bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Data Management System Protected by Identity-Based Authentication and Key Exchange
Authors: Rivero-García Alexandra , Santos-González Iván , Hernández-Goya Candelaria , Caballero-Gil Pino , Yung Moti
Published: March 2017

A secure and distributed framework for the management of patients’ information in emergency and hospitalization services is proposed here in order to seek improvements in efficiency and security in this important area. In particular, confidentiality protection, mutual authentication, and automatic identification of patients are provided. The proposed system is based on two types of devices: Near Field Communication (NFC) wristbands assigned to patients, and mobile devices assigned to medical staff. Two other main elements of the system are an intermediate server to manage the involved data, and a second server with a private key generator to define the information required to protect communications. An identity-based authentication and key exchange scheme is essential to provide confidential communication and mutual authentication between the medical staff and the private key generator through an intermediate server. The identification of patients is carried out through a keyed-hash message authentication code. Thanks to the combination of the aforementioned tools, a secure alternative mobile health (mHealth) scheme for managing patients’ data is defined for emergency and hospitalization services. Different parts of the proposed system have been implemented, including mobile application, intermediate server, private key generator and communication channels. Apart from that, several simulations have been performed, and, compared with the current system, significant improvements in efficiency have been observed.
Acousto-Optic–Based Wavelength-Comb-Swept Laser for Extended Displacement Measurements
Authors: Park Nam , Chun Soo , Han Ga-Hee , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: March 2017

We demonstrate a novel wavelength-comb-swept laser based on two intra-cavity filters: an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and a Fabry-Pérot etalon filter. The AOTF is used for the tunable selection of the output wavelength with time and the etalon filter for the narrowing of the spectral linewidth to extend the coherence length. Compared to the conventional wavelength-swept laser, the acousto-optic–based wavelength-comb-swept laser (WCSL) can extend the measureable range of displacement measurements by decreasing the sensitivity roll-off of the point spread function. Because the AOTF contains no mechanical moving parts to select the output wavelength acousto-optically, the WCSL source has a high wavenumber (k) linearity of R2 = 0.9999 to ensure equally spaced wavelength combs in the wavenumber domain.
Strong Tracking Spherical Simplex-Radial Cubature Kalman Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking
Authors: Liu Hua , Wu Wen
Published: March 2017

Conventional spherical simplex-radial cubature Kalman filter (SSRCKF) for maneuvering target tracking may decline in accuracy and even diverge when a target makes abrupt state changes. To overcome this problem, a novel algorithm named strong tracking spherical simplex-radial cubature Kalman filter (STSSRCKF) is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm uses the spherical simplex-radial (SSR) rule to obtain a higher accuracy than cubature Kalman filter (CKF) algorithm. Meanwhile, by introducing strong tracking filter (STF) into SSRCKF and modifying the predicted states’ error covariance with a time-varying fading factor, the gain matrix is adjusted on line so that the robustness of the filter and the capability of dealing with uncertainty factors is improved. In this way, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of both STF’s strong robustness and SSRCKF’s high accuracy. Finally, a maneuvering target tracking problem with abrupt state changes is used to test the performance of the proposed filter. Simulation results show that the STSSRCKF algorithm can get better estimation accuracy and greater robustness for maneuvering target tracking.
Coherences and Differences among EU, US and PRC Approaches for Rural Urban Development: Interscalar and Interdisciplinary Analysis
Authors: Lotto Roberto De , Cattaneo Tiziano , Giorgi Emanuele , Venco Elisabetta M.
Published: March 2017

The main goal of this paper is to translate the indexing of a projects’ Data Base, based on EU vocabulary on rural urban development, into different lexicons. Built on the groundwork laid in previous researches, the authors want to enlarge the methodology applied in European Union (EU) territory and defined with Rural Architectural Intensification (RAI) and Rural Architectural Urbanism (RAU) to other contexts, in particular People’s Republic of China (PRC) and United States (US), keeping, however, this research at theoretical and methodological definition level. The study of coherences and differences between EU, US and China for rural urban development implies an interscalar and interdisciplinary analysis approach. It must be in complete adherence with national and specific directives and objectives in all the different selected countries. The analysis of main literature and national and federal laws of Europe, United States and China allows the definition of the Strategic Objectives and Main Goals for Rural Development identifying indicators and criteria. They permit to measure intensification’s outcomes in a qualitative way through the description and interpretation of operative tools for architecture and landscape design. Finally, the organized database and the territorial results can be considered as guidelines to support decision makers in rural-urban context. In addition, the whole procedure presented along with the projects’ database is a significant research package for further interdisciplinary applications.
Targeting the P2X7 Receptor in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yang Dongli
Published: March 2017

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a membrane receptor for the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It functions as a ligand-gated non-selective cation channel and can mediate formation of a large non-selective membrane pore. Activation of the P2X7R induces multiple downstream events, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and cell death. Although the P2X7R has been identified in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and different layers of retina, its biological and pathological functions as well as its downstream signaling pathways in the RPE and retina are not yet fully understood. Better understanding of the function of P2X7R in the RPE and retina under normal and disease states might lead to novel therapeutic targets in retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This brief review will mainly focus on recent findings on in vitro and in vivo evidence for the role of the P2X7R in the RPE and AMD.
Unpredictable cycloisomerization of 1,11-dien-6-ynes by a common cobalt catalyst
Authors: Suleymanov Abdusalom A , Vasilyev Dmitry V , Novikov Valentin V , Nelyubina Yulia V , Perekalin Dmitry S
Published: March 2017

1,11-Dien-6-ynes undergo cycloisomerization in the presence of the cobalt catalytic system CoBr2/phosphine ligand/Zn/ZnI2 giving cyclohexene, diene or cyclopropane structures depending on the type of the phosphine ligand. This unpredictable behaviour suggests that, although the availability of the cobalt catalytic system is appealing, the development of well-defined catalysts is desirable for further progress.
User embracement in practices care in psychosocial care centers the perspective of local managers
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Soares Andreza Kelly , Ximenes Guimarães José Maria , Feitosa de Araújo Aretha , Carneiro Cleide , Pereira Morais Ana Patrícia , Carneiro Aguiar Claudine , Saboia Paz Leonardo , Da Costa Marcélid Berto , Sousa Maria do Socorro , De Araújo Gomes Maria Elidiana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Miessa Ruiz Erasmo , Bezerra de Oliveira Maryldes Lucena
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Psychosocial care centres (CAPS), strategic IN articulation of psychosocial care network and health system gateway, propose to the reorganization of health practices, by adopting a new ethic of care, based on respect to the singularity of the subjects and in the reception to the health needs of the users. Reception is a device for transforming practices and humanizing health care. 

Objective: To analyse the operation of the host users of CAPS from the perspective of local coordinators in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. 

Method: Qualitative research with case study design, performed with CAPS coordinators of the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observation, being submitted to the analysis of thematic content. 

Results: The host constituted innovative device in mental health practices, as triggered the construction of new ways of dealing with the subject in psychological distress, by incorporating technologies such as qualified listening, building autonomy, with attention focused on the user. Provided a reorientation of work and service processes, requesting the articulation for network care. In addition, it was configured as a strategy for humanization in the CAPS. Was presented, however, operational difficulties related to the environment and to the effectiveness of the network of attention. 

Final considerations: The host device configured for reorienting health practices, enhancing the consolidation of psychosocial care model, with humanization and increased solvability. However, challenges remain to be overcome, related to the environment and to the effectiveness of the network of care.
Nursing Care Systematization: A Study At A Teaching Hospital
Authors: Macêdo Louise Passos Vigolvino , Bezerra Alyne Fernandes , De Almeida Aran Rolim Mendes , Dantas Thayana Rose de Araújo , Veras Rafaella Felix Serafim , Falcão Renata Maia de Medeiros , Rodrigues Mayara Muniz Peixoto , Oliveira Jacira Dos Santos , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira , Vasconcelos Josilene De Melo Buriti
Published: March 2017

Objective: Investigate the understanding of nurses who work at a teaching hospital, in relation to NCS and the nursing process; ascertain facilities/difficulties related to the applicability of the nursing process in that service; and verify the opinions of those professionals for the improvement and/or effectiveness of the nursing process at the hospitalization units of the hospital.

Method: Exploratory, descriptive study, with a qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 42 nurses who answered a questionnaire. The empirical material was analyzed and categorized based on the content analysis technique and discussed in the light of the literature.

Results: From the participants' discourses, two categories of analysis emerged: 1) understanding of NCS as a tool to organize the Nursing work process and improve the quality of care; and 2) applicability of the nursing process at the various hospitalization units of the institution.

Conclusion: The implementation and applicability of that method depend on not only the knowledge and motivation of the nursing professionals, but also on a strategic planning involving management and staff, from the recognition of their importance in order to obtain adherence and effective operationalization in practice.

Descriptors: Nursing; Nursing Process; Professional Practice.
Improvisation for Leadership Development
Authors: Trepanier Sylvain , Nordgren Mollie
Published: March 2017

Leaders are required to demonstrate agility, creativity, and innovation. Professional development educators can help leaders to develop the skills to listen carefully, be present in the moment, and contribute to any conversation by using improvisation.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(4):151–153.
Angiographic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in an adult patient with negative scintigraphy
Authors: Kovacs Mark , Botstein Jonathan , Braverman Stuart
Published: March 2017

A Meckel's diverticulum was diagnosed by mesenteric angiography in a 34 year-old patient who presented with hematochezia and dropping hemoglobin.  The case demonstrates the challenges often encountered in workup of occult gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and shows that angiographic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is possible, even in the absence of angiographic evidence of active extravasation. Our patient had a previous non-diagnostic workup including upper and lower endoscopy, videocapsulography, and Technetium-99m  pertechnetate (Tc-99m) scintigraphy.  Visceral angiogram demonstrated the presence of a persistent vitelline artery, diagnostic of Meckel's diverticulum.  While no active extravasation was seen at the time of the angiogram, operative specimen demonstrated a Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic gastric mucosa and intraluminal hemorrhage.
Des cinémathèques au patrimoine cinématographique. Tendances du questionnement historiographique français
Authors: Louis Stéphanie-Emmanuelle
Published: March 2017

Les cinémathèques s’étant peu à peu imposées comme des musées du cinéma, la problématique patrimoniale s’est développée concomitamment à l’écriture de leur histoire. Quels en furent les enjeux de développement, les facteurs de mutation, et quelles perspectives se dessinent-elles à l’heure actuelle ? Au-delà d’une tendance ancienne à écrire l’histoire depuis l’intérieur des organismes concernés, la transformation du questionnement s’est produite à la faveur de facteurs conjugués : la quête de légitimité d’acteurs du patrimoine réfléchissant à leurs pratiques ; l’appropriation du sujet par une génération d’auteurs plus distante des faits évoqués ; la nécessité de rationaliser la politique de ce secteur cinématographique parallèlement à un tournant culturel de l’historiographie du cinéma.
Actua 1, « film perdu » retrouvé de la filmographie de Philippe Garrel et de l’histoire du cinéma de Mai 68
Authors: Vergé Émilie
Published: March 2017

Cet article présente le film collectif Actua 1, « actualités révolutionnaires » de Mai 68, réputé perdu et retrouvé en 2014 aux Archives Françaises du Film où il attendait dûment étiqueté. Un film en noir et blanc et 35mm tourné pendant les émeutes de 1968 à Paris que Garrel avait reconstitué in absentia dans les Amants réguliers en 2004 en une sorte d’auto-remake. En effet, bien que le collectif comportât Philippe Garrel, Jean-Luc Godard, Serge Bard et Patrick Deval, Actua 1 se révèle se rattacher avant tout à l’esthétique de Garrel et participer à la pensée situationniste critique du « cinéma-spectacle ».
Radio totale
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas
Published: March 2017

Le son streamé de la radio permet une multiplication des pouvoirs de celle-ci. En premier lieu, elle conserve ses fondamentaux (émission, réception, imaginaire). En second lieu, elle gagne encore en liberté. Devenue continuité et fragment en même temps, elle s’offre au grand bain numérique du remixage potentiel. A la fois stream et stock, la parole médiatisée est une nébuleuse autonome qui grossit constamment et se nourrit d’elle-même, flux et fleuve faits pour se faufiler partout — oreilles, cerveaux, terminaux… Le stream est un fleuve sonore numérique sorti de son lit et qui n’y retournera jamais.
Copying machines
Authors: Shiga John
Published: March 2017

Although there is a large body of scholarly literature on musical copyright, very little of this work explores in a sustained and direct way the role of copyright in regulating musical memory. This paper conceptualizes sound recording as a mnemonic technology and analyzes the manner in which copyright law attempts to manage the impact of this technology on legal concepts of musical memory and authorial subjectivity. The paper analyzes the case law on “cryptomnesia” or unconscious plagiarism in the United States and Canada wherein defendants claimed not to have access to the original work and therefore could not have copied it. These contested similarities highlight the dispersion of memory and creativity across a heterogeneous network that includes composers, musicians, and producers but also institutions and machines, and leads to the present difficulty of recentering the authorial subject in legal discourses and practices. In this way, late twentieth century legal disputes over unconscious plagiarism anticipate contemporary anxieties about the entanglement of creative and consumer subjectivities with digital techniques in recent litigation campaigns against mash-up remixing, peer-to-peer file sharing, and other popular practices of online music reproduction. Then as now, copyright acts as a site for disciplining and normalising certain modes of listening to and remembering sound recordings which in turn help smooth over tensions in the field of capitalist music (re)production.
The Internet of Things
Authors: Bughin Jacques , Chui Michael
Published: March 2017

The Internet of Things (“IoT”), networks of connected machines and sensors with the ability to monitor and manage objects in the physical world electronically, has substantial economic potential. IoT technology has a wide range of applications, such as optimizing the performance of industrial operations and infrastructure systems; coordinating self-driving cars; managing the energy efficiency and security of homes and offices; and monitoring patients remotely. Drawing on a body of research by the McKinsey Global Institute (most notably, The Internet of Things: Mapping the value beyond the hype, June 2015), this chapter finds that the IoT could generate anywhere from $3.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion in annual economic impact by 2025. We arrive at these figures through a bottom-up quantification of economic surplus that examines multiple use cases clustered in nine types of settings where IoT technology has relevance. We also highlight some of the fundamental enablers that will be necessary for this value to be realized, including industrial adoption, interoperability standards, cybersecurity, and regulatory certainty regarding issues such as data sharing and liability. While these factors are not yet certain, we conclude that the current hype of IoT is somewhat justified. Indeed, if these issues are resolved quickly and fully, the eventual economic value may exceed current expectations.
Innovation in Product Design
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ravi , Gaur Loveleen
Published: March 2017

The IoT and 3D printing can become a potent combination when it comes to launching new business initiatives driven by hard-core data and analytics and not really based on human perceptions or limited survey data. Previous empirical research has shown that drivers of new product performance are a mix of strategic, development process, organizational, and market environmental factors. This chapter attempts (1) to understand how introduction of IoT sensors embedded in customer appliances or wearable's sending real time customer information coupled with rapid prototyping using remotely located 3D printers can help address design considerations for new products, and (2) to provide an overview of how using IoT data and 3D printers for new product development and prototyping as an early stage activity can be done without using human imagination of restricted market survey data.
Towards Autonomous IoT Logistics Objects
Authors: Karakostas Bill
Published: March 2017

To improve the overall impact of the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent capabilities must be developed at the edge of the IoT ‘Cloud.' ‘Smart' IoT objects must not only communicate with their environment, but also use embedded knowledge to interpret signals, and by making inferences augment their knowledge of their own state and that of their environment. Thus, intelligent IoT objects must improve their capabilities to make autonomous decisions without reliance to external computing infrastructure. In this chapter, we illustrate the concept of smart autonomous logistic objects with a proof of concept prototype built using an embedded version of the Prolog language, running on a Raspberry Pi credit-card-sized single-board computer to which an RFID reader is attached. The intelligent object is combining the RFID readings from its environment with embedded knowledge to infer new knowledge about its status. We test the system performance in a simulated environment consisting of logistics objects.
The Human-IoT Ecosystem
Authors: Michell Vaughan , Olweny James
Published: March 2017

IoT devices offer a cheap and powerful approach to identifying real world states and situations and acting on this real world environment to change these states and the environment. Augmenting real world things with IoT technology enables the capture of real world context to support decision making and actions in the real world via powerful smart objects in a human- IoT ecosystem. Increasingly we will have to understand the Human-IoT or smart device ecosystem interaction in order to optimise and integrate the design of human and IoT systems. This chapter explores the design and categorisation of IoT devices in terms of their functionality and capability to support context to add to human perception. It then proposes how we can model the context information of both IoT devices and humans in a way that may help progress Human-IoT Ecosystem design using situation theory.
Emerging Models of Practice in Flipped English Language Arts Classrooms
Authors: Cockrum Troy
Published: March 2017

This chapter reviews various flipped classroom models with particular focus on documenting them for further study and development. Much of the current research and popular news coverage regarding flipped classrooms only addresses one model; however, with multiple models in practice we have an incomplete picture in popular and academic literature of how the flipped classroom is being used by K-12 teachers. This chapter uses publications and blog posts to identify the multiple models of flipped English language arts (ELA) as they are documented by practitioners. Each model is categorized and defined in order to provide a better understanding for future practice and research, as well as determine common terminology. This chapter serves to alleviate the concerns that the current research and popular press are not accurately representing the flipped classroom. By identifying variations of the model and providing further recommendations on ways to advance the model, a more accurate picture can be documented.
A Freireian Approach to “Flipping” the ELA Methods Course
Authors: Webb Allen
Published: March 2017

This chapter explores the approach the author takes in preparing future secondary English teachers through a flipped method. The author's class is inquiry-based, student-centered, cultural studies oriented, and an experiment in Freirian pedagogy. Rather than a “delivery” or “banking” model of information transfer from teacher to students, the approach understands learning, and the world, as unfinished, in process, susceptible to critical understanding and intervention. This approach, in effect, flips the model of professor as authority telling would-be-teachers how to teach and puts the students, future teachers themselves, into Freire's hyphenated position of “students-teachers” jointly responsible for learning.
A Hybrid Flipped Classroom
Authors: Lindsay Waylon Keith
Published: March 2017

This chapter explores one teacher's journey to redesign a secondary English classroom from its traditional, teacher-directed style to one relying on digital content. The chapter will illuminate the challenges in several ways: 1) both drivers and constraints for redesigning traditional instructional models; 2) best practices for designing and using the flipped model; and 3) ways to support administrators as they seek to foster its use inside classrooms. The author's transformation is presented to support others' ability to engage in similar behaviors while acknowledging the real-world challenges that systematic instructional redesign presents. A flipped classroom model is one in which teachers create videos of themselves presenting concepts. Students are asked to watch these videos prior to their arrival, thereby leaving class time for more higher-level activities. One might think of flipped content as an alternative to homework. The material to be studied is redesigned with videos that improve student willingness and flexibility to engage the material. The hybrid flipped classroom model is one that integrates a high level of technology to support curriculum implementation and grading. It relies on content that has been flipped from traditional to digital means by the teacher of record and leverages digital content (created by others) and technology tools to deploy instruction, to evaluate its effectiveness and to alter it as needed.
Considerations of “Related Party,” in Disguised Earning Distribution via Transfer Pricing
Authors: Sonsuzoğlu Elif , Işık Hayriye
Published: March 2017

This study aims to evaluate the regulations regarding affiliated person subject to transactions violating the arm's length principle within the context of Distribution of Disguised Earning by Transfer Pricing. In Turkish Tax Laws, DDETP is regulated by Income Tax and Corporation Taxes Act. In these regulations, price or charges used in transactions with the affiliated persons are considered DDETP for real person, trader or corporation performing the transaction. Purpose of the regulations is to prevent the efforts of exclusion of earnings from the tax assessment in a disguised manner and minimizing tax assessment by assuming fees and charges against the arm's length principle in transactions with affiliated persons.
Determinants of Public Spending Composition in OECD and MENA Countries
Authors: Guleryuz Ece H.
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the determinants of different public spending components in the OECD and MENA countries from a political economy perspective. The authors primarily concentrate on partisan motivation approach. Yet, they control for macroeconomic and institutional variables besides the political economy variables in the estimations. They use panel data estimation with country and year fixed effects (two-way fixed effects model) covering the period of 1980 and 2008. Regarding the estimation results of the OECD countries sample, compared to a presidential system, in assembly – elected president and parliamentary systems expansions in public agriculture, education, health, defense, and social protection spending are supported more. Among the macroeconomic variables, current account balance and GDP per capita turn out to be statistically significant. Regarding the estimation results of the MENA countries sample, it is found that right – wing ruling parties support higher levels of public spending in various areas.
History of Turkey's Economic Crises
Authors: Ay Hakan , Uçar Öznur
Published: March 2017

Examine the history of Turkey's economic crisis based economy will give clues for a much better economy. For 92 years, history of Turkey Republic has experienced the development stages of democracy and economy. Turkey has completed the journey of economic development as the most advanced economy in the world, although began as an undeveloped country. Turkey has been affected from the global and regional crises and overcame the nine economic crises. The implemented economic crisis policies showed parallelism with the trend of the world economic thoughts and has been shaped around Keynes and Friedman applications. All these details have been described in our study chronologically. With our study, we were trying to portray the Turkish economy's yesterday and today. Thus, we believe that our study will create data for predicting the future of the Turkish economy and the future of the world of economy.
Lean and Digital
Authors: Zincir Oya , Ünal Adil , Erdal Murat
Published: March 2017

This study focuses on “BuyerNetwork.net,” an online social networking website which brings procurement and supply chain professionals together on a digital-sphere for the purposes of interacting on work related communications and gathering information about supply chain products, operations and industry specific updates. It is aimed to explain the concepts of digital entrepreneurship and lean startup concepts with a literature background and on a case study. In the proposed case study, BuyerNetwork.net's establishment process is examined.
Computer-Supported Imagination
Authors: Landriscina Franco
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to explore some conceptual and methodological issues related to computer-based simulation as a teaching and learning method for STEM education. Two major themes will be examined in detail: 1) the barriers to the penetration of simulation into school programs; 2) simulation as a way to enhance scientific imagination in students. It is argued that scientific imagination is linked closely with mental simulation, a fundamental capacity of the human brain which allows us to move from static to dynamic mental representations. The role of mental simulation in understanding scientific concepts is discussed and an explicit statement is provided of the relation between computer simulation and mental simulation. On these grounds, computer simulation is viewed as a tool for extending human cognition by overcoming the limits of mental simulation. Finally, the implications of these findings for designing simulation-based instructional units and conducting lessons are discussed.
Collaborative Systems for Design-Based Learning
Authors: Streator Joycelyn
Published: March 2017

This chapter explores use of Design-based learning (DBL) and digital tools to facilitate collaborative learning through design-based projects. Design-based learning (DBL) is an educational approach that incorporates hands-own, authentic, multidisciplinary design tasks to identify problems and design solutions. With DBL, students typically work in teams and are tasked designing solutions to open-ended problems. Teams develop conceptual solutions to problems and then work through the design process to arrive at the creation of an actual artifact. This artifact may be fully functional or simply a model, prototype, or other representation of the complete system. STEM instructors and students should give careful attention to selecting the digital tools for collaboration. Some collaborative tools offer affordances and features that compliment the communication processes in one phase of the design process while another other tool may be better suited for the tasks specific to another phase.
Wikigrams-Based Social Inquiry
Authors: Patarakin Evgeny D.
Published: March 2017

This chapter presents techniques that combine the productive activity aimed at creation of collaborative stories with the research activity based on the analysis of the relationship between the participants of the productive activity. The productive activity is delivered through a wiki site Letopisi.org, where all actions of the participants are recorded in an electronic log. Log records are used as a data source to build sociograms, which constitute the basis for the research activity. The chapter describes different cycles of collaboration based on the usage of social objects. The first cycle is creation of digital story. The second cycle is social inquiry.
Inquiry-Based Science Education and the Digital Research Triad
Authors: Tsybulsky Dina , Levin Ilya
Published: March 2017

The chapter deals with a new research field that has arisen at the intersection of scientific experiment and emerging digital technologies. The classical triad of experimental research ‘subject-instrument-object' and its implementation in science education are in the focus of the chapter. The triad is studied in its evolution to a so-called digital triad corresponding to the experimental science of digital society. In the digital triad, each of the three components are transformed. The knowing subject - researcher is transformed to the digital scholar; the experimental instrument is transformed on the base of emerging cloud and mobile technologies; the research object comprising hybrid natural-artificial components emerges. The digital transformations of the experimental research triad and educational practices based on the digital triad are manifested in a number of pioneer inquiry-based projects analyzed in the chapter.
Shared Value Creation for Sustainability in Not-for-Profit Organisations
Authors: Kandaiya Tony , Chavan Meena
Published: March 2017

The objective of this chapter is to delineate the sustainability problems encountered by not-for-profit organisations and to explore how these challenges can be can be managed through shared value creation by the stakeholders. Case study-abductive research methodology was adopted to explore stakeholder shared values and sustainability. This method of study is especially useful for trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world situations. Findings revealed that the sustainability strategy in not for profit organizations must be a holistic approach. Such an approach needs to build upon value-creation that is integrated to develop social entrepreneurship and create social capital along the three dimensions which includes innovative, proactive, and risk management behavior. This chapter contributes to the shared value with stakeholders to provide a social enterprise pathway for a not for profit organization to achieve long-term financial sustainability while maintaining the core social mission and objectives.
The “Private Face” of Nonprofits
Authors: Caflisch Sarah
Published: March 2017

Financial and social costs for nonprofits that do not follow legal and ethical human resources policies, procedures and practices, are substantial for social welfare nonprofit organisations. Especially, a knowledge deficiency in the area of employee discipline and discharge suggest that nonprofits struggle when these challenges occur. Often, such deficiencies have led to costly litigation, loss of funding and diminished public good will. Data is obtained from nonprofit social welfare service providers using surveys and interviews. This chapter contributes to the generation of knowledge in the areas of legal and ethical human management particularly as these relate to employee performance management and discipline, discharge and termination issues and concludes with alternative solutions, approaches and future research directions.
Crowdfunding for Non-Profits
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: March 2017

Crowdfunding has been applied to equity investments as well as in a preproduction consumer purchase model. Crowdfunding is projected to become a $US90-96 billion industry by 2025, and is being touted as a valuable tool for fundraising for charitable non-profits. For leading non-profits around the globe a critical question is whether charitable crowdfunding is a threat or an opportunity for them. This chapter demonstrates that charitable crowdfunding represents a powerful new fundraising tool for leading, start-ups and not for profit organisations. This discussion contributes to the financial knowledge, specifically in the online crowdfunding and non-profit organisations and concludes that non-profit organisations through crowdfunding has the potential to expand the donor base.
New Perspectives
Authors: Antonova Albena
Published: March 2017

As social and environmental struggles intensify, the raising economic and social role of not for profits will continue to expand globally. Not for profit organizations have the potential to mobilize digitally-enabled communities and to work on various global challenges, overcoming the limitations of governmental institutions, local and short-term perspectives of public administration and private interests of business organizations. The present research aims to reassess the business models and value creation behind NFP operational models, their role for social innovation, the impact of the new technologies and the characteristics of the emerging digital communities. Further, there will be discussed the new perspectives for NFP development as innovative instruments, protecting social interests between government and private organizations, and contributing to solve increasing social problems.
Socio-Technical Punctuated Equilibrium Model Enhanced with Social Network Theory
Authors: Dahlberg Tomi , Hokkanen Päivi , Newman Mike
Published: March 2017

We investigate the equilibria of CIO work. We apply the punctuated equilibrium paradigm based socio-technical model as our theoretical basis. We use this model to visually describe the impacts of business interruptions (=punctuations) on IT executives' perceived equilibria of work. We enhance the punctuated model with constructs taken from Granovetter's social network theory to better understand social mechanisms influencing IT executives' perceptions. We examined empirically perceptions about the equilibria of work and the role of IT in business in a media company during the years 2010-16. We collected data with the interview data collection method by conducting several interview rounds. Interview findings revealed that the equilibria of work were seen differently at three organizational levels. Also, the role of IT in business and the responsibilities of IT functions were seen in varied ways. The punctuated socio-technical equilibrium model together with the constructs of Granovetter's social network theory offered insightful theoretical explanations for our findings.
Curve Fitting Methods
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sreehari , Bourbakis Nikolaos
Published: March 2017

The main idea of this paper is to provide an insight to the reader and create awareness on some of the basic Curve Fitting techniques that have evolved and existed over the past few decades. A critical survey has been done on the various Curve Fitting methodologies proposed by various Mathematicians and Researchers who had been working in the fields of Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition etc. to name a few over the past. Most of the methodologies that have evolved over time have their core structure derived from few significantly basic concepts and it is these basic concepts that have been tried to grasp through this survey and its tried to present the same as the essence of the survey. Note that the same physical variables may be named differently under different methodologies. The purpose was to maintain the originality of the work published by the original authors and this survey to only report their work as it is.
Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum “G. Doria” of Genoa, Italy
Authors: Bertè Davide Federico
Published: March 2017

Canis lupaster is a canid that lives in North Africa. In the past, this species was considered a subspecies of golden jackal (Canis aureus), a subspecies of wolf (Canis lupus), or a separated species. Since 2011 genetic data have demonstrated that C. lupaster is not a golden jackal and that it is more closely related to wolf lineage. The recent interest on C. lupaster lead to the publication of some papers on this topic, but the vast majority concerned genetic data. In this paper a morphological approach is presented. Twelve specimens, collected in Libya between 1926 and 1931 and now stored in the Natural History Museum of Genoa, are described here. C. lupaster is compared with the African golden jackal and with the wolf. MANOVA, PCA and discriminant analysis were performed. C. lupaster show many differences and is well separated both from wolf and from African golden jackal. Measures and ratios, that allow to rapidly recognise among these species, were identified. These ratios could be a useful tool for field researchers to quickly identify the correct species.
Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Primary Cardiac Leiomyosarcoma in a Latin American Patient
Authors: Blachman-Braun Ruben , Aboitiz-Rivera Carlos Manuel , Aranda-Fraustro Alberto , Ransom-Rodríguez Adrián , Baltazares-Lipp Mario Enrique , Catrip-Torres Jorge Manuel , Martínez-Reding Jesús Octavio
Published: March 2017

Primary cardiac malignancies are rare entities. Although sarcomas enclosed the main group of malignant heart neoplasms, primary cardiac leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare and constitutes less than 8% of cardiac tumors. Leiomyosarcoma usually originates from the pulmonary veins and have a worm-like shaped structure. In this article, we present a case of a 40-year-old Hispanic man diagnosed with a cardiac tumor who underwent surgical resection, during pathological examination the tissue samples were consistent with a malignancy of mesenchymal origin that contained irregular bundles of spindle cells. Subsequent immunohistochemical study categorized the mass as a primary heart leiomyosarcoma with positive smooth muscle actin and muscle specific actin. As usual in this type of malignancy, patient's clinical status declined overtime, recurrence was diagnosed two months after surgery, and four months after the procedure the patient was discharge for palliative care.
Assessing the effectiveness of invasive alien plant management in a large fynbos protected area
Authors: Kraaij Tineke , Baard Johan A. , Rikhotso Diba R. , Cole Nicholas S. , Van Wilgen Brian W.
Published: March 2017

Background: Concern has been expressed about the effectiveness of invasive alien plant (IAP) control operations carried out by Working for Water (WfW). South African legislation now also requires reporting on the effectiveness of IAP management interventions. Objectives: We assessed the effectiveness of IAP management practices in a large fynbos protected area, the Garden Route National Park, South Africa. Methods: We undertook field surveys of pre-clearing IAP composition and the quality of treatments applied by WfW during 2012–2015 in 103 management units, covering 4280 ha. We furthermore assessed WfW data for evidence of change in IAP cover after successive treatments, and adherence to industry norms. Results: Despite the development of detailed management plans, implementation was poorly aligned with plans. The quality of many treatments was inadequate, with work done to standard in only 23% of the assessed area. Problems encountered included (1) a complete absence of treatment application despite the payment of contractors (33% of assessed area); (2) treatments not being comprehensive in that select areas (38%), IAP species (11%) or age classes (8%) were untreated; (3) wrong choice of treatment method (9%); and (4) treatments not applied to standard (7%). Accordingly, successive follow-up treatments largely did not reduce the cover of IAPs. Inaccurate (or lack of) infield estimation of IAP cover prior to contract generation resulted in erroneous estimation of effort required and expenditure disparate with WfW norms. Conclusions: We advocate rigorous, compulsory, infield assessment of IAP cover prior to contract allocation and assessment of the quality of treatments applied prior to contractors’ payment. This should improve the efficiency of control operations and enable tracking of both the state of invasions and effectiveness of management.
Fungi and invasions in South Africa
Authors: Wood Alan R.
Published: March 2017

Background: Fungi are a major component of the functioning of all terrestrial ecosystems. Objectives: To increase awareness of fungi as drivers of ecosystem processes, including invasion biology. Method: Here, I reviewed the information available regarding fungal invasions of native ecosystems in South Africa in the context of the National Status Report on Biological Invasions. Results: Only seven fungal species are regulated as invaders (all category 1b) under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) AIS regulations. Four of these species are not yet known to occur in South Africa. Similarly, under the NEM:BA AIS regulations, two of the four species listed as prohibited (i.e. not present in the country but which would pose a threat if introduced) are already present in the country. The actual number of alien fungi in South Africa is much greater. A preliminary listing of alien fungal species is made, with a total of 9 pathogenic species known to attack indigenous plants, 11 saprotrophic species, 1 fish pathogen, 23 host-specific pathogens of listed alien terrestrial plants, 61 ectomycorrhizal species and 7 host-specific pathogens deliberately introduced as biological control agents. The majority of fungal species were introduced to South Africa most likely via the introduction of crop plants as passengers, although there are as yet very little details available on pathways of introduction into South Africa. Conclusion: For almost all aspects considered, it is concluded that there is simply not sufficient data to begin to understand the role and impact of fungal invasions in South Africa.
Optimising invasive fish management in the context of invasive species legislation in South Africa
Authors: Woodford Darragh J. , Ivey Phillip , Jordaan Martine S. , Kimberg Peter K. , Zengeya Tsungai , Weyl Olaf L.F.
Published: March 2017

Background: South Africa hosts a large number of non-native freshwater fishes that were introduced for various industries. Many of these species are now listed under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) Alien and Invasive Species (AIS) lists and regulations, though the practical options available to conservation agencies to effectively manage these fishes vary greatly among species and regions. Objectives methods: We assessed the history and status of national legislation pertaining to invasive freshwater fishes, and the practical implications of the legislation for managing different species with contrasting distributions, impacts and utilisation value. Results: The smallmouth bass, despite being a potential conflict-generating species, is fairly straightforward to manage based on current legislation. Two species of trout, which remain absent from the NEM:BA AIS lists because of ongoing consultation with stakeholders, continue to be managed in regions like the Western Cape province using existing provincial legislation. To maximise the limited capacity for management within conservation agencies, we proposed a decision-support tool that prioritises invasive fish populations that represent high environmental risk and low potential for conflict with stakeholders. Using three case studies, we demonstrated how the tool can be used to set management goals of ‘eradicate’, ‘manage against impacts and further spread’ and ‘continue to monitor population’ as the most pragmatic solutions given the state of an invasion, its socio-economic impact and the capacity of the responsible agency to act. Conclusion: By choosing a pragmatic management strategy, conservation agencies can maximise the effective deployment of limited resources, while minimising avoidable conflicts with stakeholders.