bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW HISTORIES OF EMOTION
Authors: Lang Johannes
Published: March 2018

At the beginning of the twenty‐first century, there was a growing sense that historians had neglected the emotions and failed to think seriously about them. Since then, there has been explosive interest in the history of emotions. What precipitated this development? What has this focus on emotion added to our historical understanding, and what does a historical perspective contribute to research on emotion? Two recent books help us think about these questions. In The History of Emotions, Jan Plamper offers the first book‐length introduction to this field available in English; in Emotional Lexicons, Ute Frevert and a group of fellow historians trace continuities and change in the vocabulary of feeling from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the end of the millennium. At stake, in both books, is the idea that emotions are historically contingent—that history has the ability to shape and transform even the most basic features of human experience. This review essay engages with the central arguments of these books, and offers a somewhat different interpretation of the history of emotions. What is called for, the essay suggests, is not first and foremost a separate history of emotions nor the adding of emotion to existing histories, but new histories that systematically incorporate emotions into their analyses. Historians should seek to demonstrate how emotions are an integral part of history and historiography in a more general sense. Systematic attention to emotions not only adds nuance to a historical narrative, the essay concludes, but also fundamentally affects our ideas about how history actually happens.
Increased circulating microparticles in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhao C. , Wei Y. , Yang S. , Cui C. , Yang J. , Zhang J. , Qiao R.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which generate microparticles (MPs). Therefore, MPs may be important for PE.

Methods

We established a verified MP measurement procedure to detect MPs in nonpregnant women (n = 25), healthy pregnant women (n = 29) and PE women (n = 73) and compared their MP levels.

Results

Microparticles prepared from platelets (PMPs), endothelial cells (EMPs) and leucocytes (LMPs) were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and were analysed by our established flow cytofluorimetric approach, which showed good specificity for determining the cell origin and level of MPs. The levels of total MPs (tMPs) and PMPs in the healthy pregnant group were significantly higher than those in the nonpregnant group (158.78 vs 93.00 and 45.04 vs 17.41, P = .004 and P = .007, respectively) but were not significantly different from those of the PE group. However, EMPs and LMPs were significantly higher in the PE group than in the healthy pregnant group (14.62 vs 11.48 and 8.94 vs 5.03, P = .015 and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for EMPs, LMPs and the combined sum of EMPs and LMPs were 0.661, 0.746 and 0.718, respectively (P < . 05); at their optimal cut‐off values, the sensitivities were 50.68%, 87.67% and 46.58%, respectively, and the specificities were 80.77%, 58.33% and 95.65%, respectively.

Conclusion

Determining the MP level, especially that of EMPs and LMPs, by a specificity‐verified method may reflect the endothelial dysfunction and inflammation involved in PE pathogenesis.
¿Pacto de clase positivo en la producción globalizada? El Protocolo de Libertad Sindical de la industria indonesia de prendas deportivas
Authors: SIEGMANN Karin Astrid , MERK Jeroen , KNORRINGA Peter
Published: March 2018

Los autores investigan las posibilidades de «mejora social impulsada por los trabajadores» a través de iniciativas de RSE en cadenas mundiales de valor (CMV). Aplican la teoría de Wright sobre el pacto de clase positivo al análisis del Protocolo de Libertad Sindical concluido en el sector de prendas deportivas de Indonesia, ampliándola para adaptarla a la complejidad de las CMV. A partir de entrevistas, fuentes académicas y periodísticas y observación participante, concluyen que, para que dichas iniciativas impulsen el trabajo decente, se requiere la participación de organizaciones de trabajadores fuertes y, como catalizador, una necesidad de cooperar con ellas por parte de los compradores o los productores.
A Delphi study to identify the core components of nurse to nurse handoff
Authors: O'Rourke Jennifer , Abraham Joanna , Riesenberg Lee Ann , Matson Jeff , Lopez Karen Dunn
Published: March 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify the core components of nurse–nurse handoffs.

Background

Patient handoffs involve a process of passing information, responsibility and control from one caregiver to the next during care transitions. Around the globe, ineffective handoffs have serious consequences resulting in wrong treatments, delays in diagnosis, longer stays, medication errors, patient falls and patient deaths. To date, the core components of nurse–nurse handoff have not been identified. This lack of identification is a significant gap in moving towards a standardized approach for nurse–nurse handoff.

Design

Mixed methods design using the Delphi technique.

Methods

From May 2016 ‐ October 2016, using a series of iterative steps, a panel of handoff experts gave feedback on the nurse–nurse handoff core components and the content in each component to be passed from one nurse to the next during a typical unit‐based shift handoff. Consensus was defined as 80% agreement or higher.

Results/findings

After three rounds of participant review, 17 handoff experts with backgrounds in clinical nursing practice, academia and handoff research came to consensus on the core components of handoff: patient summary, action plan and nurse–nurse synthesis.

Conclusion

This is the first study to identify the core components of nurse–nurse handoff. Subsequent testing of the core components will involve evaluating the handoff approach in a simulated and then actual patient care environment. Our long‐term goal is to improve patient safety outcomes by validating an evidence‐based handoff framework and handoff curriculum for pre‐licensure nursing programmes that strengthen the quality of their handoff communication as they enter clinical practice.
Daily sodium intake influences the relationship between angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and hypertension in older adults
Authors: Freire Ivna V. , Casotti Cezar A. , Ribeiro Ícaro J. S. , Silva Jonas R. D. , Barbosa Ana A. L. , Pereira Rafael
Published: March 2018

The angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has been widely reported as being associated with hypertension; however, most studies do not consider environmental/behavioral factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism, environmental/behavioral factors, and hypertension in community‐dwelling elderly individuals. All community‐dwelling older adults from Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil, were invited to take part in this study. After exclusions, 234 elderly participants were submitted to a data collection, which included sociodemographics, lifestyle and health status questionnaires, clinical assessment, and blood withdrawal. From the blood samples, the gene polymorphism was identified through polymerase chain reaction and patients grouped as II or D allele carriers (ID and DD genotypes). Hypertension was defined by self‐report of the condition and confirmed by antihypertensive drug treatment. Chi‐square test was used to identify differences in the proportions distributed between groups of each dependent variable (ie, genotype, diagnosis of hypertension, and blood pressure state from medicated patients with hypertension). The prevalence of hypertension was 59.3% and was associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity, but not with angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism. However, carriers of the II genotype, a salt‐sensitivity genotype, exhibited a significantly greater estimated sodium intake. In addition, among medicated elderly patients with hypertension, II genotype carriers exhibited poor blood pressure control, despite similar antihypertensive drug treatment in D allele carriers, while exhibiting a greater estimated sodium intake. Our results provide new evidence regarding the interaction of genetic and environmental/behavioral factors in the genesis of hypertension among elderly patients, as well as in blood pressure control in medicated elderly patients with hypertension.
Unique mechanisms of connective tissue growth factor regulation in airway smooth muscle in asthma: Relationship with airway remodelling
Authors: Wang Junfei , Faiz Alen , Ge Qi , Vermeulen Cornelis J. , Van der Velden Joanne , Snibson Kenneth J. , van de Velde Rob , Sawant Sonia , Xenaki Dikaia , Oliver Brian , Timens Wim , ten Hacken Nick , van den Berge Maarten , James Alan , Elliot John G. , Dong Liang , Burgess Janette K. , Ashton Anthony W.
Published: March 2018

Neovascularization, increased basal membrane thickness and increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) bulk are hallmarks of airway remodelling in asthma. In this study, we examined connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) dysregulation in human lung tissue and animal models of allergic airway disease. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ASM cells from patients with severe asthma (A) exhibited high expression of CTGF, compared to mild and non‐asthmatic (NA) tissues. This finding was replicated in a sheep model of allergic airways disease. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β increased CTGF expression both in NA‐ and A‐ASM cells but the expression was higher in A‐ASM at both the mRNA and protein level as assessed by PCR and Western blot. Transfection of CTGF promoter‐luciferase reporter constructs into NA‐ and A‐ASM cells indicated that no region of the CTGF promoter (−1500 to +200 bp) displayed enhanced activity in the presence of TGF‐β. However, in silico analysis of the CTGF promoter suggested that distant transcription factor binding sites may influence CTGF promoter activation by TGF‐β in ASM cells. The discord between promoter activity and mRNA expression was also explained, in part, by differential post‐transcriptional regulation in A‐ASM cells due to enhanced mRNA stability for CTGF. In patients, higher CTGF gene expression in bronchial biopsies was correlated with increased basement membrane thickness indicating that the enhanced CTGF expression in A‐ASM may contribute to airway remodelling in asthma.
Cytokinesis arrest and multiple centrosomes in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Rogne Marie , Svaerd Oksana , Madsen‐Østerbye Julia , Hashim Adnan , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Staerk Judith
Published: March 2018

Cytokinesis failure leads to the emergence of tetraploid cells and multiple centrosomes. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common haematological malignancy in adults and is characterized by clonal B cell expansion. Here, we show that a significant number of peripheral blood CLL cells are arrested in cytokinesis and that this event occurred after nuclear envelope reformation and before cytoplasmic abscission. mRNA expression data showed that several genes known to be crucial for cell cycle regulation, checkpoint and centromere function, such as ING4, ING5, CDKN1A and CDK4, were significantly dysregulated in CLL samples. Our results demonstrate that CLL cells exhibit difficulties in completing mitosis, which is different from but may, at least in part, explain the previously reported accumulation of CLL cells in G0/1.
INPP4B restrains cell proliferation and metastasis via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/SGK pathway
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Zeyu , Qi Mei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Weifang , Chen Chunyan , Liu Juan , Zhao Weiming
Published: March 2018

Cervical cancer continues to be among the most frequent gynaecologic cancers worldwide. The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is constitutively activated in cervical cancer. Inositol polyphosphate 4‐phosphatase type II (INPP4B) is a phosphoinositide phosphatase and considered a negative regulatory factor of the PI3K/AKT pathway. INPP4B has diverse roles in various tumours, but its role in cervical cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of INPP4B in cervical cancer. Overexpression of INPP4B in HeLa, SiHa and C33a cells inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis and invasiveness in CCK‐8, colony formation, anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar and Transwell assay. INPP4B reduced the expression of some essential proteins in the PI3K/AKT/SGK3 pathway including p‐AKT, p‐SGK3, p‐mTOR, phospho‐p70S6K and PDK1. In addition, overexpression of INPP4B decreased xenograft tumour growth in nude mice. Loss of INPP4B protein expression was found in more than 60% of human cervical carcinoma samples. In conclusion, INPP4B impedes the proliferation and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of two downstream molecules of the PI3K pathway, AKT and SGK3. INPP4B acts as a tumour suppressor in cervical cancer cells.
Discursive Methodologies for Couple and Family Therapy Research: Editorial to Special Section
Authors: Tseliou Eleftheria , Borcsa Maria
Published: March 2018

In this article, we aim to introduce the special JMFT section on discursive research methodologies for couple and family therapy research. These are qualitative research methodologies which resonate with the systemic emphasis on the semantics and the pragmatics of therapy discourse. First, we provide a brief overview of such methodologies and their use in the family therapy field. We then introduce the context and the content of the special section, where four approaches, including conversation analysis, discursive psychology type of discourse analysis, poststructurally informed discourse analysis (subject positioning analysis), and semantic analysis, are introduced by means of analyzed extracts from a Tom Andersen consultation session with a couple in distress and their therapist. We conclude with implications for the field. For Tom and Michael
Prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in lymphovascular space invasion positive women with stage IIIC endometriod endometrial cancer
Authors: Cuylan Zeliha F. , Oz Murat , Ozkan Nazli T. , Comert Gunsu K. , Sahin Hanifi , Turan Taner , Akbayir Ozgur , Kuscu Esra , Celik Husnu , Dede Murat , Gungor Tayfun , Meydanli Mehmet M. , Ayhan Ali
Published: March 2018

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic factors and patterns of failure in lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI)‐positive women with stage IIIC endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective, department database review was performed to identify LVSI‐positive patients with stage IIIC endometrioid EC at five gynecological oncology centers in Turkey. Demographic, clinicopathological and survival data were collected.

Results

We identified 172 LVSI‐positive women with stage IIIC endometrioid EC during the study period; 75 (43.6%) were classified as Stage IIIC1 and 97 (56.4%) as Stage IIIC2. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years, and the median duration of follow up was 34.5 months. The total number of recurrences was 46 (26.7%). We observed 14 (8.1%) locoregional recurrences, 12 (7.0%) retroperitoneal failures and 20 (11.6%) distant relapses. For the entire study cohort, 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 67.4%, while the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 75.1%. Grade 3 histology (hazard ratio [HR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–5.12; P = 0.005), cervical stromal invasion (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.09–4.99; P = 0.028) and myometrial invasion (MMI) ≥50% (HR 4.0, 95% CI 1.16–13.69; P = 0.028) were found to be independent prognostic factors for decreased OS.

Conclusion

Uterine factors such as grade 3 disease, cervical stromal invasion and deep MMI seem to be independently associated with decreased OS in LVSI‐positive women with stage IIIC endometrioid EC. The high distant recurrence rate in this subgroup of patients warrants further studies in order to identify the most effective treatment strategy for those patients.
Labor induction versus expectant management at early term in pregnancies with second trimester elevated human chorionic gonadotropin or alpha fetoprotein
Authors: Yefet Enav , Kuzmin Olga , Schwartz Naama , Basson Flora , Nachum Zohar
Published: March 2018

Aim

Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) have been linked to placental dysfunction and associated morbidities. We aimed to compare the induction of labor with expectant management at term in those pregnancies for the prevention of neonatal and maternal morbidities.

Methods

Women with second trimester HCG ≥ 2 and/or AFP ≥ 2 multiples of the median, without additional maternal or fetal complications, from their 38th gestational week were offered the choice of labor induction or expectant management. The primary outcomes were maternal composite outcome (composed of cesarean deliveries, pre‐eclampsia or placental abruption) and neonatal composite outcome (composed of antenatal or neonatal death, Apgar score at 5 min < 7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, need for phototherapy, respiratory abnormalities, birth trauma or neonatal infection).

Results

Of 305 women, 124 women chose to undergo labor induction, and 181 women chose expectant management. The composite maternal outcome in the expectant management group was twice the rate of the labor induction group, although it did not reach statistical significance (18 [10%] vs 6 [5%]; P = 0.1; relative risk [expectant/induced] 2.04; 95% confidence interval 0.8–5.0).

Increased rate of phototherapy led to increased neonatal composite outcomes in the labor induction group compared with the expectant management group (34 [27%] vs 27 [15%], respectively = 0.007).

Conclusion

In pregnancies with elevated AFP and/or HCG, early term labor induction initiated a trend towards improvement in maternal outcome but increased the rate of mild neonatal morbidity. The statistical insignificance of the large effect on the maternal outcome might reflect the lack of statistical power. Further research is needed to address this limitation.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the ovary
Authors: Meena Monika , Jindal Tarun , Duggal Rajan , Gupta Atul
Published: March 2018

Solitary fibrous tumors commonly occur in the pleura and are rare elsewhere, especially in the female genital system. We present a case of a solitary fibrous tumor arising from the ovary in a young female in the reproductive age group. The tumor could be excised laparoscopically. We also describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical features that can help establish its diagnosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging of degeneration of uterine adenomyosis during pregnancy and post‐partum period
Authors: Hirashima Hiroto , Ohkuchi Akihide , Usui Rie , Kijima Shigeyoshi , Matsubara Shigeki
Published: March 2018

Degeneration of adenomyosis during pregnancy and the post‐partum period is very rare. A 42‐year‐old Japanese parous woman with four normal‐term deliveries, who presented with abdominal pain and fever at 22 weeks of gestation with transient increases of the white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein, demonstrated sustained inflammation after cesarean section at 29 weeks of gestation due to the occurrence of gestational hypertension with late deceleration. The noncontrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 22 weeks demonstrated a poorly demarcated hypointense area at the posterior uterine wall on T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging. The 2nd MRI 2 weeks after the cesarean section showed hypointensity on a T1‐weighted image and hyperintensity on a T2‐weighted image, allowing confirmation of the diagnosis of degeneration of adenomyosis. Repeated MRIs were clinically useful to diagnose the degeneration of adenomyosis.
Utility of fetal anteroposterior to transverse cerebellar diameter ratio to exclude cerebellar hypoplasia in trisomy 18
Authors: Takano Mayumi , Nakata Masahiko , Oji Ayako , Nagasaki Sumito , Umemura Nahomi , Maemura Toshimitsu , Morita Mineto
Published: March 2018

Aim

This study was aimed to determine reference ranges for fetal cerebellar hemisphere biometry, including the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD), anteroposterior cerebellar diameter (APCD) and APCD/TCD ratio in normal fetuses. In addition, we investigated which parameter would be useful for cerebellar hypoplasia in trisomy 18.

Methods

This retrospective study included 340 normal singleton pregnancies and 15 cases of trisomy 18, in all of which fetal cerebellar biometry was performed between 14 and 40 weeks of gestational age (GA). The TCD, APCD and APCD/TCD ratio were assessed ultrasonographically.

Results

In normal fetuses, the TCD (rs = 0.876, P < 0.001) and APCD (rs = 0.791, P < 0.001) were strongly correlated with GA. However, the APCD/TCD ratio was not correlated with GA (rs = 0.058, P = 0.289), with median values of 0.52. Low TCD, APCD and APCD/TCD ratio values were detected in 53%, 100% and 100% of trisomy 18 cases, respectively. The median APCD/TCD ratio for trisomy 18 was 0.39 (range, 0.30–0.43), which was significantly lower than that of normal fetuses (P < 0.001). A cut‐off APCD/TCD ratio of 0.44 served as a good predictor for trisomy 18 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 95.3% and negative predictive value 100%).

Conclusion

This study shows that TCD and APCD are correlated with GA, while the APCD/TCD ratio is a fixed value throughout gestation. Using the APCD/TCD ratio to assess cerebellar hypoplasia in trisomy 18 is useful because it does not require the individual evaluation of the TCD and APCD.
Economic valuation of a rise in ambient radiation risks: Hedonic pricing evidence from the accident in Fukushima
Authors: Munro Alistair
Published: March 2018

Using a combined data set of radiation levels and property prices from Fukushima and Miyagi prefectures that runs from 2009 to early 2017, the economic impact of radiation from the Fukushima nuclear accident is assessed. A 1 percent rise in radiation is associated with approximately 0.051 percentage drop in housing prices and though the level of radiation falls substantially after 2011, the estimated elasticity is broadly stable. The associated estimate of VSL (value of a statistical life) is in the region of US$4.5–6.4 million, which suggests no strong element of dread or overestimation of risks is present.
Population pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a single intramuscular injection in wild turtles
Authors: Cerreta A. J. , Lewbart G. A. , Dise D. R. , Papich M. G.
Published: March 2018

Ceftazidime, a third‐generation cephalosporin, is important for treating opportunistic bacterial infections in turtles. Antibacterial dosage regimens are not well established for wild turtles and are often extrapolated from other reptiles or mammals. This investigation used a population pharmacokinetic approach to study ceftazidime in wild turtles presented for rehabilitation. Ceftazidime was administered to 24 wild turtles presented to the Turtle Rescue Team at North Carolina State University. A sparse blood sampling protocol was used to collect samples from 0 to 120 hr with three samples per individual after injection. Plasma samples were analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A nonlinear mixed‐effects model (NLME) was fitted to the data to determine typical values for population parameters. We identified a long half‐life (T½) of approximately 35 hr and volume of distribution (VSS) of 0.26 L/kg. We concluded that this long T½ will allow for a dose of 20 mg/kg injected IM to maintain concentrations above the MIC of most wild‐type bacteria for 5 days. Because of long intervals between injections, stability of stored formulations was measured and showed that 90% strength was maintained for 120 hr when stored in the refrigerator and for 25 days when stored in the freezer.
Applying a hydrogeomorphic channel classification to understand spatial patterns in riparian vegetation
Authors: Shaw Jeremy R. , Cooper David J. , Sutfin Nicholas A.
Published: March 2018

Questions

Hydrogeomorphic channel classifications are widely employed to understand natural phenomena in Earth sciences, but are rarely used in riparian vegetation studies. However, when these types of classifications correspond to physical process domains (discrete landscape units with consistent abiotic attributes), they may be useful in distinguishing habitat and vegetation types. We assessed the ecological significance of a hydrogeomorphic stream channel classification by addressing the following questions: (1) does perennial plant community composition differ among hydrogeomorphic channel types; (2) which species and functional groups contribute to compositional variation among channel types in the Sonoran Desert; and (3) what are the stream reach‐scale geomorphic drivers of compositional variation?

Location

Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA.

Methods

We compared perennial riparian plant community composition among five a priori hydrogeomorphic channel types at 86 stream reaches in arid ephemeral watersheds. Floristic differences among channel types were assessed using PERMANOVA. GLM were used to identify species and functional groups whose abundance differed among channel types. Abiotic drivers of compositional differences were identified through correlations among biotic and abiotic matrices.

Results

Community composition differed significantly among channel types, with distinctive vegetation in bedrock, piedmont headwater and braided channels. While different from other channel types, vegetation in bedrock with alluvium and incised alluvium channels was broadly similar, but could be distinguished by the abundance of common species and functional groups. The density of drought‐deciduous subshrubs, as well as large woody plants with evergreen, drought‐deciduous and photosynthetic stem phenology contributed to the observed compositional variance. Bed slope was the primary driver of compositional differences among channel types, with elevation providing additional explanatory power.

Conclusions

Hydrogeomorphic channel classifications corresponding to distinctive fluvial process domains are useful for understanding spatial variability in riparian habitats and resulting differences in plant community composition in the Sonoran Desert. Analogous spatial patterns of riparian plant communities previously reported from other arid regions suggest that these general channel types are broadly applicable.
The apparent non‐host resistance of Ethiopian mustard to a radish‐infecting strain of Turnip mosaic virus is largely determined by the C‐terminal region of the P3 viral protein
Authors: Sardaru Papaiah , Sinausía Laura , López‐González Silvia , Zindovic Jelena , Sánchez Flora , Ponz Fernando
Published: March 2018

Two different isolates of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV: UK 1 and JPN 1) belonging to different virus strains were tested on three different Brassica species, namely turnip (Brassica rapa L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun). Although all three hosts were readily infected by isolate UK 1, isolate JPN 1 was able to establish a visible systemic infection only in the first two. Ethiopian mustard plants showed no local or systemic symptoms, and no virus antigens could be detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thus, this species looks like a non‐host for JPN 1, an apparent situation of non‐host resistance (NHR). Through an experimental approach involving chimeric viruses made by gene interchange between two infectious clones of both virus isolates, the genomic region encoding the C‐terminal domain of viral protein P3 was found to bear the resistance determinant, excluding any involvement of the viral fusion proteins P3N‐PIPO and P3N‐ALT in the resistance. A further determinant refinement identified two adjacent positions (1099 and 1100 of the viral polyprotein) as the main determinants of resistance. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged viruses showed that the resistance of Ethiopian mustard to isolate JPN 1 is only apparent, as virus‐induced fluorescence could be found in discrete areas of both inoculated and non‐inoculated leaves. In comparison with other plant–virus combinations of extreme resistance, we propose that Ethiopian mustard shows an apparent NHR to TuMV JPN 1, but not complete immunity or extreme resistance.
Formulation, stability study and preclinical evaluation of a vaginal cream containing curcumin in a rat model of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Fernandes Lígia de Souza , Amorim Yuri Martins , da Silva Elton Libério , Silva Samuel Calixto , Santos Alécia Junia Aparecida , Peixoto Franciele Natália , Neves Pires Luara Moniele , Sakamoto Raquel Yumi , Horta Pinto Flávia do Carmo , Scarpa Maria Virgínia Costa , Araújo Marcelo Gonzaga de Freitas
Published: March 2018

Owing to the growing resistance among isolates of Candida species to usual antifungal agents and the well‐known therapeutic potential of curcumin, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a vaginal formulation containing this substance and to evaluating its effectiveness in the treatment of experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curcumin was incorporated in a vaginal cream in three concentrations (0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0%). The different concentrations of the cream and its controls were intravaginally administered in an immunosuppressed rat model to evaluate the efficacy in the treatment of experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis. Samples of the cream were also subjected to centrifugation and physical stability tests and an analytical method for quantification of curcumin was validated based on HPLC. The formulation was stable and the HPLC method could be considered suitable for the quantitative determination of curcumin in the cream. After 6 days of preclinical study, the number of infected animals was 1/6 in all groups treated with curcumin vaginal cream and the fungal burden showed a progressive reduction. Reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the group treated with 1.0% cream. Vaginal cream containing curcumin could be considered a promising effective antifungal medicine in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Morton Deutsch: Celebrating His Theorizing and Research
Authors: Johnson David W. , Johnson Roger T. , Tjosvold Dean , Roseth Cary J.
Published: March 2018

This tribute to Morton Deutsch celebrates his unique contributions to social psychological theory, research, cross‐cultural applications to business and organizational settings, and cross‐species applications. Mort's theorizing progressed from cooperation and competition to trust to conflict resolution to distributive justice, and finally to oppression. As a researcher, Mort was remarkably creative and innovative. His ability to think of ways to study experimentally complex social phenomena created a revolution in social psychology research. Mort's theories and research is being used to understand the nature of effective leadership and organization functioning in business and industry in Asia and other parts of the world. The strong cross‐cultural validation of Mort's theorizing and research is unusual in the social sciences. Finally, Mort's cooperation and competition theory operationalizes the dynamics between cooperative and competitive processes in a variety of species and accounts for the mechanisms (e.g., goal structures) that underlie different evolutionary processes.
Pressure exposure and catheter impingement affect the recorded pressure in the Manoscan 360™ system
Authors: Babaei A. , Szabo A. , Yorio S. D. , Massey B. T.
Published: March 2018

Background

The accuracy of pressure measurements by Manoscan high‐resolution manometry (HRM) system is affected by pressure drift (PD). The PD is partly related to temperature and study duration, but other factors that contribute to errant pressure recording have not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify contributing factors to pressure recording error.

Methods

In total, 660 in vitro experiments were conducted on seven HRM catheters to determine the effects of sustained pressure exposure, catheter impingement, temperature, duration of study, and immersion in saline or acid on recorded pressure and PD.

Key Results

At room temperature and without application of pressure, the PD was negligible. Application of sustained pressure significantly increased PD and catheter impingement of even 15° produced remarkable increases in the recorded pressure as well as post‐recording PD. There was significant variability across sensors in their propensity to develop PD with temperature. Body (37°C) and freezing (0°C) temperatures resulted in significantly higher absolute value of PD in the opposite algebraic direction, respectively (for individual sensors). Although the overall trend was for higher PD with increasing temperature, some of the pressure sensors demonstrated inherently negative PD at body temperature.

Conclusions and Inferences

In addition to the known effects of temperature, both sustained pressure exposure and catheter impingement significantly affect the recorded pressure and the magnitude of the PD observed at the end of the recording. These effects can be substantial enough to result in erroneous manometric diagnoses.
HLA‐DRB1*09:01 allele is associated with anti‐E immunization in a Chinese population
Authors: Tian Li , Hou Li , Wang Lixin , Xu Hong , Xiao Jie , Ying Binwu
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Anti‐E is the most common and important RBC alloantibody in the Chinese population. Several studies have demonstrated that the production of specific RBC alloantibodies is associated with HLA‐DRB1 polymorphisms. Considering that the Chinese population has its own unique characteristics of HLA‐DRB1 polymorphisms, we investigate whether specific HLA‐DRB1 alleles are associated with E immunization in a Chinese population.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The frequencies of HLA‐DRB1 phenotypes were compared among 78 patients possessing anti‐E and 192 healthy blood donors. HLA‐DRB1 genotyping was carried out using sequence‐based typing method. The TEPITOPEpan software was used to predict E antigen–derived anchor peptides binding to HLA‐DRB1 molecules.

RESULTS

The frequency of HLA‐DRB1*09:01 phenotype was significantly higher in the patients with anti‐E than in healthy controls: 76.9% versus 27.6% (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 4.7‐16.2; corrected p value < 0.0034). One E antigen–derived anchor peptide (217WMFWPSVNS225) was predicted to bind three HLA‐DRB1 molecules (HLA‐DRB1*04:05, *04:17, and *13:02); however, no anchor peptide was predicted to bind HLA‐DRB1*09:01.

CONCLUSION

This study indicated that HLA‐DRB1*09:01 phenotype was significantly more prevalent in E‐immunized patients than the control group. It suggested that HLA‐DRB1*09:01 molecule might represent a susceptibility phenotype enhancing formation of anti‐E alloantibody. Further study would be necessary to identify the anchor peptide responsible for E alloimmunization by stimulation of specific T cells by peptide originating from E antigen.
The aldehyde dehydrogenase cord blood potency assay excludes early apoptotic cells
Authors: Frändberg Sofia , Li Susann , Boreström Cecilia , Holgersson Jan , Palmqvist Lars
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Cord blood units (CBUs) are processed, frozen, and thawed before use in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. The manipulations affect HSC functionality, that is, induce apoptosis and reduce viability. HSC content, commonly expressed as CBU potency, that is, the expected ability of a CBU to restore hematopoiesis, is traditionally approximated through viable CD34+ cells and the colony‐forming unit (CFU) cell cultivation assay. Alternative approaches, for example, the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme‐based assay, are also forthcoming. We hypothesized that the ALDH assay might exclude apoptotic cells since it is based on enzyme activity. To investigate this, we designed a protocol for simultaneous staining of viable and apoptotic CD34+ and ALDH+ cells using 7‐aminoactinomycin (7‐AAD) and annexin V, in frozen‐thawed CBUs. Results were correlated with results from the colony‐forming unit–granulocyte/macrophage (CFU‐GM) assay.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Samples from 57 CBUs were thawed and simultaneously analyzed for CD34+ cells, ALDH+ cells, viability (7‐AAD), and apoptosis (annexin V) using flow cytometry. Enumeration of CFUs was also performed.

RESULTS

No nonviable and few apoptotic cells (mean 0.7%) were identified in the ALDH+ population compared to the viable CD34+ population (mean 3.6%). The total number of ALDH+ cells correlated better than viable CD34+ cells (r = 0. 72 vs. r = 0.66; p < 0.0001) with the results of the CFU assay.

CONCLUSION

The ALDH assay excludes nonviable and apoptotic cells, and therefore correlates better with CFU enumeration compared to the number of viable CD34+ cells. We propose that the ALDH assay might replace the CFU‐GM method in CBU potency measurements.
Thromboelastography in wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Authors: Barratclough Ashley , Floyd Ruth Francis , Reep Roger L. , Ball Ray L. , Conner Bobbi J.
Published: March 2018

Background

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a comprehensive evaluation of blood clot formation. This test can be used to identify abnormalities in coagulation by assessing multiple aspects of the clotting cascade, including the speed of clot initiation and formation, clot strength, and ultimately fibrinolysis. Thromboembolic disease has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of cold stress syndrome (CSS), an important cause of mortality in the threatened Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).

Objectives

The objective of this study was to establish thromboelastography RIs using the TEG 5000 with citrated whole blood samples and kaolin activation in wild, healthy manatees.

Methods

In December 2014 and January 2015, 29 wild manatees (17 male and 12 female) were blood sampled as part of the annual wild manatee health assessments organized by United States Geological Survey (USGS). TEG was performed using citrated kaolin‐activated samples.

Results

The samples were obtained from manatees caught in Crystal River, Citrus County, and used to identify the mean ± SD of normal TEG parameters: R = reaction time 2.1 minutes (0.8), K = clot formation time 0.8 min (0), α angle = 83.1° (2), MA = maximum amplitude 75 mm (7.6), and LY30 = clot lysis 0.41% (0.68). No significant differences were found between manatee size, sex, or time between sampling and running the test.

Conclusions

Manatee TEG parameters demonstrate a relatively hypercoagulable condition when compared to other mammals. This information will facilitate detection of changes in hemostasis during injury and disease and provide a valuable reference range.
Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload prevention: a retrospective observational study of diuretic use
Authors: Lin Y. , Cohen R. , Armali C. , Callum J. , Cserti‐Gazdewich C. , Lieberman L. , Pendergrast J.
Published: March 2018

Background and Objectives

Approaches to preventing transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) include the use of diuretics. The purpose of this study was to determine how commonly diuretics are prescribed in patients receiving a red‐blood‐cell (RBC) transfusion.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective study of 200 adult inpatient RBC transfusion orders, 50 consecutive at each of four academic institutions. Only the first transfusion order for each patient was included. Only 1 or 2 unit orders were included. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients receiving furosemide peri‐transfusion. Secondary objectives included the dose, route, and timing of furosemide and the association of clinical factors with ordering furosemide.

Results

The median age was 62·5 years (IQR 53, 73), and 52% were female. Peri‐transfusion furosemide was ordered in 16% (95% CI 11–21%). The most common dose was 20 mg (55%), the route intravenous (90%) and timing post‐transfusion (74%). At least one risk factor for TACO was present in 55% of patients: renal dysfunction (33%), older than 70 years (28%), history of congestive heart failure (18%), ejection fraction <60% (16%) and diastolic dysfunction (5%). Low haemoglobin as an indication for transfusion (OR 4·2; 95% CI 1·4–12·8) and diuretics on admission (OR 3·5; 95% CI 1·5–8·0) were associated with ordering furosemide peri‐transfusion.

Conclusions

Furosemide is not routinely ordered for RBC transfusion, even in patients with risk factors for TACO. Studies assessing the safety, efficacy, optimal dose, and timing of furosemide in preventing TACO are justified.
Large‐Scale Hospital Mattress Switch‐Out Leads to Reduction Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Ulcers: Operationalization of a Multidisciplinary Task Force
Authors: Elsabrout Kerri , Orbacz Eleanor , McMahon Leigh Anne , Apold Susan
Published: March 2018

Background

Identifying strategies to protect patients most at risk for hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) is essential. HAPUs have significant impact on patients and their families and have profound cost and reimbursement implications.

Aims

This article describes the successful implementation of a hospital‐wide mattress switch‐out program using a Multidisciplinary Task Force, which resulted in a decrease in HAPUs and significant cost savings.

Results

As a result of this quality improvement project supported by evidence, the hospital realized a 66.6% decrease in Stage III and IV HAPUs, a 50% reduction in patient complaints about mattress comfort, a cost savings of $714,724, and an endorsement of bedside nurse clinical autonomy by nursing and executive leaders.

Linking Evidence to Action

Nursing leaders can effectively realize large‐scale initiatives by developing and implementing wide‐ranging operational projects, like this 2.5‐day, 275‐bed hospital mattresses switch‐out.
Burden of brain tumors in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mwita Clifford C. , Rowland Thabo , Gwer Samson
Published: March 2018

Review question/objective:

The objective of this review is to determine the best available evidence on the burden of brain tumors in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). More specifically, the objective is to determine the incidence and prevalence rates for brain tumors in LAMICs.
Two new species of Tenuipalpus and re-description of Tenuipalpus lineosetus Wang, 1983 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from China
Authors: Xu Yun , Fan Qing-Hai , Huang Jian , Zhang Fei-Ping
Published: March 2018

Two new species of Tenuipalpidae (Acari) are described from Hainan province, China: Tenuipalpus gneti sp. nov. and Tenuipalpus maai sp. nov.. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy on adults (female and male) and immature stages of T. gneti sp. nov. are presented. An old species, Tenuipalpus lineosetus Wang, 1983 is re-described with detailed illustrations based on the holotype and paratypes. A key to species of Tenuipalpus of China is provided.
Lithium-sulfur batteries poised for leap
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: March 2018

Promising chemistry is starting to compete commercially with lithium-ion.
Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhao Liping , Zhang Feng , Ding Xiaoying , Wu Guojun , Lam Yan Y. , Wang Xuejiao , Fu Huaqing , Xue Xinhe , Lu Chunhua , Ma Jilin , Yu Lihua , Xu Chengmei , Ren Zhongying , Xu Ying , Xu Songmei , Shen Hongli , Zhu Xiuli , Shi Yu , Shen Qingyun , Dong Weiping , Liu Rui , Ling Yunxia , Zeng Yue , Wang Xingpeng , Zhang Qianpeng , Wang Jing , Wang Linghua , Wu Yanqiu , Zeng Benhua , Wei Hong , Zhang Menghui , Peng Yongde , Zhang Chenhong
Published: March 2018

Microbial modulation of diabetes

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by various human gut microbes. SCFAs act as an energy source to the colonic epithelium and are also sensed by host signaling pathways that modulate appetite and inflammation. Deficiency of gut SCFAs is associated with type 2 diabetes. Zhaoet al.found that adopting a high-fiber diet promoted the growth of SCFA-producing organisms in diabetic humans. The high-fiber diet induced changes in the entire gut microbe community and correlated with elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide-1, a decline in acetylated hemoglobin levels, and improved blood-glucose regulation.

Science, this issue p.1151
Chemically induced proximity in biology and medicine
Authors: Stanton Benjamin Z. , Chory Emma J. , Crabtree Gerald R.
Published: March 2018

Regulating molecule proximity

The physical distance, or proximity, between molecules often directs biological events. The development of membrane-permeable small molecules that reversibly regulate proximity has enabled advances in fields such as synthetic biology, signal transduction, transcription, protein degradation, epigenetic memory, and chromatin dynamics. This “induced proximity” can also be applied to the development of new therapeutics. Stanton
et al.
review the wide range of advances and speculate on future applications of this fundamental approach.

Science
, this issue p.
eaao5902
Promoter Boundaries for the
luxCDABE
and
betIBA-proXWV
Operons in Vibrio harveyi Defined by the Method Rapid Arbitrary PCR Insertion Libraries (RAIL)
Authors: Hustmyer Christine M. , Simpson Chelsea A. , Olney Stephen G. , Rusch Douglas B. , Bochman Matthew L. , van Kessel Julia C.
Published: March 2018

Experimental studies of transcriptional regulation in bacteria require the ability to precisely measure changes in gene expression, often accomplished through the use of reporter genes. However, the boundaries of promoter sequences required for transcription are often unknown, thus complicating the construction of reporters and genetic analysis of transcriptional regulation. Here, we analyze reporter libraries to define the promoter boundaries of the
luxCDABE
bioluminescence operon and the
betIBA-proXWV
osmotic stress operon in
Vibrio harveyi
. We describe a new method called
r
apid
a
rbitrary PCR
i
nsertion
l
ibraries (RAIL) that combines the power of arbitrary PCR and isothermal DNA assembly to rapidly clone promoter fragments of various lengths upstream of reporter genes to generate large libraries. To demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of RAIL, we analyzed the promoters driving expression of the
luxCDABE
and
betIBA-proXWV
operons and created libraries of DNA fragments from these loci fused to fluorescent reporters. Using flow cytometry sorting and deep sequencing, we identified the DNA regions necessary and sufficient for maximum gene expression for each promoter. These analyses uncovered previously unknown regulatory sequences and validated known transcription factor binding sites. We applied this high-throughput method to
gfp
,
mCherry
, and
lacZ
reporters and multiple promoters in
V. harveyi
. We anticipate that the RAIL method will be easily applicable to other model systems for genetic, molecular, and cell biological applications.

IMPORTANCE
Gene reporter constructs have long been essential tools for studying gene regulation in bacteria, particularly following the recent advent of fluorescent gene reporters. We developed a new method that enables efficient construction of promoter fusions to reporter genes to study gene regulation. We demonstrate the versatility of this technique in the model bacterium
Vibrio harveyi
by constructing promoter libraries for three bacterial promoters using three reporter genes. These libraries can be used to determine the DNA sequences required for gene expression, revealing regulatory elements in promoters. This method is applicable to various model systems and reporter genes for assaying gene expression.