bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptual discrimination in the face perception of robots is attenuated compared to humans
Authors: Abubshait Abdulaziz , Weis Patrick P. , Momen Ali , Wiese Eva
Published: October 2023

When interacting with groups of robots, we tend to perceive them as a homogenous group where all group members have similar capabilities. This overgeneralization of capabilities is potentially due to a lack of perceptual experience with robots or a lack of motivation to see them as individuals (i.e.,individuation). This can undermine trust and performance in human–robot teams. One way to overcome this issue is by designing robots that can be individuated such that each team member can be provided tasks based on its actual skills. In two experiments, we examine if humans can effectively individuate robots: Experiment 1 (n = 225) investigates how individuation performance of robot stimuli compares to that of human stimuli that either belong to a social ingroup or outgroup. Experiment 2 (n = 177) examines to what extent robots’ physical human-likeness (high versus low) affects individuation performance. Results show that although humans are able to individuate robots, they seem to individuate them to a lesser extent than both ingroup and outgroup human stimuli (Experiment 1). Furthermore, robots that are physically more humanlike are initially individuated better compared to robots that are physically less humanlike; this effect, however, diminishes over the course of the experiment, suggesting that the individuation of robots can be learned quite quickly (Experiment 2). Whether differences in individuation performance with robot versus human stimuli is primarily due to a reduced perceptual experience with robot stimuli or due to motivational aspects (i.e., robots as potential social outgroup) should be examined in future studies.
Paternity share predicts sons’ fetal testosterone
Authors: Fishman Ruth , Koren Lee , Ben-Shlomo Rachel , Shanas Uri , Vortman Yoni
Published: October 2023

Multiple paternity is common in many species. While its benefits for males are obvious, for females they are less clear. Female indirect benefits may include acquiring ‘good genes’ for offspring or increasing litter genetic diversity. The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a successful invasive species. In its native habitat, it is polygynous, with larger and more aggressive males monopolizing paternity. Here, using culled nutria we genetically examined multiple paternity in-utero and found a high incidence of multiple paternity and maintenance of the number of fathers throughout gestation. Moreover, male fetuses sired by the prominent male have higher testosterone levels. Despite being retained, male fetuses of ‘rare’ fathers, siring commonly only one of the fetuses in the litter, have lower testosterone levels. Considering the reproductive skew of nutria males, if females are selected for sons with higher future reproductive success, low testosterone male fetuses are expected to be selected against. A possible ultimate explanation for maintaining multiple paternity could be that nutria females select for litter genetic diversity e.g., a bet-hedging strategy, even at the possible cost of reducing the reproductive success of some of their sons. Reproductive strategies that maintain genetic diversity may be especially beneficial for invasive species, as they often invade through a genetic bottleneck.
Influence of drug and polymer molecular weight on release kinetics from HEMA and HPMA hydrogels
Authors: Toews Parker , Bates Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

Drug release kinetics in two compositions of methacrylate hydrogels were monitored as a function of the hydrogel and drug molecular weight. Through modifying the molecular weight of hydrogels, it was demonstrated how the release could be tuned, allowing for increased stability of hydrogels and enhanced release performance. Spectroscopy techniques such as FTIR and UV–Vis–NIR provided inferences into the chemical structure, target molecule concentration, and optical performance of the studied hydrogels. By studying the 30-day target molecule loading stability of the hydrogels, a relationship between the drug and hydrogel molecular weight, and the drug release kinetics could be determined.
Association between high emotional demand at work, burnout symptoms, and sleep disturbance among Korean workers: a cross-sectional mediation analysis
Authors: Baek Seong-Uk , Yoon Jin-Ha , Won Jong-Uk
Published: October 2023

We explored the mediating role of burnout on the association between EDW and sleep disturbances. Our study included 18,744 Korean workers. Respondents were grouped into four levels (none, low, moderate, and high) based on their exposure to two EDW factors: handling angry clients (HAC) and hiding emotion (HE). Mediation models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to those not exposed, low, moderate, and high HAC increased odds of sleep disturbance by 1.52 (95% CI 1.30–1.78), 3.20 (95% CI 2.57–3.98), and 3.28 (95% CI 2.77–3.88) times, respectively. The indirect effect via burnout accounted for 29.9%, 24.1%, and 23.6% of the total effect, respectively, with estimates of 1.13 (95% CI 1.11–1.16), 1.32 (95% CI 1.26–1.39), and 1.32 (95% CI 1.27–1.37). Low, moderate, and high HE increased the odds of sleep disturbance by 1.45 (95% CI 0.93–2.28), 2.38 (95% CI 1.57–3.61), and 3.14 (95% CI 2.08–4.71) times, respectively. The indirect effect via burnout accounted for 10.5%, 29.7%, and 33.1% of the total effect, with estimates of 1.04 (95% CI 0.98–1.10), 1.29 (95% CI 1.22–1.37), and 1.46 (95% CI 1.38–1.55), respectively. Effective policies are required to protect the psychological wellbeing of workers who frequently engage in interpersonal tasks.
Effect of microstructure refinement of pure copper on improving the performance of electrodes in electro discharge machining (EDM)
Authors: Skiba Jacek , Kulczyk Mariusz , Przybysz-Gloc Sylwia , Skorupska Monika , Kobus Mariusz , Nowak Kamil
Published: October 2023

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of plastic deformation using hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the structural, mechanical and functional properties of pure copper for use as electrodes in the process of electro discharge machining (EDM). As part of the research, copper was subjected to the HE process with the maximum cumulative true strain equal to ɛcum = 3.89 obtained in 5 stages. The result was, a refinement of the microstructure with the grains elongated in the direction of extrusion, with a cross-sectional size of d2 = 228 nm. As the obtained material can be potentially used in the process of electro discharge machining, the copper specimens after the HE process were subjected to a comprehensive analysis to determine the mechanical, physical and functional properties of the material. A significant increase in strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of the HE-processed copper was obtained, reaching respectively UTS = 464 MPa and YS = 456 MPa at the maximum strain of ɛ = 3.89. Despite the clear strain-induced strengthening of the material, a very high electrical conductivity of not less than 97% was obtained. The electrodes made of copper after HE process have reduced erosion wear while maintaining a comparable or better quality of the machined surface. The best results were obtained for finish machining, where the electrical discharge wear was lower by 60% compared to the electrode made of non-processed copper. In addition, an improvement in the surface quality after the EDM process by 25% was observed when using the HE-processed electrodes.
Analysis of the changes in quality and characteristics of hot air drying of Xinjiang jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao) following a delayed harvest
Authors: Xu Chao , Yi Xiaokang , Hu Can , Yang Qiaonan , Li Jie , Zhang Jie , Yang Yi
Published: October 2023

Dry processing is ineffective in preserving fresh jujubes (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.), contributing largely to the delayed jujube harvest in Xinjiang. However, no studies have evaluated the impact of delayed harvest periods on processing quality. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of different delayed harvest periods on the characteristics of the quality of jujubes in Xinjiang after hot air drying. Six batches (S1–S6) were sampled over a 7-d period. Various indicators of jujubes changed significantly during the extended harvest period (P < 0.05). The water content of the fruit decreased progressively. While the percentages of soluble solids, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased continuously, the total weight of these parameters in a single jujube fruit decreased continuously. The proportion of ascorbic acid, total weight, and drying time decreased steadily. The fruit had the highest ascorbic acid content at the S4 stage after hot air drying (87.14 mg 100 g−1). Fewer color differences were recorded in hot air-dried fruits as compared with fresh jujubes; the cracking rate decreased after hot air drying, but the fruit could be rehydrated more effectively. A comprehensive evaluation revealed that jujubes harvested in the S4 stage were better suited for dry processing.
Relative contributions of oculomotor capture and disengagement to distractor-related dwell times in visual search
Authors: Stefani Maximilian , Sauter Marian
Published: October 2023

In visual search, attention is reliably captured by salient distractors and must be actively disengaged from them to reach the target. In such attentional capture paradigms, dwell time is measured on distractors that appear in the periphery (e.g., on a random location on a circle). Distractor-related dwell time is typically thought to be largely due to stimulus-driven processes related to oculomotor capture dynamics. However, the extent to which oculomotor capture and oculomotor disengagement contribute to distractor dwell time has not been known because standard attentional capture paradigms cannot decouple these processes. In the present study, we used a novel paradigm combining classical attentional capture trials and delayed disengagement trials. We measured eye movements to dissociate the capture and disengagement mechanisms underlying distractor dwell time. We found that only two-thirds of distractor dwell time (~ 52 ms) can be explained by oculomotor capture, while one-third is explained by oculomotor disengagement (~ 18 ms), which has been neglected or underestimated in previous studies. Thus, oculomotor disengagement (goal-directed) processes play a more significant role in distractor dwell times than previously thought.
The impact of different distractions on outdoor visual search and object memory
Authors: Nachtnebel Sarah Jasmin , Cambronero-Delgadillo Alejandro Javier , Helmers Linda , Ischebeck Anja , Höfler Margit
Published: October 2023

We investigated whether and how different types of search distractions affect visual search behavior and target memory while participants searched in a real-world environment. They searched either undistracted (control condition), listened to a podcast (auditory distraction), counted down aloud at intervals of three while searching (executive working memory load), or were forced to stop the search on half of the trials (time pressure). In line with findings from laboratory settings, participants searched longer but made fewer errors when the target was absent than when it was present, regardless of distraction condition. Furthermore, compared to the auditory distraction condition, the executive working memory load led to higher error rates (but not longer search times). In a surprise memory test after the end of the search tasks, recognition was better for previously present targets than for absent targets. Again, this was regardless of the previous distraction condition, although significantly fewer targets were remembered by the participants in the executive working memory load condition than by those in the control condition. The findings suggest that executive working memory load, but likely not auditory distraction and time pressure affected visual search performance and target memory in a real-world environment.
Critical circumferential wavelength of elastic buckling of longitudinal compressed thin-walled cylindrical shells
Authors: Ji Ming
Published: October 2023

The classical theory of elastic critical buckling stress works well for slender columns and thin flat plates under compression; however, the situation is different for longitudinally compressed thin-walled circular cylindrical shells, and the issue has plagued us despite considerable efforts over the last 100 years. We noticed that all such buckling analyses thus far, both linear and nonlinear, in terms of the main philosophy, inherited and were confined to Euler’s pioneering solution for the slender column model that focuses on the longitudinal buckling deformation mode and should be classified as the ‘longitudinal open-loop’ eigenmode because the deformations of the two longitudinal ends are physically independent of each other. In view of this, for an ideal linear-elastic buckling model of a thin-walled perfectly circular cylindrical shell under uniform longitudinal compression on the foundation of the longitudinal open-loop eigenmode solution, it is also necessary to consider a ‘circumferential closed-loop’ eigenmode simultaneously to physically avoid violating the reality of its ideal periodic deformation on the entire perimeter and to mathematically redefine the biunique and precise relationship for each distinct eigenmode by the critical circumferential wavelength. Originating from such a case study, the mathematical uniqueness issue hidden in the general solution of the Donnell equation is further discussed. The authenticity of the competing eigenmode characterized by the Koiter circle is also discussed. Furthermore, a preliminary attempt was conducted to interpret the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental buckling loads, mainly initiated by the characteristic type of longitudinally generated circumferential local inward displacement in initial geometric imperfections, using the insights herein.
Effect of chemical species and temperature on the stability of air nanobubbles
Authors: Montazeri Seyed Mohammad , Kalogerakis Nicolas , Kolliopoulos Georgios
Published: October 2023

The colloidal stability of air nanobubbles (NBs) was studied at different temperatures (0–30 °C) and in the presence of sulfates, typically found in mining effluents, in a wide range of Na2SO4 concentrations (0.001 to 1 M), along with the effect of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate), chloride salts (NaCl), and acid/base reagents at a pH range from 4 to 9. Using a nanobubble generator based on hydrodynamic cavitation, 1.2 × 108 bubbles/mL with a typical radius of 84.66 ± 7.88 nm were generated in deionized water. Multiple evidence is provided to prove their presence in suspension, including the Tyndall effect, dynamic light scattering, and nanoparticle size analysis. Zeta potential measurements revealed that NBs are negatively charged even after two months (from − 19.48 ± 1.89 to − 10.13 ± 1.71 mV), suggesting that their stability is due to the negative charge on their surface. NBs were found to be more stable in alkaline solutions compared to acidic ones. Further, low amounts of both chloride and sulfate dissolved salts led to a reduction of the size of NBs. However, when high amounts of dissolved salts are present, NBs are more likely to coalesce, and their size to be increased. Finally, the investigation of the stability of air NBs at low temperatures revealed a non-monotonic relationship between temperature and NBs upon considering water self-ionization and ion mobility. This research aims to open a new frontier towards the application of the highly innovative NBs technology on the treatment of mining, mineral, and metal processing effluents, which are challenging aqueous solutions containing chloride and sulfate species.
Granular vortex spin-torque nano oscillator for reservoir computing
Authors: Shreya S. , Jenkins A. S. , Rezaeiyan Y. , Li R. , Böhnert T. , Benetti L. , Ferreira R. , Moradi F. , Farkhani H.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the granularity in the free layer of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) and its potential to function as a reservoir for reservoir computing where grains act as oscillatory neurons while the device is in the vortex state. The input of the reservoir is applied in the form of a magnetic field which can pin the vortex core into different grains of the device in the magnetic vortex state. The oscillation frequency and MTJ resistance vary across different grains in a non-linear fashion making them great candidates to be served as the reservoir's outputs for classification objectives. Hence, we propose an experimentally validated area-efficient single granular vortex spin-torque nano oscillator (GV-STNO) device in which pinning sites work as random reservoirs that can emulate neuronal functions. We harness the nonlinear oscillation frequency and resistance exhibited by the vortex core granular pinning of the GV-STNO reservoir computing system to demonstrate waveform classification.
Serum anion gap is associated with mortality in intensive care unit patients with diastolic heart failure
Authors: Xu Hongyu , Xia Jiangling , Wang An , Zong Liwu , An Xiaona , Sun Xiaoling
Published: October 2023

Serum anion gap (AG) is closely related to mortality in critically ill patients with several diseases. We aimed to determine the relationship between serum AG levels and 28-day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF). This cohort study enrolled critically ill patients with DHF from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Serum AG levels were calculated using the traditional and albumin-adjusted methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline curves were used to determine the correlation between serum AG levels and 28-day ICU mortality. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) to compare the ability of traditional and albumin-adjusted AG to predict mortality. Overall, 3290 patients were included. Multivariate analysis showed an association of high levels of traditional (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.98, p = 0.009) and albumin-adjusted AG (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02–1.79, p = 0.033) with higher risk of 28-day ICU mortality. Restricted cubic spline curves indicated a linear relationship between AG level and 28-day ICU mortality. Comparison of the ROC curves revealed that albumin-adjusted AG had a greater ability to predict 28-day ICU mortality compared with traditional AG (AUCs of 0.569 [95% CI, 0.536–0.601] and 0.619 [95% CI, 0.588–0.649], respectively). In ICU patients with DHF, higher levels of traditional and albumin-adjusted AG were associated with higher 28-day ICU mortality. Albumin-adjusted AG exhibited greater predictive ability for mortality compared with traditional AG.
Gold nanowire mesh electrode for electromechanical device
Authors: Ikeda Taichi
Published: October 2023

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators were prepared with Nafion film as the ionic polymer and gold nanowire (Au-NW) mesh film as the metal electrodes by hot-pressing, which shortened preparation time within 1 h. As a reference, IPMC actuator consisting of Nafion film and gold foil (Au-foil) was also prepared. Au-NW mesh film can be an electrode with thinner (about 150 nm) and lower surface resistivity (about 0.5 Ω sq−1) than the conventional electrode prepared by electroless plating. Larger contact area of the Au-NW mesh electrode than the Au-foil electrode resulted in better actuation performance (60% larger peak-to-peak displacement in actuation). It was confirmed that the transformation behavior of Au-NWs differed depending on the external stimuli condition. Namely Au-NWs transformed to Au nanoparticles in the case of the heat stimulus only. Meanwhile, Au-NWs transformed to plates in the case of the heat and pressure stimuli. While higher temperature improved the adhesion of Au-NW mesh electrode to the Nafion surface, it induced the transformation of nanowire to plates. The IPMC actuator that the Au-NW mesh electrodes were hot-pressed at 90 ºC exhibited the highest capacitance and the largest peak-to-peak displacement in actuation. This research expanded the application field of gold nanowires to the electromechanical devices.
Analysis of the coupled and coordinated development of sports and tourism industries and the driving factors
Authors: Cheng Maoteng , Zhang Lu , Li Danyi
Published: October 2023

The Yellow River Basin has a wealth of tourism resources, a long history of folk sports, and strong legislative support, all of which are advantages for the growth of the sports tourism sector. This study constructs an evaluation index system based on panel data from nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020, and then measures the development index and analyzes the driving factors using the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation method, and grey correlation analysis method. The findings demonstrate that (1) the Yellow River Basin's overall level of growth in the sports and tourist sectors exhibits a consistent and upward trend and that Shandong and Henan provinces clearly have an edge over other provinces in terms of development. (2) The geographical development pattern was lower Yellow River > upper Yellow River > middle Yellow River, and the coupling coordination status shifted from slight disorder to good coordination. (3) There is a close connection between sports tourism and variables including population density, financial prowess, and infrastructure growth. The employment population index has the smallest link with invention patent authorization. The macro-policy framework should therefore be strengthened in the future, the sports tourism infrastructure should be improved, and the Yellow River basin's unique sports tourism resources should be fully utilized in order to increase brand influence. In addition, new sports tourism products should be developed in response to market demand and consumer preferences, and enterprise innovation and research and development efforts should be increased in order to achieve high-quality development transformation.
Evaluating metal oxide nanoparticle (MeOx NP) toxicity with different types of nano descriptors mainly focusing on simple periodic table-based descriptors: a mini-review
Authors: Roy Joyita , Roy Kunal
Published: October 2023

Given the rapid growth of nanotechnology, it is essential to know the hazardous effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeOx NPs) posed to living organisms within the ecosystem.
Synergistic activation of persulfate by a manganese cobalt oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced degradation of trichloroethylene
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ji Pengfei , Song Rui , Li Jiayuan , Qin Kaifeng , Xu Gang
Published: October 2023

Advanced oxidation technology based on persulfate is one of the most reliable and effective technologies for the degradation of wastewater, however the key lies in developing highly efficient catalysts to activate persulfate.
A silver metal–organic cage with antibacterial activity for wound healing
Authors: Chen Linlin , Cheng Jing , Wang Longjie , Fan Wenwen , Lu Zhixiang , Zheng Liyan
Published: October 2023

In this study, owing to their photosensitivity and the positive charge, Ag-TBI-TPE cage with excellent antibacterial activity and negligible toxicity to animals was applied to accelerate the wound healing process on mice.
Density functional theory study of the corrosion inhibition performance of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine expired drugs toward the aluminium (111) surface
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Moussa Nayra A. M. , Mahmoud Amna H. M. , Sayed Shaban R. M. , Sidhom Peter A. , Abd El-Rahman Mohamed K. , Shoeib Tamer , Mohamed Lamiaa A.
Published: October 2023

The efficiency of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors of aluminium surface was thoroughly assessed using DFT method.
Cytotoxicity, anti-diabeticity, and phytocomposition investigation of Vietnamese Euphorbia tithymaloides Linn. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Duy Khang Nguyen Vu , Hong Dao Dinh Thi , Thanh Mai Nguyen Thi , Le Quan Tran , Thi Y Nhi Nguyen
Published: October 2023

The Vietnamese Euphorbia tithymaloides were investigated on some bioactivities and phytocomposition. Its isolated compounds were structurally elucidated, compared with other scientific data, and evaluated on some bioactivities.
Roles of aqueous nonsolvents influencing the dynamic stability of poly-(n-butyl methacrylate) thin films at biologically relevant temperatures
Authors: Sarkar Jotypriya , Madhusudanan Mithun , V. C. Chandni , Choyal Shilpa , Chowdhury Mithun
Published: October 2023

A combined effect of plasticization, surface tension and polar interactions in poly-(n-butyl methacrylate) thin film dictates its stability in aqueous nonsolvent incubation media at temperatures relevant to biological applications.
Supramolecular virtual crystal: a fast and accurate guideline for molecular passivation of perovskite materials
Authors: Alvarez-Quiceno Juan Camilo , Osorio-Guillén Jorge Mario , Pochet Pascal
Published: October 2023

Through systematic study of the passivation of the CH3NH3PbI3 surface with different ammonium molecules, we introduce the concept of the Supramolecular Virtual Crystal (SVC) and propose a novel method to design the molecular passivation of the HOIP surface.
Superior energy storage performance realized in antiferroelectric 0.10 wt% MnO2–AgNbO3 ceramics via Bi-doping induced phase engineering
Authors: Wang Jing , Fan Xuhui , Liu Zhen , Zhu Kongjun , Yuan Hao , Zheng Zehan , Zhao Lei , Zhang Ji , Yuan Qibin , Li Jing-Feng
Published: October 2023

Antiferroelectric and paraelectric phases coexist at RT in AgNbO3 ceramics, contributing to record-high energy density, ultrahigh efficiency and breakdown strength.
Protein-induced modifications in crystal morphology of a hydrogen-bonded organic framework
Authors: Flint Kate L. , Evans Jack D. , Carraro Francesco , Renner Simon , Linder-Patton Oliver M. , Amenitsch Heinz , Falconer Robert J. , White Nicholas G. , Sumby Christopher J. , Falcaro Paolo , Doonan Christian J.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we studied the encapsulation of a range of proteins in a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) comprised of a tetraamidinium cation and diazobenzene-based dicarboxylate anion.
α/β-Ni(OH)2 phase control by F-ion incorporation to optimise hybrid supercapacitor performance
Authors: Yi Xuerui , Celorrio Veronica , Zhang Haoyu , Robertson Neil , Kirk Caroline
Published: October 2023

Intimately phase-mixed α/β-Ni(OH)2 can be selectively synthesised by control of fluoride ion concentration and shows better stability/capacity trade-off than α or β phases alone.
Advances in ultrasound-assisted photocatalyst synthesis and piezo-photocatalysts
Authors: Zhong Bailing , Li Songqi , Hu Jundie , Yang Xiaogang , Cai Yahui , Li Chang Ming , Qu Jiafu
Published: October 2023

TThe review summarizes progress in ultrasound-assisted photocatalyst synthesis and piezo-photocatalysis, including principles, advantages, applications in water splitting, CO2 conversion, water purification, VOCs removal.
Transfer-based nuclear magnetic resonance uncovers unique mechanisms for protein–polymer and protein–nanoparticle binding behavior
Authors: Watchorn Jeffrey , Stuart Samantha , Clasky Aaron J. , Oliveira Matthew H. , Burns Darcy C. , Gu Frank X.
Published: October 2023

DISCO NMR uncovers polymers switch protein binding behavior without chemical modification when incorporated into nanoparticle structures.
Gaia view of primitive inner-belt asteroid families
Authors: Delbo M. , Avdellidou C. , Walsh K. J.
Published: October 2023

Aims. The near-Earth asteroids Ryugu and Bennu were visited, characterised, and sampled by the Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx missions, where remote sensing data and sample return analysis showed that both asteroids have primitive, hydrated, and organic-rich compositions. The dark families of the inner main belt that belong to the spectroscopic C-complex have been claimed to be the sources of both Ryugu and Bennu, and hence there have been large efforts to spectroscopically characterise them by ground-based observations.

Methods. Here we used the Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) asteroid reflectance spectra in order to characterise the 11 known inner main belt C-complex families (Chaldaea, Chimaera, Clarissa, Erigone, Eulalia, Klio, Polana, Primordial, Sulamitis, Svea, Tamara), using space-borne visible-light spectroscopic observations. For each family we extracted the family members that have known geometric visible albedo values and Gaia DR3 data, and we created an average reflectance spectrum per family between 370 and 950 nm. These averages were then compared with the ground-based visible spectroscopic surveys of the same families, and to Bennu’s and Ryugu’s space- and ground-based spectra in the same wavelength range.

Results. Gaia DR3 reflectance spectra of the dark asteroid families of the inner main belt are in general consistent with previous findings. The only exception is the case of the Svea family: previous surveys classified its members as B-types, whereas the average reflectance spectrum from Gaia DR3 is similar to a C-type. We also showed that the Polana and the Eulalia families can be distinguished in the wavelength region 370–500 nm. Among all the primitive inner main belt families, we found that the average reflectance spectra of the Eulalia and Polana families are the most similar to those of Bennu and Ryugu, respectively. In particular, Eulalia family’s average spectrum is a good match to Bennu’s in the wavelength range 450–800 nm, while beyond 800 nm the spectrum of Bennu is bluer than that of Eulalia. Moreover, the spectrum of the Polana family has the smallest discrepancy (smallest χ2) against the spectrum of Ryugu, although this match is formally unsatisfactory (reduced χ2 ~ 1.9).
Power dense thermophotovoltaic cells
Authors: Kirk Alexander P.
Published: October 2023

Class-leading 2-junction (2J) thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells have been developed with thermophotovoltaic efficiency exceeding 40%. However, these devices have sub-optimal power density because the subcell bandgaps are not matched to the emitter spectrum. Although efficiency is important, power density is also an important metric to gauge TPV cell performance; the greater the power density, the less total area of TPV cells that are needed to satisfy a given power generation target. To quantify the relevance of power density, spectrum-matched 1.04/0.78/0.62/0.48/0.36 eV 5-junction (5J) TPV cells have the potential to be 3.5 times more power dense than state-of-the-art, yet spectrum-mismatched, 1.4/1.2 eV 2J TPV cells when irradiated by a 2400 °C emitter. The proposed 5J TPV cells also have the potential to exceed 40% standard power conversion efficiency.
Discharge of iodine-containing contrast media into the environment – problem analysis and implementation of measures to reduce discharge by means of separation toilets – experience from a pilot project
Authors: Beer Meinrad , Schuler Johannes , Kraus Elena , Zhou Shaoxia , Stanzel Stefan , Lorenz Stefanie , Rygula Alexander , Schmidt Stefan Andreas , Niederste-Hollenberg Jutta
Published: October 2023

Purpose Environmental aspects and sustainability are becoming increasingly important. In addition to energy consumption, the consumption and environmental discharge of contrast agents pose a particular challenge. Because of their desired stability, X-ray contrast agents (XCAs) are deposited in surface water at a rate of up to 400 tons per year.

Materials and Methods In a pilot project, a set of measures (installation of specific separation toilets, the establishment of feedback systems, interviews, questionnaires, and observation) was implemented to sensitize patients and staff to the problem of XCAs during outpatient CT examinations and a retention and recovery system for XCAs was evaluated.

Results In the initial baseline phase, a separation toilet with an additional collection system and a feedback/button system was installed. The built-in feedback system indicated that the separation toilets were used by approx. 16 % of patients without measures. In two subsequent intervention phases, accompanying measures significantly (p < 0.01) increased the use of these separation toilets to 21 % and 25 %, respectively. The measures to reduce the discharge of XCAs were positively assessed by both staff and patients.

Conclusion Measures to reduce the discharge of XCAs into the environment have a high acceptance among staff and patients. The subsequent installation of separation toilets is one possibility to achieve on-site retention of XCAs. However, this measure is likely to be of high value only if patients stay on site for a correspondingly long time, as is the case in cardiology, for example.

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Citation Format
Preferred techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy: a survey of expert endosonographers
Authors: Magahis Patrick T. , Salgado Sanjay , Westerveld Donevan , Dawod Enad , Carr-Locke David L. , Sampath Kartik , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Mahadev Srihari
Published: October 2023

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is an emerging procedure that lacks technical standardization with limited adoption beyond expert centers. We surveyed high-volume endosonographers about the technical aspects of EUS-GE to describe how the procedure is currently performed at expert centers and identify targets for standardization.

Methods Invitations to complete an electronic survey were distributed to 21 expert EUS practitioners at 19 U.S. centers. Respondents were surveyed about technical aspects of EUS-GE, indications, efficacy, safety, and attitudes toward the procedure.

Results All 21 (100%) invited expert endoscopists completed the survey. Nine (42.9%) reported performing >10 EUS-GEs in the last 12 months. About half (47.6%, 10/21) puncture the target loop prior to lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) introduction, most often to confirm the loop is jejunum. No respondents reported guidewire placement prior to LAMS introduction. Most (71.4%, 15/21) do not use a guidewire at any time, while 28.6% (6/21) reported wire placement after distal flange deployment to secure the tract during apposition. Eight (38.1%, 8/21) reported at least one major adverse event, most commonly intraperitoneal LAMS deployment (87.5%, 7/8). Factors most often reported as advantageous for EUS-GE over enteral stenting included lack of papilla interference (33.3%, 7/21) and decreased occlusion risk (23.8%, 5/21).

Conclusions Significant variation in performance technique for EUS-GE exists among expert US endoscopists, which may hinder widespread adoption and contribute to inconsistencies in reported patient outcomes. The granularity provided by these survey results may identify areas to focus standardization efforts and guide future studies on developing an ideal EUS-GE protocol.
Mitigating emotional risks in human-social robot interactions through virtual interactive environment indication
Authors: Bao Aorigele , Zeng Yi , Lu Enmeng
Published: October 2023

Humans often unconsciously perceive social robots involved in their lives as partners rather than mere tools, imbuing them with qualities of companionship. This anthropomorphization can lead to a spectrum of emotional risks, such as deception, disappointment, and reverse manipulation, that existing approaches struggle to address effectively. In this paper, we argue that a Virtual Interactive Environment (VIE) exists between humans and social robots, which plays a crucial role and demands necessary consideration and clarification in order to mitigate potential emotional risks. By analyzing the relational nature of human-social robot interaction, we discuss the connotation of such a virtual interactive environment that is similar to the emotional states aroused when reading novels. Building on this comprehension, we further demonstrate that manufacturers should carry out comprehensive Virtual Interactive Environment Indication (VIEI) measures during human-social robot interaction with a stricter sense of responsibility when applying social robots. Finally, we contemplate the potential contributions of virtual interactive environment indication to existing robot ethics guidelines.
PMMA based compound kinoform lenses for sub-150 nm hard x-rays focusing
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Yuanze
Published: October 2023

It is the first time to fabricate the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based compound kinoform lenses (CKLs) for nano-focusing of hard x-rays. The PMMA CKLs with a physical aperture of 160 µm and a focal length of 20 mm are designed and fabricated by x-ray LIGA technology at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. To improve the stiffness of the PMMA lines, PMMA sheets with high molecular weight are fabricated, and the results revealed that the PMMA lines with higher molecular weight were much stronger. After optimization, CKLs with the narrowest lines of 4 µm width can achieve 110 µm height and 2.99 nm surface roughness without deformation. The CKLs were tested at the Diamond Light Source, which provided a focal width of 122 nm for 12 keV x rays. Though the PMMA has a poor radiation tolerance, it has a better process tolerance, and it can lay a good foundation for the fabrication of SU8 based CKLs by LIGA technology, which has a better radiation tolerance. Compared to the Si CKLs fabricated by dry etching, the PMMA CKLs are higher in depth, smoother at the sidewall, and have better nanofocusing.
A snoRNA–tRNA modification network governs codon-biased cellular states
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Li Kongpan , Bai Jianhui , Van Damme Ryan , Zhang Wei , Alba Mario , Stiles Bangyan L. , Chen Jian-Fu , Lu Zhipeng
Published: October 2023

The dynamic balance between tRNA supply and codon usage demand is a fundamental principle in the cellular translation economy. However, the regulation and functional consequences of this balance remain unclear. Here, we use PARIS2 interactome capture, structure modeling, conservation analysis, RNA–protein interaction analysis, and modification mapping to reveal the targets of hundreds of snoRNAs, many of which were previously considered orphans. We identify a snoRNA–tRNA interaction network that is required for global tRNA modifications, including 2′-O-methylation and others. Loss of Fibrillarin, the snoRNA-guided 2′-O-methyltransferase, induces global upregulation of tRNA fragments, a large group of regulatory RNAs. In particular, the snoRNAs D97/D133 guide the 2′-O-methylation of multiple tRNAs, especially for the amino acid methionine (Met), a protein-intrinsic antioxidant. Loss of D97/D133 snoRNAs in human HEK293 cells reduced target tRNA levels and induced codon adaptation of the transcriptome and translatome. Both single and double knockouts of D97 and D133 in HEK293 cells suppress Met-enriched proliferation-related gene expression programs, including, translation, splicing, and mitochondrial energy metabolism, and promote Met-depleted programs related to development, differentiation, and morphogenesis. In a mouse embryonic stem cell model of development, knockdown and knockout of D97/D133 promote differentiation to mesoderm and endoderm fates, such as cardiomyocytes, without compromising pluripotency, consistent with the enhanced development-related gene expression programs in human cells. This work solves a decades-old mystery about orphan snoRNAs and reveals a function of snoRNAs in controlling the codon-biased dichotomous cellular states of proliferation and development.
Optionality in the syntax of Germanic traditional dialects
Authors: Moser Ann-Marie
Published: October 2023

While micro-variation, i.e. variation between dialects or among speakers, has been established and proven in recent years as a research discipline in its own right in (also theoretically informed) linguistics, variation within a speaker that cannot be attributed to sociolinguistic variables has, so far, hardly been studied. We call this form of variation – the occurrence of two different structural options for one function – ‘optionality’. We focus on optionality in syntax and identify at least two different types of optionality: while context or co-text plays a role in the first type, neither constraint seems to be relevant to the choice of one option or the other in the second type.
Resemanticising ‘free’ variation
Authors: Nijs Julie , Van de Velde Freek
Published: October 2023

Whether or not languages display ‘free’ variation is a moot point. In this article, we look at a near-synonymous pair in syntax, namely, V1 vs syndetic conditionals in Dutch, and argue that due to diachronic developments, Dutch has been in a situation for quite some time in which these two variants coexist. Despite this coexistence, a state in which they alternate freely is unstable: syntactic/semantic investigation shows that V1 is retreating into a specialised niche of tentativeness and counterfactuality, though the development has not advanced as far as in English, where a similar development can be witnessed. We show the subtle differences between the two types of conditionals with traditional logistic regression as well as with semantic vectors and multidimensional scaling.
Exploring task effects on register variation in second language learners’ writing
Authors: Barkaoui Khaled
Published: October 2023

Task-based research often focuses on the main effects of task variables on measures of complexity, accuracy, and
fluency of second language (L2) writing performance. This study aimed to extend this line of research by examining the main and
interaction effects of task type, learner L2 proficiency, and L2 study on register variation in L2 learners’ writing. Each of 42
Chinese learners of English as a foreign language responded to independent and integrated writing tasks before and after nine
months of English language study. Each essay (N = 168) was rated on level of formality and tagged for various
lexico-syntactic features. Overall, integrated essays were judged to use more formal language and were more informationally dense
than were the independent essays. More proficient students were judged to use more formal language than did less proficient
students. After instruction, students’ writing became more formal, more informationally dense, and more narrative. The findings
and their implications for the teaching and assessment of L2 writing are discussed.
A robust seizure detection and prediction method with feature selection and spatio-temporal casual neural network model
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Li Xin , Wang Shuang , Shen Haibin , Huang Kejie
Published: October 2023

Objective. Epilepsy is a fairly common condition that affects the brain and causes frequent seizures. The sudden and recurring epilepsy brings a series of safety hazards to patients, which seriously affects the quality of their life. Therefore, real-time diagnosis of electroencephalogram (EEG) in epilepsy patients is of great significance. However, the conventional methods take in a tremendous amount of features to train the models, resulting in high computation cost and low portability. Our objective is to propose an efficient, light and robust seizure detecting and predicting algorithm. Approach. The algorithm is based on an interpretative feature selection method and spatial-temporal causal neural network (STCNN). The feature selection method eliminates the interference factors between different features and reduces the model size and training difficulties. The STCNN model takes both temporal and spatial information to accurately and dynamically track and diagnose the changing of the features. Considering the differences between medical application scenarios and patients, leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and cross-patient validation (CPV) methods are used to conduct experiments on the dataset collected at the Children’s Hospital Boston (CHB-MIT), Siena and Kaggle competition datasets. Main results. In LOOCV-based method, the detection accuracy and prediction sensitivity have been improved. A significant improvement is also achieved in the CPV-based method. Significance. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm exhibits superior performance and robustness in seizure detection and prediction, which indicates it has higher capability to deal with different and complicated clinical situations.
The fall of volcanic material from Mount Lawu, Central Java: a case study of magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Putra Shandiyano , Akmal Sumartina Gama , Nawawi Muhammad Irfan , Legowo Budi , Utari  , Kusumandari  , Safani Jamhir , Purnama Budi
Published: October 2023

Mount Lawu was recorded to have erupted last on November 28, 1885, releasing volcanic material including magnetic minerals. The material settles in various places carried by the wind and river flow. The movement of wind and river flow is very influential in the process of transporting volcanic material. Large material directly falls around the mountain, usually in the form of large rocks, and undergoes physical and chemical weathering. Small-sized materials such as volcanic ash and small-mass rocks will be carried by the wind and river flows in all directions. However, the displacement does not remove the magnetic minerals contained in it. Magnetic minerals can be evaluated by the method of rock magnetism using MS. Bartington MS2 device with a dependent MS2B sensor by mass. From this tool, the low field susceptibility values in the range of 1467.5 x 10−8m3/Kg – 5262.1 x 10−8m3/Kg and high field susceptibility in the range of 1467,1 x 10−8m3/Kg. The volcanic material of Mount Lawu belongs to the Ilmenite (FeTiO3) group and belongs to the group of weak magnetism. Then further review the frequency-dependent susceptibility (%) to see the magnetic domains contained in the sample. From the magnetic susceptibility data, the percentage of frequency-dependent susceptibility (%) is less than 2%. From these data, the sample is not included in the superparamagnetic (SP) and in general the sample is classified as a multidomain item (MD).
Relocation of Earthquake Hypocenter Using Double-Difference Method in Western Part of Sumatera
Authors: Sinaga Vania Illona Chrestella , Aolindar Muhammad Alif Fauzan , Pramudita Muchammad Alifiyansyah Nur , Supendi Pepen , Kirana Kartika Hajar , Hasanah Mia Uswatun
Published: October 2023

The western part of Sumatra has a fairly complex tectonic setting where there is a convergent meeting between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. These plates form a subduction zone and also the Sumatran Fault. The subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault cause many earthquakes in western Sumatra. This study will identify the location of the earthquake hypocenter, which is quite accurately obtained by relocating the hypocenter and making a cross-section in order to analyze the subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault. Hypocenter relocation can be done using the double difference (DD) method using the hypoDD program. This study used data on the arrival time of P and S waves from BMKG in the range of January 2016 to December 2020. The results of the relocation indicate that contains several earthquakes in groups with an average depth of fewer than 60 km that is close to the main source of the earthquake, namely the subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault, so it can be said that this area has a high level of seismicity.