bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach
Authors: Mieziene Brigita , Emeljanovas Arunas , Fatkulina Natalja , Stukas Rimantas
Published: July 2020

A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18–36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18–36 years. Snowball sampling—a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy—was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
The Legal Cause of “Holding Value” and Its Impact on Islamic Provisions Regarding Virtual Currencies
Authors: Baker Man , Semai Muhammed
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the Islamic juristic position of virtual currencies. In the classical period, jurists differed on the reason behind Islam’s prohibition of usury when dealing with precious metals and their derivatives, with the majority arguing that this is because they are considered to hold value (thamaniyya). The cause (ʿilla) of “holding value” can therefore be applied through analogy (qiyās) to all things understood by the laity to hold value in any era. In the contemporary period, this cause can also be applied to virtual currencies such as Bitcoin if they fulfill the following ethical conditions: customary acceptance, legal validity, and value stability.
Diurnal Variation in Cloud Liquid Water Path Derived from Five Cross-Track Microwave Radiometers Onboard Polar-Orbiting Satellites
Authors: Lin Lin , Zou Xiaolei
Published: July 2020

The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A/Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-18/-19, MetOp-A/-B, and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellites provide global observations of the cloud Liquid Water Path (LWP) almost 10 times a day. This study explores the possibility of capturing the diurnal cycle of the LWP. An inter-satellite cross-calibration is first carried out using a double-difference method. A remapping is then used to obtain the AMSU-A-like LWP to account for beam shape discrepancies between the ATMS and AMSU-A. We finally examine the diurnal cycle of the LWP over the Southeast Pacific Ocean using the ATMS and AMSU-A data from the five satellites mentioned above. Results show that the remapped ATMS results agree well with the AMSU-A results at the same local time over a stratocumulus region. LWP retrievals from multiple satellite cross-track microwave radiometers can well reproduce the diurnal variation characteristics of LWP in 2015 over the East Pacific Ocean, including the seasonal variation of the diurnal variation. This study presents the first step toward merging LWP data from all ATMS and AMSU-A radiometers and will be of interest to many researchers studying LWP-related weather and climate changes, especially considering the possible loss of higher-resolution microwave-frequency conical-scanning sensors in the coming years.
Optimization of Computational Intelligence Models for Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation
Authors: Zhao Xia , Chen Wei
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on landslide susceptibility prediction in Nanchuan, a high-risk landslide disaster area. The evidential belief function (EBF)-based function tree (FT), logistic regression (LR), and logistic model tree (LMT) were applied to Nanchuan District, China. Firstly, an inventory with 298 landslides was compiled and separated into two parts (70%: 209; 30%: 89) as training and validation datasets. Then, based on the EBF method, the Bel values of 16 conditioning factors related to landslide occurrence were calculated, and these Bel values were used as input data for building other models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the values of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and compare the prediction ability of the four models. All the models achieved good results and performed well. In particular, the LMT model had the best performance (0.847 and 0.765, obtained from the training and validation datasets, respectively). This paper also demonstrates the superiority of integration and optimization of models in landslide susceptibility evaluation. Finally, the best classification method was selected to draw landslide susceptibility maps, which may be helpful for government administrators and engineers to carry out land design and planning.
Understanding the Land Surface Phenology and Gross Primary Production of Sugarcane Plantations by Eddy Flux Measurements, MODIS Images, and Data-Driven Models
Authors: Xin Fengfei , Xiao Xiangming , Cabral Osvaldo M.R. , White Paul M. , Guo Haiqiang , Ma Jun , Li Bo , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2020

Sugarcane (complex hybrids of Saccharum spp., C4 plant) croplands provide cane stalk feedstock for sugar and biofuel (ethanol) production. It is critical for us to analyze the phenology and gross primary production (GPP) of sugarcane croplands, which would help us to better understand and monitor the sugarcane growing condition and the carbon cycle. In this study, we combined the data from two sugarcane EC flux tower sites in Brazil and the USA, images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, and data-driven models to study the phenology and GPP of sugarcane croplands. The seasonal dynamics of climate, vegetation indices from MODIS images, and GPP from two sugarcane flux tower sites (GPPEC) reveal the temporal consistency in sugarcane phenology (crop calendar: green-up dates and harvesting dates) as estimated by the vegetation indices and GPPEC data. The Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) is shown to be useful to delineate the phenology of sugarcane croplands. The relationship between the sugarcane GPPEC and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is stronger than the relationship between the GPPEC and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We ran the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), which uses the light use efficiency (LUE) concept and is driven by climate data and MODIS images, to estimate the daily GPP at the two sugarcane sites (GPPVPM). The seasonal dynamics of the GPPVPM and GPPEC at the two sites agreed reasonably well with each other, which indicates that VPM is a powerful tool for estimating the GPP of sugarcane croplands in Brazil and the USA. This study clearly highlights the potential of combining eddy covariance technology, satellite-based remote sensing technology, and data-driven models for better understanding and monitoring the phenology and GPP of sugarcane croplands under different climate and management practices.
Age-Related Differences in Fixation Pattern on a Companion Robot
Authors: Oh Young Hoon , Ju Da Young
Published: July 2020

Recent studies have addressed the various benefits of companion robots and expanded the research scope to their design. However, the viewpoints of older adults have not been deeply investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the distinctive viewpoints of older adults by comparing them with those of younger adults. Thirty-one older and thirty-one younger adults participated in an eye-tracking experiment to investigate their impressions of a bear-like robot mockup. They also completed interviews and surveys to help us understand their viewpoints on the robot design. The gaze behaviors and the impressions of the two groups were significantly different. Older adults focused significantly more on the robot’s face and paid little attention to the rest of the body. In contrast, the younger adults gazed at more body parts and viewed the robot in more detail than the older adults. Furthermore, the older adults rated physical attractiveness and social likeability of the robot significantly higher than the younger adults. The specific gaze behavior of the younger adults was linked to considerable negative feedback on the robot design. Based on these empirical findings, we recommend that impressions of older adults be considered when designing companion robots.
Impedance Enhancement of Textile Grounded Loop Antenna Using High-Impedance Surface (HIS) for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Bait-Suwailam Mohammed M. , I. Labiano Isidoro , Alomainy Akram
Published: July 2020

In this paper, impedance matching enhancement of a grounded wearable low-profile loop antenna is investigated using a high-impedance surface (HIS) structure. The wearable loop antenna along with the HIS structure is maintained low-profile, making it a suitable candidate for healthcare applications. The paper starts with investigating, both numerically and experimentally, the effects of several textile parameters on the performance of the wearable loop antenna. The application of impedance enhancement of wearable grounded loop antenna with HIS structure is then demonstrated. Numerical full-wave simulations are presented and validated with measured results. Unlike the grounded wearable loop antenna alone with its degraded performance, the wearable loop antenna with HIS structure showed better matching performance improvement at the 2.45 GHz-band. The computed overall far-field properties of the wearable loop antenna with HIS structure shows good performance, with a maximum gain of 6.19 dBi. The effects of bending the wearable loop antenna structure with and without HIS structure as well as when in close proximity to a modeled human arm are also investigated, where good performance was achieved for the case of the wearable antenna with the HIS structure.
Evaluation of the Data Quality from a Round-Robin Test of Hyperspectral Imaging Systems
Authors: Pillay Ruven , Picollo Marcello , Hardeberg Jon Yngve , George Sony
Published: July 2020

In this study, the results from a round-robin test of hyperspectral imaging systems are presented and analyzed. Fourteen different pushbroom hyperspectral systems from eight different institutions were used to acquire spectral cubes from the visible, near infra-red and short-wave infra-red regions. Each system was used to acquire a common set of targets under their normal operating conditions with the data calibrated and processed using the standard processing pipeline for each system. The test targets consisted of a spectral wavelength standard and of a custom-made pigment panel featuring Renaissance-era pigments frequently found in paintings from that period. The quality and accuracy of the resulting data was assessed with quantitative analyses of the spectral, spatial and colorimetric accuracy of the data. The results provide a valuable insight into the accuracy, reproducibility and precision of hyperspectral imaging equipment when used under routine operating conditions. The distribution and type of error found within the data can provide useful information on the fundamental and practical limits of such equipment when used for applications such as spectral classification, change detection, colorimetry and others.
Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture
Authors: O. Sales Frederico , Marante Yelco , Vieira Alex B. , Silva Edelberto Franco
Published: July 2020

Sensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider an IoT environment for monitoring a coffee plantation in precision agriculture. We investigate the energy consumption under low-power and lossy networks considering three different network topologies and an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) routing protocol, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL). For RPL, each secondary node selects a better parent according to some Objective Functions (OFs). We conducted simulations using Contiki Cooja 3.0, where we considered the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop-count metric (HOP) metrics to evaluate energy consumption for three distinct topologies: tree, circular, and grid. The simulation results show that the circular topology had the best (lowest) energy consumption, being 15% better than the grid topology and 30% against the tree topology. The results help the need to improve the evolution of RPL metrics and motivate the network management of the topology.
Energy Optimization of the ‘Shore to Ship’ System—A Universal Power System for Ships at Berth in a Port
Authors: German-Galkin Sergey , Tarnapowicz Dariusz
Published: July 2020

One of the most effective methods of limiting air pollution emissions by ships at a berth in a port is the power connection of ships to the on-shore system. “Shore to Ship” (STS)—A universal system for the connection of the ship’s electrical power network with the on-shore network—ensures the adoption of the voltage and frequency of the on-shore network for the exploitation of various types of ships in the port. The realization of such a system is possible due to the use of semiconductor technologies during the construction of mechatronic systems (i.e., systems that ensure the maintenance of electricity parameters). The STS system ensures energy efficiency for high-power ship systems through the use of an active semiconductor converter. This article presents an analysis of steady state electromagnetic and energy processes, allowing the determination of the active and reactive power and losses in the STS system. The presented analytical research enables the development of a control algorithm that optimizes the system energy efficiency. In the article, the control methods allowing the optimization of the energy characteristics of the system are considered and investigated. On the basis of theoretical studies, a model was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment, which allowed us to study steady and transient processes in the STS system in order to reduce losses in power lines and semiconductor converters.
A Multi-Level Approach to Waste Object Segmentation
Authors: Wang Tao , Cai Yuanzheng , Liang Lingyu , Ye Dongyi
Published: July 2020

We address the problem of localizing waste objects from a color image and an optional depth image, which is a key perception component for robotic interaction with such objects. Specifically, our method integrates the intensity and depth information at multiple levels of spatial granularity. Firstly, a scene-level deep network produces an initial coarse segmentation, based on which we select a few potential object regions to zoom in and perform fine segmentation. The results of the above steps are further integrated into a densely connected conditional random field that learns to respect the appearance, depth, and spatial affinities with pixel-level accuracy. In addition, we create a new RGBD waste object segmentation dataset, MJU-Waste, that is made public to facilitate future research in this area. The efficacy of our method is validated on both MJU-Waste and the Trash Annotation in Context (TACO) dataset.
VNF Chain Placement for Large Scale IoT of Intelligent Transportation
Authors: Wu Xing , Duan Jing , Zhong Mingyu , Li Peng , Wang Jianjia
Published: July 2020

With the advent of the Internet of things (IoT), intelligent transportation has evolved over time to improve traffic safety and efficiency as well as to reduce congestion and environmental pollution. However, there are some challenging issues to be addressed so that it can be implemented to its full potential. The major challenge in intelligent transportation is that vehicles and pedestrians, as the main types of edge nodes in IoT infrastructure, are on the constant move. Hence, the topology of the large scale network is changing rapidly over time and the service chain may need reestablishment frequently. Existing Virtual Network Function (VNF) chain placement methods are mostly good at static network topology and any evolvement of the network requires global computation, which leads to the inefficiency in computing and the waste of resources. Mapping the network topology to a graph, we propose a novel VNF placement method called BVCP (Border VNF Chain Placement) to address this problem by elaborately dividing the graph into multiple subgraphs and fully exploiting border hypervisors. Experimental results show that BVCP outperforms the state-of-the-art method in VNF chain placement, which is highly efficient in large scale IoT of intelligent transportation.
Phosphorylation of the Arginine-Rich C-Terminal Domains of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Core Protein as a Fine Regulator of the Interaction between HBc and Nucleic Acid
Authors: de Rocquigny Hugues , Rat Virgile , Pastor Florentin , Darlix Jean Luc , Hourioux Christophe , Roingeard Philippe
Published: July 2020

The morphogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) viral particles is nucleated by the oligomerization of HBc protein molecules, resulting in the formation of an icosahedral capsid shell containing the replication-competent nucleoprotein complex made of the viral polymerase and the pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA). HBc is a phospho-protein containing two distinct domains acting together throughout the viral replication cycle. The N-terminal domain, (residues 1–140), shown to self-assemble, is linked by a short flexible domain to the basic C-terminal domain (residues 150–183) that interacts with nucleic acids (NAs). In addition, the C-terminal domain contains a series of phospho-acceptor residues that undergo partial phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation during virus replication. This highly dynamic process governs the homeostatic charge that is essential for capsid stability, pgRNA packaging and to expose the C-terminal domain at the surface of the particles for cell trafficking. In this review, we discuss the roles of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of HBc protein during HBV morphogenesis, focusing on how the C-terminal domain phosphorylation dynamics regulate its interaction with nucleic acids throughout the assembly and maturation of HBV particles.
Interventions to improve uptake of urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout: a systematic review
Authors: Gill Iqbal , Dalbeth Nicola , 'Ofanoa Malakai , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: July 2020

Background

Gout treatment is suboptimal despite available therapy, with low levels of initiation and persistence of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in many patients.

Aim

To identify all interventions that have attempted to improve the uptake of ULT and analyse the clinical outcomes.

Design & setting

A systematic review of international articles published in English.

Method

A systematic search was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus databases to identify all studies on relevant interventions for gout. Interventions were included if they aimed to address patient adherence with serum urate (SU) level as an outcome. This included patient education, practitioner monitoring, medication titration, SU monitoring, and ongoing patient engagement and follow-up. Follow-up studies to original interventions and those with only an abstract available were included.

Results

Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria, describing outcomes of 18 interventions conducted in primary care settings: six nurse-led, five pharmacist-led, and seven multidisciplinary, multifaceted interventions. Improvement in SU levels was observed in all interventions. Nurse-led interventions were effective at empowering patients as they addressed illness perceptions and provided education, advice, and telephone follow-up. Pharmacist-led interventions primarily aimed to monitor patients, alter medication dosage, and provide automated telephone follow-up. Various multifaceted programmes involving a range of providers resulted in increased sustained use of urate-lowering medication.

Conclusion

A nurse-led approach focusing on patient understanding about gout is the most effective in achieving improved patient adherence, and lowered SU levels among patients. An intervention should include patient education and follow-up components.
IMPLEMENTASI DISKUSI REFLEKSI KASUS (DRK) MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM MENERAPKAN SOP MANAJEMEN NYERI
Authors: Kurniasih Yuni , Ardani A , Widiastuti W
Published: July 2020

Keberhasilan pelayanan kesehatan sangat tergantung pada partisipasi perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang berkualitas. Banyaknya tugas yang hars dilakukan perawat membuat perawat kurang maksimal dalam menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan. Salah satu kegiatan untuk memecahkan masalah yang muncul dalam pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya dengan refleksi kasus yang di Indonesia diperkenalkan melalui kegiatan Diskusi Refleksi Kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Diskusi Refleksi Kasus (DRK) dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan SPO manajemen nyeri di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan dilakukan pada responden yang berjumlah 35 responden. Analisa data untuk menguji pre dan post menggunakan Uji PairedT-test atauUji T berpasangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan kepatuhan penerapan sop manajemen nyeri didapatkan t hitung 13.126 dan signifikansi 0,00.

 

The success of health services is highly dependent on the participation of nurses to provide quality nursing care. The number of tasks that must be done by nurses makes nurses less optimal in carrying out their duties as providers of nursing care. One of the activities to solve problems that arise in the health service is one of them by reflecting cases which introduced in Indonesia through the Case Reflection Discussion. This study aims to determine whether the Case Reflection Disscussion (CRD) can increase nurses' compliance in implementing SOP pain management at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. Data analysis pre and post test used the Paired T-test or Paired T Test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of compliance with the application of standart operating procedure (SOP) pain management obtained t count 13,126 and a significance of 0.00.
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis and DnaJ Homolog Subfamily B Member 9 (DNAJB9)
Authors: Klomjit Nattawat , Alexander Mariam Priya , Zand Ladan
Published: July 2020

Fibrillary GN (FGN) is a rare glomerular disease that is diagnosed based on the presence of fibrils in glomeruli. The fibrils are typically noncongophilic, randomly oriented, and measure 12–24 nm. Traditionally, electron microscopy (EM) has been an important tool to aid in the diagnosis of FGN by identifying the fibrils and to distinguish it from other entities that could mimic FGN. However, recently DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 9 (DNAJB9) has emerged as both a specific and sensitive biomarker in patients with FGN. It allows prompt diagnosis and alleviates reliance on EM. DNAJB9 is a cochaperone of heat shock protein 70 and is involved in endoplasmic reticulum protein-folding pathways. But its role in the pathogenesis of FGN remains elusive. DNAJB9 may act as a putative antigen or alternatively it may secondarily bind to misfolded IgG in the glomeruli. These hypotheses need future studies to elucidate the role of DNAJB9 in the pathogenesis of FGN. The treatment regimen for FGN has been limited due to paucity of studies. Most patients receive combination immunosuppressive regimens. Rituximab has been studied the most in FGN and it may delay disease progression. Prognosis of FGN remains poor and 50% require dialysis within 2 years of diagnosis. Despite its poor prognosis in native kidneys, the rate of recurrence post-transplantation is low (20%) and patient as well as allograft outcomes are similar to patients without FGN.
A Systematic Approach To Promoting Home Hemodialysis during End Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Lockridge Robert , Weinhandl Eric , Kraus Michael , Schreiber Martin , Spry Leslie , Tailor Prayus , Carver Michelle , Glickman Joel , Miller Brent
Published: July 2020

Home dialysis has garnered much attention since the advent of the Advancing American Kidney Health initiative. For many patients and nephrologists, home dialysis and peritoneal dialysis are synonymous. However, home hemodialysis (HHD) should not be forgotten. Since 2004, HHD has grown more rapidly than other dialytic modalities. The cardinal feature of HHD is customizability of treatment intensity, which can be titrated to address the vexing problems of volume and pressure loading during interdialytic gaps and ultrafiltration intensity during each hemodialysis session. Growing HHD utilization requires commitment to introducing patients to the modality throughout the course of ESKD. In this article, we describe a set of strategies for introducing HHD concepts and equipment. First, patients initiating dialysis may attend a transitional care unit, which offers an educational program about all dialytic modalities during 3–5 weeks of in-facility hemodialysis, possibly using HHD equipment. Second, prevalent patients on hemodialysis may participate in “trial-run” programs, which allow patients to experience increased treatment frequency and HHD equipment for several weeks, but without the overt commitment of initiating HHD training. In both models, perceived barriers to HHD—including fear of equipment, anxiety about self-cannulation, catheter dependence, and the absence of a care partner—can be addressed in a supportive setting. Third, patients on peritoneal dialysis who are nearing a transition to hemodialysis may be encouraged to consider a home-to-home transition (i.e., from peritoneal dialysis to HHD). Taken together, these strategies represent a systematic approach to growing HHD utilization in multiple phenotypes of patients on dialysis. With the feature of facilitating intensive hemodialysis, HHD can be a key not only to satiating demand for home dialysis, but also to improving the health of patients on dialysis.
New Records of Dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus Bertolani, 1982 Provide Insight into Its Genetic Variability and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Pogwizd Justyna , Stec Daniel
Published: July 2020

In sediment samples collected from three distinct European locations (United Kingdom, France, Poland), populations of Dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus were found. The original description of this species was based solely on the morphology observed with light microscopy and later
supplemented by some additional SEM data of the buccal apparatus and DNA sequences of 18S rRNA and COI. Here we provide an updated description of the species by means of integrative taxonomy. The description comprises a comprehensive set of morphometric and morphological data from light and
scanning microscopy as well as nucleotide sequences of three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) fragments. Our analysis of haplotype diversity confirmed our morphological identification and showed that D. parthenogeneticus is widely distributed in Europe.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hereditary Neuropathies by Whole Exome Sequencing and Expanding the Phenotype Spectrum
Authors: Taghizadeh Sara , Vazehan Raheleh , Beheshtian Maryam , Sadeghinia Farnaz , Fattahi Zohreh , Mohseni Marzieh , Arzhangi Sanaz , Nafissi Shahriar , Kariminejad Ariana , Najmabadi Hossein , Kahrizi Kimia
Published: July 2020

Background: Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a group of neuropathies affecting peripheral motor and sensory neurons. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common disease in this group. With recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, more than 100 genes have been implicated for different types of CMT and other clinically and genetically inherited neuropathies. There are also a number of genes where neuropathy is a major feature of the disease such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We aimed to determine the genetic causes underlying IPNs in Iranian families. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) for 58 PMP22 deletion-/duplication-negative unrelated Iranian patients with a spectrum of phenotypes and with a preliminary diagnosis of hereditary neuropathies. Results: Twenty-seven (46.6%) of the cases were genetically diagnosed with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. In this study, we identified genetically strong variants within genes not previously linked to any established disease phenotype in five (8.6%) patients. Conclusion: Our results highlight the advantage of using WES for genetic diagnosis in highly heterogeneous diseases such as IPNs. Moreover, functional analysis is required for novel and uncertain variants.
The First Inherited Retinal Disease Registry in Iran: Research Protocol and Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Sabbaghi Hamideh , Daftarian Narsis , Suri Fatemeh , Mirrahimi Mehraban , Madani Sina , Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Khorrami Farid , Saviz Proshat , Zarei Nejad Mohammad , Tivay Ali , Shahriari Hossein Ali , Maleki Alireza , Ahmadi Seyed Sajad , Sargazi Monireh , Cremers Frans P.M. , Najafi Maryam , Vona Barbara , Haaf Thomas , Bahena-Carbajal Paulina , Moghadasi Afrooz , Naraghi Houra , Yaseri Mehdi , Kheiri Bahareh , Kalantarion Masoumeh , Sabbaghi Elham , Salami Mahtab , Pazooki Laleh , Zendedel Kazem , Mojarrab Shahnaz , Ahmadieh Hamid
Published: July 2020

Background: To describe the protocol for developing a national inherited retinal disease (IRD) registry in Iran and present its initial report. Methods: This community-based participatory research was approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran in 2016. To provide the minimum data set (MDS), several focus group meetings were held. The final MDS was handed over to an engineering team to develop a web-based software. In the pilot phase, the software was set up in two referral centers in Iran. Final IRD diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestations and genetic findings. Ultimately, patient registration was done based on all clinical and non-clinical manifestations. Results: Initially, a total of 151 data elements were approved with Delphi technique. The registry software went live at www. IRDReg.org based on DHIS2 open source license agreement since February 2016. So far, a total of 1001 patients have been registered with a mean age of 32.41±15.60 years (range, 3 months to 74 years). The majority of the registered patients had retinitis pigmentosa (42%, 95% CI: 38.9% to 45%). Genetic testing was done for approximately 20% of the registered individuals. Conclusion: Our study shows successful web-based software design and data collection as a proof of concept for the first IRD registry in Iran. Multicenter integration of the IRD registry in medical centers throughout the country is well underway as planned. These data will assist researchers to rapidly access information about the distribution and genetic patterns of this disease.
Spatial Survival Analysis of Initiation Age and Prevalence of Smoking in Iran; Results from a Population Based Study
Authors: Teimourpour Amir , Farshadfar Farzad , Yaseri Mehdi , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa
Published: July 2020

Background: The initiation age and prevalence of cigarette smoking are two important parameters in any smoking-related policymaking domain. Methods: Dataset was extracted from STEPs survey, a population-based study conducted in Iran in 2016. A total of 27612 participants were included in the current study. We used a spatial parametric survival mixture rate cure model with doubly censoring to simultaneously assess the initiation age and prevalence of smoking. Results: The entire study population, men and women had the estimated median initiation age of 23.3 (95% CI: 22.2–24.5), 21.9 (95% CI: 21.3–22.5), and 25.5 (95% CI: 22.8–28.7) years, and the prevalence of 10.11% (95% CI: 9.3%–11.0%), 22.3% (95% CI: 21.0%–23.6%), 0.78% (95% CI: 0.62%–0.97%), respectively. The hazard of smoking initiation in men was 66% which was higher than in women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.15-2.48). The odds of smoking in men was 36.5 times greater than that of women (odds ratio [OR] = 36.5, 95% CI: 29.66-45.52). Odds of smoking decreased by 32% in the entire study population and 14% with one level increase in their education (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.65-0.72) and socioeconomic status (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94), respectively. The geographical distribution of smoking initiation age varied from 21.5 to 26.37 years for the entire study population, 20.2 to 24.8 years for men, and 23.53 to 28.91 years for women. The geographical distribution of smoking prevalence varied from 5.46% to 14.98% for the entire study population, 12.82% to 30.98% for men, and 0.4% to 1.2% for women. Conclusion: The geographical distribution of smoking initiation age and prevalence showed that in different parts of the country, the initiation age and rate of smoking are different which should be considered in any preventative policy making.
Health Care and Medical Education to Promote Women’s Health in Iran; Four Decades Efforts, Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Tabatabai Shima , Simforoosh Nasser
Published: July 2020

Background: The aim of this paper is to present a synthesis of solutions for post-graduate medical education (PGME) and the health-care system in addressing challenges in relation to women’s health. Methods: A critical review was conducted within three themes: women’s health status, women’s preferences for female physicians, and women in surgery. The study was conducted in two phases that consisted of an analysis of the trends of Iranian women’s health and women’s participation in PGME since 1979 followed by a thematic analysis to assess the current challenges and their implications on medical education. Results: Our analysis revealed important trends and challenges. Since 1979, life expectancy has increased by 29% in Iranian women, while female adult mortality rate has decreased by 78%, and maternal mortality rate has decreased by 80%. The number of female medical specialists has increased by 933% , while the number of female subspecialists has increased by 1700%. According to our review, ten major challenges regarding women’s health were identified: 1) Increase in chronic disease; 2) Increase in cancer cases; 3) Preference for same-gender physicians in sensitive procedures; 4) Delayed care-seeking due to lack of female surgeons; 5) Lack of gender-concordance in clinical settings; 6) Underestimating female surgeons’ capabilities; 7) Female physicians’ work-family conflicts; 8) Male-dominancy in surgical departments; 9) Women’s under-representation in higher rank positions; and 10) Lack of women in academic leadership. Conclusion: We identified different solutions to bridge these gaps. Community-based education, Gender- concordant considerations, and empowering women in surgical departments could help medical education policy makers to address the challenges.
SOSIALISASI POTENSI LOKAL ACEH BARAT MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ALGA COKELAT (Sargassum sp) KEPADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI PANTAI LHOK BUBON ACEH BARAT
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Zuriat Zuriat
Published: July 2020

Indonesia is the biggest archipelago state that have high marine biodiversity. One of the marine biodiversity that have bright prospect in the future are marine macroalgae. Marine macroalgae have distributed widely in the coastal area of Indonesia especially West South Aceh. Marine macroalga have distributed in the West South Aceh. Marine macroalgae are consist of three classes namely Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta dan Chlorophyta classes. One of the marine macroalgae that have important economical value is brown algae (Sargassum sp). However, the utilization of brown algae (Sargassum sp) has not yet optimal. It is caused by lack of knowledge and skill related marine macroalgae processing. Therefore, the researcher has conducted the activity of empowering community at Lhok Bubon Coastal area. The conducting method of the activity of empowering community including survey of brown alga’s site, the socialization of brown alga utilization and forming the coastal community group. The result that reached in conducting empowering community was the enhanching of knowledge and skill of coastal community. The conducting of empowering community were acknowledged by coastal community of Lhok Bubon. Their hope are how to process the brown alga in order to give value added for local community prosperity.
Assessing the Implementation of Biophilic Design Strategies in Selected office Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Aduwo E.B. , Akinwole O.O. ,   Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Published: July 2020

With the ever-increasing rate of urbanization and organisations opting to discard biophilic designs for minimalist designs at the detriment of productivity, the natural environment has been cast-off as a critical feature in determining the quality of human life. It has been discovered that there is an innate desire for human beings to connect with nature, which is being described as biophilia. Thus, organisations are seeking innovative measures of integrating the natural environment into the workplace as it has been proven to enhance well-being and productivity while saving cost. The study area, Lagos state is a densely populated city whose rise in population has been poorly managed with increasing pollution levels that reduce the quality of life, which is why it is imperative for organisations to create a sustainable environment that enhances work activities. To this end, this study seeks to evaluate the implementation of biophilic design strategies in selected office buildings in Lagos, Nigeria. Data is obtained using questionnaires and analysed using both content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Purposive sampling was used to select the buildings that were studied while the respondents were selected by means of the stratified sampling technique. The findings reveal that daylight is the most implemented biophilic design strategy. The benefits of biophilic integration have been reviewed, as well as areas for future research. With more attention being placed on conducive workplace environment this research helps to ascertain the most utilized biophilic design strategy and how it can be easily incorporated in buildings.
DEVELOPING METHOD OF TEACHING ‘INFORMATION LITERACY IN TIMES OF DISASTER’ IN JAPANESE LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Honda Akiko
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the need for education in ‘Information Literacy in Times of Disaster’ in Japanese language education for non-native speakers of Japanese who are staying in Japan. ‘Information Literacy in Times of Disaster’ refers to the ability to obtain necessary information and transmit it as appropriate in the circumstances when a major natural disaster occurs, such as an earthquake. After the April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, the author investigated the behavior of international students when the earthquake occurred, the criteria for their decisions, their means of collecting information and other matters. The results revealed the issue that international students’ behavior frequently relied on others’ words and they could not make decisionsindependently. The factors causing these issues include: (1) lack of knowledge and understanding of Japanese language and Japanese society; (2) psychological distance from information in Japanese; and (3) capacity to analyze information. This report proposes the development of methods of teaching ‘Information Literacy in Times of Disaster’ to resolve these issues and discusses how the development of these teaching methods will contribute to furthering information literacy education in Japanese languageeducation.
AN ANALYSIS EFL STUDENTSANALYSIS EFL STUDENTS TRANSLATION OF PREPOSITION IN, ON AND AT A THINK ALOUD- PROTOCOL STUDY TRANSLATION OF PREPOSITION IN, ON AND AT A THINK ALOUD- PROTOCOL STUDY
Authors: Handayani Wuriy
Published: July 2020

Translating prepositions in, on and at is not an easy job for EFL students since the meanings relate to locating object, time, and degree. With regard to this point, this study aims at identifying strategies, methods, and procedures used by EFL students to translate preposition in, on and at. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. Think-Aloud Protocol data collecting technique carries out to identify student’s strategies, methods, and procedures in translating prepositions in, on and at. To do this, the data of student’s transcriptions and students’ translations obtained from three students were analyzed. The findings indicate that students use more than one strategies, methods and procedures.
Investigating English to Indonesian Live Simile Translation
Authors: Ramayanti Ismarita , Prameswari Nabila Maudy
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on English to Indonesian live simile translation. Live simile is the mostly occurred in novels, but unfortunately, under-researched. 33 live similes were collected from a novel and 12 data were chosen randomly to be analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The comparison markers used to identify the live simile were based on Pierini’s and the procedures applied to analyze the data were based on Newmark’s. The study concluded that the comparison marker mostly used was verb-like and the mostly used translation procedure was reproducing the same image in the translation. It was also revealed that culture has significant role in translating simile and therefore, translators need to relate their culture knowledge in the source language in order to reproduce the same image in the translated text.
कल्प वेदांग में यज्ञ की प्रासंगिकता
Authors: पाठक स्नेहा
Published: July 2020

वेद वैदिक साहित्य का आधार हैं। वेद चार हैं - ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद, सामवेद, अथर्ववेद। वेदों का सुगमता एवं सरलता से अध्ययन करने के लिए वेदांगो की रचना हुई है; यह 6 वेदांग है – शिक्षा, छंद, व्याकरण, निरुक्त, ज्योतिष और कल्प। वेदविहित कर्मों, यज्ञ संबंधी कर्मकांड तथा विविध संस्कार आदि का जिस शास्त्र में क्रमबद्ध रूप से प्रतिपादन किया जाए वही कल्प कहलाता है। वेद का प्रमुख विषय यज्ञ है। इस दृष्टी से कल्प वेदांग महत्वपूर्ण हैं। यज्ञों का जो विवेचन ब्राह्मण ग्रन्थों में प्राप्त है लेकिन वे बहुत ही जटिल हैं उनको सरल, शुलभ एंव स्पष्ट करने के लिए कल्प सूत्रों की रचना अनिवार्य थी। कल्प वेदांग के यह ग्रंथ सूत्रों के रूप में है, इन कल्प सूत्रों को चार भागों में विभक्त किया गया है  – 1) श्रौतसूत्र, 2) शुल्वसूत्र, 3) धर्मसूत्र, 4) गृहसूत्र।

श्रौतसूत्र ग्रंथों को ब्राह्मण ग्रंथों का सार कहा जा सकता है, क्योंकि ब्राह्मणग्रंथों में कर्मकांड अर्थात यज्ञ कर्मकांड आदि को अत्यंत विस्तृत रूप में बताया गया है और श्रौत सूत्रों में उन्हीं यज्ञ विधि-विधान का साररूप में वर्णन देखने को मिलता है। शुल्बसूत्र संस्कृत के सूत्रग्रन्थ हैं जो श्रौत कर्मों (वैदिक यज्ञ) से सम्बन्धित हैं। इनमें यज्ञ-वेदी की रचना से संबंधित ज्यामितीय ज्ञान दिया हुआ है।  अधिकतर गृहसूत्रों में धर्मसूत्रों के ही विषय मिलते हैं। पूतगृहाग्नि, गृहयज्ञ विभाजन, प्रातः सायं की उपासना, अमावस्या पूर्णमासी की उपासना, पके भोजन का हवन, वार्षिक यज्ञ, पुंसवन, जातकर्म, विवाह, उपनयन एंव अन्य संस्कार छात्रों स्नातकों एंव छुट्टियों के नियम, श्राद्ध कर्म, इत्यादि है। धर्मसूत्र की विषय परिधि बहुत विस्तृत है, उसका मुख्य विषय आचार विधि-नियम एंव क्रिया-संस्कारों की विधिवत चर्चा करना है । गृहसूत्रों में मुख्यतः गृह संबंधी के याज्ञिक कर्मों एवं संस्कारों का वर्णन है, जिसका सम्बन्ध मुख्यतः गृह्स्थ से है। धर्मसूत्र की विषय वस्तु एंव प्रकरणों में धर्मसूत्रों का गृहसूत्रों से घनिष्ट संबंध है। धर्मसूत्रों और गृहसूत्रों मे पारिवरिक और सामाजिक जीवन के साथ साथ आंतरिक जीवन यज्ञ के सूत्र हैं। इन चारो कल्प सूत्रों मे यज्ञ के आंतरिक एवम बाह्य (कर्मकाण्ड परक) यज्ञ के सारे सूत्र उपलब्ध है जिसका व्यक्ति व समाज के उत्थान के लिये उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
Teaching about power and empathy in multicultural societies
Authors: Friesem Elizaveta
Published: July 2020

This essay describes the sequence of three activities (from one U.S. university course) that aimed to (1) increase students’ awareness about social injustices, (2) help them develop their empathy to see the complexity of these injustices, and (3) consider ways to change the social system through civic dialogue. The first activity was designed to explore the dynamics of cultural appropriation using principles of media literacy education and the concept of power. The second activity complicated the picture by encouraging students to reflect on the importance of empathy. Students discussed how empathy can substitute blame in conversations about cultural appropriation. The third activity connected empathy to practices of nonviolent communication (developed by Marshall Rosenberg) and Kingian nonviolence. As a result, students were able to discuss how these principles can be applied to cultural appropriation, especially when media technologies are involved.
Palavra do Editor
Authors: Del Roio Marcos
Published: July 2020

Palavra do editor
Um debate perdido nas origens da Teoria da Revolução Brasileira: Introdução aos documentos de Plínio Mello (24 fev 1928 e 21 fev 1928)
Authors: Andreto Lucas
Published: July 2020

Seção clássicos - documentos desta edição de Novos Rumos traz cartas inéditas de Plinio Mello ao PCB sobre as eleições.
Hegel, Espinosa e o marxismo: para além de dicotomias
Authors: Vieira Martins Mauricio
Published: July 2020

O artigo analisa alguns aspectos do pensamento de Hegel e de Espinosa, no que diz respeito à contribuição destes pensadores para o marxismo. Tal análise se insere nas tentativas ocorridas, de alguns anos para cá, de superar aquelas abordagens dicotômicas que apresentavam como excludentes as contribuições destes dois pensadores para a teoria marxista. Em Espinosa, foram enfatizados: seu distanciamento frente às doutrinas criacionistas de sua época; sua crítica à suposição de que existe uma teleologia na natureza; sua defesa da democracia como regime político. Em Hegel, abordamos a importância das contradições no processo histórico; as determinações de reflexão (pares categoriais que só existem em referência recíproca); a descontinuidade trazida pelo trabalho humano na causalidade natural. O artigo se encerra discutindo dentro de que limites pode-se sustentar as categorias da negação e da negatividade numa abordagem contemporânea.
Os meios de comunicação, Gramsci e a construção de homem-dirigido
Authors: Ercolani Paolo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo trata do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci problematizando a seguinte hipótese de trabalho: se for verdade que o campo de estudo e ação mais importante da filosofia marxista consistiu na análise das formas de domínio do mais forte sobre o mais fraco, a grande intuição de Antonio Gramsci parece ter oferecido um dos legados mais frutíferos, que reside, sobretudo no reconhecimento de como, em pleno século XX, surgiam novas formas de dominação para além do contexto estrutural, afetando diretamente a superestrutura ideológica.