora Jamu. Pada lirik tembang dolanan tersebut selain mengajarkan sikap tata krama, diajarkan pula mengenai pembelajaran kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Kunci: Pembiasaan, Tata krama, Tembang Dolanan
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERITA PENDEK
Authors: Hamsanah Fitriani Hamdah Siti , Hudhana Winda Dwi , Sanyoto Dhipa Erlangga
Published: September 2020

Keterampilan menulis puisi dianggap sebagai keterampilan paling sulit. Oleh karena, pengarang harus memadaptkan bahasa dalam menulis puisi. Media sosial dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran menulis puisi. Melalui media sosial, siswa dapat meningkatkan imajinasi dan inovasinya dalam mencipatakan puisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media sosial dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa siswa kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Penelitian ini digunakan pada siswa kelas X SMAN Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Tangerang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan angket. Hasil penelitian yaitu rata-rata hasil pretest menulis puisi di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Tangerang melalui media sosial yaitu 69,3 dan postets 77,6. Hasil perhitungan angket guru yaitu 92% dan siswa 88% maka dikategorikan sangat efektif.Kata Kunci      : Media Sosial, Menulis Puisi
MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA LITERASI KARYA SASTRA MELALUI LITERASI DIGITAL DI ERA MILENIAL
Authors: Muthoharoh Muthoharoh , Prastyaningsih Hasti
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih menawarkan berbagai macam sajian informasi. Masuknya teknologi internet juga menjadikan media informasi semakin beragam. Media internet menjadikan masyarakat konsumtif terhadap berbagai hal, salat satunya media sosial. Hal tersebut membuka peluang bagi oknum yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk menyebarkan berita-berita hoax. Maka, diperlukan keterlitian bagi masyarakat dalam menyaring informasi. Oleh karena itu, gerakan literasi digital diperlukan dalam memupuk budaya literasi. Kegiatan literasi digital diharapkan dipupuk sejak dini dengan memberikan literasi digital karya sastra kepada anak-anak. Para orang tua diharapkan mampu memanfaatkan karya sastra digital dalam mengajarkan budaya literasi digital. Maka, masyarakat akan tumbuh menjadi masyarakat yang kritis dan kaya pengetahuan. Kata Kunci: Karya Sastra, Literasi Digital
ANALISIS KESALAHAN EJAAN PADA MAKALAH MAHASISWA PRODI TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH TANGERANG
Authors: Hayati Asfitri
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan ejaan pada makalah mahasiswa prodi teknik mesin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, ditemukan beberapa kesalahan bentuk Kesalahan ejaan pada tugas makalah mahasiswa terletak pada (1) kesalahan pemakaian huruf kapital ditemukan sebanyak 31, (2) kesalahan terletak pada ketidakbakuan pilihan kata ditemukan sebanyak 37, (3) kesalahan terletak pada ketidaktepatan pilihan kata ditemukian sebanyak 52, (4) kesalahan terletak pada pemakaian tanda baca ditemukan sebanyak 43. Pada penulisan tanda baca, terdapat 43 kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca, meliputi 35 kesalahan tanda baca titik (.), 8 kesalahan tanda baca titik dua (:). Kesalahan terbesar yaitu terletak pada Ketidaktepatan Pemilihan kata yang berjumlah 32 % tingkat frekuensi 0,96 dari total kesalahan. Kesalahan terletak pada pemakaian huruf kapital sebesar 19 % frekuensi 0,62, kesalahan terletak pada ketidakbakuan pilihan kata sebesar 23% tingkat frekuensi 0,74, dan kesalahan terletak pada pemakaian tanda baca sebesar 26% tingkat frekuensi 0,86. Kata kunci: kesalahan ejaan, makalah, mahasiswa.
FILM DAN NOVEL DEAR NATHAN KARYA ERIK FEBRIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SASTRA BANDINGAN
Authors: Wiharja Irpa Anggriani , Al Gardi Hendri Hendriyan
Published: September 2020

Film dan Novel Dear Nahtan Karya Erik Febriani dalam Perspektif Sastra Bandingan. Tidak semua isi novel dapat terungkap dalam film yang ditayangkan, sehingga terkadang dapat menimbulkan kekecewaan pada penonton yang merasa tidak sesuainya isi novel dengan film yang ditayangkan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan  skenario film Dear Nathan dengan novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca febriani, berupa plot, penokohan dan latar yang akan dianalisis melalui perspektif sastra bandingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sastra bandingan. Teknik pengadaan data yang digunakan adalah teknik baca, menyimak dan mencatat dari hasil penelitian sumber data utama skenario, film dan novel Dear Nathan. Sedangkan data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perbandingan plot antara skenario film Dear Nathan dengan novel Dear Nathan, keduanya menggunakan alur yang sama yaitu pembukaan, klimaks dan penyelesaian. Juga keduanya menggunakan alur sorot balik pada saat klimaks. Sedangkan perbandingan penokohan antara skenario film Dear Nathan dengan novel Dear Nathan memiliki perbedaan dan persamaan. Persamaannya adalah keduanya menguraikan penokohan pada setiap tokoh dengan karakter yang sama antara film dengan novel. Namun, perbedaannya adalah tokoh yang muncul dalam film dan novel berbeda, ada tokoh yang ditambahkan ataupun dihilangkan. Sedangkan untuk latar yang disampaikan dalam skeanrio film Dear Nathan dengan novel Dear Nathan, keduanya menggunakan latar tempat dan waktu. Mengenai latar tempat pada skenario film Dear Nathan, terdapat beberapa tempat yang tidak ada dalam novel Dear Nathan. Kata kunci: Film, novel, perbandingan unsur pembangun.
KOMPARASI HAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Lani Sah
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Al-Quran sebagai sumber hukum Islam memberikan penghargaan yang tinggi terhadap hak asasi manusia. Dalam hadits Nabi SAW bersabda dalam khutbah haji Wada: Sesungguhnya darah kalian, harta-harta kalian, dan kehormatan-kehormatan kalian itu haram/mulia-dilindungi atas kalian seperti haramnya/mulianya-dilindunginya hari kalian ini di bulan kalian ini di negeri kalian ini. (Shahih Al-Bukhari no 105, dan Shahih Muslim no 1218). Piagam Madinah terdiri dari 47 pasal. Prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia dalamPiagam Madinah adalah: 1), interaksi secara baik dengan sesama, baik pemeluk islam maupun non muslim. 2), saling membantu dalam menghadapi musuh bersama. 3), membela mereka yang teraniaya. 4), saling menasehati. Kelima 5), menghormati kebebasan beragama. Hal ini dilakukan demi nilai tertinggi yang dapat digapai oleh manusia yang menopangdirinya kepada tingginya peradaban.
METODE PEMBENTUKAN ESQ ANAK DALAM KELUARGA MENURUT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Basyit Abdul
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Tujuan pendidikan dalam keluarga tiada lain agar anak mampu berkembang secara maksimal, baik jasmani, akal, maupun ruhaninya. Terdapat beberapa metode yang dapat diterapkan oleh keluarga untuk memaksimalkan potensi keluarga untuk membentuk multikecerdasan (ESQ) anak. Dalam pelaksanaan proses pendidikan anak, metode yang diterapkan haruslah bervariasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan, situasi, kondisi, tempat, dan waktusi anak. Metode yang dimaksud terdiri dari 1) Metode pembelajaran komunikatif, 2) Metode keteladanan, 3) Metode pembiasaan, 4) Metode pembelajaran langsung, dan 5) metode penghargaan dan hukuman.Kata Kunci: Pembentukan ESQ, Keluarga, Pendidikan Islam.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH KELUARGA DALAM UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN ESQ ANAK
Authors: Kamal Hikmat
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Orang tua sangat berperan dan mereka diminta tanggung jawab, komitmen, dan konsistensinya dalam pendidikan anak orang tua dan lingkungan keluarga harus mampu menciptakan lingkungan yang dapat menjamin berkembangnya seluruh potensi dan kemampuan seorang anak. Langkah-langkah keluarga dalam pembenukan esq adalah:(1)langkah-langkah persiapan melalui pembinaan lingkungan Islami;(2) langkahlangkahpelaksanaan pendidikan anak pra-natal (masih dalam kandungan); (3)langkahlangkah pelaksanaan pendidikan anak setelah lahir pra-remaja; (4)langkah pendampingan di masa anak sudah menginjak dewasa. Kata Kunci: Keluarga, Pembentukan ESQ anak
KEDUDUKAN DAN PERAN GURU DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Kamal Hikmat
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dikuasai guru tidak hanya terbatas pada pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan tugas profesional, tetapi juga tugas kemasyarakatan maupun tugas kemanusiaan. Dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional pasal 27 ayat 3 ada tiga peranan guru yaitu:1) sebagai pengajar; 2) sebagai pembimbing; 3) sebagai administrator kelas. Peran dan kedudukan guru menyampaikan risalah kenabian kepada umat manusia, yang pada hakekatnya mengemban misi rahmatan li al ‘alamin, yakni suatu misi yang mengajak umat manusia untuk tunduk dan beribadah kepada Allah SWT.
PENDEKATAN HUMANISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Halimi Muhammad Fathi
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Humanisme, secara sederhana adalah suatu sikap yang konsisten dalam membela kelangsungan dan keberadaan hidup manusia agar manusia tidak tenggelam dalam kehancuran atau kebinasaan. Humanisme dalam perspektif pendidikan islam adalah pendidikan yang memanusiakan manusia sesuai dengan tugas manusia sebagai khalifah di muka bumi. Dengan memberikan ruang kepada peserta didik untuk berkembang sesuai dengan potensi yang mereka miliki. Pendidikan yang mengarah kepada pengkajian yang komprehenshif baik ilmu pengetahuan agama maupun umumKata kunci: Pendekatan, Humanisme dan Islam.
DASAR DAN KONSEP MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Fauzi Achmad
Published: September 2020

Dasar dan Konsep Manajemen Pendidikan Perspektif Al-Qur’an adalah Konsep manajemen yang berorientasi pada; 1) Fleksibel, Manajemen dikatakan fleksibel apabila manajemen itu dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan berbagai situasi dan kondisi. 2) Efektif-efisien, Suatu manajemen pendidikan dikatakan efektif-efisien jika mempunyai ciri:Tujuan yang jelas, Mengkreasikan alternatif-alternatif, Mengoptimalkan sumber-sumber pendidikan, Memperoleh hasil pendidikan, Meningkatkan keuntungan pendidikan. 3) Terbuka, terbuka kesempatan kepada semua pihak, terutama staf untuk mengembangkan diri sesuai dengan kemampuannya baik dalam jabatan maupun bidang lainnya. 4) kooperatif dan partisipatif, diperlukan adanya manajer yang handal yang mampu membuat perencanaan yang baik, mengorganisir, menggerakkan dan melakukan kontrol serta tahu kekuatan (strength), kelemahan (weakness), kesempatan peluang (opportunity) dan ancaman (theat) hendaknya sesuai maka orang yang diberi amanat untuk memenaj lembaga pendidikan Islam sesuai dengan ajaran al-Qur’an. Kata Kunci: Dasar, Konsep, Menajemen, al-Qur’an
METODE PEMBELAJARAN CLASS DISCUSSION DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SPEAKING (BAHASA INGGRIS) TERHADAP MAHASISWA/PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Hamsah Tis’ah J. Anhar Rabi
Published: September 2020

Abstrak:Keterbatasan wadah untuk mengeksplorasi speaking skill bagi seseorang yang mau mengasah keahliannya dalam bidang speaking (berbicara) menggunakan bahasa Inggris sangat mempengaruhi proses tebentuknya pembiasaan tersebut jika tidak adanya wadah untuk melatih diri. Dalam hal ini class discussion sangat berfungsi untuk menunjang keahlian speaking seseorang guna mencapai kualitas yang lebih baik. Kata kunci : Class Discussion, Kualitas, Speaking.
METODE BUZZ GROUP DISCUSSION DENGAN PERMAINAN ROLET MEMBENTUK KEMAMPUAN KERJASAMA DAN KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Zahara Syifana , Dhien N Cut , Zaharah Zaharah , Arif M
Published: September 2020

AbstrakMetode buzz group discussion dengan permainan rolet adalah metode pembelajaran diskusi yang dikombinasikan dengan media pembelaran rolet bertujuan untuk melatih siswa dalam berdiskusi, bertukar pendapat dengan teman sekelompoknya, mengemukakan ide-ide terkait materi diskusi dan membuat pembelajaran menjadi aktif dan menyenangkan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi Eksperimen terdiri dari kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen yang ditentukan berdasarkan purposive sampling yaitu berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Kelas VIII-2 sebagai kelas eksperimen mendapat perlakuan metode buzz group discussion dengan permainan rolet dan kelas VIII-1 tidak mendapat perlakuan metode buzz group discussion dengan permainan rolet. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan tes. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode buzz group discussion dengan permainan rolet berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan kerjasama dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Islam Al-Hikmah.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI TASAWUF DALAM POLITIK PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI
Authors: Suhaeni Eni
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPolitik, sebuah kata yang di dalamnya sarat dengan makna kekerasan, manipulasi dan agitasi. Sebaliknya Tasawuf bermakna bersih, suci, santun, penuh damai dan jauh dari manipulasi. Dua terminologi ini akan terhubung dalam konteks implementasi politik atau penyelenggaran kekuasaan negara. Tasawuf salah satu jalan (tarekat) untuk memandu proses aktivitas politik dengan tujuan menciptakan tatanan masyarakat yang adil, damai dan sejahtera. Maka dimensi maha penting dari penjinakkan kekkerasan politik adalah dengan mengimplementasikan ajaran Tasawuf ke dalam aktivitas politik dalam segala aspeknya.
PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM JAMAN KLASIK (di Masa Rasulullah SAW dan Era Kekhalifahan)
Authors: Mubin Ali
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPola pendidikan Islam pada masa Rasulullah, khulafaur-rasyidin (Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Usman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Thalib), Bani Umayyah dan Bani Abbasiyah, yaitu pendidikan yang bermuatan nilai ruhiyah dan bersumber dari wahyu. Dalam tulisan ini pula memperlihatkan bahwa Islam telah melakukan reformasi yang sangat penting dalam perubahan peradaban manusia. Perubahan tersebut antara lain sistem kehidupan jahiliyah sudah berganti menjadi sistem kehidupan masyarakat Islam yang beradab dan berakhlak. Masyarakat dunia mempunyai peradaban dan kebudayaan yang sangat tinggi setelah mereka mengambil Islam sebagai way of life dalam sistem kehidupan mereka. Proses terjadinya reformasi yang menyebabkan kemajuan tersebut tidak pernah lepas dari usaha keras dalam bidang pendidikan Islam yang berorientasi ke depan. Salah satu usaha tersebut adalah berlangsungnya proses pendidikan yang sangat baik yang pernah dilakukan dan ditanamkan oleh Rasulullah, khulafaurrasyidin, bani Umayyah dan bani Abasiyah.
PERAN MEDIA TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN PADA KEGIATAN BELAJAR MENGAJAR DI TENGAH PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Zahara Zahara , Sina Ibnu
Published: September 2020

AbstrackSaat ini masyarakat dunia digemparkan oleh terjadinya wabah Coronavirus yang berasal dari kota Wuhan, China yang terjadi di bulan November 2019 tahun lalu. Corona virus ini sangat berbahaya karena sampai saat ini belum ditemukan obat atau vaksin penanggulangannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana peran teknologi pendidikan pada aktivitas kegiatan belajar mengajar selama masa karantina akibat dari virus corona ini yang selama ini proses belajar mengajar diadakan di sekolah atau kelas dengan mengunakan keterbatasan media teknologi tetapi dengan adanya pendemi covid-19, KBM dipindahkan di rumah secara E-Learning dengan mengunakan beberapa aplikasi dan berbagai alat technologi, pengajaran seperti smartphone, komputer dan notebook. Dampak yang disebabkan oleh virus corona ini menyangkut semua aspek dalam kehidupan masyarakat . Kajian ini dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan melihat hasil-hasil survei dan studi literatur, journal dan document beberapa media cetak maupun elektronik serta buku yang berhubungan dengan pengajaran dan sosial masyrakat, sosiologi dan antropologi. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini menunjukkan adanya langkah pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan kepada masyarakat untuk tidak beraktivitas apapun diluar rumah, semua pekerjaan dilaksanakan dari rumah, termasuk kegiatan belajar dan mengajar (KBM.
PELAKSANAAN TUGAS GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI BELAJAR KELOMPOK
Authors: Anwar Khoirul
Published: September 2020

Abstract: The main problem in this research is how a teacher can improve student achievement. There are many ways to improve student achievement, including group study. Group learning here is learning carried out by more than one person in group learning. By learning groups of students can work together and exchange ideas between one student and another. so that students who are weak will be helped by students who have more advantages in learning. Student learning achievement is the result achieved by students after carrying out teaching and learning activities. In teaching and learning activities, there are many methods used to improve student achievement. In this research, the method used is the group learning method
LEGALISASI EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Authors: Arif Zainal
Published: September 2020

Abstrak;Perkembangan, Pelembagaan dan legalisasi ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia dapat dikatakan sangat pesat setelah mendapat dukungan pemerintah dalam bentuk regulasi ekonomi yang berprinsipkan pada prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah. Perkembangan pesat tersebut dapat terlihat dalam berbagai bidang ekonomi yang menerapkan sistem ekonomi syariah, seperti perbankan Syariah, asuransi Syariah, sukuk (Obligasi syariah), pasar modal Syariah, keuangan publik, dan lain-lain. Fakta berbeda perkembangan dan pertumbuhan praktik ekonomi syariah dapat dilihat dalam kurun waktu di mana pemerintah belum berpihak pada ekonomi syariah, yaitu sebelum reformasi. Realitas yang demikian, memberikan harapan besar yang menumbuhkan optimisme bagi umat Islam untuk terus berupaya mengembangkan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia, terlebih lagi dukungan pemerintah yang diwujudkan dalam berbagai regulasi dan political will semakin nyata mendukung pengembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Diharapkan penerapan politik ekonomi syariah yang lebih luas akan mempercepat terwujudnya tatanan ekonomi yang berkeadilan dan menyejahterakan di bumi nusantara. Sehingga apa yang dicita- citakan oleh para pendiri bangsa bisa terwujud
The growth curve of body weight in Kacang goats managed by smallholders at Tambang District of Indonesia
Authors: RUSTANDİ WİRADARYA Tantan , PİNTAKA BAYU PUTRA Widya , EFENDİ HARAHAP Anwar , SUSKA Alwi
Published: September 2020

Kacang goat (Capra hircus) is one of Indonesian germ plasm and kept by smallholders for meat production. This research was carried out to obtain the growth curve of body weight from 1 to 24 months of age in Kacang goats managed by smallholders at Tambang District of Indonesia. Total of 100 goats (51 buck and 49 does) were used in this study to obtain Logistic and Gompertz growth curves. Research showed that the Logistic and Gompertz growth curve have similar of coefficient of determination value (R2= 0.98). However, the standard error (SE) value in Gompertz was lower than Logistic curves. The inflection weight (IW) was reached of 13.16 to 15.30 kg (Logistic) and 12.76 to 14.41 kg (Gompertz). The inflection age (IA) was reached of 12.95 to 15.57 months (Logistic) and 12.71 to14.41 months (Gompertz). The growth rate (GR) were reached of 1.06 to 1.23 kg/month (Logistic) and 1.02 to 1.10 kg/month (Gompertz). It was concluded that Gompertz growth curve was the best predictor to predict body weight in Kacang goats.
Targeted and non-targeted analysis of organic compounds of moderate polarity in water using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry in all ion mode with particular reference to analysis of pesticides
Authors: Marwah Padma , Marwah Ashok , Zimba Paul V. , D’antonio Sue
Published: September 2020

We have developed a novel yet efficient method for the multi residue analysis of organic compounds of diverse polarities in water using Liquid Chromatography-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF) equipped with a jet stream Electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Use of three different fragmentor voltages (low, medium and high) enabled the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a diverse range of targeted organic compounds in environmental waters. No prior optimization of compounds being quantified was required, the limiting factors were ionization behaviour of compounds under conditions of ESI and good chromatography. Same data file could be subjected to repeated post-run data analysis to figure out the presence of non-targeted compounds, including designer drugs if any. The technique has been illustrated with reference to a group of pesticides having diverse chromatographic and ionization behaviours. The optimized Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)  followed by method validation yielded a robust yet simple quantitative method for a group of fourteen pesticides. We were able to achieve quantitation at 10 ng/L or lower depending upon ionization behaviour of substrates against the usual regulatory requirement of 1000 ng/L. The method was used for targeted and non-targeted detection of pesticides in Nueces estuary waters, TX, USA, and several untargeted pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products were identified.
Effect of pulse sprout spray as a foliar nutrition to enhance seed yield and quality in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea l.)
Authors: Kumar N. Nandha , Lakshmi S. , Sathya S.
Published: September 2020

Millets are rich in valuable nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins. The uninterrupted and disproportionate use of chemical fertilizers over a longer period has resulted in deterioration of soil health and reduced yield.  Foliar spray is a very easy way to supply valuable nutrients to plants. With this background, an experiment was conducted to see the effect of pulse sprout extract spray as a foliar spray on the seed crop Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.). The seed crop given foliar treatment with 2% horse gram pulse sprout extract spray recorded higher growth attributes namely plant height (172.8 cm), total chlorophyll content (1.560 mg/g) and yield attributes viz., seed yield per plant (26.5 g), seed yield per plot (2.54 kg), seed yield per hectare (2506 kg), 1000 seed weight (3.28 g), quality parameters viz., germination (89%), vigour index (2461) and biochemical parameters of resultant seeds in both kharif and rabi seasons. The crop given with foliar nutrition of 2% horse gram sprout extract spray showed a low number of days to flower initiation (45 days) and 50% flowering (54 days) when compared to control followed by 2% cowpea sprout extract. Hence it was hypothesized that application of the nutrient extract from the sprouted pulses in the form of foliar spray would enable better crop growth and productivity of Barnyard millet.
A report on freshwater tailless flea, Simocephalus vetulus from Haridwar, located in foothills of Shivalik Himalaya in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Mishra Anand , Shukla Sanjive , Chopra A. K. , Shukla Sandeep , Lodhi Harnam Singh
Published: September 2020

The Cladocerans, commonly known as “Water fleas” form a primitive freshwater group of micro crustacean zooplankton of the freshwater ecosystem. They play an important role in the aquatic food chain and also contribute significantly to zooplankton dynamics and secondary productivity in freshwater ecosystems. The animals used in the present study were identified as Simocephalus vetulus with the help of identification keys described by various authors in the previous studies from other parts of India. In the present study, the occurrence of “freshwater tailless flea”, S. vetulus (Crustacea- cladocera) is reported for the first time from freshwater bodies in Haridwar, located in foothills of Shivalik Himalayan region in Uttarakhand. The presence of S. vetulus “tailless water flea” will be helpful as a lab model for the health status of aquatic bodies as well as environmental monitoring.
ASSESSING THE HEALTH, EDUCATION, FOOD AND NONE FOOD EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM ENGEL CURVE ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD'S EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Jaiyeola Afeez , Ado Ghazali , Bayat Amiena
Published: September 2020

The
study estimates the Working-Leser model using Engel Curve approach. The result
show that; food
expenditure has the largest share of household expenditure in Nigeria while
household expenditure on health, education and non-food expenditure have the
lowest share of the total household expenditure in Nigeria.
Endotoxemia in metabolic syndrome and some mechanisms of its development
Authors: Lyapina M. V. , Lukashevich A. P. , Vakhrushev Ya. M.
Published: September 2020

The aim. Assessment of the relationship between the occurrence of endotoxemia and impaired resorption function of the small intestine, arrhythmia of the motility of the stomach and intestines, and excessive bacterial growth in the metabolic syndrome (MS).

Materials and methods. 62 patients with MS were examined. The average age was 48.62+3.75 years. The motor function of the gastrointestinal tract was studied using peripheral electrogastroenterocolography. To assess the absorption processes in the small intestine, stress tests with glucose and d-xylose were used. Blood endotoxin level, quantitative and& qualitative composition of parietal microbiota of small intestine were determined using an Agilent gas chromatograph with mass-selective and flame-ionization detectors (Agilent Technologies, USA).

Results. 82.9% of the examined patients with MS showed clinical signs of intestinal damage. The electrical activity of& the& small intestine departments in the postprandial period was low in 70% of patients. The electrical activity of& the& colon on an empty stomach was not changed, and after a food load was reduced. Discoordination of motility is observed between small intestine and the colon, aggravated after food stimulation. A significant decrease in the rhythm of contractions is observed at the frequencies of the jejunum, ileum, and colon both on an empty stomach and in the postprandial period, which indicates a weakening of propulsive bowel contractions in patients with MS. In patients with MS, an increase in& the& absorption of glucose and d-xylose was revealed in comparison with the group of healthy individuals. In patients with MS, excessive bacterial growth in small intestine is observed mainly due to conditionally pathogenic microbiota strains. According to the results of the study of blood endotoxin level in patients with MS, a significant increase was revealed in comparison with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative relationship between the level of endotoxin and electrical activity of small intestine, between the level of endotoxin and the ratio of the ratio of& the& colon to the ileum. A moderate positive relationship was established between the degree of endotoxemia increase and glucose absorption in small intestine.

Conclusion. A study of the level of endotoxin and indicators of excessive bacterial growth, motor evacuation and resorption functions of small intestine revealed important pathogenetic patterns regarding the contributing role of the latter in& the development of endotoxemia in patients with MS.
Features of manifestations of functional dyspepsia in medical students of different years of study
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Shutova A. A. , Bessonov A. G. , Maksimov K. V.
Published: September 2020

Objective of the study:to clarify the influence of external factors on the symptoms of functional dyspepsia in medical students.

Materials and methods:A survey of 105 students aged 20.2 ± 0.18 years was conducted. The survey was conducted on a special gastroenterological questionnaire GSRS. Also in the questionnaire we added questions that characterize postprandial distress syndrome. An additional questionnaire was conducted on issues that allow us to assess the influence of external factors on the functional dyspepsia of students (nutrition, bad habits, constitutional features).

Results:During the study revealed: the intensity of manifestations of functional dyspepsia from 1 to 6 courses is reduced. Bad habits like smoking, eating at bedtime, using chewing gum, eating with alcohol have a negative effect on the digestive system, which can be a risk factor for developing functional dyspepsia. A correlation was also found between clinical syndromes: epigastric pain syndrome and reflux syndrome (r = 0.4), diarrhea syndrome (0.37), dyspeptic syndrome (0.5), constipation syndrome (0.37); postprandial distress syndrome and reflux syndrome (0.42), diarrhea syndrome (0.39), dyspeptic syndrome (0.83), constipation syndrome (0.39).

Conclusions:The intensity of most manifestations of functional dyspepsia during the transition to older courses decreases, however, 4-year students are more susceptible to postprandial distress syndrome, which can be associated with adverse factors such as smoking, eating food at bedtime, using chewing gum, eating with alcohol.
The combined application of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and probiotic complex ProbioLog may affect lithogenesis processes in the early stages of gallstone disease in elderly people
Authors: Glazyrina N. N. , Khokhlacheva N. A. , Mikhailova O. D. , Belova E. V.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in combination with ProbioLog at the early stage of gallstone disease in the elderly.

Material and methods: 92 patients with early stage of cholelithiasis (CL) were examined, the average age was 66,69 ± 5,52 years, there were 29 men and 63 women. In addition to anamnestic and general clinical data, the results of ultrasound examination (US) of the gallbladder were used to verify the diagnosis. The biochemical properties of bile (cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids levels, bile lithogenicity indices) were studied. The composition of the intestinal microflora was determined using a hydrogen breath test with lactulose and culture of feces for dysbiosis. Two groups were formed due to the course of treatment, which amounted to 30 days. 45 patients of the observation group received UDCA 15 mg / kg per day once for a night in combination with the probiotic ProbioLog (Mayoly Spindler, France), 1 сapsule twice per day. UDCA monotherapy of 15 mg / kg daily was administered to 47 patients of the comparison group once for the night.

Results. After the course of treatment, a favorable dynamics of clinical symptoms of the disease was noted. According to US, elimination of biliary sludge was observed in 62.2% of patients of the observation group and in 14.8% of patients of the comparison group. An improvement in the biochemical composition of bile was manifested by decreasing of its lithogenic properties. The important results of therapy were positive changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora, contributing to the normalization of the exchange of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids.

Conclusion. The combined using of UDCA and ProbioLog in elderly patients is clinically effective in the treatment of early stages of cholelithiasis and pathogenetically justified in the prevention of gallstone formation.
Chronic duodenal stasis and the state of cavity intestinal microbiota
Authors: Vakhrushev Ya. M. , Busygina M. S. , Lukashevich A. P.
Published: September 2020

Objective: to study the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in chronic duodenal stasis and the conjugation of their disorders with excessive bacterial growth.

Materials and methods. Thirty patients with chronic duodenostasis (DS) aged 37.1 ± 13.8 years were examined. Anamnestic and physical data, results of X-ray and endoscopic examinations, intracavitarymanometry were used in the verification of DS. The determination of excess bacterial growth (IDB) in the small intestine was carried out by analyzing the results of the hydrogen respiratory test (VDT). The assessment of the motor function of the stomach and duodenum was carried out using the gastroenteromanometer GEM-01 “Gastroskan-GEM”. For conducting short-term pH-measurement, the Gastroskan-5M device was used.

Results. All patients with DS presented dyspeptic complaints, revealed asthenic syndrome. In the postprandial period, impaired propulsive motility in all sections of the digestive tube was also expressed, which proves a 1.5-fold decrease in fasting urea, jejunum and ileum by 1.5 times in both phases of the study (p& <0.001). In patients with DS, IDB was detected in 22 (78.6%) cases. Among all examined patients in 19 (67.9%) patients, IDB was associated with increased bacterial activity in the small intestine. Colon dysbiosis was detected in 3 (10.7%) patients (χ2 = 7.093, p = 0.008). A correlation analysis between the hydrogen content in exhaled air and the rhythmic coefficient of the large intestine showed a reliable strong feedback (r& = 0.65, p = 0.015).

Conclusion. A comprehensive study of the motor-evacuation function of the digestive system and the state of enteric microbiocenosis expands the possibilities of pathogenetically substantiated therapy for diseases of the organs of the gastroduodenobiliary pancreatic zone.
Correction of lipid metabolism disorders with atorvastatin in combination with UDCA in NAFLD
Authors: Suchkova E. V. , Lukashevich A. P.
Published: September 2020

Objective: to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the combined use of ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastatin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with concomitant atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Materials and methods.123 patients with NAFLD at the stage of steatosis were examined, among them 66 women and 57 men aged 30 to 70 years. In verification of NAFLD, an ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the hepatobiliary system was used using the SONIX OP apparatus (Canada). To exclude fibrosis in the liver parenchyma, sonoelastographywas performed on an AIXPLORER apparatus (France) and the FibroTest and FibroMax tests developed by BioPredictiv (Paris, France) were used. The lipid profile was determined on an analyzer FP-901 (M) from Labsystems (Finland) (Spain, Barcelona). The method of multifractional (5-phase) duodenal sounding (MFDZ) was used, which makes it possible to evaluate bile indices (cholesterol and bile acids).

Results. Ultrasound of the liver and SteatoTest revealed steatosis in all patients with NAFLD. The examined identified signs of atherogenic dyslipidemia. There was a significant increase in cholesterol in portions “B” and “C” of bile (by 79.9% (p = 0.001) and 76.89% (p = 0.001), respectively), a decrease in the amount of bile acids in portions “B” and “ C ”bile (by 46.74% (p = 0.001) and 30.56% (p = 0.1), respectively). A sharp decrease in the cholecholesterol coefficient (by 90.55% (p = 0.001) and 86.03% (p = 0.01), respectively) confirms the high lithogenic properties of bile. The combined use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), simultaneously with atorvastatin, manifested a more pronounced both lipid-lowering effect and correction of the lithogenic properties of bile, in comparison with UDCA monotherapy.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the course application of UDCA in combination with atorvastatin in the correction of hyper- and dyslipidemia and biochemical parameters of bile in patients with NAFLD at an early stage of steatosis was determined.
Screening for gastric cancer: East and West, features of diagnostic criteria
Authors: Avanesyan A. A. , Chukina O. V. , Kokovina Yu. V. , Chirkina T. M. , Bakulin I. G.
Published: September 2020

Gastric cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancer deaths. Identification of risk groups and special carcinogens will prevent the development of the tumor or detect it in the early stages, which will significantly increase the quality of life of patients with high risks of developing gastric cancer. For the timely detection of tumor development, it is optimal to use systematic screening. Undoubtedly, the approaches to the diagnosis of cancer have significant differences in the countries of the West and the East.
BERGAMO AND COVID-19: HOW THE DARK CAN TURN TO LIGHT
Authors: Perico Norberto , Fagiuoli Stefano , Di Marco Fabiano , Laghi Andrea , Cosentini Roberto , Rizzo Marco , Gianatti Andrea , Rambaldi Alessandro , Ruggenenti Piero , La Vecchia Carlo , Bertolini Guido , Paglia Stefano , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Remuzzi Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread rapidly. Here we discuss the dramatic situation created by COVID-19 in Italy, particularly in the province of Bergamo (the most severely affected), as an example of how, in the face of an unprecedented tragedy, taking action (albeit belatedly) – including imposing a very strict lockdown – can largely resolve the situation within approximately two months. The measures taken here ensured that Bergamo hospital, which was confronted with rapidly rising numbers of very ill COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalisation, was able to meet the initial challenges of the pandemic. We also highlight the importance of coordinating the easing of containment measures to avoid what can currently be observed in other countries especially in Latin American and India, where this approach has not be adopted, and a dramatic resurgence of COVID-19 cases and an increase in the number of hospitalisations and deaths have been reported.
Stereotype Threat in High School Classrooms: How It links to Teacher Mindset Climate, Mathematics Anxiety, and Achievement
Authors: Seo Eunjin , Lee You-kyung
Published: September 2020

As stereotype threat was initially examined in the tradition of experimental research, the effects of stereotype threat have often been tested by temporarily manipulating social identity threat mainly among college students. To extend the literature to adolescents’ naturalistic experience of stereotype threat, we examined 9th grade adolescents’ stereotype threat using National Study of Learning Mindsets data (n~= 6,040; 48.5% girls). Black and Latino boys experienced higher levels of stereotype threat in high school mathematics classrooms, as compared to black/Latino girls and white peers. When students perceived their teachers to create fixed mindset climate, students experienced greater stereotype threat. Stereotype threat, in turn, negatively predicted later achievement via heightened anxiety among black/Latino boys and white girls. The findings highlight the importance of forming mathematics classrooms that cultivate growth mindset and minimize the threat to students’ social identity.
Aulas universitárias pós-pandemia: reposição ou novo ano acadêmico?
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: September 2020

Analisamos duas soluções para o retorno às aulas universitárias pós-pandemia.
Frequency-based Discrimination in Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation
Authors: De Rosa Mara , Ktori Maria , Vidal Yamil , Bottini Roberto , Crepaldi Davide
Published: September 2020

Humans capitalize on statistical cues to discriminate fundamental units of information within complex streams of sensory input. We sought neural evidence for this phenomenon by combining fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) and EEG recordings. Skilled readers were exposed to sequences of linguistic items with decreasing familiarity, presented at a fast rate and periodically interleaved with oddballs. Crucially, each sequence comprised stimuli of the same category, and the only distinction between base and oddball items was the frequency of occurrence of individual tokens within a stream. Frequency-domain analyses revealed robust neural responses at the oddball presentation rate in all conditions, reflecting the discrimination between two locally-emerged groups of items purely informed by token frequency. Results provide evidence for a fundamental frequency-tuned mechanism that operates under high temporal constraints and could underpin category bootstrapping. Concurrently, they showcase the potential of FPVS for providing a direct neural measure of implicit statistical learning.
BOOK REVIEW: “SELF-LOVE, EGOISM AND THE SELFISH HYPOTHESIS. KEY DEBATES FROM EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH MORAL PHILOSOPHY” BY CHRISTIAN MAURER
Authors: Walraevens Benoît
Published: September 2020

A review of “Self-Love, Egoism and the Selfish Hypothesis. Key Debates from Eighteenth-Century British Moral Philosophy” by Christian Maurer
Role of Body Roll in Caravan Fishtailing
Authors: Brell Edward
Published: September 2020

During towing of a caravan or trailer it is not uncommon that the trailer sways back and forth as a result of steering input, crosswind or one of many other causes. Normally there is sufficient damping in the oscillations to realign the trailer with the tow vehicle. On some occasions the swaying enters an uncontrollable phase where the sway amplitude increases at each cycle. This paper examines the contribution of body roll of caravans to the out-of-control sway. The paper proposes resonance of fundamental body roll frequency with the sway frequency as a significant contributing factor. It also proposes that body roll can control sway amplitude helping to explain the out-of-control condition. There are some keys offered that may interest caravan manufacturers and caravan owners alike.
A Brief Guide to Patents for Academic Scientists
Authors: Wang Derek Schawn , Varanasi Vamsi V. J.
Published: September 2020

While the established infrastructure of academia promotes ventures into unknown intellectual territory, translating technologies from the enclaves of esoteric journals to the lives of everyone remains a challenge. Patents play a crucial role in the world beyond the university setting by disseminating academic work to those who can use it while financially protecting them. We discuss the reasons why an academic scientist would or would not patent, review the basics of patents relevant to a university setting, walk through the steps of filing patents at a university, and provide a more holistic analysis of the role of patents in various industries. We hope that you know enough about patents by the conclusion of this document to informedly decide whether you want to care about them, and that you have the basic vocabulary to dive into the details with experts should you decide you do.
Extinction of Pavlovian Conditioning: The Influence of Trial Number and Reinforcement History
Authors: Chan C. K. Jonas , Harris Justin
Published: September 2020

Pavlovian conditioning is sensitive to the temporal relationship between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). This has motivated models that describe learning as a process that continuously updates associative strength during the trial or specifically encodes the CS-US interval. These models predict that extinction of responding is also continuous, such that response loss is proportional to the cumulative duration of exposure to the CS without the US. We review evidence showing that this prediction is incorrect, and that extinction is trial-based rather than time-based. We also present two experiments that test the importance of trials versus time on the Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE), in which responding extinguishes more slowly for a CS that was inconsistently reinforced with the US than for a consistently reinforced one. We show that increasing the number of extinction trials of the partially reinforced CS, relative to the consistently reinforced CS, overcomes the PREE. However, increasing the duration of extinction trials by the same amount does not overcome the PREE. We conclude that animals learn about the likelihood of the US per trial during conditioning, and learn trial-by-trial about the absence of the US during extinction. Moreover, what they learn about the likelihood of the US during conditioning affects how sensitive they are to the absence of the US during extinction.
Swedish and Norwegian police interviewers’ goals, tactics, and emotions when interviewing suspects of child sexual abuse
Authors: Magnusson Mikaela , Joleby Malin , Luke Timothy John , Ask Karl , Sakrisvold Marthe Lefsaker
Published: September 2020

As the suspect interview is one of the key elements of a police investigation, it has received a great deal of merited attention from the scientific community. However, suspect interviews in child sexual abuse (CSA) investigations is an understudied research area. In the present mixed-methods study, we examine Swedish (n = 126) and Norwegian (n = 52) police interviewers’ self-reported goals, tactics, and emotional experiences when conducting interviews with suspected CSA offenders. The quantitative analyses found associations between the interviewers’ self-reported goals, tactics, and emotions during these types of suspect interviews. Interviewers who reported experiencing more negative emotions were more likely to employ confrontational tactics. Specifically, anger was positively associated with the goal of obtaining a confession and with aggressive tactics like raising one’s voice and emphasizing the seriousness of the crime. Frustration and disgust displayed similar patterns. Somewhat contrasting these quantitative results, the thematic analysis identified a strong consensus that emotions should not and do not affect the police interviewers’ work. Furthermore, the police interviewers described a range of strategies for managing emotions during the interview and for processing their emotional reactions afterwards. The present findings highlight the relevance of emotional processes in CSA suspect interviews and provide an initial exploration of the potentially complex relationship between the goals, tactics, and emotional experiences of police interviewers who question CSA suspects.