bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARADIGMA IJTIHAD KONTEMPORER: Studi terhadap Metode Ijtihad Majmu’ al-Buhuts
Authors: - Bakhtiar
Published: July 2019

Ijtihad jama‟i saat ini dipandang lebih dapat memberikan jawaban hukum yang lebih komprehensif dibandingkan dengan ijtihad individual. Hal itu disebabkan keterbatasan sumber daya seiring dengan kecenderungan spesialisasi keilmuan yang semakin tajam dan munculnya persoalan yang semakin kompleks dan rumit. Model ijtihad ini berkembang secara terorganisir dan terlembaga yang dipelopori oleh Majmu‟ al-Buhuts al-Islamiyyah. Lembaga yang didirikan Muhammad Ali Pasya ini produktif dalam melahirkan fatwa dan menjadi rujukan dari berbagai belahan dunia Islam. Dalam berijtihad, al-Qur‟an dan hadis diposisikan sebagai sumber pokok hukum sedangkan metode ijtihad yang digunakan tidak jauh berbeda dengan model yang sudah terkonsepsi sebelumnya seperti maslahah, sadd al-dzari‟ah, istihsan dan sejenisnya. Penerapan metode tersebut sangat jelas terlihat dalam beberapa contoh fatwa seperti aliran Qadiyaniyah (Ahmadiyah), bank ASI, penentuan awal bulan qamariah dan baitul mal sebagai ahli waris serta ihtikar (penimbunan kebutuhan pokok).
PERKEMBANGAN AGAMA PADA ANAK USIA DINI PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI AGAMA MODERN DALAM ISLAM
Authors: - Susilawati
Published: July 2019

Umumnya manusia memiliki tiga langkah dasar proses dalam hidup mereka , yaitu periode prenatal , masa bayi, dan balita . Periode ini sangat menarik bagi perkembangan manusia di masa depan. Tapi kadang-kadang orang tua tidak peduli tentang periode ini; ke tika kandungan ibu berusia enam bulan, bayi bisa berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, teru-tama dengan ibu dan ayah . Ketika anak lahir, orang tua harus memiliki keterampilan merawat anak mereka , berpendidikan mereka dengan sesuatu yang lebih baik menurut mereka usia karena pendidikan dalam keluarga adalah yang pertama belajar mereka dapatkan. Umumnya anak kami tinggal bersama orang tua dalam keluarga sekitar lima tahun sebelum mereka pergi ke sekolah. Sejauh ini mereka akan menyalin sikap kita semua . Jadi melakukan yang terbaik untuk anak, karena mereka adalah masa depan .
HUBUNGAN RELIGIUSITAS DENGAN KETAHANAN MENTAL MASYARAKAT PINGGIR PANTAI SEBAGAI DAERAH RAWAN BENCANA GEMPA TSUNAMI DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: - Pismawenzi
Published: July 2019

Kota Padang adalah salah satu daerah yang termasuk rawan bencana di SumateraBarat, bahkan di Indonesia. Sedikit banyaknya peristiwa traumatis yang sempat terjadi pada30 September 2009 mempengaruhi ketahanan mental masyarakat kota Padang terutamayang berada di bibir pantai yang sangat rentan terhadap bahaya gempa-tsunami, di antaranyaadalah wilayah Padang Barat. Daya tahan mental ini dipengaruhi banyak faktor, termasukfaktor keagamaan (religiusitas) terutama pada aspek aqidah atau keyakinan. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: menjelaskan tingkat religiusitas masyarakat pinggirpantai di Kota Padang; menjelaskan tingkat ketahanan mental masyarakat pinggir pantai diKota Padang; menjelaskan apakah ada hubungan religiusitas dengan ketahanan mentalmasyarakat pinggir pantai di Kota Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkatreligiusitas dan ketahanan mental masyarakat pinggir pantai kota Padang khususnya PadangBarat tergolong tinggi. Dan dari analisis korelasi, ditemukan bahwa ada hubungan positifsignifikan antara religiusitas dengan ketahanan mental pada masyarakat pinggir pantaisebagai daerah rawan bencana gempa-tsunami di kota Padang.
HAKIKAT MANUSIA MENURUT MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Authors: Nurmaliyah Yayah
Published: July 2019

Sejarah mencatat bahwa umat Islam pernah berada di posisi terdepan dalam peradaban  dunia.  Belakangan  sebuah  kenyataan  juga  tidak  terbantahkan  ketika  umat Islam harus mengakui keunggulan komunitas lain dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Sebagai upaya mengembalikan kejayaan masa lalu, Muhammad  Iqbal menyeru umat Islam untuk tidak terbuai dengan kegemilangan atau romantika masa lalu dan melarang untuk taqlid buta pada pemikiran masa lalu yang mengakibatkan hilangnya kreasi dan inovasi  dalam  menghadapi  realitas  perkembangan  zaman.  Muhammad  Iqbal  juga menyeru umat Islam untuk tidak bersikap apriori terhadap Barat, sebaliknya dapat memanfaatkannya dan meresponsnya dengan kritis. Hal ini disebabkan Muhammad Iqbal cukup lama mengikuti pendidikan di Barat yang dipenuhi oleh semangat penelaahan dan penelitian ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi, sehingga ia dengan jelas melihat dan merasakan langsung bergantinya aktifitas ilmiyah dari Timur ke Barat. Hal ini cukup membuatnya kagum dan menginginkan umat Islam untuk mengikuti semangat Barat dalam melakukan kajian-kajian ilmiyah yang notebene pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Muhammad Iqbal juga menyadari bahwa faktor tersebut di atas tidak akan bermanfaat apa-apa apabila umat Islam sendiri tidak memiliki semangat dan kemauan untuk berobah.  Kemunduran umat Islam dewasa ini secara garis besar disebabkan oleh   2 faktor; internal dan eksternal. Kedua faktor itu harus dibenahi demi mengembalikan kecemerlangan masa lalu. Dengan mengutip QS. Al-Ra’d ayat 11, Muhammad Iqbal mencoba mengembangkan gagasannya mengenai khudi yang notabene merupakan hakikat dari kemanusiaan itu sendiri. Menurutnya moralitas suatu bangsa ditentukan oleh pandangan masyarakatnya mengenai khudi ini, dan segala sesuatu di alam ini memiliki khudinya sendiri-sendiri. Setiap khudi akan bergerak maju sehingga mencapai titik perkembangannya masing-masing.
EKSISTENSI KAJIAN TAUHID DALAM KEILMUAN USHULUDDIN
Authors: Amin Saidul
Published: July 2019

The study of Tawheed in Islam is the regional foundation for discussion of aqeedah.in this case aqeedah is something very important and fundamental in the formation of good character in the life of a Muslim, which is used as a pillar and foundation of religion, so as to be able to motivate a person in the form of trust and faith. therefore, aqeedah as the foundation for establishing Islamic buildings is the beginning of noble character. If someone has strong Aqeedah, surely they will carry out their worship in an orderly, noble manner, and bermu'amalat well. all the worship that we carry out if without the foundation of Aqeedah then the worship will not be accepted.
RELASI AGAMA DAN PILIHAN NASABAH: GROUNDED THEORY DAN REPOSISI AGAMA PADA PILIHAN NASABAH BANK SYARIAH DI BENGKULU
Authors: Hardivizon Hardivizon , Sholihin Mhd. , Anrial Anrial
Published: July 2019

This paper certainly examines the relationship between religion and consumer’s choice towards the islamicbank in Bengkulu, Province. Concerning in religion preference system and its relation with consumer’s choicethe research is crucially expected to discover the relationship between religion, and the consumer’s choice ofislamic bank in Bengkulu. The reason why the issues must be studied is from theoritical foundation in whichbelief system like religion, and rationality is a main factor determining the consumer’s choice towards islamicbank in varied-cases (Yusof; Bahari; Adanan: 2014). Hence, there are various facts as an important settingof research—moeslem population in Bengkulu; level of FDR (finance to deposits ration) for many islamicbank in Bengkulu is 182,3% and also NPF level is 3.30%. Based on this setting, the study intentionaly usesthe grounded theory as approach. It directly legitimates two theories as guidance for the research—rationalitychoice theory and shopping preference theory.The research successfully finds a set of thesis that religion’s rules in consumer’s choice of islamic bank can bedescribed shortly in two models—religion as Model of ” and “for Reality. These models emerge in consumer’sbehaviour of how they select the islamic bank in Bengkulu. Empirically, it can be attested from the perception,and definition toward islamic bank as a personal experience. In fact, Islam as a part of religions modifiedas justification for their choice. Whilst consumers tend to be a loyal consumer of Islamic bank based on thebelief-- framework produced from their religion, for some users it is eventually because of the economics interest.For example, islamic bank choice is based on the ultimate-goal to gain exceeded-profit rather merits offeredby the conventinal bank.
PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM BERBASIS SUKU DI KENAGARIAN SUNGAI NANAM KECAMATAN LEMBAH GUMANTI KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Mistarija Mistarija
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pengembangan masyarakat Islam berbasis suku diKenagarian Sungai Nanam Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok. Metode yang digunakan adalahfield research dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, sedangkan sebagai objek penelitian iniadalah Wali Nagari, ketua Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) dan pemimpin suku di Kanagarian SungaiNanam. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Datayang diperoleh diolah dengan langkah seleksi data, klasifikasi data, analisis data yang selanjutnya disimpulkandan dideskripsikan. Temuan ini mengungkap bahwa, suku memiliki banyak potensi yang dapat dikembangkansebagai faktor pendukung pengembangan masyarakat Islam di Kenagarian Sungai Nanam. Bentuk usaha yangdapat dikembangkan dalam pengembangan masyarakat Islam berbasis suku di Kenagarian Sungai Nanam,setidaknya ada dua bentuk, yaitu pengembangan ekonomi kerakyatan melalui pendayagunaan tanah pusakomilik suku dan pembinaan mental spiritual masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan surau suku sesuai denganfungsi-fungsi surau menurut adat yang pernah diterapkan pada masa lalu.
CITRA KOMUNIS AMBIVALEN & IDE-IDE ISLAM MODERNIS (Tinjauan atas Roman-Roman Abdoe’l Xarim M.S. sebelum Perang)
Authors: Arsa Dedi
Published: July 2019

Abdoe’lxarim M.S. menempati posisi tersendiri dalam sejarah kesusastraan sebelum perang. Dia pengarangroman yang cukup produktif; salah satu aktivis komunis Sumatra yang utama sebelum dan sesudah perang; dansekaligus pendukung ide-ide kaum modernis Islam. Artikel ini menelaah dua romannya yang terpenting, PandoeAnak Boeangan dan Hadji Dadjal.Dengan menggunakan pendekatan neo-historisisme, artikel ini melihatpandangan-pandangan apa yang hendak diusung kedua roman itu sertabagaimana keterkaitannya denganrealitas-biografis pengarangnya. Dari hasil pengkajian ditemukan bahwa roman pertama merepresentasikancitra komunis yang ambivalen; roman kedua menggemakan ide-ide kaum modernis-Islam;kedua roman ituparalel atau berkait dengan kondisi sosial zaman dan realitas-biografis Abdoe’l xarim.
ISLAM PROGRESIF DAN DINAMIKA EKONOMI DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Haris Nurana
Published: July 2019

Islam Progresif merupakan kelanjutan dari gerakan Islam Liberal, di sisi lain juga muncul sebagai bentukungkapan ketidakpuasan terhadap gerakan Islam Liberal yang lebih menekankan pada kitik-kritik internalterhadap pandangan dan prilaku umat Islam yang tidak atau kurang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai humanis.pembahasan ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pandangan kelompok Islam Progresif terhadapekonomi untuk kemudian dikaitkan dengan konsep dan praktek ekonomi Islam yang saat ini tengahberkembang. Mengingat konsentrasi utama Islam Progresif adalah topik-topik sekitar sekularisme, liberalisme,pluralisme, keadilan sosial dan jender, dan tema terkait, maka kajian ekonomi yang ada memang terbatas.Untuk itu, kajian ini akan difokuskan pada sumber yang terbatas tersebut. Selanjutnya akan juga dibahasdinamika perkembangan ekonomi Islam baik sebagai kajian kebijakan selama pemerintahan Islam maupunkajian akademik di masa kemunduran untuk menjawab dan mendialogkan sejumlah kritik yang disampaikanIslam progresif terhadap ekonomi Islam.
PRAKTIK NIKAH BATIN DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Amir Yusri , Hidayat Taufik
Published: July 2019

Dalam sebuah tugas pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berjudul “Pelatihan Hukum Bagi BP4 Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman”, peneliti (pada saat itu dosen pengabdian) menemukan permasalahan yang dikemukakan oleh beberapa orang peserta pelatihan yaitu permasalahan nikah batin.Tentunya konsep nikah batin ini di luar dari konsep nikah yang telah digariskan oleh fiqih. Nikah batin adalah nikah yang dilakukan oleh seorang pria dengan seorang wanita pada malam pertama sebelum melakukan hubungan suami istri, setelah mereka melaksanakan nikah secara syariat Islam. Nikah batin ini mencontoh kepada nikahnya Nabi Adam dan Siti Hawa di mana Allah SWT sebagai walinya dan malaikat sebagai saksinya dengan mahar dua kalimat syahadat yang bertujuan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. Amalan nikah batin merupakan ajaran yang terdapat dalam tarekat Syatariyyah Padang Pariaman Sumatera Barat. Urgennya nikah batin tersebut dalam rangka mendekatkan diri kepada Allah dan mencapai kesempurnaan amalan seorang hamba, yakni secara syariat dan hakikat. Nikah batin dipahami masyarakat Kabupaten Padang Pariaman sebagai penyempurna pernikahan yang telah dilaksanakan secara syariat, agar diperoleh penyatuan batin antara suami dengan istri dalam rangka membentuk rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah. Bagi Lembaga Keagamaan (Kantor Urusan Agama), tidak ada pemisahan antara nikah lahir dan nikah batin, karena pernikahan yang diselenggarakan di KUA sudah terjalin hubungan suami istri secara lahir dan batin.
IMPLIKASI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUL MAKMUR TERHADAP SIKAP KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT NAGARI SUNGAI CUBADAK KECAMATAN BASO
Authors: Pramukti Candra , Kosim Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Kehadiran sebuah Pondok Pesantren sebagai salah satu lembaga pendidikan di tengah masyarakat tentunya memiliki beberapa dampak terhadap gaya hidup dan lingkungan sosial masyarakat itu sendiri. Sebagaimana tujuan didirikan pesantren itu sendiri, pesantren hadir dengan tujuan mampu menjadi sarana bagi masyarakat sekitar untuk lebih memahami ilmu agama lalu mengamalkannya. Pesantren Darul Makmur yang terletak di Nagari Sungai Cubadak Kecamatan Baso Kabupaten Agama Provinsi Sumatera Barat memiliki sejumlah aktivitas keagamaan yang berpusat di masjid. Dengan melakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa hadirnya Pondok Pesantren Darul Makmur ini memberi penguatan terhadap sikap keberagamaan masyarakat Sungai Cubadak. Hal ini terlihat lebih aktifnya kegiatan keagamaan masyarakat dengan adanya peranan santri dalam setiap keagamaan tersebut. Selain melibatkan santri dalam kegiatan keagamaan di masyarakat, peran ulama sebagai tokoh penting dalam masyarakat Minangkabau sekaligus pimpinan pondok pesantren, menjadi faktor utama menjadikan pondok pesantren dalam membina sikap keberagamaan masyarakat.
Mechanisms of interacting Helicobacter pylori with gastric mucosal epithelium. II. A reaction of gastric epithelium on Helicobacter pylori colonization and persistence
Authors: Pozdeev O. K. , Pozdeeva A. O. , Valeeva Yu. V. , Gulyaev P. E. , Savinova A. N.
Published: July 2019

Gastric and duodenal recurrent inflammatory diseases have a high prevalence, but the role played by microbes in its development remained unclear. However, the data published in 1983 by Marshall and Warren about isolating Helicobacter pylori from the stomach mucosa of the patient with gastritis and proposing relevant cultivation methods was the turning point in investigating etiology of the upper digestive tract inflammatory disorders. Moreover, it was shown that the majority of H. pylori spp. are found within the gastric lumen upon colonization, whereas around 20% of them are attached to the epithelial cells in the stomach. In addition, effects of interacting H. pylori with gastric epithelium and activation of some defense mechanisms due to bacterial colonization and spreading were analyzed. It was found that along with triggering pro-inflammatory response induced by proteins VacA as well as phosphorylated/unphosphorylated CagA, wherein the latter is able to induce a set of protective reactions H. pylori disrupts intercellular contacts, affects epithelial cell polarity and proliferation, and activates SHP-2 phosphatase resulting in emerging diverse types of cellular responses. The activation mechanisms for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were discussed. The ability of H. pylori to regulate apoptosis, particularly via its suppression, by expressing ERK kinase and protein MCL1 facilitating bacterial survival in the gastric mucosa as well as beneficial effects related to bacterial circulation on gastric epithelial cell survival elicited by anti-apoptotic factors were also examined. Of note, persistence of H. pylori are mainly determined by activating transcriptional factors including NF-B, NFAT, SRF, T-cell lymphoid enhancing factor (TCF/LEF), regulating activity of MCL1 protein, in turn, being one of the main anti-apoptotic factors, as well as induced production of the migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The role of VacA cytotoxin in triggering epithelial cell apoptosis via caspase-mediated pathways was also considered. Infection with H. pylori is accompanied by release of proinflammatory cytokine cocktail detected both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, bacterial urease activating transcriptional factor NF-B was shown to play a crucial role in inducing cytokine production. Moreover, such signaling pathways may be activated after H. pylori is attached to the cognate receptor in the gastric epithelial surface by interacting with CD74 and MHC class II molecules. Finally, a role for various CD4+ T cell subsets, particularly type 17 T helper cells (Th17) in inducing immune response against H. pylori antigens in gastric mucosa was revealed were also discussed.
Features of humoral answer in experimental animal tularemia with different sensitivity to infection
Authors: Gorbatov A. A. , Titareva G. M. , Kombarova T. I. , Shaikhutdinova R. Z. , Kravchenko T. V. , Mironova R. I. , Bakhteeva I. V. , Aronova N. V. , Pavlovich N. V. , Mokrievich A. N. , Firstova A. A.
Published: July 2019

Tularemia is an anthropozoonotic infection caused by Francisella tularensis. In clinical and sanitary-epidemiological practice, traditional diagnostics methods in tularemia are based on serological assays for detecting specific antibodies, allowing to diagnose it and estimate durability of patients’ immunity after vaccination. Previously, it was shown that specific serum antibodies in patients recovered after tularemia, unlike to those vaccinated with the live tularemia vaccine F. tularensis 15 NIIEG, can interact with specific epitopes on lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of various subspecies — F. tularensis (Ft) and F. novicida (LPS Fn), while LPS Fn-specific immunoglobulins are lacked in the blood of vaccinated individuals. A set of experiments on identifying antibodies with similar specificity in laboratory animals of various species — mice, guinea pigs and rats with differed sensitivity to tularemia, administered with live tularemia vaccine strain as well as virulent F. tularensis strains to simulate vaccine-mediated and infectious processes, respectively was conducted. A methodical approach has been developed that allows to analyze humoral response in modelled infectious process in animals highly sensitive to tularemia such as BALB/c mice and guinea pigs that consisted of preliminary immunization with live tularemia vaccine followed by infection with virulent F. tularensis strains. It was shown that induction of specific anti-LPS Ft antibodies occured in these animal species, both after vaccination and infection with virulent strains. It was noted that, unlike guinea pigs and rats, mice both during vaccination and infection were characterized by significantly lower titers of LPS Ft-specific antibodies. However, no specific interaction between mouse serum and LPS Fn might be detected. Moreover, two types of immunoglobulins with different antigen specificities to the LPS Ft and LPS Fn epitopes were detected by dot-blot analysis in guinea pigs immunized with live tularemia vaccine, followed by infection with a virulent strain. In addition, antibodies to LPS Fn were also detected in the serum of rats infected with virulent, but not vaccine-based, F. tularensis strains. Thus, previous experimental data on the production of immunoglobulins with different antigenic specificity were confirmed in an experimental tularemia modelled in rats and guinea pigs that demonstrated a diagnostic significance and feasibility of using LPS Fn to confirm tularemia infection in humans.
Altered peripheral blood Th17 and follicular T-helper subsets in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kudryavtsev I. V. , Serebriakova M. K , Starshinova A. A. , Zinchenko Yu. S. , Basantsova N. Yu. , Belyaeva E. N. , Pavlova M. V. , Yablonskiy P. K.
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infections worldwide. Eradication of an intracellular pathogen M. tuberculosis requires to induce a Th1 response by activating IFNγ-producing tissue macrophages. Along with Th1 cells, various subsets of Th17 and follicular T-helper cells (Tfh) able to secrete a broad range of cytokines, including IFNγ, can also be involved in eliminating bacterial pathogens. It justified analyzing in this study changes in percentage of various peripheral blood Th subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tfh cells, in TB patients. For this, major CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets were assessed by using multicolor flow cytometry in TB patients (n = 40) and healthy volunteers (n = 30). It was found that in TB patients vs. control group percentage of peripheral blood CD45RA–CCR7+ central memory (CM) Th was decreased also affecting frequency of some functional T cell subsets, e.g. either lowering Th2 cells (9.11% (6.95; 13.77) vs. 7.21% (5.64; 9.84), p = 0.012) or elevating CCR6+ Th17 subsets (35.92% (27.72; 41.06) vs. 40.39% (35.41; 47.79; p = 0.016), respectively, but not influencing Th1 and Tfh subsets frequencies. Moreover, percentage of total CCR6+ CM Th cells in TB patients vs. control was decreased in CCR4–CXCR3+ Th17.1 cell subset (42.87% (33.64; 49.45) vs. 52.26% (46.45; 56.95), p 0.001), whereas standard CCR4+CXCR3– Th17 and CCR6+ DP Th17 subsets were elevated (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, altered Tfh subset composition associated with the increased (p = 0.021) percentage of CXCR3–CCR6– Tfh2 cells, but decreased CXCR3+CCR6– Tfh1 cells (p = 0.036) was observed. Finally, frequency of peripheral blood Th subsets noted above was also analyzed within effector memory (CD45RA–CCR7–) cells. It was found that in TB patients vs. volunteers frequency of Th17.1 cells was also significantly lower (p = 0.006) in CCR6+ EM Th (54.43% (41.19; 91.92) vs. 61.76% (54.01; 65.63), whereas percentage of double-positive Th17 was significantly increased (20.83% (15.12; 30.87) and 12.93 % (9.80; 19.01), respectively, p 0.001). Thus, it suggests that during M. tuberculosis infection percentage of IFNγ-producing Th17 and Tfh cells was reduced compared to control group also affecting both central memory Th cells patrolling peripheral lymphoid organs as well as effector memory Th cells able to exit to site of infection.
Assessing natural herd immunity to tick-borne encephalitis in Republic Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Dragomeretskaya A. G. , Ignatyeva M. E. , Trotsenko O. E. , Mzhelskaya T. V. , Budatsirenova L. V. , Grigoryeva V. I. , Romanova A. P.
Published: July 2019

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal viral neuroinfection vastly spread in the mid-latitude climate zone of theEurasia. Lethal cases and disability related to TBE determine its high epidemiological significance as well as underlie undiminished attention to prevent it in endemic territories. At the same time, TBE epidemiologic features significantly differ in various geographic areas. Importantly, Republic Sakha (Yakutia) is not among TBE endemic areas in theRussian Federation. However, in the last decade an increased incidence of ixodic tick bites was registered in the Republic Sakha. A pattern of pathogen-specific population immunity is one of the most valuable criteria for assessing magnitude of epidemic process in TBE foci. Hence, our study was aimed at assessing natural herd immunity TBEV in Republic Sakha associated with elevated incidence of tick bite visits. Here, we analyzed the data regarding the rate of tick attacks in the period of 2001–2007 in Republic Sakha. Residents and individuals unvaccinated against TBEV in the city ofYakutskas well as various administrative regions were examined to record the peak incidence of tick attacks. It was found that a range of the administrative regions recording with registered of ixodic tick attacks and elevated incidence of tick bites was expanded. Moreover, the top incidence of tick bites was annually recorded in the south regions of the republic Aldanian, Neryungri, Olyekminsk, Leninsk, Khangalassky districts, city ofYakutskand its suburbs. Furthermore, TBEV-specific immunoglobulins were detected in 5.7±0.68% of the residents examined suggesting about contacts with the pathogen. In addition, the peak count of seropositive people (8.9±1.85%) was identified in Namsky district located in the central part of the republic. Overall, detection rate of TBEV-specific antibodies among general adult population (6.9±0.95%) was significantly higher compared to those observed in children (3.9±0.89%, р 0.05). no significant differences in urban (5.8±1.12%) vs. rural population (5.63±0.84%) was found.
The possibility of identifying individual strains of glanders and melioidosis pathogens with a combination of immunoblotting and DNA amplification methods
Authors: Vetchinin S. S. , Shchit I. Yu. , Shevyakov A. G. , Biketov S. F.
Published: July 2019

Causative agents of melioidosis and glanders are among the most dangerous bacterial pathogens for human. Moreover, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are considered to be potential bioterrorism agents. In connection with this, timely diagnostics of such bacteria is of high importance. In our study, we made an attempt to develop an approach for detecting pathogenic Burkholderia spp. by combining species-specific amplification and strain-specific dot blotting assay with monoclonal antibodies. The following pathogenic Burkholderia strains were used in experiments: B. mallei (C-4, C-5, t-12, B-120, P-1, Мuksuwar-11, Z-12,Zagreb, Ivanovich, 5534), and B. pseudomallei (100, 102, 115, 116, 132, 135, 301, 51274, 60913, 61503). Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) and dot blotting with monoclonal antibodies against surface Burkholderia epitopes were used to detect such pathogens. RT-PCR was carried out by using primers designed to recognize DNA fragments in B. mallei IS407A-fliP and the gene Orf12 from B. pseudomallei. For this, DNA was isolated from bacterial cells suspended at 1 × 104 microbial cells/ml. accumulation of the end reaction products was visualized by staining with dye SYBR Green I. Specificity of amplification reaction was determined by measuring melting temperature (Tm) for end products followed by running gel electrophoresis. It was demonstrated that all ten strains of either B. mallei or B. pseudomallei examined in the study were detected by using primers against IS407A-fliP DNA fragment and the gene Orf12, respectively. It was demonstrated that all ten strains of either B. mallei or B. pseudomallei examined in the study were detected by using primers against IS407A-fliP DNA fragment and the gene Orf12, respectively. Importantly, no signals specific to heterologous microbial DNA (isolated from bacterial cell suspension at concentration of 1 × 107 microbial cells/ml) were detected by using RT-PCR. Thus, RT-PCR provides an opportunity for assessing an inter-species diversity among pathogenic Burkholderia species. A genus-specificity was observed by using monoclonal antibodies 3D3 which bind to both Burkholderia strains, whereas antibodies 2D11 exhibited no selective binding to strain Р1 B. mallei and strain 100 B. pseudomallei, thereby displaying a strain-specific interaction. Thus, it allowed to conclude that combining a species-specific DNA amplification particularly RT-PCR together with immune-based assay such as dot blotting by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies seems to be a promising approach for assessing intra-species diversity among pathogenic Burkholderia.
Incorporating MicroRNA into Molecular Phenotypes of Circulating Tumor Cells Enhances the Prognostic Accuracy for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Tan Weige , Liang Gehao , Xie Xinhua , Jiang Wenguo , Tan Luyuan , Sanders Andrew J. , Liu Zihao , Ling Yun , Zhong Wenjing , Tian Zhenluan , Lin Wanyi , Gong Chang
Published: July 2019

Background

The molecular phenotype of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was associated with clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer. CTCs isolated from patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) display a unique microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. The aim of this study was to enhance the prognostic accuracy of the CTC phenotype in patients with MBC, by incorporating miRNA into a combined prediction model.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

CTCs were detected by CellSearch and enriched by magnetic cell sorting. miRNA deep sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to screen and verify potentially CTC-specific miRNA candidates. Patients with MBC were enrolled from two independent cohorts, and overall survival (OS) and chemotherapy response were analyzed.

Results

We screened and identified that miR-106b was an upregulated molecule in patients with MBC with CTC ≥5/7.5 mL (n = 16) compared with patients with CTC = 0/7.5 mL (n = 16) and healthy donors (n = 8). The expression of CTC-specific miR-106b correlated with vimentin and E-cadherin in CTC and acted as an independent factor for predicting OS (hazard ratio 2.157, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.098–4.239, p = .026). Although CTC-specific miR-106b, E-cadherin, and vimentin showed a prognostic potential independently, the prognostic performance for OS based on the combination of three markers was significantly enhanced in Cohort 1 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.752, 95% CI 0.658–0.847, n = 128) and further validated in Cohort 2 (AUC 0.726, 95% CI 0.595–0.856, n = 91). Besides, a combined model incorporating miR-106b was associated with therapy response.

Conclusion

The phenotypic assemblies of CTC incorporating miR-106b show enhanced prognostic accuracy of overall survival in patients with MBC.

Implications for Practice

In order to enhance the prognostic accuracy of the circulating tumor cell (CTC) phenotype in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), this study screened and identified a CTC-specific microRNA (miRNA), miR-106b, as an upregulated molecule based on the comparison of miRNA profile between CTCs, primary tumors, and healthy blood donors. By incorporating miR-106b into a combined prediction model, the prognostic accuracy of the CTC phenotype for patients with MBC was greatly improved in both the training and validation cohorts. This work provides clinical evidence supporting the prognostic potential of CTC-specific miRNA for patients with MBC. These results indicate that developing CTC-specific miRNAs as new biomarkers will help to further optimize personalized therapy.
Probabilistic structural fire engineering using incremental fire analysis and cloud analysis
Authors: Shrivastava Mayank , Abu Anthony K. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Moss Peter J. , Yeow Trevor Z.
Published: July 2019

Probabilistic structural fire engineering is an approach to designing structures for fire conditions, which allows the estimation of an annual rate of exceeding various levels of building response. This is done by combining the annual rate of exceeding various fire exposure conditions with probabilistic relationships between structural response and fire severity. One available method that has been used to quantify this relationship is incremental fire analysis (IFA). Another approach which is well-established in earthquake engineering but has so far not been explored in fire engineering is cloud analysis (CA). This paper compares how well both methods estimate structural response under fire conditions and their associated probabilities of exceedance of a specified level of structural response. The paper demonstrates the inner workings of the two methods and their application and also proposes recommendations for their application to structural fire engineering. It is demonstrated with the help of a case study of a composite steel beam exposed to a suite of fires, generated by considering fuel load and ventilation as random variables. CA is found to be computationally less demanding than IFA, yet both approaches produce similar probability of exceedance of various levels of structural response.
Acoustic emission monitoring of crushing of an analogue granular material
Authors: Luo S. , Ibraim E. , Diambra A.
Published: July 2019

A two-dimensional (2D) analogue material formed of rod cylinders of chalk is tested under one-dimensional (1D) oedometric loading conditions. Passive non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technique is used to document the occurrence of crushing of individual particles. While the AE activity is recorded by a sensor placed on the sample boundaries, the AE signals are also corroborated with the observations based on video records of the exposed face of the 2D sample, as well as vertical loading and displacement measurements of the global sample. In the process, 1D tests on individual cylindrical rods were also conducted and their AE crushing signatures compared with the AE data recorded at the 2D sample scale. While AE signal features can capture the particle crushing in the 2D granular systems, their occurrence shows high complexities driven by internal crushing particle mechanisms and geometrical position of particles with respect to the AE monitoring device. The frequency content of AE signals shows some evidence of the existence of an AE signature for a typical particle crushing mechanism, which may be a consequence of the dynamic properties of the whole system.
Syllable, accent, rhythm: typological and methodological considerations for teaching Spanish as a foreign language
Authors: Lahoz José María
Published: July 2019

El ritmo es una propiedad del habla relacionada con la organización temporal de los sonidos en términos de agrupamiento. Las unidades de segmentación son específicas de cada lengua y emergen de propiedades fonológicas tales como la estructura silábica, la fonotáctica, y los contrastes prosódicos en los niveles léxico y postléxico. Las diferencias rítmicas entre las lenguas plantean problemas para la adquisición de segundas lenguas, debido a la compleja combinación de claves acústicas, las dificultades perceptivas causadas por la sordera fonológica, y las interferencias con la organización de los contrastes segmentales y con el acceso al léxico. Este artículo ofrece una comparación tipológica que incluye descripciones de las distintas clases de ritmo existentes (temporización silábica, acentual, y moraica), así como de los distintos sistemas de contraste prosódico en el nivel léxico (lenguas tonales, de acento tonal, y de acento tipo «stress»). Este análisis permite predecir los errores típicos que afectan a los estudiantes de español de distintas procedencias lingü.sticas. Además, se describe la estructura silábica y el sistema acentual del español, y se sugieren algunas estrategias para practicarlos en clase.
La integración de las TIC en la clase de ELE. Panorama de una (r)evolución
Authors: Hernández Mercedes María del Pilar
Published: July 2019

El propósito de este artículo es doble y responde a las directrices siguientes: por un lado, revisar el estado de la cuestión de la integración de las TIC en el aula de ELE y por el otro, indicar los elementos y líneas más significativos que dentro del ámbito de las TIC van a marcar la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera o L2 en un futuro inmediato desde las perspectivas tanto del estudiante como del investigador y del docente.
Language switching: Exploring writers’ perceptions on the use of their L1s in the L2 writing process
Authors: Plata-Ramírez José Miguel
Published: July 2019

Investigaciones recientes sobre la escritura en segundas lenguas (L2) indican que los escritores de L2 constantemente se dan instrucciones sobre el cómo y el qué hacer durante el proceso de escritura, utilizando las dos lenguas a disposición. A este constante ir y venir entre la L1 y L2 durante el proceso de escritura en la L2 se conoce como «language switching» (L-S). Los principales objetivos de este estudio cualitativo fueron dos: a) explorar las percepciones que estos participantes tienen acerca de su proceso de escritura en su segunda lengua (L2) y en particular, sobre el uso de su primera lengua (L1) en el proceso de escritura en L2 y b) describir las percepciones y tensiones que estos participantes tienen de su proceso personal de escritura en su L2. Los participantes fueron cuatro estudiantes de una universidad estadounidense que completaron dos actividades de escritura en su L2. Los datos recolectados incluyen transcripciones de entrevistas, protocolos en voz alta, sesiones de reflexión, cintas de video y textos escritos de los estudiantes. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los participantes estaban conscientes de los beneficios que el L-S traía a su proceso de escritura en su L2. Su L1 les ayudó a organizar las ideas, escribir y comprender mejor las tareas asignadas. Los resultados sugieren que el uso de la L1 durante la escritura en L2 parece ser un proceso consciente para aquellos que utilizan la L2 como segunda lengua, y un proceso mental inconsciente para aquellos que emplean su L2 como lengua extranjera. Este estudio también reveló que el tiempo, las asignaciones, la falta de dominio de L2, y los protocolos en voz alta pueden afectar negativamente el proceso de la escritura en L2 de los participantes.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: July 2019

El número 5 de la Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras (RILE) presenta cuatro estudios centrados en diferentes ámbitos de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas y aplicados a diferentes idiomas, trabajos en los que, como se indica a continuación de manera resumida, se abordan cuestiones de muy diferente índole: selección y organización de las entradas de un diccionario bilingüe, el impacto de las emociones en la motivación para aprender una lengua extranjera, la exploración de las percepciones que tiene quien escribe acerca del uso de su propia lengua en el proceso de escritura de la lengua extranjera y las variables que influyen sobre el aprendizaje del inglés como segunda lengua.
Selección y organización de las entradas en el Spænsk-íslensk orðabók / Diccionario español islandés
Authors: García Pérez Rafael
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se estudia la macroestructura del diccionario españolislandés más reciente (Spænsk-íslensk or›abók / Diccionario español-islandés) y se ponen de manifiesto algunas de las incoherencias e inconsistencias más relevantes que caracterizan al proceso de selección y organización de sus entradas. Se muestra, además, en qué medida estas incoherencias se deben, en su mayor parte, a la decisión de sus redactores de reutilizar la macroestructura de otras obras ya existentes en el mercado, en concreto el diccionario bilingüe español-inglés de la editorial HarperCollins.
El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y de una conciencia social crítica: metodología y prácticas pedagógicas de un curso de nivel intermedio B1 de ELE
Authors: Gasca Jiménez Laura
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo describe la metodología y las prácticas pedagógicas de un curso de nivel intermedio B1 de español con el objetivo de subrayar la importancia de incluir un componente crítico en las clases de lengua; asimismo, se busca ilustrar la forma de fomentar el pensamiento crítico y de favorecer el desarrollo de una conciencia social crítica en este tipo de cursos. Basado en cuatro enfoques pedagógicos (el pensamiento crítico, la pedagogía crítica, el constructivismo y el enfoque por tareas), el curso Intensive Intermediate Spanish (SPAN 2610) está dirigido a estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera y se caracteriza por contribuir al desarrollo de conocimientos culturales, del pensamiento crítico y de una conciencia social crítica, además de avanzar en los conocimientos lingüísticos. Tras describir brevemente los principios pedagógicos centrales que sirvieron como base para la planificación del curso, proporcionamos una descripción detallada de los objetivos, los contenidos, la organización y la metodología de este. A continuación, ofrecemos un análisis cualitativo del impacto de la metodología y los principios pedagógicos puestos en práctica. La viabilidad y el impacto positivo del enfoque empleado se hace evidente en los proyectos finales llevados a cabo por los estudiantes del curso (N = 26), en los que demostraron la capacidad de describir y analizar críticamente diferentes realidades socioculturales de la lengua meta. Por último, se ofrecen una serie de recomendaciones pedagógicas para fomentar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y una conciencia social crítica en las clases de ELE.
Los efectos del contexto educativo en el desarrollo del uso del pronombre personal sujeto en español como segunda lengua
Authors: Salgado-Robles Francisco
Published: July 2019

Existe una amplia literatura que manifiesta las ganancias lingüísticas por aprendices de español en un contexto de estudios en el extranjero. Aunque la mayoría de estos estudios muestra cierto éxito a nivel lingüístico (gramatical, fonológico, sociolingüístico, etc.), tenemos escaso conocimiento que documente el aprendizaje en el plano pragmático de la lengua. Por tanto, la presente investigación estudia el desarrollo del uso de pronombre personal sujeto a nivel discursivo por aprendices de español como segunda lengua. Con el objeto de entender mejor el impacto del contexto educativo en el desarrollo del sistema interlingüístico, este estudio presenta una comparación de escenario: aula ordinaria en Estados Unidos y aula de inmersión social, cultural y educativa en España. Este trabajo no contribuye únicamente al campo de la investigación que evidencia el impacto del contexto de aprendizaje, sino que los resultados también reflejan la existencia de similares tendencias del aprendizaje del sujeto a nivel discursivo en ambos escenarios. Si bien los resultados indican que ambos grupos de aprendices perfeccionan la expresión de pronombre personal sujeto al final del periodo de intervención, la comparación intergrupal revela que el grupo de inmersión en el extranjero alcanza un mayor nivel de competencia en el dominio del sujeto pronominal.
Presentación
Authors: Nomdedeu Rull Antoni
Published: July 2019

El número 9 de la Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras (RILE) presenta cuatro estudios centrados en diferentes ámbitos de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas, trabajos en los que, como se indica a continuación de manera resumida, se abordan cuestiones de muy diferente índole: normas pedagógicas contra normas lingüísticas en la selección del modo en español como L2 en la interfaz morfológico-semántica; gestión de dinámicas de grupos en la enseñanza de ELE a adultosen contextos de instrucción formal; la educación informal en el aprendizaje del español entre los universitarios de Corea del Sur; reflexiones sobre las prácticas de la enseñanza de la escritura en los cursos de español como lengua de origen.
SPARC Long-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia (or normoxia) using a custom in-cage computer controlled system v1
Authors: Gonzalez-Rothi Elisa , Allen Latoya , Simon Alec , Seven Yasin , Ciesla Marissa , Mitchell Gordon
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes the procedures for conducting long-term exposure to various intermittent hypoxia (or normoxia) protocols in rats.
SPARC Adenosine 2A Receptor Immunohistochemistry Protocol in Rat Tissues Labeled with Cholera Toxin B-fragment v1
Authors: Gonzalez-Rothi Elisa , Seven Yasin , Allen Latoya , Ciesla Marissa , Mitchell Gordon
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes the immunofluorescent labeling technique used to identify adenosine 2a receptor expression in CtB-labelled phrenic motor neurons and within a defined region of interest surrounding phrenic motor neurons.
SPARC Retrograde Neuroanatomical Tracing of Phrenic Motor Neurons Using Intrapleural Injections of Cholera Toxin B Fragment v1
Authors: Allen Latoya , Ciesla Marissa , Seven Yasin , Gonzalez-Rothi Elisa , Pool Gordon
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes the procedure for retrogradely labeling bilateral phrenic motor neuron pools in the cervical spinal cord using intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B fragment
An ecological momentary episodic future thinking intervention on mother’s weekly food purchases v1
Authors: Hollis-Hansen Kelseanna , Seidman Jennifer , O'Donnell Sara , Wedderburn Amber , Stanar Sanja , Brande Spencer , H. Epstein Leonard
Published: July 2019

Background: Imagining one’s own future (episodic future thinking, EFT) has helped mothers with overweight purchase healthier groceries during an online shopping task in the laboratory. The present study explored whether delivering an EFT intervention to participant’s devices via an ecological momentary intervention (EMI) tool would help mother’s purchase healthier food at brick-and-mortar stores. Methods: Participants (N=43, mother’s 31-52 years of age, BMI ≥ 24.9 kg/m2) were randomized to EFT or standardized episodic thinking (SET). EFT cues include a positive and vivid description of future events while SET cues focus on the experience of playing mobile games in the laboratory. Cues were uploaded to participant profiles on an EMI site. Participants were trained on how to read and listen to cues as well as how to detail purchases. Participants received text reminders to listen to cues before shopping and returned with receipts the following day. Receipt data was analyzed to derive dependent variables, calories and nutrients purchased per person. ANOVAs were conducted to compare dietary variables by group. Results: Participants in the EFT group purchased fewer calories than participants in the SET control group (F(1,41)=6.25,p=0.02;ηp2=.13) as well as fewer grams of fat (F(1,41)=10.03,p<0.01;ηp2= .20), saturated fat (F(1,41)=6.15,p =0.02;ηp2=.13), and sodium (F(1,41)=7.93, p<0.01;ηp2= .16). Conclusion: Delivering an EFT intervention to participant devices is a promising way to improve the calorie and nutrient content of food purchases. Future research will include a longer follow-up and analyze calorie changes over time.
Isolation of total DNA from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 v1
Authors: Behle Anna
Published: July 2019

This protocol can be used for extraction of total genomic DNA from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.