bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan di Daerah Tangkapan Air Danau Rawa Pening
Authors: Cahyono Sigit Andy , Falah Faiqotul , Raharjo S. Agung Sri
Published: December 2020

Rawa Pening Lake is one of the priority lakes facing severe eutrophication and sedimentation problems. Agriculture is one of the problems in Rawa Pening Lake, even though community welfare is the government's policies. For this reason, the development of the economic sector in Rawa Pening catchment area must have advantages, yet information on this is still neglected and limited. The study aims to analyze the leading economic sectors in the Rawa Pening catchment area. The study used the Klassen Typology method to determine the pattern and structure of the economy and the Location Quotient method in determining the economic sector that has a comparative advantage in each sub-district and analysis of sectoral contributions. The data used is secondary data and field observations. The results showed that Bawen Subdistrict was a developed but depressed area, relying on the manufacturing industry sector. Rapidly developing districs (Tuntang, Jambu, Sumowono, and Ambarawa) rely on all economic sectors. The lagging districts (Getasan and Banyubiru) relly on the primary sector. Leading sectors of each district differ depending on resources and comparative advantage. Leading economic sector contribute relatively significantly to economic development in the lake Rawa Pening catchment. The development of the economic sector will be better directed to leading economic sector so that it can attract sector that are not base, especially in the limited resources and allocation of development budgets. In addition, Location Quotient analysis can be used for analysis of areas with natural boundaries such as catchments or watersheds.
Upaya Penataan Lingkungan Sosial dan Ekonomi Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kota Surakarta Berdasarkan Tipologi Lokasi Stabilisasi Surakarta
Authors: Rahayu Murtanti Jani , Buchori Imam , Widjajanti Retno
Published: December 2020

The street vendors (SVs) select the trading locations according to the activity characteristics. The selected locations are often located in the areas of public facilities or state-owned lands which are all at once close to productive main activities. This way is aimed to drive many people to come and buy their goods after doing certain main activities. In addition, street vendors tend to choose trading locations on highways having vast social activities. The Surakarta City Government has controlled street vendors through structuring in the form of stabilization and relocation. This study aims to identify changes in the social and economic environment of street vendors based on the typology of street vendor stabilization locations in Surakarta. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis to analyze changes in the social and economic environment with the typology of street vendor stabilization locations in Surakarta. The setting location typologies were determined based on the characteristics of street vendors’ stabilization locations viewed from the proximate main activities. The results of study showed that there were three typologies of stabilization locations, namely the locations approaching trading areas, settlement, and recreation. The operating hours of the street vendors depended on the proximate main activities. The street vendors in the settlement areas tended to open earlier and end their activities later at night than the street vendors proximate to the trade and recreation areas. The street vendors' capital starts at ≤ Rp. 500,000 to > Rp. 3,000,000. The street vendors with small capital usually trade longer than the street vendors with large capital. The street vendors with large capital are most often found trading at night.
Private Developers’ Viewpoint on Residential Development in the Peri-Urban of Greater Bandung Area
Authors: Vitriana Anita
Published: December 2020

Over the past 30 years, Bandung city has experienced with rapid urban land expansion.  Together with nearby regencies, it has formed a conurbation urban area namely the Metropolitan Bandung Area. The growth of Greater Bandung is performed by the increasingly widespread of urban settlements in the outer surrounding region of Bandung city. Most of new residential areas are developed in the suburbs area and carried in formal land development initiated by private developers. The study aims to examine how spatial irregularities can be produced through the formal land development framework. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained using purposive sampling interview.  Interviewee came from 14 medium-large residential private developers. The data was written down in the interview transcript to be analysed with qualitative content analysis method. The result shows developers strive to develop profit-oriented land. They look for pragmatic solutions based on economic principles as long as no permit violation.  Developers would not think deeply for the broader impact of the project since it is not their obligation.  Developers will automatically support sustainable peri-urban development if the government provides clear, applicable and consistent rules and guidelines.
Enno Tammer, Ilon Wikland: Ett konstnärsliv
Authors: Bodin Helena
Published: December 2020

Review/Recension
Hilde Tørnby, Picturebooks in the Classroom: Perspectives on Life Skills, Sustainable Development and Democracy & Citizenship
Authors: Lyngfelt Anna
Published: December 2020

Review/Recension
Who Believed Misinformation during the 2019 Indonesian Election?
Authors: Mujani Saiful , Kuipers Nicholas
Published: December 2020

We present findings from eight nationally representative surveys conducted during the 2019 Indonesian presidential campaign, in which we measured voters’ reported belief in prominent pieces of misinformation. Younger, better-educated, and wealthier voters were more likely to believe the misinformation. These results are true for stories about both the incumbent (Joko Widodo) and the challenger (Prabowo Subianto). These findings represent a significant departure from results in Western Europe and North America, where a surge in misinformation has disproportionately targeted older and less educated voters.
China’s Fifth Constitutional Amendment
Authors: Hua Shiping
Published: December 2020

The policy orientations reflected in the fifth amendment to China’s constitution combine some elements of Maoism (an emphasis on ideology, the party, and personality cult); some of the constitutional formality of the Republican era (1912–1949), such as Sun Yat-sen’s Wuquan Xianfa (Five Powers Constitution); and some elements of the legal tradition of China’s imperial past. These policy orientations were justified by a Maoist philosophical voluntarism: the relative detachment between the “economic base” and the “superstructure” justified the persistence of the Chinese cultural tradition and the notion that political reform does not have to accompany economic reform. On those areas that do not represent an imminent threat to the regime, such as economics and law in general, the fifth amendment is purposely vague, to give the regime flexibility in policymaking.
Does ‘Scientists Believe…’ Imply ‘All Scientists believe…’? Individual Differences in the Interpretation of Generic News Headlines
Authors: Haigh Matthew , Birch Hope A. , Pollet Thomas V.
Published: December 2020

Media headlines reporting scientific research frequently include generic phrases such as “Scientists believe x” or “Experts think y”. These phrases capture attention and succinctly communicate science to the public. However, by generically attributing beliefs to ‘Scientists’, ‘Experts’ or ‘Researchers’ the degree of scientific consensus must be inferred by the reader or listener (do all scientists believe x, most scientists, or just a few?). Our data revealed that decontextualized generic phrases such as “Scientists say…” imply consensus among a majority of relevant experts (53.8% in Study 1 and 60.7-61.8% in Study 2). There was little variation in the degree of consensus implied by different generic phrases, but wide variation between different participants. These ratings of decontextualized phrases will inevitably be labile and prone to change with the addition of context, but under controlled conditions people interpret generic consensus statements in very different ways. We tested the novel hypothesis that individual differences in consensus estimates occur because generic phrases encourage an intuitive overgeneralization (e.g., Scientists believe = All scientists believe) that some people revise downwards on reflection (e.g., Scientists believe = Some scientists believe). Two pre-registered studies failed to support this hypothesis. There was no significant relationship between reflective thinking and consensus estimates (Study 1) and enforced reflection did not cause estimates to be revised downwards (Study 2). Those reporting scientific research should be aware that generically attributing beliefs to ‘Scientists’ or ‘Researchers’ is ambiguous and inappropriate when there is no clear consensus among relevant experts.
Reducing the Overlap Between Machiavellianism and Subclinical Psychopathy: The M7 and P7 Scales
Authors: Grosz Michael P. , Harms Peter D. , Dufner Michael , Kraft Livia , Wetzel Eunike
Published: December 2020

Machiavellianism (Mach) and subclinical psychopathy are two widely studied antagonistic personality traits with distinct theoretical conceptualizations. Mach is conceptualized by strategic deviousness, cynicism, and pragmatic morality, whereas subclinical psychopathy is conceptualized by impulsive antisocial tendencies, callousness, and rule-breaking. However, existing measures of the two traits are typically highly correlated and have very similar nomological networks. Notably, even though psychopathy scales should be more strongly positively associated with antisocial impulsivity and more strongly negatively associated with conscientiousness than Mach scales, existing Mach and psychopathy scales tend to be similarly related to these constructs. We created a new Mach scale, the M7, and a new psychopathy scale, the P7, by selecting items from existing Mach and psychopathy scales on the basis of the correlations of these items with antisocial impulsivity and conscientiousness. Across three studies (combined N = 4,607), the M7 and P7 showed acceptable to good psychometric properties in terms of closeness to unidimensionality, measurement precision, temporal stability, measurement invariance across language and gender groups, and convergent and discriminant validity (nomological network, self-other agreement, and interpersonal perceptions in group interactions). Most importantly, the new scales assess clearly distinct latent traits that are more in line with their theoretical conceptualizations than established scales are.
FSH directly regulates chondrocyte dedifferentiation and cartilage development
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Mengqi , Huan Zhikun , Shao Shanshan , Zhang Xiujuan , Kong Dehuan , Xu Jin
Published: December 2020

Previous studies suggest that postmenopausal osteoarthritis is linked to a decrease in estrogen levels. However, whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the upstream hormone of estrogen, affects cartilage destruction and thus contributes to the onset of osteoarthritis has never been explored. To evaluate the potential involvement of FSH in joint degeneration and to identify the molecular mechanisms through which FSH influences chondrocytes, mouse cartilage chondrocytes and the ATDC5 chondrocyte cell line were treated with FSH and inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways. We observed that FSH induces chondrocyte dedifferentiation by decreasing type II collagen (Coll-II) synthesis. Chondrocyte cytoskeleton reorganization was also observed after FSH treatment. The FSH-induced decrease in Coll-II was rescued by ERK-1/2 inhibition but aggravated by p38 inhibition. In addition, knocking down the FSH receptor (Fshr) by using Fshr siRNA abolished chondrocyte dedifferentiation, as indicated by the increased expression of Coll-II. Inhibition of the protein Gαi by pertussis toxin (PTX) also restored FSH-inhibited Coll-II, suggesting that Gαi is downstream of FSHR in chondrocyte dedifferentiation. FSHβ antibody blockade prevented cartilage destruction and cell loss in mice. Moreover, decreased Coll-II staining due to the progression of aging could be rescued by blocking FSH. Thus, we suggest that high circulating FSH, independent of estrogen, is an important regulator in chondrocyte dedifferentiation and cartilage destruction.
Research Methods: Information, systems and contexts
Authors: Wolske Martin
Published: December 2020

We are all participants in changing communities. Indeed, as community informaticists, we often play a guiding role in that change, either through crafting technologies to advance community development goals, or as outside evaluators assessing the intersection of community and technology. Evaluation is an important component in the overall research cycle. Williamson and Johanson’s new edited volume Research Methods: Information, Systems and Contexts is a valuable resource, guiding consideration of which evaluation methods and techniques are most appropriate within different contexts. Written for the information sciences, it is approachable beyond those in formal roles as academic researchers.
Shared identity and personal tie in influencing cooperative behavior
Authors: Jiang Hao , Carroll John M.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present a lab study on cooperative behavior in an economic game setting. We are particularly interested in two important social relations, namely shared identity and social ties, in influencing cooperative behavior, a form of social capital. The study suggests that both shared identity and social tie can lead to cooperation, but in different ways: shared identity will help resource reach wider recipients and social ties can concentrate resource distribution between persons who are connected. This finding has implication for practitioners and action researchers who are interested in community informatics.
Exploring the Formation of Social Capital in a Malaysia Virtual Community
Authors: Mohd Yusof Dr. Shafiz Affendi , Hashim Kamarul Faizal
Published: December 2020

The aim of this exploratory case study is to understand the formation of social capital within a Malaysian e-community context. A qualitative approach is employed to generate an in-depth understanding of the formation of social capital elements in the United Subang Group (USG) e-community. This community was selected because it is one of the most active virtual communities in Malaysia and among the first virtual communities developed there. We conducted semi-structured interviews and administered open-ended online questionnaires, with a total of 43 respondents. Through interpretive analysis, our findings affirm that while many of the classic features of social capital are present, such as group characteristics, norms, togetherness, sociability, connections, and volunteerism, trust building among virtual communities remains a challenge.
Implementing State-Level Technological Literacy Policy in Rural Pennsylvania
Authors: Stone Jeffrey A
Published: December 2020

This educational policy implementation study examines the implementation of Pennsylvania’s Classrooms for the Future (CFF) policy in a set of eight rural school districts. CFF implementation is investigated by combining considerations of local-level context with the perceptions and behaviors of teachers and administrators. The results suggest that the educational transformation promoted by CFF may not be occurring in the participating districts. Teachers and administrators differ in their perceptions of the implementation behaviors related to CFF and the use of ICT in the classroom, raising concerns about implementer discretion. Inadequate training, technical difficulties and prioritization are challenges to successful implementation.
The First Mile of Broadband Connectivity in Communities: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: McMahon Rob , Philpot Duncan , O'Donnell Susan , Beaton Brian , Whiteduck Tim , Burton Kevin , Gurstein Michael
Published: December 2020

In this special issue , “First Mile” refers to broadband infrastructure development that puts the needs of local communities first and ahead of the needs of private sector telecommunication corporations. This approach is one that prioritizes community-led solutions that seek to create local economic and social opportunities and to minimize the digital divide between rural and urban users (see: McMahon, O’Donnell, Smith, Walmark, Beaton, & Simmons, 2011). Around the world, broadband infrastructure and networks are rapidly being developed in communities marginalized in the network society. The relationships, structures and agreements put into place at this early development stage will shape how broadband systems are created and managed in the future. First Mile strategies include developing locally owned and managed telecommunication structures and networks. This special issue profiles First Mile projects and efforts that are as innovative, unique and vibrant as the communities from which they emerge. Further, this issue highlights some of the challenges facing First Mile initiatives. Several contributions in this issue deal with Canadian cases and others with remote and rural contexts around the world.
The First Mile Approach to Community Services in Fort Severn First Nation
Authors: Kakekaspan Matthew , O'Donnell Susan , Beaton Brian , Walmark Brian , Gibson Kerri
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Fort Severn Washaho Cree Nation is a small, remote northern community on the Severn River near Hudson Bay in Ontario. The community services delivered in Fort Severn are managed and controlled by the local leadership, working in collaboration with their regional tribal council Keewaytinook Okimakanak and other strategic partners. The First Mile is both an emerging policy approach and a framework that supports holistic and community-centred broadband development and use by First Nations. First Mile focuses on community management and control of local broadband infrastructure and services. The paper discusses how Fort Severn First Nation is putting First Mile concepts into action.
Local Communities and Home Rule: Extending the Alberta SuperNet to Unserved Areas
Authors: Kozak Nadine I
Published: December 2020

The Alberta SuperNet’s design strategy included fiber optic build-outs only to points of presence in cities, towns and villages.  This strategy created a crucial role for local business and community involvement in providing high-speed internet service in rural areas. A paucity of private providers led individuals and communities to develop micro solutions to obtain broadband. Using the concept of home rule as a theoretical lens, this article chronicles and analyzes three approaches taken by individuals, communities, and businesses to illustrate the successes and weaknesses of both the local decisions and the Alberta government’s approaches.
An African Rural Internet Network, and its interactions with Academics
Authors: Van Stam Gertjan , Van Greunen Darelle
Published: December 2020

Creating ICT access in the rural areas of Africa is a complex challenge. In these areas, telecommunications infrastructure is provided at a very high cost that may not be justified by the resulting use and effects of the telecommunications network. Affordable access to ICTs in rural areas can be frustrated at the supply as well as the demand end of the service-provision chain. To supply ICTs and related services in rural areas, the main challenge is the high level of capital and operating expenditures incurred by service providers. On the demand side, rural adoption of ICTs in developing countries is curtailed by low availability of complementary public services, such as electricity and education, and by the relative scarcity of locally relevant content. This paper highlight the various aspects of the challenges of setting up a First Mile project in rural Zambia. It takes a rather unique angle in that it introduces the perspectives on the value of academic interventions in a manner that not only addresses some of the complex issues but also accommodates cultural adjustment. The paper introduces the rural internet project in Macha, rural Zambia and demonstrates the impact of such an initiative on setting up not only connectivity in a rural community but also dealing with the challenges that come with this.
Rural Communications – What is a Rural Municipality’s Role?
Authors: Bly Allan
Published: December 2020

Many governments in the world have now recognized that rural communications is a utility, and as a result have implemented regulations and provided capital and operating funding to ensure that all communication services (broadband, mobility, public safety) are available to all residents and businesses. The term public utility refer to a set of services consumed by the public and traditionally have included electricity, natural gas, water, and sewage. It is essential that rural municipalities recognize that communications is a public utility and understand that their role in assisting private industry in removing the economic barriers to building reliable, scalable, and sustainable communication networks in rural areas.
Understanding Broadband Infrastructure Development in Remote and Rural Communities – a Staged and Reflexive Approach
Authors: Skogseid Ingjerd , Grøtte Ivar Petter , Strand Geir Liavåg
Published: December 2020

Access to broadband telecommunication infrastructure is important for both urban and rural areas. In urban areas market forces ensures access to service providers. In many rural and remote areas this is not the case. Local actors need to initiate the development of the infrastructure. This paper contributes to the development of a staged model for infrastructure development. We explore how local stakeholders have initiated and sustained the development of broadband access in rural and remote areas of Norway. Our conclusion is that the model is relevant in a Norwegian context. However we see the need to extend and strengthen it with elements of local reflexive processes taking context, feedback, learning, and global change forces into account. In initiating a timely development to meet local needs it is important to have a staged reflexive approach.  Such a model provides a path of development that allows local and regional initiatives to aggregate and grow.
ICT-Mediated Adaptive Capacity of Environmental Third Sector in Australia
Authors: Dhakal Subas P.
Published: December 2020

Australia has relied extensively on thousands of environmental third sector organisations (ETSOs) to care and plan for environmental protection. Although the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enable these organisations has been increasingly recognised ETSOs in general have slipped under the radar of ICT-oriented practices. The aim here is to respond to this gap and examine the differences in adaptive capacity between ICT adopter and non-adopter ETSOs in Perth, Western Australia. Based on the findings, which indicate that the majority of organisations are either overlooking or under-exploiting the potential of ICTs, it is recommended that existing environmental strategies that rely on ETSOs need to institutionalise ICT-specific support for these organisations.
Impacts of Mobile Phone Use on Poverty Reduction for Non-Commercial Farmers in Rural North Ghana
Authors: Smith Matthew David , Hanisch Jo
Published: December 2020

This paper presents findings from an investigation of the poverty-reduction impacts of mobile phone use by subsistence farmers in the Kaleo Traditional Area (KTA) in rural north Ghana. The mobile phone can benefit poor people engaged in commercial activities in developing countries, yet it remains unknown whether the mobile phone affords poverty-reduction impacts on livelihoods where commercial activity is secondary to self sustenance. Our findings suggest that comparative advantages exist for phone-owning farmers in the KTA. However, phoneless farmers who ‘free-ride’ on their phone-owning neighbours also accrue gains. Hence, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can benefit not only phone-owners with poverty-reduction impacts, but encouragingly (albeit, more subtly), phoneless farmers.
Book Review - Favela Digital: The Other Side of Technology
Authors: Halabi Ammar
Published: December 2020

David Nemer's photo book provides snapshots on the lives of residents of the Brazilian favela of Vitoria and their appropriation of digital technology. It is a visual collection that is intriguing for researchers and accessible to the general public.Today, where a significant amount of human interactions are carried over ICTs, it is ever more important to address the rights of digital access, usability, usefulness and literacy around technology. Favela Digital provokes this discussion from the ground-up using words and visions from people living in the favelas, making the message concrete, plausibly accessible and generative for policy and design contributions.
Community informatics as innovation in sociotechnical infrastructures
Authors: Carroll John M , Shih Patrick C , Kropczynski Jessica
Published: December 2020

One trajectory for community informatics is sociotechnical innovation: integrated innovations in the information and technology infrastructures of communities that enable innovation in communities themselves as social systems. We describe community informatics research emphasizing technology affordances of mobility and hyperlocality, aggregation and suprathresholding, information analytics, local digital currencies, reputation management systems, and crowd-based coordination. We present an envisionment scenario for a community innovation infrastructure incorporating and leveraging these technologies.
Community&Technologies, Community Informatics: Tensions and Challenges
Authors: De Cindio Fiorella
Published: December 2020

«missed up to now»
Curriculum development for mobile digital literacy skills acquisition using a Design Science Approach
Authors: Van Biljon Judy , Traxler John , Van der Merwe Ronell , Van Heerden Dalize
Published: December 2020

Mobile digital literacy skills development as part of digital inclusion is compellingly relevant but exactly what the curriculum should contain is less evident. In this paper, we report on the development of a mobile digital literacy skills development curriculum for teachers using a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. The use of design science research for curriculum development is not common but appropriate where the relevance cycle ensured engagement with the needs of the community while the rigor cycle guided the evaluations by other stakeholders.  The main contribution of this paper is the mobile digital literacy skills development curriculum as artifact. Furthermore, the paper provides insights gained on using the DSR methodology for community informatics research
First Mile Methodologies in Community Informatics Research: Learning from First Nations
Authors: McMahon Rob , Chasle Arline , Whiteduck Tim
Published: December 2020

How can Indigenous research methodologies inform Community Informatics? In this paper we reflect on this question by considering the problematic history of researcher-Indigenous relations before exploring some innovative approaches. Applications of these research tools must emerge during the course of a project to ensure they meet the contexts and needs of community and university partners. Examples from an ongoing research partnership, the First Nations Innovation (FNI) project, show how this ‘First Mile’ work can support Community Informatics research more generally.
Meta-Synthesizing Qualitative Research in Information Systems
Authors: Twinomurinzi Hossana , Johnson Roy
Published: December 2020

The beauty of qualitative research is in its appreciation of context, pluralism and diversity. However, this appreciation creates a problem; the results from such studies are often dissonant or appear to be disconnected. On the other hand, there is a growing acceptance and appeal for the rich insights gained from qualitative studies in Information Systems. In this paper, we propose the Qualitative Meta-Synthesis as a credible method to create substantive Information Systems theories from qualitative studies. We reflect on how Qualitative Meta-Synthesis has been used in other fields before proposing a set of guidelines. The paper makes a contribution to practice and theory. To theory, the paper offers emergent fields in Information Systems, especially those that depend a great deal on qualitative research (such as community informatics, e-government and ICT for development) a tool with which to create micro-, meso- and macro- level theories. For practice, the paper offers an approach that could assist policy makers to make sense of the dissonant findings from qualitative studies towards the creation of policy.
Reflective evaluation of civil society development: A case study of RLabs Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Wills Gary Brian
Published: December 2020

Civil society is a defining feature in development theory and practice. This article using ethnographical methodology; reflective analysis of narratives from the community to aggregate qualitative factors identified by fifteen community participants, that were important in the development of grassroots, IT4D development project. The question we were asking of the actors was:  “How did they achieve the formation of a civil community?”  Factors include extended time period, a developed community, dedicated leadership, group ethos and  dynamic sociological model of flows of information and people across group formation. A key feature is compassionate capitalism as a foundation of localised economic growth.
Mobile phones and reading for enjoyment: evidence of use and behaviour change
Authors: Tredoux Colin , Louw Johann , Louw-Potgieter Joha
Published: December 2020

A South African non-profit organisation, FunDza, launched a programme that delivers reading material via mobile phones. Computer log files of user activity over an eight-month period were analysed (N = 9,212,716), which showed that relatively large numbers of readers made use of the material (N = 65,533), and read a substantial amount of the material. We found evidence of positive shifts in reading behaviour. Further analysis showed that greater levels of participation in the programme were associated with greater enjoyment of reading. Furthermore, the longer participants read, the more confident they felt about their self-rated reading proficiency
Mapping an emergent Open Data eco-system
Authors: McLeod Michelle , McNaughton Maurice
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore a methodological approach to understand an emergent Open Data eco-system in developing countries and specifically tourism sector contexts. The conceptual and methodological bases using Actor Network Theory (ANT) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) are explored to understand their application to the Open Data phenomenon. Thirteen tourism industry officials in the public sector of five Caribbean countries were interviewed using a research instrument derived from the Open Data Research Network (ODRN) Common Assessment Framework for Open Data. The findings reveal an inter-connected emergent Open Data eco-system across five Caribbean countries.
Facebook’s “Free Basics”: For or against community development?
Authors: Yim Moonjung , Gomez Ricardo , Carter Michelle S
Published: December 2020

A recent discussion on a prominent community informatics (CI) listserv revealed arguments for and against the Facebook’s Free Basics platform among researchers in the field. To continue and enrich the conversation, this study first examines the contrasting stances revealed in the CI listserv discussion and derives the CI researchers’ major concerns about the platform. Under the light of these concerns, we then explore the nature of Facebook’s Free Basics in relation to community development through analysis of one of the forefront services that Free Basics offers, i.e., Facebook. Specifically, we examine relationships between uses of Facebook and information technology (IT) identity formation and social capital. We argue that although projects operated by private companies may possess potential for supporting community development, much consideration is needed in embracing the technology solutions due to the risks and restrictions they can impose on its users. We also suggest the CI researchers to open the next round of discussion regarding ways to thoroughly assess possible flaws of Free Basics and help users of the platform make more informed decisions. IT identity is a new theory that can help shed new light on the challenges of using platforms such as Free Basics and their contribution to community development.
Geek Heresy: a heretical view of technology for development
Authors: Roberts Tony
Published: December 2020

not applicable
Data Literacy - What is it and how can we make it happen?
Authors: Frank Mark , Walker Johanna , Attard Judie , Tygel Alan
Published: December 2020

With the advent of the Internet and particularly Open Data, data literacy (the ability of non-specialists to make use of data) is rapidly becoming an essential life skill comparable to other types of literacy. However, it is still poorly defined and there is much to learn about how best to increase data literacy both amongst children and adults. This issue addresses both the definition of data literacy and current efforts on increasing and sustaining it. A feature of the issue is the range of contributors. While there are important contributions from the UK, Canada and other Western countries, these are complemented by several papers from the Global South where there is an emphasis on grounding data literacy in context and relating it the issues and concerns of communities.
Granny gets smarter but Junior hardly notices
Authors: Blignaut Renette , Venter Isabella Margarethe , Renaud Karen
Published: December 2020

To ensure that university computing students are sensitized to the needs of diverse user groups, a course project was designed to allow students to get a realistic understanding of the needs and abilities of the older mobile phone user. Over a three year period different student cohorts interviewed these users to assess their experience with mobile phones. It was found that students were generally dismissive of the cognitive abilities of the older mobile phone user. However the yearly snapshot revealed that the older user’s abilities improved year on year. Being prepared to understand all user groups is an essential skill that should be acquired by future interface designers.
Data Murals: Using the Arts to Build Data Literacy
Authors: Bhargava Rahul , Kadouaki Ricardo , Bhargava Emily , Castro Guilherme , D'Ignazio Catherine
Published: December 2020

Current efforts to build data literacy focus on technology-centered approaches, overlooking creative non-digital opportunities. This case study is an example of how to implement a Popular Education-inspired approach to building participatory and impactful data literacy using a set of visual arts activities with students at an alternative school in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.  As a result of the project data literacy among participants increased, and the project initiated a sustained interest within the school community in using data to tell stories and create social change.
Expert yet vulnerable: Understanding the needs of transit dependent riders to inform policy and design
Authors: Rose Emma J. , Racadio Robert , Martin Travis , Girard Deidre , Kolko Beth
Published: December 2020

Transportation is a crucial resource that links people to jobs, social networks, community and services. The transit dependent -- those who do not own private vehicles -- occupy a unique position. They are expert in their knowledge of public transportation while vulnerable to the failures and limitations of transit. This paper presents the results of a study that is aimed at understanding the lived experience of transit dependent riders. Using a framework of structuration theory as an analytic lens, we provide a thematic analysis of qualitative data including interviews with socially connected groups of people and video diaries. The results demonstrate the expertise that transit dependent riders have about transit and its policies and how they deploy that expertise in productive and cunning ways to make the system work for them. The analysis of this data resulted in three categories of agency to consider when designing for vulnerable populations: resourcefulness, reciprocity and powerlessness. The paper concludes by advocating for a human-centered approach to designing systems in community informatics and offers a set of guiding questions for designers of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to consider, especially with regards to vulnerable populations.
Collective Digital Storytelling in Community-based co-design projects. An Emergent Approach
Authors: Lorini Maria Rosa , Sabiescu Amalia , Memarovic Nemanja
Published: December 2020

Digital storytelling (DST) can play a critical role in co-design initiatives involving local communities, as a method for bridging exploratory phases and co-design processes. The paper draws on three case studies of collective DST in underserved locations. While DST enabled groups to present themselves and their communities, its evolution showed that activities crystallized into creative concepts and community-driven projects that generated new ideas, new collaboration pathways and new networking capabilities. The structured analysis of these case studies can be used by researchers looking to spur grassroots initiative and encourage local participation and engagement in community-based design.La narration numérique peut jouer un rôle essentiel dans les initiatives de co-design avec des communautés locales, en tant que méthode pour passer de la phase exploratoire de la recherche au processus de co-design. L’article se fonde sur trois études de cas de narration numériques collectives dans des communautés défavorisées. La narration numérique a donnée aux groups la possibilité de se présenter tandis que son processus génératif a cristallisé dans des concepts créatifs et des projets communautaires porteurs de nouvelles idées, voies de collaboration et capacités de réseautage. L'analyse structurée de ces études peut être utilisée par les chercheurs intéressés à stimuler l'initiative locale et à encourager la participation et l'engagement communautaires.
Bringing Community Back to Community Health Worker Studies: Community interactions, data collection, and health information flows
Authors: Obeysekare Eric Ryan , Mehta Khanjan , Maitland Carleen
Published: December 2020

Community Health Workers (CHWs) have the potential to be a great resource in the further growth of the fledging healthcare systems that exist in many developing countries. Through their position as community members, CHWs can interact with other individuals in the areas where they live and work and serve as valuable health resources by providing basic health information and referrals up the healthcare chain. However, few studies have examined CHWs from a community-based perspective. This study analyzes the work and relationships of several CHWs working for the Mashavu mHealth venture in Nyeri, Kenya. Through the use of participant observation and interviews, the workflows of these CHWs were investigated with a specific eye towards interactions between CHWs and their communities and how these interactions affect potential health data collection opportunities. This community-based perspective reveals unique insights into the workflows of the CHWs and how technology might be designed to support them.
Participatory Collaboration Mapping in Malawi: Making Mike’s Community Informatics Idea(l)s Work
Authors: De Moor Aldo
Published: December 2020

In this tribute to Michael Gurstein, we first summarize three of his key concepts: Community Informatics, Effective Use, and Community Innovation. We then apply his ideas to a case on participatory collaboration mapping in Malawi. We end the tribute with a reflection and re-iterating Mike'ss call for Community Informatics research and action to keep meeting.
What Do Mobile-Connected Cambodians Do Online?
Authors: Richardson Jayson W. , Nash John , Lingat John Eric M.
Published: December 2020

Considering recent developments related to government monitoring of the internet in Cambodia and a renewed push in civil society to improve access to information for Cambodian citizens, we wondered: what do Cambodian owners of smartphones do on the internet?  This article reports how respondents use the Internet, smartphone use, perceive benefits of the Internet, and social media use. A survey was developed iteratively by the research team, with ongoing support from members of the in-country team located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. A planned missing data design was utilized. The survey was disseminated to 35,000 Cambodia smart phone users. 429 responses were gathered on questions focusing on the personal, political, social media activities on the internet. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on how various societies are getting access to the internet and what they do when they are on the internet.
Using Q-Sort Methodology to test the Non-hierarchical Online Learning Community (NHOLC) Framework
Authors: Kermish-Allen Ruth , Kastelein Kate
Published: December 2020

The Non-Hierarchical Online Learning Community (NHOLC) conceptual framework was designed to leverage the understanding of sociocultural learning theory and community informatics to inform design principles for citizen science online learning communities that inspire online collaboration and local environmental action. The study presented here applies the NHOLC framework, using a Q-Sort methodology, to three online learning communities for citizens that were successful in fostering online collaboration and environmental actions. The findings of this paper provide tangible design principles that can be used to develop or revise online learning communities for citizen science instead of re-inventing the wheel for each newly emerging project.
Building communities, bridging divides: Community technology centers and social capital
Authors: Grzeslo Jenna
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the use of community technology centers (CTCs) by U.S. adults. In this context, CTCs are broadly defined as public, not for profit facilities where individuals can access the internet and information communication technologies, the most common of which are public libraries. Furthermore, CTCs are a junction where technology usage and community participation can occur concurrently. Two rounds of data collection using Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 585) and a Qualtrics Survey Panel (n = 330) were used to develop a unique measure of social capital generated at CTCs. Through multiple regression analyses, this study identifies that the activities completed at CTCs but not the frequency of attendance are associated with higher levels of community technology center social capital (CTCSC), or rather the feelings of trust and reciprocity captured by our measure.
Building Community Social Capital: The Potential and Promise of Information and Communications Technologies
Authors: Pigg Kenneth E. , Crank Laura Duffy
Published: December 2020

Increasing community social capital is widely viewed as one of the benefits of the deployment of information and communications technologies. A meta-analysis of the literature related to social capital and ICTs is completed. Using the five elements of social capital generally described in the research literature, the meta-analysis examines the empirical findings related to each of these five elements. The results indicate that much work remains to be done before it can be said with any validity that ICTs can, in fact, create community social capital.
Community Informatics and Sustainability: Why Social Capital Matters
Authors: Simpson Lyn E
Published: December 2020

This paper adopts a holistic approach to explain why social capital matters for effective implementation, widespread uptake, greater social inclusion, and the sustainability of CI initiatives. It describes a theoretical framework drawn from diffusion of innovation, community development and social capital theories. The framework emphasises the interplay between physical infrastructure (including hard technologies and their location in the community), soft technologies (including capacity building, education, training and awareness raising), social infrastructure (including local networks and community organisations) and social capital (including trust and reciprocity, strong sense of community, shared vision, and outcomes from participation in local and external networks).
An Interpretivist Case Study of a South African Rural Multi-Purpose Community Centre
Authors: Van Belle Jean-Paul , Trusler Jonathan
Published: December 2020

This article presents an in-depth case study analysis of a single rural telecentre located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The study embraces the socio-technical research paradigm and uses a combination of hermeneutics and actor-network theory as the theoretical foundation with which to explore the mutual interaction between people and ICTs. The objective of the analysis is to gain a much deeper and richer understanding of the implementation issues of a multi-purpose community centre in a rural development situation.
Editorial: Putting Our Work in Context
Authors: Gurstein Michael B.
Published: December 2020

Editorial: Putting Our Work in Context
ICTs and Community and Suggestions for Further Research in Scotland
Authors: Malina Anna , Ball Ian W.
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews previous research exploring the significance of community based information and communication technologies (ICTs) for routine daily life. The paper then summarizes strategies and plans to develop ICTs in communities throughout Scotland. Short case studies of two different programs in Scotland are examined, and recent findings from assessments of these projects considered. Aspects of sustainability in relation to ICT and community are then examined. Finally, the paper suggests need for more collaborative research and more in-depth empirical work to clarify the implications of new relationships developing between ICT and community. Empirical research and critical analysis will help broaden understanding of Community Informatics by informing policy makers, practitioners, researchers and communities. In turn, greater knowledge about the significance of new technologies may help support community based technologies in a more sustainable fashion.
Looking Critically at ICT4Dev: The Case of Lincos
Authors: Granqvist Manne
Published: December 2020

This article is based on a master's thesis presented in 2003, the objective of which was to demonstrate how theoretical insights inherited from critical social research traditions could inform the assessment of ICT projects in marginalized regions. While mainstream assessment models are devoted to infrastructure issues, and further fit well within a technologically determinist and often neoliberal conceptual framework, alternatively minded movements have begun to explore more socially oriented instruments. The thesis set out to contribute to this process, elaborating investigational themes that drew from critical perspectives on technology and development. It then applied these themes to the Lincos telecenter project in the Dominican Republic. In this article the observations from the field are recounted with the aim of showing the relevance and applicability of a critical social approach to ICT-for-Development.
Learning in Communities: A Distributed Intelligence Perspective
Authors: Fischer Gerhard
Published: December 2020

Distributed intelligence provides an effective theoretical framework for understanding what humans can achieve and how artifacts, tools, and socio-technical environments can be designed and evaluated to empower human beings and to change tasks.