bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining the Deep: A global assessment of biodiversity and research effort at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in relation to mining of seafloor massive sulphides
Authors: Thaler Andrew , Amon Diva
Published: November 2019

When the RV Knorr set sail for the Galapagos Rift in 1977, the scientists aboard expected to find deep-sea hydrothermal vents. What they did not expect to find was life—abundant and unlike anything ever seen before. Submersible dives revealed not only deep-sea hydrothermal vents but entire ecosystem surrounding them, including the towering bright red tubeworms that would become icons of the deep sea. This discovery was so unexpected that the ship carried no biological preservatives. These first specimens were fixed in vodka from the scientists’ private reserves.Since that first discovery, deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been found throughout the oceans. As more regions are explored, newly discovered vent fields present the potential for entirely species and ecosystems. Increasingly, however, it is not scientific discovery, but the financial value of vent fields, and the ores they contain, that is driving exploration in the deep sea. Over the last five decades, a new industry has emerged to explore the potential of mining Seafloor Massive Sulphides (deep-sea hydrothermal vents that contain high concentrations of rare and precious metals). Multiple enterprises are developing mining prospects that include both active and inactive deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields. In order to understand the impacts of exploitation at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, scientists and miners must establish environmental baselines. Biodiversity is frequently used as a proxy for resilience and as a metric for assessing biological baselines but, since research effort is not distributed equally across the oceans, biodiversity estimates in the deep sea are rarely comprehensive. Studies have predominantly focused on a few key biogeographic provinces, while other regions have only been sampled sparingly. Managers, regulators, and mining companies are working from incomplete data, with inferences about the consequences, as well as mitigation and remediation practices, often drawn from studies of few vent ecosystems that are often different from those in which the impacts are expected to occur. To better assess our current understanding of deep-sea hydrothermal vent biodiversity, we undertook a quantitative survey of the last 40 years of vent research. A stark north/south divide was detected, demonstrating that while research was disproportionately focused in the Northern Hemisphere, mining prospects were overwhelmingly positioned in the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we provided a ranked assessment of biodiversity in eight major biogeographic provinces, identified knowledge gaps in the available deep-sea hydrothermal vent exploration literature, and assessed sampling completeness to provide further guidance to regulators, managers, and contractors as they develop comprehensive environmental baseline assessments.
Impaired coherence for semantic but not episodic autobiographical memory in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Seixas Lima Bruna , Levine Brian , Graham Naida , Leonard Carol , Tang-Wai David , Black Sandra E. , Rochon Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Language deficits, including word-finding difficulties and impaired single-word comprehension, have been found in patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). These deficits characterize the linguistic abilities of patients with svPPA on a micro-linguistic level (word and sentence level). On a macro-linguistic level (discourse level), svPPA patients’ discourse has been described as “empty”. Few studies have considered the contribution of a linguistic impairment to the difficulty of producing autobiographical narratives. In the present study, we assessed svPPA patients’ discourse coherence during autobiographical narratives in order to characterize the nature of their speech on a macro-linguistic level and to investigate the relationship between discourse production and memory in a naturalistic context. We collected samples of discourse in which svPPA patients and healthy controls (matched in age, education, sex and handedness) reported autobiographical events. Their narratives were assessed with a rating scale to evaluate global coherence of discourse. The protocols were also analysed using the Autobiographical Interview method (Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002) and categorized as episodic (information about events at a specific time and place), semantic (general knowledge), or supplementary details (metacognitive statements, repeated information, editorializing). Where possible, patients were assessed longitudinally at three time points over two years. Patients with svPPA produced a reduced number of episodic details, while the number of semantic details produced was comparable to controls. However, the episodic information produced by patients was coherent with the topic of discourse, while semantic information was not. These results suggest that svPPA patients produce semantic information comparable to controls in quantity but not quality, whereas the opposite is the case for episodic information.
The past, present, and future of ego depletion
Authors: Inzlicht Michael , Friese Malte
Published: November 2019

At the center of social psychology just a few years ago, ego depletion is now widely seen as a controversial topic, one of the chief victims of the replication crisis. Despite over 600 studies of apparent support, many are now asking if ego depletion is even real. Here, we comment on the articles included in this Special Issue: Ego Depletion. Specifically, we delineate the contributions and limitations of these articles by embedding them in a brief history of ego depletion, describing the current state of uncertainty about ego depletion’s scientific status, and outlining necessary steps for the study of ego depletion to have a healthy future. To us, the most troubling aspect of this controversy is not what is suggests about ego depletion; but what it suggests about social psychology more broadly. If the mere existence of ego depletion is seriously doubted by many, what can be confidently regarded as real in social psychology? By increasing the precision of our theories, continuously validating our manipulations and measures, and practicing the full suite of open science practices we have the potential to identify legitimate and robust effects and build a cumulative and trustworthy psychological science.
Bayesian Power Equivalence in Latent Growth Curve Models
Authors: Stefan Angelika Marlene , von Oertzen Timo
Published: November 2019

Longitudinal studies are the gold standard for research on time-dependentphenomena in the social sciences. However, they often entail high costs dueto multiple measurement occasions and a long overall study duration. It istherefore useful to optimize these design factors while maintaining a highinformativeness of the design. Von Oertzen and Brandmaier (2013) appliedpower equivalence to show that Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs)with different design factors can have the same power for likelihood-ratiotests on the latent structure. In this paper, we show that the notion ofpower equivalence can be extended to Bayesian hypothesis tests of the latentstructure constants. Specifically, we show that the results of a Bayes FactorDesign Analysis (BFDA; Schönbrodt & Wagenmakers, 2018) of two powerequivalent LGCMs are equivalent. This will be useful for researchers whoaim to plan for compelling evidence instead of frequentist power and providesa contribution towards more efficient procedures for BFDA.
Incidencia y factores de riesgo asociados con nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en procedimientos intervencionistas de cardiología
Authors: Garnica Benincore Paola , Fuentes París Sergio , Sanabria Ardila Miguel , Espinosa Marrugo Cristian , Rosselli San Martin Carlos , Osorio Gómez Nelson William
Published: November 2019

Introducción:  la  nefropatía  inducida  por  medios  de  contraste  (NIC)  es  la  injuria  secundaria  a  la  exposición  en  procedimientos  diagnósticos  e  intervencionistas.  Representa  la  tercera  causa  de  insuficiencia  renal  aguda  hospitalaria.  Esta  investigación  buscó  establecer factores de riesgo para NIC en cateterismo cardiaco izquierdo (CCI) en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, durante tres años. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en pacientes con CCI y exposición a medios de contraste y estrategias de nefroprotección con líquidos, bicarbonato o N-acetilcisteína. Se incluyeron todos los atendidos entre 2014 y 2016. Se definió la NIC como el aumento de 0,5 mg/dL de creatinina en 72 horas o del 25% de la basal. De 495 pacientes, se excluyeron 15  con  hemodiálisis  previa.  Se  tomaron  registros  clínicos  electrónicos  realizando  análisis  estadístico  multivariado.  Se  utilizó  el  paquete estadístico stata 13. Resultados: en 480 pacientes la incidencia de NIC fue 13,1%; tener una hemoglobina mayor 13 gr/dL en hombres, fue un factor protector para NIC OR: 0,29 (p=0.004). La creatinina basal mayor de 1,5 mg/dL aumentó el riesgo de NIC OR: 2,56 (IC 95: 1,35-4,85; p=0.004), así como la coexistencia de diabetes y enfermedad renal crónica OR: 2,73 (IC 95: 1,25 – 5.95; p=0,005). Otros factores como edad, falla cardiaca, volumen de contraste, IAM anterior y estrategias de nefroprotección, no mostraron asociación significativa. En relación con NIC la incidencia de muerte fue 9,5% y hemodiálisis 2,5%. Conclusiones: la incidencia de NIC se asocia con aumento de la mortalidad; los factores de riesgo asociados fueron creatinina >1.5 mg/dL y diabetes más enfermedad renal crónica. La hemoglobina normal en hombres se asoció con efecto protector.
Tinjauan Kriminologis Terhadap Preman yang Melakukan Kejahatan (Studi Kasus Polsek Batangtoru)
Authors: Busyro Marwan
Published: November 2019

This paper will write about crimes committed by thugs in criminological studies. The purpose of this study are the factors that cause thugs to commit crimes in Batangtoru and head sector police  made by the Batangtoru police sector against thugs in Batangtoru. The research method is normative which studies the study of documents using secondary data such as statutory regulations. Based on the results of this study found factors causing thugs to commit crimes in Batangtoru regarding environmental factors, economic factors, educational factors, alcoholic drinks (alcohol). In addition, regarding crimes of thugs in Batangtoru such as the availability of free time that cannot be used for other activities, consumptive lifestyles that are accompanied by reduced work interest or job opportunities. Whereas the efforts to overcome thuggery in Batangtoru, namely the Batangtoru Sector Police, have taken preventive and repressive measures. In addition to preventive measures, the Batangtoru Police Station also took repressive efforts to crack down on thuggery actions that occurred in the community. Repressive efforts are carried out by carrying out street crime operations by raiding and cracking down on thugs in the community.
 
Analisis Pengaruh Port Of Destination, Tonase Dan Durasi Plak Pelabuhan Terhadap Besarnya Biaya Ekspor (Studi Kasus Pada “PT. Sukses Lautan Indonesia”)
Authors: Ulva Mariya , Darno Darno
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah faktor jarak tujuan Negara (Port Of Destination), jumlah barang yang di ekspor (tonase) dan durasi penumpukan container (Plak Pelabuhan) berpengaruh terhadap besarnya biaya ekspor yang ada di PT. Sukses Lautan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan cara wawancara kepada pihak internal perusahaan. Pengambilan data sekunder berasal dari laporan keuangan perusahaan, buku, artikel, internet maupun instansi-instansi lain yang terkait seperti perpustakaan.

Teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS versi 24. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 90 data ekspor yang sudah dilakukan di PT. Sukses Lautan Indonesia dari tahun 2016-2017.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor jarak tujuan Negara (port Of destination), dan durasi penumpukan container (plak pelabuhan) dalam uji statistik masing-masing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap besarnya biaya ekspor. Sedangkan, faktor jumlah barang yang di ekspor (tonase) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap besarnya biaya ekspor yang ada di PT. Sukses Lautan Indonesia. Jarak tujuan pengiriman (port of destination), jumlah barang yang diekspor (tonase) dan durasi penumpukan container (plak pelabuhan) mempengaruhi biaya ekspor sebesar 90,5% dan 9,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar yang terdapat pada penelitian ini
ФЕНОМЕН МАЛОРОСІЙСТВА У ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Authors: Demyanenko Borys , Demyanenko Vira
Published: November 2019

У статті здійснено спробу усистемнити погляди вітчизняних дослідників щодо причин появи психотипу «малороса», об’єктивних умов формування, сутності та особливостей політичного й соціокультурного феномену малоросійства, його ролі в подальшому розвитку України, її державотворчих процесах. З’ясовано, що малоросійство у вітчизняному суспільствознавчому дискурсі розглядається, по-перше, як cимвол національної й людської меншовартості, неповноцінності, другосортності, провінціалізму, національного безпам’ятства та приниження, цивілізаційної закомплексованості, пристосуванства, зрадництва, капітулянтства; по-друге, як негативне соціально-психологічне явище, властиве представникам української інтелектуальної еліти у Російській імперії, а згодом – і частині української радянської інтелігенції, пов’язане з кризою національної свідомості частини українців, що базується на відчутті власної культурно-етнічної меншовартості порівняно з «великоросами»; потретє, як течія суспільно-політичної думки, що виникла на землях Української козацької держави, зміст якої полягає в тому, що українці, росіяни та інші народи вважалися органічною частиною єдиного слов’янського народу, мають рівні національні й соціальні права й можливості. Констатовано тезу, що малоросійство не вичерпується історичним часом підневільного існування українського народу, його риси значною мірою проявляються в умовах нинішнього етапу утвердження української суверенної державності й здійснюють негативний вплив на державотворчі процеси.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНОГО СВІТУ
Authors: Logvinyuk Tatyana
Published: November 2019

Завдання, яке ставить автор даної статті, полягає у висвітленні ролі транспорту, та його вплив на розвиток людства. Сьогодні як ніколи роль цієї галузі невпинно зростає, саме тому ця тема є досить актуальною. Транспорт у глобальному світі є однією з головних складових територіального поділу праці та засобом забезпечення територіальних взаємозв’язків, сполучною ланкою між виробництвом і споживанням. Будь-який продукт, щоб зберегти свою цінність, має бути вчасно доправлений до покупця в конкретні терміни. Саме транспорту і транспортній інфраструктурі належить важлива роль у виконанні цієї функції і прискоренні процесу відтворення. У даній статті охарактеризовано основні етапи зародження та становлення транспортної інфраструктури, адже в глобальному світі сьогодення транспорт є саме тією галуззю народного господарства, яка забезпечує потреби господарства та населення в усіх видах перевезень. Транспорт у сучасному світі відіграє важливу роль в економічному, соціально-політичному, оборонному та культурному житті кожної держави. Розвиток транспортних мереж є одним із головних завдань транспортної політики сучасного світу. Сучасний світ настільки стрімко розвивається, що на сьогоднішній день транспортні мережі, які ефективно функціонують, забезпечують зв’язки між країнами, що є необхідною умовою для сталого економічного розвитку та добробуту громадян, а активізація інтеграції національних транспортних мереж країн світу стимулює не тільки регіональне, а й міжнародне співробітництво.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BELI PAKAIAN SYAR’I (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWI UIN ANTASARI BANJARMASIN)
Authors: Apriliana Eka Sri
Published: November 2019

This research analyzes factors that influence the buying interest of female students in sharia clothing, namely price, trends and religiosity. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach with the sampling technique used is proportional stratified sampling. The research data obtained were analyzed using the Multiple Liner Regression Analysis technique with the help of the SPSS version 22 program. This study produced findings: First: the independent variables in this study consisted of price (X1), trend (X2) and religiosity (X3) simultaneously influences the buying interest (Y) of syar'i clothing for female students of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin with a Fcount value of 67.900 greater than the Ftable value of 1.19 (67.900> 1.19) and a significant F value of 0.000 less than an α value of 0 , 05 (0,000 <0.05) while partially each of the three variables, namely the price variable (X1), trend (X2) and religiosity (X3) affect the interest in buying sharia clothes in UIN Antasari Banjarmasin students. Second: religiosity is the most dominant variable partially influencing the buying interest of shari'a clothing for students of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin in accordance with the t test, this is evidenced from the unstandardized coefficients of 0.467 and standardized coefficients of 0.503 and a sig level of 0.000.
Language and a Continent in Flux
Authors: McDermott Philip , McMonagle Sarah
Published: November 2019

This article introduces the present forum edition on linguistic identities in twenty-first-century Europe. We consider how discourses of inclusion and exclusion, embedded in discourses of the nation, continue to be relevant in understanding and interpreting the social, cultural and political status of (minority) languages and their speakers. In order to introduce the various studies that comprise this forum, we relay how language debates provide a lens through which wider systems of prestige and hierarchy may be focused. Such debates can, at one and the same time, both alter and reflect the meanings and interpretations of Europe itself.
Parallel Lives
Authors: Ross George
Published: November 2019

Philippe Herzog and Jean-Louis Moynot were members of the top leaderships of the Parti Communiste Français (PCF) and the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT), respectively. Each participated in and lived through the dramatic years from the 1960s through the 1980s when both organizations first supported Union de la Gauche and then turned away from it, eventually precipitating both into decline in ways that would transform eventually the French political and trade union left. The strategic shifts underlying these deep and significant changes were traumatic for those who lived through them. Herzog and Moynot have recently published memoirs detailing their experiences of this period and their political lives thereafter. Both books, in different ways, give us new and important understandings of what happened during a critical moment of change in French politics.
An Anthropology of the Contemporary in France
Authors: Ingram Mark
Published: November 2019

Cultural anthropology in France continues to bear the influence of a colonial-era distinction between “modern” societies with a high degree of social differentiation (and marked by rapid social change) and ostensibly socially homogeneous and change-resistant “traditional” ones. The history of key institutions (museums and research institutes) bears witness to this, as does recent scholarship centered on “the contemporary” that reworks earlier models and concepts and applies them to a world increasingly marked by transnational circulation and globalization. Anthropology at the Crossroads describes the evolution of a national tradition of scholarship, changes to its institutional status, and the models, concepts, and critical perspectives of anthropologists currently revisiting and reworking the foundations of the discipline in France.
Prevalence of Histopathologically Diagnosed Ophthalmic Neoplastic Lesion Among Ophthalmic Biopsies in a Pathology Laboratory of Tertiary Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Singh Mrinalini , Arjyal Kafle Prerna , KC BalKumar , Yadav Sanjeeb Kumar , Khatri KC Anadi , Panthi Madhav
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Many vision threatening or life threatening neoplastic conditions often mimic less aggressive neoplastic or non-neoplastic inflammatory variants. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the histopathological spectrum of ophthalmic neoplastic lesions tumors in a pathology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal over a period from November 2016 to October 2018. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Birat Medical College. Sample size was calculated and convenience sampling was done. Data was collected in excel and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated and frequency and percentage was calculated for binary data. Subgroup analysis was done based on age, sex, nature of lesions and site of lesions.

Results: Prevalence of ophthalmic neoplastic lesion was 139 (55.37%), of which 74 (53.24%) were benign and 65 (46.76%) were malignant. Benign was mostly seen in females and of second decade and malignant was common in males and seventh decade of life respectively. Nevus in 18 (24.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 30 (17.6%) was found to be the most common benign and malignant lesions among the specimens. Conjunctiva and cornea in 52 (37.41%) was the most common location for those neoplastic lesions.

Conclusions: The most common ophthalmic neoplastic lesion was benign. Nevus is common in females and second decade and squamous cell carcinoma is common in males and seventh decade of life.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Diagnostic Dilemma in Puerperium: A Case Report
Authors: Mahto Vidya , Thapa Meena , Padhye Saraswoti
Published: November 2019

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a potentially life threatening dermatologic disorder characterized by widespread erythema, necrosis and bullas, detachment of epidermis and mucous membrane resulting in exfoliation, possible sepsis and even death. This is the first case report in Nepal of toxic epidermal necrolysis in puerperium. We present a case of a 28-years-old, P1L1 on fourth postoperative day following emergency lower segment caesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion in latent phase of labour with uneventful antenatal period. She developed fever followed by rashes all over the body with hypotension, tachypnea and shortness of breath. Initially, she was diagnosed as a case of septic shock and transferred to intensive care unit from postnatal ward. She was managed with broad spectrum antibiotics and inotropes. Later on, it was found to be the case of Toxic epidermal necrolysis and managed with vancomycin and corticosteroids under the supervision of gynecology, dermatology and medicine team.
Spatial variability of primary production and chlorophyll in the Laptev sea in august–september
Authors: Demidov A. B. , Gagarin V. I. , Arashkevich E. G. , Makkaveev P. N. , Konyukhov I. V. , Vorobieva O. V. , Fedorov A. V.
Published: November 2019

Spatial distribution of phytoplankton primary production and chlorophyll was studied based on the data of three cruises carried out in AugustSeptember of 2015, 2017 and 2018. The average value of water column primary production (IPP) along the transect from Lena`s mouth to the continental slope was 2.8 fold higher than that one along the transect from Khatanga`s mouth, which was explained by the level of incident radiation and nutrients concentration. Along the cross-slope transects increasing of photosynthetically layer integrated chlorophyll (Chlph) occurred due to developing of deep maxima. IPP and Chlph increasing was registered in the vicinity of the continental slope. In AugustSeptember the averaged IPP value was 100 mgC m-2 d-1 that is the evidence of oligotrophy of the Laptev Sea at the end of summer and at the beginning of autumn.
Device of registration the lateral flow of sedimentary matter
Authors: Mityaev M. V.
Published: November 2019

A new sedimentation device was developed and tested. "Device of registration the lateral flow of sedimentary matter" is intended for sampling a sedimentary particulate matter moving in the water column in the lateral directions. The device can be successfully used to solve sedimentological, biological, ecological problems, including the monitoring of solid pollutants transfer.
Dynamic Inflation and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Nezum
Published: November 2019

This scholarly article seeks to spotlight the inextricable link between economic expansion and inflation in Bangladesh for the past three decades from 1987 to 2017. The nature of the relationship between these two macroeconomic variables is a boiling topic of research. The data on both the GDP growth and inflation rates supplied by the World Bank have been used to study the nexus. Different relevant tests (DF, ADF, PP and KPSS test) found unit root in the variables, but this problem is disappeared at the first difference. Cointegration tests display the long-run connection between the variables at the period. Max-Eigen value Statistic Trace Statistic expose there may be a second integrating vector. The vector error correction model (VECM) finds short dynamics among inflation and economic development, and the adjustment speed at 39% and 82% respectively for the variables—GDP growth rate and inflation. This empirical study has found a significant correlation between inflation and economic growth in Bangladesh during the study period
Experimental study on deformation characteristics of collapsible loess under isotropic stress
Authors: Jia Yajun , Chen Cunli , Zhang Dengfei
Published: November 2019

In order to study the deformation characteristics of collapsible loess and to construct different vertical stresses, different isotropic stresses are used to represent the vertical stresses, and their corresponding stresses are set to be The hidden stresses in different positions of collapsible loess foundation are analyzed by using 0 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 220 kPa, 330 kPa and 400 kPa. In this study, various kinds of deformation analysis of collapsible loess are needed. Ground settlement tester, GJY K0 tester produced by Suzhou Longstan Automation Factory and ADINA software are used. Experiments show that under the action of different filling heights, different isotropic stresses are applied to the foundation, and the hidden stresses of the loess are gradually decreasing. At the same time, the higher the height of the fill, the faster the decline of the underlying stress of the foundation loess; with the increase of time at the bottom of the cushion, the corresponding underlying stress at the midline decreases, while with the increase of the height of the fill, the corresponding underlying stress at the midline rises; the study of the underlying stress at the bottom of the pile is set up differently. Under certain time and position of the pile bottom, increasing the isotropic stress can increase the hidden stress at the corresponding pile bottom, and change the filling height at the pile bottom has little effect on the hidden stress at the pile bottom. Under the combined action of water content and isotropic stress, they are positively correlated with the change of lateral stress. With the increase of isotropic stress, the K0 coefficient rises as a whole. This study can provide a strong reference for the deformation characteristics of collapsible loess itself, and help construction workers to improve the safety of the project in the field of engineering construction.
Faktor demografis yang berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pada remaja
Authors: Budiyati Gani Apriningtyas
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is one of the five largest cigarette consuming countries in the world. In addition, the data shows that the majority of smokers are the younger generation. Things that cause adolescents to smoke behavior can occur due to various factors, including smoking environment, gender, age, and other demographic factors. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of demographic factors with smoking behavior in adolescents. This study used a cross sectional design. Respondents were vocational school adolescents. The population were 373 adolescents. The number of samples used in this study were 201 respondents. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Data analysis used chi square test. Data collection used questionnaire. The results of bivariate analysis of the relationship between sex factors and smoking behavior have a significance value of 0,007 (p<0,05) which means there was a relationship between sex and smoking behavior in adolescents. While other demographic factors such as age, parental education, pocket money, and status of residence did not show significant results (p>0,05) which means there was no relationship between age, parental education, pocket money, and residence status with smoking behavior in adolescents. Conclusion of this study said that gender was a demographic factor associated with smoking behavior in adolescents.
PENDEKATAN OBJEKTIF DALAM MENGAPRESIASI TEKS DRAMA DI KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: WASMANA WASMANA
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masih rendahnya aktivitas dan kemampuan siswa dalam mengapresiasi  teks drama di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar.Terkait dengan permasalahan tersebut maka yang menjadi masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut. 1) Bagaimana aktivitas mengapresiasi  teks drama pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar dengan menggunakan pendekatan objektif?, 2) Bagaimana kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama  pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar setelah menerapkan pendekatan objektif? Tujuan dalam penelitian yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas dan kemampuan pembelajaran mengapresiasi teks drama dengan pendekatan objektif.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yaitu model Hopkins yang peneliti kembangkan kedalam tiga siklus pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua tindakan. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 44 orang siswa kelas VI SDN Sinarjari. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan lembar observasi, catatan lapangan, tes, penilaian aktivitas, LKS, kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut. 1) Aktivitas siswa mengapresiasi teks dramapada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar menggunakan pendekatan objektif meningkat. Peningkatan aktivitas ditunjukan dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata mulai siklus I yaitu 1,83, siklus II yaitu 2,27, siklus III yaitu 3,40. Selain itu ditunjukan dengan peningkatan rata-rata nilai LKS sebagai berikut, nilai rata-rata siklus I yaitu 65,05, nilai rata-rata siklus II yaitu 71,67, dan nilai rata-rata siklus III yaitu 88,89. 2) Kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama  pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar dengan menggunakan pendekatan objektif meningkat. Peningkatan tersebut ditunjukan dengan perolehan rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus I yaitu 51,35, rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus II yaitu 66,05, dan rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus III yaitu 76,13. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan objekif dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan kemampuan siswa dalam mengapresiasi teks drama di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar. Peneliti merekomendasikan bagipenelitian berikutnya supaya mengembangkan metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Kegiatan Posyandu Lansia
Authors: Keumalahayati Keumalahayati , Alamsyah T
Published: November 2019

The Elderly Posyandu is a social organization that is engaged in fostering advanced health, health workers who serve elderly health and the wider community are a forum for the community supported by cross-sectoral collaboration. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and family support for elderly Posyandu activities in Seuriget Village, Langsa Barat District, Langsa City in 2014. The research method used a crossectional research design. The population of this study was all usas aged 60-69 years totaling 79 people. The sample in this study was total sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The results of the study showed that 88.6% of respondents did not take part in the elderly posyandu activities, 72.2% of respondents were less knowledgeable and the majority of family support was 74.7%. The chi-square test results showed knowledge with the elderly posyandu activities (p = 0.001), with a value of X2 count = 12,443> X2 = 3.841. There was a relationship between family support and elderly posyandu activities (p = 0.007) and the value X2 count = 9.069> X2 = 3.841. Suggestions for the results of the study can be input for the community and the elderly towards the importance of the elderly Posyandu and can be used as input for the research site on the importance of the elderly posyandu.
Pengaruh Psikoedukasi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien dengan hipertensi
Authors: Haryati Omi , Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: November 2019

Psychoeducation is the provision of information about managing disease and the psychological aspects of patients. Psychoeducation teaches someone about a problem so they can reduce the stress associated with the problem. Relaxation can reduce muscle tension, saturation and anxiety so as to prevent the increase in pain stimuli and can help hypertensive patients to reduce anxiety and strengthen individual coping. This study aims to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the knowledge and anxiety level of patients with hypertension. The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group psychoeducation intervention with a sample of 80 people. The results were significant differences in the knowledge of patients before and after the intervention group (p value knowledge = 0.013), whereas in the control group there was no difference (p value = 0.770). The conclusion is obtained that psychoeducation can improve the knowledge of patients with hypertension, so that it is expected to be one form of intervention that can be applied to the community in the Cipayung District area.
Avaluation of morphofunctional condition of rats organism for study of toxicity of the preparation tilmicosine basis
Authors: Zhyla M. I. , Patereha I. P. , Tomaszewska E. , Muszynski S. , Dobrowolski P. , Dubin O. M. , Koval Y. B.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the study results of the acute and subacute toxicity of the veterinary drug “Tylmozyn 25” (solution for oral administration) based on tilmicosin. Intra-gastric administration of “Tylmozyn 25” to white mice at a dose of 25000 mg/kg of body weight caused the death of 100% of the animals, a dose of 15000 mg/kg of body weight caused the death of 66% of the white mice. The average time of death was 2 and 5 hours correspondingly. While determining the toxicity of “Tylmozyn 25” in white rats, we did not spot the death of any studied animal at any administered dose (5000, 15000, 25000 mg/kg of body weight). Based on the result of our study, we conclude that the veterinary drug Tylmozyn 25 belongs to the fourth of toxicity class – low toxic substances. LD50 of Tylmozyn 25 in white mice is 14167 mg/kg, while in white rats LD50 is higher than 25000 mg/kg. Testing on white rats intra-gastric drug “Tylmozyn 25” during for 14 days, both in therapeutic (80 mg/kg of body weight) and 10-fold doses (800 mg/kg of body weight) did not cause animal death, but caused a decrease in body weight, a significant decrease in the coefficients of weight of the liver and spleen and a tendency to increase the coefficients of weight of the heart and lungs compared with the animals of the control group. Animals which got the drug at a dose of 800 mg/kg of body weight showed erythrocytosis, leukopenia, increased enzymatic activity of AST, ALT, and LDH, the content of total protein against to decrease urea and creatinine, which may indicate impaired liver, kidney function and hematopoietic organs. The macroscopic and microscopic structure of the internal organs of the experimental rats is preserved. Rats receiving a tenfold therapeutic dose of the drug for 14 days, histologically revealed the most granular protein dystrophy in the liver and kidneys, which was manifested by discomplexation of the lamellae, presence of hepatocytes with uneven granular cytoplasm, slightly colored cytoplasm, hypertrophied nuclei, renal convoluted tubules and narrowing of their lumen, compaction of the mesh of the renal corpuscle. In the myocardium, the branching, swelling of the muscle fibers, swelling of the stroma with cell infiltrates, mainly of the lympho-histiocytic series, was observed, which indicated the development of serosa myocarditis. Structural changes in the liver, kidneys and heart were confirmed by biochemical parameters of the enzymatic activity of the serum of rats of this group.
Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum vulgare L.), as a Food-supplement in a Rearing of Piglets
Authors: Salamon I. , Poracova J. , Hrytsyna M.
Published: November 2019

The article describes the results of the study of the physiological effect on the organism of pigs - mammals and weaned piglets. Feed additives were made from the essential oil of Origanum vulgare “Aditívum do kŕmnych zmesí na báze pamajoránu”. It has been established that O. vulgare dry grass contains essential oils (0.15–0.50%), where carvacrol, thymol, cymol and other terpenes are main components. Extract of O. vulgare essential oil has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the enteropathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli hemolytic and Salmonella enteritica var. Enteritidis. In quantifying, it was found that 20% of the essential oil extract has inhibition role, which is 4 times more effective than 100%, has the largest inhibitory role. The resistant symbiotic bacterium of the gut Enterococcus faecium M-7 was not affected by essential oil. The following indicators were used to establish the physiological effect of herbal supplements on the body of piglets: increasment in body weight, resistance of piglets to diseases, the state of intestinal microflora. A control and two experimental groups were added for the experiment, where the phyto-additive was included in to the feed: the first consisted of bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum with 0.05% extract of O. vulgare (LO) essential oil and the second – only 0.05% essential oil extract О. vulgare. (O). In the two experimental groups, the pigs' health was good and their mortality was not observed either before or after weaning. The incidence was 18% before weaning and 36% after weaning in the control group. The average daily weight gaining was significant in both groups (31–36%). Moreover, piglets were larger at birth and before weaning they increased in weight to 8 times, whereas over the next 24 days their weight increased only to 50%. The difference in gaining weight between the two expirimantal groups was insignificant. The use of the herbal supplement LO is more effective than O, because the stability index of the gut microbiota gradually increases from 2.2 to 3.37 due to decrease in the number of opportunistic bacteria Escherichia coli and enterobacteria and growth of lactobacilli. Therefore, a phyto-supplement consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria with 0.05% O. vulgare (LO) essential oil extract can be recommended as a probiotic to feed mammals and weaned pigs for improving health and disease prevention.
Influence of epizootic categories of birds on germ resistance
Authors: Livoschenko L. P. , Livoschenko E. M.
Published: November 2019

Non-plastic diseases are a problem both in medical and veterinary practice. The most common diseases in poultry caused by oncogenic viruses include lymphoid leukemia (LL) and Marek's disease (MD). A vaccine has been developed for HM. On breeds and lines of birds with high resistance to neoplasm, the vaccine is much better. It is possible to solve this problem by increasing the specific and overall resistance, by creating genetically disease-resistant lines and crosses of the bird. However, this requires some knowledge about the mechanism of disease resistance, the interaction of the pathogen with the body, ways to increase resistance, its correction, sensitivity of lines and hybrids to pathogens of the most common diseases. This requires criteria or markers that are indicators of the body's immunocompetence. The studies were performed on chickens of Leghorn D4 line and Poltava clay P37. The level of antibodies to leukemia-sarcoma complex (VLSC) viruses was determined in the neutralization reaction by a conventional method. As a viral material, a 30% suspension of tumors obtained from infected chickens with Raus sarcoma virus was used. The article presents data on the influence of epizootic categories of poultry on the resistance of embryos to oncornaviruses. For research, the bird by status with respect to antibodies to oncoviruses was divided into four categories: A+ the presence of antibodies; A- the absence of antibodies; B+ the presence of the virus; B- no virus. When selecting a resistant bird for neoplasm, only two categories A-B- and A+ B- are theoretically relevant. The possibility of obtaining offspring with or without antibodies, depending on the status of this phenomenon in his parents, was established. According to the data obtained in 60.0% of cases, the bird, free from neutralizing antibodies against HRV, can be obtained by mating cocks and chickens free of these antibodies. However, the absence of antibodies from parents cannot guarantee such in their offspring (approximately 40.0% were with antibodies). It may be that some of the offspring of the antibody-free bird do not have genetic resistance to infection and react with antibody production when in contact with the virus. If the chickens and roosters had antibodies, their offspring were only free from them in 31.3% of cases. These data, however, indicate that resistance to infection is inherited from offspring and from parents resistant to natural infection with oncoviruses, which makes it more likely to obtain resistant offspring (P < 0.01). There is also a pattern of getting families free of counteracting factors: they are more likely to get from chickens and cocks that have no antibodies. However, not always the absence of antibodies in roosters and chickens guaranteed the absence of antibodies in their offspring.
The influence of long-term drinking of citric acid on the organism of F0 female rats
Authors: Tesarivska U. I.
Published: November 2019

The influence of long-term drinking of Citric acid on the organism of female rats was studied by the investigation of morphological and biochemical indices and organ mass coefficients. The study was performed on 10 laboratory female rats F0, which were organized in groups (5 – control, 5 – experimental) 2–2.5 months aged, with body mass 110–120 g. The animals of the experimental group received aqueous solution of Citric acid (С6Н12О6 х Н2О, “ch.p.”) in the dose 0.8 mg/kg b. m. during the physiologic and puberty periods, fertilization and pregnancy. Animals of both groups had constant access to the drinking water. The received results of studies of red cells in the experimental group are comparative to the control group animals indicate the tendency to decrease the number of red blood cells by 6%, hemoglobin in the blood on 22.7%, average hemoglobin concentration in hemoglobin by 25%, average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte on 20.9%, average hemoglobin volume on 4% against the background of an increase of hematocrit value on 5.4%. The experimental data obtained indicate a probable increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental group of animals on 42.4%, and a tendency for a 2-folf increase in eosinophils. The results of biochemical studies of serum indicate minor differences between serum iron content (increase on 5.6%) in experimental and control animals groups. Also, the received results indicate the tendency of an increase by 3.3% of serum trasferrin on the background of decrease of total (by 3.6%) and unsaturated (by 7.6%) Fe-binding ability of blood. Animals receiving Citric acid found a tendency to increase, in terms of indicators of ALT activity – by 18.9% and alkaline phosphatase by 13.2% comparing with the control group of animals. The blood of female rats showed significantly higher urea level of 72.5% and a lower creatinine level of 19.6%. The content of average molecular weight substances in the serum of female rats of the experimental group under the influence of Citric acid is less than in animals of the control group on 2.8%. Studies of the individual organs status with the determination of their weight and mass coefficients revealed that against a background to the coefficients of the control group of female rats the weight of the liver increased likely by 16.1%. In the future, we plan to investigate the effect of long-term drinking of Citric acid on the organism of F1 rats.
Chlamydiales order bacteria in swine with reproductive disoders. Detection of Waddlia chondrophila in swine
Authors: Zezekalo V. K.
Published: November 2019

Chlamydial infections cause significant economic expenses due to infertility, insufficient productivity growth, and high mortality rates among young stock. Bacteria of the Chlamydiaceae family (Chlamydia suis Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pecorum) are well known pathogens isolated from pigs. The diseases associated with these species are widely studied; monitoring and prevention are carried out. However, chlamydia-related bacteria in swine remain poorly studied in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to check samples, taken from swine from private farms in the Poltava region, Ukraine, for the presence of Chlamydia-like organisms. Determination of the possibility of coinfection of Chlamydia and Chlamydia-like organisms. We examined 28 samples from two private farms in the Poltava region (23 samples from sows, and 5 samples from boars). The studies were carried out using PCR with primers designed in our laboratory. As a result of the study, Chlamydiaceae-positive samples were not detected among sows. Along with it, 2 out of 5 samples taken from boars were found to be Chlamydiaceae-positive. The total number of Chlamydiaceae-positive samples was 2 out of 28 (7.14%). The total number of Waddlia-positive samples was 8 out of 28 (28.7%). A mixture of Chlamydiaceae and Waddlia chondrophila infection was found in one sample. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae was not found in any sample. There are no reports of the detection of Waddlia chondrophila in samples from swine in the sources available for us, so this publication might be the first such report. Due to the fact that W. chondrophila was first detected in the samples selected from pigs, the experiment was repeated three times, and the identity of the PCR product of W. chondrophila-positive samples was additionally verified by restriction analysis. Relatively small number of samples, in our research as well as in previous studies, does not allow us to make accurate calculations about the prevalence of chlamydia-like organisms in swine. Further research are required and might include broader sampling, isolation of the pathogen, sequencing of its genome, experimental infection, determination of pathomorphological changes. All the listed above, would help to determine significance of the study along with the role of W. chondrophila in chlamydia infection in swine.