bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Abundance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Zeng Linmiao , Dai Yiqun , Liu Yuting , Song Bin , Lin Hui , Xiao Jianhong
Published: October 2024

Background: Lung cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are currently viewed as the established first-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations. Summary: The potential predictive value of the quantitative abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in the treatment of NSCLC is widely recognized and regarded as a significant indicator. The definition of mutation abundance in the EGFR gene in most current studies is mainly calculated based on the ratio of mutation to wild-type gene copy number or based on the ratio of allele number; for example, variant allele frequency is the ratio of the number of mutant alleles to the total number of alleles at a particular locus. Results of the included primary studies are as follows. (1) Significant association between EGFR mutation abundance and progression-free survival (PFS): median PFS was significantly longer in the high abundance group (11.0 months, 95% CI: 9.7–12.3 months) than in the low abundance group (5.3 months, 95% CI: 3.6–7.0 months) in the study by Liu et al. High mutation abundance (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.82, p = 0.037) was an independent prognostic determinant of PFS in the study by Wang et al. Among patients receiving EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy, the median PFS was significantly longer in the high mutation abundance group than in the low mutation abundance group (12.7 months vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.002). EGFR mutation abundance ≥30% was an independent risk factor for PFS (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.17–2.31). (2) Significant association between EGFR mutation abundance and overall survival (OS): the median OS in the high abundance group in the study by Liu et al. was 20.9 months (95% CI: 18.3–23.5 months), while that in the low abundance group was 13.0 months (95% CI: 10.0 months) (95% CI: 10.3–15.7 months); longer OS was independently associated with high mutation abundance (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.79, p = 0.027). Key Messages: The objective of this article was to conduct a comprehensive examination and analysis of the association between the abundance of EGFR mutations in NSCLC and the effectiveness of treatment with TKIs while also considering the development of drug resistance.
The history of palaeomyrmecology with emphasis on the works of the prominent palaeomyrmecologist Gennady M. Dlussky (1937–2014)
Authors: ZHARKOV DMITRY M. , DUBOVIKOFF DMITRY A. , ABAKUMOV EVGENY V.
Published: October 2024

May 1, 2024, marks the 10th anniversary of the passing of the eminent palaeomyrmecologist Professor Gennady M. Dlussky. In the decade since his death, 20 posthumous articles have been published, furthering his legacy. To honour his contributions and to document his role as the most significant figure in the history of palaeomyrmecology, we have written an account of the field’s development, with a special focus on Dlussky’s work on fossil ants. Over the course of his scientific career, G.M. Dlussky authored or co-authored 226 fossil ant species, representing nearly a third (28%) of all valid fossil species known today. We have identified four stages in the development of palaeomyrmecology, one of which we have named “Dlussky’s Era.” Additionally, we provide a comprehensive list of his palaeomyrmecological publications.
Pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplantation
Authors: O'Brien Helen , Murray John , Orfali Nina , Fahy Ruairi J.
Published: October 2024

Bone marrow transplantation, now often known as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is a complex choreographed procedure used to treat both acquired and inherited disorders of the bone marrow. It has proven invaluable as therapy for haematological and immunological disorders, and more recently in the treatment of metabolic and enzyme disorders. As the number of performed transplants grows annually, and with patients enjoying improved survival, a knowledge of both early and late complications of HSCT is essential for respiratory trainees and physicians in practice. This article highlights the spectrum of respiratory complications, both infectious and non-infectious, the timeline of their likely occurrence, and the approaches used for diagnosis and treatment, keeping in mind that more than one entity may occur simultaneously. As respiratory issues are often a leading cause of short- and long-term morbidity, consideration of a combined haematology/respiratory clinic may prove useful in this patient population.
Controversies in the clinical management of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Hu Xinxin , Hulme Kathryn , Brien Liana , Hutabarat Sonya Natasha , Harrington Zinta
Published: October 2024

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis has a range of manifestations from indolent nodules to semi-invasive infection. Patients may be asymptomatic or have chronic symptoms such as cough and weight loss or present with life-threatening haemoptysis. The physician can choose from a range of available therapies including medical therapy with antifungals, minimally invasive therapy with intracavitary antifungal therapy and surgery involving open thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The patients with the most severe forms of pulmonary infection may not be surgical candidates due to their underlying pulmonary condition. The management of haemoptysis can include tranexamic acid, bronchial artery embolisation, antifungals or surgery. There are few controlled studies to inform clinicians managing complex cases, so a multidisciplinary approach may be helpful.
Enhanced spinal cord repair using bioengineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with miRNA
Authors: Abbas Azar , Huang Xiaosheng , Ullah Aftab , Luo Lishi , Xi Wenqun , Qiao Yuanjiao , Zeng Kun
Published: October 2024

Background

A spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in severe impairment and fatality as well as significant motor and sensory abnormalities. Exosomes produced from IPSCs have demonstrated therapeutic promise for accelerating spinal cord injury recovery, according to a recent study.

Objective

This study aims to develop engineered IPSCs-derived exosomes (iPSCs-Exo) capable of targeting and supporting neurons, and to assess their therapeutic potential in accelerating recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

iPSCs-Exo were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and western blot. To enhance neuronal targeting, iPSCs-Exo were bioengineered, and their uptake by neurons was visualized using PKH26 labeling and fluorescence microscopy. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effects of miRNA-loaded engineered iPSCs-Exo were evaluated by exposing neurons to LPS and IFN-γ. In vivo, biodistribution of engineered iPSC-Exo was monitored using a vivo imaging system. The therapeutic efficacy of miRNA-loaded engineered iPSC-Exo in a SCI mouse model was assessed by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores, H&E, and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining.

Results

The results showed that engineered iPSC-Exo loaded with miRNA promoted the spinal cord injure recovery. Thorough safety assessments using H&E staining on major organs revealed no evidence of systemic toxicity, with normal organ histology and biochemistry profiles following engineered iPSC-Exo administration.

Conclusion

These results suggest that modified iPSC-derived exosomes loaded with miRNA have great potential as a cutting-edge therapeutic approach to improve spinal cord injury recovery. The observed negligible systemic toxicity further underscores their potential safety and efficacy in clinical applications.
The role and therapeutic potential of itaconate in lung disease
Authors: He Ruyuan , Zuo Yifan , Yi Ke , Liu Bohao , Song Congkuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: October 2024

Lung diseases triggered by endogenous or exogenous factors have become a major concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Inflammation and an over-activated immune system can lead to a cytokine cascade, resulting in lung dysfunction and injury. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by macrophages, has been reported as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress agent with significant potential in regulating immunometabolism. As a naturally occurring metabolite in immune cells, itaconate has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in lung diseases through its role in regulating inflammation and immunometabolism. This review focuses on the origin, regulation, and function of itaconate in lung diseases, and briefly discusses its therapeutic potential.
The identification and analysis of meristematic mutations within the apple tree that developed the RubyMac sport mutation
Authors: Sun Hequan , Abeli Patrick , Campoy José Antonio , Rütjes Thea , Krause Kristin , Jiao Wen-Biao , Beaudry Randy , Schneeberger Korbinian
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding the molecular basis of sport mutations in fruit trees has the potential to accelerate generation of improved cultivars.

Results

For this, we analyzed the genome of the apple tree that developed the RubyMac phenotype through a sport mutation that led to the characteristic fruit coloring of this variety. Overall, we found 46 somatic mutations that distinguished the mutant and wild-type branches of the tree. In addition, we found 54 somatic gene conversions (i.e., loss-of-heterozygosity mutations) that also distinguished the two parts of the tree. Approximately 20% of the mutations were specific to individual cell lineages, suggesting that they originated from the corresponding meristematic layers. Interestingly, the de novo mutations were enriched for GC =  > AT transitions while the gene conversions showed the opposite bias for AT =  > GC transitions, suggesting that GC-biased gene conversions have the potential to counteract the AT-bias of de novo mutations. By comparing the gene expression patterns in fruit skins from mutant and wild-type branches, we found 56 differentially expressed genes including 18 involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. While none of the differently expressed genes harbored a somatic mutation, we found that some of them in regions of the genome that were recently associated with natural variation in fruit coloration.

Conclusion

Our analysis revealed insights in the characteristics of somatic change, which not only included de novo mutations but also gene conversions. Some of these somatic changes displayed strong candidate mutations for the change in fruit coloration in RubyMac.
Prognostic value of the duke activity Status Index Questionnaire in predicting mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: 36-month follow-up study
Authors: Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Dourado Izadora Moraes , Marinho Renan Shida , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , da Luz Goulart Cássia , Batista dos Santos Polliana , Roscani Meliza Goi , Phillips Shane A. , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey
Published: October 2024

Background

The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaire has been the focus of numerous investigations - its discriminative and prognostic capacity has been continuously explored, supporting its use in the clinical setting, specifically during rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).However, studies exploring optimal DASI questionnaire threshold scores are limited.

Objective

To investigate optimal DASI questionnaire thresholds values in predicting mortality in a CHF cohort and assess mortality rates based on the DASI questionnaire using a thresholds values obtained.

Methodology

This is a prospective cohort study with a 36-month follow-up in patients with CHF. All patients completed a clinical assessment, followed by DASI questionnaire, pulmonary function, and echocardiography. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to discriminate the DASI questionnaire score in determining the risk of mortality. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier model was used to explore the impact of ≤/>23 points on mortality occurring during the 36-month follow-up.

Results

One hundred and twenty-four patients were included, the majority being elderly men. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that ≤/> 23 was a strong predictor of CHF mortality over a 36-month follow-up.

Conclusion

A score of ≤/>23 presents good discriminatory capacity to predict mortality risk in 36 months in patients with CHF, especially in those with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. Age, ejection fraction, DASI questionnaire score and use of digoxin are risk factors that influence mortality in this population.
A comparative study between current and past Helicobacter pylori infection in terms of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahmad Hosam M. , Al-Fishawy Hussein S. , Shaltout Inass , Elnaeem Emad A. Abd , Mohamed Asmaa S. , Salem Amel E.
Published: October 2024

Background

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its potential relationship to various diseases is currently a focus of attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between current and past H. pylori infections and elevated levels of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

Two hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were tested for the presence of H. pylori infection. They were divided into three groups: 52 had a current H. pylori infection, 38 had a past H. pylori infection, and 110 had no H. pylori infection. All study participants underwent assessments of plasma glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), albuminuria levels, inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as other relevant investigations.

Results

The prevalence of H. pylori infection (current and past) was detected in 90 out of 200 diabetic patients (45%). There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of age, diabetes duration, family history of DM, family history of hypertension, residence, or dyspeptic symptoms, indicating that current or past infection with H. pylori has no association with these variables. The current H. pylori infection group showed the highest levels of inflammatory markers, ESR and CRP, which were significantly different from those in the non-infected group (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively). The median (IQR) of albuminuria levels in the current H. pylori infection group, the past H. pylori infection group, and the non-infected group were 125 (4.8–290), 7.6 (2.4–271), and 5.1 (1.2–173), respectively. The current H. pylori infection group showed the highest albuminuria level, which was significantly different from that of the non-infected group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

There might be an association between microalbuminuria levels, general inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP), and current H. pylori infection in type 2 diabetic patients.
Role of endothelial dysfunction in sleep-disordered breathing in egyptian children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Youssry Ilham , Mostafa Abla S. , Hamed Dina H. , Hafez Yasmin F. Abdel , Bishai Irene E. , Selim Yasmeen M. M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Endothelial dysfunction is an integral pathophysiologic mechanism in sickle cell disease (SCD), and can lead to many complications. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a SCD complication with diverse incidence and pathophysiology. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SDB in children with SCD and to assess its relation to endothelial dysfunction.

Methods

Sixty children with SCD and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were evaluated in the entire cohort using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all SCD patients after completion of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).

Results

TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A levels were significantly greater in children with SCD than in controls (p-values < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.006, respectively). The PSQ revealed symptoms suggestive of SDB in 50 children with SCD (83.3%), and PSG revealed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 44 children with SCD (73.3%); 22 patients had mild OSA, and 22 had moderate-to-severe OSA according to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). TNF-α was significantly greater in SCD children who reported heavy or loud breathing, trouble breathing or struggle to breathe, and difficulty waking up in the morning (p-values = 0.002, 0.002, and 0.031, respectively). The IL-6 levels were significantly greater in SCD children who stopped growing normally (p-value = 0.002). The levels of IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly greater in SCD children with morning headaches (p-values = 0.007 and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

Children with SCD showed a high prevalence of SDB with significantly elevated levels of markers of endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of SDB and endothelial dysfunction in SCD.
The ethical requirement of explainability for AI-DSS in healthcare: a systematic review of reasons
Authors: Freyer Nils , Groß Dominik , Lipprandt Myriam
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite continuous performance improvements, especially in clinical contexts, a major challenge of Artificial Intelligence based Decision Support Systems (AI-DSS) remains their degree of epistemic opacity. The conditions of and the solutions for the justified use of the occasionally unexplainable technology in healthcare are an active field of research. In March 2024, the European Union agreed upon the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA), requiring medical AI-DSS to be ad-hoc explainable or to use post-hoc explainability methods. The ethical debate does not seem to settle on this requirement yet. This systematic review aims to outline and categorize the positions and arguments in the ethical debate.

Methods

We conducted a literature search on PubMed, BASE, and Scopus for English-speaking scientific peer-reviewed publications from 2016 to 2024. The inclusion criterion was to give explicit requirements of explainability for AI-DSS in healthcare and reason for it. Non-domain-specific documents, as well as surveys, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The ethical requirements for explainability outlined in the documents were qualitatively analyzed with respect to arguments for the requirement of explainability and the required level of explainability.

Results

The literature search resulted in 1662 documents; 44 documents were included in the review after eligibility screening of the remaining full texts. Our analysis showed that 17 records argue in favor of the requirement of explainable AI methods (xAI) or ad-hoc explainable models, providing 9 categories of arguments. The other 27 records argued against a general requirement, providing 11 categories of arguments. Also, we found that 14 works advocate the need for context-dependent levels of explainability, as opposed to 30 documents, arguing for context-independent, absolute standards.

Conclusions

The systematic review of reasons shows no clear agreement on the requirement of post-hoc explainability methods or ad-hoc explainable models for AI-DSS in healthcare. The arguments found in the debate were referenced and responded to from different perspectives, demonstrating an interactive discourse. Policymakers and researchers should watch the development of the debate closely. Conversely, ethicists should be well informed by empirical and technical research, given the frequency of advancements in the field.
Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of intestinal cancer: preclinical studies and potential clinical applications
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wu Yulin , Tian Yuanyang , Xu Hongxi , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Xian Yan-Fang
Published: October 2024

Intestinal cancer (IC) poses a significant global health challenge that drives continuous efforts to explore effective treatment modalities. Conventional treatments for IC are effective, but are associated with several limitations and drawbacks. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plays an important role in the overall cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies. Recent years have seen a growing body of research focus on the potential of CHM in IC treatment, showing promising results in managing IC and mitigating the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review provides updated information from preclinical research and clinical observation on CHM’s role in treatment of IC, offering insights into its comprehensive management and guiding future prevention strategies and clinical practice.
Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancers of hepatobiliary system: from clinical evidence to drug discovery
Authors: Wu Junyu , Tang Guoyi , Cheng Chien-Shan , Yeerken Ranna , Chan Yau-Tuen , Fu Zhiwen , Zheng Yi-Chao , Feng Yibin , Wang Ning
Published: October 2024

Hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic cancer pose significant challenges in the field of digestive system diseases due to their highly malignant nature. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic approach with long-standing use in China and well-recognized clinical benefits. In this review, we systematically summarized the clinical applications of TCM that have shown promising results in clinical trials in treating hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic cancer. We highlighted several commonly used TCM therapeutics with validated efficacy through rigorous clinical trials, including Huaier Granule, Huachansu, and Icaritin. The active compounds and their potential targets have been thoroughly elucidated to offer valuable insights into the potential of TCM for anti-cancer drug discovery. We emphasized the importance of further research to bridge the gap between TCM and modern oncology, facilitating the development of evidence-based TCM treatment for these challenging malignancies.

Graphical Abstract
Replication kinetics of pathogenic Eurasian orthohantaviruses in human mesangial cells
Authors: Boegelein Lukas , Schreiber Pamela , Philipp Alexandra , Nusshag Christian , Essbauer Sandra , Zeier Martin , Krautkrämer Ellen
Published: October 2024

Background

Eurasian pathogenic orthohantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI). The virulence of orthohantaviruses varies enormously and direct infection of different renal cell types contribute to pathogenesis. Glomerular mesangial cells play an essential role in the interplay between kidney cells and proper kidney function. Therefore, we analyzed the replication competence of different orthohantavirus species in primary mesangial cells and a mesangial cell line.

Methods

We tested the suitability of the mesangial cell line CIHGM-1 (conditionally immortalized human glomerular mesangial cells) as cell culture model for orthohantavirus kidney infection by comparison with primary human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). We analyzed infection with high pathogenic Hantaan virus (HTNV), moderate pathogenic Puumala virus (PUUV) and non-/low-pathogenic Tula virus (TULV).

Results

Effective viral spread was observed for PUUV only, whereas infection with HTNV and TULV was abortive. However, in contrast to TULV, HTNV exhibits an initially high infection rate and declines afterwards. This replication pattern was observed in HRMCs and CIHGM-1 cells. Viability or adhesion was neither impaired for PUUV-infected CIHGM-1 nor HRMCs. A loss of migration capacity was observed in PUUV-infected CIHGM-1 cells, but not in HRMCs.

Conclusions

The identification of differences in the replication competence of pathogenic orthohantavirus strains in renal mesangial cells is of special interest and may provide useful insights in the virus-specific mechanisms of orthohantavirus induced AKI. The use of CIHGM-1 cells will facilitate the research in a relevant cell culture system.
A pilot project to explore the mental health and wellbeing among cardiothoracic staff and the impact of virtual reality guided mindfulness
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Bhuvaneswari , Sagar Shabnam M. , Coonar Aman S. , Raaj Sam , Rathinam Akhash V. , Air Rick , Murray Sarah , Heaslip Vanessa , Iles-Smith Heather , Moorjani Narain , Rathinam Sridhar
Published: October 2024

Background

The Cardio-Thoracic (CT) professional group experienced a significant increase in stress and workload during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery (SCTS) in Great Britain and Ireland with the aim of endorsing positive change. Aim of this project was to understand the Mental Health (MH) and wellbeing status of the CT professionals and to explore Virtual Reality Mindfulness as an intervention to improve MH and wellbeing.

Methods

In February 2022, the SCTS created a Mental Health and Wellbeing Working Group to identify the problem and find solutions. This exploratory project was carried out in two stages. Stage one was an online survey conducted in March 2022 and stage two was a Virtual Reality (VR) mindfulness workshop in March 2023, using the Rescape™ VR mindfulness tool.

Results

Stage one: An online QR code survey was sent out to 150 members with 129 (86%) completed responses. 92% expressed that SCTS should create awareness about mental health and wellbeing. 99% said that they should be allowed to speak up and create interventions for members to access, support and relax. Three main themes identified about why CT staff do not discuss their Mental Health problems were fear of lack of awareness (72%), lack of confidentiality (60%) and impact on career (60%). Stage two: 88 members attended the VR session of which 76 (86%) completed the anonymous questionnaire. 97% reported usage was a pleasurable experience, 91% felt more relaxed, 82% felt less stressed, 90% felt calmer and 89% had their mood enhanced.

Conclusion

Our study findings indicate that CT staff experience considerable effects on their mental health and wellbeing. However, there is a hesitancy to recognise and seek assistance due to concerns about confidentiality and career repercussions. The virtual reality mindfulness session served as a beneficial supplement, with a positive impact in this pilot cohort.
Analytical insights, modulation and compositional dynamics of the feline gut microbiota: a review
Authors: Shi Yuejun , Peng Guiqing , Gebremariam Ashenafi Assefa , Iqbal Muhammad Muazzam , Baghaei Daemi Hakimeh , Khan Muhammad Ali , Ullah Rizwan , Wang Donghan
Published: October 2024

The gastrointestinal tract of felines is inhabited by an active and intricate population of microorganisms whose alteration creates disturbances in the immune response and can affect health and disease states. Studies using various analytical methods have identified peculiar trends in various illnesses, with Firmicutes being the most prevalent phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. However, more Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes have been observed in cats infected with Feline coronavirus. Alterations in the composition of these gut microbiota can be solved by microbiota modification through dietary fiber, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the composition of the gut microbiota, the changes in and roles of the gut environment, and the importance of these concepts for overall health while considering the exchange of microbes between humans and domestic animals. This review provides comprehensive information on feline gut microbiota composition, modulation, and analytic methods used for characterizing the gut microbiota.
President's Page: IMAGE reflections
Authors: Eastwood John
Published: October 2024

While certainly not the only measure, an extremely important metric for success for a professional society is participation.
Symposium Review: Exploring the role of geosciences in carbon storage
Authors: Vedanti Nimisha , Erich Jennifer , Pearce Jonathan M. , Goswami Saumya Kanti
Published: October 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is crucial for clean energy transitions, yet its adoption in Southeast Asia has been slow. In India, the drive for sustainable energy and CCS research intensified after the prime minister set a net-zero target of 2070. Major industries (e.g., steel, cement, and coal-based power plants)have been encouraged to adopt sustainable practices. India is developing domestic CCS capabilities and is open to importing proven technologies.
When You Get to the Fork in the Road, Take It: The Challenges in Managing Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Viscuse Paul , Skelton William P. , Devitt Michael M. , Dreicer Robert
Published: October 2024

As is the case with most solid tumors, the heterogeneity of the disease biology of prostate cancer presents clinicians managing this disease with daily challenges. However, in contrast to other common cancers such as breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, there are unique challenges in prostate cancer management, including the variety of clinicians who manage aspects of the disease (urologists, medical oncologist, radiation oncologists) and the striking absence of prospective comparative data to inform the optimal sequence of systemic therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant disease. The purpose of this review is to attempt to assist practicing oncologists with sorting through the myriad of prostate cancer disease subsets and the challenges in making therapeutic decisions in multiple data-free zones given the absence of level 1 comparative clinical trials in the metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant states.
Time Burdens for Participants With Advanced Cancer in Phase I Trials: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Iskander Renata , Magnan Robart Adele , Moyer Hannah , Nipp Ryan , Gupta Arjun , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Participating in phase I cancer clinical trials often entails extra visits and procedures. We describe the planned time and procedures associated with phase I trial participation.

METHODS

We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for phase I cancer trials of new drugs with assessment schedules and results posted between 2020 and 2022. Trials were included if participants had advanced or metastatic disease. Our primary analysis measured the number of planned research days (PRDs; each day a clinic visit is required) per participant up to the first month of trial participation and for the entire trial duration. Secondarily, we estimated the number of research procedures.

RESULTS

Our sample included 71 phase I trials comprising 302 cohorts. These trials enrolled 3,904 participants; the median participation duration was 2.5 months. During screening and up to the first month of participation, the median PRDs per participant was 7 (IQR, 7-10). Across the entire trial, the median PRDs per participant was 4.5 days per month (IQR, 3.30-6.20). Participants spent 15% of trial days attending planned appointments. Per trial cohort, participants were given a median of 8 (IQR, 7-11) physical examinations, 6 (IQR, 3-10) infusions, 6 (IQR, 3-12) electrocardiograms, and 1 (IQR, 1-3) biopsy.

CONCLUSION

Participants commit a substantial amount of time to planned visits in phase I cancer trials, especially in the first month. Overall, they invest 15% of trial days attending planned research activities. These estimates provide a lower bound to the time participants in phase I trials donate to drug development, as our analysis excluded unplanned visits.
Papillary Craniopharyngioma: An Integrative and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Prieto Ruth , Juratli Tareq A , Bander Evan D , Santagata Sandro , Barrios Laura , Brastianos Priscilla K , Schwartz Theodore H , Pascual José M
Published: October 2024

Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) is a rare type of tumor, comprising ∼20% of all craniopharyngioma (CP) cases. It is now recognized as a separate pathological entity from the adamantinomatous type. PCPs are benign tumors, classified as World Health Organization grade 1, characterized by nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium. They typically grow as solid and round papillomatous masses or as unilocular cysts with a cauliflower-like excrescence. PCPs primarily occur in adults (95%), with increased frequency in males (60%), and predominantly affect the hypothalamus. Over 80% of these tumors are located in the third ventricle, expanding either above an anatomically intact infundibulum (strictly third ventricle tumors) or within the infundibulo-tuberal region of the third ventricle floor. Clinical manifestations commonly include visual deficits and a wide range of psychiatric disturbances (45% of patients), such as memory deficits and odd behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging can identify up to 50% of PCPs by the presence of a basal duct-like recess. Surgical management is challenging, requiring complex approaches to the third ventricle and posing significant risk of hypothalamic injury. The endoscopic endonasal approach allows radical tumor resection and yields more favorable patient outcomes. Of intriguing pathogenesis, over 90% of PCPs harbor the somatic BRAFV600E mutation, which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. A phase 2 clinical trial has demonstrated that PCPs respond well to proto-oncogene B-Raf/MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitors. This comprehensive review synthesizes information from a cohort of 560 well-described PCPs and 99 large CP series including PCP cases published from 1856 to 2023 and represents the most extensive collection of knowledge on PCPs to date.
Projeto Educa+ no Igarapé
Authors: Nepomuceno Anderson Pinheiro , Maquiné Junior José Raimundo , Viana Júlio Alan dos Santos , Santos Junior Luis Carlos de Miranda , Leite Stanley Scherrer de Castro
Published: October 2024

Este caso apresenta as fases de formulação e implementação de recente política pública de financiamento municipal. Por meio da indução de melhorias na educação básica pública com observância da realidade local, leis estaduais devem prever que, no mínimo, 10% da repartição de receitas tributárias estaduais do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS) aos respectivos municípios levem em consideração os indicadores oficiais de aprendizagem e melhorias na equidade, considerando a situação social e econômica dos estudantes. Essa nova política vem sendo chamada de ICMS Educacional e foi inspirada em outro estado brasileiro. O caso é incremental, com elementos de ficção, e aborda o ocorrido no estado de Igarapé, cujas decisões vêm ocorrendo em regime de governança colaborativa entre os diversos interessados. Discorre sobre recentes conceitos da gestão pública contemporânea aplicados no Brasil e é recomendável a discentes e docentes de graduação e especialização de cursos relacionados à Administração Pública.
Extreme eigenvalues of random matrices
Authors: Λούβαρης Μιχαήλ
Published: October 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελείται από δύο μέρη και εξετάζει την ασυμπτωτική συμπεριφορά των ακραίωνιδιοτιμών ορισμένων μοντέλων τυχαίων πινάκων. Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής εξετάζουμε την ασυμπτωτική συμπεριφορά της ελάχιστης ιδιάζουσας τιμής τυχαίων πινάκων με στοιχεία που ακολουθούν κάποια stable κατανομή και στο δεύτερο μέρος βρίσκουμε επαρκείς συνθήκες για τη σύγκλιση της μεγαλύτερης ιδιοτιμής συμμετρικών τυχαίων πινάκων με προφίλ διασπορών, προς τη μεγαλύτερο στοιχείο του στηρίγματος του οριακού μέτρου.
English Grammar Auto-Correction Robot based on Grammatical Error Generation Model
Authors: Gong Zhu
Published: October 2024

The traditional English grammar error correction system has problems such as poor error recognition precision and error correction success rate to be improved. Therefore, in this study, data augmentation techniques were used to transform and process error correcting English texts, and a rule-based and shallow neural network-based English text grammar correction model was constructed. The experimental results showed that the grammar error generation (GEG), rule-based (RB), classification-based (CB), and recurrent neural network (RNN) models achieved accuracy rates of 93.92%, 82.17%, 79.41%, and 88.09% in correcting grammar errors on 1702641 test sentences in the One Billion word corpus, respectively. The experimental results showed that the English grammar error correction model designed in this study had a strong error correction ability, but the computational efficiency was low. The research results significantly improved the accuracy and generalization ability of English grammar correction, optimized learning costs, and brought positive impacts to educational applications, providing strong support for the development of intelligent English grammar correction.
Deep Learning Driven Real-Time Airspace Monitoring Using Satellite Imagery
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Kumar Satyam , Choudhury Deepjyoti
Published: October 2024

Detecting aircraft in remote sensing images poses a formidable challenge due to the diverse characteristics of aircraft, including type, size, pose, and intricate backgrounds. Traditional algorithms encounter difficulties in manually extracting features from numerous candidate regions. This paper introduces an innovative aircraft detection approach that combines corner clustering with a diverse set of Deep Learning (DL) models. The proposed method involves two main stages: region proposal and classification. In the region proposal stage, initial candidate regions are generated using a mean-shift clustering algorithm applied to corners detected on binary images. Subsequently, a comprehensive set of classifiers, encompassing CNN, DenseNet, MobileNetV2, Inception v3, Random Forest (R.F), ResNet50, ResNeXT, Support Vector Machine (SVM), VGG16, Xception, EfficientNet, and InceptionResNetv2, is employed for feature extraction and classification. The presented approach demonstrates superior accuracy and efficiency compared to conventional methods. By leveraging the autonomous learning capabilities of CNN and DL models on extensive datasets, the methodology generates a reduced yet high-quality set of candidate regions. Inspired by the detection methodology employed by image analysts, the approach adopts a coarse-to-fine strategy using CNN and DL models. The first CNN proposes coarse candidate regions, and the second identifies individual airplanes within these regions in finer detail. This framework results in a decreased number of candidate regions compared to existing literature while extracting distinctive deep features. Experimental evaluations on Google Earth images validate the efficiency of the proposed method, underscoring its potential for practical applications in both civilian and military contexts.
Research and Design of Intelligent Parking Management System based on the YOLO Algorithm
Authors: Tang Mingjun , Ge Kunpeng , Dai Jun , Guo Linyang , Shan Dan
Published: October 2024

Given the difficulty in managing parking lots and inefficient utilization of parking spaces at university and college campuses, this paper designs an intelligent campus parking management system with functions such as license plate recognition (LPR), online parking space reservations, campus parking navigation, and mobile app payment through the parking space detection technology based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and cloud platform technology. This system obtains information relating to license plates, parking spaces, etc. from sensing nodes with the IoT technology and transmits the collected information through NB-IoT technology to a cloud platform for storage and management to facilitate information exchange between hardware and software. This paper describes the architecture of the intelligent parking management system, parking space detection technology based on the YOLOv4 algorithm, and hardware and software design of the system. The paper proposes an effective solution to parking problems facing colleges and universities. The paper concludes that the intelligent campus parking management system based on the YOLOv4 algorithm can prevent the haphazard parking of vehicles and traffic congestion at open campuses and therefore has important value for application and popularization.
Scalable Innovative Factors for Shaping Consumer Intentions on Electric Two-Wheelers Adoptions
Authors: Karpurapu Sailatha , Saikumar Kayam , Kocharla Laxmaiah , Rao P. Syamala , Govathoti Sudeepthi
Published: October 2024

Electric two-wheelers (ETWs) have emerged as a dominant choice over traditional counterparts in global consumer markets, prompting a shift in consumer behaviour. While existing research has delved into the adoption of ETWs, there remains a notable gap in understanding the intricate factors driving consumer adoption, particularly their inclination toward innovation. This study investigates the landscape of ETWs in India, focusing on facilitating conditions, pricing dynamics, personal innovativeness, and behavioral intentions. Utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, 220 Indian ETW users were surveyed to elucidate the interplay between facilitating conditions, price, and behavioral intentions, mediated by personal innovativeness. The findings underscore the significant impact of facilitating conditions and price on behavioral intentions, with personal innovativeness serving as a pivotal mediator in this relationship. Moreover, this study underscores the importance for ETW businesses to prioritize user-friendly designs, ensuring a seamless and enjoyable experience for consumers. Furthermore, targeting highly innovative consumers emerges as a strategic imperative for businesses in devising effective marketing strategies. By shedding light on facilitating conditions, price dynamics, personal innovation, and behavioral intentions, this study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature. In terms of environmental sustainability, the scalability of electric twowheelers contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating air pollution in urban areas. As more individuals switch from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric two-wheelers, the collective impact on reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality becomes increasingly significant, especially in densely populated regions where transportation-related pollution is a major concern. Additionally, it offers a nuanced understanding of the mediating role of personal innovation in the context of ETWs, thereby informing future research and strategic initiatives in the field of electric mobility.
Damage Prediction Effect of Reinforced Concrete Column and Beam Structure Improved by Multimedia Technology
Authors: Chen Yujiao
Published: October 2024

In order to improve the damage prediction effect of concrete structural column and beam structure, this paper uses multimedia technology to improve the damage prediction effect of reinforced concrete structural column and beam structure. Moreover, this paper presents the intelligent transformation model and the corresponding solution of the general damage problem, and deduces the error relationship between the result estimator and the importance function according to the error of the importance function. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the importance function and the dual transport calculation, this paper proposes a complementary dual calculation process that can provide the importance function to each other, and builds an intelligent prediction model. Through the experimental research, it can be seen that the multimedia technology algorithm proposed in this paper can play an important role in the damage prediction of concrete structural columns and beams.
Evaluation Method of Implementation Effect of Rural Revitalization Strategy based on Wavelet Analysis Algorithm
Authors: Chen Huaichuan , Chu Zehua
Published: October 2024

This study presents an innovative approach to evaluate the implementation effects of the Rural Revitalization Strategy R2S, utilising the robust capabilities of the wavelet analysis algorithm. The proposed methodology integrates the strength of wavelet transform, an advanced mathematical tool for signal processing, with the entropy weighting method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. This integration creates a comprehensive framework for assessing the multifaceted impacts of rural revitalisation initiatives. The wavelet analysis algorithm is the cornerstone of this approach, enabling the decomposition of complex rural development data into different frequency components, thus facilitating a more nuanced analysis. The entropy weighting method contributes by objectively determining the weights of various evaluation indicators, ensuring that the most relevant factors in rural revitalisation are emphasised in the assessment process. The TOPSIS model complements this by clearly ranking the analysed strategies based on their proximity to an ideal solution, thereby enabling decision-makers to identify the most effective strategies for rural development. Together, these techniques form a powerful tool for evaluating the effectiveness of rural revitalisation strategies, offering critical insights for policy formulation and implementation in rural areas. This study’s methodology not only enhances the accuracy of evaluation but also provides a replicable model for similar assessments in other contexts, contributing significantly to rural development and policy analysis.
Research on English Translation Optimization Algorithm Based on Statistical Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Jinghan
Published: October 2024

In the study titled Research on English Translation Optimization Algorithm Based on Statistical Machine Learning: IAAM-NN (Integrating Advanced Attention Mechanisms with Neural Networks), we explore the fusion of advanced attention mechanisms with neural networks to enhance English translation accuracy. This research delves into the intersection of statistical machine learning and language processing, presenting a novel approach termed IAAM-NN. This method capitalizes on the strengths of neural networks in learning complex patterns and the refined attention mechanisms’ ability to accurately map contextual relationships within text. The core objective is to address the challenges faced in traditional translation algorithms – primarily context misinterpretation and semantic inaccuracies. By harnessing the power of advanced attention mechanisms, the IAAM-NN algorithm effectively deciphers nuanced linguistic structures, ensuring more accurate and contextually relevant translation outputs. This study demonstrates the potential of combining neural network models with enhanced attention processes, illustrating significant improvements in translation quality compared to standard machine learning approaches. The implementation of IAAM-NN marks a step forward in the realm of machine translation, offering insights into developing more sophisticated and reliable translation tools in the future.
Predictive Cultivation: Integrating Meteorological Data and Machine Learning for Enhanced Crop Yield Forecast
Authors: Kalyani BJD , Shahanaz Shaik , Sai Kopparthi Praneeth
Published: October 2024

Agriculture is a key component of Telangana’s economy, and greater performance in this sector is crucial for inclusive growth. A central challenge is yielding estimation to predict crop yields before harvesting. This paper addresses this challenge with machine learning approaches includes Naive Bayes, KNN and Random Forest. The parameters considered for model testing are crop, season, rainfall and location. This paper includes a case study of Telangana with the help of Telangana weather data set to provide analysis on the key factors like overall rainfall recorded with respect to each Mandal, overall seasonal yield in selected years, seasonal yield of major crops like Bengal gram, groundnut and maize, and overall yield in two different agricultural seasons: rabi and kharif. Random forest machine learning model produces highest accuracy of 99.32% when compared with other process models.