bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of serum cortisol on the prediabetes stage under normal and stress state
Authors: Abdulraheem Jabbar Ali , jalal majeed Maysaa
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPrediabetes is a disorder described as having above normal blood glucose levels but below the specified diabetes threshold. It is considered a dangerous condition, with a high likelihood of developing diabetes, Stress appears to be an significant consideration for the risk of prediabetes, Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that is the product of a long and complex endocrine reaction chain resulting from stress Is formed by the zone fasciculate of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland in many animals. It is formed in lesser amounts in other tissues.Material and methodcase study was conducted during the period from October 2019 to January 2020, It consisted of 60 men; 30 were are prediabetes subject (27 persons under normal state,7 persons under stress state) and 30 healthy men.Resultserum cortisol significant in normal and stress state with differences mean in both conition.Conclusionthe level of serum cortisol in prediabetes subject supports the hypothesis that cortisol will effect to prediabetes but this is too early to consider serum cortisol as an influential and major cause of prediabetes.
Synthesis And Molecular Docking Of Some Amic Acid Targeting Breast Cancer
Authors: Majeed Hassan Amina , Muala Dhumad Adil , Al-Asadi Rafid , Majeed Jassem Ahmed
Published: November 2020

In this study, we synthesized and investigated interactions between three amic acid analogs and HER2( 3PP0) by using virtual screening based on molecular docking to find potential compounds against HER2. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized based on a1HNMR,13CNMR, FT-IR and mass spectroscopy. The density function theory (DFT) calculation at the B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set are used to investigate the electronic structure and optimized geometrical structure of the mentioned compounds. Molecular docking against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (PDB:3PP0) showed that compounds bind to the HER2. Binding involves hydrogen bonding for each compounds. The results revealed that the newly designed amic acid derivatives exhibited significant inhibition with HER2 exhibit anti breast cancer activity.
Adsorption Optimization of Congo Red Dye onto Electrospun Nanofibers of Polyacrylonitrile functionalized with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Jadoo Shaimaa A. , Naser Juman A.
Published: November 2020

Ferric oxide nanoparticles Fe3O4NPs have been prepared by the coprecipitation method, which were used to functionalize the surface of electrospun nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile to increase their effectiveness in adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from their aqueous solutions. The effect factors of adsorption were systematically investigated such as adsorbent mass, initial concentration, contact time, temperature, ionic strength and pH. The maximum adsorbed amount of the dye was at 0.003g of adsorbent. The adsorption of dye increased with increasing initial dye concentration and the system reaches to the equilibrium state at 150 min. The adsorbed dye capacity decreases with increasing temperature which indicates to the exothermic nature of adsorption system. The results referred that the adsorption capacity increases with increasing ionic strength and it was in natural medium has a greatest value. So, the desorption process was examined to demonstrate the possibility of recycling of the adsorbent surface. The desorbed dye from the studied adsorbent surface in basic solution was better than acidic solution.
Kinetic Study of Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1purified From Serum of Premenopausal Breast Cancer Women
Authors: Mohammad Sabah G , Ali Susan J , Saifullah Perry H
Published: November 2020

Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1 was purified from sera of premenopausal women with breast cancer( before Mastectomy or treatment ) by Gel Filtration using Sephadex G-100 and by Ion Exchange using DEAE-Cellulose A-50, also the molecular weight was estimated by the Acrylamide Electrophoresis in the absence of denaturing elements . The result showed that a single band was obtained at 220KD by Gel Filtering while Ion Exchange showed one band at 200KD. The optimum temperature of purified Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1 was 40 °C, optimal pH at 7.5 and the optimum substrate concentration at 1.8mM. Michaelis-Menten constant (km) was 0.37Mm and Velocity Maximum (Vmax) was 25mM.min−1 The Activation energy(Ea) was 28 KJ/mol.
Nano metal-complexes of theophylline derivative: synthesis, characterization, molecular structure studies, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Ismail Ahmad H. , Al-Bairmani Hassanain K. , Sabri Abbas Zainab , Mahdi Rheima Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The new divalent nano metal-complexes of Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II) with new ligand derivate from theophylline were synthesis by ultrasonic sonication method. This method was applied to produce smaller, narrow distributed nanoparticles and without any aggregations. The nanocomplexes and new ligand (L) were diagnosed by different Physico-chemical studies as Analysis of elements (C.H.N), Measuring conductivity, FT-IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, UV-Vis spectra, flame atomic absorption (FAA), and their microbial activities. The spectroscopic data of the nanocomplexes suggest their 2:1 (L: M) complex structures of Mn(II), Fe(II), and 1:1 (L: M) complex structure of Zn(II). Also, the spectroscopic studies suggested the octahedral structure for Mn(II) and Fe(II) ions and tetrahedral structure for Zn(II) ion. All spectroscopic data propose that new ligand act as a bidentate ligand with its metal ions. The size and morphology of nanocomplexes measured by TEM were in range (14-18) nm. The bacterial activity was checked with the synthesized ligand and nanocomplexes. Activities show that the nano complexes are more promising than their new ligand for microbial activities.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Benzocaine via Oxidation and Bleaching Colour of Rifampicin Dye
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed M. , Othman Nabeel S. , AL-Abady Faiz M.
Published: November 2020

Benzocaine(BENZ) has been estimated by indirect spectrophotometric method. The suggested method based on oxidation of BENZ via N-bromosuccinamide (NBSA) in presence of hydrochloric acid, then the unreacted or the excess NBSA was immerse in bleaching the colour of rifampicin dye(REFPD),the absorbance of unreacted REFPD has been estimated at wavelength 476 nm (the highest absorption of REFPD) .The measured absorbance is directly proportional to the amount of BENZ in the solution. All parameters affected the oxidation of BENZ and bleaching the colour of REFPD and the optimum values have been fixed. Beer’s law(linearity) of the method is in the range of 2 to 15 μ.g.ml−1, the molar absorptivity value equal to 4.295 x 10 3 l.mol−1.cm−1 and the Sandall’s index for sensitivity is calculated and equal to 0.0384 μg.cm−2. The suggested method has an application part included estimation of BENZ in its pharmaceutical formulation (sterile ear drops).
Synthesis and Reaction of 2-Acetylamino-2’- Tellurocyanato-1,1’-Binaphthyl
Authors: Al-Rubaie Ali Z. , Yousif Lina Z.
Published: November 2020

2-Acetylamino-2’-tellurocyanato-1,1’-binaphthyl (1) was prepared from the reaction of potassium tellurocyanate with 2-acetylamino-[1,1’- binaphthalene]-2’-diazonium chloride. Treatment of 1 with hydrochloric acid gave bis(2-amino-1,1’-binaphthalene-2’-yl) ditelluride (2) in 65% yield. Reaction of 2 with phenylacetyl chloride and trimethylacetyl chloride gave bis(2-phenylacetylamino-1,1’-binaphthalene-2’-yl) ditelluride (3) and bis(2-trimethyl-acetylamino-1,1’-binaphthalene-2’-yl) ditelluride (4), respectively. (2-Acetylamino-1,1’-binaphthyl-2’-yl)tellurium tribromide (5) was prepared by reaction of 1 with bromine. Partial reduction of 5 gave the corresponding tellurenyl bromide (6) which in turn reacted with KCN to afford compound 1 in good yield. Alkaline hydrolysis of 1 or reduction of 5 and 6 with hydrazine hydrate in boiling ethanol gave bis (2-acetylamino-1,1’-binaphthalene-2’-yl) ditelluride (7) in good yield. All these new compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry.
Preparation, diagnosis and study of the inhibitory effect of copper nanoparticles before and after Erythromycin loading on Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hussein K A M , Khalaf A A
Published: November 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic nurses, which possesses many virulence factors which makes it a high ability to resist antibiotics multidrug-resistant (MDR).leading to make Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main threats to human health because it leads to increased infection rates and mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of inhibitory effect of the free CuO nanocomposite and its synergistic effect with the anti-bacterial erythromycin ER after it was loaded on the CuO / ER nanoparticle on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Al-Hindiya General Hospital. The CuO nanoparticles were manufactured by using precipitation method. Diagnosis free CUO and nanoparticles after they were loaded onto nanocomposites by using the AFM atomic force microscope. the inhibition zone diameter measured by Disc Diffusion method the results was indicated the highly synergistic effect on bacteria, while the free nanoparticles are less effective, whereas the antibiotic alone gave the lowest inhibition diameter (21.25 ±0.854, 11.75 ±0.750, 8.50 ±1.040) respectively, moreover this study investigated that The release of the antibiotic ER from the CuO / ER that the second pseudo order model is more applicable to the interpretation of the behavior of ER release from CuO / ER (K = 2.60min-1, r2 = 0.997) which indicates that the forces controlling the release of ER are flexible without dissociation and being affected by the metabolism, and the percentage of ER release was significant due to the intensity of the surface ion exchange between CuO / ER and the anion (CO3)- 2 coming from CaCO, which makes the ER release rate to reach more than 98% in the medium of sodium carbonate at a concentration of 0.05 M within 250 minutes of the start time of the reaction.
NEW RECORD OF THE Genus Pullimosina Roháček, 1983 (DIPTERA, Sphaeroceridae) FROM KERBALA CITY, IRAQ, Study in Forensic Entomology
Authors: Al-Ashbal Haider Naeem , Al-Essa Rafid Abbas , Al-Saffar Hanaa H.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to know the types of insects belonging to the Sphaeroceridae family. During this study, one species registered for this family for the first time to Iraq (New genus and species). It is using two methods of killing are injurious machine (knife) and toxic substance (strychnine). Four areas within Karbala governorate studied and identified to know their spread and time of presence on the body during the stages of decomposition. During this experiment, the bodies of dogs used to identify types of insects attracted to the body during four seasons. The results indicated the presence of the species Pullimosina heteroneura (Haliday, 1836) in the first three stages of decomposing the bodies, but in different proportions and the highest was in the wet decomposition of the body for the spring and autumn seasons.
Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria from biopolymers waste in soil
Authors: Yasin Akram R , Al-Mayaly Ithar K
Published: November 2020

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs from biopolymer degrading bacteria was examined in situ by screening isolates using Sudan B Black staining process as potential PHAs detecting, and Nile Blue staining as a proof method detection. Five bacterial strains isolated from biopolymer waste buried in a garden soil were able to produce high rate of PHA. AK1P and AK2P strains demonstrated high productivity of biopolymer by converting 5% (w/v) lactose as the only carbon source to PHA during fermentation. AY2P strain converted 5% (w/v) of glucose with less PHA accumulation. The favorite temperature for those strains to produce a high rate of PHA was at 30° C.
Molecular detected of heat shock protein70 gene in Layer hens (Lohmann breed)
Authors: Habib Hassan Nima , Karomy Alfred S. , Gheni Qutaiba J. , Saleh Wessam Monther Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The polymorphisms of the hsp70 gene have been associated with diverse resistance of heat stress in hens. The aim of the current study was to explore the genetic variation of the hsp70 gene in Layer hens that bred in Iraq. One hundred-fifty Lohmann breed hens aged 12 months were used in this study. Blood samples were collected during the period from 1st September to 31st December 2018 and examined for detection the polymorphism of hsp70 gene. We have detected four main polymorphisms groups in the coding region of hsp70 gene among these layer hens. A significant association between the silent and the missense mutations with the polymorphisms of hsp70 gene in Layer hens was found. There was a high homology of the hsp70 gene sequences that obtained from our local layer hens with the related sequences obtained from different hottest and coldest areas. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the different mutations (silent and missense) in the coding region of the hsp70 gene of these local Layer hens predict improve birds’ability to the tolerance of stress conditions, and highlights the need of further investigations.
The Rainfall Erosion of Polish Soils (2006-2016)
Authors: Mousa Nibal Kh. , Ali Ali R. , Abdullah Waleed I.
Published: November 2020

The study aims to live the rainfall erosion effect on Polish soils from (2006-2016). the very best Rainfall erosion in Polish cities were in Kasprowy Wierch and Śnieżka (1722.4, 579.59 MJ mm ha-1 year-1) respectively, thanks to high sand content and low clay content increased the likelihood of abrasion, while the less were in Łeba, Sandomierz, Racibórz and Jelenia Góra (19.59, 21.307, 25.14,25.28 MJ mm ha-1 year-1) respectively. The rainfall effect more on polish soil thanks to continuing mainly sand and silt texture with small percentages of clay.
Biosorption of lead and cadmium and the potential role of Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Jaafar Raghad , Al-Taee Asaad
Published: November 2020

The bacterium Shewanella oneidensis was isolated from the soil in southern of Iraq,and identified basis on the traditional tests (morphological and biochemicaly ) and development way( high equrance gene sequence using 16S rRNA gene phylogeny analysis). The results, indicated that the isolates bacterium was Shewanella oneidensis. For emphasis the bioremediation ability of bacteria, advance techniques has been applied, included: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffusion analysis (XRD) and broadcast electron microscope (TEM). Biosorption using different concentration from Cd+2 and Pb+2 with different times has been used to clarify the bioremediation ability. The results of TEM indicate the presence of these metals around the cells of this bacterium with the appearance of some morphological changes. The results of FTIR, and XRD showed a different shifting on the peaks of spectra when they compare with the normal one with occur different peaks for loading bacteria with studied metals, these changes can emphasize the absorption ability of these bacteria.
Study the Optical Properties of (C52H54N4O12) Dye
Authors: Jassim Alaa H. , Aboud Lazem H. , Mohammad Rajaa K.
Published: November 2020

This paper includes investigation of linear optical properties for malachite green oxalate (M.G.O) dye melted in ethanol solvent at several concentrates (2×10−5, 1×10−5, 5×10−6)Ml and for (M.G.O) dye films and optical properties of (M.G.O) dye films prepared by casting method for concentrate solution10−3 Ml. Measurement result using (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to measure (absorbance, transmittance, absorption coefficient (α˳), refractive index( n˳ and energy gap) were found two transitions wavelengths (428,622) nm when dye is dissolved in ethanol and(435,646) nm when preparing films. Linear optical properties were studied for the three concentrations and it was found increased absorption coefficients and refractive index by rising concentration.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Electrical Properties and Particle Size of the Compound Ferroelectric PZT Prepared by Wet Chemical Methods
Authors: Gatea Hamed A.
Published: November 2020

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) nanopowder of ratio 35/65 (Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 is prepared by one of the most wet-chemical routes called Sol-Gel Processing Method. The Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) is prepared from Lead Acetate and Zirconate (IV) isopropoxide as a source of metals. The acetic acid can be used as a solvent, and 2-methoxy was used as a stabilizer for Titanate (IV) isoproxide. The heat-treated powders at different sintering temperatures are characterized using the XRD diffraction technique, SEM, and LCR meter. XRD pattern shows the tetragonal phase of 35/65 Zr/Ti composition. They exhibited high density which is slightly different from the theoretical density, decrease of voids, stoichiometric chemical material, and homogeneity from both physical and chemical material. It has been found that each ceramic sample was exhibited different particles size depending on sintering temperature. The present work is well-crystallized with nanoparticles and single-phase perovskite PZT powders that can be obtained after heat treatment above 550°C for two hours. The dependence of this crystallization temperature is observed on the preparation condition. Lattice constant distortion is realized on dielectric constant, especially on the tetragonal phase.
Theoretical and experimental studies for different compounds to calculate: electronic transfer, energy gap and NLO properties
Authors: Almashhadani Haider Abdulkareem , Alattabih Hadi D. , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Abbas Zaid M.
Published: November 2020

This work involves theoretical and experimental studies for seven compounds to calculate the electrons spectrum and NLO properties. The theoretical study is done by employing the Time Depending Density Functional Theory TD-DFT and B3LYP/high basis set 6-311++G (2d,2p), using Gaussian program 09. Experimental study by UV/VIS spectrophotometer device to prove the theoretical study. Theoretical and experimental results were applicable in spectrum and energy gap values, in addition to convergence theoretically the energy gap results from ΔEHOMO-LUMO and UV/VIS. spectrum. Consider the theoretical method very appropriate to compounds that absorb in vacuum UV.
SnO2 doped In2O3 thin films as reducing gas sensors
Authors: Hasan Bushra A.
Published: November 2020

Summery

This research includes description of the x-ray diffraction, morphology and sensing measurements of SnO2 doped In2O3 thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition method on glass and silicon wafer substrates. In2O3:SnO2 powders were obtained by mixing In2O3 with SnO2 in the desired ratio, and calcination the at temperature 1273 K for 5 hours. SnO2 doped In2O3 thin films with different ratios (0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09% wt.) were prepared using pulsed laser deposition method. The structural investigation using X-ray diffraction revealed that the main peaks were compatible with the slandered cards of indium oxide and indium tin oxide. Atomic force microscope declared reduction of grain size by increasing of tin oxide ratio. The research imply details of samples preparation, experimental methods and results which are given and explained. In2O3:SnO2/n-Si film NH3 sensors were fabricated. The doping ratio that gave the highest sensitivity for NH3 was 5% wt.SnO2. SnO2 doped In2O3 thin films was found sensitive against NH3 at the working temperature 473K. The results showed that the sensors based on I2O3:SnO2 films revealed very short response time(13.5s) to NH3 at 3% SnO2 ratio at473Kworking temperature.
Linear and Nonlinear optical properties of Rhodamine 6G
Authors: Obeed H.H. , Tahir Khawla J. , Ridha Noor J. , Alosfur Firas K. Mohamad , Madlol Rajaa
Published: November 2020

In this study, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of laser dye R6G in methanol solvent were investigated with various concentrations (1×10−4, 5×10−4, 1×10−5, 1×10−6 and 5×10−6 mole/liter) at thickness (1mm). To study the non-linear optical properties like refractive index and absorption coefficient (β) Z-Scan technique was used in two modes, the first is the close aperture which can be done by putting the aperture in front of the detector to find the non-linear refractive index. While the second mode is the open aperture which can be obtained by removing the aperture to find non-linear absorption coefficient, using two-wavelength 532 and 1064 nm. The results show that all R6G dye concentrations exhibited self – focusing in closed aperture Z-scan in 532 nm except the (1x10−4 mol/liter) in 1064 nm which shown a self-defocusing and the change of the effect of saturation absorption in an open aperture in both wavelength.
High performance and efficiency enhancement for organic solar cell : layers thickness optimization
Authors: Attab Rasool R. , Fllayh Ahmed H.
Published: November 2020

A mathematical modeling for performance and efficiency for organic solar cell is presented, bulk hetero-junction photovoltaic of ITO layer (indium tin oxide), P3HT (Poly3-Hexylphiophene) PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) was investigated, the results show main effect of all layers thickness and a major effect for the active layer thickness of the electrical energy obtained for this OPV solar cell due to open circuit voltage, fill factor and short circuit current for the OPV solar cell.

The efficiency investigation was done according to J-V curves obtained from GVPDM (General photovoltaic purpose device model) which built according to optical treatment and drift diffusion model based on the poisson’s equation solution, we started from 1e-5 to 1e-9 meter thickness for each layer, then by taking optimum thickness for each layer which are about 1e-7 meter we investigate the efficiency for active layer thickness between (1e-7 to 9e-7), the efficiency obtained was about 3.7 to 2.7 respectively.
Study the electrical properties of Sb Thin Films with effect of annealing temperature
Authors: Salman Emad A. , Rahim Hasien Ali
Published: November 2020

The electrical properties of the Sb films were studied with different annealing temperatures, these films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature thermal evaporation technique with thickness (0.5 μm), all samples are annealed in a vacuum for one hour. the d.c conductivity for all deposited films decreases from 17.54 × 10−2 to 12.23 × 10−2 (Ω.cm)−1 with increase of annealing temperature form 373K to 473 K. Increasing of annealing temperature from 373K to 473K, caused the electrical activation energies Ea1 and Ea2 to increase from 0.014 to 0.021eV and from 0.026 to 0.033eV respectively. Hall measurements showed that all the films are p-type.
Enhancement the electronic and optical properties for the dye Disperse Orange 13 and using in the solar cell device
Authors: Khudhair Alaa M. , Bardan Kareem H. , Almusawe A. J. , Ajeel Fouad N.
Published: November 2020

Disperse Orange 13 (DO13) is from the Azo dye group, its double azo class. It has a good photo-thermal stability dissolvability and easy preparation so that can be used in optoelectronic applications. In this study, three new dye structures group were designed by adding molecular of thiadiazol, thiophene and oxadiazole to DO13 molecular structure, respectively, to enhance the optical and electronic properties of disperse orange 13 azo dye. This study involves investigation and calculation of the optical and electronic properties. energy band gaps, absorption spectrum as a function to wavelengths, frontier orbital (the highest and lowest molecular; the first is occupied and the second is unoccupied orbital), maximum energy, Fermi energy levels, work functions are studied based on the first concepts of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The study results show an enhancement on optical and electronic properties of DO13 dye. Where the λ maximum values ranged from 454.670 to 496.760 nm, these values are within the visible light region, the absorption increasing from 0.693 for DO13 to 1.288 for DO13-3thiophene. According to all characteristics shown in the study, the new dyes group may be considered a promise material for solar cell applications.
Theoretical Investigation of New Organic Compounds (D-π-A) Based on Triphenylamine as Photosensitizer for Dyesensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Najeeb Hussein Neama , AL-Temime Faeq A. , Al-Khaykanee Mohsin K.
Published: November 2020

The current work involved suggestion of a new material “D-π-A system” for use in solar cells as organic dyes sensitized. The ground state estimations are done by utilizing the hybrid functional “B3LYP” with 6-311G(d, p) basis set on density functional theory (DFT) method in gas phase. Besides, the TD-DFT was selected with same functional to modulate the electronic absorption spectra and charge-transfer capabilities of the dyes analyzed in this study. The effects of introducing different groups as π-bridge on the properties of these materials were examined with intending to confirm the connection between compounds structure and its properties. In addition, various electronic, optical, chemical reactivity and optical parameters were determined from the fully optimized structures. The results demonstrate these materials can be utilized as organic sensitizers for solar cell because of its properties and probability of the electron injection process from each studied molecule to the ECB “conduction band” of TiO2 and PCBM and the subsequent regeneration are possible, finally the electrons transfer will be simple from the examined dyes to TiO2 or PCBM.
Synthesis of ZnO:B thin films Dropped on Porous Silicon for H2Gas Sensing
Authors: Jabbar Rashid Hashim , Hilal Israa Hadi , Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed
Published: November 2020

Porous Silicon PS has been prepared so as to use it a substrate to dropped ZnO:B thin films with different boron concentrations additions (2- 8) % dropped at 450°C through used the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique in approximately 150nm thicknesses. Crystallite and Grain size decreases with adding more of boron as a doping for zinc oxide films which dropped on the negative type (n-type) and positive type (p-type) of PS. Surface morphology study for the obtained the ZnO:B thin films and for the n-PS and p-PS was studied by TEM, SEM and AFM. Sensing properties of ZnO:B thin films for H2gas showed that the increases of boron leads to increases of the thin films sensitivity, measured sensitivity of the n-PS substrate was more than p-PS.
Effect of Solvents on Linear Optical Properties for Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Naser Ban A. , Abd Ulkadhem Nooralhuda J. , Mousa Abdulazeez O.
Published: November 2020

In this work effect of solvents on linear optical properties for solutions of nematic liquid crystals dissolved in different solvents with different concentrations were investigated. Absorption and transmission spectra of this samples had been recorded using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the samples dissolved in chloroform solvent possess very large linear optical properties as compared with samples dissolved in ethanol and methanol solvents. As a result it can be used as resonator cavity in liquid crystal lasers and other optical and photonic devices.
Ultrathin Perfect Metamaterial Absorber Based on Triquetra Shape
Authors: Al-badri Khalid Saeed Lateef
Published: November 2020

Electromagnetic Metamaterial perfect absorber EM-MMPA is representative an artificial electromagnetic material, which has many application prospects in huge fields like energy harvesting from electromagnetic wave. This work focused on the design and simulation ultrathin structure based on polarization unsensitive. However, based on the three-layer structure of copper reflector, dielectric layer and copper triquetra resonator. Through the results, it is found that, at 10.026 GHz with the fundamental mode of resonance can achieve a polarization unsensitive perfect absorption. Furthermore, all the materials involved in this work are easily available, and the size of the unit cell is also within the range of easy implementation, and it has a good prospect of many numbers of practical application.
Natural Radioactivity in Underground Waters In Tallafar Distract In Iraq
Authors: Taher Ashraf Abdulrahman M. , Mohammad Kareem
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the present study is to measure the level of the natural radioactivity of (underground waters samples) in Tallafar district center, from the Alayadiyah side, and from the Al-Adaya village, determination of specific activities of (228Ac,226Ra,214Pb, 137Cs, 40K), (0.40716), (0. 2321), (0. 281), (0.76751), (4.9806) Bq/L respectively using gamma ray spectroscopy technique with NaI(Tl) scintillation detector in 15 samples, also evaluation of radiological hazard indices(radium equivalent Reaq, absorbed dose rate(Dγ), annual effective dose (AEDE indoor), AEDE(outdoor), hazard induces (Hex and Hin) and gamma index (Iγ)). The results showed that the average value of the specific activity are agreement with IAEA publications.
Swarm of Electron Simulation in Carbon Dioxide Parameters for Intermediate E/N Values
Authors: Fayyadh Ibrahim Kaittan , Saud Nissan , Alaboudi Jawad Abdulkadhim , Alwan Ahmed Ibrahim , Kadhim Raheem Obaid , Hasan Nada Mohammaed
Published: November 2020

The rotational excitation and transfer of low-energy electrons cross-sections in carbon dioxide have been obtained to compare in the theoretical & experimental values of the kinetic and diffusion coefficient. the transport coefficients theoretical values of were gained by calculating the delicate electron energy distribution functions using a putative elastic and inelastic cross-sections combination. The values for movement, drift speed, average electron energy, and power noticeable with experimental data were compared. Alteration were made to the default cross sections until obtaining good agreement. Transport coefficients were calculated for values between (6 × 10−17 - 6×10−15 )V cm2 with energy zoning 0.035 eV at 300k° temperature.
Study the effect of changing aperture size on linear and nonlinear properties of wheat germ oil
Authors: Nader Rajaa , Ibrahim Slafa I. , Yaseen Hanaa Mohammed
Published: November 2020

Thespectroscopic and nonlinearproperties of wheat germ oil have been investigated. Two different sources of oil (weight 3.33gm),locally (Emad) and global (Hemani) were used in this work. Theabsorption and fluorescence spectra of the two types of oil were carried out to calculate thequantum efficiencyof them. Nonlinear characteristics were measured by z-scan. The results showed that high quantum efficiency (91.5 for the local oil and 76.6 for the other) As for the non-linear properties, it was measured for wheat germ oil (Emad) by scanning technology (by changing the value of the closed hole (pin hole), the value of (n2) the non-linear refractive index changes with the size of the aperture (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) mm.
Some Electromagnetic Transition Properties of Odd-A Palladium Isotopes
Authors: Waheed Mariam O. , Hossain I. , Khodair Ziad T. , Radhi Fahmi Sh. , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed , Abd-Aljbar Alyaa A. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the Palladium nuclei have been studied by interacting boson fermion model for even-odd nuclei. The isotopes under study have proton number 46 and neutron numbers 63-67. The calculations involved the eigenstates and reduce electric probability. The calculations show that the energy levels are reasonable with experimental data. The B(E2) values compared with those of experimental and are in good agreements. All calculations compared with experimental and give more data for reader.
Measuring the level of Radioactive contamination of selected samples of Sugar and Salt available in the local markets in Najaf governorate / Iraq
Authors: Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alkufi Abdulhussein A. , Kadhim Baydaa Awad
Published: November 2020

Natural radioactivity has attracted a lot of attention in the world due to its crucial role in human safety. Sugar is compound, which is the generic name for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food while salt is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Sugar and salt are very important for human beings, as well as their proven benefits to the general health of human beings. Therefore, the measurement of natural radioactivity is a critical because of its direct impact on human safety. In this research, quantification has been made of natural radionuclide concentrations using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. The analyses of samples reveal the mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and ℛaeq are found to 5.833±1.008, 5.922±0.721, 138.656±0.826, and 24.980(Bq.Kg−1), respectively. also, calculated Iα, Iγ and Hin the values were less than one, it was clear that the ratio of three nuclides concentrations were higher than internationally allowed limits. the estimated annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) resulting with an average 86.321*10−3(mSv.y−1) where lower than globally limits. The data were statistically processed and Pearson’s factor with p–value were calculated for concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K with annual ingestion dose for these nuclides where correlations of 226Ra were more a high increase statistical significance, direct, and positive with other parameters. The consumption of sugar and salt for adult, children and infant, where found the maximum value of cancer risk (ELCR) 0.2421*10−3 in adult for consumption of sugar while the minimum value 0.0005*10−3in infant from consumption of salt, which is less than the global value 2.5*10−3 that assessed by the united nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation to be due to food and water intake.
Study the Magnetization of Water using Digital Camera and Laser beam
Authors: Malik Muatism Ibrahim , Idan Zainab Hameed , Assaf Khudhair A.
Published: November 2020

In this research, the magnetization of the water was investigated through the digital image processing technique of the laser spot after passing through magnetic water. This was done by using different magnetic fields and at different times. It was found that changes in the image of the laser spot are changes in the intensity of the pixel value of the spot image, i.e. the amount of attenuation in the amount of light illumination. The increased exposure time and field strength accelerated the intensity of pixel illumination, due to the rapid deposition of suspended substances in the water by shedding the magnetic field. This study found a new method for measuring the purity of water remotely using remote sensing technology and digital image processing. The laser spot image was studied and analyzed using different methods and software such as MATLAB, Image J, Curve Expert Professional and Origin lab 9.0, also The refractive index of normal water and magnetized water was measured using this technique.

PH and the concentration of salts dissolved in water before and after magnetization were measured and compared between them using devices.
Antibacterial activity and physical features of some nano metals and their oxides
Authors: Khaleel Rana Ismael , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi
Published: November 2020

In this paper, nanomaterials and their oxides have been prepared using a simple chemical mixing method for use as antibacterial agents (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques like FESEM, optical properties and XRD. The results of the composition showed that the nanomaterials had diameters ranging from (50-70) nm.
Exploring frequency effects in chaotic semiconductor laser
Authors: Ibrahim Raghad Ismail
Published: November 2020

The issue related to the chaos control in semiconductor laser has drew attention. The resonant perturbations have been of high importance with regard to the harnessing non-linear oscillators for different applications including inducing chaos as well as controlling chaos. Interesting results have been obtained regarding to the effect of the chaotic resonance by adding the frequency on the chaotic systems. The forcing frequency changes nonlinear dynamical system via critical value, there has been transition from periodic attractor to strange attractor. The experimental studying for the evaluation of chaos modulation behavior are considered in the case when frequency related to external perturbation has been changed, whereas the amplitude related to such perturbation has been fixed. This dynamic regarding laser output have been analyzed by time series, the FFT as well as the plot diagram as a result of this data.
Erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (ER: YAG) for acne lesion treatment
Authors: kadhim Hana Hasan , Kadhim Rasha Jawad , mhawes Ahmed jumaah
Published: November 2020

ER:YAG laser wavelength (2940 nm) was used to treat acne scars of a different type. The laser is stronger than Nd: YAGor IPL.Through, the use of the procedure, the laser beam is late engaged by the skin, particularly those lasers in superfi cial treatment Hence there are several different characteristics related to the layer of the skin, such as stimulating the skin. The review article is about technique.
The effect of changing the wavelength on some of the optical properties of copper nitrate water
Authors: kazem rodhan Zahraa , shaker asis Naglaa , Hashim Ansam ali
Published: November 2020

In this work, some of optical properties for ( Cu(NO3)2.6H2O), such as (transmission, reflectance, absorbance, damping coefficient, refractive index, Brewster angle and critical angle ) have been calculated with (0.1-0.9)gm/ml concentration at (242,449,631,978) nm wave length at 250c. the results showed the optical properties were increased with concentration and wave length have been used, except transmission and critical angle which decreased with the same concentration and wave length when as, the same optical properties have higher values, while the transmission and critical angle were decreased at the case wave length.
Effect of molecular weight on electro – optic switching times of liquid crystal polymer doped with cobalt oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Khalil Sarah m. , Al- ammar Khalid
Published: November 2020

Nonlinearity liquid crystal cell which doped with Ferroelectric nanoparticles characters studied in this paper according to their eclectic absorption. Polysiloxin series with side chain liquid polymers used with side chain polymers and molecular weight ran This study consternate on polymers electro.optic characteristic with various molecular weights by using the mesogenic units and a stable polysiloxane.

Suspension sensitivity or Electro-visual response to the mark of the used electric field, a real character to electric liquid crystals. The addition of Co3O4, nanoparticles to polymer rise dielectric anisotropy and minimize response times. It observed that the voltages rises with molecular weight rising, and when intensity value rise we gain voltage operating.

Spectrometer used infrared measurements to locate the orientational order parameters,

(

s
¯

)

for liquid crystals with a side series. The orientational order parameters

(

s
¯

)

rely on temperature with various molecular weights and the threshold voltage.
Physical Properties of Rhodamine 6G Laser Dye Combined in Polyvinyl Alcohol films as Heat Sensor
Authors: Hadi Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. , Abbas Khaldoon N. , Abdalmuhdi Walaa B.
Published: November 2020

Rhodamine 6G- polyvinylalcohol (Rh6G/PVA) films were prepared via casting route at room temperature with different volume of Rh6G dye solution (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ml). The optical properties of as-prepared films were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The absorption peak of the pure PVA film does not affect by adding the Rh6G dye solution while exhibited increase in intensity of the absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the absorption peak of Rhodamine 6G demonstrated red-shift about 10 nm. Energy band gap slightly affected by adding Rh6G dye solution. The amazing influence of heat treatment on the physical properties of Rh6G/PVA films appeared due to red-shift and decrease the energy band gap. The results exposed that the best sensitivity calculated at temperature 40 °C for as-grown Rh6G (15 ml)/PVA film around 35.74%.
Electron, Proton, and Alpha Stopping Powers of Polyvinyl toluene (PVT) Scintillator Crystal
Authors: Hussein Khalid Shaker , Musa Faten Hussein , Shafik Shafik S.
Published: November 2020

The stopping powers of electrons, protons, and alpha particles incident with different energies on polyvinyl toluene (PVT), which used as a crystal in scintillator detectors, have been calculated using the codes of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For electrons, the collision and radiative stopping powers were calculated and for protons and alpha particles, the electronic and nuclear stopping powers were investigated. The behaviors of the calculated stopping power have been studied and explained. The obtained results strongly suggest that if one used PVT as a detector crystal, they must be shielded against tested particles.
Synthesis SnO2:Bi2O3 Nanostructure Device for Bio Sensor
Authors: Hassan Ayah Mohammed , Shaaban Salma Mahdi , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi
Published: November 2020

SnO2:Bi2O3 colloidal NPs were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Sn:Bi target (50%:50%) in double distilled water (DDW) at room temperature. High purity Sn:Bi target (purity of 99.99%) was fixed at bottom of open a plastic cell containing of 2 ml DDW and DDW+ PVP which represent the liquid media. Ablation is carried out with laser operating at 1.064 nm wavelengths at flounce set in the range of 40.5J/cm2 and (60 laser pulses). The diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern broadened due to the particles in the sample are too small. The primary particle size calculated by Sherrer formula is about 150 nm. The spherical nanoparticles morphologies were carried out by scan electron microscope (SEM) analysis, exhibits spherical with average size distribution found to be 20 nm.
Radiation hazards and transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to plant and cancer risk at Al-Taji city-Iraq
Authors: Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Mhana Waleed Jabar , Ebraheem Rand Mudher
Published: November 2020

The concentrations of natural radionuclides in various common plant species grown in the city of Al-Taji in the capital, Baghdad, were examined using NaI (Tl) gamma spectroscopy. The measurements were made on three parts of each plant sample which included roots, stalk, and leaves in addition to soil. The assessing of transport factors shows the K-40 transfer coefficients were lower than those values mentioned in other previous studies. The mean concentrations of specific activity for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in the basil plant were 4.455±2.944, 18.774±14.998 and 123.767±23.047 Bq/kg respectively. For celery it was 3.904±3.326 Bq/kg, 32.899±6.739 Bq/kg, 85.032±35.650 Bq/kg. As for mint, it was 2.233±4.337 Bq/kg, 25.354±8.696 Bq/kg and 92.115±33.070 Bq/kg. The results showed that the concentration of uranium, thorium and cesium did not exceed the permissible limit. Potassium concentrations will not exceed the internationally permitted level in all parts of plants under study. The radium equivalent activity was 70.527 Bq/kg less than 370 Bq/kg recommended by UNSCEAR. The maximum absorbed dose rate in soil samples was 58.205 nGy/h, which is less than 84 nGy/h. Whereas the average annual effective dose equivalent in soil samples was 285.535 mSv/y which are less than the 290 mSv/y recommended by UNSCEAR, Respectively. The maximum hazard risk index was 0.214 in soil samples and is less than ≤1 recommended by UNSCEAR. The lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) ranged from 142.620×10−3to 999.372×10−3. This value is above the global average of 0.29×10−3and 1.16×10−3reported by UNSCEAR. The lifetime cancer risk is a function of environmental geology and the K-40 soil transfer factor to the plant is very high compared to other radionuclides in the samples. Therefore, there is a risk from its management.
Photoluminescence, Optical Energy Gap and Electrical properties of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by CBD Method
Authors: Alshamarti Hussein Abdullah , Alasadi Lubna A. , Omran Alkhayatt Adel H.
Published: November 2020

In this work, un-doped and Manganese doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods (NRs) thin films were grown on the glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method (CBD) at 80 °C temperature. The effect of Mn content (0, 2 and 4%) on the structural, morphology, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of ZnO NRs films was investigated. The XRD patterns of un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO NRs demonstrate sharp and strong peaks together with high crystalline structure. The FESEM images showed that the nanorods of ZnO and Mn:ZnO were well-aligned and distributed throughout the films. The absorption edge was observed to be blue-shifted and the optical energy gap was found to be widening from (3.21, to 3.31) eV with increased Mn content. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) of Mn-doped samples was examined, at room temperature, and revealed of highly UV emission, whereas the green-yellow wavelengths emissions were enhanced with increased Mn content. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics showed that the photocurrents of all prepared samples are enhanced and the Mn doped samples showed a good response, under UV light.
Simulation of Raman spontaneous scattering factor effect on Stoke Raman and passive Q-switching pulses characteristic
Authors: Kadhem Sally Bassem , Salih Abdul-Kareem Mahdi
Published: November 2020

The effect of Raman spontaneous scattering Factor (Ksp
) on characteristics of passive Q- switching and Raman pulses of (Nd:YVO4, Cr+4:YAG and BaWO4) system has been simulated. A software computer program based in this study to solve the rate equations model using Runge- kutta - Fehalberg numerical method. The study shows that the increase in the value of Ksp
leads to an increase photons density, energy, and, the power of passive Q-switching and Raman pulses. While small effect on pulses duration. The final value of the population inversion decreases with the increase of Ksp
.
Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters
Authors: Cotton D , Maillard A , Kaufmann J
Published: November 2020

Among the sheet forming processes, coining is a specific operation which makes it possible to correct shape defects or to perform thickness reductions in the parts. This operation often requires a very high force which is likely to have an impact on the functioning of the tool or the press. It is therefore important that the coining forces be evaluated accurately, but this is not allowed by the existing analytical calculation formulas. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the coining forces via the adaptation of an existing formula. Such adaptation was carried out based on a study of the influence of the flat coining parameters. To that end, a series of experimental measurements was performed. An instrumented force measuring setup made it possible to measure the maximum coining force. Several parameters were analysed, including the coining ratio and the sheet thickness. Numerical simulations were carried out at the same time, in order to understand the influence of certain parameters on the coining force. 2D numerical models were developed using the Forge NXT2 software. The simulations and the experimental tests were analysed and the results revealed the influential phenomena which have to be taken into account in the analytical formula, in particular the coining surface and the friction. In order to study the friction more thoroughly, ring compression tests were performed so as to determine the friction coefficients, based on the Coulomb’s law limited to Tresca. This type of test is representative of the stresses undergone by the metal during the coining operation. Finally, a new calculation formula is proposed, in order to integrate the coining surface and friction more accurately.