bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IC-IE-AKS-O: an automatic recognition method for coastal slope landslide areas
Authors: Li Peng , Li Weipeng , Liu Dahai , Chen Chun , Fan Tianhui , Gu Renguo , Damar Ario , Htet Min Han , Lin Zhen
Published: October 2024

Automatically and accurately identifying the deformation zone of coastal slope landslides is crucial for exploring the mechanism of landslides and predicting landslide disasters. To this end, this study proposes an integrated automatic recognition method combining Image Clipping (IC), Image Information Enhancement (IE), Adaptive K-means Clustering Segmentation (AKS), and Optimization (O): IC-IE-AKS-O, which achieves precise extraction of the deformation area in coastal slope landslide images. Firstly, due to the more complex natural environment of field slopes, to extend the monitoring duration, we introduce a hierarchical operation algorithm based on the HSV color model, which effectively mitigates the impact of sunlight, rain, and foggy weather on image recognition accuracy. Secondly, this study proposes a 2D landslide image segmentation technique that combines K-means clustering with global threshold segmentation for landslide images, enabling the segmentation of small image regions with precision. Finally, we combine image information enhancement technology with image segmentation technology. To verify its effectiveness, we identify a landslide image of a coastal slope in Pingtan. The method displays an average relative error of 5.20% and 5.14% in the X and Y directions, respectively. Its advantages are threefold: (1) The combination of image information enhancement and segmentation techniques can more accurately identify landslide areas that appear blurred in the image; (2) expanding the temporal dimension of coastal slope monitoring; (3) providing excellent boundary conditions and segmentation results. The practical application of this method ensures the stable and accurate operation of the coastal slope monitoring system, providing a safeguard for the sustainable development of marine safety.
Synthetic biology education and pedagogy: a review of evolving practices in a growing discipline
Authors: Menard Jyler , Diep Patrick , Sheikh Fatima , Escobar Andres , Dykstra Christien B. , Sajtovich Victoria A. , Ahmadi Atiyeh , Bodyreva Elena , Boucinha Austin , Chandrasekharan Saranya , Duan Jin , Emond Christian , Lu Tianyu , McLean Ian , Morse Lauren , Serra Danielle , Stancescu Albert , Suresh Smriti , Ingalls Brian P.
Published: October 2024

Synthetic biology is a growing field with an increasing number of successful applications. Yet, synthetic biology (SynBio) education initiatives are underreported and disconnected from each other. In this review we survey the literature on SynBio education and stratify this body of work into three categories: classroom activities, course designs, and program-level curricula-planning. For each category, we discuss the methods used to assess students’ experiences and achievement of learning objectives. Throughout, we identify trends and opportunities for further development in SynBio education. We determined that the design of low-cost education kits is a growing opportunity to support student learning at the level of classroom activities. In support of that work, we present a mapping of published education kits onto Bloom’s taxonomy, taking into account increasing accumulation of knowledge through continued experience. We further found that project-based learning is used widely and has proven effective in course designs. To facilitate such activities, we provide a high-level guide for the conversion of a didactic course into a project-based learning course. Further, we note that, currently, programs are delivered primarily at the graduate level, taking inspiration from traditional degree programs while incorporating interdisciplinary training. Finally, we find that design-based research may provide an effective framework for an iterative, mixed-method study design. To support such efforts, we provide a schematic overview of design-based research and its application to a learning progression for interdisciplinary skills. We conclude with a discussion of specific learning concepts that may be useful to SynBio educators and education researchers.
Dynamic adaptation in power transmission: integrating robust optimization with online learning for renewable uncertainties
Authors: Dongyang Cai , Jiewen Zuo , Xiaolong Hao
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, into power grids introduces significant challenges due to their inherent variability and unpredictability. Traditional fossil-fuel-based power systems are ill-equipped to maintain stability and cost-effectiveness in this evolving energy landscape.

Methods

This study presents a novel framework that integrates robust optimization with online learning to dynamically manage uncertainties in renewable energy generation. Robust optimization ensures system resilience under worst-case scenarios, while the online learning component continuously updates operational strategies based on real-time data. The framework was tested using an IEEE 30-bus test system under varying levels of renewable energy integration.

Results

Simulation results show that the proposed framework reduces operational costs by up to 12% and enhances system reliability by 1.4% as renewable energy integration increases from 10% to 50%. Additionally, the need for reserve power is significantly reduced, particularly under conditions of high variability in renewable energy outputs.

Discussion

The integration of robust optimization with online learning provides a dynamic and adaptive solution for the sustainable management of power transmission systems. This approach not only improves economic and environmental outcomes but also enhances grid stability, making it a promising strategy for addressing the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on renewable energy.
Conserved perception of host and non-host signals via the a-pheromone receptor Ste3 in Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Rudolph Anina Yasmin , Schunke Carolin , Nordzieke Daniela Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

Understanding the interactions between fungal plant pathogens and host roots is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underpinning the chemotropic responses of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola to maize root exudates. Combining the generation of a deletion mutant with monitoring of disease symptom development and detailed analysis of chemotropic growth using a 3D-printed device, we identify the 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CgSte3 as a key player in sensing both plant-derived class III peroxidases and diterpenoids. Activation of CgSte3 initiates signaling through CgSo, a homolog to the Cell Wall Integrity Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (CWI MAPK) pathway scaffold protein identified in other filamentous fungi, facilitating the pathogen's growth towards plant defense molecules. The NADPH oxidase CgNox2 is crucial for peroxidase sensing but not for diterpenoid detection. These findings reveal that CgSte3 and CWI MAPK pathways are central to C. graminicola's ability to hijack plant defense signals, highlighting potential targets for controlling maize anthracnose.
Sjögren syndrome induced by anti PDL-1 treatment for TNBC: case report and review of literature
Authors: Pellegrino Caterina , D’Antonio Chiara , Ierinò Debora , Onesti Concetta Elisa , Aschelter Anna Maria , Santini Daniele , Mazzuca Federica
Published: October 2024

Background

Rheumatological toxicity associated with immunotherapy, particularly Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), has been observed with variable incidence in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although SjS is a well-known autoimmune disease, its occurrence as an immune-related adverse event (irAE) during cancer treatment is less well understood. Current literature documents a range of incidence rates and clinical manifestations of SjS in patients undergoing ICI therapy, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old woman underwent mammography, which revealed a 43 mm mass in the left breast. Core biopsy confirmed grade 3 infiltrating triple negative ductal carcinoma with high MIB-1. She received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgery and radiotherapy. A CT scan in September 2022 showed lung nodules and lymph node involvement. A lung biopsy confirmed breast cancer metastasis. She started treatment with atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel with evidence of a partial response. Nab-paclitaxel was discontinued due to side effects and atezolizumab was continued as maintenance therapy. After four cycles, the patient developed symptoms consistent with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), which were confirmed by diagnostic tests. Treatment with prednisone, pilocarpine and hydroxychloroquine was initiated alongside ongoing immunotherapy. The patient continues to receive atezolizumab with stable disease and good quality of life.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of recognizing SjS as a potential irAE in patients treated with ICIs, particularly those with TNBC. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for the prompt diagnosis and effective management of SjS to maintain both cancer control and patient quality of life. Given the recent emergence of these events and the lack of specific guidelines, our case report may provide valuable insights into the management of a little-known adverse event and pave the way for further real-world data collection on the management of these rare but significant toxicities that impact on patient quality of life. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and outcomes for patients experiencing rheumatological irAEs during cancer immunotherapy.
SMAD4 enhances the cytotoxic efficacy of human NK cells against colorectal cancer cells via the m6A reader YTHDF2
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Yilin , Cai Lei , Huang Siyong
Published: October 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignant neoplasm in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CRC, the diminished presence and diminished cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells serve as important factors driving the advancement of CRC; however, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing this phenomenon remain incompletely understood. Consequently, the identification of novel, potential anti-CRC targets associated with NK cells emerges as a pressing and paramount concern warranting immediate attention.

Methods

We examined the regulatory mechanism of SMAD4-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity on CRC by utilizing various experimental techniques, such as qRT-PCR, flow cytometry.

Results

Our findings revealed that the expression of SMAD4 is decreased in NK cells within the TME of human CRC. Furthermore, we observed that enforced upregulation of SMAD4 resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity of NK cells towards CRC cells. Furthermore, our research has revealed that YTHDF2 functions as a downstream effector of SMAD4, playing a crucial role in the control of transcription and translation of m6A-modified RNA. Moreover, our investigation demonstrated that increased expression of SMAD4 promoted the activating receptor NKG2D by elevating levels of YTHDF2. Ultimately, the SMAD4-YTHDF2 regulatory axis significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells against human CRC cells.

Conclusion

Our study unveils a novel mechanism through which SMAD4 modulates the cytotoxicity of NK cells towards CRC cells, suggesting that SMAD4 may hold promise as a potential therapeutic target for NK cell therapy in CRC.
Effects and mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori on cancers development and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhong Xiaotian , Zheng Huiling , Zhao Shiqing , Wang Ziye , Su Yi , Zhong Kaili , Wang Mopei , Shi Yanyan
Published: October 2024

Tumor immunotherapy has been widely used in clinical treatment of various cancers. However, some patients of these cancers do not respond to immunotherapy effectively. And H. pylori infection has been considered to be related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize the different effects and mechanisms of H. pylori infection on immunotherapy in different kinds of cancers. We searched the relevant literature on H. pylori and tumor immunotherapy, and summarized to form a review. Generally, H. pylori infection plays a role in affecting kinds of cancers’ development, besides gastric cancer. Current evidence suggests that H. pylori infection may reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma, but due to the lack of sufficient evidence, more data is needed to prove that. While for gastric cancer, the effects remain controversial. The H. pylori regulation effects and metabolisms involved in systematic related cancers should be paid attention to. Whether H. pylori should be eradicated when immunotherapy performed may be a critical consideration for some kinds of tumors.
Microbes and pathogens associated with shrimps - implications and review of possible control strategies
Authors: Bhassu Subha , Shama Maryam , Tiruvayipati Suma , Soo Tze Chiew Christie , Ahmed Niyaz , Yusoff Khatijah
Published: October 2024

Shrimp aquaculture has been growing rapidly over the last three decades. However, high-density aquaculture together with environmental degradation has led to increased incidence of shrimp infections. Thus, devising and implementing effective strategies to predict, diagnose and control the spread of infections of shrimps are crucial, also to ensure biosecurity and sustainability of the food industry. With the recent advancements in biotechnology, more attention has been given to develop novel promising therapeutic tools with potential to prevent disease occurrence and better manage shrimp health. Furthermore, owing to the advent of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, it has become possible to analyze the genetic basis of susceptibility or resistance of different stocks of shrimps to infections and how sustainable aquaculture could be made free of shrimp diseases.
Spatiotemporal variability of satellite-derived abundance of Karenia spp. during 2021 in shelf waters along the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kuroda Hiroshi , Takagi Satomi , Azumaya Tomonori , Hasegawa Natsuki
Published: October 2024

Unprecedented catastrophic damage to coastal fisheries attributable to harmful Karenia outbreaks were reported in Pacific coastal shelf waters off the southern coast of Hokkaido from late summer to autumn in 2021. To understand the spatiotemporal variability of the Karenia blooms, we analyzed Sentinel 3-derived abundances of Karenia spp. together with marine environmental variables. Karenia spp. were very widely distributed over a maximum of more than 400 km along the shelf from the easternmost Pacific coast of Hokkaido to Cape Erimo, where there was a nearly stable water-mass front, to the west, where pure subtropical water inhibited the westward expansion of Karenia spp. blooms. The duration of the appearance of Karenia spp. at a fixed point was very long—about 45 days—in the middle part of the shelf. East of the Tokachi River, the time-averaged abundances of Karenia spp. were robustly correlated with the time-averaged alongshore velocity and stability of the Coastal Oyashio, a coastal boundary current; more intense and stable alongshore currents were associated with less developed Karenia spp. blooms. Time-averaged abundances of Karenia spp. were the highest in the middle part of the shelf, west of the Tokachi River, where low-salinity water from the river suppressed the development of the surface winter mixed layer and might have fostered favorable growth conditions and supplied nutrients of land origin. During the period of Karenia spp. blooms, abundances changed rapidly on a small scale (typically, ≤2 days and ≤50 km) in association with physical-biochemical coupled submesoscale variations. Subsampling of these variations of Karenia spp. abundances at 1-day intervals showed that the maxima and center of gravity of Karenia spp. abundances moved slowly westward along the coast at a typical velocity of 4 cm s−1. This velocity was one-third that of the time-averaged alongshore velocity of the Coastal Oyashio. Particle-tracking experiments implied that horizontal advection by the Coastal Oyashio, which supplied Karenia spp. eliminated from the upstream shelf to the downstream shelf, contributed to the long duration of Karenia spp. blooms on the middle part of the shelf.
Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes
Authors: Michalska-Smith Matthew , Schlatter Daniel C. , Pombubpa Nuttapon , Castle Sarah C. , Grandy A. Stuart , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. , Kinkel Linda L.
Published: October 2024

Plants serve as critical links between above- and below-ground microbial communitites, both influencing and being influenced by microbes in these two realms. Below-ground microbial communities are expected to respond to soil resource environments, which are mediated by the roots of plants that can, in turn, be influenced by the above-ground community of foliar endophytes. For instance, diverse plant communities deposit more, and more diverse, nutrients into the soil, and this deposition is often increased when foliar pathogens are removed. Differences in soil resources can alter soil microbial composition and phenotypes, including inhibitory capacity, resource use, and antibiotic resistance. In this work, we consider plots differing in plant richness and application of foliar fungicide, evaluating consequences on soil resource levels and root-associated Streptomyces phenotypes. Soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter were greater in samples from polyculture than monoculture, yet this increase was surprisingly offset when foliar fungal communities were disrupted. We find that Streptomyces phenotypes varied more between richness plots—with the Streptomyces from polyculture showing lower inhibitory capacity, altered resource-use profiles, and greater antibiotic resistance—than between subplots with/without foliar fungicide. Where foliar fungicide affected phenotypes, it did so differently in polyculture than in monoculture, for instance decreasing niche width and overlap in monoculture while increasing them in polyculture. No differences in phenotype were correlated with soil nutrient levels, suggesting the need for further research looking more closely at soil resource diversity and particular compounds that were found to differ between treatments.
Effect of closed-loop vibration stimulation on sleep quality for poor sleepers
Authors: Kwon Hyun Bin , Jeong Jonghyeok , Choi Byunghun , Park Kwang Suk , Joo Eun Yeon , Yoon Heenam
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Recent studies have investigated the autonomic modulation method using closed-loop vibration stimulation (CLVS) as a novel strategy for enhancing sleep quality. This study aimed to explore the effects of CLVS on sleep quality, autonomic regulation, and brain activity in individuals with poor sleep quality.

Methods

Twenty-seven participants with poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index >5) underwent two experimental sessions using polysomnography and a questionnaire, one with CLVS (STIM) and the other without (SHAM).

Results

Sleep macrostructure analysis first showed that CLVS significantly reduced the total time, proportion, and average duration of waking after sleep onset. These beneficial effects were paralleled by significantly increased self-reported sleep quality. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the normalized high-frequency (nHF) and electroencephalography relative powers of delta activity during N3 sleep under STIM. Additionally, coherence analysis between nHF and delta activity revealed strengthened coupling between cortical and cardiac oscillations.

Discussion

This study demonstrated that CLVS significantly improves sleep quality in individuals with poor sleep quality by enhancing both subjective and objective measures. These findings suggest that CLVS has the potential to be a practical, noninvasive tool for enhancing sleep quality in individuals with sleep disturbances, offering an effective alternative to pharmacological treatments.
POLQ immunostaining behaves as a prognostic factor for pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: del Puerto-Nevado Laura , Fernández-Aceñero María J. , Cebrián Arancha , Fatych Yuliia , Díez-Valladares Luis I. , Pérez-Aguirre Elia , de la Serna Sofía , García-Botella Alejandra , Martínez-Useros Javier , García-Foncillas Jesús , Mateos-Gómez Pedro A.
Published: October 2024

Background

DNA polymerase theta (POLQ) is a translesion synthesis polymerase essential for the repair of double strand breaks by the error-prone TMEJ (Theta Mediated End Joining) pathway. Although POLQ participates in maintaining genome stability, several studies have shown that its overexpression correlates with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Due to the fact that its role as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer remains unexplored, we aimed to study the usefulness of POLQ H-score as a prognostic factor in a pancreatic cancer patient cohort.

Methods

We evaluated POLQ gene expression using a web-based tool to deliver gene expression profiling and interactive analyses based on TCGA and GTEx (GEPIA) and we examined the POLQ immunostaining in 152 biliopancreatic cancer surgical specimens using tissue microarrays. Association with survival was evaluated by Kaplan Meier curves and uni-multivariate Cox regression.

Results

GEPIA analysis showed statistical differences according to POLQ mRNA levels in Disease Free Survival (DFS) (log rank 0.023, HR 2.8, p=0.029) and Overall Survival (OS) (log rank 0.011, HR 3.1, p=0.016). For immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation, POLQ H-score was calculated, and showed statistical differences for OS in Kaplan Meier curves (log rank 0.001) and uni-multivariate analysis (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.24-4.15, p=0.008).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that POLQ is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer when analyzed by immunostaining, which is in agreement with the results shown by the POLQ gene expression analysis (GEPIA).
Acute pancreatitis and biliary obstruction from metastatic lymph node compression during [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617 therapy: a case report
Authors: Belge Bilgin Gokce , Navin Patrick J. , Johnson Derek R. , Sartor Oliver , Kendi Ayse Tuba
Published: October 2024

Radioligand therapies such as [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617 have gained significant momentum in cancer treatment after clinical trials and multicenter studies demonstrated their safety and efficacy. As these innovative treatments become more widespread, rare and unique clinical manifestations are expected to be observed. In this report, we describe a case with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and peripancreatic lymph node metastases who developed acute pancreatitis following [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.
Microwave ablation for high-risk pulmonary nodules in patients infected with the Omicron variant of Sars-Cov-2 within 3 months: a retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy
Authors: Chen Yuxian , Li Yang , Meng Hong , Li Chunhai , Kong Fanlei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) for high-risk pulmonary nodules in patients infected with the Omicron variant within 3 months, a retrospective study was conducted.

Methods

The study included patients with multiple high-risk nodules who underwent CT-guided MWA from April 2022 to April 2023. Patients were divided into an observation group and a control group. The primary endpoints were postoperative complications and hospital length of stay, while the secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

A total of 157 patients were included in the analysis, with 64 in the observation group and 93 in the control group. No deaths occurred within 30 days after MWA. In the observation group, the median follow-up time was 7 months, during which 5 patients experienced disease progression after MWA, including 3 cases of pulmonary metastases. Complications were primarily pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and hemorrhage, with an incidence rate of 57.8%, which was statistically significant (p=0.005). The median length of hospital stay was 5 days for the observation group and 6 days for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS between the two groups after the removal of lung metastases (p=0.265).

Discussion

CT-guided MWA is an alternative treatment for patients with high-risk lung nodules who have been infected with Omicron within the past 3 months.
Evaluation of prognostic factors for late recurrence in clear cell renal carcinoma: an institutional study
Authors: Voskuil-Galoş Diana , Călinici Tudor , Piciu Andra , Nemeş Adina
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives

Following nephrectomy with curative intent, a subset of patients diagnosed with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (nmRCC) will present late recurrences, with metastatic relapses after 5 years from the surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of late recurrences in Romanian patients with nmRCC that have undergone surgery and to assess the clinicopathological characteristics prognostic for late-relapse RCC.

Materials and methods

This is a single-center, retrospective and observational study that analyzed patients with nmRCC with clear cell histology who underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor with curative intent. The patients included in the study were treated and further surveilled according to a personalized follow-up plan between January 2011 and December 2012 in The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Study endpoints included median disease-free survival (DFS), median overall survival (OS), as well as evaluation of possible prognostic factors indicative of late relapse.

Results

In the study cohort (n=51), the median DFS was 46 months and median OS was 130 months. DFS was significantly correlated with the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) score (p=0.04, HR=2.48; 95% CI [1.02, 6.01]), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (a higher NLR value was associated with a poorer DFS, p=0.035), tumor size (T4 tumors vs. T1 p<0.05, HR=9,81; 95% CI [2.65, 36.27]) and Fuhrman nuclear grade (Fuhrman grade 1 vs. Fuhrman grade 3 p<0.05, HR=4,16; 95% CI = [1.13,15.22]). Fifty one percent of the patients included experienced disease relapse. From this subgroup, a significant percentage of 42% patients presented disease recurrence after 60 months from nephrectomy. OS was correlated to IMDC score (p=0.049, HR=2.36; 95% CI [1, 5.58]) and Fuhrman nuclear grade (Fuhrman grade 1 vs. Fuhrman grade 3 p<0.05, HR=3,97; 95% CI [1.08, 14.54]).

Conclusions

The results of this study support the previously presented biological behavior of RCC, demonstrating that late recurrences in RCC are not uncommon occurrences and patients with localized RCC should be followed up for a longer interval after the surgery for the primary tumor. In addition, the study strengthens the data supporting certain biomarkers as valuable prognostic factors determining survival outcomes of patients with RCC.
Hygienic practice during complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Borecha Woreda, southwestern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Birdida Rabira Tariku , Malka Erean Shigign , Negash Kush Efrem , Tolesa Alemu Fikadu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Complementary feeding is a critical transitional phase in the life of an infant, and complementary foods should be prepared, stored, and fed hygienically, with clean hands, dishes, and utensils to prevent diseases. However, the prevalence and risk factors associated with hygienic complementary feeding practice have not been well addressed in Ethiopia, especially in the study area.

Objective

This study aimed to assess hygienic practices and associated factors during complementary feeding among mothers with children aged 6–24 months in Borecha Woreda, Buno Bedele Zone, southwestern Ethiopia, in 2022.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling technique. The study was conducted on 536 mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Borecha Woreda from 1 March to 1 April 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, cleaned, edited, and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Moreover, crude (for bivariate) and adjusted (multivariable) odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess the association between independent factors and outcome variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

Out of 536 respondents, 350 (65.3%) exhibited poor hygienic practices during complementary feeding. The risk of poor hygienic practices was about two times higher among women over 30 than those under 25 (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.11–2.90). Mothers whose husbands had primary education or higher had a 50% reduced risk (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.31–0.83) of poor hygienic care practices during complementary feeding compared to their counterparts. The odds of poor hygiene practice among mothers with poor knowledge of hygienic care were 2.71 times higher than those with good knowledge (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.60–4.61).

Conclusion

The prevalence of poor hygienic practices during the preparation and handling of complementary foods among mothers in Borecha Woreda is high compared to other studies. Therefore, improving hygiene practices during complementary food preparation requires the involvement and responsibility of policymakers, the community, and families.
Children with sickle cell disease: are they protected from serious COVID-19?
Authors: Shahin Walaa Aboulkasem , Aldeeb Hayam , Alsulami Majed , Tammas Abdullah , Albatniji Fatma , Almanea Aljawhara , Zayed Abdalla Mohamed , Alabbas Fahad , Alzahrani Azzah , Bin Ali Tahani , Elyamany Ghaleb , Almaghrabi Rana Hassan , Elfaraidi Huda
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19, the pandemic that hit the world in 2020, resulted in millions of deaths, with the elderly and adults succumbing to the disease more often than children. However, the presence of underlying morbidities increased the risk of death. Sickle cell disease (SCD) was previously classified as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. However, presently, there are only a limited number of studies that identify the clinical course of children with SCD and COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study on children with SCD admitted due to COVID-19 at three different institutions in Saudi Arabia between March 2020 and March 2022. We studied the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to the hospital.

Results

Seventy-six patients with SCD had PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during the study period; 50.0% of our patient population were children (6–12 years old). Gender was evenly distributed, with 53.9% girls and 46.1% boys. Symptoms more commonly related to the COVID-19 infection included fever, cough, malaise, and vomiting. Chest x-ray findings revealed mild and non-specific symptoms only in approximately one-third (28) of the included children. The most common symptoms associated with SCD were vaso-occlusive crisis (47.4%) and abdominal pain (11.8%). The overall general appearance of most of the patients was reassuring. The median length of hospital stay was 4.2 ± 2.7 days. The mean white blood cell count was 11.4 ± 5.2 × 109/L, and the mean hemoglobin level was 8.3 ± 1.5 g/dl. Despite the fact that higher levels of mean D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin were reported in these patients, the clinical outcome was not affected. All recruited patients received hydroxyurea as maintenance therapy. The outcome of our study was reassuring, with no significant morbidity or mortality observed among the recruited patients.

Conclusion

Despite SCD being a chronic disease with known specific complications, there has been a claim that COVID-19 infection adds further risk. The results of this study suggest that the overall outcome of COVID-19 was favorable, with no reported mortality. Further research is needed to understand the factors that contributed to this favorable outcome. In children with SCD, it is still questionable whether hydroxyurea is one of the protective factors against severe COVID-19. Validation through large-scale research is recommended.
Risk factors affecting relapse after discontinuation of biologics in children with Crohn's disease who maintained deep remission
Authors: Kim Hansol , Kim Yoon Zi , Kim Seon Young , Choe Yon Ho , Kim Mi Jin
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Biologics are important therapeutic agents for pediatric Crohn's disease. Discontinuation of biologics is known to increase the relapse rate up to 71.4% in these patients; however, their long-term use increases the risk of opportunistic infections and causes economic burden and psychological fatigue. Therefore, taking a drug holiday is meaningful, even if the biologics cannot be completely discontinued. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors affecting relapse after discontinuation of biologics in children with Crohn's disease.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 435 children with Crohn's disease who visited a single health center between March 2013 and March 2021. Subsequently, we analyzed data from the patients who discontinued biologics after deep remission.

Results

Among the enrolled patients, 388 were followed up for ≥2 years, and of these, 357 were administered biologics. A total of 103 patients discontinued biologics after deep remission, subsequently 31 maintained remission and 72 relapsed. The shorter the duration of biologic treatment (odds ratio of 0.444, P = 0.029), the higher the ESR (odds ratio of 1.294, P = 0.009) and fecal calprotectin (odds ratio of 1.010, P = 0.032), and the less histological remission at the time of discontinuation of biologics (odds ratio of 0.119, P = 0.026), the greater the risk of relapse after discontinuation of biologics.

Conclusions

We identified factors associated with relapse after discontinuation of biologics. The results suggest that biologics can be discontinued in the absence of these factors after deep remission. However, because the relapse rate may increase after the discontinuation of biologics, close monitoring is important, and if necessary, re-administration of biologics should be actively considered.
Inhibition of HCN1 currents by norquetiapine, an active metabolite of the atypical anti-psychotic drug quetiapine
Authors: Jean Jacques Amélie , D’Avanzo Nazzareno
Published: October 2024

Quetiapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic drug that has been commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (depression), and other psychological disorders. Targeted inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels, which generate Ih, may provide effective resistance against schizophrenia and depression. We investigated if HCN channels could contribute to the therapeutic effect of quetiapine, and its major active metabolite norquetiapine. Two-electrode voltage clamp recordings were used to assess the effects of quetiapine and its active metabolites 7-hydroxyquetiapine and norquetiapine on currents from HCN1 channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Norquetiapine, but not quetiapine nor 7-hydroxyquetiapine, has an inhibitory effect on HCN1 channels. Norquetiapine selectively inhibited HCN1 currents by shifting the voltage-dependence of activation to more hyperpolarized potentials in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 13.9 ± 0.8 μM for HCN1 and slowing channel opening, without changing the kinetics of closing. Inhibition by norquetiapine primarily occurs from in the closed state. Norquetiapine inhibition is not sensitive to the external potassium concentration, and therefore, likely does not block the pore. Norquetiapine inhibition also does not dependent on the cyclic-nucleotide binding domain. Norquetiapine also inhibited HCN4 channels with reduced efficacy than HCN1 and had no effect on HCN2 channels. Therefore, HCN channels are key targets of norquetiapine, the primary active metabolite of quetiapine. These data help to explain the therapeutic mechanisms by which quetiapine aids in the treatment of anxiety, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, and may represent a novel structure for future drug design of HCN inhibitors.
The association between pan-immune-inflammation value and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Qiu Shuhui , Jiang Qi , Li Yang
Published: October 2024

Background

The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is an emerging biomarker quantitatively reflecting the systemic immune-inflammatory status. The predictive value of PIV has been well-established across various clinical settings. However, its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear and necessitates further investigation.

Methods

Data from NHANES 1999–2018 were filtered. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the correlation between COPD prevalence and PIV in all participants. COX regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to investigate the relationship between COPD all-cause mortality and PIV in COPD patients. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses and piecewise linear regression analyses were additionally employed to explore the correlation between PIV and COPD. Subgroup analyses were performed to further clarify the effects of other covariates on the associations. Sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 28,485 participants aged 40 years and older were recruited for this study. After fully adjusting for covariates, higher PIV levels were independently associated with increased COPD prevalence (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.39–2.01) and all-cause mortality (HR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.41–2.95). The COPD prevalence curve exhibited an inflection point at Log10-PIV of 2.24, showing no significant correlation on the left side (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.45–1.64) but a positive correlation on the right side (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.57–2.55). The COPD all-cause mortality curve displayed an inflection point at Log10-PIV of 2.38, indicating a negative correlation on the left side (HR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.12–0.44) and a positive correlation on the right side (HR = 4.12; 95% CI: 2.62–6.48). Subgroup analyses with interaction tests showed that the strength of the correlation between PIV and COPD prevalence was influenced by race, smoking status, and BMI (all p for interaction <0.05). The relationship between PIV and COPD all-cause mortality was unaffected by any covariates (all p for interaction >0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated PIV levels are associated with increased COPD prevalence. COPD patients with either elevated or reduced PIV levels experience higher all-cause mortality. Further large-scale, longitudinal studies are required to corroborate these findings.
Analysis of the plant hormone expression profile during somatic embryogenesis induction in teak (Tectona grandis)
Authors: Zhou Wenlong , Yang Guang , Pan Dongkang , Wang Xianbang , Han Qiang , Qin Yaqi , Li Kunliang , Huang Guihua
Published: October 2024

Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an efficient regeneration system for propagation. It involves the regulation of a complex molecular regulatory network encompassing endogenous hormone synthesis, metabolism, and signal transduction processes, induced through exogenous plant growth regulators. Previous studies have focused primarily on traditional propagation methods for Tectona grandis, but there is limited knowledge on SE and its hormonal regulatory mechanisms. In our study, different SE stages, including the nonembryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC), and globular and heart-shaped embryo (E-SEs) stages, were induced in teak cotyledons incubated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Morphological and histological observations indicated that EC primarily originates from the development of embryogenic cell clusters. During SE induction, the levels of six classes of endogenous hormones, IAA, CTK, ETH, ABA, SA, and JA, changed significantly. Transcriptome analysis revealed that endogenous hormones participate in SE induction in teak through various biological processes, such as biosynthesis, metabolism, and signal transduction pathways. We found that IAA biosynthesis primarily occurs through the IAM pathway during these three stages. The ETH receptor kinase gene SERF1 exhibited the highest expression levels in E-SEs. The ABA-, SA-, and JA-related signal transduction genes ABI3, NPR1, and JAZ exhibited no differential expression during different stages. Moreover, key encoding genes of SE regulators, including WUS, WOX and SERK, were differentially expressed during SE. In conclusion, this study offers insights into the roles of endogenous hormones and their interactions during SE induction.
Multi-gene analysis of the Russula crown clade (Russulales, Basidiomycota) revealed six new species and Alboflavinae subsect. nov. from Fagaceae forests in China
Authors: Niu Caiyun , Liu Tiezhi , Zhao Shiyi , Ren Jing , Zhao Yi , Kang Xia , Qin Weiqiang , Xie Xuejiao , Zhang Xu , Wei Tiezheng , Tian Jinghua , Li Xiao , Li Ming , Li Shoumian , Li Guojie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The crown clade is one of two major groups in the Russula subg. Russula.

Methods/material

An analysis of Chinese samples was performed based on the morphology, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and multi-gene phylogenies of 28S nrLSU, 16S mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α.

Results

The results supported the independence of six new species: Russula alboflava (sect. Amethystinae), R. chrysantha (subsect. Chamaeleontinae), R. liyui (subsect. Laricinae), R. lutescens (subsect. Olivaceinae), R. paraxerampelina, and R. prunicolor (subsect. Xerampelinae) from Fagaceae forest habitats. Subsect. Alboflavinae was newly proposed in sect. Amethystinae. Members of the new subsection include R. alboflava, R. burlinghamiae, and possibly R. ballouii.

Discussion

Our analyses also supported the claim that two species of R. fulvograminea (subsect. Laricinae) and R. subrubens (subsect. Xerampelinae) have a Eurasian distribution. The habitat and primary hosts of the main phylogenetic clades within related subsections were summarized and discussed.
The interaction effect of water deficit stress and seaweed extract on phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Authors: Fozi Vahid , Esmaeili Hassan , Alizadeh Abouzar , Eghlima Ghasem , Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

Introduction

With increasing drought stress due to climate change and water scarcity, the agricultural sector has sought innovative strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects on crop productivity. One approach that has received significant attention is the use of fertilizers and biostimulants as potential means of alleviating drought stress.

Methods

In this study, five different irrigation levels including 100% (control), 80% (slight stress), 60% (mild stress), 40% (moderate stress), and 20% (severe stress) of field capacity (FC) and seaweed extract (SWE) at three concentrations (0, 5, and 10 g/L) were applied to the pots containing one-year-old licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) plants in a factorial completely randomized design experiment with three replications for eight weeks.

Results and discussion

The glycyrrhizic acid content increased with water stress intensity without the application of SWE until severe (20% FC) water stress treatment. The application of 10 g/L SWE under 100% FC led to a significant increase in the glycyrrhizic acid value (32.5±0.889 mg/g DW) compared with non-SWE application (30.0±1.040 mg/g DW). The maximum glabridin content (0.270±0.010 mg/g DW) was obtained under irrigation of 20% field capacity with 10 g/L SWE application. In addition, the activity of the all studied enzymes such as APX (ascorbate peroxidase), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were boosted by increasing the water stress levels. The use of SWE further enhanced the increase of some of these metabolites and enzymes, which, in turn, helped the plant to tolerate stress conditions through the scavenging of more ROS (Reactive oxygen species), wherein for this purpose, the SWE 10 g/L was more effective than other concentration. The plants efficiently eliminated ROS driven from drought stress by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic systems.
Comparative effects of open-skill and closed-skill sports on executive function in university students: a 16-week quasi-experimental study
Authors: Li Yu-fan , Gao Tianyu , Luo Li-peng , He Shan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Previous reviews have often concluded that open-skill sports are more effective at enhancing executive function (EF) than closed-skill sports. However, this conclusion may not hold for closed-skill sports with high cognitive demands, such as golf. This study aimed to compare the effects of football (open-skill) and golf (closed-skill) training on enhancing EF in university students.

Method

Using a quasi-experimental, pre-post test design, 63 male participants were assigned to three groups: football (n = 21), golf (n = 21), and a sedentary control group (n = 21). Over 16 weeks of training, the intervention groups engaged in four 90-min training sessions per week, while the control group attended one 80-min physical education class per week. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. EFs, including inhibition control and working memory, were assessed using the Flanker task and Corsi-block tapping task, respectively. Cardiovascular fitness (CRF) was measured by the multi-stage fitness test.

Results

The golf group showed significant improvements in inhibition control from pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.02, d = 0.26), while the football and control groups did not exhibit significant changes. Post-intervention comparisons indicated no significant differences in EF performance between the golf and football groups; however, both outperformed the control group (golf, p = 0.002, d = 0.99; football, p = 0.01, d = 0.67). No significant improvement was observed in working memory for any group. Additionally, changes in CRF were not significantly correlated with EF performance.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence that golf, a closed-skill sport with high cognitive demands, can effectively improve inhibitory control after 16 weeks of training. This improvement is comparable to that observed in football, an open-skill sport. The findings also suggest that the cognitive demands of the sports, rather than improvements in physical fitness, may be primarily responsible for the enhancements in EF.