bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR MONITORING PCB CORROSION PROCESS
Authors: Umbetov S. V. , Pronin S. P.
Published: September 2024

Experimental studies of corrosion penetration into printed circuit boards of laboratory samples are presented. Conditions similar to those ignited in contact with sea water were recreated and a series of experiments were carried out with each printed circuit board of the device. The results of laboratory studies of the relationship between corrosion of conductive tracks and their resistance according to the ratio of color components in a digital image of the corroded surface of a printed circuit board track are presented. The histogram of the distribution of pixels by color for photographs clearly shows that green will usually always predominate, since it is the main color of the PCB mask, but the corrosion itself is characterized by red. Measuring the resistance of the tracks during the experiment allows us to determine the effectiveness of protecting the mask on the printed circuit board from corrosion and assess the quality of the metallization process and application of the mask. In this case, we can say that there is a linear relationship between the variables, which corresponds to experimental data. A theoretical analysis of the factors influencing the change in the brightness of RGB components in the image of a corroded surface and the resistance of the conductive path has been carried out..
APPLICATION OF PREDICTIVE CONTROL TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Authors: Yastrebov A. P.
Published: September 2024

A progressive method of condition -based maintenance of production processes is considered. It is shown that an effective means for its implementation is the use of predictive control. Proposals have been formulated for the use of a reliability-cost criterion that characterizes the effectiveness of maintenance with predictive performance, quantitative relationships have been derived that make it possible to evaluate the reduction in the number of gradual failures when using maintenance with predictive control, as well as establishing the relationship between the effectiveness of maintenance and the reliability of forecasting. Using the concept of unused resource, the minimum reliability of predictive control is determined. Relationships have been obtained and practical recommendations have been formulated related to the selection of production process parameters for forecasting, which are based on the principle of their comparison based on the steepness of change over the observation interval, the root-mean-square error of prediction and the cost of costs for measures to monitor and prevent failures.
EDDY CURRENT QUALITY CONTROL OF THIN-WALLED REFRACTORY ALLOY PIPES
Authors: Atavin V. G. , Smirnov Yu. G. , Iskhuzhin R. R. , Zavyalov Z. I. , Uzkih A. A. , Yurchenko O. S. , Klyuchnikova M. A.
Published: September 2024

The experience of non-destructive quality control of thin-walled pipes of small diameter from a refractory non-magnetic alloy based on eddy current and X-ray television methods is considered. An analysis of the signal of an eddy current differential transducer during scanning of defects of various types was performed. The possibility of detecting and classifying such pipe defects as cracks, pores, local wall thinning, and ferromagnetic inclusions is shown.
ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY DURING VERIFICATION OF MIT TEMPERATURE METERS
Authors: Golobokov M. V.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents an algorithm and the results of calculating the confidence limits of the measurement error of resistance (voltage) during verification of multichannel precision temperature meters MIT 2 and MIT 8. It is established that the actual error value of the meter in operation can exceed the permissible value by 4.3 times. In the temperature equivalent, the additional error can reach 130% of the limit of the basic permissible error of the reference platinum resistance thermometer PTS-10M of the first category. The necessity of attributing the measurement results by MIT meters to the most responsible measurements, for which even the minimum excess of the permissible error is not allowed, is justified. The corresponding decision-making rule has been formulated. The minimum ratio of errors of the reference and verifiable measuring instruments has been determined, in which the probability of erroneous recognition of an obviously suitable meter as unsuitable does not exceed 0.3 – the limit set in MI 186-88 "GSI. Measuring instruments. Setting the parameters of the verification methods" values. The required error ratio is no worse than 1/2. For widely used meters MIT 2.05, MIT 8.10, MIT 8.15, methods are proposed to improve the accuracy of measurements and ensure the required reliability of verification using recommended standards. To verify the relatively new and most accurate meters MIT 8.20, MIT 8.30, the need to use a secondary resistance standard is justified. The work can be useful to specialists involved in the development, operation of temperature measuring instruments and their metrological support.
HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN A TEXTBOOK FOR HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SOVIET TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Tajik National University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Karaev F. K.
Published: September 2024

The article describes and analyses the chapter on the Great Patriotic War from the textbook «History of the Tajik SSR». The textbook was published in 1965 for the higher education institutions of the republic of Tajikistan. Since the textbook was written during the «thaw» period, it reflects the situation regarding the interpretation of the postwar history after the debunking of the personality cult of I. V. Stalin. The article characterizes the structure and main plot of the chapter about the Great Patriotic War. It focuses on the scientific activities of the textbook editor Academician Z. S. Radzhabov and the author of the chapter historian L. P. Sechkina. It concludes that the textbook on the history of Tajikistan for the institutions of higher education, like any other Soviet textbook, performed primarily propaganda and educational functions. The information about the Great Patriotic War is dominated by the Soviet discourse about the leading role of the party and the Soviet government. In addition, the textbook emphasizes the significant contribution of the USSR to the defeat of Nazi Germany, as the main winner among the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. Much was said about patriotism, heroism and the selfless work of common people thanks to whom the enemy was defeated. In this regard, the author of the chapter mentions the residents of Tajikistan who distinguished themselves both at the front and in the rear. This textbook was a media channel of the cultural memory of the Soviet society about the past of Tajikistan and contributed to the formation of mass historical knowledge in the republic.
THE BAKING INDUSTRY OF CHELYABINSK REGION IN 1946–1950
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Rudometova I. V.
Published: September 2024

Based on an extensive source base, the article introduces previously unknown documents on the baking industry of the Chelyabinsk region in 1946-1950. It also clarifies the model of economic development of that period. The end of the Great Patriotic War and the beginning of the reconstruction period posed the new tasks for the bakery industry: to improve the quality of products, to expand the pre-war assortment, and to increase the capacity of enterprises in order to fully meet the demand of the population in bakery products. The article examines the network, location, material, technical and raw material base of the bakery industry. It also describes the range and volume of products, analyzes the solution of such issues as personnel training and advanced training. The author comes to the conclusion that the baking industry of the Chelyabinsk region in 1946–1950 continued to exist in the mobilization model of the economy. This was dictated by the alarming international situation and internal factors of the USSR development. During the post-war five-year period, the bakery industry expanded its network and capacity through the construction of new bakeries, ovens and major repairs of wornout buildings and equipment. The production was in dire need of highly qualified workers and engineering and technical personnel. Despite the attentiveness and support from the party and Soviet bodies, the range of products remained extremely narrow and of poor quality. This was due to nonstandard flour, unsatisfactory organization of production, and low qualification of workers. The insufficiency of vehicles at enterprises led to delays in the raw materials and fuel. Besides, there was a lack of training and retraining programs for the most important professions – bakers, bread sellers, and bakery inspectors. Thus, the bakery industry partially fulfilled the tasks of the IV five-year plan, and did not fully satisfy the needs of the population in high-quality and diverse bakery products.
PSYCHOPATIC PERSONALITY AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS IMAGE IN A. V. AMFITEATROV’S BOOK «PSYCHOPATHS: TRUTH AND FICTION»
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kubasov A. V.
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the cultural and historical content of Psychopaths: Truth and Fiction written by A.V. Amfiteatrov. It considers the problem of the popularity of a psychopathic personality in Russian literature at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. It also discusses its conditionality due to the explosive growth in the number of popular science works in this branch of medicine. The book contains a gallery of various psychopathic types starting with Judas and ending with contemporary personality patterns of the author. The article considers the dependence of the genre originality of the story on the character images. It singles out such varieties as an idyll, a detective story, a duel story and a portrait in the form of an internal monologue. Based on the analysis of the texts of the stories included in the book, the author comes to a conclusion about A. V. Amfiteatrov’s inclination for Russian naturalism. One of the unconditional signs of naturalism is the determinism of the personality structure by its biological principle. The arsenal of means and techniques used by A. V. Amfiteatrov allows us to attribute the book to mass literature. Secondary literature designed for quick oblivion in the history of literature plays an important role in recreating the integral cultural and historical context of the era. This makes the significance of the book «Psychopaths: Truth and Fiction» which is a vivid example of mass literary production at the turn of the two centuries.
PECULIARITIES OF MEDIA INFORMATION AGENDA ON ECOLOGY OF THE INDUSTRIAL REGION
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Matveeva I. Y. , Lobodenko L. K. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kharitonova O. Y. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Cherednyakova A. B. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Shesterkina L. P. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article studies the peculiarities of media information agenda on ecology of an industrial region. The empirical base of the study includes media texts of the Chelyabinsk Oblast online media 74.ru and 1obl.ru (January-December 2022). The content analysis presents environmental information agenda of these media outlets which included 227 media texts. As a result, 18 thematic headings were identified including general environmental issues, international cooperation, environmental basics of human life among others. The study demonstrated that the largest number of media texts (more than 70.0 %) is devoted to the topics of air pollution and protection, water bodies, and waste management. At the same time, the online portal 74.ru pays more attention to destructive information occasions and concentrates more on negative aspects of environmental phenomena. The most popular rubric here is air and water pollution. Moreover, the style of material presentation is largely predetermined by the acuteness of environmental problems and is related to the statement of problems (70.0 %). Only a quarter of the news items disclose the way of solving environmental problems. As for the news portal 1obl.ru, it covers a wider range of environmental problems highlighting not only problems, but also their solutions.
NATIONAL CHARACTER AND ARTISTIC FEATURES OF GOON LILOON’S PAINTING
Authors:   Academy of Fine Arts and Art Design, Qiqihar City University, Qiqihar, China, Wang B. ,   The Hvorostovsky Siberian State Institute of Arts, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Since the first years of the 20th century, when oil painters of the Western European tradition appeared in China, Chinese realistic art has been continuously updated and has attracted attention in its own country and abroad. There is no doubt that the success achieved by Chinese painters was largely the result of the introduction of modern Western art to the Chinese national culture. Today, the best artists in China harmoniously combine the form and content of Western art with domestic artistic traditions, forming a unique style. These include the Chinese painter Gong Lilong, whose work has been repeatedly exhibited in museums in China and abroad, but is familiar only to a narrow circle of connoisseurs in Russia. He went from realism to neo-primitivism, avoiding stylization and imitation of folk masters, and striving to express the essential aspects of folk aesthetics. This study considers Gong Lilong’s canvases from the point of view of national culture, historical context, and his biography. It also shows the change in his style and the themes of his works throughout his career and traces the formation of his unique symbolic language. Special attention is paid to the realistic period of the artist’s work and his contribution to the development of easel painting in Northeast China and the country as a whole.
ARSHILE GORKY AND RUSSIAN EMIGRE ARTISTS IN THE USA IN THE 1920–1930s
Authors:   Stroganov Russian State University of Design and Applied Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gavrilin K. N. , Fedorova N. V. ,   Russian State University for Humanitie, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the topic of this article is explained by the under-researched artistic and historical-cultural context; it helps visualize history. The life and work of Arshile Gorky (1901–1944) are considered during the peak of his creativity, after moving to the USA, in the 1920s and 1930s. Notably, Gorky becomes part of the community of Russian artist emigrants. The article analyzes the artist’s personality and his strong connection with Russian culture, as well as the American art scene. It examines the influence on his work of Russian teachers and contemporaries living at that time in the United States, among them Nikolai Fechin, David Burliuk, and Ivan Dombrowski (John Graham). The article also analyzes Arshile Gorky’s role in the formation and development of American abstract expressionism, especially his contribution to the creation of creative methods and artistic approaches that influenced many American artists among his contemporaries and followers. Several methods were used in the research, including cultural-historical and social-historical methods. It is quite evident that Arshile Gorky embodied in his work the spirit of search and experiment: his works were distinguished by boldness, plastic expressiveness, deep emotionality, and technical innovation.
UNRELIABLE NARRATION AND UNRELIABLE FOCALIZATION IN WORKS OF NON-CLASSICAL RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation, Smolenskaya M. A.
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to unreliable narration and unreliable focalization in Russian literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The analyzed texts belong to the non-classical paradigm of art. Texts of the modernist era attract the reader with co-creation, and the unreliable narrator allows the author to involve reader. The concepts of unreliable narration and unreliable focalization are differentiated. An unreliable focalizer may be naive, limited in information, or have changes in consciousness and psyche. A narrator who deliberately deceives and a narrator who brings together several points of view on one event in the text are considered unreliable. Unreliable narration and unreliable focalization are features of non-classical literature.
FEATURES AND PROBLEM ASPECTS OF THE OPERATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINESE INFORMATION POLICY DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tian Y.
Published: September 2024

In this article, the author analyzes some features of the functioning of social networks in the context of a pandemic using the example of China. Mainly based on foreign publications, it is shown how social networks influence the phenomenon of infodemic in the context of health emergencies. This problem is considered in the context of the issue of government regulation of public opinion during a pandemic. As an example, the article cites the state’s use of social networks WeChat and Weibo in the coronavirus situation. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the “duration” criterion in the process of disseminating online opinions. The author also shows how Chinese censorship affects the dissemination of information in the context of emergency situations, demonstrating this problem using the example of information asymmetry. The COVID19 pandemic has forced us to rethink established approaches to organizing interaction between society and the state in emergency situations. It has become clear that mobile social networks can be used to improve the quality of responses to problematic situations in society and thatthe expression of public sentiment on online platforms represents a weather vane of real social trends. Social networks can both separate and unite the state and society in the fight against emergency situations.
SAMO AS AN ARTISTIC “I” BY JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vilchinskaya-Butenko M. E.
Published: September 2024

This article is based on the biography of Jean-Michel Basquiat using the historicalbiographical and inductive method and proves the decisive importance of the early, pre-gallery stage of the artist’s work for the formation and further development of the uniqueness of his style. The origins of the artist’s work are in street art and his artistic “I” was influenced not so much by the graffiti period of his biography with the attributes accompanying the graffiti movement (the choice of the nickname SAMO, going out on the streets of the city for the purpose of dialogue with the urban community), as by other factors also characteristic of graffiti and street art. Firstly, a close connection with everyday life (words or phrases from an ordinary context, which seemed significant to the artist, inspired him to create artworks). Secondly, the tendency to autobiography (the creation of images extracted from personal experience). Thirdly, the attitude to the word as an image and a source of creativity (mixing images and texts in equal terms or even the dominance of text in paintings). It is also noted that Basquiat’s works were greatly influenced by the principle of “copy paste”, derived from a combination of techniques: the “cut-up” technique by Brian Gysin and William Burroughs, focusing on linguistic material characteristic of “concrete poetry”, and the spoken hip-hop genre that was formed in the 1980s.
VISUAL ICONICITY IN THE RUSSIAN POETIC TRADITION
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Dvoinishnikova M. P. , Semyan T. F. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the terminological definition of «visual poetry» and «visuality». Modern literary criticism does not have a fundamental definition of this concept, the various concepts are used in science («graphic poetry», «figurative poetry», «constructivist poetry», «concrete poetry», «simultaneous poetry», «iconic poetry», stichography, video poetry, media poetry, «optic poetry», «picture poetry», «iconic poetry», etc), and also offers very confusing and ambiguous classifications of types of texts. Therefore, researchers propose a broader term «iconicity», which is defined as a semiotic and poetic category. This category based on the basis of three representations: visual, auditory (auditory) and cognitive (symbolic). The poetry is defined as visual, since it is written and expressed by signs, and iconicity is created and enhanced by various means. The type of texts called «visual poetry» has a high degree of presence of visual techniques, the so-called «visual iconicity», but is not limited to it, but is emphasized by other types of iconicity (for example, rhyming consonances or the syntactic structure of a poetic text).
THE FATE OF THE 19TH CENTURY TURKMEN MILITARY COMMANDER KOUSHUT KHAN IN THE ASPECT OF SOURCE STUDIES
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Atdaev S. J.
Published: September 2024

Koushut Khan (1823–1878) has not received proper coverage in the scientific literature. This work addresses situation and restores the image of this extraordinary personality. The study uses historical and comparative analysis to study historiographical and ethnographic material. Using this method made it possible to identify new details about the life of Koushut Khan, and helped give an objective look at the socio-political situation in the Merv region. The results reconstruct the image of Koushut Khan as a commander, a diplomat, and a leader. His foresight and patience helped him win a number of victories and gain fame as a military leader. Koushut Khan, as a businessman, organized the construction of the impressive fortress of Koushut KhanGala, and erected the Koushut Bend dam. He founded a network of maktabs and madras in Merv
ALEXANDER KUPRIN AS A GARDENER: THE SELF-PRESENTATION OF A WRITER IN LITERARY INTERVIEWS OF MODERNISM
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Selyutina E. A.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the genre of “the literary interview” using the example of creative statements in the press by Alexander Kuprin at the beginning of the 20th century. At the beginning of the genre, the principles and roles of interaction between interviewers and interviewees were laid down, and the expectations of the reading public on the formal and meaningful featuresof the genre were formed. The interview genre is considered in the context of the evolution of the literary form of the portrait in the formation of mass culture and there was increased interest in the private life of writers as a characteristic feature of modernity. New materials not previously considered in the self-reflective narratives of writers are introduced. The vectors of Kuprin’s self-presentation are shown as creative tactics. The experience of interacting with the reader was prepared by the tradition of realism of the 19th century for the “naked truth of life”. The writer’s public position is conditioned by his published work, creative sympathies, and guidelines (Kuprin, as an opponent of avant-garde literature, is the heir to the tradition of Pushkin and Tolstoy). He positions himself as a creator, ready to let the reader into his creative laboratory, which was close to a simple “non-ethical” world. The author’s role model is the examination of the sick points of modernity (army life, prostitution, life in Soviet Russia).
Comprehensive review on evolution, progression, design, and exploration of electric bicycle
Authors: D Sathish , R Thirunavukkarasu , M Veeramanikandan , S Jegadheeswaran , R Vijayakumar
Published: September 2024

Many countries are moving to electric vehicles for daily transportation due to the scarcity of fossil fuels and the pollution emissions from internal combustion engines. The most promising technique to manage environmental pollution and energy security is the employment of electric vehicles. The electric bicycle is gaining an abundance of attention due to the various advantages of electric vehicles. Recently, people started using electric bicycles on a regular basis, and it is a suitable option for shorter daily rides. The present study was conducted using the Scopus database, which included an analysis of all papers pertaining to the content of electric bicycles up until the year 2023.The literature review delves into the profound impact and numerous benefits of electric bicycles, highlighting their potential for revolutionizing transportation. This exploration is informed by advancements in design and construction, offering insights into optimal electric bicycle development. One promising avenue for sustainability involves integrating solar technology into these vehicles, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources, and addressing environmental concerns. Discussions encompassed diverse aspects, including operation principles, throttle variations, commutation systems, self-charging mechanisms, health advantages, and solar-powered electric bicycles. To address this, the goal is to create universally acceptable electric bicycles to broaden their appeal and dispel misconceptions. In order to provide scientists and researchers with beneficial information to further optimize electric bicycles, the research fields pertaining to electric bicycles are reviewed in accordance with previous studies.
Modeling of full vehicle dynamics for enhanced stability control
Authors: Akhmedov Doniyor , Riskaliev Davron
Published: September 2024

Dynamic models utilized for assessing vehicle stability typically possess a limited number of degrees of freedom, commonly known as a planar model. Simultaneous examination of vibration and stability is unfeasible within these models. Additionally, such models pose several challenges in terms of adaptation to emerging vehicle technologies, rendering them unsuitable for real-time control. Furthermore, the dependability of outcomes derived from dynamic systems with limited degrees of freedom remains uncertain. This article presents a theoretical and experimental comparison analysis of a dynamic model designed to assess the vibration and motion stability of a vehicle with twelve degrees of freedom. The empirical investigations were conducted under actual road conditions, employing a four-step approach: horizontal vehicle model, vertical vehicle model, liner tyre model, and driver model. The experiment shows that a error was close to 15% when the speed of movement increased from 75-80 km/h in the 12DOF model, likely due to the linearity of the tire model. This is due to the non-linear elastics of the steering and suspension, as well as the kinematic introduction during the turn of the car. Based on the conducted research, it is recommended to use non-linear models of tires and suspensions in further studies.
M-learning w nauce języków obcych – potencjał i ograniczenia
Authors: Jaworska Mariola
Published: September 2024

M-learning refers to learning supported by mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, which can be taken anywhere and utilized independently of place and time. The continuous improvement of portable devices gives them new features, among which solutions favoring the development of language competencies can play an important role. The first part of the article will discuss theoretical justifications and models related to mobile learning, as well as associated approaches such as multimedia learning and multimodality. In the second part, with reference to available results of empirical research, an attempt will be made to indicate the potential and the limitations of mobile learning, as well as to signal research directions encompassing issues in this area that are worth exploring in the future.
Kompetencja leksykalna nastoletnich użytkowników języka polskiego jako odziedziczonego i ojczystego w ujęciu komparatywnym
Authors: Seretny Anna
Published: September 2024

Lexical competence of teenage heritage and native users of Polish has never been the subject of a comprehensive comparison. The first extensive empirical data were gathered by the Jagiellonian University research team in the project Heritage and native language – a comparison of language competences of teenage Polish and heritage learners. In the first stage of the present study, vocabulary tests of the two groups were analyzed. The results showed few differences in receptive knowledge, but in productive knowledge heritage users lagged behind. Therefore, in the second stage, selected essays were compared in terms of their vocabulary profiles. It was found that native and heritage language users’ lexical profiles differ markedly, to the considerable disadvantage of heritage users. Polish educators responsible for the schooling of migrant children must be aware of this, as too often heritage speakers who enter home schools after (re)immigration are treated as if there were native users. This however, as this research has clearly shown, is by no means the case.
On the effects of L2 aptitude, phonological short-term memory, and L2 motivation on L2 listening performance
Authors: Véliz-Campos Mauricio , Cerda-Oñate Karina , Biedroń Adriana , Rojas-Barahona Cristian A. , Veliz Leonardo
Published: September 2024

L2 learning is influenced by both individual learner variables and contextual factors. Contextual factors have been extensively researched, but although internal learner-specific variables have received attention, this has been to a lesser extent. Among these internal variables, L2 motivation and L2 aptitude are likely the most significant predictors of L2 learning progress and listening performance. This study explored the effects of (i) L2 motivation, following the L2 Motivational Self-System model; (ii) L2 aptitude; and (iii) phonological short-term memory (PSTM) on L2 listening performance. These variables combined have not yet been studied with reference to L2 listening. In this correlational study, a listening test was taken as a pre- and post-test in a sample of 104 Year 1 and Year 2 English language pre-service teachers from a Chilean University three months apart. L2 aptitude and PSTM measures were taken using the first two sections of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) for the former variable, and a non-word repetition task for the latter. The results suggest that PSTM, but not L2 aptitude, predicted listening performance at time 2. Also, the results indicate that after adjusting for listening performance at time 1, the only motivational factor predicting listening performance at time 2 was learning experience.
Liouville's type results for singular anisotropic operators
Authors: Maria Cassanello Filippo , Bashayer Majrashi , Vincenzo Vespri
Published: September 2024

We present two Liouville-type results for solutions to anisotropic elliptic equations that have a growth of power 2 along the first

s

s

coordinate directions and of power

p

p

, with

1
<
p
<
2

1\lt p\lt 2

along the other

(

N
−
s

)

\left(N-s)

ones. First, we begin our investigation by assuming that the solution is bounded only from below, deriving a rigidity result for the range

p
+

(

N
−
s

)

(

p
−
2

)

>
0

p+\left(N-s)\left(p-2)\gt 0

of non-degeneration, which is a purely parabolic shade. Then we break free from this constraint at the price of assuming the solution to be bounded also from above.
Rockfall mapping and susceptibility evaluation based on UAV high-resolution imagery and support vector machine method
Authors: Zhao Longhui , Qin Yigen , Yang Genlan , Zhang Wuzhou , Lu Kunpeng
Published: September 2024

This study aims to develop a comprehensive method for automated rockfall mapping and susceptibility assessment using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. By employing Jinzhong Town in the mountainous forest landscapes of Southwest China as a case study, we leverage photogrammetry principles and computer vision algorithms to generate high-precision, high-resolution digital surface models (DSMs), and digital orthophoto maps through a UAV remote sensing system. The rockfall inventory is accurately and automatically mapped using the object-based classification method and SVM algorithm. The automated rockfall identification method achieves a 93% accuracy with a Kappa coefficient of 0.7967. Statistical analyses of spatial distribution characteristics reveal a significant correlation between rockfall volume and area with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.92316 under logarithmic coordinates. In addition, a power function relationship describes the link between rockfall volume and slope height (R² = 0.87), while the relationship with sliding distance is characterized by a weaker linear correlation (R² = 0.65). Rockfall runout distance also shows a significant linear correlation with slope height (R² = 0.79) but exhibits a less-pronounced association with rockfall volume (R² = 0.58). The SVM model employed to assess rockfall susceptibility indicates high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.896), affirming its efficacy in rockfall susceptibility assessment. Our findings underscore the utility of UAV remote sensing for rockfall information extraction and susceptibility evaluation, particularly in challenging mountainous forest environments characterized by intricate topography and geological complexities.
Countering Democratic Decay Judicially: Is Resistance Futile?
Authors: Petrov Jan
Published: September 2024

With democratic decay advancing around the globe, scholars deeply disagree about courts’ ability to protect democracy. I argue that this divergence is influenced by conceptual and theoretical deficiencies of the debate. The existing approaches to judicial responses to democratic decay often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences among courts and the environments in which they operate. To tackle these issues, this article introduces the judicial countering capacity frame as an analytical tool to guide further empirical analysis. The framework recognizes courts’ agency but emphasizes the constraints and resources stemming from the environment in which a court operates. Moving away from single-factor explanations, I make a case for a multicausal understanding of judicial countering of democratic decay. I argue that the extent of a court’s countering capacity rests on three pillars: institutional design, the level of political pluralism, and political culture towards courts. The judicial countering capacity frame invites an empirically oriented agenda focusing on micro-mechanisms of judicial countering, their effectiveness, structural preconditions, and the plausibility of available judicial strategies. The article demonstrates the new frame on case studies of Colombia, South Africa and Poland.
Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Border-Enforcement Measures
Authors: Robbins Michael W. , Treyger Elina , Chang Joseph C.
Published: September 2024

In this article, we seek to establish a causal connection between border-enforcement actions or policies and metrics that might be used to measure relevant outcomes at the border. Applying quasi-experimental methods, we investigate the impact of surveillance technology on levels of U.S. Border Patrol apprehensions of unlawful border-crossers between ports of entry along the southwest border. Our analysis offers insights into some of the effects of surveillance technology and serves as a demonstration of concept for the usefulness of such statistical methods. The most robust finding is that deploying one type of technology – integrated fixed towers (IFTs) – is associated with decreased apprehension levels in the zones of deployment. Although we emphasize ambiguity in the meaning of the results and the uncertainty in statistical inference with relatively small numbers of deployments, we conclude that there is strong evidence that some migrants were deterred from crossing surveilled areas of the border. The results are more inconclusive for other surveillance assets, but there are suggestions that some may elevate apprehension levels, pointing to a boost to the U.S. Border Patrol’s situational awareness. Statistical methods both hold promise and have limitations for the study of the impact of border-enforcement measures beyond the analysis in this study. Although these methods cannot, on their own, yield clear answers in every case, they do have the potential to help policymakers understand and anticipate the impact and effectiveness of different border-enforcement measures.
On generalized shifts of the Mellin transform of the Riemann zeta-function
Authors: Laurinčikas Antanas , Šiaučiūnas Darius
Published: September 2024

In this article, we consider the asymptotic behaviour of the modified Mellin transform

Z

(

s

)

{\mathcal{Z}}\left(s)

,

s
=
σ
+
i
t

s=\sigma +it

, of the Riemann zeta-function using weak convergence of probability measures in the space of analytic functions defined by means of shifts

Z

(

s
+
i
φ

(

τ

)

)

{\mathcal{Z}}\left(s+i\varphi \left(\tau ))

, where

φ

(

τ

)

\varphi \left(\tau )

is a real increasing to

+
∞

+\infty

differentiable function with monotonically decreasing derivative satisfying a certain estimate connected to the second moment of

Z

(

s

)

{\mathcal{Z}}\left(s)

. We prove in this case that the limit measure is concentrated at the point

g

0

(

s

)

≡
0

{g}_{0}\left(s)\equiv 0

. This result is applied to the approximation of

g

0

(

s

)

{g}_{0}\left(s)

by shifts

Z

(

s
+
i
φ

(

τ

)

)

{\mathcal{Z}}\left(s+i\varphi \left(\tau ))

.
Synergistic extraction of some divalent cations into nitrobenzene by using dicarbollylcobaltate and substituted calix[5]arenes
Authors: Vaňura Petr , Selucký Pavel
Published: September 2024

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibriums Sr2+ (aq) + 2 picrate (aq) + L (nb) ⇔ SrL2+ (nb) + 2 picrate (nb) and M2+ (aq) + SrL2+ (nb) ⇔ ML2+ (nb) + Sr2+ (aq) taking place in the two–phase water–nitrobenzene system (M2+ = Ca2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+,

UO
2

2
+

${\text{UO}}_{2}^{2+}$

; L = substituted calix[5]arenes; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated. Moreover, the stability constants of the ML2+ complexes in nitrobenzene saturated with water were calculated. Very high stability constants of pentaethyl p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene pentaacetate ligand with Ba2+ cation has been found.
Особливості схемотопологічного проектування і моделювання топології операційного підсилювача на КМОН-структурах для біомедичних застосувань
Authors: Когут І.Т. , Дзундза Б.С. , Голота В.І. , Грига В.М. , Штунь М.В. , Моргун А.В. , Півненко В.М.
Published: September 2024

В роботі наведено результати схемотопологічного проектування і ком'ютерного моделювання операційного підсилювача на основі комплементарних (КМОН)-структур за стандартною промисловою планарною КМОН-технологією на кремнієвих пластинах КДБ-40 з кишенями n-типу провідності. Операційний підсилювач розроблявся для реалізації інтегрального перетворювача сигналів (ІПС)  фотоплетизмографії, особливістю якого є можливість регулювання та фільтрація амплітуди постійної складової у підсиленому сигналі від діодного фоточутливого елементу в діапазоні хвиль 400 - 1040 нм. Розроблений ІПС є придатним для створення реальних пристроїв в інтегральному виконанні, як елемент сенсорних мікросистем-на-кристалі або інтелектуальних сенсорів.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous media using magnesium-substituted copper ferrite as a magnetic catalyst
Authors: Mazurenko Julia , Kaykan Larysa , Moklyak Volodymyr , Petryshyn Mykhailo , Mazurenko Oleksandr , Leleko Sofiia
Published: September 2024

In this study, copper nanosized ferrites substituted with magnesium ions were synthesized using the sol-gel self-combustion method, with polyethylene glycol (MW 2000) serving as both fuel and chelating agent. Structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that all samples crystallized as cubic spinels with space group Fd3m. Optical studies showed band gaps increasing from 1.51 eV for CuFe2O4 to 1.62 eV for MgFe2O4, suggesting modifications in electronic structure due to magnesium substitution. Photocatalytic studies revealed that CuFe2O4 exhibited the most efficient degradation of Methylene Blue dye, with near-complete degradation at 160 minutes. Magnesium-substituted samples (x = 0.4 and x = 0.6) also showed significant degradation, though at a slower rate compared to pure CuFe2O4. Photocatalytic performance, particularly in degrading Methylene Blue, was evaluated using various kinetic models such as First- and Second-Order Kinetics, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the two-parameter Weibull distribution.
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE CONCENTRATION IN RUSSIA IN 2022
Authors: АНДРЕЕВ В.В. , АРШИНОВ М.Ю. , БЕЛАН Б.Д. , БЕЛАН С.Б. , ДАВЫДОВ Д.К. , ДЕМИН В.И. , ДУДОРОВА Н.В. , ЕЛАНСКИЙ Н.Ф. , ЖАМСУЕВА Г.С. , ЗАЯХАНОВ А.С. , ИВАНОВ Р.В. , ИВЛЕВ Г.А. , КОЗЛОВ А.В. , КОНОВАЛЬЦЕВА Л.В. , КОРЕНСКИЙ М.Ю. , КОТЕЛЬНИКОВ С.Н. , КУЗНЕЦОВА И.Н. , ЛАПЧЕНКО В.А. , ЛЕЗИНА Е.А. , ОБОЛКИН В.А. , ПОСТЫЛЯКОВ О.В. , ПОТЕМКИН В.Л. , САВКИН Д.Е. , СЕМУТНИКОВА Е.Г. , СЕНИК И.А. , СТЕПАНОВ Е.В. , ТОЛМАЧЕВ Г.Н. , ФОФОНОВ А.В. , ХОДЖЕР Т.В. , ЧЕЛИБАНОВ И.В. , ЧЕЛИБАНОВ В.П. , ШИРОТОВ В.В. , ШУКУРОВ К.А.
Published: September 2024

Рассматривается распределение тропосферного озона на территории России в 2022 г. по данным 33 станций, расположенных в разных физико-географических зонах, а также его вертикальное распределение по результатам самолетного зондирования. Показано, что во всех пунктах измерений превышались предельно допустимые среднесуточные концентрации, установленные отечественным гигиеническим нормативом. В отдельных регионах фиксируется превышение предельно допустимых концентраций рабочей зоны и максимальных разовых среднечасовых концентраций в сложившейся ситуации необходимо широко информировать население о результатах мониторинга и проводить мероприятия по снижению уровня концентрации озона в приземном слое воздуха.

The work considers the distribution of tropospheric ozone in Russia in 2022 according to 33 stations located in different physical and geographical zones, as well as its vertical distribution according to the results of aircraft sensing. It was shown that ozone concentration stations the maximum permissible daily average concentrations established by the domestic hygienic standard at all exceed. In some regions, the maximum permissible concentrations of the working zone and the maximum one-time hourly average concentrations are exceeded. The current situation causes the need to widely inform the population about the monitoring results and develop environmental measures to reduce the level of ozone concentration in the surface air layer.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVECTIVE CLOUDS PRODUCING HEAVY PRECIPITATION IN NORTHWEST RUSSIA
Authors: СИНЬКЕВИЧ А.А. , МИХАЙЛОВСКИЙ Ю.П. , КУРОВ А.Б. , ТАРАБУКИН И.А. , ВЕРЕМЕЙ Н.Е. , ДМИТРИЕВА О.А. , ТОРГУНАКОВ Р.Е. , ТОРОПОВА М.Л.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрены характеристики облаков, сформировавших очень интенсивные осадки в Санкт-Петербурге и Ленинградской области 18 июня 2020 г. Рассматривались данные измерений радиолокатора ДМРЛ-С, весовых осадкомеров Pluvio2 200 и грозопеленгационной системы Blitzortung. Оценена возможность применения различных значений коэффициентов в Z - R -соотношении Маршалла-Пальмера для измерения таких осадков. Показано, что целесообразно использовать удельную дифференциальную фазу для расчета интенсивности осадков в случае, когда она превышает 30 мм/ч и осадки состоят из дождевых капель и града. Верхняя граница облаков была выше 12 км, максимальная отражаемость была больше 52 дБZ, максимальная интенсивность осадков могла превышать 160 мм/ч. Значительный объем облака занимали частицы града, которые фиксировались от земной поверхности вплоть до высоты 10 км. Наибольшая отражаемость регистрировалась в зоне осадков, а также в области таяния гидрометеоров. Все исследованные облака были грозовыми. Отмечено наличие достаточно высокой корреляции между частотой молний и интенсивностью осадков. Коэффициент корреляции Спирмена превысил 0,7.

Characteristics of clouds which produced heavy precipitation in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region on June 18, 2020 are considered based on measurements with C-band Doppler radar, Pluvio2 200 weight precipitation gauges, and Blitzortung lightning detection system. To assess the intensity of precipitation, different values of the coefficients in the Marshall-Palmer Z - R ratio are studied. We show that it is reasonable to use the specific differential phase to calculate the precipitation intensity when it exceeds 30 mm/hour and precipitation consists of raindrops and hail. The top of the clouds exceeded 12 km, the maximal reflectivity was higher than 52 dBZ, the maximal precipitation intensity could exceed 160 mm/hr. A significant volume of a cloud was occupied by hail particles, which were recorded from the earth's surface up to an altitude of 10 km. The highest reflectance was recorded in the precipitation zone, as well as in the hydrometeors melting area. All the clouds under study were thunderstorm. A sufficiently high correlation between the frequency of lightning and the intensity of precipitation is noted. Spearman's correlation coefficient exceeds 0.7.
MODERNIZATION OF THE "LOZA-A2" LIDAR FOR SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF THE VIBRATIONAL-ROTATIONAL AND PURELY ROTATIONAL RAMAN SPECTRA
Authors: БАЛИН Ю.С. , КЛЕМАШЕВА М.Г. , КОХАНЕНКО Г.П. , НАСОНОВ С.В. , НОВОСЕЛОВ М.М. , САМОЙЛОВА С.В. , ПЕННЕР И.Э.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты модернизации мобильного аэрозольно-рамановского лидара «ЛОЗА-А2». Наряду с измерениями колебательной компоненты спонтанного комбинационного рассеяния (СКР) лидарных сигналов лидар одновременно измеряет сигналы чисто вращательного комбинационного рассеяния. Рассмотрена методология интерпретации лидарных данных СКР-зондирования. Получены данные одновременных измерений колебательной-вращательной и чисто вращательной компонент СКР при зондирование атмосферы над озером Байкал. Представлены результаты восстановления вертикальных профилей оптических характеристик атмосферы для длины волны 532 нм по этим данным.

The results of the modernization of the mobile aerosol Raman lidar "LOZA-A2" are presented. Along with measurements of the vibrational component of spontaneous Raman scattering of lidar signals simultaneous measurements of signals of purely rotational Raman scattering are carried out. The technique for interpreting Raman lidar sensing data is considered. The data of simultaneous measurements of the vibrational-rotational and purely rotational components of the Raman scattering during sounding of the atmosphere above Lake Baikal are obtained. The results of retrieving the vertical profiles of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere at a wavelength 532 nm from these data are presented.