bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the protein complexome of translation termination factor eRF1: Identification of four novel eRF1‐containing complexes that range from 20S to 57S in size
Authors: Denis Clyde L. , Richardson Roy , Park Shiwha , Zhang Chongxu , Xi Wen , Laue Thomas M. , Wang Xin
Published: November 2017

The eukaryotic eRF1 translation termination factor plays an important role in recognizing stop codons and initiating the end to translation. However, which exact complexes contain eRF1 and at what abundance is not clear. We have used analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescent detection system to identify the protein complexome of eRF1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to eRF1 presence in translating polysomes, we found that eRF1 associated with five other macromolecular complexes: 77S, 57S, 39S, 28S, and 20S in size. Generally equal abundances of each of these complexes were found. The 77S complex primarily contained the free 80S ribosome consistent with in vitro studies and did not appear to contain significant levels of the monosomal translating complex that co‐migrates with the free 80S ribosome. The 57S and 39S complexes represented, respectively, free 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits bound to eRF1, associations not previously reported. The novel 28S and 20S complexes (containing minimal masses of 830 KDa and 500 KDa, respectively) lacked significant RNA components and appeared to be oligomeric, as eRF1 has a mass of 49 KDa. The majority of polysomal complexes containing eRF1 were both substantially deadenylated and lacking in closed‐loop factors eIF4E and eIF4G. The thirteen percent of such translating polysomes that contained poly(A) tails had equivalent levels of eIF4E and eIF4G, suggesting these complexes were in a closed‐loop structure. The identification of eRF1 in these unique and previously unrecognized complexes suggests a variety of new roles for eRF1 in the regulation of cellular processes.
Impact of Composition x on the Refractive Index of NixO
Authors: Becker Martin , Michel Fabian , Polity Angelika , Klar Peter J.
Published: November 2017

Epitaxial NixO thin films were grown on c‐plane (0001) sapphire substrates by ion beam sputtering (IBS) of a Ni metal target in a mixed argon and oxygen atmosphere. The composition of the film was varied systematically by varying the O2:Ar ratio in the IBS process. Structural characterization was carried out by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. All the NixO samples grew (111)‐oriented out‐of‐plane and with a defined two‐fold in‐plane orientation relationship relative to the crystalline substrate. The surface morphologies of the samples were very similar. The chemical bonding information of the films was examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing that the composition x could be varied in a wide range of x ≈ 0.9 to 1.5. Optical characterization yielded a strong dependence of the spectral dispersion of the refractive index and the band gap of NixO on composition for this otherwise structurally very similar series of samples. The dependence of the refractive index of NixO on composition x contributes significantly to the wide range of values reported for NixO in literature.
Surface State‐Induced Anomalous Negative Thermal Quenching of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Nanowires
Authors: Prashanthi Kovur , Antić Željka , Thakur Garima , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Thundat Thomas
Published: November 2017

Wide‐bandgap semiconductor nanowires with surface defect emission centers have the potential to be used as sensitive thermometers and optical probes. Here, we show that the green luminescence of multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanowires shows an anomalous negative thermal quenching (NTQ) with increasing temperatures. The release of trapped carriers from localized surface defect states is suggested as the possible mechanism for the increased green luminescence which was experimentally observed at elevated temperatures. A reasonable interpretation of the photoluminescence (PL) processes in BFO nanowires is achieved, and the activation energies of the PL quenching and thermal hopping are deduced. Negative thermal quenching of BFO nanowires provides a new strategy for optical thermometry at higher temperatures.
Application of the Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI) biomonitoring index
Authors: Extence C.A. , Chadd R.P. , England J. , Naura M. , Pickwell A.G.G.
Published: November 2017

Sedimentation of river beds is a key pressure impacting riverine ecological communities. Research has identified the need for new approaches to help demonstrate and quantify the impacts of excessive fine‐sediment deposition on benthic macroinvertebrate populations. To help meet this requirement, the Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI) methodology was developed and has been in operational use in the United Kingdom for several years. This paper presents a number of case studies, at both national and local scales, showing how the method can be used to identify point and nonpoint fine‐sediment pollution, as well as demonstrating the analysis of a national dataset to describe the relationship between PSI and a channel substrate index. A novel approach to displaying PSI data alongside local ecological and hydrological information is also presented and interpreted, to illustrate how improved understanding of biotic and abiotic relationships and interactions can be readily accomplished. Excessive fine‐sediment accumulation on river beds results in impaired ecosystem health globally. The case studies and examples presented here will provide confidence that the PSI method can form the basis for evidence gathering and analysis, both within and beyond the United Kingdom. The paper concludes with an overview of the use of PSI in catchment research and management, a consideration of the relationship of the metric with other macroinvertebrate indices, and a summary of refinements recently applied to the index.
Strategy as staged performance: A critical discursive perspective on keynote speeches as a genre of strategic communication
Authors: Wenzel Matthias , Koch Jochen
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: In this article, we explore how keynote speeches come into being as a staged genre of strategic communication. In our critical discursive analysis of video data on Apple Inc.'s keynote speeches, we demonstrate how keynote speeches are multimodally accomplished through the embodied enactment of four discursive practices: referencing, relating, demarcating, and mystifying. We show how different bodily movements, which we describe as leveling and leaping gestures, systematically contribute to constructing different conceptions of strategy through the enactment of these discursive practices as a staged genre of strategic communication. Our findings contribute to strategy‐as‐practice research by extending the nascent but growing literature on genres of strategic communication, the strategist's body in the strategy process, and the use of video‐based research methods.

Managerial Summary: Firms increasingly rely on keynote speeches to communicate their strategies. As a result, managers invest more and more time and effort into preparing and rehearsing their keynote speeches. But how do managers communicate strategy in these staged performances? Based on an analysis of Apple Inc.'s keynote speeches, we explore the discursive and bodily patterns that characterize this genre. In doing so, we demonstrate that the coordinated use of bodily movements in keynote speeches is consequential for highlighting different aspects of the communicated strategy. This shows that keynote speeches and other types of public speeches cannot simply be scripted, but require managers to engage in bodily rehearsal and training in order to communicate strategies effectively.
The power of PowerPoint: A visual perspective on meaning making in strategy
Authors: Knight Eric , Paroutis Sotirios , Heracleous Loizos
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: Relying on ethnographic data from two consulting engagements, we find that strategists use threevisual mechanisms(depiction, juxtaposition, and salience) to create PowerPoint slides. These visual mechanisms prompt meaning‐making through the conversations they stimulate, creatingstrategic visibility. As participants react to visuals, they enact revised interpretations of the strategy, reflectingstrategic resonance. Based on the interactions among these three subprocesses (visual mechanisms, strategic visibility, andstrategic resonance), we develop a process model for how visuals influence meaning making in strategy engagements. We contribute to existing strategy practice and process studies by explaining how visuals help broker divergent interpretations of a strategy and give rise to new understandings, especially when issues are politically sensitive or analytically complex.

Managerial Summary: The purpose of this study is to understand how strategists use visual information (specifically in PowerPoint slides), and its effects on the strategy process. We find that strategy conversations are influenced by the techniques strategists use to create slides, which in turn shape the kinds of follow‐up actions taken. The implications are that: (a) PowerPoint slides can be designed to help tackle complex issues, for instance, when participants have divergent opinions or in politically sensitive situations, and (b) those who craft and edit PowerPoint slides strongly influence the direction of the strategy. The skillful use of PowerPoint is therefore crucial in allowing managers to shape the nature and speed of strategy engagements.
Single Cell Resolution of Human Hematoendothelial Cells Defines Transcriptional Signatures of Hemogenic Endothelium
Authors: Angelos Mathew G. , Abrahante Juan E. , Blum Robert H. , Kaufman Dan S.
Published: November 2017

Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) is an important stage in definitive hematopoietic development. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying human EHT remain poorly characterized. We performed single cell RNA-seq using 55 hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs: CD31+CD144+CD41–CD43–CD45–CD73–RUNX1c+), 47 vascular endothelial cells without hematopoietic potential (non-HE: CD31+CD144+CD41–CD43–CD45–CD73–RUNX1c–), and 35 hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs: CD34+CD43+RUNX1c+) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HE and HP were enriched in genes implicated in hemogenic endothelial transcriptional networks, such as ERG, GATA2, and FLI. We found transcriptional overlap between individual HECs and HPCs; however, these populations were distinct from non-HE. Further analysis revealed novel biomarkers for human HEC/HPCs, including TIMP3, ESAM, RHOJ, and DLL4. Collectively, we demonstrate that hESC-derived HE and HP share a common developmental pathway, while non-HE are more heterogeneous and transcriptionally distinct. Our findings provide a novel strategy to test new genetic targets and optimize the production of definitive hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
Notch1 and Notch2 Coordinately Regulate Stem Cell Function in the Quiescent and Activated States of Muscle Satellite Cells
Authors: Fujimaki Shin , Seko Daiki , Kitajima Yasuo , Yoshioka Kiyoshi , Tsuchiya Yoshifumi , Masuda Shinya , Ono Yusuke
Published: November 2017

Satellite cells, the muscle tissue stem cells, express three Notch receptors (Notch1–3). The function of Notch1 and Notch2 in satellite cells has to date not been fully evaluated. We investigated the role of Notch1 and Notch2 in myogenic progression in adult skeletal muscle using tamoxifen-inducible satellite cell-specific conditional knockout mice for Notch1 (N1-scKO), Notch2 (N2-scKO), and Notch1/Notch2 (scDKO). In the quiescent state, the number of satellite cells was slightly reduced in N2-scKO, but not significantly in N1-scKO, and almost completely depleted in scDKO mice. N1-scKO and N2-scKO mice both exhibited a defect in muscle regeneration induced by cardiotoxin injection, while muscle regeneration was severely compromised with marked fibrosis in scDKO mice. In the activated state, ablation of either Notch1 or Notch2 alone in satellite cells prevented population expansion and self-renewal but induced premature myogenesis. Therefore, our results indicate that Notch1 and Notch2 coordinately maintain the stem-cell pool in the quiescent state by preventing activation and regulate stem-cell-fate decision in the activated state, governing adult muscle regeneration.
Evaluation of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis function by chronic perchlorate exposure in male rats
Authors: Serrano‐Nascimento Caroline , Calil‐Silveira Jamile , Dalbosco Rafael , Zorn Telma Tenorio , Nunes Maria Tereza
Published: November 2017

Perchlorate is a widespread endocrine disruptor that was previously correlated with increased serum TSH levels and decreased thyroid hormones production both in animals and humans. Even so, the regulation of gene/protein expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid by chronic perchlorate exposure was not completely elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the disruption of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis by chronic perchlorate exposure. Male Wistar rats were treated or not with NaClO4 in the drinking water (35 mg/Kg/day) for 60 days. Thereafter, hormone/cytokines serum levels were measured through multiplex assays; genes/proteins expression were investigated by qPCR/Western Blotting and thyroid morphology was evaluated through histological analysis. Serum TSH levels were increased and serum T4/T3 levels were decreased in perchlorate‐treated animals. This treatment also altered the thyrotropin‐releasing hormone mRNA/protein content in the hypothalamus. Additionally, the expression of both subunits of TSH were increased in the pituitary of perchlorate‐treated rats, which also presented significant alterations in the thyroid morphology/gene expression. Furthermore, perchlorate exposure reduced liver Dio1 mRNA expression and increased the content of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the thyroid and the serum. In conclusion, our study adds novel findings about the perchlorate‐induced disruption of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis gene/protein expression in male rats. The data presented herein also suggest that perchlorate induces thyroid and systemic inflammation through the increased production of cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that perchlorate contamination should be monitored, especially in the individuals most susceptible to the deleterious effects of reduced levels of thyroid hormones.
Fluid
Authors: Wallis Jennifer
Published: November 2017

In this chapter Wallis explores how post-mortem investigation in the late-Victorian asylum informed both treatments during life and new ideas about the basis of mental disease. Wallis shows how trepanation (making a hole in the skull) was employed by asylum doctors as a means of draining excess cerebro-spinal fluid, discussing contemporary rationales for the procedure and ethical concerns. The chapter goes on to consider how other fluids in the body, such as urine, were also analysed by asylum doctors. Finally, as asylum doctors began to evolve a ‘toxic’ theory of mental disease at the end of the nineteenth century, Wallis demonstrates how new bacteriological understandings of mental disease could co-exist with older models that stressed the patient’s family and life history.
Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W.
Published: November 2017

Surface maps of unsmoothed and smoothed mortality data have been used widely before. In this chapter, we present surface plots of rates of mortality improvement (“ROMI”), which are the derivative of age-specific mortality with respect to time. They have been introduced rather recently. By showing a large set of surface maps for countries from the Human Mortality Database, we argue that those ROMI plots are better able to detect period and cohort effects than standard mortality surface maps.
Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement for Selected Causes of Death in the United States
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W.
Published: November 2017

This chapter shows that ROMI plots, as presented in the previous chapter, can not only be employed for mortality from all-causes but also for cause-specific mortality. They allow us to demonstrate that the slow increase in life expectancy among women in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s can not be attributed to heart diseases or stroke. Instead, mortality from respiratory diseases and from lung cancer, the latter featuring a pronounced cohort effect, suppressed faster gains in life expectancy.
Seasonality of Causes of Death
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W.
Published: November 2017

Many causes of death have a clear seasonal pattern. Circulatory and respiratory diseases, which comprise about half of all deaths, have a peak in winter and lowest mortality during summer. Data by cause of death, age, and calendar time (month and year) provided by the National Center for Health Statistics allow an analysis how seasonality has changed over age and time. Using a two-dimensional decomposition and smoothing approach, we show how the amplitude and the phase of selected causes of death have developed since the late 1950s.
Inflation and dark matter in the inert doublet model
Authors: Choubey Sandhya , Kumar Abhass
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We discuss inflation and dark matter in the inert doublet model coupled non-minimally to gravity where the inert doublet is the inflaton and the neutral scalar part of the doublet is the dark matter candidate. We calculate the various inflationary parameters like n

s
, r and P

s
and then proceed to the reheating phase where the inflaton decays into the Higgs and other gauge bosons which are non-relativistic owing to high effective masses. These bosons further decay or annihilate to give relativistic fermions which are finally responsible for reheating the universe. At the end of the reheating phase, the inert doublet which was the inflaton enters into thermal equilibrium with the rest of the plasma and its neutral component later freezes out as cold dark matter with a mass of about 2 TeV.
Pattern of Lower Intestinal Ostomies in a Low‐Income Country: Case of Southeast of Niger Republic
Authors: Adamou Harissou , Habou Oumarou , Amadou Magagi Ibrahim , Adakal Ousseini , Magagi Amadou , Halidou Maazou , Sani Rachid
Published: November 2017

Background

Intestinal ostomies are common surgical procedures performed in visceral surgery as part of management for several gastrointestinal diseases. This study aims to report the socio‐demographic characteristics, indications and prognosis of intestinal ostomies in low‐income country.

Methods

This was a 4‐year retrospective study (January 2013 to December 2016) at Zinder National Hospital (Niger). All patients with a digestive ostomy on an ileum or colic segment were included in the study.

Results

During the study period, 2437 patients underwent digestive surgery, including 328 gastrointestinal stomas (13.5%). Patients classified ASA3 were 60.7% (n = 199). The median age was 12 years (IQ: 7–25). Children represent 64% (n = 210) of patients with ostomy. The sex ratio was 2.60. The stoma was performed in emergency in 96.3% (n = 316) of cases. Acute peritonitis was the main indication of the stoma in 70.73% (n = 232). The ileostomies accounted for 75.61% (n = 248). Ostomy was intended as temporary in 97.3% of cases (n = 319). Complications were observed in 188 patients (57.3%). Mortality was 14.02% (n = 46). The indigent status (OR: 4.15 [2.20–7.83], P = 000), ASA score 4 (OR: 2.53 [1.54–4.15], P = 0.0003), Altemeier class IV (OR: 4.03 [2.10–7.73], P = 0.0000) and ileostomy (OR: 2.7853 [1.47–5.29], P = 0.0018) were statistically associated with the occurrence of major complications. The mean time for stoma closure was 59.3 ± 14.5 days.

Conclusion

Acute peritonitis was the main indication of digestive ostomy. The occurrence of major complications was associated with bad socioeconomic status, ASA4 score, Altemeier class IV and ileostomy.
The Application of a Performance‐Based Self‐Administered Intra‐procedural Checklist on Surgical Trainees During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Alijani Afshin
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Surgical checklists are in use to reduce errors for safer surgery. We aimed to study the effect of a previously designed performance‐based self‐administered intra‐procedural checklist on the performance of trainees during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods

Twenty‐four laparoscopic cholecystectomies were enrolled into the study. Six surgical trainees each performed four procedures, two without the checklist and directly followed by two procedures with the checklist. A soft beeping sound reminded each trainee to apply the checklist every 4 min during the procedures. The unedited videos were analysed using the human reliability analysis technique for the number of consequential errors, number of interventions by the trainer, number of instrument movements and time execution. The trainees’ satisfaction was assessed on a 5‐point Likert scale questionnaire. Nonparametric test was used for data analysis. p value was defined as significant when p < 0.05.

Results

Participants performed statistically better with the application of the checklist compared to when no checklist was used, respectively: Median [IQR] total number of errors 1.51 [0.80] versus 3.84 [1.42] (p = 0.002) and consequential errors 0.20 [0.12] versus 0.45 [0.42] (p = 0.005), and the number of instrument movements per time decreased from 11.90 [5.34] to 10.38 [5.16] (p = 0.04). With the introduction of the checklist, the number of interventions by the trainer per time decreased from 2.79 [1.85] to 0.43 [1.208] (p = 0.003). The trainees satisfaction score was 4.5 [1] for the first question, 4 [1] for the second question and 4 [2] for the third question.

Conclusion

The self‐administered intra‐procedural checklist improved the performance of surgical trainees and decreased the number of interventions by the trainer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trainees were generally satisfied using the checklist during the procedures.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Training Improves Outcomes in Basic Laparoscopic Procedures
Authors: Gray Katherine D. , Burshtein Joshua G. , Obeid Lama , Moore Maureen D. , Dakin Gregory , Pomp Alfons , Afaneh Cheguevara
Published: November 2017

Background

To determine whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training improves outcomes in laparoscopic appendectomy, a procedure that is commonly performed in general surgery training.

Methods

Retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis between 2014 and 2015 at a single‐center, tertiary‐care academic institution. Patients operated on by MIS‐trained surgeons (MIS group) were compared to those operated on by general surgeons (GS group). Single‐incision and multiport laparoscopic appendectomies were included; open approach, known malignancy, and interval appendectomies were excluded.

Results

A total of 507 patients were included in the study: 181 patients in the MIS group and 326 in the GS group. There were no differences in patient demographics or medical comorbidities between groups and most patients were ASA class 1 or 2. Patients operated on by MIS‐trained surgeons had significantly shorter operative time (43 min, IQR 32–60 vs. 58 min, IQR 44–81; p < 0.001) and fewer intra‐operative adverse events (0/181 vs. 8/326, 2.5%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in number of postoperative adverse events between groups (6/181, 3.3% vs. 21/326, 6.4%; p = 0.13). In the MIS group, subgroup analysis of single‐incision versus multiport appendectomy showed no differences in intra‐operative or postoperative adverse events. On multivariable linear regression, lack of MIS training and traditional multiport approach had the greatest effects on prolonging operative time (11.2 and 12.8 min, respectively; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

MIS fellowship improves operative metrics and patient outcomes even in basic laparoscopy.
Stakeholder influences and risks in sustainable supply chain management: a comparison of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Rebs Tobias , Brandenburg Marcus , Seuring Stefan , Stohler Margarita
Published: November 2017

Stakeholder influences on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) are of increasing interest for researchers to take into account economic, environmental, and social risks. While extant literature on stakeholder influences or risks in SSCM concentrates on selected issues, a comprehensive review of both stakeholder and risk constructs is missing. Hence, this paper examines stakeholder influences and risks in SSCM, as addressed by conceptual frameworks, empirical studies, and formal models to shed light on the trends and gaps in qualitative and quantitative SSCM research. Based on a content analysis of systematically selected journal publications, the commonalities and differences between the research designs are identified. The findings suggest that the integration of economic risks prevails over the consideration of environmental and social risks. Qualitative studies frequently focus on customers or multiple stakeholders that trigger SSCM and relate to supply, demand, and particularly reputational risks. In contrast, quantitative models rather concentrate on formalizing governmental triggers and operational risks. Thus, mutual stimuli between conceptual, empirical, and model-based SSCM research and their implications for future research directions are derived.
On the dual formulation of obstacle problems for the total variation and the area functional
Authors: Scheven Christoph , Schmidt Thomas
Published: November 2017

We investigate the Dirichlet minimization problem for the total variation and the area functional with a one-sided obstacle. Relying on techniques of convex analysis, we identify certain dual maximization problems for bounded divergence-measure fields, and we establish duality formulas and pointwise relations between (generalized) BV minimizers and dual maximizers. As a particular case, these considerations yield a full characterization of BV minimizers in terms of Euler equations with a measure datum. Notably, our results apply to very general obstacles such as BV obstacles, thin obstacles, and boundary obstacles, and they include information on exceptional sets and up to the boundary. As a side benefit, in some cases we also obtain assertions on the limit behavior of

p

-Laplace type obstacle problems for

p↘1

.

On the technical side, the statements and proofs of our results crucially depend on new versions of Anzellotti type pairings which involve general divergence-measure fields and specific representatives of BV functions. In addition, in the proofs we employ several fine results on (BV) capacities and one-sided approximation.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Ballistic Laminates on the Polyethylene and Polypropylene Matrix
Authors: Mayer P. , Pyka D. , Jamroziak K. , Pach J. , Bocian M.
Published: November 2017

The paper analyzes the issues relating to the applicability of innovative material systems for flexible composite armors. The authors made several samplings of aramid fibers (Kevlar 49) by replacing the epoxy resin base, which is often described in the literature, with the thermoplastic matrix - polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP). The samples were fired with .38 Special Full Metal Jacketed (FMJ) ammunition produced by the S&B Company, and then the process of firing was modeled in the ABAQUS program. The advantages and disadvantages of the new material system including the possibility of its use in the construction of hybrid composite armors have been presented on the basis of the results of numerical analyses and ballistic tests.
A New Exact-Analytical Solution for Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Flow in Isothermal Pipes
Authors: Akbarzadeh P.
Published: November 2017

This study presents a new exact-analytical solution for convective heat transfer of thermally fully-developed laminar nanofluid flows in a circular tube for the first time. In this problem, the pipe wall is exposed to a constant temperature. The solution is based on the Whittaker function and perturbation technique. In the nanofluid model, it is assumed that nanoparticles and base-fluid behave as a single-phase with average properties. In this study, the effects of Reynolds number, volume fraction of the particles, Peclet number, and particle diameter are investigated on the average heat transfer coefficient, surface mass transfer, and Nusselt number.
THE DEFINABLE (P, Q)-THEOREM FOR DISTAL THEORIES
Authors: BOXALL GARETH , KESTNER CHARLOTTE
Published: November 2017

Answering a special case of a question of Chernikov and Simon, we show that any non-dividing formula over a model M in a distal NIP theory is a member of a consistent definable family, definable over M.
Key patterns and predictors of response to treatment for military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a growth mixture modelling approach
Authors: Phelps A. J. , Steel Z. , Metcalf O. , Alkemade N. , Kerr K. , O'Donnell M. , Nursey J. , Cooper J. , Howard A. , Armstrong R. , Forbes D.
Published: November 2017

Background

To determine the patterns and predictors of treatment response trajectories for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

Conditional latent growth mixture modelling was used to identify classes and predictors of class membership. In total, 2686 veterans treated for PTSD between 2002 and 2015 across 14 hospitals in Australia completed the PTSD Checklist at intake, discharge, and 3 and 9 months follow-up. Predictor variables included co-morbid mental health problems, relationship functioning, employment and compensation status.

Results

Five distinct classes were found: those with the most severe PTSD at intake separated into a relatively large class (32.5%) with small change, and a small class (3%) with a large change. Those with slightly less severe PTSD separated into one class comprising 49.9% of the total sample with large change effects, and a second class comprising 7.9% with extremely large treatment effects. The final class (6.7%) with least severe PTSD at intake also showed a large treatment effect. Of the multiple predictor variables, depression and guilt were the only two found to predict differences in response trajectories.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of assessing guilt and depression prior to treatment for PTSD, and for severe cases with co-morbid guilt and depression, considering an approach to trauma-focused therapy that specifically targets guilt and depression-related cognitions.
Surrounded by the sea: re-investigating the villa maritima del Capo di Sorrento. Interim report
Authors: Filser W. , Fritsch B. , Kennedy W. , Klose C. , Perrella R.
Published: November 2017

A traveler passing by ship in front of the peninsula during the 1st c. A.D. would have marveled at a continuous chain of private villas lining the coast (figs. 1-2). Although evidence of these villas survives to the present day, our knowledge is mostly fragmentary due to the fact that many are buried beneath modern estates or have been swallowed by the sea. Between the village of Aequa (near Vico Equense) and the far side of the Sorrentine peninsula with its adjoining islets a total of 24 ruins have been identified as structures related to villae maritimae, commonly dated on the basis of their building techniques to between the Late Republican period and the start of the 2nd c. A.D. Key architectural features of these villas include different porticoes, panoramic exedras, artificial and natural grottos, galleries, nymphaea and piscinae. What all these elements have in common is that they are situated at the very point of contact with the sea and use the bedrock as the ground for construction.
Athletes, acclamations, and imagery from the end of antiquity
Authors: Dunbabin Katherine M. D.
Published: November 2017

In recent years there has been considerable scholarly interest in athletic contests in late antiquity and in the fate of the agonistic festivals that for many centuries constituted the principal occasion for them in the Greek world. The old notion that the end of the games at Olympia, and, a fortiori, that of the other great festivals of the periodos, came with the banning of pagan sacrifice by Theodosius I in A.D. 392/393 is now acknowledged to be wrong; but the evidence for these and most other agones after the beginning of the 5th c. is scanty. Some may have vanished earlier, and most of those that survived then may not have lasted very long after this date. In the West, agones of Greek type had always been very much rarer, but at Rome the Capitolia and Heliaea are attested in the mid- to late 4th c. but similarly vanish from the record at least after the early 5th c. But the absence of later evidence for agones of the traditional Greek type should not be taken to imply the disappearance of athletic contests; there were other occasions on which they could be offered, which need to be more fully acknowledged.
Urban development at Rome's Porta Esquilina and church of San Vito over the longue durée
Authors: Andrews Margaret , Bernard Seth
Published: November 2017

San Vito's modern location on the Esquiline betrays little of the importance of the church's site in the pre-modern city (fig. 1). The small church was begun under Pope Sixtus IV for the 1475 jubilee and finished two years later along what was at that time the main route between Santa Maria Maggiore and the Lateran. Modern interventions, however, and particularly the creation of the quartiere Esquilino in the late 19th c., changed the traffic patterns entirely. An attempt was made shortly thereafter to connect it with the new via Carlo Alberto by reversing the church's orientation and constructing a new façade facing this modern street. This façade, built into the original 15th-c. apse, was closed when the church was returned to its original orientation in the 1970s, and, as a result, San Vito today appears shuttered. In the ancient and mediaeval periods, by contrast, San Vito was set at a key point in Rome's eastern environs.
A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements
Authors: Hanson J. W. , Ortman S. G.
Published: November 2017

The last few years have seen a growing interest in the urbanism of the Greek and Roman world. This has led to a consensus of sorts about some of its vital statistics, such as the sizes of the populations of the most important settlements and the size of the overall urban population, the urbanization rate (i.e., the share of individuals that lived in urban, rather than rural, contexts), and the total population. A good example comes from W. Scheidel in the Cambridge economic history of the Greco-Roman world. According to him, it is likely that c.1.5 million people lived in the 5 largest cities of the Greco-Roman world by the 2nd c. A.D. These included Rome, which is usually agreed to have had a population of about 1 million; Alexandria, which might have had c.500,000; Antioch, which could have had at least 150,000; and Carthage and Ephesus (Scheidel does not give explicit figures for those).
Housing slaves on estates: a proposed ergastulum at the Villa of Rufio (Giano dell'Umbria)
Authors: Molina Vidal J. , Grau Mira I. , Llidó López F. , Álvarez Tortosa J. F.
Published: November 2017

In the framework of archaeological surveys conducted in 2002-3 for the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell'Umbria around the Via Flaminia, the Società Cooperativa Kronos discovered the site known as the “Villa of Rufio” (the name comes from an inscription dedicated to Caius Iulius Rufio). After 4 excavation campaigns (2003-6) the monumental character of a large villa was established, and in 2007 a team from the University of Alicante led by the first-named author began fieldwork, focusing on the analysis of agricultural and commercial production patterns through an examination of the type of manpower in use during the Augustan era. The site lies in the village of Giano dell'Umbria (Perugia), in the foothills of Gualdo Cataneo-Montefalco of southern Umbria (fig. 1). To the north is the Roman town of Mevania (Bevagna), to the south the Martani mountains, at the foot of which lies Mansio Ad Martis (Massa Martana).
Livestock plagues in late antiquity, with a disassembling of the bovine panzootic of A.D. 376-386
Authors: Newfield Timothy P.
Published: November 2017

The history of late-antique animal plagues requires a fresh start. Over the last 30 years, scholars have amassed copious quantities of written and material evidence for major shifts in the natural world experienced, or reported, as disasters in late antiquity. They have read textual passages more critically and interwoven written with physical data more meticulously than researchers before them. As a result, much more is known now about human plagues, climatic downturns and tectonic perturbations in the Late Roman period. Yet knowledge of late-antique livestock disease remains pretty much where animal health specialists left it in the 18th and 19th c. There are, to be sure, histories of late-antique animal plagues, but they are long out of date, unreliable and altogether of poor quality.
Cytoplasmic cleavage of DPPA3 is required for intracellular trafficking and cleavage-stage development in mice
Authors: Shin Seung-Wook , Vogt Edgar John , Jimenez-Movilla Maria , Baibakov Boris , Dean Jurrien
Published: November 2017

Degradation of maternal proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) accompanies the maternal-to-zygotic transition. DPPA3/Stella/PGC7, encoded by a maternal effect gene, is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of zygotes and has been associated with protecting the female pronucleus from TET3-mediated demethylation. We now report that cytoplasmic DPPA3 is partially cleaved by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and an N-terminus fragment remains in the cytoplasm where it associates with early and re-cycling endosomes. If DPPA3 is absent or if cleavage is prevented, multiple vesicles coalesce/aggregate and markers of lysosomes are decreased. Fertilized eggs develop poorly into blastocysts, which results in significantly decreased fecundity of Dppa3
R60A
transgenic mice. This phenocopies aspects of Lamp1/2 knockdowns and Dppa3
KO
embryos can be partially rescued in vitro by DPPA31–60 and to a lesser extent by LAMP1/2. Thus, the N-terminus of DPPA3 has a significant role in cytoplasmic vesicular trafficking in addition to its previously reported nuclear function.
TrkB dependent adult hippocampal progenitor differentiation mediates sustained ketamine antidepressant response
Authors: Ma Zhenzhong , Zang Tong , Birnbaum Shari G. , Wang Zilai , Johnson Jane E. , Zhang Chun-Li , Parada Luis F.
Published: November 2017

Adult neurogenesis persists in the rodent dentate gyrus and is stimulated by chronic treatment with conventional antidepressants through BDNF/TrkB signaling. Ketamine in low doses produces both rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients. Previous studies have shed light on post-transcriptional synaptic NMDAR mediated mechanisms underlying the acute effect, but how ketamine acts at the cellular level to sustain this anti-depressive function for prolonged periods remains unclear. Here we report that ketamine accelerates differentiation of doublecortin-positive adult hippocampal neural progenitors into functionally mature neurons. This process requires TrkB-dependent ERK pathway activation. Genetic ablation of TrkB in neural stem/progenitor cells, or pharmacologic disruption of ERK signaling, or inhibition of adult neurogenesis, each blocks the ketamine-induced behavioral responses. Conversely, enhanced ERK activity via Nf1 gene deletion extends the response and rescues both neurogenic and behavioral deficits in mice lacking TrkB. Thus, TrkB-dependent neuronal differentiation is involved in the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine.
High-velocity projectile impact induced 9R phase in ultrafine-grained aluminium
Authors: Xue Sichuang , Fan Zhe , Lawal Olawale B. , Thevamaran Ramathasan , Li Qiang , Liu Yue , Yu K. Y. , Wang Jian , Thomas Edwin L. , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Xinghang
Published: November 2017

Aluminium typically deforms via full dislocations due to its high stacking fault energy. Twinning in aluminium, although difficult, may occur at low temperature and high strain rate. However, the 9R phase rarely occurs in aluminium simply because of its giant stacking fault energy. Here, by using a laser-induced projectile impact testing technique, we discover a deformation-induced 9R phase with tens of nm in width in ultrafine-grained aluminium with an average grain size of 140 nm, as confirmed by extensive post-impact microscopy analyses. The stability of the 9R phase is related to the existence of sessile Frank loops. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the formation mechanisms of the 9R phase in aluminium. This study sheds lights on a deformation mechanism in metals with high stacking fault energies.
Nanoscale tomography reveals the deactivation of automotive copper-exchanged zeolite catalysts
Authors: Schmidt Joel E. , Oord Ramon , Guo Wei , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: November 2017

Copper-exchanged zeolite chabazite (Cu-SSZ-13) was recently commercialized for the selective catalytic reduction of NO
X
with ammonia in vehicle emissions as it exhibits superior reaction performance and stability compared to all other catalysts, notably Cu-ZSM-5. Herein, the 3D distributions of Cu as well as framework elements (Al, O, Si) in both fresh and aged Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-ZSM-5 are determined with nanometer resolution using atom probe tomography (APT), and correlated with catalytic activity and other characterizations. Both fresh catalysts contain a heterogeneous Cu distribution, which is only identified due to the single atom sensitivity of APT. After the industry standard 135,000 mile simulation, Cu-SSZ-13 shows Cu and Al clustering, whereas Cu-ZSM-5 is characterized by severe Cu and Al aggregation into a copper aluminate phase (CuAl2O4 spinel). The application of APT as a sensitive and local characterization method provides identification of nanometer scale heterogeneities that lead to catalytic activity and material deactivation.
Wild bonobos host geographically restricted malaria parasites including a putative new Laverania species
Authors: Liu Weimin , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Learn Gerald H. , Scully Erik J. , Li Yingying , Avitto Alexa N. , Loy Dorothy E. , Lauder Abigail P. , Sundararaman Sesh A. , Plenderleith Lindsey J. , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Georgiev Alexander V. , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Peeters Martine , Bertolani Paco , Dupain Jef , Garai Cintia , Hart John A. , Hart Terese B. , Shaw George M. , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H.
Published: November 2017

Malaria parasites, though widespread among wild chimpanzees and gorillas, have not been detected in bonobos. Here, we show that wild-living bonobos are endemically Plasmodium infected in the eastern-most part of their range. Testing 1556 faecal samples from 11 field sites, we identify high prevalence Laverania infections in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba (TL2) area, but not at other locations across the Congo. TL2 bonobos harbour P. gaboni, formerly only found in chimpanzees, as well as a potential new species, Plasmodium lomamiensis sp. nov. Rare co-infections with non-Laverania parasites were also observed. Phylogenetic relationships among Laverania species are consistent with co-divergence with their gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo hosts, suggesting a timescale for their evolution. The absence of Plasmodium from most field sites could not be explained by parasite seasonality, nor by bonobo population structure, diet or gut microbiota. Thus, the geographic restriction of bonobo Plasmodium reflects still unidentified factors that likely influence parasite transmission.
Single-molecule visualization of conformational changes and substrate transport in the vitamin B12 ABC importer BtuCD-F
Authors: Goudsmits Joris M. H. , Slotboom Dirk Jan , van Oijen Antoine M.
Published: November 2017

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form the largest class of active membrane transport proteins. Binding and hydrolysis of ATP by their highly conserved nucleotide-binding domains drive conformational changes of the complex that mediate transport of substrate across the membrane. The vitamin B12 importer BtuCD-F in Escherichia coli is an extensively studied model system. The periplasmic soluble binding protein BtuF binds the ligand; the transmembrane and ATPase domains BtuCD mediate translocation. Here we report the direct observation at the single-molecule level of ATP, vitamin B12 and BtuF-induced events in the transporter complex embedded in liposomes. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques reveal that membrane-embedded BtuCD forms a stable complex with BtuF, regardless of the presence of ATP and vitamin B12. We observe that a vitamin B12 molecule remains bound to the complex for tens of seconds, during which several ATP hydrolysis cycles can take place, before it is being transported across the membrane.
Numerical Simulation of Hemodynamic Changes in Central Veins after Tunneled Cuffed Central Venous Catheter Placement in Patients under Hemodialysis
Authors: Peng Liqing , Qiu Yue , Huang Zhongyi , Xia Chunchao , Dai Chenzhong , Zheng Tinghui , Li Zhenlin
Published: November 2017

The tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) plays an important role for hemodialysis patients, but CVC-related thrombosis in the central veins remain problematic. This study is the first try to numerically find out what hemodynamic parameters are predisposed to the initiation and formation of thrombus after CVC insertion. And the potential relationship between hemodynamic parameters and the incidence rates of thrombosis occurrence was explored. The results revealed that the CVC insertion led to a significant increase of hydraulic resistance, wide-ranging abnormally high wall shear stress (WSS), and a great loss of flow rotation in the vein. Moreover, the clinical data showed that thrombosis mainly occurred at sections where most blood flow lost spiral rotation after the CVC insertion, but no corresponding match was observed between the occurrence of thrombosis and the flow velocity or WSS. We speculate that the destruction of the flow rotation in the central vein is a precursor to the thrombus formation around CVC, and an introduction of spiral flow with the CVC insertion may possibly help to protect the central vein from thrombosis. Further animal and clinical experiments should be carried out to test and verify this speculation.
Publisher Correction: Synthesis method of asymmetric gold particles
Authors: Jun Bong-Hyun , Murata Michael , Hahm Eunil , Lee Luke P.
Published: November 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.