bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care in Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Mehmedali , Hoxha-Gashi Sanije , Muçaj Sefedin
Published: September 2023

Background: At a global level, over 300 million people are estimated to suffer from depression, equivalent to 4.4% of the world’s population. The presence of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) has major consequences for individuals with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DAS among adult patients with T2DM in primary health care (PHC) settings in Kosovo and to determine any association between DAS, sociodemographic characteristics, and other risk factors. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven Main Family Medicine Centers in Kosovo (Prishtina, Mitrovica, Peja, Prizren, Ferizaj, Gjilan, and Gjakova) from November 2022 to February 2023. The study included 596 adult patients above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with T2DM at least one year ago. By gender, more respondents were female ((F 55.4% vs. M 44.6%); adults aged 30-59 accounted for 38.4%, aged 60+ ‒ 57.7%. Anxiety was the most common type of psychological distress among the subjects (82.0%), depression was second with a prevalence of 74% and stress third with a prevalence of 43.0%. Females were predominant among respondents regarding the three forms of mental health problems: Depression (F 75.8% vs. M 71.8%), Anxiety (F 86.1% vs. M 77.1%), and Stress (F 48.5% vs. M 36.1%) Subjects with only primary education were more likely to be depressed (79.6%, P=0.0072; OR=1.689, 95% CI: 1.153 ‒ 2.477). HbA1C >6.5% was found to be strongly associated with depression (76.4%, P=0.002; OR=2.071, 95% CI: 1.305 ‒ 3.284). Female gender and the presence of comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with anxiety. Female gender, level of education, history of DM in the family, presence of comorbidities, and HbA1c >6.5% were significantly associated with stress. Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of DAS is high in patients with T2DM. Periodic screening of patients with diabetes in PHC settings for early signs of psychological distress using easy and inexpensive validated screening tools like the DASS-21 questionnaire is recommended.
Association Between Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Refractive Anomalies and Emmetropes
Authors: Ismaili Mimoza
Published: September 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with refractive anomalies and emmetropes. Methods and Results: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Clinical Center. The study included 330 respondents, with a total of 660 eyes, divided into two groups. The test group (TG) included 180 respondents with refractive anomalies (65 respondents with hypertropia, 65 with myopia, and 50 with astigmatism); the control group (CG) included 150 respondents with uncorrected visual acuity – 6/6 in both eyes. All respondents included in the research were aged 18–40, with an average age of 22.9 years. The values of CCT in TG was around 499.3–577.1 μm. From 360 eyes in the TG with refractive anomalies, the highest IOP values were found in the astigmatic group (20.6 mmHg) and the lowest values in the myopic group (15.3 mmHg) (P<0.001) and were statistically higher compared to the CG (P<0.001 in both cases). We found a statistically significant, moderate positive correlation between the values of CCT and IOP in the hypermetropic group (rs=0.655, 95% CI: 0.540 to 0.745, P<0.0001) and a statistically significant low negative correlation (rs=-0.209, 95% CI: -0.373 to -0.033, P=0.0165) between the values of CCT and IOP in the myopic group. Also, a statistically significant low negative correlation (rs=-0.304, 95% CI: -0.510 to -0.152, P=0.0005) was found between the values of CCT and IOP in the astigmatism group. Conclusion: The results of our study show that increasing the CCT values in the hypermetropic group leads to an increase in the IOP values. Therefore, these findings can be used as a reference for our population, which would assist in the early diagnosis of ocular hypertension.
Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-regression
Authors: Salem Atef , Maaoui Khouloud ben , Jahrami Haithem , AlMarzooqi Mezna A , Boukhris Omar , Messai Balsam , Clark Cain C.T , Glenn Jordan M. , Ghazzaoui Hadeel A , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Ammar Achraf , Trabelsi Khaled , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: September 2023

Background
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session.
Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD).
Methods
The systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted using seven databases, up to September 13th, 2022. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: studies performed on healthy active participants, using BCAA at least once, controlled with a placebo or control group, performing resistance or endurance exercises, and followed up at least once post-EIMD. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the “SIGN RCT checklist”. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g). Meta-regression analyses were completed with daily and total dosage and supplementation as continuous moderator variables.
Results
Of the 18 studies included in this study, 13 were of high quality and five were of acceptable quality. Our results revealed BCAA supplementation elicits a significant effect on reducing creatine kinase (CK) levels immediately (g=-0.44; p = 0.006) and 72 h (g=-0.99; p = 0.002), but not 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-EIMD. Additionally, a significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was identified at 24 h (g=-1.34; p < 0.001), 48 h (g=-1.75; p < 0.001), 72 h (g=-1.82; p < 0.001), and 96 h (g=-0.82; p = 0.008), but not immediately post-EIMD. No significant effect was found on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at any time point. Meta-regression indicated higher daily and total dosages of BCAA, and longer supplementation periods were related to the largest beneficial effects on CK (total dosage and supplementation period) at 48 h, and on DOMS at 24 h (only daily dosage).
Conclusion
The overall effects of BCAA supplementation could be considered useful for lowering CK and DOMS after EIMD, but not LDH. The longer supplementation period prior to the EIMD could be more effective for CK and DOMS reduction.
Identification of Block Cipher Algorithms Using Multi-Layer Perception Algorithm
Authors: Yuan Ke , Yu Daoming , Yang Wei , Du Zhanfei , Shen Lin , Li Zheng
Published: September 2023

Cryptographic algorithm identification is the process of distinguishing or identifying the cryptographic algorithm by analysing the potential information of various features in the ciphertext under the condition of known ciphertext, which is the basis of cryptanalysis work. To solve the worse identification accuracy and stability problem of the single-layer scheme in cryptographic algorithm identification work as the complexity of ciphertext enhances, the interference between ciphertext data and the number of encryption algorithms increases, we propose a cryptographic algorithm identification scheme of block cipher algorithm using deep learning algorithm Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) in this paper. In this scheme, 15 NIST randomness test methods are used to extract ciphertext feature, and 10 meaningful features are selected as input to MLP classifier to make predictions. In the ciphertext-only scenario, five block cipher algorithms, AES, 3DES, Blowfish, CAST, and RC2, are selected for the study of cryptographic algorithm identification, then binary classification and multiclassification identification are carried out. The experimental results demonstrate that, when the size of the ciphertext files and other experimental conditions are the same as for the five conventional machine learning models, the proposed scheme has superior accuracy and stability. Among them, the average identification accuracy of binary classification is 76.5% for ciphertext files of 1kB to 512kB size, which is 35.3%, 37.5%, 34.2%, 38.5%, and 41.6% higher than that of the traditional classical machine learning models SVM, GNB, KNN, RF, and LR respectively. The average identification accuracy of the multiclassification is 36.2%, which is significantly higher than the other five classical machine learning algorithms. When the ciphertext file sizes are different, among the identification rates of the six models fluctuate, the MLP model has the greatest stability and the least amount of influence.
Safe small scale mine blasting operation: An application of soft computing techniques to predict blast-induced flyrock distance
Authors: Taiwo Blessing Olamide , Hosseini Shahab , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Adebayo Babatunde , Adesida Patrick Adeniyi , Famobuwa Victor , Faluyi Joshua Oluwaseyi , Akinlabi Adams Abiodun
Published: September 2023

Flyrock is a major environmental and safety issue during mine production blasting. This can affect workers’ safety and efficiency. Blasting in mines can cause rock fragments to travel far to endanger workers, machinery, and nearby structures. Also, many rock excavation projects anticipated fly-rocks and prevent its impact. This study uses Long Short-term memory networks and seven other machine learning methods to predict the Akoko Edo dolomite Quarries' fly-rock distance. Two hundred and fifty-eight (258) blasting data samples were obtained for model-building. Fly-rock prediction was created using LSTM machine learning. The proposed LSTM fly-rock prediction model was tested using bidirectional recurrent neural networks (BRNN), support vector regressions (SVR-S, SVR-RBF, SVR-L, and SVR-P), and random forest (RF) models. Each modeling method is detailed enough for other scientists to replicate. The top three influencing parameters, which have different correlations with fly-rock, were used to create a fly-rock possibility assessment chart. After testing and training, each machine-learning method was compared. The model error analysis indices and coefficient of determination showed that the LSTM model was the best at predicting fly-rock distance. By accurately predicting fly-rock distance, the LSTM prediction model will go a long way to improve blast area reliability and safety.
Supplementation with α-tocopherol during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and their subsequent embryo development after fertilization
Authors: Acosta-Perez Theisy Patricia , Itza-Ortiz Mateo Fabian , Nuñez-Gastelum Jose Alberto , Carrera-Chavez Jose Maria , Beristain-Ruiz Diana Marcela , Quezada-Casasola Andres
Published: September 2023

To evaluate α-tocopherol supplementation on in vitro maturation of oocytes and their embryonic development, maturation, cleavage, blastulation and blastocyst expansion of 1019 high- and low-quality oocytes supplemented with 100, 200, 400 µL of α-tocopherol or ethanol during maturation were evaluated. Maturation rate of high-quality oocytes was similar in all groups. Low-quality oocytes with 400 μL matured less than 100, 200 μL, control and ethanol. High-quality oocytes with 400 μL cleaved more than 100 μL, 200 μL, control and ethanol. Quality of oocytes in same treatment differed only in the 400 μL group, as high-quality oocytes cleaved more than low-quality oocytes. Blastocysts from high-quality oocytes, expanded more with 400 μL than 100 μL, 200 μL, control and ethanol. With 400 μL, a higher proportion of expanded blastocysts was observed in high and low-quality grades. Addition of α-tocopherol did not show cytotoxicity in terms of maturation rates. Addition of 400 µL of α-tocopherol resulted in higher cleavage and expanded blastocysts rates.
Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in East Lombok district during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ameline Amanda Safiera , Chandra Dian Novita , Htet Min Kyaw , Zahra Nur Lailatuz , Fahmida Umi
Published: September 2023

Background

Maternal anemia is a major public health problem that has detrimental effects on pregnancy and birth outcomes. The threat of food insecurity and nutritional deficiencies is growing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in East Lombok during the pandemic.

Methods

This community-based cross-sectional study is part of an observational cohort study entitled “UKRI-GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH)” in rural areas of East Lombok, Indonesia, from August 2021 to February 2022. Data were collected from women (18-40 years) in their third trimester pregnancy (N=446). Data collection included hemoglobin, mid-upper arm circumference, intestinal helminth infections, and structured questionnaires for sociodemographic, dietary diversity, pregnancy-related, reduced coping strategy index and COVID-19-related variables. The association between anemia and its determinants was analyzed using binary logistic regression model.

Results

Anemia was found in 40.8% of pregnant women. During the pandemic, 74.7% and 28.9% of women reported a decrease in household income and food expenditure whereas 47% of them reported having medium-to-high coping strategies against the pandemic. Higher RCSI scores (≥5) was associated with food insecurity, decrease in household income, older age (>35 years), low education level, multiparity, receiving government assistance targeted for poor families, but with contraceptive use. In logistic regression, anemia was significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency (CED, AOR=1.92; 95%CI: 1.06-3.48), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.02-2.45), and non-use of contraception (AOR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.02-2.45).

Conclusions

CED, inadequate dietary diversity, and non-use of contraception were major contributors to anemia in pregnancy in the area. The findings highlight the importance of improving anemia control program among pregnant women in rural areas like East Lombok and improving policy to strengthen their resilience to natural phenomenon such as COVID-19.
Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Related Parameters and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: huang changbo , xiong guang , ruan huaqiang , yao li , zou jun , huang jiean
Published: September 2023

Background: In recent years, parameters related to obesity or insulin resistance, such as triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC), triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height index (TyG-WHtR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and so on, have been proposed to predict the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But few studies have compared their value to recognize NAFLD in the general population. This study aimed to compare the ability of TyG index and related parameters (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR) with other parameters to predict NAFLD risk.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of fatty liver based on FibroTouch. A total of 612 subjects were included. TyG index and other parameters were calculated according to the original formula, and the OR value of each indicator was calculated by Logistic regression, as well as the area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, so as to compare the relationship between each parameter and NAFLD.
Results: Among all the parameters analyzed, LAP had the strongest correlation with NAFLD (OR=1.77, P < 0.01), and TyG index related parameters (Tyg-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR) had stronger correlation with NAFLD than TyG index. In ROC analysis, TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value in identifying NAFLD (AUC=0.794, 95%CI: 0.7591-0.8289), and had relatively stable predictive value in both diabetic and hypertriglyceridemia groups. It indicates the potential of TyG-BMI in identifying NAFLD in the general population.
Conclusions: Our study showed that TyG index related parameters had better predictive value for NAFLD than TyG index, among which Tyg-BMI index had the best predictive value. TyG index related parameters may be applied to the identification of NAFLD risk in the general population.
Instruments for the assessment of quality of life in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: A Scoping review
Authors: Rodríguez-Grande Eliana-Isabel , Díaz-Galvis Mayra-Liseth , Medina-Prieto Paula-Catalina , Vargas-Pinilla Olga-Cecilia , Torres-Narváez Martha-Rocío , Rodriguez-Malagón Nelcy
Published: September 2023

The construct of quality of life (QOL) includes aspects of health and well-being of people. Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is one of the most common congenital anomalies. DS is characterized by motor and cognitive alterations that affect health and QOL of both the child and caregiver.
In pediatrics, there are various instruments to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and QOL. The advantage of these instruments is that they can be implemented in any type of disease and population in general. However, they may have certain disadvantages, such as the difficulty in evaluating specific aspects of each disease or condition related with Down syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify 1: instruments used to assess quality of life in children with Down syndrome. 2: psychometrics properties of instruments validated in children with Down syndrome to assess quality of life.
Methods: A Scoping review was conducted to identify instruments used in children and adolescents with Down syndrome and their psychometric properties. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos and other sources were explored with a search strategy that included keywords such as “Down syndrome,” “Quality of life” or “Life Quality,” “Health-Related Quality of Life” and psychometrics properties. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the COSMIN (Consensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) methodology.
Results: Thirteen studies were selected because they used some instrument to assess the quality of life in children or adolescents with Down syndrome. In these studies, eight instruments were used, of which only four have the report of some psychometric property in this population. Two of the eight evaluated quality of life and six health-related quality of life.
Conclusions: There is little information on the psychometric properties of instruments to assess quality of life and, above all, to assess health-related quality of life.It is necessary to create an instrument focused on children with DS to assess the health-related quality of life, which considers the particularities of their condition. Thus, it will be possible to determine how interventions from different areas can influence this functional condition
Does sulfate improve the Mn bioremediation efficiency of Polygonum lapathifolium Linn?
Authors: Long Xiaomei , Wang Yongsen , He Xiaoyan , Hong Yanyan , Guan Xiaojin , Yin Dengke , Liu Kehui
Published: September 2023

Polygonum lapathifolium Linn., as a hyperaccumulator, has a strong ability to bioaccumulate manganese (Mn). Sulfur (S) is an important micronutrient in plants and plays an important role in heavy metal detoxification and plant physiochemistry processes. In the present study, P. lapathifolium plants and two soils, one from a Mn mining area (Mn mine soil) and the other from a non-Mn mining area (farmland soil), were used to explore whether S has positive effects on plant growth and the efficiency of Mn bioremediation. The results showed that (1) although the biomass was similar between the two soils, the number of lateral branches in Mn mine soil was significantly greater than that in farmland soil, and S had a positive effect on root growth compared to a lack of S supplementation in each soil. (2) Sulfate promoted Mn uptake and transport from soil to plant in Mn mine soil but had no such effects in farmland soils. (3) Compared to those in farmland soil, the physiochemical parameters, including gas exchange characteristics, and chlorophyll pigments increased in Mn mine soil, and S promoted these effects. Although reactive oxygen species increased in Mn mine soil, the lower malondialdehyde content observed with S supplementation indicated its alleviatory role in the Mn-polluted environment. Antioxidant enzyme and nonantioxidant enzyme materials (total protein, total sugar and free proline) also showed the same positive effects. In conclusion, S improved the Mn enrichment efficiency of P. lapathifolium by promoting its root division in Mn mine soil, while the role of S in the physiochemical processes of P. lapathifolium was stronger in Mn mine soil than in farmland soil.
The Gut Bacterial Community of Wild and Captive Black Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus Nigritus) in South Brazil Exhibit Environmental Influences
Authors: Grassotti Tiela Trapp , Lovison Otávio von Ameln , Kothee Caroline Isabel , Mann Michele Bertoni , Wagner Paulo Guilherme Carniel , Campos Aline Alves Scarpellini , Prichula Janira , Martins Andreza Francisco , Frazzon Jeverson , Frazzon Ana Paula Guedes
Published: September 2023

Black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus), an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, faces challenges due to habitat loss and fragmentation. As a result, it is classified as near threatened. When the host is exposed to anthropogenic pressures, the gut microbial community can adapt to these stressful situations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the habitat of black capuchin monkeys and their gut microbiome. Fecal samples were collected from the wild (n=27) and captive (n=7) monkeys, and their bacterial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the two populations. Wild monkeys exhibited a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, while captive monkeys showed a higher abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Functional prediction analyses highlighted differences in pathways related to xenobiotic degradation between captive and wild groups. Wild monkeys in urban areas showed enrichment in dioxin biodegradation pathways, while those in farming environments exhibited pathways associated with toluene degradation. These findings underscore the gut microbiome's adaptability and unique functional capabilities under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, this study highlighted the gut microbiome and its response to ecological contexts, providing valuable insights into the understanding of black capuchin monkeys and supporting conservation efforts by establishing connections between the microbiota and primate habitat. Further research is required to explore the functional implications of these microbial differences and their potential effects on the health and well-being of black capuchin monkeys in diverse environments.
Exploring the Effect of Self-Efficacy on Spiritual Health among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Chronic Diseases: An Empirical Study Based on Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Chen Chiao-Shan , Sun Juo-Hsiang , Gan Wei-Xuan , Qiu Hsien-Hung , Yeh Wong Martin Thomas
Published: September 2023

Background:
By 2025, Taiwan is projected to enter a super-aging society. Although significant advancements in medical technology have been made, the challenges associated with chronic diseases persist, particularly the issue of "multiple comorbidities" that often accompanies aging. Maintaining good spiritual health is not only crucial for psychological well-being but also plays a significant role in disease recovery, fostering positive health behaviors, and improving overall well-being. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of self-efficacy on spiritual health and explore other influencing factors.
Methods:
Stratified sampling was employed to survey individuals aged 45 years or older, who had been diagnosed with chronic diseases for a duration exceeding 3 month. A total of 120 valid samples were obtained with an effective response rate of 93%. The research instruments used in this study consisted of a demographic information questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, an Acceptance of Illness Scale, and a Spiritual Health Scale. The collected questionnaire data underwent analysis using a structural equation model.
Results:
Among middle-aged and older adults living with chronic diseases, hope in life was found to be positively associated with self-efficacy (β = 0.48, P < 0.000). Their acceptance of illness was also found to be positively correlated with self-efficacy (β = 0.20, P < 0.019). Furthermore, self-efficacy exerts a significant positive impact on various dimensions of spiritual health, encompassing religious sustenance (β = 0.23, P < 0.017), connection with oneself (β = 0.38, P < 0.000), the meaning of life (β = 0.56, P < 0.000), transcendence of adversity (β = 0.61, P < 0.000), and connection with nature (β = 0.43, P < 0.000).
Conclusions:
Self-efficacy has a positive impact on the spiritual health of older adults with chronic diseases. Higher levels of self-efficacy are associated with better spiritual health outcomes. Additionally, hope in life and acceptance of the disease influence self-efficacy, subsequently affecting spiritual health indirectly. Greater levels of hope in life and acceptance of the disease can lead to increased self-efficacy, which in turn contributes to improved spiritual health. In the future, enhancing spiritual health can be achieved by promoting factors that influence spiritual well-being. Individuals can make adjustments to their lifestyle and adopt healthy behaviors, thereby improving self-worth and fostering positive emotions that contribute to overall health improvement.
Group Health & Wellness Coaching: Development and Validation of the Required Competencies
Authors: Wolever Ruth Q. , Cline Tim , Weiss Jocelyn M. , Carmack Suzie , Schultz Cindy , Arloski Michael , Lawson Karen
Published: September 2023

Background
As the popularity and demonstrated effectiveness of Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) continue to grow to address chronic disease prevalence worldwide, delivery of this approach in a group format is gaining traction, particularly in healthcare. Nonetheless, very little empirical work exists on group coaching and no published competencies currently exist for Group Health and Wellness Coaching (GHWC).
Methods
We used a well-established two-phase (Development and Judgment) process to create and validate GHWC competencies with strong content validity.
Results
Seven highly qualified Subject Matter Experts systematically developed and proposed the GHWC competencies, which were then validated by 78 National Board Certified Health and Wellness Coaches (NBC-HWCs) currently practicing GHWC who rated the importance and use frequency of each one. The validation study led to 72 competencies which are organized into the structure and process of GHWC.
Conclusions
GHWC requires not only coaching skills, but significant group facilitation skills to guide the group process to best support members in maximizing health and well-being through self-directed behavioral change. As the presence of HWC continues to grow, it is imperative that GHWC skill standards be accepted and implemented for the safety of the public, the effectiveness of the intervention, and the value analysis of the field. Such standards will guide curriculum development, allow for a more robust research agenda, and give practical guidance for health and wellness coaches to responsibly run groups. High quality standards for GHWC are particularly needed in health care, where a Level III Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code for GHWC has been approved since 2019 and reimbursement of such has been proposed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for 2024.
Prevalence and predisposing factors of covid-19 in Bwindi -Mgahinga mountain gorilla conservation area landscape, Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph M , Neumbe Joan , Kiganira Dan Brian , Tino Patience , Namayanja Josephine , Kassuja Ronald , Nankya Annet , Nizeyi John Bosco
Published: September 2023

Background: Mountain gorillas are endangered primate that share 99% of their DNA with humans. It is possible that the now mutated form of SARS-CoV2 in humans could spread to these endangered species. To estimate the potential risk of spread, a study to determine the prevalence of Covid19 in Bwindi Mgahinga Conservation Area landscape and its associated predisposing factors was done in communities of the three districts of Kanungu, Kisoro and Rubanda which host the Conservation Area. A cross sectional study was conducted on likely high-risk groups such as boda boda cyclists, tour guides, people in market places, community members and patients attending health care services.
Methods: Nasal pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 576 participants, 282 being female and 248 males. The samples were analyzed using conventional PCR test at Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) and the prevalence of COVID19 determined. Demographic and other supporting data were collected using a structured questionnaire in kobo collect application in the field and was analyzed in Stata (version 14) using logistic regression to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of COVID19.
Results: The overall prevalence of COVID19 among people neighboring the conservation area was 8.0%, with Kanungu having the highest prevalence of 14.7% followed by Kisoro (11.0%) and Rubanda (6.2%). Wearing of a mask (p = 0.008, OR = 0.377), being in the age category of 20-39 years (p = 0.02, OR = 0.269) were protective factors, while hugging (p = 0.035, OR = 2.15) increased the risk of COVID-19 spread respectively.
Conclusion: It was evident in this study that COVID-19 occurred in communities around the Bwindi Mgahinga Conservation Area. Therefore, people working and visiting endangered mountain gorillas need to follow standard operating procedures particularly putting on masks to reduce the likelihood of transmitting Covid19 among humans as well as the gorillas
Fruit Intake and Respiratory Health: Results from Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Liao Wan-Zhe , Zhou Zhi-Yi , Chen Jun-Pan , Wen Ming-Hao , Yang Zhe-Han , Li Song-An , Guan Wei-Jie , Guo Xu-Guang
Published: September 2023

Background
Respiratory disease contributes to a substantial burden of disease and mortality. It continues to impact human health and the quality of life under the continuous advancements in prevention and treatment. As reported by previous research, dietary factors might be regarded as latent risk factors for lung disease, suggesting that a vegetarian diet can effectively reduce mortality.
Methods
In this study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to conduct Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal effect of fruit intake on respiratory disease burden including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. MVMR was carried out to validate the results under the influence of the other kind of fruit intake.
Results
There was weak evidence for a possible causal relationship between fresh fruit intake and respiratory diseases, whereas a substantial and strong causality was found between dried fruit intake and the four outcomes (COPDIVW: OR (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.22, 0. 48), P value < 0.001; asthmaIVW: OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.44, 0.79), P value < 0.001; bronchitisIVW: OR (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.35, 0.73), P value < 0.001; emphysemaIVW: OR (95% CI) = 0.15 (0.05, 0.42), P value < 0.001), with stability confirmed by tests and MVMR.
Conclusions
Our study strengthens the evidence for a positive causal relationship between dried fruit intake and four common respiratory outcomes but fails to show an association between fresh fruit intake and the outcomes, and the reliability of the dietary intervention could be strengthened by further validation.
Rearing of black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) based on substrates composed of water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: VODOUNNOU Juste Vital , DOSSA Victor , DJISSOU Carmel , KPOGUE Diane , AGADJIHOUEDE Hyppolite , FIOGBE Emile Didier , Micha Jean-Claude
Published: September 2023

The aim of this sudy is to enhance Water Hyacinth (WH) leaves in the diet of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Five different diets were formulated based on WH leaves and soy bran. The experimental device used is a complete random block consisting of 15 tanks (25 cm x 14 cm x 12 cm) arranged in triplicate and each containing 200 Hermetia illucens larvae. The experiment was done for 10 days. We notice significant differences between the different parameters. The Daily Weight Gain (DWG) varied from 2.54 ± 0.09 (R4) to 4.52 ± 0.02 (R0). Production varied from 50.87 ± 1.79 g/kg of substrate (R4) to 90.56 ± 0.54 g/kg of substrate (R0) and the Degradation Rate of substrates varied from 42.93 ± 1.79% (R4) to 65.00 ± 2.88% (R0). The survival rate varied from 91.33 ± 1.92% (R4) to 99.00 ± 0.28% (R0). Following the Z correlation test, a strong correlation (81.8%) is observed between the nitrogen in substrate and DWG of (BSF) larvae, as well as the degradation rate of the substrate (82.8%). This is also noticed with the organic matter content of the substrate which is strongly correlated with the DWG (97.6%) and the degradation rate of the substrate (91.6%). About nutritional quality of the larvae, a significant difference (p < 0.05) is observed between the different treatments. The protein varied from 31.47 ± 0.33% (R4) to 40.64 ± 032% (R0). The lipid varied from 15.36 ± 0.12% (R4) to 30.44 ± 0.18% (R0). It appears from this study that water hyacinth leaves mixed with SB can be valorized in the BSF larvae rearing
Naringenin induces different proliferative effects in estrogen receptor-alpha-66 negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Xu Zhixiang , Hu Siyuan , Luo Nao , Liu Jun , Ren Xiaomin , Pan Xuejun
Published: September 2023

Naringenin is a flavanone able to suppress the growth of various cancer cells including estrogen receptor-alpha-66 (ERα66)-positive breast cancer cells, but the anti-tumorigenic roles of naringenin in ERα66-negative breast cancer remain unclear. This study aims to determine the potential effects of naringenin on two ERα66-negative breast cancer cells (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) and to define their mechanisms of action. Herein, several cellular biological behaviors, including cell viability, migration, cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative stress (e.g., LDH, SOD and GSH), were evaluated in the present study. Then the gene expression levels involved in cell migration, cycle and apoptosis, as well as two membrane estrogen receptors (ERα36 and GPR30) were analyzed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay and western blotting. Results showed that naringenin exerted a concentration-dependent response on the growth of both ERα66-negative cell lines. The cell growth regulation was accompanied by modulation of cell migration, cycle and apoptosis, which were dependent on the ROS-regulated p53 signaling cascade. Importantly, ERα36 and GPR30 were involved in the (anti)-proliferative effects. These findings indicate naringenin possesses contrasting effects on ERα66-negative breast cancer cell growth depending on its dose
Cryo-EM analysis reveals human SID1 transmembrane family member 1 dynamics underlying lipid hydrolytic activity
Authors: Shimizu Toshiyuki , Hirano Yoshinori , Ohto Umeharu , Sato Ryota , Miyake Kensuke
Published: September 2023

Two mammalian homologues of systemic RNA interference defective protein 1 (SID-1) (SIDT1/2) are suggested to function as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transporters for extracellular dsRNA uptake or for release of incorporated dsRNA from lysosome to cytoplasm. SIDT1/2 is also suggested to be involved in cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human SIDT1 homodimer in a side-by-side arrangement with two distinct conformations, the cholesterol-bound closed-form and the unbound open-form. Our structures revealed that the membrane spanning region of SIDT1 harbors conserved histidine and aspartate residues coordinating to putative zinc ion, in a structurally similar manner to alkaline ceramidases or adiponectin receptors that require zinc for ceramidase activity. We identified that SIDT1 has a ceramidase activity that is attenuated by cholesterol binding. Observations from two structures suggest that cholesterol molecules serve as allosteric regulator that binds the transmembrane region of SIDT1 and induces the conformation change and the reorientation of the catalytic residues.
Deep Learning Algorithms for Predicting Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in CKD Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Leung Ka-Chun , Ng Wincy Wing-Sze , Siu Yui-Pong , Hau Kai-Ching , Lee Hoi-Kan
Published: September 2023

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires accurate prediction of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation risk. This study developed deep learning algorithms (DLAs) to predict RRT risk in CKD patients by incorporating medical history and prescriptions in addition to biochemical investigations.Methods: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted in three major hospitals in Hong Kong. CKD patients with an eGFR < 30ml/min/1.73m² were included. DLAs of various structures were created and trained using patient data. Using a test set, the DLAs' predictive performance was compared to Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE).Results: DLAs outperformed KFRE in predicting RRT initiation risk (CNN + LSTM + ANN layers ROC-AUC = 0.90; CNN ROC-AUC = 0.91; 4-variable KFRE: ROC-AUC = 0.84; 8-variable KFRE: ROC-AUC = 0.84). DLAs accurately predicted uncoded renal transplants and patients requiring dialysis after 5 years, demonstrating their ability to capture non-linear relationships.Conclusions: DLAs provide accurate predictions of RRT risk in CKD patients, surpassing traditional methods like KFRE. Incorporating medical history and prescriptions improves prediction performance. Implementing DLAs can enhance patient care, reduce errors, and optimize resource allocation. Further research is needed to address DLA interpretability and expand the training dataset. This study emphasizes the potential of DLAs as valuable tools for predicting RRT risk and advancing CKD management.
Investigating the adsorption of humic acid from water using CTS/PAM and CTS/PAM/EDTA adsorbents
Authors: Alizadeh Mahdi , Abdi Sajjad , Abdoli Seyed Majid , Hazrati Hossein , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, reports from around the globe indicate an increase in natural organic substances in surface waters, which has a negative impact on drinking water purification and causes problems such as the taste and color of water, reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, causing membrane fouling in the filtration process, and acting as a precursor for the formation of an antiseptic by-product. This work used the adsorption process to evaluate the elimination of natural organic compounds in aquatic environments. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a crosslinker for chitosan (CTS) and N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker for polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to prepare humic acid (HA) adsorbents utilizing a two-step procedure. The FTIR spectroscopy proved the EDTA cross-linking agent was effective with the semi-crosslinking CTS/PAM hydrogel. CTS/PAM/EDTA double network hydrogel exhibited a higher HA adsorption capacity (qe=107.7 mg/g) than CTS/PAM (qe=59.3 mg/g) at pH = 7 and an initial concentration of 60 mg. L− 1 during 60 min. Also, results demonstrate that CTS/PAM/EDTA double network hydrogels showed faster adsorption kinetics than CTS/PAM.
Exploring the Influence of Spiritual Leadership, Leader – Member Exchange, and Traditionality Orientation on Employee Voice Behavior
Authors: Pitafi Sheena
Published: September 2023

This research builds on the idea that the exchange of resources between leaders and followers can influence the behavior of employees. Specifically, the study investigates how leaders can develop strong leader-member exchange (LMX) with their followers, and how this exchange can lead to increased employee voice behavior. The study analyzed data collected from 365 individual employees working in Chinese organization. The findings indicate that LMX acts as a mediator between spiritual leadership and employee voice behavior. The strength of this mediation, however, depends on the followers' level of traditionality orientation. Notably, the findings indicate that the effect is significant only among individuals who exhibit low traditionality. Theoretical contributions and implications for practice are discussed in later sections.
Portability of genomic predictions trained on sparse factorial designs across two maize silage breeding cycles
Authors: Lorenzi Alizarine , Bauland Cyril , Pin Sophie , Madur Delphine , Combes Valérie , Palaffre Carine , Guillaume Colin , Touzy Gaëtan , Mary-Huard Tristan , Charcosset Alain , Moreau Laurence
Published: September 2023

Genomic selection offers new prospects for revisiting hybrid breeding schemes by replacing extensive phenotyping of individuals with genomic predictions. Finding the ideal design for training genomic prediction models is still an open question. Previous studies have shown promising predictive abilities using sparse factorial instead of tester-based training sets to predict single-cross hybrids from the same generation. This study aims to further investigate the use of factorials and their optimization to predict line general combining abilities (GCAs) and hybrid values across breeding cycles. It relies on two breeding cycles of a maize reciprocal genomic selection scheme involving multiparental connected reciprocal populations from flint and dent complementary heterotic groups selected for silage performances. Selection based on genomic predictions trained on a factorial design resulted in a significant genetic gain for dry matter yield in the new generation. Results confirmed the efficiency of sparse factorial training sets to predict candidate line GCAs and hybrid values across breeding cycles. Compared to a previous study based on the first generation, the advantage of factorial over tester training sets appeared lower across generations. Updating factorial training sets by adding single-cross hybrids between selected lines from the previous generation or a random subset of hybrids from the new generation both improved predictive abilities. The CDmean criterion helped determine the set of single-crosses to phenotype to update the training set efficiently. Our results validated the efficiency of sparse factorial designs for calibrating hybrid genomic prediction experimentally and showed the benefit of updating it along generations.
Miracle Friends and Miracle Money in California: A mixed-methods experiment of social support and guaranteed income for people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Henwood Benjamin , Kim Bo-Kyung Elizabeth , Stein Amy , Corletto Gisele , Suthar Himal , Adler Kevin F. , Mazzocchi Madeline , Ip Julia , Padgett Deborah K.
Published: September 2023

Background: This paper describes the protocols for a randomized controlled trial of an intervention initially designed to address social isolation and loneliness among people experiencing homelessness but subsequently paired with an economic poverty-reduction intervention. The social support intervention, known as “Miracle Friends,” pairs an unhoused person with a volunteer “phone buddy.” The poverty reduction intervention, known as “Miracle Money,” provides guaranteed basic income of $750 per month for 1 year to Miracle Friends participants. The study will examine whether either intervention reduce social isolation or homelessness compared to a waitlist control group.
Methods: Unhoused individuals who expressed interest in the phone buddy program were randomized to either receive the intervention or be placed on a waitlist. Among those randomized to receive the intervention, randomization also determined whether they would be eligible for basic income, although this was only disclosed to study participants who were participating in the phone buddy program and therefore, eligible to start receiving monthly payments. All study participants, regardless of assignment, were surveyed every 3 months for 15 months.
Results: Of 759 unhoused individuals enrolled in the study, 253 were randomized to Miracle Friends only, 267 were randomized to Miracle Money, and 239 were randomized to the waitlist control group. In the two intervention groups, 349 unhoused individuals were matched to a phone buddy, with 172 discharged from the program. Of the 185 study participants in the Miracle Money group who had been matched to a volunteer phone buddy, 105 met the participation threshold and began receiving monthly income.
Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will determine whether innovative interventions that involve volunteer phone support and basic income can reduce social isolation and improve housing outcomes for people experiencing homelessness. Although we have enrolled unhoused individuals who initially expressed interest in the Miracle Friends phone buddy program, the study team has been unable to contact approximately 30% of individuals referred to the study. This may reflect the general lack of stability in the lives of people who are unhoused or limitations in the appeal of such a program to some portion of the unhoused population.
MicroRNA-31 ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation and permeability by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediated by ROCK1 in endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Liu Yi , Jiang Lulu , Wu Yindong , Yu Youxin , Jiang Wei , Meng Chengying , Song Junhui , Sun Youjun , Hu Delin
Published: September 2023

Background and aims
Evidence has shown that miR-31 is a molecule associated with inflammation in different types of cells.However,the changes of miR-31 in LPS-stimulated endothelial cells and the effect of this change in expression on endothelial cells are unknown.This study sought to investigate how miR-31 modulates endothelial permeability and inflammation in LPS-stimulated culture pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs).
Methods
It was discovered that enhanced cell monolayer permeability was defined by lower TER and higher FITC-dextran levels. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay, and inflammatory factor concentration was measured using an ELISA. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were utilized to quantify protein and mRNA expression.
Results
In LPS-stimulated PMVECs, cell permeability was increased and miR-31 levels were reduced.In PMVECs overexpressed miR-31, the increased cell permeability induced by LPS was significantly improved and the elevated levels of inflammatory factors induced by LPS were reduced. Besides,LPS-induced reductions in PI3K and AKT phosphorylation were restored by overexpressing miR-31. Inhibition of PI3K led to elevated levels of TNF-α, ICAM-1, IL-6, VCAM-1 inflammatory factor, and FITC-dextran and lower levels of TER. MiR-31 negatively controlled ROCK1 expression. The co-expression of ROCK1 and miR-31 caused the downregulation of the phosphorylated PI3K expression and decreased TER and increased FITC-dextran compared with miR-31 overexpression alone.
Conclusion
In response to LPS, PMVECs downregulate microRNA-31, which has been linked to PMVEC inflammation and permeability through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade via ROCK1.