bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution, diversity, and taphonomy of clypeasteroid and spatangoid echinoids of the central Florida Keys
Authors: Grun Tobias B. , Kowalewski Michał
Published: October 2022

Background

Irregular echinoids are ecosystem engineers with diverse functional services. Documenting present-day distribution of those widespread organisms is important for understanding their ecological significance and enhancing our ability to interpret their rich fossil record.

Methods

This study summarizes SCUBA surveys of clypeasteroid and spatangoid echinoids conducted in 2020 and 2021 along the central part of the Florida Keys. The survey included observations on both live and dead specimens, their distribution, habitat preferences, abundance, and live-dead comparison.

Results

Echinoids were found at 17 out of 27 examined sites (63%) and occurred across a wide range of habitats including coastal seagrass meadows, subtidal sand and seagrass settings of the Hawk Channel, backreef sands, and fine muddy sands of deeper forereef habitats. The encountered species, both dead and alive, includedClypeaster rosaceus(four sites),Clypeaster subdepressus(five sites),Encope michelini(three sites),Leodia sexiesperforata(eight sites),Meoma ventricosa(nine sites), andPlagiobrissus grandis(four sites). All sites were dominated by one species, but some sites included up to five echinoid species. Live-dead fidelity was high, including a good agreement in species composition of living and dead assemblages, congruence in species rank abundance, and overlapping spatial distribution patterns. This high fidelity may either reflect long-term persistence of local echinoid populations or fragility of echinoid tests that could prevent post-mortem transport and the formation of time-averaged death assemblages. Regardless of causative factors, the live-dead comparisons suggest that irregular echinoid assemblages, from settings that are comparable to the study area, may provide a fossil record with a high spatial and compositional fidelity. The survey of live fauna is consistent with past regional surveys in terms of identity of observed species, their rank abundance, and their spatial distribution patterns. The results suggest that despite increasingly frequent hurricanes, active seasonal fisheries, massive tourism, and urban development, irregular echinoids continue to thrive across a wide range of habitats where they provide diverse ecosystem services by oxygenating sediments, recycling organic matter, supporting commensal organisms, and providing food to predators. Results reported here document the present-day status of local echinoid populations and should serve as a useful reference point for assessing future regional changes in echinoid distribution and abundance.
Ethylene represses the promoting influence of cytokinin on cell division and expansion of cotyledons in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings
Authors: Stoynova-Bakalova Ekaterina , Bakalov Dimitar V. , Baskin Tobias I.
Published: October 2022

The plant hormones ethylene and cytokinin influence many processes; sometimes they act cooperatively, other times antagonistically. To study their antagonistic interaction, we used the cotyledons of etiolated, intact seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. We focused on cell division and expansion, because both processes are quantified readily in paradermal sections. Here, we show that exogenous cytokinins modestly stimulate cell division and expansion in the cotyledon, with a phenyl-urea class compound exerting a larger effect than benzyl-adenine. Similarly, both processes were stimulated modestly when ethylene response was inhibited, either chemically with silver nitrate or genetically with the eti5 ethylene-insensitive mutant. However, combining cytokinin treatment with ethylene insensitivity was synergistic, strongly stimulating both cell division and expansion. Evidently, ethylene represses the growth promoting influence of cytokinin, whether endogenous or applied. We suggest that the intact etiolated cotyledon offers a useful system to characterize how ethylene antagonizes cytokinin responsiveness.
Research on Foreign Tourists’ Perception of Tourism Image of Shaolin Temple on the Basis of Network Text Analysis
Authors: Lu Huijuan
Published: October 2022

Tourism destination image of scenic spots has a direct influence on foreign tourists’ consuming choices while visiting China, therefore it is the foundation for effectively improving the tourism destination image as well. This article is based on the original network text of foreigners’ original comments on Shaolin Temple from the biggest travel website in the world – Tripadvisor; and it did the online text analysis with the analyzing tool of ROST CM from the perspective of Grounded Theory in Qualitative Study from the following aspects: word frequency, social semantic meaning, emotions and tourism image perception and puts forward corresponding measures for the improvement of Shaolin Temple’s international tourism image.
Termitic Diversity of the Dalhia Fleurs Partial Natural Reserve (Bingerville, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moïse , Dohouonan Diabaté , Tenon Coulibaly , Kouadja Yavo Olivier , Koua Kouakou Herve , Kouassi Kouassi Philippe
Published: October 2022

Termites play an important ecological role. The objective of this work is to evaluate the diversity of termites in two different ecosystems (primary forest and horticultural forest) of the Partial Dalhia Fleurs Natural Reserve (DFNR) In each ecosystem, three transects were carried out using the standardized rapid termite assessment method. A total of 20 species of termites were sampled. In the primary forest, 18 species were sampled and 16 species in the horticultural forest. These species belong to two families which are the Termitidae with 17 species and the Rhinotermitinae. These termites were Macrotermes subhyalinus, Macrotermes bellicosus, Acanthotermes sp, Odontotermes sp, Ancistrotermes guineensis, Microtermes sp, Microtermes sp2, Procubitermes sp, Protermes sp, Pericapritermes sp, Microcerotermes parvus, Amphidotermes sp, Cubitermes fungifaber, Noditermes sp, Apilitermes sp, Amitermes guineensis and Trinervitermes sp.  The second family was that of Rhinotermitidae with 3 species namely Coptotermes intermedius, Coptotermes sjöstedti and Schedorhinotermes lamanianus. Thus, the Dalhia Fleur Nature Reserve abounds in a significant wealth of termitic fauna. It is therefore important to protect it further.
Obesity As A Cause of Restrictive Ventilatory Defect
Authors: Demeter Stephen L.
Published: October 2022

There is an association between obesity and restriction on pulmonary function testing when relying on the forced vital capacity (FVC) as the defining parameter for restriction. Body mass index (BMI) may not be the best measure of obesity, but it is the most commonly used. Multiple examples of regression formulae have been developed to explain the relationship between obesity and restriction, but these may be too complicated for general use. This article reviews the medical literature concerning this association.
Flexible Carbon Dots‐Intercalated MXene Film Electrode with Outstanding Volumetric Performance for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Jiapeng , Yang Deyu , Soomro Razium Ali , Xu Bin
Published: October 2022

2D MXenes have emerged as promising supercapacitor electrode materials due to their metallic conductivity, pseudo‐capacitive mechanism, and high density. However, layer‐restacking is a bottleneck that restrains their ionic kinetics and active site exposure. Herein, a carbon dots‐intercalated strategy is proposed to fabricate flexible MXene film electrodes with both large ion‐accessible active surfaces and high density through gelation of calcium alginate (CA) within the MXene nanosheets followed by carbonization. The formation of CA hydrogel within the MXene nanosheets accompanied by evaporative drying endow the MXene/CA film with high density. In the carbonization process, the CA‐derived carbon dots can intercalate into the MXene nanosheets, increasing the interlayer spacing and promoting the electrolytic diffusion inside the MXene film. Consequently, the carbon dots‐intercalated MXene films exhibit high volumetric capacitance (1244.6 F cm−3 at 1 A g−1), superior rate capability (662.5 F cm−3 at 1000 A g−1), and excellent cycling stability (93.5% capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles) in 3 m H2SO4. Additionally, an all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor based on the carbon dots‐intercalated MXene film achieves a high volumetric energy density of 27.2 Wh L−1. This study provides a simple yet efficient strategy to construct high‐volumetric performance MXene film electrodes for advanced supercapacitors.
Polarization‐Tunable Perovskite Light‐Emitting Metatransistor
Authors: Klein Maciej , Wang Yutao , Tian Jingyi , Ha Son Tung , Paniagua‐Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Adamo Giorgio , Soci Cesare
Published: October 2022

Emerging immersive visual communication technologies require light sources with complex functionality for dynamic control of polarization, directivity, wavefront, spectrum, and intensity of light. Currently, this is mostly achieved by free space bulk optic elements, limiting the adoption of these technologies. Flat optics based on artificially structured metasurfaces that operate at the sub‐wavelength scale are a viable solution, however, their integration into electrically driven devices remains challenging. Here, a radically new approach to monolithic integration of a dielectric metasurface into a perovskite light‐emitting transistor is demonstrated. It is shown that nanogratings directly structured on top of the transistor channel yield an 8‐fold increase of electroluminescence intensity and dynamic tunability of polarization. This new light‐emitting metatransistor device concept opens unlimited opportunities for light management strategies based on metasurface design and integration.
Chest‐Laminated and Sweat‐Permeable E‐Skin for Speech and Motion Artifact‐Insensitive Cough Detection
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Menglun , Gong Shaobo , Sun Mingchao , Xie Mengying , Niu Pengfei , Pang Wei
Published: October 2022

Assessment of the cough severity is essential when dealing with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID‐19. Although a few wearable devices have been reported for cough detection, they mostly rely on microphones, accelerometers, or throat‐fixed flexible sensors, which suffer from key issues including privacy disclosure and speech/motion artifacts. This study presents a chest‐laminated electronic skin (e‐skin) for reliable cough detection. Mixed dumbbell‐like networks and through‐holes are engineered on hard‐to‐stretch composite films for high stretching force sensitivity and sweat permeation, respectively. The e‐skin can effectively reduce speech‐signal and motion artifacts owing to firm adhesion and conformal contact with the chest even on sweaty skin. Experimental results show that the specificity for cough identification is as high as 99.75% through machine learning of automated acoustic analysis, even in the presence of hard‐to‐distinguish daily activities such as throat clearing. The developed chest‐laminated e‐skin is a simple, comfortable, yet reliable method to detect cough for the primary diagnosis of respiratory diseases by extracting subtle acoustic information from cough.
Propagable Optical Vortices with Natural Noninteger Orbital Angular Momentum in Free Space
Authors: Weng Xiaoyu , Miao Yu , Wang Guanxue , Zhan Qiufang , Dong Xiangmei , Qu Junle , Gao Xiumin , Zhuang Songlin
Published: October 2022

Light beams with optical vortices can propagate in free space only with integer orbital angular momentum. Herein, this scientific consensus theoretically and experimentally is upheaved by proposing light beams carrying natural noninteger orbital angular momentum. These peculiar vortex beams are unique solutions to the Helmholtz equation, which possesses optical vortices with topological charges of l + 0.5, where l is an integer. During propagation in free space, their amplitudes and vortex phases with noninteger topological charges can be maintained stably. The findings of this study provide an alternative state of optical vortices in physics, which can serve as basis for innovations in optics and related scientific fields.
New Ion Substitution Method to Enhance Electrochemical Reversibility of Co‐Rich Layered Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Pilgun , Yun Jeongsik , Choi Jae Hong , Nam Gyutae , Park Seohyeon , Embleton Tom James , Yoon Moonsu , Joo Se Hun , Kim Su Hwan , Jang Haeseong , Kim Hyungsub , Kim Min Gyu , Kwak Sang Kyu , Cho Jaephil
Published: October 2022

The recent development of high‐energy LiCoO2 (LCO) and progress in the material recycling technology have brought Co‐based materials under the limelight, although their capacity still suffers from structural instability at highly delithiated states. Thus, in this study, a secondary doping ion substitution method is proposed to improve the electrochemical reversibility of LCO materials for Li‐ion batteries. To overcome the instability of LCO at highly delithiated states, Na ions are utilized as functional dopants to exert the pillar effect at the Li sites. In addition, Fe‐ion substitution (secondary dopant) is performed to provide thermodynamically stable surroundings for the Na‐ion doping. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation energy for the Na‐doped LCO is significantly reduced in the presence of Fe ions. Na and Fe doping improve the capacity retention as well as the average voltage decay at a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. Furthermore, structural analysis indicates that the improved cycling stability results from the suppressed irreversible phase transition in the Na‐ and Fe‐doped LCO. This paper highlights the fabrication of high‐energy Co‐rich materials for high voltage operations, via a novel ion substitution method, indicating a new avenue for the manufacturing of layered cathode materials with a long cycle life.
Rapid Depolarization‐Free Nanoscopic Background Elimination of Cellular Metallic Nanoprobes
Authors: Liu Yunbo , Zu Di , Zhang Zhijia , Zhao Xintao , Cui Guangjie , Hentschel Mario , Park Younggeun , Lee Somin Eunice
Published: October 2022

The crowded intracellular environment of biomolecules, including organelles, solutes, proteins, and membranes, presents distinct biomolecular dynamics crucial for the functions of biomolecules within living cells. However, background suppression is critical to uncover nanoscale dynamics in living cells. Herein, a new method for enabling rapid, nanoscale background elimination of cellular metallic nanoprobes is presented. By employing integrated nanoscopic correction (iNC) designed to eliminate depolarization effects, which compromise background elimination, a real‐time algorithm to subtract and increment orthogonal pairs of polarizations for real‐time nanoscale background elimination is introduced. The ability to analyze orthogonal pairs at high speed over the entire polarization range is currently difficult to achieve using conventional methods. By processing orthogonal pairs in real time, this method minimizes movement artifacts during the background elimination process. Nanometer spatial stability which enables two orders of magnitude increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio of cellular metallic nanoprobes is shown. Nanoscale background elimination aiding the ability to accurately track biomolecules and their dynamics in living cells is anticipated.
Increased intracranial pressure in a patient with Congenital Heart Defect and Ectodermal Dysplasia (CHDED): Extension of phenotype and review of literature
Authors: Alghaith Fahad A. , Arts Heleen H. , Plourde Francois J. , Boswall Andrew , Gulati Partima , McNeely P. Daniel , Acott Philip D. , Wong Kenny K. , Dyack Sarah
Published: October 2022

Congenital heart defect (CHD) is a birth defect that affects the structure of the heart. Although CHD is often multifactorial, it can also be inherited as part of a Mendelian disorder such as in congenital heart defect and ectodermal dysplasia (CHDED). This disorder is caused by de novo variants in PRKD1. Here, we describe a patient with a novel de novo variant of PRKD1 with phenotypic features consistent with CHDED. Previously unreported features were noted including high intracranial pressure (ICP), partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), and bifid uvula. We suggest that these features may be associated with CHDED.
Darobactine mit Überlegener Antibiotischer Aktivität Generiert durch Strukturgeleitetes Kryo‐EM‐Biosynthese‐Design**
Authors: Seyfert Carsten E. , Porten Christoph , Yuan Biao , Deckarm Selina , Panter Fabian , Bader Chantal D. , Coetzee Janetta , Deschner Felix , Tehrani Kamaleddin H. M. E. , Higgins Paul G. , Seifert Harald , Marlovits Thomas C. , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf
Published: October 2022

In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die Entwicklungspipeline neuer Antibiotika gegen Gram‐negative Bakterien nahezu zum Erliegen gekommen, da die meisten entdeckten Kandidaten Defizite im Bereich der Wirksamkeit, ihrer pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften oder eine zu hohe Toxizität aufwiesen. Die Darobactine, eine vielversprechende neue Peptid‐Klasse, binden an BamA, ein zuvor von Antibiotika nicht adressiertes Zielprotein der äußeren Membran. Wir haben bereits gezeigt, dass durch Biosynthese‐Modifikationen in einem heterologen Wirt neuartige Darobactine mit erhöhter antibakterieller Aktivität erzeugt werden können. Nun verwenden wir eine optimierte Reinigungsmethode und präsentieren Kryo‐EM‐Strukturen des Bam‐Komplexes mit Darobactin 9 (D9), welche als Basis für die biotechnologische Herstellung von zwanzig neuen Darobactinen, einschließlich halogenierter Analoga, dient. Das neu entwickelte Darobactin 22 bindet enger an BamA und übertrifft das bereits hohe Aktivitätsprofil von D9 gegen klinisch relevante Krankheitserreger, wie Carbapenem‐resistente Acinetobacter baumannii, um das bis zu 32‐fache, ohne erkennbare Anzeichen von Toxizität.
β‐ and γ‐C(sp3)−H Heteroarylation of Free Carboxylic Acids: A Modular Synthetic Platform for Diverse Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Meng Guangrong , Hu Liang , Tomanik Martin , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2022

PdII‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation of free carboxylic acids represents a significant advance from conventional cyclopalladation initiated reactions. However, developing a modular synthetic platform for diverse quaternary and tertiary carbon centers based on this reactivity, two challenges remain to be addressed: mono‐selectivity in each consecutive C−H functionalization step; compatibility with heteroatoms. While the exclusive mono‐selectivity was achieved by β‐lactonization/nucleophilic attack, the latter limitation remains to be overcome. Herein, we report the PdII‐catalyzed β‐ and γ‐C(sp3)−H heteroarylation of free carboxylic acids using pyridine‐pyridone ligands capable of overcoming these limitations. A sequence of three consecutive C(sp3)−H activation reactions of pivalic acid provides an unique platform for constructing diverse quaternary carbon centers containing heteroaryls which could serve as an enabling tool for escaping the flat land in medicinal chemistry.
Identification of Cysteine 270 as a Novel Site for Allosteric Modulators of SARS‐CoV‐2 Papain‐Like Protease**
Authors: Hu Hangchen , Wang Qian , Su Haixia , Shao Qiang , Zhao Wenfeng , Chen Guofeng , Li Minjun , Xu Yechun
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus papain‐like protease (PLpro) plays an important role in the proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins and the dysregulation of the host immune response, providing a promising therapeutic target. However, the development of inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) PLpro is challenging owing to the restricted S1/S2 sites in the substrate binding pocket. Here we report the discovery of two activators of SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro and the identification of the unique residue, cysteine 270 (C270), as an allosteric and covalent regulatory site for the activators. This site is also specifically modified by glutathione, resulting in protease activation. Furthermore, a compound was found to allosterically inhibit the protease activity by covalent binding to C270. Together, these results elucidate an unrevealed molecular mechanism for allosteric modulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro and provid a novel site for allosteric inhibitors design.
Selective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Chitin over a Carbon‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Suzuki Yusuke , Sagawa Takuya , Saito Makoto , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: October 2022

Oligosaccharides possess fascinating functions that are applicable in a variety of fields, such as agriculture. However, the selective synthesis of oligosaccharides, especially chitin‐oligosaccharides, has remained a challenge. Chitin‐oligosaccharides activate the plant immune system, enabling crops to withstand pathogens without harmful agrichemicals. Here, we demonstrate the conversion of chitin to chitin‐oligosaccharides using a carbon catalyst with weak acid sites and mechanical milling. The catalyst produces chitin‐oligosaccharides with up to 94 % selectivity in good yields. Monte‐Carlo simulations indicate that our system preferentially hydrolyzes larger chitin molecules over oligomers, thus providing the desired high selectivity. This unique kinetics is in contrast to the fact that typical catalytic systems rapidly hydrolyze oligomers to monomers. Unlike other materials carbons more strongly adsorb large polysaccharides than small oligomers, which is suitable for the selective synthesis of small oligosaccharides.
A Nanocomposite of Bismuth Clusters and Bi2O2CO3 Sheets for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Lin Li , He Xiaoyang , Zhang Xia‐Guang , Ma Wenchao , Zhang Biao , Wei Diye , Xie Shunji , Zhang Qinghong , Yi Xiaodong , Wang Ye
Published: October 2022

The renewable‐electricity‐driven CO2 reduction to formic acid would contribute to establishing a carbon‐neutral society. The current catalyst suffers from limited activity and stability under high selectivity and the ambiguous nature of active sites. Herein, we report a powerful Bi2S3‐derived catalyst that demonstrates a current density of 2.0 A cm−2 with a formate Faradaic efficiency of 93 % at −0.95 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The energy conversion efficiency and single‐pass yield of formate reach 80 % and 67 %, respectively, and the durability reaches 100 h at an industrial‐relevant current density. Pure formic acid with a concentration of 3.5 mol L−1 has been produced continuously. Our operando spectroscopic and theoretical studies reveal the dynamic evolution of the catalyst into a nanocomposite composed of Bi0 clusters and Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets and the pivotal role of Bi0−Bi2O2CO3 interface in CO2 activation and conversion.
Combined Bioinformatics and Combinatorial Chemistry Tools to Locate Drug‐Able Anti‐TB Phytochemicals: A Cost‐Effective Platform for Natural Product‐Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Swain Shasank S. , Hussain Tahziba
Published: October 2022

Based on extensive experimental studies, a huge number of phytochemicals showed potential activity against tuberculosis (TB) at a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fewer toxicity profiles. However, these promising drugs have not been able to convert from ′lead′ to ′mainstream′ due to inadequate drug‐ability profiles. Thus, early drug‐prospective analyses are required at the primary stage to accelerate natural‐product‐based drug discovery with limited resources and time. In the present study, we have selected seventy‐three potential anti‐TB phytochemicals (MIC value ≤10 μg/mL) and assessed the drug‐ability profiles using bioinformatics and combinatorial chemistry tools, systematically. Primarily, the molecular docking study was done against two putative drug targets, catalase‐peroxidase enzyme (katG) and RNA polymerase subunit‐β (rpoB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, assessed the drug‐ability score from Molsoft, toxicity profiles from ProTox, pharmacokinetics from SwisADME, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) by ChemMine tools and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) with Avogadro and structural activity relationships (SAR) analysis with ChemDraw 18.0 software. Above analyses indicated that, lower MIC exhibited anti‐TB phytochemicals, abietane, 12‐demethylmulticaulin exhibited poor docking and drug‐ability scores, while tiliacorinine, 2‐nortiliacorinine showed higher binding energy and drug‐ability profiles. Overall, tiliacorinine, 2‐nortiliacorinine, 7α‐acetoxy‐6β‐hydroxyroyleanone (AHR), (2S)‐naringenin and isovachhalcone were found as the most active and drug‐able anti‐TB candidates from 73 candidates. Phytochemicals are always a vital source of mainstream drugs, but the MIC value of a phytochemical is not sufficient for it to be promoted. An ideal drug‐ability profile is therefore essential for achieving clinical success, where advanced bioinformatics tools help to assess and analyse that profile. Additionally, several natural pharmacophores found in existing anti‐TB drugs in SAR analyses also provide crucial information for developing potential anti‐TB drug. As a conclusion, combined bioinformatics and combinatorial chemistry are the most effective strategies to locate potent‐cum‐drug‐able candidates in the current drug‐development module.
Oxygen On‐Demand: Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Performance Enhancement of Conductive Polymer Films upon Modification with ZIF‐8 MOF
Authors: López Federico C. D. , Bertoni Andrés I. , Allegretto Juan A. , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar , Rafti Matías , Grumelli Doris
Published: October 2022

Recent developments surrounding the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) focus on low‐cost alternatives to materials used in traditional electrodes, e. g. Pt. To accumulate competitive advantages, these non‐traditional electrodes often consist of multiple functional coating layers. Considering that each layer can potentially alter the reaction mechanism, thus changing its technological value, it becomes relevant to study how a particular electrode architecture impacts on the considered reaction pathway. From kinetic studies with rotating disk electrodes (RDE) it was found that, for Au electrodes coated with the conductive polymer P(ABA−ANI), either bare or modified with ZIF‐8 (MOF) microcrystals, the ORR occurs (at neutral pH) via an associative pathway, involving a two‐electron transfer process and H2O2 production. Although ZIF‐8 lacks catalytic activity towards the ORR, its passive role as an in situ O2 reservoir not only enhanced the measured current response, but also extended the region of electrochemical potential under kinetic control.
Heterogeneous catalyzed isomerization of turpentine oil by ordered mesoporous materials like M41S structures
Authors: Borges de Sousa Leonardo , Speranza Jessica T. , Condotta Rodrigo , Cella Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Herein, the synthesis of a structure with a porous system similar to that of molecular sieves, MCM‐41 and 48 types, with the incorporation of heteroatoms in their synthesis, is reported. The catalytic activity of these materials was tested in the isomerization reaction of turpentine oil to obtain camphene. The best results were obtained with Zn‐Al‐Si‐MCM, a mesoporous material, with a conversion of up to 96% and selectivities of 31% and 22% to camphene and 4‐carene, respectively, both of which are bicyclic products. The recycling of the catalyst was also tested, and after three cycles, no significant loss of activity was observed.
QoS aware routing protocol using robust spatial gabriel graph based clustering scheme for ad hoc network
Authors: Sugitha George , Sivakumar Thimmakkondu Babuji , Hasan Hussain Shahul Hameed
Published: October 2022

MANET (mobile ad hoc network) comprises of a set of wireless mobile node connected in a self‐healing and self‐configured network devoid of any fixed infrastructure. The cognitive radio (CR) in the MANET system has been developed for addressing the spectrum congestion issue. However, the existing techniques failed to solves the complex convex problem of channel assignment. To address this issue, the proposed protocol is designed. In the proposed scheme, both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) are clustered initially based on the graph theory process. After that, in each cluster, formation of robust spatial Gabriel graph (RS‐GG) takes place at which the neighboring nodes are predicted by estimating the weighted end‐to‐end delay. Once the multi path decision‐making condition is satisfied, the route path is established, and the communication takes place based on QoS constraint. This can lead to the enhancement of PDR, network connectivity maintenance and network lifetime. The performance analysis of the proposed methods is carried out for PDR, control overheads, energy consumption, and End‐to‐End delay and the analysis is compared with existing protocols to prove the effectiveness of proposed design. The simulation outcomes illustrate that the suggested strategy performs well and improves the data transmission.
Bipolar disorders and narcissism: Diagnostic concerns, conceptual commonalities and potential antecedents
Authors: Nagel Madeline G. , Marcus David K. , Zeigler‐Hill Virgil
Published: October 2022

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and the manic and hypomanic episodes found in the bipolar disorders are characterized by grandiosity. It is possible that this shared grandiosity is a ‘homologous structure’ or reflects a superficial similarity between two disparate conditions. It is, however, possible that NPD and the bipolar disorders are more closely related than implied by their segregation into the separate superordinate categories of personality disorders and mood disorders. Whereas narcissism is considered to be a life‐course, stable trait and the bipolar disorders are characterized by episodes of mania and depression, there is considerable research indicating that narcissism may be linked to mood instability (including depression) and bipolar disorder may have a pervasive personality component (i.e., hypomanic personality). Utilizing dimensional models of psychopathology, the current review examined the evidence linking narcissism and the bipolar disorders and suggests that considerable overlap may exist in the domains associated with reward‐seeking, harm avoidance and social functioning.
Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding to Au(I) Fluorido Complexes
Authors: Rachor Simon G. , Müller Robert , Kaupp Martin , Braun Thomas
Published: October 2022

The hydrogen bonding in the Au(I) complex [Au(F ⋅ HF)(SPhos)] (SPhos=dicyclohexyl(2’,6’‐dimethoxy[1,1’‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)phosphane) (1 a ⋅ HF) has been analysed by IR and NMR measurements, revealing the formation of an unsymmetrical bifluoride moiety. The data are in excellent agreement with DFT calculations. Comparisons to analogous complexes bearing NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligands demonstrated a comparable bonding situation. The identity of the halogen bond in the compound [Au(F ⋅ IC6F5)(SPhos)] (1 a ⋅ IC6F5) in CD2Cl2has been estimated, and van't Hoff data for the equilibrium between [Au(F)(SPhos)] (1 a) and IC6F5with [Au(F ⋅ IC6F5)(SPhos)] are ΔH0=−8.1(3) kJ mol−1and ΔS0=−36(1) J (mol K)−1. The latter are also in agreement with DFT calculations. For all calculations, comparisons between an explicit and implicit solvent model were drawn. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies were performed for [Au(F ⋅ 2IC6F5)(BrettPhos)] ⋅ 2IC6F5(BrettPhos=2‐(dicyclohexylphosphino)‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐2’,4’,6’‐triisopropyl‐1,1’‐biphenyl) (1 b ⋅ 4IC6F5) demonstrating the presence of halogen bonds to Au(I) fluorido complexes in the solid state.
Enhancing the Performance of Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester Using Curve‐Shaped Attachments on the Bluff Body
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Sharma Saurav , Ansari M. N. M. , Vaish Rahul , Kumar Rajeev , Ibrahim Sobhy M. , Thomas P. , Bowen Chris
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a piezoelectric wind energy harvester that operates by a galloping mechanism with different shaped attachments attached to a bluff body. A comparison is made between harvesters that consist of different shaped attachments on a bluff body; these include triangular, circular, square, Y‐shaped, and curve‐shaped attachments. Simulation of the pressure field and the velocity field variation around the different shaped bluff bodies is performed and it is found that a high pressure difference creates a high lift force on the bluff body with curve‐shaped attachments. A theoretical model based on a galloping mechanism is presented, which is verified by experiments. It is observed that the proposed harvester with curve‐shaped attachments provides the best performance, where the harvester with a curve‐shaped attachments provides the highest voltage and power output compared to the other shaped harvesters examined in this study. This paper provides a new concept for improving the power performance of the piezoelectric wind energy harvesters with modifications made on the bluff body.
Endocannabinoid signaling in the central nervous system
Authors: Martinez Ramirez César E. , Ruiz‐Pérez Gonzalo , Stollenwerk Todd M. , Behlke Christina , Doherty Ashley , Hillard Cecilia J.
Published: October 2022

It is hard to overestimate the influence of the endocannabinoid signaling (ECS) system on central nervous system (CNS) function. In the 40 years since cannabinoids were found to trigger specific cell signaling cascades, studies of the ECS system continue to cause amazement, surprise, and confusion! CB1 cannabinoid receptors are expressed widely in the CNS and regulate cell–cell communication via effects on the release of both neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. CB2 cannabinoid receptors are difficult to detect in the CNS but seem to “punch above their weight” as compounds targeting these receptors have significant effects on inflammatory state and behavior. Positive and negative allosteric modulators for both receptors have been identified and examined in preclinical studies. Concentrations of the endocannabinoid ligands, N‐arachidonoylethanolamine and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), are regulated by a combination of enzymatic synthesis and degradation and inhibitors of these processes are available and making their way into clinical trials. Importantly, ECS regulates many essential brain functions, including regulation of reward, anxiety, inflammation, motor control, and cellular development. While the field is on the cusp of preclinical discoveries providing impactful clinical and therapeutic insights into many CNS disorders, there is still much to be learned about this remarkable and versatile modulatory system.
A subset of OPCs do not express Olig2 during development which can be increased in the adult by brain injuries and complex motor learning
Authors: Fang Li‐Pao , Liu Qing , Meyer Erika , Welle Anna , Huang Wenhui , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Bai Xianshu
Published: October 2022

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are uniformly distributed in the mammalian brain; however, their function is rather heterogeneous in respect to their origin, location, receptor/channel expression and age. The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Olig2 is expressed in all OPCs as a pivotal determinant of their differentiation. Here, we identified a subset (2%–26%) of OPCs lacking Olig2 in various brain regions including cortex, corpus callosum, CA1 and dentate gyrus. These Olig2 negative (Olig2neg) OPCs were enriched in the juvenile brain and decreased subsequently with age, being rarely detectable in the adult brain. However, the loss of this population was not due to apoptosis or microglia‐dependent phagocytosis. Unlike Olig2pos OPCs, these subset cells were rarely labeled for the mitotic marker Ki67. And, accordingly, BrdU was incorporated only by a three‐day long‐term labeling but not by a 2‐hour short pulse, suggesting these cells do not proliferate any more but were derived from proliferating OPCs. The Olig2neg OPCs exhibited a less complex morphology than Olig2pos ones. Olig2neg OPCs preferentially remain in a precursor stage rather than differentiating into highly branched oligodendrocytes. Changing the adjacent brain environment, for example, by acute injuries or by complex motor learning tasks, stimulated the transition of Olig2pos OPCs to Olig2neg cells in the adult. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OPCs transiently suppress Olig2 upon changes of the brain activity.
Self‐deception: Distorted metacognitive process in ambiguous contexts
Authors: Mei Dongmei , Ke Zijun , Li Zhihao , Zhang Wenjian , Gao Dingguo , Yin Lijun
Published: October 2022

As one of the commonly used folk psychological concepts, self‐deception has been intensively discussed yet is short of solid ground from cognitive neuroscience. Self‐deception is a biased cognitive process of information to obtain or maintain a false belief that could be both self‐enhancing or self‐diminishing. Study 1 (N = 152) captured self‐deception by adopting a modified numerical discrimination task that provided cheating opportunities, quantifying errors in predicting future performance (via item‐response theory model), and measuring the belief of how good they are at solving the task (i.e., self‐efficacy belief). By examining whether self‐efficacy belief is based upon actual ability (true belief) or prediction errors (false belief), Study 1 showed that self‐deception occurred in the effortless (easier access to answer cues) rather than effortful (harder access to answer cues) cheating opportunity conditions, suggesting high ambiguity in attributions facilitates self‐deception. Studies 2 and 3 probed the neural source of self‐deception, linking self‐deception with the metacognitive process. Both studies replicated behavioral results from Study 1. Study 2 (ERP study; N = 55) found that the amplitude of frontal slow wave significantly differed between participants with positive/self‐enhancing and negative/self‐diminishing self‐deceiving tendencies in incorrect predictions while remaining similar in correct predictions. Study 3 (functional magnetic resonance imaging study; N = 33) identified self‐deceiving associated activity in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and showed that effortless cheating context increased cheating behaviors that further facilitated self‐deception. Our findings suggest self‐deception is a false belief associated with a distorted metacognitive mental process that requires ambiguity in attributions of behaviors.
Measuring brain beats: Cardiac‐aligned fast functional magnetic resonance imaging signals
Authors: Hermes Dora , Wu Hua , Kerr Adam B. , Wandell Brian A.
Published: October 2022

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulse and flow throughout the brain, driven by the cardiac cycle. These fluid dynamics, which are essential to healthy brain function, are characterized by several noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Recent developments in fast MRI, specifically simultaneous multislice acquisition methods, provide a new opportunity to rapidly and broadly assess cardiac‐driven flow, including CSF spaces, surface vessels and parenchymal vessels. We use these techniques to assess blood and CSF flow dynamics in brief (3.5 min) scans on a conventional 3 T MRI scanner in five subjects. Cardiac pulses are measured with a photoplethysmography (PPG) on the index finger, along with functional MRI (fMRI) signals in the brain. We, retrospectively, align the fMRI signals to the heartbeat. Highly reliable cardiac‐gated fMRI temporal signals are observed in CSF and blood on the timescale of one heartbeat (test–retest reliability within subjects R2 > 50%). In blood vessels, a local minimum is observed following systole. In CSF spaces, the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces have a local maximum following systole instead. Slower resting‐state scans with slice timing, retrospectively, aligned to the cardiac pulse, reveal similar cardiac‐gated responses. The cardiac‐gated measurements estimate the amplitude and phase of fMRI pulsations in the CSF relative to those in the arteries, an estimate of the local intracranial impedance. Cardiac aligned fMRI signals can provide new insights about fluid dynamics or diagnostics for diseases where these dynamics are important.
Shedding Light on Bacterial Physiology with Click Chemistry
Authors: Zheng Qiuyu , Chang Pamela V.
Published: October 2022

Bacteria constitute a major lifeform on this planet and play numerous roles in ecology, physiology, and human disease. However, conventional methods to probe their activities are limited in their ability to visualize and identify their functions in these diverse settings. In the last two decades, the application of click chemistry to label these microbes has deepened our understanding of bacterial physiology. With the development of a plethora of chemical tools that target many biological molecules, it is possible to track these microorganisms in real‐time and at unprecedented resolution. Here, we review click chemistry, including bioorthogonal reactions, and their applications in imaging bacterial glycans, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids using chemical reporters. We also highlight significant advances that have enabled biological discoveries that have heretofore remained elusive.
Multimodal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for biomedical analysis
Authors: Fitzgerald Sean , Akhtar Jobaida , Schartner Erik , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita , Li Jiawen
Published: October 2022

Optical techniques hold great potential to detect and monitor disease states as they are a fast, non‐invasive toolkit. Raman spectroscopy (RS) in particular is a powerful label‐free method capable of quantifying the biomolecular content of tissues. Still, spontaneous Raman scattering lacks information about tissue morphology due to its inability to rapidly assess a large field of view. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an interferometric optical method capable of fast, depth‐resolved imaging of tissue morphology, but lacks detailed molecular contrast. In many cases, pairing label‐free techniques into multimodal systems allows for a more diverse field of applications. Integrating RS and OCT into a single instrument allows for both structural imaging and biochemical interrogation of tissues and therefore offers a more comprehensive means for clinical diagnosis. This review summarizes the efforts made to date toward combining spontaneous RS‐OCT instrumentation for biomedical analysis, including insights into primary design considerations and data interpretation.
Ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for the analysis of organic contaminants in sediments
Authors: Lübeck Josephine S. , Christensen Jan H. , Tomasi Giorgio
Published: October 2022

A nontarget screening method was developed based on D‐optimal designs for ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with positive and negative electrospray ionization mode mass spectrometry. A mixture of organic contaminants such as pesticides, steroids, surfactants, phenolic and fatty acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives, was used for the optimization. An aprotic mixture of dichloromethane and acetone [3:1] performed overall best as the injection solvent. The highest peak capacities (n) were accomplished at the shallowest gradient (1%B/min), ammonium formate (n = 378 in negative ionization mode), or ammonium acetate (n = 327 in positive ionization mode) in methanol as the modifier. Capillary voltage, make‐up solvent flow rate, water, and additive concentration were the most significant factors for improving peak intensity: higher peak intensities were obtained at lower additive concentrations (5mM ammonium formate), and with 5% water in positive ionization mode. Conversely, water had detrimental effects in negative ionization mode. The optimized method was used to quantify organic contaminants in 17 freshwater sediment samples from Copenhagen, Denmark. Out of 50 monitored contaminants, 35 were detected in at least one sample. Further, the method has a potential for target and nontarget screening analysis of organic contaminants in solid matrices.
Integrating tradition and innovation within a wine tourism and hospitality experience
Authors: Alonso Abel Duarte , Bressan Alessandro , Kim Oanh Vu Thi , Kok Seng Kiat , Atay Erhan
Published: October 2022

This study explores the strategic choices among wineries involved in wine tourism experiences, including whether they rely on tradition, fully embrace innovation, or combine both. The study, conducted between December of 2018 and January of 2019, draws on face‐to‐face interviews with 32 owners/managers of New World wineries that, on average, have operated for nearly three decades. The findings illustrate the predominance of the ‘traditional‐innovative school’, where production and winemaking processes amalgamate existing and emerging principles, methods, and technologies. The chosen inductive approach resulted in the development of several theoretical frameworks; based upon these, empirical and theoretical implications are drawn.
Knowledge management maturity assessment frameworks: A proposed holistic approach
Authors: Bougoulia Eirini , Glykas Michail
Published: October 2022

The paper aims to provide a systematic overview of the maturity models used in knowledge management (KM) with the purpose of identifying different perspectives, contributions, shortcomings, and implementation gaps. This study can be characterized as a theoretical research based on a systematic literature review. As a result of this analysis, KM key points and knowledge management maturity models (KMMMs) critical success factors (CSFs) are pointed out and recorded. The concept of standardization and its relation to KM, presenting known KM Standards and their core principles is explored. Even though there is a large number of publications on KM, a literature gap is identified in publications regarding the field of KM Standards and corresponding case studies. Based on the most widely spread critical success factors used in the knowledge management maturity assessment presented in the literature survey, the objective of this paper is to propose a holistic and integrated knowledge management maturity assessment framework encompassing the core guidelines of ISO 30401 in order to be used by researchers and practitioners for future reference in the form of a generic maturity assessment web matrix.
Resolving the complexity in Gen Z's envy occurrence: A cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Colmekcioglu Nazan , Dedeoglu Bekir Bora , Okumus Fevzi
Published: October 2022

Envy is an impactful emotion on consumer behaviors, yet envy is quite complex to be comprehended due to its two different forms (malicious and benign). Therefore, it is significant to find out the factors occurring envy to consume to understand the impact and consequences of envy. This empirical study improves our understanding of envy occurrence (malicious or benign) in Generation Z (Gen Z) consumers by comparing two countries (the United States and Mexico) as representing individualistic and collectivistic cultures. We apply complexity theory as a basis for the configurational model, which we test using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis. We use three configurations—personality, attitudes, and attached importance to participants on social networking sites—to explore causal recipes leading to malicious and benign envy. The findings of this study highlight the differences in Gen Z consumers' envy occurrence regarding configurational factors. In addition to said factors, this research indicates that culture plays a significant role in Gen Z's envy occurrence, thus contributing to the current knowledge set.