bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serological Assessment of Toxoplasma Infection by ELISA method in Urban People and Livestock Farmers of Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Moghaddam Maryam , Ordoobadi Farzad , Lali Amirhosein , Bahavarnia Seyed Razi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a common infection between humans and animals in the world. In its congenital form, the causative agent of the disease is transmitted through the mother’s placenta to the fetus. Acquired infection is caused by eating oocysts that the cat excretes with feces or through contaminated meat. In people who have problems with the immune system, in malignant patients, in people who do organ transplants, and in patients with AIDS, the infection may be acute and fatal. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the blood serum of urban residents and livestock farmers of Tabriz, Iran, in 2021. Methods: The blood of 50 urban residents and 50 livestock farmers was taken for sampling. The patient’s arm vein was used for blood sampling. Then, the blood was kept at 37 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes and centrifuged (2000 rounds for 10 minutes). After centrifugation, the sera were carefully poured into a microtube and frozen and kept for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Results: The study of the frequency distribution of toxoplasmosis by ELISA method in urban residents and livestock farmers in Tabriz and suburbs showed that out of 100 studied people, 36 cases (36%) of the total had anti-toxoplasma IgG titer higher than normal (positive). In the group of positive cases of toxoplasmosis in livestock farmers, 24 (48%) out of 50 cases had a higher-than-normal titer, which is considered positive. Further, out of the 50 urban people surveyed, 12 cases (24%) had titers higher than normal, which is considered positive. In the study of the frequency distribution of anti-toxoplasma IgM antibody by ELISA method in urban people and livestock farmers, 36 positive cases and 64 negative cases were observed out of 100 people, and15 out of 50 urban people (i.e., 30% of urban people) had IgM titer higher than normal. Moreover, an examination of 21 people out of 50 livestock farmers (42%) indicated higher than normal IgM titers. Conclusion: This study indicated that IgG and IgM antibody titers are higher in livestock farmers than in urban residents, and this suggests a relationship between occupation and toxoplasma infection. Therefore, the need is raised for extensive research at the national level to reduce the disease in livestock farmers and urban residents.
A Retrospective Study on the Seroprevalence of Anti-Toxocara canis Antibodies in the Human Population of a Romanian City
Authors: Luca Iasmina , Sîrbu Cătălin Bogdan , Cireşan Alex , Dărăbuş Gheorghe , Sîrbu Beatrice Jitea
Published: January 2023

Ascariasis is frequently diagnosed in the dog population, and Toxocara canis is the main agent that causes larva migrans syndrome in humans. In big cities, the number of pets is constantly increasing, especially canids. In Romania, in addition to dogs with owners, a large number of dogs without owners are found in public green spaces. Timisoara is one of the largest cities in Romania, with a population of approximately 306.462 people. In the present study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. canis antibodies was investigated in different age groups using the ELISA method. The samples were taken and analyzed in a private laboratory. The results indicated a major deficiency in the control of ascariasis in animals. The overall seroprevalence recorded in 371 individuals who were referred to the laboratory during 2017-2020 was 22.64%. The elderly were the most affected (39.39%) and children were the least affected (7.4%) groups.
A Case Report of Renal Hydatid Cyst in a 16-Year-Old Patient in Bonab, Iran
Authors: Garedaghi Yagoob , Bouree Patrice
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Most cases of hydatid cysts have been reported from the liver and lungs. This study reported a case of a renal hydatid cyst in a 16-year-old patient. Case Report: The patient was a 16-year-old boy from Bonab, East Azerbaijan province, who presented to the physician due to pain in the right side during urination. The CT scan showed a 34×41 mm cystic mass calcified in the middle of the right kidney. The patient underwent surgery successfully, and pathological findings confirmed the existence of cysts. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the age of the renal hydatid cyst is decreasing and can be considered as many problems for the health of children and society, and any organ of the body can be attacked with E. granulosus. Therefore, the hydatid cyst should be suspected by observing any adhesive space in the kidney. The calcified hydatid cyst has been rarely reported in a 16-year-old boy.
Onlay platelet-rich fibrin membrane versus free gingival graft in increasing the width of keratinized mucosa around dental implants: A split-mouth randomized clinical study
Authors: Al-Diasty Zeinab , El-Meadawy Samah , Salem Ahmed S , Mowafey Bassant
Published: January 2023

Background. This study aimed to compare the use of the platelet-rich fibrin membrane (PRF) versus the free gingival graft (FGG) during the second stage of the dental implant to increase the amount of keratinized mucosa around dental implants. Methods. Fifteen patients with bilaterally missing teeth and deficient width of the keratinized mucosa (KM) were recruited for a spit-mouth randomized controlled trial. After implant placement on the control sides, onlay FGG was used, whereas, on the other side (study side), onlay PRF membranes were applied to augment the KM. One month and three months after augmentation, the increase in keratinized mucosa width, bone level around the implants, and soft tissue health were evaluated and compared. The shrinkage percentage was also calculated for both grafts. Results. There was a significant increase in the width of KM in the FGG and PRF groups; however, it was observed that FFG resulted in significantly better results than PRF, with no significant difference in peri-implant soft tissue health or bone level. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the onlay PRF membrane could increase the keratinized mucosa width around dental implants with the advantages of a lower surgical time and less postoperative discomfort and pain for the patients in comparison to the FGG. However, FGG had a significantly higher ability to augment and increase keratinized mucosa around dental implants.
Antimicrobial effects of nanocurcumin gel on reducing the microbial count of gingival fluids of implant‒abutment interface: A clinical study
Authors: Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Shahi Shahriar , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Sharifi Simin , Noie Alamdari Ali , Jamei Khosroshahi Amir Reza , Khezri Khadijeh
Published: January 2023

Background. This clinical study aimed to prepare and evaluate the effect of antimicrobial nanocurcumin gel on reducing the microbial counts of gingival fluids of the implant‒abutment interface in patients referred to the Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry for the placement of two dental implants. Methods. Fifteen patients applying for at least two dental implants were included in the study. During the uncovering session, nanocurcumin gel was placed in one implant, and no substance was placed in another (the control group). Then, in three sessions, implantation sessions (10 days after the repair abutment closure session), prosthesis delivery (15 days after the implantation session), and one month after prosthesis delivery, the patients’ gingival fluid was sampled and cultured to determine bacterial counts in the gingival fluid by colony-forming units (CFU/mL). T-test was used for statistical analysis of data, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. This study showed that nanocurcumin gel significantly reduced the CFU/mL of gingival fluid in all three sampling stages compared to the control group. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, the application of antimicrobial nanocurcumin gel inside the implant fixture could reduce the microbial counts of gingival fluids.
Evaluation of the effect of autologous conditioned serum on the radiographic characteristics of hard tissue after horizontal bone augmentation in implant dentistry
Authors: Mohammadi Hamidreza , Shirmohammadi Adileh , Babaloo Amirreza , Roshangar Leila , Torab Zeinab , Mojtahedinia Mehdi
Published: January 2023

Background. Bone deficiency in different areas is problematic in implant placement. Changes in histological, histomorphometric, and radiographic properties of hard tissues in the implant placement area affect many parameters of implant success. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a blood product with high levels of IL1- receptor antagonists. Augmentation surgeries are required in many cases because implant placement in the edentulous areas requires a sufficient amount of bone. Therefore, this study radiographically evaluated the effect of autologous conditioned serum after horizontal bone augmentation. Methods. In this prospective RCT, 21 patients eligible patients were evaluated. The patient underwent horizontal ridge augmentation surgery in the area. The ACS-impregnated graft was in direct con­tact with the bone. The control side underwent the same surgical protocol without using ACS. Four months after surgery, a CBCT radiograph was taken, and radiographic changes in the two areas were calculated using the differences in the amount of bone formed in the horizontal dimension as well as the Hounsfield unit (HU). The data were reported using descriptive statistical methods, including means (standard deviations) and frequencies (percentages). According to the results of the Kolmog­orov-Smirnov test, the data had a normal distribution (P>0.05); therefore, paired t-test was used to compare the means of the parameters between the two groups. Results. IRadiographic examinations showed that the horizontal dimension of bone before surgery was similar between the two groups. However, after surgery in the ACS group (33.13±6.1), it was significantly higher than in the control group (62.1±86.4) (P>0.05). Also, the rate of horizontal dimension increase (the difference before and after surgery) in the ACS group was significantly higher than in the control group. Bone density before surgery was similar between the two groups. However, after surgery, there was a significant increase in the ACS group (75.56±330.42 HUs) compared to the control group (38.35±292.38 HUs) (P>0.05). Also, the rate of density increase (the difference before and after surgery) in the ACS group was significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion. Radiographic evaluations of hard tissues showed a significant increase in the horizontal dimension of bone and density of newly formed bone using ACS compared to the control group.
Clinical evaluation and biological understanding of the early step-by-step healing after periodontal microsurgery: A case report with PES analysis comparing initial and 31-day result
Authors: Kahn Sergio , Oliveira Larissa Zarjitsky de , Dias Alexandra Tavares , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Microsurgery has evolved, permitting faster vascularization and healing than macro-interventions, reducing tissue trauma and obtaining precise wound closure. Therefore, this study aimed to detail the initial healing steps after the periodontal microsurgical procedure. A -26 year-old female had a localized recession (anterior lower tooth, recession type1-), with the absence of local keratinized tissue width (KTW) and adjacent gingival thickness (GT)<1 mm. After oral prophylaxis and occlusal adjustments, the pink esthetic score was performed (5 points), followed by the microsurgery procedure. Prior to inserting the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), the epithelial layer was removed, and the root surface was biomodified. Two days postoperatively, it was possible to observe a white layer from the SCTG in the gingival margin, decreasing after 4 days. In 6 days, the sutures were removed; no graft and volume loss was observed. For 9 days, the volume was the maintenance. Nevertheless, there was a reduction in tissue volume in the facial zone. After 11 and 13 days, an improved healing process was found, whereas, after 16 days, it was possible to report stable tissues, which was confirmed after 31 days, with a significant GR reduction and an increase in KTW and GT. Moreover, the final pink esthetic score (PES) was 9. Microsurgery had a faster healing and predictable outcome, suggesting reduced trauma, which may allow a quicker suture removal without jeopardizing the outcomes.
Effect of polycaprolactone nanofibers loaded with oxytetracycline hydrochloride and zinc oxide as an adjunct to SRP on GCF lipocalin-2 levels in periodontitis patients: A clinical and laboratory study
Authors: Alkayali Mohamad Fathi Mohamad Taher , Badria Farid A. , ElBaiomy Azza Abdel Baky , Youssef Jilan Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Background. The aim of this study was the clinical and laboratory evaluation of using polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers loaded with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in managing stage II grade A periodontitis patients concerning GCF lipocalin2- levels. Methods. Fifty stage II grade A periodontitis patients (27 women and 23 men, with an age range of 30‒60) were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to five equal groups and treated with scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by local application of PCL nanofibers: group I: SRP + PCL loaded with OTC and ZnO, group II: SRP + PCL loaded with OTC, group III: SRP + PCL loaded with ZnO, group IV: SRP + unloaded PCL, and group V: SRP alone. Additionally, 10 healthy subjects with healthy periodontium (group VI) (age- and gender-matched) served as the negative control. Nanofibers were applied in the selected pockets of periodontitis patients in groups I to IV once weekly for two months. All the participants were examined clinically by assessing periodontal indices (gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level), and biochemically by assessing GCF lipocalin-2 levels. Results. Compared to controls, periodontitis groups (I, II, III, IV, and V) showed significant elevation of both clinical parameters and GCF lipocalin2- levels at baseline. In addition, these parameters improved significantly after treatment, which was more pronounced in groups I, II-, and III) compared to groups IV and V. However, it did not reach normal values. Conclusion. In association with SRP, PCL nanofibers loaded with OTC and ZnO had beneficial therapeutic effects at both clinical and laboratory levels.
Left circumflex coronary artery injury following mitral valve replacement with late presentation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nassereddine Zahra , Kazem Hassan , Moussa Malek , Saab Mohamad
Published: January 2023

Mitral valve replacement complications are more and more recognized due to the novel surgical techniques and the tendency to report such complications by young cardiologists and surgeons. Circumflex coronary artery injury is a rare complication that occurs during mitral valve replacement or repair by multiple mechanisms. We present the case of a 57-year-old female who underwent mitral valve replacement and ended up with heart failure after circumflex artery occlusion and failure of percutaneous coronary intervention.
COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Taghavi Sepideh , Raffiei Jelodar Hoda , Rafati Ali , Naderi Nasim , Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Amin Ahmad , Valizadeh Leili , Omidvar Razieh , Kamali Monireh , Naseh Soroush
Published: January 2023

Introduction: After solid organ transplantation, patients require lifelong immunosuppressive medication, increasing susceptibility to COVID-19. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of heart transplant recipients in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We enrolled twenty-two COVID-19 cases of adult heart transplantation from February 2020 to September 2021. Results: The most common symptoms in patients were fever and myalgia. The death occurred in 3 (13.6 %). Conclusion: Although heart transplantation mortality may increase in the acute rejection phase concomitant with COVID-19, immunosuppressive dose reduction may not be necessary for all heart transplant patients with COVID-19.
The effect of endurance exercise and rosehip extract supplementation on the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes in male rat heart
Authors: Abdollahi-Diba Mitra , Bashiri Jabar , Pourmanaf Hadi , Fekri-Kourabbaslou Vahid
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Considering the effect of Apoptosis on cardiovascular disease, this study aimed to determine the combined effect of endurance exercise and rosehip extract supplementation on the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes in the myocardium of male rats. Methods: A total of 35 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7) as follows: endurance exercise+rosehip extract supplementation (Ex+Supp), endurance exercise (Ex), rosehip extract supplementation (Supp), six-month control (Con2), and three-month control (Con). The subjects in Ex+Supp and Ex groups performed endurance exercise (running on a treadmill at 24-33 m/min for 10-60 min) for 12 weeks, five times a week. Subjects in Ex+Supp and Supp groups consumed 1000 milligrams/ kilogram of rosehip extract for 12 weeks. Also, Con and Con2 groups did not receive any intervention. To RNA extraction and synthesis cDNA and evaluate the P53 and cytochrome C genes of the myocardium of rats, RT-PCR analysis was used. Results: Neither endurance exercise nor rosehip alone nor together significantly affected the expression of cytochrome C and P53 genes in the heart muscle of male rats (P˃ 0.05). Also, endurance exercise (P=0.001) and rosehip supplementation (P=0.002) alone and in interaction (P<0.01) had a significant effect on body weight, myocardium weight, and the ratio of myocardium weight to body weight in male rats. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of endurance exercise accompanied with rosehip extract did not significantly affect the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes. Further studies are suggested to confirm these results.
Promoting Oral Health Behaviors of Adolescent Girls Using a Health Belief Model
Authors: Gharlipour Zabihollah , Tavassoli Elahe , Fathollahi-Dehkordi Fariba , Alidosti Masoumeh
Published: January 2023

Background: With a focus on people’s beliefs, a health belief model (HBM) attempts to define and promote the health performances of different population groups. The current study aimed to determine the effect of education, based on the HBM, on promoting the oral health behaviors of adolescent girls in Shahrekord. Methods: This interventional study was conducted on female students in junior high schools in Shahrekord during the educational year 2018-2019. Using the cluster sampling method, a total of 80 adolescent girls were selected from public schools in Shahrekord and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. In addition, a standard checklist was employed to evaluate the station of oral health. The training was provided to the members of the experimental group in seven sessions, each lasting 50-60 minutes. Using SPSS 21, the data were analyzed via paired t test, independent t test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: After the intervention, the mean scores of perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy in the experimental group increased significantly (f=61.12, P<0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of oral health behaviors in the experimental group significantly increased two months after training (P<0.001). Conclusion: Training based on the HBM had an important role in creating a favorable attitude and thus practicing oral health behaviors in students.
Does Increasing Health Literacy Reduce Self-medication? A Case Study of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Amiri Mohamad Reza , Vakilimofrad Hossein , Rostami Farideh , Moslehi Samad
Published: January 2023

Background: Self-medication is one of the challenging issues in health care systems. Health literacy seems to be an important factor in self-medication behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and self-medication among undergraduate students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey method, this descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020. Among 2600 undergraduate students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, including nonclinical students, 335 people were selected by the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using two questionnaires, including a standard health literacy questionnaire and a researcher-made self-medication questionnaire. The linear regression model was employed to analyze data by SPSS, version 23. Results: The results revealed that 174 people (52%) of the statistical population were women, and there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of self-medication (P=0.022). The effect of gender on self-medication was statistically significant (P=0.013), and self-medication decreased slightly more with increasing health literacy in males than in females. In general, without considering gender, the relationship between health literacy and self-medication was statistically significant (P=0.007), while health literacy had a negative relationship with self-medication. Conclusion: Health literacy among students was at an adequate level, and their level of self-medication is high. Health literacy as a factor affecting the capacity for decision-making and action in the field of health has a significant relationship with self-medication behavior. Therefore, due to its negative consequences, it is necessary to take measures to reduce this social phenomenon.
COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors and Related Beliefs Among Diabetics: The Use of Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Sadri Mohadese , Barati Majid , Borzouei Shiva , Bashirian Saeed , Khazaei Salman , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Zareian Sepideh
Published: January 2023

Background: Recent data from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirm that diabetes, along with advanced age, is an important risk factor for adverse prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the status of COVID-19 prevention behaviors and related beliefs among diabetic patients in Hamadan province using protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from April to September 2020. The research population included all diabetics, of whom 355 patients, who referred to an adult endocrinologist in Hamadan, were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with demographic variables and PMT constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics, correlation, and logistic regression. Results: According to the result, the PMT construct explained 15% of the variance in the frequency of the intention to perform preventive behaviors. Perceived sensitivity (β=-0.128), perceived response efficiency (β=0.140), and perceived response cost (β=0.386) were the best significant predictors of behavior (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between gender (P<0.001), marital status (P<0.001), and level of education (P=0.040) in observing preventive behaviors. Conclusion: It is necessary to enhance the levels of awareness and self-efficacy of diabetic patients to reduce fear in this at-risk group. Further, it is appropriate to use PMT to promote preventive behaviors.
Effects of Educational Intervention on Promoting Preventive Behaviors of Cardiovascular Disease Using the Health Belief Model in Oil Regions Workers
Authors: Mohammadnabizadeh Sahar , Najafpoor Ali Asghar , Vahedian-Shahroodi Mohammad , Ghavami Vahid
Published: January 2023

Background: Research conducted on oil region workers has shown that numerous ranges of physical stressors together with behavioral patterns can affect the enhancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of CVD using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: The participant of this quasi-experimental study included 228 workers (114 control and 114 experimental cases) working in oil regions. Data were collected through questionnaires containing demographic information, knowledge, and constructs of HBM. The experimental group received an education with WhatsApp. Workers completed the questionnaires before and after the education and the 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: The t test analyses showed no significant differences between the control and experimental groups at baseline. The results indicated the changes in outcome variables across time for groups. Except for perceived severity and perceived barriers, there were significant interaction effects between the time and group. A significant correlation was found between behavior and health belief subscales and knowledge, except for perceived severity and cues to action. Conclusion: The findings of this research confirmed the usefulness of the educational intervention based on the HBM and the necessity to apply designed programs to improve preventive behavior adoption. Preventive education with attention to decreasing unhealthy lifestyles must be designed based on the requirements and target group characteristics to prevent CVD risks.
Social Participation and Related Factors in Older Adult Women
Authors: Mortazavi Saideh Sadat , Foroughan Mahshid , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah , Safari Malihe , Mortazavi Zahra , Naderifar Homa
Published: January 2023

Background: Social participation is one of the most important factors in the health of the elderly and also the main goal of health-related interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess social participation and its related factors in the elderly women population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women aged 60 and older in Hamadan, Iran, in 2020. The samples were selected by a simple random sampling method and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A demographic questionnaire, Women’s Social Participation Factors Questionnaire, and mini-mental state examination were completed, and data were obtained from the participants by trained questionnaires. Results: The mean social participation score was 70.8±10.7, and scores ranged from 0 to 120. The level of social participation was moderate in 82% of the participants, weak and insufficient in 16.3%, and strong in 1.7% of participants. The obtained results indicated that 39% of the participants were employed before the elderly, and 22.67% had regular employment in old age. There were different types of occupation among this group: 30.33% had paid jobs, 23.67% voluntary jobs, 62% religious activities, and 76% were jobless. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between social participation and elderly employment history (P<0.01), level of education (P=0.01), and regular physical activity (P=0.03). Conclusion: The social participation of elderly women was found to be mostly moderate in this study, and people with higher education, regular physical activity, and a vocational history before old age had better social participation.
The Effects of Health Literacy and Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Rational Use of Medication in Health Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bayındır Çevik Ayfer , Sarıkaya Şeker Pelin , Dülger Hanifi , Şeker Erhan
Published: January 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the rational medication use of health students, their health literacy (HL), the associations of these factors with sociodemographic factors, and the contribution of HL to the rational use of medication (RUM). Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from 1256 health students between February and June 2020 in Turkey, using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Rational Medication Use Scale, and the Turkish version of the European HL Scale. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were not associated with their RUM. HL level was higher in the participants who were using medication regularly, those over the age of 20, and those with good income levels (P<0.05). The participants had a good level of HL (112.11±12.22), and they used medications moderately (38.40±3.83). The total score of HL and the score of understanding dimension of HL were associated with the RUM (P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings provide a way to identify fallacies regarding rational medication use. There should also be continuous development of all dimensions of HL to maintain rational medication use behaviors. The findings obtained in this study provide basic data for educators and educational administrators to better support students with appropriate training programs to increase HL and rational medication use. A well-planned structured education program to provide information should be introduced urgently to raise the awareness of health students about the harmful consequences of irrational medication use.
Healthy Lifestyle Habits Among Students at the University of Seville, Spain
Authors: Llorent-Bedmar Vicente , Torres-Zaragoza Lucía , Navarro-Granados María , Ballesteros-Moscosio Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

Background: There is a growing interest in the study of healthy lifestyles due to their innumerable benefits. Several studies have shown that students tend to adopt less healthy lifestyles at the beginning of their university careers. This study explored the perceptions of undergraduate students at the University of Seville, Spain, about their lifestyle habits. Methods: The study design was a descriptive survey, and a specially designed questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1.478 students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using SPSS software, version 27. Results: The surveyed students considered that they have healthy lifestyle habits, although with some weaknesses in the development of certain habits, which were exacerbated during exam periods. Men reported better sleep and physical activity habits than women, while women considered their diet to be healthier (P=0.001). It was further found that healthier lifestyle habits depend on the education level of the mother (P=0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that it is important to implement educational policies aimed at promoting and advising students on healthy lifestyle habits. Such policies would be especially useful before the start of exam periods when certain habits began to deteriorate.
Factors Associated With Anabolic Steroids Use in Bodybuilding Athletes Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan , Moeini Babak , Faradmal Javad , Barati Maryam , Vesali-Monfared Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Background: Athletes’ use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AASs) is a significant health problem. This study aimed to determine factors associated with AAS in male bodybuilders by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: Using a multistage random sampling procedure, this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 429 athletes participating in gyms in Qom, Iran, in 2019. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, including demographic information and questions related to TPB constructs. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, logistic regression, and linear regression using SPSS software, version 16. Results: The results demonstrated that 188 (48.2%) athletes had a history of AAS use. The attitude (β=0.39), subjective norm (β=0.26), and perceived behavioral control (β=-0.36) predicted 38% of the variance of intention to AAS use. Further, behavioral intention was the statistically significant predictor of AAS use among the studied athletes (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.87). Variables such as having friends (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.30) or a sports coach using AAS (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.58-6.42) and having a history of supplementation use (OR=5.8, 95% CI: 2.65-12.8), along with age (OR=4.3, 95% CI: 0.35-53.6) had a significantly predictive role in using AAS. Conclusion: The findings revealed that nearly half of the studied athletes had a history of using AAS and supplements. TPB is applicable to identify the determinants of beliefs, intention, and behavior to use AAS among athletes. These findings can be useful in designing appropriate programs to prevent AAS use.
Psycho-social Determinants of Hepatitis B Preventive Behaviors Among Nurses
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Karami Matin Behzad , Nasrollah Hosseini Seyyed , Karimi Negar , Khashij Shima , Gharibnavaz Hassan , Jalilian Farzad
Published: January 2023

Background: Hepatitis B (HB) is one of the important common occupational diseases, and health care workers are one of the most at-risk groups. The current study aimed to investigate the best psycho-social predictors of HB preventive behaviors among nurses by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional study. An anonymous self-reported scale according to the TPB determinants was distributed among 330 nurses in Kermanshah, and 299 (90.6%) questionnaires were returned. Nurses were randomly selected among different teaching hospitals in Kermanshah in 2016. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and linear regression tests. Results: The mean score for the HB preventive behaviors was 3.14±1.45 ranging from 1 to 5. The TPB determinants accounted for 21% of the variance in nurses’ HB preventive behaviors. Attitude and perceived behavior control (PBC) were the best determinants of performing HB preventive behaviors. Furthermore, higher education level, gender (female), and family history of HB were effective in the higher score of HB prevention behaviors (P<0.001). Conclusion: In developing programs and policies to prevent HB among nurses in Iran, attitude and PBC should be considered. These findings may guide HB interventions to improve the capacity to seek HB preventive behaviors.
Effects of Age and Gender on Hard and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Features of an Iranian Population Over 12 Years Old
Authors: Esmaeili Saharnaz , Malek Mohammadi Nazanin , Khosravani Sarvin , Eslamian Ladan , Motamedian Saeed Reza
Published: January 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate age- and gender-specific soft and hard tissue cephalometric features in an Iranian population with normal class I occlusion. Methods: A total of 111 Iranians (56 females and 55 males) in two age groups including individuals aged between 12-16 years and individuals aged over 16 years, with well-balanced faces and class I occlusion, were selected. Overall, 81 (40 soft tissue and 41 hard tissue) cephalometric measurements of the selected samples were traced on all cephalograms. The obtained values were compared in terms of gender and age differences and also ethnic differences between Iranian and European races. Results: This study indicated significant differences between Iranian men and women of different ages and Caucasians in terms of hard and soft tissue cephalometric measurements, which should be considered in orthodontic and surgical treatments. Some of the most important differences are greater values of facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, and soft tissue chin thickness in Iranians than in Caucasians. Conclusion: In general, slightly more convex profiles, more protruded lips, less prominent noses, higher nose tips, and proclined and protruded central incisors are acceptable in the Iranian population. Also, Iranian women have more convex soft and hard tissue profiles, shorter anterior and posterior facial heights, larger interlabial gaps, less deep superior sulci, thinner and shorter upper lips, and thinner soft tissue chins than men. Also, non-growing adults have more advanced mandibles, larger noses, more sloping nasal tips, and larger skeletal dimensions compared with growing ones.
The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Selenium-enriched Lactobacillusplantarum on Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Osteomyelitis
Authors: Mahpishanian Sajedeh , Fatemi Mahnoosh , Ghandehari Fereshte
Published: January 2023

Background: Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. The most common treatment is use of antibiotics, which might have many side effects and may induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Strengthening the body›s antioxidant system may be effective on preventing the disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. plantarum enriched with selenium (Se) on osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into the 6 groups. A group was control group. Groups B and C were respectively treated with L. plantarum, and L. plantarum enriched with Se. Osteomyelitis was induced in group D. Groups E and F were induced with osteomyelitis and treated like groups B and C. At the end of the treatment period, in order to evaluate hematological parameters, the acute phase protein, interleukin 6 and 1- levels were assessed in the rat’s blood samples. Bone was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to evaluate histopathological changes. Results: The number of white blood cells (WBCs) in groups D and E and interleukin 6 levels in groups D, E and F were significantly increased compared to the control group. There was no significant change in other factors in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Histopathological changes were less severe in groups E and F than in group D. Conclusion: The treatment of animals with osteomyelitis by probiotics, especially Se-enriched probiotics, to some extent can prevent the distribution of bone infection to the surrounding tissues.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Obtained from Clinical Samples by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods in Zabol, Iran
Authors: Tadjrobehkar Omid , Kamali Atefeh
Published: January 2023

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen that is known to be responsible for various diseases. However, its antibiotic-resistant isolates often cause serious infections. Methods: This study for the first time investigated a total of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients admitted to Amir Al-Momenin hospital. The isolates were identified by biochemical assays. The combination disc test method was used to measure antibiotic susceptibility and confirm the presence of extended spectrum-beta lactamases-producing enzymes. Also, the presence of enzyme-producing genes bla CTXM-1, bla CTXM-2, bla CTXM-3, bla SHV, and bla OXA of the target enzymes was examined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates, 32 isolates (40%) were beta-lactamase generators. Resistance to the studied antibiotics was found to be 97.5%, 90%, 81.3%, 75%, 75%, 72.5%, 60%, 52.5%, 50%, 32.5%, 28.8%, and 0% for amoxicillin, amoxiclav cephalexin, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, respectively. Therefore, the highest antibiotic resistance was against amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, and cephalexin, respectively, while the lowest was detected for imipenem. Besides, 17.5% of the studied isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing genes, bla CTXM-3 displayed the highest frequency of 84.4%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the wide resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates against various antibiotic classes. According to the results, it is suggested to identify different patterns of antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates prior to the onset of treatment for any P. aeruginosa-related infections.
Effect of Magnesium Sulfate in Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia among Candidates of CABG Surgery with Abnormal P-wave Duration
Authors: Payami Babak , Assareh Ahmad Reza , Adel Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Bahrami Hojatollah
Published: January 2023

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are among the most common early complications of open-heart surgery. Hypomagnesemia is one of the clinical mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with abnormal P-wave duration who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)surgery. Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 patients participated who had undergone CABG surgery at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz in 2014. According to the inclusion criteria, the intervention and control groups were randomly matched. The intervention group, consisting of 57 patients, received 2.4 g of magnesium sulfate daily for three days and 75 patients of the control group received a placebo. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation by magnesium sulfate was evaluated in patients and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Also, mean P-wave duration, length of intensive care unit stay, the total length of hospitalization, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), distribution of creatinine, atrial fibrillation, and aortic clamp time in intervention and control groups were not statistically significant. Only, the total pump duration difference was reported to be statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the administration of magnesium sulfate alone cannot be helpful in the prevention of atrial fibrillation among patients with long P-wave duration. Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/, Identifier: IRCT2015092814190N9
The Quality of Life Associated with Oral Health in Patients Treated with Removable Denture in Prosthodontics Department of School of Dentistry in Sari, Iran, During 2019-2020
Authors: Dadgar Kosar , Kakavand Delara , Yazdani Jamshid , Zamanzadeh Maryam
Published: January 2023

Background: Reconstruction of teeth using partial or complete dentures is the only treatment for most edentulous patients. The duration of edentulism and the use of complete dentures can affect the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of life associated with oral health in patients referring to the Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Sari, Iran. Methods: In total, 235 patients treated in the Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Sari, Iran were selected and studied in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The required information was collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14). Data were analyzed through SPSS22 and using descriptive and analytical tests, such as Mann-Whitney, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate regression. Results: In total, 103 men (43.8%) and 132 women (56.2%) with mean age of 58±10.3 years participated in this study. The duration of denture use was between 3 and 108 months. The mean score of patients’ quality of life had a statistically significant relationship with the type of treated jaw, the type of removable prosthesis, and the duration of prosthesis use (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the mean score of quality of life with age and gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the quality of life was higher among those who used dentures for a longer period of time and also in patients with complete dentures. However, the quality of life was lower in people who used mandibular dentures, compared to other groups.
Oxidative Stress and Hemodialysis: The Role of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Various Laboratory Parameters
Authors: Ghoraba Razie , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Behdarvand Azra , Saber Azadeh
Published: January 2023

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are common factors in patients with chronic kidney disease and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death in these patients, particularly in hemodialysis (HD) cases. Exercise training is a therapeutic approach to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on OS factors in HD patients. Methods: This case-control study was performed over one year (From March 2019 to February 2020) at Kerman (south of Iran). Nineteen outpatient HD patients participated in an aerobic exercise training program during HD. Cycling was performed by mini-cycle in the first hour of HD, pedaling was started with the least tolerable time by the patients, and increased up to three-quarters of an hour based on the patient’s tolerance, three times a week for eight weeks. Also control group, 18 outpatient HD patients were selected and did not enter the exercise training program. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention in both groups. Inflammatory factors such as albumin (Alb), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, white blood cell (WBC) as well as, oxidative and nitrogenous factors such as malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups, uric acid, and ionic regenerating capacity were measured. Chi-square and independent t test were used to analyze the data and compare the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in CRP, Alb, and uric acid between the two groups. In the test group, variables such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARST) showed a significant difference after the intervention. The values of TAC, GSH, and FRAP in the case group were significantly higher than the same values in the control group (P≤0.0001 for all), but PC (P≤0.006) and TBARS (P≤0.026) values were higher in the control group after the intervention. The intervention had no effect on Alb and ferritin. But, uric acid levels decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention. In the case group, TAC, GSH, and FRAP increased (P=0.0001 for all), but PC, LPO, and TBARST decreased (P=0.0001, P≤0.03, and P≤0.02 respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that aerobic exercise training had no effect on inflammatory factors such as CRP, ferritin, and Alb.