bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endolymphatic sac tumor and angiomatous lesions of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa as a first manifestation of von Hippel‐Lindau disease
Authors: Honeder Clemens , Gstoettner Wolfgang , Matula Christian , Czerny Christian , Gruber Andreas , Ramsebner Reinhard , Arnoldner Christoph
Published: July 2012

In the present article we report an endolymphatic sac tumor in a 15‐year‐old male who had additional angiomatous lesions in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa and was diagnosed with von Hippel‐Lindau disease postoperatively. Preoperative imaging excluded cholesteatoma, but did not provide sufficient information to distinguish between jugular paraganglioma and endolymphatic sac tumor. To the authors' knowledge this is the first description of angiomatous lesions in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract in a von Hippel‐Lindau disease patient, a potentially useful finding for future radiological differential diagnosis in cases presenting with endolymphatic sac tumor. Laryngoscope, 2012
Usage of four‐phase high‐resolution rhinomanometry and measurement of nasal resistance in sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Toh Song‐Tar , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Guilleminault Christian
Published: July 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To investigate the ease of use of four‐phase high‐resolution rhinomanometry (HRR), a new way of measuring nasal resistance, in measuring change in nasal resistance from supine to inclined position in a clinical sleep laboratory setting, and to correlate findings with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) tolerance.

Study Design:

Retrospective review of clinical charts.

Methods:

Forty successively seen Caucasian subjects diagnosed with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) with complete charts were analyzed. Using four‐phase HRR and acoustic rhinometry, nasal resistance and minimal cross‐sectional area of the nasal cavity were objectively measured with the patient in the supine position and repeated in the inclined position (30° from the horizontal plane), respectively.

Results:

From the supine to inclined position, reduction in total nasal resistance was observed in 87.5% (35 out of 40). There was a mean reduction of nasal resistance by 37.1 ± 21.6%. Five (12.5%) out of 40 subjects showed no change or mild increase in nasal resistance. Subjects with nasal resistance unresponsive to the inclined position change tended to have difficulty using nasal CPAP based on downloaded compliance card data.

Conclusions:

Four‐phase HRR and acoustic rhinometry are tests that can be easily performed by sleep specialists to characterize nasal resistance in SDB patients and determine changes in resistance with positional changes. In this study, we found that patients who did not demonstrate a decrease in nasal resistance with inclined position were more likely to be noncompliant with nasal CPAP. These measurements may help us objectively identify patients who might have trouble tolerating nasal CPAP. Laryngoscope, 2012
Contribution of postero‐anterior cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Poirrier Anne‐Lise , Pire Sylvie , Raskin Sylviane , Limme Michel , Poirrier Robert
Published: July 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Lateral cephalometry has been widely used to characterize facial and maxillary morphology in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. It is a useful tool to assess orthodontic and maxillofacial procedures, but transverse dimensions of the airway (e.g., nasal framework) have not been well described yet by cephalometry. We explored whether postero‐anterior cephalometry could refine the analysis of the facial morphology, with a special attention paid to nasal morphology. We validated cephalometric measurements relevant to the diagnosis of OSA.

Study Design:

Controlled study.

Methods:

We explored postero‐anterior and lateral cephalometric bony structures in OSA patients and in control subjects to determine which were predictive of an association with OSA. Healthy volunteers paired for age and sex to OSA patients underwent polysomnography and cephalometry. Data were analyzed by Shapiro‐Wilk, Fisher, Wilcoxon, and paired t tests where appropriate.

Results:

Nasal fossae and maxillary bone proportions were positively and independently associated with the absence of OSA. Measurements of maxillary width, nasal fossae angle, and anterior skull base contributed to the characterization of OSA patients.

Conclusions:

Postero‐anterior cephalometry is an easy, rapid, informative, and reliable technique, which is complementary to the lateral cephalometry in the assessment of OSA patients. Our study may also suggest the negative impact of the nasal resistance on the upper airway resistance in sleep disorders. Laryngoscope, 2012
A Jacobi–Davidson method for two‐real‐parameter nonlinear eigenvalue problems arising from delay‐differential equations
Authors: Meerbergen Karl , Schröder Christian , Voss Heinrich
Published: July 2012

The critical delays of a delay‐differential equation can be computed by solving a nonlinear two‐parameter eigenvalue problem. The solution of this two‐parameter problem can be translated to solving a quadratic eigenvalue problem of squared dimension. We present a structure preserving QR‐type method for solving such quadratic eigenvalue problem that only computes real‐valued critical delays; that is, complex critical delays, which have no physical meaning, are discarded. For large‐scale problems, we propose new correction equations for a Newton‐type or Jacobi–Davidson style method, which also forces real‐valued critical delays. We present three different equations: one real‐valued equation using a direct linear system solver, one complex valued equation using a direct linear system solver, and one Jacobi–Davidson style correction equation that is suitable for an iterative linear system solver. We show numerical examples for large‐scale problems arising from PDEs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of tryptophan containing peptides as potential analgesic and anti‐inflammatory agents
Authors: Suhas R. , Gowda D. Channe
Published: July 2012

A new series of smaller peptides with tryptophan at C‐terminal and varying N‐protected amino acids/peptides were designed, synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties of these peptides were carried out in vivo using tail‐flick method and carrageenan‐induced paw edema method, respectively, at different doses and different time intervals. Most of the peptides synthesized displayed enhanced activity, and particularly tetra and hexapeptides 29–31 were found to be even more potent than the reference standards used. Moreover, some peptides have exhibited promising activity even after 24 h of administration, whereas the reference standards were active only up to 3 h. Further, the compounds did not present any ulcerogenic liability. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Computational View of PATO and its Tautomers
Authors: Türker Lemi , Çelik Bayar Çağlar
Published: July 2012

1, 2, 4‐Triazole and 3‐amino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole are useful starting materials for the synthesis of many 1, 2, 4‐triazole‐based explosives. Electronic properties and Kamlet–Jacobs detonation performances of PATO (3‐picrylamino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole) (a relatively inexpensive, insensitive, and thermally stable explosive) and its 1, 3‐ and 1, 5‐ tautomers are investigated computationally using PM3, HF/6‐31G(d, p), and B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) methods. The relationships between the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities and the aromaticities are examined for all structures and their relative sensitivities are compared in terms of bond dissociation energies. The use of both PM3 and isodesmic methods in the calculation of heat of formation of PATO is discussed.
Community Forestry
Authors: Bullock Ryan C. L. , Hanna Kevin S.
Published: July 2012

Providing a critical and incisive examination of community forestry, this is a detailed study of complex issues in local forest governance, community sustainability and grassroots environmentalism. It explores community forestry as an alternative form of local collaborative governance in globally significant developed forest regions, with examples ranging from the Gulf Islands of British Columbia to Scandinavia. Responding to the global trend in devolution of control over forest resources and the ever-increasing need for more sustainable approaches to forest governance, the book highlights both the possibilities and challenges associated with community forestry implementation. It features compelling case studies and accounts from those directly involved with community forestry efforts, providing unique insight into the underlying social processes, issues, events and perceptions. It will equip students, researchers and practitioners with a deep understanding of both the evolution and management of community forestry in a pan-national context.
The Lost German East
Authors: Demshuk Andrew
Published: July 2012

A fifth of West Germany's post-1945 population consisted of ethnic German refugees expelled from Eastern Europe, a quarter of whom came from Silesia. As the richest territory lost inside Germany's interwar borders, Silesia was a leading objective for territorial revisionists, many of whom were themselves expellees. The Lost German East examines how and why millions of Silesian expellees came to terms with the loss of their homeland. Applying theories of memory and nostalgia, as well as recent studies on ethnic cleansing, Andrew Demshuk shows how, over time, most expellees came to recognize that the idealized world they mourned no longer existed. Revising the traditional view that most of those expelled sought a restoration of prewar borders so they could return to the east, Demshuk offers a new answer to the question of why, after decades of violent upheaval, peace and stability took root in West Germany during the tense early years of the Cold War.
Where Is the Tipping Point? Bilateral Trade and the Diffusion of Human Rights
Authors: Cao Xun , Greenhill Brian , Prakash Aseem
Published: July 2012

Drawing on a panel of 136 countries over the period 1982–2004, we study a tipping point version of Vogel's ‘California Effect’ in the context of the diffusion of human rights practices. Because human rights practices are often deeply embedded in a society's customs and political institutions, we expect that a high level of pressure from the importing countries is needed to bring about changes in an exporting country's human rights records. We find strong empirical support for this threshold effect; provided that the average level of respect for human rights in importing countries is sufficiently high, trading relationships can operate as transmission belts for the diffusion of human rights practices from importing to exporting countries.
Evidence of diagnostic specificity in the neural correlates of facial affect processing in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of functional imaging studies
Authors: Delvecchio G. , Sugranyes G. , Frangou S.
Published: July 2012

Background

Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) may overlap in etiology and phenomenology but differ with regard to emotional processing. We used facial affect as a probe for emotional processing to determine whether there are diagnosis-related differences between SZ and BD in the function of the underlying neural circuitry.

Method

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies published up to 30 April 2012 investigating facial affect processing in patients with SZ or BD were identified through computerized and manual literature searches. Activation foci from 29 studies encompassing 483 healthy individuals, 268 patients with SZ and 267 patients with BD were subjected to voxel-based quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE).

Results

Compared to healthy individuals, when emotional facial stimuli were contrasted to neutral stimuli, patients with BD showed overactivation within the parahippocampus/amygdala and thalamus and reduced engagement within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) whereas patients with SZ showed underactivation throughout the entire facial affect processing network and increased activation in visual processing regions within the cuneus. Patients with BD showed greater thalamic engagement compared to patients with SZ; in the reverse comparison, patients with SZ showed greater engagement in posterior associative visual cortices.

Conclusions

During facial affect processing, patients with BD show overactivation in subcortical regions and underactivation in prefrontal regions of the facial affect processing network, consistent with the notion of reduced emotional regulation. By contrast, overactivation within visual processing regions coupled with reduced engagement of facial affect processing regions points to abnormal visual integration as the core underlying deficit in SZ.
A local ergodic theorem for non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps with singularities
Authors: DEL MAGNO GIANLUIGI , MARKARIAN ROBERTO
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we prove a criterion for the local ergodicity of non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps with singularities. Our result is an extension of a theorem of Liverani and Wojtkowski.
Prenatal famine exposure, health in later life and promoter methylation of four candidate genes
Authors: Veenendaal M. V. , Costello P. M. , Lillycrop K. A. , de Rooij S. R. , van der Post J. A. , Bossuyt P. M. , Hanson M. A. , Painter R. C. , Roseboom T. J.
Published: July 2012

Poor nutrition during fetal development can permanently alter growth, cardiovascular physiology and metabolic function. Animal studies have shown that prenatal undernutrition followed by balanced postnatal nutrition alters deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation of gene promoter regions of candidate metabolic control genes in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate whether methylation status of the proximal promoter regions of four candidate genes differed between individuals exposed to the Dutch famine in utero. In addition, we determined whether methylation status of these genes was associated with markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease and adult lifestyle. Methylation status of the GR1-C (glucocorticoid receptor), PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), lipoprotein lipase and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase p85 proximal promoters was investigated in DNA isolated from peripheral blood samples of 759 58-year-old subjects born around the time of the 1944–45 Dutch famine. We observed no differences in methylation levels of the promoters between exposed and unexposed men and women. Methylation status of PPARγ was associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides as well as with exercise and smoking. Hypomethylation of the GR promoter was associated with adverse adult lifestyle factors, including higher body mass index, less exercise and more smoking. The previously reported increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease after prenatal famine exposure was not associated with differences in methylation status across the promoter regions of these candidate genes measured in peripheral blood. The adult environment seems to affect GR and PPARγ promoter methylation.
Culture-Constrained Affective Consistency of Interpersonal Behavior
Authors: Schröder Tobias , Netzel Janine , Schermuly Carsten C. , Scholl Wolfgang
Published: July 2012

We examined the core hypothesis of affect control theory (ACT; Heise, 2007 ), namely, that human social interaction is guided by culture-constrained affective consistency. Our study is the first empirical test of this principle applied to nonverbal behavior. A group of 120 subjects in 60 dyads were videotaped during a problem-solving task. Their interactions were subdivided into discrete meaningful events and assigned ratings of the friendliness, dominance, and activity displayed by the interactants. We used a computational model based on ACT to predict frequencies of, and likely sequences between, specific patterns of interpersonal affect. The model predicted the data well. We argue that assuming a principle of consistency is valuable for understanding not only individual social cognition, but also the interdependencies between individuals, social settings, and culture.
Sadness Is Believed to Signal Competence When Displayed With Passionate Restraint
Authors: Zawadzki Matthew J. , Warner Leah R. , Shields Stephanie A.
Published: July 2012

A longstanding Western belief is that emotionality, such as sadness, is the antithesis to rational thinking and leads to ineffective behavior. We propose that people believe that sadness can actually signal competence when it is expressed in a way that demonstrates control and awareness of one’s authentic emotion, which we label passionate restraint (PR). In two studies, participants rated protagonists displaying sadness either openly or suppressed, or using PR, on their competence, authenticity, and emotional control. We find that PR is rated as more competent than open displays of emotion because of perceived control, and more competent than suppressed emotion displays because of emotional authenticity. Results demonstrate the importance that beliefs about emotions have on how others are perceived and judged.
Because I’m Worth It! (More than Others ...)
Authors: Toma Claudia , Bry Clémentine , Butera Fabrizio
Published: July 2012

In group decision-making, people take insufficient account of the information coming from others. We hypothesize that this can be explained by an ownership bias that would especially occur in competition, rather than in cooperation. In a two-phase decision-making situation, people reached an initial decision and then evaluated the value of their own information and the consistent and inconsistent information of others under different conditions of goal interdependence (cooperation or competition). Finally, then had to reach a final decision regarding a road accident. Results showed an ownership bias in information value which is stronger in competition than in cooperation. Moreover, decision quality was lower in competition than in cooperation, an effect mediated by the ownership bias, beyond the preference effect.
Major Miocene exhumation by fault‐propagation folding within a metamorphosed, early Paleozoic thrust belt: Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Pearson D. M. , Kapp P. , Reiners P. W. , Gehrels G. E. , Ducea M. N. , Pullen A. , Otamendi J. E. , Alonso R. N.
Published: July 2012

The central Andean retroarc thrust belt is characterized by a southward transition at ∼22°S in structural style (thin‐skinned in Bolivia, thick‐skinned in Argentina) and apparent magnitude of Cenozoic shortening (>100 km more in the north). With the aim of evaluating the abruptness and cause of this transition, we conducted a geological and geo‐thermochronological study of the Cachi Range (∼24–25°S), which is a prominent topographic feature at this latitude. Our U‐Pb detrital zircon results from the oldest exposed rocks (Puncoviscana Formation) constrain deposition to mainly Cambrian time, followed by major, Cambro‐Ordovician shortening and ∼484 Ma magmatism. Later, Cretaceous rift faults were locally inverted during Cenozoic shortening. Coupled with previous work, our new (U‐Th)/He zircon results require 8–10 km of Miocene exhumation that was likely associated with fault‐propagation folding within the Cachi Range. After Miocene shortening, displacement on sinistral strike‐slip faults demonstrates a change in stress state to a non‐vertically orientedσ3. This change in stress state may result from an increase in gravitational potential energy in response to significant crustal thickening and/or lithospheric root removal. Our finding of localized Cenozoic shortening in the Cachi Range increases the estimate of the local magnitude of shortening, but still suggests that significantly less shortening was accommodated south of the thin‐skinned Bolivian fold‐thrust belt. Our results also underscore the importance of the pre‐existing stratigraphic and structural architecture in orogens in influencing the style of subsequent deformation.
The International Opportunities Fund for global change research
Authors: Killeen Tim , Uhle Maria , van der Pluijm Ben
Published: July 2012

Earthquakes, floods, and weather extremes are among a range of societal hazards that are increasingly studied by national and international researchers, but the absence of international collaboration and coordination is increasingly leading to inefficiencies and lost opportunities. The world's major funders of global change research are considering how best to align financial and human capital toward delivering the relevant knowledge that society will need in the 21st century. The Belmont Forum (named after the group's first meeting venue in Maryland in 2009) meets twice a year and is composed of funding executives from Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Norway, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Commission, together with the executive directors of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and International Social Sciences Council (ISSC); a full list of members is on the Belmont Forum Web site, http://igfagcr.org/index.php/belmont‐forum.
Language Outcomes of Contextualized and Decontextualized Language Intervention: Results of an Early Efficacy Study
Authors: Gillam Sandra Laing , Gillam Ronald B. , Reece Kellie
Published: July 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this early efficacy study (Fey & Finestack, 2009) was to determine whether a new contextualized language intervention (CLI) or an existing decontextualized language intervention (DLI) resulted in greater changes in children’s language and narration in comparison to a no-treatment condition (CON).

Method

Sixteen children between the ages of 6;0 (years;months) and 9;0 were randomly assigned to the CLI and DLI groups. Eight similar-age children from the no-treatment phase of a separate study acted as a control group. Children in the CLI and DLI conditions received 50-min group intervention sessions 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Sentence-and discourse-level measures were administered to assess intervention outcomes.

Results

Both interventions were associated with statistically significant gains on sentence- and discourse-level measures when compared to a no-treatment condition. Effect size analyses demonstrated that the CLI group outperformed the DLI group on all outcome measures.

Conclusion

The results revealed signs of efficacy in an intervention approach in which clinicians treated multiple linguistic targets using meaningful activities with high levels of topic continuity. With some minor revisions, this intervention should be ready to be tested in a larger, more costly, and more internally valid efficacy study.
Persistent energy flow for a stochastic wave equation model in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Authors: Thomas Lawrence E.
Published: July 2012

We consider a one-dimensional partial differential equation system modeling heat flow around a ring. The system includes a Klein-Gordon wave equation for a field satisfying spatial periodic boundary conditions, as well as Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic differential equations with finite rank dissipation and stochastic driving terms modeling heat baths. There is an energy flow around the ring. In the case of a linear field with different (fixed) bath temperatures, the energy flow can persist even when the interaction with the baths is turned off. A simple example is given.
Scanning superconducting quantum interference device on a tip for magnetic imaging of nanoscale phenomena
Authors: Finkler A. , Vasyukov D. , Segev Y. , Ne'eman L. , Lachman E. O. , Rappaport M. L. , Myasoedov Y. , Zeldov E. , Huber M. E.
Published: July 2012

We describe a new type of scanning probe microscope based on a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that resides on the apex of a sharp tip. The SQUID-on-tip is glued to a quartz tuning fork which allows scanning at a tip-sample separation of a few nm. The magnetic flux sensitivity of the SQUID is 1.8 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mu \Phi _0/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$\end{document}μΦ0/ Hz and the spatial resolution is about 200 nm, which can be further improved. This combination of high sensitivity, spatial resolution, bandwidth, and the very close proximity to the sample provides a powerful tool for study of dynamic magnetic phenomena on the nanoscale. The potential of the SQUID-on-tip microscope is demonstrated by imaging of the vortex lattice and of the local ac magnetic response in superconductors.
Development of integrated high temperature sensor for simultaneous measurement of wall heat flux and temperature
Authors: Li Long , Wang Jing , Fan Xuejun
Published: July 2012

In this paper, an integrated water-cooled sensor has been developed to simultaneously measure the heat flux and temperature at the wall of a scramjet combustor. The upgrade sensor was designed based on the principle of Gardon heat-flux gauge with many improvements. The sensor was well calibrated by both conductive heating sources and blackbody cavity device. The effects of structural material and dimensions on the sensor's responses were examined. Both the experimental measurements and numerical simulation were conducted and showed that the new sensor has the maximum measure ability of heat flux of 400 W/cm2 and stagnation temperatures up to 1920 K along with satisfactory response time.
Structural and electrical properties of atomic layer deposited Al-doped ZrO2 films and of the interface with TaN electrode
Authors: Spiga S. , Rao R. , Lamagna L. , Wiemer C. , Congedo G. , Lamperti A. , Molle A. , Fanciulli M. , Palma F. , Irrera F.
Published: July 2012

Al-doped ZrO2 (Al-ZrO2) films deposited by atomic layer deposition onto silicon substrates and the interface with the TaN metal gate are investigated. In particular, structural properties of as-grown and annealed films in the 6–26 nm thickness range, as well as leakage and capacitive behavior of metal-oxide-semiconductor stacks are characterized. As-deposited Al-ZrO2 films in the mentioned thickness range are amorphous and crystallize in the ZrO2 cubic phase after thermal treatment at 900 °C. Correspondingly, the dielectric constant (k) value increases from 20 ± 1 to 27 ± 2. The Al-ZrO2 layers exhibit uniform composition through the film thickness and are thermally stable on Si, whereas chemical reactions take place at the TaN/Al-ZrO2 interface. A transient capacitance technique is adopted for monitoring charge trapping and flat band instability at short and long time scales. The role of traps nearby the TaN/Al-ZrO2 interface is discussed and compared with other metal/high-k oxide films. Further, analytical modeling of the flat band voltage shift with a power-law dependence on time allows extracting features of bulk traps close to the silicon/oxide interface, which exhibit energy levels in the 1.4–1.9 eV range above the valence band of the Al-ZrO2.
Towards hard x-ray imaging at GHz frame rate
Authors: Wang Zhehui , Morris C. L. , Kapustinsky J. S. , Kwiatkowski K. , Luo S.-N.
Published: July 2012

Gigahertz (GHz) imaging using hard x-rays (≳10 keV) can be useful to high-temperature plasma experiments, as well as research and applications using coherent photons from synchrotron radiation and x-ray free electron lasers. GHz framing rate can be achieved by using multiple cameras through multiplexing. The advantages and trade-offs of single-photon detection mode, when no more than one x-ray photon is detected per pixel, are given. Two possible paths towards x-ray imaging at GHz frame rates using a single camera are: (a) avalanche photodiode arrays of high-Z materials and (b) microchannel plate photomultipliers in conjunction with materials with large indices of refraction.
Embedded calibration system for the DIII-D Langmuir probe analog fiber optic links
Authors: Watkins J. G. , Rajpal R. , Mandaliya H. , Watkins M. , Boivin R. L.
Published: July 2012

This paper describes a generally applicable technique for simultaneously measuring offset and gain of 64 analog fiber optic data links used for the DIII-D fixed Langmuir probes by embedding a reference voltage waveform in the optical transmitted signal before every tokamak shot. The calibrated data channels allow calibration of the power supply control fiber optic links as well. The array of fiber optic links and the embedded calibration system described here makes possible the use of superior modern data acquisition electronics in the control room.
Inertial waves and modes excited by the libration of a rotating cube
Authors: Boisson Jean , Lamriben Cyril , Maas Leo R. M. , Cortet Pierre-Philippe , Moisy Frédéric
Published: July 2012

We report experimental measurements of the flow in a cubic container submitted to a longitudinal libration, i.e., a rotation modulated in time. Velocity fields in a vertical and a horizontal plane are measured in the librating frame using a corotating particle image velocimetry system. When the libration frequency σ0 is smaller than twice the mean rotation rate, Ω0, inertial waves can propagate in the interior of the fluid. At arbitrary excitation frequencies σ0 < 2Ω0, the oscillating flow shows two contributions: (i) a basic flow induced by the libration motion, and (ii) inertial wave beams propagating obliquely upward and downward from the horizontal edges of the cube. In addition to these two contributions, inertial modes may also be excited at some specific resonant frequencies. We characterize in particular the resonance of the mode of lowest order compatible with the symmetries of the forcing, noted [2,1,+]. By comparing the measured flow fields to the expected inviscid inertial modes computed numerically [L. R. M. Maas, “On the amphidromic structure of inertial waves in rectangular parallelepiped,” Fluid Dyn. Res. 33, 373 (2003)]10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2003.08.003, we show that only a subset of inertial modes, matching the symmetries of the forcing, can be excited by the libration.
Communication: Multistate quantum dynamics of photodissociation of carbon dioxide between 120 nm and 160 nm
Authors: Grebenshchikov Sergy Yu.
Published: July 2012

UV absorption cross section of CO2 is studied using high level ab initio quantum chemistry for electrons and iterative quantum dynamics for nuclear motion on interacting global full dimensional potential energy surfaces. Six electronic states—1, 2, 31A′ and 1, 2, 31A″—are considered. At linearity, they correspond to the ground electronic state \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\tilde{X}\sideset{^1}{_{g}^{+}}{\Sigma}$\end{document}X̃Σg+1 and the optically forbidden but vibronically allowed valence states 11Δu, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$1\sideset{^1}{_{u}^{-}}{\Sigma}$\end{document}1Σu−1, and 11Πg. In the Franck–Condon region, these states interact via Renner–Teller and conical intersections and are simultaneously involved in an intricate network of non-adiabatic couplings. The absorption spectrum, calculated for many rotational states, reproduces the distinct two-band shape of the experimental spectrum measured at 190 K and the characteristic patterns of the diffuse structures in each band. Quantum dynamics unravel the relative importance of different vibronic mechanisms, while metastable resonance states, underlying the diffuse structures, provide dynamically based vibronic assignments of individual lines.
High-quality surface passivation of silicon using native oxide and silicon nitride layers
Authors: Chowdhury Zahidur R. , Cho Kevin , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: July 2012

We report on the attainment of high quality surface passivation of crystalline silicon using facile native oxide and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition SiNx. Using systematic measurements of excess carrier density dependent minority carrier lifetime, it is observed that the inferred interface defect density decreases with increasing native oxide thickness while the interface charge density remains unchanged with thickness, which ranges from 0.2 Å to 10 Å. A surface recombination velocity of 8 cm/s is attained corresponding to a native oxide layer thickness of ∼10 Å. Similar chemically grown oxide layer followed by SiNx deposition is shown to yield comparable passivation, indicating practical viability of the passivation scheme.
Reduced equations of motion of the interface of dielectric liquids in vertical electric and gravitational fields
Authors: Kochurin Evgeny A. , Zubarev Nikolay M.
Published: July 2012

The dynamics of the interface between two dielectric fluids in the presence of vertical electric and gravitational fields is studied theoretically. It is shown that, in the particular case where the rate of change of the electric field is proportional to the effective gravitational acceleration, a special flow regime can be realized for which the velocity and electric potentials are linearly dependent functions. This means that there exists a frame of reference in which liquids move along the electric field lines. We derive and analyze the corresponding reduced equations of motion of a liquid-liquid interface. For small density ratio, they turn into the equations describing the Laplacian growth. In the case of two spatial dimensions, we show that these equations determine the asymptotic behavior of the system. For arbitrary density ratios, the Laplacian growth equations adequately describe the initial (weakly nonlinear) stage of the interface instability development. The integrability of these equations makes it possible to investigate the evolution of nonlinear waves at the boundary and, in particular, to demonstrate the tendency to the formation of singularities (cusps).
Altering regularities of electronic transport properties in twisted graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Tang G. P. , Zhou J. C. , Zhang Z. H. , Deng X. Q. , Fan Z. Q.
Published: July 2012

Based on density-function theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function method, the electronic transport properties of twisted armchair- and zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs and ZGNRs) are investigated. Results show that electronic transport properties are sensitive to twisting deformations for semiconductor-type AGNRs, but are robust against twisting deformations for quasi-metallic AGNRs and ZGNRs. The electronic conduction becomes weaker gradually for moderate-gap semiconductor-type AGNRs, but gets stronger for wide-gap semiconductor-type AGNRs when the twisted angle increases to 120°. While for quasi-metallic AGNRs and ZGNRs, the electronic conduction is strong and obeys Ohm’s law of resistance strictly. Mechanisms for such results are suggested.
Easy-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy of compressive strained (La, Ba)MnO3 film
Authors: ZengTian Jin , Wei Tong , Li Bing , Yang Lei , Duanmu Qingyong , Wang Xiaoping , Zhu Hong
Published: July 2012

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (LBMO) epitaxial films suffering large compressive strain on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates (LBMO/LAO) was investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range between 2 and 320 K. By mapping out the dependence of the FMR position on the angle between the applied magnetic field and crystallographic axes of the films, a large easy-plane anisotropy has been found in such compressive strained LBMO films, which is in contrast to the general tendency presented in strained manganite films. Furthermore, the excellent epitaxial crystallographic orientation due to the LAO substrates gives rise to an appreciable fourfold symmetry of the in-plane anisotropy with easy-axis along the [110] direction. The results are discussed by taking tolerance factor and giant magnetostriction of Ba-doped manganites into account.
Molten Salts: Volume 4, Part 4 Mixed Halide Melts Electrical Conductance, Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension Data
Authors: Janz G. J. , Tomkins R. P. T. , Allen C. B.
Published: July 2012

Data on the electrical conductance, density, viscosity, and surface tension of mixed halide melts have been systematically collected and evaluated. Results are given for eighty-five binary mixtures over a range of compositions and temperatures.
Evi5 promotes collective cell migration through its Rab-GAP activity
Authors: Laflamme Carl , Assaker Gloria , Ramel Damien , Dorn Jonas F. , She Desmond , Maddox Paul S. , Emery Gregory
Published: July 2012

Membrane trafficking has well-defined roles during cell migration. However, its regulation is poorly characterized. In this paper, we describe the first screen for putative Rab–GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) during collective cell migration of Drosophila melanogaster border cells (BCs), identify the uncharacterized Drosophila protein Evi5 as an essential membrane trafficking regulator, and describe the molecular mechanism by which Evi5 regulates BC migration. Evi5 requires its Rab-GAP activity to fulfill its functions during migration and acts as a GAP protein for Rab11. Both loss and gain of Evi5 function blocked BC migration by disrupting the Rab11-dependent polarization of active guidance receptors. Altogether, our findings deepen our understanding of the molecular machinery regulating endocytosis and subsequently cell signaling during migration.
Presenilins: A novel link between intracellular calcium signaling and lysosomal function?
Authors: Bezprozvanny Ilya
Published: July 2012

Mutations in presenilins (PS), transmembrane proteins encoding the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, result in familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Several studies have identified lysosomal defects in cells lacking PS or expressing FAD-associated PS mutations, which have been previously attributed to a function for PS in lysosomal acidification. Now, in this issue, Coen et al. (2012. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201201076) provide a series of results that challenge this idea and propose instead that presenilins play a role in calcium-mediated lysosomal fusion.
Bis(acetato-κO)bis(4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine-κN)zinc
Authors: Geiger David K.
Published: July 2012

The structure of the title compound, [Zn(CH3COO)2(C8H12N2)2], has one half molecule in the asymmetric unit. The ZnIIatom is situated on a twofold rotation axis and is tetrahedrally coordinated by two N and two O atoms. The crystal packing displays intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds and intramolecular N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonding.
Chloridobis[2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole-κN3]cobalt(II) chloride dihydrate
Authors: Shi Zhan-Wang , Qin Yan , Lin Yan-Xia , Wu Wei , Liang Peng
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, [CoCl(C10H7N3S)2]Cl·2H2O, the CoIIatom is five-coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole ligands and one Cl atom in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. In the crystal, N—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the thiazole, imidazole and benzene rings [centroid-to-centroid distances 3.546 (2), 3.683 (2) and 3.714 (2) Å] link the complex cations, chloride anions and uncoordinating water molecules into a three-dimensional network.
N′-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)benzohydrazide
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Arshad Ifzan , Flörke Ulrich
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C13H10N4O5, the aromatic ring planes are close to perpendicular [dihedral angle = 75.94 (5)°] and the C—N—N—C torsion angle is 88.7 (2)°. Both nitro groups lie close to their attached ring plane, with C—C—N—O torsion angles of 3.1 (2) and 5.3 (2)°. This allows for the formation of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which closes anS(6) ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into zigzag chains extending along [100].
2-(Methoxyimino)-2-{2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetohydrazide
Authors: Kant Rajni , Gupta Vivek K. , Kapoor Kamini , Shripanavar Chetan S. , Banerjee Kaushik
Published: July 2012

In the title molecule, C17H19N3O3, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 57.17 (5)°. In the crystal, N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds connect molecules to form chains along [001]. In addition, a weak C—H...π interaction is observed.
Risk: benefit of treating high blood pressure in older adults
Authors: Mukhtar Omar , Jackson Stephen H. D.
Published: July 2012

Older people (those aged 65 years or over) comprise over 15% of the UK‘s population and this cohort is growing. Whilst at greatest risk from systemic arterial hypertension (hypertension), its resultant end organ damage and clinically significant cardiovascular disease, this group was initially neglected in clinical trials and thereby denied treatment, with the lack of evidence cited as justification. However since the 1960s, when the first landmark trials in severe diastolic hypertension were published, there has been a progressive attempt to understand the pathophysiology of hypertension and to expand the evidence base for treatment in older adults. In contrast to the participants of the very first randomized trials who had a mean age of 51 years, the recent Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial demonstrated significant mortality and morbidity benefits from the treatment of both mixed systolic and diastolic hypertension, as well as isolated systolic hypertension in octogenarians. This review highlights the progressive evidence base behind the relative risks and benefits of treating hypertension in older adults.
Factors contributing to false‐negative and potential false‐negative cytology reports in SurePath™ liquid‐based cervical cytology
Authors: Gupta N. , John D. , Dudding N. , Crossley J. , Smith J. H. F.
Published: July 2012

N. Gupta, D. John, N. Dudding, J. Crossley and J. H. F. Smith  Factors contributing to false‐negative and potential false‐negative cytology reports in SurePath™liquid‐based cervical cytology

Objectives:  The characteristics of false‐negative conventional cervical cytology smears have been well documented, but there is limited literature available for liquid‐based cytology (LBC), especially SurePath™ samples. We aimed to assess the characteristics of false‐negative SurePath LBC samples.

Methods:  Over a period of 5 years, an audit of false‐negative reports in SurePath cervical cytology was undertaken. In a workload of 183, 112 samples, 481 (0.3%) false negatives were identified using two routes: those detected by routine laboratory internal quality control (rapid pre‐screening) (n = 463) and those reported as normal (true false negatives) with concurrent high‐grade cervical histology (n = 18). Ninety‐five false‐negative cases with a subsequent biopsy reported as at least cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2+) were reviewed for a number of different cytomorphological features.

Results:  Of 95 samples with subsequent CIN2+, 30.5% predominately contained microbiopsies/hyperchromatic crowded cell groups (HCGs), 27.3% sparse dyskarytotic cells, 4.2% pale cell dyskaryosis, 6.3% small dyskaryotic cells; 3.2% were misinterpreted cells, 8.4% contained other distracting cells, 7.4% were low contrast, 5.3% were unexplained and 7.4% were true negatives. The mean number of microbiopsies/HCGs in that category was 4.6. The mean number of abnormal cells in the sparse dyskaryotic cell category was 13.8.

Conclusions:  Microbiopsies/HCGs were the commonest reason for false negatives. They were usually present in sufficient numbers to be detected but interpretation could be problematic. Dispersed single abnormal cells were usually not identified because of their scarcity or the presence of distracters.
Pathogenicity of exopolysaccharide‐producing Actinomyces oris isolated from an apical abscess lesion
Authors: Yamane K. , Nambu T. , Yamanaka T. , Ishihara K. , Tatami T. , Mashimo C. , Walker C. B. , Leung K.‐P. , Fukushima H.
Published: July 2012

Aim

To demonstrate a capacity for producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and an ability to form biofilm on abiotic materials of Actinomyces oris strain K20.

Methodology

The productivity of EPSs and the ability to form biofilm of strain K20 were evaluated by measuring viscosity of spent culture media and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the biofilm assay on microtitre plates, respectively. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the chemical composition of the viscous materials. To examine the role of the viscous materials attributable to the pathogenicity in this organism, the ability of strain K20 to induce abscess formation was compared in mice to that of ATCC 27044.

Results

The viscosity of the spent culture media of K20 was significantly higher than that of ATCC 27044. Strain K20 showed dense meshwork structures around the cells and formed biofilms on microtitre plates, whereas ATCC 27044 did not. Chemical analysis of the viscous materials revealed that they were mainly composed of neutral sugars with mannose constituting 77.5% of the polysaccharides. Strain K20 induced persistent abscesses in mice lasting at least 5 days at a concentration of 108 cells mL−1, whereas abscesses induced by ATCC 27044 healed and disappeared or decreased in size at day 5.

Conclusions

Strain K20 produced EPSs, mainly consisting of mannose, and formed biofilms. This phenotype might play an important role for A. oris to express virulence through the progression of apical periodontitis.
Niobium pentoxide as a new filler for methacrylate‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Leitune V. C. B. , Takimi A. , Collares F. M. , Santos P. D. , Provenzi C. , Bergmann C. P. , Samuel S. M. W.
Published: July 2012

Aim

To evaluate the influence of several niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) concentrations on the radio‐opacity, flow, film thickness, microhardness and degree of conversion of an experimental root canal sealer.

Methodology

An experimental dual‐cured root canal sealer was produced with a methacrylate‐based comonomer blend. Nb2O5 was added at four different concentrations: 0, 80, 100 and 120 wt%. Radio‐opacity was evaluated according to ISO 6876 using a digital system (n = 5). Flow and film thickness were determined in accordance with ISO 6876 (n = 3). Microhardness was evaluated with 50 g for 15 s (n = 5). Degree of conversion was evaluated with FTIR immediately after photocuring and after 1, 7 and 14 days. The data were analysed using anova and Tukey's test. The degree of conversion over time was evaluated using RM‐anova (α = 0.05).

Results

The groups with 80 wt% and 100 wt% of filler showed no significant difference in radio‐opacity from that of equivalent 2 mmAl (P > 0.05). The addition of 120 wt% resulted in radio‐opacity values higher than 2 mmAl (P < 0.05). The flow was not significantly different amongst the different groups (P > 0.05). All groups had a film thickness of <50 μm (ISO 6876). All groups with Nb2O5 were associated with higher values of microhardness than the control group. The group with 0 wt% was associated with a higher degree of conversion at all times. All groups except those with 80 wt% had higher values for degree of conversion after 14 days than immediately after photocuring.

Conclusion

The addition of Nb2O5 increases radio‐opacity and microhardness; this material may be a promising filler for the production of a new endodontic sealer.