bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Pronunciation Education via Artificial Intelligence Technology on Vocabulary Acquisition in Learning English
Authors: Kazu İbrahim Yaşar , Kuvvetli Murat
Published: May 2023

Correct pronunciation significantly increases the intelligibility of communication. However, it is uncertain whether acquiring the pronunciation of the words enhances word retention capability. Therefore, the major purpose of this research is to evaluate whether vocabulary acquisition with the aid of pronouncing with artificial intelligence leads to a longer memory. In this research, a full experimental pattern, and a pre-test and post-test control group design were applied. Furthermore, a total of 56 high school students aged between 14-15 were asked to memorize unknown vocabulary with two pronunciation teaching methods. Prior to the experimental process, the pre-test was applied to both groups, and then, the artificial intelligence-based speech recognition pronunciation teaching process was to the experimental group while the phonetic alphabet pronunciation process was to the control group on the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. According to the findings, it was obtained that pronunciation practice via artificial intelligence-enabled the words to remain in memory longer. Additionally, the participants’ views were gathered at the end of the research. For further research, this study will benefit other research with a variety of accessible tools to meet objectives by utilizing a new artificial intelligence-supported pronunciation model, through recording and reacting to learners' pronouncing practices in different languages.
Critical educators should embrace the employability agenda.
Authors: Fellows Ian
Published: May 2023

Graduate employability, as a desirable outcome of higher education, is a concept that is widely opposed by educators who practice critical pedagogy. Employability, it is argued, reinforces capitalist expectations, exemplifying the anti-democratic hollowing out of education over the last four decades. The central argument of this essay is that employability is not a concept that educators can ignore. Indeed, inherent in the development of desirable graduate attributes and employability skills, there are opportunities for critical educators to support students in the development of their social awareness and sense of civic autonomy. This essay will further argue that educators who seek to opt out of the employability agenda are failing to live up to their own values of seeking a truly equal partnership of learning with their students.
Beáta Kalamar: Craft Leadership
Authors: Polcz Károly
Published: May 2023

Book review
The Lived Experiences of Women of Color Leaders in Human Services: Professional Challenges and Implications for the Field
Authors: Robinson Dawn , Thomas Najmah , Tarver Shuntay
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of women of color leaders in the field of human services. This study used phenomenology as a methodological approach to understand women of color leaders’ lived experiences. Sixteen women of color participated in semi-structured interviews about professional challenges that they experienced as leaders in human services agencies and organizations. Most of the study participants identified as Black or African American. Six themes emerged from the data including being treated with disrespect because of race, being one of a few, constantly policing oneself, feelings of isolation, intersectionality, and not being privy to networks. Implications for human service professionals and organizations are discussed.
Dalit discourse in the stories of Sushila Takbhaure
Authors:   Researcher, School of Hindi Studies, Vikram University, Ujjain, M.P, Bairagi Jagdish chandra , Dubey Dr. Aruna ,   Assistant-Professor, Hindi, Sh. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain, M.P.,   Acharya and former president, School of Hindi Studies, Vikram University, Ujjain, M.P.; India, Nayak Dr. Geeta
Published: May 2023

The presented research paper presents a comparative study of Dalit discourse in the stories of Sushila Takbhaure. From the analysis of Sushila Takbhaure ji's stories, it is known that Sushila Takbhaure ji's story is influenced by Ambedkarite ideology and presents a lively and poignant example of Dalit struggle. In this research paper, a review of Dalit movement, Dalit anger, and status of women has been presented.
Maharishi Astrology and Indian Vedic Culture
Authors:   Assistant Professor department of   Astrology,   Maharishi University of Management and Technology,  Mangala, Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh) 495001, Kumar Dr. Yogendra
Published: May 2023

In the presented research paper, we have tried to tell that Indian Vedic culture has a deep connection with astrology for human beings. Man is told through astrology that if he joins Indian Vedic culture then how he can do self-welfare in his life. Man can adopt Vedic life through astrology. With the knowledge of astrology, a person can improve the worldly and otherworldly life and can also get rid of the problems arising in life. And he can include happiness and peace in his Vedic life.
Effect of Yogic Lifestyle on Engineering Students
Authors:   Research Scholar,  Department of Yoga, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Sankra, Kumhari, Durg (C.G.), Dash Pradipta , Kashyap Dr. Brijesh ,   Assistant Professor;  Department of Yoga, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Sankra, Kumhari, Durg (C.G.), Kumar Soni Pradip ,   Research Scholar,  Department of Yoga, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Sankra, Kumhari, Durg (C.G.)
Published: May 2023

In today's competitive life, everyone wants to outdo each other, and engineering students are no exception. Engineering students are always under the pressure of heavy course load, practicals and assignments not being completed on time. Moreover, due to the fear of examination every semester, staying awake till late night and unbalanced routine makes the students physically and mentally weak. Due to which anxiety, self-aggrandizement and sometimes violence is also seen in their mind, looking at all these reasons, practicing yoga is proving to be a boon for engineering students, because yoga is such a spiritual discipline. Which helps in keeping the body, mind, senses and soul healthy. Yoga is helpful in leading a healthy and happy life. Due to the practice of yoga, there can be a very significant change in the routine of the students, and the physical and mental health of the students is maintained, so that the students can also improve their studies and career. That's why, yoga practice proves to be very effective and useful for an engineering student.
Mercado de tierras y “activos líquidos”: La incidencia del agua para riego en la valorización de la propiedad en los Valles Centrales de Jujuy, Argentina (1840-1900)
Authors: Hernández Aparicio Nicolás
Published: May 2023

La provincia de Jujuy, ubicada en el norte de la actual Argentina, presenta una amplia heterogeneidad regional. Esto derivó en diversas formas de tenencia y propiedad de la tierra en su territorio. La historiografía existente ha analizado ampliamente este proceso, aunque aún no se ha centrado en una región particular, los Valles Centrales, especialmente durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En este artículo analizamos el complejo proceso de emergencia y estructuración del mercado de tierras y el peso que tenían los derechos de agua para riego en la valorización del suelo.
Risk Factor of Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Salam Rizwan Abdul , . Farhana , Memon Munawer Latif , Zafar Ambreen , Siddique Nazia , Mushtaq Shahida
Published: May 2023

Background: This study's goals were to assess the cervical central lymph node status and predictive value of SLN biopsy during operate and to identify clinic pathological factors, that were used to be independent predictors for analyzed central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sahara Medical College, Narowal for the duration of six months, from July 2022 to December 2022. Methods: The total N=300 people participated in this study. The participants were split into two groups: positive for cervical central lymph nodes CCLN (n = 210) and negative for cervical central lymph nodes CCLN (n = 90). In cases with positive SLNB, the positive sentinel lymph node ratio and additional positive lymph node (APLN) were examined. Investigators looked into SLNB's effectiveness. Results: The age range was 24-40 years in which cervical central lymph node case was (57%); p=0.002**. The maximum diameter of tumor (98%) was 3-4 cm show significantly P<0.05. The multiple focus included unilateral (18.3%) and bilateral region (82%) show significant changes P<0.05. According to the tumor locations, the positive case of central lymph node were as following; lower area (20%), middle area (53.3%) and upper area (27%) the difference were significant (p<0.05). The metastatic rate of lymph node was related to SLN (67%) and CCLNM (46%). APLN positive show additional lymph node on cancerous participants. The evaluation of CNM and APLN using the sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SLNB. Conclusion: In participants with positive case reports, age, sex, tumour size, location, extra thyroidal invasion, and capsule involvement were independent risk factors for CLN metastasis. If a positive SLN could be used to predict the presence of APLN, a theoretical basis for intraoperative lymph node dissection might be offered. Keyword: Metastasis, Tumor size, Multifocality,
Role of Subcutaneous Negative Suction versus Simple Subcutaneous Drain Closure in Contaminated Abdominal Surgeries in Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Aslam Iqra , Khan Ghashia , Akbar Muhammad , Hasham Ali , Memon Muhammad Anwar
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Contaminated abdominal surgical laparotomy incisions and their care are basic principles in the field of surgery. In emergency or trauma laparotomy, the primary surgeon's pivotal role is to optimize the untoward incision wound response, excise or debride viable/nonviable tissues, and alleviate the process of wound healing near to normal function. In contaminated abdominal surgeries, wound contamination is unavoidable that occurs at the time of surgery, and several methods are used to prevent wound complications. Material and Methods: To assess the impact of subcutaneous negative suction versus simple subcutaneous drains on the outcome of surgical wound infection, we conducted an observational study involving patients with contaminated abdominal surgical laparotomy wounds. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Over five years from January 2015 to December 2020 about 300 patients underwent emergency or trauma laparotomy. Patients were divided into two groups A and B 150 each group by random sampling. Results: In our study, negative suction drain versus simple subcutaneous drain without suction during the closure of the contaminated abdominal surgical wound in emergency or trauma laparotomy, the negative suction drain is highly suggestive to decrease postoperative wound infection, seroma formation, and wound disruption. Compared to a simple subcutaneous drain, the utilization of a subcutaneous suction drain following the closure of the abdominal sheath result in effective wound drainage, reducing the risk of wound infection and disruption. Conclusion: Subcutaneous suction drain has a better outcome as compared with simple subcutaneous without suction in the management of contaminated surgical laparotomy wounds. Keywords: Negative suction drain, simple drain, seroma, wound disruption.
Comparison of Antibiotics and Symptomatic Treatment for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Khan Salman , Rehman Kynat , Khan Sanan , Yousuf Paras , Ali Murad
Published: May 2023

Background: The most frequent bacterial illness among patients who seek primary care is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), which is also the leading cause of the rapidly growing strains of bacteria that are resistant to the developing antibiotic sector. The only approach is to employ antibiotics when direly necessary. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of symptomatic therapy with antibiotics in adults with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Methodology: This descriptive comparative study was carried out at Medical Unit of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan for the duration from August 2022 to January 2023. A total of 140 adult patients in the age range of 20 to 70 years with urinary tracts infection in the absence of any complication were registered. UTI was confirmed based clinical symptoms of painful and frequent micturition, lower abdominal discomfort and fever supported by urinalysis showing more than 10 white cells/HPF and casts. Patients were arbitrarily assigned to two groups (A and B) in equal number. Patients in Group A received symptomatic management with antipyretics and pain killers while group B received antibiotics for 07 days. Treatment goal was subsidence of symptomatology measured on day 7 after treatment initiation. IBM SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 20 to 70 years with mean age 31.40±5.411 years in symptomatic group versus 34.16±4.786 years in antibiotic group. Majority of the participants belong to age group 20-40 years in either treatment category. Female participants were more frequently registered in either treatment group. Symptomatic treatment was effective in 39 patients (55.7%) patients while antibiotics were effective in 63 patients (90.0%) patients (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Symptomatic treatment is not inferior to antibiotic treatment when proper patient selection is undertaken, resulting in decreased need for unnecessary antibiotics use. Keywords: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Treatment
The Role of Diagnostic Radiology in Pregnancy Induced Gynecological Complications. A Clinical Based Comparative Study
Authors: Orakzai Zubair Janan , Noureen Sumaira , Ahmad Rubia , Naveed Aaish , Zainab Sara , Rehman Irsa Ul
Published: May 2023

Objective: Our clinical expedition sought to unearth the efficacy of diagnostic radiology in unveiling the shrouded dimensions of pregnancy-related gynecological complications, thereby guiding clinicians through the mazes of maternal-fetal well-being. Study Design: In this kaleidoscopic investigation, we orchestrated a prospective, comparative study, meticulously juxtaposing the performance of diagnostic radiology modalities in a cohort of expectant mothers embroiled in the throes of gynecological complications. Study Place and Duration: This study was MTI Mardan Teaching Institute, Mardan Medical Complex Mardan, KPK in the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Methods: 300 pregnant women with complex gynecological issues were selected with great care to participate in the research. Utilizing ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, radiological results were meticulously evaluated, their efficacy was quantified and compared with clinical outcomes, and the mother-child symphony was brought into harmony. Results: In this clinical magnum opus, diagnostic radiology emerged as a guiding beacon, its ultrasonographic prowess unequivocally outshining alternative modalities in unraveling the enigmatic strands of pregnancy-induced gynecological complications (sensitivity: 92.7%, specificity: 89.6%). The harmony of maternal-fetal well-being was upheld, with minimal risks of radiation exposure, and a symphony of optimized clinical decision-making ensued. Conclusion: Our clinical epic concludes that diagnostic radiology, with ultrasonography as its resplendent hero, is an indispensable instrument in navigating the tumultuous seas of pregnancy-induced gynecological complications. This radiant beacon illuminates the path to a harmonious maternal-fetal duet, empowering clinicians to orchestrate a symphony of optimal patient care. Keywords: diagnostic radiology, pregnancy-induced, gynecological complications, ultrasonography, clinical comparative study, maternal-fetal well-being.
In Mandibular Second Molars, Prevalence of C-Shaped Root Canals
Authors: Rana Mehmood Ahmed , Akram Anam , Shah Syed Abdul Rauf , Tahir Mohammad , Gilani Saqlain Bin Syed , Nadeem Khurram
Published: May 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the frequency of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canals in a population living in Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: This retrospective study was conducted at Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College during in the period from June, 2022 to November, 2022. Methods: Total 118 patients were presented with mandibular second molars scheduled for root canal treatment. CBCT scans of patients from diagnostic imaging center were selected. C-shaped root canals were determined by radiographic method using Fan’s criteria. The frequency and distribution of canals and their configuration along with the position of lingual/buccal grooves in the images were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were majority 72 (61.02%) females and 46 (38.98%) were males in this study. In our study mean age of the patients was 26.16±13.74 years. Frequency of C-shaped mandibular second molars was found in 12 (10.2%) cases. Among 12 cases, majority of the C-shaped root canals found in right side 7 (5.9%) and 5 (4.2%) C-shaped root canals found in left side. Majority of the C-shaped root canals found in females. Frequency of buccal groove among C-shaped root canals was 6 followed by both buccal and lingual groove in 4 and only lingual groove in 2 cases. Conclusion: According to CBCT analysis, 10.2% of second molars exhibited C-shaped canals. These teeth stood out due to the presence of a deep buccal groove. Right-sided mandibular second molar presence was statistically significant (P = 0.016), according to the data. Keywords: CBCT, Mandibular Second Molars, C-shaped canals, Buccal Groove
A Clinical Trial of Patient Reported Alterations in Pain and Opioid Intake Following Paracetamol and Magnesium Sulfate after Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Qureshi Rizwan , Kaleem Hafza Mahnoor , Toosy Waleed Javaid , Imtiaz Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Paracetamol and magnesium sulphate may aid in pain management, which is crucial to examine in view of the potential detrimental effects of taking opioids increased doses postoperatively for pain management.This study investigated the impact of paracetamol and magnesium sulphate on the amount of pain experienced after orthognathic surgery, as well as the amount of opioids needed. Place of Study: Avicenna Medical College Lahore Study Duration: January 2021 to December 2021 Materials and Methods: Patients who were due to undergo bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were separated into two groups, each containing 20 individuals, for the purpose of this randomized, double-masked clinical experiment. Patients in group 1 received an intravenous infusion of 1 gram of acetaminophen (paracetamol) within 20 minutes, while patients in group 2 received an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate at a rate of 50 milligrams per kilogram one hour before the surgery was completed. Before the patients were permitted to leave the recovery area, they were given a visual analogue scale and asked to rate their level of discomfort on it. This proceeded at the same four-hour intervals for the next twelve hours (VAS). A dose of 30 milligrams of pethidine was delivered to anyone with a pain score of five or higher at any time. Results: In addition to the Chi-square test, the t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U test, the data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation (GEE).(P > 0.05) There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of pain reported by either group during recovery or after 4 and 8 hours. This was true at all three time intervals. At the 12-hour point, the pain score of the magnesium sulphate group was considerably lower than that of the other groups (P = 0.008). It was concluded that there was no discernible change in the required amount of pethidine (P>0.05). Conclusion: It was shown that magnesium sulphate was marginally more effective than paracetamol at reducing postoperative pain and the need for opioids. Both magnesium sulphate and paracetamol were effective in alleviating postoperative pain and minimizing the need for opioids. Keywords: Acetaminophen; Magnesium Sulfate; Analgesics, Opioid; Orthognathic Surgery; Pain
Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Into the Pakistani Medical Curriculum is Essential
Authors: Mirza Tayyeba Iftikhar , Inam Shazia , Rahim Saira , Haq Momina , Liaquat Aisha , Nishat Mufassar
Published: May 2023

The majority of respondents who took part in a survey were of the opinion that there should be a greater focus placed on behavioural and social sciences within the curriculum of medical schools. This is done to ensure that graduates of medical schools will be able to practise medicine in a manner that is both safe and effective. Despite the fact that behavioural and social sciences make significant contributions to the effectiveness of health care delivery, traditional medical school curricula have not traditionally placed a significant amount of focus on the study of these subjects. This article's objective is to provide the reader with a more in-depth comprehension of the value of social and behavioural sciences in medical education as well as the breadth of their application in a variety of different settings. Additionally, it discusses the areas of social and behavioural sciences that are significant to medicine, as well as the efficacy of incorporating them into the curricula of medical schools in order to educate and train future medical professionals to practise medicine in a manner that is fully informed. Place of Study: Foundation University Islamabad Study Duration: February 2022 to July 2022 Study Design: Empirical research Conclusion: This study examines the importance of teaching future doctors about medicine's social and behavioural aspects. It gives medical school educators the latest information on how to best teach medical students to succeed in the medical industry. Medical educators, administrators, policymakers, and other stakeholders must work together to integrate social and behavioural sciences into medical curricula. Keywords: Medical curriculum's courses, the social and behavioral sciences, and the foundations of medical education.
Kirkpatrick's Approach to Build Faculty Development Programs in Medical Education
Authors: Ahmad Sundas , Imtiaz Mavra , Aziz Rao Salman , Manzoor Nusrat , Ahmed Shoaib , Habib Bilal
Published: May 2023

This article demonstrates how to create, manage, and administer a comprehensive faculty development programme utilising the Kirkpatrick model. The academic literature lacks discussion and analysis of how faculty development might improve healthcare faculty in all academic domains. This study shows that the Kirkpatrick model may be used to create and manage institutional faculty development programmes, filling a gap in the academic literature. If medical schools priorities staff development in line with their mission, they can become more competitive and serve their students better. Healthcare students will benefit from this. Place of Study: Rai Medical College Sargodha Study Duration: June 2021 to February 2022 Study Design: Empirical research Conclusion: This article suggests that faculty development should be done methodically and to fit the needs of various faculty groups. It also suggests that the educators' ultimate purpose is to train medical business executives who can handle the challenges of modern medicine on their own. Medical education programmes must adapt to changing stakeholder needs, focusing on outcomes rather than instruction. Keywords: Faculty Development Program, Medical Education, Kirkpatrick’s Model, Teaching Performance, Effectiveness
Assessing Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Identifying Risk Factors in Interstitial Lung Disease Patients
Authors: Shahid Madeha , Uzair Saadia , Salam Abdul , Khan Ibrahim Ali , Kumar Ankash , Solangi Faheem Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Background: Chronic lungdiseases are severe diseases which have a wide prevalence of osteoporosis in them. These chronic lung diseases include cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there is only limited data available that define its risk factors and its prevalence in patients that have Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). Objective: The purpose of this research is to study patients with ILD and determine the risk factors and prevalence of osteoporosis in ILD patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Gulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore from December 2021 to December 2022 Methodology: A total of 80 patients participated in this research. This research is a cross-sectional analysis of all of those patients who had ILD. Every patient that was already admitted to the hospital was a part of this study. The clinical data and demographics of each participant were noted down. In order to measure the density of the bone mineral, an absorptiometry scan (x-ray), which was of dual-energy, of the femoral neck of the patient was performed. To identify osteoporosis, T-scores were considered, as we were following the guidelines of the World Health Organization. The risk factors were identified by conducting multivariate as well as univariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The majority of the sample size were females, representing 67.5 percent of the participants (n=54). The average age was 55.8 years. There were 32 patients in whom osteoporosis was identified. Univariate analysis showed certain factors that were positively related to osteoporosis. These factors include the time period of symptoms, female gender, and a low hemoglobin level. Multivariate analysis showed the hemoglobin level and the time period of symptoms as independent risk factors. Conclusion: In patients that are diagnosed with Interstitial Lung Disease, osteoporosis is a common problem. The existence of osteoporosis in these patients can be determined by low hemoglobin levels and the longer time period of the symptoms. Keywords: Interstitial Lung Disease. Osteoporosis, chronic lung disease, adults
Screening of Phytochemicals and Anticancer Potential of Maclura Pomifera Leaves Extract
Authors: Saeed Silwat , Khan Muhammad Imran Ali , Ayesha Sana , Zahid Zartasha , Younis Muhammad , Kashan Muhammad Waqas , Khan Gul Zahra , Tahir Muhammad , Khan Sajid Abbas , Kamal Muhammad , Mansab Tauqeer
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Maclura pomifera, is small deciduous tree which is commonly called as Osage orange. It typically grows about 8 to 15 meters tall. Maclura pomifera secrete white latex material which is sticky in nature on damaging. The common name of this plant is not related with citrus fruit family “orange” Maclura pomifera belongs to mulberry family called Moraceae. Method: The extract of Maclura pomifera leaves was prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. The major groups of phytochemicals were present it such as, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and steroids. Results: The different parts of plants contain, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenolic and many other bio-compound. Due to these compounds, plants posse’s antidiabetic, anti-cardiovascular, and anticancer activities. The leaves of Maclura pomifera extract possessed higher cytotoxic potential with IC50 78.9 µg/ml. The cytotoxic potential of extract was checked through MTT assay against the hepatic cancer (HepG2) cells, Conclusion: These bio-compounds are present in the Maclura pomifera, due to this reason, this plant is used against several disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer. Which give the valuable results. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Anticancer, Cardiovascular, Maclura pomifera, Bio-compounds, Cytotoxic potential
Frequency and Pattern of Presentation of Different Types of TMJ Ankylosis in Patients Presenting to Nisthar Institute of Dentistry, Multan
Authors: Muntaha Sidra Tul , Fishan Muhammad , Nazir Asif , Fareed Inqlab , Abbas Nasir , Hashmi Safura
Published: May 2023

Objective: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a disorder where the temporomandibular joint, which joins the lower jaw to the skull, fuses or becomes "ankylosed." This can result in pain, difficulty opening the mouth, and other symptoms as a result of an injury, infection, or other factors. TMJ ankylosis can be treated with surgery, medication, and physical therapy. Arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, and open-joint surgery are surgical options. This retrospective study sought to examine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis pattern and its underlying causes in patients who had received treatment at Multan's Nisthar Institute of Dentistry. Methods: From 2018 to 2022, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan treated patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis for 4 years. All patients whose records were sufficiently complete were analyzed in this research. Demographic data, the cause and pattern of ankylosis, the interval between the injury and therapy, simultaneous facial lacerations, remnant dislocation, a previous pedicle method, mouth opening prior to and following ankylosis treatment, health issues, the follow-up period, and physical therapy prior to and following ankylosis treatment are all included in the information. Results: Out of 32 patients with 45 afflicted joints and a mean ± standard deviation age of 29.90 ± 17.08 years, 25 (78%) occurrences of temporomandibular joint ankylosis were attributed to trauma (mainly between 20 and 29 years old). Bilateral participation outweighed unilateral involvement 13 to 9 and males outnumbered women 23 to 9. Restricted mouth opening was the patient's primary complaint the majority of the time (n=24, or 75%). The temporomandibular joint was completely ankylosed in 24 individuals. Prior to surgery, the mean maximum mouth openness was 0.95 ± 0.45 cm; however, it dramatically elevated to 4.50 ± 0.50 cm (p-value 0.001) following surgery. Conclusions: This research found that the most frequent complication of temporomandibular joint ankylosis among the participants it looked at was trauma. The patient's limited mouth opening was their most frequent primary complaint. Additionally, this study's findings revealed that men are more likely than women to develop TMJ ankylosis and that these patients' TMJ functions can be significantly improved through the surgery. Keywords: temporomandibular, TMJ, temporomandibular joint
In-Vitro Effect of Effectively of G-Bond and Z-Prime Plus in Prevention of Fracture of Prefabricated Zirconia Posts Bonded to Root Canal Walls
Authors: Kaleem Hafza Mahnoor , Qureshi Rizwan , Toosy Waleed Javaid , Imtiaz Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of Z-Prime Plus and G-Bond on zirconia posts fracture resistance affixed to the walls of root canals. Place of Study: Avicenna Medical College Lahore Study Duration: March 2021 to April 2022 Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, the diameter and length of each of the 20 mandibular premolars used were identical. This assured that the study's findings were comparable. Once a cut was made at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to prepare the teeth for root canal therapy, the teeth were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n=11) with the same number of teeth in each group. In the experiment, a single tooth from each group was chosen at random to serve as the control. A post space of approximately 10 millimeters in length was established in the remaining teeth. The following process involved etching the intracanal dentin, followed by rinsing and drying the material. The technique involved filling the canal with Panavia F2 resin cement. After applying G-Bond and Z-Prime Plus to the zirconia posts in respectively, groups 1 and 2, the placement of post was done in the canals and subsequently cemented. The photo core resin composite material was utilized in the fabrication of the cores. The longitudinal axis of the teeth was compressed by a force application to the core of central fossa o at a crosshead speed of 0.5 millimeters per minute. This was accomplished with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The load that caused the fracture was measured and documented. To analyze the data, a t-test was conducted, and a normal distribution was also taken into account. Result: The results indicated that the average fracture resistance of G-Bond was 1088.1±330 while the average fracture resistance of Z-Prime Plus was 898.4±369 however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.3). Practical Implication: The influence of Z-Prime Plus and G-Bond on zirconia posts fracture resistance affixed to the walls of root canals Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the fracture resistance of zirconia posts bound with G-Bond and Z-Prime Plus to root canal walls. In contrast, G-Bond is highly advised for usage in this application due to its decreased coefficient of variation (CV) and significantly increased fracture resistance. This makes it a great option for the current endeavor. Keywords: Primer; resin composite; shear bond strength; zirconia ceramic, G-Bond, Post and Core Technique, Z-Prime Plus
Trisomy 21 Testing in Second Trimester: Reliability Comparison of Triple and Quadruple Testing in Pakistan
Authors: Yasin Shumaila , Ahmed Sarfraz , Shahbaz Mariya , Umer Sabeena , Roman Shazia , Irshad Faiza
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Down syndrome is a disorder that affects one in every 700 babies born, and it is one of the most frequent causes of developmental delay (DS). In Pakistan, prenatal screening for Down syndrome is not being practised according to any approved protocol. The biochemical screening that takes place during the second trimester is still carried out using the triple test. Although the quadruple test has a better sensitivity and specificity than other diagnostic methods, its usage in routine medical settings is not advised. The purpose of this study was to explore the second trimester screening for trisomy 21 (quadruple test with genetic sonogram) in order to determine its sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to biochemical testing. Place of Study: District Headquarters Hospital, Gujranwala Duration of Study: January 2021 to December 2021 Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in a Fetal Medicine Centre with the purpose of analysing the odds of being affected with Down syndrome, given a positive risk (OAPR) upon screening in the quadruple test; triple test and quadruple test plus a genetic sonogram for highrisk singleton pregnancies (in view of advanced maternal age; an anomaly scan showing some abnormality, etc.). Given the presence of a positive risk factor, the goal of this study was to ascertain the likelihood of having a child impacted by Down syndrome. Practical Implication: To explore the second trimester screening for trisomy 21 (quadruple test with genetic sonogram) in order to determine its sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to biochemical testing. Results: The discovery of trisomies was made after an investigation into 3,042 highrisk pregnancies with a singleton baby. 327 pregnant women who have received positive findings from a triple test, quadruple test, or quadruple test in addition to a genetic ultrasonography opt to have an amniocentesis. This decision was made after the ladies learned that their unborn child may have a genetic disorder. It was discovered that 20 of the developing babies were affected by Down syndrome. The OAPR for the quadruple test was demonstrated to be significantly higher when compared to the OAPR for the triple test (1:29.1 as compared to 1:39.2). It was found that the combination of the triple test and the genetic sonogram had the highest OAPR of 1:7. Conclusions: The triple test combined with a genetic sonogram is the most effective tool for screening for trisomy 21, and it has the potential to cut down on the number of unnecessary amniocentesis operations carried out in high-risk populations. Keywords: Down syndrome, genetic, quadruples test, second trimester screening, triple test,ultrasound
Integrated Medical Curriculum in Pakistani Educational Environment its Merits and Demerits
Authors: Ahmad Sundas , Inam Shazia , Mirza Tayyeba Iftikhar , Zaman Salma , Ghassan Ayesha , Nishat Mufassar
Published: May 2023

The majority of medical school curricula have been merged both horizontally and vertically, with clinical and fundamental sciences integrating vertically. This has contributed to a more complete education. The Flexnerian curriculum is being phased out to make room for the merging of basic sciences and clinical sciences, which are now taught concurrently across the curriculum. This modification was made to allow for integration. We have developed an alternate approach of integration in which the teaching of the sciences is displayed on the vertical axis and the defined learning outcomes are depicted on the horizontal axis; this strategy is then adopted throughout all courses. We believe that it is not sufficient to merely integrate the basic and clinical sciences in the field of medicine; rather, it is vital to lay an emphasis on the importance of humanism in addition to the public health sciences. In other words, we believe that merely integrating the basic and clinical sciences in the realm of medicine is insufficient. Integration of the basic and clinical sciences, humanism, and health population into the curriculum's vertical axis is essential not only in the early years of the programme, but throughout its entirety. This involves the use of problem- or case-based active teaching strategies in small groups. Place of Study: Rai Medical College Sargodha Study Duration: January 2022 to June 2022 Study Design: Empirical research Conclusion: In conclusion, an integrated medical curriculum has both its positive and negative aspects to consider. An integrated curriculum, on the other hand, can offer medical students with a thorough grasp of the human body, as well as improve critical thinking and foster interdisciplinary learning, provided that it is done successfully. Keywords: integrated curriculum types, sciences integration, curricular architecture and development
Neoliberalleşme ve Küreselleşme Bağlamında Eski Sanayi Alanlarının Yenilenmesi: Londra Docklands ve Hamburg Hafencity Örnekleri
Authors: AKYAPI Semina
Published: May 2023

20.yy’ın sonlarına doğru kent merkezleri hizmet sektörünün gözde noktalarına dönmüş, ağır sanayi ise üretim sisteminin değişimine, kentlerde yaşanan çevresel problemlere ve işçi maaşlarının yüksekliğine bağlı olarak kent merkezlerinden taşınmıştır. Ortaya çıkan eski sanayi alanlarının nasıl yenileneceği ise yeni bir uğraş konusu olmuştur. 1980’lerde neoliberal ekonomik düzenle, postfordist üretim tarzıyla ve yeni teknolojilerle büyüyen küreselleşme, küresel kentleri yaratmıştır. Kentsel yenileme ise bu yeni küresel kent yaklaşımıyla paralel bir minvale girmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da 1970’lere kadar ticarete kattıkları güçle kilit yerler olan sanayi alanlarının âtıl hale gelmesine etken olan faktörleri ve söz konusu bu sanayi alanlarında gerçekleştirilen yenileme projelerindeki politikaları ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle kentsel yenilemenin ne olduğu ve 1980 öncesine kadarki gelişim süreci açıklanmıştır. Daha sonrasında ise kentsel yenilemeyi 1980’lerden sonra faklı bir yöne eviren, neoliberalleşme ve küreselleşme paradigmalarıyla sanayi alanları için prestij projeleri haline getiren sürecin perde arkası açıklanmıştır. Docklands ve Hafencity alanları sanayi desantralizasyonu sonucu eski misyonunu kaybetmiş iki bölge olarak 1970 gelişmelerinin ilk tesir ettiği yerlerden biri olan Avrupa Kıtasında yer almaları, küresel ve metropoliten kentler olmaları, çalışma için incelemeye tabi tutulmak adına yeterli bir literatüre sahip olmaları sebebiyle seçilmiştir. Özellikle Londra Docklands’ın eski liman-sanayi yenilemelerinde öncülerden biri olarak kabul edilmesi seçilmesi için önemli bir kriter olmuştur. Hafencity Projesi ise dünyanın en büyük imar alanı sayılan Hamburg’da yer alması açısından önemli bir projedir.
SOSIALISASI MANFAAT BERWIRAUSAHA BAGI BADAN PENGURUS BADAN DIAKONAT JEMAAT GEREJA KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Ndoen Wehelmina , Markus Bunga  , Christien Foenay  , Anderias Anabuni
Published: May 2023

Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk melaksanakan pendampingan pada kelompok BP BDJ Gereja Kota Kupang agar dapat mempunyai kemampuan pengelolaan usaha terkhusus produksi aneka olahan buah papaya kacang tanah dan juga teknik pemasaran. Kelompok ini dipilih karena dalam melaksanakan tugas pelayanannya di gereja senantiasa memberi dukungan bagi perkembangan usaha ekonomi jemaat. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok tersebut adalah rendahnya kemampuan pengelolaan usaha terutama dari aspek produksi dan pemasaran produk dan juga minimnya kemampuan dan ketrampilan dalam teknik pengolahan buah papaya dan kacang tanah. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan dalam proses produksi aneka olahan buah pepaya sekaligus memguasai teknik pemasaran yang baik. Selain itu juga akan dibentuk kelompok usaha baru yang merupakan cikal bakal pengembangan ipteks dan jiwa wira usaha bagi warga gereja yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada peningkatan ekonomi jemaat
SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN PERPAJAKAN BAGI PELAKU UMKM (STUDI KASUS TB. LANTARAN ASIH DAN TB. ANSANA JAYA)
Authors: Albertus Kukuh Yudi Pratama  , Hasim As’ari
Published: May 2023

Kesadaran membayar pajak oleh pelaku dan karyawan UMKM merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam masalah perpajakan. Regulasi perpajakan yang berlaku bagi pelaku dan karyawan UMKM masih sulit dipahami, terutama jika harus mengikuti standar pelaporan. Pelaku dan karyawan UMKM seringkali memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai peraturan perpajakan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran membayar pajak dan memberi edukasi  tentang pajak di Indonesia. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi serta pelatihan mengenai perpajakan atas  kendala maupun  masalah tentang pelaporan pajak yang dilakukan oleh  pelaku maupun karyawan UMKM, dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran untuk tertib membayar pajak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi (in-service training) dan juga pelatihan (on-service training). Kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan ini diadakan di Tb.Lantaran Asih dan Tb.Ansana Jaya, Desa Ngablak, Kecamatan Ngablak, Kabupaten Magelang. Peserta pelatihan terdiri dari 22 orang yang terdiri dari 2 orang pelaku  usaha dan 20 orang  karyawan Tb. Lantaran Asih. Hasil sosialisasi telah memberikan pengetahuan tentang PPN, PPh Pasal 4 ayat (2), dan PPh 21, serta mendorong  pelaku  usaha dan karyawannya agar taat pada pajak yang sesuai dengan sistem  perpajakan di Indonesia. Hasil dari sosialisasi dan pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa para peserta sudah memahami regulasi perpajakan dan cara perhitungan pajak, terutama pada  PPN 11 persen, PPh pasal 4 ayat 2, dan PPh 21 yang sering diterapkan dalam pembayaran pajak
Porque uma Técnica do Início do Século XIX é Importante no Desenvolvimento dos Transplantes de Órgãos?
Authors: Guillaumon Ana Terezinha
Published: May 2023

A autora apresenta uma visão peculiar da importância de Alexis Carrel na elaboração dos princípios técnicos das anastomoses vasculares e preservação de órgãos. Sua genialidade desenvolveu técnicas de suturas vasculares inovatórias. Seus trabalhos experimentais apresentaram detalhamento técnico bem metodizado com aplicabilidade nas diversas características anatômicas vasculares e calibre dos vasos, que permitiram o avanço das cirurgias envolvendo vasos. Os princípios operatórios traçados alicerçaram as cirurgias de transplantes e são até hoje empregadas.
Perspective: Focused-Ultrasound Guided Neuropeptide Delivery as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Psychiatry
Authors:   Emory University, Karthikeyan Manjushri , Shrivastava Ahaana ,   Emory University, Neff Andrew ,   Emory University
Published: May 2023

Although drugs are a critical component of mental healthcare, most have modest benefits and significant side effects. One way to develop a superior intervention would be to administer drugs with the spatial and temporal precision that better replicates natural diversity within neurotransmitter systems. A technology called focused-ultrasound (FU) may be able to safely and transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier with spatial precision, permitting the site-specific delivery of molecules that do not conventionally cross the blood-brain barrier. If this method is proven to be safe and effective in larger human trials, it may trigger a paradigm shift in biopsychology research where the level of precision with which neurotransmitter systems can be influenced is massively increased. In this article, we use the example of oxytocin in the treatment of Autism. We propose that intranasal administration is not highly effective because it leads to oxytocin’s wide dispersion throughout the brain, failing to specifically stimulate oxytocin’s prosocial effects in specific regions. Consequently, we hypothesize that site-specific delivery of oxytocin, particularly in brain regions such as the Nucleus Accumbens and Ventral Tegmental Area, would lead to more consistent benefits.
Study of Application of De-Morgan’s law in Modern Fields
Authors:   Amity School of Applied Science, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India, Saha Ranjini
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses about the De-Morgan's Law, with both the conditions, the law re-lates the intersection and union of sets through complements. In propositional logic De-Morgan’s Laws relate conjunctions and disjunctions of propositions through nega-tion. Use of the law in Boolean algebra has been demonstrated through logic diagram and application of the law in other fields have been described, the paper also discusses about the law along with some examples to prove the law.
Footprinting Using Nmap Authors Yuvraj Singh
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Yuvraj
Published: May 2023

Nmap is inbuilt in Kali Linux that is utilized by the organization to identify the weakness and remediate it. There are different sorts of subtleties that Nmap offers in the wake of filtering the objective. The data expressed in the manuscript can be utilized comprehend the idea of what Footprinting is, what hackers search for to Footprint, and how to shield against it. Nmap is a free and open-source utility for network disclosure and security examining. Numerous frameworks and organization heads additionally find it valuable for errands. In this paper, the study is conducted on the utilization of NMAP for the footprinting. The cloudflare server is utilized for the study. The suggestions on are provided to avoid the footprinting. The results of the study will be helpful to avoid the footprinting.