bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Clinical Simulation Video to Evaluate Multiple Domains of Clinical Competence: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shikino Kiyoshi , Nishizaki Yuji , Fukui Sho , Yokokawa Daiki , Yamamoto Yu , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Shimizu Taro , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: January 2024

Background

Medical students in Japan undergo a 2-year postgraduate residency program to acquire clinical knowledge and general medical skills. The General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) assesses postgraduate residents’ clinical knowledge. A clinical simulation video (CSV) may assess learners’ interpersonal abilities.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GM-ITE scores and resident physicians’ diagnostic skills by having them watch a CSV and to explore resident physicians’ perceptions of the CSV’s realism, educational value, and impact on their motivation to learn.

Methods

The participants included 56 postgraduate medical residents who took the GM-ITE between January 21 and January 28, 2021; watched the CSV; and then provided a diagnosis. The CSV and GM-ITE scores were compared, and the validity of the simulations was examined using discrimination indices, wherein ≥0.20 indicated high discriminatory power and >0.40 indicated a very good measure of the subject’s qualifications. Additionally, we administered an anonymous questionnaire to ascertain participants’ views on the realism and educational value of the CSV and its impact on their motivation to learn.

Results

Of the 56 participants, 6 (11%) provided the correct diagnosis, and all were from the second postgraduate year. All domains indicated high discriminatory power. The (anonymous) follow-up responses indicated that the CSV format was more suitable than the conventional GM-ITE for assessing clinical competence. The anonymous survey revealed that 12 (52%) participants found the CSV format more suitable than the GM-ITE for assessing clinical competence, 18 (78%) affirmed the realism of the video simulation, and 17 (74%) indicated that the experience increased their motivation to learn.

Conclusions

The findings indicated that CSV modules simulating real-world clinical examinations were successful in assessing examinees’ clinical competence across multiple domains. The study demonstrated that the CSV not only augmented the assessment of diagnostic skills but also positively impacted learners’ motivation, suggesting a multifaceted role for simulation in medical education.
Research on Teaching Reform of "Engineering Fluid Mechanics" Based on Curriculum Ideology and Politics
Authors: Li Chengyun
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore the teaching reform of Engineering Fluid Mechanics based on the concept of curriculum ideology and politics, in order to meet the needs of contemporary engineering education. The section on curriculum ideology and politics and Engineering Fluid Mechanics discusses the connotation, importance, teaching challenges, and the interrelation between curriculum ideology and politics and Engineering Fluid Mechanics. The teaching reform strategies section proposes directions for reform, including restructuring course objectives, adjusting teaching materials and teaching aids, innovating teaching methods, and improving assessment methods. The case analysis and practical experience section presents a summary of specific case analyses and practical experiences to inspire other educators. Finally, the teaching effectiveness evaluation section focuses on students' learning outcomes, feedback, and teachers' teaching experiences to verify the actual effects of the teaching reform.
Effect of Low-Quality Embryo on Adverse Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Huang Xianju , Bi Beibei , Lu Xinle , Chao Ludan , Cui Qiuying
Published: January 2024

Background: This retrospective study focused on whether low-quality embryos have the risk on perinatal and obstetric outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled 600 women undergoing fresh embryos transfer (ET) cycles between June 2019 and December 2022. The patients were stratified into two groups, high-quality embryo group and low-quality embryo group. In both groups, the perinatal and obstetric outcomes were the primary outcomes. Moreover, we conducted a multi-variable logistic regression analysis, where additional possible confounding factors were controlled, to determine how diverse embryo qualities affected the primary outcomes. Results: The results showed that compared with the low-quality group, the high-quality group showed increased clinical pregnancy (63.33% vs 26.33%) as well as a higher number of live birth rates (52.67% vs 18.33%) (P＜0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in unfavorable perinatal and obstetric outcomes between high- and low-quality groups (p＞0.05). Similarly, the transfer of blastocysts developing from high-quality embryos led to increased clinical pregnancy rates (84.50% vs 48.05%, p<0.001) and live birth rates (74.64% vs 38.96%, p<0.001). Transfer of blastocysts developing from low-quality embryos did not impact the unfavorable perinatal or obstetric outcomes. The logistic regression analysis showed that low-quality could not increase the unfavorable perinatal or obstetric outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, low-quality ET does not increase the risk of unfavorable perinatal or obstetric outcomes. Overall, compared to low-quality embryos, the transfer of high-quality embryos increases the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates.
Exploring the State of Natural language Processing: A Survey of Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Scope
Authors: R Rakhi Krishna C , R Pallavi N , SV Dr. Shashikala
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Recent developments in deep learning have largely been responsible for the excellent performance on benchmark datasets of natural language processing algorithms. These advancements have greatly enhanced the capabilities of NLP systems utilised in programmes like sentiment analysis, speech recognition, and virtual assistants. However, the vulnerability of these systems to adversarial attacks has revealed the limitations in their robustness and language understanding abilities, which poses challenges when deploying NLP systems in real-world scenarios. This study provides a thorough analysis of studies on NLP robustness, providing a structured overview across multiple dimensions. We explore a variety of robustness-related topics, including as methodologies, measures, embedding, and benchmarking. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for a multidimensional perspective on robustness and offer insights into ongoing research efforts while identifying gaps in the literature. We propose potential directions for future exploration aimed at addressing these gaps and enhancing the robustness of NLP systems.
Advancing Wireless Sensor Network Security through the Implementation of Homomorphic Encryption for Secure and Private Image Processing
Authors: Idris Imam Adam , issahku Fadilul-lah Yassaanah
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Data security and privacy in image processing are of utmost concern. This paper presents an innovative architecture for integrating Homomorphic Encryption (HE) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), focusing on enhancing data security and privacy in image processing. Central to this architecture are sensor nodes equipped with Paillier Homomorphic Encryption capabilities, ensuring data confidentiality from the collection point. The network features intermediate aggregator nodes that perform homomorphic computations, such as summing or averaging, on encrypted data, maintaining its confidentiality. The central server, equipped with the private key, decrypts the aggregated data and is pivotal for complex data analyses, ensuring secrecy until the final stage. This architecture, characterized by the implementation of Homomorphic Encryption, allows for secure data encryption at the sensor nodes and its subsequent processing in an encrypted form. The design is bolstered by a robust mathematical framework, enhancing the system's security and effectiveness. This approach secures data within WSNs and harnesses the advanced capabilities of Homomorphic Encryption for data privacy and safety throughout the network's lifecycle
Seismic Analysis of G+15 RC Shear wall multistoried Building With different Shear wall Index
Authors: Bhawsar Abhishek , Golghate Kavita
Published: January 2024

Abstract: A commonly employed system for resisting lateral loads in buildings is the shear wall system. Shear walls possess notable in-plane stiffness and strength, enabling them to effectively counteract substantial horizontal loads while also providing support for gravity loads. This dual functionality makes shear walls highly advantageous for enhancing the seismic performance of buildings. They play a pivotal role in contributing substantial lateral stiffness, strength, overall ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. To investigate the impact of shear wall configuration on the seismic performance of buildings, we have introduced shear walls at various locations with different wall indices on the building plan, such as side center shear walls, corner shear walls, and shear walls positioned near the center of the building plan. The primary objective of this study is to assess how the arrangement of shear walls influences the seismic behaviour of buildings. In the present study, our focus is directed towards determining the effect of shear wall configuration on the seismic performance of buildings through the introduction of shear walls at different locations with varying wall indices on the building plan.
TECNOLOGIA BLOCKCHAIN APLICADA NO SETOR DE SAÚDE: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARCIAL DO EFEITO MEDIADOR
Authors: Pereira da Silva Marcelo , Giro Moori Roberto , Machado Sivanilza
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Examinar o uso da tecnologia blockchain como fator mediador na relação entre a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos da indústria farmacêutica e o desempenho operacional da cadeia.
Método/abordagem: Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa por meio de questionário estruturado com 103 empresas usuárias da blockchain do setor de saúde. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a modelagem em equações estruturais, considerando os parâmetros de testes de validade convergente, alfa de Cronbach, confiabilidade composta, variância média extraída e validade discriminante pelo critério de Fornell e Larcker.
Principais Resultados: Foi evidenciado que cerca de 86,5% das empresas estão em fase embrionária quanto ao uso da blockchain. Após a análise fatorial, observou-se que das 32 assertivas da base original, 17 foram significativas para o modelo. O modelo proposto foi considerado adequado pelos parâmetros de validação. Os resultados revelaram que o uso da blockchain medeia parcialmente a relação entre gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e desempenho operacional.
Contribuições teóricas/práticas/sociais: O estudo demonstrou que o uso da tecnologia blockchain tem impacto na gestão da cadeia suprimento. Assim, cadeias de suprimentos enxutas devem se familiarizar com a tecnologia blockchain como uma ferramenta para eliminar desperdícios invisíveis e atender melhor os clientes.
Originalidade/relevância: O resultado do trabalho preenche uma lacuna de conhecimento com o desenvolvimento do modelo teórico-empírico que relaciona a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos com uma tecnologia inovadora. Além disso, amplia possibilidades de pesquisas e sobretudo na compreensão, difusão e popularização na aplicação em sistemas produtivos complexos como as atuantes nas cadeias de suprimentos enxutas, podendo ser estendida para outras cadeias como as ágeis e inovadoras.
Are Institutions Improving the Contribution of Remittances to Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Habib Hajer
Published: January 2024

This paper is to test the hypothesis that better governance can improve the response of remittances on economic growth. Using panel data for 12 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period of 2002 to 2020, the various estimates were carried out by the system generalised method of moments (GMM) method to examine the problem of endogeneity, and unobserved heterogeneity. The results indicate that migrant remittances have a direct negative link to economic growth due to it being mainly used for consumption. This increases the likelihood of dependency, which leads to the reduction of labour supply. The joint relationship between the governance composite index, and remittances, may moderate this negative effect on economic growth. However, considering the individual dimensions of governance, this shows that only the interaction between remittances and the control of corruption gives a positive and significant impact. The interaction between remittances and the five other governance quality indicators appears to be negative and insignificant. This shows that political instability, ineffective government, and poor regulatory quality encourages money transfer through informal channels that thwart economic growth in MENA countries.
Economía circular en México: casos de éxito y desafíos frente al COVID-19
Authors: Gómez - García César René
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo el análisis del desarrollo de la economía circular en México durante el COVID-19, esto al comprender que la experiencia vivida colocó en el centro de atención la necesidad de reconfigurar los procesos en el uso de energías, suministro de agua, control de contaminación y producción de las empresas mexicanas. Para este trabajo se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de tipo descriptiva y de carácter documental de la situación económica en el país, por lo que fue posible apreciar aquellas empresas que han ejecutado la aplicación de la economía circular. Este análisis nos permitió discutir avances y situaciones particulares del estudio, observando que existe una gran área de oportunidad derivada de la economía circular aplicada en el territorio mexicano, por lo que resultó en una reflexión sobre el creciente interés de la economía circular en México y en los esfuerzos para impulsarla por parte de las empresas, esto con miras a favorecer el medio ambiente e innovar en la forma en que se realizan sus procesos de producción.
Analysis of ICESat-2 Data Acquisition Algorithm Parameter Enhancements to Improve Worldwide Bathymetric Coverage
Authors: Dietrich James , Reese Ann R Rackley , Gibbons Aimée , Magruder Lori A. , Parrish Christopher
Published: January 2024

A major advance in global bathymetric observation occurred in 2018 with
the launch of NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite, carrying a green-wavelength,
photon-counting lidar, the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System
(ATLAS). Although bathymetric measurement was not initially a design
goal for the mission, pre- and post-launch studies revealed ATLAS’s
notable bathymetric mapping capability. ICESat-2 bathymetry has been
used to support a wide range of coastal and nearshore science
objectives. However, analysis of ICESat-2 bathymetry in numerous
locations around the world revealed instances of missing or clipped
bathymetry in areas where bathymetric measurement should be feasible.
These missing data were due to the ATLAS receiver algorithms not being
optimized for bathymetry capture. To address this, two updates have been
made to ICESat-2’s receiver algorithm parameters with the goal of
increasing the area for which ICESat-2 can provide bathymetry. This
paper details the parameter changes and presents the results of a
two-phased study designed to investigate ICESat-2’s bathymetry
enhancements at both local and global scales. The results of both phases
confirm that the new parameters achieved the intended goal of increasing
the amount of bathymetry provided by ICESat-2. The site-specific phase
demonstrates the ability to fill critical bathymetric data gaps in open
ocean and coastal settings. The global analysis shows that the area of
potential bathymetry approximately doubled, with 6.1 million
km of new area in which bathymetric measurements may
be feasible. These enhancements are anticipated to facilitate a range of
science objectives and close the gap between ICESat-2 bathymetry and
offshore sonar data.
The SDGs provide limited evidence that environmental policies are delivering multiple ecological and social benefits
Authors: Fairbrass Alison , O'Sullivan Aidan , Campbell Jillian , Ekins Paul
Published: January 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming for global targets by
2030, are tracked by a monitoring framework comprising 231
environmental, social, and economic indicators. The framework provides
data to assess whether, across countries, environmental policies are: 1.
Addressing environmental pressures, 2. Linked to environmental
improvements, and 3. Linked with social benefits delivered by healthy
environments. While several studies have analysed the implementation and
impacts of the SDGs, there remains a critical research gap in assessing
the linkage between environmental policies and their potential to
deliver multiple ecological and social benefits. This study examines the
efficacy of environmental policies and their implications for global
environmental health and social wellbeing. We use a generalised linear
modeling approach to test for correlations between SDG indicators. We
show that some environmental policies, particularly protected areas and
sustainable forest certification, are linked with environmental
improvements, mainly in forest and water ecosystems. However, we find no
evidence that environmental improvements are linked with positive social
impacts. Finally, environmental pressures, including freshwater
withdrawal, domestic material consumption, and tourism, are linked with
environmental degradation. Environmental policy responses are generally
increasing across countries. Despite this, the state of the environment
globally continues to decline. Governments must focus on understanding
why environmental policies have not been sufficient to reverse
environmental decline, particularly concerning the pressures that
continue to degrade the environment. To better track progress towards
sustainable development, we recommend that the SDG monitoring framework
is supplemented with additional indicators on the state of the
environment.
Unoccupied aerial systems adoption in agricultural research
Authors: Lachowiec Jennifer , Feldman Max J , Matias Filipe Inacio , Lebauer David , Gregory Alexander
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive survey and subject-expert interviews conducted among
agricultural researchers investigated perceived value and barriers to
the adoption of unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) in agricultural
research.  The study involved 154 respondents from 21 countries
representing various agricultural sectors. The survey identified three
key applications considered most promising for UAS in agriculture:
precision agriculture, crop phenotyping/plant breeding, and crop
modeling. Over 80% of respondents rated UAS for phenotyping as
valuable, with 47.6% considering them very valuable. Among the
participants, 41% were already using UAS technology in their research,
while 49% expressed interest in future adoption. Current users highly
valued UAS for phenotyping, with 63.9% considering them very valuable,
compared to 39.4% of potential future users. The study also explored
barriers to UAS adoption. The most commonly reported barriers were the
“High cost of instruments/devices or software” (46.0%) and the “Lack
of knowledge or trained personnel to analyze data” (40.9%). These
barriers persisted as top concerns for both current and potential future
users. Respondents expressed a desire for detailed step-by-step
protocols for drone data processing pipelines (34.7%) and in-person
training for personnel (16.5%) as valuable resources for UAS adoption.
The research sheds light on the prevailing perceptions and challenges
associated with UAS usage in agricultural research, emphasizing the
potential of UAS in specific applications and identifying crucial
barriers to address for wider adoption in the agricultural sector.
Biogeochemical implication of massive episodic flood deposition: Model-Data integration
Authors: Nmor Stanley Ifeanyi , Viollier Eric , Pastor Lucie , Lansard Bruno , Rabouille Christophe
Published: January 2024

Coastal deltas are depocenter for materials transported from riverine
channels. Under regime of extreme flood events, this zone can experience
large sediment deposition within a short period. However, the
biogeochemical consequences of such disturbances on the carbon and other
element cycles are not fully understood. Using a coupled data-model
approach, we explore the early diagenesis responses of coastal sediment
influenced by two intense flood discharges (in spring and fall) by the
Rhône river in 2008. The data set shows that biogeochemical fluxes and
rates responded abruptly to this almost instantaneous change in sediment
deposition. These flood-related depositions increased organic carbon
mineralization by a factor of 2 to 6 compared to pre-flood levels,
previously dominated by sulfate reduction (72%), and methanogenesis
(8%). The two floods represented (organic-poor in spring and
organic-rich in fall) cause different responses of the diagenetic system
in terms of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes - the organic-poor
flood deposition induced a large storage of DIC in porewaters, whereas
the organic-rich induced a large efflux of DIC along the entire
relaxation. The model reveals that intense redox cycling and mineral
precipitation were responsible for the non-euxinic (sulfide-free)
sediment after flood deposition. The sequential flood depositions reveal
a temporary memory effect (i.e. an interaction between two successive
floods), with stronger effect for methane (44%), whose relatively long
relaxation timescale limits complete recovery before the next event 6
months after the first one. Increasing frequency and intensity of these
events could lead to memory accumulation of flood biogeochemical
signature.
Engineering rice to perform better under dynamic light regimes
Authors: Quebedeaux Jennifer , jones corbin , Jones Alan , Leakey Andrew , Hernandez Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Light levels change throughout the day, are affected by climate and
weather, and are filtered by the local environment. Switching between
low and high levels of light over varying periods of time experienced by
an organism in its environment shapes the tempo and mode of its light
detection system. Plants must respond to dynamic environmental
conditions and thus switch between efficient photosynthesis and
photoprotection. Receptors on the plasma membrane perceive extracellular
signals, such as photosynthetically-fixed sugars, are coupled to
cytoplasmic G proteins to transduce information to cytoplasmic proteins
and to amplify that signal to bring about changes like photosynthetic
efficiency in both short (e.g. enzymatic reactions) and long (e.g. plant
development) time scales. While G proteins have been shown to be
important in regulating various aspects of stomata and photosynthesis,
their role has yet to be fully understood. A regulator of G signaling
(RGS) has been shown to sense sugars fixed in photosynthesis. Thus, we
hypothesize that RGS mediates responses to dynamic light. The sequenced
genomes within the grass family are the only genomes throughout Plantae
known to lack RGS. By contrast, Setaria retains the RGS gene.
Thus, the RGS gene from Setaria was expressed in rice to better
understand the function of RGS. In this study, multiple transgenic
events were grown to investigate their phenotypic response. We
identified lines with altered stomatal patterning and rates of stomatal
closure in response to changing light levels that will be used in future
experiments.
Planning for the Use of Technology in the Education Sector
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Olebara Comfort Chinaza
Published: January 2024

Traditional teaching environment is becoming obsolete and boring to the present-day students. The reason for this feeling stems from the fact that more engaging and entertaining contents are available and only a click away. The classes also are getting more populated, with many students in developing countries desiring to have certificates and not intending to pursue a career in the field. The researcher proposes a hybrid teaching system, with technology employed in the demonstration and interaction of complex courses. This paper is a part of the preparatory for a technology teaching project. Qualitative analysis is employed to determine the impact of students’ gender and field of study on their acceptance of complex technology in teaching. To test for these, a questionnaire is administered and the responses coded and analyzed. The results show that gender has impact on the students’ acceptance of technology and field of study has relationship with the students’ acceptance of technology in learning. This work contributes to the body of knowledge by providing insight in the planning of education as well as in policy making. Details of the result are presented in the result and discussion section. Keywords: Education, Planning, Technology in Education, Education Policy Journal Reference Format: Olebara, C.C. (2020):: Planning for the Use of Technology in the Education Sector”. Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities & Development Journal Vol 6. No. 2. Pp 143-147. SMART Research Group, International Centre for IT & Development (ICITD), Southern University Baton Rouge, LA, USA. © Creative Research Publishers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BHI/V6N2P16
Comparison inequalities between polynomials with constraints on their zeros
Authors: Mir Abdullah , Hussain Adil
Published: January 2024

The goal of this paper is to obtain some comparison inequalities for a linear operator between polynomials in the plane. The polynomials under study have constraints on their zeros and the estimates obtained turn out to be generalizations of many classical inequalities for polynomials, including the well known Erd?s-Lax inequality and inequality of the Ankeny-Rivlin theorem.
External political efficacy and populist attitudes: Understanding the demand for populism in North Macedonia
Authors: Bliznakovski Jovan , Popovikj Misha , Reçica Vlora
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the underlying factors driving the demand for populism
in North Macedonia. It presents an argument on populist attitudes,
illustrating empirically that within this specific context, they are
primarily driven by heightened dissatisfaction with state institutions. This
dissatisfaction is manifested as perceived lack of external political
efficacy, with state mechanisms failing to foster citizen inclusion in
political processes. Additionally, this paper demonstrates that populism in
this country of South East Europe is also significantly influenced by
adherence to traditional values and beliefs in conspiracy theories. These
findings are discussed in relation to the dominant theories on populist
demand found in current literature. The objectives of this paper are
twofold. Firstly, it seeks to examine the applicability of current theories
to the case of North Macedonia. Secondly, it proposes a perspective on the
factors stimulating populism within this context. To assess the effects of
different factors on populist demand, we employ OLS regression modeling
using survey data collected in June 2021. This study contributes to the
existing literature on the demand side of populism, presenting findings from
a region not frequently examined in this regard-Southeast Europe,
specifically North Macedonia.
Black Chartered Accountants in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Global Implications for the Profession
Authors: Musundwa Sedzani , Hammond Theresa A.
Published: January 2024

SYNOPSIS

Although South Africa’s Apartheid system legally ended with the advent of democracy in 1994, by 2021 only 15 percent of chartered accountants were Black. This is despite the fact that 80 percent of the South African population is Black. We examine this underrepresentation through interviews with 22 Black South Africans who earned their chartered accountancy certification in the second decade of the 21st century. This study reveals the similarities and differences between the experiences of those we interviewed and those who initially broke into the profession in the 20th century (see Hammond, Clayton, and Arnold 2009). In both eras, entry to the field was constricted by professional closure. While the officially mandated educational and employment barriers that previous generations faced have been dismantled, Black aspirants continue to face immense barriers to entering the profession. Their experiences suggest ways forward in making the worldwide profession more diverse, equitable, and inclusive.
The Association of Baseline Factors with Glycemic Outcomes in the GRADE Study: A Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy , M. Cohen Robert , M. Butera Nicole , Kazemi Erin J. , Younes Naji , P. Rosin Samuel , Ahmann Andrew J. , A Hollander Priscilla , Krakoff Jonathan , L. Martin Catherine , Seaquist Elizabeth , W. Steffes Michael , Lachin John M.
Published: January 2024

Objective: To describe the individual and joint associations of baseline factors with glycemia, and with differential effectiveness of medications added to metformin.

Research Design and Methods: GRADE participants (type 2 diabetes for <10 years, HbA1c 6.8%-8.5% on metformin, N=5047) were randomly assigned to a basal insulin (glargine), sulfonylurea (glimepiride), glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (liraglutide), or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin). The glycemic outcome was HbA1c ≥7.0%, subsequently confirmed. Univariate, multivariate regression, and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses described the association of baseline factors with the glycemic outcome at years 1 and 4.

Results: In univariate analyses at baseline, younger age (<58 years), Hispanic ethnicity, high fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, lower insulin secretion, and relatively greater insulin resistance were associated with the glycemic outcome at years 1 and 4. No factors were associated with differential effectiveness of the medications by year 4. In multivariate analyses, treatment group, younger age, and higher baseline HbA1c and fasting glucose were jointly associated with the glycemic outcome by year 4. The superiority of glargine and liraglutide at year 4 persisted after controlling for multiple baseline factors. CART analyses indicated that younger participants and those with baseline HbA1c ≥7.4% were more likely to fail by year 4.

Conclusions: Several baseline factors were associated with the glycemic outcome but not with differential effectiveness of the four medications. Failure to maintain HbA1c <7% was largely driven by younger age and higher HbA1c at baseline. Factors that predict earlier glycemic deterioration could help target patients for more aggressive management.
Transspråking inn i barnehagekonteksten: En språkideologisk diskusjon av språknormer i pedagogiske praksiser
Authors: Alstad Gunhild Tomter , Pesch Anja Maria
Published: January 2024

Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i at ingen utdanningspraksis eller utdanningsteori er nøytral eller fri for normer og ideologier, og at det derfor er viktig å belyse hvordan pedagogiske praksiser i barnehagen – som transspråklige pedagogiske praksiser – også kan speile og reprodusere maktforhold, ideologier og normer. Vi retter søkelyset mot hvordan synet på språk som ligger til grunn for transspråking kan ha betydning for barnehageforskning og i barnehagepraksiser. Vi tar utgangspunkt i en pågående diskusjon i internasjonal forskning om betydningen av transspråking og hva det underliggende språksynet innebærer for både forskning og utdanningspraksis. Vi løfter deretter denne diskusjonen inn i norsk barnehagekontekst og viser hvordan sentrale elementer kan kontekstualiseres i skiftet fra US-amerikansk til norsk og europeisk kontekst, samtidig som praksiser kan bekrefte sentrale pedagogiske og profesjonsetiske perspektiv. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Translanguaging in Early Childhood Education Context: A Language Ideology Discussion on Language Norms and Pedagogical Practices
The starting point for this article is that no teaching practice nor theory is neutral or free of norms and ideologies. Therefore, it is important to shed light on how pedagogical practice in ECEC – such as pedagogical translanguaging – also may reflect and reproduce power relations, ideologies and norms. Different language ideologies, on which pedagogical translanguaging is based, may be significant for research or pedagogical practice. The article is based on the ongoing international discussion concerning the significance of translanguaging, the underlying view on language(s) and their implications for research and teaching practice. We discuss the relevance for Norwegian ECEC and point out how central elements may be contextualized in the transfer from a US- American to a Norwegian and European context and how translanguaging practices may confirm pedagogical and professional ethical perspectives.
The Interest of the Modified Lateral Supramalleolar Flap in the Management for Defect of Ankle
Authors: Ghita Belmaati Cherkaoui
Published: January 2024

Covering the defect of ankle substances as well as the defect of distal leg substances has long been a challenge for plastic surgeons. Through the experience of two clinical cases, we show the ease of survey, the clinical result and the effectiveness of the use of an externally supra-malleolar flap modified according to the Valenti technique for the coverage of the defects of substances.
Role of Balloon Angioplasty in the Salvage of Impending Arteriovenous Fistula Failure for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Hosny Ahmed Samir
Published: January 2024

As per the guidelines issued by the Kidney disease outcome quality initiative, autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most appropriate and best prescribed therapeutic strategy for hemodialysis procedure. Early detection of stenosed AVF increases the chances of a successful angioplasty by enhancing the patency rate for a longer period. This prospective observational study was conducted, with 87 evaluable hemodialysis patients, from September 2016 to January 2019. All patients were consented to perform endovascular intervention. The follow up was conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12 months. The mean patient age was 50.24 + 13.38.Hypertension (70.1%) and diabetes (28.7%) were noted comorbidities. About 78.1% of patients had brachiocephalic AVF, and 97.7% of lesions were stenotic juxta anastomotic. Also, 95.4% of patients had undergone hemodialysis through trans radial access. The primary and secondary patency rates at 12 months were 91.4% and 100%, respectively. Complications, including hematoma and surgical thrombectomy were noticed in 4.6% of patients. Balloon angioplasty procedure, either transradial or transbrachial, proved to be effective in all dysfunctioning AVF patients with > 30% stenosis. This can salvage the impending failure of AVF in hemodialysis patients with high primary and secondary patency rates over a year's time.
Aorto-Caval Fistula Following an Abdominal Infrarenal Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Gueldich Majdi
Published: January 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a chronic dilation of the aorta with a natural history toward enlargement and rupture. It’s a substantial burden on health care. Their incidence has increased during the past two decades, due in part to the aging of the population and the introduction of screening programmes. Although some patients have vague symptoms, such as back pain or abdominal pain, most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic until rupture, which leads to death in 66% of patients. The most important complication of infrarenal aortic aneurysms is rupture into the retroperitoneal space or the abdominal cavity. Rupture into the vena cava is uncommon. The incidence of aorto-caval fistulas varies from 2 % to 4 % of the cases. In this article we describe the case of an 81 years old man who had asymptomatic infrarenal aorticaneurysm ruptured into the retroperitoneum and into the inferior veina cava.
The Management of Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumors: About 10 Cases
Authors: MBARKI Imane
Published: January 2024

Objective: Digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a rare entity of neoplasia that represents 1% of digestive tumors, characterized by a heterogeneous biological, morphological, and clinical presentation. The aim of our study is to determine the particularities of the management of digestive NETs, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic modalities in comparison with the data of the existing literature, in order to improve the management of our patients. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study including all patients operated for histologically proven gastrointestinal NET, at the level of the department of visceral surgery A (Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat) between January 2012 and December 2016. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, histological, and therapeutic data, as well as the follow-up was produced using farms return. Results: 10 patients were included in this study. Four patients had pancreatic tumors (40%), two had small bowel tumors (20%) and two had unknown primitives tumors (20%). Six patients were metastatic at the diagnosis (60%) in the liver. The surgery was for curative intent in eight patients (80%) and palliative in two patients (20%), three patients underwent surgery on the hepatic metastases (30%). Five patients were in stage IV of their disease (50%). One patient is alive with his disease (10%), two are alive without disease (20%) and three died from their disease (30%). Conclusion: Improving the knowledge of NETs and accessibility of standard diagnostic means explain the increase in diagnosed cases. An update knowledge and collaboration between surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and oncologists are required.
The Gut-Brain Axis: How the Microbiome may Influence Brain Tumors, A Narrative Review
Authors: Farajirad Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Aim: To review the current literature and demonstrate the potential relationship between gut microbiome and brain tumor. Methods: A comprehensive search of the available literature was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID, Embase and other database to identify studies investigating the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain cancer. The search was limited to articles published in English between 2010 and 2022. Conclusion: While the research on the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain cancer is limited, the studies that have been conducted suggest that there may be a connection. The gut microbiome has been shown to play roles in a number of diseases, and some evidence suggests that it may also be involved in the development and progression of brain cancer. The gut microbiome may suggest a new method for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of brain cancer and further research in this area has the potential to lead to new and innovative strategies for managing this disease.
Molecular Identification of Seven Myxobolus Species (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in Cyprinids from India
Authors: Chaudhary Anshu
Published: January 2024

This communication aims to detect the myxozoan infection in some cyprinid fishes that were mostly cultured and commonly used for food in the Meerut region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Myxozoan were identified morphologically and for molecular analysis we have used previously established PCR assays for genetic marker ssrDNA then phylogenetic analysis was performed. Total seven species of Myxobolus were identified i.e., Myxobolus bhadrensis, Myxobolus kalavatiae, Myxobolus haldari from Labeo rohita, Myxobolus calbasui, Myxobolus catlae, from Cirrihinus reba and Cirrihinus mrigala, Myxobolus hosadurgensis from Cirrihinus mrigala and Myxobolus saranae from Labeo bata. An integrated comparative analysis of the ssrDNA gene supported the identification of the collected species and represents the phylogenetic position of all species. This work addresses the problems in the taxonomy of myxozoans in India, where molecular studies are less focused. My species parasitized similar hosts for which genetic data is the only way to make a clear distinction between species and their validity.
Epidemiological Characterization of Leptospirosis in Affective Animals in Santa Clara Municipality, Cuba 2018-2022
Authors: Fimia-Duarte Rigoberto
Published: January 2024

Leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease. The objective of the study was to characterize epidemiologically affectionate animal leptospirosis in the Santa Clara municipality, in the period 2018-2022. An observational, descriptive and crosssectional study was carried out. In the affected animal population, the incidence, trend, seasonality and endemic channel were determined in a five-year time series. The occurrence of outbreaks by year, morbidity, lethality, mortality, cases by area, seasonality, enzootic channels and trend in the canine and feline species of the territory were found. The incidence of animal leptospirosis in the municipality of Santa Clara is low, and the most affected areas were José Martí, Antón Díaz y La Gomera. Animal leptospirosis manifests a circumscribed enzootic behavior and with under-recording of the real state of the population of loving animals.
A Case Report of Follow-up about a Yorkshire Dog with Multinodular Bone Tumor with Development of Pulmonary Metastasis
Authors: Errante Paolo Ruggero
Published: January 2024

The multinodular bone tumor is a slow-growing, locally invasive malignant tumor capable of metastasizing. Its occurrence is greater in the flat bones of the skull and hard palate. The clinical signs depend on the location of tumor and are generally related to compression of adjacent structures. This report describes the follow-up of a case of multinodular bone tumor in a currently thirteen-year-old dog, Yorkshire Terrier breed, which was initially treated with neoformation in a region overlapping the topography of the left zygomatic arch and the caudal portion of the left mandibular branch. After performing a skull radiographic evaluation, computed tomography and laboratory investigation, surgical removal and histopathological examination were performed, which confirmed the suspicion of a multinodular bone tumor. Two years after surgery, pulmonary metastasis was found on the left side of the lung. At the time of this publication, the animal is in good general condition and without respiratory symptoms, despite progressive metastatic growth.
Clinical Case Reports 1983 - 87
Authors: Rao P Syamasundar
Published: January 2024

In this article five case reports were reviewed and include chylopericardium that developed after performing a Blalock-Taussig shunt, successful surgical repair of syndrome absent pulmonary valve with pulmonary arterioplasty but without replacement of the pulmonary valve, simultaneous occurrence of transient eosinophilic pulmonary infiltration secondary to intestinal schistosomiasis and mitral stenosis and their effective management, description of a rare variant of tricuspid atresia with atrioventricular canal, and successful drug therapy of congestive cardiomyopathy that developed due to chronic tachycardia. Discussion of uniqueness of these findings and management options were reviewed.
Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Mini Review
Authors: Raj Shrisha S
Published: January 2024

In order to increase agricultural yields, new technologies are frequently used in agriculture. Using nanoparticles in farming, known as nano-agriculture, can provide crops with a number of advantageous impacts. Potential new uses in biotechnology and agriculture are made possible by the advent of nanotechnology and the creation of new nanomaterials and gadgets. Materials that fit into the nanometric range and have at least one dimension less than a few hundred nanometers are referred to as nanoparticles. These substances would discharge fertilizers or insecticides at predetermined times and locations. Chemical discharge into the environment and harm to other plant tissues may be minimized by using nanoparticles labelled with agrochemicals or other compounds. The important function that nanoparticles play in plants is highlighted in this review. Furthermore, nanoscience offers fresh perspectives that help us comprehend the most effective way for nanoparticles to function in plants. Better plant growth and development result from the proper understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanism of nanoparticles in plants.
A Brief Review on Different Chromatographic Techniques
Authors: B Rushikesh
Published: January 2024

Chromatography is a separation process used to separate components in a mixture. The components of the mixture are dispersed in a liquid solution known as the mobile phase, which holds it through a structure containing another substance known as the stationary phase. Component separation requires differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. The analytical goal of chromatography is to determine the qualitative and quantitative chemical makeup of a sample and its primary purpose is to purify and extract one or more components of a sample. This paper will discuss the history and basics of what chromatography is meant and the main principles of how we can run it. In this review, we have briefly mentioned and focused on principle, types, schematic diagram and applications for each chromatographic type such as Column chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography, Gel-permeation (molecular sieve) chromatography, Affinity Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Gas chromatography, Dye-ligand Chromatography and High-pressure liquid chromatography.
A New Era of Healthcare: The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: K Vinchurkar
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is involved with computer system that deals with solving complex problems using symbolic programming. This model helps to reduce the time and save money while give a better way to understand the relationship between different formulations and processes parameters. The use of AI has been growing fast in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper focuses on the advantage of AI in several fields of the pharmaceutical zone such as drug discovery, Quality control, drug development, and clinical trials design etc. to mention a few names that helps to reduce the workload of humans and also achieve the goals in a short period. AI is a broad term that covers areas including artificial neural network (ANN) and machine learning (ML). Using ML allow for exact prediction and identification of pattern.