bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особенности анализа финансовых результатов коммерческой организации на современном этапе
Authors: Щербакова Надежда Филипповна , Кудряшова Алла Владимировна
Published: December 2020

Цель : статья посвящена вопросам комплексного анализа финансовых результатов деятельности коммерческой организации, обоснованию новых направлений и показателей анализа, позволяющих более детально оценить факторы формирования прибыли до налогообложения, чистой прибыли. Обсуждение : коммерческие организации могут осуществлять регулирование затрат и финансовых результатов в рамках учетной политики. Как известно, с точки зрения взаимосвязи выручки и затрат последние подразделяются на условно-переменные и условно-постоянные затраты. В ходе анализа финансовых результатов необходимо учитывать то обстоятельство, что параметры налогообложения так же подразделяются на постоянные и переменные налоговые издержки, которые включаются в общую сумму затрат организации и оказывают влияние на конечные финансовые результаты. Следует особое внимание уделять также в ходе анализа на установление взаимосвязи факторов налогообложения и чистой прибыли организации. Величина начисленного налога изменяется под влиянием таких основных факторов, как изменение налогооблагаемой базы и ставки налогообложения. Использование определенных методов экономического анализа позволяет выявить влияние указанных факторов. Результаты : в статье представлены подходы к оценке факторов формирования финансовых результатов, связанных с параметрами налогообложения. Обоснованы показатели налогообложения и оценки их влияния на чистую прибыль организации, выбор варианта с тем или иным запасом финансовой прочности и порогом рентабельности.
On Asymptotic Dynamical Regimes of Manakov N-soliton Trains in Adiabatic Approximation
Authors: Gerdjikov Vladimir S. , Todorov Michail D.
Published: December 2020

We analyze the dynamical behavior of the N-soliton train in the adiabatic approximation of the Manakov model. The evolution of Manakov N-soliton trains is described by the complex Toda chain (CTC) which is a completely integrable dynamical model. Calculating the eigenvalues of its Lax matrix allows us to determine the asymptotic velocity of each soliton. So we describe sets of soliton parameters that ensure one of the two main types of asymptotic regimes: the bound state regime (BSR) and the free asymptotic regime (FAR). In particular we find explicit description of special symmetric configurations of N solitons that ensure BSR and FAR. We find excellent matches between the trajectories of the solitons predicted by CTC with the ones calculated numerically from the Manakov system for wide classes of soliton parameters. This confirms the validity of our model
New Classes of Solutions of Dynamical Problems of Plasticity
Authors: Senashov Sergei I. , Gomonova Olga V. , Savostyanova Irina L. , Cherepanova Olga N.
Published: December 2020

Dynamical problems of the theory of plasticity have not been adequately studied. Dynamical problems arise in various fields of science and engineering but the complexity of original differential equations does not allow one to construct new exact solutions and to solve boundary value problems correctly. One-dimensional dynamical problems are studied rather well but two-dimensional problems cause major difficulties associated with nonlinearity of the main equations. Application of symmetries to the equations of plasticity allow one to construct some exact solutions. The best known exact solution is the solution obtained by B.D. Annin. It describes non-steady compression of a plastic layer by two rigid plates. This solution is a linear one in spatial variables but includes various functions of time. Symmetries are also considered in this paper. These symmetries allow transforming exact solutions of steady equations into solutions of non-steady equations. The obtained solution contains 5 arbitrary functions
The Guidance Algorithm of Air-to-Air Guided Missile with an Active Radar Target-Seeking Head to a Helicopter with Various Modes of its Flight
Authors: Bogdanov Alexander V. , Gorbunov Sergey A. , Kuchin Alexander A. , Hadur Ali A.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the statistical theory of optimal control, the method and algorithm of guidance of an air-to-air guided missile with an active radar target-seeking head when aiming at a «helicopter» class air target with various modes of its flight, including when hovering have been developed. The synthesis has been carried out as a result of flight experimental studies of radar signals reflected from a real helicopter. Also, recommendations for ensuring continuous tracking of a helicopter in an active radar target-seeking head have been presented
RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS TRAÇOS SOMBRIOS DE PERSONALIDADE E O CETICISMO PROFISSIONAL DOS AUDITORES INDEPENDENTES
Authors: Reis Marçal Ronan , Alberton Luiz
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos “traços sombrios” de personalidade no ceticismo profissional de auditores independentes do Brasil.

Método: A amostra foi composta por 170 auditores independentes com registro ativo no CNAI, sendo os dados analisados mediante estatística descritiva em primeira instância; via análise de regressões estimadas por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários para a verificação das hipóteses; e por regressões estimadas por Mínimos Desvios Absolutos como medida de análise de sensibilidade.

Resultados: Os resultados indicam que o narcisismo pode influenciar positivamente o atributo de ceticismo profissional ao alavancar a autoestima e a capacidade de questionamento dos auditores. Já o maquiavelismo e a psicopatia, perante o conjunto de dados analisados, parecem não apresentar qualquer influência positiva no ceticismo profissional, sendo factível até mesmo uma relação inversa em aspectos de autonomia e autoestima, respectivamente.

Contribuições: Em âmbito teórico, o estudo promove o suprimento da lacuna acerca da interdisciplinaridade entre a contabilidade e a psicologia, adentrando especificamente o cerne da auditoria em tal relação. Em termos práticos, a pesquisa promove o entendimento da relevância dos traços de personalidade socialmente indesejáveis para a formação do ceticismo profissional dos auditores, algo útil para as firmas de auditoria ao longo de processos de seleção e treinamento de seus profissionais.
Middle Paleolithic Bone Retouchers: Size or Proportions
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobova K. A. , Kolyasnikova A. S. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Chabai V. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chistyakov P. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baumann M. ,   Bordeaux University, UMR 5199, PACEA laboratory, Markin S. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krivoshapkin A. I. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Altai State University
Published: December 2020

Костяные ретушеры являются самыми распространенными орудиями для обработки каменного сырья в среднепалеолитических комплексах Евразии. Обычно они воспринимаются палеолитоведами как неформальные немодифицированные орудия на фрагментах костей, случайно полученных в процессе расщепления костей с целью извлечения костного мозга. В статье приводятся новые данные по многочисленной коллекции костяных ретушеров из комплекса Чагырской пещеры (Горный Алтай). Метрические параметры этих орудий демонстрируют высокий уровень стандартизации заготовок, которая свидетельствует об избирательности неандертальцев. Также отбор производился по видам животных и анатомической позиции костей. В ходе исследования было зафиксировано, что такие морфологические характеристики, как количество рабочих зон и степень их сработанности, не оказывают влияния на размеры ретушеров и свидетельствуют только о переориентации орудий в процессе работы с камнем. В ходе ретуширования поперечные сечения диагностических следов в рабочих зонах ретушеров значительно изменяются: если на ранних стадиях использования они имеют «желобки» с V-образным поперечным сечением, то по мере утилизации многократные удары орудием по обрабатываемому каменному материалу приводят к деформации изначальной формы, которая приобретает вид перевернутой трапеции. Сравнение костяных ретушеров из нескольких разнокультурных среднепалеолитических комплексов Евразии — Чагырской и Денисовой пещер (Алтай), стоянки Кабази V (Крым), Баракаевской пещеры (Кавказ) — позволило зафиксировать их одинаковые пропорции при значительных различиях метрических параметров. Эти пропорции являются постоянной функциональной характеристикой данных костяных орудий, не зависящей ни от культурного контекста, ни от сырьевой базы памятников.
An Elk Figurine from Tourist-2, Novosibirsk: Technological and Stylistic Features
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zotkina L. V. , Basova N. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Postnov A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobova K. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Большая часть предметов мелкой пластики из могильника эпохи бронзы на поселении Турист-2 (г. Новосибирск) — антропоморфные фигурки, выполненные в единой своеобразной иконографической манере, которая названа «крохалевским» стилем. Однако в комплексе присутствуют два фрагмента, передающие зооморфный образ (лось). Поскольку они не апплицируются, был проведен специальный анализ. Посредством программных измерений и статистических сравнений значений толщины обоих фрагментов удалось доказать их принадлежность одной фигурке, что крайне важно для дальнейшего ее изучения, поиска аналогий и последующих интерпретаций. Сопоставление стилистики этого изображения и других образцов мобильного искусства с памятника Турист-2 затруднено тем, что большинство предметов передают антропоморфные образы. Тем не менее, как показал анализ, с точки зрения технологических особенностей фигурка лося прекрасно вписывается в достаточно однородный и устойчивый комплекс приемов оформления мелкой пластики. Сопоставление технологических характеристик и стилистических приемов, использованных для создания этой скульптурки, позволяет искать аналогии среди изображений позднего этапа развития ангарской изобразительной традиции. Поскольку могильник Турист-2 не был датирован, для уточнения возраста рассматриваемой фигурки была получена одна предварительная радиоуглеродная дата — 4 601 ± 61 л.н. (калиброванный интервал 3511-3127 гг. до н.э.). Учитывая эту дату и археологический контекст скульптурки лося, в дальнейшем ее можно использовать как один из опорных предметов для культурнохронологической атрибуции других изображений, близких по манере и технологии исполнения.
Wells as a Source of Cultural and Chronological Information: The Case of Kamennyi Ambar, Southern Trans-Urals
Authors:   South Ural State University, Epimakhov A. V. , Panteleeva S. E. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Koryakova L. N. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

В статье проанализированы 44 радиоуглеродные даты, полученные при изучении 18 колодцев разных периодов бронзового века на поселении Каменный Амбар в Южном Зауралье. На предварительном этапе работы были определены статистические выбросы, что повысило достоверность выводов. Фрагменты керамики из заполнения колодцев, контекстуальный анализ и результаты датирования позволили провести культурную атрибуцию почти всех объектов (31 из 34). Проанализированные структуры были разделены на четыре хроностратиграфические группы, соответствующие разным фазам застройки поселения. Статистически оценены их продолжительность и хронологические границы. Установлено, что большинство колодцев было сооружено в синташтинско-петровский период (плотная регулярная застройка в границах укреплений). Он включал три строительные фазы, наиболее поздняя из которых соотносится с петровской керамикой. Второй период (хаотичное расположение отдельных сооружений) связан со срубно-алакульскими древностями и представлен всего четырьмя колодцами. Результаты моделирования позволяют заключить, что история поселения насчитывает менее полутора веков, включая непродолжительный хронологический разрыв между двумя периодами. Синташтинская (фазы 1 и 2) и петровская (фаза 3) традиции в рамках первого периода развивались последовательно и, вероятно, частично синхронны в поздней части. В срубно-алакульский период (фаза 4) наблюдается трансформация архитектурной традиции, модификация схемы расположения и конструкции колодцев.
Umrevinsky ostrog: Results of the 2010–2017 archaeological research
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borodovsky A.P. , Gorokhov S.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Th e monograph is the fi rst source to fully introduce into scientifi c discourse the results of the comprehensive studies of the representative item of the Early Modern Period in the Upper Ob region, the Umrevinsky ostrog, that were conducted in 2010–2017 and are still under way. It is discovered that the cultural layer of this archaeological monument contains structures and artifacts dating back by their traditions to the Moscow Tzardom and the Peter I period. Th e research of an extensive necropolis of the Umrevinsky ostrog and analysis of the metal composition of those cross pendants discovered in the territory of the monument allowed attributing the chronology of its appearance and existence. Th e appendix dwells in detail upon the written sources related to the Umrevinsky ostrog and academic missions of the fi rst half of the 18th century, during which the fi rst items of the archaeological heritage in the territory of Novosibirsk region were found. Th e publication is meant for archaeologists, ethnographists, historians, local historians, museum employees, teachers, and students of the departments of history of higher education establishments.
Organization of joint creative work activities of children and parents as a task social and pedagogical support of the family. Methodological recommendations
Authors:   Kuban State University, Grebennikova Veronika M. , Ignatovich Vladlen K. ,   Kuban State University, Ignatovich Svetlana S. ,   Kuban State University, Kurochkina ValentinaEv. ,   Kuban State University
Published: December 2020

This manual provides guidelines for organizing joint creative activities of children and adult members of their families. The organization of this activity is considered as a key component of social and pedagogical support of the family as a subject of designing the individual educational trajectory of the child. The general psychological and pedagogical characteristics of joint creative activity of children and adults are given. The content and stages of its tutor support are characterized. The results achieved in the process are described This activity is carried out by children and adult members of their families. Recommendations are given for assessing the creative achievements of participants in joint activities in the event format of the Festival of Family Creativity. For social workers, teachers of institutions of general and additional education working in the sphere of social and pedagogical support of the family, as well as for parents focused on the values of individualized education.
The latest results in delivery of live ectopic fetuses by belly section
Authors: Weber F.
Published: December 2020

The author, on the basis of 75 similar cases collected by him from the literature over the past 88 years, draws his conclusions regarding the therapy of this disease.
M.A.Grinberg. - A rare case of malformation: external false duality with congenital absence of the anus. - (Weekly, 1895, No. 23).
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: December 2020

A child of 8 days, named by a woman's name, has only one irregularity in the structure of his body: the labia majora are enlarged and each contain an oblong body (testicles); small lips strongly developed; in the place of similarity of them - a pointed formation with a length of 1 cm., a width of 1/2 cm., without a hole. 1/2 sntm. posterior to this formation there is an opening with a pinhead, which expels both feces and urine. The holes of the anus in the usual place are nѣt. The author calls this deformity: pseudohermophroditismus externus masculinus cum atresia ani vaginalis.
Klasik Edebiyatımızda Benzerlik Unsuru Olarak İşlenen Üç Mescid: Mescid-i Haram, Mescid-i Nebevi ve Mescid-i Aksa
Authors: KARAKUŞ Yasin
Published: December 2020

Klasik edebiyatımızda aşık için mekan, ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Aşık, sevgilinin bulunduğu, ayak bastığı, dokunduğu her yeri kutsal kabul etmiş daima oraya ulaşmak istemiştir. Âdeta onun için sevgilinin olmadığı yerin, cennet bile olsa, değeri yoktur. Şiirlerde sevgilinin mekanı olarak mescidler başta olmak üzere kutsal mekanlar da yer almış ve bunlar şairler tarafından farklı şekillerde kullanılmıştır. Bu kullanım şekillerinden biri de benzetme unsuru olarak kullanılmalarıdır. Tüm bu kutsal mekânlar ve bunların kullanım şekilleri çalışmamızın sınırlarını aşacağı için çalışmamızın konusunu üç büyük mescidle ve bunların benzetme unsuru olarak kullanılmaları ile sınırlandırdık. Bu üç büyük mescid; edebiyatımızda aşk, sevgi, güzellik, kavuşma sembolü olarak ele alınan, Ka’be’nin içinde olduğu Mescid-i Haram, Hz. Peygamber’in kabrinin de bulunduğu Mescid-i Nebevî ve Mescid-i Aksâ. Çalışmamızda, bu mekânları işleyen mensur veya manzum-mensur olarak kaleme alınmış eserler konunun dışında tutulmuş, sadece manzum eserlerdeki örneklere değinilmiştir.
Ebelik Mesleğinde Duygusal Emek
Authors: HACIVELİOĞLU Dilek , ÖZTÜRK CAN Hafize , TUNA ORAN Nazan
Published: December 2020

Çalışanların hizmet verdikleri kişide duygu yaratma çabası olarak tanımlanan duygusal emek, sağlık alanında daima tartışma konusu olan bir kavramdır. Sağlık çalışanları hizmet ve bakım sürecinde etkili sonuca ulaşmak için duygusal emek sergilemek durumundadır. Ebelik mesleği de duygusal emek gerektiren bir meslektir. Gebelik ve doğum olayı sürece dâhil olan herkes için duygusal açıdan olumlu ya da olumsuz çok fazla deneyim barındırır. Bu duygularla başa çıkmada ve ailelere destek sağlamada ebeler kilit rol oynamaktadır. Anne ve çocuk sağlığı açısından önemli bir konumda olan ebelik mesleğinin duygusal yönlerinin incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme, ebelik mesleğinde duygusal emeği literatür bilgileri eşliğinde incelemek ve literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla yazılmıştır.
Liderlik Çalışmalarında Takipçi (Follower) Merkezli Yaklaşıma İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Duygun , AĞIN Eren
Published: December 2020

Liderlik çalışmaları üzerine kapsamlı bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Liderlik özellikleri ve davranışları, kimliği, süreçleri, ekolleri, felsefik ve metodolojik sorunlar gibi lider merkezli çerçeveler bu literatürün parçasıdır. Lider merkezli olan literatür kapsamında takipçilerin nasıl konumlandığının tartışılmasına da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Liderlik literatüründe pasif/edilgen unsurlar olarak konumlandırılan takipçiler, kendilerini ve örgüte dair süreçleri belirleyen aktörler olarak literatürde yeterince yer almamaktadırlar. Bu çalışma, liderin etkisinde varlık tesis eden takipçi tanımının dışına çıkarak takipçilik kuramını (followership theory) ele almakta ve takipçilerin liderliğin tesisinde nasıl roller üstlendiklerinin bir değerlendirmesini içermektedir. Araştırmanın amacı liderlik çalışmalarının sosyal ve tarihsel çerçevesini inceleyerek liderlik literatürüne dair epistemik odakların hangi ayrıcalıklı yapılar üzerine inşa edildiğini ve örgütlendiğini tartışmaya açmaktır. Bu tartışmada izlenilen yöntem liderlik literatürünün sosyal ve tarihsel çerçevesini içeren ve liderlik ekollerini ele alan metinler ile takipçilik kuramındaki role dayalı yaklaşım (role-based approach), inşacı yaklaşım (constructionism) ve evrimsel (evolutionary) analiz tartışmalarını içeren kaynakların incelenmesine dayanmaktadır. Bu makalenin literatüre katkısı, liderlik çalışmaları alanında ayrıcalıklı epistemik odakların tartışılmaya açılması ve takipçilere yönelik bir literatürün görünür kılınmasıdır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, liderlik ve takipçilik birbirlerini tamamlayan ve birbirlerinin inşasında belirleyici olan örgüt işlerliğinin iki kurucu unsuru olarak ele alınmaktadır.
Sosyal Amaca Dayalı Pazarlama ve Kurum İmajı İlı̇şkı̇sı̇: Eker-Adım Adım Oluşumu İşbı̇rlı̇ğı̇ Üzerı̇ne Bı̇r Araştırma
Authors: BAL Döndü , ONAY Atılım
Published: December 2020

Hedef kitle ve paydaş gruplarının gün geçtikçe kurumlara karşı daha talepkâr olduğu günümüzde sosyal sorumluluk tüketici beklentileri arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Sosyal amaca dayalı pazarlama hem bir kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk girişimi olarak hem de bir kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk iletişim şekli olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kurumlara pazarlama ve sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerini tek bir potada eritme imkânı sağlayan kilit bir faaliyet olarak algılanmakta ve uygulanmaktadır. Bir kurum veya markanın ürünlerinin satışından elde edilen gelirin bir kısmını sosyal bir faydaya ya da konuya bağışlaması olarak özetlenen kavram geleceğin altın pazarlama ve halkla ilişkiler araçlarından biri olarak kabul edilirken, bir yandan da uygulayıcı kurumun motivasyonundaki samimiyete yönelik şüpheler taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geleceğin tüketicileri üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal amaca dayalı pazarlama faaliyetlerine yönelik genel tutumları tespit edilmiş, bu tutumun sosyal amaca dayalı pazarlama faaliyeti gerçekleştiren bir kurumun motivasyonuna yönelik algı ile bir ilişkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmış ve sosyal amaca dayalı pazarlama faaliyetlerine yönelik tutum ile kurum motivasyonuna yönelik algının kurum imajıyla ilişkili olup olmadığı irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada veriler nicel veri toplama tekniklerinden anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Ankette kurum motivasyonu ve kurum imajına yönelik ifadeler güncel bir sosyal amaca dayalı pazarlama kampanyası örneğiyle birlikte verilmiştir. Sonuçta tutum ve algıların demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaştığı ve kullanılan ölçekler arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı ilişkilerin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar arasında üniversite öğrencilerinin kurum motivasyonuna yönelik olumlu tutumlarının şüpheci tutumlarından daha yüksek olması, SAP faaliyetlerine yönelik genel tutum açısından kadınların erkeklerden daha yüksek tutum seviyesine sahip olmaları, kadınların SAP faaliyeti gerçekleştiren kurumların motivasyonuna yönelik olarak erkeklere göre daha fazla olumlu tutum sergilemeleri yer almaktadır.
Corpolítica: Coletiva e Projeto de Extensão LGBT. Extensão Popular e Guerrilha Estético-Política de Vivências LGBT
Authors: Piza-Duarte Evandro , Santos-Pereira Gabriel , Costa Gustavo , Oliveira J. C. , Araruna Maria Léo
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the teaching, research, and outreach experiences of an LGBTI+ collective’s outreach project called “Corpolítica” (body politics), which was created in the University of Brasília (UnB) in 2014. The fundamental reflection analyses the cisgender and heteronormative power that structures the university, characterized by its intersectional approach. The methods used in this paper are: shared memory, document analysis, interviews, etc. The aim is to reflect on the peripheral space of this production and the impossibility of effectively occupy hegemonic positions, suggesting the use of the term “guerrilla” as a comprehensive category of those strategies. This paper also questions the current models of popular outreach, as it shows that outreach can also reproduce power dimensions of the “heterosexual matrix” (Judith Butler), or invest in an effective sociability of (de)construction of traditional forms of knowledge, always marked by the precarious situation of the subjects involved and the momentary experiences in the university sphere.
Estado, ilegalidad y orden social en perspectiva comparativa: una aproximación mediante estudios de caso
Authors: Míguez Daniel
Published: December 2020

This article reflects on the relationship between legality and illegality in the conformation of the social order from three problematic knots. First, the fact that most of the studies focus on regions where the centralized state and democracy have recently emerged, suggesting that in countries with more stable political systems the articulation between legality and illegality does not take place. Second, the field has been developed through case studies, however, the recurrences and construction of typologies based on prototypes of them has not been explored. Third, although the relationship between legality and illegality exists in both developed and emerging countries, this articulation may present differences between both contexts. Even though the article does not propose a definitive explanation, it does provide a hypothesis on how they could be conceptualized.
Violencia y seguridad en los márgenes urbanos: la respuesta chilena en los vecindarios (2001-2019)
Authors: Luneke Alejandra , Varela Fernanda
Published: December 2020

Criminal violence concentrates in neighborhoods affected by socioeconomic precarious conditions. In Chile, several long-standing security strategies have been implemented, although scarcely analyzed so far. Based on a quantitative and qualitative research carried out in 2019, this paper reviews the response to the phenomenon. After considering and analyzing the theories that have explained urban violence, our research assumption refers to the fact that there is a gap in the way the authorities conceive and respond to criminal violence and the way citizens perceive them. The research shows the initiatives have been focused mainly on actions aimed at the informal social control of the communities, incorporating in the last decade an urban component that favors a larger scale of intervention in the territories. However, despite these efforts, the degree of penetration by the State in the territories is difficult to establish, at the same time the scope of said response is limited for its inhabitants.
La agricultura periurbana como sostenibilidad silenciosa: desafiando el discurso del desarrollo urbano en Sogamoso, Colombia
Authors: Feola Giuseppe , Suzunaga Jaime Alberto , Soler Jenny , Wilson Amanda
Published: December 2020

This article advances academic and policy debates on peri-urban agriculture (PUA) by examining the phenomenon in the city of Sogamoso, Colombia. Planners, developers, and local authorities in Sogamoso have explicitly framed PUA as a barrier to development: a backwards, localized, low-tech and economically poorly performing activity that needs to make space for a more “productive” “modern” economy. Based on a survey of 160 peri-urban farming and gardening households, this study identifies PUA forms of food self-provisioning and exchange (FSPE) and further characterizes the practice’s social embeddedness, barriers, and opportunities as perceived by peri-urban farmers. The article combines scholarship on PUA and ‘quiet sustainability’ to propose a novel perspective that could help transform the terms of discourse on the role and future of PUA in urban sustainable development from arguments founded in productivity metrics to the appreciation of FSPE as an environmentally sustainable practice that strengthens the social fabric of local communities, thus contributing to their sense of purpose, meaning, and resilience. This study has implications not only for Sogamoso, but also for many other cities in Latin America and the Global South, where the role of PUA in relation to sustainable urban development is being actively contested.
Multi-criteria evaluation model: an application of MRP parameterization
Authors: Damand David
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a multi-criteria evaluation model applied to the parameterization of the MRP method. Existing optimization approaches that address this problem tend to adopt a means of simulation. A simulated solution is characterized by a pair (parameters, performance indicators). In the context of the evaluation of solutions, the work of Barth, Damand et al. (2003) propose a heuristic approach to extracting knowledge from a solution set. The approach is based on the definition of a multi-criteria solution comparison function. The objective of this paper is to present the detailed modeling of this comparison function. Ultimately, this result contributes to the formalization of a multicriteria optimization problem. A problem solving strategy is proposed.
The Inspiration via Japan of promoting ESD on Education Policies for Taiwan
Authors:   Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Lee Yi-Lin , Yang Szu-Wei
Published: December 2020

This study was aimed to explore the policies, strategies, and outcomes of promoting ESD (Education Sustainable Development) in Japan. Then, it was discussed and analyzed the characteristics and disadvantages of Japan in promoting ESD on education policies. The results of this study were offered some inspiration for Taiwan in promoting ESD by Japan’s implement of promoting ESD.
Reflections on the Joint Cultivation of Undergraduate Animation Education in China and Thailand
Authors:   Chengdu University, Chengdu, China, Xiang Chaochu
Published: December 2020

In recent years, with the advancement of the “The Belt and Road”, the cooperation between China and ASEAN countries is increasingly close, and the cross-border exchange of education between China and ASEAN has been further promoted. This article will research targeted at undergraduate animation education in Thailand. By studying the current educational pattern of the animation major in Thai universities and exploring the roots of the existing issues, combining the characteristics of the animation major in the College of Chinese & ASEAN Arts, try to put forward some ideas for the construction of a collaborative cultivating curriculum system for Chinese and Thai undergraduate talents. In order to provide some useful thoughts for the future development of international educational cooperation based on the College of Chinese & ASEAN Arts.
Globalization and World Citizenship Education
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Liu Huan
Published: December 2020

Globalization has become the characteristics of the times, and the trend of globalization is irreversible. This has set new requirements and new orientations for citizenship, that is, word citizens with global consciousness and world vision and the ability to actively participate in global affairs. To cultivate qualified word citizens, this has given a new mission to citizenship education, and world citizenship education has emerged. The world citizenship education has received increasing attention and attention. At the same time, it has also been challenged by schools of thoughts such as anti-Western centralism and ethnocentrism. In the face of these challenges, world citizenship education must implement the principle of fairness, justice, democracy, tolerance and safeguarding national characteristics, effectively implementing human rights and humanitarian education, global awareness and global responsibility education, international understanding education, and multicultural education.
Over Education as a Problem of Higher Education Curriculum
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey, Akpunar Burhan , Ozeren Ender , Erdamar F. Selim
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the rate of access to higher education has increased dramatically in Turkey. Although this case provides many advantages in the medium and long term, it is also a source of a significant problem. This problem is ”over education“ problem. This study addresses the over education problem in the dimension of education and particularly in the context of higher education curricula. As a result of the documentary analysis, we argue that Turkey can alleviate over education problem by adopting a market-oriented higher education model.
Prescribing patterns in the management of arthritis in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: K. Neha , M. Ravi Shankar
Published: December 2020

Background: Based on 2003 National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) data, a projected 67 million (25%) adults aged 18 years or older will have arthritis and 25 million (37%) of those will have arthritis-attributable activity limitations by the year 2030. Objective of this study is to know the prevalence of different types of arthritis, current trends of drug prescribing patterns in its management and to create awareness about rational use of drugs in a rural tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was an observational study of drug prescriptions among 100 arthritis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Patients diagnosed with arthritis with or without co-morbidities were enrolled in the study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a verbal informed consent.Results: Out of 100 arthritis cases, prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA) was seen more than Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoarthritis was more commonly seen in males and RA in females. Arthritis was more prevalent in the age group of 36-65 years. Oral route was the most preferred route of administration of drugs and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the first choice. Vitamin D3+ calcium was the most commonly prescribed drug in arthritis. Diclofenac was the most commonly used drug for monotherapy in OA and methotrexate in RA.Conclusions: In this study, some patients diagnosed with RA were treated with NSAIDs as first line and no Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARD) were given. This irrational prescribing trend should be changed. Non-pharmacological treatment has a qualitative role in treating arthritis and should be advised instead of multiple drug therapy.
Awareness of COVID-19 infection and mental health screening among medical students
Authors: Madhusudhan Santosh Kumar , Suryaprakash Harish Kumar , Devendrappa Srinivas Lokikere
Published: December 2020

Background: Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world causing massive morbidity and mortality. The infection has drastically changed the way of living in the current situation. This change has led to higher levels of fear, anxiety and confusion in the minds of the people. The behavior of people influenced by their knowledge and mental status has a huge bearing on the course of COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluates the awareness of COVID-19 infection and screens the mental health status of medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational survey conducted on an online platform. A predesigned questionnaire was created using google forms and sent to 912 medical students. Ten questions were used to assess knowledge and awareness on COVID-19 and a fear of COVID-19 scale rated on a 5-point Likert was used to screen mental status. Results: 641 students responded to the survey. Almost 95.5% of students lived with their family during the lockdown period. The mean score was 8.15±1.05 for awareness and knowledge. The overall awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 was satisfactory with 81.49% reporting correct answers. Almost 40% of participants were most afraid of COVID-19, 34% became nervous or anxious, watching news and nearly 20% were afraid of losing life because of COVID-19.Conclusions: Currently in the peak of infection, our focus is on reducing transmission and preventing mortality. Managing psychological issue of people, especially healthcare workers is equally important during this pandemic. Enhanced awareness to disease and providing psychological support will allay COVID-19 fears among the people.
Association between maternal and fetal outcomes in high BMI diabetic and non-diabetic groups
Authors: Kabir Rezwana , Parvin Sumona , Islam M. Ubaidul , Begum Ferdousi
Published: December 2020

Background: BMI has increased among the women of reproductive age worldwide. Insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes are mostly responsible for the adverse outcomes like macrosomia, maternal morbidity, increased operative interference and NICU admission. Objectives of the study was to assess maternal high BMI and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic groups.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka on 200 pregnant women with high BMI at 3rd trimester. Patients were allocated in two equal groups- Group I Diabetic and group II Non-diabetic.Results: Age range was 18 to 35 years with mean age of 26.9±8.3 years among diabetic and 25.7±7.8 years among non-diabetic women. BMI was comparatively higher in diabetic group. Overall frequency of C/S was higher (89.5%) and on comparison between the groups, frequency was significantly higher in diabetic group (94% vs 85% in group I and group II respectively). The postpartum complications were also significantly higher in diabetic group (22% vs 7% in Group I and Group II respectively). About 23 (11.5%) of the babies had birth weight more than 3.5 kg (maximum among diabetic mothers 15% vs 8% in group I and II). The mean birth weight was higher in diabetic group 3.7 ± 0.4 kg vs 2.6±0.5 kg in non-diabetic group respectively. On the neonatal outcomes, significant number of macrosomia were found in the diabetic group, and NICU admissions were also higher in the diabetic group.Conclusions: High BMI diabetic mothers have significantly higher maternal and neonatal complications.
Proportion of severity of retinal hard exudates and its association with systemic risk factors
Authors: Silpa Devi , Sathar Anuja , Thankappan Beena
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) characterized by deposition of hard exudates in central retina is now the leading cause of visual loss in persons with diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown association between severity of retinal hard exudates and various components of serum lipid. The aim of this study is to estimate the proportion of severity of retinal hard exudates with risk factors like dyslipidemia, duration of diabetes, hypertension, HbA1c levels and microalbuminuria.  Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done involving 242 diabetic retinopathy patients. After dilated fundus examination, severity of retinal hard exudates was graded by photographs with Topcon fundus camera using modified airlie house classification. These grades were divided into three groups. Group 1 (absent or minimal hard exudates) included patients with grade 0, 1 or 2 hard exudates; group 2 (hard exudates present), included patients with grade 3 or 4 hard exudates and group 3 (prominent hard exudates), patients with grade 5 hard exudates. Values of serum lipid profile, HbA1C and urine microalbumin were analysed in association with severity of retinal hard exudates.Results: Out of the 242 diabetic retinopathy patients, the male female ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 59.8±7.4 years. There were 12% patients in group one, 52.5% in group two and 35.5% in group three. On univariate analysis, severity of hard exudates was significantly associated with serum cholesterol (p value<0.01), LDL (p value<0.01) triglycerides (p value<0.01), HbA1c (p value<0.01), systemic hypertension (p value<0.01) and urine microalbumin (p value=0.01).  Conclusions: Severity of retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients is significantly associated with risk factors like systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, raised HbA1C levels and urine microalbumin.
Peripheral iridectomy in descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty: to do or not to do
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Singh Roohie
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of the research was to study role of peripheral iridectomy (PI) in alleviating intra ocular pressure (IOP) spike due to retained air in patients of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) undergoing descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK).Methods: A retrospective case review was done for patients undergoing DSEK at tertiary care eye centre from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they have undergone PI during DSEK surgery or not. Total 25 patients were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients who hadn’t undergone PI and group 2 consisted of 10 patients who had undergone PI. Study of post-operative IOP spike was done in all cases and role of PI was evaluated. The primary outcome measure was role of PI in alleviating IOP rise. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 26.0.Results: All patients in group 1 had developed an IOP spike on first post-operative day. The mean IOP on day 1 in group 1 patients were 29±2.9 mm of Hg (range 24-34 mm of Hg) and in group 2 were 19±1.49 mm of Hg (range 17-21 mm of Hg). Almost all patients in group 1 required anti glaucoma medications. Group 2 had better post-operative results as compared to group 1in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as well as graft clarity. Three patients in group 1 had to undergo repeat DSEK.Conclusions: DSEK surgery causes increase in IOP post operatively due to retained air in anterior chamber (AC), probably causing pupillary block. PI definitely has some role in alleviating this IOP spike and increasing graft survival in long term.
Assessment of magnitude and factors affecting outcomes of head injury at Addis Ababa burn emergency and trauma hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Suga Yisihak , Shimelis Wendiye , Yesuf Aman , Dendena Firaol , Teklewold Berhanetsehay
Published: December 2020

Background: Head injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has become one of the highest community health problems worldwide including Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the magnitude and factors affecting the outcome of head injury patients at Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on a patient who had a head injury and visited Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019.  

Results: There were 2163 head injury patients making the incidence of head injury 29.6%. The commonest cause of injury is road traffic accidents accounting for 89 (43.8%) and most patients sustained blunt injury 65 (32%).The commonest computed tomography (CT)-scan finding was intracerebral hemorrhage in 51 (25.1%) patients. Most head injury patients 112 (55.2%) stayed less than 1 week and the commonest complication was meningitis that occurred in 56 (27.6%) of patients. On presentation to hospital 90 (44.3%) had a mild type of traumatic brain injury. There is a significant correlation seen between gender, occupation, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the outcome of head injury (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Early diagnosis and interventions contributed to the good outcome of the patient. Establishing trauma centers at least in major cities can improve the outcome of head injury patients, by giving early treatment and using ambulances which are used for transportation of laboring mothers also might facilitate early referrals of patients to best centers.
Role of dynamic hip screw with locking side plate in intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients
Authors: Gurudatta Harjot Singh , Arora R. K. , Khanna Gagan , Johal Karandeep Singh , Singh Deepinder , Bhardwaj Aditya
Published: December 2020

Background: Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a vital mainstay implant in managing intertrochanteric fractures. While most of the modifications of implant have been done in screw design, this study evaluates the role of employing locking side plate with DHS to increase the screw hold and avoid plate pull out in trochanteric fractures of elderly patients.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from August 2012 to August 2014 on 30 patients having trochanteric fractures. The fixation, fracture consequences, functional outcome and complications were assessed clinically and radiologically in immediate post-operative period and on follow-ups at six weeks, three months, six months and one year. Young patients (<55 years), fractures with subtrochanteric extension and pathological fractures were excluded from study. Fractures in elderly patients from AO 31A1.1 to AO 31A3.1 were included in study. Evaluation of the clinical outcome was done by modified Harris hip score at the last follow-up.

Results: Average age of the patients in study was 64 years; males had better outcome scores, which was statistically significant. The mean trauma-surgery interval was four days. Trauma surgery interval and functional outcome by Harris hip score was statistically significant and was inversely proportional. Union was achieved in all patients with delayed union noted in four cases; the average time to union was 12.2 weeks with no major complications and good functional outcome by Harris hip score.

Conclusions: This study suggests that locking side plate with DHS would make a stronger bone implant construct and a valuable modification to prevent sliding, screw cut-out and side plate pull-out with low infection rates.
Immediate effect of muscle energy technique versus passive stretching for upper trapezius muscle on neck pain
Authors: Ray Mansi , Desai Roopa
Published: December 2020

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem in the General population. Upper trapezius is a superficial postural muscle that tends to get shortened due to overuse activity which causes neck pain and reduces neck mobility. The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effect of Muscle energy technique (MET) and passive stretching of upper trapezius muscle in neck pain patients.

Methods: An experimental study was undertaken during period from March 2017 to March 2018. 358 participants with Neck pain were included in this study. Participants were divided in two groups: Group A received Hot pack and MET for upper Trapezius. Group B received Hot pack and Passive stretching for upper trapezius. Visual analogue scale (VAS) at end range of motion (ROM), same cervical side flexion and opposite side cervical rotation by goniometer and tape were taken as outcome measures. Participants were assessed prior to the treatment, immediately after the treatment and post 24 hours to see the carry over treatment.

Results: Mann Whitney U test showed that VAS at end range of motion, opposite side cervical rotation and same side cervical side flexion had significant improvement in MET group as compared to passive stretching group (p<0.0001). Carry over effect was less significant with p<0.0001.

Conclusions: A single session of MET for upper trapezius muscle reduced the pain intensity (VAS) and increased the cervical rotation and cervical side flexion.