bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Art Content and Form
Authors: Pei Hao
Published: July 2022

Art as a carrier to show the cultural connotation, its hidden cultural content is very extensive. This paper explores the content and form of art as the main idea, and analyzes, with examples, the content of art, the form of art, and the dialectical unity of the relationship between content and form of art. Since the 1960s, there have been many issues involved in the discussion of the content and form of art in the art academy, and there are still many issues that have not been definitively discussed. However, the issue of art content and form plays an important role in guiding the creation and appreciation of art, so this paper explores the problems of art content and form in depth through the appreciation of some artworks.
A Corpus-based Study of William Blake’s The Tyger-Translation Style
Authors: Yu Tianbo , Li Kuangzi
Published: July 2022

The Tyger by William Blake symbolized a devout Christian belief and admiration towards the God among western people at that time. It is of great importance in the English literature history. Thus whether the Chinese translation versions are in concordance with the original meaning or not is worth study. Based on the corpus, this paper will compare and analyse the three Chinese translation versions in terms of lexicon selection and sentence features, so as to explore the differences in styles.
Research on Teaching Reform of Big Data Modeling and Application Course Based on Cooperative Learning
Authors: Luo Xiaoqin
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the learning effect of the Big Data Modeling and Application course, this paper discusses the teaching method of the Big Data Modeling and Application course based on cooperative learning. It will set up excellent student answerers, encourage students to participate in competitions and projects , teacher-student role reversal, etc. into teaching activities. It has effectively promoted the enthusiasm of students to study and participate in the competition, improved their performance, and won a lot of awards. The teaching reform of the course Big Data Modeling and Application based on cooperative learning has improved students' ability to solve complex problems and improved the learning effect.
Meta-Universe from the Perspective of Historical Materialism: Formation Mechanism, Critical Dimension and Reconstruction Path
Authors: Xu Xian
Published: July 2022

The meta-universe is an object world in which reality and virtuality are linked by science and technology.  The meta-universe originated from philosophers' questioning of the universe and was driven by the modernity of capitalism.  It realizes the threefold satisfaction in the philosophical sense, but hinders the all-round and free development of human beings, promotes the instrumental rationality but weakens the value rationality. To reconstruct the value of the meta-universe in the socialist context, we must adhere to the path of scientific and technological innovation oriented by people's interests. Consolidate the position of Marxism and accelerate the establishment of anti-monopoly system in digital world governance.
ALCUNE RIFLESSIONI SUI DOCENTI CHE INSEGNANO NEI “PERCORSI DI ALFABETIZZAZIONE E APPRENDIMENTO DELLA LINGUA ITALIANA”
Authors: Deiana Igor
Published: July 2022

Attraverso un’analisi delle caratteristiche del corpo docente dei Percorsi di alfabetizzazione e apprendimento della lingua italiana, il presente contributo si propone di evidenziare alcuni dei punti di forza e debolezza di questi corsi. Sulla base di quanto emerso da un’indagine rivolta ai docenti che vi insegnano si metterà a fuoco il profilo degli insegnati della scuola primaria e degli altri docenti che lavorano in questi corsi. Ci si concentrerà sulla loro formazione iniziale, l’eventuale conseguimento di specializzazioni in italiano L2, l’esperienza maturata rispetto all’insegnamento dell’italiano L2 e LS, la frequenza di momenti di formazione e aggiornamento e i bisogni formativi dichiarati dagli stessi intervistati. Inoltre, grazie a quanto emerso da un’indagine rivolta esclusivamente ai docenti di Lingua italiana per discenti di lingua straniera, noti anche come A23, si proporranno alcune riflessioni rispetto alle caratteristiche dei docenti che lavorano in questi corsi.

 

Some reflections on teachers who teach in  “literacy and Italian language learning courses”

This paper concentrates on the the Provincial Centre for Adult Education, commonly called CPIA (Centro Provinciale per l’Istruzione degli Adulti) and in particular on Literacy and Italian language courses for foreigners (Percorsi di alfabetizzazione e apprendimento della lingua italiana or Percorsi AALI). Based on the results of two surveys administrated to a sample of CPIA’s teachers in 2019 and 2020, the focus is on the teachers of Percorsi AALI. Starting from the analysis of the teacher profiles, the quality of Percorsi AALI is examined by the critical aspects in order to understand the causes.
LE ISTRUZIONI NEI MANUALI PER L’INSEGNAMENTO DELL’ITALIANO L2
Authors: Semplici Stefania
Published: July 2022

Partendo dall’analisi di un corpus di istruzioni tratte da manuali di italiano L2 di recente pubblicazione destinati ad apprendenti di quattro diversi livelli di competenza linguistica, la ricerca descritta in questo contributo si è proposta di indagare in primo luogo il rapporto fra istruzioni e tecniche didattiche. Analizzando le istruzioni tramite un apposito data base la ricerca ha quindi consentito di evidenziare la relazione fra le tecniche didattiche e il momento del percorso didattico nel quale vengono utilizzate, anche in riferimento alle operazioni didattiche svolte. Infine, si è voluto indagare la tipologia di tecniche didattiche in riferimento ai diversi livelli di competenza linguistica.

 

Textbooks instructions for teaching Italian L2

The article describes the analysis of a corpus of recently published Italian L2 textbooks for learners of four different language proficiency levels. By means of a specifically designed database, the analysis investigates the relationship between instructions and teaching techniques in order to highlight their relationship, both focusing on the teaching/learning process, and the learners’ linguistic proficiency.
Zenat, autore dell'«Huon d'Auvergne»?
Authors: Mascitelli Cesare
Published: July 2022

L’articolo esamina un passo della redazione berlinese della chanson franco-italiana di Huon d’Auvergne nel quale si menziona un personaggio di nome Zenat. Questa traccia sinora inosservata permette di riaprire il discorso sull’autorialità dell’Huon d’Auvergne, di ricollegare l’opera al Gui de Nanteuil della Biblioteca Marciana di Venezia e possibilmente di identificare Zenat con il Giovanni Vigentino evocato da Andrea da Barberino nella Storia di Ugone d’Avernia.
The Kids Could Be Alright: A Call for Comprehensive Sexual Education
Authors: Kollars Kate
Published: July 2022

Providing children with education to keep them healthy and safe shouldn’t be a partisan issue. It’s common sense. And as discussion around the #MeToo movement has shown, it’s more important now than ever. Stories of sexual assault have become daily news in the U.S., but the state of sexual education remains shockingly inadequate. Only 24 states require sexual education be taught, and only 13 states require the information to be medically accurate.1 Parents (independent of race, income, or party affiliation) overwhelmingly want their children to learn about sexual health in school,2 but a chasm remains between what families want and what is actually being taught.
Corrosion and Protection of High-Strength Aerospace Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Yu Mei
Published: July 2022

Exploring corrosion mechanisms and developing new protective methods are essential to avoid the failure induced by corrosion for aluminum alloys. Methods to improve service stability of aerospace aluminum alloys were discussed.
15-49 Yaş Grubu Çalışan Kadınların Aile Planlaması Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeyi ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Saptanması
Authors: Soyağır Aylin
Published: July 2022

Üreme sağlığının en önemli parametrelerinden biri aile planlamasıdır. Aile planlamasının etkin kullanılmasında bilgi düzeyinin etkisi önemlidir. Bu konuda değişik gruplarla araştırmalar yapmak, anne ve çocuk sağlığına olumsuz etkileri olacak risk faktörlerini belirlemek, geleceğe yönelik değerlendirmelere katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu çalışmada, aile planlamasıyla ilgili özellikle çalışan kadınların bilgi düzeyini araştırmakla bilimsel literatüre katkıda bulunmaya ve bu konuda yeni hipotezler geliştirerek aile planlamasındaki düzenlemelere yeni bir kaynak oluşturmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu nedenle 15-49 yaş grubu çalışan kadınların aile planlaması konusunda bilgi düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörlerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Aile planlaması, Üreme Sağlığı, Korunma Yöntemleri.
Türkiye de Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Yazılan Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezlerinin Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: Çelik Nilüfer Merve , Kuçlu Tayfun
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de sağlık okuryazarlığı(SOY) üzerine yazılmış tıpta uzmanlık tezleri bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirerek, tezlerin eğilimlerini ve ihmal edilen yönlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Yükseköğretim kurulu tez veri tabanı olan Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi) 1967-2021 yılları arasında yayımlanan tıpta uzmanlık tezleri “Sağlık Okuryazarlığı” ve “Okuryazarlık” anahtar kelimeleri ile taranmıştır. Ulaşılan 82 tez çeşitli değişkenlere göre (yıl, ölçek, araştırma yöntemi, evren vb.) incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Tezlerin %57’si aile hekimliği, %33’ü halk sağlığı ve %10’u diğer branşlar tarafından yürütülmüştür. Tezlerin %46’sının (n=38) belirli bir özelliği olmayan erişkin popülasyonda, %26’sının (n=21) tanılı erişkin hastalarda yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Göçmenlerle ilgili yapılan tez bulunmamaktadır. Tezlerde en sık kullanılan ölçek TSOY-32(Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32) (%44, n=36) ve en sık kullanılan araştırma yöntemi ise kesitseldir. 2018 yılı ve sonrasında spesifik konu ve grupları spesifik ölçeklerle değerlendiren tezlerin yürütüldüğü saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Halk sağlığı ve aile hekimliği dışındaki branşların konuya olan ilgilerini artmasına ve çalışmalarda dezavantajlı grupların göz ardı edilmemesine ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmaların karşılaştırılmasında hata yapmamak için genel sağlık okuryazarlığının değerlendirilmesinde tek bir ölçekte fikir birliği önerilebilir. Sağlık okuryazarlığının spesifikleşme eğilimi göz önüne alındığında, gelişime açık bir kavram olduğu aşikardır. Bu konuda özellikle ihmal edilen yönlerde yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Kanser Taramalarında Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Sağlık Hizmetleri
Authors: Uçkaç Kadir
Published: July 2022

Sağlık alanında her kademede geçerliliği olan sağlık okuryazarlığı kavramının kişilerin tam iyilik haline katkısı yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. DSÖ, 1974’lü yıllarda sağlık okuryazarlığını “Bireylerin, hayatlarını sağlıklı geçirebilmeleri için sağlığın korunması ve sağlıklı halin sürdürülmesi için bir bireyin sağlık bilgisine ulaşma, anlama ve kullanma becerilerinin hepsi” olarak tanımlamıştır (1,2). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinden üçüncü basamak ve palyatif hizmetlere kadar tüm basamaklar sağlık okuryazarlığından beslenebilmektedir. Bu sebeple sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin düşük veya yetersiz olması sağlık sistemini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin bileşenlerinden birisi de koruyucu sağlık hizmetleridir. Risk faktörleri yokken ve/veya varken, hastalıkları erken zamanda tespit etmek ve erken tedavi etmek gibi hizmetlerin hepsine koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri denir. Kanser taramaları da en önemli koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinden biridir. Kanserlerin mortalite ve morbidite düzeylerinin yüksek olmasıyla beraber erkenden tanımlanabilmesi de mümkündür. Bu sebeple kanser tarama programları hem bireysel hem de toplumsal sağlık açısından önem arz eder. Yetersiz düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığı koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinde de aksamalara sebep olmaktadır. Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi yetersiz olan bireylerin daha az oranda kanser tarama programlarına başvurmaları hem bireysel sağlık hem de toplumsal sağlık hem de maliyet açısından sosyal sağlıkta olumsuz sonuçları beraberinde getirmektedir.
Identification of Lifelong Learning Characteristics and Entrepreneurial Motivation among Students in a Public University
Authors: Ibrahim Irmohizam , Abiddin Norhasni Zainal , Ahmad Zaidi Ahmad Mujahid
Published: July 2022

Lifelong learning is an important factor in raising the level of knowledge and skills and improving the quality of life. For entrepreneurs, lifelong learning is the basis of long-term success because it encourages them to become open, creative and innovative leaders. Despite being said to be the solution to the narrowness of future job availability, entrepreneurship is still did not get enough attention from the students, whom are the future worker themselves. Past researches had reported that the students are lack of motivation and research related to the motivation factors also said to be scarce. On the other hand, studies regarding lifelong learning in education system had indicated several issues including lack of implementation of lifelong learning including level of student, low usage of teaching approach towards lifelong learning and lack in skills related to lifelong learning. Therefore, this study focuses on undergraduate students and aims to understand their entrepreneurial motivation in light of lifelong learning or whether their motivation is influenced by it. This study had adopted a quantitative research method. Total of 393 Bachelor Degree students from a public university in Malaysia had involved as the respondents selected through random sampling method. Data analysis was done using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. After the analysis, it shows that lifelong learning characteristics and lifelong learning tendencies were both able to explain 14.4% of the variation of entrepreneurial motivation and statistically significant (R2 = 0.144; F (2, 390) = 32.88, p = < .000). It means that the independent variable is statistically significant in predicting the dependent variable. Lastly, it is in the hope that this research can be a guide for the nations in producing a quality graduates that can become successful entrepreneur.
English Language Teacher’s Multimedia Knowledge in Teaching Using Technology
Authors: Ginting Daniel , Sulistyo Teguh , Ismiyani Nining , Sembiring Murpin Josua , Asfihana Raida , Fahmi Arfan , Made Rai Suarniti Gusti Ayu , Mulyani Yani Sri
Published: July 2022

The present study investigates English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher’s multimedia knowledge and practices in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Firstly, it focuses on determining whether some teachers' demographics (gender, nationality, academic qualification, type of institution, perceptions) correspond to teachers' multimedia knowledge. Secondly, it reveals the teacher’s practices in implementing multimedia in EFL classrooms. This present study surveyed 120 participants (Male=33 and Female=87) from Indonesia (N=108) and outside Indonesia (N=12). They answered a questionnaire to identify their demographic information and took a literacy test to examine their multimedia knowledge. The findings indicate that of the demographics, only gender correlates significantly to teacher’s multimedia knowledge. It was also found that teachers have worked hard to bridge the gaps of remote teaching by implementing multimedia regardless of the barriers they have met. It implies that multimedia should be applied not only in remote teaching but also in face-to-face and blended learning due to the power of multimedia in language learning.
Ensuring the Education Quality by the Example of Regulationon Student Survey on Teaching Quality and Effectiveness of International Scientific Educational Center of NAS RA
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia International Scientific-Educational Center, Vardanyan Narine , Ghalamdaryan Anzhela ,   National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia International Scientific-Educational Center
Published: July 2022

Higher education quality issues continue to be the focus of education experts, researchers, and policymakers in this context. The issue of involvement in the process of education quality assurance is also important, moreover, we are talking about both "internal" and "external" stakeholders. Stakeholders’ involvement is important in the sense that decisions are based on their opinions, and the education quality is continuously improved by identifying their needs, assessing their satisfaction, and studying their views on various issues.
The influence of patient gender in healthcare professional decision-making: an interaction analysis of simulation debriefings
Authors: Gauci Andrea Amato , Attoe Chris , Woodhead Charlotte , Hatch Stephani L , Kainth Ranjev
Published: July 2022

Previous research suggests that gender bias is pervasive in health care and has deleterious effects on treatment outcomes for patients. When developing and improving training on gender bias, we need to further our understanding of how such topics arise and are sustained in conversations between healthcare professionals (HCPs). The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of patient gender in HCP decision-making by analyzing how they surface, discuss and manage topics around gender.

An ethnomethodological qualitative study using discursive psychology and conversation analysis was implemented to examine 10 simulation debriefs in a specialized mental healthcare simulation centre in London. Video footage was obtained from mental health simulation training courses on bias in clinical decision-making, involving HCPs from mixed healthcare professions. Following transcription of selected segments, the debriefs were analyzed and repeated patterns of interaction were captured in distinct themes.

Four main themes were identified from the data, indicating some of the ways in which conversations about gender are managed: collaboration (to encourage discussion), surprise (when unexpected topics arose), laughter (to diffuse tense situations) and silence (demonstrating careful thinking). Patients with mental health conditions were perceived differently in terms of treatment decisions due to existing gender biases.

The persistence of gender bias that may result in discrimination in health care with negative consequences attests to the need for greater awareness and training development at various levels to include an intersectional approach.
Anna Tomasik, Działalność społeczna biskupa Adolfa Piotra Szelążka. Ludzie – miejsca – historia, Siedlce 2016, ss. 366; Waldemar Rozynkowski, Biskup Adolf Piotr Szelążek w Zamku Bierzgłowskim (1946–1950), Toruń 2018, ss. 119; Dariusz Z
Authors: Zygner Leszek
Published: July 2022

Artykuł recenzyjny
Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism
Authors: Jeje Sikirullai Olatunde , Adenawoola Michael , Abosede Christian
Published: July 2022

Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
Tocopherol Enhances the Antioxidant Defense System and Histomorphometric Parameters in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats Treated with Sodium Arsenite
Authors: Oladokun Olayemi
Published: July 2022

Arsenic compromises the gastrointestinal integrity and function via the body's anti-oxidative system breakdown.  Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of tocopherol on redox imbalance and histoarchitectural alterations in rats' gastrointestinal tract exposed to sodium arsenite. Sodium arsenite and graded doses of tocopherol were administered orally into experimental rats assigned to different groups for four weeks concurrently. Redox status assay was done in homogenized samples by spectrophotometry. Parietal cell mass and mucous cell density (stomach), villus height and crypt depth (ileum), goblet cells count, and crypt depth (colon) were evaluated by histomorphometry. Inflammatory cells infiltration was also assessed using a semi-quantitative procedure. Sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in Malondialdehyde and Myeloperoxidase but, decreased Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Nitric oxide, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione, and Glutathione-S-Transferase. Tocopherol treatment reversed the changes (p<0.05) though not largely dose-dependent. Furthermore, tocopherol annulled sodium arsenite-induced increase in parietal cell mass and decrease in mucous cell density in the stomach, decrease in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the ileum, and decrease in goblets cells and increase in crypt depth in the colon. Moreover, activated inflammatory cell infiltration by sodium arsenite was mitigated by tocopherol. Sodium arsenite provokes not only marked inflammatory cellular infiltration but a focal loss of glands, hyperplasia of crypts, atrophic villi, and hypertrophy of Peyer’s patches in the intestines, which are all lessened with tocopherol treatment.  These findings underscore the anti-oxidative properties of tocopherol as a potent dietary factor against sodium arsenite toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract.
Keywords: Tocopherol, arsenic, stomach, ileum, colon
Skull Shape Variations in the Eidolon helvum (African Fruit Bat) Based on Geographical Location
Authors: Igado Olumayowa , Joannis Jemima
Published: July 2022

The shape and size of a skull provides insight into the age, breed and gender of the animal. Skull shape variations have been reported in different animals, with some theories linking these variations to evolution and/or migration. This study assessed the variations observed in the skull shape, size and gross morphometrics of two groups of the Eidolon helvum obtained from two geographical regions in Nigeria (south and north). All skulls were rostro-caudally elongated, having a dolichocephalic appearance. The skulls from the north had a distinct dome shape, with a more prominent zygomatic process, absence of a ‘diastema’ and an extra upper molar, while the southern skulls showed a more dorsally flattened skull and a less prominent zygomatic process. The shape of the sagittal crest was different in the two groups, while there was the presence of an accessory infraorbital foramen in some of the southern skulls. The southern skulls lacked the palatine foramen. The lacrimal foramen was observed to be more caudally placed in the southern skulls. Values for most linear measurements were higher in the northern skulls, although statistically significant difference was not present in all. The value for the neurocranial volume was considerably higher in the northern skulls (4.41 ± 0.28 mls) relative to the southern skulls (2.0 ± 0.27 mls). Statistically significant differences were not observed between males and females (within regions). Data obtained from this study may find application in evolution and migration studies, wildlife medicine and surgery and comparative and forensic anatomy.
Neighborhood Social Ties and Informal Social Control: When do Neighbors Call the Police or Directly Intervene?
Authors:   Grand Valley State University, Cwick Jaclyn
Published: July 2022

Social disorganization theory posits that neighborhood social ties facilitate residents’ engagement in distinct forms of informal social control important for crime reduction, including private, parochial, and public controls (Bursik & Grasmik, 1993). Yet research examining how social ties contribute to various forms of informal social control is rare, despite a recent resurgence in efforts to clarify these measures (see Warner, 2014). The present study examines whether neighborhood social ties influence direct informal social control (i.e., residents’ perceptions that their neighbors will stop a crime themselves or will get another neighbor to help) and indirect informal social control (i.e., residents’ perceptions that their neighbors will call the police) within ordinary least squares regression. Findings indicate that previous studies, which have relied on global measures of informal social control, have concealed more nuanced relationships regarding social ties and forms of informal social control. More specifically, neighborhood social ties were positively related to direct informal social control at low levels of disadvantage, but were negatively related to direct informal social control in neighborhoods with high concentrated disadvantage, while social ties were positively related to indirect informal social control regardless of disadvantaged context. Findings point to the importance of including more specific measures of informal social control in current and future residential surveys.
Credible and Actionable Evidence Across Stakeholder Levels of the Cooperative Extension System
Authors: Place Nick T. , Klemme Richard M. , McKinnie M. Ray , Baker Carrie , Parella Jean , Cummings Scott R.
Published: July 2022

This article provides a look at the various levels within the Cooperative Extension System and the use of evidence within these levels. The authors examine the factors associated with credible evidence and the various levels. The impact of factors such as politics, science, stakeholder support, and expectations are discussed. The various levels within Extension are summarized in relation to evidence that is routinely requested or required for each. Lastly, the authors use information directly from Extension directors to provide a framework for the discussion.
Quantitative or Qualitative: Selecting the Right Methodological Approach for Credible Evidence
Authors: Jones Kenneth R. , Gwynn Eugenia P. , Teeter Allison
Published: July 2022

This article provides insight into how an adequate approach to selecting methods can establish credible and actionable evidence. The authors offer strategies to effectively support Extension professionals, including program developers and evaluators, in being more deliberate when selecting appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, several examples of commonly used measures are described to help in determining their applicability for evaluating Extension programs. Benefits and challenges of select methods are discussed as well as pitfalls to avoid that can derail the evaluative process. Lastly, a few cases are shared to present how Extension is aiming to establish credible evidence through state efforts and at the national level. The authors discuss the use of practical designs (e.g., common measures) that offer a more uniform way of evaluating programs. Examples are also included to highlight the effective use of Extension reporting systems that aim to streamline data collection, evaluation, and reporting as a means to ensure more credibility.
Where Do We Go from Here?: Credible and Actionable Evidence in Extension
Authors: Cummings Scott R. , Silliman Benjamin
Published: July 2022

The evolution of evaluation in the Cooperative Extension System (Extension) has gone through many changes over the years, from focusing on participation, to the measurement of outcomes, and then impacts. Now, the new evolution in Extension is the use of credible and actionable evidence. This special edition of the Journal of Human Sciences and Extension (JHSE) explored the theme, “What is credible and actionable evidence in Extension programs?” The authors of the articles in this issue wrote about the important concepts ahead of us as we begin on the road to more credible and actionable evidence. This article provides some closing thoughts on this special issue and sets forth challenges as we move forward.
The relationship of human papillomavirus positivity with tumor characteristics in an Irish penile cancer population
Authors: Browne Eva , Power Foley Megan , O'Kelly John , Nic An Ríogh Aisling , Shah Nigam , Shilling Christine , Keane John P. , Daly Padraig , Cullen Ivor M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, with a European-wide annual incidence rate of 1/100 000 males. Approximately one-third of cases are attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. p16INK4a is a recognized surrogate marker for HPV infection in penile cancer. University Hospital Waterford (UHW) is the national referral center for penile cancer in Ireland. We report the prevalence of HPV infection and histological characteristics of an Irish penile cancer cohort using p16INK4a as a surrogate marker.
Methods: Patients who attended UHW for penile cancer surgery between June 2015 and November 2020 were entered into a prospectively maintained database. Clinical, histopathological, and outcome data were collected.
Results: Over the study period, 70 patients with a histological diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma had staining for p16INK4a, of whom 64% were positive. p16INK4a positive patients were significantly younger at diagnosis, with a mean age of 61±15 years compared to 68±12 (p <0.05). Of note, 97% of tumors with high-risk histology were p16INK4a positive (p<0.001). p16INK4a positivity was more prevalent among higher-grade tumors (p<0.02). Interestingly, p16INK4a status was not associated with recurrence-free or overall survival.
Conclusions: Our data is representative of the Irish landscape in penile cancer over the last five years. Using p16INK4a staining, we demonstrate a high rate of HPV prevalence in penile cancer cases in our patient cohort, which is associated with prognostically worse tumor subtypes. This would suggest that HPV vaccination of adolescent boys is a useful public health intervention in preventing penile cancer in the Irish male population.
Simulation-based prostate enucleation training: Initial experience using 3D-printed organ phantoms
Authors: Deyirmendjian Claudia , Nguyen David-Dan , Andonian Sero , Aubé-Peterkin Mélanie , Letendre Julien , Elterman Dean , Zorn Kevin , Chughtai Bilal , Miernik Arkadiusz , Gross Andreas , Bhojani Naeem
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) is an effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, there is controversy regarding the difficulty of learning such a technique. Simulation-based training can mimic real-life surgeries and help surgeons develop skills they can transfer to the operating room, thereby improving patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a novel organ phantom for use in AEEP simulation training.
Methods: Participants performed AEEP on organ phantom simulators during a masterclass using one of three energy modalities: holmium:YAG laser, thulium fiber laser, or bipolar energy. The organ phantom is composed of hydrogels and uses 3D molds to recreate prostatic tissue. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing content validity, face validity, feasibility, and acceptability of using the prostate organ phantom.
Results: The novice group consisted of 13 urologists. The median number of AEEP previously performed was 0 (interquartile range [IQR] 0–2). Two experts in AEEP (surgeons having performed over 100 AEEP interventions) also participated. All participants agreed or strongly agreed that there is a role for simulators in AEEP training. Participants positively rated the overall operative experience (7.3/10). Morcellation (4.7/10) and hemostasis (3.1/10) were deemed the least realistic steps. All participants considered it feasible to incorporate this organ phantom in training programs and 92.9% agreed that it teaches skills transferrable to the operating room.
Conclusions: This study has established content and face validity for AEEP with three different energy sources for an organ phantom. Participants considered its use both feasible and appropriate for AEEP training purposes.
On the history of the Japanese book: Two illustrated woodcut editions of the Seiashō (Notes by a Frog from a Well) by poet Tonna (1289–1372)
Authors: Toropygina M. V.
Published: July 2022

Secular book printing began to spread in Japan since the beginning of the 17th century. From the middle of the 17th century, woodcut was completely dominant. The repertoire of publications was wide, including old texts written long before the Tokugawa period. Since commercial printing assumed that the book would be bought, only relevant old texts were published. The printed edition significantly expanded the circle of readers of the book. The Seiashō (Notes by a Frog from a Well) by Tonna (1289–1372) belongs to the karon genre (treatises on poetry) and is a guide for aspiring poets writing waka (Japanese songs). The text was published for the first time in 1648 and the first illustrated edition appeared in 1686, reprinted in 1709. The illustrator is considered to be Hishikawa Moronobu (1618–1694), although the book does not contain the artist’s name. The second illustrated edition dates back to 1752. This edition uses illustrations by Tachibana Morikuni (1679–1748). In both editions, illustrations are made on separate sheets, occupying a whole page. The illustrations are monochrome and include a drawing (a landscape illustrating the text of the poem) and an inscription of the poem at the top. An analysis and comparison of these two editions makes it possible to see some trends related to both printing itself and a number of more general cultural issues. The understanding of authorship receives a «visible» embodiment: in the first edition, neither the author of the text, nor the artist are identified, while the colophon of the second edition contains the names of both. During the time that has elapsed between the release of these two editions, the role of illustrations has grown significantly. The edition of the end of the 17th century contains 24 illustrations, and the book was made in such a way that it can exist in a version without illustrations; there, illustrations play a supporting role. The edition of the mid-18th century contains 80 illustrations, and they can be distributed in the text of the book or concentrated in one place, making this edition close to the e-hon books.
Retinopati Prematuritas : Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana
Authors: Yahya Willy
Published: July 2022

Retinopati prematuritas (ROP) adalah kelainan proliferatif progresif pembuluh darah retina bayi prematur yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) membagi ROP berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, perluasan, lokasi, adanya penyakit lain, dan adanya ROP posterior yang agresif. ROP dimulai dari penundaan vaskularisasi retina akibat keadaan hiperoksia relatif dan dilanjutkan dengan fase vasoproliferasi. Skrining adekuat dengan oftalmoskop indirek dan tatalaksana sesuai pedoman The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) menjadi modalitas penanganan ROP saat ini. Tatalaksana dengan modalitas lain masih diteliti.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative, progressive vascularization in premature infants which can lead to blindness. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) classified the ROP based on severity, extent, zone, the existence of other diseases, and the existence of aggressive posterior ROP. ROP starts with the delay of retinal vascularization from relative hyperoxia state and develops to vasoproliferation phase. Adequate screening by indirect ophthalmoscope and The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) treatment guideline become the current modality for ROP therapy. Treatment with other modalities are still under investigation.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Tinea Imbrikata
Authors: Hartanto David Dwiadiputra
Published: July 2022

Tinea imbrikata merupakan dermatofitosis superfisial kronik yang sering kambuh, terutama mengenai individu di lingkungan primitif dan terisolasi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh dermatofita antropofilik, yaitu Tricophyton concentricum. Indonesia masih termasuk daerah endemis. Penularan melalui kontak erat dengan orang terinfeksi. Faktor predisposisi termasuk faktor kelembapan, keturunan, dan imunologi. Terapi terbaik menggunakan terbinafine dan griseofulvin oral dengan kombinasi keratolitik topikal. Terapi adekuat, eliminasi faktor predisposisi, dan sumber infeksi penting untuk mengurangi kekambuhan.

Tinea imbricata is a chronic and often recurrent superficial dermatophytosis, mainly affects individuals living in primitive and isolated environment. Tinea imbricata caused by anthropophilic dermatophyte, Trichophyton concentricum. Indonesia is still an endemic area. Transmission is through close contact with an infected person. Predisposing factors include humidity, heredity, and immunology. Best therapy is oral terbinafine and griseofulvin combined with topical keratolytic. Adequate therapy, elimination of predisposing factors, and source of infection are important to reduce recurrence.
Late Diagnosis of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture: Experience in Developing Country
Authors: Sutanto Koerniawan Heru , Kuning Atmadjaya Nengah , Wiargitha Ketut
Published: July 2022

Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure that can be divided into right and left hemi-diaphragm. Rupture of diaphragm can be caused by penetrating trauma or blunt trauma to chest and abdomen. A 32 year-old man with sustained traumatic rupture of diaphragm due to blunt abdominal trauma because of traffic accident. Diaphragm repair was performed at the 6th day.

Diafragma adalah struktur otot berbentuk kubah yang dapat dibagi menjadi hemi-diafragma kanan dan kiri. Pecahnya diafragma dapat disebabkan oleh trauma tembus atau trauma tumpul pada dada dan perut. Seorang pria 32 tahun dengan trauma pecah diafragma karena trauma tumpul pada perut karena kecelakaan lalu lintas. Perbaikan diafragma dilakukan pada hari ke-6.
Ivermectin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19 – case studies
Authors: Wijaya Natalia Sisca , Salim Sidharta
Published: July 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan, China, and has since become a global threat to human health. To dates, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. Several types of drug as well as vaccination are still under investigation and clinical trials worldwide. Recently, a study demonstrated ~5000-fold reduction in SARS-CoV-2 virus at 48h in cell culture after a single treatment of ivermectin. A clinical study at University of Utah found that the administration of ivermectin during COVID-19 illness in hospitalized patients is associated with lower mortality and hospital length of stay. We report three confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection with significant improvement clinically and radiologically following treatment with single dose of ivermectin.

Pada Desember 2019, wabah yang disebabkan oleh varian baru coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) dimulai di Wuhan, China, dan saat ini telah menjadi ancaman global bagi kesehatan manusia.Hingga saat ini, respon dunia terhadap wabah COVID-19 masih terbatas pada pemantauan dan isolasi. Di seluruh dunia, beberapa jenis obat dan juga vaksinasi masih menjalani tahap investigasi dan uji klinis. Baru-baru ini, sebuah studi mendemonstrasikan bahwa satu dosis ivermectin mampu mengurangi ~5000-kali kadar SARS-CoV-2 virus dalam 48 jam pada kultur sel. Sebuah uji klinis di Universitas di Utah juga membuktikan bahwa ivermectin terbukti menurunkan angka mortalitas dan juga lama perawatan pasien COVID-19 rawat inap. Kami melaporkan tiga pasien dengan konfirmasi positif COVID-19 yang menunjukkan kemajuan signifikan klinis dan radiologis setelah pengobatan dengan satu dosis ivermectin.
Manifestasi Klinis Infeksi COVID-19 pada Anak
Authors: Felicia Fabiola Vania
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit infeksi baru dengan tingkat penyebaran sangat cepat dan saat ini menjadi pandemi. Sampai Juni 2020, tercatat sekitar 8 juta kasus positif COVID-19 di dunia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh spesies coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 ditularkan dari manusia ke manusia dan dapat menginfeksi seluruh kalangan usia. Sebagian besar kasus COVID-19 anak asimptomatik atau bergejala ringan sehingga status infeksi COVID-19 anggota keluarga penting untuk deteksi infeksi COVID-19 pada anak. Konfirmasi kasus pada anak sama halnya pada kasus dewasa dengan pemeriksaan RT-PCR. Prinsip tatalaksana adalah isolasi, terapi suportif, dan simptomatik sesuai kondisi pasien.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new communicable disease that has spread rapidly around the world and causing a global pandemic. As of June 2020, approximately 8 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. This disease is caused by coronavirus species, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 spreads through human-to-human transmission and affected every age group. Most cases of COVID-19 in children were asymptomatic or mild; family clustering is a strong epidemiological link in pediatric COVID-19. Preferred diagnostic test in children is similar to adult, with RT-PCR test. Management is based on clinical conditions, which include self-isolation, supportive therapy, and symptomatic therapy.
Evaluasi “ Sayang Ibu”: Aplikasi Kegawatdaruratan Ibu Hamil
Authors: Suryoputro Antono , Budiyanti Rani Tiyas , Nofitri Mela
Published: July 2022

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) merupakan salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan. Di Indonesia, AKI masih cukup tinggi. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah keterlambatan rujukan dan kurangnya informasi mengenai tanda bahaya kehamilan terutama pada kehamilan risiko tinggi. Sayang Ibu merupakan aplikasi kegawatdaruratan ibu hamil yang dikembangkan oleh Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi penggunaan aplikasi ‘Sayang Ibu’. Metode penelitian adalah survei dengan kuesioner System Usability Scale (SUS) dan User Experience Questionare (UEQ) terhadap 28 ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rowosari, Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi Sayang Ibu dapat diterima dan berguna dengan nilai rata-rata 70,18. Nilai ketertarikan pengguna, kemudahan, efisiensi, ketergantungan, dan stimulasi penggunaan di atas rata-rata. Sedangkan tingkat keterbaruan aplikasi dianggap kurang. Penggunaan aplikasi ‘Sayang Ibu’ memerlukan dukungan literasi digital ibu hamil.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of indicator in healthcare. In Indonesia, MMR still high. Among other causes are delayed referral and lack of education on danger sign in pregnancy especially in high risk pregnancy. Sayang Ibu is emergency call application developed by Public Health Faculty Diponegoro University. This research aims to evaluate Sayang Ibu Application. The survey applied System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionare (UEQ) to 28 pregnant mothers in Rowosari Primary Health Care area in Semarang City. This research was done in September 2019. The rate of usability was 70,18 showed that this application was useful. Based on user experience, Sayang Ibu Application had attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, and stimulation, but no novelty. Sayang Ibu Application needs digital literacy.
Anosmia pada COVID-19
Authors: Samuel Ishak , Wreksoatmodjo Budi Riyanto
Published: July 2022

Sejak tanggal 11 Maret 2020, WHO telah mendeklarasikan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi. Gejala COVID-19 yang paling umum adalah demam, malaise, dan batuk kering, namun dapat juga muncul gejala gangguan penghidu atau anosmia. Anosmia pada COVID-19 dapat disebabkan oleh invasi langsung oleh virus melalui epitel hidung dan bulbus olfaktorius pada reseptor ACE2. Anosmia pada COVID-19 ini dapat timbul tiba-tiba atau didahului oleh gejala ringan seperti batuk kering. Tatalaksana anosmia pada COVID-19 masih terus berkembang dan diteliti lebih lanjut.

Since March 11, 2020, WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, malaise, and dry cough, but there can also be symptoms of olfactory dysfunctions including anosmia. Anosmia in COVID-19 can be caused by direct viral invasion through the nasal epithelium and olfactory bulb at the ACE2 receptor. Anosmia in COVID-19 can spontaneously appear or preceded by mild symptoms such as dry cough. The management of anosmia in COVID-19 is still developing and needs more in-depth research.

 
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV)
Authors: - Filberto
Published: July 2022

Kaki pengkor atau Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) adalah salah satu kelainan bawaan pada kaki yang sering dijumpai pada bayi. CTEV adalah masalah umum yang terkait dengan kontraktur tendon medial kaki, tendon Achilles, dan kontraktur pergelangan kaki, hindfoot, dan midfoot. Kaki biasanya kecil, berada pada posisi equinus, varus, cavus, dan adduksi. Perawatan nonoperatif hampir selalu merupakan metode perawatan awal untuk CTEV, terdiri dari peregangan dan gips serial menggunakan metode Ponseti. Setelah koreksi serial dengan gips, deformitas harus ditahan menggunakan foot abduction brace (FAB) untuk mencegah kekambuhan.

Clubfoot or congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) is one of the congenital abnormalities found in newborn's feet. CTEV is a problem associated with medial tendon contractures of the foot, Achilles tendon, and ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot contractures. The feet are usually small, and in an equinus, varus, cavus and adducted position. Nonoperative treatment is almost always the initial treatment method, consisting of stretches and serial casts using the Ponseti method. After correction with serial casts, the deformity should be retained using a foot abduction brace (FAB) to prevent recurrence.
Toksin Botulinum untuk Kasus Urogenital
Authors: Fanardy Angeline
Published: July 2022

Toksin Botulinum merupakan neurotoksin yang diproduksi oleh bakteri Clostridium. Neurotoksin menempel pada terminal kolinergik perifer dan menghambat pelepasan asetilkolin, menyebabkan relaksasi otot. Efek ini bermanfaat untuk beberapa kasus uroginekologi, seperti overaktivitas detrusor, painful bladder syndrome, nyeri pelvis kronik, vaginismus, vulvodynia lokal, dan disfungi ereksi..

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium bacteria. Neurotoxins attach to the peripheral cholinergic terminal and inhibit acetylcholine release, causing muscle relaxation. This effect is used as a therapeutic option for some urogynaecological cases, such as detrusor overactivity, painful bladder syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, vaginismus, local vulvodynia, and erectile dysfunction.