bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pokój niemożliwy – Kurdowie w Turcji pod rządami AKP
Authors:   Akademia Obrony Narodowej, Martofel Adam
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is a presentation of Turkey’s state policy toward the Kurds, the Republic of Turkey’s largest ethnic minority under AKP rule. The main point of reference is an internal situation in Turkey from the 2000s. The author points out the beginnings of the next stage of Kurdish-Turkish conflict taking into account the results of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2015 and Turkey’s security policy after a failed coup d’état attempt on July 2016. This paper provides a new wave of political repression against Kurds and discusses the Kurdish issue as one of the interests of the main regional powers including Turkey, Iran, Syria and Russian Federation. Finally the article indicates Turkey’s military engagement role in Syrian Civil War and implicates this engagement on the situation of Kurds in Republic of Turkey and in the region. As a result of the analysis, author pointed out possibility to reinforce of Kurdish nationalism and support of the Kurds for PKK. The effect of the new anti-PKK strategy will probably be increased political polarisation. It is also probable that the PKK will intensify its actions. At the same time, the strategy may lead to the consolidation of the AKP’s and Erdoğan’s electorate, resulting in strengthening the government’s position. In the regional dimension, the strategy requires an increase in Turkish actions on Iraqi and Syrian soil. Taking into account the relationship between PKK and PYD, Turkish military intervention in Syria and involvement in Iraq could lead to greater consolidation of Kurds in all three states. As an example for international relations, Turkey’s tense relations with Iran, which is interested in preserving its influence over Iraq, and the central government in Bagdad may be further strained.
Przemoc i społeczne skutki konfliktów w Liberii i Sierra Leone
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Stańczyk Anna
Published: June 2022

The civil war in Liberia began in 1989, when the country was attacked by the rebels of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor. In Sierra Leone the civil war was initiated in 1991 by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led by Foday Sankoh. The article describes the specifics of the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It discusses social and economic context of the wars as well as causes of their longevity. In addition, it presents the international community actions for ending the prolonged civil war in Sierra Leone and the importance of the policy “weapon for diamonds”. The article uses a historical-analytical method of research.
Myśl polityczna polskiego konspiracyjnego ruchu narodowego w czasie II wojny światowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Kurzawa Piotr
Published: June 2022

Nationalists were one of the numerous Polish political movements during World War II. Actively engaging in the fight against the occupying forces, they suffered heavy losses, but does not prevent them in the creation of significant heritage in the field of political thought. The aim of the article is to present the political thought of Polish national movement during the Second World War. Historical, qualitative and comparative methods were used. The whole has been divided into several parts,, in which author examines the with issues of political thought as: Polish war aims, vision of state borders, ratio to national minorities, vision of the political system, economic vision, vision of national security, education and upbringing. The whole article has to show how rich the heritage of those generations.
Jak być polskim Żydem i zwolennikiem syjonizmu rewizjonistycznego po 1939 r? Rzecz o losach Jakuba Perelmana
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Flisiak Dominik
Published: June 2022

Jakub Perelman, the author of memoirs, was born on 20 December 1902 in Warsaw. He was politically linked to the Zionist revisionists. This movement was created after the First World War thanks to the activity of Vladimir Jabotinsky. He was a poet, a soldier and a politician. Perelman’s memoirs concern his political activity, Polish-Jewish relations during the Second Polish Republic, events from the Second World War, and his views on life in People’s Poland. The last fragment of the memoir is related to Israel, where Perelman was in the early 1960s.
Bezpieczeństwo socjalne sportowców w PRL w latach 70. XX w. na przykładzie piłki nożnej
Authors:   Zespół Szkół nr 15 Mistrzostwa Sportowego w Bydgoszczy, Papuziński Konrad
Published: June 2022

This article concerns the social security of sportsmen in PRL in 1970s on the example of football. The author concentrates his attention on earnings and the access to luxury goods of the most prominent Polish players. He highlights their social origin, the posibilities of professional development and personal price of success. This work bases on various sources and what is particularly important, also on reports and primary sources.
Polityka kosmiczna Polski in statu nascendi
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Woźniak Arkadiusz
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to analyze the actions of Polish authorities regarding the creation of the Polish space policy. Activity in space in the twentieth century and development of cooperation with international organizations were presented. Bilateral agreements and the possibility of new forms of action were analyzed as well as private entities as co-creators of space policy. Tasks in the process of creating the Polish space policy, the division of competences, the use of optional programmes were indicated. There is also a presentation of management reforms,financing through the selection of several levels of action and adopting the hierarchy of key tasks for the state, to ensure effective implementation of the assumed projects.
Niezrealizowana koalicja PO–PiS w świetle wybranych publikacji prasowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Kujawski Jan
Published: June 2022

The article contains issues connected with unsuccessful attempt to form a government of the Civic Platform and Law and Justice after the parliamentary elections in 2005. The basis of the article content analysis includes selected texts related to coalition formation appearing in two daily press titles: “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita” in the period from September 1, 2005 to October 31, 2005. Considerations focused on identifying the most important topics constituting differences between the two parties. The aim of the article was to analyse the press discourse and, as a consequence, answer the question of how the main reasons for not creating the PO–PiS coalition were presented in the pages of two newspapers.
Proces Boloński a kondycja szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Mazurkiewicz Bartosz
Published: June 2022

Higher education in the era of globalization, the growing specialization, interdisciplinarity, internationalization – is constantly evolving. With the Bologna process of european education adapts to the changes. In particular, the changes in the way education at the tertiary level, the introduction of quality standards, the promotion of mobility, creating a universal comparable qualifications framework. The article describes the history of the Bologna Process; characterized tools to achieve the main objectives; made a preliminary assessment of the state of higher education in Poland compared to other European countries; an attempt to identify future prospects, developments and challenges.
Aksjologiczne uwarunkowania działalności organizacji proobronnych oraz klas mundurowych w Polsce po 2010 roku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Sokołowski Adam
Published: June 2022

The article is presenting axiological conditions of the activity of paramilitary organizations and military classes in context of recruitment. In context of the article author presents background narration that appear while creating and managing educational and training organizations. Author pointed differences between causes of joining to the military classes and paramilitary organizations. Features and formula of recruitment can be useful for directors of military schools, commanders or paramilitary organizations and people that are connected with security educations as well.
The mandatory reporting of reservoir incidents in England
Authors: Warren Alan L.
Published: June 2022

The Environment Agency first developed a specification for recording incidents at reservoirs and undertaking investigations in 2006. The system provided the means for any serious incident to be reported on a voluntary basis, recorded in a central database and investigated if appropriate. In 2013, incident reporting became mandatory for statutory reservoirs located in England and Wales. This paper considers the success of mandatory reporting based on information available for incidents at English reservoirs. Statistics on the rate of reporting by major reservoir undertakers are presented together with data on incident reporters by role. The paper raises concern regarding the likely completeness of reporting of incidents at statutory reservoirs in England and the challenges of identifying incidents that occur at non-statutory reservoirs. Considering recommendations in the UK government's independent review of reservoir safety in 2021, the paper explores the future challenges that will be faced in ensuring the reservoir industry effectively documents and learns from UK reservoir incidents.
Stresses and strains in a flexible pipe buried in geosynthetic reinforced soil
Authors: Palmeira E. M. , Pires A. C. G.
Published: June 2022

Geosynthetics have been used to reinforce soils for over four decades. They can also be used as reinforcement in buried pipe installations to reduce stresses and strains in the pipe, as well as the consequences of pipe explosions. This paper investigates the use of geosynthetic reinforcement to protect a flexible buried pipe from the effects of a localised surcharge on the soil surface. Large scale tests were carried out on an instrumented PVC pipe buried in a rather loose sand. Different types and arrangements of the reinforcement layer were investigated. The results obtained address the relations between stresses on the pipe, pipe strains and pipe deflections and show that the presence of the reinforcement can reduce significantly vertical and horizontal stresses on the pipe as well as pipe deformations. An elastic solution for the prediction of strains at the pipe crown was employed, whose predictions compared well with the experimental results.
The kingdom of provocation - Soviet Russia as a provocative system
Authors: Świerczek Marek
Published: June 2022

In his article, the author proves that Soviet Russia, due to the monstrous crisis that hit the Soviet republics in the first post-revolution years, had to develop a gigantic provocation mechanism which was used to eliminate internal opposition and protect the state against the risk of an intervention war waged by Western powers. and limitrophy states. Provocation, as a key element of ensuring the internal and external security of the state, was taken over by the Bolsheviks from the tsarist apparatus of coercion, which for several decades used it to maintain the status quo of decaying tsarist reign.
Political and social activity of "patriotic priests" of Częstochowa diocese (1949–1955)
Authors: Kostrzewski Paweł
Published: June 2022

The article presents the participation of the Częstochowa clergy in the so-called patriot priests movement. It gives the number of priests belonging to the District Commission of Priests in Katowice, the District Commission of Priests in Łódź, the Commission of Catholic Intellectuals and Activists, the Commission of Catholic Clergy and Lay Activists, it brings closer the motives of their involvement, the functions they performed in central and regional structures, it characterizes the forms of political and social activity. The 'patriotic priests' from Czestochowa actively participated in all propaganda actions concerning, among others, the so-called 'struggle for peace'. They also condemned, according to official rhetoric, the activities of the Church Caritas and sat on the new provincial boards established by the communists. They joined the fight to establish permanent church administration in the so-called Recovered Territories. They condemned the priests accused in the trial of the Krakow curia and spoke positively about the decree of the State Council of 9 February 1953 concerning the filling of church posts. They supported, and often themselves actively participated in social actions, e. g. sowing, harvesting, threshing, anti-potato beetle actions. The catechists instilled in the youth a respect for the state authorities, a love of work and the need to make an effort to implement the 6-year plan. An important aspect of their activity was writing and participation in the work of national councils at the provincial and district level.
Eşzamanlı Betimleme Yönteminin Resim Sanatında Kullanımı
Authors: TURAN Mehmet Erkan , YAŞAR Mesut
Published: June 2022

Resim sanatında “hareket” kavramı çeşitli dönemlerde, çeşitli akımlar ve sanatçılar tarafından ilgiyle işlenen önemli bir kavram olmuştur. Geçmişten günümüze kadar ortaya çıkan birçok sanat akımı ve sanatçı, kendine has yöntemlerle hareketi betimleyen eserler ortaya koymuştur. Bunlar arasında en ilgi çekici olan yöntemlerden biri, “eşzamanlı betimleme” yöntemidir. Bu yöntemin tipik örneklerine Kübizm ve Fütürizm akımında rastlanmaktadır. Günümüze kadar ortaya çıkan birçok sanat akımı ve sanatçıların eserlerinde de sıkça karşılaşılan bir yöntemdir.

Eşzamanlı betimleme yönteminin açıklanmaya çalışıldığı bu makale oluşturulurken nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup; tez, makale, kitap ve internet ortamında veri taramaları yapılmıştır. Araştırma; resim, heykel ve fotoğraf sanatında kullanılan ve hareketi betimleme yöntemlerinden olan “eşzamanlı betimleme” yöntemi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmalar yapan sanatçılar tespit edilmiş ve yapmış oldukları eserler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada yer verilen her bir sanatçının konu ile ilgili birçok eseri tespit edilmiş olup bu eserler içerisinden sanatçının tarzını ve yöntemini yansıtan yalnızca birer tipik eser örneklendirilmiştir.
Kavramsal Sanat Bağlamında Marina Gadonneix’in “İmajdan Sonra” Serisi
Authors: UZUN UYSAL Ebru Ceren
Published: June 2022

Sanat eseri, gündelik yaşantımızı aktarmanın bir yolu olduğu kadar, bu dünyadaki varlığımızı ve sürekliliğimizi sağlayan ve anlamlandıran bir yol olmuştur. İnsanlık, mücadele etmek ya da ayak uydurmak zorunda olduğu doğa şartlarını tanımak ve onu gelecek nesillere aktararak türünün devamını sağlamak için kolektif bir bellek oluşturmanın yollarını aramıştır. Hikâye aktarıcı görevini üstlenen sanatçı, kendi aktarmış olduğu kişisel tecrübesi ile hem kendi neslinin hem de eserinin ölümsüzlüğü peşinde koşar. Sanat eseri bu işlevi dolayısıyla izleyeni ile, aktardığı mesaj çerçevesinde, kendi somut varlığı ve tekniği ile değerlendirilecek şekilde iletişim kurmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar zaman içerisinde hız kazanıp ikonoloji ve göstergebilim gibi, plastik sanatlar alanında üretilmiş eserlerin analizini yapmakta araştırmacılara yardımcı olan bu iki yöntemi ortaya koymuştur. Bu iki yöntemin de temelinde, sanatın bir iletişim biçimi olduğu, bu iletişim biçimi çerçevesinde kurduğu kompozisyon ile izleyiciye bir cümle aktardığı ve en nihayetinde bu cümlenin aynı dilbilgisinde olduğu gibi öğelerine ayrılabileceği yatmaktadır. Bu düşünceden yola çıkarak, çalışmada ele alınan sanatçı Marina Gadonneix’in eserleri bu analiz yöntemlerinin ışığında ve bu düşünceden yola çıkarak ortaya atılan “kavramsal sanat” olgusunun çerçevesinde incelenerek açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. “İmajdan Sonra” çalışması sanat eserinin kendi kuramsal tanımı ve kavramsal alt zemini çerçevesinde şekillenmiş ve plastik biçimini bulmuş bir çalışmadır. Kavramsal sanatın fotoğraf alanındaki çağdaş temsilcilerinden olan Gadonneix’in eserleri, sanat eseri ile dil ilişkisi çerçevesinde incelemeye alınacaktır.
Militer Rejimlerde İletişim Aracı Olarak 20. yy Afiş Sanatı
Authors: TEKİN Elvan
Published: June 2022

Dünya 20. yüzyılın başlarında ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi, vb. açıdan günümüzdeki yapısına evrilmeye başlamıştır. Dönemin baş aktörleri olarak nitelenebilecek; Almanya, Rusya, İngiltere, Fransa, Amerika, Çin, Polonya, İspanya ve Japonya gibi ülkeler, tahakküm altına alabileceklerini düşündükleri ekonomik ve demografik açıdan daha küçük ülkelere karşı yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde militer ve faşizan yaptırımları dikte ettirmeye çalışmıştır.

Militer rejimlerin temsilcileri, yönettikleri ülkelerde kendi yerlerini sağlamlaştırma adına milli bir paranoya yaratarak, propaganda yapma yoluna gitmişlerdir. Propaganda aracı olarak kitlelere hem görsel hem de coşkun duyguları doğrudan aktaracak olan afiş sanatı kullanılmıştır. Özellikle; makalenin ana ekseninde I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları ve Soğuk Savaş döneminde; Almanya’da, Sovyet Rusya’da ve Polonya’da üretilen propaganda afişlerinin karşılaştırılması yer almaktadır. Makalede, siyasi posterlerin geniş kitleler üzerinde uyandırdığı emre itaat duygusunun oluşturulmasında kullanılan anlatım ve tasarım dilini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır, hangi yöntemlerin ve biçimlerin ne şekilde tasarım alanında konumlandırıldığının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Makale, literatür taraması, grafik tasarım incelemesi ve karşılaştırmalı betimsel yöntem ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Investigation of The Effect of Design Variables on Slip Assembly: Spline Module and Slip Length
Authors: ŞEN Onur , KAHYALAR Mert Can , ÖZGÜRLER Hüseyin
Published: June 2022

The driveshaft which transmits the power from the engine to the wheels in the motor vehicles is one of the vital elements in the driveline. Driveshafts have two basic motions depending on the road conditions, angular and axial movements. Angular movement is provided by the universal joints while the axial movement is provided by the slip assembly which involves a group of sliding components. Therefore, the slip assembly is an important part of the drive shaft. Basically, a slip assembly consists of two parts which are connected to each other by means of their spline forms. The parts can move back and forth longitudinally while they transmit the torque thanks to the connection interface of their spline forms. And so, they can slide and adjust the drive shaft lengths due to the position of the axles under road conditions.

During the motor vehicle movement, slip assembly are subjected to torsion like the other components on the driveshaft. In this context, spline size and magnitude of the length compensation are highly important in the design process of the slip assembly. In this study, the effect of the spline size and the slip length have been investigated for the yoke shaft design, by using analytical and numerical methods in terms of shear stress. It has been observed that the analytical and the numerical methods give the similar results in shear stress on the pitch diameter of the spline. Thus, the analytical method can be preferred instead of the finite element analysis (FEA), especially considering that the FEA is a time consuming method compared to the analytical method in the design process.
Decolorization of Some Textile Dyes Using Phormidium sp. in Heterotrophıc Culture Conditions
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Tuğba
Published: June 2022

Cyanobacteria have gained interest in recent decades as intriguing potential bioresources candidates due to their potential applications in biotechnology. Under heterotrophic circumstances, the decolorization of Dianix Blue CC, Benazol Black Zn, and Dianix Yellow Brown CC by the low-cost biosorbent Phormidium (Cyanobacteria) with three different initial dye concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/L was examined. For the best dye decolorization, the carbon source, incubation period, temperature, pH, and agitation rate were 10 g/L glucose, 168 h, 40 0C, 8.5, and 60 rpm, respectively. Phormidium showed high dye uptake, with maximum efficiency ranging from 20% to 40% (5.47 to 40.04 mgg-1) for Dianix Blue, 22% to 52% (5.95 to-52.32 mgg-1) for Benazol Black ZN and 20% to 68% (13.18 to 20.78 mgg-1) for Dianix Yellow Brown under heterotrophic conditions at all dye concentrations tested. The best color decolorization in terms of maximum efficiency was obtained 57% (57.76 mgg-1) for Dianix Blue, 74% (74.04 mgg-1) for Benazol Black at 100 mg/L and 77% (19.42 mgg-1) for Dianix Yellow Brown at 25 mg/L dye concentrations. The study reveals that the decolorization of dye process using Phormidium offers an efficient, quit of charges and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the remediation of textile effluents.
Transformational and Transactional Functions of Economic Activity (Historical and Economic Outline)
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Dyatel Evgeny
Published: June 2022

The article studies the historical and logical relationship of the transformational and transactional functions of economic activity: it determines the belonging of the abovementioned concepts to the categorical core of economic science; it specifies their characteristics and volume; examines the features of realization of the studied functions in various historical conditions. As the primary method, we used the structural-logical analysis of empirical and theoretical research results on the topics covered. Transformational activity, according to the author, expresses the dialectical unity of production and consumption. The transaction is analyzed as a technological (O. Williamson) and/or legal (J. Commons) link between these processes. The origin of transactions is associated with the emergence of a transformational surplus designed to meet rising needs. The available historical and ethnographic data allows us to trace this phenomenon retrospectively to the moment of the formation of social production. The economic content of transactions is derived from the dual nature of transformational activities aimed at (1) the creation of material products and (2) the objectification of technological information that determines distribution (transport, trade, housing and communal services, etc.). Their implementation is provided by administrative and legal services expressing ownership of the exchanged goods. It increased the efficiency of transactional support of human life with the use of money as a virtual bearer of economic information and a universal measure of the value of a commodity. In conclusion, the author raises a question about the nature of technological and economic shifts in the modern market economy, coinciding with the outstripping growth of transaction costs. Using the world-system approach of F. Braudel makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the transactional revolution that preceded the industrial revolution and is manifested in the rapid increase in financial assets.
The Ontological Foundations of Musical Creativity
Authors:   St. Petersburg Theological Academy, Russian Federation, Makarov Ilya
Published: June 2022

In the system of classical arts, music has always been perceived as a human actional breakthrough to understanding the Universe. The musical language, considered as a cultural universal, is the basis of intuitive cognition, a felt view of the axiological unity of Truth, Goodness and Beauty. The article offers an analysis of the formation of the main philosophical theories of the ontological nature of musical creativity in their historical continuity. In the history of ideas, the phenomenon of musical creativity has been perceived as a special kind of revelation. This reveals the obvious importance of the aesthetic approach in understanding the transcendental world; the objectified connection of man with ontological processes. Modern theories of universal evolutionism represent the development of the Universe as a single system based on the unity of its laws. It is in our time that comprehension of the essence of musical creativity opens a fundamentally new page in the philosophical understanding of the centuries-old history of music. The key point is the idea of the Μελῳδός aspiration to the Λόγος, the tendency to move from particular theoretical constructions and critical assessments to considering the phenomenological foundations of music, fundamentally presented, in particular, in the works of A. Losev and T. Adorno. In the XX century, there was an obvious surge in the formulation of generalizing musicological concepts, and it was in the XX century that the philosophy of music received qualitatively new worldview foundations for its comprehensive interpretation. In this respect, the study of the epistemological nature of musical creativity has reached, it would seem, its peak. However, comprehension of the investigated theories allows us to draw conclusions only about the possible approximation of a true understanding of the essence of musical creativity as a special cognitive practice. This turns out to be possible on the methodological basis of cumulative generalization, taking into account the religious, aesthetic, cultural, psychological, educational and other approaches in comprehending the value of the “world of sound”.
Religious Extremism as a Socio-Cultural Phenomenon: The Problem of the Ontological Boundary
Authors:   Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Dolin Vyacheslav
Published: June 2022

The subject of the article is the problem of the ontological boundary of religious extremism as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The methodological basis of the research is the non-classical linguistic semantics of Frege – Russell. Within its framework, meaning, concept and sign are distinguished for the subject of thought. This methodology complements the predominance of the activity approach in the research of religious extremism. Such methodological unilateralism creates the illusion of the scholastic nature of the investigated problem, when the scientific result is expected to comment, clarify and systematize the known knowledge about religious extremism. As a result, religious extremism is considered metaphysically as an unchanging phenomenon that has no spatial and temporal boundaries. This research was conducted in two stages. The first one highlights the essential signs of religious extremism. The traditional triad of signs “subjects, sphere of activity, implementation methods” is supplemented by the fourth: “the purpose of activity”. Based on the analysis, religious extremism is defined as extreme actions of religious elements in the political life of society, aimed against the structural elements and ideology of secular society. The article rejects the provisions on uncritical identification with religious extremism of the following social phenomena: violation of national legislation on freedom of conscience and religious associations; religious fanaticism; religious sectarianism; nationalism. At the second stage of the research, the spatial and temporal boundaries of religious extremism are comprehended. Spatially religious extremism is typical for both post-industrial and traditional societies of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article puts forward historical-religious arguments and an argument against the thesis of the timeless nature of the existence of religious extremism. Based on the formation of a secular society on the economic basis of an industrial society since the second half of the XIX century, four factors of the emergence of religious extremism have been identified: secularization of public consciousness; desacralization of power; inversion of violence; limited support. As a result of the conducted research, the metaphysical consideration of religious extremism as an unchangeable phenomenon has been overcome and its conceptual understanding has been deepened.
Capabilities of image sensors with a photonic avalanche diode
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Khudyakov Dmitry S.
Published: June 2022

In many fields of science and technology there is a need to record fast running processes and phenomena, often occurring in low light conditions. In such cases, there is a need to use highly sensitive image sensors. Such sensors can be constructed on the basis of photon avalanche diodes capable of capturing even single photons. However, creating this type of sensor with high performance, in particular, with high resolution, presents a number of technological challenges, as they are more complex than traditional CMOS (Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) and CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensors. Using recent advances and new circuitry, Canon created the first megapixel image sensor with a photon avalanche diode (Single Photon Avalanche Diode, SPAD). In this article, in addition to general issues related to image sensors with photon avalanche diode, the design, operation, characteristics, features and possible applications of Canon’s SPAD megapixel sensor are discussed. In particular, the methods of photon counting and time-of-flight are discussed, as well as the dynamic range of the sensor, the possibilities of sensor application for imaging in the infrared range, and the prospects for wide application of SPAD sensors in the near future. As a result, it can be noted that in addition to direct use for obtaining high-quality 2D-images of fast processes running in low light conditions, such a sensor can be used for taking images in the infrared range, to obtain 3D-images for xReality, measuring the distance to objects, obtaining a depth map, as well as in areas of science and technology that are new for such devices, including, for example, quantum computing.
Ускоренные университеты. Соединение идей и денег для достижения академического совершенства
Authors: Альтбах Филип , Райсберг Лиз , Салми Джамил , Фрумин Исак
Published: June 2022

За последние десятилетия в разных частях света основан ряд ускоренных исследовательских университетов, хорошо обеспеченных ресурсами. Это полностью новые учреждения, а не обновленные или реорганизованные. Они стремятся к академическому и исследовательскому совершенству — и достигают его. В этой книге рассматриваются примеры восьми таких университетов и очерчиваются уроки, которые можно вынести из их опыта. Автором каждого кейса выступает специалист, участвовавший в деятельности по развитию нового вуза на раннем этапе и способный оценить ее с позиции руководящего работника. «Ускоренные университеты» демонстрируют, что мудрое лидерство в сочетании с щедрым финансированием и инновационными идеями приводит к впечатляющим результатам в достаточно короткие сроки. Книга незаменима для вузов, стремящихся к признанию на мировом уровне.
[RETRACTED] ProMax Keto Gummies REAL OR HOAX My Reviews – Serious Scam Pills v1
Authors: not provided promaxketo
Published: June 2022

[RETRACTED]

ProMax Keto Gummies are available for purchasing online and the right place to order the monthly supply of the weight loss gummy is the official website. There is no other source from where it can be ordered other than the official website.
Kanamycin 50 mg/mL Stock Solution v1
Authors: Clark Bailey
Published: June 2022

The abstract will be added later.
Intravenous injections v1
Authors: Tomic Goran
Published: June 2022

Protocol for mouse tail-vein injections of cell lines.
Generating a gRNA construct for a CRISPR KO experiment v1
Authors: Tomic Goran
Published: June 2022

This protocol is designed to clone a gRNA of choice into the PX458 plasmid to nucleofect at a later stage and select single cell clones on the basis of GFP fluorescence. The GFP fluorescence and Cas9 expression are transient and the cells are left without a selection marker, making them more appropriate for mouse in vivo experiments where foreign antigens (fluorescent or antibiotic-resistance proteins) might be an issue.
[RETRACTED] Vissentials Max BHB - Reduce Your Fat And Shocking Results, Price! v1
Authors: Max BHB Vissentials
Published: June 2022

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Vissentials Max BHB
[RETRACTED] ProMax Keto Gummies Reviews - (Pros and Cons) Is It Scam Or Legit? v1
Authors: not provided ketopromax
Published: June 2022

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Pro Max Keto Gummies Reviews Fitness is very important for everyone but the busy schedule dot lets them stay active. They don’t have a balanced diet and the proper way to live in this competitive world.
Colony formation assay in Matrigel v1
Authors: Tomic Goran
Published: June 2022

This is a colony formation assay that I have set up as an alternative to soft-agar assay. It is based on a 3D on-top assay (Lee et al. 2007, 4, 4, 359) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933182/
[RETRACTED] KETO MAX SCIENCE CANADA v1
Authors: not provided market
Published: June 2022

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With so many adults suffering with their weight, it's no surprise that the market is flooded with diet items. Unfortunately,
Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium species Isolates from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Chin Kai Ling
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, caused by members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), commonly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis. In Malaysia, Sabah is one of the states of public health concern with the highest TB cases. Clinical presentations of TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease are similar, and mycobacteria appear to be identical under standard diagnosis with sputum smear microscopy, causing difficulty to diagnose TB. Identification of Mycobacterium species is essential for effective management of mycobacterial diseases treatment and their control strategy. Thus, this study aimed to identify the Mycobacterium species from suspected TB patients in Sabah using molecular methods. Sputum samples (n=595) were screened with GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and positive TB samples (n=67) were processed and cultured in BACTEC MGIT. Forty-five isolates were successfully recovered in MGIT and characterisation of the mycobacterial isolates using PCR and/or sequencing with rpoB, RD9, hsp65, and 16S rRNA genes confirmed the presence of Mtb in 41 samples, and four non-mycobacteria, i.e. Microbacterium laevaniformans, Streptomyces sp., Streptomyces misionensis and Gordonia sp. These non-mycobacteria isolates showed negative results when tested directly with Xpert. In conclusion, Mtb is the predominant species of MTBC circulating in Sabah. The presence of non-mycobacteria in this study was due to bacterial contamination in MGIT, not bacterial cross-reactivity in Xpert, implying the high sensitivity and specificity of Xpert for diagnosis of TB.
Tualang Honey Promotes Apoptosis of the A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line via Modulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway-Related Proteins
Authors:   Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel, Abdul-Rahman Puteri Shafinaz
Published: June 2022

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is frequently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and associated with carcinogenesis through cell proliferation, and apoptosis deactivation; and it also enhances chemotherapeutic drugs resistance. Tualang honey (TH) has proven anticancer property on lung adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unreported. Hence, this study investigates the apoptosisinducing effect of TH on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line using RayBio® Human Apoptosis Array and label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to elucidate the modulation of upstream and downstream proteins of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The apoptosis-promoting effects of TH were associated with (i) the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (i.e. cytochrome c, histone H1.2, and histone H1.4) and tumor suppressor proteins (i.e. IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5), and (ii) downregulation of XIAP, insulin-growth factor (IGF) system (i.e. IGF-1, IGF1R, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4), HSP90AB1, YWHAQ, endoplasmin, and ITGB1. The effects were also linked with the suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase, integrins, G proteins, CHUK, RAC1, and JAK. Thus, TH may promote apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line through alteration of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. However, further studies involving animal models to provide a better model of understanding would prove necessary.
Technology for obtaining granulated biologically active chitine-mineral food additive enriched in peptides
Authors:   ITMO University, Manuilov Andrey N. , Kuprina Elena E. ,   ITMO University, Kiprushkina Elena I. ,   ITMO University, Volkova Olga V. ,   ITMO University, Shamtsyan Mark M. ,   St.Petersburg Institute of Technology, Yakkola Anastasia N. ,   Military Space Academy n.a. A.F. Mozhaisky
Published: June 2022

The possibility of obtaining dietary supplements based on chitin-mineral precipitates enriched with peptides by granulation in fluidized bed was studied. The dietary supplement is designed to correct mineral-deficient conditions and insufficiency of dietary fiber in the human diet. The objects of the study were products obtained during the complex processing of waste from the cutting of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) by the electrochemical method – chitin-mineral complex and highly hydrolyzed protein product. The physicochemical properties of chitin-mineral precipitate and protein hydrolyzate have been studied. It has been established that peptides obtained from shrimp cutting waste are a promising binder for granulation of mineral precipitate, providing a granulate with a high degree of disintegration (not exceeding 7 min) and improved flowability (more than 8 g/s). It is also shown that the peptides enrich the resulting dietary supplement with essential amino acids. It was found that with an increase in the consumption of the binder, an improvement in the technological characteristics of the granules is observed (a decrease in bulk density and an increase in flowability), however, when the consumption of the binder exceeds 0.3 mg/g, the formation of a slurry-like mass preventing the formation of granules is observed. The effect of granulation regimes on the amino acid composition of granulated dietary supplements was studied. The finished form of dietary supplement in the form of granules was obtained.
Software Engineering Education: Discovering Future Skills
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Avdoshin S. M. , Pesotskaya E. Y. ,   HSE University, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Kuruppuge D. M. ,   HSE University, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

In the contemporary digital age the majority of industries become very much software dependent, require automation, digitization, and deployment of new technologies. The need for specialists, skilled in software engineering, is in high demand. In this study, we set out to investigate what challenges may arise in IT students skill sets and new competences in the software engineering context and answer the question how is skills demand evolving and where the gaps will be?". The paper analyzes what specific knowledge needs to be developed during university education and identifies their evolving skills demand. The paper recommends how students and young specialists in software engineering need to change themselves to adapt to the changing world.
Decision Support System based on Application of the Second Generation Neural Network
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation, Palchevsky E. V. , Antonov V. V. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

The issue of the feasibility of using existing statistical and hydrological methods for short-term and early forecasting in the framework of forecasting the levels of water rise in water bodies is considered: a comparative review is given, which describes their advantages and disadvantages. In the course of analyzing the shortcomings of these methods, the problem of operational and early (advance) forecasting of water rise levels was identified. To solve this problem, a decision support system is proposed for predicting the water rise levels in advance, based on a neural network (intelligent) analysis of retrospective data (date, water level, air temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed) to calculate the water level values for 5 days in advance. The artificial neural network itself is based on the freely distributed library of machine learning programs "TensorFlow", and a modified backpropagation method is used as training, the main difference of which is an increase in the learning rate of an artificial neural network. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness showed that the proposed decision support system is more accurate (the error between the real and calculated values does not exceed 2.10 %), compared to existing common methods/systems (8.36 %). This will allow to give the necessary time to special services for the implementation of flood control measures to prepare for the protection of technical facilities of enterprises.
Network of Games: An Ecology of Games Informing Integral and Inclusive City Developments
Authors: Tan Ekim
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes possibilities for connecting individual city games for building a network of games working together. City gaming works along with the understanding that cities are self-organizing systems, influenced by multiple bottom-up and top-down actors with varying interests and powers. Affordable housing, climate adaptation, or area development are examples of urgent urban challenges city games typically focus on. The assumption is that if these specialized games could be linked, then a large game infrastructure built as a modular system, can offer various game combinations responding to urban challenges in an integral and holistic way. To test a working game network, city games, models, and digital apps have been linked through their shared datasets as well as game interfaces. Two city experiments have been conducted in two Dutch cities—Amsterdam and Breda—which enabled the testing to function as “constructive design research.” In Amsterdam (Klimaatspel) two separate city games were connected through their datasets, while in Breda (Play the Koepel) datasets and interfaces merged to create a new game. Used data models are the Energy Transition Model developed by Quintel and the urban plan cost simulator software of Urban Reality. Used game interfaces (digital and analog) include the Typeform, the Network of Games app, the Urban Reality simulator, and the Play the City table-top game format. The testing considered two different approaches for a potential game network. The first option assumes an all-encompassing digital app, reformatting and involving various games and models in a single interface. The second option is an open approach that looks to link custom-made games with existing interfaces. The second option allows both simultaneous and sequential linking. Two experiments utilizing sequential and simultaneous integration of diverse digital tools suggest that a collection of interfaces connecting to each other throughout the entire process from a digital poll to an app, a simulator or a webinar, or analog game sessions is more effective than a single mobile phone app for all potential game interactions. Considering city games as an ecology of city tools that can be linked to one another becomes through this study a concrete goal to reach. Through combining specialized games, addressing complex city challenges becomes possible. This step enables a more effective participation environment for diverse experts and non-experts.
FUTURISTIC STYLE OF BUILDING HOUSES AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE CITY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Iritsyan L. A.
Published: June 2022

Over the centuries, engineers and architects have developed ways to create taller, more durable creations using revolutionary materials. But what is the future of building technology? When it comes to futuristic technology, people tend to think in terms of things like flying cars, robots, or virtual reality, but the technological advance that is likely to affect our future lifestyle is most associated with the houses in question. The article discusses the formation and development of the futuristic style of building houses, the use of this style in Russia and the impact of building technologies on the environment.
Control of side effects in strategy for increasing adherence to combined oral contraceptives. The role for a three-phase desogestrel-containing drug
Authors: Dikke G. B.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The frequency of side effects when taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is still high, which is the reason for refusal to take COCs by women worldwide with a frequency of 30 to 81 %. Management of side effects will help increase the user's adherence to the chosen method of contraception.

Aim: to identify approaches to prevent users from refusing to take COCs due to side effects and increase adherence to their use.

Materials and Мethods. The search for foreign literary sources in English was carried out in the international bases PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, in Russian in еLibrary database, by keywords: «hormonal contraception», «combined oral contraceptives», «side effects», «adherence». Search depth was 30 years (1992–2022). 437 and 74 articles were identified, respectively, of which the review included 44 manuscripts that satisfied the criteria for inclusion on the topic studied: full-text manuscripts with the results of original studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Results. In the literature, there is a lower incidence of side effects of COCs containing 30–35 µg of ethinylestradiol (tri- and monophasic) compared with 20 micrograms of ethinylestradiol. It was found that the risk of intermenstrual bleeding is 30 % lower when using COCs containing thirdgeneration progestogens compared with second-generation progestogens (relative risk (RR) = 0.71; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.55–0.91) using monophasic combinations as an example. The use of a three-phase COC containing desogestrel (DSG) was characterized by a low incidence of irregular bleeding (3.3 % in the first cycle and a decrease to 2.3 % by the 12th cycle), no effect on physiological parameters, a decrease in blood androgens content and a positive effect on seborrhea and acne, excellent tolerance (2.6% failures due to adverse events). Three-phase COCs are characterized by a lower frequency of intermenstrual bleeding (by 2 times) and amenorrhea (by 3 times) compared with other COCs. A positive effect on reducing the frequency of irregular spotting and breakthrough bleeding was shown when switching from a COC of another composition to a three-phase one containing DSG, and continuing to use it.

Conclusion. A three-phase COC containing DSG continues to be a topical hormonal contraceptive for women both for the first time and when switching from another COC due to side effects, including those associated with menstrual irregularities.
Un ejemplo de edificio asistencial al amparo del paternalismo industrial: El Hospitalillo de Llaranes
Authors: Villa Varela Aida
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se aborda la construcción de un edificio asistencial “El Hospitalillo” por parte de la Empresa Nacional Siderúrgica S.A. (ENSIDESA) en Llaranes, Avilés, España. Además de analizar la arquitectura del mismo dentro de las construcciones hospitalarias de empresa, se pone en contexto dentro del período histórico en el que se inscribe, el franquismo, y de las prácticas paternalistas empresariales llevadas a cabo durante la dictadura. Con ello se pretende poner de manifiesto la problemática que lleva a este tipo de construcciones: los accidentes y enfermedades laborales, que suponen un alto riesgo para los empleados, y por otro, los beneficios que este tipo de propaganda ofrece a los empleadores. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se han empleado fuentes archivísticas y bibliográficas, así como trabajo de campo, para comprobar el estado actual del edificio.