bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetrized non-decomposable approximations of the non-additive kinetic energy functional
Authors: Polak Elias , Englert Tanguy , Gander Martin J. , Wesolowski Tomasz A.
Published: May 2023

In subsystem density functional theory (DFT), the bottom-up strategy to approximate the multivariable functional of the non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) makes it possible to impose exact properties on the corresponding NAKE potential (NAKEP). Such a construction might lead to a non-symmetric and non-homogeneous functional, which excludes the use of such approximations for the evaluation of the total energy. We propose a general formalism to construct a symmetric version based on a perturbation theory approach of the energy expression for the asymmetric part. This strategy is then applied to construct a symmetrized NAKE corresponding to the NAKEP developed recently [Polak et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 044103 (2022)], making it possible to evaluate consistently the energy. These functionals were used to evaluate the interaction energy in several model intermolecular complexes using the formal framework of subsystem DFT. The new symmetrized energy expression shows a superior qualitative performance over common decomposable models.
Spinodal decomposition-derived giant polarization in TiO2–SnO2 generated from a metastable phase
Authors: Teranishi Takashi , Matsui Hideki , Kondo Shinya , Kishimoto Akira
Published: May 2023

Spinodal decomposition (SD) was incorporated into Nb-doped metastable TiO2–SnO2 to achieve giant interfacial polarization. The dielectric characteristics were analyzed using an equivalent circuit involving electron migration, where the SD bulk is given by the universal dielectric response relation. Both the Nb–TiO2 and the Nb–SnO2 layers showed semiconductive behaviors. With increasing SD treatment temperature, the SD volume fraction increased, as did cation interdiffusion at the SD interface, resulting in a large dielectric loss. The optimal SD temperature was determined as 1100 °C, where the Maxwell–Wagner capacitance showed a very high value of 44.6 μF corresponding to the permittivity at the lowest frequency exceeding 106. Such colossal polarization was considered due to an accumulation of trapped electrons at the Schottky barrier at SD layers with different conductivities.
Eulerian–Lagrangian modeling of phase transition for application to cavitation-driven chemical processes
Authors: Duronio Francesco , Di Mascio Andrea , De Vita Angelo , Innocenzi Valentina , Prisciandaro Marina
Published: May 2023

Hydrodynamic cavitation is a promising technology for several applications, like disinfection, sludge treatment, biodiesel production, degradation of organic emerging pollutants as pharmaceutical, and dye degradation. Due to local saturation conditions, cavitating liquid exhibits generation, growth, and subsequent collapse of vapor-filled cavities. The cavities' collapse brings very high pressure and temperature; this last aspect is essential in some chemical processes because it induces the decomposition of water molecules into species with a high oxidation potential, which can react with organic substances. Properly exploiting this process requires a highly accurate prediction of pressure peak values. To this purpose, we implemented a multi-phase Eulerian–Lagrangian code to solve the fluid-dynamic problem, coupled with the Rayleigh–Plesset equation, to capture the evolution of bubbles with the required accuracy. The algorithm was validated against experimental data acquired with optical techniques for different cavitation-shedding mechanisms. Then, we used the developed tool to investigate the decoloration of organic substances from a cavitation Venturi tube operating at different pressure. We compared the obtained results with the experimental observation to assess the reliability of the developed code as a predictive tool for cavitation and the possibility of using the code itself to assess scale-up criteria for possible industrial applications.
Spectroscopic characterization of [H, Cl, S, O] molecular system: Potential candidate for detection in Venus atmosphere
Authors: Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: May 2023

Accurate spectroscopic parameters have been obtained for the identification of the [H, Cl, S, O] molecular system in the Venus atmosphere using computational methods. These calculations employed both standard and explicitly correlated coupled cluster techniques. All isomers possess C1 symmetry, with HOSCl being the most stable isomer. Only HOSCl and trigonal-HSOCl isomers are thermodynamically stable relative to the first dissociation limit HCl + SO. Fundamental modes of the lowest three isomers exhibit many anharmonic resonances, resulting in complex spectra. All isomers are found to be stable in the visible region as the calculation of vertical energy transition indicates. No electronic states were found to strongly absorb in the near UV–vis region.
Characterization of liquid flow and electricity generation in a glass channel based evaporation-driven electrokinetic energy conversion device
Authors: Yanagisawa Naoki , Dominguez Victor , Mahmud Sakur , Dutta Debashis
Published: May 2023

Evaporation-driven spontaneous capillary flow presents a promising approach for driving electrolytes through electrically charged channels and pores in electrokinetic energy conversion devices. However, there are no literature reports of detailed flow visualization in these systems and/or experimental observations relating the liquid velocity and evaporation rate to the generated voltage and current. In this manuscript, we describe such a visualization study for a glass channel based electrokinetic energy conversion device with one of its channel terminals left open to ambient air for facilitating the evaporation process. Fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the liquid velocity in the electrokinetic energy conversion channel by observing the advancement of an electrolyte solution dyed with a neutral tracer. The accumulation of the same dye tracer was also imaged at the open terminal of this glass conduit to estimate the rate of solvent evaporation, which was found to be consistent with the flow velocity measurements. Additionally, an electrochemical analyzer was employed to record the electrical voltage and current produced by the device under different operating conditions. The highest electrical power output was derived in our experiments upon flowing de-ionized water through a 1 μm deep channel, which also produced the fastest liquid velocity in it. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of our device was observed to increase for shallower channels and lower ionic strength electrolytes, consistent with previous literature reports on electrokinetic energy conversion platforms.
Low-leakage epitaxial graphene field-effect transistors on cubic silicon carbide on silicon
Authors: Pradeepkumar A. , Cheng H. H. , Liu K. Y. , Gebert M. , Bhattacharyya S. , Fuhrer M. S. , Iacopi F.
Published: May 2023

Epitaxial graphene (EG) on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) on silicon holds the promise of tunable nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices, some uniquely unlocked by the graphene/cubic silicon carbide combination, directly integrated with the current well-established silicon technologies. Yet, the development of graphene field-effect devices based on the 3C-SiC/Si substrate system has been historically hindered by poor graphene quality and coverage, as well as substantial leakage issues of the heteroepitaxial system. We address these issues by growing EG on 3C-SiC on highly resistive silicon substrates using an alloy-mediated approach. In this work, we demonstrate a field-effect transistor based on EG/3C-SiC/Si with gate leakage current 6 orders of magnitude lower than the drain current at room temperature, which is a vast improvement on the current literature, opening the possibility for dynamically tunable nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices on silicon at the wafer level.
Ligand and solvent effects on the absorption spectra of CdS magic-sized clusters
Authors: Chen Zifei , Manian Anjay , Dong Yihan , Russo Salvy P. , Mulvaney Paul
Published: May 2023

The absorption spectra of congenetic wurtzite (WZ) and zincblende (ZB) CdS magic-sized clusters are investigated. We demonstrate that the exciton peak positions can be tuned by up to 500 meV by varying the strong coupling between X-type ligands and the semiconductor cores, while the addition of L-type ligands primarily affects cluster midgap states. When Z-type ligands are displaced by L-type ligands, red shifts in the absorption spectra are observed, despite the fact there is a small decrease in cluster size. Density functional theory calculations are used to explain these findings and they reveal the importance of Cd and S dangling bonds on the midgap states during the Z- to L-type ligand exchange process. Overall, ZB CdS clusters show higher chemical stability than WZ clusters but their optical properties exhibit greater sensitivity to the solvent. Conversely, WZ CdS clusters are not stable in a Lewis base-rich environment, resulting in various changes in their spectra. Our findings enable researchers to select capping ligands that modulate the optical properties of semiconductor clusters while maintaining precise control over their solvent interactions.
Nonlinear Thomson scattering in an arbitrary polarized laser field with a background magnetic field
Authors: Xiao Hong , Zhang Cui-Wen , Sang Hai-Bo , Xie B. S.
Published: May 2023

The nonlinear Thomson scattering of an electron motion in a combining field constituted by an elliptically polarized laser and a background magnetic field is investigated. The dependence of electron trajectories, fundamental frequency, maximum radiation power in the spatial distribution, and the corresponding spatial angle on ellipticity are obtained. In addition, we find that the angular distributions of scattering spectra with respect to the azimuthal angle exhibit symmetry regardless of the order of harmonics, laser intensity, magnetic resonance parameter, and initial axial momentum. Meanwhile, the polar angle distribution of the spectra increasingly approaches the laser propagation direction with the laser intensity, magnetic resonance parameter, and initial axial momentum. The maximum radiated power increases, and the corresponding polar angle decreases. The optimal angle for the maximum radiated power per unit of solid, the corresponding photon number, and the photon brightness can be obtained, which implies that high-quality extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and/or x rays can be generated by the studied scheme when suitable parameters are chosen.
Nuclear magnetic resonance signal decay in the presence of a background gradient: Normal and anomalous diffusion
Authors: Costantini G. , Capuani S. , Farrelly F. A. , Taloni A.
Published: May 2023

A novel way for calculating the diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) attenuation signal expression in the presence of a background gradient is developed. This method is easily applicable to NMR-attenuated signals arising from any pulse field gradient sequence experiments. Here, we provide detailed calculations for the classical pulsed gradient stimulated echo and the pulsed gradient spin echo, as the particular cases. Within this general theoretical framework, devised for Gaussian processes with stationary increments, we recover and extend the previous Stejskal–Tanner results in the case of normal diffusion and we furnish a new expression in the case of anomalous diffusion.
A divide-and-conquer machine learning approach for modeling turbulent flows
Authors: Man Anthony , Jadidi Mohammad , Keshmiri Amir , Yin Hujun , Mahmoudi Yasser
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a novel zonal machine learning (ML) approach for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling based on the divide-and-conquer technique is introduced. This approach involves partitioning the flow domain into regions of flow physics called zones, training one ML model in each zone, then validating and testing them on their respective zones. The approach was demonstrated with the tensor basis neural network (TBNN) and another neural net called the turbulent kinetic energy neural network (TKENN). These were used to predict Reynolds stress anisotropy and turbulent kinetic energy, respectively, in test cases of flow over a solid block, which contain regions of different flow physics including separated flows. The results show that the combined predictions given by the zonal TBNNs and TKENNs were significantly more accurate than their corresponding standard non-zonal models. Most notably, shear anisotropy component in the test cases was predicted at least 20% and 55% more accurately on average by the zonal TBNNs compared to the non-zonal TBNN and RANS, respectively. The Reynolds stress constructed with the zonal predictions was also found to be at least 23% more accurate than those obtained with the non-zonal approach and 30% more accurate than the Reynolds stress predicted by RANS on average. These improvements were attributed to the shape of the zones enabling the zonal models to become highly locally optimized at predicting the output.
Asymptotically consistent analytical solutions for the non-Newtonian Sakiadis boundary layer
Authors: Naghshineh Nastaran , Barlow Nathaniel S. , Samaha Mohamed A. , Weinstein Steven J.
Published: May 2023

The Sakiadis boundary layer induced by a moving wall in a semi-infinite fluid domain is a fundamental laminar flow field relevant to high speed coating processes. This work provides an analytical solution to the boundary-layer problem for Ostwald–de Waele power law fluids via a power series expansion and extends the approach taken for Newtonian fluids [Naghshineh et al. “On the use of asymptotically motivated gauge functions to obtain convergent series solutions to nonlinear ODEs,” IMA J. of Appl. Math. 88, 43 (2023)] in which variable substitutions (which naturally determine the gauge function in the power series) are chosen to be consistent with the large distance behavior away from the wall. Contrary to prior literature, the asymptotic behavior dictates that a solution only exists in the range of power law exponents, α, lying in the range of 0.5<α≤1. An analytical solution is obtained in the range of approximately 0.74≤α<1, using a convergent power series with an asymptotically motivated gauge function. For power laws corresponding to 0.5<α<0.74, the gauge function becomes ill-defined over the full domain, and an approximate analytical solution is obtained using the method of asymptotic approximants [Barlow et al. “On the summation of divergent, truncated, and underspecified power series via asymptotic approximants,” Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 70, 21–48 (2017)]. The approximant requires knowledge of two physical constants, which we compute a priori using a numerical shooting method on a finite domain. The utility of the power series solution is that it can be solved on the entire semi-infinite domain and—in contrast to a numerical solution—does not require a finite domain length approximation and subsequent domain length refinement.
Breaking bad
Authors: Bhattacharya Mohini , Horswill Alexander R.
Published: May 2023

DNASE1 (D1) and DNASE1L3 (D1L3) synergistically reduce the severity of systemic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this issue of JEM, Lacey et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20221086) develop D1−/−, D1L3−/−, and D1−/−D1L3−/− mice to show that exogenous addition of the DNase formulation Dornase alfa can facilitate removal of biofilms.
Investigation of oxygen-vacancy complexes in diamond by means of ab initio calculations
Authors: Ghafari Cherati Nima , Thiering Gergő , Gali Ádám
Published: May 2023

Point defects in diamond may act as quantum bits. Recently, oxygen-vacancy related defects have been proposed to the origin of the so-called ST1 color center in diamond that can realize a long-living solid-state quantum memory. Motivated by this proposal we systematically investigate oxygen-vacancy complexes in diamond by means of first principles density functional theory calculations. We find that all the considered oxygen-vacancy defects have a high-spin ground state in their neutral charge state, which disregards them as an origin for the ST1 color center. We identify a high-spin metastable oxygen-vacancy complex and characterize their magneto-optical properties for identification in future experiments.
Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy of silver nanoparticles grown by solid state dewetting
Authors: Gangwar Manvendra Singh , Agarwal Pratima
Published: May 2023

The growth of the metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the solid substrate with the desired shape and size is a critical issue for application of these NPs in solid-state devices. Solid state dewetting (SSD) technique is simple, low cost and can be used to fabricate the metallic NPs with control on the shape and size on different substrates. In this work, silver NPs (Ag NPs) were grown on corning glass substrate by SSD of silver precursor thin film deposited at different substrate temperatures by RF sputtering. The influence of the substrate temperature on the growth of Ag NPs and their several properties like localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy is studied. The size of the NPs was found to vary from 25 nm to 70 nm with the variation in substrate temperature from room temperature (RT) to

400
∘

C

. For the RT films, the LSPR peak position of Ag NPs is around 474 nm. A red shift in LSPR peak for films deposited at higher temperature is observed due to change in the particle size and interparticle separation. Photoluminescence spectra suggests the presence of two photoluminescence bands at 436 and 474 nm corresponding to Ag NPs radiative interband transition and LSPR band. An intense Raman peak was observed at 1587 cm−1. Enhancement in PL peak intensity and Raman peak intensity is found to be in accordance with the LSPR of Ag NPs.
Laser-induced in situ synthesis of nano-composite Co–Co3O4–rGO on paper: miniaturized biosensor for alkaline phosphatase detection
Authors: Nishchitha N K , Kumar Pavar Sai , Goel Sanket
Published: May 2023

Recent progress in the in situ synthesise of various nanomaterials has gained tremendous interest and wide applications in various fields. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, this work reports a methodology of ultra-fast in situ synthesis of cobalt–cobalt oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Co−Co3O4−rGO (CC–rGO)) composite by laser ablation. The photothermal reduction technique was leveraged to develop the CC–rGO. For this, a low-cost 450 nm blue diode laser was irradiated onto a grade 1 filter paper in the presence of cobalt ions readily patterns the carbon matrix of paper to the composite material. Moreover, the variation of cobalt concentrations from 0.1–0.5 M led to structural and morphological changes. Standard techniques were adopted for thorough characterizations of developed sensor material for conductivity analysis, specific surface area, crystal-structural information, surface morphology, and chemical composition. The observed results were highly promoting towards the electrochemical sensing applications. Further, the developed sensor was found to be highly selective toward detecting a vital bio analyte alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The sensors performance was highly significant in the linear range of 10–800 mU l−1 with a detection limit of 10.13 mU l−1. The sensors applicability was further validated in actual human serum samples via a recovery-based approach. In the future, the developed in situ material methodology can begin a rapid composite material synthesis at a larger scale.
Double-shelling AgInS2 nanocrystals with GaS
x
/ZnS to make them emit bright and stable excitonic luminescence
Authors: Loan Nguyen Thu , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Luong Minh Anh , Van Long Le , Han HyukSu , Ung Thi Dieu Thuy , Liem Nguyen Quang
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the successful synthesis of AgInS2 nanocrystals (NCs) double-shelled with GaS
x
and ZnS for emitting bright and narrow excitonic luminescence from AgInS2 core NCs. Additionally, the AgInS2/GaS
x
/ZnS NCs with a core/double-shell structure have demonstrated high chemical and photochemical stability. The AgInS2/GaS
x
/ZnS NCs were prepared via three steps: (i) synthesis of AgInS2 core NCs by solvothermal method at 200 °C for 30 min, (ii) shelling GaS
x
on AgInS2 core NCs at 280 °C for 60 min to produce the AgInS2/GaS
x
core/shell structure, and (iii) the outermost ZnS shelling at 140 °C for 10 min. The synthesized NCs were characterized in detail by using appropriate techniques such as x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopies. The luminescence evolution of the synthesized NCs is as follows: from the broad spectrum (peaking at 756 nm) of the AgInS2 core NCs to become the narrow excitonic emission (at 575 nm) prominent beside the broad one after shelling with GaS
x
, then only the bright excitonic luminescence (at 575 nm) without broad emission after double-shelling with GaS
x
/ZnS. The double-shell has made the AgInS2/GaS
x
/ZnS NCs not only remarkably enhance their luminescence quantum yield (QY) up to ∼60% but also maintain the narrow excitonic emission stably for a long-term storage over 12 months. The outermost ZnS shell is believed to play a key role in enhancing QY and protecting AgInS2 and AgInS2/GaS
x
from certain damage.
Optimal humidity-responsive actuators of heterostructured MXene nanosheets/3D-MXene membrane
Authors: Hou Tianjie , Wang Shufen , Li Jianmin , Wang Yu , Zhang Yang , Cao Lei , Xiong Shixian , Fan Lanlan , Gu Feng
Published: May 2023

Intelligent actuators offer a lot of potential for use in soft robots, artificial muscles, sensors since it can alter shape in response to external stimuli. However, the stiffness of the material and the constrained specific surface area brought on by the dense stacking of materials restrict the response of the conventional humidity-responsive actuators. Herein, optimal humidity-responsive actuators of MXene were developed by designing topologies of heterostructured membrane of stacked nanosheets and 3D wrinkled MXene (3D-MXene). In this configuration, the stacked MXene nanosheets sustain the device’s overall strength, while the 3D-MXene layer significantly improves the device’s moisture absorption and decreases its stiffness. Importantly, the actuators have been strengthened due to the van der Waals forces at the interface of the stacked nanosheets and 3D-MXene. The fabricated MXene/3D-MXene actuator has exhibited remarkable response speed and deformation ability, obviously superior to any previously reported humidity-responsive actuators. By combining excellent electrical conductivity, the developed actuators demonstrated rapid response for electrical switches. This work highlights the significant potential for developing high performance responsive actuators by designing heterostructured configurations for applications in intelligent switches, soft robotics and synthetic muscles.
On multi-hump solutions of reverse space-time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hanif Y , Saleem U
Published: May 2023

In this article multi-soliton solutions of reverse space-time nonlocal nonlinear Schr ödinger (NLS) equation have been constructed. Darboux transformation is applied to the associated linear eigenvalue problem for the generalized NLS equation and we obtain a determinant formula for multi-soliton solutions. Under suitable reduction conditions and appropriate choice of spectral parameters, the generalized expression of first-order nontrivial solution gives some novel solutions such as double-hump and flat-top soliton solutions for reverse space-time nonlocal NLS equation. The dynamics and interaction of double-hump soliton solutions are studied in detail and it is indicated that these solutions undergo collisions without any energy redistribution. For higher-order double-hump solutions, the relative velocities of solitons play a crucial role to have humps and also induce nonlinear interference in the collision zone. The dynamics of individual decaying and growing unstable and stable double-humps as well as their interactions are explained and illustrated.
Langevin simulation of dark matter kinetic equilibration
Authors: Kim Seyong , Laine M.
Published: May 2023

Recently it has been questioned, notably in the context of the scalar singlet dark matter model withmφ≃ 60 GeV, how efficiently kinetic equilibrium is maintained if freeze-out dynamics is pushed down to low temperatures by resonant effects. We outline how Langevin simulations can be employed for addressing the non-equilibrium momentum distribution of non-relativistic particles in a cosmological background. For a scalar singlet massmφ≃ 60 GeV, these simulations suggest that kinetic equilibrium is a good approximation down toT∼ 1 GeV, with the deviation first manifesting itself as a red-tilted spectrum. This reduces the annihilation cross section, confirming findings from other methods that a somewhat larger (< 20%) coupling than in equilibrium is needed for obtaining the correct abundance.
A Compact Full-disk Solar Magnetograph Based on Miniaturization of the GONG Instrument*
Authors: Gosain Sanjay , Harvey John , Martinez Pillet Valentin , Hill Frank , Woods Thomas N.
Published: May 2023

The design of compact instruments is crucial for the scientific exploration by smaller spacecraft such as CubeSats and deep space missions, as these missions require minimal instrument mass. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the miniaturization of the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) instrument. GONG instruments routinely produce full-disk maps of the Sun’s photosphere using the Ni i 676 nm absorption line, measuring Doppler shifts and magnetic fields. To miniaturize the GONG optical design, we propose replacing the bulky Lyot filter with a narrow-band interference filter. We validate this concept through numerical modeling and proof-of-concept observations. Finally, we propose a simple optical design for building a compact version of GONG.
Quantification of linear and nonlinear elasticity by compression optical coherence elastography for determining lymph node status in breast cancer
Authors: Gubarkova Ekaterina V , Vorontsov Dmitry A , Sovetsky Alexander A , Bederina Evgeniya L , Sirotkina Marina A , Yu Bogomolova Alexandra , Gamayunov Sergey V , Yu Vorontsov Alexey , Krivorotko Petr V , Zaitsev Vladimir Y , Gladkova Natalia D
Published: May 2023

We report the first application of compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) to evaluate both linear and nonlinear elastic properties of lymph nodes (LNs) for assessing their status, which is an important factor for detecting metastasis and staging breast cancer. The reported study involved 27 excised sentinel and axillary LNs from 24 patients with breast cancer, including normal LNs (n = 6), reactive LNs with follicular hyperplasia (n = 7) and sinus histiocytosis (n = 8), and metastatic LNs (n = 6). C-OCE data were compared with co-registered gold-standard histopathology and demonstrated a significantly higher contrast in differentiation of LNs as compared to structural optical coherence tomography imaging. Normal LNs are characterized by low stiffness values in the areas of LN cortex (<200 kPa). C-OCE revealed that abnormal reactive LNs with follicular hyperplasia exhibit moderately increased stiffness (200–300 kPa) in the cortex areas and more pronounced stiffness increase (400–600 kPa) in the areas of sinus histiocytosis. LNs with total metastasis exhibit fairly uniformly distributed highest stiffness values (>600 kPa). Since in terms of the tangent Young’s modulus there remained an appreciable overlap among these types of LNs, we also evaluated their elastic nonlinearity parameters. Complementary usage of both linear and nonlinear elastic parameters enabled very clear differentiation of all four main states of LNs. Thus, C-OCE imaging demonstrates high potential for future intraoperative usage to rapidly determine the LN status during breast-conserving surgery and to assess the extent of the cancer cells propagation in regional lymphatic collectors for preserving benign LNs. This is important for reducing the associated risks and complications (such as lymphedema) from excessive surgical removal of lymphoid structures.
Design, fabrication and large scale qualification of cosmic muon veto scintillator detectors
Authors: Saraf Mandar , Chinnappan Pandi Raj , Deodhar Aditya , Jangra Mamta , Krishnamoorthi J. , Majumder Gobinda , Padmavathy Veera , Ravindran K.C. , Shah Raj , Shinde Ravindra , Satyanarayana B.
Published: May 2023

The INO collaboration is designing a cosmic muon veto detector (CMVD) to cover the mini-ICAL detector which is operational at the IICHEP transit campus, Madurai in South India. The aim of the CMVD is to study the feasibility of building an experiment to record rare events at a shallow depth of around 100 m, and use plastic scintillators to veto atmospheric muons from those produced by the rare interactions within the target mass of the detector. The efficiency of such a veto detector should be better than 99.99% and false positive rate should be less than 10-5.

The CMVD is being built using extruded plastic scintillator (EPS) strips to detect and tag atmospheric muons. More than 700 EPS strips are required to build the CMVD. Two EPS strips are pasted together to make a di-counter (DC) and wavelength shifting fibres are embedded inside the EPS strips to trap the scintillation light generated by a passing cosmic ray muon and transmit it as secondary photons to the Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) mounted at the two ends of the DCs. Since the efficiency requirement of the veto detector is rather high, it is imperative to thoroughly test each and every component used for building the CMVD. A cosmic ray muon telescope has been setup using the DCs to qualify all the DCs that will be fabricated. In this paper we will discuss the details of the design and fabrication of the DCs, the cosmic muon setup and the electronics used for their testing and the test results.
Modification of exploration of long‐term nutrient trajectories for nitrogen (ELEMeNT-N) model to quantify legacy nitrogen dynamics in a typical watershed of eastern China
Authors: Zhou Jia , Wei Yinghuai , Wu Kaibin , Wu Hao , Jiao Xinyi , Hu Mingpeng , Chen Dingjiang
Published: May 2023

Legacy nitrogen (N) is recognized as a primary cause for the apparent failure of watershed N management strategies to achieve desired water quality goals. The ELEMeNT-N (exploration of long‐term nutrient trajectories for nitrogen) model, a parsimonious and process-based model, has the potential to effectively distinguish biogeochemical and hydrological legacy effects. However, ELEMeNT-N is limited in its ability to address long-term legacy N dynamics as it ignores temporal changes in soil organic N (SON) mineralization rates. This work represents the first use and modification of ELEMeNT-N to quantify legacy effects and capture spatial heterogeneity of legacy N accumulation in China. An exponential function based on mean annual temperature was employed to estimate yearly changes in SON mineralization rate. Based on a 31 year water quality record (1980–2010), the modified model achieved higher efficiency metrics for riverine N flux in the Yongan watershed in eastern China than the original model (Nash–Sutcliff coefficient: 0.87 vs. 0.72 and R
2: 0.80 vs. 0.71). The modified ELEMeNT-N results suggested that the riverine N flux mainly originated from the legacy N pool (88.2%). The mean overall N lag time was 11.9 years (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 8.3–21.3), of which biogeochemical lag time was 9.7 years (6.3–18.4) and hydrological lag time was 2.2 years (2.0–3.0). Legacy N accumulation showed considerable spatial heterogeneity, with 219–239 kg N ha−1 accumulated in soil and 143–188 kg N ha−1 accumulated in groundwater. The ELEMeNT-N model was an effective tool for addressing legacy N dynamics, and the modified form proposed here enhanced its ability to capture SON mineralization dynamics, thereby providing managers with critical information to optimize watershed N pollution control strategies.
Developing an Inference Engine for Estimating State of Charge of the Lead Acid Battery
Authors: Asrol Muhammad , Djuana Endang , Harito Christian , Budiman Arief S , Gunawan Fergyanto E
Published: May 2023

Lead acid battery efficiency is affected by huge uncertainty features. An inference engine is required to monitor the uncertainty of the battery state of charge. The objective of the research is to design an inference system to predict the lead acid battery state of charge. A Relief algorithm and Pearson correlation were applied to pre-process the real-world dataset. A fuzzy inference system was adopted to design the inference engine of the state of charge. This research found four main features which had significant impact to lead acid state of charge, including: export power, temperature, volt per cell and ampere. These features had different directions of correlation and furtherly set as inference system’s output. This research had successfully developed an inference engine for lead acid state of charge with Mamdani fuzzy type and centroid defuzzification. In the future, it needs expert validation of the developed rules in the inference system.
Dynamic analysis of continuous box girder bridge
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Suryatama Febrian
Published: May 2023

Bridge is an adjunct structure as a connection between two edge of road that has been separated under several geographical features. The object of research is the continuous box girder bridge. Light Rail Transit loading is implemented on the continuous box girder bridge with 1 and 2 trainsets of LRT as a study case. The structure’s geometry, support, material, and LRT loading are modelled with finite element analysis software. The natural frequencies of continuous box girder bridge in existing condition is greater than the natural frequencies of continuous box girder bridge with 1 and 2 trainset LRT. Furthermore, the natural frequencies of continuous box girder from resulted finite element analysis is 2.567% lower than the dynamics testing.
Comparative analysis of CPM, PDM and PERT method on the duration of bridge work (Case study : Gelam Bridge Project)
Authors: Asyrofi H R , Arumsari P
Published: May 2023

The preparation of the duration is a very important thing considering that there are many project work activities and must also be arranged in such a way that sequentially starting with the work activity starting until the completion of the bridge project work activity. The use of the three methods in the preparation of project activity activities is the critical path method (CPM), precedence diagram method (PDM), and project evaluation review technique (PERT). The results of the study showed that in preparing the duration of bridge work using these three methods obtained in the CPM method, results were obtained on the duration of the Gelam Bridge project work for 178 days, then using the PDM method, results were obtained on the duration of the Gelam Bridge project work for 141 days, and while the PERT method took a duration of 184.1 days, where the duration was quite long compared to the two methods above, due to the aspects of probability. The calculation of the duration will always be different because it depends on the volume of the work to be done to the coefficients in the work with the method used.
An analysis for safety and environmentally friendly pedestrian characteristic and crossing facilities selection, (case study: Jalan Alternatif Cibubur)
Authors: Santoso Azka Azeilya Rahma , Prahara Eduardi , Darmantoro Tory
Published: May 2023

Pedestrians can cross the road safely if suitable facilities are provided for traffic conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pedestrians at zebra crossing facilities and choose alternative crossing facilities to confirm the safety and environmentally friendly of pedestrian and crossing facilities. Based on the analysis, men crossed faster than women, men’s speed was 1.28 m/sec and women’s speed was 1.20 m/sec. The individual crossing speed is faster than the platoon, the individual speed is 1.23 m/s and the platoon speed is 1.18 m/s. From the survey results, the pelican cross crossing is more recommended for these conditions, the travel time for pedestrians with a zebra cross is 17 seconds and after simulating the travel time with a pelican crossing 10 seconds. This scenario can reduce the travel time for pedestrians to reach their destination by 7 seconds, therefore the Pelican crossing facility can be used as an alternative facility.
Evaluation of Trends for Iron and Manganese Concentrations in Shallow Groundwater, Jakarta City
Authors: Parrangan Adelia Maria Julieta , Wijayanti Yureana , Soekotjo Ernie , Sasongko Nugroho Adi
Published: May 2023

Groundwater is one of the sources of clean water in DKI Jakarta. However, it was found that there is a decrease in groundwater quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate trends for iron and manganese concentration in shallow groundwater in Jakarta City from 2017-2020. Based on groundwater quality testing data, analysis and evaluation of groundwater causation were carried out by a spatial map of the distribution of DKI Jakarta groundwater quality. The results of the analysis show that some groundwater quality parameters experience fluctuations in the concentration of contaminants. Spatial maps produced through geographic information systems represent the distribution of patterns of groundwater quality distribution that occurred in the period 2017-2020 and 2022 using interpolation techniques. The amounts of manganese and iron in the groundwater of Jakarta are slightly higher than the permissible limits of national standards guidelines.
The Usage of Organic Waste in Porous Asphalt
Authors: Marelo Ardito Rafi , Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma
Published: May 2023

Porous asphalt is a mixture of asphalt with a low proportion of fine aggregate to obtain high air void content, which would create a water drainage path inside the pavement to be channelled into the drainage system. Usually, the materials used as filler are relatively expensive, such as Portland cement and lime, and hence, it is necessary to look for other cheaper alternative materials, such as organic waste. This study aims to determine the effect of using organic waste as a filler in porous asphalt mixtures on the Marshall and Permeability tests results. The organic wastes chosen were used coffee grounds (7%, 8%, 9%), tofu dregs (7%, 8%, 9%), sawdust (7%, 8%, 9%), and coconut fibre (4%, 5%, 6%). The porous asphalt in this study was prepared based on the Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) standard. The results showed that the best outcome came from using 7% of sawdust on the porous asphalt mixture.
The analysis of cofferdam construction based on risk assessment using HIRARC and FMEA methods
Authors: Saraswati Nala Nabila , Juliastuti  , Haripriambodo Tjatur , Kesuma Lalu Marhayani
Published: May 2023

Cofferdam work on dam construction has the potential for hazard risks in terms of occupational health and safety (OHS) such as extreme conditions such as weather and natural disasters. This study aims to identify and analyse these hazards using the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods. The results showed that there were 16 potential hazard risks including 12 hazards identified as moderate risks and 4 hazards identified as low risks. The percentage of dominant risk from Risk Priority Number (RPN) value shows that the highest percentage is 9.69% for the risk of cofferdam collapse due to extreme rain/flood. The control technique is used based on the hierarchy of control such as elimination, substitution, engineering control, personal protective equipment (PPE).
Complex dam break simulation using the 2-D depth-averaged SPH flow model: a validation for tsunami application
Authors: Aslami Muhammad Hafiz , Rogers Benedict D. , Stansby Peter K. , Bottacin-Busolin Andrea
Published: May 2023

Dam break flow has a similar characteristic to the tsunami surge after the breaking wave. Therefore, it is often used in laboratory-scale experiments to study tsunamis and can be used as a benchmark for validating a numerical model. This paper presents a simulation of a complex dam break flow to validate the two-dimensional (2-D) depth-averaged Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) flow model which involves a non-submersible obstacle in the domain. The method can also be referred to as shallow-water equations SPH (SWE-SPH). With SPH, the wetting and drying interfaces are automatically solved without any additional trick or handling. Therefore, a dry bed dam break is specifically tested here. The numerical results are validated using experimental data from the literature. The model shows the ability to reproduce the flow fields, shocks, vortices and flow region transitions with reasonable accuracy compared to the experimental data, despite the vertical averaging process in the formulation. This model can be a robust tool for predicting the hazards caused by extreme floodings, such as dam breaks, flash floods and tsunamis in development planning.
Study of the Interaction between Fluid Flow and Solid Particle with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Suntarto Rut Puspaningtyas , Sjah Jessica , Rika R.R Dwinanti , Bahsan Erly
Published: May 2023

This study shows the interaction between the solid particles with water flow occurring caused by the piping erosion phenomenon. This modelling study was executed by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) as a numerical approach with the DualSPHysics platform. The water flow is assumed as laminar flow with a low Reynolds number of 100 and 200. The solid particle is modelled as a circular-shaped particle with a fixed position. The result evaluated in this research is the coefficient of hydrodynamics force on the solid particle. In the case of interaction between one circular-shaped solid particle against the water flow, it is found that by increasing the size of volume control, the output will have higher accuracy. The accuracy of this model is also improved by elongating the maximum time simulation to ensure that the SPH particle has spread evenly throughout the volume control. In the case of interaction between two solid particles against water flow at different distances, it is found that increasing the distance between the two particles reduce the force, drag coefficient, and lift coefficient of each particle. Furthermore, the increase of distance between the two particles makes vortices form in a single dominant frequency and it affects the strouhal number.
Utilization of Used Bus for Children’s Reading and Learning Facility in Kemayoran Area
Authors: Dewanti Nabilla Retnananing , Indahyani Titi , Natasya Gwendy , Aurelius Alexia
Published: May 2023

Utilization of used bus by redesigning its interior which takes the concept of curved, non-sharped, and non-angled from ladybug anatomy. Looking at the problems of dropouts in the Kemayoran area, used bus can serve as a means and learning facility for them. The bus is located in the Kemayoran Forest area with consideration of easy-to-reach distance, safety, and user comfort. The method used is a qualitative research method with data collection and analysis of case studies described narratively. The results of the design can help underprivileged children continue to be able to open insights and get training for certain skills to improve their standard of living of them and their families in the future.
Application Time Management of Concrete Precast Wall Work on High-rise Campus Building
Authors: Dewanto Rivanus
Published: May 2023

In the implementation of building construction, especially in the context of functionality of campus buildings, punctuality is an important thing that must be strictly followed because it concerns the start of lecture schedules that cannot be delayed. Therefore, it is necessary to have precise time management of building construction during all the implementation. It’s cannot be separated in building construction between the innovation of work methods and improvisation of quality control which are two processes that need to be implementation in an effort to achieve efficiency and. One of the innovations in building construction, is installation of a concrete precast wall as a cover for the facade of the Binus campus building. Concrete precast wall is made of a good material, as an effort to reduce solar heat entering the room. Furthermore, all existing constraints must be mapped properly as support implementation concrete precast wall. One of antecedents of implementation concrete precast wall in building construction is time management of machine construction tools when use tower crane. Researcher knows the issues of building construction are limitations time using tower crane efficiently, working tools, weather conditions, time of material application, labelling system, quality control mechanism and installation system. In other side, those strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, that can be used as an approach and analysis, start from resource mapping, work requirements, material quality control and coordination systems between sub-supporters. The success of this work depends on the application and coordination calculation time, inspection and quality procedure is main of a consistent methodology from manufacturing in the workshop to installation in the field. In addition, efficiency and effectiveness can provide good quality, saving time and costs.
Design of Workstation for Remote Workers with Work Environment Consideration
Authors: Mariana Y , Wijaya Feshia , Tubagus Ahmad Dwinandana P
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 has caused various phenomena in some fields of work, especially the phenomenon of remote working. The phenomenon of remote working is possible through the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT). The good impact on the environment, especially air pollution decreasing due to the lack of commuting, makes the phenomenon of remote working need to be enhanced so that the positive impact on the environment increases. This exploratory research found that the work environment factors in the workstation design, including physical ergonomics, lighting, noise, etc., greatly affect the productivity of remote workers. This workstation design is a solution for remote workers during and post-pandemic.
Green thinking of Indonesian architects
Authors: Andracana I G N
Published: May 2023

This study explores the environmental-based design, which is framed into green thinking as the input of the design process. Five Indonesian architects were selected as this study’s subject based on their understanding of this design concept. The qualitative strategy is employed with the tactic of in-depth interviews and content analysis with the help of NVivo software to produce themes and patterns regarding this study’s discussion. This study comes with two main findings: the concept’s inclination of Indonesian traditional architecture, which incorporates local materials and conditions employment as these five Indonesian architects’ tendency toward green thinking. The second one is green thinking’s accommodation in the design development stage, also the research and site analysis stage, which are perceived as input of the design process.