bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CarboGrove: a resource of glycan-binding specificities through analyzed glycan-array datasets from all platforms
Authors: Klamer Zachary L. , Harris Chelsea M. , Beirne Jonathan M. , Kelly Jessica E. , Zhang Jian , Haab Brian B.
Published: November 2021

The volume and value of glycan-array data are increasing, but no common method and resource exists to analyze, integrate, and use the available data. To meet this need, we developed a resource of analyzed glycan-array data called CarboGrove. Building on the ability to process and interpret data from any type of glycan array, we populated the database with the results from 35 types of glycan arrays, 13 glycan families, 5 experimental methods, and 19 laboratories or companies. In meta-analyses of glycan-binding proteins, we observed glycan-binding specificities that were not uncovered from single sources. In addition, we confirmed the ability to efficiently optimize selections of glycan-binding proteins to be used in experiments for discriminating between closely related motifs. CarboGrove yields unprecedented access to the wealth of glycan-array data being produced and powerful capabilities for both experimentalists and bioinformaticians.

Teaser

We introduce a resource that allows researchers to find, compare, study, and integrate analyses from all types of glycan-array data.
Neophobia and innovation in critically endangered Bali myna,Leucopsar rothschildi
Authors: Miller Rachael , Garcia-Pelegrin Elias , Danby Emily
Published: November 2021

Cognition underlies animal behaviour, which is key to successful conservation strategies, yet largely under-utilised in conservation, though there are recent calls for closer integration. Conservation-relevant cognitive abilities can impact on adaptability and survival, such as neophobia, e.g., responses to novelty, and innovation e.g., problem-solving, particularly in today’s changing world. Bali myna are a critically endangered endemic species, which are a focus of active conservation efforts, including reintroductions. Therefore, gathering cognitive data can aid in improving and developing conservation strategies, like pre-release training and individual selection for release. In 22 captive Bali myna, we tested neophobia (novel object, novel food, control conditions), innovation (bark, cup, lid conditions) and individual repeatability. We found effects of condition and social environment, including longer latencies to touch familiar food in presence than absence of novel items, and between problem-solving tasks, as well as in the presence of conspecifics, compared with being alone, or with conspecifics and competing heterospecifics. Individuals were repeatable in latency responses: 1) temporally in both experiments; 2) contextually in innovation experiment and between both experiments (and approach order), suggesting a stable behaviour trait. These findings are an important starting point for improving conservation strategies in Bali myna and other similarly threatened species.
Transcriptional regulation of neonatal neural stem cells is a determinant of social behavior
Authors: Hiramoto Takeshi , Boku Shuken , Kang Gina , Abe Seiji , Barbachan e Silva Mariel , Tanigaki Kenji , Nagashima Masako , Ye Kenny , Yamauchi Takahira , Michurina Tatyana V. , Broin Pilib Ó , Enikolopov Grigori , Hiroi Noboru
Published: November 2021

Rare gene variants confer a high level of penetrance to neurodevelopmental disorders, but their developmental origin and cellular substrates remain poorly understood. To address this limitation, we explored the role ofTBX1, a gene encoded in a rare copy number variant, in cell and mouse models. Here, we report that neonatalTbx1deficiency contributes to defective peripubertal social behavior and impairs the proliferation of neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, TBX1 transcriptionally regulates genes linked to post-embryonic neurogenesis and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with other rare gene variants. Our data indicate a precise time window and cell type through which the social dimension is altered by a gene encoded in a rare CNV and provide a potential common mechanistic basis for a group of neurodevelopmental disorders.

One-Sentence Summary

Tbx1, a gene affecting neonatal stem cell proliferation, influences peripubertal social behavior.
Multimodal interrogation of ventral pallidum projections reveals projection-specific signatures and opposite roles in cocaine withdrawal
Authors: Bernat Nimrod , Campbell Rianne , Nam Hyungwoo , Basu Mahashweta , Odesser Tal , Elyasaf Gal , Engeln Michel , Chandra Ramesh , Golden Shana , Ament Seth , Lobo Mary Kay , Kupchik Yonatan M.
Published: November 2021

The ventral pallidum (VP) is central to reward seeking and withdrawal from drugs of abuse. A characteristic of the VP is the diversity of its projection targets. Yet, it remains unknown whether different VP projections also differ in other aspects, such as their transcriptome, physiology and relevance to drug reward. In this study we perform a multimodal dissection of four major projections of the VP – to the lateral hypothalamus (VP→LH), ventral tegmental area (VP→VTA), lateral habenula (VP→LHb) and mediodorsal thalamus (VP→MDT) – with physiological, anatomical, genetic and behavioral tools and show significant differences between projections in all aspects. Specifically, the VP→LHand VP→VTAprojections show minimal overlap and stand out as having opposite properties – VP→LHneurons show higher excitability compared to VP→VTAneurons, different pattern of inputs and differentially expressed genes. Moreover, inhibition of VP→LHprojections diminishes, while inhibition of VP→VTAenhances cocaine preference after cocaine withdrawal. This demonstrates that VP projections are heterogenous neuron populations with different roles in cocaine withdrawal.
A Cryptic K48 Ubiquitin Chain Binding Site on UCH37 is Required for its Role in Proteasomal Degradation
Authors: Du Jiale , Babik Sandor , Li Yanfeng , Deol Kirandeep K. , Eyles Stephen J. , Fejzo Jasna , Tonelli Marco , Strieter Eric R.
Published: November 2021

Degradation by the 26S proteasome is an intricately regulated process fine-tuned by the precise nature of ubiquitin modifications attached to a protein substrate. By debranching ubiquitin chains composed of K48 linkages, the proteasome-associated ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase UCHL5/UCH37 serves as a positive regulator of protein degradation. How UCH37 achieves specificity for K48 chains is unclear. Here, we use a combination of hydrogen-deuterium mass spectrometry, chemical crosslinking, small-angle X-ray scattering, NMR, molecular docking, and targeted mutagenesis to uncover a cryptic K48 ubiquitin chain specific binding site on the opposite face of UCH37 relative to the canonical S1 ubiquitin-binding site. Biochemical assays demonstrate the K48 chain-specific binding site is required for chain debranching and proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins modified with branched chains. Using quantitative proteomics, translation shutoff experiments, and linkage-specific affinity tools, we then identify specific proteins whose degradation depends on the debranching activity of UCH37. Our findings suggest that UCH37 and potentially other DUBs could use more than one S1 site to perform different biochemical functions.
A three-dimensional manganese(II) coordination polymer with two functional properties: magnetism and photochemical detection
Authors: Zhao Dan , An Yanyan , Guo Tingting , Yan Juanzhi , Song Danmei
Published: November 2021

Hydrothermal reaction of Mn2+ with the ditopic ligand 2,5-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid (Hdtba) resulted in the complex poly[aqua[μ3-2,5-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κ3
N
4:N
4′:O]chloridomanganese(II)] monohydrate], {[Mn(C11H7N6O2)Cl(H2O)]·H2O}
n
, (I). Coordination polymer I has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and susceptibility measurements. The topology of I corresponds to a three-dimensional (3,6)-conn net linked by {Mn2Cl2(COO)2} building blocks and dtba− anions. Significant antiferromagnetic exchange is observed within the dinuclear {Mn2Cl2(COO)2} subunits. A fit of the susceptibility data resulted in the magnetic parameters g = 1.93 and J = −1.52. Studies of the photoluminescence properties revealed that I represents a promising luminescence sensor for sensitively detecting dichromate ions in aqueous solution. The associated photochemical detection mechanism was studied in detail.
The structures of 1:1 and 1:2 adducts of phosphanetricarbonitrile with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Authors: Purdy Andrew P. , Butcher Ray J. , Klug Christopher A.
Published: November 2021

In the structures of 1:1 and 1:2 adducts of phosphanetricarbonitrile (C3N3P) with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (C6H12N2), the 1:1 adduct crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group,Pbcm, with four formula units in the unit cell (Z′ = 0.5). The P(CN)3unit lies on a crystallographic mirror plane while the C6H12N2unit lies on a crystallographic twofold axis passing through one of the C—C bonds. The P(CN)3moiety has close toC3vsymmetry and is stabilized by forming adducts with two symmetry-related C6H12N2units. The phosphorus atom is in a five-coordinate environment. As a result of the symmetry, the twotransangles are equal so τ5= 0.00 and thus the geometrical description could be considered to be square pyramidal. However, the electronic geometry is distorted octahedral with the lone pair on the phosphorous occupying the sixth position. As would be expected from VSEPR considerations, the repulsion of the lone-pair electrons with the equatorial bonding electrons means that thetransangles for the latter are considerably reduced from 180° to 162.01 (4)°, so the best description of the overall geometry for phosphorus is distorted square pyramidal. The 1:2 adduct crystallizes in the monoclinic space group,P21/mwith two formula units in the asymmetric unit (i.e. Z' = 1/2). The P(CN)3moiety lies on a mirror plane and one of the two C6H12N2(dabco) molecules also lies on a mirror plane. The symmetry of the P(CN)3unit is close toC3v.There are three P...N interactions and consequently the molecular geometry of the phosphorus atom is distorted octahedral. This must mean that the lone pair of electrons on the phosphorus atom is not sterically active. For the 1:1 adduct, there are weak associations between the phosphorus atom and one of the terminal nitrogen atoms from the C[triple-bond] N moiety, forming chains in thea-axis direction. In addition there are weak C—H...N interactions between a terminal nitrogen atoms from the C[triple-bond]N moiety and the C6H12N2molecules, which form sheets perpendicular to theaaxis.
Mixed-metal phosphates K1.64Na0.36TiFe(PO4)3 and K0.97Na1.03Ti1.26Fe0.74(PO4)3 with a langbeinite framework
Authors: Zatovsky Igor V. , Strutynska Nataliia Yu. , Ogorodnyk Ivan V. , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Slobodyanik Nickolai S. , Butenko Denis S.
Published: November 2021

Single crystals of the langbeinite-type phosphates K1.65Na0.35TiFe(PO4)3 and K0.97Na1.03Ti1.26Fe0.74(PO4)3 were grown by crystallization from high-temperature self-fluxes in the system Na2O–K2O–P2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3 using fixed molar ratios of (Na+K):P = 1.0, Ti:P = 0.20 and Na:K = 1.0 or 2.0 over the temperature range 1273–953 K. The three-dimensional framework of the two isotypic phosphates are built up from [(Ti/Fe)2(PO4)3] structure units containing two mixed [(Ti/Fe)O6] octahedra (site symmetry 3) connected via three bridging PO4 tetrahedra. The potassium and sodium cations share two different sites in the structure that are located in the cavities of the framework. One of these sites has nine and the other twelve surrounding O atoms.
Optimization of juice production from “cempedak” (Artocarpus integer) fruit pulp liquefied with the aid of enzymes
Authors: Pui Liew Phing , Kong Ianne , Karim Roselina , Yusof Yus Aniza , Wong Chen Wai , Mohd Ghazali Hasanah
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to produce “cempedak” juice using enzyme aided-liquefaction by examining the effects of enzyme types (Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, Celluclast® 1.5 L and Fungamyl® 800 L), enzyme concentrations (0–1.5% v/w), incubation time (0–2.5 h) and incubation temperature (35–60 °C) on juice yield and viscosity, total soluble solids and color of fruit puree.

Design/methodology/approach

Ripe “cempedak” pulp from CH28 fruit was first pureed in a blender and then homogenized with water at 1:2 ratio. The diluted puree was then liquefied with the enzymes separately to reduce its viscosity. Analyses such as juice yield, viscosity, total soluble solids and color of the liquefied “cempedak” puree were then carried out.

Findings

Results indicated that the optimized use of 1.2% (v/w) Celluclast® 1.5 L (Novozymes, Denmark), a cellulase preparation, at 45 °C and 1 h produced juice with the lowest viscosity (349.4 cP) and the highest juice yield (82.3% v/w). Liquefied “cempedak” juice was darker (with L* value of 51.17) and more yellowish (b* value of 38.88) compared to “cempedak” juice without liquefaction (control). When compared to untreated “cempedak” juice, the droplet size of “cempedak” juice obtained after liquefaction under optimized conditions was found to be lower, regardless of whether the juice was filtered (with a total reduction of 23% of droplet size) or not filtered (with a total reduction of 16% of droplet size). The results indicate the possibility of employing Celluclast® 1.5 L to produce “cempedak” juice that can be further processed such as for the production of “cempedak” fruit powder.

Originality/value

This paper provides information on the enzyme concentration, incubation time and temperature for liquefying “cempedak” pulp such that the liquefied material produced can be used as a base feed for spray-drying to produce “cempedak” fruit powder.
Proper orthogonal decomposition Pascal polynomial-based method for solving Sobolev equation
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Hooshyarfarzin Baharak , Abbaszadeh Mostafa
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to use the polynomial approximation method based on the Pascal polynomial basis for obtaining the numerical solutions of partial differential equations. Moreover, this method does not require establishing grids in the computational domain.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors present a meshfree method based on Pascal polynomial expansion for the numerical solution of the Sobolev equation. In general, Sobolev-type equations have several applications in physics and mechanical engineering.

Findings

The authors use the Crank-Nicolson scheme to discrete the time variable and the Pascal polynomial-based (PPB) method for discretizing the spatial variables. But it is clear that increasing the value of the final time or number of time steps, will bear a lot of costs during numerical simulations. An important purpose of this paper is to reduce the execution time for applying the PPB method. To reach this aim, the proper orthogonal decomposition technique has been combined with the PPB method.

Originality/value

The developed procedure is tested on various examples of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional versions of the governed equation on the rectangular and irregular domains to check its accuracy and validity.
The relationship between intellectual capital and financial statements readability: the role of management characteristics
Authors: Moghadam Hassan Mohammadzadeh , Salehi Mahdi , Hajiha Zohreh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and the readability of financial statements with the mediating role of management characteristics of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, this research tries to find the answer to whether intellectual capital can positively affect the readability of financial statements.

Design/methodology/approach

A multivariate regression model was used to test the hypotheses for this purpose. The research hypotheses were tested using a sample of 1,309 observations listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018 and a multiple regression model based on panel data and fixed-effects models.

Findings

The results indicate that intellectual capital has a positive and significant relationship with the readability of financial statements, which means that with increasing intellectual capital in companies, financial statements’ readability also increases. Based on the hypothesis test results, it has been determined that narcissism, accrual and real earnings management have a negative effect on the relationship between intellectual capital and the readability of financial statements.

Originality/value

Since the present study examines such an issue in emerging markets, it provides users, analysts and legal entities with useful information about management’s inherent and acquired characteristics that significantly impact the purchase of audit opinion. This study’s results also contribute to developing science and knowledge in this field and close the literature gap.
Reflecting on over a year of remote training, and where businesses must go from here
Authors: Kairinos Nikolas
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The study aims to explore how businesses across the UK have adapted to over a year of remote training, and where there is room for improvement as long-term hybrid working plans are put in place. The study also uncovers what digital tools businesses have relied on to deliver learning and development initiatives during remote working, and their effects on employee engagement and experience.

Design/methodology/approach

An independent body of research was commissioned among 750 UK business leaders and 1,235 UK adults in full-time employment.

Findings

The research found that while the majority of businesses were able to leverage digital solutions during extended periods of remote work, significant numbers found it difficult to train and develop employees remotely, with many employees dissatisfied with the outcomes.

Originality/value

The research offers some valuable insights for business leaders looking to improve their training schemes as workplaces settle into new patterns of working.
Assessing Evidence of Phosphorus Concentration Trends in North American Freshwaters
Authors: Carleton James N. , Washington Benjamin J.
Published: November 2021

The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) documented evidence of widespread, unexplained total phosphorus (TP) concentration increases in lakes and streams across the United States (U.S.) during the 2000–2012 time period. To examine the robustness of evidence for this trend, we used additional monitoring datasets to calculate rates of TP change in thousands of individual waterbodies across the U.S. during the same time frame, and compared them against TP change rates calculated in the same manner for waterbodies that were resurveyed under NARS in different years. For the additional datasets, median rates of TP change were substantially lower than median rates calculated using NARS data. To further examine differences between NARS and non‐NARS results in specific waterbodies, we assembled composite datasets for 52 predominantly northern lakes that by chance had been sampled under both NARS and other sampling programs during the same time frame. Using only NARS data, the median calculated TP change rate for this set of lakes was positive and similar to that for the larger set of 401 resurveyed NARS lakes. However, when additional sample data were included, the median calculated TP change rate for these lakes was much lower. Results suggest that increasing TP concentrations in waterbodies may not have been as ubiquitous as suggested. They also illustrate a need to supplement randomized continental‐scale monitoring with detailed, site‐focused investigations.
Battling Over Bathwater: Greywater Technopolitics in Los Angeles
Authors: Randle Sayd
Published: November 2021

In Los Angeles, domestic wastewater recycling (“greywater”) systems are controversial, loved by local environmentalists and disdained by the city’s water agencies. Drawing on fieldwork among greywater advocates and public water agency workers, this article examines how greywater systems function as nodes that unsettle relations between residents and the public agencies that manage the city’s water grid. Elaborating the longstanding frictions over greywater reuse in LA reveals how these fixtures are mobilized by advocates to rescript the roles of both individuals and the state within the urban waterscape. Detailing public agency workers’ resistance to this form of selective disconnection from the grid helps to clarify the patterns of flows, norms of consumption, and forms of state control at stake in efforts to decentralize arrangements of urban water management.
Graduate student perspectives on transforming academia
Authors: Sykora‐Bodie Seth T. , Jones J. Leah , Hastings Zoe , Lombardi Elizabeth , Barnett Michaela , Davis Olivia N. , Ferrari Olivia M. , Garcia Polanco Vanessa , Hofner Alexandra N. , Hunter Brandon , Ippolito Tara , Krantz Will , Neyra Oscar , Perez‐Figueroa Omar , Raub Kristin B. , Sou Jennifer , Virguez Edgar , Waters Tanner , Whitten Julia
Published: November 2021

Higher education institutions have long played a key role in solving society's most pressing problems. However, as the scale and complexity of socio‐environmental problems has grown, there has been a renewed debate about the role that academic institutions should play in developing solutions and how institutional structures should be redesigned to encourage greater interdisciplinarity. In the following pages, we present a graduate student perspective on this debate. Specifically, we identify challenges facing interdisciplinary graduate student researchers and present a series of recommendations for how institutions can better prepare them to become the next generation of leaders in interdisciplinary, action‐oriented research focused on solving socio‐environmental problems.
Importance of direct right‐to‐left shunt as high‐risk patent foramen ovale associated with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Akagi Teiji , Yokohama Fumi , Miki Takashi , Nakagawa Koji , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Background

Because transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has become effective for preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS), it is necessary to determine high‐risk PFO associated with CS. This study aimed to clarify the importance of direct right‐to‐left (RL) shunt through the PFO for identifying high‐risk PFO.

Methods

We analyzed 137 patients with and without CS who were confirmed to have PFO. The timing of RL shunt through the PFO was evaluated by cardiac cycles after right atrium (RA) opacification on saline contrast transesophageal echocardiography. Direct RL shunt was defined as microbubbles crossing the PFO before and at the same time of RA opacification.

Results

Cardiac cycles of microbubbles crossing the PFO were shorter in patients with CS than in those without CS (2.0 ± 2.2 vs .5 ± 1.1, p < 0.01). Direct RL shunt was more frequently observed in patients with CS than in those without CS (77% vs 29%, p < 0.01), with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 71% for the association with CS. Multivariate analysis revealed that direct RL shunt was related to atrial septal aneurysm and low‐angle PFO. Regarding functional features of PFO, the detection rate of CS was 50% for large RL shunt alone, and was increased to 83% when direct RL shunt was added.

Conclusion

Direct RL shunt was associated with CS and had the incremental value in detecting PFO associated with CS for large RL shunt. The timing of RL shunt can be valuable for identifying high‐risk PFO.
Fibrinogen β chain and FXIII polymorphisms affect fibrin clot properties in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Klajmon Adrianna , Chmiel Jakub , Ząbczyk Michał , Pociask Elżbieta , Wypasek Ewa , Malinowski Krzysztof P. , Undas Anetta , Natorska Joanna
Published: November 2021

Background

Prothrombotic fibrin clot properties, including increased clot density, are in part genetically determined. We investigated whether fibrinogen alpha‐chain gene (FGA) c.991A>G (rs6050), fibrinogen beta chain gene (FGB) −455G>A (rs1800790) and factor XIII gene (F13) c.103G>T (rs5985) polymorphisms affect plasma fibrin clot properties in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods

As many as 126 normotensive patients with PE, free of cancer, were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Fibrin clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time (CLT) and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were assessed on admission.

Results

The minor allele frequencies were as follows: FGA rs6050 (n = 62, 0.31), FGB rs1800790 (n = 40, 0.17) and F13 rs5985 (n = 49, 0.23). There were no differences related to any of the polymorphisms with regard to demographic, clinical and laboratory data, except for fibrinogen concentration, which was higher in carriers of F13 rs5985 polymorphism (p = .024), and PE combined with deep‐vein thrombosis, which was less prevalent in FGB rs1800790 polymorphism carriers (p = .004). Carriers of FGB rs1800790 A allele and F13 rs5985 T allele had lower Ks, prolonged CLT and higher ETP compared with major homozygotes (all p < .05). After adjustment for fibrinogen, all differences remained significant (all p < .01). There were no associations between the FGA rs6050 polymorphism and Ks, CLT or ETP.

Conclusion

Our study showed that FGB rs1800790 and F13 rs5985 polymorphisms contribute to the prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype and these effects are strong enough to be observed in the acute phase of PE.
Fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior in a notch with periodic overloads in the low‐cycle fatigue regime of FV566 ex‐service steam turbine blade material
Authors: Cunningham Benjamin M. D. , Evangelou Angelos , You Chao , Morris Andrew , Wise James , Reed Philippa A. S. , Hamilton Andrew R.
Published: November 2021

The effect of periodic overloads on crack initiation, growth rate, and fatigue life, within a notch stress field representative of a turbine blade root fixing, has been investigated. Bend bars made from FV566 martensitic stainless steel were extracted from the root of ex‐service power plant turbine blades and representative notches introduced. These notched plain bend bars were loaded plastically in the low‐cycle fatigue regime and were tested with overloads up to 150% of the cyclic baseload every 150 baseload cycles. A periodic overload of 50% of the cyclic baseload increased the number of cycles to crack initiation and slightly retarded the crack growth rates of both short and long cracks, leading to a slight improvement in fatigue life. The results suggest that small overloads (less than 10%) are not expected to significantly impact fatigue lifetimes or service scheduling of components such as low‐pressure steam turbine blades.
Repoliticizing diversity work? Exploring the performative potentials of norm‐critical activism
Authors: Plotnikof Mie , Muhr Sara Louise , Holck Lotte , Just Sine Nørholm
Published: November 2021

Diversity management efforts often turn diversity issues into a business case, thereby depoliticizing these issues and shying away from more political concerns of inequality and discriminating norms of difference. In this study, we explore the performative potential of activist practices to promote the repoliticization of organizational diversity work. To do so, we draw on interviews with three explicitly norm‐critical activists, discussing how insigths from their practices can inspire diversity work in formal organizational contexts. The three activists are (1) a twerk dancer, psychologist, radio host, and co‐founder of a popular fourth‐wave feminist group; (2) a project manager and co‐founder of a non‐governmental organization for minority ethnic lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender + people; and (3) an anarchist activist, gender educator, and founder of a gender network for educators. Showing how their norm‐critical practices work through discursive tensions of personal↔public issues, safe↔unsafe spaces, and creative↔conventional methods, we discuss how these practices may perform in organizational settings, enabling the repoliticization of diversity work in and as the constant negotiation and recognition of norms of difference.
Sexual issues in people with haemophilia: Awareness and strategies for overcoming communication barriers
Authors: Blamey Greig , Van Tassel Becky , Sagermann Elizabeth , Stain Ann Marie , Waterhouse Linda , Iorio Alfonso
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) Study identified sexual health as an important psychosocial issue affecting people with haemophilia (PWH) worldwide. However, sexual health is inadequately addressed at haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), because PWH and healthcare professionals (HCPs) experience barriers to broaching the subject. There is a clear need for HCP training to support communication in this area and improve comprehensive care.

Aim

The Sexual Health: Strategies for Effective Communication pilot programme was trialled in Canada to assess HCP readiness and ability to discuss sexual health issues with PWH and test communication tools to facilitate these conversations.

Methods

The pilot programme consisted of two 3‐h sessions attended by seven HCPs from Calgary's Alberta Children's and Foothills Hospitals. The sessions included lectures and case scenarios and explained the check‐in–affirm–clarify–answer and head–heart–body tools designed by the Centre for Sexuality to aid communication. The pilot was evaluated through discussions and an online questionnaire.

Results

The pilot was well received by all HCP participants. Questionnaire data showed improvements in participants’ knowledge, skills and comfort level in conducting sexual health discussions. Greatest improvements were noted in knowledge (100% ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ after the pilot, compared with 29% beforehand). Importantly, 86% felt that the material presented would be applicable in clinical practice.

Conclusion

The Canadian pilot demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed educational programme. The underlying principles could be adapted to similar programmes for other HTCs to facilitate sexual health discussions.
Birth with synthetic oxytocin and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood
Authors: Palanisamy Arvind , Toftlund Sarah A. , Giri Tusar , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Lønfeldt Nicole N.
Published: November 2021

Background

Despite the importance of oxytocinergic signalling for satiety regulation and energy balance, the impact of exposure to synthetic oxytocin during childbirth on obesity during childhood remains unknown.

Objectives

To examine the association between oxytocin exposure during labour and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.

Methods

Synthetic oxytocin exposure data of mothers from the Danish Medical Birth Registry were linked with self‐reported anthropometric data of their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (5 months–11 years of age). Multinomial logistic regression and latent class growth analyses were performed to determine the association between oxytocin exposure and obesity during childhood.

Results

With the exception of the normal weight‐to‐overweight group between ages 5 and 12 months, none of the other analyses revealed a significant association between synthetic oxytocin use and the risk of being overweight until the age of 11 years. Furthermore, latent class growth analysis did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure at birth and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.

Conclusions

Our analysis of a large cohort of children who varied in their synthetic oxytocin exposure status at childbirth did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure and the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.
The global governance of migration: Towards a ‘messy’ approach
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper engages critically with the emergence of a global migration governance regime today, particularly through the Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). The paper questions why and how the global governance of migration is emerging today under a blueprint that emphasizes orderly, safe, regular flows when the reality is that most flows are disorderly, unsafe and partly regular or indeed largely unauthorized. The paper discusses how the global governance of migration is inscribed in the paradigm of risk society and why we need to go beyond this paradigm acknowledging complexity and uncertainty, arguing that we need to rethink migration governance as messy.
Glass‐ceramic composites as insulation material for thermoelectric oxide multilayer generators
Authors: Bresch Sophie , Mieller Björn , Mrkwitschka Paul , Moos Ralf , Rabe Torsten
Published: November 2021

Thermoelectric generators can be used as energy harvesters for sensor applications. Adapting the ceramic multilayer technology, their production can be highly automated. In such multilayer thermoelectric generators, the electrical insulation material, which separates the thermoelectric legs, is crucial for the performance of the device. The insulation material should be adapted to the thermoelectric regarding its averaged coefficient of thermal expansion α and its sintering temperature while maintaining a high resistivity.

In this study, starting from theoretical calculations, a glass‐ceramic composite material adapted for multilayer generators from calcium manganate and calcium cobaltite is developed. The material is optimized towards an α of 11 × 10−6 K−1 (20–500°C), a sintering temperature of 900°C, and a high resistivity up to 800°C. Calculated and measured α are in good agreement. The chosen glass‐ceramic composite with 45 vol.% quartz has a resistivity of 1 × 107 Ωcm and an open porosity of <3%. Sintered multilayer samples from tape‐cast thermoelectric oxides and screen‐printed insulation show only small reaction layers. It can be concluded that glass‐ceramic composites are a well‐suited material class for insulation layers as their physical properties can be tuned by varying glass composition or dispersion phases.
Discharge characteristics of pre‐polarized doped lead zirconate titanate under impact at room and high temperature
Authors: Wang Ruizhi , Tang Enling , Yang Guolai , Han Yafei , Chen Chuang , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai , He Liping
Published: November 2021

Piezoelectric materials have more and more applications in modern smart fuzes due to their multiple uses such as energy storage and sensing. The electrical output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics under high temperature and high overload environments are critical to the reliability of the device. In this paper, the mechanical and electrical response of pre‐polarized doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT‐5H) under impact at room temperature to 250°C, that is, above the Curie temperature, was investigated through a split‐Hopkinson pressure bar experiment with an additional electrical output measurement system. The depolarization effect caused by temperature and the mechanical load was analyzed. A thermoviscoelastic constitutive model considering temperature and the strain rate was built based on the experimental data. The model can successfully predict the mechanical and electrical response of PZT‐5H under impact at different temperatures. The discharge characteristics of PZT‐5H under impact in the cooling stage after high‐temperature depolarization were also investigated, and the apparent flexoelectric coefficient of the PZT after complete depolarization was calculated. The research results show that the dynamic piezoelectric coefficient of PZT‐5H has a nonlinear relationship with temperature. During the high‐temperature cooling process, PZT has a shock‐induced polarization under the impact, and the output voltage is less than the polarized piezoelectric ceramic but higher than the flexural polarization at the same temperature. After complete depolarization, the apparent flexoelectric coefficient of PZT‐5H is 127 μC/m.
Aqueous alkaline suitable gel system and related mechanism for highly transparent La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramic preparation
Authors: Liang Lexing , Tang Zhe , Liu Ajiao , Deng Shiwei , Yuan Haifeng , Guo Hao , Ye Yucheng , Qi Jianqi , Huang Zhangyi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: November 2021

In this work, a fabrication route combined optimized ISOBAM‐104/TAC gel‐casting (where TAC refers to triammonium citrate) and one‐step sintering technology was developed to prepare highly transparent LaxGd2‐xZr2O7 (LGZO) ceramics. The gelling behavior in an alkaline environment was investigated, and the corresponding mechanism was systematically proposed for the advanced spontaneous gel system. The starting materials after ball milling were directly shaped into green bodies without any treatment, and high‐quality LGZO ceramics were obtained by three‐stage debinding and one‐step sintering. The in‐line transmittance of these ceramics reaches 74% at 1100 nm, which is about 95% of the theoretical value. This work not only establishes an efficient method to fabricate LGZO ceramics in large and complex shapes but also elucidates the gelling mechanism in alkaline, which expands the application of gel‐casting technology in transparent ceramics.
Life history, mating dynamics and the origin of parental care
Authors: Azad Tamjeed , Alonzo Suzanne H. , Bonsall Michael B. , Klug Hope
Published: November 2021

Parental care, mating dynamics and life history co‐evolve. Understanding the diversity of reproductive patterns found in nature is a major focus of evolutionary ecology research. Previous research suggests that the origin of parental care of eggs will be favoured when egg and adult death rates and juvenile survival are relatively high. However, the previous research that explored the link between care and life history did not account for among‐species variation in mating dynamics. As mating dynamics are generally expected to influence care, we explore, theoretically, the life‐history conditions (stage‐specific rates of maturation and survival) that favour parental care across three mating scenarios: reproductive rate (1) is unaffected by males (assuming that some males are present), (2) increases as male abundance increases or (3) decreases as male abundance increases. Across scenarios, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when egg and adult death rates, juvenile survival and female egg maturation rates were relatively high. When reproductive rate was unaffected by male abundance or increased as male abundance increased, as we might expect in systems in which females are mate‐limited, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when male egg maturation rate (i.e. the rate at which male eggs develop, mature and hatch) was moderate or high. When greater male abundance inhibited reproduction, which might occur in systems with intense male–male competition, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when male egg maturation rate was low‐to‐moderate. These results suggest that life history affects the evolution of parental care, and sex‐specific life history can interact with mating dynamics to influence the origin of care.
Comment on: How physicians evaluate patients with dementia who present with shortness of breath
Authors: Yoshioka Takashi , Takayama Atsushi , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Ozaka Akihiro , Takeshima Taro
Published: November 2021

See the Reply by Ly et al.
Real earnings smoothing and crash risk: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Kuang Wenjun
Published: November 2021

I focus on the relationship between real earnings smoothing and one‐year‐ahead firm‐specific crash risk in Japan and investigate the effect of financial institutional ownership and the implementation of J‐SOX on the above relationship. Specifically, I hypothesize that the garbling real earnings smoothing is positively associated with stock price crash risk, and the informative real earnings smoothing is negatively associated with stock price crash risk. My results show that the crash risk increases as the garbling real earnings smoothing increases due to the managerial concealment of bad news about firms’ prospects. However, there is no significant relationship between the informative real earnings smoothing and crash risk. I further find that the relation between garbling real earnings smoothing and crash risk is constrained by effective external monitoring by stable institutional investors and the implementation of J‐SOX. Further evidence indicates that there is a significant and negative relationship between the garbling real earnings smoothing and asymmetric timeliness with respect to bad news. These results suggest that managers undertake the garbling component of real earnings smoothing to withhold the negative private information, resulting in the increase of downside risk of firms’ stock price. Overall, this study investigates the role of real earnings smoothing in the negative information transmission by managers in Japanese firms.
Comparative morphology of the dormouse skull and the influence of size and ecology
Authors: Hennekam Jesse J.
Published: November 2021

Dormice are widely dispersed across various ecosystems in Eurasia and Africa and among the oldest extant rodent lineages. Despite distinct morphological variation to be present between groups, comprehensive morphometrical studies on the dormouse skull are limited. Here, the form of eight out of the nine extant dormouse genera was analysed using 3D geometric morphometrics and linear biomechanical measurements, providing a better understanding of the overall morphological variation present within Gliridae. Species‐, genus‐ and family‐specific morphological trends in both the size and shape of the cranium and mandible are linked with specific habitats and feeding strategies. Smaller dormice show adaptations to a more arboreal lifestyle such as a relatively enlarged braincase and an inferiorly reoriented foramen magnum. Larger dormice show cranial modifications, including clear flattening of the skull and a more posteriorly positioned foramen magnum, hinting towards a more rupicolous lifestyle. Furthermore, specimens inhabiting arid areas appear to have more inflated auditory bullae, whereas other variable features, such as the length of the incisive foramen, were not associated with either size changes or climatic variables. Lastly, more robust and horizontally orientated zygomatic arches as well as increased robusticity of the molar row appear to be linked with herbivory in dormice, whereas thinner arches and small concave molars are seen in more insectivorous species. This study reveals clear convergent adaptations between dormouse species and results in a better understanding of ecological drivers underpinning the morphological divergence present within Gliridae.
Prior health care utilization among adolescents treated for a suicide attempt at a rural ED
Authors: Kahn Geoffrey , Tumin Dmitry , Vasquez‐Rios Virginia , Smith Aimee , Buckman Cierra
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To characterize prior contact with a rural academic health system among young people treated for a suicide attempt in the system's emergency departments (EDs).

Methods

We retrospectively examined electronic medical records from a health system serving 29 medically underserved rural counties in the Southeastern United States. Patients ages 10‐25 years were included in the study if they were admitted to the ED for a suicide attempt in 2015‐2018. Patients were stratified according to whether they had any encounter in the same health system in the 12 months prior to the attempt.

Findings

Of 236 patients meeting inclusion criteria, only 10% had contact with the health system in the 12 months prior to ED treatment for a suicide attempt. Patients who lived farther than 25 km from the flagship hospital were less likely to have had prior contact (odds ratio [OR]: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02‐0.34). Young adults ages 19‐25 years were also less likely to have prior contact than adolescents (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08‐0.76).

Conclusions

Few adolescents and young adults in this rural region received prior health care from the same health system where they were treated for a suicide attempt. Hospitals operating in rural areas need to partner with community health care providers to ensure adequate reach of screening and treatment programs to prevent youth suicide and reduce care fragmentation.
Growth dynamic of Leptospira spp. from Sejroe serogroup in different media formulae
Authors: Loureiro A.P. , Brasil T. , Correia L. , Lilenbaum W.
Published: November 2021

The culturing of Leptospira strains from bovine clinical samples is challenging and has resulted in some gaps in securing an epidemiological understanding. Strains related to chronic reproductive leptospirosis in cattle belong to the Sejroe serogroup – not only Hardjoprajitno and Hardjobovis but also Guaricura genotypes. This study analyses the growth of Leptospira strains from serogroup Sejroe in different culture media, with the aim of suggesting better culturing approaches. To meet this objective, two culture media were applied: EMJH and T80/40/LH. In addition, three different cocktails of selective agents were chosen. The combinations of medium and selective additives resulted in 10 different tested formulae. The poor performance of Hardjobovis in EMJH indicated that its growth may represent a possible bias when culturing these strains from bovine samples. The most efficient medium for culturing Hardjobovis was T80/40/LH, while T80/40/LH medium + STAFF combination proved to be the best choice for growth, being recommended for obtaining a higher number of these strains from bovines.
Teaching Entrepreneurial Negotiation
Authors: Humphrey Stephen E. , Macy Robert , Wang Cynthia S.
Published: November 2021

Despite the importance of negotiation skills for entrepreneurs, the pedagogy of teaching negotiation to entrepreneurship students has not been fully developed. In some entrepreneurship programs, negotiation is covered briefly in a single class. In other programs, courses focused entirely on negotiation are available to entrepreneurship students; however, these classes are aimed primarily at those interested in pursuing corporate jobs within more stable environments. This article provides guidance to educators in designing, developing, and delivering negotiation content with an entrepreneurial focus. We explain why entrepreneurial negotiation education is needed and how it fills current gaps in entrepreneurship education. The article outlines a continuum of entrepreneurial negotiation, identifies the unique challenges faced by entrepreneurship students, unpacks the critical learning objectives in an entrepreneurial negotiation course, discusses how to reinforce core entrepreneurship concepts, and lays out a guide for teaching entrepreneurial negotiation by providing educational content that matches the key learning objectives.
The underlying mechanisms and strategies of DNA damage and repair in radiation sialadenitis
Authors: Zhang Chong , Xiang Bin
Published: November 2021

Radiation therapy is a critical strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. X‐ray external radiation has been successfully used to treat head and neck cancer. On the other hand, 131I internal radiation has been effective in managing differentiated thyroid cancer. However, these therapies cause radiation damage to salivary glands. Radiation sialadenitis is the most common complication associated with radiotherapy applied to the head and neck and it severely affects patients’ quality of life. Since DNA is the main intracellular target of radiation, and the integrity of the DNA structure is critical to genomic stability and the cellular survival of salivary glands, regulating radiation‐induced DNA damage offers great promise in preventing and managing radiation sialadenitis. In this review, we summarize recent progress in DNA damage and repair in irradiated salivary glands.