bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berberine-induced browning and energy metabolism: mechanisms and implications
Authors: Alpaslan Ağaçdiken Aslıhan , Göktaş Zeynep
Published: February 2025

Obesity has become a global pandemic. The approaches researched to prevent it include decreasing energy intake and/or enhancing energy expenditure. Therefore, research on brown adipose tissue is of great importance. Brown adipose tissue is characterized by its high mitochondrial content. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) releases energy as heat instead of chemical energy. Thermogenesis increases energy expenditure. Berberine, a phytochemical widely used in Asian countries, has positive effects on body weight control. While the precise mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear, the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is known to play a crucial role. Berberine activates AMPK through phosphorylation, significantly impacting brown adipose tissue by enhancing lipolytic activity and increasing the expression of UCP1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-co-activator-1α (PGC1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16). While investigating the mechanism of action of berberine, both the AMPK pathway is being examined in more detail and alternative pathways are being explored. One such pathway is growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), known for its appetite-suppressing effect. Berberine’s low stability and bioavailability, which are the main obstacles to its clinical use, have been improved through the development of nanotechnological methods. This review examines the potential mechanisms of berberine on browning and summarizes the methods developed to enhance its effect.
Gestão de riscos de projeto: uma abordagem ágil aplicada a um Órgão Federal
Authors: Alves Priscilla Souza Ramos , Monteiro Simone Borges Simão , Grubisic Viviane Vasconcellos Ferreira
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho propõe apresentar o desenvolvimento de um framework de gestão de riscos baseado em métodos ágeis para projetos de TI. O objetivo consiste em aprimorar a tomada de decisões no gerenciamento de riscos de projetos de tecnologia da informação. Para realizar o estudo, foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa exploratória e aplicada, com estudo de caso e abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas. A coleta de dados incluiu consulta a artigos e livros na temática, formulários exploratórios, entrevistas e brainstorming com cinco especialistas em TI, decisões em última instancia. A criação do framework CRisk foi validada pelos especialistas e utilizou o PMCanvas, adaptado para riscos, guiado pelo Design Thinking e suportado pela ferramenta Miro para colaboração com a aplicação realizada por meio de prova de conceito. Os resultados mostraram que, nas provas de conceito aplicadas em dois projetos, o feedback sobre o framework CRisk foi 64% positivo, 9% negativo e 27% de sugestões de melhoria, indicando o potencial do framework para o gerenciamento ágil de riscos em projetos de TI. As entregas do estudo incluíram a validação do framework pelos especialistas e a adaptação do PMCanvas para a gestão de riscos. O estudo destacou que o framework proposto se aplica com sucesso ao gerenciamento ágil de riscos em projetos de TI.
Histogenesis of White Pulp of the Human Foetal Spleen at Different Gestational Age Groups: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Madhumalar S , Thenmozhi A , Mythily N , Sruthi M Arul , Anand K
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The spleen is a highly vascular, ductless and the largest lymphoid organ in our body. Its functions include phagocytosis and immune responses. In the foetus, haematopoiesis is the primary function of the spleen, which regresses after birth; however, the production of lymphocytes continues after birth.

Aim: To investigate the histological changes in the immune component, specifically the White Pulp (WP), of the human foetal spleen at various gestational age groups.

Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional histological study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Government KAPV Medical College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, from July 2019 to December 2021. Study was carried out on 50 samples of aborted human foetuses between 10 weeks and 40 weeks of gestational age, without any obvious congenital abnormalities, in a South Indian population. The samples were collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and consent from the mothers. After processing the splenic tissues, slides were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The slides were observed under a compound light microscope using 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x magnifications. The appearance of lymphocytes, their developmental growth, and changes in WP were observed and interpreted. Statistical analysis was performed by computing the mean number of lymphoid follicles across gestational age groups using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0.

Results: Among the 50 foetuses, the capsule appeared between the 10th and 12th weeks, and trabeculae appeared at the 18th week. Lymphocytes were first observed at the 14th week, and lymphoid aggregation around the arteriole began at 22-24 weeks. The Periarteriolar Lymphatic Sheath (PALS) was observed at the 24th week, with definite WP noted at 36 weeks. Vascular loops appeared at the 12th week, and the vascularity of the WP increased with the age of gestation.

Conclusion: The present study provides detailed knowledge of the histogenesis of the WP of the spleen, which is valuable for anatomists and pathologists. The foetal spleen exhibits high vascularity, suggesting its potential use for transplantation in cases of splenectomy in the future.
Graves’ Disease Presenting with Section Headache: An Unusual Association
Authors: Kulkarni Prabhanjan , Modi Kunal , Dhadwad Jagannath , Bana SaiKrishna Reddy , Yadav Prince
Published: February 2025

Headache is a common presenting complaint seen in the general population, with varying causes. However, headache as a primary symptom of thyroid disorders, specifically hyperthyroidism, is not routinely observed. Hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease presents with typical symptoms such as hyperactivity, palpitations, fatigue and weight loss and can be associated with signs such as tachycardia, tremors and ophthalmopathy. Studies have not shown any definitive association between headache and Graves’ disease. Authors hereby, describe a case of a middle-aged female patient who presented with severe bouts of headache. She was using Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and other medications for pain relief, but they had no longlasting effect. An initial diagnosis of primary headache was made after ruling out other pathologies based on blood investigations, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies. Despite starting appropriate therapy, the patient continued to experience persistent headache and tachycardia. Further evaluation revealed hyperthyroidism, which was managed using antithyroid drugs. This, in turn, led to the resolution of her main complaint, which was headache. She required no further pain medication and was symptom-free.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis in a Young Male: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Ojha Ankit , Shukla Prakriti , Gupta Pragat
Published: February 2025

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is an exceptionally rare neoplasm that is frequently associated with chronic irritation of the urothelium. It accounts for less than 1% of all renal malignancies and is often diagnosed incidentally due to non specific clinical and radiological features. Long-term renal calculi, as a sequel to pelviureteric junction obstruction or urinary tract infections, if untreated, can lead to mechanical irritation and chronic inflammation, which increases the risk of SCC. A few other factors that contribute to the development of SCC include smoking, exposure to chemical carcinogens like aromatic amines, schistosomiasis infection in endemic regions and retrograde instrumentation of the urinary tract. The term “primary SCC” is reserved for those tumours that exclusively contain squamous components without any evidence of urothelial components. Usually, these tumours are highly aggressive and have a poorer prognosis compared to other urinary tract malignancies. Although nephrectomy remains the treatment of choice, the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy requires further evaluation. The authors report an interesting and unusual case of primary SCC of the renal pelvis in a 36-year-old male with no prior history of calculi, who presented with significant weight loss and pain in the left flank over a period of just one month.
Rare Case of Liesegang Rings in Cystic Lesion of Left Ectopic Kidney: A Histopathological Perspective
Authors: Einstien Dinisha , Pallekonda Sruthi , Gopal Reshmi , Vaidyanathan Rajalakshmi
Published: February 2025

Ectopic kidneys are a rare congenital anomaly where the kidney is located outside its normal position, and renal cysts in these ectopic kidneys are even more uncommon. The authors report a unique case of a left ectopic kidney with a cystic lesion containing Liesegang rings, a rare histopathological finding. A 47-year-old female presented with intermittent abdominal pain for about two months and was found to have an abnormal renal position on imaging studies. Further investigation revealed a left ectopic kidney with a cystic mass. Surgical excision of the cyst was performed, and histopathological examination showed characteristic concentric calcifications known as Liesegang Rings (LR). These structures are typically associated with chronic inflammation, cysts, fibrotic tissue, haemorrhagic zones, necrotic areas and fluids, but they are rarely reported in renal cysts, especially in ectopic kidneys. While analysing kidney tissue or cytological specimens, it is crucial to consider their presence, as they can closely mimic various organic and inorganic substances, parasites and malignancies, posing a challenge for accurate diagnosis.
Molecular Characterization of Four (4) Accessions Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivated in Different Localities of Central Africa and the Pakréssaya Variety (of Burkinabe Origin)
Authors: Mbalissa Héraclite Bachelard Koyanga , ABA -Toumnou Lucie , Mbaye Fatimata , Keneme Bineta , Diatta Henri , Ndong Anna , Semballa Silla , Mbah Guy Roland , Ignaleamoko Ephrem Frantial , Sembene Mbacké
Published: February 2025

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) is probably the oldest oilseed crop known and used by humans. In the Central African Republic, sesame remains an “orphan crop” due to the lack of scientific data on the genetic diversity of local accessions. Genetic diversity is the extent of genetic variability measured at the level of individuals, a population, a metapopulation, a species or a group of species. It is ensured by the genetic variability between individuals within the species. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the genetic characteristics of sesame accessions in the Central African Republic. Analyses included genome sequence analysis and genetic polymorphism. Total DNA was extracted using the Zymo Research Kit, taking for each accession or variety a pool of five seeds constituting an individual. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of the 28S gene for the differentiation of sesame accessions (Sesamum indicum) because it showed a significant polymorphism between the different accessions studied and the Pakréssaya variety. The phylogenetic trees allowed us to structure sesame seeds according to their locality of origin.
Evaluation of Seed Health Status of Some Selected Podded and Root Vegetables in Bangladesh
Authors: Arfin Tanjina , Alam Md. Shahinoor , Masrur Talha Zubair , Amin Mehedi , Akter Karima , Ahmmed Abu Noman Faruq , Kayess Md. Omar
Published: February 2025

Evaluating the seed health status of selected vegetables in Bangladesh is crucial for sustainable agriculture and food security, as seed-borne pathogens can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. Identifying and mitigating these pathogens at the seed level helps prevent their spread, protect genetic resources, and reduce reliance on chemical interventions. It provides valuable insights into pathogen prevalence and diversity, supporting the development of effective management strategies for healthier crop production. The seed health status of podded vegetable crops, such as yard long beans and country beans, and root vegetables, including bottle gourds, sweet gourds, and sponge gourds, was examined in 2015 at the Seed Health Laboratory (SHL) of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Loose seeds from each crop were collected from various wholesale seed markets in Dhaka. Two seed health assessment methods recommended by ISTA were employed: dry seed examination and the blotter method. The prevalence of seed-borne fungi varied significantly across different vegetable seeds, depending on the seed category and source. Six seed-borne fungi were identified in the examined seeds of three vegetable crop groups: Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Chaetomium sp., and Alternaria spp. All six fungi were detected in the seeds of podded vegetables, while five were found in the seeds of leafy vegetables. Using the blotter method, seeds from Alo Bij Vander exhibited the highest level of fungal infection, whereas seeds from Bismillah Seed Store showed the lowest level. Among the crops, radish seeds displayed the highest frequency of seed-borne fungi, while yard long beans had the lowest. Based on the findings, it was evident that the health condition of loose vegetable seeds was substandard. However, further research with more representative seed samples from various markets across Bangladesh is necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of seed health in relation to different seed sources.
The Impact of Efficiency, Financing Risk, Liquidity, Independent Commissioner Composition, and Sharia Supervisory Board toward Financial Performance in Sharia Banks
Authors: Palupi Kunty Imas , Fakhruddin Iwan , Pramono Hadi , Hapsari Ira
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aims to examine impact of Efficiency, Financing Risk, Liquidity, Independent Commissioner Composition, and Good Corporate Governance toward Financial Performance in Sharia Bank. The independent variables used in this study are Efficiency (BOPO), Financing Risk (NPF), Liquidity (FDR), Independent Commissioner Composition, and the Sharia Supervisory Board. While the dependent variable of this study is Financial Performance (ROA).
Study Design:  Quantitative, Panel data regression on time series data.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: with a purposive sampling approach, a total of 70 consisting of 10 companies listed on the Financial Service Authority in 2017-2023.
Methodology: This study utilized the Random Effect Regression Model based on the preliminary test result for panel data regression.
Results: The result on this study indicate that BOPO doesn’t affect financial performance, NPF and FDR have a negative effect on financial performance, ICC doesn’t affect financial performance, and GCG doesn’t effect on financial performance.
Conclusion: This study concludes that improving on Islamic banks financial performance is influence by several factors, including NPF. The result can be reference for Islamic banks in making financial decision. In addition, this research can also help investors can make decision in Islamic banks.
Comparison of the Writing Characteristics of "Statistics and Probability" in Chinese and American Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Youli Wu , Yucheng Jiang , Ninghang Zeng , Lixia Ye
Published: February 2025

This paper selects junior high School mathematics textbooks from the Zhejiang Education Edition in China and the Glencoe Edition in the United States, and conducts a comparative study on the writing characteristics of "Statistics and Probability" content in the textbooks of the two countries by comparing the breadth, depth, and content connections of knowledge points. The paper employs content analysis to count the number of knowledges points and assesses the curriculum coverage using a difficulty model. Building on Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives and integrating the connotations of target behavior verbs from mathematics curriculum standards, the cognitive domain is categorized into four levels: awareness, understanding, mastery, and application. The depth of the two textbooks is quantitatively analyzed by considering the presentation methods of content. Variance and Markov sequence analyses, facilitated by Matlab software, are used to compare the transitions and connections of knowledge points, revealing the characteristics of difficulty distribution and structural design. The findings indicate that the Zhejiang Education Edition emphasizes the theoretical and foundational aspects of statistics, with content depth primarily at the awareness and understanding levels, and knowledge points are often introduced through examples. In contrast, the Glencoe Edition has broader coverage in data analysis and practical applications, with cognitive levels reaching mastery and application.
Enhancing Teacher Training for Social Improvement in Education: Innovative Approaches and Best Practices
Authors: Apelehin Adeniyi Adebowale , Ajuluchukwu Pius , Okonkwo Chioma Angela , Imohiosen Cyril Enahore , Iguma Dorothy Ruth
Published: February 2025

Effective teacher training plays a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education and fostering social improvement within educational systems. This review explores innovative approaches and best practices aimed at enhancing teacher training to drive positive social change in education.  In today's rapidly evolving educational landscape, teachers are faced with diverse challenges ranging from cultural diversity to technological advancements. Therefore, equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge becomes imperative to address these challenges effectively.  Innovative approaches to teacher training encompass a multifaceted approach, incorporating elements such as experiential learning, technology integration, culturally responsive teaching, and social-emotional learning. Experiential learning methodologies, including simulations and real-world problem-solving scenarios, provide teachers with hands-on experiences to better understand and navigate complex classroom dynamics. Additionally, integrating technology into teacher training allows educators to leverage digital tools for personalized learning experiences and classroom management. Furthermore, culturally responsive teaching practices acknowledge the diverse backgrounds and experiences of students, fostering inclusivity and equity within the classroom. Social-emotional learning (SEL) initiatives equip teachers with strategies to support students' socio-emotional development, promoting positive relationships and emotional well-being. Best practices in teacher training emphasize collaborative partnerships between educational institutions, government agencies, and community stakeholders. Professional development opportunities, mentorship programs, and ongoing support systems contribute to the continuous growth and development of educators. By embracing innovative approaches and implementing best practices in teacher training, educational systems can empower teachers to become catalysts for social improvement, ultimately enhancing the quality of education and fostering inclusive, equitable learning environments.
Study the Effect of Foliar Spray of Different Chemicals on Flowering and Fruiting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari
Authors: Singh Shivnandan , Deshmukh Umesh B. , Paikra M.S. , Singh Jitendra , Nishad Dikeshwar , Gupta Nikhil , Dahariya Bharat K.
Published: February 2025

The current study was conducted during the year 2022-23 at Horticulture Farm, Bharregaon under Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon, (C.G.), during the period from first fortnight of October 2022 and November 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with a total of 11 treatment where urea at 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, KNO3 at 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, Ethephon at 250 mg, SOP at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and control (spray in water).The present experiment revealed that the treatment T6 (KNO3 @ 2.5 %) exhibited better performance in relation to vegetative and growth parameters like minimum vegetative shoots per terminal (0.62), maximum of flowering shoots per terminal (0.98), minimum vegetative shoots  (7.64%), maximum flowering shoots (91.55%) and minimum days for full bloom (19.11 days), maximum panicle length (44.39 cm) yield parameters like highest weight of fruits (265.11g), highest length of fruits (11.18 cm), maximum  diameter of fruits (7.43 cm), maximum number of fruits per panicle (13.80 cm), Higher number of fruits per tree (294.50) and maximum fruit yield per tree (78.76 kg/tree) and quality parameters like maximum total soluble solids (19.89 0Brix), minimum acidity (0.16%), total sugar (13.61 %), reducing sugar (10.41%) and non-reducing sugar (3.12%). Hence, the treatment T6 (KNO3 @ 2.5%) may be recommended for foliar spray for improvement of vegetative growth, fruiting, quality and yield parameters of mango cv. Dashehari.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Indices in Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Subjected to Post-emergence Application of Bensulfuron-methyl and Bispyribac-sodium Herbicides at Different Times
Authors: Tizhe Tari Dlama , Yusuf Comfort Sankem , Zakawa Ndale Ngidda , Mallum Sabastine Midawa , Umar Rabiatu
Published: February 2025

This study focused on evaluating indices of oxidative stress in Faro 51 and Faro 59 rice varieties subjected to bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicide treatments at different application times. Using a split-plot experimental design replicated three times, a field study was carried out during the 2024 rainy season at the Research Farm of Adamawa State University, Mubi. The study treatments consisted of: two rice varieties, three periods of herbicide application, bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicides each at 200 and 400 g/ha and 200 and 400 ml/ha concentrations respectively and hoe weeded and weedy check were used as controls. The leaf samples of the rice plants from each treatment plot were obtained at the first and third Weeks after Treatment (WAT). The results showed that weedy check treatment resulted to lowest production of superoxide dismutase and catalase at the first and second sampling than the hoe weeded and herbicide treatments. The malondialdehydes (MD) rate due to hoe weeded (6.08 µmol/g) and 200 g/ha bispyribac-sodium (4.50 µmol/g) treatments were the lowest at first and second sampling respectively when compared with that of other treatments. Also, the 2, 3 and 4 Weeks after Sowing (WAS) application times had significant difference in their effect against the rate of antioxidants production in the rice plants. The 2 WAS caused the highest rate of MD, ascorbic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) than 3 and 4 WAS application times. The highest rate of superoxide dismutase (SD) and catalase at the first and second sampling were on the other hand recorded at 4 WAS application time. Again, the herbicide effect based on the rice variety showed that, Faro 51 & Faro 59 rice varieties had significant difference in their rate of antioxidants production. Faro 51 had the highest rate of MD, AA and HP than Faro 59. However, Faro 59 had the highest of SD and catalase than Faro 51. The study concluded that, Faro 59 rice variety has more resistance to oxidative stress than Faro 51 rice variety when subjected to bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicides. The application of the two herbicides at 2 WAS induce more oxidative stress on the two rice varieties than at 3 and 4 WAS.
Impact of Land Uses on Soil Quality and Microbial Dynamics in Eastern Indian Terai Region
Authors: Ghosh Souvik , Deb Shovik
Published: February 2025

Soil quality and microbial dynamics are major determining factors of soil’s ecosystem functions. The eastern Indian Terai region, situated at the foothills of the Himalayas, is known for its diverse land uses and coarse alluvial fertile soils. This study examined the impact of two distinct land uses i.e. forests and croplands on soil quality and microbial dynamics in a part of this Terai region, located within the Indian state of West Bengal. Outcomes indicated that forest soils had higher total organic carbon and better microbial dynamics in terms of biomass carbon and activity. Regular addition of fresh organic matter (by leaf and litterfall) and higher residence time of carbon in undisturbed ecology may be the causes for this. In contrast, cropland soils showed higher presence of available nitrogen and phosphorus, possibly due to injudicious application of fertilizers. Leaching and runoff losses of these elements might cause environmental degradation like nitrate contamination in water and eutrophication. This study emphasized how natural ecology like forest improves soil quality and microbial dynamics while anthropogenic managements cause soil and environmental degradations.
Building Automated Security Pipeline for Containerized Microservices
Authors: Palavesam Kuppusamy Vellamadam , Arcot Siva Venkatesh , Krishnamoorthy Mahesh Vaijainthymala , G V Ebishdon
Published: February 2025

DevOps and microservices architectures are increasingly being adopted by organizations to improve software delivery agility, scalability, and speed. These techniques transform development workflows, resulting in faster innovation and deployment. However, they pose distinct security challenges, especially in containerized systems. Containers, as lightweight and scalable solutions, are essential to microservices; nonetheless, they are prone to hazards like misconfiguration, insecure images, and security vulnerabilities during execution. Addressing the security of these systems is critical for maintaining trust, safeguarding sensitive data, and allowing new cloud-native ecosystems. This comprises automating security checks including vulnerability scanning, security testing, and policy enforcement within the CI CD pipeline. Securing container images, ensuring compliance with corporate regulations, achieving runtime monitoring, and aiding developers with constant input are all key approaches. Automating these procedures allows firms to proactively mitigate risks, assure consistent protection, and build a culture in which security is seamlessly incorporated into the development lifecycle. This method enables enterprises to accomplish both faster delivery and comprehensive security, paving the door for scalable, safe, and high-performance microservices implementations. This article investigates the revolutionary impact of DevOps and microservices, the vital requirement for security in containerized settings, and solutions for developing automated security pipelines using tools like SAST and DAST, without sacrificing the speed and efficiency of CI/CD workflows.
Socio-economic Transformation and its Impact on Community-based Development: A Case Study of Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency
Authors: Hanafi Ali , Jafar Nurhayati
Published: February 2025

Community-based development is one of the strategies to empower local communities in facing socioeconomic challenges. This study aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic transformation on the sustainability of community-based development in Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency. A qualitative approach was used to explore changes in social structure, community participation, and the dynamics of relationships between development actors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and local document studies. The results show that changes in social structure due to migration and modernization have an impact on community participation patterns, which affect the effectiveness of development programs. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of an adaptive approach to local dynamics to promote development sustainability.
The Limits of Clinician Vigilance as an AI Safety Bulwark
Authors: Adler-Milstein Julia , Redelmeier Donald A. , Wachter Robert M.
Published: March 2024

This Viewpoint examines the potential problems of clinician reliance on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care and offers suggestions on how AI could be designed to promote clinician vigilance.
Plasma membrane SK2 channel activity regulates migration and chemosensitivity of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Romito Olivier , Lemettre Aude , Chantôme Aurélie , Champion Ophélie , Couty Noémie , Ouldamer Lobna , Hempel Nadine , Trebak Mohamed , Goupille Caroline , Potier‐Cartereau Marie
Published: March 2024

No data are currently available on the functional role of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (SKCa) in ovarian cancer. Here, we characterized the role of SK2 (KCa2.2) in ovarian cancer cell migration and chemosensitivity. Using the selective non‐cell‐permeant SK2 inhibitor Lei‐Dab7, we identified functional SK2 channels at the plasma membrane, regulating store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in both cell lines tested (COV504 and OVCAR3). Silencing KCNN2 with short interfering RNA (siRNA), or blocking SK2 activity with Lei‐Dab7, decreased cell migration. The more robust effect of KCNN2 knockdown compared to Lei‐Dab7 treatment suggested the involvement of functional intracellular SK2 channels in both cell lines. In cells treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an ovarian cancer biomarker of progression, SK2 channels are a key player of LPA pro‐migratory activity but their role in SOCE is abolished. Concerning chemotherapy, SK2 inhibition increased chemoresistance to Taxol® and low KCNN2 mRNA expression was associated with the worst prognosis for progression‐free survival in patients with serous ovarian cancer. The dual roles of SK2 mean that SK2 activators could be used as an adjuvant chemotherapy to potentiate treatment efficacy and SK2 inhibitors could be administrated as monotherapy to limit cancer cell dissemination.
Wireless, Battery‐Free, Optoelectronic Diagnostic Sensor Integrated Colorimetric Dressing for Advanced Wound Care
Authors: Cho Seokjoo , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Ahn Junseong , Han Hyeonseok , Jeong Yongrok , Jeon Sohee , Hwang Soonhyoung , Choi Jungrak , Oh Yong Suk , Kim Dahong , Park Su A , Lee Donho , Ahn Jihyeon , Kang Byeongmin , Kang Byung‐Ho , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu
Published: March 2024

Recently, addressing various wounds, ranging from skin injuries to pressure and chronic ulcers, has necessitated a more detailed approach to wound condition monitoring aimed at enhancing the patient's quality of life. Although most available wound dressings offer protection and promote the regeneration of wound lesions, they fail to monitor wound progression. To meet this need, this study introduces a pioneering solution: a wireless, battery‐free, optoelectronic diagnostic sensor seamlessly integrated into a colorimetric, pH‐sensitive wound dressing, designed to significantly enhance patient quality of life through improved wound care. Curcumin‐polycaprolactone (C‐PCL) dressing protect the wounds, promote cell regeneration, and possess antimicrobial properties. In addition, the dressing exhibits colorimetric pH‐monitoring capabilities across different wound conditions, enabling individuals without specialized knowledge to assess the status of their wounds. The core innovation lies in the integration of a green light‐emitting diode (LED) and photodiode, which meticulously evaluates color changes from yellow to red of colorimetric dressing, enhance the precision of this user‐friendly colorimetric diagnosis strategy. The integration of wireless battery‐free systems facilitates quantitative and real‐time monitoring of wound data in patients without inconvenience. These innovations will pave the way for rapid wound status evaluation, ensuring timely interventions and optimized care for deteriorating wound conditions.
Scalable and Versatile Metal Ion Solidificated Alginate Hydrogel for Skin Wound Infection Therapy
Authors: Zhang Haomiao , Lu Ye , Huang Lei , Liu Ping , Ni Jun , Yang Tianqi , Li Yihong , Zhong Yu , He Xinping , Xia Xinhui , Zhou Jiancang
Published: March 2024

Bacterial infections in wounds continue to be a major challenge in clinical settings worldwide and represent a significant threat to human health. This work proposes novel expandable and versatile methods for solidifying sodium alginate (SA) with metal ions (such as Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) to create Metal‐Alginate (M‐Alg) hydrogel with adjustable morphology, composition, and microstructure. It conforms to the wound site, protects against second infection, reduces inflammation, and promotes the healing of infected wounds. Among these hydrogels, Cu‐Alginate (Cu‐Alg) shows excellent sterilization effect and good efficacy against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, including multidrug‐resistant (MDR) strains such as Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) due to its dual antibacterial mechanisms: contact‐killing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Importantly, it exhibits low cytotoxicity and biodegradability. This simple and cost‐effective gel‐based system has the potential to introduce an innovative approach to the management of wound infection and offers promising new perspectives for the advancement of wound care practice.
Understanding the Influence of Serum Proteins Adsorption on the Mechano‐Bactericidal Efficacy and Immunomodulation of Nanostructured Titanium
Authors: Martins de Sousa Karolinne , Linklater Denver P. , Baulin Vladimir A. , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Mayes Edwin , Murdoch Billy J. , Le Phuc H. , Fluke Christopher J. , Boshkovikj Veselin , Wen Cuie , Crawford Russell J. , Ivanova Elena P.
Published: March 2024

Nanostructured surfaces are effective at physically killing bacterial cells, highlighting their prospective application as biomaterials. The benefits of application of mechano‐bactericidal nanostructures as an alternative to chemical functionalisation are well documented, however, the effects of protein adsorption are not well understood. In this work, theoretical and experimental analyses are conducted by studying the adsorption of human serum proteins (HSP) to nanosheet titanium (Ti) and its subsequent effect on the mechano‐bactericidal efficacy toward Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The nanosheet pattern exhibits enhanced antibiofouling behaviour mantaining high bactericidal efficiency toward both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive cells in the presence of adsorbed HSP. To ascertain the immunomodulatory response, S. aureus cells are introduced to protein‐conditioned Ti nanosheet surfaces prior to introducing RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the pre‐infected nanostructured surfaces, macrophages exhibit wound healing behaviour with superior activation of M2‐like macrophage polarization and secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, macrophages attached to infected smooth surfaces activated the M1‐like polarized phenotype via the high expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, indicating persistent inflammation. The outcomes of this work demonstrate the suitability of Ti nanosheets as a potential biomaterial surface whereby the mechano‐bactericidal activity is not compromised by HSP adsorption and, furthermore, positively influenced an anti‐inflammatory immune response.
Emerging Cu‐Based Tandem Catalytic Systems for CO2 Electroreduction to Multi‐Carbon Products
Authors: Qin Qingqing , Suo Hongli , Chen Lijia , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Lao Mengmeng , Lai Wei‐Hong
Published: March 2024

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to valuable chemicals and feedstocks through electrochemical reduction holds promise for achieving carbon neutrality and mitigating global warming. C2+ products are of interest due to their higher economic value. Since the CO2 to C2+ conversion process involves multiple steps, tandem catalytic strategies are commonly employed in the design of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts and systems/reactors. Among the diverse catalysts that are capable of reducing CO2 to CO, Cu stands out for more efficiently further converting CO to C2+ products. In this review, the emerging Cu‐based tandem catalysts and their impact on CO2RR performance, focusing on three positional relationships are summarized. It delves into the integration of tandem catalytic strategies into membrane electrolyzers, utilizing catalyst‐coated substrate (CCS) and catalyst‐coated membrane (CCM) technologies. Several typical examples are presented to illustrate this integration. Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying tandem strategies in the development of CO2RR catalysts/systems, as well as their device‐level implementation are indicated.
Photo‐Induced Electrical Gating with the Inserting of an Interfacial Carrier Blocking Layer for Organic/Graphene Phototransistors
Authors: Yang Weiyu , Fan Sidi , Yang Heng , Li Si , Chen Sizhe , Hu Fengrui , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaolong
Published: March 2024

Although ultrahigh photoconductive gain is achieved in organic semiconductor‐sensitized graphene phototransistors, the response speed is limited by the photo‐induced carrier injection at the organic/graphene interface. In this work, an insulating hexagonal boron nitride layer is inserted between the organic heterostructure and graphene to block the interfacial carrier transport. Above theh‐BN layer, the organic heterostructure is adopted as the light‐absorbing layer, and the photoresponse of graphene is realized through electrical gating of the atoph‐BN dielectric layer, by the accumulated carriers in the organic heterostructure. Under this “photo‐induced electrical gating” mechanism, the recombination of nonequilibrium carriers takes place only within the organic heterostructure. Furthermore, monolayer perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is deposited on graphene before transfer of theh‐BN, by which the interfacial encapsulated bubbles are effectively reduced. As a step further, the trap states are pre‐filled with background light illumination, then the carrier recombination follows the band‐to‐band pathway. Finally, the response time of the organic/h‐BN/graphene phototransistor is reduced to 7.15 ms, and a high photoresponsivity is achieved even though the carrier multiplication is sacrificed, which is reconciled by the improvement of the device quantum efficiency.
Self‐Degradable Photoactive Micromotors for Inactivation of Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yuan Xiaojiao , Suárez‐García Salvio , De Corato Marco , Muñoz Andrés Camilo , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Villa Katherine
Published: March 2024

Pathogenic bacteria pose a significant threat to human health, and their removal from food and water supplies is crucial in preventing the spread of waterborne and foodborne diseases. Recently, silver‐based photocatalytic micromotors have emerged as promising candidates for inactivating pathogenic microbes due to their high antibacterial activity. In this study, the synthesis of photoactive Ag3PO4 micromotors with a well‐defined tetrapod‐like structure (TAMs) is presented using a simple precipitation method. These TAMs autonomously move and release Ag ions/nanoparticles (NPs) through a photodegradation process when exposed to light, which enhances their antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Interestingly, different motion modes are observed under different manipulated light wavelengths and fuels. Furthermore, the self‐degradation of TAMs is accelerated in the presence of negatively charged bacteria, which results in higher removal rates of both bacteria, E. Coli and S. aureus. The findings introduce a new concept of self‐degradable micromotors based on photocatalytic components, which hold great potential for their use in antimicrobial applications. This work offers significant implications for materials chemistry, especially in designing and developing the next generation of light‐driven antimicrobial agents.
Alkyl Chain Length Dependent Luminescence and Single‐Component White‐Light Emission from Gemini Aliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Li Anze , Tang Saixing , Zhao Zihao , Zhang Qiang , Cai Yusong , Yuan Wang Zhang
Published: March 2024

Aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) with intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) have drawn increasing attention due to the importance of exploring the mechanism of ionic emissive clusters, whereas it remains challenging to clarify structure–property relationships. Here, the effective modulation of photophysical properties of gemini aliphatic QASs (n‐BTADB) is managed by altering the alkyl chain length. Boosted quantum yields (up to 24.6%), prolonged phosphorescence lifetimes (up to 515.2 ms), and varied PL colors are achieved by manipulating the aggregation states of the compounds. Interlaced herringbone packing patterns and strong ionic interactions facilitate the intersystem crossing process and stabilize the triplets. The confluence of varied hydrophobic interactions and chain flexibility results in the fluctuation of phosphorescence lifetimes as the alkyl chain lengthens. Furthermore, the single‐component white‐light emission is obtained in 12‐HBTADB crystals by introducing electron‐rich hydroxyls. These results shed new light on the structure–property relationships of ionic emissive clusters and the rational design of nonconventional ionic luminophores.
An Optimized Human Erythroblast Differentiation System Reveals Cholesterol‐Dependency of Robust Production of Cultured Red Blood Cells Ex Vivo
Authors: Wang Enyu , Liu Senquan , Zhang Xinye , Peng Qingyou , Yu Huijuan , Gao Lei , Xie An , Ma Ding , Zhao Gang , Cheng Linzhao
Published: March 2024

The generation of cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) ex vivo represents a potentially unlimited source for RBC transfusion and other cell therapies. Human cRBCs can be generated from the terminal differentiation of proliferating erythroblasts derived from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells or erythroid precursors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Efficient differentiation and maturation into cRBCs highly depend on replenishing human plasma, which exhibits variable potency across donors or batches and complicates the consistent cRBC production required for clinical translation. Hence, the role of human plasma in erythroblast terminal maturation is investigated and uncovered that 1) a newly developed cell culture basal medium mimicking the metabolic profile of human plasma enhances cell growth and increases cRBC yield upon erythroblast terminal differentiation and 2) LDL‐carried cholesterol, as a substitute for human plasma, is sufficient to support erythroid survival and terminal differentiation ex vivo. Consequently, a chemically‐defined optimized medium (COM) is developed, enabling robust generation of cRBCs from erythroblasts of multiple origins, with improved enucleation efficiency and higher reticulocyte yield, without the need for supplementing human plasma or serum. In addition, the results reveal the crucial role of lipid metabolism during human terminal erythropoiesis.
Design and Development of Transient Sensing Devices for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Janićijević Željko , Huang Tao , Bojórquez Diana Isabel Sandoval , Tonmoy Taufhik Hossain , Pané Salvador , Makarov Denys , Baraban Larysa
Published: March 2024

With the ever‐growing requirements in the healthcare sector aimed at personalized diagnostics and treatment, continuous and real‐time monitoring of relevant parameters is gaining significant traction. In many applications, health status monitoring may be carried out by dedicated wearable or implantable sensing devices only within a defined period and followed by sensor removal without additional risks for the patient. At the same time, disposal of the increasing number of conventional portable electronic devices with short life cycles raises serious environmental concerns due to the dangerous accumulation of electronic and chemical waste. An attractive solution to address these complex and contradictory demands is offered by biodegradable sensing devices. Such devices may be able to perform required tests within a programmed period and then disappear by safe resorption in the body or harmless degradation in the environment. This work critically assesses the design and development concepts related to biodegradable and bioresorbable sensors for healthcare applications. Different aspects are comprehensively addressed, from fundamental material properties and sensing principles to application‐tailored designs, fabrication techniques, and device implementations. The emerging approaches spanning the last 5 years are emphasized and a broad insight into the most important challenges and future perspectives of biodegradable sensors in healthcare are provided.
Inflammatory Microenvironment‐Responsive Hydrogels Enclosed with Quorum Sensing Inhibitor for Treating Post‐Traumatic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Lu Huidan , Zhang Wanying , Hu Jiahao , Zeng Yifei , Hu Huiqun , Shi Liyun , Xia Jingyan , Xu Feng
Published: March 2024

Non‐antibiotic strategies are desperately needed to treat post‐traumatic osteomyelitis (PTO) due to the emergence of superbugs, complex inflammatory microenvironments, and greatly enriched biofilms. Previously, growing evidence indicated that quorum sensing (QS), a chemical communication signal among bacterial cells, can accelerate resistance under evolutionary pressure. This study aims to develop a medical dressing to treat PTO by inhibiting QS and regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, which includes severe oxidative stress and acid abscesses, through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive bond between N1‐ (4‐borobenzoyl)‐N3‐(4‐borobenzoyl)‐the N1, the N1, N3, N3‐tetramethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine (TSPBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the amino side chain of hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL). Physically enclosed QS inhibitors subsequently exerted the antibacterial effects. This hydrogel can scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion free radical (·O2−), hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and 2,2‐di(4‐tert‐octylphenyl)‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit “bacteria‐to‐bacteria communication”, thus clearing planktonic bacteria and biofilms, accelerating bacterial plasmolysis, reducing bacterial virulence and interfering with membrane transport. After in vivo treatment with hydrogel, nearly all bacteria are eliminated, inflammation is effectively inhibited, and osteogenesis and bone repair are promoted to facilitate recovery from PTO. The work demonstrates the clinical translational potential of the hydrogel in the treatment of drug‐resistant bacteria induced PTO.