bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-based gene therapy for manipulating the neuroinflammatory cascade closely linked to neurodegeneration can help reduce disease development
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

RNA-based medicine, such as miRNA and aptamers-based biopharmaceuticals, is a relatively new therapeutic class with great promise to cure and prevent chronic and rare diseases. miRNAs are both a target and a therapeutic molecule in their early stages, and every shred of evidence supplied by RNA-based research has indicated future potential. AntagomiRs, sponges, and circular RNA are examples of miRNAs as mimetics or inhibitors. miRNAs may be found in blood plasma, serum, and CSF as intracellular and extracellular circulating RNA, making them useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in many NDDs. Currently, there are no treatments for these illnesses, mostly due to their late detection. Controlling the neuroinflammatory cascade closely connected to neurodegeneration can help prevent the progression of the condition. Since miRNAs may influence a single gene, as well as all cellular pathways and associated activities, restoring or enhancing their expression is one of the most challenging problems to employ as a therapeutic strategy. However, RNA aptamers act directly by interacting with cellular receptors when therapeutically appropriate oligonucleotides are given. As a diagnostic marker, it has a wide range of functions. Because it operates swiftly by interacting with the target, the aptamer creates substantial difficulty with site-specific targeted delivery. It is also an effective, targeted miRNA delivery agent. Aptamers are less costly to produce, non-immunogenic and thermostable compared to other RNA-based medicines. NDDs have long been difficult to detect and treat, and we still don't know all about them. In the near future, further RNA-based medications may be expected to achieve recognition in the diagnostic and therapeutic areas of NDD, with higher drug potency, decreased toxicity and immunogenicity compared to traditional medication.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS TERHADAP TEORI SALIB IOANES RAKHMAT
Authors: Randan Salti Neni , Pasolon Efriani Gebi , Te'dang Valentya , Palinoan Resiana , Tosuli Natalia , Pagonggang Heryo , Payung Mariani Rombe , Karru Joice Alfista
Published: June 2021

Ioanes Rakhmat adalah seorang teolog, di mana “semangatnya” adalah mengkaji ajaran-ajaran yang sudah mapan dalam teologia Kristen, sehingga pemikiran-pemikirannya cenderung mengakomodir konsep-konsep theologia pluralisme. Beliau adalah ahli Perjanjian Baru, khususnya mengenai Yesus Historis.Dari karya-karya Ioanes Rakhmat, tulisan ini hendak meninjau teori salib Ioanes Rakhmat yang menentang Soteriologi Salib. Hal ini dijabarkan penulis dengan banyak mengutip uraian tinjauan dari seorang pakar, Joas Adiprasetya, seorang tokoh yang berlatar belakang sama dengan Ioanes Rakhmat.Sebuah buku karangan Ioanes Rakhmat mengenai teori salib yang berjudul Membedah Soteriologi Salib mendapat respon tandingan dari Joas Adiprasetya dalam karyanya yang berjudul Berdamai Dengan Salib. Mereka adalah pendeta dari salah satu sinode gereja yang besar GKI (Gereja Kristen Indonesia), juga dosen dari sekolah teologi kenamaan, STT Jakarta (Ioanes Rakhmat sudah menjadi mantan dosen dan pernah menjadi dosen Joas Adiprasetya). Karya Ioanes Rakhmat terbit, karena ia tidak menyukai ajaran keselamatan yang berpusat pada kematian (penyaliban) Yesus, setelah ia menonton film The Passion of the Christ yang ditayangkan di televisi. Perasaan tidak suka tersebut kemudian mendorong Ioanes Rakhmat untuk menuliskan sebuah buku yang dapat menghancurkan atau setidaknya menggoyang ajaran mengenai keselamatan yang berpusatkan pada kematian (penyaliban) Yesus, yakni “soteriologi salib”. Sedangkan, Joas Adiprasetya dalam bukunya menjelaskan bahwa tujuan karyanya adalah untuk merespons tantangan Ioanes Rakhmat dan untuk memperlengkapi warga gereja supaya memahami kekayaan soteriologi salib itu.
Constructivism Against Racism: Causes of Verbal Harassment Behavior Towards Asian Citizens During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zaidan Muhammad Yusuf , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Verbal harassment has become a major scourge of racism against people of Asian descent around the world during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to the national Stop AAPI Hate data, verbal harassment is the most common type of racism among Asian citizens. This behavior takes various forms: scolding, insulting, berating, expelling, yelling, forcing, threatening, and accusing. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze why Non-Asians do not tolerate verbal harassment of people of Asian descent which tends to increase during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to provide information and solutions to the problem of xenophobia during the Covid-19 pandemic against non-Asians which led to acts of racism in the form of verbal harassment of citizens of Asian descent, as well as providing information about the history of racism against Asians, especially in the United States which has been going on for a long time. The method used in this study is a literature review technique from library sources for the last three years with the keywords verbal harassment, racism, and anti-Asian using a constructivism approach. The findings of the study is that the Covid-19 pandemic has built an understanding that non-Asian people have a higher rate than Asian descent who is accused of being the main source of the spread of the pandemic, resulting in inequality in society. simply because they are of a different race. The significance of this research focuses on the main causes of the emergence of a superior understanding of race as seen from the Constructivism approach. Where the bad view of the race of Asian descent is constructed through the influence of the surrounding environment which leads to acts of racism in the form of verbal harassment.
Nanomaterials combine multiple therapeutic approaches for cancer cell multidrug resistance, ferroptotic cell death is promising in various cancers
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Cancer cell multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the most significant barriers to chemotherapy patients' ability to treat malignant tumors.This review first discusses the basic processes of MDR and then details the newest usage of nanomaterials combining multiple therapeutic approaches (e.g. PDT, PTT, gas therapy, gene therapy, and CDT) with MDR chemotherapy. We also analyze the advantages and rationales of these combination systems and why they can reduce MDR cancer cells. Currently, together with various new treatment approaches, MDR-related chemotherapeutic research is gaining momentum in search of better therapeutic results. PDT, for example, has the ability to eliminate high-efficiency multidrug-resistant malignancies but has limited relevance to tumor treatment. In this perspective, SDT is a highly promising approach as it increases ROS production utilizing ultrasonic vibrations, allowing magnitude orders to reach deeper than light. PTT is also often criticized for NIR light's restricted penetration depth; thermomagnetic therapy, using magnetic fields to produce local tissue hyperthermia, can considerably alleviate this problem. However, current research on the possibilities of using these new technologies to fight MDR remains rather rare, and more combination strategies should be carefully investigated in the future. Moreover, ongoing discoveries of cell death pathways, highlighted by recent ferroptosis findings, present a new strategy for our battle against MDR and may revolutionize our knowledge of MDR formation. Ferroptotic cell death promises to treat MDR in various cancers. While most of this cutting-edge research is still in its infancy, we anticipate gaining a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of these revolutionary anti-MDR medicines in the near future.
Establishing Millennial Character Behaviors in Online Studies at The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Fanani Mochamad Zaenal
Published: June 2021

This covid pandemic has changed everything 180 degrees, especially in the world of education. Students who are accustomed to face-to-face learning are required to move in the process of learning methods. The learning method implemented during this pandemic uses online learning. This measure was taken to maintain the quality of education and to prevent the spread of Covid-19. With online meetings, there will be many changes in learning methods to align the essence of learning appropriately and effectively because when compared to previous learning methods, it is very different. This article will highlight various online learning methods to always build the behavior characteristics of the millennial generation for the better. The question that arises from this topic is what is the right method of managing character education in a pandemic situation like this? The research aims to identify what problems occur in online learning and provide effective methods for the learning process in Indonesia. The writing of this article uses the literature review method, a description of the theory, findings, and other research materials obtained from reference materials to be used as the basis for research activities to develop a clear frame of mind from the formulation of the problem to be studied. The data are from the latest research, namely from 2019 to 2021 published through Google Scholar, totaling 12 articles, and data were analyzed qualitatively using available theoretical frameworks. The results of this study show the behavioral process of the millennial generation in building character amid online learning, and to create optimal learning, distance-learning or online strategies are carried out using methods to maximize the optimal learning system. From the research, literature review methods proved to be effective to study this topic while Covid-19 is happening to keep safety measures, but it does not give many details and specific information well. This method is recommended for researchers who work from home without having to go to the field to find information and avoid exposure to COVID-19.
DIGITAL BASED TRANSFORMATION SUPPORT THE AACCELERATION OF MSME's DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kasim Indah Ayu Lestari
Published: June 2021

DIGITAL BASED TRANSFORMATION SUPPORT THE ACCELERATION OF MSME's DEVELOPMENT
BOOK REVIEW: ETHICAL THEORIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDONESIA (TEORI-TEORI ETIKA DAN SUMBANGANNYA BAGI INDONESIA)
Authors: Rohmawati Yulia , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

The book entitled Ethical Theories and Their Contributions to Indonesia, written by Johny Christian Ruhulessin, aimed to rethink ethical ideas from leading ethical figures, such as Stanley Hauerwas, Max L. Stackhouse, Charles McCoy, Ronald Thiemma, and Robert N. Bellah. The ethical ideas of these figures have become very popular in the social and political fields, especially in sciences and theology. However, there is an impression that ethical education refers to studying the Bible as the only standard of life. Of course, it is not wrong, but ethics cannot be understood only by standards and the law.
THE EFFECT OF THE FAILURE OF THE G30S PKI COMMUNISM ON POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aryani Arumna , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Many ideologies develop in the world, one of which is communism. The doctrine of communism is a reaction to a system of capitalism that is considered to lack social sensitivities. In Indonesia itself, this ideology had developed, but not long ago this ideology collapsed precisely after the events of the Movement of September 30, 1965, which is believed to be carried out by the Communist Party of Indonesia. This event led to a change in all fields and one of the affected areas was the political field where there was no political right for those with communist ideology in Indonesia. The purpose of writing this article in addition to completing the course assignment "Philosophy of Science" is also a reference for those who want to know the failure of the Communist Party of Indonesia and its impact on the 21st century in politics. This research is guided by the question of “What are the consequences that arise from the failure of communism in the G30S PKI incident on political development in Indonesia today?”. From this question, information was obtained that the failure of the G30S PKI communism made the Indonesian political sector close the communist gap and restrict all traffic. This case study will be written through the literature review method which is conducted collecting data from several relevant scientific journals. Researchers realize that there are difficulties in collecting quality data that can support research results because of the limitations of journals related to the themes taken. As for recommendations from various research analyses to respect everyone's political rights and don't swallow information that has not been validated.
TS. Vương Quân Hoàng: Chúng ta nên thay đổi quan niệm về việc rút bài báo khoa học
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: June 2021

KT&DB trân trọng thông báo, TS. Vương Quân Hoàng, thành viên Hội đồng biên tập, vừa có bài đăng trên tạp chí khoa học hạng nhất thế giới Nature (151 tuổi, vol. 582, iss. 7811). Dưới đây, chúng tôi giới thiệu vài nét chính.
Đặt chân tới kho tàng của người khổng lồ - Madame Tussaud II
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: June 2021

Lần đầu tiên được đặt chân vào Humanities and Social Sciences Communications với tôi như là bước chân vào “vùng đất của những người khổng lồ”, nơi những di sản trí tuệ đã được bảo tồn qua hàng trăm năm. Bước đầu tiên này sẽ là động lực cho chuyến đi mới trong tương lai, như ISR đã duy trì 5 năm nay.
Breakthroughs in mRNA modification and nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles facilitate gene therapy strategies
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

mRNA-based therapy is a unique and promising technique to prevent and cure many diseases associated with cell genetic components. Unlike DNA-based therapies, mRNA molecules do not require access to the nucleus. Therefore, there is no risk of genomic integration. Protein expression is also transient and may be fine-tuned. However, the mRNA molecule is large and naturally fragile, making it sensitive to RNase breakdown. Furthermore, mRNA is an intrinsic TLR3/7 signaling agonist that activates the innate immune system and generates several unpleasant side effects. In the past, these limitations limited the use of mRNA as a therapeutic agent. Recent breakthroughs in mRNA modification and nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have overcome these challenges. As evidenced by mRNA vaccines in clinical trials and, more recently, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the utilization of polyplexes, lipoplexes and LPPs has led to the product development and clinical usage of mRNA-based therapeutics. Besides cell reprogramming and gene editing, mRNA-based therapies have been applied in many other scientific sectors. However, difficulties such as optimizing delivery route, transfection efficiency, optimizing combination therapy, and considering toxicity remain unsolved for widespread clinical uses. The delivery technique can impact all recipient cells, antigen presentation efficacy, and overall responsiveness to mRNA therapy. Although preclinical research shows great transfection efficiency in many scenarios, transfection efficiency remains a restriction for human mRNA delivery. In clinically implementing innovative medicines, toxicity is always a key concern. Even a small side effect may affect the outcome of the therapeutic application. Combining mRNA-based treatment with various therapeutic techniques like immune-checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and radiation is a promising strategy to increase therapeutic efficacy. However, for the best therapeutic impact, the dosage and dosing schedule should be fine-tuned.
Performance Impact of e-business use in Indonesian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Nabila
Published: June 2021

A new business platform is a must for companies that are disrupting new media technology, especially during the Covid 19 era. However, many incumbent companies are less able to keep up with changing business trends. Anticipate all changes in the competitive climate in the digital era in carrying out the company transformation program along with the implementation of good corporate governance values to avoid oral hazards and a greater risk of failure. proposes an integrated framework that investigates interrelationships between contextual factors that influence e-business use and consequently its impact on enterprise performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Medium Small Medium Enterprise During Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Ongkosaputri Angelina Ayllene Glenvyra
Published: June 2021

SMSE During Pandemic
The Significance & Need of prioritizing Health Technology Assessment added with economic evaluations of medical interventions in Low & Middle Income countries (LMICs): The Covid-19 experience
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush
Published: June 2021

The covid-19 pandemic had disclosed the truth that health care resources are limited and the medical interventions applied to deal with the pandemic such as ventilators are not available to most of the population and there are needs of suitable cheaper alternative to be assessed to be cost effective than the available interventions to reduce the economic burden as well. Only looking at the benefits of intervention avoiding the cost effective analysis will do harm definitely in short as well as long run as the economic burden must need to be addressed in order to make an intervention reach from top to bottom strata of the population. The health technology assessment will help policy makers to achieve the goal of primary health care as well as universal health coverage by making the healthcare system affordable, accessible , available to everyone particularly poor populations. A simple question is: are the ventilators available to all who required it? Of course the answer is no. Limiting the medical interventions only to rich people is not going to solve the problems of nations; the interventions should be available, accessible, and affordable to everyone who needs it. This is the only way and for this we must have HTA (health technology assessment) added with economic evaluations of medical interventions to search alternatives which can be better cost effective than existing one. In this article I am discussing significance of HTA and economic evaluations of medical interventions in Low & Middle Income countries.
Theo nhịp CiteScore 2020
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: June 2021

Tôi viết tiếp câu chuyện trong giấc mơ về Madame Tussaud II của mình [1]. Bây giờ chính là lúc giữa “mùa hệ số tác động” 2021, theo cách gọi của SSHPA SciComm [2].
BOOK REVIEW: THE CONTRIBUTION SERIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THINKING FOR THE NATION 4: PSYCHOLOGY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION (SERI SUMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN PSIKOLOGI UNTUK BANGSA 4: PSIKOLOGI DAN INTEGRASI BANGSA)
Authors: Sindangsari Laura Putri , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is a country that consists of differences in ethnicity, language, customs, and skin color. This diversity can cause conflict and division, both caused by internal problems or external problems, so national unity is needed to maintain the integrity of the nation and prosper the people. Therefore, this book, which contains the thoughts of psychologists, was created as a contribution from psychologists in maintaining the unity and integrity of the nation.The book contents are 27 articles from 38 authors. It is a collection of the thoughts of psychologists on the issue of national integration. Their thoughts can be used by college students to add insight and train their thinking in solving various problems of the nation. In addition, It is also expected to inspire power holders and various parties in finding solutions and answering national problems related to the themes.
Penerapan Algoritma Multiple Flow Diection Untuk Pemodelan Genangan Banjir
Authors: Suryawan Mohamad Arif , Hasiri Ery Muchyar
Published: June 2021

Genangan air sering kali terjadi pada daerah rendah karena volume air hujan yang besar. Genangan air dalam jumlah besar dapat mengakibatkan banjir, oleh karena itu diperlukan simulasi genangan air dengan bantuan aplikasi komputer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genangan banjir yang terjadi berdasarkan titik-titikketinggian piksel pada peta Digital Elevation Model (DEM), titik-titik ketinggian piksel mewakili ketinggian permukaan tanah. Algoritma Multiple Flow Direction (MFD) digunakan untuk mengetahui arah dan genangan air yang mungkin terjadi pada daerah rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan perancangan sistem dalam bentukpemodelan yang diawali dengan perumusan masalah, studi kepustakaan dan penelitian ekperimental dengan mengembangkan algoritma MFD untuk menentukan arah aliran air. Air akan mengalir ke seluruh area piksel disekelilingnya yang memiliki nilai piksel yang lebih rendah dari piksel awal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkandaerah genangan banjir yang terjadi dari beberapa sumber titik awal air mengalir.
BOOK REVIEW : CIVIC EDUCATION (PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN)
Authors: Antonis Matthew Robert , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Civic Education is one of the knowledge that students must understand as Indonesian citizens. Currently, Indonesia is entering an era of globalization characterized by the development of technology and the strong influence of international institutions in managing the political and economic life of the world. This has led to a new structure that can affect the mindset and mentality of the nation in the face of the current state of the world. Those who do not have strong citizenship knowledge will quickly falter in the face of the intervention of developed countries entering Indonesia. Thus, one of the ways provided by the government is to equip students with civic education, which instilled the importance of national and state awareness. Civic education is a guideline for everyone to behave in the lives of the nationalities and state. Every People must know about citizenship to avoid distorted behaviors and mindsets in today's current time. Then, through civic education, we can know the history of the nation's struggle and the origins of Indonesia and appreciate the meaning of independence.
Sistem ekonomi kapitalisme
Authors: Hasym Muchamad
Published: June 2021

Sistem ekonomi kapitalisme
Đặt chân tới kho tàng của người khổng lồ - Madame Tussaud II
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: June 2021

Đặt chân tới kho tàng của người khổng lồ - Madame Tussaud II
Liposomes with cerasome-forming lipids as gene therapy vectors
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Basic research focuses on liposome transport systems as non-viral ways of transferring genetic and therapeutic substances. Due to electrostatic interactions between positive polar groups of cationic lipids and the negatively charged cell membrane surface, nucleic acids may readily be transported into cells as part of lipoplexes. Cationic liposomes, however, have a number of well-known problems, including low stability, toxicity, and a potential for severe immunological response. Recent research has revealed, however, that by increasing the system with additional components such as cerasome-forming lipids, these problems may be solved. They aid in the prolongation of the release of a beneficial liposome load in cells by increasing vesicle stability in the systemic circulation. This circumstance broadens the applications for liposomal systems. As a consequence, using varied lipids can create numerous liposomes for use in a range of medical fields. Nonviral delivery approaches based on hybrid liposomes with suitable structural component selection may be a possible response to a number of medical concerns, and further study is urgently needed.
Correlating Indoor and Outdoor Temperature and Humidity in a Sample of Buildings in Tropical Climates
Authors: Pan Jin , Tang Julian , Caniza Miguela , Heraud Jean-Michel , Koay Evelyn , Lee Hong Kai , Lee Chun Kiat , Li Yuguo , Ruiz Alejandra Nava , Santillan-Salas Carlos Francisco , Marr Linsey
Published: June 2021

The incidence of several respiratory viral infections has been shown to be related to climate. Because humans spend most of their time indoors, measures of indoor climate, rather than outdoor climate, may be better predictors of disease incidence and transmission. Therefore, understanding the relationship between indoor and outdoor climate will help illuminate their influence on the seasonality of diseases caused by respiratory viruses. Indoor-outdoor relationships between temperature and humidity have been documented in temperate regions, but little information is available for tropical regions, where seasonal patterns of respiratory viral diseases differ. We have examined indoor-outdoor correlations of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and absolute humidity (AH) over a 1-year period in each of seven tropical cities. Across all cities, the average monthly indoor temperature was 25±3°C (mean ± standard deviation) with a range of 20–30°C. The average monthly indoor RH was 669% with a range of 50–78%, and the average monthly indoor AH was 153 g/m3 with a range of 10–23 g/m3. Indoor AH and RH were linearly correlated with outdoor AH when the air-conditioning (AC) was off, suggesting that outdoor AH may be a good proxy of indoor humidity in the absence of AC. All indoor measurements were more strongly correlated with outdoor measurements as distance from the equator increased. Such correlations were weaker during the wet season, especially when AC was in operation. These correlations will provide insight for assessing the seasonality of respiratory viral infections using outdoor climate data, which is more widely available than indoor data, even though transmission of these diseases mainly occurs indoors.
Gradient-based topology optimization of soft dielectrics as tunable phononic crystals
Authors: Sharma Atul Kumar , Kosta Majd , Shmuel Gal , Amir Oded
Published: June 2021

Dielectric elastomers are active materials that undergo large deformations and change their instantaneous moduli when they are actuated by electric fields. By virtue of these features, composites made of soft dielectrics can filter waves across frequency bands that are electrostatically tunable. To date, to improve the performance of these adaptive phononic crystals, such as the width of these bands at the actuated state, metaheuristics-based topology optimization was used. However, the design freedom offered by this approach is limited because the number of function evaluations increases exponentially with the number of design variables. Here, we go beyond the limitations of this approach, by developing an efficient gradient-based topology optimization method. The numerical results of the method developed here demonstrate prohibited frequency bands that are indeed wider than those obtained from the previous metaheuristics-based method, while the computational cost to identify them is reduced by orders of magnitude.
Application of Natural Language Processing on Character Computing : A Short Review
Authors: DEB KOUSHIK , Banerjee Sayan , Sharma Rohan , Khan Sana Bano , Ali Sk Saqlain
Published: June 2021

Character Computing consists of not only personality trait recognition, but also correlation among these traits. Tons of research has been conducted in this area. Various factors like demographics, sentiment, gender, LIWC, and others have been taken into account in order to understand human personality. In this paper, we have concentrated on the factors that could be obtained from available data using Natural Language Processing. It has been observed that the most successful personality trait prediction models are highly dependent on NLP techniques. Researchers across the globe have used different kinds of machine learning and deep learning techniques to automate this process. Different combinations of factors lead the research in different directions. We have presented a comparative study among those experiments and tried to derive a direction for future development.
Utilizing analytical transfer functions to gauge the effect of velocity reversals
Authors: Garcia-Suarez Joaquin
Published: June 2021

The effect of "velocity reversals'' (soft soil layers confined between stiffer ones) over 1D Site Response calculations has been studied for many years now, but a complete characterization of their influence is still pending. In a recent article titled "Never Fear Velocity Reversals", Yagoda-Biran, Kerpel and Kamai analyzed a set of three-layer systems with different properties. Their study was focused on numerical calculations leading to insights concerning the influence of the reversal over the fundamental resonant mode. The same systems are analyzed in this note, yet from a theoretical standpoint in this case, working directly with the analytical transfer functions. A new interpretation of their results is provided, along with a reasoning that evinces difficulties when it comes to extrapolating insights to more complex layerings.
Tuning in to a hip-hop beat: Pursuit eye movements reveal processing of biological motion
Authors: Souto David , Sudkamp Jennifer , Nacilla Kyle , Bocian Mateusz
Published: June 2021

Smooth pursuit eye movements are mainly driven by motion signals to achieve their goal of reducing retinal motion blur. However, they can also show anticipation of predictable movement patterns. Oculomotor predictions may rely on an internal model of the target kinematics. Most investigations on the nature of those predictions have concentrated on simple stimuli, such as a decontextualized dot. However, biological motion is one of the most important visual stimuli in regulating human interaction and its perception involves integration of form and motion across time and space. Therefore, we asked whether there is a specific contribution of an internal model of biological motion in driving pursuit eye movements. Unlike previous contributions, we exploited the cyclical nature of walking to measure eye movement’s ability to track the velocity oscillations of the hip of point-light walkers. We quantified the quality of tracking by cross-correlating pursuit and hip velocity oscillations. We found a robust correlation between signals, even along the horizontal dimension, where changes in velocity during the stepping cycle are very subtle. The inversion of the walker and the presentation of the hip-dot without context incurred the same additional phase lag along the horizontal dimension. These findings support the view that information beyond the hip-dot contributes to the prediction of hip kinematics that controls pursuit. We also found a smaller phase lag in inverted walkers for pursuit along the vertical dimension compared to upright walkers, indicating that inversion does not simply reduce prediction. We suggest that pursuit eye movements reflect the visual processing of biological motion and as such could provide an implicit measure of higher-level visual function.
Statistical reminders involving indirect comparisons and non-significant results: a case study
Authors: Puri Rohan
Published: June 2021

Letter to the Editor addressing conclusions made by MacDonald et al., 2021, "The role of interhemispheric communication during complete and partial cancellation of bimanual responses"
Psychophysical interactions with entangled photons: Five exploratory experiments
Authors: Radin Dean , Bancel Peter , Delorme Arnaud
Published: June 2021

Objective: Four laboratory studies and an online experiment explored psychophysical (mind-matter) interactions with quantum entangled photons. Method: Entanglement correlation strength measured in real-time was presented via a graph or dynamic images displayed on a computer monitor or web browser. Participants were tasked with mentally influencing that metric. Results: A statistically significant increase in entanglement strength was obtained in experimental conditions in the four lab studies (p < 0.02), with particularly strong results observed in three studies conducted at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (p < 0.0002). Modest results (p < 0.05) were observed in a high-quality subset of entanglement samples in an online experiment. Control experiments using the same equipment and protocols, but without observers present, showed results consistent with chance expectation in both the lab and online studies. Conclusion: These outcomes suggest that the fidelity of entangled states and the nonlocal resource they entail may be mutable in systems that include conscious awareness. This is potentially of interest for quantum information technologies such as quantum computation, encryption, key distribution, and teleportation. The results are also relevant for interpretations of quantum theory, especially if future studies show that entanglement strength can be mentally modulated above the Tsirelson Bound – the upper limit predicted by quantum theory. Such an outcome would suggest that quantum theory in its present form does not hold when physical systems interact with certain mental states. The results of these exploratory experiments justify continued investigation of entangled photons as targets of mind-matter interaction.
A trait-based network perspective on the validation of the French Short Boredom Proneness Scale
Authors: Martarelli Corinna , Baillifard Ambroise , Audrin Catherine
Published: June 2021

The Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS) has recently been developed. Using a standard confirmatory factor analysis, we report on the structural validation of the French SBPS, which provided support for the original construct. A network analysis (n = 490) revealed the structure of the relationships of the SBPS and of the two facets of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II). The analysis revealed positive connections between the boredom and curiosity items, whereas the connections between the boredom and exploration items were negative. To evaluate measurement invariance, we compared the French-speaking sample (n = 490) with an English-speaking sample (n = 364). Full configural, metric, and scalar invariance was established; thus, we provide a valid French translation of a widely used measure of boredom that may advantage future research.
Systematic review of interventions to promote the performance of physical distancing behaviours during pandemics/epidemics of infectious diseases spread via aerosols or droplets
Authors: Epton Tracy , Ghio Daniela , Ballard Lisa , Allen Sarah , Kassianos Angelos , Hewitt Rachael , Swainston Katherine , Fynn Wendy , Rowland Vickie , Westbrook Juliette , Jenkinson Elizabeth , Morrow Alison , McGeechan Grant James , Stanescu Sabina , Yousuf Aysha , Sharma Nisha , Begum Suhana , Karasouli Eleni , Scanlan Daniel , Shorter Gillian W , Arden Madelynne , Armitage Chris , O'Connor Daryl Brian , Kamal Atiya , McBride Emily , swanson vivien , Hart Jo , Byrne-Davis Lucie , Chater Angel , Drury John
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPhysical distancing, that is keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-COV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs). MethodsSix databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomised controlled trial) and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behaviour. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention. ResultsSix moderate or high quality papers indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behaviour. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behaviour (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities) and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviours. ConclusionsThe evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights the gaps that should be focused on in future research.
Human brain responses associated with subjective evaluation of error significance are sensitive to error inevitability
Authors: Senderecka Magdalena , Szewczyk Jakub M.
Published: June 2021

This study examined whether error-related brain responses are sensitive to the degree of error inevitability, a factor which seriously affects the attribution of moral responsibility for an error. We were especially interested in error-related negativity (ERN), which is an electrophysiological marker of subjective evaluation of error significance and its motivational value. In addition, we focused on post-error slowing, which is a post-error behavioural adjustment. We hypothesized that the more avoidable the error, and consequently the greater its significance and motivational value, the larger the ERN amplitude, the shorter the ERN latency, and the greater the post-error slowing should be. To elicit errors whose inevitability varies, we used the stop-signal task. The inevitability of errors in this task depends on whether the stop signal is presented before or after a point beyond which the completion of the movement cannot be cancelled. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that the higher motivational value of avoidable errors was indeed reflected in larger and earlier ERNs. Moreover, avoidable errors led to greater adjustments in subsequent behaviour aimed at preventing similar failures in the future. These findings show that early performance monitoring, as reflected by ERN, involves an evaluation of error inevitability. In a broader perspective, these results indicate that the elementary basis for distinguishing between culpable (avoidable) and non-culpable (unavoidable) errors may occur in the brain several dozen milliseconds after error commission.
Mindfulness, Perceived Partner Responsiveness, and Relationship Quality: A Dyadic Longitudinal Mediation Model
Authors: Stanton Sarah C. E. , Chan Alvin , Gazder Taranah
Published: June 2021

General and domain-specific (e.g., relationship-specific) mindfulness frequently predict salutary relationship outcomes. The present preregistered study examined whether general and relationship mindfulness predicted longitudinal change in positive and negative relationship quality via greater perceived partner responsiveness (PPR). One hundred couples completed a baseline lab session (Phase 1), a 14-day diary period (Phase 2), and a 2-month follow-up survey (Phase 3). Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model analyses revealed that actors’ Phase 1 relationship mindfulness—but not general mindfulness—predicted increases in their own positive relationship quality from Phase 1-3 and decreases in their own negative relationship quality from Phase 1-3 indirectly via their own Phase 2 PPR. An exploratory alternate model testing if Phase 1 PPR predicted changes in Phase 1-3 relationship quality via Phase 2 relationship mindfulness did not reveal significant indirect effects. All results held when controlling for gender, age, and relationship length, and no partner effects emerged in any analysis. These findings further elucidate the relationship-enhancing role of mindfulness in couples and highlight PPR as a critical mediator explaining the link between domain-specific mindfulness and relationship quality. Implications for mindfulness-based training programs for couples are discussed.
Seasonality and Oldowan behavioral variability in East Africa
Authors: Matás Gonzalo José Linares , Clark James
Published: June 2021

The extent, nature, and temporality of early hominin food procurement strategies has been subject to extensive debate. In this paper, we examine evidence for the seasonal scheduling of resource procurement and technological investment in the Oldowan, starting with an evaluation of the seasonal signature of USOs, freshwater resources, and terrestrial animal resources in extant primates and modern human hunter-gatherer populations. Subsequently, we use the mortality profiles, taxonomic composition, and taphonomy of the bovid assemblages at Kanjera South (Homa Peninsula, Kenya) and FLK-Zinj (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) to illustrate the behavioral flexibility of Oldowan hominins, who were targeting different seasonally-vulnerable demographics. In terms of the lithic assemblages, the specific opportunities and constraints afforded by dry season subsistence at FLK-Zinj may have disincentivized lithic investment, resulting in a more expedient toolkit for fast and effective carcass processing. This may have been reinforced by raw material site provisioning during a relatively prolonged seasonal occupation, reducing pressures on the reduction and curation of lithic implements. In contrast, wet season plant abundance would have offered a predictable set of high-quality resources associated with low levels of competition and reduced search times, in the context of perhaps greater seasonal mobility and consequently shorter occupations. These factors appear to have fostered technological investment to reduce resource handling costs at Kanjera South, facilitated by more consistent net returns and enhanced planning of lithic deployment throughout the landscape. We subsequently discuss the seasonality of freshwater resources in Oldowan procurement strategies, focusing on FwJj20 (Koobi Fora, Kenya). While more analytical studies with representative sample sizes are needed, we argue that inter-assemblage differences evidence the ability of Oldowan hominins to adapt to seasonal constraints and opportunities in resource exploitation.
BOOK REVIEW_NUCLEAR SUKARNO: INITIAL STUDY OF INDONESIAN ATOMIC POLITICS 1958-1967_NUKLIR SUKARNO: KAJIAN AWAL ATAS POLITIK TENAGA ATOM INDONESIA 1958-1967
Authors: Riswana Citra Ajeng Sofia Monica Setya , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

“Nuklir Sukarno: Kajian awal atas politik tenaga atom indonesia 1958-1967” is one of Teuku Reza Fadeli's works published in 2021. This book explains how Sukarno's desire to have nuclear weapons. This book itself has three chapters explaining in detail and coherently how this incident happened, starting from the first chapter, which describes the state of the cold war that caused Indonesia to become involved in it and how President Sukarno's attitude towards nuclear technology. The second chapter describes the formation of LTE, which later turned into BATAN due to changes in Sukarno's thinking in addressing the global political constellation and Western imperialism, which continued to hinder nuclear power. The third chapter describes Sukarno's ambition to have nuclear weapons in Indonesia, then the world response to these conditions, and the last one regarding the end of Sukarno's nuclear politics as it coincided with Suharto's downfall.This book intends to look back on nuclear technology that came to the world's attention in the nuclear arms race after the end of the second world war to inform readers of Soekarno's ideas about nuclear technology, which impacted determining his government in the 1960s. Which at that time, not a few Western countries gave a cautionary attitude. In addition, this book also aims to encourage interest in writing the history of technology in Indonesia because there are still many who ignore science and technology in influencing Indonesian history.This book intends for those who are thirsty for knowledge and always want more insight. Sukarno's Nuclear Book is also very suitable for those who like Indonesian history, especially the history of technology in Indonesia which has had much influence in it. Then for those who like compilation, this book is very suitable because, in the book Nuclear Sukarno, the CIA has been involved in Indonesian history. After reading the book Nuclear Sukarno, much information is obtained by readers, such as in the economic, political, social, and cultural fields that are the reasons for writing Indonesian history; it turns out that technology itself also influences the current situation in Indonesia. The reader also knows that Indonesia wants to have nuclear weapons because of the influence of the cold war that occurred at that time. However, this never happened because of the fall of President Suharto in his leadership.
Launching of the Journal of the Physiological Society of Nepal (JPSN)
Authors: Paudel Bishnu Hari
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Role of clean intermittent self-catheterization in prevention of recurent urethral stricture after optical internal urethrotomy
Authors: Bhatta Pushupati Nath , Raya Akash , Alam Mohammad Shahid , Aryal Rishikant , Dutta Deepak Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Urethral stricture is one of the common urological problem. There are different option to treat urethral stricture but, irrespective of the treatment the chances of recurrence is still high. Clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) was introduced by Lapides has greatly reduced the chances of recurrence. So, the objectives of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the chances of recurrence in optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) patients with or without CISC.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled study conducted in the department of surgery, urology division at National medical college, Birgunj from June 2019 to June 2020. Total 97 cases of age 20-80 years with stricture up to 1-2 cm were included. All cases were randomized in two groups. Group 1 (optical internal urethrotomy with clean intermittent self-catheterization) Group 2 (optical internal urethrotomy without clean intermittent self-catheterization).

Results: Among total 97 cases 4 cases from group 1 and 7 cases of group 2 lost their follow-up which were excluded from the study. Total 86 patient completed the study, 43 in treatment group 1 and 43 in control group 2. Mean age of patient was 42.58±16.147 years in group 1 and 32.07±9.917 years in group 2. Majority of patient 56 (65%) were of age 20-40 years. Recurrence of stricture was seen in 9 (20.93%) cases in group 1 and 20 (46.51%) cases in group 2.

Conclusions: The study concluded that clean intermittent self-catheterization is a simple and effective way of reducing the chances of recurrence after internal optical urethrotomy.
Dye inhibition of phosphate transport in everted duodenal sacs of mice
Authors: Mary Panthalookaren Lonappan , Rao Jonnakuty Prakasa , Nepal Ojashwi
Published: June 2021

Phenol Red has been widely used to test kidney function in man. Using the simple, everted gut sac technique has been observed to inhibit the phosphate transport by phenol red in the mouse intestine. We wanted to see if other similar organic anions are able to inhibit the phosphate transport across the mouse intestine. Both uptake and release of phosphate by the everted duodenal sacs of mice are inhibited by phenol red, bromocresol green and bromophenol blue. At the highest dose all the dyes were able to inhibit both influx and efflux significantly. Loss of phosphate from bathing solution is taken as influx and the gain of phosphate by the solution within the sac is taken efflux. At higher dosages a trend of increase in E/I% was noted. At the highest dose all the dyes were able to increase this parameter significantly over the control. Influx appears to be the primary process to be affected. Possible use of phenol red, on account of its safety in humans, as a hypophosphatemic agent is suggested.