bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the liver transcriptome profile in broiler chickens under heat stress conditions
Authors: Kim Deok Yun , Han Gi Ppeum , Lim Chiwoong , Kim Jun-Mo , Kil Dong Yong
Published: August 2023

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary betaine (BT) supplementation on the hepatic transcriptome profiles in broiler chickens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions.Methods: A total of 180 (21-d-old) Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 6 replicated cages in a completely randomized design. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions at all times and was fed a basal diet (PC). Other 2 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 2 groups under heat stress conditions was fed the basal diet as a negative control (NC), whereas the other group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% BT. All chickens were provided with diets and water ad libitum for 21 d. Following the experiment, the liver samples were collected for RNA sequencing analysis.Results: Broiler chickens in NC and BT group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance. In the transcriptome analysis, the number of differentially expressed genes were identified in the liver by HS conditions and dietary BT supplementation. In the comparison between NC and PC treatments, genes related to energy and nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and immune system were altered by HS, which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased growth performance. In the comparison between NC and BT treatments, genes related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune system were differently expressed under HS conditions.Conclusion: HS negatively impacts various physiological processes, including DNA replication, metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, and cell cycle progression in broiler chickens. Dietary BT supplementation, however, offers potential counteractive effects by modulating liver function, facilitating gluconeogenesis, and enhancing immune systems. These findings provide a basis for understanding molecular responses by HS and the possible benefits of dietary BT supplementation in broiler chickens exposed to HS.
Realismus als Theorie und Heuristik
Authors: Driedger Jonas J.
Published: August 2023

Für große Teile der deutschen Politik und Politikwissenschaft kam der russische Angriff auf die Ukraine am 24. Februar 2022 als ein unerwarteter Schock. Gleichzeitig schien der Krieg realistische Kernaussagen zu bestätigen, beispielsweise durch Russlands erklärtes Ziel, gewaltsam eine zukünftige NATO-Mitgliedschaft der Ukraine zu verhindern. Infolgedessen beklagten prominente Kommentator*innen Vorurteile gegenüber dem Realismus in Deutschland. In der Tat ist im internationalen Vergleich der Realismus in der deutschen IB-Forschung unterrepräsentiert. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass eine idealtypische Unterscheidung zwischen realistischer Theorie und realistischer Heuristik weite Bereiche dieser Realismuskontroverse löst. Hierfür zeigt der Artikel beispielhaft auf, dass auch minimalistische Modelle realistischer Theorie für Kernfragen der ukrainisch-russisch-deutschen Sicherheitsbeziehungen wichtige Erklärungs­beiträge liefern können. Auch demonstriert der Artikel, inwiefern atheoretische realistische Heuristiken zu empirisch falschen, nur vermeintlich autoritativen und politisch problematischen Annahmen über die ukrainisch-russisch-deutschen Beziehungen führen können.
Geschichte des Versammlungsrechts
Authors: Breitbach Michael , Deiseroth Dieter
Published: August 2023

Der Band stellt die Geschichte der Versammlungsfreiheit, den Kampf um ihre Konstitutionalisierung und rechtliche Ausgestaltung als politisches Freiheitsrecht in Deutschland umfassend dar. Behandelt werden die Entwicklungen jeder Verfassungsepoche, von 1800 bis in die Gegenwart: Absolutismus Konstitutionelle Monarchie Weimarer Republik Nationalsozialismus DDR Eestliche Bundesrepublik Vereinigtes Deutschland. Durch die Einbettung in die politische Geschichte wird deutlich, dass der Grad an Versammlungsfreiheit paradigmatisch auf den jeweiligen zivilgesellschaftlichen Zustand verweist.
Cellular and EEG Patterns of the Reorganization of Cortical Activity in Animal Experimental Models of Epilepsy (in Cats)
Authors: Sobieszek Aleksander
Published: August 2023

The aim of this chapter is to present the results of experiments performed in attempt of receiving precise information concerning compositions of the patterns of functional states of the structures of cerebral neocortex, reflected in distributions of intracortical electrical fields including patterns reflecting cellular activity. The data were received in conditions of wakefulness and sleep in cats with permanently implanted cortical electrodes—without necessity of using any pharmacological treatment or in conditions of pharmacological alterations of the functional state of cortical tissue—qualified as ionic (IME) and penicillin (PME) models of epilepsy.
The Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants for the Removal of Antibiotics
Authors: S. Al-Wasify Raed , M. Alruwaili Majid , S. Aljohani Fahad , R. Hamed Shimaa , Ragab Samar
Published: August 2023

Undoubtedly domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are not designed for the removal of some pollutants such as antibiotics. This chapter summarizes the occurrence and fate of six groups of the most widely used antibiotics (β-lactams, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and others) in domestic WWTPs. The literature showed that the six groups of antibiotics have been frequently detected during wastewater treatment train (influent, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment, effluent, and sludge treatment) of domestic WWTPs. Also, it was clear that the main removal routes of antibiotics during sewage treatment of domestic WWTPs were adsorption, biodegradation, membrane filtration, and disinfection. Domestic WWTPs cannot remove most of the antibiotics which finally enter the environment through treated effluent and sludge.
Animal Models in Myometrial Activity Research: Morphofunctional Features, Role of Oxytocin
Authors: G. Hunanyan Naira , V. Kazaryan Knarik , A. Piliposyan Tatevik
Published: August 2023

One of the main functions of the reproductive system is providing the physiological process, which occurs by caudal spread of excitability of smooth muscle tissue and ensures delivery of the fetus. The results of this work confirm the importance of blood supply in automatism of the ovarian horn areas, which are the leading regions in propagation of electrical waves and coordination of other rhythmogenic loci. Morphofunctional methods have shown that the ovarian horn areas have strong vascularization, which is confirming the pronounced electrical activity of these loci. Oxytocin has a central role in changing of excitation patterns. Increasing hormone concentrations (10–2 μg/kg, 10–1 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg) resulted in increase of the bursting activity duration of all studied myometrial areas. At the same time, rise in the frequency of spike rhythmogenesis was observed only at a dose of 1 μg/kg. Morpho-histochemical analysis revealed the existence of atypical cells with a high level of Ca2+-dependent acid phosphatase in both distal rhythmogenic ends of the horn. However, the ovarian horn area had the greatest enzymatic activity. Thus, the obtained data give good reason to conclude that the ovarian horn area has a leading role in the myometrium.
Oxytocin and Its Congeners in Obstetrics Practice: An Update on Carbetocin
Authors: Bhalla Amit , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: August 2023

There are no standardised recommendations for the use of oxytocin in obstetric indications. To prevent postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), the routine administration of oxytocin is standard practice. Failure of prophylactic therapy with oxytocin occurs commonly, necessitating the use of further oxytocin or other treatments to maintain haemodynamic stability. Oxytocin has its limitations as it requires cold storage and transport, and in low-resource settings, the cold chain is not commonly available. By modifying the oxytocin molecule, its half-life has been prolonged and its enzymatic degradation reduced. The modified molecule is named carbetocin. Heat-stable carbetocin is a promising alternative to oxytocin, which can overcome the persistent problems with oxytocin quality as it does not require a cold chain for storage and transport.
Perspective Chapter: Business Ecosystems – A Structure to Commercialize Value Chain of Rural Economies in Developing Areas
Authors: Tutuba Nicholaus
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we begin with the motivating question: How can firms in rural areas be organized to foster development and transformation by commercializing their activities? In developing countries, the business environment in rural areas has limited amenities and infrastructure. Firms in such areas have limited capabilities to solely commercialize their activities. To create value and capture a sizable value from activities, firms should redefine their Industry Architecture (IA): who does what, and who gets what? And change their business model from transactional to collaborative or ecosystem. The chapter informs stakeholders in rural development on significant steps and measures to be taken to structure a viable and commercial business ecosystem. Also, the theoretical contribution to fostering rural development and transformation by changing the Industry Architecture, Value Chain, and Business Ecosystems is remarkable. The chapter concludes by proposing firms work together to gain an architectural advantage: Maximizing the complementarity and mobility of assets.
Applications of Cutting-Edge Biosensors in Healthcare and Biomedical Research
Authors: Alemdar Sündüz , Pekel Bayramgil Nursel , Karakuş Selcan
Published: August 2023

Biosensors are remarkable devices that convert biological reactions to chemical compounds into measurable signals, allowing for specific detection of target analytes. The classification of biosensors is based on the type of bioreceptor or transducer used. They have diverse applications in environmental monitoring, detection of toxins, pharmaceuticals, prosthetics, biotechnology, and biomedical engineering, with a crucial role in monitoring soil, water, and food quality. In the field of health and biomedicine, biosensors have undergone significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment of diseases by providing highly accurate results. This chapter focuses on the advancements and applications of biosensors in various biotechnological domains.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN SDM DAN DAYA SAING IKM MELALUI PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN MUTU DAN PENGELOLAAN SENTRA IKM
Authors: Abbas Bakhtiar , Razak Abdul , Sabilalo Mahmudin A. , Supriaddin Nofal , Nur Muh , Asraf Asraf , Hakim Abdul , Tambunan Rince , Yuana Indira
Published: August 2023

The training was conducted with the aim of increasing the capacity of knowledge, understanding, and analytical skills for members of small and medium industries, especially about efforts to increase human resources and industrial competitiveness. Method of implementation of Community Service (PKM) activities in the form of technical guidance. The speakers in this training are academics from the PKM STIE Enam Enam Kendari Team, and at the end of the activity will be given a handbook material. Community service activities at Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Kendari City have been carried out with positive results on the development program and the implementation of quality management and management of SME centers. In the implementation of these activities, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1). The low knowledge of SME about the importance of quality management; 2). The establishment of independent SME groups from various businesses both on the scale of small, medium and large enterprises will make it easier to obtain credit assistance and management coaching systems to increase production volumes; 3). Consultation and quality management coaching in Small and Medium Industries; 4). Application of quality management.
Transfer Learning-Based Benchmarking Study for Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Lung CT Scans
Authors: Akar Mucahit , Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih
Published: August 2023

The virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged from the city of Wuhan in the People’s Republic of China, has affected the whole world. This disease, which is categorized as an epidemic disease, continues to increase despite the various measures taken. It is aimed to reduce death and infected people rates with vaccination studies, inspection and early diagnosis. On the other hand, new types of coronavirus cases are emerging and people are kept under surveillance to prevent the spread of the virus. By keeping the infected people under quarantine, the transmission of the epidemic to more people is prevented. For this reason, early diagnosis kits and tests are vital. Today, various abnormalities are detected by specialists thanks to medical imaging tools. On the other hand, this process is performed on medical images using image processing techniques. Thanks to methods such as image classification, image segmentation, image quantification and various operations such as object detection, localization and quantitative analysis on the object are performed. In this study, it is aimed to detect COVID-19 on lung CT scan images with deep learning methods. CNN-based state-of-art deep learning models, which were pre-trained with millions of images and applied transfer learning method for a similar problem, were used in this study. This process was performed by choosing VGG19, ResNet152 and MobileNetV2 models and the results were compared. According to the performance criteria, validation accuracy of 93.53%, 95% and 87.28% was obtained from VGG19, ResNet152 and MobileNetV2 models, respectively. These results show that these models give good results for the detection of COVID-19 from lung CT scan images.
Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning Methods: Systematic Review
Authors: ALISAWI Muthana , YALÇIN Nursel
Published: August 2023

The seven basic facial expressions are the most important indicator of a person's psychological state, regardless of gender, age, culture, or nationality. These expressions are an involuntary reaction that shows up on the face for a short time. They show how the person is feeling—sad, happy, angry, scared, disgusted, surprised, or neutral. The visual system and brain automatically detect a person's emotion through facial expressions. Most computer vision researchers struggle to automate facial expression recognition. Human emotion-detection pioneers have also tried to mimic human automatic detection. Thus, deep learning techniques are the closest to mimicking human intelligence. Despite deep learning techniques, creating a system that can accurately distinguish between facial expressions is still difficult due to the diversity of faces and the convergence of some expressions that express different emotions. This systematic review presents a scientifically rich paper on deep learning-based facial expression emotion detection methods. From 2019 to the present, PRISMA was used to search and select research on real-time emotions. The study collected datasets from the mentioned period that were used to train, test, and verify the models presented in the relevant studies. Each dataset was fully explained in terms of number of items, type of data, etc. The study also compared relevant studies and identified the best technique. Furthermore, challenges to systems that detect emotions through facial expressions have been identified.
Analyse transitoire des modèles markoviens des systémes tolérants aux fautes avec réparation différée.
Authors:   , Temsamani Jamal
Published: August 2023

La tesis aborda el análisis transitorio de modelos Markovianos de sistemas tolerantes a fallos con reparación diferida. Se consideran dos medidas definidas sobre cadenas de Markov a tiempo continuo con tasas de recompensa asociadas a los estados: la tasa de recompensa esperada en el instante t y la tasa media de recompensa esperada en el intervalo de tiempo [0, t]. Casos particulares importantes de esas dos medidas son la no-fiabilidad, la disponibilidad en el instante t y la disponibilidad de intervalo esperada. La tesis desarrolla un método numérico para el cálculo de ambas medidas con error arbitrariamente pequeño, denominado aleatorización regenerativa partida. Una ventaja importante del método es su estabilidad numérica. También se desarrolla un método numéricamente estable, la aleatorización regenerativa partida acotante, para el cálculo de cotas para un caso particular de la la tasa de recompensa esperada en el instante t que incluye la no-fiabilidad y cotas para ella. El coste computacional de los métodos es comparado con el de otros métodos basados en la aleatorización. La aleatorización regenerativa partida puede ser mucho menos costosa que los demás métodos para t grande y, cuando la relación entre la máxima y la mínima tasa de salida desde los estados con reparación no es muy elevada, permite el análisis en tiempos de CPU razonables de cadenas de Markov con muchos estados. La aleatorización regenerativa partida acotante tiene un coste computacional relativo muy bajo y proporciona cotas ajustadas, permitiendo el análisis en tiempos de CPU razonables de cadenas de Markov con muchísimos estados. En combinación con técnicas de acotación, los métodos desarrollados permiten el análisis numérico en tiempos de CPU razonables de modelos Markovianos de sistemas tolerantes a fallos con reparación diferida con un número muy elevado de componentes.
Detecció d'estructures estàtiques en el cos humà usant mètodes multifreqüència en Tomografia de impedància elèctrica
Authors:   , Riu Costa Pere Joan
Published: August 2023

Se analiza la obtención de imágenes que representan la estructura de secciones del cuerpo humano por medio de la medida de impedancia eléctrica. El método propuesto se basa en el comportamiento frecuencial de la conductividad y permitividad de los tejidos biológicos.

Para la obtención de las estructuras estáticas, y la diferenciación de los tejidos, se opta por la medida de impedancia eléctrica a diversas frecuencias. En una primera parte se demuestra la viabilidad del método propuesto basándose en el estudio del comportamiento frecuencial de diversos tejidos del cuerpo humano. Así mismo, se han utilizado modelos de elementos finitos para comprobar la validez de los métodos de reconstrucción de imágenes y la posibilidad de detectar estructuras internas.

En una segunda parte se analizan los requerimientos para la obtención de las medidas y se presenta el diseño de un equipo para la obtención de las imágenes, tanto de la parte de adquisición como de reconstrucción de imágenes.

Por ultimo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en modelos físicos de elementos discretos, en disoluciones salinas y en medidas realizadas en humanos, mostrándose imágenes de secciones del abdomen a diversas frecuencias.
Keunggulan Komparatif Dan Kompetitif Komoditas Rempah Indonesia Di Pasar Uni Emirat Arab
Authors: Khalish Fahmil
Published: August 2023

Ekspor merupakan bagian penting dari perekonomian negara. Semakin besar nilai kinerja ekspor suatu negara, maka semakin besar dampak positifnya bagi perekonomian negara tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dari dua puluh HS code rempah dan mengetahui posisi pasar serta produk yang memiliki potensi kuat di ekspor ke UAE. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) dan ECI (Export Competitiveness Index) dan EPD (Export Product Dynamics). Hasil data daya saing komparatif yaitu sembilan Kode HS diantaranya memiliki daya saing komparatif, tujuh kode HS tidak ada daya saing dan empat tidak dapat dianalisis. Sedangkan pada daya saing kompetitif terdapat 15 produk rempah yang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif di pasar internasional. Posisi pasar ekspor komoditas rempah Indonesia di UAE tergolong bagus yaitu delapan HS code rempah berada di posisi rising star. Produk rempah yang memiliki daya saing kuat dan memiliki pasar optimis di Pasar UAE terletak pada lima produk yaitu HS Code 090411, 090711, 090811, 091011, 091030. Sedangkan potensi untuk menjadi pasar optimis terdapat depan kode HS, 090412, 090422, 090510, 090611, 090619, 090620, 090821, 090831.
Analysis of Consumer Buying Behavior at the East Bekasi Regional Pharmacy
Authors: Leonard Parsaoran Edward , Hartono Sri
Published: August 2023

This research is motivated by consumer behavior patterns in purchasing medicine at pharmacies. The variables used in this study include price, service quality, purchase decisions, and consumer trust as a mediator. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze consumer purchasing behavior of medicine at pharmacies in the East Bekasi area. The methodology employed in this study is quantitative research with causal explanation. Data collection techniques involve distributing questionnaires. Meanwhile, the sampling technique utilizes a non-probability sampling design with purposive sampling. Data processing involves Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS software version 3.3.7 and includes 138 respondents. Based on the testing and analysis results, it can be concluded that consumer trust mediates price and service quality, consequently exerting a positive and significant influence on the purchase decisions of medicine at East Bekasi Pharmacy. The implications of this research are expected to contribute as information for entrepreneurs and managerial implications that can be practically applied within companies, particularly in determining marketing strategies by managing internal and external factors to enhance sales. Moreover, it also holds theoretical implications in the academic field with the hope of generating new theories.
Роковая связка: об одной попытке обосновать лингвистическую относительность
Authors: Куслий Петр Сергеевич ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2023

Статья представляет критический анализ философско-языковой составляющей концепции философа А.В. Смирнова, сформулированной в книге «Логика смысла как философия сознания: приглашение к размышлению» (М., 2021) как одной из концепций, опирающихся на идею лингвистической относительности. Предложены аргументы, демонстрирующие, что концепция основана на ложном утверждении об отсутствии связки в классическом арабском языке, а аргументы автора не отвечают критериям научной аргументации.
PENGUNGKAPAN SOSIAL (SOCIAL DISCLOSURE) DALAM LAPORAN TAHUNAN (PADA PERUSAHAAN PT. PERTAMINA PERSERO TBK)
Authors: Marlina Ani , Zulkarnain
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengungkapan Sosial (Social Disclosure) Dalam Laporan Tahunan( Pada Perusahaan PT. Pertamina Persero Tbk )Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu perusahaan PT. Pertamina Persero Tbk, periode tahun 2016-2020. Sampel penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan karakteristik tertentu atau purposive sampling sehingga terpilih perusahaan sebagai sampel perusahaan.   Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pengungkapan yang dilakukan PT. Pertamina Persero Tbk selama 5 tahun terkahir adalah meningkat. Terlihat dari laporan yang di sajikan yakni tahun 2020 pengungkapan sosial yang semakin tinggi dibandingkan dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Pengungkapan ini adalah penting adanya untuk menilai keberlangsungan suatu perusahaan, terutama  di bidang ekonomi, lingkungan dan sosial.
ANALISIS PENETAPAN MARGIN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA PT.BPRS AL WASHLIYAH MEDAN
Authors: Muhammad Nuzul Napitupulu  , Uswah Hasanah
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penetapan margin pembiayaan murabahah pada PT.BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan. Metode perhitungan margin pembiayaan murabahah menggunakan metode annuitas, yaitu penetapan margin keuntungan yang ditetapkan sebesar jumlah pengambilan pembiayaan. Data yang diperoleh diambil langsung dari staff PT.BPRS AL-Washliyah medan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. pengumpulan data, yaitu:wawancara dokumentasi dan observasi. Teknik yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan serangkaian pertanyaan kepada staff pembiayaan di PT.BPRS AL-Washliyah medan.Berdasarkan dari hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penetapan margin tergantung dari besarnya jumlah pengambilan pembiayaan. Dalam melakukan penetapan margin menggunakan cara yang sederhana yaitu jumlah angsuran = pokok+margin pokok=plafon: jangka waktu, sedangkan margin= plafon x presentase margin. PT.BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan ternyata sudah sesuai dengan prinsip ekonomi islam, yakni sudah berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama dalam menentukan margin. dan margin tidak akan berubah dari awal akad hingga pembayaran selesai.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the determination of murabahah financing margins at PT.BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan. The method of calculating the margin for murabahah financing uses the annuity method, which is the determination of the profit margin which is set at the amount of financing taken. The data obtained was taken directly from the staff of PT.BPRS AL-Washliyah Medan. The method used is a qualitative method. data collection, namely: interview documentation and observation. The technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis. This research was conducted by giving a series of questions to the financing staff at PT.BPRS AL-Washliyah Medan. Based on the results of this study it shows that the determination of the margin depends on the large amount of financing taken. In setting the margin using a simple method, namely the number of installments = principal + principal margin = ceiling: term, while margin = ceiling x margin percentage. PT.BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan turned out to be in accordance with the principles of Islamic economics, namely that it was based on a mutual agreement in determining margins. and the margin will not change from the beginning of the contract until the payment is complete.
Case report: Cauda equina syndrome following a single shot spinal administration of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine through a 26-gauge Quincke’s needle
Authors:   Tribhuwan university teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Bharatpur 14 chitwan, Nepal., Dilip Baral
Published: August 2023

Cauda equina syndrome is dreaded complication of spinal anesthesia. Although rare, most of the time it is caused by spinal hematoma. Terminal myelitis and radiculitis due to intrathecal bupivacaine can also lead to cauda equina syndrome following spinal anesthesia.
التكلف في الرأي عند النحاة في الحروف
Authors: أ. د. بان صالح الخفاجي  , م.م.آمنة خالد عبد الغفور
Published: August 2023

يُعنى هذا البحث اللغوي بدراسة التكلف في الرأي عند النحاة، واستعمال النحاة لهذا المصطلح في حكمهم لهذا الرأي النحوي أو ذاك بعد دراستهم جملة من الآراء النحوية .

       والوقوف على هذا المصطلح  هو ظاهرة نقدية أطلقها المتأخرون من النحاة  بعد أن استوت أسس هذا العلم وتثبتت أركانه، وصارت الحاجة ملحة لتمييز ما كان متكلفاً لا حاجة إليه عمَا كان غير متكلفٍ فيه، وقد تكرر هذا المصطلح حتى غدا ظاهرة نقدية تستحق الوقوف عليها، ومعرفة أسبابها، ومن ثمّ الحكم عليها ، سواءٌ كان هذا الحكم يطلق على الأسماء أو الأفعال أو الحروف .

      كل ذلك يفرض على الباحثين المهتمين بمثل هذه المصطلحات الوقوف على مثل هذه الظواهر ودراستها دراسة علمية منصفة تهدف إلى نفض غبار الغموض والتعقيد الذي غطى بعض أبواب النحو، واختيار أنسب الآراء وأيسرها وأكثرها قربًا من الواقع اللغوي، لتتضح صورة هذا العلم الجليل ، فكان هذا البحث يتناول بعض مسائل التكلف التي وردت في الحروف ومن أمثلتها: حرفا الجر (لعلّ وحتى ) وحرف الشرط (لو) وحرفا التنفيس(السين وسوف).
الصّورة التشبيهية في كتاب الخواتيم لابن الجوزي (ت٥٩٧هـ)
Authors: الأستاذ الدكتور: مثنی نعيم حمادي  , الباحثة. رشا جاسم محمد
Published: August 2023

إنَّ الصورة التشبيهية في كتاب الخواتيم " خواتيم مجالس الوعظ تنبض بالحياة، فيصور فيها الشاعر حالته فيما مضی وما آلت إليه نفسه في الوقت الحاضر، فتُظهر المفارقة ما بين الأسر والإطلاق فضلاً عن الحزن والطرب، فغدت هذه الحالة الأكثر حضوراً في صوره التشبيهية، فتظهر شخصية أو ذات الشاعر انهزامية منكسرة أمام ما لاقته من الحزن والألم والأسی فيما مضی، وذات متفائلة بعد أن كسرت حواجز وقيود الأسر معلنة الإطلاق والتحليق في الوقت الحاضر.
علم الاجتماع الأدب جدلية النقد والسوسيولجيا (بحث في التنظير ورؤية العالم)
Authors: ا.م.د علاء طالب  عبدالله  , م.م. موج يوسف محمد
Published: August 2023

إن جدلية علم اجتماع الأدب مازالت قائمة منذ خميسنيات القرن الماضي عندما أعلن الناقد الفرنسي لوسيان غولدمان أن الأدب ظاهرة اجتماعية ويحمل رؤية العالم، وثبت دعائم هذا العلم ، واستمرت الجدلية بين السوسولوجيا والنقد ولأنهما متداخلان ومنفتحان على العلوم الانسانية الأخرى شرع الباحثان في وضع الحدود الدقيقة بينهما، لا سيما أن التحليل المنهجي يتكأ على عينة محددة هي النص الأدبي وتحديداً الرواية والمسرح ، ويرى بعض النقاد العرب أن الشعر يمثل رؤية العالم ؛ لما يعبر عن رؤية الجماعات، لكن البحث رجح الرواية وفق أدلة موضوعية، كما أن الباحثيين تميل رؤيتهما إلى أن علم اجتماع الأدب هو الأقرب إلى النقد حتى وأن اقتربت تسميته لعلم الاجتماع .
المقاربات الجمالية في منمنمات المدرستين العراقية والايرانية ( دراسة مقارنة )
Authors: م.م. تمارا سفيان يحيى
Published: August 2023

ان الفنون هي خير ما يعبر عن الارث الحضاري للشعوب ، وعن العقائد والعادات والمنجزات التاريخية ، فالجذور الحضارية لاي شعب من الشعوب لها شأن كبير في التطور الحضاري ، وما النتاج الفني الا حصيلة تجارب وخبرات موسومة بمميزات الشعوب الحضارية ، فالموروث الفني لفنون وادي الرافدين والفنون الايرانية جاءت انعكاس للتطور الذي سار عليه المجتمع بفنونه وثقافته ، وبناءً على ذلك فقد استطاع المبدعين من فناني وادي الرافدين وايران صياغة فن جمالي يميزه عن فنون الشعوب الاخرى .

فالجمالية عرفت بانها تعبر عن علم الجمال والنقد الفني الذي يعني بالفنون كافة ، وان اهميتها تكمن في التجربة حين تنحدر من التعبير الفني ، إذ نجد فناني المدرسة العراقية والايرانية تنبثق اعمالهم من نفس الفنان معبرين عن طبيعة الكون والحياة والانسان والوجود الآلهي باتخاذها وسيلة للاقتراب من جوهر الفن وصلته بالنشاط الانساني اجمع .
Analisis Pembelajaran Menyenangkan di Kelas 1 SDN Karangrejo 02 Semarang melaui Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Asih Nur Amalia Septi , Fajriyah Khusnul , Saputra Henry Januar
Published: August 2023

Learning in the independent curriculum is designed to suit the needs and environmental conditions, and is relevant to the current developments. Thus, it is important for us to find learning methods that can create a fun and interesting atmosphere for students in participating in the learning process. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing how far the transformation of fun learning can be carried out through the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in class 1 at SDN Karangrejo 02 Semarang. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and data collection from documents related to the implementation of learning with the Independent Curriculum. The collected data was analyzed through four stages, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, there were significant changes in learning practices after the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. The Merdeka curriculum enables students to learn through an active, creative and experience-based approach. The teacher encourages students to learn through exploration, experimentation, and discussion, so that students feel free to explore knowledge. Educational game integration is also carried out in learning to make it more fun and interesting. Although the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum faces challenges, such as preparing and developing materials suitable for this innovative learning approach, training and mentoring for teachers is considered important to help them implement this curriculum effectively. The hope is that the Merdeka Curriculum can form a generation that has a high interest in learning, developing creativity, and strong independence. With fun and student-centered learning, it is hoped that student achievement can increase.
Trauma em filhos de pais narcisistas
Authors: De Souza Ferreira Daniela
Published: August 2023

O artigo aborda o tema trauma em filhos de pais narcisistas, que tem como objetivo identificar o abuso narcisista na relação entre pais narcisistas e filhos e descrever o trauma como consequência na vida adulta da criança e do adolescente vítimas de abuso narcisista de forma prolongada. A metodologia da pesquisa adotada neste trabalho foi a da revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada através do uso de material acessível ao público geral, como livros e material disponível em rede eletrônica, sendo apresentada de forma agregada. Como resultado do estudo foi possível constatar que o abuso narcisista praticado por pais narcisistas aos filhos causa traumas, que podem repercutir a curto e a longo prazos, comprometendo a saúde física e a saúde mental de crianças e de adolescentes, refletindo também na vida adulta destas pessoas, uma vez que os filhos, enquanto criança se constrói através das imagens e das opiniões que os pais fazem deles, sendo incorporadas a sua forma de ser.
Palavras-Chave: Abuso narcisista. Pais. Filhos. Consequência. Trauma.
A aplicação das práticas restaurativas em causas envolvendo Violência Doméstica contra a Mulher como maneira de melhor garantir a sua dignidade e retomar o senso de coletividade.
Authors: De Freitas Osorio Soares Ana Carolina
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo, através do método dedutivo e da análise bibliográfica, demonstra que os números de denúncias de violência doméstica contra a mulher, mesmo após as novidades legislativas, só aumentam no Brasil, clareando o fato de que a Justiça da forma como é aplicada atualmente em nada tem solucionado a raiz do problema: a violência estrutural no nosso país.
 
A partir disso, indica-se que a Justiça Restaurativa, vista como um meio de retomar a dignidade da vítima, restaurar o suposto agressor e trazer a tona o senso de coletividade da comunidade, quando aplicada a casos de violência doméstica contra a mulher garante a sua dignidade é extremamente relevante e positivo, por dar voz a mulher (vítima), ao passo que ao clarear o senso de coletividade evidencia que a proteção da mulher é um dever de todos.
Violência Sexual e Revitimização
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Mariana
Published: August 2023

A violência sexual é um grave problema que atinge milhares de pessoas todos os anos em nosso país e no mundo, tendo sua etiologia associada a diferentes fatores. Dentre as principais vítimas estão nossas crianças e adolescentes, do sexo feminino e raça/etnia negra. As repercussões são diversas, tais como danos físicos, sexuais, psicológicos e até mesmo sociais, com manifestações que podem surgir a curto, médio e longo prazos. O atendimento desses casos exige de profissionais preparo e perfil, caso contrário, a revitimização e violência institucional podem ocorrer facilmente. Infelizmente, não há padronização em nosso país, apesar da existência da Lei 13.431 de 2017 e Lei 14.321 de 2022, muitos profissionais que atendem diretamente vítimas dessa modalidade tão grave de violência, ainda desconhecem a existência das mesmas.
papel da vítima no processo penal português
Authors: Marinho Conceição Carvalho Adão Paulo
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo procuraremos discorrer sobre a evolução do papel da vítima no direito e processo penal português, desde mero “objeto” a sujeito processual dotado de um conjunto vasto de direitos e a compatibilização de um sistema ainda centrado na relação Estado – arguido (garantias de defesa) com a afirmação de um princípio de presunção de vitimização.
Vítimas evitáveis
Authors: Prado Pires de Campos Ricardo
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar o problema dos acidentes de trânsito que resultam em milhares de vítimas anualmente. A partir de um estudo conduzido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde foram estabelecidos objetivos que cabiam aos países perseguir ao longo de uma década (2011-2020). A situação brasileira é analisada a partir do número de mortes e internações no período questionado, passando pelas causas dos eventos, os principais envolvidos, as medidas implantadas visando a alteração do quadro, com mudanças legislativas e administrativas, além de instrumentos para a reparação dos danos.
A TUTELA DOS DIREITOS DAS VÍTIMAS DE CRIME POR INTERMÉDIO DA ATUAÇÃO DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO
Authors: Seffrin da Silva Lech Camila
Published: August 2023

Este artigo possui como tema os direitos das vítimas de crime. O problema que está no cerne da pesquisa é: os direitos das vítimas de crime podem ser tutelados, ou não, por intermédio da atuação do Ministério Público? O estudo denota que, muito embora os direitos das vítimas de crimes encontrem previsão em documentos normativos, as vítimas por vezes não têm o devido reconhecimento, sendo relegadas a um papel secundário no sistema de justiça criminal. Assim, existe a necessidade da adequada tutela dos direitos das vítimas, que pode ser exercida por meio da atuação do Ministério Público. O método utilizado na pesquisa foi o método dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa adotada foi a técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Participation of vitamin D endocrine system in human fertility
Authors: Neyro José Luis
Published: August 2023

Interest is growing in the knowledge of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D in very different areas of pathology. In recent years, very different actions of vitamin D have been discovered. Far from being a simple vitamin, it is a hormonal complex that acts in very different parts of the body equipped with hormonal receptors for vitamin D. It controls more than 900 different genes making it. It represents up to 3% of the total human genome. There is a deficit in levels of 25 (OH)D in populations around the world, including young couples affected by fertility problems. In the field of infertility, it has shown beneficial actions on the evolution of polycystic ovary syndrome. It is capable of decreasing the growth of uterine fibroids and correlates well with anti-Mullerian hormone. It has also been shown to improve oocyte quality and the embryo implantation rate in assisted reproduction: Its adequate levels in pregnancy reduce the risk of gestational diabetes and improve perinatal outcomes: The objective of this manuscript is to review the most important aspects that relate to the endocrine system. of vitamin D with fertility and pregnancy.
Significance of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Modulating the Differentiation of Main T-Lymphocytes Populations in Patients with Infiltrative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Sanina A. E. , Serebryakova V. A. , Urazova O. I. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Stepanova E. P. , Kononova T. E.
Published: August 2023

The objective: to evaluate the modulating effect of the Notch signaling pathway on differentiation of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in vitro in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Subjects and Methods. 14 new patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in the study. Mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from blood by gradient centrifugation. Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the form of the CFP10-ESAT6 protein or together with Y-secretase inhibitor DAPT (5 μМ/l or 10 μМ/l) were added to the incubation medium. Cells were cultured for 72 h in a complete nutrient medium with 5% CO2 at 37°C. Counts of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry by evaluating the expression of CD4 receptor and intracellular transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3.

Results. Cell stimulation with the CFP10-ESAT6 protein was accompanied by increasing number of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes only in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid + rifampicin. Adding DAPT at the concentration of 10 μМ/L to the incubation medium in these patients led to the growing number of Th1 lymphocytes and decrease in Th2 lymphocytes. In pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were susceptible to isoniazid + rifampicin, only decrease in the number of Th2-lymphocytes was regeistered. In all groups of subjects, suppression of the Notch signaling pathway led increase in the Th1/Th2 index versus Th1/Th2 stimulated with CFP10-ESAT6 antigens.
Immediate and Postponed Results of Short-Course Chemotherapy Regimens Containing Bedaquiline in Tuberculosis Patients with Multiple Drug Resistance
Authors: Golubchikov P. N. , Petrenko T. I. , Schegertsov D. Yu. , Stepanova E. P. , Pravdina I. I. , Pershina I. Yu.
Published: August 2023

The objective: to evaluate immediate and postponed efficacy of MDR TB patients' treatment with short-course chemotherapy regimens.

Subjects and Methods. Efficacy and safety of treatment with short-course chemotherapy were evaluated in 42 MDR TB patients.

Results. 36 (85,7%) patients completed treatment successfully, 1 (2,4%) patient died of non-tuberculosis, and 5 (11,9%) patients defaulted from treatment. There were no such outcomes as treatment failure and died of TB. Over the 4-year follow-up period after successful treatment completion, tuberculosis relapse was detected in 1 (1,8%) patient. No adverse events that required chemotherapy discontinuation were reported, amendment of chemotherapy regimen was required in 7 (16,7%) patients.
Management of Adverse Events during Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Romanova M. I. , Vaniev E. V. , Churkin D. O. , Abramchenko A. V. , Gayda A. I. , Lovacheva O. V. , Samoylova A. G.
Published: August 2023

The article describes a clinical case of chemotherapy for drug susceptible rapidly progressive pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus taking glucocorticosteroids on regular basis. Due to adverse events that occurred when using the regimen of first line drugs, the patient discontinued taking first line drugs and was immediately switched to second line drugs. A timely decision to completely cancel the chemotherapy regimen with first line drugs that caused AE, the immediate start of the individual regimen (Bq, Lzd, Lfx, and Tzd) made it possible to cure pulmonary and bronchial tuberculosis in this patient. At the same time, data were obtained on the effective and safe use of tuberculosis treatment regimen (Bq, Lzd, Lfx, and Tzd) while taking GCS for SLE.
ÇİN’İN GRAND STRATEJİSİNDE AVUSTRALYA’NIN YERİ
Authors: KEYVAN Özlem Zerrin , TURAN İshak
Published: August 2023

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Avustralya ile Çin arasındaki ilişkiler Asya-Pasifik bölgesinin hem ekonomik kalkınması hem güvenliği ve istikrarı için önem taşımıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde yaşanan gelişmeler ve görülen değişimler doğrultusunda Avustralya önce iki Çin ardından da 1970’lerden itibaren tek Çin politikasını benimsemiştir. Avustralya ile Çin arasında ekonomik ve ticari bağların gelişmeyle birlikte, siyasi ve ideolojik çatışmanın yerini ikili ekonomik ve ticari çıkarlar almıştır. Ancak Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde özellikle Çin’in ekonomik gücünü daha da artırma kabiliyeti kazandığı DTÖ üyeliğiyle dış politikasında giderek sertleşmiştir. Çin’in Güney Çin Denizi’ndeki askeri genişlemesi ulusal güvenliğine tehdit olarak görmeye başlayan Avustralya, benzer şekilde güvenlik kaygıları taşıyan ABD’nin bölgede Çin’e karşı geliştirdiği dengeleme politikasına ve güvenlik paktlarına katılmaya hevesli olmuştur. Ancak yükselen Çin’in Avustralya’daki ekonomik kalkınmasında ciddi bir lokomotif görevi üstlenmesi, Avustralya dış politikasında Çin ile ABD arasında uzun süredir devam eden bir “ikiciliğe” neden olmaktadır. Özellikle Çin’in tarihsel dış politika anlayışını ve yeni dönemde artan askeri ve ekonomik gücüyle daha görünür olan “Grand Strategy” farkında olan Avustralya, güvenlikçi yaklaşımlar benimsemeye başlamıştır. Çin ile ekonomik olarak ilişkileri geliştirmek ve güvenlik açısından ABD ile ilişkisini güçlendirmek şeklinde hareket etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu makale, Çin’in Grand (Büyük) stratejisi çerçevesinde Avustralya'nın Çin ile mevcut diplomatik ilişkilerine derinlemesine bir bakış sunarak ilişkilerinin gidişatını belirleyebilecek faktörleri analiz etmektedir. Böylece iki ülke arasındaki gelecekteki olası senaryolar açıklığa kavuşmaktadır.
THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER ON ENERGY SECURITY
Authors: ŞEKER Burak Şakir
Published: August 2023

With the increase of globalization, the problem of a country is no longer limited within its own borders but has begun to affect other states as well. With this increasing globalization and population, the rising energy demand has also increased the tendency towards nuclear energy, but we can say that the desire for this nuclear power is an indisputable power demand for the states. The role of nuclear power in energy security is huge, because of the irresistible desire for this power. When security concerns come into play for the states, diplomatic negotiations may not be the only way. This is where the deterrence action comes into play, and the combination of nuclear power with the idea of deterrence is a golden trump card for the states. Furthermore, this trump is such a trump card that it is a deterrent force even against US, PRC and RF which are the hegemonic powers in today's world. In this study, the relation between being nuclear power and security to be analyzed, the concept of the security and the energy security to be discussed and the role of the nuclear deterrence to be explained within the history of the treaties.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS TAX PAYMENT: A SURVEY-BASED EVIDENCE FROM SADC COUNTRIES
Authors: IBRAHIM Mahat Maalim , KHAN Asad Ul Islam , KAPLAN Muhittin
Published: August 2023

Tax non-compliance and its consequences have become a subject of increasing interest in academic literature and economic forums worldwide. While most studies on this issue focus on developed countries, there is a growing trend to explore understudied developing countries. To fill this gap, we investigated tax evasion drivers in eight Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, using the round 7 Afrobarometer survey data conducted in 2019-2020. The survey's comprehensive coverage of economic, political, and sociological questions made it one of the most extensive surveys on the continent. We used logistic regression and Empirical Bayesian estimation and found that political legitimacy significantly influences tax evasion behavior in the SADC region. Individuals residing within the SADC are more likely to engage in tax evasion activities when they perceive a lack of access to fundamental services provided by their governments or harbor doubts about the legitimacy of political institutions. Therefore, policymakers in SADC member states should prioritize reviewing and evaluating economic policies, the performance and efficiency of political institutions, and more inclusive governance. We suggest that a strong and legitimate political framework, coupled with effective service delivery, can contribute to reducing tax evasion rates and enhancing public welfare outcomes. Institutional reforms, increased transparency, accountability, and a more inclusive governance system are necessary for fostering a culture of compliance and trust, leading to improved revenue collection.
NATIONAL HATE TOWARDS GLOBAL BRANDS
Authors: OMERAKI ÇEKİRDEKCİ Şahver , ERARSLAN Esra
Published: August 2023

Brand hate refers to a phenomenon in which consumers develop negative emotions and relationships towards brands. Given the empowerment of consumers on social media, the construct has increasingly attracted the attention of marketing scholars and practitioners. The objective of this paper is to explore how consumer generated content in social media platforms enable the development of brand hate. On February 6th, 2023, a devastating earthquake affected 10 provinces in Turkey leading to the death of more than 50000 citizens. While several institutions immediately started taking measures to help those in need, some brands remained silent on social media. This silence initiated consumers’ social media protest. Data was collected from the official social media accounts of two global brands, Starbucks and Netflix, and data was analyzed using sentiment analysis. The research findings advance current research on brand hate in several ways: the phenomenon is explored in the intersection of several antecedents, employing an emotional and relationship perspective, collecting data from a collectivistic culture, and using new data collection and analysis methods.