bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A unique case of diagnosis of a heterotopic pregnancy at 26 weeks – case report and literature review
Authors: Kajdy Anna , Muzyka-Placzyńska Katarzyna , Filipecka-Tyczka Dagmara , Modzelewski Jan , Stańczyk Marek , Rabijewski Michał
Published: January 2021

Background

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare condition when at least two pregnancies are present simultaneously at different implantation sites and only one located in the uterine cavity. The majority of cases are diagnosed in the first trimester.

Case presentation

We present a unique case of HP diagnosed at 26 weeks of spontaneous pregnancy in a patient without any relevant risk factors. We performed an extensive review of HP cases from MEDLINE (PUBMED) published in English between 2005-2019 to prove this case's uniqueness.

A 24-year-old woman presented because of threatened preterm birth. Despite treatment, pain aggravated, without progression of labor. An emergency ultrasound exam revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Suspicion of active bleeding prompted the medical team to perform an exploratory laparotomy. The surgery team found a ruptured heterotopic pregnancy. This was an unexpected cause of nontraumatic hemoperitoneum at such advanced gestational age. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the intrauterine pregnancy continued to term.

The final review included 86 out of 124 records. A total number of 509 cases were identified, but not all of them had complete data. The maximum reported gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 16 weeks of pregnancy, while our case became symptomatic and was diagnosed at 26 weeks of pregnancy.

Conclusions

Regardless of pregnancy age, HP can be a cause of hemoperitoneum, and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in the second trimester.
Breastfeeding, prenatal depression and children’s IQ and behaviour: a test of a moderation model
Authors: Amiel Castro Rita , Glover Vivette , Ehlert Ulrike , O’Connor Thomas G.
Published: January 2021

Background

We aimed to determine the associations between breastfeeding and children’s neurodevelopment indexed by intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional and behavioural problems through mid-childhood adjusting for prenatal and postnatal depression and multiple confounders; and to test the novel hypothesis that breastfeeding may moderate the effects of prenatal depression and anxiety on children’s neurodevelopment.

Methods

The study is based on women and their children from the longitudinal Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=11,096). Children’s IQ was derived from standardized in-person testing; behaviour problems were assessed according to parent-report; information on breastfeeding, prenatal depression and anxiety and multiple confounders were derived from self-report questionnaires. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression adjusting for several covariates.

Results

43% women were exclusively breastfeeding at 1 month and an additional 16.8% were engaged in mixed or partial breastfeeding. Both exclusive breastfeeding (B = 2.19; SD = 0.36, p =.00) and mixed feeding (B = 1.59; SD= 0.52; p=.00) were positively associated with IQ at 8 years of age, after adjusting for covariates. Exclusive breastfeeding was negatively associated with hyperactivity/attention deficit at 4 years (B = −.30, SD = .05; p < .01); mixed feeding was related to hyperactivity/attention deficit at age 9 (B = .20; SD = .08; p = .03) after adjustments. There was no association between breastfeeding and emotional or conduct problems. Breastfeeding did not moderate the association between prenatal depression and anxiety and children’s neurodevelopment.

Conclusions

The selective association between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental measures suggests a nutritional rather than broader beneficial psychological effect on child neurodevelopment. Breastfeeding did not moderate the associations between prenatal depression and anxiety and child neurodevelopment, suggesting separate mechanisms of action.
Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka
Authors: Sathiadas M. G. , Antonyraja Annieston , Viswalingam Arunath , Thangaraja Kasthuri , Wickramasinghe V. P.
Published: January 2021

Background

Nutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage stratified proportionate cluster among healthy children attending schools in the Northern part of the country. Height and weight were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated [weight (kg)/Height (m) 2]. BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and Height for age Z (HAZ) scores were determined and WHO growth references were used to categorise the nutritional status. Correlation between various nutritional problems with Maternal education, household income, number of family members and the residential area was assessed.

Results

A total of 1012 children were recruited, and the mean age and standard deviation were 11.12±1.77 yrs. Girls in the age ranges of 9–14 were heavier and taller when compared to the boys compatible with the pubertal growth spurt. Stunting based on the height for age was seen in 10.9% of boys and 11.8% of girls. Wasting based on BMI for age WHO standard (WHO 2007) was seen in 30.6% of boys and 29.1% of the girls. The prevalence of overweight was 11% and Obesity was 6.3% of the population. Obesity was predominantly seen in boys (4.2%) and it was significantly higher when compared to the girls (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Obesity in older boys (> 10 years) was significantly more than the younger ones (p < 0.01). Maternal education and family income had a significant impact on the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity whereas the family size contributed to the wasting and obesity (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity are prevalent among 6–16-year-old leading to concerns in public health. The nutritional status significantly varies according to the geographical location, maternal education and the household income.
A new tool in percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Min , Cui Guanxing , Li Jing , Guo Zhiliang , Zhang Dahai , Teng Haijun , Lu Haijiang
Published: January 2021

Background

Percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation for odontoid fractures remains challenging due to the complex anatomy of the craniocervical junction. We designed a new guide instrument to help with the placement of guide wire, which have achieved satisfying surgical results. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new tool in percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation.

Methods

Twenty-nine patients with odontoid fracture were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation with the traditional guide instrument (n = 13) or the new guide instrument we designed (n = 16). The following clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups: operation time, radiograph times, incision length, blood loss, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative complications, bony union, fixation failure, and reoperation. Radiographs or CT scans were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results

There were no significant differences in preoperative demographic data between the two groups. The operation time (56.62 ± 8.32 Vs 49.63 ± 7.47,P = 0.025) and radiograph times (26.54 ± 6.94 Vs 20.50 ± 5.02,P = 0.011) of the designed guide instrument group were significantly lower than those of the traditional guide instrument group. There were no significant differences in incision length (16.08 ± 3.07 Vs 15.69 ± 2.73,P = 0.720), blood loss (16.08 ± 4.96 Vs 17.88 ± 5.98,P = 0.393), postoperative hospitalization (7.15 ± 1.91 Vs 6.88 ± 2.36,P = 0.734), postoperative complications (7.7% Vs 12.5%,P = 1), and bony union (92.3% Vs 93.8%,P = 1) between the two groups. No fixation failure or reoperation occurred in either group.

Conclusions

The top of our designed guide instrument is a wedge-shaped tip with 30° inclination, which has a large contact area with the anterior surface of the cervical vertebra. According to our retrospective study, the guide instrument can reduce the operation time and radiograph times. It has potential clinical value, which needs further testing with a higher level of research design.
Reconstruction of a secondary scalp defect using the crane principle and a split-thickness skin graft
Authors: Lu Yi , Chang Ke-Chung , Chang Che-Ning , Chang Dun-Hao
Published: January 2021

Background

Scalp reconstruction is a common challenge for surgeons, and there are many different treatment choices. The “crane principle” is a technique that temporarily transfers a scalp flap to the defect to deposit subcutaneous tissue. The flap is then returned to its original location, leaving behind a layer of soft tissue that is used to nourish a skin graft. Decades ago, it was commonly used for forehead scalp defects, but this useful technique has been seldom reported on in recent years due to the improvement of microsurgical techniques. Previous reports mainly used the crane principle for the primary defects, and here we present a case with its coincidental application to deal with a complication of a secondary defect.

Case report

We present a case of a 75-year-old female patient with a temporoparietal scalp squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). After tumor excision, the primary defect was reconstructed using a transposition flap and the donor site was covered by a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Postoperatively, the occipital skin graft was partially lost resulting in skull bone exposure. For this secondary defect, we applied the crane principle to the previously rotated flap as a salvage procedure and skin grafting to the original tumor location covered by a viable galea fascia in 1.5 months. Both the flap and skin graft healed uneventfully.

Conclusions

Currently, the crane principle is a little-used technique because of the familiarity of microsurgery. Nevertheless, the concept is still useful in selected cases, especially for the management of previous flap complications.
The Mitigating Toxic Stress study design: approaches to developmental evaluation of pediatric health care innovations addressing social determinants of health and toxic stress
Authors: McCrae Julie S. , Robinson Jo Ann L. , Spain Angeline K. , Byers Kaela , Axelrod Jennifer L.
Published: January 2021

Background

Health care administrators must establish and promote effective partnerships with community agencies to address social determinants of health, including reducing exposure of infants and young children to chronic stress. Because infants’ experiences are inextricably tied to their caregivers, an important target for mitigating “toxic” stress exposure in early childhood is through reducing parents’ experiences of chronic stress in addition to protecting children from direct experiences of harm such as physical or sexual abuse. Conducting screening to identify when children are exposed to early life adversity is a first step; connecting families to needed support services is an essential component to addressing identified challenges. This paper presents the methodology of a three-year study of health care systems innovations designed to engage and support parents of infants to prevent and mitigate children’s toxic stress exposures.

Methods

Key study features included: 1) multi-component study in five U.S. communities and nine pediatric health care clinics and the families they serve, 2) a developmental evaluation approach to describe how innovations are experienced over time at three levels—community systems, pediatric providers, and families, and 3) rapid cycle feedback conducted with communities, clinics and families to co-interpret data and findings. Data sources included: 1) focus groups and interviews with community stakeholders, clinic staff, and families, 2) electronic health record and Medicaid services data extracted to assess health care quality, utilization, and financial impact, and 3) clinic-recruitment of 908 parents of infants in a longitudinal survey. Results. The sample is briefly characterized based on responses to the enrollment phase of the parent survey.

Conclusions

We discuss the study design elements’ contribution to generating evidence needed by innovators, communities, and clinics to modify and sustain investments in these innovations to prevent or mitigate the effects of exposure to toxic stress on young children.
Feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) sourced from a termite hindgut and GH10 xylanases synergy improves degradation of arabinoxylan
Authors: Mafa Mpho S. , Malgas Samkelo , Pletschke Brett I.
Published: January 2021

Cereal feedstocks have high arabinoxylan content as their main hemicellulose, which is linked to lignin by hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid. The ferulic acid is linked to arabinoxylan by ester bonds, and generally, the high substitution of ferulic acid leads to a loss of activity of xylanases targeting the arabinoxylan. In the current study, a feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) from a termite hindgut bacteria was functionally characterised and used in synergy with xylanases during xylan hydrolysis. The FAE-1 displayed temperature and pH optima of 60 ℃ and 7.0, respectively. FAE-1 did not release reducing sugars from beechwood xylan (BWX), wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and oat spelt xylan (OX), however, displayed high activity of  164.74 U/mg protein on p-nitrophenyl-acetate (pNPA). In contrast, the GH10 xylanases; Xyn10 and XT6, and a GH11 xylanase, Xyn2A, showed more than two-fold increased activity on xylan substrates with low sidechain substitutions; BWX and OX, compared to the highly branched substrate, WAX. Interestingly, the FAE-1 and GH10 xylanases (Xyn10D and XT6) displayed a degree of synergy (DS) that was higher than 1 in all enzyme loading combinations during WAX hydrolysis. The 75%XT6:25%FAE-1 synergistic enzyme combination increased the release of reducing sugars by 1.34-fold from WAX compared to the control, while 25%Xyn10D:75%FAE-1 synergistic combination released about 2.1-fold of reducing sugars from WAX compared to controls. These findings suggest that FAE-1 can be used in concert with xylanases, particularly those from GH10, to efficiently degrade arabinoxylans contained in cereal feedstocks for various industrial settings such as in animal feeds and baking.
A differentially private distributed data mining scheme with high efficiency for edge computing
Authors: Sun Xianwen , Xu Ruzhi , Wu Longfei , Guan Zhitao
Published: January 2021

A wide range of data mining applications benefit from the low latency offered by edge computing. However, edge computing suffers from limited computing resources, which inhibits the applications of the computationally expensive data mining methods. In the edge-cloud environment, usually, the participants turn to collaboratively train machine-learning models that yield more accurate prediction results. However, data owners may not be willing to sharing the own data for the privacy concerns. To handle such disparate goals, we focus on tree-based distributed data mining scheme with differential privacy, which is computationally friendly. The basic idea of our approach is based on a distributed ensemble strategy. Each participant builds an elegant decision model based on their own data, which has a good tradeoff between the computation and the accuracy of the data distribution, and shares it with other participants after being injected with the elaborate noise. Then the useful knowledge transferred from the decision models is acquired by other participants in an adaptive ensemble strategy. Both the theoretical analysis and the experiments show that our scheme provides an efficient data mining manner that can achieve a good prediction accuracy while providing rigorous privacy guarantee over the distributed data.
Effectiveness of different types of mental simulation in the weight loss process based on a perseverance study among people with different BMI
Authors: Styk Wojciech , Zmorzyński Szymon , Klinkosz Waldemar
Published: January 2021

Background

Most of the world’s population lives in countries in which overweight and obesity kill more people than does underweight. The weight loss process can be supported by mental simulations, which are used to help individuals to effectively strive towards various goals. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different types of mental simulations on perseverance, resistance to distractors and the ability to inhibit irrelevant thoughts or memories in people with different body mass indexes (BMI).

Methods

The study included 252 participants. They performed process simulations and outcome simulations, using instructions presented to them during the experiment. Perseverance and resistance to distractors were determined using a computer maze-solving task. Two indicators of perseverance were analysed: number of maze tasks solved and total time spent on solving the test. Mean time spent on a single task was used as a measure of resistance to distractors and the ability to inhibit irrelevant thoughts and memories.

Results

The results of the analyses showed that the type of mental simulation used had an effect on the indicators of perseverance. Process simulation subjects completed more tasks and spent more time solving the test than outcome simulation subjects. A relationship was found between the subjects’ BMI and the investigated indicators. Individuals who were underweight, overweight or obese scored lower on all three indicators compared to subjects with normal BMI. In people with a BMI above normal, mental simulations increased resistance to distractors and the ability to inhibit thoughts sidetracking them from the task at hand. It is possible that increasing the resistance to distractors is responsible for the effectiveness of mental simulations in the weight loss process.

Conclusion

Our results can be applied in developing interventions for people who suffer from overweight and obesity. Psychological interventions based on mental simulations can be used to assist individuals in physical activity, leading to an improvement in health, but it has to be underlined that the mechanism of their action may vary from person to person.
Incidence and time-varying predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City
Authors: Ganley Karla Y. , Wilson-Barthes Marta , Zullo Andrew R. , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G. , Conde-Glez Carlos J. , García-Cisneros Santa , Lurie Mark N. , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Operario Don , Mayer Kenneth H. , Galárraga Omar
Published: January 2021

Background

Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico City.

Methods

From January 2012 to May 2014, male sex workers recruited from the largest HIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months. Incidence rates with 95% bootstrapped confidence limits were calculated. We examined potential time-varying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged model.

Results

Among 227 male sex workers, median age was 24 and baseline HIV prevalence was 32%. Incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were as follows: HIV [5.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15–10.31], chlamydia (5.15; 95%CI: 2.58–9.34), gonorrhea (3.93; 95%CI: 1.88–7.83), syphilis (13.04; 95%CI: 8.24–19.94), hepatitis B (2.11; 95%CI: 0.53–4.89), hepatitis C (0.95; 95%CI: 0.00–3.16), any STI except HIV (30.99; 95%CI: 21.73–40.26), and any STI including HIV (50.08; 95%CI: 37.60–62.55). In the multivariable-adjusted model, incident STI (excluding HIV) were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse (odds ratio = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.00–0.68) compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse.

Conclusions

Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico City. Consistent condom use is an important protective factor for STIs, and should be an important component of interventions to prevent incident infections.
Impact of multiple policy interventions on the screening and diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a cascade analysis on six prefectures in China
Authors: Ding Xiao-Yan , Mao Wen-Hui , Lu Wei , Yu Hao , Liu Qiao , Lu Peng , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xing , Lu Feng , Xu Jie , Zhong Chong-Qiao , Hu Jin-Liu , Jiang Wei-Xi , Guo Lei , Tang Sheng-Lan , Zhu Li-Mei
Published: January 2021

Background

The detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major health concern in China. We aim to summarize interventions related to the screening and detection of DR-TB in Jiangsu Province, analyse their impact, and highlight policy implications for improving the prevention and control of DR-TB.

Methods

We selected six prefectures from south, central and north Jiangsu Province. We reviewed policy documents between 2008 and 2019, and extracted routine TB patient registration data from the TB Information Management System (TBIMS) between 2013 and 2019. We used the High-quality Health System Framework to structure the analysis. We performed statistical analysis and logistic regression to assess the impact of different policy interventions on DR-TB detection.

Results

Three prefectures in Jiangsu introduced DR-TB related interventions between 2008 and 2010 in partnership with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Gates Foundation). By 2017, all prefectures in Jiangsu had implemented provincial level DR-TB policies, such as use of rapid molecular tests (RMT), and expanded drug susceptibility testing (DST) for populations at risk of DR-TB. The percentage of pulmonary TB cases confirmed by bacteriology increased from 30.0% in 2013 to over 50.0% in all prefectures by 2019, indicating that the implementation of new diagnostics has provided more sensitive testing results than the traditional smear microscopy. At the same time, the proportion of bacteriologically confirmed cases tested for drug resistance has increased substantially, indicating that the intervention of expanding the coverage of DST has reached more of the population at risk of DR-TB. Prefectures that implemented interventions with support from the Global Fund and the Gates Foundation had better detection performance of DR-TB patiens compared to those did not receive external support. However, the disparities in DR-TB detection across prefectures significantly narrowed after the implementation of provincial DR-TB polices.

Conclusions

The introduction of new diagnostics, including RMT, have improved the detection of DR-TB. Prefectures that received support from the Global Fund and the Gates Foundation had better detection of DR-TB. Additionally, the implementation of provincial DR-TB polices led to improvements in the detection of DR-TB across all prefectures.
Implications of Multigene Panel Testing on Psychosocial Outcomes: A Comparison of Patients With Pancreatic and Breast or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Koptiuch Cathryn , Espinel Whitney F. , Kohlmann Wendy K. , Zhao Jingsong , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for germline genetic testing have included pancreatic cancer in the context of additional family cancer history for many years but this was not recommended for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) independent of a family history until 2019. This hypothesis-generating study reports the results from multigene panel testing for PDAC patients at an academic medical center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This prospective longitudinal feasibility study examined responses to genetic counseling and multigene panel testing among PDAC and breast or ovarian cancer (BrOv) patients between October 2016 and November 2017. Pre- and post-test surveys assessed perceptions of genetic risk and testing, recall, comprehension, and emotional reactions to results using open-ended and closed-ended items.

RESULTS

Forty-six BrOv and 33 PDAC patients were enrolled, and 44 BrOv and 31 PDAC participants underwent genetic testing. Seven pathogenic variants were identified in six BrOv participants (13.6%), and three pathogenic variants were identified in three PDAC participants (9.7%). The majority of both cohorts expressed similar attitudes about the importance of genetic testing for their personal and family medical management and expressed accurate understanding of implications of their results. Although sample size was small, there were no significant differences between the BrOv and PDAC cohorts for positive or negative emotions.

CONCLUSION

This study points to high rates of positive emotions and low rates of negative emotions following genetic test results, suggesting that the emotional reactions to genetic test results are similar for patients with BrOv and PDAC, despite poor prognosis with PDAC diagnoses. Because of the unique needs of the PDAC population following diagnosis, a multidisciplinary approach to germline genetic testing following diagnosis may result in best patient and family member outcomes.
Prevalence and Spectrum of DICER1 Mutations in Adult-onset Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
Authors: Chong Anne-Sophie , Nikiforov Yuri E , Condello Vincenzo , Wald Abigail I , Nikiforova Marina N , Foulkes William D , Rivera Barbara
Published: January 2021

Context

DICER1 mutations are found in multinodular goiter and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children, and can be a manifestation of DICER1 syndrome, but the prevalence of DICER1 mutations and their significance in adult-onset thyroid nodules is unknown.

Objective

Determine (1) the prevalence of DICER1 hotspot mutations in thyroid nodules; (2) the frequency of a second DICER1 pathogenic variant in thyroid nodules with DICER1 hotspot mutations; (3) the prevalence of other thyroid cancer driver mutations in thyroid nodules with and without DICER1 hotspot mutations.

Methods

Population-based study of 14 993 consecutive fine needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules evaluated by ThyroSeq v3. From 214 DICER1 hotspot–positive cases, we selected 61, matched to DICER1 hotspot–negative nodules. We performed full sequencing of all exons and exon–intron boundaries of DICER1.

Setting

Commercial and university-based laboratories in the United States and Canada.

Results

Among 14 993 thyroid nodules, 214 (1.4%) revealed a DICER1 hotspot mutation. A second pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in DICER1 was found in 45/59 (76%) DICER1 hotspot–positive nodules studied while no other DICER1 variant was identified in the DICER1 hotspot–negative group by full DICER1 sequencing. Other alterations in thyroid-related genes were significantly more frequent in DICER1 hotspot–negative nodules (32/61) than in DICER1 hotspot-–positive nodules (4/59) (P < .0001).

Conclusion

DICER1 alterations occur in a proportion of adult thyroid nodules and appear mutually exclusive with alterations in other thyroid cancer–related genes. DICER1 hotspot mutations occur with a second hit in most cases and could suggest occult DICER1 syndrome in adults with thyroid nodules.
The Role of Mediobasal Hypothalamic PACAP in the Control of Body Weight and Metabolism
Authors: Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Ross Rachel A , Johnson David Q , Fenselau Henning , Haggerty David L , Atwood Brady , Lowell Bradford , Flak Jonathan N
Published: January 2021

Body energy homeostasis results from balancing energy intake and energy expenditure. Central nervous system administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) dramatically alters metabolic function, but the physiologic mechanism of this neuropeptide remains poorly defined. PACAP is expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), a brain area essential for energy balance. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) neurons contain, by far, the largest and most dense population of PACAP in the medial hypothalamus. This region is involved in coordinating the sympathetic nervous system in response to metabolic cues in order to re-establish energy homeostasis. Additionally, the metabolic cue of leptin signaling in the VMN regulates PACAP expression. We hypothesized that PACAP may play a role in the various effector systems of energy homeostasis, and tested its role by using VMN-directed, but MBH encompassing, adeno-associated virus (AAVCre) injections to ablate Adcyap1 (gene coding for PACAP) in mice (Adcyap1MBHKO mice). Adcyap1MBHKO mice rapidly gained body weight and adiposity, becoming hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic. Adcyap1MBHKO mice exhibited decreased oxygen consumption (VO2), without changes in activity. These effects appear to be due at least in part to brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysfunction, and we show that PACAP-expressing cells in the MBH can stimulate BAT thermogenesis. While we observed disruption of glucose clearance during hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp studies in obese Adcyap1MBHKO mice, these parameters were normal prior to the onset of obesity. Thus, MBH PACAP plays important roles in the regulation of metabolic rate and energy balance through multiple effector systems on multiple time scales, which highlight the diverse set of functions for PACAP in overall energy homeostasis.
Mανιφέστο των πρεσπών
Authors: Ζιώγας Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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Πλαίσιο, σύλληψη, σκέψεις
Authors: Αγγελή Μαρία Α.
Published: January 2021

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ΤΟ ΑΝΤΙΔΟΤΟ ΤΗΣ ΛΙΜΝΗΣ
Authors: Καριωτάκη Φωτεινή
Published: January 2021

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Περί συνόρων ενα πρόγραμμα διεπιστημονικών και διακαλλιτεχνικών δράσεων
Authors: Παναγιωτόπουλος Νίκος
Published: January 2021

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Το field των Πρεσπών ή η originalité του πεδίου II
Authors: Ζιώγας Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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Τα ηχοτοπία των Πρεσπών
Authors: Λώτης Θεόδωρος
Published: January 2021

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Tο Πάικο ως αφορμή
Authors: Ζιώγας Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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Παιδαγωγική Του Τόπου, Land Arts of the American West
Authors: Gilbert Bill
Published: January 2021

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ΟΙ ΕΙΚΑΣΤΙΚEΣ ΧΕΙΡΟΝΟΜΙΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΡΕΙΑΣ, Το έργο ως συμβάν
Authors: Ζιώγας Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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2013-2014 Διαδικασίας επιβίωσης, ΑΝΑΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΡΕΣΠΕΣ, ΤΗΝ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΪΔΑ, ΤΟ ΜΟΣΧΟΧΩΡΙ
Authors: Ζιώγας Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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Κατασκευή πλιθιών, μια ξεχασμένη γνώση
Authors: Γεωργαντά Αγγέλα
Published: January 2021

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ΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΗ, Από την προσωπική στην επιστημονική έρευνα
Authors: Πέτσινη Πηνελόπη
Published: January 2021

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The disconnect between researcher ambitions and reality in achieving impact in the Earth & Environmental Sciences – narrowing the gap
Authors: Kelly Andrew , Gardner Victoria , Gilbert Anna
Published: January 2021

Background: There is an increasing desire for research to provide solutions to the grand challenges facing our global society, such as those expressed in the UN SDGs (“real-world impact”). Herein, we consider whether the frameworks that underpin the research endeavour are appropriately oriented to support these aspirations and maximize the capability of research to achieve these goals.

Methods: We conducted a survey of authors who had published in >100 of our Earth & Environmental Science journals. The survey was sent to just under 60,000 authors and we received 2,695 responses (4% response rate).  

Results: Respondents indicated that the majority of their research in the Earth & Environmental Sciences is currently concerned with addressing urgent global needs or that this will become a priority in the future; however, the impetus seems to be altruistic researcher desire, rather than incentives or support from publishers, funders, or their institutions. Indeed, when contextualised within other forms of impact, respondents indicated that citations or downloads were more important to them than contributing to tackling real-world problems. Herein, we analyse survey feedback, suggest the presence of a misalignment between researcher ambition and current realities, and discuss the role and value of the research journal in forming new connections for their researchers, both within and without academia.

Conclusions: At present, it seems that this laudable ambition of achieving real-world impact is seemingly being lost amidst the realities of being a researcher. We offer for comment a series of suggestions, with the aim of simulating discussion and collective action to tackle these challenges as a community.
Nonadditive Multiattribute Utility Functions for Portfolio Decision Analysis
Authors: Liesiö Juuso , Vilkkumaa Eeva
Published: January 2021

Axiomatic Foundations for Nonadditive Multiattribute Portfolio Utility Functions
UM EXEMPLO DE PESQUISA-AÇÃO NA INSERÇÃO DA FÍSICA MODERNA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Campos Lidiane Benites , Porto Claudio Maia , Cruz Frederico Alan de Oliveira , Porto Maria Beatriz Dias da Silva Maia
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um exemplo de inserção de conteúdos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea no ensino de Física da Educação Básica. A partir de uma abordagem CTS, que acentua o caráter significativo do conhecimento, evidenciando suas relações com os vários aspectos da organização social, e da metodologia da Pesquisa-ação, foi elaborada uma sequência didática a respeito do tema “Energia Nuclear”, na verdade como subtema do tópico mais amplo dos processos de geração de energia elétrica. Apresentamos os elementos essenciais da sequência e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma turma do 2a ano do Ensino Médio de um colégio público estadual, localizado no município de Angra dos Reis, RJ, valendo-nos do fato de que lá se situam as usinas nucleares brasileiras, reforçando assim o caráter contextualizador da abordagem.
O RIO GRANDE DO NORTE COMO CONTEÚDO NA DISCIPLINA DE GEOGRAFIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Sousa Patrícia Tâmara da Silva , Silva Cícero Nilton Moreira da
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre os conteúdos de Geografia no Ensino Médio, e apresenta um recorte da dissertação “Geografia escolar: o Rio Grande do Norte como conteúdo no Ensino Médio”, defendida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino (PPGE) pela Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN). Discutimos sobre a possibilidade e necessidade de conceber o Rio Grande do Norte como conteúdo geográfico. Buscamos analisar discussões teóricas e concepções de ensino que situem o RN no cerne das abordagens dos conteúdos de Geografia em 02 (duas) escolas públicas estaduais de Ensino Médio, no município de Pau dos Ferros/RN. Para tanto, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, estudo documental e entrevista semi-estruturada com os professores de Geografia. A pesquisa apontou que as abordagens sobre o RN na disciplina de Geografia são pouco visíveis, exceto as aulas de campo, que trouxeram visibilidade e valorização aos conteúdos acerca da Geografia norte-rio-grandense.
Critical care management of the patient with an acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Mullhi Randeep K , Singh Naginder , Veenith Tonny
Published: January 2021

Acute ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the UK alone, there are more than 100 000 strokes per year, causing 38 000 deaths. While the incidence remains high, there has been significant medical progress in reducing mortality following a stroke. Admission of patients to specialised stroke units has led to an improvement in clinical outcomes, but the role of intensive care is less well defined. This article reviews the current critical care management and neuro-therapeutic options after an acute ischaemic stroke.
Interpretation of the endocrinology of hospital inpatients
Authors: Hanafy Ahmed , Seejore Khyatisha , Lynch Julie , Murray Robert D
Published: January 2021

Blood tests to assess the endocrine system are commonly performed in patients admitted to hospital. This may be because an endocrinopathy is thought to be aetiological in the presenting disease or suspected as an incidental occurrence by the clinician. Many patients, in addition to the pathology leading to admission, frequently have one or more comorbidities, a change in nutritional status and polypharmacy. Added to this, presentation with acute illness is a major life stress. All of these are likely to impact on one or more endocrine axes, although often only transiently. Endocrine evaluation in the vast majority of cases can be safely deferred to the outpatient setting. This article considers the most common endocrine anomalies discovered in hospital, the confounders, and provides guidance on how to investigate these further.
The economic value of Canada’s National Capital Green Network
Authors: L'Ecuyer-Sauvageau Chloé , Dupras Jérôme , He Jie , Auclair Jeoffrey , Kermagoret Charlène , Poder Thomas G.
Published: January 2021

The lack of information on the value of ecosystems contributing to human well-being in urban and peri-urban setting is known to contribute to the degradation of natural capital and ecosystem services (ES). The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value of ES in Canada’s Capital Region (Ottawa-Gatineau region), so that these values can be integrated in future planning decisions. Using the valuation methods of market pricing, cost replacement, and two benefit transfer approaches (with adjustment and with meta-analysis), the value of 13 ES from five ecosystems (forests, wetlands, croplands, prairies and grasslands, and freshwater systems) was measured. The annual economic value of these 13 ES amounts to an average of 332 million dollars, and to a total economic value of over 5 billion dollars, annualized over 20 years. The largest part of this value is generated by nonmarket ES, indicating that much more emphasis should be put on the management, preservation, and understanding of processes that make up these types of ES. The work generated as part of this study is a first step towards operationalizing the concept of ES in planning. More specifically, these results can be used to raise awareness, but also as a stepping stone to improve ecosystem-wide planning in the Canada’s Capital Region.
The media construction of actuality
Authors: Arce de la Torre Tatiana
Published: January 2021

Contemporary life has made us aware of the fact that we live in an age defined by technology. The different ways in which we can think and question our time are tightly related to our own technical possibilities to name, represent and preserve the present. However, this situation is often opaque and mysterious to us, because it hides the mediatic condition of its own construction. To explore this represented present as ‘actuality’, following Jacques Derrida neologisms of ‘artifactuality’ and ‘actuvirtuality’, allows us to clarify its own technological and, therefore, mediatic nature. To do so, this article explores the narcotic quality of the media, as described by Marshall McLuhan in his book Understanding Media, and the possibility implied in the encounter of two media of counteracting its numbing effects, in order to propose new ways to respond and become responsible for the media construction of our time and the present.
Not So Fast: Thinking Twice about Technology, Doug Hill (2016)
Authors: Elliott-Mosley Sam
Published: January 2021

Review of: Not So Fast: Thinking Twice about Technology, Doug Hill (2016)

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 240 pp.,

ISBN-13 978-0820355498, h/bk, $22.19; p/bk, $16.73; eTextbook, $18.95
Vulnerable exposures: A conversation with Norwegian filmmaker Anne Haugsgjerd
Authors: Dancus Adriana Margareta
Published: January 2021

Since the 1980s, the quirky and explorative filmmaker Anne Haugsgjerd has experimented with staging her own vulnerability in front of the camera and is thus a pioneer of self-mediation in Norwegian film. In this interview, Haugsgjerd talks about how she developed her unique approach to making film, including a questioning and uncertain voice-over that has become her signature. In addition to situating her own film practice in a Norwegian and international context, Haugsgjerd reflects on ethical issues pertaining to self-mediation, shares anecdotes that speak of the popular appeal of her films and discusses challenges and opportunities connected to making and distributing films like hers to national and international audiences.
Voices, faces, places: Life in Frogner
Authors: Lund Maria Fosheim
Published: January 2021

This examination of Anne Haugsgjerd’s first short film, Livet på Frogner (Life in Frogner) (1986) views it as a postmodern project. In many ways it pioneered an aesthetic mode that became more prominent in Norwegian film decades later – the genre-expanding hybrid film – while also using the female voice-over in new and experimental ways.
Meduloblastoma pediatrikoaren pronostikorako markatzaile molekularren identifikazioa
Authors: Frutos-Gallastegui Begoña , López-López Elixabet , Illarregi Unai , Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga Nerea , García-Ariza Miguel , Gutiérrez-Camino Ángela , Martín-Guerrero Idoia
Published: January 2021

Meduloblastoma klinika eta oinarri molekular heterogeneoa duen minbizia da. Azken urteotan, genoma osoko eta sekuentziazio masiboko teknika molekularren garapenaren ondorioz, meduloblastoma pediatrikoan parte hartzen duten mutazio asko identifikatzea ahalbidetu da. Hortaz, lanaren helburua izan zen meduloblastoma pediatrikoaren pronostikoan edota terapian lagundu dezakeen gene eta mutazio somatikoen panel baten diseinua egitea. Horretarako, meduloblastoma pediatrikoan eragina duten geneei buruzko informazioa duen literaturaren berrikuspen sistematikoa egin zen. Bilaketarako Pubmed datubase bibliografikoa erabili zen, honako termino hauek erabiliz: (Medulloblastoma*) AND («mutation*» OR «genetic alteration*» OR «genetic variation*»). Berrikuspen bibliografikoaren ondoren, hasieran zeuden 588 artikuluetatik 62 artikulutan 197 gene identifikatu ziren. Horietatik, % 2 baino gehiagoko mutazio-maiztasuna zuten 21 gene aurkitu ziren, eta diagnosiaren momentuan balio pronostikoa edo meduloblastoma azpimoten ezaugarri ziren 5 gene (TP53, CTNNB1, PTCH1, SUFU eta KDM6A). Gene horiek analizatuz gero, profil molekularrean oinarritutako tratamendu indibidualizatuak doitu litezke.
Eguzkitako kremen ekotoxizitatea
Authors: Arza Ane Irakulis , Martinez Laura Saenz del Burgo
Published: January 2021

Koralezko uharriak ur azpiko ekosistemarik dibertsoenetarikoak dira, ingurumeneko aldaketa txikiekiko sentikorrak direnak. Hala, urteetan zehar gizakiek eragindako mehatxu lokal zein mundu-mailakoek koralen heriotza eragin dute eta, horrekin batera, biodibertsitatearen murrizketa. Mehatxu lokalen artean, eguzkitako kremak daude, haien konposatua den oxibentzona barne. Iragazki organiko hori, azalaren babeserako ez ezik, azalaren eta ilearen zaintze-produktuetan, kosmetikarako eta perfumeen konposaketarako ere erabili izan da. Itsasoan sartzean, krema bertan murgildu, eta koraletan metatzen da, haien zuritzea eta ondoriozko heriotza eraginez. Konposatu horren eragin toxikoak azterturik, ekosistemaren babeserako alternatibak bilatu beharko dira, zink oxidoaren, titanio dioxidoaren eta horien gisako iragazki mineralen ezaugarriak baloratuz.
Minbiziaren aurkako CAR-T zelulen bidezko immunoterapia
Authors: Garcia Gallastegi Patricia , Mugica Basauri Maite , Crende Arruabarrena Olatz
Published: January 2021

Azkenengo urteotan immunoterapia minbiziari aurre egiteko estrategia baliagarria bihurtu da. Terapia ezagunenetako bati CAR-T deritzo. Tratamendu honetan, gaixoaren T linfozitoak atera eta laborategian aldatu egiten dira tumorearen aurkako ekintza hobetzeko, «sentsore» mota bat jarrita haren gainazalean (CAR errezeptorea). Horrela, pazienteari berriro linfozito eraldatuak sartzen zaizkio, hauek tumore-zelulak bilatu, ezagutu eta erasotzeko. Berrikuspen honetan, CAR errezeptoreen egitura, sortzeko era eta terapiaren efektu desiragaitzak azalduko ditugu. Azkenik, CAR-T immunoterapia odoleko hainbat tumoretan eraginkorra dela frogatu da, bai eta tumore solido mota batzuetan ere.
CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO ULTRACÍCLICA E BIOTECNOLOGIA: ALTERNATIVAS REGULATÓRIAS
Authors: Ramos Alves Paulo Roberto
Published: January 2021

A sociedade opera sob uma distinção binária sustentada pelos poloscontrários da comunicação e não-comunicação, os discursos sociais fundem-se com base em distinções binárias secundárias, sendo novas distinções continuamente (re)produzidas de acordo com o aumento da complexidade da própria sociedade e de seus subsistemas, promovendo o esfacelamento da hierarquização jurídico-estatal antenovas perspectivas discursivas continuamente produzidas. A constitucionalização civil da comunicação biotecnológica permitiria a formatação relações contingenciais entre diversos setores organizacionais, fomentando o fortalecimento dos programas internosde cumprimento também a partir de uma imposição constitucional. Todavia, o traço distintivo dessa ideia reside exatamente na assimetria entre o conjunto de decisões estatais e as decisões corporativas. Essa assimetria permite, como já identificado, que o processo de constitucionalização biotecnológica ocorra de modo dialógico,  rompendose com a tradicional noção de hierarquização normativa estatal.
L. Annaeus Cornutus szerepe a Nero-kori Horatius-reneszánszban
Authors: Takács László
Published: January 2021

Horatius a késő ókorra sokat olvasott és idézett iskolai szerző lett. A római irodalmi kánonban elfoglalt helye azonban nem volt mindig szilárd, hiszen – és ez kikövetkeztethető abból, hogy a kora császárkor jelentős szerzőinek életművében vagy nem, vagy alig találunk rá vonatkozó utalást, tőle származó idézetet – volt olyan időszak, néhány olyan évtized, amikor a költő nem tartozott a fontos és idézett szerzők közé. Jelentős fordulat állt be azonban Horatius megítélésében Nero korában. Hirtelen a legtöbbet hivatkozott és utánzott szerzők közé kerül, szatírái és lírai költeményei mind irodalmi mintákká válnak, ahogy azt Aules Persius Flaccus és Caesius Bassus költészete, illetve Petronius Satyricon című regénye bizonyítja. Úgy tűnik, hogy Horatius Ars poetica című versében kifejtett gondolatai utat találtak a Vergilius-kommentárokba is, és e mű poétikai kézikönyvvé avatása föltehetően szintén a Nero kori Horatius-reneszánszhoz kapcsolható. Mindezek a szálak pedig végső soron L. Annaeus Cornutushoz, az ezüstkori sztoikus filozófushoz és irodalomkritikushoz vezetnek, akinek – véleményem szerint – meghatározó szerepe lehetett abban, hogy az 1. század derekától Horatius a római irodalmi kánon egyik meghatározó szerzőjévé vált.