bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Particleboard from Oil Palm Trunk (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive in Relation to Particle Sizes and Board Thickness
Authors: Mohd Adnan Mohd Arif Fikri , Kasim Jamaludin , Sarmin Siti Noorbaini
Published: August 2013

High demand for wooden materials and rises in agricultural areas and forest fires increased the importance of composite particleboard instead of using solid woods. Particleboards are among the most popular materials used in interior and exterior applications. The objective of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde particleboard made from oil palm trunk (OPT) with 11% resin content. Two different board thicknesses were use; 12mm and 16mm. The particle size use in this study was 2mm and 1mm. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) was used as the binder. The result showed that modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were perform better at 16mm board thickness with 1.0mm particle size and meet the standard. The internal bonding strength was parallel with bending strength.
Characteristics of Sintered Bovine Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Niakan Ali , Singh Ramesh , Tan C.Y. , Abdul Shukor Mohd Hamdi , Teng W.D.
Published: August 2013

Sintered bone is composed predominantly of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is a phase of calcium phosphate. The properties of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) produced by heat treatment of bovine femur bone were evaluated over different temperatures between 400oC and 1200oC. The sintered body was investigated by using a number of physicochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results indicate that the annealing process enhanced the crystalline grade of HA phase in the bone matrices particularly when sintered above 700oC. There was no secondary phase formation in bones sintered between 600oC and 1000oC. However, decomposition of HA to form of β-TCP was observed during heating at high temperature which are 1100°C and 1200°C.
Structure and Magnetostriction of Melt-Spun Fe81-xNixGa19(x=0,5,10,15,20,25) Alloys
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Haiou , Cao Meng Xiong , Tan Wei Shi , Shi Yang Guang , Jia Quan Jie , Huang Yu Ying , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2013

Fe81-xNixGa19(with x ranging from 0-25 at.% Ni) ribbons were made by melt spinning method. We have studied the structural (phases, texturing, and lattice parameter), magnetic (saturation magnetization and saturation magnetostriction) properties of these ribbons. The main results are as follows: (i) For x≤10, all the ribbons are A2 single phase; for x=15, the ribbon is of A2+L12+DO3+E21 phase; for x=20, the ribbon is of A2+L12+DO3+B2 phase; for x=25, only A2 and L12 phases exist. (ii) For x=5 and 15, an obvious (211) texture was detected, whereas other ribbons are (110) textured, no (100) texture was tested. (iii) (110) texture in our ribbons brought low saturation magnetic field (Hs) and high saturation magnetostrction (λs). (iv) E21 phase played a positive role in the magnetostricion of FeNiGa ribbons.
An Experimental Study on Evaluation of Mechanical Properties in High Performance Concrete Using Admixture
Authors: Kim Jeong Eun , Park Wan Shin , Eom Nam Yong , Kim Sun Woong , Kim Do Gyeum , Cho Myung Sug
Published: August 2013

In this study, some experimental investigations on the development of mechanical properties with age of high performance concrete (HPC) incorporated with blast furnace slag with fly ash or silica fume have been reported. Four different blended HPC were prepared in 0.40 water-binder ratio. At every four mixtures, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity at 7 and 28 days have been observed for HPC developments. Consequently, only replacement of silica fume significantly increases the mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.
Effect of Fly Ash, Silica Fume and Blast Furnace Slag on Mechanical Property of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Eom Nam Yong , Park Wan Shin , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Sun Woong , Kim Do Gyeum , Cho Myung Sug
Published: August 2013

The use of mineral admixture such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume in making high performance concrete has increased. The objective of this study is to investigate mechanical properties of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of hardened high performance concrete.
Observation of Three Dimensional Magnetic Fields of Tool Steel (JIS-SKS93) around Vicker's Indentations
Authors: Kida Katsuyuki , Honda Takashi
Published: August 2013

Crack growth under cyclic loading causes failure of machine components. Non-destructive methods that can be related to plastic deformation around crack tip are necessary to study the crack growth. In the present work, a scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) equipped with GaAs film sensors was used to observe the magnetic fields around the plastic deformation induced by Vicker's indentations in tool steel specimens (SKS93, JIS B 4404: 2006, equivalent to AISI W4 tool steel). The magnetic field around a 2.94N-indentation was compared to that of a 294N-indentation. It was found that the decrease in the magnetic fields depends on the plastic deformation size.
Analysis of Local Stress of Lower Chord of Inverted Triangle Cargo Boom of Tower Crane under the Wheel Pressure
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Yan , Xu Li Ze , Jin Jiu Fu
Published: August 2013

This article mainly aims at analysis of local stress of lower chord of inverted triangle cargo boom of tower crane under the wheel pressure, taking the inverted triangle cargo boom of 70300 tower crane as the research object. Separately analyze the effects on the strength of the lower chord which is produced by the down flange, webs and changes of the car action point. Result from the analysis: When the distance between the two webs is too far and the car action points are closer to the webs, the force of lower chord is relatively good. Thickness of the down flange has bigger influence on the lower chord than the webs.
Analysis of Effects of High Temperature and Loading Frequency on Asphalt Binder
Authors: Cao Phu Cuong , Guo Zhong Yin , Yang Yong Shun , Xue Zhi Chao
Published: August 2013

Based on the theory of viscoelasticity, the Dynamic Shear Rheology test is used as study method. Study subjects are AH70 asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and MAC modified asphalt. Study objective is to analyze the effects of both high temperature and loading frequency on asphalt binder in asphalt mixture. Results from studies have revealed that: At high temperature and low loading frequency, the elasticity of asphalt binder decreases or low possibility of strain recovery, rutting resistance parameter decreases or the risk of rutting increases; At high temperature and high loading frequency, the viscosity of asphalt binder decreases or the strain speed of asphalt binder increases; At low temperature and high loading frequency, the fatigue resistance parameter increases, in other words there exists high fatigue cracking potential.
The Study of Three-Way Valve Handling Gripper
Authors: Sui Peng Jie , Li Chang Chun , Wang Fang
Published: August 2013

At present, in domestic the three-way valve production handling most is to rely on artificial to complete, leading to high labor intensity of workers, low production efficiency, handling dangerous. In view of this situation, this paper according to the shape characteristics of the three-way valve provides a special imagine about carrying three-way valve gripper, introduces the grippers main structure, characteristics and working principle, and the force condition is analyzed and calculated.
Fretting Wear of Coated Substrate with Interlayer: Substrate Stress Behaviour
Authors: Mohd Tobi Abdul Latif , Harimon M.A. , Saad A.A. , Azalan A.A.
Published: August 2013

Finite element analysis of a coated SCMV (high-strength alloy steel) substrate with interlayer has been studied with the emphasized of stresses behaviour predicted in the substrate region due to the fretting wear surface profiles modification. The analysis is simulated using a simple cylinder-on-flat contact geometry under gross sliding condition for a given surface profile on a specific number of fretting cycles. The effect of interlayer stiffness on the stresses predicted in the substrate region is studied. It is found that the stresses in the substrate region are generally predicted to reduce with the increase of interlayer stiffness and with the advancement of wear.
Design, Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Single Basin Solar Stills
Authors: Prakash Malaiyappan , Natarajan Elumalai
Published: August 2013

Pure Water is the important source for living creature survival which enriches their life. Solar stills is the best method to obtain the pure water from the sea water. Sea water available free from cost. Free energy is utilized to drive the solar still hence the non renewable energy is conserved, free from risk, pollution, damage, occupies lesser space, installing and maintain cost of the solar still is less. The basin material is chosen according to the thermal conductivity and lower cost analyses. An experimental and theoretical study have been done on solar still to optimize the design by examining the design, operational and climatic parameter on its performance. Single basin solar stills with basin volume of 500 mm × 500 mm ×200 mm have been fabricated by using saint gobian glass material. A 5 mm thick glass cover was used as a transparent material. This glass cover with an inclination of 13° is fixed to the vertical wall of the still. The whole assembly was air tight made with help of aluminium foil gasket and clips. This work mainly concentrates on the solar radiation, cover title angle, depth of the water.
Object Representation Fusing Global and Local Features
Authors: Li Tian Wen , Gao Yun
Published: August 2013

In the actual complex scenes, multi-feature fusion has become a valid method of object representation for tracking video motion targets. Two keys about multi-feature fusion are how to select some valid features and how to fuse the features. In this paper, we propose an object representation fusing global and local features for object tracking. In our method, we select a common hue histogram as the global feature and use a valid SIFT feature as the local feature. In the tracking frame of particle filter, the tracking results show that our proposed object representation can better restrain the disturbing of complex environments with abrupt illumination and partial occlusion, than color-based global representation.
Optimization of Dynamic Job-Shop Scheduling Based on Game Theory
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhou Guang Hui
Published: August 2013

To deal with uncertain dynamic interferences occurred in the workshop, and meet the competition requirements of jobs submitted by different customers, a dynamic job-shop scheduling model based on game theory is presented. In order to find the Nash equilibrium point of the model effectively, dynamic rescheduling judgment based on event-driven policy is adopted, and a hybrid genetic algorithm is designed. The case study is carried out to demonstrate the validity of above dynamic job-shop scheduling methods.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Permanent Magnet Arc Guideway Motor
Authors: Zhang Gong , Wang Kun , Wang Yin Pin , Zhou Xue Feng , Chen Xian Shuai
Published: August 2013

Based on the application drawback of the conventional motor reciprocating within certain angle, a novel permanent magnet arc guideway motor (PMAGM) is put forward which directly converts electrical current into limited angular moment, producing torque through a limited rotation angle of normally much less than ±180°. According to the permanent magnet (PM) magnetization and solenoid coil electrifying modes, five different magnetization orientations and three different electrifying modes are analysed. Results show that electromagnetic force of Y direction magnetized alone the external field force lines is larger than any other magnetization orientations, 40% higher than that of vertical magnetization. X direction electromagnetic force magnetized alone the external field force lines in proposal 3 is 2.5 times that of the vertical magnetization in proposal 2. The electromagnetic force and dynamic response performance of designed PMAGM could be improved effectively and provided with certain practical significance.
The Design of Remote Control PLC System Based on Web Service
Authors: Xu Shu Ping , Huang Lei
Published: August 2013

Traditional control methods what existed operability and real-time issues; We proposed a solution based on Web Service technology to achieve remote control system, and PLC as the control object, we established feasible communication between PC and lower computer; Combined with JAVA language develop WEB page as the control system of the client and write serial communication, as well as published it online and remote controlled it by INTERNET system; Experiment shows that the remote control system improve the controllability of the equipment and condition monitoring in real time, which has a high significance and practical value.
On-Line Verification of Relay Protection Setting Based on Transmission Contribution Degree
Authors: Mu Zong Jiang , Xu Yan , Qiu Xing Dong , Wang Jin Jie
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a new method that is based on the transmission contribution degree is proposed, which can effictively imprve on-line verification of relay protection setting.Actually, all protection devices of a line are treated as a whole in this method. Furthermore, the network maximum flow and complex network theory are both applied in this method, which is on the view of the structural point of the grid. The importance index of protection device in a line is determined by the transmission contribution degree. As a result, on-line verification of relay protection setting is according to the descending order of the indexes. IEEE 39-bus system is used to simulate, on the whole, the simulation and analysis of the calculation results to verify the reasonableness and correctness of the method.
The STFT Applied to Inter-Harmonics Analysis in Transformer
Authors: Luo Hui , Li Hao , Cao Liang
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces that the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) could be applied to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of inter-harmonics in transformer. Compared with the traditional Fourier Transform, the STFT could acquire more clear result, and offers theoretical basis for inter-harmonic detection. The STFT is used to analyze the inter-harmonics by selecting proper window slides function in Matlab which can obtain more precise resolution for the time-frequency characteristics. This method is useful to eliminate the inter-harmonics in transformer. It is helpful to improve the quality of power.
Reliability and Availability of Embedded Software Architectures: A Survey
Authors: Faye Fatou , Sene Mbaye
Published: August 2013

This paper summarizes works based on the reliability and the availability of embedded software architectures. Nowadays, the advent of the embedded systems has pulled the development of different domains (aeronautics, automobile, industry, medicines, telecommunications, household electrical appliances, so one so far). Indeed, the embedded system includes hardware and software that must collaborate to carry out well defined complex tasks. An embedded system is an integration of heterogeneous components (components of the computing and the electronics). Indeed, the implementation of the embedded systems presents some constraints which can be, for example the system cost, energy consummation, speed of execution, reliability, availability, security ...However, among these constraints enumerated briefly, the reliability and the availability of the software architecture of these systems are the object of complete study in this article.
The Design of 3G Embedded Smart Home System Based on ARM Cortex MCU
Authors: Xu Zhen , Tao Ya Xiong
Published: August 2013

The application of 3G techniques in the field of embedded system has become one of the hotspots in recent years. This paper designs a CDMA2000 1x smart home system based on Cortex-M3 MCU(micro control unit). The performance of Cortex-M3 based embedded system is analyzed compared with ARM7 platform in terms of code density. From the analysis, it is proved in the paper that ARM Cortex MCU meets the requirement of emerging embedded smart home system.
Development of Cultural Investment Trading Services Platform Based on Drupal Framework
Authors: Huang Chen , Wang Dan , Wang Zhen , Yun Jian
Published: August 2013

We used a untraditional techniques --- Drupal, and created a cultural investment services platform. Drupal is superior to traditional techniques in terms of efficiency and safety. Site foreground selected Bartik theme, selected mysql database as background support, core transaction functionality implemented used Ubercart e-commerce module. Site has friendly search and browsing interface, and provide a forum, private messages and other communication means.
Classification of Botnets and Botnet Defense Techniques
Authors: Zhang You Lin
Published: August 2013

As an effective platform for networking attacking, the botnet brings the most serious threats. In this paper, botnets are categorized into three classes based on network structure. They are centralized botnet, distributed (P2P) bornet and hybrid botnet. This paper divides botnet defense techniques into three fields: detection, measurement and restraint. It analyzes each field in detail, and discusses that which defense technique is suitable for what kind of botnet.
Cloud Computing Applications in Library Information Services
Authors: Ning Lu , Xing Yan Li
Published: August 2013

Cloud computing technology widely used in the library, change the concept on library, access to information, saved and service. This paper analyzes the impact of cloud computing technology applications for library, discusses aspects of the application of cloud computing technology acquired in the library information resources organization, information resources, information resources, services and information resources sharing.
The VR Model Design of Microorganism Fermentation Platform Based on Flash
Authors: Gao Yun Li , Bai Ji Fang
Published: August 2013

In view of studentss lack of production practices in Biology Microorganism, a design and implementation scheme for Microorganism Fermentation professionals Production practices is developed by using the 3DSMax modeling techniques, Flash and ActionScript 3.0. Firstly, create the model of fermentation tank, valves and pipelines and then put all theses objects in cascade. Secondly, simulate the basic manipulation knowledge test, the demo mode and the exercises mode in flash. Thirdly, design choice question, sorted question, keyboard control and hit-testing by using ActionScript 3.0. The platform has characteristics, such as high-degree of simulation, human-computer interaction, and portability. So it is a useful platform.
The Levels of Systems Integration
Authors: Peci Matus , Važan Pavel , Nemlaha Eduard
Published: August 2013

This thesis deals with systems integration at four levels. The systems integration is a complicated process which it usually do a system integrator. It is not just about the systems for business applications and administrative process but it also includes systems for manufacturing, distribution and communication. Each level is characterized by specific requirements.
First Principles Calculations of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Cu-Doped SnS2
Authors: Qin Kun Nan , Zhao Ling Zhi , Liu Yong Mei , Li Fang Fang , Cui Chao Yang
Published: August 2013

The electronic structure and optical properties of Cu-doped SnS2with Sn-substituted content of 0, 12.5 and 37.5 at.% were successfully calculated by the first principles plane-wave pseudopotentials based on the density functional theory. It is found that the intermediate belts appear near the Fermi level and the energy band gap becomes narrower after the doping of the Cu atoms. The absorption peaks show a remarkable redshift and the absorption region broadens relatively after introducing acceptor impurity level. When Sn atoms of 37.5 at% were substituted by Cu, the optical absorption coefficient is significantly improved in the frequency range below 5.58 eV and over 8.13 eV.
An Entry Point Based Local Path Planning for Mobile Robot with Blind Zone
Authors: Gao Yang , Hu Da Wei , Wang Lai Jun , Yang Jing Shuai
Published: August 2013

Path planning for mobile robot with blind zone is a difficult and practical problem. To decrease the influence of blind zone. The path planning approach in this paper has introduced entry point to represent the free road which may guide the robot to find the gaps between obstacles. By estimating the entry point in blind zone and estimating the probability it exist there using uncented kalman filter, the historical sensor information is used. All entry points are then evaluated using a evaluate function. So that both the current sensor information and the historical sensor information are used. Compared with the traditional local path planning approaches, this approach avoid the trap problem and the hover problem came with the blind zone. Simulation has proved the effect.
Functional Tolerance Analysis of a Complex Mechanism Based on Analysis Line Method
Authors: Li Chun Li , Yang Jian Xin , Li Rui
Published: August 2013

Tolerance analysis plays an important role at the stage of product design and has great influences on the assembly quality and manufacturing costs. For each ending point on the functional feature, the displacement transfer relationship is influenced by the clearance between the two parts and the tolerances of each part. With regard to functional tolerance accumulation for the simple assembly, the tolerance analysis of a complex mechanism with three parts is conducted based on the analysis line method. The rules for the functional tolerance analysis process will be summarized in this paper.
Structure Arrangement and the Impact Analysis of Hybrid Passenger
Authors: Sun Li , Zhao Zhi Guo , Liu Yong Chen , Zhong Yong Qiang
Published: August 2013

Under the call of energy conservation and emission reduction in the whole world, the hybrid cars with its good fuel economy become the important vehicle mode. The ordinary passenger is converted into a hybrid passenger, in order to meet the power performance and fuel economy of the hybrid bus and the power control requirements, the ordinary passenger must be modified design mainly equipped with assembly parts. This article mainly design assembly parts arrangement position of the equipped later, and make the front and rear axle load difference of the hybrid passenger and the original passenger be not large, to ensure all performances of the hybrid electric passenger. Then for the whole vehicle arrangement parameters variation, respectively analyze the quality parameters.
Early-Warning Research for Carrying Capacity in Scenic Spots and its Application
Authors: Yang Xiu Ping , Li Er Chao
Published: August 2013

The paper deeply studies early-warning system of carrying capacity in scenic spots, providing quantitative model support for early-warning system of carrying capacity. Indexes of early-warning system of carrying capacity in scenic spots is established, use GM(1,1) model to construct warning degree predict model. At last, Jifa agricultural ecological sightseeing garden as an example proves that the early-warning model designed is feasible and effective.
Research on Organization of On-Site Emergency Command System Based on FINC
Authors: Li Hua , Shui Yong Bo
Published: August 2013

Countries around the world have established the incident emergency command system in response to frequent emergencies. However, it can't use the traditional reductionism method to study the system efficacy. Emergency command system is a paramilitary organization, FINC network analysis method can be used to consider the accident scene of the cataclysm site and rescue situation. Using three levels of the scene of the fire emergency command and organization of the network topology structure model for the analysis of delay, central degree and the information quality, and other important system performance indicators, thus to establish a reasonable and efficient in the field of emergency command group provides reliable theoretical support.
Physically Based Animation of Fluid Movement in a Periodic Domain
Authors: Qin Pei Yu , Guo Li , Hu Zhi Li
Published: August 2013

A physically based approach for simulating fluid movement is proposed. Realistic animation and real time simulation are two objectives. Traditional animation technique can obtain virtual movement, but it has difficulty for realistic movement. Compared with the traditional animation technique, physically based animation can represent realistic movement better. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are used in our model, and the operator splitting method including semi-Lagrangian scheme and fast Fourier transform is employed to split the model into external force term, advection term, diffusion term and projection term. Every step is stable , so the whole process is also stable. Thus, the big time step can be taken to ensure real time simulation. Compared with the traditional technique, this method can be taken for realistic animation and real time simulation of fluid movement in computer graphics applications.
Real-Time Object Detection Algorithm Based on Back-Projection
Authors: Zhang Chen , Qian Xu
Published: August 2013

Object detection is the important foundation of visual tracking. In this paper, a real-time object detection algorithm based on back-projection was presented. Firstly, according to the principle of back-projection, the objects probability image is calculated by objects color histogram model, and then we determine the object on the basis of some contour strategy in that image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm accurately detected the position of object in real-time if the contour of object change within a certain range and the color of object is distinct.
Medical Bottle Detecting System Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Wang Bao Jun , Yang Guang Yan
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a medical bottle detecting system based on machine vision, and completing the tightness detection task for the installation of vial and cap. The first step is experimental platform building; secondly, using MATLAB software for operations such as histogram equalization, image enhancement, image segmentation and boundary signature; finally, finalizing the design of the system software with MATLAB GUI. The systems can significantly reduce testing cost, improve detection quality, speed up the system efficiency and realize non-contact real-time detection in industrial field.
Efficient and Robust Feature Matching via Local Descriptor Generalized Hough Transform
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Tao
Published: August 2013

Robust and efficient indistinctive feature matching and outliers removal is an essential problem in many computer vision applications. In this paper we present a simple and fast algorithm named as LDGTH (Local Descriptor Generalized Hough Transform) to handle this problem. The main characteristics of the proposed method include: (1) A novel local descriptor generalized hough transform framework is presented in which the local geometric characteristics of invariant feature descriptors are fused together as a global constraint for feature correspondence verification. (2) Different from standard generalized hough transform, our approach greatly reduces the computational and storage requirements of parameter space through taking advantage of the invariant feature correspondences. (3) The proposed algorithm can be seamlessly embedded into the existing image matching framework, and significantly improve the image matching performance both in speed and robustness in challenge conditions. In the experiment we use both synthetic image data and real world data with high outliers ratio and severe changes in view point, scale, illumination, image blur, compression and noises to evaluate the proposed method, and the results demonstrate that our approach achieves achieves faster and better matching performance compared to the traditional algorithms.
SCCMI Algorithm for Coupling Analysis of Multi-Lead Epileptic EEG Signals
Authors: Cui Chao , Han Ting Ting , Gao Meng Qiu , Lu Wei , Zou Chao , Song De Bo
Published: August 2013

Symbolic-code condition mutual information (SCCMI) algorithm is proposed,which can detect coupling between several systems.SCCMI combines condition mutual information with symbolic-code algorithm. Condition mutual information entropy is used to finding coupling degree between time series .The meaning of symbolic-code algorithm is to retention large scale information of time sequence, whats more ,reduce noise effect. SCCMI algorithm is used to analyze difference of coupling between epileptic EEG signals and normal ones .Hypothesis testing was done by SPSS.It turns out that the difference between epileptic EEG signals and normal ones is significant.SCCMI algorithm is proved to be effective. And coupling degree can be used as a parameter to measure if brain is healthy.
The Equivalent Variation and Optimization Design of the Operating Mechanism of the Harvester
Authors: Lu Lei , Luo Kang , Wang Qiang , Chen Hua
Published: August 2013

In this paper, an equivalent mechanism is obtained by means of optimal design to overcome the drawbacks of an existing brake pedal operating mechanism in a harvester. After establishing the mathematical model, we obtain the optimal design model, including the objective and constraint functions. Consequently the local optimal solutions are worked out, resulting in a solution for the applied engineering problem.
Analyzing the Anti-Noise Performance of NAIRT Used in Deflection Tomography with Noised Projections
Authors: Gao Zhen Qiang , Tian Zhi Guang , Song Yi Zhong
Published: August 2013

A new iteration reconstruction technique is suggested, which is named nonlinear auto-adjusting iterative reconstruction technique (NAIRT). Its anti-noise performance used in deflection tomography was tested with its projections added noises. A complicated air flow field, called model, was simulated, and was projected according to deflection tomographic algorithm. Thereupon, the real projections were obtained. A Series of random noises at different strength level were produced using randG function. Then, the noises were added to the real projections linearly. So, a series of noised projections were acquired. According to deflection tomographic algorithm, the noised projections were inversely projected to reconstruct the model using NAIRT. The reconstructive effect at the end of each cycle iteration was recorded with mean square error (MSE) index. The iteration stopped after one hundred and three cycles. As the results: First, at the noise level of 60dB S/N, NAIRT could reconstruct the model by a decent accuracy. The MSE declined to 6.49×10-5 at the end of 103 iteration cycles. Second, at the noise level of 30dB S/N, NAIRT could yet reconstruct the model by the level of its profile. The MSE stabilized at 2.67×10-4 at the end of 103 cycles. Last, at the noise level of 100dB S/N, NAIRT could accurately reconstruct the model. The MSE declined to 3.49×10-5 at the end of 103 iteration cycles. Both the reconstructed images and MSE analyses demonstrated that NAIRT had wonderful anti-noise performance when it was used in deflection tomography.
Wide Range Underground Water Level Dynamic Information Monitoring Network System
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Xiao Mei , Luo Xue Ke
Published: August 2013

In order to solve data lack of underground water research and monitoring situation, a wide range underground water lever dynamic information monitoring network system was designed. Remote monitoring terminal based on the techniques of embedded and wireless transmission monitored the change of underground water level; Monitoring analysis center based on the JAVA technology of B/S architecture was designed to inquiry the real-time data,set parameter and analyze data, etc. An approximate water level point was obtained by adopting the modified small period prediction model and the weight distribution method. This enhances reliability of monitored data. By utilizing the technology of GPRS wireless data transmission and Ethernet technology, a remote and real-time data transmission channel was build. Large area application in Shanxi Province shows that the system has the stable performance and the reasonable structure. System can provide long-term reliable data for underground water research.
Intraoperative Motor Cortex Functional Localization Based on ECoG Detecting Techniques
Authors: Fu Qiong Lin , Jiang Tao , Wu Xiao Ming , Zhang Shi Fu
Published: August 2013

It is a big problem how to finish intraoperative functional localization precisely, rapidly and no-invasively during neurosurgery operations. Previous researchs shown that the SCP (slow cortical potential) is a specific ECoG (electrocorticography) rhythm in the cortical motor areas. A real limb movement induced ERP(event-related potential) of SCP in the motor cortex. In this study, based on ERP of SCP phenomenon, wavelet analysis and SVM (support vector machine) were used to extract and classify the ERP of SCP feature, an algorithms for classification of the ERP in the motor regions utilizing experimental data was designed and verified. Then the results of classification were used to mapping the boundary curve of motor cortex functional areas. Results demonstrated that the accuracy of localization detection was 93.75% , the degree of accuracy was less than 5 mm, with an operation time of 2 minutes, avoiding the problems of cerebral cortex injury and epilepsy onset. The cerebral motor cortex functional localization based on SCP in ECoG detecting technique is accurate, safe and rapid.
Study on Resonant Properties for HE111 Mode of Complicated Microwave Cavity in Rubidium Frequency Standard under Different Parameters
Authors: Li Xiao Xiao , Hou Shang Lin , Lei Jing Li
Published: August 2013

Microwave cavity with complicated structure and rubidium gas is studied by mode matching method. By calculating resonant frequencies of HE111mode under different parameters, main factors that influence resonant frequency is studied. In addition, the resonant frequency of HE111mode is compared with commercial software (CST) results. The computed results show good agreement with CST simulations. It can be seen that this method is of high credibility and efficiency. This paper is of great significance for cavity design and theoretical perfection.
Rail Irregularity Power Spectrum of High-Speed Railways
Authors: Wang Xiao Qin , Zhang Xuan
Published: August 2013

taking the rail spectrum of high-speed railways suggested by the China Academy of Railway Sciences for example. maked spectrum estimation of sample space using the equivalent method based on power spectrum in frequency range and obtains the power spectral density of rail irregularity through Matlab programming. Results show that the smaller the mean square value is, the smoother the rail is. For v=200km/h, the simulated peak values of rail irregularity are all smaller than 12mm; when the high-speed train travels at 350km/h, the sensitive wavelength that causes strong vibration of the body can reach 100m.
Investigation on Effect of the Pitch of Shear Keys on the In-Plane Shear Performance of Sandwich Panels with PU Foam Core: FE Study
Authors: Mostafa A. , Shankar K.
Published: August 2013

The main problem associated with using composite sandwich panels with foam core is their ability to withstand shear load. The techniques currently available to improve the shear performance and the skin-core debonding resistance of the sandwich structure, necessary for efficient and reliable design, have the drawback of significantly reducing the in-plane mechanical properties of the whole structure. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects induced by inserting a semi-circular shear keys between the skin and the foam core to improve the in-plane shear response of the sandwich structure. Tension, compression and shear tests were performed for a complete static mechanical characterisation of the constituents of the sandwich. The mechanical properties of each component were used as input data in the finite element (FE) analysis using ABAQUS software. Parametric investigation using the FE analysis to select the most suitable pitch of the shear keys taking into consideration the material nonlinearity and the complex interaction between all the mating surfaces is performed. Five different pitches have been investigated namely 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 mm. The results showed that the model with 45 mm pitch represents the most sustainable model among the others.
Stress Analysis of Reeled Composite Pipelines Based on Shallow Shell Theories
Authors: Albarody Thar M. Badri , Zahiraniza Mustaffa Bt , Taufiq Mohammed Badri
Published: August 2013

The instabilities in reeled pipelines during spooling of (initially straight) or laying of (initially bent) pipeare investigated based on shell theories. A combination of composite materials was studied and number of bending stability cases is discussed. It was demonstrated that composite pipeline exhibits more stability than steel pipes. The bending stability of spooled pipeline is examined in detailed and in particular, the case on the diameter drum of the reel lay system. Moreover, results on the strain energy release in the reel lay system are presented, extending the findings of previous works on controlling the spooling or laying mechanism.
Assessment of Perturbation and Homotopy-Perturbation Methods for Solving Nonlinear Oscillator Equations
Authors: Ramezani Maziar , Neitzert Thomas Rainer
Published: August 2013

In this paper, two modified perturbation methods, namely, artificial parameter method (APM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) have been successfully implemented to find the solution of van der Pol nonlinear oscillator equation. Different from classical perturbation method, APM and HPM do not require small parameter and therefore, obtained approximate solutions may be uniformly valid for both weak nonlinear systems and strong nonlinear systems. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed methods reveals that APM and HPM are more effective compared to classical perturbation method and with only a few terms, approximate the exact solution with a fairly reasonable error.
Research on Numerical Problem in the Simulation Statics Analysis Program of High Speed Ball Bearing
Authors: Yan Ming , Wang Ming Ming , Zhu Xiang Jun
Published: August 2013

Load distribution, contact angle, rotate speed of rolling element, support stiffness of bearing, fatigue life and other aggregative indicators are got through the simulation statics analysis program of high speed ball bearing. Consequently, it is widely used in the engineering field. The domestic thesis about the simulation statics analysis program of the high speed ball bearing is barely reported, and most of the theoretical research thesis are not specific and have some mistakes. Consequently, aim for programming about a practical suit of the simulation statics analysis program of ball bearing, and the certain numerical problems are studied in the procedure of program.
Improvements in the Performance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System with Variable Resistor at Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Jeong Jin A , Jin Chung Kuk
Published: August 2013

This experiment represents the effect of impressed current cathodic protection with a variable resistor on concrete specimens. The effect of cathodic protection (CP) system on concrete structures can be changed at different condition. Especially, in marine concrete structures, it is difficult in applying impressed current CP by means of one rectifier in both high resistivity area (dry area) and low resistivity one (wet area). Thus, in this study, the variable resistor was utilized to fulfill similar CP effect on both high resistivity zone and low resistivity one in order to manage the problem. Specimens were concrete slab type with a base of 400mm × 400mm and a height of 70mm. Test factors were CP potential, CP current, and 4-hour depolarization potential. Test results showed that the variable resistor could have positive influences on an improvement in CP effects. In addition, environmental conditions had to be considered to reach enough CP potential and current in this system.
Surface Lunar Soil Excavation Simulation Based on Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Method
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Da Wei , Liu Bin , Duan Long Chen
Published: August 2013

One of the important objectives of lunar exploration is to obtain the lunar soil samples. However, the sampling process is very different from that on the Earth due to special characteristics of the lunar soil and surface environment. In order to ensure that the lunar exploration and sampling are successful, large numbers of ground experiments and computer simulations must be taken. In this paper, the surface lunar soil excavation simulation is investigated by three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). It is implemented based on the open source LIGGGHTS, which takes the lunar soil as spherical particles. The interaction between the excavation tool and lunar soil is demonstrated. The excavation force and torque have also been calculated in real time. Moreover, the comparison of the excavation in different environments between the Earth and Moon corresponding to their different gravity accelerations was done. This paper shows that three-dimensional discrete element method can be used for the surface lunar soil excavation simulation and can provide important reference results for actual operations.
Adjustment of Mill CNC Parameters to Optimize Cutting Operation and Surface Quality on Acrylic Sheet Machining
Authors: Setiawan Kuswara , Tambunan Sihar Tigor Benjamin , Yuliana Pram Eliyah
Published: August 2013

Acrylic is easy to machine. In addition to the advantages derived from the use of mill Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine on acrylic sheet, there are at least two serious problems that need attention especially in cutting a small part with many vertices. These problems are the presence of excessive heat due to friction between the cutting tool with acrylic sheet on high RPM of spindle rotation, and soft acrylic flakes trapped in crevices of the cutting tools’flute.Generally, the cutting process using a mill CNC machine often is a practice of trial and error. At least nine basic technical parameters need to be optimized. The effectiveness of the parameter values are determined by observing and measuring the actual cutting time using mill CNC machine at given parameter settings, surface texture quality, the level of clarity of the cuts, characteristics of chip formation, and edge roughness.The experimental results showed that the adhesion of acrylic sheet and cutting tools is relatively low. However, the heat of cutting tool due to high spindle rotation, low feed rate, and relatively low melting point of acrylic, tend to form very small, soft, and hot flakes. The acrylic chips have great potential entering the crevices of cutting tools’ flutes, and reducing the cutting power significantly. In other condition, the cutting tool could even be broken if feed rate is too high. Some technical values of these parameters are recommended to obtain optimal CNC based cutting operation and surface quality on acrylic sheet.
Photocatalytic Degradation of the Diesel Fuel by Using the Calcium Bismuthate - Bismuth Oxide Photocatalyst Composition
Authors: Shtarev Dmitry Sergeevich , Shtareva Anna Vladimirovna
Published: August 2013

This paper provides new data on the visible light catalytic degradation of aqueous solution of diesel fuel on the calcium bismuthate - bismuth oxide catalyst compositions. It also investigated the toxicity of the catalyst composition and the products of the catalytic decomposition of diesel fuel.
Numerical Modeling of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Beam
Authors: Iqbal Khan Mohammad , Abadel Aref A.
Published: August 2013

Steel fibre reinforced concrete is emerging very popular and attractive material in structural engineering because of its enhanced mechanical performance as compared to conventional concrete. It is well established that one of the important properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation. Additionally, incorporation of fibres in the concrete enhances the compressive, tensile and shear strengths, flexural toughness, durability and resistance to impact. The mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete depend on the type and specification of fibres. In this paper numerical investigation of SFRC beam using ANSYS is presented. The analysis was conducted till the ultimate failure cracks. Eight-noded solid brick elements were used to model the concrete. Internal reinforcement was modeled by using 3D spar elements. It has been observed the results from the finite element failure behavior indicates a good agreement with the experimental failure behavior.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature to the Microstructure and Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Zhou Ya Jun , Jiang Ai Yun , Liu Jian Xiu
Published: August 2013

AZ91 magnesium alloy was fabricated by powder metallurgy. The effects of sintering temperature on the relative density, hardness and tensile strength were investigated. The microstructure of the material was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). The study found that the best sintering temperature is 550°C under the vacuum hotpressing, and at this sintering temperature the relative density can reach to 98.3%. SEM and EDS show that the sintering microstructure of the alloy is composed of α-Mg solid solution and the second phase β-Mg17Al12. Under the 550°C sintering temperature, Volume diffusion is the mainly sintering form, and produced more β-Mg17Al12 which is dispersively distributed on the grain boundary, and improves the hardness of alloy by second-phase strength.
Dynamic Damage Assessment of Inter-Layer Seismic Isolation Buildings under Spectral Indicators
Authors: Chang Pei Ju , Zhu Jian
Published: August 2013

This study focuses on obtaining such damage probability curves based on representative Inter-layer seismic isolation buildings (ILSIB) in China metropolis using whole spectral indicator. 30 corrected random earthquake waves are selected to represent the variability in ground motion. Dynamic time history analysis is used to analyze the random sample of structures. Random damage scatter diagrams based on different spectral indexes are all achieved. Index of damage probability based Sd indicator is most precise in all the spectral indexes because of the least coefficient of variation. Fragility in Y axis is more serious than in X axis through careful analysis.