bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTE E FILOSOFIA: PARA UMA CRÍTICA DOS IDEAIS ASCÉTICOS
Authors: Giacoia Jr. Oswaldo
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é articular o conceito de seriedade (Ernst) à crítica aos ideais ascéticos na filosofia madura de Nietzsche.
FILOSOFIA COMO “VISÃO DE MUNDO”: SOBRE A CRÍTICA À METAFÍSICA NO JOVEM NIETZSCHE, À LUZ DE SUA RELAÇÃO COM A FILOSOFIA SCHOPENHAUERIANA
Authors: De Paula Wander
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem por pretensão central discutir alguns aspectos fundamentais da crítica de Nietzsche à metafísica, já nas suas primeiras reflexões filosóficas. Para tanto, serão mobilizados alguns de seus principais argumentos contra o estabelecimento da vontade como coisa em si no pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer, e, por conseguinte, contra o próprio estatuto da metafísica nesta filosofia, de tal modo que se possa demonstrar as soluções encontradas pelo próprio autor a favor da possibilidade da metafísica. O artigo conta ainda, desse modo, poder contribuir para as discussões em torno da relação entre reflexões privadas e textos publicados do filósofo alemão, na medida em que defende a tese de que a partir de uma análise da crítica à metafísica em suas anotações pessoais se pode compreender os germes da mudança de postura em relação à mesma em seus textos publicados.
Secondary Sulcus-Fixed Foldable IOL Implantation with 25-G Infusion in Patients with Previous PPV after Open-Globe Injury
Authors: He Tiangeng , You Caiyun , Chen Song , Meng Xiangda , Liu Yuanyuan , Yan Hua
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of secondary sulcus-fixed foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation through a clear corneal incision with 25-G infusion in patients with previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) after open-globe injury, and to analyze postoperative outcomes and prognostic factors of treatment.

Methods

Clinical data of 89 eyes of 89 patients with open-globe injury who underwent secondary sulcus-fixed foldable IOL implantation through a clear corneal incision with 25-G infusion after vitrectomy in our hospital between January 2008 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The examinations before IOL implantation mainly included visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, direct and indirect ophthalmoscope, visual electrophysiology, corneal endothelium, B scan, ultrasound biomicroscope, and intraocular pressure. Five eyes underwent suturing of peripheral iris and 7 eyes underwent suturing of iris laceration simultaneously. The mean follow-up was 18 months with a range from 6 months to 8 years.

Results

The mean interval between secondary sulcus-fixed foldable IOL implantation and vitrectomy was 2.8 months with a range from 2 to 6 months. The uncorrected visual acuity improved in all patients with a well-centered IOL ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 with the best-corrected visual acuity from 0.1 to 1.0 after secondary IOL implantation. The postoperative complications mainly included mild anterior chamber exudates in 10 eyes (11%), temporary IOP elevation in 12 eyes (13%), and recurrent retinal detachment in 5 eyes (6%), which were subsequently managed by surgery.

Conclusions

The interval of 2.8 months between vitrectomy and secondary IOL implantation is an appropriate and safe option to correct aphakia in patients receiving vitrectomy for open-globe injury.
Infection in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Santiago Maria J. , López-Herce Jesús , Vierge Eva , Castillo Ana , Bustinza Amaya , Bellón Jose M. , Sánchez Amelia , Fernández Sarah
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) are frequently used in critically ill children and may increase the risk of infection. However, the incidence, characteristics and prognosis of infection in critically ill children on CRRT have not been studied.

Methods

Data from a prospective, single-center register of critically ill children treated with CRRT was analyzed.

Results

55 children (40% under 1 year of age) were treated with CRRT between June 2008 and January 2012; 43 patients (78.2%) presented 1 or more infections. The most common condition of patients requiring CRRT was heart disease (69%). Infection occurred a median of 11 days after the initiation of CRRT (IQ range: 4 to 21 days). A total of 21 patients (48.8 %) developed 1 infection, 7 (16.2%) developed 2 infections and 15 (34.9%) developed 3 or more infections. The most frequent infection was catheter-related bacteremia, with no differences in catheter location. CRRT duration longer than 4.5 days was the only risk factor for infection. Patients with infection had a longer length of stay (LOS) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) than patients without it (37.8 vs. 17.6, p = 0.019), but there were no differences in mortality (30.2% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.84).

Conclusions

Infection rate is high in critically ill children treated with CRRT. More than 4 days of CRRT increases the risk of infection. Infection in these patients entails a longer stay in the PICU but did not increase mortality.
Testing of a Novel Percutaneous Temporary Aortic Valve in a Rabbit Model of Acute Severe Aortic Regurgitation: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ho Paul C.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Device management of hemodynamic instability due to acute aortic regurgitation is not available. A novel, catheter-based, temporary aortic valve (TAV) has been in development. Early prototypes (balloon-based TAV) have undergone proof-of-concept studies in mathematical, bench and animal models. The redesigned membrane-based TAV prototype is evaluated in a rabbit model of acute severe aortic regurgitation.

Methods

Acute aortic regurgitation was simulated by deploying a self-expanding endovascular stent across the aortic annulus. Eight rabbits of body weights ranging 4.9–5.4 kg were randomly assigned to two groups: those received additional hemodynamic support with the TAV prototype immediately after aortic regurgitation was induced versus no TAV support. The survival times of the two groups were compared.

Results

Comparing the groups with TAV versus without TAV, the mean body weights were similar: 4.99 ± 0.06 vs. 5.10 ± 0.22 kg (p = 0.71). The mean stent sizes used to create acute aortic regurgitation were similar: 6.25 ± 0.50 vs. 6.75 ± 0.50 mm, respectively (p = 0.53). The mean survival times also did not differ significantly: 21.00 ± 15.41 vs. 8.25 ± 2.75 minutes, respectively (p = 0.45). A slight trend appeared to be in favor of longer survival in the TAV supported group.

Conclusions

In a rabbit model of acute massive aortic regurgitation, the use of the TAV support prototype did not hasten the animals’ death, but rather survival may be enhanced by the use of the device. Future studies specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of the TAV catheter can be valuable in this new technology.
Feed-Forward Control for Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Based on the Radial Basis Function Neural Network Model
Authors: Zhou Miaolei , Wang Yifan , Xu Rui , Zhang Qi , Zhu Dong
Published: May 2017

Hysteresis exists in magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) actuators, which restricts MSMA actuators’ application. To describe hysteresis of the MSMA actuators, a hysteresis model based on the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is put forward. Then, an inverse RBFNN model is set up, and it is compared with the inverse model based on the traditional cut-and-try method. Finally, to solve hysteresis of the actuators, an inverse model for MSMA actuators is used to build feed-forward controller. Simulation results show the maximum modeling error for inverse hysteresis model designed by neural network is 0.79% and compared with traditional cut-and-try method, the maximum modeling error decreases by 1.85%. The maximum tracking error rate of feed-forward control is 0.38%. The hysteresis of MSMA actuators is reduced. By using the feed-forward controller, high precision control is achieved.
Management of Male and Female Neurogenic Stress Urinary Incontinence in Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) Patients Using Adjustable Continence Therapy
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Manassero Alberto , Giammò Alessandro , Carone Roberto
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is an option for the treatment of neurogenic stress urinary incontinence (nSUI), but complications and re-operation rates are high, and there is no clear indication from guidelines ( 1 ). The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a less invasive continence device in neurogenic population: Adjustable Continence Therapy ProACT/ACT®.

Methods

We retrospectively includedpatients with spinal cord injuries in this study, complaining of nSUI and treated at our Institution with Pro-ACT/ACT® implantation. Diagnosis of nSUI was achieved with clinical history data collection and video-urodynamic testing.

Results

We treated 13 males and 3 females by proACT/ACT device, mean age 47.5 years (range 27-71). Fifteen implantations were performed bilaterally under spinal anesthesia and under fluoroscopic control; in one male patient, only the right balloon was implanted. Mean refilling number was 2.8 (range 0-6), and mean final volume was 3.6 ml. No patient reported any perioperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo. Follow-up was 37 months (range 7-156). Five patients (31%) underwent device explantation for deflate in one case, erosion or migration in three cases (18%), and infection in one case. About 43.75% of patients were dry and 18.75% improved more than 50% their urine loss, 37.5% of patients improved less than 50%, and no one reported worsening of incontinence.

Conclusions

Implantation of proACT/ACT® device is safe and a minimally invasive procedure also in neurological patients, with a relative low rate of intra and postoperative complications. Efficacy is good, although slightly lower than the results in non-neurological patients.
Developing trauma care education in low, middle-income countries: Sequential Trauma Education Programs, challenges, and lessons learned
Authors: El-Shinawi Mohamed , Mccunn Maureen , Sisley Amy C. , El-Setouhy Maged , Hirshon Jon Mark , Abbasy Mohamed E.
Published: May 2017

Background: As one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, human trauma and injury disproportionately affects individuals in developing countries. During initial program development, senior MOHP physicians stated there was a critical need for a portable and flexible educational course on the clinical care of injured patients. To meet the need for improved trauma care in Egypt, the Sequential Trauma Emergency/Education ProgramS (STEPS) course was created through the collaborative effort of Egyptian and US expert physicians. The objective of course development was to create a high-quality, modular, adaptable, and sustainable trauma care course that could be readily adopted by a lower- or middle-income country.

Methods: We describes the course development from 2006 to 2015, highlighting the challenges and solutions of creating a successful, flexible and sustainable in-country trauma care training program that suits low and middle-income countries.

Results: STEPS was developed at the University of Maryland, based in part on World Health Organization's Emergency and Trauma Care materials, and introduced to the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population and Ain Shams University in May 2006. The program is designed to adapt low cost and limited resources with maintaining high fidelity and unified standard. In 2008, the course transitioned completely to the leadership of Egyptian academic physicians. To date, more than 700 physicians from 8 countries have taken the course through the Ministry of Health and Population or public/governmental universities. For the first time the course will be held in Sudan on January 2016.

Conclusion: STEPS has rapidly become a desired trauma care training program proved by sustainability based on 7 years of course conduct. Success of this collaborative educational program is demonstrated by the numbers of physicians trained, and program continuance after transitioning to in-country leadership and trainers.
Emergency Medicine training in Egypt: Steps to success
Authors: Abbasy Mohamed E. , Alkahky Mohamed El-Shinawi Sherif
Published: May 2017

Background: Although Emergency Medicine has existed as a recognized specialty in Alexandria University since 1970 a recent shining as a highly competitive specialty since 2003 through an Egyptian Fellowship Training program granting a professional and not an academic degree. Emergency Medicine is still in its development phase as a practice. Five public universities are offering postgraduate degrees in Emergency Medicine. These degrees when obtained by trainees, in addition to a varying number of years of experience, enable doctors to climb up the medical hierarchical ladder, which begins with a resident post till Senior consultant one.

Methods: We describe the development of Emergency Medicine as a separate specialty in Egypt highlighting the history, challenges we faced, collaborations and recommendations for future improvement of Emergency Medicine training in Egypt.

Results: As of August 2015, there are five Emergency Medicine educational programs in Egypt, which are primarily based upon the British model of obtaining a masters or higher degree. The largest of these, the Egyptian Fellowship program, is supported by the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and is the country's most formalized and acknowledged training program. Currently, there are more than 300 specialists graduated with 32 registered consultants. However, the majority of the qualified graduated physicians capable of leading the field of Emergency Medicine had left Egypt due to financial, social and economic stresses.

Conclusion: Although, the fast developing field of Emergency Medicine, Egypt still need an urgent well-structured system supported by Ministry of Health and population. There needs to be creation of an Emergency Medicine committee by Egyptian board certified emergency physicians to monitor and improve the training and exams done by universities, and holding of regional conferences to enhance Emergency Medicine in Egypt and the Middle East region.
Use of Health Belief Model to assess risk perception and practices of camel farm owners in Doha about MERS-COV, 2015
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed M , Omer Sherif R , Elyamani Rowaida AA , Aabdien Mohamed H , Sharaf Mueen Q , El-Sayed Ahmed M , Farag Elmoubasher ABA , Alkubaisi Noora , Al-Hajri Mohammed M , Board Arab , Al-Romaihi Hamad E , Al-Thani Mohamed , Al-Marri Salih Ali , Selim Nagah A
Published: May 2017

MERS-COV is an emerging zoonotic disease primarily originated in Arabian Peninsula, where camel industry and trade are part of the local culture and economy. Camels were proposed to be the possible reservoir. A convenient sample of 78 camel owners were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to assess their risk perception and practices. All were males, mean age of 42.5 ± 12.7 years. Most of camel owners were Qatari (94.9%), working with camels for 10 years or more (85.8%). Most of the owners are aware about the disease (93.6%), mostly from T.V (75.6%). However, only 37% of them know that the disease can be transmitted from camel to human or from human to human. The majority of owners (79.5%) had low to moderate knowledge score regarding MERS-COV. More than half of them had low perceived susceptibility to catch the disease. Perceived reasons for susceptibility were being in close contact with camels (82.2%) or exposure to camel products (76.7%). The majority (74%) feel to be protected from the disease, mostly because their farms are clean (78.1) or due to long history of working with camels without catching disease (69.9%). More than half of owners (54.8%) had high perceived severity score, and thought it can lead to hospitalization (86.3%) or death (69.9%). The most perceived protective measures were washing hands with soap and water (84.9%) and keeping away from sick people (78.1%). The most perceived barriers to using protective measures were being unavailable (56.2%), or unpractical (43.8%). Sixty percent of owners have high self -efficacy score, however, very low percentages were using protective measures (4–12%). Health education sessions should be conducted to camel owners in Qatar to increase their awareness and risk perception about MERS-COV.
High prevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection among pregnant women and their blood donors District Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan 2014
Authors: Ghanghro Akbar Ali , Ghanghro Lubna
Published: May 2017

Background: Reports on burden of hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus (HCV/HBV) are a big challenge for district to minimize the transmission of associated risk factors. Study was conducted to know the prevalence of HCV/HBV infection in pregnant women and their blood donors attended a surgical referral clinic for cesarean delivery.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of HCV/HBV infection among pregnant women and their blood donors.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study (record review) of all pregnant women and their blood donors (family members) was conducted from 10th to 15th February 2015 at a private surgical clinic in district Naushahro Feroze. Data from 1st January to 31st December 2014 gathered on results of blood screening used by ELISA test.

Results: Of 175 women aged 15–52 years, 13% (n = 22) tested positive (13 HCV; 9 HBV) besides these a total of 656 blood donors aged 16–40 years reported for blood donations and were 22% (n = 145) tested positive (80 HCV; 65 HBV). The highest positivity rate was seen in women aged 25 years or less (26%) compared with those aged above 25 years (9%) OR = 3.02 (95% CI 1.03 to 9.98). Statistically significant difference was identified between ages of donors who were aged below 25 years were high positivity rate (30%) compared to above 25 years positive for hepatitis infection (24%) OR = 1.15. 02 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.34).

Conclusions: One in eight pregnant women attending surgical clinic for cesarean delivery and one in five blood donors who came to attend for bleed has evidence of HCV/HBV infection. These HCV/HBV positive mothers may be at increased risk of transmitting HCV/HBV infection to their unborn babies. We suggest that all pregnant women attending 1st antenatal care be tested for HCV/HBV infection; exposed babies need to receive HBV vaccines at birth. Further molecular studies on risk factors needed in these settings.
Socialismo popular. Una propuesta socialista desde el tercer mundo
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 131, 2012: 23-44
De la guerra revolucionaria a la revolución democrática. El FMLN en El Salvador
Authors: Martín Álvarez Alberto
Published: May 2017

En el presente trabajo, se reconstruye la historia del FMLN, a partir del surgimiento de las organizaciones político-militares en la décadade 1970, que le darían origen en la década siguiente. El documento da cuenta de la transformación del frente guerrillero a partido político y haceun balance del legado social y político de la que fuera descrita como una de las guerrillas más exitosas en América Latina.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132, 2012: 143-192
Dagoberto Gutiérrez: “El trabajo universitario ha de recuperar el sentido crítico, ha de recuperar la humanidad para los seres humanos”
Authors: Martínez Evelyn
Published: May 2017

Entrevista a Dagoberto Gutiérrez, vicerector de la Universidad Luterana Salvadoreña (ULS). Conversamos sobre la situación actual de la educación en el contexto mundial de crisis, y sobre los desafíos de las universidades ante los problemas actuales.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132. 2012: 267-271
¿Anglosajón o romano?
Authors: Miller Katherine
Published: May 2017

Cuando estaba en sus últimos momentos el Imperio Romano, existió la enorme figura de Boecio (Anicius Manlius Severenus Boethius (480-525) quien tomó como su proyecto la traducción de los textos clásicos desde el griego al latín con la intención de iluminar y unificar a la Cristiandad (Europa Occidental). Es que Boecio era bilingüe en Griego y Latín y no había mucha gente con esta habilidad de traducir: traslatio-ionis en Latín, que significa mover ideas física e intelectualmente de una cultura a otra.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132, 2012: 315-339
Pensamiento crítico en economía
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 133, 2012: 349-354
Comentario. Los procesos electorales en Centroamérica: notas sobre un estudio de casos
Authors: Monterrosa Gerardo
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 133, 2012: 499-506
Los asocios público-privados y su alcance en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 134, 2012: 513-518
Los retos actuales de la izquierda en Centroamérica: ensayo a partir de la obra de Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Authors: Hernández Pico Juan
Published: May 2017

A historically renewed theory makes possible the correct praxis. A new paradigm is rising: a sensitive knowledge for a decent life. Emancipating knowledge rather than regulatory. Delineate new spaces of power. Provoke the unconformity of the living and the victim as a force for social transformation. A renewed praxis: contact with the poor; austere life; antipatriarchal project; justice, freedom and responsibility; generational relay; combat against divisiveness; secular state and religious people; market and state; Latin American integration; a criticism of violence; overcoming poverty without capitalist spirit.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.139, 2013: 13-50
El Salvador entre 1969 y 1999: dialéctica de tres décadas históricas
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: May 2017

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.139, 2013: 71-91
The Animal That Therefore I am
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that what counts in philosophy as in theology is the question of essence, and not simply the physiological species, as in biology. That humans are of the animal species tells us in reality nothing about their features, nor their nature and destiny. At most it tells us about an origin that we would certainly be wrong to forget. On the other hand, animality in humankind reminds us of a tie, or link, and necessitates that we give it metaphysical meaning. To do this we have to explore the deepest levels of our Chaos, of our passions and drives—something that certain philosophical approaches, particularly that of phenomenology, have wrongly put on one side, by dint of wanting to signify too much. There is nothing in reality telling us that we must definitively leave this animality behind or get rid of it, precisely because we are constituted by it. But also, nothing stops us from thinking that it is on the basis of this animality that we are given to see and to think our humanity, and that our bodies themselves are, if not the actual proof of this, at least the sign of it.
Lovecidal
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This book offers a lyrical, philosophical meditation on the global state of endless war and the violence inflicted by the imperial need to claim victory. It discusses the rise of the police state as linked, for example, to U.S. military intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, or to China's occupation of Tibet, examining legacies of earlier campaigns and the residual effects of the war on terror. The book also takes up the shifting dynamics of peoples' resistance to acts of militarism and surveillance as well as social media and its capacity to inform and mobilize citizens around the world. At once an engaging treatise and a creative gesture, the book probes the physical and psychic conditions of the world and shows us a society that is profoundly heartsick. Taking up with those who march both as and for the oppressed—who walk with the disappeared to help carry them forward—the text engages the spiritual and affective dimensions of a civilization organized around the rubrics of nonstop governmental subjugation, economic austerity, and highly technologized military conflict. In doing so, it clears a path for us to walk upon. Along with our every step, the world of the disappeared lives on.
Between victor and victor
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter posits similarities between the two warring factions—primarily focusing on the United States and Iraq, although it does include discussions of other nations and factions that the United States has had to contend with throughout history. Rather than the commonly held assumption that there is only the victor and the defeated, this chapter argues that both sides can be considered “victors,” and that such perspectives are even encouraged by media coverage. Moreover, the methods with which both sides use to make war with the other and obtain victory are likewise similar. The chapter concludes by showing how the delusion of the two victors only serves to benefit the cause of war.
This sky which is not blue
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the portentous implications of a sky that is not blue. More than mere metaphor, the chapter indicates atmospheric and geographical phenomenon which can be attributed to the sky's more grayish hue. It illustrates a different kind of violence—a natural disaster that might not be, after all, quite natural, as even these disasters have come to displace individuals—to turn people into “refugees.” Yet, despite this seeming prelude to destruction and the bleak future imminent in a violence-wracked world, the chapter invites the reader to cast aside cynicism and indifference in order to make a difference and to take one's destiny in hand.
Everything Counts (Frankenstein)
Authors: Stout Daniel M.
Published: May 2017

The epilogue reads Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as a novel centered around the paradoxical relationship between scientific or materialist accounts of causality and the causal calculations of justice. For if science—like justice—means nothing but understanding the chain of events that led to a given state of affairs, Victor Frankenstein’s understanding of the natural world as an essentially infinite set of interlinked causes makes the assignment of responsibility to any particular entity seem like a nonstarter. The novel, on this view, is not, as we’ve often said, a morality tale about science taken beyond prescribed limits but about the unlimited—and therefore meaningless—nature of scientific causality. The chapter argues that the novel thus operates as a prescient diagnosis of both the materialist science of its own moment and the currency of materialist perspectives (such as in posthumanism and a growing interest in systems-level change—e.g. climate change) in our own.
The Retreats of Reconstruction
Authors: Goldberg David E.
Published: May 2017

This study examines how the history of de facto segregation at the New Jersey shore—as both a policy and an idea—was connected to competing ideas about the rights of consumers and the economic and environmental health of consumer districts. Weaving together histories of race, leisure, and consumption, this book argues that the various consumer ideologies that emerged in battles over segregation proved every bit as powerful in limiting the scope of civil rights activism as free labor ideology and white supremacy did. While African Americans used the claim of consumer rights and public health to contest Jim Crow, defend black-owned leisure districts, and push for environmental protections, white northerners ultimately blocked claims to integrated leisure by adopting a producer driven vision of mass consumption that separated the right to consume from the right to integration. Beginning in the 1890s, local business leaders justified segregated leisure by disguising talk of race with a capitalist vocabulary of consumer choice, commercial development, and greater prosperity. Likewise, the African-American business class increasingly adopted the position that protecting their right to consume and securing environmental protections in black-owned leisure spaces was more important than fighting for integrated leisure. By the 1920s, these decisions helped popularize the political culture of “separate but equal” and drove civil rights activists away from strategies of protest and confrontation to those that favored political compromise and economic self-defense.
Introduction
Authors: Goldberg David E.
Published: May 2017

On July 23, 1893, an editorial in the Philadelphia Inquirer asked frustrated business owners and tourist promoters of Atlantic City “What are we going to do with our colored people?” Noting that “never before” had the resort community seemed “so overrun with the dark skinned race as this season,” Atlantic City and other popular northern resort destinations struggled throughout the Reconstruction era to contain the recreational activities and consumer demands of black pleasure seekers. As these struggles reveal, contests over segregation were not restricted to former plantation districts, northern legislatures, the workplace, or public transportation systems. In the late nineteenth century, the popularity of the New Jersey shore coincided with growing concerns over civil rights. On beaches and boardwalks, and inside amusement venues and hotel dining halls, African Americans’ claims for integrated leisure were imbedded in political debates over the meaning of race and the rights and health of consumers....
Aesthetics among the Metaphysical Ruins
Authors: Dickinson Colby
Published: May 2017

The second chapter attends more directly to the legacy of Celan’s poetry as his work is critiqued and appropriated by both Derrida and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe—two thinkers whose studies of Celan have become essential reading for comprehending the nature of his poetics. The chapter disentangles their uses of Celan in order to locate a hope for new subjectivities in the face of the repeated failures of language and artistic representations alike. The concept of “failure” moves to the center stage of this book and assists us in comprehending why our failures to genuinely represent anything (e.g., ourselves, others, the divine) may be the only possible way that we can convey an authentic presence. At the same time, this insight also begins to reformulate the terms upon which we have traditionally understood religious thought and identity. At this point, the work of the American poet Adrienne Rich is engaged in order to somewhat illuminate the directions in which poetry and faith might possibly be headed as they also intersect and interweave with one another, the very coordinates of the “theo-poetic” that has gained so much currency as of late.
Behind the Scenes and Inside Out: Elizabeth Keckly’s Use of the Slave Narrative Form
Authors: Neary Janet
Published: May 2017

Advancing a formal reading of Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (1868), this chapter shows how Elizabeth Keckly undermines the ideological presumptions that link blackness with enslavement and whiteness with literacy and truth by inverting the racial protocols underlying slave narratives’ conventions of authentication. In Behind the Scenes it is Keckly’s letters that authenticate Mary Lincoln’s version of events, Tad Lincoln’s reading lesson which is included in place of her own, and the narrative gaze is primarily on the white bodies within the text as they take shape in her vocation, dress-making. In overturning these race rituals, which rely on fixed notions of “black” and “white,” Keckly challenges the racial protocols of the slave narrative and exposes how the form itself has been organized by the visual logic of racial slavery.
Existence, Experience, and Transcendence
Authors: Moore Ian Alexander , Schrift Alan D.
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers an overview of Jean Wahl’s life, career, works, and influence on developments in twentieth-century French philosophy. Specific attention is paid to his introduction of Hegel and Kierkegaard into France, as well as his work on Nietzsche and Heidegger. Also discussed is his influence on Levinas and Deleuze, his relations with Bataille and Sartre, and his poetry and discussions of art and literature.
Nietzsche and the Death of God
Authors: Wahl Jean
Published: May 2017

In this short discussion of Karl Jaspers’s 1936 work Nietzsche: An Introduction to his Philosophical Activity, Wahl joins the other contributors to the second volume of the journal Acéphale, organized by George Bataille as a counter to the fascist reading of Nietzsche. Highlighting Jaspers’s claim that Nietzsche’s is a philosophy of pure immanence, Wahl questions whether there might remain a will to transcendence that grounds Nietzsche’s will to immanence.
The Decolonial Abyss
Authors: Yountae An
Published: May 2017

This book probes the ethico-political possibility harbored in the Western philosophical and theological thought for addressing the collective experience of suffering, socio-political trauma, and colonial violence. To this end, it rethinks the mystical figure of the abyss in philosophical and theological literature by rethinking its meaning from a wider, socio-political perspective. Theologically, the abyss denotes the blurring of boundaries between creaturely finitude and divine potency as reflected in the writings of certain Neoplatonic and medieval mystics. The book carves the channel of a constructive conversation by examining the ethico-political meaning of the abyss as the book locates its trace within the trajectory of continental philosophy by way of Schelling and Hegel. With the end of exploring an emergent socio-political meaning of the abyss beyond the Eurocentric vision, it further extends the conversation to the twentieth-century Afro-Caribbean decolonial thinkers who employ the trope of the abyss in order to articulate the historical/political trauma. By reading the abyss as an all-pervading ontological groundlessness of being that involves an insurmountable material and political devastation, this book re-invents a new idiom for articulating the ethico-political possibility that the mystical thought opens up for the historically marginalized communities.
The Dialectical Abyss
Authors: Yountae An
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines explicitly the ethico-philosophical meaning of the abyss by locating its trace in German idealism and Hegel. Jakob Bohme’s elaboration of the abyss as Ungrund (groundlessness) and Schelling’s appropriation of it paves the way for the transition from mysticism to dialectic through Hegel. A close reading of Hegel demonstrates that while the trace of the abyss is underdeveloped in Hegel, it nevertheless structures his dialectical system. The abyss signals the moment or movement of passage from the negative to the positive, through which the shattered self transforms its eroded ground into the condition of a new possibility. The terms of such reconstruction or passage are interrogated by engaging both Judith Butler’s feminist and Slavoj Zizek’s materialist readings of Hegel.
Levinas and the Night of Being
Authors: Moati Raoul , Benoist Jocelyn
Published: May 2017

Can we truly claim that metaphysics is over? That we are living, as the post-phenomenological trend claims, in the epoch of the “end of metaphysics”? Through a close reading of Levinas’s masterpiece, Totality and Infinity, Raoul Moati tries to show that things are in fact much more complicated. Contrary to a certain common understanding of Levinas’s work, Totality and Infinity proposes not so much an alternative to Heidegger’s ontology, but a deeper elucidation of the meaning of “Being,” beyond Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. For this reason, the metaphor of the night becomes crucial to the exploration of a nocturnal face of the events of Being, beyond their ontological reduction to the understanding of Being. The deployment of being beyond its intentional or ontological reduction coincides with what Levinas calls “nocturnal events.” Insofar as the light of understanding hides them, it is only through the de-formalization of the traditional phenomenological approach of phenomena, that Levinas, Moati shows, leads us to their exploration and their systematic and mutual implications. Moati then elaborates, following Levinas, the possibility of what he calls a “metaphysics of society,” which cannot, in any way, be integrated into the deconstructive grasp of the so-called “metaphysics of presence.” In that sense, Moati’s philosophical inquiry constitutes an impressive meditation on the meaning and the possibility of a revival of metaphysics after the epoch of the “end of metaphysics.”
The Sensible Depth of Being
Authors: Moati Raoul , Wyche Daniel
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 is devoted to an exhaustive description of the modalities of separation, understood as sensible enjoyment and happiness, and argues that the sensible precedes representation.
Citizen Subject
Authors: Balibar Étienne , Apter Emily
Published: May 2017

What can the universals of political philosophy offer to those who experience “the living paradox of an inegalitarian construction of egalitarian citizenship”? This title considers the necessary and necessarily antagonistic relation between the categories of citizen and subject. In this book, the question of modernity is framed anew with special attention to the self-enunciation of the subject (in Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Derrida), the constitution of the community as “we” (in Hegel, Marx, and Tolstoy), and the aporia of the judgment of self and others (in Foucault, Freud, Kelsen, and Blanchot). After the “humanist controversy” that preoccupied twentieth-century philosophy, the book proposes foundations for philosophical anthropology today, in terms of two contrary movements: the becoming-citizen of the subject and the becoming-subject of the citizen. The citizen-subject who is constituted in the claim to a “right to have rights” (Arendt) cannot exist without an underside that contests and defies it. He—or she, because the text is concerned throughout this volume with questions of sexual difference—figures not only the social relation but also the discontent or the uneasiness at the heart of this relation. The human can be instituted only if it betrays itself by upholding “anthropological differences” that impose normality and identity as conditions of belonging to the community. The violence of “civil” bourgeois universality, the text argues, is greater (and less legitimate, therefore less stable) than that of theological or cosmological universality. Right is thus founded on insubordination, and emancipation derives its force from otherness.
Men, Armies, Peoples: Tolstoy and the Subject of War
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes the Clausewitzian concept of war as reflected in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, which first appeared in five installments from 1865 to 1869. It is universally considered one of the masterpieces of world literature, not only because Tolstoy used elements from Clausewitz in preparation for writing the novel, but more specifically because the narrative echoes one of Clausewitz's most famous theses: that which concerns the “strategic superiority of defense over offense.” Tolstoy's new interpretation of this thesis goes back, in a certain sense, to the “source” of its elaboration in order to draw new philosophical consequences from it.
Blanchot’s Insubordination: On the Writing of the Manifesto of the 121
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes the encounter between the radicality of the Manifesto of the 121 and the specific radicality of Blanchot's own thinking and writing. First, the chapter adheres to the letter of the manifesto and discusses the implications of its key words and expressions. It then examines the intersection between the idea of a “declared right to insubordination” and other of Blanchot's formulations that refer to the idea of a refusal or negativity that under certain circumstances might be carried to extremes. Finally, this chapter outlines two concurrent hypotheses that can be formed with respect to the idea of a “foundation without foundation” of the law, which is evidenced precisely by the need for civil insubordination or disobedience.
Heidegger, Philosophy, and Politics
Authors: Derrida Jacques , Gadamer Hans-Georg , Lacoue-Labarthe Philippe , Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: May 2017

In February of 1988, philosophers Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jacques Derrida, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe came together in Heidelberg before a large audience to discuss the philosophical and political implications of Martin Heidegger’s thought. This event took place in the very amphitheater in which, more than fifty years earlier, Heidegger, as Rector of the University of Freiburg and a member of the Nazi Party, had given a speech entitled “The University in the New Reich.” Heidegger’s involvement in Nazism has always been, and will remain, an indelible scandal, but what is its real relation to his work and thought? And what are the responsibilities of those who read this work, who analyze and elaborate this thought? Conversely, what is at stake in the wholesale dismissal of this important but compromised twentieth-century philosopher? In 1988, in the wake of the publication of Victor Farias’s Heidegger and Nazism, and of the heated debates that ensued, these questions had become more pressing than ever. The reflections presented by three of the most prominent of Heidegger’s readers, improvised in French and transcribed here, were an attempt to approach these questions before a broad public, but with a depth of knowledge and a complex sense of the questions at issue that were often lacking in the press at the time.
Introduction. The Summa’s Origins: Three Fables and a Candid Counterproposal
Authors: Jordan Mark D.
Published: May 2017

This introduction considers the origins of the Summa theologiae from three different directions. First, it interprets the work’s prologue in terms of what is known of Thomas’s teaching activity at the time when he began it. Second, the chapter situates the Summa in the sequence of Thomas’s experiments with genres for writing large-scale works of theology. Third, it considers the elements out of which Thomas chose to compose the Summa—and especially the article as an abbreviation of the disputed question. The chapter concludes by proposing that a contemporary reader might respond best to the implications in these origins by beginning to read with the Summa’s last part.
Seeing Gospel Stories
Authors: Jordan Mark D.
Published: May 2017

The only extended narrative in Thomas Aquinas’s Summa theologiae comes in Part 3 when he combines the Gospel narratives about the life of Jesus. He tests all the main features or episodes of the story to see what they show about God’s manifestation humankind. So, for example, he analyzes Gabriel’s annunciation to the Virgin Mary as a specimen of Ciceronian rhetoric. He stresses the play of showing and hiddenness in Christ’s transfiguration. He justifies the severity of Christ’s passion as teaching for hardened human hearts.
Sacramental Bodies
Authors: Jordan Mark D.
Published: May 2017

In Thomas Aquinas’s Summa, the sacraments appear as extensions to Christ’s embodied teaching. While they are both signs and causes, they are principally events or scenes of instruction. The grace they confer joins the recipient to a community or body that spans moral history. This is the point of the teaching on the sacramental character that results from baptism and other sacraments.
All Ears
Authors: Szendy Peter
Published: May 2017

The world of international politics has been recently rocked by a seemingly endless series of scandals that are all tied to various practices of auditory surveillance: the NSA’s warrantless wiretapping, Edward Snowden’s revelations, and the “News of the World” scandal are just the most sensational examples of what appears to be a universal practice today. What is the source of this unceasing battle of different forms of listening? Whence this generalized principle of eavesdropping? Peter Szendy’s All Ears: The Aesthetics of Espionage answers these questions by tracing the long history of moles from the Bible, through Jeremy Bentham’s “panacoustic” project, all the way to the intelligence gathering network called “Echelon.” This archeology of auditory surveillance runs parallel with the analysis of its representations in literature (Sophocles, Shakespeare, Joyce, Kafka, Borges), opera (Monteverdi, Mozart, Berg), and film (Lang, Hitchcock, Coppola, De Palma). Following in the footsteps of Orpheus, the book proposes a new concept of “overhearing” that connects the act of spying to an excessive intensification of listening. Relying on the works of Freud, Deleuze, Foucault, Adorno, and Derrida, Szendy’s work attempts to locate at the heart of listening the ear of the Other that manifests itself as the originary division of a “split-hearing” that turns the drive for mastery and surveillance into the death drive.
Tongues
Authors: Crawley Ashon T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses a distinction within theological studies between xenolalia and glossolalia. The distinction is important to consider because one—xenolalia—operates through settler colonial logics, discarding the noise of the Other. Written in the service of privileging glossolalia, the chapter explicates how the university—a space of pedagogy—needs to radically reorient itself in terms of relations to objects of knowledge.
Coda
Authors: Crawley Ashon T.
Published: May 2017

A conclusion to Blackpentecostal Breath, the writing therein serves to open the way to otherwise projects. This chapter is about the Hammond B-3 organ, the technology and its usage in the institutional Black Church. Nothingness, and its relation to blackness, is analysed in this chapter.
“Only Goodness Matters”
Authors: Farley Wendy
Published: May 2017

In conversation with the essays by Jeffery Long and Klaus von Stosch, Wendy Farley interrogates theology itself as a source of evil. This essay argues that defense of free will as the basis of theodicy obscures the arbitrary and bound nature of human agency. The distortion of free will is a question theodicy might address rather than its answer. The predominance of the sovereignty motif in images of the divine also contributes to the problem of evil by sacralizing structures of domination. The essay concludes by drawing on Hindu, Muslim, and Christian views of goodness—human and divine—as a theological and practical antidote to evil.
The Way(s) of Salvation
Authors: Ralston Joshua
Published: May 2017

Joshua Ralston observes that the Christian tendency to place law in an oppositional relationship to love, grace, and/or the gospel has had unfortunate byproducts. It denigrates Judaism and Islam and misconstrues their conceptions of the Compassionate One who gives Torah and/or shari‘a for the sake of human flourishing. Thinking beyond such divisions, this essay explores points of convergence and divergence in the thinking of the Protestant reformer John Calvin and the Islamic jurist, mystic, and reformer al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali’s understanding of shari‘a as a pathway to the common good that is willed by the Compassionate and Merciful One resonates with Calvin’s third use of the law. Together, these revise the adversarial renderings of law in Calvin’s first and second uses. Christian theology might therefore embrace an understanding of gospel and law—or, better, the way or shari’a of God—that focuses on the path to flourishing.