bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particulate Based AZ91 Magnesium Hybrid Composites – A Short Review
Authors: Kumar T. Naveen , Kumar S. Vinod , Krishna V. Dola Siva , Irfan Sk. Mohammad , Kumar Devarakonda Sameer
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the study of magnesium alloy hybrid composites. AZ91 is a popular magnesium alloy with good specific strength at room temperatures. However, it suffers with poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The reinforcement materials can be prepared by polymers and ceramic particles. The selection of proper material will have a greater response on the properties. Therefore, in order to increase the mechanical responses, preparation of composites is good idea with low cost. To ensure multiple properties, it is always necessary to go with Hybrid composites. In this context, this paper reviews the materials used in the fabrication of composites, fabrication Techniques, microscopic behaviours and mechanical responses. This paper also provides research potentials along with the latest developments in the area of AZ91 Composites.
Developing Mg Based Composites for Degradable Orthopedic Implant Applications: A Review
Authors: Badisha Venkateswarlu , Rajulapati Suni Kumar , Buradagunta Ratna Sunil
Published: September 2022

Research on developing degradable implants from metals is one of the potential research fields in the biomedical engineering. Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are the three metallic systems widely investigated as potential materials to manufacture degradable orthopedic and stent applications. Among them, magnesium-based implants have shown promising properties suitable for orthopedic and stent applications. In spite of several benefits such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity and degradability, magnesium is associated with a few limitations including rapid corrosion and evolution of hydrogen during the degradation in the biological environment. Several materials engineering strategies have been employed to address the limitation of magnesium. Developing composites by incorporating suitable reinforcements into Mg is such promising route to develop Mg based implants with tailored properties. The present review provides a snap shot of the developments reported in development of Mg based composite for degradable implant applications. Different phases used to incorporate into Mg and the influenced properties with the future scope and the challenges are presented.
Self-reported Effectiveness of Undergraduates’ E-learning Practices Used During the Covid-19 Pandemic: With Reference to Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Anushika , Mirando Uditha , Perera Dinesha
Published: September 2022

The study presented in this paper evaluates the self-reported effectiveness of online classes followed by Sri Lankan undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify difficulties/conveniences of virtual learning as experienced by the learner, using the survey method as the strategy of inquiry. 342 responses were collected from the undergraduate population in Sri Lanka using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire, the analysis of which, suggested that undergraduates have a general dissatisfaction with various components of online teaching, even though they are introduced to combat the pandemic situation. The Kruskal - Wallis test is used in this study to investigate the differences in the measures of the effectiveness of virtual education through the year of Undergraduates. The study could aid in obtaining an analytical perspective from the point of view of the learner in strategizing remedial actions and also in improving the overall involvement of technology and the internet in the education industry of the country.
Decolonizing Ecology: Design for Eco-State in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Jahidul , Salam Mohammad Fakhrus , Bhuiyan Mohammad Shakil
Published: September 2022

This paper seeks to analyse the ecological problems of Bangladesh. The underlying reasons beneath the genealogical problems of ecological crises in Bangladesh are significantly connected with the legacy of colonial governmentality. This investigation discusses how marine, river, forestland, and urban ecosystems have been colonized in the Bengal Delta. It also critically investigates the impact of colonizing ecology. Colonization has crucial effects on the ecosystem. It is impossible to establish ecological justice without dealing with these problems. Our perceptions of history, progress and development are still influenced by colonial knowledge/power. As a problem-solving method of ecological crises, this paper suggests recommendations for an eco-state in Bangladesh.
Hands on wet lab and live surgery training in PCNL: Any impact to surgical skills of attending surgeons?
Authors: Kyriazis Iason , Kallidonis Panagiotis , Kyrkopoulou Eleni , Spinos Theodoros , Liatsikos Evangelos
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The clinical value and efﬁciency of hands-on training courses in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains undocumented. During the last 9 years, a two-day international intensive hands-on training course in ﬂuoroscopic guided prone PCNL is taking place in our department on a monthly basis. Course includes wet lab training in the porcine model and live surgery training. In this work we report the outcomes of a survey send to course participants questioning the impact of the course to their clinical practice.Materials and methods: A survey consisting of 26 questions was distributed online to a total of 91 trainees that had completed the course. Comparison of pre and post course surgical practices was performed using the "N-1" Chi-squared test.Results: A total of 64 trainees responded to our online survey with 55.6% and 41.3% reporting a modest or major impact to their practice accordingly. Notable changes in puncture and dilation technique were evidenced while a uniform reduction in puncture and operative times was documented. 79.4% responded that the course increased the safety of their procedure, 73% that it reduced operating times, 39.7% that increased their stone free rates, 23.8% that reduced their complications and 23.8% that induced to change their instrumentation with respect of that they were using in the past. Subgroup analysis including only well experienced surgeons revealed a similar impact to their practice.Conclusions: In the proper setting, an intensive hands-on PCNL course can have a signiﬁcant impact on attending physicians. Participation to such events even for experienced surgeons should be encouraged.
External validation of Resorlu-Unsal stone score in predicting outcomes after retrograde intrarenal surgery. Experience from a single institution
Authors: Tufano Antonio , Frisenda Marco , Rossi Antonio , Viscuso Pietro , Mantica Guglielmo , Bove Pierluigi , Leonardi Rosario , Calarco Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Objective: Pre-operative assessment of renal stones is essential in selecting treatment options and achieving high success rates for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Several nephrolithometric scoring systems have been developed using pre-operative clinical data and stone characteristics. Resorlu-Unsal stone score (RUSS) is composed of four different parameters, and each of them adds 1 point to the ﬁnal score. One point is added in patients with stone size > 20 mm, lower calyceal stones and infundibulo-pelvic angle < 45°, stone number > 1, and abnormal anatomy, respec-tively. RUSS categorizes patients into four distinct groups and aims to predict stone-free rates (SFR) after RIRS. We externally validated RUSS and evaluated its predictive accuracy.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent RIRS for renal stones between January 2020 and December 2021. Patient age, pre-operative hydronephrosis, stone size, stone density as Hounsﬁeld Unit(HU), operative time and RUSS were investigated as potential preoperative predictive factors for stone-free status. RUSS was applied to all patients, and the nomogram was externally vali-dated. Area under the curve (AUC) was used for clinical validity assessment.Results: The present study included a total of 79 patients. Mean patient age was 55.1 ± 15.4 years with a mean stone size was 14.2 ± 4.4 mm. Overall, 62/79 (78.4%) patients were stone free after the initial treatment. After applying RUSS, 36 (45.6%), 29 (36.7%), 10 (12.6%), and 4 (5.1%) patients had a score of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression RUSS (OR = 0.220; 95%CI: 0.086-0.567; p = 0.002) was identiﬁed as the only predictor of postoperative stone-free status.Conclusions: RUSS is a user-friendly scoring system that may predict postoperative stone-free rate after RIRS with great efﬁ-cacy and accuracy.
Abstract book of the XXVII Congresso Nazionale della Società Scientifica FADOI, 21-23 maggio 2022
Authors: Manfellotto D.
Published: September 2022

Abstract book of the XXVII Congresso Nazionale della Società Scientifica FADOI, 21-23 maggio 2022.
Endoscopic Transnasal Transmaxillary Approach to Orbital Apex through the Meningo-Orbital Band
Authors: Amin Sameh M. , Talat Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Mohammad S. , Osman Ashraf Abdellatif , Hussein Ayman , Hegazy Ahmed , Biswas Arundhati , Mostafa Hamdi Nabawi
Published: September 2022

Background:

Extradural transcranial release of the meningo-orbital band occupying the lateral part of the superior orbital fissure is used to approach the orbital apex and middle cranial fossa. The authors tested the feasibility of the release of the meningo-orbital band via an endonasal transmaxillary approach.

Materials and Methods:

Five injected cadaveric heads were assessed for dimensions of superior orbital fissure by computerized tomography. An endonasal transsphenoid transpterygoid approach was done to the superior orbital fissure and annulus of Zinn medially, down to the maxillary nerve. The periorbita was dissected superolaterally to expose the greater wing of the sphenoid and the meningo-orbital band. The superior orbital fissure was decompressed inferiorly by drilling the greater wing of the sphenoid and the maxillary strut after transposition of the maxillary nerve. The meningoorbital band was cut at the junction of the lateral part of the superior orbital fissure and the periorbita exposing the frontotemporal dural junction. The edge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid was drilled toward the annulus of Zinn and the optic canal. The temporal lobe dura was separated from the periorbita and lateral cavernous dural wall at the meningo-orbital band and the ophthalmic nerve.

Results:

The superior orbital fissure had an oblique angle (mean: 39 ± 2.75 degrees) to the midsagittal plane, the length of its lateral part corresponding to the meningo-orbital band was (mean: 6.08 ± 2.58 mm) and the distance from its lateral end to midline was (mean 2.97 ± 0.11 cm). The meningo-orbital band was released in 10 cadaveric head sides with a distinct plane between the periorbita and the dura propria. Transmaxillary endoscopy provided less orbital retraction and better visualization of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.

Conclusion:

Endonasal transmaxillary release of the meningoorbital band is feasible, allowing exposure of the orbital apex and the middle cranial fossa.
Long-Term Functional Outcome Following Left Hemispherotomy in Adults and Pediatric Participants with Fmri Analysis
Authors: Girishan Shabari , Chaudhary Kapil , Samala Raghu , Agarwal Mohit , Kumaran Senthil , Doddamani Ramesh , Wadhawan Ashima Nehra , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Chandra Sarat P , Tripathi Manjari
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective:

Hemispherotomy surgery in adults is shrouded in doubts regarding the functional outcome. The age at surgery alone should not be the deciding factor for surgery. Language paradigms were used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to confirm the role played by the age at the onset of seizures to predict the postoperative functional outcome. The objective of the study was to formulate an optimal strategy for patient selection for the left-sided hemispherotomy in adults, based on functional outcome analysis.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 20 participants (age at surgery 1–26 years) who underwent left hemispherotomy (over a 5-year period) was conducted. The language and motor functional assessments of 18 participants (13 pediatric and five adult participants; attrition of participants- two) were recorded at presentation and during follow-up visits. After approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, 13 cooperative participants (eight pediatric and five adult participants) underwent language fMRI. Motor fMRI with both active and passive paradigms was done in 16 participants.

Results:

All 18 participants with a mean follow-up of 24 months had class I seizure-free outcome. Of these 18, five were adults (mean age = 21 years, range: 18–22 years) and 13 were in the pediatric age group (mean age = 8 years, range: 2–15 years). Postoperatively, four adults retained both verbal fluency and language comprehension at a mean follow-up period of 38 months (range: 24–48 months). Their pre- and post-op language fMRI showed word generation and regional activations for semantic comprehension in the right hemisphere. The motor area activations were seen in the right hemisphere in two and in the left hemisphere in two participants. Among the pediatric participants, four (group I [n = 4/13]) who had good language outcome showed activations in the right hemisphere. In two participants (group II [n = 2/13]) who deteriorated postoperatively, the activations were in the left hemisphere. Five participants (group III [n = 5/13]) who retained the telegraphic language postoperatively had bilateral activations of semantic comprehension areas in fMRI. All 13 pediatric participants had motor area activations seen in the left hemisphere, similar to controls.

Conclusion:

Left hemispherotomy can be advised to adults with comparably good postoperative language and motor outcome as in the pediatric age group, provided the weakness is acquired perinatally or below the age of 7 years. The fMRI is a valuable tool to aid in patient selection.
Diagnostic Value of Micro-Bubble Transcranial Doppler Combined with Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Lu Jianping , Li Jinguo , Huang Huapin , Ye Qinyong
Published: September 2022

Background:

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to cryptogenic stroke (CS) caused by the patent foramen ovale (PFO).

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the value of microbubble transcranial Doppler (MB-TCD) combined with contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) in the diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO.

Materials and Method:

From January 2014 to January 2019, patients who suffered from CS were recruited and divided into the cTTE group and MB-TCD combined with cTTE group. All patients were further checked by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Results:

A total of 130 patients accepted cTTE examination, and 109 patients accepted MB-TCD combined with cTTE. In the group, 52 of the 54 positive patients were finally confirmed by TEE with PFO, and 12 of the 76 negative patients were finally confirmed by TEE with PFO. In combined group, 50 patients were negative on both two examination (Negative group), 54 were positive on both two examination (Positive group) and finally confirmed by TEE indeed with patent foramen ovale (PFO), while remaining five (5) patients were positive only on MB-TCD (Suspected group). After checked by TEE, three (3) of five patients with MB-TCD positive were confirmed by TEE indeed with PFO. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and Youden's index of cTEE in diagnostic of cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO were 81.25%, 96.97%, 26.82 and 0.78, respectively, and these for MB-TCD combined with cTTE were 100%, 96.15%, 25.97 and 0.96, respectively. MB-TCD medium can sensitively discover PFO in cryptogenic stroke patients with 100% sensitivity and a missdiagnosis rate of 0.

Conclusion:

The combination of MB-TCD and cTTE can improve the sensitivity and specificity of PFO diagnosis in cryptogenic stroke patients. MB-TCD medium also had high sensitivity and specificity.
Sural Sensory Nerve Action Potential
Authors: Jain Rajendra S. , Kumar Kamlesh
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

This study was done to obtain the reference data for the sural SNAP amplitude and latency at distances of 14, 12, and 10 cm from the active recording electrode in Indian healthy subjects for different age groups.

Material and Methods:

Two hundred forty-four healthy subjects (18–80 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to age. Sural SNAP was recorded antidromically stimulating at three sites (14, 12, and 10 cm from the recording electrode). The quantitative variables were expressed as Mean ± SD/Median (IQR) and compared using t test/ANOVA. Transformed data for amplitude were analyzed with the use of paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS version 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Mean age of included subjects was 43.28 years. Maximum leg girth was at 14 cm. Analysis showed a significant difference in the leg girth at all three sites (P < 0.001). Sural SNAP latency at each stimulating site was compared in different age groups, no significant difference was found between groups (P = 0.19). Maximum amplitude was in the 18–30-years age group and amplitude was minimum in the 71–80-years age group (4.34 and 2.79, respectively). The difference in the amplitude recorded in the different age groups was found to be statistically different (P < 0.001). The difference in the amplitude recorded at each site was found to be statistically different (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This is the first study with a large sample size (244 subjects) to provide age-stratified reference data for SNAP in the Indian population by using three sites of stimulation at distances of 14, 12, and 10 cm from the recording electrode. This study shows that sural SNAP amplitude varies with the age of the subject and distance from stimulation.
Correlation of Obesity and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Sperm DNA Integrity, Sperm Quality, and Sperm Viability in Normozoospermia Men
Authors: Pooladi Marziyeh , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Abbasi Yusef , Dashti Gholam Reza
Published: September 2022

Background:

Obesity, Vitamin D (VD) deficiency, and infertility are important ubiquitous issue; however, the association of obesity and serum VD levels with abnormal sperm is unclear and inconclusive. The current study investigated the correlation of obesity and serum VD levels with sperm DNA integrity and sperm parameters in normozoospermia men.

Materials and Methods:

Semen and blood samples from 64 men were divided into two groups: obese and nonobese men based on body mass index (BMI). Sperm motility and viability were determined by computer-aided sperm analysis and eosin-nigrosin staining. DNA fragmentation, determined by sperm chromatin dispersion method. VD concentrations were assessed by the Elisa technique.

Results:

Serum concentration of VD levels in the obese group was significantly lower than nonobese men (P < 0.05). Sperm motility was significantly reduced in the obese group in comparison to nonobese (P < 0.05). Rapid progressive motility was statistically lower in obese men compared with the nonobese group (P < 0.05). Sperm count and morphology were not statistically significant in both groups. Sperm viability in the nonobese group was significantly decreased in comparison to obese group (P < 0.05). DNA integrity was significantly higher in the obese group as compared with nonobese (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

VD deficiency in the obese group showed decreased sperm motility, increased DNA damage, and viability. Adverse consequences of obesity and the possible effect of BMI infertility treatment must be discussed with counseling couples interested in assisted reproductive techniques outcomes, especially in men without any unknown cause.
Supporting Resident Wellness Through Reflection on Professional Identity
Authors: Toubassi Diana , Forte Milena , Herzog Lindsay , Roberts Michael , Schenker Carly , Waters Ian , Bearss Erin
Published: September 2022

Background:

Interventions to address distress among medical trainees often include reflective practice, as well as peer support. Few, however, have emphasized the role of professional identity formation, increasingly recognized as critical to wellness. The structural aspects of curricular interventions have also received little attention. A novel curriculum was therefore designed and evaluated with the goal of understanding how best to support resident wellness through reflection on professional identity.

Materials and Methods:

The curriculum consisted of 8 2-hour sessions, each focusing on a theme commensurate with residents’ professional identity at the time of its delivery. Two Family Medicine sites at the University of Toronto participated, with residents divided into small groups by residency year. Qualitative data were collected through feedback forms, and resident and faculty focus groups, transcripts of which were subjected to pragmatic thematic analysis.

Results:

Four major themes were developed relating to 1) the curriculum's ability to support resident wellness, 2) the importance of protecting reflection, 3) the impact of participants’ professional developmental stage, and 4) the critical role of facilitators.

Conclusions:

A curriculum encouraging reflection on professional identity appears to support resident wellness. To optimize impact, structural factors such as robust curricular integration, confidentiality and group member continuity, require care.
A Rare Case of Zoonotic Infection in Human – Emphasising the One Health Concept
Authors: Dutta Arnab , De Abhishek , Das Sudip , Kar Chinmay , Halder Deepika
Published: September 2022

The One Health concept recognizes that the health of people is connected to the health of animals and the environment. A 21-year-old female patient presented with several nodular and cystic swellings on the front and sides of her neck for the past 2 years. Histopathology showed sulfur granules surrounded by neutrophils in an area of granulation tissue with filamentous Gram-negative bacilli in the granules. She was a regular cattle handler since her childhood, and one of her cows on the farm had died from a similar sort of illness 2 years back at the same period when her disease began. We made a provisional diagnosis of actinobacillus infection and started the patient on doxycycline 100 mg twice daily. With this treatment, the patient showed an excellent clinical response and her condition healed with resultant scarring within 7 weeks of treatment.
An Evaluation of Anxiety Disorder and Emotion Regulation Difficulty in Children and Adolescents with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Miniksar Dilşad Yıldız , Çölgeçen Emine , Cansız Mehmet Akif
Published: September 2022

Context:

The relationship between alopecia areata (AA) and emotion regulation difficulty has not yet been fully explained.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of anxiety and emotion regulation difficulty in children diagnosed with AA.

Settings and Design:

This case-control study was done in the university setting.

Methods:

Behavioral tests measuring anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties, and the measures assessing AA severity were applied to 32 AA patients consulted at Dermatology Clinic of Yozgat Bozok University. A control group was formed of 36 healthy children.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's and Fisher's Chi-square tests and Spearman's correlation test.

Results:

Evaluation was made of a total of 68 subjects (32 patients, 36 healthy subjects). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)-total score and the DERS-clarity subscore were statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the patient group (P = 0.021, P = 0.003, respectively). No significant difference was determined between the two groups in respect of anxiety levels. No correlation was determined between disease severity and the scales. It was determined that as disease duration increased, so the DERS-non-acceptance subscale score increased, and with an increase in age, the SAI score of the AA patients increased. The DERS-impulse subscale score was seen to be statistically significantly higher in the boys with AA than in girls (P = 0.030).

Conclusions:

The results of this study showed that a visible, chronic, recurrent disease such as AA is not always seen with high psychiatric comorbidity and that together with the presence of the disease, patient age and disease duration are also important. It can be considered that AA may have been affected by the location, time and conditions of the study.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Acne Vulgaris and Factors Perceived to Trigger the Disease
Authors: Kayıran Melek Aslan , Karadağ Ayşe Serap , Alyamaç Gökçen , Cemil Bengü Çevirgen , Demirseren Düriye Deniz , Demircan Yuhanize Taş , Aksoy Hasan , Kılıç Sevilay , Yüksel Esma İnan , Kalkan Göknur , Aksaç Sema Elibüyük , Kutlu Ömer , Kakşi Sümeyye Altıntaş , Aktürk Aysun Şikar , Solak Sezgi Sarıkaya , Yazıcı Serkan , Özden Hatice Kaya , Koska Mahmut Can , Uzunçakmak Tuğba Kevser , Ataseven Arzu , Işık Begüm , Alpsoy Erkan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Acne vulgaris (AV) is among the common skin diseases for which patients refer to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Aims and Objectives:

To investigate the approaches to CAM methods and factors believed to increase the disease in 1,571 AV patients.

Materials and Methods:

The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and disease severity according to the Food and Drug Administration criteria were recorded. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the impact of acne on the patient's life and the history of CAM use was noted. The patients also listed the factors that they thought worsened their disease and reported their gluten-free diet experiences.

Results:

Of all the patients, 74.41% had a history of using CAM methods. CAM use was significantly higher in women, patients with severe AV, those with a higher CADI score and non-smokers. As a CAM method, 66.37% of the patients reported having used lemon juice. The respondents most frequently applied CAM methods before consulting a physician (43.94%), for a duration of 0–2 weeks (38.97%). They learned about CAM methods on the internet (56.24%) and considered CAM methods to be natural (41.86%). The patients thought that food (78.55%) and stress (17.06%) worsened their disease. They considered that the most common type of food that exacerbated their symptoms was junk food (63.84%) and a gluten-free diet did not provide any benefit in relieving AV (50%).

Conclusion:

Physicians need to ask patients about their CAM use in order to be able to guide them appropriately concerning treatments and applications with a high level of evidence.
Efficacy, Safety and Quality of Life of Oxybutynin versus Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate in Treating Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Attallah Heba Shawky , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Youssef Youssef EL Bayoumy , Abdelshaheed Mohamed Elsaid , Sharaf Elshahat Farag Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Background:

Palmar hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond the physiological needs of the patient's body and the most frequent form is primary or essential. Different treatments protocols have been proposed to control or decrease sweating.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral oxybutynin versus topical aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Also, to assess quality of life (QOL) as a measure of improvement of hyperhidrosis state.

Materials and Methods:

Patients were randomized using the block randomization with sealed envelope method into two treatment groups; oral oxybutynin group and topical ACH group. Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) was used as a primary outcome measure to assess the efficacy of the drug in both groups. Clinical grading and the QOL were used as secondary outcome measures. The safety was evaluated by recording side effects in the follow-up visits.

Results:

HDSS, clinical grading and QOL score showed a statistically significant improvement in the oral oxybutynin groups. One week after stoppage of treatment, the symptoms recurred again in both groups with return of HDSS and QOL scores to pretreatment levels. The most common side effects were dry mouth (65.8%) and itching (65.0%) for oral oxybutynin group and topical ACH group; respectively.

Conclusion:

Treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin is a good initial alternative for treatment given that it gives better results and much more improvement in QOL when compared to topical ACH. QOL questionnaire and clinical grading should also be considered as useful tools in the assessment of response to treatment.
Standard Patch Test Results and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Bilgic Aslı , Bozca Burcin Cansu , Subası Gülbin Yaşar , Dicle Özlem , Uzun Soner , Yılmaz Ertan , Alpsoy Erkan , Akman-Karakas Ayşe
Published: September 2022

Background:

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, and The European Standard Series (ESS) Patch Test (PT) is widely used in determining the possible responsible allergens causing ACD. The dynamic nature of the industrial products, socioeconomic and environmental factors cause the frequency of common allergens to change over the years and among different regions.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the results of ESS PT of our centre in the last decade, and determine the current spectrum of allergens and their clinical relevance.

Materials and Methods:

The data of patients who underwent ESS PT in our clinic between January 2010 and March 2020 were included in the study. The patient files were examined retrospectively. The clinical relevance was evaluated according to the COADEX system. Statistical analysis used: SPSS for Windows version 23.0 software program.

Results:

The data of 1037 patients [623 (60.1%) female, 414 (39.9%) male] were analysed. The mean age was 38.34 ± 14.55 years. The five most common allergens were nickel sulphate (23.1%), cobalt chloride (12%), potassium dichromate (9.5%), Fragrance mix II (7.3%) and balsam of Peru (5.7%). According to the COADEX coding system, current relevance was detected in 319 (49.3%) of 646 patients who had a positive reaction to any substance in the patch test.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that with increasing awareness in society, the tendency to avoid some well-known allergenic substances and consumer products causes changes in common allergens. These results prove the value of long-term surveillance of contact allergy.
CD68 expression in the placenta of gestational diabetic mothers: A case–control study
Authors: Gosain Ratna , Motwani Rohini , Anupama Hari
Published: September 2022

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy and is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Significant maternal and fetal complications can result from undiagnosed or inadequately treated GDM. Aim: To investigate the difference in the expression of the CD-68 marker in the Hofbauer cells (HCs) and their distribution within the villi in the placentas of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty placentas were included in the study, 30 as controls and 30 from mothers with diagnosed GDM as cases. Full-thickness cross sections of placentas were obtained. Tissue processing was done, followed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). A study of CD68 markers (placental macrophages) was done using standard protocols of immunohistochemistry.

Statistical Analysis:

Frequencies and percentages of Hofbauer cells (HCs) found in case and control placental tissue were calculated. Student’s t-test was used to compare two groups using SPSS 13.0 software. When P is 0.0001, differences were considered statistically significant.

Results and Conclusion:

We studied the distribution and number of fetal macrophages (CD68+) in diabetic and non-diabetic placentas. The immunostained CD68+ cell count was identified to be significantly higher in the GDM placenta. In relation to fetal blood vessels in the villus stroma of the GDM placenta in comparison to control, CD68+ cells were found more frequently. This study shows a significant increase in the number of Hofbauer cells in the placenta of mothers with GDM in comparison to control (P < 0.0001). An increase in macrophages in these placentae might be related to the protective mechanism against inflammation. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanism in detail.
Comparison of Effects of Honey and 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis - A Randomised, Single-Blind Study
Authors: Mhapuskar Amit A. , Thakare Shweta , Kale Isha P. , Karmarkar Pradnya , Hiremutt Darshan R Prasad , Jadhav Abhijeet
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral mucosal disease known to humans and are characterized by the development of painful, recurring solitary or multiple ulcers confined to the oral mucosa. RAS is often painful and worsens during drinking and talking.

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the effects of honey and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in patients with ulcers of recurrent aphthous stomatitis minor.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients having RAS minor were divided into two groups of 30 participants each by simple random sampling. Group A was treated with application of 0.5 ml of honey thrice a day for a week or until complete healing of the ulcer. Group B was treated with application of 5 g of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide oral paste thrice a day for a week or until complete healing of the ulcer. For all the individuals, baseline parameters like the size of the ulcer, pain, and burning sensation were recorded on day 0, reassessment was done on day 4 and day 7, followed by statistical analysis.

Results:

The study showed that the reduction in the size of ulcers, VAS score for pain, and VAS score for burning sensation were similar in patients receiving honey as compared to patients receiving 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. No adverse effects were reported in patients receiving honey, and there were mildly adverse reactions in some patients receiving 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide oral paste.

Conclusion:

Honey, a natural anti-inflammatory agent, seems to hold immense potential as an alternative medication for managing RAS minor ulcers. It has better patient compliance as compared to 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide.
Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide as an Early Predictor of Dysplasia in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Nagaraj Tejavathi , Veerabasavaiah Bhavana T. , Santosh H. N
Published: September 2022

Background:

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 1(LEAP1) plays a major role in dysplasia. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are on the rise, and the rate of malignant transformation is alarming. Iron (Fe) deficiency in anemia of chronic disease may be because of the presence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The metabolism of Fe is altered in dysplasia, leading to dysregulation of Fe homeostasis.

Aim and Objective:

This study aimed to estimate the levels of serum LEAP1 in subjects having OSMF and OSMF with dysplasia and to establish the role of LEAP1 in dysplasia associated with OSMF and in iron homeostasis.

Materials and Methods:

This study was registered with the CTRI [Clinical Trial Registry of India (REF/2019/06/026566)] as a clinical trial. Twenty participants were selected. Ten participants with OSMF and 10 with OSMF along with dysplastic changes were chosen and categorized as group I and group II. Serum LEAP was estimated in the 20 subjects with clinically diagnosed OSMF. Baseline hematologic investigations like complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear, and LEAP1 were done.

Statistics:

Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 11.5 (IBM, New York, USA). To assess the correlation between serum LEAP1 and OSMF, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used. To obtain the interconnection between serum LEAP1 and dysplasia, independent t-test was used. By calculating the effect size, clinical significance was established.

Results:

Serum LEAP1 levels in group I (OSMF with dysplasia) showed a remarkable increase in the value in comparison with group II (OSMF without dysplasia). The correlation between the values of serum LEAP1 and dysplasia was significant with P < 0.001.

Clinical Significance:

Alterations in the iron metabolism are observed in dysplasia; hence, LEAP1 can be a novel marker in the early detection of cancer and can lead to effective treatment and increased survival rate in oral cancer.

Conclusion:

This research explores new avenues by linking LEAP1 levels to the presence of dysplasia. We can conclude that improvement in the body's iron stores leads to a decrease in serum LEAP1. Therefore, to assess iron storage in OSMF serum, LEAP1 can be used as a novel diagnostic marker.
Association of Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening and Peri-Apical Lesion in Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Images
Authors: Dhole Apeksha , Dube Divya , Motwani Mukta
Published: September 2022

Maxillary sinusitis is one of the most common pathologies worldwide and a substantial cause of sinus mucosal thickening. Around 10–86% of maxillary sinusitis reported odontogenic origin. A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed and aimed to evaluate the association of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening and peri-apical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). An extensive bibliographic search with directed vocabulary (MeSH terms in PubMed) and free-text terms were used in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. A total one 8427 articles were identified through the electronic database [Pubmed (34), Ebscohost (0), Google Scholar]. For the meta-analysis, six articles were selected following PRISMA guidelines. One of the major causes of sinus mucosal thickening is reported to be periapical lesions, and the results of the review and meta-analysis concluded that maxillary mucosal sinus thickening was associated with periapical lesions evaluated by CBCT. The results put forward by this review are of utmost importance in treating patients with regenerative and implant procedures related to the posterior maxillary region.
Accuracy of Machine Learning in Identification of Dental Implant Systems in Radiographs – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Benakatti Veena , Nayakar Ramesh P. , Anandhalli Mallikarjun , Lagali-Jirge Vasanti
Published: September 2022

Machine learning has played a promising role in medical diagnosis. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning in identification of dental implant systems from radiographs. This systematic review was conducted by searching four electronic databases, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies that used machine learning for implant identification. Our search yielded 87,189 studies, of which a total of eight studies were found which used machine learning for implant identification. Of the included studies, three studies provided the required data to conduct meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of accuracy of the three included studies was 95.43%. Machine learning appears to be practically efficient in implant recognition. The findings of this review suggested an inadequate reporting of studies due to a lack of standardized guidelines for reporting and conducting the studies that investigate machine learning in implant identification. This could limit the reliable interpretation of the reported accuracy.
Prevalence of peripheral venous cannula-related colonization and infections in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Nithya Parasuraman , Meenakshi Krishnaswami Devi , Naaraayan Sridevi A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Intravenous (IV) access exposes patients to risk of catheter-related infections. The source of infection is either microbial colonization of the cannula or contamination of the hub or drugs. The study objectives were to estimate the prevalence of the peripheral venous cannula (PVC)-related infection and the factors associated with colonization and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms causing infection.

Subjects and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study which included infants and children who required an indwelling PVC. Visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) score was recorded for insertion site changes. Cannula tip and blood were sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed based on bacterial growth in both the cannula tip and blood culture.

Results:

Out of the 256 children recruited in the study, 57% were males and 13% were undernourished. The most common primary illness was respiratory disease. Cannula tip growth was noted in 8.5%. The PVC colonization rate was 37.9/1000 catheter days. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between the primary illness, multiple attempts for insertion, longer duration of IV fluid use, retention of cannula beyond 96 h, and higher VIP scores >2 and cannula colonization.

Conclusions:

Apart from strict adherence to infection prevention techniques, disposal of cannula after one failed attempt, changing IV cannula after 96 h, inspection of cannula site to identify phlebitis early, and removal of the cannula when the VIP score is >2 may help to minimize cannula-related colonization and infection.
A Machine Vision Approach for Recognizing Coastal Fish
Authors: Afiq Raihan  , Israt Sharmin  , B M Marjan Khan  , Md. Ismail Jabiullah  , Md. Tarek Habib
Published: September 2022

Coastal fish is one of the prominent marine resources, which takes a necessary role in the economic growth of a country. Because of environmental issues along with other reasons, not only most of the marine resources are diminishing but also many coastal fishes are getting extinct gradually. As a result, the young peoples have insufficient knowledge of coastal fish. This issue can be solved with the use of vision-based technologies. To deal with this situation, a coastal fish recognition system based on machine vision is conceived, which can be approached by the images of coastal fish that are captured with a portable device and identify the fish to recognize fish. Numerous experimental analyses are executed to exhibit the benefit of this proposed expert system. In the beginning, conversion of a color image into a gray-scale image occurs and the gray-scale histogram is developed. Using the histogram-based method, image segmentation is conducted. After that, a set of thirteen features comprising of four classes is extracted to be fed to a classifier. For reducing the number of features, PCA is applied. To recognize coastal fish, three cutting-edge classifiers are performed, where k-NN provides a potential accuracy of up to 98.7%.
Teachers Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Graphical Communication Concept: A Case of Four Selected Township Schools
Authors: Hlatshwayo Busisiwe Helen , Skosana Ndlelehle , Khoza Samuel
Published: September 2022

This study investigated Grade 8 teachers’ challenges in Graphical Communication. The study made use of a qualitative research approach to conduct. A total of 10 Grade 8 teachers were planned to be purposively sampled for the study. However, due to COVID 19 restrictions, we ended up having eight Grade 8 teachers offering Technology subject. The Pedagogical Content Knowledge notion that was coined by Shulman was used to underpin the study as a framework. Data was collected through face to face interviews with the teachers as well as classroom observation during Graphical Communication concept teaching. Interview data was analysed using verbatim quotes whereas classroom observation was analysed descriptively. Findings of the study revealed that teachers are not adequately trained to teach Technology subject. Issues of classroom overcrowding and poor infrastructure also was a challenge. Teachers’ instructional strategies were also a concern and the use of traditional method is still widely employed in the teaching of the said concept. The study recommends that models be sought for abstract concepts to be learnt with ease. Schools need to secure qualified teachers for the subject in order for teaching and learning to be effective. Technology integration is also advised as a resource that would stimulate learning.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) MATEMATIKA BERKONSEP ISLAM PADA MATERI GARIS DAN SUDUT
Authors: Muafi'i Miftah Qurrohman , Merliza Pika
Published: September 2022

This study aims to develop Islamic-concept mathematical worksheets on line and angle material. This type of research is R&D with a 4D model. To determine the feasibility of the Islamic-concept mathematical worksheets, validity tests and practical tests were carried out. The product validity test was carried out by two experts, namely material experts and media experts. While the practical test was obtained from the responses of educators and students of class VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sekampung Udik. The results of the assessment from material experts reached 79% on the appropriate criteria. Meanwhile, for media experts, the assessment obtained reached 100% on the very feasible criteria. For the results of the practical test through the responses of educators and students who have given a positive response to the Islamic concept worksheet for mathematics on line and angle material, the results of the teacher's response reached 86.66% on the very feasible criteria and on the student response the results obtained 79.70% with proper criteria. For this reason, the results of the development of Islamic-concept mathematical worksheets on line and angle material are declared feasible from the results of product validity and practicality tests
Le théâtre et sa contribution dans la lutte contre la pandémie de Covid-19 en Côte d'Ivoire
Authors:   Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Sanogo Drissa
Published: September 2022

The topical nature of the subject justifies its relevance. The analysis, based on field observations, is inspired by the approaches that underlie social criticism. It reveals, in the beginning, a disinterest in the pandemic, concern left to anonymous and improvised actors producing a “drama of misunderstanding” trivializing the plague. Then came an awakening of professionals in drama, which the sociocritical analysis of the Ivorian case explains by the difficulties encountered by the politicians. Indeed, the speed and firmness of the decisions, contrasting with their application, selective, soft or absent, give matter to a dramatic production. Drama is involved in raising public awareness through filmed productions. This analysis proposes solutions for efficient handling of the pandemic through Drama. They advocate the massive realization of works couraging anti-covid vaccination and barrier measures, through the theme, the attitude of actors and spectators.