bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical distribution of two major quarantine fruit flies (Bactrocera minax Enderlein and Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) in Sichuan Basin based on four SDMs
Authors: Xia Yanli , Zhao Jinpeng , Ding Jian , Xu Ke , Zhou Xianjian , Xiang Mian , Xue Huiling , Wang Huan , Wang Rulin , Yang Yuxia
Published: January 2024

Both Bactrocera minax and Bactrocera dorsalis are phytophagous insects, and their larvae are latent feeders, which cause great damage and economic losses to agriculture production and trade. This study aimed to provide a scientific reference for researching and developing the feasible countermeasures against these two pests. Based on the distribution data of B. minax and B. dorsalis in China, obtained from the Chinese herbaria, investigation and literature. Four niche models (Garp, Bioclim, Domain, and Maxent) were used to analyze the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of both pests and to build prediction models of the potential distribution in Sichuan Basin. Combined with two statistical standards, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Kappa, the validity of prediction models were analyzed and compared. The results show that: the average AUC values of the four models are all above 0.90, and the average Kappa values are all above 0.75, indicating that the four models are suitable for predicting the potential distribution area of B. minax and B. dorsalis. The annual range of temperature, the mean temperature in the driest quarter, the mean temperature in the warmest quarter, the annual precipitation, and the precipitation in driest month are the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of B. minax, while the mean diurnal temperature range, the mean temperature in the driest quarter, the seasonal temperature variations and the precipitation in driest month affect the potential distribution of B. dorsalis. The suitable areas for B. minax are mainly concentrated in the eastern of Sichuan Basin, while the suitable areas for B. dorsalis are concentrated in the southeastern. Except for the Bioclim model, the highly-suitable area for both pests predicted by the other three models are all greater than 15.94 × 104 km2 and the moderately-suitable areas are greater than 13.57 × 104 km2. In conclusion, the suitable areas for both pests in Sichuan Basin are quite wide. Therefore, the relevant authorities should be given strengthened monitoring of both pests, especially in areas with high incursion rates.
A framework to analyze institutional systems for managing and governing water resources
Authors:   , Blanco Elisa
Published: January 2024

Garantizar el acceso al agua implica más que una cuestión de disponibilidad, sino también una cuestión de gestión y gobernanza. Si bien algunos sistemas hídricos han demostrado éxito en la gestión eficiente de sus escasos recursos, muchos enfrentan desafíos cuando se trata de organizar y coordinar la asignación y gestión sostenible de sus recursos. Para comprender los sistemas de recursos naturales, se han desarrollado los Principios de Diseño de Bienes Comunes, los Sistemas Socio-ecológicos (SES, por sus siglas en inglés) y el marco de Análisis y Desarrollo Institucional (Institutional Analysis and Development framework, IAD), todos ellos arraigados en teorías de acción colectiva. Estas teorías se han empleado para comprender las formas en que operan los sistemas institucionales complejos y los, a menudo, intrincados procesos de toma de decisiones que tienen lugar dentro de ellos. Al mismo tiempo, para establecer reglas y comprender los roles dentro de estos sistemas institucionales, se ha desarrollado la teoría del diseño de mecanismos. Estas teorías aún no se han adaptado completamente para incorporar las complejidades y la fragmentación inherentes a los marcos institucionales del agua. Por lo tanto, la presente tesis pretende contribuir al avance del conocimiento y la comprensión sobre la gestión de los sistemas socio-ecológicos hídricos. Aspira a comprender, desentrañar, analizar y aplicar estas teorías, hacia el análisis de los sistemas hídricos. Con ello, el objetivo es desarrollar un marco analítico que pueda estudiar y comprender mejor los sistemas socio-ecológicos del agua para mejorar sus instituciones y gobernanza. Al hacerlo, este trabajo busca ofrecer orientación a una audiencia amplia, incluidos usuarios del agua, investigadores, formuladores de políticas y autoridades responsables de diseñar políticas y proteger la sostenibilidad de los recursos hídricos.
Evidence of eruptive style transitions from a fossilised conduit on the flank of the Nevados de Chillán volcanic complex
Authors:   , Rojas Guzmán Flavia Jael
Published: January 2024

Las transiciones de estilos eruptivos son frecuentes en volcanes silíceos y una mejor comprensión de sus controles transicionales es necesaria para la prevención de riesgos. Ejemplos de erupciones híbridas donde se producen simultáneamente comportamientos eruptivos explosivos y efusivos han llevado a reexaminar los modelos de transiciones utilizados para comprender estos procesos complejos y poco conocidos. Los conductos fosilizados expuestos registran evidencias de procesos magmáticos y ofrecen una gran oportunidad para examinar estructuras y texturas relacionadas con estas transiciones. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender cómo interactúan y evolucionan las fases eruptivas efusivas y explosivas durante un mismo evento eruptivo y determinar el mecanismo principal que impulsa su transición. Para abordar este objetivo, se analiza un conducto de 2.5 m de ancho situado en el flanco SE del Complejo Volcánico Nevados de Chillán, Chile. Este conducto registra dominios bandeados, porosos y densos intercalados y yuxtapuestos. El trabajo se realizó combinando análisis texturales cualitativos y cuantitativos, mediciones de porosidad con picnómetro de helio y mediciones del contenido de agua total con espectroscopia de transformada de Fourier. Los resultados permitieron identificar cinco etapas principales en la evolución del conducto: (1) una fase explosiva en la que el conducto se rellena de material piroclástico, (2) un proceso cíclico de fragmentación y densificación dentro del conducto que genera la intercalación de los dominios porosos y densos, conduciendo a una fase híbrida explosiva-efusiva, (3) la formación de un tapón magmático denso que sella el conducto y deforma las vesículas y bandas, (4) la compactación del dominio piroclástico debido al ascenso del tapón generando una reducción de la porosidad (hasta un 4% en bandas densas), micropliegues, fiamme vítreos y una fase principalmente efusiva, y una etapa final (5) de relajación de las vesículas tras la densificación, devolviéndoles su forma regular, principalmente redondeada. Los resultados fueron comparados con otros conductos expuestos y examinados para proponer el modelo de evolución de conductos en erupciones de corta duración.
Social Media Use Practices of Three Big Sports Clubs in E-sports in Turkey: An Analysis on Twitter
Authors: SARI Emre
Published: January 2024

Teknolojik gelişmeler hemen hemen her alanı olduğu gibi sporu da etkilemiş ve dönüşüme uğratmış, spor faaliyetlerinde yeni dallar meydana getirmiştir. Dijitalleşmenin spor faaliyetlerinde ortaya çıkardığı yeni alanlardan biri de e-spordur.
Temeli video oyunlarına dayanmasına rağmen e-spor, internet tabanlı ve rekabetçi bir yapıda olması sebebiyle video oyunlarından ayrılmaktadır. Hızla gelişim gösteren e-spor alanı, profesyonel spor kulüplerinin de ilgisini çekmiş
ve kulüpler bu alana da yatırım yapmaya başlamıştır. Profesyonel spor kulüplerinin e-spor alanına dahil olmasıyla birlikte artan takipçi sayıları, spor kuruluşlarının iletişim faaliyetlerine de yansımış ve bu alana özel iletişim
kanalları oluşturulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de en fazla taraftar sayısına sahip olan üç spor kulübünün e-spor alanında Twitter’i bir iletişim aracı olarak kullanma pratiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma kapsamında
Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe ve Galatasaray'ın Twitter platformunda yer alan e-spor hesaplarındaki paylaşımları 1-31 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kulüplerin paylaşım sıklıkları, konu
dağılımları, etkileşim oranları ve Twitter özelliklerini kullanım pratikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda e-spor alanında Twitter’i fazla kullanan kulübün Beşiktaş olduğu, gönderi başına en fazla etkileşim alan kulübün ise
Galatasaray olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kulüplerin retweet ve mention gibi Twitter özelliklerini tercih etmedikleri, bunun yerine paylaşımlarında çoğunlukla hashtag ve emoji özelliklerini kullandıkları, multimedya
aracı olarak ise fotoğrafları tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Beşiktaş’ın farklı kuruluşlarla iş birliği gerçekleştiren tek kulüp olması ise araştırmanın dikkat çekici bulgularındandır.
Existence of Active Faults in Bingöl and Their Geographical Evaluation at Urban Scale
Authors: ŞIKOĞLU Emrah
Published: January 2024

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin Yukarı Fırat Bölümü’nde yer alan ve geçmiş dönemlerde bir köy olan Bingöl, 1935 yılında il statüsü kazandıktan sonra kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının inşasıyla birlikte hızlı bir gelişme sürecine girmiştir. Bingöl’de
kurulan ilk mahalleler; Bahçelievler ve Karşıyaka mahalleleridir. Bingöl, 2023 yılı itibariyle 14 mahalle ve 133.423 kişilik nüfusa sahip bir kenttir.Bingöl, kurulduğu alan itibariyle geçmişten günümüze birçok afetle karşı karşıya
kalmış yerleşmelerden biridir. Bu afetlerin başında ise deprem gelmektedir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda Bingöl şehir yerleşmesinin yakın çevresinde on adet aktif fay olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu faylardan bir tanesi ise kent
yerleşke alanın hemen güney batısından yerleşme alanına dahil olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın odak noktası kentle bütünleşen bu fay hattının geçtiği mahalleler olmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında MTA’dan alınan 1/25000 ölçekli sayısal
aktif fay haritası incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler CBS programları aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir.Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bilgilere göre fay hattının geçtiği güzergah üzerinde 125 adet yapı bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bu yapılardan bir cami (Bahçelievler Camii), bir okul (Bingöl Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi), bir sağlık kuruluşu (Bingöl Diş Sağlığı merkezi ve İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü) ve askeri alan içerisinde iki yapı bulunmaktadır, geri kalanlar ise
konuttur. Fay hattının üzerinden geçtiği ve konutların yoğun bir şekilde yayıldığı alan Bingöl Formasyonu olarak adlandırılan jeolojik birimin bulunduğu yere tekabül etmektedir. Bu formasyon kum, kil ve çakıl muhtevasından oluşmaktadır.
Kum, kil ve çakıllı araziler depremi büyütme kabiliyetine sahiptirler.Yukardaki bilgiler ışığında, şehrin yerleşim alanından geçen Sudüğünü Fayı’nın bulunduğu Bahçelievler, Yenişehir ve Yeşilyurt mahallelerinde acilen risk analizi
yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca kentin içinden geçen bu fayın konumunun net olarak belirlenmesi ve imar planı üzerine işlenmesi gerekmektedir.
Impact of Some Organic Additives on Physical and Chemical Properties Soil and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Yield Quality
Authors: Kamel Gihan H.
Published: January 2024

During 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 years, two-pot experiments were conducted in a clayey soil in Giza and a sandy one in Ismailia station of The Agricultural Research Center, Egypt .In these experiments, lettuce was fertilized using olive pomace ,vinasse and potassium humate (K-Humate) as partial potential substitutions for mineral fertilizers .Implications of these substitutes on growth lettuce growth parameters and its green yield as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil under study .The experiments was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the application of venase 50>k-humates 50> k-humates 100 are as subsequence of these rates improved physical and chemical properties of the investigated soil. addition of 50% olive and vinasse recorded the best mean values of all tested parameters and improved growth, which reflected on yield parameter.
Probabilistic Population Modeling with Interactions between Species
Authors: Ahangar Reza R.
Published: January 2024

The probabilistic population model with interactions between species will be developed. We use predator-prey interaction to come up with a system of probabilistic differential equations. By accepting a series of assumptions that may govern the environment, one can reach a variety of different models. In a special case we develop a system with predator’s rate of change instead of the natural birth and death processes. The mean probability of the population as a mathematical expectation is computed as a solution of the system using random parameters.
Pharmacodynamics of abciximab during angioplasty: Comparison to healthy subjects
Authors: Abernethy Darrell R. , Pezzullo John , Mascelli Mary A. , Frederick Bart , Kleiman Neal S. , Freedman Jane
Published: August 2002

Objectives

Our objectives were to compare and contrast abciximab concentration‐effect relationships in healthy volunteer participants with those in patients with coronary atherosclerosis undergoing elective coronary angioplasty. We also aimed to establish abciximab plasma concentrations associated with 80% inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Methods

Abciximab clearance and concentration‐effect relationships were determined from two separate clinical studies, one in 30 healthy subjects aged 21 to 66 years and the other in 32 patients aged 44 to 74 years before they underwent elective coronary angioplasty. After abciximab administration, abciximab plasma concentrations, platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor occupancy, and degree of inhibition of platelet aggregation in the presence of 5‐μmol/L and 20‐μmol/L adenosine diphosphate was determined. With an Emax (receptor occupancy) or inhibitory Emax (inhibition of platelet aggregation) model, abciximab concentrations required for 80% receptor occupancy and 80% inhibition of platelet aggregation were determined.

Results

Abciximab steady‐state clearance in healthy participants was 183 ± 72 ml/min (mean ± SD), and single‐dose clearance in patients undergoing angioplasty was 405 ± 240 ml/min (mean ± SD). Abciximab concentration required for 80% GP IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy was 35.2 ± 2.4 versus 72.8 ± 6.4 ng/ml in healthy participants versus patients (P < .01). Concentrations required for 80% inhibition of platelet aggregation stimulated by 5‐μmol/L adenosine diphosphate were 25.6 ± 1.6 versus 68.9 ± 9.2 ng/ml (P < .01). Similarly, the concentrations required for 80% inhibition of platelet aggregation stimulated by 20‐μmol/L adenosine diphosphate were 56.0 ± 3.2 versus 141 ± 16.8 ng/ml (P < .01).

Conclusion

Approximately 2‐fold greater abciximab exposure is required to achieve the same degree of GP IIb/IIIa occupancy and inhibition of platelet aggregation in patients undergoing angioplasty as compared with healthy participants. The difference between groups may be related either to different states of basal platelet activation or to the effect of heparin that patients received as part of the angioplasty procedure. A therapeutic concentration range for patients is 100 to 175 ng/ml, because this is the concentration consistent with >80% inhibition of platelet aggregation when 20‐μmol/L adenosine diphosphate is used as the aggregating stimulus.

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 71, 186–195; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.121775
The Internet and the Rise of the New Network Cities, 1969–1999
Authors: Townsend Anthony M
Published: August 2002

The recent rapid growth of the Internet has avoided scrutiny from urban planners as little information is available from which to assess its impacts on cities and regions. As a result, explanations of the relationship between telecommunications and urban growth are overly simplistic, forecasting either the centralization of decision-making in so-called ‘global’ cities or wholesale urban dissolution. Based on two measurements of Internet geography—domain name registrations and backbone networks—this study finds that access to advanced communications technologies have broadly diffused across a wide group of medium-sized and large-sized metropolitan areas. Finally, the implications of these findings suggest a need to rethink global cities and a practical need to address the growing divide between network cities and the rest of the urban world.
Location Trends for Foreign Direct Investment in East Central Europe
Authors: Turnock David
Published: August 2002

East European industry is making radical adjustments as a result of the transition to a market economy. After some four decades of centrally planned development geared to large-scale production for a relatively undemanding Comecon network, private domestic entrepreneurs now have access to a global market. But there are major constraints, notably through the difficulty in raising capital at sustainable rates of interest. Consequently foreign direct investment (FD1) is of crucial importance both for the restructuring of old industries and for the development of new projects with export potential. However, FD1 is highly uneven, both within and between countries, and it is important to consider the reasons for this discrimination. The author discusses the location decisions of foreign companies, especially with regard to the large urban centres which are attracting the bulk of the investment. Reference is made to urban entrepreneurialism, industrial estates and special fiscal regimes, infrastructure, and environmental quality. Although some cities are particularly well endowed, most have only limited strengths to highlight as trade-offs against deficiencies. The question therefore arises as to whether all cities and their regions can exploit their strengths—and make positive use of spatial unevenness—to restructure their industrial sectors and provide gateways into the rural areas. Here there are both positive and negative views. Optimists see good prospects over the longer term through overspill and ‘trickling down’ through East Central Europe and indeed the Confederation of Independent States, whereas pessimists doubt whether even the more successful cities can attract sufficient FD1 and generate enough indigenous small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) to eliminate unemployment and deliver growing prosperity.
Renewing the Geography of Regions
Authors: MacLeod Gordon , Jones Martin
Published: August 2002

Recent academic discourses pertaining to a ‘new regionalism’ in economic development and territorial representation, in parallel with the constitutional restructuring of certain nation-states, have done much to revive a widespread debate about regional change. Although cautiously welcoming this, the authors raise a concern that much contemporary reasoning has a tendency to conceal fundamental questions relating to political struggle and the contested social and cultural practices through which societies assume their regional shape. They contend that the geohistorical approach of Anssi Paasi, a distinguished proponent of the ‘new regional geography’, can help to unravel the culturally embedded institutionalisation of regions and thereby advance a meaningful understanding of regional change. Paasi's reconstructed geography of regions is then deployed to analyse a series of struggles to construct ‘the North’ as a fully institutionalised territory within the political and cultural landscape of Britain. The paper concludes with some thoughts on how to practice a re newed geography of regions in the hope of sparking a more imaginative regional cultural politics.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Attention to Facilitate Manual and Eye-Movement Responses
Authors: Tanaka Yasuto , Shimojo Shinsuke
Published: August 2002

Previous investigation found that the speed of saccadic eye movements is enhanced when a temporal interval (gap) is introduced between the disappearance of a foveal fixation mark and the appearance of a peripheral target (the gap paradigm). Attention was shown to be involved in the gap paradigm. Here, we investigated relevant temporal and spatial characteristics of attention, manipulating central fixation marks and peripheral targets. Results from three experiments indicate that (i) the speed of manual and eye-movement detection is accelerated when a fixation mark changes abruptly (in less than 100 ms) before its termination in the gap paradigm; (ii) the speed is further accelerated when a peripheral target location is pre-cued; (iii) sufficient time for fixation (1000 ms) is necessary for the facilitation. These results suggest that fast and transient attention at the fixation spot facilitates attentional disengagement process that urges a spatial-orienting mechanism. Sustained attention is required in the engagement process during the fixation.
Voluntary Saccadic Control in Dyslexia
Authors: Biscaldi Monica , Fischer Burkhart , Hartnegg Klaus
Published: August 2002

The role of eye-movement control in dyslexia is still unclear. Recent studies, however, confirmed that dyslexics show poor saccadic control in single and sequential target tasks. In the present study we investigated whether dyslexic subjects are impaired on an antisaccade task requiring saccades against the direction of a stimulus. Altogether, 620 subjects between the ages of 7 and 17 years were classified as dyslexics ( N = 506) or control subjects ( N = 114) on the grounds of the discrepancy between their intellectual abilities and reading/spelling achievements. All subjects performed an overlap prosaccade and a gap antisaccade task with 100 trials to each side of stimulation in random order. Variables analysed were the overall saccadic reaction time of both tasks; and from the antisaccade task the number of errors (prosaccades), the number of corrected errors, and the number of trials in which the subjects still failed to reach the side opposite the stimulus even after two saccades. An analysis of variance was carried out taking into account the development of saccadic behaviour with age and the differences between the groups. The results confirm development of saccade control with age, especially in the voluntary component (a frontal-lobe function) for both groups, but indicate that the antisaccade task performance, as measured by the error and the correction rate, is significantly worse in the dyslexic group at ages above 8 years. Up to 50% of the dyslexics performed the antisaccade task 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the controls.
Constructing Surfaces and Contours in Displays of Color from Motion: The Role of Nearest Neighbors and Maximal Disks
Authors: Fidopiastis Cali , Hoffman Donald D , Prophet William D , Singh Manish
Published: August 2002

Color-from-motion displays consist of a sparse array of dots which never move but change color according to various algorithms. Yet such displays can trigger human vision to construct apparent motion of a subjective surface which is uniformly colored and bounded by a subjective contour. We show that the perceptual strength of this construction depends on the density and regularity of dot placement. We studied three objective measures of density and regularity: nearest-neighbor distance, mean of maximal disks, and variance of maximal disks. We found that nearest-neighbor mechanisms alone are inadequate to account for the perceptual strength of the subjective surfaces and contours. Mechanisms sensitive to areal gaps provide a more adequate account.
On The Other Side of the Mean: The Perception of Dissimilarity in Human Faces
Authors: Blanz Volker , O'toole Al.ice J , Vetter Thomas , Wild Heather A
Published: August 2002

We created a ‘face space’ using a laser-scan representation of faces. In this space, a caricature can be made by moving a face away from the average face, along the line connecting the particular face to the average face. Here, we move the face along this line in the other direction, proceeding through the mean and ‘out the other side’. This results in a face that is ‘opposite’, in a computational sense, to the original face. We morphed several faces into their anti-faces and sampled the morph trajectory in five discrete steps. We then collected similarity ratings from human participants for all possible pairs of morphed faces to determine how the distances in the ‘physical face space’ related to the distances in the ‘psychological face space’. The data indicate that there is a perceptual discontinuity of face identity as the face crosses over to the ‘other side of the mean’. We consider these results in the context of face-space models of human face processing.
Featural and Configurational Processes in the Recognition of Faces of Different Familiarity
Authors: Collishaw Stephan M , Hole Graham J
Published: August 2002

Previous research suggests that face recognition may involve both configurational and piecemeal (featural) processing. To explore the relationship between these processing modes, we examined the patterns of recognition impairment produced by blurring, inversion, and scrambling, both singly and in various combinations. Two tasks were used: recognition of unfamiliar faces (seen once before) and recognition of highly familiar faces (celebrities). The results provide further support for a configurational–featural distinction. Recognition performance remained well above chance if faces were blurred, scrambled, inverted, or simultaneously inverted and scrambled: each of these manipulations disrupts either configurational or piecemeal processing, leaving the other mode available as a route to recognition. However, blurred/scrambled and blurred/inverted faces were recognised at or near chance levels, presumably because both configurational processing and featural processing were disrupted. Similar patterns of effects were found for both familiar and unfamiliar faces, suggesting that the relationship between configurational and featural processing is qualitatively similar in both cases.
The Perception and Recognition of Natural Object Shape from Deforming and Static Shadows
Authors: Norman J Farley , Dawson Thomas E , Raines Shane R
Published: August 2002

In this study of the informativeness of shadows for the perception of object shape, observers viewed shadows cast by a set of natural solid objects and were required to discriminate between them. In some conditions the objects underwent rotation in depth while in other conditions they remained stationary, thus producing both deforming and static shadows. The orientation of the light source casting the shadows was also varied, leading to further alterations in the shape of the shadows. When deformations in the shadow boundary were present, the observers were able to reliably recognize and discriminate between the objects, invariant over the shadow distortions produced by movements of the light source. The recognition performance for the static shadows depended critically upon the content of the specific views that were shown. These results support the idea that there are invariant features of shadow boundaries that permit the recognition of shape (cf Koenderink, 1984 Perception13 321–330).
Apparent Swinging Motion from a 2-D Sinusoidal Pattern
Authors: Khang Byung-Geun , Essock Edward A
Published: August 2002

A new motion illusion is reported that is observed on a 2-D sinusoidal pattern composed of two 1-D sinusoids, in which the constituent elements of the middle column appear to swing relative to the two flanking columns when the point of fixation is slowly moved back and forth about the middle column. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of the apparent swinging motion, the spatial properties of a 2-D sinusoidal pattern were examined in terms of spatial frequency, orientation, and contrast. Thirty-four subjects rated the magnitude of the motion. The apparent swinging was greatest when the two 1-D components had spatial frequencies of 1–2 cycles deg−1, relative orientations between 15° and 30°, and high contrasts. A spatiotemporal interaction between spatially overlapping visual units differing in polarity (Khang and Essock, 1997 Perception26 585–597, 831–846) and the resultant shift in the global-motion signal was proposed as a likely cause of the apparent swinging motion.
The Role of Attention in Motion Extrapolation: Are Moving Objects ‘Corrected’ or Flashed Objects Attentionally Delayed?
Authors: Khurana Beena , Watanabe Katsumi , Nijhawan Romi
Published: August 2002

Objects flashed in alignment with moving objects appear to lag behind [Nijhawan, 1994 Nature (London) 370 256–257], Could this ‘flash-lag’ effect be due to attentional delays in bringing flashed items to perceptual awareness [Titchener, 1908/1973 Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention first published 1908 (New York: Macmillan); reprinted 1973 (New York: Arno Press)]? We overtly manipulated attentional allocation in three experiments to address the following questions: Is the flash-lag effect affected when attention is (a) focused on a single event in the presence of multiple events, (b) distributed over multiple events, and (c) diverted from the flashed object? To address the first two questions, five rings, moving along a circular path, were presented while observers attentively tracked one or multiple rings under four conditions: the ring in which the disk was flashed was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from the set of five); location of the flashed disk was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from ten locations), The third question was investigated by using two moving objects in a cost – benefit cueing paradigm, An arrow cued, with 70% or 80% validity, the position of the flashed object, Observers performed two tasks: (a) reacted as quickly as possible to flash onset; (b) reported the flash-lag effect, We obtained a significant and unaltered flash-lag effect under all the attentional conditions we employed, Furthermore, though reaction times were significantly shorter for validly cued flashes, the flash-lag effect remained uninfluenced by cue validity, indicating that quicker responses to validly cued locations may be due to the shortening of post-perceptual delays in motor responses rather than the perceptual facilitation, We conclude that the computations that give rise to the flash-lag effect are independent of attentional deployment.
Large Errors in the Perception of Verticality are Generated by Luminance Borders (Integrated across Space) Not by Subjective Borders
Authors: Spinelli Donatella , Antonucci Gabriella , Martelli Maria Luisa , Zoccolotti Pierluigi
Published: August 2002

The rod-and-frame illusion shows large errors in the judgment of visual vertical in the dark if the frame is large and there are no other visible cues (Witkin and Asch, 1948 Journal of Experimental Psychology38 762–782). Three experiments were performed to investigate other characteristics of the frame critical for generating these large errors. In the first experiment, the illusion produced by an 11° tilted frame made by luminance borders (standard condition) was considerably larger than that produced by a subjective-contour frame. In the second experiment, with a 33° frame tilt, the illusion was in the direction of frame tilt with a luminance-border frame but in the opposite direction in the subjective-contour condition. In the third experiment, to contrast the role of local and global orientation, the sides of the frame were made of short separate luminous segments. The segments could be oriented in the same direction as the frame sides, in the opposite direction, or could be vertical. The orientation of the global frame dominated the illusion while local orientation produced much smaller effects.

Overall, to generate a large rod-and-frame illusion in the dark, the tilted frame must have luminance, not subjective, contours. Luminance borders do not need to be continuous: a frame made of sparse segments is also effective. The mechanism responsible for the large orientation illusion is driven by integrators of orientation across large areas, not by figural operators extracting shape orientation in the absence of oriented contours.
Visually Induced Reorientation Illusions
Authors: Howard Ian P , Hu Gang
Published: August 2002

It is known that rotation of a furnished room around the roll axis of erect subjects produces an illusion of 360° self-rotation in many subjects. Exposure of erect subjects to stationary tilted visual frames or rooms produces only up to 20° of illusory tilt. But, in studies using static tilted rooms, subjects remained erect and the body axis was not aligned with the room. We have revealed a new class of disorientation illusions that occur in many subjects when placed in a 90° or 180° tilted room containing polarised objects (familiar objects with tops and bottoms). For example, supine subjects looking up at a wall of the room feel upright in an upright room and their arms feel weightless when held out from the body. We call this the levitation illusion. We measured the incidence of 90° or 180° reorientation illusions in erect, supine, recumbent, and inverted subjects in a room tilted 90° or 180°. We report that reorientation illusions depend on the displacement of the visual scene rather than of the body. However, illusions are most likely to occur when the visual and body axes are congruent. When the axes are congruent, illusions are least likely to occur when subjects are prone rather than supine, recumbent, or inverted.
Classical and Inverted White's Effects
Authors: Ripamonti Caterina , Gerbino Walter
Published: August 2002

In classical White's effect, intermediate-luminance targets appear lighter when they interrupt the dark stripes of a grating and darker when they interrupt the light stripes. The effect is reversed when targets are of double-increment or double-decrement luminance, relative to the luminances of grating stripes. To find a common explanation for classical and inverted effects, we ran two experiments. In experiment 1, we utilised intermediate-target displays to show that perceived transparency dominates over occlusion only when the target luminance is close to the luminances of top regions. This result weakens transparency-based accounts of White's effect. In experiment 2, we varied grating contrast and target luminance to measure the classical effect in seven intermediate-target cases, as well as the inverted effect in four double-increment and four double-decrement cases. Both types of effect are explained by a common model, based on assimilation to the top region and contrast with the interrupted region, weighted by adjacency along the luminance continuum.
Categorical Perception of Facial Expressions by 7-Month-Old Infants
Authors: Kotsoni Eleni , de Haan Michelle , Johnson Mark H
Published: August 2002

Recent research indicates that adults show categorical perception of facial expressions of emotion. It is not known whether this is a basic characteristic of perception that is present from the earliest weeks of life, or whether it is one that emerges more gradually with experience in perceiving and interpreting expressions. We report two experiments designed to investigate whether young infants, like adults, show categorical perception of facial expressions. 7-month-old infants were shown photographic quality continua of interpolated (morphed) facial expressions derived from two prototypes of fear and happiness. In the first experiment, we used a visual-preference technique to identify the infants' category boundary between happiness and fear. In the second experiment, we used a combined familiarisation – visual-preference technique to compare infants' discrimination of pairs of expressions that were equally physically different but that did or did not cross the emotion-category boundary. The results suggest that 7-month-old infants (i) show evidence of categorical perception of facial expressions of emotion, and (ii) show persistent interest in looking at fearful expressions.
On the use of the Ternus Test to Assess Magnocellular Function
Authors: Skottun Bernt C
Published: August 2002

Ternus stimuli give rise to two mutually exclusive visual experiences: with long interstimulus intervals (ISIs) the elements in the stimulus are perceived as moving together as a group (‘group movement’), while at shorter ISIs only a single element appears to be moving (‘element movement’ or ‘end-to-end movement’). It has been hypothesized that group and element movements, respectively, reflect magnocellular and parvocellular activity. On this basis, Ternus tests have been used to assess magnocellular function in dyslexic individuals. This use of Ternus stimuli is examined in the present report. On the basis of amplitude spectra of the stimuli and of a review of previous studies it is concluded that to use Ternus tests to assess magnocellular function is problematic.
Tracing sperm acrosome differentiation in the testis and maturation in the epididymis of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) with a 45-kDa acrosome-membrane-associated protein
Authors: Zhang Xiyi , Lin Minjie
Published: August 2002

A 45-kDa protein was originally extracted from a depression, where the
acrosome is lodged, on the anterior end of the sperm nucleus of ejaculated
wallaby spermatozoa. Using immunofluorescent and confocal microscopes, this
study demonstrates that the 45-kDa protein is persistently localized to the
sperm acrosome throughout the periods of spermiogenesis, spermiation,
epididymal maturation and ejaculation in the tammar wallaby. The distribution
of the 45-kDa protein is always on the perimeter of the acrosome and
associated with the acrosomal membrane, so that changes in the shape of the
45-kDa immunofluorescent labelling mirror changes in the shape of the acrosome
during its differentiation in the testis and epididymis. Thus, the 45-kDa
protein may be used as a molecular marker to study the marsupial acrosome
differentiation and to chart the events of testicular and epididymal
maturation of the spermatozoa. Furthermore, the behaviour of the 45-kDa
protein during the immunostaining process suggests that this protein is a
largely insoluble and detergent-resistant protein and may play an important
role in attachment of the acrosome to the nucleus during sperm formation,
similar to those inner acrosomal-membrane-associated proteins that have been
reported in eutherian spermatozoa.
Two new species of Dacrydium (Podocarpaceae) based on vegetative fossils from middle eocene sediments at Nelly Creek, South Australia
Authors: Hill Robert S. , Christophel David C.
Published: August 2002

Two new macrofossil species of Dacrydium
(Podocarpaceae), D. fimbriatus (with dimorphic foliage)
and D. mucronatus, are described from Middle Eocene
sediments at Nelly Creek just south of Lake Eyre South. These species extend
the number of Dacrydium macrofossil species from four to
six, the macrofossil range from south-eastern to central Australia and the
earliest macrofossil record of the genus from the Early Oligocene to Middle
Eocene. On the basis of the low numbers and poor development of epiphyllous
germlings, these species were probably growing in a region where water
availability was reduced compared with Paleogene sites in south-eastern
Australia, but the morphology of the foliage does not reflect that.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Melaleuca, Callistemon and related genera (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Brown Gillian K. , Udovicic Frank , Ladiges Pauline Y.
Published: August 2002

To resolve the relationships of taxa within the
Beaufortia suballiance (Myrtaceae), 72 ingroup taxa were
analysed by parsimony methods and nrDNA sequence data from the 5S and ITS-1
ribosomal DNA spacer regions.
Although basal nodes in the consensus tree (combined data set) are not
supported by bootstrap or jackknife values, a number of clades are well
supported, showing that Melaleuca is polyphyletic.
Monophyletic groups include: endemic species of
Melaleuca from New Caledonia (including species of
Callistemon recently transferred to
Melaleuca); the tropical Melaleuca
leucadendra group; Australian species of Callistemon,
which relate to species of Melaleuca predominantly from
the South-East; and a group of south-western and eastern Australian melaleucas
that relate to a clade of three south-western genera,
Eremaea, Conothamnus and
Phymatocarpus. Calothamnus,
Regeliaand Beaufortiamay also
relate to this latter group. Lamarchea is possibly
related to northern melaleucas. The results have implications for generic
revisions of the large genus Melaleuca.
Biogeographic subtree analysis, based only on supported nodes of the taxon
cladogram, showed New Caledonia, New Guinea, Eastern Queensland and the
Northern Desert unresolved at the base of the area cladogram. The position of
some of these areas is likely to be artifactual, but New Caledonia is
interpreted as in the correct position. At a higher node, the monsoonal
northern areas of Australia (Kimberley, Arnhem and Cape York), Atherton, the
Pilbara and Western Desert relate to the southern regions, which form a group.
The South-West of Australia is related to Eyre and Adelaide (designated area
‘South’) and Tasmania is related to the South-East and
MacPherson–Macleay. The vicariance between northern and southern regions
in Australia possibly relates to an early major climatic change (from the
Early Tertiary). The biogeographic analysis helped illuminate taxon
relationships.
The phylogenetic and taxonomic position of Lilaeopsis (Apiaceae), with notes on the applicability of ITS sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction
Authors: Petersen Gitte , Seberg Ole , Larsen Sidsel
Published: August 2002

The relationships of the genusLilaeopsis Greene have
been difficult to determine primarily due to its simple morphology with
entire, linear to spathulate leaves, simple umbels and lack of carpophore.
Consequently, the genus has been referred to both Hydrocotyloideae and
Apioideae. DNA sequence data from different genes (rbcL
and matK) and non-coding regions
(rpoC1 intron and ITS) were explored in order to
determine the phylogenetic relationships of Lilaeopsis.
Separate and combined analyses of rpoC1 intron,
rbcL and matK data give almost
congruent results with respect to a clade including
Lilaeopsis. The three species of
Lilaeopsis included in the analyses form a monophyletic
group within the Oenanthe clade and hence belong to the
Apioideae. Presently, the Mexican genus Neogoezia Hemsl.
is considered its most likely sister group. Optimisation alignment of the ITS
sequence data results in widely different phylogenetic hypotheses, but on the
basis of congruence tests, two very similar trees can be selected. These trees
are, however, incongruent with the trees obtained from analyses of the
chloroplast sequences. As alignment of the ITS sequences is problematic even
within the Oenanthe clade, the reliability of
phylogenies on the basis of ITS data of higher taxonomic levels in the
Apiaceae is questioned. However, for phylogenetic analysis within
Lilaeopsis ITS sequences may prove useful and
unproblematic.
FIRST-CLASS CONTEXTS IN ML
Authors: HASHIMOTO MASATOMO
Published: August 2002

This paper develops an ML-style programming language with first-class contexts i.e. expressions with holes. The crucial operation for contexts is hole-filling. Filling a hole with an expression has the effect of dynamic binding or macro expansion which provides the advanced feature of manipulating open program fragments. Such mechanisms are useful in many systems including distributed/mobile programming and program modules. If we can treat a context as a first-class citizen in a programming language, then we can manipulate open program fragments in a flexible and seamless manner. A possibility of such a programming language was shown by the theory of simply typed context calculus developed by Hashimoto and Ohori. This paper extends the simply typed system of the context calculus to an ML-style polymorphic type system, and gives an operational semantics and a sound and complete type inference algorithm.
ON FORMAL QUASI-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR A TWO-LEVEL SYSTEM WITH A HAMILTONIAN DEPENDING QUASI–PERIODICALLY ON TIME
Authors: BARATA JOÃO C. A.
Published: August 2002

We consider the Schrödinger equation for a class of two-level atoms in a quasi-periodic external field for large coupling, i.e. for which the energy difference 2∊ between the unperturbed levels is sufficiently small. We show that this equation has a solution in terms of a formal power series in ∊, with coefficients which are quasi-periodical functions of the time, in analogy to the Lindstedt–Poincaré series in classical mechanics.
ABSTRACT LINK DIAGRAMS AND VIRTUAL KNOTS
Authors: KAMADA Naoko , KAMADA Seiichi
Published: August 2002

The notion of an abstract link diagram is re-introduced with a relationship with Kauffman's virtual knot theory. It is prove that there is a bijection from the equivalence classes of virtual link diagrams to those of abstract link diagrams. Using abstract link diagrams, we have a geometric interpretation of the group and the quandle of a virtual knot. A generalization to higher dimensional cases is introduced, and the state-sum invariants are treated.
FRACTURE OF HAMATE HOOK — DIAGNOSIS BY THE HAMATE HOOK LATERAL VIEW
Authors: Akahane M. , Ono H. , Sada M. , Saitoh M.
Published: August 2002

Ten intact wrist joints were examined to evaluate the hamate hook visualisation by a hamate hook lateral radiographic view. Results of the study indicated that this 30°-tilted lateral wrist radiographic projection with palmar abduction of the thumb clearly revealed the hamate hook from its base to the tip in the first web space away from the metacarpal bases and carpal bones. This radiographic technique was applied on patients who experienced pain at the hypothenar eminence. Fracture can be detected at the hamate hook in two cases and bilateral bipartite hamulus in one case. This specific supplementary projection is recommended in patients with the relevant physical signs.
GENERATING VERSIONING FACILITIES FOR A DESIGN-DATA REPOSITORY SUPPORTING COOPERATIVE APPLICATIONS
Authors: HÄRDER THEO , MAHNKE WOLFGANG , RITTER NORBERT , STEIERT HANS-PETER
Published: August 2002

Nowadays the complexity of design processes, no matter which design domain (CAD, software engineering, etc.) they belong to, requires system support by means of so-called repositories. Repositories help managing design artifacts by offering adequate storage and manipulation services. Some of the most important features of a repository are version management and activity management. Versioning comprises the specification, storage, and maintenance of versioned design objects whereas activity management is responsible for cooperation control, designflow management and management of design transactions processing versioned design objects. Regarding these issues (version and activity management) repository technology, as we think, should not only provide pre-defined services, but should be flexible enough to reflect different application needs. For that reason, we propose to provide repository managers by generic methods, i.e. by generating the corresponding functionality. In this paper, we consider a representative cooperation model, which is based on versioning services, in order to identify the major data manipulation and activity control needs of cooperative design applications. We will focus on the data manipulation needs by introducing our generative approach for customizing versioning facilities. Additionally, we will outline our ideas of applying a generative approach also for the provision of tailored activity control services. Thus, the paper wants to show that by exploiting generic methods and reuse as well as the extensibility properties of new object-relational database technology, repository managers can be flexibly tailored to special application needs and, thereby, applications do not have to be forced to deal with systems only providing pre-defined services.