bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bollard Force Study Based on Vibration Frequency Method
Authors: Zhou Zhibo , Liu Haicheng , Zhang Pu , Chen Songgui , Chen Hanbao , Zhu Yingtao
Published: June 2024

Existing bollard force measurement methods have not yet been able to realise simple, accurate, and efficient measurements of the bollard force of a single ship’s cable. In this paper, an experimental study on the measurement of ship bollard force is carried out with reference to the calculation method of measuring the cable force of a diagonal cable. Based on the fundamental frequency method and the frequency difference method, a new comprehensive method is proposed to detect the fundamental frequency of cable vibration. A study on the identification of the cable condition based on the measured vibration data is also carried out. Experimental studies on the error rate of different data acquisition positions, excitation methods, excitation positions, wetted cables, different temperatures, and other influencing factors were conducted, and a new excitation method based on environmental excitation and artificial excitation was proposed. By analysing the calculated values of the vibration frequency method and the tensile values of the prototype test platform, it is concluded that the data acquisition position, excitation position, and excitation method have a small influence on the measured value of the ship’s bollard force, and the range of the error rate increases by about 1.5% under the wetting of the cable and ±2% under the low temperature (2 °C), with the integrated error range of −5% to 4%, and the error rate can satisfy the normal distribution well, and the measurement accuracy is corrected by correcting the length of the cable. The measurement accuracy is corrected by correcting the cable length. It is proved that the method has strong feasibility and applicability, and can effectively realise simple, accurate, and efficient measurement of ship bollard force.
Development of modern diagnostic methods automotive equipment
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian State University of Agriculture named after K. A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Kataev A. V.
Published: June 2024

The ways of achieving the results of various diagnostic methods at diff erent stages of technology development are considered — from the level of the fi rst tractors and combines to modern unmanned complexes. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the design features and methods for determining the technical condition were considered; a practical analysis of diagnostic methods at diff erent levels was presented using the example of agricultural and truck equipment. It is proved that, despite the availability of all modern technologies, techniques and tools for determining the technical condition, specialists need to resort to various methods, including organoleptic examination, which implies the use of only accumulated experience.
Stationary milking conveyor MCT-50
Authors:   NPF ", Teslenko I. ,   Jurak", Teslenko I. ,   NPF "Jurak", Teslenko I. ,   NPF "Jurak"
Published: June 2024

The examples of the using of developments of domestic scientists are given in the article. The characteristic of stationary milking conveyor is given. The advantage of conveyor-line milking installations in comparison with the installations, where the milking machine tools are fi xed, is shown. It is noted, that the conveyor-line technologies of feeding and milking are energy-saving and serve as production-engineering base for creating the automated farms.
Marketing approach in the organization of repair enterprises on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   FGBU FNCC ISM, Kostomakhin M. N. , Khismetov N. Z. ,   NGO"Agroservice"
Published: June 2024

In the market conditions of production, almost all repair and maintenance enterprises of the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as ROP) faced the problem of survival and the need for reform to ensure successful operation in the new business environment. The eff ectiveness of the organization of repair production is expressed in increasing labor productivity, improving the use of fi xed assets, improving the quality of products, as well as an increase in demand for technical services due to the quality, price and duration of repairs satisfying the consumer. To achieve these goals, each ROP needs, first of all, to analyze the position of the enterprise in the market, on the basis of which it is possible to identify key internal and external problems of the enterprise and ways to overcome them.
Occupational safety during operation, maintenance and repair of machinery
Authors:   FGBU FNCC ISM, Filippova E. M. , Ivleva I. B. ,   FGBU FNCC ISM, Kostomakhin M. N. ,   FGBU FNCC ISM
Published: June 2024

In article safety of working conditions of workers country, farms is shown at op-eration of agricultural cars and the equipment on various often carried out works in ag-riculture and animal industries, at maintenance service and operating repair of main-tained technics, and also at an emergency, on fi re safety, maintenance with means of in-dividual defense and tool control of working conditions.
Avaliação da inteligência: consensos e dissensos de uma prática centenária
Authors: França Thadeu Henrique Guerra , Borges Roselania Francisconi
Published: June 2024

O uso de testes psicométricos foi largamente difundido no Brasil nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A partir de 1980 a mensuração ou classificação do desenvolvimento humano passou a ser fortemente questionada e debatida, estando hoje seu uso envolto em consensos e dissensos. Este estudo objetiva compreender os pressupostos teóricos que embasam as práticas de aferição da inteligência, bem como sua utilização. Esta pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico e qualitativo desenvolvida com fontes primárias e secundárias que oferecem reflexões sobre as possíveis motivações para persistência do uso de tais instrumentos na contemporaneidade. Com a evolução dos múltiplos conceitos de inteligência, sua avaliação também necessita de modificações, sendo a psicometria ímpar e ineficiente para abarcar a completude avaliativa, por seu caráter segregador e excludente. Sendo assim, necessita-se que novos modelos avaliativos sejam aprimorados para que estes não excluam o meio social que o sujeito habita, bem como que abarquem em seus processos os condicionantes sócio-históricos que perpassam os instrumentos de avaliação e a própria condição de inteligibilidade humana.
Pengaruh Net Premium Growth Ratio, Solvency Margin Ratio, Underwriting Ratio, dan Investment Yield Ratio Terhadap Return On Equity
Authors: Sari Juliani Lisma
Published: June 2024

This research is a study conducted to analyze the effect of the Net Premium Growth Ratio, Solvency Margin Ratio, Underwriting Ratio, and Investment Yield Ratio on Return on Equity in General Insurance Companies Registered in the Indonesian Insurance Directory for the 2018-2022 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data sources obtained from company financial reports issued by each company. The sampling technique in this study was to use purposive sampling so that 20 companies were selected based on the sample criteria. This research is a quantitative research using panel data regression analysis method with the help of eviews 10. The results showed that the Net Premium Growth Ratio and Underwriting Ratio had no and significant effect on Return on Equity, Solvency Margin Ratio and Investment Yield Ratio had a significant negative effect on Return on Equity.
Effects of Bees and Bee Products on Human and Anımal Health
Authors: Gültekin Emine
Published: June 2024

One of the creatures that are beneficial to nature and humans is bees. In addition to
their production in their life cycle, they ensure their nutrition, the nutrition of their offspring, and
the protection of their hives. As a result of these purposes, they create valuable products. The
importance of bee products is better understood when natural nutrition is considered. Bees and
bee products have been used for therapeutic purposes in the past. This rapidly developing method,
now called Apitherapy, has been accepted in the medical world as it is based on the results of
scientific research and supports modern medicine. Honey bee products such as honey, pollen,
royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, and bee bread are widely used in human and animal health.
Information about some properties of honey and bee products and their effects on health are
compiled and conveyed in this review.
Prison educators in the shadow of prison rules
Authors: Torrente Giovanni
Published: June 2024

The essay presents the findings of a research study that investigated the legal and professional culture of prison officers responsible for supporting and rehabilitating inmates. The professional roles of educators, social workers, and experts in psychology and criminology were introduced into the Italian prison system following the reform of 1975 and subsequent amendments. Nearly 50 years after the reform came into effect, numerous questions remain open regarding the impact within the Italian prison system. Specifically, the research sought to determine to what extent these experts have influenced the professional culture and the culture of punishment among prison actors in Italy. Furthermore, more generally, the study questioned the impact of these roles on Italian prison practices. The results stem from three distinct periods of direct and participant observation during which the researcher served as a prison educator at a Northern Italian prison. The qualitative data collected suggest that treatment officers have only partially influenced the professional culture of other prison actors. Moreover, there appeared to be limited ability to alter the daily practices of the prison. Instead, these officers seem to have been profoundly influenced by the prison environment, which has facilitated the development of at least three critical issues addressed in the text: bureaucratization, defensive behaviour, and adherence to a punitive culture.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi dan Intensi untuk Menjadi Akuntan yang Profesional dan Berkualitas: Studi Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
Authors: Mukti Aloysius Harry , Windiarti Nabilah Putri , Maharani Agatha , Nafila Sevina Ghina , Rizantha Aditya Muhammad Rafly , Hidayat Muhammad Faiz
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This research aims to study accounting students at Bhayangkara University Jakarta Raya regarding their perceptions of the accounting profession, their level of fortitude, and the need for financial assistance, and whether these factors significantly influence them to become professionally qualified accountants.
Methodology/approach: This study was conducted using a questionnaire prepared based on seven independent variables, which were then distributed to accounting students. The sample in this study comprised 65 students from the accounting study program at Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya.
Results: The results showed that salary, prestige or status, opportunities for advancement, and advice received did not affect students' intentions to pursue professional qualifications. At the same time, the variables of job security and stability, financial assistance, and personality fortitude had a significant influence on students’ intention to pursue professional qualifications.
Limitation: The number of samplings that do not represent all populations needs to be carefully determined.
Contribution: This study contributes to several aspects (1). This was the first study to explore the intentions of students at Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya (2). This research was a pre-observation of the intention of career pursuit for students in accounting majors.
Peran Komitmen Organisasi dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Inspektorat Kabupaten Pelalawan
Authors: Rubina Rubina , Seswandi Agus , Zargustin Dedi
Published: June 2024

Purpose: his study aimed to determine the effect of competency on employee performance in the Pelalawan district inspectorate and the role of organizational commitment in mediating the relationship between these two variables.
Methodology/approach: This research is quantitative research that uses cross-sectional techniques. The population in this study was Pelalawan Regency Inspectorate Employees, totaling 83 people, using total sampling. Statistical data analysis using the Smart PLS program
Results: The results indicate that Competency and Organizational Commitment have a direct and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Pelalawan Regency Inspectorate. In addition, competency has a significant direct effect on employees’ organizational commitment at the Pelalawan Regency Inspectorate. Organizational Commitment is also considered capable of mediating the relationship between Competency and Employee Performance at the Pelalawan Regency Inspectorate
Limitations: This research was only carried out at the Pelalawan Regency inspectorate which is a government institution so it cannot be generalized to private companies
Contribution: This study can contribute to readers and anyone who wants to conduct research on organizational competence and commitment to employee performance in government institutions.
Novelty: This research uses organizational commitment as a mediating variable in determining the relationship between competency and employee performance.
Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Aguir Dr. Sameh , Rezigui Dr. Sameh , Nasri Pr. Wafa , Chokri Pr. Abdellatif , Triki Pr. Hiba , Mansour Pr. Lamia
Published: June 2024

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetic disorder affecting enamel development affecting its structure and clinical appearance. It can affect both primary and/or permanent teeth and may be linked with nephrocalcinosis. Autosomal dominant inheritance is the main transmission mode of AI, but autosomal recessive, X-linked can also occur in some cases. AI is a serious condition that can result in reduced oral health-related quality of life and causes some psychological disturbance This article presents a case report of a partially edentulous patient with amelogenesis imperfecta along with its features.
USO DE ANESTÉSICOS EM FACECTOMIAS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS TÉCNICAS E RESULTADOS CLÍNICOS
Authors: Nascimento Luccas Fernandes , Gonçalves Bruno Marinho , Barbosa Leandro Barroso , Fiterman Raul Dias , Leite Ciro Melo , Barreto Laís Cardozo , Pereira Daniela Guido , Soares Francine Suely de Oliveira , Moura Humberto Wérneck Araújo , Bacco Luigi Alcântara , Dias Milena da Nóbrega , Bezerra Rebeca Alves , Damasceno Jullyanne Ester Silva
Published: June 2024

A facectomia, também conhecida como cirurgia de catarata, é um procedimento oftalmológico amplamente realizado para remover o cristalino opaco do olho e substituí-lo por uma lente intraocular artificial. Portanto, a análise das diferentes técnicas anestésicas, como anestesia local, sedação consciente e anestesia geral, é fundamental para determinar a abordagem mais adequada e otimizar os resultados clínicos e a experiência do paciente. Objetivo: Investigar e comparar os diferentes métodos anestésicos utilizados durante a cirurgia de facectomia, analisando seus efeitos sobre a segurança, eficácia e recuperação dos pacientes. Metodologia:  Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Cochrane, Scielo e Medline, buscando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2018 e 2024, nos idiomas Português ou Inglês. Considerações Finais: A anestesia local com sedação consciente é preferível devido à sua eficácia, segurança e recuperação rápida dos pacientes. Comparada à anestesia geral, a anestesia local apresentou menor incidência de complicações e dor pós-operatória, além de ser mais econômica. Pacientes submetidos a esta técnica relataram alta satisfação. Portanto, recomenda-se a anestesia local como abordagem padrão, exceto em casos específicos que exigem anestesia geral, visando otimizar os resultados clínicos e a experiência do paciente.
The Jewish town in Eastern Europe and its impact on the literary works of Judah Steinberg
Authors:   University of Baghdad, College of Languages, Department of Hebrew, Baghdad, Iraq, Ali Baydaa Abbas
Published: June 2024

Yehuda Steinberg is a Russian writer who drew his culture and education from Eastern Europe's neighborhood and village atmosphere, especially in Russia. He spent his life traveling between the forests and mountains of Besravia, Where the scenic landscape affected him greatly. It is evident clearly in most of his stories when he describes the mountain, alleys, lake, and forest. Most readers think for the first time that these stories are nothing but programs to describe nature. Steinberg attempted to link the surroundings with his political and literary tendency. Even though he had never been to Palestine, it was observed that he glorified Palestine in some of the chapters and paragraphs of his stories. It was a predominant phenomenon of all Jewish writers despite they were not born and raised in it. The main purpose was their Zionist ideas and tendencies pushed them to sing about that land so that their literary productions can be a means to convince their readers of the idea of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. הקדמה: בעבודת המחקר הזה התעניינתי בנושא כל כך חשוב, איך שטיינברג משקיף את חייו בעיירה היהודית במזרח אירופה בסיפוריו. רוב יצירותיו הספרותיות היו בעלי אופי כפרי, הוא מתאר בהן את הטבע ומזג האוויר שם. כל המבקרים הספרותיים, מתייחסים לזיקתו של שטיינברג ואהבתו לארץ ישראל היעודה, ואיך הוא משקיף את זיקתו הזאת ביצירותיו הידועות. שטיינברג כתב נובלות רבות שהתעניינו בתחומים רבים, וביחוד בנובלה הריאליסטית. אך כמה מהן עשקו בשאלת העיירה היהודית במזרח אירופית, ואיך היו החיים שם, וחייהם המיוחדים של היהודים וסבלנותיהם ממצב המיוחד שבעיירה היהודים. שטיינברג משקיף את מחשבותיו דרך גיבורי סיפוריו. הוא התעניין בתחום כל כך חשוב, שהוא ספרות הילדים: במשליו המצטיינים במיזוג בין תמימות אגדית וחריפות מדרשית. הוא התעניין בתחום כל כך חשוב, שהוא ספרות הילדים: במשליו המצטיינים במיזוג בין תמימות אגדית וחריפות מדרשית; בסיפורי הווי מחיי ילדים יהודים, ובאגדות המשלבות מוטיבים מן ההיסטוריה היהודית עם פלאי דמיון מופלגים. מראות הטבע היפים והצנועים שבבסרביה השפיעו השפעה גדולה על רוח שטיינברג, רוח שדותיה עולה מכל סיפוריו לילדים ואגדותיו, ותמונות חייה הכפריים מותחים חוט של חן מיוחד על כל מה שכתב. כמה פעמים היה מביט בכליון נפש לעבר הנהר, אל הרי מולדיו הבהירים, העוטים חורשות קטנות וערפלי תכלת טהורים תלויים עליהם תמיד כסוכת שלום, ולבבו הומה לעולמות רחוקים ויפים, הרחק הרחק מן העירה ומחנוניה ומסוחריה ומחיי-החול, השוררים שם תמיד מצאת השנה ועד אחרית השנה.
Traceability and control as levers to prevent leakage from legal circulation when legalizing medical cannabis
Authors: Gruzieva Tetiana S. , Кorchevnyy Andrii I. , Palii Maksym V. , Diachenko Karina O. , Korolenko Volodymyr V.
Published: June 2024

Aim: To reveal traceability and control as levers to prevent leakage from legal circulation when legalizing medical cannabis.
Materials and Methods: The methodological basis of this research work is based on a systematic approach. Methods of structural and logical analysis, bibliosemantic, abstraction and generalization were used in this article.
Results: The analysis of the regulatory framework and regulatory initiatives in the field of circulation of narcotic drugs, in particular, cannabis (in total 56 documents) demonstrated repeated attempts to reform it in Ukraine in order to increase the availability and efficiency of medical and pharmaceutical services. Recently adopted law on the legalization of medical cannabis pays special attention to the traceability of the circulation of medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicines (CbMs) by digitalization and creation of the appropriate electronic information system.
Conclusions: With the adoption of the law on the legalization of medical cannabis Ukraine became the 57th country in the world to legalize such cannabis. The study and analysis of the regulatory framework of Ukraine, taking into account the best world practices, showed that the legalization of medical cannabis will allow for providing more effective care to many patients including wounded defenders.
Evaluation of cardiovascular complaints in higher education students experiencing elevated level of situational anxiety during the martial law and peacetime
Authors: Korost Yaroslava V. , Shkvarok Anastasiia K. , Pekhenko Valentyna S. , Turchak Daria V. , Kędrak Magdalena , Jurczak Paweł
Published: June 2024

Aim: To calculate the average score of situational anxiety level and compare the risk of developing cardiovascular complaints in higher education students from the country in the martial law and the country in peacetime according to the respondents’ level of situational anxiety. To analyze the impact of place of residence on the frequency of complaints among students with an elevated level of situational anxiety in both countries.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive and inferential statistics: cluster method, qualitative analysis method; exploratory observational analytical short-term case-control study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [1] questionnaire was used to calculate the situational anxiety level indicator. Calculations were conducted using Excel and MedStat software.
Results: The research results demonstrated higher level of situational anxiety among students who belonged to higher educational institutions in the country under the martial law. The odds ratio is 0,42 (95% CІ 0,27-0,66), indicating that the elevated level of situational anxiety was encountered more frequently in the study group compared to the control group of students.
Conclusions: The average score of situational anxiety level was found to be higher among students from a country where the martial law has been implemented. The presence of the martial law in the country was identified as a factor associated with an increased risk of complaints from the cardiovascular system among students. The risk of developing cardiovascular complaints in the context of elevated situational anxiety is confirmed.
Modern educational needs of specialists in the public health system
Authors: Gruzieva Tetiana S. , Hrechyshkina Nataliia V. , Inshakova Hanna V. , Soroka Ivan M.
Published: June 2024

Aim: Studying the opinion of public health system workers (emlpoyees) regarding existing educational problems and needs in the context of continuous professional development.
Materials and Methods: Bibliosemantic, medical-statistical, sociological methods are used in the study. The research program provided for conducting sociological surveys of public health specialists in different regions of the country regarding the establishment of priority training topics for public health specialists; preferred methods of learning; barriers to access to education, etc. The scientific base of the research the regional centers for disease control and prevention have become. Statistical processing and mathematical analysis of materials was carried out using methods of statistical analysis.
Results: The research has found that the priority topics of training for public health specialists are issues of epidemiology (which were indicated as very important by 67.7±3.7 and as important by 22.0±3.2 per 100 respondents); emergency and disaster management (67.7±3.7 and 31.1±3.6 per 100 respondents), quality and safety (53.0±3.9 and 38.4±3.8), practices based on on evidence (42.1±3.9 and 45.7±3.9) eHealth and digitalization (40.2±3.8 and 38.4±3.8), statistics (38.4±3.8 and 51 ,2±3.9), research methodology (32.9±3.7 and 51.2±3.9) and research ethics (12.8±2.6 and 67.7±3.7, respectively). Webinars (62.2±3.8 per 100 respondents) and online training (60.4±3.8), classroom (42.1±3.9) and hybrid (40.2±3.8) were identified as preferred forms. teaching. The obstacles to the continuous professional development of public health specialists are a lack of time and a lack of finances, a lack of information about desired training programs, their regulations, insufficient support from management, military aggression and the problems caused by it, etc.
Conclusions: The priority topics of training for public health specialists, preferred methods of training and barriers to access to training determined in the course of the study are the basis for improving the organization of continuous professional development of employees of public health centers.
Current challenges in the healthcare sector and respective response measures
Authors: Меlnychenko Oleksandr A. , Ovcharova Zhanna M.
Published: June 2024

Aim: To improve the classification of current challenges in the healthcare sector and specify the areas of appropriate response measures.
Materials and Methods: The work uses a systematic approach that enables the analysis of the study of individual challenges in the field of healthcare. The following scientific methods were used: analysis; dialectic; specification.
Conclusions: The classification of current challenges and mechanisms for responding to them in the field of healthcare has been improved according. Each of these areas of response to healthcare challenges is to some extent interrelated and therefore has a synergistic effect.
MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN RADIKALISME PENAFSIRAN AL QUR’AN DALAM PERSPEKTIF: PENDEKATAN MULTIKULTURAL DAN DIALOGIS
Authors: Akib Moh.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the challenges of radicalism in the interpretation of the Koran and presents a multicultural and dialogical approach as an effective solution. Radicalism in religious interpretation often results in social tension and conflict between groups. In the Islamic context, the Koran is often misused to justify radical actions that are contrary to human values and tolerance. The multicultural approach emphasizes the importance of respecting diversity in understanding religion and culture, while the dialogic approach encourages dialogue between various groups to achieve a deeper and more inclusive understanding. This article analyzes how applying this approach can help overcome radicalism and promote social harmony and a more accurate understanding of the teachings of the Qur'an. Through this discussion, it is hoped that a broader understanding will emerge about the importance of a multicultural and dialogical approach in responding to the challenges of radicalism in the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an.
Gjuha Pamore - Pjesa e Parë
Authors:   POLIS University, Qëndro Gëzim
Published: June 2024

Një nga detyrat e gjuhës pamore është përcaktimi i njësive themelore si rajone tipologjike të grupuara në fusha forcash. Gjuha pamore, si gjuhë jo-verbale dhe si formë paraqitje dhe komunikimi ekziston qysh prej agut të historisë, por interesi për të mjerisht nuk është shoqëruar nga përpjekjet e mjaftueshme për të analizuar strukturën e brendshme në mënyrë sistematike.
KËRKIME MBI TEKNIKAT BASHKËKOHORE PËR PËRFORCIMIN E NDËRTESAVE ME MURATURË
Authors:   POLIS University, Guri Merita
Published: June 2024

Ndërtesat me muraturë zënë një vend të konsiderueshëm në ndërtimet e vendit tonë. Ato janë ndërtuar në periudha të ndryshme kohore por kryesisht përpara vitit 1990. Klasifikimi kryesor i ndërtësave në bazë të kohës së ndërtimit karakterizohet nga filozofia e kohës, karakteristikat dhe metodologjia, kodet prezente të projektimit, teknikat e ndërtimit dhe materialet e përdorura. Gjatë periudhës së shfrytëzimit të tyre ato kanë pësuar dëmtime të ndryshme për shkak: a) të ndryshimeve në përdorimin e strukturës; b) degradimit të strukturës; c) ngarkesave sizmike; d) fenomeneve të bazamentit; e) kushteve agresive atmosferike, korrozioni; f) ngjarjeve aksidentale; g) gabime në projektim e zbatim etj. Për këtë arsye një pjesë e konsiderueshme e këtyre strukturave nuk plotësojnë kërkesat e shfrytëzimit dhe kushteve të reja teknike, prandaj ato duhen vlerësuar dhe përforcuar.
Planifikimi Urban. Volumi 1
Authors:   POLIS University, Aliaj Besnik
Published: June 2024

Planifikimi urban apo rajonal mund të përcaktohet si një përpjekje e bashkërenduar e autoriteteve publike për të orientuar zhvillimin e tokës në interes të mirëqënies së përbashkët dhe eficencës ekonomike. Tashmë ai përdoret pothuajse në të gjitha vendet e botës duke u konsideruar si një mjet efikas si në vendet e zhvilluara ashtu dhe ato në zhvillim, si nga shoqëritë kapitaliste ashtu edhe nga ato socialiste. Është e rëndësishme që në fillim të theksojmë se objekti i kësaj analize mbi evolucionin e planeve urbanistike, së pari përbëhet nga struktura që ka dominuar instrumentat urbanistike në periudha të ndryshme. Në mënyrë të qëllimshme janë përjashtuar rastet e veçanta, edhe pse mund të jenë tepër sinjifikative, me qëllim që të hidhet dritë mbi karakteristikat e përgjithshme të çdo lloj plani. Ndërkohë, referimi qoftë edhe pjesor ndaj rasteve të veçanta, të cilat janë mjaft të larmishme, nuk do të krijonte mundësi që të ekspozoheshin idetë kryesore të planifikimit brenda hapësirës që lejon ky libër. Kjo ka sjellë në mënyrë të pashmangshme përgjithësimin në mënyrë skematike të ideve.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Hurzhyi Polina
Published: June 2024

Purpose. The aim of the article is to generalize the tools for evaluating the effectiveness of health care institutions and develop theoretical and methodological recommendations for their application in order to develop sound management decisions for their successful functioning.

Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the research process: theoretical generalization, induction and deduction, abstraction – to determine the conceptual basis of the economic analysis of the activity of health care institutions and methodical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of their functioning; generalization – for formulating definitions of medical, social and economic efficiency and conclusions based on research results.

Findings. The essence of medical, social and economic efficiency is revealed and the indicators used to evaluate them are determined. The necessity of carrying out an economic analysis of the activity of health care institutions is substantiated and its conceptual principles are established (purpose, tasks, methods, types, sources of information and organizational stages of its implementation). Indicators of the effectiveness of the medical institution as a whole and by the used resources (labour, material, financial) were determined. Specific methods of analysis of alternative methods of action of a medical facility are presented (cost minimization method, “cost-effectiveness” method, “cost-benefit” method, “cost-utility” method).

Originality. The theoretical and methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of the health care institution have gained further development.

Practical value. The system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of health care institutions, substantiated by the results of the research, can be used to develop directions for improving their functioning in the market of medical services.
Key words: efficiency, evaluation, health care facility, material resources, labour resources, financial resources, economic analysis.
GROWING ORGANIC COTTON WITH BOMS
Authors:   Researcher of Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Rakhimova D.
Published: June 2024

It is scientifically proven that when Bomsorganic preparation was applied to the soil at the rate of 300-600 kg/ha before sowing and when cotton was cultivated for without mineral fertilizers, 40.7-41.8 c/ha of cotton can be grown
LITERARY IMPACTS OF DOCTRINES “JUST WAR AND JIHAD” IN THE CIVILIZATION MOVEMENT
Authors:   English Language Department, AlToosi University, Iraq, Alkhafaji Hameed Abdulameer Hameed
Published: June 2024

The movement of civilization over the ages includes several fields of knowledge related to cultural, religious, economic, and scientific aspects. Moreover, every civilization has different interests and targets trying to achieve them. On the other hand, the civilizations can classify to two ones: western and eastern. Then, these classifications have led to a sort of differences and then conflict resulting from the difference of directions of knowledge mentioned. So, the religions and their outputs due to disagreement on the practical lifestyle generated a vast gap among societies, especially after the era of globalization as well.Thus, the research highlights the religious doctrine of fighting others based on Islamic and Christian concepts. The paper starts highlighting the civilization and its main aspects. Then, how the difference of the fighting doctrines for Islam adopting ‘Jihad’ and Christianity adopting ‘Just War’ impacts on the attitudes of leaderships and societies as well.
SOME METHODS OF CALCULATING N-ORDER DETERMINANTS AND WAYS TO SOLVE EXAMPLES RELATED TO THEM
Authors:   Ph.D., Associate Professor of Navoi University of Innovations, Uzbekistan, Rozimorotovna Saidova Nilufar , Erkinovich Abdurakhmanov Ghulam ,   Teacher of Navoi University of Innovations, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2024

Certain methods used in this paper to calculate numerical determinants are computationally intensive. For certain forms of literal and numerical determinants, some methods of their calculation have been developed.
EXPLAINING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS USING IMAGES
Authors:   Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, 3rd grade student of primary education, Uzbekistan, qizi Xolmurodova Nilufar Bobomurod
Published: June 2024

This article talks about figurative work on the meanings of abstract words and abstract concepts and their illumination. Explaining difficult-to-understand words through various images will give students a wide understanding.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNAL AUDIT IMPROVEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC
Authors:   ", qizi Zokirjonova Sarvinoz Shokirjon ,   Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers",   National Research University, 3rd stage ",   Accounting and auditing",   direction, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2024

Improving internal audit processes plays a crucial role in shaping socio-economic landscapes in various sectors. This improvement has significant implications for financial integrity, fraud prevention, compliance, governance, operational efficiency, risk management, investor confidence, job creation, public trust, innovation, growth and global competitiveness. By ensuring clarity, transparency and ethical practices, improved internal audits contribute to a sustainable and prosperous economy, while building trust among stakeholders and attracting investment.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS IN PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY ACQUISITED PNEUMONIA
Authors:   Department of Otolaryngology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Republic of Uzbekistan, Jumanov Daulet A.
Published: June 2024

As world statistics show, 60% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis develop bronchopulmonary pathology. According to foreign authors, the number of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis increases annually by 1.5-2%, and today more than 2/3 of inpatients are affected by this pathology. Due to the anatomical, physiological and complementary characteristics of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, there is a tendency towards a protracted course of rhinosinusitis, which in turn leads to the spread of the infectious process to the lower respiratory tract. It should be noted that existing foci of infection in the upper respiratory tract spread to the lower respiratory tract through microaspiration after an acute respiratory illness, which is the cause of the development of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and in particular pneumonia. It should be noted that despite the efforts of a number of specialists in the treatment of penmonia, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the incidence rate, as well as, unfortunately, an increase in mortality among people of various age groups.
BASIC TEACHING OF BRYOPHYTA, THE DIVISION OF ALGAE IN BOTANY TO BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Authors:   Researcher at the Department of ", Xusanovich Saidmuratov Shoxid ,   Botany and Ecology",   at Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi, Uzbekistan, Gulsevar Obidjonova ,   Student at biology education at Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Uzbekistan, Shokirovna Mamarajabova Nodira ,   Student at biology education at Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2024

This article includes an analysis of the organization of a lesson in botany based on Bloom's taxonomy, the botanical descriptions of lichens, the interpretation of objects through pictures, and the innovative approach of describing them. In addition, the goals of the subject were achieved by providing non-standard training sessions. Therefore, it is the duty of every professor-teacher to make fundamental changes in the process of education and upbringing and to work in harmony with the achievements of science. If the result of the lesson he gives is based on new pedagogical technologies, the student's mastery of the field will increase even more. Therefore, in the era of globalization and digitization, the innovative approach is of great importance in the education system of our country. In fact, effective organization of the lesson is achieved based on this approach. The content of education is covered in curricula and programs, textbooks, etc. Various methods, tools, organizational systems and forms (lecture, conversation, experiments, use of visual aids, observation, exercise, etc.) are used to achieve the goal set in education. Wide use of technical means (film, television, radio, computer, projector, etc.) in the educational process greatly helps to develop the educational method.
METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING SKILL IN TEACHING TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF WIKI-TECHNOLOGIES IN IT
Authors:   Fergana State University, Teacher of the Department of Applied English, PhD student of 13.00.01 Pedagogical theory and history of pedagogical, Uzbekistan, qizi Qodirova Nargiza Abdusalom
Published: June 2024

This article recommends the methods of developing English as a foreign language, one of the main language skills -speaking skills using wiki technologies for students of technical universities. It is based on scientific facts that this method is equally useful for students of technical higher education institution and pedagogues of English language. In the process of writing the article, the author approaches mainly from the perspective of a teacher-pedagogue, and gives instructions on how and for what purpose to use wiki-technologies in the course of the lesson. In order to make the text of the article more understandable, emphasis is placed on what wiki technology actually is and how important its role is in the field of education. It also provides a brief overview of English-speaking skills and their level of difficulty, the benefits of teaching speaking skills to students, and how this skill is taught effectively. In the article, special attention is given and explained to what the pedagogue should emphasize more in the process of teaching, the importance of time, the primary and secondary factors in the process of teaching speaking skills. Some of the wiki-technologies that develop speaking skills are named in the article and their function is explained separately.
ALGORITHMIC LINE IN TRAINING FOR THE FORMATION OF ALGORITHMIC COMPETENCE IN FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Senior teacher of KSPI, Uzbekistan, Akhmedova N.M.
Published: June 2024

The article outlines the algorithmic line in training and provides the main directions. And the sequence of tasksof the algorithmic line in teaching mathematics, native language and natural sciences in the training of future primary school teachers has also been determined.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSLATION SEMANTOGRAPHY IN INTERPRETER TRAINING
Authors:   PhD., Associate Professor, Head of the Department, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Ismatullayeva Nargiza Rasuljanovna
Published: June 2024

This article aims to elucidate the fundamental nature, characteristics, and practical implementation of a rapid writing technique that utilizes symbols and abbreviations. This method is intended to streamline the job of interpreters. The rapidwriting technique in translation has been extensively examined by numerous international translation scholars, leading to the development of various translation symbol systems. However, this particular topic has not been explored within the field of translation studies in our country.
CONCEPTUAL ELEMENTS OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Authors:   An independent researcher of the Scientific Research Institute of Pedagogical Sciences of Uzbekistan named after Qori Niyozi,Uzbekistan, Rakhmatullaeva Nodira B.
Published: June 2024

The article reflects on approaches to corporate governance. Also, the organizational and economic mechanism of corporate governance is considered a conceptual model of theoretical-methodological significance, the elements of which are mentioned.
SOME ASPECTS IN IMPROVING SELF-DEVELOPMENT COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE PRIMARY CLASS TEACHERS
Authors:   Researcher of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Baymatova Gulnoza O.
Published: June 2024

In the pedagogical literature you can find a description of a large number of methods that allow you to achieve almost any goal. There are so many methods and especially their various versions (modifications) that have been accumulated that only their ordering and classification helps to choose those adequate to the goals and real circumstances. Classification of methods is a system of methods built on a certain basis. It helps to discover in methods the general and the specific, the essential and the accidental, the theoretical and the practical, and thereby contributes to their informed choice and the most effective application. Based on the classification, the teacher not only clearly understands the system of methods, but also better understands the purpose, characteristic features of various methods and their modifications.
THE IMPORTANCE OF OUR GREAT ALMS IN DIRECTING STUDENTS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TO THE PROFESSION
Authors:   Head of the Department of vocational guidance of students of the Ministry of preschool and school education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Mamadaliyev Abdikamal
Published: June 2024

The article describes the conceptual foundations of career guidance of students, the opinions and opinions of our great experts on career guidance, taking into account the current state of formation of skills of general secondary education students.
VARIABLE APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION AT A HIGHER INSTITUTION
Authors:   Associate Professor, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Akramov Shukhrat
Published: June 2024

Variable approach to foreign language teaching aims to develop the secondary language personality of future specialists, ensures professionally oriented research, individualizes the training process and encourages students to self-train in foreign languages. It is necessary to create a diverse educational space, an individual learning path. Applying a variable approach in a higher education institution will focus on the language skills, personal and professional interests, cognitive learning styles and psychological characteristics of students, it will improve foreign language learning motivation and ensure better language training for future professionals.
BUILDING PERFORMANCE SKILLS OF MUSIC TEACHERS ON FOLK INSTRUMENTS
Authors:   Department of “Music theory and methodology”, Senior Lecturer, PhD, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Uzbekistan, Botirov Yuldoshali
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes some aspects of the formation of performance skills of music teachers in folk instruments. In relation to this issue, the works carried out in recent years, including the regulatory legal bases, have been studied.
THE MODERN TERM "GENDER" AND THE PROBLEMS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE ORIENTATION OF ADOLESCENTS TO MAKE INDEPENDENT DECISIONS
Authors:   2nd year doctoral student, Research Institute of Pedagogical Sciences of Uzbekistan named after Qori Niyozi, Uzbekistan, Khakimova Barno M.
Published: June 2024

The implementation of the gender approach in teaching adolescents and the impact of gender on their autonomous decision-making skills are discussed in the article. Some steps of making decisions and their role in the process of orienting schoolchildren in future life are mentioned as well.
TEACHING FUTURE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS BASED ON A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH
Authors:   Senior teacher of Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Atabekovich Koshnazarov Rasul
Published: June 2024

Principles of teaching (didactic principles) are the basic (general, guiding) provisions that determine the content, organizational forms and methods of the educational process in accordance with its goals and laws. Such guidelines characterize the ways in which laws and regulations can be used in accordance with intended purposes. The principles of teaching, by their origin, are a theoretical generalization of pedagogical practice. They are objective in nature, arise from practical experience, and therefore are guidelines that regulate activities in the process of teaching people. The principles cover all aspects of the learning process. At the same time, they are subjective in nature, since they are reflected in the teacher’s consciousness in different ways, with varying degrees of completeness and accuracy.
Touches to the History of the Bulgarian Archives in the Totalitarian Period (According to Data from Special File No. 6431/87)
Authors: Pendzhekova-Hristeva Rusalena
Published: June 2024

The study presents newly discovered documentary evidence about the history and organization of the Bulgarian archives during the totalitarian period. The object of the study is special file No. 6431/87 of the Main Directorate of Archives at the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, currently stored in the Аrchive of the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Army. The documents contained in the case have been analyzed and presented in a source-oriented aspect, namely: the guiding materials (part I), the operational materials (part II) and the informational and other materials (parts III and IV). The mentioned documentary information supplements, to a certain extent, the information about the processes of integrating the state archives into the institutional structure of the totalitarian state. More specifically, according to data from the special file, the questions about: the status, tasks and functions of the security and regime officer in the Main Directorate of Archives are affected; the protection of the state and official secret in the state archives; the acquisition of personal papers in a archive, and the seizure of archival documents kept by citizens; the access of foreigners to archival documents; the search for Bulgarian documents abroad; the ideologization and politicization of archives, etc.