bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Níveis séricos de vitamina D de crianças com ou sem fraturas isoladas da extremidade distal do rádio: Um estudo clínico prospectivo
Authors: Talmac Mehmet Ali , Gorgel Mehmer Akif , Varol Ali , Ak Semih , Kilinc Bekir Eray , Ozdemir Hacı Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Comparar os níveis séricos de vitamina D e minerais de crianças com ou sem fraturas isoladas da extremidade distal do rádio.

Métodos Este estudo clínico prospectivo incluiu 50 crianças (com idade entre 5 e 15 anos) com fratura isolada distal do rádio que deram entrada em nossa unidade de emergência entre fevereiro e maio de 2018 como grupo de estudo (grupo A), e 50 crianças saudáveis sem histórico de fratura como grupo controle (grupo B). Foram obtidas e analisadas amostras de sangue venoso periférico para medições de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25(OH)D), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Fósforo (P), fosfatase alcalina (FA) e hormônio da paratireoide (HPT) em ambos os grupos. As características dos pacientes e as amostras de sangue venoso periférico foram comparadas entre os grupos.

Resultados A média de idade, altura, peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e distribuição de gênero foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferenças estatísticas nas análises sanguíneas, incluindo Ca, Mg, P, FA e HPT. No entanto, os níveis séricos de 25(OH)D foram estatisticamente menores no grupo A do que no grupo B (p < 0,001), e o número de pacientes com insuficiência de 25(OH)D foi estatisticamente maior no grupo A do que no grupo B (p = 0,012).

Conclusão Crianças com fratura isolada distal do rádio devem ser informadas sobre deficiência de vitamina D, e, em crianças com baixos níveis de vitamina D, a suplementação pode ser considerada.
Necessidades não atendidas de cuidados cirúrgicos para crianças: Estudo de caso no Sistema Único de Saúde financiado pelo governo no Brasil
Authors: Bressan-Neto Mario , Filezio Marina Rosa , Ferri-de-Barros Fabio , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Medir e documentar o impacto clínico do tempo de espera para tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com deformidades na coluna vertebral em um centro quaternário no Brasil.

Métodos No total, 59 pacientes com deformidade espinhal à espera de cirurgia na lista do nosso hospital foram avaliados para observar o impacto dos tempos de espera na progressão da deformidade. A avaliação do paciente foi realizada utilizando o questionário SRS-22r para qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QLRS), e imagens radiográficas para avaliar a deformidade da coluna vertebral quando os pacientes foram incluídos na lista de espera e na consulta mais recente. Os parâmetros radiográficos selecionados para comparação foram: ângulo de Cobb de curvas primárias e secundárias, alinhamento coronal, translação de vértebra apical, obliquidade pélvica, eixo vertebral sagital, cifose (T5-T12), e lordose (L1-S1).

Resultados Baixos escores de QLRS segundo o questionário SRS-22r foram observados em pacientes que aguardavam cirurgia. Os parâmetros radiográficos mostraram progressão da deformidade na avaliação inicial em comparação com a avaliação de seguimento mais recente.

Conclusão Os pacientes que aguardavam tratamento cirúrgico de deformidade espinhal em nosso centro apresentaram os escores de QLRS relativamente baixos e progressão radiográfica da deformidade.
Infecção por Candida parapsilosis em pós-operatório de artrodese lombossacra com dispositivo de fusão intersomático TLIF em PEEK: Relato de caso
Authors: Wajchenberg Marcelo , Astur Nelson , Kanas Michel , Camargo Thiago Zinsly Sampaio , Wey Sérgio Barsanti , Martins Délio Eulalio
Published: April 2021

As espondilodiscites são complicações infrequentes, porém graves em pós-operatórios de cirurgias da coluna vertebral, tendo como principal agente etiológico o Staphylococcus aureus. As infecções fúngicas são raras, sendo a Candida albicans a principal representante desse grupo. Relatamos o caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino, 69 anos, operado com artrodese de L2 a S1 para correção de escoliose degenerativa. O paciente apresentou quadro clínico infeccioso 2 meses e meio após o procedimento, relacionado à espondilodiscite L5-S1, causada por Candida parapsilosis. O tratamento consistiu na remoção do material cirúrgico, colocação de enxerto tricortical de ilíaco pela via anterior (L5-S1) e fixação lombopélvica (de T10 à pelve) pela via posterior, além de iniciar o tratamento medicamentoso com anidulafungina e fluconazol, mantendo essa última medicação por 12 meses, com boa evolução clínica.
Transferência nervosa da raiz de C4 para C5 em lesões do plexo braquial. Estudo anatômico e descrição de técnica cirúrgica
Authors: Vique Valeriano Gabriel , Abdouni Yussef Ali , Da Costa Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Estudo anatômico das raízes usadas na transferência nervosa de C4 para C5 nas lesões altas do plexo braquial, com demonstração da técnica cirúrgica.

Métodos Dissecção de 15 plexos braquiais de cadáveres de ambos os sexos, registro e análise das características morfológicas das raízes de C4 e C5 e simulação de neurotização.

Resultados As características morfológicas encontradas nas raízes de C4 e C5 em todas as dissecções permitiram a mobilização das mesmas e a realização de uma neurotização sem a necessidade de usar enxerto nervoso. A técnica cirúrgica permitiu preservar ramos nervosos importantes na região abordada.

Conclusão Com base nos dados encontrados no presente estudo, podemos concluir que é possível realizar a transferência entre C4 e C5 sem provocar déficit neurológico adicional nas lesões altas de plexo braquial.
Protocolo de solicitação de ressonância magnética do joelho em pacientes idosos com suspeita de osteoartrose: Redução da solicitação de exames e o impacto na conduta e no diagnóstico
Authors: Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Vergara Juliana Munhoz , Mesquita Júnior Isaias Duarte , Oliveira Victor Otávio , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Desenvolver um protocolo, baseado em evidências, para guiar a solicitação de exames de ressonância magnética (RM) em pacientes idosos com suspeita de osteoartrose do joelho e avaliar a sua eficácia após implementação.

Métodos O protocolo institucional foi desenvolvido após revisão da literatura durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2018. Definiu-se como grupo de controle os pacientes do primeiro semestre de 2018, antes da aplicação/divulgação do protocolo institucional, e o grupo de estudo foi composto por pacientes atendidos no segundo semestre do mesmo ano após a padronização dos pedidos de RM para a suspeita de osteoartrose do joelho.

Resultados Nossa amostra contou com 826 pacientes submetidos a RM do joelho, com média de idade de 69,3 anos. Após a implementação do protocolo, houve um decréscimo das solicitações de RM e um aumento no número de solicitações de radiografias (p < 0,001). Após a implementação do protocolo, a RM alterou o diagnóstico ou a conduta do médico em apenas 11,2% dos casos.

Conclusão Após a introdução do protocolo, encontrou-se uma redução de 47,5% no número de pedidos de RM do joelho, sendo que a maioria (89%) dos pacientes não tiveram suas condutas ou diagnóstico alterados. Nível de evidência: estudo caso-controle (IIIB).
Sensibilidade das manobras de Laségue e de slump nos diagnósticos de hérnia e abaulamento discal em comparação com ressonância magnética
Authors: Miranda Isabel Hahn , Raymundo José Luiz Pozo , Klein Kevin Maahs
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Mostrar a acurácia das manobras mais usadas no diagnóstico clínico da lombociatalgia, a manobra de slump e a de Laségue.

Métodos Para a realização do presente estudo, foram selecionados 101 pacientes com discopatia na ressonância magnética (RM) (padrão ouro), sendo posteriormente realizada a revisão dos prontuários para identificar quais tiveram as manobras positivas no exame físico inicial.

Resultados A sensibilidade encontrada para as manobras de slump e Laségue no diagnóstico de hérnia discal foi respectivamente 55,3% e 18,1%. Já quando comparamos as manobras para o diagnóstico de abaulamento discal, a sensibilidade obtida foi de 85,7% para a manobra de slump e de 28,6% para a manobra de Laségue.

Conclusão Foi constatado que a manobra de slump apresenta sensibilidade superior à da manobra de Laségue tanto para o diagnóstico de hérnia quanto para o de abaulamento discal quando comparadas a RM, e deveria estar mais presente na prática clínica.
MRI Spectrum of Japanese Encephalitis in Northeast India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Phukan Pranjal , Sarma Kalyan , Sharma Barun Kumar , Boruah Deb K. , Gogoi Bidyut Bikash , Chuunthang Daniala
Published: April 2021

Objective Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus infection having high mortality and morbidity. This study was performed to evaluate the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in JE and to find out any difference between pediatric and adult JE.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on serologically positive 54 JE patients presented to a tertiary care hospital with acute encephalitic symptoms between April 2016 and October 2019. Relevant neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MRI scan of the brain were performed.

Results Fifty-four JE patients (n= 31 males andn= 23 females) having 32 pediatric and 22 adult JE were included in the study sample. Group 1 JE (n= 16) patients had encephalitic symptoms with duration less than 15 days up to the day of MRI scan and group 2 JE (n= 38) had symptoms more than 15 days. Group 1 JE had mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of 0.563 ± 0.109 (standard deviation [SD]) × 10–3mm2/sec and group 2 JE had 1.095 ± 0.206 (SD) × 10–3mm2/sec. The mean ADC value of pediatric JE was 0.907 ± 0.336 (SD) × 10–3mm2/sec and adult JE was 0.982 ± 0.253 (SD) × 10–3mm2/sec.

Conclusion The majority of the JE patient shows abnormal signal alterations in bilateral thalami and substantia nigra. Diffusion-weighted imaging with ADC mapping helps in evaluating the stage of the JE. No statistical significance of the various conventional MRI findings was found between the pediatric JE and adult JE.
Fratura segmentar da clavícula em paciente politraumatizado: Relato de caso
Authors: Sánchez Carlos A. , Coronel Pablo J. , García Luisa F. , Afanador Juan S. , Gonzalez Raúl
Published: April 2021

A fratura de clavícula representa 5% das fraturas em adultos. No entanto, as fraturas segmentares da clavícula são infrequentes e pouco estudadas na literatura atual. Há relatos de casos com bons resultados após o tratamento cirúrgico ou conservador, mas não existe consenso quanto ao diagnóstico ou manejo dessas lesões.

Relata-se um paciente com fratura segmentar média e lateral da clavícula após politraumatismo em acidente de trânsito. O paciente também apresentava traumatismo em hemicorpo direito, múltiplas fraturas segmentares da costela e do hemotórax. Após estabilização, ele foi encaminhado à cirurgia para redução aberta e fixação interna da clavícula pela técnica de placa dupla, raramente descrita na literatura. O resultado funcional foi considerado satisfatório e adequado no acompanhamento pós-operatório.

Apesar das poucas evidências sobre o manejo desse tipo de patologia, o tratamento cirúrgico é uma opção válida devido ao risco de não união, apesar da possível diminuição da funcionalidade do paciente.
Ex Vivo Biomechanical Assessment of a Novel Multi-Strand Repair of Canine Tendon Lacerations
Authors: Curcillo Chiara P. , Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi-Jen , Moore George E.
Published: April 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the number of suture strands traversing the transection site, level of suture purchase and depth of suture penetrance on the biomechanical properties of repaired gastrocnemius tendons.

Study Design Thirty-eight adult cadaveric gastrocnemius tendons were randomized, transected and repaired with either two-, four- or six-strand locking multi-level repair. Tensile loads required to create a 1 and 3 mm gap, yield, peak and failure loads and failure mode were analysed. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results Mean ± standard deviation yield, peak and failure force for six-strand repairs was 90.6 ± 22.1 N, 111.4 ± 15.2 N and 110.3 ± 15.1 N respectively. This was significantly greater compared with both four-strand (55.0 ± 8.9 N, 72.9 ± 7.8 N and 72.1 ± 8.2 N) and two-strand repairs (24.7 ± 8.3 N, 36.5 ± 6.0 N and 36.1 ± 6.3 N) respectively (p < 0.001). Occurrence of 3 mm gap formation was significantly less using six-strand repairs (p < 0.001). Mode of failure did not differ between groups with all repairs (36/36; 100%) failing by suture pull-through.

Conclusion Pattern modification by increasing the number of suture strands crossing the repair site, increasing points of suture purchase from the transection site and depth of suture penetrance is positively correlated with repair site strength while significantly reducing the occurrence of gap formation in a canine cadaveric model. Additional studies in vivo are recommended to evaluate their effect on tendinous healing, blood supply and glide resistance prior to clinical implementation.
Breast Reconstruction Completion in the Obese: Does Reconstruction Technique Make a Difference in Its Achievement?
Authors: Velazquez Christine , Siska Robert C. , Pestana Ivo A.
Published: April 2021

Background Breast mound and nipple creation are the goals of the reconstructive process. Unlike in normal body mass index (BMI) women, breast reconstruction in the obese is associated with increased risk of perioperative complications. Our aim was to determine if reconstruction technique and the incidence of perioperative complications affect the achievement of reconstruction completion in the obese female.

Methods Consecutive obese women (BMI ≥30) who underwent mastectomy and implant or autologous reconstruction were evaluated for the completion of breast reconstruction.

Results Two hundred twenty-five women with 352 reconstructions were included. Seventy-four women underwent 111 autologous reconstructions and 151 women underwent 241 implant-based reconstructions. Chemotherapy, radiation, and delayed reconstruction timing was more common in the autologous patients. Major perioperative complications (requiring hospital readmission or unplanned surgery) occurred more frequently in the implant group (p ≤ 0.0001). Breast mounds were completed in >98% of autologous cases compared with 76% of implant cases (p ≤ 0.001). Nipple areolar complex (NAC) creation was completed in 57% of autologous patients and 33% of implant patients (p = 0.0009). The rate of successfully completing the breast mound and the NAC was higher in the autologous patient group (Mound odds ratio or OR 3.32, 95% confidence interval or CI 1.36–5.28 and NAC OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.50–4.69).

Conclusion Occurrence of a major complication in the implant group decreased the rate of reconstruction completion. Obese women who undergo autologous breast reconstruction are more likely to achieve breast reconstruction completion when compared with obese women who undergo implant-based breast reconstruction.
Avaliação isocinética do ombro após procedimento cirúrgico de Bristow/Latarjet em atletas
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro Masini , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Ejnisman Benno
Published: April 2021

Objetivos Avaliar a força muscular dos rotadores medial (RM) e lateral (RL) do ombro após cirurgia de Bristow/Latarjet.

Métodos Estudo transversal com 18 pacientes (36 ombros). A avaliação isocinética foi realizada por meio do dinamômetro Biodex 3 System Pro (Biodex Medical System, Inc., Shirley, NY, EUA). A escala de avaliação dos resultados do ombro do esportista (EROE) e a escala visual analógica (EVA) da dor foram aplicadas.

Resultados Os valores do pico de torque e o trabalho máximo no modo concêntrico e excêntrico no ombro não-operado foram maiores que no lado operado, tanto para o RM e como para o RL (p < 0,01). O equilíbrio convencional e funcional entre o RL e o RM não apresentou diferenças entre o lado operado e o não operado. Na comparação entre pacientes com o tempo pós-operatório < 1 ano ou ≥ 1 ano, não se observou diferenças nos valores do pico de torque em 60°/s e 240°/s e do trabalho máximo em 60°/s e 240°/s do RM para o ombro operado. No entanto, os valores de do pico de torque em 60°/s e 240°/s e do trabalho máximo em 60°/s e 240°/s do RL foram superiores em indivíduos com tempo pós-cirúrgico ≥ 1 ano em todas as variáveis (p < 0,05).

Conclusões Houve diminuição da força do RM e do RL no ombro operado em relação ao ombro saudável; porém, o equilíbrio convencional e funcional foi mantido.
Mortalidade e incidência da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) em pacientes internados e operados por fratura de quadril durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 em um hospital de Londres
Authors: Shah Faisal Younis , Gill Jaskiran , Sheikh Hamza , Tross Samantha
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Estamos fazendo um estudo em pacientes internados com fraturas de quadril para determinar o impacto da COVID-19 no grupo de indivíduos vulneráveis do Reino Unido. O presente estudo nos ajudará a tomar decisões informadas sobre o reinício dos serviços cirúrgicos eletivos e a expansão dos serviços cirúrgicos em casos de traumatismos. Os objetivos do presente estudo são a determinação da incidência de COVID-19 em pacientes internados com fratura de quadril e 1) determinar a mortalidade em 30 dias em pacientes com fratura de quadril submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico; 2) determinar a mortalidade em 30 dias de pacientes com fratura de quadril e COVID-19; 3) comparar esses dados com a mortalidade associada a fraturas de quadril em anos anteriores.

Métodos Este é um estudo de coorte unicêntrico, observacional e retrospectivo com 65 pacientes com fraturas de quadril internados em nossa instituição. Além dos dados epidemiológicos, os prontuários dos pacientes foram acompanhados por 14 dias quanto a resultados positivos para COVID-19 à reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR, na sigla em inglês) em amostras de swab, e por 30 dias quanto à mortalidade.

Resultados Na nossa amostra, 64% dos pacientes não apresentavam comorbidade significativa. A incidência de infecções nosocomiais por COVID-19 foi de 9%. A mortalidade geral em 30 dias foi de 15%. A mortalidade foi muito maior em pacientes COVID-positivos (40%) e em pacientes com “risco muito alto” (63%) operados durante este período.

Conclusão A realização de cirurgias eletivas em pacientes com risco baixo, moderado e alto parece ser segura, já que não houve aumento apreciável da mortalidade. Mais dados são necessários para entender o impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes de risco muito alto.
Correlation of patient- and clinician-assessment of pain: comparing physiotherapy and general practice
Authors: White Sarah J. , Butlin Mark , Brown Alicia , White Ross
Published: March 2021

The clinical work of GPs and physiotherapists frequently involves the assessment of patient pain. In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation of patient- and clinician-assessment of severity of pain through quantitative analysis of patient- and clinician-assessed pain scores collected at metropolitan general practice and physiotherapy clinics. Prior to a consultation, 30 patients were asked to complete a short general health survey within which they answered questions regarding current pain and, if in pain, the severity of that pain on the visual analogue scale. Following the consultation, their clinicians were asked questions on their observation of the patients, including whether they observed that their patients were in pain and, if so, how severe on the visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis of these data showed that although there was a correlation between the physiotherapist- and patient-assessed pain scores, there was no correlation between the GP- and patient-assessed pain scores. Accurately establishing the severity of patient pain can be difficult. These results suggest that GPs routinely underestimate the severity of patient pain. If the severity of patient pain is clinically relevant, GPs could improve the accuracy of assessment by asking patients directly about that aspect of pain.
Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer).
Authors: Kenis Marc
Published: March 2021

The emerald ash borer, A. planipennis is an East Asian wood-boring beetle that is presently causing dramatic damage to ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the USA and Canada. Since its discovery in 2002 in Michigan, the beetle has quickly spread to at least 15 US States and Canadian Provinces, mainly through the transport of infested firewood and other wood products. In about 10 years, it is estimated that the beetle has killed over 30 million forest and ornamental trees, causing significant economic damage as well as serious concern for the survival of several ash species and related biodiversity and ecosystems in North America. The beetle has recently been discovered in the region of Moscow, from where it could invade the whole of Europe. Given its enormous impact in North America, the beetle is now on the alert list of many global, regional and national plant protection and environment protection organizations worldwide.
Phragmites australis (common reed).
Authors: Parker Chris
Published: March 2021

Phragmites australis, the common reed, is an aggressive, vigorous species which, in suitable habitats, will out-compete virtually all other species and form a totally dominant stand. Its invasive character has been particularly apparent in North America where it has become dominant in a range of wetland habitats replacing native species and biotypes including the native North American P. australis subsp. americanus. Bird, fish and insect populations can also be affected.
Pucciniastrum coryli.
Authors:   USDA-ARS
Published: March 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
C-reactive protein and ground-glass opacity as predictors for intractable interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis under cyclophosphamide treatment regardless of concomitant glucocorticoids
Authors: Yoshida Yusuke , Sugimoto Tomohiro , Hosokawa Yohei , Suma Harumichi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Ishitoku Michinori , Kohno Hiroki , Tokunaga Tadahiro , Watanabe Hirofumi , Mokuda Sho , Nojima Takaki , Hirata Shintaro , Sugiyama Eiji
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has been proposed as a standard induction regimen for interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, there remain patients with SSc-ILD who are intractable to the therapy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with inadequate response to CYC and investigate how to treat SSc-ILD, especially in the need for glucocorticoids (GCs) combined with CYC.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients diagnosed with SSc-ILD and treated with CYC between 2009 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to determine the prognostic factors indicating significant progression of ILD (SP-ILD). The clinical findings of patients treated with vs. without GCs were compared.

Results

Nineteen patients were registered, with a median age of 61.0 years. Fifteen were females, and five were classified into SP-ILD. Baseline high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and non-widespread or localized ground-glass opacities (GGOs) predicted SP-ILD in multivariable analyses, and the cut-off level of CRP was 0.41 mg/dL. In clinical courses, SSc-ILD with high inflammation temporarily responded to CYC, regardless of the combined use of GCs; however, the therapeutic effects deteriorated soon after stopping CYC.

Conclusion

High CRP levels with non-widespread GGO predicted progressive ILD in patients with SSc treated with CYC.
The remarkable characteristics of the children with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever in Turkey
Authors: Sahin Nihal , Ozdemir Cicek Sumeyra , Pac Kisaarslan Aysenur , Poyrazoglu Muammer Hakan , Gunduz Zubeyde , Dusunsel Ruhan
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Colchicine is the fundamental treatment of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Still, 5–10% of patients are not in remission with colchicine treatment. A consensus could not be established for the definition of colchicine resistance in FMF. This study aimed to determine factors that help to predict colchicine resistance in pediatric FMF patients.

Methods

Patients with FMF that age of diagnosis was under 18 years old were included in our study. Fifty colchicine responsive and 33 colchicine-resistant patients were stratified as groups 1 and 2, respectively. Patients’ clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of colchicine-resistant FMF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify and compare the predictive performances of colchicine-resistant FMF models.

Results

Homozygous exon 10 MEFV mutations were frequent in group 2 (Group 1: 34 (68%), group 2: 32 (97%), p = .013). Univariate analysis showed that the age of onset of symptoms, age of diagnosis, chronic arthritis, myalgia and diarrhea during attacks, and the number of attacks, high ISSF and Pras score, high C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values under colchicine treatment were risk factors for colchicine-resistant FMF. With multivariate analysis, the number of attacks (OR 1.418, CI (95%) 1.149–1.750, p = .001) and high ESR values (OR 1.129, CI (95%) 1.059–1.204, p<.001) were detected as independent risk factors for colchicine-resistant FMF.

Conclusion

The predictive factors were determined for pediatric colchicine-resistant FMF in our study. The results will help to early diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation in FMF.
Structural design of cobalt phosphate on nickel foam for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhu Chunfeng , Yu Zhongyuan , Lin Tong , Li Jintang , Luo Xuetao
Published: April 2021

The elaborate design and synthesis of low-cost, efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which may alleviate the current energy shortage and environment pollution, is still a great challenge. Herein, metal phosphonate precursors with controllable morphologies were synthesized in situ on the surface of nickel foam with different solvents, and could be easily converted into carbon- and nitrogen-doped cobalt phosphate through a calcination method. The OER catalytic performance of the final products was studied in detail. The results showed that the nanowire shaped samples of CoPiNF-800 synthesized with deionized water under hydrothermal conditions had the strongest electrochemical performance. They exhibited extraordinary catalytic activity with a very low overpotential of 222 mV at 100 mA cm−2, the smallest impedance and excellent electrochemical stability. These results not only demonstrate the possibility of preparing low-cost OER catalysts based on transition metal phosphate, but also aid our understanding of the controllable synthesis process of different morphologies.
High-resolution satellite-derived river network map reveals small Arctic river hydrography
Authors: Lu Xin , Yang Kang , Bennett Mia M , Liu Chang , Mao Wei , Li Ya , Zhang Wensong , Li Manchun
Published: April 2021

Small rivers (width <30 m) are crucial components of Arctic terrestrial river networks. Yet to date, spatial resolution limitations of commonly used satellite imagery have inhibited quantification of their hydrography. By merging newly available Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite imagery with 2-m ArcticDEM digital elevation data, we created a continuous actively-flowing river network map of the Colville (Kuukpik) River Basin (∼36 000 km2) in Alaska, which includes small rivers as narrow as 10 m. We quantified the river hydrography (stream order and river width, length,surface area, velocity, slope, sinuosity, and catchment area) of the Colville river network in detail, revealing the dominant role of small rivers. Our results show that: (1) small rivers occupy >80% of total river length and surface area of the Colville river network and drain >90% of the catchment area; (2) including numerous small rivers increases the peak of hillslope-channel travel time distribution (TTD) by ∼4 times and shortens the mean hillslope-channel travel time by at least an order of magnitude compared to coarser-resolution river hydrography products; and (3) 87% of the Colville River Basin’s carbon dioxide is emitted from small rivers. In sum, we show that small Arctic rivers greatly influence streamflow TTD and carbon cycle. These findings expand our understanding of Arctic river hydrography to a 10-m spatial resolution and raise prospects for tracking dynamic surface water processes with high-resolution satellite observations.
Vector partition functions and Kronecker coefficients
Authors: Mishna Marni , Rosas Mercedes , Sundaram Sheila
Published: April 2021

The Kronecker coefficients are the structure constants for the restriction of irreducible representations of the general linear group GL(nm) into irreducibles for the subgroup GL(n) × GL(m). In this work we study the quasipolynomial nature of the Kronecker function using elementary tools from polyhedral geometry. We write the Kronecker function in terms of coefficients of a vector partition function. This allows us to define a new family of coefficients, the atomic Kronecker coefficients. Our derivation is explicit and self-contained, and gives a new exact formula and an upper bound for the Kronecker coefficients in the first nontrivial case.
The diversity of macroalgae epiphytes on the thallus surface of Kappaphycus Spp in Serewe Bay, East Lombok
Authors: Ghazali M , Kurnianingsih R , Suryadi B F , Menip  , Widoretno W , Retnaningdyah C , Arumingtyas E L
Published: April 2021

Kappaphycus spp are seaweed that is widely cultivated by coastal communities. The community grows Kappaphycus spp because it has economically profitable. Although Seaweed cultivation often experienced failures caused by environmental, herbivorous, and epiphytic factors. This study aims to determine what type of epiphytes grow on the surface of the thallus Kappaphycus spp. Sampling was conducted at the seaweed cultivation location in Serewe Bay, East Lombok. The sampling stations were determined using the purposive sampling method. Data is displayed as a tabular form and analyzed descriptively. A total of 21 epiphytic species were found in K. alvarezii and K. striatum, namely Ulva compressa, Chaetomorpha crassa, Hypnea sp, H. valentiae, H. saidana, H. pannosa, Spyridia hypnoides, S. filamentosa, Heterosipnonia japonica, H. crispella, Ceramium cingulatum, Ceramium flaccidum, Antithamnionella breviramosa, C. clarionensis, Acantophora spicifera, Bostrichia tenella, Polisiphonia sp., Polisiphonia foetidissima, Tolypiocladia glomerulata, Wrangelia gordoniae, W. tanegana., One species is found only in Kappaphycus alvarezii namely Padina minor. Five species are found only in K. striatum, namely Dictyota mayae, Ceramium cimbricum, Laurencia papillosa, Amphiroa sp.
C. cimbricum is one species that found in two culture method. All environmental parameters are optimal, except for the brightness and water flow in the bottom culture method.
Ear disease determination on computer-assisted outer and middle ear images
Authors: Kadriyan H , Wijaya I G P S , Yudhanto D , Yuliyani E A , Mulyana H
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a method to determine the outer and middle ear disease from image files in computer data efficiently and developed the environment friendly unit. The proposed method starts its method by analyzing the accessed file. If a file is labeled as a file that needs to be classified, the proposed method collects the list of image files in the directory, then it starts to run CNN-based classification to determine the type of ear disease suffered by the patient based on the information contained in the input image. If an image file is detected as a certain outer and middle ear disease, that file will be given a label and its probability. The CNN engine work for classifying the input image captured by Endoscope Ear Cleaning Tool Kit. The classification machine was developed using 1800 images for 18 disease classes with each class having a sample of 100 to 105 sample images. The sample image was augmented from 900 patient data. The experimental result shows that the Ear Disease Determination on Computer-Assisted Outer and Middle Ear Images which is based on CNN has run properly which is indicated by 80% accuracy and potentially implemented for the rural health center facility.
Effects of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and additive intercropping with peanut on growth, bulb formation, N and P contents of several varieties of shallot
Authors: Wangiyana W , Jaya I K D , Sunarpi
Published: April 2021

Application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer to rice intercropped with soybean could increase growth and yield of rice. This study aimed to examine the effects of mycorrhiza biofertilizer application and intercropping with peanut relay-planted between double-rows of shallot on growth, N and P content, and harvest bulb number of several shallot varieties. The experiment was designed according to Split Split-Plot Design, testing three treatment factors, i.e. intercropping with peanut as the main plots (I0= without, I1= with intercropping), application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer as the sub-plots (M0= without, M1= with mycorrhiza application), and shallot varieties as the sub-sub-plots (V1= Bima Brebes, V2= Ketamonca, V3= Super Phillip). Results indicated that among the three treatment factors, mycorrhiza biofertilizer showed the most significant effects whereas intercropping did not show any significant effects. However, there were two-way interaction effects on some variables, and three-way interaction effect on harvest bulb number, with the highest average (12.8 bulb/clump) was on intercropped “Ketamonca” supplied with mycorrhiza biofertilizer whereas the lowest average (8.7 bulb/clump) was on monocropped “Bima Brebes” without mycorrhiza biofertilizer. Leaf N and P contents were also highest on peanut-intercropped shallot plants supplied with mycorrhiza biofertilizer, indicating the environmentally-friendly nature of using these treatments in increasing shallot productivity.
Good agricultural and postharvest handling practices of Cocoa pods in Lombok to meet Cocoa bean quality for the global market
Authors: Zainuri  , Sjah T , Prameswari N , Werdiningsih W , Tarmizi and
Published: April 2021

Despite being the third-largest cocoa export country globally, the quality of cocoa beans produced in Indonesia, including in West Nusa Tenggara, is low. This paper presents the critical role of good agricultural and postharvest handling practices on local cocoa beans’ quality. This paper’s source of information was obtained from the survey, laboratory trials, and secondary sources. Supporting information was also obtained through reviews of related literature. Good agricultural practice with no chemical application to support sustainable agriculture and postharvest handling practices to produce cocoa pods and cocoa beans that meet the international quality standard is critical. Postharvest handling of the pods, which covered the fresh cocoa beans’ fermentation process, produced a significantly better flavor of the dried cocoa beans. However, these practices have not yet been adopted by farmers in Lombok. Price incentives for the fermented beans may not be promising at the farmer’s level. Another reason is related to the fermentation technology itself, which is not appropriate for small-scale farmers’ conditions. Innovative technology for applying fermentation on the cocoa pods is essential to enhance the technology’s adaption by cocoa farmers.
Impact of Revegetation of Rhizopora apiculata and Rhizopora stylosa on The Development of Mangrove Vegetation in Teluk Jor, East Lombok
Authors: Didik S , Zulhalifah  , Abdul S
Published: April 2021

Mangrove degradation has become a source of awareness, especially the government, such as the Indonesian government. This study aims to assess the effect of planting Rhizopora apiculata and Rhizopora stylosa on the growth and development of mangrove species diversity that grows naturally in Teluk Jor, East Lombok. Methods of data collection using the method of observation and transects. Furthermore, the first data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the second was the importance of value index analysis and Shannon-Wiener (H ’) analysis. In this study, five new species were found besides Rhizoproa apiculata and Rhizoproa stylosa. The new species are Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa, Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia casidaris. Furthermore, the highest index of importance was Sonneratia alba (tree 239.26, sapling 136.57, and seedling 66.89), and the lowest was Lumnitzera racemosa. Meanwhile, the diversity index is in the medium category, namely 1,451. In this case, the revegetation of two mangrove species in the study location significantly impacts mangrove vegetation growth and development. Therefore, the mangrove revegetation model in Teluk Jor can reference mangrove conservation in other areas.
The policy regime and shift of emissions trading scheme by Australian Labor Party and Emissions Reduction Fund by the coalition in Australia year 2013-2018
Authors: Zihniah Namirah
Published: April 2021

Emissions reduction policies for pollutant companies in Australia has become one issue that divides society and parliament. This study discusses the causes of the shifting of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), a carbon pricing policy by the Australian Labor Party to the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) by the Coalition. This study used the political exchange concept by Bruno Dente which describes a mutually beneficial relationship between the Coalition (consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party) with business groups. In addition, Carter A. Wilson’s theory of policy regimes and policy regime change was used to see the presence of interest groups and stages in policy shifts. This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data from literature studies and the Australian institution’s website, Hansard. Based on the findings, political exchange between the Coalition and business groups encourages the creation of conditions where stressors / enablers, legitimacy crisis, and power shifts occur. The Coalition as opposition then weakens the ETS policy regime by the reigning Australian Labor Party (ALP). After the Coalition won the election, there was an ETS policy shift by ALP to become an ERF which passed through the House of Representatives and Senate, and was approved by Governor General in 2014.
Effects of climate change on dryland agriculture vegetation index in Nangapanda, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Buditama Gilang , Saiya Halvina G , Putri Nadya P
Published: April 2021

Dryland agriculture produces agricultural commodities in the food and plantation sectors. However, the potential for dryland agriculture in Indonesia is one of the agricultural bases, which is also threatened by climate anomalies. This research aims to examine one of the climatic factors, namely Land Surface Temperature (LST), which is influenced by environmental carrying capacity factors, namely the vegetation index on the productivity of dryland agriculture. The vegetation indexes used are NDVI, SAVI, and EVI, using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI imagery for 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 then analyzed by statistical regression tests. Another data used are temperature comparison data from the Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia as known as Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), agricultural productivity data from Statistics Indonesia as known as Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), and Agricultural Counseling Agency of Nangapanda District as known as Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP). The result obtained from this research is that there is a significant inverse relationship between the vegetation index and LST. Later, the increase in LST can cause a decrease in the productivity of dryland agriculture.
Towards a low carbon solid waste management in West Papua
Authors: Prabawardani Saraswati , Hendri  , Karuniasa Mahawan , Syamsudin Kati , Maharani Cynthia , Munichputranto Fajar
Published: April 2021

Solid waste is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With an increasing population and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) of West Papua at 2.65% and 5.2% per annum, solid waste production will also be increased and GHG emissions. However, a specific amount of GHG emission in West Papua was yet to be determined due to the unavailability of solid waste generation across all districts within West Papua. This paper aims to assess solid waste generation by using a dynamic model system that involved total population and GDRP across West Papua as the main variables to measure the data above. This paper shows that 2 (two) scenarios to simulate the business as usual (BAU) process of existing waste management and proposed scenarios to reduce GHG emissions at a convenient level. Based on the BAU model, West Papua will produce 3.7 million tons of waste and 1.1 million tons CO2e in 2030. The proposed scenario suggests that West Papua should manage their waste of up to 118.297 tons/year to meet the NDC 29% emission reduction target. These models could be replicated to solve the same issues in different areas.
Acceleration for disasters: Evaluation of the disaster management act in Indonesia
Authors: Ayuni Qurattu , Arsil Fitra
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses disaster law evaluation in Indonesia after enacting Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management (Disaster Management Act). Several issues, such as the affirmation of the central and regional government’s authority, the role of Disaster Management Agency, and the accountability of emergency funds, are noteworthy to reform the Disaster Management Act in Indonesia. The methodology is legal, library-based research focusing mainly on primary and secondary sources. This paper argues that the amendment to the Disaster Management Act’s urgency is crucial to respond to some accelerations after a decade of the Disaster Management Act. Completing the Disaster Management Act is expected to be a comprehensive legal umbrella in guaranteeing citizens’ constitutional rights and duty when a disaster is in Indonesia.
Life cycle assessment of powder milk production in Indonesia
Authors: Silalahi Ursula C , Gozan Misri , Chairani Ellyna
Published: April 2021

The industry is a human activity established to process resources or materials into goods or products that humans can utilize. The dairy processing industry is one of the industries that process raw milk into various products, such as milk powder. The process of dairy processing industry activities not only produces a product but also contributes to environmental impacts. The main objective of this research determines the most potential environmental impact caused by the production process. The research will be conducted on milk powder products manufactured by PT X. The products chosen in this research are a product with a size of 40 grams per-sachet (product A) and product with a size of 200 grams per-sachet (Product B). The LCA research boundary is “gate to gate,” such as materials transportation from supplier, manufacturing process and management waste. The method used to determine the potential environmental impacts is life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Software SimaPro v.9.1 calculates the impact assessment. The calculations showed potential environmental impacts on product A and product B, such as Marine Ecotoxicity, Freshwater Ecotoxicity, and Human Toxicity. Based on the process stages of product A and product B, the potential environmental impact arises from the manufacturing process.
Adat law and culture: The local authority elements of Baduy tribe on environment preservation
Authors: Asteria Donna , Brotosusilo Agus , Soedrajad M R , Nugraha F N
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is a country that has cultural diversity and Adat law, one of which is the culture of the Baduy tribe. However, social and economic changes that impact the environment led researchers to identify how the Baduy tribe maintains an environment based on cultural and adat laws. This paper used observation and interview methods to identify the environmental preservation that the Baduy tribe has been doing. Baduy Luar has used modern goods, but Baduy Dalam still does not use it. Both do not cut down trees in protected forest areas and still rely on the river to meet their daily water needs, from farming, drinking, or only bathing and cleaning the furniture. They believe and trust “ancestral rules”. That beliefs make them trust to Pu’un as someone with authority, which always preserves that ancestral rules. Pu’un can decide on preserved their ancestral rule. These are fundamental aspects as the laws here represent how the culture tries to reserve the environment. That is much needed as the laws will not do it anymore to prevent environmental damage by society. However, this paper results can be used to build the culture and law for preserved the environment in national society with further study.
Price rationing in Islamic Cooperatives Institutions (challenges and solutions to poverty reduction in Indonesia)
Authors: Wulandari Permata , Prijadi Ruslan , Desiana Putri Mega
Published: April 2021

A primary focus of this study is to highlight the suggested solutions from Islamic cooperatives practitioners to overcome the challenges in the practice of price rationing assessment in three Bottom of the Economic Pyramid (BOP) regions, namely Daerah Istimewa (DI) Yogyakarta, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) and Makassar, Indonesia. A total of 26 Islamic cooperatives Institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia were chosen based on purposive sampling methods. An in-depth interview was developed to profile the data related to the suggested solution. This study found evidence that Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) has a higher margin than commercial and rural banks. The problem of higher margin is fixed through reducing margin (giving special margin for loyal consumers, seeking a channelling bank with lower margin, giving an option of margin negotiation and increasing financing distribution) and giving rationalization to customers of the benefit associated with a high margin (giving value to the product, increasing the level of sharia understanding and good communication of margin).
Rethinking the ultimum remedium principle to support justice and strong law enforcement institutions in environmental crimes
Authors: Naibaho Nathalina
Published: April 2021

Environmental crimes are increased, according to the information launched by the official institutions. Furthermore, the law enforcement process of environmental cases received a lot of attentions and discussion among environmental law enforcement scholars and practitioners. Disagreements also occured when justice seekers and environmental law fighters argue that the resolution of various cases in the field of environmental law did not give satisfaction to the public. This paper used doctrinal research, which analyzes the problem qualitatively by using secondary data sources from primary and secondary legal materials. The research results show that the settlement of existing cases has not been able to prevent similar violations and give appropriate punishment to the offenders. Thus, the use of the ultimum remedium principle is important, so that the accuracy of determining and implementing optimal sanctions for violations in the case of environmental law become the ultimate ways in encouraging the strengthening of environmental law enforcement to reduce environmental crimes as well as supporting environmental preservation.