bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON PHASE TRANSITION FEATURES AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF 3OCB LIQUID CRYSTAL
Authors: MAMUK Atilla Eren
Published: October 2021

In the study, some physical properties of the 3OCB liquid crystal belonging to the cyanobiphenyl group, which is frequently used in dimeric molecules and eutectic mixtures, were investigated. In this context, its optical properties in different temperature interval have been investigated. As a result of optical measurements, it was determined that 3OCB exhibited a monotropic mesophase and that the phase range of the mesophase was determined. In addition, it was observed that a heterophase region appeared in the liquid crystalline isotropic phase-nematic mesophase transition. Morphological analysis of the mesophase and heterophase region was also performed. Also, by performing calorimetric measurements, how the relevant liquid crystal phase interval changes in bulk state was compared with the results obtained from optical measurements. Information about the 3OCB's dominant vibration bands was obtained by performing infrared spectroscopic measurements. The infrared spectroscopy of 3OCB, which is frequently used in industry and scientific studies, has been performed to provide information about the functional groups and structure of the molecule.
Food protein induced allergic proctocolitis: The effect of maternal Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Authors: Vassilopoulou Emilia , FEKETEA GAVRIELA , Konstantinou George , D. Zekakos Xipolias , Vallianatou Gerasimina , M. Petrodimopoulou , Vourga Vasiliki , Tassios * , Papadopoulos Nikos
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of the current investigation was to explore
predisposing factors for food protein induced allergic proctocolitis
(FPIAP) in Greek infants relevant in the maternal diet, during pregnancy
and breastfeeding, as relevant knowledge is limited. Methods: A
multicenter retrospective case-control study was conducted in 6 regions
in Greece, with 96 mothers of infants with and 141 mothers of infants
without a history of FPIAP. Maternal dietary habits during pregnancy and
breastfeeding were evaluated with validated questionnaires: a) The
Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) Score, and b) The Mediterranean Oriented
Culture Specific Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire.
Statistical tests, modeling and exploration of the FPIAP risk in
relation to the maternal diet using elastic net regression models were
performed with R software and Studio. Results: FPIAP was
associated with cow’s milk (83.6%), egg (7.3 %), and wheat, beef
(6.4%) in the maternal diet. Adherence to MedDiet was similar among the
mothers, but mothers of FPIAP infants consumed more vegetables (p=0.018)
and olive oil (p=0.003). Elastic net prediction models showed that, in
this Mediterranean population, increased consumption during pregnancy
and lactation of common allergens, whole grain products, homemade food,
fish and shellfish, fruit offered protection; conversely, high intake of
vegetables, sugar and total fat, and non-stick/grilled cooking,
increased the risk of FPIAP, as did high intake of salt and white flour
during lactation. Conclusions: Components of a maternal
Mediterranean diet can protect against FPIAP when traditional cooking
methods are adopted and fish, fruit and whole wheat products are
consumed frequently.
Elevated body mass index impairs cumulative live birth rate and obstetric safety of younger women undergoing in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: A retrospective study
Authors: Hu Dan , Huang Bo , Xiong Min , Yao Junning , Yang Shulin , Wu Ruxing , Zhao Yiqing , Zhang Hanwang
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of elevated body mass index (BMI) on
short- and long-term outcomes of in-vitro fertilization
(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments. Design:
Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Teaching hospital. Population:
Overall, 7229 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI fresh cycles and subsequent
frozen embryo transfer cycles during 2014-2020. Methods: The patients
were divided into normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and high BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2)
groups. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the boundary of 38
years old. Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether BMI was
associated with live birth rate (LBR) or cumulative live birth rate
(CLBR). Main Outcome Measure: Ovarian response, pregnancy outcomes, and
safety for both mother and fetus. Results: For younger women
(< 38y), CLBR was significantly reduced in the high BMI
subgroup compared to the normal BMI control (73.7% vs 76.8%, p =
0.008) and was accompanied by fewer retrieved oocytes and available
embryos. Meanwhile, the incidences of cesarean section (92.9% vs
87.1%, p < 0.001), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (6.7%
vs 3.1%, p < 0.001), fetal macrosomia (4.7% vs 2.8%, p =
0.002) and birth defects involving cleft lip and palate (0.4% vs 0.1%,
p = 0.030) were significantly higher than the normal BMI group. However,
no such differences were observed among older women (≥ 38y).
Multivariate analysis revealed that high BMI was a risk factor for CLBR
(OR = 0.837, 95% CI: 0.729–0.96). Conclusions: Elevated BMI has a
greater adverse impact on younger women.
Mitral Valve Prolapse and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A case report and literature review.
Authors: Ioannou Antonis , Ioannides Marios , Eftychiou Christos , Christophides Theodoros , Pitsis Antonis , Koutsofti Constantina , Polydorou Christiana , Papageorgiou Gerogory , Deltas Constantinos , Avraamides Panagiotis
Published: October 2021

We present the case of a 44-year-old woman who suffered an out of
hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. After six direct current shocks and
10 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation she had return of
spontaneous circulation and regained consciousness. Transthoracic
echocardiography showed normal left ventricular ejection fraction and a
mildly dilated left atrium. The mitral valve was thickened with
myxomatous degeneration (Barlow’s disease) and moderate regurgitation
secondary to bi-leaflet prolapse. Cardiac catheterization showed no
coronary artery disease while left ventriculography revealed a mildly
dilated left ventricle with preserved systolic function and high-end
diastolic pressures. Cardiac MRI revealed an enlarged left ventricle
with mitral valve (MV) prolapse and moderate to severe mitral
regurgitation (MR). There were no features suggestive of a specific
cardiomyopathy other than her valvular heart disease. The patient had an
uneventful hospitalization, received an implantable cardioverter
defibrillator (ICD), and eventually had MV repair surgery. A genetic
investigation revealed two DNA variants, one each in the MYPN and TMPO
gene, substitutions of highly conserved aminoacid residues. Family
segregation could not establish unequivocally their pathogenicity
although the MYPN variant represents the same residue that was shown
previously to be substituted by another aminoacid. In this article we
also review the literature regarding similar cases and record important
data for the epidemiology of the disease and the important research that
has been carried out in the identification of prognostic imaging factors
and the genetic background of these patients.
The xylem of anisohydric Quercus alba L. is more vulnerable to embolism than isohydric co-dominants
Authors: Benson Michael , Miniat Chelcy , Oishi Andrew , Denham Sander , Domec Jean-Christophe , Johnson Daniel , Missik Justine , Phillips Richard , Wood Jeffrey , Novick Kimberly
Published: October 2021

The coordination of plant leaf water potential (Ψ)
regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism is fundamental for
understanding the tradeoffs between carbon uptake and risk of hydraulic
damage. There is a general consensus that trees with vulnerable xylem
regulate Ψ more conservatively than plants with
resistant xylem. We evaluated if this paradigm applied to three
important eastern US temperate tree species, Quercus alba L.,
Acer saccharum Marsh., and Liriodendron tulipifera L., by
synthesizing 1600 Ψ observations, 122 xylem embolism
curves, and xylem anatomical measurements across ten forests spanning
pronounced hydroclimatological gradients and ages. We found that,
unexpectedly, the species with the most vulnerable xylem (Q.
alba) regulated Ψ less strictly than the other
species. This relationship was found across all sites, such that
coordination among traits was largely unaffected by climate and stand
age. Quercus species are perceived to be among the most drought
tolerant temperate US forest species; however, our results suggest their
relatively loose Ψ regulation in response to hydrologic
stress occurs with a substantial hydraulic cost that may expose them to
novel risks in a more drought-prone future. We end by discussing
mechanisms that allow these species to tolerate and/or recover from
hydraulic damage.
Design and Implementation of Automated Cart for COVID-19 Patients Treatment
Authors: Kanade Prakash , David Fortune , Kanade Sunay
Published: October 2021

With the recent changes in this world due to the pandemic of COVID-19 came the need to change in technology with medical environments. There were few robotic surgeries done in medical field, but the pandemic has put the Doctors and health care workers at risk. So there came a need for rapid change in medical environment to replace man with robots with the help of AI. In this paper a AGV also called as Automatic Guided Vehicle is designed for the benefit of health community. It can also be called as Automated Cart.

The chances of health care worker getting affected from the patient in this COVID-19 is more due to the behavior of the novel Corona Virus Spread. Hence this Automated cart is designed in this paper which moves near the patient’s beds delivering medicines whenever needed in time and also collects waste from patients’ bed and returns to the necessary point. It is a line follower automated cart robot it makes use of certain sensors like infrared sensors and ultrasonic sensors. These sensors are used for route mapping and obstacle detection. This robot at the time of giving medicine to the patients’ bed and collecting waste, it also checks the body temperature and pulse rate of the patient and sends information to the doctor via internet. The adaptability of this robot with the patients depends on the preprogram done. A microcontroller is made use for this purpose. This automated cart can be designed and implemented with low cost and the risk of Doctors, health care workers is reduced.
Optimal Frequency stability Control Strategy for a Grid-Connected Wind/PV/FC/BESS Coordinated with Hydroelectric Power Plant Storage Energy System Using Variable Structure Control
Authors: Elgammal Adel , Boodoo Curtis
Published: October 2021

Because of the growing nonlinear and complexity nature of microgrid systems for example battery energy storage systems, wind-turbine fuel cell, photovoltaic, and micro hydro power plants (BESSs/FC/WT/PV/ Micro Hydro), load-frequency management has been a difficulty. The development of a load-frequency controller based on Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) for an autonomous microgrid (MG) with hydro, wind, and PV RES is shown in this article. The suggested LFC goal is to retain the frequency of the micro hydro power plant under variable load situations by controlling the sharing of output power constant generator between the dummy loads and consumer. Using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller to govern nearly the generating unit`s whole operation, the suggested control technique optimally chooses PID settings for each load value. The suggested fuzzy logic-based controller regulates the plant's frequency output despite fluctuating user loads and manages energy distribution by separating the micro network into separate departures connected in priority order. The suggested frequency controller uses a centralised LFC approach centred on a combination of smart load and Battery Energy Storage System to manage the MG frequency (BESS). It regulates MG frequency by providing active power balancing for a variety of events that such systems face in real-world settings, such as energy surplus generation and energy shortage. In Simulink/MATLAB, the suggested structure is simulated. The simulation results clearly demonstrate the proposed frequency controller's ability to dump extra power when the customer load varies while maintaining a consistent supply frequency.
Public Acceptance of ITER-Tokamak Fusion Power
Authors: Hirsch Robert L. , Bezdek Roger H.
Published: October 2021

One of the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute’s criteria for practical fusion power is public acceptance. In this analysis we consider the potential public acceptance of ITER-tokamak fusion power. Because ITER-like reactors are not likely to be commercially ready before mid-century, a forecast of public acceptance is very difficult. We break “the public” down into four entities: 1) Rank and file consumers, 2) Governments [local, state, & federal including regulators], 3) NGOs including environmental groups, and 4) Electric utilities. We assert that ITER-tokamaks will be evaluated in the context of fission power because both are nuclear processes. We observe that ITER-tokamak fusion will present radioactive hazards and be extremely expensive. Three possible futures for fission nuclear mid-century are: 1) full acceptance, 2) middling acceptance, and 3) rejection. If fission power is accepted mid-century, then ITER-tokamak fusion stands the best chance of being publicly acceptable, its largest drawback being very high cost. If fission power is of middling acceptance, then ITER-tokamak fusion might be marginally more acceptable because of its much shorter life radioactive waste. If fission power is unacceptable, then ITER-tokamak fusion acceptance will be very difficult.
Assessment of Anti-oxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Mangrove Plant, Derris trifoliata ( Leguminosae)
Authors: Hossin A. , Chakma B. , Raju M. A. I.
Published: October 2021

The current study was conducted to verify the traditional medicinal use and to carry out the in-vitro antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Derris trifoliata (aerial part). The percentage yield of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were found 2.5% w/w. Freshly prepared extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. All extracts revealed the presence of several important phytochemicals which might be responsible for its medicinal properties. In vitro Electron transfer (ET) reaction-based assays of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts have been investigated using various model systems viz., DPPH, total phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power assay. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction-based assays have been conducted using Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay methods. Ethanol extract was found to possess highest DPPH (IC50=16.824 µg/ml), total phenolic content (44.51 GAE/g of dried plant extract), reducing power assay (0.387±0.0006), FRAF assay (IC50=133.51 µg/ml), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (IC50=144.888 µg/ml) and nitric oxide scavenging activities (IC50=152.655 µg/ml). Whereas ethyl acetate extract was found to possess the highest total tannin content (42.56 GAE/g of dried plant extract) and total flavonoid content (78.08 QE/g of dried plant extract). In vitro antioxidant study was also performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions. The highest chelation power was found for ethyl acetate extract (IC50=62.489 µg/ml). The above study suggests that Derris trifoliata may be a vital source of nutraceuticals.
Persona in Social Media: A Case Study on Baim Paula Youtube Channel
Authors: Chusna Aidatul
Published: October 2021

Social media enables its users to participate in creating and sharing media contents through their accounts; thus, it gives opportunity to gain popularity for anyone, including celebrity.  This paper is aimed at revealing celebrities’ strategy to increase and maintain their popularity by constructing self-image through social media. Videos from Baim Paula youtube channel are selected as the main data of the analysis, considering Baim Wong’s success as celebrity and content creator. Using textual approach, the vidoes created and shared are analized as a cultural text which demonstrates celebrities’ self-representation in social media. The result shows that Baim Wong performs various self- images through his videos contents. His prank videos indirectly indicate authenticity and honesty entitled to Baim Wong’s image, as a strategy to create closeness to his fans. He also construcs an altruistic persona by giving presents and/or money to his pranked targets. Another self-representation is seen in videos about his daily activities with family and friends. Through these videos, Baim Wong constructs his image as a family man. The persona performed in social media has successfully attracted more fans/ subscribers and enhanced his fame. Subsequently, it generates profit not only from his YouTube channel, but also from advertising agencies and TV stations that hire him.
Schematic Structure and Stance in Students’ Writing in Business Communication: A Comparative Study of Native English Speaking and Iranian Students
Authors: Bakhtiari Arezou
Published: October 2021

This study reports on two knowledge elements of stance and schematic structure in order to help novice students increase the efficacy of their writing in business communication. With this regard, Santos’ (2002) Business Letters of Negotiation Model and Hyland’s (2005b) Stance Model of Interaction were drawn upon. Sixty business emails written by native English speaking (NS) and Iranian students of Business Management Departments in universities were analyzed. Two raters explored the corpus for their moves/steps frequencies and a concordance software was used in order to explore stance markers frequencies. To investigate whether Iranian and NS writers are statistically different from each other, the findings of frequencies were submitted to one-variable Chi-square test. The results showed that NS and Iranian writers are not different from each other in their content staging while they are providing information/answers or negotiating. Running counter to moves 2 and 23, move 3 turned out to have different results; there was a significant difference between NS and Iranian writers in their request of information/action/favors. Results presented no significant difference between NS and Iranian writers in their employment of hedges and attitude markers of stance with regard to one-variable Chi-square test results. For boosters, Chi-square test detected a significant difference between the groups only in move 2. There was a significant difference, however, between NS and Iranian writers in their use of self-mention markers in moves 3 and 23. The results of this paper have both theoretical and pedagogical significance.
Backchannel as a Listener’s Consideration Behavior: Politeness Strategy of Japanese Native Speakers in Interaction
Authors: Nurjaleka Lisda
Published: October 2021

Japanese tend to deliver backchannel for being supportive and representing people’s interest in their interaction. Many linguists believed Backchannel as discourse markers that showed interlocutors’ negative faces and determined their social hierarchy position. Brown and Levinson’s (henceforth BL) politeness theory has been modified, criticized, and applied to all languages globally. This research aims to know whether the BL politeness theory can explain Backchannel as a consideration behavior. Furthermore, we investigate the position, situation, and the relation between the speaker listener in a conversation. The primary data are a data corpus of 30 minutes’ length of 15 natural conversations. The age of the target is between the ‘20s to ‘40s. We also compare and analyze the situation from a first-timer conversation, a conversation between friends, and a hierarchical relationship. This study will help understand the relation between speaker and listener or whether Backchannel is considered a consideration behavior. Consideration is one act to shows politeness to the interlocutors. The result shows that Japanese people use different Backchannel according to the partner he/she speaks. When the interlocutors meet for the first time or have a higher position, they mostly use the polite form. They also consider the relationship, the interlocutor's gender, and age. This finding shows that the Japanese use Backchannel as a consideration to maintain the interlocutor's face.
Women and Matrimony: A Study of Mona Lisa Smile
Authors: Chao Pei-Yu , Wang Ya-huei
Published: October 2021

This study intended to use the film Mona Lisa Smile (1993) as an example to examine how women in the traditional generation of 1950 were gender stereotyped and used to trade themselves off through marriage in consideration of a cost-and-benefit analysis. However, as the change of women’s gender consciousness from the conservative to the feminist in the USA of 1950, women began to realize their potential and subjectivity, hence questing for liberal spirit and autonomy to choose their career and husbands based on love. The researchers used the qualitative method, with both the primary and secondary data, to facilitate a latent-content analysis. After conducting a content analysis of the film and the script of Mona Lisa Smile, the researchers took notes regarding gender stereotyping and conventional gender norms in social interactions and conducted a literature review of Becker’s side bet theory and Homan’s social exchange theory to investigate how women in America in the 1950s were disciplined to meet the expectation of social norms to fit the notion of conventional matrimony, and how people, both men and women, while choosing their mates, seek the maximum interest and minimum cost. The film Mona Lisa Smile lets readers have a chance to see the transformation of a marital relationship from the old days to modern ones. With raised gender consciousness, women may now subject their choices to their own will and, hence, apply a different definition to the word “marriage.”
Facing Anxiety through Ego Defense Mechanisms on The Walking Dead: Michonne Movie Game
Authors: Setiawan Fery , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa , Winarta Ida Bagus Gde Nova , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie
Published: October 2021

With the advancement of technology, a newly adopted form of literary work was found, known as a movie game. It is one of the game genres that resembles real movies that provide choices to the players who can actively determine the story, ending, and characters' action. In literary work, a character is one of the intrinsic elements that can be interestingly analyzed from the psychological perspective, including Ego Defense Mechanisms. This study focuses on how the protagonist in a movie game entitled The Walking Dead: Michonne faced her anxiety through her ego defense mechanisms. It aims to identify the types of ego defense mechanisms and how they can help the protagonist cope with her anxiety. The discussion was based on psychoanalysis theory, namely Ego Defense Mechanisms proposed by Sigmund Freud. This study elaborated the description of the protagonist's actions when she faced anxiety through a qualitative method. The analysis revealed that the protagonist adopted the four types of Ego Defense Mechanisms: repression, sublimation, rationalization, and aggression. It was found that aggression was the most frequently adopted mechanism, followed by sublimation, rationalization, and the least was repression. This finding indicated that the protagonist chose aggression to release resentment or dissatisfaction, especially when facing objects or other characters that create anxiety or frustration. It implies that the persistence of aggression, sublimation, rationalization, and repression could reflect the presence of continual threats in the environment from which people should survive.
Women as Breadwinners in Maureen Sherry’s Opening Belle
Authors: Calista Margaretha Finna , Udasmoro Wening
Published: October 2021

There have been many popular fiction novels in the literature world that raise how women enter the economic aspect. One of them is the novel Opening Belle written by Maureen Sherry and published in 2016. Opening Belle represents women’s participation in the financial sector because they want a good life. This research is studied with the feminist political economy theory proposed by Jacqui True. In her book, The Political Economy of Violence against Women, True explains that economic globalization has changed women’s lives becoming financially independent. However, on the other hand, women involved in the public sphere are underappreciated and receive sexual harassment or violence, making it difficult for women to participate in the economic aspect. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. With this method, the writer takes parts of the novel in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs which explain the economic aspect and women’s participation in it. This research is analyzed through the explanations and utterances of the characters. The results of this study are: first, the participation of women as breadwinners in this novel is started as part of her life experiences and is driven by the hardships of her family; second, women are highly motivated figures so that they implement several strategies to survive in their office, namely by proving their competence, joining the GCC women’s community and voicing equal rights in the workplace. In conclusions, economic globalization opens up women’s opportunity to become the sole breadwinner in the family.
The Invisible Ethnic: Vladimir Nabokov, Richard Rodriguez, and Ethnic Literature
Authors: Garcia Michael
Published: October 2021

This essay explores the possibilities and constraints of reading texts as ethnic literature.  It does so by tracing the master theme of transcendence in Vladimir Nabokov’s Speak, Memory and by drawing comparisons with Latino autobiographer and essayist Richard Rodriguez.  To date Speak, Memory has transcended categorization as a particular conception of ethnic literature that precludes also reading it as universal.  Rodriguez, in contrast, laments that his books are less likely to be read as universal precisely because shelved and categorized as ethnic literature rather than as memoir or simply “literature.”  As Rodriguez notes, the conception of Ethnic Literature as a genre marginalizes even as it celebrates ethnic cultures.  That is, treating works by ethnic authors as a conventional genre—in the sense that memoirs, westerns, and mystery novels are genres—can have a ghettoizing effect. I argue that ethnic literature is universal despite its focus on a particular culture.  To the extent that any work of literature can said to be universal it achieves that status through the particular: a story grounded in a particular culture and, usually, focusing on the particularity of individual characters.  There is no view from nowhere.  As with other works of literature, ethnic literature is the view from somewhere.  I conclude that, when it comes to how we read ethnic literature, it is time for a paradigm shift.
Folk Onomastics Study of Anthroponymy Found in Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan
Authors: Hadiati Chusni
Published: October 2021

Folk onomastics is a sub-category of socio-onomastics which deals with people’s beliefs and perceptions of names and name use. Interestingly, pragmatics also plays important role in the study of onomastics as names cannot be split up from the context where they are used. The phenomenon of anthroponymy that gradually advances relates to the development of human civilization. Personal name is very pivotal in human life due to the role of name bearers’ in history.  Name is not only a name for it carries something along with it throughout the time particularly those who have power and position in history. Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan (BBW) was a chronicle of Banyumas regency from 1582 until 1932 which was written by Raden Wirjaatmadjan and continued by Raden Poerwasoepradja. As a chronicle of Banyumas regency, BBW displays historical names and aliases related to the cultural context of Banyumas. This article tries to dig out the phenomenon of anthroponymy of Banyumas’ regency leaders (bupati) in BBW as the names indicate the historical background of the bearers. Thus, the research spotlights the cultural values carried by alias or pseudonym of Banyumas leaders. Utilizing descriptive qualitative and library research, I found out that bupati’s names and aliases in BBW were classified based on five conditions: place of death, place of retirement, place of banishment, medal of appreciation, and lifelong action. The result highlights the traditional proverb that good men must die but death cannot kill their names.
Hybridity and the Shape of the New African Woman
Authors: Amamio Regie Panadero
Published: October 2021

Hybridity is argued as an intricate combination of attraction and repulsion that describes the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized. This combination creates a challenge to and disruption of the monolithic power exercised by the colonizers of Africa who (mis)represented the land as a Dark Continent. Such monolithic power underpins the portrayal of the colonizers’ patriarchal tradition within which women characters in creative works by Africans are commonly situated. The inclusion of women as part of the many subjects of power strengthens the discourse on hybridity in African literature. To question power is to see men and women both apart and together as ambivalence that defines the idea of hybridity in the African literary tradition. In this paper, the employment of deconstruction in the  analysis of women characters in five selected stories by African writers reveals a new consciousness in African literature using the Dark Continent metaphor as a mirror of  the female aesthetics. In this sense, the use of women’s bodies in the short stories does not only point to the issue of gender oppression but also to a power that is disrupting and slowly dismantling the long-entrenched patriarchal stance forcing the male characters to question their current worldview and position. Overall, this paper has established that contemporary African literature on women recognizes the hybridized identity and shape of the new woman, consequently proving that the so-called Dark Continent is nothing but a myth.
Revealing the Meanings of Prince Harry’s First Speech after Royal Split: Systemic Functional Grammar Analysis
Authors: Handayani Widi
Published: October 2021

The speech is delivered by Prince Harry. Three areas of SFG are applied to analyze the speech. The result shows that in terms of ideational metafunction, material, and mental processes are 2 highest occurrences in the speech. It happens since the speaker displays all his concrete actions including doing charity and meeting many people of his country. Through mental process, it shows that he involves his senses to communicate the language in his mind. Three types of mental process, namely cognition, affection, and perception are found in the speech indicating his empathy to the people towards the news of the royal split. The interpersonal metafunction shows that he does take sides on the wife and family. Using modality, he employs that the media power force creates huge speculations among the citizens. They accuse his wife for bringing bad impacts for him. By applying high commitment of modality, he reassures people that his wife is not the cause of the split. He also requests the people to love her as much as they love him. The modality shows that the split will not change the commitment he has for serving the country. The polarity displays a clarification that the decision of splitting is taken after long consideration. The personal pronoun ‘I’ shows that the speaker is the subject matter of the speech. The textual metafunction in the speech shows that unmarked theme deploys the idea that it is a declarative speech which functions to give information or clarification. The additional conjunction is used to explore detailed information people must know.
Racism towards Black American: Intersectionality in Constructing Social Racist through Poetical Depiction by Langston Hughes and Amy Saunders
Authors: Malini Ni Luh Nyoman Seri , Okasunu I Gusti Ayu Sundari , Saientisna Made Detriasmita
Published: October 2021

In this research, the development of racism based on the different formations of socio-cultural and historical aspects was the standpoint that was shown by the interpretation of poetical depiction of meaning and messages. The gap between Langston Hughes in “I, too, sing America” (1926) and Amy Saunders in “You’re not Black” (2019) as the data advocates for racist transformation in natural past and present American socialization. Several critical studies have examined the racial issues reflected in poems however they didn’t elaborate on racism specifically rather than segregation and discrimination although racism is classified in several types. Moreover, the critical studies have been done only analyzed the racism happened on the past while this study compares the past and present racism as the concern of social construction among black American as the target of unfair treatments. The descriptive qualitative method using documentation, descriptive analysis, and note-taking technique was used to identify and elaborate meaning correlation with racial issues in the poems. This research aimed to classify the figurative language and its meaning related to racism while illustrating the development of racism from the perspective of socio-cultural and historical aspects that influenced the poets and their poetry. Theory of Critical Race was used to demonstrate that racism was developing in a different formation. The research has found the interconnection between historical values of slavery system constructed stereotypes of black people as minor American. Social construction formed a cultural differentiation which led to segregation and discrimination towards black in any form of everyday aspects.
The Addition of Indonesian Prefixes meN- and di- to English Bases: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: Fadillah Alifa Camilia , Nurhayani Ika , Tabiati Sri Endah
Published: October 2021

This paper serves as an initial identification of the addition of Indonesian inflectional prefixes meN- and di- to English bases of any word class through a corpus-based study. With the prevalence of English influence in Indonesian native speakers’ linguistic repertoire, particularly within the scientific and computational domain, there emerges a tendency to resort to the original terms in English than those of the Indonesian equivalences. This phenomenon, addressed as leksikalisasi timpang or unequal lexicalization, refers to the use of words in source language  to make up for the lack of corresponding lexicalization in target language.  This leads to a linguistic innovation to ‘localize’ English words by adding Indonesian inflectional prefixes such as meN- and di-. Out of 1 million sentence size Web corpus obtained from The Leipzig Corpora Collection, this paper is able to yield approximately 489 (0,21%) combinations of meN- + English bases with 2,813 (0,018%) word tokens and 475 (0,20%) combinations of di- + English bases with 2,377 (0,015%) word tokens. Six allomorphs of meN- are also attested, namely meng-, men-, mem-, me-, menge-, and meny-, with meng-, men-, and mem- as the most used allomorphs by word  frequency and type. This investigation backs up the hypothesis that the process of word assimilation leads to nasal sound changes. This paper also observes that there are 13 most used typographic forms shared between the combinations of meN- and di- + English bases, and 7 other forms on a very low frequency. The words observed in this paper’s database are then grouped into three semantic clusters based on their use in context: computer-related (CR), non-computer-related (NCR), and both (NCR/CR), where computer-related words are observed to dominate the database. The findings indicate that this linguistic creativity is the outcome of how familiar Indonesians are with English terms than the official equivalences, especially towards technology and computational vocabulary.
Negative Politeness Strategies in What Would You Do? TV Show
Authors: Suyono Meidiana , Andriyanti Erna
Published: October 2021

Being polite is significant to maintain good communications as well as social relationship and therefore various strategies are applied to show language politeness. This sociopragmatic study deals with negative politeness found in What Would You Do? TV show to describe the types of negative politeness strategies and investigate the reasons of choosing those strategies. This research applied a descriptive qualitative approach supported by statistics. The data were in the form of utterances containing negative politeness strategies, sourced in the conversations and the scripts between the participants and the actors. There were 106 data collected by note-taking technique from the show’s YouTube channel. The trustworthiness was attained through analyst triangulation. The findings show that seven negative politeness strategies are used by the participants in their responses to the actors: Being Indirect (12), Questions, Hedges (40), Minimizing the Imposition (12), Apologizing (25), Giving Difference (9), Being Pessimistic (6), and State the FTA as General Rule (2). The dominance of Questions, Hedges relates to the options provided to the addressee to accept or refuse the speaker’s request and to make utterances sound more polite. Related to reasons, the payoffs factor was dominant (with 84 occurrences) because it is the basic factor the participants might think about what they will get by applying a certain strategy. The circumstances factor has 22 occurrences, consisting of social distance (14), social power (5), and rank of imposition (3).
The impact of the excess reserves of the banking sector on interest rates and money supply in Poland
Authors: Kapuściński Mariusz , Pietryka Ilona
Published: October 2021

In this monograph we aim to analyse the eﬀects of leaving excess reserves in the banking sector by the central bank on the level and the variability of interest rates, as well as on money supply. To this end, we use mainly data for Poland, but in some cases, for robustness, also for a panel of Poland, the euro area, the Czech Republic and Hungary, as there had only been a limited variability in some policy variables in our sample for Poland. We estimate the parameters of GARCH, (P)VAR (vector autoregressive or panel vector autoregressive) and (panel) linear regression models. We ﬁnd that excess reserves aﬀect the level and the variability of an overnight money market interest rate. However, the variability of the overnight money market interest rate, shaped to a large extent by excess reserves, does not aﬀect the level of longer-term interest rates, and we ﬁnd little evidence of its impact on their variability. Neither do excess reserves translate into higher money supply. Our results imply that the current monetary policy operational framework in Poland is adequate to ensure the transmission of the central bank policy rate to money market interest rates. Furthermore, it appears unlikely that raising the amount of excess reserves left, as proposed by some policymakers, would aﬀect money supply. Instead, it would lower the money multiplier and the overnight money market interest rate, as well as increase its volatility.
Genealogy of the Morleys in South Wales: Tracing the Pearce Connection in Cornwall
Authors: Morley John O
Published: October 2021

The origins of individuals or families who moved to Glamorgan from Cornwall during the Industrial Revolution are often unknown, as official records did not appear until 1838 and often the older parish registers are incomplete. This study is concerned with the study of the origins of one such family, called Morley, which was well established in Glamorgan by the mid-nineteenth century. In 1848 in the parish of Michaelston-super-Avon, Thomas Morley, a roll turner in the Copper Miners Tinplate Company located there, married an Anne Pierce who came from Ludgvan in Cornwall. The lineal descendants of their large family, and the antecedents of his family, have been discussed in detail previously, but very little is known about the origins of Anne’s family in Cornwall. This account attempts to correct this omission by exploring her antecedents using the accepted English genealogical practice of tracing the family by following the sequence of family Christian names. This process has enabled the antecedents of her family to be unearthed in southwest Cornwall. Her father, John Pearce (M)1 has been unequivocally identified as a miller from Ludgvan, who was born in 1766 and died in 1827. He married Margaret Winnan of St. Erth in 1800 and they had nine children most of whom were born in Ludgvan. Tracing the identity of John’s father has proved more difficult, as there are several possible candidates born in the expected timeframe. With, it is thought that he was a William Pearce of Gulval who married Elizabeth Gilbert of Helston in 1765. His father in turn was a John Pearce (L) who married Triphosa Donithorne of Gulval in 1727 and they had nine children. The identity of John’s father has not been established with the same degree of certainty and there are two possible contenders, both called John Pearce (K), one born in Lelant in 1692 and the other born in Paul in 1699. On balance, it is thought that the person born in Lelant was the antecedent of John (L) and it is suggested that his father in turn was a John Pearce (J) who was also born in the same parish.
Discrimination, Quantitation, and Identification of Edible Vegetable Oil Blends Based on Their Fatty Acid Profiles
Authors: ARTAVİA Graciela , GRANADOS-CHİNCHİLLA Fabio
Published: October 2021

Based on the most common vegetable oil blends, binary and ternary analytical mixtures were constructed in mass fractions from 0.50 to 0.97, and their fatty acid profile was determined and represented graphically. The fatty acids with discriminatory power were selected to construct equations to predict commercial oil blend proportions. Three different linear equations resulted from the analysis for i. palm oil-based blends: y = (0.3713 ± 0.0217)x + (11.401 ± 0.68) for C18:2 and (0.4357 ± 0.0254)x + (51.281 ± 2.90) for C16:0 ii. soybean oil-based blends y = (-0.0789 ± 0.0046)x + (30.686 ± 1.71) for C18:1 and (0.0686 ± 0.0040)x - (0.1395 ± 0.0081) for C18:3 and iii. sunflower oil-based blends y = (-0.0552 ± 0.0032)x + (12.167 ± 0.6105) for C16:0. Finally, the fatty acid profiles of n = 10 commercial samples (i.e., vegetable oil blends) were determined, and the model was applied to them with satisfactory results.
A Study of Food Poisoning Cases in Turkey from 2016 to 2020 According to the Written and Visual Media
Authors: BAŞARAN Burhan
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine and statistically analyze the cases of food poisoning in Turkey between 2016 and 2020, and the number of people affected by these cases. The data on food poisoning were obtained from news sources published in the written and visual media while weather temperature and relative humidity values were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Frequency distributions and Kruskal Wallis and Bonferroni non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the data. A total of 504 cases of food poisoning (100.8 cases/year, 42 cases/month) were experienced in Turkey between 2016 and 2020, and the estimated number of people affected by those cases is 27,196. Surprisingly, most cases of food poisoning occurred in autumn and winter while the lowest number of cases took place in summer. Students and employees were most affected by food poisoning. No direct correlation of food poisoning with ambient temperature and relative humidity was determined. The study is the first research conducted in Turkey in this area, and can be used to develop strategies and policies for food safety.
Microsoft® Excel’de Monte Carlo Benzetimi: Gıda Bilimlerinde Kullanılan Doğrusal Olmayan Regresyon İçin Model Parametrelerinin Güven Aralıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: BUZRUL Sencer
Published: October 2021

Gıda bilimlerinde deneysel verileri tanımlamak için sıklıkla matematik modeller kullanılmaktadır. Bu modeller parametrelerine göre doğrusalsa doğrusal regresyon, değilse doğrusal olmayan regresyon kullanılır. Doğrusal regresyonun doğrusal olmayan regresyona göre uygulanması ve yorumlanması daha kolaydır. Excel kullanılarak uygulanan doğrusal regresyonda model parametreleri, bu parametrelerin standart hataları, güven aralıkları ve model uyum göstergeleri elde edilebilir. Öte yandan, yine Excel kullanılarak doğrusal olmayan regresyon yapmak mümkündür. Ancak, böyle bir durumda sadece model parametreleri ve model uyum göstergeleri hesaplanabilir. Yani, model parametrelerinin belirsizlikleri (standart hataları ya da güven aralıkları) elde edilemez. Oysa parametre belirsizlikleri eldeki veriler için bir modelin kullanılıp kullanılmayacağının önemli göstergelerinden biridir ve bunları elde edebilmek için doğrusal olmayan regresyon yapabilen ücretli yazılımlar kullanılabilir. Bir diğer alternatif ise hemen herkesin bilgisayarında yüklü olan Excel’de Monte Carlo (MC) benzetimi yapmaktır. Bu çalışmada bunun nasıl yapılacağı detaylı bir şekilde madde madde açıklanmıştır. Excel’de MC benzetimi yapılarak elde edilen parametre belirsizlikleri doğrusal olmayan regresyon yapabilen diğer ücretli yazılımlarla karşılaştırıldığında birbirlerine çok yakın değerler elde edildiği görülmüştür. Excel kullanımına aşina oldukça Excel’de MC benzetimi yapmak (rastgele veri üretimi, Çözücü aracının kullanımı, vd.) oldukça sıradan ve basit bir işlem olacak ve bu bilgiler gıda bilimlerinde farklı alanlarda (mikrobiyoloji, biyoteknoloji, temel işlemler vd.) çalışan birçok araştırmacı için fayda sağlayacaktır.
Türkiye'nin Coğrafi İşaretli Peynirleri
Authors: ÇAKMAKÇI Songül , SALIK Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2021

Türkiye; coğrafi konumu, zengin doğal kaynakları, tarihi ve kültürel mirası ile benzeri olmayan bir ülkedir. Çok çeşitli geleneksel gıdaya sahip olan ülkemizin her bölgesinde, yüzlerce geleneksel gıda, nesiller boyu orijinalliğini koruyarak üretilmektedir. Geleneksel gıdalardan beklenen ekonomik ve kırsal kalkınmanın sağlanmasında Coğrafi İşaret (Cİ)'in payı oldukça yüksektir. Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (TÜRKPATENT) tarafından Cİ şöyle tanımlanmıştır: Belirgin bir niteliği, ünü veya diğer özellikleri nedeniyle, kökeninin bulunduğu bir yöre, alan, bölge veya ülke ile özdeşleşmiş bir ürünü gösteren işaretlerdir. Bu bağlamda, menşe işareti; tüm özelliklerini üretildiği coğrafi sınırların doğal ve beşerî unsurlardan alan, üretimi, işlenmesi ve diğer işlemlerin tümü belirlenen coğrafi alanda gerçekleştirilen ürünleri tanımlar. Mahreç işareti ise aynı özelliklerden en az biri belirlenmiş coğrafi alanda yapılan ürünleri tanımlamaktadır. Türkiye, peynir çeşitliliği bakımından oldukça zengin bir ülke olup, 150'den fazla peynir çeşidi bulunmaktadır. Cİ alma potansiyeli yüksek olan bu peynirlerin çoğu kırsal bölgelerde ihtiyacı karşılayacak miktarlarda geleneksel olarak üretilir. Bazıları ise ülke çapında üne sahip olup katma değere dönüştürülmüştür. Günümüze kadar 27 farklı peynir çeşidi TÜRKPATENT tarafından menşe (13 adet) ve mahreç (14 adet) işaretli olarak tescillenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin şimdiye kadar Cİ almış peynirleri derlenerek; bu peynirlerin tanımları, ayırt edici özellikleri, üretim teknolojileri ve bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri özet olarak sunulmuştur.