bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appropriating Pools: At Play in the Spaces of the City
Authors: Micah Trippe
Published: November 2016

This essay examines skateboarding as an architectural act of pleasure that allows private spaces in cities to be appropriated for alternative uses. In particular, the appropriation of swimming pools by skateboarders will be explored, from the renegade to the officially sanctioned, to explore socio-political aspects of space. The film Dogtown and Z-Boys (Stacy Peralta, 2001) provides a primary source for this examination, and will be used as a vehicle through which to examine these issues, particularly in Los Angeles. Recent appropriations of swimming pools in New York will provide a secondary reference. In Dogtown and Z-Boys, swimming pools form a playground in which skaters in 1970s Los Angeles re-appropriated urban space for their own use. This paper will argue that the appropriation of swimming pools by skateboarders has provided a viable venue for alternative uses of the city that include both play and dissent. By framing the history of swimming pools in late 20th century America, a case will be presented for how skateboarders’ appropriation of swimming pools in 1970s Los Angeles can provide clues to continual opportunities for alternative configurations and uses of twenty-first century urban space.
Communication guidelines for the nurses caring for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis
Authors: Kamenye Esther , Iipinge Scholastika , Van Dyk Agnes
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this article is to describe the communication guidelines for the nurses who are caring for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach was conducted to explore and describe how nurses communicate with patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at public health facilities in the Khomas region of Namibia. The findings revealed that the nurses caring for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at public health facilities in the Khomas Region of Namibia exhibited inadequate communication skills. Based on these findings, the guidelines were developed to enhance the communication skills of the nurses who are caring for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. These guidelines may be implemented in the health facilities that are providing tuberculosis treatment namely: hospitals, health centres, clinics and DOTs points.
Bowhead and Gray Whale Distributions, Sighting Rates, and Habitat Associations in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, Summer and Fall 2009–15, with a Retrospective Comparison to 1982–91
Authors: Clarke Janet T. , Kennedy Amy S. , Ferguson Megan C.
Published: November 2016

We analyzed data from line-transect aerial surveys for marine mammals conducted in the eastern Chukchi Sea (67˚–72˚ N, 157˚–169˚ W) in July to October of 2009–15 to investigate bowhead and gray whale distributions, behaviors, sighting rates, and habitat selection preferences, the last of which allowed direct comparison with results from data collected in this area in 1982–91. Bowhead whales use the eastern Chukchi Sea primarily for migrating between the Beaufort Sea and the Bering Sea, while gray whales use the area to feed on locally abundant benthic amphipods and other prey. Bowhead whales were observed during all survey months and were distributed up to 300 km offshore west and southwest of Point Barrow, Alaska, but without a defined migratory corridor in either summer (July-August) or fall (September-October). Bowhead whale sighting rates (whales per km on effort) were highest in the shelf/trough (51–200 m North) depth zone in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in both summer and fall. This pattern was reflected in habitat selection ratios, which found bowhead whales in summer and fall selecting primarily shelf/trough habitat in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, with shelf habitat (36 – 50 m) being preferred secondarily. Gray whales were observed in all survey months and were distributed primarily within ~95 km of shore between Point Barrow and Icy Cape in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, and about 60–115 km southwest of Point Hope in the southern Chukchi Sea. In both summer and fall, gray whale sighting rates and habitat selection ratios were highest in the shelf/trough (51–200 m South) depth zone in the southern Chukchi Sea. In the northeastern part of the study area, gray whale sighting rates and habitat selection ratios both identified coastal habitat (≤ 35 m) as preferred habitat in summer and shelf/trough (51–200 m North) as preferred habitat in fall. Distribution and habitat associations of bowhead and gray whales remained similar over the 34-year time span with one exception: gray whale preference for shelf/trough habitat in the southern Chukchi Sea is now evident throughout summer and fall, whereas three decades ago gray whale preference for that area was limited to fall only.
A local search algorithm for plug-and-play reconfiguration of interconnected systems
Authors: Bodenburg Sven , Lunze Jan
Published: November 2016

This paper proposes a novel method to organise the reconfiguration process of decentralised controllers after actuator
failures have occurred in an interconnected system. If an actuator fails in a subsystem, only the corresponding control
station should be reconfigured, although the fault has effects on other subsystems through the physical couplings. The
focus of this paper is on the organisation of the reconfiguration process without a central coordinator. Design agents
exist for each of the subsystems which store the subsystem model. A local algorithm is presented to gather models from
neighbouring design agents with the aim to set-up a model which describes the behaviour of the faulty subsystem including
its neighbours. Furthermore, local reconfiguration conditions are proposed to design a virtual actuator so as to guarantee
stability of the overall system. As a consequence, the design agents “play” together to gather the model of the faulty
subsystem before the reconfigured control station is “plugged-in” the control hardware. Plug-and-play reconfiguration
is illustrated by an interconnected tank system.
Carl Gustav Jung als Leser der ›Melusine‹?
Authors: Schnyder André
Published: November 2016

1730 saw the publication of a re-telling of the 1456 prose novel about the fairy Melusine. This new version dominated the book market until 1800 and decisively influenced the further development of the tale. We know that not only Goethe, who read the story as a young man, but even the founder of 20th century analytical psychology, Carl Gustav Jung, owned copies of these now rare prints. But did Jung actually read the novel in his precious collectorʼs item? And if so, how did he interpret it? Jung’s copy of the book and the 34 references to Melusine in his oeuvre can throw light on these questions.

Herzlicher Dank für die sorgfältige Anfertigung eines muttersprachlich gedachten Resümees geht an Frau Rosemarie Allemann, Wettingen.
Sup-norm bounds for Eisenstein series
Authors: Huang Bingrong , Xu Zhao
Published: November 2016

The paper deals with establishing bounds for Eisenstein series
on congruence quotients of the upper half plane, with control
of both the spectral parameter and the level. The key observation
in this work is that we exploit better the structure of the
amplifier by just supporting on primes for the Eisenstein series,
which can use both the analytic method as Young did to get a
lower bound for the amplifier and the geometric method as
Harcos–Templier did to obtain a more efficient treatment
for the counting problem.
The ℓ∞-semi-norm on uniformly finite homology
Authors: Diana Francesca , Löh Clara
Published: November 2016

Uniformly finite homology is a coarse homology theory, defined via
chains that satisfy a uniform boundedness condition. By
construction, uniformly finite homology carries a canonical

ℓ
∞

{\ell^{\infty}}

-semi-norm. We show that, for uniformly discrete spaces
of bounded geometry, this semi-norm on uniformly finite homology in
degree 0 with

ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}}

-coefficients allows for a new formulation of
Whyte’s rigidity result. In contrast, we prove that this semi-norm
is trivial on uniformly finite homology with

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

-coefficients in
higher degrees.
Treatment of Phenolic and Aromatic Amino Compounds in Polluted Waters by Photocatalytical Oxidation
Authors: Preis Sergei , Krichevskaya Marina , Terentyeva Yelena , Moiseev Anna , Kallas Juha
Published: November 2016

Improper handling of rocket fuel residues at abandoned military bases has resulted in heavy pollution of the soil and groundwater with aromatic amino compounds. A similar phenomenon is observed with ash dumps in which solid waste from oil shale thermal treatment is disposed: the ash dump leachate is heavily polluted with phenolic and other compounds, resistant to biological treatment. Experimental research of photocatalytical oxidation (PCO) of both classes of substances and polluted waters was undertaken. The influence of different parameters - pH, concentration of substances to be oxidised, character of substances formed during the PCO, presence of inorganic admixtures, effect of OH
Thermophotocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Organic Pollutants
Authors: Selvaggi Alessandro , David Alberto , Zappelli Piergiorgio
Published: November 2016

A new efficient apparatus for the destruction of toxic gaseous compounds has been developed. It consists of a reactor equipped with quartz windows, inside which a TiO
Hydrogen Peroxide/Iron Oxide -Induced Catalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Gurol Mirat D. , Lin Shu-Sung
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a novel heterogeneous catalytic oxidation process involving the use of hydrogen peroxide (H
Vacuum-UV Oxidation (H2O-VUV) with a Xenon Excimer Flow-Trough Lamp at 172 nm: Use of Methanol as Actinometer for VUV Intensity Measurement and as Reference Compound for OH-Radical Competition Kinetics in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Oppenländer Thomas , Schwarzwalder Rudi
Published: November 2016

During the past decade the intensive development of novel incoherent xenon excimer light sources emitting in the vacuum-UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum at λmax of 172 nm led to a renaissance of investigations that deal with the direct photolysis of water. Upon 172 nm excitation water molecules homolyze with formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms. In the presence of organic substrates and dissolved molecular oxygen a complex series of interrelated radical reactions is initiated leading to the oxidative degradation of the organic compounds and finally to their complete mineralization, i.e. to the diminution of the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the solution. This advanced oxidation process (AOP) is usually designated as H
A Laboratory Reactor for Photocatalytic Studies in Slurry Operation
Authors: Brandi R. J. , Martin C. A. , Alfano O. M. , Cassano A. E.
Published: November 2016

Slurry photocatalytic reactors are the most widely used reacting systems in applications concerning the use of solid catalysts to enhance the chemical reactivity of a large variety of chemical reactions conducted in the liquid phase. One particular aspect give to these reactions a unique characteristic: absorption of light by the solid can not be separated from scattering, turning more difficult the analysis of kinetic information and the design of practical reactors. This paper describes in a very succinct manner the way to perform a rigorous analysis of these reactions and reactors. Starting always from fundamental principles and using mathematical modeling as the main tool, we show the methods to tackle all problems derived from the system heterogeneities. The procedure is illustrated with the design and analysis of a laboratory reactor. The objective is the acquisition of kinetic parameters that must be independent of the reactor geometry, size and form of illumination. This type of information constitutes the only data that are useful for reactor design and scale-up.
TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation of Butyraldehyde, Ethylbenzene and PCE in the Air through Concentric Reactors
Authors: Li Kuyen , Liu Steven Y. C. , Huang Cunping , Esariyaumpai Suwadee , Chen Daniel H.
Published: November 2016

Nine glass concentric reactors (LD. from 19 to 94 mm) were constructed with a 4-watt UV lamp (1.5 cm O.D. × 11 cm length) located at the center. TiO
Synergetic Effects of Non-thermal Plasma and Catalysts on VOCs Decomposition
Authors: Song Young-Hoon , Cha Min Suk , Kim Yongho , Kim Kwan-Tae , Kim Seock Joon , Han So-Young , Choi Kyung-Il
Published: November 2016

Synergetic effects of non-thermal plasma and catalysts have been investigated to reduce the operating power needed to remove dilute VOCs in air. The present test results show that a non-thermal plasma reactor packed with Pt coated γ-Al
Development of Demonstration Plant Using Non-thermal Plasma Process to Remove SO2 and NOx from Flue Gas
Authors: Kim You-Seok , Paek Min-Su , Yoo Jeong-Seok , Kim Tae-Hee , Choi Seok-Ho , Moon Kil-Ho
Published: November 2016

To remove SO
Approach of the Physical and Chemical Specific Properties of Pulsed Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Air at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Odic E. , Dhainaut M. , Petit M. , Goldman A. , Goldman M. , Karimi C.
Published: November 2016

Investigations were carried out on point-to-plane dielectric barrier discharges with two different gas gap lengths (d = 0 and 2 mm), energized with two different high voltage power supplies providing one an ac signal at 15 kHz and the other a pulsed signal with a same repetition rate. Correlations between the electrical properties and the behavior of the plasma in these different situations were established through ozone generation, and by the way O radicals net production, checking for this purpose that in our operating conditions gas­heating influence remained minor. Using the representation ozone concentration vs. charge amount transferred through current pulses, the specific electrical and thus physical properties of pulsed surface discharges are put in light; in these discharges, compared to ac and pulsed volume discharges, current pulses exhibit, for a given charge per pulse, the highest amplitudes and the shortest durations.
Characteristics of Nitric Monoxide Generation Using High Frequency Silent Discharge
Authors: Yamagata Yukihiko , Murayama Ken-ichi , Ikegami Tomoaki , Ebihara Kenji
Published: November 2016

We have studied the nitric monoxide (NO) generation using non-thermal discharge plasma. In order to make clear the influence of the electrode configuration on the generation characteristics of the NO molecule, a multiple-needles - plane and a plane - plane electrodes were used to generate the high frequency (10 kHz) silent discharge. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to the y band transition (X
Development of Photocatalyst Plasma Air Cleaning Filter Used in Air Conditioner
Authors: Lee Sung Hwa
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this work is to develop a high efficiency air cleaning system for air pollutants such as particles, odor and suspended microbes in indoor air. In order to enhance a removal efficiency of odor pollutants, we suggested that pulsed discharge plasma be combined with TiO
Decomposition of VOC in Air Using a Streamer Corona Discharge Reactor Combined with Catalyst
Authors: Ohkubo Toshikazu , Li Duan , Yakushiji Daisuke , Kanazawa Seiji , Nomoto Yukiharu
Published: November 2016

In this study, the improvement in the decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated by combining discharge plasma with catalyst. DC streamer corona plasma reactors combined with a catalyst were developed. The basic configuration of the reactors is a multineedle-to-plane mesh electrode system. By changing the position of catalyst against the plasma region, several reactors were developed and compared with each other. As a catalyst, a honeycomb catalyst (Mn type) was tested. A catalyst layer was located between the needles and plane mesh electrodes (type A reactor), or the catalyst layer was placed just behind the mesh electrode (type B reactor). In other reactors, the catalyst layer was followed by the needles-to- plane mesh electrode system (type C reactor) or the catalyst layer was removed (type D reactor). The needles- to-plane mesh electrode system produced the stable streamer corona discharge. The streamers covered the surface of the catalyst layer in the type A and type B reactors. However, the characteristics of the streamer were different for the type A and type B reactors. Toluene (C
NOx Removal from Diesel Engine Exhaust by Ozone Injection Method
Authors: Yoshioka Yoshio , Sano Kazuyoshi , Teshima Kentarou
Published: November 2016

NOx removal method by non-thermal discharge has some problems like contamination of reactor by soot and low energy efficiency to reduce NOx. The energy efficiency of NO removal is known as around 20g/kWh, but it decreases at higher NO oxidation rate. This degradation comes from the reverse reaction of NO
Progress in the Visualization of Filamentary Gas Discharges. Part 1: Milestones and Diagnostics of Dielectric-barrier Discharges by Cross-correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Wagner Hans-Erich , Brandenburg Ronny , Kozlov Kirill V.
Published: November 2016

Filamentary gas discharges at atmospheric pressure, namely dielectric-barrier discharges and coronas, produce highly non-equilibrium plasmas in a controllable way at a moderate gas temperature. They provide the effective generation of atoms, radicals and excited species by energetic electrons. Consequently, they have found many applications, among others in environmental protection. The controlled application of these discharges requires a good understanding of their physical properties and the knowledge of the basic plasma parameters. Milestones on this way and the progress in the plasma diagnostics are listed of. Recently, the technique of spatially resolved cross-correlation spectroscopy (CCS) (with a resolution in the sub-ns and sub-mm range) has been used to contribute to a better understanding of these discharges. The application of the CCS method is described in more detail.
Plasma Destruction of Toxic Chloroorganic Wastes Towards Zero Residues
Authors: Cedzyńska Krystyna , Kolaciński Zbigniew
Published: November 2016

The most effective decomposition methods were chosen for chloroorganic compounds on the basis of thermochemical calculations. The two rotating arc plasma reactors have been applied in these waste destruction processes. Gaseous products with high calorific values were obtained from simple chloroorganic compounds. PCB congeners with a high chlorine content were melted with chosen oxides yielding a useful solid product.
Plasma Generated in Barrier Discharges and Hydrogen Peroxide Applied to the Removal of BTX-Hydrocarbons by Their Oxidation
Authors: Jaroszyńska Justyna
Published: November 2016

The presented work has applied model water solutions saturated with Benzene, Toluene, Xylene and their mixtures. They have been subdued to an ozonization process in static and dynamic conditions. Nonequilibrium plasma has been obtained in a tubular ozonizer made of stainless steel equipped with a glass dielectric. Discharges have been generated by sinusoid current of (3.5kV, 4kV, 5kV 5.9kV voltage at carrier gas flow rate of 50 dcm3/h). Dissolved oxidizing mixture (03+02) has been applied to benzene and toluene water solutions under static conditions for 20 min. Benzene and Toluene water solutions have also been exposed to hydrogen dioxide under the same conditions. The compound content in the solutions has been subdued to extraction in methylene dichloride prior to the plasma application and after the process completion. Quality and quantity analyses have been performed by means of gas chromatography with the application of flame-Ionization detection. In static conditions a decomposition rate reaching 97% has been obtained for Benzene and Toluene. The biggest drop of the hydrocarbon content has been observed in the case of Xylene and the smallest one - in the case of Benzene. Obtained results have been summarized and compared by means of a Chromax 2003 and presented in a graphical form.
DC Glow Discharges in Atmospheric Pressure Air
Authors: Machala Zdenko , Marode Emmanuel , Laux Christophe O. , Kruger Charles H.
Published: November 2016

We present experimental investigations of DC glow discharges in atmospheric pressure air with the aim of producing nonequilibrium air plasmas with high electron density (~10
Influence of Ammonia on NOx Removal in Corona Discharge-Molecular Sieve Hybrid System
Authors: Dors M. , Mizeraczyk J. , Nichipor G. V.
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work was to investigate NO
High-Grade Disinfection Using High-Density Ozone Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides
Authors: Ohkawa Hiroshi , Akitsu Tetsuya , Ohtsuki Kayoko , Ohnishi Masatoshi , Tsuji Masao
Published: November 2016

High-grade disinfection was investigated in high-density ozone excited by a dielectric barrier discharge. The experimental result indicated complete disinfections of Bacillus atrophaeus, a spore forming bacterium and Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been achieved for the surface exposed high density ozone on metallic career with smooth surface or Exafine, a type of hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane impression material with complex surface.
Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides
Authors: El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Tutunji Maha F. , Derwish Ghazi A. W. , Musleh Salem M.
Published: November 2016

Metal oxides of titanium, vanadium, manganese and iron were deposited on the native Jordanian diatomaceous clay. The chemical and structural properties of the prepared samples were investigated using SEM, XRF, ICP, XRD and FTIR techniques. The diatomaceous clay supported metal oxides were used in preliminary experiments to explore their interaction with aqueous phenol solution under thermal and photochemical conditions, in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the metal oxides have interacted with the diatomaceous clay and caused some structural changes. These were reflected in the surface area of the samples and their activity in the phenol reactions.
Studies of the Effect of Hydroxyl Radicals on Photosynthesis Pigments of Phytoplankton in Ship's Ballast Water
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Bai Mindong , Bai Xiyao , Yang Bo , Bai Mindi , Zhou Xiaojian
Published: November 2016

A pilot-scale system of 20 t/h for the treatment of ship’s ballast water and the setup of dissolved hydroxyl radical was introduced in this paper. With this experimental system, the kill efficiencies of bacteria, mono-algae, protozoan reach 100% within 2.67 s when dissolved OH· concentration is 0.6 mg/L. At the same time, the effect of hydroxyl radicals on the photosynthesis pigments of phytoplankton was done. The results indicate that the contents of chlorophyl-a, chlorophyl-b, chlorophyl-c and carotenoid are decreased to 35 ~ 64% within 8.0 s further to the lowest limit of test after 5 min. When dissolved OH· ratio concentration is 0.68 mg/L, the attenuation efficiencies of photosynthesis pigment are 100%. Therefore the invasive marine species can be killed in the process of the inputting and discharge ship’s ballast water.
Voltage-Current Characteristics of Nitrogen High-Current Glow Discharge
Authors: Takaki K. , Hosokawa M. , Sasaki T. , Mukaigawa S. , Fujiwara T.
Published: November 2016

Voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of nitrogen glow discharges at 10 torr gas pressure were obtained in a wide discharge current range from 10 mA to 250 A using parallel-plane electrodes. A low inductance capacitor of 1.89 μF and a discharge apparatus with co-axial configuration were used to produce a nitrogen glow discharge with high current. The time-dependent glow voltage was obtained accurately by solving the circuit equation using the measured values of the current and breakdown voltage. Damping resistor was employed to control the glow discharge current and was altered from 0.6 to 225 Ω in order to obtain the V-I characteristics in a wide current range. The glow discharge voltage was almost constant until the whole surface of the cathode was covered with glow, i.e., until the discharge current became 3.0 A under our experimental condition. The voltage, however, increased with the current when the glow covered over the cathode. Electron density and temperature in a positive column of the glow discharge at 250 A discharge current were obtained to 7.4×10
Plasma Oxidation Process of Silicon Surfaces Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Shinohara Masanori , Katagiri Teruaki , Iwatsuji Keitaro , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Kimura Yasuo , Niwano Michio , Fujiyama Hiroshi
Published: November 2016

Plasma oxidation processes of hydrogen-terminated Si(100), (110), and (111) surfaces are investigated by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) in multiple internal reflection (MIR) geometry. We measured IRAS spectra of hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces exposed to oxygen-plasma in the Si-H stretching vibration region. IRAS data demonstrated that oxygen-plasma affects two influences on the Si surfaces; one is that oxygen-plasma removes surface hydrogen to oxidize the Si surfaces. The other is that it forces the hydrogen into the subsurface regions where oxygen species cannot reach. The former effect does not depend on the crystal graphic orientations, but the latter depends on it. Therefore, in order to oxidize perfectly the H-terminated Si surfaces using oxygen-plasma, the sample surfaces need to be heated so that oxygen atoms can diffuse into the subsurface regions.
Investigation of Helicon-Wave Discharge in a Low Magnetic Field Using Molecular and Rare Gases
Authors: Sato Genta , Fujimoto Kayoko , Oohara Wataru , Ishida Hiroyasu , Hatakeyama Rikizo
Published: November 2016

The helicon-wave discharge is performed in a low magnetic field B
The Modification of Carbon Included Polyethylene Surface by Plasma Treatment for Metallizing Using a Low Pressure RF Discharge Plasma
Authors: Lee Jeou-Long , Liu Chung-Ming , Ting Kuen , Cheng Wei-Kung , Tsuchida Takayoshi , Hiramatsu Kenichi , Ono Shigeru , Teii Shinriki
Published: November 2016

Surface modification of the carbon included polyethylene (semi-conductive PE) surface for metallizing using a low pressure RF discharge plasma has been carried out. The contact angle was used as a measure of the wettability of the PE surface. The roughness and the chemical bondings in PE surface layer were analized by DFM and XPS, respectively. Typical results show that the contact angle decreases from approximately 94° to below 10° after several minutes' treatment and recovers to a saturation value when it was put open to the air after treatment. The saturation value of the contact angle is smaller as the gas pressure for treatment is higher and the treatment time is longer but all are below approximately 60° which is still smaller than that of untreated. DFM and XPS results show that the surface roughness and the bondings C-O and C=O in the PE surface layer also increase with increasing the treatment time and seem to be responsible for improving the hydrophilic property of PE. After pretreatment process, nickel was coated on the PE sheet by electrodeposition method and a good adhesion between the nickel layer and the PE surface compared with that of untreated was obtained.
Catalytic and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of γ-Al2O3 in a Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Roland Ulf , Holzer Frank , Pöppl Andreas , Kopinke Frank-Dieter
Published: November 2016

In order to evaluate the potential of the combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP) and in situ heterogeous catalysis (plasma catalysis) for the improvement of efficiency and selectivity towards total oxidation of organic pollutants, the impact of plasma processes inside the inner pore volume of porous materials was investigated by means of catalytic reactions and spectroscopy. Besides studying the conversion of organic model substances, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to detect both the formation of radical species by the NTP and the initiation of structural changes to the catalyst. The presence of short-lived oxidizing species and plasma effects in the inner pore volume of porous catalysts (alumina in this case) could be clearly shown by detecting a significant influence on the oxidation process and the formation of a paramagnetic site which can be correlated to an aluminum peroxide radical: Al-O-O. The relatively stable paramagnetic center (lifetime > 14 days) was formed by the NTP independently of the gas atmosphere, namely its oxygen content. The signal was not significantly affected by the application of reducing agents to the sample.
Indoor Formaldehyde Oxidation by Needle Matrix to Plate Corona Discharge
Authors: Zhu Y. , Wang X. , Zhang M. , Su P. , Chen H.
Published: November 2016

This work studies the removal efficiency of indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) by a needle matrix to plate discharge reactor in a 90 m
Ozone Production by Primary and Secondary Streamers in Pulsed Positive Corona Discharge
Authors: Ono Ryo , Oda Tetsuji
Published: November 2016

The energy efficiencies of ozone production by the primary and secondary streamers are studied in pulsed positive corona discharge. In a 20-kV dry air discharge, the two-dimensional distribution of ozone density shows that most of ozone is distributed in the secondary streamer channel, not in the primary one. It demonstrates that most of ozone is produced by the secondary streamer. However, the energies consumed by the primary and secondary streamers are estimated to be approximately equal in the 20-kV discharge. This result indicates that the energy efficiency of ozone production by the secondary streamer is much higher than that by the primary one. It is shown that high voltage operation is favorable for ozone production because the rise in voltage increases the ratio of energy consumed by the secondary streamer to that consumed by the primary one.
Hybrid Gas/Liquid Electrical Discharge Reactors with Zeolites for Colored Wastewater Degradation
Authors: Kušić Hrvoje , Koprivanac Natalija , Peternel Igor , Locke Bruce R.
Published: November 2016

Hybrid gas/liquid electrical discharge reactors have been used to degrade an organic dye in the presence and absence of zeolites. Simultaneous gas and liquid phase electrical discharges in the hybrid parallel and hybrid series reactors have been shown in previous work to lead to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the liquid phase and ozone in the gas phase. These reactors differ in their electrode configuration, and in previous work it was shown that the ozone levels in the parallel reactor are seven times higher than in the series reactor (3000 ppm and 450 ppm, respectively), while both reactors produce the same levels of hydrogen peroxide (4.9 × 10
CF4/O2/He Reaction Chemistry in an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Kim Yongho , Teslow Hilary L. , Park Jaeyoung , Rosocha Louis A. , Herrmann Hans W.
Published: November 2016

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) operated with a CF
Decoloration of Organic Dye in Water by Pulsed Discharge Plasma Generated Simultaneously in Gas and Liquid Media
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Kon-no Daigo , Ohshima Takayuki , Sugiarto Anto Tri
Published: November 2016

A new process for decomposing organic contaminants in water was proposed. Pulsed discharge plasma was generated in the gas phase, and the produced plasma was permeated through a pinhole into the water phase. Water (upper) and gas (lower) were separated by an insulating plate, where a pinhole was perforated at the center of the plate. Gas was bubbled into the water phase through the pinhole. In the gas phase, the high voltage pulse was applied between the needle electrode and the ground electrode (immersed in the water phase). The high voltage pulsed discharge plasma was generated in the gas phase, simultaneously the plasma channel was permeated into the water phase accompanying by the gas bubbles. The water phase plasma produced a lot of active species, UV light, and high-energy electrons. Porous ceramic tube was tried to use for producing water phase plasma, instead of the insulating plate in a pinhole reactor. It was observed that the gas phase plasma also permeated through many small pores into the water and generated streamer discharge in water. Chicago sky blue aqueous solution was effectively decolored with oxygen gas bubbling than the cases of argon gas and air. With applying pulsed voltage of 20 kV and pulse frequency of 25 Hz with 500 mL/min oxygen bubbling, the dye aqueous solution with 10 ppm initial concentration was decolored about 95% in 10 min treatment. The decoloration rate increased with increasing electrical conductivity of the solution. This type of simultaneous discharge plasma reactor is expected to have high-energy efficiency degradation rate.
Dependence of NOx Removal by Pulsed Streamer Discharge on the Input Energy Density to Nitric Oxide Ratio
Authors: Wang Douyan , Namihira Takao , Katsuki Sunao , Akiyama Hidenori
Published: November 2016

Non-thermal plasma produced by pulsed power discharges in atmospheric pressure gases have been studied for the treatment of exhaust gases. In this paper, results are reported of short duration of tens of nanoseconds pulsed power applied to a mixture of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor, simulating flue gases to remove nitrogen oxide (NOx). The effects of the initial NO concentration and the pulsed repetition rate on the percentage of NO removal are reported. The results showed that all NO could be removed completely at different pulse repetition rates. NO removal ratio reached 100% at (3.2 ± 0.1) × 10
Biodegradability Enhancement of Wastewater Containing 4-Chlorophenol by Means of Photo-Fenton
Authors: Bacardit Jordi , Hultgren Anders , García-Molina Verónica , Esplugas Santiago
Published: November 2016

The aim of the present work is to study the biodegradability enhancement of a wastewater containing a non-biodegradable compound, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), using a so-called Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) named Photo-Fenton (Ph-F). The location of this study is in a more complex project the aim of which is the connection of this AOP with a biological treatment. The parameters to be studied are the initial concentrations of Fe
Experimental and Modelling Approach for the Comparison of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Processes. Preliminary Results
Authors: Le Truong Giang , Bermond Alain
Published: November 2016

The Electro-Fenton is one of the processes based on the Fenton reaction, which have been investigated to improve the efficiency of classical Fenton treatment. The Electro-Fenton has been shown to be efficient in the degradation of many organic compounds. However, generally there is no true estimation of its efficiency compared to that of the classical Fenton process. This study aimed to compare the two processes using an experimental approach and modelling. First of all, degradation of hydrogen peroxide (externally applied) was studied. It was shown that the Electro-Fenton process needs smaller quantities of iron (5 times less) than the Fenton to decompose the same quantity of hydrogen peroxide. The Electro-Fenton process may also produce hydrogen peroxide in situ (oxygen reduction). This leads to an important reduction in the consumption of chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, small quantities of iron salt). Finally, a study of the degradation of phenol, when hydrogen peroxide was electrogenerated has shown the greater efficiency of Electro-Fenton compared to the Fenton process.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants: Kinetics and Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Tungudomwongsa Haruthai , Leckie James , Mill Theodore
Published: November 2016

The rates and products of photooxidation of ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac and naproxen, pharmaceuticals emerging as contaminants in wastewater, were examined in UV-irradiated TiO
Semiconductor Mediated Photocatalysed Degradation of a Pesticide Derivative, Acephate in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Rahman M. Atiqur , Qamar M. , Muneer M. , Bahnemann D.
Published: November 2016

The photocatalysed degradation of a pesticide derivative, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid O,S-dimethyl ester, (Acephate, 1) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
LIF Observation of Ground-State OH Radicals in DC Nozzle-to-Plane Positive Streamer Corona
Authors: Kocik M. , Mizeraczyk J. , Kanazawa S. , Ohkubo T.
Published: November 2016

In this study, the planar LIF detection of the hydroxyl (OH) radicals was performed in a nozzle-to-plane electrode system having an electrode gap of 30 mm during the steady-state positive streamer corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. For monitoring the ground-state OH radicals, OH transition at 282 nm was used. The two-dimensional OH distribution in the DC corona discharge in air/H
A Study on a Diode-Bridge Type Differential Capacitance Detection Circuit
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Pawłat Joanna , Liang Jinxing , Kunitomo Ken , Ueda Toshitsugu
Published: November 2016

Differential capacitance sensor with movable electrodes is usually applied for accelerometers, pressure gauges, etc. because of its high sensitivity and resolution. Two axis inclination sensor with differential capacitance structure using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology has recently been designed for industrial and environmental purposes. The initial capacitance of the sensor should be very low, as few pF, therefore, a C-V converter circuit, which is able to detect very small capacitance variations is required. In this study, the particular principle of a “diode-bridge type differential capacitance detection circuit” has been analyzed. After the mathematical simulations performed by using PSpice simulator, the detection of the capacitance variations in fF order resolution are considered.
Development of Agricultural Soil Sterilization Using Ozone Generated by High Frequency Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Ebihara Kenji , Takayama Masahiro , Ikegami Tomoaki , Ogata Kouichi , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Gyoutoku Yutaka , Sakai Takamasa
Published: November 2016

We have developed the ozone generation system suitable for soil sterilization and ozone supplying system into the soil. The coaxial dielectric barrier discharge produced the ozone with high concentration at high efficiency. Injection of the on- site generated ozone gas into the soil resulted in decreasing soil pathogen and changing chemical properties of the soil. We studied ozone sterilization of agricultural soil when it was treated by varying ozone dosages and process duration. The temporal and spatial properties of the soil were monitored using the pH and electrical conductivity. The bacteria populations, pathogen and soil-borne fungi were measured after various ozone treatment procedures. 100g/m3 of ozone was injected into the soil at a flow rate of 2 liter/min during 60 min. The pH shows drastic change in 40 min that will be one of indexes indicating the sterilization level. In this treatment 100% of the bacteria in the agricultural soil was killed.
Modeling of the Temperature Distribution in Arc Discharge Plasma Reactor
Authors: Diatczyk Jarosław , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Komarzyniec Grzegorz
Published: November 2016

For pollution control the non-thermal plasma seems to be the most convenient source of energetic electrons and chemically active species. In the electrical discharges the non-thermal plasma condition at atmospheric pressure can be obtained with fast gas flow through the discharge chamber volume, like in DC glow discharge or AC gliding arc discharge. The electrons temperature and its volumetric distribution is one of the fundamental parameters that should be study if we want to obtain the non-equilibrium low temperature plasma conditions in given geometry of the plasma reactor. These conditions depend on the kind of plasma gas and its velocity, geometry of the gliding arc reactor and on parameters of the power supply system. Paper presents a simplified mathematical model of the two -electrode gliding arc reactor to determine electron temperature and its distribution. Results of calculations are useful for selection of the power supply systems parameters and their design as to ensure the non-equilibrium state of gliding arc discharge plasma. Further calculations aim at three-and multielectrode reactors and three-dimension temperature distribution.
Analysis of Acoustic Signal in the MICRO Discharges Using Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Sasahara Daiki , Ebihara Kenji , Ikegami Tomoaki , Tsuda Ryoichi
Published: November 2016

To examine the tracking phenomenon that was one of the main causes of fire breaking, fundamental experiments were carried out. To one of the electrodes AC high voltage was applied. The following samples: the mesh plate, the flat ribbon cable and the ignition plug were prepared as the electrode. Current, voltage waveforms of micro discharge and the sound signal detected by the condenser microphone were stored in the Hi-coder memory. In this paper, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was applied to determine the acoustic sound of the micro discharge and to study its dominant frequency components. Additionally, the energy distribution of acoustic signal was examined by CWT, when the frequency of power supply increased from 10 kHz to 30 kHz.
Modification of Polymer Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Barrier Discharges
Authors: Sťahel Pavel , Buršíková Vilma , Šíra Martin , Navrátil Zdeněk , Kloc Petr , Janča Jan
Published: November 2016

The objective of the present work is the development of a technique for the deposition of thin films, by means of an atmospheric pressure discharge, onto a pulp board surface, with the desired surface energy, permeability and wear resistant surface. The deposition of thin films was carried out by a surface barrier discharge at the atmospheric pressure. The films were deposited from mixtures of C
FTIR Studies of the Surface of TiO2, Fe-TiO2 and Fe-C-TiO2 Photocatalysts in Phenol Oxidation Via the Photo-Fenton Process
Authors: Tryba Beata , Inagaki Michio , Toyoda Masahiro , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

Anatase type TiO
Enhancement and Modeling of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzoic Acid
Authors: San Nevim , Kılıç Murat , Tuiebakhova Zoya , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of benzoic acid in the presence of TiO
Modeling of the Photocatalytic Degradation Reactions of Aromatic Pollutants: A Solvent Effect Model
Authors: Kılıç Murat , San Nevim , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic degradation reaction of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene has been modeled theoretically. With the intention of predicting the primary intermediates and the product distribution, geometry optimizations of the reactants, the product radicals and transition state complexes have been performed with the semi-empirical PM3 method. The molecular orbital calculations have been carried out by an SCF method using RHF or UHF formalisms. Solvation effects have been computed by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using COSMO as the solvation model. Based on the results of the quantum mechanical calculations, the rate constants of the four possible reaction paths have been calculated by means of Transition state Theory. Three predictors have been determined for the prediction of the most probable transition state and the reaction path. A branching ratio for each of the reaction paths has been calculated and the most probable intermediate has been determined. Finally, the results obtained have been compared to the experimental results in order to assess the reliability of the proposed model.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue on Fixed Powder Layers: Which Limitations are to be Considered?
Authors: Tschirch Jessica , Dillert Ralf , Bahnemann Detlef
Published: November 2016

On the national (DIN) and international (ISO) level the determination of the photonic efficiency of the light-driven decolorization of methylene blue (MB) solutions in contact with a photocatalyst is currently being discussed as a standard method for testing and comparison of photocatalytic coatings. In this context it is necessary to make sure that the photocatalytic reaction of MB is a simple and robust method that meets the requirements of non-specialised laboratories in industry. Therefore, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied using a fixed layer of Degussa P25 on soda lime glass as the photocatalyst substrate. The influence of the initial concentration of MB and of the intensity of the incident UV(A) light on the initial reaction rate and on the photonic efficiency was investigated in detail. It was observed, that both the initial concentration of MB as well as the incident light intensity strongly influences the degradation rate. Increasing the initial concentration of MB resulted in an increase of the initial reaction rate with a characteristic curvature in the direction of the concentration axis. The initial reaction rate was found to be not directly proportional to the incident light intensity. An increase of the photonic efficiency with decreasing initial MB concentration and decreasing light intensity was observed. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate law is used to discuss the implications of these observations with regard to the proposed standard method for testing and comparison of photocatalytic coatings.
Surface Modification of TiO2 with Ascorbic Acid for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Mert E. Hilal , Yalçın Yelda , Kılıç Murat , San Nevim , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic activity of TiO
Vacuum-UV- (VUV-) Photochemically Initiated Oxidation of Dimethylamine in the Gas Phase
Authors: Fethi Fouad , López-Gejo Juan , Köhler Martin , Braun André M.
Published: November 2016

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV-) photochemical oxidation of dimethylamine in the gas phase was investigated in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen and water vapor. Primary intermediate products of the oxidative degradation were identified by the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the product distribution was determined for different experimental conditions. The evolution of the substrate concentration was followed by on-line gas chromatography. The production of CO
Remediation of Water Contaminated with Pesticides by Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation Process Electro-Fenton
Authors: Abdessalem Aida Kesraoui , Oturan Nihal , Bellakhal Nizar , Dachraoui Mohamed , Oturan Mehmet A.
Published: November 2016

The mineralization of pesticides chlortoluron, carbofuran and bentazone aqueous solutions in acidic medium of pH 3 was studied by electro-Fenton process using a carbon felt cathode and a platinum anode. This advanced oxidation process allows the formation of hydroxyl radical (