bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI JASA KEUANGAN SYARIAH DALAM PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH (KELOMPOK) USAHA MIKRO PADA KOPERASI KARYA USAHA MANDIRI SYARIAH CABANG KECAMATAN CIAMPEA BOGOR
Authors: Maulani Denia , Oktaviani Sita
Published: October 2019

Koperasi merupakan badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang atau badan hukum koperasi yang melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan.Melihat potensi yang mengacu pada pembiayaan
usaha mikro yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah, koperasi yang berprinsip sayriah merupakan pilihan yang cocok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang Pembiayaan Murabahah (Kelompok) Usaha Mikro pada Koperasi Karya Usaha Mandiri Syariah Cabang Kecamatan Ciampea Bogor. Layanan Pembiayaan Murabahah sangatlah mempermudah masyarakat
untuk melakukan berbagai pembiayaan
SISTEM INFORMASI WAKAF UANG MELALUI MOBILE PAYMENT APPS TABUNGAN BTN BATARA IB AKAD ‘WADIAH’ PADA PT. BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA SYARIAH (PERSERO) TBK. CABANG BOGOR
Authors: Bimo Widhi Ariyo , Epita Nur
Published: October 2019

Wakaf adalah hal yang tidak asing lagi bagi umat muslim, perlu pengembangan edukasi wakaf bagi umat. Wakaf berfungsi mewujudkan potensi dan manfaat ekonomi untuk kepentingan ibadah dalam memajukan kesejahteraan umat. Dalam perkembangan teknologi saat ini semua dimudahkan dalam
seluruh kegiatan, sebagai lembaga yang menghimpun dana dari masyarakat pihak perbankan syariah perlu melakukan terobosan dengan pendekatan teknologi dalam melaksanakan wakaf yaitu dengan
cara Sistem Informasi Wakaf Uang melalui Smartphone. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang Sistem Informasi Wakaf uang Melalui Mobile Payment Apps Tabungan BTN Batara iB akad ‘Wadiah’ Pada PT. Bank Tabungan Negara Syariah (Persero) Tbk.
Cabang Bogor. Layanan m-banking dan m-payment sangatlah mempermudah masyarakat untuk melakukan berbagai transaksi sehingga dapat memperluas akses baik untuk banked people maupun
unbanked people
PROSES GADAI EMAS SYARIAH STUDY KASUS PT. BPRS AMANAH 45 UMMAH
Authors: Maulana Hendri , Su’ubiyah Nasriatus
Published: October 2019

Banyaknya produk-produk yang berbasis Islam dan semakin berkembang di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali penggadaian syariah tidak menganut bunga penggadaian syariah atau dikenal dengan istilah Rahn atau Mudarobah (bagi hasil), proses penggadaian syariah dan konvensional tentu berbeda
sebaimana halnya institusi yang berlebel Islam maka landasan konsep penggadaian syariah juga mengacu pada syariah. Dari defenisi-defenisi, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa yang dimaksud
dengan gadai ( ????? ? ) adalah menjadikan barang yang mempunyai nilai harta menurut pandangan syara’ sebagai jaminan hutang, dalam arti seluruh hutang atau sebagiannya dapat diambil sebab sudah
ada barang jaminan tersebut, dan dapat dijadikan pembayaran hutang jika hutang itu tidak dapat dibayar. Gadai menurut syari’at Islam berarti penahanan atau pengekangan. Sehingga dengan akad gadai menjadikan kedua belah pihak mempunyai tanggung jawab bersama, yang punya hutang bertanggung jawab untuk melunasi hutangnya, sedangkan orang yang berpiutang bertanggung jawab untuk menjamin keutuhan barang jaminan. Apabila hutang itu telah dibayar, maka penahanan atau pengekangan oleh sebab akad itu menjadi lepas. Sehingga keduanya bebas dari tanggung jawab masing-masing. Gadai dapat dikatakan sah apabila terpenuhi rukun-rukunnya rukun menurut DR.
Wahab az-Zuhaili adalah :1.Sigat akad ( Ijab qabul)2.Aqid (Penggadai dan penerima gadai). 3.Marhun (barang gadaian).4.Marhun bih (hutang). Gadai emas syariah adalah salah satu jasa pelayanan pembiayaan/pinjaman perbankan syariah yang diberikan oleh PT.BPRS Amanah Ummah
dengan jaminan logam mulia/logam perhiasan (dalam bentuk batang maupun perhiasan). Menentukankadar emas, dan taksiran harga emas maka dilakukan perhitumgan dengan rumus (Berat kering –
berat basah = isi berat kering ÷ isi = berat jenis) (Standar harga X berat X kadar X taksasi pinjaman
(80%) = jumlah pinjaman).
Một thuật toán tối ưu bám quỹ đạo mục tiêu của bài toán quan sát đa mục tiêu trong trường hợp có mục tiêu bị che khuất
Authors: Hằng Nguyễn Thị
Published: October 2019

Trong thực tế quan sát quỹ đạo đa mục tiêu di động, có lúc hệ thống quan sát không thể nhận biết được mục tiêu, do các mục tiêu chuyển động quá gần nhau trong khi độ phân giải của hệ thống quan sát bị hạn chế, hoặc do một số mục tiêu bị che khuất bởi các mục tiêu khác vì một lý do quan trắc nào đó. Trường hợp này cũng thường xảy ra trong những môi trường có số lượng mục tiêu lớn (dày đặc) và mật độ nhiễu lớn. Các thuật toán bám mục tiêu, bám quỹ đạo hiện hành gặp khó khăn và thường mất bám, mất quỹ đạo bám. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày một phương pháp liên kết dữ liệu và thuật toán bám quỹ đạo đệ quy từng bước theo thời gian quan sát với sự sử dụng tối đa dữ liệu lịch sử của quỹ đạo. Thuật toán khắc phục được tình trạng mất bám, mất quỹ đạo bám trong môi trường có mục tiêu bị che khuất. Thuật toán là sự kết hợp tư tưởng của phương pháp liên kết dữ liệu đa giả thiết và lọc Kalman mở rộng. Bài báo cũng chứng minh sự tồn tại của lời giải tối ưu từng bước và đưa ra thuật toán tìm lời giải \epsilon-tối ưu.
O Uso do Feedback e do Feedforward Como Ferramentas Complementares Para a Gestão de Conflitos Intergeracionais Using Feedback and Feedforward as Complementary Tools for Intergenerational Conflict Management
Authors: De A. Bordignon Michuel Liliane , Oderich Cecília
Published: October 2019

A gestão de conflitos com vistas à qualificação e à inovação organizacionalé um desafio. Os fatores que diferenciam os comportamentos de cada geração têmcausado conflitos que afetam produtividade, desenvolvimento profissional e as relaçõeshumanas nas empresas. Este trabalho se caracteriza como ensaio teórico que tempor bases fontes secundárias, no caso, notícias e dados publicados sobre o tema, osquais são analisados sob o prisma teórico da pesquisa bibliográfica. Infere-se que asferramentas de gestão chamadas feedback e feedforward podem ser aplicadas no diagnósticoe na gestão de conflitos organizacionais, com destaque aos conflitos intergeracionaisconsiderando as gerações baby boomers, x, y e z. O feedback e o feedforwardpodem favorecer a qualificação da comunicação, a valorização daspotencialidades individuais e grupais, o fortalecimento em relação às competências ehabilidades profissionais e, consequentemente, ajudar no melhor aproveitamento dosconflitos como oportunidades de crescimento pessoal e organizacional.
Utilização do Treinamento Resistido Manual como Alternativa de Treinamento de Força sem Equipamentos
Authors: Da Luz Nunes Douglas , Polizelli Neto Hermínio , Vasquez La Scala Teixeira Cauê
Published: October 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica deliteratura de estudos referentes ao treinamento resistido manual e através destefazer um documento sugestivo para orientar os profissionais que se interessempelo desenvolvimento de força sem utilizar os equipamentos tradicionaisdas academias. As pesquisas realizadas em artigos e livros mostram queo treinamento resistido manual é eficiente no ganho de força e técnica quepode ser usada em diversas situações, tanto em atletas, dançarinos, idosos,população em geral. Por ser econômica e eficiente pode ser ótima alternativano treinamento personalizado.
Organic Versus Inorganic Management on the Yield and Soil Fertility of Irrigated Lowland Rice
Authors: Quimbo Michelle , Mamaril Cezar , Tafere Kathy Loren
Published: October 2019

Organic farming is being promoted by advocates to sustain and improve soil fertility compared to conventional farming that uses inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. The study was conducted to determine the effect of pesticide and fertilizer management practices on grain and straw yields, yield components, and soil fertility of irrigated lowland rice. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive seasons (2009-2010) at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. It was laid out in a Split Plot design consisting of two main plots: with pesticides (M1) and without pesticides (M2), and four subplots: control (T1), organic fertilizer only (T2), inorganic fertilizer only (T3), and one-half (½) rate of inorganic plus ½ rate of organic fertilizers (T4), with four replications. Generally, pesticide application did not affect the yield and yield components. Plots applied with inorganic and one-half rate of combined organic and inorganic fertilizers had significantly higher grain yields than the control and organic only fertilizer treatments. Application of limiting nutrients through inorganic fertilizers helps to correct most of soil deficiencies such as phosphorus and sulfur compared to the use of organic fertilizer alone. Combining organic materials such as compost and rice straw with inorganic fertilizers at one-half rates is an effective strategy to attain yields comparable to pure inorganic application to sustain soil fertility.
PELETAKAN DAN ANALISIS KEANDALAN KABEL BAWAH LAUT BANGKA-LEPAR
Authors: Fitrahadi Agung , Wijono Wijono , Seoktjo Harry
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi keandalan submarine power cable 20 kV Bangka-Lepar. Submarine power cable ini juga menggambarkan jaringan distribusi tegangan menengah di Bangka-Lepar dan menentukan korelasi berbagai parameter yang mempengaruhi operasi jaringan kemudian memberikan informasi tentang prosedur peletakan kabel. Selanjutnya penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis reliabilitas berdasarkan model statistik. Model ini digunakan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik operasional kabel seperti tingkat kegagalan dari penyebab alami atau manusia serta juga digunakan untuk memilih antara dua rute kabel dan menentukan satu keandalan maksimum.
Board Leadership, Chief Executive Officer Optimism and Firm Innovation
Authors: Tuwey Joel , Ngeno Vincent
Published: October 2019

Purpose - Following the resource dependence and optimism theory, the study explored whether Chief Executive Officer (CEO) optimism moderates the link between board leadership and firm innovation in the financial sector. Design/Methodology - 130 financial institutions in Kenya were surveyed using cross-sectional and explanatory designs. Hypothesis testing utilized both moderated hierarchical regression models and mod-graphs. Findings - The results revealed that the board member’s openness and independence positively influence firm innovation. The moderated hierarchical regression results and figures in the mod-graphs reveal that CEO optimism enhances the association between the board member’s openness, independence, and firm innovation. Practical Implications - The results suggested that for financial institutions to be innovative, board members should be open to each other in terms of the private ideas as well as being independent about decisions made to spur the growth of the firms. Additionally, such boards should appoint CEOs who are optimistic about being innovative.
Takzir as a Punishment in Islamic Criminal Law (Study of the Establishment of Punishment in Criminal Acts in Qanun)
Authors: Usammah
Published: October 2019

Formalizing the Shari'a of Islam both in the realm of social and social life, in the state and nation are not infrequently debated, both socio-political and religious debates. The debate is in addition to understanding the teachings of religion and its relationship with the nation-state, as well as understanding the existing legal system within the country, especially that the country embraces a positive legal system that is more influenced by western law. The notion of enforcement of Islamic criminal law can not necessarily be carried out properly without any legislation and the establishment of a material Islamic criminal law as a positive law in force. Also, Islamic criminal law is a public law requiring state power both in law making and in law enforcement. In relation to the legislation and the formation of the law (qanun syariat Islam), the most interesting thing is how to determine the shape of the finger and its uqubat both belonging to the category of hudud, qisas and takzir as part of the Islamic Shari'a law enforcement system
Giving Birth to a Male Specialist Obstetrician According to Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Husnaini  , Zulhamdi  , Diah Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Women in giving birth still go to the specialist obstetrician when there is a recommendation from the midwife, or the patient comes directly to the obstetrician, the patient no longer chooses or sorts a male or female obstetrician, in the view of the community as if there are no legal issues. Though the proposition of al-Quran and hadith has ordered us to hold our gaze and preserve the genitals of both men and women, to see the aurat (private parts, those parts of the body that cannot be exposed or should be covered according to Islam) which the same sex is still not allowed, much less in different sex. Especially with regard to giving birth that shows all organs including aurat which is very vital, and also explained by the perspective of fiqh ulema who have very strict rules in seeing aurat, even in the case of medical treatment, especially treatment to the doctor in different sex of patient. Likewise with the results of the plenary session-V which explains male patients are not justified to treated by female medical, and vice versa, moreover women giving birth to a male obstetrician is even more not allowed, this is under normal conditions, as for emergency conditions is allowed but still under very strict requirements. So it can be concluded that Islamic law does not allow giving birth to male obstetricians (in normal conditions), except in emergency situations where there is no other choice or in areas where there are no female obstetricians. The Aceh Ulema Consultative Assembly in the results of the ulema's plenary session on the use of defiled drugs and medical services by different sex in the Islamic perspective. With provisions, if only general treatment that does not lead to seeing vital organs in women is prohibited, much less giving birth which is clearly a male doctor looking openly and transparently and touching vital organs in female patients, then it is very not allowed in Islam, except there is no other choice.
Human Communication with God through Asmaul Husna (99 Names of Allah) (Study of Asmaul Husna's Understanding in Islamic Theology)
Authors: Muntasir  , Bahri Saiful , Yusfriadi  , Muttaqien  , Nidal Ahmad , Fadlon
Published: October 2019

One way to know God is by understanding the names of Allah (Asmaul Husna). Asmaul Husna is the mediator of communication used by Allah Almighty so that humans can confer to Him. This is what can be considered a channel through which humans can know God spontaneously. And it is precisely this which can move the way of discovery that is essential and opens up vast realms of spirituality to witness the light of Allah. The conclusions that can be drawn from the discussion of the understanding of Asmaul Husna in Islamic theology above are Asmaul Husna are the names of Allah that have been attributed by Allah to Himself, both those determined by Allah to Himself in Him in the Qur'an, and set by the Prophet without ta'wil (deviations), takyif (asking how), tamtsil (parable), and Tasybih (likeness). There is a difference of opinion among scholars in the determination of Asmaul Husna. The opinion of jumhur ulama that Asmaul Husna is limited by what has been determined by the Shariah. Ibn Qayyim's opinion that the determination of the attributes of perfection for Allah can be determined by what has been determined by the Shariah 'and with the five senses. Ibn Al-'Arabi views Asmaul Husna as an intermediary between God and nature, namely Asmaul Husna as the relationship between God and nature. Another view expressed by Ibn Qayyim in his book Madarijus Saalikin, that Asmaul Husna is a substance of God. This contradicts the opinion of some Mu'tazilah groups, that Asmaul Husna is a trait that is born. The opinion of the Jahmiyyah group that says Asmaul Husna is a being challenged by the Ahlus Sunnah group.
Madrasah Headmaster Performance Strategy in Madrasah Al-Washliyah 22 Tembung
Authors: Siregar Ahmad Husin , Hadijaya Yusuf
Published: October 2019

This study is to describe how the Strategy for Improving the Performance of Al-Washliyah Private Madrasah 22 Tembung. In Improving Performance of Al-Washliyah 22 Tembung. Madrasa Headmaster is a way to improve the quality of education and achieve educational goals. This type of research conducted is a type of qualitative research with naturalistic. Research data collection was obtained by collection techniques, interviews and documentation studies. The step of data analysis is to collect data, reduce data, present data and then collect data. To retrieve the validity data, a test of creativeness, transferability, dependability and confirmability was carried out. The findings of this study discussed three findings that discussed 1) Strategy for Improving the Performance of Madrasah Head in Al-Washliyah Madrasah 22 Tembung. 2) Madrasah Superintendent and Principal Development Policy at Al-Washliyah Madrasah 22 Tembung in Mapenda Area of ​​the Provincial Ministry of Religion Office. 3) Implementation of Strategy Management for Madrasah Principals in Al-Washliyah Madrasah 22 Tembung. The results of this study were concluded as a Strategy for Improving the Performance of Headmaster at Al-Washliyah Madrasah 22 Tembung performed well and certainly there were still deficiencies that were not properly used properly.
Relationship Between Madrasah Head Leadership and Teacher's Participation with Quality of Madrasah Tsanawiyah State District, Labuhan Batu District
Authors: Chairunnisa  , Saleh Syarbaini
Published: October 2019

The research method uses correlation research, which is research that seeks to see the relationship between variables. The study population was all MTs teachers in Labuhan Batu District totaling 83 people. The sample was taken using proportional random sampling technique, so that the sample was taken as many as 75 people. The instrument used was a questionnaire, data analysis techniques were carried out with data descriptions, and hypothesis testing using simple regression and multiple regression. After the research data were analyzed, the following results were obtained: 1) There was a positive and significant relationship between the leadership of the madrasah head (X1) and the madrasah quality (Y) at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Labuhan Batu with moderate correlation levels with the correlation coefficient value of 0.092. While the value of the strength of the relationship that occurs between the two variables is 0.092 or 8%. 2) There is a positive and significant relationship between teacher's work participation (X2) and the quality of madrasah (Y) in Laban Batu Madrasah Tsanawiyah with moderate correlation levels with the correlation coefficient value of 0.390. While the value of the strength of the relationship that occurs between the two variables is 0.390 or 15.2%. 3) There is a positive and significant relationship between madrasah head leadership (X1) and teacher work participation (X2) with madrasah quality (Y) in Laban Batu Tsanawiyah Madrasah with moderate correlation levels with a correlation coefficient value of 0.512. While the value of the strength of the relationship that occurs between the two variables is 0.512 or 26.2%. The two independent variables go hand in hand with the dependent variable, meaning that the better the madrasa head leadership and teacher work participation, the better the madrasah quality.
Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult: A scale for assessing psychosocial stressors among adults
Authors: Mullick Mohammad S. I. , Algin Sultana , Islam Monirul , Phillipson Adrian , Nahar Jhunu S. , Morshed Nahid Mahjabin , Chowdhury Hafizur Rahman , Shahid Selina Fatema Binte
Published: October 2019

Stress is an integral part of daily life and inevitable. This study was aimed to produce a culturally validated scale for measuring stressful life events of adults in Bangladesh and formulate the relative life change units of each event. The study used qualitative research, including a focus group and questionnaire, as well as quantitative statistical analysis in the validation process. Researchers first developed a provisional scale with 62 items that were translated in Bangla through a translation exercise. Using an open-ended question along with this provisional scale on 518 (260 rated on imagination and 258 on experience) subjects, researchers developed Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult with 58 items and the predictive interpretation of the overall score was made. Content validity was found excellent as I-CVI was 1 except 3 items and S-CVI was 0.91. In factor analysis on the two-factor model, no item had salient loading on more than one factor and there were 3 items failed to load on either factor. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 between this scale and the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. In term of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values were ranging from 0.53-0.88. The scale is simple to administer to assess stress and usable for both clinical and research purpose.
Diagnostic value of ferritin for the severity of dengue infection in children
Authors: Ahmed Farzana , Begum Nargis Ara , Rahman Md.  Moshiur , Shakur Md.  Salim , Sharmin Shabrina
Published: October 2019

Retracted by the Editor-In-Chief
Cervical Cancer - A Preventable and Potentially Curable Cancer
Authors: Hussain Syed Akram
Published: October 2019

Abstract not available

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 167-168
Vaginal Wall Leiomyoma: A Case Report
Authors: Akther Rabeya , Islam Md Nowfel , Afroz Hasina
Published: October 2019

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PROSES PERAKITAN DAN PENGUJIAN KUBIKEL SM6 VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER 20 kV DI PT. GALLEON CAHAYA INVESTAMA
Authors: Jurnal Redaksi Tim
Published: October 2019

At PT. Galleon Cahaya Investama which in this case much needed electrical appliance to be used in distribution network that is one tool of cubicles before marketed at other company. Cubiclesis a connecting device, divider and disconnecting load doing testing. In this cubicle insulation testing,cubicle is already in pairs and have connected with The transformer after that just done insulation testing with mega ohm meter, because cubicle is already 5 with the transformer then the insulation resistance value will be reduced because of the existing transformer windings in it. In testing leakage current PMT component is still in good condition, seen from test results that is still Below 300 μA, and in the test of isolation resistance, also in good condition, looking from the results that have been tested still shows the value above the standard isolation resistance. With visual inspection by looking at the results of work with the eyes and tools, namely see the shape, rust and placement of components that have been right.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN TURBIN ANGIN KECEPATAN RENDAH TIPE NT1000W DI WILAYAH TERPENCIL
Authors: Jurnal Redaksi Tim
Published: October 2019

This research discusses the fulfillment of the electricity needs of remote communities that are closely related to electrification ratios. Electrification ratios in some isolated areas and scattered islands in Indonesia are still very low. To date, most of the electricity needs in Indonesia is still supplied by Diesel Power Electricity Generator (PLTD) which uses diesel as its fuel. Therefore, it is necessary the utilization of renewable energy as one step to fulfill the electrical energy needs. This research studies about the utilization of wind energy with PLTB by using low speed wind turbine to fulfill the electricity needs of remote communities and scattered islands in Indonesia. NT1000W is the latest technology of low speed wind turbine that can operate at wind speed of 1 m/d up to 60 m/d appropriate to the wind conditions in Indonesia. Testing conducted in west Sumatera particularly in Padang city and Kapo-Kapo Island provide a feasibility of PLTB NT1000W technically and financially.
Analisis Perbandingan Efisiensi Penyaluran Listrik Antara Penghantar ACSR dan ACCC pada Sistem Transmisi 150kV
Authors: Handayani Oktaria , Darmana Tasdik , Widyastuti Christine
Published: October 2019

Electricity need in Indonesia continues to increase in accordance with the rate of recovery of the economy and industry and the increase in population. The transmission line transmits electricity from the power plant to the load center via the High Voltage transmission lines (SUTT) or Extra High Voltage Transmissio lines (SUTET), because the long distance causes power losses. The condition before the reconducting of Tebing Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung transmission uses ACSR conductor types and after the reconducting has been replaced by the ACCC, where ACCC has 2 times the current trying of the type of ACSR. In this study, we will examine and analyze the magnitude of the power losses and the efficiency of the distribution of the two types of ACSR and ACCC supply channels with a case study of the 150 kV transmission system Tebing Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung which has a distance of 71.5 km. From the calculation results obtained, after the reconducting process using the conductor the ACCC was able to reduce power losses and increase efficiency by 1.35%.
Some Aspects of the Formation of Urban Elites: The Case of Medieval Gradec (Zagreb)
Authors: Škreblin Bruno
Published: October 2019

This research focuses on those Gradec citizens who were elected to administrative functions since these were held by the richest and most distinguished citizens. They constituted the political elite of the city as there was only a thin line between the economic, social and political elites in Gradec. This paper deals with many aspects and elements that played a role in the formation of the urban elite, elements such as family ties, wealth, moral values, piety, education and membership of the nobility.
Narvik, a Swedish Norwegian Border Town
Authors: Aas Steinar
Published: October 2019

This article gives an insight into the industrialization and colonization processes of northern Scandinavia. Urbanization due to industrialization is a vital part of the perspective, and brings us into an industrial mega system in Swedish Lapland in the late nineteenth century based on iron ore export. It was to be connected to the industrial centre of Europe, especially the Ruhrgebiet of Germany, and paved the way for a new kind of urban development in peripheral Europe – the industrial network town. The history and foundation of the Norwegian harbour town Narvik is vital for gaining insight into this mega system. By studying Narvik we can envisage particularities of, and similarities and differences between Norway and Sweden when it comes to their urban economic foundations, urban development/planning regimes, and the relations between the municipalities, the modern nation states and the dominating companies. Even the development of a uniquely Scandinavian identity connected with the labour movement and the development of a post-war social democrat order visibly results from the new industries. Thus the common Swedish-Norwegian figure of the rallar – something like navvy or construction worker – has a significant place in this study, and the use of the figure in addition to later processes of memory creation, both within the Norwegian and Swedish labour movements, is addressed.
Study of structure and properties of platinum(II) chloride complexes with (2-alkyltetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid by quantum chemistry and NMR-spectroscopy methods
Authors: Matulis Vitaly E. , Ragoyja Ekaterina G. , Serebryanskaya Tatiyana V. , Grigoriev Yuri V. , Ivashkevich Oleg A.
Published: October 2019

It has been shown that the WP04 functional in combination with moderate basic sets 6-31G(d) and SDD allows to calculate characteristics of 1H NMR-spectrum of metal complexes with ligands based on tetrazole derivatives with high accuracy, which can be used to assign signals in the NMR-spectra. The process of hydrolysis of the isomeric platinum(II) chloride complexes with (2-isopropyltetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid has been investigated using the methods of quantum chemistry and NMR-spectroscopy. An explanation of the changes of signals in the 1H NMR-spectra of the considered complexes during their hydrolysis is given.
Electrochemical synthesis of Sn–Ag alloy coatings in sulphate solution
Authors: Vrublevskaya Olga N. , Shikun Marina A.
Published: October 2019

The optimal conditions for the electrochemical synthesis in the sulfate electrolyte of low-melting Sn–Ag alloy coatings used in the assembly of electronic equipment containing 7.1–8.3 at. % of silver and with total current yield of metals equal to 88.8–87.0 % are determined. It is established that electrochemical reduction of Sn(II) and Ag(I) on the surface of the alloy is accompanied by the process of contact displacement of Ag(I) with tin included into the coating. The process of contact displacement is intensified with the electrolyte temperature growth and leads to the increase in silver content in the alloy, to the appearance of dendrites on the surface of the coating due to its passivation.
Electrodeposition of copper – tin alloys from glycol electrolytes
Authors: Vorobyova Tatsiana N. , Haluza Maryia G. , Vryblevskaya Olga N. , Paniatouski Aleh V. , Veretennikova Elena A.
Published: October 2019

Stable ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) electrolytes containing СuCl2 · 2H2O, SnCl4 · 5H2O and Trilon B have been developed, which provide electrodeposition of Cu – Sn alloy with tin content varying from 34 to 52 at. % in case of EG and from 51 to 91 at. % in case of PG electrolytes. It is found that the coatings contain phases of Cu6Sn5 и Cu10Sn3 intermetallic compounds, and metallic tin is also present in case of its highest content in the alloy. It is revealed that tin content can be simply varied by the change of current density or concentrations of tin and copper compounds in glycols. The effect of electrolyte composition, deposition conditions, a nature of a substrate on the coatings deposition rate (in the limits of 0.9‒2.9 μm ∙ h‒1), total metal current efficiency (from 40 to 95 %), the ratio of metals in the alloy (from 34 to 91 at. %), its phase composition and microstructure is determined. The conditions for the deposition of Cu – Sn alloy close to the eutectic composition have been found.
Systematic review of hypertension prevalence and awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ndabarora Eléazar , Nishimwe Clemence , Mukamusoni Dariya
Published: October 2019

Several studies have reported high prevalence of hypertension in Africa, but little is known on awareness and determinants of preventive measures uptake. The purpose of the review was to identify and review the studies which reported at the same time on the prevalence of hypertension and awareness among the participants in sub-Saharan Africa, and to recommend needed research studies and interventions to prevent and control hypertension increase. High prevalence of hypertension was found across sub-Saharan African countries. The increasing hypertension rate moved from 19.7% in 1990 to 30.8% in 2010, with very high increase in some sub-regions up to 77%. A low awareness was found, less than 50% and in some place less than 10%. Also a high rate of hypertensive patients who were not on treatment was found. There is a very increasing prevalence of hypertension and unawareness in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also a high rate of hypertensive patients who are not on treatment.  Studies and interventions aiming at understanding determinants of hypertension screening and treatment uptake are much recommended.
Predictors of nutritional management failure for under-five children with malnutrition in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda
Authors: Nsengiyumva Jean Paul , Nemerimana Mathieu
Published: October 2019

The general objective of this study was to assess the predicators of nutrition management failure among children under-five who participated in the nutrition program from 2012 up to 2015 in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. The study included 169 children, out of which 78 were males and the remaining 91 were females. Of the children examined, 20.1% exhibited stunting growth of these 61.8% were females, 42.6% were underweight of these 51.4% were females and 10.1% were wasting of these 70.6% were males. Failure of nutritional management intervention was associated with both health system and family related factors. The common Health system predictors associated with failure of nutritional management programme were few activities related to the promotion of breastfeeding (OR: 5.0; 95 % CI: 1.56-16.2, P = 0.007), not following the Ministry of Health malnutrition management guidelines (OR: 5.85, 95% CI: 1.93417.69, P = 0.002), and poor knowledge about malnutrition management guideline (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21-0.99, P = 0.049). Family related predictors associated to the failure of nutritional management intervention include childhood illness such as fever (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36-1.61 P= 0.035), duration of breastfeeding (OR 0.7: 95% CI: 0.45-7.02 p = 0.035), number of meals per day (OR: 1.85 95% CI: 0.60-5.73; P = 0.002), and maternal age (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.31-12.12; P = 0.027). These factors associated with failure of nutrition management should be considered in establishing effective measures for successful management and prevention of malnutrition.
Predictors of nutritional management failure for under-five children with malnutrition in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda
Authors: Nsengiyumva Jean Paul , Nemerimana Mathieu , Twagiramungu Serge
Published: October 2019

The general objective of this study was to assess the predicators of nutrition management failure among children under-five who participated in the nutrition program from 2012 up to 2015 in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. The study included 169 children, out of which 78 were males and the remaining 91 were females. Of the children examined, 20.1% exhibited stunting growth of these 61.8% were females, 42.6% were underweight of these 51.4% were females and 10.1% were wasting of these 70.6% were males. Failure of nutritional management intervention was associated with both health system and family related factors. The common Health system predictors associated with failure of nutritional management programme were few activities related to the promotion of breastfeeding (OR: 5.0; 95 % CI: 1.56-16.2, P = 0.007), not following the Ministry of Health malnutrition management guidelines (OR: 5.85, 95% CI: 1.93417.69, P = 0.002), and poor knowledge about malnutrition management guideline (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21-0.99, P = 0.049). Family related predictors associated to the failure of nutritional management intervention include childhood illness such as fever (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36-1.61 P= 0.035), duration of breastfeeding (OR 0.7: 95% CI: 0.45-7.02 p = 0.035), number of meals per day (OR: 1.85 95% CI: 0.60-5.73; P = 0.002), and maternal age (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.31-12.12; P = 0.027). These factors associated with failure of nutrition management should be considered
Relationship between teacher characteristics and school performance in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke and Nyarugenge District, Rwanda
Authors: Ntawiha Philothere , Otieno Mary A. , Nshimiyimana Justin , Nimusabe Ita P. , Halindintwari James
Published: October 2019

In school system, the teacher is the key input as he/she is the one to create a conducive atmosphere for learning by preparing the learning content, preparing classroom environment, ordering materials, using a variety of methods to deliver learning, and he/she also assesses the level of learners, manages time and students, and should be a good role model. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether and to the extent to which relationship exists between teacher characteristics and school performance in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke and Nyarugenge districts. Specifically, the study sought to describe teacher characteristics, determine the extent to which teacher characteristics correlate with school performance, and find out the strategies adopted to enhance school performance in public secondary schools located in the two districts. This study was guided by Education Production Function theory and it adopted a correlation research design. The target population involved 70 head teachers and 2 district education officers. 21 head teachers and 2 district education officers were surveyed. Stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select this sample and questionnaires, document review schedule, and interview schedule were used to collect data. It was found that only 61.15% of teachers have a bachelor’s degree, among them only 63.81% have undergone a pedagogical course, and only 56.05% have an experience of more than three years. It was further found that among the teacher characteristics, teacher qualification, professional training and experience highly correlate with school mean performance and as the coefficient of determination for each varies between 0.41 and 0.63. It was therefore recommended that the government and all other stakeholders should allocate more resources to train more teachers and retain experienced ones and provide more in-service training to enhanceteachers’ professionalism.
Magnitudes of Gravity Wave Pseudomomentum Flux Derived by Combining COSMIC Radio Occultation and ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data
Authors: Xu Xiaohua , Li Juan , Luo Jia , Yu Daocheng
Published: October 2019

In the present work, dry temperature profiles provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) mission and the horizontal wind field provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis are combined for the first time to retrieve the magnitudes of gravity wave (GW) pseudomomentum flux (PMF). The vertical wave parameters, including Brunt–Väisälä frequencies, potential energy (Ep), and vertical wavelengths, are retrieved from RO temperature profiles. The intrinsic frequencies, which are retrieved from the horizontal wind field of ERA-Interim, are combined with the vertical wave parameters to derive the horizontal wavelengths and magnitudes of the PMF of GWs. The feasibility of this new strategy is validated first by comparing the distributions of GW parameters during June, July, and August (JJA) 2006 derived this way with those derived by previous studies. Then the seasonal and interannual variations of the distributions of GW PMF for three altitude ranges, 20–25 km, 25–30 km, and 30–35 km, over the globe during the seven years from June 2006 to May 2013 are presented. It is shown that the three altitude intervals share similar seasonal and interannual distribution patterns of GW PMF, while the magnitudes of GW PMF decrease with increased height and the hot spots of GW activity are the most discernable at the lowest altitude interval of 20–25 km. The maximums of PMF usually occur at latitudes around 60° in the winter hemispheres, where eastward winds prevail, and the second maximums exist over the subtropics of the summer hemispheres, where deep convection occurs. In addition, the influence of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on both GW PMF and zonal winds is discernible over subtropical regions. The present work complements the GW PMF interannual variation patterns derived based on satellite observations by previous studies in terms of the altitude range, latitude coverage, and time period analyzed.
Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Immune System and Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Macek Jilkova Zuzana , Kurma Keerthi , Decaens Thomas
Published: October 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer in adults and has one of the highest mortality rates of solid cancers. Ninety percent of HCCs are associated with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis developed from chronic liver injuries. The immune system of the liver contributes to the severity of the necrotic-inflammatory tissue damage, the establishment of fibrosis and cirrhosis, and the disease progression towards HCC. Immunotherapies have emerged as an exciting strategy for HCC treatment, but their effect is limited, and an extensive translation research is urgently needed to enhance anti-tumor efficacy and clinical success. Establishing HCC animal models that are analogous to human disease settings, i.e., mimicking the tumor microenvironment of HCC, is extremely challenging. Hence, this review discusses different animal models of HCC by summarizing their advantages and their limits with a specific focus on the role of the immune system and tumor microenvironment.
Mapping Cellular Microenvironments: Proximity Labeling and Complexome Profiling (Seventh Symposium of the Göttingen Proteomics Forum)
Authors: Valerius Oliver , Asif Abdul R. , Beißbarth Tim , Bohrer Rainer , Dihazi Hassan , Feussner Kirstin , Jahn Olaf , Majcherczyk Andrzej , Schmidt Bernhard , Schmitt Kerstin , Urlaub Henning , Lenz Christof
Published: October 2019

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics methods are finding increasing use in structural biology research. Beyond simple interaction networks, information about stable protein-protein complexes or spatially proximal proteins helps to elucidate the biological functions of proteins in a wider cellular context. To shed light on new developments in this field, the Göttingen Proteomics Forum organized a one-day symposium focused on complexome profiling and proximity labeling, two emerging technologies that are gaining significant attention in biomolecular research. The symposium was held in Göttingen, Germany on 23 May, 2019, as part of a series of regular symposia organized by the Göttingen Proteomics Forum.
New Frontiers in Diagnosis and Therapy of Circulating Tumor Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Sindeeva Olga A. , Verkhovskii Roman A. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Afanaseva Galina A. , Fedonnikov Alexander S. , Osintsev Evgeny Yu. , Kurochkina Elena N. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Deyev Sergey M. , Zharov Vladimir P. , Galanzha Ekaterina I.
Published: October 2019

One of the greatest challenges in neuro-oncology is diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), brain metastasis (BM) and brain tumors (BT), which are associated with poor prognosis in patients. Retrospective analyses suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is one of the promising diagnostic targets because CSF passes through central nervous system, harvests tumor-related markers from brain tissue and, then, delivers them into peripheral parts of the human body where CSF can be sampled using minimally invasive and routine clinical procedure. However, limited sensitivity of the established clinical diagnostic cytology in vitro and MRI in vivo together with minimal therapeutic options do not provide patient care at early, potentially treatable, stages of LM, BM and BT. Novel technologies are in demand. This review outlines the advantages, limitations and clinical utility of emerging liquid biopsy in vitro and photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) in vivo for assessment of CSF markers including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA), proteins, exosomes and emboli. The integration of in vitro and in vivo methods, PAFC-guided theranostics of single CTCs and targeted drug delivery are discussed as future perspectives.
Site-Specific Allometric Models for Prediction of Above-and Belowground Biomass of Subtropical Forests in Guangzhou, Southern China
Authors: Zhao Houben , Li Zhaojia , Zhou Guangyi , Qiu Zhijun , Wu Zhongmin
Published: October 2019

Tree allometric models that are used to predict the biomass of individual tree are critical to forest carbon accounting and ecosystem service modeling. To enhance the accuracy of such predictions, the development of site-specific, rather than generalized, allometric models is advised whenever possible. Subtropical forests are important carbon sinks and have a huge potential for mitigating climate change. However, few biomass models compared to the diversity of forest ecosystems are currently available for the subtropical forests of China. This study developed site-specific allometric models to estimate the aboveground and the belowground biomass for south subtropical humid forest in Guangzhou, Southern China. Destructive methods were used to measure the aboveground biomass with a sample of 144 trees from 26 species, and the belowground biomass was measured with a subsample of 116 of them. Linear regression with logarithmic transformation was used to model biomass according to dendrometric parameters. The mixed-species regressions with diameter at breast height (DBH) as a single predictor were able to adequately estimate aboveground, belowground and total biomass. The coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.955, 0.914 and 0.954, respectively, and the mean prediction errors were −1.96, −5.84 and 2.26%, respectively. Adding tree height (H) compounded with DBH as one variable (DBH2H) did not improve model performance. Using H as a second variable in the equation can improve the model fitness in estimation of belowground biomass, but there are collinearity effects, resulting in an increased standard error of regression coefficients. Therefore, it is not recommended to add H in the allometric models. Adding wood density (WD) compounded with DBH as one variable (DBH2WD) slightly improved model fitness for prediction of belowground biomass, but there was no positive effect on the prediction of aboveground and total biomass. Using WD as a second variable in the equation, the best-fitting allometric relationship for biomass estimation of the aboveground, belowground, and total biomass was given, indicating that WD is a crucial factor in biomass models of subtropical forest. Root-shoot ratio of subtropical forest in this study varies with species and tree size, and it is not suitable to apply it to estimate belowground biomass. These findings are of great significance for accurately measuring regional forest carbon sinks, and having reference value for forest management.
Environmental Filtering Drives Local Soil Fungal Beta Diversity More Than Dispersal Limitation in Six Forest Types along a Latitudinal Gradient in Eastern China
Authors: Huang Yongtao , Zhang Xiao , Fu Shenglei , Zhang Weixin
Published: October 2019

Biogeographic patterns of soil fungal diversity have been well documented in forest ecosystems, but the underlying mechanisms and processes that shape these patterns remain relatively unknown. This study took soil samples from 300 forest plots spanning six forest types along a latitudinal gradient in eastern China, which ranges from tropical rainforest to boreal forest ecosystems. A null-model analysis was used to compare the observed soil fungal beta diversity (β-diversity) with the β-diversity expected from random sampling of each local species pool. We also compared the relative importance of environmental and spatial variables on soil fungal β-diversity among forest types along the latitudinal gradient. Our results found that observed β-diversity was greater than expected β-diversity in all six forest types, which means that species tend to be more aggregated than expected. We determined that this species aggregation resulted from both environmental filtering and species dispersal limitations. Further, environmental variables had stronger influences on β-diversity than spatial dispersions. Additionally, the co-occurrence network showed that more species interactions occurred in the mid-latitude forests which lead to decreased soil fungal β-diversity and low interpretations of environmental and spatial variables. Study of these processes in different forest types along latitudinal gradients will provide important insights that local differences in the relative importance of different community assembly processes creates different gradients in global biodiversity.