bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Торф и отходы промышленных предприятий Республики Коми как источник востребованных инновационных продуктов – гуминовых препаратов
Authors: Лаптева Е. М. , Василевич Р. С. , Лодыгин Е. Д.
Published: December 2020

В работе дан обзор применения инновационных продуктов комплексной переработки угле-родсодержащего сырья – гуминовых препаратов. Показана возможность их использования в сельском хозяйстве для повышения почвенного плодородия, стимуляции роста и развития сельскохозяйственных животных, в медицине в качестве БАДов, в экологии для ремедиации и рекультивации загрязненных органическими и неорганическими поллютантами почв. Отмечено отсутствие на данный момент зарегистрированных в установленном порядке лекарственных препаратов на основе гуминовых кислот.Охарактеризованы источники получения гуминовых кислот и препаратов на их основе. Показано, что в Республике Коми сырьем для производства таких продуктов могут быть торф, бурый уголь и отходы угледобывающей промышленности, кородревесные отходы предприятий деревообработки. Отмечено, что наиболее перспективна разработка технологий производства гуминовых препаратов из отходов угольной и деревообрабатывающей промышленности. В этом случае наряду с получением ценного инновационного продукта будет решена проблема утилизации отходов, значительные объемы которых накоплены в регионе.
Simulation of nonlinear circuits with alternating current in MatLab system
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Kupova A.V. , Lanovenko E.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Solovyeva E.B. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI»
Published: December 2020

Information technology optimizes the process of studying the theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Analytical solutions are often accompanied by complex mathematical transformations. In this case, the simulation (numerical modeling) reduces the calculation time and enables to take into consideration of changing the task conditions, evaluating the distinction of results, etc. The simulation of electrical circuits with a nonlinear inductance and a transformer is carried out in the MatLab system using the Simscape library. The comparative results analysis of analytical modeling and simulation of these circuits is represented.
Past, present and future of the Kyrgyz horse
Authors: Toktosunov Bolot , Abdurasulov Abdugani , Salykov Ruslan
Published: December 2020

The Kyrgyz horse is one of the oldest animal species. This is confirmed by the materials and statements of scientists-ethnographers, which were based on the works of historiographers and the results of archaeological excavations. Genetic research once again testifies to the long evolution and four thousand-year Genesis of this type of horse. The native Kyrgyz horse is a unique type of mountain horse that has a distinctive population feature, formed by centuries-old folk selection and under the strong influence of natural and climatic conditions in the process of natural selection. Historical sketches of the past centuries testify to the merits and identity of the Kyrgyz horse. Their numbers are limited, and the risk of extinction of native animals as an element of biodiversity will greatly affect human wellbeing in the present and future, especially a serious negative impact on the communities of mountain villages in the country.
Tchaikovskies and Pleske in the business life of Russia XIX - early XX century
Authors: Baryshnikov Mikhail
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine how Russian business conditions combine with the goals and interests of family business owners background to engender to two patterns of interaction: succession foundation of a new ventures. Through a holistic analysis of historical indicators drawn from the activities of representatives of two groups of relatives (Tchaikovskies and Pleske), it is noted that entrepreneurial legacies feature both stable and variability elements, and that forward-looking areas in institutional, economic and organizational interaction affect this dynamic content.
Transformation of the image of Russia in German journalism on the background of the Liberation War and the Vienna Congress
Authors: Zaichenko Olga
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of political journalism about Russia, as well as the German regional press, the article attempts to trace the process of transformation of German perception of Russia in 1813-1915 at the levels of everyday consciousness and national discourse about the future of the country.
Factors of percieved quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer
Authors: Alkier Romina , Okičić Jasmina , Milojica Vedran
Published: December 2020

The main goal of the paper is to determine underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer. Using the purposive sampling technique, data collection was carried out from January to August 2019 in the destinations of Opatija Riviera, yielding a sample of 155 valid responses. To gain better understanding of underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer, we, primarily, use exploratory factor analysis. The research findings have revealed that organization of a destination, gastronomic offer, natural resources, traffic infrastructure, destination´s cultural resources, accommodation capacities, attractions and sports activities are the main factors of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer.
Comparative analysis of managing beaches as a recreational resource in Croatia and Portugal
Authors: Kovačić Mirjana , Silveira Luis , Kerčević Srđan
Published: December 2020

Beaches are natural resources that substantially enrich the tourist offer. They are an extremely valuable resource, with economic, recreational, and health significance. Beaches are a place for socializing, sports and enjoying (sun, sea, and sand tourism product). Because of their different roles, especially urban and hotels/resorts beaches, they are exposed to various and numerous negative impacts caused by natural changes and human activity. Beaches should not be just an object for commercial use, as their meaning for people is much wider. This research focuses on managing and protecting beaches that require social responsibility due to their determining role in the national economies. The guidelines for effective management primarily refer the necessity of developing intellectual resources, the coordination between institutions, ensuring pro-activity and being holistic oriented in managing beaches. Scientists and professionals need to recognize their importance and take action to preserve this valuable asset for future generations. In that sense, the purpose of this research is to analyse the legal regulation and to highlight the differences and similarities between two countries, Croatia and Portugal, which due to their physical geography, climate and tourism activity, are based mainly on beach-related activities.
Methods for demonstrating a competence and criteria for evaluating a competence in STCW Convention
Authors: Gundić Ana , Vujčić Srđan , Maglić Lovro , Ivanišević Dalibor
Published: December 2020

STCW Convention has defined competences needed for jobs onboard, methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation. Every MET institution has to include minimal standards, prescribed by STCW Convention, in programmes for seafarers they have been carrying out. Apart from the obligatory STCW regulations, every institution carrying out STCW Convention based programme can include IMO Model Courses in the programme as well. In STCW Convention, competences and methods for their demonstration as well as criteria for their evaluation have been divided on the basis of ship’s departments. The paper is about standards that refer to deck department. Methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention, and the ones defined by IMO Model Courses were compared. They depend on well-defined learning outcomes. In order to determine whether learning outcomes, defined by both, STCW Convention and IMO Model Courses, are in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy, a lexical analysis for STCW A-II/1, column 2, A-II/2, column 2, Model Course 7.01 – Part C and Model Course 7.03 – Part C was done. Software Wordsmith 7.0, produced and delivered by Lexical Analysis Software and Oxford University press, was used in the research. The results of the research show that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation have not been written clearly enough. It was found out that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention are not in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy and commonly used methods and criteria. On the other hand, they are defined precisely in IMO Model Courses. Furthermore, there still exists a problem of IMO Model Courses being non-mandatory.
On Riemannian manifolds and their utility in topology
Authors: Niang Chérif Abdoul Mazid
Published: December 2020

On Riemannian manifolds and their utility in topology
The Administration of Cast Vote Records in U.S. States
Authors: Kuriwaki Shiro
Published: December 2020

I survey the state of election administration surrounding cast vote records in U.S. states. To study how states currently collect, preserve, and protect cast vote records, I made customized inquiries to election officers of all 50 states and D.C. The investigation shows how the administration of cast vote records is intricately related to other aspects of election administration: post-election audits, the interpretation of sometimes ambiguous regulations around the preservation of voted ballots and cast vote records, and the debate surrounding open records requests. I conclude with what the recently matured movement for common data formats entails for these issues surrounding cast vote records.
Emotions as overlapping causal networks of emotion components: Implications and methodological approaches
Authors: Lange Jens , Zickfeld Janis
Published: December 2020

A widespread perspective describes emotions as distinct categories bridged by fuzzy boundaries, indicating that emotions are distinct and dimensional at the same time. Theoretical and methodological approaches to this perspective still need further development. We conceptualize emotions as overlapping networks of causal relationships between emotion components—networks representing distinct emotions share components with and relate to each other. To investigate this conceptualization, we introduce network analysis to emotion research and apply it to the reanalysis of a data set on multiple positive emotions. Specifically, we describe the estimation of networks from data and the detection of overlapping communities of nodes in these networks. The network perspective has implications for the understanding of distinct emotions, their co-occurrence, and they measurement.
Physical distancing and the perception of interpersonal distance in the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Welsch Robin , Wessels Marlene , Bernhard Christoph , Thoenes Sven , Castell Christoph von
Published: December 2020

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been mandated to keep enlarged distances from others. We interviewed 136 German subjects over five weeks from the end of March to the end of April 2020 during the first wave of infections about their preferred interpersonal distance (IPD) before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, subjects adapted to distance requirements and preferred a larger IPD. This enlarged IPD was judged to persist after the crisis partially. People anticipated keeping more IPD to others even if there was no longer any risk of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also sampled two follow-up measurements, one in August, after the first wave had been flattened, and one in October 2020, at the beginning of the second wave. We discuss our findings in light of proxemic theory and an indicator for socio-cultural adaptation beyond the course of the pandemic.
Therapeutic Examination of Either-or Questioning Leading to Improve Underdeveloped Ego Autonomy in Early Adolescence: Quantum Analysis Using the Psychoanalytic Systems (PAS) Theory
Authors: Nagayama Tomoyuki
Published: December 2020

For the hypotheses of the either-or questioning from quantum analysis using the psychoanalytic systems (PAS) theory, we performed a therapeutic examination of an adolescent male with an underdeveloped ego autonomy: Either-or questioning may be effective in capturing issues in the embryonic phase of ego autonomy when Cl redefine own positioning as P (a)=1 or 0 and provide (1)the opportunity to practice decision-making;(2)the creation of a psychologically safe space;(3)activation of experiential ego;(4)activation of observational ego. The procedure included an intervention by the therapist using either-or questioning, and a correction algorithm is delineated for ego autonomy development. By quantum analysis using the PAS theory, the hypotheses were verified. The results of the analysis indicated six stages:(1)Either-or questioning;(2)Intervention in particles and energy of experience;(3)Mother-child object relations in the ego autonomy embryonic period;(4)Reactivation of the oedipal triangular relationship;(5)Mother-child relationship that forms the basis for a benevolent superego; and (6)Corrective development of Cl’s ego autonomy. Repositioning at P(a) = 1 or 0 includes not only space, but also time. Thus, redefining the two options, past or future, breaks down the quantum-theoretical multidimensional parallel anisotropy of corrective development from regression and regression under the control of ego and the development of independent movement, indicating its utility as a technique.
Implications of CJEU Jurisprudence on the Delimitation of Working Time by Rest Time in the Collaborative Economy
Authors: Anghel Răzvan
Published: December 2020

The specificity of the collaborative economy has raised a number of issues with regard to the qualification of legal relationships between workers, final beneficiaries and the online platform that mediates the provision of work, respectively whether between the platform and the worker there is an employment relationship or there is a commercial relationship between the platform, self-employees and consumers. In particular, the question arises whether, in the case of these workers, the working time regulations apply and, if so, how they can be applied in concrete manner. The article contains an analysis on how some principles derived from the CJEU case law can be used to determine whether and under what conditions workers in the collaborative economy can benefit from protection by limiting working time and how can work time be delimited by rest time in their case, given the specificity of their work condition, in order to ensure an effective protection.
Simple Wet Chemical Route for Decoration of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Shrestha Sabita , Bhatta Jay Prashad
Published: December 2020

Due to high specific area and chemical stability, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be an excellent support for metal nanoparticles. Carbon nanotube supported metal nanoparticles have applications in different fields. There are different techniques to attached metal nanoparticles on the surface of CNTs. This paper reports a simple wet chemical route to decorate the surface of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs).  The NiNPs decorated MWCNTs have different applications in different fields such as sensors, photocatalytic activity, hydrogen gas production, catalyst, to produce metallic nanowire etc. MWCNT was treated with nitric acid for purification and oxidation. Purification removes the impurities found in MWCNT and oxidation adds different oxygen functional groups. Raman spectroscopy shows the oxidation and attachment of nickel nanoparticles with the help of intensity, position and area ratio of D and G band. The introduction of an oxygen functional group on the surface of MWCNT after oxidation was studied by Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis; TGA and differential thermal analysis; DTA) revealed different thermal behavior of pristine, oxidized, and Ni decorated MWCNTs. TGA showed that the decomposition temperature decreased after oxidation and decoration with NiNPs. TGA also confirmed the purification of MWCNTs as well as the presence of nickel with the MWCNTs. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) also confirmed the presence of nickel in the sample.
Revisiting the Revised CLSI Breakpoint for Detecting Fluoroquinolones Resistance in Salmonella
Authors: Thapa Suchitra , Shrestha Basudha , Manandhar Sarita
Published: December 2020

Resistance towards fluoroquinolones and treatment failure is a matter of concern in enteric fever. The present study was undertaken to analyze the susceptibility pattern of  Salmonella towards fluoroquinolones using  2006 and 2013 Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint for interpretation and revisit the efficacy of Nalidixic acid resistance (NAR) as a phenotypic marker. A retrospective analysis of the zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter data and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of 105 Salmonella was conducted. The ZOI diameter analysis showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin using the previous 2006 ZOI breakpoint. However, with the revised 2013 breakpoint of Ciprofloxacin, the susceptibility percent dropped significantly and for Ofloxacin the breakpoint was not revised, so the percentage remained unchanged. The MIC analysis showed that all isolates were susceptible towards Ofloxacin and 97.14 % of isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin using the previous 2006 MIC breakpoint, while the susceptibility decreased for both antibiotics with the revised 2013 MIC breakpoint. Statistically, the ZOI diameter of Nalidixic acid and MIC values of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin was negatively correlated. To conclude, the revision of breakpoints addresses the problem of screening fluoroquinolones resistance but the emerging fluoroquinolones resistance situation is still a matter of concern in healthcare facilities of Nepal. Thus a reliable screening method is need of the hour as NAR cannot be considered a reliable marker to screen fluoroquinolones resistance
A Case Study of Holomorphic Semigroups
Authors: Subedi Bishnu Hari , Singh Ajaya
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we investigate some characteristic features of holomorphic semigroups. In particular, we investigate nice examples of holomorphic semigroups whose every left or right ideal includes minimal ideal. These examples are compact topological holomorphic semigroups.
Selection of Pyramided Barley Advanced Lines for Stripe Rust, Leaf Rust and Crown Rust Diseases Using Molecular Markers
Authors: Amgai Resham B. , Pokharel Shreejan , Pantha Sumitra , Parajuli Atit , Subedi Sudeep , Dhital Shambhu P.
Published: December 2020

Barley diseases are the major yield limiting factors for barley cultivation in Nepal. Stripe/Yellow rust (P. striformis f.sp. hordei and P. striformis f.sp. tritici), leaf rust (Puccinia hordei), and crown rust (P. coronata) are the major rust diseases in Nepal. Pyramiding resistance genes against all these rust diseases are possible through molecular marker assisted breeding. Sweden originated barley variety ‘Bonus’ is found resistant to stripe rust and having linked microsatellite markers for stripe rust and crown rust resistance. Similarly, Nepalese hull-less barley variety ‘Solu Uwa’ and Nepalese awn-less barley landrace NPGR Acc# 2478 have linked microsatellite markers for leaf rust resistance. Therefore, one polymorphic sequence tagged sites (STS) marker (ABG054) for stripe rust resistance, two polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (Bmac0144h and HVM049) for leaf rust and one polymorphic SSR marker (Bmag0006) for crown rust resistance were used to select the advanced barley lines (at F8 stage) from above parents. Field screening of stripe rust resistance was also conducted. Among 51 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/Solu Uwa cross, we have selected 10 pyramided lines for all three types of barley rust resistance. Similarly, among 39 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/NPGR Acc#2478 cross we have selected three pyramided lines and advanced for further yield testing for general cultivation purpose. The chances of losing the desired gene are high in late generation selection using molecular marker assisted selection (MAS); but the chances of getting agronomically superior varietal output will also increase.
Distance Learning – the Current Status and Directions for Further Research
Authors: Szulc Jolanta
Published: December 2020

The article aims to discuss current research trends in the field of Distance Learning (DL). It consists of the following parts: (1) the definitions and characteristics of DL; (2) current directions of research in the field of DL, among others: measuring transactional distance in Web-Based Learning Environments, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in DL, development of learning content and the task for MOOCs, effects of online course efficiency perceptions on Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) measures, new technologies for the DL, the use of metacognitive and affective model Self-Regulated Learning (MASRL), questionnaire (Constructivist Learning on a Scale Higher Settings of Education [CLHES]) as a method of research of constructivist learning environment in higher education, Transactional Distance (TD) theory in DL and online community culture; (3) summary and conclusions with a particular focus on the use of DL methods in higher education. The article is based on the study of literature registered in the databases ERIC, LISA, and LISTA.
Video Library of Mathematics Lessons as a Means of Methodological Training for Future Primary School Teachers
Authors: Skvortsova Svіtlana , Haran Maryna , Sagan Olena
Published: December 2020

The authors substantiate the expediency of using video lessons and their fragments in the process of forming future teachers’ professional competency. The elaborated library includes video recordings of real mathematics lessons at primary school and videos of pupils solving certain types of problems with full commentaries, structured by classes and topics. The methods of using the video library by educators in the field Methods of Teaching Mathematics in Primary School and students majoring in specialty 013 Primary Education were developed. The effectiveness of using the video library as a means of teaching the course Methods of Teaching Mathematics in Primary School was verified experimentally by introducing it into the educational process of three Ukrainian universities.
Travel Blog as an ESL Teaching Tool
Authors: Romaniukha Maryna , Shelomovska Oksana , Sorokina Liudmyla
Published: December 2020

Current stage of ICT development necessitates the improvement of teaching tools, skills, and learning outcomes. The article discusses bright educational prospects of travel blogging for students of English as a second language (ESL). The authors suggest a short theoretical overview of research into travel blogosphere’s educational opportunities, while discussing a classification of travel blogs according to the type of sender vs receiver communication. On a wide and modern textual material the article considers such prominent features of travel storytelling as polysemantic vocabulary, compact meaning representation, strategies to present cultural information and verbal creativity which can be of true interest for students of B2 level and above. The readers can also learn about a few forms of activity with travel stories which are individual special sampling with some specific focus (pun, irony, creative instances of word building), presentation of foreign culture by means of English, project work for a small group of enthusiasts, sampling stories by country, by area or by activity, and presenting one concise story to the classroom, as their own post or a paper brochure.
The Use of E-Learning Platform by Flipped Classroom Method in Chemistry Lessons in Poland and Ukraine – Case Study
Authors: Bartoszewicz Małgorzata , Gulińska Hanna , Gaidova Mariia
Published: December 2020

The objective of this article is to compare chemistry teaching in Poland and Ukraine at the primary schools level by discussing the possibilities of supporting education using a flipped classroom method (preemptive teaching) and ICT including free Google platform in chemical education. The article peruses some results of tests and surveys carried out among students in Polish and Ukrainian schools in the school year of 2018/2019 pointing out students’ motivation regarding ICT teaching support.
Principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in rulings of international courts
Authors: Nawrot Filip
Published: December 2020

Despite the fact of moving gradually away from the traditional energy sources, and reducing the share of the energy from the coal-fired power stations in the energy production, extraction of minerals other than hard coal remains crucial for human existence. It is enough to mention natural gas, metal ores, metals, gypsum, sand, precious stones, or thermal waters. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that geology and nature do not recognise the national boundaries, which results in the fact that some mineral deposits can be divided between two or more state territories. This leads to the situation when they are subject to the varied legal regimes. There is also a possibility of them being located outsidethe sovereignty or jurisdiction of any state. There are still under-researched topics connected with mining. The aim of this study is to define legal issues related to cross-border mining, the so-called shared natural resources, and to present solutions to problems identified respectively. The second step, after analysis of the terms natural resources and shared natural resources, will involve an analysis of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in rulings of international courts.
Jak się filozofuje z siodła? Przypadek Michela de Montaigne’a
Authors: Krupecka Iwona
Published: December 2020

In this text I am collecting and interpreting Michel de Montaigne’s reflections on the horses and horse-riding. I argue that there are two basic problems in which this theme was used by Montaigne: the fragility and unexpectedness of human life and body-mind relation. In both fields Montaigne proposed a re-evaluation in relation to the classical culture. In the first one, by interpreting Plato’s “practice of death” as an art of exposing oneself to an unexpected, and in the second, by linking mind activity with the bodily processes.
Braci mniejszych większy sens. Zwierzę w wierszach Georga Trakla i Bolesława Leśmiana
Authors: Kołodziej Dorota
Published: December 2020

Georg Trakl as well as Bolesław Leśmian used poetry to question about peoples’ relationship with the world and both of them noticed that – as Tadeusz Sławek in the article Ratujące niebezpieczeństwo postsekularyzmu wrote – “human could be saved or redeemed only thanks to something which is nonhuman and associated with animal or God.” This statement is for me the Anzatspunkt and allows to compare a poem entitled W locie by Bolesław Leśmian and a mysterious blaues Wild figure in Trakl’s pieces. This article attempts to show specific identity of an animal, which is usually defined as the other being. It is possible to observe this factor also on the language basis. The name “animal” – as Jacques Derrida noticed – violent by itself, is a harmful category. Leśmian’s godlike creature and blaues Wild are not easy to describe –they make readers attentive to the text. This article attempts to analyse this problematic animal noun, because without understanding its nature it might be also impossible to solve the issue what “humane” and “divine” mean.
A Non-Anthropocentric Area of Animals’ Memory in Wake, a Short Story by Shaun Tan. A Conspicuous Example of Developing Pro-Animal Sensitivity among Children
Authors: Slany Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Niniejszy artykuł jest literaturoznawczą interpretacją opowiadania Czuwanie i towarzyszącej mu ilustracji postmodernistycznego australijskiego artysty Shauna Tana, którego dzieła wpisują się w dyskursy posthumanizmu. Wybrany utwór to dzieło wyjątkowe, dalekie od klasycznych realizacji tematów prozwierzęcych w najnowszej literaturze dziecięcej. Utwór analizuję przez pryzmat studiów nad zwierzętami, praw zwierząt oraz ich podmiotowości, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem debaty nad redefiniowaniem śmierci zwierzęcia towarzyszącego w XXI wieku. Opowiadanie Tana jest znakomitym przykładem literatury skierowanej do młodego odbiorcy pozbawionej właściwego dla niej, niebezpiecznego chwytu narracyjnego określanego jako „sentymentalna antropomorfizacja zwierząt”, która sprawia, że postrzegamy zwierzę jako bohatera tekstu kultury przez pryzmat doświadczeń i emocji człowieka. Proponuję także wykorzystanie utworu do zaaranżowania projektu edukacyjnego w szkole podstawowej zatytułowanego Nieantropomorficzny obszar pamięci o zwierzętach, opatrzonego mottem: „Jak często się zdarza, że nie dostrzegamy zwierząt, choć nieustannie dzielimy z nimi świat?”.
She-Writes. Narrating Animality in Barbara Gowdy’s The White Bone
Authors: Szatanik Zuzanna
Published: December 2020

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi interpretację powieści kanadyjskiej autorki Barbary Gowdy z 1998 roku zatytułowanej The White Bone (Biała kość). Akcja powieści toczy się w Kenii w latach 80. XX wieku – a więc w okresie największego w historii kraju „słoniobójstwa”. Jej bohaterami są właśnie słonie, poszukujące mitycznego Bezpiecznego Miejsca. Powieść Gowdy często klasyfikowana jest jako postkolonialna, bo narracja prowadzona jest na przekór dyskursowi kolonizacji. Jednocześnie stanowi ona próbę opowiedzenia doświadczenia słoni, narrator zaś staje się tu tłumaczem i łącznikiem między zwierzętami dwóch różnych gatunków. Wyobrażenia dotyczące tego, co zwierzę myśli i czuje zawsze odbywają się kosztem antropomorfizacji tego zwierzęcia. Przedstawiona tu analiza sugeruje jednak, że antropomorfizm nie musi pociągać za sobą antropocentryzmu, a może wskazywać drogę do empatii.
Historia zawiedzionych nadziei. O zakazie chowu zwierząt na futra
Authors: Bielska-Brodziak Agnieszka , Drapalska-Grochowicz Marlena , Suska Marek
Published: December 2020

The deputy’s draft bill amendment about the Animal Protection Act submitted to the Marshal of the Sejm in November 2017 was one of the most ambitious attempts in the Third Republic of Poland to improve the legal protection of animals. The loudest proposal in the project was to prohibit the rearing and breeding of animals for the purpose of obtaining fur from them. In the article, the Authors reflect on the reasons for the political failure of this project. In the conditions of such strong centralization of political power, was the resistance from big business really decisive? What political conditions would have to be met for such far-reaching socio-economic changes motivated by public morality and environmental protection? Why this issue aroused so many contradictory emotions in political discourse? What is more important: economic profits based on cruelty to animals or life of sentient, autonomous beings?
Uregulowania dotyczące wniosków formalnych zawarte w regulaminach parlamentów wybranych państw członkowskich UE, Wielkiej Brytanii, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Parlamentu Europejskiego
Authors: Adamiec Danuta , Branna Justyna , Dziewulak Dobromir , Firlej Natalia , Groszkowska Kamila , Karkowska Marta , Kupis Daniela , Mróz Marcin , Szymanek Jarosław , Tazuszel Angelina , Żołądek Łukasz
Published: December 2020

The paper concerns selected issues related to parliamentary procedures. The primary aim is to investigate a particular category of motions, defined by rules of procedure of the Polish parliament as points of order (literally “formal motions”). In Poland, points of order are recognised as a separate category of motions. They may be submitted only in respect of matters being the subject of the orders of the day or the proceedings in a sitting and include, inter alia, motions to: suspend, postpone or close the sitting; close the discussion; alter the procedure of the discussion; close the list of speakers; limit the time of speeches; confirm a quorum. The authors examine how motions of similar subject scope are regulated in foreign national parliaments.
Ocena zmienionego wniosku dotyczącego decyzji Rady w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kulicki Jacek , Szpringer Zofia , Jaśkowski Marek
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the proposed decision is to raise the limit of the annual own resources in relation to the national income (GNI) of the EU Member States and to empower the Commission to borrow up to EUR 750 billion at 2018 prices on the capital markets on behalf of the EU. These borrowed funds would be dedicated solely to combating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the authors of the opinion, the proposal is valid and rational from the perspective of protection and development of the internal market as an important Community element and does not raise doubts as to its compliance with the principle of subsidiarity. Its compatibility with Article 310 TFEU may however be disputed.
Preparation, Characterization and Optimization of Etoposide-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles Based on Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: Ali Maha M , A. Rajab Nawal , A. Abdulrasool Alaa
Published: December 2020

In recent years, observed focus greatly on gold nanoparticles synthesis due to its unique properties and tremendous applicability. In most of these researches, the citrate reduction method has been adopted. The aim of this study was to prepare and optimize monodisperse ultrafine particles by addition of reducing agent to gold salt, as a result of seed mediated growth mechanism. In this research, gold nanoparticles suspension (G) was prepared by traditional standard Turkevich method and optimized by studying different variables such as reactants concentrations, preparation temperature and stirring rate on controlling size and uniformity of nanoparticles through preparing twenty formulas (G1-G20). Subsequently, the selected formula that prepared from the best tested condition was further optimized by preparing it using inverse method via the addition of gold salt to the reducing agent in opposite to the previous traditional method (G21). The optimized gold nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM and zeta potential. The obtained results indicated that (G21) with reactants concentrations of 0.5mM and 10mM for HAuCl4.3H2O and trisodium citrate dihydrate respectively, 65°C of preparation temperature and 1500rpm of stirring rate was chosen as an optimized formula according to AFM provided gold nanoparticles with smoother surface, smaller size (average 8.75nm) with more uniform size distribution (7.32%) as well as short over all preparation time (27minutes). In addition to that all results of SEM, EDX and TEM indicated uniform spherical shape with zeta potential of -47.87. In conclusion, inversed method is promising for the preparation of gold nanoparticles with high monodispersity.
The effectiveness of the performances of highly qualified archers of Ukraine in different options for building annual training (for example 2007-2018)
Authors: Antonova K. , Antonov S. , Pityn M.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to find out the performance of highly skilled archery athletes in different variants of annual training. The object of research is the system of training highly qualified athletes in archery. The subject of research is thebuilding annual training of highly skilled athletes in archery. Methods of research – theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources;analysis of documentary materials; methods of mathematical statistics. Scientific novelty. With this work, we will be able to investigates the variability of approaches to construct an annual macrocycle using the example of 2007–2018. The practical significance of our study is research a development that can be used when designing a training system for highly skilled archers.

Results. In the course of the study, options for constructing annual training were identified. The distribution was based on the number and orientation of the competition. In the first variant of construction dominated by control competitions. The best results were in 2008, when Victor Ruban won the gold medal at the XXIV Olympiad Games, and the men's team stopped a step ahead of the bronze medal and took 4th place. In the second embodiment, control and qualifying competitions prevail. It should be note that this variant of construction made it possible to perform successfully at the I European Games. However, the focus was on annual training, which did not allow the license to play for the XXXI Olympics men's team. In the third embodiment, qualifying competitions prevail. The performance of competitions during this period decreased somewhat. In particular, for the women's national team was a successful performance at the European Championship.
Features of sports selection of basketball students
Authors: Bilokon V.
Published: December 2020

The article defines the main criteria for sports selection in basketball. The features of selection in the system of long-term training of basketball players in Ukraine and abroad are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the literature in this area, the main criteria for sports selection at the initial stage of training basketball students have been established. Basketball in our country continues to gain more and more popularity as a spectacular and emotional kind of sports games. Modern trends in the development of basketball require Ukrainian athletes to fully realize their game potential. It is known that the preliminary stage, followed by a chain of pedagogical and organizational means of a long-term training system, is the selection of young athletes. The quality of the first stage of selection depends on the effectiveness of solving the problems of the next stages of sports training of basketball players, as well as the full implementation of the existing talents of children in sports abilities.
Means of restoring physical fitness of employees of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Bondarenko V. V. , Reshko S. M. , Martishko A. Yu. , Ryabukha O. S.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of scientific and educational-methodical works which cover methods and means of restoration of physical working capacity of experts of various specialties is carried out. It was stated that the official activity of police officers involves significant physical and psychological stress. It is substantiated that a high level of physical performance is one of the conditions for quality performance of functional duties and contributes to less manifestation of the effects of fatigue. The specifics of physical activity in the conditions of police service necessitate the search for tools that contribute to the rapid and full recovery of physical performance of law enforcement officers.

It is established that the quantitative manifestation of the level of physical fitness of the specialist is necessary for the assessment of the functional reserves of the organism during the organization of physical education of the population; in sports, during the selection, planning and forecasting of training loads of athletes; in adaptive physical education; to determine the motor mode of patients in clinics and rehabilitation centers; forecasting the course of diseases.

The specifics of application of pedagogical, medico-biological and psychological means of restoration of physical working capacity of policemen are characterized. It is argued that in the conditions of professional training of police officers, pedagogical tools are key in optimizing the recovery processes, as they are based on the body's natural ability to self-healing. Medico-biological and psychological means of recovery are considered additional only if the rational construction of the educational process. These tools help to increase the body's resistance to stress, accelerate the reduction of acute manifestations of general and local fatigue, effective recovery of energy resources, accelerate adaptation processes.

It is determined that restorative means should be used in accordance with the type and specifics of physical activity, taking into account the individual characteristics of the police officer. When choosing the means of recovery, a rational combination of means of general and local action becomes important.
Musical and rhythmic training of gymnasts 6-7 years old
Authors: Borуsova Yu. , Fedoriaka A.
Published: December 2020

Competitive composition in rhythmic gymnastics is a small performance that has its own plot. However, the modern system of training in rhythmic gymnastics involves the implementation of a large amount of complex and super-complex elements, which must be mastered by very young athletes, and almost no methods of forming artistry, expressiveness, musicality. Problems related to the study of sports aesthetics are the subject of research by scientists: Viner-Usmanova I.O., M.E. Plekhanova, L.P. Morozova, V.V. Sydorova, L.A. Karpenko, Kabaieva A.M., Biletska I.H. etc..

Aim: to scientifically substantiate and develop a program of musical and rhythmic training for 6-7 years old gymnasts.

Research methods: analysis and generalization of literature sources; pedagogical observation and experiment; testing; expert evaluation of performances of 6-7 years old gymnasts; methods of mathematical statistics.

Organization of the research. The research was conducted on the basis of the sports club "Rhythmics Star" in Dnipro within the period from October, 2018 till December, 2019. The study involved two groups of 6-7 years old gymnasts: control and experimental ones of 15 girls in each. Classes in groups were held 5 times a week for 90 minutes.

Research results. After conducting the study of the initial level of musical-rhythmic training of gymnasts 6-7 years old, it was determined that the majority (70.6%) of the athletes have an average level of musical-rhythmic training. The largest difference in the results was observed in the test for coordination of movements with the meter, and the smallest one in improvisation to music. As a result of the study, the program of musical and rhythmic training for gymnasts aged 6-7 was developed and experimentally tested.

Conclusions. Comparison of indicators of musical-rhythmic preparedness of the studied control and experimental groups at the beginning and end of the pedagogical experiment showed that in the control group the indicators have not changed. Whereas in the experimental group there was a significant statistical increase in the main indicators of musical and motor preparedness.

Prospects for further research: development of the program for different age groups using other methods and means of musical-rhythmic training.
Features of psychological training of athletes for competitive activity in strength sports
Authors: Kyrychenko Taras
Published: December 2020

The article emphasizes that the psychological preparation of athletes to participate in competitive activities is a complex process of sports improvement. Emphasis is placed on the athlete's ability to overcome unexpected obstacles, to control himself, to quickly assess the situation, make decisions and implement them. The main measures of general and special psychological training and mechanisms of psychological protection against negative actions during competitions of athletes specializing in power sports are analyzed.

It is noted that in power sports the conditions in which competitions take place differ from the conditions of training sessions. Coaches and psychologists should train athletes not only physically and tactically, but also develop their ability to withstand many pre-competitive and competitive factors that have a disorganizing effect and cause a mismatch of functions, ie reduce reliability in competitive activities. It is determined that the main components of achieving results in strength sports are: physical shape, technical and psychological training.

Preparation for the start can be carried out at low energy consumption or, conversely, at high power consumption in a state of strong excitation. These differences in intensity can be assessed as follows: from a purely subjective point of view - then talk about the degree of immersion in preparation for the activity; from an objective point of view - then it is necessary to determine the level of nervous and somatic functioning, which underlies the state of readiness of the athlete. In this context, we should consider the concept of activation, which simultaneously means a rapid increase in the activity of the central nervous system, and the resulting intensification of peripheral processes. It is indisputable that the more extreme the competition, the more intense the athlete's mechanisms of activation of mental and physiological functions, which directly affect the effectiveness of performance. Moreover, this happens in an arbitrary (or even involuntary) mode.

Before the responsible start the installation connected with expectation of the most probable result of competitions is formed. Often the installation is formed on an unconscious level, but the more complex in its structure is the future activit y, the more in the formed formation is dominated by conscious, volitional components.
Influence of power loads of a recreational orientation on the organism of student youth
Authors: Koryukaev М. , Sobolenko A.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the features of power loads and their impact on the body of student youth. It was found that athletics is the most popular sport among student youth. The article reveals the influence of athletics on the body of students of higher education institutions in the process of physical education. The analysis of literature sources showed a tendency to the constant deterioration of the health of young people, reducing the motivation to engage in physical education.

One of the ways to solve the problem of involvement in physical education is the free choice of forms of employment. That is, there is a need to introduce a system of attendance at a convenient time for students in the chosen specialization. The main popularity for girls is aerobics and fitness, and for boys athletic gymnastics. However, the introduction of this system leads to negative aspects of physical education classes for students in the curriculum, which affects the study of other disciplines. For example, after a physical education class, a student cannot quickly rebuild, get out of the excited state caused by emotions and physical stress of the class. Therefore, the task of physical training must be solved in the mandatory physical education classes held outside the university schedule in the afternoon.

This is a direction of bodybuilding, based on the use of strength training complexes with different weights: barbells, dumbbells, dumbbells, exercise machines. It is a system of exercises that develops strength along with endurance, agility and some other physical qualities that promote good health.

Over the last decade, studies have been conducted on the impact of recreational strength training.