bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Taguchi Technique in Mild Steel Weld Prediction and Optimization
Authors: Iwhiwhu M. K. , Ikpeseni S. C. , Sada S. O.
Published: February 2023

Welding is a key joining operation in many production and manufacturing industries, and it requires a scientific approach in obtaining a weld of high quality. This study focuses on the prediction and optimization of the weld parameters of a mild steel plate using Taguchi technique. For experimental examination, a mild steel plate of 10mm thickness, along with input process parameters such as weld current, arc voltage, gas flow rate, and output process parameter such as hardness were studied.  With the statistical tool, ANOVA, further analysis performed to determine the significance of the data obtained shows that for all the responses, a Model F-value of between 64 and 129.85 was obtained, along with a P-value less than 0.05, implying that the model is significant. Furthermore, based on statistical evidence using P-values, all the model terms; welding current, arc voltage and gas flow rate recorded significant contribution to the outcome of the welding experiment, with the weld current having the most significant effect. The optimal result for the responses was obtained 192BHN for the hardness, at a combined process parameters as follows; 200amps, 20v and 20lt/min for the weld current, arc voltage and gas flow rate respectively.
Evaluation of Protective Potential of Aqueous Seed extract of Ripe Fruits of Carica papaya on Cyanide Induced Kidney Damage in Male Wister Rats
Authors: Ottuh P. , Kadiri H. E.
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of aqueous seed extract of ripe Carica papaya fruits on cyanide induced kidney damage in male Wister rats using 24 male rats divided into five groups. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period and serum and kidney were harvested for biochemical and histological analysis following standard procedures. Estimation of kidney function markers such as creatinine and urea and assessment of electrolytes of toxicological relevance; sodium ion, potassium ion, bicarbonate ion and chloride ion were carried out. The study revealed that cyanide stimulated alterations in kidney function makers: urea, creatinine and serum electrolytes. The result indicated that aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya fruits significantly increase Urea, creatinine, Cl-, HCO3-, K+ and Na+ activities in the rats induced with cyanide when compared with the positive control. However, the concentrations were significantly decreased in the treated groups when compared with the groups induced with cyanide. Histological analysis showed cyanide induced structural distortions of the kidney tissues. Treatment with Carica papaya seed extract was able to mitigate these damages. This study indicates that aqueous seed extract of ripe fruits of Carica papaya possesses nephro-protective properties and can be used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning.
Diosmetin alleviates periodontitis by inhibiting oxidative stress and pyroptosis through Nrf2/NF κB/NLRP3 axis
Authors: Cheng Mingxuan , Wang Pu , Wu Di
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic role of diosmetin in periodontitis and its probable mechanism of action.Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce periodontitis in periodontal cells. Cell viability and apoptosis in response to LPS and diosmetin were evaluated using MTT and TUNEL assays. The oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in LPS-induced periodontitis and diosmetin effects in periodontal cells were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the roles of diosmetin in pyroptosis and Nrf2/NF-kappa B/NLRP3 pathway were analyzed by immunoblot assays.Results: Diosmetin increased the viability of LPS-induced periodontal cells (p < 0.01). Diosmetin also alleviated the oxidative stress of periodontal cells (p < 0.01), reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in periodontal cells, and inhibited cell pyroptosis (p < 0.01). Diosmetin also mediated Nrf2/NFkappa B/NLRP3 pathway (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Diosmetin alleviates periodontitis by inhibiting oxidative stress and pyroptosis through Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. However, in vivo studies are required to validate this finding.
Women’s Representation in County Assemblies: A Study on Kenya’s Elected County Assembly Members
Authors: Kwon Kyung Deuk , Otieno Francis Wyckliffe
Published: February 2023

Local governments offer opportunities for diverse groups of women in political participation, as well as their roles as local leaders in ensuring sustainable development. Within the context of gender mainstreaming, this study examined how the backgrounds of women such as social status, pre-elective occupations, age, educational background and religion, contributed to their access to legislative roles within Kenya’s county assemblies. Using the 2013 and 2017 election data, results showed that of the five variables, the religious background of women had the lowest effect on their election and legislative participation. Though there are constitutional and institutional structures put in place to promote women participation in elective politics, there’s still need for enhanced awareness on the legislative and decision-making role of elected women leaders. This study contributes to a comprehensive view of women’s political participation and a narrative shift from national to local decision-making power, which is a critical level of governance.
Joint Production of Public Services in Shrinking Rural Areas in Germany: Results of Exploratory Research
Authors: Friedländer Benjamin , Kersting Norbert
Published: February 2023

The demographic development in most German rural areas raises major questions for the future of public service provision, especially with regard to the performance of different organisational arrangements and their joint action and governance for achieving publicly-desired outcomes. The international literature on collaborative approaches to public service provision is flourishing. However, little attention has been paid to the contribution of public economy and non-state stakeholders to solve these problems. Facing this gap, the exploratory study aims to analyse and discuss the role that civil society, municipally-owned housing companies and public savings banks play in delivering public services and implementing public policies in shrinking rural areas in Germany. By focusing on the scope, drivers, benefits but also limitations of these arrangements, the study helps us in understanding cautious patterns in this field of research and addresses some lessons and perspectives.
Entrepreneurial Activities Performed by Local Governments in Poland – The Context of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Concept
Authors: Mempel-Śnieżyk Anna , Derlukiewicz Niki , Pilewicz Tomasz , Godlewska Małgorzata
Published: February 2023

The paper explores the activities offered by local governments in the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept perspective. This paper aims to determine the role of the local governments’ assistance in the dependencies between institutions supporting entrepreneurship and new enterprises. The activities, such as (i) intentional activities, (ii) favourable conditions for the local entrepreneurial environment, and (iii) the local governments’ relations with local entrepreneurs have been distinguished. To confirm the theoretically assumed three-factor structure, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. In the course of the study, the Spearman’s correlation and structural modelling methods were applied. The results showed the relation between the local governments’ activities and the entrepreneurship indicators at the local level. Additionally, the impact of the institutions supporting entrepreneurship on the number of newly registered entities, with a mediating role of favourable conditions for the local entrepreneurial environment and the local governments’ relations with local entrepreneurs, was presented.
What Contributes to the Formation of Stable Collaborative Water Governance? A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Chinese Cases
Authors: Xin Ge
Published: February 2023

Collaborative governance is a crucial approach to addressing cross-jurisdictional environmental problems. With the ample water resources across China, lack of coordination for water governance however has become a severe barrier to regional development. Taking the largest freshwater lake in east China – Lake Tai as an example and drawing upon intergovernmental collective action theory, issue salience theory, and resource dependence theory, this research explores how the combination of contextual factors and intra-alliance factors contribute to the formation of stable collaborative water governance. Specifically, we applied a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the 32 collaborative water governance cases in Lake Tai basin from the year of 2010 to 2019, and found that the presence of governmental intervention is a necessary condition for shaping collaborative water governance in China, and two configurational pathways represent the issue-oriented model and path-dependence model, which provides possible insights for promoting inter-governmental collaborative governance in the future.
Flypaper Effect in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Mali Siniša , Maličká Lenka
Published: February 2023

The main objective of this study is to examine whether the local self-governments (LSG) in Serbia spend their budget as predicted by the flypaper effect (FPE). The presence of the FPE was estimated using the panel regression applied to the population of 166 Serbian LSGs for the period 2011-2019. Similar to findings in other country-specific empirical studies, the results of regression analysis robustly confirmed the presence of the FPE. The occurrence of the FPE is dependent on the level of LSGs’ development and changes in fiscal policy associated with the recent fiscal consolidation. The results obtained indicate that the allocation policy of unconditional transfers in Serbia is rule-based and allegedly free from political factors. The hypothesis that was examined tried to find out whether the overall presence of the FPE is driven by the fiscal illusion deriving from the institutional context of the Serbian LSG public finance despite transparent system of transfers allocation. To the best our knowledge, this is the first empirical study that examined the FPE in Serbia.
Being an Efficient Smart City in Croatia: The View of Citizens
Authors: Srok Antonija , Jardas Antonić Jelena , Borković Matea
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, many discussions revolve around the topic of smart, technology-based cities. Local self-governments need to consider smart city factors if they want to provide quality services to their citizens and implement policies effectively. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on smart cities, but look at them from a different perspective - from the citizens' point of view. In each of the 25 largest cities in Croatia, we asked citizens to rate their satisfaction with the dimensions of smart cities and rank them in terms of importance. We used the results in the AHP analysis to rank the cities according to their smart city performance from the citizens' perspective. In addition, we use DEA, to study the efficiency of the use of the city budget for projects related to the development of a smart city. While we present the high-ranking Croatian cities as examples of good practices, we also emphasize the efficient use of budgets by the not so high-ranking cities and their realization of investment needs in this area. Our study contributes to the understanding of smart cities from the citizens' perspective and expands the knowledge base on the development of smart cities in Croatia.
Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: Determining the Key Factors for Final Investment Decision
Authors: Grozdić Vanja , Demko-Rihter Jelena
Published: February 2023

Evaluation of investment projects is a crucial part of the investment decision-making process. Although dynamic evaluation techniques are precise and theoretically correct, they can still lead to the wrong investment decision. The main goal of this study was to identify the key drivers of investment projects’ profitability from the point of view of the company, municipality and society. Data on 26 investment projects were gathered and analyzed. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the net present value, when compared to the internal rate of return and discounted payback period, represents the key indicator of the profitability of investment projects. Also, PCA showed that the total sales and total costs, when compared to the initial investment and discount rate, represent the key factors that affect the profitability of investment projects. Regression analysis (OLS) confirmed these results since the total sales and total costs have the highest and statistically significant effect on the net present value of investment projects.
Democratic Governance and Public Funding Strategies: Does Citizen Participation Impact Revenue Diversification?
Authors: Park Ji Hyung
Published: February 2023

Citizens can either support or resist new tax and/or nontax policies for revenue-raising in the budgetary process. The relationship between citizens’ role and revenue diversification is an important but under-researched topic. Therefore, to fill this gap in the existing knowledge, this study aims to explore the relationship between citizen participation and revenue diversification. Using the 2012 ICMA data paired with multiple data sources, this exploration offered empirical evidence that citizen participation has significant positive effects on the levels of tax and nontax revenue diversification. Further, the results confirm that local governments with a commitment to citizen participation are more likely to diversify their revenue structures.
Public Services: Forced Digitalization in a Pandemic - The Nuances of Management
Authors: Lin Zhiyang , Tarasova Olga , Lomakina Oksana , Li Olga , Gribkova Irina
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to assess the digital transformation quantitatively and qualitatively in the management of public services against the background of the pandemic. The E-Government Development Index (EGDI) analog for evaluating the effectiveness of digital public services was developed. Qualitative and quantitative changes in digital transformation in the management of public services on the background of the pandemic were determined. It was found that no more extensive range of non-mandatory actions aimed at improving the client-oriented nature of public services and communication is observed in the innovative regions of the Russian Federation. It is established that the main transformations are qualitative, as the trend of increasing digitalization of public services was observed even before the pandemic, but during the pandemic the requirements for the expansion of such services, their efficiency, "customer centricity", and communication both within the organization and with users have increased.
Komentarze do wystawy Wisła królowa polskich rzek w Muzeum Narodowym w Krakowie
Authors: Niedźwiedź Jakub
Published: February 2023

Some Remarks on the Exhibition The Vistula River: The Queen of the Polish Rivers in the National Museum in Cracow

In this paper, the author shares some comments on the exhibition Wisła królowa pol­ skich rzek (The Vistula River: The Queen of the Polish Rivers) organized in the National Museum in Cracow (29.03.2022–4.09.2022). The curator Iwona Długopolska gathered maps, atlases, engravings and literary works from the 16th–mid 19th centuries from the collection of the National Museum. All of them deal with the Vistula River. The author focuses on the cultural dimensions of the representations of the river. At the beginning of the paper, there are remarks about the physiology of viewing. The author stresses the fact that exhibitions can be a way of carrying out historical research. In the next parts, he puts forth a classification of the interpretations of the river as a cultural phenomenon into four major groups, i.e. the economy, the war, the city and the expressions of the Polish national identity. He also links literary works by Polish authors with the visual representations of the Vistula.
Wonders and Healings at the Crossroads of Manichaeism, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism in Eastern Iran and Central Asia
Authors: Piras Andrea
Published: February 2023

The early Sasanian period witnessed a variety of religious beliefs in competition. The clash between Kirdīr and Mani represents just an episode of the triumph the Mazdean church over Manichaeism, as well as over the other religious formations listed in Kirdīr’s inscriptions. Persian Zoroastrianism constituted a stronghold of power and religious hegemony at the heart of the Sasanian Empire. Yet, the peripheral Zoroastrianism of Eastern Iran and Central Asia featured aspects of regional Mazdeism, such as a wide variety of interactions between the Iranian and Indian cultures, and overt religious exchanges with Manichaeism, Buddhism and Islam. This article first examines the connotations of the word indicating ‘wonder’ and ‘miracle’ (Middle Persian *warz*, Parthian *warž*), and explores its thematic correspondences both within the shared Iranian language heritage (Avestan, Pahlavi, Middle Persian, Sogdian) and religious contexts (Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Buddhism). Its second aim is to extend this investigation into different Central Asian contexts of Sogdian Buddhism, taking into account specific Buddhist features. A close textual analysis finds that the interest in miracles is connected to healing. Thus, in the religious literature under analysis, miracles represent the medium of persuasion and conversion *par excellence*, but are also regarded as medical means to cure and save those in need, often through redeeming knowledge. The connections between medical healing and spiritual wisdom were generally associated with important religious personalities of the larger Indo-Mediterranean area, such as Buddha, Jesus and Mani, and with their messages of redemption. This article advances that ‘wonders’ and ‘healings’ represented efficacious notions employed to meet both primary needs of solace against suffering and angst and ardent searches for salvation. The article also highlights the link between the above binomial relation of wonders/healing and the political role of prophetical leaders, allegedly endowed with supernatural powers. As a case-study of this perspective, the article reviews the ideological and social developments of revolts, such as the Khurramiya movements in Islamic times, which exploited precisely this cultural baggage of practices of amazement and trickery for their own messianic propaganda.
Rice Marketing Strategy in Increasing Sales to Rice Factory Group (Poktan) Parung Kembang, Jasinga District, Bogor District
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Hadi Prasetyo , Kresna Iwan ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, S.Manggabarani Alfatih ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Afrianto Jaka ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine what marketing strategies are approprite to be applied in increasing sales at the Poktan Parung Kembang rice factory. In this study, the type of research used is descriptive qualitative based on the results of the IFAS and EFAS SWOT analysis, using data collection techniques through interviews, observation, questionnaires and documentation. Researchers conducted interviews directly in the field with three resource persons or informants. The results obtained from this study are; Currently, the Poktan Parung Kembang rice factory produces three types of rice products with varied prices and packaging, which is the focus of the marketing strategy of the Poktan Parung Kembang rice factory in increasing product sales by implementing the 4P strategy, namely product strategy, price strategy, place/distribution strategy, and promotion strategy. However, the main 2 focus of the Poktan Parung Kembang rice factory in carrying out its marketing activities is the personal selling method to consumers, especially to those closest to them, so they have not massively used social media as the main means for promotional activities. Based and results of the SWOT analysis obtained, the Poktan Parung Kembang rice factory is in quadrant one, which supports the implementation of an aggressive strategy.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PENGRAJIN GENTENG PRESS MINI DI DESA PEJATEN KECAMATAN KEDIRI KABUPATEN TABANAN
Authors: RASTANA I DEWA GEDE GEDE
Published: February 2023

The role of the small industry sector for mini press tile crafts in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, is expected to be able to contribute to regional economic growth and the development of the industrial sector, especially the mini press tile industry which can increase the income of the craftsmen, is one of the factors that play a role in absorption labor. The formulation of the problem in this study, whether the amount of production, labor, and working hours have a partial or simultaneous effect on income in the mini press tile craftsman industry, Pejaten Village, Tabanan Regency.The research sample was taken from all populations with the saturated sample method ,because the sampling of the population was carried out as a whole from the existing population as mini press tile entrepreneurs. The number of samples that were determined was the entire population of 35 entrepreneurs spread over several banjars in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis technique.Based on the results of the study, it can be explained that: (1) The amount of production has a real and positive effect on income in the mini press tile industry in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, because the tcount is greater than ttable or 6.789 1.695 and the significance value is smaller. Of 5% or 0.000 0.05. (2) Labor has a real and positive influence on income in the mini press tile industry in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, because the tcount is greater than ttable or 2,095 1,695 and the significance value is less than 5% or 0,044 0,05 . (3) Working hours have a significant and positive effect on the value of income in the mini press tile industry in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, because the tcount is greater than ttable or 2,056 1,695 or the significance is less than 5% or 0,038 0,05 . (4) The amount of production (X1), labor (X2), and working hours (X3) together have a real and positive influence on income in the mini press tile industry in Pejaten Village, Kediri District, this can be seen from the value of the Fratio is greater than the Ftable or 37.453 2.910. Likewise, when viewed from the significance value, which is 0.000, it is smaller than 0.05 (5%) or 0.000 0.05. Based on the results of the analysis of determination, the percentage of the contribution of the influence of the independent variable (amount of production, labor and working hours) on the dependent variable (income) of 78.4%. While the remaining 21.6% is influenced or explained by other variables that are not included in this research model.
Desain Ruang Parahyangan Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berkonsep Ekologi
Authors: Wiriantari Frysa , Rijasa Made Mariada
Published: February 2023

Parahyangan atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan pura merupakan sebuah ruang atau wadah tempat masyarakat Hindu Bali melakukan aktivitas untuk menjalankan sradha bakti kepada Tuhan sebagai pencipta alam semesta. Parahyangan sebagai tempat suci acapkali dilupakan sebagai bagian dari pembangunan berkelanjutan. Saat ini pembangunan masih berorientasi pada fasilitas fasilitas untuk masyarakat skala luas dan mengesampingkan kaum minoritas. Di Bali sendiri keberadaan parahyangan memegang nilai vital dan merupakan jiwa bagi masyarakat Hindu, sehingga keberadaannya patut untuk dilestarikan. Fenomena diataslah yang menjadi dasar diangkatnya penelitian ini, bahwa sangat penting untuk menjaga dan melibatkan tata ruang parahyangan/pura dalam konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan. Ruang lingkup penelitian terbatas pada bentuk, fungsi dan makna dari ruang parahyangan dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode descriptive kualitatif, dengan memfokuskan pencarian data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai pihak yang diyakini mampu mewakili masyarakat untuk memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan yang ada.Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh bahwa Tri Hita Karana sebagai bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam tata ruang dan kehidupan masyarakat Hidu Bali juga tercermin dalam tata ruang parahyangan yakni terdapatnya tiga pembagian ruang berupa Jaba sisi, jaba tengah dan jeroan. Serta adanya bentuk parahyangan yang menyesuaikan dengan orientasi matahari dan sumbu bumi sebagai poros dunia. Bagian tersuci dari parahyangan merupakan arah terbitnya matahari sebagai makna kemakmuran dan juga merupakan tempat tertinggi sebagai makna tempat yang disucikan dan tempat berstananya para Dewa.Sebagai wadah untuk menunjukkan sradha bakti kepada Tuhan sebagai pencipta alam semesta, nilai nilai dan makna simbolik merupakan makna yang paling dirasakan dan diakui oleh masyarakat mengenai keberadaan parahyangan. Penggunaan material dari alam dan keberadaan ruang terbuka akan menciptakan iklim mikro memberikan kenyaman bagi masyarakat yang berada di sekitarnya. Terpenuhinya aspek ekonomi, social dan budaya dalam ruang parahyangan menjadikan ruang skala meso ini sangat layak sebagai bagian dari pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Evaluasi Kinerja Codec Citra Medis Berbasis Wavelat Dan Entropy Coding
Authors: Harianti Ayuni , Oka Widyantara I Made , Ary Esta Dewi Wirastuti Ni Made
Published: February 2023

Salah satu bidang yang memanfaatkan data citra adalah di bidang medis,karena citra medis memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam dunia medis saat ini., biasanya citra medis membutuhkan penyimpanan yang cukup besar pada komputer dan bertujuan untuk melakukan kompresi pada citra medis menggunakan discrete wavelet  transform (DWT) dan entropy coding (Huffman dan Arithmetic). Lima jenis codec yaitu Coiflet, Symlet, Daubechies, Biorthogonla dan Dmeyer digunakan dalam penelitian ini membandingkan PSNR. Penelitian ini menggunakan nilai threshold 5. Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan citra medis yang mewakili jenis citra hasil CT-Scan dan MRI sebagai data testing. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa codec Haar/Daubhecies1, Symlet1 dan Biorthogonal1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam hal kualitas citra (PSNR).
Southern Hemisphere Breeding Stock D humpback whale population estimates from North West Cape, Western Australia
Authors: Kent Chandro Salgado , Jenner Curt , Jenner Micheline , Bouchet Philippe , Rexstad Eric
Published: February 2023

Estimates of the abundance of Breeding Stock D humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are key to the conservation and management of what is thought to be one of the largest populations of the species. Five years (2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 and 2008) of aerial surveys carried out over an eight-year period at North West Cape (Western Australia) using line transect methodology allowed trends in whale numbers to be investigated, and provided a base for comparison with estimates made approximately 400km south at Shark Bay (Western Australia). A total of 3,127 whale detections were made during 74 surveys of the 7,043km2 study area west of NWC. Pod abundance for each flight was computed using a HorvitzThompson like estimator and converted to an absolute measure of abundance after corrections were made for estimated mean cluster size, unsurveyed time, swimming speed and animal availability. Resulting estimates from the migration model of best fit with the most credible assumptions were 7,276 (CI = 4,993–10,167) for 2000, 12,280 (CI = 6,830–49,434) for 2001, 18,692 (CI = 12,980–24,477) for 2006, 20,044 (CI = 13,815–31,646) for 2007, and 26,100 (CI = 20,152–33,272) for 2008. Based on these data, the trend model with the greatest r2 was exponential with an annual increase rate of 13% (CI = 5.6%–18.1%). While this value is above the species’ estimated maximum plausible growth rate of 11.8%, it is reasonably close to previous reports of between 10–12%. The coefficient of variation, however, was too large for a reliable trend estimate. Perception bias was also not accounted for in these calculations. Based on a crude appraisal which yielded an estimated p(0) of 0.783 (from independent observer effort, CV = 0.973), the 2008 humpback population size may be as large as 33,300. In conclusion, the work here provides evidence of an increasing Breeding Stock D population, but further surveys are necessary to confirm whether the population is indeed increasing at its maximum rate.
Observations of killer whales off East Antarctica, 82°-95°E, in 2009
Authors: Olson Paula A. , Ensor Paul , Kuningas Sanna
Published: February 2023

Observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) during a survey off East Antarctica, 82°–95°E revealed previously undescribed variations in pigmentation and group associations. During the survey 24 killer whale groups were sighted south of 60°S and classified, when possible, to Types A, B, or C based on their external morphology. Sufficient observation was available for nine groups to be classified: 2 groups of Type A; 1 mixed group of Type A and Type B; 3 groups of Type C; and 3 groups with eyepatch pigmentation intermediate in size between Types B and C. These whales may represent an intergrade between Types B and C or a previously unrecognised form. One of the ‘intermediate’ groups was observed feeding in a multi-species aggregation with other cetaceans in deep water. Clearly distinguishable Type A and Type B whales were observed feeding together in a mixed aggregation, the first time that this has been documented.
An investigation of acoustic deterrent devices to reduce cetacean bycatch in an inshore set net fishery
Authors: Hardy Tom , Williams Ruth , Caslake Richard , Tregenza Nick
Published: February 2023

In Europe, problems with the use of pingers on larger fishing vessels have raised the question as to whether pingers would be practical on smaller vessels, which are a large proportion of the European static net fishing fleet. In this study, four netting vessels less than 10m long used AQUAmark pingers on part of their nets off the southwest coast of Britain over a 12 month period. Boat skippers recorded ease of use. Acoustic click detectors were deployed on test and control nets to assess the response of cetaceans to the pingers. No significant practical problems, apart from premature failure of pingers, were encountered. During the study, only one harbour porpoise was bycaught, in an unpingered net. In 650 days of acoustic data from pingered and non-pingered nets, matched by location, date and boat, there was a highly significant reduction in the number of porpoise clicks recorded at nets with pingers to 48% of the number predicted from the number recorded at control nets (range 35–51%). To assess habituation, single, modified pingers that were active for alternate seven hour periods were moored below a click detector at two sites, one of which has strong tides and high levels of associated ambient noise. This study showed a stronger pinger effect at the quiet site and a much reduced effect at the noisy site. There was evidence of a period of exclusion of porpoises following pinger use that could exceed seven hours, and no evidence of habituation. Results suggest that pingers are practical on small vessels, that they reduce harbour porpoise activity around nets and are therefore likely to reduce bycatch. Easier means of detecting pinger failure are needed. Pingers should be considered as a bycatch mitigation method in small vessel fisheries using bottom set nets.
Whale catches from 19th century shore stations in Western Australia
Authors: Gibbs Martin
Published: February 2023

This paper presents historical data from 19th century shore whaling stations along the Western Australian coast, complementing data already presented in an earlier 1985 analysis. In particular, catch records of the Castle Rock whaling station, Geographe Bay, Western Australia, for the period 1846–53 together with other contemporary records indicate that humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) comprised the majority of the colonial shore whalers’ catch. It is suggested that this could have been a result of a significant presence of American whale ships in the region in the early 1840s, which had presumably already reduced southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) numbers by the time these detailed colonial records were kept.
Hubungan Pola Kerja Gilir (2 Shift dan 3 Shift) dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Perawat di Dua Rumah Sakit Militer Jakarta (Suatu Studi Menggunakan Kuesioner PSQI)
Authors: Nugroho Andriarto , Sulistomo Astrid , Roestam Ambar W
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Perawat rumah sakit memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan kualitas tidur. Sebuah penelitian pada tahun 2012 di Salatiga dan Semarang menemukan 52,6% perawat mengalami gangguan kualitas tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola kerja gilir dengan kualitas tidur dan prevalensi kejadian gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat di dua rumah sakit militer di Jakarta.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan comparative cross sectional melibatkan 183 perawat di dua rumah sakit militer yaitu 83 perawat dari rumah sakit yang menerapkan pola 2 kerja gilir perhari dan 100 perawat dari rumah sakit yang menerapkan pola 3 kerja gilir perhari. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik faktor pekerja dan pekerjaan. Penilaian kualitas tidur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index yang telah divalidasi.

Hasil: Prevalensi gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat secara keseluruhan adalah 52,5%. Pada kelompok dengan 2 kerja gilir perhari didapat prevalensi gangguan tidur adalah 63,9% dan pada kelompok 3 kerja gilir perhari didapat prevalensi 43%. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pola kerja gilir dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian: 3,09 (IK95%1,44 - 6,62). Status pernikahan menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian= 5,58 (IK95%2,08 – 14,93). Masa kerja juga menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian= 3,78 (IK95% 1,73 – 8,23).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pola kerja gilir dengan gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat di dua rumah sakit militer di Jakarta. Faktor lain yang berhubungan adalah status pernikahan serta masa kerja. Saran bagi manajemen rumah sakit yakni merubah pola kerja gilir menjadi 3 kerja gilir perhari. Edukasi berupa penyuluhan tentang kerja sehat dan sleep hygiene serta menyediakan ruangan khusus yang nyaman untuk perawat di setiap ruang perawatan untuk melepas lelah pada saat dinas.
Gambaran Klinis dan Proporsi Hipotiroidisme Sekunder pada Pasien Adenoma Hipofisis di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Cahyanur Rahmat , Soewondo Pradana , Darmowidjojo Budiman , Aman Renindra Ananda , Dewiasty Esthika
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Adenoma hipofisis merupakan tumor yang berasal dari jaringan hipofisis anterior. Manifestasi klinis timbul akibat pendesakan massa dan gangguan sekresi hormon. Salah satu gangguan hormonal yang ditimbulkan adalah hipotiroidisme sekunder. Hipotiroidisme sekunder terkait dengan penurunan kualitas hidup serta peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular.

Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi hipotiroidisme sekunder dan gambaran klinis pasien adenoma hipofisis.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo antara tahun 2007-2012. Data demografis (usia, jenis kelamin), karakteristik klinis, jenis adenoma, data radiologis, pemeriksaan hormon (T4 bebas dan TSH) dievaluasi pada peneltian ini.

Hasil: Terdapat 45 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian ini. Sebagian besar subyek adalah wanita (62,2%). Keluhan utama subyek adalah gangguan penglihatan (55,6%). Gejala yang sering ditemukan adalah sakit kepala (86,7%), gangguan penglihatan (77,8%). Pada subyek wanita manifestasi yang pertama kali muncul adalah gangguan penglihatan dan gangguan fungsi seksual (39,3% dan 32,1%). Pada Usia muda, gejala pertama kali muncul lebih pada kelompok adenoma fungsional dibandingkan non fungsional (32,9 vs. 40,6). Hampir seluruh kasus yang ditemukan adalah makroadenoma (97,8%). Proporsi subyek yang mengalami hipotiroidisme sekunder adalah 40%. Subyek dengan hipotiroidisme sekunder lebih banyak mengeluhkan gangguan penglihatan dan gangguan ereksi.

Kesimpulan: Gangguan penglihatan adalah keluhan utama yang sering ditemukan. Pada subyek wanita, keluhan gangguan fungsi seksual bersama dengan gangguan penglihatan adalah manifestasi yang pertama kali muncul. Proporsi hipotiroidisme sekunder pada penelitian ini adalah 40,0%. Subyek dengan hipotiroidisme sekunder lebih banyak mengeluhkan gangguan penglihatan, gangguan ereksi.
Six Minute Walking Distance Cut-off Point in Indonesian (Mongoloid) Population
Authors: Nusdwinuringtyas Nury
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Six-minute walk test has been a recommended valid and reliable tool used for functional capacity assessment. American Thoracic Society (ATS) had stated that there are no global standards in interpreting 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) as a one-time measurement of functional assessment, which may be caused by population differences and various 6MWT technique utilized in previous studies. Single time cut off is required to evaluate functional status at the start of a program as a baseline for further follow-up evaluations. It is then a necessity to determine these cut off points in every country/race.

Methods: The study was performed on healthy subjects, sedentary lifestyle, age 18-50, Indonesian ethnicity (Mongoloid race). Recorded data were 6 minute walking distance,also body height and weight. Predicted walking distance based on gender is obtained by calculating walk distance, body weight, body height, gender and subject age in Nury’s predicted walk distance formula. Data is analysed with SPSS 20, utilizing independent T-test.

Results: As much as 123 subjects (58 males, 65 females) were included in this study. Mean walking distance for males is 581,98 meters, while females are 516,80 meters, and these differences were statistically significant. Walking distance cut off point between gender were compared. In male subjects, actual walking distance were taken as normalif >483 meters, poor if 434-483 meters, and very poor <434 meters. As for female subjects, normal when >442 meters, poor when 405-442 meters, and very poor in distance <405 meters. General percentage cut off point in comparison to predicted walking distance was categorized into normal, poor and very poor subgroups. Normal percentage was >85%, poor when distance is 77-85%, and <77% categorized as very poor.

Conclusion: There are varying cut off points for walking distance in both males and females. Percentage cut off point as compared to predicted walking distance were not differentiated between genders.
Description of Thoracic Expansion and Mobility Capacity in Covid-19 Patient in Isolation Ward
Authors: Suharti Amien , Hidayati Evi Rachmawati Nurul , Yusviani Hafizia Asri , Adha Zuliza
Published: February 2023

Introduction. COVID-19 patient not only experienced respiratory manifestation, but they also generate generalized muscle weakness. This manifestation results in deterioration of physical capacity. Methods. This cross-sectional study identified the characters of COVID-19 patient based on their age, gender, severity of disease and whether they have comorbidities or not. This study also described the functional capacity using a modified 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (m30STS) and chest expansion measured at three levels (axillary, nipple, and xiphisternum). Result. M30STS was one of reliable measure that used for physical or functional capacity. Chest wall expansion determines lung volume and functional capacity as well. Eighty-five subjects in isolation ward were enrolled. This study shows there is reduction of functional capacity in COVID-19 patients. Majority of subjects tend to reached lower number of repetitions in m30STS or about 10.37 times in average. Clonclusion. The thoracic expansion was reduced below normal range in all subjects.
Constant Malaria Transmission From Migrating Humans Residing In Low Endemic Areas
Authors: Malasari Risma , Rahma Nur , Rustam Sri Nur Rahmi Nur , Sjahril Rizalinda , Wahid Isra
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Malaria is an infectious disease that continues to be a public health issue worldwide, including in Indonesia. This study aims to detect the presence of Plasmodium parasites among immigrants from malaria endemic areas. Method: The research was conducted from September until November 2019 in three regency/cities in South Sulawesi, namely Makassar City, Tana Toraja and North Toraja. The population in this study were immigrants from malaria endemic areas (native Papua and non-Papua) who lived in the area for at least 2 years before visiting the cities of Makassar, Tana Toraja, or North Toraja. All samples were examined for malaria parasites using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: The results of the PCR test on 256 samples of migrants (native Papuan and non-Papuan) detected 19.53% positive for malaria. This research showed that a high prevalence of malaria parasites was found among asymptomatic immigrants, both native Papuans and non-Papuans in South Sulawesi. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the asymptomatic immigrants from endemic areas such as Papua need to be screened early because they may still have malaria parasites in their blood and become carriers, leading potential to cause local transmission.
Clinical and Graft Survival Characteristics of Optical Penetrating Keratoplasty at a Tertiary Care Center in Indonesia: A 4-Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Widyawati Syska , Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono D. , Nora Rina La Distia , Harniza Yulika , Samira Cut Putri , Alberta Ivana Beatrice
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Purpose, to evaluate patient demographic characteristics, indications and variables related to penetrating keratoplasty (PK) survival. Study design, this study was retrospective case series.

Methods: We trace all medical records of PK patients from 2015 to 2018 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. The traced variables were indications of surgery, corneal vascularization, previous failed graft, glaucoma after PK, and other complication. PK survival rate is shown in the Kaplan Meier curve using SPSS v20.0.

Results: A total of 214 patients underwent PK (men 67.3%, woman 32,7%) with mean age of 42.11 (0-85) years were included in this study. Three most common indications of keratoplasty were corneal scar (32.7%), infectious corneal ulcer (25.5%), and failed graft (19.2%). The overall graft survival rate for PK is 61.7%. The mean graft survival time was 14.388 ± 0.580 months (95% CI; 13.252-15.524).

Conclusion: The graft survival rate for penetrating optic keratoplasty was 61.7%. Establishing an appropriate early diagnosis, reasonable surgical procedures, close monitoring, and early detection of complications with proactive interventions lead to better outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between the risk factors for corneal graft failure.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Newly Diagnosed COVID-19 Patient with Insomnia due to Adjustment Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Surya Michael , Purnama Dharmawan Ardi
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 patients are reported suffering from anxiety, depression, and stress which culminates in the form of insomnia, and becomes a typical comorbid in hospitalized patients. Sedative-hypnotic drugs usually used to treat insomnia may not provide a viable solution as it has inhibitory effects on the respiratory system. Previous research suggested that one-week Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved sleep latency, night sleep time, and sleep efficiency of COVID-19 patients with insomnia.

Case: A case of 53-year-old female patient with moderate symptoms of COVID-19 suffered from sleeping problems was diagnosed with insomnia due to adjustment disorder. She was given medication for three days and was scheduled for one hour of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention everyday. CBT intervention also included scheduling a regular daily activity and sleep hygiene programme.

Result: There was no improvement from medication administered to help in relieving the insomnia symptoms. However, the patient was more able to sleep well on the sixth day of treatment, after five daily sessions of CBT, which was three days after stopping the medication.

Conclusion: These results confirmed the effectiveness of daily CBT in improving the patient’s sleep quality and efficiency after one week, as suggested by previous studies.
Dự tính sức kháng cắt cho dầm btct theo mô hình trường nén cải tiến đơn giản hóa (SMCFT) trong Tiêu chuẩn TCVN 11823-2017
Authors: Bùi Thanh Tùng , Lê Phạm Tiến
Published: February 2023

Trong dự tính sức kháng cắt cho các dầm bê tông cốt thép (BTCT), mô hình trường nén cải tiến đơn giản hóa (Simplified Modified Compression Field Theory-SMCFT) đã được đưa vào áp dụng trong nhiều tiêu chuẩn về kết cấu bê tông trên thế giới. Ở tiêu chuẩn thiết kế cầu đường bộ TCVN 11823-2017, mô hình SMCFT còn được biết đến với tên gọi là phương pháp tổng quát (a). Trên cơ sở tham khảo các tài liệu liên quan, bài báo trình bày về mô hình SMCFT trong tiêu chuẩn TCVN 11823-2017 của Việt Nam, đồng thời những sai sót trong việc biên soạn tiêu chuẩn cho cách tiếp cận ước tính sức kháng cắt theo phương pháp này cũng được chỉ ra. Các tính toán dự tính sức kháng cắt cho dầm BTCT theo mô hình này cũng được trình bày và so sánh với các kết quả thực nghiệm được tham khảo từ một số tài liệu về cắt. Qua đó cho thấy sự hiệu quả và sự tiện dụng của phương pháp này trong dự tính sức kháng cắt cho dầm BTCT cũng như sự cần thiết phải bổ sung, đính chính để tiêu chuẩn TCVN 11823-2017 có được độ tin cậy trong khi sử dụng cho những tính toán, thiết kế kết cấu của các công trình cầu về mặt kháng cắt ở Việt Nam
Chế tạo và thử nghiệm thiết bị đo biến dạng phục vụ hoạt động giảng dạy và nghiên cứu
Authors: Lê Mạnh Tuấn , Võ Xuân Lý
Published: February 2023

Thiết bị đo biến dạng độ chính xác cao đóng vai trò quan trọng trong kỹ thuật, đặc biệt trong lĩnh vực công nghiệp và giao thông vận tải. Tuy nhiên, các thiết bị trong nước đều là nhập khẩu với giá thành cao và phần mềm đi kèm chỉ hỗ trợ xuất kết quả thô của phép đo dẫn đến khó khăn trong việc xử lý hậu kỳ các nghiên cứu có dùng phép đo biến dạng. Ngoài ra, trong phép đo biến dạng trong quan trắc công trình, việc sử dụng dây dẫn dài là một thách thức lớn đối với độ chính xác của thiết bị. Trong bài báo này, giải pháp thiết kế chế tạo thiết bị đo độ biến dạng với độ chính xác lên tới ± 0,2% dựa trên cảm biến Strain Gauge được trình bày. Thiết bị bao gồm mạch chế biến tín hiệu giao tiếp với cảm biến kết nối với bộ xử lý và truyền thông và phần mềm trên máy tính hiển thị và ghi kết quả đo. Kết quả đo được kiểm chứng với máy đo biến dạng DRA-30A, cho thấy thiết bị chế tạo có độ chính xác là tương đương