bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whale Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection Enhances Classification in Malware Datasets
Authors: Al Ghamri Mariam , Ibrahim Dyala , Sihwail Rami , Shehab Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Malicious programs are increasing abnormally, affecting our everyday lives. Modern sophisticated and agile malware programs are not always detected by traditional malware detection methods that use signature-based techniques. As a result, researchers use behavior-based techniques to analyze malware behaviors (features). However, malware features derived from behavioral analysis commonly suffer from high dimensionality. Accordingly, this work applies the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to find the optimal subset of features in the CIC-MalMem-2022 dataset. Feature selection contributes significantly to reducing high-dimensionality issues and improving malware detection performance. WOA is employed to enhance the efficiency of the selection process for the optimal features and determine the most advantageous set of features by omitting redundant and irrelevant features. In addition, we apply the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) to detect malware. Using WOA and KNN, this study improves the detection efficiency of CIC-MalMem-2022. According to the findings, the proposed method outperforms existing malware detection systems, including detection fitness value, accuracy, consuming time, and the number of selected features.
 
Received: 2 September 2024 | Revised: 11 November 2024 | Accepted: 21 November 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Mariam Al Ghamri: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Dyala Ibrahim: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Project administration. Rami Sihwail: Methodology, Validation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Mohammad Shehab: Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization.
Santiago Álvarez: de la forma dramática al cine directo
Authors: Mraz John
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se examinan dos polos del cine documental, tal como se manifiestan en los primeros veinte años (1961-1980) de trayectoria profesional del gran realizador cubano de documentales: el “dramático”, basado en la yuxtaposición, el sonido contrapuntístico y manipulaciones flagrantes que evidencian el papel del director; y el “directo”, basado en la toma larga, el sonido sincrónico y una mínima intervención manifiesta por parte del director. Siguiendo a Georg Lukács, se ligan las formas artísticas dramáticas a los periodos dinámicos de la historia, y las formas descriptivas a aquellos periodos en los que el impulso hacia el cambio se ve frustrado. Las obras clave de Santiago Álvarez (desde Ciclón, 1963, hasta Mi hermano Fidel, 1979) son ilustrativas de la dinámica histórica de la Revolución cubana. El análisis de estas películas y el desarrollo estilístico global de Álvarez se vinculan a los eventos nacionales e internacionales que han dado forma a la política y la ideología cubanas. Para el investigador, el periodo más creativo de Álvarez, que se caracteriza por la intensidad ideológica y la improvisación estilística, agresivos montajes musicales, efectos de sonido, imágenes e intertítulos, coincidió con la efervescencia sociopolítica del periodo de 1965-1970. Considera que el giro estilístico de Álvarez hacia formas más estáticas con posterioridad a 1970 es consistente con la reorientación de las prioridades políticas implícitas en la “institucionalización” de la Revolución.
“Boato es poder”. La ciudad engalanada al servicio de las entradas regias en la Barcelona del siglo XVIII
Authors: Creixell Cabeza Rosa María
Published: January 2025

En cualquier periodo histórico, construir, habitar y entender las dinámicas compositivas de cualquier urbe entraña no desestimar la importancia de lo que podemos convenir en llamar “la alteración de los ritmos cotidianos”. Sólo tomando en cuenta esta realidad y las repercusiones que conlleva es factible captar el sentido que tiene el hecho de modificar y ocupar un determinado espacio urbano; en nuestro caso, la Barcelona que se desarrolló a lo largo del siglo XVIII, y que ejemplariza a la perfección la relación de causa-efecto entre los acontecimientos de tipo histórico o social sobrevenidos en una ciudad equis y el desarrollo urbanístico a que se ve sometida. Es relevante recordar que la fragmentación de los ritmos cotidianos respondió a causas diversas: episodios bélicos, la llegada de campesinos buscando una vida mejor, entradas reales, procesiones de beatificación y un largo etcétera de acontecimientos que afectaron puntual o definitivamente la imagen de la gran urbe mediterránea. Y si bien algunos sumieron a ésta y a sus gentes en un sentir de negritud y pesadumbre, otros —aquellos fastos de celebración— marcaron su capacidad para enmascararse con un envoltorio puntual e ilusorio a fin de ofrecer un aspecto suntuoso y solemne. Al asignarse como objetivo perfilar las imágenes creadas por esos insignes acontecimientos de una Barcelona transitoria y efímera en el siglo XVIII, el presente artículo reflexiona sobre estas transformaciones, poniendo de relieve cómo se vivieron y se desarrollaron y, especialmente, qué papel nada desdeñable jugaba la ciudadanía en cada función: el de actores secundarios.
Review : To Study Adverse Drug Reactions of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitiors as an Antihypertensive Agent
Authors: Ms. Swati  Machindra Thengade  , Prof. Nikhil Nikkam  , Ms. Chetana Dilipsingh Bedwal
Published: January 2025

Background : ACE inhibitors are a medication class used to treat and manage hypertension, a significant risk factor for coronary diseases, stroke, heart failure and number of other cardiovascular condition. Due to long therapy ACE inhibitors as an antihypertensive drugs are commonly associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Therefore the study was conducted with the objective to examine the incidence of different types of ADRs in drug treated hypertensive patients.
Methods : A prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted in the outpatient of department of general medicine of primary care hospital in Chhatrapati SambhajiNagar. 120 diagnosed hypertensive patients were studied. Questionnaire was asked and their priscription were analysed and follow up was done.
Results : In our study total 120 patients were included. Total number of ADR reported was 65. In this study out of 120 patients, 70 (58.33%) were male and 50 (41.66%) were female. Most common ADRs Dry cough ( 10% to 20%), Dizziness ( 12% to 19%), Hypotension ( 7% to 11%) Increased BUN and creatinine ( 2% to 11%), Syncope ( 5% to 7%) and Hyperkalemia ( 2% to 6%) were reported. As per WHO-UMC scale, type of reactions and their percentage are as certain (9.23%), probable/likely (69.23%), possible (15.38%) and unlikely(6.15%). According to Naranjo scale, type of reactions and their percentage are as definite (9.23%), possible (15.38%), probable ( 69.23%) and doubtful (6.15%). Severity assessement is done by Hartwig and Siegel scale. No lethal ADR were reported. 6.15% reactions were severe, 24.61% were moderate category and 64 % were mild reaction.
Conclusion : Such type of studies would be useful for the physicians in rational selection of drug therapy for treatment of hypertensive patients . This present data suggest that the ADR monitoring needs to be done in hiopital settings continuously so that unexpected effect caused by different medicines can be identified and documented.
Child Safety Device With GPS Tracking and Alert Messaging
Authors: Ritika Arya  , Yadnakshi Mahajan  , Prathmesh Khanvilkar  , Mohammad Junedul Haque  , Narendra Joshi
Published: January 2025

Designed to help prevent bullying, violence, and kidnapping. The device integrates various sensors and technologies, including GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System for Mobile) modules, and an alarm, to offer real-time tracking, emergency alert messaging, live streaming, and the ability to deter potential threats. Through a connected mobile app, the system also provides health monitoring and environmental awareness. The compact, discreet design allows it to be placed in commonly used child belongings, making it ideal for daily use. This approach provides a practical and reliable means of enhancing child safety and reducing the risks associated with kidnapping and child trafficking. The device activates in emergency situations with the press of a single button
Dragon Fruit Extract-Based Hand Wash: An Effective Agent Against Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Rutuja Pawar  , Prof. Waghmare S. U  , Pratiksha Tupe  , Ankita Sawant
Published: January 2025

Our hands are the main entry points for many illnesses into our bodies. Regular hand washing after a predetermined period of time is essential to eradicating such dangerous diseases. The dragon fruit, often called pitaya, is an exotic tropical plant that is gaining popularity all over the world because of its high nutritional content and bioactive components, which include strong natural antioxidants. An organic hand wash containing vital nutrients and bioactive substances is made from dragon peel extract. Dragon peel is a desirable component for hand hygiene products because it contains bioactive compounds like polyphenol and flavonoids that have antioxidant, maybe antibacterial, and moisturizing qualities. Because dragon fruit is high in vitamins, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds, its peel shows promise as a cosmetic ingredient. Because of its high vitamin, mineral, and amino acid content, aloe vera can improve skin hydration while also having a calming effect. A large number of products used as traditional herbs have a long history of usage in herbal therapy. The primary way that infections are spread to patients is through healthcare professionals' hands. As a result, more antiseptics are being used for hand cleaning
Culture-based and Sanger sequencing approaches to uncover the diversity of leaf-fungal endophytes in neotropical gymnosperms
Authors: Meléndez Omayra , Bethancourt Rita , Bethancourt Ariadna , Rodríguez–Castro Lilisbeth , Mendieta Jorge , Durant Archibold Armando A. , Vargas Marta , Sedio Brian , Saltonstall Kristin , Villarreal A. Juan Carlos
Published: January 2025

Endophytic fungi play a crucial role in the survival and adaptation of their host plants. In recent decades, unprecedented diversity of endophytic fungi has been reported in angiosperms, but knowledge about this diversity in tropical gymnosperms is lacking. Among gymnosperms, cycads (Cycadales) are important components of Neotropical forests with high levels of endemism in Central and South America. We used a combination of axenic culture and Sanger sequencing to isolate and identify leaf endophytes of two endemic cycads from humid forests of Panama, Zamia nana and Z. pseudoparasitica. The latter is the only known epiphytic gymnosperm. In Z. pseudoparasitica, 50 morphotypes were isolated from El Copé, 58 from Santa Fe, and 22 from Cerro Marta.  We sampled one wild population of Z. nana (El Valle de Antón), from which we recovered 74 morphotypes. We also sampled Z. nana from the International Garden of Cycads in Panama City. Sequencing of 69 cultures with the ITS rRNA locus identified several ascomycetes: Colletotrichum, Cercophora, Hypoxylon, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, and a basidiomycete: Tritirachium. This is one of the first studies to document the diversity of endophytic fungi in a Neotropical gymnosperm and provides a window into the endophytic fungi that inhabit the leaves of tropical plants.
Tomografía sísmica del Volcán Barú y alrededores, provincia de Chiriquí, sur occidente de Panamá
Authors: Sagel Daphne , Camacho Astigarrabía Eduardo , Serrano Inmaculada
Published: January 2025

Se realizó una tomografía sísmica del volcán Barú y alrededores, en el suroccidente de Panamá. El volcán Barú es uno de los últimos volcanes en el extremo sur de Centroamérica y los estudios realizados en esta investigación brindan un escenario muy importante sobre la estructura interna del mismo. Mediante la tomografía sísmica de velocidad de las ondas P, se obtuvieron imágenes que muestran heterogeneidades en la estructura interna del volcán Barú, las cuales se deben a la compleja evolución, subducción y tectónica de la zona. El resultado más importante es la anomalía negativa al noroeste del volcán Barú y sureste de cerro Tizingal que se observa en todas las capas y que sugiere una posible cámara magmática. Este estudio brinda una panorámica sobre las posibilidades de erupciones futuras, lo que nos permitirá adoptar medidas de mitigación más eficaces en las zonas circundantes al volcán Barú donde existe una población de alrededor de 20.000 habitantes.
Hafız Safvan Çakıroğlu ve Kur'ân'a Hizmetleri
Authors: ŞENEL Şaban Ali , ÇELİK İmran
Published: January 2025

Ülkemizde kıraat sahasında hizmet etmiş ve ilmiyle tanınmış pek çok âlimimiz vefat etmiştir. Vefatlarından sonra onların adını yaşatmak ve yaptıkları hizmetleri gelecek nesillere tanıtmak bu çalışmanın ana hedefleri arasındadır. Bu çalışmada uzun soluklu kurs niteliği taşıyan, Türkiye’de ikinci, Ankara’da ilk olarak resmiyete kavuşan ““Aşere-Takrib Hizmet İçi Eğitim Kursu" hocalığı yapmış; 2014 yılında vefat etmiş Hafız Safvan Çakıroğlu’nun ilmî hayatı, kıraat öğretim metodu ve Kur’ân’a hizmetleri ele alınmıştır. O, yetmiş dört yıllık ömrünün elli yılını mihraba ve Kur’ân hizmetine adamış bir şahsiyet olarak, Osmanlı’dan miras kalan kıraat eğitimini, geleneğe bağlı kalarak devam ettirmiştir. Safvan hoca, gösterişten uzak, sadeliği benimseyen bir tilâvet anlayışı ile Kur’ân okuyan ve Kur’ân hâdimleri yetiştirmeyi kendisine görev addetmiş, aynı zamanda kıraat geleneğini sürdürmek için büyük çaba sarf etmiş bir şahsiyettir. Bu çalışma vesilesiyle Hafız Safvan Çakıroğlu’nun; ailesi, mesai arkadaşları ve öğrencilerinde şifahî olarak bulunan bilgiler araştırılıp Kur’ân/Kıraat alanıyla ilgilenenlerin istifadesine sunulmuştur.
Optimizing the Use of Digital Libraries in Basic Education
Authors: Putri Candra Avista , Syaifuddin Ahmad , Rohman Nurur , Aziz Abd , Ponijan Rizky Maulidya Putri
Published: January 2025

The development of the times is getting faster with technology. Digital madrasas also need other supporters for better educational sustainability. In the era of digitalization, the Madrasah as an educational institution also has a role in keeping up with the times. This study aims to describe efforts to optimize digital libraries and analyze the strategy for developing digital collections in madrasah libraries. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including observation of the condition and state of the digital library in the Madrasah, interviews with resource persons as digital library managers, and documentation of activities in the digital library. The study results show that digital libraries in madrasas are optimized for digital use, especially in education. In addition, the optimization strategy carried out is that the digital library has collections that are digitally recorded where the development of digital collections in the Madrasah includes analyzing user needs, mapping digital collection sources, and evaluating the use and IDs distributed to each library member including all students, teachers and education staff in the Madrasah. As well as optimizing the digital library in collaboration with the central library in Lamongan. The optimization of digital libraries can increase the popularity of digital libraries in madrasas and can expand library digital services.
Implementing the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach to Three-Dimensional Shapes Characteristics using Traditional Blitar Souvenirs in Elementary Schools
Authors: Rahmawati Ika , Kinarsih Tri , Wiryanto Wiryanto
Published: January 2025

The importance of the right approach to mathematics learning. Many students believe that mathematics is complicated to learn because many mathematics teachers teach abstractly. This research is qualitative descriptive research that uses Graveimeiijeir's design research method. This research aims to prove that the hypothesis that has been written in the hypothetical learning trajectory or HLT (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) is correct and how it impacts students' understanding of the material on the characteristics of three-dimensional shapes using traditional Blitar souvenir media and LKPD, which function as a guide to student activities. This research was conducted at SDN Lidah Kulon IV in class 5B. The research subjects were five students, three men and two women. The research stages carried out were planning, implementation in the classroom, and data analysis. This research shows that learning activities using the RME approach are based on the stages of the iceberg theory. This stage consists of real-world situations, models that describe problem situations (models of), models for solving problems (models for), and formal mathematical stages. Using traditional Blitar souvenir media, this stage can help students understand material about the characteristics of three-dimensional shapes.
Studi Stilistika al-Quran Kisah Nabi Musa AS dalam QS. al-Baqarah dan QS. al-A’raf
Authors: Pachrizal Ade , Wiwaha Rizzaldy Satria
Published: January 2025

This research is research analyzing the stylistics of the al-Quran. This research aims to analyze various language styles and expressions of the story of the Prophet Musa as. which is explained in QS. Al-Baqarah and QS. Al-A'rāf. This research uses a qualitative approach with a type of library research based on data collected through documentation techniques. Then the data was analyzed using the content analysis method. The results of this research show that there are a variety of language styles and expressions used in the al-Quran, especially in the story of the Prophet Musa as. influence the meaning, message and impression produced. So that repetitions in the al-Quran must be given more attention to examine the diversity of language styles and expressions.
 
Keywords: al-Quran, story, language, stylistic
Human-Nature Connections: The Chhath Sun Festival as a Lens for Ontological Perspectives in Hinduism
Authors: Kumar Payal , Datta Sreejit
Published: January 2025

This paper describes how the panentheistic Hindu philosophy of Vedanta helps us grasp the deep interrelationship between humans and nature, in contrast to the Judeo-Christian weltanschauung that holds sway today. A deeper understanding of these interactions may hold key insights to strengthen community bonding, as well as to global topics of concern such as sustainability and the unethical treatment of the natural world – with Chhath Puja as the anchor and point of departure for popular expressions of religion and spirituality in India.
Estudio de artefactos sonoros prehispánicos del Museo Inka
Authors: Mercado Rodríguez Edith Cirila , Alanya Quintanilla Norma Liz
Published: January 2025

Los artefactos sonoros prehispánicos del Museo Inka de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco[1], están elaborados en diversos soportes. El presente corresponde al estudio de 35 muestras, ubicadas en tres salas de exhibición y el estudio contribuye al conocimiento de artefactos sonoros, siendo una manifestación inherente a la ideología y cosmovisión de sus ejecutantes. Se ha visto la variedad en cuanto a procedencia, material de elaboración y representaciones escultóricas. La identificación y clasificación de los artefactos sonoros demostró que son heterogéneos, esta variedad sugiere investigaciones interdisciplinarias, con el propósito de actualizar la información y el guion museográfico del Museo Inka. El material usado en su elaboración corresponde a cerámica, en hueso y carrizo como las quenas, y flautas de pan, cascabeles de metal y también materiales que conservaron su estado natural como los pututos, que le dieron algunas tallas externas, pero la configuración interna es natural. La representación morfológica es fina en sus acabados, se perciben representaciones antropomorfas, zoomorfas y fitomorfas. Existen también formas naturales como los pututos y geométricas como las flautas globulares de cerámica. Y tipológicamente se reconoció artefactos sonoros del tipo aerófono, constituyendo el 99% de la muestra e idiófono representado por cuentas y cascabel de metal.
Museología 4.0: una propuesta de implementación “Museo del Sol”
Authors: Ortiz de Orue Quirita Jhoselim
Published: January 2025

La industria 4.0 es la cuarta evolución de la humanidad caracterizada por el proceso de transformación digital de la industria (Blanco et al., 2017), dando paso a una sociedad sin fronteras (Pino Apablaza, 2021). En relación a estas características de desarrollo social, cultural y económico de la realidad actual, surge la inquietud -en el ámbito museológico- de implementar experiencias personalizadas de acuerdo a las necesidades de los visitantes, donde el protagonista de desarrollo democratizador sea la tecnología digital (Pino Apablaza, 2021) teniendo como cabeza el internet y así convertir las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (Yáñez Aldecoa & Gisbert Cervera, 2012) en Tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (Ramírez Tamayo, 2020). Este ámbito, hoy es denominado museología 4.0 (González Rivas & Vázquez Dios, 2022) y se presenta una propuesta para la implementación del Museo del Sol donde la difusión se realizará mediante la tecnología digital y la automatización.
Reflexiones acerca de los impactos antrópicos acontecidos desde el 2002 al 2023 en el paisaje arqueológico de Larapa Chico - Consevidayoq – Cusco
Authors: Álvaro Quispe Licet Patricia , Eguíluz De La Barra Rubén Darío
Published: January 2025

La proliferación de asentamientos contemporáneos en espacios arqueológicos se ha incrementado paulatinamente, tal es el caso del Paisaje Arqueológico de Larapa, donde se observan viviendas contemporáneas ubicadas dentro del espacio delimitado con protección provisional por parte del Ministerio de Cultura. Si bien, se trata de elementos arquitectónicos conocidos como Patrimonio cultural material que entorno a diferentes normativas es menester su protección, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar el termino de patrimonio vinculado al proceso de incremento de edificaciones en el Paisaje arqueológico de Larapa Chico - Concevidayoq a partir de la revisión documentaria y observación en fotografías satelitales en el Software del Google Earth Pro desde el 2002 al 2023.
En ese sentido, se relata documentariamente la parte histórica y los asentamientos inmersos en el Paisaje arqueológico de Larapa Chico – Concevidayoq a través de fotografías satelitales en el Software del Google Earth Pro desde el 2002 al 2023 vinculados a la colindancia del polígono y alineamientos observados en la imagen satelital en referencia a los rastros de las cabeceras de muro de plataformas de Andén, lo que proporcionó alineamientos distribuidos según los años de visualización. Por tanto, que sugiere una construcción del patrimonio arqueológico Local con aspectos pedagógicos, debido a que es evidente el proceso de incremento en el Paisaje arqueológico de Larapa Chico – Concevidayoq.
Género y poder en los Andes Prehispánicos y Coloniales
Authors: Gonzalo Paucar Carin Marisel
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo expone las posturas de algunos autores respecto a las representaciones de género y poder en los andes prehispánicos y coloniales, se busca vislumbrar que las ideologías hispanas de género impuestas a las colonias americanas resultaron extrañas y generaron resistencia de las poblaciones aborígenes, las mismas que tradicionalmente se organizaron conforme las leyes universales que el hombre leía en el cosmos, paralelismo y complementariedad estuvieron presentes en las estructuras de poder prehispánico, que contrastó con el nuevo orden colonial que impuso valores que legitimaban únicamente la autoridad masculina e invisibilizaban el poder dual en los andes.
Evaluación de riesgo físico en edificaciones patrimoniales: el caso del barrio de San Blas-Cusco, lineamientos para su intervención.
Authors: Rodriguez Jordán Jorge Pavel , Zecenarro Benavente Germán , Guerra Vera Jeanne Yadira , Pareja Olivera Obdulia René
Published: January 2025

A partir de la importancia que reviste el patrimonio edificado para la cultura local de las ciudades históricas y de su vulnerabilidad física ante inacciones para su conservación, el presente trabajo desarrolla una evaluación de riesgos físicos identificados en inmuebles patrimoniales del barrio de San Blas del Centro Histórico del Cusco, con la finalidad de proponer lineamientos técnicos y recomendaciones para la conservación de su valor patrimonial y garantizar la continuidad de uso. Se referencian los alcances y experiencias de intervención edilicia en el Cusco en el marco del convenio entre la Municipalidad del Cusco y la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo.
Identificados los inmuebles con valor patrimonial, se diseñan fichas de registro y se verifica su catastro realizándose su calificación y evaluación de riesgos. Se concluye con la formulación de lineamientos y recomendaciones para su conservación y que propicien redes de interacción e involucramiento de actores y agentes sociales.
La patrimonialización del centro histórico del Cusco en la sociedad cusqueña:
Authors: Calvo Calvo Rossano
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo, a propósito de los 40 años de haberse incluido al centro histórico de la ciudad del Cusco en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial, se hace ocasión para analizar la experiencia patrimonial en la sociedad cusqueña en torno a la valoración del centro histórico. Se analiza los marcos de gestión patrimonial desarrollados. Se comprende también el aporte de la ciudadanía de la sociedad cusqueña y, se contextúa los retos que presenta el centro histórico en el desarrollo de la ciudad del Cusco.
Los adoratorios en el camino principal al qollasuyu en el tramo Cusco – La Raya.
Authors: Montes Zuñiga Maxwell Rudy
Published: January 2025

El presente articulo presenta la descripción y análisis de los santuarios y/o adoratorios que se hallaban articulados a través del camino principal al Qollasuyu en el tramo Cusco – La Raya, durante el horizonte tardío, el cual habría otorgado al camino principal cierta relevancia religiosa y política, resaltando así un paisaje visualmente imbricado de simbolismo y sacralidad, el cual habría funcionado además como un Ceque de largo alcance en las que se ubicaron sus principales Huacas y deidades. Para ello establecieron una serie de construcciones cuyas características arquitectónicas especiales son singulares pues configuran un grado de elaboración especial, tanto en su diseño como en su arquitectura, ya que están representados por estructuras rectangulares (kallankas) y conjuntos de canchas, presentando además otras edificaciones como ushnus y fuentes de agua, además, estas construcciones estuvieron asociados a ciertos rasgos distintivos de la naturaleza, como cadenas de montañas, nevados, lagunas, rocas, manantes, ríos, las que fueron sacralizadas siendo sustentada en la tradición oral a partir de historias, mitos y leyendas, destacado algunas por su condición de oráculos.
Breve repaso del Intermedio Temprano en Cusco y su estado del arte.
Authors: Fernandez Baca Geraldine , Bolivar Yapura Wilber , Serrando Baca Juan Diego
Published: January 2025

Existe un número limitado y actualizado de estudios que abordan este período crucial en la secuencia cultural del Cusco prehispánico. Algunos se centran en la pampa de Anta (Izcuchaca, Chincheros, Maras, etc.), mientras que otros se dirigen hacia el Sur del Valle del Cusco (Lucre, Huaro, Kanincunca, etc.), y en el propio valle del Cusco. La mayoría de estos describen la materialidad cultural sin profundizar en su complejidad, relaciones a corta y larga distancia, influencias y procesos culturales en los que estaban inmersos estos asentamientos. Sin embargo, existen tesis de grado elaboradas por alumnos de la Escuela Profesional de Arqueología (UNSAAC) que, aunque son pocas, aún no han sido visibilizados. Por lo tanto, nos hemos dado la tarea de revisarlas y elaborar un estado del arte desde un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando una metodología consistente en la revisión bibliográfica específica del Intermedio Temprano en la región del Cusco.
Planeamiento y arquitectura, sitio arqueológico Illarakay en el horizonte tardío, Cusipata, Cusco
Authors: Sánchez Alferes Washington , Fernández Ortega Lenin
Published: January 2025

La investigación describe los indicadores del planeamiento urbano y la arquitectura del espacio construido del S.A. Illarakay (Sitio Arqueológico), definidos a su vez como sectores residenciales y de uso agrícola; asociados al Qhapaq Ñan al Collasuyo. Considerando el sitio como un asentamiento reocupado y ampliado por los Inka, basados en el análisis de los bienes inmuebles y antecedentes sobre arquitectura y planeamiento oficial impulsada por los Inka, e investigaciones arqueológicas ejecutadas. Cuyos resultados, corroboraron una diferenciación ocupacional y secuencial, materializada en arquitectura perteneciente al Intermedio Tardío y Horizonte Tardío. Empleando como base teórica las informaciones temáticas sobre planeamiento Inka y las herramientas metodológicas de arqueología espacial. Concluyendo con la definición de una organización espacial y urbana, denominada “urbanismo informal”, presentando una distribución agrupada y construcciones cuadrangulares típica en asentamientos preinka, observándose también modificaciones del trazo original durante la reocupación Inka representadas por edificaciones rectangular, siendo una excepción la presencia de un recinto de planta circular en sitio.
Los chuspis
Authors: Cabrera Huaycochea Daril Yovani , Huacallo Lagos Michelle Micaela
Published: January 2025

El estudio iconográfico de los insectos en la cultura Inka revela una simbología compleja y rica en significado. Representaciones de insectos, especialmente moscas, se encuentran en diversas fuentes escritas y artefactos arqueológicos, destacando su asociación con la transitoriedad de la vida y la muerte, así como su papel como mensajeros de presagios importantes.
Los materiales y técnicas utilizados para representar estos insectos, como la cerámica y los textiles finamente elaborados, reflejan la profunda conexión de los Inka ahorita con la naturaleza y su aprecio por la biodiversidad. A lo largo del tiempo y en diferentes regiones del imperio Inkaico, las representaciones de insectos pueden haber variado en su significado y simbolismo, adaptándose a contextos culturales y rituales específicos. La iconografía de insectos en la cultura Inka posiblemente tiene precedentes en culturas preincaicas como la Moche y su evolución refleja la importancia de los insectos en la cosmovisión andina y su influencia en la cultura Inka y posiblemente en las culturas posteriores en la región andina.
Nacionalismo y busqueda de sentido por el centenario de independencia en la Universidad del Cusco y colegio Ciencias, 1921-1924
Authors: Triveños Zela Cristóbal
Published: January 2025

Hace 200 años el Perú estuvo de aniversario. La celebración se dio en Lima, la capital, y en el Cusco. Se cumplía un siglo de trayectoria republicana. Era la celebración de 100 años de la declaración de Independencia y de las dos fechas clave de dicho acontecimiento: la primera del 28 de julio de 1821 y la segunda por la consecución final de la Independencia en la Batalla de Ayacucho del 09 de diciembre de 1824. Esta última consolidó la separación definitiva del Perú del imperio español. En este contexto de recuerdo, un conjunto de intelectuales y ciudadanos cusqueños trazaron, y programaron por dichos motivos una serie de actividades que incluyeron festejos y conmemoración por el Centenario de la independencia del Perú 1821-1921 y 24, en búsqueda de sentido, reflexión, cuestionamiento y de ensayos críticos durante la época coyuntural del gobierno de Leguía (1919-1930) por la Instituciones universitarias y de educación media de la época, sobre el desarrollo, proyección, visión conmemorativa ante la ciudadanía cusqueña; aasimismo, se analiza los cuestionamientos, expresiones testimoniales el imaginario de los jóvenes intelectuales de educación media del Colegio de Ciencias y Educandas y la Universidad del Cusco, quienes empleaearon como canal de sus reflexiones la revista universitaria, revista cienciana y periódicos locales de la época como El Diario, El Comercio y El Sol del Cusco.
La idea fundamental del presente ensayo es exponer la construcción de ideas, el imaginario de un grupo de jóvenes intelectuales de educación secundaria y superior, que plasmaron en la revista Ciencias y la rrevista uuniversitaria, así como en publicaciones periódicas sobre el devenir, la gesta conmemorativas, el cuestionamiento de la Independencia, la repulsión de los estudiantes por la catastrófica situación de la derrota de la guerra del pacifico de 1879 por la pérdida de territorios de Tacna y Tarapacá; aasimismo, el compromiso y prospección de una nueva generación comprometida con el futuro centenario con motivo de la coyuntura conmemorativa al igual que nos convoca en la actualidad al 2024.
Pectoralis Major Muscle Belly Rupture: A Narrative Review
Authors: Oliva Francesco , Cuozzo Francesco , De Cesare Valeria , Sammaria Giuliano , Danieli Roberta , Maffulli Nicola
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Tears of the pectoralis major (PM) rupture are uncommon and are associated with sport. Early diagnosis is essential to obtain a satisfactory functional outcome. Ruptures can be full or partial and can present as acute or chronic injuries. Most commonly, ruptures are located at the level of the humeral insertion of the PM, followed by ruptures at the musculotendinous junction. Muscle belly ruptures are rare.
Methods: We review the literature, and we add our personal case about a 53-year-old male bodybuilder with an intramuscular rupture of the PM managed conservatively.
Results: The management of pectoralis muscle belly rupture should be discussed on a case-by-case basis, according to the patient, and their functional demands and expectations. The fact that these injuries are at best uncommon makes it difficult
to plan and execute randomised controlled trials to gain level I evidence for their management.
Conclusions: Intramuscular tears of the pectoralis major are rare and the best treatment for these injuries remains unclear.
Deaflympic Games 2017 vs. Olympic Games 2016 - male swimming competition, analysis of the age, reaction time, speed and final time
Authors: Szulc Adam Michał , Sandurska Elżbieta
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aim was to analyze the swimming performance of the world's best deaf male swimmers at the Deaflympic Games (2017) and male hearing swimmers at the Olympic Games (2016).
Methods: To analysis at Deaflympic competition the results of 8 the best finalists in all strokes and distances were used (n=128 records). Olympic participants (n=312) were divided into two groups (a) 8 the best finalists in all swimming strokes and distances (b) outsiders – last 16 places (records) from the participation’s lists were used to compare. The age, start reaction time, average speed swimming and finish time of race in all strokes and distances were compared. The comparison of starting variables was made using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test or, alternatively, the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found for age and start reaction time. Differences between deaf and best hearing swimmers were found for average speed swimming and final race time (all P< .001, except freestyle at the distance
50 m (P= .264)). Comparing deaf and last 16 places hearing swimmers’ significant values was found for: freestyle at distance 50 m and 1500 m (P= .009, P= .017), breaststroke at distance 100 m and 200 m (P= .038; P= .009), butterfly at 200 m (P=.006), individual medley at distance 200 m and 400 m (P= .011, P= .004).
Conclusions: The results achieved by the best deaf swimmers placed them rather at the same level with the group of hearing swimmers with the worst times than with the group of hearing leaders. The results obtained by deaf swimmers confirm the necessity of separating competitions for deaf and hearing people due to health and organizational limitations. Include Deaf swimmers in hearing sports, they could reach the level of hearing swimmers. The analyses performed may be helpful in the training process and in setting sports goals.
Boosting Strength and Awareness: Effects of Resistance Training on Adolescents’ Perceptions and Progress. A Pilot study
Authors: Ceruso Rosario , Giardullo Giuseppe , Di Lascio Giuseppe , Raiola Gaetano
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the connection between the impact of the physical effects of a training protocol for the development of resistance strength on adolescents' perceptions, opinions and awareness.
Methods: A sample of 12 subjects aged 10-12 years, all male, took part in the present study. The procedure is the administration of the Broad Jump Test before and after the strength versus endurance development training protocol, with subsequent
administration of a questionnaire consisting of 2 items: the first on perceptions and opinions, the second on awareness. To analyse the data, the student’s t-test for dependent samples, descriptive statistics, the Chi Square Test (X2) and Pearson's
correlation were used. Results: 9.86% increase in strength was observed (P= .0016). Regarding perceptions, 66.7% of participants felt more energized after the training, correlating with greater awareness of their abilities and progress (P= .028). Additionally, 83.3% found the protocol stimulating, linked to improved recognition of bodily responses (P= .020). Among those who felt fit (91.7%), a deeper understanding of body responses emerged (P< .001). Lastly, 83.3% who noted increased energy showed
heightened sensitivity to action outcomes (P= .028).
Conclusions: The results suggest a close connection between strength development and the positive impact on individual perceptions and awareness, indicating that resistance training protocols not only promote physical adaptations, but also
foster awareness of the connections between improvement and benefit.
Physiological and sanitary quality of maize seeds treated with cambuci [Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg) landrum] extract
Authors: De Andrade Tronco Vitória , De Andrade Tronco Isadora , De Souza Gallo Anderson , Forti Victor Augusto
Published: January 2025

The control of phytopathogens using plant extracts has been identified as an alternative to organic agriculture, which excludes the use of toxic and synthetic substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the sanitary and physiological potential of organic maize seeds treated with cambuci extract (Campomanesia phaea). Two plant extracts were tested, obtained from different tissues of the C. phaea species (fruit peel and leaf, fresh and dry), in the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 1000 %. The content of total phenolic compounds was found to be higher in the leaf extract (at 100 % concentration was 409.7 % higher in the leaf compared to the peel), particularly when prepared with fresh tissue. The dry peel extract was observed to increase the percentage and speed index of maize seed germination, without, affecting the biometric variables of the seedlings. Extracts from fresh cambuci leaves demonstrated a reduction in the percentage of fungi of the genus Fusarium. However, at a concentration of 50%, a phytotoxic effect of this extract on maize seeds was observed, which resulted in a reduction in germination and the length and dry mass of the seedlings. Our findings suggest that cambuci extract represents a promising strategy in the ecologically correct treatment of organic maize seeds, provided if it is applied at the appropriate concentration.
Undergraduate Students’ Understanding of Public Speaking Anxiety in English Language Classroom
Authors: Priya Pushpa
Published: January 2025

This study explored the undergraduate students’ experiences and perceptions on public speaking in English language classroom. Public speaking competence is demonstrated not only in academic setting but also in professional endeavors. Many students seem nervous and highly stressed while delivering oral presentation in front of the class. In this context, the paper attempted to answer the factors affecting public speaking from the perspectives of undergraduate students.  I adopted qualitative research approach to collect the data through the lens of interpretive paradigm under narrative inquiry. Four research participants were purposively selected from two different private colleges of Kathmandu valley.  I collected data through   semi-structured interview. To support my research study, I use Vygotsky’s social cultural theory. Findings revealed that the main causes behind public speaking anxiety in English language classroom are fear of being judged, mistakes, self-body image, physical appearance, communication apprehension and non-conducive teaching and learning environment. Undergraduate students are positive towards public speaking realizing its huge importance, but they lack a conducive learning environment to practice and enhance it. This study offers insights to teachers, students, public speaking experts, policymakers, and curriculum designers about public speaking anxiety and its coping strategies. Overall, the study may add knowledge to the ELT community regarding the causes of public speaking anxiety from the perspectives of undergraduate students.
Molecular docking of triterpene glycoside compounds (cucurbitane, charantin and momordicin) in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruit as anti-diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Cristiannanda Daniel , Hati Dinda Mutiara , Hafid Gina Mutia , Anggini Joya Talitha , Setiawati Luh Gede Elen , Putri Mutiara , Chandra Nabella Oktaviana , Auli Winni Nur Auli , Saputro Anjar Hermadi
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of all diabetes cases and remains a significant global health challenge. Current pharmacological treatments often have limited efficacy and adverse side effects, necessitating the exploration of safer, more effective antidiabetic agents. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is a medicinal plant known for its hypoglycemic properties, attributed to bioactive compounds such as cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides, charantin, and momordicin. This study evaluated the potential of cucurbitane, charantin, and momordicin as antidiabetic agents for T2DM using molecular docking simulations. The crystal structure of aldose reductase (PDB ID 2HV5) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, and AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 was used for docking studies. The binding affinities and interaction patterns of the test compounds were compared with zopolrestat, a standard ligand. Cucurbitane exhibited the lowest binding free energy (-11.70 kcal/mol), indicating the strongest interaction with the 2HV5 protein. All compounds demonstrated similarities in their interactions with key amino acid residues, suggesting comparable biological activity. These findings highlight cucurbitane’s potential as a lead compound for developing more effective antidiabetic therapies for T2DM.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Nutrition Intervention for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wolfe Kayon , Kantaris Marios
Published: January 2025

In North America, the rate of malnutrition among older people is increasing, especially in care facilities. This is mainly associated with increased mortality rates, prolonged hospitalization, and other health problems. Despite the potential benefits of nutritional interventions, there are knowledge gaps in the implementation of nutritional interventions in care homes. A scoping review was conducted to identify the factors and barriers to implementing nutrition interventions for older adults who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and living in nursing homes. The review included information on adults aged 60 and over and nursing home staff but excluded hospitals and community settings. A search of four electronic databases yielded 16.290 citations, of which 25 studies were eligible for the review. Seventeen themes emerged, which were categorized into six main domains: Organization, staff, intervention, environment, residents, and support. Barriers identified included inadequate education and training, staff turnover, and inconsistent nutritional care. Potential facilitators included training, support strategies, the presence of family or volunteers, consistency, and a focus on specific eating difficulties.
The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Psychological Distress in Older Adults During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akkaya Kozak Deniz , Ozgun Basibuyuk Gulusan
Published: January 2025

In this research, it was aimed to determine the relationship between social isolation and the level of psychological distress of participants during the COVID-19. Data were collected using a questionnaire technique, and a total of 400 individuals participated in the research. Sta-tistical analysis and data evaluation were performed with the SPSS 23 program. Due to the so-cial isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Türkiye, it was determined that the lives of in-dividuals over 60 were affected, and there was a significant relationship between this situation and the psychological distress levels of individuals. Multidisciplinary teams need to intervene to provide the psycho-social support needed by older adults who have been exposed to social isolation during the pandemic.