bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EC food contact legislation and how in the future it may be applied to lacquer‐coated food and beverage cans
Authors: Tice Philip
Published: July 2002

Metal cans are extensively used, in the retail distribution of foods and beverages, where packaging is required to be both robust and able to withstand sterilisation temperatures. Internal lacquer barrier coatings on the cans play an important role in maintaining the quality of the contents, by preventing any unacceptable metal contamination. It is, however, necessary to ensure that the presence of the lacquer does not itself make the contents unsafe. As yet, the European Commission has produced no directive relating specifically to safety rules for contact between foodstuffs and polymeric or plastic coatings on metal substrates (e.g. lacquer‐coated cans). It is therefore necessary to turn to individual national laws and regulations, or the Council of Europe Resolution on Coatings, for assurance on the safety of lacquer‐coated food and beverage cans. Discusses existing EC food contact legislation, and its possible future application to lacquer‐coated food and beverage cans.
Ms Jessica Lim
Authors: Dana Teresa E.
Published: July 2002

The October 27, 1996 issue of Singapore’s The Sunday Times gave the Salut Restaurant and Wine Bar a four star (very good) rating for its food and ambience, and three stars (good) for its service. This was reported barely one month after this venue’s opening. Years later, the Salut Restaurant is still greeting customers with French specialities such as foie gras (chopped liver) and escargots (snails) as appetisers; de‐boned pigeon as a main course; and a choice of soufflé or crème brûlée for dessert. The restaurant also cooks up other European dishes and the wine bar pours a vast array of wines and liqueurs. The selection of meals at Salut Restaurant and Wine Bar includes dishes that may be difficult to find elsewhere in Singapore; however, prices are among the highest.
Lublin Coca‐Cola Bottlers Ltd
Authors: Paul Dana Leo , Vignali Claudio
Published: July 2002

Coca‐Cola is relatively standardised around the world. However, expansion into Poland was exceptionally challenging. This case is about the entry of Coca‐Cola into the Polish market. The reader realises that there are important differences within Poland to consider.
Building business success: a case study of small business coaching
Authors: Porter Sue
Published: July 2002

This article describes a project and the resulting programme to help small businesses to survive and grow through the use of business coaching. It also describes the use of the programme in an actual case study of business coaching. The programme seeks to give the owner/managers of small businesses expert, practical and cost‐effective guidance on strategic and business planning. It is designed to be flexible to allow users to draw their own conclusions and make their own decisions. It emphasises the importance of the part people play in business success and of including employees in business decisions. The article highlights potential further developments to the programme described.
The Way We Were to the Way We Are
Authors: Coupland Lester , Dickson Ron
Published: July 2002

What issues will the HR function be facing over the next decade?
Presents a quarterly meeting of the policy group of the HR Division of
European Institute of Management in the year 2004. The members attending
look back over the last decade, 1994 to 2004, focusing on the
international dimensions, changes in the HR role, changes in the role of
the manager, and what impact changes related to values and beliefs,
teamworking and empowerment, quality and standards and performance
management systems have made on organizations.
A Primer on Determining the Cost Effectiveness of Training – Part 1
Authors: Campbell Clifton P.
Published: July 2002

Increasingly, training professionals are being asked to justify whether
training is a worthwhile investment. Discusses the need to justify
training expenditures with documented benefits. Provides details, along
with examples, on how to calculate the direct, indirect, and full costs
of a training course or programme. Also describes the feasibility of
linking training outcomes to organizational improvements and the
selection of training outcomes (benefits) to be measured and quantified.
Educational and commercial collaboration in higher education: a
case study from retailing
Authors: Jones Peter , Harris Irene
Published: July 2002

Within the rapidly changing world of higher education in the UK,
links between universities and industry are assuming ever increasing
importance. Focuses on one such link, namely the award‐bearing
management development programmes developed for companies by the
Department of Retailing and Marketing at the Manchester Metropolitan
University.
Managers developing others through action learning
Authors: Mumford Alan
Published: July 2002

Describes study of interaction between learners, bosses, mentors
and clients on programmes designed through action learning. Reviews what
happened with 26 participants and five mentors or bosses, and also
perceptions of faculty and management development advisers. Finds that
relationships were less effective than could have been achieved.
Proposes action to ensure clearer understanding of the help that could
be asked for or offered, and the development of a contract between
learner and helper. Suggests also that bosses and mentors should be
encouraged to review their own learning.
Research – a credit to training
Authors: McDermott Anne‐Marie
Published: July 2002

The introduction of training credits through Training and
Enterprise Councils (TECs) has required care and sensitivity. When Leeds
TEC launched its quality training and guidance package for young people,
it was based in part on research commissioned from Quaestor Research and
Marketing Strategists. Considers the structure and value of the
research, and the input from training providers. Arising from the
research was a recognition of the vital need to “raise the parity
of esteem” between academic and vocational learning. The research
also helped in the design of the product, and underlined the relative
importance which is attached to the monetary value of a training credit.
Evaluating management training and development: revisiting the basic issues
Authors: Rowe Christopher
Published: July 2002

Stresses the need for evaluation of management training and development. Distinguishes between single‐loop learning (monitoring) and double‐loop learning (evaluation). Suggests that evaluation throws up certain “quandaries”. Why do most management development programmes espouse a philosophy that is rarely practised in the workplace? Why is management development placed so far from the organizational power base? Why is so little thought given to who provides programmes? Why does top management rarely partake of training and development? Why do managers want to learn new things by talking about old things? Should training and development critically consider organizational strategy? Why are programmes rarely evaluated? Such questions take us back to basic objectives and the fundamental differences between training and development.
Leading to customer care
Authors: Morris John
Published: July 2002

Emphasizes the need for customer care to be a part of an ongoing business strategy rather than a short‐term training need. Shows that if customer care is treated as strategic, it moves into the realm of top management and, hence, becomes a leadership issue. Stresses the role of the internal customer and the impact top management can have on customer care by addressing internal hygiene issues.
Training in communications: a springboard to success in business careers
Authors: Poon Teng Fatt James
Published: July 2002

Explores the importance of training in communications to enhance one’s business career. It is often taken for granted that a training in communications serves as an end in itself but such a training has far more implications than the communications graduate or management may realize. Indeed, the value of a training in communications permeates any organization. In spite of the growing awareness of training in communications, as seen from the numerous communication programmes in companies, and the value of communication in the workplace, it is sobering to note the low esteem in which communications professionals are held. Addresses this issue to emphasize the value of communications training and suggests how communicators can achieve better business success with the kind of training they have received.
The Disciplinary Pyramid and its importance
Authors: Rees W. David
Published: July 2002

Explains the concept of the Disciplinary Pyramid and its importance. The pyramid is used as a framework for identifying what disciplinary handling skills need to be developed in organizations. Much attention is often paid to the issue at the top of the pyramid (i.e. dismissal) but most disciplinary action is, or needs to be, at the base where action such as counselling and informal warnings may be what is required. Training which is provided is often heavily oriented around the law and more appropriate for personnel specialists than line managers. Focuses on the need to clarify responsibilities at the base of the pyramid, the nature of the skills line managers need, the way these skills can be developed and the preventive aspects of discipline. Identifies and explains, the crucial skills and categorizes them as process skills.
Training ‐ the stuff of legends
Authors: Tate William
Published: July 2002

Explains the theory on the core competences of the organization and the competences of individual employees. Looks at the management style in competence‐based organizations and the way in which a competence‐based human resource management (HRM) system can help in achieving the organization’s objectives, as well as examining competence management and empowerment. A concrete application of a competence‐based HRM system in the petrochemicals industry illustrates the task of linking an organization’s core competences to the personal competences of employees by making use of HRM instruments. Ends with a summary of the challenges HRM professionals face in competence‐based organizations.
Competence development ‐ a challenge for human resource professionals: core competences of organizations as guidelines for the development of employees
Authors: Bergenhenegouwen G.J. , ten Horn H.F.K. , Mooijman E.A.M.
Published: July 2002

Challenges the popular myth that businesses’ ills are easily cured by training. Argues that training is frequently misused as propaganda, distracting from searching analysis of organizations’ real problems. Uses examples of misapplied training initiatives which leave a warm feeling but miss their target. Contrasts training with education: training pursues an outside‐in agenda aimed at instilling learner compliance with external standards. Education, by contrast, works inside‐out, offering choice and challenging the status quo. Advocates leadership which favours the values of education more than training. Proposes a more balanced equation between the supply of talent and its intelligent and healthy utilization. Shows how a creative, multilevered approach to change develops corporate competence.
Managing the cultural divide: the case for classroom assessment
Authors: Gilleard Jenni
Published: July 2002

The transfer of training techniques across cultures is fraught with difficulties for both trainer and trainee. Trainers working within multicultural settings need to be especially sensitive to their trainees’ needs and socio‐cultural learning backgrounds. Both trainers and participants in the workplace bring to training courses a baggage of past and present educational experiences that impacts their reaction to organizational learning approaches. Considers how a particular assessment technique can make explicit what trainers often assume to be implicit in terms of their training practices, and how industry can learn from educational case studies. Describes the results from implementing a “one minute” assessment feedback to Asian students undertaking a technical English enhancement programme. Suggests classroom assessment can heighten greater personal awareness to training approaches within a multicultural setting, broaden understanding of participant needs, and encourage a more systematic strategy for expanding and improving training and learning quality. Implies exploiting cultural synergy requires managing rather than merely accepting, the cultural divide.
Unlocking potential (reflections of a late developer)
Authors: Robinson Graham
Published: July 2002

Outlines some of the questions raised during the course of a qualitative research inquiry into the personal consequences of organisational change for directors who are “drivers” of such change. Links these questions to more general issues and trends in the organisation of work (Handy) and for human resource management priorities (Ulrich). Questions the interpretation of these trends in relation to the role of the developer, arguing that effective development involving a third party developer is always dependent on genuine partnership working. Such a way of working is particularly challenging or even threatening to developers, frequently tempting them into hiding themselves behind fashionable theories, tools and techniques, rather than risking their own learning and development while facilitating that of others. Suggests ten keys to unlocking the development potential in oneself and others and that the application of these keys can be a painful process.
Anatomy of a good sales introduction ‐ part II
Authors: DeCormier Ray A. , Jackson Anita
Published: July 2002

First impressions last forever! Often this initial meeting sets the impression buyers will have about the salesperson and his or her company. For this reason, the introduction cannot be taken lightly. The introduction consists of these steps, the first three of which were presented in part I: assess the environment and prospect personality type; introduce the salesperson to include name, company name, reason and anticipated length of time for the call; establish first‐name terms; state the rules, business philosophy and payment terms; request permission to ask questions; reposition the salesperson ‐ remove physical barriers. To understand what constitutes a successful introduction, we also need to know what the goals or objectives of the introduction stage are and how they can be achieved. A successful introduction should enhance trust and establish a fair and level “playing field” between the buyer and seller.
Pericalypsis, pangnosis and the ontology of Babel: the oddball bibliography of Stanislaw Lem
Authors: Duckett Bob
Published: July 2002

This article features a number of reviews from A Perfect Vacuum by Stanlslaw Lem. These reviews, of non‐existent books, concern various aspects of reading, knowledge‐seeking and related epistemological issues. Through this bizarre literary device, Lem is able to raise a number of extreme, absurd and otherwise mind‐boggling ideas, somewhat in the surrealist style of Jorge Luís Borges. The reader is challenged to look afresh at traditional presuppositions and conventional wisdom. Such inspirational writing is a rare tonic.
Distance learning for today’s librarian
Authors: Ellison John W.
Published: July 2002

Describes the nature of distance learning and its increasing use in the present and for the future. Approaches for libraries to support distance learning are indicated and the importance of libraries of all kinds becoming involved with support for distance learners stressed. The application of distance learning to education and training for librarians is discussed.
Access to Asian serials in Australian libraries
Authors: Gosling Andrew
Published: July 2002

The past decade has seen considerable achievements by Australian libraries in improving access to Asian serials. This has been largely the result of cooperative effort. However, there remain significant problems and issues for the future. Challenges identified by librarians and users include the paucity of current Asian serials in many libraries; reduced or uncertain funding and specialised staffing; how to maximise online and physical access to the major Asian collections in Canberra; and finding the appropriate balance between print and electronic journals.
Cooperative programmes and networking in Japanese academic libraries
Authors: Oshiro Zensei
Published: July 2002

The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan envisioned a scholarly information system in 1978. In order to realize the system, the Ministry established Foreign Periodical Centres and the National Center for Science Information System (NACSIS). They have been playing vital roles in most of the recent cooperative programmes and networking in Japanese academic libraries. Foreign Periodical Centres and NACSIS’ several systems – NACSIS‐CAT, NACSIS‐ILL, NACSIS‐IR and NACSIS‐ELS are introduced. NACSIS‐CAT, which is a system of online shared cataloguing, is one of the most successful networks. But NACSIS‐ILL, which is an online interlibrary loan (ILL) system, is not fully functioning as an ILL system because lending and borrowing of the library material is not a normal service among Japanese academic libraries.
Re‐examining the role of the public services librarian in the new Information Age
Authors: Gessesse Kebede
Published: July 2002

Argues that the rapid developments in computer technology as well as economic changes have made it clear that the conventional role of librarians as information intermediaries must undergo an inevitable change. Stresses that the imminent arrival of virtual reality, i.e. the receiving of images enabling direct interaction with the information, will force librarians to re‐educate themselves to meet this digital challenge if they are ready to avoid being displaced by a variety of contenders in the information business. Attempts to give an overview of the impact the technological changes have on academic library functions and services in particular.
Accrediting knowledge
Authors: Nkereuwem E.E.
Published: July 2002

Describes how a representative sample of librarians was surveyed to carry out a comparative evaluation of selected journals in library and information science. Respondents were asked to rate each journal on a scale from poor to outstanding (0‐10), in terms of their visibility and the quality of articles they publish. Such evaluation should assist librarians in journal selection and in determining the quality of journals to which they send their research papers for publication. Reports the findings of the survey which discovered that some journals such as Library Waves, Assistant Librarian and Library Journal get low ratings because of low visibility and irregular publication. Others such as African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science and Journal of Information Science are rated highly because of familiarity and accessibility. Argues that the results of the study should help librarians determine the quality of journals and will subsequently enhance their utilization and subscription.
St Deiniol’s Library, Hawarden
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

Outlines the history of St Deiniol’s Library, Hawarden, UK which celebrated its centenary in 1996. States how the library was essentially the product of the retirement, between 1894 and 1898, of the great Victorian statesman, W.E. Gladstone. Seeks to describe the last efforts of the “Grand Old Man” (GOM) ‐ liberated finally from the responsibilities of high political office ‐ to create at his beloved Hawarden a fitting memorial to those values of study and learning which had always been close to his life and his character. Today a recognized theological college of the Church of England, the Library (still containing 30,000 of Gladstone’s own books) nevertheless persists essentially as a reflection of Gladstone’s own mind and outlook. It is also a residential library: perhaps the only one of its kind in the world. Still attracting readers from all over the world, it may help to remind us that Gladstone himself might have made a good librarian, as well as a good Prime Minister, or even a good Archbishop of Canterbury.
Publishing in Scotland 1997: revealing the wealth of the industry
Authors: Publishers Association Scottish
Published: July 2002

Describes the background to publishing in Scotland and outlines the nature and range of current Scottish publishing houses. Sets Scottish publishing within its UK and European context and indicates a number of major trends. Presents broad statistics of current Scottish publishing. Describes the nature, activities and achievements of 30 Scottish publishing houses, from large to small and from general to specialist.
Exhibitions in university libraries
Authors: Adewale Ogunrombi Samuel
Published: July 2002

Describes various types of university library exhibitions, lists their objectives and highlights their role as a publicity strategy. Presents the results of a study of exhibitions mounted at Abubaker Tafawa Balewa University, in Nigeria, from 1990‐1993. Finds that anniversary events are the most frequent subject for exhibitions, followed by those for the promotion of library services. Offers a number of recommendations for successful exhibitions, which can be used as an influential public relations strategy for the promotion of the library’s services.
Cataloguing practice in university libraries
Authors: Muhammad Khalid Hafiz , Mahmood Khalid , Willson Jonathan
Published: July 2002

Surveys the status of cataloguing practice in university libraries in three Asian developing countries, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia. Examines the extent of the usage of international cataloguing tools like cataloguing codes (AACR, ISBD), classification schemes (DDC, LC) and subject heading lists (Sears, LCSH). Finds that there is an overall uniformity in the use of technical tools. There is a trend towards automation of cataloguing services. With the help of new technology, more access points for catalogue searching have been made available. Online catalogues are also replacing all traditional catalogue forms, i.e. Card, Printed, and Microform. Survey findings show that, in using new information technology in technical services, Malaysian university libraries are more advanced than those of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm” ‐ Douglas Anderson and research at the Robert Gordon University
Authors: Johnson Ian M. , Williams Dorothy A.
Published: July 2002

Reviews Douglas Anderson’s contribution to the development of research in the School of Librarianship and Information Studies, later renamed the School of Information and Media, at the Robert Gordon University. Against an explanatory background to the Scottish Higher Education system, it outlines Anderson’s work in information and image retrieval, his concern for the role of public libraries in serving the disadvantaged, and his commitment to enthusing students and others about progressive developments in the field.
The collaborative library community ‐ a Danish reality
Authors: Brabrand Jensen Mogens
Published: July 2002

The DanBib system is a nation‐wide union catalogue offering a number of common functions and a network to all Danish libraries ‐ public as well as academic ones. The system is managed by the Danish Library Centre Ltd ‐ a privately organized company owned by national and local government together with the biggest Danish publishing house. The Danish way is, indeed, unique in an international context. In this article a number of basic prerequisites which had to be fulfilled to bring about the Danish solution are discussed.
Collaborating to meet the needs of non‐English speaking patrons
Authors: Kreicker Kimberley
Published: July 2002

Kansas is a predominantly rural state, located in the geographic and geodetic centre of the USA. Recently, meat processing and other agriculture‐related industries have located in Kansas, bringing literally thousands of new immigrants into the State. As the non‐English speaking population has blossomed, communities have been hard pressed to meet the needs of all of their residents. The collaborative efforts of schools, universities, libraries, the State Department of Education, and many others, have been required to make an impact. This article ‐ originally presented as a Poster Session at ALA’97 in San Francisco, California ‐ describes these efforts, and offers suggestions on making your own facility more user‐friendly for non‐English speaking patrons.
Various applications of the Dewey Decimal Classification at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Authors: Jouguelet Suzanne
Published: July 2002

The factors and criteria leading to the choice of the Dewey Decimal Classification for the BN are outlined. The applications of the classification are discussed within the areas of indexing, shelflisting and signage and special adaptations to local requirements and usages are described. The use of the classification within statistics and computer systems for the library is also indicated. Future developments in the use of the Dewey Decimal Classification, including full edition French language translations, are also outlined.
Library cataloguing and abstracting and indexing services: reconciliation of principles in the online environment?
Authors: Fattahi Rahmat
Published: July 2002

With the ever‐increasing developments in information technology and networks, end users of the online environment now have integrated access to a variety of bibliographic databases, mainly library catalogues and A&I services, from a single terminal. While such a facility influences users’ expectations and preferences in the searching, retrieval and presentation of bibliographic information, it raises an important question as to whether different bibliographic practices can use a similar or compatible set of principles for creating bibliographic records and files. This paper is an attempt to identify areas of possible reconciliation and also address some of the implications of such an issue.
Henry J. Heaney: bibliography and chronology
Authors: Rodger Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2002

Presents a chronology of the professional career of Henry Heaney combined with a bibliography of his professional writings (excluding annual reports, committee reports and book reviews).
Publishing of electronic databases
Authors: Subba Rao Siriginidi
Published: July 2002

Presents briefly the impact of information technology on information management. Discuses the publication of electronic databases on CD‐ROM and the Internet by considering factors such as media of choice, cost factors, basic infrastructure, steps in publishing and their scenario in India, with products. Also, lists the differences between the two technologies. Concludes that India could use these media for publishing its databases not only for its own use but also to earn foreign exchange.
Information organisation on the Web? It is basically about respect and trust
Authors: Trickey Keith V.
Published: July 2002

After briefly raising questions about the data, information, knowledge debate, the problems of the Web as a source of authoritative information are reviewed using historical equivalences and metaphor. Secure Web searching is described and placed in the context of current cultural and intellectual concerns. Two important characteristics of significant Web information are then identified ‐ respect and trust. The importance of these qualities in the electronic context is then explored.
The Black and Minority Ethnic Stock Group (BSG) in Hackney libraries
Authors: Durrani Shiraz , Pateman John , Durrani Naila
Published: July 2002

Describes the establishment and work of the Black and minority Ethnic Stock Group (BSG) in Hackney libraries. The BSG was an attempt to involve black staff, at all levels in the library service, in the selection of stock for the black community. As a first step, 25 per cent of the stock fund was allocated to the purchase of black stock. This helped to make up for historical underfunding and was part of a longer term strategy to match library resources to the community profile. The BSG was a successful experiment in staff empowerment and led to the selection of stock which was relevant to the black community.
Changing roles of cataloguers in British academic libraries
Authors: Garcha Rajinder , Buttlar Lois
Published: July 2002

How have the roles of cataloguers evolved over the past decade due to the impact of automation When cataloguers in academic libraries in England were surveyed it was found that 97 per cent work with a fully automatic online public access catalogue; all catalogue online, and share records with some bibliographic utility, of which RLIN and BLCMP are the most popular. Professional staff size had decreased at 50 per cent of the institutions with means of 4.5 professionals and 4.8 support staff members. The average percentage of professional cataloguers per library was about 53 per cent. Roles that were greatly expanded included cataloguing of digital documents and Internet resources, authority control, and database management. Of the respondents, 65 per cent are now involved in e‐mail discussion groups where ten years ago none were. Administrative functions have also increased as 50 per cent of the cataloguers are now heads of bibliographic access departments.
The origin of the Kelmscott Press
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

The legacy of William Morris’s Kelmscott Press and its relevance to today are considered. The aims behind the foundation of the Press are discussed and the design of type and production of its early titles are examined.
Coronary heart disease: an end to the epidemic in sight?
Authors: Landon Jane
Published: July 2002

A new report from the National Heart Forum argues that coronary heart disease could lose its position as the leading single cause of death in the UK if only knowledge we have now can be turned into effective policy action. Tackling health inequalities, largely due to relative poverty, must begin in childhood. National nutrition policies are needed to lower average blood cholesterol levels and unhealthy weight gain. Healthy choices in food and lifestyle must be available to all, not just the better off. Government strategies to tackle smoking must be matched by similar strategies for nutrition and physical activity. A failure to act, particularly to raise nutritional standards across the board, could result in an alternative scenario of huge and costly increases in the number of coronary care patients.
Body composition and energy balance assessment of élite female athletes in the USA and Greece
Authors: Hasapidou Maria , Fortin Robin , Mastrantoni Anthi , English Catherine , Cardwell Marjorie
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine body composition, energy balance and tendencies towards eating disorders of female competitive athletes in two countries, USA and Greece. Data were collected using similar methodology in both countries during the non‐competitive (training) and the competitive seasons. Forty‐two athletes and 11 controls in the USA and 35 athletes and ten controls in Greece participated in the study. Comparison of the results between the countries showed that US athletes weighed more than Greek athletes but there was no significant difference in the percentage of body fat between the two groups. No significant differences were found in the energy intakes between athletes in either country. Athletes appeared to be in negative energy balance (‐380 to ‐580 kcals daily) in both seasons, in both countries.
Food for thought on food safety
Authors: Elsasser Carol
Published: July 2002

foodlink’s National Food Safety Week provides a focus for communicating messages designed to help people understand and initiate the basic precautions which can be taken to reduce the risk of food poisoning and in the process provide fun and entertainment for thousands throughout the UK. There were over 100,000 reported cases of food poisoning last year and there has been much speculation recently that many more cases go unreported. National Food Safety Week provides the tools both to raise awareness of the problem and to provide the answers in a fun, inclusive and effective way. Indeed, keeping food safe is one of the most basic applications of technology in the home.
Tackling diet‐related disease by promoting fruit and vegetables
Authors: Cottee Peta
Published: July 2002

This article outlines the importance of increasing fruit and vegetable intake in the battle against diet‐related disease and health inequalities. It identifies some of the barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and proposes some potential solutions.
High speed supports using aerostatic aerodynamic bearing
Authors: Ahuj B.B. , Chikate P.P. , Basu S.K.
Published: July 2002

Deals with the development of aerostatic‐cum‐aerodynamic hybrid conical bearings, running at 70,000 r.p.m., suitable for supports of high speed spindles. Conical bearing bush is designed for two plane admission, with eight holes in each plane, with a semi cone angle of 108. In case of static response, the interactions between the major parameters, are projected on 3D response surface curve. The results give the magnitude of radial load to get the benefit of optimally minimum eccentricity ratio. Experimental results show close agreement with the theoretical work in regard to “no‐rotation” cases. The exponential relationship existing between eccentricity ratio, radial load and supply pressure is generalised. Rigidity for the bearings developed, as seen from the response surface, supports the observations of previous researchers. For the use of designers, vital operational parameters have been tabulated. Estimated and experimental values of these parameters compare reasonably.
Asbestos‐free jointing products
Authors: Wilson Bill
Published: July 2002

Discusses the properties of various asbestos‐free gasket materials, in particular expanded PTFE. Presents the factors which need to be taken into account when choosing a gasket. Highlights the requirements of gaskets in the automotive industry and the conditions they have to withstand.
Tribological behaviour of some metals and filled or unfilled plastic using solid lubricants
Authors: Satyanarayan K.R. , Basu S.K.
Published: July 2002

Deals with the tribological behaviour of some ferrous, non‐ferrous and polymeric materials, used for various applications in machine tools in dry conditions and when using solid lubricants, and the development of an empirical relationship of wear and friction dependent on influencing parameters. Some “Iso‐Wear” curves have also been plotted for the purpose of obtaining values of the parameters and their treatment combination for a specific wear rate.
Lubricating automotive engines
Authors: Mian Abid
Published: July 2002

Traditionally the development process has been used to optimise engine lubrication systems with a lot of hardware testing. This can lead to an expensive and time consuming process which can have major influences on the engine design. To complement engine development, design and analysis principles have been developed for further optimisation and understanding of the lubrication system. To demonstrate this a case study is used illustrating good use of analysis tools, offering clear ways towards system optimisation. In addition, while engine designers have been improving their techniques, new components and oil formulations have helped push the boundaries of the lubrication system, giving better wear and friction characteristics and also increasing oil life.
A cost‐effective procedure for adapting instructional materials
Authors: Campbell Clifton P.
Published: July 2002

Developing instructional materials is a formidable task. Expertise, motivation, time and special equipment are all necessary to prepare quality items. Furthermore, very few things in training are completely new and, if even a part of existing materials is appropriate for accomplishing training needs, it should be seriously considered. This article develops and explains a procedure for identifying, locating, gathering, examining and adapting instructional materials. It concludes with the importance of, and a methodology for, trying out and revising the materials. If this evaluation procedure is omitted, because of time or other resource constraints, there is a risk that instructional materials will not facilitate attainment of the learning objectives. When this happens, the entire adaptation effort will have been in vain.
Partnerships between small and medium enterprises and universities that add value
Authors: Freeman Sue
Published: July 2002

Investigates the premises that small businesses need marketing expertise in order to grow and that undergraduates need more experience of studying small business marketing problems. There is increasing interest in, and importance of, sustainable small business and a move away from the traditional graduate recruitment route into well‐established large businesses. These developments suggest that an opportunity exists for developing new methods of marketing teaching that will aid both graduates and small businesses to gain added value from their marketing knowledge. Two areas area looked at, that small business sustainability and growth potential are enhanced by an increased understanding of marketing, and that business undergraduates’ employment potential will be enhanced by exposure to small business owner/managers and their specific marketing problems. These are looked at in the context of the author’s long involvement in higher marketing education. The conclusion is reached that developing small business consultancy/case studies around specific marketing problems develops new teaching materials, provides the forum for interaction between SME owner/managers and business undergraduates and helps change existing perceptions.
Sandwich Placements: Improving the Learning Experience – Part 2
Authors: Bourner Tom , Ellerker Mary
Published: July 2002

Seeks to assess the effectiveness of introducing action learning into
sandwich placements. Builds on the rationale for, and organization of,
the initiative established in Part 1 and discusses feedback from the
main parties involved. Provides evidence that suggests that action
learning could offer a solution to the problem of insufficient
integration between the sandwich and the academic periods of courses and
the danger that sandwich placements can become an excessively
specialized experience. Concludes that the evidence is sufficiently
encouraging to recommend further development of the scheme.
Cultivating Managers of the Future
Authors: Fried‐Booth Howard
Published: July 2002

The concrete experience of pupils and students, together with authentic
and authoritative career information, are essential to allow for an
educated career or vocational training choice. Such a choice is an
essential part of the Government philosophy detailed in recent White
Papers. The National Health Service, along with other public bodies, has
lacked examples of structured student work placements to provide
concrete experiences which have the potential to formally link with
academic qualifications and hence provide an easing of access to further
vocational development. The article charts the introduction, application
and evaluation of one such structured and practical scheme. The scheme
is based on the “Young Manager” package produced by Henley Distance
Learning Ltd and Cambridge Training and Development and piloted by the
National Health Service Training Division.
The application of a US‐originated computer‐driven restaurant
management game in the development of European hospitality managers
Authors: Lyn Fawcett S.
Published: July 2002

Begins by examining the dissonance which exists between the
learning outcomes of hospitality education and the skill needs of the
industry. Following this introduction, describes a US‐originated
management game and evaluates it as an approach for the development of
practising managers and students.
Business ethics: too little, too late
Authors: Macfarlane Bruce
Published: July 2002

Describes the marginal accommodation of courses in business ethics
within the business studies first degree curriculum. Focusing
principally on the role of law and economics, argues that introductory
subject study within business studies degrees plays a significant role
in underpinning free‐market principles and undermining ethical concerns.
As a result students are encouraged to regard business activity as
legitimately distinct from society. Concludes that courses in business
ethics are under pressure to conform to a vocational rationale
demonstrating the market benefits of ethical behaviour rather than
encouraging students to examine fundamentally the assumptions and
effects of business practice. Also suggests that, as a final‐year
option, discrete courses in business ethics do little to disturb the
market orthodoxy of business studies students.
Links with education at Royal Mail: developing a policy framework
Authors: Olin Michael
Published: July 2002

Explains why Royal Mail commissioned a review of its
education‐linked activities, the process of the review, and its findings
– including a proposal for a policy and supporting framework. Goes
on to explain how the review′s recommendations were considered within
Royal Mail, and explains why those relating to management and
organization, as distinct from those relating to activities, were given
priority, and absorbed within Royal Mail′s management process. A
consequence was the setting up of a national education co‐ordination
group, and the role of this is set out. Finally, explains the importance
of, and pride in, local ownership, and how it is hoped Royal Mail′s new
policy will support this.
The youth labour market in south London: addressing the challenge
Authors: Churchill Sue
Published: July 2002

An overview of research into the youth labour market, carried out
in 1994 by IES, on behalf of SOLOTEC, the South London Training &
Enterprise Council. The aim is to make more public the findings of the
research, which, though based in south London, has a broader application
relating to the provision of vocational training for young people. In
particular, it aims to examine the research findings relating to the
effectiveness of training credits (available as a pilot from 1991‐1995)
in meeting the training needs of young people and employers. Finally,
goes beyond the remit of the research to outline and explain measures
taken by SOLOTEC to meet the report′s recommendation.
“If the CAPS fit…”: learning to manage in SMEs
Authors: Gold Jeff , Whitehouse Nicola , Hill Marcus
Published: July 2002

Suggests that graduates face a crucial challenge in attempting to transfer new ideas into British small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Claims that many find their ability to act limited, resulting in frustration and disillusionment. Examines how graduates involved in the Company Associate Partnership Scheme (CAPS) at Leeds Metropolitan University attempt to tackle the problems that they face via a process of problem management and learning. Highlights some of the crucial features of technology transfers into SMEs.
Higher education in South Africa: the skills debate
Authors: Swartz Ethné , Foley Paul
Published: July 2002

Looks at the nature of undergraduate education in South Africa. Claims that the differing views held by government with limited resources for education, academics with a desire to maintain discipline integrity, industry which requires graduates able to increase economic competitiveness and students who wish to improve their own position in the new South Africa will require a sensitive resolution. A similar debate in the United Kingdom has led to many recent developments in undergraduate skills teaching. Considers these changes and reviews the benefits and problems which have arisen to provide a useful contrast to the situation currently facing South Africa. Argues that the appropriate development of skills can help to achieve academic benefits as well as making students better able to meet the needs of industry. Suggests that student learning can be enhanced and that drop‐out rates in an expanding mass educational system can be reduced. Highlights the ability of students to better utilize their knowledge in industry.
Enhancing the written communication skills of undergraduate students
Authors: Monks Kathy
Published: July 2002

Reports on the development of a writing skills module for first‐year undergraduate business students in Dublin City University Business School. Details how students complete a series of assignments which aim to improve their writing skills, their understanding of library information systems and their ability to evaluate their own work. Describes the module, which introduces students to both academic and business writing, and they complete an essay, an examination answer, a business letter and an evaluation of a report. Points out that the course is integrated with a computing skills module and students must word process all assignments. Explains that the course has been developed over a number of years and is one of a package of skills which students acquire as part of their undergraduate degree programme.
More knowledge, new knowledge: the impact on education and training
Authors: Bourner Tom
Published: July 2002

Reflects on the changes in the fields of education and training over the 40 years in which the journal “Education + Training” has been in existence. In view of the enormity of this task focuses on the issue of acceleration in the rate of generation of new knowledge. Argues that this is acceleration is not taken seriously enough and aims to redress the balance by addressing three implications which, in the author′s view, are most significant: that new knowledge is often tentative and unproved and should be tested carefully; that much new knowledge is ephemeral; and that much knowledge required for problem solving is context‐specific and cannot easily be generalized. Examines how each of these affects organizations in general and universities in particular, focusing on the changing views of research degrees and research skills.
Employability or learning? Groupwork in higher education
Authors: Mutch Alistair
Published: July 2002

An evaluation of the use of learning sets, supported by an electronic mailing list, on a level 2 research module on a Business Information Systems undergraduate degree, raises issues about the place of group work in higher education. Two models are discussed: a team‐based one, aimed largely at preparing students for employment and a group‐based one, aimed primarily at supporting the learning process. Confusion between the two is seen to parallel a blurring in workplace practice and to result in a lack of clarity on the part of both students and staff. The wider use of groups for learning is commended, but clarity on the role and purpose of group work is urged.
Enterprising futures: training and education for small businesses
Authors: Clarke Julia , Gibson‐Sweet Monica
Published: July 2002

The abilities and skills of employees will be crucial to the prosperity of small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and there is some evidence that graduates may have an important role to play in improving performance. This paper examines how the Department of Business Studies at the Manchester Metropolitan University investigated the relevance of its provision to SMEs.The provision is generally perceived as relevant and could be quickly enhanced through the use of guest speakers and case studies. Future changes could include a named route through the existing programmes or the development of a dedicated course. More flexible methods of delivery should be investigated. A gap in the academic literature has been identified and appropriate theoretical material needs to be developed. However, the tension between theory and practice needs to be acknowledged in designing teaching/learning strategies. Short courses in basic skills, particularly in relation to IT, may help some SME students.