bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Su Ürünlerinde Nisin Uygulamaları
Authors: UÇAR Yılmaz
Published: August 2020

Gıdaların muhafazası sadece balık etinde değil tüm gıdalar için insanlık tarihi boyunca önemli bir sorun olarak görülmüştür. Bu durum gıdaların uzun süre tüketilebilir düzeylerde kalabilmesi amacıyla dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde birçok geleneksel muhafaza metotlarının geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Günümüzde ise iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesi ve kentleşmenin etkisiyle gıda endüstrisi her geçen gün daha da büyümektedir. Gıda endüstrisindeki bu büyümeye rağmen, mikroorganizma etkisiyle oluşan bozulmalar ve gıda zehirlenmeleri gözlenebilmektedir. Sentetik koruyucuların gıda ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri, antibiyotiğe dirençli suşları geliştirmesi ve tüketicilerin sentetik koruyuculara karşı olumsuz algıları nedeniyle daha "doğal" ve "minimum düzeyde işlenmiş" gıdalara yönelik bir talep yaratmış ve doğal antimikrobiyal ajanlara ilgi artmıştır. Son yıllarda pek çok araştırmacı gıda üretimi ile ilgili patojenleri engellemek için doğal bir bakteriyosin olan nisin uygulamaktadır. Nisin, penisilinden önce keşfedilen ve çok çeşitli gram-pozitif bakterilere (vejetatif hücreler ve sporlar) karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite gösteren bir ajandır. Ayrıca diğer koruyucu maddelerle birlikte kullanıldığında bazı gram-negatif bakterilere karşı da yararlı olabilmektedir. Nisin, 50'ye yakın ülkede ve Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü/Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Avrupa Birliği tarafından onaylanmış, genellikle güvenli olarak kabul edilen (GRAS; Generally Recognized As Safe) ticari uygulamalarda geniş çapta kullanılmaktadır. Nisin, Avrupa Gıda Katkı Maddesi listesinde E234 kodu ile biyoprezervatif bileşen olarak yer almıştır. Bu derlemede doğal bir koruyucu olan nisinin su ürünleri sektöründe kullanım olanakları değerlendirilmiştir.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONSEP BILANGAN BERBANTUAN MEDIA PAPAN FLANNEL DI SD NEGERI 1 DOPANG
Authors: Muryanti Sri , Syahruniwati Baiq , Muhrim Muhrim
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti, bahwa kemampuan mengenal konsep bilangan kelompok di SDN 1 Dopang masih rendah. Hal tersebut disebabkan penggunaan media belajar yang hanya terbatas pada buku majalah, sehingga kurang menarik minat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 6 SDN 1 Dopang dengan jumlah 32 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, menggunakan instrumen berupa RPPM, RPPH, Lembar Observasi, Kegiatan Pembelajaran dan Lembar Penilaian Siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dari setiap siklus. Persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 54,9%. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 64,6% dan pada siklus III mencapai 80,6%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media papan flanel dalam pembelajaran terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif pada siswa. Berdasarkan simpulan hasil penelitian ini, direkomendasikan: (1) Bagi guru SD hendaknya dalam pembelajaran menggunakan media/alat yang menarik dan mudah diingat; (2) Bagi orang tua hendaknya di rumah menyediakan fasilitas dan senantiasa membimbing, mengarahkan, dan mendampingi aktivitas siswa dengan baik; (3) Bagi lembaga hendaknya menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai untuk meningkatkan prestasi hasil belajar siswa.
Analisis Pengelolaan Kinerja Organisasi Berbasis Balanced Scorecard Pada Kpp Madya Malang
Authors: Ardana Feri , Sudjono Gatot
Published: August 2020

Purpose - The aims of this study are determine performance achievement and identify the constraints of implementation performance management based on Balanced Scorecard in KPP Madya Malang. Design/Methodology/Approach - This research combines qualitative and  quantitative  descriptive. The  discussion  is  focused  on  discussing performance management based on the Balanced Scorecard which consists of four perspectives. Results and Discussion - The results showed that the Organizational Performance Value in Malang Malang KPP reached 101.74% meaning that overall the achievement of the Malang KPP Madya NKO had a good performance. Based on the description of the achievements of the NKO shows that the linkage of financial perspectives with non-financial perspectives has not created a maximum causal relationship. Conclusion – The results of study prove that the Organizational Perfomance at KPP Madya Malang in 2016 has a good performance and have the four Balanced Scoredcard perspectives is three perspectives are in green status such as customer perspective, internal business processes perspective, and growth and learning perspective, while the one perspective that shows red status is the Stakeholder perspective. Research Implications – It is expected that the results of this study can provide Feedback and Learning on the strategies that have been implemented and can develop strategic learning for continuous improvement and can also provide insight to the KPP Madya Malang about the importance of education in BSC-based performance management and rewards. Research Limitations – This study conducts performance appraisals only based on a Balanced Scorecard based measurement, further research can use measurement of more than one method to strengthen and assess the overall results.
A noção de acontecimento discursivo
Authors: Fragoso Élcio Aloisio
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, tivemos como objeto de estudo o discurso romântico brasileiro e como material para análise recortes da obra Iracema, de José de Alencar. Nosso objetivo principal consistiu em compreender o acontecimento que era formulado por este discurso, à luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso, disciplina da interpretação – que assim foi concebida por Pêcheux (1990) e Orlandi (1996). Desse ponto de vista, pudemos elaborar que a escritura de Iracema explicitava o batimento entre memória e atualidade ao constituir-se enquanto o acontecimento da língua nacional, que se materializava com a emergência da construção do Estado-nação brasileiro, na segunda metade do século XIX. Dessa forma, este acontecimento promovia a ruptura com a língua portuguesa, instaurando uma individualidade – sentido que se historicizava com este acontecimento – da língua nacional.
Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in selected districts of Benadir Region, Somalia
Authors: MOHAMUD Abdiaziz İdiris , MOHAMED Yonis Abukar , MOHAMED Mohamed Idiris
Published: August 2020

A cross-sectional sero-prevalence study using random sampling was conducted from June to November 2019 in the selected districts of the Benadir Region of Somalia (Karaan District) and (Deyniile District) to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors. In this study, a total of 395 animals aged from 7 months and above were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test, and positive sera were confirmed by complement fixation test. Four sera samples out of the 395 (0.7%) reacted positively for the Rose Bengal plate test and one of them reacted positively for the complement fixation test (0.2%). In the present result of this study, the prevalence in female and male and age were not significantly related to the seroprevalence of brucellosis (P>0.05). But there is a significant relationship of seropositivity of brucellosis with a record of abortion (P<0.05).The current cross-sectional study of bovine brucellosis in the Benadir region of Somalia showed is very low. There is a need to institute control measures of brucellosis through vaccination education on control to the public and conducting serosurveys and those animals testing positive culled.
NARROW-LEAVED LUPIN (LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L.) : DESCRIPTION OF ACCESSIONS ACCORDING TO THEIR SEED PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS, AND RESISTANCE TO ANTHRACNOSE
Authors:   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, EGOROVA G.P. , RYBNIKOVA V.A. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, PONOMAREVA L.T. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, NIKISHKINA M.A. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, YAKUSHEVA A.S. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
Published: August 2020

The catalogue contains the evaluation results for 276 narrow-leaved lupin accessions from the VIR collection. Main economically useful characters were studied in the fields at Moscow Division of VIR (Stupinsky District, Moscow Province) in 1988–2001. This catalogue is intended to help in selecting the source material for optimization of the breeding process. It may prove interesting to plant breeders and experts in grain legumes.
Investigation of the changes in bran mineral content according to the years and growth conditions in bread wheat genotypes
Authors: BAHAR Bilge
Published: August 2020

Bran is not only the raw material of animal feed or functional products; it has also become a natural additive used in the other industrial fields. For this reason, in this study, it has been aimed to reveal to what extent the minerals (K, P, S, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Na) are affected by genotypes, growth seasons (years) and growth conditions and their interactions, rather than how much and what kind of minerals the wheat bran contains. For this purpose, in the study, in the growth seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, five bread wheat genotypes were carried out as three replicated under organic and conventional growth conditions according to the trial design of split plots in random blocks. At the end of the study, all minerals except Cu were affected by at least one of the variation sources; in other words, although it varies according to minerals, wheat bran minerals were significantly affected by wheat genotypes, growth years and growth conditions and their interactions. In addition, with this study, significant correlations were found between some minerals in organic and conventional conditions.
Customer Engagement in Online Brand Communities: An Exploratory Study on "Masarap Ba? Facebook Community"
Authors: Pusta Maria Gwenetha
Published: August 2020

As social media serves as a new marketing platform, there are more opportunities for greater consumer-to-consumer interaction enabling consumer to connect, interact, and engage with wider audience (van Doorn et al., 2010). Consequently, this engagement shifted to a different social form such as the creation of online communities that links engagement to social media more than ever before. Looking on this perspective, the study will explore on nature and value dimensions of consumer engagement in online brand communities. With its focus on online brand community, Masarap Ba? Facebook Community, the study aims to address how hedonic and utilitarian dimensions influence consumer engagement in terms of (1) consumer communication; (2) consumer feedback and (3) consumer collaboration. It also investigates on which value as hedonic or utilitarian is a stronger driver of consumer engagement
Wanita Karir Dalam Perspektif Pria Bugis
Authors: Alwi Andi Muhammad Shaleh
Published: August 2020

Wanita karir berperan penting dalam sebuah keluarga, namun aspirasinya dalam berkarir sering terbentur dengan perspektif laki-laki terhadap eksistensinya.Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Mengetahui persepsi suami terhadap istri yang berkarir di ranah publik, (2) Mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan gambaran kesetaraan peran antara suami dan istri dalam pengambilan keputusan di lingkup rumah tangga, (3) Mengetahui sikap suami menghadapi situasi dilematis antara tanggungjawab istri terhadap karir pada ranah publik dengan tanggungjawab istri di wilayah domestik.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan analisis berkelanjutan Miles dan Huberman. Pengecekan validitas temuan dengan metode triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perspektif pria Bugis terhadap istri yang berkarir tidak mengalami perubahan, norma sosial dan norma budaya masih mengikat cara pandang pria Bugis di kota Makassar. Hal ini ditunjukkan (1) Dukungan kepada istri yang berkarir dengan membebankan syarat tidak melalaikan kewajiban domestik. (2) Kesetaraan peran antara suami dan istri dalam pengambilan keputusan terwujud dalam hal dilibatkannya kedua pihakuntukmengutarakan aspirasi dan keinginannya masing-masing, keputusan final berada ditangan suami sebagai kepala rumahtangga dengan menimbang segala masukan yang ada. (3) Suami dalam menghadapi situasi dilematis antara tanggungjawab istri terhadap karir dengan tanggungjawab istri diwilayah domestik menyikapi dengan tegas mendahulukan komunikasi, menasehati istri dalam bentuk diskusi untuk menyelesaikan persoalan. Komunikasi ini juga digunakan sebagai metode preventif dalam usaha mencegah konflik.
MANAJEMEN HIDUP DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Arsyam Muhammad , Alwi Andi Mujaddidah
Published: August 2020

Dalam kehidupan di dunia, dibutuhkan suatu konsep. Kensep tersebut merupakan konsep kehidupan. Dalam hidup dibutuhkan suatu konsep yang berdasarkan konsep al-Qur’an. Dalam al-Qur’an Allah telah mengambarkan tentang perlunya manajemen karena tanpa manajemen, maka akan mengakibatkan kerugian. Kerugian tersebut bisa berupa materi maupun nonmateri.
INTERAKSI EDUKATIF DALAM PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR
Authors: Simanjuntak Haposan
Published: August 2020

Murid adalah objek dari dunia pendidikan yang akan diarahkan pada kemandiri diri dalam segala hal sehingga menjadi pribadi yang akan maksimal dalam mengaktualisasikan dirinya dalam masyakat .Guru merupakan subjek yang akan mengubah murid dengan dinamis.Banyaknya siswa yang takut dengan guru karena terkadang guru menunjukkan sikap-sikap yang tidak bersahabat bahkan menjadi momok yang menakuti siswa merupakan masalah besar dalam dunia pendidikan.Hubungan guru dengan siswa memiliki peranan yang sangat penting yang harus terus dibangun karena hubungan yang baik antara siswa dengan guru akan memicu semangat siswa dalam belajar.Dalam setiap hubungan yang berkualitas yang dibangun antara siswa dengan guru justru didalam kesempatan tersebut nilai-nilai kebenaran akan sangat efektif ditanamkan sehingga terjadi pembelajaran yang dinamis.
He (Allah) Creates Things of Which You have No Knowledge (وَيَخْلُقُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ)
Authors: Ali Abdella Yimam
Published: August 2020

He (Allah) Creates Things of Which You have No Knowledge (وَيَخْلُقُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ)
Konsep Menderita Menurut Kolose 2:24 dan Implikasinya Bagi Orang Kristen
Authors: Simanjuntak Haposan
Published: August 2020

Puncak dari seluruh karya Kristus di dalam dunia yang paling sering dilontarkan terhadap Kekristenan di jaman modern ini adalah penderitaan. Konteks penderitaan yang Paulus sebutkan di dalam Kolose seolah menyarankan bahwa penderitaan Paulus menggenapkan penderitaan Kristus bukan dengan menambahkan sesuatu pada nilai penderitaan Kristus itu, tetapi dengan menyampaikan penderitaan itu kepada orang-orang yang memang dimaksudkan hendak diberkati melaluinya. Namun kemudian timbul pertanyaan, bagaimana mungkin ada sesuatu yang kurang dalam penderitaan Kristus? Bukankah penderitaan dan kematian Kristus sudah sangat memadai ? Sebenarnya Paulus bermaksud bukan untuk mengurangi makna penderitaan pada Kristus namun lebih kepada peggenapan rahasia Kristus terdalam secara personal dalam diri Paulus. Paper ini menggunakan pendekatan eklektik yaitu dengan penggabungan semua aspek kebulatan makna, secara filosofis, teoritis dan psikologis
PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI IMPLEMETASI DAKWAH BI AL-HAL DAN WUJUD KESADARAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Alwi Andi Muhammad Shaleh , Arsyam Muhammad , Sainuddin Ibnu Hajar , Makmur Zulkifli
Published: August 2020

Pelestarian lingkungan menjadi salah satu isu global saat ini. Realita menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan lingkungan diakibatkan tangan manusia yang secara berlebihan memproduksi penumpukan sampah yang menjadikan solusi dan pengelolaannya semakin sulit. Di sisi lain, Islam mengisyaratkan kepada penganutnya untuk selalu menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan sehingga tercipta kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Karena dibutuhkan keteladanan dari penganut agama Islam dalam hal menjaga lingkungan, maka melestarikan lingkungan yang merupakan bagian dari dakwah bi al-Hal menjadi penting sebagai wujud implementasi nilai-nilai Islam. Dengan dakwah bi al-Hal serta disertai dengan semakin tingginya kesadaran masyarakat, maka akan tercipta lingkungan yang lestari dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup yang baik pula.
SOCIOBIODIVERSIDADE DO CERRADO: CONJUNTURA RECENTE, AMEAÇAS E O FUTURO NA PRATELEIRA DO SUPERMERCADO
Authors: Barbosa e Souza Lucas
Published: August 2020

Este texto traz uma abordagem sobre as ameaças impostas pelo avanço do agronegócio e de seu modelo produtivo sobre a diversidade biológica e sociocultural do Cerrado. Como principal propósito, buscou-se enfatizar os efeitos negativos sobre as diferentes comunidades humanas (indígenas, povos tradicionais e camponeses) que habitam o domínio do Cerrado no estado do Tocantins, constituindo nele seus territórios e fonte de vida, tanto no sentido material quanto simbólico.
Do androids dream of electric sorghum?: Predicting Phenotypes from Multi-Scale Genomic and Environmental Data using Neural Networks and Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Bartelme Ryan , Behrisch Michael , Cain Emily Jean , Chang Remco , Debnath Ishita , Heidorn Bryan , Jaiswal Pankaj , LeBauer David Shaner , Mosca  , Munoz-Torres Monica , Ross Arun , Shefchek Kent , Swetnam Tyson L , Thessen Anne E.
Published: August 2020

The interplay between an organism's genes, its environment, and the expressed phenotype is dynamic. These interactions within ecosystems are shaped by non-linear multi-scale effects that are difficult to disentangle into discrete components. In the face of anthropogenic climate chance, it is critical to understand environmental and genotypic influences on plant phenotypes and phenophase transitions. However, it is difficult to integrate and interoperate between these datasets. Advances in the fields of ontologies, unsupervised learning, and genomics may overcome the disparate data schema. Here we present a framework to better link phenotypes, environments, and genotypes of plant species across ecosystem scales. This approach utilizing phenotypic data, knowledge graphing, and deep learning, serves as the groundwork for a new scientific sub-discipline: “Computational Ecogenomics”
Are STEM Faculty Biased Against Female Applicants? A Robust Replication and Extension of Moss-Racusin and Colleagues (2012)
Authors: Honeycutt Nathan , Careem Akeela , Lewis Neil Anthony , Jussim Lee
Published: August 2020

In a seminal study investigating gender bias in academic science, Moss-Racusin et al. (2012) found bias against female lab manager applicants with respect to competence, hireability, mentoring, and salary conferral. This topic was revisited here as a registered replication report with four studies—one direct replication, two direct replications with extensions, and a meta-analysis. The present set of studies, all using the same methods and materials as the original, sampled from a larger and broader pool of faculty than did the original, collectively reflecting the breadth of STEM disciplines at R1 universities across the United States. The reported studies all had higher power to detect smaller effect sizes than in the original. Across these studies, Moss-Racusin et al.’s (2012) findings failed to replicate, and biases were consistently in the opposite direction—favoring female over male applicants (albeit with smaller effect sizes). We discuss the implications of these findings for the broader literature on gender bias in science and its implications for the scientific workforce.
Is Intensive Cognitive Behavioural Therapy an Efficacious and Acceptable Treatment Format for Adults with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Millar Josie Frances Adeline , Bauer Andreas , Halligan Sarah , Purnell Sophie-Anne , Taylor Gemma , Salkovskis Paul M.
Published: August 2020

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend the use of an intensive version of cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) when evidence-based treatment has previously failed. This systematic review aimed to 1) assess the efficacy of iCBT for adults with OCD; 2) assess the acceptability of iCBT for adults with OCD.Methods: PROSPERO ID: CRD42018106840. We searched the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for articles published between 1966 and November 2018, and reference lists and other sources for registered or ongoing studies. We included Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) of adults with OCD comparing iCBT to active or non-active controls. iCBT was defined as: at least five hours of CBT delivered per week in no more than four weeks for at least 10 CBT hours. The primary outcome was change in OCD symptoms from baseline to follow-up; secondary outcome was attrition; risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Tool. Results: Searches retrieved 5125 records, with only four RCTs with a total of 313 participants meeting inclusion criteria. Large effect sizes in favour of iCBT relative to controls were found, range (1.35 to 3.18). Drop-out rate across studies was low. However, none of the included studies focused on participants with a specific history of treatment failure. Studies were highly heterogeneous, which precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions: There was evidence that iCBT may be efficacious and acceptable. Further high quality RCTs are required to assess the efficacy and acceptability of iCBT specifically for OCD non-responders.
Bias, Fairness, and Validity in Graduate Admissions: A Psychometric Perspective
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , LeBreton James , Keith Melissa , Tay Louis
Published: August 2020

As many schools and departments are considering the removal of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) from their graduate admission processes to enhance equity and diversity in higher education, controversies arise. From a psychometric perspective, we see a critical need for clarifying the meanings of measurement bias and fairness, in order to create common ground for constructive discussions within the field of psychology, higher education, and beyond. We critically evaluate six major sources of information that are widely used in graduate admission assessment: grade point average, personal statements, resumes/CVs, letters of recommendation, interviews, and GRE. We review empirical research evidence available to date on the validity, bias, and fairness issues associated with each of these admission measures, and identify potential issues that have been overlooked in the literature. We conclude by suggesting several directions for practical steps to improve the current admissions decisions, as well as highlighting areas in which future research would be beneficial.
The Digital Divide in Online Education. Inequality in Digital Preparedness of Students and Schools before the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: van de Werfhorst Herman Gerbert , Kessenich Emma , Geven Sara
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the educational process across the globe, as schools suddenly had to provide their teaching in an online environment. One question that raised immediate concern is the potential effects of this forced and rapid digitalization on inequalities in the learning process by social class, migration background and sex. Elaborating on the literature on the digital divide, we study inequalities in digital preparedness of students and schools, before the pandemic took place. Using data from the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) on seven countries, and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) on 45 countries, both from 2018, we demonstrate that schools and students vary in their preparedness for digital education, but that school variation is not systematically related to the student composition by socioeconomic and migration background. More important drivers for a digital divide in corona-times are the ICT skills students have, which are strongly related to socioeconomic background (known as the second level of the digital divide). We found little evidence for a hypothesized ‘fourth level’ of the digital divide, which would result from social gradients in the preparedness of school environments for digital education.
There’s an app for that: technological solutionism as COVID-19 policy in the Global North
Authors: Taylor Linnet
Published: August 2020

Higher-income countries’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been characterised by technological solutionism—the claim that technology on its own can solve problems that are in reality complex and multidimensional. This essay explores the mutual shaping that has occurred between technological solutions and public health policy in the Global North, where governments have allowed capacity to drive policy rather than vice versa. This has led to a situation where contact-tracing and other surveillance technology has become centered in policy, at the expense of the human capacity and material resources that were, and are, necessary to combat the pandemic effectively. This contribution charts how the subsitution of just-in-time technology for human inputs took a toll in terms of mortality by delaying an appropriate public health response.
Structural Shockwaves: Consecutive Crises and Professional Mobility Among Judges and Prosecutors
Authors: Pârvulescu Radu Andrei
Published: August 2020

[PRESENTED AT ECPR GENERAL CONFERENCE, AUG 24-28, 2020] It is almost clichéd to speak of a Europe of crises, in which endless onslaughts (financial, migration, secession, plague) push the continent ever closer to collapse. But why should successive shocks be additive? Can the first shock dampen the second? By empirically investigating the professional mobility of judges and prosecutors in Romania over two consecutive crises – the 2017-2019 judicial reforms, and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic – this article shows that a first shock can make a social structure more structurally robust to subsequent blows, while contextually amplifying the effects of secondary shocks. Methodologically, this article introduces the open-source Romanian Judicial Professions (1978-2020) database. Theoretically, it contributes to the study of consecutive crises by proposing a new concept, “structural shockwaves,” and uncovering two emergent phenomena associated with sequential structural shockwaves – undertow and rip-currents.
Students’ engagement in the medical school in Nepal based on ASPIRE criteria
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneet , Narayan Gautam
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Students’ engagement in active learning and scholarly activities are essential for effective medical education. This is one of the dimensions of ASPIRE-to-Excellence-Initiative. Objective of this study was to know from students about their engagement in Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) Bhairahawa, Nepal as per ASPIRE criteria for excellence.

Material and methods: This is questionnaire-based survey done in UCMS, in October 2019. The Criteria regarding students’ engagement developed by International Association for Medical Education (AMEE)for ASPIRE-to-Excellence-Initiative was utilized in the questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of four ASPIRE criteria and 21 sub-criteria. The response on each sub-criteria (statements) were three yes/to some- extent/no. They had to select one response as deemed appropriate. 3rd-year MBBS students participated in the survey. The data was entered into SPSS 21; frequency, and percentage were computed.

Results: Out of 100 students; 80 participated in the survey. The response rate was 80%. Around 2/3 of the students reported that they didn’t engaged with management of the school, including matters of policy and mission and vision of the school. Overall students’ engagement is poor on criteria-1. More than 2/3 of the students mentioned that they have been engaged in the school’s education program (delivery of teaching and assessment). Overall students’ engagement is fair on criteria-2. More than 50% of students reported that they have been engaged in the academic community (school’s research program and participation in meetings). Overall students’ engagement is satisfactory on criteria-3. More than 70% of students mentioned that they have been engaged in the local community and service delivery. Overall students’ engagement is good oncriteria-4.

Conclusion: Students’ engaged on 4 criteria varies from poor to good; poor on criteria 1 while good on criteria 4. More research is required involving all batches of students and other medical colleges in Nepal to know the details of students’ engagement in medical schools based on ASPIRE criteria.
Prevalence and pattern of Iron deficiency in patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Mahaseth Aditya , Shah Jay Narayan , Nepal Bikash , Karki Biplave , Ghimire Jeet , Pandey Naveen Kumar , Shah Prashant , Karki Prahlad
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Iron Deficiency is the commonest nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting more than one-third of the population, its association with Heart Failure with or without anemia is of growing interest. As iron supplementation improves prognosis in patients with Heart Failure, Iron Deficiency is an attractive therapeutic target – a hypothesis that has recently been tested in clinical studies. This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction patients with or without anemia.

Material and methods: It was a single center hospital based cross sectional observational study. A total of 60 male and female patients with diagnosis of heart failure based on the Framingham Criteria, who gave consent for the study were included. They underwent laboratory evaluation including hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, transferrin saturation percentage, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity. Serum ferritin <100 μg/l was used to diagnose absolute ID. Functional ID was defined as a serum ferritin level of 100–300 μg/l and a transferrin saturation of <20 %. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dl for males and <12 g/dl for females, based on World Health Organization definition.

Results: Using the above definitions iron deficiency was found in 28 (46.67%) patients. 36.67% patients had absolute iron deficiency and 10% patients had functional iron deficiency. Females had a higher non statistically significant iron deficiency than males 63.16% vs 39.02%. 15 patients (48.38%) with iron deficiency did not have anemia, and 11 (35.5%) of those patients had absolute iron deficiency.

Conclusion: Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction irrespective of anemia and hemoglobin levels. Many of those patients can have functional iron deficiency. Measurement of iron status should be a routine during workup of heart failure patients and further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of iron status measurement and the influences of treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure patients. Many such trials are now underway.
Buffered Versus Non Buffered Lignocaine with Adrenaline for Pain Control in Hand Surgery: A Comparative study
Authors: Chaurasia Lok Raj , Nakarmi K. , Shrestha S. , Rai S.M.
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Patients with hand injuries and other conditions presenting to ER or office are usually given local anaesthesia to evaluate the case or perform a certain procedure. Lignocaine in various concentrations with or without adrenaline is used. Lignocaine with adrenaline is shown to be more acidic than plain lignocaine of similar concentration causing more pain. Sodium bicarbonate has been shown to decrease the pH of lignocaine hence decrease the pain related to injection. So this study is carried out to compare buffered (sodium bicarbonate) and plain lignocaine with adrenaline for pain control and analgesia for patients undergoing hand surgery.

Material and methods: Patients in the age group of 18-60 years were divided into two groups- a control group (receiving lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline) and a study group (receiving carbonated lignocaine with adrenaline) and were evaluated for pain at the site of injection, onset of action of the anesthetic and its duration of analgesia and anaesthesia.

Results: A total of 38 patients were included, 19 in each group. There was a significant difference in the pain score at time of injection between study group and control group (median,range: 2( 1-5) and 7(4-9) respectively ) with p<0.001. However, there was no significant difference in terms of onset of action, duration of anaesthesia and return of pain sensation. One patient developed swelling over wrist joint who received buffered solution.

Conclusion: Local anesthetics used routinely in hand department should be buffered with sodium bicarbonate to reduce pain on injection of drugs in the patients.
Prevalence of Tigecycline resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter species isolates from clinical specimens
Authors: Mahto Moni , Dhungel Banodita Acharya
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanii is ubiquitous, aerobic non fermentative, gram negative cocobacilli, emerging globally as an important cause of nosocomial infection. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species.

Material and methods: Antibiotic susceptibility of 93 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were performed against ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, polymyxin B and colistin as per standard methods in microbiology laboratory of Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from January to December 2018. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional review committee of Nepal Mediciti Hospital.

Results: A total of 93 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from sputum, blood, pus, wound swabs , catheter tips and others. Antibiotic susceptibility analyses of the isolates revealed that the resistance to ampicillin was most common (100%), followed by cefotaxime (75.2%), ceftazidime (74.1%), ampicillin/sulbactam (73.1%), cefepime (67.7%). However, almost all isolates were susceptible to tigecycline (100%), followed by colistin (98.9%), and polymyxin B (87.0%).

Conclusion: The present study showed the increasing trends of resistance of Acinetobacter speciesto various classes of antimicrobials. Treatment options for infections due to MDR and XDR Acinetobacter baumanii are very limited and tigecycline and colistin may be considered as one of the therapeutic option for the treatment of hospital acquired infections
Editorial Vol.4(1)
Authors: Sapkota Kumar
Published: August 2020

No abstract available.
Community vulnerability to epidemics in Nepal: A high-resolution spatial assessment amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khanal Laxman , Paudel Binod Kumar , Acharya Bipin Kumar
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the biggest health problem at present, doesn’t have uniform transmission and severity among the countries and communities therein. Knowledge of community vulnerability to the disease would facilitate interventions aimed at transmission control by efficient deployment of available limited resources. Therefore, we assessed spatial variations and heterogeneity of disease vulnerability among the population in 753 municipal units of Nepal. We collected geospatial indicators representing the domain of socioeconomic inequalities, population dynamics, heterogeneity in accessibility and the information related to underlying health condition which potentially affect the severity of COVID-19 transmission. Those indicators were scaled to a common measurement scale and spatially overlaid via equally weighted arithmetic mean and then assembled to create three vulnerability indices using Geographic Information System; Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), Epidemiological Vulnerability Index (EVI) and a composite of the two- Social and Epidemiological Vulnerability Index (SEVI). The indices were classified into five level of vulnerability and the municipal units and the population within vulnerability classes were quantified and visualized in the map. The index output indicated high vulnerability to epidemics in metropolitan cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Bharatpur, etc.; developing cities especially in the Province No 2; and, municipal units of Karnali and Sudoorpashchim provinces. Additionally, some other municipalities such as Dhulikhel, Beshishahar, Tansen etc. which have a higher prevalence of pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders are highly vulnerable. The SVI indicated that 174 municipal units and 41.5% population is highly vulnerable. The EVI identified 55 municipal units and 40.7% of the total population of the country highly vulnerable to COVID-19. The SEVI accounted that disease vulnerability is high in 105 municipal units and 40% population of Nepal. The vulnerability indices created are means for different tiers of the existing government in federal system of Nepal for prioritization and improved planning for disease intervention especially in highly vulnerable municipal units where the COVID-19 transmission could have high severity.
Exploración del contexto y las necesidades de educación en salud en un grupo indígena uitoto en Bogotá
Authors: Guerrero Aragón Sandra Catalina , Puerto Myriam Beatriz , Buitrago Andrea del Pilar , Gómez Hidalgo Daniela , Samanta Mesa Maroly , Torres Callejas María Juliana , Rodriguez Rodríguez Freddy Alexander
Published: August 2020

Introducción: Colombia es un país multiétnico y multilingüe con seis millones (14%) de habitantes que pertenecen a grupos étnicos minoritarios, por lo que la situación actual de las comunidades indígenas ha sido precaria por las limitantes de acceso a los planes de salud. Objetivo: realizar una exploración de la comunidad uitoto ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, del contexto y las necesidades de educación frente al cáncer del cuello uterino y la salud sexual y reproductiva. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo de enfoque etnográfico (prueba piloto) en la comunidad uitoto con una observación participante, registrado en un diario de campo. Resultados: las personas de la comunidad uitoto manifiestan que muchos de sus integrantes no cuentan con un servicio de salud contributivo, sino subsidiado por condiciones de desplazamiento. Discusión: se reconoce la existencia latente de las barreras de salud en comunidades indígenas en estado de vulnerabilidad en las áreas urbanas. Conclusión: se destaca la importancia de integrar en la medicina occidental y tradicional en los procesos de salud para esta comunidad.
ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF MUNJANG MANGROVE FOREST AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS BASED ON COMMUNITY APPROACH
Authors: Henri Henri , Ardiawati Seta
Published: August 2020

Ecotourism development in a mangrove forest area includes many positive and negative aspects and requires a sustainablecomprehensive study. Ecotourism potential must be assessed to provide understanding of local people in managing natural resources. This study aims at identifying the potential for the development of ecotourism and determining the efforts of conservation strategies for supporting mangrove forests. Data collection was done by questionnaires and interviews usingÂ  1-5 Likert scale measurement and SWOT analysis to determine ecotourism development strategies. The results of the study indicates that Munjang mangrove forest has a very good potential to be developed as an ecotourism area. It is supported by the efforts of conservation as the main key in realizing the development of sustainable ecotourism. The role of the community and stakeholders has been well established such as mangrove seeding and nursery activities. Finally, this study recognizes that the capacity of sustainability indicators is very important to map the transformation and constant challenges of supporting mangrove ecotourism, so that it can provide conservation benefits, provide quality services for visitors and improve local communities welfare.
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF STAR ANISE EXTRACT (Illicium verum Hook.F) AS A HAND SANITIZER
Authors: Puspita Dhanang , Ardhiawati Eli , Desi Desi
Published: August 2020

The hand becomes one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high mobility. Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microbes. Hands become one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high mobility. Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microorganisms. Most hand sanitizers contain alcohol and triclosan, which can be bad for the skin if used in excessive amounts. It is necessary to substitute alcohol and triclosan as an antibacterial, one of which is star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f). Star anise contains flavonoids and tannins, which can function as antibacterial and safe for health.Â  The objective of this study was to make a hand sanitizer formulation from star anise and test its antibacterial strength. The method used was a laboratory experiment with stages; Star anise extraction and antibacterial test. The results of the hand sanitizer formulation of the biggest star anise extract in inhibiting are 10% star anise extract. Inhibitory zone of 10% star anise extract at 6.2 Â± 0.76 mm and included in the medium category.
Android-based GO-COURSE Application with Location Based Services Method
Authors: Rahman Taufik , Nuha Muhammad Ulin , Kuswanto Herman , Handono Felix Wuryo
Published: August 2020

Advances in technology in the field of Android-based applications are expected to bring changes in the world of education intended for English language education. At present the method of searching institute courses that are present in a variety of applications offered, but the existing applications are not yet complete on this matter related to the applications offered do not meet the specific needs of the course institution search applications that are provided in the English village pare. LBS and algotima dijkstra can be used in the analysis and design of android-based applications, it is required an application to search for locations such as applications needed by user in addition to places of study can also find a place to spend the night while studying, where traveling provides the facilities that have been provided. The results of the Go-Course application can conclude that it must meet the needs of users to carry out the process of finding a chair, boarding house, boarding house and travel package from a smartphone by providing a fairly accurate position. By applying the Djikstra algorithm to the Go-Course Application, you can set the shortest route to the boarding house and boarding house with the user's position and current distance in the form of a map. All functions in the Go-Cource application for finding seats, boarding, boarding and tour packages can run correctly through Blackbox Testing and in accordance with manufacturing recommendations.Keywords: LBS, Dijkstra, Android, GPS, Go-Course.
Analysis of Face Recognition Algorithm: Dlib and OpenCV
Authors: Suwarno Suwarno , Kevin Kevin
Published: August 2020

In face recognition there are two commonly used open-source libraries namely Dlib and OpenCV. Analysis of facial recognition algorithms is needed as reference for software developers who want to implement facial recognition features into an application program. From Dlib algorithm to be analyzed is CNN and HoG, from OpenCV algorithm is DNN and HAAR Cascades. These four algorithms are analyzed in terms of speed and accuracy. The same image dataset will be used to test, along with some actual images to get a more general analysis of how algorithm will appear in real life scenarios. The programming language used for face recognition algorithms is Python. The image dataset will come from LFW (Labeled Faces in the Wild), and AT&T, both of which are available and ready to be downloaded from the internet. Pictures of people around the UIB (Batam International University) is used for actual images dataset. HoG algorithm is fastest in speed test (0.011 seconds / image), but the accuracy rate is lower (FRR = 27.27%, FAR = 0%). DNN algorithm is the highest in level of accuracy (FRR = 11.69%, FAR = 2.6%) but the lowest speed (0.119 seconds / picture). There is no best algorithm, each algorithm has advantages and disadvantages.Keywords: Python, Face Recognition, Analysis, Speed, Accuracy.
Analysis of Technology Acceptance Model Method To Predict A Person's Interest In The Acceptance of A Technology : A Literature Review
Authors: Prabowo Tito , Winarno Wing Wahyu , Sudarmawan Sudarmawan
Published: August 2020

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a model used by researchers to predict and analyse factors that influence a person's interest in a technology. The purpose of this literature review is to find out how the interests of users of an information system are investigated. This literature review is based on a thorough review of the research and a descriptive discussion based on previous studies that investigate the acceptance of an information system. Previous researchers have used good research methods and research steps, so the results of the study can also give an idea of how user interests strongly influence the usefulness and actual actions when using an information system. The results of a systematic review show that the TAM method for predicting an individual's interest in accepting an information technology relationship between constructs used is a determinant that can measure interest in user behavior and also a determinant that can predict and explain interest in user behavior.Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model, Behavior Interests, User Behavior.