bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for determining murine skeletal muscle fiber type using autofluorescence lifetimes
Authors: Manno Carlo , Tammineni Eshwar , Figueroa Lourdes , Oropeza-Almazán Yuriana , Rios Eduardo
Published: July 2022

This work describes a simple way to identify fiber types in living muscles by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We quantified the mean values of lifetimes τ1 and τ2 derived from a two-exponential fit in freshly dissected mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and soleus muscles. While τ1 values changed following a bimodal behavior between muscles, the distribution of τ2 is shifted to higher values in FDB. To understand the origin of this difference, we obtained maps of autofluorescence lifetimes of flavin mononucleotide and dinucleotide (FMN/FAD) in cryosections, where excitation was set at 440 nm and emission at a bandwidth of between 500 and 570 nm, and paired them with immunofluorescence images of myosin heavy chain isoforms, which allowed identification of fiber types. In soleus, τ2 was 3.16 ns for type I (SD 0.11, 97 fibers), 3.45 ns for IIA (0.10, 69), and 3.46 ns for IIX (0.12, 65). In FDB muscle, τ2 was 3.17 ns for type I (0.08, 22), 3.46 ns for IIA (0.16, 48), and 3.66 ns for IIX (0.15, 43). From τ2 distributions, it follows that an FDB fiber with τ2 > 3.3 ns is expected to be of type II, and of type I otherwise. This simple classification method has first and second kind errors estimated at 0.02 and 0.10, which can be lowered by reducing the threshold for identification of type I and increasing it for type II. Lifetime maps of autofluorescence, therefore, constitute a tool to identify fiber types that, for being practical, fast, and noninvasive, can be applied in living tissue without compromising other experimental interventions.
Foundations of physical vapor deposition with plasma assistance
Authors: Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Anders André , von Keudell Achim
Published: July 2022

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) refers to the removal of atoms from a solid or a liquid by physical means, followed by deposition of those atoms on a nearby surface to form a thin film or coating. Various approaches and techniques are applied to release the atoms including thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, ion-driven sputtering, laser ablation, and cathodic arc-based emission. Some of the approaches are based on a plasma discharge, while in other cases the atoms composing the vapor are ionized either due to the release of the film-forming species or they are ionized intentionally afterward. Here, a brief overview of the various PVD techniques is given, while the emphasis is on sputtering, which is dominated by magnetron sputtering, the most widely used technique for deposition of both metallic and compound thin films. The advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques are discussed and compared.
Magnetic separation of nickel-plating waste liquid using a high temperature superconducting bulk magnet
Authors: Oka T , Sudo K , Dadiel J L , Sakai N , Seki H , Miryala M , Murakami M , Nakano T , Ooizumi M , Yokoyama K , Tsujimura M
Published: July 2022

Ni is one of the important metal resources. Because Ni-containing waste liquid is drained after several plating turns in the factories, an effective recycling technique should be developed. A unique magnetic separation technique using high temperature superconducting bulk magnet has succeeded in collecting Ni-sulfate crystals, which were fabricated from the Ni-plating waste liquid. Pulsed-field magnetizing method was employed to activate the bulk magnet up to 2.80 T, which produced a field space of 1.40 T on the surface of the waste channel. Green coarse crystals were attracted from the flowing stream of Ni-saturated liquid containing weakly-magnetic particles of Ni-compounds. The magnetically-collected particles were identified as paramagnetic NiSO4/6H2O crystals, and slight differences in Ni concentration and grain size were observed between the particles attracted and not-attracted to the 1.8 T magnetic pole. In both cases, the large grains were found to consist of a single phase. The compound can be used as a raw material in the Ni-recycle process. This preferential extraction suggests a novel recycling method of Ni resource.
Quantum computational quantitative trading: high-frequency statistical arbitrage algorithm
Authors: Zhuang Xi-Ning , Chen Zhao-Yun , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: July 2022

Quantitative trading is an integral part of financial markets with high calculation speed requirements, while no quantum algorithms have been introduced into this field yet. We propose quantum algorithms for high-frequency statistical arbitrage trading by utilizing variable time condition number estimation and quantum linear regression. The algorithm complexity has been reduced from the classical benchmark O(N
2
d) to

O

(

d
N

κ

0

2

log

(

1
/
ϵ

)

2

)

, where N is the length of trading data, and d is the number of stocks, κ
0 is the condition number and ϵ is the desired precision. Moreover, two tool algorithms for condition number estimation and cointegration test are developed.
Two-dimensional atom localization and formation of waveguide channels using Bragg diffraction law
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Akbar Jehan , Khan Rashid , Amin Bacha Bakht
Published: July 2022

Atoms of four-level atomic medium are doped in a crystal slab of silica which is immersed in a four-level atomic medium. We incorporated Bragg law in the Rabi frequencies of the driving fields and obtained absorption spectrum which exhibits atom localization inside the crystal plane and generation of waveguide channels. Varying the Bragg angle θ, leads to a number of localized peaks and craters. The number of peaks decreases as we increase the Bragg angle θ from π/8 to π/2 and the peaks disappear beyond this angle. The localization probability is independent of the Bragg angle, while the spatial resolution varies with change in Bragg angle. However, the probe detuning and amplitudes of Rabi frequencies change the localization probability. Inside the optical lattice of the silica crystal, waveguide channels and particle traps are generated which may be utilized to guide electromagnetic radiations and trap quantum particles. This work is useful for coherent control information of crystal planes, optical trapping, waveguide channels of nano crystals and data storage.
Dark matter self-interactions in the matter power spectrum
Authors: Garani Raghuveer , Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea
Published: July 2022

We study the imprints of secluded dark sectors with a mass gap and self-interactions on
the matter power spectrum. When Dark Matter (DM) is sufficiently light, in the ballpark of a few
KeV, and self-interacting we find qualitative difference with respect to ΛCDM and also to
free streaming DM. In order to emphasize the role of interactions for the evolution of the
primordial perturbations we discuss various regimes: ranging from the ideal case of a tightly
coupled perfect fluid to the free case of Warm Dark Matter, including the realistic case of small
but non-vanishing self-interactions. We compute the matter power spectrum in all these regimes
with the aid of Boltzmann solvers. Light dark sectors with self-interactions are efficiently
constrained by Lyman-α data and we find that the presence of self-interactions relaxes the
bound on the DM mass. As a concrete realization we study models with dark QCD-like sectors, where
DM is made of light dark-pions.
Numerical prescriptions of early-time divergences of the in-in formalism
Authors: Tran Duc Huy , Wang Yi , Yang Juanyi , Zhu Yuhang
Published: July 2022

In quantum field theory, the in and out states can be related to the full Hamiltonian by the iϵ prescription. A Wick rotation can further bring the correlation functions to Euclidean spacetime where the integrals are better defined. This setup is convenient for analytical calculations. However, for numerical calculations, an infinitesimal ϵ or a Wick rotation of numerical functions are difficult to implement. We propose two new numerical methods to solve this problem, namely an Integral Basis method based on linear regression and a Beta Regulator method based on Cesàro/Riesz summation. Another class of partition-extrapolation methods previously used in electromagnetic engineering is also introduced. We benchmark these methods with existing methods using in-in formalism integrals, indicating advantages of these new methods over the existing methods in computation time and accuracy.
Classify the Higgs decays with the PFN and ParticleNet at electron–positron colliders*
Authors: Li Gang , Liao Libo , Lou Xinchou , Shen Peixun , Song Weimin , Wang Shudong , Zhang Zhaoling
Published: July 2022

Various Higgs factories are proposed to study the Higgs boson precisely and systematically in a model- independent way. In this study, the Particle Flow Network and ParticleNet techniques are used to classify the Higgs decays into multicategories, and the ultimate goal is to realize an "end-to-end" analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility, and the performance looks rather promising. This result could be the basis of a "one-stop" analysis to measure all the branching fractions of the Higgs decays simultaneously.
Mapping H i in the NGC 4636 Galaxy Group with FAST
Authors: Zuo Pei , Yang Dong , Wang Jing , Staveley-Smith Lister , Lin Xuchen , For Bi-Qing , Westmeier Tobias , Wang Jie , Spekkens Kristine , Kilborn Virginia , Ivy Wong O. , Li Di , Lee-Waddell Karen , Catinella Barbara , Ho Luis C. , Koribalski Bärbel , Lee Bumhyun , Zhu Ming
Published: July 2022

This paper presents data from a 21 cm H i emission drift scan observation of a field partially covering the NGC 4636 galaxy group with the Five-hundred meter Aperture Radio Telescope (FAST). We construct a pipeline to reduce the data, and use SoFiA for source finding. When not contaminated by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), the FAST observations are capable of detecting all of the galaxies previously detected by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey in the same region. Comparing to ALFALFA for the detections in common, the FAST data show consistent integrated spectra when the H i disks are spatially unresolved, and capture more flux when the H i disks are resolved. The FAST data further reveal 10 new detections in the region mutually covered with ALFALFA, and 18 new detections beyond the footprint of ALFALFA. All of the new detections have the matching optical counterparts. For the member galaxies of the NGC 4636 group, the detection limit of FAST is deeper by 0.4 dex in H i mass than that of the ALFALFA data. After correcting for the incompleteness caused by RFI contamination, we show that the H i detection rate of galaxies rises steeply with radius out to the virial radius of the group, and flattens beyond that. We also examine four spatially resolved galaxy systems with potential tidal interaction features in detail. Considering that the data have been taken during the “shared-risk” period before a major source of local RFI was eliminated, the results highlight the power of FAST in detecting extragalactic H i.
Chinese Sunspot Drawings and Their Digitization—(VII) Sunspot Penumbra to Umbra Area Ratio Using the Hand-Drawing Records from Yunnan Observatories
Authors: Hou Jia-Wei , Zeng Shu-Guang , Zheng Sheng , Luo Xiao-Yu , Deng Lin-Hua , Li Yang-Yang , Chen Yan-Qing , Lin Gang-Hua , Feng Yong-Li , Tao Jin-Ping
Published: July 2022

The ratio of penumbral to umbra area of sunspots plays a crucial role in the solar physics fields, especially for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar activity cycle. By analyzing the recently digitized sunspot drawings observed from Yunnan Observatories (1957–2021), we investigate the long-term variation of the penumbral to umbra area ratio of sunspots. An automatic extraction method, based on the maximum between-class variance and the morphological discrimination, is used to accurately extract penumbra and umbra and to calculate the ratio over six solar cycles (cycle 19–24). The expected value of the ratio of penumbra to umbra area is found to be 6.63 ± 0.98, and it does not exhibit any systematic variation with sunspot latitudes and phases. The average ratio fluctuates from 5 to 7.5 per year and the overall trend has decreased after 1999 compared to the previous one. The ratio of sunspot penumbra to umbra area satisfies the log-normal distribution, implying that its variation is related to the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field. Our results are consistent with previous works.
On anomalous microwave scattering in the edge transport barrier in O-mode ECRH and CTS experiments
Authors: Gusakov E.Z. , Popov A.Y.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the induced scattering parametric decay instability of ordinary microwaves leading to excitation of lower hybrid or electron plasma waves localized within a tokamak edge transport barrier. Numerical estimates of the instability threshold and growth rate for this scenario are given for the conditions of O1-mode ECRH at ITER and O2-mode ECRH and CTS experiments at ASDEX Upgrade, where investigation of these phenomena is shown to be possible.
Preface The Board of Editors:
Authors: Sabiham Supiandi , Page Susan , Melling Lulie , Behling Hermann , Funakawa Shinya , Kidd Darren , Suwardi  , Anshari Gusti Z. , Surono
Published: July 2022

The increase of world population needs more food, feed, fuel, and fiber. Meanwhile, agricultural land supply is somewhat stationary or even decreasing. Ensuring food provision requires both intensification and expansion strategies. Considering internal circumstances, options may vary across countries. Indonesia, for instance, by population growth rate at 1.3 % year−1 and increasing middle income families, the need of diversity and improved quality of food become prevalent. Nevertheless, irrigated agricultural production decreased considerably, being converted to non-agricultural uses. The deterioration of agricultural land resources has occurred due to mismanagement while climate change has worsened the conditions globally.

Narrowing yield gap in the existing agricultural land has been the primary efforts worldwide. Various farming systems have been established to minimize agro-inputs while generating high yields. The efforts differ across agro-ecosystems and being specific for each country. In Indonesia, the agro-ecosystems are divided into irrigated and rainfed agricultural lands, uplands (dry- and wet-climate agricultural lands), and wetlands (tidal and non-tidal agricultural lands, including peatlands). Each ecosystem requires specific land management which combines strategies and components previously studied.

List of Conference Committee, Steering Committee, Delegate list are available in this pdf.
Land clearing area prioritization using GLAD alert data to prevent peat fires in South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Ayunda D , Hutajulu D A , Cahyana D , Ma’ruf I , Habibi  , Faisal M , Wiranatha M P , Siswoyo H , Syahroni  , Riani R N , Ulfa D , Triana N
Published: July 2022

Peatland clearing and draining are associated with many peat fires in South Sumatera. In 2020 we developed prioritization of peat land clearing areas using GLAD alert data to prevent catastrophic peat fires. GLAD alert data is near real-time alerting system that detects loss of trees, produced by University of Maryland and Global Forest Watch. This research aims to get prioritized area indicating land clearing and to test its reliability to prevent peat fires in South Sumatra. A total of 634 cluster areas indicating peatland clearing were found in between July and September 2020, which 20 of those cluster areas are selected for validation (ground truth). Validation was conducted by field survey and flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in 3 districts, namely Musi Rawas Utara, Banyuasin, and Ogan Komering Ilir. The survey confirmed that 19 clusters experienced forest fires, land clearing, and rejuvenation of plantation. Meanwhile, the others became savanna from previous forest fires and former land clearing by burning. Prioritization areas using GLAD alert data was capable to detect land clearing, but further study is needed to predict peat fires due to peatland clearing.
Measuring peat motion and water table dynamics on tropical peatlands using high-resolution time-lapse camera in four different land cover types across South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan
Authors: Sulaeman Dede , Hafiyyan Ihsan , Hamzah Hidayah , Evans Chris D , Jonay Jovani-Sancho A , Jaya Adi
Published: July 2022

Peat soils are known to be the most capable soil type to store a huge amount of carbon. However, peatland ecosystems are often disturbed by anthropogenic activities such as excessive water drainage, leading to rapid peat subsidence and carbon loss. Due to its dynamic properties, peatland ecosystem needs to be monitored over time to prevent unwanted socio-economic and environmental impacts. Nonetheless, field measurement of peat motion and subsidence often requires complex and expensive tools. This research aims to measure peat motion and water table dynamics in four sites across South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan Provinces. Peat motion and water table data were observed using a time-lapse camera for approximately a year period. Results of this study showed a good relationship of peat surface motion and water table dynamics with R2 values ranging from 0.74 and 0.95. In Central Kalimantan, peat surface motion indicates a downward motion with the amplitude of 1.66 cm and 0.56 cm, and net subsidence of 1.35 cm and 0.47 cm, over shrub and coconut plantation sites, respectively. In South Sumatra, peat surface showed a high degree of fluctuation, with amplitudes of 4.89 and 4.80 cm, and net subsidence of 1.70 and 0.62, observed on oil palm and forest sites, respectively.
Degree of peatland maturity over different types of land use in Kinali, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Yulnafatmawita  , Syahputri Septia D , Hermansah
Published: July 2022

Different types of land management determine groundwater level of peatlands, which affects the degree of its maturity. A research conducted in Kinali, West Sumatra Indonesia was aimed to identify the degree of peat maturity over five land use types (oil palm plantation, mixed garden, bush land, seasonal crop land, and open land). Soil characteristics, i.e. BD, OM, fiber, ash content, soil color, and degree of maturity, were analyzed. This research showed that BD was 0.31-0.64 g/cm3, SOM content was 26.77-65.84%, fiber content was 3.33-40.67%, ash content was 17.21-70.73%, and the peat was classified into saprist with the color was 7.5 YR 2/2-10YR 3/2 (Brownish Black). It was concluded that the peatland was quite mature (saprist). Mixed garden hosted the highest degree of peat maturity as indicated by the lowest value of SOM content (26.77%), the highest BD (0.64 g/cm3) and ash content (70.73%), the lowest fiber content (3.33%), and the deepest water table (65-67 cm) among other types of peatland.
Performance of primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
Authors: Hower Haisen , Tamrin  , Pratama Filli , Hersyamsi
Published: July 2022

Natural dyes have been extracted from leaves (green) and flowers (yellow) of primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) and were used as a photosensitizer of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The result of this research showed that absorption peaks of leaf extract were located at 420nm and 665nm. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power conversion efficiency of natural green materials were obtained at 580mV, 0.0067mA, and 0.52%, respectively. Bandgap, absorbance coefficient and field factor values were around 2.96eV and 1.87eV, 2.58k.m-1 and 1.63k.m-1 and 0.2196, respectively. However, absorption peak of flower extract was located at 450nm. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power conversion efficiency of flowers were obtained at 466mV, 0.0089mA, and 0.488%, respectively. Bandgap, absorbance coefficient, and field factor values were discovered at 2.76eV, 2.41 k.m-1, 0.1722 respectively. To sum up, primrose willow has a potential as a source of DSSC photosensitizer. Its rapid growth will become a prospective source of natural dye.
Impact of drainage canal conditions on the characteristics and physical properties of peat soil at PT Batanghari Sawit Lestari oil palm plantation, Ramin Village, Kumpeh Ulu
Authors: Agung  , Saad Asmadi , Junedi Heri
Published: July 2022

Peat soil is naturally formed from remains of plant tissue, with varying decomposition stages of organic matter. Impact of construction and condition of drainage canal on peat soil can alter peat soil characteristics. This study aimed to determine differences in soil characteristics in oil palm plantations due to modifying drainage conditions. Transect with a 300 m distance between points was implemented obtain 14 observation points to understand peat soil characteristics, water level. The results showed that in well-maintained drainage, sapric decomposition stage was >0.2 g/cm3, with C-organic of <48.20%, and specific gravity was 1.50. Water content and total pore space would be smaller if peat decomposition stage is more developed, with water content of <276.78% and total pore space of <81.13%. When drainage canal is not maintained, decomposition stage of surface layer (0-60 cm) is hemic and fibric, with volume weight is < 0.2 g/cm3, and C-organic > 48.20%, and has a specific gravity of 1.40 and 1.30. For water content and total pore space of peat soil, raw decomposition rate indicated water content > 304.81% and total pore space of > 81%. The use of peatlands for plantations needs to maintain peat conservation methods to avoid damages to physical properties of peat soils and peat ecosystems as a whole.
Soil rewetting to mitigate CO2 emissions of shallot cultivation in tropical peatland
Authors: Maftuah E , Lestari Y , Sulaeman Y , Sosiawan H
Published: July 2022

CO2 emissions are agriculture-related problems in peatlands, requiring mitigation. Irrigation and mulching are needed to reduce CO2 emissions in peatlands. This research aimed to study the effect of irrigation system and type of mulch for soil properties and CO2 emissions at shallot cultivation in peatlands. This research was carried out on degraded peatland in the Kalampangan village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya, from April to December 2017. A split-plot design repeated at 4 times was employed. The main plot was type of rewetting, including manual watering (P) and sprinkler methods (S), the subplot was type of mulches, comprising TM = without mulch, G = weed in situ (Stenochlaena palustris) mulch, J = straw mulch (Oryza sativa). Observed variables included soil pH, Eh, EC, organic C, water contents, and CO2 emissions, performed twice within two months. The results showed that the sprinkler irrigation system and mulch did not affect significantly on pH, Eh and soil moisture content, but significantly influence EC and organic C. The sprinkler irrigation system reduced CO emissions up to 10% (2916 kg/ha/season) compared to conventional 2 methods (3250 kg/ha/season). Compared to no mulch (6175 kg/ha/season), Kalakai mulch (Stenochlaena palutris) reduced CO2 emissions up to 33% (4119 kg/ha/season) and rice straw increased CO2 emissions up to 32% (8207 kg/ha/season).
Analysis of FTIR spectroscopic data to observe hydrophilic and hydrophobic levels of peat in hemic and sapric maturity
Authors: Siregar Mirna Anriani , Santri Jelly Amalia , Aksani Dila , Maas Azwar , Nurudin Makruf
Published: July 2022

Naturally, peat soils are hydrophilic, which means they have high water holding capacity. However, due to land conversion, wildfires and land clearing, natural condition of peat soils is disturbed so they become hydrophobic. Under hydrophobic condition, peat loses its water-loving character; this is irreversible because in anaerobic conditions, peat compounds will be degraded, which causes carboxylate and phenolic functional groups not functioning. It is characterized by peat buoyancy of peat when wet. To observe hydrophilic and hydrophobic peat characters when the limit for this change is reached, FTIR spectrum was observed. This study aimed to observe composition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic peat functional groups through FTIR spectrum. Observations were made on peat soils originating from Padang Island and Tebing Tinggi, Riau with hemic and sapric maturity levels. Results showed that FTIR spectrum of hydrophilic hemic and sapric maturity levels had a wider area of hydroxyl group and carboxylate ions than hydrophobic peats. Width of the area was due to high humidity. The level of peat maturity does not affect the change in peat functional groups.
Preliminary study of molecular sieve materials to alleviate problems faced by tropical peatland
Authors: Santi Laksmita Prima , Prakoso Haryo Tejo , Kalbuadi Donny Nugroho
Published: July 2022

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates usable for numerous applications, including in the separation or purification gas processes, catalysts, ion exchanger and adsorbent. These benefits are due to their molecular sieve property. One of the appropriate technologies for the peat management related to C sequestration and potential peat fire suppressor is molecular sieve material, i.e., zeolite-clinoptilolites and other gas adsorbent material taken from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) obtained through the pyrolysis process (biochar). This study assessed the physicochemical and morphological characterization of natural zeolite-clinoptilolite type, originated from Bayah, Banten, Indonesia, and biochar as gas adsorbent to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and C sequestration. Physicochemical characteristics of 60-80;80-100, 100-150 particles mesh size of zeolite and biochar were measured according to standard analytical procedures based on Kepmentan 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. Mineralogical characteristics and the capacity to absorb greenhouse gasses (CO2 and N2) were determined using SEM-EDS and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, respectively. The result indicated that 100- 150 mesh zeolite had a higher CEC value (126.45 cmol(+) kg−1), CO2 (1.0586 mmol g−1) and N2 adsorption capacity (75.6 cm3 g−1), compared to biochar originated from EFBOP 26.9 cmol(+) kg−1; 0.071 mmol g−1; and 1.66 cm3 g−1, respectively. Biochar observed in this research yielded a higher pH and organic carbon content, with larger pore space. Combining zeolite and biochar provided an optimal result to deplete greenhouse gas emission i.e., 0.3662 mmol g−1, and improved water retention as indicated by water holding capacity percentage.
Response of temperature, moisture and CO2 emission from different water levels at undisturbed peat soil column
Authors: Susilawati Helena L , Ariani Miranti , Nurhasan  , Setyanto Prihasto
Published: July 2022

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands are influenced by many factors and most of them are difficult to control. Soil temperature and moisture regulate biological reactions in the soil leading to gas production. It is a complex mechanism, considering the difficulty in controlling soil moisture and temperature. The study aimed to assess the consequence of soil moisture and temperature alteration on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission through water level management. Soil samples were collected using a 21 cm (diameter) and 100 cm (length) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); each was dipped into big bucket to control water level. Water levels were controlled in daily basis. Three different water levels were arranged, i.e., at 15 cm, 35 cm and 55 cm beneath earth surface and were replicated 3 times. The results showed that water levels affected soil and water temperature. Non-linear relationship between temperature and CO2 emission (P < 0.01) was discovered in this research. The lowest soil moisture was recorded at -55 cm water level below surface, then by experiments at -35 cm and -15 cm water levels. Lower water level increased aeration of peat soil and created optimal conditions for microorganisms to oxidize organic matters that produced and emitted CO2 into the atmosphere.
Validating fertilizer recommendation of swamp soil test kit
Authors: Widowati Ladiyani R , Hartatik W , Setyorini D , Santri J A , Hatta M
Published: July 2022

Soils in riparian swampland are considered marginal and have low nutrient contents. A research on the validation of fertilizer recommendations as a complement to Swamp Soil Test Kit (PUTR) was carried out on shallow inland swamps in Sungai Ambangan Village, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, during dry season of 2017. The treatments consisted of 1) complete control; 2) NPK local recommendations; 3) 1 1/2; of NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite; 4) NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite; 5) 2/3 of NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite; and 6) NPK of local farmer’s recommendation. Results using PUTR and laboratory equipment showed acidic soils with low to medium nitrogen, medium to high P, and low potassium. Validation showed that highest number of productive tillers was found in treatment of 1 1/2; of NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite. Plant height showed that there was insignificant difference between treatment with NPK local recommendation, 1 1/2; of NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite, NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite, 2/3 of NPK PUTR recommendation + Dolomite. This was similar to results of harvested dry grain and harvested grind grain. Utilization of PUTR as rapid test tool can be implemented for ricultivation on riparian swampland. Impact of fertilization obtained neck blast attack increased along with the rise of fertilization dose, especially nitrogen.
Assessing characteristics and land suitability of an intercropping between soybeans and juvenile oil palm over peatlands in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Nurhayati  , Jahari Marsid , Ritonga Emisari , Alim Achmad S , Yusuf Rachmiwati
Published: July 2022

Soybean is one of essential food crops targeted for self-sufficiency. Indonesia’s largest oil palm plantation is located in Riau Province. Juvenile plants cover around 17.60 percent of the area. Soybeans can be intercropped with juvenile oil palm plantations. This study aims to determine the suitability of peatland in Muara Kelantan Village, Sungai Mandau District, Siak Regency. We collected data and information from primary observations, measurements, and from published articles recording secondary data including rainfall, annual temperature, and map of the research area. Soil type was classified as Typic Haplosaprist. Land suitability was determined by matching collected data with criteria for each class, resulting the class of marginal (S3), with base saturation and soil acidity (nr) as limiting factors. Lime and fertilization were required to increase base saturation and soil pH. After the improvement, the potential suitability becomes sufficiently suitable (S2) for intercropping between soybean and juvenile oil palm, with the air humidity (tc) and peat thickness (rc) as limiting factors.
Potentials of peatlands for agriculture in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi Province
Authors: Hikmat M , Yatno E , Heryanto B
Published: July 2022

Peatlands are considerably vulnerable and fragile. Despite this, peatlands serve as a place to live and to exercise sustainable farming for some communities. This study aims to examine the potentials of peatland in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency for agricultural activities. Peatland distribution map with scale of 1:50,000 and the unanimous map on forest functions (TGHK map) are the main sources for this study. Laboratory analysis over seven soil samples were used for the assessment of land suitability, before overlaid with TGHK map to determine potentials and availability of lands for agriculture activities. Results showed that only 20,285 ha were suitable for agricultural activities. About 18,433 ha peatlands were classified as marginally suitable (S3) for food crops or horticulture, while the same level of suitability for annual crops occupied around 20,142 ha. Main limiting factors in land suitability were root condition (rc) due to deep to very deep peat depth categories; and nutrient retention (nr) due to high soil acidity. Utilization of peatlands for agricultural activities needs to appropriately conserve pristine condition to allow sustainable environment in the long term while maintaining and economic benefits. This research suggests that local water management, liming, fertilizer and minimum tillage would improve the quality of peatlands.
Perspectives on the changing properties of peat soils used for agriculture: the case of Talio Hulu Village
Authors: Alwi M , Hairani A , Noor M , Suratman
Published: July 2022

Rice fields in Talio Hulu Village, located in the Swamp Irrigation Area (SIA) Block B Pangkoh I, Pandih Batu District, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan is cleared peatlands which replanted with rice afters being abandoned for years. This paper is a review of peatland research and development in Talio Hulu Village. This paper aims to provide an overview of sequential changes of peat soils since its opening in 1983, being developed by planting rice and secondary crops, subsequently abandoned, and afterwards managed and replanted in 2020. Soil chemical properties and fertility in 1987 showed that the top layer (0-30 cm) and below (>30 cm) were very acidic (pH 3.3-3.9); C-organic 36% and 53%; N total 2.3% and 1.2%; low base cation exchange capacity, and P2O5 1.4 mg kg−1 and 0.43 mg kg−1, then the plant showed less than optimal growth. The identification of chemical properties and fertility of the top and bottom layers of the soil after rice development in 1993 showed improvements, including: decreasing soil acidity with pH H2O 3.4-4.4 and 3.3-3.7; C-organic decreased to 11.46% and 54.52%; N total 0.33-1.11% and 0.48-1.53%; P2O5 7-100 mg kg−1 and 10-15 mg kg−1. Rice yields reached 0.3-2.0 t ha−1 for local rice varieties and 0.2-2.4 t ha−1 for high-yielding varieties. The low yield of rice indicated the poor growth of rice plants measured from the high amount of empty grain. From the survey in 2020, we identified 80% of rice fields were categorized as peat and 20% as shallow peat (peat layer <100 cm). After land remediation, soil acidity decreased (pH increased) at pH 4.11 and 4.47, C-organic decreased by 34.89 % and 42.48%, P-available increased to 17.90 mg kg−1 and 22.88 mg kg−1, and no more deep peat was found. Meanwhile, rice productivity increased to 1.55-6.31 t ha−1 or 3.27 t ha−1 an average.
Condition assessment and renovation of an aged precast reinforced concrete multi-storey building
Authors: Alshannag M J , Higazey M
Published: July 2022

This paper assesses the condition of a 45 years old precast reinforced concrete multistorey building and proposes innovative repair techniques for extending its service life. The residential building investigated consists of six floors, and each floor consists of 4 apartments with a total floor area of 900 m2. Initially, visual inspection was conducted to identify the extent of deterioration in all parts of the building, followed by field non-destructive and destructive tests to determine the root causes of the damage. Moreover, analytical tools such as ETABS and SAFE design softwares were used by applying the same loading assumptions and material properties given by the designer, to check the compliance of the building with the safety requirements specified in ACI 318-14/SBC 304-18 building codes. The field and laboratory checks confirmed the occurrence of considerable degree of deterioration in some elements of the building due to reinforcement corrosion, alkali silica reaction (ASR), salt–scaling and leaching. The analytical checks revealed excessive deflections, due to a design error. Several advanced repair techniques including carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP), and steel jackets were implemented to restore the structural load carrying capacity of the columns and beams that suffered extensive deterioration. The excessive deflections were reduced below the code limit by supporting the deflected slabs using wide flanged I-section steel beams. Moreover, the Repair strategy proposed included, removal of the deteriorated concrete, coating the exposed steel bars with a protective anti-corrosive coating, and cathodic protection of the steel bars followed by injecting high strength cementitious grout.
Emissions from Road Transport Vehicles and Respiratory Health in Rural and Urban Communities, Kano State, Nigeria: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sadiq Aishatu A , Trunfio-Sfarghiu Ana-Maria , Salam Samson P , Faruk Aisha , Khardi Salah
Published: July 2022

Rapid urbanization and population migration encountered in developing countries results in an increasing need for transportation. To investigate the impact of vehicular emissions on air pollution/quality and respiratory health we conducted a comparative 2:1 cross-sectional study in rural and urban communities, 150 adult respondents and 30 children comprised the study population. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires; Clinical respiratory examination and digital Spirometry were conducted. Informed consent was obtained; data were analyzed using Epi info statistical software version 7. Results showed Mean age: (36.3± 12.9 years), Linear height: (median 1.65, range: 1.40 – 1.86). Adult Male: female ratio 1:1. Average Distance of households to roads/highway: 36.03±23.79 meters and prevalent duration of daily transit 2- 5 hours. In urban settlements: distance to highway/road <50 meters (OR 32.4, 95% CI: 8.57- 122.3) and Non-use of protective devices (OR: 12.43, 95% CI: 2.60-59.34) showed significant associations. Twenty two (22) Spirometry results were within the obstructive index. Abnormalities detected on Spirometry in the absence of a history of respiratory conditions or abnormalities on clinical chest examination require further investigation. Recommendations were targeted to improve health education, provide sustainable mass transit, urban planning, support focused research and ensure effective emissions control.
Radiological Impact of Building Material: Characterization of a Village Entirely Built out of Stone in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Verde Giuseppe La , Artiola Valeria , Raulo Adelaide , D’Avino Vittoria , Paternoster Giovanni , Roca Vincenzo , Commara Marco La , Pugliese Mariagabriella
Published: July 2022

Tuscany, with its mixed geology, offers a great variety of stones that are used to build entire villages. In this paper, two of these building materials are considered: Rosso Ammonitco and Pietra Serena. In particular, the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been analysed in order to estimate the value of the gamma index. In addition to this, the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been carried out to obtain a chemical characterization of the stones. Although these kind of stones are not subjected to radiological characterization, the approach used was the one reported in Radiation Protection 112, also implemented in the Italian Legislative Decree 101/2020, because of their lithographical peculiarity and their employment in construction.
Occurrence of Cosmetic Ingredients as an Anthropogenic Threat to the Seas and Oceans
Authors: Łobos-Moysa E , Kudlek E , Felis E
Published: July 2022

Anthropogenic pollutants get into the environment not only with untreated sewage but can also migrate with treated municipal sewage. Examples of such contaminants are UV filters (BP-3, EHS, EHMC, OC), synthetic volatile fragrances (AHTN, HHCB), and microplastics. In the case of these pollutants, it is necessary to intensify the treatment of municipal wastewater and introduce pre-treatment or additional wastewater treatment; constant monitoring of concentrations in surface and marine waters, sediments, and tissues of aquatic organisms; assessment of transformations and interactions with other pollutants in seawater and assessment of changes in conditions unfavorable for their degradation. The seas and oceans are the dumps where these pollutants eventually get it.
Research on Prediction of Solar Power Considering the Methods of Statistical and Machine Learning – Based on the Data of Australian Solar Power Market
Authors: Zhao Puyang , Tian Wei
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we use the methods of machine learning and traditional time series to predict solar power generation, which is based on the Australia Market Data. In the paper, we analyze Ausgrid's Solar by using long and short-term memory (LSTM) methods and time series models (multiple regression models with related errors) to accurately estimate the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) array models, which is using the data of household electricity consumption from July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2013. The results show that the regression model with correlated errors is better than the machine learning-based LSTM algorithm, which is based on the differential MSE performance. The final prediction accuracy rate is as high as 98%, so the regression model can accurately predict solar power generation.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Heaving Motion on Cylinder and Conical Two-Body Point Absorber in Low Wave Energy
Authors: Ramli M A , Mustapa M A , Rozali R H , Azrulhisham E A
Published: July 2022

A The motion response of floating wave energy converters (WEC) is crucial for study in the field of ocean energy harvesting. A well-known design for gathering ocean wave energy is the floating wave energy point absorber. It is commonly investigated theoretically using idealised one- and two-degrees-of-freedom dynamic models based on the system's number of free bodies. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, this article evaluates the hydrodynamic damping of heaving motions on cylinder and conical two-body point absorber wave energy harvesters. The damping performance of both point absorber devices in the Sarawak zone was evaluated using a simulation run at low wave heights (0.25m-2.25m) and short wave periods (3.5s-9.5s). Both point absorber bodies are modelled to determine their heaving dynamic motion frequency under calm, medium, and strong wave conditions. This analysis reveals the extensive research being undertaken to advance point absorbers' technical maturity, ultimately paving the way for commercialization and mass production. The results reveal that a cylinder two-body point absorber with a Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) is more efficient than a conical point absorber at absorbing low wave heights.
A Zero-injection Initialization Numerical Method for Ill-conditioned Power Flow
Authors: Zhang Shuiping , Li Shun , Luan Tianrui , Chen Yixing , Li Suirong
Published: July 2022

Regarding the initial value sensitivity issues commonly found in Newton-like power flow calculation algorithms, a zero-injection initialization numerical method for ill-conditioned power flow is proposed in this paper, which improves the convergence of power flow calculation in ill-conditioned power systems. Based on the initial power flow provided by this method, the unbalanced active power of each bus (the slack bus excluded) relates to the net injection of active power of that bus and the unbalanced reactive power of each PQ bus relates to the net injection of reactive power of that bus, thus avoiding significant power unbalance. The method put forward herein can provide a reasonable initial value for the power flow calculation so that difficulty in power flow convergence caused by the unreasonable initial power flow is effectively avoided. The Newton’s method and the optimal multiplier method are implemented respectively on a small-scale ill-conditioned test system to verify the feasibility of the proposed zero-injection initialization numerical method.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Different Biogas Conversion Technologies for Cassava Pulp Treatment in Thailand: A Case Study
Authors: Lerdlattaporn R , Phalakornkule C , Ruenglertpanyakul W , Lueangwattanapong K , Songkasiri W
Published: July 2022

This research investigates the economic and environmental impact of various suitable biogas conversion technologies and their energy utilization options (electrical and thermal) on cassava pulp treatment. The results showed that the anaerobic cover lagoon (ACL), modified cover lagoon (MCL), and anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR) were the most suitable options in terms of the investment cost, which was the major factor influencing the selection of biogas technology. The ACL and MCL technologies had the highest values of NPV, a high IRR and a short payback period regardless of the energy utilization options due to their low investment and operating costs.
Tailor-Tuned Nanoparticle-Based CoOx/Pd Electrocatalyst for the Direct Glycerol Fuel Cell
Authors: El-Nowihy Ghada H.
Published: July 2022

A glassy carbon (GC) electrode decorated with an efficient nanoparticle-based electrocatalyst of palladium (nano-Pd) and cobalt oxide (nano-CoOx) is electrochemically prepared and examined towards glycerol electro-oxidation (GO) for direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFC) applications. The activity of the tailored electrode toward GO depends on the catalyst components and loadings onto the GC surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique is used to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the introduced catalyst toward GO. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to disclose the morphology and the crystallographic structure of the surface, respectively. CV measurements depict that the oxidation peak current (I
p) of GO obtained at CoOx/Pd/GC electrode (where nano-Pd is first electrodeposited at GC surface followed by nano-CoOx deposition) is almost double the value obtained at Pd/GC electrode (where nano-Pd is electrodeposited at GC surface), concurrently with a significant cathodic shift in the onset potential (E
onset) of GO ≅ 80 mV. As well, CoOx/Pd/GC electrode shows a good stability towards GO with continuous electrolysis. It also shows an enhanced catalytic activity towards other alcohols oxidation (i.e., methanol and ethylene glycol) when compared to Pd/GC electrode.
Determination of The Thermal Lethality Distances Generated by The Radiative Flux Emitted by The Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP, C8H18O2) Fireball: Use of Characteristic Curves
Authors: Mbarki Anas , Ettahir Aziz , Guelzim Abderraouf
Published: July 2022

Di-tert-butyl peroxide or DTBP is a very dangerous organic peroxide, widely used as a modifier, cross-linking agent and polymerization initiator in the industry. Its widespread use pushes us to set up studies assessing the dangers of this product, since it has been at the origin of Bleve explosions producing fireballs with a very devastating power and thermal effects. The hazard studies of this product remain very minimal. Our work consists in determining the thermal effect distances of a resulting fireball during the rupture of a DTBP storage tank, based on the characteristic curves of the thermal doses deduced from the specific model of P. Blankenhagel modeling a fireball of an organic peroxide. The authors propose a new graphical method that allows to efficiently determine the hazard zones of the effects of thermal doses, and consequently, the delimitation of the safety distances in case of an accident Bleve. The adequate utilization of this method can improve the response time of first responders in disaster areas to set up safety zones and evacuate people, and at the same time improve the safety of a large number of facilities.
A Review: Ventilated Double-skin Façades
Authors: Lahayrech Safaa , Siroux Monica , El Maakoul Anas , Khay Ismail , Degiovani Alain
Published: July 2022

In the aim of reducing the effect of climate change on the environment, multiple energy efficient solutions have been developed in all energy-consuming sectors around the world, especially smart building design strategies in the building sector. One of these technologies are Ventilated Double-Skin Façades (VDFs), which use the thermal interaction between the external environment and the internal space of a building in order to reduce its heating or cooling loads and thus reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. They also offer multiple other benefits, depending on several parameters, including improving the building’s thermal and acoustic insulation, and providing natural ventilation and exposure to daylight. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the available research on VDFs in literature, namely their thermal behavior, the parameters that influence it, and the main criteria used to categorize VDFs.