bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the effectiveness of the third generation polyamideamine and polypropylene imine dendrimers in removal of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sadeghi Sepideh , Raki Ghazal , Amini Asrin , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Hashemi Majid
Published: January 2019

Background: Dye and colored materials cause health risks in water and therefore, must be removed from water supplies and wastewater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the third generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly (propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI-G3) in the removal of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous solutions and determine the optimum conditions for the removal. Methods: This study was performed in a laboratory and batch scale. In this study, synthetic wastewater was examined with three different concentrations of RB19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/L), different pHs (3, 7, and 10), various amounts of dendrimer (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 g/L), and at different times (15, 30, and 60 minutes) during the adsorption process. The remaining amount of dye was measured by spectrophotometer at 592 nm wavelength. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were also tested. Results: The results showed that by increasing the reaction time and adsorbent dosage, the rate of dye removal increased while by increasing the initial dye concentration and pH, the dye removal efficiency was significantly decreased. In this study, with increase of pH from 3 to 10, dye removal efficiency at a concentration of 25 mg/L, decreased from 72% to 20% and 88% to 17% by PAMAM and PPI dendrimers, respectively. Excel software was used for data analysis. Conclusion: Both adsorbents had a good dye removal efficiency, but PPI dendrimer was more effective in removing RB19. Adsorption data followed the Langmuir isotherm.
Behavioral responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by sublethal exposure to chlorpyrifos: a case study in Twin Lakes of West Sumatra
Authors: Ihsan Taufiq , Edwin Tivany , Anggraeni Winna
Published: January 2019

Background: The most commonly used insecticide by 99.8% farmers in West Sumatra, is chlorpyrifos which contains organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos is used to kill insects and other pests and works as the contact poison, gastric toxins, and inhalation. It is very useful for farmers in keeping the plants such as corn, citrus, peanuts, and so forth. Chlorpyrifos can enter the water body with direct application to control pests or indirectly through either spraying or washing during high rainfall in spray applications for plant leaves. Chlorpyrifos is also used in farming in the region of Twin Lakes (Diatas Lake and Dibawah Lake), West Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the most important fish that is cultivated in this region is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Methods: The acute toxicity (LC50-96 h) of chlorpyrifos for Nile tilapia in studies was 0.076 mg/L. Sublethal concentrations used for the studies were one-seventh (0.011 mg/L) and one-fourteenth (0.005 mg/L) of the LC50-96 h. The test animal was exposed to the both sublethal concentrations for 1, 7 and 14 days. Behavioral responses were studied in the experimental periods. Tilapia that exposed chlorpyrifos exposure was exhibited irregular body movements, gills and fins motion, mucus secretion, breathing at the surface, and anal excretion. Results: It was revealed that the longer the exposure time, the more visible behavioral changes in fish, as well as the concentration variations, it means that the higher the concentration, the more visible changes in physiological behavior of fish. Correlation values (R) were was 0.75–0.99. Conclusion: These behavioral responses can be used as a tool in biomonitoring program to monitor ecotoxicity risk of chlorpyrifos to the test species, especially in the region of Twin Lakes, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Risk assessment of noise pollution by analyzing the level of sound loudness resulting from central traffic in Shiraz
Authors: Negahdari Hadi , Javadpour Sirus , Moattar Faramarz , Negahdari Hashem
Published: January 2019

Background: Today, the effects of environmental pollution on human life and human needs, which reduces the level of community health caused by traffic noise in large cities, are clearly visible by creating irritation and pathogenic conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of noise pollution resulted from central traffic in Shiraz by analyzing its indicators and related components. Methods: By specifying the high traffic jam in Shiraz, the sound and its frequency in 156 points of the city were analyzed using a sound analyzer (Tes-1358C model). The sound pressure levels (LA and LP ) and the one and one-third octave band were continuously measured in A and C networks. Then, data were extracted and analyzed using Excel 2016 and Minitab 18.1. Eventually, phon and sone indexes were calculated for the heavy traffic jam in some of the central streets of Shiraz and the results were statistically calculated and their charts were prepared with comfort disturbance ranges. Results: The highest harmful frequency of traffic in Shiraz was 50 Hz and 83.3 dB. The sound pressure level ranged from 70 to 92.7 dB in network A and 87.8 dB in network C. The maximum sound level was 87 phon and the maximum sone was 26 at 14 stations. Conclusion: According to the results, the sound pressure levels exceeded the environmental standards of Iran and the values of phon and sone were higher than the standard of comfort at night and day
Organoleptic and palatability properties of drinking water sources and its health implications in Ethiopia: a retrospective study during 2010-2016
Authors: Mengesha Sisay Derso , Weldetinsae Abel , Tesfaye Kirubel , Taye Girum
Published: January 2019

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of drinking water sources in Ethiopia and compare the water quality with the health-based target. For this purpose, the water quality database of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) from 2010 to 2016 was used. Methods: The concentration and other properties of the water samples were analyzed according to the Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater analysis. Quality control and quality assurance were applied in all stages following our laboratory standard operation procedures (SOPs). Results: The concentration of the selected parameters varied based on the type of water sources. The mean concentration of turbidity was higher in spring water (21.3 NTU) compared to tap (12.6 NTU) and well (3.9 NTU) water sources. The mean concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), and sulfate (SO4 -2) was found to be higher in spring water sources than tap and well water sources. Comparably, the concentration of hardness, calcium, and magnesium was found to be higher in well water sources than spring and tap water sources. The bivariate analysis indicated that out of 845 analyzed water samples, more than 50% of the samples from Oromia region had turbidity, pH, TDS, hardness, Ca++, K+, and Na+ within an acceptable limit. In addition, the logistic regression analysis showed that water quality parameters were strongly associated with the type of water sources and regional administration at P<0.05. Conclusion: More than 80% of the samples analyzed from drinking water sources were in agreement with WHO guidelines and national standards. However, the remaining 20% specifically, pH (25%), calcium (20%), hardness (18.1%), TDS (15.5%), and turbidity (13.3%) analyzed from improved water sources did not comply with these recommendations. Due to objectionable or unpleasant taste, people may force to look for alternative unprotected water sources that lead to health concerns.
Kinetic study of the regeneration of spent caustic via the genetic algorithm method
Authors: Karimi Asadollah , Fatehifar Esmaeil , Alizadeh Reza , Soltani Hadi
Published: January 2019

Background: Spent caustic contains noxious components such as sulfide species and also high chemical oxygen demand content (COD). Oxidation of these materials to caustic and sulfate species is mostly the rate-controlling step within catalytic oxidation of spent caustic. Methods: In this study, the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of spent caustic and the regeneration methodology of the sulfidic spent caustic were investigated. The kinetics of catalytic oxidation of spent caustic was studied in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The developed mathematical model was verified via the batch bubble column reactor. The elementary and non-elementary models based on the genetic algorithm were used to obtain the rate coefficient and kinetic order. Results: The experiments were carried out at various conditions. The results indicated that the error of objective function of the non-elementary and elementary models was 3.01% and 134.96%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the non-elementary model had rational outcome compared to the elementary one. Also, non-elemental model is more concordance with experimental results.
Application of Taguchi’s experimental design method for optimization of Acid Red 18 removal by electrochemical oxidation process
Authors: Yousefi Zabihollah , Zafarzadeh Ali , Ghezel Abdolaziz
Published: January 2019

Background: Electro-oxidation is developed as an electrochemical method to overcome the problems of the conventional decolorization technologies and is an appropriate alternative for the treatment of colored wastewater from various industries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process in removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Acid Red 18 (AR18) dye from aqueous solutions. Methods: In this research, a laboratory scale of electro-coagulation reactor for the treatment of synthetic wastewater was made and studied. The effects of different variables including pH, current density, dye concentration, and electrolysis time were investigated. The experiment steps were designed by DesignExpert 10 software using the selected variables. Finally, the dye and COD analysis was performed by spectrophotometer. The optimization was performed using Taguchi fractional factorial design during the removal of dye and COD. Results: Maximum removal of dye (89%) and COD (72.2%) were obtained at pH=3, current density=20 mA/cm2 , initial dye concentration=100 mg/L, and reaction time=45 min. ANOVA test showed a significant relationship between statistical model and test data. Also, the results indicate that the distribution of the residues of the model was normal. Conclusion: By designing experiments through Taguchi method, the removal process will be optimized and by decreasing the number of experiments, the optimal conditions for pollutant removal will be prepared. The results suggest that the Electro-oxidation system is a very suitable technique for the enhancement of wastewater treatment.
Study of the effect of sodium alginate coating containing pomegranate peel extract on chemical, sensory and microbial quality of walnut kernel
Authors: Davoodi Fatemeh , Naji Mohammad Hadi
Published: January 2019

Background: Due to the adverse effects of artificial preservatives on food and its harmful effects on human health, researchers have been considering replacing these materials with natural substances. In this study, the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the stability and antifungal activity of the walnut kernel was studied. Methods: The pomegranate peel was extracted by the solvent and water-solvent method. The extracted sap was evaluated using the antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results showed that the extracted sap had 40.11 mg/g dry phenol and 47.27% free radicals scavenging. Four concentrations (0%, 2%, 6%, and 10%) of pomegranate liquid extract were prepared and studied for 90 days for the walnut kernel coating. Walnut kernels were coated on days 1, 15, 30, 60, and 90, and examined for moisture, acidity, peroxide, conjugated diene, and anisidine tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: By increasing the extract concentration from 2 to 10%, the stability of the walnut kernel during storage was increased. Acidity in the samples with 10% PPE coating, decreased from 0.18 to 0.11 on the first day until the 15th day, and increased to 0.48 from day 15 to 90. The results showed that the moisture content and acidity increased with increasing the extract concentration. By increasing the extract concentration up to 10%, the sustainability indices, including peroxide, anisidine, and conjugated diene were significantly decreased. At 90 days, by increasing the concentration of pomegranate extract from 2% to 10%, the count of molds and yeasts was reduced from 3.59 to 2.29 CFU/g. The count of molds and yeasts in the uncoated samples was 5.81 CFU/g. Conclusion: According to the results, PPE can increase the stability and antifungal activity of walnut, therefore, the health quality of the product increases.
Juxtaposition of Coeliac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes; the Role of Shared Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen Loci
Authors: Shahramian Iraj , Shahdadi Hossein , Bazi Ali , Masinaeinejad Nosratollah , Delaramnasab Mojtaba
Published: January 2019

Although extensive studies have been performed to explore the role of various alleles within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in susceptibility to coeliac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D), less attention has been dedicated to the role of shred non-HLA loci. In present report, we have provided a review on the role of genetic variants in seven shared non-HLA loci in determination the risk of either CD or T1D. The literature search was done on the Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Scopus databases using keywords of polymorphism, coeliac disease, and type 1 diabetes. The literature published within 2000-2017 were recruited. Seven discussed shared loci between CD and T1D were those resided within cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTL4), regulator of G protein signaling (RGS1), SH2B adaptor protein (SH2B3), T cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP), interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein (IL18RAP), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type (PTPN2), and C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR5). Interaction between polymorphisms of these genes seems to exert a substantial impact on determination the risk of CD and T1D in context of each other. Polymorphisms residing in these loci can exert synergistic or opposing effects toward either protection or predisposition to CD and T1D. The majority of these polymorphisms affect the function of cytokine signaling or T cell activating pathways. The net outcome deems to be delineated by a complex interaction between these adaptor arms, as well as the modulatory effects of other components of immune system, in particular HLA alleles.
Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model to Study Human Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Haddadi Mohammad
Published: January 2019

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex part of the human body, which controls a variety of cellular and molecular activities. Neurobehavioral functions of CNS play a vital role in making appropriate responses to the environmental stimuli. Some kind of such responses can be maintained in neural networks due to neuronal plasticity. When brain ages, or being damaged by means of genetic or environmental factors, memories will disappear gradually. Molecular mechanism of memory formation and disruption are studied during normal and disease conditions, respectively. However, it is far to understand the complete scenario and we need a model organism to undertake specific studies and unravel the mystery of neuronal function. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster possesses many characteristics which enable neuroscientist to model vide range of complex behaviors and find their neural circuit. Even though, many human neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) can be modeled in this insect and provide unique opportunities for effective therapeutic interventions. Here I summarize few points on the contribution of Drosophila melanogaster in neurobiology of learning and memory as well as human NDDs.
The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Herb Supplement on Heart IGF-1 Concentration in Male Rat
Authors: Pirani Mohamad Ali , Peeri Maghsoud , Azarbayjani Mohamad Ali
Published: January 2019

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training and flaxseed oil supplement on heart IGF-1 concentration in male rats. Materials and methods: 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline, saline–training, supplementation, and supplementation–training groups. The training groups performed training (10 weeks, five sessions per week, 90–95% VO2 max) on a rodent treadmill. The supplementation groups also received flaxseed oil supplement (30 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed five days after the last training session. The heart tissue was collected, and sent to the laboratory for evaluation. Results: Training increased the concentration of the heart IGF-1 (P=0.01). The concentration of heart IGF-1 was higher in the flaxseed oil-supplemented groups than the saline-treated groups. (P=0.003). The interaction between training and supplementation also led to a increase in heart IGF-1 concentration (P=0.001). Conclusion: The increase of heart IGF-1 after training and consumption suggest that training and flaxseed oil can help to improve cardiac function.
Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Human Breast Milk
Authors: Tabrizi Rayeni Laya , Soltani Nezhad Shahla
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast milk is an important nutrient source for rapidly growing neonates since breastfeeding protects the newborn against some disease. This effect may be due to the useful and natural microflora of breast milk. Biosurfactants are unique amphipathic compounds produced by some microorganisms. The present study demonstrates the isolation and characterization of biosurfactant producing bacteria from human breast milk samples. Methods: The human breast milk samples were collected aseptically and then cultured in MRS agar media. The biosurfactant producing ability of the isolated strains was investigated by hemolytic assay, oil spreading method, drop collapse test and emulsification index assay. The screened isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. In vitro antibacterial activities of biosurfactants against some Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria were investigated by the agar disc diffusion method. This biosurfactant was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: In this study, 337 different colonies were isolated from 42 breast milk samples. The best isolates were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus HM-1, Pediococcus pentosaceus HM-2 and Pediococcus pentosaceus HM-3 based on microscopic and 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. The biosurfactant extracted from screened strains exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against some pathogenic bacteria. The results showed similarity to lipopeptide biosurfactants like surfactin. Conclusion: Bacterial strains isolated in this study could be valuable sources for novel biosurfactants. The Human breast milk could be a safe source for isolation of biosurfactant producing probiotic bacteria and for improve intestinal microflora of infants.
The Effect of Reduced Neuromuscular Activity on Class IIa Histone Deacetylase and Selected Downstream Pathways
Authors: Dakhili Amir Bahador , Gharakhanlou Reza , Molanouri Shamsi Mahdieh , Rajabi Hamid
Published: January 2019

Background: Decreased neuromuscular activity, in terms of different models including hindlimb suspension, can result in muscular atrophy by changing different genes expression. Hdac4&5 and their downstream pathways are the two important factors involved in the preservation of muscle mass. Methods: In the current study, in order to survey the changes of Hdac4&5 and their downstream cascade mRNA expression, Wistar rats were assigned into two groups 1) weight bearing (WB) and 2) Hindlimb-suspension (HS) (n=5 in each group). Hindlimb’s rats were suspended for 14 days. After two weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the soleus and plantaris muscles were collected. Thereafter, gene expression was measured using Real time technique. Results: The results showed that 14 days hindlimb suspension decreased muscle mass in both the plantaris and soleus muscles and the latter changes definitely outweighed the former. In addition, it has been shown that the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers of the plantaris and soleus muscles decreased and, with changes in muscle mass, the observed decrease in soleus was higher. Also, the increase in mRNA expression of Hdac4&5, Myogenin, and Gadd45a, was observed in both muscles. But the expression of the Dach2 gene was significantly reduced in the plantaris and soleus muscles of the HS group as compared to the WB group. Discussion: Hdac/Myogenin and Hdac/Dach2/Gadd45a are the two involved pathways in muscular atrophy process as a result of unloading and this could be considered as treatment candidates to resist muscular atrophy in some specific conditions such as bed rest and space flight.
Oral Health Status of 12- and 15-Year-Old Students in Qatar: Findings From the National Oral Health Survey
Authors: Al-Thani Mohammed , Al-Thani Al-Anoud , Al-Emadi Abdulla , Al-Chetachi Walaa , Vinodson Benjamin , Akram Hammad
Published: January 2019

Background The national oral health survey-Qatar was carried out in 2011 in an attempt to establish the baseline information about oral health status among youth. This article describes the oral health status of 12 and 15-year-old students in Qatar. Methods Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed for 12 (N=1060) and 15 (N=1064) year-old students. The caries status based on decayed, missing, filled teeth or DMFT=0 (no caries) & DMFT≥1 (caries present). Mean indices among nationalities and sex were compared by student’s t-test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means by the type of the school. Logistic regression was used to examine associations among available variables. Results In the overall sample, 53.3% (n=565) of 12-year-olds and 55.4% (n=589) of 15-year-olds had varying levels of dental caries. The odds of dental caries were higher among girls compared to boys aged 12 years (OR=1.3, CI=1.0-1.6, P=0.05) as well as 15 years old (OR=1.28, CI=1.01-1.6, P=0.04) respectively. By nationality, Qatari students had a higher mean DMFT value (1.3 ± 1.2) compared to non-Qataris (0.82 ± 1.1). The public/independent attendees had higher mean DMFT values (1.31 ± 1.2) compared to the other two school categories. Fifteen-year-old students had lower odds (OR=0.81, CI- 0.68-0.97, P=0.02) of gingival bleeding and higher odds (OR=1.68, CI=1.4-2.1, P<0.001) of calculus compared to 12-year-olds. Dental fluorosis was found among 15% of 12 years old and 16.6% of 15 years old. The odds of fluorosis were higher among 15 years old but this relationship was not significant (OR=1.1, CI=0.88-1.4, P=0.36). Lower odds of bleeding teeth (OR=0.81, CI=0.68-0.97, P=0.02) and higher odds of calculus were found among 15 years old (OR=1.68, CI=1.4-2.1, P<0.001) compared to 12 years. Conclusions The results provide directions to further strengthen the oral health strategies through various evidence-based interventions.Background
Assessment of Electrocardiogram Indices in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Detraining
Authors: Tartibian Bakhtyar , Afsargharehbagh Roghaiyeh , Malandish Abbas , Sheikhlou Zeinab
Published: January 2019

Introduction: electrocardiogram (ECG) indices as a valuable tool for the diagnosis depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium are affected by aerobic exercise and detraining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on electrocardiogram (ECG) indices in post-menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. E group performed of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (W-WJMIAEP-R), and then 5 months detraining remained, but the C group participated in no intervention during 8-month. The ECG indices were measured at baseline, after 12-week exercise, and after 5-month detraining. Results: After 12-week in between-groups, ECG indices were not significantly different (P>0.05), except P-R interval (P≤0.05). After 5-month detraining in between-groups were not a significant difference for dependent variables (P>0.05), except P-R segment and S-T interval (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The Results suggest that 12 weeks of W-WJMIAEP-R increases P-R interval in sedentary post-menopausal women that is likely to be effective in preventing heart arrhythmias. The P-R segment and S-T interval decreased significantly after 5 months detraining period that 12 weeks W-WJMIAEP-R induced-ECG positive adaptations such as decrease P-R segment and S-T interval are maintained even after 5-month detraining and consequently prevents the increase in atrial aging process in postmenopausal women.
Downregulation of Src Family Kinase Activity Using PP2 Inhibitor Has No Effect on the Elongation of Pragmin-Transfected Adenocarcinoma AGS cells
Authors: Safari Fatemeh , Jodayri  Zayer Sheida
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Pragmin is the first mammalian protein that contains a functional the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif. Pragmin was tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (SFKs), in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, and C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) at EPIYA motif. Pragmin transfected cells induced cell-morphological changes which were characterized by elongated cell shape with invasive phenotype that contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. This study was established to investigate Src role as a key regulator of cell motility to induce elongated morphology of cells in Pragmin transfected cells by using PP2, a specific inhibitor of Src family protein kinase. Methods: Firstly, AGS cells were transfected by Pragmin and Pragmin mutant (Y391F) using lipofectamine 2000 reagent and then we treated the cells by PP2. Finally, we evaluated cell-morphological changes in the presence or the absence of PP2 by using light microscope and the results were analyzed. Results: Our results showed in AGS cells that were transiently transfected by Pragmin in the presence of PP2 (where Src activity was reduced), number of elongated cells were not changed compared to elongated cell numbers of Pragmin transfected cells in the absence of PP2. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in spite of importance of Src to regulate the cell motility, cell-morphological changes of AGS transfected cells by Pragmin is independent on Src activity and it seems the other mechanism (s) are involved in these process.
Telemedicine Applications for Screening Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Aliabadi Ali , Farsad Habibi Haleh , Mehdi Pour Yosef , Saravani Aval Samane
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the world. Telemedicine is one of the best solutions for providing high-quality screening for many diabetic patients. Methods: This research is a systematic review study, in which all published papers related to the subject matter of the study were reviewed during the period from March 2001 to June 2017.To find Internet search articles, Irandoc, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Magiran and SID, and foreign PubMed and Google Scholar databases, with Persian and English keywords, were searched internally. Out of the 59 articles retrieved into English, at last, 11 related articles were identified and examined. Result: Four articles focused specifically on a program and application, six papers on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and an article on the satisfaction and collaboration of caregivers and caregivers. Most studies were evaluated economically. And in programs and applications, more studies (five studies) examined the patient's assessment and its results for reducing blindness. Conclusion: Telemedicine applications have been clinically validated and successfully implemented around the world. Low-cost and portable digital cameras are used in this way. One of the benefits of this is the high level of clinical accuracy, easy patient access, cost-effectiveness.
Association Between 50 bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism in Promoter of the Superoxide Dismutase-1 and Temperament
Authors: Zendehboodi Zahra
Published: January 2019

Mizaj, one of the basic concept of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), plays an important role in maintaining the healthy state of an individual as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite its effectiveness, the mechanisms of mizaj dependence treatment in practical ITM has not been steel well understood. This study was aimed to evaluate any association between the mizaj and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) polymorphism. The study was carried out on individuals healthy for blood donation. All participants were from Fars province, southern Iran. To determine the Participants’ temperaments a self-reported mizaj identification scale was used. Two hundred eighty males with equilibrium or any of four simple mizajs (Warm, Cold, Moist, and Dry) were included in the study. The SOD1 genotypes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CI for the association of temperament with SOD1 polymorphism. No any association between the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 and each of mizaj groups were found. The result of this study indicated that the temperament is not affected by the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1. Further research with larger samples and with other genes of antioxidant system is recommended.
Modulatory Effect of Decalepis hamiltonii on Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Raiszadeh Jahromi Samaneh
Published: January 2019

Ethanol is known to be an effective inducer of oxidative stress in the brain tissues. Drosophila melanogaster is suitable in vivo model system to study neurotoxic effects of ethanol. The behavioral responses, levels of oxidative markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes have been investigated in ethanol-exposed Drosophila flies. The results showed that acute ethanol exposure leads to hyperactivity of flies. If alcohol exposure is prolonged then sedation has occurred in the experimental flies. The latter was measured by sensitivity time (ST50) and recovery time (RC50). The levels of ROS and LPO (as cellular markers of oxidative stress) are significantly increased in ethanol-exposed flies while GSH level was declined. Furthermore, higher activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the same group of flies. Ethanol neurotoxicity became more evident when a remarkable decrease of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was seen in ethanol-exposed fruit flies. To battle ethanol neurotoxicity natural antioxidants would be the best choice. According to previously reported studies on the antioxidant capacity of Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) root extract, its protecting effect in this toxicity model has been investigated. Surprisingly, Dh aqueous extract treatment has increased the time of ST50 and decreased the RC50 values of ethanol-exposed flies. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dh pre-treatment can diminish the ROS and LPO levels. Dh treatment results in augment of GSH level and activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. Antioxidant potential of Dh could restore AChE activity too. This is the first report on protective effects of Dh natural antioxidants in Drosophila melanogaster against oxidative stress induced by ethanol.
Anticoagulant Effects of Glycosaminoglycan Extracted from Fish Scales
Authors: Karimzadeh Katayoon
Published: January 2019

Background: Fisheries wastes are the unique sources of natural products which structural and chemical characteristics of their extracted compounds are different from those of terrestrial animals. They are known as a rich source of bioactive molecules, including collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs).In the present study, we extracted and analysed anticoagulant activity of glycosaminoglycan from fish (Rutilus frisii kuum) scales Materials and Methods: The glycosaminoglycan compounds were extracted using cationic salt of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum was used to identify and compare the structure of the extracted glycosaminoglycan with heparin. Anticoagulant property of extracted glycosaminoglycan was measured by prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT) on human blood at three concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml. Results: The value of the extracted glycosaminoglycan was estimated approximately 23.8 mg/g of dry tissue.FTIR analysis results confirmed the presence of heparin-like compounds in fish scales glycosaminoglycan. Human Plasma coagulation time increased significantly with extracted GAGs concentration incriminated. Since at a concentration of 200 µg/ml, coagulation time as aPTT was 4.3 times that of control and coagulation time was prolonged about 138.6 seconds. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that the glycosaminoglycan extracted from fish scales had valuable anticoagulant property compared to synthetic anticoagulant compounds such as heparin.
Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Mupirocin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Nasal Carriers
Authors: Hajimohammad Afsaneh , Fozouni Leila
Published: January 2019

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main human pathogens which should be taken into account as one of the main hospital infections due to its colonization in the nose of carrier personnel.The present study aims to determine the frequency of resistance to mupirocin in the hospital carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, and to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on the growth of resistant strains. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken from the anterior nasal part of 150 hospital staff in Gorgan, using a sterile swab. Being cultured on Mannitol salt agar, the suspected colonies were identified through Gram staining, as well as catalase, coagulase and DNase tests. Resistance of the strains to mupirocin was tested using microdilution Broth test. Besides, the antibacterial effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs) on the mupirocin-resistant strains was also investigated using agar well diffusion method. Results: In this study, the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus was 32%, out of which 6.2% showed high resistance to mupirocin and 29.2% showed low resistance to this antibiotic. The results of this study showed that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have the most inhibitory effect on the growth of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the density of 400 mg/ml. Conclusion:The Zinc Oxide nanoparticle used in this study had a high antimicrobial activity against all the drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and their bactericidal properties also increased by raising the density of the nanoparticle.
The Effect of 8-Week Resistance Training and Leucine Supplementation on Protein Synthesis Among Elderly Men With Sarcopenia
Authors: Pormozafari Zahra Sadat , Aminaie Mohsen , Nikooie Rohollah
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The aim of present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training and the supplementation of leucine on protein synthesis in the elderly men with sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 40 elderly men residing in the elderly nursing center were randomly chosen and divided into four groups including Resistance Training and Leucine Supplement (RTLS=10), Resistance Training (RT=10), Leucine Supplement (LS=10), and Control (C=10). Resistance training was performed 8 weeks with intensity training %35-70 of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 20-45 minutes. The group supplement consumed 3 grams of leucine amino acid in every meal. The serum insulin concentration, urine nitrogen, muscle mass, and muscle strength were measured one day before the protocol and 72 hours after the last training session. Ancova was analyzed within and between group changes. Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the difference between every two groups. Results: Results showed that Urine nitrogen and muscle mass levels increased significantly after 8 weeks of RT compared to the C group (p<0.05). Serum insulin concentration increased significantly in the RT group compared with the C group (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in muscle strength in the RT and S group compared to the C group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the muscle protein synthesis increased after resistance training in skeletal muscle. This indicates that the rate of sarcopenia reduced as a result of resistance training. In addition, resistance training along with consuming leucine supplement was effective in improving muscle strength.
Adipokine Omentin-1: A Diagnostic Tool in Breast Cancer
Authors: Nourbakhsh Parisa , Ganji Ali , Farahani Iman , Hosseinian Rezvan , Yeganefard Fatemeh , Mirzaee Rezvan , Mosayebi Ghasem
Published: January 2019

Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and the most common solid malignancy in women worldwide. Omentin-1 is produced by visceral adipose tissue, placenta, and ovary that its production is affected by some cancers. The aim of this study was to assess omentin-1 in patients with breast cancer to be applied as a biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: In this case-control study, 45 patients with breast cancer and 45 healthy women as control group were included. In addition to anthropometric and blood parameters analysis, omentin-1 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays method. Receiver operator characteristic curve and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated to define the diagnostic accuracy. Results: Serum omentin-1 level in breast cancer group was significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant correlation between omentin-1 levels and anthropometric and blood parameters analysis. The best cut-off point for the diagnosis of breast cancer was at 146 ng/L. Calculated PPV and NPV based on 66% disease prevalence were 88.8% and 51.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Serum level of omentin-1 was significantly lower than the healthy group, so, it can be used as a screening test along with the early-approved methods in diagnosis of patients with breast cancer in the future.
The Impacts of Complex Social, Environmental, and Behavioral Factors on Obesity
Authors: Akram Hammad , Ashraf Gohar , Ijaz Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2019

Obesity is a prominent global phenomenon of this century related to the several chronic diseases and associated mortality. Social determinants and environmental factors could play an important role among humans in the adoption of certain behaviors leading to the obesity and related health issues. This makes obesity a complex public health issue dependent on several physiological, pathobiological and psychological phenomena. This manuscript is an attempt to examine the complex interrelationship between the social environment, social determinants, and behavioral factors and their role in the development of the adverse health outcomes. The article also describes a few examples examining the impact of selected public health interventions on behavioral modifications among study samples/populations that could lead to the healthier lifestyles and decrease in obesity.
Biocomponents and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes khorasanicum
Authors: Taghavizadeh Yazdi Mohammad Ehsan , Khara Jalil , Housaindokht Mohammad Reza , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid Sedigheh , Amiri Mohammad Sadegh , Darroudi Majid
Published: January 2019

Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Chitosan in Integument of Cockroaches
Authors: Shahraki H , Basseri Hamid Reza , Mirahmadi Hadi , Fatahi Bafghi Mehdi , Mehravarn A , Heidarian Payman , Rahimi Esboei Bahman
Published: January 2019

Because of the drug resistance and toxic side effects observed following administration of many antibacterial drugs, novel strategies are highly needed for treatment of bacterial diseases. Chitosan important immune system stimulators, is found in cockroaches who are living in contaminated sites. this substance appears to help the cockroaches strongly deal with pathogens. The aim of this study was to extract thechitosan from nymph and adult stage of both Blattella germanica and Preplenta amercana and evaluate its antibactral and antifungal activities. To demineralize the insect's integument powder, HCl 1 normal was used. In addition, the process of deproteination was performed by using(for transformation integument powder into chitin )NaOH 1normal. Subsequently, by NaOH 50% chitin was deastelated[F1] to chitosan. Finally chitosan was dissolved in lactic acid 1 % and preserved until the time of antitrichomonal and antifungal activity examinations.. Chitosan extracted from cockroaches shows beneficial effects on Gram + bacterias. For instance, it has shown powerful impacts on E.Coli and Estafilococos oreous, but not on fungi. The current study revealed that chitosan has excellent antibacterial activities and could be considered as a new approach to fight various bacterial agents. Chitosan is also was effective against Fungi (in a high pH environment) Furthermore, we identified biochemical processes resulted in chitin deacetylation to chitosan within the insect's body. There are evidence showing that the blockage of chitin makes the insects much more vulnerable to microbial infections.
Acute and Recovery Changes of TNF-α and IL-1β in Response to Aerobic Exercise in Smokers and Non-smokers
Authors: Seyed Hoseini MohammadAli , Eizadi Mojtaba , Amini Ashraf , Mirakhori Zahra
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Recent evidence has shown that acute exercise modulates the immune response in healthy individuals, although the effect on smokers has not drawn much attention. This study examined acute and post exercise inflammatory responses in smokers and nonsmokers to moderate aerobic exercise. Methods: For this purpose, Fifteen recreationally sedentary male smokers and 15 nonsmokers matched for age (35.5 ± 5.8 years) and BMI(31.30 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were familiarized and underwent aerobic exercise testing involved 40 min running on flat surface with no slope at 70(%) of maximal heart rate. Venous blood was obtained pre-exercise (baseline), 0, 60 min and 24 hours for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) of 2 groups. Experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures in each group. Results: No differences existed between groups for baseline IL-1B between 2 groups but serum TNF-α was higher in smokers. Aerobic exercise test results a significant decrease in serum TNF-α at 0, 60 min and 24 hours compared baseline in smokers but not in non-smokers. Serum IL-1βremained unchanged at all blood samples after exercise test in both groups. Conclusion: All together, based on acute and recovery response of TNF-α to exercise, it seems that a moderate aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on inflammatory profile in smokers.
Analyzing the Causes of Blood Donor Deferrals and Characteristics of Deffered Individuals in Kurdistan Province, Iran
Authors: Hatami Hosein , Maghsoodlu Mahtab , Salehifar Pejman , Karimian Mohammad Saied , Ferdowsi Shirin
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Donor selection prior to blood donation is one of the most important steps in ensuring the safety of blood products. This study aims to evaluate donor deferral rates, causes of deferral, and characteristics of deferred in Kurdistan province, west of Iran. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Kurdistan blood transfusion organization, from 2010 to 2015. All donors were screened before donation by detailed interview and physical examination. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) were used for donor selection and deferral. Results: The deferral rate was 14.55%. The top seven deferral reasons were the use of certain medications (15.6%), abnormal blood pressure (9.03%), polycythemia (8.5%), risky behaviors (6.3%), previous donation in last 3 months (5.9%), history of repeatedly reactive test (5.21%) and anemia (4.85%). The overall proportion of deferrals was higher among those less than 35 years old (P < 0.001), female (P < 0.001), first-time donors (P < 0.001), single (P < 0.001) and less than 12 years schooling (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a different pattern of donor deferrals in compared to other studies. The main reason for deferral was being on medication that may be due to lack of sufficient blood donation eligibility criteria in Kurdistan province. Therefore, public education about the importance of blood donation and donor’s conditions can be effective in reducing the number of deferral.
An Investigation on the Pharmacological Profile of Titanium (IV) and Aluminum (III) 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives Grafted on MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Fazaeli Yousef , Gholamreza Shahhosseini Gholamreza , Samira Shahbazi Samira , Feizi Shahzad
Published: January 2019

8-hydroxyquinoline and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline were treated with a titanium (IV) and Aluminum (III) alkoxide reagents to generate (Q)2(2-BuO) Al (Q = 8-hydroxyquinoline and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) and (Q)2(O-iPr)2Ti (Q = 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) complexes. These active complexes underwent successive grafting on MCM-41 mesoporous silica in order to improve overall toxicity and stability of them. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized. Anti-bacterial activity of the compounds on Escherchia coli (ATCC 1330), Salmonella typhi (PTCC 1609) and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Areas (PTCC 1113) were tested and the anti-fungal activity of them was determined using the agar well diffusion assay method on SCC (for yeasts) and Muller Hinton Agar medium (for filamentous fungi). The results showed that the anti-microbial (bacterium and fungi) effect of the Ti & Al complexes can be improved in the solid-state using appropriate chlorine substituent on the 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand and grafting to the mesoporous silica.