bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexity and Economic Policy: A Paradigm Shift or a Change in Perspective? A Review Essay on David Colander and Roland Kupers's Complexity and the Art of Public Policy
Authors: Kirman Alan
Published: June 2016

In their recent book, Colander and Kupers (2014) argue that viewing the economy as a complex adaptive system should change the way in which we make economic policy. This would necessitate a paradigm shift. Economics has, over time, tried to produce a coherent model to underpin the dominant laissez-faire liberal approach. But we have never proved, in that model, that left to their own devices, the participants in an economy will self-organize into a satisfactory state. This is an assumption. Complex interactive systems with direct interaction between heterogeneous agents may show no tendency to self-equilibrate and will undergo endogenous crises. Economists should concentrate on the emergence of certain patterns. Colander and Kupers suggest that we may be able to nudge the system into “good” basins of attraction. A more radical view is that there are no fixed basins of attraction; these change with the evolution of the system and it is illusory to believe that we can choose good basins. We may be able to recognize and influence the emergence of certain states of the economy, but we are far from Leon Walras's dream of economics as a science like astrophysics. (JEL B10, B20, C63, D04, E61)
A Review Essay on GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History by Diane Coyle
Authors: Syrquin Moshe
Published: June 2016

GDP, the most fundamental concept of aggregate economics, is often misunderstood and misused. In a brief book, Diane Coyle attempts to demystify and clarify the concept by providing what she calls “an affectionate history.” The product is a lucid and clear presentation that however must come with a caution sign. The story is often incomplete, and what it does contain is not always accurate. Among the salient and controversial topics discussed are the adequacy of GDP for the twenty-first century, the deficiencies of GDP as a measure of welfare, and the strange way in which banking services are calculated. (JEL B22, E01, E23)
The hanging/hanged patient and relevance to pre-hospital care
Authors: Gubbins Karen
Published: June 2016

Death and injury from hanging is a complex situation which requires careful and appropriate assessment and management in the pre-hospital environment. It is arguably an area of limited understanding and therefore may not be assessed and managed in the most effective manner. Most hanged/hanging patients will be found in their homes, rather than in institutions. It could be argued that due to prevalence as a suicide method, the majority of pre-hospital ambulance service staff will respond to at least one hanged or hanging patient within their careers, thus a greater understanding will benefit both clinician and patient. Patients who attempt or achieve suicide will rarely achieve fracturing the spine and severing the spinal cord, bringing into question the requirement for the traditional cervical collar and spinal immobilisation techniques. Death from asphyxiation and carotid/vagal reflex require consideration and management as does raised intracranial pressure, which is likely to occur.
What do ambulance service personnel perceive to be the process of and issues with inter-hospital transfers?
Authors: Rouse James
Published: June 2016

At present, the inter-hospital transfer process has been described as suboptimal and current literature fails to describe or analyse the complete transfer process. In particular, the challenges and barriers from UK NHS ambulance services are yet to be described. To examine this further, a study has been undertaken to explore a NHS ambulance service personnel's experiences, perceptions and issues relating to the inter-hospital transfer process.

The findings have shown that ambulance personnel approach inter-hospital transfers from a business perspective, which affects the way they process and perceive transfers. There exists a consensus among staff that the inter-hospital transfer policy or procedure is not fully understood, due to a lack of clarity and mixed messages throughout the process. Staff members view the inter-hospital transfer process as a nuisance and have acknowledged it was inadequately executed. Additionally, undertaking certain inter-hospital transfers is seen as challenging paramedics' professional identities.
A comparative audit of gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the neck in a South African metropolitan trauma service
Authors: Madsen AS , Laing GL , Bruce JL , Clarke DL
Published: June 2016

Introduction

The aim of this comparative study of gunshot wounds (GSWs) and stab wounds (SWs) to the neck was to quantify the impact of the mechanism of injury on the outcome and management of penetrating neck injury (PNI).

Methods

A prospective trauma registry was interrogated retrospectively. Data were analysed pertaining to demographics and injury severity score (ISS), physiology on presentation, anatomical site of wounds and injuries sustained, investigations, management, outcome and complications.

Results

There were 452 SW and 58 GSW cases over the 46 months of the study. Patients with GSWs were more likely to have extracervical injuries than those with SWs (69% vs 63%). The incidence of a ‘significant cervical injury’ was almost twice as high in the GSW cohort (55% vs 31%). For patients with transcervical GSWs, this increased to 80%. The mean ISS was 17 for GSW and 11 for SW patients. Those in the GSW cohort presented with threatened airways and a requirement for an emergency airway three times as often as patients with SWs (24% vs 7% and 14% vs 5% respectively). The incidence among GSW and SW patients respectively was 5% and 6% for airway injuries, 12% and 8% for injuries to the digestive tract, 21% and 16% for vascular injuries, 59% and 10% for associated cervical injuries, 36% and 14% for maxillofacial injuries, 16% and 9% for injuries to the head, and 35% and 45% for injuries to the chest. In the GSW group, 91% underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA), with 23% of these being positive for a vascular injury. For SWs, 74% of patients underwent CTA, with 17% positive for a vascular injury. Slightly more patients with GSWs required operative intervention than those with SWs (29% vs 26%).

Conclusions

Patients with GSWs to the neck have a worse outcome than those with injuries secondary to SWs. However, the proportion of neck injuries actually requiring direct surgical intervention is not increased and most cases with PNI secondary to GSWs can be managed conservatively with a good outcome. Imaging should be performed for all GSWs to the neck.
Development of a Brief Intervention to Improve Knowledge of Autism and Behavioral Strategies Among Parents in Tanzania
Authors: Harrison Ashley Johnson , Long Kristin A. , Manji Karim P. , Blane Karyn K.
Published: June 2016

Despite the global presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a paucity of treatment services exists in Tanzania and other low- and middle-income countries. The effect of delayed or low-quality treatments is enduring and contributes to lifelong variability in ASD-related functional impairments. Service disparities in Tanzania derive in part from a widespread lack of national ASD knowledge. Historically, in Western countries, parents have played a major role in increasing ASD awareness, advancing research, and encouraging empirically supported treatments. In the absence of established treatment services, parents of children with ASD have also learned to implement behavioral interventions to reduce the widening skills gaps. This article describes the development of an intervention designed to inform parents in Tanzania about ASD and empirically supported behavioral strategies. Preliminary data, collected from a clinical implementation with 29 Tanzanian families of children diagnosed with ASD or general developmental delays, support the initial feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. This brief intervention may help to ameliorate treatment disparities due to insufficient regional knowledge, language barriers, or limited service availability and may help improve functional outcomes among Tanzanian children with ASD.
Affect, Mediation and Subjectivity-as-Encounter: Finding the Feeling of the Foundling
Authors: Blackman Lisa
Published: June 2016

This article will take the subject of affect as a space of critical reflection on the limits of museums when conceived primarily as communications media. Drawing from a range of interdisciplinary debates across media and cultural theory, including the field of affect studies and approaches
to subjectivity, embodiment and mediation, the article will outline some core issues of relevance to curatorial practices. I will pose the question of what it might mean to enter into suggestive relations with another – human and non-human – by focusing upon the embodied experience
of visiting the Foundling Museum in London. The article will attempt to ‘find the feeling of the foundling’ in order to raise critical and creative questions about the entry of affect into the arts and humanities, and ways of newly conceiving interactive publics no longer considered
primarily as consumers of meaning.
Como pensar na globalização? Contributo sociológico para um modelo de análise interdisciplinar
Authors: Silva Augusto Santos
Published: June 2016

O artigo toma a globalização como um quadro para a análise dos processos económicos e sociais do nosso tempo. Começa pela crítica da ideologia da globalização como o triunfo inelutável da abertura e liberalização económica, contrapondo-lhe uma abordagem que pretende ser mais analítica. Nos termos desta, a compressão do espaço-tempo, a integração e interdependência do sistema mundial e a sua heterogeneidade desenham um novo contexto para as instituições e os atores. Para compreendê‑lo, precisamos de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, aproximando mais a economia, a sociologia e a ciência política, e colocando os factos em perspetiva histórica e geográfica. Assim podem ser exploradas novas perspetivas de análise, acrescentando-se valor ao conhecimento hoje disponível sobre a globalização.
Utility of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags to Study the Summer Dispersal and Habitat Occupancy of Dolly Varden in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Courtney Michael B. , Scanlon Brendan S. , Rikardsen Audun H. , Seitz Andrew C.
Published: June 2016

In Arctic Alaska, Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma is highly valued as a subsistence fish; however, little is known about its marine ecology. New advances in electronic tagging, such as pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs), provide scientists with a fishery-independent means of studying several aspects of this species’ movement and ecology. To evaluate the usefulness of this technology, we attached 52 PSATs to Dolly Varden in the Wulik River, which flows from northwestern Alaska into the Chukchi Sea, to study several characteristics of the marine habits of this species. Overall, PSATs provided unprecedented information about summer dispersal of Dolly Varden, including the first evidence of offshore dispersal in the Chukchi Sea, as well as previously documented dispersal types such as movement to other rivers and southerly nearshore movements in northwestern Alaska. On the basis of minimal observable evidence of tag-induced behavioral effects, as well as movements of more than 450 km by fish at liberty (i.e., between tag deployment and release or recapture), we conclude that PSATs offer an effective alternative method for studying several aspects of Dolly Varden dispersal and ecology in areas where it is not practical or feasible to capture these fish, such as coastal and offshore regions of Arctic Alaska
Wild Resources, Harvest Data and Food Security in Nunavut’s Qikiqtaaluk Region: A Diachronic Analysis + Online Supplementary Appendix Table S1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Wenzel George W. , Dolan Jessica , Brown Chloe
Published: June 2016

The security of the Inuit food system is the focus of extreme concern in Nunavut today. Despite this concern, little detailed analysis of the system’s traditional resource component has been done, primarily for lack of comprehensive recent information on harvesting. An exception is the harvest surveys carried out by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board (NWMB) from 1996 to 2001. This comprehensive survey provides potentially important, albeit temporally limited (five year), information on recent Inuit wildlife use. To overcome this temporal limitation, we compared the NWMB data to information from the Baffin Regional Inuit Association (BRIA) 1980 to 1984 harvest survey for the 13 communities of the Qikiqtaaluk-Baffin Region. Together, these datasets provide two five-year “windows” on wild resource use in Nunavut’s most populous region. This comparison indicates declines in the total volume and per capita availability of wild foods in most communities relative to the early 1980s. We conclude that a partial cause for this change was hunters’ reduced access to monetary resources after the collapse of the European sealskin market (ca. 1983 – 84). When coupled with rising harvesting costs, this change significantly reduced the number of intensively engaged harvesters relative to the region’s growing population.
Primary Cardiac Sarcoidosis with Syncope and Refractory Atrial Arrhythmia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Thangam Manoj , Nathan Sriram , Kar Biswajit , Petrovic Marija , Patel Manish , Loyalka Pranav , Buja L. Maximilian , Gregoric Igor D.
Published: June 2016

We discuss the case of a 38-year-old black man who presented at our hospital with his first episode of syncope, recently developed atrial arrhythmias refractory to pharmacologic therapy, and a left atrial thrombus. He was diagnosed with primary cardiac sarcoidosis characterized by predominant involvement of the epicardium that caused atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Histologic analysis of his epicardial lesions yielded a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. This patient's atrial arrhythmia was successfully treated with a hybrid operation that involved resection of his atrial appendage, an Epicor maze procedure, and radiofrequency ablation during a catheter-based electrophysiologic study. The cardiac sarcoidosis was successfully managed with corticosteroid therapy.

Our case report shows that sarcoidosis can initially manifest itself as syncope with new-onset atrial arrhythmia. Sarcoidosis is important in the differential diagnosis because of its progressive nature and its potential for treatment with pharmacologic, surgical, and catheter-based interventions.
Endocarditis and Incomplete Endothelialization 12 Years after Amplatzer Septal Occluder Deployment
Authors: Nguyen Allan K. , Palafox Brian A. , Starr Joanne P. , Gates Richard N. , Berdjis Farbouch
Published: June 2016

A 4-year-old boy had a 15-mm atrial septal defect repaired percutaneously with use of an Amplatzer Septal Occluder. At age 16 years, he presented with a week's history of fever, chills, dyspnea, fatigue, and malaise. Cultures grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed a 1.25 × 1.5-cm pedunculated mass on the left aspect of the atrial septum just superior to the mitral valve, and a smaller vegetation on the right inferior medial aspect of the septum. At surgery, visual examination of both sides of the septum revealed granulation tissue, the pedunculated mass, the small vegetation, and exposed metal wires that suggested incomplete endothelialization of the occluder. We removed the occluder and patched the septal defect. The patient returned to full activity after 4 months and was asymptomatic 3 years postoperatively.

Our report reinforces the need for further investigation into prosthetic device endothelialization, endocarditis prophylaxis, and recommended levels of physical activity in patients whose devices might be incompletely endothelialized. In addition to reporting our patient's case, we review the medical literature on this topic.
Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Indications and Outcomes from 2003 through 2013
Authors: Schumer Erin M. , Chaney John H. , Trivedi Jaimin R. , Linsky Paul L. , Williams Matthew L. , Slaughter Mark S.
Published: June 2016

Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality rates and adverse events. This study retrospectively evaluated indications and outcomes in patients who underwent emergency CABG.

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database for a single center (Jewish Hospital) was queried to identify patients undergoing isolated CABG. Univariate analysis was performed.

From January 2003 through December 2013, 5,940 patients underwent CABG; 212 presented with emergency status. A high proportion of female patients (28.2%) underwent emergency surgery. Emergency CABG patients experienced high rates of intra-aortic balloon pump support, bleeding, dialysis, in-hospital death, and prolonged length of stay. The proportion of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting declined during years 2008–2013 compared with 2003–2007 (2.2% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001), but the incidence of angiographic accident (5.3% vs. 29.2%) increased as an indication.

Ongoing ischemia remains the most frequent indication for emergency CABG, yet the incidence of angiographic accident has greatly increased. In-hospital mortality rates and adverse events remain high. If we look specifically at emergency CABG cases arising from angiographic accident, we find that 14 (15%) of all 93 emergency CABG deaths occurred in that subset of patients. Efforts to improve outcomes should therefore be focused on this high-risk group.
Two Cases of Transcatheter Closure of Central Aortopulmonary Shunts: One with an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II and One with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug I
Authors: Celebi Ahmet , Yucel Ilker Kemal , Balli Sevket , Kucuk Mehmet
Published: June 2016

When total correction is not possible in infants who have a cyanotic congenital heart disease, creation of a palliative aortopulmonary shunt is essential. A central aortopulmonary shunt is preferable, because of its technical and hemodynamic advantages. Overcirculation, thrombosis, and stenosis of the shunt are the main postoperative sequelae that necessitate urgent reintervention. Percutaneous transcatheter closure of aortopulmonary shunts can eliminate the need for reoperation and substantially decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. We report our successful transcatheter closures of central aortopulmonary shunts in a 3-month-old infant and a 15-year-old girl, with use of an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II and an Amplatzer Vascular Plug I, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the transcatheter closure of central aortopulmonary shunts with these 2 devices.
Endovascular Treatment of Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Stenoses and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient with Advanced Mediastinal Fibrosis
Authors: Valentin Leonardo I. , Kuban Joshua D. , Ramanathan Rohit , Whigham Cliff J.
Published: June 2016

Vascular stenosis is a relatively uncommon and often fatal sequela of mediastinal fibrosis. There are very few reports in the medical literature of endovascular treatment for concomitant bilateral pulmonary artery stenoses and superior vena cava syndrome. We report the endovascular treatment of these conditions in a 54-year-old man, and the long-term outcome.
Gemella Endocarditis Presenting as an ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Winkler Jonathan , Chaudhry Sunit-Preet , Stockwell Philip H.
Published: June 2016

Acute myocardial infarction from septic embolization is a rare initial presentation of endocarditis. We report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with acute chest pain, in whom emergency cardiac catheterization revealed findings that suggested coronary embolism. The patient was found to have Gemella endocarditis, with its initial presentation an embolic acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. We suggest that endocarditis be considered among the potential causes of acute myocardial infarction.
Evaluation of the prognostic benefit of identifying the probable primary site in cancer of unknown primary
Authors: Das Joyutpal , Gilani Shahid
Published: June 2016

With the development of site-specific cancer therapy, identifying the primary origin allows the oncologist to personalise therapy for patients with the cancer of unknown primaries (CUPs). At present, immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening is the standard method used to postulate the primary site in CUP. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the prognostic benefit of identifying the primary site in CUP. All 84 patients who presented with suspected CUP to the Royal Stoke University Hospital between 2011 and 2012 were included in our study. Forty-eight percent (40/84) of these patients were unable to undergo necessary investigations to identify primary sites because of poor performance status. IHC screening was able to postulate the primary site in 59% (26/44) of the remaining patients with confirmed CUP. Therefore, the primary site was not identified in a significant proportion of patients with CUP. The median survival of confirmed CUP with probable primary site was 2.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 to 2.9 months), whereas the median survival of confirmed CUP with no probable primary site was 4.1 months (95% CI: 1.5 to 9.7 months). This difference in survival time was statistically significant. In addition, using the Cox regression model, we found that patients with confirmed CUP with primary sites had prognostically unfavourable diseases with a shorter median survival, regardless of the age of disease onset, gender, sites of metastases or number of metastases. One approach to improve the survival would be to start systemic therapy at the earliest possible opportunity rather than waiting for all investigation results, such as IHC.
Expectations of patients for the support and the support for hemodialysis patients given by nurses
Authors: Mianowana Violetta , Czekirda Marta , Bednarek Anna , Nalepa Dorota , Mianowana Kinga
Published: June 2016

Introduction. Undoubtedly, the renal replacement therapy is stressful situation for the patients with chronic renal failure. Chronic disease limits and prevents meeting the psychosocial needs. It often causes the frustration, to which patients react in different ways.

Aim of the Study. Purpose of the research was to investigate patients’ expectations for the support and to define the support given by nurses.

Material and Methodology. One hyndred chronic renal failure patients were examined on the basis of an author’s questionnaire survey. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. Homogeneity test was used for unrelated quality characteristics to detect the existence of differences between compared groups.

Results. Most of patients expected the support first from their families (39%), next from doctors and nurses. Almost everybody (95.0%) Experienced emotional support from nurses during every hemodialysis.

Conclusions. The research shows that patients during stress expect a conversation and almost all of them accept the attitude of empathy. Those who received information support felt less stressed.
The symbols and traditions of nursing in the opinion of nursing students
Authors: Gibas Beata , Dębska Grażyna
Published: June 2016

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students’ knowledge about the symbols and traditions in nursing. The merits of continuing the tradition and symbolism in contemporary nursing in the opinion of students were also evaluated.

Material and methods. The study involved 64 undergraduate nursing students of the Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University. As a technique there was used author’s questionnaire to assess the validity of the symbolism there was used a Likert scale from 0-5. The median values and standard deviation were given.

Results. Almost every student mentioned a nursing cap and uniform as a symbol of professional nursing (95% vs. 83%). For students the most important is oath taking (x = 4.4, SD = 1.0) and symbolic caps awarding ceremony (x = 4.4, SD = 1.25). The least need is related to a return to the strap awarding tradition (x = 3.19, SD = 1.77). Approximately 45% of students would like to wear a nursing cap. In the opinion of 75% of students professional traditions should be cultivated during studies.

Conclusions. Traditions should be cultivated during studies in the current system of education. There is a need to remember about the history of the profession.
Review on ZnO hybrid photocatalyst: impact on photocatalytic activities of water pollutant degradation
Authors: Mohd Adnan Mohd Azam , Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili Muhd , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: June 2016

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used benchmark standard photocatalysts in the field of environmental applications. However, the large band gap of ZnO and the massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, especially in its nanosize, limit the overall photocatalytic efficiency. This can be further overcome by modifying the electronic band structure of ZnO by hybridization with a narrow band gap material, including metal, metal oxide, carbon based, and polymeric based. Indeed, ZnO hybridization with the respective materials contributed to its sensitizer by shifting the absorption wavelength to the visible region of the spectrum. This review encompasses several advancements made in the mentioned aspects, and also some of the new physical insights related to the charge transfer events, such as charge carrier generation, trapping, detrapping, and their transfer to surface, are discussed for each strategy of the hybrid ZnO. The synergistic effects in the mixed polymorphs of ZnO and also the theories proposed for their enhanced activity are reported. The review also highlights the potential application of ZnO hybrid for different kinds of pollutants from different wastewater sources.
Novel pyroelectric detectors for accurate THz power measurements
Authors: Steiger Andreas , Bohmeyer Werner , Lange Karsten , Müller Ralf
Published: June 2016

Novel pyroelectric THz detectors have been developed in close cooperation
between PTB, the National Metrology Institute of Germany, and the Sensor- und
Lasertechnik company. Covering the broad spectral range from below
50 GHz to beyond 5 THz, these detectors are suited to
measure the absolute THz power of time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems
for the first time.
Fractal analysis of a new generation of HVOF sprayed coatings based on optical surface metrology
Authors: Zou Yibo , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard
Published: June 2016

In this article, fractal analysis combined with roughness measurement is proposed to
characterize the new generations of HVOF sprayed coatings' surface textures. Two-dimensional
and three-dimensional box counting algorithms are introduced to determine the fractal
dimension, which is considered as a scale-invariant parameter and is able to describe chaos
and complexity of the surface. For surface roughness metrology, a confocal laser scanning
microscope with different lenses is used to acquire the areal topography, providing
a sequence of height maps with different image resolutions. Typical areal roughness
parameters are assessed based on the international standard ISO-25178. The results show that
the fractal dimension is a powerful tool to depict the nature of the surface texture of the
investigated coatings. Moreover, it is found that the traditional amplitude roughness
parameters depend strongly on the range of the measurement field as well as the datasets'
resolution, whereas the fractal dimension is rather invariant to the scales of the measured
datasets. Finally, the correlation between the fractal dimension and roughness parameters is
given at the end of this paper.
Massively Parallel Genetics
Authors: Shendure Jay , Fields Stanley
Published: June 2016

Human genetics has historically depended on the identification of individuals whose natural genetic variation underlies an observable trait or disease risk. Here we argue that new technologies now augment this historical approach by allowing the use of massively parallel assays in model systems to measure the functional effects of genetic variation in many human genes. These studies will help establish the disease risk of both observed and potential genetic variants and to overcome the problem of “variants of uncertain significance.”
Learning and Doing: An Interview with Bill Wood
Authors: Wood William B
Published: June 2016

THE Genetics Society of America’s Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education recognizes significant and sustained impact on genetics education. As well as having made major contributions to biochemistry and developmental genetics, the 2016 awardee William B. Wood has been a pioneer in the reform of science teaching. Wood’s leadership has been crucial in several national initiatives and programs, including the development of the influential National Academies Summer institutes on Undergraduate Education in Biology. He has also catalyzed change in education through his service as Editor-in-Chief of CBE-Life Sciences Education, a peer-reviewed journal published by the American Society for Cell Biology, in editorial partnership with the GSA.
Análisis del comportamiento de la ventana anabólica en personas físicamente activas: Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Huarte Prieto Josu , Yanci Irigoyen Javier
Published: June 2016

El propósito de esta revisión fue, en primer lugar, determinar si hay constancia en la literatura científica acerca de la existencia de una ventana anabólica de oportunidad alrededor de las sesiones de entrenamiento, gracias a la cual se puede mejorar las adaptaciones musculares de hipertrofia y fuerza mediante la ingesta de nutrientes durante un periodo de tiempo determinado. En segundo lugar, se pretendía conocer si existe un tiempo limitado de acción de dicha ventana anabólica y, finalmente, analizar las recomendaciones nutricionales adecuadas en los periodos cercanos a las sesiones de entrenamiento expuestas en los distintos trabajos científicos. La búsqueda de información para este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo mediante los buscadores Pubmed (en inglés), Dialnet y Google académico (en castellano). Los criterios de selección aplicados fueron los siguientes: los artículos debían tener relación directa con el entrenamiento y los participantes en los estudios debían ser individuos sanos sin ninguna patología. Los estudios analizados presentan resultados dispares y contradictorios, por lo que resulta complicado determinar la existencia o no de la ventana anabólica y su tiempo de actuación.
Marktabgrenzung und SIEC-Test im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel
Authors: Körber Torsten
Published: June 2016

Die Untersagung des Zusammenschlusses Edeka/Tengelmann durch das Bundeskartellamt, vor allem aber die Ministererlaubnis durch Bundeswirtschaftsminister Sigmar Gabriel haben hohe Aufmerksamkeit der Öffentlichkeit erfahren. Der Vorsitzende der Monopolkommission, Daniel Zimmer, nahm die Ministererlaubnis, die gegen das Votum der Monopolkommission ergangen war, zum Anlass, noch am gleichen Tage zurückzutreten. Die hohe kartellrechtliche Relevanz des Falles geriet dabei etwas ins Hintertreffen, obwohl das BKartA nicht nur bei der Marktabgrenzung im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel (LEH) neue Wege gegangen ist, sondern auch und vor allem, weil es sich um die erste Zusammenschlussuntersagung auf der Basis des SIEC-Tests handelt. Dies hat eine Reihe grundsätzlich interessanter Fragen aufgeworfen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit dem Beschluss des BKartA auseinander. Der Fokus ist dabei auf die wettbewerbliche Bewertung der Absatzmärkte gerichtet. Die Beschaffungsmärkte, die im Mittelpunkt der Sektoruntersuchung des Amtes aus dem Jahre 2014 standen, spielten im vorliegenden Beschluss eher eine Nebenrolle. Sie werden daher auch hier nur kurz gestreift.
Presse-Grosso-System – Befreiung(en) vom Kartellverbot und Betrauung
Authors: Paal Boris P.
Published: June 2016

Der Vertrieb von Zeitungen und Zeitschriften erfolgt in Deutschland vornehmlich durch das Presse-Grosso-System, welches seinerseits kartellrechtlich überprüfungsbedürftige Wesensbestandsteile aufweist, so etwa vertikale Preisbindungen, horizontale Gebietsaufteilungen und zentrale Verhandlungsmandate für Branchenvereinigungen von Verlegern bzw. Grossisten. Innerhalb weniger Jahre hatte der Kartellsenat des BGH in zwei Verfahren zu Grundsatzfragen des Presse-Grosso-Vertriebs zu entscheiden: Zunächst ging es im Jahre 2011 um die Rechtmäßigkeit der Kündigung einer Geschäftsbeziehung zu einem Presse-Grossisten durch einen Zeitschriftenverlag, sodann im Oktober 2015 um das zentrale Verhandlungsmandat des Bundesverbandes Presse-Grosso. Noch während der Streit um das zentrale Verhandlungsmandat im Instanzenzug befindlich war, intervenierte der Gesetzgeber durch die Einführung von § 30 Abs. 2a GWB im Zuge der 8. GWB-Novelle 2013. Ausweislich der Gesetzesbegründung war ein erklärtes Ziel der Neukodifikation, das Presse-Grosso-System kartellrechtlich abzusichern. Vor diesem Hintergrund behandelt der folgende Beitrag, ausgehend von der Entscheidung des BGH, umfassend die aufgeworfenen kartellrechtlichen Fragestellungen im Spannungsfeld von Pressefreiheit, Pressevertrieb und Kartellrecht – sowie die hieraus ableitbaren, keinesfalls nur auf Pressesachverhalte beschränkten Praxisfolgen.
ECOLOGY OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS 2066-7 STRAIN: A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BACTERIA ONION DISEASES
Authors: Sadik Soumia , Mazouz Hamid , Benbouazza Abdellatif , Hassan Achbani El
Published: June 2016

The growth response of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans 2066-7 to change in water activity (aw), temperature, and pH was determined in vitro in basic medium. The minimum temperature at which 2066-7 was able to grow was 7°C, and the growth of 2066-7 did not change at varying pH levels (4–10.34). The best growth was obtained at a water activity of 0.98 in all media modified with the four solutes (glucose, glycerol, NaCl and polyethylene glycol). The solute used to reduce water activity had a great influence on bacterial growth, especially at unfavorable conditions (low temperature). This study has defined the range of environmental conditions (aw, pH, and temperature) over which the bacteria may be developed for biological control of plant diseases.
Accuracy Assessment of Immediate and Delayed Implant Placements Using CAD/CAM Surgical Guides
Authors: Alzoubi Fawaz , Massoomi Nima , Nattestad Anders
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of immediately placed implants using Anatomage Invivo5 computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) surgical guides and compare the accuracy to delayed implant placement protocol. Patients who had implants placed using Anatomage Invivo5 CAD/CAM surgical guides during the period of 2012–2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who received immediate implant placements and/or delayed implant placements replacing 1–2 teeth were included in this study. Pre- and postsurgical images were superimposed to evaluate deviations at the crest, apex, and angle. A total of 40 implants placed in 29 patients were included in this study. The overall mean deviations measured at the crest, apex, and angle were 0.86 mm, 1.25 mm, and 3.79°, respectively. The means for the immediate group deviations were: crest = 0.85 mm, apex = 1.10, and angle = 3.49°. The means for the delayed group deviations were: crest = 0.88 mm, apex = 1.59, and angle = 4.29°. No statistically significant difference was found at the crest and angle; however, there was a statistically significant difference between the immediate and delayed group at the apex, with the immediate group presenting more accurate placements at the apical point than the delayed group. CAD/CAM surgical guides can be reliable tools to accurately place implants immediately and/or in a delayed fashion. No statistically significant differences were found between the delayed and the immediate group at the crest and angle, however apical position was more accurate in the immediate group.
Management and Restoration of an Implant With Irreversibly Damaged Internal Threads: A Clinical Report
Authors: Dashti Mohammad Hossein , Alshali Shatha Abdulrahman , Haddad Michael J
Published: June 2016

This report describes a method to restore an implant with irreversibly damaged internal threads. The remaining fractured post from the previous restoration was removed using a combination of an impression coping and an end-cutting bur. An elastomeric impression of the internal surface of the damaged implant, as well as the position of the adjacent implant, was made for fabrication of a new cast post and core and an implant supported 2-unit ceramometal splinted prosthesis.
Medical School Attendance is Significantly Lower in Preclinical Students Who are Experiencing Psychological Distress
Authors: Damant Ronald , Rourke Liam , Wilson Beverly , Lewis Melanie , Schutz Dennise , Harley Dwight , Stobart Kent
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Attendance at scheduled learning activities enhances medical students' education and demonstrates professionalism.This study explores the relationship between attendance and psychological distress in a cohort of medical learners.We recorded the attendance of pre-clinical students at compulsory activities over two years. Counselors in our learner support program were asked to anonymously indicate whether individual learners had sought assistance for psychological distress. The study protocol was approved by the University of Alberta's Research Ethics and Privacy Offices.One hundred and seventy students recorded 965 absences. The mean (SD) of absences per student was 5.68 (5.56). Twenty one (12%) students had significant psychological distress. There was a negative correlation (r = - 0.33) between absences and academic performance. The correlation between absences and psychological distress was moderate (r = 0.63). The mean (SD) number of absences among students without distress was 4.37 (3.46). Among those with distress, the mean (SD) number of absences was 14.95 (8.32). The difference was significant (p < 0.0001) with an effect size of Cohen's d = 3.06.In the culture of medical school, absences are often interpreted as a lack of moral fitness for the profession, and attendance policies are designed accordingly. However, absenteeism may be symptomatic of psychological distress. If so, institutional regulations could be modified to address this more effectively.
Geriatric Medicine Resident-as-Teachers
Authors: D'Silva Karen A. , Gakhal Natasha , Gandell Dov
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. IntroductionSubspecialty residents devote considerable time to teaching junior trainees; however, few studies have documented and evaluated resident-as-teacher (RaT) curricula for this group. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the need for formal teaching instruction among subspecialty geriatric medicine residents and (2) implement and evaluate a RaT curriculum based on the Stanford Faculty Development Program (SFDP). MethodsSurvey-based needs assessment of subspecialty geriatric medicine residents and geriatric medicine faculty. A single-group, pretest-posttest design used to evaluate the impact of a three-hour teaching seminar on residents' teaching effectiveness and attitudes toward teaching.ResultsResidents reported limited knowledge of core teaching principles and limited exposure to formal teaching instruction. However, residents expressed strong interest in improving their teaching skills. Evaluation of the impact of the seminar intervention on residents' attitudes toward teaching and teaching performance showed statistically non-significant results.ConclusionsStudy results were statistically non-significant limited by the design and sample size and future study would benefit from an experimental design with larger sample population. They do, however, highlight the potential benefits of formal teaching instruction for subspecialty medical residents, an area that has not yet been well-explored in the medical education literature.
A simplified working stress design method for reinforced soil walls
Authors: Ehrlich M. , Mirmoradi S. H.
Published: June 2016

A new method for the internal design of reinforced soil walls is developed based on working stresses conditions. This method is a simplification of Ehrlich and Mitchell's 1994 design procedure. The maximum reinforcement loads, Tmax, calculated using the new proposed method were compared with those calculated by the original method. The comparisons were performed considering a wide range of wall heights, reinforcement stiffnesses, compaction efforts and backfill soil parameters. The results show good agreement between the original and simplified methods (less than 5% variation). Moreover, the new simplified method was extended to include the effect of facing inclination, which was not available in the original procedure. Data from physical and numerical model studies were used to verify the predictability of the simplified method for walls with different heights, facing inclinations, reinforcement stiffnesses and backfill soil parameters. The results indicated that the simplified method is also capable of properly capturing Tmax when the face of the wall is inclined.
News versus Sentiment: Predicting Stock Returns from News Stories
Authors: Heston Steven L. , Sinha Nitish R.
Published: June 2016

This paper uses a dataset of more than 900,000 news stories to test whether news can predict stock returns. We measure sentiment with a proprietary Thomson-Reuters neural network. We find that daily news predicts stock returns for only 1 to 2 days, confirming previous research. Weekly news, however, predicts stock returns for one quarter. Positive news stories increase stock returns quickly, but negative stories have a long delayed reaction. Much of the delayed response to news occurs around the subsequent earnings announcement.
Correcting respirable photometric particulate measurements using a gravimetric sampling method
Authors: Language B. , Piketh S.J. , Burger R.P.
Published: June 2016

According to the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act of 2004 people have the right to clean air and a healthy environment. Particulate matter (PM) emissions pose a significant health threat. Both indoor and ambient air pollution contribute to the burden of disease associated with poor air quality. This is particularly true within the South African setting where low income households make use of different solid fuels for heating and cooking purposes resulting in high levels of PM emissions. This paper focuses on the evaluation mass concentration measurements recorded by continuous photometric PM instruments within KwaDela, a low income settlement in Mpumalanga located on the South African Highveld. Thus, obtaining a photometric calibration factor for both the DustTrak Model 8530 and the SidePak AM510. Sampling took place during August 2014 for a period of seven days. The photometric and gravimetric instruments were collocated within the indoor environment of selected households. These instruments were all fitted with 10mm Dorr-Oliver Cyclone inlets to obtain the respirable (PM4) cut-point. The study found that both instruments tend to overestimate the indoor particulate mass concentrations when compared to the reference gravimetric method. The estimated photometric calibration factors for the DustTrak Model 8530 and SidePak AM510 are 0.14 (95%Cl: 0.09, 0.15) and 0.24 (95%Cl: 0.16, 0.30) respectively. The overestimation of the photometric measurements is rather significant. It is therefore important that the correction factors are applied to data collected in indoor environments prone to the combustion of solid fuels. The correction factors obtained from this and other studies vary as a result of the environment (ambient, indoor etc.) as well as the aerosol size fraction and the origin thereof. Thus, it is important to considered site specific calibration factors when implementing these photometric light-scattering instruments.
Influence of coal-particle size on emissions using the top-lit updraft ignition method
Authors: Masondo L , Masekameni D , Makonese T , Annegarn HJ , Mohlapi K
Published: June 2016

Despite the Government’s intervention of an intensive electrification program in South Africa, which has resulted in more than 87% of households being connected to the grid, a majority of low-income households still depend on solid fuel (coal and wood) as a primary source of energy, especially on the central Highveld. In informal settlements, combustion of coal is done in inefficient self-fabricated braziers, colloquially known as imbaulas. Emissions from domestic coal combustion result in elevated household and ambient air pollution levels that often exceed national air quality limits. Continued dependence on coal combustion exposes households to copious amounts of health-damaging pollutants. Despite the health significance of coal-burning emissions from informal braziers, there is still a dearth of emissions data from these devices. Consequently, evaluating the emission characteristics of these devices and to determine the resultant emission factors is needed. The effects of ignition methods and ventilation rates on particulate and gaseous emission from coal-burning braziers are reported in literature. However, to date there are no studies carried out to investigate the influence of the size of coal pieces on brazier emission performance. In this paper, we report on controlled combustion experiments carried out to investigate systematically, influences of coal particle size on gaseous and condensed matter (smoke) emissions from informal residential coal combustion braziers. Results presented are averages of three identical burn-cycles of duration three hours or fuel burn-out, whichever was the soonest.
Assessment of ambient air pollution in the Waterberg Priority Area 2012-2015
Authors: Feig G.T. , Naidoo S. , Ncgukana N.
Published: June 2016

The Waterberg Priority Area ambient air quality monitoring network was established in 2012 to monitor the ambient air quality in the Waterberg Air Quality Priority Area. Three monitoring stations were established in Lephalale, Thabazimbi and Mokopane. The monitoring stations measure the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3, BTEX and meteorological parameters. Hourly data for a 31 month period (October 2012-April 2015) was obtained from the South African Air Quality Information System (SAAQIS) and analysed to assess patterns in atmospheric concentrations, including seasonal and diurnal patterns of the ambient concentrations and to assess the impacts that such reported pollution concentration may have. Local source regions for SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 were identified and trends in the recorded concentrations are discussed.
Postura corporal: Uma revisão sistemática sobre métodos de avaliação
Authors: Petermann Xavele Braatz , Meereis Estele Caroline Welter
Published: June 2016

Introduction: There are different methods for assessing body posture used in physiotherapeutic research, however, there is still no consensus on what would be the most widely used. Objective: review the methods for body postural assessment used in research today. Method: A literature review was performed on Brazilian papers published from 2010 to 2014. This papers were found Virtual Health Library database, with Health Sciences Descriptors: posture and assessment. Results: Ten assessment methods were found, as follows: Postural Assessment Software (PAS), digital photography, photogrammetry, photography, Kendall et.al. method, Kendall et.al. method with photography, New York Postural Assessment method (NYPAM), biophotogrammetry, evaluation form, and posturograma. Among others,  the most used method is PAS (15 papers), followed by Kendall et.al. method with photography (six papers). Conclusion: Various  methods for body postural assessment are employed, among PAS show us that is the most used.