bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Heat Distribution of Pans
Authors: Lv Wang Yong , Guo Can , Wang Hui Qi , Ling Yun
Published: September 2013

During baking, rectangular pans often overcook the product and round pans can't make full use of the space of the oven. In this paper, two models are build to discuss the heat distribution and uniformity of different shapes pans. Initially build the heat uniformity Model. Through the analysis of the heat distribution and geometrical property, a formula is given to calculate the uniformity of regular polygon. In order to describe the heat uniformity of all kind of shape, the thermal distribution model is build to discuss the heat distribution of the bottom of different pans. By computer simulation, the temperature at the corners of the rectangular pan is the highest and the temperature across the outer edge of the round pan is even, which is consistent with reality.
Dissolving Approach of Cellulose and its Application in Producing Cellulose Functional Material
Authors: Geng Hong Juan , Yuan Zai Wu , Qin Meng Hua
Published: September 2013

Cellulose, the most abundant materials in the plant resources, has been paid more attention. The updated technology of cellulose dissolution and the application of cellulose functional material were reviewed, especially the compounds of cellulose/inorganic (or organic) substance. The review is of benefit to the research in familiarizing with cellulose dissolution and its application.
Mechanical Characteristic Analysis of Dredger Crane Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Wang Jian Bo , Xu Xun Qian , Zhu Yong
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the safety and stability of dredger crane (DC), three dimensional finite element models for the DC were established. By applied loads and boundary conditions, the area of stress concentrations, the axis force of jib cylinder and the reaction force of the king structure was obtained under four typical working conditions. Meanwhile, the related theoretical calculations were accomplished to comparing finite element results and at last some suggestions were given. The conclusions can provide a theoretical reference for the further structure design and optimization of DC.
Numerical Simulation for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow along the Borehole after Air Cutting
Authors: Sun Xiao Feng , Qu Jun Bo , Yan Tie , Wang Li
Published: September 2013

When gas kick Occurs during drilling, because of pressure, temperature, coefficient of gas compressibility and other parameters changing continuously, gas will slip along the borehole and also accompany expansion some extent, and bottom hole differential pressure increases, resulting in the amount of invasion gas increasing continuously until blowout. The procedure of gas kick till blowout in the borehole is transient gas-liquid two-phase flow, studying on The development of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters variation characteristics and bottom hole pressure variation characteristics plays an significant role to understand blowout occurrence and development characteristics. This paper using methane-mud as the circulating medium simulates the procedure of gas kick till blowout near the bottom under the condition which is almost the onsite drilling process, Analyzing the flow pattern, bottom hole pressure variation characteristics, and velocity distribution under the different stages of gas kick, different influx, and obtained an initial understanding.
Analysis of the Influences of Drilling Fluid Flow Velocity inside and outside the Drilling String on Drilling String Lateral Vibration Frequency
Authors: Yan Tie , Wang Li , Sun Xiao Feng , Qu Jun Bo
Published: September 2013

Drilling string lateral vibration is a severe damage,which is influenced by many complex factors. This paper makes a theoretical analysis of the drilling string lateral vibration frequency caused by drilling fluid flow velocity inside and outside the drilling string, which supplies some evidence for calculating rotation speed of rotary table and reduces the times of drill string resonance. The influence of drilling fluid flow velocity inside the drilling string on lateral vibration frequency is analyzed by Euler method. Besides,through the use of mechanical analysis method and the introduction of additional mass coefficient. A differential equation of drilling string lateral vibration with the consideration of drilling fluid flow velocity inside and outside the drilling string is built up, and a mathematical model of drilling string lateral vibration under the influence of drilling fluid flow velocity is obtained. Field applications indicate that this model is in agreement with the field condition.
Key words: mass coefficient;differential equation; drilling fluid flow velocity;
lateral vibration frequency;
Summary in Research on Kick Detection Technology
Authors: Luan Shi Zhu , Sun Xiao Feng , Wang Ke Lin , Geng A Xin
Published: September 2013

The complexity and depth of drilling are increasing constantly, so an advanced well control technology is required, and early kick detection as the key to well control is very important. Rapid and accurate kick detection helps to eliminate kick and rebalance the wellbore pressure, which not only improves drilling operation efficiency, but also reduces the probability of blowout, well collapse and other accidents. Accordingly, this paper has analyzed the applicable conditions, advantages and shortcomings, and field applications of the existing kick detection technology including mud pit surface detection, delta flow method, liquid level monitoring in the wellbore detection, gas invasion detection, kick detection while drilling, multi-parameter comprehensive detection system and comprehensive logging detection and analysis technology, and proposed the research trends and application suggestions of kick detection technology.
A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Wavelet Bit Plane Coding
Authors: Yan Gao , Liang Yan , Zhou Xin , Qi Chun Xia
Published: September 2013

In this paper a algorithm of digital image watermark based on wavelet bit plane is introduced, and the original image is not required for detecting the watermarking. The digital watermark is embedded by changing information of some bit planes in DWT images at different resolutions. The watermark can be extracted on the difference bit plane values of subimages of the decomposed watermarked image which is then mapped to an image with a few shades of gray. Experimental results show that the watermark is robust to several signal processing techniques, including JPEG compression and some image processing operations
The Calculating Method of the Degree of Freedom about the Rigid-Flexible Hybrid Mechanism
Authors: Han Ze Guang , Hao Rui Qin
Published: September 2013

The learning and interchange of the research workers in mechanical engineering field is very difficult because the high error probability and difficult understanding in the degree of freedom calculation about the rigid-flexible hybrid mechanism.In this paper,the pairing and mechanism characteristics of flexible mechanism have been firstly researched based on the kinetic characteristic of flexible mechanism.The degree of freedom calculating method of the flexible mechanism has been provided.This method is then expanded to the degree of freedom calculating of the rigid-flexible hybrid mechanism.The above methods are correct and validity by some examples testing.and it can efficiently support the design concept verifying.
Experimental Study on the Dielectric Spectrum of Cotton Fiber Aggregation
Authors: Lv Han Ming , Ma Chong Qi
Published: September 2013

The dielectric spectrum of cotton fiber aggregation was tested with broadband dielectric spectrum measurement system in this paper. The relationship between the real part of permittivity and the bulk density of cotton fiber aggregation was then analyzed with least squares method. Experimental results show that, there is nearly a linear relationship between the real part of permittivity and the bulk density of the fiber aggregation at the frequency ranging from 100 kHz to 20MHz when the fiber aggregation was introduced into a parallel plate capacitor with constant volume. Moreover, for the dielectric constant measurement of cotton fiber aggregation, the measurement frequency should be greater than 100 kHz in order to decrease the measurement error.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Thermoplastic PE/PE Composites: Labeling of Clustered AE Signals
Authors: Yang Bi Ling , Liu Sen , He Xiao Xia , Zheng Shao Qiong
Published: September 2013

Thermoplastic self-reinforced polyethylene (PE/PE) composites were tested under quasi-static tensile load and the failure processes weremonitored by Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. The AE signals were collected and clustered by Unsupervised Pattern Recognition (UPR) scheme. The initiation and progression of the damage mechanisms in the composites can then be reviewed by the cumulative AE hits of each cluster versus strain curves. But the labeling of each cluster is crucial to the failure analysis. The paper focuses on this correlating between the obtained clusters and their specific damage modes. This was carried out by waveform visualization and Fast Fourier Transform analysis. Pure resin and fiber bundles were tested to assist in the labeling of signal classes in the composites (90°, 0° and [±45°] specimens). Typical waveforms of matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, fiber fracture and fiber pullout were indentified respectively. The evolution process of various damage mechanisms in the composites revealed that the correlating method was effective. An objective and repeatable analytical procedure is established for the investigation of progressive failure mechanisms in the thermoplastic composites.
On-Line Measurement of Fiber Temperature in the Melt-Spinning Processes
Authors: Wen Xin , Yang Sheng Lin , Li Guang
Published: September 2013

The online temperature detections of fiber along the spinning line should be the important means for the precise controlling of fiber higher order structures as well as fiber-final performance. In this paper, a method of measurement fiber temperature has been introduced which mainly use the instrument of monochromatic infrared thermometer to measure fiber temperature in the melt-spinning processes. Due to the probe field of view of monochromatic infrared thermometer being much larger than the fiber diameter, monochrome infrared thermometers can't be used to measure temperature of fibers directly, the measurement results is an average between the fiber and backgrounds, which can't be used to indicate the temperature of fibers directly and have to calibrated. The calibrated results of monochromatic infrared thermometer are compared to the measurement results of infrared thermography. It has been found that the on-line measurement with infrared thermometer could promise high-speed and highly reliable temperature testing for the fibers.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis Based on Qualitative Simulation
Authors: Deng Lei Lei , Zhang Xian
Published: September 2013

Engineering technology system's complexity cause a series of system problems, this is without a doubt the contemporary control engineering field important challenges. In order to deal with this kind of challenge, appear a series of system fault detection and diagnosis technology, including qualitative simulation technology is one of the important technical one. Through the Qualitative Simulation theory QSIM (Qualitative Simulation) related theory analysis and of the technology in fault detection field operation of the process of research, analysis found that the technology in the field of FDD advantages and disadvantages, in view of the existing shortage, it gives a fuzzy set theory and similarity principle on the make, theoretically perfect this model, and the detection and diagnosis research form an effective guidance.
Preparation of PHB/PLLA/n-HA Composite Ultrafine Fibers via Electrospinning
Authors: Du Jiang Hua , Ren Liu Yang , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2013

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly (L-lactide) (PLLA)/nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) composite Ultrafine Fibers with diameter of 610 ~ 830 nm were prepared by electro-spinning. The surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the process of prepareing spinning solutions, the constituent of spinning solutions, the concentration of PHB/PLLA/ n-HA blends spinning solutions and the collection distance on the surface morphology of fibers were discussed. The results indicated that n-HA mixing with solvent prior to other materimals for electrospingning could prepare the homogeneity of the spinning mixture. In all of the spinning conditions investigated ,When using chloroform (CF) /N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF ) mixture as spinning solvent , PHB/PLLA/HA composite ultrafine fibers were not fabricated by electro-spinning, but chloroform can do. The average diameter of as-spun fibers increased with increasing concentration of PHB/PLLA/HA blends spinning solutions and collection distance.
Plasma Modification of Kapok Fiber and its Properties
Authors: Jiang Tao , Ding Ying , Shen Yong
Published: September 2013

Kapok fiber has a unique large thin-walled hollow structure, lightweight and water repellent oil of excellent features, and is not yet fully exploited the small breed natural fibers. In the development process of the use of kapok fiber, there is a problem of dyeing, finishing, dyeing rate, dyeing and poor. Plasma processing technique is a modification to the fiber surface, non-polluting promising new technologies and has energy efficient. The research kapok fiber after plasma surface modification, found kapok modified staining rate has been significantly improved absorbent; Modified kapok fiber mechanical properties are not changed significantly; While exploring the plasma modified kapok fiber optimum.
Test Method Development for Determining of Amount of Inorganic Additives in Spunbond Nonwovens
Authors: Wang Xian Qing , Yang Xin Hui , Zhu Rui Tian , Zhang Xiao Dong
Published: September 2013

With the increasingly competitive pressure, spunbond nonwoven products marketed is becoming more cost sensitive. Inorganic additives, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate , has been mixed into the standard organic spinning solution for either reducing the raw material cost or enhancing some of the physical properties. Therefore, its necessary to find a test method to evaluating the quality of these products. This paper developed a test method for determining the amount of inorganic additives and calcium carbonate in nonwovens by thermogravimetry analysis, and proved its effectiveness.
Effect of Time and Temperature when Removing PVA from a PET/PVA Nonwoven Material
Authors: Ncube Sizo , Zhang Chu Yang , Omollo Edison , Liu Li
Published: September 2013

The study examined the effect of heat and time on fabrics made from polyester (PET) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres which have different aerial densities and composed of 90% and 10% of PET and PVA respectively. PVA is included in the fabric due to its water solubility and this will allow the PVA to be removed thereby leaving a more porous fabric. The fabrics were passed through needle punching machine and PVA removed by heating in a water bath. The nonwoven fibre was then heated in water at temperatures of 75, 85 and 100 °C in an effort to remove the PVA fibres and leave a more porous fabric. While removing the PVA through heating in a water bath, the effect of heating period and the temperature on the fabric properties was investigated. The strength, elongation and structure of the fabric were investigated and the changes analysed. It was found that there was a significant removal of PVA at longer periods of time when at a high temperature. The effect on the properties was found to be higher with higher temperatures as well with a decrease in strength ranging between 40% and 60% being experienced while an increase in elongation, between 60% and 90% was experienced. Fibre spacing and pore size was found to have increased as well.
Thermal Protection Evaluation of Fire Fighter Ensembles Using a Flame Manikin Test System
Authors: Li Xiao Hui , Wang Min , Li Jun
Published: September 2013

Objective and quantitative evaluation of garment thermal protective performance should be based on the simulation of human in actual thermal environments as realistic as possible. In this paper, by using a new type of flame manikin which can rotate and make different postures, the dynamic scene where a firefighter wearing fire protective ensembles rescue in the flash fire was simulated. The skin burn prediction result showed that the total burn percent suffered by the manikin was 7.76%, of which the 2nd degree burn and the 3rd degree burn was 5.12% and 2.64% respectively. This indicated that the firefighter ensembles exhibited relatively good thermal protective performance. It can provide enough protection for the firefighter in 8s dynamic exposure while more protection should be added to the head.
Investigation of Nanotribological Characterization of Stretched European Hair Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Hong Ling , Yu Wei Dong
Published: September 2013

In order to understand the influence of stretching on the nanotribological properties of human hair, the European hair with stretching ratios at 20, 40, 60 and 80% were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that appropriate stretching ratios (40-60%) make the European hair surface smoother and the friction measurements also verify the result. When the stretching ratio is 80%, the European hair has the highest coefficient of friction. The reason is that cuticle damages lead to the local ratchet and collision between AFM tip and the sample obviously increased. With the increase of stretching ratios, the adhesive force of European hair is nonlinear change, which is attributed to the influence of contact area, water molecules absorbed and the amount of polar molecules.
Development of Blended Conductive Yarn and Antistatic Filter Cloth
Authors: Mao Cheng Dong , Guo Xin
Published: September 2013

Pre-draft for the stainless steel conductive fiber was completed by using the large roller straddletype drafting-cutting technology and the production of the conductive yarn was realized using conventional spinning equipment. This paper successfully developed the antistatic filter cloth taking advantage of the conductive yarns for the petrochemical industry and educed the regression equation between the charge surface density under all kinds of conductive fiber content in the conductive yarn and conductive yarn spacing, which assumed a cubic polynomial curve relationship. The corresponding relationship between the conductive fiber content in the conductive yarn and conductive yarn spacing concluded can be used to guide practical production.
Effect of Honeysuckle Extract for Color Protection of Human Hair Exposed to Sunlight Radiation
Authors: Chen Yuan , Li Qiong , Zhang Wan Ping , Cui Jian Jie , Wu Xiao Jian
Published: September 2013

Color protective effects of honeysuckle extract, benzophenone-3, and non-ionic silicon emulsion to hair fibers were compared by measuring color change of hair exposed to UV irradiation. Dyed color fades faster than natural pigment of hair after sunlight irradiation. Experiment results indicate that honeysuckle extract prevented color fading of dyed red hair in 49.52% and virgin black hair in 19.35% due to its strong antioxidant ability, while color protection effect of benzophenone-3 is not obvious. Non-ionic silicone emulsion provided the best maintenance of hair color of 81.46% in dyed red hair and 41.94% in virgin black hair. However, the synergy of honeysuckle extract with non-ionic silicone emulsion for hair color protecting was not encouraged.
Effect of Polymeric Emulsifier and Ratio of Soft/Hard Monomer on the Property of Acrylic Emulsion as Fabric Stiffening Agent
Authors: Gong Jia Lin , Liu Guo Jun , Zhang Gui Xia , Liu Su Hua , Wu Jia Hang , Liu Qing Wen
Published: September 2013

By adding polymeric emulsifier, acrylic emulsion as the fabric stiffening agent with core-shell structure was synthesized visa monomer concentration gradient dropwise addition method. The effect of synthetic condition such as the content of polymeric emulsifier and ratio of soft monomer (BA)/hard monomer (MMA) on properties of acrylic emulsion were studied in detail, and the role of polymeric emulsifier during the process of the film-forming was also discussed. Films after tackiness resistance, minimum filming temperature (MFT) and glass transition temperature (Tg) were tested by QNF, QMB type measuring instrument and differential scanning calorimeters (DSC), respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed the morphology of latex particles. Results showed 40wt% polymeric emulsifier was the best emulsifying system in term of emulsion stability, after tackiness resistance, MFT and appearance of the emulsion. DSC analysis confirmed that the polymeric emulsifier and acrylic emulsion could not fully achieve thermodynamic compatibility. In addition, TEM results showed that latex particles prepared by monomer concentration gradient dropwise addition method had obvious core-shell structure. Hydrogen-bond interaction between polymeric emulsifiers carboxyls played a great role in the film-forming process, so polymeric emulsifier could improve films after tackiness resistance and MFT.
Comprehensive Evaluation on Performance of PSA Blended Fabrics
Authors: Luo Xiao Wen , Shu Zhi Qing , Li Jun
Published: September 2013

To reveal specific wearing property and principle of polysulfonamide (PSA) blended fabric, this paper aims to make a comparative study of the performance of new PSA blended fabric based on mechanical property, thermal protective performance and, at the same time, explore the performance gap between the different fabrics. Based on the gray fixed weight clustering analysis of gray system theory, several PSA blended fabric have been proved with excellent comprehensive performance, these provided a basis for the selection of thermal protective clothing fabrics.
Study on the Modification of Silk Fabric with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Shu , Liu Zu Lan , Jiang Yu Chun , Chen Li Man , Wang Jun , Zhang Xin Yu , Zhang Yuan Song
Published: September 2013

Pure silk has good luster and biological compatibility , but its conductivity is very poor; CNT(carbon nanotubes) is good at adsorbing and has good conductivity. Therefore, with CNT modifying silk fabric, silk fabric properties could be improved. In this paper, the CNT was purified and modified with acid, and the silk fabric was modified with CNT which was treated. And it studied the effects of solution’s pH, the concentration of CNT, reaction time, reaction temperature and bath ratio on modification.The best process conditions of the study was determined by the results of gain rate of weight and K/S value,namely: the solution pH is 4, the weight of CNT is 0.06 g, the reaction time is 90 minutes, the reaction temperature is 95 °C and reaction of bath ratio is 1:200. Under this condition, the conductivity performance of the sample, is best.
Investigation into the Fabric Handle which Weaved on Air-Jet Loom by Bundle Yarn Filling Insertion Technology
Authors: Weng Yi , Cui Hong Jun
Published: September 2013

Aimed to investigate the fabric handle which weaved with bundle yarn filling insertion technology, the properties of interlace resistance, flatness, friction, bending and compressing are tested. And 2 fabrics with the same size which weaved by different weaving methods on air-jet loom are analyzed contrastively. The result shows that the double wefts satin fabric which weaved with bundle yarn filling insertion technology had the adjacent interweave resistance, touched more flat and stiff compared to which weaved by traditional weaving technique. It was smoother and had better bending properties at warp orientation. But along weft orientation, it was rougher and had less bending properties.
The Origin and Heritage of Kesi Technique
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Long Di
Published: September 2013

Although Chinese Kesiorigin is being recognized in various ways at present, yet its history of textual research lasts at least more than two thousand years. Moreover, a change occurred in Song Dynasty that high-grade works of art of Kesi paintings and calligraphies emerged, which formed the peak of Chinese Kesi art. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Kesi in the south region of Yangtze River inherited the skill of that in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it gradually declined after the Republican Period. After new China was founded, Kesi developed vigorously in Suzhou, and it had already been enrolled to the National Non-material Cultural Heritage list. This paper aims to explain the origin, the mutation, and the inheritance carrying of Chinese Kesi, then make a summary concerning the regulation. Not only will a clear cognition be made based on the previous research, but also it might be usible for reference about the protection of non-material cultural heritage in the future.
Effect of Card Cylinder/Taker-in Speed Ratio on Yarn Quality
Authors: Xu Lan Jie , Sun Peng Zi , Guo Xin
Published: September 2013

Yarns respectively produced by gill pin taker-in and saw-tooth taker-in under different speed ratios were tested by Premier PT7000 evenness tester. The results show that under the experimental conditions, a smaller speed ratio is helpful for the improvement of the yarn quality. Since the main factors of fiber transfer from the taker-in are the centrifugal force and the airflow action, simply discussing the effect of the speed ratio on yarn quality is meaningless. The taker-in speed should first insure that fibers have enough centrifugal forces, which must be definite for discussing the speed ratio. Under the conditions of ensuring well fiber transfer and certain carding degree, speed ratio discussion makes more sense.
The Performance Test and Analysis of Sorona Elastic Swimsuit Fabric
Authors: Yan Yu Xiu , He Ling , Lei Shan Shan , Lu Ya Ping , Feng Yan Na , Tao Jian Wei
Published: September 2013

The common swimsuit fabrics on the market are mainly polyamide/ spandex, polyester/ spandex blended at present, which have some defects such as easy deformation, short service life etc. Sorona is a new kind of biomass fiber with low carbon and environmental protection, which has more superior performances than spandex that could ensure the fabric elastic lasting and stable. The paper uses seamless technology to weave new polyamide/ Sorona/ spandex swimsuit fabric, and compare with the ordinary polyamide/ spandex, polyester/ spandex fabric, by testing the specimen of tensile elasticity, elastic recovery and plasticity deformation rate, burst strength, and many other swimsuit related performance metrics. Come to conclusions: polyamide/ Sorona/ spandex fabric with superior elasticity, good comprehensive performance of elastic recovery and plastic deformation rate, excellent burst resistant performance , small hygroscopicity and fine permeability is suitable for swimsuit fabrics, providing reference for the development of high comfort seamless swimwear fabric.
Research on the Patent Analysis of Naitonal Protection Textile Industry
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Jian
Published: September 2013

Use of patent intelligence analysis method,through Patent literature on the measurement of research in the Protective textile sector,find out the status of applications of the patented technology in this fieldR&D situation and Principal applicant,In order for related technical personnel and scientific and technological management personnel to provide a scientific basis and useful reference.
Analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis Antibacterial Ingredients Used in Cotton Fabric
Authors: Chen Tao , Zang Hai Di , Zhang De Liang , Bai Yan
Published: September 2013

Substances extracted from the scutellaria based on the boiled were introduced to make the cotton fabrics achieve a good antibacterial properties. Specifically, the orthogonal experiment was designed based on four factors such as the concentration of extraction (compared with the original extraction), temperature, pH and mordant dyeing methods. It is proved that the cotton fabrics in such conditions, for instance, the scutellaria concentration of extraction of 80%, pH value of 9, at 80°C and the media reprocessing, can acquire a good antibacterial properties, and the bacillus subtilis antibacterial rate can reach 86.69%. Simultaneously, the rate of antibacterial against escherichia coli can reach 74.77%. It can still keep a good antibacterial properties after three times washing and ten times washing, and the bacillus subtilis inhibition rate is approximately 84.73% and 72.37% respectively, and the E. coli antibacterial rate is approximately 70.78% and 64.27% respectively.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Wave Pretreatment of Reed Leaf Cellulose Dissolved in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao Hou Jie , Wei Chun Yan , Cui Yong Zhu , Lv Li Hua , Xiao Wang
Published: September 2013

It took long time for reed leaf cellulose to dissolve in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), and part of the cellulose was degraded and the fiber strength reduced greatly. In order to decrease its dissolution time, the ultrasonic wave pretreatment was applied in this article. Results were showed through polarizing microscopy, SEM, FT-IR and XRD. By comparing the original fiber with the regenerated cellulose, it can be concluded that Ultrasonic wave pretreatment significantly increased the crystallinity of the fiber, weakened the fibrillation on fiber surface obviously, which proved the process was a physical change and did not affect the cellulose structure.
Study on the Photochemical Decolorization of Orange II by Natural Goethite
Authors: Zhou Wei Li , Ding Wei , Kuang Jie , Chen Long , Li Jin Jun
Published: September 2013

The decolorization of Orange II in goethite/UV system was investigated. It was discovered that the optimum condition is: pH=3, [α-FeOOH]=0.5 g/L, [Orange II]=10 mg/L. Furthermore, the absorption of Orange II on goethite, and the effect of pH values, goethite dosage and carboxylate on the decolorization were investigated. The decolorization efficiency was 90% after 6h irradiation when the concentration of pyruvic acid was 1.0mmol/L, α-FeOOH concentration was 0.3 g/L, and Orange II concentration was 10 mg/L at pH 3.0. Besides, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined, and a possible reaction mechanism was prompted as well.
Removal of Acid Red G Dye Using Raw Bentonite-Cationic Starch Composite
Authors: He Hua Ling , Yu Zhi Cai , Liang Peng
Published: September 2013

The adsorption behavior of acid red G from aqueous solution onto raw bentonite (RB) and raw bentonite/ cationic starch (RB/CS) composite samples was investigated as a function of parameters such as contact time, salt concentration, initial dye concentration and temperature. The results showed that an amount of 0.12g of RB/CS composite could removal more than 90% of dye from 150ml of 100 mg L-1 acid red G solution with a contact time of 60 min, at room temperature and no salt addition. The adsorption rate was fast and more than half of the adsorbed acid red G was removed in the first 10 min for RB and 5 min for RB/CS at room temperature.(Co=100 mg L-1)The results also indicated that the RB/CS composite had a shorter equilibrium time, higher color removal and stronger adsorption properties of acid red G than RB. In summary, the results suggests that RB/CS can be employed as a kind of low-cost material for the removal of acid red G from aqueous solution.
Solvent-Free Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-Ethyl-3-Aryl-Acrylates via Wittig Reaction of Arsonium Ylide by Grinding
Authors: Wang Chang Qing , Yi Yan Ping , Li Jia Min , Xiao Dao An , Liang Hui , Mei Guang Quan
Published: September 2013

A solvent-free process for the stereoselective preparation of (E)-ethyl-3-aryl-acrylates by grinding is described. Its advantages are easy workup, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and environmental friendliness.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indolylfulgide Photochromic Colorants
Authors: Lv Ning Ning , Sang An Guo , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the synthesis of two photochromic 2-indolyl-fulgides by stobbe condensation of the corresponding 2-acyl-1,3-dimethyl-indole derivatives with diethyl isopropylidene succinate in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane potassium. The overall yields was up to 41% for 3 steps. Both prepared compounds are sensitive to UV light and change colors upon irradiation. And the two fulgides can be switched back and forth 100 times without obvious degradation. Thermal stabilities of the fulgides in acetonitrile at room temperature for 30 days and at 80 °C for 12 h were measured using UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of both forms did not exhibit any sign of degradation. The NMR data indicated that no new compounds were detected. The utilization of these materials for use in photochromic textiles were discussed.
The Performance of Flos Caryophyllata Extract on Black Dyeing and UV Resistance
Authors: Cao Hong Mei , Yang Jing Fang , Zhu Gui Yao
Published: September 2013

Dyed the silk with flos caryophyllata extract using different mordant dyeing methods, and the results show it will get purer black and better K/S value of dyed silk, if using ferrous ion post-mordanting. Optimize the process of the ferrous ion mordanting, and get the best condition was 10% (o.w.f.) of the mordant concentrations at 80°C for 50min. Using the mixture of flos caryophyllata and acutissima shell, the properties UV resistance was greatly enhanced.
An Evaluation of Silk Fabric Dyed with Lac Dye by Using Pad-Dry Technique - A Research on Effect of Mordant Concentration
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Ariyakuare Kittisak , Limtrakool Tuernchai , Saiwan Chintana , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon , Punrattanasin Nattaya , Sriharuksa Kamolkan , Nakpathom Monthon
Published: September 2013

A natural dye extracted from lac was applied to a silk fabric by the use of pad-dry technique under different conditions. The dyeing properties were evaluated by measuring K/S and CIELAB values. In addition, the different fastness properties were evaluated. The effect of dyes at different mordant concentration levels with respect to their colour strength was also studied. Silk fabrics dyed with lac extract showed a light pink shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride pinkish-red colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a purple red colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a reddish-gray colour. The fastness properties ranged from fair to good, while washing fastness was poor level.
Accelerating Mechanism of OHDAB on Silk with Reactive Dye
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhong Ling , Zhang Feng Xiu , Zhang Guang Xian
Published: September 2013

OHDAB (Octyl Hexyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide) is an efficient accelerant for reactive dyes on dyeing silk. The accelerating mechanism of OHDAB was studied in this paper. The results showed that OHDAB could make dye molecules assembled and the particle size of dye aggregate increased with the increase of OHDAB concentration. OHDAB could neutralize the negative charge of silk; even the zeta potential of silk could become positive with the increase of OHDAB concentration.
Scouring and Bleaching on One Bath for Tussah Silk
Authors: Lin Jie , Lu Yan Hua , Lu Sheng , Cheng De Hong
Published: September 2013

In this paper the one bath process of scouring and bleaching was applied to degum and bleach tussah silk. In this process degumming and bleaching of tussah silk was achieved only through one step. The effects of salt, decolorizer, treat time and temperature on whiteness, degumming rate and break strength were investigated. The optimal degumming and bleaching condition was that the concentration of Na2SiO3 salt was 10 o.w.f. %, concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 10 o.w.f %, the scouring and bleaching time was 40 min and temperature was 95 °C. Under the optimal scouring and bleaching condition the whiteness of tussah silk was 82, degumming rate was 11.5% and the breaking strength was 370 N.
Effects of Auxiliaries on the Indigo Blue Dyeing Performance
Authors: Yao Ji Ming , Liu Xing Le , Wei Sai Nan
Published: September 2013

The 100% cotton twill fabrics were dyed by indigo blue leuco solutions that containing indigo blue (5 gdm-3) sodium hydroxide (8gdm-3) sodium dithionite (12 gdm-3) and auxiliaries (1 gdm-3), the auxiliaries used are dispersing agent NNOleveling agent Peregal O-25alkali resistant penetrant SDR and color deepening penetrant DP individually. The properties of auxiliarys solutions and the performance of dyed fabrics were tested and measured, the results shown that the color yield of indigo blue dyeing with DP increased by 15% compared to the others, its washingrubbing fastness also improved.
Study on Performance of Cationic Pigment Dyeing Fabric
Authors: Zhang Guo Qiang , Zhang Zeng Qiang
Published: September 2013

The present investigation undertook the dyeing process of cotton fabric with cationic pigments, and the principal component analysis method has been proposed to study the importance of each variable and correlation based on MATLAB software. Three principal components are extracted as the new variables to provide reference to the cationic pigment dyeing process control and to obtain the best effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
Application of the Reactive Dyes Commercialized for Cotton to Silk Printing
Authors: Guo Kai Yin , Tang Ren Cheng
Published: September 2013

The reactive dyes originally designed for cotton were applied to silk printing. The influence of alkali category and dosage, temperature and relative humidity of vapor was discussed in the case of the use of 2% dye, and the staining on white ground during soaping was also discussed. The satisfactory printing effect was achieved when 1% NaHCO3 or KHCO3 was used as an alkaline agent, and steaming was performed at 102-105°C and 90% relative humidity. The level of staining on the white ground was found to vary with dye catagories. This study indicates that the specially selected reactive dyes can be successfully used in silk printing.
Study on Dyeing Properties of Black Rice Pigment on Tussah Silk
Authors: Jia Yan Mei
Published: September 2013

To enrich the color of natural dyes, a natural pigment was extracted from black rice and used to dye tussah silk. The stability of the extract to mordant ions was investigated by Visible Spectrum and the effect of the dyeing pH, dyeing temperature, dyeing time as well as mordant process on dyeing properties (K/S value) were studied, the optimum dyeing process was obtained. The results show that the optimized direct dyeing process is pH value 4. 5, dyeing at 90 °C for 60 min, the color of dyed fabric various with metal ions. In comparison, the fabric post-mordant dyeing with ferrous sulfate exhibits the higher color depth and better color fastness.
Effects of Chitosan with Different Molecular-Weight on the Properties of Cotton
Authors: He Xiao Xia , Liu Sen
Published: September 2013

The structure and dyeing properties of the untreated, oxidized, chitosan treated cotton fabric were studied. Due to the deposition of chitosan particles, the cotton surface appeare to be uneven in comparison with that of untreated one as seen from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the FT-IR indicate the physical attachment of chitosan to the cotton fabric; high dye exhaustion and color yields (K/S) could be achieved on the chitosan treated cotton than that on the untreated one; with higher molecular-weight of the chitosan, the dyeability mentioned above are superior to that with lower molecular-weight.
Properties of Sorghum Red Pigment and its Application to Rayon Fabric Dyeing
Authors: Liu Zhi Mei , Song Ming Su , Lu Yan Hua
Published: September 2013

Natural dye sorghum red pigment is a kind of natural product from sorghum shell. In this paper, the sorghum red pigment was extracted from a black sorghum shell produced. The spectrum property of and photostability were analysized. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the sorghum red pigment changed with pH values. The light stability changed with pH values under light and no light conditions. Then rayon fabrics were dyed with direct dyeing method by orthogonal experiments. The result indicated that the sorghum red pigment has good property for rayon fabric dyeing, the rubbing and washing color fastness of rayon fabric samples are reach to the requirement of textile dyeing.
Application of Two Reactive Water-Soluble Antibacterials on Polyester/Cotton Blend Fabrics
Authors: Pan Qing , Sun Zhi Min , Kong De Jia , Wang Xiao Ning , Wu Zheng , Liu Zhen Dong
Published: September 2013

Two reactive antibacterials were applied to finish for polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics (20/80) and (35/65) and the optimal finishing process was obtained by orthogonal experiments. The finished fabrics were undergone the evaluation of antibacterial performance. For both of the two antibacterials and two T/C fabrics, the lowest inhibition rates for Staphyloccocus aureus were 85.97% and 79.19% after 50 washing cycles. The results indicated that the treated fabric had good antibacterial performance and washing durability.
Application of Tamarind Gum Thickener for Polyester Disperse Printing
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon , Pikul Janya , Sittikijyothin Wancheng
Published: September 2013

Tamarind gums from different areas in Thailand (Uthaithani, Ang Thong, and Nakhon Sawan) as a thickening agent were used for printing on polyester fabric with disperse dye in comparison to the commercial tamarind gum from India as presently used in textile printing. All tamarind gum samples presented high polysaccharide and protein contents. The obtained results indicated that the properties as colour values, colour strength (K/S), overall fastness properties, handling, and sharpness of printed polyester fabric were good to very good levels. Only slight differences were observed between our tamarind gum samples and commercial one.
Mordant Effect on the Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Schizandra on Wool
Authors: Sheng Lu
Published: September 2013

Schizandra is a mature fruit of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis. The wool fabric was dyed with a natural schizandra dye. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of using mordant and direct dyeing technology were studied. The influence of dyeing time and temperature on wool fabric were explored. The research result shows that the adsorption kinetics of schizandra dye on wool fabric meet the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the rate constant k2 indicated a faster adsorption rate of mordant dyeing than for direct dyeing. The negative value of ΔG validated the feasibility of the sorption process, and the sorption of schizandra dye on wool fabric is spontaneity, whichever the dyeing method is direct dyeing or mordant dyeing.
Study on Cycle Dyeing Technology of Cotton Fabric with X-Reactive Dye
Authors: Hao Xu
Published: September 2013

To increase the utilization of X-reactive dyes, reduce dyeing waste water, protect the environment and promote wider use of eco-dyeing technique, cycle technique was used to improve the reactive dyeing on cotton fabric. The results of experiment showed that hydrolysis X-reactive dye for one-bath-two-step dyeing can be effectively activated by activator in the residue and remains the original dye activity. The obtained results also indicated the cycle dyeing can be implemented 6 times by adding quantitative X-reactive dye, and dye used in cycle dyeing was less than that of the normal dyeing process. The K/S values, washing color fastness, rubbing fastness and breaking strength of the cycle dyeing sample changed a little in comparison with those of the conventional dyeing technology.
Research of China's Position for Textile and Apparel Trade - Based on the Social Network Perspective
Authors: Zhou Hao , Li Xiao Li
Published: September 2013

This paper takes 31 leading textile and apparel trade countries or regions in the world as the research object. It constructs the adjacency matrix for the trade relations. Using social network analysis method, it measures the network structure of the global textile and apparel trade respectively from the perspectives of trade network diagram, network density, centrality. According to this result, it explores Chinas position on the global textile and apparel trade and interprets it.
Development and Mobility Evaluation of the Female IVA Clothing
Authors: Zhang Long Nv , Li Jia Yin , Wang Yun Yi
Published: September 2013

Weightless and narrow environment inside the spacecraft and on-orbit work require a lot in astronauts’ IVA clothing. Motion analysis suggests one-piece overall design should base on the curled stance. Toileting structure design which can overcome the one-piece overall’s toileting shortcoming especially for female is essential. 2 female IVA clothing with different structures are developed, then toileting time consuming test and static range-of-motion test are operated to select a better design. Result shows that style 2 performs better when toileting, and not only fits better, but also can provide the same flexibility compare with style 1, which integrates the protection, fitness and mobility.
Research on Alginate Fiber and its Application to Textiles
Authors: Yu Xin , Mou Huan , Zhang Yi Yuan
Published: September 2013

With the development of the society, in the field of textile people begin to pursue comfort, health and nature clothing. Traditional textile materials rely too such on petroleum and chemical industry, while global crude oil price is rising and the production process is easy to cause environmental pollution. All of these promote the research and development of new textile fiber. Alginate fiber taken from the ocean having rich renewable resources and excellent environmental protection features opens a new and important source of fiber. This paper mainly introduces the development situation, the characteristics and the application prospect of alginate fiber, and elaborates the alginate fiber application in the clothing products.
Design of Ottoman Stitch in Knit CAD for Computer Flat Machine
Authors: Fan You Hong , Xu Ji Hong , Liang Xiao Dou , Li Xiao Hui
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces the definition of ottoman stitch in details, provides some fabric panels of ottoman and describes the appearance of fabric structure. In addition, the knitting method and technology design for whole-ottoman and part-ottoman in Knit CAD are introduced and analyzed respectively. Finally, some typical examples for application of ottoman on sweater design are enumerated, which can enlarge and enrich the fields of sweater design.
Relationship between Female Figure Variable and Coat Pattern Graphics
Authors: Lu Xin , Li Pan Pan
Published: September 2013

This study is directed at the shoulder, back and breast of female to sum up its parts variation law and set up the relationship between figure variable of these three parts and pattern graphic, and thus complete the basic study of human figure characteristics corresponding to the digitalized prototype pattern of female coat. It is a basic study for female coat prototype pattern automatic design system of special figure, which sets up the relevant relationship between female figure characteristics and coat prototype structural feature and to guarantee the consistency of figure and pattern design in the process of garment PCAD system pattern intelligent design. It provides the possibility for the study of intelligent female coat pattern design system based on the figure and has a positive effect on changing the traditional pattern design concept and means.