bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCIENTIFIC IMPACT OF ARCHITECTURAL INDOOR AUGMENTED REALITY 3D DIGITAL REPRESENTATIONS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Interior Architecture, International Hellenic University, Greece., Kouzeleas Stelios
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on the scientific impact of 3D digital spatial representations in indoor architectural buildings via Augmented Reality (AR) techniques. These 3D spatial representations refer to both changes of proposed structures, design and collaboration process, guiding visitors experiences, simulations of interdisciplinary information, as well as architectural design, building geometry and modeling process in AR environment. It analyses only the scientific impact of these 3D representations aspects, highlights the innovative representation aspects and quotes main limitations and perspectives.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOW DOSE INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND CLONIDINE AS ADJUVANT TO BUPIVACAINE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SPINAL BLOCK
Authors:   Senior Resident, Dept of Paediatrics, Tripura Medical College, Hapania, Tripura., Sarkar Chayan , Jain Sudha ,   Assoc Professor, Dept of Anaesthesiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra., Tidke Sucheta ,   Professor and HOD, Dept of Paediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra., Debnath Moumita ,   Junior Resident, Dept of Biochemistry, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura.
Published: March 2022

Background: To evaluate the effect of low dose intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine on characteristics of spinal block . A total of 60 patients , scheduled for lower abdominal , lower limb and gynaecological procedures were selected to participate in this prospective , randomised double blind study . After injecting the drug time were noted (T0) and the patient were turned to supine position . Following observation were recorded :Onset of time of sensory block(T1) ,Level of sensory block(LMAX), Time to achieve maximum sensory block level(T3), Onset of motor block(T2) , Peak level of motor blockade(T4) were assessed by using Bromage score . Results: The results of outcome variables were suggestive of improved effect of addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to 0.5 % Bupivacaine (heavy) on Quality of blockade Conclusions: Improved quality of block in dexmedetomidine group compared to clonidine can be applicable in improving the duration of block in surgical cases requiring prolonged block.
STUDY ON OVARIAN TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Mukherjee Bijoya
Published: March 2022

Background of study: International treatment guidelines dedicated to children and adolescents are not yet established, hence need for such studies like ours is required to throw light on demographic variations of ovarian tumors and developing specific guidelines for their management. Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive longitudinal study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology from Feb 2018 to July 2019. According to prevalence in our setup, 50 cases of adolescent girls and children were taken for study and subjected to thorough clinical assessment and investigations. After proper diagnosis, surgery was performed in all cases and depending upon histopathology and cytology, adjuvant chemotherapy was given in selected cases. Patients were followed up till 6 months after discharge. Results: The most common symptom was found to be abdominal pain (42%) , most common sign abdominal mass (38%). Out of 50 cases, 12% were found to be malignant, all of germ cell origin. Epithelial tumors were found to be the most common ovarian tumors(52%) up to 20 years of age, out of which benign tumors had 48% epithelial origin. However, up to 10 years of age, germ cell tumors were found to be the most common (75%). Only 1 malignant case expired, belonging to mixed germ cell variety of advanced stage. Conclusion: Ovarian neoplasm is highly challenging, especially in adolescents and children due to the need for fertility preservation. Early detection, optimal therapy and intense follow up with psychological support to patients and families are the mainstay of treatment.
PREVALENCE OF USING DENTAL WATER FLOSSER DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT IN SAUDI ARABIAN POPULATION(JEDDAH REGION)
Authors: A.M. ElShiekh Marwa , Ebrahim Alharbi Bashayer , Ahmed Alesayi Reem , Abdullah Albakri Rahaf , Mohammed Alharbi Futon
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment has many clear benefits for reinforcement the function, esthetics, and self-respect in patients. However, as any treatment, there are risks and complications in associated with such treatment, as it can cause gingivitis, enamel demineralization and tooth decay. Supreme self-care as tooth brushing and interdental cleaning using the adjuncts besides regular professional cleaning must be strengthened. Comparing the use of conventional manual toothbrush to the Dental Water Flosser with Orthodontic Tip on bleeding and plaque biofilm reductions with fixed orthodontic was done. The results showed that dental water flosser with a jet tip was effective in fixed orthodontic and it revealed favorable results for decreasing plaque and bleeding. Aim: to identify the awareness of patients about the use of dental water flosser and its effect on the oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods:-A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling technique was done. Sample size was calculated according to Cochrans formula (n=341). A questionnaire was prepared and translated to Arabic for ease in understanding. The content and linguistic validity of the questionnaire was checked by expert team of peers. The questionnaire was entered in google forms and mailed to the participants. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by Cronbachs Alpha test. -The questionnaire was formed of 20 questions divided into three categories: Demographic information, Awareness of orthodontic treatment and its complications & Awareness of proper oral hygiene procedure during orthodontic treatment. The responses were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed for comparison using IBM SPSS. Descriptive statistics followed by chi-square test was applied to test the variables in the questionnaire to determine their association. The significant value will be equal or less than 0.05. Results: Out of all participants, 240 (70.38%) reported hearing about the dental water flosser. 114 out of those 240 participants (47.5%) reported using it. Out of all participants who used the dental water flosser, 99 (86.84%) described their experience as Amazing and very effective, 5 (4.39%) described it as Not effective . 97 (85.09%) of all participants agreed that dental water flosser help in cleaning between their teeth and improve the health of their gums during wearing the orthodontic appliance. Conclusion: The results showed that a dental water flosser with a jet tip is beneficial for adolescents in cleaning between the teeth and significant improvement of the oral cavity health is obtained, which may be due to plaque accumulation reduction during using the orthodontic appliance.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON RELEVANCE OF SIMULATED VIRTUAL LABS IN PHYSICS PROBLEM-SOLVING
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Teacher Education, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India., Pal Mamta , a Rinki ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India.
Published: March 2022

Physics is the backbone of progress in science and technology. But it comprises complex problems that are an act of meta-cognition. Students find physics problems hard to solve due to abstraction, the inability to interlink theory to problems. But technologies like virtual labs offer several benefits such as safety, flexibility, affordability, and no barriers to space and time. Virtual labs enable visualization of the concepts. So they have the potential to play an important role in physics problem-solving. Therefore, this paper attempts to review secondary data on the relevance of simulated virtual labs in physics problem-solving and the various features that make it a preferred choice for it by excluding review and meta-analysis studies.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF CD44 AND CD56 IN MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
Authors:   Basic Dental Science Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt., N. Shalash Heba , A.A.Morsy Reham ,   Basic Dental Science Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt., E. Tarek Heba ,   Basic Dental Science Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Salivary gland cancers impose a huge part in oral and maxillofacial pathologies. Mucoepidermoid (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) are salivary malignancies, where (MEC) being the most common cancer. CD44, is a family of transmembrane non-kinase cell surface glycoproteins, that was broadly used as a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various malignancies. CD44 was found to be overexpressed in various types of cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs) and it has been postulated that CD44 has a part in carcinogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the components of the innate immune system, which express the phenotypic marker CD56 in the absence of CD3, and has a vital role in tumor-cell surveillance. This study aimed to assess the expression of CD44 and CD56 in different grades of mucoepidermoid carcinomas and different patterns of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and correlate between the expressions of the markers (CD44 and CD56) in different grades and patterns of the tumors. Material &Methods: Thirty-three paraffin embedded blocks of salivary gland tumors (18 mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 15 adenoid cystic carcinoma) were selected. Those tumorswere classified into four groups: intermediate grade (IG) MEC, high grade (HG) MEC, ACC (tub-crib) and ACC (solid) patterns.Immunohistochemical staining for CD44 and CD56 was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS (24), the independent-T test and Anova to analyze the statistical significance. Results: for CD44, inMEC group, we found no significant difference between both grades for CD44 expression, however, the difference was found to be significant between both patterns of ACC. While for CD56, the difference was statistically significant between both grades of MEC, and both patterns of ACC. Conclusion:CD44 could be promising goal for cancer therapy, mostly for CD44 expressing cancers. NK cells have a crucial role in the anti-tumor immune mechanism. Moreover, more studies are significantly demanded to assess the promising role and function of CD56 in diagnosis and prognosis of salivary gland cancers, and the tumor-cell surveillance capacity of the NK cells.
Urban land-use land-cover extraction for catchment modelling using deep learning techniques
Authors: Gong Siming , Ball James , Surawski Nicholas
Published: March 2022

Throughout the world, the likelihood of floods and managing the associated risk are a concern to many catchment managers and the population residing in those catchments. Catchment modelling is a popular approach to predicting the design flood quantiles of a catchment with complex spatial characteristics and limited monitoring data to obtain the necessary information for preparing the flood risk management plan. As an important indicator of urbanisation, land use land cover (LULC) plays a critical role in catchment parameterisation and modelling the rainfall–runoff process. Digitising LULC from remote sensing imagery of urban catchment is becoming increasingly difficult and time-consuming as the variability and diversity of land uses occur during urban development. In recent years, deep learning neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable image classification and segmentation outcomes with the powerful capacity to process complex workflow and features, learn sophisticated relationships and produce superior results. This paper describes end-to-end data assimilation and processing path using U-net and DeepLabV3+, also proposes a novel approach integrated with the clustering algorithm MeanShift. These methods were developed to generate pixel-based LULC semantic segmentation from high-resolution satellite imagery of the Alexandria Canal catchment, Sydney, Australia, and assess the applicability of their outputs as inputs to different catchment modelling systems. A significant innovation is using the MeanShift clustering algorithm to reduce the spatial noise in the raw image and propagate it to the deep learning network to improve prediction. All three methods achieved excellent classification performance, where the MeanShift+U-net has the highest accuracy and consistency on the test imagery. The final suitability assessment illustrates that all three methods are more suitable for the parameterisation of semi-distributed modelling systems rather than the fully distributed modelling systems, where the MeanShift+U-net should be adopted for image-based impervious area extraction of urban catchment due to its superior prediction accuracy of 98.47%.
Uzaktan Piyano Eğitiminin Uygulanmasına Yönelik Öğretim Elemanı Görüşleri
Authors: ERTEM Atakan , AKBULUT Efe
Published: March 2022

Son zamanlarda bütün dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs (covid-19) hayatın her alanında değişimlere neden olmaktadır. Bu değişimlerin büyük bir etkisi eğitim alanına yansımış olup bu alanda yeni oluşumlara da yol açılmıştır. Bu süreçte dünya genelinde yüz yüze eğitime ara verilerek uzaktan eğitime başlanmıştır. Ülkemizde de bu soruna bağlı olarak eğitimin bütün disiplin alanlarında uzaktan eğitim süreçlerine başlanmış ve hali hazırda bu sistem yürütülmektedir. Eğitimin önemli bir disiplin alanı olan müzik eğitiminde çalgı eğitiminin piyano eğitimi boyutunda da bu yöntem ve strateji benimsenmiş, bir bakıma zorunlu hale gelerek eğitim süreçleri devam etmektedir. Bu araştırmada uzaktan piyano eğitiminin uygulanmasına yönelik öğretim elemanı görüşleri alınarak öneriler getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup genel tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda hazırlanmış olan anketler, Ege Bölgesi’nde bulunan Üniversitelerin Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında 2020-2021 Eğitim Öğretim Yılı Güz Döneminde piyano derslerini yürüten öğretim elemanlarına uygulanmıştır. Anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler, frekans ve yüzde hesaplamaları yapılarak analiz edilip yapılan hesaplamalar tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre uzaktan piyano eğitiminin uygulanması için çeşitli hizmet içi eğitimler verilmesi, öğretim programının hazırlanması, metot ve kitapların yazılması, uzaktan çalgı eğitimi için tasarlanmış kapsamlı, teknolojik bir uygulama geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
REGULATION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLES DURING FUNCTIONAL UNLOADING
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Nemirovskaya T.L. , Sharlo K.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2022

Lowering or full stopping of the skeletal muscles contraction activities leads to atrophy of the muscle fibers and loss of performance. These changes affect the life quality of people who for one or another reason are faced with a limited ability to move. Among the key triggers of events in regulation responsible for the changes due to low muscle activity (disuse) is disturbance of calcium homeostasis and consequent build up of Ca deposits in the fiber myoplasm. The review is devoted to analysis of causes for Ca homeostasis disturbance, including macroergic phosphate accumulation, by the muscle disuse. The authors hypothesize a mechanism regulating the SERCA and IP3-receptors and their role in myoplasmic Ca deposit during functional unloading of muscles.
Darcy Tetreault, Cindy McCulligh y Carlos Lucio (coords). Despojo, conflictos socioambientales y alternativas en México
Authors: Madrigal González David
Published: March 2022

Darcy Tetreault, Cindy McCulligh y Carlos Lucio (coordinadores) (2019). Despojo, conflictos socioambientales y alternativas en México.Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas y Miguel Ángel Porrúa. 456 pp.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21696/rcsl102120201214
Thomas Calvo. Espacios, climas y aventuras: el galeón de Filipinas y la fragata de las Marianas en el Pacifico occidental (1680-1700)
Authors: Ibáñez Cruz Tania Leticia
Published: March 2022

El libro que se reseña es Espacios, climas y aventuras: El galeón de Filipinas y la fragata de las Marianas en el Pacifico occidental (1680-1700), del doctor Thomas Calvo. La investigación que desarrolló el autor fue a través de las embarcaciones Santo Cristo de Burgos, Santo Niños, Nuestra Señora de Guía, San José, y San Francisco Xavier, ya que cada una navegó en el océano Pacifico durante los últimos veinte años del siglo XVII, momento en el que se presentó una “mini glaciación”.
El historiador analiza los diversos factores que afectaron a los navíos en el mar abierto, que van desde las cuestiones climáticas como el ENOS (fenómeno meteorológico también conocido como “El Niño”, que se presenta en el océano Pacifico), hasta las acciones humanas que determinaron el destino de los galeones.  
En la reseña también se evalúa si la obra puede ubicarse dentro de la Historia Ambiental debido a la constante mención de las condiciones climáticas que se desarrollaron en el Pacifico a finales del siglo XVII.
Thomas Calvo (2016). Espacios, climas y aventuras: el galeón de Filipinas y la fragata de las Marianas en el Pacífico occidental (1680-1700). El Colegio de San Luis. DOI: 10.21696/rcsl10212020122111
Democratización subnacional en México, 1988-2020. Su identificación desde el concepto de democracia mínima
Authors: Sevilla José Antonio
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el proceso de democratización subnacional en México, con el fin de distinguir la heterogeneidad política que hay en un territorio, tomando como base el concepto de democracia mínima. Para ello, en primer lugar, se establece qué se entiende por democratización subnacional y su distinción de la acepción nacional. Después se realiza un breve repaso de los principales cambios que reflejan la existencia de este proceso en el nivel subnacional. El paso anterior justifica que, para este trabajo, la democratización subnacional sea identificada desde el concepto de democracia mínima. Después, se reflexiona sobre la importancia de esta medición. El texto finaliza con la exposición del proceso de democratización en las entidades federativas mexicanas entre los años 1988 y 2020.
Therapeutic Approaches to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis from the Lab to the Clinic
Authors: Chavda Vivek P. , Patel Chirag , Modh Dharti , Ertas Yavuz Nuri , Sonak Shreya S. , Munshi Nafesa K. , Anand Krishnan , Soni Arun , Pande Sonal
Published: March 2022

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neuro-degenerative disorder that is clinically recognized as a gradual degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons, with an average duration of 3 to 5 years from initial of symptoms to death. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of the disease are multifactorial. Therefore, to find effective treatments, it is necessary to understand the heterogeneity underlying the progression of ALS. Recent developments in gene therapy have opened a new avenue to treat this condition, especially for the characterized genetic types. Gene therapy methods have been studied in various pre-clinical settings and clinical trials, and they may be a promising path for developing an effective and safe ALS cure. A growing body of evidence demonstrates abnormalities in metabolic energy at the cellular and whole-body level in animal models and people living with ALS. Using and incorporatig high-throughput "omics" methods have radically transformed our thoughts about ALS, strengthened our understanding of the disease's dynamic molecular architecture, differentiated distinct patient subtypes, and created a reasonable basis for identifying biomarkers and novel individualised treatments. Future clinical and laboratory trials would also focus on the diverse relationships between metabolism and ALS to address the issue of whether targeting poor metabolism in ALS is an effective way to change disease progression. In this review, we focus on the detailed pathogenesis of ALS and highlight principal genes, i.e., SOD1, TDP-43, C9orf72, and FUS, as well as targeted ALS therapies. An attempt is made to provide up-to-date clinical outcomes, including various biomarkers that are thought to be important players in early ALS detection.
Recent Investigations on the Functional Role of Cerebellar Neural Networks in Motor Functions & Nonmotor Functions -Neurodegeneration
Authors: Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Khaidarovich Zakirov F. , Valikovna Oganesyan M. , Aliagayevna Rizaeva N. , Arturovna Zharashueva L. , Alexandrovich Krasilnikov A. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M.
Published: March 2022

The cerebellum is a well-established primary brain center in charge of controlling sensorimotor functions and non-motor functions. Recent reports depicted the significance of cerebellum in higher-order cognitive functions, including emotion-processing, language, reward-related behavior, working memory, and social behavior. As it can influence diverse behavioral patterns, any defects in cerebellar functions could invoke neuropsychiatric diseases as indicated by the incidence of alexithymia and induce alterations in emotional and behavioral patterns. Furthermore, its defects can trigger motor diseases, such as ataxia and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this review, we have extensively discussed the role of cerebellum in motor and non-motor functions and how the cerebellum malfunctions in relation to the neural circuit wiring as it could impact brain function and behavioral outcomes in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. Relevant data regarding cerebellar non-motor functions have been vividly described, along with anatomy and physiology of these functions. In addition to the defects in basal ganglia, the lack of activity in motor related regions of the cerebellum could be associated with the severity of motor symptoms. All together, this review delineates the importance of cerebellar involvement in patients with PD and unravels a crucial link for various clinical aspects of PD with specific cerebellar sub-regions.
N-substitution Reactions of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles to Access Pharmacophores
Authors: Cruz Alejandro , Padilla-Martínez Itzia I. , García-Báez Efrén V. , Rosales-Hernández Martha C. , Mendieta Wejebe Jessica E.
Published: March 2022

Benzimidazole (BI) and its derivatives are interesting molecules in medicinal
chemistry because several of these compounds have a diversity of biological activities and some
of them are even used in clinical applications. In view of the importance of these compounds,
synthetic chemists are still interested in finding new procedures for the synthesis of these classes
of compounds. Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative), and Rabendazole
(fungicide) are important examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI
nuclei. It is interesting to observe that several of these compounds contain 2-aminobenzimidazole
(2ABI) as the base nucleus. The structures of 2ABI derivatives are interesting because they have
a planar delocalized structure with a cyclic guanidine group, which have three nitrogen atoms
with free lone pairs and labile hydrogen atoms. The 10-π electron system of the aromatic BI ring
conjugated with the nitrogen lone pair of the hexocyclic amino group, making these heterocycles
to have an amphoteric character. Synthetic chemists have used 2ABI as a building block to
produce BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. In view of the importance of the BIs,
and because no review was found in the literature about this topic, we reviewed and summarized
the procedures related to the recent methodologies used in the N-substitution reactions of 2ABIs
by using aliphatic and aromatic halogenides, dihalogenides, acid chlorides, alkylsulfonic
chlorides, carboxylic acids, esters, ethyl chloroformates, anhydrides, SMe-isothioureas, alcohols,
alkyl cyanates, thiocyanates, carbon disulfide and aldehydes or ketones to form Schiff bases. The
use of diazotized 2ABI as intermediate to obtain 2-diazoBIs was included to produce Nsubstituted
2ABIs of pharmacological interest. Some commentaries about their biological activity
were included.
Pelatihan pengembangan pembelajaran berorientasi Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) bagi guru sekolah dasar
Authors: Hastuti Woro Sri , Pujiastuti Pratiwi , Tiarani Vinta Angela , Nugroho Ikhlasul Ardi , Herwin Herwin
Published: March 2022

Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan guru sekolah dasar dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk lokakarya secara daring dengan dua bagian kegiatan, teori dan praktik. Materi yang disampaikan adalah pemahaman tentang pentingnya mengembangkan HOTS bagi peserta didik untuk peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran di sekolah dasar, strategi penyusunan pembelajaran berorientasi HOTS, metode-metode pembelajaran berbasis HOTS, dan penilaian pembelajaran berbasis HOTS. Kegiatan praktik dilakukan dengan menyusun pembelajaran berorientasi HOTS berdasarkan baseline kemampuan peserta didik untuk masing-masing sekolah dasar. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta telah memiliki kemampuan mengembangkan pembelajaran yang berbasis HOTS. Berdasarkan temuan dari produk peserta, salah satu keterampilan yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah keterampilan mengembangkan pertanyaan produktif.
Adsorption of Ammonium Ion from Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste by Coconut Shell-Activated Carbon
Authors: Adha C. N. , Istiqomah U. , Safitri A. W. , Tarmini T.
Published: March 2022

Liquid waste from tofu industry will flow or discharge into water. It causes pollution which is characterized by unpleasant odor. If this continues, it can damage the environment and threaten the health of the people who inhale the unpleasant odor. Activated carbon is a carbon that is able to adsorb in the liquid phase or gas phase.  Activated carbon is the best adsorbent in the adsorption system. The material for activated carbon comes from animals, plants, and waste or minerals that contain carbon. Coconut shell is an ingredient that can be made into activated carbon. Activated carbon from coconut shell has many benefits one of them can adsorb liquid waste from tofu industry. This study aims to examine the ability of coconut shell to adsorben, that have been activated by K2CO3 or HCl activator. In this study given the variation of activated charcoal mass and contact time variations to determine the effect on the ability of activated coconut shell charcoal adsorption on ammonia content in Liquid waste from tofu industry. The results of this study are the greater the mass of activated charcoal and the longer the contact time, the greater the ammonia absorbed by activated charcoal, which indicates that the percent decrease in ammonia concentration is greater
The Effect of Co2+ in the Form of CoCl2 Compounds on α-Amylase Activity
Authors: Kusumawati Perwita Riski , Salirawati Das
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine: (1) the optimum conditions for α-amylase enzyme activity with potato starch as a substrate including incubation time, pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration, (2) the effect of Co2+ metal ions in the form of CoCl2 compounds on α-amylase enzyme activity with potato starch substrate at optimum conditions. The determination of α-amylase enzyme activity with potato starch substrate was carried out using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The determination of α-amylase enzyme activity with and without the addition of CoCl2 was carried out at the optimum conditions that have been obtained. The variation in the added concentration of CoCl2 were 0.01; 0.02; 0.03; 0.04; and 0.05 M. The data obtained in this study were enzyme activity in units of mg/mL/minute at 37° C. The data analysis used was descriptive qualitative by comparing the activity of the α-amylase enzyme with and without the addition of CoCl2 at optimum conditions. The results of the average α-amylase enzyme activity at optimum conditions (temperature 37° C, pH 7.2, incubation time 15 minutes, substrate concentration 20 mg/mL, and enzyme concentration 40 mg/mL), namely 0.00794 mg/mL at temperature 37° C. For the mean α-amylase enzyme activity with the addition of CoCl2 at a concentration of 0.01; 0.02; 0.03; 0.04; and 0.05 M, respectively 0.0038; 0.0013; 0.0012; 0.0011; and 0.00031 mg/mL per minute at 37° C. Based on these data it can be concluded that the tendency of the Co2+ metal ion is inhibitory and greatly affects the activity of the α-amylase enzyme.
The Effect of Acid Activated Natural Zeolite Catalyst on Further Catalytic Cracking of Liquid Product’s Heavy Fraction from Plastic Waste Treatment Factory
Authors: Darwanta D. , Faidiban Zakarias , Asmuruf Frans A.
Published: March 2022

The influence of activated natural zeolite catalyst on the further cracking of liquid product’s heavy fraction from plastic waste treatment factory been studied resulting in alternative fuel oil. Natural zeolite from Wonosari, Yogyakarta was activated with 1 M H2SO4 solution. Natural zeolite and activated zeolite were characterized using XRD at an angle of 2ϴ=5-60 degrees. Further cracking process was carried out to study the ratio of catalyst mass of 25 g; 50 g; 75 g; 100 g to 750 mL weight fraction of the factory liquid product. The further cracking product was flame tested, specific gravity measured by gravimetric method and characterized using GC-MS. The calculation of the constituent fuel fractions is also carried out. The performance test of the further cracking product as an alternative fuel was carried out for the generator engine ignition process. The result showed that the activation process using acid was not destroy the zeolite structure. The study of ratio catalyst to liquid waste volume obtained an optimum result at 50 g/750 mL based on the volume of resulted fuel oil with small amount of catalyst. The resulted fuel oil has a density of 0.7908 g/mL with a clear yellow color, and flammable. The GC-MS analysis resulted in fuel oil consisting of 4.11% gasoline, 8.42 kerosene, 75.56% solar, and 11.93% heavy fraction
Exploring learning and behavior problems of gifted children in Indonesia: A content analysis study
Authors: Pujaningsih Pujaningsih , Alfi Mar’atu Husnia
Published: March 2022

Although gifted children have talents and positive traits in academic area that already been supported, little empirical evidence addresses the need of support for gifted children in non-academic areas in Indonesian context.  To fill this void, this study conducted a content analysis of two books about gifted children based on parents’ narratives to explore the need for support for social-emotional problems. “Menyongsong Pagi” and “Menyiangi Petang” are the two books which describe how thirteen gifted children grew up and face obstacle in their learning. Drawing on the theory of positive disintegration and Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological development, this study analyzed the two books to describe the uniqueness of gifted students in terms of emotion, intellectual and psychomotor still mostly seen as problems by their teachers and friends which lead to various educational issues. The implication of this study calls for the comprehensive support from teachers and schools’ leader to support gifted children both in academic and non-academic areas.
Catatan Spesimen Pertama, Morfologi, dan Bentuk Tubuh Cyprinidae (Osteochilus spilurus) dari Anak Sungai Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Kurniawan Ardiansyah , Nugroho Teguh Willy , Triswiyana Ira , Hariati Anik Martinah , Kurniawan Andi , Raka Wiadnya Dewa Gede
Published: March 2022

Osteochilus spilurus merupakan ikan asli Indonesia yang banyak ditemukan pada perairan cenderung asam. Titik temuan terbanyak spesies ini terdapat di Pulau Kalimantan, namun belum diidentifikasikan di Sungai Katingan. Pelaksanaan sampling dilakukan di salah satu anak Sungai Katingan di Desa Tumbang Linting, Kecamatan Katingan Hilir, Kabupaten Katingan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter morfologi meliputi meristik secara manual, morfometrik dengan aplikasi TpsDig dan analisa bentuk tubuh pada 14 landmark dengan program SAGE. O. spilurus teridentifikasi di perairan anak Sungai Katingan dengan nama lokal Banta Malisan dan memiliki ciri morfologi bentuk moncong mengerucut dan bundaran hitam di bagian pangkal ekor. Formula siripnya adalah D.iii.12, V.9, A.6, dan P.8. Linealateralis dengan 29 sisik dan 8 sisik pertama berada sebelum sirip dorsal. Ikan memiliki panjang total antara 72.81 – 55.11 mm, panjang standar 57.1 – 43.27 mm, dan tinggi badan 15.52 – 11.91 mm. Temuan O. spilurus ini menjadi catatan pertama di Sungai Katingan dan telah disimpan spesimen biologinya di Museum Zoologi Bogor dengan nomor regristrasi MZB 26069. Informasi morfologi dan bentuk tubuhnya diharapkan menjadi dasar dan pembanding penelitian spesies ini dimasa mendatang.
Sintesis dan Aplikasi SiO2 dari Daun Bambu Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) sebagai Pengemban Fotokatalis untuk Degradasi Pewarna Congo Red
Authors: Sri Budiasih Kun , Kolonial Prodjosantosa Anti , Utomo M. Pranjoto , Christyan T.
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmensintesis nanosilika dari daun bambu dan mengaplikasikannya sebagai pengemban fotokatalis CuO (0,25% CuOx@SiO2) pada reaksi degradasi congo red. Senyawa SiO2 dihasilkan dari abu daun bambu wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) melalui proses kalsinasi pada suhu 800°C selama 6 jam. Senyawa 0,25% CuOx@SiO2 yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra dan uji aktivitas adsorbsinya pada keadaan gelap, dilanjutkan uji aktivitas fotodegradasi larutan pewarna congo red pada sinar UV dan sinar tampak. Analisis Diffraksi sinar X menunjukkan senyawa SiO2 yang bersifat kristalin yang ditandai dengan puncak tajam pada 2Ø=21,87 (sesuai dengan JCPDS PDF No. 39-1425). Analisis UV-Vis diffuse reflectance menunjukkan bahwa energi celah pita senyawa 0,25% CuOx@SiO2 adalah 4,269 eV. Aktivitas adsorbsi sampel mengikuti pola isoterm adsorbsi Freundlich dengan nilai kapasitas adsorbsi 2011,731425 mol/gram. Aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap degradasi congo red pada sinar UV dan sinar tampak mengikuti laju reaksi orde dua dengan nilai laju reaksi 0, 010464.C2 pada sinar UV dan 0.010481.C2 pada sinar tampak.
Pencampuran Ekstrak Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) ke dalam Pakan terhadap Peningkatan Sistem Imun pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Eviani Eviani , Prasetiyono Eva , Robin Robin , Febrianti Dwi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan dosis terbaik penambahan ekstrak daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium) ke dalam pakan dalam meningkatkan sistem imun pada ikan nila (Oreochoromis niloticus). Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) tunggal dengan 4 taraf perlakuan dan 3 ulangan pada setiap taraf, dalam setiap ulangan terdapat 7 ikan. Ikan yang digunakan berukuran 10-12 cm dengan bobot 20 - 25 gram. Perlakuan terdiri dari, perlakuan A (0,02), B (0,03), C (0,04) D kontrol (tanpa penambahan ekstrak daun gamal). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengamatan profil darah, kelangsungan hidup, respon nafsu makan, pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan kualitas air. Data di analisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah. Hasil yang berbeda nyata selanjutnya diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penambahan ekstrak daun gamal ke dalam pakan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P≥0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan ikan dan respon nafsu makan selama perlakuan dikategorikan sedang. Jumlah eritrosit, kadar hematokrit dan kadar hemoglobin selama perlakuan masih dalam kisaran normal yang mengindikasikan ikan masih dalam kondisi sehat. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah dosis 0,04 merupakan dosis yang terbaik pada penelitian ini karena mampu meningkatan sistem imun pada ikan nila dilihat dari peningkatan jumlah leukosit sebesar (16,07 x 105 sel/mm3).
Struktur dan Dinamika Hidrasi Ion Zn2+ dan Cd2+ Berdasarkan Simulasi Dinamika Molekul Mekanika Molekul (DM MM)
Authors: Fajar Partana Crys , Suwardi Suwardi , Salim Agus
Published: March 2022

Tubuh manusia sebagian besar (lebih dari 80%) terdiri atas zat cair, sehingga proses metabolisme dalam tubuh manusia melibatkan interaksi antara zat pelaru (solvent) dan zat terlarut (solute) baik dalam bentuk ion maupun senyawanya. Interaksi antara zat pelarut dengan zat terlarut dikenal dengan istilah solvasi, sedangkan interaksi zat terlarut dengan air dikenal dengan nama hidrasiSolvasi Zn dan Cd diamati dengan melakukan simulasi dinamika molekul mekanika molekul (DM MM). Himpunan basis yang digunakan adalah lanl2dz untuik atom Zn dan Cd, sedangkan untuk molekul air digunakan yang himpunan basis DZP Dunning. Simulasi dilakukan berdasarkan potensial pasangan dan potensial badan tiga. Masing masing simulasi Zn dan Cd dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan 1 atom Cd dan Zn dengan 499 molekul H2O. Hasil simulasi berupa data trajectory diolah lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui struktur dan dinamika hidrasinya. Hasil analisis RDF menunjukan bahwa jarak atom Zn dan atom O (air) rata-rata adalah 2,18 A, sedangkan jarak rata-rata atom Cd dengan O sebesar 2,27 A. Berdasarkan analisis CND distribusi bilangan koordinasi ditemukan bahwa bilangan koordinasi solvasi Cd dan Zn dalam air sama yaitu 6, membentuk strukur molekul oktahedral. Waktu tinggal ligan (air) di sekitar ion berdasarkan analisis dinamika molekul memperlihatkan bahwa solvasi Zn dengan air lebih labil dibanding dengan solvasi ion Cd2+.
Estimasi Parameter Data Berdistribusi Normal Menggunakan Maksimum Likelihood Berdasarkan Newton Raphson
Authors: Angnitha Purba Switamy
Published: March 2022

Estimasi parameter adalah praktik umum dalam statistik. Maximum Likelihood adalah metode estimasi parameter berdasarkan pendekatan distribusi dengan cara memaksimalkan fungsi likelihood. Mean, deviasi standar, proporsi dan lain-lain merupakan perkiraan nilai parameter dengan menggunakan data atau sampel yang dapat diambil dari populasi tersebut. Algoritma Newton Raphson adalah prosedur iteratif yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan non-linier. Fokus makalah ini adalah mengestimasi parameter data yang berdistribusi normal menggunakan Maximum Likelihood berdasarkan algoritma iterasi Newton Raphson dengan program matlab.
Analisa Mutu Bahan Olah Karet (Bokar) dengan Koagulan Asap Cair Kayu Pelawan (Tristaniopsis Merguensis)
Authors: Novirman Koko
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik bokar meliputi pH, waktu, warna, dam aroma penggumpalan serta Kadar Karet Kering (KKK) dan untuk mempelajari mutu teknis karet alam meliputi Po, PRI dan kadar zat menguap, yang dihasilkan dari penambahan koagulan asap cair kayu pelawan dan asam format sebagai kontrol. Kogulan asap cair kayu pelawan dan asam format masing-masing diencerkan menjadi larutan dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 2% dengan nilai pH 3,0 dan 2,5. Variasi dosis A1, A2,A3 dilakukan terhadap koagulan asap cair kayu pelawan dan B1, B2, B3 terhadap koagulan asam format dengan masing-masing volume koagulan sebanyak 50, 100, dan 150 ml dengan tiga kali pengulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara statistik dengan metode uji T (Independent Sampel T Test) menggunakan aplikasi SPSS, dibandingkan dengan standar (SNI) 06-1903- 2000 tentang (SIR) untuk jenis mutu SIR 20. Hasil pengamatan karakteristik bokar menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan koagulan asap cair kayu pelawan dan asam format memenuhi standar (SNI) dan hasil terbaik ditemukan pada dosis A3 dan B2.
Optimasi Waktu dan Suhu Hidrotermal pada Sintesis Nanotabung TiO2 Terdoping Nitrogen untuk Aplikasi Fotokatalis
Authors: Khoiriyah Lukman Laila , Kusumawardani Cahyorini
Published: March 2022

Nanotabung nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) disintesis dengan metode hidrotermal dari titanium tetra isopropoksida (TTIP) sebagai precursor Ti, etilendiamin sebagai sumber nitrogen dan etanol sebagai pelarut. Pengaruh parameter sintesis dipelajari dengan melakukan variasi suhu (110, 130, dan 150ºC) dan waktu hidrotermal (24, 48, dan 72 jam). Material hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan spektroskopi UV-Vis DRS. Aktivitas fotokatalitik material nanotabung N-TiO2 diuji dalam reaksi degradasi metilen biru dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan suhu hidrotermal dan lama waktu hidrotermal menyebabkan ukuran kristal semakin besar, dan Egmenurun. Uji fotokatalis material hasil sintesis menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada sampel hasil sintesis pada temperatur 130ºC selama 48 jam yang memiliki karakteristik strukur lebih kristalin, energi celah pita yang relatif rendah, dan mampu mendegradasi metilen biru sebesar 74,94% di bawah sinar UV.
PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN RAJA ALI HAJI DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA MASYARAKAT MELAYU RIAU 1878-2004
Authors: Danusa Rizki Aldy
Published: March 2022

Raja Ali Haji merupakan salah satu sastrawan berpengaruh yang berasal dari kalangan masyarakat Melayu Riau. Semasa hidupnya, ia telah menghasilkan karya-karya yang tidak hanya dapat dinikmati tetapi memiliki nilai penting dalam kehidipan. Pemikirannya yang berasal dari ajaran Islam dan Melayu dengan titik tumpu kompilasi ajaran Islam dan Melayu sebagai pembentuk moral masyarakat Melayu dalam mencapai puncak suatu peradaban sosial dalam kehidupan. Orientasi penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh yang telah diberikan Raja Ali Haji kepada masyarakat Melayu Riau sepeninggal dirinya 1878 hingga 2004. Raja Ali Haji meninggalkan warisan dalam bentuk naskah Melayu yang berpengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu Riau. Tidak hanya meninggalkan pengaruh pada generasi yang berdekatan dengannya namun pengaruh yang ia berikan mampu berdiri kokoh secara turun temurun dengan perbedaan zaman yang signifikan.Kata Kunci: Raja Ali Haji, Sosial-Budaya, Melayu, Riau.
KONFLIK TAMBANG PASIR BESI LUMAJANG: ANALISIS AKAR DAN RESOLUSI
Authors: Widianto Hardian Wahyu
Published: March 2022

Pertambangan pasir yang membawa berkah ekonomi bagi sebagian masyarakat, di sisi lain memicu kemunculan konflik tragis. Konflik yang berujung pada kematian warga penolak tambang pasir besi di desa selok Awar-awar, Lumajang, Jawa Timur, menyedot perhatian publik luas. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan kronologi, proses resolusi dan akar dari konflik tambang pasir. Konflik ini dimulai ketika tahun 2014 Kepala Desa Selok Awar-Awar dan Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH), serta Paguyuban Pendukung Penambangan berencana mendirikan penambangan pasir besi. Masyarkat yang tidak sepakat dengan keputusan itu lalu mulai menginisiasi berbagai aksi protes. Puncaknya, tokoh penggerak penolak tambang pasir besi dianiyaya hingga meninggal oleh kelompok lawanya. Proses resolusi konflik dilakukan lewat dua pendekatan sekaligus yakni konvensional lewat jalur persidangan dan alternatif dengan model mediasi. Akar konflik pada dasarnya bersumber dari kebijakan pemerintah desa Selok Awar-awar yang tidak mengakomodir kepentingan dari penolak tambang pasir.Kata kunci: Konflik, Tambang Pasir, Lumajang
PERDAGANGAN OPIUM DI KERESIDENAN MADIUN TAHUN 1830-1925
Authors: Kemal Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Pasca berakhirnya Perang Jawa di tahun 1830, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mengambil alih wilayah Keresidenan Madiun dan mulai memperdagangkan opium dengan sistem Opiumpacht. Pada tahun 1901 sistem Opiumpacht dihapuskan, digantikan dengan sistem Opiumregie. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi umum wilayah Keresidenan Madiun, dimulainya praktik perdagangan opium melalui sistem Opiumpacht dan perdagangan opium melalui system Opiumregie dalam rentang tahun 1830-1925. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reformasi birokrasi dan diterapkannya Sistem Tanam Paksa di wilayah Keresidenan Madiun telah mendorong peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat. Pemberlakuan sistem Opiumpacht di Keresidenan Madiun pada tahun 1830 mendatangkan keuntungan yang besar untuk para bandar Cina pemegang hak monopoli opium dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Merebaknya opium gelap serta tingginya tingkat kecanduan masyarakat membuat sistem Opiumpacht dihapuskan di akhir abad ke-19. Sistem Opiumregie mulai diterapkan dan dikendalikan penuh oleh Pemerintah Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1901. Keuntungan perdagangan opium di bawah sistem Opiumregie mengalami pasang surut. Kemerosotan terjadi karena adanya pembatasan konsumsi opium oleh pihak ototritas serta merebaknya wabah Pes di tahun 1911 yang menurunkan daya beli masyarakat untuk mengonsumsi opium.Kata Kunci: Keresidenan Madiun, Opiumpacht, Opiumregie, Perdagangan opium.
KETERLIBATAN PERSATOEAN PERKOEMPOELAN KAOEM BOEROEH (PPKB) DALAM GERAKAN BURUH DI JAWA 1919-1921
Authors: Yasin Ahmad
Published: March 2022

AbstrakKaum buruh bergerak mencari saluran aspirasi akan kondisi kerja lewat serikat buruh pada awal abad ke-20. Akhir 1919, sebagian serikat berhimpun dalam sebuah federasi bernama Persatoean Perkoempoelan Kaoem Boeroeh (PPKB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan pertumbuhan serikat buruh di Jawa awal abad ke-20, pengaruh pembentukan PPKB dalam gerakan buruh, dan dampak keretakan PPKB bagi gerakan buruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan melalui empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan serikat buruh menandai kaum buruh menyalurkan aspirasinya secara terorganisir. Pertumbuhan gerakan buruh dilirik organisasi politik yang menghasilkan usaha menyatukan kekuatan serikat dalam PPKB. PPKB berpengaruh saat mengawal pemogokan buruh percetakan di Semarang pada awal 1920, tetapi kemudian federasi ini terkendala operasional organisasi dan tertekan oleh konflik internal. Konflik meretakkan PPKB yang berdampak bagi perpecahan federasi ini pada 1921.                            Kata kunci: PPKB, Gerakan, Jawa
DINAMIKA PABRIK GULA TASIKMADU DI MANGKUNEGARAN TAHUN 1917-1935
Authors: Rantikah Rantikah
Published: March 2022

AbstrakPabrik gula Tasikmadu pada tahun 1917 terkena dampak dari reorganisasi agraria karena adanya perubahan kepemilikan tanah. Pada tahun 1919 pabrik gula Tasikmadu mulai meningkatkan sektor perkebunan dan sektor industri pabrik. Puncak kesuksesan pabrik gula Tasikmadu terjadi pada tahun 1928-1929 dengan semakin luasnya lahan perkebunan, tingginya jumlah produksi gula dan nilai jual gula. Tahun 1930 ketika terjadinya krisis malaise nyatanya juga berdampak terhadap pabrik gula Tasikmadu sehingga harus memotong biaya operasional agar pabrik gula tetap beroperasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui awal mula berdirinya pabrik gula di Mangkunegaran, perkembangan pabrik gula Tasikmadu tahun 1917-1935, serta dampak pabrik gula Tasikmadu dalam bidang sosial-ekonomi bagi Mangkunegaran dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah kritis dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kondisi pabrik gula Tasikmadu sejak tahun 1917-1935 mengalami pasang surut baik dari sektor produksi dan penjualan, serta adanya pabrik gula Tasikmadu memberikan dampak sosial dengan dibangunnya saluran irigasi, fasilitas sekolah, dan kesehatan, serta berdampak terhadap ekonomi Mangkunegaran dan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pabrik gula, Tasikmadu, Mangkunegaran