bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic of swine influenza virus infection in weaned piglets in five enzootically infected herds in Germany, a cohort study
Authors: Schmies Kathrin , Hennig Christin , Rose Nicolas , Fablet Christelle , Harder Timm , grosse Beilage Elisabeth , Graaf-Rau Annika
Published: October 2024

Background

Within the last decades industrial swine herds in Europe grown significantly, creating an optimized reservoir for swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) to become enzootic, particularly in piglet producing herds among newborn, partly immunologically naïve piglets. To date, the only specific control measure to protect piglets from swIAV is the vaccination of sows, which provides passive immunity through maternally derived antibodies in colostrum of vaccinated sows. Interruption of infection chains through management practices have had limited success. This study focused on weaned piglets in five enzootically swIAV infected swine herds in North-West and North-East Germany and aimed to better understand swIAV infection patterns to improve piglet protection and reduce zoonotic risks. Participating farms fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: sow herd with ≥ 400 sows (actual size 600–1850 sows), piglets not vaccinated against influenza A virus and a history of recurrent respiratory problems associated with continuing influenza A virus infection. Influenza vaccination was performed in all sow herds, except for one, which discontinued vaccination during the study.

Results

First swIAV detections in weaned piglets occurred at 4 weeks of age in the nursery and continued to be detected in piglets up to 10 weeks of age showing enzootic swIAV infections in all herds over the entire nursery period. This included simultaneous circulation of two subtypes in a herd and co-infection with two subtypes in individual animals. Evidence for prolonged (at least 13 days) shedding was obtained in one piglet based on two consecutive swIAV positive samplings. Possible re-infection was suspected in twelve piglets based on three samplings, the second of which was swIAV negative in contrast to the first and third sampling which were swIAV positive. However, swIAV was not detected in nasal swabs from either suckling piglets or sows in the first week after farrowing.

Conclusions

Predominantly, weaned piglets were infected. There was no evidence of transmission from sow to piglet based on swIAV negative nasal swabs from sows and suckling piglets. Prolonged virus shedding by individual piglets as well as the co-circulation of different swIAV subtypes in a group or even individuals emphasize the potential of swIAV to increase genetic (and potentially phenotypic) variation and the need to continue close monitoring. Understanding the dynamics of swIAV infections in enzootically infected herds has the overall goal of improving protection to reduce economic losses due to swIAV-related disease and consequently to advance animal health and well-being.
Association of intraprocedural near admission-level blood pressure with functional outcome in stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Chen Min , Sauer Lukas Daniel , Herwig Mika , Jesser Jessica , Kieser Meinhard , Potreck Arne , Möhlenbruch Markus , Ringleb Peter Arthur , Schönenberger Silvia
Published: October 2024

Background

Optimal blood pressure management during endovascular stroke treatment is not certain. We hypothesized that time or proportion of intraprocedural systolic blood pressure spent in a range around admission blood pressure might be associated with better clinical outcome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study at a single center at a university hospital, which included patients from August 2018 to September 2020 suffering from acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation vessel occlusion and treated with endovascular therapy. Time and proportion of procedure time where systolic blood pressure (SBP) was near the baseline SBP on admission (bSBP) were used as exposure variables. The primary outcome was the occurrence of mRS score 0–2 three months after stroke. The primary analysis was performed by fitting a logistic regression model adjusted for baseline NIHSS, pre-stroke mRS, mTICI score, intubation, age and sex.

Results

We included 589 patients in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 76 (12) years, 315 were women (53%) and mean (SD) NIHSS score at admission was 15 (7.5). Mean (SD) bSBP was 167 (28) mmHg and mean (SD) intraprocedural SBP was 147 (21) mmHg. The proportion of time where intraprocedural SBP was in range of bSBP ± 20% was associated with a slightly higher odds of achieving favorable outcome (adjusted OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.0003–1.013).

Conclusion

A higher proportion of intraprocedural time with systolic blood pressure in range of ± 20% of the admission level is associated with higher odds of favorable functional outcome.

Trial Registration

Not applicable.
Inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus niger spores in dehydrated onion shreds after pulsed light and infrared treatments
Authors: Savitha Srinivasan , Chakraborty Snehasis , Thorat Bhaskar N.
Published: October 2024

Fresh onions are dehydrated to increase their shelf-life. Primarily, open dehydration techniques like solar dehydration come with the problem of contamination through natural air convection. A solar conduction dryer that uses conduction, convection, and radiation for dehydration of food samples is exploited in this study. The food samples are often contaminated by Bacillus and Aspergillus species spores. As a remedy, pulsed light treatment as a non-thermal technology and infrared treatment as a thermal technology are studied and compared. Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus niger spores are chosen as a representative of bacterial and fungal contamination in onions. Dehydrated onion shreds with varying water activities (0.4, 0.5, 0.6) were treated. The spore inactivation was best described by Weibull model as compared with first-order model. Scanning electron microscopy images of the microbial cells showed surface distortions on the bacterial and fungal spores. The effect of the treatment technologies on the colour, flavour (thiosulphinate and pyruvic acid concentration), total phenolic and flavonoid content, and ascorbic acid concentration are compared. Overall, pulsed light treatment showed promising inactivation with a maximum log reduction of 4.5 log B. cereus spores·g−1 and 3.1 log A. niger spores·g−1 at 2.131 J·cm−2 in samples with water activity 0.6. The inactivation rate increased with an increase in water activity. The colour was better retained in pulsed light treated samples. The thiosulphinate content (9.24 μmol·g−1), total phenolics (0.268 mg GAE·g−1), and flavonoid content (0.344 mg QE·g−1) in the sample were improved upon pulsed light exposure.

Graphical Abstract
Insights for possible association and impact of thyroidectomy to osteoarthritis
Authors: Almaliky Naseer K. , Al-Sari U. A. , AL-Shaeli Sattar J. J. , Gharban Hasanain A. J.
Published: October 2024

Background and aim of study

Thyroidectomy and osteoarthritis have drawn more attention in last decades due to increase various local and systemic risk factors. This study is aimed to determine the association and impact between thyroidectomy and osteoarthritis by serological measurement of most specific related markers.

Results

Measurement of thyroid markers showed the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly increased, while parathyroid hormone (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were decreased in osteoarthritis subjected to thyroidectomy group (OTG) when compared to hyperthyroidism subjected to thyroidectomy group (TG), osteoarthritis group (OG), and healthy control group (CG). Detection the activity of bone markers showed the level of R-factor was significantly elevated concomitant with significant reduction in Dickkopf related protein 1 (DKK1), human hyaluronan-binding protein 2 (HABP2), osteocalcin (OC) in OG and OTG groups, while osteopontin (OPN) and procollagen I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) were significantly increased and decreased in TG and OTG. Furthermore, the level of S100 Calcium binding protein (S100CBP) showed significant decreased in patient’s groups, while TG with OTG groups exhibited significant reduction in sclerostin (SOST) concentration. Regarding the inflammatory markers, the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was increased in the OTG, while the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased in OG and TG groups, and reduced in OTG. While, the level of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was decreased in OG and TG associated with significant increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha level (TNF-α) in OTG. Measurement of oxidant and antioxidant activity markers showed the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced in all patient’s groups compared to control, except the level of CAT in TG, whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased in OG and OTG patients. Furthermore, the levels of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-Reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were increased in all patient groups compared to control, while fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) level was increased in OTG only.

Conclusion

This unique study in Iraq is identified the interaction effect and impact of thyroidectomy to osteoarthritis according to the results that showed various changes and degree of correlation of study biomarkers in all patient groups, however more depth of specific quantitative and qualitative studies are required to support this association and the impact claim at molecular level.
An artificial neural network visible mathematical model for predicting slug liquid holdup in low to high viscosity multiphase flow for horizontal to vertical pipes
Authors: Nwanwe Chibuzo Cosmas , Duru Ugochukwu Ilozurike , Anyadiegwu Charley Iyke C. , Ekejuba Azunna I. B. , Onwukwe Stanley I. , Nwachukwu Angela N. , Okonkwo Boniface U.
Published: October 2024

Slug liquid holdup (SLH) is a critical requirement for accurate pressure drop prediction during multiphase pipe flows and by extension optimal gas lift design and production optimization in wellbores. Existing empirical correlations provide inaccurate predictions because they were developed with regression analysis and data measured for limited ranges of flow conditions. Existing SLH machine learning models provide accurate predictions but are published without any equations making their use by other researchers difficult. The only existing ML model published with actual equations cannot be considered optimum because it was selected by considering artificial neural network (ANN) structures with only one hidden layer. In this study, an ANN-based model for SLH prediction with actual equations is presented. A total of 2699 data points randomly divided into 70%, 15%, and 15% for training, validation, and testing was used in constructing 71 different network structures with 1, 2, and 3 hidden layers respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the optimum network structure has 3 hidden layers with 20, 5, and 15 neurons in the first, second, and third hidden layers, respectively. The optimum network structure was translated into actual equations with the aid of the weights, biases, and activation functions. Trend analysis revealed that this study’s model reproduced the expected effects of inputs on SLH. Test against measured data revealed that this study’s model is in agreement with measured data with coefficient of determinations of 0.9791, 0.9727, 0.9756, and 0.9776 for training, testing, validation, and entire datasets, respectively. Comparative study revealed that this study’s model outperformed existing models with a relative performance factor of 0.002. The present model is presented with visible mathematical equations making its implementation by any user easy and without the need for any ML framework. Unlike existing ANN-based models developed with one hidden layered ANN structures, the present model was developed by considering ANN structures with one, two, and three hidden layers, respectively.
3D characterization of the Mila 18 archaeological site in Warsaw, Poland: From imaging to excavation
Authors: McClymont Alastair F. , Konik Jacek , Jol Harry M. , Bauman Paul D. , Miazga Colin , Reeder Philip
Published: October 2024

Archaeological site investigations in urban environments are often beset with challenges such as (1) an absence of buried artifacts due to recent disturbance from infrastructure development or (2) community concerns about potential site impacts from excavations. Noninvasive geophysical surveys that use a combination of methods can help mitigate the risks of uncertain outcomes by identifying areas where culturally significant features are more likely to be uncovered. We show how new technology and traditional geophysical survey methods were used to characterize the subsurface of the Mila 18 Memorial site in Warsaw, Poland. This site is one of the most important places of remembrance for the Holocaust and coincides with the location of an underground bunker that was used by Jewish resistance groups during the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. In this case study, we showcase the use of drone multispectral imaging and handheld lidar scanning in conjunction with other geophysical techniques including electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar, magnetic gradiometer, twin-probe resistance, and fixed-frequency electromagnetic surveying. The geophysical results were included in an interactive 3D site model to help identify a suitable site for excavation. To document the excavation and to validate and further interrogate the geophysical survey results, we used lidar-based photo-textured scans of the excavation that were incorporated into the 3D site model.
Real-World Clinical Outcomes With Sacituzumab Govitecan in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Alaklabi Sabah , Roy Arya Mariam , Zagami Paola , Chakraborty Anumita , Held Nicole , Elijah Joseph , George Anthony , Attwood Kristopher , Shaikh Saba S. , Chaudhary Lubna N. , Abdou Yara , Gandhi Shipra
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is approved for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). We report the real-world clinical effectiveness and toxicity data of SG in patients with mTNBC.

METHODS

A multi-institution retrospective study of patients with mTNBC treated with SG from January 2021 to May 2023 was conducted. Demographic and clinicopathologic variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used for survival analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 115 patients were included. The median age at SG initiation was 60 years (range, 31-85). All patients were female; 73 (63.5%) were White and 31 (27.0%) were Black. The median number of previous therapies in the metastatic setting was two (range, 0-8). Sixty-one (56.0%) patients had primary refractory disease. Median relative dose intensity was 92% (range, 33%-100%). Grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) were seen in 50.9% of patients, which included neutropenia (35.7%), anemia (27.0%), vomiting (16.5%), fatigue (8.7%), and diarrhea (7.0%). Dose reductions and treatment discontinuation due to AEs were required in 51.3% and 13.2%, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) was 27.8%. Median overall survival was 9.6 months (95% CI, 7.8 to 12.9) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 5.9). In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–low mTNBC who received trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) after SG, the ORR to T-DXd was 34.8% and median PFS was 7 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 10.1).

CONCLUSION

In a real-world cohort of heavily pretreated patients with mTNBC, SG retains its clinical activity. In a subgroup with HER2-low disease, T-DXd continues to demonstrate promising clinical activity after SG, supporting the use of sequential antibody-drug conjugates in this population.
Beyond Malignancy Risk Stratification: FNAC Report Anticipates Thyroid Cancer Staging. Insights From Recent Studies
Authors: Rotondi Mario , Endo Mayumi , Teliti Marsida , Crescenzi Anna , Azaryan Irina , Croce Laura , Elisei Rossella , Fugazzola Laura , Cibas Edmund S , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Sipos Jennifer A
Published: October 2024

Fine-needle-aspiration-cytology (FNAC) is safe and cost-effective procedure for evaluating thyroid nodules. The non-negligible rate of indeterminate thyroid nodule (ITN) cytology warrants diagnostic surgery for histological assessment, in some cases. Two recent studies (from Europe and the United States) reported that the clinical behavior of a histologically proven thyroid cancer (TC) varies according to its presurgical FNAC results. Despite differences in study design, inclusion criteria, and the use of different cytology classification systems (Italian and Bethesda), the overall results were comparable. In order to further discuss these results and to provide additional perspective on the topic, the senior authors of the 2 studies invited other thyroid experts and cytologists not involved in the previous studies to participate in the present commentary. The strong, consistent clinical message that emerges, especially regarding PTC, is that TC with an initial diagnosis of ITN has a less aggressive clinical presentation, lower rates of (1) lymph node metastasis; (2) more aggressive variants; and (3) BRAFV600E mutations compared with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with an initial diagnosis of “suspicious for malignancy” or “malignant.” These results were consistent in both studies and strongly point toward a more indolent clinical phenotype of DTC with a preoperative diagnosis of ITN as opposed to suspicious for malignancy or malignant. Further understanding the clinical implications of these data appears of clinical relevance and will be discussed from both the endocrinologist and the cytologist point of view. The here overviewed data provide the foundation for beginning to examine the impact of less aggressive therapies for TC with an initial ITN diagnosis.
Transcending Pseudohistory: Korean Early Asia and Discourse Analysis
Authors: Logie Andrew
Published: October 2024

Advocates of Korean pseudohistory imagine early Korea to have comprised a vast continental empire. They accuse professional scholars, who reject their ideas, of promoting “colonial historiography” to the benefit of China and Japan. This polemic resonates with domestic political nationalism. In 2014–15 it caused the termination of two government-funded projects, and a similar incident occurred in 2023. Despite a series of critiques, pseudohistory continues to thrive, particularly in the popular domain, and cannot be ignored. The challenge is how to address it. The author suggests two directions that can attend to pseudohistory while offering constructive areas for new research. The first is to pay attention to a discourse of Korean scholarship that focuses on regions extending beyond the conventional boundaries of Early Korea. This discourse represents a critical counterpart to pseudohistorical narratives of expansive empire, while its study enables engagement with Korean scholarship. The second suggestion is wider discourse analysis. For given topics of early Korea and Asia, we should model popular and pseudohistorical discourse alongside scholarly discourse, thus attending to popular and public domains. To address online, screen, and real-world sites of historical discourse, this article calls for constructive collaboration from a wider disciplinary spectrum of Korean studies and communication fields.
The Sacred Text and the Language of the Leader: “Cultured Language” and the Rhetorical Turn in North Korea
Authors: Roy Ria
Published: October 2024

This article examines the emergence of munhwaŏ (“Cultured Language”) in relation to the primacy of the leader in the DPRK. The articulation of the linguistic and cultural policies of munhwaŏ was inseparable from the development and formalization of the political leadership. The active translation, reception, and development of the Stalinist and Soviet linguistic tradition by North Korean intellectuals, together with the death of Stalin in 1953, importantly shaped the state’s quest for linguistic modernity. By tracing the “rhetorical turn” in North Korean linguistics in the 1960s, the author explores the development of munhwaŏ and its relation to the distinctive development of a charismatic oratory and a linguistic etiquette for the leader. One significant feature of North Korea’s quest for linguistic modernity is the way in which it diverges from its Soviet counterpart. By meticulously theorizing the language to be used of and for the leader, or what the author describes as the linguistic ritualization of charisma, North Korea offered an original contribution to the field of charismatic rhetoric. A comprehensive manual describing this rhetoric was developed, serving as a guide to the “sacred text” of the leader and describing how to articulate and express the presence of the leader in the public sphere.
O valor gerado pelo aplicativo “Meu INSS” na prestação dos serviços ofertados pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social
Authors: Barreto Bruno Batista , Leite Igor Carvalho Furtado , Guerra Jair
Published: October 2024

A partir da necessidade de melhorar a eficiência dos serviços públicos ofertados à sociedade, o governo tem buscado evolução por meio de soluções tecnológicas, que promoveram uma mudança na maneira de se relacionar entre Estado e cidadão. A utilização dessas tecnologias pode proporcionar a geração de valor público, mas também dificuldades, especialmente para aqueles que residem em locais mais remotos, zonas rurais ou ainda com baixo grau de escolaridade. O Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) se relaciona com a população a partir de sua plataforma de serviços, disponibilizada de forma presencial, por meio de sua rede de agências físicas, ou a distância, via central de teleatendimento ou on-line. Na modalidade on-line se destaca o uso do aplicativo “Meu INSS”, criado em 2019 como parte do pacote de transformação digital da Autarquia. A partir do acesso à conta, o usuário tem à sua disposição uma central de serviços que possibilita a realização de consultas, simulações de aposentadorias, emissões de extratos de contribuições e benefícios, protocolos e acompanhamento de requerimentos, e os demais serviços ofertados pela instituição.
Projeto para o desenvolvimento de sistema de controle do crédito tributário de ITD: rumo à transformação digital na administração tributária estadual
Authors: Nebenzahl Flávio do Cabo de Carvalho , Veiga Carla Carvalho da
Published: October 2024

O estudo tem por objetivo relatar a elaboração do projeto Sistema de Controle do ITD (SCITD), no qual foram mapeados os fluxos dos processos de trabalho referentes à gestão tributária do crédito tributário de ITD, executados pela Secretaria de Estado de Fazenda do Rio de Janeiro (SEFAZ-RJ). O projeto decorreu da identificação da necessidade de modernização do processo de lançamento tributário de ITD e da relação entre contribuintes, fisco e outros órgãos envolvidos. O resultado do projeto foi a especificação de um sistema digital que promoveria a transformação digital na administração tributária. No final, o SCITD não foi desenvolvido, mas o conhecimento gerado no projeto tem sido usado na modernização da Secretaria de Estado de Fazenda, e será importante para a evolução do sistema atual, concebido a partir de parte das funcionalidades especificadas para o SCITD.
Um banco para todos?
Authors: Barros Angelo Miguel de , Prado Junior Eduardo de Jesus , Siqueira Renato Silva , Azevedo Rodrigo Luiz Sias de , Nascimento Thiago Gomes do
Published: October 2024

Este caso de ensino aborda o dilema enfrentado pelo recém-eleito presidente de Utopia quanto ao futuro do principal banco público do país. Em meio a uma nação dividida e polarizada, muito se fala a respeito do dilema privatização x estatização. Nesse processo, o presidente de Utopia decide aprofundar seu conhecimento em correntes de pensamento tradicionais para encontrar o melhor caminho para o futuro do banco público, chamado Banco X. O caso apresenta características marcantes do pensamento marxista e keynesiano, além de explorar alguns dos principais pensadores do liberalismo, como Adam Smith e Friedrich Hayek. Aborda-se, também, a relevância de uma instituição financeira na execução de políticas públicas e seus efeitos no apoio à gestão econômica de um país.
Carga esburacada
Authors: Silva Gustavo de Oliveira e , Silva Joquebede dos Santos Antevere , Souza Lucas Menezes de , Ferreira Luis Fernando Fonseca , Fonseca Marília Alencar da , Cavalcante Nick Simonek Maluf
Published: October 2024

Este estudo de caso narra a viagem de dois grandes amigos caminhoneiros, Rocha Firme e Montana, que se aventuraram nas estradas brasileiras para comemorar o aniversário de 70 anos de Rocha Firme. Já no início da viagem, eles depararam com engarrafamento, estradas esburacadas e acidente com vítima, o que atrapalhou a programação do primeiro dia e os desmotivou. Em razão dos problemas passados, uniram-se à manifestação da população de Caoslândia em prol de melhorias nas rodovias federais. A repercussão do movimento social foi tão grande que acarretou um comitê estatal, cujo objetivo era solucionar o quanto antes, mesmo que temporariamente, os problemas narrados, a fim de que não impactassem o período eleitoral nem prejudicassem as reeleições. O presente estudo aborda dois temas relevantes e cotidianos da administração pública: o processo de aprovação, elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas, bem como a ineficiência estatal com ênfase nas falhas institucionais. Desse modo, as perguntas propostas buscam fomentar o debate e apresentar ao leitor, com narrativa hipotética, os problemas reais afetos às rodovias federais, de modo a desenvolver criticamente o entendimento sobre as temáticas da administração pública brasileira.
A previdência de pessoas transgênero: o INSS e a ausência de regulamentação da idade elegível conforme a identidade de gênero
Authors: Silva Gescelio Soares da
Published: October 2024

Artigo analisa a relação de pessoas transgênero e a previdência pública no Brasil, sob a perspectiva de facilidade de formalização, do custo proporcional da contribuição para o Regime Geral, bem como o acesso a benefícios por incapacidade laboral e por idade avançada, concluindo pela necessidade de ações afirmativas integradas entre as várias áreas do governo em todas suas esferas, organizações não governamentais e iniciativa privada, bem como mudanças nos protocolos e atendimento do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) e da Subsecretaria da Perícia Médica Federal do Ministério da Previdência Social (SPMF/MPS).
Comportamento pró-ambiental e disposição para pagar mais: uma análise dos turistas na praia de Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Borges Luiz Guilherme , Sales Augusto , Barbosa Luiz Gustavo Medeiros
Published: October 2024

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento pró-ambiental dos turistas que visitam a praia de Copacabana, no Rio de Janeiro, e sua disposição em pagar e se deslocar mais para consumir em estabelecimentos com práticas sustentáveis. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados nos Postos 3 e 4 em Copacabana com 399 turistas que apresentaram um comportamento pró-ambiental. Posteriormente foi analisada a disposição desses turistas em pagar e se deslocar mais para consumir em estabelecimentos com práticas sustentáveis. Para o estudo, foi utilizado o método de análise descritiva. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos turistas apresentam um comportamento pró-ambiental e que em média estão dispostos a andar até 200 metros e a pagar aumentos máximos de até 10% naqueles estabelecimentos com práticas sustentáveis. Além disso, foi identificado que as variáveis sociodemográficas influenciam no comportamento pró-ambiental dos turistas.
O bem-assessorado: o caso da cidade de Sucupira
Authors: Amaral Alexandre Ribeiro , Souza Antônio José Inácio de , Oliveira Daniele Cecília Frota , Araújo Hugo Tavares
Published: October 2024

O presente caso visa à contextualização entre a dicotomia do “patrimonialismo” e a gestão da “coisa pública” associados ao dano ao erário ante os dilemas envolvendo o recebimento de receitas, a aplicação de despesas e o controle externo. Ao desenvolver o caso de ensino, realizou-se uma problematização acerca do papel estatal e da tomada de decisão com foco nas disfunções das relações entre fornecedores e servidores. Desta feita, um fornecedor torna-se agente público responsável por realizar o controle do seu próprio contrato. Na tentativa de obter vantagens do cargo público, revelou-se indicações políticas de servidores parentes de gestores, denotando ausência de impessoalidade de nomeações, além de conflitos de interesse, ausência de segregação e desvios de funções. Tais práticas agravam a situação das administrações, comprometendo a confiança e a expectativa social quanto à boa e regular aplicação dos recursos públicos.
Sucupiraprev
Authors: Silva Carlos Alves da , Soares Francisco Alberto de Oliveira , Araujo João Afonso da Silva , Freitas Márcio Osório de , Santos Marcos Malcher
Published: October 2024

Este caso de ensino aborda o ato de nomeação efetuado pelo prefeito de Sucupira, Robalto Maués Peralta, para os cargos de diretor-presidente, conselheiros administrativos e fiscais da Autarquia Municipal de Previdência Própria, o Fundo Previdenciário do Município de Sucupira (Sucupiraprev). Como Regime Próprio de Previdência Social (RPPS), Sucupiraprev é composto por servidores temporários e sofre com a falta de atualização em seu portal de transparência, de atuação do controle interno e de um sistema de integridade. Apesar de possuir há anos Certificado de Regularidade Previdenciária (CRP) emitido judicialmente, a autarquia não realiza a compensação previdenciária, não contrata atuário para realizar parecer atuarial e a prefeitura de Sucupira não recolhe tempestivamente as contribuições previdenciárias para o Sucupiraprev. Isso tudo ocorre em um ambiente político conturbado, no qual se busca, no entanto, o binômio técnico e político na eficiência da gestão do RPPS.
Ratanabá, boiuna e a (ir)redução sociológica: um caso amazônico sobre a implementação da política pública de saneamento
Authors: Rodrigues Cristiane Barbosa , Marques Euderiques Pereira , Meira Fernando da Rocha , Souza Rebson Bernardo de , Cavalcante Renata Gama
Published: October 2024

Este caso de ensino narra a história fictícia da cidade ribeirinha de Ratanabá, situada na Amazônia. A falta de acesso à água tratada e o descarte inadequado de esgoto no rio Purus ameaçam a saúde dos habitantes. O problema ganha destaque quando casos de cólera são reportados na região. Um comerciante local, afetado pessoalmente, candidata-se à prefeitura com o compromisso de resolver a questão do acesso à política de saneamento básico. Após eleito, a realidade burocrática atinge o novo gestor público, que enfrenta diversos dilemas na implementação da política pública pilar de sua eleição. Diante da falta de pessoal capacitado e limitações financeiras, o prefeito busca recursos externos em Brasília. Após várias tentativas frustradas, uma emenda parlamentar viabiliza a construção de uma estação de tratamento. No entanto, a falta de planejamento público adequado – para além da evidenciada desconsideração dos conhecimentos das comunidades tradicionais, in casu, na lenda regional da Boiúna – causa um deslizamento de terras que destrói as instalações de saneamento. Sugere-se aplicação deste caso em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Administração Pública, Gestão Pública e Políticas Públicas, uma vez que aborda diversos conceitos em seu desenvolvimento, como finanças públicas, capacidade estatal, redução sociológica, cooperação intergovernamental e ciclo de políticas públicas.
Quais competências um membro do conselho de disputas deve buscar para ser bem-sucedido?
Authors: Quintão Heider , Dias Murillo de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

Este artigo investiga as competências que influenciam as atividades dos membros do Dispute Board na construção de infraestrutura no Brasil. O estudo envolveu entrevistas com 31 especialistas, incluindo 15 engenheiros especialistas do setor, levando à identificação das Seis Principais Competências por meio de análise de conteúdo e temática. Esta pesquisa inovadora oferece informações valiosas para os membros do Dispute Board, bem como para tomadores de decisão públicos e privados, acadêmicos e outros profissionais do setor. As descobertas também têm implicações práticas para disputas corporativas, operações de concessão, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, propriedade intelectual e compartilhamento de produção, pois podem ser usadas para melhorar as melhores práticas e criar valor em vários contextos de negócios. Em última análise, este trabalho contribui teoricamente, oferecendo insights originais e praticamente fornecendo uma base para pesquisas futuras.
Ratanabá, Boiúna e a (ir)redução sociológica: um caso amazônico sobre a implementação da política pública de saneamento
Authors: Rodrigues Cristiane Barbosa , Marques Euderiques Pereira , Meira Fernando da Rocha , Souza Rebson Bernardo de , Cavalcante Renata Gama
Published: October 2024

Informamos que as notas de ensino dos casos possuem acesso restrito e são exclusivas para docentes e instrutores vinculados à uma instituição acadêmica. Saiba mais.
Αρχαιολογικοί χώροι στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Πεταρούδα Γεωργία
Published: October 2024

Η διαχείριση των αρχαιολογικών χώρων στην Ελλάδα είναι ένα πολυδιάστατο επιστημονικό πεδίο συνεχώς εξελισσόμενο, άμεσα συνδεδεμένο με το επιστημονικό αντικείμενο της Δημόσιας Αρχαιολογίας. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται οι πολιτικές και οι στρατηγικές διαμόρφωσης και ανάδειξης των αρχαιολογικών χώρων από τη συγκρότηση του νεοελληνικού κράτους έως και τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Για την επίτευξη της όσο το δυνατόν αποτελεσματικότερης έρευνας διευρευνήθηκε και μελετήθηκε αημοσίευτο, ως επί το πλείστον, αρχειακό υλικό της Διεύθυνσης Διαχείρισης Εθνικού Αρχείου Μνημείων του Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού. Η προσπάθεια για την προστασία των μνημειακών τόπων ξεκίνησε από τα πρώτα βήματα του νεοελληνικού κράτους, επηρεασμένη από τις ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες και τις πνευματικές ιδεολογίες του 19ου αιώνα. Εξαρχής τη μέριμνα και την ανάδειξη σημαντικών αρχαίων μνημείων ανέλαβε ο κρατικός ελληνικός μηχανισμός με σκοπό να κερδίσει την υποστήριξη τόσο του ελληνικού λαού, όσο και της Δυτικής Ευρώπης. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό παρουσιάζονται η πολιτιστική στρατηγική των Βαυαρών, ο πολεοδομικός σχεδιασμός της Αθήνας ως νέας πρωτεύουσας σε σχέση με τη διαμόρφωση ζώνης προστασίας αρχαιοτήτων, καθώς και ζητήματα ευπρεπισμού και φύλαξης σημαντικών αρχαιολογικών χώρων. Στο πρώτο μισό του 20ού αιώνα και ειδικότερα μετά την καταστροφή της Μικράς Ασίας (1922) και την εγκατάλειψη της Μεγάλης Ιδέας, η κρατική μέριμνα, η ανάδειξη και η προστασία των μνημειακών τόπων αναθεωρείται. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό σημαντικό ρόλο είχαν η νέα τουριστική πολιτική καθώς και οι αναβιώσεις αρχαίου δράματος. Αρκετοί αρχαιολογικοί χώροι αναδιαμορφώνονται ενώ ο τρόπος διαχείρισής τους αναθεωρείται από την Αρχαιολογική Υπηρεσία. Αυτή η διαδικασία εξελίχθηκε σταδιακά σε διεθνές, εθνικό και τοπικό επίπεδο, συνδεόμενη στενά με την τουριστική πολιτική και τις πολιτιστικές πολιτικές της εποχής.
Σημασιολογική αναπαράσταση και υποστήριξη αποφάσεων στη συντήρηση πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς
Authors: Μωραΐτου Ευθυμία
Published: October 2024

Η τεκμηρίωση και διαχείριση πληροφοριών αποτελεί αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι της συντήρησης και αποκατάστασης (ΣκΑ) της Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς (ΠΚ) και διενεργείται παράλληλα με τις διαδικασίες που η ΣκΑ περιλαμβάνει όπως η μελέτη, ανάλυση, διάγνωση, προληπτική και επεμβατική συντήρηση και ευρύτερη διαχείριση αντικειμένων και μνημείων. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, οι επιστήμονες και επαγγελματίες του τομέα παράγουν και ανταλλάσσουν ένα μεγάλο εύρος πληροφοριών, προκειμένου να βγάλουν συμπεράσματα, να λάβουν αποφάσεις και τελικά να εφαρμόσουν τις κατάλληλες επεμβάσεις. Ωστόσο, τα μέσα διασύνδεσης, πρόσβασης, εύρεσης και αξιοποίησης των πληροφοριών αυτών είναι περιορισμένα, κυρίως λόγω του ότι οι πληροφορίες παρουσιάζουν αξιοσημείωτη ετερογένεια και συχνά είναι κατακερματισμένες. Προκειμένου να ξεπεραστούν τα προαναφερθέντα προβλήματα και τελικά να υποστηριχθεί σε κάποιο βαθμό η διαδικασία ΣκΑ, έχουν προταθεί και υιοθετηθεί διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις από απλά εργαλεία ως πιο περίπλοκα συστήματα. Τα εργαλεία και τα συστήματα αυτά αξιοποιούν διαφορετικές τεχνολογίες, μεταξύ των οποίων ιδιαίτερα δημοφιλείς είναι οι τεχνολογίες Σημασιολογικού Ιστού (ΣΙ). Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα παραπάνω, η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά προσεγγίσεις που συμβάλλουν θετικά στον τρόπο που η γνώση και κατ’ επέκταση η πληροφορία που αφορά στη συντήρηση της ΠΚ γίνεται αντιληπτή και χρησιμοποιείται, δίνοντας ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στις μεθόδους και τεχνολογίες του ΣΙ. Μέσα από την μελέτη των υπαρχουσών λύσεων καθώς και την ανάλυση της πληροφορίας και των διαφορετικών σημασιολογικών μοντέλων, την τυπική αναπαράσταση της γνώσης, και την δημιουργία λογικών κανόνων, η έρευνα αποσκοπεί στην διαμόρφωση ενός πλαισίου υποστήριξης λήψης αποφάσεων για επεμβάσεις ΣκΑ βασισμένο σε οντολογία. Το πλαίσιο και η οντολογία που ενσωματώνει θα βοηθήσει τους ειδικούς του τομέα ενδιαφέροντος να περιγράψουν τις διαφορετικές παραμέτρους που λαμβάνονται υπόψη, να καθορίσουν και να κατανοήσουν τις σχετικές απαιτήσεις και τα κριτήρια επιλογής, και να εντοπίσουν και επιλέξουν κατάλληλες επιλογές επεμβάσεων ΣκΑ για δεδομένες περιπτώσεις.
The Bimodal Epithermal Astronuclear Reactor (BEAR): A Long-Lived, Universal Space Nuclear Powerplant
Authors: Widdicombe Teyen , Herring J. Stephen , Kirkwood Brad
Published: October 2024

A neutronic model of a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion reactor based on the NERVA Peewee design using High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU) fuel in a Zirconium Carbide matrix has been thoroughly characterised and continuously modified over the last few years at the CSNR. The initial design (Emu, for the flightless bird) created in the summer of 2020 and presented at the NETS 2021 conference, has undergone significant adjustments in this time. Two major investigations have been undertaken and evolved over time; one into the requisites for the provision of electrical power to the propelled spacecraft via the circulation of a noble gas mixture in a closed Brayton cycle, and another into the use of planetary regolith as a reflector, reducing neutron leakage at what would otherwise be the reactor’s end of life in vacuo, rekindling it for an extended period of time as well as providing a very easy ultimate disposal solution, replacing the control drums with rods. It was determined that there are no insurmountable obstacles to performance in either mode.
Belarusian economy in the face of Western sanctions
Authors: Kosowska Katarzyna , Kosowski Piotr
Published: October 2024

In recent years, Belarus has been developing in conditions of extreme turbulence and uncertainty of socio-economic development due to the intensification of external and internal threats, undermining the possibilities of sustainable and balanced economic growth. Among the key external threats, we should mention: the rapid increase in geopolitical tensions after the rigged presidential elections in Belarus in August 2020 and the unprecedented pressure of sanctions from Western countries on the economy of Belarus, the migrations crisis, and Russia after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The broken dialogue with the West deprived President Lukashenko of the possibility of balancing between the EU and Russia, especially in the economic field. This article analyzes the condition of the Belarusian economy against the background of Western sanctions imposed on the country in 2020 and 2022.
Future armed conflicts - A new point of view
Authors: Tomaszycki Marek , Smal Tomasz , Świętochowski Norbert
Published: October 2024

This article focusses on future wars and the resulting consequences for the development of the armed forces. The purpose of this study is to indicate the course of future armed conflicts on the base of the forecasts presented by the largest research centres as well as to signal the need to look at them from a new point of view, disregarding the current tense situation in the world. The subjects of the research are armed conflicts, and above all, the possible ways of conducting them in the future, as well as the domains in which they will be fought. The authors assume that the causes and forms of future armed conflicts will evolve. Changes will depend on the time and place of the outbreak of conflicts, the technology used, as well as the scale of their play. It is also assumed that future armed conflicts will take place in all domains, between equal opponents or between great powers and smaller states or organizations, which are weaker to them in every respect. In the paper, the authors took an attempt to answer the following questions: How will the geopolitical and economic situation in the world change, also in the context of progressing climate change? How will armed conflicts evolve in a changing world? How will future wars play out and what capabilities should military forces have to fight them? According to the analysis, the authors claim that future armed conflicts will: take place in all domains; require a rapid situation assessment and decisions; conducted in a complex environment; include hybrid strategies; increasingly difficult to resolve; non-linear; took the form of asymmetric activities; periodically conducted without electronic devices (an opponent can disable devices or track them); implemented by modular units capable of conducting independent activities at the lowest levels; saturated with robots and drones.
The genome sequence of the yellow-girdled Dasysyrphus, Dasysyrphus tricinctus (Fallén, 1817)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Woodcock Katie J ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Dasysyrphus tricinctus (the yellow-girdled Dasysyrphus; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence spans 1,054.90 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.39 kilobases in length.
E-commerce and Mobile Application Development in the Sports Industry
Authors: Jin Biao
Published: October 2024

In order to achieve user recommendations that best match their current contextual needs, the author proposes a mobile service QoS (Quality of Service) hybrid recommendation model based on sports user situational awareness. Cluster the users and service items covered by mobile users based on their location contextual information according to the classification principle of autonomous systems, forming a collaborative filtering and recommendation mechanism for mobile user service items; In response to the cold start problem of new users and new projects in traditional QoS recommendation methods, prediction and recommendation of missing QoS attribute preference values are based on User based and Item based CF; In response to the problem of difficult determination of mixed recommendation weights caused by massive data and uneven distribution of service QoS attribute values in mobile network environments, MapReduce based ant colony neural network weight training is used for CF mixed recommendation. Experimental results have shown that the Hadoop sports industry has improved the operational efficiency of algorithms and reduced the time for global QoS preference prediction; And by comparing the operation results of the 10% and 100% sub datasets, it can also be seen that the acceleration ratio of the algorithm will continuously improve with the increase of data volume, thereby improving the operational efficiency of the recommendation algorithm. It has been proven that the MapReduce based ant colony neural network weight training method significantly reduces the global computation time of the algorithm and improves the operational efficiency of the recommendation system.
Personalized Health Management Strategies Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in the Network Environment
Authors: Wei Lili , Wei Jinda
Published: October 2024

In order to study the optimal personalized motion push target, the author proposes a personalized health managementstrategy based on deep reinforcement learning in the network environment. Firstly, the research problem is defined, and a real-time interactive personalized motion target decision-making model is constructed; Subsequently, in response to the uncertain characteristics of user behavior in the problem, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm was adopted, combined with the departure strategy temporal difference learning method and neural network nonlinear fitting method, in order to learn strategies from user historical data; Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was validated using a real dataset from Fitbit. The research results indicate that personalized motion goal push services based on deep reinforcement learning can help users cultivate a healthy lifestyle and improve their personal health management level by analyzing user behavior data in real-time, providing scientific guidance and timely incentives.
In the Educational Nexus: Understanding the Sequential Influence of Big Five Personality Traits, Major Identity, and Self-Esteem on Academic Outcomes through Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Geddam Rebakah , Khanpara Pimal , Ghiria Himanshu , Patel Tvisha
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, major identity, self-esteem, and academic outcomes in education. It uses clustering techniques to examine the impact of these factors on students’ academic performance. The research reveals unique patterns when considering personality traits, major identity formation, and self-esteem. The findings highlight the importance of considering these factors when understanding academic attainment trajectories. The study uses popular clustering methods like K-means, DBSCAN, and Hierarchical clustering to reveal latent clusters and provide unique profiles with different combinations of major identity orientations, personality traits, and self-esteem levels. The performance of clustering algorithms is also evaluated using standard assessment metrics. The findings offer insights into the sequential influence of these factors on academic outcomes, guiding the design of student-centric learning materials and providing a framework for promoting successful academic results through an all-encompassing strategy for student development.