bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER PROGRAMME FOR THE DESIGN OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES Part 3: Primary Sedimentation
Authors: Demun Amat Sairin
Published: December 2024

A computer programme was developed using Fortran utilizing IBM-PC compatible microcomputers to design the primary sedimentation or clarification in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The programme is used to determine the dimension and capacity of two rectangular primary sedimentation basins. The detention time 'and the overflow rate at an average design flow was investigated for the basins' designed dimensions. It also determined the dimension of the influent and emuent structure including the hydraulic flow profile in the basin. The weir loading at average design flow was also investigated. The sludge and scum quantities including the effluent quantities was also calculated. The programme was written in a subroutine called from the main programme which also call other subroutines for designing other facilities in the treatment plant. The programme runs successfully given the input data which is the average design flow calculated which based on the number of population served. The results are easy to interpret and automatically appear either on the computer screen or in an output file
MODELLING OF SHEAR IN POST-TENSIONED BRICKWORK CANTILEVER FIN WALLS
Authors: Shafii Faridah
Published: December 2024

This paper describes a model scale investigation of the shear behaviour of post-tensioned brickwork cantilever fin walls. The developments of models to represent the critical region under shear arc described. Details of reduced height test walls to simulate the actual forces and critical shear zone are presented. It is concluded that the shear behaviour of prestressed walls can be studied by modelling at reduced scale.
A STUDY OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN ORTHOTROPIC BEAM BY BOUlIo'DARY ELEMENT TECHNIQUE
Authors: Abu Bakar Suhaimi
Published: December 2024

Boundary clement technique is applied to predict the stress distribution in orthotropic beam. The length-depth ralios (UD) of the beam are chosen within the range of 1.5 and 4.5. The result from orthotropic analysis is compared with isotropic analysis. It shows that the stress distribution predicted by orthotropic analysis is significantly different from isotropic analysis when the 'UD' ratios less than 4.5.
COASTAL HYDRAULICS MODELING: MODEL SET UP AND DATA COLLECTION
Authors: Abd. Wahab Ahmad Kbairi
Published: December 2024

The interaction of hydrodynamic forces in the coastal and estuarial areas is a complex phenomenon. It may however, be simulated using computer models. The use of numerical models helped in analysing and investigating hydrodynamic behaviour. This in tum facilitated the processes of design and decision making in coastal engineering design works. There are various types of computer model in use but for each application it is important to apply the correct model set-up to ensure optimum execution and reliable outputs. This paper introduces typical sample of such models with greater emphasis on tidal models. The practical aspects of setting up the model and data collection are presented. This is based on many years' experience of using and developing such models.
Research Pattern on Muslim Consumer Using Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Abdul Shukor Syadiyah
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide a bibliometric review of 284 publications on Muslim consumers for the period from 1991 to 11 April 2023. This paper adopted bibliometric analysis using Biblioshiny software. A total of 284 documents obtained from the Scopus database were extracted and analysed. Results show that there has been continuous growth in publications on Muslim consumers since 2011. The Journal of Islamic Marketing published the highest number of articles related to the topic. The most cited article was “Bank patronage factors of Muslim and non-Muslim customers” and the most used keyword was “religiosity”. A thematic map was generated to provide a general overview of the basic or transversal emerging, motor, and niche themes in Muslim consumer literature. Data presented in this study were extracted from Scopus and future studies may be expanded to other databases. This paper provides information and guidance for other researchers wishing to embark research on Muslim consumer.
Integrasi Pengetahuan Teknologi Pedagogi Kandungan (PTPK) dalam PdP Sirah dan Tamadun Islam: Keperluan dan Cabaran / Integration of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in The Teaching and Learning of Islamic History and Civilization: Necessities and Challenges
Authors: Saili Jahidih , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Awang Japilan Nurul Hamimi
Published: December 2024

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a fundamental pillar in efforts to enhance the quality of teaching and learning in Islamic Education in today’s digital era. However, literature studies indicate that there are Islamic Education teachers, especially in the fields of Sirah and Islamic Civilization, who are still weak in applying TPACK elements such as the use of technology, reference sources, and interactive teaching methods. Therefore, this article is produced to examine the needs and challenges in enhancing the level of understanding and practice of TPACK among Islamic Education teachers. This study uses a qualitative content analysis approach to past research findings. The results of the study found that efforts to empower the TPACK skills of teachers through various professional training programs are greatly needed. In addition, full support from school administration in terms of technology infrastructure is also very important. Besides, renewal in teaching methods by integrating various technology-based teaching aids can further enhance the quality of teaching. In conclusion, continuous improvement in TPACK among Islamic Education teachers will ensure the progress of the field of Islamic Education in line with the rapid development of technology today.
Unveiling the Intellectual and Spiritual Endeavours of Muslim Women in Ibn ‘Asakir’s Tarikh Madinah Dimashq
Authors: Abdullah Akmaliza , Muhammad Siti Norlina , Muhtar Adibah , Abd Rahman Nur Najwa Hanani
Published: December 2024

This article explores the rich intellectual legacy of Muslim women, as documented in Ibn ‘Asakir's renowned work Tarikh Madinah Dimashq to uncover their multifaceted contributions across diverse domains of scholarship. This study employs content analysis method to investigate biographical entries of Muslim women with a specific focus on Volume 80, which centres on Tarajim al-Nisa’. The study focuses on women's essential role in shaping the intellectual legacy, as well as their significant contributions to the intellectual endeavours, which encompassed the study of Quran, hadith transmission, Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic inheritance law, grammar, and others. Their scholarly activities extended beyond transcribing texts, thus depicting a broad range of their intellectual pursuits. Historical narratives illustrated Muslim women's intellectual journeys, which were often undertaken alongside male family members, highlighting their empowering commitment to knowledge and learning. The history of family-based learning had been emphasized in the Islamic intellectual legacy, with private households functioning as important educational institutions for women. The discussion within Tarikh Ibn Asakir also included prominent women who were actively involved in sufi teachings and practices. Finally, this paper sheds light on Muslim women's profound intellectual endeavours mentioned in Tarikh Madinah Dimashq, highlighting their significant role in moulding the Muslim world's scholarly environment throughout history. It emphasized the Islamic tradition's long-standing devotion to knowledge and education, which includes women's vital contributions.
Factors Leading Highly Educated Women to Become Housewives: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Ali Amran Ila Nursalida , Mohd Rosli Nurul Atika , Saari Zilal
Published: December 2024

Historically, women were primarily associated with domestic roles, while men pursued careers outside the home. With the rapid development of technologies and industries, alongside increasing female enrolment in education, women's participation in the labour force has grown significantly. However, this shift has had profound impacts on women, both socially and personally. Despite governmental efforts to boost women's workforce participation, employment rates remain below optimal levels. This research aims to identify the reasons why highly educated women choose not to join the workforce and instead become full-time housewives, regardless of their educational attainment. A quantitative online survey was conducted among women with Master's and PhD degrees (n=253) to explore their motivations for this choice. The findings revealed that many educated women opt to become housewives primarily to care for their children and effectively manage their families, viewing these roles as crucial in fulfilling their Islamic responsibilities and ensuring the well-being of their households. Additional factors influencing this decision are also discussed. The implications of this study offer significant opportunities and strategies for authorities to holistically empower housewives, considering both their educational backgrounds and the Islamic values that guide their choices.
Collaborative Leadership Structures: Conduits To Instructional Coaching Success
Authors: Montgomery Heavenly Rosser , Shriner Michael
Published: December 2024

Educational research literature documents the positive effect instructional coaching has on teacher efficacy. This study investigated how instructional leaders coupled instructional coaches' daily work with the reforms outlined in district strategic plans. The problem is that leaders in K-12 education misalign the coupling of instructional reform goals to the daily work of instructional coaches. The study aims to uncover methods educational leaders use to couple daily instructional coaching work with instructional reforms. A qualitative multiple case study research design was employed to gather data to collect data concerning phenomena in organizational culture. The significance of the study is that the research highlights strategies that enhance coaching work to improve instruction and bolster student achievement. A sample of seven instructional coaches and district leaders was gathered during semi-structured interview protocols. A sample of instructional coaches and district leaders were interviewed separately to obtain points of view from different stakeholders. Details from varied perspectives revealed details about how the daily work of instructional coaches can adhere to systematizing instructional reforms. Strategic plans and other documents connected the research literature and interview data to bolster study reliability. The study findings indicate that specific organizational structures that bolster collaborative leadership help instructional coaches spread instructional reforms to classrooms. Collaborative leadership was an essential theme that helped couple the daily work of instructional coaches with instructional. The research question is: What perceptions do district leaders and instructional coaches have about instructional coaching program structures? A critical sub-theme surfaced was the School Leadership Instructional Team (SILT). According to study participants, the strength or lack of collaboration between the principal, instructional coaches, and other instructional leaders impacted the spread of instructional reforms in classrooms. In this study, instructional coaches acknowledged that collaboration between the instructional coach and other school leaders determines their daily focus on school reforms. District leaders in this study pinpointed collaboration as a conduit to coupling the work of coaching to institutionalizing instructional reforms.
Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis associated with Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Clark Katie , Grant Stephen , Simpson Joanna
Published: December 2024

A man in his 70s presented to a dermatology outpatient clinic with a new rash developing over 4 weeks, associated with weakness and swallowing difficulties. He had a background of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) diagnosed 2 years prior, with a recent CT suspicious for pancreatic metastasis. On examination, there were urticated plaques involving the face, neck, back and abdomen. Gottron sign and papules, Holster sign and periorbital erythema were also present. There was proximal muscle weakness and dysphagia, requiring urgent inpatient assessment and a multidisciplinary care approach. An autoantibody screen was positive for antitranscription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1)-γ. A diagnosis of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis (DM) was made, and the patient was commenced on intravenous methylprednisolone with good response to treatment. This case highlights the need for multidisciplinary care in the management of these two rare diseases: MCC and DM. We also discuss the autoantibody anti-TIF1-γ in paraneoplastic DM.
Post-abdominal trauma jejunal obstruction by incidentally detectedALK-negative intestinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour with dystrophic calcification and ossification
Authors: Jangir Hemlata , Das Prasenjit , Subramanian Arulselvi , Mishra Biplab
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare, intermediate-grade spindle cell neoplasms characterised by the proliferation of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cells and are intermixed by chronic inflammatory infiltration, with an unclear aetiology. This tumour presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from generalised non-specific to site-specific symptoms. We report an unusual case of an incidentally detected intestinal Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour with evidence of extensive dystrophic calcification and ossification in a male of an early fourth decade with a history of blunt abdominal trauma. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma encountered during the evaluation and diagnosis of this tumour.
Single and multiple keratoacanthomas after a recent black tattoo in two patients
Authors: Al-Gawahiri Malak , van der Bent Sebastiaan A S , Clahsen Pieter , Vos Lydia E
Published: December 2024

As studies on keratoacanthomas (KAs) within tattoos are scarce, our comprehension on the development of KAs in tattoos remains limited. Notably, existing studies predominantly focus on KAs found in tattoos containing red ink. This study addresses these gaps by documenting two cases of KAs within recently applied black and grey tattoos. The first case, a woman in her mid-40s, presented with two painful hyperkeratotic lesions in the tattooed skin on her left forearm and, notably, one similar simultaneously grown asymptomatic papule outside the tattooed skin. The second case, a man in his early 40s, presented with a painful hyperkeratotic nodule on a tattoo on the right leg. Histopathology showed that the nodules in both patients were compatible with a KA. After discussing therapeutic options, both patients opted for a wait-and-see approach, whereafter, the nodules regressed within months.
Invasive gastrointestinal aspergillosis in an ICU patient with perforated diverticulitis: risk factors and management challenges
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Howe Thomas , Reyes Fabiola , Weiss Zoe
Published: December 2024

An immunocompetent man in his 60s was treated in the emergency department with prednisone and doxycycline for suspected contact dermatitis and superimposed cellulitis. Two days later, he returned with abdominal pain, scrotal swelling, and progressive rash. Imaging revealed perforated diverticulitis extending into the right testicle. He was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent an exploratory laparotomy. An elevated serum galactomannan level was noted but deemed clinically insignificant, as he was not considered a typical host for an invasive mold infection. He required additional surgeries, with pathology eventually showing necrosis and fungal hyphae consistent withAspergillusspecies infiltrating the small bowel with associated angioinvasion. He was started on combination antifungal therapy with voriconazole and micafungin, followed by liposomal amphotericin B. The patient ultimately died from invasive gastrointestinal aspergillosis (IGIA). This case report explores the risk factors, clinical course, and treatment of IGIA in an intensive care unit patient who was otherwise immunocompetent.
Refusal to eat solids, growth failure and developmental regression in a breastfed infant
Authors: Berry Kelsey P , Borowitz Stephen Mark
Published: December 2024

In industrialised areas of Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, vitamin B12 deficiency during infancy is thought to be uncommon and the majority of reported cases are in exclusively breastfed infants of mothers consuming vegetarian or vegan diets. We describe a breastfed infant whose mother eats a very diverse diet who developed growth failure, refusal to wean from the breast or eat solid foods and irritability as a result of profound vitamin B12 deficiency caused by unrecognised maternal vitamin B12 deficiency likely secondary to asymptomatic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anaemia. Recent literature suggests vitamin B12 deficiency in breastfed infants is much more common than previously recognised and this case emphasises the importance of considering the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency in any breastfed infant with poor growth, neurologic symptoms or signs, developmental delay and/or feeding difficulties, particularly difficulty with introduction of complementary foods or weaning from the breast.
12-month outcomes after voretigene neparvovec gene therapy in paediatric patients with
RPE65
-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy
Authors: Daruich Alejandra , Rateaux Maxence , Batté Emilie , de Vergnes Nathalie , Valleix Sophie , Robert Matthieu P. , Bremond Gignac Dominique
Published: December 2024

Aims

To report main outcomes and complications following voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) treatment in paediatric patients.

Methods

Records of patients under the age of 17 treated by subretinal administration of voretigene neparvovec for confirmed biallelic
RPE65
-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and data from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, ultra-wide-field fundus imaging and Goldmann visual field (VF) were analysed at 12 months follow-up.

Results

12 eyes of six patients (mean age: 7.8 years) were analysed. No intraoperative complications occurred. BCVA significantly improved at 12-month follow-up (mean LogMAR (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) BCVA: 1.0±0.8 at baseline vs 0.6±0.3 at 12 months, p=0.001). Mean central macular thickness and central outer nuclear layer thickness did not change at 12 months follow-up. VF V4e isopter did not show significant changes. Postoperatively complications included: elevated intraocular pressure in two eyes of the same patient, a parafoveal lamellar hole at 3 months post-treatment and atrophy on the injection site observed in all eyes except one, which significantly enlarged during 12 months (p=0.008).

Conclusions

Most paediatric patients treated by voretigene neparvovec showed a significant increase in visual function at 12 months follow-up. None of the postoperative complications prevented gains in visual function.
Effects of concurrent aerobic and strength training in patients with type 2 diabetes: Bayesian pairwise and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Han , Zou Yuehui , Zhang Shijie
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent aerobic and strength training (CT) in patients with type 2 diabetes and determine the most effective dose of CT. From the inception of the databases to March 2024, we conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CT intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias of the study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tools. Results analyzed included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index, body fat percentage, blood pressure, and VO2max. Pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects modeling were performed to analyze the effects of CT in patients with type 2 diabetes. From the inception of the databases to March 2024, we conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CT intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias of the study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tools. Results analyzed included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index, body fat percentage, blood pressure, and VO2max. Pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects modeling were performed to analyze the effects of CT in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 1948 participants (935 males) were included in 23 RCTs. The male/female ratio of participants was 52/48; the mean age range was 50–65 years. The results show that CT significantly reduced HbA1c levels (MD=−0.48%, 95% CrI: −0.55 to −0.40), with some heterogeneity among different levels (SD=0.31, 95% CrI: 0.17 to 0.51), and the model converged well. Similarly, FBG levels were also significantly improved (MD=−0.48 mmol/L, 95% CrI: −0.55 to −0.40), with greater heterogeneity (SD=17.73, 95% CrI: 11.23 to 28.09). Additionally, we found a non-linear dose-response relationship between CT and HbA1c levels, with an optimal dose of 1030 METs-min/week (MD=−0.47%, 95% CrI: –0.68 to –0.26, SE=0.11). CT significantly improves several health indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between the training dose of CT and HbA1c, and it is recommended that 270 min of moderate-intensity CT or 160 min of vigorous-intensity CT be performed weekly.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024547119.

Keywords:meta-analysis; concurrent aerobic and strength training.
Maternal mortality following caesarean section in a low-resource setting: a National Malawian Surveillance Study
Authors: Riches Jennifer , Chimwaza Yamikani , Magreta Chakhame Bertha Immaculate , Milln Jack , Twabi Hussein H , Bilesi Rosemary , Gadama Luis , Kachale Fannie , Kuyere Annie , Makhaza Lumbani , Makuluni Regina , Munthali Laura , Musopole Owen , Ndamala Chifundo , Phiri Deborah A , Afran Louise , Wilson Amie , Thangaratinam Shakila , Merriel Abi , Waitt Catriona , Odland Maria Lisa , Jafali James , Lissauer David
Published: December 2024

Background

Caesarean section (CS) is the most common major surgery conducted globally, with rates rising. CS also contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, with increased risks in low-resource settings. We conducted a detailed review of maternal deaths from 2020 to 2022 in Malawi to determine the burden of deaths related to CS, avoidable health system factors, and causes of death associated with this procedure.

Methods

Data were collected regarding every maternal death occurring across all district and central hospitals in Malawi, alongside facility-level aggregated birth data. Maternal deaths were reviewed by facility-based multidisciplinary teams with subsequent confirmation of cause of death by obstetricians according to international criteria. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds of associations of leading causes of death with CS while adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Despite a low national CS rate, most deaths occurred following CS (51.8%, 276/533). Women who delivered by CS were five times (OR 5.60, 95% CI 4.74 to 6.67) more likely to die than women who delivered vaginally. The leading causes of death following CS were postpartum haemorrhage (26.0%, 68/277), eclampsia (15.6%, 41/277) and infection (14.1%, 37/277). Deaths from pregnancy-related infection were more often associated with CS (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.72). Health system factors more frequently associated with deaths following CS than vaginal birth included ‘prolonged abnormal observations without action’ (p=0.006), ‘delay in starting treatment’ (p=0.006) and ‘lack of blood transfusion’ (p=0.03).

Conclusions

We found a high burden of maternal death following CS in this low-resource setting. Until now, international attention and many clinical trials have been focused on improving the safety of vaginal birth. Our findings highlight the need to ensure the safe and appropriate use of this potentially life-saving intervention to reduce maternal deaths. To avoid the high burden of death following CS we highlight, there is urgent need to develop and trial CS-specific interventions.
Reliability‐Based Geotechnical Design Method Using the Gaussian Process Regression–Based Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Wen Kai , Kuang Zemin , Zeng Wei , Zeng Sanyou , Qiu Yue
Published: December 2024

A fundamental challenge in reliability‐based geotechnical design is optimizing cost‐effectiveness while adhering to a predefined failure probability target. Traditionally, failure probability is assessed via Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), which, despite its accuracy, is often prohibitively time‐consuming and expensive. This scenario frames reliability‐based geotechnical design as a constrained optimization problem (COP) characterized by a low‐cost objective and high‐cost constraints. Recent advancements have seen the application of Gaussian process regression (GPR) enhanced evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for managing COPs where both objectives and constraints incur significant expenses. However, methodologies adept at handling COPs with inexpensive objectives yet costly constraints remain underexplored. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a GPR–based differential evolution (DE) algorithm designed specifically for COPs with this cost disparity. Here, GPR serves as a surrogate model to estimate the actual performance derived from MCS assessments. The innovative use of expected improvement (EI) as a selection criterion for potential solutions is a key feature of this method. EI quantitatively evaluates each candidate’s potential to enhance economic efficiency and safety reliability, effectively converting the COP into a single‐objective optimization problem (SOOP). We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed GPR–based DE algorithm through a case study of the Sau Mau Ping rock slope in Hong Kong, highlighting the method’s ability to achieve superior accuracy and substantial computational savings.
Benign Transformation of Atypical Meningioma: A Rare Histopathological Phenomenon at Recurrence
Authors: Alanazi Rahaf F. , Alharbi Nasser , Alkhaibary Ali , AlSufiani Fahd , Aloraidi Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background and importance: Meningiomas are one of the most frequent primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, meningiomas are categorized into Grade 1 (benign meningioma; 80%), Grade 2 (atypical meningioma; 4%–15%), and Grade 3 (anaplastic meningiomas; 1%–3%). Grade 2 meningioma has a higher recurrence rate, ranging from 29%–52%. However, the transformation from atypical meningioma into benign meningioma is poorly understood. The present article describes a patient with Grade 2 meningioma that transformed into a benign subtype.

Case presentation: A 51‐year‐old female with a history of seizures, presented with left‐sided progressive weakness. Radiological imaging revealed a large extra‐axial parasagittal lesion measuring 5 cm × 5 cm × 4.8 cm, suggestive of meningioma. The patient underwent subtotal resection of the lesion. Histologically, the tumor was in favor of Grade 2 meningioma. Radiological follow‐up 8 years postoperatively revealed a recurrent meningioma. The patient underwent right‐sided craniotomy and resection of the parasagittal meningioma. The histopathological features were suggestive of a Grade 1 meningioma.

Conclusion: The transformation from atypical to benign meningiomas is rarely reported and the mechanism remains unclear. The present case provides insights into the natural history of this entity, describes possible etiologies, and lists the surgical management with an emphasis on preoperative radiological imaging and histopathological investigations.
Evaluation of MRI safety of Ru-106 Eye applicators
Authors: Tang Michael C.Y. , Klaassen Lisa , Marinkovic Marina , Vu T.H. Khanh , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Creutzberg Carien L. , Ketelaars Martijn , Beenakker Jan-Willem M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy is a primary treatment for Uveal Melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. This study evaluated the safety of Ru-106 applicators at 3 Tesla (T) MRI and their impact on image quality.
Methods: Magnetic attraction and eddy currents were tested on a 20mm diameter Ru-106 applicator using a nylon string and a porcine eye. Safety criteria were defined by ocular oncologists, comparing magnetic field interactions to the forces exerted on the eye during surgery. Five UM patients were scanned at 3T MRI with the applicator in-situ using both conventional anatomical sequences and scans optimized to reduce metal artifacts.
Results: Minimal magnetic interactions was observed. Eddy currents caused slight lagging during fast movements, and temporary detachment of the applicator of the porcine eye in conditions that were considered unrealistic for clinical scans. Significant susceptibility artifacts compromised image quality of the affected eye.
Conclusion: Patients with Ru-106 applicators can be safely used in 3T MRI with some simple precautions. MR-image quality of the eye was poor due to major susceptibility artefacts, however, imaging of extra-ocular anatomy is feasible.
Thismia perlisensis (Thismiaceae), a new red-annulus Thismia species from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: BESI EDWARD ENTALAI , JABAR QISTINA ANIS MAD , RAHMAN SYAMIL ABD , SAAD MOHD ZULKIFLY , AHMADNI AG SHAFFIE AG , GO RUSEA
Published: December 2024

A new species, Thismia perlisensis, found during a scientific expedition in the Perlis State Park, is described and illustrated. The new species was discovered in a wetland forest on a limestone foothill. Morphological description, photographic data including habitat, and a key to the species of the Thismia Sect. Thismia Subsect. Brunonithismia recorded from Malaysia are provided. The new species is easily distinguished from the similar species, T. arachnites, T. javanica, T. tentaculata, and T. kenyirensis by the prominent reddish dome-shaped annulus instead of ring-like with rim, deeply trilobed stigma with bifid and subulate lobes, and claviform apices of the inner tepals.
Sinocrassula ganluoensis (Crassulaceae), a new species from China
Authors: LI RONG-JUAN , ZHAO JING , FANG SHAO-LI , CHEN CHAO , LUO MIAO , ZHOU XIN-MAO , WANG JIA-GUAN
Published: December 2024

Sinocrassula Berger is a member of the Crassulaceae. Here, we have described and illustrated Sinocrassula ganluoensis, a new species distributed in Sichuan Province, based on both morphology and molecular evidence. The new species can be easily distinguished from other Sinocrassula species. Morphologically, S. ganluoensis is similar to S. ambigua, S. indica var. obtusifolia, and S. jiaozishanensis in having glabrous plant and reddish-purple petals, but the new species has plants compact rosettes, orbicular-lanceolate basal leaves, and nearly quadrate nectar scales. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that S. ganluoensis forms an independent branch.
The recently described Thysanotus tibeticum (Asparagaceae) is a species of Allium (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: MACFARLANE TERRY D. , CONRAN JOHN G.
Published: December 2024

The recently described Thysanotus tibeticum (Asparagaceae; the epithet spelling is corrected to tibeticus) from Jiali, Tibet, China, is reduced to synonymy under Allium mairei (Amaryllidaceae).
New and Confirmed Combinations of New World Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with a List of incertae sedis Species
Authors: MORSE GEOFFREY E. , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE
Published: December 2024

We identify 94 species of New World Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) that have not been revised since original publications that predate the establishment of current bruchine genera. Many of these have appeared in catalogs or checklists and have been transferred to genera without inspection of primary type specimens. We were able to inspect the primary types of 77 of these species; we provide new combinations for 38 and confirm previous combinations made in catalogs for an addition 39. We provide emended names for four taxa and designate a neotype for Bruchus atrosignatus Pic, 1935. Type specimens could not be located for 14 of the additional 17 species, with only three species of known deposition not yet inspected. These 17 species should be considered as species incertae sedis and included as such in any catalogs or checklists until types are examined by future reviewers.
Generative Adversarial Networks in Fashion Retailing and Customer Purchase Intention: An Extension of Theory of Consumption Value
Authors: Das Priyo , Das Surjyasikha
Published: December 2024

The emergence of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in marketing, a component of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has the potential to influence customer behaviour in a variety of ways. In various contexts, the theory of consumption value (TCV) has elucidated customer behaviour. Few studies have applied TCV to GAN in marketing, particularly in fashion retailing. To close the gap, this study extends TCV to GAN-fashion retailing. A mixed research approach began with a 12-participant explorative focus group discussion to identify factors and develop the questionnaire. Second, we conducted a stratified random sampling-based cross-sectional survey and distributed the questionnaire to 258 diverse respondents. Analytical methods included structural equation modelling. It is discovered that decision-intelligent infrastructure (representing functional value) was a major driver of purchase intention in the GAN-fashion retailing context. This study has also found contradictory results and also discussed the reasons behind them. Overall, this has contributed in both the theoretical area, by extending the TCV framework in GAN-fashion retailing, and the managerial area, by making some suggestions. Also, it has opened up many new avenues for future study in the GAN-fashion retailing context.
Do Children Play on a Level Playing Field? Measuring Inequality of Opportunity in Bangladesh
Authors: Sanyal Rituparna
Published: December 2024

This article attempts to measure the inequality of opportunity in basic education, health, infrastructure and documentation services among children in Bangladesh at the division level based on two waves (2011 and 2015) of data from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. The analysis applies a methodology called the Human Opportunity Index (HOI), which measures the total contribution of individual socio-economic and demographic circumstances to inequality of opportunity in accessing basic services. The novelty of this article is the use of household surveys and decomposition techniques to understand the scale and distribution effects over time. The change in the HOI between the two periods has been decomposed into a scale effect (coverage) and a distribution effect (equity). Much of the increase is due to the scale effect and not so much due to the distribution effect. Results of the empirical analysis indicate that opportunities to access basic services in the seven divisions vary widely in terms of availability and distribution, ranging from 67% in Dhaka to 55% in Sylhet. Of the four dimensions studied in this article (i.e., education, health, housing and identification document), the HOI is highest for health at 80% and lowest for education at 43%. Over the 4 years, there has been a 10% increase in the overall opportunity index of the country, which stood at 64% in 2015. The index will therefore allow policymakers to track the country’s progress over time in improving the distribution of certain basic opportunities to children.
Economic Status, Access to Higher Education and the Role of the State
Authors: Pala Veronica , Thangkhiew Darishisha War , Nongspung Aibanskhem
Published: December 2024

This paper highlights the gross enrolment ratio (GER) in higher education by economic groups using data from the survey on Household Social Consumption: Education conducted by the National Sample Survey Office during the 75th round (2017–2018). We find that the GER of the youth belonging to poor households is very low. Besides, more than two-thirds of them have not completed Class XII, which is the threshold level needed to pursue higher education. It follows that promoting higher education by focusing only on the tertiary level will not achieve the desired effect unless the secondary level is supported and promoted just like the elementary level.
Pattern of Pulmonary Metastases in Various Malignancies
Authors: Jogondra Vinayakumar , Amith Kumar CS  , Manjunatha BH
Published: December 2024

Background:

Metastases from extrathoracic malignancies most commonly spread to the lungs as the second most prevalent site. Detecting metastases can indicate the necessity of chemotherapy or surgical removal. Conversely, ruling out pulmonary metastases is vital for planning a potentially curative treatment, highlighting the importance of understanding the imaging characteristics of lung metastases. This study aims to determine the different patterns of pulmonary metastases in various malignancies.

Materials and methods:

A hospital-based observational study was conducted at Department of Respiratory Medicine, A.J Institute of Medical Sciences and Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore. The study included 50 consecutive cases of diagnosed extra-thoracic malignancies with intrathoracic metastases attending our hospital. Screening of the cases with primary neoplasms was done as per the American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria. The data was initially inputted into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and subsequently imported into SPSS software, version 24.0, for statistical analysis.

Results:

The most common site of primary malignancy was breast carcinoma (40%) followed by colorectal carcinoma (CRC) (14%), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (10%), pancreatic carcinoma (8%), and oesophageal carcinoma (6%). Most common histopathological subtype of primary malignancy was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (40%) followed by adenocarcinoma (34%), squamous cell carcinoma (14%), clear cell carcinoma (10%), and follicular cell carcinoma (2%). Most common presenting respiratory symptom was breathlessness (54%) and cough (42%). The common findings seen on CT lung were pleural effusion (52%) and multiple pulmonary nodules (50%).

Conclusion:

Recognising the pulmonary metastases pattern is pivotal for early detection and individualised management. Comprehensive patient care, encompassing clinical, imaging, and a multi-disciplinary approach, is vital for improved patient outcomes.
Gujarat Versus Kerala: Analysing Locational Factors in Internal Migrant Labour Destination Choices
Authors: Nag Madhusudan , Rajan S. Irudaya
Published: December 2024

The process of labour migrants’ destination selection is a multifaceted journey, intricately shaped by a myriad of interconnected factors. In the Indian context, competitive federalism has amplified the pull factors that attract migrants to new destinations. While Maharashtra, Delhi and Gujarat continue to attract large interstate migration, new corridors are emerging in traditionally less migrant-reliant regions. This study explores how destination location attributes influence migrant workers’ choices when they have multiple options for destination places. Using primary data from Surat in Gujarat and Kochi in Kerala, we offer a comparative analysis employing exploratory factor analysis and qualitative methods to examine key destination attributes. The findings reveal that Gujarat attracts migrants primarily for its abundant job opportunities and ease of employment, whereas Kerala attracts migrant labour with higher wages. These variations stem from the distinct demographics, economic structures and cultural contexts of Surat and Kochi.
From Zero to Hero. Belonging and Re-enrolment in Education Among Young People Outside School
Authors: Rogstad Jon
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the process of re-enrolling young people who have dropped out of school. Drawing on an analytical framework that integrates perspectives on resilience and belonging, the study explores the potential of at-risk youth to overcome challenges and complete their upper secondary education. A crucial aspect of facilitating their reintegration is establishing a sense of belonging. The data comprise in-depth interviews and observations involving 41 young participants in a flexible learning arena over a period of three years. The analytical design is based on a thematic analysis, where questions mainly initiated the narratives from the participants themselves. The findings show that dropouts can be reintegrated into a flexible learning arena within the school system. Furthermore, this re-enrolment initiative acts as a catalyst, reigniting participants’ sense of mastery. However, the pivotal factor lies in creating an environment that fosters a renewed sense of belonging to peers and the school.
Direct supervision and the epistemic culture of prisons
Authors: Sibley Marcus A , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Johnston Matthew S , Mario Brittany
Published: December 2024

In this study, we critically examine how provincial correctional officers in Atlantic Canada interpret and disseminate knowledge around direct supervision in the context of a new correctional institution under construction to replace Her [His] Majesty’s Penitentiary—Canada’s oldest prison. Direct supervision is a model intended to facilitate positive, pro-social relationships between correctional staff and incarcerated people, to build therapeutic alliances. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews, this study analyzes perspectives from 28 correctional officers who generally expressed concerns about direct supervision and, in turn, proposed recommendations for the new facility. We frame these interpretations through the lens of epistemic culture, identifying how prisons can shape knowledge production around direct and indirect supervision. In doing so, we highlight the benefits and limitations of these supervision models, exploring how prison culture informs the ways correctional officers understand, interpret, and ultimately resist direct supervision. We conclude the successful implementation of direct supervision requires a deeper understanding of the apprehensions expressed by correctional officers, comprehensive training regimens, and structural supports such as adequate staffing and mental health services.
Treatment of scoliosis in children after resection of neuroblastoma—A report of five cases
Authors: Xu Jianglong , Zou Yan , Zhang Hanwen , Chen Jinchen , Liu Haonan , Guo Dong , Yao Ziming
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common extracranial solid tumor in children, often requiring surgical resection. Post-resection NB near the spine can lead to spinal deformities, but treatment strategies are not well-documented.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed our patients who developed spinal deformities after NB resection at our hospital from 2013 to 2021. Treatment included the traditional growing rod (TGR) technique for patients with growth potential, posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for skeletally mature patients, and intermittent cast therapy for infants.

Results:

Five female patients underwent chemotherapy and surgical resection for NB, with no recurrence during follow-up. Single curves were seen in Cases 1, 2, 4, and 5, and Case 3 had double curves. NB tumors were on the convex side in Cases 1, 3, and 5, and on the concave side in Cases 2 and 4. TGR was used for Cases 1 and 2 due to growth potential and inadequate height. PSF was chosen for Cases 3 and 4, achieving satisfactory scoliosis and kyphosis correction. Case 5, diagnosed with scoliosis at 16 months, underwent intermittent cast therapy for 2 years, significantly correcting scoliosis and avoiding surgery. The average time from NB resection to scoliosis onset was 65.2 ± 49.3 months, with scoliosis treatment starting at 82.6 ± 58.1 months. The mean follow-up was 38.2 ± 12.1 months. All patients showed significant improvement in spinal deformities, with no significant correction loss at the last follow-up.

Conclusions:

After NB resection, spinal deformities should be closely monitored, with intervention preferably within 6 months of discovery. TGR, PSF, and casting are effective interventions, with the treatment modality based on the patient's skeletal maturity and height.
Social Identity Discontinuation, Effects on Self-esteem and Mental Health of Spouses of International Students in the US
Authors: Bakhshalizadeh Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

This article through interviewing 16 wives of international students from 10 different countries, who used to be professional women before coming to the US, examines how not continuing the pre-migration professional identity can negatively affect the self-esteem and mental health. The participants came to the US with an F-2 visa, which prohibits them from paid-employment. This study through adapting the Social Identity Model of Identity Change Framework by adding the element of immigration policy, shows that how restrictive immigration policies can disrupt or postpone new social identity formation or the continuation of old identity through group membership processes.
Indigenous Knowledge and Entrepreneurship as a Strategy for Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Henrietta N. , Mafimisebi Oluwasoye P. , Orighoyegha Eseroghene
Published: December 2024

We problematize the knowledge emanating from indigenous people and entrepreneurship as crucial to sustainable development, yet scholars and practitioners have rarely focused on how indigenous knowledge and entrepreneurship serve as a strategy for sustainable development. To address this, we undertake a wide-ranging literature review of research that in some form explores indigenous knowledge, entrepreneurship and grassroots innovation within a sustainable development context. Our work advances the current debates on sustainable development to consider indigenous knowledge and entrepreneurship as valuable tools in addressing grand sustainability challenges and uncovers implications for the entrepreneurship policy agenda in the process. In particular, we show how indigenous knowledge, entrepreneurship and grassroots innovation resulting from the entrepreneurial actions of indigenous entrepreneurs serve as unexploited idiosyncratic sources of sustainable development and growth in Africa. The article concludes that promising avenues exist to utilise indigenous knowledge, entrepreneurship and innovation emanating from grassroots to achieve sustainable development.
Book review: Hsiao-Ting Lin, Taiwan, the United States, and the Hidden History of the Cold War in Asia: Divided Allies
Authors: Tsering Dolma
Published: December 2024

Hsiao-Ting Lin, Taiwan, the United States, and the Hidden History of the Cold War in Asia: Divided Allies. Routledge, 2022, 260p. ISBN: 9781032134994.
Chenda: The Talking Drum of Kerala
Authors: Menon Vishnu Achutha
Published: December 2024

Chenda is a popular percussion instrument in Kerala. It is a drum used both as a solo and an accompanying instrument. Chenda is played in religious rituals and in many temple festivals. This article illustrates the making of Chenda and the art of playing Chenda.
Journey of the Domestic Violence Law and Its Impact on Women’s Lives
Authors: Uma Saumya
Published: December 2024

Supurna Banerjee, Nandini Ghosh, Madhurima Mukhopadhyay and Ruchira Goswami, The Violent Domestic: Law, Its Practice, and Strategies of Survival. Zubaan, New Delhi, 2022. 208 pp., ₹695 (Paperback), ISBN 978939051461.