bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Conversation in Apocalyptic Times
Authors: Butusov Yury , Shevtsova Maria
Published: November 2023

Undoubtedly one of the most prominent and most important Russian directors of the past two decades, Yury Butusov here refers to several landmarks of his artistic trajectory, gradually revealing a sense of oeuvre, of a body of work connected by a distinctive worldview. Not all of his productions of exceptional significance are cited here, and Flight (2015), at the Vakhtangov Theatre in Moscow, not having found its rightful place here, appears separately at the end. This Conversation, while intentionally taking a wide perspective, nevertheless focuses on production details so as to foreground various artistic qualities that distinguish his approach. Butusov discusses at some length what constitutes his directorial method and methodology, stressing, above all, the primacy of creative freedom for his actors and himself from which emerge complex and highly charged theatre constructions. Butusov, who is against war as such, speaks of his position on the Russian-Ukrainian war, which led to his resignation in 2018 from the artistic directorship of the Lensoviet Theatre in St Petersburg. He became Principal Director of the Vakhtangov, alongside the acclaimed Rimas Tuminas, Artistic Director of this theatre. Tuminas resigned from his post in spring 2022. Butusov and his family left Russia for Paris, and Butusov resigned from the Vakhtangov in November 2022. His production of Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is to be premiered at the Russian- and Lithuanian-speaking Vilnius Old Theatre in September 2023. This conversation took place on 23 March and 27 April 2023 on Zoom, and was translated from the Russian and edited by Maria Shevtsova.
Health Outcomes among the Frail Elderly in Communities and Institutions: Use of The Minimum Data Set (MDS) to Create Effective Linkages between Research and Policy
Authors: Hirdes John P. , Carpenter G. Iain
Published: November 2023

Researchers and policy-makers interested in the needs of the frail elderly in community and institutional settings have had limited success in forming policy based on empirical evidence. The reasons for this have included a variety of organizational and political considerations (e.g., lack of effective communication mechanisms), conceptual and methodological issues (e.g., problems with reliability and validity of existing data sources) and limitations in knowledge (e.g., lack of longitudinal data across health care sectors). The Minimum Data Set (MDS) series of instruments may prove useful in dealing with these difficulties. The MDS instruments have multiple uses for different audiences (e.g., care provision, funding and quality improvement). Extensive international testing has shown the MDS to be valid and reliable, and translations are available in 11 different languages. As implementation of the MDS begins in Canada, a number of new concerns will need to be addressed (e.g., confidentiality and access to data).
Using a Participatory Research Process to Make a Difference in Policy on Aging
Authors: McWilliam Carol L.
Published: November 2023

As policy emerges from the interplay of economic, political, and social forces, determining whether research has made a difference to policy choices on aging issues is extremely difficult. Such a determination demands attention to the "black box" of the policy process, and the setting within which policy ultimately operates. This paper presents a Seniors' Independence Research Program as a case illustration of how research has made a difference to policy choices by stakeholder involvement throughout the research process. Strategies ensure stakeholder collaboration in policy issue search, filtration, definition, and prioritization; involvement in the design, implementation, and evaluation of health services models; and participation in achieving long-term evidence-based changes in policy and practice.
Seniors’ Views of Medication Reimbursement Policies: Bridging Research and Policy at the Point of Policy Impact
Authors: Chappell Neena L. , Maclure Malcolm , Brunt Howard , Hopkinson Jennifer , Mullett Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Escalating medication prices are forcing drug benefit programs worldwide to change their payment policies. Physicians object that this intrudes on their long established authority to prescribe medications they judge best for their patients. This paper reports data from focus groups and a large random sample of seniors in British Columbia who were asked for their views towards Pharmacare's reference based pricing (RBP) policy. Seniors expressed the desire for physicians to be more knowledgeable and more involved in all aspects of medical care including policy changes. They have confidence in physicians as a credible source of information, but they also have as much confidence in pharmacists and almost as much in the Ministry of Health. Seniors overwhelmingly accept, and the majority support government's efforts with their cost-saving Pharmacare policies. Furthermore, those who know more about the policy are more likely to support it. The paper closes with a discussion of the feedback process with decision-makers.
Linear quadratic approximation of rationally inattentive control problems
Authors: Miao Jianjun , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a linear quadratic approximation approach to dynamic nonlinear rationally inattentive control problems with multiple states and multiple controls. An efficient toolbox to implement this approach is provided. Applying this toolbox to five economic examples demonstrates that rational inattention can help explain the comovement puzzle in the macroeconomics literature.
Carbon Dioxide’s Effect on Mountain Climate Systems
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: November 2023

Greenhouse gases are rising in the atmosphere. But how will precipitation patterns change as climate systems rise over mountain chains?
A Link Between Hydroclimate Variability and Biomass Burning During the Last Millennium in the Interior Pacific Northwest
Authors: Mark S. Z. , Abbott M. B. , Steinman B. A. , Fernandez A. , Wise E. K. , Walsh M. K. , Whitlock C.
Published: November 2023

We present oxygen isotope and charcoal accumulation records from two lakes in eastern Washington that have sufficient temporal resolution to quantitatively compare with tree‐ring records and meteorological data. Hydroclimate reconstructions from tree‐rings and lake sediments show close correspondence after accounting for seasonal‐ to centennial‐ scale temporal sensitivities. Carbonate δ18O measurements from Castor and Round lakes reveal that the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) experienced wetter November‐March conditions than the Little Ice Age (LIA). Charcoal records from Castor, Round, and nearby lakes show elevated fire activity during the LIA compared to the MCA. Increased multidecadal hydroclimate variability after 1250 CE is evident in proxy records throughout western North America. In the Upper Columbia River Basin, multidecadal wet periods during the LIA may have enhanced fuel loads that burned in subsequent dry periods. A notable decline in biomass burning occurred with Euro‐American settlement in the late nineteenth century.
How Sea Level Rise May Hit You Through the Backdoor: Changing Extreme Water Levels in Shallow Coastal Lagoons
Authors: Lorenz Marvin , Arns Arne , Gräwe Ulf
Published: November 2023

Due to their choked geometry, coastal lagoons can attenuate extreme water levels compared to the open sea. However, this protective property is expected to decrease due to sea‐level rise. By studying idealized lagoons in a non‐dimensional parameter space, this study describes non‐linear interactions between tides, storm surges, freshwater fluxes into the lagoon, and sea‐level rise. The non‐dimensional numbers include lagoon geometry and forcing scales. The main objective is to provide an overview of potentially affected lagoons and to highlight the importance of attenuation changes due to sea‐level rise. Tidal and storm surge induced maximum water levels inside lagoons rise faster than sea‐level rise for most of the parameter space. Maximum water levels due to freshwater fluxes rise slower than sea‐level rise for strongly choked lagoons. For compound events, the response between rising faster or slower than sea‐level rise depends strongly on the lagoon geometry.
Astronomical Pacing of Middle Eocene Sea‐Level Fluctuations: Inferences From Shallow‐Water Carbonate Ramp Deposits
Authors: Brachert T. C. , Agnini C. , Gagnaison C. , Gély J.‐P. , Henehan M. J. , Westerhold T.
Published: November 2023

Astrochronologically calibrated deep‐sea records document the Cenozoic (66–0 Ma) global climatic cooling in great detail, but the magnitude of sea‐level fluctuations of the middle Eocene Warmhouse state (47.8–37.7 Ma) and the ∼40.3 Ma warming event of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is not well constrained. Here, we present a sequence stratigraphic classification of a shallow marine mixed carbonate—clastic ramp system for this time interval in Paris basin, France. Based on sedimentologic, paleogeographic and biostratigraphic data, we hypothesize that the 22 elementary sequences recognized each correspond to the long cycle of orbital eccentricity (0.405 Myr). With the exception of the MECO, the shoreline trajectory of superimposed, third‐order depositional sequences evolved in phase with the very long cycles of orbital eccentricity (2.4 Myr), suggesting significant polar ice build‐up leading to sea level lowstands during nodes of the very long eccentricity cycle. Inferred from Fischer Plot methodology, Lutetian third‐order eustasy was in the order of 5–10 m and during the MECO 30 m or more. Furthermore, the shallow‐water record implies that third order sea‐level changes were astronomically paced in the middle Eocene Warmhouse climate state, but a decoupling occurred during the transient MECO warming.
Improving the accuracy of blood pressure measuring devices in Australia: a modelled return on investment study
Authors: Desson Zachary , Sharman James E. , Searles Andrew , Schutte Aletta E. , Delles Christian , Olsen Michael Hecht , Ordunez Pedro , Hure Alexis , Morton Rachael , Figtree Gemma , Webster Jacqui , Jennings Garry , Redfern Julie , Nicholls Stephen J. , McNamara Martin , Deeming Simon , Doyle Kerry , Ramanathan Shanthi
Published: November 2023

The VALID BP project was initiated to increase the availability of validated blood pressure measuring devices (BPMDs). The goal is to eliminate non validated BPMDs and minimise over- and underdiagnosis of hypertension caused by inaccurate readings. This study was undertaken to assess the potential return on investment in the VALID BP project. The Framework to Assess the Impact of Translational Health Research was applied to the VALID BP project. This paper focuses on the implementation of the cost benefit analysis aspect of this framework to monetise past research investment and model future research costs, implementation costs, and benefits. Analysis was based on reasoned assumptions about potential impacts from availability and use of validated BPMDs (assuming an end goal of 100% validated BPMDs available in Australia by 2028) and improved skills leading to more accurate BP measurement. After 5 years, with 20% attribution of benefits, there is a potential $1.14–$1.30 return for every dollar spent if the proportion of validated BPMDs and staff trained in proper BP measurement technique increased from 20% to 60%. After eight years (2020–2028) and assuming universal validation and training coverage, the returns would be between $2.70 and $3.20 per dollar spent (not including cost of side effects of unnecessary medication or downstream patient impacts from unmanaged hypertension). This modelled economic analysis indicates there will be positive downstream economic benefits if the availability of validated BPMDs is increased. The findings support ongoing efforts toward a universal regulatory framework for BPMDs and can be considered within more detailed future economic analyses.
Comparison of various vasopressin doses to epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in asphyxiated neonatal piglets
Authors: Ramsie Marwa , Cheung Po-Yin , Lee Tze-Fun , O’Reilly Megan , Schmölzer Georg M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Current neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend epinephrine for cardiac arrest. Vasopressin might be an alternative during asphyxial cardiac arrest. We aimed to compare vasopressin and epinephrine on incidence and time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in asphyxiated newborn piglets.

Design/methods

Newborn piglets (n = 8/group) were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented, and exposed to 30 min of normocapnic hypoxia, followed by asphyxia and asystolic cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomized to 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8IU/kg vasopressin, or 0.02 mg/kg epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously measured.

Results

Median (IQR) time to ROSC was 172(103–418)s, 157(100–413)s, 122(93–289)s, and 276(117–480)s for 0.2, 0.4, 0.8IU/kg vasopressin, and 0.02 mg/kg epinephrine groups, respectively (p = 0.59). The number of piglets that achieved ROSC was 6(75%), 6(75%), 7(88%), and 5(63%) for 0.2, 0.4, 0.8IU/kg vasopressin, and 0.02 mg/kg epinephrine, respectively (p = 0.94). The epinephrine group had a 60% (3/5) rate of post-ROSC survival compared to 83% (5/6), 83% (5/6), and 57% (4/7) in the 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8IU/kg vasopressin groups, respectively (p = 0.61).

Conclusion

Time to and incidence of ROSC were not different between all vasopressin dosages and epinephrine. However, non-significantly lower time to ROSC and higher post-ROSC survival in vasopressin groups warrant further investigation.

Impact

Time to and incidence of ROSC were not statistically different between all vasopressin dosages and epinephrine.

Non-significantly lower time to ROSC and higher post-ROSC survival in vasopressin-treated piglets.

Overall poorer hemodynamic recovery following ROSC in epinephrine piglets compared to vasopressin groups.

Human neonatal clinical trials examining the efficacy of vasopressin during asphyxial cardiac arrest will begin recruitment soon.
Long-term spaceflight composite stress induces depression and cognitive impairment in astronauts—insights from neuroplasticity
Authors: Yin Yishu , Liu Junlian , Fan Quanchun , Zhao Shuang , Wu Xiaorui , Wang Jiaping , Liu Yu , Li Yongzhi , Lu Weihong
Published: November 2023

The environment on the space station is quite unique compared to Earth, which is a composite of multiple stressors, such as microgravity, isolation, confinement, noise, circadian rhythm disturbance, and so on. During prolonged space missions, astronauts have to stay in such extreme environments for long periods, which could induce adverse effects on both their physical and mental health. In some circumstances, this kind of long-term spaceflight composite stress (LSCS) could also induce depression and cognitive impairment in various ways, including dysregulating the neuroplasticity of the brains of astronauts, which should be attached to great importance. Here, we have comprehensively reviewed the impact of individual and combined stressors on depression and cognitive function during long-term spaceflight, explained the underlying mechanisms of those effects from the perspective of neuroplasticity, and current countermeasures for mitigating these challenges. This review provides insights into LSCS and potential neuroplasticity mechanisms, current with potentially great impact for understanding and mitigating the mental health risks and traumas of career astronauts and space tourists.
Crosstalk with lung fibroblasts shapes the growth and therapeutic response of mesothelioma cells
Authors: Chrisochoidou Yakinthi , Roy Rajat , Farahmand Pooyeh , Gonzalez Guadalupe , Doig Jennifer , Krasny Lukas , Rimmer Ella F. , Willis Anne E , MacFarlane Marion , Huang Paul H. , Carragher Neil O. , Munro Alison F. , Murphy Daniel J. , Veselkov Kirill , Seckl Michael J. , Moffatt Miriam F. , Cookson William O. C. , Pardo Olivier E.
Published: November 2023

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelial layer associated with an extensive fibrotic response. The latter is in large part mediated by cancer-associated fibroblasts which mediate tumour progression and poor prognosis. However, understanding of the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts in this disease is mostly lacking. Here, using co-cultures of patient-derived mesothelioma cell lines and lung fibroblasts, we demonstrate that fibroblast activation is a self-propagated process producing a fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggering drug resistance in mesothelioma cells. Following characterisation of mesothelioma cells/fibroblasts signalling crosstalk, we identify several FDA-approved targeted therapies as far more potent than standard-of-care Cisplatin/Pemetrexed in ECM-embedded co-culture spheroid models. In particular, the SRC family kinase inhibitor, Saracatinib, extends overall survival well beyond standard-of-care in a mesothelioma genetically-engineered mouse model. In short, we lay the foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mesothelioma/fibroblast communication for the treatment of mesothelioma patients.
Short-term acidification promotes diverse iron acquisition and conservation mechanisms in upwelling-associated phytoplankton
Authors: Lampe Robert H. , Coale Tyler H. , Forsch Kiefer O. , Jabre Loay J. , Kekuewa Samuel , Bertrand Erin M. , Horák Aleš , Oborník Miroslav , Rabines Ariel J. , Rowland Elden , Zheng Hong , Andersson Andreas J. , Barbeau Katherine A. , Allen Andrew E.
Published: November 2023

Coastal upwelling regions are among the most productive marine ecosystems but may be threatened by amplified ocean acidification. Increased acidification is hypothesized to reduce iron bioavailability for phytoplankton thereby expanding iron limitation and impacting primary production. Here we show from community to molecular levels that phytoplankton in an upwelling region respond to short-term acidification exposure with iron uptake pathways and strategies that reduce cellular iron demand. A combined physiological and multi-omics approach was applied to trace metal clean incubations that introduced 1200 ppm CO2for up to four days.Although variable, molecular-level responses indicate a prioritization of iron uptake pathways that are less hindered by acidification and reductions in iron utilization. Growth, nutrient uptake, and community compositions remained largely unaffected suggesting that these mechanisms may confer short-term resistance to acidification; however, we speculate that cellular iron demand is only temporarily satisfied, and longer-term acidification exposure without increased iron inputs may result in increased iron stress.
Determining zebrafish dorsal organizer size by a negative feedback loop between canonical/non-canonical Wnts and Tlr4/NFκB
Authors: Zou Juqi , Anai Satoshi , Ota Satoshi , Ishitani Shizuka , Oginuma Masayuki , Ishitani Tohru
Published: November 2023

In vertebrate embryos, the canonical Wnt ligand primes the formation of dorsal organizers that govern dorsal-ventral patterns by secreting BMP antagonists. In contrast, inDrosophilaembryos, Toll-like receptor (Tlr)-mediated NFκB activation initiates dorsal-ventral patterning, wherein Wnt-mediated negative feedback regulation of Tlr/NFκB generates a BMP antagonist-secreting signalling centre to control the dorsal-ventral pattern. Although both Wnt and BMP antagonist are conserved among species, the involvement of Tlr/NFκB and feedback regulation in vertebrate organizer formation remains unclear. By imaging and genetic modification, we reveal that a negative feedback loop between canonical and non-canonical Wnts and Tlr4/NFκB determines the size of zebrafish organizer, and that Tlr/NFκB and Wnts switch initial cue and feedback mediator roles betweenDrosophilaand zebrafish. Here, we show that canonical Wnt signalling stimulates the expression of the non-canonical Wnt5b ligand, activating the Tlr4 receptor to stimulate NFκB-mediated transcription of the Wnt antagonist frzb, restricting Wnt-dependent dorsal organizer formation.
Speos: an ensemble graph representation learning framework to predict core gene candidates for complex diseases
Authors: Ratajczak Florin , Joblin Mitchell , Hildebrandt Marcel , Ringsquandl Martin , Falter-Braun Pascal , Heinig Matthias
Published: November 2023

Understanding phenotype-to-genotype relationships is a grand challenge of 21st century biology with translational implications. The recently proposed “omnigenic” model postulates that effects of genetic variation on traits are mediated bycore-genes and -proteins whose activities mechanistically influence the phenotype, whereasperipheralgenes encode a regulatory network that indirectly affects phenotypes via core gene products. Here, we develop a positive-unlabeled graph representation-learning ensemble-approach based on a nested cross-validation to predict core-like genes for diverse diseases using Mendelian disorder genes for training. Employing mouse knockout phenotypes for external validations, we demonstrate that core-like genes display several key properties of core genes: Mouse knockouts of genes corresponding to our most confident predictions give rise to relevant mouse phenotypes at rates on par with the Mendelian disorder genes, and all candidates exhibit core gene properties like transcriptional deregulation in disease and loss-of-function intolerance. Moreover, as predicted for core genes, our candidates are enriched for drug targets and druggable proteins. In contrast to Mendelian disorder genes the new core-like genes are enriched for druggable yet untargeted gene products, which are therefore attractive targets for drug development. Interpretation of the underlying deep learning model suggests plausible explanations for our core gene predictions in form of molecular mechanisms and physical interactions. Our results demonstrate the potential of graph representation learning for the interpretation of biological complexity and pave the way for studying core gene properties and future drug development.
Spatial transcriptomics uncover sucrose post-phloem transport during maize kernel development
Authors: Fu Yuxin , Xiao Wenxin , Tian Lang , Guo Liangxing , Ma Guangjin , Ji Chen , Huang Yongcai , Wang Haihai , Wu Xingguo , Yang Tao , Wang Jiechen , Wang Jirui , Wu Yongrui , Wang Wenqin
Published: November 2023

Maize kernels are complex biological systems composed of three genetic sources, namely maternal tissues, progeny embryos, and progeny endosperms. The lack of gene expression profiles with spatial information has limited the understanding of the specific functions of each cell population, and hindered the exploration of superior genes in kernels. In our study, we conduct microscopic sectioning and spatial transcriptomics analysis during the grain filling stage of maize kernels. This enables us to visualize the expression patterns of all genes through electronical RNA in situ hybridization, and identify 11 cell populations and 332 molecular marker genes. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate the spatial storage mechanisms of the three major substances in maize kernels: starch, protein, and oil. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional genes that control agronomic traits in maize kernels.
Daily fluctuation of colonic microbiome in response to nutrient substrates in a pig model
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Xu Rongying , Li Qiuke , Su Yong , Zhu Weiyun
Published: November 2023

Studies on rodents indicate the daily oscillations of the gut microbiota have biological implications for host. However, the responses of fluctuating gut microbes to the dynamic nutrient substrates are not fully clear. In the study, we found that the feed intake, nutrient substrates, microbiota and metabolites in the colon underwent asynchronous oscillation within a day. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate peaked during T24 ~ T27 (Timepoint 24, 12:00 pm, T27, 03:00 am) whereas branched SCFAs isobutyrate and isovalerate peaked during T09 ~ T12. Further extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) revealed that the fluctuation of feed intake dynamically correlated with the colonic carbon substrates which further influenced the oscillation of sugar metabolites and acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate with a certain time shift. The relative abundance of primary degrader Ruminococcaceae taxa was highly related to the dynamics of the carbon substrates whereas the fluctuations of secondary degraders Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae taxa were highly correlated with the sugar metabolites. Meanwhile, colonic nitrogen substrates were correlated with branched amino acids and the branched SCFAs. Furthermore, we validated the evolution of gut microbes under different carbohydrate and protein combinations by using an in vitro fermentation experiment. The study pictured the dynamics of the micro-ecological environment within a day which highlights the implications of the temporal dimension in studies related to the gut microbiota. Feed intake, more precisely substrate intake, is highly correlated with microbial evolution, which makes it possible to develop chronotherapies targeting the gut microbiota through nutrition intervention.
Prediction models for hormone receptor status in female breast cancer do not extend to males: further evidence of sex-based disparity in breast cancer
Authors: Chatterji Subarnarekha , Niehues Jan Moritz , van Treeck Marko , Loeffler Chiara Maria Lavinia , Saldanha Oliver Lester , Veldhuizen Gregory Patrick , Cifci Didem , Carrero Zunamys Itzell , Abu-Eid Rasha , Speirs Valerie , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer prognosis and management for both men and women are reliant upon estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression to inform therapy. Previous studies have shown that there are sex-specific binding characteristics of ERα and PR in breast cancer and, counterintuitively, ERα expression is more common in male than female breast cancer. We hypothesized that these differences could have morphological manifestations that are undetectable to human observers but could be elucidated computationally. To investigate this, we trained attention-based multiple instance learning prediction models for ERα and PR using H&E-stained images of female breast cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 1085) and deployed them on external female (n = 192) and male breast cancer images (n = 245). Both targets were predicted in the internal (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.86 ± 0.02, p < 0.001; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.76 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and external female cohorts (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.78 ± 0.03, p < 0.001; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.80 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) but not the male cohort (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.66 ± 0.14, p = 0.43; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.63 ± 0.04, p = 0.05). This suggests that subtle morphological differences invisible upon visual inspection may exist between the sexes, supporting previous immunohistochemical, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses.
DOES - A multimodal dataset for supervised and unsupervised analysis of steel scrap
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Faltings Ulrike , Glaser Björn
Published: November 2023

DOES- Dataset of European scrap classes. Today, scrap is already an important raw material for industry. Due to the transformation to green steel, the secondary raw material scrap will become increasingly important in the coming years. WithDOESa free dataset is presented, which represents common non-alloyed European scrap classes. Two important points were considered in this dataset. First, scrap oxidizes under normal external conditions and the visual appearance changes, which plays an important role in visual inspections. Therefore,DOESincludes scrap images of different degrees of corrosion attack. Second, images of scrap metal (mostly scrap piles) usually have no intrinsic order. For this reason, a technique to extract many overlapping rectangles from raw images was used, which can be used to train deep learning algorithms without any disadvantage. This dataset is very suitable to develop industrial applications or to research classification algorithms. The dataset was validated by experts and through machine learning models.
Daylong acoustic recordings of grazing and rumination activities in dairy cows
Authors: Martinez-Rau Luciano S. , Chelotti José O. , Ferrero Mariano , Utsumi Santiago A. , Planisich Alejandra M. , Vignolo Leandro D. , Giovanini Leonardo L. , Rufiner H. Leonardo , Galli Julio R.
Published: November 2023

Monitoring livestock feeding behavior may help assess animal welfare and nutritional status, and to optimize pasture management. The need for continuous and sustained monitoring requires the use of automatic techniques based on the acquisition and analysis of sensor data. This work describes an open dataset of acoustic recordings of the foraging behavior of dairy cows. The dataset includes 708 h of daily records obtained using unobtrusive and non-invasive instrumentation mounted on five lactating multiparous Holstein cows continuously monitored for six non-consecutive days in pasture and barn. Labeled recordings precisely delimiting grazing and rumination bouts are provided for a total of 392 h and for over 6,200 ingestive and rumination jaw movements. Companion information on the audio recording quality and expert-generated labels is also provided to facilitate data interpretation and analysis. This comprehensive dataset is a useful resource for studies aimed at exploring new tools and solutions for precision livestock farming.
MultiXC-QM9: Large dataset of molecular and reaction energies from multi-level quantum chemical methods
Authors: Nandi Surajit , Vegge Tejs , Bhowmik Arghya
Published: November 2023

Well curated extensive datasets have helped spur intense molecular machine learning (ML) method development activities over the last few years, encouraging nonchemists to be part of the effort as well. QM9 dataset is one of the benchmark databases for small molecules with molecular energies based on B3LYP functional. G4MP2 based energies of these molecules were published later. To enable a wide variety of ML tasks like transfer learning, delta learning, multitask learning, etc. with QM9 molecules, in this article, we introduce a new dataset with QM9 molecule energies estimated with 76 different DFT functionals and three different basis sets (228 energy numbers for each molecule). We additionally enumerated all possible A ↔ B monomolecular interconversions within the QM9 dataset and provided the reaction energies based on these 76 functionals, and basis sets. Lastly, we also provide the bond changes for all the 162 million reactions with the dataset to enable structure- and bond-based reaction energy prediction tools based on ML.
FIKElectricity: A Electricity Consumption Dataset from Three Restaurant Kitchens in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Lucas , Aguiar Vitor , Vasconcelos Fábio , Martins Ricardo , Garcês Toni , Morais Hugo
Published: November 2023

Industrial Kitchens are very energy-intensive businesses, consuming between five and seven times more energy per square meter than other commercial spaces like office spaces and retail stores. Still, very little research has been carried out on improving the energy efficiency of this industry. This paper presents the FIKElectricity dataset, a collection of electricity data from three Portuguese restaurant kitchens during their daily operation. The duration of the datasets spans three to four weeks in each industrial kitchen and comprises aggregated and individual appliance consumption, collected at 1 Hz and $$\frac{1}{5}$$

1

5

Hz, respectively. The public release of FIKElectricity is expected to draw more attention from the research community to this overlooked industrial sector. The data collection and post-processing methods are thoroughly described in this paper, as well as the dataset organization. Examples showing the dataset’s quality and instructions for its reuse are also provided.
Toll-like receptor 9-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote Th17 immune responses in oral lichen planus stimulated by epithelium-derived cathepsin K
Authors: Miyahara Yuka , Chen Hu , Moriyama Masafumi , Mochizuki Keita , Kaneko Naoki , Haque A. S. M. Rafiul , Chinju Akira , Kai Kazuki , Sakamoto Mizuki , Kakizoe-Ishiguro Noriko , Yamauchi Masaki , Ogata Kenichi , Kiyoshima Tamotsu , Kawano Shintaro , Nakamura Seiji
Published: November 2023

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with T cell infiltration. The crosstalk between oral epithelium and mucosal T cells was considered to be crucial in the pathogenesis of OLP. Here, we selectively extracted the normal epithelium (NE) and lesional epithelium (LE) of buccal mucosa specimens from three patients with OLP by laser capture microdissection due to identify the pathogenic factors. Cathepsin K (CTSK) was identified as one of common upregulated genes in the LE by DNA microarray. Immunohistochemically, CTSK was distinctly detected in and around the LE, while it was rarely seen in the NE. Recent studies showed that CTSK enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling in antigen-presenting cells, leading to Th17 cell differentiation. TLR9 expression mainly co-localized with CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The number of RORγt-positive cells correlated with that of CTSK-positive cells in OLP tissues. CD123+ pDCs induced the production of Th17-related cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β) upon stimulation with TLR9 agonist CpG DNA. Moreover, single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that TLR9-positive pDCs enhanced in genes associated with Th17 cell differentiation in comparison with TLR9-negative pDCs. CTSK could induce Th17-related production of CD123+ pDCs via TLR9 signaling to promote the pathogenesis of OLP.
Analytical study of the spherical hydrostatic bearing dynamics through a unique technique
Authors: Elescandarany Ahmad Waguih
Published: November 2023

Because of their self-alignment property and design simplicity, the spherical hydrostatic bearings have the advantage over the other bearing configurations. Their static and dynamic performances have been intensively studied. Focusing on the bearing dynamic performance, it could be realized that the researchers used to mechanically excite the bearing in the experimental studies and perturb the rotor (spatial finite displacement) in the theoretical studies, observing its behavior and expressing it by dynamic stiffness and damping coefficient. Owing to a lack of information on bearing oscillation, this study adopts a new method to analyze this bearing behavior theoretically and grasp its nature. Unusually, the bearing vibration is studied hydro-dynamically rather than mechanically, showing the effect of eccentricity, inertia, restrictor type, seat configuration, and the supply pressure on the performance. New and unique formulas have been derived to predict the frequency, stiffness, and dampness, explaining how these parameters create the bearing self-alignment property. Some thrust bearings, designed with different techniques, have been examined where the results show vibration even in the bearing’s stationary state. Also, the newly derived formulas could precisely predict the rotation and rotational speed of the Kugel ball (recently proved and designed as a spherical hydrostatic bearing).
Microcracking of strawberry fruit cuticles: mechanism and factors
Authors: Hurtado Grecia , Knoche Moritz
Published: November 2023

Microscopic cracks in the cuticle (microcracks) are the first symptom of the strawberry fruit disorder ‘water soaking’ in which the fruit surface appears watery, translucent, and pale. Water soaking severely impacts fruit quality. The objective was to investigate the factors and mechanisms of cuticular microcracking in strawberry. Fluorescence microscopy revealed numerous microcracks in the achene depressions, on the rims between depressions and at the bases of trichomes. Microcracks in the achene depressions and on the rims were either parallel or transversely oriented relative to a radius drawn from the rim to the point of attachment of the achene. In the achene depression, the frequency of microcracks with parallel orientation decreased from the calyx end of the fruit, towards the fruit tip, while the frequency of those with transverse orientation remained constant. Most microcracks occurred above the periclinal cell walls of the epidermal cells. The long axes of the epidermal cells were primarily parallel-oriented. Microcracking increased during fruit development. Cuticle mass per fruit remained constant as fruit surface area increased but cuticle thickness decreased. When fruit developed under high relative humidity (RH) conditions, the cuticle had more microcracks than under low RH conditions. Exposing the fruit surface to increasing RHs, increased microcracking, especially above 75% RH. Liquid-phase water on the fruit surface was markedly more effective in inducing microcracking than high vapor-phase water (high RH). The results demonstrate that a combination of surface area growth strain and water exposure is causal in inducing microcracking of the strawberry cuticle.
Low extracellular magnesium induces phenotypic and metabolic alterations in C2C12-derived myotubes
Authors: Zocchi Monica , Bartolini Marco , Maier Jeanette A. , Castiglioni Sara
Published: November 2023

Magnesium (Mg) has a pivotal role in upholding skeletal muscle health and optimizing performance. Its deficiency decreases muscle strength, and an association has been reported between Mg intake and sarcopenia. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the repercussions arising from low Mg concentrations on muscle behavior, we employed an in vitro model utilizing C2C12-derived myotubes. Myotubes cultured in low Mg show a significant reduction of thickness and a concomitant down-regulation of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), Myog and Myomixer. In parallel, myotubes shape their metabolism. Glycolysis is inhibited and beta-oxidation increases. These metabolic changes are consistent with the increase of MyHC I (slow) vs. MyHC II (fast) expression. We identified an essential player in these changes, namely nitric oxide (NO), as the increase in NO production appeared to orchestrate the observed modifications in myotube behavior and metabolism under low Mg conditions. Understanding these underlying mechanisms may pave the way for targeted interventions to ameliorate muscle-related conditions associated with Mg deficiency and contribute to enhancing overall muscle health and function.
Vortex clustering in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Easton Thomas , Kokmotos Marios , Barontini Giovanni
Published: November 2023

We numerically study the formation of vortex clusters in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates where vortices are initially imprinted in a line. We show that such a system exhibits a rich phenomenology depending on the distance at which the vortices are imprinted and their number. In particular we observe that it is possible to obtain systems of twin vortex clusters, twin vortex clusters with orbiting satellite vortices, and triplets of clusters. By using a clustering algorithm we are able to quantitatively describe the formation and dynamics of the clusters. We finally utilise an analytical model to determine the range of parameters for which the clustering occurs. Our work sets the stage for possible experimental implementations where the formation of vortex clusters and more exotic bound states of vortices could be observed.
Handwritten digit recognition by spin waves in a Skyrmion reservoir
Authors: Lee Mu-Kun , Mochizuki Masahito
Published: November 2023

By performing numerical simulations for the handwritten digit recognition task, we demonstrate that a magnetic skyrmion lattice confined in a thin-plate magnet possesses high capability of reservoir computing. We obtain a high recognition rate of more than 88%, higher by about 10% than a baseline taken as the echo state network model. We find that this excellent performance arises from enhanced nonlinearity in the transformation which maps the input data onto an information space with higher dimensions, carried by interferences of spin waves in the skyrmion lattice. Because the skyrmions require only application of static magnetic field instead of nanofabrication for their creation in contrast to other spintronics reservoirs, our result consolidates the high potential of skyrmions for application to reservoir computing devices.
Antioxidant activity of Flemingia praecox and Mucuna pruriens and their implications for male fertility improvement
Authors: Kumbhare Shravan D. , Ukey Sanghadeep S. , Gogle Dayanand P.
Published: November 2023

Globally, 15–24% couples are unable to conceive naturally and 50% of cases of this problem are due to infertility in males. Of this, about 50% of male infertility problems are developed due to unknown reasons called as idiopathic infertility. It is well established that, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have negative impact on male fertility and are involved in 80% of total idiopathic male infertility cases. Medicinal plants are considered as an alternative approach for mitigating the health problems. The plants with good antioxidant capacity can improve the male infertility symptoms generated by ROS. Such medicinal plants can be used to alleviate the symptoms of male infertility with their diverse phytoconstituents. Mucuna pruriens is a well-accepted herb, with its seeds being used to improve the male fertility in various ways and one of the ways is by eliminating the ROS. In our field survey, another plant, Flemingia praecox, although less known, its roots are used in all problems related to the male fertility by tribal people of the Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra, India. The study was conducted to determine in vitro antioxidant potential of F. praecox and compared the results with the well-established male fertility improving plant M. pruriens with special emphasis on medicinally important roots of F. praecox and seeds of M. pruriens. The objective of the study was investigated by studying their total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, antioxidant parameters (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, DMPD, β-carotene bleaching and TAA) and finally DNA damage protection capacity of the plant extracts was studied. The plant parts used for the medicinal purposes have been investigated along with other major parts (leaves, stem and roots of both the plants) and compared with synthetic antioxidants, BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid. Moreover, the inhibition of two male infertility enzyme markers, PDE5 and arginase by F. praecox root and M. pruriens seed extract was also studied in vitro. The results showed that F. praecox possesses higher antioxidant activity than M. pruriens in the majority of studies as observed in TFC, DPPH, TAA, ABTS and DMPD assays. However, M. pruriens seeds showed best results in TPC, FRAP and DNA damage protection assay. F. praecox root extract also gave better PDE5 inhibition value than M. pruriens seeds. This study will help to establish the authenticity of F. praecox used by tribal people and will encourage its further use in managing the male infertility problems.
Americans weigh an attended emotion more than Koreans in overall mood judgments
Authors: Son Gaeun , Im Hee Yeon , Albohn Daniel N. , Kveraga Kestas , Adams Reginald B. , Sun Jisoo , Chong Sang Chul
Published: November 2023

Face ensemble coding is the perceptual ability to create a quick and overall impression of a group of faces, triggering social and behavioral motivations towards other people (approaching friendly people or avoiding an angry mob). Cultural differences in this ability have been reported, such that Easterners are better at face ensemble coding than Westerners are. The underlying mechanism has been attributed to differences in processing styles, with Easterners allocating attention globally, and Westerners focusing on local parts. However, the remaining question is how such default attention mode is influenced by salient information during ensemble perception. We created visual displays that resembled a real-world social setting in which one individual in a crowd of different faces drew the viewer's attention while the viewer judged the overall emotion of the crowd. In each trial, one face in the crowd was highlighted by a salient cue, capturing spatial attention before the participants viewed the entire group. American participants’ judgment of group emotion more strongly weighed the attended individual face than Korean participants, suggesting a greater influence of local information on global perception. Our results showed that different attentional modes between cultural groups modulate social-emotional processing underlying people’s perceptions and attributions.
Investigation of the relationship between pulmonary lesions based on lung ultrasound and respiratory clinical signs in foals with suspected pulmonary rhodococcosis
Authors: Rakowska Alicja , Czopowicz Michał , Bereznowski Andrzej , Witkowski Lucjan
Published: November 2023

Rhodococcus equi is a widely recognized bacterium responsible for pneumonia in preweaned foals. On endemic farms, foals with a subclinical course of the disease usually outnumber those presenting clinical signs. The disease is typically chronic and mainly manifests as fever and dyspnoea. Currently, field diagnosis is often based on lung ultrasound (LUS); however, both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches vary among practitioners and considerably change over time. This longitudinal, prospective study was designed to describe the appearance and progression of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions during the first months of life based on LUS and to evaluate the relationship between the presence and severity of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions and the occurrence of respiratory clinical signs in foals from farms with endemic R. equi infections. Nearly 26% of foals demonstrated respiratory signs highly suggestive of pulmonary rhodococcosis, and approximately 70% of the foals had abnormalities detected on LUS without concurrent clinical signs. The appearance and development of LUS abnormalities were age-related. An abscess diameter exceeding 15 mm in LUS and other pleural lesions were significantly linked with the occurrence of clinical signs suggestive of pulmonary rhodococcosis (P < 0.001) and may be considered predictive factors of rhodococcal pneumonia in foals.
Causal effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on the risk of osteoarthritis: a univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Xingzhao , Wang Sibo , Liu Wanguo , Wu Han , Zhu Yuhang
Published: November 2023

There is still a lot of ambiguity about the link between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SBs) and osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship of PA/SBs on the risk of OA. A univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal effect of five PA phenotypes and three SB phenotypes on overall OA, knee OA, hip OA, total hip arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MR methods used were inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regressions, and weighted median. Sensitivity analysis examined horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, and confirmed the reliability of the results. After false discovery rate, light do-it-yourself (DIY) activities decreased the risk for overall OA (OR: 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.65), and knee OA (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.51). Resulting in a decreased risk of walking for pleasure on overall OA (OR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.70–1.04) and knee OA (OR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.32) was also observed. Television viewing, however, significantly increased the risk of OA, knee OA, hip OA, and TKA. MVMR findings revealed independent causal impacts of walking for pleasure and watching television on overall and knee OA, taking into account BMI, smoking, and education. This study suggested that light DIY and walking for pleasure were beneficial for preventing OA, and the risk of OA and TKA increased with prolonged television watching.