bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth‐rate recovery of Escherichia coli cultures carrying a multicopy plasmid, by engineering of the pentose‐phosphate pathway
Authors: Flores Salvador , de Anda‐Herrera Ramón , Gosset Guillermo , Bolívar Francisco G.
Published: July 2004

Expression of plasmid‐encoded genes in bacteria is the most common strategy for the production of specific proteins in biotechnological processes. However, the synthesis of plasmid‐encoded proteins and plasmid‐DNA replication often places a metabolic load (metabolic burden) into the cell's biochemical capacities that usually reduces the growth rate of the producing culture (Glick BR. Biotechnol Adv 1995;13:247–261). This metabolic burden may be related to a limited capacity of the cell to supply the extra demand of building blocks and energy required to replicate plasmid DNA and express foreign multicopy genes. Some of these required blocks are intermediaries of the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, e.g., ribose‐5‐phosphate, erythrose‐4‐phosphate. Due to the important impact of metabolic burden on biotechnological processes, several groups have worked on developing strategies to overcome this problem, like reduction of plasmid copy number (Seo JH, Bailey JE. Biotechnol Bioeng 1985;27:1668–1674; Jones KL, Kim S, Keasling JD. Metab Eng 2000;3:328–338), chromosomal insertion of the gene which product is desired, or changing the plasmid‐coded antibiotic resistance gene (Hong Y, Pasternak JJ, Glick BR. Can J Microbiol 1995;41:624–628). However, few efforts have been attempted to overcome the reduction of growth rate due to protein over‐expression, by modifying central metabolic pathways (Chou C‐H, Bennett GN, San KY. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994;44:952–960). We constructed a high‐copy number plasmid carrying the gene for glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, zwf, under the control of an inducible trc promoter (pTRzwf04 plasmid). By transforming a wild‐type strain and inducing with IPTG, it was possible to recover growth‐rate from 0.46 h−1 (uninduced) to 0.64 h−1 (induced). The same transformation in an Escherichia coli zwf−, allows a growth‐rate recovery from 0.43 h−1 (uninduced) to 0.62 h−1 (induced). We also studied this effect as part of a laboratory‐scale biotechnology process: production of a recombinant insulin peptide by co‐transforming E. coli JM101 strain with pTRzwf07, a low‐copy‐number plasmid that carries the same inducible construction as pTRzwf04, and with the pTEXP‐MMRPI vector that carries a TrpLE‐proinsulin hybrid gene. In this system, production of TrpLE‐proinsulin strongly reduces growth rate; however, overexpression of zwf gene recovers with a growth rate from 0.1 h−1 in the TrpLE‐proinsulin induced strain, to 0.37 h−1 when both zwf and TrpLE‐proinsulin genes were induced. In this paper, we show that the engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway by modulation of the zwf gene expression level partially overcomes the possible bottleneck for the supply of building blocks and reducing power synthesized through the PP pathway, that are required for plasmid replication and plasmid‐encoded protein expression. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substrate replenishment extends protein synthesis with an in vitro translation system designed to mimic the cytoplasm
Authors: Jewett Michael C. , Swartz James R.
Published: July 2004

Cytoplasmic mimicry has recently led to the development of a novel method for cell‐free protein synthesis called the “Cytomim” system. In vitro translation with this new system produced more than a 5‐fold yield increase of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) relative to a conventional method using pyruvate as an energy substrate. Factors responsible for activating enhanced protein yields, and causes leading to protein synthesis termination have been assessed in this new system. Enhanced yields were caused by the combination of three changes: growing the extract source cells on 2× YTPG media versus 2× YT, replacing polyethylene glycol with spermidine and putrescine, and reducing the magnesium concentration from conventional levels. Cessation of protein synthesis was primarily caused by depletion of cysteine, serine, CTP, and UTP. Substrate replenishment of consumed amino acids, CTP, and UTP extended the duration of protein synthesis to 24 h in fed‐batch operation and produced 1.2 mg/mL of CAT. By also adding more T7 RNA polymerase and plasmid DNA, yields were further improved to 1.4 mg/mL of CAT. These results underscore the critical role that nucleotides play in the combined transcription–translation reaction and highlight the importance of understanding metabolic processes influencing substrate depletion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BioLogic gates enable logical transcription control in mammalian cells
Authors: Kramer Beat P. , Fischer Cornelius , Fussenegger Martin
Published: July 2004

The architecture of gene regulatory networks is reminiscent of electronic circuits. Modular building blocks that respond in a logical way to one or several inputs are connected to perform a variety of complex tasks. Gene circuit engineers have pioneered the construction of artificial gene regulatory networks with the intention to pave the way for the construction of therapeutic gene circuits for next‐generation gene therapy approaches. However, due to the lack of a critical amount of eukaryotic cell‐compatible gene regulation systems, the field has so far been limited to prokaryotes. Recent development of several mammalian cell‐compatible expression control systems laid the foundations for the assembly of transcription control modules that can respond to several inputs. Herein, three approaches to evoke combinatorial transcription control have been followed: (i) construction of artificial promoters with up to three operator sites for regulatory proteins, and (ii) parallel and (iii) serial linking of two gene regulation systems. We have combined tetracycline‐, streptogramin‐, macrolide‐, and butyrolactone transcription control systems to engineer BioLogic gates of the NOT IF‐, AND‐, NOT IF IF‐, NAND‐, OR‐, NOR‐, and INVERTER‐type in mammalian cells, which are able to respond to up to three different small molecule inputs. BioLogic gates enable logical transcriptional control in mammalian cells and, in combination with modern transduction technologies, could serve as versatile tools for regulated gene expression and as building blocks for complex artificial gene regulatory networks for applications in gene therapy, tissue engineering, and biotechnology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dinuclear Barium(II) Complexes Based on a Calix[4]arene Scaffold as Catalysts of Acyl Transfer
Authors: Cacciapaglia Roberta , Casnati Alessandro , Di Stefano Stefano , Mandolini Luigi , Paolemili Daniele , Reinhoudt David N. , Sartori Andrea , Ungaro Rocco
Published: July 2004

Two novel regioisomeric calix[4]arene derivatives (2 and 3), decorated with two aza[18]crown‐6 units at vicinal (1,2) or diagonal (1,3) positions of the upper rim, were synthesized. The catalytic activities of their dinuclear Ba2+ complexes were investigated in the ethanolysis of esters 8–11, endowed with a carboxylate anchoring group. Major results are as follows: 1) the two metal ions in the dinuclear catalysts work together in a cooperative fashion; 2) the vicinal calix[4]arene catalyst 2 is far superior to its diagonal regioisomer 3 in the reactions of all of the investigated esters; and 3) the distance between the carboxylate and ester carbonyl, which increases regularly from 8 to 11, influences reactivity of catalytic ester cleavage in a way that is decidedly suggestive of the importance of a good match between ester size and metal‐to‐metal distance. However, the superiority of the vicinal catalyst 2 relative to 3 cannot be explained on the basis of the putative match of ester size to intermetal distance, thus providing an indication that additional, still poorly understood effects may contribute significantly to catalytic efficiency.
Study of the MAu6 (M: Cr, Mo, W) Molecular Species: A Transition from Halogenlike to Hydrogenlike Chemical Behavior for Gold.
Authors: Gagliardi Laura , Pyykkoe Pekka
Published: July 2004

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The Importance of Being Tetrahedral: The Cadmium Pyramids CdN; N = 4, 10, 20, 35 and 56.
Authors: Johansson Mikael P. , Pyykkoe Pekka
Published: July 2004

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Structure, Energetics, Electronic, and Hydration Properties of Neutral and Anionic Al3O6, Al3O7, and Al3O8 Clusters
Authors: Gowtham S. , Lau Kah Chun , Deshpande Mrinalini , Pandey Ravindra , Gianotto Anita K. , Groenewold Gary S.
Published: July 2004

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Structural Investigation of the Ternary RM3B2 Compounds.
Authors: Sologub O. , Salamakha P. , Rizzoli C. , Goncalves A. P. , Ipser H. , Almeida M.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single Crystal Investigation of CePd3In2.
Authors: Nesterenko S. N. , Tursina A. I. , Rogl P. , Seropegin Y. D.
Published: July 2004

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Study of Sialon S‐Phases M2AlxSi12‐xN16‐xO2+x, M: Ba and Ba0.9Eu0.1, by X‐Ray Single Crystal Diffraction, X‐Ray Powder Diffraction, and Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh S. , Grins J. , Shen Z. , Eden M. , Thiaux M.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Lu7M2Te2 (M: Ni, Pd, Ru). Linking Typical Tricapped Trigonal Prisms in Metal‐Rich Compounds.
Authors: Chen Ling , Corbett John D.
Published: July 2004

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The Alkali Hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2.
Authors: Naumova Marina I. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Podberezskaya Nina V. , Naumov Dmitry Yu.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The catena‐Arsenite Chain Anion, [AsO2]n‐n: (H3NCH2CH2NH3)0.5 [AsO2] and NaAsO2 (Revisited).
Authors: Lee Clare , Harrison William T. A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bis(pentane‐1,5‐diammonium)decaiodotriplumbate(II).
Authors: Billing David G. , Lemmerer Andreas
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Mn2(OH)2SO4: A Novel Layered Hydroxide.
Authors: Ben Salah Mohsen , Vilminot Serge , Mhiri Tahar , Kurmoo Mohamedally
Published: July 2004

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The Phase Diagram of the Sr—Si System.
Authors: Palenzona A. , Pani M.
Published: July 2004

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Band Gap Tuning in New Strontium Seleno‐Stannates.
Authors: Assoud Abdeljalil , Soheilnia Navid , Kleinke Holger
Published: July 2004

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New Fluorescent Stains for Protein Detection in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate—Polyacrylamide Gels.
Authors: Hong Soo Yeon , Jun Hyunsook , Yoon Seung Soo , Kang Chulhun , Suh Myungkoo
Published: July 2004

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Diastereoselectivity in Asymmetric Allylations: The Role of Vicinal Chirality in the Allyl Nucleophile for SE2′ Reactions with Aldehydes.
Authors: Williams David R. , Meyer Kevin G. , Shamim Khalida , Patnaik Samarjit
Published: July 2004

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Sequential Olefin Metathesis — Intramolecular Asymmetric Heck Reactions in the Synthesis of Polycycles.
Authors: Lautens Mark , Zunic Valentin
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Molluscicidal Activity of (2‐Substituted)‐spiro(cyclohexane)‐1′,5‐[1,3,4]oxa/thiadiazolo [3,2‐c]thiazolines.
Authors: Nizamuddin Nizamuddin , Singh A.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Microbiological Activities of Some Pyrazolines and Cyanopyridines.
Authors: Rajvaidya Sohit , Vasavada Jaladhi , Parekh H. H.
Published: July 2004

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Enantioselective Iodolactonization Catalyzed by Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from Cinchonidine.
Authors: Wang Mang , Gao Lian Xun , Mai Wen Peng , Xia Ai Xiang , Wang Fang , Zhang Suo Bo
Published: July 2004

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Zirconium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination/Cyclization.
Authors: Knight Paul D. , Munslow Ian , O'Shaughnessy Paul N. , Scott Peter
Published: July 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3‐Rearrangement of Racemic Allylic Sulfinates: Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Sulfones and Kinetic Resolution of an Allylic Sulfinate.
Authors: Jagusch Thomas , Gais Hans‐Joachim , Bondarev Oleg
Published: July 2004

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A Highly Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of α,β‐Epoxyketones to 1,2‐Diketones.
Authors: Chang Chia‐Lung , Kumar Manyam Praveen , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: July 2004

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Aromatic Substitution with Photochemically Generated Difluoromethyl Radicals Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Group.
Authors: Murakami Satoru , Kim Shokaku , Ishii Hideki , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: July 2004

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Novel Ultrasonication‐Assisted Carbonyl Allylation Mediated by SnCl2 in Water.
Authors: Wang Jun , Yuan Gu , Dong Chang‐Qing
Published: July 2004

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Allyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxodisulfate (CH2=CHCH2PPh3) 2S2O8: An Efficient and Convenient Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols and Silyl and THP‐Ethers under Nonaqueous Conditions.
Authors: Tajbakhsh M. , Lakouraj M. M. , Fadavi A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Baeyer—Villiger Oxidations in Ionic Liquids. A Facile Conversion of Ketones to Esters and Lactones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Basak A. K. , Narsaiah A. V.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recoverable, Reusable, Highly Active, and Sulfur‐Tolerant Polymer Incarcerated Palladium for Hydrogenation.
Authors: Okamoto Kuniaki , Akiyama Ryo , Kobayashi Shu
Published: July 2004

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The Remarkable Role of Water During the Chemoselective Reduction of Ketones Mediated by Metallic Aluminum.
Authors: Bhar Sanjay , Guha Sharmistha
Published: July 2004

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Reactions of Methylenecyclopropanes with Phenylsulfenyl Chloride and Phenylselenyl Chloride.
Authors: Liu Le‐Ping , Shi Min
Published: July 2004

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Copper Sulfate‐Pentahydrate‐1,10‐phenanthroline Catalyzed Amidations of Alkynyl Bromides. Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Amine Substituted Ynamides.
Authors: Zhang Yanshi , Hsung Richard P. , Tracey Michael R. , Kurtz Kimberly C. M. , Vera Eymi L.
Published: July 2004

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Mild and Efficient Silylcyanation of Ketones Catalyzed by Cesium Fluoride.
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Rajagopal Gurusamy , Song Dae Ho
Published: July 2004

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Tetraphosphine/palladium Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Alkylboronic Acids.
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: July 2004

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Tetrahydrofuranylation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Alkylperoxy‐λ3‐iodane and Carbon Tetrachloride.
Authors: Ochiai Masahito , Sueda Takuya
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of SF2809‐V, Chymase Inhibitor and Its Analogues by Three‐Component Reaction: Model Study for High Throughput Synthesis of a Chymase Inhibitor Library.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuo , Harimaya Kenzo
Published: July 2004

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Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Imines, Acid Chlorides, and Alkynes: A Multicomponent Route to Propargylamides.
Authors: Black Daniel A. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: July 2004

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (1E)‐2‐Methyl‐1,3‐dienes by Palladium‐Catalyzed trans‐Selective Cross‐Coupling of 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐alkenes with Alkenylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Zeng Xingzhong , Qian Mingxing , Hu Qian , Negishi Ei‐ichi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Environmentally Benign Processes for Making Useful Fluorocarbons: Nickel‐ or Copper(I) Iodide‐Catalyzed Reaction of Highly Fluorinated Epoxides with Halogens in the Absence of Solvent and Thermal Addition of CF2I2 to Olefins.
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Yu
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Double Nucleophilic Addition of Azide and Tetraallyltin of the Latent α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Using in situ Hydrolysis of the Imino Functionality Promoted by Tin(IV) Chloride Pentahydrate.
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Nishi Takafumi
Published: July 2004

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Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐1,3‐diols and D‐erythro‐Sphinganine.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Mueller‐Huewen Anke
Published: July 2004

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Platinum(II)‐Catalyzed Addition of Alcohols to Alkynes.
Authors: Hartman John W. , Sperry Luke
Published: July 2004

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Direct, Stereoselective Substitution in [Rh(CO)2Cl]2‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations of Unsymmetrical Substrates.
Authors: Ashfeld Brandon L. , Miller Kenneth A. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Carbocyclic Nucleoside Building Block (R)‐(+)‐4‐Aminocyclopentenone Using δ‐Amino β‐Ketophosphonates and Ring‐Closing Metathesis (RCM).
Authors: Davis Franklin A. , Wu Yongzhong
Published: July 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed H—D Exchange Reaction under Hydrothermal Condition.
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro , Yokota Yutaka , Oshima Koichiro
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Tandem Oxidation Procedure for the Conversion of Alcohols into 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes.
Authors: Raw Steven A. , Reid Mark , Roman Estelle , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: July 2004

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Simple Preparation of Nitroso Benzenes and Nitro Benzenes by Oxidation of Anilines with H2O2 Catalyzed with Molybdenum Salts.
Authors: Defoin Albert
Published: July 2004

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Bi(OTf)3‐ and Bi(TFA)3‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides with Anilines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Khosropour Ahmad R. , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Ghozati Kazem
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zinc‐Mediated Radical Reactions of Per‐ (or Poly)fluorophenyl Aromatic Aldimines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Zhu Shizheng , Wang Shaowu
Published: July 2004

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A New Look at Boron Enolate Chemistry: Aminative C—C Bond Formation Using Diaminoboron Enolate with Aldehyde.
Authors: Suginome Michinori , Uehlin Lars , Yamamoto Akihiko , Murakami Masahiro
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Aryl Azides and Vinyl Azides via Proline‐Promoted CuI‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhu Wei , Ma Dawei
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Relative Migratory Aptitudes of Carbon and Heteroatoms in Borate Complexes. A Surprising α‐Thia Effect.
Authors: Stoddard Jonathan M. , Shea Kenneth J.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Highly Chemoselective Biomimetic Oxidation of Organosulfur Compounds with Tetrabutylammonium Peroxymonosulfate in the Presence of Manganese meso‐Tetraphenylporphyrin and Imidazole.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Mohajer Daryoush , Rezaeifard Abdol‐Reza
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient and Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Benzoins via the Cyanide Ion Catalyzed Cleavage of Benzils.
Authors: Demir Ayhan S. , Reis Oemer
Published: July 2004

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Heck‐Type Benzylation of Olefins with Benzyl Trifluoroacetates.
Authors: Narahashi Hirohisa , Yamamoto Akio , Shimizu Isao
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generic Synthesis of β‐Sultams via Domino Alkylation of Bromomethanesulfonamides.
Authors: Barton William R. S. , Paquette Leo A.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Nitrated Thienylphosphonates via Michaelis—Arbuzov‐Type Rearrangement.
Authors: Erker Thomas , Handler Norbert
Published: July 2004

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Access to New 2‐Oxofuro[2,3‐b]pyrroles and 2‐Methylenepyrroles Through the Reaction of 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐butadienes and γ‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Filippone Paolino , Mantellini Fabio , Santeusanio Stefania
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
From 1,4‐Diketones to N‐Vinyl Derivatives of 3,3′‐Bipyrroles and 4,8‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐f]indole in Just Two Preparative Steps.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Zaitsev Alexey B. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Vasil'tsov Alexander M. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Zorina Nadezhda V.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Direct Access to 3‐(2‐Oxoalkyl)indoles via Aluminum Chloride Induced C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Pal Manojit , Dakarapu Rambabu , Padakanti Srinivas
Published: July 2004

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Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate‐Catalyzed Reactions of Indoles: A Mild, Expedient Synthesis of Bis‐indolylmethanes.
Authors: Nagarajan Rajagopal , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Nonracemic 9‐(1‐Methoxycarbonylethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazole.
Authors: Kurkin A. V. , Nesterov V. V. , Karchava A. V. , Yurovskaya M. A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rearrangement of Cyclic Allenes via 1,2‐Dehydro[10]annulenes: Intramolecular Dehydro Diels—Alder of 3‐(Trimethylsilyl)propiolamides.
Authors: Rodriguez David , Castedo Luis , Dominguez Domingo , Saa Carlos
Published: July 2004

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Methanesulfonamide Group at Position‐4 of the C‐5‐Phenyl Ring of 1,5‐Diarylpyrazole Affords a Potent Class of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Inhibitors.
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Vobbalareddy Saibaba , Shivaramakrishna Samala , Krishnamraju A. , Rajjak Shaikh Abdul , Casturi Seshagiri Rao , Akhila Vangoori , Rao Yeleswarapu Koteswar
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Pyrazolylpyridine Derivatives Bearing a Tethered Alkoxysilyl Group.
Authors: Sacco Luigi , Lambert Stephanie , Pirard Jean‐Paul , Noels Alfred F.
Published: July 2004

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A Mild and Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of 1‐(Alkyldithiocarbonyl)‐imidazoles.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Qiang , Ge Ze‐Mei , Hou Xue‐Ling , Cheng Tie‐Ming , Li Run‐Tao
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of 1‐(Phenylsulfonyl)‐(1H,3H)‐imidazol‐2‐one Derivatives with Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: Brzozowski Z. , Slawinski J.
Published: July 2004

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4‐Bromomethyl‐2‐chlorooxazole — A Versatile Oxazole Cross‐Coupling Unit for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Oxazoles.
Authors: Young Gail L. , Smith Stephen A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: July 2004

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A Clean One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Derivatives Catalyzed by Hexadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Wang Ai‐Qing , Wang Xin , Zhang Jian‐She , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: July 2004

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Clean Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthene Derivatives Catalyzed by p‐Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Zhang Jian‐She , Xiao Jin‐Chong , Wang Ai‐Qing , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: July 2004

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A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of 4,6‐Disubstituted 3‐Cyanopyridin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Dave Chaitanya G. , Shah Dhaval A. , Agrawal Yadvendra K.
Published: July 2004

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New N‐Halosuccinimide‐Mediated Reactions for the Synthesis of Pyridines.
Authors: Bagley Mark C. , Glover Christian , Merritt Eleanor A. , Xiong Xin
Published: July 2004

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N‐(2‐Pyridyl)amides of 2,4‐Dioxobutyric Acids in Reactions with Diazoalkanes.
Authors: Kataev S. S. , Gavrilova N. E. , Zalesov V. V.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Cyclic Hydrazines by Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Dienes and Enynes Tethered by an N—N Bond.
Authors: Tae Jinsung , Hahn Dong‐Woo
Published: July 2004

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Alkaline Protease from Bacillus subtilis Catalyzed Michael Addition of Pyrimidine Derivatives to α,β‐Ethylenic Compounds in Organic Media.
Authors: Cai Ying , Sun Xiao‐Feng , Wang Na , Lin Xian‐Fu
Published: July 2004

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A New Synthetic Method of 1,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐2‐ones: Selenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Nishiyama Yutaka , Naitoh Yoshitaka , Sonoda Noboru
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Analgesic Evaluation of Some 5‐[β‐(10‐Phenothiazinyl)ethyl]‐1‐(acyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles.
Authors: Rajasekaran A. , Thampi P. P.
Published: July 2004

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New 1,3‐Dihydroazepin‐2‐one Derivatives by [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Suitably Substituted 2‐Alkenylcyclopropyl Isocyanates.
Authors: Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Boettcher Gesine , Zimmer Reinhold
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Macrocyclic Carbonates with Musk Odor by Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Michrowska Anna , Wawrzyniak Piotr , Grela Karol
Published: July 2004

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Chromophoric Macrocycles from the Oxidation of Bis(aminofurazanylic) Ethers of 1,2‐Diols.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Shatunova Elena V. , Averkiev Boris B. , Dmitriev Dmitrii E. , Petukhov Viktor A. , Antipin Mikhail Yu.
Published: July 2004

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Allene: As Small in Size as Versatile in Synthesis. A General Scope of Its Usefulness as a C3‐Synthon for Carbocyclic Annulations.
Authors: Barbero Ascuncion , Pulido Francisco J.
Published: July 2004

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Nickel‐Mediated Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carboxylation of Trimethylsilylallene under an Atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Takimoto Masanori , Kawamura Mitsunobu , Mori Miwako
Published: July 2004

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Ligand‐Controlled Highly Stereoselective Syntheses of E‐ and Z‐Allylsilanes from Dienes and Aldehydes Using Nickel Complex.
Authors: Sawaki Rieko , Sato Yoshihiro , Mori Miwako
Published: July 2004

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Chloro‐δ‐hydroxy‐β‐ketoalkanephosphonates and Reactions Thereof.
Authors: Xu Chengfu , Yuan Chengye
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of 1‐Phosphono‐2‐aza‐1,3‐dienes and Scope of Their Aziridination.
Authors: Vanderhoydonck Bart , Stevens Christian V.
Published: July 2004

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The Regiochemistry of the Stannylcupration of Allenes: Synthesis of Allylstannanes Using the Lower Order Cuprate (Bu3Sn)CuCNLi.
Authors: Barbero Asuncion , Pulido Francisco J.
Published: July 2004

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Part 1. Efficient Strategies for the Construction of Variably Substituted Bicyclo[5.3.1]undecenones. (AB Taxane Ring Systems).
Authors: Laurent Alain , Villalva‐Servin Nidia P. , Forgione Pat , Wilson Peter D. , Smil David V. , Fallis Alex G.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of 3α,7α,14α‐Trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic Acid: A Potential Primary Bile Acid in Vertebrates.
Authors: Kakiyama Genta , Iida Takashi , Goto Takaaki , Mano Nariyasu , Goto Junichi , Nambara Toshio
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Nτ‐Arylhistidine Derivatives via Direct N‐Arylation.
Authors: Yue Weimin , Lewis Stefanie I. , Koen Yakov M. , Hanzlik Robert P.
Published: July 2004

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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Pyranose Polytosylates.
Authors: McGeary Ross P. , Amini Sara Rasoul , Tang Vincent W. S. , Toth Istvan
Published: July 2004

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Selective Oxidation of Glycosyl Sulfides to Sulfoxides Using Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalate and Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chen Ming‐Yi , Patkar Laxmikant Narhari , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: July 2004

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Radical Carboazidation: Expedient Assembly of the Core Structure of Various Alkaloid Families.
Authors: Panchaud Philippe , Ollivier Cyril , Renaud Philippe , Zigmantas Sarunas
Published: July 2004

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Solvent‐Free Cyclocondensation of Lactim Ethers with Anthranilic Acid under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Cledera Pilar , Sanchez J. Domingo , Caballereo Esmeralda , Avendano Carmen , Ramos M. Teresa , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel 4′‐Branched and Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐Templated Nucleoside.
Authors: Hong Joon Hee
Published: July 2004

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Stereospecific Pd(O)‐Catalyzed Malonate Additions to Allylic Hydroxy Phosphonate Derivatives: A Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Enterolactone.
Authors: Yan Bingli , Spilling Christopher D.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Analogues of S‐Adenosyl‐L‐methionine, as Inhibitors of the E. coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase.
Authors: Guerard Christine , Breard Maud , Courtois Fabienne , Drujon Thierry , Ploux Olivier
Published: July 2004

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Carminomycin, 14‐Hydroxycarminomycin and Its Novel Carbohydrate Derivatives Potently Kill Human Tumor Cells and Their Multidrug Resistant Variants.
Authors: Tevyashova Anna N. , Shtil Alexander A. , Olsufyeva Eugenia N. , Simonova Valeria S. , Samusenko Alexei V. , Preobrazhenskaya Maria N.
Published: July 2004

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A Concise Synthesis of β‐Lactam—Sulfonamide Hybrids.
Authors: Freitag Dirk , Schwab Pia , Metz Peter
Published: July 2004

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SF2809 Compounds, Novel Chymase Inhibitors from Dactylosporangium sp. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties.
Authors: Tani Masato , Gyobu Yasuhiro , Sasaki Toru , Takenouchi Osami , Kawamura Takashi , Kamimura Takashi , Harada Toshiaki
Published: July 2004

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Ajudazols, New Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport from Chondromyces crocatus. Production, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action.
Authors: Kunze Brigitte , Jansen Rolf , Hoefle Gerhard , Reichenbach Hans
Published: July 2004

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Biological Activities of Methyl‐4‐[[(2E)‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadienyl]oxy]‐3‐hydroxybenzoate.
Authors: Baek Seung Hwa , Oh Hyun Ju , Lim Jin A. , Chun Hyun Ja , Lee Hyun Ok , Ahn Jong Woong , Perry Nigel B. , Kim Hyung Min
Published: July 2004

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Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation of HfS3 in Liquid Medium: Inorganic Fullerene‐Like Structures of Hf2S.
Authors: Nath Manashi , Rao C. N. R. , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Albu‐Yaron Angi , Tenne Reshef
Published: July 2004

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Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Ionic Solids in Liquids
Authors: Gamsjager Heinz , Konigsberger Erich
Published: July 2004

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Solubility of Gases in Molten Salts and Molten Metals
Authors: Tomkins Reginald P. T.
Published: July 2004

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IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. Part 79. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Pseudohalides
Authors: Hala Jiri , Akaiwa H.
Published: July 2004

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Nanospring Formation ‐ Unexpected Catalyst Mediated Growth
Authors: McIlroy D. N. , Alkhateeb A. , Zhang D. , Aston D. Eric , Marcy Andrew C. , Norton M. Grant
Published: July 2004

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Transition‐Metal Silyl Complexes and Chemistry in the Reactions of Silanes with Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Yu Xianghua , Morton Laurel A. , Xue Zi‐Ling
Published: July 2004

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Metallodendrimers Composed of Organometallic Building Blocks
Authors: Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: July 2004

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Directing Effects in the Hydroboration of Steroidal Alkenes
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: July 2004

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Chemically Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycanohydrin Syntheses
Authors: Brunel Jean‐Michel , Holmes Ian P.
Published: July 2004

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Chiral Pyridine N‐Oxides: Useful Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio , Murineddu Gabriele , Pinna Gerard A.
Published: July 2004

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Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone: Chemistry and Recent Development
Authors: Garner James , Keller Paul A. , McCluskey Adam
Published: July 2004

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Transesterification/Acylation Reactions Catalyzed by Molecular Catalysts
Authors: Grasa Gabriela A. , Singh Rohit , Nolan Steven P.
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Natural (+)‐Lasonolide A
Authors: Kang Sung Ho , Kang Suk Youn , Choi Hyeong‐wook , Kim Chul Min , Jun Hyuk‐Sang , Youn Joo‐Hack
Published: July 2004

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Organocatalyzed Asymmetric α‐Aminoxylation of Aldehydes and Ketones — An Efficient Access to Enantiomerically Pure α‐Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds, Diols, and Even Amino Alcohols
Authors: Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomas
Published: July 2004

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Search for Functions of Natural Oligoglycosides—Solanaceae and Leguminosae Origin Glycosides
Authors: Nohara Toshihiro
Published: July 2004

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Titanium‐Mediated Syntheses of Cyclopropylamines
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Savchenko Andrei I.
Published: July 2004

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A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Artemisinin and Related Endoperoxides
Authors: O'Neill Paul M. , Posner Gary H.
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Oxidative and Reductive Coupling Using Chiral Auxiliaries
Authors: Kise Naoki
Published: July 2004

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Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations Using Acylzirconocene Chloride Complexes as a Donor of Nucleophilic Acyl Group
Authors: Hanzawa Yuji , Taguchi Takeo
Published: July 2004

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Control of Regiochemistry of Radical Cyclization and Applications to the Synthesis of Physiologically Active Compounds
Authors: Ishibashi Hiroyuki , Tamura Osamu
Published: July 2004

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MAC Reagents. Three‐Components Coupling Reaction with One Carbon Homologation
Authors: Nemoto Hisao
Published: July 2004

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Oxidation of Two Major Disaccharides: Sucrose and Isomaltulose
Authors: Trombotto Stephane , Violet‐Courtens Estelle , Cottier Louis , Queneau Yves
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Use of Furyl Hydroperoxides as Reagents in Asymmetric Oxidations
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra , Scettri Arrigo
Published: July 2004

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Product Class 5: 3‐Oxidopyrylium Salts and Their Thio and Benzo‐Fused Analogues
Authors: Nelson A.
Published: July 2004

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Product Class 3: Pyranones and Pyranthiones
Authors: Afarinkia K. , Vinader V.
Published: July 2004

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Heterogeneous Catalysis in Liquid Phase Organic Synthesis, Promoted by Layered Zirconium Phosphates and Phosphonates
Authors: Curini M. , Rosati O. , Costantino U.
Published: July 2004

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Magnetic Properties
Authors: Borovik‐Romanov A. S. , Grimmer H.
Published: July 2004

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Solid Electrolyte Potentiometry Aided Studies of Oxidic Catalysts
Authors: Estenfelder Marvin , Hahn Thomas , Lintz Hans‐Guenther
Published: July 2004

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Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Fischer Gerd , Gemming Sibylle , Heine Thomas , Seifert Gotthard , Vietze Knut
Published: July 2004

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Nonthermal Effects of Microwaves in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Perreux Laurence , Loupy Andre
Published: July 2004

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Engineering and Prosthetic‐Group Modification of Myoglobin: Peroxidase Activity, Chemical Stability and Unfolding Properties.
Authors: Roncone Raffaella , Monzani Enrico , Nicolis Stefania , Casella Luigi
Published: July 2004

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Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative Damage and Oligomerization of the Amyloid‐β Peptide of Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Ali Feda E. A. , Barnham Kevin J. , Barrow Colin J. , Separovic Frances
Published: July 2004

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Technology of Cyanoacrylate Adhesives for Industrial Assembly
Authors: Repensek William G.
Published: July 2004

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Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Dillon K. B.
Published: July 2004

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Some “Reflections” on the Effects of Finite Gradient Pulse Lengths in PGSE NMR Experiments in Restricted Systems
Authors: Price William S. , Soederman Olle
Published: July 2004

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Diagnostic limitations in testicular cytopathology: To what extent is fine‐needle aspiration reliable for the diagnosis of epidermoid cyst of the testis?
Authors: Pérez‐Guillermo Miguel , García‐Solano José , Sánchez‐Sánchez Carlos , Montalbán‐Romero Socorro , Acosta‐Ortega Jesús
Published: July 2004

This article describes the cytologic and histologic findings of a epidermoid cyst of the testis diagnosed by means of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. The gross and cytologic features are creamy aspirate, squamous cells, squamae, and fragments of granulomatous tissue. The cytologic features are fairly typical and similar to those observed in cutaneous epidermoid cysts; however, in this setting, the differential diagnosis should be carried out mainly with teratoma and dermoid cysts. The patient's age and precise location of the mass are paramount in the differential diagnosis. We believe that FNA is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of testicular epidermoid cysts, but the differential diagnosis with dermoid cysts should be based on histology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:83–86. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of bilateral renal malakoplakia
Authors: Gupta Mamta , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Kumar Anant , Pandey Rakesh
Published: July 2004

Isolated bilateral renal malakoplakia in the absence of concomitant involvement of the urinary tract is a rare occurrence. We report imaging, cytologic, and histologic findings of such a case diagnosed initially by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. A 26‐yr‐old female presented with pain in the left flank, fever, anorexia, and weight loss for the past 2 mo. A left lumbar lump was palpable on physical examination. Imaging studies showed an enlarged nonfunctioning left kidney and a small lesion in the right kidney with preserved function. FNA from both kidneys yielded purulent material positive for E. coli on culture. The smears were inflammatory, with a predominance of neutrophilic polymorphs and numerous histiocytes along with some intracellular and extracellular Michaelis‐Guttman bodies, which were highlighted with the use of a PAS stain. Histology of the nephrectomy specimen showed ill‐defined nodules, composed of foamy histiocytes intermingled with neutrophils, plasma cells, and many variably sized concentric laminated bodies. The right‐side lesion resolved with the use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics in conjunction with ascorbic acid and bethanecol. When imaging studies are suggestive of a chronic inflammatory process, renal malakoplakia must always be considered in the differential diagnosis even if aspirated material shows a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The use of special stains like PAS, Von Kossa, and Perl's helps in reaching the correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:116–117. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma on pleural effusion cytology: Report of a case
Authors: Dettrick Andrew J. , Robertson Thomas , Morris Kirk L.
Published: July 2004

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare manifestation of myeloid leukemia and is even rarer as a primary presentation. Granulocytic sarcoma may affect any organ and has many modes of presentation. Diagnosis by cytology is possible as long as the diagnosis is considered. Diagnosis by cytology of body cavity effusion fluid has rarely been described. We present an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma in which pleural effusion was a part of the initial presentation. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion was able to make the definitive diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:126–128. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle sampling in malignant phyllodes tumors: Clinicopathologic study of 22 cases seen at the Institut Curie
Authors: Vladescu Teodora , Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal , Vielh Philippe
Published: July 2004

The preoperative cytological diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) is challenging due to the heterogeneity of its clinical, radiological, and morphological presentation. To better define the cytopathological characteristics of MPT, we reviewed 22 examples seen at the Institut Curie. The original cytologic diagnosis was benign breast tumor in four cases (18.2%), suspicious in seven cases (31.8%) (low‐grade phyllodes tumor in six cases needing histological evaluation, suspicious of sarcoma in one case), and malignant in 11 cases (50%). Smears were composed of different proportions of clusters of epithelial cells (68.2%), phyllodes fragments (31.8%), spindle cells within stromal tissue (31.8%), isolated spindle‐shaped or round cells (45.5%), and bipolar naked nuclei (22.7%). Giant cells and mitotic figures were also occasionally seen. The cytological findings on smears were correlated with histopathological observations. One of the difficulties to reach an accurate cytological diagnosis for MPT is the frequent overwhelming of clearly malignant sarcomatous cell by the presence of largely predominant clusters of epithelial cell. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:71–76. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma: Factors associated with negative and equivocal diagnoses
Authors: Hwang Sonya , Ioffe Olga , Lee Irene , Waisman Jerry , Cangiarella Joan , Simsir Aylin
Published: July 2004

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is associated with notoriously high rates of false negative and equivocal diagnoses. To identify causative factors, we reviewed the cytologic features of presurgical FNAB smears of ILC and correlated the cytologic findings with the number of passes, tumor size, mammographic findings, and the histologic characteristics of the tumor. Smear cellularity, presence of single intact epithelial cells, nuclear size, nuclear atypia, palpability of the tumor, and histologic type of ILC (classic versus nonclassic) were statistically significant in establishing an unequivocally positive diagnosis. We also found that the cytologic cellularity of the lesion does not reflect the actual cellularity of the tumor but instead is an indicator of the architectural arrangement of the neoplastic cells; tumors that form epithelial cell groups, such as in nonclassic ILC, tend to yield more cellular aspirates that are diagnostic for carcinoma. In contrast, classic ILC, in which single neoplastic cells are embedded in fibrous stroma, is more likely to yield a paucicellular smear with subtle atypia and rare single intact epithelial cells. As such, an inconclusive diagnosis in a certain percentage of classic ILC cases may be unavoidable. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:87–93. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyst fluid analysis for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Ryu Ji Kon , Woo Sang Myung , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Jeong Ji Bong , Yoon Yong Bum , Park In Ae , Han Joon Koo , Kim Yong‐Tae
Published: July 2004

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms comprise a pathologically heterogeneous group with many shared clinical features. We assessed the reliability of cyst fluid analysis for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Cyst fluid was obtained by fine‐needle aspiration from 78 pancreatic cysts. The lesions studied consisted of 17 mucinous cystic tumors (MCTs), 13 serous cystadenomas (SCAs), 5 solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs), 8 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMTs), 6 ductal adenocarcinomas (ACAs) with cystic degeneration, and 29 pseudocysts (PCs). Epithelial cells were observed in 27 (81%) of 33 successful aspirates of cystic neoplasms. Cytologic diagnosis was possible in 5 (31%) out of 16 MCTs. Mucicarmine staining was positive in five out of nine MCTs, one out of one ACA, and one out of two IPMTs, but in none of the SCAs, SPTs, or PCs. Cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of more than 467 ng/mL had a 87% sensitivity and a 98% specificity for detecting MCTs, and amylase levels of more than 479 U/L had a 73% sensitivity and a 90% specificity for detecting PCs. In conclusion, cyst fluid analysis for cytology, mucin staining, CEA, and amylase levels are useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:100–105. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathology of chalazia
Authors: Dhaliwal Upreet , Arora Vinod K. , Singh Navjeevan , Bhatia Arati
Published: July 2004

Chalazion is a common inflammatory condition of the eyelid, usually treated on the basis of clinical diagnosis alone. Preoperative exclusion of malignancy in chalazia with atypical clinical presentation could prevent unwarranted surgery. This is a retrospective study of aspirates from 16 patients with chalazia having an atypical clinical presentation. Smears were stained with May‐Grünwald Giemsa. Two broad patterns of granulomatous inflammation reflecting the spectrum of changes in the course of the disease were seen. Nine smears had mixed‐cell granulomas consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, giant cells, and granulation tissue. Seven smears had suppurating granulomas characterized by epithelioid cell granulomas with numerous neutrophils in a proteinaceous background. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of chalazia with atypical clinical presentation provides a rapid, safe, and reliable means of documenting the diagnosis and excluding malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:118–122. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.