bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine versus phenylephrine for post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section
Authors: Claes S , Rex S , Van de Velde M
Published: November 2024

Background: Currently, phenylephrine is the first-choice vasopressor for prevention and treatment of post- spinal hypotension in caesarean section. Phenylephrine is a potent α-adrenergic vasopressor with a dose- dependent reflex bradycardia and could in theory cause a drop in cardiac output and lower uteroplacental blood flow. Hence, there is an increased interest in the use of norepinephrine because of its weak β-adrenergic activity which can counteract the reflex bradycardia.

Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search and identified 35 trials related to the comparison of norepinephrine with phenylephrine for the prevention and/or treatment of post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section.

Results: In the present review thirty-five trials were reviewed which compared norepinephrine with phenylephrine for the prevention and/or treatment of post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section. The characteristics of all these trials were summarized in Table I. The effect on maternal hemodynamics, maternal adverse events, and neonatal outcome were summarized in Tables II, III, IV and V.

Conclusion: We concluded that in the healthy parturient delivering an expected healthy fetus via elective caesarean section there is increasing evidence to support norepinephrine as an effective and safe vasopressor in comparison to phenylephrine. Questions about the fetal safety of norepinephrine have been raised and therefore in high-risk populations (compromised fetuses, unhealthy parturients) and during emergency caesarean section, there is a need for more research before we can recommend the routine use of norepinephrine.
HIGH DOSES OF BISPHENOL-A PROMOTE A REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF MYENTERIC NEURONS IN RATS
Authors: Favetta Paula Montanhini , Caetano Ana Laura Bosco , Vigo Maria Eduarda Lopes da Silva , De Souza Giovana Vitória Vieira , Furlan Anna Clara de Melo , Geronimo Edson , Trindade Wesley Alves , Colla Itaruã Machri , Soares Andreia Assunção , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Germano Ricardo de Melo
Published: November 2024

Bisphenol-A (BPA), found in plastics and food coatings, is known for its potential adverse health effects. While some studies have focused on BPA's endocrine effects, other research explores its impact on the myenteric plexus, which controls the motility of the digestive tract. The study investigated the effects of BPA on myenteric plexus neurons in rats. For the analysis of the effects on the myenteric plexus (MP), 32 male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into four groups (n=8) that received filtered water via gavage over 12 weeks for the control group (CG), dose group 1 (DG1) BPA solution at 0.05mg/kg, dose group 2 (DG2) BPA solution at 0.25mg/kg, and dose group 3 (DG3) BPA solution at 0.5mg/kg. The animals were weighed weekly to adjust the administered volume. At the end of the experimental period, a new weighing was performed, and the rats were euthanized. After laparotomy, the intestinal segments corresponding to the jejunum-ileum were collected to demonstrate the density of the population (Giemsa+), the subpopulations of active myenteric neurons (NADH-d+), and the nitrergic subpopulation (NADPH-d+). BPA exposure did not significantly affect the rats' weight gain, but, there was a reduction in the total density of myenteric neurons in DG3 (10.78mm²) compared to DG (18.88mm²) and DG1 (16.28mm²), and also a reduction in the NADH-d+ subpopulation between DG3 (8.50mm²) and the CG (14.45mm²) and DG1 (14.17mm²) groups. For the nitrergic subpopulation (NADPH-d+), there was no difference in the expression of these neurons. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that there was a reduction in cholinergic neurons (NADPH-d-), calculated from the total population of neurons. These findings suggest that BPA may compromise the neuronal function of the MP, possibly by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis of subpopulations, acting as a xenoestrogen on the nuclear receptors of these neurons, and consequently affecting the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, interfering with cholinergic neuronal transmission and nitric oxide production, and also greater resistance of nitrergic neurons can be observed. Both studies highlight the importance of raising awareness about BPA, as well as the possible harmful effects on unique health. The need to understand the impacts of BPA on different biological systems is emphasized to better understand its effects on human health, especially considering its widespread presence in modern society.
La esencia de la transparencia en la responsabilidad social corporativa
Authors: Hernández Alvarado Ingrid Yahaira , Medellín de Dios Erika Marcela , Casanova Rivera José Antonio
Published: November 2024

La transparencia es un pilar fundamental en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC), destacando cómo esta práctica es crucial para fortalecer la confianza y la credibilidad de las empresas ante sus clientes. La transparencia no solo es una cuestión de ética, sino también de estrategia empresarial, ya que permite a las empresas gestionar mejor las expectativas de sus grupos de interés y mitigar riesgos asociados a la percepción pública. Como señala el artículo, la transparencia en la RSC es el puente que conecta las acciones de la empresa con la percepción pública, asegurando que lo que se dice y lo que se hace estén alineados. Esta alineación es esencial no solo para mantener la confianza de los clientes, sino también para fomentar un entorno interno de integridad y compromiso entre los empleados. El artículo también enfatiza que la falta de transparencia puede tener consecuencias negativas, tanto en términos de reputación como en la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de las organizaciones. Las empresas que no adoptan prácticas transparentes corren el riesgo de enfrentar sanciones legales, perder la confianza de los consumidores y sufrir impactos adversos en su desempeño financiero. Por el contrario, aquellas que priorizan la transparencia en su RSC son vistas como más confiables y responsables, lo que puede traducirse en una ventaja competitiva. Es por lo que la transparencia no solo es un componente esencial de la RSC, sino que también actúa como un catalizador para la confianza, la sostenibilidad y el éxito empresarial a largo plazo.
INDICE COMPLETO 2024 Vol9N1
Authors: Investigacion Investigacion
Published: November 2024

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ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE E INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE SEXTO DE PRIMARIA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA ESTATAL DEL DISTRITO DE VILLA MARÍA DEL TRIUNFO
Authors: Contreras Castro Karol Mabel
Published: November 2024

La presente investigación busca conocer cuál es la relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje y la inteligencia emocional en educandos que cursan el sexto año de educación primaria de un colegio de Lima. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo a una muestra de 58 educandos se les aplicó dos instrumentos: Cuestionario de Estilos de Aprendizaje CHAEA-Junior y el inventario de Inteligencia Emocional BarOn NA. Los hallazgos evidencian que el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo evidencia correlaciones significativas con la inteligencia emocional.
PROPUESTA DE TRATAMIENTO COGNITIVO CONDUCTUAL PARA UN CASO DE ANSIEDAD GENERALIZADA POR COVID-19 EN UN ADULTO MAYOR
Authors: Cuesta Rosa , Rivera Jackeline , Vega Luz , Berrocal Paola , Flores Lourdes , Roman Yuri
Published: November 2024

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo presentar un Programa de Intervención Cognitivo Conductual para el manejo de un Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en un adulto mayor con comorbilidades ocurrido durante la pandemia por COVID-19 por vía telefónica.  Como instrumento de evaluación se empleó la entrevista, historia clínica, cuestionarios de ansiedad estado - rasgo (STAI), Cuestionario de Creencias Irracionales de Ellis, Inventario Clinico Multiaxial Millon III y Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck Forma B - Adultos. La propuesta terapéutica considera el Diseño Metodológico caso único ABA, la cual está compuesta por 3 sesiones de evaluación, 24 sesiones de tratamiento y 3 sesiones de seguimiento.  Así mismo, como técnica de tratamiento se utilizó la psicoeducación, autorregistros, respiración diafragmática, aceptación radical, mindfulness, detención de pensamiento, refocalización atencional, defusión cognitiva y TREC (Debate de pensamiento: argumentos empíricos, argumentos pragmáticos y frases de afrontamiento), inoculación del estrés y entrenamiento en solución de problema.
Discriminación Algorítmica y Sesgos Históricos en Proceso Selectivo Electrónico y las Normas de Protección de Datos
Authors: Carloto Selma , Kazuo Takahata André
Published: November 2024

Las empresas están adoptando cada vez más sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), incluyendo en el proceso de selección. Sin embargo, encontramos que aumentan los riesgos de violaciones de los derechos humanos y fundamentales, principalmente a través de la discriminación algorítmica, cuando se reproducen sesgos y estereotipos. La metodología adoptada implica la recopilación de datos del mundo real, incluido el caso de Amazon, para responder empíricamente a la pregunta de nuestra investigación, una revisión bibliográfica sobre sesgos históricos y el análisis legal comparativo de los institutos de la legislación brasileña y de la Unión Europea, en diálogo con otras ciencias, sobre una base interdisciplinaria. Preliminarmente, en un estudio comparativo con la Unión Europea, se encontró que un sistema de IA, para ser confiable, debe cumplir con tres pilares y tener, de manera concomitante, validación legal y técnica y ser ético, lo que motivó la interdisciplinariedad de la presente investigación. Se encontró que los sesgos históricos perpetúan prácticas discriminatorias en el aprendizaje automático cuando se tratan de manera inadecuada datos personales sensibles, que no deben tratarse en procesos de selección electrónica, excepto en el caso de acciones afirmativas en beneficio de candidatos de grupos históricamente discriminados, y que los sesgos históricos son una de las principales causas de la discriminación algorítmica en el contexto del proceso de selección electrónico.
Keeping It Short and Simple: Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Common Pediatric Bacterial Infections
Authors: Fojas Tracy Anne
Published: November 2024

“If you use penicillin, use enough.” – a previous warning from the inventor of penicillin, Alexander Fleming regarding antibiotics.1 In the early 1940s, penicillin resulted to favorable outcomes within 4 to 5 days, yet the belief that longer antibiotic use is necessary is still being practiced even in these modern days. The 7-day use of these medicines was based on the code by a Roman Emperor in AD 321 that there are 7 days in a week. Surprisingly, even in the era of evidence-based medicine, this belief and practice has remained to be the basis of antibiotic duration.2
The objective of this article is to review the current guidelines and updates on the duration of treatment of common bacterial infections in children.
Accuracy of the Daily Dengue Severity Score in Assessing Disease Severity in Children
Authors: Abella Mary Ann , Ranile Belle
Published: November 2024

Background: Dengue is a global health concern, particularly in tropical regions such as the Philippines. In 2019, Cebu City reported the highest number of dengue cases in Central Visayas with 3,290 cases and 20 deaths, an 11.8% increase compared to 20181. To help predict disease outcomes and provide timely management, a scoring system, the Daily Dengue Severity Score (DDSS)2 was utilized.

Objective: To determine the clinicodemographic profile of dengue patients, determine the accuracy of the DDSS in assessing disease severity, and determine a cut off score that suggests severe dengue.

Methods: Patients 1 month to 18 years admitted for dengue at Perpetual Succour Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were included. Cases were classified as Dengue without Warning Signs, Dengue with Warning Signs, and Severe Dengue, and scored using the DDSS. Statistical analysis used were Geometric mean and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curves to analyze the discriminative performance of the DDSS among the different disease severity states.

Results: Out of 327 cases, 34 were classified as Dengue without Warning Signs, 271 Dengue with Warning Signs, and 22 Severe Dengue. The highest mean DDSS was 17.7 ±14.0 at Day -4 among those with Severe Dengue, and the lowest mean DDSS was 1.1 ± 2.0 at Day +3 among those with Dengue without Warning Signs. A cut off point of 10 on Day -1 predicted subsequent Severe Dengue among patients with Dengue with Warning Signs. In 91.39% of cases, there was a significant relationship between the DDSS and dengue classification, and the higher the DDSS, the more severe the disease.

Conclusion: Majority of dengue patients were males, aged 8.1 to 9.2 years. DDSS showed 66.67% sensitivity, 92.86% specificity, a positive likelihood ratio of 9.3, and a cutoff of 10 is predictive of severe dengue among patients with dengue with warning signs.
Analysis Of Land Ownership Disputes By Foreign Nationals Based On Wills: Case Study Of Supreme Court Decision No. 1134/Pdt/2009 In The Perspective Of International Civil Law
Authors: Putri Dwi Ramadhani Shahnata , Arum Prastyanti Rina
Published: November 2024

Land ownership in Indonesia is strictly regulated, especially for foreigners, through the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This legal foundation limits the rights of foreigners in terms of land ownership, especially property rights, according to Article 21 of the UUPA. The case of Supreme Court Decision No. 1134/Pdt/2009 provides a clear example of how the recognition of inheritance rights for foreigners on land can lead to complicated legal issues. The method of this research is normative juridical with a statutory and case approach. This method focuses on the analysis of Supreme Court Decision No. 1134/PDT/2009 on land ownership disputes between citizens and foreigners based on wills. Primary data was obtained through court decisions and related laws and regulations, such as the UUPA, while secondary data was through legal literature, and legal periodicals In Supreme Court Decision No. 1134/Pdt/2009, legal considerations regarding land ownership by foreign nationals (WNA) based on wills are the basis of juridical considerations in the case. one of the basic principles that apply in international civil law is lex situs or the law that applies in the country where the land object is located. Based on the principle of lex situs, any breach or agreement relating to property must be subject to the law of the country where the property is located. According to an analysis of Supreme Court decision No. 1134/Pdt/2009, although foreign nationals can receive land through wills, Indonesian agrarian law explicitly prohibits foreigners from owning land. This creates a conflict between domestic law and the legal principles of international property rights protection. Decision No. 1134/Pdt/2009 became an important reference in Indonesian international civil and agrarian law.
Haylife and Haylore in Starchiojd (Prahova county, Romania): from Present to Past
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Fruntelată Ioana-Ruxandra , Dudău Elena ,   University of Bucharest, Mușa Cristian ,   “C. Brăiloiu” Institute of Ethnography and Folklore
Published: November 2024

Starchiojd village lies on Teleajen plateau, in a hilly area of the eastern sub-Carpathians, Romania, at the crossroads upon the border of historical provinces Wallachia and Transylvania. Animal (cattle and sheep) husbandry is still an active and dominant occupation for villagers in Starchiojd, therefore so is haymaking. During our ethnological field research in 2013 and 2014 we collected different types of information on local hay culture, that were found in both written private documents and oral accounts, which we stored in the form of photographs, recordings or field notes. Our paper relies mainly on audio recordings that suggest that hay culture imprints a certain organization of space, time and social relations at present, which could be coined “haylife”. We also show that talking with informants about hay activates certain memories of the past village life, including “haylore”, i.e. knowledge, beliefs and superstitions associated to hay.
In Search of Eligibility: Common Agricultural Policy and the Reconfiguration of Hay Meadows Management in the Romanian Highlands
Authors:   National Museum of the Romanian Peasant, Iancu Bogdan , Stroe Monica ,   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the centrality of haymaking in semi-subsistence highland farming in Romania has been witnessing a comeback, as EU agricultural subsidies meant to stimulate sustainable land management are an increasingly attractive source of income for marginal rural communities. However, semi-subsistence peasants in highland Romania are struggling to adjust to the system of agro-environmental subsidies promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy. The legitimacy and sustainability of certain traditional uses of land and natural resources are challenged by the hegemonic normative discourse of “ecosystem services” imposed through agro-environmental subsidies.
Herb Garden, "En Herbe"
Authors:   Atelier Foaie Verde, Romania, Triboi Nicolas
Published: November 2024

During the years 2013-2015, in each season (spring 2013, summer 2014 and autumn 2015), the landscape designers Nicolas Triboi and Alina Adăscăliței, together with the curators Ruxandra Grigorescu and Mirela Florian from the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant have organised, at the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Bucharest), three thematic exhibitions concerning the use in different seasons of the meadows in Mușcel region, southern Romania. These meadows, locally called “gardens”, are not only used for providing food and hay, but they also are filled with emotional and cultural value.
Hay Days in the “Black Forest” – Field Notes and Photographs from Caraorman, the Danube Delta
Authors:   Faculty of Sociology and Social Assistance, University of Bucharest; and “Constantin Brăiloiu” Institute for Ethnography and Folklore, Iorga Alexandru
Published: November 2024

In this essay I will provide an account of haymaking and animal husbandry practices in a post-socialist village from the Romanian Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. The paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the summer and autumn of 2011 in the village of Caraorman. Photographs presented in this paper were taken by the author in the same year, using different cameras. They are situated representational fragments of a quotidian that I participated in, which have emerged from my engagement with the site.
Systemrelevant, aber nicht anerkannt ?
Authors: BERGMANN NADJA , SCHEELE ALEXANDRA , SORGER CLAUDIA
Published: November 2024

Verkäufer*innen und Kassierer*innen im Einzelhandel gehörten während der Covid-19-Pandemie zu den „systemrelevanten“ Berufsgruppen, die jedoch nur kurz öffentliche Wertschätzung erfahren haben. Es handelt sich um Berufe, in denen die Arbeitsanforderungen und -bedingungen für viele Beschäftigte belastend sind und in denen Arbeitsorganisation und Arbeitszeiten die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie erschweren. Hinzu kommen eine geringe gesellschaftliche Wertschätzung und ein niedriges Einkommen. Anhand von Ergebnissen aus einem qualitativen empirischen Forschungsprojekt wird in dem Beitrag in Anlehnung an Honneths Überlegungen zum „arbeitenden Souverän“ untersucht, wie die Beschäftigten ihre Arbeitssituation während der Corona-Pandemie erlebten. Jenseits der konkreten Frage, ob und wie die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessert werden können, ﻿diskutieren die Autorinnen den Zusammenhang zwischen geringen Mitbestimmungsmöglichkeiten auf betrieblicher Ebene und demokratischer Willensbildung.
Ungleiche Teilhabe : Marginalisierte Arme – verunsicherte Mitte. WSI-Verteilungsbericht 2024
Authors: SPANNAGEL DOROTHEE , BRÜLLE JAN
Published: November 2024

De jure wird in Deutschland jedem Menschen ein Mindestmaß an gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe garantiert. De facto sind die Teilhabemöglichkeiten der Menschen ungleich verteilt. Ziel des diesjährigen Verteilungsberichts ist es aufzuzeigen, an welchen Stellen in der unteren Einkommenshälfte materielle und politische Teilhabe gefährdet sind. Dabei wird deutlich: Während materielle Teilhabe vor allem für Arme deutlich eingeschränkt ist, reicht eine brüchige politische Teilhabe bis in die untere Mitte der Gesellschaft hinein. Einige Menschen in der unteren Einkommenshälfte fühlen eine Entfremdung vom politischen System und wenden sich tendenziell von der Demokratie ab. Gleichzeitig sind Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Zukunft in der gesamten unteren Einkommenshälfte verbreitet. Wenn aber gesellschaftliche Teilhabe für eine Hälfte der Bevölkerung ins Wanken gerät, hat das Folgen für die Gesellschaft als Ganze, nicht zuletzt auch für die stabile Verankerung unseres politischen Systems. Hier gegenzusteuern und eine solide gesellschaftliche Teilhabe gerade auch für Menschen in der unteren Hälfte der Einkommensverteilung zu stärken, ist eine zentrale Herausforderung unserer Zeit.
Mitbestimmung bleibt umkämpft. Ergebnisse der vierten Befragung zur Be- und Verhinderung von Betriebsratswahlen
Authors: BEHRENS MARTIN , DRIBBUSCH HEINER
Published: November 2024

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse der vierten WSI-Befragung zur Be- und Verhinderung von Betriebsratswahlen. Die Befragung wurde unter lokalen Gewerkschaftsorganisationen durchgeführt. Sie wurde 2023 abgeschlossen und schließt an ähnliche Studien der Jahre 2012, 2015 sowie 2019 an. Die Befunde bestätigen, dass die Gründung eines Betriebsrats ein umstrittenes Unterfangen ist. Der Beitrag skizziert den Widerstand von Unternehmen gegen die betriebliche Mitbestimmung vor dem Hintergrund des deutschen Systems der Arbeitsbeziehungen und stellt sodann die Erhebung und ihre Resultate vor. Der Artikel schließt mit einer kurzen Betrachtung der Beweggründe und strukturellen Hintergründe der Behinderung von Betriebsratswahlen sowie mit Vorschlägen für gesetzliche Reformen, um die geschilderten Probleme anzugehen.
Journey through the MILtiverse: Media and Information Literacy toolkit for youth organizations
Authors:   UNESCO, González-Gil Natalia , Virviescas Alejandro Santamaría
Published: November 2024

This toolkit, “Journey through the MILtiverse,” is designed to help youth
organizations integrate Media and Information Literacy (MIL) into their
policies, strategies, and operations. It covers essential topics such as
countering hate speech and disinformation while protecting freedom of
expression, promoting ethical content creation, and fostering online
peacebuilding.

The toolkit equips youth organizations to foster critical thinking skills among
young people and strengthen their participation in the online world.
Tóm tắt bản hướng dẫn lựa chọn kháng đông đường uống không kháng vitamin K trên bệnh nhân rung nhĩ dựa trên đặc điểm lâm sàng – quan điểm nhóm chuyên gia Việt Nam
Authors: Tôn Thất Minh
Published: November 2024

Rung nhĩ  là dạng rối loạn nhịp phổ biến nhấtm ảnh hưởng lên khoảng 60 triệu bệnh nhân trên toàn thế giới.1 Nguy cơ đột quỵ ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ cao hơn so với dân số chung, đồng thời rung nhĩ cũng làm tăng nguy cơ tử vong. Hiện tại sử dụng kháng đông nhằm dự phòng đột quỵ và thuyên tắc hệ thống là một trong những trụ cột quan trọng trong quản lý rung nhĩ. Trong nhiều năm trước đây, tại Việt Nam cũng như trên thế giới, các thuốc kháng vitamin K gần như là lựa chọn kháng đông duy nhất trong dự phòng đột quỵ ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ. Tuy nhiên việc sử dụng và tuân thủ điều trị với các thuốc kháng vitamin K gặp nhiều khó khăn do các nhược điểm cố hữu của thuốc như khoảng điều trị hẹp, tác dụng khó tiên đoán, nhiều tương tác với thức ăn và thuốc dùng kèm. Sự ra đời của các thuốc kháng đông đường uống không kháng vitamin K (NOAC) đã tạo ra bước tiến lớn trong dự phòng đột quỵ ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ. NOAC không chỉ khắc phục nhược điểm của thuốc kháng vitamin K mà còn cho thấy ưu thế về hiệu quả và độ an toàn. Cho đến nay các NOAC là lựa chọn đầu tay trong dự phòng đột quỵ ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ khi không có chống chỉ định.2 Sự xuất hiện đồng thời cả 4 NOAC tại Việt Nam đem lại cho các bác sĩ lâm sàng nhiều lựa chọn tốt tuy nhiên câu hỏi lựa chọn NOAC nào trong từng tình huống lâm sàng cụ thể vẫn là câu hỏi chưa có câu trả lời thỏa đáng khi mà các nghiên cứu ngẫu nhiên, đối chứng, so sánh đối đầu giữa các NOAC. Cuối năm 2023, nhóm chuyên gia tim mạch – đột quỵ Việt Nam đã công bố bản hướng dẫn lựa chọn NOAC trên bệnh nhân rung nhĩ dựa trên đặc điểm lâm sàng trên tạp chí European Cardiology Review đã phần nào giải đáp được câu hỏi trên.3,4 Những nội dung quan trọng trong hai phần của bản khuyến cáo sẽ được tóm lược  dưới đây.
Tóm tắt nghiên cứu quan sát so sánh hiệu quả và độ an toàn giữa rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran trên bệnh nhân rung nhĩ
Authors: Đinh Hiếu Nhân
Published: November 2024

Hiện nay, dự phòng đột quỵ và thuyên tắc huyết khối hệ thống bằng thuốc kháng đông là một trong ba trụ cột quan trọng trong chiến lược quản lý rung nhĩ. Trong đó các thuốc kháng đông đường uống tác dụng trực tiếp (DOACs) có nhiều ưu điểm hơn so với warfarin và được khuyến nghị ưu tiên sử dụng nếu không có chống chỉ định.1. Tuy nhiên, hiệu quả và độ an toàn giữa các DOAC có khác nhau không trong điều trị dự phòng thuyên tắc huyết khối ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ vẫn chưa có câu trả lời chắc chắn trong bối cảnh chưa có các nghiên cứu ngẫu nhiên đối chứng, so sánh đối đầu trực tiếp giữa các DOAC và các dữ liệu hiện có đều dựa trên những phân tích hồi cứu từ các thử nghiệm đoàn hệ khác nhau. Nghiên cứu quan sát, hồi cứu, trên cơ sở điểm bắt cặp xu hướng của nhóm tác giả Isreal công bố vào 2023 trên tạp chí Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy thực hiện nhằm so sánh hiệu quả và độ an toàn giữa rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran đã bổ sung thêm những thông tin quan trọng về vấn đề này. Nội dung nghiên cứu này sẽ được tóm lược dưới đây.2
CAN THIỆP HẸP ĐỘNG MẠCH CHỦ BỤNG KÈM TỔN THƯƠNG BÓC TÁCH, PHÌNH
Authors: Lê Văn Duy , Hồ Anh Bình , Nguyễn Thế Thiệt
Published: November 2024

Hẹp nặng động mạch chủ bụng (abdominal aortic stenosis) kèm tổn thương bóc tách, phình là một tình trạng phức tạp và hiếm gặp. Trước đây Phẫu thuật mở thay động mạch chủ bụng thường được áp dụng để điều trị những tổn thương của động mạch chủ. Gần đây phương pháp can thiệp nội mạch với nhiều ưu điểm là một giải pháp thay thế khả thi và an toàn cho phẫu thuật mở, mang lại hiệu quả tái thông cao, với kết quả lâu dài hấp dẫn, tỷ lệ tái can thiệp và biến chứng thấp và thời gian nằm viện ngắn hơn đặc biệt các tổn thương vị trí dưới thận. Hơn một thập kỷ qua, với nhiều bước tiến lớn trong việc cải tiến dụng cụ can thiệp tim mạch, việc can thiệp nội mạch đặt stent động mạch chủ ở bệnh nhân hẹp động mạch chủ bụng nặng kèm tổn thương phình và bóc tách phức tạp đạt được tỉ lệ thành công cao. Chúng tôi xin trân trọng chia sẻ những kinh nghiệm điều trị trong 2 trường hợp hẹp nặng động mạch chủ bụng phức tạp kèm tổn thương phình và bóc tách được can thiệp đặt stent.
Thực trạng một số yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch chính và kết quả can thiệp bước đầu trên người dân tộc Thái mắc tăng huyết áp được quản lý tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa huyện Sông Mã, tỉnh Sơn La
Authors: Đinh Thị Hiền , Phạm Mạnh Hùng , Phạm Thái Sơn , Dương Ngọc Long
Published: November 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng một số yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch chính và kết quả can thiệp bước đầu trên người dân tộc Thái mắc tăng huyết áp (THA) được quản lý tại Bệnh viện đa khoa huyện Sông Mã tỉnh Sơn La năm 2024.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được tiến hành trên 298 người dân tộc Thái từ 25 tuổi mắc tăng huyết áp đang được quản lý tại Bệnh viện đa khoa huyện Sông Mã, tỉnh Sơn La năm 2024.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nữ/nam 1.08. 86.9% từ 50 tuổi. Có mối liên quan giữa 2 giới với từng yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch là chỉ số vòng eo/vòng mông, hút thuốc lá, sử dụng rượu, ăn nhiều rau, quả (p<0.05). Tỷ lệ đạt huyết áp mục tiêu là 34.9%, có mối liên quan đơn biến với các yếu tố giới tính, hút thuốc lá, ăn đủ lượng rau, củ quả trên ngày, hoạt động thể lực, và mắc bệnh đái tháo đường kèm theo.
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ đạt huyết áp mục tiêu là 34.9%. Cần tăng cường công tác dự phòng và các biện pháp quản lý, can thiệp nhằm nâng cao tỷ lệ đạt mục tiêu điều trị cho người dân tộc Thái mắc tăng huyết áp tại huyện Sông mã, tỉnh Sơn la.
Nghiên cứu chức năng thất trái bằng siêu âm đánh dấu mô trên người bệnh hội chứng động mạch vành mạn chưa có chỉ định tái thông động mạch vành
Authors: Mai Thị Thương , Nguyễn Văn Thành , Đỗ Doãn Lợi
Published: November 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát chỉ số sức căng dọc thất trái (GLS) và mối liên quan của chỉ số này với một số thông số lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng ở bệnh nhân hội chứng động mạch vành mạn (HCĐMVM) chưa có chỉ định tái thông động mạch vành (ĐMV) tại Viện Tim mạch Việt Nam, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 55 bệnh nhân HCĐMVM, được điều trị tại Viện Tim mạch Việt Nam, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 7/2023 đến tháng 7/2024. Tất cả các đối tượng nghiên cứu đều được hỏi tiền sử, triệu chứng, khám lâm sàng, các xét nghiệm cơ bản, chụp ĐMV qua da hoặc chụp cắt lớp vi tính ĐMV tổn thương có ý nghĩa (hẹp ≥ 50%) chưa có chỉ định tái thông động mạch. Siêu âm tim đánh dấu mô 2D được tiến hành cho tất cả các đối tượng nghiên cứu trên máy siêu âm Vivid S70N (có trang bị phần mềm AFI).
Kết quả: Giá trị sức căng dọc toàn bộ thất trái (GLS) trung bình của nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu là -19,17±3,05%. Chỉ số GLS giảm dần theo số nhánh ĐMV bị tổn thương (1 nhánh -19,36±3,1%, 2 nhánh -18,97±3,86%, 3 nhánh -15,24%, p>0,05). GLS có mối tương quan nghịch biến mức độ trung bình với EF-Biplane (r=-0,391, p<0,01).
Science in Superposition. Towards a Communicative Semantics of the Concept of Science
Authors: Antonovski Alexander Yu. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The article raises the problem of the ambiguity and polysemantic nature of the complex and heterogeneous semantics of the concept of science. This concept includes theories and methods, models and classifications of reality, scientific laws and laws of nature, scientific thinking, scientific publications, experiments and laboratory activities, scientific institutes and research teams, scientific research, expertise and scientific disciplines, scientific knowledge and scientific truth, etc. Nevertheless, with all the abovementioned complexity, science exhibits the properties of a single, dynamically developing complex phenomenon and, accordingly, requires an appropriate interdisciplinary, complex definition that is sensitive to its fundamental contexts: thematic, social and temporal.
Reading Technoscientific Articles between the Lines
Authors: Nikiforova Nataliya V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

Based on the text of M. Mikeshin’s article, the author discusses how one can adjust the optics of epistemological reading of the article to see meta-scientific and cultural problems in a technoscientific text. The approaches developed within the STS (science and technology studies) field can help in this. STS point to the dependence of explanatory models of nature on specific epistemic cultures, and problematize the position of technological determinism, revealing a complex and contingent structure of interaction between nature, society, knowledge and technology. Laboratory studies (B. Latour, S. Woolgar, K. Knorr-Cetina) pointed to the prominence of literature in scientific work and showed that text of a scientific paper is a form of representation of the universe and mythology of a given scientific group or school. The concept of “sociotechnical imaginaries” (Sh. Jasanoff) allows us to analyze how values and perceptions of the desired future are embodied in the design of technological systems and principles of science and technology policy. The related concept of “energy imaginaries” is used to explore the specificity of national energy systems and the relationship of material configurations of infrastructure to the culture and political imagination of a community. Analyzing the visual material of scientific papers allows us to “unpack” the specificity of models that represent a stable picture of scientific knowledge. STS methodological settings can help to investigate a set of contextual aspects and metaproblems that are present in a technoscientific text, even without being explicitly included by the author – they are the result of conventions accepted in the respective scientific or regional community, correlate with the horizon of national or social perceptions and objectives. The power of epistemological reading of the article is thus expressed in the problematization of obviousness, revealing the correlation of sociocultural contexts with technoscientific ways of describing the world.
Rhetoric of Technical Articles
Authors: Koltsova Elena A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The current discussion within the framework of applied epistemology and interdisciplinary field opens up the possibilities for a linguistic approach. The paper presents the instance of linguistic analysis of technical scientific discourse. The empirical data includes the texts from mining and mineral processing sphere. The analysis focuses on the rhetorical devices, the manifestation of subjective, authorial identity and the interaction between the author/subject and the prospective addressee. The credibility of the obtained results is established through the comparison of English and Russian linguistic and cultural traditions. The revealed rhetorical patterns, namely the authorial self-identification, the communicative distance and building a dialogue with the audience, contribute to the understanding of cognitive characteristics of researchers and their culturally determined specificity. English researchers in the field of technoscience are more likely to find a balance between the objective presentation of data and the authorial reference. The rhetorical devices used by English technoscientists aim to enhance communicative efficiency and outline the boundaries of the researcher’s responsibility. Russian technoscience demonstrates an impersonal manner and the lack of personal involvement in the scientific narration.
Experts vs Society
Authors: Shapiro Olga A. , Shkorubskaya Elena G. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the expert knowledge crisis, which consists in a decrease in public trust in scientific experts, the transformation of the role of experts in making socially significant decisions, escapism or neglect on the part of experts in relation to the society. We believe that in order to resolve the existing confrontation between society and experts, it is necessary to compare the positions of both, and then formulate common grounds that can serve for resolving the conflict. We assign the role of moderator in the practice of resolving this conflict to politicians, who are forced to maneuver between the advice of experts and the opinions of voters, and also take responsibility for the consequences of implementing decisions. Reconstructing the position of experts, we rely primarily on the work of T. Nichols “The Death of Expertise”. We believe that it very clearly articulates the concerns of the scientific community about its current status, role and future fate, as well as the expert community’s understanding of the reasons for the current situation. The position of society is expressed in the works of P. Feyerabend. So, as the first task of our article, we see a comparison of these positions and identification of key points of conflict contradiction. Looking for resolving the conflict contradiction, we rely on the concept of communicative action by J. Habermas and the ideas of the actor-network theory of B. Latour. It is possible to compare all four positions thanks to the analytical approach to the history of philosophy of J. Barnes. An argumentative analysis makes it possible to clearly identify both the basic points of their contradiction and the positions common to all parties, which should form the basis for the search for consensus. Such basic positions are not the assessment of expert or profane knowledge, but the desire by all parties of communication to preserve the democratic structure of society.
Faces of Politics in STS
Authors: Petrukhina Polina S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The political dimension of science is one of the major topics in STS. The “political” there has two distinguishable, although often complementary, faces: it can be considered as an object of study, as well as a source of conceptual metaphors. In the first case politics, understood literally as a domain of particular social relations concerning the public sphere and the distribution of power resources, is inevitably involved in the discussions of any issues related to the science’s role and place in the society and the state. In the second case the sphere of politics is no longer a mere object of study but a field where new conceptual instruments for STS can be found or created. P. Feyerabend’s works allow to distinguish and illustrate these two ways of engaging the political in STS. His concept of epistemological anarchism is the result of metaphorical transition of the notion of anarchy from political discourse into philosophical one, while his referring to the problems of democracy in science and society is an example of using politics as a research object along with the science itself. The paper traces both the differences and conceptual relationships between these two faces of politics in STS from Feyerabend to some of the present-day approaches such as actor-network theory. Examples of the development of the issues raised by Feyerabend and the specifics of addressing them in modern projects, as well as the political dimension of the STS themselves are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the projects of B. Latour, J. Law and A. Mol and the concept of ontological politics, which comprises various complex forms of hybridization of politics as both an object and a tool of research, as well as of descriptive and prescriptive research modes.
Reflections on Schlick and Waismann on Philosophy
Authors: Priest Graham ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

This essay deals with the views of two central members of the Vienna Circle, Moritz Schlick and Friedrich Waismann, on the nature of philosophy. It provides a commentary on ‘The Turning Point in Philosophy’, by the former, and ‘How I see Philosophy’, by the latter. The essay ends each commentary with some brief thoughts on what is to be learned from the paper about philosophy and the nature of its progress.
Review on the Invited Session “Science in a Free Society. On the Centenary of Paul Feyerabend”, XXVth World Congress of Philosophy, Rome, 2–3 of August, 2024
Authors: Sokolova Tatiana D. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The paper reviews the Invited session "Science in a Free Society. On the Centenary of Paul Feyerabend", held within the framework of the XXV World Congress of Philosophy in Rome on August 2–3, 2024. It provides a brief summary of the talks as well as summarises the main issues of the event.
The Soul of Politics: The Reverend Jim Wallis's Attempt to Transcend the Religious/Secular Left and the Religious Right
Authors: Lattin Bohn David , Underhill Steve ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

Preacher and social activist Jim Wallis has written and spoke out against what he identified as the polarizing effects between the Religious/ Secular Left and the Religious Right His first hook The Soul of Politics: A Practical and Prophetic Vision for Change (1995) reveals Wallis's attempt to create a rhetorical vision that transcends thepolarizingpolitical ideologies of the Left and Right. An analysis of Wallis's rhetoric reveals that while his rhetorical goal was laudable the message, built in the form of a jeremiad, lacked consistency and failed to transcend the Frames of Acceptance of both the Left and the Right.
Religion and Gender in the News: The Case of Promise Keepers, Feminists, and the Stand in the GapRally
Authors: Abbott Jennifer Young ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

The Christian men's group, Promise Keepers, received glowing television news coverage for its 1997 rally in Washington, B.C., which defied typical coverage of religious organizations. Scholars have attributed the positive stories to the lack of airtime for the group's feminist critics. I argue, however, that the television news reports favored Promise Keepers because of the feminists' presence in the news stories. The news media characterized both groups in contrast to each other, portraying Promise Keepers as 'feminine" and the feminists as "masculine." In contrasting genders, the media endorsed Promise Keepers' sincerity and dismissed the feminists' concerns as paranoid. This study helps to explain Promise Keepers' rise to fame and subsequent fall, and it modifies theories about media gendering and framing.
Cesar Chavez's Rhetorical Use of Rehgious Symbols
Authors: Zompetti Joseph ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

Cesar Chavez has been studied and praised as one of the twentieth century's greatest orators. One of his strengths as a rhetor, however, has consistently been overlooked—his use of religious themes and images to identify and reach-out to his audience. This paper analyzes several speeches by Chavez to understand how he used religious themes and images. We find that the religious elements in Chavez's rhetoric signify the use of particular strategies as well as how he embodied religious themes and principles in his everyday life.
Religion in the Box: Viewership of Rehgious Television Programs in the Philippines
Authors: Pernia Elena E. , San Pascual Maria Rosel , Kwon Dong Hwan ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

This article presents findings from the survey and focus group discussions on cultural adaptation through televangelical Christian programs among Metro Manila audiences conducted in 2004. Conditions appear to he favorable for religious television programs as venues for evangelization and discipleship in the Philippines. HoM/ever, consumption of these programs remains limited where viewership patterns are irregular at best. Moreover, there appears to be a mismatch between source intentions and audience motivations as common reasons for watching are often less than sublime or spiritual, i.e., entertainment, curiosity, and passing time. Audiences have a rather diverse definition of religious programs, runningfrom the traditional (i.e., anything that is about characters and events from the Bible) to those breaking the stereotype (i.e., prime time dramas and socio-civic outreach programs). For the audiences, these shows succeed on discipleship rather conversion.
Individual Prayer Behavior in Times of Personal Distress: Typological Development and Empirical Examination with a College Student Sample
Authors: MacGeorge Erina L. , Bodie Graham D. , Sietman Ginger L. B. , Geddes Brian , Faris Jeralyn L. , Samter Wendy ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

Despite its ubiquity and religious importance, individual prayer in times of personal distress has not received much research attention. The current study presents a conceptual analysis and typology of individual prayer behavior in times of distress, and examines the influence of denomination, religiosity, and perceptions of God on these types of prayer College student participants (N = 596) completed measures of religiosity (belief in God, church attendance, and intrinsic religiosity), perceptions of God (lovingness and controllingness), and denomination, along with the Individual Prayer about Problems Inventory (IPPl), which was developed for this study Results indicate that some types of individual prayer about problems are more widely utilized (e.g., asking for coping assistance, disclosing about the problem) than are others (asking for enlightenment, bargaining) and that denomination, religiosity, and the perceived lovingness of God influence how people approach God in times of personal difficulty.
Augustinian Political Theory and Religious Discourse in Public Life
Authors: Tell Dave ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

This essay argues that Augustine found in Christianity the resources for a pluralist politics—a politics that refused to read history in divine terms or people according to transcendent categories. Unlike so many contemporary iterations of pluralist politics, Augustine's pluralism is grounded in the ambiguity of the public rather than the neutrality of the public. I argue that this distinction is central, and marks an important contribution to the current debate over the place of religious discourse in public life.
"If by Martyrdom I Can Advance My Race One Step, I am Ready for It": Prophetic Ethos and the Reception of Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Woman's Bible
Authors: Woodyard Kerith M. ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

This essay ventures to understand the overwhelmingly negative reception of The Woman's Bible among nineteenth century audiences not as a symptom of Stanton's rhetorical failing hut rather as a sign of the prophetic ethos at work in her rhetorical choices. Focusing on Stanton's treatment of the Scriptural passages she found most offensive and foundational to female oppression (Genesis, Chapters 1-3), this essay seeks to provide an understanding of how Stanton's feminist interpretation of biblical accounts of the Creation and the Fall created controversy both within and outside the woman suffrage movement and functioned as part of a larger tradition of prophetic discourse.
A Rhetoric of Contemporary Christian Discourse
Authors: Reid Robert Stephen ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

This essay argues for a rhetoric of Christian discourse that also provides for the possibility of a set of critical moves by which the coherence of public expressions of a Christian ethos that "dwells rhetorically'' in discourse (Hyde 2004) can be assessed. Three domains of identity are explored as a narrative rather than doctrinal conception of Christian identity configured in oral and written discourse: a tradition-based reasoning, a narrativelyshaped worldview, and a hope engendered identity & ethic of responsibility Critical moves by which the coherence of each feature can be determined are indicated.
Portraits of the Future Church: A Rhetorical Analysis of Congregational Websites
Authors: Baab Lynne M. ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: November 2024

The websites of six American Protestant Christian congregations were examined using rhetorical analysis. Three types of congregations were selected because they represent possible future directions for the American church. The two megachurches drew strongly on metaphors of home and family, emphasizing places for connection within the larger congregation. They offered multiple options for engagement within a strongly unified congregational voice. The two vibrant liberal/mainline churches emphasized inclusion and diversity, while drawing on more traditional genres of communication on their websites. The two emergent church websites resembled eco-friendly, artsy coffee houses, with multiple voices on the website offering opportunities for engagement in virtual community and options for face-to-face community. All three kinds of congregations drew on and reified American cultural values, but in distinctly different ways, demonstrating that the future church in the United States will likely continue to he firmly embedded in various movements within the culture.