bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Silences: A Practitioner’s Toolkit
Authors: Dimitrov Roumen
Published: February 2021

In this paper I present ten patterns of successful silence which professional communicators use in their daily work. A silence succeeds if, first, it is mutually recognised as communication and, second, it conveys meaning, which the listener principally interprets the way the speaker has implied. The focus here is on communicative silence, although non-communicative silence is also a common and legitimate technique. I remain as close as possible to the language of the practitioner, which is both functional and rich in proto-theories that wait to be developed. Patterns are tools, not rules. Rules are abstract and universal. Tools are concrete and situational. Patterns depend on the context and objectives of a campaign —they do not work in every situation. One needs to know how to select and apply them. Coded in shortcut titles, some patterns are: know when to shut up; engagement is a means, not an end; no negative publicity first; everything you say is on the record; people follow leaders, not communication; and how to measure silence. This paper “breaks the silence” on behalf of communicators and for the sake of learners.

Keywords: strategic silence, engagement as means, choreography of public attention, off-the-record communication, measuring silence.
Reconstructing the evolution of ice sheets, sea level, and atmospheric CO2 during the past 3.6 million years
Authors: Berends Constantijn J. , de Boer Bas , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Understanding the evolution of, and the interactions between, ice sheets and
the global climate over geological timescales is important for being able to
project their future evolution. However, direct observational evidence of past
CO2 concentrations, and the implied radiative forcing, only exists
for the past 800 000 years. Records of benthic δ18O date back
millions of years but contain signals from both land ice volume and ocean
temperature. In recent years, inverse forward modelling has been developed as
a method to disentangle these two signals, resulting in mutually consistent
reconstructions of ice volume, temperature, and CO2. We use this
approach to force a hybrid ice-sheet–climate model with a benthic
δ18O stack, reconstructing the evolution of the ice sheets, global
mean sea level, and atmospheric CO2 during the late Pliocene and the
Pleistocene, from 3.6 million years (Myr) ago to the present day. During the
warmer-than-present climates of the late Pliocene, reconstructed CO2
varies widely, from 320–440 ppmv for warm periods to
235–250 ppmv for the early glacial excursion ∼3.3 million years
ago. Sea level is relatively stable during this period, with maxima of
6–14 m and minima of 12–26 m during glacial episodes. Both
CO2 and sea level are within the wide ranges of values covered by
available proxy data for this period. Our results for the Pleistocene agree
well with the ice-core CO2 record, as well as with different
available sea-level proxy data. For the Early Pleistocene,
2.6–1.2 Myr ago, we simulate 40 kyr glacial cycles, with
interglacial CO2 decreasing from 280–300 ppmv at the
beginning of the Pleistocene to 250–280 ppmv just before the
Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Peak glacial CO2 decreases from
220–250 to 205–225 ppmv during this period. After the MPT, when the
glacial cycles change from 40 to 80 120 kyr cyclicity, the
glacial–interglacial contrast increases, with interglacial CO2
varying between 250–320 ppmv and peak glacial values decreasing to
170–210 ppmv.
CLIGEN Parameter Regionalization for Mainland China
Authors: Wang Wenting , Yin Shuiqing , Yu Bofu , Wang Shaodong
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Stochastic weather generator CLIGEN can simulate long-term weather sequences as input to WEPP for erosion predictions. Its use, however, has been somewhat restricted by limited observations at high spatial-temporal resolutions. Long-term daily temperature, daily and hourly precipitation data from 2405 stations and daily solar radiation from 130 stations distributed across mainland China were collected to develop the most critical set of site-specific parameter values for CLIGEN. Universal Kriging (UK) with auxiliary covariables, longitude, latitude, elevation, and the mean annual rainfall was used to interpolate parameter values into a 10 km × 10 km grid and parameter accuracy was evaluated based on leave-one-out cross-validation. The results demonstrated that Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NSEs) between UK interpolated and observed parameters were greater than 0.85 for all parameters apart from the standard deviation of solar radiation, skewness coefficient of daily precipitation, and cumulative distribution of relative time to peak intensity, with relatively lower interpolation accuracy (NSE > 0.66). In addition, CLIGEN simulated daily weather sequences using UK-interpolated and observed inputs showed consistent statistics and frequency distributions. The mean absolute discrepancy between the two sequences in the average and standard deviation of the temperature was less than 0.51 °C. The mean absolute relative discrepancy for the same statistics for solar radiation, precipitation amount, duration and maximum intensity in 30-min were less than 5 %. CLIGEN parameters at the 10 km resolution would meet the minimum WEPP climate requirements throughout in mainland China. The dataset is availability at http://clicia.bnu.edu.cn/data/cligen.html and http://doi.org/10.12275/bnu.clicia.CLIGEN.CN.gridinput.001 (Wang et al., 2020).
A database of net zooplankton of the Far East seas and adjacent Pacific Ocean waters
Authors: Volvenko Igor V.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This article describes the unique database of zooplankton collected by the large Juday net in 1984–2013 in the Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japan seas and the North Pacific Ocean: the sources and extent of the information contained therein, its benefits and drawbacks, the first operating experience and prospects. The information in this database has already been used to quantify the inventory of marine biological resources and appraise the waters of the North Pacific. In particular, in 2016, five tabular reference books were created and printed containing the species composition, occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in the surveyed area. The data is aggregated by species, developmental stages, size fractions, regions, vertical layers of water, light and dark time of day, four seasons of the year and perennial periods. This information has recently been verified, corrected, translated into English and from text to digital format to increase its availability to the scientific community worldwide (Volvenko, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448646). The substantial volume and high quality of the collated data, along with the information presented in reference books and previously published data on macrofauna and the nutrition of common fish and squid, will enable the next important steps to be taken to understand the Far Eastern seas and the Pacific – one of the most productive and economically important regions of the world ocean. The scope of application of this data is fundamental to the management of marine resources, aquaculture development, nature conservation, and assessment of the damage of various anthropogenic factors on nature.
Perspectives on future sea ice and navigability in the Arctic
Authors: Chen Jinlei , Kang Shichang , Du Wentao , Guo Junming , Xu Min , Zhong Xinyue , Zhang Wei , Chen Jizu
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The retreat of sea ice is very significant in the Arctic under global warming. It is projected to continue and have great impacts on navigation. In this investigation, decadal changes in sea ice parameters were evaluated by multimodel from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, and Arctic navigability was assessed under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and two vessel classes within the Arctic transportation accessibility model. The sea ice extent is expected to decrease along the SSP5-8.5 scenario with a high possibility under current emissions and climate change. The decadal decreasing rate will increase in March but decrease in September until 2060 when the oldest ice completely disappears and sea ice changes reach an irreversible tipping point. The sea ice thickness will decrease and transit in parts of the Arctic and will decline overall by −0.22 m per decade after September 2060. Both the sea ice concentration and volume will thoroughly decline with decreasing decadal rates, while the decrease in volume will be higher in March than in September. Open water ships will be able to cross the Northeast Passage and Northwest Passage in August–October 2045–2055, with a maximum navigable area in September. The opportunistic crossing time for polar class 6 (PC6) ships will advance to October–December in 2021–2030, while the maximum navigable area will be seen in October. In addition, the Central Passage will also open for PC6 ships during September–October in 2021–2030.
Archiving affect and activism: Hashtag feminism and structures of feeling in Women's March tweets
Authors: McDuffie Kristi , Ames Melissa
Published: February 2021

On 21 January 2017, over three million women participated in the Women’s March throughout the U.S., one day after President Donald Trump’s inauguration. This article investigates the digital component of this historic protest as a powerful moment of hashtag feminism, one that exemplifies the vital role of affect in contributing to social change. Through qualitative analysis of 2,600 #WhyIMarch tweets from the day of the March, we identify the rhetorical strategies that best leverage affect to further the social justice goals of the March — dedications, personal narratives, the use of first-person, and the use of humor — and describe the affective outcomes of these strategies, including motivational affect, vicarious affect, and collective affect. Using Raymond Williams’ concept of “structures of feeling,” we argue that these rhetorical strategies and their affective outcomes create a digital archive of affect that captures the cultural climate surrounding the Women’s March and mediates the way this cultural moment is affectively remembered. This study reveals that affect is vital for effective hashtag feminism
The great jump cut (r)evolution: A case for studying the evolution of vlogging production techniques
Authors: McMullan John
Published: February 2021

Traditionally, the term ‘jump cut’ has described film or video edits that jump forward in time and detract from a sense of continuity. In the early days of online video platforms, such as YouTube, video bloggers employed jump cuts while editing their direct-address monologues to allow them to string together the best parts of the performance. It could even be said now that jump cutting a monologue is one of the inherent conventions of vlogging. This paper argues that vlogging culture has not only adopted the jump cut as core to its productions, but also adapted and evolved it for specific vlog use. The vlogging space is rich in moving image innovation and instances of this, such as the vlogging jump cut, need to be identified, analysed, and discussed — just as occurred for cinema and television during their past periods of emergence.
Gavin McInnes’s hate machine
Authors: Tynes Robert
Published: February 2021

At first, the Proud Boys were a seemingly innocuous white boys club that sprouted from the banter and riffs of online talk show host, Gavin McInnes. But the far right group grew into a nation-wide white supremacist organization. The group came about, thanks to McInnes and his The Gavin McInnes Show (TGMS). The Proud Boys and Gavin McInnes are a prime case study of the problem of free speech and the Internet. Here we see hate speech hiding behind the protective cloak of free speech. The conundrum becomes: How do we deal with fascist politics in the democratic space of the internet? The study conducts a frame analysis of over 32 hours of TGMS, utilizing Stanley’s (2018) rubric of fascist politics. By analyzing McInnes’s online discourse — his hate machine — we obtain a deeper understanding of how fascist politics gently slides into the mainstream and becomes a threat to peaceful political action.
Counter-fun, scholarly legitimacy, and environmental engagement – or why academics should code games
Authors: Khan Marina , Magee Liam , Pollio Andrea , Salazar Juan Francisco
Published: February 2021

Acknowledged as urgent and complex, the communication of environmental science is at once an outcome and a subject of academic research. In this article, we detail the results of workshops with young residents of five “Antarctic gateway cities” (Hobart, Christchurch, Punta Arenas, Ushuaia, and Cape Town) who helped design and evaluate an online game that sought to communicate complex intersections of climate policy and science. We focus here on secondary effects of the workshops and game. On the one hand, outputs such as digital games respond to renewed desires for and from researchers to reach beyond scholarly sanctuaries and engage with real-world issues and communities in ways that question barriers of expertise and institutional entitlement. On the other, such dissolutions expose gaps in competency that can unnerve both researchers and participants, interrogating the expediency of collaborative game design and evaluation, and posing questions about the broader role and scope of “non-traditional” research outputs. Elaborating on Pérez Latorre’s notion of “counter-fun”, we chart our efforts to engage youth audiences in Antarctic cities through workshops, social media and anonymous statistics derived from gameplay. We conclude that game design and evaluation, as methods that bind and orient researchers and participants toward common objects of interest, can yield surprising channels of speculation and dialogue that align neither with conventional research nor the planned engagement of non-traditional outputs.
The Effect of Ultrasound Guided Superficial Cervical Plexus Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ateş İrem , Çelik Erkan Cem , DEmir Ufuk , Aydın Muhammed Enes , Ahiskalıoğlu Ali
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery is a procedure that can cause moderate pain in the postoperative period. Superficial cervical block (SCB) is a regional anesthesia technique that can provide analgesia during and after surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided SCB block on pain scores and postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing ACDF surgery. METHODS: 48 patients planned to undergo single or two levels of ACDF surgery were randomly divided into two groups, SCB and Control (C). Ultrasonography (USG) guided SCB was performed in the SCB group (n=24) with 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine. No attempt was made to the control group (n=24) before the operation. Intravenous 50 mg dexketoprofen was administered to both groups half an hour before the end of the operation and at the 12th hour postoperatively. Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing fentanyl was initiated. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, opioid consumption, need for rescue analgesia and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data, anesthesia and surgery times. Compared to the control group, VAS scores were statistically low at all measurement times in the SCB group (p <0.05). The 24-hour total opioid consumption was statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the SCB group (375.83±235.96 µg vs. 112.50±102.41 µg, respectively p<0.001). The need of rescue analgesia was statistically higher in the control group than the SCB group (12/24 vs. 0/24, respectively, p <0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We believe that USG-guided SCB can be an effective component of the multimodal analgesia protocol by reducing opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing ACDF surgery.
O fluxo midiático dos animês e seus modelos de distribuição e consumo no Brasil
Authors: Urbano Krystal , Araujo Mayara
Published: February 2021

A emergência de serviços licenciados de streaming - como a Netflix e o Crunchyroll - contribuíram para a diversificação nas formas de distribuição e consumo dos animês no Brasil. Esse movimento acarreta profundas transformações no ecossistema midiático desse produto cultural. Partindo desse contexto, analisamos as possibilidades que surgem em virtude da popularização dessas plataformas, em diálogo com os modos tradicionais já consolidados - via mediação televisiva e via mediação dos fãs - no país. Para tanto, defendemos que os modelos são passíveis de coexistência, visto que seus modus operandi são estruturalmente diferentes. Concluímos que é preciso se afastar da lógica do “midiacídio” (CASTELLANO & MEIMARIDIS, 2016), uma vez que os modelos de distribuição de animês coexistem em um sistema constante de retroalimentação.
Cultural Intimacy at the Conflicted Borderlines of Nation, Ethnicity, and Class in Israel: Jowan Safadi’s Music Video “To Be an Arab”
Authors: Belkind Nili
Published: February 2021

In “To Be an Arab,” his first Hebrew video clip, Jowan Safadi, a Palestinian citizen of Israel, addresses the populist politics and hate discourses circulating in the public sphere during and after Israel’s 2014 war with Gaza. A close reading of the video and its reception aims to (1) unpack how cultural intimacy and ethnonational violence are intertwined in Israel-Palestine; (2) underscore the creative, emotive, interventive, and potentially subversive role that expressive culture and performance bring to this context; and (3) show how local heterogeneities (classed, ethnicized, gendered) and complex regional affiliations complicate what is commonly read in terms of a Arab/Palestinian-Jewish/Israeli binary.

ملخص: یتحدث جوان صفدي، وھو فلسطیني یحمل الجنسیة الإسرائیلیة، في فیدیو أغنیتھ الأولى باللغة عن السیاسات الشعبویة وخطابات الكراھیة المنتشرة في الحیّز العام الإسرائیلي ،« أن تكون عربیا » العبریة خلال وما بعد حرب إسرائیل على غزة في العام ۲۰۱٤ . تھدف قراءة قریبة للفیدیو وردود الفعل التي أثارھا إلى: أ) الكشف عن تشابك الحمیمیة الثقافیة مع العنف العرقي القومي في إسرائیل-فلسطین. ب) التأكید على الدور الإبداعي والعاطفي والتدخلي الذي من المحتمل یكون متمردا، الذي تجلبھ الثقافة التعبیریة والأداء إلى ھذا السیاق. ج) إظھار التعقید الذي تسببھ التباینات المحلیة (الطبقیة، العرقیة والجندریة) والانتماءات الإقلیمیة المعقدة لما یُقرأ عادة في سیاق الازدواجیة الفلسطینیة/العربیة والیھودیة/الإسرائیلیة.
Female Street Singers of Java: Musical Style and Life Circumstances
Authors: Walton Susan Pratt
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the talèdhèk, Javanese female street singer-dancers of the gamelan tradition, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their life circumstances were very different from those of the later gamelan singers, the pesindhèn. So were their vocal styles. It is likely that these are connected. Several Javanese gamelan experts described characteristics of the talèdhèk’s vocal style and compared it with the very different style of the pesindhèn. Statistical analyses of recordings corroborate their observations. To understand the lives of the talèdhèk, I gathered life histories of talèdhèk and consulted relevant ethnographic and historical literature. I posit that the talèdhèk’s musical style was a product, in large part, of their life circumstances.

Artikel ini tentang gaya vokal talèdhèk, penyanyi/penari Jawa di jalanan dan tayuban (pesta dansa) dalam tradisi gamelan pada abad ke-19 sampai abad ke-20 sebelum Perang Dunia II. Gaya vokalnya dilaporkan berbeda secara signifikan dari gaya vokal perempuan dalam tradisi gamelan dewasa ini, yang disebut sebagai pesindhèn. Apakah situasi kehidupan talèdhèk pada masa lalu dapat membantu menjelaskan mengapa gaya vokal mereka berkembang seperti itu? Guru-guru gamelan saya mengidentifikasi adanya beberapa ciri melodi kunci gaya talédhèk sebelum Perang Dunia II dan membandingkannya dengan gaya pesindhèn yang sangat berbeda. Saya mengadakan analisis statistik dari banyak rekaman talèdhèk dan pesindhèn. Analisis itu menguatkan pernyataan ahli gamelan yang tersebut. Untuk memahami kehidupan talèdhèk, saya mengumpulkan sejarah hidup para suarawati yang telah menjadi talèdhèk pada tahun-tahun sebelum perang dan merujuk pada literatur etnografi dan sejarah yang relevan. Saya berpendapat bahwa gaya vokal talèdhèk memang merupakan produk, sebagian besar, dari keadaan hidup dan situasi kinerja mereka. Saya akan mempertunjukkan bagaimana ciri-ciri karakteristik dari gaya vokal mereka secara unik dirajut seiring dengan situasi kehidupan mereka saat itu.
Da solidão à capacidade de estar só na presença de alguém: percursos clínicos a partir da perspectiva de Winnicott
Authors: Pinheiro Nadja Nara Barbosa , Maia Maria Vitoria Campos Mamede
Published: February 2021

Objetivando tematizar a importante passagem no desenvolvimento emocional, proposta por Winnicott, da solidão à capacidade de estar sozinho (na presença de alguém), o artigo inicia apresentando, sucintamente, a perspectiva teórica do autor sobre a questão. Em seguida, descreve dois percursos clínicos nos quais a condução do trabalho terapêutico permitiu a abertura de possibilidades de vivências construtivas à solidão original, trazida ao setting, pelas pacientes, como fundamento do desespero e da angústia.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 17, No. 2
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: February 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 17, No. 2 2021.
Thinking Path Schema of English Translation for Chinese Classics: An Empirical Study on Translation Schema in Translation Courses
Authors: Peng Xiaojuan
Published: February 2021

In view of the complicated translation cognitive process, the study investigated and compared students’ translation process of Chinese Classics through translation thinking path schema. Seventy-six participants learning translation courses based on parallel level in two classes of one Chinese university, some of them trained for four months intentionally, were involved into some translation experiments with selected ancient Chinese classic poems. By the form of discussions, cooperation, or individual written translation, data were gathered from manuscripts, answer sheets, video recordings, think-aloud questionnaires, reflection papers, and interviews, which were integrated and categorized into the process classification evaluation tables in qualitative and quantitative analysis for the empirical study. Through some visible comparing and contrasted data elucidation, results indicated the obvious advantages of making use of the thinking path schema in Chinese Classics translation among trained students, who have presented more diversified translation thinking courses and superior evaluation scores in general. What’s more, author could be regarded as an element considered into the angle of translator, but not an independent angle as other non-Chinese-classic-text translation process, amending the former thinking path schema. Furthermore, the conclusions and amendments after translation experiments could be considered into the dynamic translation process for Chinese classics.
El Movimiento Animalista en Costa Rica y la lucha por la ley para penalizar el maltrato animal: oportunidades y representaciones simbólicas
Authors: Vega Rojas Luis Diego
Published: February 2021

Entre 2015 y 2017 Costa Rica vivió un ciclo de movilizaciones en favor de causas animalistas, la mayoría tenía por intención presionar para aprobar una ley que penalizara el maltrato hacia los animales con énfasis en las mascotas. En este texto se busca generar un análisis del Movimiento Animalista en Costa Rica centrado en la coyuntura de la lucha por la ley para penalizar el maltrato animal, dado que no existen investigaciones previas al respecto. El artículo se divide en siete acápites: la introducción, una recopilación histórica, tres secciones dedicadas a las teorías abordadas -teoría de nuevos movimientos sociales, estudios de fronteras simbólicas y teorías de performatividad-, luego se presenta el análisis y se finaliza con las conclusiones. Se parte de un estudio de caso con base en la revisión documental de libros y artículos académicos, que se ha complementado con entrevistas semiabiertas a activistas que han ocupado posiciones de liderazgo. Fueron identificadas las principales oportunidades que le permitieron a los liderazgos bienestaristas llevar la lucha por la ley contra el maltrato animal hasta su aprobación efectiva. Se identificaron sus motivaciones y las representaciones simbólicas que hicieron de estas, al tiempo que se hizo un esbozo inicial de los mismos elementos por parte de los sectores abolicionistas. La constitución del Movimiento Animalista giró en torno a la lucha por la obtención de la ley para penalizar el maltrato hacia los animales, lo cual refleja una predilección por la vía institucional. Los grupos abolicionistas son los que pueden reactivar el Movimiento luego de la aprobación de la ley, y las organizaciones bienestaristas han de ofrecerles su guía sin actitudes paternalistas, a la vez que deberán presionar al Estado para hacer cumplir la Ley N°9458 en medio de un ambiente político marcado por la austeridad fiscal.
Análisis del delito de maltrato animal (art. 337 CP)
Authors: Boiso Cuenca Miguel
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad el delito de maltrato animal tipificado en el artículo 337 del Código Penal, analizando todos sus elementos que componen tanto el tipo básico como al agravado, cualificado y atenuado, todo ello desde una posición crítica y analítica. Para ello, se han tenido en cuenta y se han observado las diferentes posiciones doctrinales, la (muchas veces polémica y poco consolidada) jurisprudencia y la normativa europea y estatal. Tras el estudio de estos elementos se ha determinado que dada la redacción actual del delito se plantean bastantes y diferentes cuestiones interpretativas a resolver, las cuales son puestas de manifiesto y resueltas a lo largo de todo este trabajo.
Comentario jurídico de la Ley 7/2020, de 31 de agosto, de Bienestar, Protección y Defensa de los Animales de Castilla-La Mancha. [2020/6154] - Diario Oficial de Castilla La-Mancha de 07-09-2020
Authors: Gisie Laure
Published: February 2021

En Castilla-La Mancha hay muchos hogares con animales. Entre ellos, el perro es particularmente apreciado por su compañía, pero también puede serlo por sus increíbles cualidades de cazador o guardián, por nombrar solo algunas habilidades caninas. Una ley reciente de agosto de 2020 viene a regular el bienestar y la protección de los animales en la región. Los perros podrán disfrutar de medidas inéditas teniendo en cuenta nuevas obligaciones y prohibiciones aplicables a los dueños, pero también podrán experimentar con nuevos aliados como el Consejo Asesor de Bienestar y de Protección Animal.
Sądowa wykładnia prawa w zakresie zwolnień wyrobów energetycznych i energii elektrycznej z podatku akcyzowego
Authors: Tchórzewski Mateusz
Published: February 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest wybranym zagadnieniom dotyczącym wykładni przepisów prawa podatkowego dokonywanej przez polskie sądy administracyjne w zakresie zwolnień wyrobów energetycznych i energii elektrycznej z podatku akcyzowego. Autor skupia się w szczególności na kwestii roli wykładni językowej, ścisłej interpretacji przepisów wprowadzających zwolnienia podatkowe oraz zakresie stosowania pozajęzykowych metod wykładni (zwłaszcza wykładni celowościowej).
A Heart-Centered Stance: Receptivity to Algebra Teachers’ and Students’ Multidimensional Experiences
Authors: Fonger Nicole
Published: February 2021

The algebra classroom in urban public high schools in the United States is a complex space, ripe with many challenges and opportunities. In this paper I introduce the notion of a heart-centered stance for the teacher and the educator, and a method of engaging in creative expression for reflection and introspection toward individual change in the rich context of the high school algebra classroom. My evolving relationships with two high school algebra teachers, observations of their classrooms, as well as my own self-study and professional growth, are incorporated into this paper as I introduce and exemplify two tenets of a heart-centered stance: multidimensionality of experience and receptivity to relatedness. This study suggests the possibility of using creative artistic expression and a self-study approach to support the transformation of educators’ perspectives toward research, creative activities, and outreach that are receptive to the mathematical experiences of teachers and students in our local communities.
Teaching From the Unknown
Authors: Jacobsen Jon
Published: February 2021

The goal of teaching is to transform our students' understanding, much as the goal of acting is to transform the audience's reality. In this article we use the context of mathematics to explore connections between teaching and acting and how such connections can help our students learn not only mathematics, but about the nature of mathematics.
How I First Heard About Calculus
Authors: Lucier Bradley
Published: February 2021

An attempt to motivate a class of engineering students leads to insights both personal and pedagogical.
Aligning Political Options and Aggregated Personal Opinions on the Issues
Authors: Green Kris
Published: February 2021

Much work has been done in studying how to aggregate voter opinions to decide a fair election. These models presuppose that each voter has a solid understanding of their choices and can express that opinion in the election process. We discuss why this is not always the case. Further, we explore some of the issues that arise when considering the multidimensional nature of both voter preference, with respect to the slate of issues in an election, and the platforms of the various candidates, with respect to the same slate of issues. In light of the complications we encounter and with full apologies to Jonathan Swift, a modest proposal is made for conducting future elections in a way that offers all of the voters a true chance to find a voice.
“You Will Remain Unwavering in Your Determination to Succeed No Matter How Long It Takes”: A Mathematico-Emotional Analysis of A Guide to Higher Learning
Authors: Clark Kathleen , Rubis Oksana
Published: February 2021

In this article we present an analysis of the multi-fold artist’s book, A Guide to Higher Learning (Chen, 2009). In our analysis, we propose different perspectives from which to view the mathematical and philosophical aspects found within the book. We explore aspects of “higher learning” by analyzing the complex mathematical equations and textual elements that readers meet in the book. Chen challenges the reader with: “This is a test. You will not be given any assistance or instructions on how to proceed. You will not be told when to begin or when to stop” (Chen, 2009). Thus, in our exploration of the book, we consider Chen's challenge from the perspectives of the “person on the street” and the “mathematician in the academy.” By doing so, we formulate answers to philosophical questions regarding the process of doing mathematics and the role emotions play in this process (which we call the mathematico-emotional journey). Through this analysis, and the establishment of the distinct perspectives, we were able to identify diverging purposes that A Guide to Higher Learning serves, depending upon the perspective the reader chooses.
Once Upon A Party - An Anecdotal Investigation
Authors: Fafat Vijay
Published: February 2021

Mathematicians and Physicists attending let-your-hair-down parties behave exactly like their own theories. They live by their theorems, they jive by their theorems. Life imitates their craft, and we must simply observe the deep truths hiding in their party-going behavior...
Validação de Políticas para o Estabelecimento Dinâmico de Checkpoints no Apache Spark
Authors: Cardoso Paulo Vinicus , Fazul Rhauani Weber Aita , Barcelos Patrícia Pitthan
Published: February 2021

O Apache Spark é uma plataforma voltada ao processamento distribuído de dados em memória. Para uma persistência confiável e tolerante a falhas, o Spark usa a técnica de checkpoint. O estabelecimento de checkpoints, entretanto, precisa ser realizado manualmente através do código-fonte, o que dificulta uma configuração eficiente. Esse trabalho apresenta e valida uma arquitetura de configuração dinâmica para checkpoints no Spark. A arquitetura proposta inicia procedimentos de checkpoint automaticamente, com base em políticas de monitoramento que observam o sistema e suas aplicações. Os experimentos demostram que o uso de políticas dinâmicas adequadas é capaz de aumentar a confiabilidade do Spark sem comprometer seu desempenho.
Desempenho e Escalabilidade de Plataformas Livres de IoT
Authors: Silva Dener Ottolini , Zyrianoff Ivan Dimitry , Heideker Alexandre , Kleinschmidt João Henrique , Kamienski Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2021

Plataformas de IoT gerenciam sensores, atuadores e dados distribuídos, conectando dispositivos heterogêneos com aplicações que agregam valor aos dados coletados. Embora existam diversas plataformas de IoT, muitas são complexas, pouco versáteis e caras, carecendo ainda de informações sobre o seu desempenho e escalabilidade, prejudicando uma comparação direta entre elas. Este artigo avalia e compara três plataformas de IoT de código aberto - FIWARE, Konker e ThingsBoard - através de métricas quantitativas com o objetivo de compreender seu funcionamento, escalabilidade, confiabilidade e recursos de hardware necessários para sua operação em cenários de cidades e saúde. Os resultados mostram que maior poder computacional afeta diretamente a escalabilidade de cada plataforma, mas não interfere diretamente no tempo de processamento de cada mensagem. Os resultados mostram ainda que, embora as plataformas avaliadas tenham estruturas e propostas semelhantes, seus desempenhos são muito distintos, mostrando que cada plataforma é adequada para uma solução diferente.
Resiliência de Dados entre a Névoa e a Nuvem na Internet das Coisas
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Franklin Magalhães , Kamienski Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2021

A computação em névoa permite processar e analisar os dados recebidos de sensores com maior agilidade na borda de uma rede IoT. Contudo, a nuvem ainda é necessária para centralizar e analisar dados históricos, já que a névoa possui recursos limitados. Nesse cenário, desconexões de rede entre a névoa e a nuvem podem gerar perdas de dados, comprometendo análises futuras. Esse artigo propõe e avalia técnicas para manter a resiliência dos dados entre névoa e nuvem em situações de desconexão. Foram avaliados o Apache Kafka, o Apache NiFi e uma solução proposta, intitulada FIRST, numa carga simulada de 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 sensores. Foi observado que o FIRST e o Kafka apresentaram a menor latência, enquanto que FIRST manteve menor uso de CPU e RAM.
Uma estratégia de proteção eficiente em EONs-SDM utilizando p-cycle FIPP
Authors: Oliveira Helder May Nunes da Silva , Fonseca Nelson Luis Saldanha da
Published: February 2021

O fluxo contínuo de aplicações e serviços digitais emergentes tem impulsionado um enorme crescimento de tráfego no núcleo da Internet e consequentemente o estudo de tecnologias para aumentar a capacidade dessas redes. A multiplexação por divisão espacial é uma solução promissora para lidar com o esgotamento esperado da capacidade dessas redes. Adicionalmente, a enorme quantidade de tráfego nestas redes acarreta na necessidade de proteção contra falhas, uma vez que essas são relativamente frequentes. Neste artigo, propõe-se um algoritmo de roteamento e proteção em redes ópticas elásticas com multiplexação espacial, utilizando p-cycle FIPP, interferência mínima e roteamento multicaminho. Os resultados indicam que o algoritmo proposto produz um melhor desempenho quando comparado ao desempenho dos algoritmos existentes na literatura.
Alocação de Recursos para Redes Virtuais com Seleção de Método de Resolução via Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Araújo Samuel Moreira Abreu , Souza Fernanda Sumika Hojo de , Mateus Geraldo Robson
Published: February 2021

A alocação de recursos é um problema NP-difícil, presente no Mapeamento de Redes Virtuais (VNE) e na Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV). Nesse contexto, um ponto pouco explorado na literatura é relacionado a quando se deve aplicar um método de resolução heurístico ou exato. Tanto para o VNE, quanto para o NFV, normalmente a literatura indica um tratamento heurístico devido à complexidade do problema e à elevada dimensão dos dados. Entretanto, em experimentos preliminares, percebe-se que em alguns momentos um tratamento exato pode ser aplicado em um tempo praticável. Foi notado que esses eventos não se tratam de casualidades, mas decorrem de várias condições relacionadas ao Substrato de Rede (SN) residual e às demandas de rede requisitadas. A abordagem proposta neste artigo é baseada na aplicação de técnicas de Aprendizado de Máquina (AM) para alocação de recursos em rede, e tem como objetivo prever em quais situações se pode preterir uma abordagem heurística em prol de uma exata. Para tal, foi adotado o VNE e duas abordagens da literatura. As simulações realizadas mostram que o tratamento com AM melhora a taxa de aceitação e a receita de mapeamento em relação à heurística, e reduz o tempo de processamento em relação à abordagem exata.
Scalable and Decoupled Logging for State Machine Replication
Authors: Xavier Luiz Gustavo Coutinho , Dotti Fernando Luís , Meinhardt Cristina , Mendizabal Odorico Machado
Published: February 2021

State Machine Replication (SMR) is a widely used approach for fault tolerance of important services. Support for SMR implementations on shared infrastructures has emerged, allowing wider adoption. However, there are still non-trivial aspects that developers have to handle to build and deploy their dependable services. In this paper, we tackle the need for recovery to keep fault-tolerance levels, and propose an approach to: (i) simplify the development of logging; (ii) improve resource sharing in shared infrastructures; (iii) alleviate costs with replication in pay-per-use infrastructures. The central idea is to decouple service execution from logging and offer logging functionality as a service attachable to SMR deployments. Beyond the added simplicity to deploy an SMR, we show that this approach does not penalize performance of replicated services, and that a logging service can scale to look to several applications.
Exploiting SLAs through Application of Economic Analysis on Datacenters’ Autonomic Management
Authors: Falcão Eduardo Lucena , Cavalcante Lucas Medeiros , Falcão Rafael Vieira , Nunes José Benardi Souza , Oliveira Kaio Kassiano Moura , Brito Andrey Monteiro
Published: February 2021

Optimizing resource distribution in datacenters can achieve several economic benefits, including increasing energy efficiency, better workload performance, and higher levels of job acceptance. Although some studies propose strategies that increase resource utilization whilst meeting a certain QoS, there is a perspective yet to be exploited: the Service Level Agreements (SLA) amortization. We believe that keeping service levels far above the minimum agreed is a missed opportunity to apply more aggressive strategies to reduce allocated resource fragmentation and increase even further the benefits mentioned above. In this work, we propose a novel server rebalancing strategy based on economic systems, able to capitalize from the SLAs by keeping the harmony between the aggressive competition of Free Markets and the safe control of Regulated Markets. The proposed strategy is evaluated with a modified version of CloudSim Plus simulator. The outcomes show that the SLA exploitation strategy led to an economy of 8.6% up to 23% for different mechanism configuration.
Seleção de Características por Clusterização para Melhorar a Detecção de Ataques de Rede
Authors: De Abreu Diego Medeiros , Carvalho Igor Furtado , Abelém Antônio  Jorge Gomes , Menasché Daniel Sadoc , Leão Rosa Maria Meri , Silva Edmundo Souza
Published: February 2021

Sistemas de Detecção de Intrusão (IDSs) baseados em aprendizado de máquina (AM) vêm sendo amplamente utilizados para detectar tráfego malicioso e ataques às redes. Entretanto, essas abordagens ainda apresentam grandes dificuldades para detectar os diferentes tipos de ataques que vêm se aprimorando. Neste contexto, dentre os passos requeridos para uma avaliação baseada em AM, a seleção de características tem grande importância para propiciar maior eficiência na detecção de anomalias e ataques de rede, sendo ainda um problema em aberto. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem que realiza a seleção de características baseada em clusters para melhorar a detecção de ataques e tráfegos anômalos na rede. A proposta cria também um ranque com as características de tráfego que mais contribuíram para o incremento nos acertos dos algoritmos. Os resultados mostraram um desempenho superior às demais propostas avaliadas para cinco diferentes tipos de ataques, considerando a métrica F1 score.
BotFetcher: Um Método Híbrido de Detecção de Botnets
Authors: Rahal Bruno Martins , Moussa Alissar Ali , Lima Michele Nogueira
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho apresenta BotFetcher, um método híbrido para detecção de botnets que considera técnicas de agrupamento e processamento de sinais em grafos. Botnets representam uma ameaça a redes de computadores, pois podem interromper seus serviços na Internet através da coordenação entre uma quantidade massiva de dispositivos infectados (bots), com prejuízos globais estimados em US$ 5,8 bilhões em 2019. BotFetcher contribui para a detecção em escala de botnets, principalmente aquelas formadas por dispositivos da IoT infectados, como as botnets Mirai, Hydra e LuaBot. A detecção dessas botnets é desafiadora devido à quantidade massiva de dados e às limitações de processamento e memória. Assim, BotFetcher agrupa os dispositivos de rede com base em características extraídas do tráfego e realiza a detecção por grupo a partir de indícios de causalidade entre os dispositivos. A avaliação do método teve como entrada a base de dados CTU-13 da Universidade da República Tcheca. BotFetcher detectou o bot no cenário 5 da base CTU-13, com 55 falsos-positivos e nenhum falso-negativo, entre os 39738 nós avaliados.
Alocação de Recursos na Nuvem de Dispositivos
Authors: Xavier Tiago Cariolano de Souza , Delicato Flávia Coimbra , Pires Paulo De Figueiredo , Macedo Evandro Luiz Cardoso , Santos Igor Leão , Amorim Claudio Luis
Published: February 2021

Em uma Nuvem de Dispositivos ou Nuvem das Coisas, os recursos disponíveis na Nuvem nem sempre são capazes de atender às restrições de latência de aplicações críticas devido à grande distância entre a Nuvem e os dispositivos que originam os dados. A adoção de computação na Borda pode auxiliar a Nuvem a fornecer serviços que atendam a tais requisitos temporais. Contudo, dois fatores afetam o desempenho no nível de Borda: a heterogeneidade das aplicações e a incerteza da taxa de chegada das requisições. Neste contexto, propomos dois mecanismos: o Gerenciador de Fila, que redistribui as requisições das filas dos Nós de Borda, permitindo reduzir o tempo de espera de uma requisição; e o Alocador de Recursos, que possibilita a colaboração entre os Nós de Borda por meio de encaminhamento de requisições.
Classificador baseado em Aprendizado Profundo para identificação de estratégias de alocação de espectro em Redes Ópticas Elásticas
Authors: Silva Guilherme Enéas Vaz , Costa Lucas Rodrigues , Drummond André Costa
Published: February 2021

As redes ópticas elásticas proporcionam uma flexibilidade e escalabilidade na alocação de espectro superior às tradicionais redes baseadas em multiplexação por divisão de comprimento de onda, sendo adequadas para suportar a crescente demanda do tráfego da internet. Atualmente, os algoritmos de roteamento e alocação de espectro dessas redes utilizam estratégias fixas. A tendência natural de evolução desses algoritmos é a utilização de estratégias adaptativas, de acordo com o comportamento da rede. Para isso, alguns passos são necessários. O primeiro deles é a criação de um classificador capaz de identificar as estratégias de alocação de espectro que estão sendo utilizadas, foco desse trabalho. O classificador baseado em aprendizado profundo obteve acurácia de 98%. Os resultados obtidos abrem caminho para uma nova classe de algoritmos para redes ópticas elásticas, nos quais a tomada de decisão pode ser feita adaptativamente.
Extração e Análise de Dados Como Suporte a Estratégias de Comunicação D2D Cientes do Humano
Authors: Costa Rafael Lima , Viana Aline Carneiro , Ziviani Artur , Sampaio Leobino Nascimento
Published: February 2021

Datasets Reais podem revelar características dos usuários como mobilidade, interações sociais e outras que darão suporte a Redes Móveis do Futuro na predição de rotinas e gerenciamento de recursos. Este trabalho apresenta um framework com práticas para manipulação e extração de dados de usuários e propõe métricas ciente do humano como suporte a uma nova estratégia de comunicação oportunística. A experiência é relatada através de um estudo de caso do MACACO~Dataset e resultados da análise do trace e das métricas, expondo a importância de fatores de decisão baseados em comportamento humano para soluções de rede do futuro.
Projeto Integrado de Controle de Pelotões baseado em Consenso e um Protocolo de Disseminação de Dados Confiável
Authors: Oliveira Renê Da Rosa , Montez Carlos Barros , Wangham Michelle Silva
Published: February 2021

A condução automatizada e coordenada de pelotões envolve teorias de controle, dinâmica dos veículos e comunicação veicular. Devido a uma constante interação entre a lógica de controle e a topologia de comunicação, uma abordagem de co-projeto para o controlador e o protocolo de comunicação torna-se necessária. Este artigo apresenta a AddP-CACC - uma solução para pelotões de veículos baseada no consenso, na qual a topologia é um parâmetro do projeto que pode ser explorado para reconfigurar o controlador, dependendo das características do cenário. A solução foi comparada a outras técnicas da literatura e os resultados obtidos comprovam sua robustez e capacidade em manter um pelotão veicular estável em diferentes topologias de comunicação.
ProTECting: An Application of Local Differential Privacy for IoT at the Edge in Smart Home Scenarios
Authors: Vidal Israel De Castro , Mendonça André Luís  da Costa , Rousseau Franck , Machado Javam De Castro
Published: February 2021

With the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Homes, there is an ever-growing amount of data coming from within people's houses. These data are valuable for analysis and to discover patterns in order to improve services and produce resources more efficiently, e.g., using smart meter data to generate energy with less waste. Despite their high value for analysis, these data are intrinsically private and should be treated carefully. IoT data are fundamentally infinite, and this property makes it even more challenging to apply conventional models to achieve privacy. In this work, we propose a differentially private strategy to estimate frequencies of values in the context of Smart Home data, considering the infinite property of the data and focusing on getting better utility than state of the art.