bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les politiques d’objectifs des banques centrales en perspective
Authors: Jaillet Pierre , Mojon Benoît
Published: February 2019

À l’origine principalement dédiées à des missions de stabilité financière, les banques centrales n’ont développé leur rôle de pilotage macroéconomique qu’après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’effondrement en 1973 du système de Bretton Wood les a conduites à substituer à la perte d’ancrage monétaire externe des objectifs internes d’abord ciblés sur des agrégats monétaires. À partir des années 1980, par une dynamique d’expérimentation/imitation, le ciblage de l’inflation s’est généralisé dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE et de nombreux pays émergents. La crise de 2008 a suscité un large débat sur la validité de cette stratégie dans un environnement de faible inflation. L’article présente des simulations contrefactuelles d’options alternatives portant sur le PIB nominal et sur le niveau des prix. Si ces options présentent des avantages, par exemple en termes de réactivité de la politique monétaire en phase de turbulence, elles ne permettent pas d’invalider les politiques de ciblage flexible de l’inflation en vigueur dans les grandes zones monétaires. La crise a aussi remis les missions de stabilité financière au cœur des préoccupations des banques centrales, suscitant trois interrogations liées à leur périmètre de compétence à la compatibilité avec leur statut d’indépendance et aux interactions entre leurs fonctions monétaires et prudentielles.
Peut-on encore modéliser la politique monétaire dans un cadre DSGE ?
Authors: Matheron Julien
Published: February 2019

Cet article étudie l’incorporation des mesures non conventionnelles de politique monétaire dans les modèles d’équilibre général stochastiques et dynamiques. La thèse principale de cet article est qu’il n’y a aucune dimension de la politique monétaire, conventionnelle ou pas, qu’il soit impossible de modéliser dans ce type de cadre.
Hétérogénéité des agents, interconnexions financières et politique monétaire : une approche non conventionnelle
Authors: Gaffard Jean-Luc , Napoletano Mauro
Published: February 2019

Nous réexaminons les fondements des modèles théoriques qui sous-tendent le consensus de politique monétaire prévalant avant la Grande récession. Nous soulignons en quoi l’échec de ces modèles à prévenir la crise et à fournir un guide d’action pendant la récession était dû à l’excès de confiance dans la capacité d’autorégulation des marchés et à la négligence du rôle joué par la finance dont ils témoignaient. Nous présentons, ensuite, les bases d’une approche alternative de la politique monétaire qui met l’accent sur les processus de marché, la coordination entre agents hétérogènes et les externalités transmises via les interconnexions financières. De nouvelles classes de modèles, d’une part les modèles à agents multiples et, d’autre part, les modèles de réseaux financiers, s’inscrivent dans cette approche. Nous discutons, enfin, des nouveaux éclairages fournis par ces modèles s’agissant de la conduite de la politique monétaire et de ses interactions avec les politiques budgétaire et macro-prudentielle.
Determining the antecedents and consequences of the airline brand personality
Authors: Lu Jin-Long , Siao Pei-Ya
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This study investigates air passengers’ perceptions of the brand personalities of airlines and explores the relationships between the brand personality and its antecedent factor, the country-of-origin of the airlines, and the consequent factor which is the purchase intentions to the corresponding airlines.Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a questionnaire survey containing air passengers’ trip characteristics and demographics and three main scales: country-of-origin, brand personality, and purchase intentions to collect the data of 490 respondents flying from Kaohsiung to Macao. The passengers are from three types of airlines: an international airline with a global network, a regional airline, and a low-cost carrier. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the differences in the perceptions of brand personalities of airlines and several models were developed to determine the antecedent and the consequent factors of airline brand personality.Findings: The air passengers’ perceptions regarding the brand personalities of different types of airlines were significantly different. The country-of-origin of airlines was proved as a significant factor for the brand personality. The brand personality also significantly influenced passengers’ loyalty to the corresponding airlines. Moreover, some demographic and trip characteristics such as personal monthly income, memberships in the airline’s frequent flyer program, and experiences with the airlines were also determined as the significant variables to impact passengers’ loyalties.Originality/value: The concept of brand personality has been explored by various researches but few related to airline management and identified as a key element to brand marketing. Particularly, low-cost carriers always implement different marketing strategies to create a distinctive position in their target customers’ mind and legacy airlines are also doing different things to retain their customers. Therefore, investigating passengers’ perceptions of airlines from the perspective of brand personality is also an important issue for airline management. Not only does this study prove the differences in passengers’ cognitions of brand personalities of a global network airline, a regional network airline, and a low-cost airline but conclude the determinants and influences of the brand personality.
Visual Function With Bilateral Implantation of Monofocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Palmer Ana Martínez , Faiña Pablo Gómez , Albelda Antoni España , Serrano Mercé Comas , Saad Daniel Nahra , Céspedes Miguel Castilla
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate visual function of three types of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and one monofocal IOL (as the control group) after cataract surgery.

Methods:

One hundred fourteen patients participated in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study and received monofocal Tecnis Z9000 (AMO) (n=24, 48 eyes); symmetric diffractive multifocal Tecnis ZM900 (AMO) (n=26, 52 eyes); zonal refractive multifocal ReZoom (AMO) (n=32, 64 eyes); and asymmetric diffractive multifocal TwinSet (Acri.Tec) (n=32, 64 eyes) IOLs.

Results:

Mean binocular distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (logMAR) was 0.05 for controls, 0.08 for ZM900, 0.07 for ReZoom, and 0.11 for TwinSet, with mean binocular distance BSCVA at near of 0.49, 0.06, 0.22, and 0.11, respectively. Mean contrast sensitivity was better for the monofocal IOL group than for the multifocal IOLs. Patients assigned to TwinSet had less favorable contrast sensitivity scores. Patients with monofocal IOLs had more frequently recommended near addition (74%) than those with multifocal IOLs. Patients with refractive ReZoom had also recommended near addition more frequently than the two diffractive groups. The percentage of dysphotopsia phenomena was 81% in patients with diffractive multifocal ZM900 compared with 48% in patients with mono-focal IOLs, 53% with refractive ReZoom, and 47% with diffractive TwinSet.

Conclusions:

The monofocal IOL showed better visual function and lesser photic phenomena than multifocal IOLs but patients were spectacle dependent. ReZoom provided better distance BSCVA than the TwinSet diffractive model. Patients with Tecnis and TwinSet diffractive multifocal IOLs were more spectacle independent than patients with ReZoom. Patients with TwinSet had the worst visual function. Patients implanted with the Tecnis diffractive ZM900 were those reporting more photic phenomena. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:257–264.]
Visual Results Following Implantation of a Refractive Multifocal IOL in One Eye and a Diffractive Multifocal IOL in the Contralateral Eye
Authors: Goes Frank Joseph
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To assess binocular visual results in patients who were scheduled to undergo cataract/refractive lens exchange with multifocal IOL implantation using a “mix & match” approach.

Methods:

This prospective study enrolled 40 eyes of 20 patients aged between 44 and 78 years (median age = 58.1 years) implanted with a refractive multifocal IOL (ReZoom) in their dominant eye and a diffractive multifocal IOL (Tecnis) in their non-dominant eye. Near, intermediate, and distance vision were assessed at 2 months following implantation. Patients underwent refractive lens exchange or cataract surgery in the dominant eye first, followed by the non-dominant eye 1 to 2 weeks later. Emmetropia was the goal for all surgeries.

Results:

Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was +2.019±1.417 diopters (D) (median: +2.063 D). The mean binocular distance decimal visual acuity was 1.06±0.60 D, the mean binocular intermediate decimal visual acuity was 0.50±0.90 D, and the mean binocular near decimal visual acuity was 1.10±0.40 D.

Conclusions:

Preliminary visual outcomes in this series of patients indicate good results at all distances. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:300–305.]
LASIK-associated Dry Eye and Neurotrophic Epitheliopathy: Pathophysiology and Strategies for Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Ambrósio Renato , Tervo Timo , Wilson Steven E.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To review the pathophysiology of LASIK-associated dry eye conditions and provide insights into prophylaxis to decrease the incidence of dry eye after LASIK and to treat the condition when it occurs.

Methods:

A review of the literature was performed on LASIK-associated dry eye and the experience of the authors was summarized.

Results:

LASIK has a neurotrophic effect on the cornea, along with other changes in corneal shape, that affect tear dynamics causing ocular surface desiccation. Dry eye is one of the most common complications of LASIK surgery. Symptoms of dryness may occur in more than 50% of patients, with other complications such as fluctuating vision, decreased best spectacle-corrected visiual acuity, and severe discomfort occurring in approximately 10% of patients. Preoperative dry eye condition is a major risk factor for more severe dry eye after surgery and should be identified prior to surgery. Optimization with artificial tears, nutrition supplementation, punctal occlusion, and topical cyclosporine A in patients with symptoms or signs of dry eye prior to LASIK decreases the incidence of more bothersome symptoms following surgery. Patients with LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy often respond to topical cyclosporine A treatment, which treats the underlying inflammation and may benefit nerve regeneration.

Conclusions:

LASIK-induced dry eye and neurotrophic epitheliopathy are common complications of LASIK surgery. Optimization of the ocular surface prior to surgery decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative symptoms of the condition. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:396–407.]
Late-onset Infections After LASIK
Authors: Vieira Ana Carolina , Pereira Telma , de Freitas Denise
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To report two cases of infectious keratitis that developed 2 and 6 years after LASIK.

Methods:

Case 1 was a 56-year-old woman who presented with redness and decreased vision in the right eye 6 years after LASIK. Slit-lamp examination revealed inflammation of the flap interface, a partially detached flap, anterior chamber reaction, and hypopyon. Corneal scrapings were taken. Case 2 was a 23-yearold woman who presented with pain and a corneal infiltrate in the left eye 36 hours after eye trauma. She had undergone bilateral LASIK 2 years prior. The condition worsened despite treatment, and a flap amputation was performed.

Results:

Cultures revealed
Pseudomonas mesophilic
and
Fusarium solani
, respectively. Keratitis in case 1 resolved after 21 days of fortified antibiotic therapy. Visual acuity of 20/40 was achieved after antibiotic treatment in case 2.

Conclusions:

These case reports demonstrate the risk of microbial keratitis occurring years after LASIK and emphasize the need for lifelong postoperative vigilance by patient and physician. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:411–413.]
Diagnosis of Steroid-induced Glaucoma After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Yamaguchi Takefumi , Murat Dogru , Kimura Itaru , Negishi Kazuno , Yuki Kenya , Tsubota Kazuo , Ohtake Yuichiro
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To report steroid-induced glaucoma after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:

A 50-year-old Japanese woman was referred for end-stage glaucoma 9 months after PRK. Topical fluorometholone 0.1% was administered for corneal subepithelial haze in both eyes for 9 months after PRK. Pneumatic non-contact tonometry values of intraocular pressure (IOP) remained normal (range: 11 to 17 mmHg), until she was diagnosed with end-stage steroid-induced glaucoma with extensive restriction in visual fields. At the patient's initial examination in our hospital, IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry was 34 mmHg in the right eye and 32 mmHg in the left eye, but the estimated IOP as corrected by central corneal thickness measurement was >40 mmHg in both eyes.

Results:

The patient underwent uneventful bilateral trabeculectomies, resulting in reduction of IOP to <10 mmHg in both eyes.

Conclusions:

The underestimation of IOP after PRK led to advanced visual field loss. Careful evaluation of IOP, optic disc, and visual field tests are indispensable to avoid such a devastating outcome after PRK. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:413–415.]
Four-year Postoperative Results of the US ALLEGRETTO WAVE Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Hyperopia
Authors: Kezirian Guy M. , Moore Charles R. , Stonecipher Karl G. ,   SurgiVision® Consultants Inc WaveLight Investigator Group
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the long-term refractive stability after LASIK for hyperopia with the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser System.

Methods

All 151 patients enrolled in the 2000–2002 FDA study of the ALLEGRETTO WAVE laser were contacted by the investigators approximately 4 years after study completion to be evaluated for refractive stability.

Results

A total of 127/290 (43.8%) eyes in 68/151 (45%) patients presented for re-examination. Mean time from the examination taken at the 6-month followup stability endpoint in the FDA trial (Stability Exam) to the Post-Approval Exam was 3.9±0.39 years (range: 3.2 to 4.9 years). Stability of the manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) within ±1.00 D or less was seen in 119/127 (93.7%) eyes. Regression of effect of >1.00 D was seen in 6/127 (4.7%) eyes and progression of effect was seen in 2/127 (1.6%) eyes. Weak correlation of refractive changes with keratometry readings were seen in eyes that underwent >2.00 to 4.00 D treatment (R=0.31) and >4.00 D treatment (R=0.33), implying corneal remodeling may have played a role in the refractive change observed.

Conclusions

Refractive stability within ±1.00 D MRSE after hyperopic LASIK with the ALLEGRETTO WAVE excimer laser was seen in 93.7% of eyes at ⩾3 years after surgery compared with 6-month follow-up, supporting the conclusion in the FDA trial that refractive stability occurred by 6 months postoperatively. Refractive changes associated with keratometry changes were not significant in eyes that underwent ⩽2.00-D treatment. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S431–S438.]
Method for Optimizing Topography-guided Ablation of Highly Aberrated Eyes With the ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser
Authors: Lin David T.C. , Holland Simon P. , Rocha Karolinne Maia , Krueger Ronald R.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of custom topographic neutralizing technique in treating highly aberrated eyes using the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser.

Methods

A retrospective consecutive case series of 67 eyes with decentered ablations and 48 eyes with symptomatic small optical zones after previous LASIK underwent topography-guided retreatment with the ALLEGRETTO WAVE. Sixteen keratoconus eyes underwent topographic neutralizing technique photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The study assessed preoperative and 6-month and 1-year postoperative results regarding best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), topography, and predictability.

Results

Sixty-seven eyes with previously decentered optical zones had an improvement of centration from 0.92 mm preoperatively to 0.30 mm postoperatively relative to pupil center (
P
<.01). Twenty-nine percent of these eyes gained 1 or more lines of BSCVA, whereas 71% had no change in BSCVA. Forty-eight eyes with previously small optical zones had an increase of the central monodioptric optical zone from 3.9 mm to 5.6 mm (
P
<.01). Nineteen percent of eyes had an improvement of at least 1 line, whereas 75% had no change in BSCVA and 6% lost 1 line. Sixteen keratoconus eyes had custom topographic neutralizing technique PRK as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty. All eyes had improvement of astigmatism up to 5.00 diopters (D), with a mean change of 1.68±1.62 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged in 8 (50%) eyes, with 4 (25%) eyes gaining 1 line, 2 (12%) eyes gaining 2 lines, and 2 (12%) eyes losing 1 line of BSCVA at 6 months.

Conclusions

Management of some highly aberrated eyes is now possible with topography-guided ablation using the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO platform and custom topographic neutralizing technique. Safety was acceptable for small optical zone and decentered ablation retreatments. The topography-guided ablation could be an alternative treatment for keratoconus patients if keratoplasty is otherwise indicated. The algorithms for custom topographic neutralizing technique need further refinement. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S439–S445.]
Optical Ray Tracing for the Calculation of Optimized Corneal Ablation Profiles in Refractive Treatment Planning
Authors: Mrochen Michael , Bueeler Michael , Donitzky Christof , Seiler Theo
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Optical calculations have shown that wavefront-based ablation profiles as well as intraocular lens (IOL) implantations can cause residual aberrations or even induce significant additional aberrations due to the poor registry between the eye's optical components. These effects can be exacerbated in eyes that require higher corrections. Individualized eye models can provide accurate ablation profiles for these cases. The aim of this report is to analyze the relevance of individualized eye models for refractive treatment planning from a theoretical point of view.

Methods

A method for the customization of eye models based on various types of measurement data of a specific patient is presented and the calculation of optimal ablation profiles and IOL shapes by means of ray tracing through customized model eyes are discussed. Topography data with an original centration on the corneal apex were aligned on the pupil center for the creation of eye models.

Results

An ideal ablation profile or a customized IOL can be calculated based on the obtained individualized eye models. Calculations have shown that in theory ray-tracing optimized ablation profiles do not leave any residual aberrations in the eye whereas wavefront-guided corrections were found to have the potential to increase specific types of aberrations by a factor of two. This is due to the negligence of the multi-lens structure of the eye.

Conclusions

Optical ray tracing algorithms allow the highest degree of customization. The systematic induction of higher order aberrations by means of wavefront-guided treatments or standard IOLs has to be overcome by such a method. However, these theoretical observations must be compared to the corresponding measurement accuracies and precisions and they must be supported by future clinical trials. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24: S446–S451.]
The Impact of Job Demands and Job Resources on Work Family Con-flict: Mediating effect of Emotional Exhaustion and Moderating effect of Job Demands and Job Resources A Conceptual Framework for Research
Authors: Jayarathna S.M.D. Yasodara
Published: February 2019

Busy schedules in this contemporary world widen the boundaries between family life and work life, which created Work Family Conflict and has become a prevalent issue among individuals. Even though there are considerable amount of studies conducted on this area, there remain few empirical and theoretical findings on extending the Job Demands- Resource theory in to work family domain. Further, this concept paper propose the mediation effect of emotional exhaustion on the relation between job demands and job resources on work family conflict and propose the moderation effect of job demands and job resources. A conceptual model is proposed at the end of the paper that enables the future researchers to test empirically in different environments.
Pedagogy of Productive Failure: Navigating the Challenges of Integrating VR into the Classroom
Authors: Melo Marijel , Bentley Elizabeth , McAllister Ken S. , Cortez José
Published: February 2019

The surge of popular interest in virtual reality (VR), largely driven by recent advances making the hardware and software for VR development and use accessible to average consumers, is showing all the signs of a durable trend. One of those signs is active uptake in the academy, both for research (where it was pioneered) and in the classroom (where its footing is less certain). To be sure, VR offers exciting and relatively underdeveloped pedagogical terrain for teachers looking to enhance their curricula by deploying technologies that might optimize the learning process. This article offers a critical reflection on one such effort, specifically, our academic team’s grant-funded digital humanities research project called Focused Associational Thinking-Virtual Reality (FAT-VR). The main premise of the project was to create a virtual reality environment where students could cultivate creative fluency in divergent thinking. Such competencies are thought to afford students with a means of “thinking things together” in the service of transdisciplinary inquiry and problem solving. This essay recounts how, as we attempted to “move forward” by harnessing VR, we often found ourselves going “backward” and “in circles” due to technological glitches and challenging student feedback. Putting our digital pedagogy project in conversation with phenomenological philosophy and critical theory, we offer a provocation on how forward motion can sometimes set us back pedagogically, and how disorienting experiences—even failure—can become productive.
Alternative Embodied Cognitions at Play Evaluation of Audio-Based Navigation in Virtual Settings Via Interactive Sounds
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico , Clements Robert
Published: February 2019

The current study addresses the concept of mediated embodied cognition (EC) by focusing on audio inputs/outputs rather than sight and visual cues. N=10 subjects were involved with the navigation of five virtual mazes with different design and sensorial affordances. A virtual audiocane was developed (within a middleware - NEED - aimed to improve learning environments’ accessibility) for supporting spatial exploration and scanning. Data collected span spatial thinking, previous knowledge of digital settings, completion time, ability to visualize virtual spaces, and usability and perception of the different design/sensorial situations provided. Results points to effective design choices and factors to consider when staging mediate EC instances. With these findings, the article addresses three current gaps in EC related literature: 1) lack of attention to special needs and diverse embodiments, 2) insufficient focus on audio inputs/outputs as interactive affordances; and 3) poor efforts in evaluating design and assistive elements in EC integrations.
Free tropospheric aerosols at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory: more oxidized and higher sulfate content compared to boundary layer aerosols
Authors: Zhou Shan , Collier Sonya , Jaffe Daniel A. , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Understanding the properties and life cycle processes of aerosol particles in
regional air masses is crucial for constraining the climate impacts of
aerosols on a global scale. In this study, characteristics of aerosols in the
boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) of a remote continental region
in the western US were studied using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol
mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) deployed at the Mount Bachelor Observatory (MBO;
2763 m a.s.l.) in central Oregon in summer 2013. In the absence of wildfire
influence, the average (±1σ) concentration of non-refractory
submicrometer particulate matter (NR-PM1) at MBO was 2.8 (±2.8)
µg m−3 and 84 % of the mass was organic. The other
NR-PM1 components were sulfate (11 %), ammonium (2.8 %),
and nitrate (0.9 %). The organic aerosol (OA) at MBO from these clean
periods showed clear diurnal variations driven by the boundary layer dynamics
with significantly higher concentrations occurring during daytime, upslope
conditions. NR-PM1 contained a higher mass fraction of sulfate and
was frequently acidic when MBO resided in the FT. In addition, OA in the FT
was found to be highly oxidized (average O∕C of 1.17) with low
volatility while OA in BL-influenced air masses was moderately oxidized
(average O∕C of 0.67) and semivolatile. There are indications that
the BL-influenced OA observed at MBO was more enriched in organonitrates and
organosulfur compounds (e.g., MSA) and appeared to be representative of
biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) originated in the BL. A summary of
the chemical compositions of NR-PM1 measured at a number of other
high-altitude locations in the world is presented and similar contrasts
between FT and BL aerosols were observed. The significant compositional and
physical differences observed between FT and BL aerosols may have important
implications for understanding the climate effects of regional background
aerosols.
Identification of key parameters controlling demographicallystructured vegetation dynamics in a Land Surface Model [CLM4.5(ED)]
Authors: Massoud Elias C. , Xu Chonggang , Fisher Rosie , Knox Ryan , Walker Anthony , Serbin Shawn , Christoffersen Bradley , Holm Jennifer , Kueppers Lara , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Wei Liang , Johnson Daniel , Chambers Jeff , Koven Charlie , McDowell Nate , Vrugt Jasper
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Vegetation plays a key role in regulating global carbon cycles and is a key component of the Earth System Models (ESMs) aimed to project Earth's future climates. In the last decade, the vegetation component within ESMs has witnessed great progresses from simple 'big-leaf' approaches to demographically-structured approaches, which has a better representation of plant size, canopy structure, and disturbances. The demographically-structured vegetation models are typically controlled by a large number of parameters, and sensitivity analysis is generally needed to quantify the impact of each parameter on the model outputs for a better understanding of model behaviors. In this study, we use the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) to diagnose the Community Land Model coupled to the Ecosystem Demography Model, or CLM4.5(ED). We investigate the first and second order sensitivities of the model parameters to outputs that represent simulated growth and mortality as well as carbon fluxes and stocks. While the photosynthetic capacity parameter Vc,max25 is found to be important for simulated carbon stocks and fluxes, we also show the importance of carbon storage and allometry parameters, which are shown here to determine vegetation demography and carbon stocks through their impacts on survival and growth strategies. The results of this study highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of the next generation of demographically-enabled vegetation models within ESMs toward improved model parameterization and model structure for better model fidelity.
Precipitation Transition Regions over the Southern Canadian Cordillera during January–April 2010 and under a Pseudo-Global Warming Assumption
Authors: Almonte Juris D. , Stewart Ronald E.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The occurrence of various types of winter precipitation is an important issue over the southern Canadian Cordillera. This issue is examined from January to April of 2010 by exploiting the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model Version 3.4.1 dataset that was used to simulate both a historical reanalysis (CTRL) and a Pseudo-Global Warming (PGW) experiment (Liu et al., 2016). Transition regions, consisting of both liquid and solid precipitation or liquid precipitation below 0 °C, occurred on 93 % and 94 % of the days in the present and PGW future, respectively. This led to accumulated precipitation within the transition region increasing by 27 % and was associated with a rise in its average elevation by 374 m over the Coast and Insular Mountains and by 240 m over the Rocky Mountains and consequently to an eastward shift towards the higher terrain of the Rocky Mountains. Transition regions comprised of only rain and snow were most common under both the CTRL and PGW simulations although all seven transition region categories occurred. Transition region changes would enhance some of the factors leading to avalanches and would also impact ski resort operations.
A conceptual model of organochlorine fate from a combined analysis of spatial and mid- to long-term trends of surface and ground water contamination in tropical areas (FWI)
Authors: Cattan Philippe , Charlier Jean-Baptiste , Clostre Florence , Letourmy Philippe , Arnaud Luc , Gresser Julie , Jannoyer Magalie
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the management of long-term
environmental pollution by organic pollutants such as organochlorine
pesticides. We set out to identify conditions that are conducive to reducing
pollution levels for these persistent molecules and then propose a conceptual
model of organochlorine fate in water. Our approach looked at spatio-temporal
changes in pollutant contents in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) on a
large scale, in order to decipher the respective roles of soil, geology,
hydrology and past treatment practices. The case of chlordecone (CLD) on the
island of Martinique (1100 km2) was selected given the sampling
campaigns carried out since 2007 over more than 150 sites. CLD, its
metabolite chlordecone-5b-hydro (5bCLD) and the metabolite-to-parent-compound
ratio were compared. As regards the spatial variability of water
contamination, our results showed that banana cropping areas explained the
location of contaminated SW and GW, whereas the combination of soil and
geology factors explained the main spatial variability in the 5bCLD∕CLD
ratio. For temporal variability, these conditions defined a high diversity of
situations in terms of the duration of pollution, highlighting two groups:
water draining old geological formations and ferralsols or vertisols vs.
recent geology and andosols. A conceptual leaching model provided some key
information to help interpret downward trends in CLD and 5bCLD observed in
water. Lastly, a conceptual model of organochlorine fate is proposed to
explain the diversity of the 5bCLD∕CLD ratio in water. Our conclusions
highlight the combined role of soil and groundwater residence time for
differentiating between conditions that are more conducive, or not, to the
disappearance of CLD from the environment. This paper presents a model that
provides an overall perception of organochlorine pesticide fate in the
environment.
Long-term groundwater recharge rates across India by in situ measurements
Authors: Bhanja Soumendra N. , Mukherjee Abhijit , Rangarajan R. , Scanlon Bridget R. , Malakar Pragnaditya , Verma Shubha
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Groundwater recharge sustains groundwater discharge, including natural
discharge through springs and the base flow to surface water as well as
anthropogenic discharge through pumping wells. Here, for the first time, we
compute long-term (1996–2015) groundwater recharge rates using data retrieved
from several groundwater-level monitoring locations across India (3.3 million km2
area), the most groundwater-stressed region globally. Spatial
variations in groundwater recharge rates (basin-wide mean: 17 to
960 mm yr−1)
were estimated in the 22 major river basins across India. The extensive
plains of the Indus–Ganges–Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins are subjected to
prevalence of comparatively higher recharge. This is mainly attributed to
occurrence of coarse sediments, higher rainfall, and intensive
irrigation-linked groundwater-abstraction inducing recharge by increasing
available groundwater storage and return flows. Lower recharge rates
(<200 mm yr−1) in most of the central and southern study areas occur
in cratonic, crystalline fractured aquifers. Estimated recharge rates have
been compared favorably with field-scale recharge estimates (n=52) based
on tracer (tritium) injection tests. Results show that precipitation rates do
not significantly influence groundwater recharge in most of the river basins
across India, indicating human influence in prevailing recharge rates. The
spatial variability in recharge rates could provide critical input for policymakers to develop more sustainable groundwater management in India.
Crònica d’un projecte d’educació plurilingüe. Un estudi de cas
Authors: Pallarés Monge Oriol
Published: February 2019

Els programes d’aprenentatge integrat de continguts i llengua (AICLE) estan guanyant terreny i nombrosos estudis els propugnen com els entorns més adequats per a l’aprenentatge de segones llengües a través de les àrees curriculars no etiquetades com a “de llengua”. Aquest article presenta la crònica documentada del desenvolupament d’un programa experimental AICLE que forma part d’un projecte d’investigació longitudinal, l’objectiu del qual és explorar des d’una perspectiva sociocultural el programa AICLE d’un centre de secundària de Barcelona, així com algunes de les opcions metodològiques adoptades pels docents per superar les dificultats que s’afegeixen quan es fa servir una llengua estrangera a l’aula de continguts. L’anàlisi de les dades provinents d’enregistraments de vídeo de l’aula, complementada amb el diari de camp del professor en el rol d’investigador en l’acció, a més d’entrevistes i grups de discussió amb els estudiants, mostra l’ús que aquests fan del complex dispositiu pedagògic que se’ls presenta per mitjà de les tasques i materials dissenyats ad hoc pel professorat que treballa en col·laboració.
Editor's Note
Authors: Dooly Melinda
Published: February 2019

This issue, with special editor Natalia Evnitskaya, is about CLIL (Content Language and Integrated Learning). It is dedicated to Mia Victori Blaya, who passed away on the 29th November 2010 ...
Å forhandle bort Palestina
Authors: Henriksen Waage Hilde , Jensehaugen Jørgen
Published: February 2019

Israels kontroll over brorparten av Palestina skyldes en kombinasjon avmaktbruk og diplomati. Gjennom to perioder (1947–1949 og 1993–1995)har Israel først forhandlet opp sitt eget territorium og deretter forhandletned størrelsen på det gjenstående palestinske territoriet.
Skandinavias første jihadister
Authors: Hegghammer Thomas
Published: February 2019

Nyoppdagede primærkilder viser et skandinavisk innslag blant afghanaraberne i 1980-årene. Jihadismen i nord er antakelig eldre enn tidligere antatt.
Forord
Authors: Maktabi Rania , Skare Erik , Sogge Erling Lorentzen
Published: February 2019

Vi er stolte av å kunne gi deg en spesialutvidet spesialutgave av Babylon som både er dedisert til og bygger tematisk på det akademiske virket til statsviter og professor Nils A. Butenschøn.
“Acumulação primitiva” e avanço do capital na Amazônia: uma perspectiva marxista sobre a devastação ambiental causada pela "Febre do Ouro" às margens da rodovia interoceânica em Madre De Dios
Authors: Prado Filho Carlos Roberto Staine
Published: February 2019

O artigo visa contribuir com uma perspectiva marxista sobre o recente processo de aceleração da devastação ambiental causada pela mineração informal/ilegal de ouro no departamento de Madre de Dios (MdD), na Amazônia do Peru. Esta aceleração está relacionada cronologicamente a dois fatores: I) a construção da rodovia interoceânica, a primeira a cruzar esta área e a partir de onde foram abertas novas áreas de mineração; II) o ciclo de valorização recorde do ouro no período pós-crise de 2008. Com a finalidade de problematizar este processo como a transformação do espaço de floresta amazônica em um novo espaço de acumulação de capital, após uma introdução para melhor contextualizar a “febre do ouro” em MdD, o artigo propõe uma releitura em torno do conceito de “acumulação primitiva”, a partir do pensamento de Marx e outros atores marxistas. Entre estes, destaca-se a perspectiva geográfica de David Harvey em seu conceito “acumulação por espoliação”, sugerido para atualizar o debate em torno dos processos contemporâneos de acumulação de capital. A conclusão do trabalho está em demonstrar a validade de abordagens que identificam o caráter contínuo do processo de “acumulação primitiva” e apontar seu valor dialético para analisar as relações internacionais de contextos como a “febre do ouro” em MdD.
Regionalismo Sudamericano: una mirada complementaria desde Mercosur
Authors: Mondelli Marcelo
Published: February 2019

El texto analiza avances y tensiones de la integración regional continental, con atención en la evolución de la experiencia MERCOSUR.Se identifican las complejidades estructurales, el rol histórico de los agentes encargados en liderar procesos de integración y las tensiones emergentes en cada subregión.Se analiza la incidencia de las asimetrías, la relevancia geográfica y acciones convergentes hacia la “construcción de región”.Entre los principales desafíos identificados para explicar las discontinuidades en la integración regional se destacan tres elementos: asimetrías de poder, los cálculos racionales y divergentes entre los Estados, y finalmente, los desafíos emergentes y logros de instituciones regionales (como es el caso de MERCOSUR).
The Grand Tour and the North-South Axis of the Nineteenth Century Book Trade
Authors: Gabriele Alberto
Published: February 2019

While a rich scholarly production has mapped the tropes of travel literature and the changes in the forms of travel heading toward the ruins of past civilizations in Italy, Greece and the Ottoman Empire, less attention has been given to the coterminous geography of production and distribution of print culture along a North-South axis that accompanied these travelers at a time when the practice of issuing unauthorized cheap reprints in the continent fueled a rhetoric of stigmatization of foreign products, which went counter to the imagined open horizons and transformative experiences of travel on the Grand Tour. An extensiverecensio(review and comparison) of title-pages of the editions of publishers in ten countries, as well as a perusal of the detailed records of the Leipzig Book Fair in the period 1800–1860, enable us to adopt a synchronic development of several interconnected practices and national markets. The article shall focus on three publishers, Loescher in Turin, Wilberg in Athens, and Weiss in Istanbul, who were all connected to the Leipzig industry, in order to explore several topics: the shifting allegiance to liberalism among publishers on the move, the importance of non-hegemonic languages in this trade, and the changing roles of publishers and booksellers under the impact of the forces of incorporation within the book industry.
Porter le journal jusqu’aux nues
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie
Published: February 2019

Durant les décennies 1890 à 1910, plusieurs quotidiens et périodiques, en France et au Québec, emploient des aérostats pour réaliser voyages et ascensions. Les ballons « La Presse », « Le Matin », le « Journal des voyages » ou « Le Journal », baptisés d’après les quotidiens éponymes, ont cependant une portée bien plus large que celle de simples moyens de transport. Par leur nom, par leur circulation, par les textes et imprimés qu’ils génèrent et lancent du haut du ciel, les ballons offrent une publicité remarquable au journal éponyme. Ils lui confèrent une visibilité dans l’espace, incarnent ses moyens financiers, sa diffusion ou encore les valeurs dites modernes dont le journal se veut le vecteur. Cette contribution interroge ainsi la portée et les modalités poétiques, symboliques et promotionnelles d’un type bien précis d’événement devant sa naissance à un moment singulier d’intersection entre innovations aéronautique et médiatique.
L’Agenda des femmes des Éditions du Remue-ménage (1978-2017)
Authors: Garneau Marie-Claude
Published: February 2019

Cet article examine l’évolution de l’Agenda des femmes, projet à la fois littéraire et social, mis sur pied en 1978 par les Éditions du Remue-ménage, la seule maison d’édition féministe au Québec. S’appuyant notamment sur les travaux d’Isabelle Boisclair consacrés aux réseaux littéraires féministes, l’auteure brosse un portrait des thèmes abordés et des collaboratrices convoquées au fil des quelque 40 numéros, de manière à mettre en lumière les relations tissées entre ces derniers et la maison d’édition. En parcourant ces petits objets de gestion du temps, l’auteure parvient à cartographier les idées-phares qui traversent autant la maison d’édition que le mouvement féministe québécois.
Incidence des temps et revenus professionnels sur le partage de l’activité domestique au sein de couples new-yorkais, tokyoïtes et parisiens1
Authors: Dupray Arnaud , Daune Richard Anne-Marie , Nohara Hiroatsu
Published: February 2019

L’enjeu de l’article est d’explorer les modes de répartition conjugale du travail domestique en fonction des situations des conjoints par rapport à l’emploi et ce, dans trois métropoles appartenant à des pays aux niveaux de développement comparables mais relevant de contextes institutionnels et sociétaux distincts. À partir des grilles typologiques de « modèles familiaux » et d’« État-Providence » et en exploitant une enquête internationale sur les budgets-temps menée en 2007auprès de couples de classes moyenne et supérieure vivant dans les agglomérations de New York, Paris et Tokyo, on met en évidence des résultats à trois niveaux : une situation moins inégalitaire aux États-Unis que dans les autres pays avec une plus forte parité des investissements domestiques des conjoints indépendamment de leur activité professionnelle ; une plus grande proximité entre couples parisiens et tokyoïtes dans les modalités de partage du temps de travail domestique alors que les premiers se rapprochent plus des new-yorkais par leurs caractéristiques; enfin, c’est dans les États-providence conservateurs comme le Japon et la France qu’à la fois la disponibilité temporelle des conjoints et la contribution de chacun aux revenus du ménage pèsent le plus sur la répartition effective de l’activité domestique.
Partage des rôles dans les couples à deux revenus et satisfaction de l’équilibre travail-famille selon le genre
Authors: Boulet Maude , Le Bourdais Céline
Published: February 2019

La hausse de la participation des femmes au marché du travail a contribué au recul du modèle familial traditionnel de l’homme pourvoyeur et de la femme au foyer. Conséquemment, les relations entre les sexes ont été bouleversées; un bouleversement que certains auteurs qualifient de révolution des rôles de genre. C’est dans cette perspective des rôles de genre que le présent article examine l’effet du partage des tâches domestiques et de l’articulation du temps travaillé au sein des couples à deux revenus au Québec et dans le reste du Canada sur la satisfaction de l’équilibre travail-famille. Basée sur une exploitation de l’Enquête sociale générale de 2011, l’analyse révèle une association positive entre division traditionnelle des tâches domestiques et satisfaction parmi les Québécoises et entre partage traditionnel du temps travaillé et satisfaction parmi les femmes vivant ailleurs au Canada. De leur côté, les hommes qui assument la plus grande part des tâches domestiques paraissent moins satisfaits de l’équilibre travail-famille que ceux qui partagent également ces tâches avec leur conjointe. Enfin, le fait de travailler de longues heures, soit plus de 40 heures/semaine, a un impact négatif sur la satisfaction des hommes et des femmes, quel que soit leur lieu de résidence.
Tamilokus mabinia, a new, anatomically divergent genus and species of wood-boring bivalve from the Philippines
Authors: Shipway J. Reuben , Altamia Marvin A. , Rosenberg Gary , Concepcion Gisela P. , Haygood Margo G. , Distel Daniel L.
Published: February 2019

Here we describe an anatomically divergent wood-boring bivalve belonging to the family Teredinidae. Specimens were collected off the coast of Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, in February 2018, from sunken driftwood at a depth of less than 2 m. A combination of characteristics differentiates these specimens from members of previously named teredinid genera and species. Most notable among these include: an enlarged cephalic hood which extends across the posterior slope of the shell valves and integrates into the posterior adductor muscle; a unique structure, which we term the ‘cephalic collar’, formed by protruding folds of the mantle immediately ventral to the foot and extending past the posterior margin of the valves; a large globular stomach located entirely posterior to the posterior adductor muscle and extending substantially beyond the posterior gape of the valves; an elongate crystalline style and style sac extending from the base of the foot, past the posterior adductor muscle, to the posteriorly located stomach; calcareous pallets distinct from those of described genera; a prominently flared mantle collar which extends midway along the stalk of the pallets; and, separated siphons that bear a pigmented pinstripe pattern with highly elaborate compound papillae on the incurrent siphon aperture. We used Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) to build a virtual 3D anatomical model of this organism, confirming the spatial arrangement of the structures described above. Phylogenetic analysis of the small (18S) and large (28S) nuclear rRNA gene sequences, place this bivalve within the Teredindae on a branch well differentiated from previously named genera and species. We propose the new genus and speciesTamilokus mabiniato accommodate these organisms, raising the total number of genera in this economically and environmentally important family to 17. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Micro-CT for anatomical description of a systematically challenging group of bivalves whose highly derived body plans are differentiated predominantly by soft tissue adaptations rather than features of calcareous hard-parts.