bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECTS FOR CREATION OF PREVENTIVE DRUGS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM PLANTS OF THE CASPIAN REGION
Authors: Sukhenko Liudmila , Umerova Adelya
Published: December 2023

The antioxidant activity of root extracts and seeds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was studied using a physi-cochemical method using a spectrophotometer; preparation “licorice extract “Glycirfite”, containing a group of flavonoid compounds, saponins, terpenoids, resins; Sophora japonica L. fruit extract con-taining 8 flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-3-sophoroside, quercetin-3-rutinoside and genistein-4-sophorabioside, Juglans regia L. pericarp extract containing phenolic acids, ascorbic acid flavonoids (up to 3%) , tannins. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a method based on the DPPH inhibition reaction. The control drugs were a 5% aqueous-salt solution of ascorbic acid (50 mg/ml) and a 10% solution of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) in oil. The greatest antioxidant activity was demonstrated by extracts of the fruits of Glycyrrhiza glabra, the fruits of Sophora japonica and the drug “GLYCIRFITE”, which, in our opinion, contained the largest amount of antioxidant components. A high degree of inhibition of free radical processes was demonstrated by an aqueous extract of licorice root and an extract of the pericarp Juglans regia. Studies have shown low AOA of ascorbic acid and vitamin E drug solutions in this experiment.
Non-profit organizations as the subjects of socio-economic development of the regions in the Volga Federal District (data taken from the Presidential Grants Fund)
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nekrasova D. V. , Mukhin M. A. ,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Perm State University, Urasova A. A. ,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Recent decade, attention to the third sector of the economy has increased. Non-profit organizations which used to be companies with targeted assistance are increasingly becoming full-fledged subjects of socio-economic processes, partners of public authorities, and local self-government in solving socially significant issues. Their specialized activities make them a source of innovations in the social sphere, generate new options for solving various problems, and the chance to attract grant or charitable funds to solve such problems and to lower the burden on municipal and regional budgets. This actually turns out to be almost the only funding source for measures to address social problems at the deficit budget territories. Purpose. The article analyzes the capacity of non-profit organizations as a source of extra finding in the regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and Methods. The article refers to a statistical analysis of the 2017–2022 quantitative data by the regions in the Volga Federal District. Results. The study examined the practices followed by the non-profit organizations of the regions in the Volga Federal District in attracting the Presidential Grants Fund to implement socially significant projects in 2017–2022. Conclusion. Grants fund the non-profit organizations to implement socially valuable projects. This creates extra working places, solves socially important concerns in the territories, tests innovative mechanisms for solving public issues.
An approach to modeling a region’s innovation activity
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Valinurova Liliya S. , Oreshnikov Vladimir V. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology,   Institute for Social and Economic Research, Ufa Federal Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Innovation activity of the regions in the Russian Federation includes many aspects with their changes determined by various factors. These conditions make it a challenge to manage this activity and require a clear understanding of the consequences from the implemented activities. The paper focuses on the problem to forecast the changes in the parameters in question. Purpose. The paper aims at outlining the groups of regions in the context of their innovation activity and developing a structural-logical model of a region’s innovation activity. Materials and methods. Federal State Statistics data were analyzed to reveal the development parameters of the Russian regions; the study uses such methods as structural and dynamic analysis, cluster analysis, structural-logical modeling. Results. The presentedbrief review of the approaches to defining the key concepts in this area revealed the lack of a unified approach even at the conceptual level. Further analysis of the methods used to solve the problems of forecasting the situation showed that, despite a wide set of economic-mathematical and other tools, it is not possible to directly use previously obtained results in most cases at the regional level. The innovation activity parameters of the Russian Federation constituents were analyzed to identity the groups of regions that differ significantly in terms of the set of parameters in question. The structural-logical model of the region’s innovation activity as an element of the general model of socio-economic development of the region was proposed. Conclusion. Further parameterization of the proposed modelfor the region’s innovation activity should take into account the distinctive features of a particular regional system. At the same time, we believe the proposed model can be the starting point to develop a standard core of the decision making support system in this area.
Prospects for the Use of the Silurian Carbonate Sequences of the Alakit-Markhinskiy Kimberlite Field for Drainage Water Injection
Authors:   Yakutniproalmaz, Yannikov A.M. , Struchkova A.S. ,   Yakutniproalmaz, Ovchinnikova M.Yu. ,   Yakutniproalmaz,   Voronezh State University
Published: December 2023

The development of the unique Yubileinaya pipe diamond deposit is accompanied by the formation of highly mineralized drainage waters, represented by practically unaltered natural brines of the Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian aquifers. Currently, drainage waters are injected into intrapermafrost collectors used as the main brine-absorbing structure. The lithofacies conditions of the Alakit-Markhinskoe kimberlite field has been chosen because of presence of the most representative Silurian sections in Western Yakutia, overlain by members of Carboniferous and Permian terrigenous deposits, as well as fairly thick trapp effusive fields (50–150 m). The study of cryohydrogeological conditions in the carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate rocks of the Silurian was carried out in the period 2014-2022 using standard methods to assess their potential for intrapermafrost reservoirs formation. In result of the studies, the main lithological types of the Silurian rocks, which are capable of forming an intrapermafrost technogenic aquifer due to the injection of drainage water and providing the safe development of the deposit to the entire design depth, are described.
Stochastic Consideration of Geotechnical Properties of Soils and Parameters of Karst Distribution in Deterministic Methods for Prediction of Karst Collapses
Authors:   Perm State University, Bazhutin P.I. , Kataev V.N. ,   Perm State University, Shcherbakov S.V. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the problem of calculation of the morphometric parameters of possible karst forms by prediction deterministic methods. The forecast diameter of the karst collapse is the most important parameter for consider of structures in the karst areas, and modern requirements of the regulatory documentation indicate the mandatory use of design deterministic methods. Despite this, to date, there is no single approach capable of providing a true result in various geological conditions. The article proposes an author's approach that allows increasing the prediction accuracy, as well as to obtain a quantitative description of the reliability of the diameter of a possible karst collapse.
Features of the Formation of Gold Placers in the Mountain Area of the Southern Urals (on the Example of Suleymenovskaya Multilayer Placer)
Authors:   Institute of Geology of Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazakov P.V.
Published: December 2023

Analysis of the formation conditions of Quaternary gold placers in the mountain area of the Southern Urals on the example of the Suleymenskaya multilayer placer shows that the most productive are the Eopleistocene and Middle Neopleistocene placer cycles associated with the final phase of the continuously intermittent neoorogenic rise of the territory. At the same time, the productivity of placers increases with the increase in the scale of fluvial processing of sediments of the Eopleistocene paleo-cleft and the transition of placers to the Middle Neopleistocene. The source of gold of the Suleymenskaya placer is the zone of gold ore mineralization in the northern part of the Tungatarovskiy fault. Prospects for expanding the raw material base of the territory are associated with the productive sediments of buried Eopleistocene paleo-cleft, coinciding with the zones of goldsulfide mineralization.
Features of Physical-Chemical Properties of Oil as Indicators of Oil Systems (on Example of the Permian Arch)
Authors:   Perm State University, Kozhevnikova E.E. , Yakovlev Yu.A. ,   Perm State University, Bashkova S.E. ,   Perm State University, Volkova A.O. ,   Perm State University, Botalova A.V. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

The physical-chemical properties of the oil of the Permian Arch oil fields are considered. Based on 838 oil samples from seven Paleozoic gas and oil complexes, ranges of physical-chemical indicators, including density, sulfur, nitrogen, resins, asphaltenes, paraffins and metalloporphyrins, were established. The physical-chemical characteristics of oil are considered as identifiers of the conditions for the formation of oil and gas potential. By performing cluster analysis based on 353 samples, five homogeneous physical-chemical groups of oil (clusters) were identified. The properties of oil of oil and gas complexes and clusters are presented in the "box plot" diagrams. The interpretation of the data was carried out taking into account the ideas about the possible formation of the oil and gas potential of the Permian arch due to three oil systems – "riphean", "devonian terrigenous" and "domanic". The different composition of oil within the field ("diversity of properties") may indicate the features of hypergenic transformations of the composition of oil, as well as possible migration from several generation zones at different time stages. The relatively homogeneous properties of the oil at the YarinskoKamennolozhskoye and Osinskoye fields are interpreted as the result of generation in sources that are productive in volume and intensive in time, and according to the characteristics of the physical-chemical clusters probably belonging to different zones of generation of the "domanic" system.
Biotic Aspects of Geo-Environmental Studies for Environmental Engineering Surveys
Authors:   Natural Sciences Institute of Perm State University, Karavaeva T.I. , Efimik E.G. ,   Perm State University, Baklanov M.A. ,   Perm State University, Tikhonov V.P. ,   Natural Sciences Institute of Perm State University, Khalilov R.I. ,   Natural Sciences Institute of Perm State University
Published: December 2023

A theoretical review of publications containing information on the habitats of rare and protected plant species in the central and southern part of the Verkhnekamskoye salt deposit (Perm Krai) has been carried out. Information on the habitats of rare and protected plant and lichen species included in the Red Book of the Perm Territory and growing in the area is summarized. The insufficient amount of the available data required for engineering and ecological surveys has been shown. The need to carry out the special research to identify locations of protected plant, fungi and lichen species and to assess the status of their populations, initiated by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry and Ecology of the Perm Territory, is considered.
The Evolution of the Chemical Composition of Phosphates as an Evidence of the Multi-Phase Formation of the Alkaline-Carbonate Fluid-Explosive System of the Middle Timan
Authors:   Institute of Geology Komi SC Russian Academy of Sciences, Golubeva I.I. , Filippov V.N. ,   Institute of Geology Komi SC Russian Academy of Sciences, Shuyskiy A.S. ,   Institute of Geology Komi SC Russian Academy of Sciences, Burtsev I.N. ,   Institute of Geology Komi SC Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The alkaline-carbonate fluid-explosive structure in the Middle Timan includes carbonatites, carbonatized fluidexplosive dikes, and fenitized terrigenous-carbonate rocks of the Riphean. Phosphates, represented by monazite and apatite, are formed in all rocks. The chemical composition of the minerals testifies to the multiphase formation of this structure and a single source of fluids involved in its formation.
Transformation of Riverbed Processes in Case of their Interaction with Cities and Vice Versa (on the Example of Valleys of the Sozh and Iput Rivers, Republic of Belarus)
Authors:   Gomel State University named after F. Skarina, Melezh T.A.
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the relationship and interaction of the city with riverbeds and vice versa. It is determined that low-order rivers react more quickly to the impact of man-made factors, radically changing the type of riverbed processes (the Iput River). High-order rivers react primarily by changing morphometric characteristics (Sozh River).
Transient Electromagnetic Flaw Detection and Casing Wall Thickness Measurements in Multi-String Wells
Authors:   NPP VNIIGIS PJSC, Golovatskaya G.I. , Potapov A.P. ,   NPP VNIIGIS PJSC, Shumilov V.I. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

The transient electromagnetic method is the most effective in the studying of multi-string wells. First, the nonstationary field is measured after the current is turned off (without the primary field) that reduces the coil spacing to zero, i.e. combine the generator and receiver coils. This significantly improves the vertical characteristic of the probe, allows the probe to register small defects. Second, the non-stationary mode allows separating signals from the first, second, third, etc. strings much easier than the harmonic mode. It improves the accuracy of thickness estimation and defect detection. The paper proposes an algorithm for interpreting the measurement results.
Institutional Evolution of the Global Oil Market
Authors:   Perm State University, Bolotov G.B.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the institutional stages of the development of the world oil market, conditioned by the dominant types of market structures (monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition), the positions of the largest players, pricing methods.
Assessment of Phosphogypsum on the Territory of JSC Gomel Chemical Plant and its Processing Technology
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Yushchenko I.S.
Published: December 2023

JSC Gomel Chemical Plant is processing the apatite ore by the sulfuric acid extraction in order to obtain phosphorus mineral fertilizers. The plant operation is accompanied with formation and accumulation of the largevolume dumps of phosphogypsum on the enterprise's territory. Using the software product Google Earth Pro 7.3.3.7786, an assessment of the areal distribution and height of large-tonnage phosphogypsum dumps located in the territory of the enterprise's influence was made. The results of phosphogypsum laboratory study were considered. Based on data analysis, proposals for the use of phosphogypsum in various industries have been worked out, and the production of phosphogypsum stone was indicated as the most promising.
Ecological Significance of the Quality of Spring Water Sources for Humans Domestic and Drinking Purposes on an Example of the Orenburg Region
Authors:   Department of Geology, Geodesy and Cadastre, Orenburg State University, Myazina N.G. , Savilova E.B. ,   Department of Geology, Geodesy and Cadastre, Orenburg State University
Published: December 2023

The new data of potable waters study at number of springs of the Orenburg region are considered in the article. Hydrogeological conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics of drained groundwater were estimated on the example of erosion springs. Using different classifications, waters of two types with mineralization of 0.2-0.4 g/dm3 bicarbonate, less often sulfate-bicarbonate magnesium-calcium, calcium-magnesium (C, SC MgCa. CaMg) were identified. The sources of fresh water in springs drained from terrigenous-carbonate aquifers in deposits of the Upper Carboniferous, Tatarian, Kazanian, and Santonian Stages with mineralization of 0.22-0.411g/dm3 were studied. The water has a low hardness of 3.8-5.69 mg-eq/L with a carbonate hardness of 3.6-5.0 mg-eq/L that is suitable for drinking purposes. Following O.A. Alekin, the types of magnesium-calcium (Mg Ca), calcium-magnesium (Ca Mg) waters in the springs were identified by cations. The magnesium content ranges from 18 to 48 mg/L. The content of macro components is a significant component of the human life expectancy. In a result of study, recommendations on the use of underground spring waters as a potable water of good quality are made. This knowledge is important for the use of high-quality drinking water without consequences for human health and human ecology.
Portfólio: ferramenta de avaliação aplicada com idosos no contexto da EAD
Authors: Varela Aline Silva , Araujo Eliza Flora Muniz , Serra Ilka , Oliveira Efigênia Magda Vieira de , Cardoso Marlene Lobato Martins
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo visa apresentar o resultado da investigação sobre o portfólio enquanto ferramenta de avaliação, trabalhada num curso de formação continuada para pessoas idosas, na modalidade EaD, enquanto processo formativo, sistemático e contínuo. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de natureza qualitativa descritiva, com procedimento bibliográfico, cujos dados e informações foram obtidos do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem do Curso Educação para o Envelhecimento, ofertado pela . Constatou-se que o portfólio foi utilizado como registro de experiências vivenciadas e, também, possibilitou o exercício da reflexão sobre tais experiências.
Bethlen Miklós tankönyve a 17. századból
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya
Published: December 2023

Az ifjú Bethlen Miklós, a későbbi erdélyi kancellár, a kor uralkodó szokása szerint külföldi tanulmányúton járt előbb Heidelbergben, majd Leidenben és Utrechtben. Emlékirataiban részletesen beszámol tanítóiról, módszereikről és az oktatáshoz használt könyvekről.
Globalne veze i usporedbe u praksi: sinteze moderne i suvremene povijesti C. A. Baylyja
Authors: Janković Branimir
Published: December 2023

This paper sets forth from the hypothesis that the rise of comparative, transnational, global histories and entangled history is due to theoretical works, but also historical works in which the historians practiced the aforementioned approaches. The paper thus focuses on two books by C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons and Remaking the Modern World 1900-2015: Global Connections and Comparisons. In his syntheses of global history, Bayly focused on connections, comparisons and entanglements. In this sense, Bayly’s books may be particularly beneficial to Croatian historiography. Besides engendering familiarity with recent syntheses of global history in the 19th and 20th centuries, the examples of Bayly’s works facilitate insight into the application of comparative, transnational and global history and entangled history in practice.
Method for Assessing Reliability of the Power Supply System for Electronic Security Systems of Intelligent Buildings Taking Into Account External Natural Interference
Authors: Rosiński Adam , Paś Jacek , Białek Kamil , Wetoszka Patryk
Published: December 2023

The article presents issues related to the reliability of power supply for electronic security devices in intelligent buildings. These systems function under varied environmental conditions and are exposed to external or internal natural and artificial interference; lightning, in particular. The authors conducted actual experimental tests of two surge arresters that are used to protect against a lightning impulse. As a result of conducted tests, followed by reliability and operational modelling, it was concluded that their use in internal connection structures increased the probability of a system staying in a state of full fitness. All of the deliberations included in the article enabled developing a new method for assessing the power supply continuity in electronic security systems of intelligent buildings, taking into account external natural interference. This method can also be applied to assess the power supply continuity in other electronic systems and devices.
INCIDENCE AND DEMOGRAPHICS MANIFESTATIONS OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN SULAIMANYIAH CITY
Authors: Ali Rozhgar , Ameen Hazha , Nidhamalddin Sara , Hassan Mohammed , Qadir Azhin
Published: December 2023

Background 

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy. However, there is a shifting paradigm and clinical manifestation related to the early presentation.

Objectives 

To know the incidence and evaluate the demographic manifestations of colorectal cancers in Sulaimani.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 516 patients admitted to Hiwa Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Data of patients were retrieved from the hospital database. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years who had colorectal cancers. Demographic features, including ages and gender, clinical manifestations, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, constipation, and personal and family history of malignancy, were recorded. Also, the location, stages, and histopathological features of cancer were recorded.

Results

The incidence of colorectal cancers was 40.3 per 100000 persons per year. There was no significant shifting of colorectal cancer incidence toward younger ages (p-value = 0.605). The majority of patients were aged >50 years, and the male: female ratio was (1.1:1). Most patients were presented with abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, and constipation; 64.5%, 57.2%, and 41.9%, respectively. A significant association was found between grades and presentations. There was a significant association of polyp findings on colonoscopy with their staging. 

Conclusion

The incidence of colorectal cancers in Sulaimani did not significantly shift toward younger ages but slightly increased. Colorectal cancer had near-the-same gender distribution, and most patients had abdominal pain and bleeding per rectum.
CASE REPORT: POST-MEGASTENT DUODENAL POLYP
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Raheem Araz , Ahmed Ali
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Most duodenal polyps are non-neoplastic. Instead, they represent regenerative/hyperplastic nodules of foveolar epithelium or Brunner gland proliferation (38%). Other less common polyps include heterotopic (6%) and neoplastic lesions (11%) (1). Adenomas of intestinal type are the most common (89%), followed by adenomatous lesions that present a gastric phenotype: PGAs (8%) and foveolar-type adenomas (3%) (2).

Non-neoplastic duodenal polyps, most of which represent regenerative inflammatory (pseudo) polyps, are predominantly localized in the bulb (80%) (1). The majority are associated with duodenitis, especially in the setting of peptic injury, and are less commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease or rare conditions such as primary immunodeficiencies. (3). Histologically, non-neoplastic duodenal polyps may resemble gastric hyperplastic polyps and frequently show metaplastic foveolar epithelium with active inflammation and/or erosion, reactive epithelial changes, seamless transition with the surrounding epithelium, and surface maturation. They may also simply be composed of granulation tissue. It is worth underscoring that some of these polyps are neoplastic. Some hyperplastic polyps harbor KRAS and BRAF mutations and tend to show serrated features, similar to their microvascular colonic counterparts (4). Duodenal hyperplastic polyps with KRAS mutation may represent precursor lesions of duodenal traditional serrated adenomas (4). The polypoid heterotopic gastric mucosa is another frequent type of duodenal polyps. As opposed to the peptic injury-induced foveolar metaplasia, lesions of this type also contain clusters of oxyntic glands under the surface of the foveolar epithelium. Duodenal gastric heterotopia is associated with FGPs and PPI therapy.
EFFECT OF POSTEROINFERIOR LAG SCREW POSITION FOR CEPHALOMEDULLARY NAIL ON IMPLANT FAILURE AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME COMPARED TO THE CENTER-CENTER POSITION IN INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE
Authors: Hassan Kardo , Saeed Areewan
Published: December 2023

Background  Intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) is one of the most common injuries in older people and is more prevalent in females. Thus, we aimed to compare two proximal femoral nail screw positions (centre-centre and posteroinferior) in stable ITF types. Objectives  To determine better techniques for screw placement, especially in the emergency department. Patients and Methods Prospectively and retrospectively, 76 (33 males and 43 females) patients aged > 55 years were registered; 44 of them were treated with proximal femoral nails with screw positions centre-centre inside the femoral neck (group A), and 32 patients treated with proximal femoral nail with screw positions posteroinferior inside the femoral neck (group B). They were followed up after 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to compare screw position effect on implant failure and functional outcome using MHHS. The reduction quality was assessed using neck-shaft angle (NSA), while the quality of Fixation was assessed using tip-apex distance (TAD) and calcar tip-apex distance (CalTAD). Singh index (SI) was used for osteoporosis assessment. Results The mean age of patients was 72.93±8.4 (group A) and 70.13±6.86 (group B). There was no significant correlation in incidences of implant failure among TAD (<25 mm) and CalTAD (>25 mm) in group A. For group B in Cleveland index (CI) areas 8 and 9, TAD and CalTAD were ≥ 25 mm, and there were no correlations with end-result and implant failure. In group A, 2 cases of implant-related complications were recorded; in group B, one patient was recorded. The functional score was higher in group B. Fixation quality between the two groups remained comparable.  Conclusion The functional outcome of group B was better with optimal surgical conditions. Both groups had comparable radiological and Fixation failure outcomes.
ADVERSE OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY AT GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY CENTERS IN SULAYMANIYAH AND DUHOK CITY
Authors: Asaad Hoshman , Mohammed Muhsin , Ramadhan Ali , Faraj Heero , Mohammed Mohammed , Gharib Dana , Husain Jutyar , Sdiq Ari
Published: December 2023

Background 
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a significant and managing management of pancreaticobiliary diseases in Iraq and Kurdistan. Evaluating ERCP adverse outcomes is essential in raising the effectiveness and safety of ERCP.
Objectives 
To review and measure the rate of ERCP complications in our centre and compare our results with other countries.
Patients and Methods
The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the Kurdistan Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani city and Azadi Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center in Duhok city, Kurdistan region-Iraq through the period of one year from 1st of November 2020, to 31st of October, 2021 on a sample of two hundred patients underwent ERCP; 140 patients from Sulaimani city and 60 patients from Duhok city. The researcher followed up with the patients one month after completing ERCP through direct interviews or by phone calling to observe any ERCP adverse outcomes.
Results
The most typical indication for ERCP among studied patients was choledocholithiasis (43.7%), followed by; stent removal with occlusion cholangiography (12%) and biliary malignancy (11.6%). The commonest findings of ERCP among studied patients were bile duct dilation (42.3%), filling defects (33.8%) and bile duct strictures (14.7%). The post-ERCP complications were present in 45 (22.5%) patients, including pancreatitis (12.5%), cholangitis (4.5%), hypoxia (3.5%), bleeding (1.5%), perforation (1.5%) and death (0.5%). 
Conclusion
The adverse outcomes of ERCP in KCGH in Sulaimani City and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology centre in Duhok city are increased in the last year.
A CASE STUDY ON RETROPERITONEAL MASSES
Authors: Hawrami Tahir , Aziz Dalya , Mohammed Dara
Published: December 2023

Background 
Retroperitoneal masses are a large group of uncommon tumours which originate in the retroperitoneal space in the abdomen. Their diverse presentations and locations make them difficult to diagnose by surgeons and need precise radiological diagnosis. Most of the diagnosed tumours are in advanced size and stage and are malignant in nature. Some of them are radio/chemotherapy sensitive but the definite management should be by complete resections of the tumours.
Objectives 
The primary aim of our study is to identify patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal masses among elective cases in two surgical hospitals in Sulaimani governorate/ Iraq over four years. All underwent combined surgical management with chemo/radiotherapy and followed up.
Materials and Methods
Seven patients with retroperitoneal masses are reported in this paper, five of whom are male and two females. Their ages range from 3 to 72 years, and the mean age is 40.4. In addition, other surgeons who practiced in different specialties brought some of the cases to us. Over four years, they were hospitalized and treated at Sulaimani Teaching Hospital and Soma Private Hospital. The patients underwent surgery following a thorough history, physical examination, and imaging, and the histological findings determined the definitive diagnosis. In addition to direct questioning the patients and patients’ parents (as one case was a child) to obtain their consent, information was gathered from the medical records of both hospitals.
Results
Complete resection of retroperitoneal tumours by surgical approach was reported in five patients included in the study, and residual tumours were reported in two. An uneventful post-operative period in all of them, and recurrence was recorded in the follow-up period in three of them. Histopathological findings were: two well-differentiated liposarcomas, one dedifferentiated liposarcoma, one Ewing sarcoma, one rhabdomyosarcoma, one ganglioneuroma, and one lipoma. Mortality was reported in three of the patients. 
Conclusion
Retroperitoneal tumours are rare and require precise diagnosis by physical examination and imaging modalities. The primary management method in our study was surgical resection combined with neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy and regular follow-up.
A new type of nano open set
Authors: Shareef Hardi , Aziz Hardi , Hamakarim Hilal
Published: December 2023

The objective of this work is to introduce a new class of nano open set called nano
Structural and Optical Properties of R6G Doped Nanotitania Thin Films Deposited via Sol–Gel Dip-coating Meth
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Ameen Majida , Mahmood Aras
Published: December 2023

Pure and rhodamine 6G (R6G) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructure thin films with different concentrations (310-4 , 310-5 , 310-6 , and 310-7 ) M of doped TiO2 sol were deposited on glass substrate via dip-coated sol-gel method. Amorphous structure of the pure and doped TiO2 thin films was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. UV-Visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectrophotometry techniques were used to study optical and spectroscopic characterization of the samples, respectively. The absorption spectra for all pure and doped TiO2 films indicate a strong absorbance in the UV region which open the possible application of these films for UV filter optical element. 50 nm blue shift of the absorption edge for the TiO2 films with respect to the sol was observed which proves the nanostructure texture of TiO2 thin films. Upon increasing dye concentration, a red shift in the maximum fluorescence emission peaks of R6G ethanolic solution and doped TiO2 sol was observed. The presence of R6G dye molecules in the matrix of TiO2 films is demonstrated by the appearance of two distinct intensity fluorescence peaks at 540 and 600 nm. Various fluorescence peaks of R6G doped TiO2 thin films were observed in UV-vis region under 300 nm pumping wavelength.
Efficacy of Post-Extraction Suturing on the Incidence of Dry Socket Occurrence in Erupted and Semi-Erupted Mandibular Third Molar: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Saeed Aram , Amin Zanyar
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of dry sockets in patients in relation to their clinical parameters such as pain, the disintegration of the clot, and halitosis regardless of their oral hygiene status. Also, to find sex and age-related to the reported parameters during surgical technique (time and complication).Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients (30 study group and 30 control group) aged 21 -50 years with semi-erupted and full-erupted lower 3rd molars, which were indicated for extraction. The mandibular 3rd molar was extracted without any suturing in the control group, while extraction of the 3rd molar for the study group using a figure-eight suture. All the patients were evaluated for pain, presence of clot and condition of the alveolar bone to diagnose dry socket.Results: The incidence of dry sockets was only 3 cases (5%) (one in study group and another two in control group) who were male heavy smokers. Regarding the clinical signs after 3, 5, and 7 days of tooth extraction, pain was severe/very severe in 3.3% at extraction sites in the study group and 6.7% in the control group on the 3rd day. While, the pain was moderate in 3.3% and 6.7% at extraction sites in the study and control groups, respectively, on the 5th day. In both groups, the blood clot was found in 100% of extraction sites on the 5th and 7th days but it was not found in 3.3% and 6.7% of extraction sites in study and control groups on the 3rd postoperative day, respectively. Also, halitosis was found in only 1% of the control group on the 3rd day but it was absent in 100% of the study group on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th postoperative days and the control group on the 5th and 7th days.Conclusions: We realized that the incidence of dry sockets was less without significant difference in patients with a figure-eight suturing of extraction site that might be the cause for reducing pain in a study group as well as the amount of blood clot on 3rd postoperative day.
Effectiveness of the Platelet Rich Fibrin with Suture and without Suture on Postoperative Complications Following Removal of Lower Third Molars
Authors: Mohammed Nezar , Hamaamin Nzar
Published: December 2023

Background: The removal of impacted 3rd molar is a traumatic surgical procedure that may lead to some postoperative sequelae such as pain, swelling, and trismus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PRF with suture, and without suture, on post-operative complications after removal of 3rd molars.Patients and Materials: This study enrolled 60 patients with partially impacted lower third molars at three centers; Postgraduate Clinic- Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery/College of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani, Private Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, and Maxillofacial Unit of Kalar General Hospital from November of 2021 till April of 2022. They were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. Group Ӏ was managed by PRF with suture, group ӀӀ was managed by PRF without suture and group ӀII was left without PRF and without suture. Pain, swelling, and maximum interincisal mouth opening were evaluated after the procedure at 1st, 3rd and 7th post-operative days.Results: In terms of pain (p=0.06), trismus (p=0.71), and swelling (p=0.05), there were no statistically significant differences between the study groups and the control group. In contrast to the control group, the values of the three parameters connected to the study groups were lower. In the group of PRF with suture, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores on the 3rd and 7th days were significantly (P=0.008 and P=0.038, respectively) less than other groups. Regarding swelling and trismus, there was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between groups.Conclusions: Application of PRF with and without suture had no significant effects on postoperative complications such as pain, swelling, and trismus following removal of partially impacted third molars.
Extra-articular Distal Tibial Fracture: A Comparative Study of the Outcome Between Closed IMLN and MIPO
Authors: Abdulrahim Yad , Al-Tamimi Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: The treatment of distal tibial fractures (DTF) is still up for debate. For DTF, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nailing (IMLN) are potentially effective techniques; however, they have been linked to complications. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate and compare clinical and functional results in individuals with DTF that were managed with MIPO or IMLN.Patients and Methods: Between August 2020 and February 2022, 31 patients with closed extra-articular distal tibia fractures were enrolled in a comparative study of locking plate by MIPO versus closed IMLN at the Sulaimani Teaching Hospital and Shar Teaching Hospital. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and Johner and Wruh's criteria were used to evaluate the results.Results: IMLN was used on 16 individuals, while MIPO was used on 15 patients that underwent surgery. In terms of time, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in fracture union, malunion, or functional results. However, there was a significant difference in total weight-bearing following surgery, blood loss, and complications in terms of the operation time.Conclusions: Both techniques were effective in treating a distal tibial extra-articular fracture. IMLN had a faster complete weight-bearing time and a shorter operation time. At the same time, MIPO had less blood loss and equal time in complete union. Thus, we recommend using FAAM as a valuable tool in evaluating functional outcomes after distal tibia fracture.
Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Status and Salivary Biomarkers Procalcitonin, C Reactive Protein and Matrixmetalloproteinase-8
Authors: Shukri Kanar , Zardawi Faraedon
Published: December 2023

Objective: The study aimed to determine the salivary levels of C reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), and Matrixmetalloproteinase-8(MMP-8) in periodontitis patients and compare these levels between smokers and non-smokers.Methods: Eighty male subjects aged 25-60 years were chosen and divided into four groups, each comprising 20 individuals: group I: non-smokers without periodontitis, group II: smokers without periodontitis, group III: non-smokers with periodontitis, and group IV: smokers with periodontitis, based on their smoking habit and clinical periodontal parameters which included plaque index (PI%), bleeding index (BI%), pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). To assess the salivary concentration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for PCT, CRP, and MMP-8, IBM SPSS program version 22 was used for analysis, while ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the means and medians in normally distributed and non-normally distributed variables, respectively.Results: There were significant variations in the clinical variables PI, BI, PPD, and CAL between the test and control groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the levels of biomarkers PCT, CRP, and MMP-8 among the four groups. Also, a significant difference was recorded between the levels of these biomarkers and smoking (P<0.05).Conclusions: The study found higher levels of salivary biomarkers in periodontitis and smoker individuals compared to non-periodontitis and non-smoker individuals.
Evaluation of Flapless Approach for Dental Implantation: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Abdul-Qadir Nuha , Chawrash Nzar
Published: December 2023

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the dental implant flapless technique as a successful treatment option for implant patients by assessing marginal bone loss after 3 months and post-operative pain.Methods: One hundred and twenty implants were placed in 40 patients. Two parameters were assessed post-operatively: marginal bone loss and pain; the difference in marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured based on an immediate post-operative OPG and another OPG taken three months after the surgery, and pain assessment was achieved using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) post-operatively for five days. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, and as most of the data were not normally distributed, Mann-Whitney test was used for comparing the groups.Results: The present study's findings demonstrate that the average marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implant at three months using the flapless technique was 0.2± 0.1 mm. No implants failed to osseointegrate. There was no statistical MBL significance between male and female patients or between upper and lower jaw. This study shows significantly reduced post-operative pain in the flapless implant placement technique. Conclusions: The flapless approach is predictable when patient selection, meticulous planning, and precise surgical protocols are followed.
Anatomical Relationship between the Roots of Erupted Maxillary Posterior Teeth and Maxillary Sinus using CBCT in Sulaimani City (A Retrospective Study)
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed , Faris Tavga , Abdalrahim Rukhosh , Jalal Ranj
Published: December 2023

Objective: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be recommended as a dose-sparing technique and 3D imaging that provides the clinician more details for examining the maxillary sinus and its relation to the root apices of upper posterior teeth, as compared with standard medical computed tomography.Methods: A total of (340) CBCT images were examined, images were analyzed by using (Galileos Viewer Software Version 1.9, Dentsply). The distance was measured from the molar and premolar teeth; the closest tooth to the sinus was considered for both sidesusing the software measuring tool.Results: A total of 340 CBCTs were examined. One hundred and forty-seven CBCTs were included that matched the criteria. Afterexamination of the CBCTs, the most common relation between the roots of the upper posterior teeth with the maxillary sinus was Type2: the apices of the upper posterior teeth touching the sinus floor. The result shows no statistical difference between the age groups (pvalue = 0.135); also, the relationship between sex and the relation of the teeth with the maxillary sinus was not significant (p value =0.075).Conclusions: The most common relation between the apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus was close contact.We also concluded that the use of CBCT is essential in diagnosing the type of relation, especially during procedures where oro-antralcommunication and trauma to the maxillary sinus is possible.
Patient Satisfaction after Lip Enhancement Procedure by Facial Fillers in Sulaimani City
Authors: Kareem Nawroz , Amin Zanyar
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the level of patient satisfaction after receiving lip filler injections. It also attempts toinvestigate the association between the satisfaction level and various factors such as number of filler treatments, amount of fillerinjected and site of injection, among female patients in Sulaimani.Methods: A cross-sectional survey that used a questionnaire derived from the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, WHO quality oflife scale and convenience sampling were used to recruit patients attending cosmetic clinics to the study. Besides, descriptive analysisand chi-square methods were used to analyze the data.Results: 300 female patients participated in the study, with a mean age of 28.48 years. About 90% of the participants reportedimprovement after filler treatment, ranging from “improved” to “very much improved”. A statistically significant association was foundbetween patient satisfaction and number of filler treatments. Local side effects such as swelling and redness at the site of injection were common but they were mostly mild and did not last for an extended period.Conclusions: Although the satisfaction level is currently high, practitioners in the field need to pay more attention to this importantoutcome, since understanding the patients’ motivation and expectations before proceeding with the procedure is very important andcan contribute significantly to increasing patient satisfaction with the results.
Effect of Psychological Stress on Salivary Cortisol and Periodontitis
Authors: Ahmed Nakhshaw , Azeez Shokhan
Published: December 2023

Objective: The progression of periodontitis, induced by polymicrobial dysbiosis, can be modified by systemic or environmental factorssuch as stress or anxiety that affect host response. This study evaluates the potential associations between psychosocial stress, salivary cortisol and periodontitis.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 adult participants (41 males and 39 females) aged 20-45 years were included. Participantscompleted a stress self-assessment using a PSS scale questionnaire. Samples of saliva were collected for testing cortisol levels byELISA. The participants were then divided into four groups established on periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), bleeding onprobing (BOP), probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level), and stress levels: Group 1 (healthy periodontium without stress),Group 2 (periodontitis without stress), Group 3 (healthy periodontium with stress), and Group 4 (periodontitis with stress).Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the values detected in the four experimental groups for PI, BI, PD,and CAL (p≤0.05). The highest means of cortisol level were revealed in the stressed healthy group and stressed with periodontitisgroup, at 39.7 and 40.5, respectively. Hence there were statistically significant differences overall across the four groups (p≤0.05).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that psychosocial stress is a risk factor for periodontal diseases, and in cortisol, as one of theelements that enhance periodontal damage, increases were recorded for all four clinical parameters, BI, PI, PD, CAL, which are usedas diagnostic tools for periodontitis.