bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet characteristics in patients with essential thrombocytosis
Authors: Pedersen Oliver Heidmann , Larsen Mads Lamm , Grove Erik Lerkevang , van Kooten Niekerk Peter Buur , Bønløkke Søren , Nissen Peter H. , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Hvas Anne‐Mette
Published: May 2018

Background

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an increased platelet count. ET is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, and procoagulant features of the disease may include an increased number of reactive reticulated platelets and an increased aggregation potential. We aimed to explore the association between platelet count, platelet turnover, and platelet aggregation in patients with ET.

Methods

We included 24 ET patients who discontinued antiplatelet therapy prior to blood sampling. Reticulated platelets were assessed as immature platelet count (IPC) and immature platelet fraction by automated flow cytometry (Sysmex XE‐5000). Platelet aggregation was investigated by impedance aggregometry (Multiplate® Analyzer) and aggregation potential by flow cytometry (NAVIOS).

Results

Our results showed that ET patients had increased IPC compared to healthy individuals (median 12.3 vs. median 6.9, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a positive correlation between platelet count and impedance aggregation was demonstrated using arachidonic acid (r = 0.48, P = 0.02), thrombin‐receptor‐activating‐peptide (r = 0.46, P = 0.03) and adenosine diphosphate (r = 0.56, P = 0.007) as agonists. Finally, an increased aggregation potential was demonstrated in ET patients compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusions

The study showed that ET patients compared to healthy individuals have an increased amount of reticulated platelets and increased aggregation potential. These findings might in part explain the increased thromboembolic risk in patients with ET. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Magnetic‐geared motor with a continuously variable transmission gear ratio and its control method
Authors: Morimoto Eiki , Niguchi Noboru , Hirata Katsuhiro
Published: May 2018

Magnetic‐geared motors have attracted considerable attention because of their high‐torque density. However, the gear ratio of a magnetic‐geared motor depends on the number of poles in the rotor, which is fixed during operation. In this paper, a magnetic‐geared motor with a continuously variable transmission gear ratio and its control method are proposed. The structure and operational principle of the proposed motor are described. The N–T curve and efficiency are computed and measured using a prototype, and the computed and measured characteristics are compared.
Metal‐Free [3+2] Tandem Cyclization Synthesis of Unique 11H‐Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]Indolizine from 7‐Azaindoles and Pyridotriazoles
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Tai , Zhang Jing , Xu Yan‐Jun , Dong Lin
Published: May 2018

The metal‐free, green and highly atom‐economic formal [3+2] tandem cyclization is ideal for sustainable reaction development. It can be employed to synthesize unique 11H‐pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐b]indolizines from 7‐azaindoles and pyridotriazoles through a TsOH‐induced efficient process.
One‐pot Electro‐polymerized SDPAS/PPy/CNTs Modified Electrode for Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Liu Shuangyan , Wang Lei , Duan Guoyi , Wang Linan , Khan Zia Ul Haq , Sun Yanzhi , Chen Yongmei , Wan Pingyu
Published: May 2018

To improve the performance of dopamine (DA) detection in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), sodium diphenylamine sulfonate/polypyrrole/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (SDPAS/PPy/CNTs) film was fabricated on the surface of gold electrode through one‐pot polymerization initiated by electrochemical oxidation. SDPAS were covalently embedded into the backbone of PPy to endow the resultant film with numerous negative‐charged terminals, resulting in selective pre‐adsorption of protonated DA+ on the electrode and switching the following anodic reaction to be an adsorption‐controlled process. The detection of DA in the presence of AA and UA by square wave voltammetry method showed an outstanding repeatability with the relative standard deviation of 0.45 %. A good linear relationship was observed between the oxidative peak current and the concentration of DA in the range of 0.827–104 μM (R2=0.993), and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.105 μM (S/N=3).
SimPEL: Simulation‐based power estimation for sequencing studies of low‐prevalence conditions
Authors: Mak Lauren , Li Minghao , Cao Chen , Gordon Paul , Tarailo‐Graovac Maja , Bousman Chad , Wang Pei , Long Quan
Published: May 2018

Power estimations are important for optimizing genotype‐phenotype association study designs. However, existing frameworks are designed for common disorders, and thus ill‐suited for the inherent challenges of studies for low‐prevalence conditions such as rare diseases and infrequent adverse drug reactions. These challenges include small sample sizes and the need to leverage genetic annotation resources in association analyses for the purpose of ranking potential causal genes. We present SimPEL, a simulation‐based program providing power estimations for the design of low‐prevalence condition studies. SimPEL integrates the usage of gene annotation resources for association analyses. Customizable parameters, including the penetrance of the putative causal allele and the employed pathogenic scoring system, allow SimPEL to realistically model a large range of study designs. To demonstrate the effects of various parameters on power, we estimated the power of several simulated designs using SimPEL and captured power trends in agreement with observations from current literature on low‐frequency condition studies. SimPEL, as a tool, provides researchers studying low‐frequency conditions with an intuitive and highly flexible avenue for statistical power estimation. The platform‐independent “batteries included” executable and default input files are available at https://github.com/precisionomics/SimPEL.
Monetary and nonmonetary household consumption of health services and the role of insurance benefits: An analysis of the Mexico's National Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Serván‐Mori Edson , Wirtz Veronika J.
Published: May 2018

Objectives

To study the monetary and nonmonetary consumption of healthcare services at household level in Mexico and the magnitude of the contribution of public programs.

Methods

By using the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012, we performed a cross‐sectional and observational analysis of actual household consumption of health services by insurance type (no insurance, social security, Seguro Popular (SP)). Household consumption was divided into 2 categories: consumption related to “monetary” expenditure in health care and “nonmonetary” consumption in health care by the household. Nonmonetary included self‐consumption or gifts received from other households and institutional contributions such as government payments or private organization transfers.

Results

In SP households, monetary and nonmonetary consumption of health services represented the highest proportion of available household expenditure (11.2%) compared to uninsured (8.4%) and social security (5.9%) households. The prevalence of outpatient consultation and medicine use is the highest among the health service consumption categories regardless of insurance status. Distribution of nonmonetary versus monetary consumption of health services was pro‐poor: The poorer the households, the larger the proportion of nonmonetary consumption.

Conclusions

The higher probability of receiving nonmonetary resources as a component of health service consumption in SP households is likely to increase the affordability to health services and likely to reduce healthcare expenditures. Future research should focus on the type of nonmonetary consumption of health services at household level to better understand financial protection and access to health care in Mexico.
The promotion of tissue engineering blood vessel patency by CGS21680 through regulating pro‐inflammatory activities of endothelial progenitor cell
Authors: Chen Wen , Xiao Li , Bai Jian , Zeng Wen , Yang Mingcan , Shi Bingyi , Zhu Chuhong
Published: May 2018

The mobilization and homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the rapid endothelialization of tissue engineering blood vessel (TEBV). Inflammation can affect TEBV patency, and monocytes/macrophages (MM) are the main effector cells. But it is not clear how EPCs interact with MM after TEBV transplantation. Our results showed acellular materials would not directly cause acute and severe inflammatory responses but activate E‐selectin expression in homing EPCs, gradually promoting the polarization of MM to the M1. Adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 promoted the secretion of more proangiogenic factors from MM, inducing EPC migration and mobilization. CGS21680 could inhibit MM polarization to the M1 type through the down‐regulation of EPC proinflammatory molecules, such as E‐selectin. Chitosan/(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin nanoparticles were prepared to control the release of CGS‐21680 and then modified to TEBVs through layer‐by‐layer assembly. Animal experiments showed that this TEBV can maintain patency for 6 months and good endothelialization was observed. In summary, our results showed the regulation of EPC pro‐inflammatory activities is a new approach to enhance TEBV patency. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2634–2642, 2018.
A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Osteosarcoma Patients Treated With High‐Dose Methotrexate: Data From the OS2006/Sarcoma‐09 Trial
Authors: Lui Gabrielle , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Fresneau Brice , Piperno‐Neumann Sophie , Gaspar Nathalie , Corradini Nadège , Gentet Jean‐Claude , Marec Berard Perrine , Laurence Valérie , Schneider Pascale , Entz‐Werle Natacha , Pacquement Hélène , Millot Frédéric , Taque Sophie , Freycon Claire , Lervat Cyril , Le Deley Marie Cécile , Mahier Ait Oukhatar Céline , Brugieres Laurence , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Bouazza Naïm ,   for the Sarcoma Group of UNICANCER
Published: May 2018

Growing evidence suggests that polymorphisms of genes coding for transporters or enzymes may partially explain the large between subject variability reported for methotrexate (MTX) pharmacokinetics (PK). This prospective study aimed to develop a population PK‐pharmacogenetic model to evaluate the part of between‐subject variability due to single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transporters and enzyme genes implicated in MTX distribution and elimination. MTX concentrations and 54 SNPs (located in ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCG2, SLC19A1, SLCO1B1, and UGT1A1 genes) were analyzed in patients treated with MTX included in the OS2006/sarcoma‐09 trial (a multicenter, open‐label, phase III trial, ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00470223). PK data were analyzed using the nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling software program Monolix. The influence of each SNP was evaluated using a stepwise procedure under additive, recessive, or dominant genetic model. The likelihood ratio test was used to test the effect of each SNP on PK parameters. Overall, 187 patients with 7898 MTX blood concentrations were included in the PK‐pharmacogenetic analysis. A 2‐compartment model adequately described the data. Although high‐dose MTX dosing recommendations in pediatric patients are currently based on body surface area, body weight was more predictive of clearance between‐subject variability than body surface area. The most significant polymorphism associated with MTX clearance was rs13120400 (on the ABCG2 gene) under the recessive genetic model (P < .0001). GG genotype carriers for rs13120400 appeared to have a moderate decrease in MTX exposure compared to AA or GA carriers.
Synthesis and Molecular Drug Efficacy of Indoline‐based Dihydroxy‐thiocarbamides: Inflammation Regulatory Property Unveiled over COX‐2 Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Cytotoxicity Prospects
Authors: Kumar M Rajesh , Alagumuthu Manikandan , V Violet Dhayabaran
Published: May 2018

In this study, substituted indoline‐based dihydroxy‐carbamides (5a–i) were synthesized and evaluated as the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors to testify their inflammatory regulations through COX‐2 inhibition. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based competitive (COX‐2) inhibition (in vitro) followed by a molecular docking study (in silico) was executed to ensure the mode of interaction between5a–iand COX‐2. Apart from COX‐2 inhibition studies, free‐radical scavenging ability (H2O2estimation method) and the human red blood cell membrane protection (in vitroanti‐inflammatory) capability of the compounds5a–iassessment were also evaluated. Excellent antimicrobial and anticancer activity exhibited by thiocarbamide substituted compounds (5a–d) than carbamide (5e–i). In molecular docking studies, the obtained binding affinity values of5a–iindicated the therapeutic selectivity on COX‐2 (PDB ID: 1CX2) over COX‐1 (PDB ID: 1EQG). Established inhibitory constant (ki) values were found as low as in nanomolar/picomolar against COX‐2. Reliable COX‐2 inhibition of 78–92% and IC500.002–1.28 μMwere obtained. Human red blood cell membrane was found to be effectively stabilized/protected by5a–iup to 98%. Excellent antioxidant property (average radical scavenging 92%) and structure–activity relationship predictions confirmed the druggability potentials of5a–ias effective, future anti‐inflammatory drugs. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was also unveiled by MTT assay using MCF‐7 (human breast cancer), SW620 (human colon cancer), G361 (human skin cancer), human breast normal cell lines (MCF‐10), and cell lines.
CD99L2 deficiency inhibits leukocyte entry into the central nervous system and ameliorates neuroinflammation
Authors: Samus Maryna , Seelige Ruth , Schäfer Kerstin , Sorokin Lydia , Vestweber Dietmar
Published: May 2018

Leukocyte entry into the CNS is a crucial step in the development of multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Adhesion molecules mediating the docking of leukocytes to the endothelium of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represent valuable targets for interference with the disease. However, little is known about the adhesion and signaling mechanisms in endothelial cells that mediate the diapedesis through the BBB. Here, we show that conditional Tie-2-Cre driven gene inactivation of CD99L2 inhibits leukocyte entry into the CNS during active MOG35-55-induced EAE and alleviates severity of the disease. No detrimental effect on the immune response was observed. The number of perivascular cuffs around vessels of the CNS was reduced, as was the number of inflammatory foci, sites of demyelination and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Three-dimensional analysis of vibratome sections of the CNS revealed an accumulation of leukocytes between endothelial cells and the underlying basement membrane, whereas leukocyte docking to the luminal surface of the endothelium of the BBB was unaffected. Collectively, these results suggest that CD99L2 participates in the development of EAE by supporting diapedesis of leukocytes through the endothelial basement membrane of blood vessels of the BBB in the CNS.

CD99L2 gene-inactivation interferes with EAE by inhibiting diapedesis of leukocytes through the endothelial basement membrane of blood vessels of the BBB in the CNS.
Frontline Science: Buprenorphine decreases CCL2-mediated migration of CD14+CD16+ monocytes
Authors: Jaureguiberry-Bravo Matias , Lopez Lillie , Berman Joan W
Published: May 2018

HIV infection of the CNS causes neuroinflammation and damage that contributes to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in greater than 50% of HIV-infected individuals, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opioid abuse is a major risk factor for HIV infection. It has been shown that opioids can contribute to increased HIV CNS pathogenesis, in part, by modulating the function of immune cells. HIV enters the CNS within two weeks after peripheral infection by transmigration of infected monocytes across the blood brain barrier (BBB). CD14+CD16+ monocytes are a mature subpopulation that is increased in number in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected people. Mature monocytes can be productively infected with HIV, and they transmigrate preferentially across the BBB in response to CCL2, a chemokine elevated in the CNS and CSF of HIV-infected people even with ART. Buprenorphine, an opioid derivate, is an opioid replacement therapy for heroin addiction. It is a partial agonist of μ-opioid receptor and full antagonist of κ-opioid receptor. The effects of buprenorphine on CCL2-mediated CD14+CD16+ monocytes transmigration across the BBB, a critical mechanism that promotes neuroinflammation and HAND, have not been characterized. We showed for the first time that buprenorphine decreases several steps of CCL2-mediated human mature monocyte transmigration. We propose that buprenorphine treatment in the context of HIV infection could serve a dual purpose, to treat opioid addiction and also to reduce neuroinflammation. Additionally, buprenorphine may be used as a treatment for HAND not only in the context of opioid abuse.

Buprenorphine may decrease neuroinflammation by limiting CCL2-mediated CD14+CD16+ monocytes migration.
Synthesis of 13C6‐labeled, dual‐target inhibitor of cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
Authors: Iyer Malliga R. , Cinar Resat , Coffey Nathan J. , Kunos George
Published: May 2018

Cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists/inverse agonists have great potential in the treatment of metabolic disorders like dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cannabinoid‐1 receptor inverse agonists have also been reported to be effective in mitigating fibrotic disorders in murine models. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is another promising target implicated in fibrotic and inflammatory disorders. We have disclosed MRI‐1867 as a potent and selective, peripherally acting dual‐target inhibitor of the CB1R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Herein, we report the synthesis of [13C6]‐MRI‐1867 as a racemate from commercially available chlorobenzene‐13C6 as the starting, stable‐isotope label reagent. The racemic [13C6]‐MRI‐1867 was further processed to the stable‐isotope‐labeled enantiopure compounds using chiral chromatography. Both racemic [13C6]‐MRI‐1867 and S‐13C6‐MRI‐1867 will be used to quantitate unlabeled S‐MRI‐1867 during clinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies and will be used as a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical standard.
Preparation of four 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPs) labeled with carbon‐14
Authors: Faghih Mohammad Amin Ahmadi , Moslemin Mohammad Hossein , Shirvani Gholamhossein , Javaheri Mohsen
Published: May 2018

The importance of DHPs compounds and the need for examining the mechanism of their effect, mandated us to synthesize a number of carbon‐14 labeled 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives for pharmacological studies. Simple preparation and suitable radiochemical yield were advantages of this preparation.
Detection and correction of errors in linear antenna arrays
Authors: Appasani Bhargav , Pelluri Rahul , Gupta Nisha
Published: May 2018

Detection and correction of errors is a hot topic of research in the field of antenna arrays. The errors in the excitation amplitude result in the adulteration of the radiation pattern, and hence, the dynamic detection and correction of these errors are very important for proper maintenance of the radiation pattern. In this paper, a novel technique for detection and correction of errors in linear antenna arrays is presented. The analytical nature of the proposed approach makes it a viable alternative to the optimization techniques available in the literature. The error in the radiation pattern measured at an angle is expressed as a function of the individual excitation errors, and subsequently, several useful theorems and techniques are presented in the framework of error detection and correction. An exhaustive mathematical explanation followed by numerical simulations is presented to clearly illustrate the advantage of this method in the detection and correction of errors in antenna arrays.
Effect of Mitomycin C on recurrence of plantar fibromas
Authors: Amer Kamil M. , Mohamed Sana , Amer Rami , Chaudhry Ahmed , Winters Brian , Abraham John A.
Published: May 2018

Although certainly not the first line treatment for plantar fibromas, surgical resection is a treatment option for some patients with have failed exhaustive non‐surgical treatment. The use of topical Mitomycin C has been recently shown to reduce the recurrence rate of other fibrous lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of topical application of Mitomycin C on recurrence rate of plantar fibromas. A retrospective analysis was done from a prospectively gathered database with a total 50 consecutive patients over a 16‐month study period. The control group (n = 29) consisted of patients who underwent only surgical resection, while the study group (n = 21) consisted of patients who underwent surgical resection with adjuvant therapy using Mitomycin C. The primary endpoint was local recurrence after the procedure. Secondary end points included complications and toxicity associated with this medication. No patients were lost to follow up. Of the 29 patients in the control group, there were 17 patients (17/29, 58.6%) had recurrence of the plantar fibroma at a mean follow‐up of 9.1 months. In contrast, in the experimental study group, all patients were free from local recurrence. No complications or side effects were associated with Mitomycin C use. The results demonstrate that the topical application of Mitomycin C to the tumor bed after surgical resection of plantar fibromas reduced the recurrence rate. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2554–2561, 2018.
Predictors of new‐onset chronic kidney disease in patients managed surgically for T1a renal cell carcinoma: An Australian population‐based analysis
Authors: Ahn Thomas , Ellis Robert J. , White Victoria M. , Bolton Damien M. , Coory Michael D. , Davis Ian D. , Francis Ross S. , Giles Graham G. , Gobe Glenda C. , Hawley Carmel M. , Johnson David W. , Marco David J. T. , McStea Megan , Neale Rachel E. , Pascoe Elaine M. , Wood Simon T. , Jordan Susan J. ,   the IMPROVE investigators
Published: May 2018

Background

New‐onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) following surgical management of kidney tumors is common. This study evaluated risk factors for new‐onset CKD after nephrectomy for T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in an Australian population‐based cohort.

Methods

There were 551 RCC patients from the Australian states of Queensland and Victoria included in this study. The primary outcome was new‐onset CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and the secondary outcome was new‐onset moderate‐severe CKD (<45 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between patient, tumor and health‐service characteristics and these outcomes.

Results

Forty percent (219/551) of patients developed new‐onset CKD, and 12% (68/551) experienced new‐onset moderate‐severe CKD. Risk factors for new‐onset CKD were age, lower preoperative eGFR, tumor size >20 mm, radical nephrectomy, lower hospital caseloads (<20 cases/year), and rural place of residence. The associations between rural place of residence and low center volume were a consequence of higher radical nephrectomy rates.

Conclusion

Risk factors for CKD after nephrectomy generally relate to worse baseline health, or likelihood of undergoing radical nephrectomy. Surgeons in rural centres and hospitals with low caseloads may benefit from formalized integration with specialist centers for continued professional development and case‐conferencing, to assist in management decisions.
Calculation of breast volumes from mammogram: Comparison of four separate equations relative to mastectomy specimen volumes
Authors: Rostas Jack W. , Bhutiani Neal , Crigger Morgan , Crawford Stacey M.W. , Hollenbach Reiss B. , Heidrich Samantha R. , Martin Robert C.G. , McMasters Kelly M. , Ajkay Nicolás
Published: May 2018

Background and Objectives

Accurately assessing breast volume (BV) relative to the volume of breast tissue to be removed could help objectively determine the optimal surgical candidates for breast conserving surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal mammography‐based method of BV estimation.

Methods

Mammography data was obtained for patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer from 2005 to 2015. This data was used to calculate BV using four previously published equations. Results were compared to mastectomy specimen volumes calculated from specimen weights and breast density. Five practitioners then independently assessed reproducibility and ease of use.

Results

Complete mammographic measurements were available for 65 breasts from 45 patients. Median age was 58 years (range 19‐82). Mammographic breast density scores were available for 62 breasts. Of the 65 mastectomies performed, 16 (36%) were simple mastectomies. The equation BV = 1/3πRccRmloHmlo most closely approximated actual breast specimen volumes (R = 0.89, P < 0.0001). Internal correlation of calculated BV was excellent among all practitioners (lowest Pearson R = 0.963).

Conclusions

Breast volumes can be reliably estimated utilizing measurements from a preoperative mammogram. This low‐cost method of volumetric analysis can be employed to guide surgical decision making in treatment of patients with invasive breast cancer.
Use of created snags by cavity‐nesting birds across 25 years
Authors: Barry Amy M. , Hagar Joan C. , Rivers James W.
Published: May 2018

Snags are important habitat features for many forest‐dwelling species, so reductions in the number of snags can lead to the loss of biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Intentional snag creation is often used in managed forests to mitigate the long‐term declines of naturally created snags, yet information regarding the use of snags by wildlife across long timescales (>20 yr) is lacking and prevents a complete understanding of how the value of created snags change through time. We used a long‐term experiment to assess how harvest treatment (i.e., small‐patch group selection, 2‐story, and clearcut) and snag configuration (i.e., scattered and clustered) influenced nesting in and foraging on 25–27‐year‐old Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) snags by cavity‐nesting birds. In addition, we compared our contemporary measures of bird use to estimates obtained from historical surveys conducted on the same group of snags to quantify how bird use changed over time. Despite observing created snags for >750 hours across 2 consecutive breeding seasons, we found limited evidence of nesting activity. Only 11% of created snags were used for breeding, with nesting attempts by 4 bird species (n = 36 nests); however, we detected 12 cavity‐nesting species present on our study sites. Furthermore, nearly all nests (94%) belonged to the chestnut‐backed chickadee (Poecile rufescens), a weak cavity‐excavating species that requires well‐decayed wood for creating nest cavities. Our surveys also recorded few observations of birds using created snags as foraging substrates, with only 1 foraging event recorded for every 20 hours of observation. We detected 82% fewer nests and recorded 7% fewer foraging observations during contemporary field work despite spending >7.5 times more effort observing created snags relative to historical surveys. We conclude that 25–27‐year‐old created Douglas‐fir snags provided limited opportunities for nesting and foraging by most cavity‐nesting birds, and that the period of greatest use by this group occurred within 5–15 years of creation. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Efficiency of four different seeded plants and native vegetation as cover crops in the control of soil and carbon losses by water erosion in olive orchards
Authors: Repullo‐Ruibérriz de Torres Miguel A. , Ordóñez‐Fernández Rafaela , Giráldez Juan V. , Márquez‐García Javier , Laguna Ana , Carbonell‐Bojollo Rosa
Published: May 2018

Soil erosion is intense on steep slopes, where many olive orchards are located in Mediterranean areas. The adoption of cover crops is a promising soil and water conservation practice for these areas. Nevertheless, there has not been enough information to be able to advise farmers on the selection of plant species. The purpose of this report is to assess different plant species as cover crops to reduce erosion and soil organic carbon loss through sediments. Twenty‐four tests were performed in 6 plots on a 20% slope in southern Spain. A gramineous plant (Brachypodium distachyon), 2 leguminous species (Vicia sativa and Vicia ervilia), and a cruciferous plant (Sinapis alba) were sown and compared with spontaneous vegetation and conventional tillage. Simulated rainfall with intensities of 18.1 (±1.6) and 38.8 (±2.3) mm hr−1 was applied during 2 years. All cover crop treatments, in comparison with tillage, significantly reduced soil and soil organic carbon losses by more than 92%, S. alba being the species with the lowest runoff values. The high rate of soil and water losses observed in the tillage treatment emphasizes the need to protect the soil and its fertility. A kinematic wave model considering variable soil infiltration rates was fitted to the runoff data to evaluate relevant soil and surface characteristics. The estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity and length of the capillary scale were not affected by the treatments, but the surface resistance to water flow indicated the efficiency of S. alba, B. distachyon, and V. ervilia in reducing the runoff velocity.
Mapping the initial corrosion activity of aluminium alloy 2024‐T3 in diluted substitute ocean water by localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Acosta Gloria , Veleva Lucien , de la Fuente Daniel
Published: May 2018

This work deals with the initial localized corrosion activity of AA2024‐T3 exposed up to 24 h in diluted substitute ocean water, simulating marine environment of low chloride contamination. The pits appeared since the first hour at the periphery of CuFeMn particles and Mg‐ions release was found to be 0.5 mg L−1, originated from the S‐phase (Al2CuMg). Fine particles were detached from the corrosion layer, composed of AlCl3 · 6H2O and FeCl2 · 2H2O corrosion products. Localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) measurements were performed in situ at open circuit potential. LEIS maps revealed intensive electrochemical activity on Al alloy surface since the first hour, demonstrating fast pit nucleation, due to the presence of chloride ions. LEIS impedance │Z│ magnitude differs with the advance of the corrosion process, influenced by changes occurring on the alloy surface. The reported results confirm the unique capabilities of LEIS that make this a powerful tool for in situ study of localized corrosion process.
The effects of anticipated goal‐inconsistent behavior on present goal choices
Authors: Zemack‐Rugar Yael , Corus Canan
Published: May 2018

Prior work has examined how, in the pursuit of long‐term goals, past goal behavior influences present goal choices. Instead, the present work focuses on how anticipating future goal behavior, specifically future goal‐inconsistent behavior, influences present goal choices. For example, how anticipating overspending on an upcoming vacation influences current spending behavior. The authors propose that the effect of anticipated goal‐inconsistent behavior on present goal choice is moderated by the perceived changeability of the future behavior. When future goal‐inconsistent behavior is perceived as changeable, consumers tend to imagine it away, and it has no systematic effect on present goal choices. However, when future goal‐inconsistent behavior is perceived as unchangeable, consumers accept it as a matter of fact, and systematic effects occur. Specifically, some consumers not only fail to buffer against future goal‐inconsistent behavior's negative consequences, but tend to exacerbate those consequences by increasing their goal‐inconsistent behavior in the present. Four studies examine this surprising behavior, using an individual difference (the response‐to‐failure scale) to identify when and for whom it occurs. The studies demonstrate the role of perceived changeability using various manipulations across multiple critical goal domains such as spending, eating, and academics.
CDPBC: A Software Application for Estimation of Concentration Dependent Plasma Binding Capacity of Small Molecule
Authors: Prakash Om , Dwivedi Upendra Nath
Published: May 2018

Drug‐plasma binding (DPB) is an important aspect during pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. DPB of small molecule cannot be evaluated through computational means. Here we present CDPBC; a standalone application for evaluation of small molecule for its capacity (concentration dependent) of binding with plasma proteins. This application is freely available at URL (https://github.com/undwive di/CDPBC.git). The application is enriched with evaluation of five major proteins of plasma. Input for application is a docked complex against the suggested PDBs of plasma proteins. As part of the analysis, software compares interaction of query compound with control compound. Main output comes as plot as well as table displaying percentage of binding in reference of concentration gradient of small molecule used in docking. The application is an advanced add‐on component to ADME analysis of small molecules as well as lead optimization.
Myasthenic ophthalmoparesis: Time To resolution after initiating immune therapies
Authors: Europa Tarin A. , Nel Melissa , Heckmann Jeannine M.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Although immunotherapies such as prednisone are effective in treating myasthenic muscle weakness, their effect on resolution of myasthenic‐induced persistent ophthalmoparesis is unknown. Methods: We observed patients with myasthenia gravis during their first year of immunotherapy, documenting ophthalmoplegia scores and drug doses. Results: Seventy‐six of 87 cases had persistent ophthalmoparesis. With immunotherapy, the median time to resolution of ophthalmoparesis was 7 months, and 37% of cases resolved within 3 months. Patients starting therapy within 12 months of symptom onset were twice as likely to have resolution in the first year (P = 0.028). Resolution of ophthalmoparesis within 3 months, compared with later resolution, was associated with higher initial prednisone doses (mean 0.5 vs. 0.3 mg/kg/day; P = 0.014). However, 25% of the higher dose group also received intravenous immunoglobulin/plasma exchange; after their exclusion, the finding was not significant. Discussion: One‐third of cases with myasthenic ophthalmoparesis resolved within 3 months of immunotherapy, particularly in response to more aggressive immunotherapy. Muscle Nerve 58: 542–549, 2018
Gauss‐Lobatto‐Legendre‐Birkhoff pseudospectral approximations for the multi‐term time fractional diffusion‐wave equation with Neumann boundaryconditions
Authors: Liu Haiyu , Lü Shujuan
Published: May 2018

A second‐order finite difference/pseudospectral scheme is proposed for numerical approximation of multi‐term time fractional diffusion‐wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions. The scheme is based upon the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operators approximation of the time fractional calculus and Gauss‐Lobatto‐Legendre‐Birkhoff (GLLB) pseudospectral method for spatial discretization. The unconditionally stability and convergence of the scheme are rigorously proved. Numerical examples are carried out to verify theoretical results.
A direct design method of controllers based on the frequency response indices for servo systems
Authors: Chen Songlin , Chen Ting , Ma Kemao , He Zongru , Yao Yu
Published: May 2018

To improve the design efficiency of servo systems, a novel controller design method is proposed based on the desired closed‐loop transfer functions satisfying the required frequency response indices. Taking into account the constraint due to the physical realizability of controllers, the desired closed‐loop transfer functions are specified. In addition, the analytical expressions for certain kinds of performance indices and design constraints, including dual‐ten indices of frequency responses, crossover frequency, phase margin, and magnitude margin, are derived. Then, the principles for controller parameter determination are discussed. The controller design is formulated as an optimal problem with a variety of constraints, and the design guidelines are presented. At last, experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Minimal Information About an Immuno‐Peptidomics Experiment (MIAIPE)
Authors: Lill Jennie R. , van Veelen Peter A. , Tenzer Stefan , Admon Arie , Caron Etienne , Elias Joshua E. , Heck Albert J.R. , Marcilla Miguel , Marino Fabio , Müller Markus , Peters Bjoern , Purcell Anthony , Sette Alessandro , Sturm Theo , Ternette Nicola , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Bassani‐Sternberg Michal
Published: May 2018

Minimal information about an immuno‐peptidomics experiment (MIAIPE) is an initiative of the members of the Human Immuno‐Peptidome Project (HIPP), an international program organized by the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO). The aim of the MIAIPE guidelines is to deliver technical guidelines representing the minimal information required to sufficiently support the evaluation and interpretation of immunopeptidomics experiments. The MIAIPE document has been designed to report essential information about sample preparation, mass spectrometric measurement, and associated mass spectrometry (MS)‐related bioinformatics aspects that are unique to immunopeptidomics and may not be covered by the general proteomics MIAPE (minimal information about a proteomics experiment) guidelines.
Using aerosol‐assisted atmospheric‐pressure plasma to embed proteins onto a substrate in one step for biosensor fabrication
Authors: Liu Yung‐Hsin , Yang Chu‐Hao , Lin Tsung‐Rong , Cheng Yun‐Chien
Published: May 2018

This study shows that aerosol‐assisted dielectric‐barrier‐discharge atmospheric‐pressure plasma deposition (AAAPPD) is a rapid and reagent‐free method to entrap proteins on different substrates for biosensor fabrication, and the proteins were not damaged. AAAPPD involves depositing plasma‐polymerized ethylene (ppE) with grafted hydroxyl functional groups and embedding the protein in the ppE in one step, making the protein entrapment faster than conventional methods and without using reagents. In this study, SEM and XPS show that more protein deposited near the inlet. Electrophoresis, temperature analysis, and immunostaining respectively demonstrated that the protein maintained its integrity, was unheated, and exhibited activity during AAAPPD. The immunostaining results of AAAPPD protein was close to that of covalent‐bonded protein. AAAPPD also entraps protein on three different biosensor substrates.
­­Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol
Authors: Franclemont Joshua T. , Fan Xiangru , Li Rui , Singh Raj Kamal , Holsen Thomas M. , Mededovic Thagard Selma
Published: May 2018

The primary goal of this study was to explore the fundamental chemical processes occurring during a pulsed electrical discharge in liquid methanol. To this end, advanced analytical techniques were used to identify and, when possible, quantify gas and liquid methanol decomposition products. The effects of applied voltage, voltage polarity, and presence of water on the reaction stoichiometry and the selectivity for the identified gas products were also studied. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations were used to determine the most feasible thermal reaction pathways between 300 and 4000 K responsible for the formation of experimentally identified gas and liquid products. From these results, the key chemical reaction pathways were theorized and a reaction mechanism was developed. Gas products of plasma‐induced decomposition of methanol that were detected and quantified include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane. The reaction selectivity was the highest for the former two compounds regardless of the applied voltage, discharge polarity or presence of water in the starting solution. Results also showed that the applied voltage, discharge polarity and presence of water had no effect on the types of reaction products. Liquid methanol decomposition products that where identified include ethanol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, allyl alcohol, 1‐propanol, 3‐buten‐1‐ol, 3‐butyn‐1‐ol, glycolaldehyde, and methyl glycolate. The chemical reaction mechanism that was proposed to explain the formation of the experimentally verified gas products offers specific pathways for the production of carbon monoxide and short‐chained hydrocarbons. In contrast, the reactions leading to the formation of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and liquid products appear to be random. In general, recombination reactions of direct methanol decomposition products are largely responsible for the formation of C1 and C2 liquid products. Step‐wise reactions of those compounds with single or multiple carbon‐based radicals grow the molecular chain length to up to four carbon atoms thereby producing C4 compounds.
Oxygen plasma etching of hydrocarbon‐like polymers: Part II experimental validation
Authors: Bès Alexandre , Koo Min , Phan Thành L. , Lacoste Ana , Pelletier Jacques
Published: May 2018

The objective in Part II is to verify whether the model developed in Part I for the etching of polymers in oxygen plasmas can apply to all types of polymers. The experimental parametric study of the etching of different polymers in oxygen plasmas and under distinct operating conditions confirms that their etching kinetics follow the general laws derived from the modeling: 1) under identical operating conditions, the etch rates of polymer films with equal carbon concentration are the same and 2) the activation energies for spontaneous etching are shown to be effectively independent of the plasma operating conditions, and their values, common to all polymers, are 0.76 ± 0.05 eV for CO2 desorption and 0.40 ± 0.05 eV for CO desorption.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 1
Authors: Gower William A. , Birnkrant David J. , Black Jane B. , Nicolai Thomas , Noah Terry L.
Published: May 2018

Pediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article (Part 1 of a series), we summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, as well as selected literature in these areas from other journals. In Part 1, we review selected articles on diagnostic testing/endoscopy, respiratory complications of neuromuscular disorders, and rare lung diseases.
Potential pathogenicity of Inquilinus limosus in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Poore T. Spencer , Virella‐Lowell Isabel , Guimbellot Jennifer S.
Published: May 2018

Presentation

Patient is a 6‐year‐old male with CF, MRSA colonization, and pancreatic insufficiency that presented with worsening ppFEV1 and systemic symptoms despite multiple interventions. BAL grew NTM, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Inquilinus limosus, a rare organism found in patients with CF.

Course

I. limosus treatment was deferred. Despite treatment of other pathogens, symptoms worsened. I. limosus was targeted with meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin along with clindamycin for MRSA colonization. Within weeks, symptoms had resolved with ppFEV1 improvement.

Discussion

This case discusses the importance of a rare organism in the CF population. Targeting I. limosus was key to recovery, revealing its potential pathogenicity.
N‐terminal‐probrain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A prospective observational study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Blanco Silvia , Oulego‐Erroz Ignacio , Alonso‐Quintela Paula , Terroba‐Seara Sandra , Jiménez‐González Aquilina , Palau‐Benavides Maite
Published: May 2018

Objective

N‐terminal‐probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a marker of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HsPDA) in preterm infants. In this study, we assessed whether NT‐proBNP levels could predict the risk of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and/or death.

Methods

This was an observational prospective study of preterm infants with GA ≤32 weeks. Infants who died within the first 48 h or who had major congenital malformations or incomplete information were excluded. NT‐proBNP was determined at 48‐96 h of life and at 5‐10 days of life. The predictive capacity of NT‐proBNP for the combined outcome of BPD and/or death was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate regression.

Results

Of the 125 eligible patients, 110 completed the analysis. Twenty‐eight developed BPD (n = 15) and/or died (n = 13). Infants who developed BPD and/or died had higher NT‐proBNP levels ​​at 48‐96 h (26,848 ng/L, interquartile range [IQR] 7818‐60,684 vs 3008 ng/L, IQR 1425‐9876) and at 5‐10 days (8849 ng/L, IQR 3796‐19,526 vs 1427 ng/L, IQR 907‐2889). The NT‐proBNP levels at 5‐10 days, but not at 48‐96 h, were independently associated with BPD and/or death after adjustments for HsPDA and other confounders (OR = 3.36; 95%CI: 1.52‐7.4, P = 0.006). For the prediction of this result, a cutoff of 3348 ng/L had a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 83%, respectively (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.79‐0.95).

Conclusion

The NT‐proBNP levels at 5‐10 days of life may identify preterm infants with an HsPDA who are at high risk of BPD or death and may be useful for individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Reference equations for the interpretation of forced expiratory and plethysmographic measurements in infants
Authors: Lu Zihang , Foong Rachel E. , Kowalik Krzysztof , Moraes Theo J. , Dubeau Aimee , Lefebvre Diana , Davis Stephanie D. , Balkovec Susan , Becker Allan , Mandhane Piush , Turvey Stuart E. , Lou Wendy , Sears Malcolm R. , Ratjen Felix , Subbarao Padmaja
Published: May 2018

Background

Pulmonary function testing is commonly performed for diagnosis and clinical management of respiratory diseases. It is important to use appropriate reference equations from healthy subjects for interpretation of data from infants with lung disease. This study aimed to determine if published reference equations were similar to forced flow measures and plethysmographic infant pulmonary function testing data collected in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study.

Methods

Reference equations for five pulmonary function variables (FEV0.5, FVC, FEF25‐75, FEV0.5/FVC ratio and plethysmography (FRCpleth)) were developed using data from the nSpire system. New reference equations developed using healthy data from the CHILD Study were compared to previously published reference equations for forced flow and plethysmographic measures.

Results

The current analysis included 131 infants (on 181 test occasions) with forced flow measures and 161 infants (on 246 test occasions) with plethysmography measures, aged 3–24 months. Age and length were major determinants of both forced flow and plethysmography measures. In addition, ethnicity (Caucasian vs non‐Caucasian) was significantly associated with FEV0.5/FVC and FEF25‐75 measures. We found that the published reference equations based on custom‐built equipment or commercially available systems provided poor fit to our current pulmonary function testing data, resulting in placing a large proportion of our healthy population outside the normal ranges.

Conclusions

Our current data support the need for population and device specific reference data for infant pulmonary function studies. By deriving new equipment‐specific reference equations for our healthy population, we provide normative data to other centers utilizing this equipment.