bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rollenverteilung bei Erstellung, Fortschreibung und Nutzung des Fachmodells Baugrund – Empfehlung Nr. 4 des Arbeitskreises 2.14 der DGGT „Digitalisierung in der Geotechnik“
Authors: Bauer Jörg , Henke Sascha , Klügel Silvio , Molzahn Michael , Tilger Klaus
Published: June 2023

Bei der klassischen Arbeitsweise im Bauwesen sind die Zuständigkeiten und Verantwortlichkeiten zwischen der geotechnischen Fachplanung, dem Auftraggeber und den weiteren Projektbeteiligten wie Planer und Bauausführung eindeutig festgelegt und haben sich bewährt. Jedoch wird im Infrastrukturbau zukünftig verpflichtend vom Sachverständigen für Geotechnik zusätzlich zum Geotechnischen Bericht auch das Fachmodell Baugrund eingefordert. Durch die Vernetzung dieses Fachmodells mit anderen Fachmodellen im Gesamtmodell wird sich für den Sachverständigen für Geotechnik damit voraussichtlich eine stärkere Einbindung und ein größerer Tätigkeitsumfang beim Planungs‐ und Realisierungsprozess einer Baumaßnahme über den gesamten Lebenszyklus ergeben. Zudem wird aufgrund der notwendigen Standardisierung der Modellstruktur aller Fachmodelle in einem BIM‐Projekt der Auftraggeber stärker in die Verantwortung gezogen. So sind vom Auftraggeber hinsichtlich der Modellstruktur auch klare Vorgaben für die Geotechnik zu formulieren. Die bisherigen Zuständigkeiten und Verantwortlichkeiten in einem Projekt werden erweitert und teilweise angepasst. Die vorliegende vierte Empfehlung des Arbeitskreises 2.14 der DGGT „Digitalisierung in der Geotechnik“ beschreibt die bei BIM‐Projekten vorhandene Organisationsstruktur und definiert die Zuständigkeiten und Verantwortlichkeiten bei der Bearbeitung des Fachmodells Baugrund.
Impact of green technology and regional market orientation on innovation performance of SMEs in China: Contextual analysis of structural and relational embeddedness
Authors: Tian Hongyun , Akhtar Shamim , Iqbal Shuja , Sharif Imran
Published: June 2023

The swift development and implementation of technology have forced enterprises in China to constantly enhance their capabilities to accomplish innovation objectives. In response to the need to improve innovation performance to stay competitive in the industry, enterprises in the region of Jiangsu have adopted a green technology orientation to develop sustainable technologies and regional market orientation to fulfil the needs and wants of environment‐conscious customers. This study assessed the relationship between green technology and regional market orientation and innovation performance and the moderating role of structural and relational embeddedness. The study performed a quantitative assessment using a survey method to collect data. This study gathered data from 386 respondents from small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) from Jiangsu, which showed that both green technology and regional market orientation are essential predictors of innovation performance. Moreover, this study found a substantial moderating impact of structural and relational embeddedness on the relationship between green technology and regional market orientation and innovation performance of SMEs. The current study has several practical implications for leaders of SMEs to enhance their innovation performance.
MRI for Hepatitis B‐Associated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Sheng Ruofan , Wang Heqing , Zhang Yunfei , Sun Wei , Jin Kaipu , Dai Yongming , Zhang Weiguo , Zeng Mengsu , Zhou Jianjun
Published: June 2023

Background

The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is challenging in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients, due to the overlapping clinical manifestations and atypical imaging patterns compared to patients without HBV.

Purpose

To investigate the preoperative imaging characteristics of iCCA in patients with HBV in comparison to those without HBV.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

431 patients with histopathologically confirmed iCCA (143 HBV‐positive and 288 HBV‐negative patients) were retrospectively enrolled from three institutes, and patients were allocated to the training (n = 302) and validation (n = 129) cohorts from different institutes or time period; 100 matching HBV‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were also enrolled.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T and 3‐T, including T1‐ and T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted and dynamic gadopentetate dimeglumine‐enhanced imaging.

Assessment

Clinical and MRI features were analyzed and compared between HBV‐positive and HBV‐negative patients with iCCA, and between HBV‐positive patients with iCCA and HCC.

Statistical Tests

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with odds ratio (OR) to identify independent features for discriminating HBV‐associated iCCA. Diagnostic model generation by incorporating independent features, and the performance for discrimination was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics with the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI). AUCs were compared by the DeLong's method. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Compared to patients without HBV, washout or degressive enhancement pattern (OR = 51.837), well‐defined tumor margin (OR = 8.758) and no peritumoral bile duct dilation (OR = 4.651) were independent significant features for discriminating HBV‐associated iCCAs. All these features were also the predominant MRI manifestations for HBV‐associated HCC. The combined index showed an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI 0.748–0.842) in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.789 (95% CI 0.708–0.856) in the validation cohort for discrimination. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were all >70%, which was superior to each single feature alone in both cohorts. [Correction added after first online publication on 29 June 2023. The Field Strength/Sequence has been updated from 5‐T to 1.5‐T.]

Data Conclusion

Preoperative MRI may help to discriminate HBV‐associated iCCA.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Liberalized automatic generation control of interconnected thermal‐hydro‐gas system using firefly algorithm optimized PID controller
Authors: Khare Prashant , Raju More , Gupta Shiv Charan , Shukla Hiramani
Published: June 2023

In liberalized power system, the distribution companies are free to choose the contracts with all available generating companies (GENCOs), while the independent system operator acting as regulatory authority. In this article, the liberalized automatic generation control problem is studied for a two‐area interconnected power system. The studies are divided into two parts. In first part, the investigations are carried out with only thermal generations in each area. In second part, the multi‐diverse sourced thermal‐hydro‐gas GENCOs are assumed in each control area. For damping out the system frequency and tie‐line power dynamics, the popularly known PI and PID controllers are employed considering poolco, bilateral and contract violation transactions. In both the parts, the comparative performance between PI/PID controllers is made. Studies reveal that PID outperforms PI controller. A case study with introduction of time delay in the system is performed as the open communication infrastructure introduces inherent time delay in the smart grid scenario. To understand the impact of frequency sensitive loads on system dynamics, the effect of variation in damping coefficient (D) is studied and it is shown how the D is influencing the dynamics. The effect of double reheat turbines is also studied and found that they deteriorate the dynamics when compared to single reheat turbines. In all the above studies, the powerful nature inspired firefly algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters of controllers using the integral squared error method.
Seasonal sea breeze variation analysis based on multi‐year near‐surface observations in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Junnaedhi I Dewa Gede Agung , Inagaki Atsushi , Ferdiansyah Muhammad Rezza , Kanda Manabu
Published: June 2023

In this study, multi‐year near‐surface observations were conducted at two sites in Jakarta, Indonesia to analyse seasonal sea breeze variation. Seasonal length was defined using observed zonal wind components, the rainy season was defined as December–March, and the dry season was defined as May–September. We found that the sea breeze in Jakarta started earlier, propagated more rapidly, and lasted for a shorter period of time during the rainy than dry season. Variation in the air temperature difference between urban and coastal areas of Jakarta was the major factor driving sea breeze seasonal variation. During the rainy season, night‐time cloud downwelling decreased this air temperature difference, causing earlier sea breeze onset and more rapid sea breeze propagation due to a weaker land breeze. By contrast, during the dry season, intense night‐time radiative cooling inland caused a strong negative temperature difference that produced a stronger land breeze, thus, slowing sea breeze propagation. Seasonal differences in urban surface heating and urban heat island circulation may also affect sea breeze onset and propagation speed. Discrepancies in thermal properties between urban core and coastal areas of Jakarta also prolonged positive temperature differences after sunset, thus extending the sea breeze duration in the dry season.
Comparison of statistical methods for integrating real‐world evidence in a rare events meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yao Minghong , Wang Yuning , Ren Yan , Jia Yulong , Zou Kang , Li Ling , Sun Xin
Published: June 2023

Rare events meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered because the outcomes are infrequent. Real‐world evidence (RWE) from non‐randomized studies may provide valuable complementary evidence about the effects of rare events, and there is growing interest in including such evidence in the decision‐making process. Several methods for combining RCTs and RWE studies have been proposed, but the comparative performance of these methods is not well understood. We describe a simulation study that aims to evaluate an array of alternative Bayesian methods for including RWE in rare events meta‐analysis of RCTs: the naïve data synthesis, the design‐adjusted synthesis, the use of RWE as prior information, the three‐level hierarchical models, and the bias‐corrected meta‐analysis model. The percentage bias, root‐mean‐square‐error, mean 95% credible interval width, coverage probability, and power are used to measure performance. The various methods are illustrated using a systematic review to evaluate the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis among patients using sodium/glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors as compared with active‐comparators. Our simulations show that the bias‐corrected meta‐analysis model is comparable to or better than the other methods in terms of all evaluated performance measures and simulation scenarios. Our results also demonstrate that data solely from RCTs may not be sufficiently reliable for assessing the effects of rare events. In summary, the inclusion of RWE could increase the certainty and comprehensiveness of the body of evidence of rare events from RCTs, and the bias‐corrected meta‐analysis model may be preferable.
Impact of pomegranate fruit powder on dough, textural and functional properties of fresh noodle
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Peng Hong , Li Bin , Tian Jing
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Polyphenols are important functional food ingredients due to good performance in the prevention of chronic diseases and elongation of shelf‐life. Numerous studies have shown that the addition of polyphenols of natural origin to wheat flour tends to have a contradictory effect on the physicochemical properties of the dough in the presence of different doses of polyphenols, also known as biphasic regulation. In the meantime, a promising and economic flour enhancer of natural origin is needed because of the short stability time of the dough. In this study, the impact of pomegranate fruit powder (PFP) on mixing and rheological properties of the dough and texture as well as nutritional characteristics of cooking noodles was studied.

RESULTS

The mixing and tensile properties as well as viscoelasticity of the dough were improved with the addition of 4%, 8% or 12% PFP; correspondingly, a more compact and ordered microstructure was observed in the dough. The addition of PFP maintained the best cooking time and water absorption of noodles. Moreover, the hardness, tensile strength and resilience of noodles were improved with the addition of 4% or 8% PFP. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacities of noodles with the addition of PFP were increased via quantification of iron ion reduction, DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacity. The noodles added with PFP showed a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on glucose release.

CONCLUSION

PFP improved the textural properties and nutrition value of noodles. The addition of PFP to the wheat four dough and noodles was suggested to be below 12%. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma with secondary systemic evolution
Authors: Li Andy , Lehmann‐Che Jacqueline , Champ Jérôme , Rivet Jacqueline , Vignon‐Pennamen Marie‐Dominique , Mourah Samia , Cayuela Jean‐Michel , Lepelletier Clémence , Louveau Baptiste , Dumont Maëlle , Alhage Jana , Ram‐Wolff Caroline , Bouaziz Jean‐David , Bagot Martine , De Masson Adèle , Battistella Maxime
Published: June 2023

Primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphomas (PCFCLs) are cutaneous proliferation of centrocytes and centroblasts, with a generally indolent evolution. Secondary systemic spread of disease is a rare event, which significantly impairs prognosis. Recently published study by Zhou and al. proposed criteria aiming to predict such evolution at initial stage: (i) rearrangement of Bcl2, (ii) Ki67% index <30% and (iii) 2 mutations among the CREBBP, KMT2D, EZH2 and EP300.1 genes. We herein report two cases of PCFCLs with systemic evolution. Both patients had been initially diagnosed with localised skin disease, and developed, several years after, a secondary systemic involvement. Skin biopsies at the initial stage and systemic spread were analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and by DNA sequencing of a panel of 54 genes frequently mutated in lymphomas. Both patients showed no rearrangement of Bcl2, >30% Ki67% indexes and no mutations among the four proposed genes. These findings run contrary to these previously proposed criteria, highlighting the molecular heterogeneity of this rare disease.
Hunters' opposition to harmful hunting practices on ecosystems: values, beliefs, norms, and identities
Authors: Ghasemi Benjamin , Kyle Gerard T.
Published: June 2023

In North America, legal hunting is considered a key component in wildlife management and conservation; however, hunters' relationships with ecosystem health and integrity are rarely explored. In this study, we recruited an online panel of hunters in the United States (n = 508) in 2018 to assess their opinions about hunting‐related practices that often negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem health (i.e., exotic breeding, stock breeding, and game farming). We investigated the underlying socio‐psychological factors influencing hunters' opinions about these practices based on the value‐belief‐norm and identity theories. Hunter identity, personal norms, and awareness of the negative consequences on ecosystems are associated with opposition to hunting‐related practices that harm ecosystems. We suggest that outreach and education programs targeting hunters should focus on leveraging their existing identities and promoting awareness of the negative consequences of certain hunting practices on biodiversity and ecosystem health. By highlighting these consequences and emphasizing the role of ecosystem health and biodiversity in the long‐term sustainability of hunting opportunities, such programs can effectively encourage hunters to adopt ecosystem stewardship behaviors.
Wildlife studies on the Tongass National Forest challenge essential assumptions of its wildlife conservation strategy
Authors: Smith Winston P. , Flaherty Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

The Tongass National Forest in southeast Alaska, USA, includes the Alexander Archipelago and narrow North American mainland, comprising one of the largest remaining, largely pristine, coastal temperate rainforest in the world. Management of the Tongass has become increasingly challenging because of expectations of a conservation framework designed to maintain viable populations of native wildlife species while decades of extensive clearcut logging of old‐growth forests has continued. We used the findings of multiple published studies conducted on the Tongass from 1998 to 2017 to examine 4 assumptions of its wildlife conservation strategy (WCS): forest planning assessments of wildlife viability were realistic, forest management and conservation policies are implemented at appropriate ecological scales, old‐growth reserves are effective habitat conservation areas and ensure functional connectivity, and forest‐wide standards and guidelines ensure sufficient habitat for sensitive species in managed landscapes. Several ecological field studies, population and spatial analyses and modeling, and statistical analyses revealed that wildlife viability assessments to evaluate forest plan alternatives underestimated the risk of extinction by only examining individual vulnerable species rather than considering joint probabilities across multiple species; the ecological scale of management and conservation policies do not adequately consider area‐sensitive vulnerabilities of island communities as evidenced by the increasing risk of extirpation of island endemics whose populations have become isolated and reduced; old‐growth reserves are unlikely to maintain viable populations of endemic small mammals in isolation or as functionally connected metapopulations; and a spatially explicit analysis of individual home ranges demonstrated that forest‐wide standards and guidelines provide about half the breeding habitat needed by a federally listed endemic raptor, the Queen Charlotte goshawk(Accipiter gentilis laingi), of which only half of that is secure. Thus, assertions that the WCS is properly functioning as designed are dubious because a comprehensive monitoring plan has not been implemented and vital underlying assumptions are not supported by available science. We recommend 3 forest management and conservation policy adjustments: limit size and location old‐growth forest harvests, restore forests through intermediate stand management of second growth, and conduct a formal review of WCS elements and assumptions.
Three‐dimensionally visualized ossification and mineralization process of the otic capsule in a postnatal developmental mouse
Authors: Bai Jing , Ito Taku , Fujikawa Taro , Honda Keiji , Kawashima Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Hiroki , Kurata Natsuko , Tsutsumi Takeshi
Published: June 2023

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the ossification process of the otic capsule in postnatal C57BL/6 mice and depict the three‐dimensional (3D) process of otoconial mineralization in vivo.

Methods

The otic capsules of C57BL/6 mice were stained with alizarin red and imaged/compared using micro‐computed tomography on postnatal day (P) between P0 and P8, P10, P15, and P30 and 3–4 months old (P3–4Mo). We reconstructed 3D images of the otic capsule and otoconia and measured the bone mineral density using x‐ray absorptiometry on each age.

Results

The 3D reconstructed otic capsule images revealed two ossification centers of the otic capsule at P0. One was observed around the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal and utricle, and the other was observed around the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal. The cross‐sectional views demonstrated that modiolar ossification developed from the base to the apex from P4 to P8. The inter‐scalar septum ossified bidirectionally from the modiolus and bony otic capsule from P8 to P15. The mineralized otoconia were first detected in the utricle at P3 and saccular otoconia at P6. The density of the utricle and saccular otoconia showed different growth trends.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the 3D appearance of the otic capsule and otoconia in different developmental stages of mice. We also revealed that modiolar and inter‐scalar septal calcification is the final event in the cochlea and that it can be susceptible to pathological conditions (cochlear congenital malformations and hereditary vestibular diseases). The unique features of the ossification process and duration may explain these pathological conditions observed in humans.

Level of Evidence

3
Evaluation of a commercial graphene‐additive for boosting the corrosion performance of a thermal curing primer
Authors: Wiener Simon , Strauß Bernhard , Luckeneder Gerald , Hagler Josef , Valtiner Markus
Published: June 2023

Graphene has emerged as a promising additive for improving the corrosion resistance of organic coatings due to its planar structure and low permeability. Multiple publications have reported positive results, primarily because of its barrier qualities. However, the incorporation of graphene into commercial coatings has not been studied in great detail, as the limited availability of commercial‐grade graphene has hindered its widespread use. This study investigates the addition of a commercially available graphene additive to a commercial primer, using industry‐standard corrosion tests and advanced characterization techniques to evaluate the coating's performance. The results show that while the addition does improve the barrier properties of the coating, as shown in salt spray tests, it also reduces its functionality due to factors such as oxygen reduction on graphene and accelerated diffusion pathways. Overall, the cost of incorporating graphene may outweigh the limited benefits observed in this study. These findings underscore the need for further research to explore the potential of graphene and the importance of utilizing multiple testing methods for performance evaluation.
Anodal Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Motor and Cognitive Symptoms in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Randomized, Sham‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Naeije Gilles , Rovai Antonin , Destrebecq Virginie , Trotta Nicola , De Tiège Xavier
Published: June 2023

Background

Friedreich Ataxia is the most common recessive ataxia with only one therapeutic drug approved solely in the United States.

Objective

The aim of this work was to investigate whether anodal cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) reduces ataxic and cognitive symptoms in individuals with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and to assess the effects of ctDCS on the activity of the secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex.

Methods

We performed a single‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled, crossover trial with anodal ctDCS (5 days/week for 1 week, 20 min/day, density current: 0.057 mA/cm2) in 24 patients with FRDA. Each patient underwent a clinical evaluation (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, composite cerebellar functional severity score, cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale) before and after anodal and sham ctDCS. Activity of the SII cortex contralateral to a tactile oddball stimulation of the right index finger was evaluated with brain functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after anodal/sham ctDCS.

Results

Anodal ctDCS led to a significant improvement in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (−6.5%) and in the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale (+11%) compared with sham ctDCS. It also led to a significant reduction in functional magnetic resonance imaging signal at the SII cortex contralateral to tactile stimulation (−26%) compared with sham ctDCS.

Conclusions

One week of treatment with anodal ctDCS reduces motor and cognitive symptoms in individuals with FRDA, likely by restoring the neocortical inhibition normally exerted by cerebellar structures. This study provides class I evidence that ctDCS stimulation is effective and safe in FRDA. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Concurrent measurement of perfusion parameters related to small blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the human brain using dynamic dual‐spin‐echo perfusion MRI
Authors: Cao Di , Sun Yuanqi , Li Yinghao , Su Pan , Pillai Jay J. , Qiao Ye , Lu Hanzhang , Van Zijl Peter C. M. , Knutsson Linda , Hua Jun
Published: June 2023

Accumulating evidence from recent studies has indicated the importance of studying the interaction between the microvascular and lymphatic systems in the brain. To date, most imaging methods can only measure blood or lymphatic vessels separately, such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI for blood vessels and DSC MRI‐in‐the‐cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cDSC MRI) for lymphatic vessels. An approach that can measure both blood and lymphatic vessels in a single scan offers advantages such as a halved scan time and contrast dosage. This study attempts to develop one such approach by optimizing a dual‐echo turbo‐spin‐echo sequence, termed “dynamic dual‐spin‐echo perfusion (DDSEP) MRI”. Bloch simulations were performed to optimize the dual‐echo sequence for the measurement of gadolinium (Gd)‐induced blood and CSF signal changes using a short and a long echo time, respectively. The proposed method furnishes a T1‐dominant contrast in CSF and a T2‐dominant contrast in blood. MRI experiments were performed in healthy subjects to evaluate the dual‐echo approach by comparing it with existing separate methods. Based on simulations, the short and long echo time were chosen around the time when blood signals show maximum difference between post‐ and pre‐Gd scans, and the time when blood signals are completely suppressed, respectively. The proposed method showed consistent results in human brains as previous studies using separate methods. Signal changes from small blood vessels occurred faster than from lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection. In conclusion, Gd‐induced signal changes in blood and CSF can be detected simultaneously in healthy subjects with the proposed sequence. The temporal difference in Gd‐induced signal changes from small blood and lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection was confirmed using the proposed approach in the same human subjects. Results from this proof‐of‐concept study will be used to further optimize DDSEP MRI in subsequent studies.
The cross‐sectional association between a sustainable diet index and obesity among US adults
Authors: Jung Sukyoung , Young Heather A. , Simmens Samuel J. , Braffett Barbara H. , Ogden Cynthia L.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Adopting multidimensional sustainable dietary patterns may be beneficial to human and planetary health. The cross‐sectional association between a multidimensional sustainable diet index‐US (SDI‐US) and obesity in US adults was examined.

Methods

This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2018 (n = 25,262). The SDI‐US consisted of four subindices and was calculated using a 24‐hour dietary recall, food expenditures, environmental impacts of foods, and food practices. A higher score indicates a more sustainable dietary pattern. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.

Results

Between 2007 and 2018, obesity prevalence in US adults was 38.2% (95% CI 37.0%–39.3%), and mean SDI‐US score was 13.2 (range: 4.3–20.0). In a multivariable‐adjusted model, a higher SDI‐US score was associated with lower odds of obesity (Q5 vs. Q1, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.79, p < 0.001). When stratified by sex (p interaction = 0.04), a stronger inverse association was observed in women (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.77, p < 0.0001) than in men (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60–0.91, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

More sustainable dietary patterns were inversely associated with obesity among US adults, supporting the potential of sustainable diets in preventing obesity.
Effect of carbon black components on rolling mechanical properties of tread rubber material by using improved digital image correlation
Authors: Gao Xueliang , Wang Yingming , Zhang Zhichao , Wu Sitan
Published: June 2023

The rolling and sliding state of the tread rubber material within contact patch was very important to the handling stability and safety of the vehicle. In this paper, first, the absolute coordinate system was introduced into the digital image correlation method, which improved the ability of the traditional digital image correlation method to solve the large deformation of polymer material surface. Second, a new calculation method of rolling friction coefficient based on the brush model was proposed. Third, a non‐contact full‐field rolling dynamics experimental device was developed to study the effects of carbon black components, rotational speed and vertical load on the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material. On this basis, the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material with different formulations were obtained by analyzing the distribution properties of global strain rate, full‐field longitudinal speed and full‐field longitudinal acceleration and the variation laws of transverse/longitudinal strain rate, trajectory of marked points, stress‐strain hysteresis curve and rolling friction coefficient. Finally, the influence mechanism of carbon black composition on rolling mechanical properties of tread rubber material was revealed.
Performance evaluation of composite sandwich structures with additively manufactured aluminum honeycomb cores with increased bonding surface area
Authors: Rangapuram M. , Dasari S. K. , Newkirk J. W. , Chandrashekhara K. , Misak H. , Toivonen P. R. , Klenosky D. , Unruh T. , Sam J.
Published: June 2023

Modern aerostructures, including wings and fuselages, increasingly feature sandwich structures due to their high‐energy absorption, low weight, and high flexural stiffness. The face sheet of these sandwich structures are typically thin composite laminates with interior honeycombs made of Nomex or aluminum. Standard cores are structurally efficient, but their design cannot be varied throughout the structure. With additive manufacturing (AM) technology, these core geometries can be altered to meet the design requirements that are not met in standard honeycomb cores. This study used a modified aluminum honeycomb core, with increased surface area on the top and bottom, as the core material in sandwich panels. The modified honeycomb core was produced through the laser powder bed fusion method. The behavior of the modified sandwich composite panels was evaluated through three‐point bend, edgewise compression, and impact tests, and their performance was compared to that of a conventional honeycomb core sandwich panel. The three‐point bend test results indicated that the sandwich structure's ultimate shear strength improved by 12.6% with the modified honeycomb core. Additionally, the displacement at the failure of the structure increased by 11%. The edgewise compression tests showed that the ultimate edgewise compressive strength improved by 19.1% when using the modified core. The impact test results revealed that the peak force increased by 8% and the energy‐absorbing capacity of the sandwich structure increased by 20% with the use of the modified honeycomb core.
Trajectories of ADHD medication use before, during, and after pregnancy: A population‐based study from Norway and Sweden
Authors: Srinivas Chaitra , Karlstad Øystein , Stigum Hein , Furu Kari , Cesta Carolyn E. , Reutfors Johan , Cohen Jacqueline M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To describe ADHD medication use trajectories around pregnancy in Norway and Sweden.

Methods

We identified pregnancies resulting in births using linked data from birth and prescribed drug registers of Norway (2006–2019, N = 813 107) and Sweden (2007–2018, N = 1 269 146). We restricted to women who filled prescriptions for ADHD medication during pregnancy or in the year before or after. We described exposure as use versus no use, and total amount of drug dispensed in defined daily doses (DDDs). Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct medication use trajectories.

Results

In total, 13 286 women (0.64%) filled a prescription for ADHD medication. We identified four trajectory groups: continuers (5.7%), interrupters (23.8%), discontinuers (49.5%), and late initiators (21.0%). Discontinuers were younger, continuers were older on average. More women continued medication in recent years (2014–2019). Most discontinuers (60.7%) were nulliparous; more initiators and continuers had one or multiple previous births, respectively. Continuers were least likely to live with a partner (65.8%). Discontinuers were least likely (24.7%) and continuers most likely (37.6%) to smoke at the beginning of pregnancy. More continuers used amphetamine derivatives and were most likely to use other psychotropics. On modeling continuers, we identified three dose‐trajectory groups which suggested that most women reduced medication dose during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Most pregnant women discontinued or interrupted their ADHD medication during pregnancy, but more continued in recent years. Continuers were more likely to have had previous births, less likely to have lived with a partner, and may have had additional comorbidities warranting the use of other psychotropics.
Effects of different cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma sources on the yeast Candida glabrata
Authors: Trebulová Kristína , Krčma František , Skoumalová Petra , Kozáková Zdenka , Machala Zdenko
Published: June 2023

Four different cold plasma sources were directly applied onto a 24h inoculum of Candida glabrata inoculated on agar plates, within the limits of in vitro experiment. Their effects were compared and evaluated with respect to the size and stability of the inhibition zones formed in the posttreatment cultivation. The results prove significant inhibitory cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma effects on the yeast C. glabrata. The overall inhibitory effects are directly proportional to the treatment time, the applied power, and the overall functioning of the plasma source and indirectly proportional to the initial cell concentration, although this factor was less significant compared to the other examined factors. The unipolar microwave torch was found to be the most effective in the inhibition of C. glabrata.
A modified Schlenk line for gas‐phase accelerating rate calorimetry capable of quantitatively sampling and safely handling hazardous gases
Authors: He Jiliang
Published: June 2023

This paper reports a new method using a modified Schlenk line for quantitative charging and safe disposal of gases in a gas‐phase accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) test. The modified Schlenk line is capable of accurately measuring the mass of gas(s) charged to the ARC bomb. The method conveniently allows loading a single gas or multiple gases for reaction. It also provides dosing (or shot addition) capability to add a gaseous sample for when the gas is too reactive to be preloaded with other components. The modified Schlenk line enables safely handling toxic and extremely reactive gaseous chemicals, including collecting gases for further characterization, and disposing the gaseous products and unreacted samples into neutralizing scrubbers after the ARC run. The modified Schlenk line can also be utilized to test solid, liquid, or gas/liquid/solid mixed phases under specific atmospheres. Additional capabilities of the assembly line include quick leak checking and easily removing unwanted air/moisture in the headspace of the bomb or impurities (residual solvents) in the sample before an ARC run, resulting in more reliable data. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the thermal evaluation of the chlorination of toluene with chlorine gas and the thermal stability study of a halogenated ethane.
Tethered‐flight performance of thermally‐acclimated pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) suggests that heat waves may promote the spread of Bactrocera species
Authors: Malod Kevin , Bali Eleftheria‐Maria D. , Gledel Corentin , Moquet Laura , Bierman Anandi , Bataka Evmorfia , Weldon Christopher W. , Karsten Minette , Delatte Hélène , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Terblanche John S.
Published: June 2023

Background

Thermal history may induce phenotypic plasticity in traits that affect performance and fitness. One type of plastic response triggered by thermal history is acclimation. Because flight is linked to movement in the landscape, trapping and detection rates, and underpins the success of pest management tactics, it is particularly important to understand how thermal history may affect pest insect flight performance. We investigated the tethered‐flight performance of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), acclimated for 48 h at 20, 25 or 30 °C and tested at 25 °C. We recorded the total distance, average speed, number of flight events and time spent flying during 2‐h tests. We also characterized morphometric traits (body mass, wing shape and wing loading) that can affect flight performance.

Results

The main factor affecting most flight traits was body mass. The heaviest species, B. dorsalis, flew further, was faster and stopped less often in comparison with the two other species. Bactrocera species exhibited faster and longer flight when compared with C. capitata, which may be associated with the shape of their wings. Moreover, thermal acclimation had sex‐ and species‐specific effects on flight performance. Flies acclimated at 20 °C stopped more often, spent less time flying and, ultimately, covered shorter distances.

Conclusion

Flight performance of B. dorsalis is greater than that of B. zonata and C. capitata. The effects of thermal acclimation are species‐specific. Warmer acclimation temperatures may allow pest fruit flies to disperse further and faster. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Model‐based meta‐analysis of ethnic differences and their variabilities in clearance of oral drugs classified by clearance mechanism
Authors: Sato Hiromi , Marutani Rika , Takaoka Ryota , Mori‐Fegan Daniel , Wang Xinying , Maeda Kazuya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi , Yoshioka Hideki , Hisaka Akihiro
Published: June 2023

In this study, the ethnic ratios (ERs) of oral clearance between Japanese and Western populations were subjected to model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) for 81 drugs evaluated in 673 clinical studies. The drugs were classified into eight groups according to the clearance mechanism, and the ER for each group was inferred together with interindividual variability (IIV), interstudy variability (ISV), and inter‐drug variability within a group (IDV) using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The ER, IIV, ISV, and IDV were dependent on the clearance mechanism, and, except for particular groups such as drugs metabolized by polymorphic enzymes or their clearance mechanism is not confirmative, the ethnic difference was found to be generally small. The IIV was well‐matched across ethnicities, and the ISV was approximately half of the IIV as the coefficient of variation. To adequately assess ethnic differences in oral clearance without false detections, phase I studies should be designed with full consideration of the mechanism of clearance. This study suggests that the methodology of classifying drugs based on the mechanism that causes ethnic differences and performing MBMA with statistical techniques such as MCMC analysis is helpful for a rational understanding of ethnic differences and for strategic drug development.
Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition‐Grown AlScN for Microelectromechanical‐Based Acoustic Filter Applications
Authors: Moe Craig G. , Leathersich Jeff , Carlstrom Devon , Bi Frank , Kim Daeho , Shealy Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2023

AlScN films are produced in a commercial metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system modified to low‐vapor‐pressure Sc metal–organic precursors. Growth conditions are optimized for surface morphology, film stress, and piezoelectric coefficient across a range of compositions. Epitaxial structures are designed to eliminate internal tensile stresses that develop during the film growth as well as prevent surface adatom interactions unique to the MOCVD process. From these films, wide‐bandwidth resonators and filters are manufactured using a novel microelectromechanical‐based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) transfer process. When tested on‐wafer, resonators exhibit a of 10.5%, and a value of 1400. Ladder‐type RF filters using these resonators are fabricated at 6.2 GHz and show improved performance over filters fabricated using physical vapor deposition‐deposited AlScN.
Y‐Stabilized ZrO2 as a Promising Wafer Material for the Epitaxial Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Rongbin , Schmidbauer Martin , Koch Norbert , Martin Jens , Sadofev Sergey
Published: June 2023

Y‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) as a promising single‐crystal wafer material for the epitaxial growth of transition metal dichalcogenides applicable for both physical (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes is used. MoS2 layers grown on YSZ (111) exhibit sixfold symmetry and in‐plane epitaxial relationship with the wafer of () MoS2 || () YSZ. The PVD‐grown submonolayer thin films show nucleation of MoS2 islands with a lateral size of up to 100 nm and a preferential alignment along the substrate step edges. The layers exhibit a strong photoluminescence yield as expected for the 2H‐phase of MoS2 in a single monolayer limit. The CVD‐grown samples are composed of triangular islands of several micrometers in size in the presence of antiparallel domains. The results represent a promising route toward fabrication of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline transition metal dichalcogenide layers with a tunable layer thickness on commercially available wafers.
Successful treatment of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease complicated by a refractory pneumomediastinum in a patient with anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Jiang Lili , Chen Hong , Duan Lihua
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis (anti‐MDA5+ DM) is a distinct subtype of DM, which is characterized by typical cutaneous features, minimal or no muscle involvement and notable interstitial lung disease, which typically progresses rapidly and has a high mortality. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PNM), a relatively unusual but serious complication of anti‐MDA5+ DM, further increases mortality. Currently, there is no generally accepted treatment regimen for anti‐MDA5+ DM‐associated PNM.

Case Description

A 53‐year‐old man with anti‐MDA5+ DM presented with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease that progressed to diffuse subcutaneous emphysema and PNM despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapies. He responded well to combined anti‐infection treatments, moderate immunotherapy, and continuous oxygen therapy.

Conclusion

Comprehensive screening for potential infections, as well as close monitoring of the patient's immune status is essential for individualizing treatment and maximizing prognosis.
Multilevel joint frailty model for hierarchically clustered binary and survival data
Authors: Tawiah Richard , Bondell Howard
Published: June 2023

Hierarchical data arise when observations are clustered into groups. Multilevel models are practically useful in these settings, but these models are elusive in the context of hierarchical data with mixed multivariate outcomes. In this article, we consider binary and survival outcomes and assume the hierarchical structure is induced by clustering of both outcomes within patients and clustering of patients within hospitals which frequently occur in multicenter studies. We introduce a multilevel joint frailty model that analyzes the outcomes simultaneously to jointly estimate their regression parameters and explicitly model within‐patient correlation between the outcomes and within‐hospital correlation separately for each outcome. Estimation is facilitated by a computationally efficient residual maximum likelihood method that further predicts cluster‐specific frailties for both outcomes and circumvents the formidable challenges induced by multidimensional integration that complicates the underlying likelihood. The performance of the model and estimation procedure is investigated via extensive simulation studies. The practical utility of the model is illustrated through simultaneous modeling of disease‐free survival and binary endpoint of platelet recovery in a multicenter allogeneic bone marrow transplantation dataset that motivates this study.
Photoelectrochemical Valorization of Biomass Derivatives with Hematite Photoanodes Modified by Cocatalysts
Authors: Carrai Irene , Mazzaro Raffaello , Bassan Elena , Morselli Giacomo , Piccioni Alberto , Grandi Silvia , Caramori Stefano , Ceroni Paola , Pasquini Luca
Published: June 2023

The solar‐driven oxidation of biomass to valuable chemicals is rising as a promising anodic reaction in photoelectrochemical cells, replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction and improving the added value of the energy conversion process. Herein, the photooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is performed in basic aqueous environment (borate buffer, pH 9.2), with the addition of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) as redox mediator. Because of its good stability, cost‐effectiveness, and nontoxicity, titanium‐modified hematite (Ti:Fe2O3) photoanodes are investigated to this aim, and their performance is tuned by engineering the semiconductor surface with a thin layer of Co‐based cocatalysts, i.e., cobalt iron oxide (CoFeO
x
) and cobalt phosphate (CoPi). Interestingly, the electrode modified with CoPi shows improved efficiency and selectivity toward the final product FDCA The source of this enhancement is correlated to the effect of the cocatalyst on the charge carrier dynamics, which is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the results of the latter are interpreted through a novel approach called Lasso distribution of relaxation time, revealing that CoPi cocatalyst is effective in the suppression of the recombination processes and in the enhancement of direct hole transfer to TEMPO.
Simultaneous determination of paclitaxel and dasatinib in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic study on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yin Jun , Yang Yu , Huang Ruiyan , Hu Penghui , Shu Chang
Published: June 2023

For most cancers, drugs in combination with chemotherapy is a promising way. Dasatinib in combination with paclitaxel can potentially be used to overcome triple‐negative breast cancer. In this work, we established an liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of dasatinib and paclitaxel. Tert‐Butyl methyl ether was used to extract paclitaxel, dasatinib, and docetaxel (Internal standard). The study used multiple reaction monitoring mode with electrospray ionization . Monitoring ion pairs for paclitaxel and dasatinib was m/z 876.2→308.2 and m/z 488.3→401.1, respectively. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hedera ODS‐2 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm; Hanbon Science and Technology, China) maintained at 40°C. The mobile phase was acetonitrile containing 0.3% formic acid (B) and water (A). The gradient elution procedure was used: 0–1 min, 70% B; 1.1–4 min, 90% B; 4.1–7 min, 70% B. The results satisfied the requirements of biological sample determination. The liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of rats. The rats were simultaneously injected with dasatinib and paclitaxel by tail vein. What is more, this presented method could provide technical support for the clinical combination of these two drugs.