bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Distribution of dragonflies (Odonata: Insecta) in South Ural lakes, Russia
Authors: MASHKOVA IRINA V. , KRUPNOVA TATYANA G. , KOSTRYUKOVA ANASTASIYA M. , VLASOV NIKITA E.
Published: October 2018

Mashkova IV, Krupnova TG, Kostryukova AM, Vlasov NE. 2018. Short Communication: Distribution of dragonflies (Odonata: Insecta) in South Ural lakes, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 202-207. This paper studies the diversity and distribution of Odonata (Insecta) in the South Urals region lakes such as Lake Large Miassovo, Lake Small Miassovo, Lake Ilmenskoe, Lake Savelkul and Lake Baraus. We revised dragonflies in five lakes during May-September 2014-2016. Dragonflies and larvae were identified up to the species. As results, 36 species (12 Zygoptera and 22 Anisoptera) belonging to 15 genera were recorded. To compare the similarities of dragonfly communities of different lakes we used the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) according the Jaccard index. Comparing the number of records of odonate species for selected lakes in our study, we found that the small richness of species was typical for lakes Savelkul and Baraus (22% and 25% of the total number of species, respectively) and the large values of the species richness was obtained for lakes Small Miassovo, Ilmenskoe and Large Miassovo (50%, 72%% and 80% of the total number of species, respectively).
Ethnobotanical studies of plants utilization in the gold mining region in Central Kapuas, Indonesia
Authors: SUNARIYATI SITI
Published: October 2018

Sunariyati S. 2018. Ethnobotanical studies of plants utilization in the gold mining region in Central Kapuas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 215-221. Studying on ethnobotany is intended to expand the knowledge of interaction between human and plants. There are various uses of plants such as in food industry, medicine, and evidently in gold mining activity. Some gold miners believe that specific plants could be used as indicators for the presence of gold metal beneath the area the plants grown. The objective of this research were to (i) learn the ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju people in Central Kapuas, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia gold-mining areas, (ii) identify some species of plants used by local miners as indicators for the presence of gold metal underneath. The research consisted of two phases. The first phase was a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews and identification of plant species used for gold metal indicators. The second phase was the quantitative approaches analyzing the ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju people in Central Kapuas (Indonesia) gold-mining areas. The results showed that the people of Dayak Ngaju in Central Kapuas had local knowledge about the use of plants for food industry, medicine, and also in gold mining activity. At least 10 (ten) plant species were believed to be indicators for the presence of gold metal. Based on the Fidelity level (FL) and the Relative Used-Value (RUV), katune (Agrostistachys sessilifolia (Kurz) Pax & Hoffm) is the most plant served the purpose as indicators for the presence of gold metal.
Short Communication: Introduction of study domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) in different environment
Authors: KONIYO YUNIARTI , JULIANA JULIANA
Published: October 2018

Koniyo Y, Juliana. 2018. Short Communication: Introduction of study domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) in different environment. Biodiversitas 19: 260-264. Manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) is one of the fish species that have good economic value, so its sustainability needs to be maintained. Manggabai fish population in nature continues to decline; this is due to environmental changes. Environmental changes that occur in nature is very difficult to be controlled so a method is required to preserve the manggabai fish that exist in the natural environment. Domestication is one of the methods used to maintain organisms that lives in a natural environment with an artificial (controlled) environment. This study aims to determine the difference of natural and artificial environment as a basis for conducting domestication on manggabai fish. The research method is an experimental method which is used in the cultivation of fish in natural and artificial environment. Manggabai fish cultivation in the natural environment uses a floating net cage system with volume of 1 m3, while cultivation in a controlled environment uses a pool of 1 m3 of concrete. Manggabai fish uses ± 10 cm of depth of pool with a density of 100 individuals/m3. The study was conducted for 3 months and feeding was only given to cultivation in controlled environment by 20% with a frequency of twice/day. The research variables consist of growth and survival of manggabai fish. The data analysis used descriptive analysis to determine the difference of growth and survival of manggabai fish kept in natural environment and in controlled environment. The results show that there is a difference in the growth and survival of manggabai fish kept in different environments. The highest growth and survival was obtained in the natural environment of KJA by 87%, whereas in the controlled environment, i.e. in the survival pool, it was only 74%. The absolute longest growth and the highest weight growth was obtained in the controlled environment in the pool by 2.07 cm and 4.62 g, whereas in the natural environment in KJA, the growth of the length and the absolute brat of 0.83 cm and 2.33 g. The results showed that the quality of environmental maintenance is a factor that affects the success of manggabai fish domestication.
Edge effects on biomass, growth, and tree diversity of a degraded peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , CURRAN LISA M. , MUJIMAN MUJIMAN , RATNASARI DESSY , SALIM RUSPITA , LISNAWATY NELLY
Published: October 2018

Astiani D, Curran LM, Mujiman, Ratnasari D, Salim R, Lisnawaty N. 2018. Edge effects on biomass, growth, and tree diversity of a degraded peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 272-278. Tropical forested peatlands in Indonesia are threatened by logging and clearing which reduce their ecosystem functions and degrade the environment. Land use change activities disturbed intact forests, resulted in landscape fragmentation. Scattered forest matrices resulted in forest edge areas, which will considerably affect the forest biotic and abiotic conditions, as well as forest tree dynamics within the edge sites. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of forest edge on perimeter of the forest fragment on the forest biomass stock, growth, tree basal area as well as species composition, richness and abundance in a degraded peatland forest in West Kalimantan. A twelve-ha forest was divided into 35 plots in the interior forest and 13 at the forest edge; each plot was 50 m by 50 m in size based on their abiotic conditions such as light and temperatures. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured in each plot of both forest edge and interior sites using Licor-2100. The results indicated that even though the biomass levels maintained relatively moderate to high levels on both sites, forest edge significantly lowered forest biomass by 32%, reduced 23-25% of tree-biomass growth per unit area for both tree diameter of 10-20 cm and >20 cm. There was a shift of tree species composition, 76 species were found on both sites, 24 species were not found in edge site, but present in the interior site and 10 species were found only in edge site. Peatland forest matrix created forest edges that are lowering peatland forest roles in sequestering carbon per unit area and reducing species diversity. Peatland forest restoration should be conducted to reduce forest matrices and to lower the edge effects.
Ecological correlation between aquatic vegetation and freshwater fish populations in Perak River, Malaysia
Authors: ISMAIL SITI NORASIKIN , HAMID MUZZALIFAH ABD , MANSOR MASHHOR
Published: October 2018

Ismail SN, Abd Hamid M, Mansor M. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 279-284. Aquatic plants play a crucial role in an aquatic ecosystem partly because these plant communities provide suitable habitats and food items to other aquatic organisms especially fish. Many fish communities use vegetation as breeding sites, nurseries and refuges for their juveniles. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide baseline data on the correlation between the aquatic plants and freshwater fishes in Perak River. Based on the findings, the abundance of aquatic plant influences the growth and health of the fish. Habitats with moderate amounts of aquatic vegetation provide the optimal environment for many fish and hence, increase the fish diversity, feeding, growth, and reproduction. In contrast, both limited and excessive vegetation may decrease fish growth rates at 75% to 85% of plant community coverage. The recent trip along the Perak discloses the presence of these aquatic plants at certain habitats. There is a positive correlation between aquatic plants and freshwater fish. The association between aquatic plants and fish assemblages has been documented in scientific studies with the conclusion that moderate plant densities could enhance the fish diversity, feeding, growth, and reproduction.
A new adaptation for a secure surgical drain placement and a comparison with four common drain fixation methods
Authors: Heskin L , Cahill V , Filobbos G , Regan P , O’Sullivan ST , Bryan K
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The importance of postoperative drain fixation cannot be overemphasised. There are numerous described techniques for drain fixation. However, to our knowledge, there is no evidence-based comparison between the various techniques of drain fixation used in postoperative management. We describe a new method and compare its reliability with four other commonly used methods.

Materials and methods

Five methods were chosen for testing based on current trends in clinical practice: centurion sandal with plastic locking ties, centurion sandal or lattice method, centurion sandal with half-inch Steristrips®, double and multiple looped methods. We used an Instron 8872® tensiometer to apply a measured force to a secured drain. Each fixation method was tested ten times and all fixation methods were performed by the same experienced surgeon. We measured the average number of cycles before failure, the average displacement of the tube at failure and the time needed to apply each fixation method.

Results

The number of cycles completed before failure showed that the centurion sandal method, the centurion sandal with plastic ties and the centurion sandal method with Steristrips had the lowest failure rate. The amount of displacement was the least in the centurion sandal with plastic ties followed by the double-loop method and centurion sandal with Steristrips. There was little difference in the time taken to complete the fixation methods (range 21–33 seconds).

Discussion

We recommend the use of the centurion sandal with plastic locking ties, centurion sandal with Steristrips followed by the centurion sandal method alone as fixation techniques that are quick to perform, secure and reliable.
Sleeping aggregation of an oil-collecting bee, Centris (Paracentris) xanthomelaena Moure & Castro (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)
Authors: Martins Heberson , Rebouças Patricia , Ferreira Vinina
Published: October 2018

Sleep aggregations have been registered for some species of solitary bees and wasps. In this note we describe the aggregation behaviour of Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro bees in their inactive periods. The dormitories were discovered close to the bee nesting sites, in a Caatinga area. We monitored the males and females at the sleeping site for 16 consecutive days in July 2017. We observed that females of C. xanthomelaena spent the night outside their nests, indry branches of Mimosa tenuifl ora (Fabaceae). Furthermore, males and females have shared the dormitories, and sometimes they formed mixed ones. Both males and females fl ew around the nearest dormitories during all observation days. The data about the sleep behaviour of C. xanthomelaena will contribute to the understanding of these aspects within the Centris genus.
Exploring Science Through Science Fiction
Authors: Pavlovich Christian
Published: October 2018

Exploring Science Through Science Fiction, Barry B. Luokkala, (2014)

New York: Springer, 241pp., ISBN: 9781461478904 (pbk), $24.99
Testing of Dynamic Models for Stability Studies
Authors: Máslo Karel , Hába Tomáš
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with turbine-governor and excitation system dynamic models which are suitable for dynamic stability assessment of a transmission system. ENTSO-E uses the Common Grid Model Exchange Specification (CGMES) to facilitate the exchange of operational and grid planning data among transmission system operators. CGMES also includes a detailed description of the models needed to perform dynamic stability studies. These models are compared with the models implemented in the network simulator MODES.
Wokół sporu o kryteria odpowiedzialności uniwersytetu
Authors: Rotengruber Przemysław
Published: October 2018

Badania podjęte w niniejszym artykule podzielone zostały na dwie części. Ich pierwszym celem jest ustalenie, czym jest społeczna odpowiedzialność uniwersytetu. Wynikiem tego postępowania jest definicja obejmująca zobowiązania uniwersytetu wobec interesariuszy i demaskatorów (sygnalistów). Wybór wymienionych aktorów nie jest przypadkowy. Tak skonstruowana definicja uwzględnia wymóg transparentności uniwersytetu oraz jego otwartości na społeczną krytykę. Po drugie, artykuł zmierza do ustalenia, czy polski uniwersytet – jako dominująca instytucja wiedzy – jest zarządzany w sposób społecznie odpowiedzialny. Posiłkując się zasadami odpowiedzialnej edukacji menedżerskiej (PRME), przyjąć należy, że miarą jego poprawności jest jego stosunek do społecznego otoczenia. To stwierdzenie wiedzie do pytania o jakość relacji polskiego uniwersytetu z interesariuszami i demaskatorami postrzeganymi jako oczy i uszy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
Novel protein-repellent and antimicrobial polysaccharide multilayer thin films
Authors: Korica Matea , Fras Zemljič Lidija , Bračič Matej , Kargl Rupert , Spirk Stefan , Reishofer David , Mihajlovski Katarina , Kostić Mirjana
Published: October 2018

Nanostructured and bio-active polysaccharide-based thin films were manufactured by means of subsequent spin-coated deposition of a regenerated cellulose (RC) layer and a 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidised cellulose nanofibril (TOCN) layer. The bio-activity of the bilayer was achieved by addition of chitosan (CS). The chitosan was either mixed with the TOCN (TOCN+CS) and deposited on the RC layer by spin-coating, or deposited on the RC and TOCN bilayer by pumping its aqueous solution with various pH over the surface of the bilayer. The water content of the thin films and the CS interactions with the bilayer during deposition were studiedin situby means of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The pH dependent charging behaviour of the TOCN, TOCN+CS and CS dispersions was evaluated by pH-potentiometric titrations. The surface morphology of the thin films was characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The bio-activity of the thin films was evaluated by studying their protein-repellent propertiesin situwith a continuous flow of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by means of QCM-D and by evaluating their antibacterial propertiesin vitroagainstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. These polysaccharide-based thin films are high value-added products because of their multifunctionality, high water absorbance capacity, protein-repellence and antimicrobial activity, and have the potential for medical application as a wound dressing material.
Relationships Between Isokinetic Shoulder Evaluation and Fitness Characteristics of Elite French Female Water-Polo Players
Authors: Olivier Nicolas , Daussin Frédéric N.
Published: October 2018

Swimming and throwing are involved in water-polo player performance. These movements have a common biomechanical basis in the use of the internal shoulder rotation and adductor muscles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between shoulder isokinetic evaluation and throwing velocity as well as swimming performance in female water-polo players. Fifteen high level water-polo players completed two isokinetic shoulder evaluations to determine peak torque of shoulder rotators of the dominant shoulder (concentric and eccentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and concentric movements at an angular velocity of 240°·s-1) and shoulder extensors of both arms (concentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1). Throwing velocity was measured using a radar gun placed 5 m behind the goal post. Front crawl swimming velocity was determined at 25 m, 100 m and 400 m distances. Concentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1 of internal rotators and eccentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 of external rotators were predictors of throwing velocity. The best model to explain the relationship between isokinetic evaluations and throwing velocity was obtained with concentric IR peak torque at 60°·s-1 and eccentric ER peak torque at 60°·s-1 (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.012). Relative total work done and peak torque of shoulder extensors were predictors of 25 m swimming velocity. Shoulder isokinetic evaluations correlate significantly with swimming performance and throwing velocity of female water-polo players. The results may help coaches to develop new strategies such as eccentric dry land training programs to increase both shoulder external rotators strength and throwing velocity.
Differences in Physical Performance According to the Competitive Level in Futsal Players
Authors: Ayarra Rubén , Nakamura Fabio Yuzo , Iturricastillo Aitor , Castillo Daniel , Yanci Javier
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the present study was to describe performance in acceleration capacity, change of direction ability, vertical jump, horizontal jump, repeated sprint ability, and endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1) in futsal players, and analyze the differences according to competitive categories or levels. The total sample (n = 40) was divided into three groups depending on the category in which the participants competed: Second Division B (n = 15), Third Division (n = 12) and juniors (n = 13). All the tests were performed with participants’ regular competition shoes and on the usual playing surface, in an indoor pavilion with a floating wood floor. The results of the study did not show significant differences in acceleration capacity (5 and 15 m) or change of direction ability among the different categories. In contrast, significant differences were found among the categories with regard to horizontal jump and vertical jump capacity (p < 0.05); but not in all the variables analyzed. Performance in repeat sprint ability varied significantly among the different categories in 30 m (p < 0.01) but not in 5 m (p > 0.05). The distance covered in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 by the Second Division B and the Third Division groups was greater than that covered by the junior group. In the light of these results repeated sprint ability and aerobic endurance could be two discriminating qualities of the competitive level among different futsal categories.
Laboratory information system and necessary improvements in function and programming
Authors: Kammergruber Roland , Durner Jürgen
Published: October 2018

Since the 1970s, computer supported data processing has been implemented in the laboratory and laboratory information systems (LIS) are being developed. In the following years, the programs were expanded and new laboratory requirements were inserted to the LIS. In the last few years, the requirements have grown more and more. The current tasks of the LIS are not only the management of laboratory requirements but also management of processes, data security and data transfer and they have become very important. Therefore, the current monolithic architecture of LIS has reached its limits. New methodologies like service oriented architecture, e.g. microservices, should be implemented. Thereby different specialized manufacturers provide software for one or a few tasks. These tasks can be more easily actualized like in the new field of agile software development. This new concept has been designed to provide updates and customer requirements according to its new organization structure in program development in a short time. For efficient data transfer, new interfaces and a standardization of master data like logical observation identifier names and codes (LOINC®) are advisable. With the growing data transfer, data security plays an increasingly important role. New concepts like blockchain programming (e.g. Medrec) are currently tested in (laboratory) medicine. To get an overview of the requirements of the own LIS, an Ishikawa diagram should be created. The main points of an Ishikawa diagram are shown and discussed. Based on the today-collected data, expert systems will be developed. For this kind of data mining, a structured data exchange is necessary.
The Impact of Competitive Markets on Recruiting: Lessons from Collegiate Athletics
Authors: Caro Cary A.
Published: October 2018

Conference realignment in NCAA college athletics impacted traditional rivalries and affiliations as it took shape from 2010 to 2013. As schools traded conferences, their college football programs were left to compete against new foes, and in new markets for high school athletes. The impact of brand recognition, prestige, and new conference affiliation on recruiting are examined herein. The findings of the market competitive externalities are important for every labour market in which business opt to compete.
Effect of Temperature of Heat Treatment on Energetic Intensity of Flat Milling of Picea Abies
Authors: Koleda Peter , Korčok Michal , Barcík Štefan , Iľaš Štefan
Published: October 2018

The paper deals with the research of the influence of thermal modification temperature of spruce wood on the electric energy consumption of its face milling. Samples of spruce wood heat treated at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220°C were milled at the cutting speed of 20, 40 and 60 m.s-1, the feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min-1, the rake angle of 15° with the depth of the cut of 1 mm. The energy consumption was evaluated from the cutting power, which was based on the difference during milling and idle cycle. The analysis of variance showed a decrease in cutting power with an increasing temperature of thermal modification. The average cutting power value is 137.7 W at the native sample and 80.8 W at the sample treated at 220°C. The Duncan’s test of statistical significance has shown that the thermal modification has a statistically significant effect on the cutting power values.
Methodology of Problem Analysis in the Quality Management System with the Use of Systems Approach
Authors: Ligarski Mariusz J.
Published: October 2018

In the work there is an innovative methodology of problem analysis presented in the quality management system with the use of systems approach. The methodology serves for determination of action mechanism of unfavorable phenomena occurring in the systems and for explaining their causes. There are assumptions of the elaborated methodology described. For the first time there are the rules of systems thinking used for the analysis of unfavorable phenomena and the system archetypes were applied. Special attention is paid to appropriate presentation of the examined situation in a perspective of systems thinking as well as correct selection of systems archetype. There is a need emphasized concerning examining the situation with the inclusion of numerous variables and necessity to reach to the primary causes of the analyzed phenomena. The elaborated methodology was proceeded to validation on the basis of two threats described by different systems archetypes. There are schemes presented which feature the action mechanism of unfavorable phenomena. The confirmation of methodology in practice proved its application possibilities. Finally, the elaborated methodology was subject to analysis. The discussion of its possibilities and limitation was also conducted.
The Comparing of the Selected Temperature Sensors Compatible with the Arduino Platform
Authors: Škultéty Emil , Pivarčiová Elena , Karrach Ladislav
Published: October 2018

One of the most frequently measured quantity is temperature, which is also one of the most important physical quantities. Temperature has influence on the almost all states and processes in the nature as well as in technique. A wide range of temperature sensors is currently available on the market. They use different measurement principles and exist in many designs. According to the location of the sensing element in the measured environment, they are divided into two main groups: contact and non-contact. Further, we can divide the temperature sensors according to the physical principle on which they work. The article deals with the analysis and comparison of selected Arduino-compatible contact temperature sensors. The temperature measurement of machine functional nodes and its diagnostics are part of maintenance and engineering diagnostics. At present, NC and CNC machine diagnostics are an important trend in machine condition monitoring and machine status prediction to maintain production quality. Machine status monitoring allows reducing of machine service costs as well as maintaining the high production quality.
Complex Evaluation of Safety Culture Determinants in Manufacturing Companies in Slovakia
Authors: Sujová Erika , Čierna Helena
Published: October 2018

The paper addresses complex evaluation of safety culture in Slovak manufacturing enterprises by utilizing specific determinants. To accommodate conditions of enterprises in Slovakia, a specific research method was developed for the study of safety culture, which can also be used for manufacturing and non-manufacturing enterprises. We have selected the questionnaire method. Due to the scope of the research, we have defined ten determinants, which form the basis for evaluation of safety culture elements. When determining the level of the specific ten determinants of safety culture, we studied interdependence between the enterprise’s industry, its size (small, medium, large) and points assigned to each determinant. The results of the study are evaluated using a 3D point graph. The discussion shows parts that were evaluated the highest or lowest and outlines suggested approaches to improve the current state.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[bromido-(μ2-pyrazine-2-carboxylato-κ3
N:N′,O)copper(II)], C10H6N4Cu2O4Br
Authors: Cuihong Zhang , Xiaohu Wei , Liguo Yang , Zhenzhen He , Jiaze Wu , Hao Liu , Xin Li , Zongcheng Miao
Published: October 2018

C10H6N4Cu2O4Br, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 6.7680(10) Å, b = 23.693(2) Å, c = 7.7301(11) Å, V = 1239.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0473, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1293, T = 298(2) K.
Evaluation of Potato Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Carotenoids Content in Tubers
Authors: Milczarek Dorota , Tatarowska Beata
Published: October 2018

The potato is one of the most common elements of everyday human diet due to its high nutritional and culinary value. Potato tubers provide mainly energy in the form of carbohydrates and also some other nutrients, which include carotenoids as compounds linked to oxidation-preventing mechanisms. The main assimilable carotenoids present in cultivated potato are lutein and zeaxanthin. Potato cultivars rich in carotenoids are a subject of increasing consideration in breeding for improvement of the nutritional quality of tubers. The paper describes the spectrophotometric method of evaluation of total and individual carotenoids content in potato tubers.
Isolation and Identification of Proteins From Potato Leaves
Authors: Szajko Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Potato leaves are a very convenient material to compare the differences in potato proteomes. Proteins isolation depends on the type of analysis. The method of isolation of proteins from potato leaves, 2D electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were described in detail.
Collection of Potato Viral Pathogens, Its Validation and Maintenance
Authors: Yin Zhimin , Michalak Krystyna , Lebecka Renata
Published: October 2018

IHAR - PIB collection of potato viral pathogens has been maintained since 1970s. Currently there are 258 isolates in the collection representing 12 potato viruses, named PVY, PVM, PVS, PLRV, PVA, PVX, PAMV, BMYV, TBRV, AMV, CMV and TRV. The viruses are maintained in potato plants in vivo in the greenhouse (246 isolates), in potato plantlets cultured in vitro (12 isolates), in frozen leaves (two copies each of the 246 isolates) and in freeze-dried tissue (234 isolates).
Phytophthora Infestans: Isolation of Pure Cultures, Storage and Inoculum Preparation
Authors: Sobkowiak Sylwester , Śliwka Jadwiga
Published: October 2018

Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, economically the most important disease of these plant species. The Oomycete pathogen is frequently sampled, isolated to pure cultures, stored, and characterized. The knowledge of its diversity, migrations and evolution is essential for breeding resistant plants and for designing appropriate control strategies. The article presents methods for collection, storage and preparation of P. infestans isolates for inoculation of plant tissues, based on the publication by Zarzycka (2001), later updated and modified.
Inorganic mass spectrometry
Authors: Pérez-Arantegui Josefina , Laborda Francisco
Published: October 2018

Inorganic mass spectrometry has been used as a well-known analytical technique to determine elemental/isotopic composition of very diverse materials, based on the different mass-to-charge ratios of the ions produced in a specific source. In this case, two mass spectrometric techniques are explained and their analytical properties discussed: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS), since they are the most used in art and archaeological material studies. Both techniques combine advantageous analytical properties, like low detection limits, low interferences and high precision. The use of laser ablation as sample introduction system in ICP-MS allows to avoid sample preparation and to perform good spatial-resolution analysis. The development of new instruments, improving the mass separation and the detection of the ions, specially multicollection detectors, results in high-precision isotopic analysis. A summary of the important applications of these mass spectrometric techniques to the analysis of art and archaeological materials is also highlighted.
Application of neural networks in membrane separation
Authors: Asghari Morteza , Dashti Amir , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Jokar Ebrahim , Halakoei Hadi
Published: October 2018

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a powerful technique for solving complicated problems in membrane separation processes have been employed in a wide range of chemical engineering applications. ANNs can be used in the modeling of different processes more easily than other modeling methods. Besides that, the computing time in the design of a membrane separation plant is shorter compared to many mass transfer models. The membrane separation field requires an alternative model that can work alone or in parallel with theoretical or numerical types, which can be quicker and, many a time, much more reliable. They are helpful in cases when scientists do not thoroughly know the physical and chemical rules that govern systems. In ANN modeling, there is no requirement for a deep knowledge of the processes and mathematical equations that govern them. Neural networks are commonly used for the estimation of membrane performance characteristics such as the permeate flux and rejection over the entire range of the process variables, such as pressure, solute concentration, temperature, superficial flow velocity, etc. This review investigates the important aspects of ANNs such as methods of development and training, and modeling strategies in correlation with different types of applications [microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), etc.]. It also deals with particular types of ANNs that have been confirmed to be effective in practical applications and points out the advantages and disadvantages of using them. The combination of ANN with accurate model predictions and a mechanistic model with less accurate predictions that render physical and chemical laws can provide a thorough understanding of a process.
Le français en espace créolophone – Guadeloupe et Seychelles
Authors: Kriegel Sibylle , Ludwig Ralph
Published: October 2018

Both in Guadeloupe and in the Seychelles a French-based Creole coexists with French. In addition to this shared main ecological parameter, the two areas diverge in several other points of their contact ecology: First, due to the different timing of French colonization, the French variety exported to Guadeloupe in the 17th century differed from the variety exported to the Seychelles a century later. Second, while the Seychelles were a British colony from 1814 to independence in 1976, Guadeloupe always remained French and is still a French overseas department. Therefore, the contact ecology in Guadeloupe may be characterized as a reciprocally dominant monocontact situation (see Gadet/Ludwig/ Pfänder 2009), while the situation in the Seychelles is one of polycontact (Seychelles’ Creole-English-French), with Seychelles’ Creole and English being dominant in their influence on French (while the reverse is not the case). Using data from several corpora of spoken and written French in the Seychelles and Guadeloupe, this paper shows instances of code copying (e.g. Johanson 2002, Kriegel/Ludwig/Henri 2009) from the two Creole languages (and English) on the morphosyntactical level.
Theory and Empiricism of Religious Evolution (THERE): Foundation of a Research Program (Part 2)
Authors: Krech Volkhard
Published: October 2018

This two-part article presents the research program for a theory and empirical analysis of religious evolution. It is assumed that religion isprimarilya co-evolution to societal evolution, which in turn is a co-evolution to mental, organic, and physical evolution. The theory of evolution is triangulated with the systems theory and the semiotically informed theory of communication, so that knowledge can be gained that would not be acquired by only one of the three theories: The differentiation between religion and its environment can be reconstructed based on the theory of evolution. The elements of the theory of evolution can be understood as the formation of systems. The semiotically informed theory of communication clarifies the conditions of the combination of both the systems theory and the theory of evolution as well as its objects. In turn, the combination of the systems theory and the theory of evolution can describe how communication—including religion and science—evolves and is structured.
El conflicto interpersonal como oportunidad para aprender a convivir en la escuela
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Angélica María , Andino Mora María Guadalupe , Portilla Arteaga Óscar William , Coral Rosa Elmira
Published: October 2018

Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación en el aula, la cual, centró su indagación en el abordaje de los conflictos interpersonales que presentan los estudiantes en el contexto escolar, con el propósito de que los actores reconozcan el conflicto como una oportunidad para aprender a convivir con los demás. Por ser una investigación de tipo cualitativa descriptiva, se desarrolló un estudio etnográfico a través de un diseño, aplicación y evaluación de una unidad didáctica, basada en el análisis de dilemas morales, cuyo esquema de actividades se enfocaron en el desarrollo de habilidades para la argumentación, con el fin de que los estudiantes realizaran planteamientos razonados como posibles soluciones a los conflictos presentados. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis e interpretación de la información a través del enfoque hermenéutico para comprender cómo una formación encaminada al desarrollo de habilidades para la argumentación —específicamente, el análisis, la síntesis y la reflexión— permite la reflexión constructiva sobre la naturaleza del conflicto interpersonal y brinda herramientas para el planteamiento de soluciones sustentadas en argumentos razonados y razonables.
De la industria cultural a la cultura humanista
Authors: Carmona Sánchez Luis Alberto
Published: October 2018

Con el escrito se propone llamar la atención sobre la crisis del hombre moderno, producto de la forma particular que adopta la cultura en la sociedad capitalista y el papel deshumanizador que representa el trabajo, situación que constituye una oportunidad y reto para recuperar y delinear nuevas formas humanas de vida desde lo conceptual, interpretativo y práctico. La nueva forma que requiere devenir la cultura necesitará hacer del trabajo y los modos de vida un producto espontáneo, autónomo y ético de la vida en sociedad. Es posible y necesario que la industrial cultural devenga en una forma de cultura humanista, posibilidad alimentada desde los análisis críticos que realizaron Hegel y Marx en torno a las relaciones sociales y el papel del trabajo, y que tendrían su continuidad y aporte original en las obras de los integrantes de la Escuela de Frankfort. Para tal fin, se propone un examen de la lógica cultural y del trabajo en la sociedad donde prima la industria cultural, así como del papel liberador del trabajo en el proceso de configuración de una cultura humanista, lo cual se desarrollará en: i- producción capitalista y trabajo alienado; ii- industria cultural y negación del hombre; iii- cultura humanista; iv- Sobre la necesidad de ocio o que “pensar está hecho para ser”. El artículo expresa una comprensión crítica de la lógica de las relaciones sociales en la sociedad actual, las cuales se fundan en la instrumentalización del ser humano y, por tanto, en la imposibilidad del reconocimiento intersubjetivo y negación de modos de vida y de ser social propios de la cultura humanista.
Genetic Dissection of Hybrid Male Sterility Across Stages of Spermatogenesis
Authors: Schwahn Denise J , Wang Richard J , White Michael A , Payseur Bret A
Published: October 2018

Hybrids between new species are often sterile. To understand the causes of this reproductive barrier, Schwahn et al. examined testis histology in a large number of hybrids between two nascent species of house mice...

Hybrid sterility is a common form of reproductive isolation between nascent species. Although hybrid sterility is routinely documented and genetically dissected in speciation studies, its developmental basis is rarely examined, especially in generations beyond the F1 generation. To identify phenotypic and genetic determinants of hybrid male sterility from a developmental perspective, we characterized testis histology in 312 F2 hybrids generated by intercrossing inbred strains of Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, two subspecies of house mice. Hybrids display a range of histologic abnormalities that indicate defective spermatogenesis. Among these abnormalities, we quantified decreased testis size, reductions in spermatocyte and spermatid number, increased apoptosis of meiosis I spermatocytes, and more multinucleated syncytia. Collectively, our phenotypic data point to defects in meiosis I as a primary barrier to reproduction. We identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling five histologic traits. A region of chromosome 17 that contains Prdm9, a gene known to confer F1 hybrid male sterility, affects multinucleated syncytia and round spermatids, potentially extending the phenotypic outcomes of this incompatibility. The X chromosome also plays a key role, with loci affecting multinucleated syncytia, apoptosis of round spermatids, and round spermatid numbers. We detected an epistatic interaction between QTL on chromosomes 17 and X for multinucleated syncytia. Our results refine the developmental basis of a key reproductive barrier in a classic model system for speciation genetics.
Efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery
Authors: Khoshfetrat Masoum , Davarpanah Sima , Keykha Aliakbar
Published: October 2018

Background: Co-administration of drugs with synergistic effects is considered as one of the methods to increase the effectiveness of intrathecal anesthesia and to reduce the need for injectable analgesics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing the analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.
Materials: The present double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 90 candidate patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery in 2017 at Khatam-Al-Anbiya Hospital in the city of Zahedan, Iran. To this end, the patients were selected via convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups. Afterwards, 3 cc of 0.5% hyperbaric Marcaine was injected intrathecally in the first group, 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl was administered to the second group, and 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl + 1 mg of midazolam was administered to the third group (the final volume of all three syringes was brought up to 3.7 cc with normal saline). The duration of sensory nerve block and those of motor block and analgesia, as well as changes in vital signs, were then measured in these groups. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Version 22.0) through Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The mean age and gender distribution of the patients in the three study groups did not differ significantly. The mean duration of sensory nerve block was equal to 98.6+/-11.1 min in the first group, 142.2+/-12.4 min in the second group, and 174.3+/-10.9 min in the third group; all showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001, P=0.001, P=0.000).The mean duration of analgesia was also reported to be 204.43+/-0.3 min in the first group, 323.62+/-7.4 min in the second group, and 526.22+/-0.9 min in the third group, indicating a statistically significant difference between the three study groups (P=0.0001, P=0.000, P=000).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that adding midazolam to intrathecal fentanyl could significantly increase the duration of sensory nerve block and that of post-operative analgesia.
UNA APROXIMACIÓN CONCEPTUAL Y METODOLÓGICA A LA COMISIÓN PARA EL ESCLARECIMIENTO DE LA VERDAD EN COLOMBIA: CLARIFICANDO EXPECTATIVAS
Authors: Peralta Gonzalez Laly Catalina
Published: October 2018

El artículo presenta una matriz metodológica que busca sintetizar lo que es posible esperar de la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad (CEV). Esta categorización facilitará un ejercicio crítico sobre las apuestas priorizadas por la Comisión, y evitará que, en el futuro, esta sea evaluada por lo que las personas esperaban de ella y no por lo propuesto en el mandato. La primera parte del artículo presenta los presupuestos conceptuales que subyacen tras la herramienta metodológica, la segunda desarrolla la matriz y la conclusión categoriza el decreto que reglamenta la CEV, a la luz de la matriz metodológica.
A modified approach for Elastic Impedance Inversion due to the variation in value of K
Authors: Abbasi Saiq Shakeel , Liu Jiangping , Hameed Nayima , Ehsan Muhsan
Published: October 2018

Elastic impedance inversion is the latest development in the field of hydrocarbon exploration and production. The present research focuses on the improvement of the use of elastic impedance inversion, easing exploration of hydrocarbons. The seismic velocities change with variation in geological constraints. Constant K, which is S-wave to P-wave ratio of the nth layer and n+1 layer across the interface, it must be changed accordingly. This research focuses on testing the effects of K as a constant in the elastic impedance equation. As using the same value of K for all types of formations can give rise to severe errors in the interpretation of data. The importance of the value of K for particular Amplitude Variation with Offset AVO type (I-IV) is studied using different Elastic Impedance Equations. The Reflection Coefficient (RC) curves for each AVO class are generated using Zoeppritz approximation and Elastic Impedance equations. The comparison of RC curves shows significant variations at far offsets in each AVO type using the Constant value of K. When K Calculated is used, AVO type I and Type II shows a good match at near, mid and far offsets. Type III does not change due to the changing value of K. Type IV gives good agreement at near and intermediate offsets. This variation in curves, with the change in the value of K, indicates that it is a significant factor of interpretation using elastic impedance. The application of findings on well logs has given a satisfactory confirmation of the present results. This research can be helpful to resolve severe errors in the interpretation due to the constant value of K.
Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions from El Vapor gold mineralizations, Colombia
Authors: Dorado Camilo E. , Molano Juan C.
Published: October 2018

Epigenetic El Vapor gold mineralization is hosted by the Segovia batholith and sedimentary rocks at both sides of El Nús fault, in the eastern flank of the Colombian Andes central cordillera. Gold mineralization is composed by continuous and discontinuous sigmoidal and stockwork veins and veinlets from a few centimeters to two meters of thickness and by hydrothermal breccias. Ore mineralogy includes Pyrite + Galena + Sphalerite + Chalcopyrite + Pyrrhotite + Proustite - Pyrargyrite. Gold is recognized as inclusions within pyrite, between quartz crystals and as fractures filled within pyrite at a late stage of mineralization. The fluid inclusions in quartz veins occur as clusters of primary inclusions and alignments of secondary and pseudo-secondary inclusions. Based on petrography and Raman spectroscopy, four types of fluid inclusions could be recognized: (1) Type I inclusions, biphasic, liquid-rich, with CO2 (v) + N2 (v) + CH4 (v) + KCl + NaCl + H2O(L), primary inclusions, (2) Type II inclusions, multi-volatile, CO2(V) + CO2(L) + N2(V) + CH4(V) + KCl + NaCl + H2O(L), primary to pseudo-secondary inclusions, (3) biphasic, liquid-rich inclusions, composed of H2O(v) +H2O(L)+KCl+NaCl with secondary origin and two different times of formation (IIIA and IIIB) (4) Type IV inclusions, very rare, three-phasic, secondary inclusions and composed by S+H2O(V)+H2O(L)+KCl+ NaCl. The microthermometric and spectroscopic analysis of fluid inclusions indicates that fluids associated with the first event of mineralization identified in El Vapor have low to moderate salinities (3.5-9.2 wt%NaCl equiv.), with trapping temperatures between 214°C and 350°C and pressures between 0.5kbar and 2.9kbar. There is evidence of the isothermal fluid mixture, and fO2 changes per reaction of fluids in the carbonaceous shales of the Segovia sedimentary rocks could influence the process of gold deposition. Hydrothermal fluids from El Vapor were near neutrality and reduced; similar features have been found in orogenic deposits hosted by turbidite sequences around the world.