bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene variant disentangles nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from cardiovascular disease
Authors: Dongiovanni Paola , Petta Salvatore , Maglio Cristina , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Pipitone Rosaria , Mozzi Enrico , Motta Benedetta Maria , Kaminska Dorota , Rametta Raffaela , Grimaudo Stefania , Pelusi Serena , Montalcini Tiziana , Alisi Anna , Maggioni Marco , Kärjä Vesa , Borén Jan , Käkelä Pirjo , Di Marco Vito , Xing Chao , Nobili Valerio , Dallapiccola Bruno , Craxi Antonio , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Fargion Silvia , Sjöström Lars , Carlsson Lena M. , Romeo Stefano , Valenti Luca
Published: September 2014

Excess hepatic storage of triglycerides is considered a benign condition, but nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may progress to fibrosis and promote atherosclerosis. Carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K variant have fatty liver as a result of reduced secretion of very‐low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs). As a result, they have lower circulating lipids and reduced risk of myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to assess whether TM6SF2 E167K affects liver damage and cardiovascular outcomes in subjects at risk of NASH. Liver damage was evaluated in 1,201 patients who underwent liver biopsy for suspected NASH; 427 were evaluated for carotid atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in 1,819 controls from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) cohort. Presence of the inherited TM6SF2 E167K variant was determined by TaqMan assays. In the liver biopsy cohort, 188 subjects (13%) were carriers of the E167K variant. They had lower serum lipid levels than noncarriers (P < 0.05), had more‐severe steatosis, necroinflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis (P < 0.05), and were more likely to have NASH (odds ratio [OR]: 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23‐2.79) and advanced fibrosis (OR, 2.08; 95% CI: 1.20‐3.55), after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, fasting hyperglycemia, and the I148M PNPLA3 risk variant. However, E167K carriers had lower risk of developing carotid plaques (OR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25‐0.94). In the SOS cohort, E167K carriers had higher alanine aminotransferase ALT and lower lipid levels (P < 0.05), as well as a lower incidence of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39‐0.95). Conclusions: Carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K variant are more susceptible to progressive NASH, but are protected against cardiovascular disease. Our findings suggest that reduced ability to export VLDLs is deleterious for the liver. (Hepatology 2015;61:506‐514)
Work‐To‐Life Conflict and Enrichment Among International Business Travelers: The Role of International Career Orientation
Authors: Mäkelä Liisa , Kinnunen Ulla , Suutari Vesa
Published: September 2014

The present study examines the direct and moderating effects of an international career orientation in the relationship between frequency and duration of international business traveling and work‐to‐life conflict and enrichment. In addition, the effort‐reward imbalance that potentially features in the international business traveler's job was examined in relation to work‐to‐life conflict and enrichment. The study was conducted among 232 Finnish people in jobs requiring international business travel. A moderated hierarchical regression analysis shows that travel of considerable duration and a pronounced effort‐reward imbalance had direct links to work‐to‐life conflict. In contrast, low effort‐reward imbalance and a strong international career orientation had direct links to work‐to‐life enrichment. In addition, having a strong orientation to an international career decreases work‐to‐life conflict when a job requires very frequent traveling, but the moderation effect was not found in relation to duration of traveling. Our findings indicate that interventions aimed at reducing work‐to‐life conflict and increasing work‐to‐life enrichment among international business travelers should focus on fostering a balance between efforts and rewards at work. The extent of employees’ internationalism should also be considered when recruiting people into jobs involving international business travel. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Thermal Behavior of Different Nanofluids on a Rotating Disk
Authors: Mofarahi Masoud , Makarem Mohammad Amin , Jowkar Peyman , Jafarian Benyamin
Published: September 2014

The thermal and velocity profiles of various nanofluid systems on a rotating disk are simulated. Finite difference method, the orthogonal collocation method, and the differential quadrature method (DQM) of numerical approaches are used to solve the governing equations and are compared to determine the faster and more accurate solution procedure. Five nanoparticles Al, Al2O3, Cu, CuO, and TiO2 solved in three base fluids water, ethylene glycol, and engine oil are considered to be used on the disk at different volume fractions. A new general algorithm is presented for solving equations of a rotating‐disk problem quickly and accurately and it is found that the DQM method is the best approach for this numerical simulation. Heat transfer performance of a rotating disk would be much better enhanced with water based Al nanofluid. A wide range of results for different base–fluid combinations with nanoparticles is presented with untransformed 3D results and effects of the variation of different parameters provides comprehensive insight and prevents inaccurate deductions.
Were Financial Flows in Latin America and the Caribbean Shifted by their Crises?
Authors: Delbianco Fernando Andrés , Fioriti Andrés
Published: September 2014

We study in this paper the presence of structural breaks in the capital flows of 16 economies of Latin America using a unit root test. This is complemented with a specific test of structural breaks and another unit root test. Afterward we proceed to analyze the likelihood of contemporaneity between the breaks found and the crises the countries had suffered in the last 40 years. These crises were either of currency, banking, domestic and external debt type. We find many cases of contemporaneity, especially with the crises that occurred at the end of the 90s. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of 4‐Benzylidene‐2‐phenyl‐5(4H)‐oxazolone in Synthesis of Triazine, Oxadiazole and Imidazole Derivatives of Anticipated Biological Activity
Authors: Youssef Ahmed S. A. , El‐Mariah Fatma A. , Abd‐Elmottaleb Fatma T. , Hashem Heba E.
Published: September 2014

Treatment of oxazolone 1 with hydrazine hydrate at room temperature gave the (Z)‐configurated isomer hydrazide (Z)‐3 (high yield). However, refluxing 1 with hydrazine hydrate yielded the (E)‐configurated isomer hydrazide (E)‐2 (low yield).The hydrazide derivative (Z)‐3 has been utilized as synthon for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazinone, imidazolone, and oxadiazole derivatives through appropriate routes. The thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide derivatives are synthesized by different routes. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of IR, 1H‐NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analysis.
Reduction of frontal‐plane hip joint reaction force via medio‐lateral foot center of pressure manipulation: A pilot study
Authors: Solomonow‐Avnon Deborah , Wolf Alon , Herman Amir , Rozen Nimrod , Haim Amir
Published: September 2014

Footwear‐generated biomechanical manipulation of lower‐limb joints has been shown to influence lower‐limb biomechanics. Numerous studies report the influence of such interventions on the knee, however little is known about the influence of these interventions on the hip. The present study analyzed kinetic and kinematic changes about the hip of 12 healthy young males who underwent biomechanical manipulation utilizing the APOS biomechanical device (APOS–Medical and Sports Technologies Ltd., Herzliya, Israel) allowing controlled foot center of pressure manipulation. Subjects underwent gait testing in four para‐sagittal device configurations: Medial, lateral, neutral, and regular shoes. In the medial configuration, subjects demonstrated no change in step width (i.e., distance between right and left foot center of pressure), however inter‐malleolar distance significantly increased. Likewise with the medial setting, greater hip abduction was recorded, while hip adduction moment and joint reaction force decreased significantly. We speculate that subjects adopt a modified gait pattern aimed to maintain constant base of support. As a result, hip abductor muscle moment arm increases and adduction moment and joint reaction force decreases. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show this relationship. These results contribute to the understanding of lower‐limb biomechanics and warrant further investigation. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:261–269, 2015.
Raman spectroscopic study of the formation of fossil resin analogues
Authors: Montoro O. R. , Taravillo M. , San Andrés M. , de la Roja J. M. , Barrero A. F. , Arteaga P. , Baonza V. G.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this work is to provide spectroscopic evidence of possible chemical pathways that took place in the formation of fossil resins Class I. The natural polymerization process is mimicked in the laboratory using pure communic acids (terpene derivatives) as reactants, which were subjected to controlled temperature treatment. We shall focus here on the trans‐, cis‐ and iso‐/mirceo‐ communic acid isomers, and the temperature‐induced reactivity is discussed on the basis of the different arrangements of the conjugated double‐bonds moieties in the monomeric units. Transformations starting at 130, 90 and 127 °C, for trans‐, cis‐ and iso‐communic acids, respectively, led to the formation of intermediate products. The whole process was followed and analyzed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The absence of several Raman signatures suggests conjugation loss in the side‐chain of these intermediate compounds. With increasing temperature, the intermediate products suffer additional maturation reactions to form the final fossil resin analogues object of this work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of melanin‐free ink as a new antioxidative gel enhancer in sardine surimi gel
Authors: Vate Naveen Kumar , Benjakul Soottawat , Agustini Tri Winarni
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

The squid ink that is discarded as waste during processing can be effectively utilised as a gel enhancer in surimi gels, especially those prepared from dark‐fleshed fish which have poor gel properties. It also acts as an antioxidant, inhibiting lipid oxidation. This investigation aimed to study the effect of melanin‐free ink (MFI) from splendid squid (Loligo formosana) on properties and oxidative stability of surimi gel from sardine (Sardinella albella).

RESULTS

MFI (0–0.1 g kg−1 surimi) increased the breaking force and deformation of sardine surimi gel in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The addition of MFI had no effect on whiteness of surimi gels (P > 0.05). The expressible moisture content of gels decreased as the levels of MFI increased (P < 0.05). Based on a microstructure study, gel added with MFI at a level of 0.08 g kg−1 surimi was denser and finer than that of the control (without MFI). Surimi gels with MFI had lower peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nonanal and 2‐decenal.

CONCLUSION

MFI could improve the properties of sardine surimi gel. Additionally, it was able to prevent lipid oxidation in surimi gels during refrigerated storage. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Does body mass index predict tracheal airway size?
Authors: D'Anza Brian , Knight Jesse , Greene J. Scott
Published: September 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the relationship between body mass index along with other anthropomorphic variables as they relate to tracheal airway dimensions.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

This was a radiographic study of 123 consecutive hospitalized patients undergoing tracheotomy over a 4‐year period (2007–2011). We measured airway dimensions in axial computed tomography imaging and made comparisons with height, weight, body mass index, gender, and age. Measurements were taken at the first tracheal ring level including anterior‐posterior length, width, and calculated area. We expected higher body mass index not to be a good predictor of larger airway dimensions.

Results

The linear regression model showed body mass index was significantly inversely related to tracheal width after controlling for gender and age (P = .0389). For every 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index, the tracheal width decreased by 0.05 mm. There was a trend for airway area to diminish with increasing body mass index.

Conclusions

These results are consistent with the hypothesis that obese patients do not have larger airways. Our study indicated a trend toward smaller airways as body mass index increased. Specifically, as body mass index increases, tracheal width appears to decrease. This information should help medical professionals avoid the tendency to use a larger tube to secure the airway of an obese patient. Hopefully, this will result in further research into the field and may prevent future airway injuries in a society where obesity has become epidemic.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 125:1093–1097, 2015
A Bifunctional Amorphous Polymer Exhibiting Equal Linear and Circular Photoinduced Birefringences
Authors: Royes Jorge , Provenzano Clementina , Pagliusi Pasquale , Tejedor Rosa M. , Piñol Milagros , Oriol Luis
Published: September 2014

The large and reversible photoinduced linear and circular birefringences in azo‐compounds are at the basis of the interest in these materials, which are potentially useful for several applications. Since the onset of the linear and circular anisotropies relies on orientational processes, which typically occur on the molecular and supramolecular length scale, respectively, a circular birefringence at least one order of magnitude lower than the linear one is usually observed. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an amorphous polymer with a dimeric repeating unit containing a cyanoazobenzene and a cyanobiphenyl moiety are reported, in which identical optical linear and circular birefringences are induced for proper light dose and ellipticity. A pump‐probe technique and an analytical method based on the Stokes–Mueller formalism are used to investigate the photoinduced effects and to evaluate the anisotropies. The peculiar photoresponse of the polymer makes it a good candidate for applications in smart functional devices.

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Can the Branching Exponent Reliably Relate the Branching Indexes?
Authors: Netopilík Miloš
Published: September 2014

Randomly branched Gaussian chains, including regular and random stars, were modeled. The chains were generated by repeated random movement of the end‐point in a cubic grid. The radius‐of‐gyration‐ and viscosity‐volume branching indexes,gandg′, were calculated for randomly branched molecules and compared with the data taken from the literature. The dependence ofg′ ong, constructed from our data as well as from those by Kurata and Fukatsu, appears linear. The experimental data taken from the literature do not contradict this finding. On the other hand, the values of the branching exponentϵare highly scattered and a reliable average cannot be found. This findings support the value of the branching exponent ofϵ = 1, relatinggandg′, proposed also by other authors.
Formulations of hormone therapy and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lundin Jessica I. , Ton Thanh G.N. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Longstreth W.T. , Franklin Gary M. , Swanson Phillip D. , Smith‐Weller Terri , Racette Brad A. , Checkoway Harvey
Published: September 2014

Hormone therapy (HT) is a class of medications widely prescribed to women in the Western world. Evidence from animal models and in vitro studies suggests that estrogen may protect against nigrostriatal system injury and increase dopamine synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Existing epidemiologic research indicates a possible reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with HT use. The objective of this study was to evaluate PD risk associated with specific HT formulations. Neurologist‐confirmed cases and age‐matched controls were identified from Group Health Cooperative (GHC) of Washington State. Final analysis included 137 female cases and 227 controls. Hormone therapy use was ascertained from the GHC pharmacy database, further classified as conjugated estrogens, esterified estrogens, and progestin. Ever use of HT formulation demonstrated a suggested elevated risk with esterified estrogen use (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0‐9.8), and no risk associated with conjugated estrogen use (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.6‐1.3). Restricting this analysis to prescriptions that included progestin further elevated the risk associated with esterified estrogen use (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.1‐22.9); again, no risk was associated with conjugated estrogen use (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.6‐5.0). The findings from this study suggest an increase in PD risk associated with esterified estrogen use combined with progestin, and no risk associated with conjugated estrogen with progestin. These findings could have important implications for choice of HT in clinical practice. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The evaluation of flap growth and long‐term results of pediatric mandible reconstructions using free fibular flaps
Authors: Temiz Gökhan , Bilkay Ufuk , Tiftikçioğlu Yiğit Özer , Mezili Candan Tevfik , Songür Ecmel
Published: September 2014

Currently, the free fibular flap is well accepted as the first choice for mandibular reconstruction. Achieving functional results in pediatric patients requires a different approach than that employed for mature patients. Because the pediatric craniofacial skeleton continues to grow, reconstruction is more challenging, and the long‐term results can be different from those of adult patients. In this study, we sought to measure flap growth objectively in our series. Ten pediatric patients who underwent reconstruction with free fibular flaps were retrospectively reviewed. Flap growth was evaluated by comparing the intraoperative photographs with photographs of the control panoramic mandibular radiographs taken using photo‐anthropometric techniques. The measurements were converted to proportionality indices (PI), and these indices were compared. Subsequent complications and functional results were also evaluated. The mean patient age was 11.8 years, and the mean follow up was 57.7 months. The mean preoperative PI value was 10.74 ± 2.47. The mean postoperative PI value was 12.52 ± 2.34. The mean difference between the preoperative and postoperative PI values was −1.78±0.53. These photo‐anthropometric data clearly illustrated the growth of the fibular flaps (P = 0.001). None of these patients exhibited nonunion of the fractures; however, one patient experienced a delayed union, one had chronic temporomandibular joint pain, and one had chronic temporomandibular joint luxation. In two patients, the inter‐incisive measurements were below the third percentile, and two additional patients had grade 2 eating abilities, which can be regarded as poor. All of the patients had symmetric mandibular contours. Free fibular flaps continue to grow in pediatric patients. This flap is a “workhorse” flap in children because it adapts to the craniofacial skeleton via its ability to grow, and this ability results in subsequent good cosmetic and functional results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:253–261, 2015.
Comparison of optical and MR‐based tracking
Authors: Gumus Kazim , Keating Brian , White Nathan , Andrews‐Shigaki Brian , Armstrong Brian , Maclaren Julian , Zaitsev Maxim , Dale Anders , Ernst Thomas
Published: September 2014

Purpose

The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of two real‐time motion tracking systems in the MR environment: MR‐based prospective motion correction (PROMO) and optical moiré phase tracking (MPT).

Methods

Five subjects performed eight predefined head rotations of 8° ± 3° while being simultaneously tracked with PROMO and MPT. Structural images acquired immediately before and after each tracking experiment were realigned with SPM8 to provide a reference measurement.

Results

Mean signed errors (MSEs) in MPT tracking relative to SPM8 were less than 0.3 mm and 0.2° in all 6 degrees of freedom, and MSEs in PROMO tracking ranged up to 0.2 mm and 0.3°. MPT and PROMO significantly differed from SPM8 in y‐translation and y‐rotation values (P < 0.05). Maximum absolute errors ranged up to 2.8 mm and 2.1° for MPT, and 2.2 mm and 2.9° for PROMO.

Conclusion

This study presents the first in vivo comparison of MPT and PROMO tracking. Our data show that two methods yielded similar performances (within 1 mm and 1° standard deviation) relative to reference image registration. Tracking errors of both systems were larger than offline tests. Future work is required for further comparison of two methods in vivo with higher precision. Magn Reson Med 74:894–902, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An adaptive and efficient greedy procedure for the optimal training of parametric reduced‐order models
Authors: Paul‐Dubois‐Taine A. , Amsallem D.
Published: September 2014

An adaptive and efficient approach for constructing reduced‐order models (ROMs) that are robust to changes in parameters is developed. The approach is based on a greedy sampling of the underlying high‐dimensional model (HDM) together with an efficient procedure for exploring the configuration space and identifying parameters for which the error is likely to be high. Because this exploration is based on a surrogate model for an error indicator, it is amenable to a fast training phase. Furthermore, a model for the exact error based on the error indicator is constructed and used to determine when the greedy procedure reaches a desired error tolerance. An efficient procedure for updating the reduced‐order basis constructed by proper orthogonal decomposition is also introduced in this paper, avoiding the cost associated with computing large‐scale singular value decompositions. The proposed procedure is then shown to require less evaluations of a posteriori error estimators than the classical procedure in order to identify locations of the parameter space to be sampled. It is illustrated on the training of parametric ROMs for three linear and nonlinear mechanical systems, including the realistic prediction of the response of a V‐hull vehicle to underbody blasts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and self‐assembly of linear, dibranched, and miktoarm semifluorinated triphilic polymers
Authors: Tucker William B. , McCoy Aaron M. , Fix Samantha M. , Stagg Melissa F. , Murphy Matt M. , Mecozzi Sandro
Published: September 2014

Linear, dibranched, and miktoarm amphiphiles containing both hydrophobic and fluorophilic moieties were synthesized and characterized in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between semifluorinated amphiphile structure and aggregate behavior in aqueous solution. For the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, there was an exponential decrease in critical aggregation concentration (CMC) and a logarithmic increase in core microviscosity with increasing length of the fluorocarbon segments; while the miktoarm architecture produced no notable trend in microviscosity or CMC. Furthermore, the linear and dibranched surfactants showed enhanced kinetic stability, dissociating more slowly in the presence of human serum than did either the dibranched or miktoarm amphiphiles. Finally, encapsulation studies with the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) showed that the ability to solubilize and retain PTX increased with the presence and with the increasing size of the fluorocarbon moiety for both the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, while no such trend was observed for the miktoarm amphiphiles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3324–3336
Charge transition level of GePb1 centers at interfaces of SiO2/GexSi1−x/SiO2 heterostructures investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Madia O. , Segercrantz N. , Afanas'ev V. , Stesmans A. , Souriau L. , Slotte J. , Tuomisto F.
Published: September 2014

In this work, we address the charge trapping properties of Ge dangling bond (DB) defects – GePb1 centers as typified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) – found at the interfaces between condensation‐grown Si1−xGex (0.28 < x < 0.8) alloys and insulating SiO2. The ESR observation of singly‐occupied paramagnetic GePb1 centers, carried out at 4.3 K, is complemented by temperature‐dependent positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) in the Doppler broadening mode, which enables observation of the neutral‐to‐negative defect transitions as the temperature increases from 50 to 300 K. Through correlation of this re‐charging behavior with the temperature‐induced shift of the Fermi energy, the energy of the Ge DB −/0 transition in the Si0.27Ge0.73 alloy is inferred to be energetically distributed in a ∼0.1 eV interval above the top of the semiconductor valence band. This result refines previous estimates from capacitance–voltage measurements, thus providing independent affirmation that the energy levels of Ge DBs lie inside the band gap of the Si1−xGex alloys.
Observation impact over the southern polar area during the Concordiasi field campaign
Authors: Boullot Nathalie , Rabier Florence , Langland Rolf , Gelaro Ron , Cardinali Carla , Guidard Vincent , Bauer Peter , Doerenbecher Alexis
Published: September 2014

The impact of observations on analysis uncertainty and forecast performance was investigated for austral spring 2010 over the southern polar area for four different systems (NRL, GMAO, ECMWF and Météo‐France) at the time of the Concordiasi field experiment. The largest multi‐model variance in 500 hPa height analyses is found in the southern sub‐Antarctic oceanic region, where there are rapidly evolving weather systems, rapid forecast‐error growth, and fewer upper‐air wind observation data to constrain the analyses. The total impact of all observations on the model forecast was computed using the 24 h forecast sensitivity‐to‐observations diagnostic. Observation types that contribute most to the reduction of the forecast error are shown to be AMSU, IASI, AIRS, GPS‐RO, radiosonde, surface and atmospheric motion vector observations. For sounding data, radiosondes and dropsondes, one can note a large impact on the analysis and forecasts of temperature at low levels and a large impact of wind at high levels. Observing system experiments using the Concordiasi dropsondes show a large impact of the observations over the Antarctic plateau extending to lower latitudes with the forecast range, with the largest impact around 50–70°S. These experiments indicate there is a potential benefit from using radiance data better over land and sea‐ice and from innovative atmospheric motion vectors obtained from a combination of various satellites to fill the current data gaps and improve numerical weather prediction analyses in this region.
Generic constructions of secure‐channel free searchable encryption with adaptive security
Authors: Emura Keita , Miyaji Atsuko , Rahman Mohammad Shahriar , Omote Kazumasa
Published: September 2014

For searching keywords against encrypted data, public key encryption scheme with keyword search (PEKS), and its extension secure‐channel free PEKS (SCF‐PEKS), has been proposed. In this paper, we extend the security of SCF‐PEKS, calling it adaptive SCF‐PEKS, wherein an adversary (modeled as a “malicious‐but‐legitimate” receiver) is allowed to issue test queries adaptively. We show that adaptive SCF‐PEKS can be generically constructed by anonymous identity‐based encryption only. That is, SCF‐PEKS can be constructed without any additional cryptographic primitive when compared with the Abdalla et al. PEKS construction (J. Cryptology 2008), even though adaptive SCF‐PEKS requires additional functionalities. We also propose other adaptive SCF‐PEKS construction, which is not fully generic but is efficient compared with the first one. Finally, we instantiate an adaptive SCF‐PEKS scheme (via our second construction) that achieves a similar level of efficiency for the costs of the test procedure and encryption, compared with the (non‐adaptive secure) SCF‐PEKS scheme by Fang et al. (CANS2009). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triangulating the Self: Identity Processes in a Connected Era
Authors: Davis Jenny L.
Published: September 2014

The increasing prevalence of digital social technologies in everyday life affects processes of self and identity in theoretically and empirically interesting ways. Based on face‐to‐face interviews (N = 17) and synchronous text‐based exchanges (N = 32) from a Facebook‐based population, I examine the conditions of identity negotiation in a networked era, and explore how social actors strike a presentational balance between ideal and authentic. I identify three key interaction conditions: fluidity between digital and physical, expectations of accuracy, and overlapping social networks. I argue that social actors accomplish the ideal‐authentic balance throughself‐triangulation, presenting a coherent image in multiple arenas and through multiple media. I differentiate between two degrees of triangulation: networked logic and preemptive action.
Automatically Assessing Lexical Sophistication: Indices, Tools, Findings, and Application
Authors: Kyle Kristopher , Crossley Scott A.
Published: September 2014

This study explores the construct of lexical sophistication and its applications for measuring second language lexical and speaking proficiency. In doing so, the study introduces the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of LExical Sophistication (TAALES), which calculates text scores for 135 classic and newly developed lexical indices related to word frequency, range, bigram and trigram frequency, academic language, and psycholinguistic word information. TAALES is freely available; runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems; and has a simple graphic user interface that allows for batch processing of .txt files. The tool is fast, reliable, and outputs results to a comma‐separated value file that can be accessed using spreadsheet software. The study examines the ability of TAALES indices to explain the variance in human judgments of lexical proficiency and speaking proficiency for second language (L2) learners. Overall, these indices were able to explain 47.5% of the variance in holistic scores of lexical proficiency and 48.7% of the variance in holistic scores of speaking proficiency. This study has important implications for second language acquisition, for assessing L2 learners' productive skills (writing and speaking), and for L2 pedagogy. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
The University as a Community of Learners
Authors: Daniel Wallace
Published: September 2014

Building on classical and recent studies of the learning paradigm of higher education, the author distinguishes between receiving ideas and using them and how universities might educate students to be more open to the world, open to discovery and creativity.
Prospects for domestic biofuels for transport in Sweden 2030 based on current production and future plans
Authors: Grahn Maria , Hansson Julia
Published: September 2014

Currently, Sweden has the largest share of renewable fuels for transport in the EU. The ambition of the Swedish Government for 2030 is for a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels. This paper assesses the potential future contribution of domestically produced biofuels for transport in Sweden to 2030, based on a mapping of the prospects from the actual and potential Swedish biofuel producers. There are plans for cellulose‐based ethanol, methanol, DME (dimethyl ether), methane, and the biodiesel option HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil). Continued domestic production of biofuels at current levels and the realization of all the ongoing mapped plans for additional biofuels production result in potential domestic biofuels production of 18 TWhfuel in 2023. When assuming a continued expansion of biofuels production capacity, the potential domestic biofuels production reaches about 26 TWhfuel in 2030. If the realization of the mapped biofuels plans is delayed by 5 years and the pace of continued implementation of additional biofuel capacity is also reduced, the potential domestic biofuels production is reduced to about 8 TWhfuel and 20 TWhfuel biofuels in 2020 and 2030, respectively. These two scenarios correspond to a share of biofuels of the total future energy demand for road transport in Sweden at about 10–30% in 2020 and 26–79% in 2030, depending on which official energy demand scenario is used. The actual contribution of biofuels for road transport will depend on, e.g., policies, the global development for fossil fuels and biofuels, the competition for biomass and biofuels, and future energy demand in the road transport sector. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:290–306. doi: 10.1002/wene.138

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Non-affiliation, Non-denominationalism, Religious Switching, and Denominational Switching: Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects on Religiosity
Authors: Suh Daniel , Russell Raymond
Published: September 2014

Using data taken from the General Social Survey panel data for 2006-2010, this paper examines the incidence and consequences of non-affiliation with religions and denominations and switching of religions and denominations. While previous studies have tended to conflate these phenomena, this paper documents that all four of these phenomena are becoming increasingly common in the contemporary United States, and that they differ substantially in their association with religiosity. Longitudinal analysis indicates that the effects of conversion from one religion to another are immediate and pervasive, leading to increases in scores on all measures of religiosity. Switching of denominations among Protestants, on the other hand, appear to have modest effects on respondents’ behavior, but no significant effects on religious beliefs. Respondents with no religious affiliation at all score lower than other respondents on all measures of religiosity, and become less religious over time. Protestants with no denominational preference, in contrast, are similar to other Protestants in their religious beliefs and participation.
A “WORKING” SOLUTION TO THE QUESTION OF NOMINAL GDP TARGETING
Authors: Belongia Michael T. , Ireland Peter N.
Published: September 2014

Although a number of economists have tried to revive the idea of nominal GDP targeting since the financial crisis of 2008, very little has been said about how this objective might be achieved in practice. This paper adopts and extends a strategy first outlined by Holbrook Working and later employed in the P-Star model. It presents a series of theoretical and empirical results to argue that Divisia monetary aggregates can be controlled by the Federal Reserve and that the trend velocities of these aggregates exhibit the stability required to make long-run targeting of a nominal objective feasible.
ON A CLASS OF ELLIPTIC SYSTEM OF SCHRÖDINGER–POISSON TYPE
Authors: FERREIRA LUCAS C. F. , MEDEIROS EVERALDO S. , MONTENEGRO MARCELO
Published: September 2014

In this paper we prove existence and qualitative properties of solutions for a nonlinear elliptic system arising from the coupling of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the Poisson equation. We use a contraction map approach together with estimates of the Bessel potential used to rewrite the system in an integral form.
Teil II: Pflegende Männer demenziell erkrankter Ehefrauen
Authors: Bauernschmidt Dorothee , Dorschner Stephan
Published: September 2014

Hintergrund: Männer engagieren sich in Deutschland zunehmend in der vielfältigen Pflege- und Sorgearbeit für pflegebedürftige Angehörige. Der steigenden Zahl männlicher Hauptpflegepersonen wird der (pflege-)wissenschaftliche Diskurs jedoch noch nicht gerecht. Ziel: Im Mittelpunkt der zweiten Studie stehen pflegende Ehemänner, die ihre an Demenz erkrankte Frau im häuslichen Pflegesetting versorgen. Ziel der Studie ist es, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wie diese Männer die Pflegesituation erleben und gestalten. Methode: Es wurden narrative Interviews mit zehn pflegenden Ehegatten geführt und einer phänomenologisch-interpretativen Analyse in Anlehnung an das Analyseschema von Diekelmann (1992) unterzogen. Ergebnisse: Es konnten sieben zentrale Themen – «Demenz ist eine schlimme Krankheit …» (Krankheit als schleichende Krise); «Da ist doch eine Bindung …» (Beziehung); «Streit, der sich nicht so ohne weiteres lösen lässt …» (Konflikt); «Von dem ist nichts mehr …» (Verlust); «Die Pflege, die wurde nicht weniger, die wurde mehr …» (Pflege); «Die Welt wird kleiner …» (Einschränkungen); «Ich hab das nicht ungern, dass mir jemand hilft …» (Unterstützung) – sowie das konstitutive Muster «Gebundensein» in der lebensweltlichen Wahrnehmung identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Individualität im Erleben und Gestalten der Pflegesituation durch die pflegenden Männer und deren Bewertung formeller Unterstützungsangebote zeigen deutlichen Entwicklungsbedarf in der Ausgestaltung beruflicher Pflege im häuslichen Umfeld. Weitere Forschungsprojekte sollten insbesondere Pflegeverläufe (auch über längere Zeiträume) sowie Gründe für die Ablehnung von Unterstützungsangeboten in den Blick nehmen.
Umgang von österreichischen Pflegepersonen mit der Patientenverfügung
Authors: Heindl Patrik , Ruppert Sabine , Kozon Vlastimil
Published: September 2014

Hintergrund: Die Patientenverfügung ist aufgrund der Betonung der Autonomie der PatientInnen und des zunehmenden medizinischen Fortschritts ein aktuelles Thema. Dabei zeigen sich Probleme sowohl in der Verfassung als auch bei der Umsetzung von Patientenverfügungen in den Institutionen. Die Aufgaben und der Einfluss der Pflege in diesem Zusammenhang sind noch kaum Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen. Dies ist der erste Artikel, der sich mit dieser Thematik auseinandersetzt. Ziel: Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Darstellung der Erfahrungen von österreichischen Pflegepersonen im Umgang mit Patientenverfügungen im Universitätskrankenhaus. Methode: Es wurde ein deskriptiv-exploratives Querschnittdesign angewendet. Die Datenerfassung erfolgte mittels Fragebögen im Jahr 2009. Insgesamt wurden 266 Pflegepersonen in einem österreichischen Universitätskrankenhaus befragt. Ergebnisse: Bei den Pflegepersonen zeigte sich eine große Unsicherheit bei gleichzeitigem Vorhandensein von ausreichendem theoretischen Fachwissen und fehlenden Strukturen von Seiten der Organisation. Dadurch entstanden einige interdisziplinäre Konflikte im Zusammenhang mit der Umsetzung der Patientenverfügung. Schlussfolgerungen: Um Konflikte zu vermeiden und den Umgang sowie die Umsetzung von Patientenverfügungen in der Praxis zu verbessern, ist die Etablierung einer klinischen Ethikberatung empfehlenswert. Aufgaben einer solchen Ethikberatung sind die Erstellung von Richtlinien in der Institution, die Durchführung von individuellen Fallbesprechungen und die Fort- und Weiterbildung der betroffenen Gesundheitsberufe.
Testing an unusual in vivo vessel network model: a method to study angiogenesis in the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Gasparini Fabio , Caicci Federico , Rigon Francesca , Zaniolo Giovanna , Manni Lucia
Published: September 2014

Tunicates are the closest relatives to vertebrates and include the only chordate species able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. The colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is embedded in a transparent extracellular matrix (the tunic) containing the colonial circulatory system (CCS). The latter is a network of vessels external to zooids, limited by a simple, flat epithelium that originated from the epidermis. The CCS propagates and regenerates by remodelling and extending the vessel network through the mechanism of sprouting, which typically characterises vertebrate angiogenesis. In exploiting the characteristics of B. schlosseri as a laboratory model, we present a new experimental and analysis method based on the ability to obtain genetically identical subclones representing paired samples for the appropriate quantitative outcome statistical analysis. The method, tested using human VEGF and EGF to induce angiogenesis, shows that the CCS provides a useful in vivo vessel network model for testing the effects of specific injected solutes on vessel dynamics. These results show the potentiality of B. schlosseri CCS as an effective complementary model for in vivo studies on angiogenesis and anticancer therapy. We discuss this potentiality, taking into consideration the origin, nature and roles of the cellular and molecular agents involved in CCS growth.
A novel method for the identification of inorganic and organic gunshot residue particles of lead-free ammunitions from the hands of shooters using scanning laser ablation-ICPMS and Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Abrego Zuriñe , Grijalba Nagore , Unceta Nora , Maguregui Maite , Sanchez Alicia , Fernández-Isla Alberto , Goicolea M. Aranzazu , Barrio Ramón J.
Published: September 2014

SLA-ICPMS and Raman micro-spectroscopy has been applied to the characterization of GSR using modified tape lifts.
Reliable on-site characterization of aromatic compounds adsorbed on porous particles with SERS in a dynamic adsorption-hydrocyclone separation process
Authors: Wang Fei , Qiu Yang , Fu Peng-Bo , Wang Hua-Lin , Long Yi-Tao
Published: September 2014

A novel method for reliable on-site characterization of aromatic compounds adsorbed on porous particles with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
Assembling Mn:ZnSe quantum dots-siRNA nanoplexes for gene silencing in tumor cells
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Yang Chengbin , Hu Rui , Toh Hui Ting , Liu Xin , Lin Guimiao , Yin Feng , Yoon Ho Sup , Yong Ken-Tye
Published: September 2014

In this work, we demonstrate the use of manganese doped zinc selenide QDs (Mn:ZnSe d-dots) for gene delivery in vitro.
Catalytic methylation of aromatic amines with formic acid as the unique carbon and hydrogen source
Authors: Savourey Solène , Lefèvre Guillaume , Berthet Jean-Claude , Cantat Thibault
Published: September 2014

A novel methodology is presented for the direct methylation of amines, using formic acid as a unique source of carbon and hydrogen.
Stereoselective synthesis of γ-hydroxynorvaline through combination of organo- and biocatalysis
Authors: Simon Robert C. , Busto Eduardo , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Sattler Johann H. , Pietruszka Jörg , Faber Kurt , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: September 2014

Stereoselective synthesis of all four diastereomers of PMP-protected γ-hydroxynorvalineviaan organocatalytic Mannich reaction and an enzymatic ketone reduction.
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as a novel and effective solvent to facilely prepare cyclodextrin-assembled materials
Authors: Kida Toshiyuki , Sato Shin-ichiro , Yoshida Hiroaki , Teragaki Ayumi , Akashi Mitsuru
Published: September 2014

HFIP solutions of CDs act as a powerful tool to facilely prepare CD-assembled materials.
14.8% perovskite solar cells employing carbazole derivatives as hole transporting materials
Authors: Sung Sang Do , Kang Min Soo , Choi In Taek , Kim Hong Mo , Kim Hyoungjin , Hong MunPyo , Kim Hwan Kyu , Lee Wan In
Published: September 2014

Three novel carbazole-based molecules have been synthesized and applied as efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) of perovskite solar cells.
From charge-transfer to a charge-separated state: a perspective from the real-time TDDFT excitonic dynamics
Authors: Petrone Alessio , Lingerfelt David B. , Rega Nadia , Li Xiaosong
Published: September 2014

Real-time TDDFT electronic dynamics for studying the charge separation mechanisms in donor/acceptor block copolymers.
Oxido-molybdenum complexes obtained by Cl/O interchange between MoCl5and carboxylic acids: a crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano
Published: September 2014

The reactivity of MoCl5with carboxylic acids has been elucidated for the first time. The reactions are featured by the chlorinating behaviour of MoCl5, rather than affording the respective carboxylato complexes.
Electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers loaded with paclitaxel and water-soluble fullerenes for drug delivery and bioimaging
Authors: Liu Wanyun , Wei Junchao , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2014

Multifunctional composite nanofibers inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells effectively and reflected the growth state of cells clearly.
Promising ceria–samaria-based nano-oxides for low temperature soot oxidation: a combined study of structure–activity properties
Authors: Sudarsanam Putla , Kuntaiah Kuncham , Reddy Benjaram M.
Published: September 2014

Nanostructured Ce–Sm mixed oxides are promising catalysts for diesel soot oxidation through facile active oxygen participation.
Efficient visible light-driven H2 production in water by CdS/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals and an ordinary nickel–sulfur complex
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Jie , He Haili , Xu Xiaolong , Jin Yongdong
Published: September 2014

A simple nickel–sulfur complex is developed for the efficient visible light-driven H2 production in the core/shell QD-based multicomponent system.
Highly reproducible SERS arrays directly written by inkjet printing
Authors: Yang Qiang , Deng Mengmeng , Li Huizeng , Li Mingzhu , Zhang Cong , Shen Weizhi , Li Yanan , Guo Dan , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2014

Highly reproducible SERS arrays on a large scale were fabricated by a direct-writing inkjet printing method.
The protecting-group directed diastereoselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction: total synthesis and biological evaluation of zeaenol, 7-epi-zeaenol and its analogues
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Reddy D. Sai , Mallampudi N. Arjunreddy , Gaddam Janardhan , Polepalli Sowjanya , Jain Nishant , Yadav J. S.
Published: September 2014

A convergent and concise total synthesis of zeaenol, 7-epi-zeaenol, and its analogues is achieved using protecting group-directed NHK reaction.
β-Cyclodextrin functionalized Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots for the chiral sensing of tryptophan enantiomers
Authors: Wei Yanli , Li Huanhuan , Hao Hongye , Chen Yanxia , Dong Chuan , Wang Gufeng
Published: September 2014

A versatile, multi-functional photoluminescence platform for chiral recognition and sensing of tryptophan enantiomers is fabricated based on cyclodextrin modified Mn-ZnS quantum dots.
Structure and stability of two dimensional phosphorene with O or NH functionalization
Authors: Dai Jun , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: September 2014

We investigate the stability and electronic properties of oxy- (O) or imine- (NH) functionalized monolayer phosphorene with either single-side or double-side functionalization based on density-functional theory calculations.
Asymmetric synthesis towards doxanthrine, a dopamine D1 full agonist
Authors: Malhotra Rajesh , Ghosh Amit , Dutta Swarup , Dey Tushar K. , Basu Sourav , Hajra Saumen
Published: September 2014

First asymmetric synthesis of towards doxanthrine is accomplished with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity from β-aryloxyamino acid derived from D-serine.
Optical properties of pure graphene in various forms: a time dependent density functional theory study
Authors: Chopra S. , Maidich L.
Published: September 2014

Optical absorption in graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) of various shapes and isomeric forms was studied using time dependent density functional theory based calculations. The highest oscillator strength was found for rectangular GNRs.
Amino acid intercalated montmorillonite: electrochemical biosensing applications
Authors: Demir Filiz , Demir Bilal , Yalcinkaya Esra E. , Cevik Serdar , Odaci Demirkol Dilek , Anik Ulku , Timur Suna
Published: September 2014

The present work is the first that includes the use of glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and glutamic acid (Glu) modified clay mineral matrices in the biosensors.