bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplication of Landsat 8 Oli for the total suspended solid (TSS) mapping in the Tri An reservoir, Dong Nai province
Authors: Thanh Luu Pham , Thi My Le Nguyen , Hong Phuong Trinh , Thi Hoang Yen Tran , Thanh Thai Tran , Xuan Quang Ngo
Published: December 2020

Remote sensing techniques have been widely used to measure the qualitative parameters of waterbodies. Total suspended solid (TSS) is an important water quality parameter and a surrogate for the water clarity. It can be used as the indicator of sediment in the reservoir, which usually consists of silt, fine sand and microorganisms. This study aimed to utilize the remote sensing technology, in particular Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (Landsat 8 OLI), to determine the amount of TSS concentration as well as the spatial distribution of TSS concentration in the surface water of the Tri An reservoir. The relationship between field TSS data collected in March, 2020 and the reflectance values of the the Landsat 8 Oli images was investigated. Results showed that there was a strong linear relationshiop between TSS concentration and the reflectance of the red and near infrared reflectance bands from the Landsat 8 Oli (r ranged from 0.58–0.93), in which the ratio of the red band produced the best correlation with the TSS (r = 0.93, with a standard error of 0.6–1.39 mg/L). Based on the linear regression equation, the TSS concentration calculated from the red reflectance values was used for mapping the spatial distribution of TSS in the surface water of the Tri An reservoir. Our results confirmed the accuracy and potential of using the single band from Landsat 8 OLI for mapping the spatial distribution of TSS in the Tri An reservoir.
II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nde Antalya’da Karayollarının Durumu (1908-1918)
Authors: KISA Ahmet , MALHUT Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nde (1908-1918) Osmanlı Devleti’nin yolların inşası ile ilgili genel politikalarını tespit etmeyi, bu politikalar içerisinde Antalya’da karayollarının durumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde yollar insan bedenindeki damarlar gibi görülmüş, nasıl demi hayat uruklar (damarlar) vasıtasıyla cereyan ederse, yollardan da servet-i memleket cereyan eder anlayışı ile yol yapımına imkânlar nisbetinde önem verilmiştir. Bu nedenle Osmanlı Devleti 19. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren yol mevzuatı ile ilgili önemli yasal düzenlemeler yapmış, ardından II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nde de yolların inşa edilmesi konusunda büyük çaba içerisinde olmuştur. Bu maksatla 14 Aralık 1908 tarihinde kapsamlı bir Nafıa Programı hazırlanarak 30.044 kilometre yolun inşa edilmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. 1908 Nafıa Programı’nda inşa edilmesi ön görülen yollar mali imkânların elverişsizliği, gerekli sermayenin tedarik edilememesi gibi sebepler dolayısıyla uygulanamamıştır. Bunun üzerine 1910 yılında içerisinde Teke (Antalya) Sancağı’nın da olduğu bazı vilayet yollarının dâhil edilmesi ile 10.000 kilometre yolun inşa edilmesi Fransız İnşaat Şirketi’ne ihale edilmiştir. Ancak II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nin olağanüstü siyasi koşulları inşaat şirketinin Antalya Sancağı’ndaki yollar üzerinde çalışma yapmasına imkân vermemiştir. Diğer taraftan II. Meşrutiyet ilan edildiğinde Konya Vilayeti’nin bir sancağı olan Antalya, 23 Temmuz 1914 tarihinde müstakil sancağa dönüştürülmüştür. Daha önceden Konya Vilayeti tarafından yolların yapılmasına nezaret edilirken, idari anlamda yapılan bu değişiklikle Antalya yetkilendirilmiş, bayındırlık işleri, beledi hizmetler ve sıhhi hizmetlerin yerine getirilmesi gibi işlerden doğrudan sorumlu tutulmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmamızda hem Osmanlı Devleti’nin II. Meşrutiyet yıllarında yolların inşası ile ilgili genel politikalarının nitelikleri hem de öncesinde Konya Vilayeti’ne bağlı sancak iken daha sonra müstakil hale getirilen Antalya’nın yol durumu ele alınmıştır.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Rufinamide in Bulk Drug and Oral Dosage Formulation
Authors: Sharma Deepshikha , Chauhan Vikramsinh R. , B. Vyas Kartik
Published: December 2020

A simple, rapid, cost effective and extractive UV-Vis spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Rufinamide(RFM) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. It was based on UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements in which the drug made a complex with ?-naphthol in alkaline medium and give stable pale yellow colored complex which exhibits absorption maximum at 540 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2 - 24 ?g /ml. This method was tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of RFM in oral formulation. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation < 2 %). As it is simple, cheap and less time consuming, it can be suitably applied for the estimation of RFM in dosage forms in quality control labs.
Program Konseling dan Bimbingan Orang Tua di Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Pemikiran Abdullah Nashih Ulwan
Authors: Muhsonah Isma , Handriyanto Budi
Published: December 2020

In Islam, children's education is not only the responsibility of schools, but parents have a much bigger responsibility in providing education for their children. However, as a professional teaching institution, schools can help parents through counseling programs or other school programs such as parenting activities. One of the pieces of literature that becomes a reference in children's education in Islam is the book entitled Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam written by Abdullah Nashih Ulwan. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to obtain an overview of the implementation of counseling activities for parents at SDIT Ummul Quro as a model of this study, then integrates it with seven aspects of children's education in Islam based on the book entitled Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam.  The result of this research is Abdullah Nashih Ulwan divided education for children into seven educations including spiritual, morals, mental, physical, social, cognitive, and sexual education. He has discussed in detail all the needs, obligations, methods, and suggestions for children in Islam, which are implemented as a program that refers to the book entitled Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam as a guide for parents to provide education for their children to optimize their development based on Islam.AbstrakPendidikan anak dalam Islam tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab sekolah tetapi orang tua memiliki porsi yang jauh lebih besar dalam memberikan pendidikan bagi anaknya. Namun demikian, sebagai institusi pengajar profesional sekolah dapat membantu orang tua melalui bimbingan konseling atau program sekolah lainnya seperti kegiatan parenting. Salah satu literatur yang menjadi acuan dalam pendidikan anak dalam Islam adalah buku Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam karya Abdullah Nashih Ulwan  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan konseling untuk orang tua di SDIT Ummul Quro sebagai model dari penelitian ini, kemudian mengintegrasikannya dengan tujuh aspek pendidikan anak dalam Islam, sesuai buku Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Abdullah Nashih Ulwan membagi tanggung jawab orang tua menjadi tujuh tanggung jawab pendidikan, 1) tanggung jawab pendidikan iman, 2) tanggung jawab pendidikan moral, 3) tanggung jawab pendidikan fisik, 4) tanggung jawab pendidikan akal, 5) tanggung jawab pendidikan psikologi, 6) tanggung jawab pendidikan sosial, dan 7) tanggung jawab pendidikan seksualitas. Abdullah Nashih Ulwan juga menjabarkan metode pendidikan anak seperti memberikan keteladanan, kebiasaan, nasehat, dan hukuman yang telah diatur dalam Islam.  Hal-hal fundamental inilah yang diterjemahkan menjadi sebuah program sekolah yang mengacu pada buku Tarbiyatul Aulad fil Islam sebagai bimbingan bagi orang tua untuk memberikan pendidikan pada anak demi mengoptimalkan perkembangannya dengan landasan Islam.
Representations of International Conflicts and Diplomatic Tensions in International Newspapers
Authors: Blessing N. Chinweobo-Onuoha , Boniface Ossai Onyedi
Published: December 2020

This study examines the representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions in International Newspapers in 2019. It x-rayed the pattern of representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions if they were more negative and guided by national and economic interests than humanitarian. It investigated the degree of prominence comparatively accorded the reportage of the issues in developed nations and Africa; and further ascertained the direction of reportage of the issues. The study reviewed the Agenda Setting theory which flows from the functional theories as appropriate to explain the work and adopts the Content Analysis method with an expected population consisting of 120 editions of the two selected newspapers, The Guardian of the UK and New York Times of the US from the deluge of global newspapers. The sample size was drawn from the population using the Taro Yamane formula to arrive at 24 editions. However, 22 editions of the newspaper had stories on international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, with over 31 stories. The contents were quantitatively analyzed with tables. From the findings, the study concluded that international newspapers though reported significantly international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, their representations were more guided by aligned interests of some world powers and laced around economy rather than humanitarian or global peace. The study recommended advocacy representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions by being responsible and fair to all people, race and nations in the international newspapers and de-emphasis economic interest.
Dyskurs o pomocy
Authors: Leociak Jacek , Czasopisma Redakcja
Published: December 2020

Znaczna część polskiego dyskursu o ratowaniu Żydów w czasie wojny jest ściśle zrytualizowana. Upływ czasu niewiele tu zmienia, rytuał bowiem jest czymś trwałym i na zmiany niepodatnym. Przed rokiem 1989 mieliśmy do czynienia z monologiem, udział w debacie publicznej był bowiem ściśle reglamentowany. Po roku 1989 słyszalne są głosy inne. Jednak wciąż dominuje głos dobrze znany z przeszłości. Różnie modulowany, ale prezentujący łatwo rozpoznawalny temat główny. Oto w czasie okupacji mieliśmy do czynienia z powszechną akcją pomocy Żydom. Był to ruch masowy. Dziesiątki, jeśli nie setki tysięcy Polaków zasługują na Medal Sprawiedliwych Wśród Narodów Świata przyznawany przez Instytut Yad Vashem w Jerozolimie. Tysiące, jeśli nie dziesiątki tysięcy Polaków zostało zamordowanych za pomoc Żydom. Mimo ogromu polskiego poświęcenia i polskich ofiar, to jednak żydowskie męczeństwo jest powszechnie znane, przesłaniając nasze. W tym kontekście eksponowane bywa poczucie krzywdy: świat nie docenia naszego heroizmu, a sami Żydzi odpłacają się za pomoc w najlepszym razie – obojętnością, w najgorszym – szkalowaniem narodu polskiego.

            Jako ilustrację przywołajmy nie coś ekstremalnego, lecz przeciętnego.  Wspomnieniowa twórczość Władysława Smólskiego reprezentuje najbardziej typowe cechy PRL-owskiego pisania o pomocy Żydom. Autor zaznacza, że „jest pierwszym pisarzem w Polsce”, który tematyce ratowania Żydów poświęcił „aż dwie swoje książki: Losy dziecka (1961) i Zaklęte lata (1965). We wstępie do opracowanego przez siebie wyboru wspomnień Za to groziła śmierć. Polacy i Żydzi z pomocą Żydom w czasie okupacji (1981) powtarza wszystkie wskazane wyżej motywy. Po pierwsze – masowość: „pomoc Polaków dla Żydów ukrywających się podczas okupacji przed Niemcami przybrała postać akcji masowej (...), akcja „Żegota” stała się akcją oddolną i masową. (...) Wcale moim zdaniem nie będzie przesadna liczba miliona ratowników”. Po drugie – polska pomoc zepchnięta na margines: „O ile jednak dzieje martyrologii Żydów zostały uwiecznione po wojnie w setkach publikacji we wszystkich językach świata, o tyle ofiarna akcja Polaków pozostaje po dziś dzień w cieniu”. Po trzecie – polska krzywda: „W Izraelu istnieje »Las sprawiedliwych«, w którym ludzie ratujący Żydów podczas okupacji mają swoje drzewka. Podobno liczba drzewek polskich jest tam nieproporcjonalnie szczupła w stosunku do innych nacji”. Po czwarte – żydowska niewdzięczność: „w środowiskach żydowskich za granicą zaczyna się urabiać opinia, że Polacy w dużej mierze pomagali hitlerowcom. Nietrudno dowieść, jak dalece to oszczerstwo jest niesprawiedliwe i krzywdzące”.
Jewish Letters to Hans Frank (1940): Opposition or a Survival Strategy?
Authors: Kochanowski Jerzy
Published: December 2020

In Warsaw’s Central Archives of Modern Records, in a collection of documents known as the General Government Administration set, there are dozens of letters and petitions sent between October 1939 and May 1940 by residents of occupied areas to the new German authorities, including the Governor General Hans Frank. In the collection there are also several letters (presented in Polish translation) sent by the Jews. While the Polish, Ukrainian and Russian authors represented a wide range of professions and social positions, and the petition themselves – a variety of issues, all Jewish letters were sent by members of the social elite, and the majority of them voiced their objection to the compulsory armbands with the Star of David, as the order to wear them accentuated the social exclusion of Jews in both practical and symbolic sense. Asking for permission not to wear an armband, the authors of letters referred to their service in the Austrian or German army, their lack of association with Judaism, etc. However, regardless of the arguments, the very act of sending those letters can be seen as a form of spontaneous opposition, described by the Polish historian and sociologist Marcin Kula as “rebellious action”.
METÁFORAS CONCEITUAIS EM JAMAICA KINCAID: BREVE ANÁLISE SOBRE A AUTOAFIRMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA CARIBENHA
Authors: SANTOS GILDEON ALVES
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo trata-se de uma breve análise de duas metáforas conceituais presentes nas narrativas da escritora caribenha Jamaica Kincaid. Objetiva-se, aqui, a tessitura de uma discussão, à luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980), de questões de autoafirmação identitária caribenha em três textos da autora, a saber: “On seeing England for the first time” (1991), Annie John (1997) e A Small Place (2000). Essas discussões sobre identidade são, em linhas gerais, revisitadas em textos teóricos de três dos principais escritores daquela região, Frantz Fanon, Stuart Hall e Édouard Glissant, para estabelecer uma contextualização temática destes com as obras anteriormente mencionadas. Por fim, promove-se rápida reflexão sobre como a experiência da colonização e do deslocamento incide nas construções identitárias daqueles povos.
Necessary Leaven: Hypocrisy and the Heptaméron
Authors: Butterworth Emily
Published: December 2020

Hypocrisy is a recurring concern in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron, part of the wider dynamic of dissimulation, pretence, and exposure explored in the storytelling project. This article discusses the contexts in which hypocrisy is revealed and debated in the Heptaméron. While clerical and feminine hypocrisies are familiar from medieval discussions of lecherous friars and unchaste women, Marguerite de Navarre’s evangelical emphasis presents hypocrisy more generically as an inevitable consequence of the Fall. Beyond general statements about the human condition, there emerges a more nuanced condemnation of hypocrisy that acknowledges relative positions of power and exploitation.
Equity and Amerindians in Montaigne’s “Des cannibales” (1, 31)
Authors: Connolly Shannon R.
Published: December 2020

Since the first publication of the Essais in Bordeaux in 1580, readers of this work have recognized skepticism underlying the judgment of its author, Michel de Montaigne. Arguing that the Pyrrhonist school of skepticism relies upon cultural diversity, or that Montaigne was influenced by sixteenth-century proto-ethnographic accounts of European travellers to the New World, many scholars of the Essais have read “Des cannibales” (1, 31) as proto-anthropological. In my close reading of this chapter, however, I contend that Montaigne’s rhetorical use of equity, and not his debated practice of a proto-anthropological cultural relativism, shares a special reciprocity with his skeptical judgment in the Essais. Equity, a para-legal procedure that Montaigne used to judge while he was a magistrate in the Bordeaux parlement (1557–70), remains largely underdeveloped in scholarship on the Essais.
Critical Thinking Attitude and Some Other Variables in Predicting Students’ Democratic Attitudes
Authors: Akar Cüneyit , KARA Mehmet
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effects of the attitudes towards critical thinking, gender, socioeconomic factors (education level of parents, income level, place of residence) as well as academic success, reading and television viewing habits in predicting the democratic attitudes of the fourth grade students. The research was carried out with the participation of 1066 students studying in the 4th grades of primary schools in the central districts of Diyarbakır in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study is descriptive and has a relational screening model. The "Democratic Attitude Scale" (DAS) developed by Erbil and Kocabaş (2017) was employed to determine the students' democratic attitudes and the "Critical Thinking Attitude Scale" (CTAS) developed by Akar-Vural (2005) was used to measure their critical thinking attitudes. A Personal Information Form was used to get information about the students. As a result of the research, democratic attitudes of the students were found "very good" and their attitudes towards critical thinking were "good". According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that all the independent variables of the study predicted the students' democratic attitudes at the level of 17%. It was found that critical thinking attitude scores (2.7%), socioeconomic factors (6.5%), and academic success, television viewing and reading habits (7.5%) significantly predicted the students' democratic attitudes. Considering the regression coefficients, it was seen that gender, maternal education level and reading habits did not contribute significantly to predicting democratic attitudes.
Teacher Candidates' Experiences with the Flipped Classroom Model: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Aslan Serkan
Published: December 2020

Today, technology integration has become an important issue in the teaching-learning environment. Developed countries integrate technology into schools from pre-school education to higher education, adopting a student-centred approach in their curriculums. Turkey has embraced a constructivist approach to its curriculum since the academic year 2005, in which studies of the teaching-learning environment ushered in the integration of new technology. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on technology integration in higher education. One approach to this research explores the integration of technology in Turkey into the flipped classroom model by the higher education institution, a subject upon which there has not been a sufficient amount of qualitative research. For this reason, in this study, the opinions of elementary teacher candidates regarding their experiences with the flipped classroom model were examined. The research was designed according to phenomenological research design, one of the foremost qualitative research patterns. The participants of the research are teacher candidates studying at Süleyman Demirel University as classroom teachers. The research sample was determined according to the criterion sampling method. An opinion questionnaire about the flipped classroom was used as a data collection tool in the research. Content analysis, a qualitative analysis method, was used to analyse the data. From the research, it was concluded that teacher candidates have experience with the flipped classroom model, believe this model provides many contributions to them and have encountered various problems with the model, for which they have suggestions on how these can be fixed.
Yalova Çekirdeksizi Üzüm Çeşidinde Ben Düşme Döneminden İtibaren Yapılan Farklı Düzeylerdeki Sulama Uygulamalarının Üzüm Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Ahmet Faruk , DARDENİZ Alper
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, ‘ÇOMÜ Dardanos Yerleşkesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitkisel Üretim Araştırma ve Uygulama Birimi’nde yer alan ‘Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Bağı’ndaki ‘Yalova Çekirdeksizi’ üzüm çeşidi üzerinde, 2016 ve 2017 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, ben düşme döneminden itibaren 4 hafta süresince yapılan farklı düzeylerdeki (0,0 L/omca (kontrol), 1,5 L/omca, 3,0 L/omca ve 6,0 L/omca) sulama konularının çeşidin üzüm verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için her bir konuda 10’ar adet omca belirlenerek, omcalara 4 hafta boyunca sızdırma sulama yöntemiyle sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Ortalama verim 3,0 L/omca ve 6,0 L/omca sulama suyu konularında rakamsal bir artış göstermiş olsa da, bu farklılık önemli bulunmamıştır. En geniş salkımlar sırasıyla 1,5 L/omca (9,18 cm) ve 6,0 L/omca (9,17 cm) sulama konularından, en dar salkımlar 0,0 L/omca (kontrol) (8,18 cm) konusundan elde edilirken, 3,0 L/omca sulama konusu ara grubu oluşturmuştur. En yüksek ortalama salkım ağırlığı değeri 6,0 L/omca (209,5 g) sulama konusundan elde edilirken, en düşük ortalama salkım ağırlığı değeri 0,0 L/omca (kontrol)’da (144,7 g) belirlenmiş, 1,5 L/omca ve 3,0 L/omca konuları ara grubu oluşturmuştur. En yüksek tane ağırlığı değeri de yine 3,09 g ile 6,0 L/omca sulama konusundan alınırken, en düşük tane ağırlığı değeri sırasıyla 0,0 L/omca (kontrol) (2,58 g) ve 1,5 L/omca (2,59 g) konularında saptanmıştır. Sulama miktarı arttırıldıkça %SÇKM, pH ve olgunluk indisi (%SÇKM/%asitlik) azalırken, %asitlik artış göstermiştir. En yüksek %SÇKM sırasıyla 0,0 L/omca (kontrol) (%21,91) ve 1,5 L/omca (%21,47) konularından alınırken, en düşük %SÇKM 6,0 L/omca (%19,52) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek olgunluk indisi değerine sahip üzümler 0,0 L/omca (kontrol) (38,27) ve 1,5 L/omca (37,80) sulama konularından alınırken, sırayla 3,0 L/omca (32,43) ve 6,0 L/omca (30,61) konuları en düşük olgunluk indisini oluşturmuştur. Haftalık periyotlarda (4 defa) verilen farklı düzeylerdeki sulamalarda, sulama miktarı arttırıldıkça %yaprak bağıl su içeriğinin yükseldiği belirlenmiştir.
Şekerpancarı ve Sarımsak Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Karbon Stokları ile Bazı Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri: Kırklareli- Babaeski ve Balıkesir- Altıeylül Örnek Çalışmaları
Authors: PARLAK Mehmet , EVEREST Timuçin , ÇIKILI Yakup
Published: December 2020

Küresel iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etmenin yollarından birisi de toprakların karbon stoklarını artırmaktır. Bu araştırmanın amacı şekerpancarı (Beta vulgaris L.) ve sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) tarlalarındaki toprakların organik karbon stokları ile bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini belirlemektir. Toprak örnekleri 0-20 cm derinlikten alınmış ve tekstür, hacim ağırlığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, kireç, toplam N, alınabilir P, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Şekerpancarı topraklarında organik karbon stokları 33.57 ton/ha ve sarımsak topraklarında ise bu değer 30.70 ton/ha olarak saptanmıştır. Şekerpancarı ve sarımsak topraklarının genellikle tınlı bünyeli (kumlu killi tın ve killi tın), nötr ve hafif alkali pH’da ve tuzsuz oldukları belirlenmiştir. Şekerpancarı topraklarının %44.5’i az kireçli ve %22.2’si kireçli sınıfında iken, sarımsak topraklarının %11.1’inin kireçli sınıfında oldukları saptanmıştır. Organik madde içerikleri bakımından şekerpancarı topraklarının %66.7’sinin ve sarımsak topraklarının ise %33.3’ünün az sınıfında oldukları belirlenmiştir. Şekerpancarı topraklarının %55.6’sının toplam N içeriği, %44.4’ünün alınabilir P içeriği, %11.1’i alınabilir Cu içeriği, %70.3’ünün alınabilir Zn içeriği bakımından ve sarımsak topraklarının ise %16.7’sinin toplam N içeriği, %22.3’ünün alınabilir P içeriği, %61.1’inin alınabilir Zn içeriği bakımından yetersiz sınıfında oldukları saptanmıştır. Hem organik karbon stoklarını hem de yetersiz seviyedeki besin maddesi miktarlarını artırmak için ahır gübresiyle birlikte gübre uygulamaları yapılmalıdır.
Sürdürülebilir Eko-Turizm Destinasyonları Olarak Sulak Alanlar: Uluabat Gölü
Authors: ÇELİK Aysun , POLAT ÜZÜMCÜ Tülay
Published: December 2020

Sürdürülebilir turizm; çevresel kaynakları en uygun şekilde kullanmayı, temel ekolojik süreçleri sürdürmeyi, doğal mirası ve biyolojik çeşitliliği korumayı hedefleyen turizmdir. Sulak alanlar doğal ve kültürel peyzaj çekicilikleriyle turist çekme potansiyeli yüksek olan alanlar olup, aynı zamanda dünyanın en kırılgan ekosistemlerinden birisidir. İyi planlanmamış ve iyi yönetilmeyen rekreasyon ve turizm faaliyetleri sulak alanların bozulmasında itici güç olabilmekte ve bu alanların ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürekliliğini tehlikeye atabilmektedir. Sürdürülebilir turizm destinasyonları olarak sulak alanların değerlendirilmesi ve alana özgü turizm türlerinin belirlenmesi; alana özgü kaynak değerlerinin, ekolojik süreçlerin, biyolojik çeşitliliğin, yerel kültürel özelliklerin değerini anlayarak korumayı ve devamlılığını sağlar nitelikte yönetmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Uluabat Gölü doğal ve kültürel çevre özelliklerinin turizm ile ilişkisi kurularak, turizm faaliyetleri için kriterlerin ve koruma kültürünün benimsendiği turizm türlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı; arazi surveyi ve literatür araştırmalarıdır. Uluabat Gölü doğal ve kültürel çevre özelliklerinin turizm ile ilişkisinin kurulabilmesi için gerekli olan verileri arazi çalışmaları yanısıra literatür araştırması ile tamamlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, ulaşılan her türlü materyalin içeriği sistematik ve detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş, çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bütün verilerin analizi sonucu ulaşılan bilgiler amaç doğrultusunda ve uzman bakış açısı ile yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; turizm amaçlı sulak alan kullanımı ve koruma kültürünün birbirinden karşılıklı olarak yararlandıkları turizm türleri belirlenmiş, uygulanabilir öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Clearance of Renal Stone in PCNL Under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Hossain Muhammad , Islam Sayedul , Rahman Mohammad Shafiqur , Hossain Faruk , Islam Md Saiful , Hossain Shahil Ismam
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the Outcome of PCNL under spinal Anaesthesia.
Material and Method: A total of 74 patients with renal stone disease were treated by PCNL under spinal anasthesia. Total study period was from January 2013 to October 2019. Pre operative and post operative variables and complications were recorded.
Result: Age range from 25 years to 65 years, mean 41.37 ± 33 yrs. Male female ratio was 6.4:1 stone size ranges from 15mm to 40mm, majority was 21.33mm. Mean operative time was 69±4.2 min. Total stone clearance was 15.60%. Only 10.82% patients were suffering from grade I complications and mean hospital stay was 3.1±0.6 days.
Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is effective and safe under spinal anesthesia with shorter hospital stay and minimal complication.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.154-157
Identification of Compounds in Elaeis guineensis Fruits using GC-MS
Authors: Odion Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki , Ogboru Rachel Ogheneovo , Ighene Mike Oshor
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical constituents of Elaeis guineensis (EG) using GCMS. EG fruits were purchased from a local market in Edo state and was identified, cleaned, boiled and extracted. The resultant crude extract was strained through filter paper and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate before subjected to GC-MS analysis. Eighty-two (82) compounds were identified and the major components are hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.53%), oleic acid (25.92%). n-hexadecanoic acid (31.41%), cis-vaccenic acid (22.82%) and octadecanoic acid (13.16%). Plants fatty acids are important for growth and defence mechanism against pathogen, possess antimicrobial action, implicated in pathway elucidation and stimulation of resistance mechanism in plants. Long chain fatty acids exert their effect on membrane phospholipids by modifying its composition and potentially interfering with synthesis of lipid signalling molecules. Identification of EG fruits have provided an idea of its chemical composition of the extract of E. guineensis.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 153-159, 2020 (December)
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Different Fractions of Citrus aurantifolia Peel
Authors: Ghosh Rupali , Hoque Nazia , Shanta Meena Afroze , Nasrin Nishat , Muhammad Asaduzzaman -
Published: December 2020

The present study was designed to investigate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and hydromethanol fraction of methanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia peel. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the fractions was done following the standard procedure. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH free radical scavenging assay besides measuring total phenolic and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum trichloride method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was conducted by disc diffusion method and cytotoxic activity was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The results of phytochemical screening were indicative of the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids in the fractions. A dose dependent scavenging activity was observed in DPPH radical scavenging assay where chloroform fraction demonstrated the highest activity with IC50 value of 153.68 ± 3.60 μg/ml. The highest phenolic content was observed in chloroform fraction (308.0 ± 6.55 mg/g gallic acid equivalent) and highest flavonoid content was found in hydromethanol fraction (132.66 ± 2.36 mg/g quercetin equivalent). The chloroform fraction showed excellent antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria where highest zone of inhibition (19 mm) was produced against Bacillus cereus. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, LC50 values for petroleum ether, chloroform and hydromethanol fractions were 367.39 μg/ml, 228.14 μg/ml and 296.52 μg/ml, respectively. The present findings suggested that C. aurantifolia peel could be a potent source of medicinally important secondary metabolites and further investigations can be done to identify those active compounds responsible for such bioactivity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 161-168, 2020 (December)
Las redes sociales y la transformación de las instituciones
Authors: Sánchez Galiano Carmen
Published: December 2020

El texto destaca la necesidad de una transformación de las instituciones para un uso eficaz y correcto de las redes sociales.
Методика оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов'язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями воєнного характеру
Authors: Kotsiuruba Volodymyr , Hannenko Svitlana
Published: December 2020

В статті розглянуто удосконалену методику оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов'язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями воєнного характеру.

На сьогоднішній час для оцінювання ефективності застосування різнорідних сил та засобів цивільного захисту застосовуються, в основному, евристичний та дослідно-теоретичний методи, які базуються на використанні деяких імовірнісних характеристик, розрахованих за допомогою аналітичних залежностей.

Вірний вибір показників та критерію є вирішальним, важливим і складним етапом під час удосконалення методики оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов’язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями. Вони залежать, перш за все, від змісту аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, наявність та склад сил та засобів, що залучаються до процесів підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, зокрема до забезпечення режим припинення вогню та гуманітарного розмінування, а також фізико-географічних, кліматичних характеристик та техногенного навантаження операційного району.

Аналіз особливостей функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт в умовах воєнного часу свідчить про необхідність розгляду питання щодо удосконалення методики оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, яка б врахувала особливості появи і накопичення обсягів завдань з розмінування, які потребують своєчасного вирішення.
Удосконалення часткової методики оптимізації маршруту перевезення матеріальних засобів
Authors: Hannenko Iurii
Published: December 2020

У статті на основі аналізу системи перевезення матеріальних засобів Збройних Сил України проведено дослідження стосовно удосконалення часткової методики оптимізації маршруту перевезення  матеріальних засобів Збройних Сил України.

На сьогодні існуючі методики носять частковий характер та не враховують нові чинники врахування раціональності та оптимізації маршруту руху, які в сучасних умовах значно впливають на ефективність системи перевезення матеріальних засобів.

Одним з основних завдань системи перевезення є своєчасність, повнота перевезення та мінімізація витрат, пов’язаних з доведенням матеріального потоку від первинного джерела (виробника, постачальника) до кінцевого споживача (підрозділу).

У дослідженні щодо оптимізації маршрутів перевезення матеріальних засобів визначається найкоротший шлях, що веде з джерела забезпечення до пункту призначення в зв’язній мережі при заданих відстанях, асоційованих з кожним ребром мережі.

Дослідження полягає у визначенні оптимального маршруту проходження по мережі між пунктами по пов’язаних з ними дорогах, з мінімальною загальною довжиною пройденого шляху із застосуванням методів мережевого планування.
Necrólise epidérmica tóxica desencadeada pelo uso de ibuprofeno em paciente com artrite reumatoide - relato de caso
Authors: Yoshii Janara Caroline Bertoli , Santos Fellipe Roncholeta dos , Carvalho Iága Souza Mendes de , Epifânio Estevão Araújo , Silva Marina Candido da , Palanca Felipe Marsili , Silva Jordana Belgamasco Cavalcanti da , Zanuzzo Gabriela , Schiave Giordana Doreto , Giustina Eduarda Gressler Della
Published: December 2020

A necrólise epidérmica tóxica (NET) é caracterizada por uma erupção mucocutânea generalizada com bolhas extensas e áreas de necrose epidérmica, assemelhando-se com o aspecto de um grande queimado. O acometimento da superfície corporal é maior que 30% na NET. Além disso, é uma afecção rara com incidência anual de 0,4 a 1,45 por milhão. Os medicamentos são os principais agentes etiológicos de SSJ e de NET, sendo responsáveis por 80% a 95% dos casos. O ibuprofeno é um antinflamatório não esteroidais (AINES) amplamente usado em nosso país e é uma opção terapêutica para artrite reumatoide. As complicações mais frequentes da NET são as oculares, sepse, ceratoconjuntivite, hiper e hipopigmentação da pele. O tratamento dessa afecção envolve a suspensão imediata do medicamento suspeito, cuidados gerais e medidas de suporte, uma vez que não existe um tratamento específico. O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de caso, de abordagem qualitativa e com fins descritivos. Com o objetivo de explanar o caso de uma paciente que fazia uso esporádico de ibuprofeno devido ao quadro recém diagnosticado de artrite reumatoide e desencadeou um episódio de NET, realizados tratamentos adequados com desfecho favorável. Concluimos que devido a NET ser uma grave doença com alta morbimortalidade, esta deve ser rapidamente diagnosticada, tratada adequadamente e com intensa vigilância.
Pengaruh Terpaan Media dan Daya Tarik Destinasi Wisata terhadap Minat Berwisata
Authors:   Sahid University Indonesia, Widaningsih T. Titi , Nugraheni Yuli ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Indonesia, Prananingrum E. Nugrahaeni ,   Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Rahayunianto Arry ,   Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Published: December 2020

The world has entered the industrial era 5.0, when all aspects of human life are controlled by information technology. Society is changing and moving fast with technology to achieve a more meaningful life. The tourism industry has also developed following the development of industry 5.0 which is marked by the full digitization of the tourism sector. The way tourists travel is changing. The tourists will start their journey by looking for or seeing a variety of information (look), then proceed with the second step, namely ordering a tour package that is of interest (book) and the next part is the final stage, which is paying online (pay). Communication technology has changed the behavior of the tourism market towards digital. Tourist behavior is increasingly mobile, personal and interactive. Tourists can easily get tourist information with the availability and easy access to communication networks. Media with various tourist information have an influence on tourists to travel. In addition to communication media, the attractiveness of tourist destinations also affects tourists' choice of visiting tourist destinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of media exposure and the attractiveness of tourist destinations on tourism interest. The research was conducted in the Betawi Cultural Tourism Area Setu Babakan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that media exposure and tourist attraction influenced the interest in visiting tourist destinations.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COTININE LEVEL IN URINE AND VITAMIN D IN THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Bakan Ayse Berivan , Uzun Naim , Arli Senay Karadag , Yıldız Metin
Published: December 2020

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is today acknowledged as a pandemic. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with many chronic diseases, including common cancers, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and infectious and autoimmune diseases.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the cotinine level in urine and Vitamin D.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive and relational screening design.  It was conducted with 74 smoking university students between January 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through socio-demographic form and Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Besides, the participating students’ blood and urine samples were taken in a suitable environment.

Results: The average age of the participating students was 21.50±2.09. Of all the students, 71.6% were males, 62.2% were exposed to the sun between 12 p.m. and 2 p.m., and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily was 13.52±8.22. The average Vitamin D level in blood was 32.4±15.3 (ng/mL), and the average cotinine level in urine was 1.60 ± .32 (ng/L). No statistically significant relationships were found between the Vitamin D level and the cotinine level (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Smoking causes diseases and death in many people, and it is a changeable risk factor.  Nursing practices on the struggle against smoking are effective. No significant relationships were found between the Vitamin D level in blood and cotinine level in urine. Similar studies are recommended to be conducted with larger groups and participants from different age groups.
Covid 19 Gadgets and Equipments for A Dental Clinic-An Overview and Update
Authors: Hariharan Ramakrishnan , Maniamuthu Ragupathi
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by a specific variant of corona virus family which had started in Wuhan province of China in December 2019 and became a pandemic now. This virus is of zoonotic origin and continued its spread through human-human transmission. One of the serious suspected route of transmission is through the droplets and also air which makes the dental professional highly vulnerable, who most commonly deal with saliva related treatments and to be therefore, more responsible in avoiding or reducing cross infection/ nosocomial infection. This literature overview provides the information about the current armamentarium and gadgets requirements in a dental clinic so as to enable practicing dentists to follow the preventive protocol recommended for COVID-19 recommended by various dental organisations.
Emission Analysis of LNG Fuelled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell System for a Chemical Tanker Ship: A Case Study
Authors: İNAL Ömer Berkehan , DENİZ Cengiz
Published: December 2020

﻿Since sea transportation is one of the sources of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, so restrictive regulations are entering into force by the International Maritime Organisation to cope with the ship sourced emissions. Alternative energy generating systems are one of the key concepts and fuel cells can be one of the solutions for the future of the shipping industry by their fewer hazardous emissions compared to diesel engines. In this perspective, a Liquefied Natural Gas using molten carbonate fuel cell is evaluated instead of a conventional marine diesel engine for a chemical tanker ship. As a case study, the real navigation data for a tanker is gathered from the shipping company for the 27 voyages in 2018. Emissions are calculated respecting fuel types (marine diesel oil and heavy fuel oil) and designated Emission Control Areas for both diesel engine and fuel cell systems. The results show that more than 99% reduction in SOx, PM, and NOx emissions and a 33% reduction in CO2 emissions can be reached by the fuel cell system. At last, fuel cells seem very promising technologies especially for limited powered vessels under 5 MW for propulsion to use as main engines by complying with current and new coming emission limitations on the way of emission free shipping.
Covid-19 and Socioeconomic Crises in Africa: Overview of the Prevailing Incidents
Authors: Fagbemi Fisayo , Asongu Simplice
Published: December 2020

The study gives an overview of the socio-economic consequences and implications of the COVID-19 outbreak in Africa. While it is of common knowledge that the damage caused by the pandemic to the global economy is real, the existing socio-economic crises in Africa could further degenerate. What remains salient is that the huge economic costs would be borne by regions bereft of strong institutional regulatory setup and proactive approach to effectively ameliorate the impact of the outbreak, in both short-run and long-run, to bounce back in relation to the magnitude of the shocks suffered. It is indeed affirmed that in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such resilient measures seem to be absent or non-existent. Given the degree of behavioral responses and attendant vulnerabilities generated, African socio-economic problems may be potentially exacerbated with the majority of the population face severe hardships in the continent.
Complex Interactions Between Membrane-Bound Organelles, Biomolecular Condensates and the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Koppers Max , Özkan Nazmiye , Farías Ginny G.
Published: December 2020

Membrane-bound and membraneless organelles/biomolecular condensates ensure compartmentalization into functionally distinct units enabling proper organization of cellular processes. Membrane-bound organelles form dynamic contacts with each other to enable the exchange of molecules and to regulate organelle division and positioning in coordination with the cytoskeleton. Crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and dynamic membrane-bound organelles has more recently also been found to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Interestingly, recent work has revealed that, in addition, the cytoskeleton and membrane-bound organelles interact with cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates. The extent and relevance of these complex interactions are just beginning to emerge but may be important for cytoskeletal organization and organelle transport and remodeling. In this review, we highlight these emerging functions and emphasize the complex interplay of the cytoskeleton with these organelles. The crosstalk between membrane-bound organelles, biomolecular condensates and the cytoskeleton in highly polarized cells such as neurons could play essential roles in neuronal development, function and maintenance.
Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of Microvascular Decompression in Patients With Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Wu Guangyong , Xiang Hui , Liu Ruen , Li Fang , Hei Bo , Qian Weiqiang , Song Haidong , Liu Zhi
Published: December 2020

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the experience of microvascular decompression (MVD) in the treatment of such patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data, imaging examination results, surgical methods, and treatment efficacies in 127 patients with recurrent typical TN from January 2005 to December 2014.

Results: The age of the recurrent group was higher than that of the non-recurrent group (p < 0.05). The duration of pain before the first MVD procedure was longer in the recurrent group than in the non-recurrent group (p < 0.05). Patients in the recurrent group were more likely to have compression of the trigeminal nerve by the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) or multiple vessels than patients in the non-recurrent group (p < 0.05). A Kaplan–Meier curve showed a median pain-free survival of 12 months after the first MVD procedure. The severity of pain (preoperative visual analog scale [VAS] score) in patients with recurrence was lower than that in patients with first-onset TN (p < 0.05). Vessel compression, Teflon compression or granuloma and arachnoid adhesion were considered the main causes of recurrence. Postoperative Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scores in the redo MVD group were excellent (T = 2) for 69 patients (53.33%) and good (T = 3) for 46 patients (36.22%). The postoperative follow-up was 63–167 months (105.92 ± 25.66). During the follow-up, no recurrence was noted. All complications were cured or improved.

Conclusions: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective surgical method for the treatment of TN. For recurrent patients, reoperation can achieve good results.
Multi-Stage Cortical Plasticity Induced by Visual Contrast Learning
Authors: Xi Jie , Zhang Pan , Jia Wu-Li , Chen Nihong , Yang Jia , Wang Ge-Tong , Dai Yun , Zhang Yudong , Huang Chang-Bing
Published: December 2020

Perceptual learning, the improved sensitivity via repetitive practice, is a universal phenomenon in vision and its neural mechanisms remain controversial. A central question is which stage of processing is changed after training. To answer this question, we measured the contrast response functions and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after ten daily sessions of contrast detection training. Behavioral results showed that training substantially improved visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The learning effect was significant at the trained condition and partially transferred to control conditions. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that training reduced the latency in both early and late ERPs at the trained condition. Specifically, contrast-gain-related changes were observed in the latency of P1, N1-P2 complex, and N2, which reflects neural changes across the early, middle, and high-level sensory stages. Meanwhile, response-gain-related changes were found in the latency of N2, which indicates stimulus-independent effect in higher-level stages. In sum, our findings indicate that learning leads to changes across different processing stages and the extent of learning and transfer may depend on the specific stage of information processing.