bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROMOTING EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF GAMIFICATION AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Authors: Gomez Morgan , Pahor Anja , Carrillo Audrey , Seitz Aaron , Jaeggi Susanne
Published: January 2025

Evidence suggests that cognitive training can be beneficial for older adults to maintain and improve executive functions (EFs). EFs are important for many everyday functions, and they are impacted by aging and dementia. Integrating game-like features can boost motivation and engagement during cognitive training, promoting learning outcomes. Yet, incorporating game design elements may also increase cognitive load and distraction for some individuals. Using EF training, we investigated individual differences and the impact of gamification in older adults, including those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). We conducted two crossover randomized controlled trials (143 older adults; M=69 years, SD=7.5) comparing the effects of gamified and non-gamified EF interventions. We tested whether and how individual differences in inhibitory control (IC) or general cognitive ability (GCA) at baseline predict the effectiveness of these interventions. We hypothesized that participants with greater difficulty inhibiting distractions would benefit more from non-gamified training, whereas those with higher distractor tolerance would perform better with gamified tasks. Results showed that IC significantly predicted transfer. Furthermore, high IC individuals benefitted more from gamified training, whereas low IC individuals benefitted more from non-gamified training. Conversely, GCA did not predict transfer, with no significant interaction between GCA and training condition. These findings support the IC model over the GCA model on predicting transfer effects. Our findings will inform the development of personalized cognitive interventions to mitigate EF impairments, particularly in populations at risk for AD/ADRD.
PURPOSE IN LIFE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FUTURE THOUGHTS: RESULTS FROM DAILY LIFE ASSESSMENT IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Lewis Nathan , Choi Yoonseok , Lay Jennifer , Graf Peter , Da Jiang  , Mahmood Atiya , Fung Helene H , Hoppmann Christiane
Published: January 2025

Theoretical work suggests a sense of purpose in life may encourage health-promoting behaviors by facilitating a more future-oriented time perspective about one’s everyday goals and actions. However, little research has investigated whether people with a strong sense of purpose are thinking more about the future in their everyday lives and whether this changes across adulthood. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the present study aimed to investigate associations between a sense of purpose in life, age, thoughts about the future, and physical activity. A total of 256 younger and older adults living in Canada and Hong Kong (Mage=48.0, SD=24.6, range=18-85, 68% women) completed electronic assessments 3x/day for 10 days, recording their current thoughts and how much these were directed towards the future. A subset of participants also completed a 6-month follow-up where they reported their physical activity over the past week. Multilevel models indicated those with a higher in sense of purpose reported more future-oriented thoughts across the EMA period, adjusting for self-rated health and demographics (b=3.12, 95% CI=0.33–5.90, p=.028). Associations between sense of purpose and thoughts of the future were consistent across younger and older adults. While a sense of purpose was associated with more future-oriented thoughts, these thoughts did not predict subsequent physical activity 6 months later (b=-0.00, p=.998). Findings support the notion that adults higher in purpose direct their thoughts more towards the future in daily life, yet more work is needed to uncover if and how this impacts health behavior decisions.
RACE, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE HEALTH ABC STUDY
Authors: Rooks Ronica , Noor Mirza Ishrat , Vasquez Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Productive activities (working and volunteering) promote older adults’ purpose in life, physical activity, and social support and may improve cognitive functioning. We hypothesized older adults working or volunteering will have higher cognition, and each productive activity will attenuate the relationship between race and cognition. We used the Health ABC study, a cohort of community-dwelling, well-functioning Black (48.4%) and White (51.6%) older adults aged 70-79 in year 1 (n=2,996). Our linear mixed-effects models included race, working or volunteering, gender, age, education, smoking, the 400-meter walk, diabetes, and racial interactions with each productive activity in year 1 and the Teng 3MS in year 11. In our working model, working and its racial interaction were not significant. Older Black vs. White adults scored -4.4 points lower; women, a high school degree or some post-secondary education, and former vs. never smokers related to higher; and each additional year of age and diabetes related to lower 3MS scores. In our volunteering model, volunteering was not significant. Older Black vs. White adults scored -5.2 points lower; women, a high school degree or some post-secondary education, and former vs. never smokers related to higher; each additional year of age and diabetes related to lower; and older Black vs. White volunteers scored 2.0 points higher 3MS scores. While racial disparities in 3MS scores existed in both models, older Black volunteers were cognitively protected. Our policy implication is to invest in older adults’ volunteering as social determinant interventions to maintain cognitive functioning and reduce racial disparities.
RACIAL CLIMATE AND WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN CLINICAL RESEARCH AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS
Authors: Dabiri Sanaz , Raman Rema , Grooms Jevay
Published: January 2025

In the US, there is a striking inequity in morbidity and mortality rates among racial and ethnic minoritized populations, particularly African American (AA) individuals, compared to White individuals. Despite these disparities, recruiting AA communities for clinical research remains challenging. Using the social-ecological model as a framework, this project aimed to examine whether the racial climate of the geographical area-including police shootings, neighborhood vulnerabilities, and individual trust in institutions- is significantly associated with willingness to participate in clinical studies. We analyzed data from the University of Florida HealthStreet registry, which assesses community perceptions toward research participation. This data was aligned with police shootings from the Fatal Encounters dataset and the Social Vulnerability Index by county and zip code. Participants had an average age of 42.6 years (SD=16.49) with an average education of 13.12 years (SD=2.5). Most were female (64%) and identified as AA (53.7%). Results showed that higher rates of police shootings were significantly associated with lower willingness to participate in studies involving blood samples (b=-1.39,se=.004, p<.01), taking medication (b=-.01,se=.006, p<.05), genetic studies (b=.001,se=.00, p<.05), and using medical equipment (b=-.02,se=.00,p<.001) among AA adults. Higher social vulnerability was also linked to lower research participation (b=-3.53,se=1.05, p<.001). Trust in research (ACME b=-.0004, p<.01) and researchers (ACME b=-.0003, p<.01) mediated the relationship between police shootings and willingness to take medication. Racial climate’s contribution to research participation among AA communities is poorly understood. Our findings underscore the need to address these factors to improve community engagement and reduce the diversity gap in research.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN PREDICTIVE CAPACITY OF EDUCATIONAL POLYGENIC SCORES ON PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Catt Wade , Williams Micah , Latham-Mintus Kenzie
Published: January 2025

This research examined whether educational polygenic scores were associated with physical limitations among older adults with European or African ancestry. In the European ancestry sample, we found that education polygenic scores were significantly associated with physical limitations in the age- and sex-adjusted models; however, education polygenic scores were no longer associated with physical limitations after adjusting for current socioeconomic status and health risk factors. In the African ancestry sample, education polygenic scores were not associated with physical limitations. Observed educational attainment was a robust predictor of physical limitations in both samples. This research demonstrates the racial inequalities in the predictive capacity of educational polygenic scores. We hypothesize that this disparity is a result of structural barriers to educational attainment by race and/or racial inequities in data collection. Both explanations stem from structural racism and highlight the limited usefulness of polygenic scores for clinical decision-making. We use these findings to explore competing theoretical explanatory frameworks of the utility and limitations of the use of polygenic scores in social and health sciences.
RACIAL//ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RESEARCH
Authors: Skemp Eleanor , Sathish Tanish , Zhang Yichen , Carpenter Brian
Published: January 2025

The underrepresentation of minority populations in Alzheimer disease (AD) research has implications for both science and practice, as diversity and inclusion are crucial to ensure generalizable findings and equitable healthcare. However, various factors influence the reluctance of minoritized individuals to participate in AD research, making it important to understand the attitudes that hinder their participation. This study investigated racial/ethnic differences in attitudes about participating in AD research. Results are based on data from a 2022 national survey of U.S. adults (N = 1,274), with a deliberate oversampling of Black respondents. Participants were surveyed about their willingness to join an AD research registry, participate in an AD cohort study, and about reasons underlying their willingness. Participants self-identified as White (47.3%), Black (43.9%), and Hispanic (8.8%). A higher percentage of Blacks were unwilling to participate in a research registry or a cohort study than Whites and Hispanics (p’s <.006), and Blacks were less likely to perceive participation as a contribution to society (p <.001). Hispanics expressed greater concern in cohort studies about the time commitment, the potential to receive negative health news, and fear that research results could be used against them (p’s <.002). As a note of caution, statistically significant differences were relatively small. Despite the limitations a relatively crude racial/ethnic categorization, results could inform AD research recruitment strategies by identifying factors that may cause hesitance among potential participants, with the goal of enhancing the presence of underrepresented groups in AD research.
SENOLYTIC EFFECTS ON COGNITION, MOBILITY, AND BIOMARKERS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MCI AND SLOW GAIT: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Millar Courtney , Iloputaife Ike , Baldyga Kathryn , Norling Amani , Boulougoura Afroditi , Vichos Theodoros , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland Jim
Published: January 2025

One aim of this single-arm pilot study, called the STAMINA Study, evaluates the preliminary effects of two senolytic drugs, Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ), on phenotypic and biological outcomes in older adults with slow gait speed and mild cognitive impairment. Twelve participants took six cycles of 100 mg of Dasatinib and 1250 mg of Quercetin for two days every two weeks over 12 weeks. Absolute changes in cognition and mobility, and percent changes in biomarkers were calculated. Spearman correlations between changes in phenotypic and biomarker outcomes were performed. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (mean change = 1.0 point, 95%CI: -0.7, 2.7) and stride length (mean change = 0.031 meters, 95% CI: -0.003, 0.066) tended to improve following DQ, without reaching statistical significance. However, MoCA scores did improve significantly by 2 points (95%CI: 0.1, 4.0) in those with the lowest baseline MoCA scores (18-25 points). Mean percent change in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key product of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), decreased following DQ (mean change = -3.0%, 95%CI: -13.0, 7.1), which was significant when compared to biomarker controls (p=0.04). Reduction in TNF-α was significantly correlated with increases in MoCA score (r=-0.65, p=0.02).This study suggests that intermittent DQ treatment may have functional benefits in older adults with slow gait speed and mild cognitive impairment. The observed reduction in TNF-α and its correlation with increases in MoCA scores suggests that DQ may improve cognition by modulating the SASP. However, these data are preliminary and must be interpreted with caution.
SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE PREDICTS HIGHER ENGAGEMENT IN COGNITIVELY STIMULATING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Lewis Nathan , Hill Kyrsten , Pfund Gabrielle , Rule Payton , Allemand Mathias , Hill Patrick
Published: January 2025

Several studies have noted associations between having a strong sense of purpose or direction in life and better cognitive health outcomes including better memory, executive functioning, and reduced dementia risk. However, limited research has considered why these associations occur. Engaging in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading is believed to promote cognitive reserve—the brain’s ability to compensate for damage and maintain function even in the face of aging or neurological disease. The present study aimed to test this potential mechanism by examining whether a stronger sense of purpose predicts higher engagement in cognitively stimulating activities, and whether these associations differed based on age and retirement status. Data were collected from an online survey of 787 American adults on Prolific, with over-recruitment of older adults (Mage=50.31, SD=16.34, Range=19-85, 49.30% women, 71.08% White). Multiple regression tested whether those with higher in sense of purpose reported more frequent engagement in 15 activities from the Cognitive Leisure Activity Scale (e.g., reading a book/newspaper, doing puzzles, attending a club or group activity). Having a stronger sense of purpose in life was associated with more frequent participation in cognitive leisure activities (β=0.25, 95% CI [0.19, 0.32], p<.001) adjusting for age, gender, race, income, and retirement status. Additional models found no significant interactions with age (β= 0.00, 95% CI [-0.00, 0.01], p=.156) and retirement status (β=0.09, 95% CI [-0.09, 0.24], p=.236). These findings suggest that a strong sense of purpose may encourage cognitive activity, regardless of age or retirement, potentially supporting cognitive health.
SKN-1 ISOFORM-C IS ESSENTIAL FOR C. ELEGANS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gaglio Marisa , Gorla Vandita , Nair Tripti , Ramos Carmen , Turner Chris , Curran Sean
Published: January 2025

The transcription factor SKN-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans is a critical regulator of various biological processes, impacting development, diet and immune responses, cellular detoxification, and lipid metabolism; thereby playing a pivotal role in regulating the health and lifespan of the organism. The primary isoforms of SKN-1 (SKN-1a, SKN-1b, and SKN-1c) exhibit distinct functions resembling mammalian Nrf transcription factors. This study investigates the specific role of the SKN-1c isoform in development by generating mutants with targeted missense mutations in the skn-1c and skn-1a isoforms. The skn-1c Met1Ala mutants, which replaces a start methionine with alanine, renders SKN-1c non-functional while preserving other isoforms, produced inviable embryos, requiring a balancer chromosome for proper embryonic development. In contrast, skn-1a Met1Ala mutants, which replaces the start methionine with alanine for this isoform, displayed normal embryonic development and hatching. Moreover, the data suggest that SKN-1c plays a crucial role in embryonic development, as strains without maternally deposited SKN-1c lead to embryos that are developmentally arrested. Together, these findings contribute to our understanding of SKN-1c’s specific role in influencing embryogenesis and development in C. elegans.
STAFF FOCUS GROUP TO INFORM A DYADIC PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FOR SHORT-STAYS IN NURSING HOME
Authors: Plys Evan , Law Makenna , Seward Morgan , Vranceanu Ana-Maria
Published: January 2025

Background

Subacute/post-acute nursing home (NH) stays represent a missed opportunity for psychological intervention with patient-caregiver dyads at a highly stressful time. Existing interventions are not designed specifically for this setting and dyadic population. This study aimed to identify: (1) psychological needs to inform intervention content; and (2) context-specific considerations for implementation.

Methods

We conducted 5 focus groups with 28 NH staff (e.g., leadership, clinical, administrative). Interview guides were iteratively developed and aligned with the Designing for Accelerated Translation of Emerging Innovations (DART) framework. Data were analyzed using hybrid indicative-deductive reflexive thematic analysis to map emergent themes onto the DART framework for intervention development (i.e., demand, user-centered design, and context-sensitive).

Results

A dyadic psychological intervention was identified as filling a gap in care, demonstrating value added. Two themes related to demand: (1) staff need help addressing psychological concerns, and (2) psychological services are lacking for short-stay dyads. Four themes related to user needs: (1) fear and worry related to declining health; (2) emotional responses to changes in independence; (3) impact of psychological distress on rehabilitation progress; and (4) impact of psychological distress on discharge. For context-sensitive approaches, staff provided feedback for intervention delivery (e.g., session length), implementation (e.g., referrals), and the research protocol (e.g., randomization).

Conclusion

Qualitative data was matched with theory and evidence-based skills to develop a dyadic psychological intervention for the NH setting: Building Resilience In SKilled nursing care (BRISK). This presentation will present intervention content, implementation, and protocol considerations to be tested in an upcoming open pilot.
STEREOTYPE EMBODIMENT AFFECTS FEAR OF FALLING: COMPARISON OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEASURES
Authors: Blount Amber , Ali Eman , Leinbach Carla , Kim Dahee , Lafontant Kworweinski , Lighthall Nichole , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: January 2025

Stereotype Embodiment Theory posits that societal stereotypes about aging affect older adults’ self-perceptions of aging (SPA). The implicit belief of negative stereotype associations may be less influential than explicit stereotype beliefs. Stereotype affirming beliefs can be implicit in which there’s no self-identification, while stereotype embodiment is explicit self-identification with negative stereotypes. Little is known about the role of implicit associations of aging in older adults. Negative SPA is associated with fear of falling (FOF) in older adults. This study explored the association between stereotype embodiment and implicit associations, and FOF among low-income community-dwelling older adults (N=162, MeanAge = 74.6, SD = 7.15). Stereotype embodiment was assessed using the Consequences-control-negative subdomain of the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire, while implicit associations of aging was measured using the Age Implicit Association Test. FOF was assessed using the Short Fall Efficacy Scale-International. Most participants (86.9%) exhibited implicit aging stereotype beliefs, with 41.4% also displaying stereotype embodiment. Among those with both negative implicit associations and stereotype embodiment, 48.3% had high FOF. No significant correlation was found between stereotype embodiment and implicit associations. However, a significant association between stereotype embodiment and FOF was found (p < 0.05), whereas the association between implicit associations and FOF was non-significant. These findings support stereotype embodiment theory, highlighting that self-identification with negative aging stereotypes can contribute to self-fulfilling prophecies more than mere stereotype beliefs do. This holds implications for clinical gerontologists by indicating a need for interventions targeting maladaptive self-stereotyping to mitigate overestimated FOF in older adults.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RACE, SEX, AGE, AND PERSONAL FINANCES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Simon Lena , Allan Alexa , Tian Junyan , Buxton Orfeu , Zonderman Alan , Evans Michele , Gamaldo Alyssa
Published: January 2025

The current study explored (a) the association between personal finances during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms and (b) whether this association varies by sociodemographic characteristics. The sample included 158 aging adults (60% African Americans; 72% Female; age 46-83) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhood of Diversity across the Life Span Sleep Study (HANDLSleep). Participants were asked to self-report changes in their finances during the COVID-19 pandemic on a scale from 0 (unstable or consistent decline) to 2 (consistent increase). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) measured depressive symptomology and severity. Linear regression models indicated reports of unstable/consistent decline in finances during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with greater depressive symptomology even after adjusting for age, sex, and race (β = -.24, p =.034). Additionally, a significant interaction between race and COVID-19 finances item was observed (β =.91, p =.033). Nonsignificant interactions were observed between the COVID-10 finances item and other demographic variables (age, sex). Subsequent race-stratified analyses suggested that the significant association between unstable/consistent decline in finances during COVID-19 and greater depressive symptoms were observed only among White adults (β -.52, p =.008) but not within Black/African American adults (β = -.10, p >.05). These findings highlight the financial consequences of sociohistorical events (e.g., structural factors in a COVID-19 pandemic context) for mental health. These differential outcomes in groups of community dwelling adults suggest different public health measures and policies may be warranted under these circumstances.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH STROKE
Authors: Phianhasin Lalipat , Benjasirisan Chitchanok , Ruksakulpiwat Suebsarn , Byun Eeeseung
Published: January 2025

Older adults with stroke often experience physical and mental disabilities, resulting in limitations on social functioning, such as participating in social roles and activities. Social determinants of health (SDOH), such as education and income, are shown to have an impact on morbidity and mortality in stroke survivors. However, little is known about the impact of SDOH on social functioning in older adults with stroke. We aimed to examine the associations between SDOH (i.e., marital status, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio [PIR], work status, and health insurance status) and social functioning (i.e., difficulty doing errands alone, participating in social activities, and work limitations due to health problems) in older adults with stroke. We used the National Health Interview Survey 2019-2022 data, which had 61,957 participants aged 60 years and older, including 4,163 stroke survivors. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between SDOH and social functioning after adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, and perceived health status. Being a racial/ethnic minority and not working over the previous week were associated with difficulty doing errands alone. Not being married, being Hispanic or non-Hispanic Asian, and not working over the previous week were associated with difficulty participating in social activities. Not being married, having a PIR < 1 (income below the federal poverty threshold), and not working over the previous week were associated with work limitations due to health problems. Addressing SDOH in care plans for older adults with stroke may improve social functioning and quality of life in this at-risk population.
THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN LONELINESS, SOCIAL ISOLATION AND FIVE DOMAINS OF COGNITION
Authors: Yoon Dokyung , Zelinski Elizabeth , Eich Teal
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the associations between loneliness, social isolation, and five cognitive domains by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Participants included 2,884 older adults (mean age = 72.8) in the 2016 Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. The 11-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used for loneliness. For social isolation, several indicators were scaled (e.g., marital status, contact frequency with children, other family members, and friends, and participation in social organizations) using the Steptoe’s Social Isolation Index. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis findings from Zahodne et al. (2020)’s article, the average z-scores of the test results corresponding to each cognitive domain (memory, executive function, visuoconstruction, language, and processing speed) were calculated. Multiple regression for each cognitive domain was conducted. The results revealed that there were significant associations between loneliness and the cognitive scores across all five domains, indicating that the lonelier older adults were, the lower their cognitive scores tend to be. Even after controlling for demographics and depression, these associations remained significant for memory, executive function, and language. Social isolation showed a significant association only with processing speed. However, the interaction term between loneliness and social isolation was not significant across all five cognitive domains. This study provides that links between social isolation, loneliness, and cognition differ across domains. Furthermore, loneliness might have an association with memory, executive function, and language independently of depression.
THE CLOSER THE BETTER? AGE DIFFERENCES IN EXPRESSING EMOTIONS TO OTHERS
Authors: Stephenson Jane , Chen Enna , Whitman Kathrine , Carstensen Laura
Published: January 2025

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory posits that as people age and future time horizons shorten, they prioritize emotional meaning over exploration. As a result, they selectively narrow their social networks to focus on close and emotionally meaningful relationships. Thus, older adults may be more likely to express their feelings to close social partners and benefit more emotionally from sharing their feelings in close relationships as compared to more distant ones. In an experience sampling study collected at five randomly selected times per day for seven days, 180 participants (aged 18 to 93, M = 57.3) reported whether they talked to someone about their emotions, their relationship to that person (spouse/partner, family, friend, acquaintance, coworker, stranger), and whether they felt better after talking to that person. On average, participants felt better after talking to someone about their emotions regardless of their relationship with that person, although they felt significantly better when they shared with close social partners (spouse/partner, family, friend) as compared to peripheral social partners (acquaintances, coworkers, strangers). While age was not significantly associated with the likelihood of expressing feelings to another person, sharing feelings with a family member was associated with feeling significantly better among older participants as compared to younger ones. These findings indicate that sharing feelings with others, no matter their relationship, can benefit emotional well-being at all ages. However, close social relationships provide the most emotional benefit and familial ones appear to play an especially important role at relatively advanced ages.
THE PARADOX OF DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY: COMPARING THEORIES ON LONELINESS AND MOBILE PHONE DEPENDENCE
Authors: Andrews Hailey , Roque Nelson
Published: January 2025

In the Digital Age, smartphones and tablets are widespread, but their impact on well-being, particularly the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone dependence (nomophobia), remains debated. The direction of this relationship is unclear, with limited research across the lifespan. This study examines two theories: the Displacement Hypothesis, which suggests that nomophobia leads to loneliness, and the Theory of Compensatory Internet Use (CIUT), which proposes that loneliness drives nomophobia. Data were collected from 550 adults (Mage = 40.15, SD = 12.23, 54% female; 59% non-Hispanic White) via an online survey, delivered on Prolific. Linear regression models, adjusting for sociodemographics (age, gender), evaluated the relationship between measures of mobile phone dependence (Nomophobia Questionnaire) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). For the model with loneliness as an outcome, (N = 550), age (β = -0.10, p =.028) and nomophobia (β = 0.06, p =.003) were significant predictors. For the model with nomophobia as an outcome, (N = 550), age (β = -0.35, p <.001), gender (β = -6.40, p =.009), and loneliness (β = 0.28, p =.003) were significant predictors. Both directions showed a significant relationship, however, the model with loneliness as a predictor of nomophobia explained slightly more variance (4.6%) in the outcome (vs 2.5% for nomophobia predicting loneliness). Results suggest that reducing loneliness could help mitigate mobile phone dependence. Future longitudinal research could further clarify the relationship between loneliness and nomophobia, providing more evidence for either the CIUT or the Displacement Hypothesis.
THE POWER OF SHARED EXPERIENCE: VALIDATION AS A CATALYST FOR MEANING MAKING AMONG ADRD CAREGIVERS
Authors: Benson Jacquelyn , Haber Abigail , Washington Karla , Rolbiecki Abigail
Published: January 2025

Caregiver Speaks is a professionally facilitated online group intervention designed to support hospice family caregivers of patients with dementia by using photos as a tool for expressing and processing their caregiving experiences. The structured intervention enables ADRD caregivers to articulate their feelings, challenges, and experiences, with the primary goals of reducing caregiver distress, alleviating grief, and enhancing overall well-being. The intervention emphasizes helping ADRD caregivers find personal significance in their roles through photo-elicited communication, fostering meaningful emotional expression and reflection. The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate ADRD caregivers’ descriptions of their experiences in the Caregiver Speaks intervention to determine how their interactions in the group facilitated meaning making. Forty-one (41) exit interviews were analyzed using a constant comparative method involving an iterative process of deductive and inductive coding. Results indicated that caregivers’ interactions with others in the group primarily evoked a sense of solidarity, although some outliers—particularly those with strained relationships with their care recipients—reported feelings of alienation or disconnection. While direct dialogue between group members was infrequent, caregivers found reconciliation in their caregiving experiences and their care recipient’s illness by seeing their own experiences reflected in the photos and stories shared by others. The indirect validation provided by fellow participants was particularly impactful for many caregivers, who often lacked connections with other dementia caregivers. These findings underscore the critical roles of shared lived experience and validation in the meaning-making process.
THE ROLE OF APOEE4 IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRODUCTIVE AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES AND COGNITIVE HEALTH
Authors: Lee Yeonjung , Gonzales Ernest , Wu Yanyan , Braun Kathryn , Martin Peter , Willcox Bradley , Andel Ross
Published: January 2025

Cognitive health is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study fills a gap of knowledge by examining the role of the apolipoprotein E gene, APOEε4, within the context of how employment, civic engagement, and leisure activities relate to cognitive health. Using pooled data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaires (2010/2012: Time 1 and 2014/2016: Time 2) and the HRS data on APOEε4 alleles, linear regression models with a lagged dependent variable were performed to examine associations between productive and leisure activities with cognitive functioning at the follow-up time point, as well as the role of APOEε4 in these associations. Among all participants (n=7,605), employment, low or high-intensity volunteering, cognitive leisure activities, and social leisure activities were associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning. The presence of at least one ε4 allele was related to poorer cognitive functioning at Time 2. Among people without the APOEε4 allele (n=5,630), employment, high-intensity volunteering, cognitive/social leisure activities were significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Among people with at least one APOEε4 allele (n=1,975), low-intensity volunteering, and cognitive/physical leisure activities were significantly associated with better cognitive functioning. We found that employment, civic engagement, and leisure activities all contribute to cognitive health, although the benefits may be restricted to low-intensity volunteering and cognitive/physical leisure activities among individuals with at least one APOEε4 allele who are known to be inherently at a greater risk of cognitive problems, highlighting an avenue to a relatively easily-implementable strategy for cognitive health promotion.
TIME TO ENHANCE THE MESSAGE? KNOWLEDGE OF DEMENTIA RISK AND SYMPTOMS IN CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Germain Cassandra , Brown-Huges Travonia
Published: January 2025

It is well known that Black-American and Latino adults are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease compared to their White counterparts. Yet, misconceptions about AD persist in ethnic-minority communities. For example, a recent Alzheimer’s Association Report (2021) suggests that concern about developing Alzheimer’s is lower among Native Americans (25%), Blacks (35%) and Hispanics (41%), compared with Whites (48%) and more than half of non-White Americans believe significant loss of memory or cognitive abilities is a normal part of aging. The current data is part of an ongoing study designed to evaluate existing knowledge about dementia risk factors and the early warning signs of dementia in low-moderate income communities in Central North Carolina. A 17-item true/false questionnaire framed as a “Brain Health Trivia” quiz was used to assess knowledge. Participants had the choice of completing an electronic (cell phone or tablet) or paper version. The electronic version provided respondents with an immediate completion score as well as the correct answers to incorrect questions. To date (N=307) adults aged 18+ have completed the survey. Results show that community members are knowledgeable about many preventive factors such as the importance of diet and exercise, but are less knowledgeable about the impact of chronic disease on brain health. Nearly 45% of respondents surveyed were not aware that diabetes was a risk factor for dementia and 34.4% were not aware that hypertension was a risk factor. These results demonstrate the need for ongoing education and outreach efforts on brain health particularly in low-moderately resourced communities.
TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE USE OF KOREAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS: CULTURAL AND HEALTH NEEDS
Authors: Yi Grace , Jang Yuri , Martinez Leah
Published: January 2025

The Korean American population, primarily comprised of first-generation immigrants, is rapidly growing and aging. Literature underscores the significant challenges faced by KAs, largely due to limited English proficiency and cultural differences, which impact their accessibility to the healthcare system and, as a result, health disparity. This study examines the use of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM), such as acupuncture and traditional herbal medicines, as a culturally appropriate means to address health inequality. Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multisite survey conducted in 2017-2018 across five states (California, New York, Texas, Hawaii, and Florida), this study analyzed factors influencing TCAM use among Korean American older adults (KAOA) aged 60 and above (N=2,176) through logistic regression analysis using StataBE18. Over one-quarter (27.2%) of participants reported TCAM use. After controlling demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, education, financial status, and spirituality), significant predictors of TCAM use included acculturation factors, such as ethnic culture closeness (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.04, p<.05), the need for a translator in healthcare settings (OR=.69, p<.01), and residing in areas with a high density of Korean Americans (OR=1.40, p<.05). Also, health and mental health-related factors included cancer (OR=.53, p<.05), arthritis (OR=1.69, p<.001), needing help with daily activities (OR=1.10, p<.05), and experiencing a lack of interest in life (OR=1.72, p<.05). These findings highlight the significance of acculturation and health/mental health factors in determining TCAM use among KAOA and call for health policymakers and providers to adopt culturally competent approaches when working with ethnic minority older adults.
VIEWS ON AGING AND PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER TYPICALITY
Authors: Smith Kelly , Strough JoNell
Published: January 2025

Age and gender are outwardly visible personal characteristics upon which people make social judgments (Cuddy & Fiske, 2002). As such, these different characteristics may be associated with perceived discrimination. Here, we examined whether perceived discrimination varied depending on individuals’ views of their own aging (VoA) and their gender typicality when each was measured as a multidimensional construct. VoA was comprised of aging-related cognitions, self-perceptions of aging, and subjective age. Gender typicality was comprised of gender roles and expectations, gender self-concept, and gender social presentation. Participants (N = 616; 40-93 yrs., M = 53.43 yrs.; 56% women, 85% White) completed self-report measures collected online via Prolific. Interactions between VoA and gender typicality were assessed using an SEM framework in Mplus, and there were two significant interactions among components of VoA and gender typicality. First, perceptions of discrimination were greater for participants who reported less positive aging-related cognitions and highly-gender-typical gender roles and expectations. Second, perceptions of discrimination were greater for those with less positive self-perceptions of aging, and this was amplified for those with lower gender typicality (roles and expectations). Together, these findings suggest that high and low gender typicality in the form of conformity to gender roles and expectations are differentially associated with perceptions of discrimination depending on VoA. The importance of considering multiple personal characteristics to better understand perceptions of discrimination is discussed along with recommendations for future research that considers the intersection of VoA and other individual difference characteristics.
YOU MADE IT TO A BIG NUMBER”: PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER ADULTHOOD AMONG ADULTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: Linton Elizabeth , Gallo Joseph , Schrack Jennifer , Pecker Lydia , Lanzkron Sophie
Published: January 2025

This study categorizes how adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) define older adulthood and identifies topics important for future gerontology research. Individuals aged 18 and older were recruited from a pilot mixed-methods study in an outpatient SCD clinic, selected for representation across age, sex, genotype, and frailty (physically robust, prefrail, frail) according to the 5-item FRAIL scale. Interviews were analyzed using Lieblich et al’s interpretive categorical-content approach. Five thematic categories defining the onset of older adulthood emerged: (1) SCD’s cumulative impact, (2) Observed lifespan of others with SCD, (3) Social determinants of health and lifestyle, (4) Statistical life expectancy, and (5) Social roles and transitions. Proposed research to promote healthier aging were (1) studying SCD sequelae and age-related comorbidities, (2) developing new SCD treatments and cure, and (3) identifying non-opioid pain management. Population aging for people living with SCD presents novel opportunities to promote dignity across the lifespan. This study’s findings may inform the content of health communications to facilitate goal-concordant SCD care.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY EXPLORING TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE DISTANCE CAREGIVING CONTEXT
Authors: Budnick Andrea , Bünning Farina
Published: January 2025

As demographic change progresses, fewer and fewer relatives are available to provide care locally. Consequently, distance caregiving has increasingly attracted the attention of the gerontological research community. Technological support plays a role in enabling the distance caregiving arrangement. However, there is a paucity of research on this type of support in the distance caregiving context. Hence, this qualitative study explores actors’ experiences, perceptions, and attitudes in performing their roles within the distance caregiving arrangement by utilizing technological support. One-on-one guided interviews were conducted face-to-face with distance caregivers (N=20; mean age=51.8 years), care recipients (N=20; mean age=82.4 years), and representatives of the supportive local network (N=18; mean age=55.4 years). Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. Our findings show that distance caregivers successfully implement various forms of communication technology to keep the care arrangement running by using devices like landline phone, smartphone, and/or e-mail. In everyday life, aids such as dementia clocks, smart home applications for automated door and/or window control, or smart speakers are used. Around-the-clock video surveillance of care recipients is used in only two distance caregiving arrangements. Potentials and risks of technological support are viewed by all actors and include maintaining independence or social participation, but concerns are also expressed regarding the triggering of false alarms, possible misuse, or data protection. Fear of technology or lack of tech literacy prevent actors from using technological support. Triangulated findings imply that improved tech literacy could create more reliability and simplify distance caregiving for all actors involved.
A SCOPING REVIEW OF OBESITY INTERVENTIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES AMONG OLDER RURAL ADULTS
Authors: Karakida Maki , Avila Jaqueline
Published: January 2025

Rural communities are known for their limited access to care, transportation, and healthy foods, which can increase obesity risks. Obesity among older adults is associated with mobility impairment, falls, diabetes, hypertension, and can further deteriorate the health of older rural residents. This scoping review assessed studies targeting obesity/overweight among rural adults aged 50+ to: 1) analyze the prevalence of obesity and the highest risk groups in epidemiological studies, and 2) assess the efficacy of clinical/community interventions to reduce obesity/overweight in this population. CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to June 27, 2024. Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Selected studies were then divided into: community interventions (n= 3), remote interventions (n= 3), hybrid intervention (n= 1), and cross-sectional epidemiological studies in the US (n= 3) and abroad (n= 5). Epidemiological studies consistently showed that the prevalence of obesity/overweight was higher among older women than men. While one US study found significant associations between lower educational attainment and higher obesity rates, one non-US study reported no associations between obesity and educational levels. Community interventions included nutrition and exercise sessions. One randomized-controlled intervention significantly reduced participant’s weight compared to those who did not receive face-to-face counselling. Remote/hybrid interventions, including telehealth and video conferencing, were cost- and time-effective, but only three of them successfully lowered participants’ weight and/or improved physical functions. Further interventions need to focus on the prevention and control of obesity among high-risk groups, such as women and people with lower educational attainment.
“A NEVER-ENDING CYCLE”: ANXIETY AND SLEEP AS PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF FREEZING OF GAIT
Authors: Ghose Sarah , Dautovich Natalie , Williams Claire , Luehrsen Samantha , Karlsen John , Blackwell GinaMari , Cloud Leslie , Pretzer-Aboff Ingrid
Published: January 2025

More than 50% of people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer from Freezing of gait (FoG). This debilitating symptom is characterized by an intermittent inability to initiate voluntary forward movement. Much research has focused on biological mechanisms underlying FoG, but less on psychosocial correlates. This study used a mixed-method design to elucidate associations between sleep, anxiety, and FoG. Participants were engaged in a more extensive NIH-funded parent study protocol. Thirteen people with PD (76.9% male; M age = 69 years old, SD = 6.73 years) participated. Sleep measures using actigraphy were collected one week before the parent study started. Measures of anxiety and FoG were collected pre- and post-walking through a FoG-triggering protocol. On average, participants self-reported higher State Anxiety scores at baseline and lower anxiety scores post-task. Contrarily, salivary alpha-amylase levels measuring anxiety increased steadily from baseline to post-task. Additionally, on average, participants’ self-reported (sleep diaries) better sleep across indices when compared with actigraphic measurement. Qualitatively, participants reported noticing strong associations between anxiety, sleep, and worsened FoG outcomes. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with worsened FoG. Poor sleep was associated with worsened next-day functioning and FoG. A few participants reported noticing no association between their sleep and FoG. Findings highlight the importance of anxiety and sleep for FoG outcomes, supporting prior research suggesting that higher anxiety and worse sleep may exacerbate FoG. These results suggest a need and utility for (1) further investigation and (2) the assessment and treatment of anxiety and sleep concerns beginning at PD diagnosis.