bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviving the experiential store: the effect of scarcity and perceived novelty in driving word-of-mouth
Authors: Pape Denise , Toporowski Waldemar
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Experiential stores offer potential for emotional brand-consumer connections and word-of-mouth (WoM) generation. Past research links the lifecycle of such stores with perceived novelty, a defining characteristic that has not received sufficient recognition. Scarce products are identified as a promising strategy to enhance novelty perceptions. Additionally, the authors differentiate between electronic and interpersonal WoM, and consider need for uniqueness (NFU) as a relevant personality variable.

Design/methodology/approach

This study encompasses three experiments that seek to shed light on suggested relationships. The first two experiments explore the interplay between scarcity, perceived novelty, and WoM. Moving forward, the third study delves deeper into the matter, scrutinizing the conditions under which scarce products manifest their utility in experiential stores.

Findings

The findings indicate that incorporating scarce products can rejuvenate the novelty aspect of experiential stores and promote positive WoM outcomes. Additionally, including NFU as a personality variable presents a communication dilemma, as high NFU individuals tend to engage more in electronic WoM but less in interpersonal WoM. However, this relationship is contingent on circumstances, with high NFU individuals showing a greater inclination towards interpersonal WoM when the probability of being imitated is low.

Practical implications

This study offers practical guidance for brand managers aiming to sustain the appeal and success of their experiential stores, as well as for commercial real estate managers seeking to revitalize vacant spaces in the post-COVID-19 era.

Originality/value

This pioneering study investigates the role of perceived novelty and scarce products in experiential stores, aiming to identify optimal conditions for favorable consumer responses. It also contributes to research on the forward spillover effect and underscores the importance of interpersonal proximity in WoM investigations.
Symbolic power, discourse, and underrepresentation of women in IT
Authors: Jurado Tanya , Tretiakov Alexei , Bensemann Jo
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The authors aim to contribute to the understanding of the enduring underrepresentation of women in the IT industry by analysing media discourse triggered by a campaign intended to encourage women to join the IT industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Internet media coverage of the Little Miss Geek campaign in the UK was analysed as qualitative data to reveal systematic and coherent patterns contributing to the social construction of the role of women with respect to the IT industry and IT employment.

Findings

While ostensibly supporting women's empowerment, the discourse framed women's participation in the IT industry as difficult to achieve, focused on women's presumed “feminine” essential features (thus, effectively implying that they are less suitable for IT employment than men), and tasked women with overcoming the barrier via individual efforts (thus, implicitly blaming them for the imbalance). In these ways, the discourse worked against the broader aims of the campaign.

Social implications

Campaigns and organisations that promote women's participation should work to establish new frames, rather than allowing the discourse to be shaped by the established frames.

Originality/value

The authors interpret the framing in the discourse using Bourdieu's perspective on symbolic power: the symbolic power behind the existing patriarchal order expressed itself via framing, thus contributing to the maintenance of that order. By demonstrating the relevance of Bourdieu's symbolic power, the authors offer a novel understanding of how underrepresentation of women in the IT sector is produced and maintained.
Cross-country determinants of citizens' e-government reuse intention: empirical evidence from Kuwait and Poland
Authors: Mirkovski Kristijan , Rouibah Kamel , Lowry Paul , Paliszkiewicz Joanna , Ganc Marzena
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Despite the major information technology investments made by public institutions, the reuse of e-government services remains an issue as citizens hesitate to use e-government websites regularly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-country determinants of e-government reuse intention by proposing a theoretical model that integrates constructs from (1) the Delone and McLean IS success model (i.e. system quality, service quality, information quality, perceived value and user satisfaction); (2) the trust and risk models (i.e. citizen trust, overall risk, time risk, privacy risk and psychological risks); and (3) Hofstede's cultural model (i.e. uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism and cross-cultural trust and risk).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on data from interviews with 81 Kuwaiti citizens and surveys of 1,829 Kuwaiti and Polish citizens, this study conducted comprehensive, cross-cultural and comparative analyses of e-government reuse intention in a cross-country setting.

Findings

The results show that trust is positively associated with citizens' intention to reuse e-government services, whereas risk is negatively associated with citizens' perceived value. This study also found that masculinity–femininity and uncertainty avoidance are positively associated with the intention to reuse e-government services and that individualism–collectivism has no significant relationship with reuse intention. This study's findings have important implications for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and improve e-government success in cross-country settings.

Originality/value

This study developed a parsimonious model of quality, trust, risk, culture and technology reuse that captures country-specific cultural contexts and enables us to conduct a comprehensive, cross-cultural and comparative analysis of e-government reuse intention in the cross-country setting of Kuwait and Poland.
From big data epistemology to AI politics: rescuing the public dimension over data-driven technologies
Authors: Calzati Stefano
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the epistemological tensions embedded within big data and data-driven technologies to advance a socio-political reconsideration of the public dimension in the assessment of their implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds upon (and revisits) the European Union’s (EU) normative understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven technologies, blending reflections rooted in philosophy of technology with issues of democratic participation in tech-related matters.

Findings

This paper proposes the conceptual design of sectorial and/or local-level e-participation platforms to ignite an ongoing discussion – involving experts, private actors, as well as cognizant citizens – over the implementation of data-driven technologies, to avoid siloed, tech-solutionist decisions.

Originality/value

This paper inscribes the EU’s normative approach to AI and data-driven technologies, as well as critical work on the governance of these technologies, into a broader political dimension, suggesting a way to democratically and epistocratically opening up the decisional processes over the development and implementation of these technologies and turn such processes into a systemic civic involvement.
Assessing the validity of race and ethnicity coding in administrative Medicare data for reporting outcomes among Medicare advantage beneficiaries from 2015 to 2017
Authors: Huang Andrew W. , Meyers David J.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess the validity of race/ethnicity coding in Medicare data and whether misclassification errors lead to biased outcome reporting by race/ethnicity among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries.

Data Sources and Study Setting

In this national study of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, we analyzed individual‐level data from the Health Outcomes Survey (HOS) and the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), race/ethnicity codes from the Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF), and outcomes from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) files from 2015 to 2017.

Study Design

We used self‐reported beneficiary race/ethnicity to validate the Medicare Enrollment Database (EDB) and Research Triangle Institute (RTI) race/ethnicity codes. We measured the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Medicare EDB and RTI codes compared to self‐report. For outcomes, we compared annualized hospital admission, 30‐day, and 90‐day readmission rates.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Data for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries who completed either the HOS or CAHPS survey were linked to MBSF and MedPAR files. Validity was assessed for both self‐reported multiracial and single‐race beneficiaries.

Principal Findings

For beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage, the EDB and RTI race/ethnicity codes have high validity for identifying non‐Hispanic White or Black beneficiaries, but lower sensitivity for beneficiaries self‐reported Hispanic any race (EDB: 28.3%, RTI: 85.9%) or non‐Hispanic Asian American or Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (EDB: 56.1%, RTI: 72.1%). Only 8.7% of beneficiaries self‐reported non‐Hispanic American Indian Alaska Native are correctly identified by either Medicare code, resulting in underreported annualized hospitalization rates (EDB: 31.5%, RTI: 31.6% vs. self‐report: 34.6%). We find variation in 30‐day readmission rates for Hispanic beneficiaries across race categories, which is not measured by Medicare race/ethnicity coding.

Conclusions

Current Medicare race/ethnicity codes misclassify and bias outcomes for non‐Hispanic AIAN beneficiaries, who are more likely to select multiple racial identities. Revisions to race/ethnicity categories are needed to better represent multiracial/ethnic identities among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries.
Comparison of first‐pass intubation success rates between two different videolaryngoscopes in an Australian prehospital and retrieval medicine service
Authors: Lacquiere David , Mazur Stefan , Wilkes Anthony , Pearce Andrew
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of the GlideScope Go videolaryngoscope (VL) in tracheal intubation in an Australian physician‐staffed critical care prehospital and retrieval medicine service.

Methods

Our service has used VLs for several years, including the McGrath Mac, and from February 2019 the GlideScope Go. Clinicians may alternatively use direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh laryngoscope. We conducted a non‐inferiority trial comparing first‐pass intubation success using the GlideScope Go VL with that using the McGrath Mac VL. We collected data on video intubation of all adult patients between February 2017 and December 2019, by our service. Comparison was also made with patients intubated using direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh direct laryngoscope.

Results

One hundred and seventy‐two patients were intubated with the aid of a VL. First‐pass success rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 0.98 (0.92–0.99) and 0.92 (0.84–0.96), respectively, for the GlideScope Go and McGrath Mac, giving a difference (95% CI) in first‐pass success rates of 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13). First‐pass success rate for the Macintosh laryngoscope was 0.88 (0.84–0.91).

Conclusions

We demonstrated that first‐pass success rates with the GlideScope Go are at least as good as our service had achieved with both the McGrath Mac and with direct laryngoscopy.
Comparing the results from a Swedish pregnancy cohort using data from three automated placental growth factor immunoassay platforms intended for first‐trimester preeclampsia prediction
Authors: Carlsson Ylva , Sandström Anna , Bergman Lina , Conner Peter , Hansson Stefan , Kublickas Marius , Görmüş Uzay , Lindgren Peter , Oleröd Göran , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Larsson Anders
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Risk evaluation for preeclampsia in early pregnancy allows identification of women at high risk. Prediction models for preeclampsia often include circulating concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF); however, the models are usually limited to a specific PlGF method of analysis. The aim of this study was to compare three different PlGF methods of analysis in a Swedish cohort to assess their convergent validity and appropriateness for use in preeclampsia risk prediction models in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Material and methods

First‐trimester blood samples were collected in gestational week 11+0 to 13+6 from 150 pregnant women at Uppsala University Hospital during November 2018 until November 2020. These samples were analyzed using the different PlGF methods from Perkin Elmer, Roche Diagnostics, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Results

There were strong correlations between the PlGF results obtained with the three methods, but the slopes of the correlations clearly differed from 1.0: PlGFPerkinElmer = 0.553 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.518–0.588) * PlGFRoche –1.112 (95% CI −2.773 to 0.550); r = 0.966, mean difference −24.6 (95% CI −26.4 to −22.8). PlGFPerkinElmer = 0.673 (95% CI 0.618–0.729) * PlGFThermoFisher –0.199 (95% CI −2.292 to 1.894); r = 0.945, mean difference −13.8 (95% CI −15.1 to −12.6). PlGFRoche = 1.809 (95% CI 1.694–1.923) * PlGFPerkinElmer +2.010 (95% CI −0.877 to 4.897); r = 0.966, mean difference 24.6 (95% CI 22.8–26.4). PlGFRoche = 1.237 (95% CI 1.113–1.361) * PlGFThermoFisher +0.840 (95% CI −3.684 to 5.363); r = 0.937, mean difference 10.8 (95% CI 9.4–12.1). PlGFThermoFisher = 1.485 (95% CI 1.363–1.607) * PlGFPerkinElmer +0.296 (95% CI −2.784 to 3.375); r = 0.945, mean difference 13.8 (95% CI 12.6–15.1). PlGFThermoFisher = 0.808 (95% CI 0.726–0.891) * PlGFRoche –0.679 (95% CI −4.456 to 3.099); r = 0.937, mean difference −10.8 (95% CI −12.1 to −9.4).

Conclusion

The three PlGF methods have different calibrations. This is most likely due to the lack of an internationally accepted reference material for PlGF. Despite different calibrations, the Deming regression analysis indicated good agreement between the three methods, which suggests that results from one method may be converted to the others and hence used in first‐trimester prediction models for preeclampsia.
What if my boss is a narcissist? The effects of chief executive officer narcissism on female proportion in top management teams
Authors: Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Meca Emma , Ramón‐Llorens M. Camino
Published: June 2023

For the period 2015–2019 and based on a Spanish sample of 145 listed companies, this paper provides insights into how narcissistic chief executive officers (CEOs) influence the proportion of women in top management teams (TMTs). As a further analysis and in line with social psychology and upper echelons theories, we study whether the power and gender of a CEO and the female proportion in the firm's board moderate the relationship. Our results reveal that narcissistic CEOs are less likely to support women in TMTs, confirming that CEO personality traits influence team structure. Further results suggest that this aversion increases as the CEO's power grows and is a woman, and when female proportion in board decreases. The results have an impact on the gender equality goal, demonstrating that the behavior of women toward promoting gender equality in TMTs depends both on the specific position of women in the firm's hierarchy and on their personal psychological attributes. We find that women directors support social identity values and that narcissistic female CEOs act like queen bees.
A sequential cohort study evaluating single‐agent KappaMab and KappaMab combined with lenalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory kappa light chain‐restricted multiple myeloma (AMaRC 01‐16)
Authors: Spencer Andrew , Kalff Anna , Shortt Jake , Quach Hang , Wallington‐Gates Craig , Reynolds John , Walker Patricia , Harrison Simon J. , Dunn Rosanne , Wellard Cameron
Published: June 2023

KappaMab (KM; formerly MDX‐1097) is a monoclonal antibody specific for the kappa myeloma antigen (KMA), a cell‐surface antigen expressed on malignant plasma cells in kappa‐restricted multiple myeloma (κMM), some lymphomas, occasional tonsillar B cells and in vitro activated B cells, but not on normal B cells in bone marrow. Phase I/IIa studies of single‐agent KM confirmed a favourable toxicity profile and evidence of anti‐myeloma activity. Ex‐vivo studies demonstrating upregulation of KMA by lenalidomide, and enhanced effector‐cell cytotoxicity provided the rationale for this phase IIb study where KM or KM in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KM‐Rd) was administered in relapsed, refractory κMM patients. In addition, outcomes for a real‐world matched case–control cohort from the Australian and New Zealand Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (MRDR) who received Rd were compared to the KM‐Rd cohort. KM‐Rd demonstrated an overall response rate of 82.5% which compared favourably to the Rd‐MRDR cohort of 45.1%. Both single‐agent KM and KM‐Rd regimens were well tolerated, with the KM‐Rd safety profile similar to patients given only Rd in other clinical settings. Based on the excellent safety profile and significant efficacy, further clinical trials escalating the KM dose and pairing KM with other standard‐of‐care treatments are planned.
Rationally blind? Rationality polarizes policy support for colour blindness versus multiculturalism
Authors: De keersmaecker Jonas , Schmid Katharina , Roets Arne , Goyal Namrata
Published: June 2023

Do White Americans prefer society to be ‘colour‐blind’ by rising above racial identities, or ‘multicultural’ by openly discussing and considering them? We developed an ideology‐rationality model to understand support for these diversity perspectives. Specifically, since people endorse a diversity perspective in line with their ideological values, we hypothesized that conservatism is related to a relative preference for colour blindness over multiculturalism. However, since colour blindness and multiculturalism are complex and multi‐layered ideologies, we further hypothesized that the relationship between conservatism and a preference for colour blindness over multiculturalism is especially pronounced under higher levels of rationality. Results confirmed the hypotheses, either when rationality was operationalized within a dual process theory (Study 1, N = 496) or experimentally induced within a tripartite model of cognition (Study 2, N = 497). Higher levels of rationality guided White Americans high in conservatism towards a stronger preference for colour‐blindness, but those low in conservatism towards a stronger preference for multiculturalism. These results suggest that among White Americans the endorsement of colour blindness versus multiculturalism stems from the interplay between ideological orientation and rationality and that rational considerations about racial policies may further divide rather than unify along ideological lines.
Lower Eocene carbonate ramp clinoforms of the southern Tethys; Zagros Foreland Basin, SW Iran: Sequence stratigraphy architecture, basin physiography and carbonate factory controlling parameters
Authors: Nikfard Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Excellent cliff exposures in the Khush‐Ab and Chenareh anticlines (Zagros Foreland Basin, SW Iran) offer a good opportunity to document stratal geometries, paleofacies heterogeneity, depositional architecture and depositional cycles of the Lower Eocene sedimentary basin system. These unique outcrops containing six logged sections have been studied across a large‐scale transect, covering ca. 10 km of continental (Kashkan Formation), carbonate‐dominated platforms (Taleh‐Zang Formation) and submarine fan to basin‐floor settings (Amiran and Pabdeh formations). Field observations of the bedding geometries revealed a set of NE–SW oriented carbonate ramp clinoforms (clinoformal units 1–4) with sigmoidal cross‐sectional shapes and an internal fore‐stepping architecture. Based on detailed facies analysis, six facies associations (FA) were identified (FA.I to FA.VI), which are interpreted to have been deposited laterally in the continental, proximal to distal and deep‐water settings of a distally steepened carbonate ramp. According to the stratal stacking pattern, bounding surface, facies architecture and internal makeup of carbonate clinoforms, four H‐F‐cycles (cycle I–IV) corresponding to a lower hierarchical rank (fourth‐order cycle) were recognized and nested within the regressive stacking pattern (HST) of a higher hierarchical rank (third‐order sequence). These H‐F‐cycles are arranged in three segments (bottomset, foreset and topset) of each clinoformal unit. Higher rank transgressive blocks (TST) discriminated each clinoformal unit by up‐deepening sets of the H‐F‐cycle V. In total, five third‐order depositional sequences were identified. The sequence, stratigraphic framework and internal makeup of this carbonate platform indicate that these carbonate sloping successions are the type of accretionary carbonate ramp clinoforms that display an ascending ramp‐slope break trajectory. Evolutionary episodes of biogenic communities, climatic change, local tectonic movements, physical processes (e.g. waves and storms) and water depth gradient are major forcing parameters that controlled the carbonate factory and depositional geometry of this Lower Eocene succession; however, carbonate‐producing organisms and eustatic sea‐level fluctuations played the first role, and local tectonic movements in response to tectonic activities of the Zagros Foreland Basin played the second role. As a result, Taleh‐Zang carbonate platforms are rich in diverse assemblages of LBFs without fragments of coral and red algae, which appear to be a consequence of a hothouse state that diminishes the global thermal gradient, weakens pycnoclines and thereby limits the turbulence.
Finding Structure in One Child's Linguistic Experience
Authors: Wang Wentao , Vong Wai Keen , Kim Najoung , Lake Brenden M.
Published: June 2023

Neural network models have recently made striking progress in natural language processing, but they are typically trained on orders of magnitude more language input than children receive. What can these neural networks, which are primarily distributional learners, learn from a naturalistic subset of a single child's experience? We examine this question using a recent longitudinal dataset collected from a single child, consisting of egocentric visual data paired with text transcripts. We train both language‐only and vision‐and‐language neural networks and analyze the linguistic knowledge they acquire. In parallel with findings from Jeffrey Elman's seminal work, the neural networks form emergent clusters of words corresponding to syntactic (nouns, transitive and intransitive verbs) and semantic categories (e.g., animals and clothing), based solely on one child's linguistic input. The networks also acquire sensitivity to acceptability contrasts from linguistic phenomena, such as determiner‐noun agreement and argument structure. We find that incorporating visual information produces an incremental gain in predicting words in context, especially for syntactic categories that are comparatively more easily grounded, such as nouns and verbs, but the underlying linguistic representations are not fundamentally altered. Our findings demonstrate which kinds of linguistic knowledge are learnable from a snapshot of a single child's real developmental experience.
Plastic brain structure changes associated with the division of labor and aging in termites
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoki , Waliullah A.S.M. , Aramaki Shuhei , Kamiya Masaki , Kahyo Tomoaki , Nakamura Katsumasa , Tasaki Eisuke , Takata Mamoru , Setou Mitsutoshi , Matsuura Kenji
Published: June 2023

Division of labor is a prominent feature of social insect societies, where different castes engage in different specialized tasks. As brain differences are associated with behavioral differences, brain anatomy may be linked to caste polymorphism. Here, we show that termite brain morphology changes markedly with caste differentiation and age in the termite, Reticulitermes speratus. Brain morphology was shown to be associated with reproductive division of labor, with reproductive individuals (alates and neotenic reproductives) having larger brains than nonreproductives (workers and soldiers). Micro‐computed tomography (CT) imaging and dissection observations showed that the king's brain morphology changed markedly with shrinkage of the optic lobes during their long life in the dark. Behavioral experiments showed that mature primary kings lose visual function as a result of optic lobe shrinkage. These results suggested that termites restructure their nervous systems to perform necessary tasks as they undergo caste differentiation, and that they also show flexible changes in brain morphology even after the final molt. This study showed that brain morphology in social insects is linked to caste and aging, and that the evolution of the division of labor is underpinned by the development of diverse neural systems for specialized tasks.
Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability in the echocardiographic evaluation of wall motion abnormality in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or takotsubo syndrome – A novel approach
Authors: Poller Angela , Jha Sandeep , Espinosa Aaron Shekka , Zeijlon Rickard , Thorleifsson Sigurdur James , Andersson Erik Axel , Bobbio Emanuele , Pirazzi Carlo , Gudmundsson Thorsteinn , Mellberg Tomas , Martinsson Andreas , Bech‐Hanssen Odd , Redfors Björn
Published: June 2023

Introduction and Objectives

Using existing transthoracic echocardiographic indices to quantify left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMAs) can be difficult due to the variations in the location of the abnormalities within the left ventricle, the quality of examinations, and the inter‐/intra‐observer variability of available indices. This study aimed to evaluate a new approach for measuring the extent of WMA by calculating the percentage of abnormal wall motion and comparing it to the wall motion score index (WMSI). The study also sought to assess inter‐ and intra‐observer variability.

Methods

The study included 140 echocardiograms from 54 patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or Takotsubo syndrome. All patients underwent an echocardiographic examination according to a standard protocol and the images were used to measure the extent of akinesia (proportion akinesia, PrA), akinesia and hypokinesia (proportion akinesia/hypokinesia, PrAH), and WMSI. The inter‐observer variability between the two operators was analyzed. The intra‐observer analysis was performed by one observer using the same images at least 1 month after the first measurement. The agreement was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland‐Altman plots.

Results

Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability for PrA and PrAH were low and comparable to those for WMSI.

Conclusion

PrA and PrAH are reliable and reproducible echocardiographic methods for the evaluation of left ventricular wall motion.
Evaluating the stress of root canal treatment in patients and dentists compared to other dental treatments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huynh Richard , Peters Christine I. , Zafar Sobia , Peters Ove A.
Published: June 2023

This systematic review aimed to investigate whether root canal treatment caused greater stress than other dental treatments for patients and dentists. All peer‐reviewed literature published in English between January 1990 and January 2023 was included. This included randomized/non‐randomized control trials, cohort studies, case‐control studies, and cross‐sectional studies. An electronic search used PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, and Embase. Hand searching supplemented the screening pool. Studies examining physiological or psychological stress measures within patients or providers of dental treatment (dentists, dental specialists, and dental students) were eligible. The study must have reported on the stress outcome for root canal treatment and at least one other dental procedure. After screening 3639 eligible records, there were 23 studies included, varying from very‐low to low certainty of evidence. This review found that root canal treatment was more psychologically stressful for patients than routine restorative or cleaning procedures. However, the stress of root canal treatment relative to other dental procedures, especially extractions, was inconclusive for both dental patients and providers. Since patients regard root canal treatment as more stress‐evoking than other routine dental procedures, providers should endeavour to minimise their own bias toward root canal treatment when providing adequate information for an informed treatment choice.
Progress and prospects of quantum computing in sustainable development: An analytical review
Authors: Sood Vaishali , Chauhan Rishi Pal
Published: June 2023

The field of quantum computing holds tremendous potential for advancing sustainable development through the design and development of sustainable materials and technologies. The domain has undergone significant growth and development in recent years, necessitating a quantitative and inclusive analysis of research advancements to comprehend research trends and directions. Henceforth, a scientometric analysis of scholarly literature from the Scopus database has been conducted to understand the research status of the discipline by analysing publication trends, most cited article analysis, document co‐citation analysis, and author co‐citation analysis. Furthermore, the CiteSpace tool is used to fulfil the visualization needs and comprehensive analysis of scientific literature to highlight emerging topics and quantum computing trends. The results of the study unveil spin‐based quantum computing and lithographically defined quantum dots with exchange coupling as highly promising frontiers for exploration. These cutting‐edge advancements exhibit exceptional potential for attaining remarkable fidelity in the quantum computing domain. Furthermore, it uncovers a trove of potential research areas for delving into the captivating phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum dots, and spontaneous parametric down‐conversion techniques emerge as promising areas, enticing scholars to embark on scientific quests aimed at unravelling the intricate complexities of entanglement. The study offers a comprehensive overview of quantum computing research advancements, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers driving sustainable development.
Micro‐CT evaluation of the effect of various ScRp instrumentation methods on cement loss, porosity and micro‐crack formation
Authors: Yıldız Hasan , Bagis Nilsun , Camgoz Melike , Karacaoglu Fatma , Ocak Mert , Orhan Kaan
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on cement loss, porosity and micro‐crack formation, which was not evaluated before, following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).

Methods

In this experimental study, 30 single‐rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All the teeth were scanned with micro‐CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed with Gracey curettes, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device, and Group 3: SRP was performed by using diamond burs. Cement loss from the root surface, porosity, and micro‐crack formation in the root dentine were analysed. Micro‐CT is used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples. The obtained data were analysed statistically (p < 0.05).

Results

Minimum cement loss following SRP was detected with ultrasonic scaler (26.98 mm3), whereas the highest was created by diamond burs (96.20 mm3) (p < 0.05). The total porosity values after SRP were 0.278%, 0.334% and 0.252% for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although Group 3 had the least porosity values, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The highest micro‐crack formation was seen in Group 2 and the lowest was in Group 1 with a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

More cement loss was observed with diamond burs. Ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to instrumentation with curettes. However, ultrasonic devices should be used carefully because of micro‐crack formation since the micro‐crack resulting from instrumentation with hand instruments is the least of all.
Synthesis of single‐phase high‐entropy diboride powders and their spheroidization process
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Liu Chang , Dong Yuanjiang , Yang Zongxian , Jin Huacheng , Ding Fei , Bai Liuyang , Fan Junmei , Wang Chun , Yuan Fangli
Published: June 2023

Spherical (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders with a uniform particle size distribution are successfully prepared using a novel industrial approach, which combines spray‐drying process and thermal plasma sintering technology together. In this, single‐phase (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders are first synthesized via a borothermal reduction process using a mixture of individual metallic oxides and boron powders as starting materials. The influence of boron powder content on the structure of prepared powders is researched. Then, (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 granules are prepared after wet‐grinding and spray‐drying process, which exhibit a spherical shape and homogeneous element distribution. RF induction thermal plasma is finally used to sinter the granulated particle, and the apparent density of sintered spherical powders is increased to 2.57 g/cm3 from 1.43 g/cm3. Such powders are in potential demand for additive manufacturing techniques, and the successful synthesis of spherical (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders may guide the way toward the preparation of many other spherical high‐entropy diboride powders.
How do we measure the intangible? Overcoming the measurement challenge in services
Authors: Banerji Diptiman , Ramasundaram Aishwarya , Sreejesh S. , Shukla Yupal S. , Chatterjee Ravi
Published: June 2023

Measuring service tangibility and intangibility aspects has been an interest to service researchers. While the Likert rating scale has been widely employed for measuring mental intangibility or its dimensions, it is not free from issues such as different anchoring, that is, the same words pointing to different attitudes and understanding for different individuals. The present study proposes the usefulness of a discrete choice experiment (DCE), where respondents are asked the same questions (i.e., items) and are presented with a scale while dichotomizing the possible responses for each scale item. We show that our proposed method is accurate and generalizable across contexts and samples through multiple studies. The DCE method gives managers a better way to measure intangibility or similar service constructs like service quality, which can help them manage their service offerings and make customers happier.
Experiences of poverty amongst low‐income older adults living in a high‐income country: A qualitative study
Authors: Dobarrio‐Sanz Iria , Chica‐Pérez Anabel , Martínez‐Linares José Manuel , López‐Entrambasaguas Olga María , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel
Published: June 2023

Aim

To understand the experience of low‐income older adults living in poverty in a high‐income country.

Design

A qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology.

Methods

A convenience sample of twenty‐seven low‐income older adults were interviewed in‐depth between September 2021 and January 2022. Fleming's method for conducting phenomenological qualitative studies was followed and ATLAS.ti software was used for data analysis.

Results

Three main themes were extracted from the analysis: (i) ‘living in the shadow of poverty’, (ii) ‘unprotected by the ‘social shield’ of the welfare state’ (iii) ‘the struggle to attain good health’.

Conclusion

Living in poverty affects all spheres of life. Older adults living in poverty feel excluded from social support policies and laws. This has a negative impact on the older adults' mental health and can lead to social isolation.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nursing interventions to promote health amongst older adults living in poverty should include an assessment of the patient's social determinants and a focus on increasing social participation. Older people living in poverty experience difficulties accessing formal social support so nurses should implement patient navigation interventions that aim to help them overcome the complexities of the system. Nursing interventions to improve mental health amongst older adults living in poverty are much needed.

Impact

Living in poverty increases older adults' vulnerability. Older adults living in poverty suffer from mental health issues as they live under constant pressure to meet their basic needs and lack formal social support. These findings are important for nurses, who play a pivotal role in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions that promote health equity.

Reporting Method

The study has been conducted following the COREQ guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

There has been no public or patient involvement in the design or development of the study.
Servant leadership behaviour of head nurse assessment and its linkage with nurse work engagement in China
Authors: Qin Lulu , Li Jiayin , Li Cai
Published: June 2023

Aim

To assess the servant leadership behaviour of head nurse and its linkage with nurse work engagement in China.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A anonymous investigation with the stratified cluster randomized sampling of nurse was conducted in Hunan Province of China in December 2020. We administered the Perceived Head Nurse Service Leadership Behaviour Scale and the Chinese version of Utrecht work engagement scale to survey, and analyse its relationships by multiple linear regression.

Results

A number of 890 nurses participated in this study. The average score of the perceived servant leadership of head nurse reported by nurses was 78.90 ± 14.04, which was at a medium level. Among its six dimensions, the dimension of promote nurse development scored highest (16.04 ± 2.84), while the dimension of dedication scored lowest (11.39 ± 2.46). Official nurses reported higher perceived servant leadership scores of head nurses than those who were employed and temporary nurses (b = 1.727, 95% CI: 0.054–3.400); nurses in tertiary hospitals reported higher perceived servant leadership scores of head nurses than nurses in primary and secondary hospitals (b = 2.703, 95% CI: 0.305–5.100); and lower perceived servant leadership scores were associated with nurses' job overtime (b = −4.935, 95% CI: −6.891 to −2.978). Nurses' perceived servant leadership of head nurses were positively associated with nurses' work engagement (r = 0.336, p < .05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the perceived servant leadership of head nurse affected nurses' work engagement strongly (b = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.479–0.691).

Conclusion

The servant leadership behaviour of head nurse in China was at the medium level, which was positively associated with nurses' work engagement. Further research should improve the power of the servant leadership behaviour of head nurse by integrating additional training, policies and support.

Impact

It is time to consider the servant leadership behaviour of head nurses and its linkage with nurses' work engagement in China seriously, and address the policies, guidelines, curriculum, and practice culture.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study was conducted to explore the situation of servant leadership behaviour of head nurses and its linkage with nurses' work engagement in China, which did not include input from the public or the intended participants.
Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in vivo differentiation with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy: A retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Guida Stefania , Alma Antonio , Fiorito Flavio , Megna Andrea , Chester Johanna , Kaleci Shaniko , Ciardo Silvana , Manfredini Marco , Rongioletti Franco , Perrot Jean L. , Rubegni Pietro , Chello Camilla , Cantisani Carmen , Pellacani Giovanni , Cinotti Elisa , Farnetani Francesca
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Dermoscopic predictors of lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) have been recently reported, but these have not been reported in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).

Objectives

(i) To validate dermoscopic predictors for LM/LMM, (ii) to identify RCM patterns in LM and LMM, and (iii) correlations between dermoscopic and RCM features in LM and LMM.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective, multicentre study of consecutive lesions with histologically proven LM or LMM subtypes of the head and face, with complete sets of dermoscopic and RCM images.

Results

A total of 180 lesions were included (n = 40 LMM). Previously reported differential dermoscopic features for LM subtypes were confirmed. Other features significantly associated with LMM diagnosis included irregular hyperpigmented areas, shiny white streaks, atypical vessels and light brown colour at dermoscopy and medusa head‐like structures, dermal nests and nucleated cells within the papillae at RCM (p < 0.05). Correlations among LM lesions between dermoscopic and RCM features included brown to‐grey dots and atypical cells (epidermis), grey colour and inflammation and obliterated follicles and medusa head‐like structures. Among LMM lesions, significant correlations included obliterated follicles with folliculotropism, both irregular hyperpigmented areas and irregular blotches with widespread atypical cell distribution (epidermis), dermal nests and nucleated cells within the papillae (dermis). Irregular blotches were also associated with medusa head‐like structures (dermal epidermal junction [DEJ]).

Conclusions

Dermoscopic and RCM features can assist in the in vivo identification of LM and LMM and many are correlated. RCM three‐dimensional analysis of skin layers allows the identification of invasive components in the DEJ and dermis.
Cortical bone distribution of the proximal phalanges in great apes: implications for reconstructing manual behaviours
Authors: Syeda Samar M. , Tsegai Zewdi J. , Cazenave Marine , Skinner Matthew M. , Kivell Tracy L.
Published: June 2023

Primate fingers are typically in direct contact with the environment during both locomotion and manipulation, and aspects of external phalangeal morphology are known to reflect differences in hand use. Since bone is a living tissue that can adapt in response to loading through life, the internal bone architecture of the manual phalanges should also reflect differences in manual behaviours. Here, we use the R package Morphomap to analyse high‐resolution microCT scans of hominid proximal phalanges of digits 2–5 to determine whether cortical bone structure reflects variation in manual behaviours between bipedal (Homo), knuckle‐walking (Gorilla, Pan) and suspensory (Pongo) taxa. We test the hypothesis that relative cortical bone distribution patterns and cross‐sectional geometric properties will differ both among extant great apes and across the four digits due to locomotor and postural differences. Results indicate that cortical bone structure reflects the varied hand postures employed by each taxon. The phalangeal cortices of Pongo are significantly thinner and have weaker cross‐sectional properties relative to the African apes, yet thick cortical bone under their flexor sheath ridges corresponds with predicted loading during flexed finger grips. Knuckle‐walking African apes have even thicker cortical bone under the flexor sheath ridges, as well as in the region proximal to the trochlea, but Pan also has thicker diaphyseal cortices than Gorilla. Humans display a distinct pattern of distodorsal thickening, as well as relatively thin cortices, which may reflect the lack of phalangeal curvature combined with frequent use of flexed fingered hand grips during manipulation. Within each taxon, digits 2–5 have a similar cortical distribution in Pongo, Gorilla and, unexpectedly, Homo, which suggest similar loading of all fingers during habitual locomotion or hand use. In Pan, however, cortical thickness differs between the fingers, potentially reflecting differential loading during knuckle‐walking. Inter‐ and intra‐generic variation in phalangeal cortical bone structure reflects differences in manual behaviours, offering a comparative framework for reconstructing hand use in fossil hominins.
Tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice via the NLRP3/Caspase‐1 pathway
Authors: Sun Xu , Lu Yunping , Pang Qian , Luo Bin , Jiang Qingsong
Published: June 2023

Objective

Loss of occlusal support due to tooth loss has been indicated as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive dysfunction and illustrate the role of neuroinflammation in advancing Alzheimer's disease.

Materials and Methods

Male 5‐month‐old senescence‐accelerated mouse strain P8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n = 7): the C (control), S (sham‐operated), and TL (tooth loss) groups. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess spatial memory. Additionally, histopathological and molecular assessments of hippocampal tissues were performed.

Results

The TL groups exhibited impaired spatial memory in the water maze. Tooth loss induced higher protein expression levels of the neuroinflammation cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the hippocampus than in the S and C groups. Tooth loss activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased the expression of Caspase‐1 in the hippocampus.

Conclusions

The findings indicated that tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice and is closely related to the activation of NLRP3/Caspase‐1 in the hippocampus.
Point of (no) return? Vegetation structure and diversity of restored mangroves in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 14–16 years on
Authors: Djamaluddin Rignolda , Fusi Marco , Djabar Brama , Evans Darren , Holmes Rachael , Huxham Mark , O'Connell Darren P. , Salzmann Ulrich , Singleton Ian , Tjoa Aiyen , Trianto Agus , Diele Karen
Published: June 2023

Mangrove forests, benefitting millions of people, experience significant degradation. Global recognition of the urgency of halting and reversing this trend have initiated numerous restoration activities. Restoration success is typically evaluated by estimating mangrove survival and area restored, while diversity and structure of vegetation, as proxies for functional forests, are rarely considered. Here we assess mangrove species richness along sea‐landward transects and evaluate restoration outcomes by comparing number of mangrove species, relative species abundance, biomass, diameter, and canopy cover in “Monoculture Reforestation”, “Mixed Species Regeneration” and adjacent “Reference” forest stands, 14 (Tiwoho site) and 16 years (Likupang site) after restoration activities took place. In the “Monoculture Reforestation” plots, mangrove diversity and structure still closely reflected the original restoration actions, with only one and two “new” species having established among the originally densely planted “foundation” species. In contrast, the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots were more similar to the “Reference” plots in terms of tree diameter and canopy coverage, but species number, abundance and biomass were still lower. The trajectory of the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots suggests their similarity with the “Reference” stands will increase over time, whereas such “smooth” transition is unlikely to happen in the planted “Monoculture Reforestation” stands, in the foreseeable future. Implementing frequent small‐scale disturbances in restored forest management would increase stand structure and diversity, accelerating the establishment of a more natural, and likely more functional and resilient forest.