bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Komi Republic
Authors: Vahnina O A , Fassahov R S
Published: July 2021

Background. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) presents a great problem of public health all over the world, being widespread among allergic diseases. SAR considerably impacts on social and economic aspects of life. The prevalence rate of SAR and it’s etiology need to be studied to develop the preventive measures and qualified medical attendance. There is limited knowledge concerning the prevalence rate of SAR in Russian Federation. This article presents the results of epidemiological study of pollen allergy, including SAR, in Komi Republic (KR) among adolescents and adults. We found out that SAR is the most widespread pollen allergy, and it’s prevalence rate is 12%. The most frequent etiological factors of SAR are tree pollen and cereals, but the polyvalent sensitization to all kinds of pollen is the most prevalent. The results of studying of epidermal and domestic allergens etiology role are also presented. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence rate and main etiological factors of SAR in KR. Methods. The epidemiological study was carried out in KR within the framework of international program GA2LEN. During questioning we included 2002 respondents, 1038 of them with mentioned allergy reactions in questionnaire underwent allergological examination, including skin scratch tests (men 49,3% and women 50,7%; rural dwellers 18,5% and city dwellers 81,5%). Results. Of the 1038 patients surveyed, 253 were diagnosed with SAR, with a total prevalence rate of 12,6%. There was no significant difference in sex between rural and city dwellers. In 50% of cases allergic conjunctivitis accompanies SAR. The most prevalent sensitization was to tree pollen and cereals. In 44% of SAR we estimated polyvalent sensitization to tree pollen, weeds and cereals. About 50% of patients with SAR were also diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis and 20% of them had sensitization to epidermal and domestic allergens. Conclusion. We evaluated the prevalence rate of SAR in KR, that is considerably higher than official data. The most prevalent etiological factors of SAR were also revealed.
THE RISK OF FOOD INTOLERANCE IN INFANTS WITH INCREASED URINARY EXCRETION OF BREAST MILK ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN
Authors: BEREZINA E YU , REVYAKINA V A , ZORIN S N , GMOSHINSKAYA M V , KON’ I YA , MAZO V K
Published: July 2021

Background. To investigate the content of breast milk a-lactalbumin in urine of infants and the intestinal bio- cenosis for estimation of permeability of the intestinal barrier and the development of food allergies. Materials and methods. 61 breast-fed infants aged 7 to 10 days, 33 boys and 28 girls were included in the study. They level of urinary excretion of a-lactalbumin of breast milk in the urine by elisa with a modification as well as the intestinal microflora by a bacteriological method were determined. Results. it was established, that excretion rate of breast milk a-lactalbumin in the urine of infants varied in a wide range of values from traces quantities to 300,0 ng/ml. depending on the content of a-lactalbumin in the urine infants were divided into 2 groups: first (n=52) with low levels of excretion of a-lactalbumin ranging from trace values (
NEW OPPORTUNITIES INHALATION THERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: ZAYTSEVA O V , ZAITSEVA S V , SNITKO S YU
Published: July 2021

Pathogenesis and etiology of bronchial asthma in children are discussed in the article. the main directions of diagnosis and therapy of bronchial asthma in children are defined. inhalation therapy is given special attention. studies on the use of iziheilere in therapy of bronchial asthma in children are given.
PECULARITIES OF INNATE IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN WITH RECCURENT WHEEZING
Authors: Zaytseva O V , Lokshina E E , Gromadina O V , Dmitrieva E V , Malinovskaya V V , Shklyaeva I V , Guseva T S , Parshina O V , Parfenov V V
Published: July 2021

Background. To study clinical importance of indicators of innate immunity in children with recurrent wheezing and the effectiveness of recombinant interferon α-2b (Viferon, Russia) in complex treatment. Methods. 187 children with recurrent wheezing and 16 healthy children were included in this study aged from 1 to 10 years. It was investigated the level of eosinophilia, total IgE, level of subpopulations of blood lymphocytes, immunoregulatory index, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 on the surface of monocytes, the percentage of proinflammatory monocytes, and effectiveness of therapy was evaluated as well. Results. We revealed increase of natural killers, proinflammatory monocytes, eosinophils, with increased expression of TLR2, which is in inverse proportion to the frequency of the ARI in children with recurrent wheezing. After treatment of Viferon we revealed reduction ARls, decrease of episodes and duration of wheezing in children. Conclusion. Revealed changes of innate immunity and the reduction of activity indicators of adaptive management showed signs of deficiency of the immune system in the group of children with recurrent wheezing. Using of interferon α-2b in the complex therapy of children with recurrent wheezing has a positive therapeutic and protective effect.
SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND T-CELL LYMPHOMA: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Authors: Niyasov D D , Fedenko E S , Boldireva M N
Published: July 2021

The review is devoted to severe atopic dermatitis and T-cell lymphoma, similarities and differences in their pathogenesis and clinical features.
The dynamics of soluble apoptosis markers during diet therapy in infants with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sentsova T B , Revyakina V A , Kaganov B S , Denisova S N , Vorozhko I V , Monosova O YU , Kirillova O O
Published: July 2021

Background. To estimate the dynamics of soluble apoptosis markers in infants with atopic dermatitis for updating mechanisms of immunopathogenesis and improvement of diet therapy. Methods. We observed 66 bottle-fed infants aged 1,5—12 months old (boys -47, girls — 19) with atopic dermatitis (AD). The sensibilization to cow milk protein was revealed in all 66 infants. Detected allergen-specific IgG and IgE antibodies to cow milk protein, its fraction and goat milk protein were the reason to include infants into the 1st group and feed with hydrolyzed formula (27 infants). 39 infants in the 2nd group, who were not sensibilized to goat milk protein, were fed by goat milk based formula. Serum levels of soluble apoptosis markers (sCD153, caspase-8, sFas-L, caspase-9 and annexin-5) were measured by immunoenzyme method (ELISA). Results. The activation of signal apoptosis systems in infants with AD with increased levels of sFas-L и sCD153 was revealed. Levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly lower than in control group, and reflected the impaired elimination of modified immmunocompetent cells. The level of annexin-5 was significantly lower in infants with AD than in control group. The estimation of the dynamics of investigated parameters during diet therapy showed significant increase of caspase-9 level in both groups. The level of caspase-8 was increased only in infants who were fed by goat milk formula. Levels of sFas-L, sCD153 and annexin-5 during diet treatment did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion. The results showed that sCD153, caspase-8, sFas-L, caspase-9 and annexin-5 play a role in the realization of allergic inflammation in infants with AD. The diet therapy with goat milk formula promotes more physiological repair of the effectory component of the apoptosis.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECURRENT OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Lukashevich М G , Siziakina L P , Savisko A A
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study is to evaluate immunopathogenic mechanisms of lower respiratory tract reobstructions and to develop diagnostic, treatment and prophylaxis mechanisms of this syndrome and transformation to BA. Methods. 78 children with repeated episodes of obstructive bronchitis (OB) and 30 conditionally healthy children, formed a control group, were examined. Both groups of children were divided into two age groups — under 3 years old and older than 3 years old. All the patients underwent immunological examination. Results. The longer and heavier course of OB episodes, accompanied by the disturbance of ripening and, in less degree, differentiation of T-lymphocyte subpopulation, decreasing of readiness for apoptosis were revealed in 3 years old patients. In the age group older than 3 years old the OB episodes were taking their course easier, started at the earlier age, repeated more often, were accompanied by decreasing of CD4 +-lymphocytes, decreasing of early activation processes, intensification of late activation processes. Conclusion. The revealed peculiarities testify to heterogeneity of children groups with repeated OB episodes and make working out individual rehabilitation programs necessary.
SEVERE ASTHMA: PHENOTYPES AND ROLE OF SMALL AIRWAYS
Authors: Fassakhov R S
Published: July 2021

The role of small airways in severe asthma is discussed. The involvement of small airways in the inflammatory process increases the importance of the value delivery systems for effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Extrafine aerosol beclomethasone dipropionate / formoterol (Foster) delivers the drug in the small bronchi significantly improving patient outcomes.
THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO THE URTICARIA TREATMENT
Authors: Shvets S M
Published: July 2021

Urticaria is a heterogenic disorder, requires elimination of triggers and symptomatic treatment. The basic medications are antihistaminics of the second generation.
PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE: ABERRATIONS, FACTS AND FACILITIES OF VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS
Authors: Salkina O A , Snegova Nadezhda Fedorovna , Chernousov A D , Salkina O A , Snegova N F , Tchernousov A D
Published: July 2021

The article presents information about the microbiology, epidemiology, clinical appearance and specific prevention of pneumococcal infections. Modern data on the pathogenesis and risk factors and comparative characteristics of polysaccharide and conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are discussed.
The drug-induced pulmonary eosinophilia
Authors: Chernyak Boris Anatol'evich , Vorzheva I I , Chernyak B A , Vorzheva I I
Published: July 2021

in the review modern data on drug-induced pulmonary eosinophilia - heterogeneous group of the diseases
proceeding separately (syndrome lÖffler, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonias), or as the component
part of a DRESS-syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is introduced. The list of the
medical products most often causing development of pulmonary eosinophilia is presented. clinical features of
simple pulmonary eosinophilia, acute and chronic eosinophilia pneumonias, a DRESS-syndrome are described.
Diagnostic criteria and principles of therapy of pulmonary eosinophilia depending on a clinical variant are
reviewed.
Pollen allergy and household budget
Authors: Mokronosova M A , Mokronosova M A
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of the allergy to birch pollen is high in the middle part of russian Federation. the symptoms of allergic
intermittent rhinitis appears in the first decade and lasted during all life. the severity of the disease is aggravated annually.
the economic burden of allergic rhinitis includes direct, indirect and hidden costs. the indirect cost (disability and loss of
productivity, hypoallergenic life arrangements) exceeds direct costs many times. allergen specific immunotherapy by pollen
allergovaccines is unique kind of pathogenic management. asIt demonstrates significant improvement of the symptoms of
rhinitis and asthma, quality of life. one of the main problems is high costs of asIt. economical models used in investigations
on asIt cost effectiveness demonstrated lucre in the following 10 years of life after 3 year's course of asIt. In order to achieve
high clinical result it is necessary to follow european standard's guidance on specific immunotherapy strictly.
TREATMENT OF URTICARIA: TODAY AND TOMORROW
Authors: Borzova Elena Yu , Grattan Clive H
Published: July 2021

Urticaria is a common disorder with diverse clinical presentations. Correct recognition of the different clinical
patterns helps clinical assessment and treatment. The management of urticaria involves recognition of relevant
disease associations, treatment of any identifiable external causes including infection, avoidance of drug, food
and physical triggers and the appropriate use of pharmacological therapies. These can be divided into first, second and third line approaches. The choice of treatment will be influenced by many factors including drug
licensing, safety, pattern of disease, its severity, pharmacoeconomic considerations and patient preference. Possible
new therapeutic approaches on the horizon include new H1 antihistamines, H4 receptor antagonists, a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor under development and biological agents that target histamine - releasing
autoantibody production and function.
Helicobacter pylori infection: regulatory role of cytokines in inflammation and allergy
Authors: Varyushina E A , Simbirtsev A S
Published: July 2021

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that chronically infects the stomach of more than 50% of human population and represents the major cause of gastroduodenal pathologies. The H. pylori infection is followed by local inflammatory response in gastric mucosa and proinflammatory cytokine production, and preferably elicits a T-helper 1 (Thl) immune response. Bronchial asthma and allergic diseases are orchestrated by Th2 cytokines. A negative association between the H. pylori infection and frequency of allergic diseases was found. Investigations of possible molecular mechanisms of the association are required for research of novel strategies of prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Fungal allergy in clinical practice
Authors: Tsarev S V
Published: July 2021

Epidemiologic data on atopic diseases with fungal sensitization is summarized in the review. Basic pathogenic aspects of fungal allergen associated disorders are presented. Fungi may adversely affect human health through three processes: allergy, infection and toxicity. Allergic reactions to fungi can be immediate or delayed. The most common form of hypersensitivity to molds is immediate (or IgE-mediated) type hypersensitivity.
Features of lymphocytes during programmed cell death in patients with atopic bronchial asthma
Authors: Pinchuk Y V , Vodunon A C , Mustafin I G , Abramova Z I
Published: July 2021

Background. To establish features of programmed cell death of lymphocytes depending on disease severity
score.
Methods. The morphology of lymphocytes was investigated with a method of electronic microscopy. Apoptotic
cells were defined by flow cytometry.
Results. We have revealed lymphocytes morphological difference between asthmatics and normal donors. Also
we found out the difference between number of cells during the incubation process.
Conclusion. These findings can promote deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
ALLERGIC DISEASES PRIMARY PREVENTION IN CHILDREN: POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE AND HIGH SPECIFICITY OF INFORMATION ON ALLERGIC DISEASES IN MALE RELATIVES
Authors: Treneva M S
Published: July 2021

Background. Сhildren allergic diseases primary prevention could be advanced with exploration of positive
predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of information on allergic diseases in a wide range of relatives.
Methods. retrospective analytic cross-sectional study. 1974 relatives of 212 children with allergic diseases and 137 controls were questioned. Couples of children equally aged were grouped in «×2»tables for each relativetype. Se was calculated as relative' allergic disease probability in child with allergic disease. Sp was calculated
as negative allergic disease relative' probability in negative allergic disease children. PPV was calculated as a probability of allergic diseased children in positive allergic disease relatives; NPV -as a probability of negative
allergic diseased children in negative allergic disease relatives.
Results. PPV was of high quantity in male relatives -father' father (86%), male cousins (80%), mother' father
(77%), mother' brother (73%), father of a child (72%). Mother' PPV was under 65%.
Sp of all relatives was of good quantity. The top levels belong to male relatives -father' father (97%), fathermother (94%), father' brother (91%), male cousins (91%), mother' brother (89%).
NPV of all relatives was useless for clinical practitioner.
Se was low in all relatives. Mother' Se was on top with 67%. So, male relatives'allergic disease importance is confirmed by high PPV and high Sp in grandfathers, uncles, male cousins.
Conclusion. high PPV and high Sp of information on allergic disease in male relatives combine prognostic valid
and specific risk criterion for allergic diseases in children. A child should be set for a primary prevention of allergic disease in case of allergic disease in grandfathers, or uncles, or male cousins, or child' father.
OLYMP programme-basic clinical immunology programme as a part of continued medical education for pediatritiansGeneral aspects of immune response generation. Clinical and laboratory assessment of immune dysfunction
Authors: Shcherbina A Yur'evna
Published: July 2021

Immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity and functions to prevent our body from microorganisms intrusion, as well as to continuously remove damaged cells. Proper function of immune system depends on maturation and coordinated activation of its different components. Inborn or acquired defects of immune components cause immunodeficiencies. Primary care physicians alertness and availability of specialized laboratory methods of assessment of cellular and humoral immunity, complement and phagocytosis are important for up-to-date diagnosis of these disorders.
Penyuluhan Literasi Pajak Berbasis Komunikasi Publik di PT ZAF Internasional
Authors: Utami Ai Annisaa , Umam Khoirul , Djuhartono Tjipto
Published: July 2021

Arah dan fokus pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menciptakan literasi pajak untuk UMKM di ZAF Internasional. Literasi pajak dikembangkan dalam peraturan dalam proses pembayaran, pemungutan, pemotongan, dan pelaporan pajak untuk UMKM. Ruang lingkup pengetahuan dan peraturan terkait pajak UMKM harus dipahami secara menyeluruh oleh wajib pajak pemilik UMKM. Mengingat pajak UMKM merupakan jenis pajak yang pemungutannya merupakan self assessment di mana setiap informasi untuk pembayaran dan pelaporan dilakukan secara mandiri oleh wajib pajak UMKM yang bersangkutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara berupa tanya jawab dengan audience, observasi, dan penyuluhan materi pajak UMKM. Mitra utama dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah PT ZAF Internasional yang terletak di Depok dengan komposisi peserta meliputi karyawan bagian keuangan, bagian pajak, serta pemilik PT ZAF Internasional. Berdasarkan penyuluhan yang telah dilaksanakan hasil yang tampak adalah penggunaan PPH Final untuk UMKM yang tertuang dalam PP Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 dengan perubahan tarif sebesar 0,5%.
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Siswa Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pameran Seni Rupa Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Di Kelas XI MIPA 5 SMAN 1 Muaro Jambi
Authors: Emriyasmen
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The primary purpose of this study is to improvestudents‟ knowledge in planning, actuating, and reporting of artexhibition for students in class XI MIPA5 SMAN 1 Muaro Jambi. Thisstudy employs the classroom action research in two cycles withdemonstration methods. Based on the study, student‟s knowledge inplanning, actuating, and reporting of art exhibition increases in eachcycle and raises the limit points determined.
Perbedaan Cara Menjawab Pertanyaan Antara Mahasiswa Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Dengan Menggunakan Konsep R3Mr
Authors: Suryawahyuni Latief
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to know about thedifferences between gender and style of answer the question ofundergraduate students in V semester of Government Science field,Syariah Faculty, UIN Sulthan Thaha Syaifuddin, Jambi, 2018/2019academic year. This study employed statistic descriptive analyze bychi-square and determined four variable, named R3Mr. The studyfound that there is a difference between gender and style of answerquestion, which is male students dominated in R1 and Mr variable, thepercentage of R1 and Mr variable are 70.7% and 62.5%, while thefemale students are in R2 and R3 variable, that is 62.5% and 53.3%
Transfer of Social Competencies to the Intercultural Environment. The Relationship between Social and Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Jurásek Miroslav , Strelnikova Irina , Lédlová Janna
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this quantitative empirical study is to examine the relationship between social and cultural intelligence. The aim is to determine whether social skills are transferable and applicable anywhere, regardless of external conditions given by cultural diff erences.
Methodology/methods: Data were collected using an online questionnaire, which was completed by 92 students studying economics and management at universities in the Czech Republic. Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method.
Scientific aim: The aim is to determine the predictive power of the social intelligence construct (SQ) (and their individual components - processing, skills and awareness) on the target variable, cultural intelligence (CQ). The mediation influence of two traditional antecedents of cultural intelligence, language skills and intercultural, experience is compared. The stability (immutability) of the basic theoretical model, the relationship between social and cultural intelligence, depending on gender, is also examined.
Findings: It has been found, that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between social and cultural intelligence. Social skills have the greatest eff ect on cultural intelligence, but our data did not confi rm the statistically signifi cant effect of one dimension of SQ (awareness). The relationship between SQ and CQ is well explained by language skills; complementary mediation was confirmed. On the contrary, the second mediator examined, intercultural experience, does not explain the SQ-CQ relationship. Only a direct eff ect was identifi ed. The found relationship applies equally to men and women. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.
Conclusions: The results of our study are important for HR management and personnel management, who select new employees. The knowledge can also be used to make decisions about sending employees abroad: individuals with a high SQ are likely to do well and be work-effi cient, both at home and abroad. A limitation of our research to some extent distorting its results and findings is a relatively small sample, or certain problems associated with the measurement of individual constructs. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
The Influence of the Quality of Education on the Knowledge Economy: the Czech Republic in International Comparison
Authors: Kučerová Hana
Published: July 2021

The knowledge economy consists in the creation of added value based on the use of knowledge not only due to manual production but especially due to the growing importance of education and the use of scientifi c knowledge in terms of the overall competitiveness of the country. The education of the population is thus a crucial factor determining the level of economic development and quality of life. The educational structure of the population aff ects the performance of the whole economy, as well as the performance of individual companies. Human development indicators, which are published in the UN Human Development Report, include education quality indicators. The paper aims to perform a comparative analysis of education quality indicators in the Czech Republic and an international comparison. Based on selected statistical results of comparative analysis, determine the order of states in the evaluation of the quality of education. Furthermore, using the results, compile a SWOT analysis of the quality of education in the Czech Republic, based on which the fundamental problems of Czech education will be defi ned and recommendations for improving the quality of education in the Czech Republic as one of the key determinants of the knowledge economy.
INFLUENCE OF ALTITUDE ON FLEXIBILITY OF ELITE WRESTLERS GRECO-ROMAN STYLE
Authors: Nikolov Nikola
Published: July 2021

It is widely assumed that wrestling is a sport posing high requirements as regards one’s physical qualities strength and endurance. A lot of specialists, however, point out the necessity of harmonious and balanced development of all motor qualities, including flexibility. This research is aimed at wrestlers’ physical preparation and more specifically the dynamics in the physical quality flexibility. We attempted to find out whether altitude influences the manifestation of the physical quality flexibility and to what extent. The research was done among 13 wrestlers from Bulgarian National team, Greco-Roman style, men. We measured the flexibility of the spinal cord and coxofemoral joint during training camps held at low and high altitude. The tests used (Т1, Т2, Т3 and Т4) are easy to be applied. The results were processed statistically and further discussed. It is clear that there were statistically significant differences only along T2, and there was no reliable difference in the results along the rest of the tests - Т1, Т3 and Т4 at a low and high altitude.
Restaurants Facebook Advertising and Consumers Purchase Intention
Authors: Alnsour Muhammed S. , Alshaer Sawsan A. , Al-Zubi Abdelhalim
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This main aim of this study is to find out the effects of Facebook ads on Jordanian consumers’ purchase intentions in the restaurant industry. Design/methodology/approach: The design of this research takes a descriptive quantitative approach; a sample of 202 participants answered an online questionnaire, the collected data were analysed by Standardized Multiple Linear Regression and Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression. Findings: The study concluded that restaurants’ Facebook advertising dimensions (Informativeness, Entertainment, Perceived Relevance, Incentive) affect Jordanian consumers’ purchase intention, incentive was the most influential dimension, followed by Perceived relevance, while informativeness and entertainment, was not statistically significant. Research limitations/implications: Only Facebook advertising was considered, whereas future studies could examine other SNS such as YouTube, Google+, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Moreover, it is suggested to lengthen the study time later and have a more representative sample to get more generalizable results.
Identifying Tennessee school-based agricultural education student growth and program accountability metrics
Authors: Street Ashton , Stripling Christopher , Ricketts John , Conner Nathan , Boyer Christopher
Published: July 2021

Over the years, accountability in education has transformed from the primary focus being the school as a whole to the individual teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine the metrics Tennessee school-based agricultural education teachers perceive as indicators of excellent total programs (classroom instruction, FFA, SAE), and a modified Delphi study was used to seek a consensus. The following nine metrics were retained: (a) pesticide certification, (b) program of activities, (c) number of students participating in CDEs, (d) chapter community service hours, (e) total number of FFA activities, (f) number of CDEs coached, (g) at least one proficiency at regional level, (h) one American degree every 3 years, and (i) percentage of students with SAE. Overall, the metrics agreed upon are narrow in focus and all but one is a record of activity and not direct measures of students’ knowledge or skills. As a result, the measures do not include student growth or value-added scores or authentic assessments of 21st century skills. Additional research is needed to further investigate the metrics that should be used to measure a school-based agricultural education program’s success in Tennessee and across the nation.
Gas venting and hydrate deposits in the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Cranston R. E. , Ginsburg D. , Soloviev V. A.
Published: July 2021

Active gas vents and methane hydrate deposits were found in two areas of the Okhotsk Sea in October, 1991 onboard the R. V. Antropov, a Russian research vessel operated by Dalmorgeolo­gia from the Far-East Region of Russia. Gas vents were identified in water depths of 700 to 800 m using a 20 khz fish finding echo sounder. Sediment and hydrate samples were recovered using a 3 m long gravity corer. Some cores contained 30 to 40% by volume methane hydrate in lenses, layers and veins.
A small fraction of the venting gas is captured in a methane hydrate phase, while a majority of the vented gas is released and dispersed in the overlying seawater. Small gas bubbles were observed at the sea surface, indicating that some of the venting gas reaches the atmosphere directly.
Preliminary hydrocarbon gas and methane isotopic composition suggest that the venting gas is biogenic in origin. Based on the flux of organic carbon reaching the seafloor and pore water ammonia results, recent biogenic processes are not sufficient to support the production of the venting methane. It is concluded that biogenic methane from subsurface sediment layers is migrating upwards along preferential pathways associated with faulting.
Formation of submarine gas hydrates
Authors: Soloviev V. , Ginsburg G. D.
Published: July 2021

Submarine gas hydrates have been discovered in the course of deep-sea drilling (DSDP and ODP) and bottom sampling in many offshore regions. This paper reports on expeditions carried out in the Black, Caspian and Okhotsk Seas. Gas hydrate accumulations were discovered and investigated in all these areas. The data and an analysis of the results of the deep-sea drilling programme suggest that the infiltration of gas-bearing fluids is a necessary condition for gas hydrate accumulation. This is confirmed by geological observations at three scale levels. Firstly, hydrates in cores are usually associated with comparatively coarse-grained, permeable sediments as well as voids and fractures. Secondly, hydrate accumulations are controlled by permeable geological structures, i.e. faults, diapirs, mud volcanos as well as layered sequences. Thirdly, in the worldwide scale, hydrate accumulations are characteristic of continental slopes and rises and intra-continental seas where submarine seepages also are widespread. Both biogenic and cat­agenic gas may occur, and the gas sources may be located at various distances from the accumulation. Gas hydrates presumably originate from water-dissolved gas. The possibility of a transition from dissolved gas into hydrate is confirmed by experimental data. Shallow gas hydrate accumulations associated with gas-bearing fluid plumes are the most convenient features for the study of submarine hydrate formation in general. These accumulations are known from the Black, Caspian and Okhotsk Seas, the Gulf of Mexico and off northern California.
Marine sediments as a source of atmospheric methane
Authors: Cranston Ray. E.
Published: July 2021

Methane sources and sinks have been evaluated at 10 sites off the east coasts of Canada and Russia. More than 99% of the diffusive methane flux from marine sediments appears to be consumed by microbial oxidation when dissolved sulfate is present. At 3 sites, methane bubble vents were found. Two of the vents, located in the Okhotsk Sea, appear to result from gas being released along faults. The third plume site was located in a shallow harbour where a large amount of organic carbon is deposited in shallow water. The global diffusive and advective (bubbles) release of methane to the atmosphere from marine sediments is estimated to fall into the range of 1 - 10 TgC a-1 (1 Tg = 1012 g).
Researchers have speculated that marine gas hydrate deposits hold vast quantitites of methane that may melt and be released as a result of global warming. A warmer atmosphere could directly heat the ocean and/or change ocean current systems, which could bring warmer water to some areas. Hydrate samples were recovered from two sites in the Okhotsk Sea. These deposits, in 700 to 800 m of water, would require water temperatures to increase by 8°C in order to melt the hydrate. Quantitative estimates of hydrate reservoirs near the minimum pressure stability zone are needed to remove the uncertainty whether this will be a significant positive feedback loop for global warming.
Comparison of lesion level and ischemic modified albumin in peripheral artery disease
Authors: YÜCEL Cihan , KETENCİLER Serkan , TENEKECİGİL Aslıhan , GEMALMAZ Hüseyin , ÖZCAN Sevgi , KAYALAR Nihan
Published: July 2021

Aim: Research is ongoing to discover biomarkers that can be used to monitor disease progression and predict prognosis in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is known to predict the risk for PAD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum IMA levels were associated with PAD lesions and ankle-brachial index (ABI) values, and to determine the accuracy of IMA levels in predicting PAD prognosis.

Material and Method: Seventy-three patients with PAD who applied to our hospital between July and September 2018 were included in the study. The lesion levels of patients with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) value lower than or equal to 0.9 were determined by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Patients were grouped according to their lesion levels and Fontaine classification. Serum IMA concentrations were measured and compared with regard to lesion levels and ABI values.

Results: Sixty-five of the patients (89%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 62.2 ± 8.8 (43–77) years. The mean serum IMA level was 25.9 ± 26.7 (10–218) ng/ml. Serum IMA levels were found to be lower in patients with bilateral iliac artery lesions (p = 0.040). There was no statistically significant relationship between other parameters and serum IMA levels (p >0.05 for all).

Conclusion: There is a need for biomarkers that can predict lesion level and prognosis in patients with PAD. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between lesion level and serum IMA concentrations in this study, further studies involving a higher number of patients may provide more informative data on this subject.
Evaluation of YouTube videos related to intubation in the pandemic process in terms of quality and content in Turkish and English
Authors: BABAYİĞİT Münire , BABAYİĞİT Mustafa Alparslan
Published: July 2021

Aim:YouTube videos, which are used as sources of information, can also be an essential resource in intubation training. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the content, adequacy, and reliability of the training videos on intubation in our searches in Turkish and English. Material and Method: This study was carried out between8 May to 9 May 2021by searching Youtube in Turkish and English with 'entubation' and 'intubation.' Forty four videos that met the inclusion criteria were included. Intubation indication, explanation of complications, number of views, number of likes, video power index (likes ratio*view rate/100) were recorded in the video content. Ten items were scored over ten total points after the subject content was evaluated. Results:Although the number of views, the number of likes, and the power index values were higher in English videos, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between Turkish and English videos in the quality evaluation (p>0.05). Although it was seen that the approach to the patient diagnosed with Covid-19 (30.4% vs. 9.5%) and the pediatric approach (8.7% vs. 0.0%) were mentioned at higher rates in the English videos, no significant difference was detected (p>0.05). Conclusions:Video sharing on endotracheal intubation in Turkish and English has similar features. Educational videos are shared in Turkish, especially by academic institutions.
Investigation of the potential use of VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 as biomarkers of nickel exposure
Authors: OZTAN Ozgur , TÜRKSOY Vugar Ali , DENİZ Serdar , TUTKUN Engin
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Industrial and agricultural activities such as mining, smelting, and the discharging of industrial and domestic wastewater have increased the severity of heavy metal pollution in environments. Nickel poisoning continues to be an important occupational health problem in many branches of industry especially coating. Occupational exposure to nickel can occur through skin contact or inhalation of nickel-containing aerosols, dusts, or fumes. As a result of the toxic effect of nickel, it can cause various health problems, including respiratory and dermatological effects.

Methods: The study included 56 male workers exposed to nickel in coating factory (Ni-exposed group) and 44 non-exposed male workers (control group). Vascular Cell Adhesion protein (VCAM)-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 levels of serum were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Ni levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in urine samples.

Results: Significant intergroup differences were observed in the levels of all inflammatory parameters such as VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p
Time-Saving as A Motivator for Consumption via Digital Platforms: Istanbul Example in the Consuming of Clothes
Authors: ÖZMEN Seçkin , SANCAR Esma
Published: July 2021

Though women have become more involved in public life, this did not serve to lighten their private workload and “motherhood and housework” have continued to be their primary duties. For women trying to tackle the responsibilities of both the private and the public aspects of life, “time” is one of the most important resources. In this study, the demographic features of women doing their shopping of clothes and accessories through the internet to save time was researched. Subjects of this research were 400 women, living in the 16 districts of Istanbul with the highest socioeconomic level. The data gathering method used in this research was face to face surveying. The results that were obtained through field research indicate that the internet was used in consuming clothing and accessories to save time by working women at the age of 30 and above, who are married and have children.
On the Evolution of Supermassive Primordial Stars in Cosmological Flows
Authors: Woods Tyrone E. , Patrick Samuel , Elford Jacob S. , Whalen Daniel J. , Heger Alexander
Published: July 2021

Primordial supermassive stars (SMSs) formed in atomic-cooling halos at z ∼ 15–20 are leading candidates for the seeds of the first quasars. Past numerical studies of the evolution of SMSs have typically assumed constant accretion rates rather than the highly variable flows in which they form. We model the evolution of SMSs in the cosmological flows that create them using the Kepler stellar evolution and implicit hydrodynamics code. We find that they reach masses of 1 − 2 × 105 M⊙ before undergoing direct collapse to black holes (DCBHs) during or at the end of their main-sequence hydrogen burning, at 1–1.5 Myr, regardless of halo mass, spin, or merger history. We also find that realistic, highly variable accretion histories allow for a much greater diversity of supermassive stellar structures, including in some cases largely thermally relaxed objects, which may provide a significant source of radiative feedback. Our models indicate that the accretion histories predicted for purely atomic-cooling halos may impose a narrow spectrum of masses on the seeds of the first massive quasars; however, further studies incorporating realistic feedback will be essential in order to confirm whether or not this holds true in all cases. Our results also indicate that multiple SMSs at disparate stages of evolution can form in these halos, raising the possibility of SMS binaries and supermassive X-ray binaries, as well as DCBH mergers that could be detected by LISA.
Gravitational-wave Asteroseismology with f-modes from Neutron Star Binaries at the Merger Phase
Authors: Ng Harry Ho-Yin , Cheong Patrick Chi-Kit , Lin Lap-Ming , Li Tjonnie Guang Feng
Published: July 2021

Gravitational-wave signals from coalescing binary neutron stars (BNSs) can yield important information about the properties of nuclear-matter equation of state. We investigate a direct link between the frequency of the quadrupolar 2
f-mode oscillation (f
2f
) of nonrotating and rotating neutron stars calculated by a nonlinear hydrodynamics code in the conformally flat approximation and the gravitational-wave frequency associated with the peak amplitude (

f

max

) of binary neutron stars from a set of publicly available simulations. We find that

f

max

and f
2f
differ by about 1%, on average, across 45 equal-mass systems with different total mass and equations of state. Interestingly, assuming that the gravitational-wave frequency is still approximately equal to twice the orbital frequency f
orb near the merger, the result indicates that the condition for tidal resonance

(
∣
m
∣

f

orb

)

m
=
2

=

f

2
f

is satisfied to high accuracy near the merger. Moreover, the well-established universal relation between

f

max

and the tidal deformability of equal-mass binary systems can now be explained by a similar relation between f
2f
and the tidal deformability of isolated neutron stars. For unequal-mass binaries,

f

max

increasingly deviates from f
2f
of the two stars as the mass ratio decreases from unity. Therefore, it is possible to relate the gravitational-wave signal at the merger of a BNS system directly to the fundamental oscillation modes and the mass ratio. This work potentially brings gravitational-wave asteroseismology to the late-inspiral and merger phases of BNSs.
Stars Lensed by the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way: Predictions for ELT, TMT, GMT, and JWST
Authors: Michałowski Michał J. , Mróz Przemek
Published: July 2021

Gravitational lensing is an important prediction of general relativity, providing both its test and a tool to detect faint but amplified sources and to measure masses of lenses. For some applications, (e.g., testing the theory), a point source lensed by a point-like lens would be more advantageous. However, until now only one gravitationally lensed star has been resolved. Future telescopes will resolve very small lensing signatures for stars orbiting the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the center of the Milky Way. The lensing signatures, however, should be easier to detect for background stars. We predict that the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) will resolve the lensed images of around 100 (60) stars in the disk and 30 (20) stars in the bulge in the background of the SMBH, down to 28 (27) mag (Vega) limits at K-band, requiring 5 (1) hr of integration. In order to detect several such stars one needs the limit of at least 24 mag. With decade-long monitoring, one can also detect the rotation of the lensed images. The detection of elongated images will not be possible, because this would require a nearly perfect source-lens alignment. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely be limited by the confusion caused by stars near the Galactic center. The detection of such lensed images will provide a very clean test of general relativity, when combined with the SMBH mass measurement from orbital motions of stars, and accurate measurements of the SMBH properties, because both the source and the lens can be considered point-like.
Updated description of Atheniella (Mycenaceae, Agaricales), including three new species with brightly coloured pilei from Yunnan Province, southwest China
Authors: Ge Yupeng , Liu Zewei , Zeng Hui , Cheng Xianhao , Na Qin
Published: July 2021

An updated description of the genus Atheniella, combining macro- and micromorphological characters that elaborate on the original generic characterisation, is presented. Atheniella is characterised by a brightly coloured pileus, all tissues inamyloid and pileipellis covered with simple to branched excrescences. Previously, nine Atheniella species were known globally, of which three species were accepted in China. Three newly-recognised species classified in the genus are here formally described from Yunnan Province: Atheniella flavidasp. nov., A. rutilasp. nov. and A. taoyaosp. nov. The new species are characterised by a yellow, orange, pink or red pileus, fusiform cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, non-smooth pileipellis, stipitipellis smooth or with cylindrical ornamentation, caulocystidia fusiform or subglobose, if present and all tissues inamyloid. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely-related taxa are presented for the new species. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (ITS + nLSU) supported that Atheniella is resolved as monophyletic and also supported the taxonomic recognition of the new species. A key to the 12 species of Atheniella is also provided.
The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Abu-Samak Mahmoud S. , Hasoun Luai Z. , Barham Abeer , Mohammad Beisan A. , Mosleh Ibrahim , Aljaberi Ahmad , Awwad Shady H.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed to assess the effect of VD3, n-3FA, and their combination on serum leptin levels in people with vitamin D deficiency (VDD).

Subjects and methods: One hundred and forty six participants, were randomly assigned into four groups supplemented with the dose of 50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly (D), 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (Om), and their combination (D+Om) or control (C) for eight weeks. Fasting baseline and follow-up (10 weeks; 8 weeks supplementation plus washout period of 2 weeks) of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphorus were assayed. A paired T-test was used to assess the changes in serum leptin levels over of the follow-up period.

Results: Significant increase in follow-up serum leptin (10.62 ± 7.18 to 14.42 ± 8.29 ng/mL, P = 0.002) and TG (154 ± 84.4 to 200.1 ± 79, P = 0.015) levels were observed in n-3-FA supplemented group. Combination therapy (VD3 plus n-3 FA) significantly increased serum 25OHD (13.49 ± 4.64 to 37.09 ± 11.13 ng/mL, P < 0.001), TG levels (114.3 ± 57.3 to 139.1 ± 60.7 mg/mL, P = 0.007) and insignificantly serum leptin (6.74 ± 4.87 to 8.01 ± 6.77 ng/mL, P = 0.269).

Conclusion: Our study referred that notable elevation in leptin and TG levels might be linked to leptin resistance. However, further RCTs are required to clarify possible consequences resulted from the extensive administration of n-3FA supplements and their combinations with high doses of VD3 supplements on humans’ health.
La mise à disposition des biens de la communauté de Jérusalem et sa postérité aux trois premiers siècles du christianisme
Authors: Cornillon Jonathan
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, Jonathan Cornillon reprend l’étude historique des péricopes évoquant le modèle de solidarité matérielle mis en place dans la communauté de Jérusalem, qu’il appelle « la mise à disposition des biens », afin d’en démontrer la complexité et la valeur historique. Cette étude se prolonge par l’analyse des textes patristiques des trois premiers siècles attestant de la postérité de ce modèle, que les spécialistes ont souvent limité à une tentative éphémère n’ayant pas survécu aux premières années de la prédication chrétienne, quand il n’était pas considéré, même pour la communauté de Jérusalem, comme une simple idéalisation apologétique.