bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature inspired Meta-heuristic optimization integrated with ensemble machine learning for PM2.5 modeling: a potential approach for sustainable eco-friendly health risk management
Authors: Usman Abdullahi G. , Mati Sagiru , Naganna Sujay Raghavendra , Usman Jamilu , Jibril Mahmud Muhammad , Bafaqeer Abdullah , Rahman Syed Masiur , Abba Sani I.
Published: July 2024

Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) is a major air pollutant that can deeply penetrate the respiratory system and enter the bloodstream when inhaled. Therefore, it is significant to monitor and model PM 2.5, which is also considered as a key indicator of overall air quality. The current study employs the use of both Nature inspired Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms and Ensemble Machine learning (ML) techniques for the prediction of PM 2.5 using Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM). Prior to dwelling into the modelling step, various pre-analysis techniques were conducted for data clean up and to understand the behaviour of the data. The quantitative performance results obtained from the Metaheuristic algorithms indicates that ANN-PSO outperformed all the other techniques including; SVR-BO, ENN-GA and LR. Furthermore, the quantitative outcomes indicate that ANN-PSO has the ability of improving the performance of the other techniques up to 80.4% and 73.2% in the calibration and validation phases respectively. More also, recent visualizations such as Fan plot and Bump chart were used in ranking the performance results obtained in PM 2.5 prediction. Moreover, Neural network ensemble (NNE) technique equally showed superior potentials over Simple average (SA) ensemble technique. To conclude, the quantitative and visualized performances of both the Metaheuristic algorithms and the ensemble paradigms indicates their importance in modelling and mitigation of PM 2.5 pollution, which requires concerted efforts at the local, and international levels to mitigate its effects and improve air quality on a global scale.
Advancing virulence factor prediction using protein language models
Authors: Liu Yitong , Cao Xin , Li Jiani , Li Tao , Li Juanjuan , Ma Xiang , Chi Xue , Tang Yanqiong , Liu Zhu , Li Hong
Published: July 2024

Background
Bacterial infections have emerged as the second leading cause of death globally, with their virulence factors (VFs) playing a critical role. Accurate prediction of VFs serves not only to elucidate the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, but also offers new avenues for treating bacterial diseases. Machine learning (ML) stands out as a powerful tool for swiftly and precisely identifying VFs. However, a persistent challenge with existing ML methods is the use of outdated embedding techniques and a lack of differentiation between VFs of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Results
In this study, we introduced pLM4VF, a predictive framework that utilized ESM protein language models to extract VF characteristics of G+ and G- bacteriaseparately, and further integrated the models using the stacking strategy. The top-performing ensemble models, constructed using ESM pLMs, for both types of bacteria collectively constituted pLM4VF. Extensive benchmarking experiments on the independent test demonstrated that pLM4VF outperformed state-of-the-art methods. Biological validations through cytotoxicity and acute toxicity assays further corroborated the reliability of pLM4VF. An online tool (http://139.9.105.117:8081/) has been developed that enables inexperienced researchers on ML to obtain VFs of various bacteria at the whole-genome scale.
Conclusion
We believe that pLM4VF will offer substantial support in uncovering pathogenic mechanisms, developing novel antibacterial treatments and vaccines, thereby aiding in the prevention and management of bacterial diseases.
Clinical characteristics and nomogram model for predicting the risk of recurrence of complicated urinary tract infection in pediatric patients
Authors: Jiang Jing , Chen Xiu-Ying , Guo Hui
Published: July 2024

Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) has higher incidences of antibiotic resistance, recurrence, chronicity, and progression. However, there has been no prediction model for cUTI recurrence in pediatric patients for targeted interventions. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to p`redict the risk of cUTI recurrence for better prevention and treatment of cUTI in pediatric patients. The nomogram was developed based on a retrospective cohort that included 421 pediatric patients with cUTI at West China Second University Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 3:1 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors and construct the nomogram for predicting the risk of cUTI recurrence, followed by validation and performance analysis. Of the 421 children with cUTI, the recurrence rate of cUTI was 68.4% (288 cases) during an average follow-up duration of 22.9 months. The nomogram comprised female gender, history of urinary tract surgery, Escherichia coli in urine culture, renal dysfunction, and vesicoureteral reflux as predictors of cUTI recurrence in pediatric patients. The model showed favorable performance with a C-index of 0.735 in the training dataset and a C-index of 0.750 in the validation dataset. The clinical decision curves revealed that the nomogram was clinically useful. The first reliable nomogram was constructed for predicting the risk of cUTI recurrence in pediatric patients, which would be beneficial for clinicians to identify children with high risks of cUTI recurrence for targeted interventions.
Sense of Coherence Promotes Acceptance of Others Among University Students Studying Abroad: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Takeuchi Jiro , Sakagami Rei , Sakagami Yu
Published: July 2024

Background
Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a concept used to overcome difficult situations. This study aims to investigate whether SOC promotes acceptance of the self and others among university students by studying abroad, addressing the gap in understanding the psychological impacts of studying abroad.
Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study included university students who studied abroad between 2017 and 2019. Data on gender, age, destination, study abroad experience, the 13-item seven-point SOC Japanese version (SOC-13), Berger's scales, and the 60-item version of the General Health Questionnaire Japanese version (GHQ-60) were collected via self-administered questionnaires. A linear regression model estimated the β coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI). We submitted Berger's Acceptance-of-Others after studying abroad as a dependent variable, SOC-13 before studying abroad as an independent variable, and age, gender, experience of studying abroad, destination, Berger's Acceptance-of-Others before studying abroad, Berger’s Self-acceptance score before studying abroad, and GHQ-60 before studying abroad as independent variables to adjust for confounders in the analysis model.
Results
Of 1039 students, 330 (31.8%) submitted pre-departure questionnaires; 168 (50.9%) were male, median age was 21.3 years, and 260 (80.0%) were undergraduates. Of the 156 (15.0%) who completed both pre- and post-study abroad questionnaires, the mean Berger's Acceptance-of-Others score significantly decreased by 5.2 points (p = 0.02), and the SOC-13 score decreased by 0.8 points (p < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha remained above 0.80 for all scales. Between the complete questionnaire group and an incomplete group, the complete questionnaire group had a higher SOC-13 score (P = 0.01) but did not have a higher Berger’s Acceptance-of-Others Scale score (P = 0.997). An increasing SOC-13 score was associated with an increasing Berger's scale Acceptance-of-Others score after studying abroad (β coef. 0.34; 95%CI, 0.04–0.65, P = 0.03). No significant interactions were found between the variables.
Conclusions
SOC promotes acceptance among university students studying abroad.
Clinical Usefulness of Patient-Reported-Outcome-Measurement Information System in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Azevedo Sara , Oliveira Maria Miguel , Nogueira Paulo , Lopes Ana Isabel
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study evaluates the clinical utility of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) by comparing it with objective clinical data and validated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Pediatric CD patients (aged 8-17 years) were enrolled prospectively over eight months from an outpatient pediatric gastroenterology center. We assessed the associations between PROMIS® Pediatric short-form measures, demographic and disease-related data, global clinical assessments, and HRQOL measures. A sub-analysis according to PCDAI score (remission versus active disease) was also conducted.
Results: 31 patients included (mean age: 15.3; 58% female) with a mean disease duration of 2.7 years; 80.6% were in remission or with mild disease. PROMIS® scores showed significant correlations with several factors: age negatively correlated with PROMIS® Global Health (r=-0.399; p=0.026) and Life Satisfaction (r=-0.359; p=0.047); gender was associated with PROMIS® Cognitive Function (t=2.20; p=0.038), favoring males; and school level inversely influenced PROMIS® Peer Relationships (F=3.90; p=0.003). Clinical assessments also revealed significant correlations: hemoglobin with PROMIS® Global Health (r=0.356; p=0.049) and Pain Interference (r=-0.360; p=0.046); ferritin with PROMIS® Meaning and Purpose (r=0.435; p=0.016) and Cognitive Function (r=0.450; p=0.011). Disease activity assessments correlated significantly with multiple PROMIS® measures, with better scores in remission patients. Treatment changes, particularly corticosteroids, negatively impacted PROMIS® Anxiety and Life Satisfaction scores. IMPACT-III scores correlated positively with PROMIS® Global Health, Meaning and Purpose, Life Satisfaction, peer relationships and negatively with Depression, Anxiety, Pain interference, and Fatigue. Group analysis indicated better PROMIS® scores and HRQOL scores in remission, as compared to active disease.
Conclusion: Consistent with recent evidence, PROMIS® scores reliably reflect disease activity and HRQOL. The meaningful associations with clinical assessment and treatment efficacy, reinforce the clinical relevance and utility of PROs in the patient-centered management of pediatric IBD and highlight the importance of self-reporting as a gold standard tool for assessing health status.
Changes in hedonic hunger and problematic eating behaviors in adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: YILMAZ Can Selim , INCE Zeynep Ayca , AYDEMIR Ayse Yagmur , CALISKAN Hilal
Published: July 2024

Background
Following RYGB, patients experience changes in hedonic hunger (the drive to eat food for pleasure in the absence of physiological hunger) and eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine changes in hedonic hunger and problematic eating behaviors (PEBs) in adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
Methods
This study was conducted between January 2024 and April 2024 with 70 adults undergoing RYGB who met the conditions for participation in the study. Hedonic hunger was assessed with the Power of Food Scale (PFS) and PEBs with the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), a week before and 12 week after surgery by the researcher through face-to-face. The PFS consists of 3 subscales [food available (FA), food present (FP) and food tasted (FT)] and the EDE-Q consists of 4 subscales [restraint (R), eating concern (EC), shape concern (SC) and weight concern (WC)]. Increasing scores for both PFS and EDE-Q represent increased hedonic hunger and severity of PEBs, respectively. SPSS 25.0 package program was applied to evaluate the data.
Results
A total of 70 participants completed the study (70% females; BMI: 37.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2; age: 32.4 ± 7.9 years). Average weight loss was 18.6 ± 5.3 kg (17.6%). Significantly reductions were observed in total (change in mean score ± SD = 1.16 ± 0.30; p < 0.001) and all subscales score of PFS [− 1,16 ± 0.45; p < 0.001 (FA subscale), − 1.36 ± 0.33; p < 0.001 (FP subscale) and − 0.81 ± 0.15; p < 0.01 (FT subscale)] at 12 weeks after surgery compared to baseline. Similarly significantly reductions were observed in EDE-Q scores in total (− 1.05 ± 0.37; p < 0.05) and subscales [− 1.22 ± 0.51; p < 0.05 (EC subscale),−1.97 ± 0.27; p < 0.001 (SC subscale) and − 1.34 ± 0.18; p < 0.001 (WC subscale)] except for the 'R' subscale (+ 0.31 ± 0.51; p < 0.001). Weight loss were non-significantly positively related to reduction in EDE-Q total and all subscale scores.
Conclusions
Hedonic hunger and severity of problematic eating behaviors reduced in the early postoperative period (12 week) of RYGB compare to pre-op. Although the relationship was not significantly, weight loss increased as problematic eating behaviors decreased.
Efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy using gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Uemura Sho , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Ibuki Sho , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: July 2024

Using chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as the main treatment strategy for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (UR-LA PDAC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CRT combined with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with UR-LA PDAC. Eight patients with UR-LA PDAC were eligible for inclusion. Nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (800 mg/m2 or 1000 mg/m2) were administered on days 1 and 8 per 3-week cycle repeated for two cycles with concurrent radiation therapy (50.4 Gy/28 fractions/6 weeks). After this regimen was administered, conversion surgery was considered if the tumor was reduced in size, and we judged the tumor to be resectable. No CRT-related mortality was observed during CRT. Three patients failed to complete this regimen because of neutropenia and hepatic impairment. The treatment completion and resection rates were 62.5% (5/8) and 25.0% (2/8), respectively. Curative resection (R0) was performed in two patients (100%). The 1-and 3-year overall survival rates were 37.5% and 25.0%, respectively, with a median follow-up period of 355 (range, 226 − 1450) days. CRT with 100 mg/m2 nab-paclitaxel and 800 mg/m2 gemcitabine with 50.4 Gy radiation was well tolerated and safe,but most UR-LA PDAC patients require additional treatment, suggesting CRT limitations.
Grain Boundary Cracks Patching and Defect Dual Passivation with Ammonium Formate for High-Efficiency Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Junliang , Ding Yang , Wu Yefan , Feng Xiangxiang , Li Hengyue , Feng Erming , Chang Jianhui , Long Caoyu , Gao Yuanji
Published: July 2024

Triple-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit better long-term stability as compared to FAPbI3 devices but also have more defects such as undercoordinated lead ions (Pb2+), halide vacancies, and organic cation vacancies in film. Herein, ammonium formate (NH4HCO2) is introduced and forms a stable NH4HCO2-PbI2 adduct onto the surface of perovskite (FA0.945MA0.025Cs0.03Pb(I0.975Br0.025)3) to patch grain boundary cracks and passivate interfacial defects. The density functional theory calculation results indicate that there is a strong interface interaction between perovskite surface and NH4HCO2, and the defects are well anchored by forming Pb··COOH bond and I··NH4 bond. The density of states (DOS) proves that surface trap states (around the Fermi level) created by the I vacancy is effectively eliminated, which is consistent with the experimental results of suppressing non-radiative recombination at the interface. As expected, the optimized PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.62%, which is much higher than the value of control devices with a PCE of 23.45%. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices exhibit remarkable long-term stability in air with 40% RH at 25°C. This work provides a simple defect multiple passivation strategy to build PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
Exploring the association between exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome in NHANES, 2007-2012: utilizing a multi-step statistical strategy
Authors: Xu Yadan , Xu Yifan , Gu Wen , Zhou Xinyi , Wu Huaying , Yang Xu
Published: July 2024

Background
Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates are recognized as potential contributors to metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, the combined effect of simultaneous exposure to these chemicals on the MetS remains elusive.
Objectives
To explore the impacts of simultaneous exposure to three classes of chemicals and identify critical chemicals.
Methods
Based on the NHANES database from 2007–2012, our study included 4,030 non-pregnant individuals aged 20 years or older. We used the weighted linear regression model, variable selection models (including LASSO regression and BMA models), as well as the mixture exposure model (WQS model) to investigate the correlation between chemicals and MetS. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed based on gender and age.
Results
The weighted generalized linear regression model revealed a positive correlation of 2-PHEN with MetS (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19–1.59, P < 0.001). Both the LASSO regression and BMA models identified 2-PHEN as a significant chemical positively associated with MetS. Additionally, the WQS model showed a positive association between overall exposure to the three chemical categories and MetS, with the highest weighted chemicals being 2-PHEN, MEOHP 2-NAP, and 2,5-DCP. Stratified analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between 2-PHEN and MetS between different subgroups in the weighted generalized linear regression, LASSO regression, and BMA models. Notably, the WQS regression model revealed a significant association in the subgroup of female (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.83, P < 0.05), with 2-PHEN, 2,5-DCP, 2-NAP, and MEP identified as the primary contributions to Mets.
Conclusion
Combined exposure to the three chemical groups was positively related to a higher risk of MetS, with the PAH group exhibiting the most pronounced effect and 2-PHEN emerging as a key chemical with consistent and robust findings, promoting public health concerns regarding the potential health hazards of EDCs exposure to metabolic diseases.
A novel machine learning workflow to optimize cooling devices grounded in solid-state physics
Authors: Fernandez Julian G. , Etesse Guéric , Seoane Natalia , Comesaña Enrique , Hirakawa Kazuhiko , Garcia-Loureiro Antonio , Bescond Marc
Published: July 2024

Cooling devices grounded in solid-state physics are promising candidates for integrated-chip nanocooling applications. These devices are modeled by coupling the quantum non-equilibrium Green’s function for electrons with the heat equation (NEGF+H), which allows to accurately describe the energetic and thermal properties. We propose a novel machine learning (ML) workflow to accelerate the design optimization process of these cooling devices, alleviating the high computational demands of NEGF+H. This workflow, trained with NEGF+H data, obtains the optimum heterostructure designs that provide the best trade-off between the cooling power of the lattice (CP) and the electron temperature (Te). Using a vast search space of 1.18×105 different device configurations, we obtained a set of optimum devices with prediction relative errors lower than 4% for CP and 1% for Te. The ML workflow reduces the computational resources needed, from two days for a single NEGF+H simulation to 10s to find the optimum designs.
Uncovering the mechanisms of diosmin in treating obesity-related kidney injury based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro validation
Authors: Zhu Jun - Xing , Chu Fan , Zhao Wen - Man , Shi Rui , wang Zhi - Juan , Li Xun - Liang , Zhu Yuyu , Wang De - Guang
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity increases the risk of kidney injury, involving various pathological events such as inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and hemodynamic changes, making it a significant risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Diosmin, a natural flavonoid glycoside, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-lipid, and vasodilatory effects. However, whether diosmin has a protective effect on obesity-related kidney injury remains unclear.
Methods: The molecular formula of diosmin was obtained, and diosmin and target genes related to obesity-related kidney injury were screened. The interaction between overlapping target genes was analyzed. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed on overlapping target genes. Molecular docking was employed to assess the binding strength between overlapping target genes. Palmitic acid induced damage to HK2 cells, which were then treated with diosmin. Subsequently, the expression levels of relevant mRNAs were measured.
Results:Network analysis identified 219 potential diosmin target genes, 6800 potential target genes related to obesity-related kidney injury, and 93 potential overlapping target genes. Protein-protein interaction networks and molecular docking results revealed that AKT1, TNF-α, SRC, EGFR, ESR1, CASP3, MMP9, PPARG, GSK3B, and MMP2 were identified as key therapeutic targets, and they exhibited stable binding with diosmin. GO analysis indicated that these key targets may participate in inflammation, chemical stress, and protein phosphorylation. KEGG revealed that pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and insulin resistance as crucial in treating obesity-related kidney injury. In vitro experiments confirmed that diosmin treatment inhibited the mRNA levels of AKT1, TNF-α, EGFR, ESR1, CASP3, MMP9, GSK3B, and MMP2, while promoting the mRNA level of PPARG.
Conclusion:Diosmin exhibits a potential multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway molecular mechanism in treating obesity-related kidney injury. AKT1, TNF-α, EGFR, ESR1, CASP3, MMP9, PPARG, GSK3B, MMP2 may be the crucial direct targets of diosmin.
Age-Related Exercise Performance in Growing Children and Adolescents Assessed by Peak and Submaximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters
Authors: Kourpas Katerina , Tsuda Takeshi
Published: July 2024

Background Age-related changes in exercise performance during adolescence by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are complex.
Methods Peak and submaximal CPET parameters by cycle ergometer were retrospectively analyzed to characterize how age and sex affect exercise performance.
Results A total of 165 subjects were divided into six groups by their ages: ≤ 11 years old (yo) (24 males, 20 females), 12 to 15 yo (34 males, 41 females), and ≥ 16 yo (27 males, 19 females). Peak heart rate (HR) was comparable among all groups. Peak systolic blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (VO2), peak work rate (WR), peak oxygen pulse (OP), and peak minute ventilation (VE) showed age-dependent increase in both sexes with more progressive increase in males than in females. A submaximal slope value of D[VO2/kg]/DHR and peak OP/kg were comparable in all males but lower in older females (³ 12 yo) than in the younger group. DHR/D[WR/kg], HR dependency, revealed progressive decrease with age in males but were comparable in all females. Regression lines between weight and peak VO2 demonstrated significant age-related increase of slope in males but not in females, suggesting robust age-related skeletal muscle enhancement predominantly in males. Gradual increases in ventilatory efficiency (lower ΔVE/ΔVCO2) and peak respiratory exchange ratio were noted with increase in age independent of sex.
Conclusion Age-related increase in exercise performance during adolescence is complex, characterized by physical growth, sex-dependent pubertal changes, and sex-independent enhanced functional maturation. By incorporating peak and submaximal CPET parameters, underlying physiology of exercise performance may be further explained.
Plant volatile-based fumigation improves mating competitiveness of males for population suppression of the global fruit pest Cydia pomonella
Authors: Huang Sheng-Wang , Wang Peng-Cheng , Wang Yan , Wang Jie-Qiong , Gao Ping , Yang Xue-Qing
Published: July 2024

The implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven effective in the area-wide suppression of several significant agricultural and sanitary pests by employing traditional cobalt-60 (60 Co-γ) as a radiation source. Recently, X-ray has been validated as a feasible alternative to 60 Co-γ radiation sources. Nonetheless, higher doses of X-ray irradiation lead to insect sterility but diminish mating competitiveness, thereby impacting the effectiveness of SIT applications. Thus, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal irradiation dose and develop strategies to enhance the mating competitiveness of sterile insects to enhance SIT efficacy. In this study, we determined the effect of various X-ray irradiation doses (ranging from 0 to 366 Gy) on the fecundity, fertility, and mating competitiveness of Cydia pomonella, a globally invasive fruit pest. Results demonstrated that the sterility rate of sterile males increased proportionally with irradiation dose up to 200 Gy, beyond which it plateaued. Notably, exposure to 200 Gy of irradiation notably decreased the mating competitiveness of male, as evidenced by a mating competitiveness index of 0.17 in laboratory and 0.096 in the orchard. This decline in mating competitiveness is likely linked to the down-regulation of genes associated with the recognition of sex pheromones, specifically CpomOR3a, CpomOR3b, and CpomOR5, following X-ray irradiation. Fumigation of the plant volatile, linalool at varying concentrations (70, 83, and 96 µL/m³) resulted in differential enhancements in male mating competitiveness, with the moderate concentration significantly improving the competitiveness of sterilized males, possibly by restoring their ability to recognize sex pheromones. Implementation of repeated releases of sterilized males on a pilot scale led to a notable reduction in the population of C. pomonella in the field. These findings indicate that fumigation with plant volatiles has the potential to mitigate male sterility induced by X-ray irradiation, offering a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of SIT applications for the control of C. pomonella.
Treatment with a Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor Five Agonist Enhances Recovery of Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis by Promoting Production of Schwann Cell Regeneration Factors
Authors: Uchi Takafumi , Konno Shingo , Kihara Hideo , Fujioka Toshiki
Published: July 2024

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) serves as a model for studying autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. This study investigated the effects of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1Pr5) agonist on EAN recovery and nerve regeneration. Lewis rats with induced EAN were treated with the S1Pr5 agonist A-971432. Clinical scores, cytokine production, and expression of regeneration factors were analyzed. Histological examination of the cauda equina was also performed. Treatment with the S1Pr5 agonist promoted recovery of clinical symptoms in the later stages of EAN. While the agonist did not significantly modulate pathogenic cytokine expression, it enhanced the expression of Jun proto-oncogene and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) mRNA, crucial molecules for peripheral nerve regeneration. Histological analysis revealed increased Shh-positive cells in the nerves of treated rats. These findings suggest that S1Pr5 agonists have the potential to enhance recovery from EAN by promoting nerve regeneration rather than by modulating the inflammatory response. This study provides insights into novel therapeutic approaches for autoimmune peripheral neuropathies, highlighting the role of S1Pr5 in nerve repair processes. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and validate these findings for potential clinical applications.
Predicting medical refractoriness of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: EEG-based parameter optimization and network analysis
Authors: Hwang Sungeun , Shin Youmin , Sunwoo Jun-Sang , Son Hyoshin , Lee Seung-Bo , Chu Kon , Jung Ki-Young , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Young-Gon , Park Kyung-Il
Published: July 2024

The early identification of refractory epilepsy is important to provide surgical treatment. However, limited studies have used electroencephalography (EEG)-based features to predict medical refractoriness. In this study, we employed feature-based machine learning algorithms to analyze resting-state EEG data to predict drug refractoriness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This retrospective observational multicenter study included consecutive unilateral TLE patients treated with monotherapy at the time of the first EEG acquisition. Multiple EEG features were extracted from the EEG. The optimal features and frequencies were identified to predict drug refractoriness. Classification was conducted using random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting models. The features were selected using filter methods and the wrapper method. Graph measurements were compared between the groups. Among the 48 participants, 34 (70.8%) were responsive, while 14 (29.2%) were refractory over a mean follow- up duration of 38.5 months. Coherence feature within the gamma frequency band exhibited the most favorable performance. The light gradient boosting model, employing the mutual information filter-based feature selection method, demonstrated the highest performance (AUROC = 0.821). Interchannel coherence displayed larger values in the refractory epilepsy. Graph theory measurements were higher in the refractory group than in the responsive group. Our study has demonstrated a promising method of identifying the early identification of refractory TLE, a population that may benefit from surgical intervention.
Etch characteristics of maskless Oxide/Nitride/Oxide/Nitride (ONON) stacked structure using C4H2F6-based gas
Authors: Cho Nam Il , Hong Jong Woo , Yoo Hee Jin , Eoh Hyeong Joon , Kim Chan Ho , Jeong Jun Won , Kim Kyung Lim , Kwak Jung Hun , Cho Yong Jun , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: July 2024

Oxide/Nitride/Oxide/Nitride (ONON; SiO2/SiNx/SiO2/SiNx) stacked structure is widely used in the 3D vertical structure of semiconductor cells. Previously, to form a 3D cells, photoresist (PR) was patterned and repeatedly trimmed on the top of ONON after the etching of one ON layer. Due to the time-consuming process of etching layer-by-layer of ON layer, two-step etch processing using C4F8-based or C4F6-based gases composed of maskless ONON stack feature etching and followed one ON layer-by layer etching by PR trimming in the ONON stack feature are employed these days. However, the two-step etching method resulted in poor etch profiles of maskless ONON stack feature in addition to high global warming potential of C4F8 and C4F6. In this study, we investigated the etching of maskless ONON stack feature using C4H2F6-based gas having a low global warming potential and the effects of C4H2F6-based gas on the etch characteristics of maskless ONON stack feature such as etch rate, etch profile, change in critical dimensional (CD), and etch selectivity between SiO2 and SiNx have been investigated. C4H2F6-based gas showed the highest etch rates compared to C4F6 and C4F8-based gases in addition to the etch selectivity of ~1:1 between SiO2 and SiNx due to hydrogen included in the gas structure. In addition, the change in horizontal CD was lower in the order of C4H2F6, C4F6, and C4F8-based gases due to the more effective sidewall passivation in the order of C4F8, C4F6, and C4H2F6-based gases. The thicker carbon-based polymer layer on the sidewall also played an important role in maintaining the shape of the top edge shape of maskless ONON stack feature when etching a line feature in an environment without a mask.
Impacts of COPD Exacerbation History on Mortality and Severe Cardiovascular Events among Patients with COPD in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hou Dongni , Liu Zhike , Li Xinli , Shen Peng , Li Wenhao , Zhang Meng , Cheang IokFai , Lin Hongbo , Zhan Siyan , Sun Feng , Chen Yan , Song Yuanlin
Published: July 2024

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations are associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between COPD exacerbations and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in China.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included Chinese COPD patients aged ≥ 40 years from the Yinzhou regional electronic health records database. Patients were screened for eligibility between 1 Jan 2014 and 1 Mar 2022, with the index date being the first identified COPD diagnosis within this timeframe. Patient characteristics and frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations were collected during the 24-month baseline period prior to the index date. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and severe cardiovascular events. The incidence of death and first severe cardiovascular event was reported overall, and by baseline exacerbation history. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify the association between baseline COPD exacerbation history and all-cause death.
Results
A total of 14,713 COPD patients were included, with a median follow-up duration of 41.3 months. During the follow-up period, 20.1% of patients died, with a crude incidence rate of 5.17 (95% CI: 4.98, 5.36) per 100 person-years. 20.1% of patients experienced severe cardiovascular events. The incidence of severe cardiovascular events increased with higher frequency and severity of baseline COPD exacerbations. Patients with history of severe COPD exacerbations exhibited an increased risk (adjusted HR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.14, 1.38) of all-cause death compared with patients with no exacerbations.
Conclusions
The burden of all-cause death and severe cardiovascular events in COPD patients increased with higher frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using supercritical CO 2 mediated phenolic contents extracted from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf inhibits Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation
Authors: Khandare Kiran , Kumar Shekhar , Sharma Sukesh Chander , Goswami Saswata
Published: July 2024

A large number of scientists are now working in order to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that can be used as biomedicines against cancerous cell lines and bacteria that are resistant to drugs. In the current study, optimal supercritical fluid extract (SFE) of Lagerstroemia speciosa (LS) leaves at pressure 29.59 MPa, temperature 89.50 ºC and extraction time 53.85 min. was used to extract phenolic compounds for the synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesis was studied for 0–20 hrs. Initially the synthesis was confirmed by observing change in colour phenomenon. UV -spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles (SFELS-AgNPs) demonstrated a maximum surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm. The crystallite dimension of nanoparticles was determined using XRD (13.47 nm), TEM results confirmed the diameter of the obtained silver nanoparticles between 8–20 nm. The nanoparticles possessed − 25.6 mV electric charge on the surface confirmed using zeta potential analyser. Furthermore, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), was used to analyze the presence of differential elements in generated materials. The developed nanoparticles were evaluated for their potential antimicrobial properties against, two gram-positive viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, and three gram-negative bacteria viz. Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with different concentrations (100–400 µg/mL). The nanoparticle showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 µg/ml whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 128 µg/ml against K. pneumonia. They significantly inhibited K. pneumonia biofilm formation confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were encouraging compared to the standards drug Chloramphenicol and other controls. The generated nanoparticles have highly effective antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria.
Qualification of flavonoids of three sorghum bran varieties by untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Santos Mariely Cristine Dos , Tanaka Naoki , Kasuga Shigemitu , Tanabe Kazuhiro , Hayashi Chihiro , Mizuno Masahiro , Amano Yoshihiko
Published: July 2024

Sorghum bicolor is a source of many bioactive components, such as polyphenols. Those components are present especially in its bran, which is often removed in industrial processes through decortication. In that sense, this work aimed to analyze the polyphenol content, especially free flavonoids, from the bran of a newly developed variety compared to other commercially available varieties. The samples were white sorghum TDN® Sorgho, red sorghum Mini Sorgho, and the newly developed red sorghum RILN-156. First, the decortication was done to obtain the bran samples and those were triturated and then sieved. An untargeted metabolomics analysis (with LC/MS and CE/MS) was done to analyze the different components and identify the free flavonoids. For the general quantification analysis, instead of quantifying by target analysis, colorimetric methods were used to validate the metabolomics analysis. For this, the polyphenol content was extracted with 70% methanol. The antioxidant potential was also investigated using a DPPH assay. The results have shown that the flavonoid content was significant in these samples, especially in the newly developed RILN-156, with 19 flavonoids identified. RILN-156 also presented higher antioxidant capacity than the conventional varieties, a promising finding for its use to prevent chronic diseases, which will be further investigated.
Effects of biochar on the growth, physiology and heavy metal uptake of Trifolium pratense L. in Pb-contaminated soil
Authors: Mu Meiqi , Nie Wanting , Zhao Siwen , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Zicheng , Wu Yuchen , Zheng Lina , Wang Zhaoming , Cui Guowen , Yin Xiujie
Published: July 2024

Biochar is an inexpensive and effective material that can immobilize heavy metals. However, the impact of varying levels of biochar application on red clover cultivated in soil contaminated with Pb remains unclear. In this study, five different doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%) were applied to soils containing two levels of Pb (LPb, 1000 mg/kg; HPb, 5000 mg/kg) to assess the growth, physiological characteristics, and heavy metal enrichment capacity of red clover. Pb stress dramatically slowed down plant development, decreased the amount of photosynthetic pigment, and caused oxidative damage, according to the results of pot tests. However, the addition of biochar mitigated Pb toxicity in red clover by effectively adsorbing Pb from soil and reducing Pb translocation to plant tissues. Specifically, red clover growth was significantly enhanced by the addition of 5% biochar to soil contaminated with either low- or high-level Pb. This resulted in an increase in plant biomass, stimulated the upregulation of LHCA1 and CCS genes, and facilitated the production of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, it increased antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing proline accumulation. This work offers a theoretical foundation for the remediation of Pb-contaminated soils using plants and biochar.
Use of a newly developed minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system in the treatment of pathological pelvic fractures: A case series
Authors: Unthan Mark , Marintschev Ivan , Spiegel Christian , Hofmann Gunther O. , Weschenfelder Wolfram
Published: July 2024

Background
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) and its complications have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Pathological fractures are a particular problem as they affect patient mobility and pose a high risk of non-union. The pelvis is frequently affected by MBD and its fixation is challenging. We present a case series of three pathological sacral fractures treated with a new minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system.
Case presentation
Case 1 and 2 suffered a pathological transforaminal sacral fracture without adequate trauma in stage 4 carcinomas (gastric cancer and breast cancer). Both were initially treated with non-surgical treatment, which had only a limited effect and led to imminent immobility. Both were operated on with fluoroscopic navigation and underwent transsacral SACRONAIL® stabilisation according to CT morphology (S1 + S2 and S1 respectively). Immediately after the operation, pain decreased and mobilisation improved.
Case 3 had a pathological transalar sacral fracture during the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He soon became immobile and could only move in a wheelchair. The operation was performed with CT navigation due to the very small corridors and an implant was inserted in S1 and S2. The patient reported immediate pain relief and his ability to walk improved over the following months. Despite continued chemotherapy, no wound complications occurred.
Conclusions
The cases show the advantages of the minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system SACRONAIL® in the treatment of patients with pathological sacral fractures. It allows immediate full weight bearing and the risk of secondary surgical complications is low. All cases showed an improvement in pain scores and mobility.
Hepatotoxic effects of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) after short exposure on adult zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Oliveira Breno Raul Freitas , Neto José Ribamar Soares , Davico Carla Eliana , Moreira Daniele Hummel , Pinheiro Lucas Cezar , Pereira Aline Guimarães , Izídio Geison Souza
Published: July 2024

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide widely used around the world. It has been detected in water samples, with a half-life ranging from 15 to 300 days depending on environmental conditions. This study aimed to assess the effects of short-term exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D on the liver of Danio rerio (zebrafish) through histopathological and histochemical analyses, as well as markers related to oxidative stress. The results revealed structural and vascular lesions in the livers of zebrafish across all groups exposed to 2,4-D (at concentrations of 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L). Analysis of the Histopathological Alteration Index suggests severe (3.0 mg/L) or moderate (0.03 and 0.3 mg/L) liver impairment in zebrafish exposed to 2,4-D. Exposure to the herbicide also led to a reduction in acid polysaccharides (0.03 and 3.0 mg/L) and glutathione (GSH) levels (at concentrations of 0.03 and 3.0 mg/L), and increased levels of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (at concentrations of 0.03 and 0.3 mg/L). No significant changes in lipid peroxidation levels were observed. These findings suggest that just 7 days of exposure to permissible concentrations of 2,4-D (0.03 mg/L) or higher (0.3 and 3.0 mg/L) can have a detrimental impact on biochemical, histochemical, and histopathological parameters in the liver of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
A solid composite electrolyte poly(PEGDA-co-AN)/ LiTFSI/nano SiO2 with high conductivity and high entropy structure and its Li+ transport behavior
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wu Xiao , Peng Shunjin
Published: July 2024

Using solid electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes to assemble all solid state batteries can effectively solve the problem of electrolyte leakage and reduce risks caused by lithium dendrite growth during charging and discharging processes, which is capable to improving the safety of lithium battery. Solid polymer electrolytes have been widely studied in consideration of the factors, such as flexible structural design, convenient preparation, low cost, good interface contact with electrodes, and ease of large-scale production. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymers have a good salvation for most lithium salts, but PEO segments in polymers have high crystallinity at room temperature and a narrow Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW), which will limit some advanced electrode materials with high potential used in batteries and restricts the improvement of battery performance as well. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with high dielectric constant has high electrochemical and thermal stability, good mechanical processing properties, and excellent fire retardancy. In this manuscript, a cross-linked copolymer, poly (PEGDA-co-AN) is prepared using Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and Acrylonitrile (AN) as monomers and 2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a thermal initiator; the influence of Lewis acid-base interaction between nano SiO2 additive and -C≡N or C-O-C on Li+ transport has been investigated, and a new idea was proposed to improve the lithium ion transport in poly (PEGDA-co-AN) based polymer composite electrolytes by adjusting the local charge environment of polymer electrolytes. Finally, a composite polymer electrolyte poly (PEGDA-co-AN)/LiTFSI/nano SiO2 with high entropy structure and high conductivity has been designed and fabricated, and it exhibits a room temperature ionic conductivity of 3.5×10−3 S cm−1, Li+ transference number of 0.58, and the electrochemical stability window greater than 5 V.
A Deep Sentiment Analysis Model Incorporating Multidimensional User Information
Authors: Su Yaning , Li Yuxiang , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: July 2024

Addressing the limitations of single-dimensional classification in traditional sentiment analysis and the lack of inter-task correlation between linear layers in multidimensional classification,this paper proposes a user sentiment analysis model based on multi-dimensional information fusion(MDIF-SAM). First,based on the TopicBERT topic classification model,a multi-dimensional information interaction fusion network is introduced to realize the double classification of user's comment information in category dimension and sentiment dimension, and the data of the same class-sentiment is aggregated to form a specific class-sentiment small sample text set after classification;then, keywords are extracted from the aggregated specific small sample text set, and the relevance of each keyword set is calculated and sorted to generate the main keyword set with no repetition and strong correlation,which achieves a deep analysis of user sentiment and enables merchants to gain insights into users' needs and feelings through the generated keyword set.Verified on two real open source datasets online-shopping and dmsc-v2, the accuracy of MDIF-SAM in category and sentiment classification is 92.23% and 95.23%, the precision is 93.22% and 94.92%, and the F1 value is 91.24%, and a recall of 90% and 94.9%, respectively. Compared with the four models BERT, TopicBERT, ALBERT and RoBERTa, the indicators are significantly improved, and the correlation between keywords extracted by MDIF-SAM and the original text is more than 82.5%. Based on the results of experimental comparisons of real-world cases,the proposed model can provide in-depth analysis and insight into user emotion.