bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinderzahl und Migrationshintergrund - ein Vergleich zwischen Frauen türkischer Herkunft mit oder ohne eigene Wanderungserfahrung sowie Frauen ohne Migrationshintergrund in Westdeutschland
Authors: Naderi Robert
Published: July 2016

Number of children and migration background The fertility of women of Turkish origin significantly differs from German women’s fertility. Thus, the basic question is which factors may lead to the fact that the former’s fertility behavior starts to converge to that of women without migration background. Based on comparative analyses of the German Microcensus 2012, this article presents findings with regard to the number of children born to a) women with a Turkish migration background and b) women without migration background, both belonging to the same age group that was born between 1963 and 1977. The analyses take into account: a) having migration experience of one’s own, b) duration of living in Germany, c) educational attainment, d) employment status, and e) partnership status. The results indicate that a differentiation with regard to both migration experience and duration of living in Germany, interacting with the level of education, is essential. Highly educated women with Turkish roots born in Germany display a parity that is similar to the parity of equally highly educated women not having a migration background. When comparing women of the subgroups who have lower levels of education in common, the differences in fertility do persist.

Zusammenfassung

Die Fertilität von Frauen mit türkischer Herkunft und deutschen Frauen unterscheidet sich deutlich voneinander. Die grundlegende Frage lautet dabei, welche Faktoren dazu führen, dass sich das Fertilitätsverhalten an das der Frauen ohne Migrationshintergrund annähert. Hierzu werden in diesem Beitrag Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Analyse des Mikrozensus 2012 zur Kinderzahl von Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund und Frauen gleicher Jahrgänge (1963 bis 1977) ohne Migrationshintergrund präsentiert. Die Analysen berücksichtigen die eigene Wanderungserfahrung, Aufenthaltsdauer, den Bildungsstand, Erwerbstätigkeit und die Partnerschaft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Differenzierung nach eigener Migrationserfahrung sowie Aufenthaltsdauer im Zusammenspiel mit dem Bildungsstand wesentlich sind. Wenn in Deutschland geborene Frauen mit türkischen Wurzeln einen hohen Bildungsstand aufweisen, sind die Paritäten vergleichbar mit denen von gleich hoch gebildeten Frauen ohne Migrationshintergrund. Bei Betrachtung niedrigerer Bildungsabschlüsse bleiben die Unterschiede bestehen.
Subverting Justice: Socio-Legal Determinants of Impunity for Violence against Women in Guatemala
Authors: Menjívar Cecilia , Walsh Shannon
Published: July 2016

High levels of violence against women and impunity in Guatemala have reached crisis proportions and have received increased international attention in recent years. The phenomenon of feminicide (e.g., killings of women in the context of state impunity), is widespread in Latin America and particularly acute in Guatemala. Many (if not the majority) are rooted in violence that becomes concentrated in the family. In this paper, we propose that both the structure and application of the laws in Guatemala contribute to widespread impunity. Police and judges use laws other than those created to address violence against women in order to justify lack of enforcement. For example, judges resist issuing restraining orders, and police refuse to apply them because this can violate perpetrators’ property rights. Judges also refuse to apply domestic violence laws because this violates the principle of equality under the law. Women refuse to use the legal system to seek justice because alimony laws will not be enforced and women are economically dependent. The discriminatory fashion in which these laws are applied leads to widespread impunity. Even though laws on the books could be applied otherwise, those who implement them privilege laws that conflict with violence against women laws. While much scholarship focuses on individual-level motives for violence, we instead analyze the socio-legal environment and existing legal codes that enable continued failure to respond adequately to violence against women. The legal framework and the legal code itself are deeply shaped by the context in which they are written—the structural, gender, symbolic, everyday and long arm of political violence that permeate all aspects of life in Guatemala and exacerbate women’s vulnerability, especially the poor. We argue that this broader legal context endangers the lives of women in Guatemala. We also extend the socio-legal scholarship to highlight failures for victim’s families and the disempowerment of women as they enter relationships.
A Review on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Rubberized Concrete
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Azrem , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Sandu Andrei Victor , Hussin Kamarudin , Sumarto Donny Arief
Published: July 2016

Utilization of waste materials such as waste tire rubber in the building industry can help prevent environmental pollution whilst contributing to the design of more economical buildings. Preliminary studies show that workable rubberized portland cement concrete mixtures can be made provided that appropriate percentages of tire rubber are used in such mixtures. This article provides the overview of some of published paper using tire waste rubber in portland cement concrete. The researchers mostly investigated the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The workability, density, air content, unit weight, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, freezing and thawing resistance, abrasion resistance and thermal properties of the waste tire rubber in concrete were discussed.
Grado de Satisfacción de los adultos con los Programas Universitarios
Authors: Fernández-García Ana , García Llamas José Luis , Pérez Serrano Gloria
Published: July 2016

La presente investigación analiza el grado de satisfacción de una muestra de 874 alumnos/as de Programas Universitarios para Adultos-Mayores (PUM) de todo el Estado Español. La investigación se enmarca dentro de la psicología positiva, específicamente en la propuesta de Martin Seligman, creador de este movimiento, quien propugna que el principal objetivo de esta rama de la ciencia psicológica es investigar los aspectos saludables de la vida del ser humano. La metodología utilizada es mixta. El grado de satisfacción, recogido a través de la técnica de la encuesta, fue analizado mediante el programa estadístico SPSS 20.0 (análisis de segmentación- CHAID) para la información cuantitativa; y el programa Atlas.Ti 6.0 (análisis textual y conceptual) para la información cualitativa. Los datos analizados revelan que el alumnado se encuentra altamente satisfecho con el Programa, el profesorado y sus compañeros/as. La discusión corrobora estos resultados, dado que también se han puesto de relieve en otros estudios.
Retos para potenciar la inclusión desde el discurso de la comunidad educativa: estudio de caso desde una perspectiva longitudinal
Authors: Cano Escoriaza Jacobo , Mejías Abad Juan José
Published: July 2016

La inclusión del alumnado inmigrante resulta fundamental para garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades y el desarrollo de una ciudadanía crítica y participativa. Por ello, el presente artículo corresponde a un estudio longitudinal en un centro escolar con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones de los docentes hacia las familias inmigrantes y justificar la importancia de potenciar la participación de las dichas familias en la vida educativa. El análisis sobre dicho enfoque inclusivo se inició en el curso 2010/11 y finaliza tres años después. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la observación participante, entrevistas a informadores clave y el análisis de documentos del centro se exponen clasificados en diferentes estrategias tanto a nivel organizativo como de aula.
Deep ventilation in the Okinawa Trough induced by Kerama Gap overflow
Authors: Nishina Ayako , Nakamura Hirohiko , Park Jae‐Hun , Hasegawa Daisuke , Tanaka Yuki , Seo Seongbong , Hibiya Toshiyuki
Published: July 2016

Near‐bottom water flowing over the Kerama Gap's sills is thought to ventilate the deep water below ∼1100 m depth in the Okinawa Trough and then upwell with 5–10 years residence time. The present study follows up on this phenomenon, using comprehensive profile data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, currents and turbulence obtained by intensive shipboard observations performed in June 2013 and June 2014 in the region. Strong near‐bottom subtidal flow with speeds exceeding 0.5 m s−1 was observed within a layer of about 100 m thickness over the western side of the peak of the main sill. Temperature and salinity sections along the Kerama Gap indicated some depressions and overturns of the deep water downstream of the strong overflow, suggesting the existence of breaking internal gravity waves and hydraulic jumps. Associated vertical diffusivities, estimated using the Thorpe scale and the buoyancy frequency, were three to four orders of magnitude larger than typical values observed in the thermocline of the open ocean (∼10−5 m2 s−1). The dissolved oxygen section also indicated strong vertical mixing and associated upwelling with the entrainment of the near‐bottom overflow water into the lower thermocline beneath the Kuroshio in the Okinawa Trough. The present study not only supports the previous conceptual model but also provides new evidence that the Okinawa Trough is an upwelling location where nutrient rich Philippine Sea intermediate water is sucked up into the lower thermocline below the Kuroshio.
Summary of the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012
Authors: Armstrong Mitchell , Ferry Jean‐François , Poovadan Anoop
Published: July 2016

As described by Environment and Climate Change Canada,[1] the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012 developed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 are “a multi‐substance risk management instrument used to prohibit the manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale or import of certain toxic substances and products containing these substances with a (limited) number of exemptions.” The substances currently prohibited by these regulations have been declared toxic to the environment and/or human health; are generally persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or inherently toxic as per the Act; and tend to be used in industrial applications. The Regulations are amended from time to time to add substances for which prohibition has been deemed appropriate, or to amend existing controls when necessary.

Compliance with the requirements of the Regulations is mandatory and the provisions apply to every person or company in Canada, unless otherwise noted. This article summarizes the prohibitions, exemptions, and key features of the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012, including permitting provisions, reporting and record‐keeping, as well as considerations for compliance.
An Integrated Modeling Approach for Predicting Process Maps of Residual Stress and Distortion in a Laser Weld: A Combined CFD–FE Methodology
Authors: Turner Richard P. , Panwisawas Chinnapat , Sovani Yogesh , Perumal Bama , Ward R. Mark , Brooks Jeffery W. , Basoalto Hector C.
Published: July 2016

Laser welding has become an important joining methodology within a number of industries for the structural joining of metallic parts. It offers a high power density welding capability which is desirable for deep weld sections, but is equally suited to performing thinner welded joints with sensible amendments to key process variables. However, as with any welding process, the introduction of severe thermal gradients at the weld line will inevitably lead to process-induced residual stress formation and distortions. Finite element (FE) predictions for weld simulation have been made within academia and industrial research for a number of years, although given the fluid nature of the molten weld pool, FE methodologies have limited capabilities. An improvement upon this established method would be to incorporate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model formulation prior to the FE model, to predict the weld pool shape and fluid flow, such that details can be fed into FE from CFD as a starting condition. The key outputs of residual stress and distortions predicted by the FE model can then be monitored against the process variables input to the model. Further, a link between the thermal results and the microstructural properties is of interest. Therefore, an empirical relationship between lamellar spacing and the cooling rate was developed and used to make predictions about the lamellar spacing for welds of different process parameters. Processing parameter combinations that lead to regions of high residual stress formation and high distortion have been determined, and the impact of processing parameters upon the predicted lamellar spacing has been presented.
Creativity in the Context of Neurologic Illness
Authors: Miller Bruce L.
Published: July 2016

Creativity in the context of neurologic illness is extremely complicated, but fascinating and inspiring to those who study it. Artistic people with degenerative diseases often are still compelled to engage in their creative talents after developing a neurologic illness. In some cases, people with these disorders even develop new abilities that did not exist prior to onset of illness. Those who study creativity and dementia must first address a fundamental neurologic question: Where in this elegant structure does the ability to produce art come from?
Determination of inequable fate and toxicity of Ag nanoparticles in a Phanerochaete chrysosporium biofilm system through different sulfide sources
Authors: Guo Zhi , Chen Guiqiu , Zeng Guangming , Liang Jie , Huang Binbin , Xiao Zhihua , Yi Feng , Huang Zhenzhen , He Kai
Published: July 2016

Cysteine and Na2S induced different distributions and toxicities of AgNP in biofilms.
The protective effect of a buckwheat-enriched diet on renal injury in high salt-induced hypertension in rats
Authors: Cheng Dai , Zhang Xinyu , Meng Meng , Han Lirong , Li Zheng , Hou Lihua , Qi Wentao , Wang Chunling
Published: July 2016

An excess of dietary salt is the most common factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Controlling the width of nanosheets by peptide length in peptoid–peptide biohybrid hydrogels
Authors: Ren Xinrui , Yang Chengbiao , Li Can , Gao Jie , Shi Yang , Yang Zhimou
Published: July 2016

The width of self-assembling nanosheets could be controlled by the variation of peptide length.
Wiener filter applied with a multi-channel method for EBT2 film dosimetry
Authors: Chang Liyun , Du Yi-Chun
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– EBT2 film, a convenient quality assurance (QA) tool with high 2D dosimetry resolution, has been widely used in the dosimetry application of radiation therapy with lots of benefits especially its self-development, water equivalent, energy independent and high spatial resolution. However, the higher inhomogeneity between the pixels of EBT2 image, needed to be averaged out according to the traditional method, but it could sacrifice the spatial resolution. To solve this problem, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a Wiener filter (WF) technique applied with a multi-channel (MC) method.

Design/methodology/approach

– The EBT2 film was calibrated by using the percentage depth dose method combined with the WF technique and a MC method. Then the calculated film doses were compared with the measurement doses by the edge detector with the water phantom.

Findings

– With high spatial resolution to be 0.2 mm, the results demonstrate that the EBT2 film calibration through both of the WF technique and MC method has higher accuracy (within 2 percent) and lower uncertainty.

Originality/value

– A new technique of WF with MC method was presented to calibrate the dosimetry system of EBT2 film. With high spatial resolution (0.2 mm), the studies show that the combination of WF technique with MC method can have high accuracy with low noises to calibrate EBT2 film. This method can also be applied to all the QAs of treatment planning of radiation therapy by using the EBT2 film.
Integration and optimization of multiple big data processing platforms
Authors: Chang Bao-Rong , Tsai Hsiu-Fen , Tsai Yun-Che , Kuo Chin-Fu , Chen Chi-Chung
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to integrate and optimize a multiple big data processing platform with the features of high performance, high availability and high scalability in big data environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– First, the integration of Apache Hive, Cloudera Impala and BDAS Shark make the platform support SQL-like query. Next, users can access a single interface and select the best performance of big data warehouse platform automatically by the proposed optimizer. Finally, the distributed memory storage system Memcached incorporated into the distributed file system, Apache HDFS, is employed for fast caching query results. Therefore, if users query the same SQL command, the same result responds rapidly from the cache system instead of suffering the repeated searches in a big data warehouse and taking a longer time to retrieve.

Findings

– As a result the proposed approach significantly improves the overall performance and dramatically reduces the search time as querying a database, especially applying for the high-repeatable SQL commands under multi-user mode.

Research limitations/implications

– Currently, Shark’s latest stable version 0.9.1 does not support the latest versions of Spark and Hive. In addition, this series of software only supports Oracle JDK7. Using Oracle JDK8 or Open JDK will cause serious errors, and some software will be unable to run.

Practical implications

– The problem with this system is that some blocks are missing when too many blocks are stored in one result (about 100,000 records). Another problem is that the sequential writing into In-memory cache wastes time.

Originality/value

– When the remaining memory capacity is 2 GB or less on each server, Impala and Shark will have a lot of page swapping, causing extremely low performance. When the data scale is larger, it may cause the JVM I/O exception and make the program crash. However, when the remaining memory capacity is sufficient, Shark is faster than Hive and Impala. Impala’s consumption of memory resources is between those of Shark and Hive. This amount of remaining memory is sufficient for Impala’s maximum performance. In this study, each server allocates 20 GB of memory for cluster computing and sets the amount of remaining memory as Level 1: 3 percent (0.6 GB), Level 2: 15 percent (3 GB) and Level 3: 75 percent (15 GB) as the critical points. The program automatically selects Hive when memory is less than 15 percent, Impala at 15 to 75 percent and Shark at more than 75 percent.
Pain sensitivity in patients with haemophilia following moderate aerobic exercise intervention
Authors: Krüger S. , Weitz C. , Runkel B. , Hilberg T.
Published: July 2016

Background

Physical activity is influenced by pain and vice versa. Although studies recommend exercise therapy for patients with haemophilia (PwH), the influence of physical activity on the pain condition in PwH has not been investigated so far.

Aim

Aim of this study was to examine the effect of a treadmill intervention with self‐chosen velocity on the acute pain sensitivity in PwH.

Patients and methods

Twenty PwH [aged 24–58 years, moderate (n = 3) to severe (n = 17) haemophilia A (n = 17) or B (n = 3)] and 20 control subjects (aged 26–61 years) were included in this study. Eighteen PwH and all controls completed a treadmill intervention for 30 min. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in Newton (N) were measured at both the knees, ankles and elbows, sternum and forehead before (pre) and immediately after walking (post).

Results

PwH and controls walked with comparable speed (mean speed in km h−1; PwH: 3.5, controls: 3.8), resulting in significantly different values of performance‐related parameters such as heart rate (mean heart rate per minute; PwH: 102, controls: 86; P ≤ 0.01). Compared to baseline values, PPT remained unaltered at all landmarks in both groups after walking (e.g. pre/post in Newton; knee right: PwH: 63.1/63.0, controls: 93.8/93.8; left knee: PwH: 62.1/62.7, controls: 90.0/93.4), indicating a non‐increasing pain condition.

Conclusion

Findings of unaltered PPT following moderate aerobic exercise showed initial evidence that PwH are able to perform an endurance exercise with self‐chosen velocity for 30 min as recommended, without increasing the acute pain condition. By doing so, PwH can benefit from the positive effects of endurance exercise.
Patterns of abiotic niche shifts in allopolyploids relative to their progenitors
Authors: Blaine Marchant D. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: July 2016

Polyploidy has extensive genetic, physiological, morphological, and ecological ramifications. While the patterns underlying the genetic and morphological consequences of polyploidy are being rapidly elucidated, the effects on ecological niche are still largely unknown.

This study investigated 13 allopolyploid systems in North America (10 ferns and three angiosperms) using digitized natural history museum specimens. The abiotic niches of the allopolyploids were compared with those of their diploid progenitors using ecological niche modeling, niche analyses, and multivariate analyses.

We identified four patterns of niche shifts through our analyses: niche expansion, niche contraction, niche intermediacy, and niche novelty. The classification of these shifts depended on the amount of niche overlap and breadth between the polyploid and progenitors. The most common niche shift was niche intermediacy in which the polyploid inhabited a geographic range between that of the progenitors and had a high degree of niche overlap.

Each polyploid had at least partial geographic sympatry and abiotic niche overlap with one of its progenitors, suggesting that biotic and/or microclimate factors may play a larger role in polyploid establishment than previously hypothesized. This study provides a baseline for future comparisons of the diverse outcomes of genome merger and duplication on abiotic niche preference.
Increased phosphate uptake but not resorption alleviates phosphorus deficiency induced by nitrogen deposition in temperate Larix principis‐rupprechtii plantations
Authors: Deng Meifeng , Liu Lingli , Sun Zhenzhong , Piao Shilong , Ma Yuecun , Chen Yiwei , Wang Jing , Qiao Chunlian , Wang Xin , Li Ping
Published: July 2016

The imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition may shift temperate ecosystems from N‐ to P‐limitation. However, it is unclear how the imbalanced N : P input affects the strategies of plants to acquire P and, therefore, the growth of plants and the competition among species.

We conducted a 4‐yr N‐addition experiment in young and mature larch (Larix principis‐rupprechtii) stands. Plant growth and P acquisition strategies were assessed for larch and understorey vegetation.

N addition stimulated the aboveground productivity of understorey vegetation in the young stand and larch in the mature stand, with other species unaffected. The competitive advantages of understorey vegetation in the young stand and larch in the mature stand were associated with their high stoichiometric homoeostasis. To maintain the N : P homoeostasis of these species, an increase in phosphatase activity but not P resorption efficiency increased the supply of P. Additionally, N addition accelerated P mineralization by decreasing the fungal‐to‐bacterial ratios and improved uptake of soil P by increasing the arbuscular mycorrhizas‐to‐ectomycorrhizas ratios.

Our results suggest that plants with high stoichiometric homoeostasis could better cope with N deposition‐induced P‐deficiency. Although P resorption efficiency showed little plasticity in response, plants activated a variety of P‐acquisition pathways to alleviate the P‐deficiency caused by N deposition.
The Fiscal Multiplier in a Liquidity‐Constrained New Keynesian Economy
Authors: Kara Engin , Sin Jasmin
Published: July 2016

We study the effects of fiscal policy on the macroeconomy using a liquidity‐constrained New Keynesian model in which government bonds are liquid, and private financial assets are only partially liquid. We find that the fiscal multipliers in this economic environment are large enough for fiscal policy to be highly effective. In this model, a bond‐financed fiscal expansion can stimulate output because higher public borrowing improves liquidity by increasing the proportion of liquid assets in private‐sector wealth.
Learning how objects function via co-analysis of interactions
Authors: Hu Ruizhen , van Kaick Oliver , Wu Bojian , Huang Hui , Shamir Ariel , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2016

We introduce a co-analysis method which learns a
functionality model
for an object category, e.g., strollers or backpacks. Like previous works on functionality, we analyze object-to-object interactions and intra-object properties and relations. Differently from previous works, our model goes beyond providing a functionality-oriented descriptor for a single object; it prototypes the functionality of a category of 3D objects by co-analyzing typical interactions involving objects from the category. Furthermore, our co-analysis localizes the studied properties to the specific locations, or surface patches, that support specific functionalities, and then integrates the patch-level properties into a
category
functionality model. Thus our model focuses on the
how
, via common interactions, and
where
, via patch localization, of functionality analysis.

Given a collection of 3D objects belonging to the same category, with each object provided within a scene context, our co-analysis yields a set of
proto-patches
, each of which is a patch prototype supporting a specific type of interaction, e.g., stroller handle held by hand. The learned category functionality model is composed of proto-patches, along with their pairwise relations, which together summarize the functional properties of all the patches that appear in the input object category. With the learned functionality models for various object categories serving as a knowledge base, we are able to form a functional understanding of an individual 3D object, without a scene context. With patch localization in the model, functionality-aware
modeling
, e.g, functional object enhancement and the creation of functional object hybrids, is made possible.
Terrain-adaptive locomotion skills using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Peng Xue Bin , Berseth Glen , van de Panne Michiel
Published: July 2016

Reinforcement learning offers a promising methodology for developing skills for simulated characters, but typically requires working with sparse hand-crafted features. Building on recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DeepRL), we introduce a mixture of actor-critic experts (MACE) approach that learns terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion skills using high-dimensional state and terrain descriptions as input, and parameterized leaps or steps as output actions. MACE learns more quickly than a single actor-critic approach and results in actor-critic experts that exhibit specialization. Additional elements of our solution that contribute towards efficient learning include Boltzmann exploration and the use of initial actor biases to encourage specialization. Results are demonstrated for multiple planar characters and terrain classes.
Wasserstein barycentric coordinates
Authors: Bonneel Nicolas , Peyré Gabriel , Cuturi Marco
Published: July 2016

This article defines a new way to perform intuitive and geometrically faithful regressions on histogram-valued data. It leverages the theory of optimal transport, and in particular the definition of Wasserstein barycenters, to introduce for the first time the notion of barycentric coordinates for histograms. These coordinates take into account the underlying geometry of the ground space on which the histograms are defined, and are thus particularly meaningful for applications in graphics to shapes, color or material modification. Beside this abstract construction, we propose a fast numerical optimization scheme to solve this backward problem (finding the barycentric coordinates of a given histogram) with a low computational overhead with respect to the forward problem (computing the barycenter). This scheme relies on a backward algorithmic differentiation of the Sinkhorn algorithm which is used to optimize the entropic regularization of Wasserstein barycenters. We showcase an illustrative set of applications of these Wasserstein coordinates to various problems in computer graphics: shape approximation, BRDF acquisition and color editing.
Fitting procedural yarn models for realistic cloth rendering
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Luan Fujun , Bala Kavita
Published: July 2016

Fabrics play a significant role in many applications in design, prototyping, and entertainment. Recent fiber-based models capture the rich visual appearance of fabrics, but are too onerous to design and edit. Yarn-based procedural models are powerful and convenient, but too regular and not realistic enough in appearance. In this paper, we introduce an automatic fitting approach to create high-quality procedural yarn models of fabrics with fiber-level details. We fit CT data to procedural models to automatically recover a full range of parameters, and augment the models with a measurement-based model of flyaway fibers. We validate our fabric models against CT measurements and photographs, and demonstrate the utility of this approach for fabric modeling and editing.
Beyond developable
Authors: Konaković Mina , Crane Keenan , Deng Bailin , Bouaziz Sofien , Piker Daniel , Pauly Mark
Published: July 2016

We present a computational method for interactive 3D design and rationalization of surfaces via
auxetic
materials, i.e., flat flexible material that can stretch uniformly up to a certain extent. A key motivation for studying such material is that one can approximate doubly-curved surfaces (such as the sphere) using only flat pieces, making it attractive for fabrication. We physically realize surfaces by introducing cuts into approximately inextensible material such as sheet metal, plastic, or leather. The cutting pattern is modeled as a regular triangular linkage that yields hexagonal openings of spatially-varying radius when stretched. In the same way that isometry is fundamental to modeling developable surfaces, we leverage
conformal
geometry to understand auxetic design. In particular, we compute a global conformal map with bounded scale factor to initialize an otherwise intractable non-linear optimization. We demonstrate that this global approach can handle non-trivial topology and non-local dependencies inherent in auxetic material. Design studies and physical prototypes are used to illustrate a wide range of possible applications.
Multi-scale label-map extraction for texture synthesis
Authors: Lockerman Yitzchak David , Sauvage Basile , Allègre Rémi , Dischler Jean-Michel , Dorsey Julie , Rushmeier Holly
Published: July 2016

Texture synthesis is a well-established area, with many important applications in computer graphics and vision. However, despite their success, synthesis techniques are not used widely in practice because the creation of good exemplars remains challenging and extremely tedious. In this paper, we introduce an unsupervised method for analyzing texture content across multiple scales that automatically extracts good exemplars from natural images. Unlike existing methods, which require extensive manual tuning, our method is fully automatic. This allows the user to focus on using texture palettes derived from their own images, rather than on manual interactions dictated by the needs of an underlying algorithm.

Most natural textures exhibit patterns at multiple scales that may vary according to the location (non-stationarity). To handle such textures many synthesis algorithms rely on an analysis of the input and a guidance of the synthesis. Our new analysis is based on a labeling of texture patterns that is both (i) multi-scale and (ii) unsupervised -- that is, patterns are labeled at multiple scales, and the scales and the number of labeled clusters are selected automatically. Our method works in two stages. The first builds a hierarchical extension of superpixels and the second labels the superpixels based on random walk in a graph of similarity between superpixels and a nonnegative matrix factorization. Our label-maps provide descriptors for pixels and regions that benefit state-of-the-art texture synthesis algorithms. We show several applications including guidance of non-stationary synthesis, content selection and texture painting. Our method is designed to treat large inputs and can scale to many megapixels. In addition to traditional exemplar inputs, our method can also handle natural images containing different textured regions.
Printing arbitrary meshes with a 5DOF wireframe printer
Authors: Wu Rundong , Peng Huaishu , Guimbretière François , Marschner Steve
Published: July 2016

Traditional 3D printers fabricate objects by depositing material to build up the model layer by layer. Instead printing only wireframes can reduce printing time and the cost of material while producing effective depictions of shape. However, wireframe printing requires the printer to undergo arbitrary 3D motions, rather than slice-wise 2D motions, which can lead to collisions with already-printed parts of the model. Previous work has either limited itself to restricted meshes that are collision free by construction, or simply dropped unreachable parts of the model, but in this paper we present a method to print arbitrary meshes on a 5DOF wireframe printer. We formalize the collision avoidance problem using a directed graph, and propose an algorithm that finds a locally minimal set of constraints on the order of edges that guarantees there will be no collisions. Then a second algorithm orders the edges so that the printing progresses smoothly. Though meshes do exist that still cannot be printed, our method prints a wide range of models that previous methods cannot, and it provides a fundamental enabling algorithm for future development of wireframe printing.
Monocyte Heterogeneity: Consequences for Monocyte-Derived Immune Cells
Authors: Sprangers Sara , Vries Teun J. de , Everts Vincent
Published: July 2016

Blood monocytes are precursors of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts. They are a heterogeneous cell population with differences in size, phenotype, and function. Although monocytes maintain several tissue-specific populations of immune cells in homeostasis, their contribution to populations of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts is significantly increased in inflammation. Identification of a growing number of functionally different subsets of cells within populations of monocyte-derived immune cells has recently put monocyte heterogeneity into sharp focus. Here, we summarize recent findings in monocyte heterogeneity and their differentiation into dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts. We also discuss these advances in the context of the formation of functionally different monocyte-derived subsets of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts.
Sleep Spindles as an Electrographic Element: Description and Automatic Detection Methods
Authors: Coppieters ’t Wallant Dorothée , Maquet Pierre , Phillips Christophe
Published: July 2016

Sleep spindle is a peculiar oscillatory brain pattern which has been associated with a number of sleep (isolation from exteroceptive stimuli, memory consolidation) and individual characteristics (intellectual quotient). Oddly enough, the definition of a spindle is both incomplete and restrictive. In consequence, there is no consensus about how to detect spindles. Visual scoring is cumbersome and user dependent. To analyze spindle activity in a more robust way, automatic sleep spindle detection methods are essential. Various algorithms were developed, depending on individual research interest, which hampers direct comparisons and meta-analyses. In this review, sleep spindle is first defined physically and topographically. From this general description, we tentatively extract the main characteristics to be detected and analyzed. A nonexhaustive list of automatic spindle detection methods is provided along with a description of their main processing principles. Finally, we propose a technique to assess the detection methods in a robust and comparable way.
Spectral Analysis of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Based on Delayed Luminescence
Authors: Pang Jingxiang , Zhu Xiaoyan , Liu Yanli , Fu Jialei , Zhao Xiaolei , Yang Meina , van Wijk Eduard , Wang Mei , Nie Xiaoyan , Han Jinxiang
Published: July 2016

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a critical role in healthcare; however, it lacks scientific evidence to support the multidimensional therapeutic effects. These effects are based on experience, and, to date, there is no advanced tool to evaluate these experience based effects. In the current study, Chinese herbal materials classified with different cold and heat therapeutic properties, based on Chinese medicine principles, were investigated using spectral distribution, as well as the decay probability distribution based on delayed luminescence (DL). A detection system based on ultraweak biophoton emission was developed to determine the DL decay kinetics of the cold and heat properties of Chinese herbal materials. We constructed a mathematical model to fit the experimental data and characterize the properties of Chinese medicinal herbs with different parameters. The results demonstrated that this method has good reproducibility. Moreover, there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the spectral distribution and the decay probability distribution of Chinese herbal materials with cold and heat properties. This approach takes advantage of the comprehensive nature of DL compared with more reductionist approaches and is more consistent with TCM principles, in which the core comprises holistic views.
Varieties of Presidentialism & of Leadership Outcomes
Authors: Elgie Robert
Published: July 2016

This essay explores aspects of the relationship between political leadership and institutional power, comparing the different forms that presidential institutions have taken across the world and identifying the relationship between these structures and social, political, and economic outcomes. Semipresidential systems are distinguished from presidential systems, and within the former, a distinction is made between president-parliamentary and premier-presidential regimes. Some scholars have argued that presidential regimes are less conducive to the successful transition from authoritarian rule to democracy than are parliamentary governments, but the empirical evidence is contradictory. Recent research has, however, drawn attention to finer distinctions within the various broad categories of presidentialism, focusing on more precise institutional arrangements and trying to identify which are more, and which are less, consonant with the consolidation of democracy.
Authoritarian Leadership in the Post-Communist World
Authors: Huskey Eugene
Published: July 2016

A quarter-century after the collapse of the USSR, authoritarian politics dominates seven of the fifteen successor states. Placing the post-communist authoritarian experience in the broader frame of nondemocratic governance, this essay explores the origins and operation of personalist rule in the region; the relationship between time and power; and the role of Soviet legacies in shaping the agenda and tools of leadership. It also examines the efforts of post-communist authoritarians to enhance personal and regime legitimacy by claiming to rule beyond politics. Within the post-communist world, the essay finds significant variation among authoritarian leaders in their approaches to personnel policy and to the use of policies, symbols, and narratives to address the ethnic and religious awakening spawned by the collapse of Soviet rule. The essay concludes with a brief assessment of the trajectories of post-communist authoritarian leadership.
Pseudocromata, a new genus of Ochlerini based on a new species from Ecuador (Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae)
Authors: ORTEGA-LEÓN GUILLERMINA , THOMAS DONALD B.
Published: July 2016

The tribe Ochlerini was defined by Rolston (1981) based on the position of abdominal trichobothria (lateral to the spiracles), insertion of the labium well behind the apex of the head (usually in line with the eyes), and the superior surface of the distal metatarsomere in females excavate or flattened. Rolston’s (1992) revision of the tribe included 28 genera. With subsequent additions there are now either 33 or 35 genera depending on the inclusion or exclusion of Melambyrsus Breddin (listed as nomen dubium by Rolston 1992) and Candeocoris Roell & Campos (2015) which has character-states intermediate between Ochlerini and Discocephalini. With few exceptions the members of the tribe are inornately colored, typically shades of black, brown or tan Campos & Grazia (2006). Exceptions are species in the genera Cromata Rolston and the aforementioned Candeocoris which have colorful blotches on the scutellum and corium.
On the type locality of Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
Authors: OHARA WILLIAN MASSAHARU , NEUHAUS EMANUEL BRUNO
Published: July 2016

Sorubim trigonocephalus was described in 1920 by Alípio de Miranda Ribeiro, based on a single specimen collected in a locality identified as “Porto Velho”, during the "Comissão das Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas de Mato Grosso ao Amazonas” (more commonly known as Rondon Commission). Given that the type locality is Porto Velho, the species has been referred to the Madeira River basin (Lundberg & Littmann, 2003; Littmann, 2007; Eschmeyer et al., 2016). Nevertheless, after its description, no additional specimens were collected in the Madeira basin despite several ichthyological expeditions undertaken to the area (Santos, 1996; Camargo & Giarrizzo, 2007; Rapp Py-Daniel et al., 2007; Perin et al., 2007; Pedroza et al., 2012; Casatti et al., 2013; Queiroz et al., 2013a), some of them including region of Porto Velho (Fowler, 1913; Araújo et al., 2009; Torrente-Vilara et al., 2011; Queiroz et al., 2013b).
3D magnetization inversion using fuzzyc-means clustering with application to geology differentiation
Authors: Li Yaoguo , Sun Jiajia
Published: July 2016

The presence of remanent magnetization has hindered the application of generalized 3D magnetic inversion in exploration geophysics because of the unknown and variable magnetization directions. Although many authors have developed different approaches to deal with this difficulty, it remains a challenge. We have developed a new approach for inverting the total-field magnetic anomaly to recover a 3D distribution of magnetization by using a fuzzy c-means clustering technique. The inversion approximates the variation of magnetization directions with a small number of possible orientations and thereby achieves stability in recovered magnetization directions and improves the spatial imaging of magnetization magnitude. We have also found that the inverted magnetization directions can yield more information than does a standard magnetic susceptibility inversion and provide a new opportunity for magnetic interpretation. The magnitude of magnetization helps to define the configuration and structure of causative bodies in 3D, whereas the magnetization directions can help distinguish between different causative bodies and thereby assist in efforts such as geology differentiation. Thus, 3D magnetization inversion enables the complete use of the magnetic anomaly in the presence of remanent magnetization. We have used synthetic and field data sets to illustrate the algorithm, demonstrate the feasibility of geology differentiation using recovered magnetization directions, and develop a means to quantify the confidence of differentiation results.
Penerapan Logika Fuzzy dan Pulse Width Modulation untuk Sistem Kendali Kecepatan Robot Line Follower
Authors: Supani Ahyar , Azwardi Azwardi
Published: July 2016

Satu kendala robot line follower (LF) yaitu kendali kecepatan putaran saat belok mengikuti garis belok tajam, belok sedang, belok sedikit, dan tidak ada garis. Kendala tersebut adalah robot LF selalu menggerakkan satu roda saja kiri atau kanan dengan kecepatan maksimum. Kendala ini diatasi dengan menerapkan logika fuzzy untuk mengkomputasi nilai on/off motor saat belokan garis tajam, belokan sedang, dan sedikit. Selanjutnya penerapan Pulse Width Modulation untuk mengatur sinyal lamanya waktu on/off motor. Pengujian dengan sudut 900 dan 450 menghasilkan satu rodakecepatan maksimum, satu roda lagi mengalami dua kecepatan 14,5 % dan 43,1 % dari maksimum. Pengujian sudut 100 satu roda kecepatan maksimum dan satu roda 43,1% dari maksimum.
Germinación de semillas de Magnolia pugana (Magnoliaceae), especie endémica y en peligro de extinción del occidente de México
Authors: Jacobo-Pereira César , Romo-Campos Rosa , Flores Joel
Published: July 2016

Magnolia pugana es una especie endémica y en peligro de extinción localizada en el occidente de México, que se distribuye en bosques de galería en las barrancas del sur de Zacatecas y centro-norte de Jalisco. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la viabilidad de las semillas e identificar los tratamientos para romper la latencia de semillas de esta especie. Se colectaron semillas de cuatro localidades, tres en Jalisco (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, San Lorenzo y San Nicolás) y una en Zacatecas (Palo Verde). Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos germinativos: (1) remoción manual del arilo, (2) remoción de arilo por lixiviación, (3) inmersión en ácido giberélico con 100 mg L-1, (4) inmersión en ácido giberélico con 200 mg L-1, (5) inmersión en ácido giberélico con 300 mg L-1 y (6) control. Se utilizaron 100 semillas por tratamiento con cinco repeticiones cada una. El tratamiento que presentó el mayor porcentaje de germinación para las cuatro localidades fue la remoción manual del arilo con 52 %, mientras que el tratamiento con menor germinación fue el control con 3.5 %. Por localidad, San Lorenzo obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de germinación con 16.5% en promedio, mientras que San Nicolás registró el menor con 5.33 %. Los tratamientos germinativos no lograron romper la latencia (porcentajes de germinación < 70 %). Las semillas de las cuatro localidades se embebieron de agua por lo que no se presenta la latencia física. Las semillas con mayor biomasa absorbieron menos agua.
Efeito da aplicação sônica do adesivo na resistência de união de pinos de fibra cimentado à dentina exposta ao hipoclorito de sódio
Authors: Marques Juliana , Dantas Marta , Simão Renata , Prado Maira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação sônica do adesivo na resistência de união de pinos de fibra cimentado à dentinapreviamente exposta ao hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl). Material e Métodos: Trinta dentes bovinos unirradiculares foram utilizados. Os dentes foram seccionados produzindo espécimes com 7mm, referente ao terço cervical e parte do terço médio da raiz. Os canais foram preparados e as amostras divididas em três grupos (n=10). No grupo 1, as raízes foram irrigadas com água destilada e secas com cone de papel. Nos grupos 2 e 3, as raízes foramimersas em NaOCle, em seguida, irrigadas e secas como descrito no grupo 1. Para cimentação do pino, nos grupos 1 e 2, o adesivo foi aplicado manualmente e no grupo 3 com o dispositivo sônico Smart Sonic. Após cimentação dos pinos, os espécimes foram segmentados em slicese submetidos ao teste de push-out para análise deresistência de união. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: Os resultados de resistência de união expressos em mediana (MPa) foram: Grupo 1 (4,12 MPa) =Grupo 3 (3,41 MPa)

?Grupo 2 (2,71 MPa).Conclusão: Conclui-se que a aplicação sônica do adesivo afetou os níveis de resistência de união do sistema Âmbar/AllCem à dentina exposta ao NaOCl, atingindo valores significativamente semelhantes ao grupo sem NaOCl.