bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared neuromodulation—a review
Authors: Sander Michelle Y , Zhu Xuedong
Published: May 2024

Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central nervous systems, the investigations of the detailed cellular and biological processes and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the current research progress in the INM field with a focus on the more recently discovered IR nerve inhibition. Major biophysical mechanisms associated with IR nerve stimulation are summarized. As the INM effects are primarily attributed to the spatiotemporal thermal transients induced by water and tissue absorption of pulsed IR light, temperature monitoring techniques and simulation models adopted in INM studies are discussed. Potential translational applications, current limitations, and challenges of the field are elucidated to provide guidance for future INM research and advancement.
Examination of factors to improve the performance of dielectric elastomer transducers and their applications
Authors: Chiba Seiki , Waki Mikio , Takeshita Makoto , Ohyama Kazuhiro
Published: May 2024

Actuators, sensors, and generators using dielectric elastomers (DEs) are inexpensive and light, and can be easily to structured, multilayer-able, and very efficient. They are ideal for an eco-energy society. In the latest technology, an only 0.15 g DE can lift an 8 kg weight by 1 mm or more in just 88 ms. The near future, it can be applied to efficient drive systems of humanoid robots, systems that assist in driving the motors of electric vehicles, and various industrial machinery. It is highly likely that very thin and miniaturized DE sensors would also support the driving of motors. In addition, DE generators, which can be applied to various external forces, have attracted significant attention as a renewable energy source. In this paper, we discuss the R&D status of DEs using mainly commercially available elastomer materials, give examples of issues, and discuss and their potential applications, and usefulness. The excellent performance of the DEs mentioned above is largely due to their carbon-based electrodes. In this study, various carbon materials (including carbon grease, carbon black, MWCNT, and SWCNT) and their DE performances were compared.
Spider silk biological material for Q-switched temperature sensor
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ainnaa Mardhiah , Awang Noor Azura
Published: May 2024

A temperature sensor using compact design and highly sensitivity of side polished fiber and fiber Bragg grating as the sensing elements, Q-switched pulse fiber laser source with spider silk as a saturable absorber is proposed and demonstrated. Spider silk sample was gently collected from a live spider, specifically, the jumping spider of Plexippus sp. which then incorporated within the laser cavity by deposited the silk onto the surface of the fiber ferrule to facilitate the generation of Q-switched pulse fiber laser. The temperature variations were detected by monitoring the pulse train and radio frequency shift from the oscilloscope. The performance of the side polished fiber sensor probe shows a sensitivity of 0.1522 kHz/°C, with 0.9479 coefficient of determination value as the temperature increased from −0.5 °C to +3.1 °C. Besides, a linear temperature response in the range of 25 °C–55 °C with a sensitivity of 0.0423 kHz/°C, and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.951 was experimentally achieved for a fiber Bragg grating device. The spider silk as a saturable absorber material is compatible with fiber optic interconnection and the temperature sensing characteristics were successfully demonstrated. The sensor’s straightforward design further enhances its desirability as a sensor for temperature monitoring, including in the field of biological treatments, consumer electronics, detection of chemical analytes, and medical diagnosis.
Conductive polypyrrole: synthesis, characterization, thermal, and electrical properties for different applications
Authors: Ibrahim F A , Khalaf A I , Badr Magd M
Published: May 2024

Pyrrole monomer (mPPy) in an aqueous solution was used to create the conductive polymer polypyrrole (a homo-PPy) using a chemical oxidative polymerization process over a period of several hours at room temperature. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) oxidant was used, and sodium dodecyl sulphate (C12H25NaO4S), a surfactant. The produced PPy samples were characterized using a variety of methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed that nanoparticles of a homo-PPy with radii of 60–90 nm were well evenly distributed in the structure. The thermal stability and electrical conductivity of homo-PPy nanoparticles were observed to rise with a solvent ethylene glycol. As temperature rises, the conductivity of homo-PPy samples is significantly raised, and electrical conductivities ranging from.0.44 to 2.2 (Ω.m)−1. Results from FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the structural formation of a homo-polypyrrole during synthesis from pyrrole monomer. Because of their improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability, homo-PPy nanoparticles have potential applications in energy storage, adsorption and contamination elimination, electromagnetic protection, and resistance to corrosion.
X-ray diffraction for phase identification in Ti-based alloys: benefits and limitations
Authors: Bolzoni L , Yang F
Published: May 2024

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is routinely used to characterise Ti alloys, as it provides insight on structure-related aspects. However, there are no dedicated reports on its accuracy are available. To fill this gap, this work aims at examining the benefits and limitations of XRD analysis for phase identification in Ti-based alloys. It is worth mentioning that this study analyses both standard and experimental Ti alloys but the scope is primarily on alloys slow cooled from high temperature, thus characterised by equilibrium microstructures. To be comprehensive, this study considers the all spectrum of Ti alloys, ranging from alpha to beta Ti alloys. It is found that successful identification and quantification of the phases is achieved in the majority of the different type of Ti-based alloys. However, in some instances like for near-alpha alloys, the output of XRD analysis needs to be complemented with other characterisation techniques such as microscopy to be able to fully characterise the material. The correlation between the results of XRD analysis and the molybdenum equivalent parameter (MoE), which is widely used to design Ti alloys, was also investigated using structural-analytical models. The parallel model is found to be the best to estimate the amount of β-Ti phase as a function of the MoE parameter.
Immobilization of Cu2+ enhances the anti-mould properties of bamboo by addition of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Ji , Zhang Yang , Tian Qiong
Published: May 2024

Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ) is widely used to improve the anti-mould properties of bamboo in industry. In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles are employed to enhance the immobilization of Cu2+, further improving the anti-mould performance of bamboo materials. The dispersibility of ZnO nanoparticles in the ACQ solution was studied by an orthogonal test. The loss rates of Cu2+ in the bamboo specimens were measured. The results indicate that the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles helps to mitigate Cu2+ leaching and further enhance the antibacterial properties of the bamboo specimens.
Impact of oxygen vacancies on enhanced NO2 gas sensing performance of lithium doped Co:ZnO thin films
Authors: Jasmi K K , Johny T Anto , Siril V S , Madhusoodanan K N
Published: May 2024

This article explored the influence of lithium on cobalt-doped ZnO thin films fabricated via the sol–gel spin coating technique for NO2 gas sensing applications. The abundance of oxygen vacancies in ZnO can be proven by scanning electron microscopy, four-probe Hall measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of lithium plays a crucial role in generating more oxygen vacancies in Co-doped ZnO was discussed. Among the fabricated samples, (Li-Co) co-doped ZnO exhibits better sensitivity (2940.17%), selectivity, repeatability, and stability (after 90 days) toward 75 ppm NO2 gas.
Estimating physico-chemical properties of drugs for prostate cancer using degree-based and neighbourhood degree-based topological descriptors
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Deepa , Chidambaram Natarajan , Ravi Vignesh
Published: May 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most alarming diseases among men and leads to various illnesses. The main flaw in this disease is that there is not a single test that can find it. Prostate-specific antigens and prostate biopsies are used to identify this type of cancer. Many pharmaceutical industries do active research to identify non-steroidal drugs that can be used to treat prostate cancer effectively. QSPR analysis is one of the best practices that aid scientists in getting a deep insight into the physico-chemical properties of drugs without actually performing experiments in a wet lab, thereby cutting down on the cost of manufacturing such drugs. In this article, we perform a QSPR analysis of nineteen drugs primarily used to treat prostate cancer by using a set of ten degree-based indices and another set of ten novel neighbourhood-degree-based indices. In addition, we have done a comparative study of the findings obtained through these two different sets of indices over thirteen physico-chemical properties of prostate cancer drugs.
Constraints on peculiar velocity distribution of binary black holes using gravitational waves with GWTC-3
Authors: You Zhi-Qiang , Chen Zu-Cheng , Liu Lang , Yi Zhu , Liu Xiao-Jin , Wu You , Gong Yi
Published: May 2024

Peculiar velocity encodes rich information about the formation, dynamics, evolution, and merging history of binary black holes. In this work, we employ a hierarchical Bayesian model to infer the peculiar velocity distribution of binary black holes. We use the data from GWTC-3 and assume a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the peculiar velocities, but do not consider the dependence of peculiar velocity on the masses of black hole binaries. The constraint on the peculiar velocity distribution parameter, v
0, is weak and uninformative. However, the determination of peculiar velocity distribution can be significantly improved with next-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors. For the Einstein Telescope, the relative uncertainty of v
0 will reduce to ∼ 10% using 103 golden binary black hole events. Our statistical approach thus provides a robust and prospective inference for determining the peculiar velocity distribution.
Scenarios for offshore wind co-existence opportunities and trade-offs
Authors: Pettersen S S , Bergh Ø , Aarnes Ø , Benjamin C S , Bjordal M V , Hjøllo S S , Landberg L , Pretlove B , Brinchmann K , Sandberg J H , Strømme M L , Horneland P A
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces the MARCO (MARine CO-existence scenario building) concept for using scenario exploration in stakeholder engagement processes in offshore wind. MARCO builds on spatial analyses using geographic information systems (GIS), and projections over time using system dynamics simulation models. We position the concept within the existing literature on tools for decision support and stakeholder participation, and provide a preliminary status on the spatial baselines, as well as example scenarios for area usage in offshore wind and implications, including risks and co-existence opportunities, on other sectors and nature.
Sustainable Design of Onshore Wind Turbine Foundations
Authors: Masanet Claudio , Navarro Ignacio , Collado Maria , Yepes Víctor
Published: May 2024

In recent times, wind power has emerged as a prominent contributor to electricity production. Minimizing the costs and maximizing sustainability of wind energy is required to improve its competitiveness against other non-renewable energy sources. This communication offers a practical approach to assess the sustainability of wind turbine generator foundations from a 3-dimensional holistic point of view. Specifically, the main goal of this study is to analyse the life cycle impacts of one shallow foundation design comparing three different concrete alternatives: conventional concrete, concrete with 66-80% of blast furnace slags and concrete with 20% fly ash, and then to apply a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making model based on TOPSIS method to evaluate and compare the resulting sustainability of each alternative considered. The study results in a methodology for quantifying sustainability rather than simply qualifying it. Therefore, this methodology can be employed for design optimization, such as geometry and materials, with a sustainable perspective in mind. Specifically in this study, concrete with blast furnace slags emerges as the top-ranked sustainable alternative, followed by conventional concrete in second place, and fly ash option in third position.
Influence of platform dynamic yaw motions on wake, and subsequent impacts on downwind turbine power and loads.
Authors: Kvittem Marit I , Vien Eliassen Lene , Panjwani Balram , Levick Tom , Thomas Mark
Published: May 2024

The floating foundations of FOWTs cause turbine motions that introduce new unknowns to the field of wind turbine wake estimation, that again leads to uncertainties in the load and power estimation of wake affected turbines. Recent studies have shown significant effects of floater motions on power production and emphasizes the need for the effect to be integrated into existing wind farm energy yield tools. Also, field measurements in installed FOWT wind farms have shown that there are measurable effects of the wake on floater yaw motions and mooring line loads.

This paper describes a study that aims to quantify the effect of time-varying yaw misalignment, from floater motion and/or turbine yaw control, on the power production and turbine loads. 2 IEA 15 MW wind turbines supported by the UMaine VolturnUS-S semisubmersible, serves as the case study. The wind field and power production was simulated including the effect of steady and time-varying yawed inflow. The response of the downwind turbine in the waked wind field was simulated.

Power production and loads for the downwind turbine in yaw cases are benchmarked against results for the downwind turbine without time varying turbine yaw and show that including the upwind turbine yaw motion resulted in higher mean power (up to 4%), but also larger power fluctuations. It also lead to larger standard deviations in the mooring line tension. These effects seem to decrease with increasing wind speeds and turbine spacing, and increase with the amplitude of yaw motion.
Gradient microstructure in Ni-Cr-Mo ultra-heavy steel plate after tempering
Authors: Meng L , Zhang N , Pan T , Zhang B , Luo X B , Chai F , Tu Y
Published: May 2024

This paper studied through-thickness gradient microstructure of an 80mm ultra-heavy steel plate by multi-dimensional characterizations, meanwhile the cause of microstructure variability as well as its effect on strength was analyzed. Results show major lath-structure in the whole steel plate, while lath morphology and grain boundary distribution are different along the thickness direction. During phase transformation, the higher cooling rate in the surface enhances the forming ability of V1/V4 variant pairs and corresponding 5°-10° boundaries, meanwhile the higher cooling rate and smaller original austenite grain contribute to more nucleation sites and stronger strain incompatibility, which is corresponding to more low-angle boundaries, so the surface layer shows higher low-angle boundaries; Compared with the surface layer, the moderate cooling rate is beneficial for V1/V2 variant pairs, and Σ3 boundaries between the pairs are obtained, leading to higher high-angle boundary density with decreased low-angle grain boundary density. This boundary characteristic corresponds to the thinner and longer lath morphology. With respect to the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure, more low-angle boundaries in the surface layer and more high-angle boundaries in inner layers contribute to stronger dislocation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening respectively, and realizes the coordinated through-thickness property.
Nickel Precipitation on the Surface of 15-15Ti Stainless Steel with B4C Exposed to Sodium
Authors: Qin Bo , Long Bin
Published: May 2024

In order to evaluate the application performance of B4C pellets as the neutron absorbing material for fast reactor, compatibility experiments were carried out at elevated temperatures for 15-15Ti stainless steel-sodium-B4C ternary system. Experiments results show that the nickel (Ni) precipitates on the inner surface of the 15-15Ti stainless steel (SS) tube. The Ni precipitates on the surface as island distribution, and with the increase of experiment time, the precipitations grow up. Experiment analysis show that the Ni precipitation process is caused by boronation of the Fe and Cr elements of the 15-15Ti SS tube.
High-Performance PVDF-HFP-PVAc-LLZTO Composite Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Zhang Linghao , Wu Ruoying , Xu Xin , Wei Lai , Gao Yunfang
Published: May 2024

Composite solid-state electrolytes are highly promising contenders for next-generation lithium-metal batteries due to their high safety, good flexibility, and compatibility with lithium metal. In this work, Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was incorporated into PVDF-HFP in order to reduce the crystallinity of the PVDF-HFP matrix, improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and greatly reduce the interfacial impedance of the electrolyte by utilizing the low-temperature flexibility, excellent amorphous nature, and strong bonding properties of PVAc. On this basis, the active filler LLZTO was introduced to further reduce the crystallinity of the PVDF-HFP matrix and provide more Li+ transport channels. The PP60-10LLZTO composite solid electrolyte has exceptional mechanical and electrochemical characteristics with a high ionic conductivity of 7.2*10−4 S cm−1 and the Li+ transference number of 0.57 at 30 °C. The assembled LFP/Li battery can be stably cycled for 450 cycles at 30 °C and 0.5C, and its capacity retention rate is as high as 89%. The strategy of constructing composite solid-state electrolytes in this paper presents new insights for designing and developing high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Are the dynamics of wall turbulence in minimal channels and larger domain channels equivalent? A graph-theoretic approach
Authors: Elnahhas Ahmed , Lenz Emma , Moin Parviz , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Jane Bae H.
Published: May 2024

This work proposes two algorithmic approaches to extract critical dynamical mechanisms in wall-bounded turbulence with minimum human bias. In both approaches, multiple types of coherent structures are spatiotemporally tracked, resulting in a complex multilayer network. Network motif analysis, i.e., extracting dominant non-random elemental patterns within these networks, is used to identify the most dominant dynamical mechanisms. Both approaches, combined with network motif analysis, are used to answer whether the main dynamical mechanisms of a minimal flow unit (MFU) and a larger unconstrained channel flow, labeled a full channel (FC), at Reτ
≈ 180, are equivalent. The first approach tracks traditional coherent structures defined as low- and high-speed streaks, ejections, and sweeps. It is found that the roll-streak pairing, consistent with the current understanding of self-sustaining processes, is the most significant and simplest dynamical mechanism in both flows. However, the MFU has a timescale for this mechanism that is approximately 2.83 times slower than that of the FC. In the second approach, we use semi-Lagrangian wavepackets and define coherent structures from their energetic streak, roll, and small-scale phase space. This method also shows similar motifs for both the MFU and FC. It indicates that, on average, the most dominant phase-space motifs are similar between the two flows, with the significant events taking place approximately 2.21 times slower in the MFU than in the FC. This value is more consistent with the implied timescale ratio of only the slow speed streaks taking part in the roll-streak pairing extracted using the first multi-type spatiotemporal approach, which is approximately 2.17 slower in the MFU than the FC.
Numerical analysis of the bistable propagation of lean premixed hydrogen flames
Authors: Domínguez-González Alba , Encinar Miguel P. , Martínez-Ruiz Daniel
Published: May 2024

Premixed hydrogen-air flames that propagate in slender channels have been recently found to be bistable in the limit of fuel-lean mixtures and non-negligible heat losses. Specifically, two stable configurations conformed by either a circular or a double-cell flame front arise for the same combination of controlling parameters (fuel mixture, heat transfer). Nevertheless, this multiplicity of solutions lacks a satisfactory explanation that predicts the formation of either one or another structure given a particular ignition transient. In this work, the analysis of a set of numerical simulations is offered to unveil the underlying physics controlling the bistable behavior. The formulation employed here proves that simplified one-step Arrhenius reaction and quasi-two-dimensional equations suffice to reproduce the complex dynamics, rendering three-dimensional effects and detailed chemical kinetics as second-order contributions that may be important, however, to provide exact quantitative results. Specifically, the initial temperature profiles and subsequent expansion of the flow field prescribe the growth of the flame front leading to different curvatures and sizes of the kernel that control the evolution into one of the canonical structures. Moreover, the achievement of double-cell flames require splitting and reorientation processes prior to pairing of isolated flames, which call for specific initialization conditions that enable these transient dynamics.
On the growth of localised perturbations in isotropic turbulence
Authors: Encinar Miguel P.
Published: May 2024

Assessing the impact of localised perturbations is staple for the problems of data assimilation and control of turbulent flows. In the present work we exploit the public database of [1] that contains the growth and location of about 105 perturbations of approximately thirty Kolmogorov units in isotropic turbulence at moderate Reynolds numbers. All the terms in the evolution equation for the perturbation kinetic energy are analysed statistically, disregarding in the process the effect of viscosity. Of the relevant terms, only the stretching of the perturbation by the mean flow can result in production of kinetic energy, whereas every other term must only transport the perturbation across the flow field. However, it is shown that if the problem of interest is the coarse-grained propagation of the perturbation, i.e. its radius, the dynamical terms related to incompressibility are of equal importance for the growth. A simplified model based on the balance between these terms is proposed to explain the quasi-linear growth of the radius with time.
Linear and nonlinear Granger causality analysis of turbulent duct flows
Authors: Lopez-Doriga B , Atzori M , Vinuesa R , Bae H J , Srivastava A , Dawson S T M
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on the identification and causality analysis of coherent structures that arise in turbulent flows in square and rectangular ducts. Coherent structures are first identified from direct numerical simulation data via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), both by using all velocity components, and after separating the streamwise and secondary components of the flow. The causal relations between the mode coefficients are analysed using pairwise-conditional Granger causality analysis. We also formulate a nonlinear Granger causality analysis that can account for nonlinear interactions between modes. Focusing on streamwise-constant structures within a duct of short streamwise extent, we show that the causal relationships are highly sensitive to whether the mode coefficients or their squared values are considered, whether nonlinear effects are explicitly accounted for, and whether streamwise and secondary flow structures are separated prior to causality analyses. We leverage these sensitivities to determine that linear mechanisms underpin causal relationships between modes that share the same symmetry or anti-symmetry properties about the corner bisector, while nonlinear effects govern the causal interactions between symmetric and antisymmetric modes. In all cases, we find that the secondary flow fluctuations (manifesting as streamwise vorticial structures) are the primary cause of both the presence and movement of near-wall streaks towards and away from the duct corners.
Karhunen–Loéve decomposition of high Reynolds number turbulent pipe flows: a Voronoi analysis
Authors: Massaro D. , Yao J. , Rezaeiravesh S. , Hussain F. , Schlatter P.
Published: May 2024

We perform the Karhunen–Loéve decomposition of the data from direct numerical simulations pertaining to incompressible turbulent pipe flow at various Reynolds numbers, in order to identify large-scale coherent structures. A novel approach based on the Voronoi diagram is introduced to estimate the energy distribution along the radial direction as a function of the geometrical properties of the modes. In contrast to previous classifications, no user-defined criterion, threshold or ad-hoc separation of the eddies is required since the two most energetic branches are inherently present as the Reynolds number increases. Details about the Voronoi analysis are provided, together with a comprehensive validation and comparison with previous classifications at low Reynolds numbers. We discuss the results and potential of the presented approach at Reτ
= 180 and 5200, commenting on the two classes of coherent structures with a varying and constant size in the radial direction appearing at Reτ
= 5200.
Accelerating high order discontinuous Galerkin solvers using neural networks: Wall bounded flows
Authors: Mariño Oscar A. , Mayoral David , Juanicotena Adrián , De Lara Fernando Manrique , Ferrer Esteban
Published: May 2024

High order solvers are accurate but computationally expensive as they require small time steps to advance the solution in time. In this work we include a corrective forcing to a low order solution to improve the accuracy while advancing in time with larger time steps, and achieve fast computations. The work uses a discontinuous Galerkin framework, where the polynomial order, inside each mesh element, can be varied to provide low or high accuracy. The corrective forcing is included for each high order Gauss nodal point in the mesh. This work is a continuation of [1, 2], where we extend the methodology to wall bounded flows. Namely, we adapt the methodology to a turbulent channel at Reτ
= 182. In this case, we use three neural networks to correct different regions of the flow, which are distinguished by their y+ distance to the wall. The methodology is able to correct the low resolution simulation to attain flow statistics that are comparable to high order simulations. We include comparisons for the mean, Reynolds stresses and shear stress on the wall. We achieve good predictions using the corrected low order solution, in mean velocity and its corresponded fluctuations, as well as the shear stress on the wall.
Relating absorbing and hard wall boundary conditions for a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle
Authors: Guéneau Mathis , Touzo Léo
Published: May 2024

The connection between absorbing boundary conditions and hard walls is well established in the mathematical literature for a variety of stochastic models, including for instance the Brownian motion. In this paper we explore this duality for a different type of process which is of particular interest in physics and biology, namely the run-tumble-particle, a toy model of active particle. For a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle (RTP) subjected to an arbitrary external force, we provide a duality relation between the exit probability, i.e. the probability that the particle exits an interval from a given boundary before a certain time t, and the cumulative distribution of its position in the presence of hard walls at the same time t. We show this relation for a RTP in the stationary state by explicitly computing both quantities. At finite time, we provide a derivation using the Fokker–Planck equation. All the results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Quantum field theory at finite temperature for 3D periodic backgrounds
Authors: Santamaría-Sanz Lucía
Published: May 2024

The one-loop quantum corrections to the internal energy of some lattices due to the quantum fluctuations of the scalar field of phonons are studied. The band spectrum of the lattice is characterised in terms of the scattering data, allowing to compute the quantum vacuum interaction energy between nodes at zero temperature, as well as the total Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, and the Casimir pressure between nodes at finite non-zero temperature. Some examples of periodic potentials built from the repetition in one of the three spatial dimensions of the same punctual or compact supported potential are addressed: a stack of parallel plates constructed by positioning

δ

δ

′

-functions at the lattice nodes, and an ‘upside-down tiled roof’ of parallel two-dimensional Pöschl–Teller wells centred at the nodes. They will be called generalised Dirac comb and Pöschl–Teller comb, respectively. Positive one-loop quantum corrections to the entropy appear for both combs at non-zero temperatures. Moreover, the Casimir force between the lattice nodes is always repulsive for both chains when non-trivial temperatures are considered, implying that the primitive cell increases its size due to the quantum interaction of the phonon field.
A unifying representation of path integrals for fractional Brownian motions
Authors: Bénichou Olivier , Oshanin Gleb
Published: May 2024

Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is an experimentally-relevant, non-Markovian Gaussian stochastic process with long-ranged correlations between the increments, parametrised by the so-called Hurst exponent H; depending on its value the process can be sub-diffusive

(
0
<
H
<
1

/

2
)

, diffusive

(
H
=
1

/

2
)

or super-diffusive

(
1

/

2
<
H
<
1
)

. There exist three alternative equally often used definitions of fBm—due to Lévy and due to Mandelbrot and van Ness (MvN), which differ by the interval on which the time variable is formally defined. Respectively, the covariance functions of these fBms have different functional forms. Moreover, the MvN fBms have stationary increments, while for the Lévy fBm this is not the case. One may therefore be tempted to conclude that these are, in fact, different processes which only accidentally bear the same name. Recently determined explicit path integral representations also appear to have very different functional forms, which only reinforces the latter conclusion. Here we develop a unifying equivalent path integral representation of all three fBms in terms of Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals, which links the fBms and proves that they indeed belong to the same family. We show that the action in such a representation involves the fractional integral of the same form and order (dependent on whether

H
<
1

/

2

or

H
>
1

/

2

) for all three cases, and differs only by the integration limits.
Effect of pruning intensity and picking on Acacia senegal for gum arabic yield in Northern Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdu A , Alias M A , Abdul-Hamid H
Published: May 2024

Climate significantly impacts dryland trees, influencing their adaptation, survival, production, and role in the ecosystem. Acacia senegal is a valuable dryland tree planted for gum arabic production and ecological benefits. However, gum arabic production has declined due to the adverse effects of climate and improper management. Thus, silvicultural intervention such as pruning is essential for the health, growth, and gum yield of A. senegal. This study investigates the effects of different pruning intensities and pickings on gum arabic yield at Madana and Garin-ladan in the Gumel district of northern Jigawa State, Nigeria. The experiment involved five levels of pruning intensity and eight pickings, conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The gum yield was collected, dried, and weighed, and ANOVA was performed using Statistix 10.0 software, with Shapiro-Wilk and Turkey tests for data normality and mean comparison. The result showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in gum yield among the pruning intensities for most of the pickings at the two sites. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 3rd, 5th, 8th pickings are significantly different except 4th, 7th, 8th; and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th at Madana and Garin-ladan respectively. The highest gum yield is 52.5a, 46.7a, 50.1a, and 43.5a g/picking, respectively. The lowest is 0.8a and 0.9a g/picking, respectively. Pruning intensity significantly differs (p< 0.05) in total gum yield per tree. Pruning intensities B3 and B4 demonstrated the highest total gum yield (251.8a and 147.6a g/tree) at both sites, respectively. At the same time, B0 exhibited the lowest gum arabic yield (97.2c and 38.5b g/tree) at both locations. These findings prove that pruning intensities B3 and B4 are the most effective in promoting gum yield and may enhance the gum productivity of A. senegal trees in northern Jigawa State.
Analysis of Mini Polder Performance for Improved Water Management in the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area
Authors: Handoko Dede , Istiarto  , Karlina
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian government has chosen the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area as one of its Food Estate regions to address food security concerns. Following the rehabilitation of the irrigation network and the construction of gates from 2020 to 2022, block A5 is chosen as a pilot project using a mini polder as its water system management. In the right block A5, mini polders small-scale embankments are designed to regulate water flow and optimize land utilization. This research comprehensively evaluates the mini polder’s effectiveness in right block A5 in improving water control within the swampy landscape, considering the influence of rainfall patterns. Our study aims to comprehensively evaluate how mini polders effectively improve water control in the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area. To achieve this, we consider the influence of rainfall patterns, which play a significant role in the region’s hydrological dynamics. In addition to traditional data analysis, we integrate hydraulic simulations into our study using HEC-RAS software. These simulations allow us to model and visualize how mini polders interact with the complex water flow patterns in the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area. By combining empirical data with hydraulic simulations, we can better understand how mini-polders function in response to varying rainfall scenarios. Based on the simulation results, it was found that without the polder system, the water level would be on dry land during the dry season. The simulation provides direction or guidelines for polder operations to maintain the water level as long as possible during the dry season and prevent flooding during the rainy season. This research can provide valuable insights into sustainable agriculture practices in this unique and challenging environment.
Diversification of rendang daun kayu: Strengthening the food security of the Minangkabau community
Authors: Rusdi  , Saputra B , Wirdanengsih  , Erianjoni  , Hardi E , Firza
Published: May 2024

Rendang is one of the traditional Minangkabau culinary preparations of West Sumatra, Indonesia, that has gone global. Rendang sometimes uses meat, but some use plants as the main ingredient. Weak economic conditions and the high price of meat in the market do not become an excuse for Minangkabau people not to eat rendang because rendang culinary can be processed with vegetable-based ingredients. In Nagari Harau, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, wood leaves from wild plants can be processed into a very delicious rendang culinary. They call it “rendang daun kayu.” Diversification of rendang daun kayu can be an exciting effort to improve the food security of the Minangkabau people. Thus, this article will discuss efforts to diversify rendang daun kayu as a strategy to strengthen the food security of the Minangkabau community. The qualitative descriptive method was used in this research. Primary data, secondary data, interview guidelines, and in-depth interview activities supported data collection. Informants were selected using snowball sampling. Source triangulation analysis was used to answer the research objectives. Based on the research results, it is known that the diversification of rendang daun kayu is the development of rendang culinary dishes using locally available wood leaf raw materials. Diversification of rendang daun kayu is an innovative step towards more robust food security for the Minangkabau people. Diversifying rendang daun kayu is expected to create food security for the Minangkabau community.
Advantages of early-maturity soybean varieties as a farmer adaptation effort to climate change in Grobogan Regency
Authors: Chanifah  , Sahara D , Susila A , Triastono J
Published: May 2024

The climate change impact is cropping patterns change, including unpredictable droughts and floods. These conditions require soybean farmers to adapt, one of them is adopting early maturing soybean varieties. This research aims to identify the advantages of early-maturity soybean varieties, financial feasibility, and technical Efficiency. This study collected data from 40 soybean farmers in the Grobogan Regency. Soybean farming data used in planting season III (May-August) 2021. Biosoy varieties are early maturing, compared to the Anjasmoro varieties as existing soybeans. The financial feasibility of early-maturing soybeans is analyzed by the Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR), while technical Efficiency is by stochastic frontier. The research showed that a) advantages of Biosoy early-maturing soybeans include higher production, larger seeds, and reduced risk of crop failure due to drought; b) Biosoy varieties are feasible to develop with an MBCR level of 3.19, and c) an average technical efficiency is 0.92. Biosoy varieties demonstrated better advantages than Anjasmoro varieties. The government, as a policy maker, is expected to be able to encourage farmers to adopt Biosoy varieties and optimize production inputs to make them more efficient so that farmers can adapt to climate change adaption.
Enhancing household rice farmers’ welfare under climate change conditions using loop diagrams of causality: A system thinking approach
Authors: Mutisari Rini , Syafrial  , Hanani Nuhfil , Sujarwo
Published: May 2024

Climate change has hurt several sectors, but agriculture has been a tough hit. Small farmers are the people most affected by climate change because they have less access to resources and information. Their household welfare is lowered as a result, and they are unable to avoid the effects of climate change. To lessen the negative effects of climate change, farmers have to figure out how to adapt to it. This study uses a household economic model to examine the relationship between livelihood assets and strategic adaptation using the framework of systems thinking. This research has created causal loop diagrams (CLDs) based on a literature review to capture crucial variables in farmer households’ economic behavior under climate change conditions. By using these CLDs, more studies can be conducted to enhance the welfare of rice farmers through multiple policy simulations.
The Role of Root and Tuber Crops on Food Diversification Facing the Climate Change in East Java Indonesia
Authors: Suhartini  , Waluyo Budi , Irawanto Dodi Wirawan , Nofal Bahieddin , Lasitya Daffa Sandi , Jihad Baroroh Nur
Published: May 2024

Root and tuber crops consisting of cassava, sweet potato, potato, taro and others root and tubers have the important roles as the source of food, nutrition and cash income for many farmers in Indonesia. These crops also as a source of carbohydrates beside rice, corn, cereals, wheat etc. Root and tuber crops are the second most important group of crop plants after the cereals. The government of Indonesia accelerate food diversification based on local food resources, especially facing the climate change. The objective of this study was to estimate the role of root and tuber crops on food diversification and to estimate the household root and tuber crops demand in East Java Indonesia. The research used SUSENAS (Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey) 2020 data with 31.990 household respondents in East Java Indonesia. Demand for food was estimated by AIDS (Almost Ideal Demand System) model. The results show that the average consumption for root and tuber crops was 0,69 kg/household/week (11,23% from carbohydrates foods), whereas rice consumption amount 4,86 kg/household/week (79,68 %), maize amount 0,25 kg/household/week (4,13%) and cereals amount 0,3 kg/household/week (4,96%). The expenditure elasticity of root and tuber crops was 1,36, while the expenditure elasticity of rice amount 0,78 (normal food), maize (1,41) and cereals (1,27). The expenditure elasticity more than 1 means that root and tuber crops as a superior food, also for maize and cereals. People no longer considers that root and tuber crops to be an inferior food. The root and tuber crops consumptions have the highest proportion after rice. It can be mean that root and tuber crops have the important role on food diversification in East Java Indonesia. Facing the climate change, root and tuber crops development be a right decision, moreover, root and tuber crops can be planted on dry land which is still widely available in Indonesia.
Strategy to Reduce the Impact of Food Waste Through Environmentally Friendly Household Waste Management in Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Pariasa I I , Amalia R , Siswantoro A , Putra A N
Published: May 2024

Food waste is a description of people’s behavior regarding consumption patterns that are not in accordance with daily needs. The negative impacts caused by food waste behavior have become a world issue, including: food crisis, water and land pollution, and global warming. Global warming occurs partly due to food waste which accumulates in large quantities which produces methane gas, thus forming greenhouse gases. This greenhouse gas then triggers global warming. Therefore, this research aims to identify the types of waste produced by households and analyze strategies for reducing negative impacts due to food waste behavior in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research location includes 4 villages in Bojonegoro included Sembung, Bangilan, Pilang Gede, and Kenep. The method approach used is quantitative. The conclusion of the results of this research shows that organic and inorganic waste in the villages of Bangilan, Sembung, Kenep and Pilang Gede is dominated by purchasing processed food activities, Purchasing children’s equipment and Purchasing clothes/fashion. The implementations of waste management are a good strategy for sustainable environmental conditions in the four villages such as rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, rot and recycle strategies, however, in overcoming environmental problems, consistency and mutual support between parties is needed.
Drought tolerance testing of paddy variety Inpari 4 with PEG-6000 in the germination phase
Authors: Hartyanto A A S P , Triharyanto E , Pujiasmanto B
Published: May 2024

Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) factors in the importance of life for Indonesians. The challenge that will be faced in the future is global warming which can cause drought in the agricultural sector. Paddy is very susceptible to drought during germination and early growth stages. Such drought can cause crop production to decline. This research aims to provide earlier information on drought-tolerant paddy varieties. The research carried out in the Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production Management, Sebelas Maret University. It was applied FCRD consisting of the first factor of PEG-6000 concentration (C) which is 0% (C0), 10% (C1), 15% (C2), 20% (C3) and 25% (C4), the second factor of soaking duration (S) is 12 hours (S1), 24 hours (S2) and 36 hours (S3). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested with DMRT 5%. The results of research on seed viability from the application PEG-6000 which can have a drought effect show that at a temperature of 26°C produces germination of 84,30%, C3S3 gave the highest value on germination (90,50%) and growing speed (47,58%/etmal), C0 gives the highest value at lead length (29,05 cm) and C4 gives the highest value at radicle length (35,64 cm).
Analysis of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide in agricultural irrigation water by Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Manh Nguyen Khac , Nguyet Trinh Thi Anh , Hanh Dam Thi Bich , Nhan Ngu Truong , Viet Tran Tuan
Published: May 2024

So far, the ultra-trace concentration of pesticide residues in environmental samples has challenged many analytical techniques, which are used to detect simultaneously organophosphorus and carbamate with various polarities. In this study, the OASIS-HLB column was modified by the reagent 1,8-Dihydroxy-2-(4-sulfophenylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulfonic to enhance the retention of polar pesticides. Both real irrigation water and distilled water samples were applied to validate the determination method of ten carbamates and thirty-eight organophosphorus pesticides all together using LC-MS. According to the results, the linear interval of the method ranged from 1.0 to 100 µg/L, the detection limit was as low as 5.0 µg/L, the relative standard deviations presented less than 8.0%, and the recoveries were ranging between 60% and 112%. Moreover, in the irrigation water samples which were collected in both dry and rainy seasons in ten stations around the agricultural area, five compounds were found, including fenamiphos, terbufos, aldicarb, propoxur, and methiocarb. In the midst of those sampling areas, the Environmental Impact Quotient Field Use Rating of detected pesticide residues presented a high value - 272 at one station, which indicates a high risk for the surrounding environment as well as the local people’s health.