bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity evaluation of oxamyl against tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyideae) and two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Alhewairini S. S.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Agriculture sector of Saudi Arabia is growing swiftly and tomato is an important crop cultivated mostly under green houses. Unfortunately, it is facing severe infestation due to divers mite species. Present study, relates to evaluation of toxicity of oxamyl against two phytophagous mites; Aculops lycopersici and Tetranychus urticae, isolated from tomato plants suffering from infestation. Simultaneous effect of oxamyl on two predatory mites; Neosiulus cucumeris and Euseius scutalis, was also evaluated. Three concentrations of oxamyl; half of the recommended dose (HRD), recommended dose (RD) and double recommended dose (DRD), were used against each mite specie to observe mortality within seven days as compared to the control. Significant mortality of 97.91% and 93.92% was observed in A. lycopersici and T. urticae, respectively at RD. In case of predatory mites; N. cucumeris and E. scutalis, mortality was 60.61% and 64.48%, respectively, under same conditions. Mortality of mites observed at HRD was insignificant and there was negligible increase in mortality at DRD. Oxamyl being less toxic to predatory mites and significantly mortal to phytophagous mites is recommended as a tool to as a tool to achieve biological control parallel to pesticidal effect.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-phenylamino-1,4-naphthoquinones derivatives as potential hypoglycaemic agents
Authors: Razaque R. , Raza A. R. , Irshad M. , Rubab S. L. , Batool S. , Nisar B. , Akram Z. , Akhtar M. T. , Qadir R. , Siddique Abu Bakar , Siddique Farzana , Saadia M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Due to the severe side effects revealed by most of the currently used antidiabetic medicines, search for finding new and safe drugs to manage diabetes is continued. Naphthoquinones possessing strong antioxidant properties have been employed as candidates for diabetes therapy. Present study is aimed at finding the antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potential of some novel derivatives of 2-phenylamino-1,4-naphthoquinones (PAN) including chloro, nitro, methyl and bromo (5a-d) derivatives synthesized by single pot experiment. Product crystals were purified by TLC and characterized by FT-IR. The antioxidant potential of the compounds was assayed through DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activities noted as UV-vis. absorbance. The DPPH assay has showed the powerful antioxidant activity of nitro and bromo derivatives, while the nitro derivative showed the significant reduction potential towards FRAP assay. Hypoglycaemic potential of the compounds was studied in rat animal model. All synthesized compounds revealed better hypoglycaemic activity; however, the chloro-derivative exhibited the more potent hypoglycaemic activity showing about 43% reduction in the mean blood glucose levels of the treated animals. As the bioreduction of naphthoquinones may be influenced by changing its redox properties, it has been noticed that the e-donating resonance effect (+R) of ‘chloro’ group has shown the significant effects on biological activity through stabalization of its imine form which limits the potential of generation of free radicals during bioreduction of quinones and thus has been proposed as the reason of its hypoglycaemic activity. Future studies employing the properties of e-donating groups of PAN may optimize the drug-receptor interaction for better drug designing and drug development strategies against diabetes and also for the clinical trials.
New records of Coronatella (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Chydoridae) from Colombia with the first report of Coronatella undata and of the male of Coronatella monacantha
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés Juan M. , Eslava-Eljaiek Pedro , Elmoor-Loureiro Lourdes M. A. , Sousa Francisco Diogo R. , Suárez-Rivero Deivis
Published: March 2022

Abstract Biological samples obtained from a small temporary pond of northern Colombia yielded the first record Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2015 and of the male of C. monacantha (Sars, 1901) for Colombia. In this study, the morphology of female of Coronatella undata and female and male of C. monacantha was described and compared to other species within the genus. C. undata was originally described from Brazil and, among the species of the Coronatella monacantha complex, seems to be closely related to C. acuticostata (Sars, 1903). C. undata shows some similarities with C. monacantha, but it can be identified by important diagnostic characters such as: 1) posterior-ventral corner of valve with two denticles, 2) seta on exopodite of trunk limb II rudimentary, 3) filter comb of trunk limb II with six setae, 4) ODL seta of trunk limb I shorter than longest seta of IDL. C. monacantha is the most reported species in the Neotropical region and the male most resemble C. paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2015 in relation to (i), length/wide of postabdomen ratio (ii) basal spine almost straight and (iii)) long basal spine reaching the mid-length of basal spine. However, they can be separated by (i) number of lateral seta on the antennule, (ii) postanal angle, (iii) position of gonopore (iv) presence of a denticle on posterior-ventral corner of valve
Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract in rats
Authors: Khedher A. , Dhibi S. , Bouzenna H. , Akermi S. , El Feki A. , Teles P. H. V. , Almeida J. R. G. S. , Hfaiedh N.
Published: March 2022

Abstract This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, β-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
Iceberg lettuce cultivated in different systems of planting and sources of fertilizer
Authors: Santos-Naressi R. , Santos-Pimentel-Oliveira L. , Santos E. H. , Francisco J. P. , Lopes A. D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Organic fertilization is a cheaper and highly effective option for profitability and consequent improvement of the soil's physical, chemical, and biological structure. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate different types of fertilization: organic (poultry shed litter), mineral, and leaf path on yield parameters of lettuce grown in various types of planting. The treatments consisted of using two planting systems (P1 - Line and P2 - quincunxes) and mineral and organic fertilizers (A1 - mineral fertilization; A2 - mineral fertilization + leaf fertilization; A3 - organic fertilization with poultry shed litter and A4 - fertilization organic + mineral). The experimental units consisted of 36 and 52 plants, respectively, for treatments P1 and P2, and all central plants of the experimental unit were evaluated. Heart height, fresh mass, and leaf number were observed. The mineral and mineral + leaf treatments did not differentiate, either in line or in quincunxes. The treatment that stood out about the analyzed variables was the organic fertilization and quincunxes planting system, reflecting a more significant number of lettuce plants and better use of the area.
Distribution and diversity of aquatic insects in different water bodies of Qatar
Authors: Alkhayat F. A. , Ahmad A. H. , Rahim J. , Imran M. , Sheikh U. A. A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.
Tree species composition, growing stock and biomass carbon dynamics of the major timber species in Hindu Kush regions of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad A. , Liu J. , Liu Q. , Ullah S. , Khalid F. , Taimur  , Ismail M. , Mannan A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Using inventory data, this study evaluates the species composition, growing stock volume (GSV), and biomass carbon (BMC) of the five major timber species in the sub-tropical, and temperate/sub-alpine regions of Pakistan. It was found that the stem density varies between 50 and 221 trees ha -1, with a mean of 142 trees ha-1 (13.68 million trees for entire forest area). Among the species, Pinus wallichiana showed a high species composition (27.80%) followed by Picea smithiana (24.64%). The GSV was found in the range of 67.81 to 425.94 m3 ha-1, with a total GSV value of 20.68 million m3 for the entire region. Similarly, The BMC ranged from 27.04 to 169.86 Mg ha-1, with a mean BMC value of 86.80 Mg ha-1. The total amount of stored carbon was found at 8.69 million tons for a total of 95842 ha of commercially managed forest. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the basal area (BA) and GSV and BMC showed that BA is the best predictor of GSV and BMC. The findings provide insights to the policy makers and forest managers regarding the sustainable commercial forest management as well as forest carbon management in the recent global carbon management for climate change mitigation.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in various weed plants associated with wheat crops
Authors: Salim M. , Saeed A. , Iqbal M. , Khan B. A. , Khan N. , Rabbani I. , Alsenani F. , Rasul A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract This study explores the antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoids contents in the extracts of four locally available weeds plants namely Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Avena fatua and Phalaris minor with different solvents. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined via various in-vitro methods such as total antioxidant activity (TAA), reducing power (RP), DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Phytochemical screening was performed both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined through Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Methanol-chloroform solvent showed the presence of a high amount of TPC in milligram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg of GAE/g of DW) in the extracts of all weeds. Their descending sequence was Avena fatua (74.09) ˃ Phalaris minor (65.66) ˃ Chenopodium murale (64.04) ˃ Convolvulus arvensis (61.905), while, chloroform solvent found to be best solvent for the extraction of TFC. Methanol-chloroform solvent was also found to be best solvent for TAA (Total antioxidant activity assay) which showed values in milligram of ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg of AAE /g of DW), for DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power (antioxidant activity) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides in these weeds.
Biodiversity, distributions and isolation of microplastics pollution in finfish species in the Panjkora River at Lower and Upper Dir districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan
Authors: Khan W. , Hassan H. U. , Gabol K. , Khan S. , Gul Y. , Ahmed A. E. , Swelum A. A. , Khooharo A.R , Ahmad J. , Shafeeq P. , Ullah R. Q.
Published: March 2022

Abstract The basic aim of this study was aimed to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora in both upper and lower Dir districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Fish samples were collected by using fishnets from March to September 2020. A total of 724 specimens were collected and classified into 5 families, 14 genera, and 18 species. The overall results revealed that most fish fauna of river Panjkora contains 8 species of family Cyprinidae (56.49%) followed by 4 species of Nemacheilidae (24.44%), 2 species of Channidae (10.63%), and Sisoridae (7.04%), and 1 species of Mastacembelidae (1.38%), respectively. Among all kinds of fish species, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16.57%) was highly dominated and followed by Carassius auratus (11.87%) and Racoma labiata (9.66%) and were reported as highly abundant, especially during April, May, and June. The least abundant species were Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii, and Mastacembelus armatus, that constituting 2.48%, 2.20%, and 1.38% of the total fish samples. The Overall Simpson’s diversity (1-D= 0.919) and Simpson’s Reciprocal index values (1/D= 12.3876), and Shannon’s index (H= 2.68) were indicating that river Panjkora contains a quite rich and diverse group of fish species. The highest microplastics observed in site 7 compared to other study area. Conservation steps should be taken as a top priority to protect and conserve the marine environment and natural heritage from further loss, extinction and stop or minimize losses incurred through irresponsible fishery practices
Sequencing and multiple antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Nile tilapia fish in Egypt
Authors: Shabana B. M. , Elkenany R. M. , Younis G.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the main causes of septicemic diseases among freshwater fish, causing severe economic losses and decreasing farm efficiency. Thus, this research was aimed to investigate the occurrence of P. fluorescens in Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) fish in Egypt, gene sequencing of 16SrDNA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility. P. fluorescens strains were detected in 32% (128\400) of apparently healthy (9%; 36\400) and diseased (23%; 92\400) Nile tilapia fish. The highest prevalence was observed in gills of fish, 31.3% followed by intestine 26.9%, liver 24.2%, and kidneys 17.6%. The PCR results for the 16SrDNA gene of P. fluorescens showed 16SrDNA gene in 30% of examined isolates. Moreover, Homogeny and a strong relationship between strains of P. fluorescens was confirmed using 16SrDNA sequences. Beside the responsibility of 16SrDNA gene on the virulence of P. fluorescens. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all strains were resistant to piperacillin (100%), followed by ceftazidime (29.7%), and cefepime (25.8%). The strains of P. fluorescence were highly sensitive to cefotaxime (74.2%), followed by ceftriaxone and levofloxacin (70.3% each). Interestingly, 29.7% of strains of P. fluorescens were multiple antimicrobial-resistant (MAR).
Green synthesis of gold nanaoparticles using Delphinium Chitralense tuber extracts, their characterization and enzyme inhibitory potential
Authors: Ahmad S. , Zainab  , Ahmad H. , Khan I. , Alghamdi S. , Almehmadi M. , Ali M. , Ullah A. , Hussain H. , Khan N. M. , Ali F. , Ahmad M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Green synthesis has been introduced as an alternative to chemical synthesis due to the serious consequences. Metal nanoparticles synthesized through green approach have different pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural applications. The present study followed a green and simple route for the preparation of potentially bioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Au NPs were prepared via green synthesis approach using crude basic alkaloidal portion of the tuber of Delphinium chitralense. The green synthesized Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Morphological analysis shows that Au NPs have cubic geometry with different sizes. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of Au NPs while XRD proved their pure crystalline phase. The Au NPs showed promising dose dependent inhibition of both AChE and BChE as compared to the crude as well as standard drug.
Ammonia gas for bacterial control in poultry litter
Authors: Muniz Richard F. , Oliveira Willian R. , Pereira Rhaquel S. , Pasqualotto Cristiani V. , Santos Luciana R. , Rodrigues Laura B. , Mendonça Bruno S. , Daroit Luciane , Pilotto Fernando
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT: The current techniques used in the disinfection of reused poultry litter, such as lime addition, windrowing and plastic cover on the surface, do not guarantee the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, causing damage to the environment and animal health. Gram negative bacteria, i.e., Salmonella and Escherichia coli, can be transmitted from one batch to another through reused litter, causing health damage to broilers and humans that consume food contaminated by these agents. Our study assessed the effectiveness of the methods plastic cover on the surface (PCS) and plastic cover on the surface with ammonia gas injection (PCSAI) in the control of Gram negative bacteria. The results obtained, both in laboratory conditions (Experiment 1) and in the field (Experiment 2), demonstrate that the method PCSAI with 0.22% ammonia gas had a significant reduction (P<0.05) of Gram negative bacteria in the period of 48 hours This new methodology for disinfecting poultry litter will allow its reuse in a practical and safe way, improving the preservation of the environment, of the health of broilers and consumers of poultry products.
Genomic characterization, antimicrobial resistance profiles, enterotoxin, and biofilm production of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and animal products origins in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Baran Alper , Oz Cihan , Cengiz Seyda , Adiguzel Mehmet C.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic and ubiquitous pathogen found in the skin, nares, and mucosal membranes of mammals. Increasing resistance to antimicrobials including methicillin has become an important public concern. One hundred and eight (108) S. aureus strains isolated from a total of 572 clinical and animal products samples, were investigated for their biofilm capability, methicillin resistance, enterotoxin genes, and genetic diversity. Although only one strain isolated from raw retail was found as a strong biofilm producer, the percentage of antimicrobial resistance pattern was relatively higher. 17.59% of S. aureus strains tested in this study were resistant to cefoxitin and identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. mecA and mecC harboring S. aureus strains were detected at a rate of 2.79% and 0.93%, respectively. In addition, staphylococcal enterotoxin genes including Sea, Seb, Sec, and Sed genes were found to be 18.5%, 32.4%, 6.5% and 3.7%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship among the isolates showed relationship between joint calf and cow milk isolates. Multi locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed three different sequence types (STs) including ST84, ST829, and ST6238. These findings highlight the development and spread of MRSA strains with zoonotic potential in animals and the food chain throughout the world.
Chimamanda Adichie, Mia Couto e o combate às expectativas de género
Authors: Amante Susana
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Em A coisa à volta do teu Pescoço, a escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie dá vida e voz a personagens femininas várias que, numa amostra por conveniência, cingiremos às presentes nas histórias “Cela Um” e “A Historiadora Obstinada”. As questões de género, noutro canto de África, são tratadas por Mia Couto, um feminista convicto. É na senda de um novo rumo para a garantia dos direitos das mulheres, que analisaremos a representatividade feminina em contos selecionados de Estórias Abensonhadas, como na “Esteira do Parto”, “O Perfume”, “Os infelizes cálculos da felicidade”, “Joãotónio, no enquanto” e “Os olhos fechados do diabo do advogado”. Tendo como pano de fundo estes autores, procuraremos analisar 1. as formas como a mulher é representada nas narrativas em estudo e 2. quão mais (in)felizes as personagens femininas se tornam quando não sentem o peso das expectativas de género.
Transformations in female representations in beer advertisements: a Strategic Actions Fields perspective
Authors: Candido Silvio Eduardo Alvarez , Lourenço Bruna Scanavachi , Sakoda Debora Mayumi Viol
Published: March 2022

Abstract This article assesses the influence of criticisms of female representations in advertising practices in the brewing industry in Brazil between 2012 and 2017 from the perspective of Strategic Action Fields. Unlike existing analyses, the object of the study was conceived as a set of interconnected fields and the role of governance units in the dynamics of social change was emphasized. An analysis of the content of 213 advertisements for the country's largest beer brands, 99 lawsuits filed against the brewing industry in the National Advertising Self-Regulation Council (CONAR) and media reports was carried out. The results indicate that the loss of symbolic effectiveness of sexist advertising practices was driven by episodes of conflict that had wide media repercussions and affected the dominant companies in the brewing industry. These factors made it possible for criticism to circumvent the conservative performance of CONAR, the established governance unit in the fields of advertising in Brazil.
Effects of fire on soil organic matter in northern Amazonian forest fragments
Authors: SILVA Libério Junio da , DICK Deborah Pinheiro , NECKEL Djennifer , NÓBREGA Gabriel Nuto , RODRIGUES Renato de Aragão R. , BARBOSA Reinaldo Imbrozio , CORDEIRO Renato Campello
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Forest fires incorporate pyrogenic organic matter into the soil, affecting the characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) due to its high aromaticity, increasing its renewal time. However, the factors that control the concentration of pyrogenic organic matter and its chemical composition and structure are still little known. Forest fragments dispersed in a savanna matrix of the northern Brazilian Amazon are frequently impacted by fires, which can affect the composition of SOM within the fragments. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of SOM in the border and interior of six forest fragments in the Roraima savanna, in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Soil samples were collected at 10-cm intervals up to 1 m in depth at the border and in the interior of each fragment. Soil organic material concentration was determined with 10% HF solution and its elemental composition, thermogravimetric index, and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic analysis were determined. There was no significant difference in the aromaticity index between border and interior. The concentration of alkyl C structures between border (22 to 25%) and interior (19 to 29%) indicated the occurrence of medium-intensity fires in the study area. The thermogravimetric analysis showed no significant difference in the thermal stability of SOM between border and interior. Our results showed no pronounced difference in SOM quality up to 1 m depth between the border and the interior of the evaluated forest fragments, indicating that this compartment is stable throughout the fragments.
Fast and novel botanical exploration of a 320-km transect in eastern Amazonia using DNA barcoding
Authors: MILLIKEN William , ODONNE Guillaume , ENGEL Julien , TOURNEAU François-Michel LE , SUESCUN Uxue , CHAVE Jérôme
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT We explored a 320-km transect in the Tumucumaque mountain range along the border between southern French Guiana and Brazil, sampling all trees and lianas with DBH ≥ 10 cm in seven 25 x 25-m plots installed near seven boundary milestones. We isolated DNA from cambium tissue and sequenced two DNA barcodes (rbcLa and matK) to aid in species identification. We also collected fertile herbarium specimens from other species (trees/shrubs/herbs) inside and outside the plots. The selected DNA barcodes were useful at the family level but failed to identify specimens at the species level. Based on DNA barcoding identification, the most abundant families in the plots were Burseraceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae and Sapotaceae. One third of the images of sampled plants posted on the iNaturalist website were identified by the community to species level. New approaches, including the sequencing of the ITS region and fast evolving DNA plastid regions, remain to be tested for their utility in the identification of specimens at lower taxonomic levels in floristic inventories in the Amazon region.
Pre-copulatory bite wounds as evidence of aggressive competition for mating in the neotropical freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro
Authors: SHIBUYA Akemi , DUNCAN Wallice P.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Reproductive aspects of Amazonian freshwater stingrays are still poorly studied, however, it is known that the copulatory behavior in some species is related to the hydrometric seasons (high and low water). In order to assess the reproductive activity prior to copulation, we examined bite wounds in Potamotrygon motoro of Catalão Lake, in Amazonas state, Brazil. Specimens of both sexes showed wounds on the pectoral fins. Males presented a large amount of bite wounds, distributed randomly throughout the body, while females had more bite wounds on the posterior region. The higher number of wounds in males is assumed to indicate aggressive interactions among males in competition for females, caused by attempts to prevent other males from mating with the target female. The behavior is likely owed to the confinement of the stingrays in the lake during the low-water period.
First evidence of frugivory in Gardnerycteris crenulatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: CASTILLO-FIGUEROA Dennis , TARRÁ-JARAMILLO Bryan A. , PEÑUELA-SALGADO Mónica M. , GIRALDO-MARTÍNEZ Carlos A. , RODRÍGUEZ-LEÓN Carlos H.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Gardnerycteris crenulatum is a bat species restricted to South America, being particularly rare in lowland rainforests. It is characterized by a diet composed mainly of arthropods and small vertebrates, with no confirmed evidence of fruit consumption. Here, we provide the first records of seeds in the diet of G. crenulatum. The seeds were found in the feces of two individuals captured in late-successional forests in the Colombian Amazon (one pregnant female and one adult male), that belonged to Piper sp. (n = 125) and Cecropia engleriana (n = 3). In germination experiments, only Piper seeds germinated (8%). Insectivores can potentially perform other functions than the role assigned to their corresponding guild. More research is needed on the natural history and ecology of G. crenulatum to elucidate its possible role as seed disperser.
Copaiba (Copaifera reticulata) oleoresin reduces voluntary alcohol intake in rats
Authors: PULCINELLI Rianne Remus , GIUSTINA Clara Lindenmayer Della , BANDIERA Solange , ALMEIDA Felipe Borges , IZOLAN Lucas dos Reis , NIN Mauricio Schuler , LEAL Mirna Bainy , GOMEZ Rosane
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from the Copaifera reticulata tree, has been used as a remedy in popular medicine in the Brazilian Amazon for various purposes, including reducing drug abuse. Yet no studies evaluated the effect of repeated administration of copaiba oil on alcohol consumption in animals. To evaluate this effect, we divided adult male Wistar rats into a) an alcohol group in which the animals had free access to choose between two bottles: one containing alcohol solution (20%) and another containing vehicle solution (0.2% saccharin); and b) a control group with access to two bottles containing vehicle solution. Rats were free to drink 24 h per day, for 35 days. Daily alcohol consumption and weekly body weight gain and food intake were monitored. From day 22, half of the rats in each group received 600 mg kg-1 copaiba oleoresin and the other received vehicle, subcutaneously, once a day, for three days. On day 35, rats were evaluated in an open-field test. The results showed that copaiba oil decreased voluntary alcohol intake and preference between days 2 and 6 after the last administration. Copaiba treatment also decreased the food intake and body weight gain in both alcohol and control groups without changing behaviors in the open-field test. Therefore, copaiba oil was able to reduce voluntary alcohol consumption in rats and could be tested in humans as an adjuvant to treat alcohol use disorder.
Digital elevation modeling through forests: the challenge of the Amazon
Authors: POLIDORI Laurent , CALDEIRA Carlos Rodrigo Tanajura , SMESSAERT Maël , HAGE Mhamad EL
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Elevation mapping at ground level is challenging in forested areas like the Amazon region, which is mostly covered by dense rainforest. The most common techniques, i.e. photogrammetry and short wavelength radar, provide elevations at canopy level at best, while most applications require ground elevations. Even lidar and P-band radar, which can penetrate foliage and measure elevations at ground level, have some limitations which are analyzed in here. We address three research questions: To what extent can a terrain model be replaced by a more easily available canopy-level surface model for topography-based applications? How can the elevation be obtained at ground level through forest? Can a priori knowledge of general continental relief properties be used to compensate for the limits of measurement methods in the presence of forest?
A Inclusão no Ensino Superior: Vivências de Estudantes com Deficiência Visual
Authors: SILVA Jailma , PIMENTEL Adriana
Published: March 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa o ponto de vista dos/as estudantes com deficiência visual sobre o seu ingresso e a sua permanência na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e busca refletir sobre o processo de inclusão por eles/as vivenciado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito estudantes com deficiência visual matriculados/as em diferentes cursos dessa instituição. A análise do material textual demonstrou que o ingresso e a permanência no Ensino Superior foram marcados por dificuldades relacionadas às barreiras físicas, à disponibilidade e ao acesso a recursos materiais, didáticos, pedagógicos e tecnológicos, bem como às barreiras atitudinais, que agudizam o desempenho acadêmico dos/as estudantes com deficiência visual. Desse modo, a inclusão educacional, em processo de construção na UFBA, requer envolvimento e participação de toda a comunidade acadêmica para que de fato se concretize.
Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas Bilíngues de Letramento para Estudantes Surdos
Authors: CASTRO Mariana Gonçalves Ferreira de , KELMAN Celeste Azulay
Published: March 2022

RESUMO: A preocupação sobre o ensino da Língua Portuguesa para surdos permeou a história com diferentes interfaces e concepções. Como uma forma de apresentar proposições sobre o tema, este artigo é um recorte do relato de pesquisa descrito na tese intitulada Análise sobre ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos: um estudo em dois Municípios Fluminenses (Castro, 2021), que teve como objetivo geral descrever e analisar as práticas pedagógicas bilíngues utilizadas para ensinar Língua Portuguesa para surdos, em turmas bilíngues inclusivas, no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II, em escolas-polo bilíngues do Rio de Janeiro e de Duque de Caxias. Os objetivos específicos foram: demonstrar práticas pedagógicas bilíngues de ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos realizadas em turmas bilíngues inclusivas de alunos surdos de escolas-polo dos municípios pesquisados; e destacar elementos que favorecem ou não a aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa. A realização dessa investigação baseou-se em uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa (Bauer & Gaskell, 2003), na matriz histórico-cultural com viés multicultural, do tipo estudo de caso (Gil, 2008). A análise dos dados foi realizada na perspectiva microgenética. Como resultado, observou-se que a forma como todos os envolvidos no processo de ensino aos alunos surdos e ouvintes medeiam o conhecimento da Língua Portuguesa, utilizando artefatos da metacognição ou da comunicação inter/multimodal por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras (Kelman, 2015), fazendo positivamente a diferença no ensino e na aprendizagem de todos os alunos. Enfim, considera-se que a qualidade da mediação semiótica utilizada por todos no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos surdos traz resultados positivos sobre a aprendizagem em Língua Portuguesa e sobre seu próprio desenvolvimento.
Análise do Índice de Funcionalidade Brasileiro Modificado (IFBr-M) e suas Implicações Sociais
Authors: NUNES Lauren Cristine Aguiar , LEITE Lúcia Pereira , AMARAL Gabriel Filipe Duarte
Published: March 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo buscou investigar a percepção de profissionais de áreas relacionadas à avaliação da deficiência sobre o instrumento Índice de Funcionalidade Brasileiro Modificado (IFBr-M) e sobre as implicações de se adotar ou não esse novo modelo de avaliação, os recursos necessários para a sua implementação, a vigência e a situação atual do processo de consolidação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como um instrumento unificado, em conformidade com a concepção biopsicossocial de deficiência que caracteriza a legislação brasileira, a exemplo da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão - Lei N° 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015. Foram realizadas aproximações com agentes públicos e representantes de diferentes instituições e entidades civis, por meio de entrevistas com duas profissionais envolvidas com o Movimento das Pessoas com Deficiência e com a formulação do IFBr-M. Trata-se de um debate ainda bastante incipiente e que precisa ser encarado com maior seriedade pelas instituições e pelos agentes públicos em sua formação e em sua atuação, visto a relevância do tema para a sociedade. O IFBr-M apresenta-se como uma importante ferramenta de avaliação biopsicossocial da deficiência, com inúmeras implicações práticas que marcam o cotidiano dessa população, e se mostra como um vetor para o debate público desse complexo fenômeno.
Influence of processing methods on the content of polyphenols and anthocyanins and on the antioxidant activity of Rubus brasiliensis Mart. fruits
Authors: Anzolin Ana Paula , Bertol Charise Dallazem , Taparello Gian Carlos , Silveira Verônica Cristina da , Nascimento Pâmela do , Rossato-Grando Luciana Grazziotin
Published: March 2022

Abstract Little is known about the phytochemical composition and the influence of different processing methods on the concentration of bioactive compounds and on the antioxidant activity of the fruits of Rubus brasiliensis Mart., a native plant of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of different processing methods on the quantification of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and on the antioxidant activity of R. brasiliensis fruits. The plants were processed by different ways - the extracts of fruits were obtained by Spray Dryer (SD) or Lyophilization (LYO), and the fruits were dried directly in an oven (OD) and were also evaluated after freshly thawed (FT). The processing methods were independent. After processing, the polyphenol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique. The pH differential method was used for quantification of anthocyanin and the antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. R. brasiliensis fruits have a high content of polyphenols and anthocyanins, and an expressive antioxidant activity that can bring benefits to the population. The FT fruits showed the lowest content of total polyphenols. However, the OD fruits showed the most interesting results, since the total polyphenols and anthocyanins contents and the antioxidant activity were similar to the other processing methods performed in this work and were more economically viable. Obtain a bioactive content and adequate antioxidant activity after simple processing such as drying is very interesting when using these fruits for longer, or even, obtaining pharmaceutical formulations. It could be determined, for the first time, the content of polyphenols and anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity of the fruits of R. brasiliensis, as well as the best way to process these fruits by drying them in an oven.
Metodologias aplicadas no ensino de Ética, Bioética e Deontologia da Saúde durante a última década: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Tiago Pereira de , Rech Rafaela Soares , Gomes Erissandra
Published: March 2022

Esta revisão integrativa realiza um mapeamento da produção científica da última década com vistas às metodologias aplicadas no ensino de Ética, Bioética e Deontologia, objetivando categorizá-las e descrevê-las. Na busca pelos descritores “ensino” and “saúde” and “ética” or “bioética” or “deontologia”, nas bases de Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico, foram encontrados 34 artigos. As metodologias foram organizadas em: metodologias ativas e modelo tradicional. A síntese desta revisão afirma que as metodologias ativas oferecem aprendizagens mais significativas se comparadas ao modelo tradicional, sobretudo associadas ao uso da tecnologia. Além disso, pressupostos teóricos transversais e interdisciplinares também foram associados à aplicabilidade metodológica no ensino das temáticas em questão.
Ecology of knowledges and languages in Latin American academic production
Authors: Finardi Kyria Rebeca , França Claudio , Guimarães Felipe Furtado
Published: March 2022

Abstract The Latin American academic production is analyzed relating to its visibility, internationalization, and the ecology of knowledges and languages. Bibliometric tools were used to form a corpus of 2,939 studies in the Scopus database between 2010-2019, analyzed in two dimensions: the output/editorial dimension, and the input/epistemological dimension, focusing on three aspects: (1) evolution per year and per country; (2) most used languages and journals; and (3) international collaborations. The results of the epistemological dimension showed a greater collaboration with authors from the Global North, especially with Spain, the United States and England (in the case of Mexico and Chile) and Portugal (in the case of Brazil). Regarding the quantitative evolution, a steady growth was observed in Latin America, with Brazil occupying the first position. Spanish predominated as the language of publication, although a trend towards English was observed in the second five-year period analyzed, surpassing Portuguese. Taken together, the results of the study suggest that the patterns of academic production in Latin America do not show an ecology of knowledges and languages.
Conceptions and assessment practices in Rio de Janeiro municipal schools
Authors: Almeida Andréa Baptista de , Rosistolato Rodrigo Pereira da Rocha , Cerdeira Diana Gomes da Silva
Published: March 2022

Abstract We analyzed the conceptions and assessment practices of elementary school teachers, aiming to investigate the uses of the results of the learning assessments in schools and the results of the Provas Bimestrais (Bimonthly Exams) – instruments of the Assessment System of the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Educational System – for planning and taking pedagogical decisions. We are based on the theories of formative assessment, which indicated assessment as a tool to improve learning and not just to measure it. We conducted interviews and participant observation in two schools, describing and analyzing contradictions between discourse and practices. The teachers’ conceptions approached formative assessment, focusing on defense of diversification of assessment instruments, yet they mainly conduct traditional exams and, frequently, they work in a similar way to the Provas Bimestrais (Bimonthly Exams). The results of both assessments were basically to give superficial feedback to the students and to calculate their grades, distancing the assessment practice from the theoretical conception of formative assessment.
A curiosa história do Real Collegio dos Nobres
Authors: Castro Claudio de Moura
Published: March 2022

Resumo O que aprendemos examinando um colégio para preparar a nobreza portuguesa, no período do Marquês de Pombal? Hoje seria inaceitável usar verbas públicas para financiar um colégio restrito à nobreza. Ou punir com cadeia a indisciplina. Ou aceitar que alguns livros eram proibidos. Em compensação, colégios públicos podiam cobrar dos alunos. Dos reitores, exigiam-se cultura e dotes morais. O mesmo com sua equipe. O regime de estudos era severíssimo. Os professores deveriam explicitar a pedagogia usada e sempre levar os alunos a aplicar na prática o que ensinavam.
O tio haitiano da antropologia contemporânea: teoria, história e poder em Jean Price-Mars
Authors: Gonçalves João Felipe
Published: March 2022

Resumo Este artigo discute o contexto de produção, o conteúdo e a recepção do livro Ainsi parla l’oncle (Assim falou o tio), do antropólogo haitiano Jean Price-Mars, publicado em 1928. O artigo argumenta que, ademais de oferecer uma interpretação nacionalista da cultura popular haitiana, esse livro faz inovações teóricas importantes que antecipam perspectivas que a antropologia do Norte Global só viria a adotar cinco décadas depois. O artigo examina o contraste entre a recepção do livro, que circunscreve seu interesse aos estudos do Haiti, do Caribe e do mundo afro-atlântico, e a relevância geral de seus argumentos, para além desses campos antropológicos restritos. O artigo, portanto, defende que Jean Price-Mars seja reconhecido e reivindicado na história da antropologia por suas contribuições não apenas regionais e temáticas, mas também propriamente teóricas.
Roger Bastide - entre tempos, espaços, tradições
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Arêas
Published: March 2022

Resumo O artigo propõe uma análise do itinerário e escritos de Roger Bastide (1989-1974), procurando mostrar como os seus trânsitos entre França e Brasil, e entre diferentes domínios do conhecimento, contribuíram para a formação de seu ponto de vista plural, e como essa sua posição entre tempos, espaços e tradições lança questões importantes para o modo como pensamos e escrevemos a história da antropologia.
Claude Lévi-Strauss en los mares del sur. Algunos desencuentros entre estructuralismo y antropología en Argentina
Authors: Viotti Nicolás
Published: March 2022

Resumen La obra de Claude Lévi-Strauss fue traducida de modo pionero y circuló ampliamente en la cultura intelectual argentina de las décadas de 1960 y 1970; sin embargo, sus usos no estuvieron enmarcados en la problemática antropológica en sentido estricto, sino en debates más generales sobre problemas ideológicos dentro de la sociología, el análisis semiótico y el psicoanálisis. Sin descuidar factores específicos como las redes intelectuales y la consolidación particular de campos disciplinares, en este trabajo pretendemos plantear una hipótesis que pone el foco en un orden más general: las relaciones entre la circulación de ideas y prácticas intelectuales con las formas nacionales de asumir la alteridad. En ese sentido, proponemos que la particular circulación y usos de Lévi-Strauss en Argentina, en general alejados del problema de la alteridad realmente existente que atraviesa su obra, permiten reflexionar sobre una relación tensa con la diferencia cultural en la narración nacional dominante.
(Re)aproximando-se e afastando-se da Alemanha: Curt Nimuendajú como parte de redes transnacionais de antropólogos
Authors: Schröder Peter
Published: March 2022

Resumo Na história da antropologia, há vários personagens sobre os quais foi produzida uma bibliografia extensa. Esse também é o caso do etnólogo brasileiro de origem alemã Curt Nimuendajú (1883-1945). Revisitar as diversas narrativas, brasileiras e estrangeiras, sobre sua biografia se justifica, sobretudo quando novos dados empíricos ficam disponíveis. Que Nimuendajú cultivava numerosos contatos com pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros é um fato amplamente conhecido, no entanto vale a pena lançar um outro olhar para as redes transnacionais de antropólogos das quais ele fazia parte e ver como elas estruturaram suas atividades de pesquisador e colecionador. Neste artigo, são analisadas três dessas redes em ordem cronológica (tendo Theodor Koch-Grünberg e Emilie Snethlage, Fritz Krause e Otto Reche, e Robert Lowie e Julian Steward como os principais interlocutores, respectivamente). Fica patente que a formação, o abandono e a transformação delas refletem, num tipo de microcosmo, as transformações no cenário da antropologia brasileira na primeira metade do século XX, com seu afastamento paulatino da etnologia alemã, abrindo-se para os diálogos com a antropologia cultural norte-americana.
A mediação seletiva de Herbert Baldus entre etnologia alemã e antropologia brasileira
Authors: Correa Sílvio Marcus de Souza
Published: March 2022

Resumo Radicado em São Paulo desde o início da década de 1930, Herbert Baldus atuou em várias frentes no emergente campo das ciências sociais no Brasil, no qual procurou manter viva a tradição de americanistas alemães. Além do ensino e da pesquisa, o professor de etnologia da Escola de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo promoveu o trabalho de seus conterrâneos por meio de traduções e publicações. Acontece que alguns americanistas alemães, como Walter Krickeberg e Fritz Krause, estiveram envolvidos com o nazismo entre 1933 e 1944. A análise da correspondência em alemão de Baldus revela algumas ambiguidades em sua deontologia, notadamente nas suas escolhas para a divulgação científica, e oferece uma nova perspectiva sobre a sua contribuição para a antropologia brasileira do seu tempo.
Shōgorō Tsuboi e o início da antropologia japonesa
Authors: Reis Silvia
Published: March 2022

Resumo Shōgorō Tsuboi é considerado o principal fundador da antropologia japonesa, desenhando seu escopo inicial, promovendo e norteando a criação de uma comunidade científica antropológica. Assim, neste artigo, a trajetória de Tsuboi é analisada, buscando compreender o início da antropologia no Japão. A atuação de Tsuboi também reflete o contexto social e político da época, construindo uma carreira em meio ao tão buscado diálogo com a academia ocidental e o recrudescimento da agenda nacionalista do Estado japonês.