bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Thorpe-scale-derived vertical diffusivities against microstructure measurements in the Kerguelen region
Authors: Park Y.-H. , Lee J.-H. , Durand I. , Hong C.-S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Thorpe scale is an energy-containing vertical overturning scale of large eddies associated with shear-generated turbulence. This study investigates indirect estimates of vertical diffusivities from the Thorpe scale method in the polar front region east of the Kerguelen Islands based on fine-scale density profiles gathered during the 2011 KEOPS2 (KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) cruise. These diffusivities are validated in comparison with diffusivities estimated from the turbulence dissipation rate directly measured via a TurboMAP (Turbulence ocean Microstructure Acquisition Profiler) microstructure profiler. The results are sensitive to the choice of the diffusivity parameterization and the overturn ratio Ro, and the optimal results have been obtained from the parameterization by Shih et al. (2005) and the Ro = 0.25 criterion, rather than the parameterization by Osborn (1980) and the Ro = 0.2 criterion originally suggested by Gargett and Garner (2008). The Thorpe-scale-derived diffusivities in the KEOPS2 region show a high degree of spatial variability, ranging from a canonical value of O(10−5) m2 s−1 in the Winter Water layer and in the area immediately north of the polar front to a high value of O(10−4) m2 s−1 in the seasonal thermocline between the surface mixed layer and the Winter Water. The latter high diffusivities are found especially over the shallow plateau southeast of the Kerguelen Islands and along the polar front that is attached to the escarpment northeast of the islands. The interaction of strong frontal flow with prominent bottom topography likely causes the observed elevated mixing rates.
Using atmospheric observations to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of CO2 fluxes simulated by terrestrial biospheric models
Authors: Fang Y. , Michalak A. M. , Shiga Y. P. , Yadav V.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Terrestrial biospheric models (TBMs) are used to extrapolate local observations and process-level understanding of land-atmosphere carbon exchange to larger regions, and serve as predictive tools for examining carbon-climate interactions. Understanding the performance of TBMs is thus crucial to the carbon cycle and climate science communities. In this study, we present and assess an approach to evaluating the spatiotemporal patterns, rather than aggregated magnitudes, of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulated by TBMs using atmospheric CO2 measurements. The approach is based on statistical model selection implemented within a high-resolution atmospheric inverse model. Using synthetic data experiments, we find that current atmospheric observations are sensitive to the underlying spatiotemporal flux variability at sub-biome scales for a large portion of North America, and that atmospheric observations can therefore be used to evaluate simulated spatiotemporal flux patterns as well as to differentiate between multiple competing TBMs. Experiments using real atmospheric observations and four prototypical TBMs further confirm the applicability of the method, and demonstrate that the performance of TBMs in simulating the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE varies substantially across seasons, with best performance during the growing season and more limited skill during transition seasons. This result is consistent with previous work showing that the ability of TBMs to model flux magnitudes is also seasonally-dependent. Overall, the proposed approach provides a new avenue for evaluating TBM performance based on sub-biome-scale flux patterns, presenting an opportunity for assessing and informing model development using atmospheric observations.
Biomarkers in the stratified water column of the Landsort Deep (Baltic Sea)
Authors: Berndmeyer C. , Thiel V. , Schmale O. , Wasmund N. , Blumenberg M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The water column of the Landsort Deep, central Baltic Sea, is stratified into an oxic, suboxic, and anoxic zone. This stratification controls the distributions of individual microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. In summer 2011, particulate organic matter was filtered from these zones using an in situ pump. Lipid biomarkers were extracted from the filters to establish water-column profiles of individual hydrocarbons, alcohols, phospholipid fatty acids, and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs). As a reference, a cyanobacterial bloom sampled in summer 2012 in the central Baltic Sea Gotland Deep was analyzed for BHPs. The biomarker data from the surface layer of the oxic zone showed major inputs from cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and ciliates, while the underlying cold winter water layer was characterized by a low diversity and abundance of organisms, with copepods as a major group. The suboxic zone supported bacterivorous ciliates, type I aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and, most likely, methanogenic archaea. In the anoxic zone, sulfate reducers and archaea were the dominating microorganisms as indicated by the presence of distinctive branched fatty acids: archaeol and pentamethylicosane (PMI) derivatives, respectively. Our study of in situ biomarkers in the Landsort Deep thus provided an integrated insight into the distribution of relevant compounds and describes useful tracers to reconstruct stratified water columns in the geological record.
Identifying environmental controls on vegetation greenness phenology through model–data integration
Authors: Forkel M. , Carvalhais N. , Schaphoff S. , v. Bloh W. , Migliavacca M. , Thurner M. , Thonicke K.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Existing dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) have a limited ability in reproducing phenology and decadal dynamics of vegetation greenness as observed by satellites. These limitations in reproducing observations reflect a poor understanding and description of the environmental controls on phenology, which strongly influence the ability to simulate longer-term vegetation dynamics, e.g. carbon allocation. Combining DGVMs with observational data sets can potentially help to revise current modelling approaches and thus enhance the understanding of processes that control seasonal to long-term vegetation greenness dynamics. Here we implemented a new phenology model within the LPJmL (Lund Potsdam Jena managed lands) DGVM and integrated several observational data sets to improve the ability of the model in reproducing satellite-derived time series of vegetation greenness. Specifically, we optimized LPJmL parameters against observational time series of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (FAPAR), albedo and gross primary production to identify the main environmental controls for seasonal vegetation greenness dynamics. We demonstrated that LPJmL with new phenology and optimized parameters better reproduces seasonality, inter-annual variability and trends of vegetation greenness. Our results indicate that soil water availability is an important control on vegetation phenology not only in water-limited biomes but also in boreal forests and the Arctic tundra. Whereas water availability controls phenology in water-limited ecosystems during the entire growing season, water availability co-modulates jointly with temperature the beginning of the growing season in boreal and Arctic regions. Additionally, water availability contributes to better explain decadal greening trends in the Sahel and browning trends in boreal forests. These results emphasize the importance of considering water availability in a new generation of phenology modules in DGVMs in order to correctly reproduce observed seasonal-to-decadal dynamics of vegetation greenness.
Biogeochemistry of a large and deep tropical lake (Lake Kivu, East Africa): insights from a stable isotope study covering an annual cycle
Authors: Morana C. , Darchambeau F. , Roland F. A. E. , Borges A. V. , Muvundja F. , Kelemen Z. , Masilya P. , Descy J.-P. , Bouillon S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. During this study, we investigated the seasonal variability of the concentration and the stable isotope composition of several inorganic and organic matter reservoirs in the large, oligotrophic and deep tropical Lake Kivu (East Africa). Data were acquired during one year at a fornightly temporal resolution. The δ13C signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increased linearly with time during the rainy season, then suddenly decreased during the dry season due to vertical mixing with δ13C-depleted DIC waters. This pattern reflects the net autotrophic status of the mixed layer of Lake Kivu, contrary to the common observation that oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems tend to be net heterotrophic. The δ13C signature of the particulate organic carbon pool (POC) revealed the presence of a consistently abundant methanotrophic biomass in the oxycline throughout the year. We also noticed a seasonal shift during the dry season toward higher values in the δ15N of particulate nitrogen (PN) in the mixed layer and δ15N-PN was significantly related to the contribution of cyanobacteria to the phytoplankton assemblage, suggesting that rainy season conditions could be more favourable to atmospheric nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Finally, zooplankton were slightly enriched in δ13C compared to the autochtonous POC pool, and the δ15N signature of zooplankton followed well the seasonal variability in δ15N-PN, being consistently 3.0 ± 1.1‰ heavier than the PN pool. Together, δ13C and δ15N analysis suggests that zooplankton directly incorporate algal-derived organic matter in their biomass, and they would rely almost exclusively on this source of organic matter throughout the year in general agreement with the very low allochthonous organic matter inputs from rivers in Lake Kivu.
Conventional or alternative development? Varying meanings and purposes of territorial rural development as a strategy for the Global South
Authors: Koop K.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. This paper discusses the increasing interest in the territorial dimension of rural development in the Global South. Adapting the local development approach of the 1970s to the changing context of globalization and to the competitiveness discourse, mainstream development agencies and scholars currently see territorial development (TD) as an attractive model for the integration of rural regions into globalization dynamics. However, territory serves not only conventional mainstream ideologies, but also post-development thinking. It is shown that territory has turned out to be a crucial element for social movements in the defense of alternative visions of modernity and in the constitution of life worlds outside the conventional development path. The analysis of the meaning development actors give the term territory and the focus on the purposes for which it is mobilized allows a variety of possible development paths for the rural South to be identified, thus going beyond the prevailing modernist vision.
New ruralities – old gender dynamics? A reflection on high-value crop agriculture in the light of the feminisation debates
Authors: Bieri S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. While a remarkable continuity in smallholder agricultural production has been identified, the shift from subsistence orientation towards more wage dependence appears in a different light when analysed under a gender perspective. "Feminisation" has been a catchphrase to characterise some of these processes; however, the debate has been subject to overgeneralisation, and can only inadequately grasp the gender dynamics in what has been referred to as "new ruralities". Illustrated for high-value crop production as an expression of agricultural transition in the Global South, this contribution offers a critical account of the feminisation thesis. Instead of discarding the notion of feminisation, it advocates a reassessment of its potential as a comprehensive framework against which empirical findings can be reflected. While conventional uses of the feminisation thesis have, in their great majority, come up with the conclusion that for women it can always only get worse, I propose a perspective which reveals gains and risks and how they are shared between men and women as they engage in new agricultural labour markets. This perspective rests on a methodology for case-based, comparative studies developed in this paper as a contribution for assessing the nature of agricultural transition and to investigate the qualitative change associated with new ruralities. A distinctive appreciation of the substance of agricultural change for different members of the rural society – namely men and women, but also different men, and different women – is the premise for overcoming barriers to shared development, and for framing effective governance in the context of global development.
Modeling the snow surface temperature with a one-layer energy balance snowmelt model
Authors: You J. , Tarboton D. G. , Luce C. H.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Snow surface temperature is a key control on and result of dynamically coupled energy exchanges at the snow surface. The snow surface temperature is the result of the balance between external forcing (incoming radiation) and energy exchanges above the surface that depend on surface temperature (outgoing longwave radiation and turbulent fluxes) and the transport of energy into the snow by conduction and meltwater influx. Because of the strong insulating properties of snow, thermal gradients in snow packs are large and nonlinear, a fact that has led many to advocate multiple layer snowmelt models over single layer models. In an effort to keep snowmelt modeling simple and parsimonious, the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snowmelt model used only one layer but allowed the snow surface temperature to be different from the snow average temperature by using an equilibrium gradient parameterization based on the surface energy balance. Although this procedure was considered an improvement over the ordinary single layer snowmelt models, it still resulted in discrepancies between modeled and measured snowpack energy contents. In this paper we evaluate the equilibrium gradient approach, the force-restore approach, and a modified force-restore approach when they are integrated as part of a complete energy and mass balance snowmelt model. The force-restore and modified force-restore approaches have not been incorporated into the UEB in early versions, even though Luce and Tartoton have done work in calculating the energy components using these approaches. In addition, we evaluate a scheme for representing the penetration of a refreezing front in cold periods following melt. We introduce a method to adjust effective conductivity to account for the presence of ground near to a shallow snow surface. These parameterizations were tested against data from the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory, CA, Utah State University experimental farm, UT, and subnivean snow laboratory at Niwot Ridge, CO. These tests compare modeled and measured snow surface temperature, snow energy content, snow water equivalent, and snowmelt outflow. We found that with these refinements the model is able to better represent the snowpack energy balance and internal energy content while still retaining a parsimonious one layer format.
Characterising the space–time structure of rainfall in the Sahel with a view to estimating IDAF curves
Authors: Panthou G. , Vischel T. , Lebel T. , Quantin G. , Molinié G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Intensity–duration–area–frequency (IDAF) curves are increasingly demanded for characterising the severity of storms and for designing hydraulic structures. Their computation requires inferring areal rainfall distributions over the range of space scales and timescales that are the most relevant for hydrological studies at catchment scale. In this study, IDAF curves are computed for the first time in West Africa, based on the data provided by the AMMA-CATCH Niger network, composed of 30 recording rain gauges having operated since 1990 over a 16 000 km2 area in south-western Niger. The IDAF curves are obtained by separately considering the time (intensity–duration–frequency, IDF) and space (areal reduction factor, ARF) components of the extreme rainfall distribution. Annual maximum intensities are extracted for resolutions between 1 and 24 h in time and from point (rain gauge) to 2500 km2 in space. The IDF model used is based on the concept of scale invariance (simple scaling) which allows the normalisation of the different temporal resolutions of maxima series to which a global generalised extreme value (GEV) is fitted. This parsimonious framework allows one to use the concept of dynamic scaling to describe the ARF. The results show that coupling a simple scaling in space and time with a dynamical scaling that relates to space and time allows one to satisfactorily model the effect of space–time aggregation on the distribution of extreme rainfall.
From slope- to regional-scale shallow landslides susceptibility assessment using TRIGRS
Authors: Bordoni M. , Meisina C. , Valentino R. , Bittelli M. , Chersich S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are common phenomena in many parts of the world, affecting cultivations and infrastructures and causing sometimes human losses. Assessing the shallow landslides susceptibility is fundamental for land planning at different scales. This work defines a reliable methodology to extend the slope stability analysis from the local to the regional scale by using a well established physically-based model (TRIGRS-Unsaturated). The model is applied at first for a sample slope and then to the surrounding area of 13.4 km2 in Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Italy). In order to obtain more reliable input data for the model, a long-term hydro-meteorological monitoring has been carried out at the sample slope, that has been assumed as representative of the study area. Field measurements allowed for identifying the triggering mechanism of shallow failures and were used to calibrate the model. After obtaining modelled pore water pressures at the slope scale consistent with those measured during the monitoring activity, more reliable trends have been modelled also for past landslide events, as the April 2009 event that has been assumed as benchmark. The shallow landslides susceptibility assessment obtained using TRIGRS-Unsaturated for the benchmark event appears good for both the monitored slope and the whole study area, with better results if a pedological instead of geological zoning is considered at regional scale. The scheme followed in this work allows for obtaining better results of shallow landslides susceptibility assessment in terms of reduction of overestimation of unstable areas with respect to other distributed models applied in the past.
Assessing spatio-temporal variability and trends in modelled and measured Greenland Ice Sheet albedo (2000–2013)
Authors: Alexander P. M. , Tedesco M. , Fettweis X. , van de Wal R. S. W. , Smeets C. J. P. P. , van den Broeke M. R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Accurate measurements and simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface albedo are essential, given the role of surface albedo in modulating the amount of absorbed solar radiation and meltwater production. In this study, we assess the spatio-temporal variability of GrIS albedo during June, July, and August (JJA) for the period 2000–2013. We use two remote sensing products derived from data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), as well as outputs from the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) regional climate model (RCM) and data from in situ automatic weather stations. Our results point to an overall consistency in spatio-temporal variability between remote sensing and RCM albedo, but reveal a difference in mean albedo of up to ~0.08 between the two remote sensing products north of 70° N. At low elevations, albedo values simulated by the RCM are positively biased with respect to remote sensing products by up to ~0.1 and exhibit low variability compared with observations. We infer that these differences are the result of a positive bias in simulated bare ice albedo. MODIS albedo, RCM outputs, and in situ observations consistently indicate a decrease in albedo of −0.03 to −0.06 per decade over the period 2003–2013 for the GrIS ablation area. Nevertheless, satellite products show a decline in JJA albedo of −0.03 to −0.04 per decade for regions within the accumulation area that is not confirmed by either the model or in situ observations. These findings appear to contradict a previous study that found an agreement between in situ and MODIS trends for individual months. The results indicate a need for further evaluation of high elevation albedo trends, a reconciliation of MODIS mean albedo at high latitudes, and the importance of accurately simulating bare ice albedo in RCMs.
مختارات الافكار
Authors: Schoun Frithjof
Published: December 2014

تقوم هذه الورقة بمناقشة رمزية الطبيعة و قداستها الدينية. و التأمل في الطبيعة و التفكر بما يدور حول الإنسان مثل النجوم و ينابيع المياه، فتسمح للإنسان أن يتفكر برمزيتها و قداستها. حتى أن الطبيعة تعتبر رمز لكتاب كوني مفتوح و وحي آلهي، فإن الطبيعة "تقدم لنا رمزاً للجنة الأرضية و دلائل عن الجنة السماوية". و عند التأمل و التفكر يمر الفرد بتجربة إنسانية روحية تجعل الفرد يدرك وجود مثال متعالٍ فيهذا الكون. و لكن يشير هذا البحث إلى أن العلوم الحديثة تعرقل و تصعب من فك رموز الطبيعة و الوصول لمعرفة قداستها بسبب تدمير 'الأساس التجريبي للميثولوجيا'. و لهذا تشير هذه الورقة البحثية أنه توجد علاقة ما بين 'الطبيعة و المعرفة'، و يستدل بأمثلة من القرآن الكريم حيث أنه توجد أمثلة و أدلة تشير إلى قرب الدين الإسلامي و اليهودي للطبيعة.
الشخص الإنساني في الإسلام
Authors: Murad Abdul Hakim
Published: December 2014

يطرح هذا البحث التناقض الذي يواجه الإنسان يومياً، حيث أن الإنسان يريد الإنتماء إلي الطبيعة و لكنه في نفس الوقت لا يريد أن يكون جزءاً منها. فبالرغم من كون هذا الحالة سمة من سمات العصر الحديث، إلا أن الجسد ما زال عنصر أساسي من عناصر البيئة. و لذلك يسعى المسلمون و المسيحيون إلى فهم المفاهيم القديمة من خلال واقعنا المعاصر، حيث يستنتج البحث أن الدين منظومة أخلاقية حديثة تقوم على التطهير الأخلاقي. و تشير ورقة البحث إلى محاولة المسلمون إلى "إحياء صورة للكرامة الإنسانية في عصر ما بعد الحداثة" و تم ربط هذه التجارب مع محاولات سيدنا آدم و حواء لخلق "صورة أرضية شبيهة بما كانت تبدو عليه الجنة". و بذلك تقوم الورقة بالاستنتاج أن البعد عن الطبيعة هو سبب مواجهتنا لمشاكل و عوائق أخلاقية و دينية في هذا العصر الحديث، و يتم الاستدلال و ذكر أسباب التعاليم الدينية من المنطلق الأخلاقي
Religious and Ethnic Discrimination: Differential Implications for Social Support Engagement, Civic Involvement, and Political Consciousness
Authors: Ysseldyk Renate , Talebi Miki , Matheson Kimberly , Bloemraad Irene , Anisman Hymie
Published: December 2014

Social identity threats, depending on the content of the identity targeted, may evoke varying socio-political responses. In this regard, religious discrimination may be especially threatening, challenging both the social group and its belief system, thereby promoting more active collective responses. This research examined how religious and ethnic identification differentially evoked engagement with support resources (ingroup and spiritual), civic involvement (including individual and collective action-taking), and political participation (voting or political consciousness) following group-based threats. Study 1 drew from the CanadianEthnic Diversity Survey(N= 1806). Participants who reported religious discrimination demonstrated greater religious identification, ingroup social engagement, and civic involvement—comparable associations were absent for ethnic discrimination. Study 2 (N= 287) experimentally primed participants to make salient a specific incident of religious or ethnic discrimination. Although ethnic discrimination elicited greater ingroup support-seeking and political consciousness, religious discrimination was perceived as especially harmful and evoked more individual and collective action-taking. Further to this, religious high-identifiers’ responses were mediated by engagement with ingroup or spiritual support in both studies, whereas no mediated relations were evident for ethnic identification. Findings are discussed in terms of distinct socio-political responses to threats targeting identities that are grounded in religious belief systems.
Les archives photographiques en mouvement1
Authors: Klein Anne , Lemay Yvon
Published: December 2014

À partir de la relation entre un ouvrage de Carol Payne portant sur le service de photographie de l’Office national du film du Canada (ONF) et une exposition sur les pensionnats autochtones, organisée par le Musée McCord en collaboration avec la Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada, l’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment des photographies d’archives produites dans une perspective d’assimilation des populations autochtones peuvent aujourd’hui servir, dans un autre contexte, d’outils d’émancipation au sein de ces mêmes communautés. Il fait ainsi valoir que les archives photographiques constituent des lieux ouverts, en attente d’une rencontre, d’un moment historique pouvant les actualiser.
The Inevitability of Teleology: From le Dispositif to Apparatus Theory to Dispositifs Plural
Authors: Gaines Jane M.
Published: December 2014

The article asks how problems of historical method are implied in the question “What Is Left of Apparatus Theory [...] ?”, the topic of the round table for which this paper was first delivered at the IMPACT conference. It goes on to recap the problems with traditional historical approaches : the “from…to” overview, the linear narrative, and the teleological expectation, to name a few. Then, it suggests, following Reinhard Koselleck, that teleologies (like the teleology to end all teleologies – the death of cinema) are unavoidable if one is functioning as a historian-positioned-in-time. Finally, it asks how we are to lay out Baudry and Foucault and trace the “adventures” of the apparatus and apparatus theory when the discourse theory that underwrote their projects critiques the project of “discovering” past events since in the end we are constituting the technology we discover, the same technology that we have said constitutes us.
Motion/Performance Capture and The Afterlife of The Index. A Reconsideration of André Bazin’s “Myth of Total Cinema”
Authors: Grosoli Marco
Published: December 2014

The history of film technology is not a progressive and linear march towards the future : it is rather a discontinuous, irregular process where the past returns more often than not. Motion capture and performance capture technologies are particularly indicative examples of this dynamic, as their digital nature is far from opposed to the indexical bias of photography that (according to a widespread doxa) the digital is supposed to gradually supplant. On the contrary, they integrate the index in their own functioning. Moreover, some of the films making use of these devices (for instance Robert Zemeckis’s A Christmas Carol) seem to allegorize this very paradox. André Bazin has often been believed to advocate for a teleological view of history (and of the history of film technology) just because of his idealism. In fact, a close re-reading his writings, particularly of his “Myth of Total Cinema”, shows that his idealism works as an “antidote” against teleological presuppositions.
Le potentiel d’offre et de demande de services médicaux dans la langue de communautés minoritaires : où se situe le français en Colombie-Britannique?
Authors: Giguère Louis , Conway Brian
Published: December 2014

Une étude comparative du potentiel de services médicaux dans les langues minoritaires de Colombie-Britannique révèle que des médecins non-francophones parlant français génèrent une retombée linguistique qui amplifie l’offre potentielle de services de santé et de services sociaux en français de façon dramatique. Ce mécanisme structurant s’appliquerait aux autres professions de la santé et des services sociaux, partout au Canada et il serait plus prononcé plus le contexte est minoritaire. Les communautés francophones doivent faire plus pour identifier, engager et outiller les professionnels et professionnelles « francophiles » et elles doivent élaborer une logique d’équité innovatrice pour dégager le potentiel d’offre de services de santé et de services sociaux en français dans un contexte multilingue.
Une semaine dans la vie de camarades (1976) : manifeste cinématographique de la contre-culture québécoise1
Authors: Robert Marc-André
Published: December 2014

En avril 1975 s’ouvre la Rencontre internationale de la contre-culture (RIC) de Montréal. Événement phare de la contre-culture québécoise, elle donne lieu à la production d’un long-métrage documentaire de quatre heures empruntant à l’esthétique du cinéma direct : Une semaine dans la vie de camarades (1976), des cinéastes Jean Gagné et Serge Gagné, deux acteurs de premier plan de la mouvance contre-culturelle au Québec. Portrait social et politique de la culture québécoise, ce film propose une série d’entrevues avec des « travailleurs culturels » à travers un voyage aux quatre coins du Québec. Critique de la culture institutionnalisée des années 1970, Une semaine dans la vie de camarades explore les différentes manifestations culturelles populaires en sol québécois. À partir d’une analyse historique des représentations de la contre-culture dans ce film, cet article vise à comprendre les composantes du discours politique associé à ce phénomène. En ressort la prédominance d’une prise de parole collective dans l’espace public. Manifeste à l’endroit des pouvoirs politique et économique, elle expose les clivages entre le peuple et les élites en regard à la culture.
Turismo, Arqueologia e Literatura: análise antropológica da construção da memória coletiva em São Nicolau, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Brum Ceres Karam
Published: December 2014

Este artigo aborda o processo de elaboração da memória coletiva sobre as Missões, na atualidade, em São Nicolau, a partir das narrativas produzidas sobre o seu passado colonial, enquanto imagem mitificada e estereotipada do mesmo, atentando às articulações entre os referentes históricos, arqueológicos e literários em suas utilizações turísticas e políticas, a partir de uma análise antropológica destas representações.
Prática docente na formação do Turismólogo
Authors: Santos Marcia Maria Cappellano
Published: December 2014

Pensar o ensino superior em Turismo é compreender que o saber profissional do professor abrange saberes relacionados com o conhecimento especializado de sua área de formação e aqueles relacionados com a práxis docente. Porém, muitos professores tendem a ver-se mais como expertos disciplinares do que como docentes, orientando sua conduta em aula por um conhecimento tácito, baseado na lógica do pensamento cotidiano e constituído por modelos de atuação vinculados a contextos escolares concretos, interiorizados mimeticamente e reproduzidos em sala de aula. Vê-se aí um paradoxo: mesmo se constatando o incremento dos estudos científicos sobre o fenômeno turístico, não se tem verificado suficiente realinhamento dos avanços dos conhecimentos especializados com os da prática pedagógica na formação do turismólogo. Na disciplina Prática de Ensino: Planejamento e Operacionalização, oferecida no Mestrado em Turismo da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, as reflexões teórico-práticas têm conduzido a um repensar da ação docente de nível superior no âmbito da formação em turismo. Os resultados alcançados têm se mostrado positivos na avaliação dos mestrandos, especialmente quando confrontados os graus de compreensão dos conhecimentos no início e término da disciplina e identificados os ganhos no estabelecimento de relações e aprofundamentos oportunizados por uma outra epistemologia de aprendizagem.
Turismo y Patrimonio. Otredad e identidad
Authors: Siedlecki Huerta Tania
Published: December 2014

A proposta do artículo é analisar a metamorfose que pode ser observada nos museus na atualidade para propiciar uma melhor intereção com as comunidades locais e com os turistas. O museu passou a atender uma sociedade de massas onde o Turismo é um fato irreversível. Ontem, suas funções eram a de conservar e pesquisar; hoje promovem a difusão e a divulgação de manifestações representativas da multiculturalidade, chamando para si papéis comunicadores, educativos e lúdicos. O museu é a instituição que melhor reflete o valor triplo do Patrimônio: o formal que tem a ver com a estética, o simbólico significativo que tem a ver com as identidades e o de uso, que é o que mais tem a ver com o Turismo. É o olhar do outro em nós que nos leva à construção social do conceito de Patrimônio. Como fazer para que o museu gere um espaço de apropriação, reflexão e fruição e que as histórias que conta sejam compreendidas -nos seus interrelacionamentos a na sua heterogeneidade- por todos os visitantes e não apenas pelos privilegiados no campo intelectual e cultural?
Crônica de eventos: Turismo no Mercosul: VII Jornadas Nacionales y II Simpósio Internacional de Investigación em Turismo
Authors: Rocha Jefferson Marçal
Published: December 2014

Nas VIII Jornadas Nacionales e II Simposio Internacional De Investigacion Accion En Turismo, realizado na aprazível cidade de Posadas, província de Misiones - Argentina, nos dias 7, 8 e 9 de julho de 2007, teve como tema Las políticas en Turismo en los nuevos escenarios del MERCOSUR. O ponto de partida das discussões foi a complexidade que envolve o fenômeno turismo, especialmente nos países do Mercosul, que apesar de terem especificidades das mais diversas, têm problemas muito próximos em relação às políticas para o setor.
Programa Transdisciplinar para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Comunidade Quilombola de Monte Alegre – Cachoeiro de Itapemirim - ES
Authors: Correia Wellington , Costa Marco Aurelio Borges , Balbino Marcos Aurélio Lima
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade de remanescentes de quilombolas de Monte Alegre, em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. Revela como a intervenção da universidade, por meio da pesquisa, do ensino e da extensão, tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento da região, com especial ênfase para as atividades turísticas que despontam como uma das principais vocações do lugar. Apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo é diagnosticar a sociedade local e possibilitar o conhecimento do perfil sócio-econômico da comunidade, visando subsidiar ações de planejamento estratégico, entre outras. Apresenta os resultados do planejamento estratégico desenvolvido com base no diagnóstico pelos próprios moradores. Este planejamento servirá para orientar o futuro da localidade sendo uma peça que respeita as características dos moradores, uma vez que foi desenvolvida por eles. Conclui apresentando as novas etapas do projeto, com o objetivo de congregar teoria e prática no ensino do Turismo e de outras áreas afins.
Migración por opcion: el fenómeno migratorio en destinos turísticos de montaña
Authors: Nakayama Lía Domínguez de , Marioni Susana Graciela
Published: December 2014

Desde tempos muito remotos a dinâmica populacional da Argentina associa-se ao fenômeno migratório. No entanto, os trabalhos realizados até o presente a as leis a que chegaram seus autores mostram que em quase nenhum estudo a migração é considerada uma conseqüência de “atrações positivas”. Em quase todas as pesquisas o fenômeno migratório é examinado como uma resposta forçada pelas condições ambientais desfavoráveisNos últimos anos, um novo tipo de migração associada ao fenômeno turístico tem surgido, a denominada migração de amenidade, realizada por pessoas que, tendo sido turistas em determinada destinação, decidem retornar a ela e se constituirem em residentes. Sua permanência pode ser sazonal ou durante o ano inteiro. Este fenômeno produz importantes efeitos na configuração da personalidade coletiva dos destinos turísticos.O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os processos demográficos e sociais produzidos por este fenômeno nos destinos turísticos de montanha a partir de dois estudos de caso em San Martín de los Andes (Neuquén) e Villa General Belgrano (Córdoba).O estudo nestes dois locais da Argentina, realizado mediante pesquisa documental e entrevistas em profundidade com imigrantes e nativos permite começar a entender de que formja o fenômeno impacta a configuração socio-cutural das populações, no que diz respeito às relações entre residentes e migrantes e nas políticas de sustentabilidade para o desenvolvimento local.
Modelo de classificação de produtos e turismos. O turismo de mergulho em La Restinga (Ilhas Canárias) e L´Estartit (Catalunha)
Authors: De la Cruz Modino Raquel , Santana Talavera Agustín
Published: December 2014

Nos últimos anos, o interesse por re orientar e aumentar o consumo turístico nos destinos estimulou inúmeras e inovadoras estratégias de utilização dos recursos naturais, a partir de uma lógica diferente da tradicionalmente articulada pelos grupos da população local. É preciso reconhecer que essas linhas de ação geralmente são superestimadas e pouca atenção é prestada aos efeitos socioculturais derivados do uso turístico do patrimônio nas destinações e sobre a população local. No início do século XXI o consumo de turismo patrimonial gerou muitos produtos e sub produtos de difícil enquadramento nas tipologias clássicas e impulsionou o surgimento de novas áreas de visitação e desenvolvimento turístico. Neste artigo são analisados dois casos de estudo relacionando áreas marinhas protegidas e turismo de mergulho, tentando mostrar a dificuldade em estabelecer classificações gerais e propor uma tipologia de pesquisa de produtos e destinos que seja efetiva para o desenvolvimento evitando efeitos não desejados.
A disciplina de Planejamento Turístico no Ensino Superior de Turismo: das influências aos novos desafios
Authors: Silveira Carlos Eduardo , Gândara José Manoel Gonçalves , Medaglia Juliana
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada com os professores da disciplina de Planejamento Turístico dos cursos superiores de Turismo de Curitiba e as conseqüentes reflexões sobre os resultados. Os objetivos principais desta pesquisa foram conhecer o perfil dos professores e sua opinião sobre Planejamento Turístico a fim de levantar a situação atual da disciplina e buscar relações entre os conteúdos e métodos aplicados nas diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior e a visão dos respondentes acerca da atuação dos egressos no mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa baseou-se em método qualitativo, tendo como instrumento entrevistas pessoais individuais, e por não buscar confirmação de hipóteses previamente estabelecidas, tratou-se de um estudo exploratório. As principais conclusões dizem respeito às distintas denominações que possuem as IES; destacam a superioridade de carga-horária da UFPR em relação às instituições privadas; a relação do Planejamento Turístico com as políticas públicas; o caráter teórico-prático do ensino da disciplina; a limitação bibliográfica recente e o baixo interesse dos egressos pela atuação na área.
Capacidade de carga no planejamento turístico: Estudo de caso da Praia Brava – Itajaí frente à implantação do Complexo Turístico Habitacional Canto da Brava
Authors: Ruschmann Doris Van de Meene , Paolucci Luciana , Maciel Nelson Antonio Leite
Published: December 2014

O turismo sustentável considera a autenticidade cultural, a inclusão social, a conservação dos recursos naturais e a qualidade dos serviços, como peças fundamentais para a viabilidade econômica do turismo ao longo prazo. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar a capacidade de carga da Praia Brava, Itajaí/SC, considerando o conforto ambiental relativamente à população de moradores e usuários da praia e a projeção decorrente da futura instalação do empreendimento Complexo Turístico /Habitacional Canto da Brava. O estudo da capacidade de carga turística está atrelado a métodos de identificação e avaliação de indicadores ambientais. Dentre esses, foi escolhido para esse trabalho, o método de Cifuentes, que permite a integração e a quantificação de fatores físicos, bióticos e de infra-estrutura, através do cálculo das capacidades de carga física, real e efetiva. Os resultados quantitativos foram ainda ponderados por uma análise dos impactos e dos limites de mudança aceitáveis do ponto de vista da percepção do usuário.
Tasting fees and the youth market
Authors: Treloar Peter , Hall C. Michael
Published: December 2014

Many wineries in Australia and New Zealand are seeking strategies to continue to develop in a highly competitive marketplace. One such strategy is via the development of wine tourism. Although there is a significant amount of literature of the relative advantages and disadvantages of wine tourism for small wineries, particularly with respect to its educational and market development function, there is very little research available on how wine tourism is perceived by the next generation of wine drinkers – the youth market. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain a better understanding of how the youth market perceives tasting fees at wineries and influences on purchasing and other wine behaviours. In late 2003, 599 surveys were distributed to ten universities throughout Australia and New Zealand, of which 448 were returned, representing a valid response rate of 74.8 percent. The results of the survey indicated that the majority of respondents who thought of wine tourism as an appealing activity, who had visited wineries previously, who normally consumed and purchased wine and who had some knowledge of wine all thought that a fee at the cellar door would impact on their decision to visit. Wineries need to maximise the return on their wine, however there also needs to be recognition of the potential trade-off between immediate returns from charging for tastings and cellar-door sales versus longer-term returns from direct and indirect sales. In some markets, and particularly the ‘Generation Y’ market, seeking short-term returns through charging may affect longer-term custom and loyalty. However, regardless of the strategy, it is important that it is effectively communicated to the market, particularly if individual wineries are interested in growing the market for the future.
A opinião sobre uma crise turística: a cultura mediática nos bastidores
Authors: Ascanio Alfredo
Published: December 2014

No presente artigo examina-se o comportamento de 15 entrevistados pelo jornal La Província de Palmas de Gran Canarias (Espanha), através das suas opiniões sobre a crise no setor turístico. Utilizando a técnica de Análise do Discurso investiga-se o verdadeiro significado da crise nas viagens que se instalou naquela ilha do arquipélago canário. O resultado mostra que os entrevistados, com responsabilidade sobre a tomada de decisões, minimizam sua parte de culpa na crise turística e no excesso de hospedagens e tentam convencer aos leitores de que essa responsabilidade deve-se a outros setores e não às decisões internas e a fatores externos relacionados com a comercialização do “produto turístico” Las Palmas por parte de operadoras estrangeiras. Confirma-se, parcialmente, a hipótese de que muitas vezes “o que é transmitido produz a sensação de que algo é ocultado ou que não se diz toda a verdade”.
Gestão pública da hospitalidade urbana: estudo de caso do Parque da Água Branca na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Sagi Luciana Carla
Published: December 2014

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sobre a gestão pública do Parque da Água Branca na cidade de São Paulo e seus impactos na hospitalidade deste espaço. A pesquisa teve início em 2005 no mestrado em Hospitalidade da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi e teve prosseguimento independente até o ano de 2008. Foram analisadas as três principais dimensões da gestão: administrativa-institucional, sócio-política e econômica-financeira. Foi possível verificar como aspectos relacionados à capacitação dos recursos humanos, projetos políticos de maior amplitude, recursos físicos e sistemáticas de planejamento e relacionamento com os diversos atores sociais acabam por implicar na hospitalidade que o parque proporciona aos seus visitantes. O Parque da Água Branca vem tendo um bom desempenho nesse sentido, uma vez que os diversos componentes da gestão pública parecem estar caminhando para que este espaço seja uma área completa de lazer, que contemple os 3 D´s de Dumazedier (1980): descanso, divertimento e desenvolvimento, minimizando as pressões que afetam a população da metróple São Paulo.
Crônica de eventos: V Seminário da ANPTUR
Authors: Rejowski Mirian
Published: December 2014

A Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação em Turismo – ANPTUR – realizou, nos dias 25 e 26 de agosto de 2008, o V Seminário da ANPTUR, em Belo Horizonte (MG), no Centro Universitário UNA. A quinta edição deste Seminário teve por objetivo reunir a comunidade científica da área para a discussão do tema Turismo e Hospitalidade em Destinos Urbanos, a fim de propiciar novas reflexões sobre os desafios e perspectivas que se impõe nas próximas décadas, em especial para as cidades-sede de mega eventos. O Evento reuniu 214 participantes de todos os estados brasileiros, entre pesquisadores, docentes, discentes e estudiosos de Turismo, Hospitalidade, Lazer e áreas afins, que se mostravam ativos e entusiasmados no decorrer de todo o evento.
Pesquisa em Turismo: Panorama das Teses de Doutorado produzidas no Brasil de 2005 a 2007
Authors: Cappellano dos Santos Marcia Maria , Possamai Ana Maria De Paris , Marinho Marcela Ferreira
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo visa contribuir, no âmbito do período a que se refere e nos limites do recorte metodológico realizado, para a construção de uma visão global da pesquisa em Turismo no Brasil, ao focalizar as teses de doutorado incluídas no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes relativas ao arco de tempo 2005-2007. O estudo foi realizado objetivando enquadrá-las, com base nos objetivos constantes dos respectivos resumos, nas plataformas propostas por Jafari (1994), assim como identificar vínculos com as abordagens sistêmica, fenomenológica e “para além do fenômeno”. Os resultados corroboram que o turismo é predominantemente analisado à luz de outras áreas de conhecimento e apontam para o fato de que a pesquisa, no referido período, se situa na Plataforma de Conhecimento mantendo elos com as da Defesa, da Advertência e da Adaptação. Por outro lado, de modo incipiente, começa a instaurar-se um novo cenário da pesquisa em turismo, mediante o intuito de ultrapassar a esfera factual das atividades turísticas e redimensionar a compreensão do turismo como fenômeno. Questiona-se assim se o estudo do turismo estaria desenvolvendo uma nova dimensão dentro da Plataforma de Conhecimento ou estaria sendo desenvolvida uma nova plataforma, a da Epistemologia do Turismo.
CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO PRODUZIDO NOS CURSOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO (STRICTO SENSU) EM TURISMO E ÁREAS CORRELATAS NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2000 A 2006
Authors: Momm Christiane Fabíola , Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos
Published: December 2014

Investigação sobre o conhecimento científico produzido no campo de estudo do Turismo e áreas correlatas no Brasil, a partir das referências bibliográficas das dissertações desenvolvidas em quatro Programas de Pós-Graduação, no período de 2000 a 2006. Caracteriza-se como estudo exploratório, descritivo, qualitativo, apoiado nas ferramentas, técnicas e métodos bibliométricos e cienciométricos. O corpus é constituído de 334 referências bibliográficas, organizadas com base nas dissertações, e classificadas conforme o Tesauro de Turismo do Centro de Documentação Turística da Espanha. As análises geraram os seguintes resultados: constatou-se um total de 15 linhas de pesquisa no período de 2000 a 2006. Quanto ao conhecimento científico produzido, sinaliza-se que há alto grau de dispersão quanto às classes temáticas e linhas de pesquisa de todos os programas de mestrado. Demonstra a relação hierárquica entre os termos genéricos e os termos específicos e aponta as classes temáticas em que o conhecimento científico foi produzido e as áreas do conhecimento que dialogam com o campo de estudo. Finaliza com as considerações que sinalizam para reflexões acerca do desenvolvimento científico do Turismo no Brasil.