bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric comparison of deformable image registration and synthetic CT generation based on CBCT images for organs at risk in cervical cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Chang Yankui , Liang Yongguang , Yang Bo , Qiu Jie , Pei Xi , Xu Xie George
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Anatomical variations existing in cervical cancer radiotherapy treatment can be monitored by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Deformable image registration (DIR) from planning CT (pCT) to CBCT images and synthetic CT (sCT) image generation based on CBCT are two methods for improving the quality of CBCT images. This study aims to compare the accuracy of these two approaches geometrically and dosimetrically in cervical cancer radiotherapy.
Methods:
In this study, 40 paired pCT-CBCT images were collected to evaluate the accuracy of DIR and sCT generation. The DIR method was based on a 3D multistage registration network that was trained with 150 paired pCT-CBCT images, and the sCT generation method was performed based on a 2D cycle-consistent adversarial network (CycleGAN) with 6000 paired pCT-CBCT slices for training. Then, the doses were recalculated with the CBCT, pCT, deformed pCT (dpCT) and sCT images by a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose code, ArcherQA, to obtain DoseCBCT, DosepCT, DosedpCT and DosesCT. Organs at risk (OARs) included small intestine, rectum, bladder, spinal cord, femoral heads and bone marrow, CBCT and pCT contours were delineated manually, dpCT contours were propagated through deformation vector fields, sCT contours were auto-segmented and corrected manually.
Results:
The global gamma pass rate of DosesCT and DosedpCT was 99.66% ± 0.34%, while that of DoseCBCT and DosedpCT was 85.92% ± 7.56% at the 1%/1 mm criterion and a low-dose threshold of 10%. Based on DosedpCT as uniform dose distribution, there were comparable errors in femoral heads and bone marrow for the dpCT and sCT contours compared with CBCT contours, while sCT contours had lower errors in small intestine, rectum, bladder and spinal cord, especially for those with large volume difference of pCT and CBCT.
Conclusions:
For cervical cancer radiotherapy, the DIR method and sCT generation could produce similar precise dose distributions, but sCT contours had higher accuracy when the difference in planning CT and CBCT was large.
Improved Diagnosis of Capsule in Hepatocallular Carcinoma by Adding Nonenhancing Capsule to Enhancing Capsule in Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Nishioka Eiko , Sofue Keitaro , Maruyama Koji , Ueshima Eisuke , Ueno Yoshiko , Tsurusaki Masakatsu , Komatsu Shohei , Fukumoto Takumi , Murakami Takamichi
Published: October 2022

To assess the value of nonenhancing capsule by adding to enhancing capsule in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) in comparison with contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One-hundred fifty-one patients with HCC who underwent both CE-CT and EOB-MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 imaging features, including enhancing and nonenhancing capsule were evaluated by two readers in CE-CT and EOB-MRI. Frequencies of each imaging feature were compared between CE-CT and EOB-MRI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve for the diagnosis of histological capsule was compared across the following three imaging criteria: (1) enhancing capsule in CE-CT, (2) enhancing capsule in EOB-MRI, and (3) enhancing/nonenhancing capsule in EOB-MRI. Enhancing capsule in EOB-MRI was significantly less frequently depicted than that in CE-CT (p = < 0.001–0.016). Enhancing/nonenhancing capsule in EOB-MRI achieved a similar frequency of enhancing in CE-CT (p = 0.465–0.590). Adding nonenhancing capsule to enhancing capsule in EOB-MRI significantly increased AUCs (p < 0.001) and achieved similar AUCs compared with enhancing capsule in CE-CT (p = 0.470–0.666) in both readers. Adding nonenhancing capsule to the definition of capsule appearance can improve the diagnosis of capsule in EOB-MRI and decrease discordance of capsule appearance between EOB-MRI and CE-CT.
An optimized inversion method for in-situ stresses based on Rhino accurate modeling and large-scale transverse isotropic theory
Authors: Song Weihua , Jiao Huice , Xu Xiaotian , He Ping
Published: October 2022

In-situ stresses are significantly important for underground mining geotechnical design and coal seam gas management in underground coal mines. The past research always assumed an isotropic elastomer in the rock mass so that they could propose multivariate linear regression to predict the in-situ stresses. However, such a method normally led to a huge error if some extreme ground conditions presented such as massive bedding structures and frequent variations in the dip angles of discontinuities. The Guodishan fault area has complex geological conditions. In order to study the distribution characteristics of regional geostress field, this paper established an accurate 3D geological model of the area near the Guodishan fault by Rhino. Combined with the idea of large-scale transverse isotropy, we successfully extrapolated the original in-situ stress near the fault by using finite difference software, and determined the relationship between the gas hazard of coal seam in the fault and the in-situ stress. It was found that the 3D model development in Rhino could increase the accuracy of the geological conditions so that the accuracy of the in-situ stress inversion can be improved consequently. Based on the transverse isotropic modelling methods for numerical calculations, a more accurate in-situ stresses field could be obtained. The coal seam F16-17 at the foot wall of the fault has a K ratio greater than one indicating a significant influence of the fault structures on the in-situ stresses distribution. Between levels − 300m and − 900m, the seam at the hanging wall area of the fault is deeper than seam at the foot wall area leading the original in-situ stress at hanging wall as much as 1.69 times that at the footwall. This would pose a greater gas risk in the hanging wall area than the foot wall area. The area close to the fault has a higher stress gradient which might lead to a higher risk of hazards.
The Clinical Application of Optimized AT(N) Classification in Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome (ACS) and non-ACS Conditions
Authors: Kasuga Kensaku , Tsukie Tamao , Kikuchi Masataka , Tokutake Takayoshi , Washiyama Kazuo , Simizu Soichiro , Yoshizawa Hiroshi , Kuroha Yasuko , Yajima Ryuji , Mori Hiroshi , Arakawa Yasuaki , Onda Kiyoshi , Miyashita Akinori , Onodera Osamu , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ikeuchi Takeshi
Published: October 2022

Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflect the pathological process underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and improve the accuracy of AD diagnosis. AT(N) classification using these CSF biomarkers was applied to define AD continuum in the research framework. However, there has been little research into the utility of AT(N) classification in clinical practice.
Methods
We measured the CSF levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) 42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau, total tau (tTau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in samples from 640 clinical cases, comprising 230 patients with Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (ACS) and 410 patients with non-ACS. The concordance between two A-markers (i.e., Aβ42 alone and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio) and the two N-markers (i.e., tTau and NfL) were analyzed. We evaluated the prevalence of biological AD and the frequency of each AT(N) category in the ACS and non-ACS samples.
Results
The concordance of A-markers was not significantly different between the ACS (87.4%) and non-ACS (73.2%) groups. However, the frequency of discordant cases with AAβ42−alone+/AAβ−ratio− was significantly higher in the non-ACS (24.9%) than in the ACS group (7.4%). The concordance of N-markers was 40.4% in the ACS group and 27.1% in the non-ACS group. In the ACS samples, the frequency of biological AD (i.e., A + T+) in Ntau+ cases was 95% while that in NNfL+ cases was 65%. When Aβ42 was used as the A-marker, the proportion of biological AD was 60.4% in the ACS and 22.7% in the non-ACS group. When the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was used as the A-marker, the proportion of biological AD was 64.3% in ACS samples and 22.2% in non-ACS samples. Notably, the proportion of AD continuum in the non-ACS group was substantially different between using the Aβ42 alone and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio as an A-marker.
Conclusions
Although the AT(N) classification was intended for use in research, it may also be useful for clinical diagnosis. As an A-marker, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio reflects Aβ deposition more accurately than Aβ42 alone. As an N-marker, NfL reflects neurodegeneration more accurately than tTau, particularly in non-ACS patients. Thus, we recommend the use of AT(N) classification defined by CSF AAβ−ratioTNNfL in clinical practice.
FATMLPGS: Design of a Fault-Aware Trust Establishment Model for Low-Power IoT deployments via Generic lightweight Sidechains
Authors: Choudhary Ashutosh Kumar , Rahamatkar Surendra
Published: October 2022

Networks connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) are constantly under attack from a wide range of adversaries, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DoS), Grey Hole (GH), Sybil, Masquerading, Spoofing, Man in the Middle, etc. The network may be under attack from adversaries on the inside or the outside, which lowers the QoS performance (Quality of Service) in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput, energy use, and other metrics. Researchers have proposed a number of security & privacy preservation mechanisms to counter these attacks, and each one differs in terms of computational complexity and security levels. The immutability, traceability, transparency, and distributed nature of blockchain-based models make them among these mechanisms highly effective in terms of security performance. These models are not suitable for large-scale IoT Network deployments because the QoS performance of these models is highly reliant on the length of the blockchain. Researchers have suggested sidechaining techniques as a way to get around this restriction because they help to increase QoS performance while still being highly secure. Machine Learning Methods are needed to determine when to split or merge the chains when designing sidechaining models because they are so complex. For low-power IoT networks, these models are therefore useless. This text suggests a lightweight Multiple Objective Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO) Model that aids in initial route establishment by choosing high-trust nodes, reducing power consumption during sidechaining and incorporating fault-aware trust establishment. The number of pieces the blockchain must be divided into in order to maintain high QoS performance is also determined by the MGWO Model. In order to help the MGWO Model incrementally train to detect network faults, the model also includes a lightweight Q-Learning layer. An Intrinsic Genetic Algorithm (IGA) that is stochastically modelled and activated by the MGWO Model based on the network's progressing QoS performance in various communication scenarios controls the fault identification process. The proposed model can mitigate attacks such as Sybil, Masquerading, Grey Hole, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and Man in the Middle (MITM) thanks to integration of Q-Learning with MGWO & IGA. The proposed model was found to be able to maintain high QoS even when under attack, which helps to increase the efficiency of its real-time deployment. When compared to different state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed model was found to have 15.9% better energy efficiency, 10.6% better throughput, 8.3% faster communication speed, and 0.8% higher packet delivery performance under different scenarios.
Development of nano-NiFe2O4 decorated carbon nanotube-based electrodes for the detection of azathioprine by electrochemical method
Authors: Emre Fatma Bilge , Özcan İmren , Aslan Gizem , Köytepe Süleyman
Published: October 2022

In this study, NiFe2O4 decorated multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based electrodes were developed for the determination of azathioprine, which are used to prevent rejection in immunosuppressive Rheumatoid arthritis, polyangiitis granulomatosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney transplants. In this electrode structure, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with MWCNT were added to increase the efficiency of the bare glass carbon electrode (GCE). Modified electrode structures were obtained by coating the obtained MWCNT-NiFe2O4 structures on the GCE. Azathioprine sensitivity of the obtained electrode was confirmed by experimental and theoretical calculations. In addition, the NiFe2O4 size distribution and morphology on the electrode surface were investigated by theoretical calculations. The chemical structure of the prepared modified electrodes was examined by FTIR, X-ray, and EDX techniques. Surface morphology and surface roughness were investigated in detail by SEM techniques. The prepared nanoparticle-loaded carbon-based electrodes exhibited good reproducibility, wide linear range, and selectivity for Azathioprine determination. It is thought that such carbon-based structures may increase the selectivity and sensitivity, especially in the determination of azathioprine in body fluids such as blood.
Successful surgical management of an aggressive IgG4- related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report and review of literature
Authors: NGUYEN Hoang , PHAM Duc Huan , LUONG Tuan Hiep
Published: October 2022

Background
Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the esophagus is a very rare benign lesions which clinical presentation is not clear and difficult to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively.
Case presentation
In this study, we presented a case of a 24-year-old female with signs of severe malnutrition state due to dysphagia increasing gradually and losing 10kg in weight for 2 months. Comprehensive preoperative radiologic investigations were proceeded with a circumferential severe stricture caused smooth submucosal swelling in the esophagus under 23 cm from the upper dental arch and two times of negative autopsy. Due to the aggressive clinical symptoms and gross lesion characteristics, the patient underwent laparoscopic-thoracoscopic esophagectomy with a gastric tube. Histopathological examination showed that the squamous epithelium of the esophagus had a small, benign nucleus, the submucosal layer and the smooth muscle layer increased fibrous, with infiltrating many lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for CD68, CD34, Desmin and ALK markers, and there was an increase in the number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The final diagnosis was an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor.
Conclusions
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus is an extremely rare benign lesion but could led to aggressive clinical presentation. The gold standard of diagnosis is histopathological examination of surgically removed specimens. Radical resection is still the most efficient treatment method.
A Method of Analysis of Asafoetida Marketed Samples for its Umbelliferone Content
Authors: Kamble Kranti , Laddha Kirti
Published: October 2022

In this study, qualitative and quantitative assessment of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and HPLC technique for fingerprinting Umbelliferone (UMB) from a marketed compound of Asafoetida was developed. Its characterization was illustrated by chromatography. Asafoetida is undoubtedly the market's most adulterated product. The method showed good resolution of the umbelliferone compound characteristic in all four marketed samples as additional references. HPTLC fingerprints of the umbelliferone in Hing showed chemical purity with small qualitatively observed differences in the intensities of the Umbelliferone zones when compared with standard UMB. Quantification of these compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed significant differences in total UMB content among the marketed samples. Analysis of UMB content also revealed a significant approach for one of the best methods of standardization of asafoetida. The described characterizations will prove useful in the authentication of Asafoetida.
Comorbidities, pharmacologic interventions, and mechanical interventions associated with mortality in isolated diastolic left heart failure: lessons from a national database and a clinical simulator
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Ikeda Nobuyuki , Farias Juan S. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Flores Saul
Published: October 2022

Background: Diastolic heart failure may be noted in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or malignancies requiring chemotherapy, but the available data are scarce, and often derived from adult trials or based on theoretic or anecdotal evidence.
Methods: Data between 2016 and 2021 were obtained from Pediatric Health Information System database. Patients < 18 years of age with isolated diastolic heart failure admitted to intensive care unit at some point during admission were included. They were divided into patients with and without inpatient mortality. Patients’ demographics, comorbidities using ICD-10 codes, and pharmacologic interventions were also recorded. Univariate analysis was done in demographics, comorbidities, pharmacologic interventions, and mechanical interventions between admissions with and without mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was done for inpatient mortality and multivariable linear regression was done for total hospital length of stay in survivors.
Results: Isolated diastolic heart failure comprised 0.5% of critically ill pediatric patients. 121 (5%) experienced mortality among the 2,273 admissions in the final analyses. Milrinone and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor were found to be associated with decreased mortality. Increasing age and diuretics were associated with decreased total hospital length of stay in survivors.
Conclusion: Pediatric critical care admissions with isolated diastolic left heart failure have a 5% mortality. Several comorbidities and interventions are associated with increased mortality with milrinone and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors being associated with decreased risk of mortality. When only admissions with survival to discharge are considered, older age and diuretics are associated with lower total hospital length of stay.
Development and validation of a severity scale based on clinical manifestations for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Li Min , Wang Nanbu , Duan Jiangang , Chen Jian , Zhang Xuxiang , Meng Ran , Ji Xunming
Published: October 2022

Introduction
: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare subtype of stroke. However, existing scales were insufficient to evaluate the overall severity of CVT. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a CVT severity scale.
Methods
Items 1–11 were directly derived from NIHSS. New items were generated from a literature review and focus group discussion. 170 CVT patients were prospectively recruited from 26 top tertiary hospitals in China Mainland from January 2021 to May 2022 to validate the CVT severity scale. The CVT severity scale, NIHSS, mRS and GCS was rated at admission. The lumbar puncture opening pressure was also recorded. 20 randomly selected CVT patients were rated with the CVT severity scale again 24 hours later. The clinical outcome of CVT was evaluated by mRS at 6 months after baseline.
Results
We successfully established a CVT severity scale with 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis showed that 18 items were attributed to factor 1 (focal neurological deficits), factor 2 (diffuse encephalopathy), factor 3 (intracranial hypertension) and factor 4 (cavernous sinus syndrome). CVT severity scale was positively correlated with ICP, NIHSS and mRS, and negatively correlated with GCS at baseline. CVT severity scale > 3 or factor 3 > 2 indicated intracranial hypertension. CVT severity scale > 10 indicated poor clinical outcome at 6 months of follow-up. Meanwhile, CVT severity scale showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Conclusions
The CVT severity scale included 18 items encompassing 4 domains of focal neurological deficits, diffuse encephalopathy, IH and cavernous sinus syndrome. CVT severity scale correlated well with ICP, NIHSS, mRS and GCS. Patients with CVT severity scale > 10 can be defined as severe CVT. The CVT severity scale may serve as a valid and reliable tool for measuring the overall severity of CVT.
Preoperative lymphocyte to white blood cell ratio predicts the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: A multicenter study
Authors: Qin Li , Ji Ai-Jing , Zhou Zi-Long , Zhang Yu , Xie Fei , Yu Yu , Leng Shu-Sheng , Li chuan
Published: October 2022

Background
Lymphocytes play a key anticancer role. However, there is little information concerning the prognostic utility of the lymphocyte to white blood cell ratio (LWR) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection.
Methods
The data of patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at 5 centers were retrospectively reviewed. X-Tile software was used to determine the optimal cutoff values of the inflammation-based models. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the independent risk factors for RFS and OS.
Results
A total of 1591 patients were included in this study. The multivariate analyses revealed that LWR was an independent risk factor for both RFS (HR = 1.190, 95% CI = 1.037–1.365, P = 0.013) and OS (HR = 1.300, 95% CI = 1.098–1.539, P = 0.002) for HCC patients after liver resection. LWR showed a higher predictive capacity for both RFS and OS than other inflammation-based models for patients with HCC after tumor resection. The 5-year RFS and OS were 42.9% and 60.8%, respectively, for HCC patients with a high LWR, which were significantly higher than those with a low LWR (36.9% for RFS and 49.0% for OS, both P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Preoperative LWR may serve as a novel marker to predict the survival of HCC patients after liver resection. Low LWR was associated with a high incidence of postoperative recurrence and mortality.
Transient electromagnetic smoke ring due to a grounded-wire source
Authors: Chen Weiying , Xue Guoqiang , Lei Kangxin , Song Wanting
Published: October 2022

The concept of a smoke-ring in electromagnetic fields can be used to describe the spatial distribution and diffusion of electromagnetic fields with either frequency or time. This provides an intuitive basis for qualitative interpretation of artificial source electromagnetic measurement results. The existing discussions regarding this field of study have mainly focused on the smoke rings of a magnetic dipole or loop source. The smoke ring of the other commonly used grounded-wire sources in the time domain was investigated. The results show that the smoke ring of grounded-wire sources is more complex than that of magnetic sources. A grounded-wire source can generate induced current in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The horizontal induced current consists of two parts. At the early stage, when the source has just been turned off, there is a low-amplitude and fast-diffuse opposite return current. With time it becomes positive, and reaches a maximum, then decreases. The horizontal induced current maximum diffuses downward perpendicular to the surface, and the vertical induced current maximum diffuses at 45 degrees from the earth’s surface with a faster diffusion velocity, which is roughly 5 times that of the horizontal induced current. The smoke ring of the horizontal induced current more closely resembles the shape of a basin, while that of the vertical induced current is more like two separate jars. Finally, the respective imaging depths estimated based on the horizontal and vertical induced currents are 0.92 and 1.25 times the diffusion depth.
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of COVID-19 risk gene Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor-Like Protein 1 (LZTFL1) in human tumors
Authors: Mo Jihao , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Daping , Wang Meimei , Wang Lei
Published: October 2022

Population-based studies showed that COVID-19 infection causes higher death rate in cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism of COVID-19 with cancer is still largely unknown. Here we analyzed the Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor-Like Protein 1 (LZTFL1) which is the most significant gene associated with COVID-19. First, we explored the potential oncogenic roles of LZTFL1 through transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. LZTFL1 is significantly low expressed in 11 of 34 kinds of cancers we analyzed. Consistent with the mRNA expression data, the protein expression of LZTFL1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), and ovarian cancer (OV) patients are significantly decreased compared to healthy tissues. The survival analysis from the Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), and Uveal Melanoma (UVM), the LZTFL1 high expression group have a significantly higher survival rate compared to the low expression group. Taken together, LZTFL1 acts as a cancer suppressor gene for several cancers. Moreover, LZTFL1 expression was associated with the cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in several tumors including Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Gene ontology analysis showed that cilium organization, positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere and SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to the membrane were involved in the function mechanisms related to LZTFL1. Our studies offer a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles of LZTFL1 across different kinds of tumors.
Optimized machine learning approach may improve understanding of medial tibial stress syndrome in military male personnel
Authors: Sobhani Vahid , Asgari Alireza , Shakibaei Abolfazl
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the applicability of optimized machine learning approach for the prediction of MTSS using anatomic and anthropometric predictors. To this end, 180 recruits were enrolled in a cross-sectional study (30 MTSS (30.36 ± 4.80 years) and 150 normal (29.70 ± 3.81 years)). Twenty-five predictors/features including demographic, anatomic, and anthropometric variables were selected as risk factors. Bayesian optimization method was used to evaluate the most applicable machine learning algorithm with tuned hyperparameters on the training data. Three experiments were performed to handle the imbalances in the data set. The validation criteria were accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The highest performance (even 100%) observed for the Ensemble and SVM classification models while using at least 6 and 10 most important predictors in experiments 1 and 3 respectively. In experiment 2 the best performance (accuracy = 88.89%, sensitivity = 66.67% and specificity = 95.24%) was achieved for the Naive Bayes classifier with 10 most important features. The Naive Bayes, Ensemble, and SVM methods could be the primary choices to apply machine learning approach in MTSS risk prediction. These predictive methods alongside the eight common proposed predictors might help to more accurately calculate the individual risk of developing MTSS at the point of care.
APOE ɛ4, but not polygenic AD risk, is related to longitudinal decrease in hippocampal brain activity in non-demented individuals
Authors: Håglin Sofia , Koch Elise , Hackenhaar Fernanda Schäfer , Nyberg Lars , Kauppi Karolina
Published: October 2022

The hippocampus is early affected in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and altered hippocampal functioning influences normal cognitive aging. Here, we used functional MRI to assess if the APOE ɛ4 allele or a polygenic risk score (PRS) for AD was linked to longitudinal changes in memory-related hippocampal activation also in normal aging (baseline age 50–95, n = 292; n = 182 at four-year follow-up, subsequently non-demented for at least two years). Mixed-models were used to predict level and change in hippocampal activation by APOE ɛ4 status and PRS based on gene variants previously linked to AD at p ≤ 1, p < 0.05, or p < 5e-8 (excluding APOE). APOE ɛ4 and PRSp<5e−8 significantly predicted AD risk in a larger sample from the same study population (n = 1,542), while PRSp≤1 predicted memory decline. APOE ɛ4 was linked to decreased hippocampal activation over time, with the most prominent effect in the posterior hippocampus, while PRS was unrelated to hippocampal activation at all p-thresholds. These results suggests a link for APOE ɛ4, but not for AD genetics in general, on functional changes of the hippocampus in normal aging. Among possible mechanisms are breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in APOE ɛ4 carriers, recently linked to cognitive aging independent from AD pathologies.
Ir Spectrometric Studies of Ccl4 and Ar Gas Mixtures.
Authors: Korshikov Yevgeniy , Sokolov Dmitriy , Potapchenko Angelika , Aldiyarov Abdurakhman
Published: October 2022

IR-spectrometric studies of cryo-deposition processes and properties of thin films of cryo-vacuum condensates of a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and argon obtained by physical cryo-vacuum deposition at various concentrations have been carried out. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range 11 K − 100 K and the pressure of the gas phase 10− 8 Torr − 10− 4 Torr. The film thickness in all experiments performed was d = 2 µm. The vibrational spectra of CCl4 in an argon matrix were measured in the frequency range 400–4200 cm− 1 at mixture concentrations (CCl4 + Ar) as: (10%-90%; 5%-95%; 1%-99%) and after sublimation of the argon matrix. For the (CCl4 + Ar) system, thermal adsorption curves for the yield of the matrix gas (Ar) were obtained in the temperature range of 40K and 90K. The existence of cryocapture of CCl4 molecules of the substance of the Ar matrix was found. The results obtained suggest that, in low-temperature studies of self-organization processes in thin films, carbon tetrachloride can be used as a matrix.
Transformer-based Environmental Sound Classification Modeling by Jointing Multi-class Classification and Similarity Clustering
Authors: Zhou Xing , Zhao Ming
Published: October 2022

As environmental sound signal is not as regular as speech, it has varying temporal structures and is more difficult to distinguish. Previous research on Environmental Sound Classiﬁcation (ESC) has designed sophisticated methods to extract feature from raw waveforms directly, but this may not be generalized well across different ESC tasks. We proposed an end-to-end audio scene classification network which is only based on the log-mel feature. First, we used Transformer network to encode signals that can capture crucial temporal information from self-attention. Then we combined Multi-class classifier with similarity clustering so as to maximize the distance between different classes. At last, we visualized the Transformer’s ability to locate important temporal information. The performance on ESC10 and ESC50 showed that our architecture reached an average accuracy of 95.3% and 84.2%, respectively. That was an achievement of new state-of-the-art performance with only log-mel input. Meanwhile, that is nearly equivalent to the best performance of the model based on raw waveform or combined feature method.
Description of Sarcocystis platyrhynchosi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) infection in domestic ducks Anas platyrhynchos (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in China
Authors: Hu Junjie , Zhang Mingzhu , Wu Zhipeng , Zeng Hongxia , Tao Jianping
Published: October 2022

Background: Data on the genus Sarcocystis in waterfowls are very limited. To the best of our knowledge, the species of Sarcocystis have previously never been recorded in ducks in China.
Methods: Leg muscles were obtained from 26 domestic ducks Anas platyrhynchos in 2021 in China. Sarcocysts were observed using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Individual sarcocysts from different hosts were selected for DNA extraction, and three genetic markers, namely, 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA), and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed.
Results: Sarcocysts were found in 3 of the 28 (10.7%) domestic ducks. Under LM, the sarcocysts were microscopic and had brush-like villar protrusions (vps), measuring 3.8–4.3 μm-long. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous lancet- or leaf-like vp. Each vps narrowed in the stalk and contained bundled microtubules extended into the ground substance. Comparison of the newly obtained sequences with those previously deposited in GenBank indicated that the most similar sequences were those of S. halieti ex Phalacrocorax carbo or Sturnus vulgaris,and S. calchasi ex Columba livia, with an identity of 99.1% at 18S rDNA, S. wenzeli ex Gallus gallus, with an identity of 95.9–96.0% identity at the 28S rDNA, and S. speeri ex opossum, with an identity of 98.2% at the mitochondrial cox1. Additionally, at the three loci, the newly obtained sequences unambiguously differed from those of Sarcocystis spp. obtained from Anseriformes birds. Phylogenetic analysis based on the three loci placed the parasite within a group containing Sarcocystisspp. that utilize birds or dogs as intermediate hosts. The parasite was proposed as a new species, named Sarcocystis platyrhynchosi.
Conclusions:Sarcocysts were recorded in domestic ducks in China for the first time. Morphologically and molecularly, the sarcocysts remarkably differed from those of Sarcocystis spp. previously reported in different intermediate hosts, and S. platyrhynchosi was proposed for the new species. Depending on the limited date provided for Sarcocystisspp. in Anseriformes birds, there is confusion concerning the relationships of the morphologically similar species of Sarcocystisin Anseriformes birds. Therefore, more research on these closely related species of Sarcocystis needs to be undertaken in the future.
Mild hypothermia alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating DNA damage repair pathway in PC12
Authors: Zhou Tianen , Mo Jierong , Xu Weigan , Hu Qiaohua , Liu Hongfeng , Fu Yue , Jiang Jun
Published: October 2022

The brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have a great impact on human life and property safety, as far as we know, mild hypothermia (MH) is an effective measure which reduces neuronal injury. However, the precise mechanism is not extremely clear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether mild therapeutic hypothermia can play a protective role in nerve cells dealing with brain I/R injury and its specific mechanism in vitro. A flow cytometer, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay were performed to detect apoptotic rate of cells, cell viability and cytotoxicity respectively, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit, JC-1 fluorescent methods, immunofluorescence, western blot were used to explore ROS, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), expression of proteins respectively. The result indicated that the activity was decreased, while the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate were increased after treating with OGD/R in PC12, however, MH could antagonize this phenomenon. Strangely, treating with OGD/R increased the release of ROS and the transfer of Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) from mitochondria to cytoplasm, besides, it also upregulated the expression of γH2AX, Bax and Clv-caspase3 but downregulated the expression of PCNA, Rad51, Bcl-2 and inhibited the function of mitochondria in PC12, the opposite trend was observed after MH treatment. Therefore, our results suggest that MH alleviates PC12 against oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation-induced injury with the mechanism of inhibiting cell apoptosis by reducing ROS production, improving mitochondrial function, reducing DNA damage, and enhancing DNA repair.
Integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis show circulating osteoprogenitors to have a mixed immune and mesenchymal progenitor function in humans
Authors: Feehan Jack , Jacques Macsue , Kondrikov Dmitri , Eynon Nir , Wijeratne Tissa , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Gimble Jeffrey , Hill William , Duque Gustavo
Published: October 2022

Circulating osteoprogenitors (COP) is a population of cells in the peripheral circulation that possess functional and phenotypical characteristics of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). While there is functional overlap, it is not known how COP cells are related to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and other better characterized stromal progenitor populations such as adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). This study compares COP cells to BM-MSCs and ASCs through detailed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. COP cells have a distinct gene and protein expression pattern to BM-MSCs and ASCs, with a significantly stronger immune footprint, likely owing to their hematopoietic lineage. However, they also have a similar pattern of expression BM-MSCs and ASCs, in genes and proteins in progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation pathways. This study shows COP cells to be a unique but functionally similar population to BM-MSCs and ASCs, sharing their proliferation and differentiation capacity, but with a strong immune phenotype, with potential for translational regenerative medicine strategies.
Morphologic Study of the Corona Mortis Using the Simlife ® Technology
Authors: BEYA Robert , Jérôme DANION , Tanguy VENDEUVRE , My-Van NGUYEN , Arthur RENAULT , RICHER Jean-Pierre , HAUET HAUET , Cyril BREQUE , FAURE Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Open book pelvic ring fractures are potentially life-threatening, due to their instability and major haemorrhage risk. If a pelvic belt could initially control the bleeding, the definitive management involves an open reduction and internal fixation. However, the pelvic approach remains a technical challenge, as the surgeon wants to prevent any iatrogenic damage of the vascular loop located in the retropubic area called corona mortis (CMOR). Recently, the cadaver perfused SIMLife® technology has been developed to improve the surgeon training, out of the operating room. This study aimed to compare two models of cadaveric dissection, to assess the interest of the perfused SIMLife® in the identification of the CMOR and its topography.
Methods
Twelve human cadaveric pelvises have been dissected, following two protocols. Twelve hemipelvises of the dissections were performed without perfusion (Model A), whereas the 12 other hemipelvises have been prepared with the SIMLife® pulsatile perfusion (Model B). The prevalence, length, and diameter of the CMOR have been reported, along with the distance between the CMOR and the pubic symphysis.
Results
The CMOR has been found in 66,67% of the cases. The length, the diameter and the distance between the CMOR and the pubic symphysis were significantly higher in model B (respectively p = 0.029, p = 0.01, and p = 0.022).
Conclusion
These results suggest that the CMOR is easier to identify and to dissect with the SIMLife® perfusion. As part of the surgical training of any trauma surgeon, this model could help him to keep in mind the topography of the CMOR, to improve the open book lesion management.
Hsa_circRNA_0084043 promoting tumorigenesis in glioma through miR-577 sponging
Authors: Xu Yingna , Xu Xing , Zhang Yong , Qian Jin
Published: October 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of multiple human diseases, especially cancers. circRNA_0084043 is significantly involved in the progression of melanoma. However, whether circRNA_0084043 is associated with glioma remains unknown. In this study, the upregulation of circRNA_0084043 in glioma and the association between circRNA_0084043 and glioma grade were identified. Our results showed that circRNA_0084043 is significantly involved in the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of glioma cells. The results obtained from starBase, luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and RNA pull-down assays demonstrated that circRNA_0084043 acts as a direct sponge for miR-577. To identify the potential target of miR-577, analysis was conducted using the TargetScan algorithm, and results showed that SNX5 is a candidate miRNA for miR-577 binding. Finally, glioma cell growth, migration, and invasion were significantly enhanced by circRNA_0084043 by regulating the expression of miR-577-mediated SNX5 expression via miR-577 sponging. Taken together, we concluded that circRNA_0084043 in the miR-577/SNX5 axis can be used as a candidate target for glioma therapy.
Induction of apoptosis via inactivating PI3K/AKT pathway in colorectal cancer cells with the aged Hakka stir-fried green tea
Authors: Zhang Xin-yue , Huang Hai-ying , Sun Shi-li , Li Dong-li , Sun Ling-li , Li Qiu-hua , Chen Ruo-hong , Lai Xing-fei , Zhang Zhen-biao , Zheng Xi , Wong Wing-Leung , Wen Shuai
Published: October 2022

Human colorectal cancer is notorious for its high morbidity and mortality; however, the lack of effective and low-toxic drugs has currently been a bottleneck for the treatment of the disease. The present study reported a new functional food of Hakka stir-fried green tea (HSGT) aged with different years, including those stored starting from 2003 (03Y), 2007 (07Y), 2011 (11Y), 2015 (15Y) and 2019 (19Y) respectively, for their effective therapeutic activity against colorectal cancer. The major active ingredients including polyphenols, catechins, amino acids, catechins, gallic acid and caffeine found in the lyophilized powder of these aged HSGT were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that, at the cellular level, all these aged HSGT inhibited significantly the proliferation of colon cancer cells (HT-29) in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, the batch of 15Y and 19Y exhibited the highest inhibition rate for 48 hours treatment. Further, all these aged HSGT examined were able to enhance the apoptosis of HT-29 cells and block the transition of G1/S phase population to G2/M phase. Western blotting results also showed that the aged HSGT inhibited CDK2, CDK4 and CylinB1 protein expression, as well as increased PRAP expression and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in HT-29 cells. In addition, an upstream signal, PI3K/AKT signaling, was found involving in this regulation, as evidenced by the inhibition of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT by the aged HSGT. Therefore, our study reveals that the aged HSGT may inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inactivating PI3K/AKT signalling. The therapeutic effects of the HSGT aged with different years were also investigated.
Characterization of rumen microbiome and metabolome from oro-esophageal tubing and rumen cannula in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Cunha Lais L. , Monteiro Hugo F. , Figueiredo Caio C. , Canisso Igor F. , Bicalho Rodrigo C. , Cardoso Felipe C. , Weimer Bart C. , Lima Fabio S.
Published: October 2022

Less invasive rumen sampling methods such as oro-esophageal tubing became widely popular to explore the rumen microbiome and metabolome. However, it remains unclear if such methods represent well the rumen contents from rumen cannula technique. Herein, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome in the rumen content collected by an oro-esophageal tube and by rumen cannula in ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows. The 16SrRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the IlluminaMiSeq platform. Untargeted metabolome was characterized using gas chromatography of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteriawere the top three most abundant phyla representing ~90% of all samples. Although the pH of oro-esophageal samples was greater than rumen cannula, we found no difference in alpha and beta-diversity among their microbiomes. The overall metabolome of oro-esophageal samples was slightly different from rumen cannula samples yet more closely related to the rumen cannula content as a whole, including its fluid and particulate fractions. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed a few differences between sampling methods, such as when evaluating unsaturated fatty acid pathways in the rumen. The results of the current study suggest that oro-esophageal sampling can be a proxy to screen the 16S rRNA rumen microbiome compared to the rumen cannula technique. The variation introduced by the 16S rRNA methodology may be mitigated by oro-esophageal sampling and the possibility of increasing experimental units for a more consistent representation of the overall microbial population. Studies should consider an under or over-representation of metabolites and specific metabolic pathways depending on the sampling method.
Assessment of Chemotherapy Response With Simple Biochemistry on Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Erdat Efe Cem
Published: October 2022

Background
Response to treatment is evaluated with radiologic and/or nuclear medicine studies in addition to a complete physical examination. Biochemical investigations have been used for many years in risk and prognostic stratification of lymphoma, but there is no clinically useful method to assess response to treatment in lymphoma. In our study, we investigated the suitability of routine biochemical assays for assessing response to treatment in lymphoma.
Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively collected 108 patients’ routine biochemical examinations and examined the changes in biochemical parameters in terms of good or poor response. Logistic regression modelling was done on biochemical parameters and the results were used for development an ordinal scoring system.
Results
Most of the changes in biochemical parameters before and after treatment were significant (p < 0.05). The levels of total protein, beta-2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate had decreased in the patients with good response to treatment, while no change was observed in the patients with poor response to treatment. Cross-interaction between pre- and post-treatment beta-2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein levels was significant (p = 0.02–0.03). We developed a 4-point ordinal scoring system for lymphoma response evaluation using biochemical parameters. Logistic regression showed significance (p < 0.01) and effect size was close to high effect (Cramer’s V test 0.46)
Conclusion
A 4-point ordinal scoring system for lymphoma response evaluation is proposed.