bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of PM2.5 Concentrations in China Using Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Deqing , Zhong Zhangqi , Bai Kaixu , He Lingyun
Published: March 2019

As air pollution characterized by fine particulate matter has become one of the most serious environmental issues in China, a critical understanding of the behavior of major pollutant is increasingly becoming very important for air pollution prevention and control. The main concern of this study is, within the framework of functional data analysis, to compare the fluctuation patterns of PM2.5 concentration between provinces from 1998 to 2016 in China, both spatially and temporally. By converting these discrete PM2.5 concentration values into a smoothing curve with a roughness penalty, the continuous process of PM2.5 concentration for each province was presented. The variance decomposition via functional principal component analysis indicates that the highest mean and largest variability of PM2.5 concentration occurred during the period from 2003 to 2012, during which national environmental protection policies were intensively issued. However, the beginning and end stages indicate equal variability, which was far less than that of the middle stage. Since the PM2.5 concentration curves showed different fluctuation patterns in each province, the adaptive clustering analysis combined with functional analysis of variance were adopted to explore the categories of PM2.5 concentration curves. The classification result shows that: (1) there existed eight patterns of PM2.5 concentration among 34 provinces, and the difference among different patterns was significant whether from a static perspective or multiple dynamic perspectives; (2) air pollution in China presents a characteristic of high-emission “club” agglomeration. Comparative analysis of PM2.5 profiles showed that the heavy pollution areas could rapidly adjust their emission levels according to the environmental protection policies, whereas low pollution areas characterized by the tourism industry would rationally support the opportunity of developing the economy at the expense of environment and resources. This study not only introduces an advanced technique to extract additional information implied in the functions of PM2.5 concentration, but also provides empirical suggestions for government policies directed to reduce or eliminate the haze pollution fundamentally.
Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md Nazirul Islam , Wu Min , Alam G M Monirul , Shouse Roger C.
Published: March 2019

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. In particular, its riverine-island (char) dwellers face continuous riverbank erosion, frequent flooding, and other adverse effects of climate change that increase their vulnerability. This paper aims to assess the livelihood vulnerability of riverine communities by applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability framework and the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI). Results indicate substantial variation in the vulnerability of char dwellers based on mainland proximity. The main drivers of livelihood vulnerability are char-dweller adaptation strategies and access to food and health services. The study further reveals that riverbank erosion, frequent flood inundation, and lack of employment and access to basic public services are the major social and natural drivers of livelihood vulnerability. Char-based policy focusing on short- and long-term strategy is required to reduce livelihood vulnerability and enhance char-dweller resilience.
Global Shale Revolution: Successes, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Salygin Valery , Guliev Igbal , Chernysheva Natalia , Sokolova Elizaveta , Toropova Natalya , Egorova Larisa
Published: March 2019

This study reveals the current problems and prospects of developing shale oil and gas industries in the USA, Canada, Mexico, Poland, Russia, China, India, and Australia. This approach allows a comprehensive and wide view on the industry and its geography. A brief review of the technologies implemented in the shale industry is provided. The key aim of the paper is to compare the hydrocarbon market conjuncture and economic environment (including financial), in the above-mentioned states, in order to reveal the factors contributing to the development of the industry. The methodology is based on the statistical estimation of the extraction, exports, and reserves of extractable shale hydrocarbons. The analysis given allows the forecast and estimation of the economic effects and external institutional effects of shale hydrocarbon extraction. It also contributes to the evaluation of the prospects of shale industry development in America, the EU, Russia, and the Asia-Pacific region. In accordance with the overall impact the shale revolution has had on the economies, environmental conditions, and societies of the chosen countries, recommendations are provided. The authors develop three scenarios for the future of the shale industry. The most probable scenario is a slower dissemination of horizontal drilling, as well as tight oil and shale gas extraction, with the decline of conventional reserve volumes.
Characterization of Bitumen Modified with Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Scrap Tires
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Lu Guoyang , Feng Shuyin , Wen Xiaobo , Yang Jun
Published: March 2019

Pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) from scrap tire pyrolysis is a potential modifier for the bitumen industry. Binders containing different contents of CBp were prepared and experimentally investigated to examine the effects of CBp on the electrical and thermal conductivity, conventional physical properties, rheological properties, high-temperature antirutting performance, aging resistance, and storage stability. Laboratory test results indicated that the incorporation of CBp effectively improves the electrothermal properties, rheological properties, high-temperature rutting resistance, and aging resistance. It also increases the viscosity and decreases the storage stability of bitumen. The study confirms that CBp-modified bitumen with proper selection of content can be a multifunctional paving material.
Exploration of Social Media for Observing Improper Tourist Behaviors in a National Park
Authors: Huang Shu-Chun L. , Sun Wan-En
Published: March 2019

The numerous visitors and shortages in funding and manpower of national parks in Taiwan present difficulties in the management of recreational uses, thereby resulting in issues regarding park sustainability. Using social media to describe and reconstruct travel experiences has become prevalent in recent years. Social media usage has also triggered the emergence of Internet surveillance. This study used social media to analyze the types of improper behavior among visitors at Yushan National Park in Taiwan, the message modes that visitors use to disseminate their improper behavior, and other Facebook (FB) users’ responses to posts that involve improper behavior. Content analysis was adopted to evaluate the posts of FB users who visited Yushan National Park and logged into FB from Taiwan. The findings revealed that a total of 62 (7.3%) out of 852 FB users had engaged in improper behavior, which mainly involved illegal (40.3%) and careless (30.6%) actions. The message modes adopted for posting of improper behavior were predominantly texts and photos (48.4%) and photos only (43.5%). In general, other FB users consistently responded to the posts on improper behavior with Likes and commented on the majority of the posts. However, few posts received purely unsupportive Comments and Shares. Managerial suggestions based on these findings were provided to Yushan National Park.
Pythagorean Fuzzy Dombi Aggregation Operators and Their Application in Decision Support System
Authors: Khan Arshad Ahmad , Ashraf Shahzaib , Abdullah Saleem , Qiyas Muhammad , Luo Jianchao , Khan Sufyan Ullah
Published: March 2019

Keeping in mind the importance and well growing Pythagorean fuzzy sets, in this paper, some novel operators for Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their properties are demonstrated. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model to tackle decision-making problems where strong points of view are in the favour and against the some projects, entities or plans. Therefore, a new approach, based on Pythagorean fuzzy set models by means of Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators is proposed. An approach to deal with decision-making problems using Pythagorean Dombi averaging and Dombi geometric aggregation operators is established. This model has a stronger capability than existing averaging, geometric, Einstein, logarithmic averaging and logarithmic geometric aggregation operators for Pythagorean fuzzy information. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated through an example of how the proposed method helps us and is effective in decision-making problems.
Adaptive Edge Preserving Weighted Mean Filter for Removing Random-Valued Impulse Noise
Authors: Iqbal Nasar , Ali Sadiq , Khan Imran , Lee Byung Moo
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes an adaptive noise detector and a new weighted mean filter to remove random-valued impulse noise from the images. Unlike other noise detectors, the proposed detector computes a new and adaptive threshold for each pixel. The detection accuracy is further improved by employing edge identification stage to ensure that the edge pixels are not incorrectly detected as noisy pixels. Thus, preserving the edges avoids faulty detection of noise. In the filtering stage, a new weighted mean filter is designed to filter only those pixels which are identified as noisy in the first stage. Different from other filters, the proposed filter divides the pixels into clusters of noisy and clean pixels and thus takes into only clean pixels to find the replacement of the noisy pixel. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art noise detection methods in suppressing random valued impulse noise.
Variation of Fungal Metabolites in Sorghum Malts Used to Prepare Namibian Traditional Fermented Beverages Omalodu and Otombo
Authors: Nafuka Sylvia N. , Misihairabgwi Jane M. , Bock Ronnie , Ishola Anthony , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf
Published: March 2019

Sorghum malts, which are important ingredients in traditional fermented beverages, are commonly infected by mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins may transfer into the beverages, risking consumers’ health. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine variation of fungal metabolites in 81 sorghum malts processed for brewing of Namibian beverages, otombo (n = 45) and omalodu (n = 36). Co-occurrence of European Union (EU)-regulated mycotoxins, such as patulin, aflatoxins (B1, B2, and G2), and fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) was detected in both malts with a prevalence range of 2–84%. Aflatoxin B1 was quantified in omalodu (44%) and otombo malts (14%), with 20% of omalodu malts and 40% of otombo malts having levels above the EU allowable limit. Fumonisin B1 was quantified in both omalodu (84%) and otombo (42%) malts. Emerging mycotoxins, aflatoxin precursors, and ergot alkaloids were quantified in both malts. Notably, 102 metabolites were quantified in both malts, with 96% in omalodu malts and 93% in otombo malts. An average of 48 metabolites were quantified in otombo malts while an average of 67 metabolites were quantified in omalodu malts. The study accentuates the need to monitor mycotoxins in sorghum malts intended for brewing and to determine their fate in the beverages.
Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana
Authors: Pi-Bansa Sellase , Osei Joseph H. N. , Kartey-Attipoe Worlasi D. , Elhassan Elizabeth , Agyemang David , Otoo Sampson , Dadzie Samuel K. , Appawu Maxwell A. , Wilson Michael D. , Koudou Benjamin G. , de Souza Dziedzom K. , Utzinger Jürg , Boakye Daniel A.
Published: March 2019

Mass drug administration (MDA) is the current mainstay to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. To monitor whether MDA is effective and transmission of lymphatic filariasis indeed has been interrupted, rigorous surveillance is required. Assessment of transmission by programme managers is usually done via serology. New research suggests that xenomonitoring holds promise for determining the success of lymphatic filariasis interventions. The objective of this study was to assess Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes as a post-MDA surveillance tool using xenomonitoring. The study was carried out in four districts of Ghana; Ahanta West, Mpohor, Kassena Nankana West and Bongo. A suite of mosquito sampling methods was employed, including human landing collections, pyrethrum spray catches and window exit traps. Infection of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined using dissection, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction and loop mediated isothermal amplification assays. Aedes, Anopheles coustani, An. gambiae, An. pharoensis, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were sampled in each of the four study districts. The dissected mosquitoes were positive for filarial infection using molecular assays. Dissected An. melas mosquitoes from Ahanta West district were the only species found positive for filarial parasites. We conclude that whilst samples extracted with Trizol reagent did not show any positives, molecular methods should still be considered for monitoring and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis transmission.
Characterization of a Botybirnavirus Conferring Hypovirulence in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Zhai Lifeng , Yang Mengmeng , Zhang Meixin , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping
Published: March 2019

A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus was isolated and characterized from strain EW220 of the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. The full-length cDNAs of the dsRNAs were 6434 bp and 5986 bp in size, respectively. The largest dsRNA encodes a cap-pol fusion protein that contains a coat protein gene and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, and the second dsRNA encodes a hypothetical protein. Genome sequence analysis revealed that the sequences of the dsRNA virus shared 99% identity with Bipolaris maydis botybirnavirus 1(BmBRV1) isolated from the causal agent of corn southern leaf blight, Bipolaris maydis. Hence, the dsRNA virus constitutes a new strain of BmBRV1 and was named Bipolaris maydis botybirnavirus 1 strain BdEW220 (BmBRV1-BdEW220). BmBRV1-BdEW220 contains spherical virions that are 37 nm in diameter and consist of two dsRNA segments. The structural proteins of the BmBRV1-BdEW220 virus particles were 110 kDa, 90 kDa, and 80 kDa and were encoded by dsRNA1 and 2-ORFs. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that BmBRV1 and BmBRV1-BdEW220 are phylogenetically related to the genus Botybirnavirus. Importantly, BmBRV1-BdEW220 influences the growth of B. dothidea and confers hypovirulence to the fungal host. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a botybirnavirus in B. dothidea.
Assessment of Miscanthus Yield Potential from Strip-Mined Lands (SML) and Its Impacts on Stream Water Quality
Authors: Sahoo Kamalakanta , Milewski Adam M. , Mani Sudhagar , Hoghooghi Nahal , Panda Sudhanshu Sekhar
Published: March 2019

Strip-mined land (SML) disturbed by coal mining is a non-crop land resource that can be utilized to cultivate high-yielding energy crops such as miscanthus for bioenergy applications. However, the biomass yield potential, annual availability, and environmental impacts of growing energy crops in SML are less understood. In this study, we estimated the yield potential of miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) in SML and its environmental impacts on local streams using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). After calibration and validation of the SWAT model, the results demonstrated that miscanthus yield potentials were 2.6 (0.8−5.53), 10.0 (1.3−16.0), and 16.0 (1.34−26.0) Mg ha−1 with fertilizer application rates of 0, 100, and 200 kg-N ha−1, respectively. Furthermore, cultivation of miscanthus in SML has the potential to reduce sediment (~20%) and nitrate (2.5−10.0%) loads reaching water streams, with a marginal increase in phosphorus load. The available SML in the United States could produce about 10 to 16 dry Tg of biomass per year without negatively impacting the water quality. In conclusion, SML can provide a unique opportunity to produce biomass for bioenergy applications, while improving stream water quality in a highly dense mining area (the Appalachian region) in the United States.
Dominant Hydro-Climatic Drivers of Water Temperature, Salinity, and Flow Variability for the Large-Scale System of the Baltic Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Chen Yuanying , Vigouroux Guillaume , Bring Arvid , Cvetkovic Vladimir , Destouni Georgia
Published: March 2019

For the large-scale coastal wetland system of the Baltic Sea, this study develops a methodology for investigating if and to what degree the variability and changes in certain hydro-climatic drivers control key coastal–marine physical conditions. The studied physical conditions include: (a) water temperature, (b) water salinity, and (c) flow structures (magnitudes and directions of flows between marine basins and the associated coastal zones and wetlands). We use numerical simulations of three hydro-climatically distinct cases to investigate the variations in hydro-climatic drivers and the resulting physical conditions (a–c) among the cases. The studied hydro-climatic forcing variables are: net surface heat flux, wind conditions, saltwater influx from the North Sea, and freshwater runoff from land. For these variables, the available observation-based data show that the total runoff from land is significantly and positively correlated with precipitation on the sea itself, and negatively correlated with saltwater influx from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Overall, the physical condition (a–c) variability in the Baltic Sea and its coastal zones is found to be pairwise well-explained by simulation case differences as follows: (a) Net heat flux is a main control of sea water temperature. (b) Runoff from land, along with the correlated salt water influx from the North Sea, controls average sea salinity; with the variability of local river discharges shifting some coastal zones to deviate from the average sea condition. (c) Wind variability and change control the Baltic Sea flow structure, primarily in terms of flow magnitude and less so in terms of flow direction. For specific coastal wetland zones, considerable salinity differences from average Baltic Sea conditions (due to variability in local river discharges) are found for the coasts of Finland and Estonia, while the coastal wetland zones of south-eastern Sweden, and of Estonia and Latvia, emerge as particularly sensitive to wind shifts.
Multi-Objective Calibration of a Distributed Hydrological Model in a Highly Glacierized Watershed in Central Asia
Authors: Ji Huiping , Fang Gonghuan , Yang Jing , Chen Yaning
Published: March 2019

Understanding glacio-hydrological processes is crucial to water resources management, especially under increasing global warming. However, data scarcity makes it challenging to quantify the contribution of glacial melt to streamflow in highly glacierized catchments such as those in the Tienshan Mountains. This study aims to investigate the glacio-hydrological processes in the SaryDjaz-Kumaric River (SDKR) basin in Central Asia by integrating a degree-day glacier melt algorithm into the macro-scale hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. To deal with data scarcity in the alpine area, a multi-objective sensitivity analysis and a multi-objective calibration procedure were used to take advantage of all aspects of streamflow. Three objective functions, i.e., the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of logarithms (LogNS), the water balance index (WBI), and the mean absolute relative difference (MARD), were considered. Results show that glacier and snow melt-related parameters are generally sensitive to all three objective functions. Compared to the original SWAT model, simulations with a glacier module match fairly well to the observed streamflow, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS) and R2 approaching 0.82 and an absolute percentage bias less than 1%. Glacier melt contribution to runoff is 30–48% during the simulation period. The approach of combining multi-objective sensitivity analysis and optimization is an efficient way to identify important hydrological processes and recharge characteristics in highly glacierized catchments.
Maritime Spatial Planning in the European Union on the Example of the Polish Part of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bieda Agnieszka , Adamczyk Tomasz , Parzych Piotr
Published: March 2019

Spatial planning is an extremely powerful tool, which can be used for shaping the development of the largest spaces, including maritime space. In order to improve maritime management, the European Union decided to establish a framework in the form of a Directive to support planning processes in these areas. The result of the EU legislation will be land use plans, which will organize human activities in maritime areas in such a way as to meet environmental, economic and social objectives. The EU law applies to the Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic. However, since the internal regulations of individual EU countries differ from one another, the Polish part of the Baltic Sea was selected as an example. The conducted considerations include an analysis of the legal provisions that are to lead to the preparation of the above-mentioned plans. The research material includes both the provisions of the international and of the national laws. For the evaluation of the maritime spatial planning system, which is based on the above-mentioned research material, the SWOT/TOWS analysis has been used. This technique has been aimed at determining the directions of development of maritime spatial planning in Poland based on the current conditions of the spatial planning procedure for these areas as well as the future phenomena related to the implemented procedure for creating maritime area land use plans. It has been pointed out that maritime spatial planning should be carried out using the strengths of the current procedure and the external opportunities that would increase the importance of Polish maritime areas.
Use of Nanoparticles for the Disinfection of Desalinated Water
Authors: Al-Issai Laila , Elshorbagy Walid , Maraqa Munjed A. , Hamouda Mohamed , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: March 2019

When chemical disinfection is performed before or after desalination, a number of harmful compounds are formed. Thus, efforts have been directed toward developing alternative methods for water disinfection. In this study, seven nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated for disinfecting water produced from reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash desalination plants. The tested NPs were silver, copper, silver-copper, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, and carbon nanotubes. The antimicrobial activity of the NPs was investigated by batch studies in desalinated water samples spiked with E. coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Enterococci. The Chick-Watson model was fitted to the inactivation data to evaluate the kinetic constant for each combination of NPs, water type, and indicator bacteria. The results indicated that silver and silver-copper NPs have the highest disinfection efficiency among the tested NPs. Among the bacteria, Enterobacter (strain TPC129) appears to be the most inactivated, while Enterococci (strain NCTC775) seems to be the least influenced by the NPs. Variations in the chemical characteristics of the tested water samples appeared to cause noticeable differences in the antibacterial efficacies of copper and magnesium oxide NPs, but not in those of the other NPs.
AN APPLICATION OF INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO DOMAIN DISCIPLINES WITHIN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH
Authors: Chornyi Oleh
Published: March 2019

The main material is divided into two parts: the specificity of interdisciplinary research and the involvement of separate disciplines in the research process. Research in linguistics itself has a relation with several linguistic disciplines. So we state that we must be aware of a complex structure of linguistic knowledge and disciplines to which this knowledge belong to. If we will take only one perspective and one point of view our research will be poor and our conclusions would be insufficient. Using of interdisciplinary approach helps us to be well prepared to the specifics of linguistic research and to manage all problem parts and peculiarities of research.
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN THE CONCEPT OF LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Kyvliuk Olga
Published: March 2019

Non-formal continuous education, in our view, is formed on the basis of a person`s beliefs about the likely field of their professional activity and possible vectors of personal development in this field, or as a component of self-development, either self-education in self-realization and self-esteem increase or raising their own status, image and the like. The boundaries of this field, on the one hand, are determined by the level of development of the relevant science that is a theoretical and methodological basis of professional activities and relevant innovative experiences, and on the other hand – by the opportunities, inclinations, abilities, axiological and motivational and volitional component, character of an individual.
EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE IN THE SUBJECT FIELD OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
Authors: Terepyshchyi Serhii
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the educational landscape in the subject field of the philosophy of education. Characteristics that distinguish this concept from other ways of representing educational reality are described: plasticity, dynamism, anthropology, vitality, spatialily, compositionality, semanticity, symbolism, temporality, rhythmicity, polyscale, hybridity, contextuality, situationalcity. The general paradigm of studying the educational landscape as a social phenomenon is proposed. The three poles are shpown, around which the study of educational landscapes is centered: subjective ("individual"), intersubjective ("society"), symbolic ("culture").
EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY OF FORMATION SPIRITUALITY OF YOUTH DURING AN EPOCH INFORMATION- HIGHLYTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
Authors: Polischuk Natalia , Polischuk Vitaly
Published: March 2019

The traditional educational purposes of formation of spirituality require new reconsideration as natural, public and spiritual conditions of a life have changed. Insufficiency of philosophical-pedagogical paradigms concerning new mechanisms of development of culture, behaviour, spirituality and the responsibility of youth during prompt growth of information-highly technological progress is shown – or takes place noosphere the space-focused break in becoming high-grade it is highspiritual person with prospects of development of mankind, to its spiritual and public updatings or the society and cannot solve global crises of the present and avoid possible planetary-space accidents in the future. The proved essence noosphere the space-focused pedagogics which should be based on processes of training, education and developments of rising generations in spirit anthropocosmism and high spirituality and is called to form a comprehensive ideal image of the person of the future.
L’expertise alimentaire sous l’Ancien Régime : la contribution des maîtres pâtissiers toulousains
Authors: Candelon-Boudet Frédéric
Published: March 2019

Si la peur de manquer de vivres revêt un caractère obsessionnel dans les grands centres urbains à l’époque moderne, les scandales sanitaires liés à une nourriture défectueuse sont tout autant redoutés, même et peut-être surtout en période de disette. Garnir les boutiques et les étaux ne suffit donc pas. À Toulouse, les sources policières des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles nous enseignent que les magistrats de la ville mettent un point d’honneur à fournir à la cité des subsistances de qualité, à garantir leur fraîcheur, en ayant soin d’écarter des étalages les denrées nuisibles au corps humain. Cette démarche repose sur une expertise laissée en partie à la discrétion des maîtres pâtissiers traiteurs. Métier juré et respecté, la pâtisserie a su entretenir des relations étroites avec les pouvoirs publics. Alors que la demande en expertise peut apparaître comme source de tracas pour une communauté intervenant fréquemment dans l’urgence et sur simple injonction du capitoulat, celle-ci ne présente pas que des inconvénients. Elle offre aussi la possibilité au groupe d’asseoir sa position sur le marché des produits alimentaires. Si les pâtissiers toulousains ont nécessairement produit une expertise limitée et biaisée, cette activité a sans nul doute comblé un vide institutionnel et répondu à une forte attente sociale à Toulouse, la rendant incontournable aux yeux des contemporains.
L’âge d’or des grandes enquêtes agricoles : le XIXe siècle
Authors: Vivier Nadine
Published: March 2019

La edad de oro de las grandes encuestas agrícolas : el siglo XIX.

Las mismas encuestas agrícolas, aprovechadas durante largo tiempo por sus datos, vienen a ser objeto de estudio en un contexto de renuevo de interés por la historia del estado y de la opinión pública. Este artículo cuestiona los objetivos de la encuestas agrícolas del siglo XIX, basando esta reflexión en una visión a largo plazo y en los planteamientos de la historiografía actual. La índole de las encuestas y sus objetivos se transforman, partiendo de una búsqueda de datos con el fin de vigilar – en el siglo XVIII – luego de fomentar el desarrollo económico – en en siglo XIX – acaban siendo medios de conocer la opinión de los administrados. La publicidad en torno a ellas está en todo su apogeo con la ingente encuesta de 1866 antes de que se anuncie en las lindes del siglo XX un nuevo modelo de gestión gubernamental reservado a los peritos técnicos.
A Portrait of Ambition: Yu Zhiding’s Thatched Cottage at the Western Stream 志氣寫真: 以禹之鼎的《西溪草堂圖》為例的個案研究
Authors: Scheier-Dolberg Joseph
Published: March 2019

This article introduces Thatched Cottage at the Western Stream, one of the great surviving portraits of the Kangxi-period painter Yu Zhiding (ca. 1647–ca. 1716). Though the sitter’s identity has been lost over time, the painting remains an enlightening case study in the mechanics of Yu’s approach to art, which combined strikingly naturalistic portraiture with a broad knowledge of art history to merge men of his day with paintings of the past. After introducing the role of portraiture within the power dynamics of the Kangxi court, the article presents the story of Yu’s journey from a commoner’s birth near Yangzhou to the heights of power in Beijing. It then turns to a detailed discussion of Thatched Cottage, positing Yu’s use of historical styles as expressions of the ambitions of his patron, his historical moment, and indeed himself. The argument concludes with an attempt to determine the identity of the sitter through an investigation of Kangxi-period documents and other sources.
Monstres végétaux, plantes décoratives ou œuvres d’art ? Les arbres nains japonais à Paris (1873-1914)
Authors: Saint-raymond Léa
Published: March 2019

本 論 は 、 １８７３ 年 の ウ ィ ー ン 万 国 博 覧 会 以 降 、 日 本 の 盆 栽 が 社 会 − 経 済 的 、 科 学 的 、 芸 術 的 観 点 か ら ヨ ー ロ ッ パ に お い て ど の よ う に 受 容 さ れ た か を 検 討 す る 。 盆 栽 は 、 ま ず 園 芸 家 た ち を 驚 か せ た 。 彼 ら は そ れ を 奇 形 の 植 物 と 考 え た 。 ま た 、 貴 族 や 上 流 ブ ル ジ ョ ア ジ ー の 人 々 は 、 そ れ を 珍 重 し 、 手 に 入 れ た が っ た 。 そ の 後 、 大 阪 と ロ ン ド ン 、 パ リ を 結 ぶ 世 界 的 な 商 業 ネ ッ ト ワ ー ク が 出 現 し 、 パ リ の オ ー ク シ ョ ン ・ ハ ウ ス 、 オ テ ル ・ ド ゥ ル オ ー で は １９０２ 年 か ら １４ 年 に か け て １３ 回 、 盆 栽 の 公 開 オ ー ク シ ョ ン が 開 催 さ れ た 。 そ こ で は 、 主 催 者 た ち は こ の 装 飾 用 の 植 物 を 芸 術 品 と し て 売 り 出 そ う と し た 。 た だ 、 一 部 の フ ラ ン ス の 園 芸 家 た ち が 自 身 で 盆 栽 を 作 り 出 す こ と に 成 功 し た た め 、 マ ー ケ ッ ト と し て こ う し た 商 法 が 定 着 す る こ と は な か っ た 。 本 論 で は 、 こ の 「 境 界 線 上 の オ ブ ジ ェ 」 が 、 １８７３ 年 か ら １９１４ 年 ま で の 間 に ど の よ う に 受 容 さ れ た か を た ど る こ と を 試 み た 。
Relations entre les comportements contrastés de l'alumine et du fer dans la différenciation des séries tholéitique et calco-alcaline
Authors: Besson Maurice , Fonteilles Michel
Published: March 2019

The fundamental characteristics of the tholeitic and calc-alkaline magmatic series are briefly recalled, also hypotheses dealing with iron enrichment for the middle stage rocks of the tholeitic series. The behaviour of alumina and its relationship with iron during the differentiation process are analysed. The influence of water pressure is emphasized as a controlling factor directing the evolution of magmatic series towards the calc-alkaline trend. The Al₂O₃-F-M diagram gives a useful expression of the contrasted behaviour of these two types of magmatic series and of the corresponding accumulative rocks.
Clinopyroxènes des contacts acides-basiques
Authors: Maury René Charles , Bizouard Hélène
Published: March 2019

Progressive transitions from rhyolitic to basic glasses occur at the margins of partly fused acid xenoliths into a basanite. Microprobe analysis of the clinopyroxenes crystallized in these hybrid glasses provides informations on their chemical variations at constant pressure and temperature : when the activity of Si rises in the medium, the contents of CaTiAl₂O₆ and CaAl₂SiO₆ decrease in the pyroxenes.
Les trois phases pyroxéniques de la picrite de Zanaga (Congo-Brazzaville)
Authors: Pouclet André , Bizouard Hélène
Published: March 2019

Dans un faciès intermédiaire d'une intrusion de picrite fortement trempée à sa bordure, apparaissent trois phases pyroxéniques très différentes : une salite dans les inclusions semi-vitreuses des cristaux d'olivine et une augite en phénocristaux coexistant avec des microcristaux d'orthopyroxène.

L'apparition de salite est originale, le milieu inclus étant peu calcique et les conditions thermiques semblables à celles du milieu extérieur.

L'augite suit normalement la course de cristallisation du massif de picrite. L'orthopyroxène, formé dans un milieu riche en calcium, est liée au stade de refroidissement brutal lors de la trempe de la bordure de l'intrusion.
Rois et cités de Chypre : questions de territoires
Authors: Fourrier Sabine
Published: March 2019

Ancient sources on the territories of ancient Cypriot kingdoms are scarce. Besides, the archaeology of Iron Age Cyprus has usually concentrated on the exploration of major urban settlements. The spatial environment of the Cypriot poleis thus remains largely unknown. By addressing three main issues (the formation and evolution of the territories, the spatial organization of the kingdoms, and the relationships between kings and lands) and by setting the Cypriot case in its Mediterranean context, this contribution aims at shedding some light on the Cypriot Iron Age chorai.
Duplex Amathusia
Authors: Aupert Pierre
Published: March 2019

The “ duplex” character Catullus recognized in the Amathusian Aphrodite may be understood as an allusion to the ambiguity of love, or to the bisexual nature of the Cypriote goddess, or even, as documented by a recent discovery, to the presence of two distinct sanctuaries dedicated to Aphrodite, each with their own character and cult practices.
D’Aphrodite à Astarté Paphia
Authors: Ioannou Christina
Published: March 2019

The subject of this article focuses on Aphrodite, the deity that defines the academic journey of Professor Jacqueline Karageorghis. The task of this endeavor is to approach and analyze the different versions of the myths of Aphrodite, in relation to the figures surrounding her, as they are described in ancient sources, while trying to shed light not only on her origins, but also on the evolution of her presence in Cyprus, which justifies eventually her multidimensional and cosmopolitan existence that made her the perfect archetype of the civilization of Cyprus in antiquity.
Lieux de culte à Salamine à l’époque des royaumes
Authors: Fourrier Sabine
Published: March 2019

This article reviews the archaeological evidence attesting the existence of sanctuaries in Iron Age Salamis and in its vicinity. It also addresses some issues concerning the cult as well as the topography of the ancient city and especially of its periurban spaces.
The production and distribution of plank-shaped figurines in Middle Bronze Age Cyprus: the Role of Lapithos
Authors: Webb Jennifer M.
Published: March 2019

Les figurines plaquettes du Chypriote Moyen ont été étudiées jusqu’à présent en s’intéressant surtout à l’identité du ou des personnage(s) représenté(s), et à leur(s) fonction(s). Cette étude aborde la question du point de vue de leur manufacture et de leur distribution en les replaçant dans l’ensemble du corpus des figurines en Red Polished, notamment celles du site de Lapithos qui est probablement le centre à l’origine de cette production. Sans révéler qui ces figurines représentent ni quelle était leur fonction, cette approche suggère un usage rituel dans au moins quelques cas de contexte funéraire, et éclaire les changements de structures sociales au sein de la communauté qui les produites. L’habitat Chypriote Moyen de Lapithos semble avoir joué un rôle important pour les communautés de la côte nord de Chypre dans l’expression matérielle d’idées et de concepts symboliques à l’âge du Bronze.
Dromolaxia-Trypes revisited. Some new thoughts on an old fertility goddess
Authors: Lubsen-Admiraal Stella M.
Published: March 2019

Les nouvelles perspectives développées pour l’étude des figurines chypriotes de l’Âge du Bronze invitent à examiner à nouveau une figurine féminine découverte il y a de nombreuses années dans une tombe du Bronze Récent de Dromolaxia-Trypes. La découverte de ce type de figurine de terre cuite dans des contextes variés (tombes, habitats, sanctuaires) montre que ces figurines jouaient un rôle important dans la vie des gens et au moment de leur mort. Cela montre également que les gens qui les possédaient et les utilisaient entretenaient avec elles une relation étroite et que ces dernières remplissaient différentes fonctions.
Les multiples visages de la Grande Déesse à Kition. 1000 ans d’images (XIVe-IVe s. avant J.-C.)
Authors: Caubet Annie , Yon Marguerite
Published: March 2019

In her pioneer work of 1977, JK assembled the evidence for the existence of the cult of a female divine entity, so called Great Goddess, as seen in the artifacts of everyday life and the imagery depicted on these objects. Our paper, informed by a new understanding of cultural and political regional identity, takes the case of the coroplastic production in the area of Kition, from the Late Cypriote period to the Hellenistic times, in a survey of the historical and archaeological continuity over the longue durée, compatible with the integration of outside influences and new trends or techniques. Over this long period of time, the many different female terra cotta figurines from Kition give their many faces to the local concept of the Great Goddess.
Une tête féminine archaïque en terre cuite de Yialia (district de Paphos)
Authors: Raptou Eustathios
Published: March 2019

The terracotta female head presented here in honour of Jacqueline Karageorghis was found in Yialia, close to Polis Chrysochous, ancient Marion/ Arsinoe, where I excavated a sanctuary of a female divinity, apparently dedicated to the Great Goddess of the island. The head belongs to a medium size terracotta statue and can be dated stylistically to the late 7th/ early 6th century BC, which is the earliest phase in this cult place. The study of that figure, its manufacture and style, aims to contribute to filling the gap that exists in our knowledge concerning terracotta production and iconography in that particular area and to reopen the question on local styles and female figure representations in the west of the island.
De Fénelon à la Grande Déesse de Chypre. Souvenirs de Léon de Maricourt 1864-1865
Authors: Bonato Lucie
Published: March 2019

Léon de Maricourt, son of the consul of France in Larnaca, Louis Dumesnil de Maricourt (1862-1865), visited his family at the end of his studies in early October 1864 and remained on the island roughly two months where he began a collection of antiquities. After his departure in early 1865, his uncle Charles discovered the site of a sanctuary (traditionally known as the sanctuary of Artemis Paralia) on the north-eastern shore of the Salt Lake near ancient Kition. He collected a considerable number of terracottas which today are difficult to trace. A head from his collection is published here.
Baubo amulets around the Mediterranean. Some remarks
Authors: Beer Cecilia
Published: March 2019

Cet article discute le type de figurine dit Baubo en verre moulé, utilisé à Chypre comme pendentif-amulette. Le prototype en terre cuite de cette femme, représentée obèse et accroupie, probablement juste avant l’accouchement, est égyptien et très fréquent à l’époque ptolémaïque autour du Fayoum. À Chypre, on ne connaissait jusqu’ici qu’une seule figurine en terre cuite, mais une petite Baubo en verre a récemment été découuverte au Musée de Paphos. Un autre exemplaire en verre (venant peut-être de Chypre) au musée de Stockholm et d’autres spécimens inédits des musées de New York commencent à étoffer le corpus des Baubos en verre moulé, jusqu’ici extrêmement rares. Les fouilles montrent que les minuscules pendentifs – surtout bleus, verts, jaunes, blancs (H. ca 2 cm) – étaient diffusés sur les sites phénico-puniques depuis l’île d’Ibiza jusqu’au Levant, et même peut-être en Russie (mer Noire) et plus loin encore, en passant par Gouraya (Algérie) ou Meroë. On les date du début du ive à la fin du Ier s. av. J.-C.
An Early-Middle Cypriot Bronze Age zoomorphic figurine from Kissonerga-Skalia
Authors: Crewe Lindy
Published: March 2019

Le répertoire bien connu de la céramique figurée du Chypriote Ancien et Moyen inclut des figurines anthropomorphes et zoomorphes, et des scènes plastiques posées sur des récipients, provenant surtout de la côte nord et du centre de l’île. La plus grande partie vient de tombes, mais les fouilles d’établissements montrent que ces représentations avaient aussi un rôle à jouer auprès des vivants. Le site de Kissonerga-Skalia, premier établissement du Chypriote Ancien et Moyen fouillé dans l’ouest de l’île, commence à révéler que cette région a aussi participé à des systèmes symboliques plus larges. Cette contribution présente la première figurine de cette période provenant d’un contexte sûr de l’ouest de Chypre : un petit bovin à engobe rouge déposé à la base d’une construction de la transition Chypriote Moyen-Chypriote Récent. Nous l’offrons à Jacqueline Karageorghis avec affection et respect, pour sa gentillesse et son soutien pendant des années, et avec reconnaissance pour son importante contribution à l’archéologie des pratiques rituelles chypriotes.
La règle de la hiérarchie et l’organisation de la composition dans la sculpture monumentale de l’antiquité grecque
Authors: Delivorrias Angelos
Published: March 2019

Using as a starting point Hans Luschey΄s critical monograph on the relation

between left and right in the iconographical repertoire of ancient Greek art, in this paper I examine the strength of what could be called the canon of hierarchy. Drawing from different examples, I first reexamine a relief in Aegina (fig. 2), which allowed the identification of the sculptural type of the so-called Hera Borghese with the much discussed Polycleitus’ Aphrodite of Amyklai (fig. 1). Considering the Athena and Marsyas group by Myron (fig. 3), a bronze votive offering from Delphi (fig. 4) and other relevant works, I comment on the Pheidian Delphic group and the restoration of the east pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia. Thanks to the canon of hierarchy, I conclusively argue that the problem of the east pediment of the Parthenon can also be solved ; because the figure of the new-born Athena must have definitely been standing first on the left half of the triangular composition, namely in the most prestigious place on the right of her enthroned father.
La revitalisation des traditions et coutumes à Chypre, contributeurs majeurs du renforcement de l’identité culturelle
Authors: Rizopoulou-Egoumenidou Euphrosyne
Published: March 2019

The word tradition includes the meaning of transmission of ideas, skills and customs from one generation to the other. It incorporates expressions of cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. Tradition links the past with the present and the future. Following a description of the traditional rural life in Cyprus, the beliefs and values of its people, the paper refers to the customs and rites which have survived to this day, either in their original form or modified and/ or simplified. It then refers to the various efforts and measures taken for their revitalization. Customs and rites remain alive as long as their bearers feel them as a valuable part of their identity. In the last few decades, the need for the preservation and transmission of tradition developed as a reaction to globalization ; particularly in Cyprus it was also a resistance to the destruction of the cultural heritage of the island as a result of the Turkish invasion in 1974. Tradition is the bearer of cultural identity and its values can enrich modern life and make it more human.
La « puissance du coeur » de la métropole parisienne : l’apport d’une mesure de la ségrégation fonctionnelle des emplois
Authors: Bourdeau-Lepage Lise , Tovar Élisabeth
Published: March 2019

Cet article propose d’étudier la distribution de l’emploi en Île-de-France en plaçant les fonctions d’entreprise au coeur de l’analyse. Nous mobilisons d’une part des outils d’exploration spatiale des données géographiques et d’autre part des indicateurs de ségrégation urbaine. Nous mettons en évidence la nature hyper-mono-centrique de la distribution de l’emploi francilien et révélons par ailleurs le caractère asymétrique et ségrégé de la division fonctionnelle des emplois en l’Île-de-France en 2007. Ces résultats appellent des travaux futurs sur lien entre la différenciation spatiale et la ségrégation fonctionnelle des emplois et la richesse, la productivité et la place d’une ville dans l’économie globalisée. Ils questionnent également le rôle que pourrait jouer l’hyper-centralité fonctionnelle dans la compétition entre métropoles globales.
Discrimination résidentielle et origine ethnique : une étude expérimentale sur les serveurs en Île-de-France
Authors: Petit Pascale , Duguet Emmanuel , L'Horty Yannick
Published: March 2019

Nous avons effectué un testing afin de mesurer la discrimination d’accès à l’emploi des jeunes de banlieue parisienne en considérant à la fois leur origine et leur lieu de résidence. Nous mesurons simultanément les effets du lieu de résidence, de la nationalité et de la consonance du nom et du prénom, sur les chances d’obtenir un entretien d’embauche pour la profession de serveur. Premièrement, nous constatons une discrimination significative à l’encontre des candidats signalant une origine maghrébine. Deuxièmement, nous relevons une discrimination à l’encontre des candidats résidant dans des communes défavorisées, mais qui est plus importante pour les plus diplômés et ceux qui ont un nom ou un prénom français. Ces éléments contribuent à amplifier la ségrégation ethnique des quartiers.
Des modes de capture du carbone et de la compétitivité relative des énergies primaires
Authors: Amigues Jean-Pierre , Lafforgue Gilles , Moreaux Michel
Published: March 2019

Carbon CaptureMethods and Relative Competitiveness of Primary Energies.

We characterise the optimal exploitation paths of two primary energies (coal and solar) that supply the energy needs of two sectors. Sector 1 can reduce its carbon emissions at a reasonable cost thanks to a CCS device. Sector 2 has access only to air capture technology, but at a significantly higher cost. We assume that the atmospheric carbon stock cannot exceed a given ceiling. We showthat the optimal approach consists in, first, fully capturing sector-1 emissions before the ceiling is reached and, second, deploying air capture to partially abate sector-2 emissions. The optimal carbon tax should increase in the pre-ceiling phase then decline in stages to zero.