bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing-based deformation monitoring and geological characterisation of an active deep-seated rock slide (Tellakopf/Cima di Tella, South Tyrol, Italy)
Authors: Fey Christine , Rechberger Christina , Voit Klaus , Mair Volkmar , Zangerl Christian
Published: February 2023

This study presents a 5-year long field campaign combined with 75 years of remote sensing data on the active, deep-seated Tellakopf rock slide in South Tyrol, Italy. Detailed field data and remote sensing techniques from airborne and terrestrial laser scanning (ALS, TLS) and orthoimages from federal flight campaigns and a helicopter-based monitoring campaign, allowed the development of a geometrical-kinematical rock slide model to investigate the initial failure and temporal-variable deformation mechanisms. The rock compound slide formed in foliated, highly fractured metamorphic rock masses at the SE-facing Tellakopf slope, directly above the commuter-rich national road SS 41. A total volume of approximately 3–4 Mm3 was estimated based on geographic information system (GIS) analysis by comparing the pre-failure surface topography and the reconstructed basal shear zone. Multi-temporal deformation analyses based on orthoimages, ALS and TLS data show alarmingly high velocities of at least 9 m/month during the initial formation phase in 2014, followed by a continuous velocity reduction to the current mean annual values of 1–2.5 m/year. Results indicate internal slab formation along discrete shear zones displayed on surface as main and minor scarps. These slabs show a translational movement behaviour along a fully persistent, slightly curvilinear basal shear zone. Rock mass yielding and fracturing conditions extensive mass loss manifested by high rock fall activity and large rock scree deposits at the rock slide toe. The cause for rock slide formation is attributed to retrogressive processes caused by long-term stress release due to topographical and hydrogeological changes by adjacent rock slides.
Privacy-preserving data (stream) mining techniques and their impact on data mining accuracy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hewage U. H. W. A. , Sinha R. , Naeem M. Asif
Published: February 2023

This study investigates existing input privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM) methods and privacy-preserving data stream mining methods (PPDSM), including their strengths and weaknesses. A further analysis was carried out to determine to what extent existing PPDM/PPDSM methods address the trade-off between data mining accuracy and data privacy which is a significant concern in the area. The systematic literature review was conducted using data extracted from 104 primary studies from 5 reputed databases. The scope of the study was defined using three research questions and adequate inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the results of our study, we divided existing PPDM methods into four categories: perturbation, non-perturbation, secure multi-party computation, and combinations of PPDM methods. These methods have different strengths and weaknesses concerning the accuracy, privacy, time consumption, and more. Data stream mining must face additional challenges such as high volume, high speed, and computational complexity. The techniques proposed for PPDSM are less in number than the PPDM. We categorized PPDSM techniques into three categories (perturbation, non-perturbation, and other). Most PPDM methods can be applied to classification, followed by clustering and association rule mining. It was observed that numerous studies have identified and discussed the accuracy-privacy trade-off. However, there is a lack of studies providing solutions to the issue, especially in PPDSM.
Ergodic aspects of trading with threshold strategies
Authors: Lovas Attila , Rásonyi Miklós
Published: February 2023

To profit from price oscillations, investors frequently use threshold-type strategies where changes in the portfolio position are triggered by some indicators reaching prescribed levels. In this paper we investigate threshold-type strategies in the context of ergodic control. We make the first steps towards their optimization by proving ergodic properties of related functionals. Assuming Markovian price increments satisfying a minorization condition and (one-sided) boundedness we show, in particular, that for given thresholds, the distribution of the gains converges in the long run. We also extend recent results on the stability of overshoots of random walks from the i.i.d. increment case to Markovian increments, under suitable conditions.
Map Task Corpus of Heritage BCMS spoken by second-generation speakers in Switzerland
Authors: Lemmenmeier-Batinić Dolores , Batinić Josip , Escher Anastasia
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present a corpus for heritage Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian (BCMS) spoken in German-speaking Switzerland. The corpus consists of elicited conversations between 29 second-generation speakers originating from different regions of former Yugoslavia. In total, the corpus contains 30 turn-aligned transcripts with an average length of 6 min. It is enriched with extensive speakers’ metadata, annotations, and pre-calculated corpus counts. The corpus can be accessed through an interactive corpus platform that allows for browsing, querying, and filtering, but also for creating and sharing custom annotations. Principal user groups we address with this corpus are researchers of heritage BCMS, as well as students and teachers of BCMS living in diaspora. In addition to introducing the corpus platform and the workflows we adopted to create it, we also present a case study on BCMS spoken by a pair of siblings who participated in the map task, and discuss advantages and challenges of using this corpus platform for linguistic research.
Electrochemo-poromechanics of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites: Towards the Accurate Finite Element Modelling of Actuation and Sensing
Authors: Panteghini Andrea , Bardella Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) consist of an electroactive polymeric membrane, which is plated with metal electrodes and includes a fluid phase of ions in a solvent, whose diffusion allows for actuation and sensing applications. We build on a previous finite-deformation theory of our group that accounts for the cross-diffusion of ions and solvent and couples the mass balances of these species with the stress balance and the Gauss law. Here, we abandon the assumption that the fluid phase is a dilute solution, with benefits on both modelling and computation. A reliable finite element (FE) implementation of electrochemomechanical theories for IPMCs is challenging because the IPMC behaviour is governed by boundary layers (BLs) occurring in tiny membrane regions adjacent to the electrodes, where steep gradients of species concentrations occur. We address this issue by adopting the generalized FE method to discretise the BLs. This allows unprecedented analyses of the IPMC behaviour since it becomes possible to explore it under external actions consistent with applications, beside obtaining accurate predictions with a reasonable computational cost. Hence, we provide novel results concerning the influence of the membrane permittivity on the species profiles at the BLs. Additionally, by leveraging on the mobility matrix, we establish that the initial peak deflection in actuation strongly depends on the constitutive equations for the species transport and discuss the predictions of some experimental results from the literature. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to be an effective tool for the thorough analysis and design of IPMCs.
Quantification of endogenous phytochemicals and determination of their exogenous effects in somatic embryogenesis pathways of white and water yams
Authors: Ossai Chukwunalu O. , Balogun Morufat O. , Maroya Norbert G. , Sonibare Mubo A.
Published: February 2023

In vitro propagation of yam via organogenesis is constrained with low multiplication rate. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has shown rapid multiplication potentials in yam. However, it has not been adopted by practical seed system scenarios due to genotype specificity. Reports have shown that SE is regulated endogenously by phytochemicals, but this is yet to be elucidated for yam. This study identified, quantified endogenous, and evaluated effects of exogenous application of selected identified phytochemicals in yam SE. Callus was induced from in vitro axillary bud explants of three Dioscorea rotundata genotypes in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 9.1 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5.4 µM naphthaleneacetic acid. Plantlets were regenerated using MS medium containing 4.4 µM benzylaminopurine and 34.0 µM uniconazole-P. Endogenous phytochemicals associated with axillary bud, calluses, and plantlets were identified and quantified using GC/MS. Effect of selected identified phytochemicals on the genotypes was investigated in a 5 × 6 factorial in completely randomized design (r = 3). Data taken on plantlet regeneration was analyzed using ANOVA at α0.05. A total of 27, 22, and 35 phytochemicals were identified in Kpamyo, Ekiti2a, and Asiedu, respectively. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (36.4%, Kpamyo), Tris-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-arsane (59.3%, Ekiti2a), and 4-methyl-2-trimethylsililoxy-acetophenone (52.7%, Asiedu) were highest in callus. N-Methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide (31.8%, Kpamyo) and Tris-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-arsane (52.7%, Ekiti2a, Asiedu) were highest in plantlets while Tris-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-arsane (41.2%, Kpamyo), hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (55.8%, Ekiti2a), and erythro-9,10-dibromopentacosane (38.9%, Asiedu) were highest in axillary bud. Plantlet regeneration differed significantly among phytochemicals and ranged from 0.7 ± 0.3 (control) to 4.5 ± 0.5 (40.5 µM phenylacetic acid). Also, genotype × phytochemical interactions on number of plantlets regenerated were significant, and mean values ranged from 0.0 ± 0.0 (TDa2014, 4.8 µM decamethyltetrasiloxane) to 7.0 ± 1.7 (TDa2014, 40.5 µM phenylacetic acid). The application of 40.5 µM phenylacetic acid enhanced plantlet regeneration in Kpamyo and TDa2014 by 5.39% and 343.04%, respectively.
Trans-AI/DS: transformative, transdisciplinary and translational artificial intelligence and data science
Authors: Cao Longbing
Published: February 2023

After the many ups and downs over the past 70 years of AI and 50 years of data science (DS), AI/DS have migrated into their new age. This new-generation AI/DS build on the consilience and universology of science, technology and engineering. In particular, it synergizes AI and data science, inspiring Trans-AI/DS (i.e., Trans-AI, Trans-DS and their hybridization) thinking, vision, paradigms, approaches and practices. Trans-AI/DS feature their transformative (or transformational), transdisciplinary, and translational AI/DS in terms of thinking, paradigms, methodologies, technologies, engineering, and practices. Here, we discuss these important paradigm shifts and directions. Trans-AI/DS encourage big and outside-the-box thinking beyond the classic AI, data-driven, model-based, statistical, shallow and deep learning hypotheses, methodologies and developments. They pursue foundational and original AI/DS thinking, theories and practices from the essence of intelligences and complexities inherent in humans, nature, society, and their creations.
A Comparative Study, Prediction and Development of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Machine Learning on Patients Clinical Records
Authors: Hassan Md. Mehedi , Hassan Md. Mahedi , Mollick Swarnali , Khan Md. Asif Rakib , Yasmin Farhana , Bairagi Anupam Kumar , Raihan M. , Arif Shibbir Ahmed , Rahman Amrina
Published: February 2023

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a major problem in modern times, and it is dubbed the silent assassin due to its delayed signs. To overcome these critical issues, early identification may minimize the prevalence of chronic diseases, though it is quite difficult because of different kinds of limitations in the dataset. The novelty of our study is that we extracted the best features from the dataset in order to provide the best classification models for diagnosing patients with chronic kidney disease. In our study, we used CKD patients’ clinical datasets to predict CKD using some popular machine learning algorithms. After handling missing values, K-means clustering has been performed. Then feature selection was done by applying the XGBoost feature selection algorithm. After selecting features from our dataset, we have used a variety of machine learning models to determine the best classification models, including Neural Network (NN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Tree (RT), and Bagging Tree Model (BTM). Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Kappa values were used to evaluate model performance.
Pierrot/Lorca
Authors: Peral Vega Emilio
Published: February 2023

Peral Vega explores the importance of Pierrot as a symbol of failure in matters of love in Garcí­a Lorca's imagery and his literary and personal life.
Socioeconomic benefits and limited parent–offspring disagreement in arranged marriages in Nepal
Authors: Agey Elizabeth , Crippen Savannah , Wells Alyx , Upreti Parash
Published: February 2023

Mate preferences probably evolved to increase fitness; however, studies using arranged and non-arranged marriage as proxies for limited and free mate choice (respectively) do not find any reproductive differences. We explore why arranged and non-arranged marriages are an imperfect proxy for limited and free-choice matings and what fitness effects different marriage types could produce. Data from focus group discussions with men and women in Nepal show that there are three spouse choice categories with differing levels of parental influence over mate choice, reinforcing that arranged and non-arranged are not dichotomous. Discussions also show that parents and offspring, especially sons, may be more aligned in in-law/mate preferences than expected, demonstrating the need to establish clear domains of parent–offspring disagreement over spouse choice in the community before investigating fitness. Several social and financial benefits that are only available to arranged couples in this community were detected, and these benefits could compensate for any costs of not choosing a spouse independently. These benefits of arranged marriage are more salient for women than for men. These discussions indicate that predictions about the effects of spouse choice on fitness outcomes may differ for men and women and depend on community-specific socioeconomic benefits.
Shape sensitivity of the Hardy constant involving the distance from a boundary submanifold
Authors: Paschalis Miltiadis
Published: February 2023

We investigate the continuity and differentiability of the Hardy constant with respect to perturbations of the domain in the case where the problem involves the distance from a boundary submanifold. We also investigate the case where only the submanifold is deformed.
Turning performance in a moving
airstream
Authors: Eshelby M. E.
Published: February 2023

This paper develops the theory of turning flight in a
moving air mass to explain some of the problems
encountered in making downwind turns, particularly
in light aircraft. Although the basic mechanics of
flight and aerodynamics of the aircraft are well
understood, the methods used by the pilot to control
the aircraft in turning flight are less well
established and can be critical in maintaining a
safe flight path. In this paper the effect of the
control strategy likely to be employed by a pilot
flying close to the ground is used to show how the
energy loss during a turn can lead to an unsafe
flight path.
Optimal takeoff performance of a vectored
thrust aircraft
Authors: Avanzini G. , Matteis G. de
Published: February 2023

The optimal takeoff performance of a vectored thrust
V/Stol aircraft is analysed by a nonlinear
programming method based on a sequential
unconstrained minimisation technique. The study is
focused on ship operations which involve VTO and
ski-jump STO launches. Once the optimal ramp
geometry is determined, minimum-fuel and
minimum-time problems are solved. The optimal
control sequences are evaluated and the effects of
ship motion and atmospheric winds are discussed. A
microburst encounter following an STO launch is also
dealt with in terms of aircraft survival.
Unsteady aerodynamic loads on an aerofoil
with a deflecting tab
Authors: Narkiewicz J. P. , Ling A. , Done G. T. S.
Published: February 2023

A thin, low cambered aerofoil with a tab at the
trailing edge in inviscid, incompressible,
two-dimensional, unstalled flow with varying
freestream velocity and arbitrary, different motions
for both aerofoil and tab is considered. The general
expressions for unsteady lift and aerodynamic moment
on aerofoil and tab are derived within the
assumptions of potential theory.

To verify the approach proposed in this paper, the
classical Theodorsen case of an oscillating aerofoil
is adopted. For this case, aerofoil loads are
calculated in the time domain by applying an inverse
Laplace transformation to the approximation of the
lift deficiency function in the frequency
domain.

The comparison of the results calculated by this method
with those obtained by other methods and experiments
shows good agreement, which validates the general
formulation. The loads on an aerofoil having
different frequencies for main aerofoil pitch and
tab deflection are calculated.
Turbulent mixing in a free jet issuing from
a low aspect ratio contoured rectangular
nozzle
Authors: Quinn W. R.
Published: February 2023

The flow field of a turbulent free jet issuing from a
contoured rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 2 has
been studied experimentally, using hot-wire
anemometry. The study was undertaken to gain some
understanding of the mixing process within the jet.
Results of the measured and derived mean flow and
turbulence quantities are presented. The three
components of the mean velocity vector, the three
Reynolds normal stresses, the two Reynolds primary
shear stresses, and the flatness factor of the
streamwise fluctuating velocity were measured. Mass
entrainment, turbulence kinetic energy, and the
intermittency factor were derived from the mean
streamwise velocity data, the Reynolds normal stress
data, and the flatness factor data, respectively.
The derived results and the Reynolds primary shear
stress data indicate enhanced near-field mixing of
the present rectangular jet compared to a round
turbulent free jet. The mean streamwise velocity
field changes from a rectangular to an oval and then
to an approximately circular shape at about twenty
equivalent nozzle diameters downstream of the nozzle
exit plane.
A CFD evaluation of three prominent World
War II fighter aircraft
Authors: Lednicer D.
Published: February 2023

The results of a computational fluid dynamics analysis
of three prominent World War II fighter aircraft,
the Supermarine Spitfire, North American P-51
Mustang and Focke Wulf Fwl90 are presented. The goal
of this analysis was to learn the strengths and
weaknesses inherent in the aerodynamics of these
aircraft. Design features covered include
comparisons of the wing designs and calculated total
wetted areas along with a look at specific details
of the aerodynamics of each aircraft. This
information, while historical, still has relevance
in today's world of aircraft design.
Evolution of the high performance
glider
Authors: Welch Ann
Published: February 2023

Unlike commercial air transport and military aircraft,
the high performance glider was developed as an end
in itself so that individual pilots could achieve
extended flights using only energy present in the
air. From modest beginnings in the first two decades
of this century the best gliders available today are
able to fly 60 miles from a height of about 6000 ft
in no wind and without upcurrents. Using thermals
and other available lift in the air these gliders
are capable of flying a distance of 1000 miles in a
day. The realisation of such performance efficient
gliders was possible because the design problems
attracted top quality aerodynamicists. Germany led,
and still leads, because German universities saw, in
glider development, a fine training ground for young
aeronautical engineers — initially encouraged, of
course, by the Versailles Treaty which forbade the
manufacture of powered aircraft at the end of WW1.
Now superb gliders exist but because of their cost,
complexity and size they can be afforded and/or
flown by only a relatively small number of pilots.
This paper follows the historical development of
gliders, the arrival of hang gliders and paragliders
and considers the way forward for motorless
flight.
Recent advances in lifting surface
methods
Authors: Liu D. D. , Chen P. C. , Yao Z. X. , D. Sarhaddi
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in two lifting surface methods are
reported. The present subsonic constant pressure
method improves upon the program robustness of the
doublet lattice method. The present unified
supersonic-hypersonic method extends the range of
applicability of lifting surface theory to the
Newtonian limit. Based on a uniformly-valid series
formulation, the method accurately approximates the
non-linear thickness effect, whereas this effect is
neglected by the linear theory and overestimated by
piston theory. In fact, the present results
generally agree well with the trends of several
Euler solutions. Among other findings, cases
computed by the unified method confirm that the
effect of thickness is to reduce the supersonic
flutter speed.
Optimisation techniques for a
unidimensional structure in idealised critical
flutter conditions
Authors: Tizzi S.
Published: February 2023

The paper is focuses on the study of the profile
optimisation of a unidimensional structure in
idealised critical flutter conditions. The problem
has been addressed already by other authors, but
here an original technique is used to search for
some variables at the left hand end of a simply
supported vibrating beam, the knowledge of which is
necessary for the numerical integration of the
governing equations. Additionally, the frequency is
considered as a control parameter. A composite
orthotropic symmetric panel with four layers is
considered and the optimised profiles of all the
structural components determined.
The automatic interpretation of vibration
data from gas turbines
Authors: Allwood R.J. , King S.P. , Pitts N.J.
Published: February 2023

A knowledge-based computer system has been developed to
automatically scan and interpret graphical displays
of vibration data taken from strain gauges mounted
on the blades of gas turbines performing
acceleration tests. The various characteristic lines
which appear on these displays are recognised and
classified and the lines representing modes of
vibration are examined to determine which mode is
being excited and the severity of the excitation.
All lines are compared, by a “blackboard” technique,
against those predicted by the system working from
the engine specification, laboratory tests and
finite element analyses. Any unexpected features are
reported for manual inspection.

Several series of tests have now been made on the
system. In the first test on 130 diagrams, every one
of over 3000 features visible to the human eye was
detected and then classified.
Avionics, systems design and
simulation
Authors: Allerton D. J.
Published: February 2023

The paper reviews the developments in avionics over the
last seventy years, focusing on the impact of
computer technology during the last ten years. The
development of aircraft navigation systems is
described, including present day satellite
navigation and terrain reference navigation. The
techniques used in aircraft displays are outlined
including CRTs and LCDs and covering head up
displays, helmet mounted displays and synthetic
displays. The systems architecture which forms the
basis of modem avionics is described, covering the
major aircraft databuses in use including recent
developments in integrated modular avionics.
Developments in real-time software, which has become
a major cost in many programmes, are covered,
leading to the techniques used to ensure aircraft
reliability, particularly fault tolerant
architectures and also safety systems for health
monitoring and recent research in ‘pilot
associates'. The paper also summarises developments
in flight control systems for both civil and
military aircraft. The paper concludes with a brief
review of future developments in avionics,
speculating on the role of pilot in future
aircraft.
Manufacturing technology development for
aerospace composite structures
Authors: Mills A.R.
Published: February 2023

Over the past 20 years, the issue of manufacturing
large composite structures has been intensively
addressed. Military aircraft have seen ambitious
developments which have been transferred
successfully into production. Large commercial
aircraft have seen less ambitious developments
productionised at relatively high cost when compared
to aluminium. This paper reviews developments in
these sectors. Outstanding issues for affordable
manufacture of large composite structures are
discussed with reference to current design and
manufacturing research programmes.
Assessment of non-methyl eugenol-responding lines of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) males on lure response and mating
Authors: Mandanayake Mandanayake A. R. A. , Hee Alvin K. W.
Published: February 2023

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major global pest of fruits. Currently, the sequential male annihilation technique, followed by the sterile insect technique has been used to significantly reduce the population of feral males in this species. However, issues with sterile males being killed by going to male annihilation traps have reduced the efficacy of this approach. The availability of males that are non-methyl eugenol-responding would minimize this issue and increase the efficacy of both approaches. For this, we recently established two separate lines of non-methyl eugenol-responding males. These lines were reared for 10 generations and in this paper, we report on the assessment of males from these lines in terms of methyl eugenol response and mating ability. We saw a gradual decrease in non-responders from ca. 35 to 10% after the 7th generation. Despite that, there were still significant differences until the 10th generation in numbers of non-responders over controls using laboratory strain males. We did not attain pure isolines of non-methyl eugenol-responding males, so we used non-responders from the 10th generation of those lines as sires to initiate two reduced-responder lines. Using these reduced responder flies, we found that there was no significant difference in mating competitiveness when compared with control males. Overall, we suggest that it may be possible to establish lines of low or reduced responder males to be used for sterile release programs, that could be applied until the 10th generation of rearing. Our information will contribute to the further development of an increasingly successful management technique incorporating the use of SIT alongside MAT to contain wild populations of B. dorsalis.
The fragmentation of international investment and tax dispute settlement: A good idea?
Authors: García Olmedo Javier
Published: February 2023

The international investment and tax law regimes are undergoing a process of significant reforms that seek to address existing shortcomings of the mechanisms used for the resolution of investment and tax treaty disputes. These reforms show that policymakers are gradually adopting a fragmented approach towards dispute settlement in both fields, with the establishment of different and unco-ordinated mechanisms. This article argues that, instead of fragmenting investment and tax dispute settlement, states should consider establishing a more unified and coherent framework in order to more adequately mitigate the concerns raised in each field.
The production preferences and priming effects of Dutch passives in Arabic/Berber–Dutch and Turkish–Dutch heritage speakers
Authors: van Lieburg Rianne , Hartsuiker Robert , Bernolet Sarah
Published: February 2023

Cross-linguistic structural priming effects suggest that bilinguals have shared or connected memory representations for similar syntactic structures. This predicts an influence of the production preferences of one language in the other language (Bernolet & Hartsuiker, 2018). We hypothesized that shared structures will lead to a facilitatory effect on production frequencies, whereas connected structures may sometimes lead to an inhibitory effect due to competition between structures. We compared the production preferences and priming effects in Dutch for the frequent by-phrase-final and the uncommon by-phrase-medial passive between Arabic/Berber–Dutch and Turkish–Dutch heritage speakers and native speakers of Dutch. Arabic/Berber–Dutch speakers produced more agentless passives –that is, the alternative shared between their two languages. In contrast, Turkish–Dutch speakers produced less by-phrase-medial passives, although these are less uncommon in Turkish. This inhibition effect suggests that syntactic structures may sometimes be connected rather than shared, although the exact mechanisms behind the inhibitory effects require further research.
Feminist Protest Action in Kenya: Lessons and Directions
Authors: Okech Awino
Published: February 2023

This essay historicizes feminist protests in Kenya over the last decade to examine the changing patterns of protest action and how they illustrate the evolution of both feminist discourses and sites within which these debates are animated. I look beyond the streets and direct action as the epitome of protest action to examine strategic litigation, hashtag activism, and national campaigns as important ways through which feminist protest can be understood in Kenya, focusing on three recent cases.
Centering Feminists and Feminism in Protests in Africa
Authors: Dieng Rama Salla , Haastrup Toni , Kang Alice J.
Published: February 2023

In recent years, struggles for justice, peace, and democracy around the world have been articulated through protests. Whether in Iran, Nigeria, Poland, Senegal, Tunisia, or the United States, this form of political participation challenges the status quo. Rising forms of autocratic rule, democratic backsliding, and right-wing populism underscore the urgency of protesters’ demands. Often overlooked in mainstream accounts, however, is the role of feminists in driving forward liberatory demands for new social contracts (Sen and Durano 2014). One recent example of this is the role that the Feminist Coalition played in the Nigerian #EndSARS protests, mobilizing against years of police brutality and impunity (Nwakanma 2022). Confronted with physical harm and even death, these feminists and their fellow protesters have strategized and theorized a vision for a better world (Nazneen and Okech 2021; Tamale 2020).
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a psychological intervention in the treatment of ARFID for children and young people
Authors: Howard Maxine , Hembry Pippa , Rhind Charlotte , Siddall Amy , Uddin Mohammed Fahim , Bryant-Waugh Rachel
Published: February 2023

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a condition characterised by a disturbance in eating behaviour that leads to a significant negative impact on physical, social and nutritional health. The diagnosis of ARFID relies on a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary assessment to understand the individual’s history, physical, social and mental health risk, and any co-occurring mental health difficulties. Consensus guidance suggests that psychological treatment, alongside medical and dietetic input is delivered with consideration of any appropriate adaptions to accommodate developmental stage and/or common co-occurring presentations. This paper has been authored by clinicians working in an out-patient setting for children and adolescents with ARFID, and focuses on the presentation and assessment of ARFID and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches that can help children, young people and their families. After an introductory section, the paper is split into four sections: assessment of ARFID; drivers of avoidant restrictive eating behaviour; multi-disciplinary formulation and intervention planning; and treatment. The treatment section provides an overview of the available research on CBT for ARFID, and a brief summary of the broader evidence base for CBT in children and young people with anxiety. Following a review of the evidence base, three case descriptions are provided to illustrate the clinical application of CBT where fear-based avoidance is the main driver. The paper concludes with practice points for clinicians to take forward when working with children and young people with ARFID.

Key learning aims

(1)

To be aware of the international consensus for the use of psychological interventions as a component of ARFID treatment alongside medical and dietetic input.

(2)

To understand that ARFID is characterised as a disturbance of eating behaviour, and as such, psychological intervention should target the drivers of this disturbance to promote behavioural change.

(3)

To gain an overview of the multi-disciplinary team assessment as an important tool to understand the contribution of each of the three drivers proposed to underpin an ARFID presentation.

(4)

To recognise when a CBT approach might be indicated, the current best evidence base for CBT for ARFID and how to adapt CBT to accommodate developmental stage and/or common co-occurring presentations.
Same Question, Different Answers?
Authors: Speckmann Felix , Wingen Tobias
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Psychological scientists increasingly study web data, such as user ratings or social media postings. However, whether research relying on such web data leads to the same conclusions as research based on traditional data is largely unknown. To test this, we (re)analyzed three data sets, thereby comparing web data with laboratory and online survey data. We calculated correlations across these different data sets (Study 1) and investigated identical, illustrative research questions in each data set (Studies 2–4). Our results suggest that web and traditional data are not fundamentally different and usually lead to similar conclusions, but also that it is important to consider differences between data types such as populations and research settings. Web data can be a valuable tool for psychologists when accounting for such differences, as it allows for testing established research findings in new contexts, complementing them with insights from novel data sources.
Sources of Inter‐Model Diversity in the Strength of the Relationship Between the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Yu Shi‐Yun , Fan Lei , Zheng Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Yu , Zhou Zhen‐Qiang , Li Ziguang
Published: February 2023

Using 51 models of the AMIP and historical experiments of CMIP6, we investigate the inter‐model diversity of atmospheric and coupled models in the strength of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR)–El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship. In atmospheric models, the Walker Circulation (WC) intensity associated with the western Pacific convective activity is most responsible for the inter‐model diversity. Models with strong WC have a strong ISMR–ENSO relationship via enhancing ENSO‐induced anomalies of the WC and monsoon circulation. The secondary source is the monsoon circulation differences associated with meridional rainfall contrast over the Indian monsoon region. In coupled models, the primary (secondary) source is the ENSO amplitude (WC intensity). In observation, the decadal variation of WC can also explain the changes in the ISMR–ENSO relationship. This study provides a basis for improving the model performance and advances our understanding of the observed ISMR–ENSO relationship changes.
A Rapid Intensification Warning Index for Tropical Cyclones Based on the Analog Method
Authors: Lu Deyu , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhong Quanjia , Mao Jiangyu , Zou Qian , Li Jianping
Published: February 2023

Prediction of the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains challenging. In this paper, by using information from the early period following TC formation, the rapid intensification warning index (RIWI) is developed based on the analog method. A 10‐year cross‐validation and data from Hurricane Ida (2021) are used to verify its potential application. Results show that the RIWI can efficiently discriminate between RI and non‐RI storms and has a significant positive correlation with the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of the TCs. By using this index, an early warning can be issued ∼30 hr before the onset of RI, which is much earlier than the predictions made using the probabilistic Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction System RI index. In addition, by using the RIWI as a predictor, the prediction of LMI provides an early estimate of TC severity.
Cell aggregation is associated with enzyme secretion strategies in marine polysaccharide-degrading bacteria
Authors: D’Souza Glen , Ebrahimi Ali , Stubbusch Astrid , Daniels Michael , Keegstra Johannes , Stocker Roman , Cordero Otto , Ackermann Martin
Published: February 2023

Polysaccharide breakdown by bacteria requires the activity of enzymes that degrade polymers either intra- or extra-cellularly. The latter mechanism generates a localized pool of breakdown products that are accessible to the enzyme producers themselves as well as to other organisms. Marine bacterial taxa often show marked differences in the production and secretion of degradative enzymes that break down polysaccharides. These differences can have profound effects on the pool of diffusible breakdown products and hence on the ecological dynamics. However, the consequences of differences in enzymatic secretions on cellular growth dynamics and interactions are unclear. Here we study growth dynamics of single cells within populations of marine Vibrionaceae strains that grow on the abundant marine polymer alginate, using microfluidics coupled to quantitative single-cell analysis and mathematical modelling. We find that strains that have low extracellular secretions of alginate lyases aggregate more strongly than strains that secrete high levels of enzymes. One plausible reason for this observation is that low secretors require a higher cellular density to achieve maximal growth rates in comparison with high secretors. Our findings indicate that increased aggregation increases intercellular synergy amongst cells of low-secreting strains. By mathematically modelling the impact of the level of degradative enzyme secretion on the rate of diffusive oligomer loss, we find that enzymatic secretion capability modulates the propensity of cells within clonal populations to cooperate or compete with each other. Our experiments and models demonstrate that enzymatic secretion capabilities can be linked with the propensity of cell aggregation in marine bacteria that extracellularly catabolize polysaccharides.
Organoids and organs-on-chips: insights into predicting the efficacy of systemic treatment in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Jialong , Ji Linlin , Chen Yitian , Li Huiyu , Huang Mengxi , Dai Zhe , Wang Jing , Xiang Dan , Fu Gongbo , Lei Zengjie , Chu Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2023

Cancer heterogeneity has posed a great challenge to traditional cancer treatment, with the reappearance of cancer heterogeneity of inter and intra patients being especially critical. Based on this, personalized therapy has emerged as significant research focus in recent and even future years. Cancer-related therapeutic models are developing, including cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, organoids, etc. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models emerged in the past dozen years and are able to reproduce the cellular and molecular composition of the original tumor. These advantages demonstrate the great potential for patient-derived organoids to develop personalized anticancer therapies, including preclinical drug screening and the prediction of patient treatment response. The impact of microenvironment on cancer treatment cannot be underestimated, and the remodeling of microenvironment also allows organoids to interact with other technologies, among which organs-on-chips is a representative one. This review highlights the use of organoids and organs-on-chips as complementary reference tools in treating colorectal cancer from the perspective of clinical efficacy predictability. We also discuss the limitations of both techniques and how they complement each other well.
Harmonized and Open Energy Dataset for Modeling a Highly Renewable Brazilian Power System
Authors: Deng Ying , Cao Karl-Kiên , Hu Wenxuan , Stegen Ronald , von Krbek Kai , Soria Rafael , Rochedo Pedro Rua Rodriguez , Jochem Patrick
Published: February 2023

Improvements in modelling energy systems of populous emerging economies are highly decisive for a successful global energy transition. The models used–increasingly open source–still need more appropriate open data. As an illustrative example, we take the Brazilian energy system, which has great potential for renewable energy resources but still relies heavily on fossil fuels. We provide a comprehensive open dataset for scenario analyses, which can be directly used with the popular open energy system model PyPSA and other modelling frameworks. It includes three categories: (1) time series data of variable renewable potentials, electricity load profiles, inflows for the hydropower plants, and cross-border electricity exchanges; (2) geospatial data on the administrative division of the Brazilian federal states; (3) tabular data, which contains power plant data with installed and planned generation capacities, aggregated grid network topology, biomass thermal plant potential, as well as scenarios of energy demand. Our dataset could enable further global or country-specific energy system studies based on open data relevant to decarbonizing Brazil’s energy system.
ANFIS-based forming limit prediction of stainless steel 316 sheet metals
Authors: Zhang Mingxiang , Meng Zheng , Shariati Morteza
Published: February 2023

Effect of microstructure on the formability of the stainless sheet metals is a major concern for engineers in sheet industries. In the case of austenitic steels, existence of strain-induced martensite ($${\alpha }^{^{\prime}}$$

α

′

-martensite) in their micro structure causes considerable hardening and formability reduction. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the formability of AISI 316 steels with different intensities of martensite via experimental and artificial intelligence methods. In the first step, AISI 316 grade steels with 2 mm initial thicknesses are annealed and cold rolled to various thicknesses. Subsequently, the relative area of strain-induced martensite are measured using metallography tests. Formability of the rolled sheets are determined using hemisphere punch test to obtain forming limit diagrams (FLDs). The data obtained from experiments were further utilized to train and validate an artificial neural fuzzy interfere system (ANFIS). After training the ANFIS, predicted major strains by the neural network are compared to a new set experimental results. The results indicate that cold rolling has unfavorable effects on the formability of this type of stainless steels while significantly strengthens the sheets. Moreover, the ANFIS exhibits satisfactory results in comparison to the experimental measurements.
Catalyst free one pot three components synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles from nitroepoxides and thiourea
Authors: Badali Elham , Ziyaei Halimehjani Azim , Habibi Azizollah
Published: February 2023

Nitroepoxides were introduced as efficient substrates for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles under catalyst-free conditions. Reaction of amines, isothiocyanates, and nitroepoxides in THF at 10–15 °C afforded corresponding 2-iminothiazoles in high to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds via the in situ formation of thiourea from an amine and an isothiocyanate, followed by nitroepoxide ring opening with the sulfur of thiourea, cyclization reaction, and dehydration cascade. The structures of products were confirmed by IR, NMR, HRMS analyses and X-ray crystallography.
Amphiphilic dendrimers against antibiotic resistance: light at the end of the tunnel?
Authors: Galanakou Christina , Dhumal Dinesh , Peng Ling
Published: February 2023

With the alarming and prevailing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) comes an urgent need for novel biocompatible antimicrobial agents that are not only effective and robust but also do not induce resistance development
Nature-inspired compositional control of transition-metal-doped ammoniotinsleyite and spheniscidite particles for design of color hue
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroaki , Nagoshi Daisuke , Nagasu Yuki
Published: February 2023

Leucophosphite-group ammoniotinsleyite and spheniscidite particles were prepared via a hydrothermal route. The color hues of the particles were controlled by transition-metal doping, i.e., with Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ ions.
Accelerated screening and assembly of promising MOFs with open Cu sites for isobutene/isobutane separation using a data-driven approach
Authors: Sun Xi , Lin Wangqiang , Jiang Kun , Liang Heng , Chen Guanghui
Published: February 2023

High-throughput screening and assembly of MOFs with Cu-OMS on the isobutene/isobutane separation.
Engineering giant excitonic coupling in bioinspired, covalently bridged BODIPY dyads
Authors: Ansteatt Sara , Uthe Brian , Mandal Bikash , Gelfand Rachel S. , Dunietz Barry D. , Pelton Matthew , Ptaszek Marcin
Published: February 2023

Series of BODIPY dyads featuring both through-space and through-bond electronic coupling is reported. The degree of electronic interactions depends on the linker used and the strongest one is achieved for diethynylmaleimide linker.
Microfabricated acoustofluidic membrane acoustic waveguide actuator for highly localized in-droplet dynamic particle manipulation
Authors: Vachon Philippe , Merugu Srinivas , Sharma Jaibir , Lal Amit , Ng Eldwin J. , Koh Yul , Lee Joshua E.-Y. , Lee Chengkuo
Published: February 2023

An electrically actuated micron-sized membrane guides traveling mechanical waves to precisely and dynamically control particles in a fluid droplet.
AgNPs supported over porous organic polymers for the fixation of CO2 on propargyl alcohols and amines under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Roy Amitesh , Haque Najirul , Chatterjee Ritayan , Biswas Surajit , Bhaumik Asim , Sarkar Mitali , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: February 2023

Silver nanoparticle embedded POP was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates and acyclic carbamates via CO2 fixation under mild conditions.
One-pot cascade reactions for the synthesis of dinitroalkanes in aqueous buffer
Authors: Stewart Kelsey N. , Hawkins Kendyll G. , Andersen Campbell M. , Domaille Dylan W.
Published: February 2023

A one-pot combination of biocatalysis and organocatalysis converts aliphatic alcohols to dinitroalkanes in mild conditions at room temperature.