bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jovanovic Zorica
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Recent research into mechanisms of neurodegeneration in
Alzheimer?s disease has lead to a dramatic increase in our understanding of
the mechanisms of cell death and neuroprotection. Alzheimer?s disease is a
complex disease with multiple etiological factors involved in disease
pathogenesis. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer?s
disease. Amyloid-? peptide toxicity is mediated at least in part by oxidative
stress. Amyloid-? peptide directly generates reactive oxygen species in the
presence of redox-active metal ions. In Alzheimer?s disease, oxidative stress
is present early in pathogenesis and contributes to disease pathogenesis.
Unlike other organs, the brain is especially vulnerable to reactive oxygen
species due to neurons having relatively low levels of endogenous
antioxidants. Overly abundant oxygen radicals cause the destruction of
cellular macromolecules and participate in signaling mechanisms that result
in apoptotic cell death. Microglial activation and nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in Alzheimer?s disease. There is a wealth of
evidence demonstrating that microglia, the resident innate immune cells in
the brain, can become deleterious and damage neurons. Microglial activation
causes neuron damage through the production of neurotoxic factors, such as
reactive oxygen species and cytokines that are toxic to neurons. The neuron
also has strong homeostatic mechanisms that can delay or prevent activation
of apoptosis and necrosis. Insulin resistance and Alzheimer?s disease.
Insulin plays a role in Alzheimer?s disease, as it is involved in the
metabolism of ?-amyloid. Hyperinsulinemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus
results in an increased risk of developing Alzheimer?s disease, but its
implications when the disease is already well established remain unknown.
Treatment of central insulin resistance may be a promising avenue, not only
in metabolic syndrom, but also in Alzheimer?s disease. Conclusion. Increasing
evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction,
microglial activation and insulin resistance in pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer?s disease.
Postoperative visual recovery following surgical treatment of suprasellar meningiomas
Authors: Grkovic Desanka , Bedov Tatjana , Canadanovic Vladimir , Babic Nikola , Barisic Sava
Published: July 2012

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- and
postoperative visual acuity in patients with meningioma in the area of optic
chiasm. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 43 patients
with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm, who had been found to have
impaired visual function according to anamnestic data and
neuro-ophthalmologic examination which excluded the presence of any other eye
diseases. The visual status was analyzed both preoperatively and
postoperatively, i.e. 10 days, one month and six months after surgery.
Results. An improvement in visual acuity was recorded in 50% of the examined
eyes (68.42% of patients), the most expressed changes being in terms of
higher number of the eyes with normalized visual acuity and lower number of
the eyes with severely reduced visual acuity after surgery. These changes
were particularly prominent immediately after surgery, during the first ten
days. Conclusion. The recovery of visual acuity after decompression in the
area of optic chiasm is possible in cases where mechanical pressure on the
nerve fibres and resulting fibre ischemia have not lasted long enough to lead
to their irreversible damage.
Radiation-induced lung damage: Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings and treatment
Authors: Vasic Ljiljana , Djurdjevic Predrag
Published: July 2012

Introduction. This review is related to the mechanism of development of
radiation induced pneumonitis, its pathological, clinical and radiological
features and therapy. The team treating cancer patients consists of radiation
oncologists and oncologists, as well as general practitioners, pulmologists
and radiologists for monitoring effects of therapy. Therefore, a different
number of specialists should be familiar with the importance of diagnosis in
order to avoid differential diagnostic error in relation to infection,
relapse or metastasis, chemotherapeutic adverse effects. Lung damage by
ionizing radiation. Factors that influence the development of radiation
pneumonitis are numerous: (1) the volume of irradiated parenchyma (2) the
absorbed dose, (3) the number of fractions which divided the absorbed dose,
(4) the size of individual doses per fraction, (5) radiation dose rate (the
radiotherapy output device). Acute radioneumonitis is characterized by
dyspnea, cough, and, rarely, fever and chest pain. The timely treatment of
the symptoms makes it easier for patients and reduces the likelihood of
developing pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis of radiation pneumonitis. There are
no specific markers in serum or sputum that would definitely indicate the
development of acute pneumonitis. Changes in lung radiography and computed
tomography may suggest its development; however, extra diagnostics
information sometime needs to be obtained from magnetic resonance images and
positron emission tomography to make diagnosis and choose the treatment.
Conclusion. The longer survival results from new modalities of treatment
applied in cancer patients, and the prevention of adverse effects of
radiation therapy is getting more important since longlasting toxicity
affects the life quality.
Factors given by birth and oxygenotherapy in relation to development of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Olujic Maja , Oros Ana , Bregun-Doronjski Alekandra , Velisavljev-Filipovic Gordana
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease of the eye which
affects the blood vessels of the retina and represents the most important
cause of blindness and low vision in children worldwide. There are many risk
factors given by birth and parameters of general health status that may
influence this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the
significance of the factors given by birth and use of oxygen in relation to
the development of premature retinopathy. Material and Methods. A
two-year-long prospective study was done at the Institute for Child and Youth
Health Care of Vojvodina. In this study the following parameters were
examined: weight, gestational age as a factor given by birth and parameters
of oxygenotherapy - the number of days on oxygenotherapy and the number of
days of mechanical ventilation. The findings on the eye fundus were also
taken into consideration. Results. The test results suggest that the
gestational age is the most important factor given by birth which determines
the possibility of development of premature retinopathy. Conclusion. In fact,
the most important risk factor for the development of premature retinopathy
is premature birth.
Functional and Aesthetic Guidelines for Stress-Reduced Direct Posterior Composite Restorations
Authors: Deliperi S
Published: July 2012

Amalgam has been used in the restoration of structurally compromised posterior teeth for many years. When placing large amalgam restorations, replacement of weak cusps with restorative material is recommended to prevent tooth fracture. This recommendation can be modified with new guidelines using modern adhesive techniques. Semidirect and indirect inlay/onlay composite restorations have progressively replaced amalgam restorations over the past 20 years. Lately, single visit direct resin-bonded composite (RBC) restorations have also been used as a viable alternative to conventional indirect restorations. This paper is intended to introduce a step-by-step protocol for the direct restoration of structurally compromised posterior teeth using RBCs with stress-reducing protocols.
The Local Pharmacokinetics of 3H-Ropivacaine and 14C-Lidocaine After Maxillary Infiltration Anesthesia in Rats
Authors: Kimi Hiromi , Yamashiro Mikiko , Hashimoto Shuichi
Published: July 2012

The effects of infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine on the dental pulp are considered to be weak. This may be partly associated with its permeation into the oral tissue. With the objective of investigating the local pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and lidocaine following infiltration anesthesia, we injected 3H-ropivacaine or 14C-lidocaine to the palatal mucosa in rats, measured distributions of radioactivity in the maxilla, and compared the local pharmacokinetics of these agents. The animals were sacrificed at various times and the maxillas were removed. The palatal mucosa and maxillary nerve were resected, and the bone was divided into 6 portions. We measured radioactivity in each tissue and calculated the level of each local anesthetic (n  =  8). Lidocaine diffused to the surrounding tissue immediately after the injection, whereas ropivacaine tended to remain in the palatal mucosa for a longer period. Lidocaine showed a higher affinity for the maxillary bone than ropivacaine. There was a correlation between the distribution level of local anesthetics in the maxillary bone and that in the maxillary nerve. The lower-level effects of infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine on the dental pulp may be because ropivacaine has a high affinity for soft tissue, and its transfer to bone is slight.
On Galilean connections and the first jet bundle
Authors: Grant James , Lackey Bradley
Published: July 2012

We see how the first jet bundle of curves into affine space can be realized as a homogeneous space of the Galilean group. Cartan connections with this model are precisely the geometric structure of second-order ordinary differential equations under time-preserving transformations — sometimes called KCC-theory. With certain regularity conditions, we show that any such Cartan connection induces “laboratory” coordinate systems, and the geodesic equations in this coordinates form a system of second-order ordinary differential equations. We then show the converse — the “fundamental theorem” — that given such a coordinate system, and a system of second order ordinary differential equations, there exists regular Cartan connections yielding these, and such connections are completely determined by their torsion.
Finite Element Model Updating of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Honeycomb Damage
Authors: Ismail Z.
Published: July 2012

A method of detecting honeycombing damage in a reinforced concrete beam using the finite element model updating technique was proposed. A control beam and two finite element models representing different severity of damage were constructed using available software and the defect parameters were updated. Analyses were performed on the finite element models to approximate the modal parameters. A datum and a control finite element model to match the datum test beams with honeycombs were prepared. Results from the finite element model were corrected by updating the Young’s modulus and the damage parameters. There was a loss of stiffness of 3% for one case, and a loss of 7% for another. The more severe the damage, the higher the loss of stiffness. There was no significant loss of stiffness by doubling the volume of the honeycombs.
Introgression breeding - Effects and side effects of marker-based introduction of two non-adapted QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance into elite wheat
Authors: Miedaner T. , von der Ohe C. , Korzun V. , Ebmeyer E.
Published: July 2012

Introgression breeding - Effects and side effects of marker-based introduction of two non-adaptedQTLfor Fusarium head blight resistance into elite wheat

Fusarium head blight resistance (FHB) can be achieved by using improved adapted varieties as crossing partners or by a marker-assisted introgression of mapped QTL from non-adapted sources. In this long-term studyFhb1on chromosome 3BS andQfhs.ifa-5Alocated on chromosome 5A were introgressed into European elite spring and winter wheat to test effects on FHB resistance and side effects on agronomic performance andF. graminearumisolates and mixtures. The introgression of the QTLFhb1andQfhs.ifa-5Afrom the Sumai 3-descendant CM82036 could be performed in the shortest possible way by marker-assisted backcrossing. They were both validated in European elite wheat background. Effects on FHB resistance were, on average, only about half of the effect in the original mapping populations. In the best phenotypically and marker-selected BC0line of spring wheat FHB was reduced from 40 to 4.3% of disease symptoms by introgressing both QTL, in the best BC3line of winter wheat the reduction was 28 and 37% for the moderately resistant and highly susceptible recurrent parent, respectively. Introgression of both QTL simultaneously did not result in significantly higher FHB resistance than introgression of only one of both QTL. Small significant negative effects on grain yield were detected in the Anthus but not in the Opus BC3F2:5backcross population when both QTL were introgressed. Backcrossing with onlyQfhs.ifa-5Adid not reduce grain yield significantly. Differences in heading date, plant height and quality traits were in all cases small although often significant. Selection of lines with improved resistance level and similar high yield level like the recurrent parent was feasible. Stability of FHB resistance mediated by both QTL was stable across 22Fusariumisolates from Europe and Canada and six binary mixtures. Competition effects between isolates in mixtures were obvious but could not be attributed to the resistance of the host. In conclusion, marker-based backcrossing is a feasible option for introgressingFhb1orQfhs.ifa-5AQTL into the high-yielding, quality-oriented European wheat gene pool.
An active electromagnetic stabilization of the Leipholz column
Authors: Szmidt Tomasz , Przybyłowicz Piotr
Published: July 2012

An active electromagnetic stabilization of the Leipholz column

We study the application of electromagnetic actuators for the active stabilization of the Leipholz column. The cases of the compressive and tensional load of the column placed in air and in water are considered. The partial differential equation of the column is discretized by Galerkin's procedure, and the stability of the obtained control system is evaluated by the eigenvalues of its linearization. Four different methods of active stabilization are investigated. They incorporate control systems based on feedback proportional to the transverse displacement of the column, its velocity and the current in the electromagnets. Conditions in which these strategies are effective in securing safe operation of the column are discussed in detail.
Aggregated technical and economic indicators and facilities coefficient in the building industry
Authors: Nagy Juraj
Published: July 2012

Aggregated technical and economic indicators and facilities coefficient in the building industry

Budgetary indicators, such as technical-economic indicators, are valuation tools commonly used in assessing indicative costs in civil engineering. Their applications are used across the professional construction spectrum, from preparation of the investment process to checking implementation of the construction, in the banking, insurance and property value estimation systems. The catalogues of specific financial indicators may have significant differences between them. These differences can result from different ways of processing the catalogues. As a result of the differences, situations may occur in practice in which a disparity pertains between the values obtained and the effect of the results of planning, implementation, monitoring or other activities related to the buildings.
Accuracy of commonly used equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in Nepalese population
Authors: Baral Anil , Manandhar Kiran , Hada Rajani , Agrawal Rajendra Kumar , Rajbhandari Ajay
Published: July 2012

Introduction - Estimation of glomerular filtration is of utmost importance in clinical practice. Various equations have been developed in different populations based on serum creatinine. These equations have not yet been validated in the Nepalese population. This study was conducted to compare the accuracy Cockcroft Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in Nepalese population. Methods - A total of 100 patients with chronic kidney disease were included in the study. Fifty patients had serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dl and 50 patients had serum creatinine more than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl. Glomerular Filtration Rate was measured as creatinine clearance from 24 hour timed urinary collections and estimated using both the Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations for all the patients. The degree of accuracy of each equation was calculated by the coefficient of determination(R2). Results - The mean glomerular filtration rate estimated from the Cockcroft Gault equation was 51.29 ml/min/1.73sqm and mean glomerular filtration rate estimated from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was 48.41 ml/min/1.73sqm whereas the mean measured GFR was 53.30ml/ min/1.73sqm. The coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated for both the equations. The Cockcroft Gault equation was more accurate in the Nepalese population (R2=0.88) than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation whose coefficient of determination was 0.84. Conclusions - In the Nepalese population the Cockcroft Gault equation was more accurate in estimating the glomerular filtration rate in comparison to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i2.6503 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2012;01(02):52-3
White Coat Hypertension, relationship of stages of hypertension with end organ damage and diurnal variation of blood pressure in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients
Authors: Paudel Navaraj , Karki Prahlad , Shreshta Nikesh Raj , Sharma Sanjib Kumar
Published: July 2012

Introduction - Systemic hypertension is a disease attributable for various cardiovascular events. White coat hypertension is under diagnosed in Nepal and is usually treated as hypertension. However its prevalence in Nepal is not known. The relationship of stages of hypertension and diurnal variation of blood pressure with end organ damage is a current topic of research however such studies haven’t been done in Nepal. Methods - A Cross-sectional, Descriptive study including 80 patients was conducted over a period of 1 year from February 2008 to March 2010 at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan. Results - The prevalence of white coat hypertension was 9%. Considering stage one (JNC 7) patients only it was 17%. There was statistically significant association between rise in blood pressure and proteinuria (p=<0.001). There was also significant relationship between the ECG and Fundoscopic changes with the rise in blood pressure (p value 0.003 and 0.041 respectively). There were 47% non-dippers, 44% dippers, 8% extreme dippers and 1% raisers with significant variations between active and resting blood pressure. Conclusion - The prevalence of White Coat Hypertension among stage one hypertensives was 17%. There is strong relationship between the rise in blood pressure and end organ damage. Majority of patients with pre?hypertension (JNC 7) showed micro-albuminuria. There was a significant variation between active and resting blood pressure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i2.6504 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2012;01(02):56-9
Effect of a yoga intervention on hypertensive diabetic patients
Authors: Shantakumari Nisha , Sequeira Sheifa , Eldeeb Rasha
Published: July 2012

Background - The concept of psychosomatic medicine has gained popularity, with yoga racing ahead in the field. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of yoga as an intervention in the management of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension. Method - This study was carried out in 2005 in Medical College Trivandrum, Kerala, India among 100 hypertensive Type 2 diabetics. They were randomized into control and yoga groups. The yoga group practiced yoga daily for one hour and given oral hypoglycemic drugs for 3 months. The control group did not perform yogic exercises but given oral hypoglycemic drugs. Comparisons were drawn between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) in both the groups at the start and at the end of 3 months. Paired and unpaired t tests were performed. Results - After intervention with yoga for 3 months the study group showed a significant decrease in SBP from 141.71±9.79 to 132.23±7.89 mm Hg, DBP from 90.57±4.07 to 85.49±5.03 mm Hg and FBS from 155.86±60.53 to 126.63±40.59 mg%. The reduction in PPBS from 240.31±79.42 to 208.74±73.05 mg% was however not proved to be significant statistically. Conclusion - These findings suggest that diabetics may benefit from yoga’s ability to improve the disease status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i2.6526Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2012;01(02):60-3.
Interrater reliability of Engel, International League Against Epilepsy, and McHugh seizure outcome classifications following vagus nerve stimulator implantation
Authors: Rodgers Will P. , Durnford Andrew J. , Kirkham Fenella J. , Whitney Andrea , Mullee Mark A. , Gray William P.
Published: July 2012

Object

Interrater reliability as measured by the kappa (κ) statistic is a widely used and valuable tool to measure the robustness of a scoring system. Seizure frequency reduction is a central outcome measure following vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). A specific VNS scoring system has been proposed by McHugh, but its interrater reliability has not been tested. The authors assessed its interrater reliability and compared it with that of the Engel and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) systems.

Methods

Using the Engel, ILAE, and McHugh scoring systems, 3 observers independently rated the medical records of children who had undergone vagus nerve stimulator implantation between January 2001 and April 2011 at the Southampton University Hospital. The interrater agreements were then calculated using the κ statistic.

Results

Interrater reliability for the McHugh scale (κ0.693) was very good and was superior to those of the Engel (κ0.464) and ILAE (κ0.491) systems for assessing outcome in patients undergoing VNS.

Conclusions

The authors recommend considering the McHugh scoring system when assessing outcomes following VNS.
Pediatric incidental brain tumors: a growing treatment dilemma
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Keating Robert F. , Myseros John S. , Yaun Amanda L. , Magge Suresh N. , Constantini Shlomi
Published: July 2012

Object

Rising numbers of MRI studies performed during evaluations for pediatric disorders have contributed to a significant increase in the number of incidentally found brain tumors. Currently, there is very little literature on the nature of and the preferred treatment for these incidental brain tumors. In this paper the authors review their experience diagnosing and treating these lesions in children as well as the current literature on this topic.

Methods

Records from 2 centers were reviewed for incidentally found brain tumors, treatment approaches, and outcomes for both surgical and nonsurgical cohorts.

Results

Forty-seven children (30 males and 17 females) with a mean age of 8.6 years were found to have incidental brain lesions suspected to be neoplasms. Twenty-five underwent surgery and 22 were observed. Two children in the observation group required surgery at a later stage. Tumor pathology in 24 patients was benign. Only 3 patients had high-grade tumors. All nonsurgically treated lesions were presumed to be low-grade tumors and were followed up for 25 ± 20 months.

Conclusions

The discovery of incidental brain tumors on MRI in children poses an increasing challenge. Additional studies are needed to determine the significance as well as the optimal management strategies in this situation.
Nutritive value of dried and heat processed mola fish (Amblypharyngodon mola) products
Authors: Islam MJ , Hossain MS , Mian S
Published: July 2012

Sensory characteristics, nutritive and food qualities of traditional, rotary and solar tunnel dried mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) products were investigated. Nutritional analyses of fresh mola fish at various steps of heat processing (cooking) were also studied. Organoleptically, the colour of traditional dried mola products was slight brownish with emission of faint off odour. On the other hand, the colour of dried mola fish produced in rotary and solar tunnel dryer was showed characteristic shiny colour and whitish to slight brownish respectively. For traditional dried mola products texture was somewhat soft, whereas it was firm and flexible with characteristic fresh fishlike odour for rotary dryer and solar tunnel dryer. Traditionally dried products were not satisfactory and found to be infested. On the contrary, rotary and solar tunnel dried mola products were excellent having no insect infestation or broken pieces. The dried mola products showed different nutritional contents significantly (p<0.05) higher than others. The percent of moisture content of dried mola products obtained from different drying procedures was in the range of 12.80 to 26.60 %, protein content varied from 50.03 to 62.53%; lipid content also varied considerably from 12.16 to 18.36% and ash content varied from 5.93 to 12.19%. The Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N) values varied from 10.64 to 20.36 mg/100g. Considerable loss of protein occurred during cooking of mola with or without vegetables compared to fresh mola. Considering the nutritional value, colour, odour and texture of the dried products rotary dryer gave good and significant (p<0.05) result. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i2.11383 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(2):43-48
Anatomical study on origin, course and distribution of cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Uddin M , Rahman ML , Alam MA , Ahasan ASML
Published: July 2012

The present study was carried out on fifteen healthy adult White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus) to clarify the obscure mesenteric arteries, which and their branches which are usually involved in intestinal surgery. The mesenteric artery is a high caliber vessel, 2cm in length dependent on the abdominal aorta, right below the emergence of the vessels destined for the liver and stomach. The animals were sacrificed, injecting diazepam (30 mg/kg) in jugular vein. Cannulation of the abdominal aorta, perfusion with warmed water (40ºC) and stained latex injection (Neoprene 450, Capitol Scientific, Austin, U.S.A, Red carmine stain) were performed, followed by fixation. With formalin (10%) the dissection and photographic documents (Casio Cyber-shot, 12.1 mega pixels) made it possible to systemize the arteries and define the vascular patterns of the viscera. The results prone that the cranial mesenteric artery of the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus) arose from the abdominal aorta, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra, entered the cranial mesentery forming its root, then proceeded caudoventrally in the mesojejunum and continued as the last cecal artery. The cranial mesenteric artery gave off: - Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery to the right lobe of the pancreas and the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum. Middle colic artery, a small vessel (frequently two) arising from the left wall and passing to the transverse colon, Eighteen to twenty jejunal arteries, Ileocecocolic artery to the ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and the cranial part of the descending colon. The caudal mesenteric artery arose from the abdominal aorta at the level of the caudal border of the root of the 6th lumbar transverse process, passed caudoventrally in the descending mesocolon, then divided into: left colic artery to the caudal two thirds of the descending colon, and cranial rectal artery to the cranial segment of the rectum. The obtained results were compared with their corresponding in the domestic animals, especially the domestic carnivores and laboratory animals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i2.11386 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(2):54-59
Successful management of ventral abdominal hernia in goat: a case report
Authors: Das BC , Nath BK , Pallab MS , Mannan A , Biswas D
Published: July 2012

The study was conducted a four month old Jamunapari doe weighing 15kg that was brought to the SAQ teaching veterinary Hospital, CVASU, Chittagong with the history of unknown cause, loss of appetite and gradual swelling in the pelvic region since one month. Based on clinical examination the case was subjected as a ventral abdominal hernia and corrected by surgical intervention. The case was recovered unevenfully at 10th postoperative day. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i2.11387 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(2):60-62
Predictive Values of Risk Factors in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Hasan MS , Mahmood CB
Published: July 2012

Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries. Management of such cases is difficult, costly and need expert centers in many cases. Therefore, identification of the risk factors and their predictive values may help optimizing its management. With the above idea this case-control study was done to see the effects of maternal and neonatal risk factors and to find their predictive values in the development of neonatal sepsis. Fifty cases and fifty suitably matched controls were enrolled in the study and different maternal, natal and newborn factors were compared. Many risk factors were found to have influence in the development of neonatal sepsis. Among them the maternal intrapartum fever, foul smelling liquor, young mother (< 20 yrs), poor income group, prolonged labor, unclean vaginal examination (UVE) and primi mother were much associated with the occurrence of sepsis. Also the neonatal factors, like prematurity, resuscitation at birth and low APGAR score carried the significant risk of developing sepsis. But when relative influence of these risk factors were analyzed over neonatal sepsis in detecting their predictive values, it was found that irregular antenatal check up, prematurity, resuscitation at birth, and maternal intrapartum fever had influenced most in the development of neonatal sepsis in chronological order. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11324   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 187-195
Genitourinary Fistula Experience in a Peripheral Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Begum SN
Published: July 2012

Genitourinary fistula is one of the most dreadful complications encountered in obstetrics and gynaecology and constitute a major surgical challenge for the urogynecologist. With advanced obstetric care, this fistula  is rare in industrialized world but it is still a major health  problem in underdeveloped countries, particularly in sub- Saharan Africa and Asia including Bangladesh. Victim of fistula become physically cripple, socially outcast,  psychologically traumatized. Surgical repair is the definitive  cure. A surgeon with adequate training and experience can optimize outcome of surgery by modifying techniques.  Repair of vesicovaginal fistula remains a major challenge  to surgeon worldwide. Aim of the study was to undertake a baseline evaluation of all genitourinary fistula cases and to share the experience  of management of fistula with others.  This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani MedicalCollege Hospital. A total 311 genitourinary fistula cases were admitted and managed here from July 2004 to March  2010. In this study 64.63% of the patients were between 20-35yrs of age (range 18-70yrs), 42.76% were primipara whereas 20.57% were grandmulti. Height was <145cm in 67.84% cases. Majority (80.38%) of the patients were from poor socioeconomic status; 91.63% was housewife, and 89.38% was illiterate. Obstructed labour was responsible for 86.81% of fistula.  Vesico-vaginal fistula was the most common (87.46%) type of fistula and 79.43% of fistula was complex in nature. 92.10% had local repair through vaginal approach, labial  fat graft was used in 44% cases.  In this study out of 242 operation 85.54 %(n-207) had successful repair. Among them 75.61% patient were completely continent.  Causes of failure were likely to be due to extensive scarring with loss of tissue, previous failed repair, large size of fistula  and in some cases post-operative catheter problem and  infection. Fistula is largely a preventable condition. More emphasis  should be given on prevention of fistula by increasing  community awareness, female education and empowerment, avoiding early marriage, family planning, improved  maternity services, timely referral and availability of emergency obstetric care services. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11328 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 207-212
Knowledge of Health Care Providers on HPV Related Issues in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Hussain F , Flora MS , Nahar K , Khan M
Published: July 2012

Background: The field of cervical cancer prevention is  rapidly evolving because of identification of Human  Papilloma Virus (HPV) as the necessary cause of disease.  HPV vaccines are now in the market. For successful  triggering of cervical cancer prevention program, HPV  informations should be communicated to health care  providers whose understanding about HPV has lagged  behind the scientific and technical advances.Objective: The objective of this intervention study was to  identify gap and educate health care providers delivering  services to women and adolescents in Medical Colleges on  HPV related issues and vaccination.Methods: The study was done from July 2007 to June 2008  where 3 advocacy workshops were conducted. The  knowledge level of 106 participants were assessed before  and after intervention. Updated informations about HPV  and vaccine was given to participants as intervention.Results: Wide knowledge gap was identified among  participants on HPV related insues, but significant  improvement was observed following intervention. The  pretest and post test score of knowledge was 28.09 and 38.60  respectively showing an average increase of 10 after  intervention.Conclusions: HPV education should be extensively  disseminated to health care providers to obtain public health  benefits of HPV vaccination program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11329 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 213-218
Role of Hydroxyurea in Psoriasis - A Review
Authors: Khondker L , Choudhury AM , Shah MOR , Shahidullah M , Islam MS , Ahmed ARS
Published: July 2012

Most of the patients of psoriasis have a chronic course withthe need for continuous control of disease activity. Patientswith moderate-to-severe disease generally requirephototherapy, photo-chamotherapy or systemic agents (e.g.cyclosporine, methotrexate, oral retinoids, fumaric acidesters) to control their disease adequately. In general thesetherapeutic modalities have proven to be highly effective inthe treatment of psoriasis. However, potentially serious toxicitycan limit their long term use. In this respect, hydroxyureacompares favourably with methotrexate which has a potentialfor producing irreversible hepatic damage and cyclosporineA with its potential for dose-related nephrotoxicity.Hydroxyurea, a hydroxylated molecule of urea is commonlyused to treat chronic myelogeneous leukemia andpolycythemia vera. Recent studies suggest it as an alternativeto methotrexate in moderate-to-severe psoriasis.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11330   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 219-226
Autoimmune Pancreatitis Presenting as Obstruction Jaundice
Authors: Rahman MA , Datta IK , Bhuyian R , Bhuiyan TM , Kabir MM , Haque MN , Azam MG , Mamoon MA , Mohsin MN
Published: July 2012

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by an autoimmune inflammatory process in which prominent lymphocyte infiltration with associated fibrosis of the pancreas causes organ dysfunction. Clinically it is very important to be aware of autoimmune pancreatitis because autoimmune chronic pancreatitis (AIP) can clinically disguise as pancreaticobiliary malignancies, ordinary chronic or acute pancreatitis.  Here we report a case of autoimmune pancreatitis presented with obstructive jaundice with initial diagnosis of carcinoma of head of the pancreas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11344 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 231-234
Bombay Phenotype: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Dipta TFA , Hossain KN , Khatun A , Rahman M , Hossain AZ , Wahed A , Shil N
Published: July 2012

Two cases of the rare blood group Bombay phenotype are discussed here. This rare blood group, Bombay (Oh) was first established by Bhende et al in Bombay (Mumbai), in 1952.In the ABO (ABH) blood group system, the O antigen represents the lack of A or B antigens; however it has the most amount of H antigen. If the H gene is absent, which is extremely rare, H substance can not be formed and subsequent A and B antigens can not also be formed. Absence of H gene results in the Bombay phenotype (Oh) 1-6, 7-13. Individuals with the Bombay phenotype develop anti-H antibodies. This is the reason that undetected Bombay individuals (typically typed as O individuals) will be cross match incompatible with O individuals. Bombay phenotype individuals can only receive blood from other Bombay individuals. In India, 1 in 10,000 has been found to have Bombay blood group. Where as, in Bangladesh till now only nine persons with Bombay (Oh) blood group have been formally reported by the Transfusion Medicine Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Using two cases we would like to discuss strategies to properly diagnose cases of Bombay phenotype in Bangladesh   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11347   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 241-243
Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dental & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangladesh
Authors: Sadat SMA , Rita SN , Banik S , Mallick PC
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11348   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 244-245
A case of diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a HIV positive patients
Authors: Patwary Md Ismail , Rahman Matiur , Ahmed Saleh
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11349   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 246
College News and CPD Programme
Authors: Begum Prof Tahmina
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11350   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 247-253
From the Desk of the Editor in Chief
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11351   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 254
Micronutrients In Pregnancy- An Often Neglected Issue
Authors: Begum Kohinoor
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11359   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30:
Can Succinylcholine be Used Safely in Severely Burn Patients?
Authors: Begum H , Islam MS , Khatun UHS
Published: July 2012

The use of succinylcholine(SC) in burn patients arerelatively contraindicated for certain period after lesion aged4 days  10 weeks due to chance of hyperkalemia althoughthere are no systemic data to define what period and whatlevel of K+ is safe. This prospective study was carried out in60 acute burn patients who were admitted in DMCH BurnUnit and undergone surgery within 3 months of lesion. Mostcommon type of burn was flame burn (33%).Mean age ofthe patient was 22.60 ± 9.61, TBSA (Total burn surface area)was 22.17 ± 9.57 and duration of burn was 23.36 ± 19.61.Every patient received standard dose of SC (1.5mg/kg) forintubation. The peripheral venous blood samples for serumK+, Na+, Cl - & HCO3- were drawn before induction and 3minutes after injection of SC. On analysis there were nosignificant change of serum K+ and HCO3- (p > .05), on theother hand serum Na+and Cl- levels were significantlychanged (p<0.05) due to correction of dehydration. In caseof electric burn serum K+ level was raised in every casesbut didnt cross the normal high level of serum K+ (5.5mEq/l). Haemodynamic parameters like pulse, NIBP, SPO2 andECG were analyzed intra operatively and there were nosignificant change in NIBP and ECG, rather there weresignificant improvement in pulse and SPO2 (p< 0.05).Survival of anaesthetic was 100% and no dysrhythmias ormajor morbidity were found intra operatively. Therefore,these data taken in the context of a compelling case forrapid intubating condition suggest safety in succinylcholineuse in the patients with acute burn.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11360   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 5-9
Study of EEG Findings in Patients Referred from Psychiatrists
Authors: Chowdhury RN , Daisy S , Rahman KM , Khan SU , Hasan ATMH , Khan ZR , Haque B , Hoque MA , Mondol BA , Habib M , Mohammad QD
Published: July 2012

EEG is not so commonly used in patients attending psychiatry  department. It is predominantly required to rule out any  organic cause behind the behavioral changes. Purpose of  this study was to assess the referred cases from psychiatry  department and determine the clinical factors associated with  an abnormal EEG in patients with psychiatric problem. We  retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the data of all the cases  referred to EEG lab. of Dept. of Neurology, Dhaka Medical  College Hospital from psychiatrist. A total of 50 patients from  July 2009 to January 2011 were selected. From the EEG  register following information were noted eg. age, sex,  socioeconomic status, habitat, rural or urban, clinical  features, associated features, probable clinical diagnosis and  EEG findings. The results showed that most of the patients  belonged to age group 11-20years, comprising 46 % (n-23),  66% (n-33) were female. Though the total rate of abnormal  EEG in psychiatry patients are low (n-20). 44% of the patients  having seizure as the presenting complaint had the largest  number of EEG abnormality (n-16), p value <.001. Patients  with primary psychiatric disorders did not have any  epileptiform activity (n-22). Where as most of the patients (n-  27) who were undiagnosed at the time of referral had the  largest number of EEG abnormality (n-19), p value<.002.  So any patient presenting to psychiatry department with  seizure disorder or any patient with diagnostic confusion  should be evaluated with EEG. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11363 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 24-29
Pre-Anaesthetic Fitness for Surgery
Authors: Khanam R , Shamsuzzoha M , Mandal MW , Ali AKMH
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11364   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 30-40
Jejunogastric Intussusception: A Case Report
Authors: Hussain MM , Rahman A , Abedin MR , Habib MA
Published: July 2012

Jejunogastric intussusception is an established complication following any type of gastroenterostomy. In its acute form it presents with abdominal pain and lump suggestive of obstruction. It is also a rare cause of haematemesis. Chronic and intermittent presentation has also been described. It is a surgical emergency in its acute form. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is required to avoid mortality. We report here a case that had a history suggestive of recurrent symptoms and ultimately presented as an acute emergency in the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11366   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 44-47
Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA)-A Rare Neurological Disorder
Authors: Hannan MA , Islam MN , Begum A , Jahan ME
Published: July 2012

Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare  type of an autosomal dominant progressive late onset  cerebellar ataxia. It is caused by a defect in a gene [CAG  repeat in atrophin-1 (ATN1) on chromosome 12] and results  in damage to the cerebellum, and to its connections within  the central nervous system. It is also known as Haw River  Syndrome and Naito-Oyanagi disease. This disorder seems  to be very rare except in Japan. Patients with DRPLA can  exhibit a variety of psychiatric symptoms in addition to  extrapyramidal and cerebellar symptoms. We report a case  who was 28 years old unmarried man presented at BSMMU,  Dhaka in 2010. The present work highlights the variable  mode of presentation of DRPLA and the difficulty of an  early diagnosis without facility of genetic analysis. The aim  of our report was to describe typical clinical presentations  of the disease without positive family history. Our patient  presented with unsteadiness during walking, irrelevant  behavior and talking, incontinence of urine and stool with  occasional myoclonic seizure and dementia.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11367   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 48-52
Plain X-ray can be a Good Tool for the Diagnosis of Horse Shoe Kidney
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11369   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 56-57
Chronic Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Man Presented as Bilateral Adrenal Masses with Partial Adrenocortical Insufficiency- A Rare Condition
Authors: Parvin Rukhsana
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11371   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 58-59
From the Desk of Editor in Chief
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11372   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 60
Portraying Forgiveness through Documentary Film
Authors: Fisher Duncan , Mitchell Jolyon
Published: July 2012

At the heart of this article is an analysis of two documentary films that focus on the topic of forgiveness, one in Rwanda, in the wake of the 1994 genocide, and the other in northern Uganda, following the ravages of the Lord's Resistance Army. This essay includes a description of the production background of both films, a brief outline of the historical context in which they are set, and a more detailed examination of both documentaries. Special focus is placed upon how these films reflect the way in which local traditions are used in the aftermath of violence in an attempt to bring about reconciliation. Through this discussion the observation is made that while neither film actually shows the local Gacaca gathering in Rwanda nor the Mato Oput rituals in Uganda at work, the films do draw these practices into a larger narrative about forgiveness. These traditions of ritualised forgiveness and local justice pre-date the arrival of Christianity in central East Africa. In this context, it is suggested that the filmmakers have appropriated and used these practices for a particular rhetorical purpose: to show how forgiveness is possible even after unimaginable cruelties.
Socio-Thermodynamics—Evolutionary Potentials in a Population of Hawks and Doves
Authors: Müller Ingo
Published: July 2012

The socio-thermodynamics of a population of two competing species exhibits strong analogies with the thermodynamics of solutions and alloys of two constituents. In particular we may construct strategy diagrams akin to the phase diagrams of chemical thermodynamics, complete with regions of homogeneous mixing and miscibility gaps.
A Model of Nonsingular Universe
Authors: Gao Changjun
Published: July 2012

In the background of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Universe, there exists Hawking radiation which comes from the cosmic apparent horizon due to quantum effect. Although the Hawking radiation on the late time evolution of the universe could be safely neglected, it plays an important role in the very early stage of the universe. In view of this point, we identify the temperature in the scalar field potential with the Hawking temperature of cosmic apparent horizon. Then we find a nonsingular universe sourced by the temperature-dependent scalar field. We find that the universe could be created from a de Sitter phase which has the Planck energy density. Thus the Big-Bang singularity is avoided.