bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUK PAKAN BURUNG PADA IKM SINAR MAS MALANG DENGAN METODE SWOT DAN FMEA
Authors: Susanto Andrianus Herman , Purnomo  , Novenda Kartika Putrianto
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk merancang strategi pemasaran dan meningkatkan kualitas produksi pakan burung pada IKM Sinar Mas. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode SWOT dan FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). IKM(industri kecil menengah) memiliki permasalahan selama menghadapi pandemi seperti saat ini yaitu covid-19, maka dari itu akan dilakukan perbaikan agar dapat mempertahankan pemasaran dan meningkatkan kualitas produk supaya bisa untuk meningkatkan jumlah penjualan produk yaitu dengan melakukan perbaikan dalam hal strategi pemasaran dan kualitas produk. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dari metode SWOT dan FMEA, maka akan mendapatkan hasil usulan alternatif strategi pemasaran yang mampu untuk mendukung kelangsungan bagi IKM terlebih dengan kondisi yang sekarang tengah dihadapi oleh semua para pelaku usaha IKM. Dalam menggumpulkan data akan menggunakan metode wawancara dan kuesioner, lalu akan dilakukan pengambilan data IKM selama 1 tahun terakhir dari bulan April 2021 hingg bulan April 2022. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menetapkan bauran pemasaran, merancang strategi pemasaran yang sesuai dengan konidisi yang dihadapi oleh IKM Sinar Mas pada saat ini pandemi covid-19, dan merancang usulan perbaikan yang tepat untuk mengaplikasikan metode FMEA pada kualitas produk IKM Sinar Mas. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan strategi alternatif untuk pemasaran dan usulan perbaikan yang bisa diimplementasikan ke IKM Sinar Mas.
MANAJEMEN RISIKO RANTAI PASOK BAHAN BAKU FAST MOVING PADA PT. INKOR BOLA PASIFIC MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE DAN METODE HOUSE OF RISK
Authors: Renata Viviana Immyawahyu  , Teguh Oktiarso
Published: November 2022

Pada proses aktivitas rantai pasok bahan baku di PT. Inkor Bola Pasific, ditemukan beberapa masalah. Adapun permasalah tersebut meliputi menumpuknya stok bahan baku di gudang, pemakaian bahan tidak lolos uji, hingga terlambatnya proses produksi. Mengingat aktivitas antar pihak yang kurang maksimal, dibutuhkan identifikasi dan analisis risiko untuk menemukan potensi risiko pada setiap masalah agar perusahaan dapat mencegah risiko. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan model Supply Chain Operation Reference untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dan agen risiko. Agen risiko selanjutnya akan dianalisis menggunakan metode House of Risk untuk mencari strategi mitigasinya. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya 17 risiko dan 13 agen risiko. Terdapat 9 agen risiko yang terpilih yang selanjutnya akan lanjut ke HOR fase 2 untuk dicari strategi mitigasinya. Strategi mitigasi yang diperoleh setelah HOR fase 2 adalah sebanyak 12 strategi. Dengan adanya pengelolaan risiko dan strategi mitigasi, PT. Inkor Bola Pasific diharapkan dapat lebih siap dalam menghadapi risiko serta potensi risiko
Haemangioma: A Review of the Literature and an Unusual Case Report
Authors: Kumar Ajaya
Published: November 2022

Haemangiomas are benign tumours growing by vascular endothelial hyperplasia, commonly occurring in females. The main types diagnosed in children are infantile haemangioma and congenital haemangioma, and these can also be found: in the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, intramuscularly, in vertebrae, intradurally, calvarially, and in the skull base. They can cause functional impairment, high output cardiac failure, and consumption coagulopathy, with current treatment options of corticosteroids, propranolol, embolisation, surgery, and laser treatment. Following a brief review of the literature, a rare case of a calvarial lesion is conveyed. A 57-year-old man presented with a right frontal parasagittal swelling and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed a lesion with a ‘honeycomb’ appearance. It was excised and the histopathological report received described the lesion as an intraosseous cavernous haemangioma.
The Main Neonatal Dermatological Findings: A Review
Authors: Pereira Reginatto Flavia
Published: November 2022

Background: The neonatal period is a phase of adaptation during which several skin conditions can develop. Most of these findings characterise the newborn’s skin, such as lanugo, erythema of the skin, and vernix caseous.

Objective: To describe the most common neonatal dermatological findings and classify them as transient neonatal skin conditions, congenital birthmarks, benign neonatal pustuloses, naevi lesions, and skin malformations.

Discussion: Skin changes are very common in neonates and span a vast range of conditions. This demonstrates the importance of good knowledge and awareness of newborn skin.
Rewriting Medical Textbooks: The Kidney as a Window to the Heart – The Role of Sodium–Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular and Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Taylor Jennifer
Published: November 2022

This symposium took place during the 2019 meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Focussing on the kidney as a window to the heart, the speakers discussed connections between the kidney and the heart, potential mechanisms, and the role of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patient management. Prof De Nicola set the scene with projected numbers of patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Prof DeFronzo gave a description of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria as a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the Steno hypothesis linking impaired vascular endothelial dysfunction with vascular leakage of albumin. He concluded his talk by describing why patients with CKD are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prof Groop provided insights into the mechanisms of renal protection by SLGT2 inhibitors. He explained the ‘tubular hypothesis’, whereby SLGT2 inhibitors correct glomerular hypertension by inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Prof Perkovic highlighted data from randomised controlled trials which enhanced understanding of the potential effects that might be achieved with SLGT2 inhibitors. The meeting concluded with a lively discussion between panel members and the audience.
Comparative Analysis of Microstructure and Collision Performance of TWB Hot Stamped Parts with Various Strength Combinations
Authors: Lee Chang Wook , Hwang Yeonjung , Heo Uk , Yoo Byung Gil , Yoo Ji Hong , Kim Taejeong , Yoon Kwang Min
Published: November 2022

Hot stamping technology has been steadily developed because it provides both excellent formability and high strength. With the development of TWB hot stamping technology, it is now possible to freely apply the required strength and thickness in the right place. In this study, the microstructure and collision performance of TWB hot stamped parts were evaluated according to their combined strength. Through dilatometry analysis, the hot stamping heat treatment temperatures of 22MnB5 steel and 30MnB5 steel were set at 950 oC and 870 oC. The 5MnB8 steel was composed of Bainite + Martensite when heat-treated at 950 oC and provided a strength of 980 MPa grade. When heat-treated at 870 oC, it was composed of Ferrite + Bainite + Martensite and provided a strength of 780 MPa grade. Simulated rear impact testing showed the 30MnB5- 5MnB8 TWB combination had the best performance, because the 5MnB8 part of the 780 MPa grade absorbed enough energy and the 30MnB5 part of the 1.8 GPa grade fully served as an anti-intrusion.
Evaluation of Tensile Properties and Microstructure of a Scraped Gas Turbine Blade using Miniature Specimens
Authors: Kim Youngdae , He Yinsheng , Bang Jiye , Jung Jinesung
Published: November 2022

A gas turbine (GT) blade is a key hot-pass component for advanced GT engines, and should have stable properties under extreme conditions of 1,350°C and 3,600rpm, etc. The GT blade, after operating with nearly 800 equivalent start-stops (ES) or 24,000 equivalent operation hours (EOH), should be replaced due to degradation of properties and microstructure, particularly, the formation of cracks in the airfoil tip and platform region. To date, the assessment of materials, prototype blade, etc, has been extensively studied in a laboratory simulated environment; however, evaluation of the full-scale blades in a service environment has been rarely reported. Here, the properties and microstructures of an F-class GT first stage blade, with a service history of 800ES were investigated. The results showed decreasing tensile properties at the airfoil part due to its higher temperature exposure. The microstructural characterization results revealed that the finer grain size and dendrite interfaces facilitated the formation of Cr-enriched M23C6 along grain boundaries, as well as the spherical γ' in the airfoil part, resulting in a decrease in tensile properties. The results obtained here provide precious background for assessing the serviced blade and developing advanced blades.
The role of the parties in mangrove ecosystem recovery in Juntinyuat Coast, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Muhamad , Priatna Dolly , Istiadi Yossa
Published: November 2022

Coastal abrasion is a problem that needs to be addressed thoroughly. If not properly managed, coastal abrasion can lead to other environmental issues, such as damage to mangroves and coastal ecosystems. The local government is actively carrying out mangrove ecosystem restoration program to conserve the coastal ecology by involving related agencies, industries, and the community surrounding the Juntinyuat coastal area. The focus of this research is to find out the planning, implementation, and monitoring carried out in relation to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem based on the involvement of the parties in overcoming coastal abrasion on the coast of Juntinyuat, Indramayu Regency, West Java. Data were collected by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation to the community and the parties involved in restoring the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast. The results showed that mangrove ecosystem damage in the coastal area of Juntinyuat generates a high level of abrasion. The damage caused by abrasion threatens settlements, ponds, and agricultural land, as well as threatens the gas and oil pipelines of Pertamina Gas in the West Java operation area (Pertagas OWJA). There is a relationship between the critical condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Juntinyuat coastal area and the initiation of efforts to restore the mangrove ecosystem. The initiation of mangrove ecosystem restoration arose from the critical condition of mangroves, which necessitates careful planning to restore damaged mangrove conditions. Related parties concerned with the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem subsequently coordinate to plan the mangrove ecosystem restoration program on the Juntinyuat coast. The mangrove ecosystem restoration was conducted after an initial survey in mid-2014. The role of the parties in planning, implementing, and monitoring the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem is running well and maximally with a clear division of duties and responsibilities. Currently, the results of the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast can be felt together with the denser mangrove cover, reducing the abrasion impact, and making it a mangrove ecotourism area. In the future, it is necessary to form a coordinating team for the strategy of mangrove ecosystem management at the regency and sub-district levels to synergize policies and programs for managing mangrove ecosystems. Empowerment activities need to be carried out intensively to encourage a change in the role of mangrove management.
The illegal trade of the Sumatran serow Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis for traditional medicine in Indonesia
Authors: Shepherd Chris R , Gomez Lalita , Rachmayuningtyas Biofagri A
Published: November 2022

Mainland serow are in decline in Southeast Asia with poaching for illegal trade being a major driver. In Indonesia, where this species is found only on the island of Sumatra, the illegal wildlife trade is widespread and impacts numerous species and it is therefore not surprising to find serow in trade. Using seizure and prosecution data from 2014 to 2021, a total of 13 seizure records were obtained, involving an estimated minimum of 32 mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis). While legislation is in place in Indonesia to protect serow from poaching and illegal trade, meaningful penalties are seldom handed down. In an absence of effective deterrents, illegal trade will continue to be a threat to the conservation of this species.Kambing hutan daratan utama mengalami penurunan di Asia Tenggara yang mana perburuan untuk perdagangan ilegal menjadi pendorong utama. Di Indonesia, di mana spesies ini hanya ditemukan di Pulau Sumatra, perdagangan satwa liar secara ilegal terjadi dimana-mana dan berdampak pada banyak spesies, oleh karena itu tidak mengherankan jika ditemukan kambing hutan dalam perdagangan ilegal tersebut. Dengan menggunakan data penyitaan dan penuntutan mulai tahun 2014 hingga 2021, diperoleh total 13 catatan penyitaan, dengan perkiraan minimal terdapat 32 ekor kambing hutan (Capricornis sumatraensis). Meski undang-undang telah ada di Indonesia untuk melindungi kambing hutan dari perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal, namun hukuman yang dijatuhkan jarang sepadan. Tanpa adanya pencegahan yang efektif, perdagangan ilegal akan terus menjadi ancaman bagi upaya pelestarian spesies ini.
Solar System Wave Packet
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: November 2022

Here, we show that, probably, the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of Earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅0=π/6, is the reason for Titius-Bode Law (TBL). In this article we obtain the equation of this wave packet. In this article we prove that without Solar System Wave Packet (SSWP), it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system. Here we show that the nebular theory (or nebular hypothesis) without SSWP theory is an incomplete theory. The distribution of Asteroids in the Asteroid belt is ring-shaped. In this Article we prove that this annular shape can be explained by SSWP theory.
KESULITAN BELAJAR MEMBACA DALAM PENERAPAN K13 PESERTA DIDIK KELAS I SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nopitasari  , Amir Hakim
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems of students' learning difficulties in reading skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. This research was conducted at SDN 07 Parak Juar Batusangkar. The students in class I consist of 30 people, so the sampling used is purposive sampling. The data collection instrument in this study was the researcher himself (human instrument). With data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques that have been collected in this study, consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study were obtained that learning difficulties faced by students, namely students did not know and were able to memorize all the letters of the alphabet so that reading difficulties were caused by internal and external factors. Internal factors are physical factors, interests, and motivation. While external factors are from the teacher due to ineffective classroom management and curriculum that used by school canâ€™t applied well, then factors from family is the lack of support for children at home. In this study, it can be concluded that the factors that cause learning difficulties for elementary school 1st class learners are not yet recognizing alphabetical letters and have not been able to distinguish letters so that when reading learners are still confused and make mistakes.
Dynamics of Publication Activity in Russian Sociological Research in Comparison with Trends in Russian and World Science: Results of WoS Bibliometric Analysis for 1993—2020
Authors: Libkind Aleksandr , Rubvalter Dmitry , Libkind Ilya , Markusova Valentina
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The dynamics of Russian sociology research are analyzed for the period of 1993—2020. Methods. The sources of information for the study were three databases on the Web of Science platform: SSCI, SCI-E, and A&HCI. The main method of research was bibliometric analy­sis. Results and Discussion. The percentage of publications in sociology among the social sciences in the world as a whole has gradually declined over the 28-year period: from 4.7 % in 1993 to 2.3 % in 2020. The decline in the same indicator for Russian publications began only in 2008. It should be noted that this indicator is significantly higher than that for the world as a whole: the average percentage of publications in sociol­ogy for the entire period for the world was 3.2 %, for Russia — 16.4 %. The percentage of the world's Open Access publications in sociology is lower than that for the social sciences as a whole, but the growth rate is very high: 1.7 % in 1993 and 34.1 % in 2020. In the case of Rus­sian sociology publications, the Open Access system has only become relatively active in 2013. In 2020, the total percentage of such publi­cations was 7.9 %. Two approaches were used to define the thematic range of sociology research and the level of sociology's connection to other scientific fields. One is based on identifying publications that are common to two of the scientific fields under study, the other involves on identifying publications that were simultaneously cited in different scientific fields. Application of these approaches demonstrated that the second approach, as compared with the first, allowed to reveal much more extensive thematic connections of sociology with other scientific directions. At the same time, the application of rank correlation methods showed that the results obtained using these two different approaches are characterized by a sufficient degree of consistency. Conclusion. The data obtained on the percentage of publications in sociology in national and world science can be used by various state and public structures in the development of scientific policy in the field of social sciences. Data on sociology's connections with other disciplines and their quantitative characteristics can serve as background material for subsequent quali­tative (substantive) analysis of these connections.
Development of Measures for the Development of a Branch Publication (Based on the Example of the "Water Sector of Russia: Problems, Technologies, Management" Journal)
Authors: Valek Natalia
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The need to develop a set of measures for the development of a scientific trade journal in the current dynamic conditions in scientif­ic policy, aimed at optimizing and improving the effectiveness of scientific publications, has been substantiated. Methods. A comparative analysis of data from the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) was carried out. The proposed set of measures is based on a systematic approach that takes into account the "external" environment and "internal" characteris­tics of the publication. Results and Discussion. A set of measures aimed at increasing (in accordance with Russian and international publishing stand­ards) the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the journal "Water Sec­tor of Russia: Problems, Technologies, Management," the development of communication and expansion of the publication's representation in the academic community is proposed. The need to work with bibliometric in­dicators has been argued. The problem of the interdisciplinary particular­ities of hydroeconomic journals is emphasized. Conclusion. The journal faces the challenge of both maintaining its identity and meeting the re­quirements dictated by publishing standards and international constraints. If the proposed measures implemented, there is the possibility of a pro­gressive change in the publication, taking it to a qualitatively new level.
National Scientific Information Infrastructure: Problems, Tasks and Prospects
Authors: Guskov Andrey , Karaush Aleksandr , Menshchikov lya , Shkolin Andrei , Nedelskiy Vitaly , Sabirov Denis , Shchukin Timur
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Large volumes of scientific data and the development of the Data-Driven Science paradigm create a need for fundamentally new tools with which to work with information and conduct scientific communication. The emergence of such tools is only possible given the prerequisite technological foundation – a well-developed digital infrastructure for the storage and exchange of a large variety of scientific data, intended for use not only by researchers but also by software agents. The article analyzes the problems in the established practices of scientific information management in Russia and the existing barriers that prevent the creation of a new generation of tools. Overcoming them is a very complex and large-scale task, due to the diversity of actors involved in scientific information, the types of scientific information, the specificity of various subject areas, and other factors. To do so, we need a Strategy for the Development of a National Scientific Information Infrastructure, a set of systemic changes in the standards and practices for working with scientific information which will affect a significant part of the scientific community. Results and Discussion. The main provisions of the Strategy are formulated, including the goal, objectives and principles of development, its main mission (creating an environment for the formation of value chains of scientific information) and key results – new highly intelligent services for informational support of various types of scientific activity. Conclusion. The implementation of the proposed Strategy should result in new highly intelligent services offering informational support for various types of scientific activity; development of digital competencies among researchers; a significant increase in the use of scientific content; development of the market for scientific information services; improvements in the system of division of scientific labor.
Temporal changes in the fecal microbiome and blood metabolites of early neonatal calves
Authors: Kojima Miyu , Liu Hong , Takemoto Satoshi , Suda Yoshihito , Inoue Ryo , Watanabe Gen , Jin Wanzhu , Nagaoka Kentaro
Published: November 2022

The initial colonization and early development of the intestinal microbiome are important stages in the growth of calves during pre-weaning. This study investigated temporal changes in the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota, focusing on the first 2 weeks after birth, with the aim of identifying intestinal bacteria and blood metabolites that are associated with calf diarrhea. In this study, 10 calves were fed colostrum on day 0 after birth, whole milk from days 2 to 5, and milk replacer from day 6. Six calves showed mild diarrhea in the second week (i.e., from day 8 to 14). We observed dramatic changes in the development of the fecal microbiome from day 2 to 14 and found several bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus and Collinsella, changing significantly in abundance during the milk transition (i.e., from day 4 to 10). In investigating whether there is an association between the microbiome and the milk transition, we found the level of hypotaurine and D-xylose to be significantly higher in whole milk from days 4 and 5 than in milk replacer. A comparison of four healthy calves and six diarrheal calves revealed that the diarrheal calves had a low abundance of Collinsella on day 10. Furthermore, we explored plasma metabolites statistically correlated with the change of fecal Collinsella and found a high level of dimethylglycine in healthy calves. Taken together, these findings suggest a possible link between temporary changes in the fecal microbiome and neonatal diarrhea during the milk transition in calves.
Recent advances in PLLA-based biomaterial scaffolds for neural tissue engineering: Fabrication, modification, and applications
Authors: Dai Yuan , Lu Tingwei , Shao Minghao , Lyu Feizhou
Published: November 2022

Repairing and regenerating injured neural tissue remains a worldwide challenge. Tissue engineering (TE) has been highlighted as a potential solution to provide functional substitutes for damaged organs or tissue. Among the biocompatible and biodegradable materials, poly-L-lactic-acid (PLLA) has been widely investigated in the TE field because of its tunable mechanical properties and tailorable surface functionalization. PLLA-based biomaterials can be engineered as scaffolds that mimic neural tissue extracellular matrix and modulate inflammatory responses. With technological advances, PLLA-based scaffolds can also have well-controlled three-dimensional sizes and structures to facilitate neurite extension. Furthermore, PLLA-based scaffolds have the potential to be used as drug-delivery carriers with controlled release. Moreover, owing to the good piezoelectric properties and capacity to carry conductive polymers, PLLA-based scaffolds can be combined with electrical stimulation to maintain stemness and promote axonal guidance. This mini-review summarizes and discusses the fabrication and modification techniques utilized in the PLLA-based biomaterial scaffolds for neural TE. Recent applications in peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration are also presented, and it is hoped that this will guide the future development of more effective and multifunctional PLLA-based nerve scaffolds.
tRNA abundance, modification and fragmentation in nasopharyngeal swabs as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity
Authors: Katanski Christopher D. , Alshammary Hala , Watkins Christopher P. , Huang Sihao , Gonzales-Reiche Ana , Sordillo Emilia Mia , van Bakel Harm ,   Mount Sinai PSP study group, Lolans Karen , Simon Viviana , Pan Tao
Published: November 2022

Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viruses can spread rapidly and cause pandemics as demonstrated by the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The early human immune responses to respiratory viruses are in the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal regions. Defining biomarkers of disease trajectory at the time of a positive diagnostic test would be an important tool to facilitate decisions such as initiation of antiviral treatment. We hypothesize that nasopharyngeal tRNA profiles could be used to predict Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) severity. We carried out multiplex small RNA sequencing (MSR-seq) on residual nasopharyngeal swabs to measure simultaneously full-length tRNA abundance, tRNA modifications, and tRNA fragmentation for the human tRNA response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified distinct tRNA signatures associated with mild symptoms versus severe COVID-19 manifestations requiring hospitalization. These results highlight the utility of host tRNA properties as biomarkers for the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2.
Elevated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 along with left atrium hypertrophy predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Authors: Sun Weiping , Li Haiwei , Wang Zefeng , Li Qin , Wen Haichu , Wu Yongquan , Du Jie
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to establish a model that predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation using clinical risk factors and biomarkers. We used a prospective cohort study, including 230 consecutive persistent AF patients successfully treated with catheter ablation from January 2019 to December 2020 in our hospital. AF recurrence was followed-up after catheter ablation, and clinical risk factors and biomarkers for AF recurrence were analyzed. AF recurred after radiofrequency ablation in 72 (31%) patients. Multiple multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and left atrium diameter (LAd) were closely associated with AF recurrence. The prediction model constructed by combining TIMP-1 and LAd effectively predicted AF recurrence. Additionally, the model’s performance discrimination, accuracy, and calibration were confirmed through internal validation using bootstrap resampling (1,000 times). The model showed good fitting (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness chi-square 3.76138, p = 0.926) and had a superior discrimination ability (the area under the receiver operation characteristic curve0.917; 95% CI 0.882–0.952). The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted probability and the actual probability. Moreover, the decision curve analysis (DCA) showed the clinical useful of the nomogram. In conclusion, our predictive model based on serum TIMP-1 and LAd levels could predict AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Role of microRNAs in the regulation of blood-brain barrier function in ischemic stroke and under hypoxic conditions in vitro
Authors: Sun Aili , Blecharz-Lang Kinga G. , Małecki Andrzej , Meybohm Patrick , Nowacka-Chmielewska Marta M. , Burek Malgorzata
Published: November 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized structure that separates the brain from the blood and allows the exchange of molecules between these two compartments through selective channels. The breakdown of the BBB is implicated in the development of severe neurological diseases, especially stroke and traumatic brain injury. Oxygen-glucose deprivation is used to mimic stroke and traumatic brain injury in vitro. Pathways that trigger BBB dysfunction include an imbalance of oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, iron metabolism, cytokine release, cell injury, and cell death. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and are emerging as biomarkers for the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In this review, the regulatory role of potential microRNA biomarkers and related therapeutic targets on the BBB is discussed. A thorough understanding of the potential role of various cellular and linker proteins, among others, in the BBB will open further therapeutic options for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Among underserved children, behavioral self-regulation most consistently predicts early elementary teachers’ ratings of overall social–emotional learning
Authors: Cameron Claire E. , Kim Helyn , Doromal Justin B.
Published: November 2022

The need for strengths-based perspectives on how children develop social–emotional learning (SEL) is especially pronounced in the context of research conducted with communities challenged by few resources and a history of oppression. This study included 313 underserved, primarily Black children who were assessed with several SEL building block measures at kindergarten entry. Specifically, we asked which SEL building blocks contributed to longitudinal teacher ratings of overall SEL on the Devereux Strengths and Skills Assessment (DESSA), collected four times during kindergarten and first grade. In separate models accounting for classroom membership, multiple kindergarten-entry SEL building blocks, including theory of mind, emotion, and situational knowledge, explained variance in teacher perceptions of children’s overall SEL at various time points after controlling for working memory and expressive vocabulary. In a single model that included all kindergarten-entry SEL building blocks, behavioral self-regulation most consistently predicted teachers’ overall SEL ratings over time. Even so, other SEL building blocks including theory of mind and emotion and situational knowledge should not be discounted because they also predicted variance in teacher-rated SEL at individual time points. A major implication of this study points to the importance of directly assessing building blocks of SEL at kindergarten entry, especially behavioral self-regulation, to effectively support children from underserved communities.
The effects of human care on the blowhole and gut microbiotas of two cohabiting dolphin species based on a year-round surveillance
Authors: Wan Xiaoling , Li Jia , Tian Renmao , McLaughlin Richard William , Hao Yujiang , Wu Junyi , Wang Zhengyang , Fan Fei , Wang Ding , Zheng Jinsong
Published: November 2022

Understanding the effects of human care on the dynamics of the host-associated microbiota is critical for the health management of dolphins living in an aquarium. Yet this aspect remains relatively unexplored. Here, by utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we profiled the blowhole and gut bacterial communities of two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and a Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis) reared in the same indoor pool, based on year-round surveillance. In addition, we compared these dolphin microbiotas with those previously published datasets from wild dolphins. Our results showed that both the blowhole and the gut of the two dolphin species under human care shared a more similar microbiome than members of the same dolphin species across different habitats (human care vs wild). However, the effects of human care on the dolphin microbiome from the two body sites varied. In the aquarium, bacterial alpha diversities differed significantly between the two body sites, and the seasonal stability of the bacterial community was more evident in the gut than in the blowhole. Additionally, the blowhole bacterial composition and the predicted functional capacity from the two dolphin species showed differences and were less convergent than their gut microbiota over a decade-long cohabitation. Further analyses showed that heterogeneous and homogeneous selections (i.e., deterministic processes) contributed more to the blowhole than to the gut bacterial communities, while a dispersal limitation (i.e., a stochastic process) was more important for the gut microbiota. The present study provides the first comparative evidence that the gut microbiota may be more plastic in response to the human care environment than the blowhole microbiota. This improves our understanding of dolphin health management under human care and helps to predict their microbial responses to environmental changes.
Behavioral and transcriptomic changes in butenolide treated larvae of the cosmopolitan fouling bryozoan Bugulina (Bugula) neritina
Authors: Liang Jin-You , Cheng Yi-Fan , Huang Xiao-Lin , Xu Ying , Wong Yue Him , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

The arborescent bryozoanBugulina neritinais a cosmopolitan fouling species in sub-tropical to sub-temperate waters. The butenolide compound 5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one (hereafter named butenolide) reportedly inhibits larval settlement ofB. neritina, but its effect on the larval behavioral and transcriptomic responses remained unclear. We report that 10 μg mL-1or higher concentration of butenolide and/or prolonged treatment (10 h or longer) resulted in significant increase in larval mortality and prominent spiral larval swimming behavior. The transcriptomic analyses not only revealed up-regulation of typical stress-related protein genes in response to 10 mg mL-1butenolide treatment, but also indicated up-regulation ofmucin, synaptic genes and nitric oxide signaling genes. In addition, the expression of developmental genes and lipid biosynthesis genes were also affected. Overall, our larval behavior and transcriptome analyses reflected the impact of butenolide on the metabolism, neuronal and molecular signaling inB. neritinalarvae.
Sex-disaggregated population analysis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Sabat Robert , Tsaousi Athanasia , Ghoreschi Kamran , Wolk Kerstin , Schneider-Burrus Sylke
Published: November 2022

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which affects both sexes.

Objectives

Identification of sex-specific risk factors, comorbidity, clinical manifestations, and treatments in HS patients.

Methods

A non-interventional, cross-sectional, mono-centric study with 500 HS patients. All patients were examined by dermatologists. Prospectively collected demographic, anamnestic, clinical data, and blood parameters were evaluated.

Results

There were no significant differences in age at HS onset and in disease duration between female and male patients. Furthermore, no differences regarding the family history for HS were found between sexes. Regarding further risk factors for HS, central obesity was more frequent in women while extensive cigarette smoking and acne vulgaris were more commonly found among male patients. Regarding comorbidity, lower HDL-levels were significantly more frequent in men. Female patients were found to suffer significantly more often from back pain, especially in the neck/shoulder region and lower back. Analyzing the clinical manifestation of HS, the groin was more frequently involved in women and the axillae in men. Women showed a higher number of skin sites with inflammatory nodules, whereas fistulas were observed more frequently in men. Nevertheless, there was no difference in HS treatment applied to female vs. male patients.

Limitations

Data were obtained from a mono-centric study.

Conclusion

Significant differences in HS risk factors, comorbidity, and clinical manifestation exist between female and male patients. Thus, sex-specific differences should be taken into account in the prevention as well as medical and surgical treatment of HS patients.
Validation of a five-level triage system in pediatric trauma and the effectiveness of triage nurse modification: A multi-center cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Tien-Tien , Cheng Chi-Tung , Hsu Chih-Po , Chaou Chung-Hsien , Ng Chip-Jin , Jeng Mei-Jy , Chang Yu-Che
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Triage is one of the most important tasks for nurses in a modern emergency department (ED) and it plays a critical role in pediatric trauma. An appropriate triage system can improve patient outcomes and decrease resource wasting. However, triage systems for pediatric trauma have not been validated worldwide. To ensure clinical reliability, nurses are allowed to override the acuity level at the end of the routine triage process. This study aimed to validate the Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS) for pediatric trauma and evaluate the effectiveness of triage nurse modification.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzing triage data of all pediatric trauma patients who visited six EDs across Taiwan from 2015 to 2019. Each patient was triaged by a well-trained nurse and assigned an acuity level. Triage nurses can modify their acuity based on their professional judgment. The primary outcome was the predictive performance of TTAS for pediatric trauma, including hospitalization, ED length of stay, emergency surgery, and costs. The secondary outcome was the accuracy of nurse modification and the contributing factors. Multivariate regression was used for data analysis. The Akaike information criterion and C-statistics were utilized to measure the prediction performance of TTAS.

Results

In total, 45,364 pediatric patients were included in this study. Overall mortality, hospitalization, and emergency surgery rates were 0.17, 5.4, and 0.76%, respectively. In almost all cases (97.48%), the triage nurses agreed upon the original scale. All major outcomes showed a significant positive correlation with the upgrade of acuity levels in TTAS in pediatric trauma patients. After nurse modification, the Akaike information criterion decreased and C-statistics increased, indicating better prediction performance. The factors contributing to this modification were being under 6 years of age, heart rate, respiratory rate, and primary location of injuries.

Conclusion

The TTAS is a reliable triage tool for pediatric trauma patients. Modification by well-experienced triage nurses can enhance its prediction performance. Younger age, heart rate, respiratory rate, and primary location of injuries contributed to modifications of the triage nurse. Further external validation is required to determine its role in pediatric trauma worldwide.
Acinetobacter baumannii complex-caused bloodstream infection in ICU during a 12-year period: Predicting fulminant sepsis by interpretable machine learning
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Xiaojun , Zheng Xia
Published: November 2022

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii complex-caused bloodstream infection (ABCBSI) is a potentially fatal infection in intensive care units (ICUs). This study proposed an interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict ABCBSI fulminant fatality.

Methods

A retrospective study of ICU patients with ABCBSI was performed in China from 2009 to 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups: those that suffered from fulminant sepsis and died within 48 h, and those that survived for more than 48 h. The clinical score systems and ML models with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) were used to develop the prediction models. The ML model was internally validated with five-fold cross-validation, and its performance was assessed using seven typical evaluation indices. The top 20 features ranked by the SHAP scores were also calculated.

Results

Among 188 ICU patients with ABCBSI, 53 were assigned to the non-survival group and 135 to the survival group. The XGBoost model exhibited the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), which outperformed other models (logistic regression, AUC = 0.914; support vector machine, AUC = 0.895; random forest, AUC = 0.972; and naive Bayesian, AUC = 0.908) and clinical scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), AUC = 0.855; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), AUC = 0.837). It also had a sensitivity of 0.868, a specificity of 0.970, an accuracy of 0.941, a positive predictive value of 0.920, a negative predictive value of 0.949, and an F1 score of 0.893. As well as identifying the top 12 different important predictors that contribute to early mortality, it also assessed their quantitative contribution and noteworthy thresholds.

Conclusion

Based on the XGBoost model, early mortality in ABCBSI is estimated to be more reliable than other models and clinical scores. The 12 most important features with corresponding thresholds were identified and more importantly, the SHAP method can be used to interpret this predictive model and support individual patient treatment strategies.
Very Preterm Children Gut Microbiota Comparison at the Neonatal Period of 1 Month and 3.5 Years of Life
Authors: Toubon Gaël , Butel Marie-José , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Lepage Patricia , Delannoy Johanne , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Charles Marie-Aline , Aires Julio ,   for the EPIFLORE Study Group
Published: November 2022

Prematurity is a risk factor for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to particular birth conditions and frequent prolonged hospitalization of neonates. Although gut microbiota colonization after birth and its establishment during the hospitalization period have been studied in preterm infants, data on gut microbiota following discharge, particularly during early childhood, are scarce. The present study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota at 1 month after birth (hospitalization period) and 3.5 years of age in 159 preterm children belonging to the French EPIFLORE prospective observational cohort study. Analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the gut microbiota of preterm neonates at 1 month was highly variable and characterized by six distinct enterotypes. In contrast, the gut microbiota of the same children at 3.5 years of age showed less variability, with only two discrete enterotypes. An absence of association between enterotypes at 1 month and 3.5 years of age was observed. While the alpha diversity of gut microbiota significantly increased between 1 month and 3.5 years of age, for both alpha and beta diversities, there was no correlation between the 1-month and 3.5-years time points. Comparison at 3.5 years between children born either preterm (n = 159) or full-term (n = 200) showed no differences in terms of enterotypes, but preterm children harbored a lower Shannon diversity index and a different overall composition of microbiota than full-term children. This study suggests that the characteristics of the early gut microbiota of preterm children are not predictive of the microbial community composition at 3.5 years of age. However, the impact of gestational age is still noticeable on the gut microbiota up to 3.5 years of age.
Do small RNAs unlock the below ground microbiome-plant interaction mystery?
Authors: Regmi Roshan , Penton C. Ryan , Anderson Jonathan , Gupta Vadakattu V. S. R.
Published: November 2022

Over the past few decades, regulatory RNAs, such as small RNAs (sRNAs), have received increasing attention in the context of host-microbe interactions due to their diverse roles in controlling various biological processes in eukaryotes. In addition, studies have identified an increasing number of sRNAs with novel functions across a wide range of bacteria. What is not well understood is why cells regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms rather than at the initiation of transcription. The finding of a multitude of sRNAs and their identified associated targets has allowed further investigation into the role of sRNAs in mediating gene regulation. These foundational data allow for further development of hypotheses concerning how a precise control of gene activity is accomplished through the combination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Recently, sRNAs have been reported to participate in interkingdom communication and signalling where sRNAs originating from one kingdom are able to target or control gene expression in another kingdom. For example, small RNAs of fungal pathogens that silence plant genes and vice-versa plant sRNAs that mediate bacterial gene expression. However, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding sRNA-based inter-kingdom signalling across more than two interacting organisms. A habitat that provides an excellent opportunity to investigate interconnectivity is the plant rhizosphere, a multifaceted ecosystem where plants and associated soil microbes are known to interact. In this paper, we discuss how the interconnectivity of bacteria, fungi, and plants within the rhizosphere may be mediated by bacterial sRNAs with a particular focus on disease suppressive and non-suppressive soils. We discuss the potential roles sRNAs may play in the below-ground world and identify potential areas of future research, particularly in reference to the regulation of plant immunity genes by bacterial and fungal communities in disease-suppressive and non-disease-suppressive soils.