bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple gravitational particle swarm algorithm for multimodal optimization problems
Authors: Yamanaka Yoshikazu , Yoshida Katsutoshi
Published: March 2021

In real world situations, decision makers prefer to have multiple optimal solutions before making a final decision. Aiming to help the decision makers even if they are non-experts in optimization algorithms, this study proposes a new and simple multimodal optimization (MMO) algorithm called the gravitational particle swarm algorithm (GPSA). Our GPSA is developed based on the concept of “particle clustering in the absence of clustering procedures”. Specifically, it simply replaces the global feedback term in classical particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an inverse-square gravitational force term between the particles. The gravitational force mutually attracts and repels the particles, enabling them to autonomously and dynamically generate sub-swarms in the absence of algorithmic clustering procedures. Most of the sub-swarms gather at the nearby global optima, but a small number of particles reach the distant optima. The niching behavior of our GPSA was tested first on simple MMO problems, and then on twenty MMO benchmark functions. The performance indices (peak ratio and success rate) of our GPSA were compared with those of existing niching PSOs (ring-topology PSO and fitness Euclidean-distance ratio PSO). The basic performance of our GPSA was comparable to that of the existing methods. Furthermore, an improved GPSA with a dynamic parameter delivered significantly superior results to the existing methods on at least 60% of the tested benchmark functions.
Fast-track treatment initiation counselling in South Africa: A cost-outcomes analysis
Authors: Larson Bruce A. , Pascoe Sophie J. S. , Huber Amy , Long Lawrence C. , Murphy Joshua , Miot Jacqui , Fraser-Hurt Nicole , Fox Matthew P. , Rosen Sydney
Published: March 2021

Introduction

In 2016, under its new National Adherence Guidelines (AGL), South Africa formalized an existing model of fast-track HIV treatment initiation counselling (FTIC). Rollout of the AGL included an evaluation study at 24 clinics, with staggered AGL implementation. Using routinely collected data extracted as part of the evaluation study, we estimated and compared the costs of HIV care and treatment from the provider’s perspective at the 12 clinics implementing the new, formalized model (AGL-FTIC) to costs at the 12 clinics continuing to implement some earlier, less formalized, model that likely varied across clinics (denoted here as early-FTIC).

Methods

This was a cost-outcome analysis using standard methods and a composite outcome defined as initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 30 days of treatment eligibility and retained in care at 9 months. Using patient-level, bottom-up resource-utilization data and local unit costs, we estimated patient-level costs of care and treatment in 2017 U.S. dollars over the 9-month evaluation follow-up period for the two models of care. Resource use and costs, disaggregated by antiretroviral medications, laboratory tests, and clinic visits, are reported by model of care and stratified by the composite outcome.

Results

A total of 350/343 patients in the early-FTIC/AGL-FTIC models of care are included in this analysis. Mean/median costs were similar for both models of care ($135/$153 for early-FTIC, $130/$151 for AGL-FTIC). For the subset achieving the composite outcome, resource use and therefore mean/median costs were similar but slightly higher, reflecting care consistent with treatment guidelines ($163/$166 for early-FTIC, $168/$170 for AGL-FTIC). Not surprisingly, costs for patients not achieving the composite outcome were substantially less, mainly because they only had two or fewer follow-up visits and, therefore, received substantially less ART than patients who achieved the composite outcome.

Conclusion

The 2016 adherence guidelines clarified expectations for the content and timing of adherence counseling sessions in relation to ART initiation. Because clinics were already initiating patients on ART quickly by 2016, little room existed for the new model of fast-track initiation counseling to reduce the number of pre-ART clinic visits at the study sites and therefore to reduce costs of care and treatment.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Number: NCT02536768.
Allergic rhinitis is associated with atmospheric SO2: Follow-up study of children from elementary schools in Ulsan, Korea
Authors: Kim Suk Hwan , Lee Jiho , Oh Inbo , Oh Yeonsuh , Sim Chang Sun , Bang Jin-Hee , Park Jungsun , Kim Yangho
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of allergic rhinitis with air pollutant concentrations using the follow-up data of elementary school children in Ulsan, Korea.

Methods

All students of four elementary schools in Ulsan, South Korea were surveyed at two-year intervals. The survey used data collected five times, over a nine-year period from June 2009 to April 2018. The questionnaire used in the survey was a modified version of the ISAAC (International society of asthma and allergy of children) questionnaire. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed with 24 standard antigens. To estimate the levels of exposure to outdoor air pollution, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) were used. As a dependent variable, a history of allergic rhinitis diagnosed by a doctor during the last 1-year was considered. Logistic regression analysis was used to select variables suitable for the statistical model. The selected variables were then used to assess their association with the dependent variable using the generalized estimation equation.

Results

Among environmental factors, SO2was associated with a high risk and PM10 was associated with a low risk of allergic rhinitis. The risk of allergic rhinitis from living in a house built within the last year was high, and the risk from living in a multi-family house or apartment was higher than that from living in a segregated house. History of allergic diseases in the family was a high-risk factor for allergic rhinitis. There was a relationship between a history of bronchiolitis at less than 2 years of age and a high risk of allergic rhinitis. Boys were at a higher risk than girls.

Conclusion

From the follow-up data of elementary school students in Ulsan, Korea, the concentration of SO2, which is an indicator of the degree of industrialization, was related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Among all the risk factors, history of allergic disease in the parents was the most important factor, and the study reconfirmed the results of the previous studies.
Predictive factors for long-term survival after surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Making a case for standardized reporting of the resection margin using certified cancer center data
Authors: Weyhe Dirk , Obonyo Dennis , Uslar Verena Nicole , Stricker Ingo , Tannapfel Andrea
Published: March 2021

Factors for overall survival after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) seem to be nodal status, chemotherapy administration, UICC staging, and resection margin. However, there is no consensus on the definition for tumor free resection margin. Therefore, univariate OS as well as multivariate long-term survival using cancer center data was analyzed with regards to two different resection margin definitions. Ninety-five patients met inclusion criteria (pancreatic head PDAC, R0/R1, no 30 days mortality). OS was analyzed in univariate analysis with respect to R-status, CRM (circumferential resection margin; positive: ≤1mm; negative: >1mm), nodal status, and chemotherapy administration. Long-term survival >36 months was modelled using multivariate logistic regression instead of Cox regression because the distribution function of the dependent data violated the requirements for the application of this test. Significant differences in OS were found regarding the R status (Median OS and 95%CI for R0: 29.8 months, 22.3–37.4; R1: 15.9 months, 9.2–22.7; p = 0.005), nodal status (pN0 = 34.7, 10.4–59.0; pN1 = 17.1, 11.5–22.8; p = 0.003), and chemotherapy (with CTx: 26.7, 20.4–33.0; without CTx: 9.7, 5.2–14.1; p < .001). OS according to CRM status differed on a clinically relevant level by about 12 months (CRM positive: 17.2 months, 11.5–23.0; CRM negative: 29.8 months, 18.6–41.1; p = 0.126). A multivariate model containing chemotherapy, nodal status, and CRM explained long-term survival (p = 0.008; correct prediction >70%). Chemotherapy, nodal status and resection margin according to UICC R status are univariate factors for OS after PDAC. In contrast, long-term survival seems to depend on wider resection margins than those used in UICC R classification. Therefore, standardized histopathological reporting (including resection margin size) should be agreed upon.
Descriptive analysis of sickle cell patients living in France: The PHEDRE cross-sectional study
Authors: Gerardin Marie , Rousselet Morgane , Couec Marie-Laure , Masseau Agathe , Guerlais Marylène , Authier Nicolas , Deheul Sylvie , Roussin Anne , Micallef Joelle , Djezzar Samira ,   French Addictovigilance Network (FAN), Feuillet Fanny , Jolliet Pascale , Victorri-Vigneau Caroline
Published: March 2021

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) induces chronic haemolytic anaemia and intermittent vaso-occlusion that results in tissue ischaemia causing acute, severe pain episodes that can lead to frequent hospitalizations. These consequences can have repercussions on family, social, school and/or professional life. Here, we present some of the results of the PHEDRE study (Pharmacodépendance Et DREpanocytose—drug dependence and sickle-cell disease), which is the largest study of patients with SCD in France. This paper intends to describe characteristics of the French SCD population. We also aimed to assess the impact of the disease on the lives of patients using objective and subjective variables.

Methods

The PHEDRE study was a national multicentric observational study. Adults, adolescents and children with a confirmed SCD diagnosis were included in the study by their referring doctor. Then, they were interviewed by phone about their socioeconomic status, about the impact of the disease on their lives and about their analgesic and psychoactive drug use.

Results

The study population consisted of 872 patients (28% were minors). Seventy-two percent of adults were active, and all minors were in school. Many patients presented criteria of severe SCD. Seventy-five percent were homozygous SS, 15% were double heterozygotes SC and 8% were heterozygotes Sβthal, 87% received specific treatment, 58% were hospitalized at least once for vaso-occlusive crisis in the past 12 months, and the number of analgesic drugs taken averaged 3.8. Seventy-five percent of patients reported academic or professional consequences related to their SCD, and 52% reported social consequences.

Conclusions

The impact of SCD on patients’ lives can be significant, nevertheless their social integration seems to be maintained. We highlighted respect of recommendations regarding analgesic treatments and only a few patients used tobacco, alcohol or cannabis.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials, NCT02580565; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Registered 16 October 2015.
Preliminary bone histological analysis of Lystrosaurus (Therapsida: Dicynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of North China, and its implication for lifestyle and environments after the end-Permian extinction
Authors: Han Fenglu , Zhao Qi , Liu Jun
Published: March 2021

Lystrosaurusrepresents one of the most successful dicynodonts, a survivor of the end-Permian mass extinction that remained abundant in the Early Triassic, but many aspects of its paleobiology are still controversial. The bone histology ofLystrosaurusspecies from South Africa and India has provided important information on their growth strategy and lifestyle, but until recently no data was available on the bone histology ofLystrosaurusfrom China. Here, we report on the bone microstructure of sevenLystrosaurusindividuals from the Lower Triassic of Xinjiang, providing the first such data for the ChineseLystrosaurusspecies. Our samples indicate that the microstructure ofLystrosauruslimb bones from China is characterized by fibrolamellar bone tissue similar to those from South Africa and India. Three ontogenetic stages were identified: juvenile, early subadult, and late subadult based on lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and bone tissue changes. Bone histology supports a rapid growth strategy forLystrosaurusduring early ontogeny. Unlike Early TriassicLystrosaurusfrom South Africa, lines of arrested growth are common in our specimens, suggesting that many individuals of ChineseLystrosaurushad reached the subadult stage and were interrupted in growth. The differences in bone histology betweenLystrosaurusfrom South Africa and China may indicate different environmental conditions in these two regions.
What shapes gender attitudes among adolescent girls and boys? Evidence from the UDAYA Longitudinal Study in India
Authors: Patel Sangram Kishor , Santhya K. G. , Haberland Nicole
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The role of gender norms in shaping education and work opportunities, distribution of power and resources, and health and wellbeing is well recognised. However, rigorous studies in low- and middle-income countries on when and how norms change over time and what factors shape adolescents’ and young adult’s gender attitudes are limited. This paper explores the factors that determine adolescents’ gender attitudes, as well as patterns in gender attitude shifts over time among younger and older adolescent boys and girls in India.

Data and methods

Data presented in this paper were drawn from a unique longitudinal study of adolescents aged 10–19 (Understanding the lives of adolescent and young adults–UDAYA study) in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in India, conducted during 2015–2016 (wave 1) and 2018–2019 (wave 2). The analysis presented in this paper drew on data from 4,428 boys and 7,607 girls who were aged 10–19 and unmarried at wave 1 and interviewed at both rounds of the survey. We used univariate and bivariate analyses to examine changes in adolescents’ gender role attitudes over time and the association between explanatory variables and gender role attitudes. We also used linear fixed effects regression models to identify factors that shape adolescents’ gender role attitudes.

Results

Gender role attitudes became more egalitarian over time among boys and girls, except among the older cohort of boys in our study. Among both younger and older cohorts, girls/young women held more egalitarian views than boys/young men and this pattern held over time for both cohorts. Factors that influenced gender role attitudes differed for younger and older adolescents, particularly among boys. While some predictors differed for boys and girls, there were substantial similarities as well. Gender attitudes were affected by factors at the individual, family, peer, and societal levels, as well as by community engagement.

Conclusions

Our findings show that it is possible to shift gender attitudes toward greater equity and, in so doing, contribute to improved health and rights.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Adenophora racemosa (Campanulaceae): Comparative analysis with congeneric species
Authors: Kim Kyung-Ah , Cheon Kyeong-Sik
Published: March 2021

Adenophora racemosa, belonging to the Campanulaceae, is an important species because it is endemic to Korea. The goal of this study was to assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome ofA.racemosaand compare it with published chloroplast genomes of congeneric species. The chloroplast genome was reconstructed usingde novoassembly of paired-end reads generated by the Illumina MiSeq platform. The chloroplast genome size ofA.racemosawas 169,344 bp. In total, 112 unique genes (78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs) were identified. A Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on 76 protein-coding genes divided the fiveAdenophoraspecies into two clades, showing thatA.racemosais more closely related toAdenophora strictathan toAdenophora divaricata. The gene order and contents of the LSC region ofA.racemosawere identical to those ofA.divaricataandA.stricta, but the structure of the SSC and IRs was unique due to IR contraction. Nucleotide diversity (Pi) >0.05 was found in eleven regions among the threeAdenophoraspecies not included in sect.Remotifloraeand in six regions between two species (A.racemosaandA.stricta).
Psychosocial effects of social media on the Saudi society during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hammad Mohammad Ahmed , Alqarni Turki Mahdi
Published: March 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been posing a substantial challenge to human survival and well-being, which rely on the actions and behaviors of individuals. It is essential that accurate information is distributed; however, misinformation has been spread via social media. Consequently, the resulting panic has to be addressed while putting essential public health measures in place. It is also important to explore the link between the social media exposure and well-being. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify the levels of anxiety, depression, and social isolation among individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we explored the relationship between exposure to misleading social media news and anxiety, depression, and social isolation. A cross sectional design was employed to collect data from 371 Saudi participants (aged 16–60 years), using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Results showed that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and social isolation was 47.82%, 47.57%, and 46.42%, respectively. Further, more than 83% of the participants reported using social media frequently during the pandemic. We found that exposure to misinformation via social media has a significant positive relationship with anxiety, depression, and social isolation. However, Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study it cannot be determined whether social media causes negative mental health outcomes, or if individuals experiencing greater depression, anxiety and social isolation turn to social media more than others, or if some third variable might explain both. Based on our findings, we present specific suggestions related to the COVID-19 pandemic to the government of Saudi Arabia. Minoring and filtering out misleading information with the cooperation of the World Health Organization (WHO) can promote the spread of accurate news in Saudi Arabia.
Prevalence of associated extracardiac anomalies in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases
Authors: Chang Chi-Son , Hong Sir-yeon , Kim Seo-yeon , Kim Yoo-min , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae , Song Jinyoung , Huh June , Kang I-Seok
Published: March 2021

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of extracardiac anomalies (ECA) in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases (CHD), and to provide more information for counseling of women with prenatally diagnosed fetal CHD.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 791 cases of fetal CHD diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound from January 2005 to April 2018. Associated ECAs included extracardiac structural malformation (ECM), chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion. CHD was classified into 10 groups according to a modified anatomic and clinical classification of congenital heart defects.

Results

The overall prevalence of ECA in our CHD cohort was 28.6% (226/791): ECM, 25.3%; chromosomal anomaly, 11.7%; and 22q11.2 microdeletion, 5.5%. For those with ECM, ventricular septal defect (VSD) had the highest prevalence (34.5%), followed by anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves (28.8%) and heterotaxy (26.9%). For those with chromosomal anomaly, anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves had the highest prevalence (37.5%), followed by anomalies of atria and interatrial communications (25.0%) and VSD (22.9%). 22q11.2 microdeletion was detected only in those with anomalies of extrapericardial arterial trunks (14.3%) or ventricular outflow tracts (6.4%).

Conclusion

ECM, chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion have different prevalence according to the type of CHD.
Circular RNA circDtx1 regulates IRF3-mediated antiviral immune responses through suppression of miR-15a-5p-dependent TRIF downregulation in teleost fish
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Chu Qing , Yang Liyuan , Sun Lingping , Xu Tianjun
Published: March 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of widespread and diverse covalently closed circular endogenous RNAs that exert crucial functions in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the function and regulation mechanism of circRNAs in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Dtx1) gene, namely, circDtx1, which was related to the antiviral responses in teleost fish. Results indicated that circDtx1 played essential roles in host antiviral immunity and inhibition of SCRV replication. Our study also found a microRNA miR-15a-5p, which could inhibit antiviral immune response and promote viral replication by targeting TRIF. Moreover, we also found that the antiviral effect inhibited by miR-15a-5p could be reversed with the circDtx1. In mechanism, our data revealed that circDtx1 was a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of TRIF by sponging miR-15a-5p, leading to activation of the NF-κB/IRF3 pathway, and then enhancing the innate antiviral responses. Our results indicated that circRNAs played a regulatory role in immune responses in teleost fish.
Un método para evaluar la ansiedad de un caso de autismo severo: cambios tras la intervención
Authors: Martínez-González Agustín Ernesto , López Gil Juana
Published: March 2021

Resulta de gran dificultad establecer una etiología de los niveles altos de ansiedad en niños con autismo. Diferentes estudios han señalado la relación entre niveles de cortisol altos, así como la relación entre ciertas bacterias con el autismo. Adicionalmente, la ansiedad presenta conductas repetitivas como las autolesiones pueden ser perjudiciales dentro del aula y las relaciones con los iguales. Los profesionales pueden tener dificultades para identificar los niveles de ansiedad altos en los niños con diagnóstico de TEA severo, discapacidad intelectual profunda o severa y no presentan comunicación verbal. El niño puede refugiarse en sus conductas repetitivas y no adaptarse a las tareas que se van a realizar en el aula. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un método subjetivo de evaluación de la ansiedad del niño con autismo severo y discapacidad intelectual severa; y presentar las diferencias en los niveles de ansiedad cuando el niño tiene un tratamiento farmacológico adecuado y hay una habituación a realizar las tareas de tipo atencional en el aula. Los resultados señalan una disminución de los niveles de ansiedad cuando se utiliza la instigación con la aplicación de hábitos incompatibles y una disminución mayor añadiendo tratamiento farmacológico.
Intervención breve con estimulación musicoterapeutica en un caso de demencia: efectos en neuroimagen
Authors: Díaz Abrahan Veronika , Espinosa Alejandro , Marche Jorge , Justel Nadia
Published: March 2021

La demencia es un síndrome de prevalencia creciente a nivel mundial, que se caracteriza por deterioro cognitivo y la aparición de diversos síntomas. Del abanico de posibilidades en cuanto al abordaje para esta población se encuentran las intervenciones que provee la musicoterapia, una disciplina en pleno crecimiento dentro del área de salud. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar el análisis de un estudio de caso clínico con diagnóstico de demencia vascular, a quien se le realizó una evaluación por neuroimagen con cámara gamma, antes y después del proceso de estimulación con musicoterapia. Los resultados evidenciaron una mejoría en el área de corteza frontoparietal izquierda, luego de la estimulación musicoterapeutica. Si bien el presente artículo es la presentación de un caso único, los datos permiten entrever las potencialidades que presentan las propuestas dentro del campo de la musicoterapia en el abordaje de pacientes con demencia.
Тух-Сигат-IV – многослойное поселение с реки Васюган (из фондов Томского областного краеведческого музея)
Authors:   Томский областной краеведческий музей, А.И. Боброва , А.П. Монова ,   Томский областной краеведческий музей
Published: March 2021

Что подарить юбиляру в 75? Мы решили напомнить ему о его молодости – о начале его научных поисков и дерзаний. Север Томской области, труднодоступное Васюганье, стало той территорией, на которой деятельной натуре Юрия Федоровича было где развернуться. Там, сначала в составе разведочных отрядов Томского университета под руководством Л.А. Чиндиной, а затем и самостоятельно он занимался поиском археологических памятников. Комплекс на оз. Тух-Эмтор и рч. Тух-Сигат стал базовым при написании кандидатской и докторской диссертаций, монографий. Можно сказать, что многое достигнуто, сделано, но скрупулезное изучение отдельных коллекций, сформированных им, еще ждет своих исследователей. К такой значимой коллекции относится и собрание находок с поселения Тух-Сигат-IV, накоплению которого Юрием Федоровичем было отдано шесть полевых сезонов.
К истории исследования позднего палеолита и мезолита Северного Прибайкалья
Authors:   Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет, А.В. Тетенькин
Published: March 2021

Первые исследования позднего палеолита и мезолита в Северном Прибайкалье были начаты А.П. Окладниковым в 1941 г. Основные исследователи: В.М. Ветров, О.В. Задонин, Е.М. Инешин, В.В. Краснощеков, А.В. Тетенькин, П.Е. Шмыгун и др. – являются представителями иркутской археологической школы. Изучение районов Северного Прибайкалья – Северного Байкала, севера Верхней Лены, Верхнего и Нижнего Витима многие годы велось обособленно и выражено в культурно-хронологических схемах, выстроенных порознь. Общими исследовательским сюжетами до недавнего времени были связаны лишь районы Верхнего и Нижнего Витима. На сегодняшний день наиболее динамично развивается археология палеолита и мезолита Нижнего Витима. Выход исследований на уровень межрайонного, регионального масштаба в рамках задач выявления археологических связей подводит к необходимости интеграции районных научных построений и формирования научного подхода регионального масштаба.
Ирменские погребения на могильнике Чумыш-Перекат
Authors:   Алтайский государственный университет, С.П. Грушин , А.В. Фрибус ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН,   Кемеровский государственный университет
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена публикации материалов двух ирменских погребений, исследованных на разновременном могильнике Чумыш-Перекат, расположенном в Залесовском районе, на северо-востоке Алтайского края, на правом берегу р. Чумыш, в западных предгорьях Салаирского кряжа. Анализируются основные черты погребального обряда и сопроводительный инвентарь. Многочисленные аналогии из памятников Верхнего Приобья позволили отнести комплекс к ирменской культуре периода поздней бронзы и датировать его XIV–X вв. до н.э.
Об ирменских кельтах-тёслах с лобным ушком
Authors:   Кузбасский государственный технический университет им. Т.Ф. Горбачева, С.А. Ковалевский
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена кельтам-теслам с лобным ушком, которые происходят из поселений эпохи позднего бронзового века юга Западной Сибири (часть из них – случайные находки) и отождествляются большинством специалистов с древностями ирменской культуры. Подобные кельты-тесла являются достаточно редкой находкой в ирменских памятниках. Можно утверждать, что кельты с лобным ушком, а зачастую и «пещеркой», имели достаточно широкое распространение на территории Евразии. Вместе с тем ирменские кельты-тесла выделяются специфической геометрической орнаментацией, восходящей, вероятно, к традициям изготовления и украшения кельтов сейминско-турбинского типа. В статье делается попытка соотнести данные изделия с классификацией бронзовых кельтов, разработанной Б.Г. Тихоновым, а также показывается их бытование на обширной территории Евразии в последующие исторические эпохи (переходное время от бронзы к железу и ранний железный век).
Средневековые луки из могил средневековых кочевников Кузнецкой котловины
Authors:   Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева, А.М. Илюшин , М.Г. Сулейменов ,   Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева
Published: March 2021

В статье исследуются остатки луков, найденные в средневековых погребальных комплексах на территории Кузнецкой котловины. Целью работы является обобщение информации и типолого-хронологический анализ функционирования этих предметов в VIII–XIV вв. Находки описываются и датируются по материалам памятников, на которых они были обнаружены. Осуществляется типологическая классификация находок. Проводится типолого-хронологический анализ луков. Осуществляется поиск аналогий выделенных типов по материалам сопредельных территорий Центральной Азии. Делаются наблюдения за эволюцией выделенных типов лука на территории Кузнецкой котловины в периоды раннего и развитого Средневековья. Отмечается малое количество типов лука в конце I тыс. и большое типологическое разнообразие этих изделий в развитом Средневековье. Наибольшее количество типов лука фиксируется в конце XII в.
Тюркизация южной тайги и северной лесостепи Среднего Прииртышья в конце I – начале II тыс. н.э.
Authors:   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, омская лаборатория, С.Ф. Татауров , С.С. Тихонов ,   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, омская лаборатория
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена изучению процесса тюркизации северной лесостепи и южной тайги Среднего Прииртышья. Источниками послужили материалы раскопок памятников конца I – начала II тыс. н.э., проведенных в этом регионе в 1970–2010-х гг. Изучив результаты исследований серии курганных могильников, авторы делают вывод о неоднократном проникновении тюрок из степей Алтая и Восточного Прииртышья в изучаемый район и сложении там достаточно многочисленного населения в первых веках II тыс. н.э. Д.Г. Савинов сделал абсолютно верное предположение о формировании в Прииртышье среднеиртышского варианта кимако-кипчакской культуры. О многочисленности и военной мощи данного образования можно судить по большому количеству бронзовых украшений с низовьев Оби куда они периодически совершали военные походы, и по отсутствию на данной территории памятников, связанных с монголо-татарским нашествием. Только после переселения части данного населения в Среднюю Азию в середине XV в. под предводительством чингизида Абулхайр-хана данные районы стали более открытыми, и там стало формироваться новое население, котороевстретили русские в XVI в. Оседание тюрок маркирует погребальный обряд, связанный с полным или частичным трупосожжением на стороне или в могиле, захоронением с человеком лошади или ее частей и сопроводительным инвентарем – предметами конского снаряжения, оружия, наборных поясов, антропо- и зооморфных бронзовых блях, керамики. Материалы могильников позволяют проследить изменения в использовании огня в погребальном обряде от полного трупосожжения до поджога надмогильных сооружений и имитации огня.
К интерпретации сцен охоты на «стилизованных оленей» в петроглифах Сибири, Центральной Азии и Северо-Западного Китая
Authors:   Новосибирский государственный университет, А.В. Варенов
Published: March 2021

На территории КНР петроглифы «в стиле оленных камней» открыты в горах Алтая в Синьцзян-Уйгурском автономном районе, в горах Иньшань и степи Уланьчаб на юге Внутренней Монголии и в лежащих южнее горах Хэланьшань в Нинся-Хуэйском автономном районе. Среди особенностей китайских петроглифов можно отметить более свободное, по сравнению с изваяниями, построение композиций и большую вариабельность фигур – в частности, довольно часто изображлись безрогие олени (самки). Считается, что в наскальных композициях со стилизованными оленями воспроизведены сюжеты, общие для петроглифов и каменных изваяний. По мнению автора, каждый «оленный» камень монголо-забайкальского стиля олицетворял Вселенную и в то же время Первопредка древнего коллектива (племени?), а фигуры оленей соответствовали входившим в него социальным группам, имевшим дуально-экзогамную родовую организацию. Изображение отдельного стилизованного оленя свидетельствовало о желании члена древнего социума обозначить свой род.
О времени проникновения кулайского населения на территорию лесостепного Алтая
Authors:   Барнаульский юридический институт МВД России, А.А. Казаков ,   Алтайский государственный университет
Published: March 2021

В работе дан краткий историографический обзор проблемы первоначального проникновения кулайского населения на территорию Лсостепного Алтая. На основе керамического комплекса поселения Бочанцево-1 выделены признаки, которые позволяют достаточно точно отделить его от керамических комплексов культур раннего железного века Лесостепного Алтая (каменской, староалейской, быстрян- ской). Это формы венчиков с прямыми срезами и карнизиками и орнаментальная композиция, основу которой составляют горизонтальные отпечатки уголка лопаточки и ямки. Такие формы венчиков и орнаментальные композиции не встречаются на керамике культур РЖВ Лесостепного Алтая. Они выделены в новый, бочанцевский этап кулайской культуры и определяют наиболее ранние проникновения кулайских традиций в Лесостепной Алтай. Датируется бочанцевский этап IV–III – II в. до н.э. Кратко охарактеризованы троицкий и фоминский этапы развития кулайской культуры Лесостепного Алтая, предложены незначительные корректировки миграционной теории его заселения.
Esophageal Epidermoid Metaplasia: Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Gibbens Ying Y. , Hagen Catherine E. , Wang Kenneth K. , Iyer Prasad G. , Katzka David A.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Esophageal epidermoid metaplasia (EEM) is a rare disease.

METHODS:

Patients with EEM diagnosed between 2014 and 2020 were reviewed.

RESULTS:

Forty EEM cases were identified. EEM occurred in 9 (23%) patients before, concordant, or after esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EEM was associated with previous esophageal lichen planus in 5 patients, Barrett's esophagus 7, and esophageal adenocarcinoma 1. EEM was focal in 28 (70%) or diffuse in 12 (30%) and not detected in 45% on recent previous endoscopy.

DISCUSSION:

EEM is a premalignant underrecognized condition associated with multiple conditions. Close follow-up or endoscopic treatment may be warranted because of its ESCC association.
A Study of Gait and Posture with the Use of Cyclograms
Authors: Hajný O. , Farkašová B.
Published: March 2021

Present-day science makes extensive use of the simulation. Our work focuses on simulating human gait. Simulations of human gait can be used for prosthetics and therapy e.g. rehabilitation, optimizing the movements made by sportsmen, evaluating advances in rehabilitation, etc. Methods of AI can also be used for predicting gait movement and for identifying disorders.Our project is about measuring human gait, simulating the musculo-skeletal system in order to study study walking and predicting and quantifying gait with the use of neural networks. The research is being carried out in the biomechanics laboratory at FBE CTU, and is intended for use in clinical practice at the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University.
Parameter-Invariant Hierarchical Exclusive Alphabet Design for 2-WRC with HDF Strategy
Authors: Uřičář T.
Published: March 2021

Hierarchical eXclusive Code (HXC) for the Hierarchical Decode and Forward (HDF) strategy in the Wireless 2-Way Relay Channel (2-WRC) has the achievable rate region extended beyond the classical MAC region. Although direct HXC design is in general highly complex, a layered approach to HXC design is a feasible solution. While the outer layer code of the layered HXC can be any state-of-the-art capacity approaching code, the inner layer must be designed in such a way that the exclusive property of hierarchical symbols (received at the relay) will be provided. The simplest case of the inner HXC layer is a simple signal space channel symbol memoryless mapper called Hierarchical eXclusive Alphabet (HXA). The proper design of HXA is important, especially in the case of parametric channels, where channel parametrization (e.g. phase rotation) can violate the exclusive property of hierarchical symbols (as seen by the relay), resulting in significant capacity degradation. In this paper we introduce an example of a geometrical approach to Parameter-Invariant HXA design, and we show that the corresponding hierarchical MAC capacity region extends beyond the classical MAC region, irrespective of the channel pametrization.
Unobtrusive Health Screening on an Intelligent Toilet Seat
Authors: Schlebusch T.
Published: March 2021

Home monitoring is a promising way to improve the quality of medical care in an ageing society. To circumvent the problem that especially demented patients may forget or be stressed by the use of medical devices at home, monitoring devices should be embedded in objects of daily life to check the patient’s health status whenever possible, without any interaction with the patient him/herself. This paper presents an intelligent toilet performing an unobtrusive health check when a person sits down. A variety of physical, electro-physical and urine parameters are analysed. This paper takes electrocardiogram and bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements and shows the practicability of measuring them on a toilet seat.
A Neural Network Model for Predicting NOx at the Mělník 1
Authors: Bukovský Ivo , Kolovratník Michal
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a non-conventional dynamic neural network that was designed for real time prediction of NOx at the coal powder power plant Mělnik 1, and results on real data are shown and discussed. The paper also presents the signal preprocessing techniques, the input-reconfigurable architecture, and the learning algorithm of the proposed neural network, which was designed to handle the non-stationarity of the burning process as well as individual failures of the measured variables. The advantages of our designed neural network over conventional neural networks are discussed.
Resistance Spot Welding of dissimilar Steels
Authors: Kolařík Ladislav , Sahul Miroslav , Kolaříková Marie , Sahul Martin , Turňa Milan , Felix Michal
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the properties of resistance spot welds between low carbon steel and austenitic CrNi stainless steel. The thickness of the welded dissimilar materials was 2 mm. A DeltaSpot welding gun with a process tape was used for welding the dissimilar steels. Resistance spot welds were produced with various welding parameters (welding currents ranging from 7 to 8 kA). Light microscopy, microhardness measurements across the welded joints, and EDX analysis were used to evaluate the quality of the resistance spot welds. The results confirm the applicability of DeltaSpot welding for this combination of materials.
Checking the Geometric Accuracy of a Machine Tool for Selected Geometric Parameters
Authors: Janásek Adam , Čep Robert , Brychta Josef
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the control parameters for selected geometric accuracy measurements for a machine tool. The parameters were needed after a refurbished milling machine was purchased. After setting up the machine, it was necessary to check the geometric accuracy that can be used for precise milling. The whole check was performed in accordance with ISO 10791. Only selected parameters of geometric accuracy were inspected, and they were later compared with the prescribed values. On the basis of a comparison of these values we were able to determine whether the machine tool can be used for accurate machining.
Integration of Autonomous UAVs into Multi-agent Simulation
Authors: Selecký Martin , Meiser Tomáš
Published: March 2021

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attracted much attention both in the research field and in the field of commercial deployment. Researchers recently started to study problems and opportunities connected with the usage, deployment and operation of teams of multiple autonomous UAVs. These multi-UAV scenarios are by their nature well suited to be modelled and simulated as multi-agent systems. In this paper we present solutions to the problems that we had to deal with in the process of integrating two hardware UAVs into an existing multi-agent simulation system with additional virtual UAVs, resulting in a mixed reality system where hardware UAVs and virtual UAVs can co-exist, coordinate their flight and cooperate on common tasks. Hardware UAVs are capable of on-board planning and reasoning, and can cooperate and coordinate their movement with one another, and also with virtual UAVs.
A Study of the Properties of Electrical Insulation Oils and of the Components of Natural Oils
Authors: Spohner Milan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a study of the electrical and non-electrical properties of insulating oils. For the correct choice of an electrical insulation oil, it is necessary to know its density, dynamic viscosity, dielectric constant, loss number and conductivity, and the effects of various exposure factors. This paper deals with mathematical and physical principles needed for studying and making correct measurements of the dynamic viscosity, density and electrical properties of insulation oils. Rheological properties were measured using an A&D SV-10 vibratory viscometer, and analytical balance with density determination kit, which operates on the principle of Archimedes’ law. Dielectric properties were measured using a LCR meter Agilent 4980A with connected with the Agilent 16452A test fixture for dielectric liquids.
Comparison of ATA and Updated ACOG Guidelines for Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy. Russian translation
Authors: Pearce Elizabeth N.
Published: March 2021

Thyroid dysfunction is relatively common in pregnancy. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) published its most recent guidelines regarding the management of thyroid disorders in pregnancy in 2017. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has recently published an updated practice bulletin for thyroid disease in pregnancy that supersedes its previous guidance published in 2015. A comparison of the similarities and differences between the clinical guidelines from the ATA and ACOG can serve to highlight areas of uncertainty where additional studies are needed and may also demonstrate areas where endocrinologists and obstetricians may elect differing approaches to clinical care. The ACOG and ATA guidelines recommend similar approaches to the interpretation of thyroid function testing during gestation and to the management of thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules, gestational thyrotoxicosis, and postpartum thyroiditis Both strongly recommend levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment for overtly hypothyroid pregnant women, and both recommend against the use of T3-containing thyroid hormone preparations when treating hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
Patient-derived xenograft model for uterine leiomyoma by sub-renal capsule grafting
Authors: Serna Vanida Ann , Kurita Takeshi
Published: March 2021

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) or fibroid is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the myometrium with a lifetime incidence of approximately 70%. ULs often require medical intervention due to severe symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding and abdominal pain. Although the most common and effective management of ULs is surgical removal, the invasive surgical procedure imposes physical and psychological burdens on the patients. Moreover, the economic burden of UL on health care system is enormous due to the high cost of surgeries. Thus, therapeutic options with long-term efficacy to replace surgical management are urgently needed. For the development of such medical options, reliable preclinical research models are imperative. Ex vivo culture of UL cells has been the primary research model for decades. However, recent studies demonstrated that primary cell culture is not a suitable model for UL research, as primary cultures of ULs mostly consist of non-tumor fibroblasts. Here we describe the protocol for patient-derived xenograft of UL, which faithfully replicates the phenotypes of human UL in situ.
Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Adeyanju Anne A. , Asejeje Folake O. , Molehin Olorunfemi R. , Owoeye Olatunde , Olatoye Esther O. , Ekpo Emmanuel N.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study seeks to investigate its underlying mechanism of action in the liver and brain toxicity induced by CCl4 in male albino rats.

Methods

Rats were given PCA at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily and orally as a pretreatment for seven days. A single injection of CCl4 was given 2 h later to induce brain and liver toxicity.

Results

CCl4 moderately elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). PCA lowered AST level significantly when compared to control. Total protein and albumin levels presented insignificant changes (p>0.05) in all groups while lipid profile showed increased total cholesterol level and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by CCl4. PCA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the cholesterol level while the 20 mg/kg dose moderately prevented HDL reduction. There was an increased MDA production with a corresponding low GSH level in the group treated with CCl4. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase in both organs also declined. PCA, especially at 10 mg/kg attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing GSH level in the organs. Biochemical assays revealed the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities by PCA in these organs. Furthermore, PCA lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokine COX 2 in the brain and liver while NF-kB expression was inhibited in the brain. Histopathology reports validated the effects of PCA.

Conclusions

PCA exhibited protection against toxicity in these tissues through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the potential mechanism might be through modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
Global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants: a systematic literature review
Authors: Siffel Csaba , Kistler Kristin D. , Sarda Sujata P.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2–4 among extremely preterm infants.

Methods

We performed searches in MEDLINE and Embase for intraventricular hemorrhage and prematurity cited in English language observational studies published from May 2006 to October 2017. Included studies analyzed data from infants born at ≤28 weeks’ gestational age and reported on intraventricular hemorrhage epidemiology.

Results

Ninety-eight eligible studies encompassed 39 articles from Europe, 31 from North America, 25 from Asia, five from Oceania, and none from Africa or South America; both Europe and North America were included in two publications. The reported global incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4 was 5–52% (Europe: 5–52%; North America: 8–22%; Asia: 5–36%; Oceania: 8–13%). When only population-based studies were included, the incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4 was 6–22%. The incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2 was infrequently documented and ranged from 5–19% (including population-based studies). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was generally inversely related to gestational age.

Conclusions

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a frequent complication of extremely preterm birth. Intraventricular hemorrhage incidence range varies by region, and the global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2 is not well documented.