bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR TEACHING ENHANCEMENT: FROM RULES TO REASON-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Kosheleva I. N.
Published: April 2018

When describing grammar phenomena, many course-books comprise rules of thumb and turn students’ attention to the construction methods of grammar forms. However, in practice these rules can be abstract, not giving precise or full explanation to the language units. In some cases explanations don’t correspond to the examples from the authentic sources. The subject of this research is the problem of the effective teaching English grammar to the students of non-linguistic universities. The purpose of the article is to describe methods of teaching English grammar from the standpoint of meaning of the grammar phenomenon and taking into consideration its contextual use. The current research is based on the ideas and concepts of the communicative approach to language teaching, conscious-raising approach and the method of the contextual use of language material. The paper features a number of advantages of the reason-based approach over the presentation of the rule. The approach enables students to notice and compare different contextual use cases of the language units. Therefore, it lays foundation for internalization of the new linguistic material and its further use in real communication. The results of the research can be of interest to both foreign language teachers and to the researchers dealing with English grammar learning. The conclusion is that the approach in question gives a more precise description of the meaning or use of grammatical constructions. It allows one to understand native speakers’ logic and intentions, which significantly facilitates intercultural communication.
STATUS TEXTS IN RUSSIAN AND KOREAN SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A SUBGENRE OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION
Authors: Nepomniashchikh E. A.
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of social net status, which is considered as a subgenre of Internet communication and is a verbal presentation of the owner’s electronic profile. The paper features an analysis of status texts in Russian and Korean social networks and gives a profound description of their textual specifics. It is noted that status texts have a high communicative potential, they are small-format texts, can be creolized, occupy a strong position in the information field of an electronic page. The analysis of functional features of profiles has revealed that the status is intended to shape a certain view of the user’s electronic page the way advertising slogans create the brand image. The goal of the research is to show that the status is a universal element of social networks, and the Internet today is not just an open multicultural space, but a virtual system that subordinates its users to its laws. The study of social net statuses makes it possible to describe the peculiarities of modern web-communication in its dynamics. The paper features the complete range of current studies on the phenomenon in question.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE OF TOTALITARIANISM IN FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 1960S
Authors: Moroz E. V.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons and the substantive content of the critical discourse on totalitarianism developed in foreign historiography of the 1960s. The analysis is based on the fundamental methodological principles of historical study: systemic approach of historicism and scientific objectivity. The research focuses on the works by famous foreign researchers in the area: H. Arendt, P. Sorokin, K. Friedrich, Z. Brzezinski, R. Мills, A. Ulam. The content of these works makes it possible to highlight the main methodological problems of critical discourse. The author criticizes the totalitarian model for its structural and external uniformity and lack of differentiation of totalitarian regimes. Revisionism in foreign historiography of the 1960s contributed to the study of Soviet society on the basis of sociological methodology by highlighting its high social mobility. The critical approach specifies the differences between communist and fascist systems and the peculiarities of individual communist regimes. However, the representatives of the critical approach failed to create a coherent theory compatible to the one offered by the adherents of totalitarianism. The critical discourse of totalitarianism in the 1960s contributed to the formation of a modernized concept of the phenomenon. The final part of the article contains the main conclusions of the discussion. The content and results of this article can be used in foreign historiography courses.
Use of filterability index in granular filtration: effect of filter medium type, size and shape
Authors: Hunce Selda Yiğit , Soyer Elif , Akgiray Ömer
Published: April 2018

Ives' Filterability Index (FI) was employed to evaluate silica sand versus crushed recycled glass as a rapid filter media. The presence of past studies comparing these two media allows an evaluation of the applicability and utility of the FI concept as a simple and quick preliminary test for the assessment of different media to be used in water filtration. The present tests also allow an evaluation of the effect of shape on filter performance.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin “Öğretmen” Kavramına İlişkin Kullandıkları Metaforlar
Authors: EGÜZ Şule , ÖNTAŞ Turgay
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin
oluşturdukları metaforları toplamak ve toplanan metaforları çeşitli kategoriler
altında sınıflandırarak ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf düzeyinde öğrencilerin “öğretmen”
kavramını algılama biçimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Öğretmen ve öğrenci ilişkisi
öğrencinin akademik ve sosyal gelişiminde önemlidir. Öğretmen ve öğrencinin
birbirlerine yükledikleri anlamlar rolleri açısından açıklayıcı olabilir. Öğrencilerin
de “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin algılarının metaforlar yoluyla belirlemelerinin
özellikle eğitimcilere önemli bilgiler ve perspektifler kazandıracağı
düşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın verileri Samsun ilinde yer alan kamu ortaokulunda
öğrenim gören 25 beşinci sınıf, 22 altıncı sınıf, 20 yedinci sınıf ve 24
sekizinci sınıf olmak üzere toplam 91 ortaokul öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir.
Nitel araştırmada metafor yöntemi 
kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada katılımcı öğrencilere, “öğretmen………….gibidir;
çünkü……….. yazılı olan yarı yapılandırılmış formları verilmiş ve buradan elde
edilen ham veriler araştırmanın temel veri kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Verilerin
analizi ve yorumlanmasında nitel veri çözümleme tekniklerinden içerik analizi
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre araştırmaya katılan 91
ortaokul öğrencisinin yazdıkları cümlelerden, toplam 38 geçerli metafor
geliştirmiştir. Bu metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleri bakımından
incelenerek 6 farklı kavramsal kategori altında toplanarak incelenmiştir.
Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programının Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmen Kimliği Algısına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ulubey Özgür , Yıldırım Kasım , Alpaslan Muhammet Mustafa
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmada, pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programının öğretmen
adaylarının öğretmen kimliği algısına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’nin batı
bölgesinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi
Sertifika Programında öğrenim gören ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 301 öğretmen
adayı oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Meslek Öncesi Öğretmen Kimliği Ölçeği ile
toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar ölçeğin yapısının iyi düzeyde uyum değerlerine
sahip olduğunu göstermektedir (χ2(96)= 2.56, p <.001, RMSEA= 0.072,
CFI=0.92, TLI= 0.90). Güvenirlik için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa değerleri alt
boyutlar için .82 ile .89 arasındadır. Ölçeğin tamamına ilişkin Cronbach alfa
değeri .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler SPSS
21 programında tekrarlanmış tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kimlik algılarının orta ile yüksek
derece arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama değerler, öğretmen adaylarının
pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programı başında daha yüksek düzeyde
öğretmen kimliği algılarına sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin
adaylarının hizmet öncesi öğretmen kimliği ölçeğinin öğretmen olabileceğine
ilişkin öz-güven ve kendini öğretmen olarak görme alt-boyutlarında istatiksel
olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken,  öğrencilerle
çalışmayı sevme alt-boyutunda anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Diğer bir deyişle;
uygulanan programının, öğretmen adaylarının öğretmen kimliği algılarına olumlu etkisinin
olmadığı söylenebilir.
Semantic Intrusions and Failure to Recover From Semantic Interference in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Relationship to Amyloid and Cortical Thickness
Authors: Curiel Rosie E. , Loewenstein David A. , Rosselli Monica , Penate Ailyn , Greig-Custo Maria T. , Bauer Russell M. , Guinjoan Salvador M. , Hanson Kevin S. , Li Chunfei , Lizarraga Gabriel , Barker William W. , Torres Valeria , DeKosky Steven , Adjouadi Malek , Duara Ranjan
Published: April 2018

Background:

Accumulating evidence indicates that the failure to recover from the effects of
proactive semantic interference [frPSI] represents an early cognitive manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer's
disease. A limitation of this novel paradigm has been a singular focus on the number of targets
correctly recalled, without examining co-occurring semantic intrusions [SI] that may highlight specific
breakdowns in memory.

Objectives:

We focused on SI and their relationship to amyloid load and regional cortical thickness
among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods:

Thirty-three elders diagnosed with aMCI underwent F-18 florbetaben amyloid PET scanning
with MRI scans of the brain. We measured the correlation of SI elicited on cued recall trials of the
Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning [LASSI-L] with mean cortical
amyloid load and regional cortical thickness in AD prone regions.

Results:

SI on measures sensitive to frPSI was related to greater total amyloid load and lower overall
cortical thickness [CTh]. In particular, SI were highly associated with reduced CTh in the left entorhinal
cortex [r=-.71; p<.001] and left medial orbital frontal lobe [r=-.64; p<.001]; together accounting for 66%
of the explained variability in regression models.

Conclusion.

Semantic intrusions on measures susceptible to frPSI related to greater brain amyloid load
and lower cortical thickness. These findings further support the hypothesis that frPSI, as expressed by
the percentage of intrusions, may be a cognitive marker of initial neurodegeneration and may serve as an
early and distinguishing test for preclinical AD that may be used in primary care or clinical trial settings.
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Ruan Yue , Tang Jun , Guo Xiaofei , Li Kelei , Li Duo
Published: April 2018

Background:

Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis
aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia
risk.

Methods:

We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st
2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake
with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category
were pooled by using a random-effects model.

Results:

A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies
were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated
with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia
(RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of
saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However,
there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
fat and AD or dementia risk.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher
saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.
Voltammetric Analysis of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs with Solid Electrodes
Authors: Kul Dilek
Published: April 2018

Background:

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atypical antipsychotic drugs used for
the treatment of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder obtaining satisfactory results
can be ensured by voltammetric techniques. The aim of this review is to present the application of voltammetric
techniques developed for the determination of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which are
amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine fumarate, risperidone, sertindole, and ziprasidone,
in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples.

Methods:

Studies in the literature published between 2004 and 2017 based on the voltammetric determination
of atypical antipsychotic drugs were gathered using scientific databases. The results obtained
from these studies were combined and interpreted.

Results:

oltammetric techniques applied for the sensitive determination of trace amounts of the selected
atypical antipsychotic drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids were
compared. The best analysis conditions were obtained after the optimization of some parameters such as
buffer type, pH, and scan rate. For diffusion controlled electrode processes, it was observed that differential
pulse and square wave voltammetry methods were generally used for the sensitive quantitative
determination of the drugs, whereas stripping methods were used for the adsorption controlled electrode
processes. Detection limits were between 1.53×10-3 µM for clozapine and 0.97 µM for risperidone.

Conclusion:

The electrodes used in the studies showed high selectivity, sensitivity, and good accuracy
with precision. The developed methods were also applied to pharmaceutical preparations of the drugs
and biological fluids with satisfactory results, without any interference from inactive excipients.
Simultaneous Determination of Total Cortisol and Cortisone in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Development, Validation and Preliminary Clinical Application
Authors: Kertys Martin , Urbanova Anna , Mestanik Michal , Tonhajzerova Ingrid , Mokry Juraj
Published: April 2018

Background:

Cortisol as a major glucocorticosteroid product of the adrenal cortex which has been recognized as a stress biomarker in evaluating stress related disorders for a long time. Plasma concentration of cortisol and its metabolite cortisone are usually changed in physiological and psychological tension, anxiety and depression. In order to study these changes properly, we need a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay for plasma cortisol and cortisone determination.  Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and robust method for the determination of total cortisol and cortisone in human plasma using mass spectrometry.

Methods:

A fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) method was developed, validated, and then the levels of cortisol and cortisone were determined. Plasma samples cleanup procedure was composed of two steps: the first was a protein precipitation with 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile, and the second was an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, cortisol and cortisone were separated using a C18 ACQUITY UPLC BEHTM column with a gradient elution. The mobile phase A was 0.1 % formic acid in water, the mobile phase B was 0.1 % methanol. For the detection we used a XEVO TQ-S mass spectrometer operating in the ESI positive mode.

Results:

The time of analysis was 6.5 minutes and the quantification range was 5-600 ng/mL for cortisol and cortisone, with > 94% recovery for all analytes (cortisol, cortisone and internal standards). The method was validated according to the EMA guideline for bioanalytical method validation.

Conclusion:

A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measurement of cortisol and cortisone in human plasma. Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical method is suitable for routine analysis.
Guide for Selection of Relevant Cell Lines During the Evaluation of new Anti-Cancer Compounds
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno Angel J. , Torres-Barrera Patricia , Velázquez-Paniagua Mireya , Dömling Alexander , Velasco-Velázquez Marco A.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Human cancer cell lines are valuable models for anti-cancer drug development.
Although all cancer cells share common biological features, each cancer cell line has unique genotypic/ phenotypic
characteristics that affect drug response. Thus, the information obtained with a specific cancer cell line cannot
be easily extrapolated to other cancer cells. Consequently, cell line selection during experimental design is
critical for providing proper and clinically relevant structure-activity analysis.

Methods:

Herein, we critically review the use of cancer cell lines as tools for activity analysis by comparing two
different scenarios: i) the use of multiple cancer cell lines, with the NCI-60 Program as the most representative
example; and, ii) the selection of a single cell line with specific biological characteristics that match the rationale
of compound design.

Results:

Considering that most laboratories evaluate the activity of new compounds using few cell lines, we
provide a systematic strategy for selection based on the expression levels and genetic status of the target and the
effectiveness of target inhibition or silencing. We exemplify the use of public databases for data retrieval and
analysis as well as the critical comparison of such information with published results.

Conclusion:

This approach refines cell line selection, avoiding the perpetuation of published poor selection and
enhancing the relevance of the results.
Collateral: The Sword of Damocles of the Small-scale Farmers; Land Tenure Issues in Africa
Authors: Ncube Douglas
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Numerous studies have been conducted on tenure and how it affects agricultural productivity. However, in Africa, its complexity emanates from the existence of various types of land tenure systems. This study examined hypotheses derived from the economic theory of property rights.

Problem Statement:

It is difficult to comprehend the manner in which land tenure issues influences farmer incentives. A perception is held regarding the complexity of instituting policy reforms to ‘fix’ tenure problems.

Methodology:

Thе еconomic rеѕеarch rеѕultѕ rеlatеd to land tеnurе, tеnurе ѕеcurity and thеir impact on land invеѕtmеntѕ and agricultural productivity, and how thеѕе rеlatе to hypothеѕеѕ gеnеratеd from thе еconomic thеory of propеrty rightѕ in Africa were evaluated. The study is essentially a qualitative approach and is based on literature review and secondary data sources.

Results:

There is an intimate link between Land tenure development and various constructs of political economic issues such as governance, democracy, empowerment, social justice, equity and development. Consequently, until the recognition of historical issues and political challenges associated with resource redistribution, any solutions to land and tenure questions will lack context and will fail to fulfil the crucial aim of transforming property relations and creating social change. There are convergence and divergence of economic research on land tenure.

Conclusion:

Land tenure reform is a time-consuming process requiring thorough public consultation and careful preparation. Recently, many international organisations and governments have embarked on land purchases/grabs in Africa exposing smallholder farmers to the arbitrary land acquisition and hence, exacerbating food insecurity in Africa.
Reclaimed Wastewater Quality Assessment for Irrigation and Its Mid-Time Reuse Effects on Paddy Growth and Yield under Farmer Management
Authors: Kaboosi Kami , Esmailnezhad Reza
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Many studies have been conducted on irrigation of upland crops with reclaimed wastewater while there have been a few reports about wastewater reuse for paddies. The majority of irrigation water requirement of paddy field in Bandargaz region (Iran) during the dry season within the last 12 years is dependent on effluent of treatment plant. Accordingly, different water parameters and 12 irrigation water quality indexes and economical- environmental filed management factor (fertilizer application rate) and crop growth and yield were studied in freshwater (FW) and wastewater (WW) filelds.

Explanation:

Unexpectedly, wastewater and freshwater salinity was less and more than the threshold salinity of paddy (2.0 dS.m-1), respectively and due to the high concentration of chlorine, FW is not suitable for irrigation. Based on almost all of indices and standards for assessing irrigation water quality, WW was significantly better than FW.

Conclusion:

The average concentration of heavy metals in both FW and WW samples were in the order of Cr˂Cd˂Pb˂Ni. However, results showed that concentration of heavy metals in WW was significantly more than FW. Nevertheless, these were below maximum allowable based on international standards and guidelines. The average nitrogen concentration in the reclaimed wastewater was 11.2 mg.lit-1 that was more than the required nitrogen concentration (7 mg.lit-1). So, a dilution strategy could be adopted when reclaimed water is used. No significant difference was observed in two type farms based on plant height, spike length, and 1000-seed weight, but this factor was significantly effective on seed per spike and seed yield so that they were higher in WW irrigated farms by 12.4 and 10 percent, respectively.
Suplemento de difenil diselenuro inyectable en ovejas lecheras
Authors: Biazus Angeliza H , Cazarotto Chrystian J , Gebert Roger R , Dos Reis João H. , Zortea Talyta , Baretta Dilmar , Machado Gustavo , Boito Jhonatan P. , Baldissera Matheus D. , Da Silva Aleksandro S
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la suplementación subcutánea con diselenuro de difenilo (PhSe)2 en ovejas lecheras infectadas con nematodos sobre la salud animal y posible daño al ambiente cuando las heces de estos animales se utilicen para fertilizar. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó utilizando 16 ovejas lecheras, que se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo A se usó como control y el grupo B se suplementó con 3 µmol/kg of (PhSe)2 vía subcutánea. Se utilizaron muestras de sangre para determinar la función hepática, así como el metabolismo de proteínas y lípidos en animales. Las heces se utilizaron para determinar el número de huevos por gramo de heces (EPG), así como para las pruebas de ecotoxicología. Resultados. La suplementación (PhSe)2 no afectó la reproducción de helmintos. Los niveles totales de proteína y globulina aumentan (p<0.05) en los animales suplementados, mientras que los niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) disminuyen (p<0.05) al final del diseño experimental. Los niveles de colesterol aumentan (p<0.05) en los animales suplementados, mientras que los triglicéridos, la albúmina y la urea no difieren entre los grupos (p>0.05). Las heces de ovejas suplementadas no interferían en la reproducción de las colas de caballo. Conclusiones. A la dosis administrada, el (PhSe)2 no es capaz de controlar el parasitismo; sin embargo, aumenta los niveles de globulinas y colesterol, que son importantes para la respuesta inmune y para la reproducción, respectivamente. Las heces de animales suplementados pueden usarse como fertilizantes orgánicos, sin impactos negativos en el ambiente.
Anotaciones etológicas de Milvago chimachima, Vieillot, 1816 (Aves: Falconidae)
Authors: De La Ossa V Jaime , De La Ossa-Lacayo Alejandro , Montes V Donicer
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. Se Describen y discuten pautas de comportamiento de M. chimachima relacionadas con anidación, alimentación, cuidado parental, conductas aprendidas, vocalizaciones y acoso. Materiales y métodos. Entre los meses de enero a mayo de 2017, en el casco urbano del municipio de Santiago de Tolú, Sucre Colombia, se aplicaron inicialmente transectos lineales sincronizados y paralelos para ubicación de la aves; posteriormente se establecieron cuatro punto fijos de observación para el registro de las diferentes conductas evaluadas. Resultados. Se establece que la construcción del nido concuerda con la establecido para la especie, se hacen aportes al conocimiento del cuidado parental y sobre procesos de aprendizaje; por primera vez se describen tres tipos de vuelo y se determina acoso por parte de P. sulphuratus anidante; igualmente, se evidencia que existen diferencias en los alimentos consumidos por los adultos y los juveniles, siendo la pesca y la búsqueda de garrapatas sobre vacunos una actividad solo llevada a cabo por los individuos maduros. Conclusiones. Los resultados son un aporte al conocimiento de la etología de esta especie de falconiforme de común ocurrencia en el Caribe colombiano.
La ecografía del páncreas canino
Authors: Avante Michelle L , DA da Silva Priscila , Feliciano Marcus AR , Maronezi Marjury C , Simões Ana R , Uscategui Ricardo AR , Canola Julio C
Published: April 2018

Este estudio describe las técnicas ecográficas frecuentemente utilizadas para evaluar el pancreas del perro. La ecografía fue el primer método que permitió la visualización directa del páncreas en seres humanos y que luego se aplicó en animales. Es actualmente el método de elección para la evaluación del páncreas y es esencial como herramienta diagnóstica en la detección de anomalías, especialmente tumores. La tecnología innovadora de los equipos, llevó a la aparición de técnicas complementarias al modo B, tales como Doppler, elastografía, ecografía de contraste, que han permitido realizar diagnósticos más precisos. El Doppler proporciona información sobre la arquitectura vascular y aspectos hemodinámicos de los vasos sanguíneos en múltiples órganos. La elastografía ARFI ofrece imágenes detalladas de las alteraciones detectadas en exámenes convencionales (método cualitativo) y ayuda a diferenciar entre procesos benignos y malignos (método cuantitativo). Los agentes de contraste con microburbujas permiten determinar parámetros relacionados con el llenado homogéneo o heterogéneo de los órganos, principalmente áreas nodulares, definiendo, por tanto, patrones de alta o baja intensidad.
Sobre o direito à comunicação e o acesso dos presos à internet
Authors: Rudnicki Dani , Veeck Matheus Oliveira
Published: April 2018

O contato do preso com o mundo exterior é previsto na Lei de Execução Penal, esse direito tem por objetivo buscar a proximidade da vida em cárcere com a vida em liberdade, visando a “ressocialização” do apenado (pois este, quando do seu retorno à sociedade, deve estar ciente dos acontecimentos familiares e das atualidades sociais). Mas, diante da atual realidade do sistema penitenciário brasileiro, nos deparamos com questões nas quais esse direito não existe ou quando está muito limitado. Encontramos, todavia, na tecnologia, mais precisamente na internet, uma forma de diminuir a limitação do direito à comunicação e à informação. Acompanhamos um ano de postagens no Facebook de três apenados gaúchos e visualizamos o uso corriqueiro desta rede social. Concluímos, então, que o acesso controlado à novos meios de comunicação garante respeito a esse direito dos presos, com economia, dignidade e segurança.
"Eles fazem de tudo para pegar as pessoas": administrando narrativas dos solicitantes de refúgio no Brasil
Authors: Waldely Aryadne Bittencourt , Figueira Luiz Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Atribuir a qualidade (jurídica, política e humanitária) de refugiado a um sujeito pode ser compreendido como um procedimento banal ou meramente burocrático. Contudo, a definição legal está associada a disputas pelo sentido de ser refugiado que atravessam qualquer paradigma simplista de adequação. A seleção dos refugiados produz técnicas de gestão da heterogeneidade dos êxodos e ajuda a compreender o funcionamento do Estado e a governamentalidade das práticas dos agentes do universo institucional brasileiro de refúgio. Este artigo busca descrever e analisar os processos de construção da condição de refugiado a partir da dinâmica de elegibilidade do regime brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma inspiração etnográfica e se propõe a problematizar o refúgio no Brasil pelo campo da Sociologia do Direito. Em um primeiro momento, será apresentado o mapa lógico que orienta os processos de elegibilidade e, em seguida, serão problematizados alguns dispositivos construídos e utilizados para avaliar a credibilidade da narrativa dos solicitantes de refúgio.
On the distinctive educational value of philosophy
Authors: Hand Michael
Published: April 2018

Should philosophy be a compulsory subject in schools? I take it as read that philosophy has general educational value: like other academic disciplines, it cultivates a range of intellectual virtues in those who study it. But that may not be a good enough reason to add it to the roster of established school subjects. The claim I defend in this article is that philosophy also has distinctive educational value: there are philosophical problems that feature prominently and pressingly in ordinary human lives and that all children should be equipped by their education to tackle. Among these are the problems of justifying subscription to moral, political and religious standards. The significance of these problems for everyone is sufficient to warrant the inclusion of philosophy in the school curriculum.
Philosophy and the good life
Authors: Hobbs Angela
Published: April 2018

This paper considers the implications for education of a reworked ancient Greek ethics and politics of flourishing (particularly as found in Plato), where ‘flourishing’ comprises the objective actualisation of our intellectual, imaginative and affective potential. A brief outline of the main features of an ethics of flourishing and its potential attractions as an ethical framework is followed by a consideration of the ethical, aesthetic and political requirements of such a framework for the theory and practice of education, indicating the ways in which my approach differs from other recent work in the field. I argue that the teaching of philosophy in schools and philosophical approaches to the teaching of other subjects are ideally suited to meet the pedagogic requirements of individual and communal flourishing so understood, contributing greatly both to the understanding of what a well-lived life might be, and to the actual living of it. I further argue that these requirements are not only derived from ancient Greek philosophy but are in turn especially well-served by the teaching and deployment of Greek philosophy itself. My claim is not that Greek philosophy has all the answers, or that other philosophers and philosophical approaches should be excluded; it is simply that Greek philosophy offers rich resources for those seeking to introduce children and young people to philosophy and to foster thereby their flourishing in both childhood and as adults.
Development and field evaluation of the INTER-ACT app, inter-pregnancy coaching for a healthy future to reduce risks in a consecutive pregnancy (Preprint)
Authors: Bogaerts Annick , Mertens Lotte , Bijlholt Margriet , Amuli Kelly , Braeken Marijke A.K.A. , Vanden Eynde Hannelore , Heynickx Dorine , Jacobs Bart , Vandenberghe Bert , Ameye Lieveke , Devlieger Roland
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Background: The inter-pregnancy period is an important window of opportunity to prevent gestational weight retention and associated risks in the next pregnancy. Despite an overwhelming number of available health apps, targeted and validated applications supporting a healthy lifestyle in women during both pregnancy and postpartum are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the process of development and pilot testing of the INTER-ACT app. The INTER-ACT app is part of an inter-pregnancy coaching module targeting women with excessive gestational weight gain. These women are followed up to the end of the next pregnancy in order to reduce the risk for maternal and childbirth complications.

METHODS

Methods: a mixed methods design was used to identify needs of healthcare providers and end users (pregnant and postnatal women) before designing the app. This was based on 15 semi-structured interviews with midwives (n=5), GP’s (n=4), gynecologists (n=3) and dieticians (n=3), two focus groups with midwives, a survey in 43 healthcare providers and 50 pregnant women as well as on iterative discussions within our research group and two professional organizations. The app user interface was designed by user experience researchers and evaluated in a pilot study including 9 women.

RESULTS

Results: From the healthcare providers’ perspective, a mobile app can enhance a healthy lifestyle in pregnant women provided that the app can be combined with face-to-face coaching without increasing administrative workload. Pregnant women preferred a graphic display of weight evolution in the app and weekly notifications and support messages, based on their own preset goals. In the user evaluation study, mothers reported that the INTER-ACT app increased their awareness about their own behavior. In comparison with commercially available health apps mothers explicitly valued the combination of the INTER-ACT app with face-to-face contact. This finding aligns with healthcare providers’ perspectives.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions:
We report on the development and evaluation process of an application to promote a healthy lifestyle in a very specific female population. These pregnant and postpartum women specifically valued the INTER-ACT app because it was offered in combination with face-to-face contact with a caregiver.
Context-Aware Systems for Chronic Disease Patients: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Yin Kathleen , Laranjo Liliana , Tong Huong Ly , Lau Annie YS , Kocaballi A Baki , Martin Paige , Vagholkar Sanjyot , Coiera Enrico
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Context-aware systems, also known as context-sensitive systems, are computing applications designed to capture, interpret, and use contextual information and provide adaptive services according to the current context of use. Context-aware systems have the potential to support patients with chronic conditions; however, little is known about how such systems have been utilized to facilitate patient work.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to characterize the different tasks and contexts in which context-aware systems for patient work were used as well as to assess any existing evidence about the impact of such systems on health-related process or outcome measures.

METHODS

A total of 6 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ACM Digital, Web of Science, and Scopus) were scanned using a predefined search strategy. Studies were included in the review if they focused on patients with chronic conditions, involved the use of a context-aware system to support patients’ health-related activities, and reported the evaluation of the systems by the users. Studies were screened by independent reviewers, and a narrative synthesis of included studies was conducted.

RESULTS

The database search retrieved 1478 citations; 6 papers were included, all published from 2009 onwards. The majority of the papers were quasi-experimental and involved pilot and usability testing with a small number of users; there were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of a context-aware system. In the included studies, context was captured using sensors or self-reports, sometimes involving both. Most studies used a combination of sensor technology and mobile apps to deliver personalized feedback. A total of 3 studies examined the impact of interventions on health-related measures, showing positive results.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of context-aware systems to support patient work is an emerging area of research. RCTs are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of context-aware systems in improving patient work, self-management practices, and health outcomes in chronic disease patients.
Combined Topical Growth Factor and Protease Inhibitor in Chronic Wound Healing: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stacey Michael
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Leg ulcers due to venous disease are chronic wounds that can take 6 or more months to heal. Growth factors have been used to try and improve this healing; however, many such studies have failed, and that is thought to be due to enzymes in the wound that degrade the growth factors and prevent them from working.

OBJECTIVE

This is a proof-of-concept study that will evaluate the treatment of chronic leg ulcers with topically applied growth factors that are combined with a therapy to prevent their inactivation in the wound. This combined therapy has the potential to speed up the healing of these wounds and thereby improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the costs to the health system.

METHODS

This will be a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled proof-of-concept study comparing growth factor with protease inhibitor wound dressings to growth factors with standard wound dressings.

RESULTS

The project was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and enrollment is expected to be initiated in 2018. It is expected that results will be available in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

It is expected that the results of this trial will inform as to whether modifying the wound environment through the use of protease inhibitors increases the effectiveness of topically applied growth factors in the healing of chronic wounds.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02845466; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02845466 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yOPhSBUA)
THE DIFFERENCES SCORE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE NEGATIVE SCALE BETWEEN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED RISPERIDONE AND RISPERIDONE WITH FLUOXETINE
Authors: Sembiring Ritha M , M Amin Mustafa , Effendy Elmeida
Published: April 2018

Objective: Negative symptoms are relatively common with a recent study finding that nearly 58% of outpatients had at least one negative symptom, negative symptoms are better predictors of functioning than positive symptom. Antidepressants have been a natural and common choice for the treatment of negative symptoms considering the conceptual proximity of their mode of action and the etiological hypotheses involving related neurotransmitters. This study examined differences negative symptoms scale score between patient that received only risperidone and risperidone with fluoxetine.Method: The sample consist of 44 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases), male, age ranged was between 30 and 50 years, signed informed consent before entering into study which had been conducted at the Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Mental Health Hospital Medan Sumatera Utara Indonesia. The study was designed for 4 weeks, open-label, divided into two groups of 22 each, (1) receiving 4 mg/day risperidone with 20 mg/day fluoxetine and (2) receiving only 4 mg/day risperidone. Negative symptoms were assessed using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).Results: The primary finding of the trial was a significant reduction in score ofnegativescale in patients receiving risperidone with fluoxetinecompared to patients receiving only risperidone at the end of 4 weeks. All the subscales of PANSS negative symptoms scale demonstrated significant improvement.Conclusions: In patients with schizophrenia, treating negative symptoms with adjunctive to fluoxetine appears to carry the benefit of improving negative symptoms.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT ROOT OF COGON GRASS (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA L. (BEAUV.)) ON CREATININE, UREA LEVELS, AND HEMATOLOGY PROFILE AGAINST GENTAMYCIN-INDUCED RENAL TOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Ramadhiani Aninditha Rachmah , Harahap Urip , Dalmunthe Aminah
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract root of cogon grass on parameter creatinine, urea levels, and hematology profile in rats induced by gentamicin.Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 6 groups of normal group (without treatment), groups of treatment only fed and watered, given carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 0.5%, ethanol extract of the roots of cogon grass with each dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Each group was given the test preparation orally for 8 days. After 1 h, 5 groups were induced by gentamicin at a dose 100 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally during 8 days. On the 9th day, blood samples were collected for serum creatinine, urea levels, and hematological parameters; hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell, and packed cell volume.Results: Ethanol extract root of cogon grass doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kg BW significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea levels, significantly increased hematological parameters as compared to negative control group of CMC 0.5% and negative control group not given CMC 0.5% (p<0.05). Ethanol extract root of cogon grass at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw showed there were not differences of creatinine, urea levels, and profile of hematology compared with normal group (p>0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract root of cogon grass at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw was effective to ameliorate creatinine, urea levels, and hematological parameters.
EFFECT OF HARVESTING TIME AT MORNING, AFTERNOON, AND EVENING ON NITRATE AND NITRITE LEVEL IN SPINACH (AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L.) AND MUSTARD (BRASSICA RAPA L.)
Authors: Ginting Nahitma , Silalahi Jansen , Pardede Tuty Roida , Sudarmi Sudarmi , Nerdy Nerdy
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of harvesting time at morning, afternoon, and evening on nitrate and nitrite level in spinach and mustard.Methods: Nitrite identification was done using sulfanilic acid reagent and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Identification of nitrate was done using reagent ferrous sulfate. Determination of nitrites level was performed visible spectrophotometry using N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride at maximum wavelength of 540 nm. Nitrate determination is taken with the same method but started with reduction process from nitrate into nitrite using Zn powder in acid condition and then measured as nitrite.Results: Research result shows that there is a change of nitrate and nitrite level from the spinach harvested at morning, afternoon, and evening.Conclusion: Spinach and mustard are better harvested in the morning because it contains nitrite less than in spinach picked afternoon and evening. Level of nitrite increases from morning to afternoon and decreases from afternoon to evening. However, the level of nitrate decreases from morning to afternoon and increases from afternoon to evening.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUND IN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PAPAYA LEAVES (CARICA PAPAYA L.)
Authors: Farid Yunahara , Iswahyun Iswahyun
Published: April 2018

Objective: The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify the active antioxidant compound in ethanol extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.).Methods: The methods used were fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and the active fraction was purified using column chromatography (CC). The pure isolate was obtained with preparative thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) identified by spectroscopy. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl. The presence of phenols was analyzed using ultraviolet (UV)-visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS).Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of papaya leaf has a strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 100.0±0.07 ppm. The result of VLC fractionation using mobile phase of chloroform-methanol indicated that the active fraction was EtOH.3 that has antioxidant activity with IC50 of 121.6±0.66 ppm. The purification using CC produced active fraction EtOH.3.3 with IC50 value of 176.4±0.76 ppm. After identified, the active isolate compound EtOH.3.3.1 from preparative TLC, the results of UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR spectrophotometry, and GC–MS show the presence of the phenol compounds.Conclusion: The ethanol extract has antioxidant activity and the extract was suspected to contain 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol compound.
CURCUMINOIDS ANALYSIS IN CURCUMA MANGGA RHIZOMES
Authors: Yuandani Yuandani , Yuliasmi Sri
Published: April 2018

Objective: The current study was conducted to analyze the curcuminoid content in ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga. Methods: The constituent of ethanol extract of C. mangga was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The diluted solutions of the extracts and the reference standards were analyzed separately by the reversed-phase UPLC method with mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (40:60) isocratically eluted for 30 min.Results: The chromatograms of the ethanol extract of C. mangga showed the presence of curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin (DMC). Of all the curcuminoids content, DMC was the major component, corresponding to retention time at 9.96 min as compared to curcuminoid standard at 9.69 min.Conclusion: The results indicate that ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizomes contains DMC at the highest amount as compared to other curcuminoid compounds.
RELAXATION EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. LEAVES ON ILEUM SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION OF IN VITRO ISOLATED RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Meilina, Rulia , Suwarso Edy , Suwarso Edy , Suwarso Edy , Dalimunthe Aminah , Dalimunthe Aminah , Dalimunthe Aminah
Published: April 2018

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the relaxation effect of ethanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves (EEABL) and ondansetron against 5-HT-induced contraction of the 5-HT3 receptor.Methods: The study of the relaxation effect of the cumulative concentration EEABL leaves (0.5–4 mg/mL) and ondansetron (10−5–3×10−2) after the contracted with 5-HT (EC80: 1.158×10−6 M) was conducted in vitro using isolated rat’s ileum organ in the Tyrode solution.Results: The EEABL and ondansetron decreased ileum contraction after induced by 5- HT. EEABL has no difference in terms of ability as ondansetron in reducing the ileum smooth muscle contraction induced by 5-HT (p>0.05).Conclusion: The EEABL has relaxation effect on smooth muscle of rat’s isolated ileum which has induced by 5-HT.
IDENTIFICATION GENE MUTATIONS RPOB CAUSE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS IN HAJI ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL
Authors: Nurpermatasari Adhisty , Harahap Urip , Siagian Parluhutan
Published: April 2018

Objective: The study aimed to investigate gene mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing resistance to rifampicin (RIF) in multidrug resistance TB patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital and determined the suitability of the general pattern of mutations that occur in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in the hospital with global mutation pattern.Methods: This observational study was performed prospectively in 31 patients with MDR-TB who had data medical record results of GeneXpert MTB/ RIF positive for resistant to RIF period August–November 2016 in the hospital by taking sputum from patients. DNA extracted from sputum and then purified to be detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were examined by electrophoresis.Results: The highest percentage of 81 bp rpoB gene mutation MTB is called as RIF -resistance determining region which was located at codon 516 (100%) and then was followed by mutation at codon 531 (96.77%) and codon 526 (90.32%), respectively, while the smallest percentage of mutation (12.90%) MTB at codon was 533.Conclusion: The rpoB gene shows a positive mutation-causing resistance to RIF.