bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling and natural killer cell infiltration in tumor tissues underlie medulloblastoma prognosis
Authors: Liang Kung-Hao , Chang Che-Chang , Wu Kuo-Sheng , Yu Alice L. , Sung Shian-Ying , Lee Yi-Yen , Liang Muh-Lii , Chen Hsin-Hung , Fen Jun-Jeng , Chao Meng-En , Liao Yi-Ting , Wong Tai-Tong
Published: December 2021

Medulloblastoma is the most common embryonic brain tumor in children. We investigated a cohort of 52 Asian medulloblastoma patients aged between 0 and 19 years old, who received surgical resections and post-resection treatments in the Taipei Medical University Hospital and the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Genome-wide RNA sequencing was performed on fresh-frozen surgical tissues. These data were analyzed using the CIBERSORTx immune deconvolution software. Two external clinical and molecular datasets from United States (n = 62) and Canada (n = 763) were used to evaluate the transferability of the gene-signature scores across ethnic populations. The abundance of 13 genes, including DLL1, are significantly associated with overall survival (All Cox regression P < 0.001). A gene-signature score was derived from the deep transcriptome, capable of indicating patients’ subsequent tumor recurrence (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.645, confidence interval [CI] 1.337–2.025, P < 0.001) and mortality (HR 2.720, CI 1.798–4.112, P < 0.001). After the adjustment of baseline clinical factors, the score remains indicative of recurrence-free survival (HR 1.604, CI 1.292–1.992, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR 2.781, CI 1.762–4.390, P < 0.001). Patients stratified by this score manifest not only distinct prognosis but also different molecular characteristics: Notch signaling ligands and receptors are comparatively overexpressed in patients with poorer prognosis, while tumor infiltrating natural killer cells are more abundant in patients with better prognosis. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining showed the DLL1 protein, a major ligand in the Notch signaling pathway, and the NCAM1 protein, a representative biomarker of natural killer cells, are present in the surgical tissues of patients of four molecular subgroups, WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. NCAM1 RNA level is also positively associated with the mutation burden in tumor (P = 0.023). The gene-signature score is validated successfully in the Canadian cohort (P = 0.009) as well as its three molecular subgroups (SHH, Group 3 and Group 4; P = 0.047, 0.018 and 0.040 respectively). In conclusion, pediatric medullablastoma patients can be stratified by gene-signature scores with distinct prognosis and molecular characteristics. Ligands and receptors of the Notch signaling pathway are overexpressed in the patient stratum with poorer prognosis. Tumor infiltrating natural killer cells are more abundant in the patient stratum with better prognosis.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of cough transport in an aircraft cabin
Authors: Zee Malia , Davis Angela C. , Clark Andrew D. , Wu Tateh , Jones Stephen P. , Waite Lindsay L. , Cummins Joshua J. , Olson Nels A.
Published: December 2021

To characterize the transport of respiratory pathogens during commercial air travel, Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were performed to track particles expelled by coughing by a passenger assigned to different seats on a Boeing 737 aircraft. Simulation data were post-processed to calculate the amounts of particles inhaled by nearby passengers. Different airflow rates were used, as well as different initial conditions to account for random fluctuations of the flow field. Overall, 80% of the particles were removed from the cabin in 1.3–2.6 min, depending on conditions, and 95% of the particles were removed in 2.4–4.6 min. Reducing airflow increased particle dispersion throughout the cabin but did not increase the highest exposure of nearby passengers. The highest exposure was 0.3% of the nonvolatile mass expelled by the cough, and the median exposure for seats within 3 feet of the cough discharge was 0.1%, which was in line with recent experimental testing.
Experiences in treatment of multiple sclerosis with natalizumab from a real-life cohort over 15 years
Authors: Auer Michael , Zinganell Anne , Hegen Harald , Bsteh Gabriel , Di Pauli Franziska , Berek Klaus , Fava Elena , Wurth Sebastian , Berger Thomas , Deisenhammer Florian
Published: December 2021

Natalizumab (NTZ) has been used for treatment of highly active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). When stopping NTZ the risk of severe rebound phenomenon has to be considered. We aimed to investigate the use of NTZ in clinical routine and focused on identification of potential risk factors for disease reactivation after treatment discontinuation. At the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, we identified all MS patients who were treated with NTZ and performed a retrospective analysis on therapeutic decision making, disease course before, during and after treatment with NTZ and on risk factors for disease reactivation after NTZ discontinuation. 235 NTZ treated MS patients were included, of whom 105 had discontinued treatment. At NTZ start disease duration was 5.09 (IQR 2.09–10.57) years, average number of total relapses was 4 (IQR 3–6) and median EDSS 2.0 (range 0–6.5), whereby these values significantly decreased over time. Reduction of annualized relapse rate (ARR) on treatment was 93% and EDSS remained stable in 64%. In multivariate regression models only conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) on treatment was significantly associated with lower risk of disease reactivation after NTZ, while ARR before treatment was associated with earlier disease reactivation. We could confirm the high therapeutic efficacy of NTZ which trends to be used earlier in the disease course nowadays. Discontinuation of NTZ seems safe only in patients who convert to SPMS during treatment, while higher ARR before NTZ increases the risk of disease reactivation after treatment discontinuation.
On the transience or stability of subthreshold psychopathology
Authors: Schreuder Marieke J. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Groen Robin N. , Wichers Marieke , Hartman Catharina A.
Published: December 2021

Symptoms of psychopathology lie on a continuum ranging from mental health to psychiatric disorders. Although much research has focused on progression along this continuum, for most individuals, subthreshold symptoms do not escalate into full-blown disorders. This study investigated how the stability of psychopathological symptoms (attractor strength) varies across severity levels (homebase). Data were retrieved from the TRAILS TRANS-ID study, where 122 at-risk young adults (mean age 23.6 years old, 57% males) monitored their mental states daily for a period of six months (± 183 observations per participant). We estimated each individual’s homebase and attractor strength using generalized additive mixed models. Regression analyses showed no association between homebases and attractor strengths (linear model: B = 0.02, p = 0.47, R2 < 0.01; polynomial model: B < 0.01, p = 0.61, R2 < 0.01). Sensitivity analyses where we (1) weighed estimates according to their uncertainty and (2) removed individuals with a DSM-5 diagnosis from the analyses did not change this finding. This suggests that stability is similar across severity levels, implying that subthreshold psychopathology may resemble a stable state rather than a transient intermediate between mental health and psychiatric disorder. Our study thus provides additional support for a dimensional view on psychopathology, which implies that symptoms differ in degree rather than kind.
Low parasite connectivity among three malaria hotspots in Thailand
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Han , Chang Meng-Chun , Kiang Mathew , Mahmud Ayesha S. , Ekapirat Nattwut , Engø-Monsen Kenth , Sudathip Prayuth , Buckee Caroline O. , Maude Richard J.
Published: December 2021

Identifying sources and sinks of malaria transmission is critical for designing effective intervention strategies particularly as countries approach elimination. The number of malaria cases in Thailand decreased 90% between 2012 and 2020, yet elimination has remained a major public health challenge with persistent transmission foci and ongoing importation. There are three main hotspots of malaria transmission in Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket in the Northeast; Tak in the West; and Yala in the South. However, the degree to which these hotspots are connected via travel and importation has not been well characterized. Here, we develop a metapopulation model parameterized by mobile phone call detail record data to estimate parasite flow among these regions. We show that parasite connectivity among these regions was limited, and that each of these provinces independently drove the malaria transmission in nearby provinces. Overall, our results suggest that due to the low probability of domestic importation between the transmission hotspots, control and elimination strategies can be considered separately for each region.
Sinonasal quality of life in patients after an endoscopic endonasal surgery of a sellar tumour
Authors: Novák Vlastimil , Hrabálek L. , Hoza J. , C.Hučko  , Pohlodek D. , Macura J.
Published: December 2021

Endoscopic endonasal approach uses the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to access the cranial base and may be a source of post-surgical morbidity in many patients with a sellar tumour. The objective of the presented study was to evaluate sinonasal quality of life and assess the effect of chosen reconstruction of the cranial base on the final condition. 65 patients, 33 male and 32 female who underwent an endoscopic endonasal surgery due to sellar expansion, were included into this prospective study. Sinonasal quality of life was evaluated using the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire before the surgery and six months after the surgery. Sinonasal quality of life was evaluated for the total cohort of patients and for patients after reconstruction (fascia lata, muscle) and without reconstruction. The minimum follow-up period was one year. There was no significant difference between the score (SNOT-22) before the surgery (average 14.4 points) and after the surgery (average 17.5 points), p = 0.067 in the whole cohort. Statistically significant differences were found in the following items—the need to blow nose, nasal congestion, loss of smell and taste, and thick discharge from the nose. The comparison of subgroups with and without the reconstruction yielded statistically significant differences in favour of patients with reconstruction in the following items—lack of high-quality sleep and feeling exhaustion. The endoscopic endonasal approach in patients with a sellar tumour is a gentle method with minimal effects on sinonasal quality of life over a period longer than six months. The most common complaints are the need to blow nose, nasal congestion, loss of smell and taste, and thick discharge from the nose. Cranial base reconstruction using the muscle and fascia lata seems to be a potential factor positively influencing sinonasal quality of life.
On the use of aggregated human mobility data to estimate the reproduction number
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Lambert David , Palatella Luigi , Grigolini Paolo
Published: December 2021

The reproduction number of an infectious disease, such as CoViD-19, can be described through a modified version of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with time-dependent contact rate, where mobility data are used as proxy of average movement trends and interpersonal distances. We introduce a theoretical framework to explain and predict changes in the reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 in terms of aggregated individual mobility and interpersonal proximity (alongside other epidemiological and environmental variables) during and after the lockdown period. We use an infection-age structured model described by a renewal equation. The model predicts the evolution of the reproduction number up to a week ahead of well-established estimates used in the literature. We show how lockdown policies, via reduction of proximity and mobility, reduce the impact of CoViD-19 and mitigate the risk of disease resurgence. We validate our theoretical framework using data from Google, Voxel51, Unacast, The CoViD-19 Mobility Data Network, and Analisi Distribuzione Aiuti.
LEDitSHAKE: a lighting system to optimize the secondary metabolite content of plant cell suspension cultures
Authors: Beuel Ann-Katrin , Jablonka Natalia , Heesel Julia , Severin Kevin , Spiegel Holger , Rasche Stefan
Published: December 2021

Plant secondary metabolites are widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. They can be extracted from sterile grown plant cell suspension cultures, but yields and quality strongly depend on the cultivation environment, including optimal illumination. Current shaking incubators do not allow different light wavelengths, intensities and photoperiods to be tested in parallel. We therefore developed LEDitSHAKE, a system for multiplexed customized illumination within a single shaking incubator. We used 3D printing to integrate light-emitting diode assemblies into flask housings, allowing 12 different lighting conditions (spectrum, intensity and photoperiod) to be tested simultaneously. We did a proof of principle of LEDitSHAKE using the system to optimize anthocyanin production in grapevine cell suspension cultures. The effect of 24 different light compositions on the total anthocyanin content of grapevine cell suspension cultures was determined using a Design of Experiments approach. We predicted the optimal lighting conditions for the upregulation and downregulation of 30 anthocyanins and found that short-wavelength light (blue, UV) maximized the concentration of most anthocyanins, whereas long-wavelength light (red) had the opposite effect. Therefore our results demonstrate proof of principle that the LEDitSHAKE system is suitable for the optimization of processes based on plant cell suspension cultures.
Electrospun tube reduces adhesion in rabbit Achilles tendon 12 weeks post-surgery without PAR-2 overexpression
Authors: Bürgisser Gabriella Meier , Evrova Olivera , Heuberger Dorothea M. , Wolint Petra , Rieber Julia , Miescher Iris , Schüpbach Reto A. , Giovanoli Pietro , Calcagni Maurizio , Buschmann Johanna
Published: December 2021

One great challenge in surgical tendon repair is the minimization of peritendinous adhesions. An electrospun tube can serve as a physical barrier around a conventionally sutured tendon. Six New Zealand White rabbits had one Achilles tendon fully transsected and sutured by a 4-strand suture. Another six rabbits had the same treatment, but with the additional electrospun DegraPol tube set around the sutured tendon. The adhesion formation to the surrounding tissue was investigated 12 weeks post-operation. Moreover, inflammation-related protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) protein expression was assessed. Finally, rabbit Achilles tenocyte cultures were exposed to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), which mimicks the tendon healing environment, where PAR-2 gene expression was assessed as well as immunofluorescent staining intensity for F-actin and α-tubulin, respectively. At 12 weeks post-operation, the partially degraded DegraPol tube exhibited significantly lower adhesion formation (− 20%). PAR-2 protein expression was similar for time points 3 and 6 weeks, but increased at 12 weeks post-operation. In vitro cell culture experiments showed a significantly higher PAR-2 gene expression on day 3 after exposure to PDGF-BB, but not on day 7. The cytoskeleton of the tenocytes changed upon PDGF-BB stimulation, with signs of reorganization, and significantly decreased F-actin intensity. An electrospun DegraPol tube significantly reduces adhesion up to twelve weeks post-operation. At this time point, the tube is partially degraded, and a slight PAR-2 increase was detected in the DP treated tendons, which might however arise from particles of degrading DegraPol that were stained dark brown. PAR-2 gene expression in rabbit tenocytes reveals sensitivity at around day 10 after injury.
Ultrasonographic assessment of renal perfusion in bitches with mammary carcinoma treated with long-term carprofen
Authors: Vargas Estrada Cristhian Rene , Firmo Bruna Fernanda , Belchior Vela Daniele , Maronezi Marjury Cristina , Ramirez Uscategui Ricardo Andrés , Gasser Beatriz , Rossi Feliciano Marcus Antônio , Pavan Letícia , Nogueira Aires Luiz Paulo , Piovan Lima Gabriela , De Nardi Andrigo Barboza
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate renal hemodynamics, routine clinical and laboratory parameters used to estimate renal function, and clinical evolution during six months in bitches with mammary carcinomas that underwent mastectomy and were treated (TG) or not (CG) with carprofen for three months after surgery. Twenty-six bitches with mammary carcinoma were equally distributed into TG that received carprofen 4.4 mg/kg/day for 90 days and CG that did not receive anti-inflammatory medication. Renal artery Doppler flowmetry, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of renal parenchyma, haematological, biochemical and clinical analyses were obtained once a month. These data were compared between groups and time via analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design with repeated measures (P < 0.05). On B-mode ultrasound, the area of the renal artery was greater (P = 0.0003) in the TG. Regarding laboratory findings, haematocrit and haemoglobin were similar in both groups, showing a significant and gradual increase after three months of treatment; MCV, MHC, and MCHC were increased (P < 0.05) and lymphocyte and band counts decreased (P < 0.05) in the TG. Regarding biochemical tests, ALT was the only parameter with a significant difference, being higher (P = 0.0272) in the treated group. It can be concluded that the use of carprofen for 90 days causes minimal changes in renal perfusion, erythrocyte parameters and ALT activity, and reduces the proportion of blood inflammatory cells. Therefore, use of this medication can be carried out safely in patients who require auxiliary cancer treatment.
Ecological changes have driven biotic exchanges across the Indian Ocean
Authors: Bernardes Samuel C. , von Rintelen Kristina , von Rintelen Thomas , Pepato Almir R. , Page Timothy J. , de Bruyn Mark
Published: December 2021

The Indian Ocean has a complex geological history that has drawn the attention of naturalists for almost a century now. Due to its tectonic history, many geological elements and processes have been evoked to explain the exchange of species between landmasses. Here, we revisited previous studies on twenty-three taxa to investigate trends across time since the Gondwana breakup. We investigated these datasets by applying a time-calibrated Bayesian framework to them and reconstructing their ancestral ranges. We conclude that ecological transformations have presented opportunities for the establishment of migrants. The role of donating and receiving migrants has shifted several times according to these transformations. Time-specific trends show weak evidence for the stepping-stones commonly suggested as physical routes between landmasses. However, before its collision with Asia, India may have served as an intermediary for such exchanges.
Association between pulse pressure and progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Maeda Toshiki , Yokota Soichiro , Nishi Takumi , Funakoshi Shunsuke , Tsuji Masayoshi , Satoh Atsushi , Abe Makiko , Kawazoe Miki , Yoshimura Chikara , Tada Kazuhiro , Takahashi Koji , Ito Kenji , Yasuno Tetsuhiko , Yamanokuchi Toshitaka , Iwanaga Kazuyo , Morinaga Akiko , Maki Kaori , Ueno Tamami , Masutani Kousuke , Mukoubara Shigeaki , Arima Hisatomi
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pulse pressure (PP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among the general population in Japan. We conducted a population-based cohort study of the residents of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan, from 2008 to 2018. We identified 1042 participants who had CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of proteinuria) at baseline. Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between PP and progression of CKD. During a 4.66-year mean follow-up, there were 241 cases of CKD progression (incident rate: 49.8 per 1000 person-years). A significant increase existed in CKD progression per 10 mmHg of PP elevation, even when adjusted for confounding factors [adjusted hazard ratio 1.17 (1.06–1.29) p < 0.001]. Similar results were obtained even after dividing PP into quartiles [Q2: 1.14 (0.74–1.76), Q3: 1.35 (0.88–2.06), Q4: 1.87 (1.23–2.83) p = 0.003 for trend]. This trend did not change significantly irrespective of baseline systolic or diastolic blood pressures. PP remained a potential predictive marker, especially for eGFR decline. In conclusion, we found a significant association between PP and CKD progression. PP might be a potential predictive marker for CKD progression.
Optimization of entrapment efficiency and release of clindamycin in microsponge based gel
Authors: KHATTAB ALAA , Nattouf Abdulhakim
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to formulate clindamycin (CLN) as a microsponge based gel to release the drug in a controlled manner and reduce the side effects in the treatment of acne. Since this method requires poor water solubility of the drug to be loaded in particles, therefore, conversion of the hydrochloride salt to free base was done. By using an emulsion solvent diffusion method, we made six different formulations of microsponges containing CLN-free base by changing the proportions of polymer, emulsifier and the pH of the external phase. These formulations were studied for physical characterization and for drug- polymer interactions. The physical characterization showed that microsponge formulations coded by C5, C6 resulted in a better loading efficiency and production yield and their particle size was less than 30 µm. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the microsponges porous and spherical. C5, C6 microsponge formulation was prepared as gel in Carbopol and in vitro evaluated. The microsponge formulation gel C8 was found to be optimized. C8 released 90.38% of drug over 12 h and showed viscosity 20,157 ± 38 cp, pH of 6.3 ± 0.09 and drug content of 99.64 ± 0.04%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed no significant interactions between excipients and drug.
Fetal monitoring from 39 weeks’ gestation to identify South Asian-born women at risk of perinatal compromise: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stone Rebecca , Palmer Kirsten , Wallace Euan M. , Davey Mary-Ann , Hodges Ryan , Davies-Tuck Miranda
Published: December 2021

To investigate whether earlier “post-term” monitoring of South Asian (SA) pregnancies from 39 weeks’ gestation with amniotic fluid index (AFI) and cardiotocography (CTG) detected suspected fetal compromise. Retrospective cohort study of all SA-born women at an Australian health service with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies following the introduction of twice-weekly AFI and CTG monitoring from 39 weeks. Monitoring results, and their association with a perinatal compromise composite (including assisted delivery for fetal compromise, stillbirth, and NICU admission) were determined. 771 SA-born women had earlier monitoring, triggering delivery in 82 (10.6%). 31 (4%) had a non-reassuring antepartum CTG (abnormal fetal heart rate or variability, or decelerations) and 21 (2.7%) had an abnormal AFI (≤ 5 cm). Women with abnormal monitoring were 53% (95% CI 1.2–1.9) more likely to experience perinatal compromise and 83% (95% CI 1.2–2.9) more likely to experience intrapartum compromise than women with normal monitoring. Monitoring from 39 weeks identified possible fetal compromise earlier than it otherwise would have been, and triggered intervention in 10% of women. Without robust evidence to guide timing of birth in SA-born women to reduce rates of stillbirth, earlier monitoring provides an alternative to routine induction of labour.
Analysis of site and structure specific core fucosylation in liver cirrhosis using exoglycosidase-assisted data-independent LC-MS/MS
Authors: Sanda Miloslav , Ahn Jaeil , Kozlik Petr , Goldman Radoslav
Published: December 2021

Carbohydrates form one of the major groups of biological macromolecules in living organisms. Many biological processes including protein folding, stability, immune response, and receptor activation are regulated by glycosylation. Fucosylation of proteins regulates such processes and is associated with various diseases including autoimmunity and cancer. Mass spectrometry efficiently identifies structures of fucosylated glycans or sites of core fucosylated N-glycopeptides but quantification of the glycopeptides remains less explored. We performed experiments that facilitate quantitative analysis of the core fucosylation of proteins with partial structural resolution of the glycans and we present results of the mass spectrometric SWATH-type DIA analysis of relative abundances of the core fucosylated glycoforms of 45 glycopeptides to their nonfucosylated glycoforms derived from 18 serum proteins in liver disease of different etiologies. Our results show that a combination of soft fragmentation with exoglycosidases is efficient at the assignment and quantification of the core fucosylated N-glycoforms at specific sites of protein attachment. In addition, our results show that disease-associated changes in core fucosylation are peptide-dependent and further differ by branching of the core fucosylated glycans. Further studies are needed to verify whether tri- and tetra-antennary core fucosylated glycopeptides could be used as markers of liver disease progression.
A new method for evaluating air quality using an ideal grey close function cluster correlation analysis method
Authors: Ren Xiaoling , Luo Zhenfu , Qin Shuyu , Shu Xinqian , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: December 2021

To scientifically and reasonably evaluate air quality with a large amount of monitored data, this paper proposes a new evaluation method called ideal grey close function cluster correlation analysis (IGCFCCA). Taking the air quality in Ningxia Province, China, as an example, according to China’s air quality standard, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 are selected as evaluation indexes to perform the evaluation. The results show that the air quality in this region in 2018 can be divided into three classifications, among which the relatively poor air quality in March, April and May is the first classification, the better air quality in August and September is the third classification, and the air quality in other months falls under the second classification. Correlation analysis is used to qualitatively determine that these three classifications correspond to first-level air quality in China’s air quality standard, and the correlation degree, which is the distance between the three classifications and the first-level air quality, is quantitatively determined. Specifically, the correlation degrees of the first-classification, second-classification and third-classification of air quality are 0.674, 0.697 and 0.71, respectively. The research results indicate potential directions and objectives for air quality management to achieve scientific management.
A nickel hydroxide platform prepared on a hydroxyl-enriched screen-printed carbon electrode for oxidative electrocatalysis
Authors: Neerajaa Sithini T. , Thiyagasundaram T. , Zen J.-M.
Published: December 2021

We report here the preparation of an activation-free Ni electrode through enrichment of hydroxyl functional groups via a base-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction on a “preanodized” screen printed carbon electrode.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of ruthenium polypyridine complexes with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xiong Yanshi , Cheng Jianxin , Tan Yanhui , Liao Xiangwen , Wang Jintao
Published: December 2021

Four new Ru(ii) complexes with GA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These complexes showed significant antibacterial ability against S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo.
Elevating the p-band centre of SnO2nanosheets through W incorporation for promoting CO2electroreduction
Authors: Fang Dong , Zhang Linlin , Niu Yongjian , Wang Yuanyuan , Su Qingxiao , Wang Jiao , Wang Cheng
Published: December 2021

The p-band center of SnO2nanosheets was elevated through W incorporation. As a result, the CO2adsorption capability was enhanced and the activation energy barrier was lowered, hence promoting CO2electroreduction to HCOOH.
Enhancing the temperature sensitivity of Cr3+ emissions by modification of the host's composition for fluorescence thermometry applications
Authors: Shi Meiling , Yao Leqi , Yu Shijie , Dong Yan , Shao Qiyue
Published: December 2021

Modification of the host's composition can increase the energy gap of thermally-coupled 4T2 and 2E levels of Cr3+ and enhance the temperature sensitivity of LnAl3(BO3)4:Cr3+ (Ln = Gd, Y, and Lu) phosphors.
Remarkable near-infrared chiroptical properties of chiral Yb, Tm and Er complexes
Authors: Willis Oliver G. , Zinna Francesco , Pescitelli Gennaro , Micheletti Cosimo , Di Bari Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

Two sets of Yb, Tm and Er chiral complexes reveal remarkable absorption (CD) and emission (CPL) chiroptical properties in the NIR region.
Deoxy sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation
Authors: Marino Carla , Bordoni Andrea V.
Published: December 2021

The methods for the synthesis of deoxy sugars, involving deoxygenation and glycosidation, give access to useful molecules for multiple purposes.
In situ etching strategy to construct yolk–shell CoSe2@NiCoSe4-NC heterostructures for high-performance sodium ion battery
Authors: Liang Huajian , Li Xiaotong , Liu Zhiting , Yang Wei , Liu Xinlong , Zhang Yufei , Fan Haosen
Published: December 2021

Yolk–shell structure CoSe2@NiCoSe4-NC has been synthesized through in situ etching and subsequent selenization process of the ZIF-67, which exhibits excellent rate capability and outstanding cycle stability for sodium-ion battery anode.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate modulates the structure and rheological properties of Pluronic F108–poly(acrylic acid) coacervates)
Authors: Gong Ziyuan , Zacharia Nicole S. , Vogt Bryan D.
Published: December 2021

Inclusion of SDS in Pluronic–poly(acrylic acid) coacervates alters the structure and controls their rheological properties.
Drag force of polyethyleneglycol in flows of polymer solutions measured using a scanning probe microscope
Authors: Hidema Ruri , Fujito Ken-ya , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

The drag force of polyethyleneglycol thiol (mPEG–SH) attached to a cantilever probe in the flows of glycerol and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solutions was measured.
Tuning of silica nanoparticle–lysozyme protein complexes in the presence of the SDS surfactant
Authors: Saha Debasish , Kumar Sugam , Ray Debes , Mata Jitendra P. , Whitten Andrew E. , Aswal Vinod K.
Published: December 2021

Tuning of silica nanoparticles–lysozyme protein complexes in presence of SDS surfactant, have been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
High-throughput computation of novel ternary B–C–N structures and carbon allotropes with electronic-level insights into superhard materials from machine learning
Authors: Al-Fahdi Mohammed , Ouyang Tao , Hu Ming
Published: December 2021

Novel carbon allotropes and ternary B–C–N structures with ultrahigh hardness were screened and proposed by high-throughput computation. Electronic-level insights into superhard materials were provided from machine learning.
Sol–gel-derived hard coatings from tetraethoxysilane and organoalkoxysilanes bearing zwitterionic and isothiazolinone groups and their antifouling behaviors
Authors: Tan Jinyan , Liang Xiao , Yang Jinlong , Zhou Shuxue
Published: December 2021

Hard antifouling coatings bearing zwitterionic groups, antibacterial groups, and both of them are fabricated by a sol–gel process, and their antifouling behaviors are investigated.
A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1
Authors: Ritchie B. W. , Clark J. S. , Negueruela I. , Najarro F.
Published: December 2021

Context. The galactic cluster Westerlund 1 contains a rich population of evolved, massive stars. A high binary fraction has been inferred from previous multi-wavelength observations.

Aims. We use multi-epoch spectroscopy of a large sample of early-type stars in Westerlund 1 to identify new binaries and binary candidates in the cluster.

Methods. VLT/FLAMES was used with the GIRAFFE spectrograph in HR21 mode to obtain spectra of ∼100 OB stars over a 14-month baseline in 2008 and 2009, supplemented with follow-up observations in 2011 and 2013. Radial velocities were obtained from strong Paschen series absorption lines in the I-band.

Results. We identify 20 new OB I–III binaries, a WN9h binary, and a WC9d binary, greatly increasing the number of directly confirmed binary systems in Westerlund 1, while 12 O9−9.5 Iab−III stars are identified as candidate binaries based on radial velocity changes that are inconsistent with photospheric variability. The 173.9 day SB1 W1030 represents the first longer-period system identified in the cluster, while the determination of a 53.95 day period for W44 (WR L) makes it the first Wolf-Rayet binary in Westerlund 1 with a confirmed orbital period greater than ten days. Our results suggest the binary fraction in the OB population is at least ∼40%, and may be significantly higher.

Conclusions. These results demonstrate that binary systems can be effectively identified in the population of OB I−III stars evolving off the main sequence in Westerlund 1. Future multi-epoch surveys will be able to fully characterise this population.
The ecological framework as part of the land and property complex of an industrial city (on the example of an urban district of Tobolsk)
Authors: Litvinenko N.V. , Evtushkova E.P. , Ogneva Yu.E.
Published: December 2021

In modern urban conditions with intensive industrial production affecting the life and health of people, the authorities of many cities have thought about holding activities aimed at improving the ecological component of the urban environment. One of such activities may be the creation or improvement of the ecological framework of the city. This article discusses the features of the ecological framework in the industrial city of Tobolsk. A number of tasks that are faced by the City Administration were formulated; those must be solved using sound reconstruction methods of urban territorial and functional structures. The role of the ecological framework of the urban area is considered as the possibility of avoiding the environmental problems’ emergence and preserving the ability of the territorial system as an independent land and property complex to develop.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the fungicidal effect of drugs against pathogens of cultivated grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Rakhmaeva Adelya , Nikitin Evgeny , Terenzhev Dmitry , Sharonova Natalia , Beybulatov Magomedsaygid
Published: December 2021

The Vitis vinifera L. cultural grape includes many varieties that are highly valued in winemaking and viticulture, as raw materials for the production of fresh and dried berries, for the production of wines. The fruits of cultural grapes play an important role in medicine, where they are used as a source of substances with high antioxidant activity. Grapes are often affected by phytopathogenic fungal infections. In recent years, a large number of reports have appeared in the literature about the acquisition of resistance of microorganisms to industrial pesticide preparations, which in turn leads to an increase in drug doses, the multiplicity of treatments and the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment and in the plants themselves. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicidal action of industrial preparations and plant extracts in relation to two native species of fungi (V1 and V2) isolated from the leaves of cultivated Vitis vinifera L. grapes, as well as against the phytopathogen Alternaria solani K-100054. Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were detected for each sample. Ethanol extracts of plants showed low antimycotic activity in relation to fungi cultures isolated from grapes. Activity started from 0.0625%. The best result among industrial fungicides was shown by the drug “Maxim”, whose MIC values was 0.097 μg/mL, and the MFC varies between 3.125-12.5 μg/mL for pathogens V1 and V2, respectively.
The yeast on the grape berry surface influenced by climatic factors
Authors: Yao Meiling , Wang Fei , Breahna Elizaveta , Arpentin Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

Republic Moldova is a country with long history of winemaking. Understanding the microorganism on the grape surface is very important to the winemaking process, and it's also a national strategy of development of the wine industry. In this study, twenty seven samples from three regions and three vintages in Republic of Moldova were studied. The conventional microbiological methods combine with molecular methods (PCR-DGGE) have been used for study the quantity and the quality of microbes. The result show that the yeast population on the berries are variable in different vintages, and in the climatic factors, the Cool nigt index (CI) affect the yeast most. From the identification result, A.Pullulans and R.glutins are two culture which are easy to be found on the Moldova grapes. The autochthonous S.cerevisiae also been identified, but it shows a different results from different vintages.
The main directions in the implementation of organic agriculture
Authors: Zuev N.P. , Shvetsov N.N. , Breslavets Y.P. , Shumsky V.A. , Masalykina Y.P.
Published: December 2021

Measures for the introduction of organic agriculture, along with the use of appropriate techniques in agriculture, imply the rejection of the use of chemical-synthetic growth regulators or hormones; limited, strictly tied to the area, livestock; feeding animals, if possible, with their own feed, minimum purchase of feed and avoiding antibiotics. However, there is currently no way to permanently stop using antibiotics. Therefore, a gradual decrease in doses, frequency and timing of their application is relevant. The work is devoted to the implementation of this direction. A synergistic relationship of gentamicin and tylosin was established with an increase in the efficiency of using the created composite preparation with a decrease in the dose and the possibility of the formation of drug-resistant populations of bacteria - causative agents of animal diseases.
Current state of innovative development of Russian wine
Authors: Efremova Angelika , Shevchenko Elena , Oshovskaya Natalia , Kaminskaya Anna , Finogentova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article provides a retrospective study of the development of the innovative state of the country’s wine industry. The negative moments of the past and prospects for further development are indicated. The main southern regions of Russia, which are famous for the cultivation of grapes and the production of wine, are considered. A comparative assessment of the wine-making industry of the southern regions of Russia with neighboring regions is carried out. The characteristics of the largest wine-making enterprises of the Republic of Crimea, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region are given. The dynamics of wine production in the Republic of Crimea for the period 2013-2019 is given. The analysis of the results of the impact of scientific and technological progress, namely: the work of innovation centers aimed at training qualified personnel, winemakers, which will help improve the results of the economic activities of winemaking enterprises. Examples of such work in European countries are given.
Using of autochthonous grape varieties in the production of sparkling wines
Authors: Makarov Alexander , Lutkov Igor , Shmigelskaya Natalia , Maksimovskaia Victoria , Sivochoub Galina
Published: December 2021

In order to increase the production of original and recognizable sparkling wines, base wines from autochthonous grape varieties can be used for their preparation. Based on the studied basic and advanced physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, it was concluded about the possibility of using autochthonous grape varieties - ‘Makhrovatchic’, ‘Tsimlyanskii Belyi’, ‘Tsimladar’, ‘Kefesiya’, ‘Kokur Krasnyi’ and ‘Chernyi Krymskii’ - for production of high-quality sparkling wines. The relationships of the phenolic complex components with the parameters of sparkling wines, characterizing their appearance, was established, so for white sparkling wines - mass concentration of polymeric forms of phenolic substances with yellowness index (r = 0.925); for red ones - mass concentration of monomeric forms of phenolic compounds and mass concentration of coloring agents with the index of color intensity r = 0.580 and r = 0.786, respectively; for white and red sparkling wines - mass concentration of polymeric forms of phenolic substances with a maximum foam volume (r = 0.628). It was also noted as a positive factor that all samples accumulated a sufficient amount of the bound CO2 (not less than 8% of the total bottle content.
Characteristics of the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collection by content and component composition of essential oil
Authors: Zolotilova O.M. , Nevkrytaya N.V. , Zolotilov W.A. , Ametova E.D. , Novikov I.A.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collection by the content and component composition of essential oil. The study was carried out in 2017-2019. The collection is located in the experimental site of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, located in the Crimea Foothill (Krymskaya Roza village) in accordance with the developed methods. The component composition of F. vulgare essential oil was determined by the method of gas chromatography on the “Crystal 5000.2”. It was found that the essential oil content in mature F. vulgare fruits amounted to the average of 5,88± 0.10%, which was higher than in the green plants’ material - 2,36± 0.06%. The main component of the essential oil is anethole. The anethole content in essential oil from fruits was higher than from the green plants’ material: 64.9-84.3% and 33.5-74.6%, respectively. 66.0% of the analyzed samples corresponded to ISO 17412:2007 requirements. Essential oil from the green plants’ material contained more α-phellandrene compared to essential oil from fruits: 1.5-19.9% and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. According to the research results, 9 promising samples with a high content of essential oil in fruits - from 6,52 ± 0.88 to 8,10± 0.91% were distinguished.
A spherical rearrangement proof of the stability of a Riesz-type inequality and an application to an isoperimetric type problem
Authors: Ascione Giacomo
Published: December 2021

We prove the stability of the ball as global minimizer of an attractive shape functional under volume constraint, by means of mass transportation arguments. The stability exponent is 1∕2 and it is sharp. Moreover, we use such stability result together with the quantitative (possibly fractional) isoperimetric inequality to prove that the ball is a global minimizer of a shape functional involving both an attractive and a repulsive term with a sufficiently large fixed volume and with a suitable (possibly fractional) perimeter penalization.
Shear resistance of prestressed concrete beams with the constant and variable height
Authors: Krivitskiy Pavel , Matweenko Nikifor , Malinovskiy Vasilij , Matweenko Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

One of the methods of increasing the efficiency of using prestressed reinforcement involves transferring a certain amount of longitudinal tensioned reinforcement from the tensile zone in the span to the upper compressed zone on the support, where it is not fully used to ensure the bending resistance. More effective may be a solution in which, due to the broken outline along the length of the element, the pre-stressed tendons are arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis, creating vertical compression of the support zone and increasing the beam shear resistance. In this study presented information about stress-strain state of prestressed concrete straight and curved beams based on the experimental investigations.
Estimation of the pull-off resistance models of reinforced concrete structures by a numerical method
Authors: Shalabyta Mikalai , Matweenko Elizabeth , Matweenko Nikifor , Rakhuba Valery
Published: December 2021

Comparative analysis of calculations of calculation numerical models for pulling out embedded parts in reinforced concrete structures is carried out. Based on the results of numerical modeling, new information about the stress-strain state in reinforced concrete elements from the local action of the tensile force has been obtained.
Modelling of the shear resistance of self-stressed beams reinforced with FRP applying the Critical Shear Crack Theory
Authors: Tur Viktar , Varabei Aliaksandr
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a mechanical model of the shear resistance based on Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) and its application for the checking of the shear ultimate state of self-stressed elements reinforced with FRP bars. The shear force, which is transmitted through the inclined crack by aggregate interlock, residual tensile strength, dowel action and inclined chord of the compression concrete, is calculated depending on the value of the inclined crack opening, determined according to the modified law “bond-slip” for FRP bars. The reliability of the proposed approach is confirmed by comparison both with the results of our own experimental investigations and with numerous research results by various authors.
Gamification – tools for learning foreign languages
Authors: Sukhorukova Daria Valerievna , Chernyishkova Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

Gamification is an approach that creates multiple opportunities for teachers to improve a foreign language lesson. Even though now gamification is widely used as a result of a forced switch to distance learning, it should be noted that it carries the same value inside a classroom and makes the learning process enjoyable and effective. The article looks at three specific websites/applications that are aimed at incorporating new elements into a traditional classroom. These tools have different features – the amount of time one spends preparing a task can vary – but all three can increase the degree of involvement and motivation which are two factors that may predetermine the success and effectiveness of a class. The article delves into aspects of motivation and its importance in a real classroom and in an online one. It is an essential factor to consider because everyone who is involved in an educational process contributes to its success. That is why if a teacher is energetic, eager and ready, and students are at the other end of the spectrum (or vice versa), so the overall motivation is not at 100%, it turns a lesson into a challenge, and not in a good way.