bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollution migration forecast for soil-geochemistry mapping
Authors: Shandyba Alexander B. , Shpetny Dmitry M.
Published: December 2015

The migration of the moving dangerous chemicals in soil-water systems represents significant
risk to public health and environment. At the present time there is growing scientific concern
about the available predicting procedures for environmental assessment of contaminated sites
and chemical spills. After considering the various approaches and geodata that may be involved,
the stagnate zones model was recognized. The key problem to be considered here deals with the
surface concentration distribution, risk evaluation and allowable residue levels for chemicals. It
is possible to make forecast and ecology monitoring based on the proposed mathematical model
with tabulated migration parameters of the contaminants and soils. The considered method can
complement experimental work on the contaminated sites and assist with soil-geochemistry
mapping.
The change in the forest land share in communes threatened by suburbanisation and the sustainable development principle
Authors: Feltynowski Marcin
Published: December 2015

The aim of the paper is to examine the scale of the depletion of forest lands in the areas bordering on the capitals of Polish voivodeships. The analysis of the communes around studied urban
centres allows for the assessment of the local governments’ spatial development policy with reference to forest lands. The paper shows how local authorities prevent these lands from disappearing and how closely this task is related to the usage of the spatial information instruments
such as land use plans (spatial development plans).
In the paper the index of the loss of forest land has been used. It estimates the percentage of the
forest land that constitutes forest land intended for deforestation in land use plans with reference
to the total area of forest land registered in a commune in 2013. Out of the 148 communes that
border on capitals of voivodeships only 34 were qualified for the research, namely those with
index of forest land depletion higher than its average value for Poland. One of the conclusions of
the research is that areas particularly threatened by the loss of forest lands are those that border
on Warsaw, Łódź and Lublin.
Efecto de la sequía en la relación simbiótica entre Pinus pseudostrobus y Pisolithus tinctorius
Authors: Gómez-Romero. Mariela , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto , Del Val de Gortari Ek
Published: December 2015

In heavily degraded soils moisture retention is de ficient, causing drought conditions and consequently limiting plant growth. Symbiotic associations such as mycorrhiza might have a positive effect in the host plant in terms of nutrient uptake and possibly for drought resistance. To test the effect of the fungi under drought conditions, an assay was established with the ecto-mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius with Pinus pseudostrobus, with six treatments, three watering levels (every 3,7, and 14 days) and presence/absence of inoculation. Plant survival was evaluated through generalized linear models and Cox proportional hazard test and shoot and root growth through analysis of variance. We found significant differences in survival among treatments (χ2(5)= 197.93 y P < 0.0001). The Cox test indicates that significant differences occur from the fifth month, when the highest mortality occurs in non-inoculated plants. At the end of the experiment, when plant where watered every three days survival was 100 %, when watered every 7 days, 90 % for inoculated plants and 35 % for non-inoculated plants; when watered every 14 days all non-inoculated plants died and 30 % of the inoculated plants survived. In terms of growth variables, statistical differences (P < 0.0001) where detected among drought treatments, plants in symbiosis with P. tinctorius were able to ameliorate extreme drought effects. These results show the relevance of the micorrhizal interaction for drought tolerance in plants.
Diversidad, distribución y caracterización básica del hábitat de los encinos (Quercus: Fagaceae) del Estado de San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Sabás-Rosales José Luciano , Sosa-Ramírez Joaquín , Luna-Ruiz José De Jesús
Published: December 2015

Quercus (Fagaceae) is one of the genera with greatest ecological and economic importance worldwide. Mexico is the most diverse regarding this genus; unfortunately, many of these species are under adverse conditions, and some labeled as endangered species. San Luis Potosi is one of the most diverse states in Mexico. All things considered, this work focuses in a) a survey of the oak species in San Luis Potosi, b) to point out features of oak distribution in the state, and c) show the basic characterization of their habitat. To accomplish that, we performed an exhaustive review of selected herbaria, which was complemented with collections and field observations. Our results show that the genus Quercus in San Luis Potosi is represented by 45 taxa, nine of which are new records for the state: Quercus canbyi, Q. furfuracea, Q. lancifolia, Q. mcvaughii, Q. viminea, Q. sapotifolia, Q. magnoliifolia, Q. galeanensis, Q. opaca and Q. saltillensis. Oak species were found in: a) 28 different plant communities, b) 21 climatic types, c) nine soil types, d) 20 rock types; and from 90 to 2,908 m asl. in 38 municipalities. The environmental heterogeneity and the existence of potential diversification centers are probably the most determinant factors of the high oak diversity in the state. San Luis Potosi positions itself in the second place nationwide regarding oak diversity, tied with Jalisco, and only outnumbered by Oaxaca with 51 species.
Fenología, crecimiento en diámetro y periodicidad de Hura polyandra en Costa Grande, Guerrero, México
Authors: Pineda-Herrera Elizandro
Published: December 2015

Phenology Hura polyandra Baill. was evaluated in a semideciduous tropical forest of Azueta Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, recording bimonthly for two years: falling leaves, flowering, fruiting and leaf sprout, correlating these variables with precipitation and temperature. Diameter trees were associated with phenology. Using dendrometer bands growth diameter was measured every two months for two years, establishing six diameter categories, three symmetries and three crown lighting, adjusting the growth increments to a mathematical model. Growth periodicity was determined by performing markings on the cambium of a tree at 1.30 m (DBH) every two months and obtaining the corresponding slice at the end of the experiment to determine whether annual rings were formed. Hura polyandra defoliates from March to May, flowers from March to July, bear fruits from March to September and sprouts the leaves from July to January. Significant correlations occurred between the development of leaves buds with precipitation (P ≤ 0.01) and flowering with temperature (P ≤ 0.01). The growth is higher and significant (P ≤ 0.001) in diameter categories 10, 15 and 20 cm. Crown lighting helps significantly (P ≤ 0.01) greater increases in diameter. In the study area, this species forms an annual ring.
Multipurpose function of home gardens in the family subsistence
Authors: Ortíz-Sánchez Amanda , Monroy-Ortiz Columba , Romero-Manzanarez Angélica , Luna-Cavazos Mario , Castillo-España Patricia
Published: December 2015

The floristic composition, species similarity and adopted management practices of 24 home gardens in central Mexico were studied. We investigated the multifunctional role of home gardens and their species richness and focused on food and medicinal plants because they were the largest contributors to families’ needs. Data were obtained by interviewing home garden owners, walking through each home garden, and recording eld observations. The floristic composition, use, and management practices were documented. The similarity between home gardens was estimated by listing the most frequently mentioned and most important plants. A total of 189 species were recorded, which were classified into eight use types, mainly corresponding to ornamental (48 %), edible (32 %), religious (20 %), and medicinal (20 %) plants. Some species presented more than one application. The similarity between home gardens based on the most cited and important species was 40 %. In 62 % of the home gardens, > 42 % of the species were edible. Among the recorded plants, 84 % were cultivated, 7 % were enhanced, 5 % were tolerated, and 4.2 % were protected. Plants were obtained through purchase, exchange and collection and included exotic species. Plant production was performed predominantly for self-supply, but 25 % of the owners sold corn, squash, ciruela and escoba surplus. The resources provided by the home gardens met the food preferences of the families. Medicinal plants were less important, and ornamental plants represented a luxury. The importance of home gardens as areas with multiple functions, including self-supply and improvement of family life, is highlighted.
A logoterápia eszköz- és módszertárának alkalmazási lehetőségei a szupervízióban I.
Authors: Varga Szabolcs
Published: December 2015

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a Viktor E. Frankl nevéhez köthető logoterápia eszközeinek alkalmazási lehetőségét a szakmai személyiségfejlesztésben (szupervízióban). Bemutatásra kerül, hogyan alkalmazhatóak ezek az eszközök az egyéni, team- és csoportos szupervízió során; hogyan alkalmazható a dereflexió a szupervizáltak belső erőinek összpontosításában. Hogyan erősítheti a paradox intenció a szupervizált öndistanciáját. Miként segíti a logoterápia beszélgetés formája, retorikája a szupervizált elakadásait. Említésre kerül a szókratészi párbeszéd, a speciális színpad és az értelemszenzibiláló tréning is, mint lehetséges eszköz a szakmai személyiségfejlesztés folyamatában.
Kereskedelmi iskolák az oktatáspolitika és munkaerőpiac képviselőinek kereszttűzében 1850 és 1906 között
Authors: Nagy Adrienn
Published: December 2015

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a középfokú kereskedelmi szakoktatás megszervezését a dualizmus kori Magyarországon, majd a 19. század közepétől rendeletekkel szabályozott felső kereskedelmi iskolák sorsának alakulását. A kutatás során elsősorban arra kerestük a választ, hogy vajon mennyiben tudott a felső kereskedelmi iskolatípus megfelelni a kereskedelmi szakmák képviselői (kamarák, vállalatok) által megfogalmazott, a gyakorlati képzést előtérbe helyező igényeknek, valamint az oktatáspolitika és egyúttal az iskolák által kitűzött céloknak.
Kreativitás és neuropedagógia
Authors: Detre Zsuzsa
Published: December 2015

Korunk módszertani paradigmaváltása új kihívások elé állítja a pedagógusokat az anyanyelvi és a vizuális nevelés terén is. Írásomban olyan – a tehetséggondozás során alkalmazható – szövegfeldolgozó feladatsort tárok fel, melynek neuropedagógia-szemléletű módszertani ajánlásai a gyermeki idegrendszer kutatási eredményein alapulnak. Tanulmányom első részében érintem a tehetség fogalmát, összetevőit, az alkotó folyamathoz szükséges komplex kognitív készségeket mint tehetségfaktorokat, kiemelve a kreativitást. Ezt követően bemutatom a mese funkcióinak és motívumainak, valamint a vizuális tevékenységek gyakorlatainak neuropedagógiai vonatkozásait. A tanulmányt a nyelvi és vizuális kompetenciákat fejlesztő gyermekirodalmi szöveg feldolgozásával zárom, amely bemutatja a kreatív személyiséggé válás és az alkotó magatartás kialakulásának lehetőségeit.
Apró közlemények
Authors: Bauer Norbert , Balogh Lajos , Bezeczky Árpád , Nagy József , Deák Balázs , Kiss Orsolya , Valkó Orsolya , Schmidt Dávid , Török Péter , Szűcs Péter , Kovács Dániel , Lengyel Attila , Máté András , Somlyay Lajos
Published: December 2015

1. Az Apium repens (Jacq.) Lagasca új előfordulása a Szigetközben

2. A Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó alkalmi megjelenései útpadkákon

3. Az Asparagus verticillatus L. elvadulásának első hazai adatáról

4. A Digitalis lanata Ehrh. új előfordulása Kemencén (Börzsöny)

5. Balkáni csillagvirág (Prospero paratheticum Speta) első előfordulási adata a Duna–Tisza-közén

6. Néhány érdekesebb növényfaj megjelenése a Duna 2013. évi nagy árvize után a Szigetköz hullámterében

7. Az adventív ágas falgyom (Parietaria judaica L.) újabb előfordulási adata Debrecenből

8. Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra Sopron város mohaflórájában

9. Adatok a Plantago coronopus L. hazai elterjedéséhez

10. A csipkés gyöngyvessző (Spiraea crenata L.) egykori kunpeszéri előfordulásáról

11. A Spiraea crenata L. sas-hegyi (Budai-hegység) felfedezésének története
Utószó
Authors: Takács Attila , Molnár V. Attila
Published: December 2015

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Theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia
Authors: Rumyantseva E.E.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this work was to study the problem of interrelation between theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Tasks: analysis of the literature on the problem of interrelation of theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Subject of research: interrelation of theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning. Research hypothesis: the state of the mental model correlated with neurocognitive functioning. Registered a decline in the functioning of theory of mind in schizophrenia. It is known that hypofrontality in schizophrenia determines the reduction of social perception. A number of authors allocate structures in the brain, providing mental models: regions of the medial prefrontal cortex and posttemporal areas, including the temporo parietal region. Some studies found relationship between the theory of mind and memory, executive functions. However, there are studies, which has not been found the interrelation between theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning. Nonetheless, some studies concluded that currently there is no consensus about the influence of neurocognitive functioning on the theory of mind in schizophrenia.
Prefácios e posfácios na primeira tradução e última retradução para o italiano de Lo cunto de li cunti de Giambattista Basile
Authors: Guerini Andréia , Coan Rozalir Burigo
Published: December 2015

Se as traduções mantêm vivos os “originais”, as retraduções os colocam em contínuo movimento literário, abrindo espaço para algumas reflexões, com destaque para a posição do tradutor em relação à obra que irá traduzir. Neste artigo buscamos analisar alguns paratextos, mais especificamente os prefácios e posfácios, que orientaram a primeira tradução para o italiano do dialeto napolitano de Lo cunto de li cunti, de Giambattista Basile, realizada por Benedetto Croce, em 1925, e a sua última retradução, de Carolina Stromboli, em 2013, a fim de verificar o que norteou os dois projetos tradutórios e ver em que medida eles se diferenciam.

While translations keep “original” texts alive retranslations provide them with unbroken literary flowing – opening up spaces for further reflections and putting the translator’s position vis-à-vis the work to be translated in the spotlight. Within this article we aimed at analysing some paratexts – more specifically fore and afterwords – which have guided the first translation of the Neapolitan dialect present in Giambattista Basile’s Lo cunto de li cunti into Italian, carried out by Benedetto Croce in 1925, and the last retranslation promoted by Carolina Stromboli, in 2013, as to verify how the translation projects’ foundation has been established and in which sense they differ from one another.
A Review on Pharmacognostical and Pharmacological Activities of Lagenaria siceraria Species
Authors: Nigam Pragya , Gidwani Bina , Dhongde Hemant Kumar , Gupta Anshita , Kaur Chanchal Deep
Published: December 2015

The Cucurbitaceae family consists of about 735 species. The present study includes detailed aspects of species of Lagenaria siceraria(Mol.) Standley is a medicinal plant. The plant mainly contains carbohydrates, protein, fats and amino acids. The active constituent of Lagenaria is cucurbitacin, lagenin and various mineral matters. In most of the countries lagenaria has been used as antioxidant, cardiotonic, liver tonic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antihepatotoxic, antitumor, anti HIV, anti proliferative agent. Thus, lagenaria posses broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Moreover, the entire plant and its parts like fruit, fruit pulp, seeds, epicarp etc. shows medicinally important properties. This review article focuses on the pharmacognostic, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Lagenaria.
Faster Recovery after Exercise with Phytochemicals Aimed at Mitochondrial Energy Turnover - A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Control Study in College Female Soccer Players
Authors: Freye E. , Strobel H.P.
Published: December 2015

In order to replenish energy stores after exercise we developed a nutraceutical containing ingredients that precisely fuel the ATP generating mitochondria thus resulting in a faster recovery after workout.To test the working hypothesis 18 healthy female college soccer players (mean age 18) enrolled in a short but extreme workout on the treadmill for 12 min as demonstrated in their rise in lactic acid. The volunteers were given an energy drink containing Q10-H2 (ubiquinol), NADH (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-hydride or Q1), ribose, eleutherosides B & E, Vit B2 & B3, passion flower and Vit E over a period of one week. Following a washout of 4 weeks a similar looking and tasting placebo solution was given in a double blind randomized crossover design. Heart rate recovery rate and systolic blood pressure demonstrated a significant faster return to base line than after placebo within the first 1-5 minutes following exercise. In addition, ATP regeneration capacity in leucocytes following washout of sodiumazide, a specific inhibitor at the mitochondrial electron transport complex V, was statistically higher (p < 0.05) in subjects after verum.The composition consisting of mitochondrial active substances, results in a higher synthesis rate of ATP, which coincided with a faster heart rate recovery rate after workout.
Nebivaolol Effect in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Disease of the Lungs
Authors: Holov G.A. , Abdijalilova S.I. , Ganiev U.Sh. , Salohidinov Sh.N. , Shakirov B.M.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Chronic obstructive disease of the lungs (CODL) is one of the leading cases of morbidity and mortality all over the world. It is one of the causes which may form the basis of sudden death, it serves as disturbance of cardiac contractions rhythm. Aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of adrenoreceptor – nebivaolol by selective blocker β1 on pulmonary hypertension degree in patients with chronic obstructive disease of the lungs. Material and methods: 60 patients with chronic obstructive disease of the lungs of III-IV stage in exacerbation phase were enrolled in the study. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups: group A for comparison (n-25) and group B for study (n=35). The patients of both groups received standard therapy, directed to elimination of inflammatory process and improvement of bronchial permeability: antibiotics, broncholytics, mucolytics. The patients of group B were treated with nebivaolol in the dosage 10 mg 24 hours (5 mg dose 2 times 24 hours) for 14 days. Results: In absence of negative effect on hemodynamic indexes, electrophysiological parameters and sporometric data reveal changes in the rate of cardiac contractions to adequate values and significant increase of tolerance to physical exertion in 2 weeks after taking nebivaolol. Decrease of heart rate correlates with decrease of pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: Taking into account the received findings nebivaolol can be recommended for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive disease of the lungs and pulmonary hypertension.
Diagnóstico prenatal de acretismo placentario: hallazgos y utilidad del ultrasonido y la resonancia magnética. Reporte de casos en el Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Wilches-Llanos Aleida , Palazuelos-Jiménez Gloria , Trujillo-Calderón Stephanie , Romero-Enciso Javier
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: describir y revisar los hallazgos relevantes en imágenes diagnósticas del abordaje prenatal de pacientes con diagnóstico de acretismo placentario.

Materiales y métodos: presentamos los casos de tres mujeres que fueron atendidas en un centro hospitalario de alta complejidad, con factores de riesgo para acretismo placentario y evaluación prenatal por ultrasonido (US) y resonancia magnética (RM), cuyo diagnóstico fue corroborado con estudio anatomopatológico. Se describen los aspectos clínicos, los hallazgos por imágenes y su correlación histológica. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura a través de PubMed, Lilacs y EBSCO, se incluyeron artículos originales, revisiones de tema y reportes de casos sobre la utilidad y los aspectos más importantes del US y la RM en el diagnóstico prenatal de acretismo placentario.

Resultados: se incluyeron 11 artículos originales, 8 de revisión y 1 reporte caso. La placenta previa asociada a lagunas placentarias en ultrasonido y en RM a bandas hipointensas placentarias y el abombamiento del útero son considerados como los principales signos de acretismo. El US asociado a Doppler color tiene una sensibilidad de 97 % y una especificidad del 92 %. La RM puede definir el compromiso uterino y de los órganos vecinos, con una sensibilidad que varía entre el 77 y el 89,6 %, la especificidad es cercana al 92 %.

Conclusiones: el abordaje prenatal precoz a través de las imágenes diagnósticas no invasivas brinda información de utilidad a los clínicos del compromiso y la extensión en la evaluación de pacientes con factores de riesgo para acretismo placentario.
Consecuencias de la exposición prenatal al alcohol: desarrollo histórico de la investigación y evolución de las recomendaciones
Authors: López Mariana Beatriz , Arán-Filippetti Vanessa
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: diversos estudios señalan un déficit y una demanda de información entre distintos profesionales de la salud en relación con las características de los trastornos vinculados a la exposición prenatal al alcohol y su prevención. Este documento busca hacer una reflexión sobre los aspectos más relevantes por considerar en la detección y el manejo del consumo de alcohol durante la gestación.

Materiales y métodos: con base en la revisión de la evolución histórica de la investigación sobre los trastornos vinculados a la exposición prenatal al alcohol se da respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿Cuáles son los criterios diagnósticos actuales de los trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal (TEAF)?, 2) ¿cuál es la prevalencia del síndrome de alcoholismo fetal (SAF) y otros TEAF?, 3) ¿cuál ha sido la evolución de las recomendaciones internacionales respecto al consumo de alcohol durante la gestación?, 4) ¿qué estrategias de prevención existen actualmente? Para esto se realiza una extensa revisión de la investigación publicada a nivel internacional.

Resultados: la investigación moderna respecto a la exposición prenatal al alcohol evidencia que esta puede dar lugar a un amplio espectro de problemas. Las dificultades para establecer una dosis de alcohol segura durante la gestación han conducido a la modificación progresiva de las recomendaciones respecto del consumo durante este periodo, desde el consumo moderado hasta la abstinencia.

Conclusión: el impacto y la magnitud de esta problemática exigen el desarrollo de planes de prevención específicos. Su implementación demanda la formación continua de los profesionales que trabajan en cuidados periconcepcionales y perinatales.
Prevalencia de actividad sexual y resultados no deseados en salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios de Cartagena, Colombia, 2012
Authors: Díaz-Cárdenas Shyrley , Arrieta-Vergara Katherine , González-Martínez Farith
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de actividad sexual y resultados no deseados en salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios.

Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 979 estudiantes de una universidad pública en Cartagena matriculados durante el segundo periodo de 2012 en los programas diurnos y presenciales. Se hizo un muestreo de forma probabilística a fijación proporcional. Se aplicó cuestionario autoadministrado, anónimo para evaluar antecedentes sociodemográficos y actividad sexual (edad de inicio, tipo y condiciones de la relación sexual, métodos de anticoncepción) y resultados no deseados (embarazos, abortos). Se estimó la prevalencia de actividad sexual y de los resultados no deseados a través de proporciones e intervalos de confianza del 95%. Para explorar las posibles relaciones con variables sociodemográficas y variables relacionadas con el rol del estudiante, se aplicó el test de chi2 (p < 0,05).

Resultados: la edad promedio de inicio de actividad sexual fue de 16,6 años (DE = 2,0); 8,5% de los universitarios reportaron embarazos, de los cuales 79,5% fueron no deseados; por otra parte, 7% ocurrieron como producto de una relación bajo efectos del alcohol. Se encontró una prevalencia de aborto del 6, 7 % y el 47, 2 % fueron inducidos. El 2,8% manifestó haber sido diagnosticado alguna vez con una ITS reportándose más en mujeres y estudiantes de sexto a décimo semestre (p < 0,05).

Conclusión: el inicio precoz de actividad sexual en universitarios provoca desenlaces no deseados como embarazo y aborto ocasionados principalmente por relaciones sexuales sin protección y bajo los efectos del alcohol.
Consenso colombiano para la definición de los criterios de ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos en la paciente embarazada críticamente enferma
Authors: Rojas-Suárez José Antonio , González María Virginia , Monsalve Germán , Escobar-Vidarte María Fernanda , Vasco-Ramírez Mauricio
Published: December 2015

Cada una de las decisiones alrededor de pacientes obstétricas críticas requiere un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas en cuidado crítico de adultos y en medicina materno-fetal para el difícil entendimiento y manejo de la historia natural de las enfermedades y sus complicaciones durante la gestación, el parto y el puerperio. No existen guías detalladas en Colombia que describan los planes de acción frente a una paciente embarazada en condiciones críticas; de ahí la importancia de un consenso que permita establecer el nivel de cuidado crítico requerido por este grupo poblacional especial, estandarizar las condiciones de atención de las gestantes críticas y generar planteamientos académicos y éticos frente a esta estrategia de alto impacto para la reducción de la mortalidad materna.
Bilateral Agreements and Fair Trade Practices: A Policy Analysis of the Colombia-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (2006)
Authors: Fandl Kevin J.
Published: December 2015

This article brings to the attention of those public servants involved in the design and negotiation of free trade agreements between the United States and developing countries, such as Colombia, the potential benefits and drawbacks of negotiating in a bilateral forum. Rather than critiquing the free trade agreement for its particular provisions, this article examines the U.S. policy of negotiating bilaterally with developing countries as opposed to multilaterally in the world trade system and what effects such an approach might have on the economic development of the latter. Using an incremental policy analysis, the article critiques the bilateral approach in terms of economic development and fair trade negotiations using the recent Colombia-U.S. trade agreement as a case study. The article concludes that a bilateral approach that is disconnected from a broader multilateral context may be detrimental to developing countries and recommends increased oversight of such agreements by the World Trade Organization to ensure a higher degree of fairness.
El futuro de la gestión colectiva: un análisis desde la concesión de licencias multiterritoriales de derechos sobre obras musicales para su utilización en línea
Authors: Ordelin Font Jorge Luis
Published: December 2015

El impacto de la tecnología digital en la gestión colectiva de los derechos de autor y conexos hace necesario repensar la forma en que se ha venido desarrollando esta actividad, y la viabilidad de implementar modelos de gestión alternativos que respondan a las crecientes demandas que tienen lugar en este contexto, especialmente en el complejo tema de la concesión de licencias multiterritoriales de derechos sobre obras musicales para su utilización en línea. La Directiva 2014/26/ ue de la Unión Europea, aprobada el 26 de febrero de 2014, propone un modelo alternativo de gestión colectiva que intenta dar solución a este tema e introduce cambios sustanciales en la forma de gestionar estos derechos. Tomando en cuenta este contexto, el presente artículo realiza una revisión crítica de algunas de estas propuestas y de los peligros que podría suponer su adopción en el marco de contextos regionales o globales, sobre todo para un modelo de gestión colectiva como es el que se ha desarrollado en Iberoamérica.
Flexural performance evaluation of composite steel deck one-way slab system with SFRC
Authors: Hong Geonho
Published: December 2015

The slab is one of the most important members in building structures because it covers the largest area of the building. The structural type and construction method of a slab can have a large influence on the construction period and the amount of structural materials. This study investigates a simplified one-way slabsystem with simple construction procedures. The simplified slab system consists of a composite steel deckplate and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) without conventional steel reinforcing bars. The compositesteel deck plate can replace the tensile reinforcing bars and concrete form, and the SFRC makes temperaturereinforcement unnecessary. Four specimens were tested to analyze the flexural performance and serviceability.The test results were analyzed from the viewpoints of flexural performance regarding flexural load capacity,stiffness, deflection, crack development, and failure mode. The test results indicate that the overallflexural performance of the system was suitable in slab members, even though reinforcing bars were not used.It has higher flexural stiffness and shows lower crack height than a conventional RC slab.
Theory of 25-year-cycle evolution – a hypothesis about the relationship between the transition of economic development mode and the human resource management innovation
Authors: Xinqi Lin
Published: December 2015

Based on systematic researches on the relationship between the transition of economic development mode and the human resource management innovation in China, Japan and USA during a long period, that is a century, this paper found a periodic feature: with the transition of economic development mode, there is one climax after another of human resource management innovation. The cycle probably evolved once every 25 years or so. In such an interactive process, transition of economic development mode calls for the human resource management innovation, and vice-versa. Especially, the human resource management innovation presents increasingly dominant role. Although this can merely be deemed as a hypothesis in a strict sense, it offers a great deal of implications from the perspective of reference to observe and analyze lots of economic and management phenomena and to look forward to problems related to future development of macro management of enterprises.
Impact of individual decision-making styles on marketing information system based decision-making
Authors: Ghazi A Alowaidi Mahmoud , Hu Wang
Published: December 2015

Marketing information system (MIS) enables data processing and transformation of data into valuable information that results in a more effective decision-making from which companies benefit. However, human aspect is still an influential factor in the decision-making process. We conceptualize a connection between decision-making styles of employees, inherent in their habits and practices, and marketing innovation system based on the decision-making process. Through a detailed literature review, a link between spontaneous, individual, rational and dependent decision-making styles with quality and speed of MIS decision-making has been conceived and constructed. We suggest that decision-making styles influence both quality and speed of the decision-making process. Furthermore, quality and speed of MIS decision-making have a positive influence on radical and incremental marketing innovation. This study enriches the body of literature that focuses on the human-technology interaction and is valuable for companies implementing and using MIS to make business decisions.
Upper Echelon Theory: Role of Community and Strategy
Authors: Anwar Quttainah Majdi
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we argue that community plays an important role in shaping the values and characteristics of top management teams. It builds on upper echelon theory to posit that community level characteristics are instrumental in framing the cognitions of CEOs and top executives. Strategic decisions made by managers in organizations represent the significant impact community has on top management teams. Examining the influence community has on top management teams provides additional implications about why certain firms perform better than others.
The Place of Ethics in Entrepreneurship: The Nigerian Perspective
Authors: Ironkwe Uwaoma , Promise A Ordu
Published: December 2015

Management and entrepreneurship practitioners now face more ethical issues every day of their working lives than ever. They face hard decision that does not have an ethical dimension or facet. This is an issue of ethical problems in the decision making process. Scholars have opined that leaders confront ethical issues as they carry out their management responsibilities (Ordu and Okoroafor, 2014). Leaders face the matters of morality; right and wrong, fairness and unfairness, and justice or lack of justice, actions or behaviours in their decision making process of planning, organizing, motivating, communicating, delegating or committing some other management roles. Furthermore, ethics, entrepreneurship and ethical perspectives in management are crucial and these features are indispensible for business survival. Managers today must be informed and this has been receiving attention from scholars and industry practitioners. The focus of this paper is to assist entrepreneurship practitioners to uphold ethical practices that are vital for business survival given the ethical problems prevalent in organisations especially in Nigerian context. Looking at the theories associated with stages of ethical consciousness of organization, various forms of business ethical code formation are highlighted as these are essential and needs to be in place if any entrepreneurial activity must survive. In addition, factors that influence unethical behaviours are explored. There are ethical challenges entrepreneurship may face given the Nigerian context. In conclusion, a way forward for overcoming the ethical challenges has been suggested: getting managers to be accountable and responsible, as well as designing an ethical management index and integrity testing etc.
Biodiversity effects and rates of spread of nonnative eucalypt woodlands in central California
Authors: Fork Susanne , Woolfolk Andrea , Akhavan Antonia , Van Dyke Eric , Murphy Shirley , Candiloro Bree , Newberry Todd , Schreibman Sondra , Salisbury Joshua , Wasson Kerstin
Published: December 2015

Woodlands comprised of planted, nonnative trees are increasing in extent globally, while native woodlands continue to decline due to human activities. The ecological impacts of planted woodlands may include changes to the communities of understory plants and animals found among these nonnative trees relative to native woodlands, as well as invasion of adjacent habitat areas through spread beyond the originally planted areas. Eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) are among the most widely planted trees worldwide, and are very common in California, USA. The goals of our investigation were to compare the biological communities of nonnative eucalypt woodlands to native oak woodlands in coastal central California, and to examine whether planted eucalypt groves have increased in size over the past decades. We assessed site and habitat attributes and characterized biological communities using understory plant, ground‐dwelling arthropod, amphibian, and bird communities as indicators. Degree of difference between native and nonnative woodlands depended on the indicator used. Eucalypts had significantly greater canopy height and cover, and significantly lower cover by perennial plants and species richness of arthropods than oaks. Community composition of arthropods also differed significantly between eucalypts and oaks. Eucalypts had marginally significantly deeper litter depth, lower abundance of native plants with ranges limited to western North America, and lower abundance of amphibians. In contrast to these differences, eucalypt and oak groves had very similar bird community composition, species richness, and abundance. We found no evidence of “invasional meltdown,” documenting similar abundance and richness of nonnatives in eucalypt vs. oak woodlands. Our time‐series analysis revealed that planted eucalypt groves increased 271% in size, on average, over six decades, invading adjacent areas. Our results inform science‐based management of California woodlands, revealing that while bird communities would probably not be affected by restoration of eucalypt to oak woodlands, such a restoration project would not only stop the spread of eucalypts into adjacent habitats but would also enhance cover by western North American native plants and perennials, enhance amphibian abundance, and increase arthropod richness.
Rainfall intensity switches ecohydrological runoff/runon redistribution patterns in dryland vegetation patches
Authors: Magliano Patricio N. , Breshears David D. , Fernández Roberto J. , Jobbágy Esteban G.
Published: December 2015

Effectively managing net primary productivity in drylands for grazing and other uses depends on understanding how limited rainfall input is redistributed by runoff and runon among vegetation patches, particularly for patches that contrast between lesser and greater amounts of vegetation cover. Due in part to data limitations, ecohydrologists generally have focused on rainfall event size to characterize water redistribution processes. Here we use soil moisture data from a semiarid woodland to highlight how, when event size is controlled and runoff and interception are negligible at the stand scale, rainfall intensity drives the relationship between water redistribution and canopy and soil patch attributes. Horizontal water redistribution variability increased with rainfall intensity and differed between patches with contrasting vegetation cover. Sparsely vegetated patches gained relatively more water during lower intensity events, whereas densely vegetated ones gained relatively more water during higher intensity events. Consequently, range managers need to account for the distribution of rainfall event intensity, as well as event size, to assess the consequences of climate variability and change on net primary productivity. More generally, our results suggest that rainfall intensity needs to be considered in addition to event size to understand vegetation patch dynamics in drylands.
Obesity, Unemployment, and Earnings
Authors: Härkönen Juho , Räsänen Pekka , Näsi Matti
Published: December 2015

The article analyses the effects of obesity—a clear signal of weight abnormality—on unemployment and earnings among Finnish men and women. Our empirical data consist of the last four waves (waves 4 to 8) of the Finnish section of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) data collected between 1998 and 2001. According to our results, obese women have a significantly higher risk of unemployment (even after controlling for age, level of education and other related factors), than women who are not obese. Furthermore, the generally weaker occupational positions of obese women tend to translate to lower earnings. Overall, obese women are more likely to have weaker labour market attachment  and hold socio-economically weaker positions. Similar results were not found among men. Thus, our results indicate the presence of gender discrimination in the Finnish labour market. In the conclusions we further discuss weight related impacts on succeeding in the labour market, but also its role as a possible risk factor in drifting away from employment. We reflect on this issue as a form of inequality that can have an increasing significance in the future.
The Performance Appraisal Interview – An Arena for the Reinforcement of Norms for Employeeship
Authors: Sandlund Erica , Olin-Scheller Christina , Nyroos Lina , Jakobsen Liselotte , Nahnfeldt Cecilia
Published: December 2015

In the present paper, we report findings from a study of performance appraisal interviews between middle managers and employees. The study is based on analysis of video uptake of authentic performance appraisal interviews, and through detailed examination of participant conduct and orientation, we point to structural mechanisms and institutional norms which limit the possibilities for employees to raise topics connected to negative experiences of stress in performance ap- praisal talk. It is argued that norms concerning ideal employeeship are shaped by a partly hidden curriculum in the organization which in turn is talked into being in the performance appraisal interviews.The study concludes that empirical attention to the social interplay in performance ap- praisal interactions reveal how participant conduct aligns or disaligns with institutional and social underpinnings of workplace ideals.
Capabilities for Innovation: The Nordic Model and Employee Participation
Authors: Nielsen Peter , Nielsen René Nesgaard , Bamberger Simon Grandjean , Stamhus Jørgen , Fonager Kirsten , Larsen Anelia , Vinding Anker Lund , Ryom Pia , Omland Øyvind
Published: December 2015

Technological developments combined with increasing levels of competition related to the ongoing globalization imply that firms find themselves in dynamic, changing environments that call for dynamic capabilities. This challenges the internal human and organizational resources of firms in general and in particular their ability to develop firm-specific innovative capabilities through employee participation and creation of innovative workplaces. In this article, we argue that national institutional conditions can play an enhancing or hampering role in this. Especially the norms and values governing relations between employers and employees are expected to be of vital importance. This article will follow a resource-based perspective on developing dynamic capabilities in order to test the importance of enhancing human and organizational capabilities for innovation in firms. In particular, the article will focus on some of the important institutional conditions in Danish firms derived from the Nordic model, such as the formal and informal relations of cooperation between employers and employees in firms and their function in building capabilities for innovation. The foundation of the empirical analysis is a survey that collected information from 601 firms belonging to the private urban sector in Denmark. The survey was carried out in late 2010.
Review: Immunology of Sinusitis, Trauma, Asthma, and Sepsis
Authors: Frieri Marianne , Kumar Krishan , Boutin Anthony
Published: December 2015

Background

This review article is important for allergists/immunologists and otolaryngologists. It discussed chronic rhinosinusitis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, innate adaptive immunology, nuclear factor–kappa B related to inflammation, sepsis, complement, reactive oxygen species, asthma, sinusitis, elderly pathogenesis, oxidative stress, depression, seasonal variation, vitamin D, genetic susceptibility and sepsis, hereditary angioedema related to trauma and stress.

Objective

The objective of this review is to link chronic rhinosinusitis, epidemiology, innate and adaptive immunology, NF-kappa B related to inflammation, sepsis, complement, reactive oxygen species, asthma and sinusitis.

Methods

A literature search was conducted from several articles, prospective studies, recent reviews and earlier reports. A synergistic relationship develops between activation of the innate immune system and the loss of organ barrier functions. Many complex factors, such as genetics, physical agents, mediators in the development of organ failure both in asthma, sinusitis, stress, depression and trauma, leading to posttraumatic organ failure. Asthma and sepsis, a common condition encountered in hospital environments remains an important cause of death at intensive care units where allergists/immunologists and otolaryngologists are frequently consulted. The patient's immune surveillance could fail to eliminate the pathogen, allowing it to spread and there is a proinflammatory mediator release with inappropriate activation.

Conclusion

This review discussed chronic rhinosinusitis, sinusitis related to trauma, the innate and adaptive immunology, NF-kappa B related to inflammation, sepsis, complement, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, asthma pathogenesis, and asthma in the elderly, oxidative stress, depression, seasonal variation and vitamin D, cytokines, genetic susceptibility related to sepsis, hereditary angioedema related to trauma and stress.
The Swimsuit
Authors: Schmidt Christine
Published: December 2015

The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk documents the modern swimsuit's trajectory from men's underwear and circus/performance wear to its unique niche in world fashion. It emphasizes the relationship between fashion, media, celebrity, sport and the cultivation of the modern body.

This fascinating book provides an historical, sociological and cultural context in which to view how the swimsuit - and Australia, the country that significantly influenced its modern form - migrated from the cultural and colonial periphery to the centre of international attention. In addition, the book offers new perspectives on national histories of the swimsuit and investigates how traditional European fashion centers have opened up to new markets and modes of living, bringing together influences from around the globe.

The Swimsuit is essential reading for students, scholars, and the general reader interested in fashion, popular culture, history, media, sport, and gender studies.
Fashion and Age
Authors: Twigg Julia
Published: December 2015

Throughout history certain forms and styles of dress have been deemed appropriate - or more significantly, inappropriate - for people as they age. Older women in particular have long been subject to social pressure to tone down, to adopt self-effacing, covered-up styles. But increasingly there are signs of change, as older women aspire to younger, more mainstream, styles, and retailers realize the potential of the 'grey market'.

Fashion and Age is the first study to systematically explore the links between clothing and age, drawing on fashion theory and cultural gerontology to examine the changing ways in which age is imagined, experienced and understood in modern culture through the medium of dress. Clothes lie between the body and its social expression, and the book explores the significance of embodiment in dress and in the cultural constitution of age.

Drawing on the views of older women, journalists and fashion editors, and clothing designers and retailers, it aims to widen the agenda of fashion studies to encompass the everyday dress of the majority, shifting the debate about age away from its current preoccupation with dependency, towards a fuller account of the lived experience of age. Fashion and Age will be of great interest to students of fashion, material culture, sociology, sociology of age, history of dress and to clothing designers.