bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economia camponesa referida ao bioma da Amazônia: atores, territórios e atributos (Edição 476)
Authors: Costa Francisco De Assis
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta a economia camponesa que se destaca de outras formas camponesas na Amazônia – de camponeses cujas estratégias se baseiam em maior especialização agrícola ou pecuária –, porque nela se desenvolveram técnicas criticamente baseadas no bioma amazônico. Após discorrer sobre seu importante crescimento na região norte nas últimas duas décadas no que se refere ao valor da produção, à renda líquida, ao emprego e ao acervo fundiário, descreverá as duas rotas de evolução técnica que a caracterizam, as respectivas composições da produção e a distribuição e significado territoriais, com comentários sobre os nexos industriais ai verificados. Ao final se indicarão políticas que possam dar a essa economia referida ao bioma amazônico papel estratégico na busca de um desenvolvimento com esperança de sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: Amazônia. Sistemas Agroflorestais. Camponeses. Trajetórias tecnológicas na Amazônia.
Generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the Barents-Kara Sea source rocks
Authors: Stoupakova Antonina V. , Bolshakova Maria A. , Suslova Anna A. , Mordasova Alina V. , Osipov Konstantin O. , Kovalevskaya Svetlana O. , Kolesnikova Tatiana O. , Shevchenko Gleb A. , Masterkov Igor A. , Tsygankova Anastasia A. , Gilmullina Albina A.
Published: May 2021

Identification of the source rock potential and distribution area is the most important stage of the basin analysis and oil, and gas reserves assessment. Based on analysis of the large geochemical and geological data base of the Petroleum geology department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and integration of different-scale information (pyrolysis results and regional palaeogeographic maps), generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the main source rock intervals of the Barents-Kara Sea shelf are reconstructed. These source rocks wide distribute on the Barents-Kara Sea shelf and are characterized by lateral variability of generation potential and type of organic matter depending on paleogeography. During regional transgressions in Late Devonian, Early Permian, Middle Triassic and Late Jurassic, deposited source rocks with marine organic matter and excellent generation potential. However in the regression periods, during the short-term transgressions, formed Lower Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Induan, Olenekian and Late Triassic source rocks with mixed and terrestrial organic matter and good potential.
Upper Devonian shales contain up to 20.6% (average – 3%) of marine organic matter, have an excellent potential and is predicted on the Eastern-Barents megabasin. Upper Devonian source rocks are in the oil window on the steps, platforms and monoclines, while are overmature in the basins. Lower Permian shale-carbonate source rock is enriched with marine organic matter (up to 4%, average – 1.4%) and has a good end excellent potential. Lower Permian source rocks distribute over the entire Barents shelf and also in the North-Kara basin (Akhmatov Fm). These rocks enter the gas window in the Barents Sea shelf, the oil window on the highs and platforms and are immature in the North-Kara basin. Middle Triassic shales contain up to 11.2% of organic matter, there is a significant lateral variability of the features: an excellent generation potential and marine organic matter on the western Barents Sea and poor potential and terrestrial organic matter in the eastern Barents Sea. Middle Triassic source rocks are in the oil window; in the depocenters it generates gas. Upper Jurassic black shales are enriched with marine and mixed organic matter (up to 27,9%, average – 7.3%) and have an excellent potential. On the most Barents-Kara Sea shelf, Upper Jurassic source rock are immature, but are in the oil window in the South-Kara basin and in the deepest parts of the Barents Sea shelf.
Pyrolytic data verification in potential assessment and catagenetic transformation of the Proterozoic low-carbon formations of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Sivkova Ekaterina D. , Stoupakova Antonina V. , Kalmykov Anton G. , Sautkin Roman S. , Bolshakova Maria A.
Published: May 2021

The ancient Precambrian formations of Eastern Siberia include oil and gas source rock (SR) interlayers, but in most cases, they can’t be classified as high-carbon ones, because the actual organic carbon content in these strata is low and rarely exceeds 10%. This point effect the approach to the available geochemical data interpretation and the method of quality samples selection. The aim of the work was to determine methods for pyrolytic data verification and the oil and gas Lower Vendian SR quality assess, that based on the results of geochemical researches. It was identified, that before SR catagenetic transformation analyzation by the Tmax parameter and determining the OM type, samples with a low generation potential or with the migrated bitumen presence should be excluded from the consideration. The presence of secondary epigenetic bitumen also indicates the active HC fluids migration within the basin. After data verification, the SR properties were assessed. So lower Vendian SRs have OM with a satisfactory and high generation potential, second type and low maturity in most cases. The oil and gas window zones are located within large depressions and troughs. In addition, the local heating was noted in zones with a large number of faults, where the heating was conducted due to the intrusions introduction and the hydrothermal fluids action.
Comparison of the effect of ethanol and potassium iodide in antibacterial photodynamic therapy on gram negative pathogens
Authors: TOPALOĞLU AVŞAR Nermin , ÇAĞAN Melike , BAKAY Emel , KOLKIRAN Aziz
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Antibiotics is the most common treatment for bacterial infections. However, bacteria can change their genetic material, develop antibiotic resistance and cannot be treated. This brings the need for new treatment methods. Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy is becoming a promising approach to treat bacterial infections. It is based on the use of photosensitizer to be activated by light with an appropriate wavelength and it will result in reactive oxygen species which are responsible for the destruction of pathogens. In this study, Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy was examined for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the help of ethanol and potassium iodide.
Methods: The effect of Chlorin e6-based photoinactivation was studied on Multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa upon irradiation with 655-nm diode laser. Then ethanol and potassium iodide was added to the mechanism separately to increase the efficacy of photoinactivation. After each application, serial dilution method was used for the determination of viable cells.
Results: Outcomes showed that only Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy causes a mortality rate of 75%. Addition of ethanol causes a mortality rate of 93% and addition of potassium iodide causes a mortality rate of 99.9% with less amount of Chlorin e6 and light dose.
Conclusions: Chlorin-e6 based photoinactivation did not provide high mortality rate on P. aeruginosa. The use of ethanol and potassium iodide increased the effect of photoinactivation. The highest mortality rate was obtained with potassium iodide. It was understood that potassium iodide was a better concomitant agent to increase the bactericidal effect of Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy on P. aeruginosa.
Possibilities for cooperation between the non-governmental, non-commercial sector and the public sector in modern Russia
Authors: Jach Anna
Published: May 2021

The model of three-sector synergy in a contemporary state rests on cooperation between the first (state) sector, the second (commercial) sector, and the third sector – the civil one, also referred to as the non-commercial sector. The quest for an optimal solution and the establishment of mutual relations is underpinned by the concept of the reorganization of Russian society with regard to its political modernization; this is accompanied by a variant of social agreement that guarantees citizens equality before the law, and the protection of their rights along with simultaneous compliance with the law. What complements the image of Russia’s contemporary reality is the goal of non-governmental, non-commercial organizations – not only to survive but also to develop a modus vivendi in the circumstances of an authoritarian state.
A sociological perspective on the phenomenon of solo-living in Eastern Europe: An attempt at conceptualization
Authors: Yashkina Daria
Published: May 2021

This article examines the phenomenon of solitary living as a consequence of the processes of individualization that are characteristic of the entire modern world. The urgency of this problem arises from the increase in the number of individuals who prefer to live alone. Although this trend is typical for Eastern Europe, as it is for the rest of the world, it is not widely considered in scientific circles. Whilst analyzing scientific literature in different spheres (philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology) and statistical data on solitary living, the author has come to the conclusion that to describe the phenomenon in a sociological vein, it is most appropriate to consider solitary living as a “solo-living” lifestyle. The article also examines the main studies of solitary living in Eastern Europe, and through such work, it was concluded that there is not enough research: current research mainly considers single living among the older generation, despite the fact that the number of young people who prefer this lifestyle continues to grow. In the course of the study, the author was faced with the problem of layering related concepts: solos, singles, solo-living, single-person households, and others. To avoid this problem, the author distinguishes between these concepts and makes an attempt to conceptualize the concept of “solo-living”, offers the author’s definition, and outlines further research prospects.
Złożoność wyboru w decyzjach inwestycyjnych
Authors: Samborski Adam
Published: May 2021

The Fundamental questions in all pension systems concern the choices made by individual. The most important issues are: whether and to what extent individuals should determine the choice of pension products provided; whether and to what extent individuals should determine the choice of investment portfolios; whether and to what extent individuals should determine the choice of stream of income in retirement. Consideration in this text focuses on individual retirement decisions that are made in the phase of capital accumulation. The subject of inquiry is questions about the causes: the reasons for the low interest of savings in the third pillar of pension provision in Poland; the causes in variation of savers determined by gender and age; the reasons for determining the allocation of assets within the Individual Retirement Account PZU (insurance company). For this purpose, the described facts are explained by referring to the reliable knowledge of behavioral economics. The author made the analysis of basic legal regulations governing the operation of individual retirement accounts, and individual retirement savings account, as well as the analysis of basic statistics describing the market. Attention is paid to the key growth barriers of the third pillar of pension provisions in Poland and savers investment behavior within the individual retirement accounts. The text concludes proposals aimed at encouraging the development of voluntary forms of pension provision in Poland.
Semblanza Josefa Toledo de Aguerrí (1866 – 1962)
Authors: Estrada Camila
Published: May 2021

Semblanza y cronología de la educadora  Josefa Toledo de Aguerrí, quien evidencia a través de su vida y obra la trayectoria de la pedagogía moderna en el contexto del  proyecto modernizador nicaragüense.
COMUNICAÇÃO INTEGRADA NO PORTO DO ITAQUI: DA INFORMAÇÃO À GERAÇÃO DE VALOR PARA O NEGÓCIO
Authors: Baesse Deborah de Castro e Lima , Silva Raul Lamarca Fortes Braga Portela e , Melo Seane Alves
Published: May 2021

Neste relato, apresentamos o processo de diagnóstico e revisão estratégica da comunicação da Empresa Maranhense de Administração Portuária – EMAP, autoridade portuária gestora do Porto do Itaqui. O estudo partiu de diagnóstico da situação problema, no qual identificou-se que a comunicação não alcançava e não estava a serviço do ecossistema portuário, limitando-se ao público interno da autoridade portuária e à publicidade externa. Após a implantação de novos canais, replanejamento de conteúdos e reengenharia dos canais existentes, reposicionamos a comunicação organizacional no porto, alinhando-a ao negócio da empresa, integrando ao ecossistema portuário e focando nas experiências de stakeholders cuidadosamente mapeados e estruturados.
ESCOLHA MODAL NO TRANSPORTE DE CARGAS: A CABOTAGEM COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA EMBARCADORES DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Bender Luís Eduardo , Uriarte Ana Margarita Larrañaga , Tapia Rodrigo Javier
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a escolha do modo de transporte por estabelecimentos industriais do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) entre alternativas rodoviárias e marítimas de cabotagem, no transporte de cargas destinadas a outros estados brasileiros. Modelos de escolha discreta foram estimados com dados obtidos de uma pesquisa de preferência declarada (PD). O modelo que apresentou melhor ajuste foi o logit hierárquico, incluindo correlação entre componentes não observáveis das utilidades da cabotagem. A inelasticidade dos embarcadores à troca modal aponta dificuldade de crescimento da cabotagem com redução do frete e melhora do nível de serviço marítimo.
O precedente à brasileira: vinculação sem persuasão
Authors: SCHWARZ VIANA Ulisses
Published: May 2021

O presente texto tem por escopo produzir breve estudo sobre a adoção da sistemática de precedentes judiciais e suas implicações nas estruturas dogmáticas do direito brasileiro. Indaga-se ao longo do texto sobre a natureza e a conformação estrutural dos precedentes no sistema processual vigente. No texto se investiga, como ponto de partida, a natureza e os fundamentos da autoridade dos precedentes na tradição do common law. Perquire-se sobre a natureza persuasiva ou simplesmente vinculativa do precedente no Brasil. Chega-se a propor a existência de uma sistemática de precedentes à brasileira (precedentes in the Brazilian way). Notas conclusivas são apresentadas com propostas e ressalvas, ao estudioso do direito brasileiro, quando à possível adoção da doutrina do stare decisis em nossa tradição jurídica, respondendo à pergunta: common law no Brasil?
Potential Drugs for COVID -19 Treatment Management With Their Contraindications and Drug- Drug Interaction
Authors: Talukdar Debjyoti , Jain Vivek , Balaramnavar Vishal , Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Sivanandy Palanisamy , Gupta Madan Mohan
Published: May 2021

Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) causes inflammatory response with worsening symptoms. Classification of potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs in managing the symptoms of the COVID-19 and reducing morbidity is important. The objective of this study is to identify a group of drugs, best suited for COVID-19 treatment based on recent developments in clinical trials, FDA drug evaluation, directions and developments and from drug therapies globally. Online literature search was done on Medline, PubMed and google scholar databases for studies on various treatments and drug therapies for COVID-19 and relevant studies were identified and the identified drugs are described in detail as per their Pharmacological, pharmaceutical properties of the drugs, mechanism of action, current COVID-19 drug therapy, contraindications and drug-drug interactions Certain drugs can inhibit action against viral infection and protect lungs from severe inflammatory response. This article summarizes several drugs like Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Dexamethasone, Ivermectin, Baricitinib, Casirivimab / imdevimab, Bamlanivimab along with auxiliary treatment like convalescent plasma transfusion. Remdesivir is first drug approved by FDA. Hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and remdesivir are showing results against COVID-19 but it is important to test the efficacy and safety of such drugs though some drugs have shown remarkable results.
The Effect of Empowerment, Training, Compensation through Organizational Commitment on the Performance of the Financial Management of the North Sulawesi Provincial Government
Authors: Hilimi Zainudin , Susita Dewi , Kindangen Paulus
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of empowerment, training, compensation through organizational commitment to the financial management performance of the North Sulawesi Provincial Government. The methodology used in this research is a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method. Research respondents numbered 267 financial management employees.The results of this study indicate that 1) Empowerment has a direct and positive effect on the performance of financial management employees. 2) Training has a direct and positive effect on the performance of financial management employees. 3) Compensation has a direct and positive effect on the performance of financial management employees. 4) Organizational commitment has a direct and positive effect on the performance of financial management employees. 5) Empowerment of employees has a direct and positive effect on organizational commitment of financial management employees. 6) Employee training has a direct and positive effect on organizational commitment of financial management employees. 7) Compensation has a direct and positive effect on organizational commitment of financial management employees. 8) Empowerment of employees has an indirect and positive effect on employee performance through organizational commitment. 9) Employee Training has an indirect and positive effect on employee performance through organizational commitment. 10) Employee compensation has an indirect and positive effect on employee performance through organizational commitment.
An Analysis of The Nurses Service In Preventing Stunting at UPT Puskesmas Astana Anyar Bandung
Authors: Hendra Afrizal , Akbar Ma'ruf , Sariwulan Rd. Tuty
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on the nurses’ service in preventing stunting at UPT Puskesmas Astana Anyar, Bandung. This study employs qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out using the informant's perspective (emic perspective), and key instruments, such as observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires. Qualitative analysis is deployed as the data analysis in this study. The validity of the research findings was measured using the validity and reliability standards of qualitative research, namely: credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. The findings showed that: nurses' service in preventing stunting at UPT Puskesmas Astana Anyar Bandung is considered as quite good; this can be seen from the perceptions and expectations of patients using and receiving the service of stunting prevention.
How Leadership And Organizational Culture Shape Organizational Agility In Indonesian SMEs??
Authors: Khalid Zulfia , R Madhakomala , Purwana Dedi
Published: May 2021

A highly competitive market has increased the importance of organizational agility in attaining competitiveness through strengthening leadership and organizational culture. This study aims at examining the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational agility mediated by organizational culture in Indonesian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. There was a lack of evidence on which entrepreneurial leadership could significantly influence organizational agility through organizational culture. Using simple random sampling technique, a total of 200 employees from the centre of Industrial Village in East Jakarta, Indonesia was selected as the sample. Data were obtained through survey method and quantitatively analysed using Structural Equation Modelling with LISREL 8.8 software. The findings show that entrepreneurial leadership and organizational culture respectively have positive and significant direct effects on organizational agility. Entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant direct effect on organizational culture, and entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant indirect effect on organizational agility mediated by organizational culture. The research findings can provide guidelines for the SMEs entrepreneur to facilitate appropriate leadership and organizational culture, so as to foster organizational agility and achieve business benefits.
Research on Physical Layer Encryption Technology of HST 5G communication system with spatial permutation modulation
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Jiang Peng , Liao Huan , Fan Chaodong , Li Wang , Feng Xiaodong
Published: May 2021

In high-speed train (HST) communication, the application of 5G technology is of great importance. The massive multi-input multi-output (massive MIMO) technology in HST communication has advantages, but there are problems of inter-channel interference and multiple antennas synchronization. Spatial modulation has been widely used as a technology to solve this problem. In order to ensure the security of the HST wireless communication system, a hyperchaotic antenna-index spatial permutation modulation (HASPM) is proposed by combining chaos theory on the basis of spatial modulation technology. Aiming at the problem of reduced spectrum efficiency in traditional encryption algorithms due to pre-shared keys, channel information and noise interference, the proposed HASPM physical layer encryption scheme can improve above shortcomings on the basis of secure communication. The multipath fading effect is reduced, the bit error rate (BER) performance is greatly improved, and the system security and reliability are thus guaranteed. The evaluation results of calculation analysis and simulation on the scheme verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Noise Immune Dielectric Modulated Dual Trench Transparent Gate Engineered MOSFET as a Label Free Biosensor: Proposal and Investigation
Authors: SEN DIPANJAN , De Arpan , Goswami Bijoy , Shee Sharmistha , Sarkar Subir Kumar
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have examined and proposed a dielectrically modulated biosensor based on the dual trench transparent gate engineered MOSFET (DM DT GE-MOSFET) for label-free detection of biomolecules with enhanced sensitivity and efficiency. Different sensing parameters such as the ION/IOFF, threshold voltage shift have been evaluated to validate the sensing metric for the proposed device. Additionally, the SVth (Vth Sensitivity) has been also analyzed by considering the charged (positive and negative) biomolecules. In addition to this, the RF sensing parameters such as the transconductance gain and cut-off frequency have been also taken into account to provide a better insight into the sensitivity analysis of the proposed device. Furthermore, the linearity, distortion and noise immunity of the device has been evaluated to check the overall performance of the biosensor at high frequency (GHz). Moreover, the results indicate that, the proposed biosensor exhibits a SVth of 0.68 for the positively charged biomolecules at a very low drain bias (0.2 V). Therefore, the proposed device can be used as an alternative to the conventional FET-based biosensors.
Meta-Analysis: A Comparison of Aspirin and Rivaroxaban for Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism After Hip or Knee Arthroplasty.
Authors: Haque Md Ariful , Ying Xiong , Jami Sayed Abdulla , YunFeng Ren , Mobarak Siam Al , Jiayu Xiao
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Knee arthroplasty and hip arthroplasty (THA) patients are susceptible to post-operative venous thromboembolism(VTE). Doctors are increasingly recommending the application of different thromboprophylaxis agents such as rivaroxaban. The agents are primarily effective in preventing thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty. Similarly, recent research suggests aspirin as one of the cost-effective interventions for preventing thromboembolism. Accordingly, this meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of Aspirin against Rivaroxaban for the prevention or treatment of thromboembolism following knee arthroplasty and knee arthroplasty.Methods: The researcher relied on electronic searches of about five databases. The database searches identified relevant studies used to extract meta-analyzed data and information. The databases included PubMed, Cinahl, Medicine, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(CDSR), Pharma GKB, SAGE, from inception to December 2020.Results: Different studies from the five databases we are included in this study. The studies include 2257 in the aspirin group and 2337 in the rivaroxaban group. The result revealed no significant difference between Aspirin and Rivaroxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.Conclusion: The meta-analysis result affirmed no statistically significant difference between Aspirin and Rivaroxaban in preventing venous thromboembolism, a joint arthroplasty, or hip fracture surgery. However, some health care professionals find aspirin a more effective, safe, convenient, and affordable alternative for preventing venous thromboembolism. Thus the meta-analysis recommends extensive randomized studies to confirm the stipulated outcomes.
Using BTA Algorithm for Finding Nash Equilibrium Problem Aiming the Extraction of Rules in Rule Learning
Authors: Boudaghi M. , Mahan F. , Isazadeh A.
Published: May 2021

It is crystal clear that discovering the rules for finding a specific pattern among given data for extraction of association rules and rule-based learning systems has been defined. There is much research that make use of game theory for the processes contributing to discovery of rules. In recent years, modeling based on game theory in rule learning sphere has gained much more attention by computer scientists. When there is independence between the strategies used by two or more different players the strategy game modeling could be used. In this view, strategic play is a desirable model for situations with no permanent strategic relationship among interactions. In addition, Nash equilibrium is the most widely used solution concept in game theory. This concept is a state-of-the-art interpretation of a strategy game. Each player has an accurate prediction of other players' behavior and acts according to such a rational prediction. In the present study, by extracting rules from frequent patterns we have presented a model that can extract learning rules by abstraction based on game theory, which can be used not only for association rules but also for rule-based learning systems. Also, the introduced method can be easily generalized to fuzzy data. To Find Nash Equilibrium (FNE) in the proposed method, we used meta-heuristic Bus Transportation Algorithm (BTA).The results indicated that the method reduces computational complexity in the associate rule discovery process and rule learning, provided that FNE is solved.
All-Cause Mortality And Cardiovascular Events In A Spanish Nonagenarian Cohort According To Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Status And Established Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Salinero-Fort MA , Mostaza-Prieto J , Lahoz-Rallo C , Cárdenas-Valladolid J , Vicente-Díez JI , Gómez-Campelo P , de Miguel-Yanes JM
Published: May 2021

Background: To analyze all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in nonagenarians from a Mediterranean population.Methods: Primary Health Care (265 health centres)Participants: Primary health records of all the nonagenarians living in the Community of Madrid (N=59,423). We defined 4 groups according to prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease: (1) type 2 diabetes mellitus (-), cardiovascular disease (-); (2) type 2 diabetes mellitus (-), cardiovascular disease (+); (3) type 2 diabetes mellitus (+), cardiovascular disease (-); and (4) type 2 diabetes mellitus (+), cardiovascular disease (+). Follow-up time was 2.5 years. Primary outcome: Cumulative incidence and the density incidence rates of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke (combined they constituted the first composite primary outcome (CPO1)), and heart failure (similarly, combined with the previous they constituted CPO2). We evaluated the adjusted effect of groups classification on all-cause mortality (Cox regression). Results. Mean age was 93.3±2.8 years; 74.2% were women. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2 were significantly more prevalent in group 4 (type 2 diabetes mellitus (+), cardiovascular disease (+)) than in the other groups (all p values <0.001). We observed significantly higher rates of cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality, CPO1 and CPO2 in participants belonging to group 4 (all p values ≤0.001). People in group 2 (type 2 diabetes mellitus (-), cardiovascular disease (+)) presented higher rates of all-cause mortality, heart failure, CPO1 and CPO2 than people in group 3 (type 2 diabetes mellitus (+), cardiovascular disease (-)) (all p values ≤0.001). In the fully-adjusted model, prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus plus established cardiovascular disease (group 4) independently predicted all-cause mortality (HR=1.48 (95% CI, 1.40 to 1.57) as compared to reference group 1 (type 2 diabetes mellitus (-), cardiovascular disease (-)) (p <0.01). Also, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus alone showed significant HRs (1.13 and 1.14, respectively; both p values <0.01)).Conclusions. In Spanish nonagenarians, established cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus conferred modest all-cause mortality risks. The concurrent presence of both conditions conferred the highest all-cause mortality risk.
Damage Analysis of Chemically Corroded Sandstone Under Cyclic Impact and Static Axial Pressure
Authors: Zhao Zhuyu , Xue Jinchun , JIN Jiefang , Tan Li , Cai Ruoyan , Xia Wenbin
Published: May 2021

To explore the influence of cyclic impact and axial pressure on the damage of chemically corroded sandstone, a series of cyclic impact tests were carried out on white sandstone by using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The longitudinal sections and fractures of samples were observed with the scanning electron microscope. The aim was to investigate the damage characteristics and structural changes of sandstone, that subjected to the coupling of force and chemistry. The results show that: (1) When pH of solution is 7, the total cyclic impact number and stress peak of specimens both became larger, and the rock samples responded with a significantly high resistant strength. (2) The stress wave transmission coefficient of sandstone decreases gradually with the increase of the number of cyclic impacts, while the reflection coefficient shows a tendency of" decreasing first and then increasing". (3) Cylindrical specimens with a certain axial pressure present an "X" shaped conjugate failure under cyclic impact. When axial pressure is too large or excessive impact, the "X" shaped conjugate undergoes shear to a state of broken cone. (4) The vertical section and fracture surface damage degree of white sandstone soaked in Na2SO4 solution is more serious than that in NaCl solution.
Research on Roof Fracture Characteristics of Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Roof Cutting and Non-Pillar Mining in Thick Coal Seam, China
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhao Mengye , Huang Qingxiang , Xu Kai , Wu Yuyi , Gu Wenzhe
Published: May 2021

Based on the S1201-2 large height mining in the 2-2 coal seam of Ningtiaota colliery with on-site microseismic measurement, physical simulation and theoretical analysis methods, this paper explores the rule of roof movement in thick coal seams with roof cutting and non-pillar (hereinafter referred to as RCN-P) mining, so as to obtain scientific and effective theoretical basis for entry support and to summarize the regional structural characteristics and dynamic periodic fracture characteristics. As can be seen from microseismic events, the entry roof is featured by "two zones and one line" along the horizontal direction, namely, the crack generation area, the roof movement area. Additionally, and the obvious lateral breaking of the entry roof on the coal wall is a typical feature of the thick coal seam with RCN-P mining. The roof is vertically divided into "three zones", the crack generation area, the roof movement area and the crack development area. The roof cutting activity mainly affects the overburden activity within the basic roof height range, which is also the roof movement area. In addition, the distribution frequency and the intensity of microseismic events indicate the roof periodic breaking characteristics. The "breaking pressure relief,” “advanced crack development,” and “the limit breaking state” of roof breaking corresponds to the initial, middle, and final stage of breaking in the periodic weighting process, respectively. Compared with the normal mining, the RCN-P mining reduces the periodic weighting length and increases the pressure strength. As is shown in the physical simulation experiment, the basic roof and the cutting control layer in the "regional structural characteristics" constitute the “large” and “small” structures with RCN-P mining. The basic roof key layer is the core to control the stability of the strata, and the breaking process from the cantilever beam to the short masonry beam of the roof-cutting control layer is the main cause of the entry stress. Correspondingly, the basic structure model of “short masonry-hinged” roof was proposed and the calculation method of support was established for the entry with RCN-P mining in thick coal seam, providing a research foundation for scientific and effective rock formation control.
A Saturated-unsaturated Coupling Model for Groundwater Flowing into Seepage Wells: A Modeling Study for Groundwater Development in River Basins
Authors: Ke Xianmin , Wang Wei , Xu Xiangdong , Li Jinlong , Hu Haiyang
Published: May 2021

As a major and popular groundwater extraction structure, seepage wells are often used to transfer river water into aquifers for harvesting water resources. It can help ameliorate the imbalance between supply and demand, especially in areas of water shortage. Large drawdowns due to pumping may cause the river to disconnect from the groundwater and to form an unsaturated zone, which seriously affects the efficiency of seepage wells. However, most of the current models of extraction structures of non-tube wells only account for saturated flow and do not consider unsaturated conditions. To address this limitation, a saturated-unsaturated coupling model has been developed using the exchange flow rate between the well pipe and the aquifer as the coupling point. Moreover, the model was evaluated with physical simulation test data. The statistical results indicated that the model can estimate the drawdown and pumping rate well with root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) of 0.0114 m and 0.0079 L/s, respectively, for a river with strong leakage capacity, and 0.0129 m and 0.0099 L/s, respectively, for a river with weak leakage capacity. The critical drawdown, where the river disconnects from the aquifer, as well as variations of the unsaturated zone, is also discussed. The present study provides important information for the design of seepage wells with reasonable drawdown while being able to predict the potential water yield, and at the same time help protect the groundwater environment.
Effects of E-Waste Exposure on Biomarkers of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and their Associations with Level of Heavy Metals in Blood
Authors: Wang Ziye , Xue Kaibing , Wang Zhanshan , Zhu Xiaojing , Guo Chen , Qian Yan , Li Xiaoqian , Li Zhigang , Wei Yongjie
Published: May 2021

Excess heavy metals increase the risk of various diseases. Electronic waste (e-waste) is a potential route to heavy metal exposure, and Taizhou is a large e-waste dismantling area in China. In this study, we acquire blood samples from residents living near an e-waste recycling area (exposed group) and other residents in a selected reference area (reference group) for a comparative study in Taizhou in December 2017. Seven heavy metals, including cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) are quantitatively determined in all blood samples. It is discovered that the levels of Co, Ni, Sn, and Pb in the exposed group are higher than those in the reference group. Additionally, two crucial biomarkers of coronary heart disease (CHD), i.e., troponin (Tn) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and two biomarkers of oxidative stress, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane (8-I), are measured. We discovered that the levels of these indicators in the exposed group are significantly higher than those in the reference group. Meanwhile, both the Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analysis show that Ni is positively correlated with Tn, MPO, 8-I, and MDA. Hence, we hypothesize that exposure to e-waste increases the risk of CHD, and that Ni is an important contributor to the initiation of the disease.
Gender Differences in Shoulder Performance Fatiguability are Affected by Arm Position, Dominance and Muscle Group
Authors: Horobeanu Cosmin , Pullinger Samuel A. , Paulus Julien , Savoia Cristian , Wong Fui Yen , Seurot Antoine , Croisier Jean Louis , Forthomme Benedicte
Published: May 2021

Background: Injury prevalence data, muscle strength, and fatiguability have shown differences between males and females. In addition, arm spatial orientation affects muscle activation and strength of the shoulder muscles, but little to no research has been conducted in relation to the shoulder rotator muscles comparing men and women. Therefore, the main aim of of this study was to perform a comparative investigation between two arm spatial orientations (45⁰ and 90⁰ of abduction in frontal plane) during a fatigue assessment of shoulder internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles. Secondly, the interaction of gender and dominance with muscular performance was assessed.Methods: Forty healthy sedentary participants, 20 males and 20 females took part in this study. Participants performed a fatigue resistance protocol consisting of 30 consecutive maximal concentric contractions of the IR and ER shoulder muscles in a supine position at a speed of 180⁰/s. The upper limb was abducted to an angle of 45⁰ or 90⁰ in frontal plane and each subject was tested on dominant and nom-dominant side, counterbalanced in order of administration. Performance measures of Induced Fatigue (IF), Cumulated Performance (C.Perf) and Best repetition (BR) were calculated and used for further analysis.Results: There was a significant difference in angle, with higher values observed in 90⁰ of abduction compared to 45⁰ of abduction for C.Perf by 6% and 7% for BR (P < 0.0005) in the ER. The dominant arm was significantly higher than the non-dominant arm for C.Perf with higher values of 9.7% at 90⁰ of abduction compared to 45⁰ of abduction (P = 0.017) and BR with higher values of 4.2% at 90⁰ of abduction compared to 45⁰ of abduction (P < 0.0005) in the ER in males. There was a significant difference in muscle group, with higher values observed in the IR for C.Perf (88.2%), BR (22.5%) and IF (36.9%); at 90⁰ of abduction compared to 45⁰ of abduction in males (P < 0.0005). Significantly higher values were observed for C.Perf in females between the dominant and non-dominant arm for the IR and ER (P < 0.0005). The females showed significantly lower values for C.Perf (47.74-55.10%) and BR (47.30-53.41%) in both muscle groups, both testing positions and in both limbs, when compared to males (P < 0.05)Discussion: It was established that an increase in the abduction angle will influence the strength of ER muscles in favour of the 90° angle without any differences observed in IR muscles. Males were found to produce approximately double the amount of work done compared to females, but the amount of induced fatigue was no different between both groups. Conclusion: Therefore, these findings are useful for clinicians throughout the monitoring of rehabilitation programs in sedentary individuals following shoulder injuries.
A Case Study on Development of Water-flow Fractured Zone During Close-Distance Repeated Coal Mining
Authors: Luan Yuanzhong , Shi Yaofan , Yu Shui , Dong Yue , Yan Yong
Published: May 2021

The upper and lower seam of seam No.3 of some coal mines in Shandong Province are in close proximity which can be regards as close-distance coal seam mining.This paper takes the close-distance working face of Fucun coal mine as engineering background and mainly focuses on the investigation and research on inaccuracy of the forecasting and incompetence of the developing principles of water-flow fractured zone(WFFZ)during close-distance coal seam group mining.First,calculations on the height of WEEZ by adopting empirical formula.And FLAC3D software was established to calculate the height of the overburden WFFZ after repeated mining of the upper and lower seam of seam No.3.At the same time,using the double-ended water plugging observation technology of downhole drilling and upward hole drilling by analyzing the water injection loss ratio of the reference hole and the post-mining hole,the accurate numerical values of the WFFZ and the ratio of WFFZ height to mining height(W-M ratio)are obtained.The comparative analysis shows that the numerical simulation results are close to the measured ones,and the empirical formula is not applicable to the near-distance repeated mining.Finally,the prediction model is established based on the measured height of the WFFZ of multiple working faces,which provides a scientific basis for further exploring the development law of the overlying rock in underwater coal mining and ensuring the safe mining of coal seams at close distances.
Unloading Response Characteristics of Cross Fault Caverns: Effect of Fault Angles
Authors: Shang Yong-Hui , Xu Lin-Rong , Li Yong-Wei
Published: May 2021

The research of unloading response characteristics of caverns with weak structure has important engineering value for the development and construction of underground space. In this paper, firstly, the cross fault cavity model is established based on particle flow code (PFC) software, considering different fault dip angles. The parallel bond model (PBM) is used in the cavern model and the smooth joint model (SJM) is used in the fault model. Then, the mechanical, acoustic emission (AE), energy response characteristics and failure modes of the cavern model with different fault angles are explored. The research result show that the fault angle has a great influence on the stress distribution and failure modes of surrounding rock.The existence of faults does not change the overall law of AE evolution curve, that is, the number of AE hits increases first and then decreases. However, the existence of faults changes the maximum number of AE hits and the duration of AE. When the cavern is unloaded, the strain energy of the model first decreases and then increases.
Description of a Telephone and Internet-based Intervention to Improve Community Responses to COVID-19 Spread
Authors: Guruge Najith Duminda Galmangoda , Rathnayake Nadeeka , Abhayasinghe Kalpani
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis paper describes the process and results of a health promotion intervention to engage lay communities using telephone and online communication, to improve their current responses to the spread of COVID-19. MethodsAn intervention was conducted from March to July 2020 in three districts of Sri Lanka. Seven ‘trigger’ stories were shared through telephone or online communication to stimulate brainstorming and engage selected community members in repeated discussions to identify, prioritise and implement what they too agreed were potentially beneficial actions. The process was monitored, outcomes evaluated monthly and activities modified according to ongoing observations. ResultsA total of 638 families (both adults and children) involved themselves actively in implementing useful actions, and reported an increased sense of personal control. Potential risk groups, best feasible community safety precautions and preparation to face challenges in the event of infection reaching their community were identified during brainstorming sessions with community mobilizers. A majority reported that they felt more confident, united and less anxious about handling potential risks and problems. Other beneficial outcomes include lifestyle changes leading to healthier behaviours and a sense of greater control over the conditions that govern their lives. ConclusionUse of telephone and online communication were effective in generating desirable community changes.
Discoloration of dyes by Trametes spp
Authors: Santana Valeria Ferreira da Silva Costa , Gusmão Norma Buarque , Gibertoni Tatiana Baptista , Silva Leonor Alves de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

The dyes used in the textile industry contribute significantly to pollution of water sources as they are disposed, most of the time, without proper treatment. The objective of this work was to test three strains of two species of the genus Trametes collected in Brazil against the ability to discolor the indigo carmine dye and to detect the activity of the enzymes laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. The experiment was carried out in Kirk medium under static, non-sterile condition, at ±28 °C for 120 h. Trametes lactinea (URM8350) discolored 81.40% of the indigo carmine dye, T. lactinea (URM8354) 85.09% and T. villosa (URM8022) 96.11%. Laccase was detected in all specimens. Manganese peroxidase was detected in T. villosa (URM8022) and T. lactinea (URM8354), while lignin peroxidase was not detected in any of the isolates under the conditions of the experiment. The discoloration rates observed demonstrate the ability of the strains to discolor carmine indigo and the promising use in the discoloration processes in wastewater from the textile segment.
Manuscript title Microparticles Containing MiR-625-5p In Coronary Artery Reduce Myocardial Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wen Ningxin , Zhang Qi , Wu Xuan , Gao Jianing , Xu Yangkai , Jiang Zongzhe , Liu Changjie , Ji Liang , Zu Linyun
Published: May 2021

PurposeBlood from infarct-related arteries obtained by thrombus aspiration is good material for studying the local microenvironment of blood vessels in myocardial infarction. Here, we aimed to observe the effects of intracoronary microparticles (MPs) on cardiac fibrosis and to find associated microRNAs in MPs.MethodsBlood samples were collected from patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention, and sub-supersonic centrifugation was used to separate the MPs.ResultsWe found that rats treated with intracoronary MPs showed better cardiac function after myocardial infarction compared with rats treated with PBS control or peripheral MPs. RNA microarray analysis indicated that microRNAs, especially miR-625-5p, may play a role in the process. Supplementation with miR-625-5p inhibited proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and myocardial fibrosis in a mouse myocardial infarction model. ConclusionOur findings indicate that plasma MPs in infarct-related arteries in patients with acute myocardial infarction can inhibit myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function, with a process mediated by miR-625-5p and HMGA1 (high mobility group AT-hook 1). The current study may provide a possible reference for thrombus aspiration standard.