bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitorremediación de suelos contaminados por plaguicidas
Authors:   , Carrion Saavedra Daniel Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

Los plaguicidas son compuestos contaminantes usados en actividades antropogénicas que genera la degradación de los suelos atentando su actividad productiva, la diversidad contenida en ellos y su composición, los factores químicos y físicos como el contenido de humedad, temperatura y pH alteran su efecto en los suelos así como la manera en los que son utilizados, las malas prácticas agrícolas, ausencia de rotación de cultivos y uso indiscriminado de estos compuestos han contribuido a la degradación de los suelos, la fitorremediación es una tecnología con impactos positivos en los suelos adecuada para la degradación de estos compuestos debido a su fácil aplicación, beneficios a largo plazo y bajo presupuesto, a pesar de ello en ocasiones el proceso es lento y las plantas utilizadas no siempre son las correctas , con los conocimientos adecuados se puede tener un proceso de degradación, control y absorción exitosos , los mecanismos de la fitorremediación nos permite tener múltiples opciones para poder desarrollar esta técnica con la disposición de recursos al alcance controlando la contaminación por plaguicidas preservando la productividad y fertilidad de los suelos.
Evaluación de la captura de carbono de la biomasa aérea en diferentes patrones de uso del suelo del bosque montano de la hacienda Armorique, Chanchamayo (Junín)
Authors:   , Cachay Jara Carmen Walescka
Published: February 2025

Los Bosques Montanos Tropicales son ecosistemas de gran importancia para el almacenamiento de carbono; sin embargo, se encuentran bajo constantes amenazas de cambio de uso de suelo y a su vez, son altamente vulnerables al Cambio Climático. En este estudio, se evaluó el almacenamiento de carbono de la biomasa aérea de los diferentes componentes (árboles, cultivos, biomasa muerta y herbáceas) en los cuatro usos de suelo de un bosque montano tropical en Chanchamayo, Junín. Una gradiente de almacenamiento de carbono fue identificada: Bosque Montano Conservado (193.03 ± 68.2 t ha -1), Bosque Montano en Regeneración (87.52 ± 50.29 t ha -1), Agroforestal (48.67±24.05 t ha -1) y Cultivos (12.46 ± 9.75 t ha -1). Asimismo, se identificó que la estructura vegetal (altura total de árboles (m), dap (cm), área basal (m2/ha) y densidad de árboles (n° ind./ha), cobertura de dosel (%)) tienen una fuerte relación positiva con el contenido de carbono sobre el suelo (r2 entre 0.63 y 0.91) . Por otro lado, variables físicas del suelo (clase textural (% arena, limo y arcilla) y densidad aparente del suelo (g/cm3)), no presentaron correlacion con el carbono sobre el suelo. Este estudio demuestra que, a medida que se intensifica el uso del suelo, se da una pérdida de la estructura de la vegetación y almacenamiento de carbono.
Estigma y factores asociados en pacientes con tuberculosis en instituciones de salud Lima Sur - 2023
Authors:   , Reyes Gago Meyhallin Yenyfer
Published: February 2025

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el estigma y factores asociados en pacientes con tuberculosis en Instituciones de salud Lima Sur – 2023. Materiales y métodos: fue de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño observacional, transversal y de alcance correlacional. La población total fue de 270 pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis. El instrumento que se utilizó fue Estigma hacia la tuberculosis, para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la herramienta STATA14 donde se realizó el análisis bivariado utilizando así el chi cuadrado y la prueba de Fisher, para el análisis multivariado se aplicó la regresión logística. Resultados: Se observó que el 36.3% de la población tiene mayor estigma. En el análisis bivariado para género resultó OR: 1.80; IC 95%: 1.06-3.05; p: 0.030, en cuanto al ingreso familiar OR: 2.43; IC 95%: 1.46-4.07; p: 0.001, en tipo de tuberculosis OR: 0.32; IC 95%: 0.15-0.65; p: 0.002, en la fase de tratamiento resultó OR: 2.65; IC 95%: 1.47-4.77; p: 0.001 y para el análisis multivariado ingreso familiar (OR: 2.16; IC 95%: 1.27-3.67; p: 0.004) y fase de tratamiento (OR: 2.37; IC 95%: 1.29-4.33; p: 0.005). Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se encontró que existe una relación entre el estigma y factores asociados, siendo esta significativa con el ingreso familiar y fase de tratamiento de la tuberculosis.
Coincidencia de la línea media facial con la línea media dental maxilar en individuos peruanos. Un estudio transversal
Authors:   , Chahuara Ramirez Yessica Rocio
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la coincidencia perfecta y aceptable entre las líneas medias faciales y maxilares en individuos peruanos.
Metodología: Este fue un estudio transversal de un grupo de individuos peruanos recolectados de consultorios privados en Lima, Perú, de enero a junio 2024. Se incluyeron un total de 279 pacientes (133 hombres and 146 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años. Se seleccionaron pacientes con dentición permanente hasta sus segundas molares, mientras se excluyeron los pacientes con diastemas en los dientes frontales, tratamiento de ortodoncia previo o cualquier anomalía cráneofacial. Utilizando una cámara profesional tomamos fotografías frontales de los participantes en reposo y mientras sonreían. El índice morfológico facial se utilizó para clasificar los biotipos faciales en tres categorías: mesofacial, dolicofacial y braquifacial. Luego, se utilizó el programa Power Point para analizar la coincidencia perfecta y aceptada (desviación a cualquier lado de hasta 2 mm) entre la línea media facial con la línea media dental maxilar. Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Chi – cuadrado y Regresión logística binaria (p>0.05).
Resultados: La coincidencia perfecta de la línea media dental estuvo presente en 23.3% de los casos, mientras la coincidencia aceptada fue observada en 95.7% de los individuos. Al considerar la estructura facial, el porcentaje de alineacion de la línea media dental maxilar (perfecta o aceptada) con la línea media facial no mostró una asociación significativa (p=0.145, p=0.870, respectivamente). Ademas, no hubo diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de alineacion entre hombres y mujeres (p=0.241 para coincidencia perfecta, p=0.322 para alineacion aceptada).
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los individuos peruanos evaluados presentaron una coincidencia aceptada (hasta 2 mm) entre la línea media facial y la línea media dentaria maxilar, aunque no siempre es perfecta...
Frustrated S = 1/2 Chains in One-Dimensional Correlated Metal Ti4MnBi2
Authors: Li Xiyang , Nocera Alberto , Foyevtsova Kateryna , Sawatzky George , Oudah Mohamed , Murai Naoki , Kofu Maiko , MATSUURA Masato , Tamatsukuri Hiromu , Aronson Meigan
Published: February 2025

Electronic correlations lead to heavy quasiparticles in three-dimensional (3D) metals, and their collapse can destabilize magnetic moments. It is an open question whether there is an analogous instability in one-dimensional (1D) systems, unanswered due to the lack of metallic spin chain materials. We report neutron scattering measurements and Density Matrix Renormalization Group calculations establishing spinons in the correlated metal Ti4MnBi2, confirming that its magnetism is 1D. Ti4MnBi2 is inherently frustrated, forming near a quantum critical point (QCP) separating different temperature T = 0 phases of the J1-J2 XXZ model. 1D magnetism dominates to the lowest T, and is barely affected by weak interchain coupling. Ti4MnBi2 is the first metallic spin chain where 3D conduction electrons become strongly correlated due to their coupling to 1D magnetic moments.
Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Garg Parvesh Mohan , Riddick Robin , Ansari Md Abu Yusuf , rebentisch Aubrey , Shetty Avinash , Adams Kristin , Hillegass William B. , Garg Padma
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the association between antibiotic exposure following birth and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) severity in preterm infants.
Methods:This single center matched case-control study included infants with NEC (n=107) and matched controls (n= 130) with antibiotic exposure =< 3 days and > 3 days after birth.
Results: Out of 212 infants,103 infants (48.5%) received antibiotics =< 3 days, and 109 infants (51.5%) received antibiotics >3 days. On the multivariate regression, Infants receiving antibiotics for >3 day had higher risk for medical NEC (aOR 2.61,95% CI 1.35 -5.16; p=0.005) and surgical NEC (aOR 3.33, CI 1.57-7.40; p=0.02) than controls. In NEC cohort, those receiving antibiotics for >3 days were like to die (OR 7.88,95% CI 1.99- 53.74; p=0.010) than those receiving antibiotics <3 days.
Conclusion: Infants exposed with early antibiotics >3 days after birth were more likely associated with NEC and were at greater risk of death.
Social but not metabolic stress in adolescence alters offspring social behavior and oocyte Crhr1/miR-34c expression: a four-generation study
Authors: Gaisler-Salomon Inna , Buchbut Rachel , Dobrovinsky Ilya , Karakra Muntaha , Eyzenberg Revital , Zaidan Hiba
Published: February 2025

Social stress has long-term behavioral and physiological consequences, and studies in male rodents show that it alters sperm miRNA expression and behavior in offspring. The direct and transgenerational impact of social stress in females on brain and germline has not been studied, and its effect on offspring phenotypes remains unknown. In this study, we compared the impact of social and physiological stress on adolescent female rats (F0) and their offspring three generations forward (F1-F3). We found that Social Isolation (SI) and Food and Water Deprivation (FWD) stress during adolescence induced anxiety-like behavior and elevated Nucleus Accumbens Crhr1 mRNA, but SI alone caused depression-like behavior, increased blood corticosterone and altered social recognition in F1 and F2. Notably, Crhr1 and miR-34c expression in oocytes were uniquely affected by SI, as were hypothalamic oxytocin receptor expression and blood oxytocin and BDNF. No stress-induced effects were observed in F3. These findings highlight the impact of the social environment during adolescence and point to germline transcriptional changes that may provide a mechanism for transmission of stress effects in females.
Multi-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield accelerator
Authors: Balcazar Mario , Thomas Alexander , Tsai Hai-En , Ostermayr Tobias , Chen Qiang , Jacob Robert , Eisentraut Zachary , Esarey Eric , Geddes Cameron , Gonsalves Anthony , Hakimi Sahel , Schroeder Carl , Tilborg Jeroen Van , Vazquez Anthony , Krushelnick Karl , Dyer Gilliss , Trantham Matthew , Campbell Paul , Nees John , Ma Yong , Albert Felicie , Grace Elizabeth , Lemos Nuno , Pagano Isabella , King Paul , Kettle Brendan , Colgan Cary , Los Eva , Mangles Stuart , Simpson Raspberry , Greenwood Benjamin , Kuranz Carolyn
Published: February 2025

Understanding dense fuel hydrodynamics is critical for predicting burning plasma behavior in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion. Traditional diagnostic sources face many limitations in brightness, spatio-temporal resolution, and their ability to capture kinetic effects and electromagnetic fields influencing interaction dynamics. We present a dual-probe, multi-messenger laser wakefield accelerator system, combining ultrafast X-rays and relativistic electron beams at 1~Hz, to interrogate a free-flowing water target in vacuum heated by an intense 200~ps laser pulse. This unique scheme enables high-repetition-rate tracking of the interaction evolution utilizing both particle types. Betatron X-rays revealed a cylindrically symmetric shock compression morphology assisted by low-density vapor, resembling foam-layer-assisted fusion targets. The synchronized electron beam detected time-evolving electromagnetic fields, uncovering charge separation effects and ion species differentiation during plasma expansion – phenomena not captured by photons or standard hydrodynamic simulations. This multi-messenger approach highlights the need for hybrid physics models that integrate the detailed insights from both probes, spanning kinetic to hydrodynamic effects, to accurately predict fusion-relevant plasma dynamics from femtosecond to nanosecond timescales.
Molecular Basis of Prostaglandin E2 Reuptake by Organic Anion Transporter PGT
Authors: Qu Qianhui , Zhu Zhini , Li Yaohui , Xia Hao , Yang Chuanhui , Chao Yulin , Zhou Zixuan , Ba Qian , Li Dianfan
Published: February 2025

Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipids that regulate inflammation, reproduction, and vasopermeability. Timely clearance of excessive PGs is critical to prevent potential damages caused by prolonged signalling. The high-affinity prostaglandin transporter (PGT) plays an essential role in this termination process by efficiently re-uptaking PGs into cells. Here, we report human PGT structures in different oligomerization and substrate-binding states. Beyond the canonical MFS-fold, PGT harbours a unique cystine-rich extracellular segment that incorporates a Kazal-like domain crucial for PGT localization and activity. Two distinct PGE2-bound structures revealed essential elements for substrate recognition, elucidating a PGE2-flipping process during the multi-stop translocation cycle. Notably, PGT dimerizes in detergent micelles and lipid nanodiscs. This dimerization drastically increases the mobility of the extracellular region and induces a profound rotation of the C-domain transmembrane helices, an unprecedented observation for MFS transporters. These functionally distinct snapshots thus shed light on prostaglandin clearance and reveal uncommon features of MFS transporters.
Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Hemophilia A: A Clinical Analysis from Cho Ray Hospital’s Hematology Department
Authors: Tran Tung T. , Le Phuong-Thao T.
Published: February 2025

Background
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies to coagulation factor VIII. Patients with AHA often bleed spontaneously, severely, difficult to control, and have high treatment costs.
Aims:We present a case series of AHA patients treated at the Hematology department in Cho Ray Hospital from May 2019 to June 2023.
Methods:
This is a retrospective case series report of patients who were diagnosed with AHA. Demographic information, clinical, laboratory characteristics and treatment were described.
This is a retrospective case series report of patients who were diagnosed with AHA. It describes demographic information, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment.
Results:
29 patients (males, females) were included in the case series. Mean age was 57.1 ± 16.6 years. Median FVIII activity was 2 U/dL (0 – 35). Median inhibitor titer was 30.9 BU (1.5 – 1016.4). Mean hemoglobin levels were 77.5 ± 19.7 g/L. All patients had at least one bleeding episode before being diagnosed with which 21/29 patients were an adverse event. The causes of bleeding were spontaneous (26/29 patients), postoperative (2/29 patients) and after injection (1/29 patient). The common site of bleeding were muscular hematomas (20/29 patients), hematuria (7/29 patients), internal bleeding (3/29 patients) and cerebral hemorrhage (1 patient). The underlying disorders of AHA were idiopathic (22/29 patients), malignancy (4/29 patients) and SLE (3/29 patients). In terms of bleeding treatment, 12 patients received bypass agent including rFVIIa (9 patients) and aPCC (5 patients). The response rate was 91.7%. Thromboembolic events were 0%. All patients received immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids alone (19/29 patients), corticosteroids combined with cyclophosphamide (8/29 patients), corticosteroids combined with Rituximab (1/29 patients), and corticosteroids combined with MMF (1 patient). Mean hospitalization period was 12.7 days (5-33 days). 11/29 patients developed secondary infections. 3/29 patients perished in the hospital.
Conclusion:
From our case series, AHA patients often have severe bleeding, high inhibitor titer, and bypassing agents needed. Although the success rate was high, the cost, hospitalization period, and secondary infection are considered disadvantageous factors. More data is required to find the proper treatment which balances benefits and risks.
Constraining climate model projections with observations amplifies future runoff declines
Authors: Kim Hanjun , Lehner Flavio , Dagon Katherine , Lawrence David , Swenson Sean , Wood Andrew W.
Published: February 2025

Climate models are increasingly used to inform water availability projections at regional scales. However, the models' own runoff sensitivities—the change in runoff per unit change of precipitation or temperature—are often biased, which can degrade their projections of runoff change. Specifically, models tend to underestimate the runoff decline in response to warming. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis with multiple observational datasets, two climate model generations, and large ensemble sampling of internal climate variability to assess these biases and to constrain future runoff projections across major river basins globally. For basins that can be robustly constrained by available observations, there is a tendency for stronger runoff declines than in the unconstrained case. The constrained projections thus indicate more severe impacts of climate change on water resources than indicated by direct climate model output.
IMPROVE Decision Rule for Carotid Revascularization: Clinician Perspectives on Acceptability and Implementation Barriers
Authors: Bierens Juul , Ament Stephanie , Truijman Martine , de Borst Gert J. , Nederkoorn Paul , Bos Daniel , Joore Manuela , Postma Alida , Kooi Eline , Oostenbrugge Robert van , Smits Luc , Investigators on behalf of the IMPROVE
Published: February 2025

Background: Current selection of patients for carotid revascularization is mainly based on neurological symptoms and the degree of carotid artery stenosis. The IMPROVE decision rule can improve the identification of high-risk patients that may benefit from carotid revascularization. Clinicians dealing with stroke patients must be able to rely on the IMPROVE decision rule during clinical trials to validate the clinical benefits. We assessed the level of acceptance, but also possible barriers for implementation of the IMPROVE decision rule among clinicians in the Netherlands.
Methods: We conducted qualitative semi-structured individual interviews with 40 clinicians involved in stroke care, working in the Department of Neurology (n=18), Vascular Surgery (n=12) or Radiology (n=10) across 10 Dutch academic and non-academic medical centers. After an introduction to the IMPROVE decision rule, clinicians were queried regarding their stance on the proposition “the IMPROVE clinical decision rule meets my approval,”. Next, clinicians were queried about potential barriers expected in implementing this model in clinical practice. All interviews were transcribed and systematically coded to identify barriers to acceptability.
Results: Twenty-nine (72.5%) clinicians agreed, five (12.5%) clinicians (three neurologists, two radiologists) strongly agreed, and another six (15%) clinicians (three neurologists, three vascular surgeons) neither disagreed nor agreed with the proposition. Our analysis identified twelve barriers to acceptability for the IMPROVE decision rule that could be grouped into four categories of origin: lack of evidence, limited clinical practicality, insufficient familiarity, and healthcare burden.
Conclusion: Most clinicians accepted IMPROVE but emphasized the need for clinical evaluation. A feasibility study is required to evaluate the clinical applicability of IMPROVE and its impact on healthcare burden. Additionally, a clinical trial comparing IMPROVE-based revascularization selection with current clinical practice is necessary to demonstrate beneficial patient outcomes.
Aerosol inhibition on photochemical surface ozone formation under future climate and air quality scenarios
Authors: Westervelt Daniel , Gopikrishnan G S , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan
Published: February 2025

​Aerosols significantly influence tropospheric oxidation and ozone formation by modulating photolysis rates and radical sinks.​ This study employs the GEOS-Chem model to analyze different aerosol heterogeneous uptake coefficients (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) and their effects on photochemical ozone levels across regions in the near-present and under future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. Higher uptake coefficients enhance the sink of radical species like HO2 and expand the aerosol-inhibited regime (AIR), particularly in otherwise NOx-limited regions like India and East Asia, leading to a notable increase in surface ozone (40–50%), especially during colder months. Projections for 2046 indicate a global reduction in AIR areas, resulting from stricter emission controls. By 2096, the extent of AIR further diminishes, with regions such as Southeast Asia transitioning to NOx-limited conditions, though aerosol uptake of HO2 continues to elevate surface ozone levels by 10–15% in heavily aerosol-loaded areas.
Within-Person Associations Between Sexual Life And Relationship Satisfaction In Women With Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome In Long-Term Relationships
Authors: Silveira Lídia , Dutra Natalia , Burti Juliana Schulze , Veloso Vivianni
Published: February 2025

Purpose: individuals with sexual dysfunctions represent a relevant population for relationship maintenance research because they explore how couples adapt to challenging circumstances. Once satisfaction plays a a crucial role in maintaining romantic relationships, with strong evidence indicating that sexual satisfaction significantly influences relationship satisfaction, investigating these adaptations provides valuable insights into the strategies couples employ to maintain relationships. This study investigates the dynamic between sexual life aspects and relationship satisfaction in women diagnosed with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH), a congenital condition characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the uterus and vaginal canal.
Methods: An online survey was conducted with 34 women diagnosed with MRKH (RG) and 80 women without the condition (CG). Clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral data were collected, including relationship characteristics, sexual practices, sexual functioning, and emotional attachment to partners. Correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction while controlling relationship duration, parenthood, age, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status.
Results: for RG, relationship satisfaction was not associated with sexual satisfaction even when considering relationship duration, parenthood, age, educational attainment, or socioeconomic status. Emotional attachment emerged as the sole predictor of relationship satisfaction in RG.
Conclusion: these findings align with previous research suggesting that couples facing sexual challenges adapt their sexual scripts by prioritizing closeness and responsiveness (e.g., affection and physical proximity) to mitigate negative effects on their relationships. Understanding these compensatory mechanisms can offer valuable insights for research on relationship maintenance processes.
Identification of non-invasive PET-CT features for differentiation and prognostication of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma using radiomics and foundation model
Authors: Vashistha Rajat , Kundu Parveen , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Harmeet , Aoude Lauren G. , Brosda Sandra , Barbour Andrew P. , Vegh Viktor
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates the potential of non-invasive conventional radiomics and advanced deep learning-based foundation models (DINOv2) for differentiating between ADC and SCC and for identifying prognostic subgroups. Features were extracted from pretreatment PET-CT images of patients diagnosed with ADC and SCC. The performance of features in distinguishing between ADC and SCC was evaluated using statistical tests. Further, patients were clustered based on these features, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the identified clusters. The results demonstrated that both conventional radiomics and DINOv2 features could effectively differentiate between ADC and SCC. First-order radiomic features, including Entropy, Uniformity, and Mean intensity from CT images, and Median and Mean intensity from PET images, showed statistically significant differences between the two cancer types (p < 0.05). Notably, DINOv2 features exhibited consistently higher statistical significance (p < 0.000001) in distinguishing between ADC and SCC, highlighting the superior discriminatory power of deep DINOv2 features. Survival analysis revealed that clustering patients based on both radiomics and DINOv2 features could identify subgroups with distinct survival outcomes. Further validation in larger, multi-center cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings and translate them into clinical practice for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Sustainable Shipping: Modeling Technological Pathways Toward Zero-Emission in Maritime Transport (Part I)
Authors: Caprace Jean-David , Marques Crístofer Hood , Assis Luiz Felipe , Lucchesi Andrea , Pereda Paula
Published: February 2025

Maritime transport accounts for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a figure projected to rise by 17% by 2050 without effective mitigation measures. Achieving zero-emission shipping requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates regulatory frameworks, alternative fuels, and energy saving technologies. However, existing studies often fail to provide an integrated analysis of regulatory constraints, economic incentives, and technological feasibility. This study bridges this gap by developing a predictive model to assess the decarbonization pathways for global shipping from 2018 to 2035. A multi-criterion decision analysis (MCDA) framework, coupled with techno-economic modeling, evaluates the cost-effectiveness, technology readiness, and adoption potential of alternative fuels, operational strategies, and market-based measures. The results indicate that technical and operational measures alone can reduce emissions by up to 44%, while market-based measures improve the diversity of sustainable fuel adoption. Biofuels, particularly BISVO and BIFAME, emerge as preferred alternatives due to cost-effectiveness, while green hydrogen, ammonia, and biomethanol remain unviable without additional policy support. A strict carbon levy increases transport costs by 46%, whereas flexible compliance mechanisms limit cost increases to 14–25%. This study provides a robust decision support framework for policy makers and industry stakeholders, demonstrating that well-structured market-based measures can balance emissions reductions with economic feasibility, guiding future regulatory strategies.
Vertical distribution of Methylmercury in the Central Arctic Ocean explained by In Situ Methylation and Demethylation
Authors: Schartup Amina T , Soerensen Anne L. , Calder Ryan S. D. , Heimbürger-Boavida Lars-Eric
Published: February 2025

High levels of neurotoxic monomethylmercury (MMHg) have been reported in the Arctic food web with tissue burdens across various biota estimated to be higher than pre-industrial levels. This enrichment is largely attributed to anthropogenic releases of inorganic mercury, which is assumed to convert partially to methylmercury (MeHg: MMHg + volatile dimethylmercury (DMHg)) in marine systems. While in situ production of MeHg in the Central Arctic Ocean has been hypothesized, direct links between methylation and demethylation rates, and ambient MeHg concentrations have not been established. Here, we report full oceanic water column (3700 m) high-resolution profiles of mercury (Hg) methylation and MeHg demethylation rates. These profiles were obtained during the 2015 German GEOTRACES expedition, using changes in isotopically labeled MeHg and divalent Hg (HgII) during 24-hour incubations. Total Hg, MMHg, DMHg, and ancillary parameters were measured at the same station. We show that both methylation and demethylation rates vary with depth, with methylation rates ranging from 2.0*10-5 to 1.4*10-3 day-1 and demethylation rates varying from 1.0*10-4 to 0.12 day-1. Using measured rates, along with evasion and photodecomposition algorithms, we can simulate MMHg and DMHg distribution with depth. We find that DMHg does not build up in the surface water because of rapid dark demethylation, rather than evasion or photodecomposition, explaining the low surface often DMHg found under sea ice. We show that the peak MeHg is primarily explained by formation of DMHg in the halocline and the location of the peak is controlled by either mixed layer depth and/or the mixing of water with high methylation potential but low MMHg/HgII levels from the Eastern Siberian Sea with Atlantic water carrying substrates for methylation.
Optimizing Stiffener Orientation in Cold-Formed Shear Panel Dampers for Enhanced Ductility and Energy Dissipation
Authors: Elgammal Ahmed , Ali Yasmin
Published: February 2025

Shear panel dampers (SPDs) are critical passive energy dissipation devices used in earthquake-resistant structures. They are designed to yield in shear before other structural members, thereby reducing seismic damage. The hysteretic behavior of SPDs is significantly influenced by the stiffeners attached to their webs, which mitigate web shear buckling. This study investigates SPDs with three distinct stiffener orientations—transverse, longitudinal, and diagonal—to identify the optimal configuration that enhances ductility and energy dissipation. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was developed in ANSYS Workbench to analyze SPDs under lateral cyclic loading, incorporating geometric imperfections and material nonlinearity. The model was validated against experimental data, demonstrating its accuracy in predicting hysteretic behavior. Subsequently, 18 SPD specimens fabricated from cold-formed steel and stainless steel were numerically analyzed to evaluate their hysteretic performance. Results revealed that transversely stiffened shear panel dampers (TSPDs) and longitudinally stiffened shear panel dampers (LSPDs) exhibited more stable responses compared to diagonally stiffened shear panel dampers (DSPDs). While DSPDs demonstrated higher shear capacity, they exhibited lower ductility and energy dissipation due to rapid strength deterioration. Among the configurations, LSPDs outperformed TSPDs in terms of buckling resistance, deformation capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation. Based on these findings, preliminary predictive design formulae for LSPDs made of cold-formed stainless steel were derived, providing valuable insights for optimizing their design.
Semantic And Science Research Model: Relation Underground Water Concept With Agricultural Growth In Qur’an
Authors: Al Faruq Abdul Qudus , Halimah Ulfatul , Bakar Abu
Published: February 2025

This research explores the relationship between the concept of underground water and agricultural plant growth as mentioned in the Qur'an, focusing on Surah Az-Zumar verse 21 and Al-Baqarah verse 74. The identified issue is the lack of research combining semantic and scientific approaches to understand this relationship, even though the concept was mentioned in the Qur'an long before modern scientific discoveries. The research study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a semantic and scientific approach, employing theories of isytiqaq (derivation) and siyaq (context) for Qur’anic text analysis. The research demonstrates that rainwater seeping into the ground and stored in underground reservoirs is a vital source of life, as illustrated in the Qur'an. The study argues that the Qur'an provides clear guidance on natural processes that sustain life, which is later validated by modern science, showcasing the scientific evidence of i'jaz ilmy in a broader context.
Komparasi Hermeneutika Sahiron Syamsuddin Dan Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd Dalam Menafsirkan Jihad: Humanisme, Konteks, Dan Relevansi
Authors: Aulya Tsaqifa Aulya Afifah
Published: February 2025

Ayat Al-Qur’an yang ditafsirkan oleh para mufassir, baik klasik maupun modern terus mengalami perubahan dan perkembangan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan Al-Qur’an yang ṣho>liḥ li kulli zama>n wa makan. Tak heran jika metode-metode penafsiran Al-Qur’an sangat beragam guna peningkatan intensitas penelitian akademik untuk mendapatkan variasi makna Al-Qur’an secara integratif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada makna Jihad dalam surah al-Ankabu>t/29: 69. Studi ini membahas penafsiran dua tokoh hermenutika, Sahiron Syamsuddin dan Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. Pertanyaan yang akan dikaji: bagaimana pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat jihad dan bagaimana analisis penafsiran ayat-ayat jihad kedua tokoh tersebut? Penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan sifat penelitian ini berupa deksriptif-analisis. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan antara deduktif-induktif-komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kedua tokoh membantah adanya penafsiran tekstual mengenai ayat jihad yang hanya ditafsirkan dengan konteks peperangan. Menurut Syamsuddin, makna jihad Surah al-Ankabu>t/29: 69 bisa dilihat dengan tiga tahapan: pertama, jihad melawan hawa nafsu diri sendiri untuk meraih jalan ketaatan kepada Allah. Kedua, jihad kepada orang-orang terdekat kita. Ketiga, jihad kepada pemerintahan, negara, dan tanah air. Sedangkan Zayd melalui hermeneutikanya (tafsir al-siya>qi) menjelaskan bahwa makna jihad Surah al-Ankabu>t/29: 69 membebaskan negara dari segala permasalahannya.
Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam pada Teks Tanbih TQN Suryalaya serta Relevansinya dengan Hadits Nabi
Authors: Syakir Mukhlis
Published: February 2025

Teks Tanbih merupakan manifesto Ikhwan Tarekat Qadiriyyah wa Naqsabandiyyah Suryalaya, Tasikmalaya. Teks ini lahir semenjak tahun 1956 melalui Mursyid Tarekat yang pertama yakni Abah Sepuh sebagai wasiat. Baru kemudian ditulis sehingga menjadi teks oleh putranya sekaligus penerus kemursyidan, Abah Anom. Teks ini selalu dibacakan minimal sebulan sekali oleh pengikutnya dalam rangkaian acara yang bernama manaqiban. Pada penelitian ini penulis bermaksud untuk menguji dan memastikan relevansi antara isi teks tersebut dengan hadis-hadis nabi serta menggali nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam Teks Tanbih. Sehingga masyarakat di luar tarekat tersebut dapat memahami bahwa tarekat ini membawa nilai-nilai kenabian dan pengikut dari tarekat ini sendiri bertambaha yakin akan kebenaran yang mereka pegang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, peneliti hendak mengumpulkan data-data pustaka yang berkaitan dengan judul sehingga dapat dianalisis dan disampaikan secara deksriptif. Teks tanbih berbahasa Sunda yang diterbitkan langsung oleh Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya akan menjadi sumber primer. Sehingga orisinalitasnya dapat terjaga, tanpa ada reduksi makna akibat perpindahan bahasa. Setiap kutipan teks akan diterjemahkan pada Bahasa Indonesia sehingga bisa dipahami oleh khalayak penutur non-Sunda. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam yang dibawa oleh teks tanbih sangatlah cocok dengan hadits-hadits nabi. Sehingga bagi masyarakat di luar TQN bisa memahami dasar-dasar kehidupan yang dianut, dan bagi ikhwan TQN tidak lagi ragu dan bertambah yakin dengan ajaran yang diikutinya.
Wahdah Al-Adyan Perspektif Filsafat Perenial Dan Tasawuf
Authors: AL FARISI M. ALAN
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi keberagaman agama manusia yang menjadi fenomena yang niscaya yang sering kali mendatangkan tantangan berupa konflik dan perpecahan antar umat beragama. Untuk menghindari perpecahan dibutuhkan gagasan mengenai titik temu agama-agama yang dalam hal ini sering disebut Wahdah Al-Adyan. Wahdah Al-Adyan adalah konsep mengenai persatuan agama yang dalam filsafat dibahas dalam filsafat perennial dan dalam ilmu keislaman dibahas dalam tasawuf. Melalui kacamata tasawuf dan filsafat, penulis berusaha menguraikan konsep Wahdah Al-Adyan yang kemudian penulis membuat penelitian dengan judul “Wahdah Al-Adyan Perspektif Filsafat Perenial dan Tasawuf” yang membahas pengertian filsafat perenial dan tasawuf, pengertian Wahdah Al-Wujud, dan konsep Wahdah Al-Wujud perspektif filsafat perenial dan tasawuf. Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan bahwa filsafat perenial dan tasawuf sepakat bahwa kesatuan agama atau titik temu agama terletak pada sisi esoterik agama yang sama-sama bertujuan menuju, menyembah, dan mengabdi kepada Tuhan. Perbedaan dalam agama hanya terletak pada kulit luar atau sisi eksoterik agama. Wahdah Al-Adyan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sikap toleran, saling menghargai, dan saling menghormati antar pemeluk agama. Bukan bertujuan menyatukan agama atau membenarkan semua agama yang ada tanpa pandang bulu. Wahdah Al-Adyan memandang sebuah agama benar adalah agama yang sesuai dengan perintah penciptaan dan perintah kewajiban yang merupakan wahyu dari Tuhan yang disampaikan oleh para Nabi yang menjamin keselamatan dan kebahagiaan para pemeluknya.
Kontribusi Pendekatan Interdisipliner Dalam Pemahaman Hadis: Perspektif Kontekstual Dan Relevansi Zaman
Authors: Alamudin Muhammad , Nurhamdani Ahmad , Alfi Mahfudz , Amrulloh Amrulloh , Umam Fajrul
Published: February 2025

Dunia yang semakin kompleks ini, semakin banyak permasalahan yang tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan pendekatan yang sempit. Begitupun dalam memahami hadis, perlu adanya interaksi antar disiplin ilmu supaya terdapat keseimbangan relevansi antara penafsiran agama dan realitas kehidupan. Dari hal ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aneka pendekatan interdisipliner dalam memahami hadis dan kontribusi pendekatan interdisipliner dalam memahami hadis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan cara memaparkan data pendekatan interdisipliner dan menganalisis kontribusnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya beberapa pendekatan interdisipliner dalam memahami hadis. Peneliti merumuskan dan mencontohkan pendekatan sosiologi, sejarah, kesehatan, geografi, psikologi, linguistik, dan filosofis dapat digunakan untuk memahami hadis. Dan menemukan bahwa memahami hadis dengan pendekatan interdisipliner berkontribusi dalam empat hal; meminimalisir kesalahpahaman,  memiliki pemahaman yang mendalam, memberikan wawasan situasi sosial dan budaya hadis itu datang, dan mengkontekstualisasikan hadis sesuai waktu dan zamannya.
In Vivo Evaluation of Bryophyllum pinnatum Antimalarial Activity, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Impact on Pancreatic Insulin and Glucagon Expressions
Authors:   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Enyinanya Uzuegbu Ugochukwu , Tarela Ojugbeli Evelyn ,   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Ehioma Utalor Joan ,   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Cyril Dunkwu ,   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Onyewonuwa Acha Joy ,   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Innocent Onyesom ,   Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of Bryophyllum pinnatum on mice infected with malaria, assessing antioxidant activity, histopathological changes, insulin and glucagon expressions by the pancreas, and toxicological alterations. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5/group). Groups 13 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (EEBp), respectively after infection. Group 4 (Positive Control) mice were not infected or treated (NINT). Group 5 (Negative Control) animals were infected but not treated (INT). Group 6 (Standard Control) mice were infected and treated with Lonart®DS at 20mg/kg body weight. The treatment lasted for four days. The assays for antimalarial, antioxidant and toxicological activities, along with phytochemical profiling, pancreatic histopathology and immunohistochemical staining were conducted using standard procedures and documented methods. The phytochemical screening of EEBp revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and triterpenoids. No toxicity was observed at 5000 mg/kg. Antimalarial activity showed significant efficacy, with a mean survival time (MST) of 25.0 ± 0.8 days for the 400 mg/kg EEBp dose (MST for standard treatment = 29.3 ± 0.7) when tracked for 30 days. This dose also protected against oxidative damage in pancreatic tissue (histological score of 1/21), indicating significant treatment response. EEBp modulated insulin and glucagon expressions at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, restoring levels to normal in infected mice. In conclusion, Bryophyllum pinnatum demonstrates potency in malaria treatment in experimental mice. However, further investigation is necessary to identify the active compounds for study as leads.
Silicate liquid immiscibility in the Chang’e 5 lunar mare magmas: constraints on the petrogenesis of lunar granitic rocks
Authors: Zhang Le , Yang Ya-Nan , Wang Jintuan , Cui Ze-Xian , Wang Cheng-Yuan , He Peng-Li , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Lin Mang , Xu Yi-Gang
Published: February 2025

Silicate liquid immiscibility was a common mechanism during the late-stage evolution of lunar basaltic magmas, which produced co-existing and immiscible Si- and Fe-rich melts. However, the relationship between silicate liquid immiscibility and lunar granitic rocks is debated. In this study, we investigated Si-rich melt inclusions hosted in fayalite fragments from lunar soil returned by the Chang’e 5 mission. These melt inclusions have high SiO2 (76.4 wt.%), Al2O3 (11.1 wt.%), and K2O (5.8 wt.%), and low FeO (2.8 wt.%), TiO2 (0.42 wt.%), and MgO (0.02 wt.%) contents. The texture and chemical composition indicate that these Si-rich melt inclusions formed through late-stage silicate liquid immiscibility of the Chang’e 5 mare basaltic magma. Mass balance considerations show that the unfractionated rare earth element patterns and Eu anomalies of these melt inclusions are similar to those of lunar granitic rocks. Dynamic calculations indicate that the accumulation of Si-rich melt was hindered by the high cooling rate of the Chang’e 5 basaltic magma after eruption. However, in deep-crustal magma chambers, basaltic magma would have cooled slowly and the Si-rich melt generated by late-stage silicate liquid immiscibility would possibly have had enough time to migrate upwards and accumulate to form a granitic melt body of significant size. The results of this study support the possibility that lunar granitic rocks are products of silicate liquid immiscibility.
Fractional domain wall statistics in spin chains with anomalous symmetries
Authors: Garre-Rubio José , Schuch Norbert
Published: February 2025

We study the statistics of domain wall excitations in quantum spin chains. We focus on systems with finite symmetry groups represented by matrix product unitaries (MPUs), i.e. finite depth quantum circuits. Such symmetries can be anomalous, in which case gapped phases which they support must break the symmetry. The lowest lying excitations of those systems are thus domain wall excitations. We investigate the behavior of these domain walls under exchange, and find that they can exhibit non-trivial exchange statistics. This statistics is completely determined by the anomaly of the symmetry, and we provide a direct relation between the known classification of MPU symmetry actions on ground states and the domain wall statistics. Already for the simplest case of a \mathbb Z_2ℤ2 symmetry, we obtain that the presence of an anomalous MPU symmetry gives rise to domain wall excitations which behave neither as bosons nor as fermions, but rather exhibit fractional statistics. Finally, we show that the exchange statistics of domain walls is a physically accessible quantity, by devising explicit measurement operators through which it can be determined.
Extracting the symmetries of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems
Authors: Mikheev Aleksandr , Noel Viktoria , Siovitz Ido , Strobel Helmut , Oberthaler Markus , Berges Jürgen , None None
Published: February 2025

Symmetries play a pivotal role in our understanding of the properties of quantum many-body systems. While there are theorems and a well-established toolbox for systems in thermal equilibrium, much less is known about the role of symmetries and their connection to dynamics out of equilibrium. This arises due to the direct link between a system’s thermal state and its Hamiltonian, which is generally not the case for nonequilibrium dynamics. Here we present a pathway to identify the effective symmetries and to extract them from data in nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems. Our approach is based on exact relations between correlation functions involving different numbers of spatial points, which can be viewed as nonequilibrium versions of (equal-time) Ward identities encoding the symmetries of the system. We derive symmetry witnesses, which are particularly suitable for the analysis of measured or simulated data at different snapshots in time. To demonstrate the potential of the approach, we apply our method to numerical and experimental data for a spinor Bose gas. We investigate the important question of a dynamical restoration of an explicitly broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian by the initial state. Remarkably, it is found that effective symmetry restoration can occur long before the system equilibrates. We also use the approach to define and identify spontaneous symmetry breaking far from equilibrium, which is of great relevance for applications to nonequilibrium phase transitions. Our work opens new avenues for the classification and analysis of quantum as well as classical many-body dynamics in a large variety of systems, ranging from ultracold quantum gases to cosmology.
ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors:   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Malhotra Parveen , CF Bibin ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Sanwariya Yogesh ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Senti Senti ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Singh Harman ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Kumar Sandeep ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction-Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises of predominantly ulcerative colitis followed by Crohns disease in India. They affect predominantly gastro-intestinal area but extra-intestinal involvement also occurs which include skin also, symptoms of which can start before, simultaneously or later in the course of IBD.

Case Report-The presentcase report is of a30-year young male with history of six months alopecia universalis and a history of intermittent diarrhea associated with blood for three years. His Colonoscopy and biopsy on histopathological examination confirmed ulcerative colitis. Patient was on mesalamine, steroids and azathioprine. On follow up, there was no regrowth of hair.

Conclusion-Thus,clinicians should recognize that various skin manifestations, including alopecia, may be an extra-intestinal presentation of IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis (U.C.).