bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three general concepts to improve risk prediction: good data, wisdom of the crowd, recalibration
Authors: Kondofersky Ivan , Laimighofer Michael , Kurz Christoph , Krautenbacher Norbert , Söllner Julia F. , Dargatz Philip , Scherb Hagen , Ankerst Donna P. , Fuchs Christiane
Published: November 2016

In today's information age, the necessary means exist for clinical risk prediction to capitalize on a multitude of data sources, increasing the potential for greater accuracy and improved patient care. Towards this objective, the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge posted comprehensive information from three clinical trials recording survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with first-line docetaxel. A subset of an independent clinical trial was used for interim evaluation of model submissions, providing critical feedback to participating teams for tailoring their models to the desired target. Final submitted models were evaluated and ranked on the independent clinical trial. Our team, called "A Bavarian Dream", utilized many of the common statistical methods for data dimension reduction and summarization during the trial. Three general modeling principles emerged that were deemed helpful for building accurate risk prediction tools and ending up among the winning teams of both sub-challenges. These principles included: first, good data, encompassing the collection of important variables and imputation of missing data; second, wisdom of the crowd, extending beyond the usual model ensemble notion to the inclusion of experts on specific risk ranges; and third, recalibration, entailing transfer learning to the target source. In this study, we illustrate the application and impact of these principles applied to data from the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge.
Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease
Authors: Segal Anthony W.
Published: November 2016

The cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammation in the primary immunodeficiencies that generally lead to very early onset diffuse bowel inflammation in humans and in animal models, and the real syndrome of CD. In the latter, a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms, allows the faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. Direct investigation of patients’ inflammatory response together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA sequencing indicate that in CD the failure of acute inflammation and the clearance of bacteria from the tissues, and from within cells, is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. In this review I will examine the contemporary evidence that has led to this understanding, and look for explanations for the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease.
Cost-effectiveness of once-daily versus twice-daily regimens in the treatment of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a probabilistic decision model
Authors: Sanni-Oba Muinat B. , Uthman Olalekan A. , Nachega Jean B.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:Regimen simplification of ART, by administering them less frequently, has been suggested as a practical approach to improve adherence. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of once-daily (QD) versus twice-daily (BID) antiretroviral (ART) regimens in the treatment of HIV. METHODS:A Model-based Markov modelling of cost-effectiveness using secondary data sources was developed to determine the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained of QD versus BID ART regimen for a hypothetical cohort treatment-naïve adults with HIV, from the Sub-Saharan African healthcare payer’s perspective. RESULTS:At base-case values for all parameters, the total number of QALY gained by QD regimen was 0.27 and the incremental cost difference of $2147.04. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of QD versus BID regimen was $8087/QALY gained. The ICER was most sensitive to the variations in the total medical cost of state A (asymptomatic, non-AIDS, CD4> 350 cells/μL), total medical Cost State D (symptomatic AIDS or severe symptoms), and utility of State A. In our bootstrap analysis, 60% of bootstrap replicates for the ICER shows that QD is more costly and more effective than BID regimen, while the remaining 40% replicates shows that QD is less costly and less effective than BID. If decision-makers were willing to pay $1000 per QALY gained, the probability of QD being cost-effective was 44%. The probability of QD regimen being cost-effective was 48% when the willing to pay was $5000. CONCLUSIONS:From a sub-Saharan Africa societal perspective QD regimen cannot be regarded as cost-effective, although there is substantial decision uncertainty. Findings from the economic evaluation are important for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to consider as they decide whether to adopt the new branded single tablet regimen. Generic-based ART could yield substantial budgetary saving to HIV programmes in LMIC.
Methodical Support of Primary School Teachers: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Якимова  , Yakimova N.
Published: November 2016

On the basis of the analysis of requirements of the Federal state educational standard of primary education and its implementation problems the

article justifies the necessity of methodical maintenance of primary school teachers. The article defines the content, principles, directions and

forms of methodological support, its role in the conditions of the second-generation standard.
The Product Market Impact of Minority Stake Acquisitions
Authors: Nain Amrita , Wang Yan
Published: November 2016

We show that partial equity ownership of a rival firm reduces product market competition. Acquisitions of a minority equity stake in rival firms are followed by higher output prices and higher industry profits, particularly when barriers to entry are high. Stock-price reactions of nonparticipating competitors of the acquirer and target are positive while announcement returns of customer firms are negative. Moreover, announcement returns of rivals are significantly higher and those of customers weakly lower when the customer industry is more competitive and when the acquirer and target are larger firms.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2575 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Online and Offline Information for Omnichannel Retailing
Authors: Gao Fei , Su Xuanming
Published: November 2016

This paper studies how retailers can effectively deliver online and offline information to omnichannel consumers who strategically choose whether to gather information online or offline and whether to buy products online or offline. Information resolves two types of uncertainty: product value uncertainty (i.e., consumers realize valuations when they inspect the product in store, but may end up returning the product when they purchase online) and availability uncertainty (i.e., store visits are futile when consumers encounter stockouts). We consider three information mechanisms: physical showrooms allow consumers to learn valuations anytime they visit the store, even during stockouts; virtual showrooms give consumers online access to an imperfect signal of their valuations; availability information provides real-time information about whether the store has a product in stock. Our main results follow. First, physical showrooms may prompt retailers to reduce store inventory, which increases availability risk and discourages store patronage. Second, virtual showrooms may increase online returns and hurt profits, if they induce excessive customer migration from store to online channels. Third, availability information may be redundant when availability risk is low and may render physical showrooms ineffective when implemented jointly. Finally, when customers are homogeneous, these mechanisms may not exhibit significant complementarities and the optimal information structure may involve choosing only one of the three.
Appropriate pain assessment tools for use in patients with dementia in the out-of-hospital environment
Authors: Armour Richard , Murphy-Jones Barry
Published: November 2016

There is substantial evidence to suggest adults with cognitive impairment, caused by degenerative conditions such as dementia, are at a significantly higher risk of suboptimal pain assessment and management in the acute care setting when compared to adults without cognitive impairment. This paper aims to assess the pain assessment tools most appropriate for use in adults with cognitive impairment as a result of dementia within the out-of-hospital setting.

A search of the literature was conducted in May 2016. The databases searched were Pubmed (Medline) and Embase. The primary types of literature retrieved were meta-reviews, systematic reviews or reviews. All subcategories of dementia were included in this review. From the search strategies, 12 relevant articles and 35 pain assessment tools for use in patients with dementia were identified.

In this review, the Abbey Pain Scale and PAINAD have been identified as tools substantiated in the literature for use in detecting pain in adults with dementia, which likely have applications in the out-of-hospital environment. A trial of either the Abbey Pain Scale or PAINAD in an emergency ambulance service is appropriate and likely warranted to assess their impact on pain assessment in this vulnerable patient group.
Pathologies of policy learning: what are they and how do they contribute to policy failure?
Authors: Dunlop Claire A.
Published: November 2016

We analyse policy failure as a degeneration of policy learning. Analytically, we drill down on one type – epistemic learning. This is the realm of evidenced-based policymaking (EBPM), where experts advise decision-makers on issues of technical complexity. Empirically, we present the management of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in England since 1997 as a failure of epistemic learning. Drawing on elite interviews and documentary analysis, weaknesses in government’s management of its relationship with an epistemic community are analysed as problems of learning about different aspects of organisational capacity. We conclude discussing the value of learning theories as conceptual lenses for policy failure.
Consensus or Controversy?: Evolution of Criteria for Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tricoci Pierluigi
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

The definition and the clinical implications of myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention have been subjects of unresolved controversy. As a result of the use of more sensitive diagnostic tools such as cardiac troponin, the expanding evidence, and the ensuing debate, the definition of procedural MI (pMI) has evolved, leading to several revisions, different proposed definitions, and lack of standardization in randomized clinical trials.

CONTENT

In this review, we will describe the key clinical data on cardiac biomarkers, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cTn, in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and the main issues that have lead to various consensus documents with a proposed definition of pMI. We will focus on the rationale of the current “Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction” and of the alternative approach proposed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.

The definition of pMI is an evolving field where the Third Universal MI definition represents the best attempt to date to incorporate available evidence along with scientific and clinical judgment into criteria to ensure adequate specificity in the diagnosis and the relevant prognostic significance, while trying to maintain sensitivity. Questions on the recommended criteria and their practical implementation remain, but the Third Universal definition document represents an important milestone toward a better standardization and enhanced consensus on the pMI definition.
Association of Repeatedly Measured High-Sensitivity–Assayed Troponin I with Cardiovascular Disease Events in a General Population from the MORGAM/BiomarCaRE Study
Authors: Hughes Maria F , Ojeda Francisco , Saarela Olli , Jørgensen Torben , Zeller Tanja , Palosaari Tarja , O'Doherty Mark G , Borglykke Anders , Kuulasmaa Kari , Blankenberg Stefan , Kee Frank
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations reflect myocardial stress. The role of hs-cTnI in predicting long-term changes in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations is not clearly defined.

METHODS

We investigated whether the change in 3 repeated measures of hs-cTnI collected 5 years apart in a prospective Danish study (3875 participants, initially aged 30–60 years, 51% female, disease free at baseline) improves 10-year prediction of incident CVD compared to using a single most recent hs-cTnI measurement. The change process was modelled using a joint (longitudinal and survival) model and compared to a Cox model using a single hs-cTnI measure adjusted for classic CVD risk factors, and evaluated using discrimination statistics.

RESULTS

Median hs-cTnI concentrations changed from 2.6 ng/L to 3.4 ng/L over 10 years. The change in hs-cTnI predicts 10-year risk of CVD (581 events); the joint model gave a hazard ratio of 1.31 per interquartile difference in hs-cTnI (95% CI 1.15–1.48) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. However, the joint model performed only marginally better (c-index improvement 0.0041, P = 0.03) than using a single hs-cTnI measure (c-index improvement 0.0052, P = 0.04) for prediction of CVD, compared to a model incorporating CVD risk factors without hs-cTnI (c-index 0.744).

CONCLUSIONS

The change in hs-cTnI in 5-year intervals better predicts risk of CVD in the general population, but the most recent measure of hs-cTnI, (at 10 years) is as effective in predicting CVD risk. This simplifies the use of hs-cTnI as a prognostic marker for primary prevention of CVD in the general population.
Whose crisis? Dogtooth and the invisible middle class
Authors: Barotsi Rosa
Published: November 2016

Lanthimos’s Kynodontas/Dogtooth (2009) has been viewed by audiences, journalists, critics and the Greek political class alike as tapping into the issues that stand at the heart of the contemporary political moment. Reception of the film has often focused on the allegorical family in relation to the malaises of neo-liberalism, austerity and the crisis. My contention is that one of the most crucial aspects of this type of account, the economic well-being and class identity of the family, has strangely failed to be taken into consideration. This article shows that the upper middleclass status of the fictional family is one of the premises of the dystopian world of Dogtooth, and demonstrates the various ways in which the omission of the family’s financial prosperity has been central in the rhetoric used to discuss the film’s ostensible political import.
Obesity and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Matveeva Mariia Vladimirovna , Samoylova Julia Gennadevna , Zhukova Natalija Grigorevna
Published: November 2016

Obesity takes epidemic proportions, encompassing different groups of society. In turn, cerebrovascular pathology holds a leading position in the spectrum of neurological disorders. Researchers indicate a role of obesity in the development of cognitive impairment. However, the cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying that connection are still poorly understood. In addition, despite the obvious association of obesity with the deterioration of mental activity demonstrated in clinical trials for a long time it was unclear whether these disorders are caused by obesity per se or related conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Currently there is scarse systematic data on a cause-effect relationships of these two pathologies.
The effect of iron deficiency on the temporal changes in the expression of genes associated with fat metabolism in the pregnant rat
Authors: Hay Susan M. , McArdle Harry J. , Hayes Helen E. , Stevens Valerie J. , Rees William D.
Published: November 2016

Iron is essential for the oxidative metabolism of lipids. Lipid metabolism changes during gestation to meet the requirements of the growing fetus and to prepare for lactation. The temporal effects of iron deficiency during gestation were studied in female rats fed complete or iron‐deficient diets. Plasma triglycerides were elevated in the iron‐deficient group throughout gestation. There were time‐dependent changes in the triglyceride content of the maternal liver, falling at the midpoint of gestation and then increasing on d21.5. Compared to the control, triglycerides in the maternal liver were not different in the iron‐deficient group prior to pregnancy and on d12.5, but were markedly reduced by d21.5. The abundance of mRNAs in the maternal liver suggests that lipogenesis is unchanged and beta‐oxidation is reduced on d21.5 by iron deficiency. On d21.5 of gestation, the expression of placental lipase was unchanged by iron deficiency, however, the abundance of mRNAs for SREBP‐1c, FABP4 were reduced, suggesting that there were changes in fatty acid handling. In the fetal liver, iron deficiency produced a marked decrease in the abundance of the L‐CPT‐1 mRNA, suggesting that beta‐oxidation is reduced. This study shows that the major effect of iron deficiency on maternal lipid metabolism occurs late in gestation and that perturbed lipid metabolism may be a common feature of models of fetal programming.
Desensitization of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts to Alternaria alternata extract‐mediated necrotic cell death
Authors: Im Jintaek , Kim Kyutae , Yhee Ji Young , O'Grady Scott M. , Nho Richard S.
Published: November 2016

Alternaria alternata is an allergenic fungus and known to cause an upper respiratory tract infection and asthma in humans with compromised immunity. Although A. alternata's effect on airway epithelial cells has previously been examined, the potential role of A. alternata on lung fibroblast viability is not understood. Since lung fibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) display a distinct phenotype that is resistant to stress and cell death inducing conditions, the investigation of the role of Alternaria on pathological IPF fibroblasts provides a better understanding of the fibrotic process induced by an allergenic fungus. Therefore, we examined cell viability of control and IPF fibroblasts (n = 8 each) in response to A. alternata extract. Control fibroblast cell death was increased while IPF fibroblasts were resistant when exposed to 50–100 μg/mL of A. alternata extract. However, there was no significant difference in kinetics or magnitude of Ca2+ responses from control lung and IPF fibroblasts. In contrast, unlike control fibroblasts, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels remained low when IPF cells were treated with A. alternata extracts as a function of time. Caspase 3/7 and TUNEL assay revealed that enhanced cell death caused by A. alternata extract was likely due to necrosis, and 7‐AAD assay and the use of sodium pyruvate for ATP generation further supported our findings that IPF fibroblasts become resistant to A. alternata extract‐induced necrotic cell death. Our results suggest that exposure to A. alternata potentially worsens the fibrotic process by promoting normal lung fibroblast cell death in patients with IPF.
Altered thermoregulatory responses in heart failure patients exercising in the heat
Authors: Balmain Bryce N. , Jay Ollie , Sabapathy Surendran , Royston Danielle , Stewart Glenn M. , Jayasinghe Rohan , Morris Norman R.
Published: November 2016

Heart failure (HF) patients appear to exhibit impaired thermoregulatory capacity during passive heating, as evidenced by diminished vascular conductance. Although some preliminary studies have described the thermoregulatory response to passive heating inHF, responses during exercise in the heat remain to be described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare thermoregulatory responses inHFand controls (CON) during exercise in the heat. TenHF(NYHAclasses I–II) and eightCONwere included. Core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Tsk), and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were assessed at rest and during 1 h of exercise at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake. Metabolic heat production (Hprod) and the evaporative requirements for heat balance (Ereq) were also calculated. Whole‐body sweat rate was determined from pre–post nude body mass corrected for fluid intake. WhileHprod(HF: 3.9 ± 0.9;CON: 6.4 ± 1.5 W/kg) andEreq(HF: 3.3 ± 0.9;CON: 5.6 ± 1.4 W/kg) were lower (P < 0.01) forHFcompared toCON, both groups demonstrated a similar rise inTc(HF: 0.9 ± 0.4;CON: 1.0 ± 0.3°C). Despite this similar rise inTc,Tsk(HF: 1.6 ± 0.7;CON: 2.7 ± 1.2°C), and the elevation inCVC(HF: 1.4 ± 1.0;CON: 3.0 ± 1.2 au/mmHg) was lower (P < 0.05) inHFcompared toCON. Additionally, whole‐body sweat rate (HF: 0.36 ± 0.15;CON: 0.81 ± 0.39 L/h) was lower (P = 0.02) inHFcompared toCON. Patients withHFappear to be limited in their ability to manage a thermal load and distribute heat content to the body surface (i.e., skin), secondary to impaired circulation to the periphery.
Relative Strategic Emphasis and Firm-Idiosyncratic Risk: The Moderating Role of Relative Performance and Demand Instability
Authors: Han Kyuhong , Mittal Vikas , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2016

Firms may allocate scarce resources to two fundamental strategic processes: value creation and value appropriation. The relative investment in these processes (i.e., a firm's relative strategic emphasis) may be associated with firm-idiosyncratic risk. Empirically, a firm's relative strategic emphasis is represented by the difference between its advertising expenditure and its research-and-development expenditure. Using data from 2,403 firms over the period of 2000–2014, the authors find that firms’ relative strategic emphasis on value appropriation versus value creation reduces firm risk, though in a contingent manner. This association is weaker when firms have larger positive or negative relative performance. Furthermore, these contingent associations are stronger when demand instability in an industry is higher. Overall, the results demonstrate that a firm's strategic emphasis should be examined in light of its relative performance, as well as in the context of current market conditions, when making judicious resource allocation decisions.
“Be Careless with That!” Availability of Product Upgrades Increases Cavalier Behavior toward Possessions
Authors: Bellezza Silvia , Ackerman joshua M. , Gino Francesca
Published: November 2016

Consumers are often faced with the opportunity to purchase a new, enhanced product, such as a new phone, even though the product they currently own is still fully functional. The authors propose that consumers act more recklessly with their current products when in the presence of appealing, though not yet attained, product upgrades (not just mere replacements). Carelessness and neglect toward currently owned products stem from a desire to justify the attainment of upgrades without appearing wasteful. A series of studies with actual owners of a wide range of different goods (durable, consumable, functional, and hedonic products) and evidence from a real-word data set of lost Apple iPhones demonstrate how the availability of product upgrades increases cavalier behavior toward possessions. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that product neglect in the presence of attractive upgrades can occur without deliberate intentions. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
The Stigma of Mental Illness: Using Segmentation for Social Change
Authors: Yeh Marie A. , Jewell Robert D. , Thomas Veronica L.
Published: November 2016

Despite the unequivocal incidence and burden that mental illnesses place on the world, those with mental illness remain not only neglected but also deeply stigmatized across societies. The stigma that surrounds mental illness serves as a barrier to treatment and recovery, leading to serious negative consequences such as school failure, job loss, and suicide. While many large-scale social marketing efforts have found some success in reducing stigma, we contend that the recommended approaches, which utilize the input of people with mental illness and those close to them, are inadequate and that a deeper understanding of those who stigmatize is needed. This research first provides a comprehensive examination of the components that comprise stigma and then uses these components to segment the general population. The authors then present recommendations based on differences in the endorsement of stigma among these segments to inform policy and advocacy groups in developing more varied and potentially more effective social marketing campaigns.
Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Tuber aestivum Vittad. orchard in Poland
Authors: Hilszczańska Dorota , Szmidla Hanna , Horak Jakub , Rosa-Gruszecka Aleksandra
Published: November 2016

Cultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, the concept of landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well as land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary and Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic and social development of small, rural communities. Because there is no long tradition of truffle orchards in Poland, knowledge regarding the environmental factors regulating the formation of fruiting bodies of T. aestivum is limited. Thus, knowledge concerning ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensuring successful Burgundy truffle production. We investigated the persistence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) and checked the host-species influence on community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The study was conducted in an experimental plantation located in eastern Poland and established in 2008. We demonstrated that the number of fungal taxa was not significantly different between oak and hazel. However, the species composition differed between these two host trees. During the three-year study, we observed that species richness did not increase with the age of the plantation.
Mass Transfer Parameters and Modeling of Hot Air Drying Kinetics of Dill Leaves
Authors: Darvishi Hosain , Farhudi Zanyar , Behroozi-Khazaei Nasser
Published: November 2016

Moisture diffusivity (Dem), mass transfer coefficient (hm), activation energy and drying kinetics of the dill leaves were studied and modeled as a function of temperature (40–70 °C) and moisture content (0.20–5.67 kg water/kg dry matter). Results showed that the Dem and hm significantly depend on the temperature and moisture content (p < 0.05). The average of Dem and hm varied between 4.02 × 10–9 to 9.65 × 10–9 m2/s, and 2.38 × 10–7 to 6.33 × 10–7 m/s, respectively. Activation energy showed a significant dependence on the moisture content and estimated as 16.84 kJ/mol for diffusion model and 28.70 kJ/mol for mass transfer model. Out of the six models considered, the logarithmic model showed the best fit to drying behavior of the dill leaves.
The Uniqueness of Planktonic Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea: The Response to Orbital- and Suborbital-Climatic Forcing over the Last 130,000 Years
Authors: Incarbona Alessandro , Di Stefano Enrico , Sprovieri Rodolfo , Ferraro Serena
Published: November 2016

The Mediterranean Sea is an ideal location to test the response of organisms to hydrological transformations driven by climate change. Here we review studies carried out on planktonic foraminifera and coccolithophores during the late Quaternary and attempt the comparison of data scattered in time and space. We highlight the prompt response of surface water ecosystems to both orbital- and suborbital-climatic variations.

A markedly different spatial response was observed in calcareous plankton assemblages, possibly due to the influence of the North Atlantic climatic system in the western, central and northern areas and of the monsoon system in the easternmost and southern sites. Orbital-induced climatic dynamics led to productive surface waters in the northern, western and central Mediterranean Sea during the last glacial and to distinct deep chlorophyll maximum layers in the eastern Mediterranean Sea coinciding with bottom anoxia episodes. High-frequency planktonic modifications are well documented in the Sicily Channel and Alboran Sea and highlight the occurrence of different steps within a single stadial (cold phase)/interstadial (warm phase) oscillation.

The review of planktonic organisms in the marine sedimentary archive casts light on the uniqueness of the Mediterranean Sea, especially in terms of climatic/oceanographic/biological interaction and influence of different climatic systems on distinct areas. Further research is needed in the eastern Mediterranean Sea where results are obscured by low-resolution sedimentary records and by a strong focus on sapropel deposition dynamics.
Caryl Churchill’s 21st Century Poetics: Theatre Form and Feminism from Far Away to Ding Dong the Wicked
Authors: Derbyshire Harry
Published: November 2016

This article considers the six plays written by Caryl Churchill between 2000 and 2012 (
Successful transition to sulfonylurea therapy in two Iraqi siblings with neonatal diabetes mellitus and iDEND syndrome due to ABCC8 mutation
Authors: Ozsu Elif , Giri Dinesh , Seymen Karabulut Gulcan , Senniappan Senthil
Published: November 2016

Neonatal diabetes is a rare form of monogenic diabetes characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia during the first 6–9 months of age. About half of the cases of neonatal diabetes are transient forms resulting from mutations in the genes in the imprinted region of chromosome 6q24 and the other half are permanent forms. Activating mutations in the potassium ATP (K
Maxillary fibrous dysplasia associated with McCune-Albright syndrome. A case study
Authors: Wójcik Sylwia , Koszowski Rafał , Drozdowska Bogna , Śmieszek-Wilczewska Joanna , Raczkowska-Siostrzonek Agnieszka
Published: November 2016

McCune Albright syndrome (MCA) is a rare complication of genetic origin. The authors present a case study of a patient with MCA diagnosed with multifocal fibrous dysplasia in his limb and craniofacial bones. The symptoms of the disease in the patient’s facial and oral tissue and the treatment administered have been described.
Crystal structure of 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylsulfanyl]-5-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, C15H7BrF6N2OS2
Authors: Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Alanazi Fahdah S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: November 2016

C15H7BrF6N2OS2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.8292(14) Å, b = 11.4568(9) Å, c = 8.3400(6) Å, β = 90.791(3)°, V = 1799.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.068, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.199, T = 296(2).
Killing for the Sake of Infamy: The Herostratos Syndrome and what to Do about it
Authors: Azam Jean-Paul , Ferrero Mario
Published: November 2016

The Herostratos syndrome affects some people who perpetrate odious attacks for the sake of infamy. We suggest that this sheds some useful light to explain the wave of mass killing going on in Europe and North America, including school shootings and Jihadist terrorism, within a game-theoretic framework. The analysis points out that policies aimed at countering this type of violence should focus on trivializing these attacks and reducing the publicity that they get in the media.
Sulla cronologia di Orazio, Odi I–III (prima parte)
Authors: Biddau Federico
Published: November 2016

The theory that the first three books of Horace’s Odes were published together is based on arguments which do not stand up to open-minded analysis (§§ 2–3). In particular, the dating of the individual odes, in the few cases that can be established with any sound grounds, far from corroborating this theory rather reveals that three periods can be distinguished quite well for the composition of the three books (§ 3.3). Various elements, notable among them certain consistent evolutions in the metre, demonstrate that the books were in fact composed in series, and various findings of a historical nature provide confirmation of the composition-periods already detected (§§ 4.1–3). The Roman odes, however, demand different years, and their composition, completed at the time of Book III, had already begun and had progressed at least at the time of Book II (§ 4.1.3). Given these results, the hypothesis that the three books were published separately and in sequence is the most economical, best reflects Horace’s habits, and explains or eliminates some anomalies, but it is also supported by various specific indications (§ 4.4–6). We may conclude that Odes I, II and III appeared, respectively, at the end of AD 28, during 25, and in 23 or 22.
Towards Reliable Velocities of Permanent GNSS Stations
Authors: Bogusz Janusz , Klos Anna , Gruszczynska Marta , Gruszczynski Maciej
Published: November 2016

In the modern geodesy the role of the permanent station is growing constantly. The proper treatment of the time series from such station lead to the determination of the reliable velocities. In this paper we focused on some pre-analysis as well as analysis issues, which have to be performed upon the time series of the North, East and Up components and showed the best, in our opinion, methods of determination of periodicities (by means of Singular Spectrum Analysis) and spatio-temporal correlations (Principal Component Analysis), that still exist in the time series despite modelling. Finally, the velocities of the selected European permanent stations with the associated errors determined following power-law assumption in the stochastic part is presented.
A Webgis Framework for Disseminating Processed Remotely Sensed on Land Cover Transformations
Authors: Caradonna Grazia , Novelli Antonio , Tarantino Eufemia , Cefalo Raffaela , Fratino Umberto
Published: November 2016

Mediterranean regions have experienced significant soil degradation over the past decades. In this context, careful land observation using satellite data is crucial for understanding the long-term usage patterns of natural resources and facilitating their sustainable management to monitor and evaluate the potential degradation. Given the environmental and political interest on this problem, there is urgent need for a centralized repository and mechanism to share geospatial data, information and maps of land change. Geospatial data collecting is one of the most important task for many users because there are significant barriers in accessing and using data. This limit could be overcome by implementing a WebGIS through a combination of existing free and open source software for geographic information systems (FOSS4G).

In this paper we preliminary discuss methods for collecting raster data in a geodatabase by processing open multi-temporal and multi-scale satellite data aimed at retrieving indicators for land degradation phenomenon (i.e. land cover/land use analysis, vegetation indices, trend analysis, etc.). Then we describe a methodology for designing a WebGIS framework in order to disseminate information through maps for territory monitoring. Basic WebGIS functions were extended with the help of POSTGIS database and OpenLayers libraries. Geoserver was customized to set up and enhance the website functions developing various advanced queries using PostgreSQL and innovative tools to carry out efficiently multi-layer overlay analysis. The end-product is a simple system that provides the opportunity not only to consult interactively but also download processed remote sensing data.
Implementation of Satellite Techniques in the Air Transport
Authors: Fellner Andrzej , Jafernik Henryk
Published: November 2016

The article shows process of the implementation satellite systems in Polish aviation which contributed to accomplishment Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) concept. Since 1991 authors have introduced Satellite Navigation Equipment in Polish Air Forces. The studies and researches provide to the Polish Air Force alternative approaches, modernize their navigation and landing systems and achieve compatibility with systems of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Acquired experience, conducted military tests and obtained results enabled to take up work scientifically - research in the environment of the civil aviation. Therefore in 2008 there has been launched cooperation with Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA). Thanks to cooperation, there have been compiled and fulfilled three fundamental international projects: EGNOS APV MIELEC (EGNOS Introduction in European Eastern Region - APV Mielec), HEDGE (Helicopters Deploy GNSS in Europe), SHERPA (Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region Pre-operational in GNSS). The successful completion of these projects enabled implementation 21 procedures of the RNAV GNSS final approach at Polish airports, contributing to the implementation of PBN in Poland as well as ICAO resolution A37-11. Results of conducted research which served for the implementation of satellite techniques in the air transport constitute the meaning of this material.
Complex Geodetic Research in Ukrainian Antarctic Station “Academician Vernadsky” (Years 2002 - 2005, 2013-2014)
Authors: Tretyak Kornyliy , Hlotov Volodymyr , Holubinka Yuriy , Marusazh Khrystyna
Published: November 2016

In this paper is given an information about complex geodetic research in Ukrainian Antarctic station “Academician Vernadsky”. Research were carried by Lviv polytechnic scientists, during Antarctic expeditions in years 2002 - 2005, 2013, 2014. Main objectives of the studies were: (a) study of the islands glaciers surface volumes changes in Antarctic archipelago and Antarctic Peninsula using terestrial laser scaning and digital terrestrial stereophotogrammetry survey; (b) investigation of Penola strain tectonic fault, using the results of precise GNSS observations.
Roles of Cbln1 in Non-Motor Functions of Mice
Authors: Otsuka Shintaro , Konno Kohtarou , Abe Manabu , Motohashi Junko , Kohda Kazuhisa , Sakimura Kenji , Watanabe Masahiko , Yuzaki Michisuke
Published: November 2016

The cerebellum is thought to be involved in cognitive functions in addition to its well established role in motor coordination and motor learning in humans. Cerebellin 1 (Cbln1) is predominantly expressed in cerebellar granule cells and plays a crucial role in the formation and function of parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses. Although genes encoding Cbln1 and its postsynaptic receptor, the delta2 glutamate receptor (GluD2), are suggested to be associated with autistic-like traits and many psychiatric disorders, whether such cognitive impairments are caused by cerebellar dysfunction remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether and how Cbln1 signaling is involved in non-motor functions in adult mice. We show that acquisition and retention/retrieval of cued and contextual fear memory were impaired inCbln1-null mice.In situhybridization and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Cbln1 is expressed in various extracerebellar regions, including the retrosplenial granular cortex and the hippocampus. In the hippocampus, Cbln1 immunoreactivity was present at the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare without overt mRNA expression, suggesting that Cbln1 is provided by perforant path fibers. Retention/retrieval, but not acquisition, of cued and contextual fear memory was impaired in forebrain-predominantCbln1-null mice. Spatial learning in the radial arm water maze was also abrogated. In contrast, acquisition of fear memory was affected in cerebellum-predominantCbln1-null mice. These results indicate that Cbln1 in the forebrain and cerebellum mediates specific aspects of fear conditioning and spatial memory differentially and that Cbln1 signaling likely regulates motor and non-motor functions in multiple brain regions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespites its well known role in motor coordination and motor learning, whether and how the cerebellum is involved in cognitive functions remains less clear. Cerebellin 1 (Cbln1) is highly expressed in the cerebellum and serves as an essential synaptic organizer. Although genes encoding Cbln1 and its receptor are associated with many psychiatric disorders, it remains unknown whether such cognitive impairments are caused by cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we show that Cbln1 is also expressed in the forebrain, including the hippocampus and retrosplenial granular cortex. Using forebrain- and cerebellum-predominant conditionalCbln1-null mice, we show that Cbln1 in the forebrain and cerebellum mediates specific aspects of fear conditioning and spatial memory differentially, indicating that Cbln1 signaling regulates both motor and non-motor functions in multiple brain regions.
Aging Affects Dopaminergic Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Berry Anne S. , Shah Vyoma D. , Baker Suzanne L. , Vogel Jacob W. , O'Neil James P. , Janabi Mustafa , Schwimmer Henry D. , Marks Shawn M. , Jagust William J.
Published: November 2016

Aging is accompanied by profound changes in the brain's dopamine system that affect cognitive function. Evidence of powerful individual differences in cognitive aging has sharpened focus on identifying biological factors underlying relative preservation versus vulnerability to decline. Dopamine represents a key target in these efforts. Alterations of dopamine receptors and dopamine synthesis are seen in aging, with receptors generally showing reduction and synthesis demonstrating increases. Using the PET tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine, we found strong support for upregulated striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy older adult humans free of amyloid pathology, relative to young people. We next used fMRI to define the functional impact of elevated synthesis capacity on cognitive flexibility, a core component of executive function. We found clear evidence in young adults that low levels of synthesis capacity were suboptimal, associated with diminished cognitive flexibility and altered frontoparietal activation relative to young adults with highest synthesis values. Critically, these relationships between dopamine, performance, and activation were transformed in older adults with higher synthesis capacity. Variability in synthesis capacity was related to intrinsic frontoparietal functional connectivity across groups, suggesting that striatal dopamine synthesis influences the tuning of networks underlying cognitive flexibility. Together, these findings define striatal dopamine's association with cognitive flexibility and its neural underpinnings in young adults, and reveal the alteration in dopamine-related neural processes in aging.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFew studies have combined measurement of brain dopamine with examination of the neural basis of cognition in youth and aging to delineate the underlying mechanisms of these associations. Combiningin vivoPET imaging of dopamine synthesis capacity, fMRI, and a sensitive measure of cognitive flexibility, we reveal three core findings. First, we find evidence supporting older adults' capacity to upregulate dopamine synthesis. Second, we define relationships between dopamine, cognition, and frontoparietal activity in young adults indicating high levels of synthesis capacity are optimal. Third, we demonstrate alteration of these relationships in older adults, suggesting neurochemical modulation of cognitive flexibility changes with age.
Early Odorant Exposure Increases the Number of Mitral and Tufted Cells Associated with a Single Glomerulus
Authors: Liu Annie , Savya Sajishnu , Urban Nathaniel N.
Published: November 2016

The highly specific organization of the olfactory bulb (OB) is well known, but the impact of early odorant experience on its circuit structure is unclear. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project axons from the olfactory epithelium to the OB, where they form spherical neuropil structures called glomeruli. These glomeruli and the postsynaptic targets of OSNs, including mitral and tufted cells (M/TCs) and juxtaglomerular cells, form glomerular modules, which represent the basic odor-coding units of the OB. Here, we labeled M/TCs within a single glomerular module of the mouse OB and show that odorant exposure that starts prenatally and continues through postnatal day 25 has a major impact on the structure of the glomerular module. We confirm that exposure increases the volume of the activated glomeruli and show that exposure increases M/TC number by >40% in a glomerulus-specific fashion. Given the role of M/TCs in OB output and in lateral inhibition, increasing the number of M/TCs connected to a single glomerulus may also increase the influence of that glomerulus on the OB network and on OB output. Our results show that early odorant exposure has a profound effect on OB connectivity and thus may affect odorant processing significantly.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExperience shapes neural circuits in a variety of ways, most commonly by changing the strength of activated connections. Relatively little is known about how experience changes circuitry in the olfactory system. Here, we show that for a genetically identified glomerulus in the mouse olfactory bulb, early odorant exposure increases the number of associated mitral and tufted cells by 40% and 100%, respectively. Understanding the structural changes induced by early odorant experience can provide insight into how bulbar organization gives rise to efficient processing. We find that odorant experience increases the number of projection neurons associated with a single glomerulus significantly, a dramatic and long-lasting structural change that may have important functional implications.