bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric proptosis in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Rana Khizar , Garg Devanshu , Yong Lee Shien S. , Leyden James , Patel Sandy , Slattery James , Davis Garry , Chan Weng Onn , Selva Dinesh
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) can present with asymmetric disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymmetric TED in an Australian cohort and investigate clinical, biochemical, and radiological associations of asymmetric TED.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients with TED who underwent Hertel exophthalmometry and orbital computed tomography (CT) scans. Asymmetry was defined as a difference in the globe protrusion of ≥ 3 mm using Hertel exophthalmometry. Data was collected on patient demographics, clinical disease presentation, thyroid function tests and antibody levels. Muscles volumes were determined by manually segmenting the extraocular muscles on CT scans using a commercially available software.

Results

172 orbits from 86 patients were included in the study. 28 (33%) patients had asymmetric TED. No significant differences were observed in age, gender, thyroid hormone status, anti-thyroid peroxidase levels, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies, disease activity status, or dysthyroid optic neuropathy between the asymmetric and non-asymmetric groups. The extraocular muscle volumes were significantly higher in the asymmetric orbit compared to its contralateral orbit.

Conclusion

Asymmetric TED is a reasonably common occurrence in the course of TED. It is associated with higher extraocular muscle volumes, suggesting muscle enlargement as one of the underlying contributors to asymmetric proptosis. Thyroid eye disease should be considered in the differential of asymmetric orbital inflammatory disease.
Curvature Scale Space LiDAR Odometry And Mapping (LOAM)
Authors: Gonzalez Clayder , Adams Martin
Published: April 2024

The LiDAR Odometry and Mapping (LOAM) algorithm ranks in second place in the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI), Visual Odometry/SLAM Evaluations. It utilizes a feature extraction algorithm based on the evaluation of the curvature of points under test, to produce estimated smooth and non-smooth regions within typically laser based Point Cloud Data (PCD). This feature extractor (FE) however, does not take into account PCD spatial or detection uncertainty, which can result in the divergence of the LOAM algorithm. Therefore, this article proposes the use of the Curvature Scale Space (CSS) algorithm as a replacement for LOAM’s current feature extractor. It justifies the substitution, based on the CSS algorithm’s similar computational complexity but improved feature detection repeatability. LOAM’s current feature extractor and the proposed CSS feature extractor are tested and compared with simulated and real data, including the KITTI odometry-laser data set. Additionally, a recent deep learning based LiDAR Odometry (LO) algorithm, the Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE)-LO algorithm, will also be compared, using this data set, in terms of its computational speed and performance. Performance comparisons are made based on the Absolute Trajectory Error (ATE) and Cardinalized Optimal Linear Assignment (COLA) metrics. Based on these metrics, the comparisons show significant improvements of the LOAM algorithm with the CSS feature extractor compared with the benchmark versions.
Changes in Personality Functioning and Pathological Personality Traits as a Function of Treatment: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kiel Lennart , Hopwood Christopher J. , Lind Majse
Published: April 2024

With the dimensional shift, personality pathology is now commonly conceptualized using a combination of personality functioning and (pathological) personality traits. Personality functioning has been deemed more sensitive to treatment than the specific trait combination of personality problems. To empirically examine just that, the goal of this pilot study was to simultaneously compare changes in personality functioning (LPFS-BF 2.0), pathological traits (PID-5-BF), and normal-range traits (BFI-2) among individuals receiving integrative, dynamic-relational psychotherapy (baseline n = 52, follow-up n = 31) and a matched control group (n = 31). The results showed that clients had stronger changes in personality functioning than in traits when compared to the control group. In addition, clients lower on personality functioning were more inclined to drop-out of therapy. This study points to the unique clinical utility of personality functioning and provides a foundation for future research focusing on the sensitivity of personality functioning and personality traits to changes within the context of psychotherapy.
A 2-dimensional modelling of the coating process of nickel on polyurethane foam via electrodeposition
Authors: Ghiasi N. , Kunz F. , Jung A. , Diebels S.
Published: April 2024

A numerical model is proposed to investigate the electrodeposition coating process of open-porous polyurethane (PU) foams with nickel. The modelling approach is based on the mixture theory, which accounts for the multi-phase nature of the system comprising the porous foam structure and the electrolyte which consists of the deposition material in form of cations. The model takes into consideration various physical and electrochemical phenomena, including different ionic transport mechanisms, i.e. diffusion, convection and migration. By solving the governing equations numerically, the coating process and the relevant variables are predicted over time. The simulation results are compared with experimental data to assess the agreement between the model and the experimental results. The findings reveal that the numerical model provides valuable insights into the electrodeposition process and facilitates a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and it can be used for optimizing the coating process parameters.
The reactivity of CeO2 towards MoO3 in air atmosphere – reinvestigation
Authors: Bosacka Monika , Filipek Elżbieta , Ambroziak Barbara , Blonska-Tabero Anna
Published: April 2024

It is known that both the type and possibilities of application of cerium molybdates(VI) largely depend on the methods of their synthesis. Despite this, information on the type of molybdates(VI) formed as a result of a waste-free and environmentally friendly reaction occurring in the solid state between CeO2 and MoO3 in the air atmosphere, are divergent. The conducted research indicates that CeO2 and MoO3 react in air and in the temperature range of 500–650 °C to form two compounds, i.e. Ce5Mo8O32 and/or Ce2Mo4O15. Only the Ce5Mo8O32 compound, for the first time, was obtained as a pure phase. The synthesis of Ce5Mo8O32 takes place through an intermediate stage. In this stage, with the evolution of oxygen, the compound Ce2Mo4O15 is formed, which then reacts with excess CeO2 to Ce5Mo8O32. The obtained compound was characterized by XRD, DTA–TG, FTIR and UV–Vis/DRS methods. Ce5Mo8O32 has a green-olive colour and a density of 4.82 ± 0.05 g cm−3. It was found that this compound melts incongruently at the temperature of 960 ± 5 °C with the separation of solid CeO2. The value of the energy gap Eg ~ 2.59 eV allows the Ce5Mo8O32 compound to be classified as a semiconductor. The previously unknown properties of the compound with mixed cerium valence (Ce
4
3+
Ce4+Mo
8
6+
O32), characterized in this work, will constitute the basis for its application research.
Unraveling the interplay between demography and landscape features in shaping connectivity and diversity: Insights from the leopard cat on a subtropical island
Authors: Sun Pei-Wei , Hsiao Chen , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Lin Yu-Hsiu , Chen Mei-Ting , Chiang Po-Jen , Wang Ling , Lu Dau-Jye , Liao Pei-Chun , Ju Yu-Ten
Published: April 2024

Context

Elucidating how demography and contemporary landscape features regulate functional connectivity is crucial to implementing effective conservation strategies. We assessed the impacts of landscape features on the genetic variation of a locally endangered carnivore, the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Taiwan.

Objectives

We aim to evaluate the association between genetic structure and landscape features. We further predicted the changes in genetic diversity and suitable habitats in the future.

Methods

We genotyped 184 leopard cats in western Taiwan using 12 nuclear microsatellites and a mitochondrial marker. We applied a landscape optimization procedure with two genetic distances to identify major genetic barriers and employed ecological niche modeling to predict the future distribution of the leopard cat.

Results

Bayesian demographic inferences revealed a dramatic population decline for all leopard cat populations in Taiwan. Genetic clustering and resistance surface modeling supported that the population connectivity was influenced by highways and high elevation. Niche modeling indicated low temperature was one of the primary factors limiting the occurrence of leopard cats that may inhibit their movement in high elevations. We predicted the suitable habitats of leopard cats would shrink northward and towards higher altitudes with rugged topography in response to global warming.

Conclusions

Our study provided genetic evidence that leopard cats in Taiwan had undergone a dramatic population decline that may be associated with anthropogenic impacts. We also inferred the anthropogenic linear feature compromised the connectivity and persistence of leopard cats in human-mediated landscapes. Our finding serves as a model for landscape genetic studies of island carnivores in subtropical regions.
Seasonal bee communities vary in their responses to resources at local and landscape scales: implication for land managers
Authors: Kammerer Melanie , Iverson Aaron L. , Li Kevin , Tooker John F. , Grozinger Christina M.
Published: April 2024

Context

There is great interest in land management practices for pollinators; however, a quantitative comparison of landscape and local effects on bee communities is necessary to determine if adding small habitat patches can increase bee abundance or species richness. The value of increasing floral abundance at a site is undoubtedly influenced by the phenology and magnitude of floral resources in the landscape, but due to the complexity of measuring landscape-scale resources, these factors have been understudied.

Objectives

To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the relative importance of local versus landscape scale resources for bee communities, identified the most important metrics of local and landscape quality, and evaluated how these relationships vary with season.

Methods

We studied season-specific relationships between local and landscape quality and wild-bee communities at 33 sites in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. We paired site surveys of wild bees, plants, and soil characteristics with a multi-dimensional assessment of landscape composition, configuration, insecticide toxic load, and a spatio-temporal evaluation of floral resources at local and landscape scales.

Results

We found that the most relevant spatial scale and landscape factor varied by season. Early-season bee communities responded primarily to landscape resources, including the presence of flowering trees and wetland habitats. In contrast, mid to late-season bee communities were more influenced by local conditions, though bee diversity was negatively impacted when sites were embedded in highly agricultural landscapes. Soil composition had complex impacts on bee communities, and likely reflects effects on plant community flowering.

Conclusions

Early-season bees can be supported by adding flowering trees and wetlands, while mid to late-season bees can be supported by local addition of summer and fall flowering plants. Sites embedded in landscapes with a greater proportion of natural areas will host a greater bee species diversity.
Universal shape replication via self-assembly with signal-passing tiles
Authors: Alseth Andrew , Hader Daniel , Patitz Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate shape-assembling power of a tile-based model of self-assembly called the Signal-Passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM). In this model, the glues that bind tiles together can be turned on and off by the binding actions of other glues via “signals”. Specifically, the problem we investigate is “shape replication” wherein, given a set of input assemblies of arbitrary shape, a system must construct an arbitrary number of assemblies with the same shapes and, with the exception of size-bounded junk assemblies that result from the process, no others. We provide the first fully universal shape replication result, namely a single tile set capable of performing shape replication on arbitrary sets of any 3-dimensional shapes without requiring any scaling or pre-encoded information in the input assemblies. Our result requires the input assemblies to be composed of signal-passing tiles whose glues can be deactivated to allow deconstruction of those assemblies, which we also prove is necessary by showing that there are shapes whose geometry cannot be replicated without deconstruction. Additionally, we modularize our construction to create systems capable of creating binary encodings of arbitrary shapes, and building arbitrary shapes from their encodings. Because the STAM is capable of universal computation, this then allows for arbitrary programs to be run within an STAM system, using the shape encodings as input, so that any computable transformation can be performed on the shapes. This is the full version, containing all construction and proof details, of a previously published extended abstract version that had most details omitted.
The self-reinforcing nature of joint action
Authors: Alonso Facundo M.
Published: April 2024

Shared intention normally leads to joint action. It does this, it is commonly said, only because it is a characteristically stable phenomenon, a phenomenon that tends to persist from the time it is formed until the time it is fulfilled. However, the issue of what the stability of shared intention comes down to remains largely undertheorized. My aim in this paper is to remedy this shortcoming. I argue that shared intention is a source of moral and epistemic reasons, that responsiveness to such reasons on the part of each individual reinforces her own relevant attitudes, and that this enhances the stability of the shared intention as a whole. We thus discover an important self-reinforcing and stability-enhancing mechanism at the heart of shared intention and action. It follows from this proposal that the psychological commitment that an individual exhibits in joint action is normally a function not only of her own participatory intention, as often maintained, but also of her endorsement of the reasons created by her group’s shared intention to so act.
Monoterpene indole alkaloids with anticancer activity from Tabernaemontana species
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno M. F. , Duarte Noélia , Ramalhete Cátia , Barbosa Filipa , Madureira Ana Margarida , Ferreira Maria-José U.
Published: April 2024

Indole alkaloids, predominantly found in plants, are a large group of natural product-derived compounds characterized by a remarkable chemical diversity associated with significant biological properties. Among these, terpenoid indole alkaloids are the largest group of secondary metabolites. Tabernaemontana species (Apocynaceae) are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including tumours. These species biosynthesize large quantities of structurally complex monoterpene indole and bisindole alkaloids. Given the compelling biological properties of indole alkaloids, the phytochemical study of Tabernaemontana species has been widely addressed to identify potential anticancer compounds. Several indole alkaloids have shown antiproliferative effect due to different mechanisms, namely by inducing apoptosis or arresting cell cycle, in diverse cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant phenotypes. This review primarily aims to underscore the anticancer activity of indole and bisindole alkaloids isolated from several Tabernaemontana species. Moreover, our recent contributions to the field are also highlighted, focusing on the study of Tabernaemontana elegans. The anticancer evaluation, namely the reversion of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance, of two sets of monoterpene indole alkaloid derivatives, obtained by modification of some functional groups of two major monoterpene indole alkaloids, is reviewed, as well as the results obtained for a derivative that targeted homologous recombination DNA repair defects.
The antibacterial potential and effects of Rhodiola sp. on gut microbiota
Authors: Klančnik Anja , Kunčič Ajda , Smole Možina Sonja , Bucar Franz
Published: April 2024

The challenge of antimicrobial resistance requires new solutions, and Rhodiola sp. is a promising candidate due to its rich medicinal history. This review focuses on Rhodiola sp., especially R. rosea, highlighting its phytochemical constituents, such as salidroside, rosavins, and other phenolics, and their antimicrobial potential. We investigate the efficacy of Rhodiola sp. against various pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their value in combating antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, Rhodiola compounds are being investigated both as direct antimicrobials and as resistance modifiers that increase the efficacy of antibiotics. Rhodiola extracts and salidroside modulate gut microbiota, thereby affecting health and physiological and metabolic disorders. This illustrates the comprehensive therapeutic potential of Rhodiola sp. We emphasize the importance of understanding the complex interactions between Rhodiola phytochemicals, their antimicrobial effects, and their effects on gut microbiota as well as the need for in-depth research. Further studies will be crucial for the development of holistic treatment approaches. Finally, Rhodiola sp. is highlighted as an important natural resource in the fight against microbial pathogens and antibiotic resistance. Research on Rhodiola sp. should continue to further unravel pharmacological and health-promoting potential and thus address an important public health challenge.
Metrics in biodiversity conservation and the value-free ideal
Authors: Bocchi Federica
Published: April 2024

This paper examines one aspect of the legacy of the Value-Free Ideal in conservation science: the view that measurements and metrics are value-free epistemic tools detached from ideological, ethical, social, and, generally, non-epistemic considerations. Contrary to this view, I will argue that traditional measurement practices entrenched in conservation are in fact permeated with non-epistemic values. I challenge the received view by revealing three non-epistemic assumptions underlying traditional metrics: (1) a human-environment demarcation, (2) the desirability of a people-free landscape, and (3) the exclusion of cultural diversity from biodiversity. I also draw a connection between arguments for retaining traditional metrics to “scientific colonialism,” exemplified by a fortress conservation model. I conclude by advocating for abandoning the myth of the intrinsic value-freedom of measurement practices and embracing metrics aligned with societal and scientific goals.
Comprehensive evaluation of genetic and acquired thrombophilia markers for an individualized prediction of clinical thrombosis in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma
Authors: Sánchez Prieto Irene , Gutiérrez Jomarrón Isabel , Martínez Vázquez Celia , Rodríguez Barquero Pedro , Gili Herreros Paula , García-Suárez Julio
Published: April 2024

Patients diagnosed with lymphoma or multiple myeloma are at elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Optimum risk stratification and effective thromboprophylaxis can only be achieved through the development of a multiple-specific risk score that successfully captures all aspects of the heterogeneous prothrombotic environment existing in these patients. Our aim was to identify risk factors for thrombosis and suggest an improved tool combining clinical data, thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers and genetic (Thrombo inCode® test) variables for predicting thrombotic risk in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on newly-diagnosed lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients who presented at our institution between February 2020 and January 2021. The study included 47 patients with lymphoma and 16 patients with multiple myeloma. We performed a follow-up of 1 year or until September 2021. The incidence of venous thrombosis and associated risk factors were analysed, including the genetic Thrombo inCode® test. Khorana and ThroLy scores for lymphoma patients and IMPEDE VTE score for myeloma patients were calculated. At a median follow-up of 9.1 months, VTE incidence was 9.5% (6/63), with 4 and 2 patients with lymphoma and myeloma who developed the events, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of thrombosis was significantly higher in patients with ECOG ≥ 2 and prior immobility. Median factor VIII levels were significantly higher in patients with thrombosis (with increased values in all of them). Moreover, there was a trend in genetic variant rs5985 (factor XIII) as a protective factor, and a trend to higher thrombotic risk in patients with factor V Leiden, rs2232698 variant (serpinA10), low total protein S activity, elevated D-dimer, aggressive lymphoma and treatment with dexamethasone. The results of our study demonstrate promise for the potential use of widely accessible markers to increase precision in risk prediction for VTE in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma, particularly ECOG ≥ 2, immobility and higher factor VIII levels, as well as lymphoma aggressiveness, treatment with dexamethasone and the haemostatic biomarkers D-dimer and total protein S activity. Additionally, genetic variants factor V Leiden, serpinA10 rs2232698 and factor XIII-A Val34Leu warrant further investigation for use in the research setting.

Graphical Abstract
Multimorbidity disease clusters are associated with venous thromboembolism: an extended cross-sectional national study
Authors: Ahrén Jonatan , Pirouzifard MirNabi , Holmquist Björn , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Zöller Bengt
Published: April 2024

Multimorbidity, i.e., two or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is an escalating challenge for society. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cardiovascular disease and it is unknown which multimorbidity clusters associates with VTE. Our aim was to examine the association between different common disease clusters of multimorbidity and VTE. The study is an extended (1997–2015) cross-sectional Swedish study using the National Patient Register and the Multigeneration Register. A total of 2,694,442 Swedish-born individuals were included in the study. Multimorbidity was defined by 45 NCDs. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified multimorbidity disease clusters. Odds ratios (OR) for VTE were calculated for the different multimorbidity disease clusters. There were 16% (n = 440,742) of multimorbid individuals in the study population. Forty-four of the individual 45 NCDs were associated with VTE. The PCA analysis identified nine multimorbidity disease clusters, F1-F9. Seven of these multimorbidity clusters were associated with VTE. The adjusted OR for VTE in the multimorbid patients was for the first three clusters: F1 (cardiometabolic diseases) 3.44 (95%CI 3.24–3.65), F2 (mental disorders) 2.25 (95%CI 2.14–2.37) and F3 (digestive system diseases) 4.35 (95%CI 3.63–5.22). There was an association between multimorbidity severity and OR for VTE. For instance, the occurrence of at least five diseases was in F1 and F2 associated with ORs for VTE: 8.17 (95%CI 6.32–10.55) and 6.31 (95%CI 4.34–9.17), respectively. In this nationwide study we have shown a strong association between VTE and different multimorbidity disease clusters that might be useful for VTE prediction.

Graphical abstract
Urban biodiversity and design in time of (post)pandemics: research perspectives from URBIO international network
Authors: Dushkova Diana , Ignatieva Maria , Konstantinova Anastasia , Nilon Charles , Müller Norbert
Published: April 2024

Reflecting on the insights from research development within Urban Biodiversity and Design Network (URBIO), this paper attempts to link the consequences of current global changes (ongoing urbanization, biodiversity loss, land-use changes, globalization, etc.) to the emergence and outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyses the main outcomes of the URBIO webinar (December 2021) and the URBIO conference (November 2022) and the results of the questionnaire survey among the URBIO experts on the impact of COVID-19 on the biodiversity, design and society in their local contexts as well as on the ongoing and future URBIO research directions. The survey also enabled to explore and assess a wide diversity of human-nature interactions as well as the novel actions and adaptation strategies established to have positive outcomes for both humans and nature. The results revealed the following aspects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: silence, social distancing, isolation, conflict ideologies, and declined recreational and other human activities. Experts noticed the increase of urban green space visitation and interest in nature. The majority of the experts confirmed the impact (both positive and negative) of the COVID-19 on biodiversity and environment. General positive aspects refer to the value/significance of nature and biodiversity/wildlife and especially the contact with nature (“time outdoor”, “time spent with family”, “inspiration from nature” and “enjoying nature”). The positive consequence of the COVID-19 measures was also the improvement of wildlife habitats and the increase of spontaneous flora as well as fauna species. Experts confirmed the lower/decreased level of pollution, noise, traffic, light, anthropogenic pressure/impact, number of tourists, vehicles as well as less garbage. The analysis of leading research themes among the URBIO conference participants confirmed that the biggest number of presenters and participants were on the topic of biodiversity integration in urban planning, green infrastructure, and landscape design projects. Another popular theme was ecological restoration and urban wildlife and plant biodiversity. One particular research direction that emerged recently and clearly pronounced at URBIO 2022 was urban biodiversity in times of climate change and post-pandemics.
Occurrence of parasites in waters used for crops irrigation and vegetables from the Savannah of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Santos Daniel Eduardo Ospina , Zapata Yulieth Alexandra Upegui , Buitrago Catherine Aguilar , Herrera Geraldine Sánchez , Becoche Libia Eunise Chandillo , Páez Myriam Consuelo López , López Martha Cristina Bustos , Pineda Carolina Ortiz
Published: April 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established as a criterion of parasitological quality for irrigation water, ≤ 1 helminth egg/liter, which guarantees the safety in agricultural products. In this study, the presence of parasites in surface water used for irrigation of crops (n = 96) and vegetables (celery and lettuce) (n = 120), from the Former La Ramada irrigation district, was evaluated using conventional and molecular parasitological methods. Our findings showed contamination of irrigation systems in the study area with domestic wastewater, demonstrated by the presence of Ancylostomatidae eggs,Ascarisspp.,Hymenolepisspp.,Trichurisspp.,Capillariaspp.,Giardiaspp. cysts, and oocysts ofToxoplasma gondiiandCryptosporidiumspp. A prevalence of 33% and 23.3% was calculated for helminths and protozoa, respectively in vegetables, representing a possible risk to human and animal health in relation to these parasites. These findings show the need for continuous monitoring of the water quality used for crop irrigation, as well as the safety of food, taking into account the values established in national and international regulations.
Optimization of methyl orange decolorization by bismuth(0)-doped hydroxyapatite/reduced graphene oxide composite using RSM-CCD
Authors: Ecer Umit , Yilmaz Sakir , Ulas Berdan , Koc Serap
Published: April 2024

In the current study, the catalyst for the decolorization of methyl orange (MO) was developed HAp-rGO by the aqueous precipitation approach. Then, bismuth(0) nanoparticles (Bi NPs), which expect to show high activity, were reduced on the surface of the support material (HAp-rGO). The obtained catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The parameters that remarkably affect the decolorization process (such as time, initial dye concentration, NaBH4 amount, and catalyst amount) have been examined by response surface methodology (RSM), an optimization method that has acquired increasing significance in recent years. In the decolorization of MO, the optimum conditions were identified as 2.91 min, Co: 18.85 mg/L, NaBH4 amount: 18.35 mM, and Bi/HAp-rGO dosage: 2.12 mg/mL with MO decolorization efficiency of 99.60%. The decolorization process of MO with Bi/HAp-rGO was examined in detail kinetically and thermodynamically. Additionally, the possible decolorization mechanism was clarified. The present work provides a new insight into the use of the optimization process for both the effective usage of Bi/HAp-rGO and the catalytic reduction of dyes.
Development of a universal cutting guide for raising deep circumflex iliac artery flaps
Authors: Peters Florian , Raith Stefan , Bock Anna , Kniha Kristian , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Heitzer Marius , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The deep circumflex iliac crest flap (DCIA) is used for the reconstruction of the jaw. For fitting of the transplant by computer-aided planning (CAD), a computerized tomography (CT) of the jaw and the pelvis is necessary. Ready-made cutting guides save a pelvic CT and healthcare resources while maintaining the advantages of the CAD planning.

Methods

A total of 2000 CTs of the pelvis were divided into groups of 500 by sex and age (≤ 45 and > 45 years). Three-dimensional (3D) pelvis models were aligned and averaged. Cutting guides were designed on the averaged pelvis for each group and an overall averaged pelvis. The cutting guides and 50 randomly selected iliac crests (10 from each group and 10 from the whole collective) were 3D printed. The appropriate cutting guide was mounted to the iliac crest and a cone beam CT was performed. The thickness of the space between the iliac crest and the cutting guide was evaluated.

Results

Overall the mean thickness of the space was 2.137 mm and the mean volume of the space was 4513 mm3. The measured values were significantly different between the different groups. The overall averaged group had not the greatest volume, maximum thickness and mean thickness of the space.

Conclusion

Ready-made cutting guides for the DCIA flap fit to the iliac crest and make quick and accurate flap raising possible while radiation dose and resources can be saved. The cutting guides fit sufficient to the iliac crest and should keep the advantages of a standard CAD planning.
One model to use them all: training a segmentation model with complementary datasets
Authors: Jenke Alexander C. , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Kolbinger Fiona R. , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Speidel Stefanie
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Understanding surgical scenes is crucial for computer-assisted surgery systems to provide intelligent assistance functionality. One way of achieving this is via scene segmentation using machine learning (ML). However, such ML models require large amounts of annotated training data, containing examples of all relevant object classes, which are rarely available. In this work, we propose a method to combine multiple partially annotated datasets, providing complementary annotations, into one model, enabling better scene segmentation and the use of multiple readily available datasets.

Methods

Our method aims to combine available data with complementary labels by leveraging mutual exclusive properties to maximize information. Specifically, we propose to use positive annotations of other classes as negative samples and to exclude background pixels of these binary annotations, as we cannot tell if a positive prediction by the model is correct.

Results

We evaluate our method by training a DeepLabV3 model on the publicly available Dresden Surgical Anatomy Dataset, which provides multiple subsets of binary segmented anatomical structures. Our approach successfully combines 6 classes into one model, significantly increasing the overall Dice Score by 4.4% compared to an ensemble of models trained on the classes individually. By including information on multiple classes, we were able to reduce the confusion between classes, e.g. a 24% drop for stomach and colon.

Conclusion

By leveraging multiple datasets and applying mutual exclusion constraints, we developed a method that improves surgical scene segmentation performance without the need for fully annotated datasets. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of training a model on multiple complementary datasets. This paves the way for future work further alleviating the need for one specialized large, fully segmented dataset but instead the use of already existing datasets.
Site and duration of abdominal pain discriminate symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease from previous diverticulitis patients
Authors: Carabotti Marilia , Marasco Giovanni , Sbarigia Caterina , Cuomo Rosario , Barbara Giovanni , Pace Fabio , Sarnelli Giovanni , Annibale Bruno ,   at behalf of REMAD group, Andrealli Alida , Ardizzone Sandro , Astegiano Marco , Bachetti Francesco , Bartolozzi Simona , Bargiggia Stefano , Bassotti Gabrio , Bianco Maria Antonia , Biscaglia Giuseppe , Bosani Matteo , Bottiglieri Maria Erminia , Cargiolli Martina , Ciacci Carolina , Colecchia Antonio , Di Ciaula Agostino , Dell’Era Alessandra , De Matthaeis Marina , Di Ruscio Mirko , Dinelli Marco , Festa Virginia , Galliani Ermenegildo , Germanà Bastianello , Grassini Mario , Guido Ennio , Iafrate Franco , Iovino Paola , Iuliano Donato , Laghi Andrea , Latella Giovanni , Manes Gianpiero , Marabotto Elisa , Moscatelli Alessandro , Nascimbeni Riccardo , Occhipinti Pietro , Parravicini Marco , Pennazio Marco , Peralta Sergio , Portincasa Piero , Radaelli Franco , Reati Raffaella , Redaelli Alessandro , Rossi Marco , Salerno Raffale , Segato Sergio , Severi Carola , Scaccianoce Giuseppe , Valle Valentina , Virgilio Clara , Viscido Angelo
Published: April 2024

Abdominal pain in patients with diverticular disease (DD) can be challenging in clinical practice. Patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and patients with a previous acute diverticulitis (PD) may share a similar clinical pattern, difficult to differentiate from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We used standardized questionnaires for DD (short and long lasting abdominal pain) and IBS (following Rome III Criteria) to assess clinical features of abdominal pain, in terms of presence, severity and length, in SUDD and PD patients. One hundred and forty-eight SUDD and 118 PD patients completed all questionnaires. Short-lasting pain was more frequent in SUDD than PD patients (p = 0.007). Number of long-lasting pain episodes was higher in SUDD (6.6 ± 11.9) compared to PD patients (3.4 ± 6.9) (p < 0.001). PD patients reported long-lasting pain more frequently in the lower left abdomen (p < 0.001), while in SUDD it was more frequently diffuse (p = 0.002) or localized in the lower right quadrant (p = 0.009). Features associated with long-lasting pain (fever, confinement to bed, consultations, antibiotic therapy, hospitalization) were more often reported in PD patients. IBS criteria were reported in 28.2% of patients and were more frequent in SUDD than PD patients (37.2% vs 17.1%, p < 0.001). SUDD and PD patients presented different pattern of abdominal pain (length, number of long lasting episodes, site and associated features), with a third reporting overlap with IBS. Further observational studies are needed to better characterize abdominal symptoms in DD patients, especially in those not fulfilling IBS criteria.

Trial registration: The REMAD Registry is registered as an observational study in ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT03325829).
Sparse reconstruction in spin systems. I: iid spins
Authors: Galicza Pál , Pete Gábor
Published: April 2024

For a sequence of Boolean functions $${f_n}:{\{ - 1,1\} ^{{V_n}}} \to \{ - 1,1\} $$

f
n

:

{
−
1
,
1

}

V
n

→
{
−
1
,
1
}
, defined on increasing configuration spaces of random inputs, we say that there is sparse reconstruction if there is a sequence of subsets Un ⊆ Vn of the coordinates satisfying ∣Un∣ = o(∣Vn∣) such that knowing the coordinates in Un gives us a non-vanishing amount of information about the value of fn.

We first show that, if the underlying measure is a product measure, then no sparse reconstruction is possible for any sequence of transitive functions. We discuss the question in different frameworks, measuring information content in L2 and with entropy. We also highlight some interesting connections with cooperative game theory. Beyond transitive functions, we show that the left-right crossing event for critical planar percolation on the square lattice does not admit sparse reconstruction either. Some of these results answer questions posed by Itai Benjamini.
Distributivity and minimality in perfect tree forcings for singular cardinals
Authors: Levine Maxwell , Mildenberger Heike
Published: April 2024

Dobrinen, Hathaway and Prikry studied a forcing ℙκ consisting of perfect trees of height λ and width κ where κ is a singular λ-strong limit of cofinality λ. They showed that if κ is singular of countable cofinality, then ℙκ is minimal for ω-sequences assuming that κ is a supremum of a sequence of measurable cardinals. We obtain this result without the measurability assumption.

Prikry proved that ℙκ is (ω, ν)-distributive for all ν < κ given a singular ω-strong limit cardinal κ of countable cofinality, and Dobrinen et al. asked whether this result generalizes if κ has uncountable cofinality. We answer their question in the negative by showing that ℙκ is not (λ, 2)-distributive if κ is a λ-strong limit of uncountable cofinality λ and we obtain the same result for a range of similar forcings, including one that Dobrinen et al. consider that consists of pre-perfect trees. We also show that ℙκ in particular is not (ω, ·, λ+)-distributive under these assumptions.

While developing these ideas, we address natural questions regarding minimality and collapses of cardinals.
Precision Cardio-oncology: Update on Omics-Based Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Kuang Ziyu , Kong Miao , Yan Ningzhe , Ma Xinyi , Wu Min , Li Jie
Published: April 2024

Opinion statement

Cardio-oncology is an emerging interdisciplinary field dedicated to the early detection and treatment of adverse cardiovascular events associated with anticancer treatment, and current clinical management of anticancer-treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) remains limited by a lack of detailed phenotypic data. However, the promise of diagnosing CTR-CVT using deep phenotyping has emerged with the development of precision medicine, particularly the use of omics-based methodologies to discover sensitive biomarkers of the disease. In the future, combining information produced by a variety of omics methodologies could expand the clinical practice of cardio-oncology. In this review, we demonstrate how omics approaches can improve our comprehension of CTR-CVT deep phenotyping, discuss the positive and negative aspects of available omics approaches for CTR-CVT diagnosis, and outline how to integrate multiple sets of omics data into individualized monitoring and treatment. This will offer a reliable technical route for lowering cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors.
Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride Starting at Gestation Alters Liver Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Induces Early Onset of Liver Fibrosis in Male Mouse Offspring
Authors: González-Alfonso Wendy L. , Petrosyan Pavel , Del Razo Luz M. , Sánchez-Peña Luz C. , Tapia-Rodríguez Miguel , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando , Gonsebatt María E.
Published: April 2024

The presence of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) in drinking water is of concern due to the enormous number of individuals exposed to this condition worldwide. Studies in cultured cells and animal models have shown that As- or F-induced hepatotoxicity is primarily associated with redox disturbance and altered mitochondrial homeostasis. To explore the hepatotoxic effects of chronic combined exposure to As and F− in drinking water, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 2 mg/L As (sodium arsenite) and/or 25 mg/L F− (sodium fluoride). The male offspring continued the exposure treatment up to 30 (P30) or 90 (P90) postnatal days. GSH levels, cysteine synthesis enzyme activities, and cysteine transporter levels were investigated in liver homogenates, as well as the expression of biomarkers of ferroptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. Serum transaminase levels and Hematoxylin–Eosin and Masson trichrome-stained liver tissue slices were examined. Combined exposure at P30 significantly reduced GSH levels and the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression while increasing lipid peroxidation, free Fe 2+, p53 expression, and serum ALT activity. At P90, the upregulation of cysteine uptake and synthesis was associated with a recovery of GSH levels. Nevertheless, the downregulation of TFAM continued and was now associated with a downstream inhibition of the expression of MT-CO2 and reduced levels of mtDNA and fibrotic liver damage. Our experimental approach using human-relevant doses gives evidence of the increased risk for early liver damage associated with elevated levels of As and F− in the diet during intrauterine and postnatal period.
A new computational framework for log-concave density estimation
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Mazumder Rahul , Samworth Richard J.
Published: April 2024

In statistics, log-concave density estimation is a central problem within the field of nonparametric inference under shape constraints. Despite great progress in recent years on the statistical theory of the canonical estimator, namely the log-concave maximum likelihood estimator, adoption of this method has been hampered by the complexities of the non-smooth convex optimization problem that underpins its computation. We provide enhanced understanding of the structural properties of this optimization problem, which motivates the proposal of new algorithms, based on both randomized and Nesterov smoothing, combined with an appropriate integral discretization of increasing accuracy. We prove that these methods enjoy, both with high probability and in expectation, a convergence rate of order 1/T up to logarithmic factors on the objective function scale, where T denotes the number of iterations. The benefits of our new computational framework are demonstrated on both synthetic and real data, and our implementation is available in a github repository (Log-Concave Computation).
Disparate occurrences of a chalicotheriine and a schizotheriine chalicothere (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) at the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany)
Authors: Kampouridis Panagiotis , Hartung Josephina , Lechner Thomas S. , Kargopoulos Nikolaos , Böhme Madelaine
Published: April 2024

Chalicotheres are enigmatic perissodactyls that had large claws instead of hooves. The present study concerns the material of Chalicotheriidae from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede in Germany. The HAM 5 fossil site (11.62 Ma) consists of six isolated dental and postcranial chalicothere elements. Based on the morphology and dimensions of the dentition, the material can be assigned to the chalicotheriine Anisodon sp. This genus is the most common representative of Chalicotheriidae in Central Europe during the Middle Miocene but becomes much rarer during the Late Miocene. The HAM 4 fossil site (11.44 Ma) has yielded a patella belonging to a schizotheriine and a skull fragment that could possibly also belong to a schizotheriine. Thus, the schizotheriine and the chalicotheriine occur in different horizons in Hammerschmiede. Both taxa probably had a rather similar diet but different locomotion, and their disparate occurrences are most plausibly associated with environmental differences among the two fossiliferous levels.
Bacillus thuringiensis promotes systemic immunity in tomato, controlling pests and pathogens and promoting yield
Authors: Gupta Rupali , Keppanan Ravindran , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Matveev Sabina , Rav-David Dalia , Shulhani Ran , Elad Yigal , Ment Dana , Bar Maya
Published: April 2024

Plant pathogens and pests pose an increasing threat to worldwide food security. To improve and strengthen food security under increasingly difficult environmental, economic, and geopolitical conditions, the prospect of using microbial biocontrol agents becomes increasingly desirable. One of the most studied, and commercially used, biopesticide microorganisms is the entomopathogenic, gram-positive, soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). While Bt has been known for many years as an insecticidal microorganism and used extensively in agriculture, its possible anti-phytopathogen and plant growth-promoting activities have received comparatively limited attention thus far. Here, we examine the ability of Bt to promote systemic immunity in tomato plants. We investigate how Bt influences plant immunity and disease resistance against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, as well as several arthropod pests. In order to determine which component of Bt (i.e., Bt spores or pure crystals) is responsible for the observed effects on pathogens or pests, we dissected the different fractions present in a commercial preparation and assessed their effects on pest and pathogen control. As previously reported in the Bt literature, our results indicate that proteins produced by Bt are likely the primary acting components against pests. In the case of pathogens, however, it appears that both the Bt spores and proteins directly act against pathogens such as the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Bt Spores and produced proteins also both induce plant immunity. Understanding the different Bt mode of action mechanisms will help in developing cost-effective and safe plant protection strategies for enhancing food security. Taken together, our findings suggest that Bt could be used in broad-spectrum pest and disease management strategies. Pending validation in agricultural settings, Bt products on the market could have additional uses in sustainable pest management and plant growth promotion.
On wavefront patterns in a fractional reaction–diffusion model for predator–prey system with anti-predator behavior
Authors: Mansour Mahmoud B. A.
Published: April 2024

In recent studies, much attention has been paid to reaction–diffusion systems with anomalous diffusion. In this paper, we investigate the formation of wavefront patterns in a predator–prey model with anti-predator behavior under the influence of anomalous subdiffusion. We use methods of traveling wave analysis and numerical integration to establish the existence of traveling wavefront solutions. Further, obtained traveling wavefront solutions are validated through direct computer simulations of time-dependent solutions for fractional partial differential equation system. It is found that wavefronts exist in a range of system parameters, which travel faster in the subdiffusive system than in the normal diffusive one.