bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programas de Prevención Universal de Factores de Riesgo Asociados a Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria
Authors: Saucedo Molina T. J. , Alvarado Pérez Z. I. , Sánchez Hernández A. K.
Published: December 2017

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se caracterizan por alteraciones en la ingesta dietética, una preocupación extrema por la autoimagen y el peso corporal. Estos se presentan con más frecuencia en adolescentes, principalmente mujeres. Dado su incremento, el personal de salud ha demostrado preocupación por esta problemática por lo que se han surgido medidas para su prevención, y así disminuir su prevalencia. Una manera de abatirlos es mediante diferentes programas de prevención que se pueden implementar desde grupos con alto riesgo a presentarlos hasta con grupos y/o poblaciones que no están identificados con riesgo. Dentro de estos últimos se encuentran los de tipo universal, convenientes debido a que se pueden trabajar con grandes poblaciones, su aplicación es relativamente fácil ya que se presta a trabajar en instituciones educativas y si cuentan con un buen diseño resultan económicamente accesibles. En países como Estados Unidos, Italia y España, se ha reportado su efectividad. En América Latina solamente se ha implementado un programa de este tipo, siendo México el pionero.
Automedicación en enfermedades respiratorias
Authors: Mendoza Espitia HC , Pacheco Trejo AL , Escamilla García AB , Abraham Granados S , Hernández Chávez G , Ruvalcaba Ledezma JC , Jiménez Sánchez RC , Reynoso Vázquez J
Published: December 2017

Introducción. La automedicación es una práctica común entre la población, mientras que las enfermedades respiratorias (ER) son una causa importante ya que regularmente no presentan complicaciones y la oferta de medicamentos en el mercado es extensa. Objetivo: Analizar las conductas de automedicación en enfermedades respiratorias de estudiantes de Farmacia.  Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y prospectivo. La información se obtuvo a partir de una encuesta (Castronuovo, C., et al, 2007). Resultados: Se aplicaron  47 encuestas. El 57% de la población declaró practicar auto-medicacion  durante alguna ER, de los cuales el 62.9% corresponde al género femenino. La edad media fue de 19 (±2) años. La razón más común para automedicarse fue no tener tiempo para visitar al médico (47%). De los medicamentos usados, 40% fueron reutilizados de tratamientos anteriores. La mayoría (96%) considera la automedicación como una actividad riesgosa. Conclusión: Se reconoce que la automedicación es riesgosa, sin embargo se practica, tal vez por la accesibilidad de información acerca de los medicamentos y las inconsistencias legales referentes a la venta de ciertos medicamentos en las farmacias de México.
Atención de enfermería en la paciente que cursa con diabetes gestacional
Authors: Gayosso Islas E , Mayorga Ponce RB , Ventura Alonso J , Mendoza Vázquez C , García CS , Hernández Lozano BE , Terrones Castro LG
Published: December 2017

La diabetes gestacional es definida como la intolerancia a los carbohidratos con diversos grados de severidad que se reconoce por primera vez durante el embarazo, y que puede o no resolverse después de este. 

El embarazo se caracteriza por el incremento en la resistencia a la insulina y cambios en el metabolismo intermedio, éste incremento en la resistencia es más notorio en el tercer trimestre de la gestación. En la diabetes gestacional existe mayor riesgo de macrosomia, polihidramnios, prematurez, preeclampsia-eclampsia, trauma obstétrico, cesárea y mortalidad perinatal. 

La paciente requiere atención y cuidados de enfermería específicos durante el  embarazo, parto y puerperio, se realiza seguimiento y  control en el primer nivel de atención y coordinación en el segundo nivel con el gíneco-obstetra, el profesional de enfermería realiza diferentes intervenciones para educar a la paciente y familia en su autocuidado ( control de glicemia, dieta, ejercicio y fármacos); por lo que es muy importante que se cuente con esta guía como herramienta de atención en la comunidad y en los hospitales, para su detección y control.
Percepción de los estudiantes de medicina sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, ICSa 2016
Authors: Solano Pérez CT , Romero Quezada LC , Castañeda Gutiérrez D , Ortega Rodríguez S , García Miranda Y
Published: December 2017

Actualmente, el acceso a la información es amplio para buscar cualquier tema; no obstante, conceptos como sexualidad y uso de métodos anticonceptivos, pueden considerarse restringidos. El impacto social que compete a la anticoncepción se deja ver en la meta específica del objetivo del milenio: acceso universal a la salud reproductiva, de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Objetivo.- Conocer la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de medicina sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos en una Universidad pública de Hidalgo. Método.- Se aplicaron encuestas a 60 alumnos de medicina que actualmente cursan entre 2° y 8° semestre de su carrera. Resultados.- De los participantes, el 100% sabe por qué se les llama métodos anticonceptivos, al 71.7% no les parece incómodo usarlos, y más del 50% no conocen el pasado sexual de su pareja. El 88% considera al condón como el anticonceptivo más seguro, y el 50% a la píldora como el más inseguro. Finalmente, el 71.7% respondió que primordialmente usaría el condón para protegerse.
Nearly Exponential Neural Networks Approximation in Lp Spaces
Authors: Bhaya ‎ Eman Samir , Fadel Zahraa Mahmoud
Published: December 2017

In different applications, we can widely use the neural network approximation. They are being applied to solve many problems in computer science, engineering, physics, etc. The reason for successful application of neural network approximation is the neural network ability to approximate arbitrary function. In the last 30 years, many papers have been published showing that we can approximate any continuous function defined on a compact subset of the Euclidean spaces of dimensions greater than 1, uniformly using a neural network with one hidden layer. Here we prove that any real function in L_P (C) defined on a compact and convex subset  of can be approximated by a sigmoidal neural network with one hidden layer, that we call nearly exponential approximation.
Inovasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Sumber Daya Pangan di Sekitar Wilayah Operasional PT. Pertamina Asset 3 Subang Field
Authors: Sumardjo . , Firmansyah Adi
Published: December 2017

Around the company's operations are often found powerlessness problems of society. The company through the CSR program are required to contribute to addressing the problems, so that potential conflicts can be managed. The program objectives are: designing community development that can become self-sufficient rural development model as a development movement program that can mobilize local resources; promoting independence of society through the productive activities, and develop a model of the institutionalization of the development of self-reliance. The program has been implemented by the PRA method, which location in Subang and Karawang. Programs have been conducted on four target groups, namely mushroom group (10 members), the group of sheep (25 members), food group (35 members), and Assolahiyah group (66 members). Community empowerment program has resulted in innovation, as follows: (1) Zero waste systems in mushroom group, the group has use of straw for mushroom growing media; (2) Processing of various types of food made from mushrooms, such as mushroom noodles and mushroom bread; (3) Utilization of sheep dung into organic fertilizer; (4) Utilization of straw for animal feed; (5) An innovative enclosure design to minimize the smell of dung, environmental pollution, and easy to clean; and (6) The integration of nonformal education with entrepreneurship education. Conclusion: based on the development of group target (independence, participation, and networking), group Assolahiyah is a fastest, and the lowest is food group; and participatory program, is effectively encouraging the growth and development of innovation/new practices which generated by community.

 
Prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria que acudieron a un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel
Authors: Morfín-Maciel Blanca María , García-De la Puente Silvestre , Bojórquez-Ochoa Aurora , Huante-Anaya Alfonso , Orozco-Martínez Socorro , Zaltzman-Girshevich Samuel , Guzmán-Vázquez Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: Se ha sugerido elevada prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal.Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria atendidos en el Servicio de Nefrología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México.Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Se incluyeron niños atendidos durante 24 meses. Se aplicó el cuestionario ISAAC y los criterios de la guía EAACI. Ante sospecha de alergia se realizaron pruebas cutáneas, IgE total y específica, pruebas del parche y reto alimentario.Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 pacientes con edades entre 8 y 168 meses; 53.9 % del sexo masculino. Tipos de acidosis tubular renal: distal (64.6 %), proximal (26.5 %), mixta (1.8 %) y no determinada (7 %). La edad de inicio osciló entre 1 y 96 meses. Se registró 10.1 a 20 mEq/L de bicarbonato sérico; 24.8 % mostró enfermedades alérgicas: 18.4 % rinitis alérgica, 9.7 % alergia alimentaria, 8 % dermatitis atópica, 8 % asma y 6.1 % conjuntivitis alérgica. Se observó IgE total elevada en 9 pacientes. En 14.2 % las pruebas cutáneas fueron positivas y la quimioluminiscencia en 18 niños; el reto abierto con alimentos fue positivo en 11 y las pruebas del parche en 4.Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria fue similar a la de la población general.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico del síndrome de alergia oral en población de 6 a 18 años
Authors: Azamar-Jácome Amyra Ali , Azamar-Jácome Manuel Affid , Borjas-Aguilar Karla Leversia , Mendoza-Hernández David Alejandro , Huerta-López José Guadalupe
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: El síndrome de alergia oral o de polen-frutas es una forma de alergia alimentaria. Sus características y los alérgenos implicados varían según la población estudiada. En México existen pocos estudios al respecto y ninguno en niños.Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas del síndrome de alergia oral en población pediátrica de México.Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional y transversal en el que se incluyeron pacientes de 6 a 8 años de edad con sospecha diagnóstica de síndrome de alergia alimentaria. Se realizó historia clínica completa, pruebas cutáneas con aplicación de pólenes y alimentos, así como prueba de reto oral.Resultados: La prevalencia fue de 5.3 % (29 pacientes); 55 % del sexo masculino; el promedio de edad fue de 10 ± 3 años y el número de alimentos implicados de 6.8 ± 4.1. Manzana, durazno y plátano fueron los alimentos más asociados y las sensibilizaciones a encino y aliso, las más frecuentes.Conclusión: El síndrome de alergia oral es común en la población con alergia alimentaria, es transitorio y de intensidad leve. En más de 90 % de los casos está asociado con rinitis alérgica y sensibilización a pólenes. En su etiopatogenia es probable que estén involucradas profilinas, pero se requieren más estudios para determinarlo.
Manejo de la anafilaxia en América Latina: situación actual
Authors: Cardona Victoria , Álvarez-Perea Alberto , Ansotegui Ignacio J. , Arias-Cruz Alfredo , González-Díaz Sandra Nora , Latour-Staffeld Patricia , Ivancevich Juan Carlos , Sánchez-Borges Mario , Serrano Carlos D , Solé Dirceu , Tanno Luciana K.
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica sistémica y grave que puede resultar fatal. El tratamiento de elección de primera línea, según las guías internacionales, es la adrenalina intramuscular. No obstante, diferentes estudios muestran que las acciones de los profesionales sanitarios ante un cuadro de anafilaxia frecuentemente son inadecuadas.Objetivo: Analizar los recursos actuales disponibles en los países de América Latina para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anafilaxia.Métodos: Encuesta en línea promovida por la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia e Inmunología y realizada a representantes de las sociedades nacionales de alergia de los países de América Latina.Resultados: Se recibieron respuestas de 10 países de los 14 a los que se invitó. Solo en 5 se disponía de guías de práctica clínica en anafilaxia y en 2, Argentina y Brasil, de autoinyectores de adrenalina, no subvencionados por el sistema público de atención a la salud. En todos los países se dispone de adrenalina en ampolletas, que suele prescribirse a los pacientes para autoadministración. Se estimó que la utilización de adrenalina se emplea en menos de 50 % de los casos en 5 países, mientras que los antihistamínicos y los corticoides se utilizan casi siempre. En 5 países, la determinación de triptasa sérica fue posible en algunos centros sanitarios, muchas veces privados.Conclusión: Es necesario mejorar los recursos relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anafilaxia en los países latinoamericanos.
Antagonistic activity of marine bacterial isolates on common human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Pimpliskar Mukesh , Pagare Priyanka , Jadhav Rahul
Published: December 2017

Antagonistic activity of marine bacteria against common human pathogens was studied in this project. Marine animal surface bacterial flora was isolated from selected animal collected from local fishermen. The sample bacteria were isolated by serial dilution followed by spread plate method using marine agar (ZMA). About 11 bacterial isolates were selected and screened for antimicrobial activity through agar well diffusion assay. Among 11 isolates, 7 isolates exerted an inhibitory effect against human pathogenic organisms (E.coli, S.aureus, Klebsiella and Candida sp.). The isolates were then investigated for antibiotic production by cross species signal transfer mediated induction, 2 isolates (Sh-2 and PJR-3) exhibited enhanced activity against human pathogenic organisms (E.coli, S.aureus and Candida sp.). These 2 isolates were characterized phenotypically by morphological techniques (which revealed the strains as gram-positive and gram negative respectively) and physiologically by conventional tests.
Comparison and testing the reliability of two non-radiographic techniques of mixed dentition space analysis in Nepalese population
Authors: Mishra Rajeev Kumar , Devagiri Vashant
Published: December 2017

Background & Objectives: Mesio-distal tooth size-arch length discrepancy is one of the major sources of malocclusion. Accurate prediction of space required for unerupted tooth can help in early interception of developing malocclusion. Various methods has been proposed for prediction of mesio-distal  tooth size however accuracy of such methods  in population groups other than that on which these methods are based remains questionable. The aims and objectives   of this study were  to test the reliability of Moyer’s and Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis in Nepalese  population, to construct prediction  tables for Nepalese  population if these methods were found  not reliable.Materials & Methods: Study models of 77 subjects (31 males,46 females) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archive.  Tooth dimensions were measured using electronic digital caliper. Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston methods were applied to predict   the   mesio- distal tooth size   of canines and premolars. The predicted values were compared with the actual mesio-distal mesio-distal size. A regression equation based on actual canine and premolar mesio-distal dimensions and sum of mandibular permanent incisors was also developed.Results: Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between mesio-distal tooth size in males and females. Paired t-test showed that there was no difference in mesio-distal tooth  size between right and left sides of the arch. Tanaka – Johnston analysis overestimated the  mesio-distal size in both males and females. Moyer’s method at 75% overestimated the mesio-distal size  in male and female and the difference were statistically significant  while at 50% it underestimated the tooth  size in females.Conclusion: Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston method of mesio-distal size prediction are inaccurate when applied in Nepalese population. A new regression equation to predict the size of tooth has been presented.
The GABA–Working Memory Relationship in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mandal Pravat K. , Kansara Krity , Dabas Aroma
Published: December 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly debilitating neurodegenerative disease with no cure to date. Emerging evidence indicates aberrations of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, and hippocampal regions of the AD brains. GABA levels have been reported to predict working memory (WM) load capacity in the healthy young population. Since working memory is impaired in AD, it opens an active area of research to investigate the influence of GABA on WM performance in AD. Advancements in neuroimaging techniques and signal processing tools can aid in neurochemical profiling of GABA in AD as well as facilitate in probing the role of GABA in AD-specific impairments of working memory.
Comparison of Cortical and Subcortical Measurements in Normal Older Adults across Databases and Software Packages
Authors: Rane Swati , Plassard Andrew , Landman Bennett A. , Claassen Daniel O. , Donahue Manus J. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2017

This work explores the feasibility of combining anatomical MRI data across two public repositories namely, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Progressive Parkinson’s Markers Initiative (PPMI). We compared cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in cognitively normal older adults between datasets with distinct imaging parameters to assess if they would provide equivalent information. Three distinct datasets were identified. Major differences in data were scanner manufacturer and the use of magnetization inversion to enhance tissue contrast. Equivalent datasets, i.e., those providing similar volumetric measurements in cognitively normal controls, were identified in ADNI and PPMI. These were datasets obtained on the Siemens scanner with TI = 900 ms. Our secondary goal was to assess the agreement between subcortical volumes that are obtained with different software packages. Three subcortical measurement applications (FSL, FreeSurfer, and a recent multi-atlas approach) were compared. Our results show significant agreement in the measurements of caudate, putamen, pallidum, and hippocampus across the packages and poor agreement between measurements of accumbens and amygdala. This is likely due to their smaller size and lack of gray matter-white matter tissue contrast for accurate segmentation. This work provides a segue to combine imaging data from ADNI and PPMI to increase statistical power as well as to interrogate common mechanisms in disparate pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It lays the foundation for comparison of anatomical data acquired with disparate imaging parameters and analyzed with disparate software tools. Furthermore, our work partly explains the variability in the results of studies using different software packages.
Aluminum Should Now Be Considered a Primary Etiological Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Exley Christopher
Published: December 2017

In this paper, I have summarized the experimental and largely clinical evidence that implicates aluminum as a primary etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease. The unequivocal neurotoxicity of aluminum must mean that when brain burdens of aluminum exceed toxic thresholds that it is inevitable that aluminum contributes toward disease. Aluminum acts as a catalyst for an earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with or without concomitant predispositions, genetic or otherwise. Alzheimer’s disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging in the absence of a brain burden of aluminum.
Methylation Profiling RIN3 and MEF2C Identifies Epigenetic Marks Associated with Sporadic Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Boden Kirsty A. , Barber Imelda S. , Clement Naomi , Patel Tulsi , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Brookes Keeley J. , Chappell Sally , Craigon Jim , Chapman Natalie H. ,   ARUK Consortium, Morgan Kevin , Seymour Graham B. , Bottley Andrew
Published: December 2017

A number of genetic loci associate with early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD); however, the drivers of this disease remains enigmatic. Genome wide association and in vivo modeling have shown that loss-of-function, e.g., ABCA7, reduced levels of SIRT1 and MEFF2C, or increased levels of PTK2β confer risk or link to the pathogenies. It is known that DNA methylation can profoundly affect gene expression and can impact on the composition of the proteome; therefore, the aim of this study is to assess if genes associated with sporadic EOAD (sEOAD) are differentially methylated. Epi-profiles of DNA extracted from blood and cortex were compared using a pyrosequencing platform. We identified significant group-wide hypomethylation in AD blood when compared to controls for 7 CpGs located within the 3’UTR of RIN3 (CpG1 p = 0.019, CpG2 p = 0.018, CpG3 p = 0.012, CpG4 p = 0.009, CpG5 p = 0.002, CpG6 p = 0.018, and CpG7 p = 0.013, respectively; AD/Control n = 22/26; Male/Female n = 27/21). Observed effects were not gender specific. No group wide significant differences were found in the promoter methylation of PTK2β, ABCA7, SIRT1, or MEF2C, genes known to associate with late onset AD. A rare and significant difference in methylation was observed for one CpG located upstream of the MEF2C promoter in one AD individual only (22% reduction in methylation, p = 2.0E-10; Control n = 26, AD n = 25, Male/Female n = 29/22). It is plausible aberrant methylation may mark sEOAD in blood and may manifest in some individuals as rare epi-variants for genes linked to sEOAD.
Interictal Epileptiform Activity in the Foramen Ovale Electrodes of a Frontotemporal Dementia Patient
Authors: Horváth András , Szűcs Anna , Barcs Gábor , Fabó Dániel , Kelemen Anna , Halász Péter , Erőss Loránd , Kamondi Anita
Published: December 2017

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a frequent cause of cognitive decline. While epilepsy is an important comorbidity of Alzheimer’s disease, we lack studies on its presence in FTD. We report on an FTD patient with transient, short-term changes of behavior and cognitive performance suggesting non-convulsive epilepsy. Video-EEG recording with foramen ovale (FO) electrodes revealed mesio-temporal epileptiform potentials, undetectable by scalp leads. We also found beta spindles in the FO electrodes, not described in the literature. We conclude that video-EEG monitoring with FO electrodes might usefully complement the assessment of dementia-associated epilepsy opening new perspectives in dementia-research.
Efficacy and Safety of the Immunization with DNA for Alzheimer’s Disease in Animal Models: A Systematic Review from Literature
Authors: Martins Yandara Akamine , Tsuchida Cristiane Jumko , Antoniassi Patrícia , Demarchi Izabel Galhardo
Published: December 2017

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that does not have a proven cure; however, one of the most promising strategies for its treatment has been DNA vaccines.

Objective:

The present review is aimed to report the new developments of the efficacy and safety of DNA vaccines for AD in animal models.

Method:

The method PRISMA was used for this review. The article search was made in the electronic databases PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus using the descriptors ‘’Alzheimer disease” and ‘’Vaccine, DNA”. Articles published between January 2001 and September 2017 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were included.

Results:

Upon the consensus, the researchers identified 28 original articles. The studies showed satisfying results as for the decrease of amyloid plaques in mouse, rabbits, and monkeys brains using mostly the DNA Aβ42 vaccine, AV-1955, and AdPEDI-(Aβ1-6)11, mainly with a gene gun. In addition to a reduction in tau by the first DNA vaccine (AV-1980D) targeting this protein. The use of adjuvants and boosters also had positive results as they increased the destruction of the amyloid plaques and induced an anti-inflammatory response profile without side effects.

Conclusion:

The results of DNA vaccines targeting the amyloid-β and the tau protein with or without adjuvants and boosters were promising in reducing amyloid plaques and tau protein without side effects in animals. Although there are many vaccines being tested in animals, few reach clinical trials. Thus, as a future perspective, we suggest that clinical studies should be conducted with vaccines that have been promising in animal models (e.g., DNA Aβ42 vaccine, AV-1955, and AdPEDI-(Aβ1-6)11).
Studies on Copper and Aβ1-16-Induced Conformational Changes in CAG/CTG Trinucleotide Repeats Sequence
Authors: Govindaraju M. , Rao Jayanth K.S. , Jagadeesh Kumar D. , Prasada Rao U.J.S. , Sambasiva Rao K.R.S. , Rao K.S.
Published: December 2017

DNA conformation and stability are critical for the normal cell functions, which control many cellular processes in life, such as replication, transcription, DNA repair, etc. The accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and Copper (Cu) are the etiological factors for neurodegenerative diseases and hypothesized that they can cause DNA instability. In the current investigation, we studied copper and Aβ1-16 induced conformation and stability changes in CAG/CTG sequences and found alterations from B-DNA to altered B-conformation. Further, the interaction of the copper and Aβ1-16 with CAG/CTG sequences was studied by molecular docking modeling and results indicated that the interaction of copper and Aβ1-16 was through the hydrogen bond formation between adenine, guanine, and cytocine. This study illustrates the role of the copper and Aβ1-16 in modulating the DNA conformation and stability.
Genuine semantic publishing
Authors: Kuhn Tobias , Dumontier Michel
Published: December 2017

Various approaches and systems have been presented in the context of scholarly communication for what has been called semantic publishing. Closer inspection, however, reveals that these approaches are mostly not about publishing semantic representations, as the name seems to suggest. Rather, they take the processes and outcomes of the current narrative-based publishing system for granted and only work with already published papers. This includes approaches involving semantic annotations, semantic interlinking, semantic integration, and semantic discovery, but with the semantics coming into play only after the publication of the original article. While these are interesting and important approaches, they fall short of providing a vision to transcend the current publishing paradigm. We argue here for taking the term semantic publishing literally and work towards a vision of genuine semantic publishing, where computational tools and algorithms can help us with dealing with the wealth of human knowledge by letting researchers capture their research results with formal semantics from the start, as integral components of their publications. We argue that these semantic components should furthermore cover at least the main claims of the work, that they should originate from the authors themselves, and that they should be fine-grained and light-weight for optimized re-usability and minimized publication overhead. This paper is in fact not just advocating our concept, but is itself a genuine semantic publication, thereby demonstrating and illustrating our points.
Automating semantic publishing
Authors: Peroni Silvio
Published: December 2017

Semantic Publishing involves the use of Web and Semantic Web technologies and standards for the semantic enhancement of a scholarly work so as to improve its discoverability, interactivity, openness and (re-)usability for both humans and machines. Recently, people have suggested that the semantic enhancements of a scholarly work should be undertaken by the authors of that scholarly work, and should be considered as integral parts of the contribution subjected to peer review. However, this requires that the authors should spend additional time and effort adding such semantic annotations, time that they usually do not have available. Thus, the most pragmatic way to facilitate this additional task is to use automated services that create the semantic annotation of authors’ scholarly articles by parsing the content that they have already written, thus reducing the additional time required of the authors to that for checking and validating these semantic annotations. In this article, I propose a generic approach called compositional and iterative semantic enhancement (CISE) that enables the automatic enhancement of scholarly papers with additional semantic annotations in a way that is independent of the markup used for storing scholarly articles and the natural language used for writing their content.
Evaluation of Crop to Crop Water Demand Forecasting: Tomatoes and Bell Peppers Grown in a Commercial Greenhouse
Authors: Rice Dean , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David , Bata Mo’tamad
Published: December 2017

Forecasting crop water demand is a critical part of any greenhouse’s day-to-day operations. This study focuses on a region located in Essex County, Ontario Canada where water demand is dominated by commercial greenhouse operations (78% of capacity). Development of complex and elaborate forecasting methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN) can be costly to develop and implement, especially with the limited resources available to greenhouses. This study proposes simplified forecasting methods that would be used in conjunction with a more complex base model architecture. These simplified methods use one crop water usage as an indicator of another’s, and is titled crop-to-crop forecasting (C2C). In this study, tomatoes and peppers were evaluated, and three C2C models were developed along with an ANN base model to provide a basis for evaluation. The models were created using a dataset containing hourly watering data along with climatic and temporal data for the period between June 2015 and August 2016. The three C2C architectures used were linear regression (LR), quotient method (QM), and feed-forward neural network (FFNN), compared with the (ANN) model, which is a feed-forward neural network with extra inputs (FFNN-EI). Each model was evaluated using the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE). The results show that all C2C methods have higher RMSE and NRMSE than that of the base model, with an average RMSE increase of 12% for peppers and 29% for tomatoes.
The Use of a Spectral Nudging Technique to Determine the Impact of Environmental Factors on the Track of Typhoon Megi (2010)
Authors: Guo Xingliang , Zhong Wei
Published: December 2017

Sensitivity tests based on a spectral nudging (SN) technique are conducted to analyze the effect of large-scale environmental factors on the movement of typhoon Megi (2010). The error of simulated typhoon track is effectively reduced using SN and the impact of dynamical factors is more significant than that of thermal factors. During the initial integration and deflection period of Megi (2010), the local steering flow of the whole and lower troposphere is corrected by a direct large-scale wind adjustment, which improves track simulation. However, environmental field nudging may weaken the impacts of terrain and typhoon system development in the landfall period, resulting in large simulated track errors. Comparison of the steering flow and inner structure of the typhoon reveals that the large-scale circulation influences the speed and direction of typhoon motion by: (1) adjusting the local steering flow and (2) modifying the environmental vertical wind shear to change the location and symmetry of the inner severe convection.
Was the Watchmaker Blind? Or Was She One-Eyed?
Authors: Noble Raymond , Noble Denis
Published: December 2017

The question whether evolution is blind is usually presented as a choice between no goals at all (‘the blind watchmaker’) and long-term goals which would be external to the organism, for example in the form of special creation or intelligent design. The arguments either way do not address the question whether there are short-term goals within rather than external to organisms. Organisms and their interacting populations have evolved mechanisms by which they can harness blind stochasticity and so generate rapid functional responses to environmental challenges. They can achieve this by re-organising their genomes and/or their regulatory networks. Epigenetic as well as DNA changes are involved. Evolution may have no foresight, but it is at least partially directed by organisms themselves and by the populations of which they form part. Similar arguments support partial direction in the evolution of behavior.
Histology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: An Update
Authors: Paolino Giovanni , Donati Michele , Didona Dario , Mercuri Santo , Cantisani Carmen
Published: December 2017

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in humans. Several different non-melanoma skin cancers have been reported in the literature, with several histologic variants that frequently cause important differential diagnoses with other cutaneous tumors basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor, with different histologic variants that are associated with a greater or less aggressive behavior and that usually may be confused with other primitive skin tumors. Actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) correspond to the other line of NMSC, that may have only local tumoral behavior, easy to treat and with local management (as in the case of actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen’s disease, and keratoacanthoma) or a more aggressive behavior with a potential metastatic spread, as in case of invasive SCC. Therefore, histopathology serves as the gold standard during daily clinical practice, in order to improve the therapeutical approaches to patients with NMSC and to understand the distinct histopathological features of NMSC. Here, we reported the main pathological features of different non-melanoma skin cancers.
The Influence of Epitaxial Crystallization on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Injection Bar
Authors: Chi Enyi , An Minfang , Yao Guibin , Tian Feng , Wang Zongbao
Published: December 2017

Polyamide 66 (PA66) was chosen as the representative of hydrophilic polymers, to investigate the influence of epitaxial crystals in semi-crystalline polymers/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite injection-molding bars. A differential scanning calorimeter was used, and the two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction technique, as well as the two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering technique, were used to research the crystallization behavior in PA66/RGO nanocomposites. The results indicated that RGO was an effective nucleation agent for PA66. The presence of RGO could enhance the orientation degree of the PA66 crystals and did not influence the crystal structure of the PA66. The non-epitaxial crystals and the epitaxial crystals existed in PA66/RGO nanocomposites. The size of epitaxial crystals was much greater than that of the non-epitaxial crystals. Tensile test results showed that the presence of fewer epitaxial crystals can improve the mechanical properties of a polymer.
Normalised Mutual Information of High-Density Surface Electromyography during Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Bingham Adrian , Arjunan Sridhar , Jelfs Beth , Kumar Dinesh
Published: December 2017

This study has developed a technique for identifying the presence of muscle fatigue based on the spatial changes of the normalised mutual information (NMI) between multiple high density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) channels. Muscle fatigue in the tibialis anterior (TA) during isometric contractions at 40% and 80% maximum voluntary contraction levels was investigated in ten healthy participants (Age range: 21 to 35 years; Mean age = 26 years; Male = 4, Female = 6). HD-sEMG was used to record 64 channels of sEMG using a 16 by 4 electrode array placed over the TA. The NMI of each electrode with every other electrode was calculated to form an NMI distribution for each electrode. The total NMI for each electrode (the summation of the electrode’s NMI distribution) highlighted regions of high dependence in the electrode array and was observed to increase as the muscle fatigued. To summarise this increase, a function, M(k), was defined and was found to be significantly affected by fatigue and not by contraction force. The technique discussed in this study has overcome issues regarding electrode placement and was used to investigate how the dependences between sEMG signals within the same muscle change spatially during fatigue.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Student Interest in STEM Careers: The Roles of Motivation and Ability Beliefs
Authors: LaForce Melanie , Noble Elizabeth , Blackwell Courtney
Published: December 2017

Amid growing concerns about the future of the U.S. economy and workforce, educators and policymakers alike have increasingly emphasized the need to expand the number of students interested in, qualified for and actually pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The current study draws on survey responses from a sample of 3852 high school students at inclusive STEM schools across the U.S. to investigate how project- and problem-based learning (PBL) may work to address this need. Multivariate regression results indicate that student ratings of PBL are associated with interest in pursuing a career in STEM, as well as with intrinsic motivation for science and students’ ability beliefs for both science and math. Further, mediation analysis using Hayes’ (2014) MEDIATE macro suggests that science intrinsic motivation and ability beliefs mediate the relationship between perceived PBL experiences and student interest in a future STEM career (IFSC). Our results highlight the important potential of PBL for increasing student STEM attitudes and interest in future STEM careers. As one of the only large-scale quantitative analyses of its kind, this study provides critical information for educators, school administrators and policymakers as they continue to seek effective ways of encouraging students to pursue STEM careers.
REDD+ Crossroads Post Paris: Politics, Lessons and Interplays
Authors: Corbera Esteve , Schroeder Heike
Published: December 2017

This article introduces the special issue “REDD+ crossroads post Paris: politics, lessons and interplays”. The contributions to the special issue demonstrate, first, that REDD+ design in the studied countries has generally lacked social legitimacy and sidelined key actors that have an important role in shaping land-use sector dynamics. Second, they show that REDD+ early actions have tended to oversimplify local realities and have been misaligned with other policy goals and local needs. Third, REDD+ efforts have remained constrained to the forestry or climate mitigation policy sectors and have thus suffered from a lack of harmonization across local, national and international concerns, specifically of contradictory policy. As REDD+ moves from its preparedness to its implementation phase, more research efforts should be aimed at analysing the power relations that underpin and determine the design and implementation of REDD+ policies and actions, the potential for and limits to the vertical and horizontal harmonization of land-use policies and management, and the processes of resistance to or accommodation of REDD+ practices on the ground. In doing so, we advocate for multi-and transdisciplinary research that does not take for granted the benefits of REDD+ and which critically scrutinizes the multiple goals of this ambitious international policy framework, and where it sits within the broader Paris Agreement implementation agenda.
Differential Expression of VvLOXA Diversifies C6 Volatile Profiles in Some Vitis vinifera Table Grape Cultivars
Authors: Qian Xu , Sun Lei , Xu Xiao-Qing , Zhu Bao-Qing , Xu Hai-Ying
Published: December 2017

C6 volatiles are synthesized through lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase (LOX-HPL) pathway and these volatiles play important roles in the aromatic quality of grape berries. This study investigated the evolution of both C6 volatiles and the key genes in the LOX-HPL pathway in different table grape cultivars during the berry development period, and further assessed the correlation between the accumulation of C6 volatiles and the expression of these genes in these cultivars. Results showed that hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol were found to be the dominant C6 volatiles in these ripened grape cultivars under two consecutive vintages, and their flavor notes were incorporated in the overall aroma of these cultivars. The cultivar “Xiangfei” showed the most abundant level of C6 aldehydes and C6 acid, whereas the cultivar “Tamina” and “Moldova” possessed the highest C6 alcohol content. The “Muscat of Alexandria” cultivar was found to contain the highest level of C6 esters. C6 volatiles were grouped into three evolutionary patterns in these cultivars during berry development, and their evolution was consistent with the evolution of the LOX-HPL pathway genes’ expression. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that the LOX-HPL-pathway-related genes were correlated to the accumulation of C6 volatiles in these cultivars, and VvLOXA appeared to be an important gene that regulated the synthesis of all C6 volatiles.
Addendum: Cechová, M. et al. Towards Better Understanding of Pea Seed Dormancy Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2196
Authors: Cechová Monika , Válková Markéta , Hradilová Iveta , Janská Anna , Soukup Aleš , Smýkal Petr , Bednář Petr
Published: December 2017

It has been brought to our attention that one funding project of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LO1417) was missing in the Acknowledgement section of our published paper [1], and therefore we would like to add it and report the Acknowledgements as follows [...]
The Role of PAR2 in TGF-β1-Induced ERK Activation and Cell Motility
Authors: Ungefroren Hendrik , Witte David , Fiedler Christian , Gädeken Thomas , Kaufmann Roland , Lehnert Hendrik , Gieseler Frank , Rauch Bernhard
Published: December 2017

Background: Recently, the expression of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been shown to be essential for activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/SMAD-mediated signaling and cell migration by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. However, it is not known whether activation of non-SMAD TGF-β signaling (e.g., RAS–RAF–MEK–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling) is required for cell migration and whether it is also dependent on PAR2. Methods: RNA interference was used to deplete cells of PAR2, followed by xCELLigence technology to measure cell migration, phospho-immunoblotting to assess ERK1/2 activation, and co-immunoprecipitation to detect a PAR2–ALK5 physical interaction. Results: Inhibition of ERK signaling with the MEK inhibitor U0126 blunted the ability of TGF-β1 to induce migration in pancreatic cancer Panc1 cells. ERK activation in response to PAR2 agonistic peptide (PAR2–AP) was strong and rapid, while it was moderate and delayed in response to TGF-β1. Basal and TGF-β1-dependent ERK, but not SMAD activation, was blocked by U0126 in Panc1 and other cell types indicating that ERK activation is downstream or independent of SMAD signaling. Moreover, cellular depletion of PAR2 in HaCaT cells strongly inhibited TGF-β1-induced ERK activation, while the biased PAR2 agonist GB88 at 10 and 100 µM potentiated TGF-β1-dependent ERK activation and cell migration. Finally, we provide evidence for a physical interaction between PAR2 and ALK5. Our data show that both PAR2–AP- and TGF-β1-induced cell migration depend on ERK activation, that PAR2 expression is crucial for TGF-β1-induced ERK activation, and that the functional cooperation of PAR2 and TGF-β1 involves a physical interaction between PAR2 and ALK5.
Leptin Stimulates Prolactin mRNA Expression in the Goldfish Pituitary through a Combination of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MKK3/6/p38MAPK and MEK1/2/ERK1/2 Signalling Pathways
Authors: Yan Aifen , Chen Yanfeng , Chen Shuang , Li Shuisheng , Zhang Yong , Jia Jirong , Yu Hui , Liu Lian , Liu Fang , Hu Chaoqun , Tang Dongsheng , Chen Ting
Published: December 2017

Leptin actions at the pituitary level have been extensively investigated in mammalian species, but remain insufficiently characterized in lower vertebrates, especially in teleost fish. Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone of central importance to osmoregulation in fish. Using goldfish as a model, we examined the global and brain-pituitary distribution of a leptin receptor (lepR) and examined the relationship between expression of lepR and major pituitary hormones in different pituitary regions. The effects of recombinant goldfish leptin-AI and leptin-AII on PRL mRNA expression in the pituitary were further analysed, and the mechanisms underlying signal transduction for leptin-induced PRL expression were determined by pharmacological approaches. Our results showed that goldfish lepR is abundantly expressed in the brain-pituitary regions, with highly overlapping PRL transcripts within the pituitary. Recombinant goldfish leptin-AI and leptin-AII proteins could stimulate PRL mRNA expression in dose- and time-dependent manners in the goldfish pituitary, by both intraperitoneal injection and primary cell incubation approaches. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MKK3/6/p38MAPK, and MEK1/2/ERK1/2—but not JAK2/STAT 1, 3 and 5 cascades—were involved in leptin-induced PRL mRNA expression in the goldfish pituitary.
Optic Nerve Stimulation System with Adaptive Wireless Powering and Data Telemetry
Authors: Li Xing , Lu Yan , Meng Xiaodong , Tsui Chi-Ying , Ki Wing-Hung
Published: December 2017

To treat retinal degenerative diseases, a transcorneal electrical stimulation-based system is proposed, which consists of an eye implant and an external component. The eye implant is wirelessly powered and controlled by the external component to generate the required bi-polar current pattern for transcorneal stimulation with an amplitude range of 5 μA to 320 μA, a frequency range of 10 Hz to 160 Hz and a duty ratio range of 2.5% to 20%. Power delivery control includes power boosting in preparation for stimulation, and normal power regulation that adapts to both coupling and load variations. Only one pair of coils is used for both the power link and the bi-directional data link. Except for the secondary coil, the eye implant is fully integrated on chip and is fabricated using UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan) 0.13 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process with a size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm. The secondary coil is fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a diameter of only 4.4 mm. After coating with biocompatible silicone, the whole implant has dimensions of 6 mm in diameter with a thickness of less than 1 mm. The whole device can be put onto the sclera and beneath the eye’s conjunctiva. System functionality and electrical performance are demonstrated with measurement results.