bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Animal Development Practicum Guide Based on Science Process Skills Embryogenesis Observation Material
Authors: Chaniago Annisa Rahma Dieni , Kartika Winda Dwi , Siburian Jodion
Published: April 2023

This development research aims to develop practical guidelines for animal development based on science process skills on embryogenesis observation material. This study uses a 4D development model which is carried out in 4 stages, namely: 1) the define stage defines the product requirements to be developed. 2) the design stage (design) designing prototypes and storyboards on the guide. 3) the development stage is realizing the storyboard then validating the feasibility of the product which is carried out by material experts and media experts. 4) the dissemination stage was only carried out in a large group trial. Trials were conducted to find out student responses to the guidelines developed, trials were conducted on 92 students who contracted animal development courses. Based on the data analysis, it was obtained that the average material validation was 86.03%, and the media validation was 95.72%, the average percentage of student responses was 85.23%, so it can be concluded that the practicum guide is feasible to use..
Development of Ecology Material Biology Modules Based Problem Solving
Authors: Bare Yohanes , Daplawi Maria Novita , Tematan Yohanes Boli
Published: April 2023

The improvement of the learning process is carried out by innovating, one of which is the development of learning media in the field of Biology. The developed media is in the form of modules that are integrated with problem solving models on ecological materials. The purpose of this research is the Development of Problem Solving-Based Biology Learning Module on Ecological Materials. This research model is a research and development (Research & Development) which aims to develop a problem-solving biology-based learning module on ecological materials. Research and development R&D is the process used to develop and validate products. This research procedure uses the development model developed by Thiagarajan namely define, design, development and dissemination.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIGITAL LITERACY ABILITY WITH STUDENTS' COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Azzahro Fathia Zaitun , Norra Bunga Ihda , Achmad Chusnul Adib
Published: April 2023

The development of technology and information in the 21st century affects all components of life, which makes people make sudden transitions. Digital literacy is urgently needed in the world of education to equip students' abilities and skills in 21st century learning. The ability needed is a person's ability to use digital technology and information appropriately and responsibly. However, the rapid development of technology has a negative impact on its users. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between digital literacy skills and students' cognitive learning outcomes. This type of research is correlational quantitative. The population of this study was class XI MAN Temanggung with a total of 182 students. The sampling technique with simple random sampling was 72 students of class XI MIPA. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, tests, interviews and documentation. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between digital literacy skills and the cognitive learning outcomes of Temanggung MAN students in excretion system material with a significant value of 0.307 > 0.05.
(Mis)Understandings of defence diplomacy as public diplomacy: Insights from three Spanish elites
Authors: Bueno Alberto
Published: April 2023

Defence diplomacy and public diplomacy are two diplomatic practices often treated in the literature as two disconnected realms. While the former focuses on the peaceful and cooperative use of armed forces, the latter emphasizes on the advancement of strategic communication in the international policy of actors. However, it is possible to bridge the differences between the two using the concept of soft power. By doing so, defence public diplomacy can be understood as a set of practices developed by states seeking to influence and attract third states while employing military force within these parameters. This paper contributes firstly to the conceptual debate bridging both types of diplomacies. Secondly, it selects a case study, Spain, to examine the perceptions of three different Spanish elites involved in the formulation and implementation of defence public policy: politicians, the military and defence industry managers. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews, focus groups with experts, and manual content analysis of primary documentary sources. The results show that these elites agree on the importance of defence diplomacy for the achievement of state goals but continue to understand it fundamentally from a classical diplomatic prism. They also discuss the inclusion of new concepts, such as deterrence, as part of a defence public diplomacy.
De Córdoba a Nicea: Osio en la política eclesiástica constantiniana
Authors: Vilella-Massana Josep
Published: April 2023

A partir del estudio analítico-comparativo de un extenso acervo documental que, con frecuencia, plantea complejas cuestiones exegéticas, se valoran y fijan, debidamente contextualizados y hasta la finalización del primer concilio ecuménico, los datos relativos a Osio, obispo de Córdoba. El conocimiento de su decurso vital, estrechamente vinculado con la política constantiniana de intervención uniformadora en los asuntos clericales, permite una mejor y más exacta comprensión de la historia eclesiástica de su época. Tras precisarse su actuación en el cisma donatista, se examinan las relevantes intervenciones que lleva a cabo en el Oriente recién supeditado a Constantino. Insertas, básicamente, en el extenso y poliédrico conflicto arriano, éstas ponen de manifiesto que, desde el principio, Osio toma partido por el obispo alejandrino. Así se colige de su estancia, como comisionado imperial, tanto en Alejandría como en Antioquía, ciudades en las cuales preside sendos sínodos y lleva a cabo otros cometidos: resulta reveladora la redacción, al menos en parte, por Osio de la epístola sinodal antioquena, la cual además evidencia la autoridad que entonces revestía. Respecto al sínodo general, convocado por el regente al constatar la imposibilidad de la reconciliación entre Alejandro y Arrio, se expone su transcurso y la posición encumbrada que en él siguió teniendo el hispano, a pesar de que el presidente de la asamblea fuera Constantino, a quien, sin embargo, substituiría con frecuencia.
Grace Davie / Lucian N. Leuștean (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2022, 880 pp.
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Olivier Grenouilleau, Christianisme et esclavage, Gallimard, Paris 2021, 535 pp.
Authors: Andrés-Gallego José
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Manfredi Merluzzi / Gaetano Sabatini/ Flavia Tudini (eds.), La Vergine contesa: Roma, l’Immacolata Concezione e l’universalismo della Monarchia Cattolica (secc. XVII-XIX), Viella, Roma 2022, 464 pp.
Authors: Sol-Rodríguez Román
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Eloy Tejero, De la Iglesia de los ritos a la Iglesia de los territorios (años 313 al 896), EUNSA, Pamplona 2022, 307 pp.
Authors: Lop-Otín María-José
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Junghun Bae, John Chrysostom: On Almsgiving and the Therapy of the Soul, Brill, Leiden 2021, 207 pp.
Authors: González-Alonso Pablo
Published: April 2023

Book Review
John Henry Newman, La Iglesia de los Padres, Encuentro, Madrid 2022, 231 pp.
Authors: García-Ruiz Víctor
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Emanuela Prinzivalli / Manlio Simonetti, La teología de los primeros cristianos (siglos I al V), Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, Madrid 2021, 603 pp.
Authors: Caballero-García Juan-Luis
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Manuel Alejandro Rodríguez de la Peña, Imperios de crueldad: La Antigüedad Clásica y la inhumanidad, Encuentro (Col. Nuevo Ensayo, 99), Madrid 2022, 607 pp.
Authors: Andreu-Pintado Javier
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Jared Secord, Christian intellectuals and the Roman Empire: From Justin Martyr to Origen, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park 2020, 202 pp.
Authors: Larequi-Fontaneda Javier
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Giovanna Casagrande / Maria Luisa Cianini Pierotti / Amilcare Conti / Pierantonio Piatti (eds.), La Santa delle due città: Colomba tra Rieti e Perugia nel contesto europeo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana (Coll. Atti e Documenti del Pontificio Comitato di Scienze Storiche, 62), Città del Vaticano 2022, LVIII + 1361 pp.
Authors: Nerbano Mara
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Thomas F. Coffey / Maryjane Dunn (ed.), The Sermons and Liturgy of Saint James: Book One of the Liber Sancti Jacobi, Italica Press (Col. The Compostela Project), New York / Bristol 2021, 566 pp.
Authors: Ferreiro Alberto
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Marc Agostino (ed.), Santa Sede e Cattolici nel mondo postbellico 1918-1922: Raccolta di Studi nel centenario della conclusione della Prima Guerra Mondiale, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 2020, 683 pp.
Authors: De-Lara-Vázquez Juan-M.
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Ariane Boltanski / Marie-Lucie Copete (eds.), L’Église des laïcs: Le sacré en partage (XVIe-XXe siècle), Casa de Velázquez, Madrid 2021, 419 pp.
Authors: Escobedo-Romero Rafael
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Valentin Favrie / Charles Mercier / Christian Sorrel, Cent ans de gouvernement de l’Église catholique en France : De l’Assemblée des cardinaux et archevêques à la Conférence des évêques (1919-2019), Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2022, 296 pp.
Authors: Casas-Rabasa Santiago
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Iván Illich, La Iglesia sin poder: Ensayos 1955-1985, Valentina Borremans y Sajay Samuel (eds.), Trotta, Madrid 2021, 244 pp.
Authors: Rosales-Meana Diego-I.
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Ángel Martínez Cuesta, Historia de los Agustinos Recoletos (vol. III: El siglo XX, tomo I: 1898-1948), Avgvstinvs, Madrid 2021, 1028 pp.
Authors: Eguiarte-Bendímez Enrique-A.
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Marco Novarino, Evangelici e liberimuratori nell’Italia liberale (1859-1914), Claudiana, Torino 2021, 543 pp.
Authors: De-Lara-Vázquez Juan-M.
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Antón M. Pazos, Las reliquias de Santiago: Documentos fundamentales de la Reinventio de 1879, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Santiago de Compostela 2021, 415 pp.
Authors: García-Iglesias José-Manuel
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Roberto Regoli / Matteo Sanfilippo (eds.), La Santa Sede, gli Stati Uniti e le relazioni internazionali durante il pontificato di Pio XII: Studi dopo l’apertura degli Archivi Vaticani (1939-1958), Studium, Roma 2022, 302 pp.
Authors: De-Lara-Vázquez Juan-M.
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Andrea Gamberini, Inferni medievali: Dipingere il mondo dei morti per orientare la società dei vivi, Viella, Roma 2021, 214 pp.
Authors: Alviar J.-José
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Rafael García Mahíques (dir.),Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana: 7. Antigua Alianza: I. Los Patriarcas, Encuentro, Madrid 2022, 884 pp.
Authors: Azanza-López José-Javier
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Jorge Alberto Jordán (coord.), La Merced en Sevilla y su provincia: Miscelánea de estudios en el VIII Centenario de su Fundación, Diputación de Sevilla, Sevilla 2021, 278 pp.
Authors: Vallecillo-López Carmen
Published: April 2023

Book Review
Monitoring assessment of the low-pressure earthen dam of the Varnavinsky reservoir under conditions of an increasing risk of natural and man-made disasters
Authors: Bandurin M. A , Volosukhin V. A , Prikhodko I. A , Rudenko A. A
Published: April 2023

The need for increased attention to the reliability and safety of hydraulic structures in the water management complex of southern Russia is determined by the scale of the socio-economic consequences of their accidents. During the long-term operation of the low-pressure earthen dam of the Varnavinsky reservoir, various hidden defects and damages were formed. Which in the future can lead to a man-made disaster. The threat of catastrophic floods with the formation of hidden defects and damage will lead to natural disasters, namely the destruction of the dam body. The identification of these hidden defects and damages is a priority task in assessing the technical condition of the body of an earthen dam. The article considers only two methods of non-destructive testing for the detection of hidden defects and damage. Methods of electrocontact dynamic sounding and seismic exploration. They make it possible to obtain the electrical resistivity of soils when subdividing a section according to a lithological feature. As a result of data processing and interpretation, the geoelectric section of the electrical resistivity of soils was obtained. Applied hardware and methodological complex allowed to solve the tasks. The advantage of the complex is its methodological mobility. After a short experimental and methodological work and express processing, it is possible to clearly orient and combine the capabilities of the instrumentation complex and the engineering-geological situation in order to obtain the maximum quality and at the lowest cost of time and money. Studies of low-pressure earth dams should be carried out in the monitoring mode at various water levels in the reservoir. As can be seen from the results of processing, the geophysical complex of non-destructive testing makes it possible to study earth dams with the determination of soil parameters. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of soils, a greater amount of work should be carried out using reference drilling wells and identifying correlation dependencies of parameters.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURABILITY AND POROSITY STRUCTURE OF FACE BRICKS OVER A HUNDRED YEARS OLD (VILLAGE OF ROZHDESTVENO, SAMARA REGION)
Authors: Abdrakhimov V. Z
Published: April 2023

The object of the study is a ceramic sample taken from the wall of a distillery built in 1896 in the village of Rozhdestveno, Samara region, with an age of more than 120 years. Studies have shown that the sample under study contains an increased amount of carbon (C = 9.48). Obviously, this is due to the fact that low-melting clay with a high organic content was used as a binder (clay raw material), or a burn-out additive was introduced into the karmic mass, for example finely ground coal (no more than 1 mm in size). The burnout additive not only increases the porosity of the products, but also promotes firing inside the material and uniform sintering of ceramics. It was found that the increased content of alkali oxides in the ceramic sample (R2O > 3.5 %) contributes to the formation of a liquid phase in the temperature range of 950-1000 oC, which flows into small pores, and thereby reduces the porosity of the product. It was revealed that three types of pores are mostly found in ceramic bricks: slit-shaped, isometric and oval-shaped pores, in the studied sample the pores are mainly oval (rounded) in shape. Integral and differential porograms of the studied samples obtained by mercury porometry showed that the total volume of micropores ranging in size from 10-4 to 10-8 m is 0.157 cm3/g. The differential distribution of micropores, depending on their size, is as follows, %: 10-4 - 10-5 m - 27; 10-5 - 10-6 m - 24; 10-6 - 10-7 m - 24; 10-7-10-8 m - 25. Dangerous pores in ceramic materials are capillary pores with a size of 10-6 - 10-7 m. The content of "dangerous" micropores in the studied sample is 24 %, and the content of such "dangerous" pores in wall ceramics is in the range of 40-60 %.
Experimental modeling of thermophysical processes on de-icing cornices using solar radiation energy
Authors: Myrzina S. M , Ozerova K. V , Zverev O. M , Perminov A. V
Published: April 2023

Removing icicles from the roofs of buildings is a major problem for most cities. The paper provides an overview of a large number of patented methods and devices for combating icicles and ice on the eaves of roofs. However, there are very few really manufactured and tested products. The aim of the work was to test experimental samples of anti-icing cornices using solar radiation energy in artificially created conditions. For thermophysical experiments, more than 30 models of cornices were made from different materials with different paint coatings. During the experiments, it was found that the black color RAL 9005 has the greatest absorption capacity, and the gray graphite RAL 7074 is very close to it. The blue RAL 5005 and green RAL 6029 have a lower absorption capacity. The red RAL 3000 has a noticeably lower absorption capacity than blue and green. The least heated in the sun was the white RAL 9003 cornice model and galvanized steel. The dependence of the absorption capacity of cornices on the degree of their roughness and the method of applying the paint coating is not revealed. Due to the energy of solar radiation, anti-icing cornices can have a temperature 40-45 °C above the ambient temperature. Even in the shade, the temperature of the black cornices exceeds the ambient temperature by 4-5 °C. The wind blowing at an average speed of 2.5 m/s reduces the temperature difference between the experimental cornices and the air in the shade by about 2 times. The presence of a stretch film on the part of the cornice that will be placed under the roof allows you to reduce heat loss by one and a half to two times.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES ON THE CONTOURS OF SINGLE UNDERGROUND HORIZONTAL WORKINGS OF VARIOUS CROSS-SECTIONS SUBJECTED TO ALL-ROUND UNIFORM PRESSURE
Authors: Ushakov A. N
Published: April 2023

The formula for normal tangential stresses for single underground workings of different cross-sectional shapes, located at a given depth, with all-round tensile uniform pressure applied at the points of the contours of the workings, is derived. As a mapping function is considered a function of complex variable, which is a polynomial of natural degree n with a pole of first order in zero, allowing the construction of various families of simple closed curves, simulating configurations of the contours of underground workings. Examples are given of contours whose cross-section has the form of a straight and inverse trapezoid, triangle, vaults with vertical and sloping walls, rhombus, rectangle, square and ellipse. Based on the method proposed by the author, the coefficients of the polynomial of the seventh degree, which performs conformal mapping of the interior of a unit circle on a plane with a trapezoidal hole of a given dimensions, are calculated. The stress state of constructed workings at the points of its contour at different depths of laying, the values of the all-round tensile uniform pressure at two fixed values of the lateral expansion coefficient of the rock is investigated. The graphical representations of the stress acting on the contour of the working in question are given. The obtained results can be used to solve problems of determining the permissible depths of mine workings and calculating the values of permissible values of uniform pressure in the points of their contours. The criterion for determining the values of these values is the condition of absence of points on the contours of workings, in which the normal tangential stresses exceeding the limits of tensile and compressive strength of the host rock.
Altruism and Patience in Choices between Financial Losses – Experimental Findings
Authors: Karbowski Adam , Wiśnicki Bartłomiej
Published: April 2023

In this empirical study (n = 102), the authors set out to investigate the relation between altruism (measured with the use of individual social discounting rates) and patience (measured with the use of delays) under the conditions of financial losses. Thanks to the titration algorithm by Holt et al. (2003), and the Area Under the Curve indicator by Myerson et al. (2001), the study could apply discounting procedures to assess the altruism and patience of individuals. It was found that altruism and patience can be but do not have to be positively correlated in the domain of economic losses. It turns out that the occurrence of a positive correlation between altruism and patience (as often reported in the behavioural economics literature devoted to economic gains) depends on the temporal structure of the discounting task (temporal context of choice). When both the loss for the decision maker and another person from the social distance scale is delayed (shifted in time), positive correlations between altruism and patience are not observed. The latter finding is novel and nuances the behavioural economics knowledge on the relation between altruism and patience in economic choices.
Zatrudnienie w województwach Polski w 2020 roku – pierwszy rok pandemii
Authors: Markowska Małgorzata , Strahl Danuta
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment level, gender-wise, in Poland’s provinces.Research Design & Methods: The “triple 2’s” method is used to estimate the tendencies in the employment level observed until 2019, which are compared with the real values in 2020. Forecasts are calculated with trend function, autoregression models and simple dynamic indices. Forecasting errors are standardised by standard error of estimation.Findings: The dynamics of the total employment in Poland’s provinces as well as employment dynamics in groups of sections are analysed. The following groups of economic activity are considered: 1) agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishery, 2) industry and construction, 3) trade; automotive services; transport, warehouse management; accommodation, gastronomy; information and communication, 4) finance, insurance; real estate, 5) and other services. The number of employees is expressed per population in productive age (18–64 for men, and 18–59 for women). Changes observed in 2020 are compared to forecasts from trends estimated for 2013–2019 period.Implications / Recommendations: The “triple 2’s” method makes it possible to identify interventions in employment time series. The labour market’s reaction to the pandemic differed by province and group of economic activity sections. In half of provinces, employment varied among both men and women. In three provinces (Lubelskie, Podlaskie, Zachodniopomorskie) the women’s rates varied significantly less while in two (Mazowieckie, Pomorskie), no impact was revealed. Interestingly, in some cases the interventions were positive.Contribution: First analysis in such design plus modification of “triple 2’s” rule. Identification of changes in the dynamics of the total employment rate, by gender, and by section group in the first year of the pandemic.
Rola orientacji przedsiębiorczej w kształtowaniu wyników mikro-, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Suder Marcin
Published: April 2023

Objective: To identify the configuration of the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness), which lead to high enterprise performance; to identify differences in this regard between micro, small and medium-sized enterprises.Research Design & Methods: The study employed a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). This method was applied separately for three types of enterprises – micro, small and medium-sized. The research used data obtained from 430 companies operating in Poland’s Małopolska region.Findings: The results showed that two combinations of factors – risk-taking with proactivity and proactiveness with innovativeness – can lead to improved performance in small enterprises. In medium-sized enterprises, the combination of proactiveness and innovativeness can improve results. The combination of risk-taking and proactiveness leads to higher results in micro-enterprises.Implications / Recommendations: The results confirm the importance of an entrepreneurial orientation and its various dimensions in improving company performance. In addition, the results indicate that the combinations of factors leading to high performance differ depending on company size.Contribution: The study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on a firm’s performance and the functioning of SMEs.
Myśliciel strategiczny – pomiar cech i profilowanie
Authors: Piórkowska Katarzyna , Lichtarski Janusz Marek , Mazurek Edyta , Witek-Crabb Anna
Published: April 2023

Objective: To present a multidimensional scale for identifying strategic thinkers and profiling strategists.Research Design & Methods: The multi-method approach used included a systematic literature review, qualitative studies (biographical and IDI’s), and quantitative research (a survey).Findings: First, the systematic literature review conceptualised and operationalised a multi-dimensional construct of strategic thinking. Second, biographic studies confirmed and illustrated the differences in five dimensions of strategic thinking, which had been identified in the interviews. Finally, the scale of strategic thinking was validated through a survey.Implications / Recommendations: The research presented on identifying differences in strategic thinking and the types of strategic thinkers confirmed a multidimensional construct of strategic thinking and finally validated a measurement scale. The scale of strategic thinking makes it possible to develop the profiles and typology of strategic thinkers.Contribution: The research results contribute to the development of strategic management theory. The five-dimensional scale of strategic thinking, which reveals the differences in strategic thinking, integrates other concepts used to conceptualise and measure strategic thinking.
A Survey on Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions of the High School Credit System in Special Schools
Authors: Cho Younghee , Mun Hyunmi ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the overall perception and needs of special school teachers on the high school credit system in special schools. Additionally, this study seeks to examine the difference in perception between the head teachers of curriculum and the teachers ahead of the application of the high school credit system. The survey was conducted targeting 283 special education teachers across the country on the perception of the main contents and operation direction of the high school credit system, as well as the expected difficulties and necessary supports when introducing the high school credit system for special schools. As a result, special education teachers noted that they had a moderate understanding of the main contents of the high school credit system, while the head teachers had a significantly higher understanding than teachers. Regarding the operation direction of the high school credit system for special schools, special teachers recognized that differentiated guidelines should be prepared according to the curriculum operated by special schools, and that the difference between the two groups was not significant. Additionally, special education teachers expressed concerns about the development of elective subjects for students with severe and multiple disabilities, support for course registration, and safety issues when operating elective curriculum and joint curriculum; the head teachers were more aware of these issues than teachers. Last, for the high school credit system for special schools, special teachers needed close support from schools, the Education offices, and the Ministry of Education, while the head teachers had higher demands for support than teachers. Based on the results, the implications of the high school credit system for special schools and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.
Machine and Deep Learning Studies for Cyberbullying Detection
Authors: YAKUT Mümin Ferhat , ŞAHİN Çağrı , ATAY Yılmaz
Published: April 2023

The internet revolution in society has various effects on our daily life such as the use of social media. While social media is ubiquitous and great in some aspects, it brings a new issue that appears more and more in today’s world. This new issue, Cyberbullying, involves harming someone by posting or sharing content that causes feelings of embarrassment, guilt, or humiliation. Easily creating fake social media accounts with fake identity further increase cyberbullying incidents and encourages cyberbullies. Cyberbullying can affect people both mentally and physically and can lead to permanent problems. However, studies in this area show that cyberbullying can be prevented. In this study, we review machine learning techniques to detect and prevent cyberbullying, evaluate the performances of the machine and deep learning models, and examine factors that affect the performance of the models. We also discuss the importance of data preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and classification processes in cyberbullying detection problems.
From State to Social Actors in Extremism Prevention: A State of the Art
Authors: Martini Alice , Fernández de Mosteyrín Laura
Published: April 2023

This article presents a review of the academic literature (2005-2020) analyzing the policies for the prevention of extremism implemented in the European Union. Based on a review of the works published in the WOS, we reflect on the pillars composing these practices. To present the results of the literature review, the EU Radicalisation Awareness Network’s structure (RAN) is used (its working groups and topic-oriented organization). It is concluded that the preventive paradigm relies on the enlistment of social actors (from the field of social policy and organized civil society). Some challenges and blind spots of this approach are pointed out.

 

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura reciente (2005-2020) sobre las políticas de prevención del extremismo implementadas en la Unión Europea. A partir de los trabajos publicados en la Web of Science, se propone una reflexión sobre los pilares en los que descansan las prácticas de prevención. Se utiliza la estructura de trabajo de la Red Europea RAN (sus áreas temáticas y grupos de trabajo) para organizar los resultados de la revisión. Se concluye que el paradigma preventivo descansa sobre el reclutamiento de actores sociales (del campo de la política social y de la sociedad civil organizada) y se presentan algunos desafíos  y cegueras de este enfoque.
Section 30P of the Pension Funds Act: A Review, Appeal or What?
Authors: Marumoagae Motseotsile Clement
Published: April 2023

Section 30P of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956 (hereafter PFA) is an important procedural tool that allows those dissatisfied with the Pension Funds Adjudicator's determinations to apply to the High Court for such determinations to be set aside. This article discusses this section and demonstrates that neither the legislature nor the courts have provided clarity on whether what is intended by this section is an appeal, a review or a reconsideration of determinations of the Pension Funds Adjudicator. It also illustrates the confusion that has been created by the courts with the High Court referring to this procedure as sui generis and the Supreme Court of Appeal, without referring to previous High Court decisions, referring to this procedure as an appeal in the wide sense. In this article a reflection on whether these two formulations are synonymous or if there is a need to settle for only one of them will be made. Furthermore, a call for judicial reconsideration of the applicability of the Plascon-Evan Rule in section 30P applications will be made in this article.
Addressing the Refugee Problem in the Early of 21st Century by UNCHR
Authors: Khairi Aizat , Mohd Arshad Mohd Ramlan , Ajis Mohd Na’eim
Published: April 2023

UNHCR as an international UN agency that focuses on helping to deal with international refugee problems has faced bitter challenges as early as the 21st century. This is due to the financial problems faced by UNHCR and also the change in refugee trends as a result of internal conflicts in certain countries. UNHCR's main challenge during this era is to fend off the accusations of the international community in the refugee destination country's negative perception of this group. Thus, UNHCR's approach changes in line with international political currents by strengthening the element of responsibility to protect. This approach is to strengthen the protection of refugees in the country of destination and UNHCR also cooperates with the government in the country of destination in terms of finance, mobilization, registration and resettlement. This effort is seen as potentially helping to deal with the refugee problem collectively and continuously until this issue is successfully resolved comprehensively.
In Memoriam Lieutenant Colonel Professor Ahmad Ghazali Abu Hassan (1956-2022)
Authors: Koon Teh Yik , Gopinath Aruna Dewi , Omar Ariffin S.M
Published: April 2023

In this obituary note, we dedicate our thoughts to the late Lieutenant Colonel Professor Ahmad Ghazali Abu Hassan (1956-2022), who recently passed away in December 2022. His demise in December 2022 is a significant loss to the nation and academia, especially in Defence and Strategic Studies. To many of us who believed in him, we know he cared for all, irrespective of race, creed or religion. Every footprint he has left behind becomes an imprint in our lives. His memory will live on in the hearts and minds of his friends, colleagues, students and others he had inspired. May his soul rest in peace.
A Call for Cultural Adaptation for Eating Disorders: A Framework for Men with Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Hines Rachel , Litherland Gideon
Published: April 2023

This article addresses the need for culturally adaptive frameworks for evidence-based interventions for eating disorders (EDs). EDs impact culturally diverse populations. Limits to current research and clinical practice are examined, which include the misguided presumption that EDs predominantly impact primarily young, White, female clients. This article explores the manifestation of EDs and disordered eating symptoms among men, while noting the systemic underrepresentation of men in ED research. Implications of this review highlight the need for evidence-based care for men and boys with EDs and the role of cultural adaptation frameworks in developing an evidence-based dialectical behavior therapy intervention for male clients with bulimia nervosa.
The analysis of the watered engine oil sludge
Authors: Kolunin Alexander V.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Researches in the field of engine oils sludging take its origin from 1955. Scientists from different countries were searching for the reasons, defining consequences, building a chain of cause-effect links. Researchers have found that sludge represents a complex of compounds with low aggregative stability, such as: the additives inserted into a basis during production, partially oxidised fuel fractions subjected to thermal destruction, products of thermo-oxidative transformations of oil hydrocarbons. A number of factors stimulate transient processes of products with low aggregative stability. One of these factors is presence of water. Water may penetrate through ambient air, during engine service (washing), and as a result of condensation processes during operation at low temperature mode. Strengthening intermolecular interactions of compounds, water initiates sludging.
AIMS: Verification of the hypothesis about the binding effect of water on the composite package of additives, the content of which is determined by their indicator elements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions. Production engine oils were watered intentionally in order to obtain sludge. Mixes of engine oils with water were made in different proportions. The formed sludge was separated from the mixes for the further research.
The search of the elements-indicators of additives in the analytical sample of a watered oil sludge was carried out with the method of raster electron microscopy. The Japanese-manufactured labware was represented by the Jeol JCM-5700 raster electronic microscope, the JED-2300 Analys Station software package. A raster microscope is the device intended for acquisition of object images, increased in several thousand times and with the huge spatial resolution, definition of chemical elements and their compounds.
RESULTS: The experiment conclusions are formulated on the basis of visual investigations and the raster electron microscopy studies.
CONCLUSIONS: The practical importance lies in integrity of the approach to the engine oils state change under the influence of water, regarding transition of the dissolved additives to a firm (amorphous) state. Possible consequences of watering are blocking of oil pickup screens and filtering elements, unfairly active corrosion and wear processes of surfaces of the related details.
The double-flow electromechanical transmission of tracked vehicle
Authors: Demidov Nikolay N. , Dobretsov Roman Y. , Kaninskiy Andrey O. , Porshnev Gennadiy P.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Specific demands to ensure high mobility and low energy consumption while cornering are given in the process of development transport and special tracked vehicles. Therefore, improvement of values of these parameters is a relevant objective. The mentioned parameters are directly dependent on the chosen type of transmission.
AIM: Derivation of transmission kinematic schemes that provide the best opportunities to ensure the quality of tracked vehicle cornering control with relative simplicity of design.
METHODS: Derivation of transmission kinematic schemes and analytical evaluation of expected transmission properties were based on fundamentals of the theory of ground vehicle dynamics.
RESULTS: The kinematic diagram of a double-flow transmission and rotation mechanism for a transport vehicle with two engines is proposed. The proposed scheme is applicable for tracked chassis, wheeled vehicles using the skid-steering method. The proposed principle of transmission construction can be adapted for a ship with a hybrid powerplant. The modes of operation of the proposed mechanism are presented, its main kinematic and power features are given. An assessment of the required power of the traction electric motor as part of a hybrid powertrain of a transport tracked vehicle weighing 4550 tons was carried out. Special attention is paid to the problem of the possibility of manufacturing a hybrid powertrain with the proposed transmission based on components, the production of which has been produced in the Russian Federation.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed transmission scheme may be used for development of new machinery as well as for upgrading of existing vehicles. Main advantages of the proposed scheme are simplicity, compactness, and engine functions duplications. Specific advantages for a transport vehicle with an regenerative steering system are ensuring the mechanical energy recuperation during cornering and braking and ensuring turning the production of a pivot turn.
Promising mobile vehicles with ultra-low pressure tires for agricultural production
Authors: Gojaev Zahid A. , Pryadkin Vladimir I. , Kolyadin Pavel A. , Artemov Artem V.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of experimental studies to assess the vibration load of the dynamic system of the mobile vehicle MEV-600 equipped by an ultra-low pressure tires 1020x420-18 model Bel-79 and an independent suspension during driving on artificial irregularities. As a result of the tests carried out, dependences were obtained to assess the impact on the vibration load of the mobile vehicle of the high-speed mode, tire air pressure and the tank filling degree by process fluid. The obtained dependences show us that their characteristics have a linear dependence in the pre-resonant and post-resonant zones, and a progressiveregressive dependence in the resonant zone. It has been experimentally established that the MES-600 dynamic system has high vibration-proof properties, therefore, an introduction of local springing of operators seat is not advisable in the layout scheme, where operators cab is located behind the front wheel axle, since the level of vibrations on operators seat does not exceed the normative indicators.
AIMS: experimental evaluation of the influence of the parameters of the dynamic system of a mobile power vehicle equipped by an ultra-low pressure tires on its vibration-proof properties and dynamic loading of the structure.
METHODS: The methods of laboratory and field studies on the passage through artificial irregularities are given. The determination of the maximum vertical vibration acceleration on the operators seat was carried out using a semi-rigid installation disc, in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO 10326-1.
RESULTS: The dependences of the tire air pressure and the speed of the MES-600 on the level of vibrations of unsprung and sprung masses when driving over artificial irregularities are obtained. Analysis of these dependencies shows that the characteristics have a pronounced stepwise appearance with three characteristic sections: I before resonant; II resonant and III beyond resonant. In the pre-resonant and over-resonant zones, there is a proportional increase in accelerations on the wheel axis and on the frame above the front axle. In the resonant zone, the characteristics have a progressive-regressive dependence.
CONCLUSIONS: Tests on artificial irregularities have shown that the MES-600 dynamic system has high vibration-proof properties: with full refueling and with 50% refueling of the tank, the level of vibrations over the front axle decreased by five times, and when driving in the current state decreased by 3.7 times, relative to vibrations on the wheel axis; on operators seat at various when refueling the tank, the level of fluctuations decreased on average from 3.1 to 4.5 times, relative to fluctuations over the front axle. At high-speed driving modes from 3 m/s to 12 m/s, the level of vibrations on operators seat is in the range from 0.063 g to 0.037 g and does not exceed the standard indicators.
Commerce with Indian Tribes: Original Meanings, Current Implications
Authors: Rabkin Jeremy
Published: April 2023

The Supreme Court’s 2022 ruling in Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta defied much current precedent and practice, as four dissenters protested. But neither side grappled with the Constitution’s original meaning. Both text and early practice confirm that the federal power to regulate “commerce with the Indian tribes” was a different, more constrained power than the power to regulate “commerceamong the states.” But as nineteenth century courts recognized, federal Indian law could also draw on powers inherent in national sovereignty—a wider, but not unbounded, source of authority and one which necessarily excluded interference from states. Even if tribal reservations are now seen as no more independent than states, they have good claims to protection under constitutional safeguards for the free flow of commerce—rather than being treated as colonial dependents of state governments. In contrast to the conformist and assimilationist policies imposed by federal authority in the decades after the Civil War, today’s Americashould be more receptive to the Constitution’s original view on Indian tribes—as separate nations within the larger American nation.
Sağlık Bilinci ve Bilgi İçeriğinin Sağlık Programlarına Yönelik Güvene Etkisi
Authors: ERSİN Nimet
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın konusu sağlık bilinci ve bilgi içeriğinin televizyonda yayınlanan sağlık programlarına olan güvene etkisidir.
Televizyon hala güvenilir bilgi kaynağı olmaya devam etmekte, televizyondaki sağlık programları ilgiyle izlenmektedir.
Televizyonlarda, verdiği bilgi tartışmalı, sağlıklı yaşama katkısı olup olmadığı kuşkulu reklam amaçlı programlar da
çoğalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık konusunda bilgi arayan izleyicinin güvenilir, doğru bilgiye ulaşmak istediği
varsayımından yola çıkılmıştır. Bilgi içeriği eksik, reklam ve tanıtım amaçlı yayınlar izleyicide sağlık programlarına güveni
etkilemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, sağlık bilinci ve bilginin içeriğinin televizyonda yayınlanan sağlık programlarına güvene
etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada sağlık programlarında bilgi içeriği, sağlık bilinci, sağlık programlarına güven konusunda
kavramsal çerçevenin ardından araştırma yöntemi ve bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreni sağlık programarı
izleyicileridir. Araştırmanın amacına uygun hazırlanan anket formları çevrimi içi dağıtılmıştır. Çevrimiçi formda onayları
alınan ve gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak katılmış bireylerin doldurduğu 406 anket formu üzerinden veriler analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre program içeriğinin güven düzeyine pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkide
bulunduğu tespit edilmiş, sağlıkta bilinç düzeyinin güven düzeyine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı
ortaya çıkmıştır.
Understanding Attitudes and Practices of Low-Income Caregivers Toward Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Cooper Christen , Northrup Angela , Iannacchino Michelle
Published: April 2023

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption during early childhood has been linked to adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. Caregivers of young children are often unaware of the potential health harms of SSB and may lack knowledge, skills and environmental supports to limit SSB. The objectives of this study were to determine study caregivers’ attitudes and practices with regard to SSB and to identify themes that may inform future policies and interventions to limit these beverages. Guided by the Social Ecological Model (SEM), the research team interviewed low-income caregivers of children ages two to five at a health clinic in urban New York State. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes and further analyzed for determinants of behavior with regard to providing SSB. Five major themes emerged: Greater SSB knowledge led to healthier choices; confusion about the healthfulness of some SSB; SSB affordability, accessibility and cultural acceptability; children’s “pester power” to obtain SSBs; and, lack of SSB information from healthcare providers. Determinants such as perceived barriers to action, self-efficacy, cues to action, and perceived threat emerged from the themes. SSB are widely available, affordable and palatable. Healthcare providers seldom discuss children’s SSB intake specifically at well visits. SSB are frequently marketed and labeled as “healthy.” SSB are a significant source of empty calories and added sugars. Helping parents limit SSBs may reduce child overweight and obesity and minimize lifelong chronic disease risks. Heathcare providers, health campaigns and nutrition assistance programs may collaborate to help parents limit SSB intake in young children.
On the reception of the influence from Western philosophical trends on Chinese literature by the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Nguyen Thi Mai Chanh
Published: April 2023

Upon the 90s of 20th century, in the diversification as well as ‘complexity’ of social and cultural norms, the highness of Chinese literary reform slowed down. The vibrant artistic peaks, under the influence of Western philosophical trends, gradually cooled off. It was known that enlightened spirit that shined brightly in the beginning of the reform was unlikely to replicate in all corners of secular society – a society in which successful businessmen were the main driver. Meanwhile, not going public in bookstores, in theaters, or on television means that arts remained a display item. Therefore, art was never closer to the market like this period. Literature tended to depart from the central norms into the periphery. Chinese academics in general and literature in particular, at that time, were not lagging behind the synchronic advances in the West because it was inherited from an earlier period of ideological liberalization in which researchers as well as literary authors were trained on the basics. This essay studies the reception of the influence from Western philosophical trends on Chinese literature by the second half of the 20th century with the aim of partly explaining the above phenomenon.