bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, 12-Month Prognosis, and Clinical Management Need of Depression in Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kuhlmann Stella L. , Arolt Volker , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Martus Peter , Ströhle Andreas , Waltenberger Johannes , Rieckmann Nina , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline
Published: August 2019

Background: Screening for depression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. There is limited data on the actual depression management need in routine care. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, treatment rates, prognosis, and management need of clinical and subclinical depression in CHD patients according to the American Heart Association recommendations and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline “Depression in Adults with a Chronic Physical Health Problem”. Methods: Patients were recruited at 2 German university clinics between 2012 and 2014. Depressive disorders were assessed according to the DSM-IV and depressive symptom severity at baseline and during follow-up was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Depression management need was determined by the severity and longitudinal course of depression symptoms. Results: Of 1,024 patients (19% women), 12% had clinical depression (depressive disorder) and 45% had subclinical depression (PHQ-9 score ≥5) at baseline. Among those with clinical depression, 46% were in treatment at least once during 12 months; 26% were continuously in treatment during follow-up. Depressive disorder and depressive symptoms were significant risk factor-adjusted predictors of the 12-months mortality (adjusted HR = 3.19; 95% CI 1.32–7.69, and adjusted HR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.02–1.16, respectively). Depressive symptoms persisted in 85% of the clinically depressed and in 47% of the subclinically depressed patients. According to current recommendations, 29% of all CHD patients would require depression management within 1 year. Conclusions: There is a need for enhanced recognition, referral, and continuous and improved clinical management of depression in CHD patients.
Effect of M2 Macrophages on Injury and Apoptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Induced by Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Authors: Liu Quan , Liu Yunlong , Guan Xiaofeng , Wu Jihua , He Ziqi , Kang Juening , Tao Zhiwei , Deng Yaoliang
Published: August 2019

Background: M2 macrophages have important roles in diseases such as tumours, cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects and protective mechanism of M2 macrophages against oxidative stress injury and apoptosis induced by calcium oxalate crystals (CaOx) in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) under coculture conditions. Methods: THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into M2 macrophages by using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, IL-4 and IL-13. Morphological features were observed by microscopy. Phenotypic markers were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HK-2 cells were treated with 0.5 mg/mL CaOx crystals and co-cultured with M2 macrophages or apocynin. The viability of HK-2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of HK-2 cells was analysed using a microplate reader. The apoptosis of HK-2 cells was examined by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and mitochondrial membrane potential in HK-2 cells were detected by a fluorescence microplate reader. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of p47phox, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c, p38 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK, Akt and phospho-Akt. Results: The results of morphology, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and ELISA showed that THP-1 cells were successfully polarised to M2 macrophages. The results of co-culture suggested that M2 macrophages or apocynin significantly increased the cell viability and decreased the LDH activity and apoptosis rate after HK-2 cells were challenged with CaOx crystals. The expression of the p47phox protein and the concentration of ROS were reduced, the release of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of the Bcl-2 protein were upregulated and the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c was downregulated. The expression of the phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK increased. Under coculture conditions with M2 macrophages, the Akt protein of HK-2 cells treated with CaOx crystals was dephosphorylated, but the phosphorylated form of Akt was not reduced by apocynin. Conclusions: M2 macrophages reduced the oxidative stress injury and apoptosis of HK-2 cells by downregulating the activation of NADPH oxidase, reducing the production of ROS, inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt. We have revealed one of the possible mechanisms by which M2 macrophages reduce the formation of kidney stones.
Altered Renal Vascular Responsiveness to Vasoactive Agents in Rats with Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Vacková Šárka , Kikerlová Soňa , Melenovsky Vojtěch , Kolář František , Imig John D. , Kompanowska-Jezierska Elzbieta , Sadowski Janusz , Červenka Luděk
Published: August 2019

Objective: We evaluated the hypothesis that the development of renal dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by volume overload in rats with angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension is associated with altered renal vascular responsiveness to ANG II and to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Methods: Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGRs) were used as a model of ANG II-dependent hypertension. CHF was induced by volume overload achieved by the creation of the aorto-caval fistula (ACF). Renal blood flow (RBF) responses were determined to renal arterial administration of ANG II, native 11,12-EET, an analog of 14,15-EETs (EET-A), norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (Ach) and bradykinin (Bk) in healthy (i.e., sham-operated) TGR and ACF TGR (5 weeks after ACF creation). Results: Selective intrarenal administration of neither vasoactive drug altered mean arterial pressure in any group. Administration of ANG II caused greater decreases in RBF in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR, whereas after administration of NE the respective decreases were comparable in the 2 groups. Administration of Ach and Bk elicited significantly higher RBF increases in ACF TGR as compared with sham-operated TGR. In contrast, administration of 11,12-EET and EET-A caused significantly smaller RBF increases in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR. Conclusion: The findings show that 5 weeks after creation of ACF, the TGR exhibit exaggerated renal vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II and reduced renal vasodilatory responses to EETs, suggesting that both these alterations might play an important role in the development of renal dysfunction in this model of CHF.
Seven-Day Salt Loading Impairs Microvascular Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation without Changes in Blood Pressure, Body Composition and Fluid Status in Healthy Young Humans
Authors: Barić Lidija , Drenjančević Ines , Matić Anita , Stupin Marko , Kolar Luka , Mihaljević Zrinka , Lenasi Helena , Šerić Vatroslav , Stupin Ana
Published: August 2019

Objectives: We aimed to assess whether a 7-day high-salt (HS) diet affects endothelium-dependent and/or endothelium-independent microvascular function in the absence of changes in arterial blood pressure (BP), and to determine whether such microvascular changes are associated with changes in body composition and fluid status in healthy young humans. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three young healthy individuals (28 women and 25 men) were assigned to a 7-day low-salt diet (<3.5 g salt/day) followed by a 7-day HS diet (∼14 g salt/day). Skin microvascular blood flow in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, and BP, heart rate (HR), plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone, serum and 24 h-urine sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine levels, together with body composition and fluid status measurement with a 4-terminal portable impedance analyzer were measured before and after diet protocols. Results: BP, HR, body composition and fluid status were unchanged, and PRA and serum aldosterone level were significantly suppressed after HS diet. ACh-induced dilation (AChID) was significantly impaired, while SNP-induced dilation was not affected by HS diet. Impaired AChID and increased salt intake, as well as impaired AChID and suppressed renin-angiotensin system were significantly positively correlated. Changes in body composition and fluid status parameters were not associated with impaired AChID. Conclusion: 7-day HS diet impairs microvascular reactivity by affecting its endothelium-dependent vasodilation in young healthy individuals. Changes are independent of BP, body composition changes or fluid retention, but are the consequences of the unique effect of HS on endothelial function.
The Degree of Sex Reversal in Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) Induced by an Aromatase Inhibitor
Authors: Hu Yu-Qiong , Bai Ding-Ping , Chen Yue , Lu Zhi-Xue , Zheng Heng-Bo , Xu Fa-Qiong , Wu Yan , Zhu Ming-Xia , Li Ang
Published: August 2019

Under the same feeding conditions, the growth and development of male Muscovy ducks is significantly greater than that of females. Thus, controlling their sex expression can have economic benefits. However, reports on the degree of sex reversal in Muscovy ducks are scarce. In this study, we obtained sex-reversed Muscovy ducks by injecting letrozole before sex differentiation. We analyzed the degree of sex reversal in Muscovy ducks in terms of hormone levels, gonadal tissue development, and growth and found that the estradiol levels of AI-females (letrozole-induced female-to-male sex reversal) were not significantly different from those of normal males (p > 0.05), but the testosterone levels were significantly lower than those in normal males (p < 0.05). AI-female gonad tissue had changed, and the right gonad presented ovotestis tissue. The growth and development of AI-females was significantly less than that of normal males (p < 0.05) but was not significantly different from that of normal females (p > 0.05). Letrozole can induce female Muscovy ducks to convert into males, but the reversal cannot be completed. Thus, further studies are needed to elucidate how to entirely attain the change.
Implementation of Supervised Exercise Therapy for Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Treat-Jacobson Diane , McDermott Mary M. , Beckman Joshua A. , Burt Marsha A. , Creager Mark A. , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Gardner Andrew W. , Mays Ryan J. , Regensteiner Judith G. , Salisbury Dereck L. , Schorr Erica N. , Walsh M. Eileen ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: August 2019

Patients with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) have greater functional impairment, faster functional decline, increased rates of mobility loss, and poorer quality of life than people without PAD. Supervised exercise therapy (SET) improves walking ability, overall functional status, and health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic PAD. In 2017, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services released a National Coverage Determination (CAG-00449N) for SET programs for patients with symptomatic PAD. This advisory provides a practical guide for delivering SET programs to patients with PAD according to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services criteria. It summarizes the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services process and requirements for referral and coverage of SET and provides guidance on how to implement SET for patients with PAD, including the SET protocol, options for outcome measurement, and transition to home-based exercise. This advisory is based on the guidelines established by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for Medicare beneficiaries in the United States and is intended to assist clinicians and administrators who are implementing SET programs for patients with PAD.
Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Svedberg Niclas , Sundström Johan , James Stefan , Hållmarker Ulf , Hambraeus Kristina , Andersen Kasper
Published: August 2019

Background:

Studies have revealed a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation among well-trained athletes. We aim to investigate associations of endurance training with incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke and to establish potential sex differences of such associations in a cohort of endurance trained athletes.

Methods:

All Swedish skiers (208 654) completing 1 or more races in the 30 to 90 km cross-country skiing event Vasaloppet (1989–2011) and a matched sample (n=527 448) of nonskiers were followed until first event of atrial fibrillation or stroke. Cox regression was used to investigate associations of number of completed races and finishing time with incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke.

Results:

Female skiers in Vasaloppet had a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation than did female nonskiers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48–0.64), independent of finishing time and number of races. Male skiers had a similar incidence to that of nonskiers (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93–1.03). Skiers with the highest number of races or fastest finishing times had the highest incidence. Skiers of either sex had a lower incidence of stroke than did nonskiers (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60–0.67), independent of the number of races and finishing time. Skiers with atrial fibrillation had higher incidence of stroke than did skiers and nonskiers without atrial fibrillation (men: HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.93–2.70; women: HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.17–5.68; skiers with atrial fibrillation vs. skiers without atrial fibrillation). After diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, skiers with atrial fibrillation had a lower incidence of stroke (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91) and lower mortality compared with nonskiers with atrial fibrillation (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49–0.65).

Conclusions:

Female skiers in Vasaloppet had lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Male skiers had similar incidence of atrial fibrillation and lower risk of stroke. Men with higher number of races and faster finishing times had the highest incidence of atrial fibrillation. After diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, skiers had lower incidence of stroke and death than did nonskiers with atrial fibrillation. This indicates that although on an individual level atrial fibrillation in well-trained individuals is associated with higher incidence of stroke, on population level, risk of stroke is low and that exercise should not be avoided.
Phenotype and Risk Burden of Sleep Apnea
Authors: Bauters Fré A. , Hertegonne Katrien B. , De Buyzere Marc L. , Joos Guy F. , Chirinos Julio A. , Rietzschel Ernst R.
Published: August 2019

Sleep apnea (SA) prevalence had increased. The socioeconomic burden is significant because of healthcare-related costs and adverse outcome, especially in moderate-to-severe SA. However, the population impact is unclear, particularly for mild SA. We aimed to assess the current prevalence and the cardiovascular risk associates of SA in the general population. We performed home polygraphy and extensive clinical, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular assessment in 2205 eligible subjects from a population-based cohort. Successful polygraphy was obtained in 1809 subjects (mean age, 56.0; SD, 5.9 years; 52.3% women). The prevalence was 41.0%, 11.8%, and 6.5% for mild, moderate, and severe SA in men and 26.6%, 4.4%, and 1.2% in women. Male sex, age, increasing BMI, and snoring were independently associated with SA, whereas sleepiness or tiredness were not. Compared with those without SA, mild SA was associated with (age- and sex-adjusted OR; 95% CI): diabetes mellitus (2.40; 1.52–3.80), hypertension (1.76; 1.42–2.19), left ventricular hypertrophy (1.36; 1.03–1.79), arterial plaques (1.19; 0.94–1.52), and increased IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels (1.37; 1.10–1.72). These associations were more pronounced in moderate-to-severe SA. To conclude, SA is highly prevalent in the middle-aged general population. It is largely undetected and undetectable using a symptom-based strategy. Yet, even the large group with mild SA shows a manifestly higher metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular risk factor burden, with potential public health implications.
Differentially Expressed Proteins in Primary Endothelial Cells Derived From Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nukala Sarath Babu , Regazzoni Luca , Aldini Giancarlo , Zodda Erika , Tura-Ceide Olga , Mills Nicholas L. , Cascante Marta , Carini Marina , D’Amato Alfonsina
Published: August 2019

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the primary factors in the onset and progression of atherothrombosis resulting in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the pathological and cellular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in AMI have not been systematically studied. Protein expression profiling in combination with a protein network analysis was used by the mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification approach. This identified and quantified 2246 proteins, of which 335 were differentially regulated in coronary arterial endothelial cells from patients with AMI compared with controls. The differentially regulated protein profiles reveal the alteration of (1) metabolism of RNA, (2) platelet activation, signaling, and aggregation, (3) neutrophil degranulation, (4) metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, (5) cellular responses to stress, and (6) response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca
2+
pathways. Increased production of oxidants and decreased production of antioxidant biomarkers as well as downregulation of proteins with antioxidant properties suggests a role for oxidative stress in mediating endothelial dysfunction during AMI. In conclusion, this is the first quantitative proteomics study to evaluate the cellular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in patients with AMI. A better understanding of the endothelial proteome and pathophysiology of AMI may lead to the identification of new drug targets.
Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Yang Yuhong , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. , Jaquin Diana , Aristizabal Prada Elke Tatjana , Meyer Lucie S. , Knösel Thomas , Schneider Holger , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy Ann
Published: August 2019

Aldosterone-producing adenomas with somatic mutations in the KCNJ5 G-protein–coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel are a cause of primary aldosteronism. These mutations drive aldosterone excess, but their role in cell growth is undefined. Our objective was to determine the role of KCNJ5 mutations in adrenal cell proliferation and apoptosis. The Ki67 proliferative index was positively correlated with adenoma diameter in aldosterone-producing adenomas with a KCNJ5 mutation (
r
=0.435,
P
=0.007), a negative correlation was noted in adenomas with no mutation detected (
r
=−0.548,
P
=0.023). Human adrenocortical cell lines were established with stable expression of cumate-inducible wild-type or mutated KCNJ5. Increased cell proliferation was induced by low-level induction of KCNJ5-T158A expression compared with control cells (
P
=0.009), but increased induction ablated this difference. KCNJ5-G151R displayed no apparent proliferative effect, but KCNJ5-G151E and L168R mutations each resulted in decreased cell proliferation (difference
P
<0.0001 from control cells, both comparisons). Under conditions tested, T158A had no effect on apoptosis, but apoptosis increased with expression of G151R (
P
<0.0001), G151E (
P
=0.008), and L168R (
P
<0.0001). We generated a specific KCNJ5 monoclonal antibody which was used in immunohistochemistry to demonstrate strong KCNJ5 expression in adenomas without a
KCNJ5
mutation and in the zona glomerulosa adjacent to adenomas irrespective of genotype as well as in aldosterone-producing cell clusters. Double immunofluorescence staining for KCNJ5 and CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) showed markedly decreased KCNJ5 immunostaining in CYP11B2-positive cells compared with CYP11B2-negative cells in aldosterone-producing adenomas with a KCNJ5 mutation. Together, these findings support the concept that cell growth effects of KCNJ5 mutations are determined by the expression level of the mutated channel.
Annette Michelson Remembered
Authors: Churner Rachel , Turvey Malcolm , Bruno Giuliana , Bukatman Scott , Camporesi Enrico , Dimendberg Edward , Frodon Jean-Michel , Gitai Amos , Gornick Vivian , Jacobs Ken , Koch Gertrud , Lant Antonia , Liebman Stuart , Mangolte Babette , McCarthy Anna , Pipolo Tony , Polidori Robert , Rainer Yvonne , Taubes Ethan , Weiss Allen S. , Windhausen Federico
Published: August 2019

Nineteen scholars, writers, and friends remember Annette Michelson (1922–2018), cofounder of October. Written tributes by Giuliana Bruno, Scott Bukatman, Enrico Camporesi, Edward Dimendberg, Jean-Michel Frodon, Amos Gitai, Vivian Gornick, Gertrud Koch, Antonia Lant, Stuart Liebman, Anne McCarthy, Tony Pipolo, Robert Polidori, Yvonne Rainer, Ethan Taubes, Allen S. Weiss, and Federico Windhausen, and a series of photographs by Babette Mangolte.
Taxonomic revision of the Colombian Tityus (Archaeotityus) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) species: a morphological and morphometric approach, with a description of a new species
Authors: MORENO-GONZÁLEZ JAIRO A. , GONZÁLEZ O. RANULFO , FLÓREZ D. EDUARDO
Published: August 2019

We present a taxonomic revision of the Colombian Tityus (Archaeotityus) species based on morphological and morphometric evidence. We examined more than 385 specimens and evaluated new and previously used qualitative and quantitative morphological characters. We redescribe the Colombian species and present morphological characters for both sexes and an emended diagnosis for the subgenus Tityus (Archaeotityus). We describe a new species Tityus guane sp. nov. from Santander department, Colombia, Tityus betschi Lourenço 1992 is synonymized with Tityus parvulus Kraepelin, 1914, and Tityus wayuu Rojas-Runjaic & Armas, 2007 is synonymized with Tityus tayrona Lourenço, 1991. We measured 186 specimens and performed a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) for 34 selected morphometric ratios for each sex. We found that a few morphological ratios support species level distinctions within the Colombian species. We provide updated distributional maps with new records and an identification key for both sexes. Furthermore, we provide an updated checklist for the subgenus and a discussion about the character systems used within Tityus (Archaeotityus). The new morphological characters proposed and the traditional morphometry examined with a PCA are useful for studying Tityus (Archaeotityus) taxonomy.
The Geometry of Neutral Paths
Authors: Bennett Andrew F.
Published: August 2019

Carathéodory’s axiomatic development of thermodynamics is applied here to the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. The helicity of the differential form for the density change in an isentropic and isohaline ascent, relative to the change in the water column, does not vanish since the ratio of the thermal and haline compressibilities is a function of pressure. The form for relative density consequently lacks an integrating denominator and so there are no surfaces of constant relative density, or so-called neutral surfaces (McDougall and Jackett). As a consequence of a remarkable theorem (Carathéodory), any two points in the thermohaline state space or equivalently in the real space of the ocean are mutually accessible, in the sense that they can be joined by a neutral path. Many of the paths between any two points and possibly all may only be piecewise smooth. The theorem is supported here with analytical examples of neutral paths in state space, and a numerical example of an idealized ocean in real space, for all of which the seawater obeys a relatively simple equation of state. The existence of multiple neutral paths for pairs of close points is explicitly demonstrated. Some such neutral paths take large excursions throughout state space and throughout the ocean basin. The implications for hydrography and for ocean modeling are discussed.
Microphysical and Dynamical Effects of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors in Convective Storms Using a Bin Microphysics Model: Melting
Authors: Kacan Kevin G. , Lebo Zachary J.
Published: August 2019

The dynamics of convective systems are inherently linked to microphysical processes through phase changes that result in warming or cooling. This is especially true of near-surface cooling via evaporation and melting of falling hydrometeors. In most numerical simulations, the melting of frozen hydrometeors (e.g., hail, graupel, snow) is computed within parameterized bulk microphysics schemes, many of which lack the ability to accurately represent mixed-phase hydrometeors (i.e., partially melted ice), which can affect hydrometeor sedimentation, melting, and evaporation of shed drops. To better understand the microphysical and dynamical effects of melting in convective storms, a bin microphysics scheme was used in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for two idealized cases: a supercell storm and a squall line. Physically based predicted liquid fraction, instantaneous melting, and instantaneous shedding schemes were used to examine the role and importance of melting hydrometeors for these two storm modes. The results suggest that the amount of precipitation is dependent on the representation of melting. Moreover, the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the simulated storms are found to differ substantially between the melting scenarios, resulting in varied storm system evolution; these differences are found to be dependent on the ambient aerosol concentration, although the differences induced by changing the representation of melting generally outweigh those of changing the aerosol loading. The results highlight the large role of melting in convective storm characteristics and suggest that further model improvements are needed in the near future.
The Editor’s Note: Nowhere to go but up
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: August 2019

The 2019 PDK Poll suggests that it’s not just ordinary Americans who no longer see teaching as a promising career. Teachers themselves would not recommend their children enter the profession. Kappan editor Rafael Heller considers the state of the teaching profession and how it has evolved over time.
Surprising new evidence on summer learning loss
Authors: Kuhfeld Megan
Published: August 2019

It has been common knowledge for decades that poor and working-class students tend to experience “summer learning loss,” a drop in performance between spring and fall that serves to widen the gap between students. However, new research shows that the reality of summer learning loss is more complex. Megan Kuhfeld draws on data from the 3.4 million students who took the NWEA MAP Growth assessments to find that summer slide is common, but not inevitable. According to the data, the students who experienced the greatest loss were those who made the greatest gains during the previous school year. The research also calls into question about the usual explanations for learning loss, such as access to summer programs and length of the school year.
Under the Law: 2018–2019 Supreme Court highlights
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: August 2019

Julie Underwood highlights three cases from the 2018-2019 U.S. Supreme Court term that have implications for education. In American Legion v. American Humanist Association (2019), the Court ruled that a cross on public land honoring World War I soldiers was not a violation of the Establishment Clause. In this ruling, the Justices criticized the Lemon test often used in cases related to religion in schools, but they did not invalidate it entirely. In Kisor v. Wilkie (2019), Justices expressed the belief that the Court should defer to administrative agencies in interpreting complex regulations and administrative guidance. This leaves room for the Department of Education and other agencies to reinterpret regulations for political or ideological reasons. In Department of Commerce v. State of New York (2019), the Court ruled that a citizenship question on the U.S. Census is acceptable, but the that Department of Commerce did not provide an acceptable reason for the decision. The outcome of this case could affect the census count, which would then affect how education funding is allocated.
Individual Differences in Theory of Mind Predict Inequity Aversion in Children
Authors: Tsoi Lily , McAuliffe Katherine
Published: August 2019

Early in human development, children react negatively to receiving less than others, and only later do they show a similar aversion to receiving more. We tested whether theory of mind (ToM) can account for this developmental shift we see in middle childhood. We conducted a face-to-face fairness task that involved a ToM manipulation, measured individual differences in ToM, and collected parent-ratings of children’s empathy, a construct related to ToM. We find that greater ToM capacities lead to more rejections of unequal offers, regardless of the direction of inequality, demonstrating that children with greater ToM are more likely to engage in costly compliance with fairness norms. Moreover, drawing attention to mental states sufficiently elicits aversion to advantageous inequity in younger children. These findings contribute to our growing understanding that people’s concerns for fairness rely not just on their own thoughts and beliefs but on the thoughts, beliefs, and expectations of others.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and acute vanishing bile duct syndrome after the use of amoxicillin and naproxen in a child
Authors: Li Lu , Zheng Sujun , Chen Yu
Published: August 2019

We present the case report of a 6-year-old patient who developed Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after taking oral amoxicillin and naproxen. SJS, an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction involving the skin and mucosa, is usually drug-induced, and it can lead to systemic symptoms. Acute VBDS is rare, often presenting with progressive loss of the intrahepatic biliary tract. VBDS is an immune-mediated bile duct-associated disease, and immunological damage to the bile duct system is an important mechanism for VBDS. Serious drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is also associated with immunity. The drug acts as a hapten with keratin on the surface of biliary epithelial cells. The autoantibodies produced by this action can damage the bile duct epithelial cells and cause the bile duct to disappear. SJS is a serious type of polymorphic erythema that is mainly considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, and it may involve multiple factors.

 The patient in this case report was treated with glucocorticoids, plasma exchange, ursodeoxycholic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine. He recovered completely within 5 months. This case report indicates that caution should be used because amoxicillin and naproxen can cause SJS and VBDS in children.
Facilitating Positive Psychosocial Outcomes in Craniofacial Team Care: Strategies for Medical Providers
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Marik Patricia , Magee Leanne , Aspinall Cassandra L. , Garcia Laura , Crerand Canice , Johns Alexis
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Psychosocial issues associated with craniofacial diagnoses and the ongoing burden of care can impact the quality of life of patients and families, as well as treatment adherence and outcomes. Utilizing available literature and clinical expertise across 6 centers, the present article summarizes key psychosocial issues for the benefit of nonmental health medical providers and offers suggestions as to how all members of craniofacial teams can promote positive psychosocial outcomes.

Results:

Family adjustment across developmental phases is outlined, with strategies to support adaptive parental coping. Teasing is a common concern in craniofacial populations and medical providers can promote coping and social skills, as well as link families to mental health services when needed. Academic issues are described, alongside suggestions for medical providers to assist families with school advocacy and ensure access to appropriate services within the school setting. Medical providers are key in preparing patients and families for surgery, including consideration of medical, social, and logistical supports and barriers. As craniofacial care spans infancy to adulthood, medical providers are instrumental in assisting patients and families to navigate treatment transition periods. In addition to ongoing clinical team assessments, medical providers may utilize screening measures to identify and track patient and family adjustment in multiple areas of team care.

Conclusions:

Multidisciplinary providers play an important role in supporting positive adjustment in patients affected by craniofacial conditions and their families.
The Influence of Global Brand Distribution on Brand Popularity on Social Media
Authors: Kim Moon-Yong , Moon Sangkil , Iacobucci Dawn
Published: August 2019

The literature on consumer choice between global and local brands is focused on sales-based measures of brand globalness (BG). When managers need to establish an effective social media campaign to raise awareness of their brands’ activities on social media, the literature focus may not provide clear guidance on how such measures can be applied to social media. This research contributes to global brand research by combining the literature streams on consumer social media engagement and global branding marketing strategies. First, to provide a managerial tool for this task, the authors propose two novel measures, BG and country brand popularity (CBP), based on consumers’ brand activities on social media. Using these measures, the authors hypothesize that CBP is influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors, which is motivated by motivation–opportunity–ability theory. Using Facebook data covering the top 100 brands that operate across 50 countries in each of 51 industries, they show that CBP is influenced by BG and cultural, social, and economic characteristics.
Thermal Biology and Seasonal Population Abundance of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications on Pest Management
Authors: Motswagole Rebaone , Gotcha Nonofo , Nyamukondiwa Casper
Published: August 2019

Since the first detection of Bactrocera dorsalis in Botswana in 2010, the establishment, spread, and response to prevailing Botswana microclimates under rapidly changing environments remain unknown. This study investigated the presence, seasonal population abundance, and thermal biology of B. dorsalis in Botswana. We measured B. dorsalis thermal tolerance vis critical thermal limits (CTLs) and lethal temperature assays (LTAs) to understand how temperature largely impacts on fitness and hence invasive potential. Seasonal monitoring results indicated B. dorsalis establishment in the Chobe district (its first area of detection). Trap catches showed continuous adult flies’ presence all year round and high average monthly trap catches as compared with other districts. Furthermore, B. dorsalis was detected south of Botswana, including Kgatleng, Kweneng, South-east, and Southern districts. Critical thermal maxima (CTmax) to activity for adults and larvae were 46.16°C and 45.23°C, whereas critical thermal minima (CTmin) to activity for adults and larvae were 9.1°C and 7.3°C, respectively. Moreover, we found an improved CTmin for larvae at a slower ramping rate, indicating potential rapid cold hardening. The lower lethal temperature (LLT) and upper lethal temperature (ULT) assays revealed a reduction in survival at all the developmental stages as severity and duration of both temperature extremes increased. Microclimatic temperatures recorded in Botswana showed that environmental temperatures fall within the thermal breath of B. dorsalis activity measured here, indicating a potential conducive climate niche for the insect pest across the country, albeit other factors, e.g., host availability, play a significant role. These results therefore suggest that Botswana microclimatic temperatures aided B. dorsalis activity and invasion pathway are thus significant in mapping invasions and pest risk analysis, and may also aid in designing pest management strategies.
When the ‘well-oiled machine’ meets the ‘pyramid of people:’ Role perceptions and hybrid working practices of middle managers in a binational organization – ARTE
Authors: Barmeyer Christoph , Davoine Eric , Stokes Peter
Published: August 2019

This article examines the middle management representations of organization and managerial roles within a specific bicultural organizational context. The argument explores the extant cross-cultural management literature and identifies two predominant positions: a functionalist-stable stance and a dynamically interpretive perspective of culture. Historically, both positions have contributed to understanding management roles and behaviours in different cross-cultural contexts; however, each also possesses limitations. In response, the argument elaborates a multi-paradigmatic model and framework that synergise elements of the respective approaches. An interpretive methodology using a distinctive qualitative case study of the Franco-German collaborative media venture ARTE is developed. The researchers conducted 31 interviews with French and German ARTE middle managers in order to determine their perceptions of middle-manager roles in this context. The article identified differences in managerial role perceptions and behaviours as well as hybrid working practices as a result of intercultural adaptation and learning in addition to implications, limitations and future directions in the study.
Flying through the Cuckoo’s Nest: Countering the politics of agency in public criminology
Authors: Steckle Rhys E , Johnston Matthew S , Sanscartier Matthew D
Published: August 2019

In this article, we devote ourselves to the task of reconceptualizing agency in the public criminology movement. We develop an imaginative political framework to circumvent the relational tensions currently ensnaring public criminology discourse. Employing the psychoanalytic theory of Slavoj Žižek, we engage the public criminology literature and its agential-activist notion of political engagement to reveal three primary directives dismissive of alternative praxes of resistance: faith in the State and public, hypocrisy eschewal, and legitimacy. By invoking the distinction between these modes of political engagement through the “fictional social realities” depicted in Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, we provide insights into how public criminologists can overcome concerns occluding other modes of “going public.” With such a move, we believe that public criminology’s capacity to “translate crime scholarship out of the academy” will evolve and become open to the possibility that “doing nothing” is more effective than may first appear.
Simple Answers and Quick Fixes: Dyslexia and the Brain on the Internet
Authors: Worthy Jo , Godfrey Vickie , Tily Susan , Daly-Lesch Anne , Salmerón Cori
Published: August 2019

After well over a century of research about dyslexia, there is still no consensus about how it differs from other decoding difficulties, how it is identified, and its causes. Nevertheless, there is an abundance of research about dyslexia, mostly conducted outside of education, and much of it focused on the brain. This attention to the brain and dyslexia is also reflected on the Internet. In the study reported here, we analyzed information on the Internet focusing on dyslexia and the brain, grounding our examination in varying perspectives about the connections between neuroscience and education. We found that many of the sites include distortions, simplifications, and misinterpretations of neuroscience research, and some sites used this misinformation to bolster claims for the efficacy of the so-called brain-based interventions. We suggest that educators who become familiar with the limitations and affordances of neuroscience research, while maintaining a focus on the broad range of factors that influence literacy learning, can help to moderate the spread of misinformation.
Augmentation of Therapy for Combined Loss of Heterozygosity 1p and 16q in Favorable Histology Wilms Tumor: A Children’s Oncology Group AREN0532 and AREN0533 Study Report
Authors: Dix David B. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Chi Yueh-Yun , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Geller James I. , Gratias Eric J. , Khanna Geetika , Kalapurakal John A. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Seibel Nita L. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Malogolowkin Marcio , Anderson James , Gastier-Foster Julie , Shamberger Robert C. , Kim Yeonil , Grundy Paul E. , Dome Jeffrey S. ,   on behalf of the AREN0532 and AREN0533 study committees
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

In National Wilms Tumor Study 5 (NWTS-5), tumor-specific combined loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 1p and 16q (LOH1p/16q) was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor. The AREN0533/AREN0532 studies assessed whether augmenting therapy improved event-free survival (EFS) for these patients. Patients with stage I/II disease received regimen DD4A (vincristine, dactinomycin and doxorubicin) but no radiation therapy. Patients with stage III/IV disease received regimen M (vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin alternating with cyclophosphamide and etoposide) and radiation therapy.

METHODS

Patients were enrolled through the AREN03B2 Biology study between October 2006 and October 2013; all underwent central review of pathology, surgical reports, and imaging. Tumors were evaluated for LOH1p/16q by microsatellite testing. EFS and overall survival were compared using the log-rank test between NWTS-5 and current studies.

RESULTS

LOH1p/16q was detected in 49 of 1,147 evaluable patients with stage I/II disease (4.27%) enrolled in AREN03B2; 32 enrolled in AREN0532. LOH1p/16q was detected in 82 of 1,364 evaluable patients with stage III/IV disease (6.01%) in AREN03B2; 51 enrolled in AREN0533. Median follow-up for 83 eligible patients enrolled in AREN0532/0533 was 5.73 years (range, 2.84 to 9.63 years). The 4-year EFS for patients with stage I/II and stage III/IV disease with LOH1p/16 was 87.3% (95% CI, 75.1% to 99.5%) and 90.2% (95% CI, 81.8% to 98.6%), respectively. These results are improved compared with the NWTS-5 updated 4-year EFS of 68.8% for patients with stage I/II disease ( P = .042), and 61.3% for patients with stage III/IV disease ( P = .001), with trends toward improved 4-year overall survival. The most common grade 3 or higher nonhematologic toxicities with regimen M were febrile neutropenia (39.2%) and infections (21.6%).

CONCLUSION

Augmentation of therapy improved EFS for patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor and LOH1p/16q compared with the historical NWTS-5 comparison group, with an expected toxicity profile.
Phase II Study of Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients With Breast Cancer Requiring Regional Nodal Irradiation
Authors: Jimenez Rachel B. , Hickey Shea , DePauw Nicolas , Yeap Beow Y. , Batin Estelle , Gadd Michelle A. , Specht Michelle , Isakoff Steven J. , Smith Barbara L. , Liao Eric C. , Colwell Amy S. , Ho Alice , Januzzi James L. , Passeri Jonathan , Neilan Tomas G. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Lu Hsiao-Ming , MacDonald Shannon M.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of proton beam radiation therapy (RT) for patients with breast cancer who require regional nodal irradiation.

METHODS

Patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer who required postoperative RT to the breast/chest wall and regional lymphatics and who were considered suboptimal candidates for conventional RT were eligible. The primary end point was the incidence of grade 3 or higher radiation pneumonitis (RP) or any grade 4 toxicity within 3 months of RT. Secondary end points were 5-year locoregional failure, overall survival, and acute and late toxicities per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Strain echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers were obtained before and after RT to assess early cardiac changes.

RESULTS

Seventy patients completed RT between 2011 and 2016. Median follow-up was 55 months (range, 17 to 82 months). Of 69 evaluable patients, median age was 45 years (range, 24 to 70 years). Sixty-three patients (91%) had left-sided breast cancer, two had bilateral breast cancer, and five had right-sided breast cancer. Sixty-five (94%) had stage II to III breast cancer. Sixty-eight (99%) received systemic chemotherapy. Fifty (72%) underwent immediate reconstruction. Median dose to the chest wall/breast was 49.7 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) and to the internal mammary nodes, 48.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness), which indicates comprehensive coverage. Among 62 surviving patients, the 5-year rates for locoregional failure and overall survival were 1.5% and 91%, respectively. One patient developed grade 2 RP, and none developed grade 3 RP. No grade 4 toxicities occurred. The unplanned surgical re-intervention rate at 5 years was 33%. No significant changes in echocardiography or cardiac biomarkers after RT were found.

CONCLUSION

Proton beam RT for breast cancer has low toxicity rates and similar rates of disease control compared with historical data of conventional RT. No early cardiac changes were observed, which paves the way for randomized studies to compare proton beam RT with standard RT.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Cisplatin and Gemcitabine Followed by Chemoradiation Versus Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: da Costa Samantha Cabral S. , Bonadio Renata Colombo , Gabrielli Flavia Carolina G. , Aranha Andrea S. , Dias Genta Maria Luiza N. , Miranda Vanessa C. , de Freitas Daniela , Abdo Filho Elias , Ferreira Patrícia A.O. , Machado Karime K. , Scaranti Mariana , Carvalho Heloísa de A. , Estevez-Diz Maria Del Pilar
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Although chemoradiation therapy (CRT) with cisplatin remains the standard treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), 40% of patients present with disease recurrence. Additional treatment strategies are required to improve outcomes. We conducted a trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by CRT.

METHODS

In this phase II trial, patients with LACC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB to IVA or with positive lymph nodes) were randomly assigned to three cycles of NAC with cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by standard CRT with weekly cisplatin plus pelvic radiotherapy or to standard CRT alone. The primary end point was 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were response rate, 3-year locoregional control, 3-year overall survival (OS), safety, and quality of life.

RESULTS

From 107 patients enrolled in the trial, 55 were randomly assigned to the NAC arm and 52 to the CRT-alone arm. The majority of patients had squamous cell carcinoma (87.8%). After a median follow-up of 31.7 months, NAC was associated with an inferior PFS, with 3-year PFS rates of 40.9% v 60.4% in the CRT arm (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.26; P = .033). NAC also was associated with a lower OS (3-year OS rate, 60.7% v 86.8%; hazard ratio, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.01; P = .006). After treatment completion, complete response rates were 56.3% in the NAC arm and 80.3% in the CRT arm ( P = .008). Toxicities were similar in both arms, with the exception of hypomagnesemia and neuropathy being more common with NAC.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that the addition of NAC consisting of cisplatin and gemcitabine to standard CRT is not superior and is possibly inferior to CRT alone for the treatment of LACC.