bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genome sequence of the black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Lopez Colom Rosa , O’Brien Michelle ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Chroicocephalus ridibundus (the black-headed gull; Chordata; Aves; Charadriiformes; Laridae). The genome sequence spans 1,417.60 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 33 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.82 kilobases in length. The genome has been annotated on Ensembl, which reports 15,628 protein coding genes.
Looking at the Trees to See the Forest: Construal Level Shift in Strategic Problem Framing and Formulation
Authors: Park Chan Hyung , Baer Markus , Nickerson Jackson
Published: February 2025

Effective strategy development, evaluation, and implementation starts with a comprehensive understanding of strategic problems. However, developing such an understanding is often challenging due to the complexity of such problems and because how they can be solved is not yet known. Managers often oversimplify these problems by focusing on a few symptoms and obvious causes. Research indicates that big picture, abstract thinking helps managers explore underlying causes more flexibly, but it can also lead to overlooking key symptoms that do not fit existing frameworks. Instead, concrete thinking is likely essential for individuals to identify the full range of symptoms characterizing strategic problems. Because symptoms are essential for fully understanding strategic problems—they are the building blocks for managers to build theories about causes—both concrete and abstract thinking may be necessary. Drawing on construal level theory, we propose a construal level shift model. The central claim of our model is that managers benefit from first adopting a low construal level (concrete) thinking when framing strategic problems to identify all relevant symptoms. The benefit of a high construal level (abstract) thinking lies in combining these symptoms more flexibly to theorize more comprehensively about the underlying causes. Two experimental studies and one correlational study, involving samples of working individuals, managers, and experienced executives, support our model. Our findings contribute to the behavioral and knowledge-based views of the firm, the theory-based view of strategy, and managerial cognition research.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2024.19134 .
An application of nowcasting methods: Cases of norovirus during the winter 2023/2024 in England
Authors: Mellor Jonathon , Tang Maria L. , Finch Emilie , Christie Rachel , Polhill Oliver , Overton Christopher E. , Hoban Ann , Douglas Amy , Deeny Sarah R. , Ward Thomas
Published: February 2025

Background

Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, adding to strain on healthcare systems. Diagnostic test reporting of norovirus is often delayed, resulting in incomplete data for real-time surveillance.

Methods

To nowcast the real-time case burden of norovirus a generalised additive model (GAM), semi-mechanistic Bayesian joint process and delay model “epinowcast”, and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) model including syndromic surveillance data were developed. These models were evaluated over weekly nowcasts using a probabilistic scoring framework.

Results

Using the weighted interval score (WIS) we show a heuristic approach is outperformed by models harnessing time delay corrections, with daily mean WIS = 7.73, 3.03, 2.29 for the baseline, “epinowcast”, and GAM, respectively. Forecasting approaches were reliable in the event of temporally changing reporting values, with WIS = 4.57 for the BSTS model. However, the syndromic surveillance (111 online pathways) did not improve the BSTS model, WIS = 10.28, potentially indicating poor correspondence between surveillance indicators.

Interpretation

Analysis of surveillance data enhanced by nowcasting delayed reporting improves understanding over simple model assumptions, important for real-time decision making. The modelling approach needs to be informed by the patterns of the reporting delay and can have large impacts on operational performance and insights produced.
A composite subunit vaccine confers full protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
Authors: Boakye-Appiah Justice Kofi , Tran Andy C. , Paul Matthew J. , Hart Peter , Phillips Richard O. , Harrison Thomas S. , Wansbrough-Jones Mark , Reljic Rajko
Published: February 2025

Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, a neglected necrotizing tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Infections mostly occur in remote, rural areas of Central and West Africa, but also in Australia, Japan and Papua New Guinea. There is currently no vaccine against Buruli ulcer disease and all previous attempts using closely related bacteria and subunit proteins have been partially successful only. Here, we tested in mice a composite subunit formulation incorporating the Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone as the immunomodulator, and the antigens Ag85A and Polyketide Synthase Enzyme Ketoreductase A (KRA), formulated with Quil-A adjuvant (‘Burulivac’). Burulivac induced Ag85A and KRA antigen-specific antibodies, T cells and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses, which conferred absolute protection against Buruli ulcer disease in the mouse footpad model over a 14-week period of observation. This was superior to both live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, that is, BCG and an avirulent M. ulcerans strain that lacks the mycolactone toxin (MuΔ). Interleukin 10 was found to be strongly associated with protection. We suggest that Burulivac is a promising vaccine candidate against Buruli ulcer disease that warrants further exploration.
Design of a clinical balance tool for fall risk assessments: A development and usability study
Authors: Garvin Jennifer Hornung , Yazzie Virginia M. , Katsuyama Natalie A. , Rudloff Truman , Worthen-Chaudhari Lise C. , Chaudhari Ajit M. W.
Published: February 2025

Background

Falls are a significant source of early morbidity and mortality in the aging population, yet clinical changes that lead to increased fall risks often escape early identification and intervention. A device to measure postural control would facilitate evidence-based fall risk assessment.

Objectives

Our objectives were to iteratively develop a prototype quantitative posture instrument (QuPI) to replace the weight scale and to assess barriers and facilitators of its implementation in a clinical setting.

Methods

We undertook an iterative formative evaluation and usability study of QuPI prototypes in primary care, medical oncology, sports medicine, cardiology, and endocrinology outpatient clinics. Clinicians evaluated an initial QuPI prototype and completed a semi-structured interview to determine critical functionality, inform design, and assess usability. The QuPI was then modified according to the results, and a new prototype was tested and evaluated.

Results

Eighteen clinicians participated in both rounds of interviews. Clinicians who participated (referred to as participants) reported willingness to use the QuPI with all patients during the first round of interviews and stated they would replace their current weight scale with the modified QuPI during the second round of interviews. Participants identified design elements that were both facilitators and barriers to use. Usability scores for both prototypes were excellent. Despite several national guidelines for fall risk assessments, lack of consistent use of guidelines by care teams was found to be a barrier to effective fall risk assessments.

Conclusion

The QuPI provides a new method for quantifying fall risks with good user acceptance, usability, and clinical feasibility without disrupting workflow. The QuPI supplemented and facilitated the use of standard algorithms for fall risk assessment. Greater education of the entire care team regarding evidence-based fall risk assessment will promote adherence to guidelines and fall prevention.
Velocities of hippocampal traveling waves are proportional to their coherence frequency
Authors: Goelman Gadi , Benoliel Tal , Israel Zvi , Heymann Sami , Leon Juan , Ekstein Dana
Published: February 2025

Cortical traveling waves, defined by their spatial, temporal, and frequency characteristics, provide key insights into active brain regions, timing, frequency, and the direction of activity propagation. Emerging evidence suggests that the directionality and spatiotemporal extent of these waves encode cognitive processes. However, the relationship between frequency and this encoding mechanism remains unclear. We investigate the hypothesis that coherence frequency determines wave propagation velocity. By employing both bivariate linear and multivariate nonlinear coherence analyses, we demonstrate that coherence frequency encodes propagation velocity. Unlike linear analyses, which may overestimate velocities due to bidirectional flow when assessing multiple pair coherences, our nonlinear approach—calculating propagation along four-node pathways—treats pathways as holistic units with net unidirectional flow, making it more appropriate for calculating wave velocities. We extracted pairwise coherence and four-node pathways from local field potentials recorded via intracranial electrodes positioned along the hippocampal longitudinal axis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Our findings reveal that average coherence values and contact pair distances calculated by the multivariate analysis are more consistent across frequencies compared to pairwise coherence. The average coherence values are higher, and the average pair distances and wave velocities are lower in the multivariate analysis than in the pairwise approach. Propagation velocities along the hippocampus at low frequencies (<~35 Hz) exhibit a linear dependence on frequency in the alpha and beta bands, with a steeper slope in the gamma band, indicating distinct mechanisms for velocity-frequency dependence across oscillation bands. While observed within the hippocampus, these findings suggest that the relationship between frequency and wave velocity may extend to other cortical areas. Our nonlinear multivariate analysis appears better suited than pairwise coherence for investigating brain network dynamics. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of conduction velocity in brain function.
The impact of globalization, renewable energy, and labor on sustainable development: A cross-country analysis
Authors: Chuong Huynh Ngoc , Uyen Vo Tran Phuong , Ngan Nguyen Dang Phuong , Tram Nguyen Thi Bao , Han Nguyen Dao Mai , Duyen Pham Hoang Khanh
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development stands as both a goal and a prevailing trend in the global economy all the time. However, a comprehensive understanding of the internal and external determinants influencing sustainable development is necessary for the formulation of appropriate policies and development strategies. This research investigates dimensions of sustainable development in the panel data of 104 selected countries from 2000 to 2020. These economies are categorized into four groups based on the level of development. The exclusive role is given to the impact of three key factors, based on the triple bottom line (TBL) model, such as globalization, labor, and renewable energy on sustainable development. We employ the panel unit root tests, cointegration tests, and pool mean group (PMG) approach to estimate the relationships between globalization, renewable energy, labor force, and sustainable development. The results indicate the positive effects of globalization, labor, and renewable energy on sustainable development. Furthermore, a higher level of renewable energy consumption promotes sustainable development within the divided groups. The findings highlight that the labor factor has a positive impact on the sustainable development of all groups of economies. Thereby, the sustainability policy are implied to focus on the educational policy, improving social stability and renewable energy sources, particularly in the middle trap countries.
Mediating effect of illness perception between self-care ability and health-promoting behaviors among patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Gong Xinyue , Cheng Jing , Wu Yingting , Wang Sihan , Zhu Ying , Liu Changyi , He Fei , Xu Kehui
Published: February 2025

Background

The interaction between illness perception, self-care ability, and health-promoting behaviors (HPB) in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients remains uncertain. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore the correlation between self-care ability, illness perception, and HPB among patients with SCAD, as well as the potential mediating role of illness perception between self-care ability and HPB.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 184 inpatients with SCAD in Hefei, China, from December 2022 to March 2023. The Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory (SC-CHDI, containing three dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence), Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R, containing seven dimensions: illness duration, illness consequence, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence, cyclical timeline, emotional distress), Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ) were used in the questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 software and PROCESS version 4.2 plug-in was used to analyze the mediating effect.

Results

HPB of SCAD patients was at moderate level. A range of factors including education level, marital status, self-care maintenance, self-care management, self-care confidence, illness coherence, and emotional distress are potential influencers of HPB. Illness coherence had a partially mediated effect between self-care maintenance and HPB (β = 0.063, 95% CI: 0.021~0.111), accounting for 20.59% of the total effect. Similarly, illness coherence had a partially mediated effect between self-care management and HPB (β = 0.055, 95% CI: 0.016~0.105), accounting for 13.78% of the total effect. However, none of the dimensions of illness perception mediated between self-care confidence and HPB. Self-care confidence directly influenced HPB, accounting for 92.40% of the total effect.

Conclusion

It is necessary for hospital healthcare workers, community workers, and patients’ families to work together to focus on the self-care ability and positive illness perception of patients with cardiovascular disease, so as to increase patients’ motivation to participate in HPB and improve their quality of life.
Factors associated with phosphate homeostasis in children with beta-thalassemia major: An analytical cross sectional study from Pakistan
Authors: Jafri Lena , Jameel Farooqui Arsala , Moiz Bushra , Sheikh Aisha , Majid Hafsa , Nadeem Sarah , Quddus Ruhul , Khan Samia , Khan Qurat-ul-Ain , Habib Khan Aysha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Children with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) commonly experience metabolic bone diseases. Understanding fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels in these children can shed light on phosphate dysregulation. This study aimed to assess changes in phosphate homeostasis and associated factors, including FGF-23 and explore relationships between iron overload, FGF23 levels, and phosphorus regulation for clinical management of phosphate disorders, in children with β-TM.

Methods

143 β-TM patients (57.3% male, median age 12 years) were recruited from Fatimid Foundation Karachi, a blood transfusion facility from January to October 2022. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, including serum ferritin, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), vitamin D levels, and FGF-23. Descriptive and inferential statistics including multivariable analysis were applied.

Results

This study enrolled 143 patients, with 57.3% males. The median age was 12 years, with 53% underweight. Blood transfusion rates varied, with 66.4% receiving 2/month. Bone/joint pain was reported by 76.2%, with 60.8% requiring analgesics. Median serum ferritin was 2768.3 ng/mL. Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia were observed in 5.6% and 3.5% of participants, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency affected 92.3%. Plasma c-FGF23 was elevated in 60.8%, while i-FGF23 was high in 14%. A low TMP-GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was associated with high c-FGF23 and low i-FGF23. Multivariable regression revealed c-FGF23, TMP:GFR, Corrected Ca, iPTH, and an interaction term between corrected Ca and iPTH as predictors of serum P variability (~75%).

Conclusion

The study identified contributors to the variations observed in serum P levels in individuals with β-TM and recommends multidisciplinary care and prospective future studies to form targeted interventions for this population.
Durability analysis of rotary direct drive electro-hydraulic pressure servo valve based on failure physics principle
Authors: Zhang Jianrui , Wei Xing , Li Ni , Pan Xiaonan , Sun Yitong
Published: February 2025

The rotary direct drive electro-hydraulic servo valve (RDDPV) is extensively employed in hydraulic systems across aerospace, automotive, and various industrial sectors owing to its remarkable precision and rapid response characteristics. The investigation of the durability life of such devices, constituting intricate amalgamations of mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic components, has perennially posed a formidable challenge. To address this challenge, our study proposes a methodology grounded in failure mechanisms to systematically quantify the durability life of RDDPV. In conjunction with finite element analysis, this study delves into the fatigue durability of the transmission mechanism and the wear durability of the slide valve—two components recognized as vulnerabilities within the RDDPV. Initially, a novel approach is proposed that integrates probability theory and fuzzy theory with the traditional Miner theory, enhancing the accuracy of fatigue life predictions for transmission mechanisms. Subsequently, a meticulous examination of the wear mechanism of the slide valve ensued, wherein we quantitatively characterized the radial wear between the valve core and sleeve using the degree of line wear. Ultimately, employing durability index calculations, the total operational life of the valve is ascertained at about 435,000 hours, thereby aligning with national standards. This research methodology not only contributes significantly to the field but also holds substantial reference value for the precise quantification of the durability life of analogous electro-hydraulic pressure servo valves.
Impact of COVID-19 on admission and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Korea: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Hwang Soo-Hee , Chang Youngs , Bai Haibin , Yun Jieun , Lee Hyejin , Lee Jin Yong
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on admission and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

We constructed a dataset of monthly hospitalizations and mortality of inpatients with AMI from January 2017 to December 2021 utilizing the National Health Insurance Claims Data which covers nearly the entire population. Using an interrupted time series (ITS), we investigated how COVID-19 affected hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths of patients with AMI.

Results

During the study period, the average age of patients with AMI was 65.2–65.8 years, and the ratio of men to women was higher, with 73.0–75.3% of patients being men and 24.7–27.0% being women. ITS analysis showed that admission rates of patients with AMI decreased one per 100,000 population due to COVID-19 (P<0.001). Reductions in admission rates were greatest among men, those aged 55 and older, and people with medical aid. COVID-19 did not affect inpatient mortality (p = 0.9608), but in-hospital mortality decreased from 12% to 7% in the medical aid group.

Conclusion

Overall, we found that COVID-19 had an impact on admission rates of patients with AMI but did not have a significant impact on in-hospital mortality. However, we also found differential impacts by sex, age, and socioeconomic status, indicating some may be more vulnerable. This highlights the importance of identifying and supporting these vulnerable populations to prevent poorer health outcomes.
Terahertz Irradiation Promotes Angiogenesis in vitro by Enhancing Permeability of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel
Authors: Li Jichang , Guo Hongjie , Tan Linxia , Chen Meng , Wang Xin , Liu Yucun , Chen Shanwen , Wang Yingxin , Yu Hao , Wang Pengyuan
Published: February 2025

Terahertz (THz) waves, positioned between microwave and infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum, have promising applications in medical imaging and biomedicine. In this study, terahertz irradiation at 2.52 THz (100 mW/cm2) did not alter the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but significantly enhanced their angiogenic capacity. This enhancement was accompanied by increased levels of angiogenesis-related proteins such as VEGF in the culture supernatant. ATAC sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed a significant increase in the expression of cytoskeleton-associated genes, including PDXP and SH3BP1, post-irradiation. Additionally, intracellular calcium concentration, closely linked to angiogenesis, markedly increased following terahertz exposure. However, diltiazem significantly mitigated the enhanced angiogenic capacity induced by terahertz irradiation. In conclusion, terahertz irradiation promotes angiogenesis in HUVECs, partly by activating the VEGF signaling pathway through increased calcium fluxes.
Optimization of external container delivery and pickup scheduling based on appointment mechanism
Authors: Huang Pengfei , Wang Hao , Tan Fangjiao , Jiang Yuyue , Cai Jinfen
Published: February 2025

Port transport efficiency has become an urgent issue that needs to be improved, especially the coordination among truck drivers during peak hours. Previous studies mainly focus on one-way container transportation logistics issues, but container movements often occur simultaneously in both directions in practice. Therefore, this study aims to minimize truck companies’ operational costs by establishing an optimization model for external truck scheduling. This model takes soft time windows and an appointment feedback mechanism into consideration. Building upon the traditional Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, this paper introduces an adaptive version of the ACO algorithm. The improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (IACO) incorporates a time window width impact factor and a time deviation consideration into its state transition rules, enhancing its adaptability. Furthermore, by integrating Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the algorithm intelligently tunes the pheromone and heuristic factors of ACO, achieving automatic parameter optimization. Through case studies, we have demonstrated the superior performance of this algorithm in addressing relevant problems. The results show that, in terms of truck operational costs, the improved algorithm reduces costs by 10.96% and 3.02% compared to traditional Ant Colony Optimization and Variable Neighborhood Search algorithms, respectively, and by 4.89% compared to manual scheduling. These results demonstrate that the adaptive Ant Colony Optimization algorithm exhibits clear advantages in optimization capability and stability. The algorithm effectively allocates truck tasks within each time window, thereby reducing fleet costs, improving truck turnover efficiency, mitigating port congestion, and ultimately enhancing container logistics efficiency, achieving the goals of peak shaving and valley filling.
New horizons in live and dehydrated black soldier fly larvae usage: Behavioral and welfare implications in “Bianca di Saluzzo” cockerels
Authors: Bongiorno Valentina , Fiorilla Edoardo , Gariglio Marta , Zambotto Valeria , Cappone Eleonora Erika , Bergagna Stefania , Manenti Isabella , Macchi Elisabetta , Gai Francesco , Schiavone Achille
Published: February 2025

The literature on poultry welfare and behavior reports numerous promising effects derived from the administration of live or dehydrated black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as environmental enrichment; however, their use in slow-growing male chickens has never been evaluated. To fill this gap, we divided a total of 144 Bianca di Saluzzo male chicks aged 39 days old into three experimental groups (six replicates, eight birds/replicate): control (C, no enrichment provided), dehydrated larvae (DL, 4.12% as fed), and live larvae (LL, 15.38% as fed), and reared until 147 days of age. Explorative and aggressive behavior patterns were analyzed, in concomitance with a tonic immobility test and the avoidance distance test, heterophile to lymphocyte -H/L- ratio), and excreta corticosterone metabolites (ECM) matrices. Overall, LL and DL supplementation were both effective at mitigating aggressive interactions among chickens (P < 0.05), while the frequency of indoor explorative behavior was lower in the LL group compared with C and DL (P < 0.01). By contrast, we found no differences in fear reduction during the avoidance distance test in the LL or DL groups compared with C (P < 0.05). We found a trend for the H/L ratio to be C < LL<DL (P = 0.051), and ECM concentrations were significantly lower in DL and LL groups compared with C (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the use of DL and LL as environmental enrichment have the potential to produce beneficial outcomes in slow-growing male chickens.
Il punto di partenza del sapere. Rosmini erede critico di Hegel
Authors: Pagani Paolo
Published: February 2025

Il contributo considera l’eredità che, nella sua Teosofia, Rosmini riprende dalla Scienza della logica di Hegel sul tema del punto di partenza del sapere. L’“essere iniziale” come punto di partenza di diritto del sapere è una acquisizione — di matrice ultimamente classica, e in particolare scolastica — che Hegel e Rosmini rimettono al centro della riflessione filosofica moderna. Entrambi convengono nel riconoscere all’essere il carattere della automanifestatività, ma i due autori divergono nella individuazione della dialetticità che ad esso compete. Hegel proietta sull’essere una movenza dialettica che è propria del soggetto conoscente, Rosmini cerca invece di individuare le tensioni dialettiche che all’essere stesso — nella sua astrattezza — competono.
Las fuentes de la filosofía inglesa en el pensamiento rosminiano: el caso “John Locke”
Authors: Tadini Samuele
Published: February 2025

Al considerar la Lógica de Rosmini y el conocido Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano de Locke, es posible encontrar algunos elementos de comparación, útiles para poner de relieve una posible relectura de los dos pensadores, libre de paradigmas interpretativos preestablecidos. Más allá de las diferencias entre los dos filósofos, se puede constatar un cierto grado de acuerdo sobre ciertos temas, relativos al lenguaje, la verdad de las proposiciones, la verdad absoluta, la demostración de la existencia de Dios a partir del yo concreto, la probabilidad, el consenso, la relación entre la razón y la fe y el error. Este acercamiento es significativo y, desde un punto de vista histórico-teórico, nada desdeñable.
Dag Hammarskjöld, the “epochè” of solitary meditation
Authors: Cesarone Virgilio
Published: February 2025

Dag Hammarskjöld, UN Secretary General who died in 1961, tried to work towards a conciliation for peace by virtue of personal isolation through a suspension of specific political militancy. The intention of this contribution is to allow the “political” virtue of the epochè to emerge, as it can be understood from his written legacy, and consequently his political action. The parallelism between the phenomenological attitude and that proper to Hammarskjöld’s meditations must be stripped of all the gnoseological peculiarities belonging to the modern subject. If, in fact, the epochè of Husserlian is a return of all the primordial contents of consciousness to an identical subject of knowledge, in Hammarskjöld, the ‘subject’ is the one who seeks the originality of giving oneself to consciousness in listening to one’s own freedom, which is not the arbitrariness of the ability to “do”, but the attention, with respect to what the world offers us.
Inventories as Keys to Exploring Castles as Cultural Heritage
Authors: Antenhofer Christina , Gruber-Tokić Elisabeth , Hiebel Gerald , Matschinegg Ingrid , Posch Claudia , Rampl Gerhard
Published: February 2025

This article explores the potential of engaging the public in an ongoing interdisciplinary research project on castle inventories at the universities of Salzburg and Innsbruck. Our aim is to create a digital platform that uses inventories as a key to explore the living conditions in late medieval and early modern castles. In this article, we want to give an initial insight into the research project in terms of the theme of this volume: how the digital platform we are creating will contribute to engaging the public with material culture projects. We start from the hypothesis that inventories are neither objective nor simple lists of things, but products of an inventory practice, with traces of this activity, found both in the texts and in the materiality of the archival records. They contain a wealth of information on relations between things, people, activities, rooms, and the words used for them. We use digital methods of text recognition to interpret a corpus of 130 castle inventories from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries in the historical region of Tyrol (Austria/Italy) as historical sources and on castles as social spaces. With ontological modelling and deduction from the archival records, we want to make the historical practice of creating inventories visible and use the information to explore everyday life at the castles. For selected castles, we will combine historical data with results from building history to create virtual room books. Digital tools will allow presenting the relations of objects, spaces, individuals, actions, and social practices and provide results for the scientific community as well as for the interested public.
Undergraduate Psychology Students’ Perceptions of Open Research: The Relationship Between Statistics Understanding, Attitudes, and Questionable Research Practices
Authors: Clark Kait , Lindsay Adele , Gilligan-Lee Katie A. , de-Wit Lee , Scott-Samuel Nicholas E. , Azevedo Flavio , Pennington Charlotte R.
Published: February 2025

Following growing awareness of replication concerns in research and the rise of Open Research (OR), psychologists have begun investigating what contributes to Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) amongst academics but less so amongst students. Undergraduates represent the next generation of psychologists, and recent changes in the undergraduate psychology curricula across UK universities have enhanced and modernised the provision of research methods and statistics teaching. Still, students continue to struggle with statistics, and how students perceive OR practices may be associated with their experiences learning statistics. In this two-study UK-wide project, we employed a series of online questionnaires to investigate the relationships between various factors including statistics understanding and attitudes and undergraduate students’ perceptions of OR and QRPs. In Study 1 (N = 267), we found that, in final-year psychology students, awareness of OR was related to perceptions of QRPs as well as statistics confidence and grades. In Study 2 (N = 695), in psychology students across all years, we found that attitudes toward statistics were associated with statistics confidence, competence, and attitudes toward learning about OR. We also found that statistics interpretation aptitude and statistics attitudes predicted perceptions of OR. Our findings have important implications for the teaching of OR, science, and statistics, and for incorporating OR into higher education curricula.
Vidim dobra Postira: razvojne prilike i prijetnje otočnoj zajednici na Bračuice u Srednjoj Dalmaciji (Hrvatska)
Authors: Mišetić Andrija , Lukić Aleksandar
Published: February 2025

Many settlements on the Croatian coast, especially the smaller ones, have developed in recent decades mainly due to the tourism industry, which brings numerous advantages, but also disadvantages. However, this does not have to be the case and is not always the case. To show an example of a different, balanced development, the municipality of Postira was chosen, which has a long tradition of a diversified economy based on its development in three branches - agriculture (olive growing), industry (Sardina fish factory) and the omnipresent tourism. The aim of the research is to identify benefits and developmental threats through the analysis of the attitudes and opinions of the local population and stakeholders. The research results were obtained through semi-structured interviews, with questions divided into six sections derived from contextualizing the concept of insularity in the specificities of the Croatian islands: lifestyle, transportation, projects, economy youth and future. Although the research confirmed the existence of a diversified and resilient economy that provides the inhabitants of Postira with a high level of employment opportunities as well as a high level of quality of life, problems such as the lack of leisure activities and the threat to the balance of the existing economic structure due to the new hotel and the increase in private accommodation units were also identified. This paper deals with the current living situation in the municipal settlements of Postira and Dol, and also points out the dangers and opportunities that the population is yet to encounter, and presents its predominantly optimistic view of the future.
Sukob geopolitičkog diskursa na primjeru geografskog imena otoka Lokruma
Authors: Sutlović Julijan
Published: February 2025

Sukob geopolitičkog diskursa prikazan je kroz primjer različitih geografskih imena otoka Lokruma na ranonovovjekovnim pomorskim kartama i u peljarima. Analizirajući geopolitičku dinamiku između Mletačke Republike i Dubrovačke Republike, istraživanje ističe kako geografska imena (toponimi) odražavaju i utječu na teritorijalne ambicije i političke narative. Metodološki pristup obuhvaća komparativnu kvalitativnu analizu povijesnih kartografskih izvora i navigacijskih priručnika, koristeći interdisciplinarni pristup koji uključuje suvremene istraživačke paradigme, poput prekograničnosti, imagologije, kulturne geografije i geopolitičkog diskursa, kako bi se istražila upotreba toponima u kontekstu različitih čimbenika, kao što su politička ideologija i kartografska tradicija. Rezultati otkrivaju da je imenovanje otoka Lokruma različitim imenima, kao što su: lacroma, croma i sl. te Scoglio di San Marco, služilo kao alat za afirmaciju dominacije i oblikovanje političkog diskursa. Posebna pažnja posvećena je ulozi toponima kao sredstava političke i kulturne hegemonije, prikazujući kako su moćne države koristile kartografiju za opravdanje svojih teritorijalnih pretenzija. Analiza pokazuje kako kartografski prikazi ne samo da reflektiraju, već i aktivno sudjeluju u konstruiranju i perpetuaciji ideoloških narativa. Istraživanje doprinosi širem razumijevanju načina na koji kartografija i toponimija funkcioniraju kao instrumenti unutar geopolitičkog diskursa, pružajući nove uvide u geopolitičke procese.
Posthumous Justice: A Socio-Legal Interpretation of Rights of The Dead
Authors: P. C. Harigovind , P. S. Rakesh
Published: February 2025

Rights have always been regarded as a subject matter of personhood. At the same time, the understanding of personhood has extended beyond the limit of living human beings. Today, the world has witnessed the transgression of the concept to non-human and even artificial entities. The core value of such recognition is to confer rights and thereby ensure their legitimate protection. To this conundrum comes a dead body, especially that of a human being. This paper attempts to delve into the aspects of personhood, the rights of the dead and the need of positive state action for protecting a person's dignity even after the end of their natural life. The discussion examines these aspects in the wake of various actions performed on the dead, which would otherwise be deemed offensive if the person was alive.
Expression Patterns of Matricellular Proteins in Metastatic Breast Cancer at the Background of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: NEBORETS A.D. , NIKOLAYENKO S.I. , SMOLANKA I.I. , KROTEVYCH M.S. , MED V.V. , GICHKA S.G. , CHEKHUN V.F.
Published: February 2025

Background. Metastatic breast cancer (mBCa) is one of the main causes of mortality among postmenopausal women with malignant neoplasms. Numerous studies indicate the feasibility of using bone matrix remodeling proteins to predict the BC course. Aim. To investigate the relationship between osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin (ON) expression levels in tumor tissue of patients of menopausal age with primary mBCa (pmBCa) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) taking into account the clinicopathological features of the disease. Materials and Methods. The study included 54 menopausal patients with pmBCa, 23 from whom had manifestations of MetS, while 31 patients were without MetS. The expression of matricellular proteins (OPN and ON) was determined immunohistochemically. Results. In tumor tissue of patients with MetS and pmBCa of category N3, an increase in the level of OPN expression (H-Score of 265.6 ± 7.7, p < 0.05) was recorded along with a decrease in the expression level of ON (H-Score of 123.2 ± 7.7, p < 0.05). The invasive lobular pmBCa in patients with MetS was characterized by a significant decrease in the level of OPN expression ( H-Score of 219.4 ± 8.4) and an increase in ON expression (H-Score of 144.8 ± 7.5). In the patients with MetS, a significant decrease in ON expression (p < 0.05) was recorded in the tumor tissue of luminal A, luminal B, and Her2/neu subtypes ( H-Scores of 140.2 ± 7.8, 119.3 ± 10.2, and 110.0 ± 7.7, respectively). Among the cases of pmBCa with diagnosed metastatic liver disease, ON expression in tumor tissue was lower in patients with MetS (H-Score of 146.2±9.1). Conclusions. The obtained data demonstrated the relationship between the expression indicators of matricellular proteins in the pmBCa tissue and the degree of malignancy and indicated the prospects for further studies of their prognostic value in the presence of MetS.
Privatizáció az oktatásban – magán- és egyházi iskolát választó középosztálybeli szülők stratégiái és narratívái
Authors: Berényi Eszter
Published: February 2025

A magyar oktatási rendszer privatizációja nem csupán az állami iskolák számának
csökkenését eredményezi, hanem mélyreható társadalmi következményekkel is jár,
különösen a szülői felelősség és a társadalmi szelekció vonatkozásában.
Budapesti szülőkkel iskolaválasztási témában készült interjúk arról tanúskodnak,
hogy a magániskolák esetében bizonyos pedagógiai elvek és módszerek és az egyéni
igényekkel való törődés keresése hangsúlyos a szülők részéről; az egyházi
iskoláknál pedig a vallásos közeg keresése és a biztonság az elsődleges
szempontok. Az iskolaválasztás sokszor komoly lelki terhet ró a szülőkre, amely
gyakran stresszhez és szorongáshoz vezet, s végső soron azáltal járul hozzá a
társadalmi szelekció felerősödéséhez, hogy a gyerekükről való gondoskodás egyik
fő eleme a szülők számára a „megfelelő közeg” keresése lesz.
Elsőgenerációs hallgatók a felsőoktatásban
Authors: Szemerszki Marianna
Published: February 2025

Az Európai Felsőoktatási Térség országaiban egyre nagyobb figyelem irányul a
felsőoktatás szociális dimenziójára. Tanulmányunkban az EUROSTUDENT 8 kutatás
hazai hallgatói adatai alapján vizsgáljuk, hogy a szülők iskolai végzettségének
különbségei hogyan jelennek meg a hallgatók felsőoktatási tanulmányai során.
Megállapítható, hogy az elsőgenerációs hallgatók számos ponton szembesülnek
nehézségekkel, részben a bemenetkor, részben a felsőfokú tanulmányok
időszakában, amikor nagyobb anyagi és munkavállalási terhek jellemzik őket. Az
eltérő előképzettségből eredő hátrányok és lemaradások a képzés folyamatában sok
tekintetben kompenzálásra kerülnek, de a szülői iskolázottság szerinti eltérések
nem tűnnek el teljesen. Adataink arra is rávilágítanak, hogy az elsőgenerációs
hallgatókon belül különösen az a csoport érdemel nagyobb figyelmet a támogatások
terén, ahol a szülők egyike sem rendelkezik érettségivel.
Evaluation of the physiological parameters, quality of sedation and reversal with the use of atipamezole in mules (Equus) sedated with dexmedetomidine
Authors: Santos M.R.T. , Beiriz M.P. , Carreira A.G. , Mendonça C.C. , Souza E.E.G. , Santos A.J.F. , Gering A.P. , Almeida K.S. , Silva M.A.G.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the sedative, cardiorespiratory, and intestinal motility effects of dexmedetomidine administered intravenously in mules, before and after the use of the reversal agent. All animals were sedated with the recommended dose, with a significant decrease in HR until T30, returning to close to baseline values at T40. MINT reduced significantly between T10 and T50. Significant hyperglycemia was observed at T10. A significant reduction in head height was detected, with the highest values being observed at T20. In relation to tactile, auditory, and coordination stimuli, a significant reduction was noted, for the first two until T30 and for the latter until T10. After using the reversal agent, MINT returned to normal. It is concluded that the use of dexmedetomidine at a dose of 5mcg/kg in mules is safe and that it promotes a sedative effect for a period of 30 minutes. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the undesirable effect on intestinal motility, as this increases the predisposition to colic syndrome; the reversal agent atipamezole is effective for reversing intestinal motility.
Audit opinion determinants in Brazilian State-owned companies
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Alves dos Santos , Dantas José Alves
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify audit opinion modification determinants in Brazilian State-owned companies. Audit opinion modification may indicate risk factors, but studies are still incipient in State-owned companies, which have particular characteristics, especially with regard to controlling shareholder’s dependence and governance and management structure. The findings are useful to regulatory and/or control bodies, as well as to public managers and auditors, as they indicate red flags about State-owned companies, in addition to providing means for discussion on State participation in the economy and government investment efficiency, highlighting risk factors associated with State-owned companies. The results may be used by auditors as a way to anticipate and mitigate audit risk, decreasing or increasing the scope and depth of planned testing. They can also help management anticipate future opinion modifications and prevent weaknesses. A Logit model was applied to test hypotheses regarding characteristics of audit firms and audited companies, considering 2,268 observations related to 233 federal and state-level State-owned companies, from 2001 to 2022. The tests revealed that audit opinion modification in Brazilian State-owned companies is: positively associated with audit delay, opinion modification in the previous fiscal year, the fact that a State-owned company is fiscally dependent, and company size; and negatively associated with: audits performed by the big four, audit tenure, profitability level, federal control of State-owned companies, and audit complexity. These results contribute to grasping audit dynamics in the State environment, highlighting variables specific to State-owned companies, such as dependence, in addition to providing means for regulatory and control bodies in assessing what is expected from entity management and auditors.
Determinantes da opinião de auditoria em estatais brasileiras
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Alves dos Santos , Dantas José Alves
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os determinantes da modificação de opinião de auditoria em estatais brasileiras. A modificação de opinião de auditoria pode indicar fatores de risco, mas os estudos são incipientes em estatais, as quais apresentam características particulares, especialmente quanto à dependência do controlador e à estrutura de governança e de gestão. Os achados são úteis aos órgãos reguladores e/ou de controle, bem como aos gestores públicos e auditores, por indicarem red flags associadas às estatais, além de oferecer subsídios às discussões sobre a participação do Estado na economia e a eficiência dos investimentos governamentais, ressaltando fatores de risco associados às estatais. Os resultados podem ser utilizados pelos auditores como forma de antecipar e mitigar o risco de auditoria, reduzindo ou aumentando a extensão e profundidade dos testes previstos. Também podem auxiliar a administração a antever futuras modificações de opinião e a prevenir fragilidades. Foi aplicado modelo Logit para testar hipóteses relativas às características das firmas de auditoria e das empresas auditadas, contemplando 2.268 observações relativas a 233 estatais federais e estaduais, de 2001 a 2022. Os testes revelaram que a modificação de opinião de auditoria em estatais brasileiras é: positivamente associada ao audit delay, à modificação de opinião no exercício anterior, ao fato da estatal ser dependente fiscalmente e ao porte da empresa; e negativamente associada com: as auditorias realizadas por big four, o audit tenure, o nível de rentabilidade, o controle federal das estatais e a complexidade da auditoria. Esses resultados contribuem para a compreensão da dinâmica de auditoria no ambiente estatal, em destaque para variáveis específicas de estatais, como a dependência, além de servirem como subsídios para órgãos regulatórios e de controle na avaliação sobre o que se espera da administração das entidades e dos auditores.
MONITORAMENTO DA POPULAÇÃO DE MARIPOSA ORIENTAL GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA (BUSCK, 1916) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) PELA UTILIZAÇÃO DE FEROMÔNIO SEXUAL SINTÉTICO
Authors: Ioneda Toshico , Olivati J. , Takematsu A. P. , Martins F. P. , Pinto A.
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Este trabalho relata os resultados do monitoramento da população de Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) com feromônio sexual sintético, efetuado em campo experimental cultivado com pessegueiro, de fins de agosto de 1983 a agosto de 1986. De um modo geral, os picos populacionais foram observados durante os meses mais quentes do ano. A temperatura constituiu fator importante na dinâmica da população da mariposa oriental. Os resultados evidenciam que o feromônio sexual sintético de G. molesta é um instrumento de grande utilidade na detecção de áreas infestadas e dos diferentes níveis populacionais.