bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of clonal multicellular life cycles
Authors: Ress Vanessa , Traulsen Arne , Pichugin Yuriy
Published: September 2022

The evolution of multicellular life cycles is a central process in the course of the emergence of multicellularity. The simplest multicellular life cycle is comprised of the growth of the propagule into a colony and its fragmentation to give rise to new propagules. The majority of theoretical models assume selection among life cycles to be driven by internal properties of multicellular groups, resulting in growth competition. At the same time, the influence of interactions between groups on the evolution of life cycles is rarely even considered. Here, we present a model of colonial life cycle evolution taking into account group interactions. Our work shows that the outcome of evolution could be coexistence between multiple life cycles or that the outcome may depend on the initial state of the population – scenarios impossible without group interactions. At the same time, we found that some results of these simpler models remain relevant: evolutionary stable strategies in our model are restricted to binary fragmentation – the same class of life cycles that contains all evolutionarily optimal life cycles in the model without interactions. Our results demonstrate that while models neglecting interactions can capture short-term dynamics, they fall short in predicting the population-scale picture of evolution.
Decolonial methodology and reflexive wrestles of whiteness
Authors: Eriksen Kristin Gregers
Published: September 2022

This article explores some of the challenges encountered when being a white researcher engaged in research that aims at contributing to social justice for marginalized, indigenous and racialized people and perspectives. Drawing upon a combination of theoretical investigations and practical experiences made during the process of a PhD study, the author offers reflections on what implications taking on a decolonial perspective might have for how a white researcher can possibly approach questions of social and cognitive justice without reinscribing privilege or resorting to self-righteousness. Inspired by Pillow (2015), the author argues that in order to do this, reflexivity need not only be interpretive, but also genealogical, and allow for a “reflexivity of reflexivity”. Furthermore, it is argued that the decolonial stance brings self-reflexivity and ethics together through centring relations as key in accounting for positionality.
Regarding String: A Theory-Method-Praxis of/for Co-compos(t)ing Feminist Hope
Authors: Taylor Carol A. , Tobias-Green Karen , Sexton Julia , Healey Joan
Published: September 2022

This article explores string – what string does, makes possible, and makes happen –as lively matter in co-compos(t)ing human-nonhuman objects, bodies and space. Based on the happenings-doings-thinking generated from a recent workshop, and taking a line of flight with-from Haraway’s (2016) Staying with the Trouble, the article considers how string figuring co-compos(t)ings can work as a post-qualitative experimental feminist materialist/posthumanist research-creation practice which moves outside normative research methods. The article develops a stringly-thingly methodology to explore string figuring’s temporal and spatial possibilities, and propose a theorisation of ‘regard’ which works as a feminist materialist enactment of response-ability which makes better futures in the here-and-now become do-able and thinkable. The theory-method-praxis we propose is an orientation  of/for co-compos(t)ing feminist hope.
Proceso arbitral y facultad de imperio de los jueces árbitros a la luz del artículo 635 del Código de Procedimiento Civil
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Frías Ossandón Nicolás
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo contiene un informe en derecho sobre la extensión de alcance del inciso tercero del artículo 635 del Código de Procedimiento Civil relativo a la ejecución de las resoluciones judiciales dictadas por los jueces árbitros. Así, el artículo comienza ofreciendo un análisis histórico, normativo y jurisprudencial de la naturaleza del arbitraje voluntario en Chile, para luego realizar una exégesis del mencionado cuerpo normativo, arribando a conclusiones de índole práctico sobre la expresión normativa que se analiza.
Effect of Long Term Soil Test Crop Response Based Nutrient Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Physical Properties in a Vertisol
Authors: Bhayal Divya , Kulhare P. S. , Tagore G. S. , Upadhyay A. K. , Bhayal Lalita , Aakash .
Published: September 2022

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2020‒21 and 2021‒22 at the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur research field to find out the effect of long term soil test crop response based nutrient management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on physical properties in a Vertisol. The treatments details were T1; Control, T2; 120 N: 80 P2O5: 60 K2O kg ha-1, T3; Target yield 4.5 t ha-1, T4; Target yield 6.0 t ha-1, T5; Target yield 4.5 t + FYM 5 t ha-1, T6; Target yield 6.0 t + FYM 5 t ha-1 and carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The results indicated that the STCR based treatment with target yield 6.0 t ha-1 along with application of FYM 5 t ha-1 recorded lowest bulk density (1.31, 1.33 and 1.35 Mg m-3) and particle density  (2.62, 2.62 and 2.63 Mg m-3) at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth. The treatment with target yield 6.0 t ha-1 along with application of FYM 5 t ha-1 recorded highest porosity (50.07, 49.28 and 48.52 %) as well as water holding capacity (44.42, 40.16 and 37.44 %) at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth. The long term study based on STCR clearly demonstrated that balanced fertilizer application not only improved the physical properties of soil but also save the fertilizer without impairing soil health.
OmpA and Bap Genes as Virulence Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Oraiby Amira El Sayed El Bassiony , Mohamed Wesam Salah , Elbaradey Ghada Fouad , Elenain Amany Mohamed Abou , Badreldein Nagwa Mansour
Published: September 2022

Background: Multiple virulence genes involved in biofilm development by Acinetobacter Baumannii (A. baumannii) like ompA and bap genes. These genes may be analyzed to establish their relevance in biofilm formation or antibiotic resistance phenotypes. This research objects to study virulence genes involved in biofilm formation of A. baumannii to be taken in consideration in prophylactic approaches, treatment, and infection control program.

Methods: The prospective study contained 100 isolates including (sputum, endotracheal aspirate, pus from open wounds or open abscesses, mid-stream urine from non-catheterized subjects and catheter-stream urine in catheterized subjects, blood samples and body fluids) were collected from different ICUs. The BD Phoenix Automated System was used to identify the isolates and assess their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics. Biofilm formation was measured by microtiter plate for all isolates, then conventional PCR was done for detection of ompA and bap genes.

Results: The comparison of biofilm strength and MDR revealed significant variance among different groups (P<0.05). The presence or absence of OmpA and bap genes was associated with biofilm biomass (with a P value <0.001). Among the 100 A. baumannii isolates, both genes were found in 44 isolates (44%). The strains having both OmpA and Bap genes (27/27) produce stronger biofilms (100%) than those with just one gene only one gene only (P <0.001). The association among the presence of virulence genes and MDR status was measured. The genes encoding OmpA were found at a higher frequency in MDRAB than in non-MDRAB strains (P=0.014). Bap gene was found in 48/90 (53.3%) MDRAB isolates versus only 2/10 (20%) of non-MDRAB strains (P=0.046).

Conclusions: There is a significant association among MDR and the biofilm-forming ability of A. baumannii. Biofilm-related genes (ompA and bap) are connected with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains and affect the intensity of biofilm formation.
Developing The Children’s Rights-Based Classroom Scale
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ayşe , KALENDER Barış
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study was to develop the Children’s Rights-Based Classroom Scale. The participants of the study were comprised of 451 classroom teachers working at 12 primary schools in the Gaziantep province selected via cluster sampling method. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted for attaining the construct validity of the scale. The scale structure consisting of four factors and 21 items was obtained as a result of EFA. It was identified that these four factors explain 76.217 % of the total variance. Of the CFA fit indices, GFI(.90), AGFI(.87), SRMR(.060) and NFI(.94) were at acceptable levels, X2/sd (CMIN/DF) (1.354), CFI(.98), IFI(.98), RMSEA(.042), were at perfect fit levels. The Cronbach Alpha value for the total scale was calculated as .89. The Cronbach Alpha values for the sub-factors of the scale were calculated as .943, .905, .917 and .934 for protection-support-communication, participation, environmental arrangements and teaching-learning process respectively. It can be stated based on the findings of the present study that a valid and reliable scale has been developed that enables the multi-dimensional assessment of the children’s rights-based structure of primary school classrooms.
Strengthening Primary Care to Improve Health Outcomes in the US—Creating Oversight to Address Invisibility
Authors: Hughes Lauren S. , Cohen Deborah J. , Phillips Robert L.
Published: September 2022

This Viewpoint discusses how the lack of a comprehensive national primary care approach creates gaps and confusion in federal policy and proposes solutions.
Climate Change Policy
Authors: Bailey Ian
Published: September 2022

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the twenty‐first century and has become the subject of intensive political and policy attention. A range of debates and contributions made by geographical research to understanding and shaping climate change policy is examined. The examination begins with a discussion of debates on the definitions, geographical properties, and goals of mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damages policies. An investigation into developments in climate change policy at the international, national, and local levels over the past 30 years follows, with an exploration into the concept of transnational climate governance and the emergence of multiactor and polycentric approaches to climate policy. A discussion on the role of carbon markets in climate change policy follows, examining their practical performance and conceptual debates on the use of market‐based approaches to promote effective and equitable mitigation of, and adaptation to the effects of, climate change. Finally, avenues for future research by geographers and other social scientists are identified, where particular emphasis is placed on the implications of the climate justice and climate emergency agendas for climate change policy.
Comparison of anatomically informed class solution template trajectories with patient‐specific trajectories for stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Lincoln John David , MacDonald Robert Lee , Little Brian , Syme Alasdair , Thomas Christopher Grant
Published: September 2022

Class solution template trajectories are used clinically for efficiency, safety, and reproducibility. The aim was to develop class solutions for single cranial metastases radiotherapy/radiosurgery based on intracranial target positioning and compare to patient‐specific trajectories in the context of 4π optimization. Template trajectories were constructed based on the open‐source Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) average brain. The MNI brain was populated with evenly spaced spherical target volumes (2 cm diameter, N = 243) and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) were identified. Template trajectories were generated for six anatomical regions (frontal, medial, and posterior, each with laterality dependence) based on previously published 4π optimization methods. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans generated using anatomically informed template 4π trajectories and patientspecific 4π trajectories were compared against VMAT plans from a standard four‐arc template. Four‐arc optimization techniques were compared to the standard VMAT template by placing three spherical targets in each of six anatomical regions of a test patient. This yielded 54 plans to compare various plan quality metrics. Increasing plan technique complexity, the total number of OAR maximum dose reductions compared to the standard arc template for the 6 anatomical classes was 4+/−2 (OFIXEDc) and 7+/−2 (OFIXEDi). In 65.6% of all cases, optimized fixed‐couch positions outperformed the standard‐arc template. Of the three comparisons, the most complex (OFIXEDi) showed the greatest statistical significance compared to the least complex (VMATi) across 12 plan quality metrics of maximum dose to each OAR, V12Gy, total plan Monitor Units, conformity index, and gradient index (p < 0.00417). In approximately 70% of all cases, 4π optimization methods outperformed the standard‐arc template in terms of maximum dose reduction to OAR, by exclusively changing the arc geometry. We conclude that a tradeoff exists between complexity of a class solution methodology compared to patient‐specific methods for arc selection, in the context of plan quality improvement.
Manganese‐Based Nanozymes: Preparation, Catalytic Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tang Minglu , Zhang Zhaocong , Sun Tiedong , Li Bin , Wu Zhiguang
Published: September 2022

Manganese (Mn) has attracted widespread attention due to its low‐cost, nontoxicity, and valence‐rich transition. Various Mn‐based nanomaterials have sprung up and are employed in diverse fields, particularly Mn‐based nanozymes, which combine the physicochemical properties of Mn‐based nanomaterials with the catalytic activity of natural enzymes, and are attracting a surge of research, especially in the field of biomedical research. In this review, the typical preparation strategies, catalytic mechanisms, advances and perspectives of Mn‐based nanozymes for biomedical applications are systematically summarized. The application of Mn‐based nanozymes in tumor therapy and sensing detection, together with an overview of their mechanism of action is highlighted. Finally, the prospective directions of Mn‐based nanozymes from five perspectives: innovation, activity enhancement, selectivity, biocompatibility, and application broadening are discussed.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of the Apis mellifera Honeycomb Construction by 4D X‐ray Microscopy
Authors: Franklin Rahul , Niverty Sridhar , Harpur Brock A. , Chawla Nikhilesh
Published: September 2022

Honeycomb is one of nature's best engineered structures. Even though it has inspired several modern engineering structures, an understanding of the process by which the hexagonal cells are formed in 3D space is lacking. Previous studies on the structure of the honeycomb are based on either 2D microscopy or by direct visual observations. As a result, several critical features of its microstructure and the precise mechanisms of its growth are not well understood. Using 4D X‐ray microscopy, this study shows how individual and groups of honeycomb cells are formed. Cells grow additively from a corrugated central spine in a dynamic manner. The previously undocumented, corrugated spine contributes significantly to the comb's robust mechanical properties in all three dimensions. As cells grow, honey bees create a “coping,” which this study shows to be the location where new wax material is deposited behind where compaction and densification take place. This is exemplified by pores in the wax observed at the coping and alternating rear junctions between the comb cells that arise from the additive building technique and the highly efficient cell packing methodology, respectively. Additional mechanisms for growth and formation are discussed and described.
Morphology‐Control Growth of Graphene Islands by Nonlinear Carbon Supply
Authors: Li Junzhu , Samad Abdus , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Tian Bo , Lanza Mario , Zhang Xixiang
Published: September 2022

Controlling the morphology of graphene and other 2D materials in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth is crucial because the morphology reflects the crystal quality of as‐synthesized nanomaterials in a certain way, and consequently it indirectly represents the physical properties of 2D materials such as bandgap, selective ion transportation, and impermeability. However, precise control of the morphology is limited by the complex formation mechanism and sensitive growth‐environment factors of graphene. Therefore, the CVD synthesis of single‐crystal hexagonal‐shaped graphene islands with specific sizes is challenging. Herein, an unconventional nonlinear‐carbon‐supply growth strategy is proposed to realize controllable CVD growth of desired hexagonal graphene islands with specific sizes on Cu substrates. Large‐area graphene films of isolated islands with desired densities, sizes, and distances between the islands are successfully synthesized. Subsequently, the direct growth of a planar‐tunnel‐junction structure based on two parallel gapped graphene islands is achieved by specific adjustment of the growth and etching processes of graphene CVD synthesis. It is therefore demonstrated that the nonlinear‐carbon‐supply growth strategy is a reliable method for the synthesis of high‐quality graphene and can facilitate the direct growth of graphene‐based nanodevices in the future.
Phenotypic variability in RERE‐related disorders and the first report of an inherited variant
Authors: Niehaus Annie D. , Kim Jenny , Manning Melanie A.
Published: September 2022

RERE‐related disorders, also known as Neurodevelopmental Disorders with or without Anomalies of the Brain, Eye, or Heart (NEDBEH), are caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the arginine‐glutamic acid dipeptide repeats gene (RERE). Up‐to‐date, 20 cases have been reported with the core characteristics of developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. Here, we describe three additional cases. In the first case, the patient was found to have a previously reported de novo missense variant; her clinical findings of global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, vision abnormalities, musculoskeletal anomalies, dysmorphic facial features, and a congenital heart defect strengthen existing genotype–phenotype correlations. We also describe the first inherited variant in RERE, found in a patient (case 2) with developmental delay, autism, and hyperopia and his mother (case 3) with ADHD, myopia, and history of mild speech delay. Lastly, by summarizing the clinical features presented in the 23 cases now reported, we provide an updated review of the literature.
Pseudocapacitive Features of Freestanding Nickel‐Zinc Organometallic Nanostructure for High‐energy Density Coin‐cell Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Zeng Jie , Devarayapalli Kamakshaiah Charyulu , Li Changping , Vattikuti S. V. Prabhakar , Shim Jaesool
Published: September 2022

Binder‐free two‐dimensional mesh‐like structure of nickel‐zinc metal‐organic framework on in‐situ‐coated carbon cloth (Ni−Zn MOF/CC) and Ni−Zn MOF powder were developed via a solvo‐hydrothermal reaction for electrochemical storage application. The electrochemical properties of these electrodes show that the electrodes self‐assembled on carbon cloth substrates exhibit remarkably excellent performance. The Ni−Zn MOF/CC electrode exhibited a capacitance of 653.54 F/g at 1 A/g through a capacity retaining of 87.65% after 10000 cycles. Furthermore, the Ni−Zn MOF//AC coin‐cell asymmetric supercapacitor device (CASD) exhibited remarkable energy and power densities of 54.31 Wh/kg and 825 W/kg, respectively, with adequate capacitance retention up to 94.63% over 5000 cycles at 1.5 V. The CASD also exhibited a significant power density of 4950 W/kg at 19.67 W h/kg, which suggests that these in‐situ developed MOF‐based electrodes may discover application in energy storage devices.
Replication study for ADOS‐2 cut‐offs to assist evaluation of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hong Ji Su , Singh Vini , Kalb Luke , Reetzke Rachel , Ludwig Natasha N. , Pfeiffer Danika , Holingue Calliope , Menon Deepa , Lu Qing , Ashkar Ahlam , Landa Rebecca
Published: September 2022

The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2) has been widely used for ASD assessment. While prior studies investigated sensitivity and specificity of ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3, there has been limited research addressing algorithm cut‐off scores to optimize ADOS‐2 classification. The goal of this study was to assess algorithm cut‐off scores for diagnosing ASD with Modules 1–3, and to evaluate alignment of the ADOS‐2 classification with the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Participants included 3144 children aged 31 months or older who received ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3, as well as the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Five classification statistics were reported for each module: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy (i.e., Receiver Operator Classification Statistic), and these statistics were calculated for the optimal cut‐off score. Frequency tables were used to compare ADOS‐2 classification and the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Half of the sample received Module 3, 21% received Module 2, and 29% received Module 1. The overall prevalence of ASD was 60%; the male‐to‐female ratio was 4:1, and half of the sample was non‐White. Across all modules, the autism spectrum cut‐off score from the ADOS‐2 manual resulted in high sensitivity (95%+) and low specificity (63%–73%). The autism cut‐off score resulted in better specificity (76%–86%) with favorable sensitivity (81%–94%). The optimal cut‐off scores for all modules based on the current sample were within the autism spectrum classification range except Module 2 Algorithm 2. In the No ASD group, 29% had false positives (ADOS‐2 autism spectrum classification or autism classification). The ADOS‐2 autism spectrum classification did not indicate directionality for diagnostic outcome (ASD 56% vs. No ASD 44%). While cut‐off scores of ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3 in the manual yielded good clinical utility in ASD assessment, false positives and low predictability of the autism spectrum classification remain challenging for clinicians.
The buried gems of disease tolerance in animals: Evolutionary and interspecies comparative approaches
Authors: Hawash Mohamed B. F. , El‐deeb Mohamed A. , Gaber Rahma , Morsy Kareem S.
Published: September 2022

Host defense mechanisms are categorized into different strategies, namely, avoidance, resistance and tolerance. Resistance encompasses mechanisms that directly kill the pathogen while tolerance is mainly concerned with alleviating the harsh consequences of the infection regardless of the pathogen burden. Resistance is well‐known strategy in immunology while tolerance is relatively new. Studies addressed tolerance mainly using mouse models revealing a wide range of interesting tolerance mechanisms. Herein, we aim to emphasize on the interspecies comparative approaches to explore potential new mechanisms of disease tolerance. We will discuss mechanisms of tolerance with focus on those that were revealed using comparative study designs of mammals followed by summarizing the reasons for adopting comparative approaches on disease tolerance studies. Disease tolerance is a relatively new concept in immunology, we believe combining comparative studies with model organism study designs will enhance our understanding to tolerance and unveil new mechanisms of tolerance.
From genetics to biotechnology: Synthetic biology as a flexible course‐embedded research experience
Authors: Johnson Kristen C. , Sabel Jaime L. , Cole Judith , Pruett Christin L. , Plymale Ruth , Reyna Nathan S.
Published: September 2022

The need for changing how science is taught and the expansion of undergraduate research experiences is essential to foster critical thinking in the Natural Sciences. Most faculty research programs only involve a small number of upper‐level undergraduate students each semester. The course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE) model enables more students to take ownership over an independent project and experience authentic research. Further, by creating projects that fit into a curriculum's learning goals and student‐oriented outcomes, departments help strengthen critical thinking skills in the classroom. Here, we report on the incorporation of a synthetic biology CURE into a mid‐level cellular biology course and two advanced level genetics/molecular biology courses. Synthetic biology involves systematic engineering of novel organisms, such as bacteria and plants, to work as functional devices to solve problems in medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing. The value of synthetic biology and its ultimate utility as a teaching tool relies on reusable, standard genetic parts that can be interchanged using common genetic engineering principles. This Synthetic biology CURE effectively achieves five essential goals: (1) a sense of project ownership; (2) self‐efficacy: mastery of a manageable number of techniques; (3) increased tolerance for obstacles through challenging research; (4) increased communication skills; and (5) a sense of belonging in a larger scientific community. Based upon our student assessment data, we demonstrate that this course‐based synthetic biology laboratory engages students directly in an authentic research experience and models important elements of collaboration, discovery, iteration, and critical thinking.
Retrograde approach for rewiring a jailed side branch during double kissing crush stenting
Authors: Chami Tarek , Mahowald Madeline K. , Brilakis Emmanouil
Published: September 2022

Double kissing crush (DK crush) is one of the preferred strategies for bifurcation stenting due to the lower risk of target vessel failure but can be difficult to perform. Difficulty in wiring the jailed side branch after stenting the main vessel is not uncommon. The retrograde crossing can provide a solution in selected cases when antegrade rewiring of a jailed side branch fails during DK crush (or other bifurcation stenting techniques).
Semi‐quantification of binary saline solutions by Raman spectroscopy: Implications for Europa
Authors: Manrique Jose Antonio , Veneranda Marco , Merino‐Lomas Yaiza , Rull Fernando , Charro Elena , Gonzalez Manuel A. , Lopez Jose Manuel , Gutiez Eduardo Rodríguez , Sanz‐Arranz Jose Aurelio , Maurice Sylvestre , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo
Published: September 2022

The Europa lander is a concept for a potential future planetary exploration mission which purpose is to characterize the icy shell of Europa and to search for organics. To achieve this objective, the current concept of the lander includes a Raman spectrometer, such as RLS instrument, that could be able to analyze (sub) surface targets in their solid and liquid form. Knowing that ice and brines of Europa are potentially enriched by sulfate and chlorides, this work seeks to evaluate if Raman spectroscopy could be used to semi quantify the saline content of water solutions using space‐like instrumentation. To do so, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were used to prepare three sets of water solutions. Raman analyses were then performed by the laboratory simulator of the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS), which has been defined as the threshold system for the Europa Lander. After data analysis, two different semi‐quantification approaches were tested, and their results compared. Although univariate calibration curves proved to successfully quantify the content of SO42− and Cl− anions dissolved in mono‐analyte water solutions, this strategy provided very poor results when applied to binary saline mixtures. Overcoming this issue, the non‐linearity prediction ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in combination with bandfitting allows to successfully resolve the complexity of the vibrational perturbation suffered by the OH region, which is caused by the cross interaction of H2O molecules with different anions.
Swiss knife covariates selection: A unified algorithm for covariates selection in single block, multiblock, multiway, multiway multiblock cases including multiple responses
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Liland Kristian Hovde , Indahl Ulf Geir
Published: September 2022

A novel unified covariates selection algorithm called Swiss knife covariates selection (SKCovSel) is presented. It is suitable for selecting covariates in a wide range of data scenarios such as a single two‐way data block, two‐way multiblock, multiway, multiway multiblock, selection of covariates along different modes for multiway data blocks and for selecting covariates for all mentioned cases in multiple response scenarios. In the multiblock case, the method can be scale and data block order‐independent depending on the preference of the user. For multiway scenarios, the method can be multiway mode order independent, depending on the preference of the user. The proposed SKCovSel algorithm generalises the recent speed improvements from faster CovSel to all mentioned data block cases. It also reformulates the multiway case to do proper deflation and rank one slab selections. Particularly, for modelling of multiblock data sets, the SKCovSel follows the “winner takes all” strategy of the stepwise response‐oriented sequential alternation modelling. In the case of multiway data, the SKCovSel strategy considers multiway loading weights after decomposition of a high‐dimensional squared covariance matrix to select features across different modes. The algorithmic steps of the methods are presented, and cases of modelling different data types such as single block, multiblock, multiway multiblock, modes selection for multiway data and multiple responses modelling are shown. The method incorporates all popular covariates selection algorithms existing in the chemometric literature.
Conventional and transgenic herbicide‐resistant soybean cultivars yielded similarly across five site‐years in Nebraska
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Arneson Nicholas J. , Spicka Steve , Glewen Keith , Proctor Christopher A. , Werle Rodrigo
Published: September 2022

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Moench.] yield is determined by interactions amongst soybean cultivars’ genetic potential, agronomic practices, and environmental conditions. Despite the high adoption of herbicide‐resistant soybean cultivars across Nebraska and the United States, the comparative yield potential of non‐herbicide‐resistant (“conventional”) cultivars in not well understood. A field experiment was conducted at five locations across Nebraska in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of row spacing (15 and 30 in), cultivar maturity group (2.2–2.4 and 3.2), and herbicide resistance traits (conventional, glyphosate‐resistant, and glyphosate‐ and dicamba‐resistant) on soybean yield. Narrow row spacing increased the soybean yield in three of five research locations. The soybean yield in Auburn in 2017, Albion in 2018, and Cedar Bluffs in 2018 increased by 11.9, 10.2, and 11.4% in narrow compared with wide rows, respectively. Cultivar maturity group and herbicide resistance traits did not affect soybean yield under weed‐free experimental conditions. These results suggest that growers could benefit from earlier maturity groups, as they provide an opportunity for earlier harvest, allowing growers to better spread their field activities in the fall. The grain yield potential was similar between conventional and transgenic herbicide‐resistant cultivars. Therefore, conventional soybean cultivars can be a viable option when adequate weed management can be achieved through conventional weed management strategies.
Fast Treatment of Food Waste Utilizing a Smart Food Recycle Bin (S‐FRB)
Authors: Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Bagus Priyambada Ika , Purwono Purwono
Published: September 2022

Food waste treatment technology should be simple to maintain, quick, economical, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. This research aims to accelerate food waste treatment and produce high‐quality fertilizer using a smart food recycling bin (S‐FRB). S‐FRB is a portable household‐appropriate technology, consisting of a semiautomatic chopper, stirrer, and drying unit. In this smart bin, a highest matrix temperature of 57 °C can be achieved. To start compost production, addition of a combination including a bioactivator (16 g) + dolomite lime (1 g) + bulking agent to the food waste in a ratio of 70:30, v/v is needed. During utilization, the water content decreases from 78.94% to 30% in 7 days, and the pH matrix turns from initially 7.5 to 8.0. Compost produced from food waste using the S‐FRB has matured within 7 days and meets quality standards of SNI 19‐7030‐2004. The produced compost has 18.41% C‐organic, 1.23–1.63% total N, smells like soil, and is black. The used combination of bulking agent/bioactivator/lime is effective for processing food waste into compost. The S‐FRB system is a practical way to solve the problem of recycling food waste into compost without having to be taken to a final processing plant.
A design‐oriented approach for managing colored light sources in lighting design software
Authors: Rossi Maurizio
Published: September 2022

In the last decade, the extensive introduction of LED lighting sources has brought elements of innovation to interior lighting design in terms of color. Besides the new tunable white LED source, lighting is no longer exclusively white; indeed, colored lighting has entered the design practice thanks to the positive effects on people's health and mood. Unfortunately, this element of lighting innovation, color, cannot be computed correctly in commercial lighting design software. These computations are based on the assumption that light is only white or defined in terms of RGB triplets in the relative digital color space of computer graphics, which does not have a physically correct relationship with the actual spectral power distribution (SPD) of luminaires. In this paper, attention is focused on a practical design‐oriented approach for describing luminaires in lighting design software that also considers the real SPD and the luminous intensity distribution. The focus is on information available to lighting designers who do not have a laboratory to measure light sources and luminaires. This information could be available in online datasheets or as a Cartesian graph from luminaires and light sources manufacturers. Following this approach, a set of functions is proposed that can be easily implemented in lighting design software to improve light sources' color management and allow lighting designers to add SPD data to luminaires.
Towards a sustainability management tool for food manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises—Insights from a Delphi study
Authors: Küchler Rebekka , Nicolai Birte Maja , Herzig Christian
Published: September 2022

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for a sustainable development of the food sector. Common tools to manage and improve business sustainability are not applied widely amongst food manufacturing SMEs yet. Therefore, this paper derives important aspects to consider for an SME‐suitable tool, based on an extract from a Delphi study. By conducting qualitative analysis of expert opinions, light is shed on needed initial requirements of a sustainability management tool for SMEs to use it. Furthermore, important conditions to create credibility are elaborated on, which can increase the application value of a sustainability management tool for SMEs. The different aspects hint at a sustainability management tool integrating not only sustainability assessment but also reporting and certification. With regard to content, the present paper recommends application of sustainability management tools for food manufacturing SMEs that take a holistic view on sustainability, including not solely the environmental but also social, economic and governance dimensions. The aspects explored through the present research lay a foundation for the development of a sustainability management tool for food manufacturing SMEs and can assist practitioners and researchers.
GLP‐1 receptor agonist use during hospitalisation: Better glycaemic control compared to premixed insulin
Authors: Jervis Morgan , Mitchell Antonine Pineau , Islam Nafseen , Mustafa Omar G. , Kelly Philip A. , Whyte Martin B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Glycaemic control associates with better outcomes for hospitalised patients. Whether GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) are suitable and effective drugs for inpatients is unclear.

Methods

A retrospective, single centre, observational study using data from the electronic health record. Patients admitted using GLP‐1 RA as outpatients, from 2016 to 2019, were identified. Outcomes were compared to those admitted using twice‐daily (BD) mixed insulin. Capillary glucose, medication use, creatinine, and demographic data were collected. As drugs may be discontinued/not administered in hospital, days when GLP‐1 RA was administered were ‘GLP‐1 RA active’ and, for insulin, ‘insulin active’. The primary comparison was rate of hypoglycaemia (<4 mmol/L) and severe hypoglycaemia (<3 mmol/L). A logistic regression model examined variables for hypoglycaemia.

Results

GLP‐1 RA comprised n = 262 admissions and BD insulin n = 166. The ‘insulin active’ cohort (n = 957 patient days) had higher risk of hypoglycaemia than ‘GLP‐1 RA active’ (n = 806 days); occurring on 14.7% of days; 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.6–17.1 versus 9.9% days; 95% CI 8.0–12.2; p = 0.002, and severe hypoglycaemia 4.0% of days (95% CI 2.8–5.4) versus 2.0% (95% CI 1.1%–3.2%; p = 0.005). Daily glucose (mean ± standard deviation) was 10.8 ± 5.2 mmol/L in insulin active versus 9.6 ± 4.7 mmol/L in GLP‐1 RA active; p < 0.001. Insulin use, age, and acute admissions predicted hypoglycaemia. The odds ratio for hypoglycaemia was 2.15 times greater (95% CI, 1.14–4.08; p = 0.019) with insulin than with GLP‐1 RA.

Conclusions

GLP‐1 RA provided better glycaemic control than BD mixed insulin and should be continued during hospitalisation unless there is a clear indication for cessation.
An all‐at‐once algebraic multigrid method for finite element discretizations of Stokes problem
Authors: Bacq Pierre‐Loïc , Gounand Stéphane , Napov Artem , Notay Yvan
Published: September 2022

We consider numerical solution of finite element discretizations of the Stokes problem. We focus on the transform‐then‐solve approach, which amounts to first apply a specific algebraic transformation to the linear system of equations arising from the discretization, and then solve the transformed system with an algebraic multigrid method. The approach has recently been applied to finite difference discretizations of the Stokes problem with constant viscosity, and has recommended itself as a robust and competitive solution method. In this work, we examine the extension of the approach to standard finite element discretizations of the Stokes problem, including problems with variable viscosity. The extension relies, on one hand, on the use of the successive over‐relaxation method as a multigrid smoother for some finite element schemes. On the other hand, we present strategies that allow us to limit the complexity increase induced by the transformation. Numerical experiments show that for stationary problems our method is competitive compared to a reference solver based on a block diagonal preconditioner and MINRES, and suggest that the transform‐then‐solve approach is also more robust. In particular, for problems with variable viscosity, the transform‐then‐solve approach demonstrates significant speed‐up with respect to the block diagonal preconditioner. The method is also particularly robust for time‐dependent problems whatever the time step size.
Functional brain connectivity during exposure to the scale and color of interior built environments
Authors: Bower Isabella S. , Hill Aron T. , Enticott Peter G.
Published: September 2022

Understanding brain activity linked to built environment exposure is important, as it may affect underlying cognitive, perceptual, and emotional processes, which have a critical influence in our daily life. As our time spent inside buildings is rising, and mental health problems have become more prevalent, it is important we investigate how design characteristics of the built environment impact brain function. In this study, we utilized electroencephalography to understand whether the design elements of scale and color of interior built environments modulate functional brain connectivity (i.e., brain network communication). Using a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment, while controlling indoor environmental quality responsible for physiological comfort, healthy adult participants aged 18–55 years (66 for scale, subset of 18 for color), were exposed to context‐neutral indoor room scenes presented for two‐minutes each. Our results show that both enlarging and reducing scale enhanced theta connectivity across the left temporoparietal region and right frontal region. We also found when reducing the built environment scale, there was a network exhibiting greater high‐gamma connectivity, over the right frontoparietal region. For color, the condition (blue) contrasted to our achromatic control (white) increased theta connectivity in the frontal hemispheres. These findings identify a link between theta and gamma oscillations during exposure to the scale and color of the built environment, showing that design characteristics of the built environment could affect our cognitive processes and mental health. This suggests that, through the design of buildings, we may be able to mediate performance and health outcomes, which could lead to major health and economic benefits for society.
Multi‐institutional review of sinonasal and skull base chondrosarcoma: 20‐year experience
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Harris Jacob C. , Civantos Alyssa , Brody Robert M. , Lee John Y. K. , Alonso‐Basanta Michelle , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Wang Beverly Y. , Kuan Edward C. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Chondrosarcomas of the sinonasal cavity and skull base are uncommon malignancies. We sought to provide long‐term outcomes at two tertiary care centers.

Methods

Patients with chondrosarcoma treated between 2000 and 2021 were included. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results

Thirty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria. Fourteen patients had sinonasal (36.8%), 7 petroclival (18.4%), and 17 other primary skull base lesions (44.7%). Twenty‐eight patients (73.7%) underwent radiation with an average dose of 67.3 ± 15.1 Gy. Eighteen patients (47.4%) required revision surgery for recurrence. 1, 5, and 10‐year OS were 97.3%, 93.1%, and 74.7%. DSS at 5‐ and 10‐year survival was 95.7%. Adjuvant radiation was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.75, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

We present our experience over the last 20 years treating chondrosarcomas. Favorable survival outcomes can be achieved but recurrence requiring repeat resection is common.
Mortality in patients with end‐stage liver disease above model for end‐stage liver disease 3.0 of 40
Authors: Kim W. Ray , Mannalithara Ajitha , Kwo Paul Y. , Bonham C. Andrew , Kwong Allison
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:

Since the implementation of the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score to determine waitlist priority for liver transplant (LT) in 2002, the score has been capped at 40. Recently, the MELD 3.0 score was proposed to improve upon MELD‐Na. Here, we examine waitlist mortality and LT outcomes in patients with MELD 3.0 ≥ 40 to assess the potential impact of uncapping the score.

Approach and Results:

Adult waitlist registrations for LT from January 2016 to December 2021 were identified in the registry data from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network. All MELD 3.0 scores were calculated at registration and thereafter. Waitlist mortality for up to 30 days was calculated as well as post‐LT survival. There were 54,060 new waitlist registrations during the study period, of whom 2820 (5.2%) had MELD 3.0 ≥ 40 at listing. The 30‐day waitlist mortality was high in these patients, yet it increased further in proportion with MELD 3.0 up to a score of 55 with 30‐day mortality of 58.3% for MELD 3.0 of 40–44 and 82.4% for ≥50. The multivariable hazard ratio was 1.13 for each point of MELD 3.0, adjusting for several variables including acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. The number of LT recipients with MELD 40 at transplant increased from 155 in 2002 to 752 in 2021. Posttransplant survival was comparable across MELD strata including MELD of 35–39.

Conclusion:

MELD 3.0 scores beyond 40 are associated with increasing waitlist mortality without adversely affecting posttransplant outcome. Uncapping the MELD score in waitlist candidates may lead to greater survival benefit from LT.
Managing by values in healthcare: Development and validation of the health care values inventory measurement scale
Authors: Salas‐Vallina Andrés , Gil‐Bort Fernando , Fernandez‐Guerrero Rafael
Published: September 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to conceptualise and develop the Health Care Values Inventory (HEVAIN). For this purpose, we first explore key organizational values at different levels of the organisation. Then, we propose and validate a measurement scale based on the Triaxial system of values, which is represented by three axes, including ethical‐social values, practical values (economic‐pragmatic) and poietic (emotional).

Methods

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to check the validity of the proposed measurement scale.

Results

Using a sample of 535 employees from a semipublic healthcare organisation, the results showed that the HEVAIN measurement scale loaded satisfactorily onto three factors, and overcame the psychometric properties of dimensionality, reliability and validity.

Conclusion

This research offers a new measurement scale to capture organizational values in healthcare organisations. This new tool provides both scholars and healthcare managers with an instrument to diagnose and manage organizational values, which gives key information to develop sustained competitive advantages.
Fine‐tuning the encapsulation of a photosensitizer in nanoparticles reveals the relationship between internal structure and phototherapeutic effects
Authors: Kubota Fumika , Satrialdi  , Takano Yuta , Maeki Masatoshi , Tokeshi Manabu , Harashima Hideyoshi , Yamada Yuma
Published: September 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer therapy that uses a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen molecules. Since singlet oxygen is highly reactive, it is important to deliver it to the target site. Thus, an efficient drug delivery system (DDS) is essential for enhancing the efficacy of such a treatment and protecting against the side effects of PDT. Here, we report on attempts to increase the therapeutic effect of PDT by using a DDS, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). We prepared a porphyrin analog, rTPA (PS) that was encapsulated in LNPs using a microfluidic device. The findings indicated that the internal structure of the prepared particles changed depending on the amount of rTPA in LNPs. The photoactivity and cell‐killing effect of PS in LNPs also changed when the amount of the cargo increased. These results suggest that the internal structure of LNPs is important factors that affect drug efficacy.