bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stock Market Prediction Based Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model Using Picture Fuzzy ˆZ-Information
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Khalid Amna , Batool Bushra , Tlija Mehdi , Jana Chiranjibe , Pamucar Dragan
Published: September 2024

In the ever-evolving finance field, accurate market forecasts are necessary for traders and investors. Utilizing machine learning and data analysis, our focus is on developing an advanced model to predict stock prices with accuracy by analyzing historical trends. This research paper tackles pressing issues in Stock Market Prediction through the utilization of the multi-criteria group decision-making (MGCDM) approach. The approach offers a systematic means to assess and contrast various criteria and choices, enhancing decision-making accuracy. To further enhance this methodology, we integrate Zadeh’sˆZZadeh’sˆ Zadeh’sˆZ-numbers with constraints and reliability measures to address existing gaps in understanding their full capabilities. Our exploration focuses on utilizingˆZutilizingˆ utilizingˆZ-numbers, characterized by unpredictability and fuzziness, by merging them with picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) to capitalize on their potential benefits. To improve the capacity to handle completely unclear decisions and efficiently capture the fuzzy character, versatility, and application of decision-making data, we created picture fuzzyˆZfuzzyˆ fuzzyˆZ-numbers for pairwise comparisons of decision-makers possibilities. We created weighted averaging, ordered weighted averaging, hybrid averaging, weighted geometric, ordered weighted geometric , and hybrid geometric operators as well as operating rules and aggregation operators for picture fuzzy ˆ Z-number using algebraic T − N and T − CN .We utilize the average and geometric aggregation operators, comparing them with CoCo to Indicate the efficiency and functionality of our proposed technique. Through our investigation, particularly in decision-making contexts like Stock Market assessment, we underscore the significance of these operators and methodologies, particularly concerning Stock Market Prediction. We explore the relationship between uncertainty and randomness, enhancing our comprehension ofˆZofˆ ofˆZ-numbers and their capacity to handle uncertain data. Our research establishes a robust basis for better decision-making and uncertainty management across various fields by focusing on accuracy and precision.
Assessment of Local Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sector in a Low-income Country: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Marew Tesfa , Belete Anteneh , Richmond Frances J. , Gebre-Mariam Tsige
Published: September 2024

Background
In high-income countries and emerging economies, pharmaceutical manufacturing is a driver for socioeconomic development. In sub-Saharan Africa, local pharmaceutical production is still fledgling largely because of historical economic and technological asymmetry. In Ethiopia alike, this environment has changed little despite six decades long operations and several support initiatives; access to essential medicines remained a persistent challenge. This study attempted to explore the views and experiences of professionals working in Ethiopian pharmaceutical industry regarding the context, performance, challenges and potential opportunities towards local production.
Methods
A validated structured survey questionnaire was disseminated to professionals working in local pharmaceutical companies. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to study the effects of different factors on the performance of the local manufacturing sector.
Results
About half of the professionals rated the current production technology as advanced while 68% described it as semi-automated. Close to one-third reported that the companies are operating at acceptable level of performance, and about 50% reported low-capacity utilization in their companies. Most professionals viewed export market activities as poor and many identified weak research and development activities. Unplanned operations downtimes, limited physical infrastructure, inadequate access to foreign currency, shortage and high staff turnover of qualified experts, lack of commitment from top management, absence of merit-based support system and limitations in compliance with regulatory and quality requirements were reported as major challenges. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that capacity utilization (α = 0.008), research and development capacity (α = 0.014) and export market activities (α = 0.027) have significant impact on the sector performance.
Conclusion
Despite commendable efforts by the industry and government, limitations in financing, infrastructure, qualified workforce, and quality system implementation are affecting capacity utilization and performance. Absence of reliable staff attraction and retention system, lack of effective leadership and non-favourable working environment were identified as missing elements.
An Exact Solution for Equatorially Trapped Waves on the Modified Equatorial β-Plane
Authors: Liu Nan , Liu Hui , Yu Jing , Song Jian
Published: September 2024

We give a study of the exact solution of the nonlinear governing equations for geophysical water waves in the modified equatorial β-plane approximation in the vicinity of the equator. In the standard geophysical equatorial region, a correction is made to the modified equatorial β-plane model equations, a gravity correction term is added to the approximation of the equatorial tangent plane, and an exact solution to the corrected equations is derived. We can find analysis and consideration of nonlinear ocean wave propagation using a Lagrangian framework. In this sense, the exact solution obtained for the corrected equatorial captured wave is more convincing.
NELL-1 Associated Membranous Nephropathy: A case report of Lipoic Acid-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Rashid Saman , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Kannan Bharath Duraisamy Swami
Published: September 2024

Membranous nephropathy (MN) often arises from secondary causes such as hepatitis, HIV or heavy metal poisoning, but occasionally occurs without any identifiable underlying cause. Typically, more than 70% of cases are positive for phospholipaseA2 receptor 1(PLA2R1) and thromboplastin type 1 domain-containing protein 7 A (THSD7A). However, emerging evidence suggests associations with novel biomarkers. We present a case in which MN was associated with NELL-1 expression due to lipoic acid use (LA), highlighting the importance of identifying emerging biomarkers for MN diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate treatment.
Clinical Trial Number: Not applicabale
Reduction of RAD23A extends lifespan and mitigates pathology in TDP-43 mice
Authors: kalb Robert , Guo Xueshui , Prajapati Ravindra , Chun Jiyeon , Byon Insuk , Gebis Kamil , Wang Yi-Zhi , Ling Karen , Dalton Casey , Blair Jeff , Hamidianjahromi Anahid , Bachmann Gemma , Rigo Frank , Jafar-nejad Paymaan , Savas Jeffrey , Lee Min , Sreedha Jemeen
Published: September 2024

Protein misfolding and aggregation are cardinal features of neurodegenerative disease (NDD) and they contribute to pathophysiology by both loss-of-functon(LOF) and gain-of-functon(GOF) mechanisms. This is well exemplified by TDP-43 which aggregates and mislocalizes in several NDDs. The depletion of nuclear TDP-43 leads to reduction in its normal function in RNA metabolism and the cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 leads to aberrant protein homeostasis. A modifier screen found that loss of rad23 suppressed TDP-43 pathology in invertebrate and tissue culture models. Here we show in a mouse model of TDP-43 pathology that genetic or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated reduction in rad23a confers benefits on survival and behavior, histological hallmarks of disease and reduction of mislocalized and aggregated TDP-43. This results in improved function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and correction of transcriptomic alterations evoked by pathologic TDP-43. RAD23A-dependent remodeling of the insoluble proteome appears to be a key event driving pathology in this model. As TDP-43 pathology is prevalent in both familial and sporadic NDD, targeting RAD23A may have therapeutic potential.
LLMscreen: A Python Package for Systematic Review Screening of Scientific Texts Using Prompt Engineering
Authors: Xia Ziqian , Ye Jinquan , Hu Bo , Qiang Qiqi , Debnath Ramit
Published: September 2024

Systematic reviews represent a cornerstone of evidence-based research, yet the process is labor-intensive and time-consuming, often requiring substantial human resources. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a novel approach to streamlining systematic reviews, particularly in the title and abstract screening phase. This study introduces a new Python package built on LLMs to accelerate this process, evaluating its performance across three datasets using distinct prompt strategies: single-prompt, k-value setting, and zero-shot. The k-value setting approach emerged as the most effective, achieving a precision of 0.649 and reducing the average error rate to 0.4%, significantly lower than the 10.76% error rate typically observed among human reviewers. Moreover, this approach enabled the screening of 3,000 papers in under 8 minutes, at a cost of only $0.30—an over 250-fold improvement in time and 2,000-fold cost efficiency compared to traditional methods. These findings underscore the potential of LLMs to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of systematic reviews, though further research is needed to address challenges related to dataset variability and model transparency. Expanding the application of LLMs to other stages of systematic reviews, such as data extraction and synthesis, could further streamline the review process, making it more comprehensive and less burdensome for researchers.
Sysmtematic study of liver inflammation related genes in Human (Homo sapiens) and Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).
Authors: Shaukat Rizwan , Arshad Hafsa
Published: September 2024

This study employs computational analysis to identify and characterize liver inflammation-related genes in humans. Focusing on five genes including as mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), interleukin 6 (IL6), and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2), the research includes gene sequence retrieval (NCBI), chromosomal mapping, gene structure prediction, motif analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and gene ontology annotation. The analysis reveals that these genes are randomly distributed across chromosomes and are involved in key biological processes related to liver inflammation. Protein-protein interaction analysis identifies ITGA2 as a central gene with high interaction degrees. Gene ontology results show IL6 and OAS2 significant roles in the defense response to viruses. OSA2 –Hs gene showed more phylogeny with OSA2 –Pt while showed larger diversity with MAPK1-Hs visualized by phylogenetic. Expression analysis showed that CDK2 gene showed up-regulation in telencephalon (high expression).The findings offer insights into liver inflammation mechanisms and suggest potential biomarkers for early disease monitoring and therapeutic strategies. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these computational predictions.
Evaluating Domain Coverage in Low-Resource Generative Chatbots: A Comparative Study of Open-Domain and Closed-Domain Approaches Using BLEU Scores
Authors: Soni Arpita , Arora Rajeev , Kumar Anoop , Panwar Dheerendra
Published: September 2024

Chatbots employ Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to conduct automated chats and provide online assistance to users. Chatbots fall into two categories—generative models and retrieval models. E-commerce is the main application for retrieval-based chatbots—which provide pre-programmed responses and are easy to use with controlled interactions. While generative-based chatbots are more appropriate for research applications—they are more difficult to train and maintain. This is because they produce unique responses based on large conversational datasets. Therefore, in order to establish whether open-domain or closed-domain techniques work better—this study examines the domain coverage of low-resource generative chatbots. We compare their performance using Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores in different domains to determine which method performs better.
Involvement of NADPH oxidase in the shedding of tissue factor-bearing vesicles from human monocytic cells exposed to ice-cold temperature
Authors: Nishioka Akira , Azma Toshiharu , Mio Yasushi
Published: September 2024

Recent rise in whole blood usage for traumatic hemorrhagic shock prompts reevaluation of leukocyte's impact on hemostatic function during cold storage. We investigated whether tissue factor (TF) production in human monocytic cells (THP-1) is influenced by cold storage or rewarming, employing mechanisms similar to apoptosis. We also explored the role of superoxide anion (·O2−) generated from NADPH oxidase (NOX) in TF production.
Methods: THP-1 cells incubated at 4°C for up to 24 h with/without test reagents were rewarmed at 37°C, and subject to flow cytometry. Cells were washed by centrifugation before the rewarming as required. TF in the supernatant of cells was also measured.
Results: TF and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased during cold storage for up to 24 h. TF increased at 1–2 h after cell lavage following the cold storage, indicating functional shedding of TF-bearing vesicles, not by leakage through the cell membrane due to apoptotic cell damage. TF-bearing vesicles shed from THP-1 cells were distinct from apoptotic vesicles. SOD and catalase inhibited TF production during cold storage, but only SOD suppressed TF production after cell lavage. Western blot analysis confirmed the recruitment of p47phox and p67phox into the cell membrane during cold storage, indicating involvement of ·O2− from NOX in TF-bearing vesicle shedding.
Conclusions: We found that extracellular addition of SOD successfully suppressed TF release from THP-1 cells exposed to cold, suggesting that ·O2− derived from NOX was involved in the TF release from human monocytic cells during both cold storage and rewarming.
NAVIGATING THE INTERCONNECTIONS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   Pulmonary Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Mohammed Basheri Shareefah , Mania Alkhalifah Abdulrahman ,   Radiology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Ibrahim Bin Doukhi Shikah ,   Nursing Services Administration, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Yahaya Al Raithy Fatmah ,   Nursing Services Administration, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Ahmed Asiri Mohammed ,   Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Saleem Hussein Aljuwayed Hussein ,   Pulmonary Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Ali Al Musallam Maha ,   Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Awad Alharbi Fawaz ,   Pulmonary Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Published: September 2024

The multifaceted bidirectional relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a critical intersection in chronic disease management, with profound implications for patient outcomes. OSA is highly prevalent among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), and emerging evidence suggests its significance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D). The underlying pathophysiology involves complex interactions between intermittent hypoxia, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance, contributing to the development and exacerbation of both conditions. Clinically, the coexistence of OSA and DM accelerates the progression of cardiovascular and microvascular complications, complicating management strategies and increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Early detection and management of OSA in diabetic patients are essential for improving glycemic control and reducing the risk of complications. Current guidelines advocate for routine OSA screening in diabetic patients, particularly those with poor glycemic control or obesity. Treatments like Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) have shown promise in improving both sleep quality and metabolic outcomes. However, significant research gaps remain, particularly in understanding the prevalence of OSA in T1D, the molecular pathways linking these conditions, and the long-term benefits of OSA treatment on diabetic outcomes. Future research must focus on large-scale epidemiological studies, mechanistic insights, and personalized medicine approaches to optimize care for patients with coexisting OSA and DM. Addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing clinical practice and improving patient quality of life.
Environmental Impact Analysis: Scientific Tool or Philosopher's Stone?
Authors: Banister David
Published: September 2024

This commentary takes a paper from each of the three issues of Built Environment devoted to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The first published in 1978 reviews methods of analysis, the second from 1994 anticipates the arrival of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA),
and the third published in 2001 focuses on EIA in Japan.
Inclusion and the Rise of Liveability
Authors: Natajaran Lucy
Published: September 2024

This commentary revisits papers from 1990 and 2023 revealing how power relations and their effects on inclusion remain inherent within elements of the built environment, and that today more attention is given to liveability.
Regional Perspectives
Authors: Natajaran Lucy
Published: September 2024

This commentary takes papers from two very different issues to reveal something of the huge range of research into the nature of urban areas at the regional scale from cultural influences to scientific, mechanic, socio-economic, and political intervention.
Transport – There Must Be better Ways
Authors: Banister David
Published: September 2024

This commentary revisits two contrasting papers published eighteen years apart which reveal how thinking about the role of the car and public transport in cities has changed, the first focusing on public transport policies, the second on micromobility.
Ayurveda After Age of Covid-19 Exploring the Impact and Empowering Informed Decisions Through Health Literacy
Authors: Ramachandran Ayswarya , Patel Nilesh J
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the role of Ayurveda in the post- COVID era, focusing on its potential impact on healthcare systems and the empowerment of informed decision-making through health literacy. Ayurveda, an ancient holistic healing system originating in India over 5,000 years ago, offers a unique approach to health promotion and disease management based on personalized treatments, herbal medicines, lifestyle modifications, and preventive care. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of exploring complementary treatments, such as Ayurveda, which provides immune-boosting techniques, post-COVID symptom management, mental health support, and integrative healthcare options. By integrating Ayurveda into mainstream healthcare systems, policymakers and healthcare authorities can address contemporary health challenges more effectively while promoting greater health literacy among individuals. This paper discusses the historical background, principles, and therapeutic modalities of Ayurveda, along with its potential role in boosting immunity and managing post- COVID symptoms. It also examines the challenges and opportunities of integrating Ayurveda into post-pandemic healthcare, including policy recommendations, education reforms, and industrial initiatives. Overall, the integration of Ayurveda into modern healthcare systems holds promise for improving healthcare delivery, enhancing patient outcomes, and fostering greater health literacy in the post- COVID era.
Knowledge, Perception and Preference for Contraceptives among Women in Christianity Religion
Authors: Adeyemi O.
Published: September 2024

This study aims to examine the knowledge, perception and preference of family planning methods among women of the Christian faith with a particular focus on women from 3 different congregations within the Christian faith. A cross-sectional Descriptive survey was deployed as a design. A structured questionnaire was the instrument used and a total of 315 respondents were all women and attended: The Redeemed Christian Church of God, Palace of Grace Parish, Iju, Lagos, The City of the Lord Church, Beautiful Gate Solution, Giwa, Oke Aro, Ogun State, and The Celestial Church of Christ, Oluwatosin Parish, Iju, Lagos, Nigeria filled and returned their questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics of frequency, tables and percentages. Findings from the study revealed that the majority of the women ((86.0%) have substantial knowledge about contraceptives and their perception was affirmative. Also, the study was able to establish that the commonly used method was hormonal contraception implants (63.3%). A major determinant of the choice of contraceptives was the health benefits and couples’ convenience. This study highly recommends the sustenance of the intensity of campaign, advocacy and awareness creation on the usefulness and health benefits of appropriate usage of family planning methods. It is also recommended that the involvement of men in the reproductive health of every woman, especially in family planning will further enhance women's involvement and improve their attitudes positively.
Exploring Burnout Prevention: Self-Care and Coping Strategies for Child Welfare Social Workers in Penang
Authors: Mohamad Za’ba Nur Zarina , Kamarul Bahrin Farhana
Published: September 2024

Burnout among child welfare social workers was a critical issue, manifesting as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, significantly impairing their ability to provide effective support to vulnerable populations. While burnout is a well-explored phenomenon globally, limited attention has been given to its specific manifestations in the Malaysian context. In Penang, the Department of Social Welfare faced the dual challenge of high caseloads and limited resources, which exacerbated the risk of burnout among its social workers. This study aimed to explore the self-care practices and coping strategies employed by child welfare social workers in Penang to mitigate burnout. By identifying effective methods to maintain mental health and professional resilience, this research sought to inform policy and practice, fostering a supportive environment that enhanced the well-being and efficacy of social workers. Through comprehensive analysis and first-hand insights, this study contributed to the growing body of knowledge essential for sustaining a motivated and healthy workforce in the child welfare sector.
Burnout and Resilience as Predictors of Depression and Anxiety among HIV Naïve Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Eleojo Awunor Christie , Giwa Aisha , Olanlesi-Aliu Adedoyin , Agbo Itodo Simon , Babarinde Edith , Audu Mercy , Oluwasina Folajinmi
Published: September 2024

Studies have demonstrated that individuals living with severe and chronic illnesses, such as HIV, experience heightened vulnerability to mental health issues, specifically depression and anxiety. This study examined the effect of burnout and resilience as predictors of depression and anxiety among HIV naïve patients in Nigeria. 1022 participants were sampled using a multistage sampling technique from hospitals across the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja where HIV/AIDS care services are provided. Instruments used for data collection were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Conor Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 2), and Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI). Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions on SPSS version 26. Results indicated that burnout positively predicted depression R = .677, R2 = .459, [F (3,977) = 274.934, P<.01], and anxiety R = .721, R2 = .520, [F (3,984) = 53.966, P<.01] among participants. Similarly, resilience also predicted depression R =194, R2 = .038, [F (1,996) = 38.774, P<.01], and anxiety R =194, R2 = .038, [F (1,996) = 38.774, P<.01] among study participants. The study further revealed that burnout and resilience significantly and jointly predicted depression R =.680, R2 = .463, [F (2,977) = 419.748, P<.01], and anxiety R =.697, R2 = .486, [F (2,984) = 464.106, P<.01] among participants. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that there is a need to integrate routine mental health screening and care into all HIV testing and treatment at ART centres to strengthen HIV prevention and care outcomes.
O burnout pela ótica do direito internacional dos direitos humanos: Novas diretrizes globais pela OMS/OIT
Authors: Guimarães Leonardo Bernardes , Garcez Gabriela Soldano
Published: September 2024

O direito à saúde é destaque no âmbito internacional dos Direitos Humanos, pois serve tanto como limite para o exercício de determinadas práticas, como também é parte integrante e essencial para a obtenção dos outros direitos básicos à vida digna, como é o caso da assistência social, da cultura e do emprego, à medida que promovem a inclusão social e a cidadania. Dentro da lógica neoliberal de uso do trabalho humano para lucro a qualquer custo e de redução das capacidades dos Estados em propagar políticas de bem-estar social, as restrições observadas servem como salvaguarda para precarização, em especial, da saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Para a OMS, o conceito de saúde vai além de uma visão simplesmente medicamentosa, abrangendo também aspectos de bem-estar e integridade, tanto do corpo quanto da mente, havendo igual previsibilidade, em especial pela Convenção 155 da OIT de aspectos inerentes à saúde ocupacional no meio ambiente do trabalho e que devem ser preventivamente estabelecidos. O presente artigo busca a analisar de forma crítico-dedutiva, por meio da pesquisa da bibliografia pertinente, bem como dos documentos internacionais apresentar primeiramente o Direito à Saúde Mental como um Direito Humano para posteriormente determinar dentro dessa construção, o Burnout como o grande problema a ser enfrentado, passando-se então as novas diretrizes da OMS/OIT, apresentando-se considerações finais no sentido de que a proteção à saúde mental é um Direito Humano com reflexos fundamentais na condução de políticas empresariais internas que devem buscar a prevenção das ocorrências, sem prejuízo de sua responsabilidade jurídica.
A população em situação de rua em duas metrópoles globais: São Paulo e Nova York
Authors: Do Nascimento Luiz Sales , Ramalho Bianca Requena Dominici
Published: September 2024

Nada obstante o objetivo de eliminação da pobreza crítica (ou extrema) pela Carta da Organização dos Estados Americanos, pelo Pacto Internacional de Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais, pela própria Constituição brasileira, e pela Agenda 2030, o problema apenas tem se agravado – o que contribui decisivamente para o incremento quantitativo da população em situação de rua. A pesquisa objetivou responder se é possível solucionar ou diminuir para níveis razoáveis a existência do grupo de pessoas em situação de rua na principal metrópole brasileira, São Paulo, por meio do método comparativo, ao cotejar os programas e políticas públicas de Nova York, a principal metrópole do país mais rico do mundo. Em caso negativo, colima-se responder como garantir o êxito de nossos programas e políticas públicas para o setor. O estudo demonstrou que o funcionamento hígido das instituições de Estado pode contribuir não com a solução, mas com a mitigação do problema.
Ponderação hermenêutica sobre a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais no estado brasileiro
Authors: Pozzoli Lafayette , De Souza Lucas Daniel Ferreira
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo analisará a dignidade da pessoa humana enquanto fundamento da República Federativa do Brasil, promovendo um debate jurídico sobre as acepções doutrinárias, a fim de despertar no leitor novas interpretações sobre o tema. De maneira clara e objetiva, será proposto uma análise filosófica e jurídica sobre os fundamentos que chancelam a dignidade humana a partir da observância dos direitos fundamentais, levando em consideração os postulados previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. A metodologia desenvolvida ao longo deste estudo foi pautada pelo método dialético, com base numa revisão bibliográfica criteriosa de livros, artigos, dissertações e revistas, tendo como pontapé inicial a formulação da problemática, a procura de fontes de pesquisa, a análise do material selecionado e a acareação do tema com outras ciências do conhecimento. Conclui-se que a acepção pessoa humana está intrinsecamente relacionada a condição de sujeito de direitos. Isso significa dizer que todas as pessoas devem ser tratadas com dignidade por meio da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais, chancelando-se, assim, a opção do legislador originário por um Estado Democrático de Direito.
Integrated urban wastewater system operation: Performance evaluation and sewer network's operation implications
Authors: Vasiliev Iulian , Luca Laurențiu , Barbu Marian , Vilanova Ramon , Caraman Sergiu , Meneses Benitez Montserrat
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with the operation of the Integrated Urban Wastewater System as composed of the Sewer Network and associated Wastewater Treatment Plant. The performance of the integrated system is defined in terms of appropriate, selected, performance indicators of both subsystems. Both subsystems are connected and interact by a piping system. It is shown how the performance of the Integrated Urban Wastewater System is affected by various Sewer Network control scenarios: (1) only the Sewer Network outlet valve opening is controlled, (2) all the Sewer Network valves are controlled by a Model Predictive Control algorithm developed for minimizing the environmental impact of the subsystem and modified by constraining it in terms of Sewer Network outlet valve opening. More specific, it is proven that the Sewer Network outlet valve opening has an important role in the performances of the integrated system, and that already existing Sewer Network control strategies can be altered in such a way that they will enhance these performances.
A Quantitative Review of Un-licensed and Off-label Medicines Use in Children Aged 0-2 Years in the Private Sector in South Africa: Extent,
Challenges, and Implications
Authors: Mathevula Hlayiseka , Matlala Moliehi , Schellack Natalie , Orubu Samuel
Published: September 2024

Background:

The global lack of suitable formulations for children leads to off-label
and unlicensed medicine use, posing significant risks of adverse effects. Understanding this usage
on a national level can help guide interventions for better formulations. This study aimed to measure
the prevalence of off-label and unlicensed medicines among children in South Africa's private
sector.

Methods:

The study used a point prevalence methodology to review medicine use in children
aged 0-2 years enrolled in a selected pharmaceutical benefit management company in South Africa
from January to June 2022. A sample size of 1055 prescriptions was calculated using a 90%
confidence interval, 50% prevalence rate, and 5% error margin. A systematic random sampling approach
selected every seventh entry from 91,973 total entries, resulting in a final sample size of
13,139. Data included patient age, number and characteristics of medicines, quantity, and indications.
Descriptive statistics analysed and reported the prevalence of unlicensed and off-label
medicine use.

Results:

Among the 13,139 prescribed medicines, 40% (5,246) were off-label or unlicensed, and
60% (7,893) were on-label. Of the off-label/unlicensed medicines, 16.85% (2,214) were unlicensed,
and 23.08% (3,032) were off-label. Methylprednisolone was the top off-label medicine,
probiotics were the top unlicensed, and the ICD10 code Z76.9 was the top diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The study found that 40% of children aged 0-2 years were prescribed unlicensed or
off-label medicines in South Africa's private healthcare sector between January and June 2022.
This suggests a widespread practice of off-label or unlicensed prescriptions in paediatric treatment
in the South African private sector.

result:

The sample contained 13,139 prescribed medicines. 40% (5,246) were used off-label or unlicensed, while 60% (7,893) were used on-label. Of the off-label/unlicensed, 16.85% (2,214) were unlicensed and 23.08% (3,032) were used off-label. The most commonly used off-label medicines were methylprednisolone (4%), cetirizine syrup (3%), and fluticasone propionate spray (3%). The most commonly used unlicensed medicines were probiotics (10%), multivitamin syrup (7%), and Hedera helix (5.0%). Cough and cold preparations (18%) were the most commonly dispensed WHO ATC category, followed by corticosteroids and dermatological preparations (10%). Z76.9 is the most common diagnosis (ICD10 code) linked to the use of prescription drugs off-label and unlicensed.
Dihydro-Cucurbitacin-E; a Secondary Metabolite of Curvularia lunata's Biotransformation as a Promising cPLA-2 and sPLA-2 Inhibitor in B[a]P-Induced Lung Toxicity
Authors: Abd El-Mongy Mahmoud , Hussein Mohammed Abdalla , Embabi Fotna Magdy , Roshdy Tamer , Salah Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the most common cause of mortality, and its prevalence is rising quickly, making it a major global health concern. Numerous studies have indicated that benzo(a)pyrene [B[a]P] in cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung toxicity.

Objective

The study's goal was to apply Curvularia lunata NRRL 2178 in biotransformation cucurbitacin-E-glucoside to dihydro-cucurbitacin-E (DHCE). We characterized the isolated DHCE using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. We extended our study to evaluate the cancer activity of DHCE against A-549 cells in vitro, as well as its lung protective activity against B[a]P-induced lung toxicity.

Methods

We incubated Curvularia lunata NRRL 2178 with cucurbitacin-E-glucoside DHCE for 14 days. We isolated and characterized the obtained metabolite, DHCE, using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques. We also evaluated the IC50 of the isolated DHCE against A-549 cells. On the other hand, we conducted in vivo studies to assess its lung protective effect against B[a]P-induced toxicity in mice.

Results

The results of the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR experiments showed that the metabolite, DHCE, was found because it lacked two trans-olefinic protons (23 and 24) and the hydrogen atoms of the glucose moiety in the cucurbitacin-E-glucoside skeleton structure. The IC50 value of DHCE against A-549 cells is 38.87 µg/mL, respectively. The LD50 of DHCE was 930 mg/kg b.w. Giving DHCE (18.6 and 46.5 mg/kg b.w.) orally to mice that had been given B[a]P (20 mg/kg b.w.) every day for 30 days made their plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein-c (HDL-C) levels much better, as well as their lung reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, compared to mice that had been given B[a]P. On the other hand, oral administration of DHCE enhanced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as well as matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-12, in the lung of treated mice. On the other hand, administering DHCE to lung mice treated with B[a]P reduced the activity of crucial genes linked to lung inflammation, specifically cytosolic (cPLA2) and Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Furthermore, DHCE nearly normalized these effects in lung histoarchitecture.

Conclusion

The obtained biochemical, molecular biology, and histological results proved the lung protective activity of Curvularia lunata metabolite (DHCE) against B[a]P-induced lung toxicity in mice.
Mengendalikan penyakit tidak menular di Sleman Yogyakarta: studi kader pos pembinaan terpadu parikesit
Authors: Hidayana Alif Nur , Hendrastomo Grendi
Published: September 2024

Penelitian mengkaji peran sosial kader posbindu Parikesit dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit tidak menular di KapanewonKalasan. Dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara dengan perangkat desa, pimpinan dan anggota/kader posbindu dan warga masyarakat, kami mendokumentasikan program dan hambatan yang dilakukan dan dialami selama ini. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan peran sosial posbindu Parikerit dalam (i) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat, (ii) memberikan edukasi dan motivasikepada masyarakat dan (iii) mendampingi dna menfasilitasi warga mengindari penyakit tidak menular. Namun kader-kader posbindu juga menghadapi hambatan, seperti ((i) kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader, (ii) minimnya sumber dana, dan (iii) belum maksimalnyapemanfaatan posbindu oleh kelompok sasaran. Oleh karena itu, kader dituntut untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dan perlunya inovasi program/kegiatan mencegah dan mengedalikan  penyakit tidak menular di masyarakat.
Intensitas akses media digital dan partisipasi politik di Indonesia: data WVS7 2018
Authors: Bramasta Alvin Sandyka , Pierewan Adi Cilik
Published: September 2024

Pada era digital, perangkat teknologi digunakan sebagai kebutuhan informasi dari media digital. Setiap orang memiliki kontrol pemilihan informasi yang ingin konsumsi menggunakan media digital sehingga konsumsi informasi politik melalui media digital dapat memicu partisipasi politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data World Values Survey Gelombang 7 Indonesia 2018, yang jumlah respondennya sebanyak 3200 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan email dan internet signifikan secara langsung memengaruhi partisipasi politik responden. Hasil temuan uji regresi dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap partisipasi politik konvensional secara signifikan (nilai P: 0,000) dengan koefisien jalur 0,243, sedangkan pengaruh pada partisipasi non konvensional lebih signifikan (nilai P: 0,000) dengan koefisien jalur 0,355.
Strategi bertahan hidup petani subsisten pasca erupsi Gunung Semeru
Authors: Arifiyanti Jati , Nursafitri Dina
Published: September 2024

Penelitian mendeskripsikan strategi bertahan hidup petani subsisten pasca erupsi Gunung Semeru tahun 2021 di Relokasi Sumbermujur Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Para petani menghadapi permasalahan yang sangat kompleks karena perubahan ekosistem dan rusaknya fasilitas-fasilitas pendukung di wilayahanya. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara dan observasi bersama para petani subsisten, kajian mendokumentasikan berbagai strategi bertahan hidup yang mereka tempuh dalam beberapa waktu pasca bencana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing petani memiliki strategi yang berbeda-beda dalam strategi bertahan hidupnya. Pertama, petani melakukan strategi menghemat dengan mengurangi pengeluaran pada pangan dan memilih makanan yang mutunya lebih rendah. Kedua, petani melakukan alternatif subsisten dengan mencari pekerjaan sampingan agar dapat menambah penghasilan. Ketiga, petani memanfaatkan jaringan sosial dalam mencari pekerjaan, meminta bantuan dan memanfaatkan hubungan patron klien.The research describes the survival strategies of subsistence farmers after the eruption of Mount Semeru in 2021 in the Sumbermujur Lumajang Relocation, East Java. Farmers face very complex problems due to changes in the ecosystem and damage to supporting facilities in their area. Using qualitative methods through interviews and observations with subsistence farmers, the study documents the various survival strategies they adopted during the post-disaster period. The results of this research show that each farmer has a different strategy in their survival strategy. First, farmers implement a savings strategy by reducing spending on food and choosing food of lower quality. Second, farmers use alternative subsistence by looking for side jobs to increase their income. Third, farmers utilize social networks to find work, ask for help and utilize patron-client relationships.
Konstruksi sosial tradisi Pesta Baratan Yayasan Lembayung Jepara
Authors: Lestari Khilma Ayu , Astutik Dwi , Purwanto Danang
Published: September 2024

Penelitian mendeskripsikan konstruksi sosial tradisi Pesta Baratan di  Yayasan Lembayung,  Kalinyamatan, Jepara. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus berbasis teori Konstruksi Sosial dari Berger dan Luckman, Pesta Baratan yang merupakan tradisi lokal asli Jepara merupakan hasil konstruksi sosial dengan Yayasan Lembayung. Lembaga ini berperan dari mulai proses pembentukannya hingga pelestariannya. Momen Eksternalisasi dimulai dari adanya stock of knowledge tradisi baratan serta adanya penyesuaian dengan kondisi sosial kultural dan keagamaan masyarakat sekitar. Objektivasi terjadi ketika masyarakat dapat menerima Pesta Baratan sebagai realitas objektif melalui tahap habitualisasi dan legitimasi. Momen internalisasi terjadi ketika masyarakat memiliki pemaknaan baru terhadap Pesta Baratan. Yayasan Lembayung berperan penting di dalam tahap sosialisasi dan pelestarian Pesta Baratan di Jepara.The research describes the social construction of the Baratan Festival tradition at the Lembayung Foundation, Kalinyamatan, Jepara. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach based on Berger and Luckman's Social Construction theory, the Baratan Festival, which is a local tradition native to Jepara, is the result of social construction with the Lembayung Foundation. This institution plays a role from the process of its formation to its preservation. The moment of externalization starts with the stock of knowledge of western traditions and adjustments to the socio-cultural and religious conditions of the surrounding community. Objectivation occurs when society can accept the Baratan Party as an objective reality through the stages of habitualization and legitimation. The moment of internalization occurs when people have a new meaning for the Baratan Party. The Lembayung Foundation plays an important role in the socialization and preservation stages of the Baratan Festival in Jepara.
Makna tarian moshing penggemar musik underground
Authors: Prasojo Luqman Rohim , Hendrastomo Grendi
Published: September 2024

Penggemar musik underground – sebagai bentuk sub-kultur – merupakan komunitas yang membangun identitas sosial tertentu guna mempererat dan memperkuat ikatan internalnya. Upaya tersebut ditunjukkan dalam pemaknaan tarian Moshing yang dilakukan dalam pentas-pentas musiknya. Untuk mendalaminya, peneliti melakukan pengamatan berperanserta dan mewawancarai beberapa informan, yaitu para penggemar musik underground yang sering terlibat dan melakukan Moshing. Hasilnya, terdapat empat tema yang muncul sebagai makna yang dipahami oleh informan, antara lain moshing sebagai ruang ekspresi dan apresiasi, sebagai wadah penerimaan, penguat relasi dan pekerjaan, serta sebagai aktivitas olahraga. Selanjutnya, peneliti menemukan bahwa dalam memaknainya, terdapat makna lain yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai sebuah tujuan dalam keterlibatan informan atas tarian ini, yaitu: untuk melepaskan emosi dan ketegangan (katarsis), dan sebagai peneguh identitas.Underground music fans – as a form of subculture – are a community that builds a certain social identity to strengthen and tighten its internal bonds. This effort is shown in the meaning of the Moshing dance performed in its music performances. To explore this further, the researcher conducted participant observation and interviewed several informants, namely underground music fans who often engage in and perform Moshing. As a result, there were four themes that emerged as meanings understood by the informants, including: moshing as a space for expression and appreciation, as a place of acceptance, strengthening relationships and work, and as a sports activity. Furthermore, the researcher found that in interpreting it, there were other meanings that could be categorized as a goal in the informant's involvement in this dance, namely: to release emotions and tension (catharsis), and as an identity reinforcer.
Karakter, kepemimpinan dan kualitas guru: kajian kultur sekolah di Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih Indra Rahayu
Published: September 2024

Studi ini merupakan rangkuman kajian tentang perkembangan penelitian tentang kultur sekolah di Indonesia. Kultur sekolah dipahami sebagai serangkaian nilai, sistem hinga artifak materiil dan non-materiil yang membentuk penyelenggaraan pendidikan di lingkungan sekolah secara menyeluruh. Kualitas pendidikan sekolah ditentukan oleh kultur sekolah yang terbangun. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan menganalisis judul-judul penelitian tentang budaya sekolah dari tahun 2015 hingga 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian tentang budaya sekolah pada kurun waktu tersebut difokuskan pada empat aspek utama, yaitu: 1) budaya sekolah yang berkaitan dengan karakter dan perilaku siswa, 2) budaya sekolah yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan sekolah, 3) budaya sekolah yang berkaitan dengan kepemimpinan, dan 4) budaya sekolah yang berkaitan dengan kualitas guru.This study provides a summary of research on school culture development in Indonesia. School culture encompasses a range of values, systems, and material and non-material elements that influence the implementation of education in the school environment. The quality of school education is contingent on the established school culture. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach and examines research titles on school culture from 2015 to 2024. The findings reveal that research on school culture during this period primarily focused on four main aspects: 1) school culture associated with student character and behavior, 2) school culture linked to school policies, 3) school culture connected to leadership, and 4) school culture correlated with teacher quality.