bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is associated with the effect of claudin-6 in breast cancer
Authors: Guo Yaxiong , Xu Xiaoming , Liu Zhijing , Zhang Ting , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Liping , Wang Min , Liu Yuanyuan , Lu Yan , Liu Yunpeng , Quan Chengshi
Published: August 2012

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated that claudin-6 functions as a cancer suppressor in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The growth inhibitory effect could be attributed to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The purpose of the current study was to examine the involvement of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in the anticancer effect of claudin-6.

Methods

Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the ASK1 protein expression and the correlation between ASK1, claudin-6 and clinicopathological features in 85 samples of breast invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). Western blotting and RT-PCR was carried out to examine the expression of ASK1 and claudin-6 in MCF-7 cell clones transfected with claudin-6.

Results

Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ASK1 expression was significantly related with that of claudin-6 in breast invasive ductal carcinomas (
P
< 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation between ASK1 and C-erb B 2 protein expression was identified (
P
< 0.05). Western blotting and RT-PCR consistently revealed that the level of ASK1 protein and mRNA was upregulated in MCF-7 cell clones transfected with claudin-6.

Conclusions

Our data suggests, for the first time, that the ASK1 signal may play a positive role in the inhibitory effect of claudin-6 in breast cancer.

Virtual Slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1200314318763661
Canine mesenchymal stem cells are effectively labeled with silica nanoparticles and unambiguously visualized in highly autofluorescent tissues
Authors: Han Sei-Myoung , Lee Hee-Woo , Bhang Dong-Ha , Seo Kyoung-Won , Youn Hwa-Young
Published: August 2012

Background

Development of a method for long-term labeling of cells is critical to elucidate transplanted cell fate and migration as well as the contribution to tissue regeneration. Silica nanoparticles have been recently developed and demonstrated to be biocompatible with a high labeling capacity. Thus, our study was designed to assess the suitability of silica nanoparticles for labeling canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the fluorescence afficiency in highly autofluorescent tissue.

Results

We examined the effect of silica nanoparticle labeling on stem cell morphology, viability and differentiation as compared with those of unlabeled control cells. After 4 h of incubation with silica nanoparticles, they were internalized by canine MSCs without a change in the morphology of cells compared with that of control cells. The viability and proliferation of MSCs labeled with silica nanoparticles were evaluated by a WST-1 assay and trypan blue exclusion. No effects on cell viability were observed, and the proliferation of canine MSCs was not inhibited during culture with silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of silica nanoparticle-labeled canine MSCs was at a similar level compared with that of unlabeled cells, indicating that silica nanoparticle labeling did not alter the differentiation capacity of canine MSCs. Silica nanoparticle-labeled canine MSCs were injected into the kidneys of BALB/c mice after celiotomy, and then the mice were sacrificed after 2 or 3 weeks. The localization of injected MSCs was closely examined in highly autofluorescent renal tissues. Histologically, canine MSCs were uniformly and completely labeled with silica nanoparticles, and were unambiguously imaged in histological sections.

Conclusions

The results of the current study showed that silica nanoparticles are useful as an effective labeling marker for MSCs, which can elucidate the distribution and fate of transplanted MSCs.
Left pulmonary artery banding to repair ipsilateral diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Hirata Takuya , Akagi Kentaro , Baba Shiro , Tsurumi Fumitoshi , Nakata Tomohiro , Ikeda Tadashi , Doi Hiraku
Published: August 2012

Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare disease which causes hypoxemia by shunting deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery into pulmonary venous return. Lung transplantation is the most effective therapy to treat severe, diffuse PAVF. However, the availability of lungs for transplantation is limited in most parts in the world. For patients with diffuse PAVF affecting only one side of the lungs, ipsilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is an effective treatment, but not yet standard of care. We report successful treatment of a patient with diffuse left-sided PAVF with PAB. We believe that PAB is an effective therapy for severe unilateral PAVF and may serve as a bridge to lung transplantation.
Balancing speed and accuracy of polyclonal T cell activation: a role for extracellular feedback
Authors: Savir Yonatan , Waysbort Nir , Antebi Yaron E , Tlusty Tsvi , Friedman Nir
Published: August 2012

Background

Extracellular feedback is an abundant module of intercellular communication networks, yet a detailed understanding of its role is still lacking. Here, we study interactions between polyclonal activated T cells that are mediated by IL-2 extracellular feedback as a model system.

Results

Using mathematical modeling we show that extracellular feedback can give rise to opposite outcomes: competition or cooperation between interacting T cells, depending on their relative levels of activation. Furthermore, the outcome of the interaction also depends on the relative timing of activation of the cells. A critical time window exists after which a cell that has been more strongly activated nevertheless cannot exclude an inferior competitor.

Conclusions

In a number of experimental studies of polyclonal T-cell systems, outcomes ranging from cooperation to competition as well as time dependent competition were observed. Our model suggests that extracellular feedback can contribute to these observed behaviors as it translates quantitative differences in T cells’ activation strength and in their relative activation time into qualitatively different outcomes. We propose extracellular feedback as a general mechanism that can balance speed and accuracy – choosing the most suitable responders out of a polyclonal population under the clock of an escalating threat.
Structural confirmation of oligosaccharides newly isolated from sugar beet molasses
Authors: Abe Tatsuya , Horiuchi Kenichi , Kikuchi Hiroto , Aritsuka Tsutomu , Takata Yusuke , Fukushi Eri , Fukushi Yukiharu , Kawabata Jun , Ueno Keiji , Onodera Shuichi , Shiomi Norio
Published: August 2012

Background

Sugar beet molasses is a viscous by-product of the processing of sugar beets into sugar. The molasses is known to contain sucrose and raffinose, a typical trisaccharide, with a well-established structure. Although sugar beet molasses contains various other oligosaccharides as well, the structures of those oligosaccharides have not been examined in detail. The purpose of this study was isolation and structural confirmation of these other oligosaccharides found in sugar beet molasses.

Results

Four oligosaccharides were newly isolated from sugar beet molasses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carbon-Celite column chromatography. Structural confirmation of the saccharides was provided by methylation analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionaization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements.

Conclusion

The following oligosaccharides were identified in sugar beet molasses: β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <-> 1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (named β-planteose), α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 1)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <-> 1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (named1-planteose), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 <-> 2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (theanderose), and β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 3)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 <-> 2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (laminaribiofructose). 1-planteose and laminaribiofructose were isolated from natural sources for the first time.
Molecular markers associated with outcome and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Van den Broeck Anke , Vankelecom Hugo , Van Eijsden Rudy , Govaere Olivier , Topal Baki
Published: August 2012

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a heterogeneous cancer in which differences in survival rates might be related to a variety in gene expression profiles. Although the molecular biology of PDAC begins to be revealed, genes or pathways that specifically drive tumour progression or metastasis are not well understood.

Methods

We performed microarray analyses on whole-tumour samples of 2 human PDAC subpopulations with similar clinicopathological features, but extremely distinct survival rates after potentially curative surgery, i.e. good outcome (OS and DFS > 50 months, n = 7)versusbad outcome (OS < 19 months and DFS < 7 months, n = 10). Additionally, liver- and peritoneal metastases were analysed and compared to primary cancer tissue (n = 11).

Results

The integrin and ephrin receptor families were upregulated in all PDAC samples, irrespective of outcome, supporting an important role of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the surrounding desmoplastic reaction in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, some components such asITGB1andEPHA2were upregulated in PDAC samples with a poor outcome, Additionally, overexpression of the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT genes in PDAC samples with badversusgood outcome suggests their contribution to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer, withβ-cateninbeing also highly upregulated in metastatic tissue.

Conclusions

Components of the integrin and ephrin pathways and EMT related genes, might serve as molecular markers in pancreatic cancer as their expression seems to be related with prognosis.
Gene functionalities and genome structure in Bathycoccus prasinos reflect cellular specializations at the base of the green lineage
Authors: Moreau Hervé , Verhelst Bram , Couloux Arnaud , Derelle Evelyne , Rombauts Stephane , Grimsley Nigel , Van Bel Michiel , Poulain Julie , Katinka Michaël , Hohmann-Marriott Martin F , Piganeau Gwenael , Rouzé Pierre , Da Silva Corinne , Wincker Patrick , Van de Peer Yves , Vandepoele Klaas
Published: August 2012

Background

Bathycoccus prasinos is an extremely small cosmopolitan marine green alga whose cells are covered with intricate spider's web patterned scales that develop within the Golgi cisternae before their transport to the cell surface. The objective of this work is to sequence and analyze its genome, and to present a comparative analysis with other known genomes of the green lineage.

Research

Its small genome of 15 Mb consists of 19 chromosomes and lacks transposons. Although 70% of all B. prasinos genes share similarities with other Viridiplantae genes, up to 428 genes were probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer, mainly from other eukaryotes. Two chromosomes, one big and one small, are atypical, an unusual synapomorphic feature within the Mamiellales. Genes on these atypical outlier chromosomes show lower GC content and a significant fraction of putative horizontal gene transfer genes. Whereas the small outlier chromosome lacks colinearity with other Mamiellales and contains many unknown genes without homologs in other species, the big outlier shows a higher intron content, increased expression levels and a unique clustering pattern of housekeeping functionalities. Four gene families are highly expanded in B. prasinos, including sialyltransferases, sialidases, ankyrin repeats and zinc ion-binding genes, and we hypothesize that these genes are associated with the process of scale biogenesis.

Conclusion

The minimal genomes of the Mamiellophyceae provide a baseline for evolutionary and functional analyses of metabolic processes in green plants.
Multiscale matched-field processing for noise-source localization in exploration geophysics
Authors: Corciulo Margherita , Roux Philippe , Campillo Michel , Dubucq Dominique , Kuperman W. A.
Published: August 2012

In the study, we investigate the use of ambient-noise data to locate microseismic sources at the exploration scale. We develop a multiscale matched-field processing (MFP) approach to localize seismic sources at frequencies below 10 Hz. An application to an actual data set acquired over a hydrocarbon field is presented to determine the reliability of the MFP procedure. The data used were continuously recorded over five days, at a total of 397 stations on a 1-km-per-side square seismic network. The MFP results show: (1) a dominant and stable surface source associated with human activities (road and exploration platforms) around the reservoir; and (2) weaker sources at depth below the seismic network that are related to the injection/extraction process.
Damage - Control Surgery in Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Clay Nigel , Jewell Jonathan
Published: August 2012

Picture the scenario: late on Saturday night you are phoned by your registrar who is in accident and emergency (A&E). The patient is a 24-year-old intoxicated male who has fallen off 30-foot-high scaffolding outside a nightclub in town. He has a severe open tibial fracture on the left leg, which is bleeding torrentially at the site of the accident. Paramedics have applied a military-style tourniquet.
Gp Diagnostics and Splint Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis
Authors: Povlsen B , Raymond AC
Published: August 2012

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (TMCJ OA) are common problems in the UK. Given the current financial climate, it is particularly important to improve cost effectiveness and avoid unnecessary patient referrals to the more expensive secondary care services. This could be achieved by initial management of these conditions in the primary care setting. For this to be possible, GPs must be able to make a reliable clinical diagnosis for these conditions. To our knowledge there are no studies that evaluate the reliability of GPs when making clinical diagnoses of CTS and TMCJ OA.
Acute Hand Trauma Services: Have Things Changed in Seven Years?
Authors: Hussain A , Sen S , Walker R , Barabas T , Skillman  , Fleming A
Published: August 2012

Hand trauma predominantly affects the young working population. It results in significant disability and has considerable cost implications for the individual and for society through time away from work. Hand injuries account for more than 1.36 million accident and emergency department (A&E) attendances each year in the UK, with an estimated 2,425/500,000 population requiring specialist care every year.
L'entente chirurgicale
Authors: Branford Olivier Alexandre
Published: August 2012

On 23 May 2012, a group of representatives from the Council of the RCS travelled to Paris for a meeting with the Académie Nationale de Chirurgie (ANC), the oldest surgical institution in France.
College launches new website
Authors: Müller Marius
Published: August 2012

Over the last year, the RCS has worked hard to develop a worldclass online experience and website. we have collaborated with a specialist developer, Skyron (www.skyron.co.uk), and a group of exceptionally talented and dedicated people from within the College to provide you with a new website that is fit for the 21st century.
Professor Michael Bailey receives Legion d'honneur
Authors: Bennett Katie
Published: August 2012

In the magnificent setting of the Élysée Palace in Paris, then-President Nicolas Sarkozy presented Professor Michael Bailey with a Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Légion d'honneur medallion. The award, given in recognition of his pioneering work in the field of laparoscopic surgery, was one of the first to be awarded to a British healthcare professional.
PLG campaign to protect the job title 'surgeon'
Authors: Bennett Katie
Published: August 2012

Over the summer, the Patient Liaison Group (PLG) at the College commissioned a poll in order to gain an understanding of the public perception of the word 'surgeon' and the expectations that accompany this title in terms of education and training. Having been concerned for some time that there is a lack of clarity regarding job titles in the health sector – with no legal restrictions on who can be called a 'surgeon' – the PLG are campaigning for the job title of 'surgeon' to be protected by law, in the same way that 'dentist','dental surgeon' and 'dental practitioner' are currently protected by the 1984 Dentists Act, so that only those who have qualified as a medical doctor and undertaken postgraduate surgical training can use the title. The campaign caught the imagination of the press and received widespread coverage.
The Strange case of the two Wootton Reports: what can we learn about the evidence–policy relationship?
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: August 2012

The contrasting careers of two government-sponsored commissions of inquiry in the late 1960s are the focus of this paper, which examines what can be learnt from them about the impact, or lack of impact, of such bodies on policy making. The Wootton Report on cannabis, published in 1968, had its recommendations rejected by the government that had sponsored it. The Wootton Report on alternatives to prison, published in 1970, resulted in speedy changes to the law, which had the effect of introducing the penalty of community service in Britain for the first time. The paper looks at the short- and long-term impact of the two reports, and at factors that may have accounted for the different receptions they received from politicians and policy makers.
A collaborative approach to defining the usefulness of impact: lessons from a knowledge exchange project involving academics and social work practitioners
Authors: Wilkinson Heather , Gallagher Michael , Smith Mark
Published: August 2012

This paper reports on a knowledge exchange project involving academics and practitioners in six local authority social work departments. It contributes to recent debates about the coproduction of knowledge, presenting findings in three key areas: the importance of relationships for knowledge exchange; ‘what works’ for practitioners engaging with academics; and the value of practitioner research for enabling knowledge exchange. It also considers the assessment of ‘impact’ against the shifting landscape of the Research Excellence Framework, arguing that academic and performance management notions of impact and research quality risk eclipsing the perspectives of research users.
Ground: The advent of telluric architecture
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: August 2012

Ground begins with the provisional premise that our environments are composed of a multiplicity of grounds, but are generally unforeseen since they arise with the emergence of the species that forms them. Ground and species are one. Through an understanding that objects cannot be fully
explained in terms of their material constituents and the energy within them, objects seem to be something over and above the material components that make them up, but at the same time this can be expressed only through the organization of matter and energy. We can also distinguish that different
participants have different umvelten, even though they share the same environment. This paradox enables architecture practices to go beyond shaping geometry, to shaping the internal structure of material. Two abandoned jetties, in the River Thames in London, are used as the context for this
investigation. This enquiry considers the jetties as a harbinger for a more meaningful ecology we can somehow tune into through our manual, digital and biological technologies.
Book Reviews
Authors: Dennis Rob , Patti Lisa , Roe Bella Honess
Published: August 2012

Indie: An American Film Culture, Michael Z. Newman, (2011) New York: Columbia University Press, 304pp., ISBN: 978-0-231-14465-0 (pbk), £18.50, ISBN: 978-0- 231-14464-3 (hbk), £55.00

World Cinemas, Transnational Perspectives, Nataša Durovicová and Kathleen
Newman (eds), (2010) New York: Routledge, 384 pp., ISBN: 9780415976541 (pbk), $37.95

100 Documentary Films, Barry Keith Grant and Jim Hillier, (2009) London: BFI, 266pp., ISBN: 978-1-844572649 (pbk), £12.99
‘Comment rester vivant avec ce qui est mort en nous?’ L’amitié et la promesse chez Wajdi Mouawad
Authors: Campmas Aude
Published: August 2012

This article examines the representation of the monstrous family in the work of Wajdi Mouawad, and the strategies put in place by the plays' protagonists to escape it. The transgression of familial links, a consequence of a state of war, is a central motif of his tetralogy: such transgression
may take the form, for example, of rape, incest, patricide and fratricide. The protagonists of Mouawad's plays, children of war, have inherited a genealogy of blood. The family is cursed: it symbolizes violence, a savage world, a primitive state. It is a monster, where promises of solidarity
and fraternity are not kept. To escape the hell of the family-in-war and the weight of inheritance, the protagonists must find or create other kinds of inter-personal connections. And such connections exist in two modes: friendship and promises. These journeys towards the other, consubstantial
with self-knowledge, allow broken connections to be reconstructed, and long-dead, long-forgotten people to be rediscovered and remembered. Such journeys are complex and diverse, but they allow new modes of understanding, forgiveness and, above all, of rebuilding communities. Le Sang des promesses
(2009b) tells us that in spite of a child-hood fractured, injured, betrayed and disconsolate, we are still constructed in and by dialogue.
Être ce qui ne se dit pas: negotiating a gay identity in Abdellah Taïa’s Une Mélancolie arabe
Authors: Smith Sophie Catherine
Published: August 2012

This article looks at the debate surrounding homosexuality in the Maghreb, and analyzes Abdellah Taa's Une Mlancolie arabe (2008). It draws on masculinity theory to examine the process of asserting a gay identity in the context of a society where the existence of such an identity is
often denied. It argues that there is little discursive space in which the protagonist can express a gay identity in the way 'gay' is understood in the West, and considers the difficulty in asserting such an identity in a cultural setting where there is such denial. The article contends that
Une Mlancolie arabe questions the ontological security of understandings of homosexuality between men in Muslim-influenced countries, and asserts that the novel challenges the current gender order and attempts to forge a 'gay' identity.
Between 'porte-parole' and 'porte-mémoire': Assia Djebar's cinematic voice in the Maghreb
Authors: Salhi Zahia Smail
Published: August 2012

This article studies the roles of women as guardians of cultural heritage and national identity, which they preserve and transmit to the younger generations. While their role as 'porte-mmoire' has been recognized as key to preserving national identity, their story as warriors is sacrificed.
This study argues that this sacrifice was made in order to uphold male honour as the guardians and defenders of the nation, and to hide the story of rape in colonial prisons, which signifies a direct assault on male honour. Assia Djebar's novels and films position her as the woman who can
now write about those who could not, as the 'porte-parole' who worked to eternalize the story that orality failed to transmit. The analysis of La Nouba des femmes du mont Chenoua (1978) shows how Djebar creates a space for voices to be heard, as she defeats the eternal silence which threatens
the existence of her women compatriots.
Schizophrenic Island, fifty years after Fanon: Martinique, the pent-up 'paradise'
Authors: Miles William F. S.
Published: August 2012

Although Frantz Fanon did not employ the term as such, the contemporary paradigm of 'social suffering' captures much of the angst that Fanon diagnosed in his treatments of fellow Martinicans as individuals and of Martinique as a society. Ambivalent relationships based on race (French
whites vis-à-vis islanders 'of colour') and law (assimilationist statehood versus regional autonomy) continue to problematize Martinican society and polity. This is despite significant material gains (now in question as a result of looming austerity in the French economy) made in the
half-century since Fanon's original diagnoses in Black Skin, White Masks (1952). Pierre Bourdieu's 'everyday life' methodology is joined to psychological analyses of Martinican behaviour to reveal schizophrenic tendencies in the mind and body politic. An overarching frame is the contrast between
an externally sold image of island 'paradise' with a political and psychological reality fraught with frustration, anxiety, stress and contradiction. Understanding of French West Indian politics, culture and society is heightened by reference to the specialized literature of medical anthropology,
psychiatric health and public health in postcolonial societies.
The Ruko: Changing Appearances and Associations of Shophouses in Urban Indonesia
Authors: Kusno Abidin
Published: August 2012

This article explores the meanings of Chinese shophouses (known as ruko) within the dynamic socio-political and historical contexts of Indonesia. It argues that in order to fully understand this building type, it is necessary to move beyond its architectural characteristics or building
typology and engage with the discourses of social perception and meaning production that define the thriving urban environment in Indonesia. Attentive to shifts in meanings across time, it shows how the structure of the ruko serves initially as a catalyst for political repression, then becomes
a basis for economic recovery and finally serves as a site for identity formation. The article ultimately argues that studies of a building type should be more attentive to the negotiated relationship between architecture and identity and to the socio-political and cultural contestations within
which the built environment is located.
Artificial Islands versus Natural Reefs: The Environmental Cost of Development in Dubai
Authors: Rutz Kerry
Published: August 2012

While coral communities world-wide are currently threatened by a wide variety of factors, Persian Gulf corals are especially fragile due to human-caused factor sranging from oil spills, industrial thermal and substance effluents and military actions, as well as harsh environmental factors
such as high salinity, extreme water temperatures and tidal action. In the United Arab Emirates, Dubai’s renowned real-estate boom has especially compromised formerly protected coral communities with the construction and development of the largest artificial islands in the world.Environmental
protests have helped call attention to the tragedy, but much more proactive protection is necessary to ensure the survival and health of these endangered coral reef habitats.
Vakfiye and Inscriptions: An Interpretation of the Written Records of the Atik Valide Mosque Complex
Authors: Kayaalp Pinar
Published: August 2012

Large-scale imperial endowments symbolized the munificence and permanence of the Ottoman Empire. They not only provided religious and social services for the communities built around them, but also served as effective instruments affirming a political ideology and projecting a desired
image directly from the imperial centre. A textual analysis of the endowment deed (vakfiye) and epigraphic programme of the Atik Valide Mosque Complex commissioned by Nurbanu, the Queen Mother of Sultan Murad III, reveals the ideology espoused by the state at the time. On one level, the vakfiye
affirms that the shift of the Ottoman polity from an expansionary to a sedentary one was a welcome and necessary step for the perpetuation of the empire. On another level, the images of Nurbanu and her son Murad were carefully constructed to rebuff criticism from those who argued that the
mismanagement, corruption and factionalism of Murad and his court were putting the very existence of the Ottoman state into jeopardy. In these documents, Nurbanu emerges as an exemplary queen mother, pious and generous in nature, committed to the well-being of her son's subjects, while Murad
is hailed as the quintessential caliph, capable of both upholding the tenets of Islam and preserving the integrity of the temporal Ottoman domain. As such, the Atik Valide Mosque Complex served at once as a clarion of the positive changes the imperial dynasty had initiated and as a nexus of
extensive social services provided by the Queen Mother to aid her subjects who were feeling the combined strains of inflation, food shortages, social unrest and protracted wars.
Book Reviews
Authors: Simonowitz David , Power Timothy , Lamprakos Michele , Marashi Afshin , Steele James , Çakmak Gülru , Mitchell Colin
Published: August 2012

THE FUNDAMENTALIST CITY? RELIGIOSITY AND THE REMAKING OF URBAN SPACE, NEZAR AL SAYYAD AND MEJGAN MASSOUMI (EDS), (2011) London and New York: Routledge, 316 pp., 17 b/w illus., ISBN 9780415779364, $53.95 (paper)

MANAH. AN OMANI OASIS, AN ARABIAN LEGACY: ARCHITECTURE AND SOCIAL
HISTORY OF AN OMANI SETTLEMENT, S. BANDYOPADHYAY, (2011) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 300 pp., 200 colour illus., 150 b/w illus., ISBN 9781846311215, $60.00 (cloth)

LIVING IN HISTORIC CAIRO: PAST AND PRESENT IN AN ISLAMIC CITY, FARHAD DAFTARY, ELIZABETH FERNEA AND AZIM
NANJI ( EDS), (2010) London: Azimuth Editions in association with the Institute for Ismaili Studies and the University of Washington Press, 300 pp., 120 illus., DVD, ISBN 9781898592280, $60.00 (cloth)

BUILDING IRAN: MODERNISM, ARCHITECTURE, AND NATIONAL HERITAGE UNDER THE PAHLAVIS,
TALINN GRIGOR, (2009) New York: Periscope Publishing, 237 pp., 156 colour illus., ISBN 9781934772782, $55.00 (cloth)

HASSAN FATHY AND CONTINUITY IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE: THE BIRTH OF A NEW MODERN, AHMAD HAMID, (2010) Cairo and New York: American University in Cairo Press, 205 pp.,
117 illus., 13 colour plates, ISBN 9789774163418, $39.95 (cloth)

THE POETICS AND POLITICS OF PLACE: OOMAN IS TANBUL AND BRITISH ORIENTALISM, ZEYNEP İNANKUR, REINA LEWIS AND MARY OBERTS (EDS), (2011) Istanbul: Pera Museum Publications, 288 pp., 120 colour illus., ISBN 9780295991108,
$60.00 (cloth)

THE SAFAVID DYNASIC SHRINE: ARCHITECTURE, RELIGION AND POWER IN EARLY MODERN IRAN, KISHWAR RIZVI, (2011) London: I.B. Tauris, 269 pp., 88 b/w illus., ISBN 9781848853546, $84.00 (cloth)
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Kurd Nadia , Cantone Cleo
Published: August 2012

'MAGIC SQUARES: THE PATTERNED IMAGINATION OF MUSLIM AFRICA IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURE', TEXTILE MUSEUM OF CANADA, MAY 18-NOVEMBER 20, 2011

'HAJJ: JOURNEY TO THE HEART OF ISLAM', BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, JANUARY 26-APRIL 15, 2012
Conference Precis
Authors: Bertram Carel , Jelidi Charlotte
Published: August 2012

'The Spatial Turn in Middle East Studies: Interdisciplinary Methods and Approaches', Round table at the Annual Meeting of the Middle Studies Association, Washington DC, December 3, 2011

'NORTH AFRICAN CITIESIN THE COLONIAL ERA (NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES): URBANISM, ARCHITECTURE,
HERITAGE. HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVISIONS BASED ON THE ARCHIVES', A CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY L'INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE SUR LE MAGHREB CONTEMPORAIN (IRMC), HELD IN SIDI BOU SAïD, TUNISIA, FEBRUARY 10–11, 2012
REVIEWS
Authors: Royal Derek Parker , Abrams Rachel , Lightman Sarah , Murray Chris , Cortsen Rikke Platz , Hague Ian
Published: August 2012

African-American Classics, Tom Pomplun and Lance Tooks (eds) (2011) Mount Horeb, WI: Eureka Productions, 144 pp., $17.95. Paperback ISBN 9780982563045

The Silence of Our Friends, Mark Long, Jim Demonakos and Nate Powell (2012) New York: First Second, 201 pp., $16.99.
Paperback ISBN 9781596436183

The Graphic Details Symposium, at the Center for Jewish History, New York City, 26 February 2012

Graphic Women: Life Narrative & Contemporary Comics, Hillary L. Chute (2010) New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 297 pp., £18.50.
Paperback ISBN: 9780231150620

1001 Comics You Must Read Before You Die, Paul Gravett (ed.) (2010) Cassell Illustrated/Quintessence Editions Ltd, 960pp., £20. ISBN: 97884403698

Grant Morrison - Combining the Worlds of Contemporary Comics, Marc Singer (2012) Jackson: University
Press of Mississippi, 323 pp., $25. PaperbackISBN: 9781617031366

First International Conference on Comics and Graphic Novels: Sites of Visual and Textual Innovation, Instituto Franklin-UAH, Alcalá de Henares, Spain, 9–12 November 2011
Nouvelle manga and cinema
Authors: Trifonova Temenuga
Published: August 2012

This article argues that drawing in comics is, fundamentally, a narrative process. Thus, the turn in comics away from the literary, towards the visual arts (especially cinema) has also been a result of comic artists aligning their visual aesthetics with new innovative narratives: the
visual turn is not merely a rejection of the literary or textual aspect of comics but a readjustment to new non-sequential narratives (like those of the nouvelle vague). Only in this way can we explain the paradox that nouvelle manga's self-proclaimed interest in storytelling over illustration
does not seem to fit with the general critical agreement about a 'visual turn' in comics since the early 1990s. To call nouvelle manga 'cinematic', then, is to refer not only to particular visual techniques that we have come to associate with cinema, but also to a particular type of storytelling
characteristic of the nouvelle vague and of Japanese cinema. There are undeniable similarities between nouvelle vague's episodic narrative structure and what David Desser calls 'the classical paradigm' of Japanese cinema, best exemplified by Ozu's films whose narrational mode Desser compares
to Kabuki plays and Japanese novels. Ozu's films disrupt narrative linearity, stress spatial manipulations, rely on temporal ellipsis, employ an episodic structure and avoid climactic moments to explore the mundaneness of daily life. Frédéric Boilet, author of the Nouvelle Manga
manifesto, wanted nouvelle manga to use the everyday stories of Japanese manga to counterbalance the excessive emphasis on illustration he found in French BD. Paradoxically, however, the incorporation of everyday stories does not result in a greater emphasis on storytelling; just the opposite:
in fact, nouvelle manga's loose, episodic narrative or lack of narrative has served to refocus attention on the visual plane.
I Walk the Line: A Popular Termite Activity Revisited
Authors: Matthews Robert W. , Matthews Janice R.
Published: August 2012

Since 1968, biologists have known that termites line up and follow some ballpoint ink lines but not others. Suggestions for class lessons based on this observation have become widespread. However, many of these are incomplete, superficial, conflicting, and/or occasionally inaccurate, and most provide only simple demonstrations or cookbook-style confirmations. Here, we provide added background for this activity to update, clarify, and expand it. Some ways to use termite trail-following to teach fundamental life and physical science concepts through hands-on inquiry are presented, based on our experience with university students and teachers. These activities, adaptable to many instructional levels, range in scope from a single laboratory session to extended investigation.
Introducing Environmental Toxicology in Instructional Labs: The Use of a Modified Amphibian Developmental Toxicity Assay to Support Inquiry-Based Student Projects
Authors: Sauterer Roger , Rayburn James R.
Published: August 2012

Introducing students to the process of scientific inquiry is a major goal of high school and college labs. Environmental toxins are of great concern and public interest. Modifications of a vertebrate developmental toxicity assay using the frog Xenopus laevis can support student-initiated toxicology experiments that are relevant to humans. Teams of students formulate hypotheses, perform experiments, analyze data, and present their results. By performing experiments to investigate the toxicity of household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, or agricultural chemicals, students will gain an appreciation of the environmental effects of improper disposal of common chemicals and industrial or agricultural run-off.
Clay Caterpillars: A Tool for Ecology & Evolution Laboratories
Authors: Barber Nicholas A.
Published: August 2012

I present a framework for ecology and evolution laboratory exercises using artificial caterpillars made from modeling clay. Students generate and test hypotheses about predation rates on caterpillars that differ in appearance or “behavior” to understand how natural selection by predators shapes distribution and physical characteristics of organisms.
Can You Build It? Using Manipulatives to Assess Student Understanding of Food-Web Concepts
Authors: Grumbine Richard
Published: August 2012

This article outlines an exercise that assesses student knowledge of food-web and energy-flow concepts. Students work in teams and use manipulatives to build food-web models based on criteria assigned by the instructor. The models are then peer reviewed according to guidelines supplied by the instructor.
Can We Teach Proactive Turtle Conservation in Our Classrooms?
Authors: Sellers L. George , Lee David S.
Published: August 2012

The opportunities for meaningful classroom learning activities are everywhere. In this article, we explain some of the little known, widespread, horrific issues associated with one aspect of the pet trade. By the time they reach high school age, many students have personally experienced the end result of the deplorable business practices on which the commercial exploitation of pet turtles has developed. We provide suggestions for student-based activities that will draw local attention and provide solutions to the issues. These, in turn, could lead to broader resolution of the problem.
The Biltmore Forest School: Poking Back into an Extraordinary Time
Authors: Lee David S.
Published: August 2012

Our nation’s first school of forestry operated in the early 1900s, when states were still being admitted to the union, and the motor car and typewriter had just been introduced to the American public. In the previous century, timber operations had slashed their way through forests with the simple policy of “cut and get out.” To farmers, trees were obstacles to plows. The popular writings of Aldo Leopold describing the concepts of forest stewardship and the organization of natural communities would not appear for another four decades.
Data Explorations in Ecology: Salt Pollution as a Case Study for Teaching Data Literacy
Authors: Harris Cornelia , Berkowitz Alan R. , Alvarado Angelita
Published: August 2012

Does working with first- and second-hand ecological data improve students’ knowledge of ecological ideas, motivation and engagement in science, data exploration, and citizenship skills (students’ ability to make informed decisions)? We have been exploring this question with high school science teachers in New York State for the past year using a framework that targets key concepts and skills in data exploration. Here, we share one curriculum unit as a model for integrating quantitative reasoning skills into the ecology classroom.
Estudo anátomo-patológico do encéfalo na cardiomegalia idiopática
Authors: Queiroz Aristides Cheto de , Ramos Eduardo Antonio Gonçalves
Published: August 2012

No estudo dos encéfalos de 38 pacientes que faleceram em decorrência de complicações cardíacas da CMI, os principais achados estão representados por infartos cerebrais (10,5%) e atrofia cerebral (7,9%), este último correspondendo a 3 casos de indivíduos com idade superior a 65 anos. As alterações histológicas foram inespecíficas. representadas por alterações isquêmicas de neurônios, satelitose e tumefaçâo endotelial de vasos da córtex cerebral, lesões estas que podem ser explicadas como decorrentes dos fenômenos anóxicos da ICC. Aspecto interessante foi observado quando do confonto destes dados com aqueles observados no estudo dos encéfalos de casos da forma crônica cardíaca da doença de Chagas. De um modo geral as alterações observadas são muito semelhantes exceto pela freqüência com que ocorre. Na doença de Chagas a atrofia cerebral foi mais freqüente ocorrendo numa faixa etária mais baixa em relação ao que foi visto na CMI. Este dado sugere que a atrofia cerebral do chagásico crônico depende não só dos fenômenos anóxicos da ICC, mas também de um outro fator a ser esclarecido ulteriormente.
Reversão de deficits neurológicos fixos após anastomose arterial extra-intracraniana
Authors: Brandt Reynaldo A. , Settani Flávio P.
Published: August 2012

Quatro pacientes selecionados que apresentaram deficits neurológicos fixos por 3 a 5 semanas conseqüentes a ictos cerebrais completos foram submetidos a anastomose arterial extra-intracraniana. O estudo angiográfico mostrou oclusão da artéria carótida interna em um caso e da artéria cerebral média nos demais. Em todos havia circulação colateral para o território da artéria ocluida. Todos apresentaram recuperação acentuada do déficit neurológico, a partir das primeiras horas após a cirurgia em 3 casos e dos primeiros dias em outro. A presença de circulação colateral para o território de uma artéria cerebral ocluida e responsável por deficits neurológicos fixos pode ser considerada útil na seleção de pacientes para anastomose arterial extra-intracraniana.
Meningeoma intraventricular: registro de um caso
Authors: Moraes Jr. Lamartine C. de , Haddad Fahd , Wanderley Eliana C. F. O. , Maciel Damacio R. Kaimen , Ribeiro José I. C.
Published: August 2012

É registrado um caso de meningeoma localizado no ventrículo lateral direito, submetido a tratamento cirúrgico com remoção do processo, obtendo bom resultado. Os autores justificam o relato pela infrequência do mesmo, revendo alguns aspectos da literatura.
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Authors: Barreira Amilton Antunes , Lison Michel Pierre , Fernandes Alfredo Leboreiro
Published: August 2012

De um grupo de 66 pacientes com sindrome de Lennox Gastaut, 15 apresentaram as primeiras manifestações clinicas após os 6 anos de idade. Desses, 12 foram acompanhados durante o período médio de 2 anos e 6 meses, com avaliações neurológicas a intervalos de cerca de 2 meses. A revisão das publicações pertinentes permitiu estabelecer que em 20% das casuisticas apreciadas a sindrome de Lennox-Gastaut se inicia após o 6° ano de vida. As avaliações clinicas permitiram verificar que nosos pacientes apresentaram incidência de lesões neurológicas graves precedendo a instalação da síndrome por vários anos. As avaliações psicométricas evidenciaram intenso comprometimento do nível intelectual em contraste com os dados da literatura sobre a síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut de início tardio.
Miopatia por propoxifeno: relato de 2 casos com histoquimica de músculos
Authors: Werneck Lineu Cesar , Rachid Acir , Lozovey João Carlos A.
Published: August 2012

São relatados os casos de dois pacientes sofredores de dores crônicas (um com gota e outro com lombalgia), que desenvolveram o vício pelo dextro-propo-xifeno, administrado por via intramuscular. Isto determinou alterações importantes na musculatura onde eram aplicado as injeções, com endurecimento da pele, edema e diminuição da mobilidade do membro afetado. A investigação revelou miopatia crônica, com intensa fibrose do tecido conjuntivo perimisial e endomisial, com infiltração por células linfomonocitárias; havia também atrofia de fibras musculares nas regiões próximas e fibrose com atividade muito aumentada para a fosfatase alcalina no local das lesões. Eletromiografia em um dos casos sugeria denervação e, no outro, envolvimento muscular primário. A retirada da medicação determinou regressão dos sintomas e sinais, mas o retorno de ambos os pacientes ao hábito, fêz recrudescer o processo. São discutidos os achados clínico-patológicos comparando com outras medicação e agressões físicas que acometendo o tecido muscular, acabam levando o musculo à fibrose. Possivelmente as injeções intramusculares repetidas, a irritação pelo cloridrato de dextro-propoxifeno e a redução da drenagem linfática sejam as causas dos sintomas e alterações patológicas.
Epileptic seizures precipited by eating: a case report
Authors: Sepulveda Fernando Carlos Aleixo , Duro Luiz Antonio Alves , Silva Maria Madalena Cavalcanti da , Leite Silvia Raimunda Costa
Published: August 2012

The case of one 23 year-old girl who had epileptic manifestations is reported. At first, generalized tonic seizures; afterwards, epileptic seizures precipited by eating. The electroencephalograms showed left temporal lobe disfunctions. Different types of drugs were used with no sucess. The best results were obtained by association of sodium valproate, clonazepan and phenobarbital. Comments are made about clinic and etiopathogenesis, believing the authors in the hipothesis of nervous structures chronic hiperactivity. To Walker8 the hiperactivity was reached by hormones production under neural control of specific cerebral centers. The continuous bombardment of epileptic discharges to hypothalamic centers is the probably responsible by epileptic seizures precipited by eating.
Determinação dos níveis plasmáticos do ácido valpróico (ácido dipropilacético) por cromatografia em fase gasosa
Authors: Tsanaclis Lolita M. , Garcia Telma G.
Published: August 2012

Foi padronizado um método de determinação dos níveis plasmáticos do ácido valpróico por cromatografia a gás. Trata-se de método rápido e exato, que evita etapas como evaporação ou derivação. O padrão empregado foi o sal sódico do ácido valpróico em solução aquosa, cuja concentração exata é determinada através de titulação potenciométrica com ácido perclórico. O método foi avaliado, ao se submeter um plasma controle, às condições de análise.
O conceito epicurista de kritêrion vinculado ao de enargeías e de kanôn
Authors: Spinelli Miguel
Published: August 2012

O presente artigo analisa o conceito epicurista de kritêrion dentro dos limites dos escritos remanescentes de Epicuro. Ele busca sondar o que efetivamente Epicuro disse ou quis dizer com esse termo. Dado que o conceito não comparece sozinho, mas vinculado ao de enargeías, kanôn e krísis, então este estudo se ocupa também em analisar essa vinculação.
Indiferencia, ambivalencia y tipos de consentimiento: Agustín en el Scito te Ipsum de Abelardo
Authors: Svensson Manfred
Published: August 2012

Agustín y Abelardo son frecuentemente puestos como modelos antagónicos de una ética de absolutos morales y una centrada en la intención. El presente artículo enfatiza más bien la coincidencia de ambos en dichos puntos, para defender en cambio que difieren en el tipo de acto interior decisivo para la evaluación moral y en la indiferencia o ambivalencia atribuida al acto exterior.
O Pró-Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Paulo: contribuições para institucionalização e integração Universidade/Serviços de Saúde
Authors: Puccini Rosana Fiorini , Gabrielloni Maria Cristina , Ávila Clara Regina Brandão de , Figueiredo Elisabeth Niglio de , Andreazza Rosemarie , Ventura Renato Nabas
Published: August 2012

Em 2001 e 2002, foram editadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o ensino de graduação em Medicina, Enfermagem e Fonoaudiologia, dentre outras profissões da área da saúde, definindo competências e estabelecendo a necessidade de utilização de novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, destacando a importância de se ampliarem as atividades práticas nos serviços de saúde, além do hospital universitário. Mais recentemente, iniciativas como o Promed e o Pró-Saúde foram desencadeadas pelos Ministérios da Educação e da Saúde com o objetivo de induzir mudanças curriculares que incluam a rede de serviços de saúde para desenvolvimento de atividades práticas, sobretudo na atenção básica à saúde. Neste relato de experiência dos projetos Pró-Saúde Medicina, Enfermagem e Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, serão abordadas as principais estratégias que visaram à institucionalização das ações na Universidade e nos serviços de saúde, com o objetivo de garantir sua consolidação e continuidade, assim como os principais desafios, considerando os contextos políticos da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e os modelos de assistência e de gestão adotados.