bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrolevel factors encouraging bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship: The case of religion and state in Israel
Authors: Golan‐Nadir Niva
Published: September 2023

How do external macrolevel factors encourage bureaucrats to become policy entrepreneurs? And what are their organizational goals in pursuing entrepreneurship? Contrary to traditional public choice literature on bureaucracy that sees the latter as change‐resistant, this study stresses that bureaucracies can and do change; they are not as insulated from reformist pressure. In this study, we lay the conditions under which change occurs, making bureaucrats—policy entrepreneurs. We argue that: (1) bureaucratic inefficiency, leading to (2) societal pressure as expressed by public opinion, and consequently to (3) pressure from potential new providers offering bottom‐up competition, will encourage bureaucrats to turn to policy entrepreneurship strategies. In addition, we assert that their goals in doing so are to modify and design efficient services, while protecting their monopoly on service provision. We test these claims by analyzing the state‐religion dynamics in Israel, and specifically the case of the 2021 kosher food inspection reform.
GCNInformer: A combined deep learning model based on GCN and Informer for wind power forecasting
Authors: Wang Hai‐Kun , Li Danyang , Chen Feng , Du Jiahui , Song Ke
Published: September 2023

Wind power energy is green, clean, and renewable, which is random and volatile. The integration of unstable wind energy severely threatens the security and constant operation of the power system. The need to enhance the reliability of wind power grid integration, mitigate the impact of wind power uncertainty, and develop a robust prediction model has become a pressing issue. However, only some people have considered the correlations among the power of multiple adjacent wind turbine arrays. In this paper, we propose GCNInformer to construct these relationships. Furthermore, we analyze the relationships among multiple features of individual wind turbines. GCNInformer is composed of two main components. The first component employs a graph convolutional network (GCN) to establish relationships among multiple wind turbine arrays, enhancing the correlation of the data. The second part employs Informer to extract the time information from the data and predict long‐term sequences. For training and testing, GCNInformer utilizes two data sets: Data_CQ and Data_DL. The evaluation of the model's performance is conducted using various metrics such as mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean square error. Numerous experimental findings have validated the effectiveness of the GCNInformer.
Numerical investigation of the in situ gas explosion fracturing and the enhancement of the penetration in coal seam boreholes
Authors: Qiao Yonggang , Zhang Zeyu , Yuan Danping , Li Lianghong , Zhao Jindian
Published: September 2023

Permeability enhancement of low permeability coal seams is a key tool in coal mine gas extraction and utilization. Numerical investigations are used to analyze the geometric parameters of the drilled gas cavity and the effect of initial pressure on explosion parameters to explore the potential of original gas blasting in enhancing crack penetration in coal seams. On the basis of these analyses, the changes in characteristic parameters of the coal body under blasting pressure are examined. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure tends to be close to the theoretical explosion maximum when the L/Φ is 1.67–2.5, and the mechanical effect of the explosion pressure and surge velocity on the wall reaches the optimum in the experimental group when the L/Φ is 1.67. The initial pressure and the maximum explosion pressure demonstrate a linear positive correlation, and increasing the former can effectively enhance the force applied to the hole wall. During the gas explosion pressurization stage, the cracking range of coal under pressure is 0.05 m, but the duration of peak pressure can extend the range of cracking. The combined effect of the stress and pressure fields causes elastic energy storage in the coal body to fail in the radial region of the hole wall, but regains elastic energy storage as the pressure increases. The effect of fracturing on the radial coal seam permeability of the borehole wall before and after the fracturing effect is expanded by 19.6 times, proving that in situ gas explosion in boreholes can effectively improve the gas seepage characteristics of coal seams and increase the gas recovery rate. The simulations indicate that the application of in situ gas explosion fracturing and permeation technology is limited by the increase in maximum explosion pressure and the cumulative effect time of the peak pressure. This provides a theoretical basis for understanding the constraints of gas explosion fracturing and permeation technology.
Exploring electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to identify and quantify degradation in commercial solid oxide electrolysis stacks
Authors: Drasbæk Daniel B. , Blennow Peter , Heiredal‐Clausen Thomas , Rass‐Hansen Jeppe , Perin Giovanni , Høgh Jens V. T. , Hauch Anne
Published: September 2023

In this work, we present a case where electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on stack level enabled the identification of degradation and failure mechanisms in a 75‐cell solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stack from Topsoe. In a blind test, a defective stack (stack not passing the quality control specifications) prone to degradation was investigated with EIS. The type of stack defects was not known a priori. The purpose of the stack EIS experiment was hence to serve as a proof‐of‐concept of using EIS on the stack level for identifying degradation mechanisms. An appropriate equivalent circuit model was applied and fitted to the experimentally obtained EIS data, which enabled the quantification of the different electrochemical contributions. We hereby identified which electrochemical contribution(s) to the overall stack resistance caused the stack to degrade. Furthermore, the data was plotted in a degradation space format, which further strengthened the identification of the cause of degradation. In this work, we are exploring and utilizing the potential of advanced EIS characterization and analysis; thereby successfully identifying some of the degradation and failure mechanisms taking place in the SOEC stack. This detailed type of degradation analysis has, to the best of my knowledge, not previously reported on the commercial stack level.
Effects of lithium on serum Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer’s patients with agitation
Authors: Deliyannides Deborah A. , Graff Jamie A. , Niño Izael , Lee Seonjoo , Husain Mustafa M. , Forester Brent P. , Crocco Elizabeth , Vahia Ipsit V. , Devanand Davangere P.
Published: September 2023

Background

There is ample evidence in animal models that lithium increases Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) with supporting evidence in human studies. Little is known, however, about the effects of lithium on BDNF in Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). In one study of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, serum BDNF increased after treatment with lithium. These patients also showed mild improvement in cognitive function.

Objectives

To evaluate low‐dose lithium treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method

We measured levels of BDNF in patients treated with lithium prior to and after a 12‐week randomized placebo‐controlled trial.

Results

BDNF levels did not change significantly and were not associated with improvement in overall neuropsychiatric symptoms or in cognitive function.

Conclusions

More research is needed to understand the potential effects of lithium on BDNF in AD including whether its use might be dependent on the stage of cognitive decline and dementia.
Prognostic significance of the CFA ratio for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Sakuma Takayuki , Fujisawa Shin , Tanaka Masatsugu , Hagihara Maki , Fujita Hiroyuki , Fujimaki Katsumichi , Katsuki Kengo , Akimoto Masahiro , Tanaka Marika , Matsumura Ayako , Teshigawara Haruka , Suzuki Taisei , Teranaka Hiroshi , Nakajima Yuki , Miyazaki Takuya , Tachibana Takayoshi , Matsumoto Kenji , Sakai Rika , Kanamori Heiwa , Nakajima Hideaki
Published: September 2023

The CFA ratio, calculated using pretreatment C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and albumin levels (CRP × fibrinogen/albumin), was previously reported to be a significant prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the prognostic value of the CFA ratio in 328 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML from April 2000 to March 2018. The median age was 49.5 years (range, 15–75 years), and 60.7% of the population were males. According to the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk classification, 67 patients (20.4%) were in the favorable‐risk group, 197 patients (60.1%) in the intermediate‐risk group, and 58 patients (17.7%) in the adverse‐risk group. The median CFA ratio was 1.07 (0–67.69). Based on the calculated cutoff CFA ratio of 1.44, the cohort included 176 and 152 patients with low and high CFA ratios, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 91.2 months, the 7‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 51.2% and 48.6%, respectively, in the overall cohort. The 7‐year OS rates were 61.7% and 39.0% in the low and high CFA ratio groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The 7‐year DFS rates were 58.1% and 37.0% in the low and high CFA ratio groups, respectively (p = 0.004). In univariate analysis, age ≥50 years, male sex, ELN risk class, and comorbidities were associated with poor OS. Age, ELN risk class, comorbidities, and high CFA ratio were associated with poor OS in multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed that the CFA ratio was significant in the intermediate and adverse ELN risk classes. These findings indicate the prognostic significance of the CFA ratio in AML.
Exploring causes of neonatal mortality in south east of Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Amini Elham , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Sohbati Samira , Behseresht Maryam , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza
Published: September 2023

Aim

Neonatal mortality (NM) is a significant global challenge that has a profound impact on families, particularly mothers. To address this challenge, the first step is to identify its underlying causes. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the phenomenon by consulting with stakeholders, including mothers and experts.

Study Design

This study utilized a qualitative design, conducting in‐depth interviews with 16 mothers and 15 healthcare experts to gather information. A conventional content analysis approach was employed to analyze the data.

Results

NM is influenced by personal, systemic, and socioeconomic factors. Personal factors can be further divided into those related to the neonate and those related to the mother. Systemic factors are primarily related to the healthcare system, while socioeconomic factors include low literacy, low income, lack of access to healthcare, and consanguineous marriage.

Conclusion

NM is influenced by a wide range of factors that require separate and targeted interventions to reduce its incidence. In the short term, priority should be given to preventable factors that can be addressed through simple interventions, such as screening mothers for urinary tract infections, educating mothers, and preparing them for pregnancy with necessary lab tests and supplements. In the long term, preventing premature birth, addressing maternal addiction, family poverty, and shortages in healthcare equipment and personnel must be thoroughly addressed.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the differential diagnosis between uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Neola Daniele , Travaglino Antonio , Giorgi Matteo , Lazzeri Lucia , De Laurentiis Francesco , Carravetta Carlo , Zupi Errico , Seracchioli Renato , Casadio Paolo , Guida Maurizio
Published: September 2023

Background

Differential diagnosis between uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas is challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the second‐line diagnostic method after ultrasound for the assessment of uterine masses.

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of MRI in the differential diagnosis between uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas.

Search Strategy

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed searching five electronic databases from their inception to June 2023.

Selection Criteria

All peer‐reviewed observational or randomized clinical trials that reported an unbiased postoperative histologic diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma or uterine sarcoma, which also comprehended a preoperative MRI evaluation of the uterine mass.

Data Collection and Analysis

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve on summary receiver operating characteristic of MRI in differentiating uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas were calculated as individual and pooled estimates, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Eight studies with 2495 women (2253 with uterine leiomyomas and 179 with uterine sarcomas), were included. MRI showed pooled sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.94), specificity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.96–0.97), positive likelihood ratio of 13.55 (95% CI 6.20–29.61), negative likelihood ratio of 0.08 (95% CI 0.02–0.32), diagnostic odds ratio of 175.13 (95% CI 46.53–659.09), and area under the curve of 0.9759.

Conclusions

MRI has a high diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis between uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas.
An automatic measurement method for ankle key angles based on point cloud segmentation network
Authors: Chang Cheng , Sun Hao , Guo Xin , Sun Zhenhui , Wu Mengkun , Yin Minghuan , An Baichuan , Zhuang Chao
Published: September 2023

In clinical practice, anterior distal tibialangle (ADTA) and lateral distal tibialangle (LDTA) are important evaluation indexes, which can reflect the degree of deformity and determine the type of deformity to a certain extent. The measurement process of these parameters involves the localization of multiple key regions. To simplify the process of measuring ADTA and LDTA, an automatic measurement method is proposed. First, this study constructs an ankle 3D point cloud dataset by 3D reconstruction of ankle electron computed tomography (CT) data, and then, an ankle point cloud segmentation network with a Self‐Attention mechanism and kernel point convolution combined with each other is constructed, and the ankle point cloud data with labels are input to this network to predict the ankle bone feature points. Finally, the segmented feature points are fitted, and the tibial backbone axis and distal tibial articular surface can be drawn, and based on the fitting results, ADTA and LDTA are obtained. Compared with manual measurements by physicians, the proposed method in this study achieved an average error of 0.46° with a passing rate of 97.7% for ADTA measurement. For LDTA measurement, the average error was 0.69° with a passing rate of 98%. The ankle joint key angle measurement system developed in this study meets the accuracy requirements of orthopedics and significantly reduces the workload for doctors.
Fast autofocusing of recorded planes by salient feature region for coherent diffraction imaging
Authors: Zhou Xuyang , Li Ziyang , Qiao Ziling , Wang Yiran , Huang Guancheng , Chi Dazhao , Li Xiaomei , Liu Shutian , Liu Zhengjun
Published: September 2023

In multi‐distance coherent diffraction imaging, the task of distance calculation for multi‐diffraction images is cumbersome. The information features are hard‐to‐extract and the region of interest extraction algorithms are difficult to be adopted. A universal salient feature region selection algorithm by using the area with the highest density of corners is proposed to extract the most representative feature region. In addition, equally spaced recording modes and mismatched diffraction distances will result in system noise and destroy image quality. The polydirectional maximum gradient is offered as a sharpness criterion to weigh a quantitative feature for the final pattern. A fast, sensitive, and high‐accuracy autofocusing and sample reconstruction can be achieved using only a small number of images while ensuring that morphological properties and quantification of the reconstructions are not compromised. The proposed method is promising for biological and medical dynamic observations for computational imaging systems.
Performing well but not appreciating it – A trait feature of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hjerresen Tine Schuppli , Bentz Mette , Nejad Ayna Baladi , Raffin Estelle , Andersen Kasper Winther , Hulme Oliver James , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Plessen Kerstin Jessica
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite advances in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), a large subgroup of individuals does not profit optimally from treatment. Perfectionism has been found to be a risk factor predicting the onset, severity, and duration of AN episodes. To date, perfectionism has been studied predominantly by the use of self‐report questionnaires, a useful approach that may, however, be impacted by demand characteristics, or other distortions of introspective or metacognitive access.

Methods

Here we circumvent these problems via a behavioral paradigm in which participants perform a modified Go/NoGo task, whilst self‐evaluating their performance. We compared a group of 33 adolescent females during their first episode of AN (age = 16.0) with 29 female controls (age = 16.2), and 23 adolescent girls recovered from AN (age = 18.3) with 23 female controls (age = 18.5). The controls were closely matched by intelligence quotient and age to the two clinical groups.

Results

First‐episode AN and control participants performed equally well on the task (reaction time and errors of commission), whereas the recovered group displayed significantly faster reaction times but incurred the same error rate. Despite performing at least as good as and predominantly better than control groups, both clinical groups evaluated their performances more negatively than controls.

Conclusion

We offer a novel behavioral method for measuring perfectionism independent of self‐report, and we provide tentative evidence that this behavioral manifestation of perfectionism is evident during first‐episode AN and persists even after recovery.
Interfacial adaptation of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS and MTA in root‐end cavities: A micro‐CT study
Authors: dos Santos Murilo Mancio , Só Gabriel Barcelos , Siocheta Giovana , Jahnke Leonardo Thomasi , Krabbe Wesley Misael , Pinheiro Lucas Siqueira , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis , da Rosa Ricardo Abreu
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study aimed to use the micro‐computed tomography to evaluate the interfacial adaptation and the presence of gaps of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA in the root‐end cavities.

Methodology

Thirty standardized bovine roots measuring 15 mm in length were selected. Chemical–mechanical preparation was performed up to instrument #80 and obturation with the cold lateral compaction technique with cement based on zinc oxide and eugenol. The roots were kept at 37°C for 7 days. Afterward, apicectomy of the apical 3 mm and a root‐end filling cavity was performed at 3 mm depth. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was performed to measure the volume of the retroactivity. The roots were divided by stratified randomization into three groups according to the retro‐end filling material: NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA. A new micro‐CT was performed to assess the presence of voids in the root‐end filling material and between it and the canal wall. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed using the BioEstat 4.0 program.

Results

There was no difference in the initial volume values of the root‐end cavities (p > .05). After the insertion of root‐end filling materials, the most significant volumes of voids were observed in the NeoMTA Plus group (p < .05), with no difference for the BioRoot RCS and MTA Angelus groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

Micro‐computed tomography showed that MTA and BioRoot RCS have better interfacial adaptation and presented fewer number of gaps than NeoMTA Plus when used as root‐end filling materials.

Research Highlights

Micro‐computed tomography evaluation of different root‐end fillings materials.
Identification of secretory pathway‐related genes based on Random Forest algorithm to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zanzhi , Shi Pengwei , Huang Peng , Xu Chun , He Yaoquan , Lei Wenxiong
Published: September 2023

Background

The dysfunction of secretory pathways may represent biomarkers or therapeutic targets of cancer. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) phenotype was studied in relation to the genes in the secretory pathway and to screen for a combination of genes that may be a viable therapeutic target for HCC and connected to the pathophysiological features of the tumor.

Methods

Using the HCC information from The Cancer Genome Atlas, somatic mutation and prognostic association analysis were performed on the secretory pathway genes. Based on prognostic genes in the secretory pathway, the samples were consensus clustered, and a Random Forest model was built. The clinical characteristics, tumor mutation burden, functional status and potential responses to immunotherapy and tumor suppressor medications of various subtypes and risk groups were discussed.

Results

Of the 84 genes for secretory pathway, 32 were prognostic genes related to HCC, which divided HCC into two categories: C1 and C2. By comparing the two types of HCC samples, it was found that the survival outcome of C1 was inferior, with stronger adaptive and innate immunity, but less sensitive to immunotherapy than C2. The constructed prognostic signature included seven of the 32 prognostic genes in the secretory pathway, which showed significant correlation with the prognosis, somatic mutation, biological pathway status, potential response to immunotherapy and sensitivity of 72 tumor suppressor drugs from different HCC cohorts, and had a feasible prognostic effect for 31 types of cancer and immunotherapy cohorts.

Conclusions

In this study, HCC was divided into two molecular subtypes according to prognostic genes in the secretory pathway, and seven of them were combined into one signature, which produced significant results in evaluating the prognosis of different HCC cohorts, pan‐cancer cohorts and immunotherapy cohorts, and had potential guiding significance for prophylactic immunotherapy in patients with HCC.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Pediatric direct hospital admission
Authors: Nassetta Lauren B. , Marlin Brittany , Scalici Paul
Published: September 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE: Direct Admission to the Hospital for Children in the United States

RELEASE DATE: March 3, 2023

PRIOR VERSION(S): n/a

DEVELOPER: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Hospital Care

FUNDING SOURCE: American Academy of Pediatrics

TARGET POPULATION: Children who are potential candidates for direct hospital admission
Association of seizure with COVID‐19 vaccines in persons with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rafati Ali , Jameie Melika , Amanollahi Mobina , Jameie Mana , Pasebani Yeganeh , Sakhaei Delaram , Ilkhani Saba , Rashedi Sina , Pasebani Mohammad Yazdan , Azadi Mohammadreza , Rahimlou Mehran , Kwon Churl‐Su
Published: September 2023

Seizure aggravation following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines is a major cause behind vaccine hesitancy among persons with epilepsy (PwE), resulting in lower immunization rates. We systematically reviewed seizure‐activity‐related events in PwE following COVID‐19 vaccination. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, until January 31, 2023, and included articles reporting seizure activity‐related events in PwE receiving COVID‐19 vaccination. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses were followed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022312475). Outcomes included pooled incidence proportions of (a) increased seizure frequency, (b) status epilepticus (SE), and (c) change in seizure type. Of the 2207 studies, 16 entered the meta‐analysis. The pooled incidence proportion of increased seizure frequency (16 studies‐3245 PwE) was 5% (95% CI: 3%−7%, I2 = 52%). Regarding increased seizure frequency, no significant difference was observed between mRNA and viral vector (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.49−2.52, I2 = 0%), and between mRNA and inactivated virus (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.27−9.37; I2 = 0%). The pooled incidence proportion of SE (15 studies‐2387 PwE) was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.02%−0.33%, I2 = 0%). Ultimately, the pooled incidence proportion of change in seizure type (7 studies‐1172 PwE) was 1% (95% CI: 1%−2%, I2 = 0%). The meta‐analysis revealed post‐COVID‐19‐vaccination increased seizure frequency in 5% of PwE, with no difference between mRNA and viral vector or inactivated virus vaccines. Furthermore, we found 0.08% and 1% incidence proportions for postvaccination SE and change in seizure type, respectively. While noteworthy, these values are far less than reports for COVID‐19 infection, emphasizing vaccination importance in preventing COVID‐19 consequences in PwE.
Atypical brain structure and function in young adults exposed to disaster‐related prenatal maternal stress: Project Ice Storm
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Qureshi Muhammad Naveed Iqbal , Laplante David P. , Elgbeili Guillaume , Jones Sherri Lee , Long Xiangyu , Paquin Vincent , Bezgin Gleb , Lussier Firoza , King Suzanne , Rosa‐Neto Pedro
Published: September 2023

Studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) affects brain structure and function in childhood. However, less research has examined whether PNMS effects on brain structure and function extend to young adulthood. We recruited women who were pregnant during or within 3 months following the 1998 Quebec ice storm, assessed their PNMS, and prospectively followed‐up their children. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting‐state functional MRI were obtained from 19‐year‐old young adults with (n = 39) and without (n = 65) prenatal exposure to the ice storm. We examined between‐group differences in gray matter volume (GMV), surface area (SA), and cortical thickness (CT). We used the brain regions showing between‐group GMV differences as seeds to compare between‐group functional connectivity. Within the Ice Storm group, we examined (1) associations between PNMS and the atypical GMV, SA, CT, and functional connectivity, and (2) moderation by timing of exposure. Primarily, we found that, compared to Controls, the Ice Storm youth had larger GMV and higher functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, the precuneus, the left occipital pole, and the right hippocampus; they also had larger CT, but not SA, of the left occipital pole. Within the Ice Storm group, maternal subjective distress during preconception and mid‐to‐late pregnancy was associated with atypical left occipital pole CT. These results suggest the long‐lasting impact of disaster‐related PNMS on child brain structure and functional connectivity. Our study also indicates timing‐specific effects of the subjective aspect of PNMS on occipital thickness.
Four typical pulmonary venous pressure curves displaying the level of occlusion during atrial fibrillation ablation by cryoballoon
Authors: Milhem Antoine , Allix‐Béguec Caroline , Laurençon Virginie , Treguer Frédéric , Cesari Olivier
Published: September 2023

Background

Cryoballoon ablation is safe and effective for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with symptomatic drug‐refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. To monitor adhesion between the balloon and the pulmonary vein, an alternative technique to pulmonary venography is to analyze changes in the pressure curve.

Methods

We have described the adhesion level characterized by four types of pressure waveforms.

Results

These correlated with the extent of contrast agent leakage (Cohen's kappa of 0.81 [IC 95%: 0.63–0.99]).

Conclusion

Monitoring the venous pressure curve is easy to perform and has the advantage of being able to detect balloon movement during the first few seconds of treatment.
Association between dextrose‐containing maintenance fluids and phosphorus supplementation during total parenteral nutrition initiation in adult patients who were hospitalized: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Crider Anna , Gillis Christine , Daniels Lauren , Stern Gretchen
Published: September 2023

Background

Use of dextrose‐containing maintenance fluids prior to parenteral nutrition (PN) initiation is speculated to reduce the risk for refeeding syndrome. We aimed to assess if the use of dextrose vs nondextrose maintenance fluids before PN initiation changes electrolyte supplementation requirements and shifts during initiation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients who received nothing by mouth but received maintenance fluids ≥72 h before PN. The major end point was phosphorus supplementation over 48 h following nutrition initiation. Minor end point included other electrolyte supplementation, changes in electrolyte levels, time to discharge, and goal kilocalories per day.

Results

Fifty‐three patients between August 1, 2019, and August 26, 2020, met criteria for analysis; 60% (n = 32) used a dextrose and 40% (n = 21) used a nondextrose maintenance fluid. Baseline characteristics were similar between fluid groups except for body mass index (25.1 dextrose vs 27.5 kg/m2 nondextrose), sex (43.8% female vs 52.4% male), and severe malnutrition (46.9% vs 28.6%), respectively. Phosphorus (52.5 vs 50 mmol; P = 0.33) and magnesium (24 vs 22 g; P = 0.63) supplementation 48 h following nutrition initiation were similar between groups; however, potassium supplementation was lower in the dextrose group (165.0 vs 208.7 mEq; P = 0.01). No difference was observed between groups for time to discharge following nutrition initiation or time to goal kilocalories per day. After controlling for patients who were malnourished between fluid groups using linear regression, phosphorus repletion differences remained nonsignificant.

Conclusion

This study did not detect a difference in phosphorus supplementation between groups, even after controlling for patients who were malnourished.
Hydrogen production through aluminium corrosion in a cement‐based matrix
Authors: Bulidon Nicolas , Pelissier Krystel , Boissy Clément , Mendibide Christophe , Maillot Valérie , Bourbon Xavier , Crusset Didier
Published: September 2023

In France, deep geological disposal is considered for the storage of high and intermediate‐level long‐lived radioactive wastes. For aluminium, the possibility to encapsulate the wastes in a cement‐based matrix is studied. However, cement being an alkaline environment, aluminium can lose its passivity, starts to corrode leading to hydrogen evolution in the infrastructures and generate a possible explosive hazard after decades of storage if hydrogen can accumulate somewhere in the facility. It is therefore necessary to study the corrosion behaviour of aluminium in the different cements considered for the encapsulation to estimate the possible amount of hydrogen that could be generated through corrosion and design the cement capsules accordingly. This work mainly focused on the reaction occurring at the aluminium‐cement interface. Raman spectroscopy did not highlight significant differences in the nature of the corrosion products forming at the cement/aluminium interface, leading to the conclusion that it is not the chemistry of the cement that is the key factor controlling the corrosion rate but rather the physical properties of the cement matrix.
Root causes for corrosion on painted steel structures in marine environments
Authors: Knudsen Ole Ø. , Hagen Catalina H. M. , Skilbred Anders W. B. , Bruaas Tarjei K. , Nærland Jarand
Published: September 2023

Our understanding of the failure mechanisms of coatings, for example, cathodic disbonding, corrosion creep, blistering, and cracking, have been developed to a high level over the past decades. However, knowing what actually causes coatings to fail in the field is also important. Several atmospheric field tests of coating with duration 2–9 years have been published, showing that epoxy‐based heavy‐duty protective coating systems with zinc‐rich primers have high resistance against corrosion creep from damages in the coating. Despite this, scribe creep corrosion has become the most important evaluation parameter in standardized testing. In this work, inspection pictures from an offshore oil and gas platform, a ballast water tank system, and two coastal road bridges have been analyzed with respect to the root cause for initiation of corrosion on coated steel. The results show that corrosion mainly initiates at edges and welds. Between 50% and 90% of the corrosion attacks could be attributed to this, depending on the type of structure. The paint failed due to low film thickness, that is, the wet paint retracts from sharp edges in the surface so that the cured film has reduced barrier properties.
CRYPTO‐MANIA: How fear‐of‐missing‐out drives consumers’ (risky) investment decisions
Authors: Friederich Felix , Meyer Jan‐Hinrich , Matute Jorge , Palau‐Saumell Ramon
Published: September 2023

The cryptocurrencies (cryptos) market has undergone rapid development in the last years. Although this market is highly volatile and has frequently crashed, consumers show continued interest as well as widespread possession of such assets. Therefore, this research explores the mechanisms underlying consumers’ engagement in crypto trading. The results of five studies including eight experiments reveal that externally evoked fear‐of‐missing‐out (FOMO) appeals influence consumers’ investment decisions and that this effect is mediated by affective processes and moderated by impulsivity. The results further demonstrate that FOMO appeals lead consumers to repeated investment decisions, even if prior losses have been incurred. Finally, the findings suggest that the effects of FOMO can be mitigated via communication strategies (i.e., fear messages). The results provide notable implications for academics and policymakers concerned with consumers’ crypto engagement.
Development of high‐throughput wet‐chemical synthesis techniques for material research
Authors: Chen Zhuyang , Lu Dongdong , Cao Jinwei , Zhao Fu , Feng Guang , Xu Chen , Deng Yonghong , Xiang X.‐D.
Published: September 2023

Combining material big data with artificial intelligence constitutes the fourth paradigm of material research. However, the sluggish development of high‐throughput (HT) experimentation has resulted in a lack of experimentally verified and validated material data, which has become the bottleneck of data‐driven material research. Wet‐chemical synthesis has the benefits of low equipment cost and scalability, but traditional wet‐chemical techniques are time‐consuming and ineffective at disclosing the interrelationships between synthesis, compositions, structures, and performance. Constructing a HT workflow in wet‐chemical synthesis is crucial to achieving the preparation of multidimensional materials and establishing the composition–structure–synthesis–performance relationships of functional materials for diverse applications. In this review, the most recent development in HT wet‐chemical synthesis techniques for material research are analyzed in depth. Additionally, the application of HT wet‐chemical synthesis in the fabrication of advanced hydrogels and catalysts is demonstrated through illustrative instances. Finally, this review suggests possible paths for enhancing the efficiency of HT experimentation and data acquisition in order to facilitate more effective material discovery.
Large companies continue to see jump in mental health needs of workforce
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2023

A newly released survey from the Business Group on Health suggests that a growing number of large employers are observing and responding to significant mental health needs among the members of their workforce.
U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals reconsiders parts of Wit v. UBH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2023

In a new development regarding a years‐long groundbreaking case, a three‐judge panel of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has reconsidered portions of earlier findings by a District Court in Wit v. United Behavioral Health (UBH). The new decision offers some hope that individuals who were represented in the case, and in need of mental health and addiction care, will get the help they need.
Reconstruction and stability analysis of potential appearing in time‐fractional subdiffusion
Authors: Kahlaoui Hamza , Hrizi Mourad
Published: September 2023

In this work, we establish a local stability estimate for a problem involving the reconstruction of a domain
in the time‐fractional diffusion equation with an order of
:
from the knowledge of a Neumann additional data on a part of the boundary. This problem is motivated by several applications in anomalous diffusion phenomena. The stability estimate is obtained through a straightforward approach utilizing shape optimization techniques. To reconstruct the domain
, we formulate the inverse problem as a shape optimization one by minimizing a least‐squares cost function. Using the topological derivative method, we perform a noniterative algorithm for numerically recovering the location and shape of the unknown domain. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in reconstructing multiple subdomains of varying shapes and sizes, considering noisy data, through numerical experiments.
Characterization of ductile damage and fracture behavior under shear reverse loading conditions
Authors: Wei Zhichao , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with experimental and numerical analysis of the ductile damage and fracture behavior undergoing biaxial non‐proportional shear reverse loading conditions. In the numerical analysis, an anisotropic cyclic plastic‐damage constitutive model is considered to characterize the damage and fracture behavior. Additionally, the change in the hardening rate is observed after shear reverse loading. Thus, a newly modified non‐hardening strain region method is introduced to capture the change in the hardening ratio between isotropic and kinematic hardening. Furthermore, the damage surface is assumed to translate in the direction of the damage strain increment. Hence, a softening law based on the damage strain is proposed. The modified constitutive model predicts macroscopic force‐displacement and microscopic evolution of plastic and damage behaviors under shear reverse loading with a tensile preload. Through digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy, numerical results can be validated by experimental ones. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy pictures also reveal different damage and fracture mechanisms on the micro‐level.
A numerical approach for determining the optimal position of a single damper for damping a distinct eigenfrequency of multi‐body systems
Authors: Truhar Ninoslav , Weber Wolfgang E.
Published: September 2023

In this paper the damping optimization of a multi‐body oscillator with arbitrary n degrees of freedom is considered. The main contribution is a theoretical result for the optimal position of a single damper in a structured optimization. For that purpose the optimization criterion based on the average total energy is considered. As the damping optimization by means of the chosen optimization criterion in general is not a straight‐forward task, a numerical approach based on the formula of Veselić is introduced in this contribution. This approach can be used for efficiently calculating optimal damping for medium‐size problems with .
Model order reduction in subset simulations using the proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Thaler Denny , Shields Michael D. , Markert Bernd , Bamer Franz
Published: September 2023

The crude Monte Carlo method is computationally expensive. Hence, incorporating model order reduction methods enabling reliability analysis for high‐dimensional problems is necessary. However, this strategy may result in an inaccurate estimation of the probability of failure for rare events for two reasons. First, the model order reduction, represented by the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) here, requires response information in the form of snapshots a priori. To capture the essential nonlinear response behavior, we propose to update the proper orthogonal modes using extreme events. Second, the crude Monte Carlo simulation requires many samples to estimate low failure probabilities reliably. To this end, subset simulation found wide application in reliability analysis to reduce computational effort. Following this strategy, the proposed samples gradually move toward the failure region. Thus, incorporating updates of the modes is particularly promising in evaluating samples from the current subset region. This contribution shows the computational efficiency of POD within subset simulations. We then propose to leverage the estimation of the probability of failure by updating the modes within each subset.
Investigation of microstructure evolution accounting for crystal plasticity in the multiphase‐field method
Authors: Kannenberg Thea , Schöller Lukas , Prahs Andreas , Schneider Daniel , Nestler Britta
Published: September 2023

Regarding microstructured materials, a quantitative prediction of phase transformation processes is highly desirable for a wide range of applications. With respect to polycrstalline materials, the plastic material behavior is commonly investigated using a crystal plasticity (CP) theory, since it accounts for the underlying microstructure, that is, slip systems of the crystal lattice. In classical continuum mechanics, grain boundaries (GBs) are commonly modeled as material singular surfaces. However, the tracking of moving GBs, present during phase transformation processes, is numerically challenging and costly. This can be circumvented by the use of a multiphase‐field method (MPFM), which provides a numerically highly efficient method for the treatment of moving interfaces, considered as diffuse interfaces of finite thickness. In this work, the microstructural evolution is investigated within the MPFM accounting for CP. The implementation of the constitutive material behavior within the diffuse interface region accounts for phase‐specific plastic fields and the jump condition approach. To improve the understanding of the impact of plastic deformation on the phase evolution, a single inclusion problem is analyzed. Within a plastically deformed matrix, the shape evolution of a purely elastic inclusion with a different Young's modulus, referred to as inhomogeneity, is investigated. It is shown, how the anisotropic plastic behavior affects the phase evolution. The resulting equilibrium shapes are illustrated and examined.
Teaching mechanics with individual exercise assignments and automated correction
Authors: Gfrerer Michael H. , Marussig Benjamin , Maitz Katharina , Bangerl Mia M.
Published: September 2023

Solving exercise problems by yourself is a vital part of developing a mechanical understanding. Yet, most mechanics lectures have more than 200 participants, so the workload for manually creating and correcting assignments limits the number of exercises. The resulting example pool is usually much smaller than the number of participants, making verifying whether students can solve problems themselves considerably harder. At the same time, unreflected copying of tasks already solved does not foster the understanding of the subject and leads to a false self‐assessment. We address these issues by providing a scalable approach for creating, distributing, and correcting exercise assignments for problems related to statics, strength of materials, dynamics, and hydrostatics. The overall concept allows us to provide individual exercise assignments for each student. A quantitative survey among students of our recent statics lecture assesses the acceptance of our teaching tool. The feedback indicates a clear added value for the lecture, which fosters self‐directed and reflective learning.
Nonunit quaternion parametrization of a Petrov–Galerkin Cosserat rod finite element
Authors: Harsch Jonas , Eugster Simon R.
Published: September 2023

The application of the Petrov–Galerkin projection method in Cosserat rod finite element formulations offers significant advantages in simplifying the expressions within the discrete virtual work functionals. Moreover, it enables a straight‐forward and systematic exchange of the ansatz functions, specifically for centerline positions and cross‐section orientations. In this concise communication, we present a total Lagrangian finite element formulation for Cosserat rods that attempts to minimize the number of required theoretical concepts. The chosen discretization preserves objectivity and allows for large displacements/rotations and for large strains. The orientation parametrization with nonunit quaternions results in a singularity‐free formulation.
Precise size‐controllable generation of alginate encapsulated menthol microcapsules by active flow‐focusing microfluidic technology
Authors: Cao Yun , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Peng , Tang Gang , Guan Mingjing , Li Yanyan , Tian Huijuan , Zhang Jin , Zhou Shun
Published: September 2023

The encapsulation of menthol by polymer particles is an attempt to decrease its volatilization loss during the drying process when used in tobacco, cosmetics, and food applications. To generate precise size‐controllable menthol microcapsules with high menthol loading, this work encapsulated menthol with alginate using a new active flow‐focusing microfluidic technology. The size of the alginate‐encapsulated menthol microcapsules can be precisely controlled by adjusting the diameters of the nozzles. The results showed that the size difference scale could be controlled below 5%, and the encapsulation efficiency was higher than 80%. Additionally, alginate encapsulated menthol microcapsules exhibited a sustained‐release effect. The presence of an alginate shell can effectively protect menthol from rapid volatilization, which is conducive to avoiding menthol loss for tobacco, cosmetics, and food applications.