bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase in Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth T. , Stafford Jeanette M. , Saydah Sharon , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Lawrence Jean M. , Marcovina Santica , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Pihoker Catherine , Rewers Arleta , Dabelea Dana
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

We previously reported a high (˜30%) but stable prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at youth-onset diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (2002 and 2010). Given the changing demographics of youth-onset type 1 diabetes, we sought to evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes from 2010 to 2016 among youth <20 years of age and evaluate whether any change observed was associated with changes in sociodemographic distribution of those recently diagnosed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We calculated prevalence of DKA within 1 month of type 1 diabetes diagnosis by year and evaluated trends over time (2010–2016) (n = 7,612 incident diabetes cases; mean [SD] age 10.1 [4.5] at diagnosis). To assess whether trends observed were attributable to the changing distribution of sociodemographic factors among youth with incident type 1 diabetes, we estimated an adjusted relative risk (RR) of DKA in relation to calendar year, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance status, language, season of diagnosis, and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study site.

RESULTS

DKA prevalence increased from 35.3% (95% CI 32.2, 38.4) in 2010 to 40.6% (95% CI 37.8, 43.4) in 2016 (Ptrend = 0.01). Adjustment for sociodemographic factors did not substantively change the observed trends. We observed a 2% annual increase in prevalence of DKA at or near diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (crude RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.04] and adjusted RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.04]; P = 0.01 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence of DKA at or near type 1 diabetes diagnosis has increased from 2010 to 2016, following the high but stable prevalence observed from 2002 to 2010. This increase does not seem to be attributable to the changes in distribution of sociodemographic factors over time.
The Relationship Between Glycaemia, Cognitive Function, Structural Brain Outcomes and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Garfield Victoria , Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Eastwood Sophie V. , Mathur Rohini , Rentsch Christopher T. , Denaxas Spiros , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Chaturvedi Nish
Published: June 2021

We
investigated the relationship between glycaemia and cognitive function, brain
structure and incident dementia using bidirectional Mendelian randomisation
(MR). Data were from UK Biobank (n~500,000). Our exposures were genetic
instruments for type-2 diabetes (157 variants) and HbA1c (51
variants) and our outcomes were reaction time (RT),
visual memory, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes, Alzheimer’s
dementia (AD). We also investigated associations between genetic variants for
RT (43 variants) and, diabetes and HbA1c. We used
conventional inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR, alongside MR sensitivity
analyses. Using
IVW, genetic liability to type-2 diabetes was not
associated with reaction time (exponentiated ß=1.00, 95%CI=1.00; 1.00), visual
memory (expß=1.00, 95%CI=0.99; 1.00), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV)
(expß=0.99, 95%CI=0.97; 1.01), hippocampal volume (HV) (ß coefficient mm3=4.56,
95%CI=-3.98; 13.09) or AD (OR 0.89, 95%CI=0.78; 1.01). HbA1c was not
associated with RT (expß=1.01, 95%CI=1.00; 1.01), WMHV (expß=0.94, 95%CI=0.81;
1.08), HV (ß=7.21, 95%CI=-54.06; 68.48), or risk of AD (OR 0.94, 95%CI=0.47; 1.86),
but HbA1c was associated with visual memory (expß=1.06, 95%CI=1.05;
1.07) using a weighted median. IVW showed that reaction time was not associated
with diabetes risk (OR 0.96, 95%CI=0.63; 1.46) or with HbA1c (ß
coefficient mmol/mol=-0.08, 95%CI=-0.57; 0.42). Overall, we observed little evidence of causal
association between genetic instruments for T2D or peripheral glycaemia and
some measures of cognition and brain structure in midlife.
Institusjonelle rammer for kirkelig ledelse
Authors: Grimstad Frank
Published: June 2021

Management can hardly be understood irrespective of the context in which it unfolds. This is also the case with ecclesiastical leadership. Nevertheless, the management literature has rarely incorporated how different aspects of context affect management. This chapter thematizes the public frames and regulations civil society and church/religious organizations operate within and discusses how this affects leaders’ maneuvering space. An underlying premise of the chapter is that churches and religious organizations are institutions and that society as context is characterized by institutionalized frameworks framing religious organizations. Examples of this in a Norwegian context are the Working Environment Act and other laws governing working life, agreements negotiated between the parties in the labor market, and more specifically the Lutheran folk church tradition. Based on Scott’s (2008) analytical approach to analyzing institutionalization, regulatory, normative and cognitive/cultural norms, the chapter discusses how leaders’ maneuvering space is shaped by these mechanisms yet also has the ability to influence existing frameworks.
Supervised Machine Learning for Predicting SMME Sales: An Evaluation of Three Algorithms
Authors: Zhou Helper , Gumbo Victor
Published: June 2021

The emergence of machine learning algorithms presents the opportunity for a variety of stakeholders to perform advanced predictive analytics and to make informed decisions. However, to date there have been few studies in developing countries that evaluate the performance of such algorithms—with the result that pertinent stakeholders lack an informed basis for selecting appropriate techniques for modelling tasks. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the performance of three machine learning techniques: ordinary least squares (OLS), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). These techniques are evaluated in respect of their ability to perform predictive modelling of the sales performance of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) engaged in manufacturing. The evaluation finds that the ANNs algorithm’s performance is far superior to that of the other two techniques, OLS and LASSO, in predicting the SMMEs’ sales performance.
Teaching Short Stories through the Use of the Reader-Response Theory: Second-Year Students at Dr. Moulay Tahar University-Saida
Authors: BOUBEKEUR Sihem
Published: June 2021

The Reader-Response Theory considers the learner as an active participant in extracting meaning from a literary work depending on his/her prior experience. Teaching literature critically allows the reader to create a sense, and compare the previous experience with the written text. Second-year students cannot decode and scrutinize a short academic text, which unveiled that they are unaware of the different types of readings. The research question arises in this vein is: To what extent does the Reader-Response Theory contribute to the development of the EFL students’ skills? The piece of work aims at introducing and applying the Reader-Response Theory to teaching short stories to second-year university students. The current study was conducted on students taught by the teacher-researcher at Dr. Moulay Tahar University-Saida, Algeria. A questionnaire, observation, and the analysis of students’ written assignments employed in the present work for the overarching aim of gathering data in a timely period. Yet, the results revealed that after implementing this approach, EFL students become aware of how to undertake an academic written piece. It also reinforces their thinking skills, and boosts their creativity.
La deuda como fuerza colectiva
Authors: Thornton Christy , Mader Philip
Published: June 2021

Los países y las personas pobres tienen pocas de las protecciones que tienen los ricos, pero tienen el poder de su fuerza colectiva. Los deudores del mundo pueden unirse y dejar de pagar.
Characteristics of morphodynamic conditions in the shallows of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Szymczak Ewa , Rucińska Maria
Published: June 2021

Puck Bay is an unusual and thus interesting coastal water region, as it combines two different environments – a lagoon and the sea. They differ from each other in their seabed morphology, salinity, dynamics and water exchange. Their common elements are the extensive shallows and the vicinity of the Hel Peninsula. The shallows of Puck Bay have developed at various stages of its evolution, which began several thousand years ago and continues to this day. They have been shaped by varying morphogenetic factors resulting from changes in sea level and accompanying evolution phases of sand barriers, e.g. washover fans, as well as the intensity and directions of sediment transport. At present, the shallows cover more than 35% of the seabed area and are influenced by hydrodynamic factors and availability of sediments. The study area was divided into five fields, taking into account morphological and genetic criteria as well as recent hydrodynamic conditions. This study provides an updated map with classification and distribution of surface sediments and describes grain size parameters for sediment samples collected in the selected fields. Based on a comprehensive assessment of grain size parameters, lithodynamic equilibrium zones were determined and areas of sediment deposition and redeposition were identified.
Ruang Gender Haruskah Selalu dipisah? Ruang Kelola Wilayah Adat dan Pendekatan Ekologi Politik Feminis
Authors: Tiominar Betty , Afiff Suraya A
Published: June 2021

Gender space generally separates space and place of land and natural resources management and utilization based on gender. The assumption these gender space segregation with firm boundary lines implicated demand to showing women's control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources on the participatory mapping result that is mostly facilitated by JKPP in Indonesia. One of the purposes of this demand is to include women's interests over space in every decision-making process that has an impact on the women's production areas. In fact, not all places have separated the control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources based on gender. In an agrarian society, like in Indonesia, most of the areas for control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources are communal based, which is means that the land and natural resources are joint management by men and women. In one indigenous territory, at two different places and times, gender based management can undergo changes. Taking the case of the Balai Juhu in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan, using a feminist political ecology framework, this article examines the complexities of gender segregation on indigenous territory
Melemahnya Budaya Jamu Cekok Di Kelurahan Pare
Authors: Zulaikha Siti , Hadi Nur , Gita Purwasih Joan Hesti
Published: June 2021

Jamu is a traditional medicine that has been widely known by the Indonesian people. One kind of herbal medicine is now rarely used, namely herbal suppression. The term cekok comes from the Javanese language which means to drink by force. The purpose of this study is to describe how the weakening of the herbal medicine culture in Pare Village. Research using ethnographic qualitative methods with interview and observation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the community sees the existence of herbal suppressants. However, there are not as many devotees as before. As an analytical technique, the author uses an anthropological perspective on medical health behavior according to Notoatmodjo to explain the data found. Data analysis used is the data used, data reduction, and data presentation in the form of descriptions. This study shows that the weakening of the herbal medicine culture, including the number of more modern dietary supplements for children; parents who do not have the heart to do the prostitution process; and the knowledge of parents about the recipe for making the herbal-punching herb
Reprocessing potential of pegmatite tailings for rare metal extraction and brick fabrication, Uis, Namibia
Authors: Lohmeier S. , Lottermoser B.G. , Schirmer T. , Fuchsloch W.
Published: June 2021

Historic tin mining and mineral processing of the Uis pegmatite deposit (Namibia) has resulted in a series of tailings impoundments. In this study, Uis tailings were characterised to establish their suitability for brick manufacturing and reprocessing potential for rare metals (Be, Li, Nb, Ta). Tailings occur on-site as two distinct types (a) fine- to medium-grained sand (d50 = 120 to 420 μm) in dune-like spoil dumps; and (b) fine- to medium-grained sand (Fraction A: d50 = 120 to 410 μm; ~25% of tailings type) and fine-grained silt (Fraction B: d50 = 18 to 83 μm; ~75% of tailings type) in four low-lying dried-out waste impoundment cells. The two tailings types have a similar and homogeneous mineralogical composition, comprising quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and mica as well as minor cassiterite, columbite-tantalite and petalite, reflecting the micaceous quartzo-feldspathic composition of the source rocks. The main clay mineral is illite with minor (ferroan) clinochlore, cookeite and kaolinite. Such a mineralogical composition allows contemporary brick fabrication due to illite as the main clay mineral, a large proportion of quartz as a stabilizer and only trace amounts of minerals that could have a detrimental effect (e.g. Fe oxides and pyrite). Consequently, the consistent particle size distribution and homogeneous mineralogical composition allow present-day production of high-quality fired bricks from tailings. To date, the use of Uis tailings for brick manufacturing supports the local economy, aids building development and removes silica-rich mine wastes prone to dust dispersion in a remote part of Namibia. In addition, geochemical analysis of the tailings reveals strongly elevated mean concentrations of rare metals (~2 760 mg/kg Li, ~140 mg/kg Be, ~41 mg/kg Ta, ~55 mg/kg Sn, ~74 mg/kg Nb). Resource estimates suggest the presence of ~25 200 t Li2O, ~1 600 t BeO and significant Nb-Ta-Sn in impoundment cell material and a total resource of ~365 000 t Li2O and ~27 900 t BeO in bulk tailings. Thus, Uis tailings also offer the opportunity for reprocessing and extraction of rare metals.
The peculiarities of ideology of the first-wave feminist movement in Alberta: maternal feminism, Anglo-Canadian nationalism, and eugenics
Authors: Sidorenko Viktoriia
Published: June 2021

This article examines certain ideological peculiarities of the first-wave feminist movement in the Canadian province of Alberta, and intertwinement of Anglo-Canadian nationalism, maternal feminism and eugenics in the ideological basis of the feminist movement in the early XX century. The author examines the fusion of the questions of gender and nationality in ideology of the feminist movement, and analyzes the formation and realization of a particular feminist agenda in Alberta, which was based on the specific ideology of maternal feminism. Paying special attention to similarity of the ideology and objectives of the Anglo-Canadian nationalistic and feminist movements in the province, the author notes the causes for rapid success of the feminist movement by pivotal goals of the agenda. The scientific novelty of this research is substantiated by the fact that the author is first within the Russian historiography to explore the intertwinement of nationality and gender in ideology of the feminist movement in Alberta. The conclusion is drawn on the interinfluence of Anglo-Canadian nationalism, maternal feminism and eugenics in the ideological basis of the first-wave feminist movement in Alberta, as well as placing in the agenda the question of equal rights of men and women as an important aspect in preservation of Anglo-Canadian ideals for the future generations in Alberta.
Studying the impact of different additives on the properties of straight-run diesel fuels with various hydrocarbon compositions
Authors: Kirgina Maria , Bogdanov Ilya , Altynov Andrey , Belinskaya Nataliya , Orlova Alina , Nikonova Nurguyaana
Published: June 2021

One of the most widely used way to improve low-temperature properties of diesel fuels is the use of additives. However, a variety of additives and the effect of susceptibility make it difficult to select additive for a particular composition of diesel fuel and operating conditions. The laws of interaction between functional groups of additives and hydrocarbons of the diesel fraction have not been investigated yet. The article discusses the influence of fractional, group and structural-group composition of straight-run diesel fuels on the effectiveness of cold flow improvers. The effect of additives concentration on the effectiveness of their action is considered. It was shown that when selecting a cold flow improver for diesel fuel and determining its optimal concentration, it is necessary to take into account the optimal content of various groups of hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, at which a cold flow improver is most effective.
Религиозная ситуация в Республике Тыва (по результатам социологических исследований)
Authors: Дашковский Петр Константинович , Шершнева Елена Александровна , Бичелдей Ульяна Павловна , Монгуш Айлаана Витальевна
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования религиозной ситуации в Республике Тыва 2019 г. Картина религиозной жизни Тувы продолжает усложняться за счет регистрации новых организаций, в первую очередь традиционных — буддийских и шаманских, православных. Отмечен спад роста протестантских организаций, однако, они могут функционировать и без регистрации. В целом, отмечается стабильная межконфессиональная обстановка. Такое спокойствие обуславливается преобладанием в регионе одной конфессии — буддизма и одного этноса — тувинцев. 
Выборка исследования — 334 чел., репрезентативная. 70% респондентов считают, что человеку необходимо быть верующим. Более половины населения республики уделяет важное место религии в жизни человека. Преобладающей конфессией является буддизм, однако еще 16% придерживаются религиозного синкретизма (буддизм и шаманские традиции). Религиозные праздники 73% опрошенных отмечают дома, посещение культовых объектов осуществляется не часто. Большинство соблюдают религиозные обряды только по праздникам. Это оценивается населением прежде всего как следование традиции для сохранения национальной культуры. 
Респонденты испытывают потребность в получении достоверной информации через СМИ. Особый интерес проявляет молодое поколение. Несмотря на то, что религиозный институт является неотъемлемой частью культуры народа, вмешательство религиозных лидеров в политическую жизнь рассматривается большей частью опрошенных жителей региона как негативное явление. По мнению жителей Тувы, религиозные общины должны максимально выполнять социальные функции. 
Исследование демонстрирует декларативную религиозность населения Тувы, однако поскольку она включает в себя и потребность в сохранении национальной культуры, то она также выполняет важную социальную функцию — приводит к сдерживанию в том числе и межрелигиозных браков.
The influence of language learner’s Buddhist background on non-native written language processing
Authors: Даржинова Любовь Владимировна
Published: June 2021

In today’s digitalized world, discovering approaches to enhance written language processing is crucial for successful non-native language acquisition. Whereas psycholinguistic literature suggests that background knowledge generally facilitates written language processing,  hardly anything is known about whether religious affiliation as a part of language learner’s background affects non-native written language processing.

Consequently, the current paper addresses the gap by conducting a small-scale web-based self-paced reading study. It explores whether English language learners  with Buddhist background process the Buddhist-related and religiously neutral texts similarly to those with the same proficiency level but with no religious affiliation. Thus, the experiment involved 20 Buddhist and non-religious learners of English from Russia’s regions of Kalmykia, Tuva, and Buryatia.

The results of the experiment suggest that the Buddhist background of English language learners  contributes to faster processing and better recall of Buddhist-related texts in the target language. The paper argues for the need to supply written materials related to religion in a target language with notes and glossaries in order to hasten processing and improve recall in non-religious language learners.
Karakteristik Sensori, Kimia dan Fisik Pempek dari Ikan Tenggiri dan Ikan Kiter pada Berbagai Formulasi
Authors: Ghanim Fadhallah Esa , Nurainy Fibra , Suroso Erdi
Published: June 2021

Pempek is one of traditional snack food from Palembang which made from fish and very popular in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of barred mackerel fish and pickhandle barracuda fish meat on sensory, chemical and physical properties and to determine the best economic formulation of pempek. This study used the Completely Randomized Design with six level treatments of combination of barred mackerel fish and pickhandle barracuda fish, respectively, 200 g-0 g (P1), 160 g-40 g (P2), 120 g-80 g (P3), 80 g-120 g (P4), 40 g-160 g (P5), and 0 g-200 g (P6). The characteristics of pempek was observed on the sensory (color, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptance), chemical (moisture and protein content), and physical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness). The result showed that the treatment only has a significant effect on color parameter of sensory properties. The higher amount use of pickhandle barracuda fish significantly reduced the panelist preference on color. The best formulation chosen was the combination of 40 g barred mackerel fish and 160 g pickhandle barracuda with the economic total raw material cost Rp 12.750. This formulation is recommended to produce pempek with best quality and economic cost.

 

Keywords: economic, formulation, pempek, sensory properties
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF DAILY CONSUMPTION SCHEDULES OF ACTIVE POWER BY MOSCOW
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, Russia, Vyalkova S. А. , Kornykova O. А. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, Russia, Nadtoka I. I. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, Russia
Published: June 2021

Изложены результаты по решению проблемы повышения точности прогнозирования электропотребления. Целью является разработка математических моделей для краткосрочного прогнозирования суточных графиков активной мощности г. Москвы с учетом метеофакторов. Выполнены исследования четырех прогнозных моделей, базирующихся на сингулярном спектральном анализе (SSA), методе наименьших квадратов, тригонометрической интерполяции, нейронных и нечётких нейронных сетях (ННС). Показано, что наименьшую погрешность имеет ННС и гибридная модель на основе MSSA и ННС.
Depressão pós-parto em mulheres que tiveram cesárea não programada
Authors: Matos Marília Medeiros de , Leite Marina Déda Peixoto , Silva Micaellem Rodrigues Santos da , Silva Milena Gontijo Lemos , Olivotti Natália Rafaela , Sobral Rayra de Sousa , Ávila Roberta Flausino de , Brandão Tainá Gomes , Rocha Vivianne Araujo , Cabral Anna Carla Garcia
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os sintomas e as causas da depressão pós-parto (DPP), incluindo a cesárea não programada como um dos fatores de risco, bem como avaliar as consequências da depressão para a vida da mãe e do bebê. Revisão bibliográfica: Os sintomas da DPP costumam se manifestar entre a quarta e a oitava semana após o parto, devido às alterações hormonais, como os níveis aumentados de cortisol e as alterações da quantidade de estrogênio e progesterona que ocorrem durante a gravidez, associada a histórico familiar, fatores financeiros e psicossociais, muitas mães apresentam apatia, insônia, desesperança, sentimento de culpa, desejo a morte, dentre outros sintomas. Ademais, existe uma forte associação com a realização de cesáreas não programadas feitas quando a via normalmente apresenta risco à mulher ou ao bebê. Considerações finais: Nota-se que a DPP é um problema de saúde pública que gera um forte impacto na vida familiar, sendo assim, a importância de explorar as possíveis etiologias e incluir a cesárea de emergência como uma delas, leva ao desenvolvimento de ações que promovam um parto humanizado.
Resiliência, depressão e qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço no pré-operatório
Authors: Valadares Ywia Danieli , Soares João Marcos Arantes , Madureira Ana Paula , Pereira Michele Conceição
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar os escores de resiliência, qualidade de vida e depressão em pacientes com Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço (CCECP) no pré-operatório e correlacionar tais variáveis. Métodos: Na fase pré-operatória do tratamento cirúrgico, analisaram-se 28 pacientes com CCECP diagnosticados em um hospital do centro-oeste de Minas Gerais, entre agosto de 2017 e novembro de 2018. Foi utilizado o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida (QV) da Universidade de Washington, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a Escala de Resiliência. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma correlação baixa e negativa entre a resiliência e a depressão (r= -0, 497; p=0,007), uma alta e negativa (r=-0,708; p=0,000) entre a depressão e a QV e uma moderada e positiva entre a resiliência e a QV (r=0,512; p=0,005). Conclusão: A resiliência interferiu positivamente na depressão e na QV dos pacientes estudados. Em contraste, a QV se correlacionou negativamente com a depressão. Assim, a resiliência representou uma importante variável, que deveria ser introduzida no processo de triagem dos pacientes com CCECP, já que pode contribuir para uma melhora da QV e depressão.
Monoclonal antibodies used for management of hematological disorders
Authors: Ghosh Kanjaksha , Ghosh Kinjalka
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are increasingly becoming part of therapeutic armamentarium for hematologists and hemato-oncologists. There is paucity of review on majority of these antibodies in one place. The objective of this review is an attempt to fill the gap in paucity of review on majority of these monoclonal antibodies (MAs) in one place.

Material and Methods:

‘Pubmed’ and ‘Scopus’ database was explored focusing on monoclonal antibodies (MAs) in clinical hematological practice. Emphasis was given to the more recently published review articles on different monoclonal antibodies (MAs).

Results:

In the present review, a total of 23 different monoclonal antibodies (MAs) were discussed; some are very frequently used and some rarely. Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are used for treatment of diverse hematological conditions, i.e. malignant and benign disorders and at various phases of stem cell transplantation. These antibodies were used either alone or in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents, targeted small molecules or as immunoconjugates. Some of the side effect profiles of these antibodies were common and some were unique to the particular monoclonal antibody (MA). Unusual infections or organ dysfunctions were noted. Improved function of antibodies by protein engineering is also advancing rapidly. Dosage, frequency and route of administration depended on the convenience and condition for which the antibody is used.

Conclusion:

Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are going to stay for hematological practice. Some amount of familiarity with their usage, advantages, disadvantages and side effects are essential in clinical practice.
Audit of clinical use of blood products in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chandrasekar Megala , Balakrishnan Vignesh , Ponnaiyan Arivukarasu , Ramachandran Thamilselvi
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Blood and its components are an important part of patient management treatment protocols and like drugs have property to cause adverse reactions in the recipients. To maximize the effectiveness, safety and utility clinicians and intravenous therapists should be knowledgeable about the potential risk of blood component therapy. Hence, regular audit of blood and its component usage is essential to access the blood utilization pattern and set ideal policies in all the blood using specialties.

Material and Methods:

This is a prospective Study conducted in department of Transfusion Medicine at Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospital for a period of one year. Source of data was blood bank requisition forms and blood bank registers of patients who underwent elective or emergency procedures in the hospital, for which blood was ordered.

Results:

The mean age of the study subjects was 41.8 years. The male : female ratio was 1.6 : 1. Majority of the study subjects were in the surgery department followed by Ortho and OBG. Majority of the study subjects belong to B+ve blood group followed by O+ve group and only 20% of the subjects belong to negative blood group. 70% of the subjects required blood transfusion for some kind of surgical intervention and only 28% had required blood transfusion related to medical causes. Majority required four units of PRC transfusion. Majority of the subjects had the haemoglobin levels in the range of 6–7 and the mean level was 6.56 gms%. Majority of the packed red cell was stored for 2 weeks or 5 weeks and the mean duration of storage was 4.3 weeks. A statistical significant improvement was observed in the mean haemoglobin levels in the post-transfusion period compared to the pre-transfusion haemoglobin. Only 5% of the times the reaction related to fever or anaphylaxis had occurred among the entire study subjects. 50% had completed the entire blood transfusion in less than 4 hrs and the mean duration was 4.3 hrs. 65.9% of the patients had appropriate blood transfusion based on the guideline and the remaining 34% had inappropriate blood transfusion. It is inferred from the table that the CTR, transfusion probability and the transfusion index was found to be above the guideline value to be considered as effective blood utilisation.

Conclusion:

Regular audit of blood components is crucial so that appropriate measures can be taken for proper usage. Continuous medical education regarding the transfusion services for the clinicians and staff nurses have major role in improvement for the clinical transfusion practices in the hospitals.
Bone infarct (osteonecrosis) as late side effect of steroid in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivor
Authors: Shekhawat Prakash Singh , Garg Malini , Dolai Tuphan Kanti
Published: June 2021

Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), though cured of their primary disease may suffer from long-term complications such as bone infarction contributing to a major morbidity. Here, we report a very rare case of bone infarct in bilateral tibia and femur of a patient of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, post completion of maintenance chemotherapy. With this case report, we suggest that appropriate preventive measures are necessary to decrease the risk of this very rare morbidity.
Myeloid sarcoma: experience from a hematology care centre of Eastern India
Authors: Baveja Avriti , Mandal Prakas Kumar , Garg Malini , Shekhawat Prakash Singh , Mitra Sumit , Chattopadhyay Arnab , Bhattacharya Subham , Baul Shuvra Neel , De Rajib , Dolai Tuphan Kanti
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

To describe the case series of patients with myeloid sarcoma with their clinicopathological characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular markers, prognosis, and outcome.

Material and Methods:

Retrospective retrieval of data of myeloid sarcoma cases in acute myeloid leukemia was done from the electronic health records of our hospital and this case series includes the data of three years starting from January 2018 and the follow-up information was assimilated until December 2020.

Results:

We present twelve patients in this case series with myeloid sarcoma and all these patients had bone marrow involvement at presentation. Most of the cases were less than 20 years of age and orbit (66.7%) was the commonest site of presentation in this series. Aberrant CD 19 expression on immunophenotyping was a common associate (66.9%) and t(8;21) was the commonest cytogenetic abnormality reported in our case series. Despite of high dose intensive therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine followed by high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, patients had a median relapse-free survival and median overall survival of 160 days and 299.5 days respectively. Local radiotherapy for consolidation in two of our patients had no additional benefit.

Conclusion:

Myeloid sarcoma is extramedullary collection of myeloid blasts with or without bone marrow involvement. They were commonly seen in young patients and t(8;21) being a common cytogenetic abnormality associated with it. The treatment outcome of patients with myeloid sarcoma seems dismal and systemic therapy remains the modality of choice.
Severe hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting: The problem overcome with a transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker
Authors: Fujii Masako , Satow Takeshi , Kodama Hiroshi , Horiguchi Satoshi
Published: June 2021

Background:

Carotid angioplasty stenting (CAS) may have adverse events including perioperative hemodynamic depression. A transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker (TTCP) is an option for preventing devastating sequelae due to circulatory failure. An exploration of the predictors of hemodynamic depression following CAS is valuable for selecting candidates for preoperative TTCP implantation before CAS.

Case Description:

An 84-year-old man underwent CAS for asymptomatic left carotid severe stenosis. He had no history of bradycardia arrhythmia. A TTCP was implanted in advance in view of the likelihood of perioperative hemodynamic depression. CAS was accomplished successfully, but severe hypotension and vanishing of self-heartbeat occurred about 90 min after the procedure. By activating the pre-implanted TTCP, spontaneous circulation was readily recovered with vasopressor administration. He was discharged with no additional neurological deficits. A literature review using a random effect model found that smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.52) and severely calcified plaque (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.15–6.35) were significant predictors of perioperative hemodynamic depression following CAS.

Conclusion:

TTCP can be recommended for a patient receiving CAS to prevent catastrophic consequences, particularly in cases with a history of smoking or severely calcified plaque.
Cerebral cavernous malformation in a child leading to a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage – “silent but sinister:” A case report and literature review
Authors: Fernando Pasindu M. , Munasinghe B. M. , Jayamanne M. D. C. J. P. , Jayasundara K. A. , Arambepola W. S. N. W. B. M. A. G. , Pranavan Selliah , Ranathunge N. D.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), otherwise known as cavernous hemangiomas/ cavernomas, are a type of vascular malformation. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation, histologically characterized by ectatic, fibrous, blood filled “caverns” with thin-walled vasculature without intervening normal brain parenchyma.

Case Description:

Herein, we present a case of an original, spontaneous hemorrhage from a sporadic form of CCM without associated gross developmental venous anomaly in an 11-year-old child, which is an extremely rare occurrence, with the special emphasis on the demographic data of the affected population, risk factors associated with hemorrhage, and correlation of histopathological and radiological findings with an in-depth literature review.

Conclusion:

The significant majority of the CCM are clinically occult. Hence, the development of risk assessment tools and guidelines for timely neurosurgical intervention poses a greater clinical challenge for medical experts rendering the management of the affected individuals with CCM in an anecdotal situation. Presentation of life-threatening rebleeds and neurological deficits in the diagnosed population albeit uncommon is possibly preventable outcomes.
Effect of comorbidities on ischemic stroke mortality: An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database
Authors: De Stefano Frank , Mayo Timothy , Covarrubias Claudia , Fiani Brian , Musch Brian
Published: June 2021

Background:

Stroke risk has been attributed to many pathological and behavioral conditions. Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been recognized and found consistent throughout epidemiological studies. Herein, we investigate the effect of comorbidities seen with patient’s suffering from ischemic stroke and its effect on in-hospital mortality.

Methods:

We identified patients >18 year old in the National Inpatient Sample database with diseases of interest utilizing the tenth International Classification of Disease 10 diagnostic codes from the years 2016 to 2018. Interval data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed using Bonferroni correction methods. To determine independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression for each comorbidity. Descriptive and numerical statistics, imputation, and logistic regression were calculated using SPSS software version 25.

Results:

Patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke were found to have the following comorbidities: atrial fibrillation (7.5%), carotid artery stenosis (1.1%), diabetes mellitus type 2 (11.4%), congestive heart failure (CHF) (7.5%), essential hypertension (21.2%), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (2.3%). In-hospital mortality rates were higher in patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke and concomitant IHD (28.2%, P < 0.001). Hospital length of stay was longest in patients with concomitant CHF (5.96 days, P < 0.001). Similarly, patients with CHF accrued the greatest in-hospital costs (69,174 USD, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Patients hospitalized from ischemic stroke suffered from the coexistence of other comorbidities. Of the comorbidities studied, IHD was identified as having the most significant impact on in-hospital mortality.
Development of management theory - a challenge of the time
Authors: Antonov V. G. , Raychenko A. V.
Published: June 2021

The publication considers topical issues of formulation, positioning and development of management theory in the system of socio-economic sciences and disciplines. The paper identifies signs, analyses the reasons, substantiates and proposes approaches, develops options for solving the systemic crisis of management science, its renewal and development in modern socio-economic conditions. The research presented in this publication determines and substantiates the key areas for improving the theory as a fundamental basis for the development of a complex of management disciplines. The authors propose and disclose the step-by-step content of the roadmap for the progressive expansion and deepening of research of modern concepts of management theory, their approbation, adaptation and use in scientific and educational spheres.
Reaction Mechanism of 2-Amido-2-Aminoacetic Acid-Formation from Amides and 2-Iminoacetic Acid: A DFT-study and Wavefunction Analysis
Authors: Dazinger Georg
Published: June 2021

Based on a study of Wei Zeng et. al.[7], where the synthesis of gem-diamino acid esters from 2-iminoacetic acid esters and amides, with various N- and C-substituents, respectively, is reported, a modeled reaction, where the latter substituents were replaced by H, was simulated by means of DFT. A reasonable reaction mechanism was found for the formation of 2-amido-2-aminoacetic acid from formamide and 2-iminoacetic acid. Moreover, possible side reactions were simulated and discussed.
Ab-Initio Computational Study on Fe2NiP schreibersite: Bulk and Surface Characterization
Authors: Pantaleone Stefano , Corno Marta , Rimola Albert , Balucani Nadia , Ugliengo Piero
Published: June 2021

Phosphorous is ubiquitous in planet Earth and plays a fundamental role in all living systems. Finding a reasonable prebiotic source of phosphorous is not trivial, as common sources where it is present nowadays are in the form of phosphate minerals, which are rather insoluble and non-reactive materials, and, accordingly, unavailable for being readily incorporated in living organisms. A possible source of phosphorous is from the exogenous meteoritic bombardment and, in particular, in iron/nickel phosphites. These materials, by simple interaction with water, produce oxygenated phosphorous compounds, which can easily react with organic molecules, thus forming C-O-P bonds. In the present work, periodic ab-initio simulations at PBE level (inclusive of dispersive interactions) have been carried out on metallic Fe2NiP-schreibersite, as a relative abundant component of metallic meteorites, in order to characterize structural, energetics and vibrational properties of both bulk and surfaces of this material. The aim is to study the relative stability among different surfaces, to characterize both the nanocrystal morphology and the reactivity towards water molecules.
Quantum Defects in Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes for Sensing and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Spreinat Alexander , Dohmen Maria Magdalena , Lüttgens Jan , Herrmann Niklas , Klepzig Lars F. , Nißler Robert , Weber Sabrina , Mann Florian A. , Lauth Jannika , Kruss Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) and have been assembled with biopolymers such as DNA to form highly sensitive molecular sensors. They change their fluorescence when they interact with analytes. Despite the progress in engineering of these sensors the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. Here, we identify processes and rate constants that explain the photophysical signal transduction by exploiting sp3 quantum defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs. As a model system we use ssDNA coated (6,5)-SWCNTs, which increase their NIR emission (E11, 990 nm) up to + 250 % in response to the important neurotransmitter dopamine. In contrast, SWCNTs coated with DNA but with a low number of NO2-Aryl sp3 quantum defects decrease both their E11 (-35%) and defect related E11* emission (- 50%) at 1130 nm. Consequently, the interaction with the analyte does not change the radiative exciton decay pathway alone. Furthermore, the fluorescence response of pristine SWCNTs increases with SWCNT length, suggesting that exciton diffusion is affected. The quantum yield of pristine (6,5)-SWCNTs increases in response to the analyte from 0.6 % to 1.3 % and points to a change in non-radiative rate constants. These experimental results are explained by a Monte Carlo simulation of exciton diffusion, which supports a change of two non-radiative decay pathways together with an increase of exciton diffusion (3 rate constant model). The combination of such SWCNTs with defects and without defects enables the assembly of ratiometric sensors with opposing responses at different wavelengths. In summary, we demonstrate how perturbation of a system with quantum defects reveals the photophysical mechanism and reverses optical responses.
Impact of Van der Waals interactions on structural and nonlinear optical properties of azobenzene switches
Authors: Naim carmelo , Castet Frédéric , Matito Eduard
Published: June 2021

The geometrical structures, relative Z-E energies, and second-order nonlinear responses of a collection of azobenzene molecules symmetrically substituted in meta- position with functional groups of different bulkiness are investigated using various ab initio and DFT levels of approximation. We show that RI-MP2 and RI-CC2 approximations provide very similar geometries and relative energies and evidence that London dispersion interactions existing between bulky meta-substituents stabilize the Z con- former. The !B97-X-D exchange-correlation functional provides an accurate description of these effects and gives a good account of the nonlinear optical response of the molecules. We show that density functional approximations should include no less than 50% of Hartree-Fock exchange to provide accurate hyperpolarizabilities. A property-structure analysis of the azobenzene derivatives reveals that the main contribution to the first hyperpolarizability comes from the azo bond, but phenyl meso-substituents can enhance it.
Ubiquitous Presence of Intermolecular CH…O Hydrogen Bonds in As-Synthesized Zeolite Materials
Authors: Al Nahari Shadi , Ata Karima , Mineva Tzonka , Alonso Bruno
Published: June 2021

CH…O hydrogen bonds (HBs) are identified in all crystals of series of silica zeolites hosting cationic Organic Structure Directing agents. This finding is supported by experimental C-O distances and COSi angles’ distributions, and DFT calculations on representative structures. New insights are reported on the geometry and electrostatics of these HBs.
From Crystallographic Data to Solution Structure of Photoreceptors: The Case of AppA BLUF Domain
Authors: Hashem Shaima , Macaluso Veronica , Nottoli Michele , Lipparini Filippo , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: June 2021

Photoreceptor proteins bind a chromophore, which, upon light absorption, modifies its geometry or its interactions with the protein, finally inducing the structural change needed to switch the protein from an inactive to an active or signaling state. In the Blue Light-Using Flavin (BLUF) family of photoreceptors, the chromophore is a flavin and the changes have been connected with a rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network around it on the basis of spectroscopic changes measured for the dark-to-light conversion. However, the exact conformational change triggered by the photoexcitation is still elusive mainly because a clear consensus on the identity not only of the light activated state but also of the dark one has not been achieved. Here, for the first time, we present an integrated investigation that combines microsecond MD simulations starting from the two conflicting crystal structures available for the AppA BLUF domain with calculations of NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectra using a polarizable QM/MM approach. Thanks to such a combined analysis of the three different spectroscopic responses, a robust characterization of the structure of the dark state in solution is given together with the uncovering of important flaws of the most popular molecular mechanisms present in the literature for the dark-to-light activation.
A Validation Study on the Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Wine Aroma Compounds with Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (SHS-GC-IMS)
Authors: Zhu Wenyao , Benkwitz Frank , Kilmartin Paul
Published: June 2021

A new quantitative method based on static headspace−gas chromatography−ion mobility spectrometry (SHS−GC−IMS) is proposed, which enables the simultaneous quantification of multiple aroma compounds in wine. The method was first evaluated for its stability and the necessity of using internal standards as a quality control measure. The two major hurdles in applying GC-IMS in quantification studies, namely, non-linearity and multiple ion species, were also investigated using the Boltzmann function and generalized additive model (GAM) as potential solutions. Metrics characterizing the model performance, including root mean squared error, bias, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery were investigated. Both non-linear fitting methods, Boltzmann function and GAM, were able to return desirable analytical outcomes with an acceptable range of error. A potential pitfall that would cause inaccurate quantification i.e., competitive ionization, is also discussed. These findings provide an initial validation of a GC-IMS-based quantification method, as well as a starting point for further enhancing the analytical scope of GC-IMS.