bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment Duration on the Physical Properties of IRM®/Polylactic Acid Composite Filling Materials
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Chao Tzu Hsuan , Lu Chao Tsang , Lu Po Ching , Lin Jia Horng
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment duration on the physical properties of the composite filling material. This study uses Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM®) as matrix and 2 % of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber as reinforcing material to make the IRM®/PLA composite filling material. Before being infused into the IRM® matrix, the 2-mm long PLA fiber is treated by NaOH solution for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes. The setting time and compressive strength of resulting composite filling materials are evaluated, determining the optimum treatment duration is 60 minutes. The compressive strength is increased by 41 %.
Kinematic Simulation of a Novel RV-Planet Gear Drive with Small Teeth Difference Used in Wind Turbine
Authors: Wei Yan Gang , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2013

A novel RV-planet gear drive with small teeth difference used in wind turbine is developed according to theory of mechanisms and gear mesh, and a national invention patent is granted. The composing elements, kinematic relationship and transmission ratio of RV-planet drive with small teeth difference are analyzed. 3-D virtual drive has been designed and all kinds of interferences have been checked with the software Pro/Engineer. Kinematic simulation of the drive is made with dynamic software ADAM and the transmission ratios and rotation speeds are validated. So a solid foundation to trial-manufacturing the drive is layed.
The Edge Effect and Longitudinal Modification of Involute Gear Drive Used in Automobile
Authors: Wei Yan Gang , Tang Wu Chu
Published: August 2013

Via combining parameterized modeling function of Pro/E with gear mesh principle, the accurate 3-D crowning modification models of involute gears used in automobile are made. The edge effect in meshing process of the gear pair is validated by finite element method. The longitudinal corrections of a gear pair are designed combining crowning technology of roller bearings with the characteristic of gear mesh and using gear mesh principle and contact mechanics theory. Then it is testified by FEA that the maximum stresses of the gears can be reduced effectively since longitudinal correction can avoid the edge effect in the meshing process of the gear pair.
Green Design for Concurrent Engineering in Agriculture Machinery
Authors: Yu Jin Wei
Published: August 2013

According to the problems existing in the serial mode design method ,green design for concurrent engineering is introduced in developing agriculture machinery product to shorten the product developing period ,reduce cost ,reduce pollution ,improve quality preserve environment ,and improve the green degree of agriculture machinery product .The main contents ,design mode and basic characteristics of green design are elaborated in this paper for concurrent engineering .At the same time ,type green design system is also introduced in the pape. Green design for concurrent engineering is a new product exploitation and designmode. As green design for concurrent engineering for agriculture machinery product is demand of the product development, it promotes sustaining progress for agriculture system.
Analysis of the Nonrecursive Advanced Optimal Control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian , Rosu Emil
Published: August 2013

The paper aims to underline the importance of applying complete optimal control to electric drives, in particular to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The proposed optimal control has three components: the feedback componentassures energy minimization; the forcing component assures the zero steady state; the feedforward compensating component assures fast compensation of the disturbance. The methodology of obtaining this type of the advanced optimal control is based on variational calculus. The solution is a nonrecursive one, avoiding memorizing it from the final time to the initial time, as in the recursive case. Moreover, the solution is orientated to numerical implementation by using a zero order hold in order to solve adequately the matrix Riccati differential equation (MRDE). The practical implication of using the proposed method is the on-line computing possibility of the optimal control solution. The influences of the control weighted matrix upon the manipulated variable of the PMSM electric drive are shown by numerical simulation.
Simulation and Analysis of Seven Switch Nine-Level Hybrid Cascaded Inverter for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Thilaga S.R. , Kumar S. Suresh
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a single-phase nine-level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (HCMLI) for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) technique. This technique employs multiple reference signals and a single triangular carrier wave which is used to generate PWM pulses. The inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion and can operate at near-unity power factor. Its performance has been verified based on Total Harmonic Distortion using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Prepayment Electric Energy Meter with Multi-Functional for Multi-User Based on STC11F52XE
Authors: Sun Wei , Tuo Jian Zhi
Published: August 2013

Based on the application of the single-phase electric energy meter, selected the STC11F52XE microcontroller of STC micro technology company and energy measurement chip CS5460A of Cirrus Logic as the controller, sampled the user's voltage and current by time-sharing sampling with the multi-channel analog switch, controlling the ON/OFF of the electric energy of multi-user with the bidirectional holding magnetic relay, design a prepayment electric energy meter with multi-functional for Multi-user based on GPRS communication technology. This meter achieves the electric energy meter standard with one-level.
Study of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhou Lan Ying , Yang Yu Liang
Published: August 2013

Na2SiO3·9H2O and NaAlO2are used as raw materials to synthesize analcime molecular sieve with hydrothermal synthesis. Theinfluence of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, mixing time,aging time, crystallize temperature， crystalize time are also discussed to determine theparameters of synthesis.
Hardware Testable Design of Genetic Algorithm for VLSI Circuits
Authors: Rajeswaran N. , Madhu T. , Suryakalavathi M.
Published: August 2013

Accurate and fast testing of digital circuits is very much essential in real time applications. Hardware analysis of digital circuits, which is otherwise very tedious and time consuming, is attempted using the artificial intelligence technique: Genetic Algorithms (GA). GA is used to find an input sequence to a digital circuit for testing, as it reduces the hardware utilization, complexity and computational time of the circuits. All the GA processes are simulated and implemented by using Xilinx 10.1 and SPARTAN 3E.
Effects on Satellite Formation Flying of Tiny Aspherical Gravitation of the Earth
Authors: Xu Guang Yan , Luo Jian Fu
Published: August 2013

J2perturbation has been widely studied for satellite formations in low earth orbit. However, the effects of some tiny aspherical gravitational perturbations such as high-order zonal harmonic perturbations, sectorial and tesseral harmonic perturbations are not negligible for long term formation flight. In this paper, after eliminating the effects of J2perturbation which accommodating it, research these tiny perturbations uses numerical analysis and acquires some conclusions. High-order zonal harmonic perturbations may cause divergence in radial, in-track and cross-track direction, while the drift caused by sectorial and tesseral harmonic perturbations is larger than higher-order zonal harmonic perturbations about two magnitudes generally, and drift in cross-track direction is secular.
Enhanced Model Reference Adaptive Control Using Smith Predictor
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Bhargav C. , Koneru Karthik , Syam G. , Tripathi Shikha
Published: August 2013

The main aim of a control system is to repress the instabilities caused by nonlinearities of the system. Dead time is considered to be one of the most significant nonlinearities of a system. Dead time compensators play a vital role in reducing the dead time effects on the processes only to a minute extent. This paper proposes a method to overcome this problem by using Enhanced Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) incorporating Smith Predictor. MRAC belongs to class of adaptive servo system in which desired performance is expressed with the help of a reference model. Enhanced MRAC consists of a fuzzy logic controller which provides adaptation gain to MRAC without human interference. A dead time compensator incorporated in the enhanced MRAC solves the problem of instabilities caused by dead time to a greater extent.
Simulation of Trajectory Correction for an Impulse Control Mortar Projectile with a Strapdown Laser Seeker
Authors: Cao Xiao Bing , Xu Yi Cen , Rui Chang Ying , Shan Zheng Ya
Published: August 2013

Aiming at improving the precision of mortar projectiles, an impulse control mechanism is proposed in this paper. The guidance uses a four-quadrant strapdown laser seeker to detect the intended target and utilizes impulse thrusters to correct the terminal trajectory. Based on the analysis of impulse forces and impulse moments, the 6-DOF equations for the trajectory under control are deduced. Also, the model of the seeker’s acquisition area is established. Numerical simulations of typical corrected trajectories are carried out with the computer programs developed in C code. The results indicate that the impulse thrusters can improve impact point performance effectively. The models and the control algorithms are applicable to the simulation and calculation for similar projectiles.
Artificial Neural Network Model: Prediction of Mechanical Properties in Beta-Titanium Biomaterial
Authors: Sudhakar K.V. , Haque M.E.
Published: August 2013

Theoretical prediction of mechanical properties using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of a new beta-titanium alloy was investigated and compared with the experimental results obtained as a function of heat treatment. The cold worked biomaterial was subjected to different thermal processing cycles. The experimental values of mechanical properties were determined using MTS Landmark-servo hydraulic UTS machine. The new beta-titanium alloy demonstrated an excellent combination of strength and ductility for β-annealing and solution treatment plus aging thermal processing treatments. This data was used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict hardness. The predicted hardness values were found to demonstrate very good agreement with the experimental values.
Study on Efficiency of the Search Engine Spiders Crawl the Page
Authors: Lin Jun Jie
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the search engine spiders crawl the web content in the algorithm, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of several algorithms. In the Windows Server platform, using PHP + MYSQL test of the development environment. Through practical experience, discussed and summarized in the search spiders to crawl pages principle
The Effect of Cusp Contact in the Meshing Process for Internal Gear Pairs with few Teeth Difference
Authors: Wei Yan Gang , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2013

The model of finite element analysis is established reasonably through combining the principle of gear engagement, contact mechanics, and finite element concept and method. Simulation analysis is made for the meshing process of the internal gear pairs with few teeth difference using finite element method. It is found out that the effect of cusp contact along the direction of tooth depth will be generated in the meshing process of the internal gear pairs with few teeth difference when studying the multi-teeth contact. The complexity of multi-teeth meshing effect and the effect of the effect of cusp contact during the meshing process is pointed out.
Finite Element Analysis of the Material Properties’ Influence on Tire/Road Contact Pressure and Area
Authors: Wang You Shan , Cui Zhi Bo , Liu Qiang
Published: August 2013

When designing a tire, a good contact pressure distribution and a good contact area are necessary. The contact pressure and contact area are determined by tire material and structure, but there is few public researches on these. So, in this article, tire material properties’ influence on tire/road contact pressure and area are analyzed by using finite element method. The results show that there are ten rubber materials have negative correlation with contact pressure, the most effective material is tread rubber; there are four rebar materials have positive relation with contact pressure, the major is the first belt rebar. But they are different in contact area: the most effective rebar to contact area is bead rebar. The positive and negative effect factors and the effect coefficients are obtained for the seventeen rubber materials and seven rebar materials in tire about contact pressure and contact area. That has an important guidance on tire design and engineering applications.
Cyclic Approach to Airport Pavement Management Based on Non-Destructive Deflection Testing
Authors: Graziani Andrea , Grilli Andrea , Miconi Dania , Godenzoni Carlotta
Published: August 2013

The Authors describe the role of non-destructive deflection tests in Airport Pavement Management System (APMS) presenting the experience developed at an Italian Airport. An original approach to APMS implementation is illustrated, based on the PDCA cycle for quality control and continuous improvement of processes. An example application for the management of the runway pavement is described. Deflection test results obtained in four tests campaign carried out over a ten years period were globally analyzed to obtain pavement bearing capacity evolution and demonstrate the effectiveness of cyclic approach to pavement management. It is showed that structural evaluation can be an invaluable tool in pavement management and assist planning activities in the medium and long term.
The Research on the Index of High Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixture in Airfield
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Lie Ping , Lei Wei , Xiong Bao Lin
Published: August 2013

In order to solve current airfield asphalt road surface high temperature performance evaluation index defective problem, we apply the humbug wheel tracking test, general rutting test and uniaxial penetration test ,and use different evaluation index to carry on the analysis. Test results show that shear strength index and rutting test index on the contrary, regression dynamic stability can't distinguish between SMA - 13 and AC - 20 high temperature performance advantages and disadvantages, creep slope and dynamic stability index consistent; At the same time, the use of bailey method design parameters and asphalt cement parameters on its verification found that bailey method can further explain mixture grading high temperature performance advantages and disadvantages, ratio of filler to bitumen and dynamic stability, shear strength, creep slope has a good correlation, and asphalt film thickness and its correlation is poor. So suggest using dynamic stability and humbug wheel tracking creep slope, rutting depth combination evaluation mixture at high temperature performance advantages and disadvantages.
Research of Zero Stress Temperature Gradient in Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Hou Xiang Shen , Li Xin Kai , Peng Bo , Deng Guang Hui
Published: August 2013

There is no temperature stress and temperature curling according to the present cement concrete pavement design, when the temperature gradient of cement concrete pavement in service is zero, and it does not consider the effect of Built-in curling caused in early-age setting process of cement concrete to cement concrete pavement in service. In fact, there is Built-in curling in cement concrete slab when it is after the completion of the cement concrete slab is poured, and the curling is mainly upward. It is in the setting process, when cement concrete is on the final set, the cement concrete is at the critical moment when is just able to bear load, and it exists temperature gradient but no strain in the pavement slab, the temperature gradient is known as "Built-in construction temperature gradient" in AASHTO2002 design guidance, and it is the important part of the Built-in curling. In this paper, cement concrete beam specimens were poured in outdoor and temperature sensor and strain sensor were buried in the cement concrete specimens to detect early-age internal temperature field and strain field, and then the study of Built-in curling and Built-in construction temperature gradient were carried out.
Research on a New Method of Evaluating Compaction of Pavement
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2013

in this paper the surface temperature of test specimens which were water-saturated were measured after different exposure time in the lamplight. The relationship can be set up among surface temperature,air viods and water permeability coefficient. This research demonstrated that there is good correlation. So when the pavement is in the sunshine for a time after a rain,asphalt pavement areas with different water permeability coefficient can be distinguished by using infra-red technology to measure the surface temperature.Compaction of asphalt pavement can also be evaluated. This way was used and checked up in shanghai-chengdu highway project. This is a new method what is very convinently and quickly to evaluate the compaction and homogeneity of asphalt pavement.
High-Strength High-Porosity Pervious Concrete Pavement
Authors: Lim Emiko , Tan Kiang Hwee , Fwa Tien Fang
Published: August 2013

A study to achieve high-strength, high porosity and permeability pervious concrete pavement was carried out. First, the mix proportion in terms of cement content and coarse aggregate-cement ratio (CA/C) and water-cement (W/C) ratio were varied. Next, a mix proportion providing the optimal combination of strength and porosity was chosen, and polymer superplasticizers and short discrete fibers were added to examine their effect on the strength and porosity. Results showed that a water-cement ratio of 0.2 resulted in a dry and brittle mix that led to compressive strength less than 15 MPa but a high permeability rate of approximately 20mm/s. A mix with CA/C ratio of 4.25 resulted in compressive strength of 13.9 MPa, flexural strength of 3MPa and high porosity of more than 20%. Using comb polymer superplasticier and 2% steel fibers resulted in compressive strength of 25.1 MPa and flexural strength of 3.6 MPa at 28 days without compromising on the porosity.
Research on the Cement Stable Powder and Mixed with Crushed Stone
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan , Pei Jing Rong , Wang Lin
Published: August 2013

This paper has studied the different dosage of cement mixed with different proportions of gravel. Through the compaction and unconfined compressive strength test and economic analysis, and finally determined that the gravel mixed with content is 30% and the cement dosage is 3%. The study also shows that by adding a certain amount of gravel instead of powder is feasible. The same cement doses adding macadam mixture, unconfined compressive strength is higher than stable powder. The study has solved the shortage of raw materials of construction, saving a lot of money, and has important engineering significance. Keywords: cement stable powder; crushed stone; unconfined compressive strength; cost analysis;
Study on Performance of Normal and Compaction-Free Porous Concrete Permeable Base
Authors: Sheng Yan Ping , Li Hai Bin , Guan Bo Wen
Published: August 2013

Moisture damage is one of the main forms of early failure in the pavement. Water can be released from the road structure by setting porous concrete permeable base. The common construction technology for porous concrete is traditional vibration compaction, which is helpful for the strength formation of the base. However, it is unhelpful for the stability and smoothness of the base during the construction. In this study, compaction-free porous concrete (CPC) permeable base was proposed, which can not only satisfies both porosity and the structural strength, but also guarantees the stability and the smoothness of the base during construction. The performance of normal porous concrete (NPC) and CPC, such as strength, drainage capacity, shrinkage and frost resistance, were studied in the paper. The laboratory tests show that all of them have good performance. In addition, the field evaluations, such as strength, drainage capacity, deflection, smoothness of the base, were tested. The results show that both of NPC and CPC have good drainage capacity, and the strength of NPC is higher than CPC, but the smoothness of NPC is weaker than CPC.
Development of Green Paving Technology for Urban Roads
Authors: Chen Hsien Chou , Yang Shih Hsienh , Liu Ying Wei , Sun Pai Ching , Lin Deng Fong
Published: August 2013

This The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using Permeable Reclaimed Concrete (PRC) for urban roads construction. The PRC can be used at both stabilized base and wearing surface layers for new constructed pavements. The purposes of this paper were focused on the comparison of cost and energy consumption in both material production and pavement construction stages between PRC pavement and conventional hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) pavement. In addition, the potential ecological advantages such as reducing urban heat island effect as well as enrich groundwater table by using PRC pavement in the urban roads was also discussed. The results showed that the PRC pavement could effectively reduce 3 to 5°C surface temperature compare to conventional HMA pavement.
Keeping the Asphalt in the Road - Experiences from Different Asphalt Recycling Technologies
Authors: Biedermann Andreas , Jacobi Christian
Published: August 2013

This paper reviews modern technologies for the recycling of asphalt, which is a key element for effective use of resources. The major goal of the industry is to create a true recycling, meaning that the reclaimed asphalt is used in the same road layer where it has been used before. This requires the ability to produce high-quality asphalt while incorporating high-ratios of reclaimed asphalt. Depending on the situation of the regional road construction industry different strategies for re-using reclaimed asphalt are appropriate. In this paper, we provide an overview on best practices for recycling on asphalt mixing plants.
The Impact of Different Types of Permeable Pavement Utilization on Air Temperature above the Pavement
Authors: Lin Jyh Dong , Hsu Chen Yu , Citraningrum Andika , Adhitana Putri
Published: August 2013

This study investigate permeable pavement utilization and its impact on air temperature by using site measurement, statistical analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. National Central University (NCU) main library is the case study for the simulations. Simulations on five pavement types (dense grade asphalt concrete/DGAC, permeable asphalt concrete/PAC, concrete, permeable interlocking concrete block/PICB, and grass block) shows that grass block and PICB can reduce air temperature, while three others increase air temperature.
The Investigation of Colored Normal-Temperature Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Liang Chou Fu , Wang Hung Yu , Lu Jun Kai , Chen Hsien Chou
Published: August 2013

Colored asphalt concrete refers to asphalt concrete pavement that pigments are added in or colorful stones are mixed with, pigments added de-colored petroleum resin asphalt pavement, or modified asphalt pavement with water permeability sprayed with colorful resin coating. It is indispensable to develop traffic safety and embellish street environment.
Taiwan is a tropical island. In summer, black pavement absorbs heat and produces greenhouse effect, which is called the heat island effect. Due to the weather factors or outer forces, it is difficult to refill or repair the pits or holes on colored asphalt pavement. The aim of this study is to develop a repairing material package by using Marchshall Mix Design to solve the problem of colored pavement repairing. Furthermore, the repairing material package is packed in 40 kg package which is convenient for operation by using simple tools. Ultimately, life quality will be improved as well.
International Roughness Index Prediction for Rigid Pavements: An Artificial Neural Network Application
Authors: Abd El-Hakim Ragaa , El-Badawy Sherif
Published: August 2013

nternational Roughness Index (IRI) is an important parameter that indicates the ride quality and pavement condition. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the IRI for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) sections. The inputs for this model are: initial IRI value, pavement age, transverse cracking, percent joints spalled, flexible and rigid patching areas, total joint faulting, freezing index, and percent subgrade passing No. 200 U.S. sieve. This data was obtained from the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program. It is the same data and inputs used for the development of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) IRI model for JPCP. The data includes a total of 184 IRI measurements. The results of this study shows that using the same input variables, the ANN model yielded a higher prediction accuracy (coeficint of determination: R2= 0.828, and ratio of standard error of estimate (predicted) to standard deviation of the measured IRI values: Se/Sy=0.414) compared to the MEPDG model (R2= 0.584, Se/Sy=0.643). In addition, the bias in the predicted IRI values using the ANN model was significantly lower compared to the MEPDG regression model.
Performance of Maintenance and Management for Roads in HsinChu County, Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ho Szu , Lin Jyh Dong , Chang Jia Ruey
Published: August 2013

The HsinChu County Government has placed great emphasis on the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure. It has exerted great efforts to enhance not only essential needs such as Roads should be smooth, drains should be unobstructed, and streetlamps should be illuminated, but also the performance of maintenance and management for roads by means of five aspects. These aspects include legislation, policies, systems, implementation, and techniques. From the point of view of legislation, the government has enacted regulation such as The Bylaw of Road Management in HsinChu County, and amended regulations such as The Bylaw of Road Excavation Management in HsinChu County and The Regulations of Urban Road Management in HsinChu County in the past two years. From the point of view of policies, the government has budgeted for the Smooth Roads Project every year regardless of any financial deficiencies in the government. From the point of view of systems, the government has drawn up preliminary maintenance plans for roads, created standard operating procedures (SOPs) of maintenance activities, and developed road inspection systems. From the point of view of implementation, the government has developed a Pavement Management System in HsinChu County, initiated a Road Excavation Management System, and created an excavation application and control procedure. From the point of view of technologies, the government has established geographic information for roads in HsinChu County so as to enhance the administrative and operational efficiency of inspections using the Application (APP) system. This study, which mainly focuses on county, rural and partial urban roads in the HsinChu County, presents the relevant legislation and systems drawn up by the government, that have a positive impact for governmental implementation to the public.
Preliminary Analysis of AASHO Road Test Rigid Pavement Data Using Modern Regression Techniques
Authors: Ker Hsiang Wei , Lee Ying Haur , Huang T.C. , Lin Ke
Published: August 2013

The normality assumptions with random errors and constant variance were often violated while analyzing multilevel pavement performance data using conventional regression techniques. Because of its hierarchical data structure, multilevel data are often analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effects (LME) models. The exploratory analysis, statistical modeling, and the examination of model-fit of LME models are more complicated than those of standard multiple regressions. A systematic modeling approach using visual-graphical techniques and LME models was proposed and demonstrated using the original AASHO road test rigid pavement data. The basic modeling approach includes: selecting a preliminary mean structure, selecting a random structure, selecting a residual covariance structure, model reduction, and examining the model fit. A goodness of fit plot indicates that the preliminary LME model provides better explanation to the data.
The Application for the Virtual Reality in the Pavement Engineering
Authors: Chiou Chin Rung , Lin Jyh Dong , Lung Wen Kuan
Published: August 2013

In the maintenance for the pavement, there is no method to adjust and rebuild all the design elevation which is in using on the pavement because of the as build structure that are located in the periphery. In order to coordinate the design situation which is considered or no considered in the site, this research develops the “Virtual Reality Digital Pavement System (VRDPS)”. The user can see the difference in the pavement quality and the influence of the pavement linear in different view by the Intuitive method. It can also provide the analysis for the construction cost and pavement linear in the different design.
Influence of Piston Initial State on HCCI Combustion in Micro Free-Piston Engine Using Experiment Images and CFD Analysis
Authors: Bai Jin , Wang Qian , He Zhi Xia , Zhang Peng Gang
Published: August 2013

The visualization experimental setup of micro free-piston engine has been built, the process of single shot compression combustion in micro combustion chamber has been observed by the high-speed digital camera; Based on the propane combustion kinetics, the numerical calculation method for combustion process coupling with the free-piston movement was put forward, through editing the dynamic mesh subroutine in STAR-CD, the process of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) in the micro chamber was studied; The influence of piston initial state on HCCI combustion process was analyzed , indicating that the piston mass directly affects the homogeneous gas compression ratio, ignition time, single combustion process cycle and the changes of combustion pressure and temperature, all this research can be the basic theories for designing the micro free piston engine .
Effects of Copper Stress on Sucrose Metabolism in Seed of Two Rumex dentatus L. Populations
Authors: Huang Wu Xing , Ren Cong , Gao Jing Qing
Published: August 2013

Two Rumex dentatus populations, one from copper (Cu) mine and the other from uncontaminated site, were studied for sucrose metabolism of seed under Cu stress. Cu treatment significantly inhibited vacuolar invertase activity in non-metallicolous population (NMP), while it in metallicolous population (MP) was markedly higher than control. At control, cell wall invertase activity in MP showed little difference from NMP. However, after Cu treatment, cell wall invertase activity in MP was significantly higher than NMP. Activity of N/A-Inv was not affected by population or Cu treatment. Compared with control, sucrose and reducing sugars contents in MP were increased by Cu treatment, but those in NMP was decreased. Cu concentration in seed of NMP was higher than MP under Cu stress. These results suggested less Cu transported to seed and efficient sucrose metabolism in seed of MP might be partly reasons why R. dentatus can successful reproduction at Cu enriched soils.
Research on Influential Factors and Trends of the Comprehensive Index of Environmental Quality in Nanjing City
Authors: Wang Geng
Published: August 2013

In order to answer following two questions, One is the influence factors and the influence degree of Nanjing comprehensive index of environmental quality,Another is in the future five years Nanjing comprehensive index of environmental quality trend prediction. This paper begins with a qualitative analysis of factors affecting the environmental quality in Nanjing City, resulting in the classification of these factors according to their importance and significance by using the Grey Correlation Analysis method; Based on the fact that environmental quality n in Nanjing system is gray, this paper established the Grey forecasting model GM (1, 1), 2012 ~ 2016 Nanjing comprehensive index of environmental quality was forecast. This paper studies showed that Nanjing environmental quality is the basic health; As long as continue to strengthen the work of environmental management, in the next five years, Nanjing environmental quality will remain stable.
The Fuzzy Evaluation of the Environmental Landscape of Community
Authors: Fan Qin Dong , Bai Gai Yu
Published: August 2013

Based on the established index system of Community environmental landscape, the Community environmental landscape was evaluated by the second level fuzzy comprehensive assessment model and its quality was divided into outstanding, good, general, poor and bad five grades. In this paper, the Community environmental landscape was comprehensively analyzed by ascertaining the weight coefficient of index and membership functions. Take Zhengzhou People's Community for example, this paper puts forward a new idea of evaluating the Community environmental landscape.
Assessment of Nature Reserve Management Effectiveness - A Case Study of Huihe Nature Reserve
Authors: Zheng Zhi Rong , Lv Shi Hai , Gao Jun Jing , Feng Chao Yang
Published: August 2013

To protect natural resources and biodiversity, nature reserves have been established worldwide. However, the inadequate management is becoming a widespread problem in the development of nature reserves. Therefore, assessing management effectiveness of nature reserve is not only one of the important means to improve and promote the sustainable management level of nature reserve, but also a hotspot in recent research of biodiversity conservation. But until now, there isnt a quantitative assessment approach accepted widely. According to literature survey and the Delphi method, this study set up an index system, including (A) management behavior, (B) protective effect and (C) social influence. Based on this, Huhe nature reserve was selected to verify the applicability of this index system. The results showed that various problems and prioritization of nature reserve management could be identified effectively using this index system, which offers policy makers a tool for a rapid assessment of management effectiveness. In addition, this study will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for nature reserve management in China.
Ecological Safety Assessment in Hulunbeier Steppe Based on the Landscape Pattern
Authors: Gao Jun Jing , Lv Shi Hai , Zheng Zhi Rong , Feng Chao Yang , Ye Sheng Xing , Zhang Chen
Published: August 2013

Based on TM remote sensing image and topographic map, the spatial information of landscape pattern was extracted in Hulunbeier steppe in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. With the principles and methods of landscape ecology, landscape fragmentation index, division index, dominance index and fragility index were selected to construct the ecological safety index which was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and elucidated ecological safety status in study area. Result showed that the overall landscape tended to become fragmentized and complicated with the total number of patches increasing in the study area from 1995 to 2010. The ecological safety index of landscape types can be classified into four grades, grassland > unused land, wood land > water body, crop land > construction land. Overall, the regional ecological safety status got worse with the ecological safety index of natural landscapes decreasing and the ecological safety index of artificial landscapes increasing. In particular, the area of construction land had a continuous increase with a higher growth rate (7.41% per year during 2005~2010), which will be unfavorable to regional ecological safety as the biggest potential risk.
Effects of Ozone Stress on Leaf-Level Photosynthesis in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Jun Li , Zhao Tian Hong
Published: August 2013

Glycine max were exposed in nine the open-top chambers to three levels of ozone (O3) concentration (ambient, approximately 45 nL·L-1 and two elevated ozone, 80±10 nL·L-1 and 110±10 nL·L-1) in four different growing stages (branching, flowering, podding and filling). In order to study the effect of different ozone concentration on photosynthesis parameters, the emphasis of this research was on photosynthetic pigment contents, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange, Hill reaction activity and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity in soybean leaves. This paper reveals its response process and degree of photosynthesis in soybean leaves under different elevated O3, and it could establish the foundation for the study of plants adaptability mechanism under elevated O3 on the molecular level. The results showed that elevated O3 concentration accelerated peroxidation damage, and plants could not tolerate O3-induced injure, thus reducing photosynthesis by stomatal closure because of O3 exposure in soybean leaves. And O3 stress caused an acceleration of caducity that might be in part responsible for the reduction of photosynthesis.
Quantitative Evaluation of Geoheritages in Bayan Nur National Geopark
Authors: Zhang Li Lei , Wu Fa Dong , Wang Yan Hong
Published: August 2013

Geoheritage are important resource for human to understand the Earth's history. The geoheritage study has practical significance in the effective protection of geoheritage, the local ecological environment, the popularization of science of the earth, the promoting of local economic in the way of sustainable development, and so on. This paper using AHP and comprehensive evaluation (weighted sum of multi-index comprehensive evaluation model), and expert consultation combining three types of evaluation method, calculates the geoheritage resources and acquires a quantitative result. And the result provides reference for the protection,development and construction of Ningcheng National Geopark.
Regional Environmental Performance Assessment Based on PSR Model - A Case of Tianjin
Authors: Liu Jia , Peng Liang Yu , Huang Yan Ying , Xu He
Published: August 2013

Regional environmental performance assessment could measure the achievement of the environmental management effectively. It contributed to raise the level of government environmental management, and provided a basis for policy-making. On the basis of existing research, the paper adopted the PSR model and the thematic framework model to established Tianjin environmental performance assessment index system, and calculated the environmental performance level (EPI) of Tianjin from 2006 to 2010. The analysis showed that there is a substantial increase in environmental management of Tianjin on the aspects of environmental equality, efficiency of resource use, contamination control, and environmental infrastructure construction. The dominant indictors of EPI in Tianjin are urban ecosystem vitality, environmental equality, and efficiency of resource use. In order to improve the effectiveness of the EPA, the policy object system should be improved, and a complete data base should be established in the meantime of building and improving the system of regional environmental performance assessment.
The Ecological Risk Assessment of Forest Damage in ”A" Coal Mining Area
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Hua
Published: August 2013

This paper, through the layer-by-layer decomposition of risk sources and risk receptor, constructs an ecological risk assessment indicator system of damaged forest in coal mining area. Based on the reality of A coal mining area, with the application of improved risk model, this paper processes and analyzes the statistics and solid - state survey data in A coal mining area to get the ecological effects of forest damage led by coal mining in that area, and calculates the loss value, the compensation amount and the compensation scale of the forest ecosystem service function in the subsidence area of fully mechanized mining area.
Zoning Compliance Control Method Applied in Regional Planning of the Marine Environment Capacity Calculation
Authors: Jiang Shang , Lin Zhi Lan , Wang Cui , Jiang Jin Long , Hou Jian Ping
Published: August 2013

This paper uses control points quality compliance method to calculate the COD, inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate marine environment capacity of Luoyuan Bay. Control point quality compliance method to calculate the environmental capacity of the location of the emission of pollutants, the distribution density and control point location is closely related to its value with the changes in the number of outfall and sewage position changes and change. Conditions of existing sources of pollution distribution, COD, inorganic nitrogen (Din), active phosphate environment capacity (PO4-P) for 602207t/a2576 t/a724 t/a.
A Novel Microbial Biosensor for Toxicity Test
Authors: Wang Xiao Hui , Wang Hui Ling , Bai Zhi Hui
Published: August 2013

A mercury chloride sensitive Bacillus sp. X4 as a toxicity recognition element was isolated from soil. A novel microbial biosensor was developed based on the isolated X4 in combination with a dissolved oxygen electrode for the analysis of toxicity in wastewater. Optimal response of the biosensor was obtained at pH 7.0 - 7.5 and 30 - 35 °C with a detection linearity over the range 0.10 - 1.97 mg·L-1 of HgCl2. The repeatability of the sensor response were found to be 1.8%. Preliminary application of the biosensor in pharmacy wastewaters has demonstrated their effectiveness. Toxicity values produced with this biosensor for pharmacy wastewaters correlated well with those determined by standard method.
Growths and Concentrations of Mineral Elements of Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis l.) as Affected by Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Wang Hua Jing , Li Jin , Wu Liang Huan
Published: August 2013

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine influences of partial replacement of nitrate by ammonium and 20 amino acids of alanine (Ala), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophane (Trp), methionine (Met), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg), histidine (His), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), cysteine (Cys), tyrosine (Tyr), asparagines (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) on growths and concentrations of mineral elements of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Most of amino acids inhibit shoot growths of pakchoi. Different amino acids have various effects on concentrations of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in shoots of pakchoi. There are differences in shoot fresh weights, dry weights and concentrations of mineral elements of pakchoi supplied with amino acids and ammonium.
Development of a Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Assay for the Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Food Samples
Authors: Chen Xue Qing , Lu Sha Sha , Sun Qing , Yang Jing Chen , Shi Guo Qing
Published: August 2013

A rapid and sensitive competitive immunochromatographic assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) based on colloidal gold-antibody probe was developed. The limit of detection for AFB1 standard solution was 0.5ng/ml and for foodstuff sample was 10μg/Kg. Other aflatoxins including AFM1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 have less cross-reactivity to the strip. The storge life of the strip was at least 12 monthes. The method was well agreement with the ELISA method by testing food samples. This method is suitable for rapid testing of AFB1 on site.
Difference between Organic Materials of Distinct Slope Soils in Hilly Area of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Wei , Fang Chen , Ai Ying Wei , Yu Dong , Li Chuan Ren , Fan Zhi Jin , Xiao Yu Hong
Published: August 2013

Organic materials in soils mainly consist of alkanes, esters, aromatic compounds and plant secondary metabolites, but they are different from one another in material type and quantity, depending on the types of slopes. This paper conducts a comparitive study on soils from slopes along the Suining-Chongqing Railway. Preparing soil samples from the rocky slope, the cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using ultrasonic methods, we measured the organic materials with a chromatograph mass spectrometer (QP2100). The results show that the number and types of organic materials decrease from the cultivated slopes to uncultivated slopes and then to rocky slopes. No contaminant appears in artificial soils on rocky slopes, but it is found in natural soils. Hence, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of soils on engineering slopes is beneficial not only for ecological restoration, but also for the prevention of pollution.
Investigation and Assessment on Landscape Water of Kaifeng
Authors: Cao Hong Xia , Feng Qing Zhen , Li Xiang Li , Cao Yang , Shi Yao Bin
Published: August 2013

Through the monitoring and evaluation on landscape water of Kaifeng , knowing about the compliance with the environment of landscape water limits , so as to provide valuable suggestions for the management and protection of landscape water of Kaifeng and provide a basis for sustainable development of urban landscape waters.
Preparation and Adding Methods of Nessler's Reagent Having Effects on Determination of Water Quality Ammonia Nitrogen
Authors: Wu He Zhen , Cao Aie
Published: August 2013

Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry method is used for determination of water quality ammonia nitrogen. The method is affected by many factors, of which Nessler's reagent is the most critical factor. Preparation and adding methods of Nessler's reagent influence the results of determination , which is based on the determination of absorbance and recovery test. Experimental results show that in the strict control of the speed and the amount of HgCl2accession, we can get the best effect in the course of preparation of Nessler's reagent. Put a volume of standard solution into a 50mL colorimetric tube, add into Nessler's reagent when diluted with water to about 40mL and then add into water to the reticle (constant volume to 50mL). Determine the absorbance when colors are shown. Draw calibration curve with absorbance as ordinate and mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen as abscissa. The quality control effect of the determination of ammonia nitrogen can be improved by reducing uncertainties.
Spatial Distribution of Phosphorus in Surface Soils of Wetlands with Different Plant Communities in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Ye Xiao Fei , Bai Jun Hong , Lu Qiong Qiong , Zhao Qing Qing , Wang Jun Jing
Published: August 2013

Spatial distribution characteristics of available phosphorus (AP) and total phosphorus (TP) in wetland soils withPhragmites australis,Suaeda salsaandTamarix chinnensiswere investigated and their influencing factors was also indentified using principal correspondence analysis for ordination in the Yellow River Delta of China. Our results showed that TP and AP contents in both sites withPhragmites australisandSuaeda salsa, and the horizontal distributions of AP content in three sites exhibited similar distribution characteristics to that of AP:TP ratios. Additionally, soil properties such as soil moisture, salinity, total nitrogen, total carbon and pH values were the important influencing factors of higher spatial variability of AP and TP.