bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buildings energy consumption modeling methods
Authors: Aimagambetova Zaure , Bektemyssova Gulnara , Ibraeva Zhanar
Published: August 2020

The tasks of improving energy efficiency are one of the main parts of the project in the process of its implementation. The present paper discusses methods of mathematical modeling of heat transferring processes taking into account climatic factors of the city of Turkestan of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using a one-dimensional model of the equations of heat conduction, a nonlinear equation is compiled regarding the temperature of the material on an open surface. Methods for solving the nonlinear equation are applied, numerical calculations are carried out. The accuracy of the obtained mathematical methods should increase with the use of computer modeling and the improvement of mathematical devices of calculations, which requires further study of the obtained calculations. The results of numerical calculations are presented in graphical form. The analysis of various modeling methods helps in choosing the right solutions for a particular case. Nowadays, environmental problems, climate change, more than ever, require modern tools and technologies to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, such as energy modeling, mathematical modeling of the microclimate.
Absorption cleaning of ventilation emissions
Authors: Barysheva Olga , Osipova Lilia , Osipov Eduard
Published: August 2020

Various methods are used to clean industrial ventilation emissions: mechanical, electrical, absorption, thermal, catalytic. Absorption methods are economically justified when the concentration of impurities in the gas stream is more than 1 %, which are present in the vent emissions of technological industries. The main element of the absorption cleaning systems is the absorber, the design and technological parameters of which determine the entire layout of the gas cleaning system. For the proper selection and calculation of the absorption treatment scheme, it is necessary to know the production technology, equipment, where emissions are generated in excess of the norms of maximum permissible concentration, as well as the properties of process flows. Using the universal modeling program ChemCad allows reducing the time for calculating the thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of flows, increase their accuracy and eliminate errors when choosing treatment equipment at industrial enterprises. The results of the study were proposed when designing a scheme for the absorption cleaning of ventilation emissions in the production technology of paint and varnish products or the technology of production of drywall.
Numerical simulation of a z-shaped ventilation elbow and reduction of its resistance
Authors: Ziganshin Arslan , Solodova Eugenia , Logachev Konstantin
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the flow in a Z-shaped elbow. Dependencies are found for the local drag coefficient of such a unit, the coupling effect coefficient, the lengths of the influence zones and the outlines of the vortex zones on the distance between the individual components in this unit. The dependence for the LDC, as well as the coupling effect coefficient, agrees quite well with the known experimental data, which indicates the validity of the numerical model. Using the found outlines of the vortex zones, numerical models of energy-efficient profiled Z-shaped elbows were developed and investigated. Graphical dependence of the LDC of such a duct unit on the distance between the single elbows is developed. The resulting dependence shows a decrease in resistance by 70 % compared with the standard design. For a whole ventilation system, it will lead to energy savings spent on the drive of the fans, and therefore to reduce operating costs. Using of a large number of such energy-efficient duct elements will allow replacing the fan with a less powerful one, which will lead to reduction in capital costs for construction.
Numerical and experimental study of the device for the control of the ventilating airflow
Authors: Safiullin Fanis , Broyda Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Ventilation systems often operate under changing conditions, which leads to a deviation of the actual air flow from the calculated one. When the gravitational pressure increases, they remove more air than the calculated amount, which leads to increased heat expenditure on heating the air, which compensates for exhaust during the cold period of the year. To maintain a constant calculated flow rate and reduce heat losses during the cold season, especially for natural exhaust systems, it is rational to use direct-acting ventilation air flow regulators.

The aerodynamic characteristics of such a device for regulating the flow of ventilation air are obtained numerically and experimentally: the coefficient of local resistance ζ and the parameter k, which characterizes the aerodynamic force acting on the movable element of the regulator.

The accuracy of experimental study is proved. Comparison of the results of numerical and experimental research showed their good correspondence, which confirms the suitability of the data obtained for the design and calculation of air flow regulators of the considered type.
Chromium-containing wastewater treatment by means of using galvanocoagulators
Authors: Busarev Andrey , Abitov Runar , Selyugin Aleksandr
Published: August 2020

In this study, a galvanocoagulator was used for the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater. Its principle of operation is based on the use of processes for reducing Cr(VI) ions to the Cr(III) state using a galvanic pair “copper-iron” without applying an external electric field. In this case, the reduction of hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent occurs due to the oxidation of iron ions, which, when dissolved, pass into the solution. To speed up the process of iron dissolution, compressed air is supplied to the galvanocoagulator. The conversion of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) into insoluble compounds is performed by adding alkali solutions. The resulting suspension is removed from the water by settling and filtering methods. As a result of research, the possibility of effective treatment of chromium-containing wastewater using the method of galvanocoagulation was established; the technological parameters of the galvanocoagulator were determined. The hydraulic size of the suspension formed after processing of chromium-containing effluents in a galvanocoagulator is determined, which allows designing treatment facilities for the removal of heavy metal hydroxides by settling.
Oil-containing wastewater treatment by means of using coarse-grained coalescing filtering materials
Authors: Urmitova Naziya , Abitov Runar , Nizamova Aida
Published: August 2020

A large amount of oil-containing wastewater is generated in the oil industry. Before injection into the layer, oil and mechanical impurities must be removed from the oil-containing wastewater to the specified limits for injection into the oil formation. During the purification of oil-containing waste water, the method of settling on structures of various designs is widely used. To intensify the sedimentation processes of oil-containing wastewater, pre-treatment methods are used before sedimentation in treatment plants. One of the most effective is the process of coalescence on structures with the use of granular coalescing nozzles. Granulated coalescing materials based on polymer materials and expanded clay have been developed to intensify the process of oil-containing wastewater purification. Based on the experiments, it was found that the best materials for coalescence purposes are coarse-grained coalescing hydrophobic loads for wastewater filtration at high speeds, which operate in self-regeneration mode. This increases the depth of oil-containing wastewater purification and reduces the duration of the settling process by two or more times.
Domestic wastewater treatment facilities of small towns
Authors: Kedrova Tatyana , Khisameeva Liliya , Abitov Runar
Published: August 2020

The urgency of biogenic elements removal is caused by ever-increasing degree of eutrophication of surface water, which increases the mass of phytoplankton, water turbidity, oxygen concentration in the upper water layers and reduces in thickness. To remove biogenic elements from wastewater, a method based on the use of bioreagents – chemical compounds of trace elements based on biologically active copolymers – is successfully implemented.

This article presents the results of a survey of existing facilities of a biological wastewater treatment plant in a small locality. The survey revealed low efficiency of processes at the stage of biological purification, primarily with regard to the speed of biochemical processes, namely, the time-limited ability of dephosphotation, and as a result, a small withdrawal of total phosphorus at the stage of biological purification directly by active sludge microorganisms. In order to intensify the work of biological wastewater treatment facilities, an experiment was conducted on the use of bioreactor in real operation at these treatment facilities.
Impact of soil moisture on heat losses of pipelines of district heat supply networks at underground channel-free gasket
Authors: Akhmerova Guzel , Zalyalova Alina , Mukhametshina Raliya
Published: August 2020

The issues of influence of soil moisture, heat insulation type and heat carrier temperature on heat losses of district heat supply networks pipelines are considered. Calculations were carried out to change the efficiency of insulation of polyurethane foam and polymineral foam for four different modes of operation of district heat supply networks pipelines with gradual moistening of soil from 0 to 48% with channel-free lying; insulation is not wetted. The reasons and consequences of different temperature levels in district heating networks in Russia and Western Europe are considered. The calculated distribution temperatures in the central heating system pipeline were 75.85/49.85°C. The results show that the thermal losses of the pre-insulated pipelines increase many times depending on the soil moistening. In addition, calculations showed that in absolutely dry soil heat loss of pipelines of heat networks laid channel-free for all considered modes is less than calculated. But absolutely dry soil is a condition characteristic of deserts rather than the Middle Volga region.
Temporary gas pipeline sealing during fire works
Authors: Galimzyanova Rezeda , Ayupov Damir , Galimzyanov Marat , Hakimullin Yuri
Published: August 2020

The analysis of scientific literature, technical solutions and inventions in the field of polymer composite materials for temporary gas pipeline compaction is carried out. It was revealed that for sealing the pipeline, polymer compositions based on rigid polyurethane foams, or compositions that swell in the cavity of the gas pipeline with the formation of a gel-like plug, can be used. A mandatory requirement is the ability to remove the sealing plug from the insulated cavity of the gas pipeline after the completion of repair work.

The analysis also showed that there are few studies in the field of creating polymer composite materials for temporary sealing of gas pipelines. The development of compositions that meet all the requirements is of practical interest for the gas industry.
On professional and pedagogical competence development of technical university teaching staff
Authors: Safin Rais , Korchagin Evgeny , Vildanov Ilfak , Abitov Runar
Published: August 2020

The fundamental task of engineering education lies in interdisciplinary integration of content and teaching methods through the development of multimedia and virtual technologies. This leads to new demands on the professional knowledge, abilities, skills, and qualities of a teaching staff member. The main objective is to test the effectiveness of methods of formation and development of professional and pedagogical competence. The main results of the research allow identifying methods of development of professional and pedagogical competence (collaborative, personalized; training, consultations) and evaluation criteria, characterizing a public recognition of the scientific and educational activity of teachers. These methods allow developing a program for the training of faculty members, including participation in the scientific and teaching activity, organization of personal exhibitions, the development of individual projects to optimize higher education. The criteria identified allow to include characteristics of actual and potential activities of a teacher.
BIM-technologies and digital modeling in educational architectural design
Authors: Mikhailov Sergey , Mikhailova Aleksandrina , Nadyrshine Neil , Nadyrshine Lilia
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the results of the implementation of numerical methods of architectural form finding in educational design in the second year of study developed at the design department of KSUAE as part of the undergraduate course. The original method of form finding is a combination of tabular methods for setting the geometric parameters of architectural forms in Revit Architecture and visual programming tools such Grasshopper and Dynamo. This experiment in the field of “design of the architectural environment” (DAS) with extensive use of BIM-technologies and digital modeling in the educational process, has been conducted for more than 3 years and gives positive results, the main of which is the intensification of the educational process and the variability of complex geometric shapes based on the use of advanced numerical methods. According to this approach, the entire course consists of 4 stages, which students consistently perform during the second year of study, work on one architectural topic, which covers four coursework projects: “Composite design of an architectural form” (structural “skeleton”), “Design of an architectural facade” (“architectural skin”), “Design of the internal space “(interior), “Design of the external space” (exterior). They represent four parts of one general topic, each of which should demonstrate the influence of different subsystems of the structure on the overall volumetric and planning solution. In the process of work at each stage (course project), there is a constant resolution of the contradictions that arise during the design process between the various subsystems by regenerating the general architectural model as part of the Revit Architecture parametric modeling program, which plays an important role in the formation of students’ professional skills.
Images of associative psychology as a generator of architectural education ideas
Authors: Marina Smolova , Daria Smolova
Published: August 2020

Over the millennia, the human mind underwent numerous alterations, each time accumulating more and more information in itself. In human consciousness, associations are one of the key elements in the development of abstract intelligence and thinking. The process of memorization involves the creation of associations that can be found in any process of human activity, especially in architecture, art and design. Associations assist in rational evaluation of architecture and design as a source of new ideas and images. They become a fabric of innovative methods in discovering human-nature connectiveness, which is being expressed on our urban environment, communities and people. The significance of associations in architectural education derives from students’ participation in the formation of urban fabric and thus it is central to analyze associative mechanisms and typologies to evaluate trends and prosperity of cities. The paper will include stages of associative thinking, types and their reflection on students’ works.
The problem of personality developing technologies in the training of future specialists of the architectural and construction sphere
Authors: Yarullina Laila , Shigapova Daniya , Abdrahmanova Liliya , Suchkova Tatyana , Barieva Aelina , Nikonova Elina
Published: August 2020

The article raises the problem of personality developing technologies in the training of future specialists in the fieldt of architecture and construction, reveals the essence of the development of the student’s professional and personal potential in the process of studying at a university. The implementation of this complex pedagogical problem is possible in the process of applying innovative educational technologies based on internally motivated activities. The basic methodological approaches in the paradigm of personality-oriented professional education are revealed. As the authors note, in relation to the personality-oriented paradigm of professional education, the following approaches are considered personal, individual, cultural, axiological, activity-based, competence-based and contextual. The article analyzes the educational systems used today, identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The features of the teacher’s activities when using personality-developing technologies in the process of professional training of future architectural and construction specialists are determined. Also, the conditions for providing personal-centered learning in vocational education are defined in the article.
Master’s theses in architecture conducted at KSUAE: experience and prospects
Authors: Aidarova Galina , Krasnobaev Ivan , Al-Nabulsi Yanis
Published: August 2020

Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (KSUAE)-one of leading institutions in Russia – prepares masters in architecture since 2014. Pedagogical reflection on experience of 12 professors and associate professors in supervision of master’s theses based on PhD approach, bachelor’s design-studio and participation in international competitions matched with the analysis of resulting student publications undertaken in this article allowed to illustrate and discuss by the example of KSUAE further paths of Russian architectural master’s study in general.
The impact of the implementation of an innovative project on the effects arising in the internal and external environment
Authors: Zaynullina Dilyara
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects arising in the internal and external environment of an innovative project, which is supposed to help make a decision regarding the implementation of the project. For that we have selected about 200 innovative projects of various types of economic activity, such as: services, manufacturing and mining sectors. All projects are implemented in the Republic of Tatarstan. For each of the projects we considered the following types of effects: economic and social for the external environment and technological and environmental for the internal environment. To identify the interconnection between internal and external effects from innovative projects, we used the method of correlation and regression analysis. Implemented innovative projects in the service sector, leading to significant internal technological effect, have a significant impact on the external economic effect and do not affect the external social effect. Manufacturing projects are characterized by a significant impact of internal technological effect on external economic and social effects, while the internal ecological effect has the greatest impact on both external effects. Innovative projects in the mining industry are characterized by a significant impact of internal ecological and technological effects on external economic and social effects.
Rationalization of water supply management in industry within the framework of the concept of sustainable development
Authors: Galimulina Farida , Zaraychenko Irina , Farrakhova Angelika , Misbakhova Chulpan
Published: August 2020

Rational water use is enshrined by the UN for sustainable development. The lack of specification of methods for evaluating water supply in different sectors of industry determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop the water supply management system in industry within the framework of sustainable development. There are the following tasks: to systematize the directions of rationalization of water use in Russia; to identify regional specifics of water resources use in Russia. The object of research is water resources used in Russian industry. The subject of the study is the relations arising in the process of water use. Research methods: comparison, correlation, regression, cluster analysis. The rationalization of water use is highlighted: ICT development, ecologization of production, raising incomes, reducing unemployment; innovation and reviewing the quality of the patents. With regard to water use in the regions, it is necessary to tighten monitoring of polluting emissions into the atmosphere and increase the level of recycled water use. The results of the study are recommended for implementation in Russian industrial enterprises.
Formation of sustainable development of bicycle and pedestrian zones in a modern city
Authors: Manakina Alyona , Nikolaeva Veronica
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the current theme of bicycle and pedestrian space development in the developing city, as well as to attracting residents to the landscaped parts of the city for active recreation. The authors consider various types of activity, the implementation of which requires landscaped and safe areas, as well as enumerate the positive aspects associated with the introduction of active recreation in the daily life of residents, therefore, improve the quality of life and increase investment attractiveness of the region. The aim of the study is to substantiate the significance for the city of Tyumen of the creation and combination of the cycling and pedestrian zones, which shall contribute to the welfare in the sphere of the active recreation of citizens. The methods of the study are the following: analysis of the population dynamics in the city of Tyumen, which affects the socio-economic development of the region; analysis of the structure of the central part of the city of Tyumen, indicating the lack of greenery; consideration of the option of bicycle lane placement near the street Dzerzhinsky city of Tyumen.
Operational services management in the context of sustainable development of intelligent technologies
Authors: Romanova Anna , Evgeniya Ilina
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the conditions for the functioning of a sustainable economy. The operation of an apartment building is considered for this stage of economic development not as an object of luxury, but as a basic need to live comfortably. The object of the study is the level of depreciation and technical “under-equipping” of apartment buildings. In the conditions of sustainable development of intelligent technologies, theoretical understanding of economic efficiency from the introduction of innovative technologies in the field of housing and communal services, as well as improving indicators affecting the quality of services provided by industry enterprises, which is directly related to the livelihoods of the population, is no less relevant. The article discusses the experience of practical application of innovative solutions in the field of operational services of an apartment building. The purpose of the study is to analyze innovative technologies in the field of housing and communal services and an objective review of specific examples of the introduction of innovations in the industry.
The city competitiveness taking into account the assessment of the comfort of population living
Authors: Maksimchukand Olga , Pershina Tatyana
Published: August 2020

The concept of sustainable city development based on a balance of environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors in modern conditions is often replaced by the concept of city competitiveness as autonomous socio-economic systems. The imbalances in the city development and their inequality in terms of the comfort of population living are becoming ever more acute at the junction of the contradictions of these concepts. Comfortability of living in the city is the main competitive advantage of every city, thanks to which it has all the conditions for high-quality reproduction of the most important wealth-human resources, attraction and effective involvement of labor resources in the economic life of the city. It explains the relevance of the study, which proposed a theoretical and methodological justification of the city competitiveness in terms of assessment the comfort of living in it. This approach is original, has a high degree of reliability, the ability to verify the forecast of the competitiveness of a modern city. The results of testing prove the feasibility of its use in the development and scientific justification of strategies for sustainable development of the cities.
Safety management of the electric power supply process of the construction site, taking into account the qualification of the manager
Authors: Burlov Vyacheslav , Mankov Victor , Polyukhovich Maxim
Published: August 2020

Sustainable development in the construction industry is hard to imagine without proper electric power supply. The fulfillment of the target by the control object (electric power networks, sources of electricity) can be achieved only if it’s safe. Safety management system should be developed based on synthesis. Only such an approach guarantees the achievement of the goal of activity (timely and high-quality electric power supply of the construction site). The basis of human activity is the decision of the person (decision maker). There is a need to take into account the qualifications of the manager. Human makes a decision based on a model. Therefore, it is advisable to introduce a manager’s qualification indicator into the mathematical model of managerial decision. The manager’s presence of knowledge and skills appropriate to the current situation allows timely response to emerging threats during the operation of the control object. The methodological foundations of creating a model of the managerial decision in managing the safety of the electric power supply process guarantee sustainable development in the field of construction of residential and industrial facilities.
Optimization of taxation for business entities under the conditions of regional sustainable development
Authors: Bryantseva Larisa , Shishkina Natalia , Tolstykh Aleksandr , Ukhina Olga
Published: August 2020

One of the current problems of the Russian tax system is optimization of the level of tax burden on agricultural producers. Differentiated business conditions in agricultural production necessitate a review of the definition of the tax base and tax rates of the unified agricultural tax (UAT). The authors propose to calculate the average rate of UAT in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation (regions) by the country’s average level of climatic conditions, and the natural and climatic potential of the zone should be determined based on the soil fertility index taking into account soil bonitet values and bioclimatic potential. Thus, the results of calculations by regions of the Russian Federation illustrate the following. Regions with the least favorable climatic potential are located within the North-West Federal District-the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk Region, the Vologda Region, respectively, and tax rates there should be minimal.
The labour market in the digital economy and features of its modernization in Russia and Abkhazia
Authors: Davydova Tatiana , Avdeeva Elena , Amichba Liana , Zhutaeva Evgenia , Vorotyntseva Anna
Published: August 2020

In this article, the labour market is considered from the perspective of its development goals in the digital economy. The analysis of scientific literature is carried out taking into account the main directions of labour market research, their classification is proposed. Among the areas of research, the formation of a joint economy, the creation of digital platforms and a transparent information environment, labour market mobility, advanced training and retraining of workers, the development of the educational system, and the importance of human potential are highlighted. A concept has been developed to study the characteristics of the labour market development in the digital economy, which is based on aspects of the development and realization of human potential. The experience of foreign countries was studied, the state of the Russian and Abkhaz labour markets was investigated. The results of a study of the prospects for the educational system development in the context of the digitalization of the labour market are presented, the directions of education modernization and advanced training of workers are established. The features are identified and the risks of the labour market development of Russia and Abkhazia are specified.
Sustainable development of the field of information technologies through management of integrated systems
Authors: Stolin Artem , Shulgin Alexey , Tyurin Vadim , Nasriddinov Salimdzhon
Published: August 2020

Sustainable development is applicable in various sectors of the economy, including the sphere of IT-technologies and telecommunications.

The features of this sphere are the territorial organization of the information space, landscape configurations, and service tools.

The innovative environment at the enterprises of IT-technologies and telecommunications allows solving customer problems by transforming methods and technologies in difficult cases.

Currently, the problem of telecommunication coverage of remote and inaccessible areas is being addressed through integrated management systems both in Russia and abroad.

The authors offer a number of recommendations to solve the problems of obtaining telecommunication services in difficult conditions. The latest technologies in the field of communications are considered, the principles of managing enterprises in the telecommunications sector are derived. It is concluded that in the Russian regions and the mountainous terrain of Tajikistan, the system integration of innovative solutions in the field of security and IT technologies creates the possibility of creating “the Internet where it does not exist”.

It is concluded that it is necessary to create an integrated telecommunications management system in combination with the flexibility of applying technologies for effective management and increasing competitiveness, as well as for maintaining the sustainable development of enterprises in the field of IT technologies and telecommunications.
The effectiveness of the use of information technologies in the manufacture of parts by molding methods
Authors: Popova Olga , Pechenkina Larisa , Pecheiikin Arseniy , Popova Margarita , Petrenko Vladimir , Demidov Aleksey
Published: August 2020

The choice of the gating feeding system of castings is made by trial and inevitable errors, which are the less, the more experience of the casting engineer who develops the type of system for different types of casting. The design of the gating system and the modeling of the casting process, the formation of casting, and the analysis of emerging defects can be made more efficiently due to the great possibilities of the computer simulation program “Polygon”. Considering the investment casting, the automated design program greatly simplifies the process of finding the best solution, as the investment casting is a complicated and a multiphase process, which requires taking many steps such as designing a press mold, building a cluster, et cetera. The factory design of the casting model is a stock of unified exemplary segments, which are interconnected and characterized by an unproductive usage of a top part. It is proposed to improve the model casting unit “Flange” of the current production, without changing the design of the model units, and increasing the number of models of the casting from one to four, which can lead to an increase in the yield of fit. In preparation for the calculation, the three-dimensional model was divided into a finite element mesh. The computer program calculates the process of solidification and formation of shrinkage defects for metal. The conducted computer experiment showed that this technology of casting arrangement, developed with the aid of the automated design program, can be used in production, which will significantly accelerate the implementation of the annual program, ensuring the production of high-quality castings, which is confirmed by the experimental fills. Programming processing in SprutCAM allowed to reduce processing time by minimizing idling and to obtain a trouble-free control program for the CNC machine.
Studying the flax fibers grinding modes
Authors: Sakhapov Rustem , Kadyrov Adil , Gatiyatullin Mukhammat , Zemdikhanov Minsur
Published: August 2020

Successful development of road-construction machinery requires continuous improvement of existing and the introduction of new materials in the production of machine parts. The production of machine parts from polymer composite materials based on various types of binders containing dispersed and fibrous fillers is of a great interest to researchers. Polymeric composite materials consist of two or more components that differ in chemical composition, physical and mechanical characteristics. The main purpose of the filler is reinforcement, i.e. hardening of the material and imparting the required special properties, for example containing fibrous fillers. We took natural flax as fibrous filler in experimental studies. The paper attempts to study the intensity and quality of the grinding technological process depending on the time and frequency of rotation of the mechanism, the factors that influence it, the relationships and the laws of the technological grinding process in drum-type mixers, and increasing the efficiency of grinding material, reducing dynamic stresses.
Pedagogical aspect of development of professionally significant language skills of engineering students
Authors: Akhmetgareyeva Rozaliya , Gainanova Diliara
Published: August 2020

The study investigates the pedagogical aspect of forming the professionally significant language skills of future engineers. The results emphasize the determining role of employees who are called “linear personnel”. It stands out that one of the factors ensuring the successfulness and effectiveness of the professional activities of a linear engineer is his ability to act confidently in the foreign environments, receive, process and transmit professionally significant information in a foreign language. In justice to previous research in this direction, we note that they practically do not reflect the problems of developing professionally significant language skills in a technical university that are directly related to the types and functions of an engineer’s professional activity. The results obtained during the experiment showed that situational language teaching characterized by the verbal and cogitative task, problems is an effective means of forming the professionally significant language skills of future engineers. Situations developed and tested by the authors in the training courses build up the language interaction close to as real as in various professional situations.
Scientific communication and translation problems with synonyms, antonyms, homonyms in construction sphere
Authors: Sigacheva Natalya , Baranova Alfiya , Vakhitova Diliara , Gulkanyan Meri , Gainanova Diliara
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the studied problem is due to the activation of the processes of integration and globalization of business, scientific and educational relations, as well as the expansion of international cooperation, accompanied by an increase in the volume of communications in various professional fields. Scientific communication, both oral and written, has become an integral part of higher education and scientific activity. Analyzing and processing up-to-date international educational and scientific information to build new scientific ideas using the skills and abilities of correct translation has actualized the need for research. The study discusses the problems of translating construction terminology from English into Russian. The goal of the article is to analyze various ways of translating synonyms, antonyms, homonyms in construction. We used methods of analysis, processing, generalization and systematization of scientific works to get a broader view of the problem and consider it from different angles. Ways to overcome the problems discussed were proposed. The article may be of interest to teachers of English and students of non-linguistic universities.
Improving transport infrastructure in the context of the transition to the smart city concept in small towns
Authors: Nikolaeva Regina , Sakhapov Rustem
Published: August 2020

Cities are faced with such tasks as providing residents with a quality infrastructure for life support, public transport, and social infrastructure. In order to solve the problems, cities increasingly turn to digital technologies. It has led to the formation of a full-fledged and well-established name for this area of activity-“Smart City”. Using the example of the small town of Zelenodolsk in the Republic of Tatarstan, we carried out the studies to improve transport infrastructure in the context of the transition to the Smart City concept in small towns. To increase the stability of the transport infrastructure, it is necessary to introduce intelligent transport systems. The influence of intelligent transport systems on the transport process in Zelenodolsk was evaluated using the AIMSUN simulation package, which allows simulating traffic. Studies have shown that all indicators characterizing traffic flow have changed for the better. Consequently, the transition to the concept of “Smart City” is applicable not only for large, but also for small cities.
Completeness of ceramic bricks’ quality control
Authors: Loganina V , Fediuk R , Vatin N
Published: August 2020

The method of quality control of building materials is proposed taking into account the indicator of completeness of control. The completeness of the control calculated as the percentage of checked failures. By the example of quality control of ceramic bricks of brand 100, it is shown that the completeness of control of ceramic bricks of grade 100 is from 46.7 to 48.3%. This confirms the requirements of normative document on conducting performance checks (appearance, dimensions, deviations from nominal sizes and shapes, tensile strength in compression and bending, average density) during acceptance tests. Proposed to exclude verification of the width of the brick, which will reduce the complexity of the control.
Sound insulation properties of sandwich panels
Authors: Erofeev V I , Monich D V
Published: August 2020

The sound transmission via building enclosures of finite dimensions has a resonant and inertial components. The resonant transmission of sound takes place in the mode of self-induced vibrations depending on the degree of self-coordination of its own wave field with sound fields present in the air on both sides of the enclosure. The most effective method of sound insulation enhancement of sandwich panels is to reduce the resonant transmission of sound by acoustic separation of the layers. This design solution provides the greatest reduction of the resonance frequency “mass – spring – mass”. Experimental studies for determining the intrinsic sound insulation of sample sandwich panels have been conducted in reverberation chambers in a diffuse sound field. The acoustic separation of sandwich panel layers allowed for the increase of the airborne noise insulation index up to 4 dB: from Rw
= 38 dB to Rw
= 42 dB (for samples with polystyrene foam cores). For the sample with mineral wool core, the increase of the airborne noise insulation index was 8 dB: from Rw
= 39 dB to Rw
= 47 dB. The results obtained allow us to develop rational constructive solutions for enclosures of civil and industrial buildings of sandwich panels, taking into account the spectrum of insulated noise. Improving the sound insulation of sandwich panels is provided without a significant increase of their mass and thickness.
Bended reinforced concrete beams deformability under long-term and environmental influences
Authors: Frolov N V , Smolyago G A
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problem of determining the bended reinforced concrete beams deformability indices, which are subjected to a combined long-term load and aggressive environment influence during operation. It is noted that due to the concrete creep, the corrosion damages accumulation and cracks formation, the reinforced concrete structures deformability increases in time. In current methods of beams deflections calculating, a stepwise description of stiffness along the span is implemented, which in some cases can lead to significant errors and, as a consequence, to the limiting state. Therefore, during calculations, it is important to take into account the proper stiffness parameters. In this regard, on the basis of predetermined deformations method, a new methodology deformability indices calculation has been developed, in which the hardness in the span is distributed along the parabola. For its validation, special experimental studies of samples of reinforced concrete beams that were under a static load in sulfate and chloride-containing aggressive environments for a long time were carried out. After comparing the corresponding experimental and calculated samples deflections values, it was concluded that the developed method has sufficient accuracy and, thus, can be used for practical calculations of bended concrete elements deformability under long-term and environmental influences.
Reduction of temperature influence in temperature-controlled rooms in the engineering industries
Authors: Ugorova S , Veselov O
Published: August 2020

Typical air conditioning and ventilation systems are used to create and maintain microclimate parameters. Analytical studies have shown that the existing ventilation systems do not provide proper maintenance of the required parameters of the environment, since the influence of the temperature of the enclosing structures is not taken into account. Thus, the paper proposes the structure of the air conditioning System (ventilation), which provides a sufficiently high degree of air purity and excludes temperature increase on the enclosing structures of the thermoconstant room. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the air conditioning system additionally contains air distributors for supplying air that adheres to the enclosing structures along the perimeter of the clean zone, and devices for removing this air, connected to exhaust air ducts located along the perimeter of the zone at certain intervals. The application of numerical simulation of air parameters in a thermoconstant room was also analyzed using cleanroom software that allows evaluating the degree of temperature impact from enclosing structures.
Assessment of engineering equipment noise impact of agricultural enterprise on the adjacent residential building
Authors: Tikhomirov L A , Schurova N E , Tsukernikov I E , Nevenchannaya T O
Published: August 2020

A significant source of increased noise in cities is the engineering and technological equipment of enterprises located in immediate vicinity of standardized objects. The expected noise levels from technological and ventilation equipment of an agricultural enterprise located in the city are estimated. A computer model of the territory under consideration is built using the software package “ARM Acoustics”. As the initial data, the results of field measurements were used. The calculation of the expected noise levels near the facades of residential buildings showed the excess of regulatory levels. It is shown the necessity to install noise screens not only near equipment located on the ground, but also near equipment installed on the roof of the industrial building. The calculation was carried out taking into account the location of the U - shaped screens, which provided effective protection against noise. To illustrate the effect obtained, maps of the spatial distribution of noise are constructed.
Block-span method of roofing structures assembling
Authors: Kocherzhenko Vladimir , Suleymanova Lyudmila , Ryabchevskiy Igor
Published: August 2020

The currently used block-conveyor assembling method requires costs for creating an area for blocks conveyed assembly and applying special assembly-and-lifting equipment and tooling; the erection of reinforced-concrete structures by large-sized prefabricated blocks is not possible without a special cross frame and guide casing, imitating a truss structure. The purpose of the research is designing a block-span method of assembling reinforced-concrete roof structures for one-storey industrial buildings, which would allow increasing the labor productivity, ruling out the usage of cranes with increased lift capacity for lifting blocks, reducing the scope of work at heights and increasing the building safety. The developed block-span method of mounting reinforced-concrete roofing structures with secondary trusses implies the assembling of an enlarged roofing block at ground level in the span between previously erected columns, through the full length and width of the span. The block includes secondary trusses, trussed rafters and roof slabs. The block is assembled on the backing 0.5 m high and 0.4…0.5 m off the center line and the width axis of the building. A block is a geometrically stable structure; all joints are connected by welding embedded items. A block is lifted by simultaneous activating of electric hoists. The block is lifted higher than the columns, moved to permanent position and put on top of columns by means of electric hoists. So, the developed method of roofing assembling allows reducing labor intensity by 1.6 times and duration by 1.4 times.
Regulatory support for the use of composite rod reinforcement in concrete structures
Authors: Merkulov S , Rimshin V , Akimov E , Kurbatov V , Roschina S
Published: August 2020

Currently, regulatory documents for the design of reinforced concrete structures with composite rod reinforcement do not contain unambiguous provisions for the purpose of the design resistances of the reinforcement, there are no instructions for the design of structures to ensure fire resistance. The article presents an analysis of technical documentation and experimental studies to determine the mechanical characteristics of rod composite reinforcement. As a result of the research conducted by the authors, it was found that the tensile strength of rebar decreases in some cases by 35% when the diameter of rebar rods increases from 5 mm to 10 mm. When analyzing technical documentation and test results, the coupling of composite reinforcement rods with screw winding with concrete up to 14.0 MPa is provided. It is proposed to take a value of 50 °C below the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer as the maximum permissible temperature for heating rebar rods in a concrete structure. The directions of further improvement of the regulatory framework for the design of reinforced concrete structures with composite rod reinforcement are outlined.