bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of Unilateral Hemilaminectomy and Bilateral Laminectomy in the Resection of Spinal Meningiomas
Authors: Said Wesam , Maragno Emanuele , Leibrandt Lara , Spille Dorothee , Schipmann Stephanie , Stummer Walter , Gallus Marco , Schwake Michael
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The primary treatment modality for spinal meningiomas (SM) is surgical resection. In recent years, minimal invasive spine surgery has gained considerable popularity, attributing its growth to advancements in surgical technologies and improved training of surgeons. Nonetheless, the suitability and effectiveness of minimal invasive spine surgery for intradural spinal tumor resection remain a subject of debate. In this cohort study, we aimed to compare the extent of resection of the unilateral hemilaminectomy approach, a less invasive technique, with the more traditional and invasive bilateral laminectomy.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients with SM who underwent surgery at our department between 1996 and 2020. Cohorts included patients who underwent tumor resection through bilateral laminectomy and patients who underwent a unilateral hemilaminectomy. The primary end point was extent of resection according to the Simpson classification.

RESULTS:

Of 131 with SM, 36 had a bilateral laminectomy and 95 were operated through a unilateral hemilaminectomy. In both groups, gross total resection, Simpson grades 1 and 2, was achieved in 94.44% and 94.74%, respectively (P = .999). The neurological outcome was also comparable in both cohorts (P = .356). Both length of hospital stay and estimated blood loss were significantly lower in the unilateral cohort (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study indicate that the unilateral hemilaminectomy yields comparable results in both oncological and neurological outcome when compared with the bilateral laminectomy. Thus, unilateral hemilaminectomy may serve as a viable and safe alternative for the surgical removal of SM.
Transpalpebral/Blepharoplasty Incision and Supraorbital Craniotomy for the Treatment of Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Case Series
Authors: Hagstrom Rory , Nossek Erez , Rutledge Caleb W. , Ponchione Elizabeth , Suryadevara Carter , Kremer Caroline , Alcon Andre , Sharashidze Vera , Shapiro Maksim , Raz Eytan , Nelson Peter K. , Staffenberg David A. , Riina Howard A.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Inherent complex angioarchitecture associated with ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) can make endovascular treatment methods challenging. Many surgical approaches are accompanied by unfavorable cosmetic results such as facial scarring. Blepharoplasty incision of the eyelid offers a minimal, well-hidden scar compared with other incision sites while offering the surgeon optimal visualization of pathogenic structures. This case series aims to report an initial assessment of the safety and efficacy of supraorbital craniotomy by blepharoplasty transpalpebral (eyelid) incision for surgical disconnection of ethmoidal dAVFs.

METHODS:

Retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent blepharoplasty incision and craniotomy for disconnection of ethmoidal dAVFs at our institution between October 2011 and February 2023. Patient charts and follow-up imaging were reviewed to report clinical and angiographic outcomes as well as periprocedural and follow-up complications.

RESULTS:

Complete obliteration and disconnection of ethmoidal dAVF was achieved in all 6 (100%) patients as confirmed by intraoperative angiogram with no resulting morbidity or mortality. Periprocedural complications included one case of transient nasal cerebrospinal fluid leak that was self-limiting and resolved before discharge without intervention.

CONCLUSION:

Surgical treatment for ethmoidal dAVFs, specifically by transpalpebral incision and supraorbital craniotomy, is a safe and effective treatment option and affords the surgeon greater access to the floor of the anterior fossa when necessary. In addition, blepharoplasty incision addressed patient concerns for facial scarring compared with other incision sites by creating a more well-hidden, minimal scar in the natural folds of the eyelid for patients with an eyelid crease.
Pour une historie de la violence
Authors: Καρρά Μαριλένα
Published: February 2024

Επίκεντρο της μελέτης μας αποτελεί η σπονδυλωτή ταινία Ιστορίες του κινηματογράφου, έργο αποσπασματικό, δομημένο σε τέσσερα μέρη, έκαστο εκ των οποίων χωρίζεται ακολούθως σε δυο επεισόδια. Πρόκειται, κατά τη γνώμη μας, για έργο που λαμβάνει τον χαρακτήρα μιας πειραματικής ιστορίας του κινηματογράφου. Διότι, μέσω του μοντάζ, ο δημιουργός θα εργαστεί επί της ενδιάθετης σχέσης μεταξύ των κινηματογραφικών φανερώσεων [figures], η οποία αποσκοπεί να καταστήσει ορατή μια ιστορία που κατασκευάζεται από το υλικό του ίδιου του μέσου. Για να είμαστε σαφείς, τούτη η ιστορία του κινηματογράφου δεν αποτελεί μια εξωγενή, προς το υλικό της, αφήγηση. Αντίθετα, αναβιβάζεται σε αποκρυστάλλωση των σχέσεων που δημιουργούν οι προβαλλόμενες κινηματογραφικές φανερώσεις, κάθε φορά που στο μοντάζ συγκρίνονται, δοκιμάζονται σε σχέσεις αναλογίας και μεταφοράς, προαναγγελίας [préfiguration] και πραγμάτωσης. Σε μεθοδολογικό επίπεδο, τούτη η κινηματογραφική ιστορία συνιστά ήδη μια ανοιχτή πρόταση, μια παρέκκλιση· τουλάχιστον, στον βαθμό που αντί του λόγου, κινητοποιούνται για την κατασκευή της δυο άλλες διαδικασίες, η προβολή και το μοντάζ. Εξ ου και μας απασχολεί, τόσο το ερώτημα περί της ύπαρξης ενός «ενδιάμεσου» [entre-deux] χώρου για τη συνάντηση ιστορίας και κινηματογράφου, όσο κι εκείνο περί της δυνατότητας ποιητικής τους σύζευξης. Κοντολογίς, εξετάζουμε αν ο κινηματογράφος μας επιτρέπει να δημιουργήσουμε ένα μη αφηγηματικό, αλλά και μη λογοκεντρικό ιστοριογραφικό παράδειγμα.Κυριότερος στόχος αυτής της μελέτης είναι συνεπώς η κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο το έργο του Γκοντάρ επεξεργάζεται μια ιστορία φανερώσεων της βίας και μια νέα μέθοδο κατασκευής της ιστορίας πέρα από την αφήγηση. Σε διάλογο με το έργο του Γκοντάρ βλέπουμε ότι η κατηγορία της βίας ξεφεύγει από έναν αυστηρά εννοιολογικό ορισμό, διότι συνδέεται με την κίνηση της ιστορίας, αντιστοιχεί στην πρακτική εμπειρία των ανθρώπων και στη γέννηση των συναισθημάτων τους. Αν η βία συνιστά, όπως προσπαθούμε να δείξουμε, συστατική κατηγορία των διαφορετικών στοιχείων της κινηματογραφικής εικόνας – ειδικότερα, αυτών που εμείς αποκαλούμε φανερώσεις – και του μοντάζ, τότε εκείνη οφείλει να αναλυθεί τόσο από αισθητική, όσο και από πολιτική σκοπιά.
Κλιματική Αλλαγή
Authors: Καπνιά Ιωάννα , Γκρέκης Δημήτρης
Published: February 2024

Η εργασία μας αφορά την κλιματική αλλαγή, εστιάζοντας στο κοινωνικό, οικονομικό και πολιτικό επίπεδο. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται οι επιπτώσεις που έχει και θα έχει στη ζωή μας, καθώς και οι επιπτώσεις σε διαφορετικά μέρη του κόσμου, Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στα μέτρα που παίρνονται για την καταπολέμησή της.
Editorial
Authors: Μάλλιου Ελένη
Published: February 2024

Στο τεύχος των πρακτικών παρουσιάζουμε τις εργασίες των μαθητών της Ελληνογερμανικής Αγωγής. Οι εργασίες παρουσιάζουν θέματα που απασχολούν τους μαθητές αυτής της ηλικίας και που αποτελούν γι αυτά προκλήσεις στο μέλλον τους. Τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα στη σύγχρονη εποχή, η έννοια της δικαιοσύνης, η αξία των ανθρωπιστικών ιδεωδών σήμερα αλλά και οι εφαρμογές της τεχνητής νοημοσύνης στην καθημερινότητα και στις επιστήμες, η οικολογία και η πράσινη οικονομία είναι μόνο μερικά από όσα τους προβληματίζουν και μελετούν.
Determinants of adherence to insulin and blood glucose monitoring among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes in Qatar: a qualitative study
Authors: AlBurno Hanan , Schneider Francine , de Vries Hein , Al Mohannadi Dabia , Mercken Liesbeth
Published: February 2024

Background Adherence to insulin and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is insufficient in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide and in Qatar. Little is known about the factors related to being aware of suboptimal adherence and the beliefs related to suboptimal adherence in this group. This qualitative study investigated factors related to awareness of, and beliefs about suboptimal adherence, as well as the existence of specific action plans to combat suboptimal adherence using the I-Change model. Methods The target group was comprised of 20 Arab AYAs (17–24 years of age) with T1D living in Qatar. Participants were interviewed via semi-structured, face-to-face individual interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Framework Method. Results Suboptimal adherence to insulin, and particularly to BGM, in AYAs with T1D was identified. Some AYAs reported to have little awareness about the consequences of their suboptimal adherence and how this can adversely affect optimal diabetes management. Participants also associated various disadvantages to adherence (e.g., hypoglycemia, pain, among others) and reported low self-efficacy in being adherent (e.g., when outside home, in a bad mood, among others). Additionally, goal setting and action-planning often appeared to be lacking. Factors facilitating adherence were receiving support from family and healthcare providers, being motivated, and high self-efficacy. Conclusions Interventions that increase awareness concerning the risks of suboptimal adherence of AYAs with T1D are needed, that increase motivation to adhere by stressing the advantages, creating support and increasing self-efficacy, and that address action planning and goal parameters.
Predicting stunting in Rwanda using artificial neural networks: a demographic health survey 2020 analysis
Authors: Ndagijimana Similien , Kabano Ignace , Masabo Emmanuel , Ntaganda Jean Marie
Published: February 2024

Background Stunting is a serious public health concern in Rwanda, affecting around 33.3% of children under the age of five in 2020. Several examples of research have employed machine learning algorithms to predict stunting in Rwanda; however, no study used artificial neural networks (ANNs), despite their strong capacity to predict stunting. The purpose of this study was to predict stunting in Rwanda using ANNs and the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 2020. Methods We used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture to train and test the ANN model on a subset of the DHS dataset. The input variables for the model included child, parental and socio-demographic’s characteristics. The output variable was a binary indicator of stunting status (stunted vs. not stunted). Results An overall accuracy of 72.0% on the test set was observed, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.84, indicating the model’s good performance. Several factors appear as important contributors to the probability of stunting among the negative value aspects. First and foremost, the mother’s height is important, as a lower height suggests an increased risk of stunting in children. Positive value characteristics, on the other hand, emphasie elements that reduce the likelihood of stunting. The timing of the initiation of breastfeeding stands out as a crucial factor, showing that early breastfeeding initiation has been linked with a decreased risk of stunting. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ANNs can be a useful tool for predicting stunting in Rwanda and identifying the most important associated factors for stunting. These insights can inform targeted interventions to reduce the burden of stunting in Rwanda and other low- and middle-income countries.
Eco-friendly approaches of modern antifouling coating fabrication
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Vourna Polyxeni
Published: February 2024

Biofouling presents significant technological, scientific, and economic obstacles to diverse maritime industries. Marine boats, pipelines, and offshore structures are susceptible to biofouling caused by the colonization of marine organisms, including macroalgae, clams, and shells. Due to the health risks and probable genetic abnormalities the usage of traditional antifouling coatings has been restricted or prohibited. Consequently, researchers have directed their efforts towards identifying environmentally benign alternatives to effectively mitigate fouling. This paper provides a concise overview of the recent progress made in the field of environmentally sustainable marine antifouling coatings and discusses limitations and perspectives.
COGNICIÓN DE LA REALIDAD ANTE LA CIENCIA DEL CONTROL: Problemas de ontología de la fotografía después de la Cibernética.
Authors: de Rezende C. Fares Leonardo
Published: February 2024

Este ensayo propone apreciar la evolución de los problemas acerca de la comprensión ontológica de la imagen fotográfica y su derivada, la película, frente a la sofisticación de los aparatos de su producción. La libertad creacional en la confección de las imágenes hechas en máquinas ópticas es inversamente proporcional a su credibilidad como documentos. Desde su aparición en el paisaje humano, en cuanto objeto cultural, la tecnología de grabar imágen con luce ha traído consigo un complejo de aporías sobre cuál sería la naturaleza de la imagen producida por cámaras: ¿documento o objeto artístico, intencionalmente producido y con significado fabricado? Consecuentemente: ¿ellas son denotativas o, obligatoriamente, connotativas? El desarrollo de la captura automática de imágenes, en los años 1980 representó la primera actualización de la cuestión: ¿En qué medida, y hasta cuándo, será posible confiar en la fotografía y en la película como documentos por los cuales el hombre pretende acceder a la realidad? La cuestión ahora parece estar establecida, definitivamente, frente a la invención de la fotografía artificial confeccionada por algoritmos.
SOCRATES’ METHOD OF ‘NOT WRITING’
Authors: Kumar Dushyant
Published: February 2024

In this paper, I intend to propound that Socrates’ choice of abstaining himself from writing not only leads to the “Socratic Problem” but also renders him vulnerable to misappropriations; a vulnerability he attributes to writing while substantiating his downright dismissal of it. The paper has been divided into three sections. In section one; effort is to contemplate “The Socratic Problem” which has been baffling scholars across centuries. Whether, for example, in Plato’s works, is it Plato’s or the historical Socrates’ views? Absence of Socrates’ own work has put his historical existence in a blurry picture and his character under shadows of doubts. In section two, there is an attempt to outline the debate between Phonocentrism and Oral tradition. Socrates is seen projecting phonocentric viewpoints in Plato’s Phaedrus, when he censures writing by invoking an Egyptian myth. In the last section, I have put forth a surmise that Plato’s Socrates must be an apotheosized and misappropriated version of the historical Socrates. And I question, if it can be taken as an insinuation that we need to consider possibility of misappropriation every time we read history without historicity.
The evolving role of advanced clinical practitioners: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Britton Carolina R , Blackwood Douglas
Published: February 2024

This editorial reviews the roles of advanced clinical practitioners, suggesting how the debate could evolve, returning to the original intent behind these roles and progressing towards ways of sustaining high-quality, equitable and safe care under strong medical leadership.
The patient with a painful knee
Authors: Bamania Prashant , Osmani Humza T , Robinson Philip , McDonnell Stephen , Ahmed Naeem
Published: February 2024

Knee pain encompasses a wide array of differential diagnoses and can often pose a diagnostic challenge, as it can have traumatic or non-traumatic causes. A good clinical history, assessment and anatomical knowledge gives a strong foundation to narrow down the diagnosis, and understanding the correct imaging modality and findings further informs correct and timely management. This article reviews various disease processes including fractures, inflammatory, infective and neoplastic causes, and discusses the assessment and various imaging modalities to aid diagnosis in both primary and secondary care.
Parataenius simulator (Harold, 1868)(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae): a new dung beetle introduced on Rapa Nui, Chile
Authors: MONDACA JOSÉ , ROTHMANN SERGIO
Published: February 2024

Parataenius simulator (Harold, 1868) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini), a small dung beetle native to South America, is reported for the first time in Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile. This new insular record is based on adult specimens that were intercepted at the Mataveri International Airport, and so far, there is no evidence that self-sustaining populations exist in other places on the island. A brief diagnosis for recognition of the species, adult photographs, distribution, and natural history data extracted from the literature are provided. The possible route of entry of this aphodiine into the island is discussed.
Breaches in Infection Prevention and Controls Discovered During an Outbreak Investigation of Two Unlinked Cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections in a Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery Unit
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chaiwarith Romanee , Nunngam Nantana ,   Infection Control Unit, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, Khamnoi Phadungkiat ,   Microbiology Section, Diagnostic Laboratory, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, Katechanok Sadubporn ,   Operating Room, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, Thana Umpaipan ,   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Phrommintikul Arintaya ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Published: February 2024

Two patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections were diagnosed a week apart in a cardiovascular thoracic (CVT) surgery unit where there had been no cases of P. aeruginosa infections in the preceding 6 months. An outbreak investigation was conducted. Medical records were reviewed to identify potential common exposure in both patients. Outbreak investigation procedures included cultures of intravenous infusions and various solutions in the operating theatre and the general CVT surgery unit, the intensive care unit and the intermediate care unit, and monitoring compliance with the central line associated bloodstream infection prevention bundle. Both the blood cultures of the two patients as well as the liquid soap used for hand washing in the unit grew P. aeruginosa. However, there were three clonalities of isolates, the first from patient A, the second from patient B, and the third from the liquid soap. Other intravenous infusions and various solutions, i.e., normal saline solution, lactate ringer solutions, solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, and skin antisepsis, did not grow potential pathogens. In conclusion, although these were unlinked cases, investigation of the cases uncovered breaches in infection control practices and provided an opportunity to improve the infection control strategies in our institution.. KEYWORDS P. aeruginosa, bloodstream infection, outbreak, outbreak investigation, infection control
Cosmeceutical Activities of Essential Oils from the Rhizomes of Plants in the Zingiberaceae Family
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Tammasorn Pattiya , Kanjanakawinkul Watchara ,   Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities by Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Phlu Ta Luang, Sattahip, Chon Buri 20180, Thailand, Chaiyana Wantida ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: February 2024

The plants in the Zingiberaceae family are often rhizomatous annual or perennial herbs with considerable economic value. This study aimed to investigate the cosmeceutical activities of essential oils from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, Curcuma caesia Roxb., and Curcuma longa L. The essential oils were obtained from hydrodistillation and subjected to investigations of antioxidant activities by 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power, and ferric thiocyanate assay. Furthermore, the whitening properties were investigated in terms of anti-tyrosinase inhibition, whereas the anti-skin aging activities were investigated through collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The results showed that all essential oils exhibited low antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-collagenase activities. On the other hand, H. coronarium oil was the only essential oil in the present study, which was found to possess anti-tyrosinase activity, with the inhibition of 98.4 ± 5.5% and 30.2 ± 1.7% at the final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, when the substrate were L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, respectively. Interestingly, it was highlighted that the anti-tyrosinase activity of H. coronarium oil was stronger than that of kojic acid, a well-known whitening agent, when the substrate was L-tyrosine. Besides, H. coronarium oil and C. longa oil exhibited promising anti-hyluronidase activities with inhibition of 83.6 ± 1.0% and 82.9 ± 2.2%, respectively, which were comparable to that of epigallocatechin gallate (100.0 ± 0.0%). All essential oil induced irritations in the HET-CAM test at the tested concentration of 5 mg/ml in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in olive oil. Therefore, H. coronarium oil was suggested as an attractive ingredient in cosmeceutical products for whitening and anti-aging.
Lateral clavicle fracture-plating options and considerations
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Annamalai Saravanan , Kandasamy Velmurugan
Published: February 2024

Clavicle fractures are among the most prevalent types of fractures with numerous treatment strategies that have evolved over time. In the realm of lateral-third clavicle fracture management, several surgical methods are available, with plate and screw constructs being one of the most frequently employed options. Within this construct, numerous choices exist for fixing the fracture. This editorial provides an overview of the common plate options utilized in the management of distal third clavicle fractures underscoring the critical considerations and approaches that guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate fixation techniques, considering the complex landscape of clavicle fractures and their challenging management.
Tumor deposits in axillary adipose tissue in patients with breast cancer: Do they matter?
Authors: Mubarak Muhammed , Rashid Rahma , Shakeel Shaheera
Published: February 2024

Tumor deposits (TDs) are defined as discrete, irregular clusters of tumor cells lying in the soft tissue adjacent to but separate from the primary tumor, and are usually found in the lymphatic drainage area of the primary tumor. By definition, no residual lymph node structure should be identified in these tumor masses. At present, TDs are mainly reported in colorectal cancer, with a few reports in gastric cancer. There are very few reports on breast cancer (BC). For TDs, current dominant theories suggest that these are the result of lymph node metastasis of the tumor with complete destruction of the lymph nodes by the tumor tissue. Even some pathologists classify a TD as two lymph node metastases for calculation. Some pathologists also believe that TDs belong to the category of disseminated metastasis. Therefore, regardless of the origin, TDs are an indicator of poor prognosis. Moreover, for BC, sentinel lymph node biopsy is generally used at present. Whether radical axillary lymph node dissection should be adopted for BC with TDs in axillary lymph nodes is still inconclusive. The present commentary of this clinical issue has certain guiding significance. It is aimed to increase the awareness of the scientific community towards this under-recognized problem in BC pathology.
Efficacy and safety of remimazolam in bronchoscopic sedation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhao Cheng , Tang Yi-Xun , Liu Ji-Tong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Remimazolam is a new benzodiazepine used for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. Several studies have used remimazolam for bendable bronchoscopy.

AIM

To assess the safety and efficacy of remimazolam for sedation in patients undergoing bendable bronchoscopy by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS

We searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for RCTs on bendable bronchoscopic procedural sedation with remimazolam vs conventional sedatives (CS).

RESULTS

Five studies with 1080 cases were included. Remimazolam had the same sedation success rate compared with CS [relative risk (RR): 1.35, 95%CI: 0.60-3.05, P = 0.474, I 2 = 99.6%]. However, remimazolam was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension (RR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.40-0.95, P = 0.027; I 2 = 65.1%) and a lower incidence of respiratory depression (RR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.33-0.77, P = 0.002, I 2 = 42.3%). A subgroup analysis showed a higher success rate of sedation with remimazolam than midazolam (RR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.76-3.42, P < 0.001). Compared with propofol, the incidence of hypotension (RR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.32-0.64, P < 0.001, I 2 = 0.0%), respiratory depression (RR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.30-0.76, P = 0.002, I 2 = 78.4%), hypoxemia (RR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.15-0.87, P = 0.023), and injection pain (RR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01-0.28, P = 0.001) were lower.

CONCLUSION

Remimazolam is safe and effective during bronchoscopy. The sedation success rate was similar to that in the CS group. However, remimazolam has a higher safety profile, with fewer inhibitory effects on respiration and circulation.
Tibial Dysplasia in Neurofibromatosis-1: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed To Be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India., Ambade Ratnakar , Malik Shivika ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed To Be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2024

Background: Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is a neurocutaneous disorder, primarily affecting the skin and nervous system. Concomitant multi-system involvement is also seen. Orthopedic manifestations of NF-1 are one area that is understudied and underreported, highlighting the importance of this case report. Case Report: A 16-year-old male presented with painless swelling on the posteromedial aspect of the lower right tibia, which was confirmed to be a dysplastic mass on biopsy. Physical examination also revealed cafe au lait macules and axillary freckling, leading to a diagnosis of NF-1. Discussion: Bony lesions in NF-1 patients mainly include the spine and tibia. Congenital tibial dysplasia is commonly associated with NF-1 and may progress to pseudoarthrosis if early management is not started. Treatment modalities include excision, bracing, and fixation. Conclusion: Further research is required to have a more comprehensive view of NF-1 and orthopedics, to diagnose and manage such bony complications. Keywords: Neurofibromatosis-1, orthopedic manifestations, tibial dysplasia.
Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures in Adolescence in Sports Injury about Four Cases Series
Authors:   Department of surgery Yaounde General Hospital,, Kennedy Muluem Olivier , Loic Fonkoue ,   Department of surgery Yaounde General Hospital,, Gustave Tsiagadjigui Jean ,   University of Yaounde, 3University of Douala., Raphaella Nyekel Justine , Umaru Chifen ,   University of Yaounde, 3University of Douala., Jean Bahebeck ,   University of Yaounde, 3University of Douala.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures are a rare lesion in adolescence that occurs during sports such as basketball, soccer, and volleyball. They result from a forceful extension of the knee against a fixed leg. Case Report: Case 1: A 14-year-old adolescent who reportedly experienced severe knee pain when he jumped to head a ball during a soccer game. Case 2: A 17-year-old teenager who reportedly experienced severe knee pain on takeoff during a high jump event. Case 3: A 16-year-old who reportedly felt pain during takeoff to catch a basketball. Case 4: A 14-year-old adolescent who reportedly felt pain in his left knee on takeoff from a high jump during a basketball game. All of these patients presented with a defective leg extension on clinical examination. Radiographs showed an avulsion fracture of the anterior tibial tuberosity and treatment was surgical. Discussion: Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity are rare lesions. They occur in adolescents during sports and are usually accompanied by fracture fragment displacement, indicating reduction, and internal fixation surgery by screwing. In the short term, the result is satisfactory. Conclusion: Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures when managed in their entirety, give better results with a precocious return to sport. Keywords: Avulsion fracture, tibial tuberosity, adolescent, sport.
Bilateral Floating Knee Injuries Managed by Intramedullary Nailing – An Unusual Injury
Authors:   Subham hospital, Coochbehar , West Bengal,, Kar Santanu , Sugumar Pon Aravindhan A ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,, Sharma Vijay ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,, Farooque Kamran ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,, Janardhanan Ritvik ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,, Jeyaraman Madhan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600056, India.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Floating knee injuries were first described in 1975 by McBryde as concurrent femur and tibial fractures in an ipsilateral limb. They usually occurred in a polytrauma setting and presented with poor functional outcomes with frequent post-operative complications. Management of this injury was based on patient and fracture characteristics and can be done by external fixators, plating, and nailing. Case Report: A 24-year-old female presented with bilateral floating knees. She was operated on for a left femoral fracture with retrograde nailing when she developed tachycardia and underwent external fixation of the remaining fractures. She later developed a fat embolism which was managed accordingly for the same. After adequate stabilization, her right femur and tibia fractures were fixed by intramedullary nailing through a single percutaneous approach along with nailing for the left tibial fracture. She has satisfactory clinical outcomes on follow-up. Conclusion: Bilateral floating knee injuries are extremely rare injuries and should be managed on an emergency basis. Intraoperative and post-operative complications should be anticipated and managed accordingly. Good functional outcomes can be obtained by intramedullary nailing. Keywords: Floating knee, retrograde femoral nailing, and fat embolism.
Portrait of a Lost Paradise: Diasporic Delusions in Linda Lê's Héroïnes
Authors: Barnes Leslie , Kearney Beth
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article examines Lê's deployment of photography, performance, and writing as media through which the Vietnamese overseas preserve, contest, and transmit the past in the present. Lê's novel as kaleidoscope reflects the multilayered heterogeneity of the diaspora through the lens of its second generation, who are ambivalent agents of cultural memory, unable or unwilling to grapple with these shifting fragments of the past. The image of Saigon, April 30, 1975 is fragile with their children. And just as the Saigon left behind exists no more, the image of this lost Saigon, Lê's novel suggests, will one day also be lost.
Organismal Superposition Problem and Nihilist Challenge in the Definition of Death
Authors: Nowak Piotr Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: According to the mainstream bioethical stance, death constitutes the termination of an organism. This essay argues that such an understanding of death is inappropriate in the usual context of determining death, since it also has a social bearing. There are two reasons to justify this argument. First, the mainstream bioethical definition generates an organismal superposition challenge, according to which a given patient in a single physiological state might be both alive and dead, like Schrödinger's cat. Therefore, there is no clear answer as to whether organ retrieval from a brain-dead patient is an act of killing or not. Second, when combined with the dead donor rule, the mainstream position in the definition of death might lead to ethically unacceptable verdicts, since there is a discrepancy between terminating an organism and depriving someone of moral status.
Diagnosis: What Is the Structure of Its Reasoning?
Authors: Stanley Donald E. , Hanna Robert
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: How does the diagnosis process work? This essay traces the philosophical underpinnings of diagnosis from Hume through Kant, Peirce, and Popper, analyzing how pathologists amalgamate sensibility, intuition, and imagination to form new hypotheses that can be tested by evidence and experience.
Bio-Psycho-Spiritual Perspectives on Psychedelics: Clinical and Ethical Implications
Authors: Neitzke-Spruill Logan , Devenot Nese , Sisti Dominic , Averill Lynnette A. , McGuire Amy L.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: Psychedelics have again become a subject of widespread interest, owing to the reinvigoration of research into their traditional uses, possible medical applications, and social implications. As evidence for psychedelics' clinical potential mounts, the field has increasingly focused on searching for mechanisms to explain the effects of psychedelics and therapeutic efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT). This paper reviews three general frameworks that encompass several prominent models for understanding psychedelics' effects—specifically, neurobiological, psychological, and spiritual frameworks. Following our review, the implications of each framework for ethics and professional competencies in the implementation of psychedelics as medicines are explored. We suggest that interdisciplinary education may be necessary to improve communication between researchers, develop models that effectively incorporate multiple levels of analysis, and facilitate collaboration between professionals with diverse backgrounds in the implementation of psychedelic medicines. We also address pitfalls associated with overemphasis on neuro-mechanisms, risks associated with instigating vulnerable states of consciousness, and hurdles associated with the integration of spiritual frameworks in medicine. Ultimately, as psychedelics push the boundaries of explanatory frameworks focused on one level of analysis, developing new and more useful models to reflect knowledge being produced in this field should be a central aim of psychedelic science going forward.
Ultrafast electro-optic time-frequency fractional Fourier imaging at the single-photon level
Authors: Lipka Michał , Parniak Michał
Published: February 2024

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FRT) corresponds to an arbitrary-angle rotation in the phase space, e.g., the time-frequency (TF) space, and generalizes the fundamentally important Fourier Transform. FRT applications range from classical signal processing (e.g., time-correlated noise optimal filtering) to emerging quantum technologies (e.g., super-resolution TF sensing) which rely on or benefit from coherent low-noise TF operations. Here a versatile low-noise single-photon-compatible implementation of the FRT is presented. Optical TF FRT can be synthesized as a series of a spectral disperser, a time-lens, and another spectral disperser. Relying on the state-of-the-art electro-optic modulators (EOM) for the time-lens, our method avoids added noise inherent to the alternatives based on non-linear optical interactions (such as wave-mixing, cross-phase modulation, or parametric processes). Precise control of the EOM-driving radio-frequency signal enables fast all-electronic control of the FRT angle. In the experiment, we demonstrate FRT angles of up to 1.63 rad for pairs of coherent temporally separated 11.5 ps-wide pulses in the near-infrared (800 nm). We observe a good agreement between the simulated and measured output spectra in the bright-light and single-photon-level regimes, and for a range of pulse separations (20 ps to 26.7 ps). Furthermore, a tradeoff is established between the maximal FRT angle and optical bandwidth, with the current setup accommodating up to 248 GHz of bandwidth. With the ongoing progress in EOM on-chip integration, we envisage excellent scalability and vast applications in all-optical TF processing both in the classical and quantum regimes.
Response of mineral particles in inland lakes to water optical properties and its influence on chlorophyll-a estimation
Authors: Liu Huaiqing , Wei Chenyang , Lyu Heng , Miao Song , Li Yunmei , Guo Honglei , Dong Xianzhang , Chen Fangfang , Zhu Yuxin
Published: February 2024

Many chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) remote sensing estimation algorithms have been developed for inland water, and they are proposed always based on some ideal assumptions, which are difficult to meet in complex inland waters. Based on MIE scattering theory, this study calculated the optical properties of mineral particles under different size distribution and refractive index conditions, and the Hydrolight software was employed to simulate remote sensing reflectance in the presence of different mineral particles. The findings indicated that the reflectance is significantly influenced by the slope (j) of particle size distribution function and the imaginary part (n’) of the refractive index, with the real part (n) having a comparatively minor impact. Through both a simulated dataset containing 18,000 entries and an in situ measured dataset encompassing 2183 data from hundreds of lakes worldwide, the sensitivities of band ratio (BR), fluorescence baseline height (FLH), and three-band algorithms (TBA) to mineral particles were explored. It can be found that BR showed the best tolerance to mineral particles, followed by TBA. However, when the ISM concentration is less than 30 g m-3, the influence of CDOM cannot be ignored. Additionally, a dataset of over 400 entries is necessary for developing the BR algorithm to mitigate the incidental errors arising from differences in data magnitude. And if the amount of developing datasets is less than 400 but greater than 200, the TBA algorithm is more likely to obtain more stable accuracy.
Pairwise Tomlinson-Harashima precoding for multiple-lane IM-DD transmissions
Authors: Xiang Meng , Qiu Yongfeng , Wei Can , Zhou Gai , Li Jilong , Zhang Cong , Li Jianping , Fu Songnian , Qin Yuwen
Published: February 2024

As for the photonic interconnection based on the multiple-lane intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) transmission, both intra-channel inter-symbol-interference (ISI) originating from bandwidth constraint, and inter-channel performance discrepancy emerging from inter-channel component differences are the major bottleneck for the throughput enhancement. Here, we propose a pairwise Tomlinson-Harshima precoding (P-THP) scheme, in order to simultaneously deal with both intra-channel ISI and inter-channel performance discrepancy. The effective function of the proposed P-THP scheme is experimentally evaluated by transmitting 4-channel 81-GBaud PAM4 signals over 2 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). Compared with the conventional scheme with only applying THP on individual wavelength channel, the required optical received power (ROP) under the back-to-back (B2B) transmission can be reduced by 0.75∼1 dB with the help of proposed P-THP in different experimental component configurations, at the 7% hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of BER = 3.8 × 10−3. After the 2 km SSMF transmission, only the use of proposed P-THP can guarantee to reach the designated HD-FEC threshold, leading to a net rate of >600 Gbit/s.
Development of a double-grating differential interferometer for plasma diagnostics
Authors: Roh Kyungmin , Lee Hyojeong , Jeon Seongjin , Kang Keekon , Hur Min Sup , Suk Hyyong
Published: February 2024

A special differential interferometer consisting of two gratings was developed for diagnostics of plasma density. Compared with other differential interferometers, our system has an important advantage that the shear distance, shear direction, and fringe width can be adjusted independently, enabling easy control of the parameters. This feature allows precise tuning of the two probe beams in the interferometer for rigorous differential phase diagnosis and more accurate information of the plasma density can be obtained. The double-grating-based differential interferometer was tested for diagnostics of the laser-produced plasma which was generated by focusing a 1 TW/35 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse in a gas jet with a 100 μm orifice diameter. It was confirmed that our differential interferometer can provide more reliable and accurate plasma density information, especially for plasmas with a high spatial gradient in density.
Single-pixel imaging through non-homogeneous turbid media with adaptive illumination
Authors: Ipus Erick , Lenz Armin J. M. , Lancis Jesús , Paniagua-Diaz Alba M. , Artal Pablo , Tajahuerce Enrique
Published: February 2024

The presence of scattering media limits the quality of images obtained by optical systems. Single-pixel imaging techniques based on structured illumination are highly tolerant to the presence of scattering between the object and the sensor, but very sensitive when the scattering medium is between the light source and the object. This makes it difficult to develop single-pixel imaging techniques for the case of objects immersed in scattering media. We present what we believe to be a new system for imaging objects through inhomogeneous scattering media in an epi-illumination configuration. It works in an adaptive way by combining diffuse optical imaging (DOI) and single pixel imaging (SPI) techniques in two stages. First, the turbid media is characterized by projecting light patterns with an LED array and applying DOI techniques. Second, the LED array is programmed to project light only through the less scattering areas of the media, while simultaneously using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to project light patterns onto the target using Hadamard basis coding functions. With this adaptive technique, we are able to obtain images of targets through two different scattering media with better quality than using conventional illumination. We also show that the system works with fluorescent targets.
Composite membrane of graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles functionalized S fiber taper aptasensor for highly sensitive bisphenol A detection
Authors: Guo Wanmei , Yu Yongsen , Xin Chao , Jin Guangyong
Published: February 2024

The S fiber taper (SFT) aptasensor with a composite sensitive membrane of graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles was proposed for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The SFT was obtained using a fusion splicer; subsequently, the composite film was deposited on its surface, and the specific aptamer was covalently bonded to the surface of gold nanoparticles. The detection mechanism relies on monitoring changes in the external refractive index induced by the specific binding of BPA to the aptamer. The developed SFT aptasensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of 15.5 nm/nM and a limit of detection as low as 0.01 nM for BPA. These findings highlight the aptasensor’s potential for diverse monitoring applications.
Miniaturized computational spectrometer based on two-photon absorption
Authors: Zhao Yaotian , Guo Xuhan , Xiang Jinlong , Zhao Zhenyu , Zhang Yujia , Xiao Xi , Liu Jia , Chen Daigao , Su Yikai
Published: February 2024

On-chip spectrometers hold significant promise in the development of
laboratory-on-a-chip applications. However, the spectrometers usually
require extra on-chip or off-chip photodetectors (PDs) to sense
optical signals, resulting in increased footprints and costs. In this
paper, we address this issue by proposing a fully on-chip spectrometer
based on two-photon absorption (TPA) in a simple micro-ring resonator
(MRR) configuration. While TPA is a commonly undesired phenomenon in
conventional silicon devices due to its attached absorption losses and
nonlinearity, we exploit it as a powerful and efficient tool for
encoding spectral information, instead of using additional PDs. The
input spectrum can be reconstructed from the sensed TPA current. Our
proposed spectrometer achieves a bandwidth of 10 nm with a
resolution of 0.4 nm while occupying a small footprint of only
16×16µm2, and the bandwidth
can be further improved through several cascaded MRRs. This
advancement could enable forward fully integrated and miniaturized
spectrometers with low cost, which holds far-reaching applications in
in situ biochemical analysis, remote
sensing, and intelligent healthcare.
AI-assisted Single-Image Full-Frame Camera Calibration for Space-Constrained Stereoscopic Systems
Authors: TATA PRASANT , MALLICK SATYA , MAKWANA SHUBHAM , Rajput Gaurav , Singh Ranjeet , Subramanya Adithya , Gopal Ram , Sharma Vandana
Published: February 2024

Camera calibration plays a fundamental role in the wake of the newly emerging image data-driven technologies, where pinpoint accuracy in data is vital to the successful functioning of these systems. Conventional camera calibration algorithms require manual object placement, a process that can be exceptionally time-consuming and labor-intensive, particularly in scenarios where space constraints or delicate equipment are involved.
We present an innovative calibration object and AI-aided pre-calibration routine with a specific emphasis on space-restricted environments. The proposed methodology obviates the need for manual multi-image acquisition. This is achieved by fabricating the novel calibration object, which contains 20 checkerboards in different positions and orientations. The precursor routine, assisted by an AI model, isolates and processes the individual checkerboards, which is then used as input for the camera calibration. We report an accuracy of 99.92% for ML-assisted checkerboard separation, with procedure time improved by nearly 64x and overall corrected reprojection error consistently below 0.5 pixels. Incorporating the proposed calibration routine into a 3D vascular imaging stereovision system, we demonstrate a depth resolution of 0.5mm.