bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensified bioleaching of a spent Co–Mo catalyst through the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and its mechanism exploration
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Chen Xiaohui , Teng Shuya , Shi Gongchu , Cheng Jian , Zhang Ning , Shao Qingxuan , Cui Yanchao , Wang Jia , Xin Baoping
Published: June 2024

In the bioleaching process of a spent Co–Mo catalyst, the leaching rate of Co and Mo can be increased by adding an appropriate amount of EPS.
In situ hydrolysis of a carbophosphazene ligand leads to one-dimensional lanthanide coordination polymers. Synthesis, structure and dynamic magnetic studies
Authors: Ahmed Naushad , Sahu Prem Prakash , Chakraborty Amit , Flores Gonzalez Jessica , Ali Junaid , Kalita Pankaj , Pointillart Fabrice , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: June 2024

One-dimensional LnIII coordination polymers were obtained by the in situ P–Cl hydrolysis of a carbophosphazene.
[Ag(IPr)(bpy)][PF6]: brightness and darkness playing with aggregation induced phosphorescence for light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Giobbio Ginevra , Coto Pedro B. , Lohier Jean-François , Renaud Jean-Luc , Gaillard Sylvain , Costa Rubén D.
Published: June 2024

This work continues attempts to understand the aggregation dilemma, key to design Ag(i)-based complexes that result in phosphorescent powders but dark thin-films, providing remarkable electrochemical stability in lighting devices.
PbV2O6 under compression: near zero-linear compressibility and pressure-induced change in vanadium coordination
Authors: Sánchez Martín Josu , Pellicer-Porres Julio , Turnbull Robin , Díaz-Anichtchenko Daniel , Anzellini Simone , Liang Akun , Popescu Catalin , Bettinelli Marco , Rodríguez-Hernández Plácida , Muñoz Alfonso , Errandonea Daniel
Published: June 2024

PbV2O6 was studied up to 20 GPa by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and DFT simulations. We found zero-linear compressibility behavior on the b-axis and an increase in the bonding order from VO5 to VO6 without phase transition.
Electrochemical kinetic fingerprinting of single-molecule coordinations in confined nanopores
Authors: Yang Chao-Nan , Liu Wei , Liu Hao-Tian , Zhang Ji-Chang , Long Yi-Tao , Ying Yi-Lun
Published: June 2024

K238H-AeL nanopores with histidine sites were designed as single-molecule reactors for the measurement of single-molecule coordination reactions.
Reconstitution of human tissue barrier function for precision and personalized medicine
Authors: Kim Jaehoon , Yoon Taehee , Lee Sungryeong , Kim Paul J. , Kim YongTae
Published: June 2024

This review highlights key design parameters for developing functional tissue barrier chips, explores recent advancements in the field, and discusses future perspectives on using these chips to realize personalized medicine.
Two-photon microscopy of acoustofluidic trapping for highly sensitive cell analysis
Authors: Kellerer Thomas , Sailer Bettina , Byers Patrick , Barnkob Rune , Hayden Oliver , Hellerer Thomas
Published: June 2024

Two-photon microscopy and acoustofluidics for 3D cell study close to living conditions, precise imaging, and real-time osmosis monitoring.
Investigation of the influence of substituents on the dielectric properties of polyethylene derivatives
Authors: Zhong Bing , Zhang Yin , You Wei , Wang Yu
Published: June 2024

A variety of PE derivatives containing different substituents can be prepared by Mitsunobu post-functionalization, which can effectively improve the dielectric properties and enhance the dielectric breakdown strength of the PE matrix.
Versatile ionic liquid gels formed by dynamic covalent bonding and microphase separated structures
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Zhao Xin , Song Xing , Peng Dejun , Ren Shixue , Ren Junxue , Ma Yanli , Li Shujun
Published: June 2024

The use of rutin, which combines rigid quercetin-based structural units with flexible glycoside-based structural units, as a crosslinking agent provides a new method for improving the toughness of soft materials.
Biomimetic laser-induced graphene fern leaf and enzymatic biosensor for pesticide spray collection and monitoring
Authors: Jared Nathan M. , Johnson Zachary T. , Pola Cicero C. , Bez Kristi K. , Bez Krishangee , Hooe Shelby L. , Breger Joyce C. , Smith Emily A. , Medintz Igor L. , Neihart Nathan M. , Claussen Jonathan C.
Published: June 2024

Monitoring of pesticide concentration distribution across farm fields is crucial to ensure precise and efficient application while preventing overuse or untreated areas.
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived compounds using sub-nanometer cobalt catalysts
Authors: Cruz-González Miguel , Huerta Lázaro , Ortiz-Cervantes Carmen
Published: June 2024

In the quest for sustainable lignin valorization, the development of efficient catalytic systems for hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived compounds remains a pivotal focus.
Strain and defect-engineering on the basal plane of ultra-large MoS2 monolayers attached onto stretchable gold electrodes
Authors: Hasimoto Leonardo H. , de Araujo Ana B. S. , de Lourenço Cláudia , Merces Leandro , Candioto Graziâni , Leite Edson R. , Capaz Rodrigo B. , Santhiago Murilo
Published: June 2024

Stretching the performance of ultra-large MoS2 monolayers for electrochemical hydrogen generation – flexible and stretchable gold electrodes were fabricated to tune the reactivity of MoS2 monolayers.
Achieving a high-quality active film through surface passivation to enhance the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Ming , Dai Zhonghua , Yan Nan , Cao Yang , Yuan Yin , Zhang Jiafan , Qi Danyang , Meng Lanxiang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Feng Jiangshan
Published: June 2024

A surface passivation strategy using CTPC molecules is proposed to enhance the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells to 24.63%.
Employing a similar acceptor material as the third component to enhance the performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Kun , Bai Haolei , Zhang Cheng , Sun Chunxiao , Sang Shuyang , Li Yuechen , Chen Zekun , Hu Jia’nan , Li Xiaojun , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang
Published: June 2024

By introducing a guest acceptor, which possesses a similar structure to the host acceptor, as a third component into the active layer, the device achieves an improved PCE of 16.63%. This improvement can be attributed to the good compatibility between Y-TNF and Y-TN.
Meta‐analysis and systematic review for anomaly network intrusion detection systems: Detection methods, dataset, validation methodology, and challenges
Authors: Maseer Ziadoon K. , Kadhim Qusay Kanaan , Al‐Bander Baidaa , Yusof Robiah , Saif Abdu
Published: June 2024

Intrusion detection systems built on artificial intelligence (AI) are presented as latent mechanisms for actively detecting fresh attacks over a complex network. The authors used a qualitative method for analysing and evaluating the performance of network intrusion detection system (NIDS) in a systematic way. However, their approach has limitations as it only identifies gaps by analysing and summarising data comparisons without considering quantitative measurements of NIDS's performance. The authors provide a detailed discussion of various deep learning (DL) methods and explain data intrusion networks based on an infrastructure of networks and attack types. The authors’ main contribution is a systematic review that utilises meta‐analysis to provide an in‐depth analysis of DL and traditional machine learning (ML) in notable recent works. The authors assess validation methodologies and clarify recent trends related to dataset intrusion, detected attacks, and classification tasks to improve traditional ML and DL in NIDS‐based publications. Finally, challenges and future developments are discussed to pose new risks and complexities for network security.
Energy estimation of small-scale jets from the quiet-Sun region
Authors: Shi Fanpeng , Li Dong , Ning Zongjun , Xu Jun , Song Yuxiang , Yang Yuzhi
Published: June 2024

Context. Solar jets play a role in coronal heating and the supply of solar wind.

Aims. In this study, we calculate the energies of 23 small-scale jets emerging from a quiet-Sun region in order to investigate their contributions to coronal heating.

Methods. We used data from the High-Resolution Imager (HRI) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter. Small-scale jets were observed by the HRIEUV 174 Å passband in the high cadence of 6 s. These events were identified by the time–distance stacks along the trajectories of jets. Using the simultaneous observation from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we also performed a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis on these small-scale jets to obtain the physical parameters of plasma, which enabled us to estimate the kinetic and thermal energies of the jets.

Results. We find that most of the jets exhibit common unidirectional or bidirectional motions, while some show more complex behaviors; namely, a mixture of unidirection and bidirection. A majority of jets also present repeated eruption blobs (plasmoids), which may be signatures of the quasi-periodic magnetic reconnection that has been observed in solar flares. The inverted Y-shaped structure can be recognized in several jets. These small-scale jets typically have a width of ∼0.3 Mm, a temperature of ∼1.7 MK, an electron number density of ≳109 cm−3, with speeds in a wide range from ∼20–170 km s−1. Most of these jets have an energy of 1023–1024 erg, which is marginally smaller than the energy of typical nanoflares. The thermal energy fluxes of 23 jets are estimated to be (0.74–2.96)×105 erg cm−2 s−1, which is almost on the same order of magnitude as the energy flow required to heat the quiet-Sun corona, although the kinetic energy fluxes vary over a wide range because of their strong dependence on velocity. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of thermal energy and kinetic energy both follow the power-law distribution N(E)∝E−α.

Conclusions. Our observations suggest that although these jets cannot provide sufficient energy to heat the whole quiet-Sun coronal region, they are likely to account for a significant portion of the energy demand in the local regions where the jets occur.
Jet formation in post-AGB binaries
Authors: De Prins T. , Van Winckel H. , Ferreira J. , Verhamme O. , Kamath D. , Zimniak N. , Jacquemin-Ide J.
Published: June 2024

Context. Jets are launched from many classes of astrophysical objects, including post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binaries with a circumbinary disc. Despite dozens of detections, the formation of these post-AGB binary jets and their connection to the inter-component interactions in their host systems remains poorly understood.

Aims. Building upon the previous paper in this series, we consider cold self-similar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disc wind solutions to describe jets that are launched from the circumcompanion accretion discs in post-AGB binaries. Resulting predictions are matched to observations. This both tests the physical validity of the MHD disc wind paradigm and reveals the accretion disc properties.

Methods. Five MHD solutions are used as input to synthesise spectral time-series of the Hα line for five different post-AGB binaries. A fitting routine over the remaining model parameters is developed to find the disc wind models that best fit the observed time-series.

Results. Many of the time-series’ properties are reproduced well by the models, though systematic mismatches, such as overestimated rotation, remain. Four targets imply accretion discs that reach close to the secondary’s stellar surface, while one is fitted with an unrealistically large inner radius at ≳20 stellar radii. Some fits imply inner disc temperatures over 10 000 K, seemingly discrepant with a previous observational estimate from H band interferometry. This estimate is, however, shown to be biased. Fitted mass-accretion rates range from ∼10−6 − 10−3 M⊙/yr. Relative to the jets launched from young stellar objects (YSOs), all targets prefer winds with higher ejection efficiencies, lower magnetizations and thicker discs.

Conclusions. Our models show that current cold MHD disc wind solutions can explain many of the jet-related Hα features seen in post-AGB binaries, though systematic discrepancies remain. This includes, but is not limited to, overestimated rotation and underestimated post-AGB circumbinary disc lifetimes. The consideration of thicker discs and the inclusion of irradiation from the post-AGB primary, leading to warm magnetothermal wind launching, might alleviate these.
Planet-driven spirals in protoplanetary discs: Limitations of the semi-analytical theory for observations
Authors: Fasano D. , Winter A. J. , Benisty M. , Rosotti G. , Ruzza A. , Lodato G. , Toci C. , Hilder T. , Izquierdo A. , Price D.
Published: June 2024

Context.Detecting protoplanets during their formation stage is an important but elusive goal of modern astronomy. Kinematic detections via the spiral wakes in the gaseous disc are a promising avenue to achieve this goal.

Aims.We aim to test the applicability of a commonly used semi-analytical model for planet-induced spiral waves to observations in the low and intermediate planet mass regimes. In contrast to previous works that proposed using the semi-analytical model to interpret observations, in this study we analyse for the first time both the structure of the velocity and density perturbations.Methods.We ran a set of FARGO3D hydrodynamic simulations and compared them with the output of the semi-analytic model in the codeWAKEFLOW. We divided the disc into two regions. We used the density and velocity fields from the simulation in the linear region, where density waves are excited. In the non-linear region, where density waves propagate through the disc, we then solved Burgers’ equation to obtain the density field, from which we computed the velocity field.

Results.We find that the velocity field derived from the analytic theory is discontinuous at the interface between the linear and nonlinear regions. After ~0.2rpfrom the planet, the behaviour of the velocity field closely follows that of the density perturbations. In the low mass limit, the analytical model is in qualitative agreement with the simulations, although it underestimates the azimuthal width and the amplitude of the perturbations, predicting a stronger decay but a slower azimuthal advance of the shock fronts. In the intermediate regime, the discrepancy increases, resulting in a different pitch angle between the spirals of the simulations and the analytic model.

Conclusions.The implementation of a fitting procedure based on the minimisation of intensity residuals is bound to fail due to the deviation in pitch angle between the analytic model and the simulations. In order to apply this model to observations, it needs to be revisited so that it can also account for higher planet masses.
Hubble Space Telescope proper motions of Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters
Authors: Niederhofer F. , Bellini A. , Kozhurina-Platais V. , Libralato M. , Häberle M. , Kacharov N. , Kamann S. , Bastian N. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Cioni M.-R. L. , Dresbach F. , Martocchia S. , Massari D. , Saracino S.
Published: June 2024

We present proper motion (PM) measurements for a sample of 23 massive star clusters within the Large Magellanic Cloud using multi-epoch data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We combined archival data from the ACS/WFC and WFC3/UVIS instruments with observations from a dedicated HST programme, resulting in time baselines between 4.7 and 18.2 yr available for PM determinations. For bright well-measured stars, we achieved nominal PM precisions of 55 μas yr−1 down to 11 μas yr−1. To demonstrate the potential and limitations of our PM data set, we analysed the cluster NGC 1850 and showcase a selection of different science applications. The precision of the PM measurements allows us to disentangle the kinematics of the various stellar populations that are present in the HST field. The cluster has a centre-of-mass motion that is different from the surrounding old field stars and also differs from the mean motion of a close-by group of very young stars. We determined the velocity dispersion of field stars to be 0.128 ± 0.003 mas yr−1 (corresponding to 30.3 ± 0.7 km s−1). The velocity dispersion of the cluster inferred from the PM data set most probably overestimates the true value, suggesting that the precision of the measurements at this stage is not sufficient for a reliable analysis of the internal kinematics of extra-galactic star clusters. Finally, we exploit the PM-cleaned catalogue of likely cluster members to determine any radial segregation between fast and slowly-rotating stars, finding that the former are more centrally concentrated. With this paper, we also release the astro-photometric catalogues for each cluster.
Is a Biopsy Required to Classify Patients with Idiopathic
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis as IgG4-RPF or Non-IgG4-RPF?
Authors: Misirci Salim , Ekin Ali , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Yagız Burcu , Yılmaz Özgür , Yıldız Abdulmecit , Dalkılıç Ediz , Pehlivan Yavuz
Published: June 2024

Objective Our aim was to group cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal
fibrosis (IRPF) into those associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related
disease (IgG4-RD) (IgG4-RPF) and those not associated with IgG4-RD
(non-IgG4-RPF) and to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory findings,
imaging, and treatment methods.

Methods A total of 46 patients were included in the study. According to
the assessment by two experienced rheumatologists and the IgG4-RPF
classification criteria published by the American College of
Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) in 2019, 11 patients
who were admitted as IgG4-RPF were included in the IgG4-RPF group and 35
patients who were not admitted as IgG4-RPF were included in the non-IgG4-RPF
group. The clinical and demographic characteristics, affected sites, laboratory
results and treatments were retrospectively evaluated and compared.

Results The mean age of our patients was 50.69 (±11.33) in the
non-IgG4-RPF group and 55.36 (±7.80) in the IgG4-RPF group and was similar in
both groups (p=0.340). The male gender dominated in both groups. Although there
was no significant difference between the groups in terms of acute renal failure
(p=0.074), this was more frequent in the IgG4-RPF group (81.82%). An increased
IgG4 concentration was found in about half (n=6, 54.55%) of the patients in the
IgG4-RPF group, while this was present in only 5.71% (n=2) of the patients in
the non-IgG4-RPF group (p=0.001). The most commonly used diagnostic imaging
modality was computed tomography. Biopsy was performed in almost all patients
(n=10, 90.91%) in the IgG4-RPF group and 11 (31.43%) in the non-IgG4-RPF group
(p<0.001). Drug treatment alone and drug treatment in combination with
interventional treatment were the most commonly used treatment modalities in the
non-IgG4-RPF group (n=12, 34.29% for both). In the IgG4-RPF group, the
combination of medical and interventional treatment was the most commonly used
treatment modality (n=5, 45.45%). No significant difference was found between
the two groups in the assessment of treatment success (p>0.05).

Conclusion IRPF can present with similar clinical and imaging findings in
IgG4-RPF and non-IgG4-RPF groups. Since a similar treatment success can be
achieved in both groups with similar therapeutic agents, we believe that a
biopsy is not necessary in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of IRPF.
Highly Regio-/Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbohydrates with Unsaturated Glycosyl Donors under Mild Conditions
Authors: Wang Nengzhong , Huang Nianyu , Yao Hui , Gao Xinyu , Ren Keke , Ma Lijuan
Published: June 2024

Carbohydrates and their conjugates play important roles in life activities and drug development. Our group was committed to the general and effective glycosylation methods and their application in chemical biology using unsaturated glycosyl donors. In the past five years, we have reported several synthetic strategies with high stereoselectivity and milder conditions compared with previous works. In particular, high chemo-/regio- and stereoselective O-glycosylation, C-glycosylation and S-glycosylation could be achieved via palladium catalysis under open-air conditions at room temperature. In this Account, we will introduce our research progress in constructing four types of glycosides.

1 Introduction

2 Stereoselective Synthesis of O-Glycosides

3 Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosides

4 Stereoselective Synthesis of N-Glycosides

5 Stereoselective Synthesis of S-Glycosides

6 Conclusion
Dehydration in Water: A Reagentless and Straightforward Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinazolines under Microwave Irradiation or by Stirring at Room Temperature, and Their Subsequent Conversion into Quinazolines in a Micellar Medium
Authors: Panjikar Padmini. C. , Pinheiro Abigail. B. , Chatterjee Amrita , Banerjee Mainak , Saha Soumik
Published: June 2024

Using a reagent- and catalyst-free approach, a series of 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines is synthesized by cyclocondensation between aldehydes and 2-aminobenzylamines via dehydration in water. The reactions are complete in 2 minutes under microwave irradiation and proceed well under stirring at room temperature, affording tetrahydroquinazolines in high to excellent yields. The products are water-insoluble and are isolated by simple filtration, avoiding a conventional work-up step and offering an organic-solvent-free process. Furthermore, the tetrahydroquinazolines are efficiently oxidized in a micellar medium derived from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using a cheap commercial bleaching solution (4% NaOCl in water) to give quinazolines in high yields. This sustainable protocol has a near zero E-factor.
Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Diazo-β-keto Sulfonamides
Authors: Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. , Judge Evan R. , O’Shaughnessy Keith , Lawrence Simon E.
Published: June 2024

Copper-mediated reactions of α-diazo-β-keto sulfonamides led to a range of products, including alkynesulfonamides, enamines, and α-halosulfonamides, with no evidence for intramolecular C–H insertion in any of the reactions, in contrast to the reactivity of the comparable α-diazo-β-oxo sulfones. Use of copper(II) triflate (5 mol%) led to the isolation of a series of alkynesulfonamides (up to 12% yield) and enamines (up to 64% yield). Use of copper(II) chloride (5 mol%) led to the formation, in addition, of α-halosulfonamides; use of stoichiometric amounts of copper(II) chloride/bromide enabled facile halogenation of the β-keto sulfonamide to form α-halosulfonamides (up to 63% yield).
Reproducing the normal and the pathological in personalized cancer medicine clinical trials
Authors: Even Chorev Nadav , Filc Dani
Published: June 2024

The medical practice termed Personalized Medicine ideally uses all the patient’s possible characteristics in predicting disease predisposition and response to therapy, but primarily employs the individual’s unique molecular make-up in the tailoring of treatment. This change in medical practice also entails an epistemic shift towards ‘molecularization’: individuals and disease are now understood and governed through life’s basic building blocks. In this paper we argue that underlying personalized medicine is a continued understanding of the pathological state as a quantitative deviation from a normal state. In this we build on the critique of French philosopher Georges Canguilhem who positioned the quantitative interpretation of the pathological in nineteenth century medical thinking. Personalized cancer medicine takes each patient’s cancer as singular, implying that there is no ‘normal’ baseline for comparing individual pathology. We analyze cases of personalized cancer clinical trials from recent years to show that each displays a quantitative understanding of the pathological reminiscent of past thinking in two main modes: a molecularized interpretation of cancer pathology and a quantitative measuring of targeted therapy efficacy. We situate the analysis in broader discussions of historical medical shifts and in current studies of personalized medicine, to outline implications of this form of continuity.
Cultivating inclusivity in introductory undergraduate STEM course syllabi
Authors: Bernardi Francesca , Brown Crystal , Davis Lindsay , Ephraim Michelle , Moody Rebecca , Trubko Raisa
Published: June 2024

Syllabi are widely used at higher education institutions in the United States to present students with course-related information before or at the beginning of a new class. The timing and versatility of these documents allows instructors to set the tone of a course with (or without) an eye towards inclusivity. This can be important for all students but affects, in particular, students from marginalized groups as they navigate STEM courses. We report a study about inclusive practices in course syllabi at a STEM institution by addressing whether they: (a) list instructors’ pronouns, (b) utilize readings and materials authored by women and gender minority scholars, and (c) contain inclusivity statements. We report and compare perspectives on these three aspects from two datasets: 163 syllabi analyzed based on a rubric that we developed and results from an undergraduate student survey, both from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The two complementary datasets provide a way to benchmark whether there is a link between student and faculty perceptions of syllabi use and desired content. We find sharp differences between students’ expectations and actual syllabi content for all three of our topics of interest with students wanting inclusive practices at the forefront of course development regardless of subject and faculty lagging behind. We provide suggestions on how to incorporate inclusive practices in syllabi design and propose further questions to explore.
How far can we see back in time in high-energy collisions using charm hadrons?
Authors: Gyulai László , Bíró Gábor , Vértesi Róbert , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor
Published: June 2024

We use open charm production to estimate how far we can see back in time in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions. We analyze the transverse momentum distributions of the identified D mesons from pp, p–Pb and A–A collisions at the ALICE and STAR experiments covering the energy range from

s

NN

=
200

GeV

up to 7 TeV. Within a non-extensive statistical framework, the common Tsallis parameters for D mesons represent higher temperature and more degrees of freedom than that of light-flavour hadrons. Assuming Bjorken-expansion, the production of D mesons corresponds to a significantly earlier proper time, τ
D = (0.18 ± 0.06)τ
LF.
Lepton flavour violation signal of the singly charged scalar singlet at the ILC
Authors: Yue Chong-Xing , Sun Xiao-Chen , Zhang Na-Qian , Bu Yang-Yang
Published: June 2024

The singly charged SU(2)
L
singlet scalar is one of the very interesting new particles, as it can generate neutrino masses at loop level, produce contributions to various flavour observables. We study the possibility of detecting this kind of scalar predicted by the singly-charged scalar model at ILC via the lepton flavour violation process

e

+

e

−

→

S

+

S

−

→
μ
e
+

E

. Considering the constraints on the free parameters, we obtain the expected sensitivities of the ILC with the center of mass energy

s

=
1

TeV

and the integrated luminosity

L
=

1.5 ab−1 to the parameter space of the singly-charged scalar model. The prospective excluded mass range at 95% C.L. is M

S
≳ 470 GeV, 410 GeV for the branching ratio

B

μ
e

= 100% , 50%, respectively, while the scalar with M

S
≳ 300 GeV is excluded at 95% C.L. for

B

μ
e

= 30%.
Electric field modulated electronic, thermoelectric and transport properties of 2D tetragonal silicene and its nanoribbons
Authors: Mondal Niladri Sekhar , Mondal Rajkumar , Bedamani Singh N , Nath Subhadip , Jana Debnarayan
Published: June 2024

Using both first principles and analytical approaches, we investigate the role of a transverse electric field in tuning the electrical, thermoelectric, optical and transport properties of a buckled tetragonal silicene (TS) structure. The transverse electric field transforms the linear spectrum to parabolic at the Fermi level and opens a band gap. The gap is similar at the two Dirac points present in the irreducible Brillouin zone of the TS structure and increases in proportion to the applied field strength. However, a sufficiently strong electric field converts the system into a metallic one. A comparable band opening is also seen in the TS nanoribbons. Electric field-induced semiconducting nature improves its thermoelectric properties. Estimated Debye temperature reveals its superiority over graphene in terms of thermoelectric performance. The optical response of the structures is very asymmetric. Large values of imaginary and real components of the dielectric function are seen. The absorption frequency lies in the UV region. Plasma frequencies are identified and are red-shifted with the applied field. The current–voltage characteristics of the symmetric type nanoribbons show oscillation in current whereas the voltage-rectifying capability of anti-symmetric type nanoribbons under a transverse electric field is interesting.
Well-posedness of the periodic dispersion-generalized Benjamin–Ono equation in the weakly dispersive regime
Authors: Jöckel Niklas
Published: June 2024

We study the dispersion-generalized Benjamin–Ono equation in the periodic setting. This equation interpolates between the Benjamin–Ono equation (

α
=
1

) and the inviscid Burgers’ equation (

α
=
0

). We obtain local well-posedness in

H
s

(

T

)

for

s
>

3
2

−
α

and

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

by using the short-time Fourier restriction method.
Scattering of solutions with group invariance for the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Komada Koichi , Masaki Satoshi
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider the focusing, L
2-supercritical and

H
˙

2

-subcritical fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We show the scattering of group-invariant solutions below the ground state threshold, under the hypothesis that the threshold for group-invariant solutions is less than a certain value.
A cylindrical shell comprising multifunctional metamaterial cores with ultra-low frequency vibroacoustic reduction and mechanical performances
Authors: Jia Qi , Yu Dianlong , Fang Xin , Zhao Honggang , Wen Jihong
Published: June 2024

Deep-sea submersible is an important part of oceanic equipment, where special operating environment must require the outer material to have multifunctional properties such as load-bearing, buckling, and vibroacoustic suppression. Here, we proposed a novel metamaterial with excellent mechanical and ultra-low frequency vibroacoustic characteristics as a core material for cylindrical shells used in deep-sea submersibles. Compared to honeycomb materials, the proposed metamaterial utilized the design principles of local resonance theory, incorporating a subwavelength structure periodically embedded within the porous honeycomb structure. This configuration was expected to result in superior static and dynamic properties. Then, we systematically discussed the mechanical and vibroacoustic performance of sandwich cylindrical shells with metamaterial cores, characterized by positive or negative Poisson's ratios, to explore their potential for engineering applications in submerged pressure-resistant structures. The respective unit cells were designed to have equivalent load-bearing capabilities, and simulations were conducted to analyze the physical characteristics related to pressure resistance, buckling, and wave reduction. The results indicated that, compared to conventional honeycomb structures, the metamaterials based on PMMA could safely withstand hydrostatic pressures of nearly 7 MPa, resulting in nearly a twofold increase in structural strength. Additionally, the proposed metamaterials could open bandgaps in an ultra-low frequency range (with the normalized frequency Ω as low as 0.013) and an ultra-wide frequency range (with the bandwidth ratio as high as 83.50%), attributable to the coupling effect of traveling waves and subwavelength units. It is worth noting that the robustness and hydrostatic pressure insensitivity of the metamaterial were demonstrated in the studied hydrostatic pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa. This work verified the feasibility of coupling the design between local resonance theory and porous structures, and provided guidance for the multifunctional design of sandwich cylindrical shells.
Empirical adequacy of the time operator canonically conjugate to a Hamiltonian generating translations
Authors: Stoica Ovidiu Cristinel
Published: June 2024

To admit a canonically conjugate time operator, the Hamiltonian has to be a generator of translations (like the momentum operator generates translations in space), so its spectrum must be unbounded. But the Hamiltonian governing our world is thought to be bounded from below. Also, judging by the number of fields and parameters of the Standard Model, the Hamiltonian seems much more complicated. In this article I give examples of worlds governed by Hamiltonians generating translations. They can be expressed as a partial derivative operator just like the momentum operator, but when expressed in function of other observables they can exhibit any level of complexity. The examples include any quantum world realizing a standard ideal measurement, any quantum world containing a clock or a free massless fermion, the quantum representation of any deterministic time-reversible dynamical system without time loops, and any quantum world that cannot return to a past state. Such worlds are as sophisticated as our world, but they admit a time operator. I show that, despite having unbounded Hamiltonian, they do not decay to infinite negative energy any more than any quantum or classical world. Since two such quantum systems of the same Hilbert space dimension are unitarily equivalent even if the physical content of their observables is very different, they are concrete counterexamples to Hilbert Space Fundamentalism (HSF). Taking the observables into account removes the ambiguity of HSF and the clock ambiguity problem attributed to the Page-Wootters formalism, also caused by assuming HSF. These results provide additional motivations to restore the spacetime symmetry in the formulation of Quantum Mechanics and for the Page-Wootters formalism.
Nature of the bond in intermetallic compounds
Authors: Thankappan Pillai Rajasekharan , Vummethala Seshu Bai
Published: June 2024

By studying 398 binary compounds crystallizing in five different crystal structures, it is shown that atomic radii of the elements

R

A

and

R

B

change to reach a constant radius ratio

r

A

/

r

B

(
≡
ϒ
)

in a cubic system. In systems of lower symmetry, a range of ϒ values, each corresponding to a certain axial ratio, is possible. Accurate charge values on atoms in solids are derived from the experimental internal radii

r

A

and

r

B

,

using Shannon’s compilation of radii versus charge states for elements. It is found, for the first time, that charge transfer and radii change reverse their direction at the

ϒ

point. Electronegativity difference relative to its value at the ϒ point is recognized to correctly predict the charge transfer and radii changes with

R

A

/

R

B

.

The deduced electronic structure of solids, based on spherical ions carrying partial charges, confirms that the metallic atom-pair bond is a resonating polar covalent bond. Identification of the number of electrons that contribute to cohesion and electrical conduction individually, allows successful prediction of electrical conductivity variation for transition metals and p-elements in the periodic table. From a knowledge of accurate valence of elements and of charge on the atoms, variation in the 197Au isomer shift of the gold compounds of CsCl type structure is predicted. The charges on atoms computed using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) technique agree with those obtained in our work for compounds belonging to two of the structure types. For compounds belonging to the other three, the charge values obtained by the two methods do not agree. The disagreement correlates to not reckoning the role of the ϒ point. The effect of ϒ point is so fundamental and universal that most physical properties obtained by the secondary processing of primary DFT data, can be influenced by it.
An innovative treatment of anharmonic and Morse potentials to determine the spectroscopic constants of diatomic molecules
Authors: Amila I , Fedoul A , Janati Idrissi M , Chatwiti A , Sayouri S
Published: June 2024

In this work, we develop an operational method to determine the explicit expressions of the spectroscopic constants ω

e
, ω

e

x

e
, ω

e

y

e
, and ω

e

z

e
of diatomic systems using the solutions of the Schrödinger equation up to the second order of polynomial anharmonic and Morse potentials with the help of the Floquet theorem combined with the resonating average method. As an example, we performed numerical calculations of the above-mentioned constants for H2, LiH, CO, and NO molecules. We present and discuss our results compared to those of other authors available in the literature.
Velocity inversion of a relativistic electron incident by a vortex beam in a magnetic field
Authors: Shi Yu , Li Haiying , Bai Lu , Xu Bin , Tong Jiachen , Wu Songyang
Published: June 2024

A method is proposed to invert the velocity of a relativistic electron incident by a vector Bessel vortex beam in a magnetic field by analyzing the spectra of the backward scattered echoes. The scattering power and spectra are investigated based on the vector plane wave angular spectrum theory and the Thomson scattering theory. The results indicate that the high velocity of an electron causes the distribution of the scattered power on the

x
o
y

plane to shift in the direction of the velocity. Additionally, the spectra of the scattered echoes display periodic bimodality due to the cyclotron motion of the electrons. The velocity of a relativistic electron parallel to the applied magnetic field can be obtained from the spectrum of the scattered echoes and the parameters of the vortex beam. The conclusions suggest that both the magnitude and the direction of the velocity of a relativistic electron can be determined using a set of orthogonal magnetic fields. This work is significant for studying the scattering of vortex beams by plasmas and developing diagnostic techniques of plasmas.
Fast and spurious: a robust determination of our peculiar velocity with future galaxy surveys
Authors: Lacasa Fabien , Bonvin Camille , Dalang Charles , Durrer Ruth
Published: June 2024

To date, the most precise measurement of the observer's peculiar velocity comes from the dipole in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This velocity also generates a dipole in the source number counts, whose amplitude is governed not only by the observer velocity, but also by specific properties of the sources, that are difficult to determine precisely. Quantitative studies of the source number counts currently give dipoles which are reasonably well aligned with the CMB dipole, but with a significantly larger amplitude than that of the CMB dipole. In this work, we explore an alternative way of measuring the observer velocity from the source number counts, using correlations between neighboring spherical harmonic coefficients, induced by the velocity. We show that these correlations contain both a term sensitive to the source properties and another one directly given by the observer velocity. We explore the potential of aEuclid-like survey to directly measure this second contribution, independently of the characteristics of the population of sources. We find that the method can reach a precision of 4%, corresponding to a detection significance of 24σ, on the observer velocity. This will settle with precision the present “dipole tension”.
Singlet Dirac dark matter streamlined
Authors: Yaguna Carlos E. , Zapata Óscar
Published: June 2024

We propose a new and compact realization of singlet Dirac dark matter within the WIMP framework. Our model replaces the standard Z
2 stabilizing symmetry with a Z
6, and uses spontaneous symmetry breaking to generate the dark matter mass, resulting in a much simplified scenario for Dirac dark matter. Concretely, we extend the Standard Model (SM) with just two new particles, a Dirac fermion (the dark matter) and a real scalar, both charged under the Z
6 symmetry. After acquiring a vacuum expectation value, the scalar gives mass to the dark matter and mixes with the Higgs boson, providing the link between the dark sector and the SM particles. With only four free parameters, this new model is extremely simple and predictive. We study the dark matter density as a function of the model's free parameters and use a likelihood approach to determine its viable parameter space. Our results demonstrate that the dark matter mass can be as large as 6 TeV while remaining consistent with all known theoretical and experimental bounds. In addition, a large fraction of viable models turns out to lie within the sensitivity of future direct detection experiments, furnishing a promising way to test this appealing scenario.
First observation of edge impurity behavior with n = 1 RMP application in EAST L-mode plasma
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Ling , Cheng Yunxin , Morita Shigeru , Sheng Hui , Mitnik Darío , Sun Youwen , Wang Zhengxiong , Chu Yuqi , Hu Ailan , Jie Yinxian , Liu Haiqing
Published: June 2024

High-Z impurity accumulation suppression and mitigation in core plasma is frequently observed in EAST edge localized mode mitigation experiments by using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) coils. To study the individual effects of the RMP field on impurity transport, based on high-performance extreme ultraviolet impurity spectroscopic diagnostics, the effect of the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) RMP field on the behavior of intrinsic impurity ions at the plasma edge, e.g. He+, Li2+, C2+–C5+, O5+, Fe8+, Fe15+, Fe17+, Fe22+, Cu17+, Mo12+, Mo13+ and W27+, is analyzed for the first time in L-mode discharges. Based on the evaluation of the location of these impurity ions, it is found that with the increase in RMP current (I
RMP), an impurity screening layer inside the last closed flux surface is formed, e.g. at ρ = 0.74–0.96, which is also the region that the RMP field affects. Outside this screening layer, the impurity ion flux of He+, Li2+, C2+, C3+, O5+, Fe8+, Mo12+ and Mo13+ ions increases gradually, while inside this screening layer, the impurity ion flux of C4+, C5+, Cu17+, W27+, Fe15+, Fe17+ and Fe22+ ions decreases gradually. When I
RMP is higher than a threshold value, RMP field penetration occurs, accompanied with m/n = 2/1 mode locking, and the position of this screening layer moves to the plasma core region, i.e. ρ = 0.66–0.76, close to the q = 2 surface, and the opposite behavior of the impurity ion flux at two sides of the screening layer is strengthened dramatically. As a result, significant decontamination effects in the plasma core region, indicated by the factor of ((Γ
Imp
Z+)w/o–(Γ
Imp
Z+))/(Γ
Imp
Z+)w/o (where (Γ
Imp
Z+)/(Γ
Imp
Z+)w/o denotes the impurity ion flux ratio with and without RMP), is observed, i.e. 30%–60% for heavy impurity (Fe, Cu, Mo, W), and ∼27% for light impurity of C. In addition, the analysis of the decontamination effects of C and Fe impurities under four different RMP phase configurations shows that it may be related to the strength of the response of the plasma to RMP. These results enhance the understanding of impurity accumulation suppression by the n = 1 RMP field and demonstrate a candidate approach using RMP coils for W control in magnetic confinement devices.
High-beta disruption prediction study on HL-2A with instance-based transfer learning
Authors: Zhong Y. , Zheng W. , Chen Z.Y. , Yan W. , Xia F. , Yu L.M. , Xue F.M. , Shen C.S. , Ai X.K. , Yang Z.Y. , Yu Y.L. , Nie Z.S. , Ding Y.H. , Liang Y.F. , Chen Z.P. ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: June 2024

Unmitigated disruptions pose a much more serious threat when large-scale tokamaks are operating in the high performance regime. Machine learning based disruption predictors can exhibit impressive performance. However, their effectiveness is based on a substantial amount of training data. In future reactors, obtaining a substantial amount of disruption data in high performance regimes without risking damage to the machine is highly improbable. Using machine learning to develop disruption predictors on data from the low performance regime and transfer them to the high performance regime is an effective solution for a large reactor-sized tokamak like ITER and beyond. In this study, a number of models are trained using different subsets of data from the HL-2A tokamak experiment. A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is executed on the models, revealing that there are different, even contradicting, patterns between different performance regimes. Thus, simply mixing data among different performance regimes will not yield optimal results. Based on this analysis, we propose an instance-based transfer learning technique which trains the model using a dataset generated with an optimized strategy. The strategy involves instance and feature selection based on the physics behind differences in high- and low-performance discharges, as revealed by SHAP model analysis. The TrAdaBoost technique significantly improved the model performance from 0.78 BA (balanced accuracy) to 0.86 BA with a few high-performance operation data.
Inequalities in the production and use of cement and concrete, and their consequences for decarbonisation and sustainable development
Authors: Marsh Alastair T M , Parker Rachel , Mdee Anna L , Velenturf Anne P M , Bernal Susan A
Published: June 2024

Concrete is vital for constructing infrastructure and housing, and cement is the key binding material within concrete. Concrete is an enabler of development, as concrete structures are key to delivering societal services in many sectors. Much recent research on cement and concrete has focussed on technical solutions to decarbonisation; however, there is a knowledge gap around how cement and concrete intersect with other facets of sustainable development. This study explores the intersection of cement and concrete with inequalities, both through their production as commodities and through their use in built assets. An exploratory analysis of this issue was carried out, comprising an evaluation of industry associations’ conceptions of sustainable development and inequalities, an analysis of underlying power dynamics for several inequality issues using Lukes’ three dimensional framework of power, and a reflection on how certain inequalities may pose risks to achieving decarbonisation and sustainable development aims. Our study shows that industry associations’ narratives around sustainable development generally lack a detailed vision for addressing inequalities, in comparison to their focus on decarbonisation. We find that inequalities are a systemic issue for cement and concrete, spanning intra- and inter-national scales, and all three dimensions of power. These findings highlight that several inequalities are consequential from structural, underlying inequalities, whilst other inequalities are specific to the sectors themselves. The cement and concrete sectors are recommended to develop their conception of inequalities in relation to sustainable development: this can help reduce inequalities within their own workforces more effectively, and also reduce the risks of missing their decarbonisation targets. For large, complex socio-technical systems, such as cement and concrete, it is vital for consideration of inequalities to inform strategic planning with regards to decarbonisation and sustainable development.