bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potent Synergistic Effect on C-Myc–Driven Colorectal Cancers Using a Novel Indole-Substituted Quinoline with a Plk1 Inhibitor
Authors: Xie Yanqi , Zhang Wen , Guo Lichao , Kril Liliia M. , Begley Kristin L. , Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Chen Xi , Liu Xifu , Lee Eun Y. , He Daheng , Wang Chi , Gao Tianyan , Liu Xiaoqi , Evers B. Mark , Watt David S. , Liu Chunming
Published: August 2021

Developing effective treatments for colorectal cancers through combinations of small-molecule approaches and immunotherapies present intriguing possibilities for managing these otherwise intractable cancers. During a broad-based, screening effort against multiple colorectal cancer cell lines, we identified indole-substituted quinolines (ISQ), such as N7,N7-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline-2,7-diamine (ISQ-1), as potent in vitro inhibitors of several cancer cell lines. We found that ISQ-1 inhibited Wnt signaling, a main driver in the pathway governing colorectal cancer development, and ISQ-1 also activated adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy–homeostasis master regulator. We explored the effect of ISQs on cell metabolism. Seahorse assays measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) indicated that ISQ-1 inhibited complex I (i.e., NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in the mitochondrial, electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, ISQ-1 treatment showed remarkable synergistic depletion of oncogenic c-Myc protein level in vitro and induced strong tumor remission in vivo when administered together with BI2536, a polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) inhibitor. These studies point toward the potential value of dual drug therapies targeting the ETC and Plk-1 for the treatment of c-Myc–driven cancers.
Targeting CDK4/6 Represents a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Acquired BRAF/MEK Inhibitor–Resistant Melanoma
Authors: Nassar Kelsey W. , Hintzsche Jennifer D. , Bagby Stacey M. , Espinoza Veronica , Langouët-Astrié Christophe , Amato Carol M. , Chimed Tugs-Saikhan , Fujita Mayumi , Robinson William , Tan Aik Choon , Schweppe Rebecca E.
Published: August 2021

There is a clear need to identify targetable drivers of resistance and potential biomarkers for salvage therapy for patients with melanoma refractory to the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibition. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on BRAF-V600E–mutant melanoma patient tumors refractory to the combination of BRAF/MEK inhibition and identified acquired oncogenic mutations in NRAS and loss of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A. We hypothesized the acquired resistance mechanisms to BRAF/MEK inhibition were reactivation of the MAPK pathway and activation of the cell-cycle pathway, which can both be targeted pharmacologically with the combination of a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib). In vivo, we found that combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition significantly decreased tumor growth in two BRAF/MEK inhibitor–resistant patient-derived xenograft models. In vitro, we observed that the combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition resulted in synergy and significantly reduced cellular growth, promoted cell-cycle arrest, and effectively inhibited downstream signaling of MAPK and cell-cycle pathways in BRAF inhibitor–resistant cell lines. Knockdown of CDKN2A in BRAF inhibitor–resistant cells increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition alone and in combination with MEK inhibition. A key implication of our study is that the combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors overcomes acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and loss of CDKN2A may represent a biomarker of response to the combination. Inhibition of the cell-cycle and MAPK pathway represents a promising strategy for patients with metastatic melanoma who are refractory to BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy.
Hsp90 Inhibitor STA9090 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Hyperthermia-Induced DNA Damage by Suppressing DNA-PKcs Protein Stability and mRNA Transcription
Authors: Liu Lixia , Deng Yaotang , Zheng Zhenming , Deng Zihao , Zhang Jinxin , Li Jieyou , Liang Manfeng , Zhou Xueqiong , Tan Wenchong , Yang Hongjun , Neckers Leonard M. , Zou Fei , Chen Xuemei
Published: August 2021

As a conserved molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) maintains the stability and homeostasis of oncoproteins and helps cancer cells survive. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) plays a pivotal role in the non-homologous end joining pathway for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair. Tumor cells contain higher levels of DNA-PKcs to survive by the hostile tumor microenvironment and various antitumor therapies. Here, we showed that increased levels of Hsp90α, Hsp90β, and DNA-PKcs correlated with a poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We revealed that Hsp90 N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain have different effects on DNA-PKcs protein and mRNA levels. The stability of DNA-PKcs depended on Hsp90α N-terminal nucleotide binding domain. Transcription factor SP1 regulates the transcription of PRKDC (gene name of DNA-PKcs) and is a client protein of Hsp90. Inhibition of Hsp90 N-terminal by STA9090 decreased the location of Hsp90α in nucleus, Hsp90α-SP1 interaction, SP1 level, and the binding of Hsp90α/SP1 at the proximal promoter region of PRKDC. Because hyperthermia induces DSBs with increases level of DNA-PKcs, combined STA9090 treatment with hyperthermia effectively delayed the tumor growth and significantly decreased DNA-PKcs levels in xenografts model. Consistently, inhibition of Hsp90 increased the number of heat shock–induced γ-H2AX foci and delayed the repair of DSBs. Altogether, our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitor STA9090 decreases DNA-PKcs protein stability and PRKDC mRNA level, which provide a theoretical basis for the promising combination therapy of hyperthermia and Hsp90 inhibitor in HCC.
Exosomal Noncoding RNAs in Hepatobiliary Cancer: A Rising Star
Authors: Zheng Wangyang , Ji Daolin , Zhou Yongxu , Yu Liang , Huang Peng , Zheng Yuling , Meng Nanfeng , Wang Hang , Bai Xue , Huang ZiYue , Chen Wangming , Yam Judy W.P. , Xu Yi , Cui Yunfu
Published: August 2021

Hepatobiliary cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive research efforts focused on these tumors, methods for early diagnosis and effective targeted therapies are still lacking. Exosomes, released by most cells, exist in all kinds of body fluids and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. They are small membranous vesicles containing biological molecules, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), which are not translated into proteins, but they exert effects on the regulation of gene transcription and translation. There is growing evidence for the essential roles of ncRNAs in exosomes in both physiologic and pathologic conditions of hepatobiliary cancers. They have been identified as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. The present review discusses recent findings in the cross-talk between hepatobiliary cancers cells and the surrounding cells of the microenvironment and discuss their potential clinical usage.
N-Glycosylation Patterns Correlate with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Genetic Subtypes
Authors: DelaCourt Andrew , Black Alyson , Angel Peggi , Drake Richard , Hoshida Yujin , Singal Amit , Lewin David , Taouli Bachir , Lewis Sara , Schwarz Myron , Fiel M. Isabel , Mehta Anand S.
Published: August 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally, and the incidence rate in the United States is increasing. Studies have identified inter- and intratumor heterogeneity as histologic and/or molecular subtypes/variants associated with response to certain molecular targeted therapies. Spatial HCC tissue profiling of N-linked glycosylation by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) may serve as a new method to evaluate the tumor heterogeneity. Previous work has identified significant changes in the N-linked glycosylation of HCC tumors but has not accounted for the heterogeneous genetic and molecular nature of HCC. To determine the correlation between HCC-specific N-glycosylation changes and genetic/molecular tumor features, we profiled HCC tissue samples with MALDI-IMS and correlated the spatial N-glycosylation with a widely used HCC molecular classification (Hoshida subtypes). MALDI-IMS data displayed trends that could approximately distinguish between subtypes, with subtype 1 demonstrating significantly dysregulated N-glycosylation versus adjacent nontumor tissue. Although there were no individual N-glycan structures that could identify specific subtypes, trends emerged regarding the correlation of branched glycan expression to HCC as a whole and fucosylated glycan expression to subtype 1 tumors specifically.

Implications:

Correlating N-glycosylation to specific subtypes offers the specific detection of subtypes of HCC, which could both enhance early HCC sensitivity and guide targeted clinical therapies.
In situ Tissue Regeneration in the Cornea from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Poudel Bijay K. , Robert Marie-Claude , Simpson Fiona C. , Malhotra Kamal , Jacques Ludovic , LaBarre Paul , Griffith May
Published: August 2021

Corneal blindness accounts for 5.1% of visual deficiency and is the fourth leading cause of blindness globally. An additional 1.5–2 million people develop corneal blindness each year, including many children born with or who later develop corneal infections. Over 90% of corneal blind people globally live in low- and middle-income regions (LMIRs), where corneal ulcers are approximately 10-fold higher compared to high-income countries. While corneal transplantation is an effective option for patients in high-income countries, there is a considerable global shortage of corneal graft tissue and limited corneal transplant programs in many LMIRs. In situ tissue regeneration aims to restore diseases or damaged tissues by inducing organ regeneration. This can be achieved in the cornea using biomaterials based on extracellular matrix (ECM) components like collagen, hyaluronic acid, and silk. Solid corneal implants based on recombinant human collagen type III were successfully implanted into patients resulting in regeneration of the corneal epithelium, stroma, and sub-basal nerve plexus. As ECM crosslinking and manufacturing methods improve, the focus of biomaterial development has shifted to injectable, in situ gelling formulations. Collagen, collagen-mimetic, and gelatin-based in situ gelling formulas have shown the ability to repair corneal wounds, surgical incisions, and perforations in in-vivo models. Biomaterial approaches may not be sufficient to treat inflammatory conditions, so other cell-free therapies such as treatment with tolerogenic exosomes and extracellular vesicles may improve treatment outcomes. Overall, many of the technologies described here show promise as future medical devices or combination products with cell or drug-based therapies. In situ tissue regeneration, particularly with liquid formulas, offers the ability to triage and treat corneal injuries and disease with a single regenerative solution, providing alternatives to organ transplantation and improving patient outcomes.
Hearing Impairment and Audiological Alterations in Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Topaloğlu Ömercan , Şahin Bayram
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Hearing loss may be associated with autoimmune diseases, but it was less studied in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). We aimed to evaluate hearing impairment and audiological alterations in adults with euthyroid HT. Methods: Adult patients with euthyroid HT (normal thyroid functions, positive antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO)/anti-thyroglobulin, and sonographic findings) were compared with controls. We excluded pregnant or older patients (>40 years), those with a history of otological/audiological disease or surgery, otitis media, acoustic trauma, chronic illnesses, use of alcohol, cigarette, medications, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear, antimitochondrial, antiparietal, antineutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-smooth muscle, or antigliadin antibodies, abnormal biochemical or otological findings. Tympanometry which indicates tympanic peak pressure (TPP, daPa), acoustic reflex testing (ART), pure-tone average (PTA), and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) were performed. We grouped the participants according to ART (positive/negative), TEOAE (normal/undetected), and PTA (≤20/>20 decibel). Results: Air conduction thresholds on the right ear at 500, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz, PTA, and the left ear at 250, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz were higher in euthyroid HT (n = 36) than in controls (n = 40) (p < 0.05). We found less negative TPP and a higher ratio of negative ART in euthyroid HT (p < 0.05). Euthyroid HT predicted undetected TEOAE and increased hearing threshold on the right ear at 500 and 8,000 Hz (p < 0.001). TEOAE detected audiological abnormality at a higher rate. Anti-TPO was positively correlated with TPP and air conduction thresholds, except the right ear at 8,000 Hz. Discussion/Conclusion: Hearing and audiological tests may be impaired in euthyroid HT. We recommend close monitoring of audiological functions in these patients. TE­OAE more specifically indicates audiological abnormality.
Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Authors: Russi Carlos Henrique , Carvalho Fernando , Althoff Sérgio Luiz
Published: August 2021

Phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) are key elements for the maintenance of New World forests, but little information on their distribution is available in some regions of Brazil. Here we use occurrence records and bioclimatic variables to model the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Santa Catarina, a subtropical Brazilian state. Estimates of geographic variation in species richness were then obtained by stacking the generated maps. Lastly, we tested how associated species richness is to ecoregions and Protected Areas. Our results suggest that the phyllostomid bats species richness is closely linked to the region’s climate gradient. Most species are restricted to the Serra do Mar ecoregion, where the temperature is high and varies less throughout the year. In contrast, the colder areas seem to house extremely simple communities, composed of a subset of the species present in the warmer areas. We found significant evidence that Protected Areas in Santa Catarina play an important role in the conservation of species, although there are still several places where species richness is high, but no Protected Area is available. The creation of new Protected Areas in these places can boost the species conservation, and, consequently, the ecological services provided by phyllostomid bats.
Mídia e memória da ditadura brasileira: a história e os usos políticos do passado
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Goulart , Bertol Rachel
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do artigo é discutir até que ponto a sociedade brasileira se encontra em um novo momento de debates e controvérsias sobre a ditadura militar, levando-se em conta aportes dos estudos de memória e sua relação com as mídias. Esse processo teria começado a se tornar mais evidente desde o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff em 2016, e os primeiros meses da pandemia de Covid-19 seriam um momento de inflexão e intensificação desse curso. Sugerimos que há configurações midiáticas específicas que teriam contribuído para o silenciamento dessa questão na sociedade ao longo de muitos anos e, agora, sua retomada. Destaca-se o fato de que o processo recente foi iniciado em grande parte nos segmentos de extrema-direita.
A grande novidade do rádio na internet é o... áudio!
Authors: Vicente Eduardo
Published: August 2021

O artigo busca refletir sobre como nossa visão historicamente construída acerca do rádio pode estar dificultando uma discussão mais aprofundada das novas possibilidades expressivas e usos sociais do áudio, potencializados por práticas de produção e difusão contemporâneas como a do podcasting. Para tanto, o texto busca retomar as contribuições de teóricos que estudaram o veículo em diferentes momentos, com destaque especial para Arnheim (1936), Faus Belau (1973), Ortriwano (1985) e Cebrián Herreros (2001), com vistas a repensá-las criticamente no contexto atual. São ilustradas também algumas das possibilidades de uso da linguagem radiofônica exploradas atualmente, em especial, dentro do universo do podcasting.
Oferta de produção audiovisual durante a pandemia de Covid-19: estratégias e adaptações da Rede Globo e Netflix
Authors: Vieira Mônica de Fátima Rodrigues Nunes , Costa Ana Paula Silva Ladeira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo busca compreender os reflexos das restrições da pandemia de Covid-19 na oferta de produtos audiovisuais de duas importantes janelas de conteúdo no Brasil em 2020 – a Rede Globo, emissora generalista de maior audiência, e a Netflix, plataforma de streaming com maior base de assinantes. A partir de pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, e do estudo da grade de programação e do catálogo dos respectivos objetos em análise, verificou-se que os impactos provocados pelo isolamento social fizeram-se mais evidentes na Rede Globo do que na Netflix. Na televisão, a pandemia gerou a necessidade de descentralização da produção, alterações na grade e adaptações nos formatos para seguir oferecendo uma programação inédita. Já na Netflix, percebeu-se o aumento da oferta, apesar de atrasos em dublagens e em algumas produções.
Association of Subjective Social Status With Life's Simple 7s Cardiovascular Health Index Among Hispanic/Latino People: Results From the HCHS/SOL
Authors: Piedra Lissette M. , Andrade Flavia C. D. , Hernandez Rosalba , Perreira Krista M. , Gallo Linda C. , González Hector M. , Gonzalez Sara , Cai Jianwen , Chen Jinsong , Castañeda Sheila F. , Tabb K. M. , Talavera Gregory A. , Durazo‐Arvizu Ramon A. , Daviglus Martha L.
Published: August 2021

Background

Evidence suggests that subjective (perceived) social status (SSS) may predict health outcomes more strongly than objective social status, but little is known about the relationship between SSS and cardiovascular health (CVH). This study focuses on this relationship among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults because while poor CVH profiles are prevalent in this population, immigration complicates attempts to measure their social status.

Methods and Results

We analyzed baseline HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) data on 15 374 Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18 to 74 years in 2008 to 2011. SSS was assessed using the McArthur Scale, a 10‐rung “social ladder.” CVH was based on levels of 7 metrics defined by the American Heart Association. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine cross‐sectional associations of SSS with CVH (overall and single metrics) after adjusting for objective social status, demographic, and health factors. Less than half of the population (46%) had Ideal scores in ≥4 metrics of CVH. In multivariable‐adjusted models, an increase in SSS was associated with a higher overall CVH score (β=0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.06) and greater likelihood of Ideal levels of body mass index, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose levels. Nativity and time in the United States modified the association between SSS and Ideal smoking.

Conclusions

Subjective measures of social status can enhance an understanding of CVH among Hispanic/Latino people. Future studies should explore the stability of SSS over time in comparison with objective social status and the mechanisms through which SSS may influence CVH.
Suprasternal Versus Transfemoral Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From a Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Brener Michael I. , Olds Anna , Nemeth Samantha , Kurlansky Paul , Nazif Tamim M. , Vahl Torsten P. , Khalique Omar K. , Hamid Nadira B. , Patel Amisha , Ng Vivian G. , Chen Shmuel , Cahill Thomas J. , Rahim Hussein M. , Hahn Rebecca T. , Bapat Vinayak , Sarraf Mohammad , Ahmed Mustafa I. , Leon Martin B. , Kodali Susheel , Eudailey Kyle W. , George Isaac
Published: August 2021

Background

Suprasternal access is an alternative access strategy for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) where the innominate artery is cannulated from an incision above the sternal notch. To date, suprasternal access has never been compared with transfemoral TAVR. Thus, we sought to assess safety, feasibility, and early clinical outcomes between suprasternal and transfemoral access for patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods and Results

We evaluated patients from 2 institutional prospective, observational registries containing 1348 patients. Patients were selected in a 2:1 ratio (transfemoral:suprasternal) on the basis of propensity score matching. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included the incidence of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, vascular injury, left bundle‐branch block, and permanent pacemaker implantation at 30‐day follow‐up. Propensity score matching identified 89 patients undergoing suprasternal TAVR and 159 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR suitable for analysis. There was no significant difference between suprasternal TAVR and transfemoral TAVR with respect to in‐hospital mortality (1.1% versus 0.6%; odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 0.11–29.06;
P
=0.680). No patients in either cohort suffered an ischemic stroke. The incidence of major bleeding (2.2% versus 2.5%; OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.16–4.96;
P
=0.895) and vascular injury (1.1% versus 1.9%; OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.06–5.77;
P
=0.651) did not differ significantly. The frequency of left bundle‐branch block (9.4% versus 15.8%; OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.24–1.30;
P
=0.177) and permanent pacemaker implantation (11.2% versus 5.9%; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 0.75–5.45;
P
=0.169) were not statistically significantly different.

Conclusions

Suprasternal TAVR was safe and achieved promising short‐term clinical outcomes when compared with transfemoral TAVR. Future studies seeking to identify the optimal alternative access site should evaluate suprasternal TAVR access alongside other substitutes for transfemoral TAVR.
Bypassing the Social Distance: International Catholic Community, Friendship, and Homemaking among Expatriates in Brno
Authors: Fujda Milan , Ondrašinová Michaela , Vrzal Miroslav
Published: August 2021

We analyze the role of intimate social ties and community in the processes of homemaking and social integration of highly skilled migrants who are members of the local international Catholic community in Brno, Czech Republic. We use the concepts of bonding and bridging social capital developed by Michael W. Foley and Dean R. Hoge and follow their attention to the effects of the worship communities’ organizational culture on migrants’ integration. In the article, we show that the Catholic community mediates its members’ homemaking efficiently by providing them with rich bonding social capital, generated through close social ties in the community. However, it does not provide them with enough bridging social capital, and their social integration, thus, remains restricted to the company of international fellows. We compare it with the strategies of homemaking used by settling migrants who have integrated more successfully into the Czech social environment.
Proselytism and Ostentation: a Critical Discourse Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights’ Case Law on Religious Symbols
Authors: Evolvi Giulia , Gatti Mauro
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) case law about religious symbols (N=27) from 2001 to 2018, exploring the following questions: What discourses does the ECtHR employ in cases about religious symbols? How do ECtHR’s discourses about religious symbols evolve in time? The data is innovatively analyzed through critical discourse analysis and leads to two findings: first, the ECtHR tends to endorse ‘Christian secularism,’ considering Christian symbols as compatible with secularism but not Muslim symbols; second, ECtHR discourses occasionally become more favorable to Muslim applicants over time, but the evolution of case law is not linear.
[RETRACTED] Modeling the Theory-Form: Beyond the Elements of Observational Postulation
Authors: Erkan Ekin
Published: August 2021

We formalize a theory of the subject by sketching a pragmatic functional hierarchy of sapient cognition. Our expanded framework attempts to articulate a normative understanding of discursive cognition by demarcating its functional propriety within a naturalist rejoinder, seeing in the functional development of cognition from pre-discursive to discursive abilities an increase and refinement in representational competence found in non-intentional systems. We therein explain how sapient cognitive systems not only engage in patterns of material and formal inference to map intensional relations between phenomena in nature through theoretical and practical reasonings, but also engage in practices of theoretical construction and systematic integration through techniques of formalization that make the unity of nature and thought progressively intelligible. We trace the development of mind in its representational function from barren discriminatory capacities, shared with inanimate objects, to complex theory-forming systematizing conceptual abilities enabling agents to theoretically map and intervene upon the world of which they are part, and to embed the informational indexes they register from the environment that makes globally explicit the objective modal structure of the world.
The syntax and prosody of focus in Northern Amis (Formosan)
Authors: Bril Isabelle , Skopeteas Stavros
Published: August 2021

This article outlines the strategies for expressing focus in Northern Amis (Formosan). Three types of focus constructions are examined: cleft constructions, focus markers and emphatic lengthening. Focus by clefting is subject to the well-known nominative-only constraint on extraction and relativization found in Formosan and Philippine type languages (Keenan & Comrie 1977), such that a clefted constituent must be the syntactic pivot of the verb in the relative clause containing the presupposition, and its semantic role is co-indexed by the appropriate voice marker on the verb. The other strategies of focus marking do not involve any syntactic restructuring; the focus markers determine the focus domain by their placement on the right side of the focus, while emphatic lengthening is merely a prosodic device locally marking the focused entity. The prosodic examination of these constructions reveals that narrow focus is signaled by a sharp rise, that is aligned with the onset of the stressed syllable of the focus and is optionally accompanied by postfocal de-accenting. These prosodic properties apply to all focus constructions.
Specification predication: Unexpectedness and cleft constructions in Tagalog
Authors: Latrouite Anja
Published: August 2021

English exhibits a large number of cleft constructions. Out of these constructions, the English it-cleft construction, which may express more than one information-structural packaging (Declerck 1988), is often taken to translate syntactically rather different constructions in other languages. In this paper, I will explore the morphosyntactic make-up and functional range of a construction in Tagalog that is often equated with, or translated by, but vastly more frequent, than the English it-cleft in our corpus. In a first step, the notion of cleft construction will be reviewed and critically investigated with respect to how appropriate it is for a language like Tagalog. In a second step, the discourse function of the ang-inversion construction in contrast to the English cleft constructions is explored on the basis of examples taken from the Tagalog version of the trilogy The Hunger Games Trilogy (Collins, 2008-2010; translated into Tagalog by Janis de los Reyes, 2012). A crucial goal is to gain a better understanding of those cases, in which the Tagalog ang-construction is used, but the English cleft construction is ruled out or at least dispreferred.
On some Afrotropical Harpalus, with description of two new species, and remarks on Hypharpax australis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): misidentification, mislabeling, and introduction to the Australian region
Authors: KATAEV BORIS M.
Published: August 2021

New data on taxonomy of several Afrotropical species of Harpalus Latreille, 1802 are provided, with special attention to the species recorded outside the African continent. Two new species from East Africa are described: H. pseudoasemus sp. n. from Tanzania and Kenya (type locality: Oldonyo Dambu, 15 km north of Arusha, Tanzania), and H. merkli sp. n. from Ethiopia (type locality: Chercher). Harpalus impressus Roth, 1851, H. asemus Basilewsky, 1947, H. fuscoaeneus Dejean, 1829, H. australasiae Dejean, 1829, and H. parvulus Dejean, 1829 are re-described based on the types and additional material, and the diagnostic characters of Hypharpax australis (Dejean, 1829) are given. Harpalus australasiae sensu Larochelle & Larivière, 2005 (non Dejean, 1829) is treated as conspecific with the Afrotropical H. parvulus which was introduced to Australia and New Zealand. The genus Anisochirus Jeannel, 1946, stat. resurr. is restored for most of the Madagascan and Mascarene species included previously in Harpalus. The members of this genus differ from those of Harpalus in having glabrous paraglossae. The status and taxonomic position of Anisochirus is discussed. The following synonymies are proposed: Harpalus impressus Roth, 1851 = H. sundaicus Schauberger, 1933, syn. n., and H. asemus Basilewsky, 1947 (January 30) = H. hamasiensis G. Müller, 1947 (September 30), syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for H. impressus and H. fuscoaeneus.
New genera, new species and new combinations for some African Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
Authors: HODGSON CHRIS J.
Published: August 2021

In the past, various authors have placed many species in genera that are now understood to be restricted to other regions of the world. Thus, in Africa, species of soft scale (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with this problem are those in Ceronema Maskell, a genus probably restricted to Australia; Ceroplastodes Cockerell, probably restricted to the New World; and Inglisia Maskell, which is restricted to New Zealand. The placement of these species is reviewed here. Four of the known Ceronema species are placed in three new monotypic genera, Neoceronema gen. nov., Illovococcus gen. nov. and Bugandacoccus gen. nov., as Neoceronema africanum (Macfie) comb. nov., N. brachystegiae (Hall) comb. nov., Illovococcus mobilis (Brain) comb. nov. and Bugandacoccus gowdeyi (Newstead) comb. nov.; Ceroplastodes ritchiei Laing and C. zavatarii Bellio are transferred to Drepanococcus Williams & Watson, as D. ritchiei (Laing) comb. nov. and D. zavattarii (Bellio), comb. nov., and Inglisia grevilliae Hall, I. pluvialis Hodgson and I. theobromae Newstead are transferred to Cryptinglisia Cockerell as C. grevilliae (Hall) comb. nov., C. pluvialis (Hodgson) comb. nov. and C. theobromae (Newstead) comb. nov. Keys are provided to all Drepanococcus and Cryptinglisia species, and all the African species discussed are illustrated. In addition, another new genus of African Coccidae is described, Testudovestis gen. nov., to take a new species somewhat similar to Eucalymnatus Cockerell: T. africana spec. nov. In addition, a new species of Coccus L.: Coccus moorei, spec. nov., and a new species of mealybug (Heliococcus tinglei spec. nov., Pseudococcidae), are described, both from mainland Africa. The lecanodiaspid Lecanodiaspis zygophylli Hodgson is also recorded from Nigeria for the first time.
Rediscovery of Liara (Unalianus) heteracanthus (Redtenbacher, 1891) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini) from India with notes on its distribution
Authors: KUMAR HIRDESH , KUSHWAHA SANDEEP , CHAND D. SURESH
Published: August 2021

More than one hundred years after its description, a male specimen of Liara (Unalianus) heteracanthus (Redtenbacher, 1891) was collected at a new locality in the Mizoram State, India. Opportunity is taken to redescribe and illustrate this specimen.
Book review: Kaveh Yazdani and Dilip M. Menon, eds, Capitalisms: Towards a Global History
Authors: Banaji Jairus
Published: August 2021

Kaveh Yazdani and Dilip M. Menon, eds, Capitalisms: Towards a Global History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2020, 397 pp.
Raising a Politically Engaged Generation: When Parental Influence Matters Most
Authors: Bacovsky Pavel , Fitzgerald Jennifer
Published: August 2021

At what ages are young people most open to political influence? We test the “formative years” model that underscores the importance of childhood experiences for political development against the “impressionable years” model that asserts the primacy of lessons learned during adolescence. To assess the relative merits of these competing models, we develop a new analytical strategy: the Retrospective Family Context approach. We estimate the political engagement levels of 18-year-olds as a function of annual measures of their parents’ political engagement levels over the course of the prior decade. German household panel data analysis shows that parental cues sink in quite effectively during late childhood, ages 9 to 11, and during the late teens. These results illuminate an essential dimension of political development, and they can inform efforts to encourage young people’s political participation.
Discovering the role model of authors by embedding research history
Authors: Jeon Hyeon-Ju , Jung Jason J
Published: August 2021

A role model that supports career planning is important for authors in the academic area to improve research abilities. In this study, we discovered a role model in bibliographic networks based on two perspectives: (1) high research performance to be exemplary and (2) a similar research history that can be easily followed by authors. We assume that the year-wise subgraphs in the dynamic bibliographic network signify the ‘research history’. We discovered role models of authors in three steps: (1) learning vector representations of research history in dynamic bibliographic networks, (2) measuring the similarity of authors according to the research history and (3) visualising role models. With this process, we can recommend a reasonable role model whose research path the authors can easily follow. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of the research history embeddings and the accuracy of the recommended role model in a real data set.
Psychiatry, psychotherapy and the criminalisation of ‘conversion therapy’ in Australia
Authors: Parkinson AM Patrick , Morris AM Philip
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To examine laws in three Australian jurisdictions that prohibit therapy to change or suppress a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity.

Conclusions:

The laws in Victoria and the ACT provide inadequate protection for clinically appropriate psychiatric practice and may deprive patients of mental health care.
Advance Care Planning in Chronically Ill Patients With an Episodic Disease Trajectory in the Acute Care Setting: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Williams Molly T. , Karlekar Mohana , Coogan Anne , Shifrin Megan , Ascenzi Judy
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Advance care planning (ACP) is a fluid discussion between patients and providers to define preferences for future medical care. In the acute care setting, ACP is limited due to lack of structured process for identifying persons who may benefit from ACP. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase the frequency of ACP discussions and documentation of preferences by targeting geriatric patients with an episodic disease trajectory for ACP.

Methods:

This project used an intervention and comparison group design to target English-speaking, geriatric adults at a large academic medical center with a diagnosis of NYHA class III/IV HF and/or GOLD criteria III/IV COPD for ACP discussions. The intervention group was compared to a group with a range of diagnoses who were approached in a non-systematic way.

Results:

Thirteen (n = 13) participants completed all aspects of the QI project. Results showed a non-significant increase in the number of patients with a diagnosis of HF and/or COPD who participated in an ACP discussion when compared to the comparison group (n = 20, p = 0.131), as well as a non-significant increase in the number of ACP tools documented in the HER (53.8% compared to 30%) (x = 1.877, p = 0.171).

Conclusion:

While this project demonstrated non-significant statistical results in the incidence and documentation of an ACP tool, this project increased the number of ACP discussions had, which is clinically significant.
Weightbearing CT Analysis of the Transverse Tarsal Joint During Eversion and Inversion
Authors: Rowe Nicholas , Robertson Cassandra E. , Singh Stuti , Campbell John T. , Jeng Clifford L.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Understanding of the movement and function of the transverse tarsal joint (TTJt) continues to evolve. Most studies have been done in cadavers or under nonphysiologic conditions. Weightbearing computed tomographic (WBCT) scans may provide more accurate information about the position of the TTJt when the hindfoot is in valgus or varus.

Methods:

Five volunteers underwent bilateral weightbearing CT scans while standing on a platform that positioned both hindfeet in 20 degrees of valgus and 20 degrees of varus. Each bone of the foot was segmented, and the joint surfaces of the talus, calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular were identified. The principal axes for each joint surface were determined and used to calculate the angles and distances between the bones with the foot in valgus or varus.

Results:

In the coronal plane, the angle between the talus and calcaneus rotated 17.1 degrees as the hindfoot moved from valgus to varus. The distance between the centers of the talus and calcaneus decreased 7.1 mm. The cuboid translated 3.9 mm medially relative to the calcaneus. There was no change in angle or distance between the cuboid and navicular. The navicular rotated 25.4 degrees into varus relative to the talus.

Conclusion:

The TTJt locking mechanism was previously thought to occur from the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint axes moving from parallel to divergent as the hindfoot inverts. The current data show a more complex interaction between the four bones that comprise the TTJt and suggests that the locking mechanism may occur because of tightening of the ligaments and joint capsules.

Clinical relevance:

This study uses weight bearing CT scans of healthy, asymptomatic volunteers standing on valgus and varus platforms to characterize the normal motion of the transverse tarsal joint of the foot. A better understanding of how the transverse tarsal joint functions may assist clinicians in both the conservative and surgical management of hindfoot pathology.
Childhood Trajectories of Hyperactivity/Inattention Symptoms and Diurnal Cortisol in Middle Adolescence: Results from a UK Birth Cohort
Authors: Ji Dongying , Flouri Eirini , Papachristou Efstathios , Francesconi Marta
Published: August 2021

Objective

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whether the association between hyperactivity/inattention symptoms with HPA axis dysfunction holds in the general child population too is not clear.

Method

We assessed associations between longitudinal trajectories of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms during ages 4 to 13 years and basal cortisol profiles at age 15 in a British general population cohort.

Results

Adolescents with persistently high levels of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms since childhood showed lower total morning cortisol and a smaller diurnal decline, even after adjusting for confounders. No associations were found between any of the symptom trajectories and cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope or daily output of cortisol.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for hypocortisolism among adolescents with chronic hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in the general population.
From discretion to standardization: Digitalization of the police organization
Authors: Gundhus Helene OI , Talberg Niri , Wathne Christin T
Published: August 2021

In this article, we aim to examine whether intelligence-led policing in police practice reinforces the control model of the police organization. We argue that digitalization of police working life resurrects several of Taylor’s management principles, such as greater division of labor, specialization, standardization and focus on measurable and efficient processes. Drawing on empirical research via two cross-sectional surveys, focus group and individual in-depth interviews with 40 Norwegian police officers, we analyze the extent to which this is conditioned by how work processes are organized and how knowledge practices are operationalized and standardized. We show perceptions of standardization that break up policing processes and lead to greater control over which tasks the front line performs and how these should be carried out. As a result, traditional police discretion becomes more standardized, constrained and de-contextualized. This is reinforced by the implementation of intelligence-led policing to manage knowledge within the police organization, which may eventually lead to a more top-down, bureaucratic and fragmented style of policing. Thus police professionalism becomes understood as being greater standardization and organizational control. An unintended consequence is a shift towards digitalized neo-Taylorism in policing, with implications for de-skilling of the police. The results demonstrate a managerialist view of the police organization, in which top-down steering and use of technology ultimately lead to a narrowing of police discretion and a more invisible high-policing style of police that may increase militarization of the police organization.
Direct tuning of gain-scheduled controller for electro-pneumatic clutch position control
Authors: Yahagi Shuichi , Kajiwara Itsuro
Published: August 2021

This study proposes a gain-scheduled controller with direct tuning for the position control of a pneumatic clutch actuator that is installed in heavy-duty trucks. Pneumatic clutch actuators are highly nonlinear systems and cannot be easily controlled. Industries require a simple controller design that is easy to understand and requires few trial-and-error calibrations. Therefore, we adopted a gain-scheduled proportional integral derivative (PID) control law, which is a well-known and easy-to-understand nonlinear control method. In this approach, a gain scheduler is expressed using polynomials composed of coefficient parameters and controlled object states. The unknown coefficient parameters of the polynomials are directly tuned from the controlled object input/output data without having to use a controlled object model. The proposed controller design procedure is simple and does not require system identification or trial-and-error tuning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an experiment using an actual vehicle. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for the position control of pneumatic clutch actuators.
Detecting myasthenia gravis as a cause of unclear dysphagia with an endoscopic tensilon test
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Im Sun , Labeit Bendix , Zwolinskaya Olga , Suntrup-Krüger Sonja , Oelenberg Stephan , Ahring Sigrid , Schilling Matthias , Meuth Sven , Melzer Nico , Wiendl Heinz , Ruck Tobias , Dziewas Rainer
Published: August 2021

Aims:

The flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing-tensilon test (FTT) was developed to diagnose myasthenia gravis (MG) in patients with unclear pharyngeal dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to determine sensitivity and specificity of the FTT and compare its diagnostic validity with that of other diagnostic markers.

Methods:

In this single-centre pragmatic clinical cohort study, a total of 100 patients with unclear pharyngeal dysphagia were eligible to undergo FTT. All patients were subjected to FTT and subsequently followed up clinically. FTT was considered positive if a significant improvement of pharyngeal swallowing function could be objectified endoscopically upon administration of edrophonium chloride. In addition, repetitive nerve stimulation test and serum MG antibody analysis were conducted.

Results:

All subjects (mean age 62.5 ± 14.1 years, female 33) underwent FTT without any complications. According to the results of the diagnostic procedures and based on long-term clinical follow-up for at least 3 years, 51 patients were finally diagnosed with MG. The sensitivity and specificity for the FTT was 88.2% and 95.9%, respectively. Application of the Cochran’s Q test showed statistically significant heterogeneity among the diagnostic tests, with results indicating FTT performance to be more accurate than the repetitive nerve stimulation results ( p < 0.001) and comparable with serum antibody tests ( p > 0.99).

Conclusion:

FTT has excellent clinical properties to be used routinely in the assessment of dysphagia with isolated or predominant pharyngeal muscle involvement allowing rapid and accurate diagnosis of MG.
Sonographic Detection of Congenital Intestinal Malrotation: A Case Report
Authors: Hunt Talisha M. , Thacker Paul G.
Published: August 2021

Intestinal malrotation is a rare fetal anomaly resulting from the failure of midgut rotation and fixation. Sonography is typically the first modality of choice for assessing pediatric pathology due to its high sensitivity, portability, real-time imaging capability, and non-ionizing technique; however, its role in diagnosing small bowel rotational anomalies remains limited and controversial. Fluoroscopic upper gastrointestinal imaging (UGI) is the primary diagnostic examination at most institutions. However, even on UGI, imaging findings may be equivocal. In such cases, sonography may provide additional information at facilities where it is not used as a primary diagnostic tool. This case report represents the first reported case showing how patient position is important as the typical vascular sonographic features of rotation were normal in one position but abnormal in another. In addition, this case shows how congenital intestinal malrotation was decisively diagnosed using sonographic imaging.