bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of American Hunger in Richard Wright's Novel "Black Boy"
Authors: Setiaji Febrian Ramadhani , Rosyidi Mohamad Ikhwan
Published: December 2019

This study aims at explaining the construction of American hunger in Richard Wright’s novel Black Boy. This study is a qualitative analysis that relies on the power of word or explanatory reasoning. The data were collected by reading, identifying, classifying and analyzed using the structualism theories which used in this study by relating to binary operation to see the gap between black and white society. The results of this study were the segregation between black and white people in terms of the treatment, power, and superiority that in the end, it  resulted that the black people are being treated different and has no right for freedom. The American Hunger is described in the novel through some events that go in the opposite between black and white people. The tention between them revealed from the different treatment, oppression, discrimination, superiority, and hunger that the black and white people or society experienced. The dominance and the power of the white people had harm the black people in some aspects in their life. Second, American Hunger that was described in the novel was regarded as the desire of the black people when they were living side by side with the white people in America. When the discrimination, segregation, and oppression occurs toward the black people, they satisfied their American hunger by standing agaisnt racial oppression, strengthen the superiority, and against the hunger.

 

Keywords: American hunger; construction; discrimination; structuralism
Myth as a Revelation of Spiritual Values for Today’s Human Life Reflected on Sarah H. Bradford’s "Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People"
Authors: Triana Ike Alit , Yulianto Henrikus Joko
Published: December 2019

America is a country with Christianity as the major religion. It is the fact that Moses in Christian myth has an important role to the religion of this country. The United States President Harry Truman wrote in 1950 that the fundamental basis of the laws of the United States was the Ten Commandments that were given to Moses. America is also known for the country of freedom. Besides, American freedom has a unique historical story which is about slavery. Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People novel depicts the journey and struggle of Harriet in liberating African American slaves. This study aims to identify the incorporation of Moses in Christian myth to the story in the novel and its relation to the spiritual values of human’s life in the present time. The method of this study is qualitative study analysis using structuralism method of Claude Levi Strauss and the Study of Myth by Joseph Campbell. Then, the method of data analysis is based on the story in Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People novel and Moses in Christian myth. Bradford’s novel tells about the main character named Harriet who became the leader of African American slaves to the Northern America and Canada for freedom. While in Christian myth, Moses was chosen by God to be the leader of Israelites to go from the land of Egypt bondage for freedom. The final finding of this study shows the conflict of the novel, the incorporation of Moses in Christian myth to the story in the novel and shows the Ten Commandments of Christianity influenced the spiritual values by Americans which is also still relevant today. For instance, most Americans are Christian as the values of the First Commandment; Americans commonly regard their society as the freest and best in the world as the value of the Eight Commandment; the right of American constitutional democracy to attempt to “pursue” happiness in their own way as long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others is a result of the Tenth Commandment; Although there are still some transgressions of one or more of the Commandments, there are somehow many other Americans who are still devoted to the Ten Commandments as moral principles in their daily life.

Keywords: African-American, Christian myth, Moses, Slavery, Structuralism
Citra Perempuan dan Bias Gender dalam Novel Juminem Dodolan Tempe Karya Tulus Setiyadi
Authors: Aisyah Siti Nur , Widodo Widodo
Published: December 2019

Novel Juminem Dodolan Tempe karya Tulus Setiyadi memiliki keunikan tentang perempuan berperan ganda yang menyeimbangkan peran domestik dan publik serta bagaimana ia menghadapi bias gender. Hal ini nampak pada perjuangan Juminem dalam menyeimbangkan peran domestik publik dan sikapnya menghadapi bias gender. Tujuan penelitian ialah menemukan, menganalisis, dan mendeskripsikan citra perempuan idaman dan sikapnya dalam menghadapi persoalan dalam kontruksi sosial bias gender. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan objektif dengan teori citra perempuan dan bias gender. Data penelitian ini adalah bagian novel yang mengandung citra dan bias gender, sedangkan sumber data penelitian adalah novel Juminem Dodolan Tempe. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara pembacaan semiotik, heuristik. Analisis data dilakukan secara pembacaan hermeneutik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) terdapat citra fisik, citra psikis, dan citra sosial terhadap tokoh perempuan; 2) sikap tokoh menghadapi bias gender dalam novel yang meliputi marginalisasi, stereotip, subordinasi, kekerasan, dan beban kerja. Beberapa citra Juminem ialah cantik, ulet, sabar, tegas, dan ngemong. Beberapa citra Mbok Joyo Pangat ialah perempuan yang mengunggulkan materi, sombong, dan kerja keras. Beberapa citra Minah ialah modern dan suka bepergian. Juminem mampu membela diri ketika ia dituduh jualan “tempe” oleh suaminya sendiri. Minah mampu mematahkan stereotip bahwa perempuan yang suka bepergian adalah perempuan buruk. Mbok Joyo Pangat memiliki kemampuan seimbang antara bekerja dan merawat anaknya meskipun ia janda.
De cacho, canto, corrales, leco, sueltas, apero y garabato soguero. Patrimonio material e inmaterial: el mundo fragmentado de los cantos de trabajo de llano
Authors: Moreno Riaño Jhon Emerson
Published: December 2019

Desde un trabajo de investigación etnográfica con trabajadores de llano (vaqueros) en fundos y posadas ganaderas, y la participación en el proceso de implementación del Plan Especial de Salvaguardia de carácter urgente (PEScU), de cantos de trabajo de llano, este artículo propone una reflexión alrededor de la problemática que ha implicado la fragmentación del mundo cultural de esta manifestación. Problemática representada en la forma de pensar los cantos, sonoridades u objetos sonoros y saberes, como patrimonio cultural inmaterial, y los objetos, herramientas y lugares asociados, como patrimonio cultural material. Mientras el PEScU habla de conocer, revitalizar y comunicar como estrategias de salvaguardia, su gestión local se ha limitado principalmente a su divulgación desde lo musical. Como resultado, lo material ha sido poco valorado en la implementación de la salvaguardia. Se concluye entonces que lo sonoro y lo material son pensados como mundos independientes desde las instituciones culturales y sus procesos de salvaguardia, y se proponen puntos en común para comprender integradamente lo que en la práctica pareciera no necesitar integración, para conformar un solo universo sociocultural.
Marxismo y “normalización” filosófica en Colombia (1930-1960)
Authors: Pachón Soto Damián
Published: December 2019

Este artículo se centra en el proceso de normalización en Colombia y se ha interesado de manera especial en la recepción de Marx no solo a nivel nacional, sino también en el estudio académico europeo. Todo esto en el contexto de la pregunta por cómo la historia social de la filosofía ha venido estudiando el consumo de la filosofía en Colombia, claro, sin descuidar ni dejar de lado el pensamiento precolombino y el proceso de europeización y occidentalización que hemos vivido a partir del siglo xvi.
Latinoamérica en el siglo XXI: posmarxismo, populismo y teología del pueblo
Authors: Cuda Emilce
Published: December 2019

En función de reflexionar sobre la influencia del marxismo en la América Latina, se hace un aporte desde el pensamiento teológico y político argentino alineado con las demandas de los sectores populares. A partir de dos autores, el teólogo Juan Carlos Scannone y el filósofo Ernesto Laclau, en diálogo interdisciplinario, se compara la teología del pueblo, como corriente local de la teología de la liberación, con el populismo de corte peronista, como corriente posmarxista argentina. Se verá cómo ambas se distancian del marxismo a partir, primero, de la crítica a la categoría de clase, reemplazada por el concepto de pueblo como “lo concreto”; y segundo, de la crítica al método científico optando en su lugar por el método sapiencial. Ni para la teología del pueblo ni para el peronismo será la lucha de clases el camino de la liberación, sino la cultura popular. De ese modo, la dialéctica deviene en el campo teológico en analéctica, y la lucha armada, en antagonismo discursivo en el campo de lo político. Desde un breve análisis de la recepción de Gramsci y su concepto de hegemonía cultural hasta la descripción del lenguaje simbólico en tanto lugar de manifestación de la demanda popular como un estar afirmado en su negación, se intenta mostrar continuidades y diferencias en la recepción del marxismo en América Latina respecto de otros contextos.
Vida e historia en el pensamiento de Marx
Authors: Bejarano Andrés Esteban
Published: December 2019

La vida es el fundamento de los bienes, no un bien. El análisis de la sociedad moderna hace inevitable cuestionar: ¿Qué es la vida cuando se ha convertido en una mercancía? Es a través de ese concepto, vida, que se pueden advertir los movimientos de la historia. Su desarrollo genealógico en el decurso de los modos de producción es la condición de posibilidad para la comprensión del proceso histórico a través del materialismo dialéctico hasta llegar a la fase de desarrollo en la cual la vida entra en una profunda contradicción con su reproducción material. Entender cada momento histórico a la luz de las contradicciones entre las fuerzas productivas materiales, las relaciones de producción existentes y sus formas jurídicas ya no en relación con la materia, sino con la vida, es decir, con el sujeto, da un nuevo sentido a la comprensión de la historia, ya no como progreso, sino como proceso. Todo esto también conduce a cuestiones de carácter moral y al insondable problema de las relaciones entre el modo de producción burgués, la vida, la apropiación de trabajo y la lógica del capital.
SapTrap Assembly of Caenorhabditis elegans MosSCI Transgene Vectors
Authors: Fan Xintao , De Henau Sasha , Feinstein Julia , Miller Stephanie I , Han Bingjie , Frøkjær-Jensen Christian , Griffin Erik E
Published: December 2019

The Mos1-mediated Single-Copy Insertion (MosSCI) method is widely used to establish stable Caenorhabditis elegans transgenic strains. Cloning MosSCI targeting plasmids can be cumbersome because it requires assembling multiple genetic elements including a promoter, a 3′UTR and gene fragments. Recently, Schwartz and Jorgensen developed the SapTrap method for the one-step assembly of plasmids containing components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for C. elegans. Here, we report on the adaptation of the SapTrap method for the efficient and modular assembly of a promoter, 3′UTR and either 2 or 3 gene fragments in a MosSCI targeting vector in a single reaction. We generated a toolkit that includes several fluorescent tags, components of the ePDZ/LOV optogenetic system and regulatory elements that control gene expression in the C. elegans germline. As a proof of principle, we generated a collection of strains that fluorescently label the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the hermaphrodite germline and that enable the light-stimulated recruitment of mitochondria to centrosomes in the one-cell worm embryo. The method described here offers a flexible and efficient method for assembly of custom MosSCI targeting vectors.
Imagery as Discourse: Approach to Studies
Authors: Savich Elena
Published: December 2019

This article is intended to build a procedure for imagery discourse analysis and to apply it to samples of a particular discourse – that of the Polish Solidarity movement. The main assumptions underlying this aim are: that the discourse of a certain historical period keeps its content regardless of the nature of its manifestation and can be traced by analysing the art of the period, and that images are texts and, thus, are subject to text/discourse analysis. To elaborate a research program and to see the categories of such analysis, the author adapts the qualitative research procedure of the Grounded Theory to the study of imagery discourse, combining it with the categories and procedures of the Causal-Genetic Theory. This approach proves that images carry information of two types – thematic and cortege information. The thematic content of an image represents the physical context of historical events, actualizing a certain fragment of reality. The cortege content of an image represents and actualizes the addresser – addressee interaction. In the proposed research program, both of the content/information types are under reconstruction. The whole procedure of imagery discourse analysis is presented as involving multistep categorization on different levels: categorization on the level of visual characteristics followed by categorization on the level of propositions, which in turn presupposes reconstruction of thematic and cortege propositions. Application of this procedure to the analysis of four pieces of art that represent the period of the Solidarity movement in Poland allows conclusions to be drawn about the primary categories of imagery discourse (colour, type of lines, characters and disposition) and their subcategories (opposition, universality, intertextual capacity, photographic accuracy, size and perspective). It also becomes possible to formulate some preliminary conclusions about the typical propositions of the discourse of the Solidarity movement.
Jonutytė, J., 2011. Changes in the Concept of Tradition
Authors: Būgienė Lina
Published: December 2019

Jonutytė, Jurga, 2011. Tradicijos sąvokos kaita. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla. 200 p. ISBN 978-9955-634-67-6
International relations of the Ukrainian economy as a object of historico-economic research
Authors: Nebrat Victoria
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this publication is to present the main idea, conceptual and methodological foundations, theoretical background, sources and directions of the study of the historical development of foreign economic relations of the Ukrainian economy. Finding ways for Ukraine to abandon the pattern of import dependent development and low-tech export is an urgent scientific and practical task. Historical factors play an important role in determining the country’s international specialization and position in world markets.
The object of the study is the historical process of the inclusion of Ukraine’s economy in the system of international economic relations.
Regularities, trends and national peculiarities in the formation of foreign economic relations of Ukraine’s economy are the subject of the study.
The economic methodology of the study is based on an evolutionary-institutional approach. Traditional and contemporary theories of international trade, economic integration, foreign economic policy, international competition and national competitiveness are the theoretical foundations of the study.
Analysis of historical sources opens up problem areas of scientific research and gives grounds for forming its working hypotheses.
Studying the history of foreign trade, labor migration, participation in international monetary relations, international cooperation of production and the relationship of structural changes in the economy with the forms of international economic relations are the main fields of the investigation.
Historical research is the basis for making proposals on optimization of the national foreign economic policy with the purpose of strengthening the economic sovereignty of the state, development of the national economy and ensuring its international competitiveness.
Theory of Credit in M. Bunge's scientific heritage: a practical aspect
Authors: Lopukh Ksenia
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes scientific and practical activities of M. Bunge in the sphere of credit relations. «Theory of Credit» (1852) – one of the first fundamental scientific works of M. Bunge, where he reveals the essence of the loan, its main features and the economic purpose. Credit is a way of exchange where the value of a good or service that will be paid in the future is the object of exchange. The transfer of value is based on the confidence that a reward will be received in the future. Credit is viewed in terms of morality and economic guarantees.
In 1868, M. Bunge founded Kyiv Mutual Credit Association and was its chairman until 1871. The Association became one of the most efficient credit institutions in Kyiv and existed until 1918. Private credit was considered by M. Bunge as basis of the development of market economy. The association had to solve the problem of the lack of cheap financing for small businesses. Mortgage loan for urban real estate was used widely.
The article analyzes The Statute of the Kyiv Mutual Credit Association and made conclusions about the peculiar features of activity, loan conditions and development of economic operations of the Association. In addition, special attention was paid to the role of the Association in reforming certain provisions of the Statute for all mutual credit associations in the Russian Empire. The Kyiv Mutual Credit Association was one of the first in the Russian Empire who used the Institution of Authorized Representatives instead of a General Meeting for operational activity and control.
Migration of Ukrainians at the pre-industrial stage of social development
Authors: Didkivska Lesia
Published: December 2019

The subject of the research is the migration history of Ukrainians at the pre-industrial stage of social development. The purpose of the article is the historical and economic analysis of migration trends and the identification of geographical vectors of the first migration flows on Ukrainian lands and the institutional factors and socioeconomic consequences of the spread of migration sentiment among the population during the period. The result of the study is the identification of features of the first migration flows in the Ukrainian territory, the classification of migration according to its causes, the identification of directions of the resettlement of Ukrainians and the consequences of emigration of Ukrainians.
It was revealed that the labour migration of Ukrainians was preceded by political migration related to the regular attacks of Tatars and Turks, the fall of Kievan Rus, the loss of national statehood, the colonization of Ukrainian lands by foreign states. In spite of a number of negative consequences, the Ukrainian people received both economic benefits and qualitative progress in state-building. At the same time, labour migration led to the irreversible loss of the economically active working population, above all the peasantry, who were the most important group among Ukrainian emigrants. The main factors contributing to the labour migration of Ukrainians were similar: institutional (abolition of serfdom), demographic (reduction of mortality rate, while maintaining high fertility), socio-economic (low-income Ukrainian peasants, mass impoverishment and low standards of living), innovative infrastructure (development of the newest means of communication and large geographical discoveries) that encouraged intercountry resettlement. However, the vector of migratory flows of Ukrainians was rather diverse: Ukrainians under Austro-Hungary (Galicia, Northern Bukovina and Transcarpathian Ukraine) were covered by intercontinental migration (USA, Canada, Brazil and Argentina), while the peasants of the Left Bank and Central Ukraine migrated to the Northern Caucasus and the Far East.
Middle class in the reproduction of social capital
Authors: Yelisieieva Liudmyla
Published: December 2019

In the article, the role of the middle class in the reproduction of social capital is investigated. For this aim, the dynamics, structure, values, and economic interests of the middle class in Ukraine and its influence on the formation of social capital are characterized. It has been found that the development of social capital depends on a number of institutional conditions and economic factors, one of which is the size and dynamics of the middle class. Based on different criteria, the number of middle class in Ukraine is defined. The specificity of the middle class formation in Ukraine has been clarified. The relationship between the dynamics of income and the size of the middle class has been identified. The structure of the middle class in Ukraine and its readiness for economic change and social transformation are specified. The common interests of the middle class with other strata are identified, which gives grounds for defining the status of the middle class and its ability to perform a communicative function and a special role in the development of civil society and open social capital. Generally speaking, the middle class is the nucleus of social capital. The factors of accumulation and destruction of social capital in Ukraine are revealed. The negative impact of the increasing inequality in income distribution, the spread of poverty and the increase in the share of the unemployed on the formation of the middle class and, accordingly, social capital, are investigated. There is a correlation between the uneven distribution of income, institutional confidence and the work of social elevators. The role of the middle class in building the bridging and strengthening the bonding social capital is specified. The participation of middle class representatives in the formation of economic inquiries and the development of volunteer communities was clarified. Generally, the role of the middle class in the reproduction of social capital is linked to ensuring the development of civil society and economic democratization.
The role of Ukraine’s economic cooperation with international financial and credit organizations in the context of inclusion of Ukraine to the world economic system
Authors: Korniyaka Oleksandr
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of economic cooperation with the international financial and credit organizations in the context of the development of integration processes regarding the inclusion of the Ukraine's economy to the world economic system. The issues of cooperation of the Ukrainian state with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in the direction of financial and credit support for the reform of the public, municipal and private sectors of the economy are investigated. The factors that prevent effective cooperation with the International Financial Organizations are identified and threaten the desire for further integration of the Ukrainian economy into the world economic system, based on the analysis of the amount and purpose of financial and credit resources allocated by the International Financial Organizations. The main negative factors are: political incoherence and lack of awareness of the importance and necessity of Ukraine's cooperation with International Financial Organizations; ineffective work of specialists and employees that involved in the process of developing and implementing projects and programs of Ukraine's cooperation with International Financial Organizations; bureaucracy in the approval of Projects and Cooperation Programs with International Financial Institutions; high level of abuse and opacity of the use of credit facilities of International Financial Institutions; low rates of implementation of Ukraine's Economy Reform Plans and Programs, taking into account the requirements of International Financial Institutions as one of the main components of providing financial and credit assistance. Studies of the impact of international cooperation in the sphere of monetary relations on the process of modernization of Ukraine and its integration into the world economic system have shown that the cooperation of the Ukrainian state with the International Financial Organizations has become a key factor in intensifying integration and modernization processes.
Electronic production in Ukraine: a history of establishment and ways to increase competitiveness of enterprises
Authors: Butorina Veronika
Published: December 2019

The article describes trends in the development of electronic manufacturing in the Soviet Union and after the gain of independence. The factors that may be the key to improving the competitiveness of domestic electronic production are given. Among them, scientific and human resources play an important role.
The geography of the enterprises of the electronics industry is determined: Kyiv, Lviv, Khmelnitsky, Kharkiv, Rakhiv, Mykolaiv. The activities and product assortment of the leading manufacturers of personal computers are analyzed separately (Joint Stock Company «Navigator», company «VSESVIT», Limited liability company «Technique for Business», and «DiaWest-Computer World»).
Changes in the structure of major subsectors of the electronic industry by size of enterprises during 2010–2017 were analyzed. In particular, the number of medium and large enterprises in the industry in 2015–2017 was relatively stable, while the number of small enterprises decreased.
There are positive trends in some product groups in the industry: manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products, and production of electrical equipment with a lower level of knowledge intensity.
Measures to increase the competitiveness of domestic electronics enterprises are grouped in three directions: microeconomic (attracting qualified engineering and design staff; employment of young specialists; updating the range; involving scientists in R&D; effective management), mesoeconomic (higher technical education; public-private partnership; increase in public procurement; preferential lease terms for state-owned property; increase in investment localization; long-term bank lending; creation of industrial parks; counteraction to smuggling), and macroeconomic (defining the priorities of scientific and industrial policy; development of legislation; structural transformation; diversification of development and production; international commercialization of research and production activities and cooperation; development of national innovation system infrastructure).
Breves linhas sobre a mudança conceitual da esfera pública em Habermas
Authors: Reiter Ricardo Luis
Published: December 2019

A proposta do presente artigo é apresentar as críticas de Nancy Fraser ao conceito habermasiano de esfera pública. A republicação de Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit, ocorrida em 1990 traz uma longa nota onde Habermas reconhece as carências de sua formulação do conceito “esfera pública”, tal qual elaborado na primeira edição da referida obra, frente as críticas recebidas por autores e autoras como Fraser. Portanto, o presente artigo apresentará os quatro pontos centrais da crítica de Fraser e apontará desafios futuros a própria Teoria Crítica à luz da reformulação e atualização do conceito “esfera pública” em um cenário onde o sistema político já pode mais ser explicado por um modelo burguês de esfera pública, que é excludente e predominantemente ocupado por uma pequena parcela da população.
How existing things are invariably present as sense?
Authors: Listik Yonathan
Published: December 2019

This article aims to explore Jean-Luc Nancy’s notion of sense as a key ontological concept. This concept, as it appears mainly in his Sense of the World (1997b), opens the possibility of a more profound understanding of his thesis. The effort in this article will not be an attempt to draw a map or a line in Nancy’s theory placing sense either as the starting point or as his central concept. Instead, it is an attempt to show that sense plays a significant role in Nancy’s understanding of world and finitude, as it becomes evident is his recurrent concern with Wittgenstein’s (1994) aphorism 6.41: that the sense of the world must stand outside the world. Nancy defines the world as a rapport of entities or existents to each other. So, the argument advanced here analyzes sense’s centrality to Nancy´s discussion on touch and the vital role touch has in the articulation between his comprehension of mitsein/être-avec and his elaboration of being as singular plural, in order to show that a focus on sense could bring forwards a relevant elucidation of Nancy’s ontological argument and its implications.  *** Como as coisas existem como sentido ***Esse artigo tem como objetivo explorar de que maneira a noção de sentido é um conceito ontológico central na filosofia de Jean-Luc Nancy.  Esse conceito, como ele aparece em Sense of the World (1997b), abre a possibilidade para um entendimento mais profundo de sua tese. Esse artigo não busca  percorrer ou desenhar um mapa, ou ainda, uma linha, através da filosofia de Nancy, cujo o sentido se colocaria como ponto de partida ou como conceito central.O artigo mostra que sentido tem um papel fundamental na compreensão de Nancy sobre os conceitos de mundo e finitude, como é exemplificado, pelo autor, em sua análise do aforismo 6.41 de Wittgenstein (1994): o sentido do mundo deve estar fora do mundo. Nancy define mundo como relação entre entidades ou existências entre si. O ponto defendido aqui é que a centralidade do sentido para Nancy se apoia em sua discussão acerca do toque e em seu papel central na articulação entre mitsein/etre-avec. Tais conceitos, se considerados em paralelo a noção de ser singular-plural, podem iluminar a ontologia defendida por Nancy.Palavras-chave: Sentido. Ontologia. Desconstrução. Tocar. Estar com
Sartre e a unidade da consciência: um breve registro de “A transcendência do ego”
Authors: Bocca Marivania Cristina , Da Silva Claudinei Aparecido De Freitas
Published: December 2019

Nesse artigo, pretendemos discutir os pressupostos radicados em A Transcendência do Ego premissas a partir das quais Sartre expõe a sua tese corolariamente – fenomenológica – de um ego transcendente. Ao advogá-la, o filósofo se vale de duas críticas recíprocas: a primeira visa refutar a ideia de um ego formal que estaria contido na consciência (posição assumida por Kant e por Husserl). A segunda se contrapõe à existência de um ego material também residente na consciência (posição adotada pela psicologia clássica). Ora, Sartre reconfigura a doutrina husserliana da intencionalidade à medida que inexiste um Eu Puro como resíduo fenomenológico obtido pela epoqué, mas um cogito pré-reflexivo como condição do cogito cartesiano. Toda consciência posicional de objeto é, necessariamente, consciência não-posicional de si. Isso porque a essência mesma da consciência intencional é pura leveza, puro fluxo, movimento para..., para fora e não para dentro. É o movimento mais próprio de uma transcendência do ego.
A busca da identidade ameríndia através da Disputa de Valladolid
Authors: Sousa Renata Floriano
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como o processo protagonizado pelo dominicano Bartolomé de Las Casas e o cronista real, Juan Ginés de Sepulveda no século XVI, conhecido na história como o Debate de Valladolid, tinha como principal meta definir a verdadeira identidade dos povos do Novo Mundo. O método filosófico que será utilizado para concretizar essa proposta será a apreciação, a análise e a comparação dos argumentos apresentados por ambos autores à luz do contexto político ao qual tal discussão foi demandada. Ao fim, tentaremos revelar qual é a identidade dos ameríndios segundo esses autores seguindo os critérios de idolatria e capacidade racional, além de mostrar como essas condições podem autorizar ou não a guerra como método de conquista e de conversão.
A crítica antifetichista de Enrique Dussel
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago Dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo apresenta a base da crítica antifetichista elaborada por Enrique Dussel. Para Dussel, o anti-intelectualismo por excelência não atende pelo nome de “ideologia”, mas de “fetiche”. A inversão fetichista é a que transforma o ser humano [sujeito] em coisa e coisas em sujeitos, divinizando o produzido [a obra humana] e relativizando o absoluto [a vida humana]. A crítica a todo sistema político e econômico, se se quer radical, deverá, então, denunciar os aspectos fetichistas de ditos sistemas, isto é, os momentos em que eles se autonomizam e não fazem referência à vida humana na qual se originam e da qual dependem.
Morphological features of the translation of the «God’s Law» (1912) into the Udmurt language
Authors: Bezenova Maria P.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Udmurt written monuments are studied only partially at the moment. Today more than 400 names of pre-revolutionary Udmurt monuments are known, but most of them are still not described. An analysis of written monuments is necessary, because they provide important information for language reconstruction, and besides that, they help to determine the chronology of linguistic phenomena.
Materials and Methods. The description of morphological characteristics in the article is based on the previously identified graphic and phonetic features of the translation of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language. It involved the method of comparing the linguistic material of the work with the data of the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language, we revealed some features in the design of morphological indicators of plural, possessiveness, some case and verb forms, as well as pronouns.
Conclusion. A comparison of the linguistic data of the “God’s Law” with the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects confirmed the hypothesis regarding the dialectic affiliation of the written source.
Hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language
Authors: Rakin Anatoly N.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Landscape vocabulary refers to the basic vocabulary of any natural language. It nominates both natural geographical and anthropogenic objects that have arisen as a result of human activity. In accordance with the substantial signs (water, land) as part of the landscape vocabulary, it is possible to distinguish two macrosystems, namely hydro-landscape vocabulary and the vocabulary of the land. Each of these components has its own internal structure, which differ from each other both by composition and quantitative indicators.
Materials and Methods. The subject of linguistic analysis in the article is the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language (239 items), which does not refer to the category of proper nouns. These are nominal words that can find in the dictionaries of general vocabulary. The paper employed comparative, historical, synchronously comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods.
Results and Discussion. Based on the subject-conceptual content of nominative units, two categories of hydronyms are distinguished and considered in the work. One of them is system-forming or dominant; it represents the designations of the main types of water bodies in a given territory. The second group is concentrated around the dominant units and acts in relation to them as intrasystem formations. The basis of hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language are of primordial origin. Ancient layer of nominative units, consisting of proto-Uralic, proto-Finno-Ugrian, proto-Finno-Permian and proto-Permian words, has genetic correspondence in the Permian, and in the majority of modern Finno-Ugric languages. Later units appeared in the period of independent existence of the language, after its divergence with the closely related Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian languages. The beginning of the formation of a foreign-language component refers to the common-Permian epoch, most of the non-original names are late borrowings that penetrated from the Russian and Turkic languages. Other types of borrowings (Baltic-Finnish, Ob-Ugrian, Samoyed) are not available here.
Conclusion. The formation and development of the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language took place for many millennia on the basis of internal resources. Ancient Iranian, Turkic and Russian languages served as external sources of its replenishment.
Comparative analysis of tourism potential of the Finno-Ugric republics: Mordovia and Mari El
Authors: Zhulinа Marina A. , Zaitseva Larisa A. , Saraikina Svetlana V. , Sotova Liudmila V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Today, much attention is paid to the study and effectiveness of the tourism potential of the territory. Such territories are regions having a common ethnic identity. In Russia, these are Finno-Ugric federal entities. Geographically, they are separated from each other, but the development of joint tourism products is a doable task. The closest Finno-Ugric region to the Republic of Mordovia is the Republic of Mari El. The object of the study is the tourism potential of the Republic of Mordovia and the Republic of Mari El. The aim of the study is to compare the potential tourism potential of these two Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for the development of tourism.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of research published by the academics of National Research Mordovia State University, within the framework of the priority research trach “Fundamental and applied research in the field of Finno-Ugric Studies”. The authors applied the following research methods: comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic, analysis and synthesis, generalization, expert estimates, observations, etc.
Results and Discussion. The Republics have an interesting rich cultural and historical potential, on the basis of which tourist routes have been developed both in the capitals and countryside of the region. The tourism potential allows the development of cognitive, cultural, historical, sports, religious, event tourism, etc. The key task for its development in the regions and the effective promotion of the latter in the tourist markets is the creation of a branded or basic route that can serve as the basis for the formation of various tours. The development of such routes allows us to solve the strategic problem of including significant objects showing the region in inter-regional routes.
Conclusion. Based on the study and comparative analysis of the tourism potential of the two Finno-Ugric regions, their opportunities for joint tourism activities are evaluated. One of the joint projects could be the development of an inter-regional tourist route that promotes the promotion of Finno-Ugric regions in the tourist market of Russia.
The Experimental Determination of Optimum Parameters of the Equipment for Processing Grain in Preparation for Grinding
Authors: Anisimov Alexander V. , Rudik Felix Ya.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Modern technology of grain processing pays special attention to the qualitative and efficient preparation of grain for milling. At small enterprises with a reduced technological process, this is almost the only way to improve product yield and quality. Without proper multi-stage preparation of grain for milling at small enterprises, it is impossible to achieve the required quality and quantity of products produced by industrial mills. Grain peeling is one of the most effective ways to clean the surface from dirt and remove outer shells. The removal of outer shells allows increasing the yield of high-grade flour at reduced milling diagrams. The efficiency of the peeling process is significantly infuencet by the design and operating parameters of the peeling machine. The purpose of this work is the experimental determination of optimal conditions for grain processing in the peeling and drying machine (the optimal combination of factors).
Materials and Methods. To determine optimal conditions for grain processing in the peeling and drying machine, the method of extreme planning of the experiment was applied. The method of random balance was used to select the most significant factors based on their influence on the optimization parameter. The method of steep ascent on the response surface (the Box – Wilson method) was used to find the optimum area (the planning matrix was realized and statistical analysis of results and steep ascent on the response surface was carried out). Verification of the results was carried out on the software Statistica 10.0.
Results. On the basis of experiments, a mathematical model of the technological process of wheat processing in the peeling and drying machine there were obtained, which linked the structural and mode parameters of the machine with the humidity of the treated grain. The results of the experiment confirmed the operability of the developed machine when working with high-humidity grain; they are fundamental for the machine’s further modernization.
Discussion and Conclusion The analysis of the controlled factor dispersion diagram allowed us to select the most significant of them based on influence on the selected optimization parameter, the white flour color obtained from the treated grain. As a result of the evaluation of experimental data of the conducted studies, the design and mode parameters of the developed machine were determined, corresponding to the areas of the optimal optimization parameter: shaft rotation speed is 1400 rpm, angle of inclination of stamping on the sieve drum is 15 degrees, the initial moisture content of the processed grain is 15.50%, and the machine productivity does not exceed 700 kg/h.
Evaluation of meibomian glands loss and tear film breakup time in patients with varying period of soft contact lenses wearing
Authors: Dimitrova M. , Kostova St. , Vassilev A. , Dakov N. , Irinkova B. , Oscar A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To determine whether the wearing time of contact lenses affects the condition of the meibomian glands and the tear film breakup time.
Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 150 eyes ( 75 patients) with an age between 18 to 65 years. Five groups were allocated, with distribution criteria being the soft contact lenses wearing time: up to 5 years, from 6 to 10 years, from 11 to 20 years and more than 20 years. All subjects used soft contact lenses daily, at least 5 hours a day and 4 days a week. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination and non invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss (MGL) investigated with Oculus Keratograph 5 M.
Results: A statistically significant relation with the soft contact lenses wearing time has been found for the indicator MGL,% (U) (p = 0.025). In the general study of male and female patients, a significant association was only observed in female patients (p = 0.04). A statistically significant relation to the soft contact lenses wearing time has been found for the indicators NIBUT 1, s ( P=0.035) и NIBUT Av, s ( P=0.023). The same relation has been found only in female patients - NIBUT 1, s ( P=0.035] и NIBUT Av, s ( P=0.023).
Conclusion: Long-term contact lenses wearing is proportional to the change in gland function and may contribute to the development of dry eye syndrome.
Correlation between results of functional lordosis test and digital pelvic inclinometer
Authors: Kolev K. , Tasheva R.
Published: December 2019

THE AIM of this study is to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children at primary classes through applying the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer and to correlate the results with the Functional Test. METHODS. The screening examination involved 132 children with the average age 8, 7 from the beginning classes in Sofia. The lumbar lordosis was assessed through the Fuctional Test in all children during the period April - June 2016.. The DPI was applied for preliminary investigation in 25 children of measuring left and rigth pelvic inclination and therefore – torsion. RESULTS. The lordosis test is negative in 8 children and 16 are with functional lordosis. The mean value of the test with DPI - left sided, for healthy children is 7.1 degrees, and in children with functional lordosis is 10.90. The difference of 3.80 is statistically significant due to the value of T-Student criterion (t) of 2.63 at a critical value of 2.07. CONCLUSION. The results showed the correlation between the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer Test and the Functional Lordosis Test. Тhis study confirmed that the applying of the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer give an opportunity to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children.
Ruin probability for discrete risk processes
Authors: Tuden Ivana Geček
Published: December 2019

We study the discrete time risk process modelled by the skip-free random walk and derive results connected to the ruin probability and crossing a fixed level for this type of process. We use the method relying on the classical ballot theorems to derive the results for crossing a fixed level and compare them to the results known for the continuous time version of the risk process. We generalize this model by adding a perturbation and, still relying on the skip-free structure of that process, we generalize the previous results on crossing the fixed level for the generalized discrete time risk process. We further derive the famous Pollaczek-Khinchine type formula for this generalized process, using the decomposition of the supremum of the dual process at some special instants of time.
Korselt rational bases of prime powers
Authors: Ghanmi Nejib
Published: December 2019

Let N be a positive integer, be a subset of ℚ and . N is called an α-Korselt number (equivalently α is said an N-Korselt base) if α2p − α1 divides α2N − α1 for every prime divisor p of N. By the Korselt set of N over , we mean the set of all such that N is an α-Korselt number.

In this paper we determine explicitly for a given prime number q and an integer l ∈ ℕ \{0, 1}, the set and we establish some connections between the ql -Korselt bases in ℚ and others in ℤ. The case of is studied where we prove that is empty if and only if l = 2.

Moreover, we show that each nonzero rational α is an N-Korselt base for infinitely many numbers N = ql where q is a prime number and l ∈ ℕ.
On the multi-dimensional modal logic of substitutions
Authors: Ahmed Tarek Sayed , Mahmoud Mohammad Assem
Published: December 2019

We prove completeness, interpolation, decidability and an omitting types theorem for certain multi-dimensional modal logics where the states are not abstract entities but have an inner structure. The states will be sequences. Our approach is algebraic addressing varieties generated by complex algebras of Kripke semantics for such logics. The algebras dealt with are common cylindrification free reducts of cylindric and polyadic algebras. For finite dimensions, we show that such varieties are finitely axiomatizable, have the super amalgamation property, and that the subclasses consisting of only completely representable algebras are elementary, and are also finitely axiomatizable in first order logic. Also their modal logics have an N P complete satisfiability problem. Analogous results are obtained for infinite dimensions by replacing finite axiomatizability by finite schema axiomatizability.