bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Gore Clare Walker
Published: September 2022

The Introduction opens with Henry Mayhew’s treatment of disability in London Labour and the London Poor, demonstrating how Mayhew sees disabled people as a subcategory of ‘the afflicted’, specifically using ‘disability’ to mean an inability to work. It argues that the conceptual confusion between difference and incapacity goes to the heart of the stigma attached to disability as a social identity, and then examines how this is reflected or interrogated in novels of this period. Unlike Mayhew, novelists do not describe people but create characters, and a character might be enabled to perform particular narrative work by the very attribution of the social identity of disability. The prevalence of disabled characters in the Victorian novel suggests that this was indeed the case: that these characters were performing a necessary function for their authors. Excavating this work allows us to probe the connection between social and narrative categories of organisation, explore the mechanics and meanings of recurrent plot-lines, and consider a fresh how characters’ embodiment shapes and is shaped by genre.
At the Margins of Mystery: Sensational Difference in Wilkie Collins
Authors: Gore Clare Walker
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the role of disability in Wilkie Collins’s mystery novels. These depend for their plotting upon generating uncertainty about the true identities of the characters at hand, and encourage the reader to mistrust the signs of social and novelistic identity; the signs of the body are therefore placed under tremendous pressure. On one hand, somatic signs are represented as crucial clues for reader and detective; on the other, they must fail us at least some of the time for the mystery to be sustained. Collins uses disability as an unreliable sign in exactly this way, engaging with the reader’s preconceptions about disabled characters’ relationship to plot so that he can perform sensational reversals at the novels’ conclusions. Disability also enables Collins to put sensation to affective work, as he represents characters’ disabilities in such a way as to elicit sympathy for their social and narrative exclusion.
Thyrsus and Palimpsest: De Quincey’s Influence on Baudelaire’s Le Spleen de Paris
Authors: Santilli Nikki
Published: September 2022

Epistolary evidence shows that Baudelaire considered producing his translation of De Quincey’s Confessions of an Opium Eater at the beginning of 1857. The first six prose poems from Paris Spleen to appear were also published in 1857. Meanwhile, Un mangeur d’opium appeared in Revue contemporaine on 15 and 31 January 1860 before being collated with articles on wine and hashish to produce the single work, Les Paradis artificiels opium et haschisch, in spring of that year. It is clear, therefore, that Baudelaire was developing his prose poems concurrently with his work of translating and editing the Confessions. Baudelaire describes De Quincey as, “a dreadfully conversationist and disgressionist author” almost turning his meanderings into a profession. In fact, he found these aspects of De Quincey’s idiosyncratic prose difficult to edit as severely as he was required. We can gain a deeper understanding of how the prose poem restrains the traditionally expansive tendencies of prose by examining Baudelaire’s treatment of De Quincey’s texts at this time, which undoubtedly helped him develop his “miracle of a form of poetic prose” for Spleen de Paris.
After Poet’S Prose: Postgeneric Writing In the Ongoing Crisis Of Verse
Authors: Fredman Stephen
Published: September 2022

Poet’s Prose: The Crisis in American Verse (1983, 1990) ended by observing that Language poetry had begun to take for granted the once-surprising notion that prose could be made to infiltrate poetry in order to produce new poetic forms. Newer work may be as self-reflexive and theoretically aware, but philosophical questions about language as the ground of reality have given way to a wide-ranging dialogue between poetry and narrative. For writers at the new meeting ground of poetry and prose, the blurring of borders can be a means for transgressing social boundaries and for claiming efficacy for literary writing in a world governed by multimedia storytelling. This essay investigates how experiments undertaken by poets in fiction, autobiography, performance, verse, documentary, and mixed genres derive from and expand dramatically earlier poet’s prose.
Feminist Spectatorship and Transformative Publics: Aspirations and Legacies of Feminist Film Festivals
Authors: Missero Dalila
Published: September 2022

This chapter reconstructs the history of three Italian feminist film festival (Kinomata, le Rassegne del cinema femminista di Napoli e Sorrento, L’Occhio Negato) in the context the movement’s political and cultural agenda. It also analyses some examples of grass-roots film clubs and itinerant screenings organized by feminist activists throughout the peninsula, with the aim of promoting feminist filmmaking. These experiences are also compared to international festivals like the Edinburgh International Film Festival, to understand their scarce impact on the Italian film culture.
Confluences
Authors: Ferrarese Estelle , Corcoran Steven
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the thematic motifs and epistemological stances that make it possible to bring closer together, in spite of all that separates them, the moral philosophy of Adorno and the ethics of care, including: the place each attributes to the body in their respective conceptions of morality; the attention they both bring to bear on the singular insofar as it is imperilled by the general and the universal; their ways of envisaging a moral reasoning out of keeping with philosophical tradition; the continuity that both postulate between inner and outer nature and the moral obligations that this continuity entails.
New England’s “Homespun Yankee” in the Cultural and Literary Imagination
Authors: Schäfer Stefanie
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the Yankee’s turn from con man to nostalgic impersonation of a bucolic New England past and material culture in the 19th century. The readings show that the “homespun” links US-made cloth to an imagined national character, both valuable for their roughness and domesticity. In the face of increasing sectional conflict, memorial orations such as Horace Bushnell’s, sentimental novels such as Sarah Hale’s Northwood (1827/1852), or long poems such as John Greenleaf Whittier’s “Snow-Bound” (1866) sketch a national settler “home” in New England. The chapter then turns to John Neal’s novels which critically examine and ridicule the fabrications of national memory and Yankee character.
Yankee Politics: A Coda
Authors: Schäfer Stefanie
Published: September 2022

The coda synthesizes the study’s findings about the Yankee in the US cultural imaginary. He amalgamates literature, national identity, and US politics with his own economy of storytelling and becomes a civilization machine for the settler nation state. The coda illustrates this with Mark Twain’s iconic Yankee Hank Morgan from A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889) and asks about the futures of populism in US politics and culture. As creation of 19th century literary nationalism and imperial fantasy, he is alive and kicking in the 21st century present.
False Endings
Authors: MacKenzie Scott
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, Scott MacKenzie addresses how certain recurrent moments in the history of the rockumentary are framed as “ends”, moments that demarcate specific cultural and political shifts. MacKenzie looks into how these rockumentary moments formulate melancholy and loss and how some ”ends” could be false.
Bayle and Virtuous Atheism
Authors: Devellennes Charles
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the thought of Pierre Bayle, a late seventeenth- to early eighteenth-century French author, and the first author to discuss atheism in a positive light. It situates Bayle as an unorthodox believer and a fideist, not himself an atheist, but curious and interested in the concept and those who follow its philosophy. By divorcing ethics from belief, Bayle radicalises the moral questions of his day, and defends the coherence of the atheistic position with the possibility of the virtuous atheist. It shows that Bayle’s moral argument is based on the notion of the erring conscience -of the right to be wrong in one’s speculations – which forms the cornerstone of his defence of atheism as a wrong doctrine, but one that needs to be tolerated. The consequences of these ethical beliefs for the political field is expanded upon by an analysis of his attempt to build a Republic of Letters, and notably his concept of toleration.
Dynamic Realism
Authors: Röck Tina
Published: September 2022

To develop any form of realism both the realms of epistemology and ontology need to be addressed. Realism is a position that requires - at the same time - reliable epistemic access to what there is, while also presupposing that what we get to know through this access is not mediated or substantially altered by this access. That it is actually reality in itself - ontological reality - that we can get to know, not merely a mediation. This book argues that to overcome this tension between ontology and epistemology, it is necessary to establish the idea of adequate correlations between epistemologies and ontologies.
The term ‘correlation’ in this context is used in a highly technical manner. Correlations are internal relations that have an essential temporal dimension, which means that if one relatum of the correlation changes over time the other relata change with it in a coordinated (i.e. correlated) fashion. This is to say that correlations are both essentially relational and essentially temporal such that they always change as a whole. There is no aspect of a correlation that could change in complete independence of the rest of the correlation.
The specific onto-epistemic correlation spelled out in the book is the correlation between a dynamic reality (a general version of process ontology) and phenomenology. This specific correlation is taken to be the best candidate to develop a realist position, as it is adequate to come to terms with the complex, networked and dynamic reality we are living in. On this basis a ‘dynamic realism’ is developed.
The Nature of Time: Time, Temporality and Being
Authors: Röck Tina
Published: September 2022

This chapter moves on to discuss the nature of time. To do so the three main ways of understanding time are presented, namely a physical/conceptual understanding, an experiential, and an ontological understanding. On this basis temporality can appear as objective or geometrical time and be grasped with the metaphor of the timeline. It can appear as experiential time, which is generally captured through the metaphor of flow and finally it can be encountered as ontological time of the changing object (introduced in the last chapter), an understanding of time that uses the image of unfolding or becoming. This leads toward an investigation of the intersection of ontology and time. An ontological understanding of temporality is developed by arguing that actual temporality is nothing but ontological (i.e. actual) changes, while objective time is a standardised and generalised repetitive movement (be it based on the circular motion of the earth around the sun, or the oscillations of a caesium atom). In two digressions Whiteheads epochal time and the difference between static and dynamic event ontologies is discussed to strengthen the systematic place of ontological time within process thought.
Teresa Margolles’ Work with Space: Ruins, Resonances and the Echo of the Absent
Authors: Banwell Julia
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines works by the Mexican neoconceptual artist Teresa Margolles as a result of her long-held interest in the northern Mexican city of Ciudad Juárez, which has become notorious as a location for violence associated with the drug cartels and also with the disappearances and murders of hundreds of women and girls. She comments on traumas of the recent past and the present and underlying all of her work is an interest in remains. Her work draws our attention to the experience of marginalised groups and individuals, and tracks the spilling out of violence, signs of violence and the destruction left in its wake, from the restricted space of the morgue, into the public realm. Derelict urban spaces have featured in some of Margolles' recent works, for example “Pistas de baile”, a series in which transgender sex workers are photographed standing on fragments of dancefloor from demolished nightclubs in a part of the city being subjected to redevelopment. Trans people, and sex workers, are disproportionately targeted in acts of gender-based violence, as interviews with participants confirm. “Pistas de baile” and other works will be discussed in relation to concepts of agency, violence, landscape, space, absence, and the ruin.
Beds, Handkerchiefs and Moving Objects in Othello
Authors: Iyengar Sujata
Published: September 2022

This chapter opens our discussion of “variable objects” by exploring the extent to which objects in Othello can act expressively in the visual medium of film. In tandem, it offers another methodological approach to global Shakespeare, one that addresses concerns about how Shakespeare might speak or play in translation and through variable objects. In Vibrant Matter Bennett argues for a renewed vital materialism — an emphasis on objects in the world and on attributing agency or actantial ability to them. In Shakespeare's Othello two objects dominate the play: most obviously, the handkerchief; less obviously, because it is sometimes part of the stage, the bed in which Desdemona is smothered. Watching three films of Othello in an unfamiliar language, without subtitles – a South Indian art film in the Dravidian language Malayalam, a North Indian ‘Bollywood’ movie in the Uttar Pradesh dialect Khariboli, and an Italian teen movie adaptation – allows focus more narrowly upon what, adapting Bennett, we might call the life of things in the play and in adaptations or appropriations of it. These adaptations (Kaliyattam; Omkara; Iago) indigenize and transform both the handkerchief and the “tragic loading"” of the bed, in the last case turning (or returning) the Shakespearean source from tragedy to comedy.
Prosthetic Properties: The Materiality of Race and Gender in The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses
Authors: MacLeod Emily
Published: September 2022

Many objects surround and adhere to the female characters in The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses (2016), a three-part television adaptation of Shakespeare’s first tetralogy of English history plays. While both Margaret of Anjou and Joan of Arc wield transgressively masculine properties such as a sword and dagger, Duchess Eleanor of Gloucester pokes needles into a doll, a traditionally feminine object, to curse King Henry and promote her husband. The filmmakers use these objects to serve as shorthand for text that has been cut in the process of adaptation, to establish character and convey information to the audience quickly through the multi-temporal meanings ascribed to the objects. By replacing portions of Shakespeare’s text with powerful prosthetic objects, The Hollow Crown reorients the audience’s gaze towards these three female bodies while reducing the number of lines they speak. Using object-oriented ontology, alongside Ian Smith’s theory of racial prosthesis, this chapter argues that the properties associated with these female characters, particularly Margaret as played by Sophie Okonedo, serve as forceful prosthetic signifiers of race and gender that act upon the bodies of the performers in both empowering and exploitative ways that show how the language of film favors objects over Shakespeare’s text to construct narrative.
Towards a Geopolitical Image of Thought
Authors: Lambert Gregg
Published: September 2022

Drawing from his previous writings on the search for a new image of thought and the vitalist role of ‘conceptual personae’ in the history of philosophy, the author proposes a new geo-political image of thought that is uniquely commensurate with the globalisation of contemporary continental philosophy. Inspired by Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of geo-philosophy and Jean-Francois Lyotard’s archipelago of contemporary political reason, Lambert radically reorients the future direction of continental philosophy, no longer defined traditionally according to national and linguistic traditions and by the opposition with Anglo-American academic philosophy. In a series of original chapters, at times analytical, expository and explanatory, the author explores Deleuze and Guattari’s conception of geo-philosophy in the broader context of the fragmentary nature of contemporary thought.
The Archipelago of Contemporary Reason
Authors: Lambert Gregg
Published: September 2022

Comparison of the concept of geo-philosophy with Lyotard’s concepts of le differend and the archipelago of political reason to define a new image of thought for the future of Continental Philosophy. Discussion of philosophy as a Bildungsroman of culture.
The Prison Poem and the Politics of Genre
Authors: Gould Rebecca Ruth
Published: September 2022

The ‘body’ of the poem as a genre is introduced in three dimensions: formal, topical and discursive. The prison poem is distinctive within the classical Persian literary system: it operates at all three dimensions of genre, not only at the level of form. By introducing a new corporeal poetics through the prism of genre, the prison poem uniquely reveals literature’s role in constituting and reconstituting sovereignty. As a genre that developed analogously with other topical genres such as the wine poem, the prison poem compellingly attests to the force of the ‘new agendas’ that characterise minor genres, which are often initiated by particular historical and political circumstances. As these chapters show, the tensions generated by the clash between the constraints of the prison poem’s form and the theme of imprisonment uniquely realign the dialectic between literature and experience.
The Sovereign and the Poet’s Body
Authors: Gould Rebecca Ruth
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on medieval Persian political theology. In celebrating poetry’s sovereignty, the prison poem shifted the authority that used to be attached to the ruler’s body to the poet, a process facilitated by the decline of caliphal power. Stimulated by a new perception of the fragility and contingency of worldly power, this genre introduced a new political aesthetic into the twelfth-century eastern Islamic world. The prison poem genre’s discursive dimension is further manifested in its use of discourses of governance to assert the poet’s spiritual authority. Alongside its readings of political theory, this chapter also engages with the literary-theoretical texts that shaped the canon of classical Persian poetics and which framed the emergence of the prison poem.
Derrida, Montaigne and the Time of Friendship
Authors: Rushworth Jennifer
Published: September 2022

This chapter offers a comparison of the different approaches to writing about friendship taken by Michel de Montaigne and Jacques Derrida. Derrida takes from Montaigne’s essay ‘Of Friendship’ the Aristotelian phrase ‘O my friends, there is no friend’ and shares with Montaigne a belief in the crucial connection between friendship and mourning. Where the two authors diverge, however, is in their attitudes towards philosophy and personal experience. For Montaigne, philosophical accounts are inadequate compared with his experience of unique friendship with Étienne de la Boétie. Derrida, in contrast, in Politics of Friendship engages with philosophical accounts while avoiding discussion of his own experience of friendship. In this essay I consider the reasons for this divergence, arguing that Montaigne writes about friendship with reference to the past – both the past of philosophical tradition and the past of his friendship with La Boétie – whereas Derrida is ultimately more interested in friendship and futurity. I structure my argument around these two different times, which I frame in Derridean terms as different forms of spectres of friendship. What emerges, in the end, is Derrida’s wish to involve the reader not only as a provider of examples but even as a possible, present friend.
Another Friendship
Authors: Cheah Pheng
Published: September 2022

This chapter uses the Heideggerian concept of being-with (Mitsein) to juxtapose central themes of Derrida’s Politics of Friendship with Hannah Arendt’s anthropological reading of the concept. Against Arendt’s articulation of the political in terms of bios/zoe, the chapter argues that Derrida regrounds Mitsein in the radical alterity of finite being, itself a figure of auto-immunity, and draws out the implications for political responsibility.
Friendship and Fission: Personal Identity in Derrida and Parfit
Authors: Barton Kit
Published: September 2022

Personal identity is most often thought of as singular and indivisible. This is the legacy of the Cartesian, non-reductionist, conception of the subject. In response, both Jacques Derrida and Derek Parfit provide arguments that show the limitations of this understanding of personal identity, doing so while working on opposite sides of a much-discussed divide between continental and analytic philosophy. In the ‘Recoils’ chapter, of Politics of Friendship, Derrida shows how it is possible to consider the subject as multiple and divisible, beyond Cartesian constraints, allowing him to offer an alternative cogito, “I think therefore, I am the other”. Parfit, in parallel, provides thought experiments, including the famous “Fission”, which demonstrate that this alternative cogito is only contradictory when considered from within unnecessary Cartesian constraints. Both Derrida and Parfit provide strong reasons for a conception of personal identity without these limitations and in doing so lessen the perceived gap between continental and analytic philosophy.
Dividing the Ear
Authors: Alfandary Isabelle
Published: September 2022

In the chapter titled ‘Ranges of Voice. Rhetoric of Friendship’ from Politics of Frienship, Jacques Derrida comments at length on the enigmatic wording of a phrase taken from Heidegger and finds an occasion to tacitly revisit a foundational topos of his own works, Of Grammatology and Voice and Phenomenon. Here, Derrida’s reader is asked to read between the lines. The ear called upon to listen to the ‘voice of the friend’ is not caught in the ideal logic governing the sense of hearing. The French philosopher takes care to distinguish this striking instance of Dasein ‘that carries the friend in its voice or rather in hearing this voice’ from psychic writing of Platonic inspiration.
The Apparition of Feminine Alterity in Derrida’s Politics of Friendship
Authors: Ventura David
Published: September 2022

This chapter seek to elucidate why Jacques Derrida's Politics of Friendship, despite repeatedly criticising the Western philosophical tradition for excluding feminine figures when thinking about friendship, nonetheless refuses to cite or engage any actual feminine voices and experiences of friendship. The chapter’s contention is that, with this strategy, Derrida seeks to highlight the haunting presence of certain feminine spectres within the philosophical canon of friendship. With this move, Derrida also aims to signal the possibility of an alternative politics of friendship that is less violent to the singular alterity of feminine friends. Yet, while this attempt is laudable, it is also subject to certain problems. Indeed, as this chapter concludes by arguing, while Derrida’s decision not to engage an actuality of feminine voices and experiences of friendship does not straightforwardly replicate the exclusionary mistakes of the philosophical tradition he criticises, his aim of signalling a less violent politics of friendship could nonetheless have been bolstered by an engagement with the actuality of performances, practices, and experiences by which friendship is reconfigured today.
Derrida, Democracy and the State of Education: Learning, by Design, Perchance
Authors: Parsons Allan
Published: September 2022

When Derrida admits the example of the Clipper chip into the book version of Politics of Friendship, he intends only to recall that a reflection on the politics of friendship should be indistinguishable from a meditation on the meaning, history and techniques of the secret. However, in doing so, he also admits a discussion of how ‘tele-technologies’ disturb the conditions of the Kantian 'secret', as that which one thinks must remain secret because an engagement has been entered upon and a promise made in certain non-natural conditions. In this way, Derrida alerts us, first, to the role of designs, as 'technologies', within the public realm in allying the contemporary liberal political subject to the humanist educational subject; and, second, to the potential of design education within the university, in advocating a philoxenia that welcomes the invention of the other, to break with the horizon of cosmopolitics as phratrocentrism.
Companionship, Kinship, Friendship, Readership – and ‘the Possibility of Failure’
Authors: Mercier Thomas Clément
Published: September 2022

This essay examines a series of parentheses in Derrida’s Politics of Friendship to analyse a somewhat failed encounter between deconstruction and Donna Haraway’s ontological discourse on kinship and companion species. The essay claims that Derrida’s notion of trace, as it exceeds the humanist-anthropocentric logic and challenges any simple division between humankind and animality, can be followed as a condition for thinking friendship, kinship, or companionship as non-strictly anthropological categories, and for accounting for a principle of failure or fallibility at the very heart of the ‘encounter’ with the other – human or nonhuman. What Derrida calls ‘the possibility of failure’ is inseparable from a certain legibility and illegibility of friendship, kinship and companionship, from their dependence on the trace-structure, suggesting that they do not have strict ontological consistency but are structurally differantial and heterogeneous, and therefore remain to be read, interpreted, attested, translated, perhaps in view of transformative deconstruction. The essay also claims that the problematic of the trace-structure – virtually limitless in Derrida’s corpus – presupposes, everywhere it appears, the interrogation of the anthropological machine, of human exceptionalism, and raises the ‘question of animality’ even when this ‘question’ is not formulated as such, and when the so-called ‘animal’ is not named explicitly.
The Phantasmatic Fiction: Derrida on the Ground of Politics
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the response that Derrida gives in the Politics of Friendship to the question of what grounds politics. Reconstructing and developing Derrida’s critical engagement with Schmitt’s friend/enemy distinction, the chapter identifies the question of language, as key to Derrida’s critique of Schmitt. With this, Derrida’s re-affirms the fundamental importance of his earlier concept of différance for understanding the ground of politics. Against traditional ahistoric substantial senses of “ground”, the chapter turns to Derrida’s innovative alternative, showing how he maintains that all politics is premised on a phantasmatic fictional story or discursive ground that generates, binds, and structures politics. Instead of its fictional nature rendering it unimportant, Derrida claims that this fiction is the necessary condition of politics. Thus the chapter shows the necessary and foundational role that fictions play in Derrida’s notion of politics, a theme that binds different texts within Derrida’s oeuvre.
Household Welfare in Emalahleni
Authors: Geldenhuys Jean-Pierre , Burger Philippe
Published: September 2022

This chapter compares household welfare – income, spending, asset ownership and poverty -- in Emalahleni between mineworker households, non-mineworker households and non-employed households. It also compares household welfare levels between mine-employed and contractor-employed mineworker households. The results indicate that mineworker households are much better off than non-mineworker and non-employed households, while non-mineworker households are, in turn, better off than non-employed households in Emalahleni. Mineworker households have the highest levels of per capita income and spending, they also spend more on food, and they are more likely to own assets like television sets, personal computers, microwave ovens and motor cars. Their homes are also more likely to have electricity, on-site piped water and flush toilets. Mineworker households also have much lower poverty rates, while their subjective income rankings indicate that they place themselves further up the income distribution than other households do. Furthermore, for mineworker households, mine-employed households are much better off than contractor-employed households. And, as expected, non-employed households are much worse off than other households.
Planning in the Dark
Authors: Nel Verna , Oranje Mark
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses two problems within Emalahleni: the poor communication between the municipality, the community, and the mines; and strategic planning without critical information. It emphasises the problems experienced in long-range planning when the large mining houses are unable or unwilling to share the plans with the municipality regarding the extension or closure of coal mines in the area. Despite the growing calls for the elimination of coal for power generation as part of the international climate change agreements, with the concomitant implications for the coal-dependent economy of Emalahleni, the municipality and community, and some mines assume that coal will fuel the economy in the near future.
‘Not a bashful man’: 1 Dr Gavin Brown Clark and Land Nationalisation
Authors: Cameron Ewen A.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the relationship between revolution and the politics of land redistribution in Ireland, 1919-23. It argues that land questions played a significant role in the Irish revolutionary period and were often the key motivation behind the burning of country houses. Using a case study approach, based on the history of Tubberdaly House and estate in King's County/Offaly, this chapter contends that to understand the Irish revolutionary period in all its complexity, one must look beyond independence in 1922 to the impact of the 1923 Land Act and the acquisition and redistribution of estates by the Land Commission in the decades after.
Small Landholdings and Society: The Legacy of Small Landholder Legislation in the South-west of Scotland, 1911–Present Day
Authors: Gibbard Micky
Published: September 2022

The chapter analyses the legal history of agricultural legislation in Wales with particular emphasis on the calls for a separate Land Court for Wales, both prior to and in the years immediately following the Welsh Land Commission (1893-1896). Notwithstanding the Commission's recommendations for the establishment of a Land Court, such a court was never established in Wales. By reference to relevant Hansard debates, the attitude of certain MP's is discussed (notably Tom Ellis and Brynmor Jones) demonstrating a Welsh identity in agricultural matters, both pre and post the years immediately following the Commission's Report. Specific historical agricultural legislation is considered together with a brief overview of contemporary agricultural legislation following the devolution settlement in Wales in respect of agriculture. The history of specific topics such as tenant right, fair rent, succession and arbitration is discussed.
Under Pressure? The Cawdor Estates and their Responses to Agricultural Depression, Land Reform and Land Crisis
Authors: Davies John E.
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the reaction of the Cawdor estates in Wales and Scotland, via their agents, tenants and tenant-farmers associations, and critics, to the erosion of landed power from the last quarter of the nineteenth century to the second decade of the twentieth century. Beginning with an examination of the effects of the agricultural depression on estate income as well as on tenants’ struggles towards rent reductions, the chapter then moves on to examine the estates’ defence against the rise of agitation for land reform, before tackling the issue of loss of confidence in land as a source of wealth and power. That loss of confidence, which both agricultural depression and land reform contributed resulted in the land crisis of the first two decades of the twentieth century, an examination of which draws the chapter to a close.
Paula Meehan: Poetry across Boundaries
Authors: Varty Anne
Published: September 2022

This considers how Meehan’s work promotes transgression of boundaries between self and non-self, social class, and nation. Subheadings: Creating Distance explores the geographical and ideological distances from Ireland which Meehan generated during her early career, and wrote about in her first three collections. Gary Snyder and Meehan’s Poetry of Breath offers an account of the formative influence of Snyder’s environmental Buddhism on the development of Meehan’s mature poetic practice. Three Female Images of Ireland scrutinises the dramatic monologues, ‘The Statue of the Virgin at Granard Speaks’, and ‘Pillow Talk’, as well as the character Alice in Meehan’s play, Cell. It does this in order to explore how Meehan gives the agency of voice to previously emblematised female figures, and thereby critiques traditional ideologies of Ireland. Inside History: A Jobbing Poet of the 1990s gives an account of the integration of Meehan’s poetry in the cultural life of Dublin, and her collaboration with artists, dancers, musicians and film-makers.
National Poets and the National Curriculum
Authors: Varty Anne
Published: September 2022

explores tensions between each poet’s representation of school and the use of their poetry as prescribed texts in the school syllabus. Subheadings: Four Poems about School presents readings of Lochhead, ‘Kidspoem/Bairnsang’; Meehan, ‘The Exact Moment I Became a Poet’; Clarke, ‘Running Away to the Sea -1955’; Duffy, The Laughter of Stafford Girls High. Poetry by Women in the Curriculum, and the Tortured Poem examines the impoverished range of poetry taught in English schools since the introduction of the national curriculum in England in 1988; critiques methods of assessment and how these may affect students’ long term appreciation of curriculum poets. Gillian Clarke and Carol Ann Duffy in the AQA Syllabus 2004-11 (Series 4) assesses the prescribed texts by these two poets, and contrasts them with set texts by Simon Armitage and Seamus Heaney. Curriculum Interventions by Lochhead and Duffy explores controversy sparked by Duffy’s prescribed poem ‘Education for Leisure’ and her riposte, ‘Mrs Schofield’s GCSE’. It also examines Lochhead’s participation in the Scottish Studies Working Group. To conclude, Questioning Cultural Consensus, articulates the poets’ resistance against covert, consensus-building agenda of prescribed curricula and their promotion instead of education as an instrument of individuation.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Stephanie L. , VanLaningham Erin
Published: September 2022

Literary studies differs from other humanities disciplines in its commitment to the concentrated interpretations of texts, especially in examining their structures, patterns, figures, and language. In its attention to concentrated interpretation, literary studies can provide undergraduates with the skills and focus necessary to examine their own lives with both care and intensity—to interpret the convergence of the text and context of lived experience skilfully, to consider its multiple meanings for past, present, and future, and to evaluate its worth for the self and for the community. The discipline’s varied theories of interpretation and its growing commitment to marginalized voices can affirm for students the value of diversity and dialogue as they seek to define purposeful living. In its multiple fields and critical approaches, literary studies models for students how to imagine the future as one of possibility. Bringing literary studies into conversation with vocation studies acknowledges the cultural call for an education that delves into our deepest questions about personal fulfilment and the common good.
Queer Callings: LGBTQ Literature and Vocation
Authors: Bateman Geoffrey W.
Published: September 2022

This chapter argues for “queering vocation’ through the reading of literary texts that offer significant alternative spaces for restoring and expanding queer subjectivity. The study of queer literature, such as Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits and Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, can re-envision the notion of vocation to be inclusive of sexual experience and resistant to those that ascribe vocational identity to heteronormative concepts. The chapter draws from Audre Lorde’s poetic theorising in Sister Outsider that highlights the vocational significance of erotic embodiment as grounded in the queer, racialised body and its desire. Such readings imagine an expanding and restructuring of communities to become more hospitable and nourishing to queer personhood, and by extension, to create a more just and humane world. The queering of vocation expands the scope of vocation’s humanizing impulses for everyone.
Narrating Our Wounds: Trauma, Literature and Vocation
Authors: Peterson John
Published: September 2022

This chapter addresses the subject of trauma and literature, positing that literary texts’ facility in communicating trauma, capacity to reveal its transgenerational and structural dimensions, and ability to stimulate post-traumatic growth can help us explore the role that trauma and suffering play in shaping vocational journeys. Students’ own woundedness, through personal and communal tragedy, can find voice through the study of literature and the composition of their own vocational narratives. Texts such as Parker J. Palmer’s Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation and Wendell Berry’s Jayber Crow provide a language and narrative structure that avoid easy optimism while also affirming that traumatic events can be encountered and even integrated into our vocational journeys in ways that are supportive of our deepest callings.
Gothic History
Authors: Beveridge Craig
Published: September 2022

Burton is shown to exhibit a number of recurring themes in his perception of Scottish history. He gives particular attention to the curious and bizarre often as revealed in early vernacular sources which he draws on to recount their ‘weird’ stories. This extends at times to a morbid interest in rather horrific and murderous scenes. Overlaying both is a fascination with superstitions and supernatural interventions. Finally, there appears a recurrent theme of virtue seduced and overthrown, and society suborned by ‘demonic’ figures who exert their baleful influence while remaining in one way or another undetected.
These characteristics are traced to Burton’s early and extensive interest in expressions of vernacular superstition; as well as to supernatural elements in the writings of favourite authors like Walter Scott and John Galt, and friends like Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Thomas De Quincey and Catherine Crowe. More broadly they are viewed as reflecting his exposure to a cultural vein running through the Edinburgh society he knew well, which included a fascination with the interface of the material and spiritual worlds; with what was bizarre and alien in the superstitions and atrocities of past times; and with contemporary fictional and non-fictional stories of murderous crime and horror.
From Rumi to the Whirling Dervishes
Authors: Feldman Walter
Published: September 2022

The ceremony of the Mevlevi dervishes, the ayin, claims our attention because it is a ritual combining choreographic movement and complex music to achieve a result that is both transcendental and artistic. It has succeeded in maintaining itself as part of a mystical, rather than a purely religious institution, over a period of at least six centuries. In modern times only a very few musical institutions of the Middle East have acquired a place in the Western cultural imagination sufficiently important to require a Western name, in this case the “Whirling Dervishes.” The lyrical poetry of Mevlânâ ("Our Master") Jalaluddin/Celalüddin Rûmî (d. 1273) in a variety of translations is today a best-selling poetic item in the United States and Europe. All of these are of major interest to mankind in general and they represent possibly the most significant contribution of the Turkish nation to human culture.
From Rumi to the Whirling Dervishes is the first introductory study of the connection of music, poetry, mystical praxis and social history underlying the Mevlevi ceremony. The book is the product of over thirty years of study with Ottoman musical masters and of the Ottoman musical and poetic sources. The book also integrates some of the serious Turkish scholarship on the Mevleviye over the past fifty years.
Dersim: The Paradox of Disclosing ‘An Open Secret’
Authors: Zirh Besim Can
Published: September 2022

Dersim refers to a large cultural geography in the Eastern part of Anatolia, where Zazaki-speaking Alevis live. In the wake of a harsh and inequitable military campaign conducted during the years 1937–1938 to assimilate Zazaki Alevis into a newly emerging republican national body, the name became a metaphor for distress and concealment. The Turkish state never took its oppressive hands off Dersim, and instead renamed and rescaled this region as a tiny province, Tunceli. The name of Dersim became one of the most controversial issues during the opening process initiated by AKP in the second half of the 2000s when AKP tended to instrumentalize most of the republican taboos to attract popular support from liberal sectors of the society. This chapter explores this process through which Dersim re-emerged from the shadows of the Republic. It focuses on a media incident, which revolves around Hüseyin Aygün, the then Tunceli MP from CHP, at the end of 2011. Based on this case analysis, the chapter provides a comparison of this process with the “Alevi revival” that happened at the beginning of the 1990s.
The Alevi Movement in Germany and Australia: Towards a Transnational Movement
Authors: Özkul Derya
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores how the changing immigration and diversity policies of Germany and Australia – two countries with different historical traditions towards migrants – have influenced the community formation of Alevi migrants. Through a longitudinal study from the 1960s to 2020, the chapter shows that despite different political and legal environments, Alevis in both countries have largely followed a similar path. While they first started organizing with other migrants to work on their labor rights, they later established their own cultural organizations, and more recently religious/faith-based centers. The author argues that the Alevi movement’s changing dynamics should be examined in parallel with changes in national political structures, growing radical Islamist movements and prejudices against Muslims in Western countries, as well as the rise in Islamist politics and discrimination towards Alevis in Turkey.
“And Then I Met Lucy”: Perfection, Same-sex Desire, and Social Control in Mary Harron’s The Moth Diaries
Authors: Speller Brittany Caroline
Published: September 2022

Chapter Five, by Caroline Speller, discusses The Moth Diaries, highlighting key themes that have appeared throughout Harron’s career, such as notions of surveillance, censorship, and social control. Speller also reflects on the depiction of repressed female sexuality found in I Shot Andy Warhol and The Notorious Bettie Page that continues in The Moth Diaries. Speller utilizes Michel Foucault’s “Panopticism” to explore the film’s use of surveillance and punishment within the context of the girls’ boarding school. Speller also argues the film is somewhat a departure in style for Harron, particularly its use of the supernatural.
Older than Language: Cormac McCarthy on Language and Evolution in Whales and Men and ‘The Kekulé Problem’
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: September 2022

This chapter develops McCarthy’s enquiries into language, evolution, and the unconscious. The importance of this chapter rests on the fact that there has been no thoroughgoing analysis incorporating McCarthy’s philosophical observations on the relationship between language, evolutionary science, and the unconscious. Building on McCarthy’s archival materials, specifically the screenplay Whales and Men, and his recent essay in the popular science magazine Nautilus and its rejoinder, as well as the literary works themselves, I reveal how McCarthy conceives of language, evolution and the unconscious philosophically.
Spirits in Cinderland: Blood Meridian ’s Nietzsche
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: September 2022

To understand the ethical and philosophical vision of McCarthy, it is imperative to examine his most violent work, Blood Meridian. If McCarthy’s literature can be said to have an ethical perspective, then it is necessary to tackle his literature precisely where it appears most nihilistic and cynical. Therefore, to understand the ethical and philosophical dimension of Blood Meridian, it is essential to understand how nihilism plays out in it. This chapter shows that Blood Meridian can be understood as offering a cogent representation of Nietzsche’s accounts of active and passive nihilism. This analysis further enables me to outline how McCarthy conceives of the relationship between metaphysics, the natural world, and ethics. If nihilism implies a repudiation of philosophy, metaphysics, knowledge and ethics, then I argue that we can detect clear evidence of how McCarthy thinks we can extricate ourselves from the predicament that Blood Meridian’s depiction of metaphysical collapse and amorality stages.
THE PATH TO RELIEF FOR INFRINGED SPORTS RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CASE OF RUSSIAN DOMESTIC FOOTBALL TEAM SANCTIONED
Authors: SHI JIANPING , CHEN HAITIAN
Published: September 2022

As the conflict between Russia and Ukraine intensifies, the Western football world has chosen to sanction Russia by banning its domestic football teams from participating in FIFA and UEFA affiliated tournaments. Unlike previous disciplinary sanctions imposed by international football organisations, this sanction has a number of rare features in terms of the context in which it is imposed, the subject matter of its issuance and its effects, and will inevitably have a profound impact on the future governance of international sport. This article will analyze the legal governance system of international football organisations, with a focus on international sports arbitration under the jurisdiction of CAS and consider how Chinese sportsman can use legal weapons to avoid a vicious circle in the face of crises and seek more benign external interactions, with a view to establishing a voice for Chinese sport.
FOCUS: SOME THOUGHTS ON HEDONISTIC OUTLOOK ON LIFE
Authors:   School of Marxism of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, XIN HUILI , XIAO CHENGYONG
Published: September 2022

In the process of economic development and social transformation, individuals and society often face severe challenges from the hedonistic outlook on life. The hedonistic outlook on life emphasizes the “materiality-reality” of life, attempts to reduce human beings from rational and spiritual existence to human perceptual and material levels, ignores the premise that life must learn to work and create wealth. Without ideals and beliefs, the hedonistic outlook on life cannot find the real destination in life. This will cause serious harm to young people. Therefore, it is very important to explore a more correct direction and way for today’s society, especially young people, to cultivate the habits or qualities of studious and diligent work.