bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Ketua Osis Dengan Menerapkan Metode Composite Performance Index (Cpi) (Studi Kasus : Smp Swasta Kavri Talun Kenas)
Authors: Tarigan Suci Ananda
Published: March 2022

Decision support system is part of a computer-based information system that can be used to support decision making in an organization or company. Decision support systems can be generated using several methods, one of which is the Composite Performance Index (CPI) method. Composite Performance Index is a composite Index that can be used to determine the determination or ranking of various alternatives based on several criteria. Intra-School Student Organizations (OSIS) have a special function in preparing students to implement management systems and leadership.In determining the student council chairman has criteria, such as intelligence, behavior,craftsmanship, and neatness, which usually the school still records manually so that it is considered less effective.
Instance Segmentation and Labeling of Teeth from Dental X-Ray using Region Based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Department of CSE  GITAM Institute of Technology GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India, Rodda Sireesha ,   Department of CSE GITAM Institute of Technology GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India,   Department of CSE GITAM Institute of Technology GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India, .. Vaibhav , Dokula Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Radiological Examination of teeth is a primary step that a dentist usually takes to diagnose the problem before further treatment. The diagnosis involves searching for diseases ranging from cavities to tumors, So, correct diagnosis is vital for timely and precise treatment. This paper attempts to solve one of the elementary steps in diagnosis i,e, Labeling of Teeth, using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks that help reduce monotonous work for a dentist and provide segments of each tooth for further diagnosis of diseases with the use of Mask R-CNN. We used 200 panoramic X-Ray images of 4 categories to train, test and validate the model. Mask R-CNN with pre-trained weights of COCO Dataset is employed. We further tuned the weights of the dental X-ray dataset considered in the paper for better performance. On testing the learned model, the performance measures were encouraging.
الاختلاف في التفسير: مفهومه، نشأته، وتطوره (دراسة تحليلية تاريخيه)
Authors: Abdul Rasheed  , Dr. Fazli Dayan
Published: March 2022

Indeed, Allah, the exalted has revealed His book to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and made it a proof of Prophetic authenticity. Almighty Allah, for the service of His book, created numerous people who spent their lives to elucidate the meanings and purposes of the holy Qur’ān according to their deductive and extractive capabilities. It is worth mentioning that the verses of the holy Qur’ān are of two types; one is unalterably fixed (muḥkam) which has a clearer meaning and cannot be subject to change or abrogation. While the other is unintelligible (mutashābih) this has multiple intending and subject to further investigation. In which the intellect, rational and logical understanding has a significant role to play for the suspension and otherwise the Lawgiver’s intention. And thus, in this case, juristic personal inferences can be expanded to various connotations for clarity or ambiguity to establish a real and ultimately required prescription. Resultantly, this breadth caused diversity among the Qur’ānic exegeses. Therefore, the present study provides a historical overview of disagreement(s) between the Qurānic commentators of the classical Islamic era; to let the readers know whether such discrepancy has arisen from assorted documented scientific and interpretational reasons? Or whether their dissension is based on their desires, incongruity, stinginess, haughtiness, or something that is a result of fanaticism and zealotry? Consequently, this research presents the origin and development of the disparity in Qur’ānic interpretation. Similarly, it also shed light on the aspect of those who laid the foundations of this field. More particularly, the companions, their successors and those who followed them in performing the duty of discernment miscellaneous meanings of the holy Qur’ān; make personal inferences by meditating Qur’ānic verses juristically, lexically and syntactically. Correspondingly, the breadth of ideas about the development of time; diverseness because of the dissimilar events along with the history of dissonance(s) in Qur’ānic interpretation keeping in view various periods and the stages of its emergence will be the center of debate in this article.
Heart Intelligence from Quran and Science: An Integrated Approach for the Evolution of Enlightened Self in the Society
Authors: Iram Gillani  , Amber Ferdoos
Published: March 2022

This qualitative research paper has presented the theoretical underpinning of heart intelligence from the Quranic and scientific perspectives. Epistemological reductionism is the methodology used in this research which is an integrated approach for a thorough understanding of mechanisms that generates and maintains the connections between heart intelligence, self, society, nature, and God from the interdisciplinary perspectives. This research has explained three elements of the heart intelligence named, emotional, rational and spiritual according to their functions. These elements of the heart intelligence are explained from the verses of the Quran and scientific evidence is also provided. Realignment of the individual thoughts patterns with the heart intelligence is fundamental to peace, harmony and wellbeing at the individual, societal and global level. Through this Divine inner guiding system, individuals can understand the challenges of life and acquire true wisdom.  This research affirms that the socialization of heart intelligence will bring new more creative ways of thinking about the nature of reality and create the possibility for self-empowered existence where individuals in the society have enormous influence over their lives with an optimistic approach.
سامی ادیان میں بدکاری کی سزا ؤں کا تقابلی مطالعہ
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Yaseen  , Dr. Abdul Rasheed Qadri
Published: March 2022

Maintaining law and order is one of the primary functions of a political set up and government’s all over the world, since times immemorial, have done this by introducing a system of reward and punishment. Religions have been instrumental in providing the ethical grounds for formulation as well as enforcement of this system of reward and punishment. These notions of reward and punishment help promote harmony and peaceful coexistence. Societal harmony and peace can only be ensured if the same has already been established at the family level since the family is the very basic and primary structural unit of any society. The family originates with a man and woman agreeing to live as husband and wife for procreation and conjugal bliss. Almost the Semitic religions emphasise the need to regulate this conjugal relationship according to the parameters of justice, love, mutual respect, and adherence to the religious code that recognizes and regulates this relationship between two individuals. Faithfulness and Fair play in a sexual relationship have been categorically highlighted as inviolable canons of conduct by all the religions, especially the three Semitic religions, i.e., Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Sustainable peace in a society is dependent upon strict conformity with these religious guidelines of sexual conduct. Adherents to these canons of conduct have been promised worldly and heavenly bliss and the transgressors of limits have been warned of horrible consequences in this worldly existence as well as in the life of the hereafter. Through this dissertation, the researcher aims at conducting a comparative analysis of worldly punishments meted out to adulterers in these three Semitic religions to prove that there has been a consistent continuity in all the three Semitic faiths so far as dealing with this phenomenon of adultery is concerned.
تفسیر زاد المسیرمیں امام ابن جوزی کا شعری استشہاد اور معانی قرآن پر اس کے اثرات
Authors: Sajjad Hussain  , Dr. Abdul Hamid
Published: March 2022

This paper intends to highlight the impacts of Arabic poetry to understand the meaning of Qur’ān and understanding its various dimensions as contributed by Imām Ibn al-Jawzī citing verses of poetry in Tafsīr Zād al-Masīr. As greater the understanding of Arabic linguistic, poetry, words and phrases prevailing in that particular culture greater will be the comprehension of Qur’ānic meaning. Poetry within the ethical domain has been venerated by Islam and declared as wisdom. In this study, we may estimate analytically how Ibn al-Jawzī elaborate various directions and guidance in the light of Qur’ānic verses with reference to the poetry citation. This discussion arrived at the conclusion that in Tafsīr Zād al-Masīr scope of meanings of words and their implications have been extended along with a unique exegetical approach. Ibn al-Jawzī presented exclusive methodology to infer Qur’ānic wisdom contemplating upon the poetry an important linguistic source considering rhetorical and stylistic remarks and literary embellishment what an aesthetic glimpse of Qur’ānic Scripture (naṣ).
Diurnal variation of Upper Air Temperatures over India
Authors: RANGARAJAN S. , SIKKA D. R.
Published: March 2022

A statistical study of the diurnal variation of upper air temperatures over India is made utilising radiosonde data of four stations for four standard hours of the day and covering four representative months. A marked difference in the pattern of diurnal variation is found between a continental station like New Delhi and the three coastal stations Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.  Significant diurnal variations are found over New Delhi only upto 1 to 3 km depending on the season, the mean daily range being about 1 to 2° C in most cases. On the other hand, diurnal variations at the coastal stations extend higher upto 4-6 km, the amplitudes being of the same order. Apparent diurnal variations found at still higher levels are probably due to inadequacy of radiation corrections.  Nocturnal cooling of the atmosphere between 600 and 400-mb levels is found to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.15{ per.
Seismic Waves from high yield Atmospheric Explosions
Authors: TANDON A. N. , CHAUDHURY H. M.
Published: March 2022

High yield test nuclear explosions in the atmosphere carried out in 1962 by the U.S.S.R. over Novaya Zemlya were well recorded by the seismographs at Delhi.  The paper presents a study of these records.  Long period Rayleigh waves were the most prominent and could be detected for most of the explosions was about 20 megatons or more.  Aprominent wave recorded on most of the days has been shown to be the Sa (Caloi) wave and has been discussed at some length.
 
M2-waves in the range of periods 8-15 seconds could be clearly detected.  The records also show the presence of longer period M2 waves, which have been analysed.  Dispersion of these M2 wave as also of Rayleigh waves has been studies and it is estimated that the thickness of the average continental crust along the path (Novaya Zemlya-Delhi) is 45 km whereas that under the mountain range across the path is 55-60km.
 
The pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound was well recorded on a number of days.  These waves show clear normal dispersion.  Results derived from the records of the vertical component seismograph compare well with earlier experimental and theoretical results.  The response of the horizontal component seismographs to these waves appears to be due to ground tilt caused by the propagation of the pressure wave.
Solar Terrestrial Relationships
Authors: TANDON J. N.
Published: March 2022

The identification of moderate geomagnetic activity with various solar regions has been discussed in the light of the long sequences of annual variation (30 to -50 solar rotations) obtained from the analysis of geomagnetic activity of the low sunspot activity periods 1920-24, 1930-34, 1940-44 (no long sequences) and 1950-54 and solar axial hypothesis. On the basis of these identifications it is shown that the geomagnetic activity can broadly be grouped in three heads-(l) Intense geomagnetic storms, (2) disturbed M -storms and (3) quiet M-storms.

 

         Various features of these geomagnetic storms are qualitatively explained from the focussing of solar-ion streams taking account of the local and general solar a It is found that the streams emerging from the solar regions of large magnetic field may get dispersed, while they may come out in the form of concentrated streams from quiet solar regions which do not possess large magnetic fields. Further qualitative explanation for the formation of coronal plumes near the Sunspots and of coronal streamers around the sunspot minima have also been given.
On predicting 300-mb contour heights and temperatures from 500-mb data
Authors: GUPTA M. G.
Published: March 2022

It has been shown in this paper that simple relationships exist, in India between 1000-500 mb and 500-300 mb thicknesses and also between 500-300 mb thickness and 300 mb temperature. The utility of these relationships in providing a quick and fairly accurate check during analysis is brought out. The possibility of using these relationships for 300 mb prognosis has also been indicated.
Analysis of soil Temperatures at Waltair
Authors: PADMANKBHAMURTY B. , SUBRAHMANYAM V. P.
Published: March 2022

An analytical study of the depth and time variations of soil temperatures at Waltair has been made, Curves showing the diurnal variation of soil temperatures at different, depths on certain representative days in different months have been presented and discussed. Several interesting features are brought out from the graphs depicting the seasonal variation of the daily temperature ranges at different depths as well as from seasonal variation of mean soil temperature in different months, Finally, emphasis is also laid on the tautoehrones of mean daily temperature for various depths of observation m different months.
Machine learning applied to the prediction of root architecture of soybean cultivars under two water availability conditions
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Duarte Anunciene Barbosa , Ferreira Dalton de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Ferreria Lucas Borges ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Silva Felipe Lopes da ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of four machine learning models, as well as multitask learning, to predict soybean root variables from simpler variables, under two water availability conditions. In order to do so, 100 soybean cultivars were conducted in a greenhouse under a control condition and a stress condition. Aerial part and root variables were evaluated. The machine learning models used to predict complex root variables were artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (EGBoost) and support vector machine (SVM). A linear model was used for comparison purposes. Multitask learning was employed for ANN and RF. In addition, feature importance was defined using RF and XGBoost algorithms. All the machine learning models performed better than the linear model. In general, SVM had the greatest potential for the prediction of most of the root variables, with better values of RMSE, MAE and R2. Dry weight of the aerial part and root volume exhibited the greatest importance in the predictions. The models developed using multitask learning performed similarly to the ones conventionally developed. Finally, it is concluded that the machine learning models evaluated can be used to predict root variables of soybean from easily measurable variables, such as dry weight of the aerial part and root volume.
Water restriction periods affect growth performance and nutritional status of Santa Inês sheep in the Brazilian Semi-arid
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Souza Larissa Lopes de , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal de ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Turco Silvia Helena Nogueira ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Moraes Salete Alves de ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Voltolini Tadeu Vinhas ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Gois Glayciane Costa ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campos Fleming Sena ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Santos Madriano Christilis da Rocha ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Santos Fernanda Maria dos ,   Universidade Federal da Bahia
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to assess the growth performance and nutritional status of sheep under intermittent water supply by means of performance, intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, water balance and nitrogen. Thirty-two intact male sheep (20.7 ± 2.63 kg, 8 months of age) were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 water supply intervals via drinking trough (0h00, 24h00, 48h00, and 72h00), with 8 replicates. The extension in the water restriction period caused a reduction in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, digestible energy, and metabolizable energy (P < 0.05). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber showed a linear decrease with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Water intake via food, total water intake, and water excretion via feces showed a linear increase in response to an increase in the water supply interval (P < 0.05). Water intake via drinking, metabolic water, total water excretion and water balance presented a linear decrease, with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake and absorbed nitrogen were influenced by water restriction, presenting a linear decreasing trend according to water supply periods (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain, and total weight gain, were influenced by the periods of water restriction, showing a linear reduction (P < 0.05). Feed conversion increased as the water restriction period increased (P=0.004). Intermittent water supply at intervals of up to 72h00 reduced nutrient intake and digestibility, resulting in a decrease in weight gain of the studied animals.
Factors affecting the individual consumption level of milk and dairy products
Authors:   Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Can Hayriye Yesim , Can Mehmet Ferit ,   Hatay Mustafa Kemal University
Published: March 2022

The quality and quantity of the demand for milk and dairy products are important indicators for the relevant sector stakeholders. This study aims to examine the amount and differences in individual milk and dairy products consumption, together with the factors affecting this consumption. The study was conducted through a survey on 221 consumers in Hatay, which is a multicultural and cosmopolitan city in Turkey. Monthly average consumptions of milk, cheese, yogurt, ayran/yogurt drink, butter, and milk equivalent products were determined to be 3.45 kg, 0.95 kg, 3.79 kg, 1.32 kg, 0.29 kg, and 30.55 kg, respectively. Consumption frequency was found to be “more than once a week” for milk and “every day” for dairy products. Statistically, men consume more ayran and butter than women (P < 0.05). There are significant differences among different income groups in terms of butter consumption, and among different education groups in terms of “milk and ayran” consumption (P < 0.05). Significant relationships in a positive direction were determined between height and education level and “ayran”; between weight and income level and “milk equivalent” (P < 0.01); between education and income level and “milk consumption” (P < 0.05). The socio-economic, demographic, and biological variables of the consumers should be carefully monitored in order to maintain and increase the demand for milk and dairy products, and marketing strategies should be created specifically to increase the breakfast habit.
Single and split nitrogen application on the forage yield, morphogenesis, chemical composition, and tissue nitrogen fractions of Cynodon nlemfuensis under mob grazing
Authors:   Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario, Matos Oscar Ivan Tuz , Paris Wagner ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Costa Olmar Antônio Denardin ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Paula Fabiana Luiza Matielo de ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Paula Adalberto Luiz de ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Cavazzana Jefferson Felipe ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Souza Saimon de Souza e ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Menezes Luis Fernando Glasenapp de ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the forage production, nutritional value (including protein fractions), and morphogenic characteristics of African star grass on nitrogen fertilizer in a single application and split applications of two and four, under mob grazing. The study was conducted on a 1.5 ha area with well-established African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The area was divided into 18 paddocks of 400 m2. for three treatments and six replications that were assigned through a randomized block design. The treatments were: Nap1 =Single N application; Nap2= split into two N applications; and Nap4: split into four N applications. Fertilizer application was 200 kg ha-1 of N in topdressing. Pasture was monitored weekly by sward height. Grazing began when the forage reached between 25 and 30 cm in height and ceased at 10 cm. In almost all months evaluated, Nap1 recorded the highest forage production, daily accumulation rate and available forage mass. Some morphogenic characteristics changed between the fertilization strategies, particularly in the months with greater water availability. The chemical composition did not fluctuate between treatments. African star grass can be fertilized with a single application of nitrogen at 200 kg ha-1 to attain greater forage mass and proportion of leaves, without any changes to the chemical composition and nitrogen fractions. These components were modified by the vegetative phase of the forage.
Optimizing Expansion Clinic for Patients With Magnetic Controlled Growth Rods
Authors: Garg Sumeet , Kim Eun , Gupta Purnendu ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: March 2022

In 2017, members of the Pediatric Spine Study Group reported that 80% of new growth-friendly implants inserted were magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs). MCGRs are usually expanded more often than every 6 months, as was general practice with traditional growth rods. The growing volume of expansion visits is managed variably at different centers. Although there is existing research comparing MCGRs with traditional systems for efficacy and complications, there is limited literature regarding how expansion clinics are managed. This article reviews current practices such as scheduling, expansion verification, billing, and other key parameters for running expansion clinics.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR ONLINE TRANSPORTATION USERS IN THE COVID-19 ERA (STUDY ON KEK ONLINE IN TEBING TINGGI)
Authors: Margareth Sagala Yomeini , Siregar Aisyah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to find out what development strategy is right for Oke Jek to create customer satisfaction during this covid-19 pandemic. Oke-jek is one of the online transportation services in the city of Tebing Tinggi which started operating in 2019. This study uses a qualitative type of research with primary data and secondary data collected from interviews, observations and documentation which includes 7 respondents and is supported by theory. development, marketing and customer satisfaction theory. The method used in this research is SWOT analysis by analyzing the internal (IFE) and external (EFE) environment. The results showed that the development strategy that was carried out by Oke Jek on the IFE and EFE matrices resulted in strengths and weaknesses with a score of 1.45, opportunities and threats with a score of 1, These 15 positions are in quadrant I, which means they indicate the Aggressive Strategy. Furthermore, from the results of the identification of the SWOT analysis, four alternative strategies are produced, namely SO Strategy, WO Strategy, ST Strategy, and WT Strategy.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA KEBAB SALAHUDDIN
Authors: Aprita Nur Maharani Raissa , Ali Alam Iskandar
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga dari kualitas produk terdapa kepuasan pembeli Kebab Salahuddin Bandar Lampung di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Populasi dari riset ini adalah konsumen Kebab Salahuddin, dengan rumus Lemeshow diketahui sampel dalam penelitian sebesar 100 orang. Metode analisa dengan memakai analisa Regresi Linier Berganda. Dari hasil penelitian didapati bahwasannya Kualitas produk dan Harga secara bersama-sama memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan konsumen pada Kebab Salahuddin Bandar Lampung, terbukti dan dapat diterima kebenarannya. Diharapkan dengan terdapatnya riset ini Kebab Salahuddin bisa menjaga menjaga kestabilan kualitas produk dan Harga yang baik bagi pelanggan sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen pada Kebab Salahuddin di Bandar Lampung.
HEALTH COST OF PESTICIDE USE ON RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SOUTH-WEST REGION OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Farjana* Fariha , Polash Jahangir , Ferdousy Sabiha
Published: March 2022

The study concentrates on assessing health hazards caused by pesticide spray in rice cultivation in the South-west region of Bangladesh. The data particularized that the probability of facing discomfort due to pesticide exposure is 79 percent. The cost-of-illness (Mitigation cost and income loss due to sickness) and avertive action are considered to estimate pesticide use costs. For health cost estimation, a household survey on rice fanners was conducted. The data were collected through an interview method by using a well-structured questionnaire. Logit, Probit, Poission regression, and Negative binomial regression models have been applied in this study. The predicted probability of falling sick from pesticide-related symptoms is significantly higher among individuals who apply pesticides with high chemical concentrations. For both the logit and probit models, it is statistically significant at a 5 percent significance level. On the other hand, an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) application, first aid knowledge, avertive action, treatment facilities, and knowledge level help reduce the probability of diseases caused by pesticide exposure. Finally, the study finds BDT 5273 per person per season as the health cost for pesticide application-oriented health hazard.
The Crescent on the Stage: Islam and Muslims in the Plays of two Elizabethan Dramatists
Authors: Hassan Arif Mubashar
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the convention of Elizabethan Orientalism vis-à-vis historical, political, and cultural context of the period. Anglo-Islamic contact during the age of discovery is at the heart of this study. Since Queen Elizabeth consolidated strong economic and diplomatic alliance with the Muslim empires of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, her subjects exhibited special interest in the Orient. Two chief dramatists of the age, Shakespeare and Marlowe, staged their plays saturated with Islamic themes and characters. This study capitalises on the negative image of the Orient in the works of these writers. It is further argued that Elizabethan (mis) representations of the Orient were fraught with ambiguities. It witnesses that the Orients were always depicted as barbaric and uncivilised, the antipode of civilised Europe. Shakespeare and Marlowe, in their portrayal of Muslim characters, deviated from real historical facts and depicted them in a very despicable manner. They also employed many pejorative appellations for these characters. For example, ethnic terms like ‘Turks’ and ‘Moors’ were used for Muslim characters. These writers synonymized black people with tyranny and lechery. I have tried to read their plays in their true historical background. While Queen Elizabeth was establishing favorable relationships with the mighty Ottomans and the kingdom of Morocco, her writers were demonizing and vilifying them. Most of the plays by Shakespeare and Marlowe translate Muslim characters on the stage as powerful and erotically alluring. It is also shown that these dramatists thrived on paradox and ambivalence.
The Effects of Muslim Religious Beliefs on the Impact of Covid-19 of the Rural Citizens
Authors: Shahid Nadeem  , Bilal Hummayoun Butt  , Hassan Imran
Published: March 2022

The impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on human being mental health issues have given indication for the alarming situation for sustaining a healthy lifestyle. The diverse significance of the disease surrounded by religious group of people, ontologically, as well show the ways to an assortment of fitting sensible actions in the face of dispersion a virus. Current study focuses on intellectualize and treasure the association between religious beliefs and the impact of COVID-19 among the rural population of Pakistan. Three hundred and forty adults of central Punjab comprising of three districts including Sargodha, Faisalabad and Khushab (N=340) from both genders were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Religious beliefs were measured using the religious belief scale and the impact of COVID-19 was measured using the impact of event scale as impact of event scale- Revised (IES-R). Results revealed that a negative association was found between religious beliefs and impact of Covid-19 outbreak. Study also explored the relationship between religious beliefs and dimension of the impact of Covid-19 including Intrusion, avoidance and Hyper-arousal. Further study found that religious beliefs predicted the impact of Covid-19 negatively. Due to strong Muslim religious beliefs, they believe that Covid-19, a disease is brought by the Almighty God, and it is the Almighty who can remove this pandemic. Study was completed in short span of two months. In future it is suggested that there is need to more work on other departments of different territories Punjab (Pk).
Analyzing and Resolving Issues in Software Project Risk Management
Authors: Taimoor Hasan
Published: March 2022

In last decade the main reason for projects failure is poormanagement of software. But now a day’s most of the organizations arefocusing on software project management for making project successful.Software project management provides overall management of softwarefrom project planning phase to project execution. In software projectmanagement we also deal with risks that may occur during developmentof projects. In this paper we analyze risks during management ofsoftware and we resolve issues that come in software project riskmanagement. We introduce some approaches by which we can resolveall the issues regarding software risk management. Risk managementalso suggests us that how we can avoid risks and if risks occur then howwe can control those risks. By analyzing software risk management, wecome to know that what factors affect risk management and how we canremove them. Software risk management manages all risks efficientlyand makes our project successful.
Energy Efficient Schemes for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Authors: Sadia Batool  , Mohtishim Siddique
Published: March 2022

Conservation of energy is the main design issue in wirelesssensor network (WSN) which is usually available at each node. Althoughdifferent solutions have been introduced for typical wireless networks,cellular networks, MANET, and other short-range wireless local areanetworks, yet they are not often much feasible for a large scale WSN.For this purpose, multiple mobile sink nodes can be deployed to increasethe life of sensor network. The purpose can be achieved by splitting thelife time into equal time interval known as rounds. Similarly, byemploying multiple sink nodes can also make the sensor network moreenergy efficient. Another way to make the sensor network energyefficient is to logically divide the deployment area into static clusters. Byadopting the strategy of static cluster, energy consumption can beminimized. The two major wireless standards used by WSN are 802.15.4and Zigbee [1],[2] .They are low-power protocols. Maximum distance isaround 100m (at 2.4 GHz). However, performance is an issue. In orderto assure the Wireless sensor network (WSN)s survivability and increasethe lifetime of network in such environments, various energy efficiencyschemes have been proposed in the literature. Energy is a valuablecommodity in wireless networks due to the limited battery of the handydevices. The energy problem becomes stiffer in ad-hoc WSN).
Face and Face Parts Detection in Image Processing
Authors: Muhammad Nadeem Ali
Published: March 2022

This paper based on a procedure for automatically detecting one ormore human faces, eyes pair, nose, mouth in colour images. This is dependingon two-method which first detects regions of face, eyes pair, nose, mouth containhuman skin in the colour image and then extracts information from these regionsand then detect the regions which include face, eyes pair, mouth, nose in thecolour image. The face, eyes pair, mouth, nose identified is completed on acolour image having only the identified image parts. An arrangement of threshholding and calculated values and some functions are used to remove itemstructures that would show the existence of an identified area.
Denoising of 3D magnetic resonance images using non-local PCA and Transform-Domain Filter
Authors: Laraib Kanwal
Published: March 2022

The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technologyused in clinical diagnosis demands high Peak Signal-to-Noise ratio(PSNR) and improved resolution for accurate analysis and treatmentmonitoring. However, MRI data is often corrupted by random noisewhich degrades the quality of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.Denoising is a paramount challenge as removing noise causesreduction in the fine details of MRI images. We have developed anovel algorithm which employs Principal Component Analysis(PCA) decomposition and Wiener filtering. We have proposed a twostage approach. In first stage, non-local PCA thresholding is appliedon noisy image and second stage uses Wiener filter over this filteredimage. Our algorithm is implemented using MATLAB andperformance is measured via PSNR. The proposed approach hasalso been compared with related state-of-art methods. Moreover, wepresent both qualitative and quantitative results which prove thatproposed algorithm gives superior denoising performance.
Algorithm for Using Codes In Place Of Facial Images during Image Processing In Large Databases and Data Warehouses to Reduce Storage, Enhance Efficiency and Processing Speed
Authors: Prof Dr Aftab Malik  , Mujtaba Asad
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this work is to assign codes to the facial image stored in large databases / Data warehouses, the images require large amount of storage as compared to a numeric code. Moreover, when images are compared to images, the process is more time consuming as compared to the numeric codes. It is proposed to keep up all images in a separate database file along with their codes. The codes of facial images may be stored in master Database/ Data warehouse for all records. The search queries can be processed using the numeric codes. In this manner the Time Complexity and Space Complexity are reduced considerably. Whenever, any image is received for searching its record, first its code is obtained by proposed algorithm and then this code is used to search the record from database/Data Warehouse making entire procedure faster and efficient.
Modeling Emotional Mutation and Evolvement Using Genetic Algorithm in Agency
Authors: Qura-tul-ain Khan  , Tahir Alyas
Published: March 2022

Human mind has the ability to generate emotions based on internal and external environment. These emotions are based on past experiences and the current situation. Mutation of emotions in human is the change in the intensity of emotion and the more intense the emotion is, it has more chances of existence. In mutative state two emotions are crossover and from the new emotions only the fittest and strongest emotion survive. Emotional mutation and evolvement helps human mind in decision making and in generating response. In agency the phenomenon of emotional modeling can be accomplished by Mutation and Evolvement for generating output. Genetic algorithm is computational model that is inspired by evolution of biological population and by using mutation and crossover of Genetic Algorithm the agency is able to generate output.This paper presents the algorithmic approach for emotional Mutation and Evolvement using Genetic Algorithm for generating output in agency.
Solution of Software Requirement Issues in Software Organizations
Authors: Taimoor Hassan
Published: March 2022

A framework is shown in this paper to discuss the issue and solution of software requirements in a software organization. This problem is solved by using a specific framework that based on different steps. Solve the issues of software requirement with the help of this step process and finally, we have a result that is purified from issues. The process is defined as set the purpose and goals, gathering the requirements, engineering the requirement, modeling the requirement, validate or verify the overall  requirement in requirement phase, requirement documentation, and management of requirement. The given methodology uses a technique that is specially constructed for the solution of software requirement issues in a software organization. The given approach is based on extracting the information from software requirements and solves their different issues. This approach will very helpful in the organizations that face many problems in software quirements.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Salman Zafar  , Dr. Nabeel Tahir
Published: March 2022

As the world is moving towards autonomous technology and every aspect of human lives is influenced by technology so does the academics andacademic institutions, learning management systems work in academic institutes across the globe, this paper gives a comparison between differentlearning management systems and their comparative analysis, it will help any individual who wants to compare and choose the best learning managementsystem with respect to the requirements of their institute.
Compression Techniques for Different Applications of Real-Time Communication.
Authors: Syeda Marrium  , Khalid Masood  , Dr. Haroon Ur-Rashid Rashid
Published: March 2022

Real-time communication, is important and its usage is explained with through compression techniques. The application with compression techniques are applied discussed in this article. There is special focus on audio, video and image compression. Matlab is used as a simulation tool image compression is performed. The results are sometimes lossy and sometimes lossless, both types for compression is applied of image. The difference can be seen clearly in results.
Effectiveness of Modern Educational Games on Society
Authors: Muhammad Zulkifl Hasan  , M Zunnurain Hussain  , Zaka Ullah
Published: March 2022

The study is about how modern education games are effecting the society. The authors have discussed different point of views published and working in the same domain after critically evaluating previous work in the same domain. The authors have covered how games are changing the way of learning new education trends.
Performance Comparison of Real-Time Video Conferencing In MPLS and IP Networking Environment
Authors: Awais Salman Qazi  , Waqas Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Modern techniques in networking have evolved a diverse range of opportunities to resolve the challenging task of traffic engineering. With a principle focus on video conferencing that has gained popularity worldwide, we contrive to optimize video traffic by using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) rather than conventional Internet Protocol (IP) networks. MPLS can be a promising technology for real-time applications with low network delays and efficient utilization of network resources. To substantiate this, in this paper we model certain scenarios of both IP and MPLS networks using Optimized Networking Engineering Tool (OPNET) to simulate and provide comparative performance statistics of throughput and end-to-end packet delay. We illustrate that MPLS has the ability that makes it stand out to IP by analyzing the simulation results of both networking mechanisms.
A Review on Skin Cancer Data Using Image Processing
Authors: Arslan tariq  , Rafaqat Alam
Published: March 2022

The wireless industry is going very fast nowadays. We can easily see the evolution from 2G to 3G and now advance to the 4G and 5G network. Before wireless networks, wired networks were commonly used in every field. But there were some disadvantages regarding mobility, quality of service and connectivity. Wired network bounded the region of the working area for the internet and it requires multiple wires to connect computer from one device to another. While on the other hand wireless network is an open source for everyone to use the internet. There is no limitation of the region and no issue regarding connectivity because data is transfer through signal which includes frequency in the form of waves. But there are also some disadvantages of wireless network regarding cost, speed, coverage, bandwidth etc. If we talk about the better network so it depends on the situation and problem.
(SAKM) Software Architecture Knowledge Management and its recent Practices, Models, Tools and Challenges
Authors: Aisha Tahseen  , Noor Afshan
Published: March 2022

Management of knowledge for software architecture means to capture convenient experience and then translating it in generalized architectural knowledge. For refining the organizational architectural competences, architectural knowledge management is very much important. Architectural knowledge is valuable in the Software Architecture design process. This knowledge will help the stakeholders for communication in different phases of software development life cycle(SDLC). Properly managing the architectural knowledge is very much important as it is progressively more regarded the same as an organizational positive feature and that is why so many researchers around the world are proposing tools, methods, models and different frameworks for the effective knowledgemanagement [1]. This article contributes in exploring current work in field of software architectural knowledge management (AKM) from 2010 to 2017. This article highlights recent architectural AKM challenges and issues which are still not settled and here we also discuss different AKM tools, practicesand models.
Improved Software Requirement process for Software Industries
Authors: Taimoor Hassan  , Muhammad Zulkifl Hasan  , Zaka Ullah
Published: March 2022

In the software system development, requirement engineering plays a great role because system successfulness depends on it. If the requirements are clear and unambiguous in every aspect then the system will be developed error free. A number of clients that are not educated and illiterate, then in this scenario, the given requirements are not clear and full of ambiguous. In this paper, we proposed a method to resolve this problem in the shape of break the requirements, filter it (separate the necessary and un-necessary requirements), break into little bits, numbering them and prioritize them, after it is documented, the requirement that is very helpful for current and future changing in software system and finally shift to the development team for develop the project. We will apply this proposed method on case study as experimental to find out the definite and relevant results.
HEURISTIC AND PERFORMANCE OF SS304 AND EN8 IN COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL TURNING MACHINE
Authors:   SSIAR Bangalore, PR Arjun
Published: March 2022

In any machining process, apart from obtaining the accurate dimensions, achieving a good surface quality is also of utmost importance. A machining process involves many process parameters which directly or indirectly influence the surface quality of the product. Surface roughness and waviness in turning process are caused due to various parameters of which feed, speed, depth of cut are important ones. A precise knowledge of these optimum parameters would facilitate reduce the machining costs and improve product quality. Extensive study has been conducted in the past to optimize the process parameters in any machining process to have the best product. This study investigates the effects of various parameters such as depth of cut, speed and feed on the material removal rate and surface roughness of the SS304 and EN8 in a CNC turning machine. This study presents a multi-objective optimization technique, based on genetic algorithms, to optimize the cutting parameters in turning processes: cutting depth, feed and speed. Optimization of cutting parameters is one of the most important elements in any process planning of metal parts. In this project the three objective functions, cutting depth, feed and speed are simultaneously optimized to get optimum surface finish at minimum production cost and machining time. Index Terms— CNC Turning, Stainless steel, EN8, Optimization, genetic algorithm
What works to reduce extreme poverty? A selective review
Authors:   Cornell University, Hoddinott John , Doruska Molly ,   Cornell University
Published: March 2022

A selective review of what works to reduce extreme poverty in five countries, undertaken as part of DEEP's inception phase.
TRANSFORMING PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF PTC AND ELICITOR TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Jain Deepak
Published: March 2022

Plant tissue culture is an in-vitro culture technique for the production of plant cells. It is a very good, attractive and cost effective technique for the production of secondary metabolites. Plants produce counter response against the environmental threats like bacteria, virus, fungi, insects etc. and some physically harsh environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, exposure to ultra violet radiation. Plants produce responses against the signals obtained through sensors, receptors and defense responses which are stabilized against these stresses. These trigger responses elucidate the production of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins and tannins) which are useful for the survival, persistence and competitiveness of the plant. These secondary metabolites are useful in various areas such as food additive, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and therapeutic industries. The present review discusses about the types of biotic (physical, chemical and hormonal elicitors) and abiotic elicitors (lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, protein, complex composition and oregano extract). These elicitors are used for enhancing the yield of secondary metabolites in the medicinal plants which are useful in various area of research and are also useful in different industries.
A MINI REVIEW ON CAROTENOIDS FROM THERMOPHILES- STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES
Authors: Lilwani Simran R. , R. Parvathi J. , Vernekar Madhavi R.
Published: March 2022

Microbial carotenoids offer several advantages such as ready accessibility and reproducibility than plants, with no seasonal-dependence to limit their availability. The carotenoid producing microbes are found in varied sources, of which, those isolated from extremophilic conditions show intense coloration and their resistance to extreme conditions makes them valuable during industrial production. The present review focuses on the core structural features and the possible modifications in carotenoids from thermophiles that renders functionality and survival advantage thus making them best candidate for future applications.