bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GABAergic Psychoactive Substance-Induced Delirium: Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Tomašić Lea , Kovačić Petrović Zrnka
Published: June 2023

Psychoactive substance-induced delirium is delirium which occurs during or immediate after psychoactive substance intoxication, withdrawal or during the use of specific psychoactive substance. It is characterized by sudden onset of disturbed consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, changed psychomotor activity, insomnia, acute memory impairment, violent, and bizarre behaviour. The most commonly abused psychoactive substances which may induce delirium are those acting on the major inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (alcohol, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, and gammahydroxybutyrate- GHB. Psychoactive substance-induced delirium may have hyperactive, hypoactive or mixed clinical presentation. Treatment of delirium induced by psychoactive substances is carried out with antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and sedatives, but each of the listed abused psychoactive substances has its own treatment peculiarities. This narrative literature review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of delirium induced by intoxication and withdrawal from GABAergic psychoactive substances. The paper summarizes well-known knowledge with the latest research in psychoactive substances-induced delirium.
Challenges of the Social Workers in the Field of Discharge Planning and Promotion of Patients’ Right to Self-Determination - a Case Report
Authors: Balaž Gilja Andreja
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper was to show the challenges of the social worker in the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka in the process of planned discharge and at the same time promoting the right to self-determination of an elderly patient with impaired functioning who has no close family members. The paper presents the tasks of a social worker in the pro- cess of planned discharge, which range from targeted and short analyzes of specific needs, to comprehensive psychosocial assessments and risk assessments of a whole range of social and psychological needs, strengths and stressors. The challenges that were imposed and ultimately overcome were the patient’s lack of social support, different perceptions of the problem and insufficiently transparent communication between stakeholders, the patient’s weakened social capital and physical disability. Therefore, the presentation of the case shows the importance of direct mutual communication of all the mentioned stakeholders, timely exchange and transparency of information. Although, the primary and most important thing is to respect the voice of the patient and enable him to shape the vision of his future life, in accordance with the resources available to him.
Craving as a Nexus Of Gaming Disorder, its Assessment Scarcity and Role in Therapy Response: a Case Series
Authors: Siste Kristiana , Hanafi Enjeline , Thung Sen Lee , Adrian Adrian , Sieto Novia Lauren
Published: June 2023

Gaming disorder (GD) is a recently recognized mental health disorder and has been garnering international attention. It shares core concepts with other addiction disorders and arguably the craving criterion. Craving has been well studied in substance and gambling addiction, with specific instruments for more objective measurement and distinctive contextual variables pertaining the craving. We present, for the first time, a series of four cases from the Indonesian national addiction clinic that demonstrated certain levels of craving might impede therapeutics response, the difficulty in assessing craving level on distinct scenarios, and the various variables influencing craving. The first two cases displayed low improvement and poorer prognosis compared to the two latter cases. Overall, these cases posited a great need of focus to measure, monitor, and manage craving among GD patients.
Severe Isolated Cognitive Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis - Indication for High Efficacy Therapy?
Authors: Mioč Marina , Barun Barbara , Boban Marina , Ozretić David , Habek Mario
Published: June 2023

Isolated cognitive relapses (ICRs) are transient deficits in cognitive performance that are not accompanied with other symptoms typical for multiple sclerosis (MS). They are often missed and can lead to long-term cognitive decline. Considering possible devastating consequences of cognitive impairment, especially in working adults, and high economic burden of MS, it is of great importance to establish whether ICRs are sufficient to start with high efficacy therapy. 42-year- old women with a recent diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis developed significant impairment in almost all cognitive domains, with dominant difficulties in naming and low performance in phonemic fluency tasks, consistent with ICR. Her brain MRI showed new lesions affecting the anterior part of the thalamus and her condition partially improved on intravenous corticosteroid therapy. While waiting the disease-modifying therapy to begin, for what was now highly active MS, she developed subarachnoid haemorrhage which further narrowed the treatment options. This case illustrates the complexity of managing patients with MS and ICRs in at least three aspects. Firstly, the lack of uniform definition resulting in diagnostic delay of highly active MS and ICRs. Secondly, optimal treatment choices are often limited due to safety issues and reimbursement reasons. And thirdly, there is still an open question about the right treatment option for ICRs, so more research is needed.
“Maniac” and “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend”: A Novel Adaptation of Two TV Series for Classroom Undergraduate Psychiatry Education in an Age of COVID-19 Social Distancing
Authors: Tze Ping Pang Nicholas , Boon Yau Koh Eugene
Published: June 2023

Aim: Psychiatry has traditionally been taught bedside. Multiple ethical and logistics issues preclude use of certain patient groups, and in the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is the additional obstacle of not being able to access bedside patients. There is utility in using new media, e.g., television and movies, in psychiatry education. Methods: “Maniac” and “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend”, both available on Netflix, were used in an undergraduate psychiatry module to illustrate clinical lessons regarding schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder respectively. Results: “Maniac” was helpful in illustrating subtle changes in affect, occupational and social dysfunction, and showcasing disrupted family dynamics and distress from experiencing hallucinations and delusions. “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend” was instructional in crystallising psychopathology of borderline personality disorder and providing more nuanced, less cross-sectional views of psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Even though television and movies will and should not replace face-to-face bedside teaching as a primary mode of education, they are an adjunct to stimulate discussion and observe psychopathologies that are ethically difficult to capture. Both of them can be used judiciously in the current COVID-19 pandemic as bedside teaching substitutes.
Development Model of Family Empowerment and Peer Group Support in Independence of Caring on Indonesian’s Migrant Worker (TKI) Infected by HIV
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , Yusuf Ah. , Widyawati Ika Yuni , Asmoro Candra Panji
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or damaging the function of cells of the immune system. This makes the immune system becomes weaker, and people become more liable to infection. A lot of new detected HIV transmission source comes from former workers who work abroad. The challenge in dealing the number of transmission performed comprehensive care of patients and their family empowerment and peer support groups. The aimed of this study was to develop the ability of a family of Indonesian Workers who are infected with HIV and Peer Support Group in independence of care.Methods: This study was used an explanatory design and quasy-experimental. Population in this study were the closest family who care for patients infected with HIV during work abroad as migrant workers in East Java. Samples were selected using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the peer group and family support, the dependent variable is the level of independence of care on the respondent. Data were collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and results were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with alpha ≤0.05. Results: The results showed that this method can improve the independence of the family of the HIV-infected client care during labor as migrant workers abroad with a significance value of p=0.004.Conclusion: Empowerment of family and peer group support can be used to increase the independence of families and patients in the treatment of HIV-infected patients during work abroad as migrant workers. Future studies are expected to use a larger sample.
Improving Self Empowerment And Quality Of Life Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With DEE Based On Health Promotion Model
Authors: Nuari Nian Afrian , Kartikasari Melani
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires individual ability of patients to adhere treatment of the disease recommended by doctors. Patient should be able to manage the diabetes to prevent complications by maximizing existing aspects within themselves to determine the best option available. The purpose the study was to analyze the effect of diabetes empowerment education to self empowerment and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM at the Puskesmas Bendo Kediri.Method: This study used quasy experiment design with non randomized control group pretest posttest design. Total sampel was 32 respondents divided into control group and experiment group, sample  recruited by purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire with DES (Diabetes Empowerment Scale) and DQoL (Diabetes Quality of Life). Data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign rank test and Mann Whitney with level of significance of 0,05. Result: The results showed that there was a differences in self empowerment and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM after intervention. Mann Whitney analysis result`s showed that there are differences in self empowerment between control and experiment groups (p = 0,029) and there was a difference in the quality of life between control and experiment groups (p = 0,022). It can be referred from it that DEE influences self empowerment and quality of life of type 2 DM patients. Discussion: It can be concluded that diabetes empowerment education increasing selfempowerment and quality of life of patients with DM type 2. Further studies should using  more objective parameters such as changes in blood sugar levels, hemoglobin A1C values to evaluate the effect of diabetes empowerment education on self-empowerment and quality of life of patients with DM.
Extracellular vesicles: cross-organismal RNA trafficking in plants, microbes, and mammalian cells
Authors: Cai Qiang , Halilovic Lida , Shi Ting , Chen Angela , He Baoye , Wu Huaitong , Jin Hailing
Published: June 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanometer-scale particles that transport biological materials such as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. EVs have been discovered in nearly all kingdoms of life as a form of cellular communication across different cells and between interacting organisms. EV research has primarily focused on EV-mediated intra-organismal transport in mammals, which has led to the characterization of a plethora of EV contents from diverse cell types with distinct and impactful physiological effects. In contrast, research into EV-mediated transport in plants has focused on inter-organismal interactions between plants and interacting microbes. However, the overall molecular content and functions of plant and microbial EVs remain largely unknown. Recent studies into the plant-pathogen interface have demonstrated that plants produce and secrete EVs that transport small RNAs into pathogen cells to silence virulence-related genes. Plant-interacting microbes such as bacteria and fungi also secrete EVs which transport proteins, metabolites, and potentially RNAs into plant cells to enhance their virulence. This review will focus on recent advances in EV-mediated communications in plant-pathogen interactions compared to the current state of knowledge of mammalian EV capabilities and highlight the role of EVs in cross-kingdom RNA interference.
LIFE VALUES OF MANGGARAI PEOPLE AS REFLECTED IN THE ORAL TRADITION GO’ET
Authors: Salahuddin Salahuddin
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the philosophical life values of the Manggarai people in Western Flores, which are reflected in the proverbs of the Manggarai language (Go'et). Go'et is an oral literature that contains the values that govern the life of the Manggarai people. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach design involving semantics theory to interpret the meaning of Go'et. The data in this study were obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with one of the Manggarai community leaders with the initials AW (52) and secondary data available on the Manggarai Nuca Lale website. The data obtained were then validated using the Indonesian-Mangarai dictionary to find samples that fit this study. Nine data are relevant to the scope of this study based on the results of data collection that have been done. From the data found, the researcher concluded that there are three central values in go'et which contain advice and instructions for living a life under the norms that apply to the Manggarai community, such as unity, Manners and Wisdom, and passion and hard work. These findings are consistent with the fact that the Manggarai people uphold the values of unity, cooperation, and harmony among community members.
CONSTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR'S PERENNIAL PHILOSOPHY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Saumantri Theguh
Published: June 2023

In essence, religion is a form of human expression concerning spiritual experience and the relationship with the Divine. In this regard, religion can be a source of strength and inspiration for individuals and communities to live a meaningful life. However, in the context of rapid globalization and modernization, conflicts and tensions often arise between different religious groups. In the context of religious moderation, the idea of perennial philosophy is used to understand religious pluralism. This research aims to explicate the ideas of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's perennial philosophy towards the plural religious reality and to use his thoughts in building an understanding of religious moderation. This research uses a literature review method with a philosophical approach that aims to understand the thoughts or theories of a figure. The results of this study explain the importance of understanding universal religious values in building harmony in practicing religion and establishing inter-religious dialogues to reduce conflict and promote peace among different religious followers. Thus, the construction of religious moderation from the perspective of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's philosophy can bring peace and harmony to a society that is becoming increasingly pluralistic and complex. Nasr also emphasizes the importance of maintaining fundamental spiritual and moral values in religions as an effort to avoid fundamentalism and extremism.
A THEMATIC STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE AND METHODOLOGY ON ESCHATOLOGY BASED ON THE AL-QUR’AN AND AL-HADITH TEXT
Authors: Rizal Hidayat Muhammad , Izdiyan Muttaqin Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Eschatology is the study of things that exist in life after death (akhirah). The law of studying eschatology is mandatory for every Muslim because its substance concerns the fifth pillar of faith, namely faith on judgment day. The concept and implementation of eschatology studies looked simply, but its impact is not small in daily life. Eschatology has lost its existence in modern science because the depth of its meaning has not been adequately revealed through research methodology. This research aims to explore the substance and meaning of eschatology through a philosophy of science and methodology. The common thread between this research and previous research is that eschatology still boils down to evidence that the judgment day and the resurrection day do exist, and Allah is the only God of the universe. The main sources for writing these thematic studies are the Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith texts. The research method is a qualitative method. The interdisciplinary study of the philosophy of science and methodology involves aspects like axiology, ontology, and epistemology. The result is that the depth of eschatology meaning has been comprehensively revealed.
PHILOSOPHICAL MESSAGES IN TUHAN MAHA ASYIK NOVEL FOR RELIGIOUS INCLUSIVITY
Authors: Ulya Ulya
Published: June 2023

In Indonesia, there has been a religious trend that emphasizes formality and exclusivity. As a result, conflicts among religious communities or groups within a particular religion are often unavoidable. This case certainly requires solutions, including intellectual solutions. This article explores the philosophical messages of the novel, Tuhan Maha Asyik (God is Fun),  written by Sujiwo Tejo and MN. Kamba: contribution to their thought is related to religious attitudes; to get the pre-structure that influences their thought. This article is literature-based research with a hermeneutic approach. The main data source is the novel above, while data collection is done through documentation. The data analysis used is the Verstehen technique. The result shows that according to the novel, worshipping God and practicing His teachings should be based on love, doing good to fellow human beings, and not acting in the name of God to judge others; the ideas contribute to educating the mind and attitude of readers to develop inclusivity in religious life; the ideas are built by authors’ educational background, their life, and their religious tradition which ultimately influence their perspective and concept in understanding the issues of divinity and religiosity. This idea is one of the cultural capitals that needs to be internalized in Indonesian society, especially, to strengthen religious moderation and achieve harmonization in diverse lives.
MULLĀ ṢADRĀ'S CRITICISM OF REINCARNATION
Authors: Walid Kholid Al
Published: June 2023

The concept of reincarnation is believed to be the rebirth of humans in the world as a form of part of their life journey in accordance with their actions during life with various forms of reincarnation—including being able to be reborn as humans or animals. This article aims to discuss Mullā Ṣadrā’s eschatological thoughts, especially his criticism of the concept of reincarnation which has been believed by Hindus and Buddhists. Reincarnation is a topic of discussion for philosophers including Islamic philosophers in discussing the spirit, soul, body, death, and resurrection. Ṣadrā’s rejection of the concept of reincarnation is found in one of his main works entitled al-Asfār al-Arba‘ah. By using analytical and descriptive methods, it was concluded that Mullā Ṣadrā rejected the concept of reincarnation with his five philosophical arguments, including the natural unity argument, the material and form needs argument, Kawn and Fasād’s argument, the vacuum argument, and the argument with five premises. These philosophical arguments are based on Ṣadrā’s main philosophical principle, namely the substantial movement of the soul. Even though he rejects the concept of reincarnation, Ṣadrā still believes in the resurrection of the soul and body after death, which will continue the journey towards the highest perfection in the afterlife.
Predict Farmer Exchange Rate in the Food Crop Sector Using Principal Component Regression
Authors: Effendi Melody , Ardhyatirta Ricardo , Angelina Sheila Gracia , Ohyver Margaretha
Published: June 2023

Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) in Indonesia is very concerning. According to BPS data, there are various regions that experience increases and decreases every year. The goal of this paper is to predict Farmer Exchange Rate in the food crop sector using Principal Component Regression (PCR) since there is multicollinearity in the data. Therefore, with the PCR method using data based on 33 different provinces in Indonesia can determine the Farmer Exchange Rate with supporting factors. The model used can help farmers to be able to improve the welfare and economic growth of Indonesia as it depends on farmers. Further analysis found that the Harvest Area, production, and Human Development Index had an effect on farmer exchange rate. By using this model, it is expected that farmers in Indonesia have an increasing level of welfare and solve multicollinearity problem.
Feasibility Analysis of Smart Wheelchairs Based on Voice Recognition for People with Disability
Authors: Fathanah Muntasir Nurul , Muhammad Risafli Raif  , Rahmat Hermawan  , Muh. Anshar
Published: June 2023

Technological developments have accelerated the advancement of assistive technology, hence increasing human life feasibility. One of which is smart wheelchairs with a voice recognition to facilitate people with disability. However, from various smart wheelchair developments, there have been no detailed test results related to the efficiency analysis, the feasibility of the voice recognition feature on the smart wheelchair, and the satisfaction of users in using it. In this study, observations were conducted using a simple regression method, and test user satisfaction using the USE questionnaire. Based on calculation results, the learnability score was 78.81%, indicating that the wheelchair was easy to understand. The efficiency score was 85%, meaning that users found it easy to carry out their daily activities. The memorability score was 85%, indicating that it was easy to remember. The error score was 77.38%, meaning that smart wheelchairs were easy to use. The satisfaction score was 88.57%, meaning that the users felt very comfortable. The conclusion is users are satisfied with smart wheelchairs using voice recognition, meaning that it provides feasible use for a variety of people with disability. The results can be used as a foundation in continuing the development of technological features in smart wheelchairs.
Remote Sensing-Based Revegetation Assessment at Post-Closure Mine Sites in Canada
Authors: Gordon Sam , Xu Xiaoyong , Wang Yanyu
Published: June 2023

The environmental legacy of post-closure mine sites poses a significant risk to the sustainability of mining operations and natural resource development. This study aims to advance the understanding of sustainable mine site reclamation behavior in Canada by using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images to examine the long-term land cover changes at post-closure mine sites. Six representative post-closure mine sites were selected for the evaluation and comparison. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis, Landsat image classification, post-classification change detection, and Regrowth Index (RI) analysis were conducted to assess the speed and extent of landscape and vegetation recovery at the target mine sites. A significant vegetation recovery was quantified for the mine sites that have experienced active reclamation activities. In contrast, the post-closure mine area undergoing only the passive revegetation typically demonstrated a slow and minor increase in vegetation over time. The actively revegetated mine sites can typically be restored to a level that equals or better than the pre-mining situation. This work confirms that active reclamation and revegetation at post-closure mine sites is critically important in sustainable mining. The quantified mine site reclamation behavior and the relevant sustainable practices would be useful for evidence-based sustainable resource management in Canada.
Pulsation Measurement on Stator Side for Turbo Charger Turbine Blade Vibration Monitoring - Effect of Mistuning and Blade Passing Frequencies on Integral Mode Blade Vibration Detections
Authors: Ando Takashi
Published: June 2023

For engines operating with heavy fuel oil (HFO), the nozzle rings of the turbocharger turbines are prone to severe degradation in terms of contamination with unburned fuel deposits. This contamination may lead to increased excitation of blade resonances. A previous study provides technical guidelines on how to extract the relevant information from the pulsation spectra by means of a single probe installed away from the turbine trailing edge and some sound experimental proofs of integral mode turbine vibration detection. These theoretical discussions only allude to the effects of mistuning and interferences due to classical blade passing frequencies on sound radiation patterns emitted by integral blade vibration modes. In this paper, both effects are thoroughly discussed. Combining the knowledge of theoretical study and further experimental results, the application range of this blade vibration detection method can be remarkably extended.
Adsorption Air Conditioning for Automotive Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Vasta Salvatore
Published: June 2023

The automotive industry is continuously seeking innovative solutions to improve the energy efficiency and sustainability of vehicles. Among the various energy-consuming systems in automobiles, air conditioning plays a crucial role. However, conventional vapour compression-based air conditioning systems are known for their high energy consumption and environmental impact. In recent years, adsorption technology has gained significant attention as a promising alternative due to its potential for higher energy efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of advancements in adsorption air conditioning technology specifically designed for automotive applications. The paper examines the recent research and development efforts in enhancing the performance and practicality of these systems, encompassing areas such as advanced materials selection, and system integration strategies.
Furthermore, this review highlights the benefits and challenges associated with implementing adsorption air conditioning systems in vehicles. The environmental impact and potential for waste heat recovery are also discussed. Additionally, emerging trends, such as hybridization with conventional vapour compression systems, are explored to further optimize the energy efficiency and sustainability of automotive air conditioning. By critically evaluating the existing literature and research advancements, this review provides insights into the state-of-the-art thermally driven technologies for automotive applications.
Optimal Design of Bubble Deck Concrete Slabs: Serviceability Limit State
Authors: Gajewski Tomasz , Staszak Natalia , Garbowski Tomasz
Published: June 2023

In engineering practice, one can often encounter issues related to optimization where the goal is to minimize material consumption, minimize stresses or deflections of the structure. In most cases, these issues are addressed with finite element analysis software and simple optimization algorithms. However, in the case of optimization of certain structures, it is not co straightforward. An example of such constructions are bubble deck ceilings, where in order to reduce the dead weight, air cavities are used, which are regularly arranged over the entire surface of the ceiling. In the case of these slabs, the flexural stiffness is not constant in all its cross-sections, which means that the use of structural finite elements (plate or shell) for static calculations is not possible, and therefore the optimization process becomes more difficult. The paper presents a minimization procedure of the weight of bubble deck slabs using numerical homogenization and sequential quadratic programming with constraints. Homogenization allows to determine the effective stiffnesses of the floor, which in the next step are sequentially corrected by changing the geometrical parameters of the floor and voids in order to achieve the assumed deflection. The presented procedure allows to minimize the use of material in a quick and effective way by automatically determining the optimal parameters describing the geometry of the bubble deck floor cross-section.
A Concise Review of Single-Molecule Magnets, Carbon Nanotubes and Hybrids Between Them
Authors: Yatoo Mudasir A , Habib Faiza , Husain Ahmad , Ahmad Sharique , Ahmad Zubair
Published: June 2023

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have garnered significant interest in the field of molecular magnetism due to their unique magnetic properties at the nanoscale. These molecular systems exhibit magnetisation behaviour reminiscent of conventional bulk magnets but with distinct advantages such as size-dependent properties and potential applications in quantum computing and high-density data storage. However, challenges remain in harnessing their properties for practical applications, including their susceptibility to degradation and limited control over their assembly and organisation.
On the construction of relativistic hydrodynamic equations in curved space-time written in abstract geometrical notations
Authors: Kolesnichenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a macroscopic derivation of the system of equations of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics in an abstract geometrical form, which does not depend on the chosen space-time coordinates and reduces to equations valid in both flat and curved space-time. The above procedure, serving as a link between the non-gravitational laws of physics and gravitation, is based on Einstein's equivalence principle which guarantees that the laws of physics written in abstract geometrical representation have the same form both in flat and curved spacetime. A modern formulation of relativistic hydrodynamics based on both classical nonequilibrium thermodynamics (first-order theory) and expanded irreversible thermodynamics (second-order theory) is proposed. The theory presented has both purely conceptual and applied significance. In particular, this theory has applications in such important fields of knowledge as nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology. For example, in viscous cosmological models, bulk viscosity acts as a cause of dissipation, which has a significant impact on the processes in the Universe.
KAJIAN TERHADAP FUNDAMENTAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN HOLY SEE AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL 1993 DALAM HAL KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DI ISRAEL
Authors: Azizah Dinda Noor
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jaminan hukum terhadap hak kebebasan beragama di israel berdasarkan Fundamental Agreement. Pertanyaan tersebut akan dijawab berdasarkan analisis sederhana terhadap pasal pasal yang terkandung dalam fundamental agreement dengan kesesuaian terhadap konsep hak kebebasan beragama yang terdapat dalam prinsip prinsip hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. Sumber penelitian ini adalah, fundamental agreement, konvensi internasional, doktrin, hukum hak asasi manusia internasional dan penelitian hukum yang telah ada sebelumnya. Sumber hukum dikumpulkan dengan cara melakukan studi literatur yang kemudian dianalisis secara logis sistematis dan yuridis. Hasil penelitian hukum ini menunjukkan bahwa jaminan terhadap hak kebebasan beragama di israel berdasarkan fundamental agreement telah sesuai dan memuat prinsip yang terdapat dalam prinsip dasar hak asasi manusia dan inti normatif dalam hak kebebasan beragama.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN TOBACCO PLAIN PACKAGING ACT 2011 DI AUSTRALIA TERHADAP INVESTOR PRODUK TEMBAKAU
Authors: Angelia Ika Ratih
Published: June 2023

Permasalahan tembakau di Australia merupakan penyebab kematian dan penyakit yang tertinggi di Australia. Sehingga pemerintah Australia melakukan strategi untuk menurunkan jumlah perokok melalui penerapan Tobacco Plain Packaging Act (TPP Act) 2011. Namun, dalam permberlakuan TPP Act 2011 ini, Australia tidak memerhatikan kepentingan investor yang mengakibatkan pelanggaran beberapa ketentuan Hukum Internasional yaitu The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1883 dan Trade Related Aspect of Intelectual Property Right (TRIPS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, yang kemudian bahan-bahan ini dianalisis dan ditarik kesimpulan dari analisis bahan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TPP Act 2011 yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Australia mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan antara rezim Hukum Lingkungan Internasional dan Hukum Investasi Internasional. Karena pemerintah Australia dinilai tidak adil dan melakukan diskriminasi terhadap investor produk tembakau.
Toward a Prosperous Future Where Humans and Robots Cooperate
Authors: Iwai Masayo , Haruna Masaki , Tanikawa Tamio
Published: June 2023

Based on the roadmap formulated by “Consortium for Human-Centric Manufacturing Innovation” (here-in after referred to as HCMI Consortium) of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, an industry-academia-government collaborative platform launched on April 10, 2019, this paper introduces initiatives and future prospects for human-centric robotics that collaborate with humans and human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system to support future industrial infrastructure for a sustainable and prosperous society. In particular, in cooperation with humans, it is important to understand the behavior of workers. For this purpose, it is important to have a fundamental technology that can represent models of human in cyber-physical systems and simulate the relationship between human and machines. Based on this fundamental technology, we are proceeding with demonstrations in various use cases.
Motor Characteristics of Human Adaptations to External Assistive Forces
Authors: Yeoh Wen Liang , Choi Jeewon , Loh Ping Yeap , Fukuda Osamu , Muraki Satoshi
Published: June 2023

Technology advancement has enabled the development of robotic exoskeletons that are portable, powerful, and sufficiently smart to be of practical use in the real world. These devices provide partial assistive forces that increase their user’s physical strength to better meet the demands of everyday life and have potential applications in various settings. Examples include helping older adults maintain their independence and preventing musculoskeletal injuries among factory workers. Although great strides have been made to improve the performance and usability of these devices, human characteristics and the way humans adapt to the external assistive forces from these devices are rarely explicitly considered in their development. A common assumption is that if the provided assistive forces are aligned with the intent of users, users can easily “switch off” their muscles and effectively utilize this assistive force. In this review, we demonstrate that human adaptations to external assistive forces can lead to inefficiencies or conflicts that decrease the effectiveness of robotic exoskeletons. We then discuss the motor characteristics of human adaptations to external assistive forces.
Development of Ankle-Joint Rehabilitation Device for Bedridden Patient Using Fan-Shaped Pneumatic Soft Actuator Driven at Low Pressure
Authors: Shimooka So , Suzuki Rui , Uehara Takenori , Hirayama Takahiro , Gofuku Akio
Published: June 2023

Recently, the number of older people and the reduction in infant birth rates in Japan have increased. Elderly against the younger increased to more than 28.9% in 2020. According to the Japanese aging society, a welfare pneumatic device to rehabilitate the temporally injured elderly and the disabled has been actively researched and developed. However, the developed rehabilitation device is almost always used for a patient who is not bedridden. Therefore, the joint of a bedridden patient is given only a passive exercise, by a physical therapist (PT). In this study, in order to reduce the burden of PTs, we aim to develop a rehabilitation device that can be used by anyone assisting the bedridden patient. The target joint was decided to be an ankle-joint because it is difficult for patients with contractions to walk. Therefore, a fan-shaped pneumatic soft actuator (FPSA) using a no-stretch hose with weaved bellows and silicone rubber string was proposed and tested. In addition, the characteristics of FPSA with different pitches and lengths are measured. To predict the bending angle of FPSA, a simplified shape analytical model of it is proposed. It can be confirmed that a calculated bending angle of FPSA using the model generally agrees with the experimental result. The proposed analytical model is a first-stage model that does not include the influence of external forces on FPSA. The ankle-joint rehabilitation device using FPSAs is proposed and tested, where an ankle-joint is changed from a plantarflexion to a dorsiflexion motion by pressurizing both FPSAs on the tested device. And it can be confirmed that a range of motion (“ROM” for short) is satisfied in an inversion and eversion driven by operating one or another FPSA on the device.
Stair-Climbing Training System Using Visual VR Display for Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Kurita Yuichi , Okumura Takumi , Imai Ryota , Nishigami Tomohiko , Tanaka So , Taniguchi Takanori
Published: June 2023

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the primary treatment for knee osteoarthritis. However, TKA is highly likely to result in prolonged chronic postoperative pain. The one-foot-one-step walking style is likely to induce fear of movement because of pain, leading to catastrophic thinking about the actual activity and consequently limiting movement. The aim of this study is to develop a system to induce the sensation of stair climbing through the interaction of the visual and kinesthetic senses. By controlling the amount of movement of the foot and the point of view in virtual space, the system can present a visual image of stair climbing even when the patient steps in a fixed position. This system enables easy motor imagery intervention even for early postoperative patients who have difficulty with the actual stair climbing movement. The clinical intervention experiment confirmed that the smoothness of the knee joint motion during descent was improved by intervening with motor imagery during stair ascent and descent for TKA patients.
Application of Noncircular Pulleys to Straight-Fiber-Type Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Manipulator
Authors: Tanaka Riku , Abe Teppei , Tomori Hiroki
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a method for improving the performance of a manipulator driven by pneumatic artificial muscles. Although the straight-fiber-type pneumatic artificial muscle (SF-PAM), a kind of pneumatic artificial muscle, is lightweight and exhibits high contractile force and contraction percentage, its contractile force decreases as contraction increases. To compensate for the decrease in the SF-PAM contractile force, we developed a noncircular pulley and integrated it into the manipulator driven by a wire pulley mechanism. Because this noncircular pulley is designed in accordance with the output characteristics of SF-PAM, the contraction force of SF-PAM can be converted into manipulator torque efficiently. In addition, the radius of the noncircular pulley is expressed as a function, which can be incorporated into a numerical model for the manipulator’s controller. Subsequently, simulation and experimentation to verify the proposed method showed that, when using the same actuator, the manipulator with a noncircular pulley can optimize both output torque and range of motion better than that with a conventional circular pulley. However, a few differences between simulation results and experimental results were observed. These differences were caused by SF-PAM stretching which was not considered in the model. This drawback can be overcome by improving the SF-PAM and the numerical model in future studies. We believe that this study will provide designers of robots that coexist with humans with a high degree of freedom.
Design of an Extremely Lightweight Soft Actuator on a Pneumatic Corset for Support Lumbar Burden
Authors: Nishioka Yasutaka , Nishihara Masahiro , Yasuda Toshihiko , Yamano Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2023

In the case of the treatment of low back pain, the lumbar corset which is the orthotic therapy is mainly used. However, there is a problem that the trunk muscle group is not used continuously by wearing the conventional lumbar corset for a long time, and muscle decline may occur. In this research, we propose an intelligent pneumatic corset that detects the forward bending posture with a sensor and automatically drives the soft actuator according to the attitude angle. It detects a forward-leaning posture in which the burden on the lumbar region increases, and automatically pressurizes the soft actuator. And, in the corset developed so far, the effect of supporting the muscle of the lumbar region was expected by compressing the abdomen and increasing abdominal pressure. In this paper, the operation support method by the restorative force when the soft actuator is deformed and the design of the intelligent pneumatic corset with built-in them are described.
Advanced Musical Saw Manipulation by an Industrial Cooperative Humanoid Robot with Passive Sound Feedback
Authors: Hanai Hiroaki , Miura Atsuyuki , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: June 2023

In recent years, collaborative robots able to work together with humans have become widespread in production sites and factory automation fields. In this context, the goal is to provide a production site where cooperative robots can share various types of tools with humans. However, we have not yet reached the point where collaborative robots and humans can share tools for advanced skills. Therefore, it is very important to investigate how a collaborative robot can control advanced tools requiring human skills and the processes for realizing such control. Musical instruments are some of the most difficult tools to handle. It is important to focus on musical instruments because they allow us to evaluate the robot’s manipulation not only by evaluating its movements, but also by evaluating the resultant sound. In this study, we consider a flexible and large deformable musical saw as an unknown and advanced tool difficult for humans to manipulate. In a previous report, a support method for imitating a human was adopted and provided manipulation control based on striking sound feedback using a cooperative humanoid robot. In the present paper, the support method is improved at the tip of the musical saw to realize an advanced wrist motion. In addition, we discuss skillful manipulations based on striking sound feedback control while considering the positions and postures between the collaborative humanoid robot and musical saw.
Development of a Gaze-Driven Electric Wheelchair with 360° Camera and Novel Gaze Interface
Authors: Kawata Junji , Morimoto Jiro , Kaji Yoshio , Higuchi Mineo , Fujisawa Shoichiro
Published: June 2023

A novel gaze-based user interface (UI) is proposed for the remote control of robots and electric wheelchairs. A task-based experiment showed that this UI is more suitable for remote control than a conventional interface. The UI was applied to the control of a commercially available low-cost electric wheelchair. By using a 360° camera and an eye tracker that can be used outdoors, the visibility of obstacles and the usability of the gaze-driven electric wheelchair were greatly improved. The gaze-driven electric wheelchair exhibited good performance in a task-based evaluation experiment.
Musculoskeletal Model Capable of Reproducing Lumbar Extension Motion Strategy Based on the Equilibrium Point Hypothesis
Authors: Sato Masahiro , Yoshida Michihiro , Kusaka Takashi , Suzuki Yusuke , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: June 2023

We considered the change in joint stiffness as a motion strategy in human lumbar extension movement. We developed a musculoskeletal model that can reproduce this motion strategy and attempted to clarify the individual characteristics and differences in motion strategy. This model reproduces changes in lumbar joint stiffness during movement by appropriately adjusting parameters such that they represent the motion strategy. Using this model, we identified parameters in lumbar extension exercises for six participants with differences in lumbar joint stiffness and examined changes in lumbar joint stiffness and motion strategies. The results showed that participants with similar changes in joint stiffness had commonalities in their motion strategies.
Influence of Combined Vibration and Electrical Stimulation on Latency of Kinesthetic Illusion
Authors: Honda Koki , Nakashima Yasutaka , Hua Chen , Yamamoto Motoji
Published: June 2023

The application of vibration stimulation to muscles, via the skin surface, can generate the sensation of movement, when actually there is no motion. This phenomenon is called kinesthetic illusion. Recently, in the fields of rehabilitation and virtual-reality technology, research has been conducted to utilize kinesthetic illusions to feel body movements, when there are none. To apply kinesthetic illusions in the above fields, it is necessary to develop techniques to improve the occurrence rates of the kinesthetic illusions and shorten the latency, which is the time lag from the onset of stimulation to the occurrence of the illusion. In a previous study, the authors reported that the occurrence rate of kinesthetic illusion could be improved by simultaneously applying vibration and electrical stimulations to the antagonistic muscles. In this study, the influence of this technique on the latency of the generated kinesthetic illusion is investigated by applying a combination of vibration and electrical stimulations. Three different electrical-stimulation voltages are used in the combined stimulation to induce the kinesthetic illusion, and the latency is studied for each voltage condition and the vibration-only condition. The effects of the voltage change on latency are evaluated from a regression analysis performed using the generalized linear mixed model. The results suggest that the change in the electrical stimulation voltage can shorten the latency of kinesthetic illusion.
Grid Map Correction for Fall Risk Alert System Using Smartphone
Authors: Katayama Daigo , Ishii Kazuo , Yasukawa Shinsuke , Nishida Yuya , Nakadomari Satoshi , Wada Koichi , Befu Akane , Yamada Chikako
Published: June 2023

In this work, we have incorporated an electronic travel aid (ETA) as a smartphone application that alerts fall risks to the visually impaired. The application detects negative obstacles, such as platform edges and stairs, and occlusion using a grid map including height information to estimate fall risk based on the distance from an area’s edge to the user, and the area ratio. Here, we describe a grid map correction method based on the surrounding conditions of each cell to avoid area misclassification. The smartphone application incorporating this correction method was verified in environments similar to station platforms by evaluating its usefulness, robustness against environmental changes, and stability as a smartphone application. The verification results showed that the correction method is, in fact, useful in actual environments and can be implemented as a smartphone application.