bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importância dos probióticos no tratamento da intolerância à lactose
Authors: Fernandes Leão Quênia , Pontes Andrade Lima Vital Daniela
Published: June 2020

A intolerância à lactose (IL) consiste na deficiência ou ausência da enzima lactase, assim o indivíduo apresenta dificuldade na digestão da lactose. Quando há má absorção desse carboidrato, o intolerante apresenta sinais e sintomas como diarreia, flatulências, dor abdominal. Uma alternativa considerável para atenuar os sinais e sintomas dos pacientes é a utilização de probióticos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a importância dos probióticos no tratamento da intolerância à lactose. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico, a partir de artigos publicados nas bases de dados SciELO, Periódicos Capes, MEDLINE e PubMed, incluindo publicações em livros do acervo institucional, utilizando os seguintes descritores: intolerância à lactose e probióticos. Como critério de seleção, os artigos deveriam evidenciar o uso de probióticos no tratamento da intolerância à lactose. Foram excluídos os artigos que não foram publicados entre o ano de 2009 até 2019. Resultados e discussão: Os probióticos são microrganismos vivos que proporcionam benefícios ao hospedeiro como, dificultar a colonização por bactérias patogênicas e minimizar os sinais e sintomas da IL. A melhor digestão da lactose deve-se, por exemplo, à atividade da enzima lactase microbiana. Os probióticos mais utilizados são as bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium. Considerações finais: De acordo com a literatura, o uso de probióticos tem se mostrado útil para o alívio dos sinais e sintomas da intolerância a lactose. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos para melhor compreensão da relação dos probióticos com o distúrbio em questão e para a garantia dos efeitos positivos da sua administração.
Drug-related problems: An observational study at an Integrated Health Center
Authors: Ferreira Oliveira Dante , Cavalaro Victor , Rocha Oliveira Carlos
Published: June 2020

Failure in drug therapy can cause damage to the patient's health, becoming a real public health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate a prevalence of DRP in patients of the Integrated Health Center of the University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil. Medical records of twenty-eight patients were assessed using the Dáder Method from March to September 2019. Gender, age, weight, height, lifestyle and drug therapy were used to profile these patients. The highest concentration of patients aged 54 to 78 years old and the gender profile was 85.2% female and 14.8% male. The proportional ratio was verified when evaluating the profiles of the patients with some report of DRP being, 78.6% female and 21.4% male. The greatest number of prescriptions were observed in neurology and rheumatology, being 50.0% prescriptions of neurology and 32.0% of rheumatology. The specialties with more prescriptions with any identified DRP, with 21.4% were neurology and rheumatology. The DRP1 was the most recurrent in the prescriptions evaluated, followed by DRP5 and DRP6, followed by general practitioner. Further studies are needed to assist in the development of new instruments for the classification and prevention of risks related to medicines, especially in places where there is no pharmacotherapeutic segment, an important practice in reducing medication errors
Effects of the α/γ-Phase Ratio on the Corrosion Behavior of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Yamamoto Ryotaro , Yakuwa Hiroshi , Miyasaka Matsuho , Hara Nobuyoshi
Published: June 2020

The effects of the α/γ-phase ratio on pitting corrosion initiation and growth in cast duplex stainless steel were studied, including the preferential dissolution of the two phases inside the pits, using pitting potential measurement and potentiostatic polarization measurement with a high concentration of chloride ions and a low pH. The initiation of pitting was not dependent on the α-phase ratio. The γ phase preferentially dissolves when a high potential in the active dissolution region is applied, and the α phase preferentially dissolves when a low potential is applied. In addition, with an increase in α-phase ratio, the potential range where the α phase preferentially dissolves enlarged toward the higher potential side. The growth rate of stable pitting increased with the α-phase ratio. Dissolution of the α phase increased with an increase in the α-phase ratio. This phenomenon is presumably caused by the decreased amount of Cr in the α phase, resulting from the increased α-phase ratio, as well as by Cr depletion around Cr nitrides.
Balanced Scorecard Framework for Evaluating the Entrepreneurial Potential of the University. Analyzing the Case of a Romanian University
Authors: Lina Diana-Manuela
Published: June 2020

Studies addressing the use of Balanced Scorecard for measuring the management performance generally focus on private organizations and less on non-profit organizations, particularly on universities. On the other hand, there is a great research interest in defining the entrepreneurial university dimensions. In this context, the objective of this study is to explore the evaluation of the entrepreneurial potential of the university using Balanced Scorecard, based on the understanding and development of the concept of entrepreneurial university.Adopting the method of qualitative analysis and using primary data obtained from the university’s official strategic planning documents, the study analyzes the entrepreneurial potential of the university using BSC as an evaluation tool.The analysis is made at the „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași level. This university located in Romania, together with other Romanian universities are taking the first steps towards becoming entrepreneurial by: introducing entrepreneurship courses, setting up student entrepreneurial societies, supporting competitions that stimulate entrepreneurship among students, creating technology transfer offices.The results reflect the perspective of using BSC as a useful management instrument for evaluation and development of the entrepreneurial potential of university.The study can contribute to a better understanding of using BSC as a management tool for evaluating entrepreneurial universities.
Evaluation and Management of Carpal Fractures Other Than the Scaphoid
Authors: Catalano Louis W. , Minhas Shobhit V. , Kirby David J.
Published: June 2020

Fractures of the carpus can be debilitating injuries and often lead to chronic pain and dysfunction when not properly treated. Although scaphoid fractures are more common, fractures of the other carpal bones account for nearly half of all injuries of the carpus. Often missed on initial presentation, a focused physical examination with imaging tailored to the suspected injury is needed to identify these fractures. In addition to plain radiographs, advanced imaging such as CT and MRI are helpful in diagnosis and management. Treatment of carpal fractures is based on the degree of displacement, stability of the fracture, and associated injuries. Those that require surgical fixation often affect the congruency of the articular surfaces, are unstable, are at risk for symptomatic nonunion, are associated with notable ligamentous injury, or are causing nerve or tendon entrapment. Surgical strategies involve percutaneous Kirschner wires, external fixation, screws and/or plates, excision, or fusion for salvage. Owing to the intimate articulations in the hand, small size of the carpal bones, and complex vascular supply, carpal fracture complications include symptomatic nonunion, osteonecrosis, and posttraumatic arthritis.
Complications and Readmissions After Reverse and Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty With Same-day Discharge
Authors: Antonacci Christopher L. , Cu Benedict J. , Erickson Brandon J. , Vazquez Oscar , Alberta Frank G.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Recent studies have demonstrated the safety of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in an outpatient setting. No clinical studies, to date, have specifically analyzed complication and readmission rates after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) with same-day discharge. The purpose of this study was to compare the 90-day complication and readmission rates of patients undergoing TSA and RTSA with same-day discharge.

Methods:

Ninety-eight consecutive patients who underwent 104 shoulder arthroplasties with same-day discharge (52 TSA and 52 RTSA) between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. Suitability for same-day discharge was determined preoperatively using the standardized criteria. Demographic variables, operative time, 90-day readmission, and complication rates were recorded and compared between groups. Differences between the patients undergoing TSA versus RTSA were evaluated with Student t-test, Mann-Whitney test, or Chi square tests as statistically appropriate and reported as P values.

Results:

Average age in the TSA cohort was significantly lower (60.1 ± 7.4 versus 67.5 ± 7.5, respectively; P < 0.001). Total operating room time was significantly shorter in the RTSA cohort (153 ± 30.1 minutes versus 171 ± 20.9). Three minor postoperative complications (5.8%) were observed in the TSA cohort (three seromas) within the 90-day postoperative period. There were four postoperative complications (7.7%) in the RTSA cohort (two postoperative seromas, one periprosthetic fracture, and one dislocation). None of the TSA patients required readmission and 1 RTSA (periprosthetic fracture) patient required readmission within 90 days.

Discussion:

RTSA with same-day discharge is a safe option for appropriately selected patients despite significantly increased age. 90-day readmission and complication rates between outpatient TSA and RTSA are similar.

Data Availability:

Yes.

Trial Registration Numbers:

NA

Level of Evidence:

III (case-control)
Male genitalia injuries: Unspoken collateral damage from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Spooner Jesse , Lee Linda , Kinahan John , Metcalfe Michael , Hoag Nathan
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2), otherwise known as “COVID-19”, spread across the globe in early 2020 resulting in unprecedented and overwhelming impacts on local health systems. Island Health (IH) authority which serves Vancouver Island, British Columbia, has been fortunate to have a low incidence of COVID-19. However, it has noticed a higher than expected male genitourinary (GU) injury  rate. We present six cases of GU trauma in the span of one week during the pandemic. One wonders whether behavioural changes secondary to COVID-19 restrictions, and the lifting of them, may correspond to an increase in male genitourinary complications.
Determinants of Demand for Automobiles in Brazil: An Econometric Analysis in the Period 2012-2017
Authors: Vartanian Pedro Raffy , Silva de Oliveira Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to investigate the determinants of demand for automobiles in Brazil in the period 2012-2017. To this end, the research initially contemplates a historical approach that shows that the sector developed, at first, guided by the State and, subsequently, in a race by foreign automakers to build the respective production plants, until it became one of the main sectors of the Brazilian economy, whose performance directly reflects the behavior of all national production. The second step was to model the contemporary behavior of the sector, where it can be seen that some variables, such as income, price, interest rate, IPI rates, and seasonality, have relevant statistical significance and can be used to interpret demand and make forecasts about the future of the sector. An econometric estimate based on ordinary least squares with a dummy variable was used. Among the results found, the importance of the income and price effects as important determinants of demand for automobiles in Brazil in the analyzed period stands out.
Still (Un)Born: Derrida, Heidegger, Trakl
Authors: Marder Elissa ,   DePaul University
Published: June 2020

This essay traces the pivotal—although largely unspoken—relation between the mother and language in Derrida’s reading of Heidegger’s reading of Trakl in Geschlecht III. Derrida’s gloss of the “idiom” in Heidegger’s text leads to a reflection on the language of gestation through the family of words linking “tragen” (carrying) to “austragen” (carrying to term). Following Derrida, the essay proposes that Heidegger’s conception of the time of the “unborn” in his essay “Language in the Poem” is the time of the promise and the promise of a future that would not be conceived according to a vulgar conception of time. Heidegger’s idiomatic use of the prefix “un-” in the terms “unspoken” and “unborn” can be read as a temporal inflection that opens up another kind of thinking about birth. The essay concludes by asking how the place of the mother is inscribed otherwise in this unthinking of birth.
Nutritional Status and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices among Buhid Mangyan Tribe, Occidental Mindoro Philippines
Authors: Jr. Artemio M. Gonzales , Salvador Marciel N.
Published: June 2020

Nutritionally adequate and safe complementary feeding starting from the age of 6 months up to 59 months is one of the effective intervention to reduce infant and child morbidity and malnutrition. This study aims to determine the nutritional status of children ages 6-59 months and their caregiver’s infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices of the Buhid community in Rizal, Occidental Mindoro.
The design used in this study was a descriptive cross-sectional carried out between December 2016-February 2017. A survey questionnaire was utilized as an instrument in this study. It includes an anthropometric survey of 6-59 months old and infant and young child feeding practices using WHO and UNICEF IYCF indicators. Vaccination, vitamin A supplementation and deworming coverage were also measured.
Findings revealed a prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) at a critical level. There is a low but significant prevalence of stunting and underweight among children. There is a good infant and young feeding practice in the community except for the minimum acceptable diet during complementary feeding. Lastly, there is low BCG and measles vaccination coverage in the community that could be a threat to the impending disease outbreak.
The development trends of folded morphogenesis in modern architecture
Authors: Kirichkov Igor
Published: June 2020

Folded morphogenesis, which with the emergence of reinforced structures in the early XX century received a strong boost to the development, is actively used in modern architecture. The object of this research contains three types of buildings: 1) with folded forms as the main composite element; 2) with concept based on Gilles Deleuze theory of folds; 3) that use thin folded reinforced concrete structures. The goal of this work is to determine the development trend of folded morphogenesis in modern architecture, as well as give a forecast to the development of folded morphogenesis. The criteria for analysis became the quantitative and qualitative indicators: duration of construction, duration of exploitation, cost of construction, capacity, total area, height, construction material, construction place, situation, aesthetic aspect, functionality, number of floors, utility, private or government capital, and the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The research results demonstrate that the development trends of folded morphogenesis are vectored from utilitarian to spectacular function, as well as excessive fascination of the architects with aesthetics of the folded forms.
Conservative approach towards aesthetics of architecture: Roger Scruton's philosophy
Authors: Viazinkin Aleksei , Dvukhzhilova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the conservative approach towards aesthetics of architecture in the philosophy of British thinker, aesthetician and theorist of conservatism Roger Scruton. The cultural situation of postindustrial society – consumerism and commodification of culture – requires new approaches in art history, which are capable of establishing protective trends in the social life. Scruton offers an alternative approach towards art, which represents not so much a return to the traditional values, as revival of cultural situation. Such situation implies the existence of art as a translator of traditional values that strengthen social ties. This article is the first within the Russian scientific literature to examine the aesthetics of Scruton’s architecture in the context of his conservative philosophy, which defines the scientific novelty and outlines new horizons for research in the fields of aesthetics of architecture and philosophy of modern British conservatism. The conclusion is made that Scruton's appeal to the topic of aesthetic experience expands the problematic from pure aesthetics to the unity of ethics, theory of solidarity, and axiology of traditional culture.
The SOLVIT Network: State of the Art and Possible Future Developments
Authors: Lottini Micaela
Published: June 2020

After two decades from the first policy documents and the setting up of the SOLVIT network, the European Commission adopted an Action Plan on the reinforcement of SOLVIT, as part of a packageof measures aimed at enhancing compliance with EU law and at improving the functioning of the
internal market (the 'compliance package'). With the Action Plan the Commission renews its commitment to improving the quality of SOLVIT's services by working from different viewpoints and in strict cooperation with the Member States and the other European institutions. Also, the Action Plan
is leading the way towards future developments of the network, having regard to its relations with the Commission, its objectives and its role in the integration of the internal market. Most importantly, however, the Commission is making it clear that SOLVIT is, among other things, a mechanism
to enhance 'compliance', in particular by ensuring the effective application of EU law by national public administrations and by helping citizens and undertakings to avail themselves of their European rights and liberties.
Effect of Starter Addition on the Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Pasteurized Milk White Cheese (Gibna bayda)
Authors: Salih Hanaa M. A. , Abdalla Mohamed O. M.
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of starter culture addition on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of white cheese (Gibna Bayda) during the storage period (5°C/ 45 days).

Methodology: Two treatments were prepared: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (1:1) at the level of 2% (w/v); Treatment 2 (T2): the control; cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures. After cheese manufacture, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined at 1, 15, 30 and 45-day intervals.

Results: Results showed that the starter culture addition did not significantly (P>.05) affect all physiochemical characteristics of cheese, except for the ash content which was high in cheese manufactured with the addition of starter culture. The addition of the starter inﬂuenced the microbiological quality of the cheese, with total viable bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and moulds counts being significantly (P<.05) low. Furthermore, the cheese made with an added starter culture showed high scores of colour, taste and flavour. The storage period significantly affected all characteristics of the cheese, except for the fat content of the control, which remained unchanged during all storage periods.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that starter culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) (1:1) is likely to be a suitable culture for Sudanese white cheese.
Phytoplankton Community Structure as Bioindicator of Water Quality in Floating Net Cage Area with Different Density at Cirata Reservoir
Authors: Fathan Mohamad Rizki Ramadhan Nida , Hasan Zahidah , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Herawati Heti
Published: June 2020

Cirata Reservoir is built with water sources originating from the Citarum River. Cirata Reservoir mainly use as a hydroelectric power plant and fish cultivation area with a floating net cage system. The utilization of a reservoir for the cultivation of fish in the Cirata Reservoir had exceeded the specified capacity by the government. That matter had caused the water quality to change in waters of the Cirata Reservoir. Phytoplankton is the first organism that is affected because the degradation of water quality. The purpose of this research is to determine the structure community of phytoplankton in floating net cage areas with different density and water flow at Cirata Reservoir. This research was conducted on November 16 - December 8 of 2019 in the Cirata Reservoir with sampling station located at Jangari, Meleber, and Patokbeusi. The method that was used in this research was purposive sampling method. The result of physic-chemical parameter of this research showed that temperature at all station ranged between 31,9-34,5°C, transparency 53,5-76 cm, pH 6,87-7,67, CO2  8,4-16,8 mg/L, BOD5 1,1-20,5 mg/L, DO 5,83-9,72 mg/L, nitrate 0,169-0,241 mg/L, ammonia 0,001-0,241 mg/L, and phosphate 0,131-0,195 mg/L. The result of phytoplankton community structure indicated that composition of phytoplankton had 30 genera with Chlorophyceae class as the most dominant. The abundance of phytoplankton during research was ranged between 49.570-338.450 ind/L, diversity index 0,78-0,88, domination index 0,12-0,22, and saprobic index 1,04-1,59. Saprobic index indicated that water in each station was included in mild to moderate pollution category or in the β-Meso/ oligosaprobic phased which was showed by the large number of Gloeocystis and Glenodinium genera.
Effect of Phosphorus and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa)
Authors: Marma Lathuenu , Akand Md. Hasanuzzaman , Islam Md. Nazrul
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out in the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during October 2017 to March 2018 to study the Effect of phosphorus (P) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth and yield  of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa). Four phosphorus levels viz P0 = 0 kg P2O5 ha-1, P1 = 65 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2 = 85 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3 = 110 kg P2O5 ha-1 and three GA3 levels viz. G0 = 0 ppm GA3, G1 = 115 ppm GA3 and G2 =145 ppm GA3. The experiment was laid out in the two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Regarding P application, P3 gave the highest plant height (61.02 cm) and number of leaves plant-1 (7. 29.35) compared to control treatment but the highest yield parameters no. of spike ha-1 (368.60 thousand), bulb yield (25.88 t ha-1) and bulblet yield (14.21 t ha-1) were found from the treatment P2 whereas control treatment P0 showed lowest results. In case of GA3 application, G2 showed highest growth and yield parameter and the highest no. of spike ha-1 (362.30 thousand), bulb yield (25.38 t ha-1) and bulblet yield (14.00 t ha-1) were obtained from G2 whereas the lowest results were found from the control treatment G0. Treatment combine of P and GA3, the highest no. of spike ha-1 (405.60 thousand), bulb yield (31.45 t ha-1), and bulblet yield (16.01 t ha-1) were found from P2G2 combination whereas the lowest no. of spike ha-1 (189.60 thousand), bulb yield (14.57 t ha-1) and bulblet yield (9.05 t ha-1) was found from the control treatment combination of P0G0. In terms of economic analysis, the highest gross return (Tk. 471550), net return (Tk. 289337) and BCR (2.59) were also obtained from P2G2 whereas the lowest gross return (Tk. 227470), net return (Tk. 57703) and BCR (1.34) was obtained from P0G0. From the above results, it can be stated that that the P application @ 85 kg P2O5 ha-1 and GA3 application @ 145 ppm can be considered for higher yield and economic return in commercial cultivation of tuberose.
Effect of Mulches Types Use and Chicken Manure Doses to Growth and Yield of Shallot
Authors: Dwipa Indra , . Warnita , Savitri Yanni
Published: June 2020

Aims: The research aimed to study the interaction of mulch types and chicken manure doses to growth and yield of shallot.

Study Design:  Factorial design in completely randomized design with 2 factors.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Panai Pasir Talang, Muaralabuh, South Solok Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia from December 2018 to February 2019. The altitude of research site was 430 meter above sea level (asl).

Methodology: Factorial design in completely randomized design with 2 factors was used in the research. First factor was much types (black plastic, silver plastic mulch and rice straw mulch). The second factor was chicken manure dose (10 ton/ha, 20 ton/ha and 30 ton/ha). The data was analyzed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test in 5%.

Results: The result showed that there was no effect of the interaction between mulch types use and chicken manure doses on growth and yield of shallot. For single factor, the black plastic mulch was the best treatment for fresh tuber weight per hectare (11.74 ton/ha). 20 ton/ha of chicken manure dose affected the plant height, number of leaves, fresh tuber weight per hectare and dry weight per hectare.

Conclusion: There was no treatment can be conducted for increasing the growth of shallot.
Evaluation of Bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Noval Fungicides against Purple Blotch of Onion
Authors: Ravikumar M. R. , Harish D. K. , Kumara B. H. , Kumar Amarendra
Published: June 2020

An experiment for the management of purple blotch of onion (Allium cepa L.) caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) was carried out in Hanumanamatti research farm, College of Agriculture, Hanumanamatti, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during 2017-18 and 2018-19.  There were three fungicides combinations tested in vivo, i.e.  Fluxapyroxad 250 g/L  + Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L  500 SC at 75, 100 and 125 a.i, along with individual molecules Pyraclostrobin 20% WG at 100 a.i, Fluxapyroxad 300 g/L SC at 62.5 a.i and Difenconozole 25% EC at 25 g a.i/100 litre of water and Mancozeb 75% WP 1125-1500 g against the purple blotch disease of onion. Out of the seven different fungicides combination or individual molecules, application of Fluxapyroxad 250 g/L  + Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L  500 SC  @ 200 mL/ha has significantly decreased the purple blotch of onion disease. Fluxapyroxad 250 g/L + Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L 500 SC @150 mL/ha was found safer to onion crop without causing any type of phytotoxicity effect.
Air Pollution Tolerance Indices of Vegetables around Abattoirs within Uyo Municipality, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Dan Emmanuel Udo , Ebong Godwin Asukwo , Udo Uwemedimo Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Four common biochemical constituents of some vegetable leaves sourced from some abattoir waste – impacted soils and a Control within Uyo Metropolis in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria were assessed for their air pollution tolerance capacities using standard analytical protocols. Results indicated varied amounts of biochemical constituents in studied leaves with respect to the different abattoir soils with some constituents showing direct relationship with another. Biochemical constituents analyzed were higher in leaves from the Control soil than in the leaves from the studied abattoir soils except for relative water content. Tolerance levels of the leaves based on Thakar’s and Padmavathi’s categorizations revealed varied tolerance capacities of the tested leaves towards air pollution.  Correlation analysis of the biochemical constituents of the studied leaves using Pearsons’ correlation analysis showed variable relationships.
Studies on Microbial Contamination of Cut and Exposed Onions
Authors: Agi V. N. , Aleru C. P. , Agba P. C.
Published: June 2020

Onions (Allium cepa), a vegetable plant is consumed globally for its culinary and medicinal importance. Despite the various health benefits ascribed to onions, several rumours have been spread, especially on the online media as regards its ability to act as a sponge absorbing microorganisms from the atmosphere, once cut open and left exposed in the atmosphere.

This research work involved the exposure of the half portion of an onion at different sites, while culturing the other half immediately without exposure, to serve as a control. Thirty healthy and fresh onion samples were exposed, and the sites of exposure include: living rooms, public conveniences, kitchens, fridge, freezer, and bole joints (roasted plantain eatery).

After inoculation and identification of the cultured microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., yeast and Aspergillus sp., were isolated with Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. having the highest number of occurrence of 40% having been isolated from twelve test samples each. B. cereus had a percentage occurrence of 30%, having been isolated from nine test samples. E. coli had a 10% occurrence having been isolated from three test samples, while Enterobacter sp. had the lowest rate of occurrence having been isolated in just one test sample. For the fungi isolates, Aspergillus sp. had a percentage occurrence of 76.6% having been isolated in twenty three test samples, while yeast had a percentage occurrence of 66.6%, having been isolated in twenty test samples.

The isolated organisms were all pathogenic organisms, and some such as Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. have been implicated in causing food poisoning. Some other organisms isolated have also been implicated in the spoilage of onions. It is therefore recommended that users of onions should reduce to the barest minimum the tendency to consume raw cut onion sample.
The Evolution of Access to Speech Therapy Services in American Schools
Authors: Bradburn Christina , Gill Cindy
Published: June 2020

Aim: To trace the historic changes, track the progress, and examine the laws that have resulted in access to speech-language therapy for American school children.

Rationale: Examination of the outcome of these changes will help future speech-language pathologists make optimal decisions for school children in the future.  

Summary: Over the last hundred years, dramatic changes have taken place in service delivery for children with speech/language disorders and other disabilities. The evolution of laws, the shifting mindset toward children with handicaps, and the development of the profession of speech-language pathology have ensured that students with disabilities who are in need of speech and language services are eligible to receive them in the schools. There are still difficulties and differences of opinion as to what makes a child eligible for speech therapy services and how service should be delivered. However, the progression that has occurred thus far has resulted in remarkable changes in speech-language therapy in schools in the United States. Examination of the successes and failures during this one-hundred year journey should serve as a roadmap for the future direction of the profession of speech-language pathology as it is employed in the schools.
Low-dimensional de Sitter quantum gravity
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan , Maloney Alexander
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We study aspects of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) quantum gravity in two-dimensional nearly de Sitter (dS) spacetime, as well as pure de Sitter quantum gravity in three dimensions. These are each theories of boundary modes, which include a reparameterization field on each connected component of the boundary as well as topological degrees of freedom. In two dimensions, the boundary theory is closely related to the Schwarzian path integral, and in three dimensions to the quantization of coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group. Using these boundary theories we compute loop corrections to the wavefunction of the universe, and investigate gravitational contributions to scattering.

Along the way, we show that JT gravity in dS2 is an analytic continuation of JT gravity in Euclidean AdS2, and that pure gravity in dS3 is a continuation of pure gravity in Euclidean AdS3. We define a genus expansion for de Sitter JT gravity by summing over higher genus generalizations of surfaces used in the Hartle-Hawking construction. Assuming a conjecture regarding the volumes of moduli spaces of such surfaces, we find that the de Sitter genus expansion is the continuation of the recently discovered AdS genus expansion. Then both may be understood as coming from the genus expansion of the same double-scaled matrix model, which would provide a non-perturbative completion of de Sitter JT gravity.
Loops in AdS: from the spectral representation to position space
Authors: Carmi Dean
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We compute a family of scalar loop diagrams in AdS. We use the spectral representation to derive various bulk vertex/propagator identities, and these identities enable to reduce certain loop bubble diagrams to lower loop diagrams, and often to tree- level exchange or contact diagrams. An important example is the computation of the finite coupling 4-point function of the large-N conformal O(N ) model on AdS
3. Remarkably, the re-summation of bubble diagrams is equal to a certain contact diagram: the

$$ {\overline{D}}_{1,1,\frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}}\left(z,\overline{z}\right) $$

D
¯

1
,
1
,

3
2

,

3
2

z

z
¯

function. Another example is a scalar with ϕ
4 or ϕ
3 coupling in AdS
3: we compute various 4-point (and higher point) loop bubble diagrams with alternating integer and half- integer scaling dimensions in terms of a finite sum of contact diagrams and tree-level exchange diagrams. The 4-point function with external scaling dimensions differences obeying ∆12 = 0 and ∆34 = 1 enjoys significant simplicity which enables us to compute in quite generality. For integer or half-integer scaling dimensions, we show that the M -loop bubble diagram can be written in terms of Lerch transcendent functions of the cross- ratios z and

$$ \overline{z} $$

z
¯

. Finally, we compute 2-point bulk bubble diagrams with endpoints in the bulk, and the result can be written in terms of Lerch transcendent functions of the AdS chordal distance. We show that the similarity of the latter two computations is not a coincidence, but arises from a vertex identity between the bulk 2-point function and the double-discontinuity of the boundary 4-point function.
Association mapping of malting quality traits in UK spring and winter barley cultivar collections
Authors: Looseley Mark E. , Ramsay Luke , Bull Hazel , Swanston J. Stuart , Shaw Paul D. , Macaulay Malcolm , Booth Allan , Russell Joanne R. , Waugh Robbie ,   the IMPROMALT Consortium, Thomas William T. B.
Published: June 2020

Key message

Historical malting quality data was collated from UK national and recommended list trial data and used in a GWAS. 25 QTL were identified, with the majority from spring barley cultivar sets.

In Europe, the most economically significant use of barley is the production of malt for use in the brewing and distilling industries. As such, selection for traits related to malting quality is of great commercial interest. In order to study the genetic basis of variation for malting quality traits in UK cultivars, a historical set of trial data was collated from national and recommended list trials from the period 1988 to 2016. This data was used to estimate variety means for 20 quality related traits in 451 spring barley cultivars, and 407 winter cultivars. Genotypes for these cultivars were generated using iSelect 9k and 50k genotyping platforms, and a genome wide association scan performed to identify malting quality quantitative trait loci (QTL). 24 QTL were identified in spring barley cultivars, and 2 from the winter set. A number of these correspond to known malting quality related genes but the remainder represents novel genetic variation that is accessible to breeders for the genetic improvement of new cultivars.
Does acute stress influence the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect? Implications for substance use disorders
Authors: Steins-Loeber Sabine , Lörsch Frank , van der Velde Caroline , Müller Astrid , Brand Matthias , Duka Theodora , Wolf Oliver T.
Published: June 2020

Rational

The ability of conditioned stimuli to affect instrumental responding is a robust finding from animal as well as human research and is assumed as a key factor regarding the development and maintenance of addictive behaviour.

Objectives

While it is well known that stress is an important factor for relapse after treatment, little is known about the impact of stress on conditioned substance-associated stimuli and their influence on instrumental responding.

Methods

We administered in the present study a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm with stimuli associated with smoking- and chocolate-related rewards using points in a token economy to light to moderate smokers who also indicated to like eating chocolate. After completion of the first two phases of the PIT paradigm (i.e. Pavlovian training and instrumental trainings), participants were randomly allocated to the socially evaluated cold pressor test or a control condition before the final phase of the PIT paradigm, the transfer phase, was administered.

Results

The presentation of a smoking-related stimulus enhanced instrumental responding for a smoking-related reward (i.e. ‘smoking-PIT’ effect) and presentation of a chocolate-related stimulus for a chocolate-related reward (i.e. ‘chocolate-PIT’ effect) in participants aware of the experimental contingencies as indicated by expectancy ratings. However, acute stress did not change (i.e. neither enhanced nor attenuated) the ‘smoking-PIT’ effect or the ‘chocolate-PIT’ effect, and no overall effect of acute stress on tobacco choice was observed in aware participants.

Conclusions

The established role of stress in addiction appears not to be driven by an augmenting effect on the ability of drug stimuli to promote drug-seeking.
Characterization of dried horseradish leaves pomace: phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant capacity, content of organic acids, pigments and volatile compounds
Authors: Tomsone Lolita , Galoburda Ruta , Kruma Zanda , Cinkmanis Ingmars
Published: June 2020

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) leaves pomace, which contains high-value bioactive compounds, is the product resulting from pressing horseradish leaves for juice production. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of convective, microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying on the content of bioactive compounds in horseradish leaves pomace. Convective hot air-drying was performed at 40, 60 and 80 °C. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total flavan-3-ol content, total phenolic acid content, total flavonol content, chlorophylls and total carotenoids, and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Individual profiles of phenols and organic acids are estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but volatile compounds are estimated by gas chromatography (GC). Totally, 14 individual phenolic compounds, 8 organic acids, and 49 volatile compounds were analysed in the studied samples. The main phenolic compound identified in horseradish leaves pomace was rutin (3231 mg/100 g DW), among organic acids—quinic and malic acids, and volatile compounds—allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenenitrile and benzyl alcohol. In the drying process, the content of some (total flavan-3-ols, total carotenoids content) compounds increased, but others (TPC, total organic acids content) decreased, and it was drying method-dependent. Freeze-drying caused the reduction of TPC by 29%, whereas convective drying by 53–59%. Fresh pomace contains such isothiocyanates as allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate, which were completely lost in the drying process. Freeze-drying allowed the best retention of various phenolic and volatile compounds in horseradish leaves pomace.
Monosomal karyotype and chromosome 17p loss or TP53 mutations in decitabine-treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Becker Heiko , Pfeifer Dietmar , Ihorst Gabriele , Pantic Milena , Wehrle Julius , Rüter Björn H. , Bullinger Lars , Hackanson Björn , Germing Ulrich , Kuendgen Andrea , Platzbecker Uwe , Döhner Konstanze , Ganser Arnold , Hagemeijer Anne , Wijermans Pierre W. , Döhner Hartmut , Duyster Justus , Lübbert Michael
Published: June 2020

TP53 aberrations reportedly predict favorable responses to decitabine (DAC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated clinical features and outcomes associated with chromosome 17p loss or TP53 gene mutations in older, unfit DAC-treated AML patients in a phase II trial. Of 178 patients, 25 had loss of 17p in metaphase cytogenetics; 24 of these had a complex (CK+) and 21 a monosomal karyotype (MK+). In analyses in all patients and restricted to CK+ and MK+ patients, 17p loss tended to associate with higher rates of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), or antileukemic effect (ALE). Despite favorable response rates, there was no significant OS difference between patients with or without loss of 17p in the entire cohort or in the CK+ and MK+ cohort. TP53 mutations were identified in eight of 45 patients with material available. Five of the eight TP53-mutated patients had 17p loss. TP53-mutated patients had similar rates of CR/PR/ALE but shorter OS than those with TP53 wild type (P = 0.036). Moreover, patients with a subclone based on mutation data had shorter OS than those without (P = 0.05); only one patient with TP53-mutated AML had a subclone. In conclusion, 17p loss conferred a favorable impact on response rates, even among CK+ and MK+ patients that however could not be maintained. The effect of TP53 mutations appeared to be different; however, patient numbers were low. Future research needs to further dissect the impact of the various TP53 aberrations in HMA-based combination therapies. The limited duration of favorable responses to HMA treatment in adverse-risk genetics AML should prompt physicians to advance allografting for eligible patients in a timely fashion.
Is pre-operative urodynamic bladder function the true predictor of outcome of male sling for post prostatectomy incontinence?
Authors: Toia Bogdan , Leung Lap Yan , Saigal Raveen , Solomon Eskinder , Malde Sachin , Taylor Claire , Sahai Arun , Hamid Rizwan , Seth Jai H. , Sharma Davendra , Greenwell Tamsin J. , Ockrim Jeremy L.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To investigate pre-operative urodynamic parameters in male sling patients to ascertain whether this might better predict surgical outcomes and facilitate patient selection.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, case notes and video-urodynamics, review of men who underwent AdVanceXP male sling in three London hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Urodynamics were performed in all centres, while retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) was performed in one centre.

Results

Successful outcome was seen in 99/130 (76%) of men who required one pad or less per day. The dry rate was 51%. Pad usage was linked to worse surgical outcomes, mean 2.6 (range 1–6.5) for success vs 3.6 (range 1–10) although the ranges were wide (p = 0.002). 24 h pad weight also reached statistical significance (p = 0.05), with a mean of 181 g for success group versus 475 g for the non-successful group. The incidence of DO in the non-successful group was significantly higher than in successful group (55% versus 29%, p = 0.0009). Bladder capacity less than 250 ml was also associated with worse outcomes (p = 0.003). Reduced compliance was not correlated with outcomes (31% for success groups vs 45% for non-successful group, p = 0.15). Preoperative RLPP was performed in 60/130 patients but did not independently reach statistical significance (p = 0.25).

Conclusion

Urodynamic parameters related to bladder function—detrusor overactivity and reduced maximum cystometric capacity predict male sling outcomes and may help in patient selection for male sling (or sphincter) surgery; whereas urodynamic parameters of sphincter incompetency (RLPP) were not predictive. Further larger scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
Tuft deflection velocimetry: a simple method to extract quantitative flow field information
Authors: Steinfurth Ben , Cura C. , Gehring J. , Weiss J.
Published: June 2020

A novel method capable of assessing flow fields in a quick and relatively simple manner is introduced. In an extension to the classical qualitative flow visualization by means of cotton or polymeric tufts, digital data processing is used to extract the orientation of these tufts. This information can be related to physical quantities, in particular to time- and space-dependent velocity signals. The capability of this method is demonstrated in two test scenarios. First, it is applied to gain information on the unsteady near-wall flow along a turbulent separation bubble. Second, the two-component velocity field in the wake of a generic car model is measured, allowing for a quantification of the recirculation zone dimensions. Validation measurements with conventional techniques, e.g., particle image velocimetry, unsteady pressure measurements and hot wire anemometry, are conducted throughout the study. These generally suggest that the novel approach provides a quick and reasonably good quantitative overview of the flow configurations. However, the measurement error may be substantial in flow regions of low velocity or dominated by high-frequency oscillations.

Graphic abstract
Correction to: PIV-based pressure estimation in the canopy of urban-like roughness
Authors: Ferreira M. Aguiar , Ganapathisubramani B.
Published: June 2020

In the published article Ferreira and Ganapathisubramani (2020), Eq. (4) should read instead
Pacific decadal oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Johnson Zachary F. , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Wang S.-Y. Simon , McPhaden Michael J. , Mochizuki Takashi
Published: June 2020

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the leading mode of Pacific decadal sea surface temperature variability, arises mainly from combinations of regional air-sea interaction within the North Pacific Ocean and remote forcing, such as from the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic. Because of such a combination of mechanisms, a question remains as to how much PDO variability originates from these regions. To better understand PDO variability, the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic impacts on the PDO are examined using several 3-dimensional partial ocean data assimilation experiments conducted with two global climate models: the CESM1.0 and MIROC3.2m. In these partial assimilation experiments, the climate models are constrained by observed temperature and salinity anomalies, one solely in the Atlantic basin and the other solely in the equatorial Pacific basin, but are allowed to evolve freely in other regions. These experiments demonstrate that, in addition to the tropical Pacific’s role in driving PDO variability, the Atlantic can affect PDO variability by modulating the tropical Pacific climate through two proposed processes. One is the equatorial pathway, in which tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability causes an El Niño-like SST response in the equatorial Pacific through the reorganization of the global Walker circulation. The other is the north tropical pathway, where low-frequency SST variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation induces a Matsuno-Gill type atmospheric response in the tropical Atlantic-Pacific sectors north of the equator. These results provide a quantitative assessment suggesting that 12–29% of PDO variance originates from the Atlantic Ocean and 40–44% from the tropical Pacific. The remaining 27–48% of the variance is inferred to arise from other processes such as regional ocean-atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific and possibly teleconnections from the Indian Ocean.