bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECOMENDACIONES EN NUTRICIÓN, DIETA Y SALUD BUCAL PARA LOS NIÑOS
Authors: Alvear María Cristina
Published: June 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo de opinión es presentar las recomendaciones de los expertos respecto a la nutrición y dieta adecuada para la salud bucal de los niños. Se tocan temas como la dieta sana para los dientes, la pirámide alimenticia, las recomendaciones de la Académica Americana de Odontopediatria respecto al asesoramiento y orientación a los padres respecto a cuidados dietéticos y de higiene oral para los lactantes y niños. Finalmente se sistematiza una serie de recomendaciones para los padres respecto al cuidado dental de los niños, basado en evidencia científica.
DENTAL HYGIENISTS AS ESSENTIAL MEMBERS OF THE HEALTH CARE TEAM
Authors: Juhl Jacqueline
Published: June 2019

Despite the advances in dental sciences, innovative oral health programs, and efforts dedicated by oral health professionals,globally, unmet oral disease, and the economic loss it causes, is growing. In the present, oral health care delivery systemsurgently need improvement. The introduction of dental hygienists as essential members of the health care team can contributeto improved and cost-effective health care outcomes. This paper provides definitions of dental hygienists from both, aninternational and the United States (U.S.) and describes their education, functions, and contributions to the health care team.
ESPACIO LIBRE INTEROCLUSAL EN LAS MORDIDAS PROFUNDAS: POSIBILIDAD DE EXTRUSIÓN DE LOS SECTORES POSTERIORES
Authors: Obando Alonso
Published: June 2019

Los problemas verticales en las desarmonías dentomaxilares son muy comunes, la mordida profunda como característica de la clase II 2da división podría resolverse comprendiendo el problema en otra perspectiva, inmiscuyendo en el tratamiento otro tipo de opciones que la mera intrusión de los sectores anteriores. La participación de dispositivos como placas de levante posterior ayudan a modiﬁcar el plano oclusal, tratando las curvas de la oclusión, modiﬁcando el engrama muscular del paciente. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre las posibles causas de la mordida profunda y la inﬂuencia de las placas de levante lateral en el Espacio libre interoclusal como característica individual especiﬁca de la clase II 2da división. El uso de las placas de levante lateral traslada principios de la ortopedia funcional de los maxilares a la ortodoncia, modiﬁcación del plano oclusal, propiciando la erupción pasiva de sectores posteriores, creando una nueva relación sagital en el sector anterior.
EL TAMAÑO MUESTRAL PARA LA TESIS.¿CUÁNTAS PERSONAS DEBO ENCUESTAR?
Authors: Villavicencio Caparó Ebingen
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo es una recopilación de los apuntes de la materia de investigación o bioestadística y de conferenciasdictadas en latinoamérica. Al realizar una investigación científica uno de los principales factores que se debe tomar en cuentaes plantearse la interrogante de ¿Cuántas unidades de estudio se necesitarán para la realización del proyecto?, esta preguntaviene ligada a una segunda interrogante ¿Cómo calcular dicho tamaño de muestra?. El presente artículo de contribucióndidáctica docente pretende ser una guía con el fin de que los investigadores puedan tener un texto de referencia rápida parasuperar esta fase de la planificación de un estudio.
ÍNDICE DE CPOD Y NECESIDAD DE TRATAMIENTO PROTÉSICO EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA CHIQUINTAD
Authors: Pacheco-Arce María Gabriela
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de la necesidad de tratamiento protésico y la frecuencia del índice CPOD en lospacientes adultos mayores de la parroquia de Chiquintad, Cuenca-Ecuador 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizóun estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, la muestra estuvo formada por 400 adultos mayores de los cuales quedaron excluidos23 personas que no aceptaron el estudio teniendo una población de 377 personas adultas mayores con un rango de edadde 65 años a 106 años, quienes fueron evaluados clínicamente, mediante un cuestionario de la Organización Mundial de laSalud. RESULTADOS: Se determinó que la población evaluada es edéntula total, con un total de 302 pacientes (80,10 %) yedéntula parcial con un total de 75 pacientes (19,89 %). La frecuencia de la necesidad de tratamiento protésico, es alta en elsexo femenino con un 75 %, al igual que el sexo masculino con un 65% representando una necesidad de prótesis total. Lafrecuencia del índice CPOD es de 13,87 en personas edéntulas parciales. CONCLUSIONES: La población evaluada fue de377 adultos mayores, los cuales presentan edentulismo total en un 80,10%y parcial en un 19,89 %, la necesidad de tratamientoprotésico es necesaria en 302 personas de la población adulta mayor, las 75 personas restantes no lo requieren. Mediante elíndice de diagnóstico de piezas cariadas, perdidas y obturadas (CPOD), se encontró una mayor frecuencia de piezas pérdidascon 10,69 tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
PROPUESTA
Authors: Sanchez Rene
Published: June 2019

Proponer un manual de intervención para las emergencias médico- odontológicas más frecuentes en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión bibliográﬁca e investigación de campo, acerca de las emergencias médico-odontológicas que se pueden presentar con mayor frecuencia dentro de la consulta en odontología. Desarrollando esta investigación en la modalidad cualitativa y cuantitativa, ya que se presenta la información mediante un análisis para interpretar datos, haciendo el uso de tablas estadísticas en el análisis de encuestas para la obtención de resultados. RESULTADOS: De las emergencias presentadas en la consulta odontológica, la más frecuente, es la Lipotimia con un 53%, seguida del shock Hipoglicèmico 25%, la crisis hipertensiva y las crisis inducidas con anestésicos locales con un 8%.
Why Governments Should Invest More in Fundamental Research
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venki , Alsari Mejd
Published: June 2019

Venkatraman ‘Venki’ Ramakrishnan is the President of The Royal Society and Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. In 2009 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ‘for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome’. In this interview he explains why governments should invest more in basic scientific research rather than simply on applied science and engineering. He also discusses interdisciplinarity, collaborations, and public engagement.
Grammar-Translation and Direct Methods in Teaching English in the Educational Institution with Specific Conditions of Study
Authors: B. Shenderuk Olena , L. Tamarkina Olha , P. Pernarivska Tetiana
Published: June 2019

Knowledge of foreign languages to a great extent depends on a teacher’s methods and methodological approaches. Among the number of certain methods we choose grammar-translation and direct methods. In spite of the fact that these methods were popular last century, they are still widely used nowadays. The usage of them presented their fundamental advantages and some disadvantages, used in our practice. This paper was written on the basis of theoretical aspects’ research of the problem, on analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and on personal experience of teaching English during nearly one year in Chernihiv Academy of the State Penitentiary Service (Ukraine). During this period of time we were observing the problem of teaching English with the help of grammar-translation and direct methods by the students and cadets who were taught with the help of these methods. Studying the problem of grammar-translation and direct methods in teaching English is acute because of increasing role of English, on the one side, and demands which are promoted to future law specialists, on the other hand. The significance of this issue arises in detection of peculiarities in teaching English in the educational institution with specific conditions of study. Solving this problem with the help of differentiated approach to teaching English to students and cadets facilitates high qualitative changes. Novelty is in applying famous methods such as grammar- translation and direct methods in the new surroundings. The results of our work were described and compared in this paper. The findings revealed the implementation of the mentioned methods in the high institution with specific conditions of studying. The described methods can be admitted by other foreign language teachers. However, we reached a conclusion that the mentioned methods may be modified.
Application of Aquatic Plants Bokashi on The Growth and Yields of Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Surawijaya Panji , Melhanah Melhanah , Anwar Mochammad , Chotimah Hastin Ernawati Nur Chusnul , Raudah Raudah
Published: June 2019

The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of both type and dosage of aquatic plants bokashi on the growth and yield of red onion in alluvial soil. The research design used was Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely type and the dose of aquatic plants bokashi. The first factor consisted of three types of bokashi, i.e., giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), respectively. The second factor were four levels of bokashi dosage which were 0 tons ha-1, 10 tons ha-1 (0.2 kg/polybag), 20 tons ha-1 (0.5 kg/polybag) and 30 tons ha-1 (0.8 kg/polybag). The study was conducted from March to May 2017, located in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya. The results showed that there was no interaction between the type and dose of bokashi on all variables observed. The dosage of bokashi affected plant height, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of biomass per clump, dry weight of bulbs and tuber diameter, but did not significantly affect the number of bulbs. The bokashi type did not significantly affect all observed variables. However, the water hyacinth bokashi tended to be better than other treatments
Language, Kingship, and Nation: The Ambiguous Politics of Ehmedê Xanî's Mem û Zîn
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel
Published: June 2019

In this article, I argue that discussions of whether any Kurdish nationalism may be found in Xanî’s Mem û Zîn proceed from rather anachronistic assumptions. Through an exploration of the language ideology found in this work, I demonstrate that the work’s mystical meaning interacts in rather complex ways with its political views. In particular, the king or prince plays a crucial, if ambiguous, political, linguistic, and eschatological role in the poem. Thus, Mem û Zîn may be read as a specimen of vernacularisation rather than romantic nationalism.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJINetewe, Padişahî, û Ziman: Siyaseta xumam di Mem û Zîna Ehmedê Xanî deDi vê gotarê de, îddiaya min ew e ku nîqaşa li ser pirsa hebûna netewegeriya kurdî di Mem û Zîna Xanî de ji pêşferzên pir anakronîstîk têne pêş. Bi rêya veçirandina îdeolojiya zimanî ya di vê berhemê de, ez nîşan didim ku wateya sofîgerane ya berhemê bi çendîn awayan di bîr û boçûnên siyasî de rengê xwe vedibîne. Bi taybetî, padişah an jî mîr roleke -herçend xumam jî be- bingehîn a siyasî, zimanî, û axretî digêre di berhemê de. Wisa jî, Mem û Zîn dibe wek nimûneyeke edebî ya bikaranîn û berbelavkirina zimanê xwemalî (vernacularisation) bê dîtin, ne ya netewegeriyeke romantîk.ABSTRACT IN SORANINetewe, paşayetî û ziman: Siyasetî narrûnî Mem û Zînekey Eḧmedî XanîLem babeteda, min argumêntî ewe dekem ke giftugoy ewey ke aya hîç core nasyûnalîzmêkî kurdî lenaw Mem û Zînî Xanîda heye le grîmaney enekronîstî (mufareqey zemenîyewe) serçawe degrêt. Le miyaney kinekirdinî aydiyolojyay zimanî naw ew berhemey Xanî, min ewe pîşan dedem ke manay mîtolojyayî berhemeke be şêwazêkî alloz karlêk legell cîhanbînîye siyasîyekeyda deken. Betaybetî, padşa yan mîr, eger be narrûnîş bêt, rollêkî serekîy siyasî, zimanewanî we axîretî (îsketolojî) le şî'rekanî da debînêt. Bemcore, Mem û Zîn dekrêt wek nimûney 'ewamgerayîy zimanî (vernacularisation) nek wek nasyûnalîzmî romansî bibînrêt.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKINetewe, Mîreyîye û Ziwan: Polîtîkayê zafmanîdarî yê Mem û Zîna Ehmedê XanîNa meqale de ez îdîa kena ke munaqeşeyê “Tirêm eserê Xanî Mem û Zîne de rêçê neteweperwerîye yenê dîyene yan ney?” hîna zaf hîpotezanê anakronîkan ra yenê pêra. Pê kefşkerdişê îdeolojîya ziwanî ya nê eserî, ez nîşan dana ke manaya eserî ya mîstîke hîna zaf bi hewayêko kompleks tesîr kena fikranê ey ê sîyasîyan ser o. Bitaybetî qiral yan kî mîre şîîre de rolêko sîyasîyo ziwannaskîyo eskatolojîko muhîm la nedîyar kay keno. Coka merdim şeno Mem û Zîne sey neteweperwerîya romantîke ney, la hîna zaf sey nimûneyê pêroyîkerdişê ziwanî biwano
Highly Porous and Nutrients-Rich Biochar Derived from Dairy Cattle Manure and Its Potential for Removal of Cationic Compound from Water
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien , Hsu Chien-Hung , Lin Yu-Quan
Published: June 2019

The use of biochar in the horticulture and crop fields is a recent method to improve soil fertility due to its porous features and rich nutrients. In the present study, dairy manure (DM) was used as a biomass precursor in the preparation of highly porous biochar (DM-BC) produced at specific conditions. Based on N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the resulting biochar featured its microporous/mesoporous textures with a BET surface area of about 300 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.185 cm3/g, which could be a low-cost biosorbent for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution. As observed by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the primary inorganic nutrients on the surface of DM-BC included calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al). Furthermore, the resulting biochar was investigated in duplicate for its biosorption performance of cationic compound (i.e., methylene blue, MB) from the aqueous solution with various initial MB concentrations and DM-BC dosages at 25 °C. The findings showed that the biosorption kinetic parameters fitted by the pseudo-second order rate model with high correlations were consistent with its porous features. These experimental results suggested that the porous DM-based biochar could be reused as a biosorbent, biofertilizer, or soil amendments due to the high porosity and the abundance in nutrient minerals.
Novel Approaches to Optimise Early Growth in Willow Crops
Authors: Donnelly Isabella , McDonnell Kevin , Finnan John
Published: June 2019

Willow is a fast growing, high yielding biomass crop that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, long establishment times to get to profitability and sustainable yield may deter interest in planting the crop. A number of different approaches were investigated to optimise and accelerate early growth. These approaches were water immersion, plastic application, altering stem orientation at planting, altering coppicing timings and applying growth hormone. Glasshouse and field trials were used to test the different approaches. In this work, planting material was soaked for a varying number of days and plastic was applied or not applied in field trials. In the planting orientation approach, stems were planted diagonally or vertically with half of the planting material above the ground level or horizontally below ground level. Additionally, willow crops were coppiced at different times throughout their first growing season and a growth hormone trial was also incorporated in this work. Water soaking, plastic application, coppicing during the growing season or hormone application did not improve early growth or yield. However, early growth and yield were increased by manipulating the planting orientation of willow stems. Planting orientation treatments in which part of the stem was left above the ground increased early growth and yield significantly compared to the control without requiring extra inputs at planting. The beneficial effects of coppicing can be achieved by manipulating the planting procedure so that the first year’s growth is not disregarded.
EBNA1 IgM-Based Discrimination Between Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Trier Nicole Hartwig , Draborg Anette Holck , Sternbæk Louise , Troelsen Lone , Larsen Janni Lisander , Jacobsen Søren , Houen Gunnar
Published: June 2019

Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) has been associated with development of rheumatic connective tissue diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in genetically susceptible individuals. Diagnosis of RA and SLE relies on clinical criteria in combination with the presence of characteristic autoantibodies. In addition, antibodies to several EBV antigens have been shown to be elevated in patients with these diseases compared to healthy controls (HC). Here, we elaborated improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies (IgM, IgA, IgG) to the EBV proteins Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)1 and early antigen diffuse (EAD) in order to determine their potential diagnostic role. We showed that especially EBNA1 IgM distinguished RA from SLE and HCs and also distinguished SLE from HCs. EBNA1 IgA was almost as effective in differentiating RA from SLE and HC, while EAD IgG and IgA were able to discern SLE patients from RA patients and HCs. Collectively, these findings illustrate the potential diagnostic use of antibodies to EBV proteins to diagnose RA and to differentiate SLE from RA.
Size and Flexibility Define the Inhibition of the H3N2 Influenza Endonuclease Enzyme by Calix[n]arenes
Authors: Tauran Yannick , Cerón-Carrasco José Pedro , Rhimi Moez , Perret Florent , Kim Beomjoon , Collard Dominique , Coleman Anthony W. , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio
Published: June 2019

Inhibition of H3N2 influenza PA endonuclease activity by a panel of anionic calix[n]arenes and β-cyclodextrin sulfate has been studied. The joint experimental and theoretical results reveal that the larger, more flexible and highly water-soluble sulfonato-calix[n]arenes have high inhibitory activity, with para-sulfonato-calix[8]arene, SC8, having an IC50 value of 6.4 μM. Molecular docking calculations show the SC8 can interact at both the polyanion binding site and also the catalytic site of H3N2 influenza PA endonuclease.
Exercise and Inflammation
Authors: Roberts Llion , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: June 2019

Exercise and inflammation induce multi-faceted physiological responses in their own right, let alone when considered together [...]
Effect of Propolis on Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Atherogenic Indices in Mice
Authors: Oršolić Nada , Landeka Jurčević Irena , Đikić Domagoj , Rogić Dunja , Odeh Dyana , Balta Vedran , Perak Junaković Eleonora , Terzić Svjetlana , Jutrić David
Published: June 2019

Obesity, a major health problem worldwide, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. We investigated the antioxidative capacity of the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and its effect on the lipid profile, the hepatorenal function, and the atherogenic indices in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). EEP (50 mg/kg) was given orally to mice for 30 days. After the treatments, levels of the serum total triglyceride and cholesterol, the high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) cholesterols, the serum enzymes, and the metabolites were measured, and atherogenic indices [atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); cardiac risk ratio (CRR); cardioprotective index (CPI); atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were calculated and compared with the antioxidant, the reducing power, the radical-scavenging, and the chelating activity of EEP. The HFD diet with EEP significantly reduced the negative lipid profile and lowered AIP, CRR, and AC and increased CPI in animals on a HFD. In addition, EEP reduced the weight of mice and lipid accumulation in the liver, and it had significant in vitro antioxidative activities. The EEP possesses anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity and exhibits protective action on the cardiovascular system and hepatorenal functions. Our results contribute towards the validation of the traditional use of propolis as a food supplement in aiding hyperlipidemic disorders.
A Novel Extraction Method for Wildlife Monitoring Images with Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs)
Authors: Liu Wending , Liu Hanxing , Wang Yuan , Zheng Xiaorui , Zhang Junguo
Published: June 2019

In remote areas, wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have limited energy, and the data processing of wildlife monitoring images always suffers from energy consumption limitations. Generally, only part of each wildlife image is valuable. Therefore, the above mentioned issue could be avoided by transmitting the target area. Inspired by this transport strategy, in this paper, we propose an image extraction method with a low computational complexity, which can be adapted to extract the target area (i.e., the animal) and its background area according to the characteristics of the image pixels. Specifically, we first reconstruct a color space model via a CIELUV (LUV) color space framework to extract the color parameters. Next, according to the importance of the Hermite polynomial, a Hermite filter is utilized to extract the texture features, which ensures the accuracy of the split extraction of wildlife images. Then, an adaptive mean-shift algorithm is introduced to cluster texture features and color space information, realizing the extraction of the foreground area in the monitoring image. To verify the performance of the algorithm, a demonstration of the extraction of field-captured wildlife images is presented. Further, we conduct a comparative experiment with N-cuts (N-cuts), the existing aggregating super-pixels (SAS) algorithm, and the histogram contrast saliency detection (HCS) algorithm. A comparison of the results shows that the proposed algorithm for monitoring image target area extraction increased the average pixel accuracy by 11.25%, 5.46%, and 10.39%, respectively; improved the relative limit measurement accuracy by 1.83%, 5.28%, and 12.05%, respectively; and increased the average mean intersection over the union by 7.09%, 14.96%, and 19.14%, respectively.
Enhancing the Viscoelastic Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites by Incorporating CNTs and ZnO Nanofillers
Authors: Ayyagari Suma , Al-Haik Marwan
Published: June 2019

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites (CFRPs) possess superior elastic mechanical properties. However, CFRPs lack sufficient viscoelastic performance, such as damping and creep resistance. In an effort to improve these properties, in this study, hybrid multiscale composites with various combinations of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited at the interface of carbon fiber laminae. The viscoelastic properties of the corresponding composites were characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) during both temperature and frequency sweeps. The creep activation energy for each composite configuration was also calculated. The DMA temperature sweep analysis reported that the composite incorporating both ZnO and CNTs exhibited the highest improvements in all viscoelastic properties. This composite also attained better creep resistance, evident by the highest activation energy. The DMA frequency sweep analysis revealed that composites incorporating a single nanofiller improves the viscoelastic properties more than the combined nanofiller composite. Despite these improvements in the viscoelastic properties, the non-uniform dispersion and agglomerations of the nanofillers affected some of the elastic properties negatively, such as the storage modulus.
A Novel MOGA-SVM Multinomial Classification for Organ Inflammation Detection
Authors: Chui Kwok , Lytras Miltiadis
Published: June 2019

Wrist pulse signal (WPS) contains crucial information of humans’ health condition. It can serve as an alternative method for diagnosing of organ inflammation instead of traditional clinical measurement. In this paper, a novel multi-objective genetic algorithm based support vector machine (MOGA-SVM) has been proposed for the multinomial classification of the inflammations of appendix, pancreas, and duodenum. A customized similarity kernel (KCS) has been optimally designed. The performance of multinomial classification using KCS is compared with five types of kernels, linear, radial basis function (RBF), polynomial and sigmoid kernel, as well as mixtures of polynomial and RBF, to verify the effectiveness of KCS. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (Acc) of the proposed method are 92%, 91.2%, and 91.6% respectively. The results have demonstrated that KCS improves the accuracy of classification from 8.9% to 59.6%. When compared to related work, the proposed method increases the performance by more than 10%. It is believed that WPS can serve as alternative measures to diagnose organ inflammations.
Idiopathic Exposed Bone Lesions of the Jaw
Authors: Lončar Brzak Božana , Vučičević Boras Vanja , Kotarac Knežević Ana , Sušić Mato , Seiwerth Sven , Gabrić Dragana
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is defined as exposed bone in the oral cavity that does not heal longer than eight weeks after identification. The two most common predisposing factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw are medication-related and radiotherapy. Rarely, exposed bone in the maxillofacial region can occur due to other causes and represents a clinical and therapeutic challenge for the dentist because there is no universally accepted treatment protocol. Case presentation: We report a case of a patient with two idiopathic lesions of exposed bone which have healed after systemic antibiotic therapy, seven weeks after the first examination. Conclusion: Exposed bone lesions of the jaw are a rare entity and are poorly documented in the literature. It is necessary to exclude possible local or systemic contributing factors. Surgical and conservative therapy (antibiotics) are the treatment of choice.
Development and Experimentation of a New Mathematical Model for Teaching–Learning the Radioactive Decay Law
Authors: Mamane Adnane , Benjelloun Nadia
Published: June 2019

Our plan is to bring professors and their Moroccan pupils to focus on the teaching–learning of physics, without adopting forced mathematical modeling in previously unknown frames and registers, as is actually the practice. The preliminary study consists of developing a new analytical model for the teaching–learning of the radioactive decay law. However, the validation study was conducted to test its pertinence. The results show that, compared to the official model, pupils are very satisfied. In fact, the proposed new model intelligibility frame facilitates the linking of the concept of space of reality, with those of registers and frames. The pupils’ performance amounted to 65.33% in the development of the analytical model of the radioactive decay law, while in terms of suitable applications, pupil performance ranged from 0% to 75%. This result is partly due to the collaborative work, which induced a very significant increase in pupil performance. They were observed between increases ranging from 33.3% to 69.5%. In fact, we attribute these good performances to the ICT resources’ mobilization, specifically SimulP200, the one that we have exclusively elaborated. These resources have also mitigated the difficulties of the experiment, and those related to the processes of elaboration of different radioactive decay law model.
Analytical Design Solution for Optimal Matching of Hybrid Continuous Mode Power Amplifiers Suitable for a High-Efficiency Envelope Tracking Operation
Authors: Cao Tao , Liu Youjiang , Chen Wenhua , Yang Chun , Zhou Jie
Published: June 2019

An analytical method to design a power amplifier (PA) with an optimized power added efficiency (PAE) trajectory for envelope tracking (ET) architecture is proposed. To obtain feasible matching solutions for high-efficiency performance of the PA in the dynamic supply operation, hybrid continuous modes (HCM) architecture is introduced. The design space for load impedances of the HCM PAs with nonlinear capacitance is deduced mathematically using the device’s embedding transfer network, without the necessity of using load-pull. The proposed design strategy is verified with the implementation of a GaN PA operating over the frequency range of 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz with PAE between 67.8% and 72.4% in the 6.7 dB back-off power region of the ET mode. The ET experimental system was set up to evaluate the application of the PA circuit. Measurement results show that the ET PA at 2.1 GHz reaches the efficiency of 61%, 54%, 44% and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.32%, 0.60%, 0.67% at an average output power of 34.4 dBm, 34.2 dBm, 34.1 dBm for 6.7 dB peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) signals with 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths, respectively. Additionally, tested by a 20 MHz bandwidth 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal, 41.8% to 49.2% efficiency of ET PA is achieved at an average output power of 33.5 dBm to 35.1 dBm from 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz.
The Influence of Changing Hydropower Potential on Performance Parameters of Pumps in Turbine Mode
Authors: Polák Martin
Published: June 2019

Pumps as turbines (PAT) are used as an alternative to water turbines in small hydropower plants. The same devices can also be used for energy recovery in water distribution networks. They can replace pressure reduction valves that often lead to energy loss. However, PATs lack the parts that regulate flow so that when a hydropower potential change occurs, efficiency is reduced, as is economic gain. This article summarizes the influence of changing hydropower potential on PAT efficiency and presents comparisons of experimental results with the commonly used predictive model stemming from the theory of physical similarity, which presumes constant PAT efficiency. Our research indicates that the deviation between the model and the real power output calculation at varying potentials was minimal. Similarly, the affine parabola can be used to determine the relationship between total head and flow rate. Other relationships differ from reality the more the PAT efficiency changes. The flow rate and total head dependence on shaft speed are the main factors when setting the optimum operational parameters at varying hydropower potentials. Therefore, a change in efficiency must be included in predictive calculations to correctly optimize PAT operation. The problem is that a change in efficiency cannot be reliably predicted in advance, especially in the case of small-scale devices. For this reason, further research on the issue of changes in PAT efficiency is necessary.
Comparative Analysis and Design of the Shielding Techniques in WPT Systems for Charging EVs
Authors: Tan Linlin , Elnail Kamal Eldin Idris , Ju Minghao , Huang Xueliang
Published: June 2019

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained extensive attention due to their many advantages. However, human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has become a serious concern in high-power cases. In this paper, shielding techniques, including magnetic, metallic, and resonant reactive current shields, are investigated. Finite element method software is used to evaluate and compare the shielding effectiveness, charger weight, and system performance. The results show that the resonant reactive current shielding has a low EMF level with reasonable system efficiency and acceptable charger weight. In addition, 5 kW with 15 cm air gap WPT chargers were built to validate the simulation results.
Economic and Environmental Multiobjective Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System in the Colombian Caribbean Region
Authors: Valencia Guillermo , Benavides Aldair , Cárdenas Yulineth
Published: June 2019

A hybrid system was analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in non-interconnected zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the improvement in efficient energy management. A comparative analysis of the performance of hybrid was conducted using a proposed model, built with historical data for meteorological conditions, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine AIR 403, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel, and a regulator based on proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flow entering in the fuel cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W under changes in solar radiation and wind speed for each day of the year 2013 in different meteorological stations, such as Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport, and Simon Bolívar airport. Through the adjustment of the hydrogen and oxygen flow into the fuel cell, the maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158.35 W (9.45%). Multiobjective design optimization under a Pareto diagram front is presented for each place studied to minimize the levelized cost of energy and CO2 emission, where the objective control variables are the number of panel and stack in the photovoltaic (PV) system and PEM.
District Heating Load Prediction Algorithm Based on Feature Fusion LSTM Model
Authors: Xue Guixiang , Pan Yu , Lin Tao , Song Jiancai , Qi Chengying , Wang Zhipan
Published: June 2019

The smart district heating system (SDHS) is an important element of the construction of smart cities in Northern China; it plays a significant role in meeting heating requirements and green energy saving in winter. Various Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and wireless transmission technologies are applied to monitor data in real-time and to form a historical database. The accurate prediction of heating loads based on massive historical datasets is the necessary condition and key basis for formulating an optimal heating control strategy in the SDHS, which contributes to the reduction in the consumption of energy and the improvement in the energy dispatching efficiency and accuracy. In order to achieve the high prediction accuracy of SDHS and to improve the representation ability of multi-time-scale features, a novel short-term heating load prediction algorithm based on a feature fusion long short-term memory (LSTM) model (FFLSTM) is proposed. Three characteristics, namely proximity, periodicity, and trend, are found after analyzing the heating load data from the aspect of the hourly time dimension. In order to comprehensively utilize the data’s intrinsic characteristics, three LSTM models are employed to make separate predictions, and, then, the prediction results based on internal features and other external features at the corresponding moments are imported into the high-level LSTM model for fusion processing, which brings a more accurate prediction result of the heating load. Detailed comparisons between the proposed FFLSTM algorithm and the-state-of-art algorithms are conducted in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed FFLSTM algorithm outperforms others and can obtain a higher prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the impact of selecting different parameters of the FFLSTM model is also studied thoroughly.
Eco-Efficient Resource Management in HPC Clusters through Computer Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Cocaña-Fernández Alberto , San José Guiote Emilio , Sánchez Luciano , Ranilla José
Published: June 2019

High Performance Computing Clusters (HPCCs) are common platforms for solving both up-to-date challenges and high-dimensional problems faced by IT service providers. Nonetheless, the use of HPCCs carries a substantial and growing economic and environmental impact, owing to the large amount of energy they need to operate. In this paper, a two-stage holistic optimisation mechanism is proposed to manage HPCCs in an eco-efficiently manner. The first stage logically optimises the resources of the HPCC through reactive and proactive strategies, while the second stage optimises hardware allocation by leveraging a genetic fuzzy system tailored to the underlying equipment. The model finds optimal trade-offs among quality of service, direct/indirect operating costs, and environmental impact, through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms meeting the preferences of the administrator. Experimentation was done using both actual workloads from the Scientific Modelling Cluster of the University of Oviedo and synthetically-generated workloads, showing statistical evidence supporting the adoption of the new mechanism.
Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change
Authors: Bertolin Chiara
Published: June 2019

With a wide spectrum of data, case studies, monitoring, and experimental and numerical simulation techniques, the multidisciplinary approach of material, environmental, and computer science applied to the conservation of cultural heritage offers several opportunities for the heritage science and conservation community to map and monitor the state of the art of the knowledge referring to natural and human-induced climate change impacts on cultural heritage—mainly constituted by the built environment—in Europe and Latin America. The special issue “Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change” of Geosciences—launched to take stock of the existing but still fragmentary knowledge on this challenge, and to enable the community to respond to the implementation of the Paris agreement—includes 10 research articles. These papers exploit a broad range of data derived from preventive conservation monitoring conducted indoors in museums, churches, historical buildings, or outdoors in archeological sites and city centers. Case studies presented in the papers focus on a well-assorted sample of decay phenomena occurring on heritage materials—e.g., surface recession and biomass accumulation on limestone, depositions of pollutant on marble, salt weathering on inorganic building materials, and weathering processes on mortars in many local- to regional-scale study areas in the Scandinavian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Italy, Greece, and Panama. Besides monitoring, the methodological approaches that are showcased include, but are not limited to, original material characterization, decay product characterization, and climate and numerical modelling on material components for assessing environmental impact and climate change effects.
Analysing the Meta-Archive Arianna—‘Shakespeariana’: Research and Teaching Opportunities with the Iconographical Database
Authors: Pietrini Sandra , Piergiacomi Enrico
Published: June 2019

The application of digital technologies to Shakespeare has advanced considerably over the last decade. The spread of online archives offers new opportunities for researchers and teachers, facilitating the collection of materials. Since 2011, we have seized upon the opportunity afforded by digital archives with a project, Arianna, whose main goal is the creation of the meta-archive Shakespeariana, a database that includes iconographical items inspired by Shakespearean plays from the 16th century to the present day. As this article demonstrates, Arianna allows the user to make simple or combined searches in different fields, containing more than 13,000 iconographical items. Managing, sustaining, and refining the project brings new challenges. It poses the need to refine the strategies and methods of data acquisition, to conceive new tools of investigation, and to introduce some possible interactions with the end user. To this extent, two important problems are raised. The first concerns the function of Shakespeariana as a research and teaching tool. Since its content is constantly updated by researchers and collaborators, the digital archive is actually a collective and open-access work, but the filling of all the fields requires relevant levels of skills, critical perspectives, and knowledge about the single topics. Therefore, it is necessary to continually reflect on the proper, specific training to fill its content, to make researchers provide new information, and to mold them according to the existing standard. The second problem is the application of Shakespeariana to research. We argue that iconography provides some interpretative suggestions or helps to reveal the meaning and the dynamics of many otherwise obscure scenes. The relationship between text (and its adaptations) and figurative imagery has an osmotic character, with reciprocal influences and striking interactions. This article is arranged in two sections. The first explores the methodological questions and didactic purposes of Shakespeariana. The second offers an example of research application of the digital archive through the study of Salvador Dalí’s illustrated edition of Much Ado About Shakespeare (1968, 1971).
Oral Health Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices of South Asian Migrants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Batra Mehak , Gupta Sabrina , Erbas Bircan
Published: June 2019

Oral health is a burden among all populations and is linked with major chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Migrants, in particular South Asians, have poor oral health which requires further understanding to better inform oral health interventions by targeting specific aspects of this heterogenous South Asian population. This review is undertaken to systematically synthesize the evidence of oral health understandings, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of South Asian migrants residing in high-income countries. A comprehensive systematic search of seven electronic databases and hand-searching for peer-reviewed studies was conducted. All study designs were included, and quality assessment conducted. Of the 1614 records identified, 17 were included for synthesis and 12 were quantitative in design. These studies were primarily conducted in the UK, USA, Canada, and Europe. South Asian migrants had inadequate oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices—influenced by culture, social norms, and religiosity. In the absence of symptoms, preventive oral hygiene practices were limited. Barriers to access varied with country of origin; from lack of trust in dentists and treatment cost in studies with India as the country of origin, to religiosity, among poorer nations such as Bangladesh. Fewer studies focused on recent arrivals from Bhutan or the Maldives. Culturally and socially appropriate strategies must be developed to target oral health issues and a “one-size” fits all approach will be ineffective in addressing the needs of South Asian migrants.
Development and Validation of a Self-Assessment Tool for an Integrative Model of Health Promotion in Hospitals: Taiwan’s Experience
Authors: Wang Ying-Wei , Chia Shu-Li , Chou Chien-Ming , Chen Michael S. , Pelikan Jürgen M. , Chu Cordia , Wang Mei-Hsiu , Lee Chiachi Bonnie
Published: June 2019

The Health Promotion Administration of Taiwan launched an integrative certification initiative in 2016 to streamline a plural system of certifications of health promotion in hospitals. It endeavored to replace original certifications, thereby establishing the proposal of a self-assessment instrument to aid in this integration. This study aimed to verify the robustness of this self-assessment tool by conducting exploratory factor analyses through stratification, reliability tests, content and construct validity tests, and specialist evaluations, which were convened to judge the comprehensibility, applicability, and importance of the standards and measures of this tool. A stratified random sampling of 46 hospitals was performed to confirm the validity of this tool. The tool rendered a floor effect of 0% and a ceiling effect of 13%. A valid factor structure and internal consistency (α ranged from 0.88 to 0.96) in each standard were verified. Hospitals with previous certificates or with 300+ beds achieved high compliance scores. A majority of experts agreed that the sub-standards were comprehensible (≥80%), applicable (≥70%), and important (≥70%). Finally, we conclude that the self-assessment tool is valid and can serve as a reference for other countries with hospitals committed to health promotion in hospital settings.
Hand Hygiene Habits of Ghanaian Youths in Accra
Authors: Oppong Timothy B. , Yang Haiyan , Amponsem-Boateng Cecilia , Duan Guangcai
Published: June 2019

The human palm has been identified as one of the richest habitats for human microbial accommodation making hand hygiene essential to primary prevention of infection. Since the hand is in constant contact with fomites which have been proven to be mostly contaminated, building hand hygiene habits is essential for the prevention of infection. This research was conducted to assess the hand hygiene habits of Ghanaian youths in Accra. This study used a survey as a quantitative method of research. The findings of the study revealed that out of the 254 participants who fully answered the questionnaire, 22% had the habit of washing their hands after outings while only 51.6% had the habit of washing their hands after using the bathroom. However, about 60% of the participants said they sometimes ate with their hands while 28.9% had the habit of eating with the hand very often, a situation that put them at risk of infection from their hands since some participants had poor handwashing habits; prompting the need for continuous education on hand hygiene.
Analysis of the microRNA Expression Profile of Bovine Monocyte-derived Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Reveals that miR-150 Suppresses Cell Apoptosis by Targeting PDCD4
Authors: Wang Zi , Kong Ling Cong , Jia Bo Yan , Chen Jing Rui , Dong Yang , Jiang Xiu Yun , Ma Hong Xia
Published: June 2019

M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative pathogen of Johne’s disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis that principally affects ruminants and can survive, proliferate and disseminate in macrophages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and can impact the processes of cells. To investigate the role of miRNAs in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) during MAP infection, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze small RNA libraries of MAP-infected and control MDMs. The results showed that a total of 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed in MDMs after MAP infection, and 8864 target genes were predicted. A functional analysis showed that the target genes were mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis. In addition, using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, flow cytometry, and a small interfering (si)RNA knockdown assay, the role of miR-150 in regulating macrophage apoptosis by targeting the programmed cell death protein-4 (PDCD4) was demonstrated. These results provide an experimental basis to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MAP infection and suggest the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of Johne’s disease in bovines.