bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Quality Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Big-Eye Mandarin Fish (Siniperca knerii)
Authors: Lu Liang , Zhao Jinliang , Li Chenhong
Published: January 2020

The big-eye mandarin fish (Siniperca knerii) is an endemic species of southern China. It belongs to the family Sinipercidae, which is closely related to the well-known North American sunfish family Centrarchidae. Determining the genome sequence of S. knerii would provide a foundation for better examining its genetic diversity and population history. A novel sequenced genome of the Sinipercidae also would help in comparative study of the Centrarchidae using Siniperca as a reference. Here, we determined the genome sequence of S. knerii using 10x Genomics technology and next-generation sequencing. Paired-end sequencing on a half lane of HiSeq X platform generated 56 Gbp of raw data. Read assembly using Supernova assembler resulted in two haplotype genomes with 732.1 Mb in size and an average GC content of 40.4%, which is consistent with genome size previously reported or estimated using k-mer counting. A total of 7,989 scaffolds with an N50 score of 12.64 Mb were obtained. The longest scaffold was 30.54 Mb. Evaluation of the genome completeness using BUSCO confirmed that 96.5% genes of the Actinopterygii Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs were found in the assembled genome of S. knerii. Gene prediction using Maker annotation kit resulted in 28,440 genes, of which 25,899 genes had at least one hit comparing to the NCBI Nr database, KEGG or InterProScan5. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis of the genome showed that there was a bottleneck event of the population of S. knerii between 70 ka – 20 ka, which was concordant with the Tali glacier period, suggesting a population decline of S. knerii probably due to climate conditions.
Reymont's The Vampire: the beginning of infernal doom
Authors: Adamczyk Anna
Published: January 2020

In The Vampire Reymont presents London as the imperial city falling into decline, where Polish immigrants, who lack identity, wander timelessly. It is also a place where a mercantile society is immersed in a reality dominated by technological development. Reymont's novel allows us to analyse the space of London at the end of the 19th century, and the human fate which is determined by this space. In my paper I would like to focus on the analysis of the city space,including the division into centre and suburbs of London, and losing the way in a maze (a maze of streets and a maze of subconsciousness of the main characters), the consequences of abandoning sacrum, entropy, and the crisis of family and art. The interesting vision of London created by Reymont gives us answers to a few important questions. Do the Polish immigrants find themselves in a new reality? How does the experience of a modern city affect people's lives? Why cannot contemporary man find his place in the surrounding world?
Corporate social responsibilityin shaping the media image of the company
Authors: Andrejczuk Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Enterprises frequently employ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to create a positive brand image in the media. To further good relations with stakeholders, companies create an image before their customers by their participation in public campaigns and information in advertisements employing elements of CSR. Discussing this practice, I will highlight aspects of this phenomenon in the context of consumer opinion about advertisements. Some examples of companies show that Cause Related Marketing (CRM) and public campaigns are becoming more significant in the strategies of cause related companies. Enterprises at all costs want to buy their way into the favour of stakeholders, and through various marketing actions they try to build a strong brand and position in this way. In spite of the low evaluation of advertisements and the decline in confidence in them, enterprises aim to convince everyone that they are socially responsible companies.
The financial crisis and securitization
Authors: Szabłowska Ewa
Published: January 2020

Securitization means the change of non-liquid assets into securities. This topic has become more popular, mainly due to the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis. In this article, an analysis is given of the current situation in financial markets and the changes, which were implemented from the first days of subprime crisis. Also mentioned is the impact the crisis has had on securitization development. Part of the article is devoted to the situation on the Polish financial market. It is quite a new market and it is susceptible to such crises. The Article presents the part played by securitization in the Polish financial market and the circumstances for its growth in the near future. It also covers the latest information related to financial market regulations, which could have direct or indirect impact on the quantity and value of securitization transactions.
Odour as trace evidence
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa
Published: January 2020

There are a number of scent classification systems that typically take into account the similarities and differences in human olfactory perception, regardless of what chemical compounds cause a particular sensation. Also there is no objective, physical or chemical basis for the classification of odours, unlike eyesight or hearing. In fact, until now, scientists cannot explain, how it happens, that we can detect different scents. The present paper compares theories and classifications of human scent.
Contingency and its consequences in Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne
Authors: Umerle Tomasz
Published: January 2020

My paper proposes a new approach to the famous novel by Laurence Sterne TristramShandy. In my reading of this work I use the category of contingency which I define by referring to the German philosopher Odo Marquard and literary theories of a monographer of the contigency in literature and film Rafał Koschany. These are the basic inspirations for reflections on Tristram as a character, and simultaneously, narrator in the novel. In my view contingency manifests itself in Sterne's work in a two-fold manner it affects Tristram's life and narration. I will try to focus on the different ways in which these manifestations relate to each other.
Implementasi Kebijakan Layanan Pembebasan Biaya Perkara Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu Di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta Tahun 2017
Authors: Engkus Engkus , Nasrudin Rudi
Published: January 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara hukum yang mengakui dan melindungi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) pada setiap orang baik individu maupun kelompok tanpa mendiskriminasi ras, agama, suku, ekonomi, sehingga semua orang berhak mendapatkan pelayanan yang sama di mata hukum. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah implementasi kebijakan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pemberian Layanan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta tahun 2017, tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui tentang implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara serta kendala dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang terjadi dalam implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diambil dari dua sumber yaitu sumber primer dan sumber data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi terhadap layanan pembebasan biaya perkara yang dijadikan sebagai data awal, wawancara dengan pihak berkompeten dalam bidang layanan pembebasan biaya perkara, dan studi dokumentasi ialah data yang diperoleh melalui bahan kepustkaan yang berhubungan tentang implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, implementasi kebijakan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pemberian Layanan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta tahun 2017 sudah sesuai dengan aturan Mahkamah Agung yang tercanum, tetapi dalam pelaksanaanya adanya faktor kendala yang terletak pada sistem penyampaian informasi berbasis internet yang tidak tepat untuk masyarakat tidak mampu, sumber daya staf yang double job, anggaran dan kuota layanan pembebasan biaya perkara yang terbatas yang menimbulkan layanan tidak merata di kalangan masyarakat tidak mampu.
Digital Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of digital functions
Authors: VERGİLİ Tane , BORAT Ayse
Published: January 2020

Roughly speaking, the digital Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of digital images studies how far a digital image is away from being digitally contractible. The digital Lusternik-Schnirelmann category (digital LS category, for short) is defined in [A. Borat and T. Vergili, Digital Lusternik-Schnirelmann category, Turkish J. Math. 2018]. In this paper, we introduce the digital LS category of digital functions. We will give some basic properties and discuss how this new concept will behave if we change the adjacency relation in the domain and in the image of the digital function and discuss its relation with the digital LS category of a digital image.
Kolorektal kanserlerde vitamin D reseptör ekspresyonunun kolorektal kanserlerde evre ile ilişkili ve prognoz üzerine etkisi
Authors: PEPELER Mehmet Sezgin , SAVAŞ Berna , PAMUKCUOĞLU Merve , TÖRÜNER Murat , AKBULUT Hakan
Published: January 2020

Amaç:  Kolorektal kanser  hücrelerinde vit D reseptör ekspresyonunun
tespiti ve bu reseptör ekspresyon derecesi ile kolorektal kanser  prognoz ve evresinin ilişkisi olup olmadığını
tespit etmektir. Yöntem ve Gereç: Çalışmaya 2003-2009
tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (AÜTF)  Genel Cerrahi Bölümünde opere olmuş, AÜTF
Patoloji Bölümünde Kolon ve Rektum kanseri  (KRK) tanısı konulup medikal tedavisi AÜTF
Tıbbi Onkoloji Bölümünce yapılan hastalar dahil edilmiştir.Vit D reseptörlerinin değerlendirilmesi için
seçilen olguların Hematoksilen ve Eozin (H-E) kesitleri yeniden
değerlendirildi. Bulgular:  Vit D reseptörü pozitif
olan hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da medyan   sağkalım
reseptör negatif olanlara göre daha  iyi
bulunmuştur. Vitamin D reseptör (VDR)  pozitif olanlarda medyan sağkalıma
ulaşılamamıştır.5 yıllık sağkalım %69,4 oranında saptanmıştır. VDR negatif
olanlarda medyan sağkalım 60 ay saptanmıştır. 5 yıllık sağkalım %32 oranında
bulunmuştur. VDR pozitif ve negatif olanlar arasında medyan sağ kalım açısından
istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır(p:0,053). Hastalıksız sağkalım
için VDR'e göre anlamlı fark saptanmadı.VDR negatif olanlarda 5 yıllık
hastalıksız sağkalım  %56.8 bulunurken, VDR pozitif olanlarda  %43.3 bulunmuştur (Şekil 2.2). 

Sonuç: VDR ekspresyonunun KRK
prognozu üzerine olan etkisinin tek başına anlamlı olmadığı saptanmıştır. 
Reseptör ekspresyonu dışında reseptör polimorfizminin ve reseptörün etkilediği
yolaklarda rol oynayan mutasyonların da prognozu belirlemede etkili olabileceği
kanısına varılmıştır.
Translanguaging and Linguistic Landscapes: A Study of Manitoban Schoolscapes
Authors: Cormier Gail
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article will be to review how the theory of translanguaging can be used to explore the linguistic landscapes of bi- and multilingual schools. Such an approach requires researchers to view space and language holistically since translanguaging practices occur not only within an individual but also within a particular space. As a result, a school’s linguistic landscape (schoolscape) can be viewed as a representation of the students’ language repertoire. Qualitative data will be presented from three different secondary school contexts in Manitoba, Canada; French immersion single-track, French immersion dual-track and French-language schools. This data will illustrate how translanguaging offers a new way to approach the analysis of schoolscapes in bi- and multilingual contexts.

Keywords: translanguaging, linguistic landscapes, French immersion education, French-language education
Translanguaging for Cognitive Relief in FL Academic Writing
Authors: Machura Ina Alexandra
Published: January 2020

In the present study, two groups of German undergraduates taking a course in English Linguistics at a midwestern German university were compared in terms of their attitudes towards translanguaging, their translanguaging behaviour during foreign-language academic writing processes, and the quality of their foreign-language texts. One group was taught with a translanguaging teaching approach, the other group was taught monolingually in English. Students in the translanguaging group became aware of the benefits translanguaging can have during foreign-language academic writing processes. Students’ translanguaging behaviour during foreign-language academic writing is discussed in two case studies. Importantly, more students in the translanguaging than in the English group improved their ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information in academic texts, a finding that underscores the didactic importance of translanguaging in tertiary education.

Keywords: translanguaging, tertiary education, academic writing, beliefs and attitudes, FL text quality
Translation and Translanguaging Pedagogies in Intercomprehension and Multilingual Teaching
Authors: Oliva Cedric Joseph , Donato Clorinda , Ricciardelli Francesca
Published: January 2020

Since 2007, California State University, Long Beach has developed and offered courses that highlight students’ pre-existing linguistic repertoires in English and in the Romance languages. These courses are unique in that they build upon a multilingual base for the acquisition of new languages through the method of intercomprehension. As an approach that moves among languages, Intercomprehension places learners in conditions that are conducive to translanguaging and translation. This paper discusses the role of translation and translanguaging in Intercomprehension as a pedagogical approach in these courses. Since our students are constantly moving between English and one ormore Romance language(s), they actively bring the other Romance languages they are learning into the translingual repertoire they already practice through the multilingual learning strategies deployed in intercomprehension.

Keywords: intercomprehension, plurilingualism, multilingualism, pedagogies, translanguaging, translingual practices
“We are all (potential) plurilinguals”: Plurilingualism as an Overarching, Holistic Concept
Authors: Piccardo Enrica
Published: January 2020

In spite of the spark that plurilingualism has given throughout Europe and beyond to the idea that linguistic and cultural diversity is an asset rather than an obstacle, the term plurilingualism itself has not frequently been used in the English-speaking world. Beginning with an analysis of this issue, this paper aims to help readers better understand the nature of the concept of plurilingualism and reflect on its social and educational value. To do so, it firstly presents the term from a historical and comparative perspective in relation to other terms used in the English-speaking literature. It then moves on to explain the crucial difference between plurilingualism and multilingualism, thus introducing the notion of dynamic repertoire and its underlying theoretical perspective. Finally, the article introduces the descriptors for plurilingual and pluricultural competence from the newly released CEFR Companion Volume, together with the potential for these descriptors to facilitate mediation and plurilanguaging among learners and to foster a new, open, and positive attitude towards linguistic and cultural diversity in language classes.

Keywords: plurilingualism, multilingualism, plurilanguaging, CEFR, mediation
Conversations autour du plurilinguisme. Théorisation du pluriel et pouvoir des langues
Authors: Moore Danièle
Published: January 2020

Tandis qu’on note depuis quelques années une floraison de concepts cherchant à mieux théoriser la complexité et le pluriel en didactique des langues, ces nouveaux termes ne servent-ils qu’à dépoussiérer ou remettre à la mode des notions antérieures ? Entrent-ils en conflit ou en résonance ? Et comment ?Cette contribution vise à poser quelques repères au sein d’un parcours situé, subjectif, à travers quelques jalons qui marquent la théorisation de la compétence plurilingue et pluri-/interculturelle (CPP) en Europe, notamment francophone. On discutera comment ces conceptualisations du plurilinguisme entrent en écho avec un autre concept du champ aujourd’hui largement circulant, celui de translanguaging. La contribution invite à resituer quelques espaces-temps du dialogue académique et invoque le pouvoir des langues dans la complexification conceptuelle.

Mots-clés : plurilinguisme, compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle, translanguaging, didactique du plurilinguisme
Translanguaging and Multilingual Academic Literacies: How Do We Translate That into French? Should We? Pour en faire quoi ? (et pourquoi s'en faire?)
Authors: Gentil Guillaume
Published: January 2020

Translanguaging has become an inescapable notion in the anglophone literature on multilingual education. Questions thus arise as to whether and how it should be imported into francophone educational discourse, which has developed parallel vocabularies and orientations. The stakes are not only terminological — how to import a notion with ill-defined contours from one discursive universe to another — but pedagogical and political: what value could be added by the notion of translanguaging, either translated or borrowed as is, not only in addressing the needs of plurilingual writers who, like francophone educators, must reconceptualize English disciplinary discourses in another language, but also in creating more equitable conditions for the circulation of ideas across linguistic and national lines? To tackle these questions, this paper draws on two sources of insight: strategies for cross-lingual mediation developed in translationand terminology studies, and lessons from the import of literacy into francophone discourse in the 1990s and 2000s. Existing uses and translations of translanguaging are then reviewed, and new translation equivalents proposed to render and clarify the multiple meanings of translanguaging and operationalize the notion in French. In keeping with a translanguaging approach, the paper translanguages about translanguaging, deepening our understanding of it through more than one linguistic lens.

Keywords: Translanguaging, translation and writing pedagogy, multilingual terminology, multilingual academic literacies, crosslingual reading and composing, international circulation of ideas
Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia after laparoscopic gastric band removal: a rare case report
Authors: Fraga Emília C. , Camacho Cristina P. , Almeida Ana C. , Amaral Maria J. , Almeida João R.
Published: January 2020

Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication of esophageal and upper abdominal surgery. The use of the gastric band has been an established and popular surgical treatment for morbid obesity. We describe a rare case of a patient who had undergone laparoscopic surgery to remove an adjustable gastric band, who presented 5 months later with an acute intense thoracic pain. The computed tomography scan revealed a diaphragmatic hernia containing the stomach. The patient required emergent laparoscopic surgery to reduce the hernia, repair the defect and resection of the ischemic stomach. In this case report, we discuss the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this very rare complication of laparoscopic gastric banding removal.
Evaluation of factors, associated with defaulting routine immunization in children
Authors: Chinnappa Gayathri Devi , Reddy Chikkanarasa P. S. , Sabapathy Sarala , Varghese Deepthy Alice
Published: January 2020

Background: India was one of the first countries to adopt the World Health Organization’s Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI). The program started globally in 1974 and was initiated in India in 1978. Immunization is considered to be one of the most important cost-effective and a powerful public health intervention. Achieving maximum coverage, however, has been a challenge due to many reasons, including high rates of defaulters from the program. The term ªdefaulterº is used to refer a child who misses the scheduled vaccinations for any reason. The objective of this study was to explore the reasons behind defaulting from the routine immunization program.Methods: A study was conducted in Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Bangalore between January 2012 and December 2012. A total of sixty six children’s’ details were gathered from mothers of defaulted children. Children below 5 years attending OPD were included in the study. Children above 5 years and inpatients were excluded. Observations and review of relevant documents was done.Results: Of the 66 children, in our study, males were more than females. Children in the age group of 2 years to 5 years were 17(25%) as compared to those between 1 to 2 years. Mothers were more literate than fathers. Muslim children had the best immunization coverage. The main determinant of defaulting was lack of knowledge and awareness regarding immunization by the mothers (21/31%) followed by sickness in children (11/16%), causing them to default immunization schedulesConclusions: The main reason for defaulting from the immunization program was lack of awareness, regarding immunization by mothers in the community.
A study of the correlation between the pre-operative high resolution computed tomography findings and intra-operative findings in chronic otitis media-squamosal type
Authors: Pillai Gopinathan N. , Reynolds Anjana Mary , Tom Melwin
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is characterized by ear discharge and hearing loss. There are two types of COM depending on the presence or absence of cholesteatoma. COM with cholesteatoma is termed as COM squamosal type and COM without cholesteatoma is termed COM mucosal type. COM squamosal type is associated with potential complications. If cholesteatoma is detected early, less invasive surgical methods can be used for hearing preservation and make ear safe from recurrent infections. A proper clinical examination can most often diagnose a cholesteatoma but require a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan to assess the extent of the disease and potential complications. But most often the intra operative findings may not correlate with the HRCT findings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation of COM squamosal disease, preoperative HRCT and intra-operative findings and formulate a proper surgical intervention to avoid complications.  

Methods: This is a comparative study of the pre-operative HRCT and intra-operative findings in COM squamosal type. In the present study of 35 patients with squamosal disease, the HRCT findings were compared with intra-operative findings.

Results: The study showed a good correlation between pre-operative HRCT of temporal bone and intra operative finding. The findings are statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions: The study shows a good correlation between pre-operative HRCT temporal bone and intra-operative findings.
Opening Up the Unfamiliar and Enabling New Pathways for Movement and Becoming: Through, In, and Beyond Attachment
Authors: Carlyle Donna , Robson Ian , Lhussier Monique
Published: January 2020

The philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari opens up vast potential to disrupt and explore some of the confines of attachment theory when considering the development of enchantment, wishful, and magical thinking in childhood. Through connection with the use of the fairy tale, we seek to illuminate and illustrate the lines of flight, which activate resistance against the universalism of attachment theory and linear process of child development. In using the classic tale of Peter Pan as metaphor, and by applying Deleuzian philosophy and mythology, we aim to expand current thinking about the nature of childhood. By translating text into visual meaning, thus creating a lens with which to view an alternative pathway for child development, the complexity of the spatiotemporality of relationships as a contemporary adjunct to attachment theory is materialized to produce an affective picture of the non-linear dimension and process of development in children. This affective genre illuminates the embodied andsensory aspects of “becoming,” which challenges a reductionist view of relationships. In doing so, this allows a state change that enables professionals and scholars to see differently.
The Play's the Thing Wherein We'll Catch the Conscience of the Times
Authors: Quarmby Kevin A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction to Scene 2018.1 with a summary of the contributions.
Toxicity of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum Extracts against Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Nigeria
Authors: Ileke Kayode David , Adesina Jacobs Mobolade
Published: January 2020

Background: Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) transmit malaria parasite that causes malaria fever in humans, causing millions of deaths every year among infants in tropical countries. This study was undertaken to assess the tox-icity of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum against pre-adult stages and adult malaria vector, An. gambiae and non-targeted aquatic organism, fingerlings of Clarias garipienus.
Methods: Ethalonic extracts of O. basilicum and O. gratissimum were prepared according to the method described by WHO. The larvae and pupae of An. gambiae were exposed to plant extracts for 24h and their mortality was recorded. Toxicity of Ocimum species on non-targeted organism, fingerlings of C. garipienus was also investigated.
Results: Ocimum basilicum showed remarkably potency against pre-adult stages and adults An. gambiae causing 100% mortality at 0.4% concentration within 24h of treatment. The LC50 and LC90 of O. basilicum were lower than O. gratti-simum in all stages of An. gambiae studied. Ocimum basilicum and O. gratissimum extracts significantly reduced the number of bites by the vector given a range of 72.25% to 81.75% protection. Ocimum species at the tested concentra-tions did not significantly reduce the number of fingerlings introduced.
Conclusion: Ocimum species at the tested concentrations did not significantly reduce the numbers of non-targeted or-ganisms, fingerlings introduced. Therefore, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum
First Report of Biochemical Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in the Field Population of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) From Sari, Mazandaran, North of Iran
Authors: Nikookar Seyed Hassan , Fazeli-Dinan Mahmoud , Ziapour Seyyed Payman , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Salim-Abadi Yaser , Vatandoost Hassan , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Enayati Ahmadali
Published: January 2020

Background: Culex pipiens play an important role in transmission of infectious diseases. Vector control by chemical pesticides, leads inevitably to resistance development. Understanding the underlying resistance mechanisms can help improve the control programmes and insecticide resistance management.
Methods: The total contents of cytochrome p450s and the activities of glutathione S-transferases, alpha- and beta-esterases and inhibition rates of acetylcholine esterase (by propoxur) were measured in the field population of Cx. pipiens collected from Sari County, North of Iran, in 2016 and the results were compared with those of the laboratory susceptible strain according to the biochemical assay methods of WHO for adult mosquitoes. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean values of enzyme activities/contents between filed and laboratory susceptible popula-tions.
Results: The enzyme ratio of cytochrome p450s, alpha- and beta-esterases in the field population was 2.07, 3.72 and 1.36 respectively when compared with the results of the laboratory population. Although not statistically significant, the mean GSTs activities in the field population was marginally less than the laboratory population (ER=0.92). Ace-tylcholinesterase was insensitive to propoxur in 62.82% of the individuals of the tested field population. There was a significant difference (P< 0.05) between all values of the activities/contents of the enzyme in the field population except for GSTs compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. The highest enzyme activity was related to alpha esterase.
Conclusion: The present study showed a range of metabolic mechanisms, comprising p450s and esterases combined with target site insensitivity of AChE, contributing to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the field population of Cx. pipiens.
A Molecular Screening of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Flaviviruses in a Focus of West Nile Virus Infection in Northern Iran
Authors: Moin-Vaziri Vahideh , Charrel Remi N , Badakhshan Mehdi , Lamballerie Xavier de , Rahbarian Nourina , Mohammadi Bavani Mulood , Azari-Hamidian Shahyad
Published: January 2020

Background: Mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile (WN), dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Sindbis viruses are reported in Iran, but large-scale studies have not been performed on mosquitoes to find their vectors. A molecular study of the adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for flaviviruses was carried out in a focus of WN infection, Guilan Province, northern Iran.
Methods: Mosquito collections were carried out in five stations of two counties (Anzali and Rasht) using light traps, hand catch by manual aspirators and night landing catch during August–September 2013 and 2014. Molecular screening of WN virus and more widely for Flavivirus RNA was carried out using a specific PCR technique.
Results: In total, 1015 adult mosquitoes were collected including eight species representing four genera. The most preva-lent species were Aedes vexans (33.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (22%), Cx. pipiens (20.7%), and Anopheles maculi-pennis s.l. (15.6%). Molecular screening was carried out on the 1015 mosquitoes after they were organized as 38 pools according to sex, species and trapping location. None of the pools were positive.
Conclusion: Surveillance should be continued while increasing the sampling campaigns due to the presence of wetlands in the region and abundant species which are considered as vectors, feeding on both birds and humans.
Comparative Performance of Different Traps for Collection of Phlebotominae Sand Flies and Estimation of Biodiversity Indices in Three Endemic Leishmaniasis Foci in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran
Authors: Arzamani Kourosh , Rassi Yavar , Vatandoost Hassan , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Abai Mohammad Reza , Alavinia Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Mohebali Mehdi , Rafizadeh Sayena , Karimian Fateh , Badakhshan Mehdi , Absavaran Azad
Published: January 2020

Background: Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of leishmaniasis. There are different methods for sand fly collection with different performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of different traps for collection of Phlebotominae sand flies in three endemic leishmaniasis foci in North Khorasan Prov-ince, northeast of Iran.
Methods: Sand flies were collected using seven different traps from three villages, three times each twenty days during peak periods of seasonal activity in 2016.
Results: A total of 7253 sand flies were collected. The specimens belonged to19 species. Phlebotomus sergenti was the most predominant species in the study area. Light trap baited with Carbon dioxide (CLT) and sticky paper trap (SPT) caught 22.6% and 22.3% of sand flies respectively. Animal baited trap (ABT) and white Shannon trap (WST) caught significantly fewer sand flies than the other traps. The sex ratio was different by phlebotominae sand fly species and collection methods. The sex ratio was highest in SPT and lowest in black Shannon trap (BST). Species diversity and species richness in SPT were more than other traps.
Conclusion: Our findings confirm that CLT and SPT are the most efficient sand fly collection methods. CLT is higher attractive for females and Phlebotomus genus and is an ideal method for monitoring the population of Phlebotomus ge-nus during surveillance. SPT is an inexpensive, convenient and easy to be used to detect the presence of sand flies at low densities and provide a more realistic estimation of sand flies biodiversity.
Baseline Susceptibility of Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Different Imagicides, in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran
Authors: Hazratian Teimour , Paksa Azim , Sedaghat Mohammad Mahdi , Vatandoost Hassan , Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Salim-Abadi Yaser , Pirmohammadi Masoumeh , Yousefi Saideh , Amin Masoumeh , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2020

Background: Culiseta longiareolata is an important vector for many human diseases such as brucellosis, avian influen-za and West Nile encephalitis. It is likely an intermediate host of avian Plasmodium that can transmit Malta fever. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility level of Cs. longiareolata to different classes of imagicides which are recommended by World Health Organization .
Methods: Larval stages of the Cs. longiareolata were collected from their natural habitats in Marand County at East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern of Iran in 2017. Adult susceptibility test were carried out with using impregnated papers to insecticides including DDT 4%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Propoxur 0.1% and Fenitrothion 1% by standard test kits.
Results: Results showed that Cs. longiareolata adult is more susceptible to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Among tested insecticides, Cyfluthrin was the most toxic against Cs. longiareolata with LT50 value of 11.53 minutes and Fenitrothion had the least toxic effect (LT50: 63.39 min).
Conclusions: This study provided a guideline for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against Cs. longiareolata mosquitoes for further decision making.
Urinary Canthariasis Due to Tenebrio molitor Larva in a Ten-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Aelami Mohammad Hassan , Khoei Alireza , Ghorbani Hamidreza , Seilanian-Toosi Farrokh , Poustchi Elham , Hosseini-Farash Bibi Razieh , Moghaddas Elham
Published: January 2020

Canthariasis is a human disease caused by infestation of beetle larvae. We report here an unusual cause of urogenital in-fection due to Tenebrio molitor in a 10-year-old boy suffering from severe and intermittent suprapubic pain from Nehban-dan City, Northeastern Iran in 2018. After 9 months, three larvae were excreted. Keratinization of bladder wall was ob-served in histopathology. All laboratory evaluations were normal except for presence of microscopic hematuria. This re-port implicated that T. molitor could infest bladder accidentally and cause canthariasis and clinical symptoms that may lead to severe pain and bladder inflammation and hyperemia.
First Detection of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Algiers, the Capital City of Algeria
Authors: Benallal Kamel Eddine , Garni Rafik , Bouiba Lazhari , Harrat Zoubir
Published: January 2020

Background: Based on the reporting of the presence of stripped mosquitoes by a citizen in the Algiers residential neighborhood of Bir-Khadem, where residents experienced huge daytime mosquito nuisance an entomological inves-tigation was carried out in July 2016.
Methods: Ovitraps and BG sentinel traps baited with Lure were used during three consecutive days to collect adult mosquitoes. Eighteen residential houses of the Bir-Khadem neighborhood were also inspected to search larvae breed-ing sites such as water fountains, baskets and flowerpots.
Results: A total of 57 Aedes albopictus specimens were collected in five villas, consisting of 21 eggs, 20 larvae and 16 adults.
Conclusion: This is the first record of this invasive species in Algiers.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Celebrex and Celecoxib for Pain Relief after Periodontal Surgeries
Authors: Naseh MohamadReza , Mirkeshavarz Masoumeh , Jafary Zahra
Published: January 2020

Background: Currently one of the most common problems in dentistry is effective pain management after dental surgeries. Celecoxib is the only specific COX-2 inhibitor used in Iran.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Celecoxib (an Iranian product) and Celebrex in pain relief after periodontal surgery.
Materials and methods: This randomized double-blind cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with chronic periodontitis. The patients underwent surgical procedures on two posterior symmetric sextant with a 4-week interval. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: Group A: 200 mg of Celebrex under the brand name, (bid) and group B: 200 mg of Celecoxib (bid). The patients reported their pain level using VAS (visual analog scale) 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after periodontal surgery. Data were analyzed with SPSS 15, using Mann-Whitney and Freidman’s tests.
Results: Statistical analysis of data showed significant differences between Celecoxib and Celebrex 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery (P<0.05). In each group there were significant differences between different postoperative intervals (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the lower rate of side effects of COX-2 specific inhibitors, if the patients have no financial problems, Celebrex can be a proper choice for pain management after periodontal surgeries.
Measurement of buccal cortical plate thickness in the mandible of dentate adults in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Ghoncheh Zahra , Moghaddamzadeh Behrang , Kaviani Hanieh , Jamali Golshan , Feizi Maral
Published: January 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the buccal cortical plate thickness in the mandible of
dentate adults in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: Eighty CBCT images were evaluated in this study using NNT
Viewer 6.0 software. Images had high-resolution and had been taken by NewTom CBCT scanner
with 11 x 8cm field of view. Measurements were made using the digital ruler of the software with
0.1mm accuracy. All analyses were performed by two observers: an oral and maxillofacial radiologist
and a general dentist. In case of disagreement between the observers, measurements were
repeated and the mean value was used for analysis. Data were analyzed by using linear regression.
Results: The results showed that the thickness of buccal cortical plate increased from the canine
towards the second molar site. The second molar site had the greatest density and thickness. Gender
had a significant effect on the thickness of buccal cortical plate (P<0.05) but the effect of right/
left quadrant was not significant (P>0.05). The effect of age on this thickness was insignificant in
some (P>0.05) and significant (P<0.05) in some other areas such that by an increase in age of patients,
this thickness decreased (i.e. at the apex of canine, second premolar and second molar teeth).
Conclusion: The buccal cortical plate thickness of the mandible increases from the anterior
towards the posterior region, and the second molar area has the greatest thickness and density
suitable for placement of orthodontic mini-implants or harvesting autogenous grafts.
Evaluation of satisfaction of senior postgraduate students of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the specialty curriculum during the 2016−2017 educational year
Authors: Khorasani Mansour , Nokhbeh Zaim Ali , Janbaz Pejman
Published: January 2020

Objective: Evaluation of the quality of education and the relevant curriculum is one of the most
important steps for optimizing the educational process. One of the ways to address the quality
control is to continuously assess the postgraduate students’ opinions. This study aimed to evaluate
satisfaction of senior postgraduate students of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the specialty
curriculum.
Materials and Methods: The target population in the present cross-sectional study consisted
of all the senior postgraduate students in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery all over
Iran during the 2016−2017 educational year. The research questions consisted of 3 questions on
demographic variables and 23 on educational variables, the characteristics of clinical education
(including physical conditions and the number and varieties of the patients), the possibility of
access to academic sources, the independent activity of post graduate students in taking history,
the quality of educational activity of the professors, the quality of hospital wards and their interest
in their field of study.
Results: The mean age of the post graduate students was 32.4Å}3.8 and 93.5% % were male.
Among the post graduate students, 58.1% were fully satisfied and 41.9% were moderately satisfied
with the curriculum. A total of 64.5% of the post graduate students were fully satisfied with theoretical
lessons, while 32.3% and 3.2% exhibiting moderate and low satisfaction rates, respectively.
For practical training, 61.3% of the post graduate students were fully satisfied and 38.7% exhibited
a moderate level of satisfaction. In clinical training, 7.38% of the post graduate students reported
full satisfaction, while 58.1% and 3.2% reporting moderate and low rates of satisfaction, respectively.
A total of 58.1% of the post graduate students were moderately satisfied with the facilities
available and 41.9% reported a low satisfaction rate. Satisfaction was the same among females and
males.
Conclusion: Since the educational curricula and the educational facilities have been designed
for high-quality education of the post graduate students, it is necessary to take the necessary steps
to revise the curricula and improve the educational facilities.
Retrograde fiberoptic intubation
Authors: Babakhani Babak , Moharrami Mohammad , Abbasi Amir Jalal
Published: January 2020

This technical note aims to introduce a new approach for intubation of patients with restricted
mouth opening in cases that conventional and fiberoptic-assisted endotracheal intubation are not
possible. The proposed technique is a modification to the previously well-established retrograde
intubation method. The main advantage of this new technique is the employment of fiberscope for
direct visualization which eliminates the use of guide wire. The endotracheal tube enters through
the nostril and is railroaded using the fiberscope as a guide. Using this new technique can prevent
the complications of tracheostomy and the traditional retrograde intubation in patients that anterograde
intubation is not feasible. The promising result of conducting the intubation with this
approach can be considered the basis for future clinical investigation.
Microwave Pre-processing Effect on Pectin Yield from Citrus Raw Material
Authors: Alekseev Gennady , Egorova Olga , Egorov Aleksey
Published: January 2020

The article describes a more environmentally friendly method to produce pectin compared to the classical acid scheme, which requires the use of strong mineral acids and toxic solvents. This method of obtaining pectin, like other analogs of the classical method, causes a decrease in the yield of the final product. This study aims to find ways of eliminating these barriers and increase the yield of pectin. The paper investigates the possibility to increase the yield of pectin obtained by acid hydrolysis applying citric acid through the use of preliminary microwave exposure to citrus raw materials. The work compares pectin quality indicators, such as the degree of esterification, molecular weight and gelation, for raw materials dried by the convective method and the combined method consisting of microwave pretreatment and blowing dry air. Curves of comparable pre-drying methods are presented. The rate of pectin yield at the stages of hydrolysis depending on the drying methods is analyzed. Optimal power modes for preliminary microwave drying of citrus raw materials are selected. The data obtained are valuable for both development and improvement of industrial technology of pectin production using environmental methods of extraction without the use of strong mineral acids to increase the yield and quality of pectin.
Research of the Nutritional Value of Combined Fish Pastes for Functional Food
Authors: Alekseev Gennadii , Leu Anna , Eliseeva Svetlana , Sergacheva Elena
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the assessment of the nutritional value of fish products based on minced fish, which is becoming more common at present. Thus, the Japanese industry produces more than 1 million tons of products of six hundred items based on minced fish and mashed potatoes. Analysis of production experience shows that in recent years, products made from minced meat, imitating seafood specialties, have been the most popular. In various studies conducted by various authors on the use of fish as a food product, there is no information on recipes that allow the use of most pelagic fish in the dietary diet. To address these issues, it is necessary to investigate the influence of culinary and technological methods on the chemical composition, structural and mechanical properties of fish, and the taste of the finished product. It is known that the chemical composition of fish is subject to considerable fluctuations and significantly affects the choice of recipes and the method of culinary processing. Presented in the literature, the averaged data of various researchers on the chemical composition of fish of mass fishing that are promising for dietary nutrition require clarification for different functional food groups.
New Approach on Organizing the Monitoring of Macrophytobenthos in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Malavenda Sergey , Malavenda Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The minimum number of samples was estimated based on the studies of the distribution of macrophytobenthos. The existing norms of three replicates per sampling station do not always allow to obtain reliable average values. The collection of a large number of samples, especially seasonally, will lead to significant changes in the studied community. It is recommended to put into practice the use of the method of photographing the areas of particular size along transects for further analysis using special software. It is proposed also to amend the existing regulatory documents on sampling of macrophytobenthos in the Barents Sea and other seas of the Russian Arctic. In particular, it is worth making the most of landscape surveys and mapping. The development of a monitoring system for species diversity and macrophytobenthos distribution in the seas of the Russian Arctic is justified in regard to the monitoring of the community state, including that considering the climate change.
Developing New Foodstuffs Using Microwave-cooked Cod Liver and Its Oil
Authors: Kovaleva Olga , Dvoryankina Christina , Volchenko Vasily
Published: January 2020

The non-sterilized cooked cod liver has been used as a novelty in the technology of culinary and making of sausage products. This cod liver has been cooked using microwave processing. The semi-finished cod liver oil separated during such microwave treatment has been also used for preparing such production. As for cooked boiled sausages, pork heart and venison have also been used in the composition with a view to enrich the nutritional value.