bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the concept of strategic corporate social responsibility for an integrated perspective
Authors: Sekhar Bhattacharyya Som
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of screens which would filter in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs that make business sense for a firm and screen out those that do not. This process based set of screens filter CSR initiatives based on certain inclusion and exclusion parameters. This paper further presents an integrated conceptualization of a strategic CSR framework. The CSR programs that pass through the set of screens are evaluated based on its strategic characteristics and the business gains from it.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is conceptual in nature. The approach adopted in this paper is first to set the study context by presenting the extant literature on CSR and strategic management. Further based upon the perspectives from extant literature, the author incrementally builds an integrated framework on strategic CSR by using and providing logical arguments.

Findings

This conceptual paper presents new and richer theoretical perspectives on strategic CSR and thus extending the known theoretical knowledge boundaries on CSR. Further, insights could be gathered if the strategic CSR theoretical framework developed in this paper is studied empirically.

Practical implications

The perspectives on strategic CSR developed in this paper would help managers to design strategic CSR programs based on its focus and direction, proactiveness, activity nature, characteristics, and benefits.

Originality/value

In the past some scholars had attempted to develop framework on designing strategic CSR. In this paper, the author attempts to provide a more holistic and yet comprehensive theoretical perspective on strategic CSR initiatives. CSR managers can use this framework to design their CSR initiatives and manage their firm's CSR initiatives in a more effective and efficient manner.
Art for health
Authors: Fraser Joan
Published: January 2010

Asserts that designing a mural about smoking, diet and exercise can
help young people to understand the health messages they are trying to
portray. Describes the setting up of a competition to design a wall
mural incorporating the ideas of no smoking, healthy diet and exercise,
and its subsequent evaluation by means of a quiz given before and after
the designing of the mural. Reports that there was a measurable and
statistically significant increase in knowledge after the competition.
Asserts the competition demonstrated that art has potential educational
value but that gaps were identified which would best be addressed
through direct teaching. Concludes the project had further benefits on
the development of other health projects, on schools and staff.
Targets to aim for
Authors: Harden Hazel
Published: January 2010

Supports the view that enabling pupils to set achievable goals for
eating a better diet and taking more exercise can help them towards a
healthier lifestyle. Describes the introduction of an award winning
Lifestyles Campaign into two Birmingham schools, key features being
pupil participation and student ownership of the initiative. Students
were encouraged to set realistic, practical and achievable targets and
to participate in group activities. Outlines the methodology used and
asserts that the outcome of the campaign supported the hypothesis that
the approach taken by the programme motivated pupils to become more
physically active. Suggests that successful setting and reaching of
targets may be included in each student′s record of achievement, thus
reinforcing the importance of lifestyle and commitment to promoting
health.
An analytical energy model for metal foil deposition in ultrasonic consolidation
Authors: Yang Yanzhe , Janaki Ram G.D. , Stucker Brent E.
Published: January 2010

Purpose

Recently, a number of research projects have been focused on an emerging additive manufacturing process, termed ultrasonic consolidation (UC). The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical energy model aimed at investigating the effects of process parameters on bond formation in UC.

Design/methodology/approach

In the model, two factors are defined, energy input to the workpiece within a single cycle of ultrasonic vibration (E0) and total energy input to the workpiece (Et), to evaluate to the magnitude of transmitted energy into the workpiece during UC.

Findings

It is found that linear weld density, E0 and Et are affected by process parameters in similar manners.

Research limitations/implications

The current model is developed based on several simplifying assumptions, and energy dissipation and bond degradation during UC are not considered in the model.

Originality/value

The current model gives a useful understanding of the effects of process parameter on the bond formation in UC from an energy point of view.
Manufacturability analysis to combine additive and subtractive processes
Authors: Kerbrat Olivier , Mognol Pascal , Hascoet Jean‐Yves
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to estimate manufacturing complexity for both machining and layered manufacturing. The goal is to take into account manufacturing constraints at design stage in order to realize tools (dies and molds) by a combination of a subtractive process (high‐speed machining) and an additive process (selective laser sintering).

Design/methodology/approach

Manufacturability indexes are defined and calculated from the tool computer‐aided design (CAD) model, according to geometric, material and specification information. The indexes are divided into two categories: global and local. For local indexes, a decomposition of the tool CAD model is used, based on an octree decomposition algorithm and a map of manufacturing complexity is obtained.

Findings

The manufacturability indexes values provide a well‐detailed view of which areas of the tool may advantageously be machined or manufactured by an additive process.

Originality/value

Nowadays, layered manufacturing processes are coming to maturity, but there is still no way to compare these new processes with traditional ones (like machining) at the early design stage. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to combine additive and subtractive processes, for tooling design and manufacturing. A manufacturability analysis is based on an octree decomposition, with calculation of manufacturing complexity indexes from the tool CAD model.
The role of involvement and identification on event quality perceptions and satisfaction
Authors: Jae Ko Yong , Kyoum Kim Yu , Kil Kim Min , Hak Lee Jeoung
Published: January 2010

Purpose

Since the introduction of martial arts in the global community through a variety of international sport events, the sport of Taekwondo (TKD) has grown rapidly. Although the magnitude of the TKD market has increased, few systematic studies have been conducted to understand TKD participants, particularly consumer variables associated with TKD events. The rapid growth of TKD as a global cultural product warrants a better understanding of event consumers and their decision‐making processes. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers' quality perceptions and satisfaction by focusing on their sport involvement and identification.

Design/methodology/approach

Research respondents (n = 215) were spectators of the 2007 US Open TKD Championship, an annual event held by USA Taekwondo Inc.

Findings

Results suggest that identification and involvement positively influence event quality perceptions and satisfaction. Specifically, highly identified fans/competitors are highly satisfied and perceive service quality more positively. This study proceeds to a discussion of theoretical implications and future opportunities for event managers.

Originality/value

Until now, there has not been substantial research on these issues. It is anticipated that the results of this study may enhance the understanding of a particular TKD market in the USA and provide guidance for developing effective marketing strategies and maintaining current event successes. Therefore, the scholarly effort aimed at understanding these issues will make both scientific and practical contributions.
Product effects on endorser image
Authors: Charbonneau Jan , Garland Ron
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate reverse image transfer as it applies to both celebrities (actors/models) and celebrity athletes in a New Zealand context. It extends the work of Garland and Charbonneau which examined reverse image transfer (product image transferring to endorser) as it applied to celebrity athlete endorsers alone.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for the study are collected from 240 New Zealand university undergraduate students who are split equally into eight treatment groups. Using Ohanian's source‐credibility scale, each group rate several celebrities or celebrity athletes on their suitability for endorsing two contrasting products: orange juice (representing a positively perceived product) and cigarettes (representing a negatively perceived product). ANOVA (analysis of variance) is used to compare means between celebrities/celebrity athletes and the products they endorse. The study is a close replication of Till's work in the USA.

Findings

The results show a pronounced polarising effect for celebrity athletes, as opposed to celebrities (actors/models), for the endorsement of both products but particularly for cigarettes, the negative product. The potential for reverse image transfer is real, demanding careful attention by celebrities, agents and marketers during evaluation of endorsement opportunities.

Research limitations/implications

Though not compromising the research integrity, the sample of New Zealand students is restrictive. Further extension of the research is advisable to address limitations based on sample composition, cultural setting and time of research.

Originality/value

Aside from addressing the paucity of research on reverse image transfer, this paper signals important managerial implications for celebrity endorsers and their agents.
Analysing value added as an indicator of intellectual capital and its consequences on company performance
Authors: Zéghal Daniel , Maaloul Anis
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of value added (VA) as an indicator of intellectual capital (IC), and its impact on the firm's economic, financial and stock market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™) method is used on 300 UK companies divided into three groups of industries: high‐tech, traditional and services. Data require to calculate VAIC™ method are obtained from the “Value Added Scoreboard” provided by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Empirical analysis is conducted using correlation and linear multiple regression analysis.

Findings

The results show that companies' IC has a positive impact on economic and financial performance. However, the association between IC and stock market performance is only significant for high‐tech industries. The results also indicate that capital employed remains a major determinant of financial and stock market performance although it has a negative impact on economic performance.

Practical implications

The VAIC™ method could be an important tool for many decision makers to integrate IC in their decision process.

Originality/value

This is the first research which has used the data on VA recently calculated and published by the UK DTI in the “Value Added Scoreboard”. This paper constitutes therefore a kind of validation of the ministry data.
Assessing knowledge creation and intellectual capital in banking industry
Authors: Shih Kuang‐Hsun , Chang Chia‐Jung , Lin Binshan
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the empirical studies on knowledge creation and intellectual capital (IC) to generalize the important factors concerning knowledge creation and IC of banks. The major purpose is to explore the relationship between knowledge creation and IC through the construction of the correlation patterns between these two elements.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts the knowledge management (KM) measurement to examine the formats of knowledge creation on evaluation of relationship between different elements in the IC of banks by structural equation modeling.

Findings

The performance of knowledge creation has significant influence on the accumulation of subsequent human capital. Cognitivists and connectivists are considered the main knowledge creators in the banking industry. The performance of human capital exhibits significant influence on structural capital and customer capital. The performance of customer capital reports significant influence on the formation of structural capital.

Research limitations/implications

The ability to create knowledge is highly relevant to IC in the banking industry. Companies should define their own robust mechanisms for knowledge creation to improve their ability in knowledge creation. Knowledge creation in banks should focus on the exchange and sharing of information. It is suggested that the usual approach adopted by banks is brainstorming and workshops, and the connecting approach is team‐oriented.

Practical implications

The managers in the banking industry should identify the ways to cultivate in‐depth contents of IC and have comprehensive development on IC to create differentiated advantages and boost corporate competitiveness.

Originality/value

The importance of tangible assets is waning and has been gradually shifting to knowledge and IC, and thus, KM has become an important strategy in corporate competition. Organizations have been redefined as platforms that can create knowledge and accumulate intangible, IC.
Organizational life and culture: too civil for community?
Authors: Bokeno R. Michael
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expose some underlying implications of the term “civility” as a developmental issue for preferred behavior in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The terms “civility” and “community” are contrasted with the intent of determining what behaviors we really want at work.

Findings

Civility invokes rules and behavioral codes that might preclude community.

Practical implications

“Civility” and “community” require distinct sets of interaction behavior and understanding.

Social implications

Reflection on what we really want in our interaction with others at work should drive organizational policies regarding preferred organizational behavior.

Originality/value

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.
A talent development framework: tackling the puzzle
Authors: Haskins Mark E. , Shaffer George R.
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a concise, robust talent development framework for summarizing and guiding the organizational activities pertaining to having the right people, at the right time, getting the right type of talent development experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is the result of over 40 combined years of advising and working with executive education corporate clients on the assessment of talent development needs and plans.

Findings

Four challenges underpin any approach taken to develop an organization's talent. Talent building endeavors should be business driven, future focused, integrated, and deliver measurable results. In response to these challenges, and based on our work with a number of corporate clients, we have created the talent development framework (TDF). It provides a lens through which to view, organize, and monitor talent development activities.

Practical implications

The experience‐based framework presented here is immediately useful to those responsible for developing and enhancing organizational talent.

Originality/value

The organizational endeavors pertaining to the monitoring, managing, and motivating of talent development are numerous and varied in their foci, timing, and purpose. This article presents an organizing framework for “seeing all the pieces” and how they fit together, and apply to various organizational populations for different purposes. As such, it provides a codified, organized approach to talent development.
Building bridges for change: how leaders enable collective change in organizations
Authors: Gray Wilson Daniel
Published: January 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to present multidisciplinary, research‐based insights into the challenges of changing behaviors at large‐scale in organizations and articulates practical approaches for leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review of research and practices of social and organizational change was conducted and thematically summarized. The themes were discussed and revised with input from twenty global leaders and a dozen university researchers at a two‐day conference held at Harvard University's Learning Innovation Laboratory.

Findings

Supporting changes of practice in organizations depends on a leaders understanding how to best affect collective behaviors. Emerging research from the fields of political science, social networking, and social change suggest that leaders can build three types of bridges that support large‐scale change: emotional bridges by creating strategic narratives, relational bridges by targeting social clusters, and structural bridges by leveraging pre‐existing social associations in organizations.

Practical implications

The themes illustrate practical approaches that leaders can use to diagnose the types of change they wish to support and offer concrete strategies for designing and supporting changes in collective behaviors.

Originality/value

This article aims to present a unique synthesis of emerging, multidisciplinary research on supporting collective change in organizations and offers an intuitive model to support leaders in their actions.
Tacit knowledge sharing: techniques for putting a powerful tool in practice
Authors: Mayfield Milton
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline techniques for developing and encouraging tacit knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

These techniques are drawn from research and practical experience in improving worker knowledge sharing.

Findings

Some highly useful and broadly applicable ways to increase tacit knowledge sharing – when supported by an organizational reward system – are organizationally developed wikis, town hall meetings, and mentor programs.

Originality/value

This paper provides specific suggestions on tacit knowledge sharing methods for increased organizational performance.
Differences in implementing management and organization development directions between domestic and foreign companies in Estonia
Authors: Zernand‐Vilson Maris , Elenurm Tiit
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out which contemporary management ideas have been implemented in Estonian business organizations and what are the differences between domestic and foreign companies in the field of management innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Experts selected among management development approaches that were most frequently reflected in Harvard Business Review, Fortune Magazine and in the ProQuest database 8 direction that are most relevant for the survey in the transition economy context. The survey format is a qualitative questionnaire submitted to top managers in 141 Estonian enterprises.

Findings

The most frequently followed management development directions are balanced scorecard/management by objectives, supply chain management, learning organization, and total quality management. General differences between contemporary management directions in the domestic‐ and foreign‐owned companies researched are not significant. The initial hypothesis that contemporary management directions implemented in Estonian enterprises are mainly based on knowledge transfer by foreign enterprises or investors is not affirmed.

Research limitations/implications

By using only a selection of management directions, it is not possible to draw final conclusions about the development process of management practice. The nature of the sample does not allow the authors to draw conclusions about all business sectors in Estonia.

Practical implications

The results provide insight into the value of contemporary management directions for Estonian enterprises and enable the authors to make some forecasts about future management trends in Estonia depending on domestic and foreign ownership of enterprises that can be taken into consideration in management training programmes.

Originality/value

The paper provides an overview of innovations in management practice in a transition economy that has not been researched earlier by using a tool that operationalizes contemporary management directions.
Multinationals' sins pave the way to the expansion of domestic companies
Authors: Wycislak Slawomir
Published: January 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the position of multinationals versus domestic companies.

Design/methodology/approach

With the strong interest of multinationals in non‐alcoholic drinks, and the relatively solid position of local firms, the non‐alcoholic drinks industry in Poland is the focus of this study. The author conducted numerous trade interviews. Data from various sources such as trade magazines, trade associations was also the component of research approach.

Findings

Domestic companies proved their ability not only to sustain their position, but also to expand within Eastern Europe.

Research limitations/implications

More insight into cultural sensitivity and financial crisis is required in order to better understand factors affecting the position of multinationals across international markets.

Practical implications

In‐depth study that highlights sins committed by multinationals. Local companies could transform themselves into regional players and threaten multinationals within Eastern Europe.

Originality/value

Presents some of the key points, strategy, brand, new product developments, cultural sensitivity, learning, that are significant enough to draw the attention of global managers.
Towards successful knowledge management: people development approach
Authors: Monavvarian Abbas , Khamda Zahra
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relations between people development management (PDM) as independent variable and knowledge management (KM) as dependent variable, in some Iranian healthcare centers. Design/methodology/approach – Applying the structural equation model (SEM) approach. Investigating causal relations of the variables through Lisrel software. Findings – Findings show that in the researched organizations there is a significant positive relation between PDM and its components, and KM. PDM have direct significant effect (0.85) on KM. The relation between the factor titled as “learning needs analysis and induction”, and KM is fairly more important than the other factors. Research limitations/implications – More research needs to be done in the same areas to judge about the effect of human assets strategies on KM. In case of the surveyed organization, it seems there is a vital need to review the PDM and KM strategies and develop some procedures to improve and keep the business up. Practical implications – Although the proposed model has proved no causal relation between PDM components and KM, except in the case of “learning needs analysis and induction”, it does not mean that no correction action is needed in other dimensions. In other words, it is necessary to expand a well‐developed people development management project to meet a successful knowledge management. Originality/value – Our conceptual model of research has two dimensions. In one side we chose Newman's model of knowledge management, On the other side we consider a comprehensive pattern of people development management, named People Developer Standard. Through this model an appropriate framework to manage and develop the human assets and a series of developer activities will be formed to achieve people excellence.
External Search Effort for Wine
Authors: Chaney Isabella
Published: January 2010

Over the last two decades the United Kingdom has become a nation of wine‐drinkers. However, due to climatic conditions, very little is actually produced in the UK, Almost all the £6 billion market is made up of imported wine from all corners of the world. The traditional suppliers from France, Germany and Italy have, over recent times, been confronted with the wines from the New World. Supermarkets have led the way in stocking wines from both the traditional and New World countries. Furthermore, their attention to merchandising has been the catalyst for the surge in wine experimentation.
Research Note
Authors: Garrett Peter
Published: January 2010

The ‘Raison d'etre’ for this article is the fact that the area is waking up, in no small way, to its wine, agricultural and tourist potential. It has produced some identifiable top grade wine for many years, on a ‘Take it or leave it’ basis. It is now interested in customers, but is not yet receiving too many visitors. This part of northwest Italy has always been poor, and has constantly been overrun by raiders since the beginning of apparently recorded history. The area, with which we are dealing, east of the French and south of the Swiss Alps contains beautiful countryside comprising five comparatively large villages and many smaller ones. It is some fifteen miles square, being simply full of hills, in many cases, not more than two miles apart. Each has a castle‐cum‐monastery on its top, evidencing the small self‐defending communities in which these people lived. The elite, which commanded them, could alone afford to drink the wine they produced.
Globalization in the Wine Industry: Implications for Export Service Providers
Authors: Castaldi Richard M. , Silverman Murray , Sengupta Sanjit
Published: January 2010

In the Spring of 2000, questionnaires regarding the export assistance needs of all 1012 wineries in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho were mailed. These surveys, one for current exporters and one for non‐exporters, were based upon over 25 in‐depth interviews with wine industry executives as well as public, industry and private sector export service providers. Each questionnaire included a section specifically designed to identify and prioritize the assistance needs of exporting and non‐exporting wineries. The 24% return rate enhances the validity of the survey results. The purpose of this research effort is to provide export service intermediaries with an empirical model of the exporting needs of wineries so they can improve the effectiveness of their export assistance programs to enhance the global competitiveness of US wineries. Results suggest that managers in exporting wineries see great value in “advanced” export assistance needs. Managers of non‐exporting wineries place the highest value on more “fundamental” export assistance. Non‐exporters and new exporters place higher value on assistance in finding distributors than experienced exporters. Lastly, venues in which there is an opportunity to network with experienced exporters is seen as a valuable assistance tool by both exporting and non‐exporting wineries.
Effects of the Dietary Guidelines Label Statement on Wine Purchase Intentions in Young Adults
Authors: Nowak Linda , McGongh Philip , Atkin Thomas
Published: January 2010

This study empirically examines the impact that statements on wine labels directing consumers “to learn the health effects of wine consumption, send for the Federal Government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans” may potentially have on attitudes and wine consumption intentions in college students both over and under the legal drinking age. The results of the study suggest that directional statements on wine labels will not have a significant impact on attitudes toward alcohol, the wine brand, disease risk, label believability, or purchase intention. The results, however, do show that college students both over and under the legal drinking age perceived the winery with the directional statement on the label as more “socially concerned” than the winery that did not use the statement.
Own‐Label in the UK Grocery Market
Authors: Chaney Isabella M.
Published: January 2010

Over the last decade there has been an increase in the development of products sold as own label brands. The major UK grocery multiples have successfully employed this strategy, gaining more than half the grocery market with their own branded products. Supermarkets have strengthened their own‐brands by changing their no‐frills, low‐cost strategy to one of quality at a competitive price. This trend has made a major impact not merely on the fmcg sector, but also on the alcoholic market including wine. Consumer research by the supermarkets has addressed both the contents of the bottle as well as the packaging. Labels on own‐label wines have had much attention paid to them on the quest to reflect a more upmarket image. The acceptance of the own‐label brand by consumers is a serious threat to established brands as own‐label brands are likely to grow at the expense of manufacturer brands.
Wine Business Management Practices to Promote Productivity and Profitability
Authors: Thach Elizabeth C. , Thoraya Halhoul Ms , Robertson Jay
Published: January 2010

What types of wine business practices have the most impact on employee productivity, leading to profitability? This qualitative study attempts to answer this question based on interviews and survey data from 109 winery and vineyard operations across the US. A total of 33 management practices were identified using a qualitative content analysis methodology; including the major categories of management communication, hiring, training, and positive incentive systems. Results suggest areas for future research, as well as simple and cost‐effective management practices which wineries and vineyards can implement now.
The Impact of Wine Tasting on Wine Purchases: Evidence from Napa, California
Authors: Nin Ho Foo , Patrick Gallagher Mark
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this project was to explore and identify factors that influence a consumer to purchase wine during an afternoon of product sampling (wine tasting). A panel of consumers was recruited for an afternoon of wine tasting at vineyards in Napa, California. Several potential hedonistic, utilitarian and logistical factors (i.e. winery facilities, quality of the wine and order in which the winery was visited) were measured using a journal log that was maintained by participants following the tasting experience for a period of one‐month. The conclusions drawn from this study were that group size, confidence in one's ability to purchase wine and overall assessment of a vineyard's wine portfolio were more important than the hedonistic factors in terms of inducing a sale immediately following a taste.
Drinking Sparkling Wine: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Charters Stephen
Published: January 2010

This research investigates wine drinkers' engagement with sparkling wine, including why they drink it, how they evaluate it, and certain country‐based preferences they have for it. It used qualitative processes with both professional and non‐professional informants, and was designed to explore in depth what drinkers feel about the product and their appraisal of its quality. The study confirms some existing assumptions about sparkling wine (for instance, its role as a symbol of celebration and country of origin issues) but also offers new suggestions about its function. Specifically, the study suggests that consumption of sparkling wine has more symbolic than experiential significance — and specifically that the role of memory and recollection may be important for some consumers. It also highlights the problems many drinkers have evaluating sparkling wine due to factors inherent in the style of wine (such as delicacy and mousse), as well as extraneous issues such as a paucity of benchmarks. The findings are useful to the marketer of sparkling wine as they offer insights into the motivation of those who drink it.
Website Use in the Hawke's Bay Wine Region of New Zealand
Authors: Stevens Natalie , Burns Edgar
Published: January 2010

The Internet has been heralded as having the potential to completely revolutionise the way organisations conduct their business and cited as the most rapidly adopted medium of our time. This study investigates Internet usage in the context of Hawke's Bay wineries within New Zealand. Although web potential has been well documented, the reality lags somewhat behind. A survey of thirty‐six Hawke's Bay winery websites was conducted applying a content analysis method previously used within the international wine sector. The results show positive adoption of current web technology. However, the analysis shows potential still remains for better utilisation by wineries of the web. There appears to be significant room to add value to websites and emphasise a range of brand and relationship building activities. Such a policy could confer competitive advantage and add another option for global exposure for wineries committed to incorporating a fully functioning web dimension into their long‐term marketing strategy. International markets will increase in importance as New Zealand wine production continues to rise steeply.
Initiation of Trust and Management of Risk in On‐Line Retailing: UK On‐Line Wine Market
Authors: Harridge‐March Sally , Quinton Sarah
Published: January 2010

Managing potential customers' perception of risk is essential to successful Internet wine retailing. If on‐line providers can minimise risk thus instilling a level of trust, then the initiation of an on‐line purchasing relationship can commence. This paper reviews the literature surrounding trust and risk and describes early findings of the elements of trust based on recent primary research. In addition, the paper develops an illustrative framework showing the links between the elements of trust and the parameters of risk for on‐line wine purchasing. Finally, the paper offers recommendations to on‐line wine providers to encourage trust, and these are outlined under the three discrete functions of an on‐line provider: site design, marketing and the e‐tailing function, on‐line wine purchasing. Finally, the paper offers recommendations to on‐line wine providers to encourage trust, and these are outlined under the three discrete functions of an on‐line provider: site design, marketing and the e‐tailing function.
Brand Damage Valuation: Theory and Practice
Authors: Eyler Robert
Published: January 2010

When wines are “corked”, as determined by distributors, retailers, or consumers, a winery's brand image is damaged and return on winery marketing is lost. A tainted product can easily disrupt or destroy the competitive advantage gained by a winery over years of differentiation techniques through marketing and image. This problem exists for wineries worldwide. Large lawsuits have recently occurred due to problems with wineries using defective intermediate products, especially corks. While there is some debate as to corked wine's cause, this study focuses assessing monetary damages in such a case and the breadth of financial effects on a winery. Tainted products easily disrupt or destroy competitive advantage gained by wineries over years of differentiation techniques through marketing. Augmentation of explicit and implicit costs, and reduced revenues, contribute to financial damages. This study provides insight on what damages to include in these calculations and how forensie economics views the discount rates to use and the dates defining business disruption.
Champagne Campaign
Authors: Wilson Ian
Published: January 2010

From the early 1900's the French champagne industry has been ruthless in its political and legal battles to protect the name of champagne whether from usurpation by foreign wine producers or from makers of non‐wine products (www.champagnemagic.com). In 2003 a new weapon was added to the armoury. A consumer advertising campaign incorporating five book mark — sized teasers have posed such questions as “Washington apples from Nevada?” and “Alaska salmon from Florida?” The questions are answered in full page adverts which explain why champagne can only come from Champagne (www.champagne.fr).
Consumer Complaints Against Alcohol Advertisements: An Evaluation
Authors: van Zanten Rob
Published: January 2010

This article investigates the complaints leveled at alcohol advertisements to determine the kinds of ads that attract complaints and to what extent Ready‐to‐Drink (RTD) advertising accounts for these. The research will have relevance to all countries where RTDs have developed market share. The results show that ads for beer, spirits and especially RTDs (when Share‐of‐Complaint versus Share‐of‐Market is considered) attract the greatest number of complaints. Wine ads played a negligible role. Over.96% of alcohol ads attracting complaints used either a humorous or a sexual advertising appeal, the results emphasizing the risky nature of the humorous appeal. Rational, emotional, fear, and scarcity appeals made no impact on the findings.
Evaluation of the Quality of the Great Bordeaux Wines: Are There Significant Differences Between Critics?
Authors: Barbe Philippe , Durrieu François
Published: January 2010

As far as lasting of the great Bordeaux wines is concerned, each critic needs to identify his specificity if he is to maintain or increase market share. History shows, however, that each new critic has had to position himself in relation to the market leader, namely the American wine critic Robert Parker. The question of whether or not the differences in evaluation are real or simply part of the critics’ grading strategy can thus be raised. To illustrate this we shall examine the results of Dubourdieu and Parker's evaluation.
Strategy in the Making: A Case Study (Part 2)
Authors: Espey James
Published: January 2010

The second part of a case study of the marketing strategy of International Distillers & Vintners (UK) Limited, the first part of which was published in Vol. 3 No. 1 of this journal. A wide‐ranging and detailed description is given of the company's success factors, strategic direction, brand strategies, new brand developments, acquisitions and disposals. An assessment of the lessons and achievements of the company's strategy and an action checklist for strategic planning is provided. The conclusion is that one of the smallest top management teams in the business has quadrupled the company's profits within seven years by creating a strategic blueprint for the rest of the industry to follow, with its emphasis on concentrating management time and attention on premium brands.
An Exploration of Contemporary Marketing Practices in the New Zealand Wine Sector: Evidence from Three Cases
Authors: Lindgreen Adam
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not transaction marketing is being employed together with various types of relationship marketing. A classification scheme of contemporary marketing practices (Coviello, Brodie and Munro, 1997) is reviewed, and the need to enrich earlier research findings is discussed. A case study methodology for conducting research into the New Zealand wine sector is then considered. The preliminary findings suggest that vineyards increasingly employ a pluralistic approach to marketing combining transaction marketing with relational types of marketing, and that the softer sides of marketing are becoming important, such as social bonding, networks and interactions. The findings also give insights into whether or not vineyards are driven by their product or market.
Managing process improvement
Authors: Davies Paul
Published: January 2010

Back in February I discussed the different dimensions of TQM and the way in which they influence a company's approach to total quality. In particular, I spoke about time and the way that a company's approach to TQM would take on new forms as its quality maturity increased.
Effects of alternative food on cannibalism and herbivore suppression by carabid larvae
Authors: FRANK STEVEN D. , SHREWSBURY PAULA M. , DENNO ROBERT F.
Published: January 2010

1. Predator and alternative food density are important factors influencing herbivore suppression by generalist predators. Herbivore suppression can be reduced if predators forage preferentially on alternative foods. Cannibalism can increase at high predator densities, further reducing herbivore suppression. However, complex interactions are possible, as alternative food can increase predator abundance and survival restoring top‐down effects on herbivores.

2. In two species of carabid larvae (Poecilus chalcites and Anisodactylus ovularis), we studied how alternative foods (fly pupae and grass seeds) and predator density affect predation of black cutworm larvae and how alternative foods affect cannibalism among carabid larvae.

3. Adding alternative food to microcosms generally reduced total predation of cutworms. However, the strength of this effect was dependent on carabid species, larval density, and food type.

4. Increasing larval density from one to three per microcosm reduced per‐capita predation by both species irrespective of alternative food treatment.

5. Alternative food reduced cannibalism in both carabid species and increased survival of carabid larvae in field plots, such that twice as many were captured in plots subsidised with pupae than plots with no alternative food.

6. These results provide new insight into the complex interactions that influence predator survival and herbivore suppression in resource diverse habitats by demonstrating the primacy of intraguild interactions among carabid larvae.
Mutual mate choice by mountain pine beetles: size‐dependence but not size‐assortative mating
Authors: REID MARY L. , BARUCH ORIT
Published: January 2010

1. Mutual mate choice may be rare, occurring when both sexes invest heavily in reproduction, mating opportunities are abundant, and individuals differ in quality.

2. Mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) appear to meet the conditions for mutual mate choice. We introduced males to females in breeding sites and observed the occurrence and speed of a male entering a female's gallery. We tested for consequences of mutual mate choice, namely condition‐dependent choosiness and assortative mating.

3. Males were more likely to enter a female's gallery when the gallery was in a smaller tree with less resin production and when the gallery was larger. Female body size and condition did not influence the probability of entry. Larger males were less likely to enter a gallery than were smaller males, probably because of size‐dependent choosiness rather than physical limitations.

4. Small males took longer to enter galleries of large females than of small females, whereas large males entered as quickly into galleries of large females as small females. This suggests size‐dependent choosiness by females.

5. No assortative mating by body size was detected, probably because males appeared to choose on the basis of female‐associated resources rather than on female traits.
Intra‐specific host preference for Littoraria filosa by the dipteran parasitoid Sarcophaga megafilosia: the consequences of attacking individuals outside the preferred size range
Authors: MCKILLUP STEPHEN C. , MCKILLUP RUTH V.
Published: January 2010

1. The marine snail, Littoraria filosa, lives on the leaves and trunks of mangroves. Populations of L. filosa are annual when its dipteran parasitoid Sarcophaga megafilosia is present, but perennial in its absence.

2. The size distribution of naturally occurring parasitised L. filosa suggests S. megafilosia has a distinct preference for snails with shells ≥ 10 mm long but, paradoxically, most individuals ≥ 18 mm long disappear from annual populations in late spring/early summer without appearing in the parasitised cohort.

3. When S. megafilosia was offered an unrestricted size range of L. filosa, only individuals >10 mm long were attacked and those from 19 to 20 mm long were preferred.

4. In no‐choice experiments, L. filosa <10 mm long were parasitised but pupation did not occur. For L. filosa >23 mm long, most attacked snails succeeded in ejecting the parasitoid larva but often lost their grip on the wall or ceiling of the cage and fell. Littoraria filosa is unlikely to survive such dislodgement from mangrove trees.

5. These results can explain the different size distributions of live and parasitised snails in the field, including the disappearance of large snails that do not subsequently appear in the parasitised cohort. However, this does not explain the preference by S. megafilosia for L. filosa around 19–20 mm for which more than 50% of attacks failed. This preference may be also determined by increased parasitoid fecundity and longevity as snail size increases.

6. If small differences in host size affect parasitoid fitness, it may help explain why attempts at biological control using known parasitoids of an exotic species are often ineffective or unsuccessful.
Host genotype affects the relative success of competing lines of aphid parasitoids under superparasitism
Authors: VORBURGER CHRISTOPH , EUGSTER BETTINA , VILLIGER JÖRG , WIMMER CORINNE
Published: January 2010

1. In solitary parasitoids, only one individual can complete development in a given host. Therefore, solitary parasitoids tend to prefer unparasitised hosts for oviposition, yet under high parasitoid densities, superparasitism is frequent and results in fierce competition for the host's limited resources. This may lead to selection for the best intra‐host competitors.

2. Increased intra‐host competitive ability may evolve under a high risk of superparasitism if this trait exhibits genetic variation, and if competitive differences among parasitoid genotypes are consistent across environments, e.g. different host genotypes.

3. These assumptions were addressed in the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and its main host, the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three parthenogenetic lines of L. fabarum were allowed to parasitise three aphid clones singly and in all pairwise combinations (superparasitism). The winning parasitoid in superparasitised aphids was determined by microsatellite analysis.

4. The proportions of singly parasitised aphids that were mummified were similar for the three parasitoid lines and did not differ significantly among host clones.

5. Under superparasitism, significant biases in favour of one parasitoid line were observed for some combinations, indicating that there is genetic variation for intra‐host competitive ability. However, the outcome of superparasitism was inconsistent across aphid clones and thus influenced significantly by the host clone in which parasitoids competed.

6. Overall, this study shows that the fitness of aphid parasitoids under superparasitism is determined by complex interactions with competitors as well as hosts, possibly hampering the evolution of improved intra‐host competitive ability.