bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downton-Mania. Die Fernsehserie „Downton Abbey“ und ihre Auswirkung auf die Public History und den Filmtourismus
Authors: Hechenblaikner Verena
Published: June 2021

Downton Mania. The Television Series “Downton Abbey” and its Impact on Public History and Film TourismThe following seminar-paper examines the potential of historical television series for historical science. Using the television series "Downton Abbey" as an example, it shows series’ effects on public history and film tourism. The main argument is that historical series increase public interest in history and thus make it possible to communicate historical topics to a broader audience.
Pons et cella penaria – Die Bedeutung Siziliens für die Entwicklung des Imperium Romanum ausgehend von Ciceros „Verrinen“
Authors: Kleyhons Ferdinand
Published: June 2021

Pons et cella penaria – The importance of Sicily for the formation of the Roman Empire on the basis of Ciceros “In Verrem”In the year 70 BCE, one of the most renowned trials in Roman history took place: The lawsuit of Gaius Verres, former propraetor of the Roman province Sicilia. Marcus Tullius Cicero, taking up the role of the claimant in this trial, wrote a series of speeches against Verres (“In Verrem”). Therein he stated, among other things, the importance of Sicily for the Roman Empire. As the first Roman province, it introduced the Romans to a new system of governing foreign territory. It functioned as a “bridge” for the conquest of Carthage and, finally, it fed the Roman population and its army. The following paper will examine each of these three steps, as well as use them as a framework to discuss the role of Sicily for the formation of the Roman Empire.
Eine habsburgische Quelle im Kampf gegen Frankreich: Vollmacht Kaiser Friedrichs III. an König Maximilian, 1493
Authors: Blum Marina
Published: June 2021

A Habsburg Source in the Struggle against France: The Power of Attorney of Emperor Frederick III to King Maximilian, 1493This paper deals with a medieval source that has received little attention in research so far: the power of attorney of Emperor Frederick III to King Maximilian of 1493. This historical document, which calls for the punishment of the French king, is marked by years of conflict between Maximilian I and Charles VIII of France. The source provides a crucial insight into the propaganda of Frederick III and Maximilian I.
Baumwolle, Elfenbein und Glasperlen. Perspektiven österreichischer Reisender auf die Errichtung eines „informal empire“ im Sudan des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Ambach Florian
Published: June 2021

Cotton, Ivory and Glass Beads. Perspectives of Austrian Travellers on the Establishment of an "Informal Empire" in 19th Century SudanThe following article examines travel accounts of explorers, travellers and officials close to the Habsburg Monarchy. It focusses on the economic aspects of the 19th century Austrian presence in Sudan. As will be shown, several Austrians attempted to engage in local trade in ways that sought to establish an "informal empire".
Les Affreux en Irak. Die Teilprivatisierung des professionellen Blutvergießens in der heutigen Kriegsführung anhand des Beispiels des Irakkriegs
Authors: Kleyhons Ferdinand
Published: June 2021

Les Affreux en Irak. The partial privatisation of professional bloodshed in modern warfare exemplified by the Iraq WarAfter the launch of "Operation Iraqi Freedom", the United States of America were engaged in war for the next eight years, in which they heavily relied on the assistance of private companies, known as Private Military Companies (PMC). The following paper uses the Iraq War respectively the following occupation of Iraq as a case study to examine the role of PMCs in modern warfare. It analyses the military branches in which PMCs provided support to the USA, including logistics, training, security, and even intelligence services. It also discusses the advantages as well as disadvantages of PMCs in current combat operations.
Learning an Efficient Hippocampal Place Map from Entorhinal Inputs Using Non-Negative Sparse Coding
Authors: Lian Yanbo , Burkitt Anthony N.
Published: June 2021

Cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) contain rich spatial information and project strongly to the hippocampus where a cognitive map is supposedly created. These cells range from cells with structured spatial selectivity, such as grid cells in the medial EC (MEC) that are selective to an array of spatial locations that form a hexagonal grid, to weakly spatial cells, such as non-grid cells in the MEC and lateral EC (LEC) that contain spatial information but have no structured spatial selectivity. However, in a small environment, place cells in the hippocampus are generally selective to a single location of the environment, while granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus have multiple discrete firing locations but lack spatial periodicity. Given the anatomic connection from the EC to the hippocampus, how the hippocampus retrieves information from upstream EC remains unclear. Here, we propose a unified learning model that can describe the spatial tuning properties of both hippocampal place cells and dentate gyrus granule cells based on non-negative sparse coding from EC inputs. Sparse coding plays an important role in many cortical areas and is proposed here to have a key role in the hippocampus. Our results show that the hexagonal patterns of MEC grid cells with various orientations, grid spacings and phases are necessary for the model to learn different place cells that efficiently tile the entire spatial environment. However, if there is a lack of diversity in any grid parameters or a lack of hippocampal cells in the network, this will lead to the emergence of hippocampal cells that have multiple firing locations. More surprisingly, the model can also learn hippocampal place cells even when weakly spatial cells, instead of grid cells, are used as the input to the hippocampus. This work suggests that sparse coding may be one of the underlying organizing principles for the navigational system of the brain.
Earthquakes of 1838 and 1839 in the Slovene Hills (Slovenia)-Međimurje (Croatia) area
Authors: Herak Marijan , Herak Davorka , Vrkić Iva , Živčić Mladen
Published: June 2021

Analyses of available data (newspaper reports, historical and church chronicles, chronical earthquake overviews, travel books, monographies, research papers, etc.) on effects of the earthquakes that shook the greater Ormož area at the Slovenian-Croatian border in the 1838 and 1839 revealed that one of them, recorded in a number of regional and global catalogues, is in fact a fake - the earthquake of 26 August 1838 never happened. This error creeped into various reports and studies, and then into many relevant catalogues, so this event should by systematically erased from the catalogues used to estimate seismicity rates in the neighbourhoods of north-western Croatia, north-eastern Slovenia, and south-western Hungary.Regarding the earthquake of 31 July 1838, we used important new sources of information that have not been consulted in any previous study. This made inversion of macroseismic parameters more robust. Our estimates of the macroseismic moment magnitude (Mwm = 4.8) is mostly higher than the values reported in the available catalogues. Reliable information on the effects of the smaller event of 22 March 1839 were found for two localities only, so its epicentre was placed into the town of Ormož where the maximum intensity was observed. Its estimated moment magnitude (Mwm) is close to the median of values found in the six consulted catalogues that listed this event.The macroseismic epicentre of the 1838 earthquake lies close to the junction of surface traces of the Donat strike-slip fault and the reverse Čakovec fault. Based on their assumed geometry and the location of the macroseismic hypocentre, we give slight preference to the Donat fault as the seismogenic source.
Forecasting the hydroelectric power generation of GCMs using machine learning techniques and deep learning (Almus Dam, Turkey)
Authors: Al Rayess Hesham Majed , Ülke Keskin Asli
Published: June 2021

Renewable energy is one of the most important factors for developed and sustainable societies. However, its utilization in electrical power grid systems can be very challenging regarding rates predictably. Renewable energy depends mainly on environmental conditions such as rainfall-runoff ratios and temperature. Because of that, the expected power production heavily fluctuates, which makes the prediction and calculation of feed-in into the power grid very challenging. The accurate forecasting of energy production is a very crucial issue for power management process. This paper presents the results of deploying Machine Learning Techniques in short-term forecasting of the amount of energy produced of General Circulation Models (GCMs) Data by Almus Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant in Tokat, Turkey. The study demonstrates the use of modeling techniques in hydropower forecasting process using the predicted monthly hydroelectric power generation data of GCMs from 2018 to 2080. Decision Tree, Deep Learning, Generalized Linear, Gradient Boosted Trees and Random Forest models are utilized to forecast the hydropower production. The results show that the correlation value of the gradient boosted trees model equals 0.717, which means that the gradient boosted trees model is the most successful model for the present data. The gradient boosted trees model used in the prediction process for each GCM in each scenario is 4.5 and 8.5. The results show that there are small differences between the models, which means that the predictions are going in similar directions for all these models.
Proof of Concept and Moderators of Transference Processes in an Online Setting
Authors: Leahy Katelin E. , Chopik William J.
Published: June 2021

Previous research examining transference – which posits people draw on past experiences with close others to inform novel interactions – has found that people attribute qualities to and express preferences for novel targets based on their similarity to significant others. However, classic tasks for testing transference required multiple sessions over many weeks, limiting the test of this process to relatively small, college student samples. The purpose of the current study (N = 532, Mage = 34.81, SD = 9.83, 61.47% Men, 63.35% White) was to create an online version of a transference task administered in one session and replicate the effect of transference with a larger sample of participants across the lifespan, and test whether targets resembling parents and ex-partners were preferable to control targets. The effects of transference and preference were replicated in the online version of the transference task. We also found preliminary evidence that the effects of transference and preference were slightly stronger in older individuals and secure individuals, albeit the effects were small. Results are discussed in the context of how individuals use previous and existing relationships to guide their behavior in new relationships.
Development and Validation of the Attitudes Toward Singlehood Scale Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia and India
Authors: Tan Chee-Seng , Cheng Siew-May , George Sanju
Published: June 2021

Although romantic relationships have been found to boost well-being, some studies demonstrated that staying single has similar beneficial effects. One cause of such contradiction is probably due to the lack of a quantitative measurement of attitudes toward singlehood. To address this methodological gap, four studies involving 1,276 undergraduate students in Malaysia and India were conducted to develop and examine the psychometric qualities of the Attitudes toward Singlehood Scale (AtSS). Study 1 selected 15 items from the pool and identified a 3-factor solution using exploratory factor analysis. However, a 9-item second-order factor model was found superior in Study 2 using confirmatory factor analysis. The 9-item AtSS demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability measured two weeks apart as well as construct and criterion validity. Study 3 further supported the superiority of the 9-item second-order factor model with replicated results of Study 2 on a new sample. Measurement invariance test supported scalar invariance across gender while ANCOVA showed female participants displaying higher scores than male counterparts. Study 4 then examined the properties of the 9-item AtSS on a sample of young adults in India. The results are consistent with Study 2 and 3, lending further support to the usability of the AtSS in different cultural contexts. Overall, the consistent findings promote the AtSS as a promising tool for assessing young adults’ attitudes toward singlehood. Implication and suggestions for future studies are also discussed.
Killing for the common good? The (bio)politics of wolf management in Washington State
Authors: Anderson Robert M.
Published: June 2021

Washington State has been rocked by conflict over wolves, whose return to rural landscapes after their extirpation a century ago has brought them into new, often violent relations with human society. I interpret this emblematic instance of human–wildlife conflict as fundamentally a human–human conflict and a manifestation of different deep-seated sociocultural norms and values toward wolves. This social conflict hinges on two competing, underacknowledged forms of commoning—wildlife as a public trust and grazing access to public lands—that already intertwine the economy of the rural Western United States. Amid these tensions, wildlife managers seek to reduce conflict through the targeted killing (“lethal removal”) of wolves that repeatedly prey on livestock. I draw on ethnographic research examining the ongoing debate over lethal removal policy in Washington’s “Wolf Advisory Group,” an advisory committee aimed at transforming Washington’s wolf conflict through collaborative governance. Drawing together the theoretical frameworks of commoning and conservation environmentality, I frame these debates as an effort to produce shared social norms regarding wolf life and death. In this context, lethal removal of wolves functions as a biopolitical intervention targeted to affect social values, producing “social tolerance” for wolves in Washington’s rural landscapes. The paradox of wolf conservation governance is that achieving the social tolerance necessary for long-term recovery requires that the state kill wolves in the name of shared common interest and responsibility.
Plastic composites made from glycerol, citric acid, and forest components
Authors: Kudahettige-Nilsson Rasika L. , Ullsten Henrik , Henriksson Gunnar
Published: June 2021

An ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of plastic biomaterials based on renewable materials suitable for 3D printing application or other applications has been developed. The material was prepared from native (microcrystalline) or amorphous cellulose, citric acid, and glycerol or ethylene glycol, by a pretreatment at 40 °C and a curing at 175 °C for 1 h. The results showed that tensile properties and the water absorption level of the material were acceptable. The highest strain at break (14%) was obtained from materials made of 10% amorphous cellulose with 90% glycerol/citric acid. It had a maximum stress at 37 MPa. Moreover, materials were without ash content. Possible applications of the material in 3D-printers were discussed. In addition, application of mechanical pulp and wood powder into novel plastic material production was discussed. Foaming during curing might be a problem for this type of material, but this can be avoided by using amorphous cellulose in the recipe.
Application of glycine, folic acid, and moringa extract as bio-stimulants for enhancing the production of ‘Flame Seedless’ grape cultivar
Authors: Mosa Walid F. A. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Al-Huqail Asma A. , Ali Hayssam M.
Published: June 2021

In this study, 130 uniform ‘Flame Seedless’ grape trees were selected for and subjected to the same cultural practices. The trees were sprayed three times, before flowering, during full bloom, and three weeks later with the following treatments: control (water only), 250, 500, and 750 ppm glycine; 50, 100, and 150 ppm folic acid (FA); 2%, 4%, and 6% leaf moringa aqueous extract (MLAE); and their combinations. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of moringa leaf aqueous extract (MLAE) showed the presence of the phenolic compounds ellagic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, catechol, and gallic acid with values of 54.18, 18.79, 14, 12.32, and 12.12 mg/100 g, respectively. The obtained results showed that the foliar spraying of 250, 500, and 750 ppm glycine, 4% and 6% MLAE, and their combinations of glycine 500 ppm + FA 100 ppm + MLAE 4% and glycine 750 ppm + FA 150 ppm + MLAE 6% significantly increased the shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf chlorophyll content, yield, and fruit quality over the control. Glycine at 750 ppm was the best treatment followed by glycine at 500 ppm compared with the other applied treatments and the control in both experimental seasons.
Magnetic nanocomposite derived from Nopal cactus biopolymer and magnetic nanoparticles used for the microalgae flocculation of aqueous solution
Authors: Nguyen Lan Huong , Van Huu Tap , Quan Duong Hong , Pham Phuong Thuy Thi
Published: June 2021

A magnetic nanocomposite, using a Nopal cactus-derived biopolymer in combination with NH4OH-modified cobalt superparamagnetic (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles, was developed as a green flocculant system for recovery of microalgae from aqueous solutions. The obtained magnetic nanomaterials were subsequently dispersed in the biopolymer matrix with the support of ultrasonic waves. The effects of various factors on pectin extraction, fabrication of nanocomposites, and the flocculation process of microalgae were also studied. The characteristics of the obtained materials (pectin, modified magnetic nanoparticles, and nanocomposites) were evaluated via X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The optimal conditions for pectin extraction from Nopal cactus, as well as the fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles, modified magnetic nanoparticles, and nanocomposite were reported. The characteristic data of the fabricated materials showed heat resistance and abundant surface functional groups with high magnetization. The observed flocculation was attributed to the aggregation of unstable and small particles through surface charge neutralization, electrostatic patching, and/or bridging after addition of flocculants. The results showed that the nanocomposites could be a potential green flocculant for recovering microalgae with low cost and high efficiency.
Anatomical, physical, and mechanical parameters of clone plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: Li Yuanhe , Li Chao , Song Yi , Guo Yu , Yao Lihong
Published: June 2021

Anatomical characteristics of the plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata were studied. Clonal variability and intra-tree variation, as well as its possibilities of application to the wood industry were analyzed for four clones. Tracheid length from the first to 17th annual ring within clones increased rapidly at first, and then plateaued. The maximum value appeared at the 14th annual ring of clone IV (3795 μm), and the minimum value appeared at the 1st annual ring of clone I (849 μm). Tracheid width and tracheid double wall thickness increased first and then tended to be flat or slightly decreased; tracheid length to width ratio showed an overall increasing trend; the variation of tracheid double wall thickness was not significant. Between clones, the variation coefficient of tracheid width, double wall thickness, and wall to cavity ratio were large. The tissue proportion within clones from large to small was the following: tracheid proportion > wood ray proportion > parenchyma proportion, and there was no significant difference between clones. The basic density within clones showed a gradual increase but a certain fluctuation; the difference between clones was not significant. The maximum crystallinity appeared in clone II (sapwood 55.1%, heartwood 51.2%), and the difference between clones was not significant.
Lesia Ukrainka, Don Juan and Europe: ideology and eropolitics in the Stone Master
Authors: Yermolenko Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

The article is focused on Lesia Ukrainka’s famous drama The Stone Master (Kaminnyi Hospodar), her remake of the Don Juan legend. The author of the article, Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Yermolenko, localizes Lesia’s masterpiece in a broader European tradition of the legend. He compares The Stone Master with the previous version of the Don Juan legend, by Tirso de Molina (The Trickster of Seville), Moli re (Dom Juan), Mozart (Don Giovanni), Hoffmann (Don Juan), Grabbe (Faust and Don Juan) and others. He analyzes Lesia’s originality within this tradition. He also reads The Stone Master in the context of the dialogue between different epochs: the Baroque, Classicism, Rococo / Enlightenment, Romanticism, Post-Romanticism. Each of the epochs develops its specific version of Don Juan legend, according to Yermolenko, which reflects a specific concept of human being and human relations developed at each particular period. While the “Baroque” Don Juan of Tirso de Molina marks the crisis of the culture of honor, the “Classicist” Don Juan of Moli re shows the development of a culture of knowledge and general concepts, and the “Romantic” Don Juan of Byron and Hoffmann is a symptorm of a new 19th century culture of will and transformation. In this respect, it is important to look at Lesia Ukrainka’s text as a battleground of “Romantic” will to freedom and “Post-Romantic” (or fin de siècle) will to power. In this context, Yermolenko reads The Stone Master (written in 1912) as a criticism of the fashionable topic of “will to power”, and as a political warning, with Lesia Ukrainka showing the upcoming horrors of the 20th century’s authoritarianism and totalitarianism. With the help of the concept of eropolitics, the author shows how, through the erotic topic, Lesia Ukrainka passed a major political message to her epoch — and ours as well.
Descriptive and analytical psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey as theoretical source of phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl
Authors: Kebuladze Vakhtang
Published: June 2021

The article contains the critical reconstruction of descriptive and analytical psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey and its influence on the phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl. Dilthey describes three fundamental features of intrinsic psychic life, which make it different from external physical world: 1. Immediacy — psychic life is directly perceived as intrinsic process; physical world is indirectly perceived as external reality. 2. Connection — psychic life is organic connection of interrelated experiences, physical world is conglomeration of the separate facts. 3. Value — psychic experiences use to have the value to us, physical facts can be irrelevant to us. According to Dilthey descriptive and analytic psychology is possible since the psychic life is directly given as organic connection of experiences, which have a special value. The main method of psychology should be description of the psychic experience. Dilthey sketches out three main direction of this description: 1. Description of the main types of the psychic processes. 2. Description of the main connections of the human experiences. 3. Description of the special parts of the human experiences. On one hand, the phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl is grounded on the descriptive and analytic psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey. On another hand, Husserl criticizes some crucial points of Dilthey’s conception. First of all the founder of phenomenology and phenomenological psychology points out the connection of the notions “understanding” and “induction” in the psychological conception of Wilhelm Dilthey. On the contrary, according to Husserl the method of understanding should be based on the concept of intuition, which plays an important role in his phenomenological project.
Conservação de vacinas: o olhar da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Gonçalves Dayane Taís de Almeida , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca , Rennó Heloíza Maria Siqueira , Oliveira Virgínia Junqueira , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Carvalho Helenice Rita de Jesus , Montenegro Lívia Cozer , De Oliveira Valéria Conceição
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: compreender o significado da conservação de vacinas e do cuidado na sala de vacinação para a equipe de enfermagem de unidades de atenção primária à saúde.
Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo, sob o olhar e a perspectiva da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizado em março de 2018, por meio de entrevista aberta com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na sala de vacinação.
Resultados: com base na análise das entrevistas, os resultados foram organizados em três categorias: Manter a conservação de vacinas é cuidar da qualidade e da segurança, Agir no presente e pensar no futuro e Sala de vacinação ideal. Os profissionais compreendem a importância da conservação de vacinas pautada na qualidade, na segurança e na demanda por melhorias na estruturação das salas de vacinação.
Conclusões: a equipe de enfermagem percebe a necessidade de manter a cadeia de frio de conservação dos imunobiológicos em todas as instâncias, com expectativas e desejos de aquisição de equipamentos, para melhorar a estrutura física e a oferta de cuidado empático a fim de prevenir doenças.
Magia, Experiências Extáticas e a dimensão popular do Protocristianismo
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo Da Silva
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo, com características de ensaio acadêmico, tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama de pesquisas a respeito das experiências religiosas do protocristianismo, a partir de sua dimensão popular. Dentre as diferentes expressões dessas experiências, serão apresentados aspectos importantes para esse panorama, como a magia e as experiências extáticas, destacando-se aqui as viagens celestiais e a glossolalia, além do exorcismo. Busca-se indicar um caminho de superação do racionalismo acadêmico, que tende a considerar esses elementos secundários e até irrelevantes para o estudo do Novo Testamento e outros textos extracanônicos.
Exegese Iconográfica: uma brevíssima introdução
Authors: Klein Cardoso Silas
Published: June 2021

Exegese Iconográfica é uma perspectiva dentre os Estudos Bíblicos que utiliza vestígios visuais da antiga Palestina/Israel para iluminar termos, textos ou conceitos bíblicos. Enquanto suas origens remontam a Othmar Keel e pesquisadores associados a ele, a chamada Escola de Friburgo, sua prática alcançou recentemente posição consolidada dentre o cânon de perspectivas exegéticas. Contudo, apesar de ser praticada há quase cinquenta anos no mundo germanófono e pouco mais de trinta anos no mundo anglófono, pouco se produziu sobre a perspectiva em língua portuguesa. O artigo preenche essa lacuna fazendo uma brevíssima introdução à perspectiva, apresentando sua definição, desenvolvimentos históricos, principais conceitos e métodos.
Textos Apocalípticos e modos fantásticos de narrar: um exercício no Apocalipse de Pedro
Authors: Mattos Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo busca responder ao desafio proposto pelo dossiê: revisitar a Bíblia a partir de Perspectivas Modernas. Não é uma tarefa fácil. Imediatamente, já partimos de um pressuposto diferenciado: propomos uma abrangência da rede textual a que nos referimos para a pesquisa. Convidamos para a leitura de um texto apócrifo. Nossa escolha não é ao acaso. Nosso fio condutor é o conceito de apocrificidade que em si, propõe uma ampliação de fontes a serem estudadas para a compreensão do Cristianismo em suas origens. Nosso convite é ler uma fonte não- canônica como produto cultural e parte integrante da formação de imaginário religioso do Cristianismo. Por trás da ideia de propor uma leitura de texto apócrifo vem um exercício de análise da nossa fonte a partir da teoria literária como método de perspectiva moderna. Então, oferecemos a quem lê, uma perspectiva diferenciada para ler um texto fora do padrão normativo do que se chamaria cânon.
Identidade e comunhão entre gentios e judeus, na igreja
Authors: Gomes Silvio Cezar José Pereira
Published: June 2021

A partir da nova perspectiva de Paulo, este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a posição que os gentios tinham, dentro da comunidade dos seguidores de Jesus de Nazaré, após o evento pascal. Por meio de análises do relato da ida de Paulo à Jerusalém e da versão paulina do incidente em Antioquia, registrados em Gálatas, do texto do concílio em Jerusalém, em Atos e da tradição oral rabínica sobre os gentios convertidos ao judaísmo, se tentará conhecer os gentios da comunidade. Quem são os gentios seguidores de Jesus? Como eles eram vistos entre os judeus seguidores de Jesus? São gentios convertidos ao judaísmo? E como ficam as questões a respeito da impureza dos gentios? Ainda que com pouco espaço, este trabalho visão lançar luzes sobre essas questões.
Immunotropic effects of mesotherapy used for correction of age-related skin changes
Authors: Sizyakina L. P. , Andrreeva I. I. , Sergeeva A. I.
Published: June 2021

Rapid progression of aesthetic medicine is a distinctive feature of present decade. In this area, leading position is taken by injection cosmetology, which is associated with an opportunity of pathogenetic approach to resolution of cosmetic problems primarily caused by skin aging. The most commonly used mesotherapy drugs, along with hyaluronic acid, are vitamins, amino acids, and microelements. Skin aging is associated with quantitative and functional changes in the local immune cell populations. In this case, it is rational to assume distinct effects of peptide complexes upon functional potential of immunocompetent cells. The aim of this study was to analyze time-dependent changes of some immune parameters after mesotherapy with a complex of hyaluronic acid and peptides. The observation group consisted of 26 women who received their course of mesotherapy for the first time. Objective instrumental evaluation of the effect with Aramo Smart Lite device showed that, after mesotherapy, the skin quality was significantly improving in comparison with pre-treatment conditions, due to decreased relief of skin creases and wrinkles, with a tendency for reduction of this effect six months later. When comparing the results of immunological testing in the patients after the course of treatment with the data before starting the therapy, we have found redistribution in the lymphoid cell populations, i.e., increased proportion of T-lymphocytes, decreased amounts of B cells, and CD16+ natural killers. Declined numbers of T-lymphocytes expressing early activation marker were associated with increased proportion of peripheral Treg lymphocytes. We have also detected activation of antibody production which manifested as increased levels of all major classes of serum immunoglobulins. Enhanced spontaneous oxidative activity of neutrophils was also noted. The results of immunological monitoring showed that, three months post-treatment, none of the quantitative and functional parameters of immunity was changed, as compared with the results obtained immediately after ending the mesotherapy. Six months later, however, all these indexes returned to their initial positions assessed before the cosmetic procedure. The changes in systemic immune response following mesotherapy with peptide complexes affect the mechanisms of both innate and acquired immunity, including differentiation of lymphocytes, their regulatory functions and activation potential, and provide modulation of effector reactions. Complete restoration of initial immune parameters is observed within six months.
Assessing Serratia spp. pathogenic potential from cryogenic habitats
Authors: Goncharov A. E. , Solomenny A. P. , Panin A. L. , Grigoriev S. E. , Cheprasov M. Yu. , Ahremenko Ya. A. , Kolodzieva V. V. , Goncharov N. E. , Kraeva L. A.
Published: June 2021

The genus Serratia are opportunistic bacteria widely spread in natural environment. At the same time, this bacterial genus consists of the species associated with outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Serratia species are found in extreme habitats, but pathogenic potential of polyextremophilic strains in this genus remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the genomes of two Serratia strains isolated in polar regions, primarily examining genetic factors of virulence and adaptation to cryogenic environment. During the 56th Russian Antarctic Expedition the Serratia liquefaciens 72 strain was isolated from a guano sample of the Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colony on Tokarev Island (Haswell Archipelago, East Antarctica). The Serratia fonticola 5l strain was isolated from the frozen carcass of moose (Alces alces) fossils found on the Buor-Khaya Peninsula near the Laptev Sea coast (Yakutia Region, Russia). The whole-genome sequencing of such strains allowed to reveal genetic structures evidencing about their successful adaptation to low temperatures. Thus, it was found that both genomes contain genes encoding the main cold shock proteins, phylogenetically close to the corresponding genes in the hypobarotolerant Serratia liquefaciens strain ATCC 27592. Furthermore, both strains bear a cluster of tc-fABCD genes determining the bacterial adhesion to epithelial tissues, and the genes for RTX toxins — adhesins, crucial factors of biofilm formation in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Experimental studies confirmed the ability of Serratia liquefaciens 72 and Serratia fonticola 5l to actively form biofilms in a wide temperature range (from 6°C to 37°C). The results obtained indicate that the examined genus Serratia strains isolated in Arctica and Antarctica exert overall similar adaptation strategies to polar climate, including the ability to produce pili, show active adhesion, and biofilm formation under low temperatures. Genetic adaptive factors may also act as pathogenicity factors allowing extremotolerant Serratia strains to exert traits of opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens and spread via chilled food-borne transmission. The wide use of food technologies, such as cooling and vacuum sealing, can potentially create a new ecological niche favourable for selection of psychrotolerant and hypobarotolerant pathogens. The data obtained allow to raise a question about necessity of further studies to monitor genetic diversity among psychrophilic hypobarotolerant microbial populations possessing pathogenic and epidemic potential.
Molecular and genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis population in the Vologda Region with low tuberculosis incidence
Authors: Vyazovaya А. A. , Lebedeva I. A. , Ushakova N. B. , Pavlov V. V. , Gerasimova A. A. , Solovieva N. S. , Zhuravlev V. Yu. , Narvskaya O. V.
Published: June 2021

The Vologda Region is characterized by a relatively calm epidemic situation for tuberculosis in Russia: the incidence rate in 2010—2018 is decreased from 45.2 to 15.8 per 100 thousand of the population (44.4 in Russia). However, the proportion of patients with multiple drug resistance (MDR) of the pathogen increased from 12.1% in 2016 to 23.7% in 2018. The aim of the study was to characterize the genetic structure of the M. tuberculosis population and identify the main genotypes associated with the primary multidrug resistance of the pathogen in the Vologda Region. A total of 82 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated in 2018 from newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients were studied. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the standard method of absolute concentration and BACTEC MGIT 960 kit. M. tuberculosis strains were assigned to the Beijing genotype and its main subtypes based on the analysis of specific markers. The Beijing strains were subtyped by the MIRU-VNTR method (24 standard loci), calculating the Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI). Other strains of the non-Beijing group were spoligotyped. The majority of the strains were of the Beijing genotype (62.2%; 51 of 82). The most numerous cluster was Central Asian/Russian (41.5%; 34 of 82 strains). The shares of the Central Asia Outbreak (CAO) subtype and cluster B0/W148 amounted to 8.5% and 7.3%, respectively. The non-Beijing strains belonged to the genetic families T (11%; 9 of 82), LAM (11%), Haarlem (6.1%), and Ural (4.9%). Among 82 M. tuberculosis isolates, 33 (40.2%) MDR strains were identified, counting 27 of the Beijing genotype, including those of the Central Asian/Russian — 18 (66.7%), B0/W148 and CAO — 4 each (14.8%) clusters. MIRU-VNTR typing of 51 Beijing strains revealed 22 profiles (HGDI = 0.852); the largest clusters were 94-32 (35.3%) and 95-32 (15.7%), which included strains Central Asian/Russian and CAO. Four strains of genotype B0/W148 belonged to cluster 100-32. The loci QUB26 (HGDI = 0.493) and MIRU26 (HGDI = 0.388) had the highest polymorphism. For the first time, a molecular genetic study carried out in the Vologda region revealed the heterogeneity of the M. tuberculosis population with strains of the Beijing genotype dominated. At the same time, the share of the associated with MDR, epidemiologically and clinically significant cluster Beijing B0/W148, well defined in Russia and abroad, was only 7.3%, which is significantly less than in other regions of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (~19%). Concurrent, representatives of the Central Asian/Russian cluster of the Beijing genotype prevailed in the structure of genotypes and among MDR M. tuberculosis strains.
What can be expected to be seen in a Neurology ward? Eleven-year experience in a Brazilian university hospital
Authors: MOREIRA Daniel Gabay , OLIVEIRA Enedina Maria Lobato de , COELHO Fernando Morgadinho dos Santos , FERRAZ Henrique Ballalai , FRANCISCO Silvio , BORGES Vanderci , BICHUETTI Denis Bernardi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Neurological disorders are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, data about general neurological inpatient admissions in Brazil is limited. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neurological disorders according to disease group and lesion site among patients admitted to a general Neurology ward. Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. The hospital discharge database for the Neurology ward was surveyed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), from September 2008 to October 2019. The final diagnosis was classified into neurological disorder groups and site. Results: Overall, 2,606 clinical neurological patient files were included, with mean length of hospitalization of 16.7 days and a total of 325 readmissions (12.5%). The overall mortality rate in the ward was 3.8% (100 patients). Among all the diagnoses, cerebrovascular disease was the most prevalent (45.8%), followed by inflammatory disorders (22.2%). The brain was the most common lesion site (66.0%), followed by peripheral nerves (10.0%) and meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (7.7%). Conclusions: The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.
Probable first report of a motor deafferentation syndrome in the Paraguayan War
Authors: GOMES Marleide da Mota , FREITAS Marcos Raimundo Gomes de
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The Paraguayan War ended 150 years ago. Back then, there were outbreaks of combatants’ limb weakness and tingling related to "palustrian cachexia", not clearly funded at the time on nutritional deficiency, the use of native flora to feed troops, and alcoholism. We report a case of a soldier with ascending paralysis, mental confusion and finally tetraplegia with preserved oculomotricity. This would probably be a case of locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to Gayet-Wernicke's encephalopathy consequent to thiamine deficiency. The role of thiamine in the peripheral or central nervous system expression was shown decades later to be related to poor diet, or use of foods containing thiaminase or thiamine antagonists, worsened by the fact that the bodily stores of thiamine are restricted, and deficits may grow fast.
Subregistro y exhaustividad de los sistemas de vigilancia de tuberculosis en una región del Perú: un análisis de captura-recaptura
Authors: Quiroz-Ruiz Hans Ramón , Sosa-Flores Jorge Luis , Hernández-Palomino Fiorella Nathalí
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación buscó determinar el subregistro de casos de tuberculosis (TB) en la Región Cajamarca, Perú, en los años 2017 y 2018, mediante el método de captura recaptura, asimismo estimar la tasa de incidencia a través de este método, evaluar la exhaustividad de los sistemas de vigilancia, y describir las características epidemiológicas de la TB en el periodo estudiado. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en la Región Cajamarca; se analizaron dos sistemas de vigilancia: el Sistema de Información Gerencial de Tuberculosis (SIGTB) y el Sistema Epidemiológico de Tuberculosis (SIEPI-TB), en base al número de casos registrados en cada sistema se aplicó el método de captura y recaptura para obtener una estimación de casos reales, validando los datos con un modelo log-lineal en el entorno estadístico R. Los mayores subregistros en los sistemas fueron: 40,7% en el 2017 y 25,6% en el 2018; se encontró que las tasas de incidencia estimadas en ambos años fueron superiores a las reportadas por los sistemas oficiales, el sistema de vigilancia más exhaustivo fue el SIEPI-TB. Los resultados indican la existencia de un preocupante subregistro y la necesidad de monitoreo de los sistemas de vigilancia de tuberculosis.
"O Ensino Médico no Brasil Está Mudando?" Transpondo Desafios para Concretizar Mudanças
Authors: Wierzchon Patricia Maria
Published: June 2021

Resumo: As exigências crescentes da sociedade em relação ao profissional da saúde levaram à necessidade de mudanças na educação médica. Formar um profissional capaz de tratar o indivíduo doente como um todo, sem esquecer o ambiente onde ele vive e suas dificuldades emocionais e financeiras, é hoje fundamental. A aprendizagem baseada em problemas surgiu como uma boa alternativa, pois consegue unir conhecimentos e induzir o raciocínio do aluno de forma a observar todos os aspectos relevantes para a saúde. Concretizar mudanças exige muito dinamismo e trabalho, uma vez que o processo precisa ser constantemente avaliado para se adequar às dificuldades e problemas surgidos durante a mudança curricular.
O Prefixo des, a Prática e o Ensino Médicos: Humanizar É Preciso
Authors: Cruz Emirene Maria Trevisan Navarro da
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Discorre-se sobre a desumanização das relações professor-estudante-médico-paciente e a necessidade de seu resgate. São apontados sinais da deformação do ensino e dadas algumas sugestões para preservar, no produto final da escola médica, o profissional comprometido com a pessoa do paciente.
Enseñando Bioética: Prioridad de Substancia sobre Método
Authors: Kottow Miguel
Published: June 2021

Resumen: Aún persisten discusiones acerca de si la medicina posee una moral interna, que estaría representada por la bioética. Alternativamente, la bioética ha sido considerada como un método para resolver problemas éticos en clínica. El presente artículo apoya el carácter disciplinario de la bioética y su función en reflexionar sobre la moral interna de las prácticas biomédicas. El principialismo no ofrece un análisis de suficiente rigor, como tampoco lo hacen las propuestas más pragmáticas. Baseado en el cambio de carácter que está modificando la práctica de la medicina, se propone rediseñar el currículo en base a 6 temas que están marcando el futuro de la medicina: el predominio de lo económico, la sofisticación tecnocientífica, la erosión entre salud y enfermedad y entre medicina terapéutica y medicina desiderativa, el énfasis en medicina preventiva y pública y, finalmente, las repercusiones de todos estos cambios en la realidad sanitária latinoamericana. Estos nuevos desafíos requieren un debate axiológico renovado, mediado por una bioética rigurosamente disciplinada, que amplíe el ámbito moral de los educandos más allá de sólo darle una competência algorítmica para resolver problemas ético-clínicos.
Biometric measurements of the nasal area of newborns for the development of a nasal protector model: cross-sectional study
Authors: Mascarenhas Mércia Lisieux Vaz da Costa , Guedes Bruna Luizy dos Santos , Ferreira Marcella Martins Barbosa , Santos Magda Kelanny de Oliveira dos , Santos Regina Célia Sales , Lúcio Ingrid Martins Leite
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the biometric measurements of the nasal area of premature and term newborns to provide parameters for a nasal protector model. Method: A crosssectional descriptive study, carried out in the neonatal joint accommodation, intermediate and intensive care units of a hospital in Maceio, Alagoas, with a total of 300 newborns, divided into two groups: 150 term and 150 premature. Neonatal history data and 1200 digital photographs were used for biometric measurements. Results: The groups were homogeneous regarding gender, weight and length of the newborn. The measurements of nasal width, distance from the wing of the nose to the right and left columella midline, right and left nasal introitus area, length of the right and left nasal dorsum were different when compared in groups according to gestational age and weight ranges - very low weight, low weight and appropriate weight for gestational age (p<0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained provide parameters for creating a nasal protector for newborns using prongs, considering anatomical aspects.
Neuman Systems Model in perioperative nursing care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Pestana-Santos Márcia , Santos Margarida da Silva Reis , Cabral Ivone Evangelista , Sousa Paula Cristina , Lomba Maria de Lurdes Lopes de Freitas
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To implement the nursing process, based on the Neuman Systems Model and the International Classification of Nursing Practice terminology, in the care of an adolescent who underwent corrective surgery for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Method: This is a qualitative study of the type of single case, with triangulation of data collection techniques (formal clinical interview, notes in a field diary and medical record information), developed with a 17-year-old adolescent and indication for corrective surgery. The empirical materials generated with the interviews carried out at admission and at discharge, observation and medical record information were treated with categorical content analysis. Results: The categories of personal condition, anxiety, selfconcept, meaningful people, facilitating health resources, school, free time and leisure were recurrent. Diagnoses were defined with a focus on Anxiety, Knowledge on pain management (control) and Willingness (or readiness) to learn, associating them with the respective nursing interventions. Conclusion: The Model contributed to assess and recognize surgery stressors for the adolescent and to theoretically base the nursing process. The classification allowed systematizing nursing care records, elements of clinical practice, unifying vocabulary and codes.