bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Ibu Dalam Melatih Pengamalan Beragama Pada Anak Di Lingkungan Keluarga
Authors: Muslih Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to obtain data about knowing the foundations of family education, to explain the economic urgency of education, and to describe the duties of mothers in educating children in the family. This study uses a normative approach, namely library research, then the data is collected and analyzed based on primary data (inventory of books) and those that are related to the discussion techniques of children in the family.The results of this study are that the role of the mother is very influential in practicing the practice in Bergama because the role of the mother is not only a model but also a teacher or educator for her children.This research shows that the family is the first environment that influences one's education, because the institution of the family is a place where humans are first trained to live life. So the family is the first and foremost container for personality development and growth.
 
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperolah data tentang mengetahui tentang pondasi pendidikan keluarga, menjelaskan tentang urgensi ekonomi bagi pendidikan, dan menjabarkan tentang tugas-tugas ibu dalam mendidik anak dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normative, yaitu penelitian Library research(kepustakaan), kemudian data dikumpulkan dan dianalisa berdasarkan data primer (inventaris buku-buku) dan yang ada kaitannya dengan teknik pembahasan anak dalam keluarga.Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa peran ibu sangat berpengaruh dalam melatih pengamalan dalam Bergama karena peran ibu bukan hanya sebagai model akan tetapi juga sebagai guru atau pendidik bagi anak-anaknya. Penelitian ini adalah bahwa keluarga adalah lingkungan pertama yang mempengaruhi pendidikan seseorang, karena lembaga keluarga merupakan tempat manusia mula-mula digembleng untuk menjalani kehidupan. Maka keluarga merupakan wadah pertama dan utama bagi perkembangan dan pertumbuhan kepribadian.
Kemampuan Memahami Wacana Lisan Dalam Dialog Interaktif Menggunakan Media Rekaman Pada Siswa SMPS Muhammadiyah Ende
Authors: Serlin Maria Floriana , Jamaludin Zaenab
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ability to understand oral discourse in interactive dialogue using recording media in class VII students of SMPS Muhammadiyah Ende, Ende Utara District, Ende Regency in the 2019/2020 academic year. The specific purpose of this writing is that researchers know the ability to understand oral discourse in interactive dialogue using recording media in class VII students of private SMP Muhammadiyah Ende, Ende Utara District, Ende Regency. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Data were collected using the instrument test method. Data collection techniques using test techniques. The theory used by the writer is listening skill theory and learning evaluation theory.The results of the data analysis show that students can understand oral discourse in interactive dialogue using recorded media. Their ability is classified as good with the average value obtained is 76.96%. Students who are able to get a value of> 75 with a percentage of 84.31% with a good predicate and students who are unable to get a value of <75 with a percentage of 15.69% with a sufficient predicate.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan memahami wacana lisan dalam dialog interaktif menggunakan media rekaman pada siswa kelas VII SMPS Muhammadiyah Ende Kecamatan Ende Utara Kabupaten Endetahun pembelajaran 2019/2020. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode tes esay. Setelah data dikumpulkan selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik statistik menggunakan rumus yang dikemukakan oleh Rikwan & Akdon (2010:28). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa dapat memahami wacana lisan dalam dialog interaktif menggunakan media rekaman. Kemampuan mereka tergolong baik dengan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah 76,96%. Siswa yang mampu memperoleh nilai > 75 dengan persentase 84,31% dengan predikat baik dan siswa yang tidak mampu memperoleh nilai < 75 dengan persentase 15,69% dengan predikat cukup.
Drumul către autonomie trece prin cunoaștere
Authors: Miroiu Mihaela
Published: January 2021

This paper it is a subjective perspective on the birth and the raise of the field of Gender Studies in Romania. It is subjective because the author is the initiator of the field and she has a parental/maternal attitude towards the topic. Once her intellectual maternity is related to the MA program at National School of Political and Administrative Studies in Bucharest, the text is offering a reflective image of the evolution and the results of the research in the last decades at NSPSPA, as well as its impact beyond the academic space.
Egalitatea de gen. Politici publice sau un câmp de luptă discursiv și politico-religios?
Authors: Băluță Oana
Published: January 2021

Romania’s pre- and post-accession to the European Union revealed that gender equality had been considered a marginal domain of interest, with mandatory legislative and institutional changes that had to be put into practice given the acquis communautaire. The financial and economic crisis was an important setback, it deterred Romania from a progressive democratic road, and opened avenues for democratic backsliding. Important challenges were brought by the financial and economic crisis and later on by conservative political and civil society’s forces mobilizing against gender equality. During the last couple of years, we have also witnessed an intensification of mobilization against gender equality called anti-gender campaigns. The article is both descriptive and reflexive and analyzes the configuration of the anti-gender campaigns in Romania, identifies the themes that mobilized discourses and activities combating the so called `gender ideology` and identifies the main actors supporting these campaigns. The article highlights that the opposition against gender equality is not restricted to discourse or civic mobilization but has already entered the field of political representation.
Construcția feminismului românesc în tranziția timpurie
Authors: Dumitrache Roxana
Published: January 2021

Within the feminist epistemological space, the category “Romanian feminism” contains a series of relevant features that individualize it to the point of its dissociation from Eastern European feminism. On the one hand, it is impossible to analyze Romanian intellectual feminism without an attempt to locate it within European feminism or, more particularly, within Eastern European feminism. On the other hand, any mapping of Romanian feminism is partial if it does not include the fundamental role of the institutional frameworks in which Romanian feminism was structured and where it was, in some cases, crystallized in political agenda or civic movement. The dynamics itself of the Romanian feminism goes beyond intellectual production, the creation of institutions and their acclimatization in a state that has started its transition to a democratic regime to a whole modus operandi of people who intellectually and professionally linked their destiny to feminism.
Privire asupra cercetărilor stereotipurilor de gen în publicitatea românească
Authors: Ciocan Ioana-Tatiana
Published: January 2021

The paper represents an analysis of gender studies regarding mass-media, mainly advertising. The study observes issues related to the way in which gender equality was identified in advertising, both in publications with individual authors and in collective specialised works, or in peer-reviewed scientific articles. We have subsequently observed and presented three essential directions in Romanian studies on gender stereotypes / inequality in advertising. Thus, we discussed the linguistic and semantic direction (terms such as stereotype, male-female distinction, patriarchy), then the typological direction (classifications of stereotypes, their characteristic and frequency) and last but not least the direction of consumer perception in advertising. In conclusion, the paper shows the research trends in the field of gender stereotypes regarding advertising, highlighting the opinion of recognized specialists on the influence such representations have on individuals and in society.
Visual Humor through Internet Memes (II) From harmless humour to the discriminatory potential of (anti)memes. Case Study: “The Transgender Bathroom Debate”
Authors: Sălcudean Minodora
Published: January 2021

After pointing out - in the first part of this study - the persuasive quality of memes, once they are created, re-mixed and shared publicly, we attempt to further analyze and discuss the social and ethical implications of this type of humour, meant for mainstream entertainment and specific to the digital era, while insisting on the relevance of its reception; when the derision hides, in fact, hostility, the use of humour can affect the image of vulnerable groups and can contribute to the exclusion of their members. The attached case study presents and analyses anti-trans memes created and shared during a notorious legislative episode in the United States, referring to the use of gender-inclusive public restrooms. This episode has provoked controversies in the American public space and has served as a new reason for discriminatory manifestations online, using internet memes.
Cum iubim? Coduri de gen în romanul de dragoste românesc
Authors: Gârdan Daiana
Published: January 2021

My paper aims to present how the Romanian romance novel written between late 19th century and the Second World War fictionalized some of the gender codes active in that particular timeframe in social and familial contexts. A very popular subgenre amid the unprofessional readers, romance fiction rises a new kind of responsibility for literary critics and historians, that traditionally gave little to no attention to the matter of toxic gender codes found in these novels. This article attempts to analyse, by means of both close and distant reading tools, a few narrative aspects that encoded gender inequality.
El inventario de la biblioteca de Francisco Javier Luna Pizarro
Authors: Schawb Federico
Published: January 2021

Inventario que nos permite conocer los fondos bibliográficos reunidos por uno de los personajes más iriteresantes y de la psicología más compleja, entre los que actuaron en la política inicial del Perú independiente. El análisis de los libros profanos de esta biblioteca arrojará quizá más luz sobre muchas actitudes de este gran hombre que hasta ahora no han sido comprendidas enteramente.
Impactos del manejo forestal sobre las propiedades de los suelos: un tema de investigación fundamental para México
Authors: Valladares-Samperio Karla , Galicia-Sarmiento Leopoldo
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El incremento en la intensidad de cosecha de madera influye negativamente en las funciones ecosistémicas de los suelos en los bosques templados y boreales.Objetivo: Conocer los impactos de los métodos de manejo forestal intensivos y extensivos sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos, y sus consecuencias en los procesos de disponibilidad y estabilización de nutrientes en los bosques templados y boreales.Resultados y discusión: Los métodos de manejo forestal intensivo pueden generar mayor desequilibrio en los procesos de disponibilidad y estabilización de nutrientes, comparados con los métodos selectivos. El impacto se refleja en el deterioro de la estructura del suelo y en la disminución de reservas de nutrientes y comunidades microbianas. Estos daños afectan la fertilidad y el funcionamiento del suelo, disminuyendo la productividad a largo plazo. Las afectaciones dependen de la intensidad de biomasa extraída, condiciones ambientales y preparación del sitio. Lo anterior hace evidente la necesidad del monitoreo del manejo forestal y su impacto en la ecología del suelo en los bosques templados, que mantenga la productividad a largo plazo y garantice la disponibilidad de los volúmenes de madera.Conclusión: En México, el impacto del manejo forestal ha sido escasamente analizado y es indispensable comprender los cambios funcionales de los procesos que determinan la fertilidad del suelo y la productividad de los bosques.
Servicios de los ecosistemas forestales en los trópicos: una evaluación imperfecta de su contribución al bienestar e implicaciones en la política ambiental
Authors: López-Ramírez Martín A.
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La relación específica entre servicios ecosistémicos (SE), productividad de los sistemas de uso del suelo y bienestar es compleja y poco conocida.Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el capital natural y el bienestar en el sector de la Agricultura, Silvicultura y Otros Uso del Suelo (AFOLU), con el fin de evaluar la contribución de los SE al valor agregado (PIB [producto interno bruto]) de la agricultura, la silvicultura y la pesca, y sus implicaciones políticas.Materiales y métodos: A través de variables de asignación de uso de suelo, el modelo de transición forestal y el PIB de uso de la tierra de 97 países tropicales, la función de producción del sector AFOLU se estimó mediante un modelo de regresión lineal y un método bootstrap. Las propiedades de la función se analizaron y se calculó la asignación óptima de la tierra.Resultados y discusión: Existe una contribución directa e indirecta de los ecosistemas forestales al PIB. El efecto directo se manifiesta a través de la elasticidad parcial de las tierras forestales (P < 0.05), y el indirecto, a través de la escala de producción (P < 0.05). La elasticidad parcial de la agricultura es significativamente mayor que la de las tierras forestales (P < 0.05) y la escala de producción aumenta a medida que las tierras forestales se agotan (P < 0.05). El uso óptimo de la tierra indica que 75 países tienen superávit forestal (13.2 Mkm 2 ) y 22 tienen déficit forestal (1.5 Mkm 2 ).Conclusiones: Los ecosistemas forestales en el sector AFOLU en los trópicos producen servicios ecosistémicos para la sociedad; sin embargo, estas contribuciones se ven opacadas por la productividad de la tierra agrícola.
Tamaño mínimo de muestra para el ajuste de funciones compatibles de ahusamiento-volumen para tres especies de pino en Chihuahua
Authors: Villela-Suárez Juan M. , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar A. , Treviño-Garza Eduardo J. , González-Tagle Marco A. , Yerena-Yamallel Israel , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La elección del tamaño de muestra es una decisión importante en el desarrollo de modelos de volumen y funciones de perfil.Objetivo: Calcular el tamaño de muestra mínimo requerido para el ajuste de funciones compatibles de ahusamiento-volumen para Pinus arizonica Engelm., P. durangensis Martínez y P. engelmannii Carr. en Chihuahua.Materiales y métodos: La metodología se dividió en tres fases: (i) ajuste de un modelo de regresión lineal a los datos diámetro-altura de 50 árboles de cada especie en tres regiones forestales; (ii) cálculo del tamaño de muestra mínimo requerido, y (iii) comparación de la bondad de ajuste de la función de ahusamiento-volumen empleando ambos tamaños de muestra.Resultados y discusión: El número de árboles mínimo calculado osciló entre 53 (Pinus durangensis) y 88 (P. engelmannii) y se ubica en el intervalo reportado en estudios de estimación del tamaño de muestra óptimo para el desarrollo de funciones de perfil. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la bondad de ajuste (α = 0.05) en términos de la R 2 y de la raíz del error medio cuadrático, utilizando el tamaño de muestra completa y el tamaño de muestra mínimo calculado; tampoco se observó efecto significativo en las estimaciones del volumen fustal.Conclusión: El uso de muestras pequeñas en el ajuste de modelos de ahusamiento- volumen puede generar estimaciones precisas si se garantiza la representación adecuada de la población objeto de estudio.
An Examination of Inclusive Practices for Students with Learning Disabilities in Botswana: A Literature Review
Authors: Mrstik Samantha L. , Dieker Lisa A. , Abosi C. Okechukwu
Published: January 2021

The country of Botswana has passed laws to support the human rights of their citizens, including people with learning disabilities. In accordance with the United Nations’ guidelines, Botswana’s human rights initiatives, and the international movement toward inclusive education, inclusive educational reform is taking place. We have conducted a comprehensive literature review, the purpose of which was to establish the progress Botswana has made in special education policy, implementation of policy into schools, and the strides made toward inclusion. However, there are still many struggles comparable to many school systems in African nations. Key findings include a nation with significant developments in human rights which includes a developing inclusive education system with both policy and implementation, yet, still coping with the growing pains of a young special education program.
A hybrid of Borda-TOPSIS for risk analysis of Islamic state network development in southeast Asia
Authors: Salleh Mohd Zaini , Rahman Azrul Azlan Abd , Baker Rogis , Octavian A. , Widjayanto Joni , Putra I Nengah , Widodo Pujo
Published: January 2021

In a decision-making environment related to risk, there are four basic circumstances, namely certainty, risk, uncertainty and conflict. The dynamics of the strategic environment in Southeast Asia cannot be separated from the movement of the development of the Islamic State (IS). The terror threat in Southeast Asia is currently divided into different generations of terror, namely the threat of the Al-Qaeda terror network and the threat of the ISIS terror network. This study aims to analyze and identify the risk value of the development of the Islamic State network in Southeast Asia using the Borda and TOPSIS methods. The Borda method is used to give weight to the criteria related to risk analysis. The TOPSIS method is used to provide a criteria-based risk score. This research is limited to the Southeast Asia region with 4 (four) major countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. This research is expected to contribute to control the development of Islamic state networks in the Southeast Asian region. Based on the results of the overall risk analysis, it was found that the Philippines has the highest risk factor value for Islamic State (IS) with a value of 0.550 at level 4 in the High category. Indonesia maintains a risk factor value of 0.307. Thailand has a risk factor value of 0.427. Indonesia and Thailand are at level 3 with the Medium category. Meanwhile, Malaysia has a risk factor value of 0.203 at level 2 in the Low category.
Nearest solution to references method for multicriteria decision-making problems
Authors: Aytekin Ahmet , Durucasu Hasan
Published: January 2021

In MCDM problems, the decision maker is often ready to adopt the closest solution to the reference values in a choice or ranking problem. The reference values represent the desired results as established subjectively by the decision maker or determined through various scientific tools. In a criterion, the reference value could be the maximum value, the minimum value, or a specific value or range. Also, the acceptances degrees of ranges outside the reference may differ from each other in a criterion. Furthermore, measurements in a criterion may have been obtained with any of the nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. For the decision problems, including qualitative criteria, the solution cannot be achieved without scaling of criteria with the existing MCDM methods. The purpose of this study is to propose the Nearest Solution to References (REF) Method, a novel reference-based MCDM method, for the solution of decision problems having mixed data structure where references can be determined for criteria.
Ramadan Effect: A Structural Time-Series Test
Authors: Al-Awadhi Abdullah , Bash Ahmad , Jamaani Fouad
Published: January 2021

This study investigates whether religious belief creates stock market return seasonality, focusing on the Muslim holy month “Ramadan". We use long-term data from 12 stock markets in countries with a high Muslim majority. Using a structural time-series model that takes into account a “trend component" and a stochastic “seasonal component”, we find no significant evidence of Ramadan return seasonality for the 12 stock markets over the long-term. This result suggests that there is no trend component for Ramadan effect and that Ramadan returns seasonality vanish in the long-term.
Are Medical Students Aware About Their Own Oral Health? A Cross Sectional Study in South Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel NB , Patel Yash D , Patel Nixat J
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The awareness of health providers and their attitudes towards their oral health could reflect their approach toward oral health in future medical practice.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the oral hygiene awareness of the undergraduate students a medical college in Southern part of Gujarat state in India.

Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was been conducted. A self-structured, pre- tested questionnaire was used in the study for assessing the oral hygiene knowledge and awareness. The questionnaire consisted details regarding the various socio demographic details, questions regarding brushing, importance of oral health etc. A 15-point score developed to score the awareness about the oral health.

Results: The results revealed that the all the undergraduate students had 100% knowledge regarding the number of teeth present in the permanent dentition. Mean knowledge score was 7.5 out of 15. Boys has lower score compared to girls but the difference was non-significant (p>0.05)

Conclusion: We concluded that the awareness of the undergraduate students was not satisfactory. Hence, a comprehensive program regarding oral hygiene must be implemented, starting from their first year of education.
A Comparative Study of Formal Approaches for Web Service Oriented Architecture
Authors: Chara Eddine Meftah Mohammed
Published: January 2021

The security in web service oriented architecture (WSOA) development has become a critical need and goal. WSOA as service-oriented architecture (SOA) designs the software as services and uses the services as platforms. Web services orchestration describes how web services can interact with each other from an operational perspective. Many languages allow expression of executable processes to implementing web services orchestration. These languages are used to describe how the interactions between multiple services are coordinated to achieve a goal. However, the operational semantics of each of the structures of these languages is not formally defined and they have limitations regarding the reasoning and the verification of the web services compositions. Several studies and approaches have been proposed in this context, are devoted to the formalization of web services orchestrations and allow some verification of their behavior; these approaches are partial solutions to the problem of development of the safe composition. We explore the advantages and limitations of more than fourteen approaches and research work. We propose a model for comparison between works, studies, and approaches in this field. The proposed model adopts the concepts of the formalization and the automation of development processes.
Prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory symptoms in an adult urban population
Authors: Akhter Z. , Razzaq S. , Rabbani U. , Irfan M. , Burney P. , Nafees A. A.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory symptoms in an adult urban Pakistani population.METHODS: We conducted a multi-stage, community-based, cross-sectional survey from May 2014 to August 2015, comprising 1629 adults from 75 random clusters
in Karachi using questionnaire-based interviews.RESULTS: Around 60% of participants were females and 43% belonged to the >37 years age group. At least one respiratory symptom was reported by 37.5% of participants. Breathlessness was the most common symptom (25.2%, 95%CI 23.1–27.3),
followed by acute wheeze (10.1%, 95%CI 8.7–11.7). Multivariable models revealed that males and those aged >37 years were more likely to report acute and chronic phlegm and bronchitis, and breathlessness. Participants with a higher level of education were less likely to report acute
and chronic cough. Participants with >5 years pack-years of smoking were more likely to report acute and chronic cough and breathlessness. Other risk factors included passive smoking, regular use of air conditioning and mosquito coils, wet spots and mould in the house, and exposure to dusty
jobs.CONCLUSION: We found breathlessness to be the most prevalent respiratory symptom and identified various risk factors for respiratory symptoms.
Impact of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Training on Case Identification and Management Skills Among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Developing Country: A Case-control Study
Authors: Lal Purushottam , Upadhyay Amit , Garg Sunil Kumar , Pandey Akash Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: In most developing countries, undergraduate medical students rely upon books published by foreign publications of developed countries. These books often fail to include World Health Organization (WHO) recommended guidelines, which are vital for the national health mission of developing countries. As a result, medical students who are “future doctors” continue to lack the necessary skills when they graduate from medical schools and start working in their countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of the inclusion of the WHO-recommended integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guideline in the curriculum of undergraduate students. Methods: This case-control study was done on a group of 72 undergraduate medical students in the case (trained) group who underwent 12 days of IMCI training and 92 undergraduate students in control (untrained) group who did not receive IMCI training. An evaluation test, which included clinical case scenarios, was conducted to assess the performance of participants from both trained and untrained groups. Results: Participants of the trained group scored significantly higher compared with the participants of the untrained group in the identification and management of major childhood illnesses (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between trained and untrained groups in the assessment of the immunization status of children. In the trained group, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.87) existed between the attendance percentage of participants during the training session and marks scored in the evaluation (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the community-oriented WHO recommended IMCI training significantly improves disease identification and case management skills of undergraduate medical students. In developing countries, there is an urgent need for updating medical pedagogy and curriculum, which include WHO guidelines in order to meet current health challenges.
School Staff-centered School Development by Communicative Action: Working Methods for Creating Collective Responsibility - From the Idea to Action
Authors: Hillen Stefanie A.
Published: January 2021

School development is often seen as a concerted (re-)action to educational policies, curriculum development, and change in education laws or regulations, and sometimes, as stakeholders’ reactions to low school performance. Generally, school development incorporates organizational, managerial, and educational activities and measures. This is done to adapt to the new situation to achieve the desired changes and goals initiated by a given curriculum reform. In contrast, this paper focuses on school staff–driven development: It describes how teachers together with paraprofessionals contribute to school-development. Using collective responsibility creating working methods of communication, the enactment of staff’s self-chosen measures will be possible. This school staff–driven school development approach makes use of the Dialogue Café and the reflection cycle. The combined use of these working methods is seen as appropriate support for school staff–centered development of the School-In project based on the idea of collective responsibility. The paper presents by the application of a qualitative content and visualization analysis, how the communicative action according to Habermas took place. This is the process from the individual participant’s ideas, through individual and group reflections to finally formulated measures that result in the school’s staff joint actions.
Atopic dermatitis in adults from sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiological and clinical patterns, severity, and quality of life
Authors: Kouotou Emmanuel Armand
Published: January 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatitis often associated with other atopic manifestations, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects of AD and to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients suffering from AD in our setting. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February through April 2017 in seven hospitals in Cameroon. The study included patients above 18 who presented themselves to a dermatology consultation, were diagnosed with AD, and gave their consent. To assess the severity of AD and evaluate the QoL of the patients, standardized scales, such as SCORAD and QoLIAD, were employed. Results: The study enrolled 46 patients between 18 and 69 years of age with a mean age of 31 ± 12 years and the prevalence of AD at 1.5%. Most of the participants were females, with a sex ratio of 0.4:1, living in urban areas (93.5%). Food (34.8%) and cosmetic products (21.7%) were found as the main risk factors in the occurrence of AD. Upon physical examination, the upper and lower limbs were found to be the most affected in 84.8% and 54.3% of cases, respectively; in addition to cutaneous xerosis (45.7%), lichenification (43.5%), and excoriations (37%). Of the 46 patients, 9 (20%) had severe AD, 32 (70%) had moderate AD, and 5 (10%) had mild AD. QoL was impaired in 43 of the 46 patients (93.5%). Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis is a pathology that impacts the QoL of adults. A QoL assessment is, therefore, an important step in the management of AD.
Tinea capitis mimicking alopecia areata
Authors: Moqadam Saber Dooqaei , Mofarrah Ramina , Amiri Kousar Jahani , Montazer Fatemeh , Barqi Anahita , Mofarrah Ramin
Published: January 2021

Tinea capitis (TC) is the most common dermatophyte scalp infection in children and an unusual dermatophytosis in adults. The clinical appearance of tinea capitis is highly variable and depends on the causative organism, type of hair invasion, and degree of the host inflammatory response. The commonly observed features are patchy hair loss with varying degrees of scaling and erythema. The clinical signs may be subtle and diagnosis may be challenging. We report the case of an adult patient with tinea capitis mimicking alopecia areata. The patient was initially diagnosed with alopecia areata and completed one month of treatment without clinical benefits. In view of no clinical signs of tinea capitis, a biopsy was performed. A scalp punch biopsy revealed an endothrix dermatophytosis. The patient’s medication was switched to 250 mg terbinafine daily for 8 weeks and 2% ketoconazole shampoo. The patient completed two months of therapy with maintenance of hair regrowth and resolution of symptoms and scales.
Dermatology residency research policies and support: A national USA survey
Authors: Anand Pratibha , Flaten Hania , Dunnick Cory , Dellavalle Robert
Published: January 2021

Background: Dermatology residency programs are considerably varied in regard to their resident research requirements and resources. The authors examined the availability of 12 key resident research-related criteria in 30 ACGME dermatology residency programs in the United States. Objective: To assess the degree to which dermatology residency programs require and support their new physician graduates in scholarly research. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a 12-item survey administered online that was informed and created by literature search, expert feedback, and a thorough review and revision process. The primary purpose of the study was to examine the differences in programs’ policies and structure around resident research. Results: Thirty out of 114 PDs (26%) responded to the survey. We found that while most programs had publication and QI project requirements for residents, the majority did not have required research rotations, research electives, or a formal mentorship program. Thus, in spite of a growing need for new physician–scientists coupled with the various benefits associated with conducting research during residency training, considerable hurdles dissuade new physician graduates from pursuing careers in clinical research. Conclusions: Our survey findings supply timely, objective data on dermatology resident research requirements across the country. Medical schools, residency programs, and the ACGME/ AMA may all find our results valuable in further enhancing, evolving, and systematizing dermatology residency policies and provisions.
Topical ivermectin in the treatment of pediculosis capitis
Authors: Husni Luma , Al-Waiz Makram
Published: January 2021

Background: Head lice infestation is considered a prominent issue because of its worldwide distribution, especially among children. Millions of children are infested with pediculosis capitis every year. The increasing rate of lice infestation has been reported even in the developed countries due to the resistance to known pediculicides. Besides, the louse is a vector for serious diseases, such as epidemic typhus fever. Objective: The aim of this work was the search for a new cheap and effective drug for pediculosis capitis. 2% ivermectin solution, a promising novel drug used for endoparasite and ectoparasite infections, was used in this study. Materials and Methods: This was a clinical trial study. The in vitro study was carried out in a period of five months. Samples of nits and lice were collected from female patients of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The study was conducted during a period from October 2002 through November 2003. One hundred fifty children from four primary schools in Hayy Al-A’amel, Baghdad, participated in this part of the study. The preparation was applied to the children by the author. One hundred children were tested with ivermectin solution and fifty children with rectified spirit. The first part of the study involved a parasitological evaluation (in vitro study) of pediculicidal and ovicidal activity, in which 4% ivermectin solution was discontinued because of contact dermatitis. Therefore, 2% ivermectin solution was used instead. Pediculicidal and ovicidal activity was examined half an hour afterward. The second part of the study involved a clinical evaluation (in situ study) of 2% ivermectin solution for half an hour. Results: Topical 2% ivermectin solution in rectified spirit is a good pediculicidal (100%) and a good ovicidal (88%) drug with good therapeutic efficacy (82% after the first application, 90% after the second application) against pediculosis capitis. Conclusion: The study described a novel topical preparation for pediculosis capitis, which was proven effective and safe.
The relevancy of patch testing in the exploration of the cutaneous side effects of herbal medicine
Authors: Seck Birame
Published: January 2021

Background: Data on the cutaneous side effects of herbal medicine is scarce, especially with regard to allergy skin testing. Our objective was to determine the relevancy of patch testing in the exploration of the cutaneous side effects of herbal medicine. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar over a one-year period. Patch tests were given to patients with cutaneous side effects related to the exclusive use of herbal medicine. The plants recovered were turned into macerates and powders and mixed with Vaseline at concentrations of 5%, 20%, and 30%. Results: Patch tests were given to 31 of the 53 patients included. They were positive in 11 patients (35.48%). Positive patients displayed systemic eczema (n = 7/15 of cases), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (n = 2/3), contact eczema (n = 1/1), and fixed pigmented erythema (n = 1/2). Positive tests were obtained for 11 medicinal plants identified: Jatropha chevalieri (n = 2), Terminalia avicennoïde (n = 2), Detarium microcarpum, Acacia seyal, Acacia albida, Acacia italic, Sesamum indicum, Mangifera indica, Momordica charantia, Nauclea latifolia, and Anogeisius leiocarpus (in one case each). There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of cutaneous side effect and the test result (p = 0.388) and between the nature of the plant used and the test result (p = 0.402). Conclusion: In view of their high rates of positivity, patch tests could prove promising in the exploration of the cutaneous side effects of herbal medicine.
Localized cutaneous argyria: a new observation
Authors: El Kadiri Selma , Baybay Hanane
Published: January 2021

A 27-year-old female, a radiotherapy technician, was referred to our consultation with a localized gray pigmentation of the perinasal area. The condition had been asymptomatic for its entire duration of 2 years. A dermatological examination found a localized bluish-gray pigmentation in the perinasal area. Dermoscopy revealed an annular bluish-gray patch. Her occupation involved the manufacture and micromanipulation of machines, which required handling pure iron, nickel, copper, and silver with bare hands. She also reported a tic of flaring the nose. A skin biopsy was performed and histology revealed deposits of fine granules in the basal cell layer of eccrine sweat glands and along the elastic fibers of the superficial dermis, conforming with the diagnosis of argyria. The patient was given laser Q-switching treatment and showed a measurable improvement. This case studies a currently rare dermatological curiosity. Argyria is a disease caused by chronic absorption of silver-rich materials. This is the first description of argyria following the manipulation of radiopaque caches with a tic of flaring the nose.
Dinámicas de integración comercial “por arriba” y “por abajo” entre las zonas francas de Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) e Iquique (Chile)
Authors: Stefoni Carolina , Mardones Pablo , Valdebenito Felipe
Published: January 2021

In this article, we analyze the integration between the two main and largest Free Trade Zones (FTZ) in South America: Ciudad del Este, in Paraguay, and ZOFRI, in Iquique, Chile. To do so, we review the historical background, the central characteristics and the commercial dynamics of each one of them. To understand the link between the two FTZs, we propose an integration model based on the dynamics of commercialization on two scales: “top-down” (capital investment, international trade agreements, state policies, and large-scale smuggling) and “bottom-up” (micro-scale trade, distribution, and smuggling). Unlike “top-down” and “bottom-up”, the more classical postulates of “transnationalism” that tend to assume that these are two levels that function independently, in this study, we show that both levels are completely interdependent and that this is the result of the overlapping of legal and illegal practices, as well as of formal and informal practices that occur in the marketing circuit between the two FTZs. Our methodological approach is based on focused interviews and ethnographic records, and on a review of specialized literature and institutional and press documents.
Genealogía del pensamiento económico feminista: las mujeres como sujeto epistemológico y como objeto de estudio en economía
Authors: Agenjo-Calderón Astrid
Published: January 2021

This work proposes a review and systematization of feminist research focused on exposing “the hidden feminized other” in the androcentric economic discourse. To this end, we review both the history of Western economic thought (from antiquity to the neoclassical approach of the 20th century), and the history of economics. Our intention is to recover women as objects of study, paying special attention to the private/domestic sphere, but also as epistemological subjects by rendering visible the contributions and criticisms of historically silenced women economists. Both areas of knowledge will be explored interrelatedly, in order to find common ground with the developments of feminist economics and to contribute to the construction of the genealogy of this current of thought.
Hacer el estado: carreteras, conflicto y órdenes locales en los territorios de las FARC
Authors: Uribe Simón , Otero-Bahamón Silvia , Peñaranda Isabel
Published: January 2021

In August of 2017, as part of the Peace Accords with the Colombian government, the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) presented an extensive list of assets to be destined toward the victims of the armed conflict. It included approximately 3,700 kilometers of roads, most of them located in areas of influence of this guerrilla group. In this article, we investigate the type of actors, collaborations, power relations and technologies that made the construction of roads possible in Puerto Guzmán, an Amazonian municipality with a prolonged FARC presence. We argue that the construction and transformation of these infrastructures over time enables us to understand the state as a co-production involving different dynamics and actors, including some antagonistic to the state order.
Las autorizaciones administrativas: bases conceptuales y jurídicas
Authors: Arancibia Mattar Jaime
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo aborda la naturaleza jurídica, características y fundamentos de las autorizaciones administrativas. Además, analiza la relación jurídica autorizatoria y sus derechos y obligaciones. Finalmente, distingue entre la autorización y figuras similares como las legalizaciones ope legis, las concesiones y los actos regulatorios.
Derecho a recurso, destitución y delegación de funcionarios públicos. Consideraciones en torno a un dictamen de la Contraloría General de la República
Authors: Ponce Correa Patricio
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo comenta el Dictamen Nº E30045-2020, emitido por la Contraloría General de la República en agosto de 2020, y aborda sus alcances en relación al derecho a recurso como mecanismo de impugnación administrativa frente a la aplicación específica de una medida disciplinaria expulsiva, así como también, en sus efectos generales respecto a la revisión jerárquica de un acto administrativo dictado en ejercicio de potestades delegadas.
Sociedades de inversión y patente municipal: legalidad tributaria e interpretación Comentario a la sentencia “Municipalidad de Lo Barnechea con Inversiones Los Peumos Limitada”, Rol 14927-2018, 25 Septiembre 2019, Casación en el Fondo, Corte Suprema, Primera Sala (Civil). Comentario a la sentencia “Municipalidad de Lo Barnechea con Inversiones Los Peumos Limitada”, Rol 14927-2018, 25 Septiembre 2019, Casación en el Fondo, Corte Suprema, Primera Sala (Civil)
Authors: Céspedes Rodrigo , García Jaime
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo comenta una sentencia de la Corte Suprema sobre el cobro de patente municipal a las sociedades de inversiones. Esta sentencia es novedosa hace excepción a la tendencia jurisprudencial marcada por el mismo Tribunal. Además, abunda en un corolario del principio de legalidad tributaria: la interpretación restrictiva, uno de los elementos más importantes del control del poder público y la garantía de los derechos individuales.
La exención de las empresas sanitarias de solicitar permisos municipales de construcción y urbanismo y su naturaleza “estatal” (Comentarios a la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia Rol 27.106-2019)
Authors: Herrera Orellana Luis Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo examina la sentencia dictada por la Corte Suprema de Justicia, el 30 de marzo de 2020, en el caso Aguas del Valle S.A. vs. Municipalidad de Ovalle, Rol 27.106-2019, para formular consideraciones críticas tanto al tratamiento dado por el fallo a las competencias municipales en materia de urbanismo y construcción frente a las competencias del Estado nacional en materia de edificación de obras sanitarias, para eximir a este último de la obligación legal de solicitar el permiso municipal de construcción, como a la asimilación de las empresas sanitarias al Estado.
ASISTENCIA RELIGIOSA DE LA POBLACIÓN EXTRANJERA EN RECINTOS HOSPITALARIOS: RAZA Y ETNIA COMO FACTORES DE DISCRIMINACIÓN DE COLECTIVO HAITIANO EN CHILE
Authors: Vergara Ceballos Fabiola
Published: January 2021

La intensificación de los flujos migratorios de haitianos, plantea al Estado chileno el desafío particular de arbitrar las medidas para que este colectivo acceda a la asistencia religiosa en los recintos hospitalarios en condiciones de igualdad la población nacional. Cuestión no exenta de problemas habida consideración de la discriminación racial y étnica de que es objeto dicho colectivo.
COMO PENSAR O DIREITO NA ATUALIDADE? DIÁLOGOS INTERDISCIPLINARES E TRANSDISCIPLINARES ENTRE DIREITO, CULTURA, RELIGIÃO E UTOPIAS NOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E CULTURAIS
Authors: Hahn Noli Bernardo , Angelin Rosângela
Published: January 2021

Através de uma análise de conceitos filosóficos e de abordagens socioantropológica e jurídica de perspectivas interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, neste artigo procura-se refletir acerca da seguinte questão: Como inter-relacionar Direito, cultura, religião e movimentos sociais a partir de uma visão paradoxal, dialética e complexa da vida que possibilite noções de justiça que combatam violências, inferiorizações e discriminações e, ao mesmo tempo, motivem vivências e experiências de utopias que fortaleçam relações humanas de superação de uma cultura de injustiças? Os estudos denotam que a humanidade é de condição terrena e linguística e aponta-se que a linguagem integra forças vitais paradoxais, dialéticas e complexas que possibilitam o surgimento de sonhos, de utopias e de uma pluralidade e diversidade de formas humanas de se viver. Tal entendimento é condição necessária para se conceber um Direito que integre como horizonte teleológico uma justiça em que não se discrimine, inferiorize e gere violências, além de impulsionar as pessoas a acreditarem em utopias neste horizonte de justiça, sonhos despertados em processos educativos de subjetivação e fortalecidos em Movimentos Sociais e Culturais.
LIBERTAD RELIGIOSA Y OBJECIÓN DE CONCIENCIA INSTITUCIONAL EN COLOMBIA: UN ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DE LA SENTENCIA T-738 DE 2015
Authors: Rojas Cristián , Contreras Pedro
Published: January 2021

El reconocimiento de la objeción de conciencia institucional en Colombia ha generado posturas contradictorias dentro de la interpretación que hace la Corte Constitucional del derecho fundamental a la libertad de conciencia. Aunque hay una postura que es vinculante y otras que no, actualmente los distintos pronunciamientos generan confusión en funcionarios, jueces y ciudadanos. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis a partir de la postura vinculante que reconoce la libertad religiosa y de conciencia a las instituciones (T–738 de 2015), observando que es la que se debe aplicar. Se evidencia también que las demás posturas que ha sostenido la jurisprudencia, además de no ser vinculantes, están basadas en un tratamiento poco riguroso de esas libertades fundamentales.