bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring visual information gathering in individuals with ultra low vision using virtual reality
Authors: Kartha Arathy , Sadeghi Roksana , Bradley Chris , Tran Chau , Gee Will , Dagnelie Gislin
Published: February 2023

People with ULV (visual acuity ≤ 20/1600 or 1.9 logMAR) lack form vision but have rudimentary levels of vision that can be used for a range of activities in daily life. However, current clinical tests are designed to assess form vision and do not provide information about the range of visually guided activities that can be performed in daily life using ULV. This is important to know given the growing number of clinical trials that recruit individuals with ULV (e.g., gene therapy, stem cell therapy) or restore vision to the ULV range in the blind (visual prosthesis). In this study, we develop a set of 19 activities (items) in virtual reality involving spatial localization/detection, motion detection, and direction of motion that can be used to assess visual performance in people with ULV. We estimated measures of item difficulty and person ability on a relative d prime (d′) axis using a signal detection theory based analysis for latent variables. The items represented a range of difficulty levels (− 1.09 to 0.39 in relative d′) in a heterogeneous group of individuals with ULV (− 0.74 to 2.2 in relative d′) showing the instrument’s utility as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Lysosomal phospholipase A2 contributes to the biosynthesis of the atypical late endosome lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate
Authors: Chen Jacinda , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Xu Yimeng , Piroli Paola , Hwang Robert , DeFreitas Laura , Chan Robin Barry , Di Paolo Gilbert , Nandakumar Renu , Wenk Markus R. , Marquer Catherine
Published: February 2023

The late endosome/lysosome (LE/Lys) lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) plays major roles in cargo sorting and degradation, regulation of cholesterol and intercellular communication and has been linked to viral infection and neurodegeneration. Although BMP was initially described over fifty years ago, the enzymes regulating its synthesis remain unknown. The first step in the BMP biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) into lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme. Here we report that this enzyme is lysosomal PLA2 (LPLA2). We show that LPLA2 is sufficient to convert PG into LPG in vitro. We show that modulating LPLA2 levels regulates BMP levels in HeLa cells, and affects downstream pathways such as LE/Lys morphology and cholesterol levels. Finally, we show that in a model of Niemann-Pick disease type C, overexpressing LPLA2 alleviates the LE/Lys cholesterol accumulation phenotype. Altogether, we shed new light on BMP biosynthesis and contribute tools to regulate BMP-dependent pathways.
Role of MoOx/Ni(111) interfacial sites in direct deoxygenation of phenol toward benzene
Authors: Wu Bowen , Li Liwen , Wang Hua , Han Jinyu , Zhu Xinli , Ge Qingfeng
Published: February 2023

The structural evolution of MoOx/Ni(111) accompanied by direct deoxygenation of phenol at the interfacial perimeter sites have been investigated by DFT. The coordinatively unsaturated Mo activates the C–OH bond, and the Ni–MoOx enables its breakage.
Mechanochemical synthesis of a high-surface-area Pd/α-Al2O3 catalyst for CO oxidative coupling to dimethyl oxalate reaction
Authors: Yang Lin , Pan Zhendong , Wang Donge , Wang Shuaiqi , Wang Xiaoping , Ma Huaijun , Qu Wei , Tian Zhijian
Published: February 2023

High-surface-area α-Al2O3 with abundant hydroxyls is synthesized by a ball-milling method. It demonstrates high catalytic activity and excellent stability for the CO oxidative coupling to dimethyl oxalate reaction.
Assessment of long tubing in measuring atmospheric trace gases: applications on tall towers
Authors: Li Xiao-Bing , Zhang Chunsheng , Liu Aiming , Yuan Bin , Yang Honglong , Liu Chanfang , Wang Sihang , Huangfu Yibo , Qi Jipeng , Liu Zhijie , He Xianjun , Song Xin , Chen Yubin , Peng Yuwen , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zheng E. , Yang Lei , Yang Qing , Qin Guangzhi , Zhou Jun , Shao Min
Published: February 2023

Negligible losses were observed for many atmospheric trace species after traversing the PFA Teflon tubing that was hundreds of meters in length.
Passive redirection filters minimize red blood cell contamination during neutrophil chemotaxis assays using whole blood
Authors: Ellett Felix , Irimia Daniel
Published: February 2023

In vivo, neutrophils follow signals to leave the bloodstream and migrate to sites of injury and infection. We present a geometry that recruits neutrophils ex vivo using a gradient signal and excludes other cells by hydraulic resistance.
A spectrally selective visible microbolometer based on planar subwavelength thin films
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Zhou Ziji , Tan Chong , Pan Xiaohang , Wen Zhengji , Zhang Jinguo , Zhou Dongjie , Sun Yan , Chen Xin , Zhou Lei , Dai Ning , Chu Junhao , Hao Jiaming
Published: February 2023

A metal–insulator–metal (MIM) planar trilayer thin-film nanostructure was used to realize a bolometric detector, which features compact design, simple structure and cost-efficiency.
Assemblies of salts of urea and thiourea derivatives and release of hosts from composites with calcium oxide
Authors: Brahma Rinki , Baruah Jubaraj Bikash
Published: February 2023

Self-assemblies, photoluminescence and release from composites with CaO of the 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3-[(pyridin-4-yl)methyl]urea/thiourea, their perchlorate and nitrate salts are presented.
Recent advances in the synthesis of insect pheromones: an overview from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Souza João P. A. , Bandeira Pamela T. , Bergmann Jan , Zarbin Paulo H. G.
Published: February 2023

Pheromones are generally produced by insects in submicrogram amounts which makes it difficult to elucidate their chemical structures. Synthetic approaches are therefore necessary for the unambiguous identification of these natural products.
Performance improvement of aqueous zinc batteries by zinc oxide and Ketjen black co-modified glass fiber separators
Authors: Lin Gang , Zhou Xiaoliang , Liu Limin , Li Huangmin , Huang Di , Liu Jing , Li Jie , Wei Zhaohuan
Published: February 2023

Co-modification of ZnO and KB is effective in improving the electrochemical performance of the cells. When the rate of ZnO and KB equals 6 : 3 in mass, the modified Zn//Zn and Zn//MnO2 showed excellent electrochemical performance.
Design, synthesis and bioactivity of myricetin derivatives for control of fungal disease and tobacco mosaic virus disease
Authors: Cao Xiao , He Bangcan , Liu Fang , Zhang Yuanquan , Xing Li , Zhang Nian , Zhou Yuanxiang , Gong Chenyu , Xue Wei
Published: February 2023

A series of myricetin derivatives containing isoxazole were designed and synthesized to control fungal disease and TMV disease.
Monitoring interfacial electric fields at a hematite electrode during water oxidation
Authors: Saeed Khezar H. , Garcia Osorio Dora-Alicia , Li Chao , Banerji Liam , Gardner Adrian M. , Cowan Alexander J.
Published: February 2023

Electric field induced second harmonic generation spectroscopy is used to monitor the potential drop across the space-charge and Helmholtz layers in a hematite electrode during water oxidation.
Ultrahigh power output and durable flexible all-polymer triboelectric nanogenerators enabled by rational surface engineering
Authors: Chen Ying-Ying , Balamurugan T. S. T. , Chang Chih-Yu , Hsu Chih-Yuan , Fang Chih-Yu , Liu Yi-Shan , Ho Li-Fu
Published: February 2023

We present a promising strategy to enhance the performance and stability of flexible all-polymer TENGsviarational surface engineering, yielding stable output characteristics together with record high specific power for a TENG.
Observation and modelling of homogenous nucleation in Ge2Sb2Te5 mushroom cells during SET operation
Authors: Yu Yiqi , Skowronski Marek
Published: February 2023

The crystallization mode during the SET operation in the nanoscale GST-based mushroom cell has been studied. The nucleation process detected in TEM has been quantified by modelling.
Design of high-performance circularly polarized multiple resonance-based TADF materialsviaparticipatory chiral perturbation
Authors: Li Ping , Li Wenjing , Lv Qixin , Chen Runfeng , Zheng Chao
Published: February 2023

The materials incorporating a moderate electron-donating chiral unit (BAM) closer to the chromophore and participating in the frontier molecular orbitals distributions may achieve a balance between a largegvalue and high fluorescence quantum yield.
Correction: Distinct photodynamics of κ-N and κ-C pseudoisomeric iron(ii) complexes
Authors: Dierks Philipp , Kruse Ayla , Bokareva Olga S. , Al-Marri Mohammed J. , Kalmbach Jens , Baltrun Marc , Neuba Adam , Schoch Roland , Hohloch Stephan , Heinze Katja , Seitz Michael , Kühn Oliver , Lochbrunner Stefan , Bauer Matthias
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Distinct photodynamics of κ-N and κ-C pseudoisomeric iron(ii) complexes’ by Philipp Dierks et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 6640–6643, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC01716K.
2D noble metals: growth peculiarities and prospects for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis
Authors: Shtepliuk Ivan
Published: February 2023

This paper highlights the prospects of two-dimensional (2D) noble metals as promising catalytic materials for water splitting.
Atomically dispersed Co2+ on MgAlOx boosting C4–10 alcohols selectivity of ethanol valorization
Authors: Lv Wen-Lu , He Lei , Li Wen-Cui , Zhou Bai-Chuan , Lv Shao-Pei , Lu An-Hui
Published: February 2023

Atomically dispersed Co2+ on MgAlOx derived from CoMgAl-LDH was offered in a one-pot catalytic transformation of ethanol into the C4–10 alcohols process, which could boost the C4–10 alcohols yield of ethanol valorization at relatively low temperature.
Visible-light-mediated green synthesis of tertiary alcohols from dicarbonyl compounds and arylamines in water
Authors: Hui Xin , Zhang Dan , Wu Chunying , Ma Yifan , Zhou Huihui , Zhu Yunbo
Published: February 2023

We have developed a green protocol for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols by merging visible-light and water. This mild strategy enables the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals efficiently under environmentally benign conditions.
Fabrication of magnetic Fe3O4@P(DVB-co-MAA) microspheres using hollow microspheres as templates for protein separation
Authors: Bu Fengjie , Xu Qianrui , Jiang Wenjie , Wei Yingying , Wang Zhifei , Jiang Yong
Published: February 2023

Fabrication of magnetic Fe3O4@P(DVB-co-MAA) microspheres using hollow microspheres as templates for protein separation.
Correction: Chiral Se@CeO2 superparticles for ameliorating Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Ximing , Zhang Hongyu , Hao Changlong , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Xu Liguang
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Chiral Se@CeO2 superparticles for ameliorating Parkinson's disease’ by Ximing Liu et al., Nanoscale, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nr04534f.
Multi-responsive paper chemosensors based on mesoporous silica nanospheres for quantitative sensing of heavy metals in water
Authors: El-Sewify Islam M. , Radwan Ahmed , Azzazy Hassan Mohamed El-Said
Published: February 2023

Paper based chemosensors (PBCs) are prepared by coating mesoporous silica nanospheres on filter papers then immobilizing the probe. PBCs generate different colors in the presence of Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, or Fe3+and results are quantified by DICA.
Synthesis and characterization of sodium hafnium oxide (Na2HfO3) and its high-temperature CO2 sorption properties
Authors: Chang Ribooga , Svensson Grape Erik , Clairefond Teva , Tikhomirov Evgenii , Inge A. Ken , Cheung Ocean
Published: February 2023

Solid-state synthesis of Na2HfO3 can produce a high-temperature CO2 sorbent that reaches close to 100% of the theoretical maximum CO2 uptake (up to ∼15 wt%) with a minimal decrease in CO2 uptake even after 100 cycles.
Untangling the role of the carbon matrix in the magnetic coupling of Ni@C nanoparticles with mixed FCC/HCP crystal structures
Authors: Fadel Mona , Martín-Jimeno F. Julián , Fernández-García M. P. , Suárez-García Fabián , Paredes Juan Ignacio , Belo J. H. , Araújo J. P. , Adawy Alaa , Martínez-Blanco David , Álvarez-Alonso Pablo , Blanco Jesús A. , Gorria Pedro
Published: February 2023

A novel two-step procedure based on the carbonization of Ni-based MOF allows the formation of Ni@C nanoparticles protected against oxidation. Different crystalline structures are formed, but only Ni-FCC is ferromagnetic.
Semantic and spatial‐spectral feature fusion transformer network for the classification of hyperspectral image
Authors: Xie Erxin , Chen Na , Peng Jiangtao , Sun Weiwei , Du Qian , You Xinge
Published: February 2023

Recently, transformer‐based networks have been introduced for the classification of hyperspectral image (HSI). Although transformer‐based methods can well capture spectral sequence information, their ability to fuse different types of information contained in HSI is still insufficient. To exploit rich spectral, spatial and semantic information in HSI, a novel semantic and spatial‐spectral feature fusion transformer (S3FFT) network is proposed in this study. In the proposed S3FFT method, spatial attention and efficient channel attention (ECA) modules are employed for the extraction of shallow spatial‐spectral features. Then, a transformer‐based module is designed to extract advanced fused features and to produce the pseudo‐label and class probability of each pixel for semantic feature extraction. Finally, the semantic, spatial and spectral features are combined by the transformer for classification. Compared with traditional deep learning methods and recently transformer‐based methods, the proposed S3FFT shows relatively better results on three HSI datasets.
Refinement of the EC stray radiation estimates for ITER
Authors: Gandini Franco
Published: February 2023

The ITER ECRH&CD system is composed by 24 gyrotrons at 170 GHz that will deliver 20 MW at the plasma. Up to 6.7 MW will be injected in the empty vacuum vessel at the beginning of each plasma discharge to provide the gas breakdown. In that phase and when the plasma absorption is non ideal, a certain level of EC non-absorbed power, usually addressed as stray radiation, will be present. The EC stray radiation interaction with ITER first wall and diagnostics has been described in preliminary works. A more refined assessment is here described, following update of the diffuse stray radiation model and update of the launchers optics parameters. The optical design of the EC equatorial launcher has been entirely redesigned to optimize the power deposition and minimize interaction with the launcher structures. The updated parameters for the 24 launched beams are now available and have been used to estimate the interaction of the beams to be used for the breakdown phase with the tokamak structures. The preliminary stray radiation model described every opening of the tokamak as a “black” hole, that is a perfect power sink. Refining this crude description, using for the openings a “grey” hole model, provide a better agreement with benchmarks from other alternative models. Examples of stray radiation estimates performed for various ITER structures, systems and diagnostics are discussed.
Benchmarking full-wave codes for studying the O-SX mode conversion in MAST Upgrade
Authors: Köhn-Seemann Alf , Eliasson Bengt E. , Freethy Simon J. , Holland Lou A. , Vann Roddy G.L.
Published: February 2023

Three full-wave codes for simulating microwave propagation and O-SX mode conversion in magnetized plasma are described and compared. Their feasibility to investigate mode conversion processes and obtain conversion efficiencies for parameters relevant for a potential MAST Upgrade 28 GHz electron Bernstein wave heating scenarios is explored.
The Basic Differences of Textual Cohesion between English and Chinese
Authors: Wang Zhonger , Bukhari Nurliyana , Tang Qi
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses the differences of cohesive devices between English and Chinese in sentence structure and text organization. Chinese has the characteristics of topic prominence, while English is subject prominent; Due to the differences in thinking styles between China and the West, there are differences in subject consciousness and object consciousness between English and Chinese. This leads to the differences between theme and rhyme in English and Chinese texts, and these differences also lead to the differences in cohesion. In addition, the parallel structure and loose grammatical relationship of Chinese and the tree structure and relatively strict grammatical restrictions of English can make the difference of textual cohesive devices.
Study on accompaniment of dulcimer in Shandong Lv Opera and Wuyin Opera
Authors: Xue Chulan , Ma Ruicong , Hou Zongchen , Wang Shan
Published: February 2023

Shandong art is deeply influenced by Confucianism. As a big province of culture and drama, it has given birth to various kinds of operas and has strong local characteristics. Among various kinds of operas, dulcimer plays an important role as an accompaniment instrument, and is the primary instrument for many kinds of operas. Lv opera and Wuyin opera are two of the most important operas in Shandong, so this paper summarizes the characteristics and causes of the dulcimer accompaniment in Shandong local operas by analyzing the characteristics of the dulcimer accompaniment in Lv opera and Wuyin opera. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to protect and develop Shandong traditional opera.
The Causality between Diabetes and Venous Thromboembolism: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hu Song , Tan Jiang-Shan , Hu Meng-Jin , Guo Ting-Ting , Chen Liyuan , Hua Lu , Cao Jian
Published: February 2023

Background Diabetes was considered as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but conflicting findings have been reported from observational studies. This study aimed at investigating the causal associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods We designed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by using summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies performed in European individuals. Inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effect method was used to obtain the primary causal estimates, and weighted median, weighted mode, and MR egger regression were replenished as sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results.

Results We found no significant causal effects of type 1 diabetes on VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.00, p = 0.043), DVT (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00, p = 0.102), and PE (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.01, p = 0.160). Similarly, no significant associations of type 2 diabetes with VTE (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91–1.03, p = 0.291), DVT (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.89–1.03, p = 0.255), and PE (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90–1.04, p = 0.358) were also observed. Results from multivariable MR analysis were consistent with the findings in univariable analysis. In the other direction, the results showed no significant causal effects of VTE on type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion This MR analysis demonstrated no significant causal associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with VTE in both directions, in conflict with previous observational studies reporting positive association, which provided clues for understanding the underlying pathogenesis of diabetes and VTE.
[4 + 4]-Imine Cage Compounds with Nitrogen-Rich Cavities and Tetrahedral Geometry
Authors: Tian Ke , Wang Xubin , Schuldt Moritz P. , Elbert Sven M. , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: February 2023

Organic imine cage compounds have found a variety of different applications in several fields in materials science. To design tailor-made cages for corresponding applications, synthetic approaches to cages with tunable functionalities, sizes and shapes have to be found. Here we report a series of cages with truncated cubic shape and tetrahedral geometry possessing nitrogen-rich cavities.
Biogenesis-Inspired Synthesis of Penicillitone
Authors: Heretsch Philipp , Bauer Maximilian
Published: February 2023

The biogenesis-inspired synthesis of the structurally unique 15(14→11)abeo-steroid penicillitone starting from commercially available ergosterol is reported. Key to the strategy is an intramolecular vinylogous aldol reaction of a 14,15-secoergostane obtained from the previously reported 14,15-secosteroid platform. Since a similar intermediate has been employed to access the strophasterol class of natural products, this work points at a possible biosynthetic connection between penicillitone and the strophasterols.
Association of Metformin with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Parveen Rizwana , Mishra Pinki , Luthra Reva , Bajpai Ram , Agarwal Nidhi
Published: February 2023

Studies have demonstrated high prevalence of mortality in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the effects of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy on COVID-19 complications need further exploration. The aim of the study was to explore the association of metformin use and mortality in COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted using the databases Medline (via PubMed) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until February 09, 2021. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 12,684 COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis suggested 37% lower risk of mortality in patients receiving metformin (risk ratio: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.50–0.78; p < 0.001). However, no significant difference in hospitalization days between the two groups (p = 0.197) was observed. The analysis revealed significantly lower risk of having obesity (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), heart failure (p < 0.001), and cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.015) in the group receiving metformin. The analysis also demonstrated significantly lower risk of using anticoagulants (p = 0.015), diuretics (p < 0.001), and antiplatelets (p = 0.010) in patients receiving metformin. Our findings suggest that metformin use decreases mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, randomized studies demonstrating the consequences of metformin use are needed to understand the magnitude of the beneficial effects of metformin.
Evaluating the role of hydrophobic molecules in DNA nanostructures
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

Amphiphilic DNA nanostructures enable the formation of crystals with a structure independent of the hydrophobic molecules used.
Merging and disconnecting resonance tongues in a pulsing excitable microlaser with delayed optical feedback
Authors: Terrien Soizic , Krauskopf Bernd , Broderick Neil G. R. , Pammi Venkata A. , Braive Rémy , Sagnes Isabelle , Beaudoin Grégoire , Pantzas Konstantinos , Barbay Sylvain
Published: February 2023

Excitability, encountered in numerous fields from biology to neurosciences and optics, is a general phenomenon characterized by an all-or-none response of a system to an external perturbation of a given strength. When subject to delayed feedback, excitable systems can sustain multistable pulsing regimes, which are either regular or irregular time sequences of pulses reappearing every delay time. Here, we investigate an excitable microlaser subject to delayed optical feedback and study the emergence of complex pulsing dynamics, including periodic, quasiperiodic, and irregular pulsing regimes. This work is motivated by experimental observations showing these different types of pulsing dynamics. A suitable mathematical model, written as a system of delay differential equations, is investigated through an in-depth bifurcation analysis. We demonstrate that resonance tongues play a key role in the emergence of complex dynamics, including non-equidistant periodic pulsing solutions and chaotic pulsing. The structure of resonance tongues is shown to depend very sensitively on the pump parameter. Successive saddle transitions of bounding saddle-node bifurcations constitute a merging process that results in unexpectedly large regions of locked dynamics, which subsequently disconnect from the relevant torus bifurcation curve; the existence of such unconnected regions of periodic pulsing is in excellent agreement with experimental observations. As we show, the transition to unconnected resonance regions is due to a general mechanism: the interaction of resonance tongues locally at an extremum of the rotation number on a torus bifurcation curve. We present and illustrate the two generic cases of disconnecting and disappearing resonance tongues. Moreover, we show how a pair of a maximum and a minimum of the rotation number appears naturally when two curves of torus bifurcation undergo a saddle transition (where they connect differently).
Organic solar cells pros and cons: Outlooks toward semitransparent cell efficiency and stability
Authors: Ghosh Bablu K. , Jha Prafulla Kumar , Ghosh Swapan K. , Biswas Tapan K.
Published: February 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising for low emissive photovoltaic technology. Excitonic absorption and charge generation to transport process OSC energy loss lessening are central. In this context, donor–acceptor barrier offset, related binding, and thermal effect on energy loss are the key challenge. Semitransparent organic solar cell visible band transmission and near infrared band absorption are anticipated. Near infrared band absorption in a Si material solar cell is higher that supports more energy conversion. Moreover, greater carrier selectivity and open circuit voltage (Voc) is incredible to increase the energy efficiency. OSC utmost absorption but carrier generation and charge transfer state donor–acceptor barrier offset increases carrier recombination loss. Upon analysis of small molecule donors and polymers along with non-fullerene and previously studied fullerene acceptors, it is realized that active material morphology, thickness, and interface design are impending to overcome the energy loss. For efficiency–transparency trade-off as well as stability problem lessening purpose thin active materials and interface, their absorption band tenability and carrier selectivity are main requisites. In this scope, very thin non-fullerene acceptors in ternary blend heterostructures and innovative-transparent hole transport layers can play a vital role. Therefore, recombination loss lessening and transparency purpose near infrared band absorbent thin active layer ternary blend and transparent electrodes of a thin hetero-interface predominant field effect over the thermal effect are reported in the efficiency and stability scope.
Three-dimensional full-field velocity measurements in shock compression experiments using stereo digital image correlation
Authors: Ravindran Suraj , Gandhi Vatsa , Joshi Akshay , Ravichandran Guruswami
Published: February 2023

Shock compression plate impact experiments conventionally rely on point-wise velocimetry measurements based on laser-based interferometric techniques. This study presents an experimental methodology to measure the free surface full-field particle velocity in shock compression experiments using high-speed imaging and three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC). The experimental setup has a temporal resolution of 100 ns with a spatial resolution varying from 90 to 200 μm/pixel. Experiments were conducted under three different plate impact configurations to measure spatially resolved free surface velocity and validate the experimental technique. First, a normal impact experiment was conducted on polycarbonate to measure the macroscopic full-field normal free surface velocity. Second, an isentropic compression experiment on Y-cut quartz–tungsten carbide assembly is performed to measure the particle velocity for experiments involving ramp compression waves. To explore the capability of the technique in multiaxial loading conditions, a pressure shear plate impact experiment was conducted to measure both the normal and transverse free surface velocities under combined normal and shear loading. The velocities measured in the experiments using digital image correlation are validated against previous data obtained from laser interferometry. Numerical simulations were also performed using established material models to compare and validate the experimental velocity profiles for these different impact configurations. The novel ability of the employed experimental setup to measure full-field free surface velocities with high spatial resolutions in shock compression experiments is demonstrated for the first time in this work.
Comparison of two pressure–temperature equilibration methods
Authors: Subramanian Gopinath , Leiding Jeffery A.
Published: February 2023

We compare and contrast the traditionally used method of solving the pressure–temperature equilibration problem in hydrodynamics, where specific internal energy and density are considered independent variables, with a different method where pressure and temperature are independent variables. With the goal of examining the robustness of the two methods as the number of components increases, we examine 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-component systems. After equilibrating more than 104 initial conditions for each system using both methods, we demonstrate that the latter method constrains the search space by lowering its dimensionality and forces a better initial guess, resulting in a higher probability of convergence to solution with fewer, cheaper iterations.
Ground-state heterogeneity and vibrational energy redistribution in bacterial phytochrome observed with femtosecond 2D IR spectroscopy
Authors: Chenchiliyan Manoop , Kübel Joachim , Ooi Saik Ann , Salvadori Giacomo , Mennucci Benedetta , Westenhoff Sebastian , Maj Michał
Published: February 2023

Phytochromes belong to a group of photoreceptor proteins containing a covalently bound biliverdin chromophore that inter-converts between two isomeric forms upon photoexcitation. The existence and stability of the photocycle products are largely determined by the protein sequence and the presence of conserved hydrogen-bonding interactions in the vicinity of the chromophore. The vibrational signatures of biliverdin, however, are often weak and obscured under more intense protein bands, limiting spectroscopic studies of its non-transient signals. In this study, we apply isotope-labeling techniques to isolate the vibrational bands from the protein-bound chromophore of the bacterial phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans. We elucidate the structure and ultrafast dynamics of the chromophore with 2D infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The carbonyl stretch vibrations of the pyrrole rings show the heterogeneous distribution of hydrogen-bonding structures, which exhibit distinct ultrafast relaxation dynamics. Moreover, we resolve a previously undetected 1678 cm−1 band that is strongly coupled to the A- and D-ring of biliverdin and demonstrate the presence of complex vibrational redistribution pathways between the biliverdin modes with relaxation-assisted measurements of 2D IR cross peaks. In summary, we expect 2D IR spectroscopy to be useful in explaining how point mutations in the protein sequence affect the hydrogen-bonding structure around the chromophore and consequently its ability to photoisomerize to the light-activated states.
Nanosized drug delivery strategies in osteosarcoma chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Chenglong , Wang Shidong , Wang Juan , Yao Fangzhou , Tang Xiaodong , Guo Wei
Published: February 2023

Despite recent developments worldwide in the therapeutic care of osteosarcoma (OS), the ongoing challenges in overcoming limitations and side effects of chemotherapy drugs warrant new strategies to improve overall patient survival. Spurred by rapid progress in biomedicine, nanobiotechnology, and materials chemistry, chemotherapeutic drug delivery in treatment of OS has become possible in recent years. Here, we review recent advances in the design of drug delivery system, especially for chemotherapeutic drugs in OS, and discuss the relative merits in trials along with future therapeutic options. These advances may pave the way for novel therapies requisite for patients with OS.
Current-induced switching of photonic spin Hall effect in a magnetic insulator based on spin–orbit torques
Authors: Tang Yujie , Liang Xiao , Tang Tingting , Bi Lei , Li Chaoyang , Kang Tongtong , Qin Jun , Li Jie , He Yu , Shen Ke , Xu Jingduo
Published: February 2023

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is analogous to the electronic spin Hall effect, which has substantial potential for optoelectronic applications. However, PSHE-based devices are rarely studied, and manipulating the PSHE by charge current has remained elusive thus far. In this paper, we demonstrate current-induced switching of PSHE in the Ce1Dy2Al0.42Fe4.58O12 thin film capping with Pt electrodes, which is mediated by spin–orbit torques at the Pt/Ce1Dy2Al0.42Fe4.58O12 interface. The results show that the transverse beam shifts related to the PSHE can be reversed by applying a small order of magnitude charge current (∼108 A·m−2) to the Pt layer in opposite directions, which predicts low dissipation in our proposed heterostructure. In addition, by applying an in-plane magnetic field, the saturation beam shifts can be increased, which can significantly enhance the switching ratio.
Electronics with stainless steel: The work functions
Authors: Marlow F. , Josten S. , Leiting S.
Published: February 2023

The work functions of different stainless steels were investigated and found to be in the range of 4.08–4.19 eV. They characterize the passive layer, an oxide layer on top of the stainless steel bulk material. This layer makes the steels corrosion-resistant, and it also controls the possible electronic and electrochemical applications of such materials. Structured samples were measured that are especially important for applications of these materials, e.g., in solar cells or fuel cells. The effects of composition changes of the stainless steel on the work function are unexpectedly small, which is likely related to a similar number of d electrons responsible for the electronic band structure.
Acoustic levitation synthesis and subsequent physicochemical properties of bimetallic composite nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Yuhang , Zhuang Qiang , Ruan Ying , Wei Bingbo
Published: February 2023

Bimetallic noble-metal nanoparticles were synthesized in a containerless state via acoustic levitation. We chose oleylamine as stabilizer and borane-t-butylamine complex as reducing agent to prepare the Au–Ag nanoparticles in organic phase. The synthesis process, particle size distribution, morphology, optical property, chemical composition, and catalytic performance of prepared bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized and analyzed. The Au–Ag nanoparticles synthesized in acoustic levitation exhibited a smaller size, narrower distribution range, and improved catalytic performance in 4-nitrophenol reduction compared with the normal container condition. In acoustic levitation, the catalytic activity of equiatomic Au–Ag nanoparticles was significantly enhanced due to synergistic effects.
Topological visualization of the plasmonic resonance of a nano C-aperture
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Asif , Ren Wei , Wu Mo , Padhy Punnag , Hesselink Lambertus
Published: February 2023

The plasmonic response of a nano C-aperture is analyzed using the Vector Field Topology (VFT) visualization technique. The electrical currents that are induced on the metal surfaces when the C-aperture is excited by light is calculated for various wavelengths. The topology of this two-dimensional current density vector is analyzed using VFT. The plasmonic resonance condition is found to coincide with a distinct shift in the topology which leads to increased current circulation. A physical explanation of the phenomenon is discussed. Numerical results are presented to justify the claims. The analyses suggest that VFT can be a powerful tool for studying the physical mechanics of nano-photonic structures.
Hemoglycin visible fluorescence induced by x rays
Authors: McGeoch M. W. , Owen R. L. , Jaho S. , McGeoch J. E. M.
Published: February 2023

Hemoglycin, a 1494 Da polymer composed of iron and glycine, has been detected in several carbonaceous meteorites. Iron atoms close out the ends of a 5 nm anti-parallel glycine beta sheet and contribute visible and near infrared absorptions that are not present with glycine alone. The 483 nm absorption of hemoglycin was discovered in theory and then observed on beamline I24 at Diamond Light Source. Light absorption in a molecule involves a coupled lower set of states receiving light energy that causes a transition into an upper set of states. In the reverse process, some energy source, such as an x-ray beam, populates the upper set of molecular states, which then radiates light as it returns to the lower “ground” set of states. We report on visible light re-emission during x-ray irradiation of a hemoglycin crystal. The emission is dominated by bands centered at 489 and 551 nm.
Core loss measurement and comparative analysis for soft magnetic materials under complex non-sinusoidal excitations
Authors: Li Yongjian , Mu Shenghui , Zhang Changgeng , Yang Ming
Published: February 2023

With the advancement of wide-bandgap power devices, the power electronics equipment is developing toward higher switching frequencies and more complex switching modes in recent years. Accurate prediction of the core loss for magnetic components has been emphasized as the excitations of magnetic materials varying depending on the operating mode of the power supplies. Therefore, this paper presents the results of an extensive core loss study performed on nanocrystalline alloy (FT-3KL), amorphous alloy (1K101) and ultra-thin oriented silicon steel (GT-50). Firstly, an automatic setup for core loss measurement of soft magnetic materials fed by a full-bridge inverter based on silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET is proposed. Then, the effects of switching oscillations from the inverter and the characteristic parameters of complex non-sinusoidal excitations on the core loss are analyzed comparatively. The core loss shows different regular distributions with the change of each characteristic parameter of excitations respectively. However, the regular distributions will be influenced by the high-frequency switching oscillations, which makes the prediction of core loss more complicated. This paper can provide a reference for the development of high-precision core loss model and performance optimization of power electronics equipment.
Magnetic phase transitions and magnetocaloric effect in DyCrTiO5 nanoparticles
Authors: Bamana Bharati , Prinsloo Aletta , Mohanty Pankaj , Sheppard Charles
Published: February 2023

This work focuses on the transitions found in magnetic measurements of DyCrTiO5 nanoparticles with the associated magnetocaloric behavior. The nanoparticles have been synthesized through a fast and easy synthesis technique i.e., sol-gel method and then calcined at 800 °C. The orthorhombic structure of the material with lattice constants, a, b, and c are of 7.3158(7), 8.6431(9), 5.8390(8) Å, respectively, was established from the x-ray diffraction pattern. The transmission electron microscopy result confirms the 37 ± 1 nm particle size of the synthesised sample. The Néel temperature, TN = 153 ± 1 K, was obtained from the magnetic measurement in which magnetization (M) was measured with increasing the temperature (T). In addition, spin reorientation is observed at a temperature TSR = 49 ± 1 K. Irreversibility is seen in the field-cool-cooling curves and field-cool-warming curves of M(T) measurements at low temperatures, not previously observed in bulk samples of this material. The ferromagnetic nature, with the exchange bias effect, is confirmed for the sample from the magnetization measurements at constant temperature by varying the applied field. Additionally, a change in magnetic entropy (−ΔSm) of 10.9 ± 0.1 J kg−1 K−1 is found at a 3 T difference in the field. The obtained magnetic behavior of DyCrTiO5 nanoparticles is discussed in terms of the competing interactions of Cr3+ and Dy3+, respectively.
In search of sustainable livestock management in the Dry Chaco: effect of different shrub-removal practices on vegetation
Authors: Guzmán L. M. , Villagra P. E. , Quiroga R. E. , Pereyra D. I. , Pelliza M. E. , Ricarte A. R. , Blanco L. J.
Published: February 2023

Increasing shrub density hinders cattle raising in central Argentina rangelands. While roller-chopping and hand-cutting are used to remove shrubs and make land accessible for cattle grazing, studies on the effects of these practices on ecosystem composition, structure and functioning are scarce. We assessed the impact of shrub removal on (a) vegetation cover, composition, species richness and diversity and (b) green biomass and seasonal phenological dynamics. We used a randomised design with three treatments (degraded rangeland; roller-chopping and hand-cutting) with four replicates, and compared the treatments with the least disturbed woodland (conserved woodland). Cenchrus ciliaris L. was sown following removal treatments and grass cover increased significantly (45% roller-chopping and 84% hand-cutting vs 27% degraded rangeland, and 13% conserved woodland), and tree cover decreased (3% roller-chopping and 2% hand-cutting vs 16% degraded rangeland, and 23% conserved woodland). Shrub cover reached 45% under roller-chopping, similar to the degraded rangeland treatment (46% degraded rangeland, 60% conserved woodland), but in hand-cutting reached only 3% cover. Hand-cutting reduced species richness and vegetation diversity, whereas roller-chopping had no effect. Shrub-removal treatments decreased normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI; proxy of green biomass) and modified ecosystem phenology. Under both shrub treatments, the maximum, minimum and integral NDVI (area under the NDVI curve) were significantly lower than those of the degraded rangeland treatment. The results suggest that shrub-removal practices increase forage for livestock, but reduce functional diversity and compromise the return to less disturbed states (woodland), where tree populations are maintained.
The relationship between wind speed and satellite measurements of fire radiative power
Authors: Potter Brian E. , Tannhauser Katherine
Published: February 2023

Background Satellite fire radiative power (FRP) products are a potential source of wildland fire growth measurements that could be used with gridded or observed weather data to study meteorological influences on wildfire behaviour. There is little research to date examining how FRP relates to weather. Aims The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between satellite wildland fire FRP measurements and wind speed. Methods We examine GOES-16 FRP data from the summer of 2018 in California, comparing it with winds from the CANSAC reanalysis to understand the relationship between wind and FRP. Examination focuses on statistical distribution of the data and results of two different approaches to relating FRP and wind speed. Key results FRP is log-normally distributed, and there are significant consequences to using conventional statistical techniques that assume normality. We propose an alternative framing of the wind speed–FRP relationship to preserve more information about the FRP distribution. Conclusions Use of FRP data for meaningful understanding of fire–weather interactions requires attention to the nature of the FRP empirical distribution. Implications Applying our alternative approach to relating wildland fire FRP to weather has the potential to retain much more information than conventional approaches, but requires careful examination of the FRP data in each study.
LBiaP
Authors: Cortes Viviana , Lake William
Published: February 2023

Overlapping bundles, that is, shorter lexical bundles that are totally or partially embedded in longer expressions, may prove problematic in the structural and functional classification of bundles. For example, many studies in the literature focus only on four-word lexical bundles and conduct extensive structural and functional analysis of those bundles. However, most scholars have not considered the fact that some 4-word expressions may be embedded in longer expressions. These longer expressions may not only have a different structure but may also carry out a different functional role. The present study introduces theLexical Bundle Identification and Analysis Program(LBiaP), a software tool designed to facilitate lexical bundle research with independent observations of each lexical bundle identified. First, we describe complete overlapping, complete subsumption, and interlocking bundles in detail. We then explain howLBiaPdeals with these types of bundles when detected.
The time-course of contextual modulation for underspecified meaning
Authors: Lai Yao-Ying , Braze David , Piñango Maria Mercedes
Published: February 2023

Sentences like (1) “The singer began the album”are ambiguous between an agentive reading (The singer began recording/playing/etc. the album) and a constitutive reading (The singer’s song was the first track). The ambiguity is rooted in the meaning specification of the aspectual-verb class, which demands its complement be construed as a structured individual along a dimension (e.g., spatial, informational, eventive). In (1), the complement can be construed as a set of eventualities (eventive) or musical content (informational). Processing aspectual-verb sentences is shown to involve (a) exhaustive lexical-function retrieval and (b) construal of multiple dimension-specific structured individuals, leading to multiple compositions with agentive and constitutive readings. The ultimate interpretation depends on the biased dimensions in context. Our eye-tracking study comparing sentences in different contexts (agentive vs. constitutive-biasing) shows not only the aspectual-verb composition effect, previously reported for the agentive readings, but also a comparable processing profile for the constitutive readings, a novel finding supporting the unified linguistic analysis and processing implementation of the two readings. Regardless of reading, the composition effect is observable even after the complement has been retrieved, indicating that the fundamental lexico-semantic compositional processes must take place before context can serve as a constraining force.
Microstructures and properties of copper matrix composite wires reinforced with Ti2SnC particles
Authors: Jahani Amirhossein , Jamshidi Aval Hamed , Rajabi Mohammad , Jamaati Roohollah
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the fabrication of copper matrix composite reinforced with 8 wt-% of the Ti2SnC phase using friction stir-back extrusion. It explores the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and properties of Cu–Ti2SnC wire composites. The results showed that the grain size of the composite increased from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 5.7 ± 0.5 µm as the rotation speed increased from 400 to 1000 rev min−1. With the addition of the Ti2SnC phase, the yield and ultimate tensile strength increased by 178% and 33%, respectively. In addition, although the electrical conductivity decreased by 25% by adding 8 wt-% of reinforcement, the electric conductivity of composite wire increased by 19% with the increase of the rotation speed from 400 to 1000 rev min−1.