bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covalent Organic Framework/Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofiber for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Quinolones in Food Samples
Authors: Zhou Jinghui , Chen An , Guo Hongying , Li Yijun , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui
Published: July 2022

The extraction of quinolone antibiotics (QAs) is crucial for the environment and human health. In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/covalent organic framework TpPa–1 nanofiber was prepared by an electrospinning technique and used as an adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) of five QAs in the honey and pork. The morphology and structure of the adsorbent were characterized, and the extraction and desorption conditions for the targeted analytes were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, a sensitive method was developed by using PAN/TpPa–1 nanofiber as an adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for five QAs detection. It offered good linearity in the ranges of 0.5–200 ng·mL−1 for pefloxacin, enrofloxacin, and orbifloxacin, and of 1–200 ng·mL−1 for norfloxacin and sarafloxacin with correlation coefficients above 0.9946. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of five QAs ranged from 0.03 to 0.133 ng·mL−1. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations of the five QAs with the spiked concentration of 50 ng·mL−1 were 2.8–4.0 and 3.0–8.8, respectively. The recoveries of five QAs in the honey and pork samples were 81.6–119.7%, which proved that the proposed method has great potential for the efficient extraction and determination of QAs in complex samples.
Study on Nanoporous Graphene-Based Hybrid Architecture for Surface Bonding
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Chen Mingxiang , Zhang Jingshuang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2022

Graphene-copper nanolayered composites have received research interest as promising packaging materials in developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. The weak van der Waal (vdW) contact between graphene and metal matrix significantly reduces the mechanical performance of such composites. The current study describes a new Cu-nanoporous graphene-Cu based bonding method with a low bonding temperature and good dependability. The deposition of copper atoms onto nanoporous graphene can help to generate nanoislands on the graphene surface, facilitating atomic diffusion bonding to bulk copper bonding surfaces at low temperatures, according to our extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the bonding process and pull-out verification using the canonical ensemble (NVT). Furthermore, the interfacial mechanical characteristics of graphene/Cu nanocomposites can be greatly improved by the resistance of nanostructure in nanoporous graphene. These findings are useful in designing advanced metallic surface bonding processes and graphene-based composites with tenable performance.
Mechanism for the Intercalation of Aniline Cations into the Interlayers of Graphite
Authors: Guo Yifan , Li Ying , Wei Wei , Su Junhua , Li Jinyang , Shang Yanlei , Wang Yong , Xu Xiaoling , Hui David , Zhou Zuowan
Published: July 2022

The dynamic behaviors of aniline cation (ANI+) intercalating into graphite interlayers are systematically studied by experimental studies and multiscale simulations. The in situ intercalation polymerization designed by response surface methods implies the importance of ultrasonication for achieving the intercalation of ANI+. Molecular dynamics and quantum chemical simulations prove the adsorption of ANI+ onto graphite surfaces by cation–π electrostatic interactions, weakening the π–π interactions between graphene layers. The ultrasonication that follows breaks the hydrated ANI+ clusters into individual ANI+. Thus, the released positive charges of these dissociative cations and reduced steric hindrance significantly improve their intercalation ability. With the initial kinetic energy provided by ultrasonic field, the activated ANI+ are able to intercalate into the interlayer of graphite. This work demonstrates the intercalation behaviors of ANI+, which provides an opportunity for investigations regarding organic-molecule-intercalated graphite compounds.
A Durable Magnetic Superhydrophobic Melamine Sponge: For Solving Complex Marine Oil Spills
Authors: Si Hanmo , Liu Qingwang , Fan Zhenzhong , Wang Biao , Tong Qilei , Lin Mengqi
Published: July 2022

The problem of offshore oil leakage has wreaked havoc on the environment and people’s health. A simple and environmentally friendly impregnation method combined with marine mussel bionics was used to address this issue. Using the viscosity of polydopamine (PDA), nano- Fe3O4 and WS2 adhered to the framework of the melamine sponge (MS), and then the magnetic sponge was modified with n-octadecanethiol (OTD), and finally the superhydrophobic magnetic melamine sponge (mMS) was prepared. The modified sponge has superhydrophobicity (WCA, 156.8° ± 1.18°), high adsorbability (40~100 g°g−1), recyclability (oil adsorbability remains essentially unchanged after 25 cycles), efficient oil–water separation performance (>98%), and can quickly separate oil on the water’s surface and underwater. Furthermore, the modified sponge exhibits excellent stability and durability under harsh operating conditions such as strong sunlight, strong acid, strong alkali, and high salt, and can control the direction of the sponge’s movement by loading a magnetic field. To summarize, mMS has many potential applications as a new magnetic adsorption material for dealing with complex offshore oil spill events.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Glomerular Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gupta Anubhuti , Singh Kunal , Fatima Sameen , Ambreen Saira , Zimmermann Silke , Younis Ruaa , Krishnan Shruthi , Rana Rajiv , Gadi Ihsan , Schwab Constantin , Biemann Ronald , Shahzad Khurrum , Rani Vibha , Ali Shakir , Mertens Peter Rene , Kohli Shrey , Isermann Berend
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease largely due to lifestyle and nutritional imbalance, resulting in insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and vascular complications. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal failure contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic options to prevent or reverse DKD progression are limited. Endothelial and glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) dysfunction and sterile inflammation are associated with DKD. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), originally identified as an innate immune mechanism to combat infection, have been implicated in sterile inflammatory responses in non-communicable diseases. However, the contribution of NETs in DKD remains unknown. Here, we show that biomarkers of NETs are increased in diabetic mice and diabetic patients and that these changes correlate with DKD severity. Mechanistically, NETs promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular endothelial dysfunction under high glucose stress in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of NETs (PAD4 inhibitor) ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in DKD. Taken together, NET-induced sterile inflammation promotes diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction, identifying a new pathomechanism contributing to DKD. Inhibition of NETs may be a promising therapeutic strategy in DKD.
Comparison of Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Children/Adolescents with New-Onset Asthma with Different Adiposity Statuses
Authors: Ying Xiaolan , Lin Jie , Yuan Shuhua , Pan Chunhong , Dong Wenfang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lei , Lin Jilei , Yin Yong , Wu Jinhong
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: The relationship between obesity and asthma is still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of overweight/obesity on the pulmonary function of patients with new-onset pediatric asthma and explore the possible causative factors related to concomitant obesity and asthma. (2) Methods: Patients aged 5 to 17 years old with newly diagnosed mild to moderate asthma were recruited from June 2018 to May 2019, from a respiratory clinic in Shanghai, China. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese asthma. A family history of atopy and patients’ personal allergic diseases were recorded. Pulmonary function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophils, serum-specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE), serum total IgE (tIgE), and serum inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, Type 1 helper T, and Type 2 helper T cytokines) were tested in all participants. (3) Results: A total of 407 asthma patients (197 normal weight, 92 overweight, and 118 obese) were enrolled. There was a reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25–75% in the overweight/obese groups. No difference was found between the study groups in the main allergy characteristics. Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin was lower in asthmatics with obesity. Higher levels of IL-16 were found in overweight/obese asthmatic individuals than in normal-weight individuals. (4) Conclusions: Obesity may have an effect on impaired pulmonary function. While atopic inflammation plays an important role in the onset of asthma, nonatopic inflammation (including leptin and adiponectin) increases the severity of asthma in overweight/obese patients. The significance of different levels of IL-16 between groups needs to be further studied.
Honeys as Possible Sources of Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Szwajgier Dominik , Baranowska-Wójcik Ewa , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna , Gajowniczek-Ałasa Dorota
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by low levels of the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine), oxidative stress, and inflammation of the central nervous system. The only currently available form of treatment entails the administration of AChE/BChE (acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase) inhibitors to patients diagnosed with the disease. However, AD prevention is possible by administering the correct inhibitors with food. The aim of this study was to examine 19 types of honey in terms of their contents of cholinesterase inhibitors. The inhibition of AChE and BChE relative to the respective honey samples was evaluated using Ellman’s colorimetric method, including the “false-positive” effect. The highest potential for AChE inhibition was observed in the case of thyme honey (21.17% inhibition), while goldenrod honey showed the highest capacity for BChE inhibition (33.89%). Our study showed that honeys may provide a rich source of cholinesterase inhibitors and, in this way, play a significant role in AD.
Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis
Authors: Buhaș Mihaela Cristina , Gavrilaș Laura Ioana , Candrea Rareș , Cătinean Adrian , Mocan Andrei , Miere Doina , Tătaru Alexandru
Published: July 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathogenic characteristics and is caused by chronic inflammation, which results in uncontrolled keratinocyte growth and defective differentiation. The link between the gut microbiota and immune system regulation opened a novel angle to understand the pathogenesis of many chronic multifactorial diseases, including psoriasis. Current evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota, both through dietary approaches and through supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, could represent a novel therapeutic approach. The present work aims to highlight the latest scientific evidence regarding the microbiome alterations of psoriatic patients, as well as state of the art insights in terms of microbiome-targeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools for psoriasis.
A Ruptured Left Gastric Artery Aneurysm That Neoplasticized during the Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report
Authors: Ano Satoshi , Shinkura Yuto , Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Kusunoki Naoaki , Kawasaki Satoru , Nishisaki Hogara
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known to cause respiratory and systemic symptoms. A SARS-CoV-2 infection is involved in aneurysm formation, enlargement, and rupture in medium-sized vessels, such as the cerebral and coronary arteries and the aorta. In contrast, its involvement in forming aneurysms in medium-sized vessels other than the cerebral and coronary arteries has not been reported. An 84-year-old Japanese man with COVID-19 was admitted to our hospital. The treatment course was favorable, and the COVID-19 treatment was completed by the 10th day. On day 14, pancreatic enzymes increased mildly. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a ruptured left gastric aneurysm after spontaneous hemostasis. Arterial embolization was performed. In this patient, a new left gastric aneurysm was suspected of having formed and ruptured during the course of the COVID-19 treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of abdominal visceral aneurysm formation caused by COVID-19 in a medium-sized vessel, and it is necessary to remember that aneurysms can be formed at any site when treating this syndrome.
Daily Intraperitoneal Administration of Rosiglitazone Does Not Improve Lung Function or Alveolarization in Preterm Rabbits Exposed to Hyperoxia
Authors: Aquila Giorgio , Regin Yannick , Murgia Xabier , Salomone Fabrizio , Casiraghi Costanza , Catozzi Chiara , Scalera Enrica , Storti Matteo , Stretti Francesca , Aquino Giancarlo , Cavatorta Giorgia , Volta Roberta , Di Pasquale Carmelina , Amato Caterina , Bignami Fabio , Amidani Davide , Pioselli Barbara , Sgarbi Elisa , Ronchi Paolo , Mazzola Giuseppe , Valenzuela Ignacio , Toelen Jaan
Published: July 2022

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent PPARγ agonists that have been shown to attenuate alveolar simplification after prolonged hyperoxia in term rodent models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the pulmonary outcomes of postnatal TZDs have not been investigated in preterm animal models. Here, we first investigated the PPARγ selectivity, epithelial permeability, and lung tissue binding of three types of TZDs in vitro (rosiglitazone (RGZ), pioglitazone, and DRF-2546), followed by an in vivo study in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen) to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the pulmonary outcomes of daily RGZ administration. In addition, blood lipids and a comparative lung proteomics analysis were also performed on Day 7. All TZDs showed high epithelial permeability through Caco-2 monolayers and high plasma and lung tissue binding; however, RGZ showed the highest affinity for PPARγ. The pharmacokinetic profiling of RGZ (1 mg/kg) revealed an equivalent biodistribution after either intratracheal or intraperitoneal administration, with detectable levels in lungs and plasma after 24 h. However, daily RGZ doses of 1 mg/kg did not improve lung function in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia, and daily 10 mg/kg doses were even associated with a significant lung function worsening, which could be partially explained by the upregulation of lung inflammation and lipid metabolism pathways revealed by the proteomic analysis. Notably, daily postnatal RGZ produced an aberrant modulation of serum lipids, particularly in rabbit pups treated with the 10 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, daily postnatal RGZ did not improve lung function and caused dyslipidemia in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia.
Flexible Multiplane Structured Illumination Microscope with a Four-Camera Detector
Authors: Johnson Karl A. , Noble Daniel , Machado Rosa , Paul Tristan C. , Hagen Guy M.
Published: July 2022

Fluorescence microscopy provides an unparalleled tool for imaging biological samples. However, producing high-quality volumetric images quickly and without excessive complexity remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a four-camera structured illumination microscope (SIM) capable of simultaneously imaging multiple focal planes, allowing for the capture of 3D fluorescent images without any axial movement of the sample. This setup allows for the acquisition of many different 3D imaging modes, including 3D time lapses, high-axial-resolution 3D images, and large 3D mosaics. We imaged mitochondrial motions in live cells, neuronal structure in Drosophila larvae, and imaged up to 130 µm deep into mouse brain tissue. After SIM processing, the resolution measured using one of the four cameras improved from 357 nm to 253 nm when using a 30×/1.05 NA objective.
Physiological and Molecular Responses of Woody Plants Exposed to Future Atmospheric CO2 Levels under Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Lobo Ana Karla M. , Catarino Ingrid C. A. , Silva Emerson A. , Centeno Danilo C. , Domingues Douglas S.
Published: July 2022

Climate change is mainly driven by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere in the last century. Plant growth is constantly challenged by environmental fluctuations including heat waves, severe drought and salinity, along with ozone accumulation in the atmosphere. Food security is at risk in an increasing world population, and it is necessary to face the current and the expected effects of global warming. The effects of the predicted environment scenario of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and more severe abiotic stresses have been scarcely investigated in woody plants, and an integrated view involving physiological, biochemical and molecular data is missing. This review highlights the effects of elevated CO2 in the metabolism of woody plants and the main findings of its interaction with abiotic stresses, including a molecular point of view, aiming to improve the understanding of how woody plants will face the predicted environmental conditions. Overall, e[CO2] stimulates photosynthesis and growth and attenuates mild to moderate abiotic stress in woody plants if root growth and nutrients are not limited. Moreover, e[CO2] does not induce acclimation in most tree species. Some high-throughput analyses involving omics techniques were conducted to better understand how these processes are regulated. Finally, knowledge gaps in the understanding of how the predicted climate condition will affect woody plant metabolism were identified, with the aim of improving the growth and production of this plant species.
Microbial Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA) as an Effective Tooth Enamel Protectant
Authors: Parati Mattia , Clarke Louisa , Anderson Paul , Hill Robert , Khalil Ibrahim , Tchuenbou-Magaia Fideline , Stanley Michele S. , McGee Donal , Mendrek Barbara , Kowalczuk Marek , Radecka Iza
Published: July 2022

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a bio-derived water-soluble, edible, non-immunogenic nylon-like polymer with the biochemical characteristics of a polypeptide. This Bacillus-derived material has great potential for a wide range of applications, from bioremediation to tunable drug delivery systems. In the context of oral care, γ-PGA holds great promise in enamel demineralisation prevention. The salivary protein statherin has previously been shown to protect tooth enamel from acid dissolution and act as a reservoir for free calcium ions within oral cavities. Its superb enamel-binding capacity is attributed to the L-glutamic acid residues of this 5380 Da protein. In this study, γ-PGA was successfully synthesised from Bacillus subtilis natto cultivated on supplemented algae media and standard commercial media. The polymers obtained were tested for their potential to inhibit demineralisation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) when exposed to caries simulating acidic conditions. Formulations presenting 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 and 4% (w/v) γ-PGA concentration were assessed to determine the optimal conditions. Our data suggests that both the concentration and the molar mass of the γ-PGA were significant in enamel protection (p = 0.028 and p < 0.01 respectively). Ion Selective Electrode, combined with Fourier Transform Infra-Red studies, were employed to quantify enamel protection capacity of γ-PGA. All concentrations tested showed an inhibitory effect on the dissolution rate of calcium ions from hydroxyapatite, with 1% (wt) and 2% (wt) concentrations being the most effective. The impact of the average molar mass (M) on enamel dissolution was also investigated by employing commercial 66 kDa, 166 kDa, 440 kDa and 520 kDa γ-PGA fractions. All γ-PGA solutions adhered to the surface of HAp with evidence that this remained after 60 min of continuous acidic challenge. Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis showed a significant abundance of calcium ions associated with γ-PGA, which suggests that this material could also act as a responsive calcium delivery system. We have concluded that all γ-PGA samples tested (commercial and algae derived) display enamel protection capacity regardless of their concentration or average molar mass. However, we believe that γ-PGA D/L ratios might affect the binding more than its molar mass.
Fatigue Properties and Its Prediction of Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Ren Senzhi , Hu Xin
Published: July 2022

Polymer concrete (PC) is considered a promising repair material for asphalt pavement, since it has excellent paving performance and water stability. Although the mechanical properties of PC have been widely researched, the fatigue behavior of PC under traffic loads was still poorly understood. To predict the fatigue life and optimize the material design of PC, the semi-circular bending (SCB) tests were performed, considering different polymer content, sand ratio, aggregate features and stress condition. Two typical polymer materials were applied to prepare PC specimens, including epoxy resin (ER) and polyurethane (PU). The aggregate features were analyzed by the aggregate image measurement system. The mechanical behavior under repeated loads was investigated by the displacement, fatigue life and stiffness modulus. Results show that the flexural strength increases nonlinearly with the increasing polymer content, rapidly at first, and then slowly. The optimized polymer content and sand ratio were respectively 15% and 30%. As the loading number increases, the vertical displacement of PC shows three stages, i.e., undamaged stage, damage development stage, and fatigue failure stage. The stiffness modulus of the specimen is stress-dependent. An empirical model was developed to predict the fatigue life of PC, which can effectively capture the effects of the polymer content, sand ratio and stress level (or nominal stress ratio). It suggests that the fatigue life has a strong correlation with the mixing gradation, and the optimal sand ratio of PC can be determined by the proposed function. Moreover, the effect of aggregate shapes cannot be neglected.
High Efficiency Membranes Based on PTMSP and Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrene for Toxic Volatile Compounds Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Golubev Georgy , Sokolov Stepan , Rokhmanka Tatyana , Makaev Sergey , Borisov Ilya , Khashirova Svetlana , Volkov Alexey
Published: July 2022

For the first time, membranes based on poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) with 5–50 wt% loading of hyper-crosslinked polystyrene sorbent particles (HCPS) were obtained; the membranes were investigated for the problem of effective removal of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions using vacuum pervaporation. The industrial HCPS sorbent Purolite Macronet™ MN200 was chosen due to its high sorption capacity for organic solvents. It has been found that the membranes are asymmetric when HCPS content is higher than 30 wt%; scanning electron microscopy of the cross-sections the membranes demonstrate that they have a clearly defined thin layer, consisting mainly of PTMSP, and a thick porous layer, consisting mainly of HCPS. The transport and separation characteristics of PTMSP membranes with different HCPS loading were studied during the pervaporation separation of binary and multicomponent mixtures of water with benzene, toluene and xylene. It was shown that the addition of HCPS up to 30 wt% not only increases the permeate fluxes by 4–7 times, but at the same time leads to 1.5–2 fold increase in the separation factor. It was possible to obtain separation factors exceeding 1000 for all studied mixtures at high permeate fluxes (0.5–1 kg/m2∙h) in pervaporation separation of binary solutions.
Experimental Study on a New Combined Gas–Liquid Separator
Authors: Ji Lei , Zhao Qin , Deng Huiming , Zhang Lanyue , Deng Wanquan
Published: July 2022

Gas–liquid separation at natural gas wellheads has always been a key technical problem in the fields of natural gas transportation and storage. Developing a gas–liquid separation device that is both universal and highly efficient is the current challenge. A new type of combined gas–liquid separation device was designed in this study, and the efficiency of the separator was studied using a laser Doppler anemometer and phase Doppler particle analyzer at a flow rate of 10–60 Nm3/h. The results showed that the separation efficiency of the combined separator was above 95% at each experimental flow rate, verifying the strong applicability of the combined separator. Moreover, the separation efficiency was as high as 99% at the flow rates of 10 and 60 Nm3/h, thereby realizing efficient separation. This study is significant to the development of gas–liquid separation devices.
Research on Joint Protection Layers and Gas Prevention Technology in Outburst Coal Seams
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhang Jinshan
Published: July 2022

Outburst closed distance coal seam distances are extremely difficult to mine, and are commonly involved in safety accidents in the process of mining. Based on the engineering background of the Wulan Coal Mine at the western margin of the Ordos Basin, this paper presents a theoretical analysis, engineering analogies, and numerical simulations to determine the optimal mining sequence for the Wulan Coal Mine #7, #8, #2, and #3 coal seams. Floor penetration drilling was used to eliminate outbursts in the #7 and #8 coal seams, and gas control in the #2 and #3 coal seams was achieved using ground drilling to pump and release the pressured gas. We established a comprehensive management technology system for gas emissions from the short-distance joint protection layer in the outburst coal seams of Wulan Coal Mine, where pressure relief and drainage were carried out by drilling through the floor and surface drilling pressure relief extraction. Through field tests, the pre-drainage rate of the #2 coal seam in the Wulan Coal Mine was 66.8%, and the pre-drainage rate of the #3 coal seam was 68.1%. This shows that protective layer mining of the #7 and #8 coal seams combined with surface drilling to extract pressure-relief gas can protect the #2 and #3 coal seams.
Humanitarian Assistance in G5 Sahel: Social Sustainability Context of Macrologistics Potential
Authors: Płachciak Adam , Marcinkowski Jakub
Published: July 2022

The G5 Sahel works in collaboration with various international organizations and countries, which are responsible for managing logistics activities, financial flows, and technological solutions. Humanitarian assistance holds a critically important role in the region, despite its multiple challenges and limitations in macroeconomic development. This research aimed to examine the macrologistics potential of humanitarian assistance and protection, on both national and transnational levels, in the social sustainability context. Most of the humanitarian emergencies in the region originate from conflicts, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Sahel countries require multiple initiatives to minimize the negative effects of climate change and natural disasters. The state of logistics infrastructure, a wide range of natural and man-made disasters, as well as the macroeconomic situation of the G5 Sahel, result in common problems with the organization of humanitarian logistics from the national and transboundary perspectives. Based on the selected indicators, identified problems of humanitarian assistance and protection in G5 Sahel suggest that the above-mentioned potential of logistics activities requires tightening of transnational collaboration.
Generalized Predictive Control Scheme for a Wind Turbine System
Authors: Shiravani Fahimeh , Cortajarena Jose Antonio , Alkorta Patxi , Barambones Oscar
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a generalized predictive control scheme for wind energy conversion systems that consists of a wind turbine and a doubly-fed induction generator is proposed. The design is created by using the maximum power point tracking theory to maximize the extracted wind power, even when the turbine is uncertain or the wind speed varies abruptly. The suggested controller guarantees compliance with current constraints by applying them in the regulator’s conceptual design process to assure that the rotor windings are not damaged due to the over-current. This GPC speed control solves the optimization problem based on the truncated Newton minimization method. Finally, simulation results, which are obtained through the Matlab/Simulink software, show the effectiveness of the proposed speed regulator compared to the widely used Proportional-integral controller for DFIG.
Landscape Cognition in the Era of Mobility of Things: The Notion of Platform Urbanism and Taskscape
Authors: Kim Li Won
Published: July 2022

The mobility of things is becoming increasingly significant in modern cities owing to the ‘untact’ phenomena to sustain people’s lives during the COVID-19 pandemic and adopt platform urbanism. This study argues that the feature of mobility had a significant impact on the formation of modern cities’ landscapes. We examine the necessity for a distinct perspective on the urban landscape based on the mobility of things. Consequently, a literature research on mobility and landscape concepts and fieldwork such as shadowing and contextual interviews was conducted. The findings suggest that the notion of taskscape can be used as the interaction of actors within mobility tends to shape the landscape of the mobility of things. It discusses the re-recognition of the landscape concept according to the phenomenon of the mobility of things, which is significant for future landscape research in sustainable urban planning. Landmarks also exhibit the qualities of a mobility scape that acquires a high-level image at a high speed and a navigation landscape that experiences space through a mobile map in the mobility of things. Further, platform urbanism allows for the implementation of the mobility of things’ landscape in both physical and virtual spaces, creating a virtual landscape in mobile applications.
Solar Photovoltaic Cell Parameter Identification Based on Improved Honey Badger Algorithm
Authors: Lei Wenjing , He Qing , Yang Liu , Jiao Hongzan
Published: July 2022

Photovoltaic technology, which converts the sun’s light energy directly into electricity, can be used to make photovoltaic cells. The use of photovoltaic cells is centered on the idea of a low-carbon economy and green environmental protection, which effectively addresses the pollution problem in smart cities. Accurate identification of photovoltaic cell parameters is critical for battery life cycle and energy utilization. To accurately identify the single diode model (SDM), dual diode model (DDM), and three diode model (TDM) parameters of solar photovoltaic cells, and an improved honey badger algorithm (IHBA) is proposed in this paper. In the early stages of iteration, the IHBA uses the spiral exploration mechanism to improve the population’s global exploration ability. Furthermore, a density update factor that varies according to the quasi-cosine law is introduced to speed up the algorithm’s convergence speed and prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optimal value. Simultaneously, the pinhole imaging strategy is utilized to disturb the present optimal position to improve the algorithm’s optimization accuracy. The experimental comparison results of 18 benchmark test functions, Wilcoxon rank sum statistical test, and 30 CEC2014 test functions reveal that an IHBA shows remarkable performance in convergence speed, optimization accuracy, and robustness. Finally, the IHBA is used to identify the parameters of three kinds of commercial silicon R.T.C French solar photovoltaic cell models with a 57 mm diameter. In comparison to other algorithms, the IHBA can minimize the root mean square error (RMSE) between the measured current and estimated current at the fastest speed, demonstrating the practicality and superiority of the IHBA in tackling this problem.
City Regeneration through Modular Phase Change Materials (PCM) Envelopes for Climate Neutral Buildings
Authors: Orozco-Messana Javier , Lopez-Mateu Vicente , Pellicer Teresa M.
Published: July 2022

Climate change is driving urban development policies for nearly all cities, which are responsible for over 40% carbon emissions in the world. UN SDG 11 (“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”) defines critical indicators focused on carbon footprint reduction through green policies and city heritage preservation. Urban regeneration should ensure climate comfort for citizens while enhancing legacy urban resilience. New solutions for urban regeneration such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) provide inexpensive energy adaption solutions by reducing peak thermal loads, and their market share is growing yearly by 16% (OECD market trends). However, these materials must be integrated into recyclable flexible building elements to ensure tailored responses to different seasons and climates. Modular PCM elements working together with Passive Haus techniques have demonstrated their flexibility. This paper presents a new, efficient, and sustainable modular solution for PCM-based building envelope regeneration projects implemented jointly with Passive Haus strategies and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) at street level. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is demonstrated though a simplified Digital Twin of the Benicalap neighbourhood in Valencia, Spain. The model simulates the climate evolution at the neighbourhood level, and can be used in any urban background to obtain a new carbon footprint which is then used as the main criterion for joint impact assessment of the proposed modular PCM-based building envelopes.
Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Suboptimal Food Using Behavioral Reasoning Theory: A Food Waste Reduction Strategy
Authors: Tufail Hafiza Sobia , Yaqub Rana Muhammad Shahid , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Ramzan Sidra , Shahid Ahmad Usman , S. Refat Moamen
Published: July 2022

Food waste has attained considerable attention globally during the last decade, owing to its environmental and social impacts. Consumers’ low preference to purchase edible fruits and vegetables with unusual appearance, discoloration, etc., technically referred to as suboptimal food, significantly contributes to food waste. Consumers are more likely to reject suboptimal food while purchasing food, resulting in unnecessary food waste. However, consumers’ perceptions of whether or not to purchase suboptimal food are still unidentified. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore the factors influencing as motivators (reason for) and barriers (reason against) in explaining the consumers’ purchase intention toward suboptimal food using Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT). This study conducts a questionnaire survey from 650 consumers using a purposive sampling method. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyze the data. The findings support the proposed theoretical framework and confirm its robustness in exploring the factors influencing the consumers’ purchase intention of suboptimal food. The findings suggest that the factors including values, reason for (environmental concern and price consciousness), reason against (quality inferior and unappealing appearance), and attitude have direct and indirect influence on consumers’ purchase intention of suboptimal food. Based on the results, the study highlights several insights for policymakers, marketers, business professionals, and practitioners to promote suboptimal food in order to reduce food waste.
Distortion-Corrected Integral Imaging 3D Display System Based on Lens Array Holographic Optical Element
Authors: Li Jun-Hua , Zhang Han-Le , Ji Qing-Lin , Zhao Wu-Xiang
Published: July 2022

We propose a distortion-corrected integral imaging (II) 3D display system based on lens array holographic optical element (LAHOE). The LAHOE is used as a projection screen. The projection beam of the LAHOE is parallel light. Hence, the projection system consists of a spatial light modulator, a reverse projection lens, a relay optical element, and a telecentric lens. The acquired 3D data and the reconstructed 3D image of II are symmetrically related to each other. Therefore, there is lens distortion in the projection system. To avoid affecting the viewing experience of the viewers, the elemental image array (EIA) is projected obliquely on the LAHOE, causing the lateral distortion of the EIA. There is a position deviation in the projection system, so the projected EIA has geometric deformation. Due to the distortion of the EIA, it is difficult to precisely align the projected EIA and LAHOE, which results in serious flip of the reconstructed 3D images. The distortion of the EIA affects the asymmetry of the 3D image reconstruction. Lens distortion can be solved by the distortion compensation method. Lateral and the geometric deformation can be solved by the perspective transformations in computer graphics. After correction, the undistorted EIA is projected, and the projected EIA on the LAHOE has little distortion. In the process of 3D image reconstruction, the causes of asymmetry affecting 3D image reconstruction are analyzed, and the issues that generate these asymmetric factors are addressed. Experimental results indicate that a better 3D display effect is achieved.
Extended Convergence of Three Step Iterative Methods for Solving Equations in Banach Space with Applications
Authors: Regmi Samundra , Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh , Argyros Christopher I.
Published: July 2022

Symmetries are vital in the study of physical phenomena such as quantum physics and the micro-world, among others. Then, these phenomena reduce to solving nonlinear equations in abstract spaces. These equations in turn are mostly solved iteratively. That is why the objective of this paper was to obtain a uniform way to study three-step iterative methods to solve equations defined on Banach spaces. The convergence is established by using information appearing in these methods. This is in contrast to earlier works which relied on derivatives of the higher order to establish the convergence. The numerical example completes this paper.
A Novel Deep Learning Model for Sea State Classification Using Visual-Range Sea Images
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Hashmani Manzoor Ahmed , Hussain Rizvi Syed Sajjad , Taib Hasmi , Abdullah Mohd Nasir , Memon Mehak Maqbool
Published: July 2022

Wind-waves exhibit variations both in shape and steepness, and their asymmetrical nature is a well-known feature. One of the important characteristics of the sea surface is the front-back asymmetry of wind-wave crests. The wind-wave conditions on the surface of the sea constitute a sea state, which is listed as an essential climate variable by the Global Climate Observing System and is considered a critical factor for structural safety and optimal operations of offshore oil and gas platforms. Methods such as statistical representations of sensor-based wave parameters observations and numerical modeling are used to classify sea states. However, for offshore structures such as oil and gas platforms, these methods induce high capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX), along with extensive computational power and time requirements. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel, low-cost deep learning-based sea state classification model using visual-range sea images. Firstly, a novel visual-range sea state image dataset was designed and developed for this purpose. The dataset consists of 100,800 images covering four sea states. The dataset was then benchmarked on state-of-the-art deep learning image classification models. The highest classification accuracy of 81.8% was yielded by NASNet-Mobile. Secondly, a novel sea state classification model was proposed. The model took design inspiration from GoogLeNet, which was identified as the optimal reference model for sea state classification. Systematic changes in GoogLeNet’s inception block were proposed, which resulted in an 8.5% overall classification accuracy improvement in comparison with NASNet-Mobile and a 7% improvement from the reference model (i.e., GoogLeNet). Additionally, the proposed model took 26% less training time, and its per-image classification time remains competitive.
Entropy as a Transitional In-Game Variable
Authors: Papavlasopoulos Angelos , Papadopoulou Agnes , Floros Andreas , Giannakoulopoulos Andreas
Published: July 2022

The aim of this research is to discover the bond of entropy and the experience of video game immersion, using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to interpret the immersive experiences of players and how this bond of entropy and immersion could be transferred on other immersive technologies. The experiment was conducted on a selection of low-entropy scenes in three video games belonging to the genre of interactive drama. Six players were selected as the sample group for this research, based on their playthrough experiences of the games Heavy Rain (2010), Until Dawn (2015) and Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan (2019) on the PlayStation platform. By monitoring the levels of entropy and immersion during their playthroughs, this research explores the potential of transferring immersion through the use of entropy from digital games to other immersive technologies. According to the research highlights and through data interpretation, entropy is found to be immensely influential upon achieving and maintaining narrative, physical and emotional immersion, and its effect could be further applied to other immersive technologies sharing a common ground with digital games, which features are further examined in finer detail in the current research.
Separation of Alcohols from n-Tetradecane Using 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogensulfate
Authors: Ah-Lung Guillaume , Besnard Claire , Ivol Flavien , Maaliki Carine , Hughes Terri-Louise , Goodrich Peter , Jacquemin Johan
Published: July 2022

Extraction of alcohols from n-tetradecane using various extraction solvents has been investigated at a range of temperatures from 295 to 393 K under ambient pressure. On the basis of the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data, the distribution ratio and selectivity were calculated for the extraction of 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol (C8–C12) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate [C2mim][HSO4] and sulfolane. Results showed that moderate selectivities were obtained in sulfolane with very low distribution coefficients. In contrast, [C2mim][HSO4] showed similar selectivity values with higher distribution coefficients. A study of a number of different 1-alcohols (C4–C12) showed that the decrease in hydrogen bonding compared to the increased van der Waals interactions between n-tetradecane and the higher-chain alcohols decreased the extraction selectivity in [C2mim][HSO4]. Increasing the temperature of the ionic liquid extraction medium resulted in increased chemical extraction for 1-butanol and 1-hexanol due to the formation of the corresponding alkylsulfate ionic liquid. In contrast, the selectivity decreased for 1-octanol, 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol due to the partial dissolution of the corresponding alkylsulfate ionic liquid into the n-tetradecane phase.
Sense of Place: Narrating Emotional Experiences of Malaysian Borneo through Western Travel Blogs
Authors: Wong Siao Fui , Kler Balvinder Kaur , KPD Balakrishnan Bamini
Published: July 2022

Tourists’ sense of place or destination attachment could play an important role in destination branding. Yet, sense of place literature focuses on residents as the concept originates from a long-term residence in one place. This study explores the role of destination attachment based on tourist experience for branding based on a case study in Malaysian Borneo. A qualitative content analysis using QCAmap of 34 blogs extracted 116 blogposts with narratives containing emotional sentiments from international tourists. Findings uncovered six important attributes: namely nature, adventure, environment, culture, conservation, and education associated with destination attachment. Findings show that these attributes are interconnected as the main attribute, nature, produces other attributes. A tourists’ sense of place model for destination attachment is proposed to understand how tourists develop attachment to a place.
Environmental Epigenetics in Soil Ecosystems: Earthworms as Model Organisms
Authors: Šrut Maja
Published: July 2022

One of the major emerging concerns within ecotoxicology is the effect of environmental pollutants on epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression, meaning that the alterations of epigenetic marks can induce long-term physiological effects that can even be inherited across generations. Many invertebrate species have been used as models in environmental epigenetics, with a special focus on DNA methylation changes caused by environmental perturbations (e.g., pollution). Among soil organisms, earthworms are considered the most relevant sentinel organisms for anthropogenic stress assessment and are widely used as standard models in ecotoxicological testing of soil toxicity. In the last decade, several research groups have focused on assessing the impact of environmental stress on earthworm epigenetic mechanisms and tried to link these mechanisms to the physiological effects. The aim of this review is to give an overview and to critically examine the available literature covering this topic. The high level of earthworm genome methylation for an invertebrate species, responsiveness of epigenome to environmental stimuli, availability of molecular resources, and the possibility to study epigenetic inheritance make earthworms adequate models in environmental epigenomics. However, there are still many knowledge gaps that need to be filled in, before we can fully explore earthworms as models in this field. These include detailed characterization of the methylome using next-generation sequencing tools, exploration of multigenerational and transgenerational effects of pollutants, and information about other epigenetic mechanisms apart from DNA methylation. Moreover, the connection between epigenetic effects and phenotype has to be further explored.
ANÁLISIS DE LOS ACCIDENTES DE TRÁNSITO EN VARIOS CANTONES DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Ortiz Ricardo , Zambrano Carlos , García-Vinces Jimmy , Delgado Daniel
Published: July 2022

Los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una problemática global que afecta especialmente a los países latinoamericanos, debido a la falta de gestión de sus medios de movilización. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los accidentes de tránsito ocurridos entre 2019-2021 en una muestra de seis cantones a nivel nacional, escogiendo dos localidades representativas por cada región continental. La metodología consistió en recopilar información de los accidentes registrados en la base de datos de la ANT clasificándolos en dos variables, accidentes generales y accidentes que generaron víctimas fatales, para posteriormente analizar el comportamiento de cada localidad estudiada mediante el abordaje de sus parámetros principales, aplicando además el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los principales resultados situaron a Quito como el cantón con mayor registro de accidentes en general seguido del cantón Guayaquil. La relación entre los accidentes generales y el número de habitantes por localidad permitió identificar al cantón Portoviejo como el territorio con mayores problemas de accidentes generales, alcanzando 1.87 accidentes por cada 1000 habitantes. El índice de letalidad demostró que los cantones de la región Amazónica son los que presentan los mayores inconvenientes, en espacial Tena con el 38.78% de victimas fatales con relación a los accidentes en general. El coeficiente general de Pearson mostró una muy buena correlación entre la variable de accidentes generales y accidentes con víctimas fatales (r= 0.94).