bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of Aedes aegypti Dicer 2 provides insights into the biogenesis of antiviral exogenous small interfering RNAs
Authors: Gestuveo Rommel J. , Parry Rhys , Dickson Laura B. , Lequime Sebastian , Sreenu Vattipally B. , Arnold Matthew J. , Khromykh Alexander A. , Schnettler Esther , Lambrechts Louis , Varjak Margus , Kohl Alain
Published: January 2022

The exogenous small interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathway is a key antiviral mechanism in theAedes aegyptimosquito, a widely distributed vector of human-pathogenic arboviruses. This pathway is induced by virus-derived double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) that are cleaved by the ribonuclease Dicer 2 (Dcr2) into predominantly 21 nucleotide (nt) virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). These vsiRNAs are used by the effector protein Argonaute 2 within the RNA-induced silencing complex to cleave target viral RNA. Dcr2 contains several domains crucial for its activities, including helicase and RNase III domains. InDrosophila melanogasterDcr2, the helicase domain has been associated with binding to dsRNA with blunt-ended termini and a processive siRNA production mechanism, while the platform-PAZ domains bind dsRNA with 3’ overhangs and subsequent distributive siRNA production. Here we analyzed the contributions of the helicase and RNase III domains inAe.aegyptiDcr2 to antiviral activity and to the exo-siRNA pathway. Conserved amino acids in the helicase and RNase III domains were identified to investigate Dcr2 antiviral activity in anAe.aegypti-derived Dcr2 knockout cell line by reporter assays and infection with mosquito-borne Semliki Forest virus (Togaviridae,Alphavirus). Functionally relevant amino acids were found to be conserved in haplotypeDcr2sequences from field-derivedAe.aegyptiacross different continents. The helicase and RNase III domains were critical for silencing activity and 21 nt vsiRNA production, with RNase III domain activity alone determined to be insufficient for antiviral activity. Analysis of 21 nt vsiRNA sequences (produced by functional Dcr2) to assess the distribution and phasing along the viral genome revealed diverse yet highly consistent vsiRNA pools, with predominantly short or long sequence overlaps including 19 nt overlaps (the latter representing most likely true Dcr2 cleavage products). Combined with the importance of the Dcr2 helicase domain, this suggests that the majority of 21 nt vsiRNAs originate by processive cleavage. This study sheds new light onAe.aegyptiDcr2 functions and properties in this important arbovirus vector species.
Dependência, pressão e recuperação de recursos florestais no Parque Nacional do Limpopo (Moçambique)
Authors: Sousa Vilela João de , Pires Cristiano , Geldenhuys Coert J. , Figueiredo Albano
Published: January 2022

The general perception is that forest resources exploitation can cause the degradation and loss of resources and biodiversity, promoted by landscape fragmentation and pressure over habitats. But such assumption might not be adjusted to situations where long term exploitation by traditional communities is based on management strategies adapted to recovery, adjusting pressure to kept resources available. In this work, we assess the recovery of the Mopane woodlands considering different land use practices and stand development stages on areas explored by local communities. In detail, we want to explore: i) changes on stem size across plant comunities dominated by Mopane (Kirk ex Benth ex J. Leonard); ii) relationships between the variation in stem size across communities and the associated land use practices and vegetation stand development stage. To answer those questions, an inventory was carried out to collect data from 50 temporary circular plots of different sizes spatially nested, covering four stand development stages. Each nested circular plot was composed of a large plot (0.02 ha), an intermediate plot (0.04 ha), and an inner plot (0.01 ha) for counting stems of different DBH. Data was analysed using Excel, Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and CANOCO, and several parametric and non-parametric tests. TWINSPAN analysis, using stem counts, grouped the 1746 stems from 29 species (with Mopane as one species) into 5 communities and 10 sub-communities, based on indicator species and eigenvalues (level of stability). This study was carried out in the Limpopo National Park (LNP), in Mozambique, a conservation area established in 2001 and part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) since 2002. Acording to the results, population structure (size class distribution of trees) of Mopane communities showed variation related to stand development stage, as expected. The initial stages show good regeneration, indicating that recovery is not hampered by the exploitation regime in use, a critical aspect once ecosystem dynamics of Mopane woodland has a deep influence on the way that local communities manage harvesting of Mopane products for different uses, and traditional uses do also have influence on recovery dynamics. So, management of such resource is critical to ensure sustainable resource use and guarantee provision for future generations. For that, a zonation of Mopane woodlands within the Park, considering different land uses, might enhance a quick system recovery on specific areas and contribute to woodland productivity, good quality products and reduce used areas, promoting habitat conservation.
3S Traveling – Turizmus a poszt-Covid19 érában
Authors: Megyeri Gábor , Boros Kitti , Fekete Balázs
Published: January 2022

A 2020-ban világméretűvé terebélyesedett koronavírus-járvány a világ nemzeteinek mindennapi életét meghatározó jelenséggé vált. Tanulmányunkban egy olyan terméket – karkötőt – alkottunk meg teoretikusan, amely két meghatározó turisztikai szegmens, a konferencia- és az ifjúsági turizmus, valamint azok résztvevőinek szemszögéből mutatja be az egészségbiztonság és az érintésmentesség fontosságát a jövőbeli utazások során. Az új termék ötletéhez a B-bridge emléktárgy tervezői koncepcióját vettük alapul, ami egy olyan eszköz, ami aktív és inaktív állapotban is segítheti a turistákat. Aktív állapotában turisztikai szolgáltatásokat vehet igénybe a Budapestre érkező turista a terméken keresztül, míg inaktív állapotában emléktárgyként szolgál az utazási emlékek előhívására. Jelen kutatásunk eredménye a 3S (Safe, Secure és Smart szavak kezdőbetűiből álló) koncepció, ami a designkommunikáció módszerén alapul, és ami a poszt-Covid19 érában a turisták egészségbiztonságát helyezi előtérbe. A 3S koncepció kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszik a jövő utazásai során, mivel az utazók Budapesthez fűződő bizalmát erősíti.
A inserção do registro fotográfico na Revista da Semana: trajetória em 1900
Authors: De Luca Tania Regina
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é acompanhar a expectativa que cercou o lançamento da Revista da Semana e o seu primeiro ano de circulação. O periódico é sempre mencionado na historiografia por ter sido a primeiro a valer-se, de forma sistemática, da impressão direta da fotografia. O semanário, que mudou de mãos poucos meses após o lançamento, permite acompanhar as experimentações e as incertezas que envolveram os primórdios da inserção do registro fotográfico em suas páginas.
Ainda somos pecadores? Sobre o tempo histórico e o anacronismo
Authors: De Sá Avelar Alexandre , Svampa Lucila
Published: January 2022

Ao longo das últimas três ou quatro décadas, os historiadores vêm demonstrando uma preocupação sensível com o tema da multiplicidade temporal. Ao tempo linear e homogêneo, característico de um regime disciplinar cada vez mais questionado, eles contrapõem “novas formas, múltiplas, variadas, policrônicas”. Essa pluralização expressa também questões políticas candentes, como aquelas relacionadas aos nossos tantos passados traumáticos, nos quais diversas modalidades de horror e de violência estatal indicam a persistência incontornável de experiências ainda sentidas como contemporâneas.
De íconos en decadencia y estatuas derribadas: sobre los restos de un pasado incómodo
Authors: Svampa Lucila
Published: January 2022

La iconografía ha sido protagonista en el último tiempo de grandes controversias memoriales. Algunos ataques recientes a monumentos de figuras coloniales muestran representaciones del pasado fuera de lugar, que despiertan la ira colectiva. En este artículo nos concentraremos en revisar el rol de los monumentos en la representación del pasado, ateniendo a los distintos paradigmas a los que estos han obedecido. Pondremos, al mismo tiempo, en juego, algunas conceptualizaciones en relación a la memoria, para, por último, ofrecer algunas reflexiones sobre el anacronismo, más allá de la acusaci- ón de la escuela de los Annales. Serán de suma importancia, para ello, las contribuciones de Reinhart Koselleck y otros pensadores contemporáneos afines a la temática señalada.
Desvelando a construção de uma memória fonográfica do samba
Authors: Machado Adelcio Camilo
Published: January 2022

Dentre as muitas vertentes da canção popular brasileira que se consolidaram ao longo do século XX, o samba, em suas muitas manifestações, parece ocupar um lugar de destaque na produção bibliográfica, seja ela acadêmica ou não. Várias são as publicações que discorrem sobre o universo do samba, abrangendo sua história, seus personagens, seu repertório, seus estilos e suas intersecções com os cenários político, cultural e artístico. No campo da bibliografia produzida por jornalistas, críticos musicais e memorialistas, o samba tem presença marcante, tanto em textos que abordam a história da música popular brasileira de forma mais ampla1 quanto em publicações especificamente voltadas para o gênero2 ou para seus compositores e intérpretes.
Pôde-se cantar o hiv/aids? A trajetória do vírus e da síndrome no pop rock brasileiro nas décadas de 1980 e 1990
Authors: Gonçalves Ferreira Filho Renato
Published: January 2022

Este artigo objetiva mapear, articular e interpretar as representações do hiv/aids no pop rock brasileiro nas dé- cadas de 1980 e 1990, momento inicial da epidemia da síndrome e do vírus no Brasil. Através de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, que nos auxilia na interpretação dos processos de significação nas diversas camadas de sentido envolvidas na canção e na sua performance, debruçamo-nos sobre um selecionado repertório de canções lançadas entre 1983 e 1998 na tentativa de tecermos um fio interpretativo que enquadra o hiv/aids na cultura brasileira, desvelando-se os sentidos que envolveram a síndrome e o vírus naquela época. Como resultados, observamos a recorrência dos signos do hiv/aids na música brasileira e a qualidade de tais representações, além de apontarmos para possíveis relações síncronas entre cultura e epidemia,
Antagonistic activity of bacteria from wild honey against Colletotrichum musae, and testing of wild honey as biopesticide spray to control banana anthracnose
Authors: Rivarez Mark Paul Selda , Parac Elizabeth P. , Niño R. Laurel  , Benjamin V. Cunanan  , Angelie B. Magarro  , Dimasingkil Shajara Fatima M.
Published: January 2022

Anthracnose is a foliar and fruit disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. affecting a wide range of crops. Infection occurs early followed by quiescence in fruits, such as in banana, where chemical-based pesticides are used as a dependable fungal control for many years. There is an increasing need for a safe control and as implicated in the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (RA 10068) in the Philippines. This scenario drove the use of alternative pest control such as the use of biologicals and natural products. In this study, seven bacteria were isolated from wild honey, produced by Apis mellifera, wherein four (BC2, BC3, BC6 and BC7) were found to be an effective antagonist against Colletotrichum musae in in vitro conditions. These bacteria were identified to belong to the genus Lactobacillus spp. (BC2, BC3, BC7) and Bacillus spp. (BC6) based on sugar utilization tests, morphological and cultural growth in PDPA. For the in vivo test, different dilutions of wild honey were used and it was found out that lower concentrations were effective as biopesticide spray to prevent anthracnose infection. Lastly, we report herewith the first isolation of bacteria with biological control potential from wild honey, and to apply the raw or natural product as biopesticide in postharvest fruits.
Application methods of biostimulants affect the production and postharvest conservation of yellow melon
Authors: Góes Glêidson Bezerra de , Vilvert João Claudio , Araújo Nícolas Oliveira de , Medeiros José Francismar de , Aroucha Edna Maria Mendes
Published: January 2022

Worldwide, Brazil holds the fifth position in melon fruits exportation, further expanding its products to provide for the growing demand. This expansion is the result of the development and application of new technologies, including the management of the use of biostimulants. However, for melon crops, the information in the literature on the use of biostimulants remains limited to the effects of different doses on fruit quality at the time of harvest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different methods of pre-harvest application of two biostimulants on the production and postharvest conservation of fruits of yellow melon cv. Iracema. The treatments consisted of a combination of three factors: two plant biostimulants (Crop Set® and Spray Dunger®), two application methods of the products (fertigation and spraying), and five times of postharvest storage (0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days). An additional control treatment corresponded to plants without biostimulant application. The fruits were evaluated for production and physicochemical attributes: average mass, yield, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, SSC/TA ratio, pH, total soluble sugars, and weight loss. Fertigation is the recommended application method of biostimulants for yellow melon due to its effect on the increase of average mass, yield, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars of the fruits in relation to the spraying method.
Clinical outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy for prehospital treatment of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Câmara Priscila Fernandes Meireles , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Vitor Allyne Fortes , Frota Oleci Pereira , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Cruz Giovanna Karinny Pereira
Published: January 2022

Fibrinolytic Therapy (FT) is an important form of treatment for cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), especially in those places where Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is not available, which is the main form of treatment and can be used even in the prehospital care. Aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of the use of FT in prehospital care for treating patients with AMI. This research covered a total of 53 patients and was carried out from march to october 2017, referring to the care provided from january 2015 to december 2016 in two stages, in which the first occurred with the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) and Walk-in Emergency Care Units (UPA), and the second in the referenced hospital services as gateways to those units. Data were collected from secondary sources. The clinical outcomes of FT considered in the form of absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency were considered. The main signs and symptoms at admission were chest pain (84.62%), sweating (36.54%), dyspnea (26.92%), hypertension (19.23%), nausea (17.31%), malaise (17.31%) and emesis (13.46%). The main characteristic of chest discomfort was chest pain (70.45%). The FT drug administered in all patients was tenecteplase. The median time from symptom-to-door was 180 minutes, while symptom-reperfusion was 300 minutes and door-to-needle 160 minutes. Regarding the outcome, 74.47% had clinical improvement, 19.15% died, 4.25% had refractory AMI and 2.13% had reinfarction. The main characteristic of clinical improvement was the reversal of chest pain (68.57%), characterized as myocardial reperfusion criteria. The present study presented the main outcomes of FT use with improvement of those patients who were treated with it, and shorter times related to chest discomfort and the administration of FT were responsible for increasing the outcomes of clinical improvement and decreasing the outcome of death.
Bioactive content of six passion fruit genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil
Authors: Weber Diego , Hoffmann Jessica Fernanda , Barreto Caroline Farias , Zandoná Giovana Paula , Nachtigal Jair Costa , Chaves Fabio Clasen , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: January 2022

Passion fruit production in Brazil is concentrated in tropical regions, however, recently production has expanded to regions with temperate climate. Cultivar performance in different climate and soil can lead to variation in the contents of bioactive compounds in the juice and rind of the fruit. This study characterized the bioactive content of passion fruit rind and juice of six passion fruit genotypes (‘Catarina Roxo’, ‘Catarina’, ‘Urussanga’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’, ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’, and ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’) cultivated in southern Brazil. Phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents and the antioxidant potential of each fruit portion from each genotype were evaluated. Fruit composition varied with genotype and evaluated tissue. Bioactive compound contents were greatest in the rind of ‘Urussanga’ and ‘Catarina’, whereas the juice of ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ and ‘Catarina Roxo’ had the greatest bioactive content. Given cultivar and tissue variability for bioactive content, postharvest use of passion fruit will determine the choice of cultivar to obtain a product with maximum bioactive compounds. Passion fruit genotypes evaluated in this study have shown to be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Fruit rind has the potential to be explored in the scientific and technological scope, due to its high amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.
papel das mudanças na segmentação de eventos narrados
Authors: Araujo Neto Humberto Meira de , Oliveira Jr. Miguel
Published: January 2022

A capacidade de segmentar atividades contínuas em partes é um componente importante para compreender as narrativas. Estudos mostram que durante a percepção de uma atividade, seja realizada ou narrada, as mudanças nas características apresentadas na fonte de percepção atuam como chaves para a segmentação de fatos significativos. Neste estudo de revisão, observamos como as mudanças de situação (tempo, espaço, caráter, objeto, objetivo e causalidade) e físicos (marcas linguísticas) atuam no processo de segmentação de narrativas, com o objetivo de mostrar como as línguas de sinais compartilham características linguísticas e não linguísticas que atuam como pistas de demarcação de fronteiras no mecanismo de segmentação de eventos.
Critérios empiricamente verificáveis para a avaliação do vocabulário na produção oral do professor de língua estrangeira
Authors: Oliveira Diego Fernando de
Published: January 2022

O EPPLE (Exame de Proficiência para Professores de Línguas Estrangeiras) é um instrumento avaliativo em constante aprimoramento (CONSOLO e TEIXEIRA DA SILVA, 2014; COLOMBO, 2019) que se volta para a avaliação da proficiência do professor de LE no contexto brasileiro. Atualmente, o EPPLE possui apenas uma escala holística para a avaliação do desempenho oral de candidatos, desenvolvida intuitivamente. Dessa forma, é necessário que se construa uma escala de proficiência analítica empiricamente embasada para a produção de um argumento para a validade dos critérios avaliativos que classificam os desempenhos orais no exame. A precisão do vocabulário empregado, entre outros construtos da competência linguística, é de extrema importância para a proficiência oral do professor de LE, uma vez que o professor ensina a LE utilizando a língua-alvo em contextos comunicativos (FREEMAN et al., 2015). O presente estudo apresenta resultados da aplicação dos EBBs (Empirically derived, Binary choice, Boundary definition scales), metodologia empírica para o desenvolvimento de critérios avaliativos e escalas de proficiência linguística desenvolvida por Upshur e Turner (1999), em amostras do banco de dados do EPPLE. A partir da análise, construiu-se de um quadro de critérios empiricamente verificáveis para a avaliação da precisão do vocabulário empregado pelos candidatos do exame, assim como desenvolveu-se uma escala de proficiência analítica que contempla a coerência do vocabulário empregado, o uso preciso de terminologia técnica e o (re)conhecimento de palavras-chave relacionadas à tarefa metalinguística.
Remote audit in the times of COVID-19: A successful process safety initiative
Authors: Barretto Cyro Rodrigues , Drumond Geisa Meirelles , Méxas Mirian Picinini
Published: January 2022

Goal: This paper presents a case study in which the practice of Internal Process Safety Audit of the studied company needed to develop a system of remote audits during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The system was analyzed in the light of recent theoretical references, having all its phases described, as well as its results and future prospects.
Results: The systematic approach involved the development of specific procedures for planning and carrying out audits using a digital platform. The practice was implemented from March 2020 through August 2021. It was approved by the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) and is currently used as a reference for other operators in oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) in Brazil.
Limitations of the investigation: The choice of a unique case study, restricted to a practice adopted since the beginning of the pandemic, brought some theoretical-methodological limitations. The authors chose to adopt participant observations due to the inclusion of one of the authors in the process of conducting the audits.
Practical implications: The main contribution of this study focuses on the results of the critical analyses carried out to find the strengths and opportunities for improvement that could be adopted by organizations that have similar processes.
Originality / Value: The added value of this study refers to the scope of the remote audit, as it is about Process Safety. The studies presented so far refer mostly to remote certification audits or maintenance of the quality management system, with emphasis on ISO 9001.
Self-determination and “the Right to Specificity”. Concerning Hegel’s Theory of Modern Freedom
Authors: Rózsa Erzsébet
Published: January 2022

In this paper, it will be shown that Hegel’s philosophical thematisation of subjective freedom has given a fundamental contribution to the historical innovation of modernity, which regards not only human rights, but also norms and values. Besides, it played an important role concerning the cultural transformation, i.e., the process of the realization of the historical innovation oriented towards the ideals of modern freedom. To show this, the author will focus on some passages from Hegel’s Philosophy of Right of 1820, in which Hegel regarded subjective freedom as universally-normative and, at the same time, as socially and historically contextualized (situated, respectively). Hegel, namely, explicates modern freedom in its ideality and moral normativity, addressing its realization in particular forms of life. Marriage, for instance, as it will be shown towards the end of this contribution, exemplified as the right to particularity, is the normative basis of modern subjective freedom. Tensions and collisions will permanently challenge this type of freedom and also require permanent (and self-defeating) efforts invested in striving for a (too contextualized and situated) „reconciliation“ (in Hegel´s terms Versöhnung).
КОМУНІКАТИВНИЙ МЕТОД У ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОМУ ПІДХОДІ ДО НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors: LIAKH TETIANA
Published: January 2022

The way the communicative method functions in a professionally oriented approach to teaching Ukrainian foreign students of medical specialties has been little studied, and that determines the relevance of this topic. It has been found that there is a controversy in scientific thought concerning the role of both communicative and grammar components of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. Moreover, modern textbooks do not provide sufficient exercises to develop professional communication. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of the communicative method in a professionally oriented approach to teaching Ukrainian (as a foreign language), and to develop appropriate exercises and tasks. The conclusion is that in the process of learning to communicate in a foreign language, it is important for students to present and master grammatical material. Samples of tasks and exercises aimed at developing the communicative and grammar competence of foreign medical students in professional communication are presented.
Self-similar solutions to fully nonlinear curvature flows by high powers of curvature
Authors: Gao Shanze , Li Haizhong , Wang Xianfeng
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate closed strictly convex hypersurfaces in

ℝ

n
+
1

{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}

which shrink self-similarly under a large family of fully nonlinear curvature flows by high powers of curvature. When the speed function is given by powers of a homogeneous of degree 1 and inverse concave function of the principal curvatures with power greater than 1, we prove that the only such hypersurfaces are round spheres. We also prove that slices are the only closed strictly convex self-similar solutions to such curvature flows in the hemisphere

𝕊
+

n
+
1

{\mathbb{S}^{n+1}_{+}}

with power greater than or equal to 1.
Geometric nilpotent Lie algebras and zero-dimensional simple complete intersection singularities
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Yau Stephen S.-T. , Zuo Huaiqing
Published: January 2022

The Levi theorem tells us that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra is the semi-direct product of a semi-simple Lie algebra and a solvable Lie algebra. Brieskorn gave the connection between simple Lie algebras and simple singularities. Simple Lie algebras have been well understood, but not the solvable (nilpotent) Lie algebras. Therefore, it is important to establish connections between singularities and solvable (nilpotent) Lie algebras. In this paper, we give a new connection between nilpotent Lie algebras and nilradicals of derivation Lie algebras of isolated complete intersection singularities. As an application, we obtain the correspondence between the nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension less than or equal to 7 and the nilradicals of derivation Lie algebras of isolated complete intersection singularities with modality less than or equal to 1. Moreover, we give a new characterization theorem for zero-dimensional simple complete intersection singularities.
Solving nonlinear boundary value problems by a boundary shape function method and a splitting and linearizing method
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , El-Zahar Essam R. , Chang Chih-Wen
Published: January 2022

In the paper, we develop two novel iterative methods to determine the solution of a second-order nonlinear boundary value problem (BVP), which precisely satisfies the specified non-separable boundary conditions by taking advantage of the property of the corresponding boundary shape function (BSF). The first method based on the BSF can exactly transform the BVP to an initial value problem for the new variable with two given initial values, while two unknown terminal values are determined iteratively. By using the BSF in the second method, we derive the fractional powers exponential functions as the bases, which automatically satisfy the boundary conditions. A new splitting and linearizing technique is used to transform the nonlinear BVP into linear equations at each iteration step, which are solved to determine the expansion coefficients and then the solution is available. Upon adopting those two novel methods very accurate solution for the nonlinear BVP with non-separable boundary conditions can be found quickly. Several numerical examples are solved to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed iterative algorithms, which are compared to the shooting method.
An improved proximal method with quasi-distance for nonconvex multiobjective optimization problem
Authors: Amir Fouzia , Farajzadeh Ali , Alzabut Jehad
Published: January 2022

Multiobjective optimization is the optimization with several conflicting objective functions. However, it is generally tough to find an optimal solution that satisfies all
objectives from a mathematical frame of reference. The main objective of this article is to present an improved proximal method involving quasi-distance for constrained multiobjective optimization problems under the locally Lipschitz condition of the cost function. An instigation to study the proximal method with quasi distances is due to its widespread applications of the quasi distances in computer theory. To study the convergence result, Fritz John’s necessary optimality condition for weak Pareto solution is used. The suitable conditions to guarantee that the cluster points of the generated sequences are Pareto–Clarke critical points are provided.
Clinical, pathological and molecular spectrum of patients with glycogen storage diseases in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sibtain , Akbar Fizza , Ali Amyna Jaffar , Afroze Bushra
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Evaluation of clinical, biochemical and molecular analysis of Pakistani patients with hepatic GSDs.

Methods

Medical charts, biochemical, histopathological and molecular results of patients with hepatic GSD were reviewed.

Results

Out of 55 GSD patients, 41 (74.5%) were males and 14 (25.5%) were females with consanguinity in 50 (91%) patients. The median age of initial symptoms, clinic diagnosis and molecular diagnosis were 450 (IQR: 270–960), 1,095 (IQR: 510–1,825) and 1717 (IQR: 796–3,011) days, respectively. Molecular analysis and enzyme activity was available for 33 (60%) and two patients, respectively. GSD III (n=9) was most prevalent followed by GSD Ib (n=7), GSD IXc (n=6), GSD VI (n=4), GSD Ia (n=3), GSD XI (n=3), GSD IXb (n=2) and GSD IXa (n=1). In patients (n=33) who underwent molecular analysis; 19 different variants in eight genes associated with GSD were identified. We also report five novel variants, two in SLC37A4, one in AGL and two in PYGL contributing to the diagnosis of GSD Ib, GSD III and GSD VI, respectively.

Conclusions

Fifty-five patients of GSDs in 26 families from a single care provider indicate a relatively high frequency of GSD in Pakistan, with multiple unrelated families harboring identical disease-causing variants, on molecular analysis, including two known pathogenic variants in SLC37A4 and PHKG2, and a novel variant in AGL.
Some new results on the weaving of K-g-frames in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Xiang Zhong-Qi
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we provide some conditions for a K-woven pair of K-g-frames to be preserved under an operator and particularly, we report that applying two different operators to a K-woven pair of K-g-frames can leave them K-woven. Several new methods on the construction of K-woven pair of K-g-frames are also given. We end the paper with a new perturbation result on the weaving of K-g-frames, which shows that, under the perturbation condition involved in one known result on this topic, two K-g-frames can be K-woven in the whole space, not merely in the subspace Range(K).
Pharmaceutical interest of in-silico approaches
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Pooja , Mahajan Ayush , Dhawan Ravi , Dua Kamal
Published: January 2022

The virtual environment within the computer using software performed on the computer is known as in-silico studies. These drugs designing software play a vital task in discovering new drugs in the field of pharmaceuticals. These designing programs and software are employed in gene sequencing, molecular modeling, and in assessing the three-dimensional structure of the molecule, which can further be used in drug designing and development. Drug development and discovery is not only a powerful, extensive, and an interdisciplinary system but also a very complex and time-consuming method. This book chapter mainly focused on different types of in-silico approaches along with their pharmaceutical applications in numerous diseases.
Membrane techniques in the production of beverages
Authors: Staszak Katarzyna , Wieszczycka Karolina
Published: January 2022

The most important developments in membrane techniques used in the beverage industry are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the production of fruit and vegetable juices and nonalcoholic drinks, including beer and wine. This choice was dictated by the observed consumer trends, who increasingly appreciate healthy food and its taste qualities.
Impaired Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function Persists Despite Improvements in Reactive Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Read Paul J. , Pedley Jason S. , Eirug Ifan , Sideris Vasileios , Oliver Jon L.
Published: January 2022

Read, PJ, Pedley, JS, Eirug, I, Sideris, V, and Oliver, JL. Impaired stretch-shortening cycle function persists despite improvements in reactive strength followingafter anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1238–1244, 2022—Reactive strength index (RSI) during a single-leg drop jump (SLDJ) has been indicated to determine return-to-sport readiness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but only cross-sectional studies are available. Ground reaction force data and characterization of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function also remain sparse. Single-leg drop jump performance, ground reaction force, and SSC function were examined in soccer players with ACL reconstruction (n = 26) and matched controls (n = 25). Injured players were tested at 2 time points (32 and 42 weeks postsurgery). Stretch-shortening cycle function was classified as good (no impact peak and spring like), moderate (impact peak but still spring like or no impact peak and not spring like), or poor (impact peak and not spring like). The involved limb displayed lower-jump height, poorer RSI, less spring-like behavior, earlier peak landing force, and a greater ratio of landing peak to take-off peak force compared with the uninvolved limb and controls at the initial assessment (p < 0.001). Proportionally, more involved limbs were categorized as poor or moderate at the initial assessment (69.2%) and follow-up (50%) in comparison with the control limbs (14%). The reactive strength index was the only variable to change significantly between the initial assessment and follow-up on the involved limb (p < 0.05). No changes in the proportion of ACL reconstructed individuals categorized as poor or moderate SSC function at the follow-up assessment were observed. Residual deficits are present in SLDJ performance, SSC function, and ground reaction force characteristics after ACL reconstruction. The reactive strength index should not be the sole metric, as observed increases did not correspond with changes in SSC function.
Online Education in Human Parasitology during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan: Our Experiences, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Lei Jiahui , Guan Fei , Zhu Honggang , Liu Wenqi
Published: January 2022

Traditional face-to-face teaching in medical schools has been suspended during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and remote online learning has consequently been implemented as an emergency measure. This study aims to share our experiences in exploring online teaching of human parasitology and to discuss the possible advantages, challenges and perspectives that we observed during Wuhan’s lockdown due to the pandemic. The application of online education is likely to be an indispensable component of post-COVID-19 interactive online parasitology courses. Our experience might provide an example for the future development of interactive online medical courses.
The Anti-Inflammatory Agent Bindarit Attenuates the Impairment of Neural Development through Suppression of Microglial Activation in a Neonatal Hydrocephalus Mouse Model
Authors: Iwasawa Eri , Brown Farrah N. , Shula Crystal , Kahn Fatima , Lee Sang Hoon , Berta Temugin , Ladle David R. , Campbell Kenneth , Mangano Francesco T. , Goto June
Published: January 2022

Neonatal hydrocephalus presents with various degrees of neuroinflammation and long-term neurologic deficits in surgically treated patients, provoking a need for additional medical treatment. We previously reported elevated neuroinflammation and severe periventricular white matter damage in theprogressive hydrocephalus(prh) mutant which contains a point mutation in theCcdc39gene, causing loss of cilia-mediated unidirectional CSF flow. In this study, we identified cortical neuropil maturation defects such as impaired excitatory synapse maturation and loss of homeostatic microglia, and swimming locomotor defects in early postnatalprhmutant mice. Strikingly, systemic application of the anti-inflammatory small molecule bindarit significantly supports healthy postnatal cerebral cortical development in theprhmutant. While bindarit only mildly reduced the ventricular volume, it significantly improved the edematous appearance and myelination of the corpus callosum. Moreover, the treatment attenuated thinning in cortical Layers II–IV, excitatory synapse formation, and interneuron morphogenesis, by supporting the ramified-shaped homeostatic microglia from excessive cell death. Also, the therapeutic effect led to the alleviation of a spastic locomotor phenotype of the mutant. We found that microglia, but not peripheral monocytes, contribute to amoeboid-shaped activated myeloid cells inprhmutants' corpus callosum and the proinflammatory cytokines expression. Bindarit blocks nuclear factor (NF)-kB activation and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, in theprhmutant. Collectively, we revealed that amelioration of neuroinflammation is crucial for white matter and neuronal maturation in neonatal hydrocephalus. Future studies of bindarit treatment combined with CSF diversion surgery may provide long-term benefits supporting neuronal development in neonatal hydrocephalus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn neonatal hydrocephalus, little is known about the signaling cascades of neuroinflammation or the impact of such inflammatory insults on neural cell development within the perinatal cerebral cortex. Here, we report that proinflammatory activation of myeloid cells, the majority of which are derived from microglia, impairs periventricular myelination and cortical neuronal maturation using the mouseprhgenetic model of neonatal hydrocephalus. Administration of bindarit, an anti-inflammatory small molecule that blocks nuclear factor (NF)-kB activation, restored the cortical thinning and synaptic maturation defects in theprhmutant brain through suppression of microglial activation. These data indicate the potential therapeutic use of anti-inflammatory reagents targeting neuroinflammation in the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus.
The Pandemic and Criminal Law – A Look at Theory and Practice in Germany
Authors: Lorenz Henning , Turhan Engin
Published: January 2022

This article provides an overview of the topic of the pandemic from the perspective of criminal law theory and practice in Germany. First of all, the major criminal offences of bodily injury and murder are discussed in the context of infecting a person with the Coronavirus and the (possible) consequences of having Covid-19, such as risk of death. The dilemmatic situation of triage, i.e., allocating limited intensive care resources, is illustrated in relation to the same offences. Then, the more specific crimes that came to the fore in the course of the pandemic are addressed. Subsidy fraud due to the state aids intended to compensate for the financial damage in the marketplace because of pandemic-related measures, and issuance or use of incorrect health certificates for exemption from the obligation to wear a face mask fall within this scope. Finally, the administrative offences law of the German Infection Protection Act was discussed, primarily with regard to regulations that violate the principle of legal certainty.
Selected Considerations Regarding the Digitalisation of Criminal Proceedings in Light of the Standards of the Council of Europe: Analysis Taking into Account the Experience of the Current Pandemic
Authors: Karski Karol , Oręziak Bartłomiej
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to prepare an analysis in order to formulate propositions regarding the digitalisation of Polish criminal proceedings as regards the administration of justice. These hypotheses would have merited consideration even pre-pandemic, but they demand even more attention as a result of the pandemic. The pandemic has served to highlight the pre-existing necessity to adapt criminal law to the latest observable technical and technological advances. In light of the above, the first issue to be analysed concerns the conditions, procedures, and possibilities surrounding the collection of evidence electronically, taking into account the most recent relevant guidelines of the Council of Europe. The second issue to be examined will be the adaptation of criminal procedures, including Polish, to the standards stipulated in the Convention of the Council of Europe on Cybercrime of 23 November 2001, in light of national norms regarding evidence gathering. The third issue that will be assessed in this study will be the benefits, risks, or potential of the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in criminal procedure. The consideration of each of the three areas will have regard to the present global pandemic. The article concludes with a concise summary containing the authors’ conclusions and propositions de lege ferenda.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Economic Crime
Authors: Pawluczuk-Bućko Paulina
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to outline possible directions of criminal activity that are part of both state and global economic crime. It is not a novelty that periods of economic crises carry particular criminogenic potential, affecting the scale and dynamics of specific crime categories. The ongoing pandemic makes precise data collection or statistical calculations, in the context of the problems described in this paper, difficult. Nevertheless, at this stage, it is possible to indicate certain areas which, from the perspective of criminal law, should be of interest for criminal law specialists, but also criminologists aiming to develop tools to combat the most serious pathologies in business trading.
Introduction of Art. 276a of the CCP as a Result of the Impact of the SARS-CoV–2 Pandemic on the Criminal Trial
Authors: Niegierewicz-Biernacka Adrianna
Published: January 2022

One of the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV–2) in the context of the impact on the Polish criminal trial was the introduction to the Code of Criminal Procedure of a new preventive measure related to the protection of medical personnel, specified in the new editorial unit – Art. 276a of the CCP. This measure was introduced by the Act of March 31, 2020, amending the Act on special solutions related to the prevention, counteraction, and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the crisis situations caused by them, and some other acts, and is a novelty in the Polish criminal procedure. The purpose of this article is to investigate a new preventive measure defined in Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure in terms of the legitimacy of its introduction to the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure. Three research problems will be analysed. The first concerns the extent to which the introduction of the new preventive measure under Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure was necessary in terms of the need to provide special protection to medical personnel in Poland. The second research problem concerns the extent to which the application of the new preventive measure under Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure corresponds to the assumptions of the Polish legislator and what is the ratio legis of the analysed regulation. The third research problem boils down to the extent to which the amendment to Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure corresponds to the rules of legislative technique.
Diversidad y conservación de los mamíferos mayores de Loreto, Perú
Authors: Diaz Silvia , Sánchez-Vendizú Pamela , Graham-Angeles Laura , Pacheco Víctor
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo, presentamos una lista actualizada de mamíferos mayores para Loreto compuesta por 72 especies en 8 órdenes y 25 familias. Esta lista fue elaborada a partir de la minuciosa revisión de bases de datos, colecciones zoológicas y publicaciones científicas. En Loreto se encuentran 5 especies endémicas nacionales: Lagothrix flavicauda, Saguinus (Leontocebus) illigeri, Saguinus (Leontocebus) nigrifrons, Pithecia aequatorialis y Pithecia isabela, siendo las tres últimas también endémicas para Loreto. Se encontraron 292 localidades diferentes a partir de 3286 registros de mamíferos mayores. Se presenta un mapa de distribución de las localidades analizadas remarcando ecorregiones y registros históricos (antes del 2001) y contemporáneos (después del 2001). Asimismo, se presentan mapas con la distribución de las localidades donde han sido registradas las 72 especies estudiadas, y un mapa de densidad de las localidades registradas, el cual permite identificar dos zonas con vacíos de información: 1) la zona Datem del Marañón-Loreto y 2) la zona Alto Amazonas-Ucayali. Estas zonas requieren evaluaciones urgentes para complementar el conocimiento de la biodiversidad de Loreto y sustentar adecuadamente los planes de conservación y desarrollo sustentable.
Posibles impactos de la carretera Iquitos-Saramiriza sobre la biodiversidad de Loreto, Perú
Authors: Maffei Leonardo , Cossios E. Daniel
Published: January 2022

La construcción de la carretera Iquitos-Saramiriza proyectada en el departamento de Loreto plantea amenazas sobre la fauna y flora de una zona altamente biodiversa y poco alterada. Aquí, resumimos dichas amenazas en tres puntos: 1) impactos probables, identificados a través de revisión de literatura, 2) estimación de la deforestación, realizada por comparación con otras carreteras amazónicas peruanas y 3) especies más probablemente impactadas. La lista de impactos probables incluyó fragmentación de hábitat, deterioro ambiental, atropellos, dispersión de patógenos, especies invasoras, deforestación, caminos no oficiales y cacería. Estos impactos podrían afectar a unas 3961 especies de plantas y 1595 de vertebrados. La deforestación, en el transcurso de las tres próximas décadas, podría llegar a ser entre 1128 y 3200 km², lo que equivale a más del 80% de la deforestación que ha sufrido Loreto en los últimos 20 años. La fragmentación podría afectar principalmente a unas 83 especies arborícolas y ampliarse hasta la totalidad de fauna y flora en áreas con mayor deforestación. Los atropellos impactarían principalmente a unas 287 especies de animales terrestres, mientras la cacería podría dirigirse hacia unas 31 especies principales. Para 14 especies de vertebrados, la carretera corta completamente su distribución conocida, pudiendo generar poblaciones con poco o nulo intercambio genético. En base a los posibles impactos proyectados, proponemos acciones de mitigación, incluyendo el remplazo de un tramo por transporte fluvial, creación de áreas de protección estricta, instalación de pasos de fauna y la consideración de impactos indirectos en el EIA correspondiente y en otros instrumentos ambientales.