bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithostructural and Petrochemical Survey of Djarkadougou Gold Prospect (South West Burkina Faso / West Africa)
Authors: Koffi Yao Honoré , Djro Sagbrou Chérubin , Wenmenga Urbain
Published: February 2017

The Djarkadougou gold prospect is located on the Birimian greenstone belt of the Houndé exploration permit held by the company Orezone Inc. The permit is at 275 km far from the capital Ouagadougou south- western Burkina Faso, West Africa. This area is based on sheared and metamorphosed greenschist facies rocks. Metamorphism locally reaches to the amphibolite facies around intrusions. There are two major lithological units whose interface is marked by a NW-SE trending shear corridor: an unit of andesite-basaltic rocks of andesitic breccias in the East and volcaniclastic and sedimentary unit composed flows, tuffs and felsic to mafic breccia, interbedded volcano-sedimentary rocks. All this together is intruded by plutonic rocks, and various felsic to mafic dykes. These rocks have undergone ductile to brittle heterogeneous deformations and hydrothermal alteration sericite ±carbonate ±quartz±sulphide within deformation corridors. The rocks of the East and West domains affected by three phases of brittle-ductile deformation (D1, D2, and D3) and the meteoric alteration is systematic in superficial facies of Djarakadougou core drilling.Geochemical analysis shows a tholeiitic to calc-alkaline volcanic serie characteristic a bimodal volcanism. The spectra of normalized REE chondrites are generally flat and constant reminding those of N-MORB basalt. The chemical compositions of andesite and basalt are deferred on several discrimination diagrams especially Th / Yb - Nb / Yb and 2 Nb - Zr / 4 - Y show that andesites and basalts of the prospect are issued in geotectonic setting of volcanism preponderant arc.
The Cognitive Estimation Task is nonunitary: Evidence for multiple magnitude representation mechanisms among normative and ADHD college students
Authors: Ashkenazi Sarit , Tsyganov Yulia
Published: February 2017

There is a current debate on whether the cognitive system has a shared representation for all magnitudes or whether there are unique representations. To investigate this question, we used the Biber cognitive estimation task. In this task, participants were asked to provide estimates for questions such as, “How many sticks of spaghetti are in a package?” The task uses different estimation categories (e.g., time, numerical quantity, distance, and weight) to look at real-life magnitude representations. Experiment 1 assessed (N = 95) a Hebrew version of the Biber Cognitive Estimation Task and found that different estimation categories had different relations, for example, weight, time, and distance shared variance, but numerical estimation did not. We suggest that numerical estimation does not require the use of measurement in units, hence, it represents a more “pure” numerical estimation. Experiment 2 found that different factors explain individual abilities in different estimation categories. For example, numerical estimation was predicted by preverbal innate quantity understanding (approximate number sense) and working memory, whereas time estimations were supported by IQ. These results demonstrate that cognitive estimation is not a unified construct.
Encoding “10ness” improves first-graders’ estimation of numerical magnitudes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Okamoto Yukari
Published: February 2017

Understanding numerical magnitudes is a foundational skill that significantly impacts later learning of mathematics concepts. The current study tested the idea that encoding of “10ness” is crucial to improving children’s estimation of two-digit number magnitudes. We used commercially available base-10 blocks for this purpose. The children in the experimental condition were asked to construct two-digit numbers by laying down the precise combinations of 10- and 1-blocks horizontally (e.g., three 10-blocks and seven 1-blocks for 37). Two control conditions were also included. In one control condition, children used 1-blocks only. In another control condition, children used one 10-block and as many 1-blocks as necessary. After working with the experimenter for only 15 minutes twice, the children in the experimental condition were significantly more accurate on the estimation task than those in the control conditions. The findings confirmed the importance of encoding 10ness as a unit in making accurate estimates of two-digit number magnitudes. The importance of encoding other units in the base-10 system is discussed.
Über die gesellschaftliche Verantwortung der wissenschaftlichen Lexikographie
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Hvorfor ser min anmeldelse ud som den gør?
Authors: Larsen Fritz
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Faktorer i anmelderiet - diskussionsreferat
Authors: Fogtmann Christina , Hansen Stine Kern
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Im Zentrum der Interessen: Fachkommunikation als Leitgröße
Authors: Kalverkämper Hartwig
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Beskrivelsesniveauer og dimensioner i den grammatiske model
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Socio-regional speech versus "Oxford accent" - trends and fashions in the pronunciation of English English
Authors: Wotschke Ingrid
Published: February 2017

Post-War years have brought new speech habits and evaluations on grounds of so far unprecedented social contacts between the classes. The following paper will focus on recent articulatory developments together with their socio-economic roots and psy-chological implications, to assess the effects of cross-cultural influence on educated Southern British English.
Simultantolkning: Empirisk undersøgelse af måltekst/udgangstekst-relationer - sammenfatning på dansk af ph.d.-afhandling
Authors: Schjoldager Anne
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
El Espacio de todos y de nadie: El Centro Histórico de Tegucigalpa-Comayagüela a inicios del siglo XXI / Everyone’s and No one’s Place: The historic town of Tegucigalpa-Comayagüela at the beginning of the XXIth Century
Authors: Lara-Pinto Gloria
Published: February 2017

RESUMENTegucigalpa fue establecida a finales del siglo XVI, convertida en capital en 1880 y en el Distrito Central ‒Tegucigalpa y Comayagüela‒en 1937. Su Centro Histórico cubre unos 1.8 km², segmentado por el río Choluteca. No obstante la obsolescencia funcional de un buen número de edificaciones, el Centro Histórico mantiene su valor emblemático en el imaginario colectivo como bastión de identidad, ciudad histórica y sede del gobierno central. Si bien la ciudadanía reconoce la pérdida de espacios públicos, la notoria falta de voluntad política de las autoridades priva a la sociedad civil de interlocutores válidos. Bajo estas circunstancias es urgente forjar el vínculo de la generación joven con su Centro Histórico.Palabras claves: Centro Histórico, imaginario colectivo, espacios públicos RESUMOTegucigalpa, estabelecida no final do século XVI, tornou-se a capital de Honduras em 1880 e o Distrito Central-Tegucigalpa e Comayagüela-em 1937. O centro histórico abrange uma área de 1,8 km² do total, e é cortado pelo Rio Choluteca. No entanto, apesar de manter seu valor emblemático e simbólico no imaginário coletivo, como mito construtor da identidade, da historicidade da região e da sede do governo central, ele é marcado pela obsolescência de muitos edifícios. As ações do governo local revelam a falta de a vontade política para revitalizar o centro, o que tem privado a sociedade civil de interlocutores válidos. Diante dessas circunstâncias, torna-se urgente formar vínculos das gerações mais jovens com sua Centro Histórico.Palavras-chave: Centro histórico; imaginário coletivo; espaços públicos ABSTRACTTegucigalpa, founded at the end of the XVIth Century, became the capital city in 1880, and the Central District –Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela- in 1937. Its Historic Center extends over some 1.8 km², segmented by the Choluteca River. In spite of the functional obsolescence of a good number of buildings, the Historic City Center retains its emblematic value in the collective imagery as an identity stronghold, historic town and the seat of the central government. Although the citizenry recognizes the loss of public spaces, the lack of political will from decisions makers deprives civil society of valid dialogue partners. Under these circumstances, it is urgent to forge a stronger link between the younger generations and their Historic Center.Key words: Historic Center, collective imagery, public spaces
Conflictos Socio-Espaciales Procesos de Resistencia y Justicia Espacial en el Escenario del Postconflicto en las Ciudades Colombianas / Socio-Spatial Conflicts, Processes of Resistance and Spatial Scenario of Justice In Post-Conflict in Colombian Cities
Authors: Torres-Tovar Carlos Alberto , Rojas-Pabón Marysol
Published: February 2017

RESUMENColombia discute a 2016 Acuerdos de Paz con las insurgencias (FARC y ELN), que darían culminación a más de cinco décadas de conflicto social y armado, el cual inició con un país mayoritariamente rural y que hoy es urbano. Sin embargo, las negociaciones no contemplan la ciudad, desconociendo las dinámicas y conflictos presentes en esta. Esta situación nos remite a pensar cómo en un contexto de postconflicto, las ciudades resolverán los conflictos socio-espaciales y darán atención a las demandas que han marcado los procesos de resistencia urbana y territorial, así como se podrá garantizar la justicia espacial y la materialización del derecho a la ciudad. Este artículo plantea algunas de estas tensiones.Palabras Clave: ciudad, postconflicto, Colombia RESUMOColômbia discute em 2016 Acordos de Paz com as guerrilhas (FARC e ELN), que seriam resultado de mais de cinco décadas de conflito social e armado, que começou com um país predominantemente rural e que hoje é urbano. No entanto, as negociações não incluem a cidade, ignorando as dinâmicas e os conflitos ali presentes. Esta situação leva-nos a pensar como num contexto de pós-conflito cidades resolver os conflitos sócio-espaciais e dar atenção às demandas que marcaram os processos de resistência urbana e territorial e ser garantida a justiça espacial e a realização de direito à cidade. Este artigo discute algumas dessas tensões.Palavras-chave: cidade, pós-conflito, Colômbia ABSTRACTColombia discussed 2016 Peace Accords with insurgencies (FARC and ELN), which would culmination of more than five decades of social and armed conflict, which began with a predominantly rural country and today is urban. However, the negotiations do not include the city, ignoring the dynamics and conflicts present in this. This situation leads us to think how in a context of post-conflict cities solve the socio-spatial conflicts and give attention to the demands that have marked the processes of urban and territorial resistance and be guaranteed spatial justice and the realization of right to the city. This article discusses some of these tensions.Keywords: city, post-conflict, Colombia
Conflictos, Autopistas Urbanas Y Discursos Sobre La (In)Justicia en Santiago de Chile / Conflicts, urban highways and discourses on (in)justice in Santiago (Chile)
Authors: Stamm Caroline
Published: February 2017

RESUMENLa lucha contra la construcción de autopistas urbanas ha sido un caso emblemático de la movilización ciudadana post-dictadura en la capital chilena, dando lugar a un debate sobre la justicia en la ciudad. Considerando que lo que distingue la desigualdad de la injusticia es que haya alguien para protestar o por lo menos constatar que esta desigualdad no es justa, nos enfocamos en estudiar los discursos y representaciones de la justicia. En este artículo analizamos, a partir del caso del proyecto de autopista Vespucio Oriente en Santiago de Chile, cómo se ha movilizado y ha ido evolucionando la noción de (in)justo en los discursos publicados en medios de prensa escritos.Palabras Clave: autopistas urbanas, justicia espacial, escalas.RESUMOA briga contra a construção de autoestradas urbanas foi um caso emblemático da mobilização de cidadãos poste-ditadura no capital chileno, dando lugar a um debate sobre a justiça na cidade. Considerando que o que distingue a desigualdade da injustiça é que há alguém para protestar ou pelo menos verificar que esta desigualdade não é justa, nós focalizamos estudando os discursos e representações da justiça. Neste artigo analisamos, a partir do caso do projeto de autoestrada Vespucio Oriente em Santiago do Chile, como foi mobilizada e evoluiu a noção de (em)justiça nos discursos publicados em imprensa escrita.Palavras-Chave: autoestradas urbanas, justiça espacial, balanças. ABSTRACTThe fight against the construction of urban highways has been an emblematic case of post-dictatorship citizen’s mobilizations in the Chilean capital and has given place to a debate on justice in the city. Considering that injustice is different from inequality as there is someone to protest or at least to state that this inequality is not fair, we focus in studying the discourses and representations of justice. In this article, we analyze, taking the case of the project of highway Vespucio Oriente in Santiago of Chile, how the notion of (in)justice has been mobilized and has evolved in the discourses published in written medias.Keywords: highways, spatial justice, scales.
Justiça, Conflitos Socio-espaciais, Resistência. Resgate Histórico e Construção das Identidades nas Cidades Latinoamericanas / Socio-Spatial Conflicts, Justice, Resistance. Historical Preservation and Construction of Identities in Latin American Cities
Authors: De Jesus Peixoto Faria Teresa , Musset Alain
Published: February 2017

Justiça, Conflitos Socio-espaciais, Resistência. Resgate Histórico e Construção das Identidades nas Cidades LatinoamericanasSocio-Spatial Conflicts, Justice, Resistance. Historical Preservation and Construction of Identities in Latin American Cities
A expansão da cana-de-açúcar na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul: o uso da técnica de NDVI como instrumento para evidenciar dinâmicas territoriais/ The expansion of the sugarcane in the hydrographic basin from Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul state: the use of NDVI technique as an instrument for evidencing territorial dynamics
Authors: Ferreira Patricia Silva , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: February 2017

RESUMOAs áreas de cana-de-açúcar vêm conquistando cada vez mais espaço para sua expansão, geralmente à custa da conversão de áreas agrícolas e de pastagem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar um roteiro metodológico para identificar e mapear as áreas de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar adotando como unidade de análise a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Brilhante – MS. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Landsat para construção dos cenários de 2001 e 2015. Para a classificação da cobertura vegetal foram empregadas técnicas de NDVI. Este estudo indica que o emprego de técnicas e ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto mostrou-se eficiente para identificar as características do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar.Palavras-chave: área plantada; sensoriamento remoto; mudança no uso da terra. RESUMENLas zonas de cultivo de la caña de azúcar vienen conquistando más y más espacio para su expansión, generalmente a expensas de la conversión de tierras de cultivo y pasto. El presente estudio presenta una metodología para identificar y mapear las zonas de cultivo de caña de azúcar, adoptando como unidad de análisis la cuenca del Rio Brilhante en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Utilizamos imágenes de satélite norteamericano TM-Landsat5 y OLI-Landsat8 para construir los escenarios de los años de 2001 y 2015, respectivamente, además, se emplearon técnicas Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) para la clasificación de la vegetación. Seguros estamos que el uso de herramientas y técnicas de detección alejada, como el NDVI, cuando trabajadas conjuntamente con la investigación de campo, demostraran ser eficaces para identificar las características del cultivo de la caña de azúcar. Palabras clave: zona cultivada; detección alejada; cambio de uso de la tierra. ABSTRACTThe areas of sugarcane cultivation have expanding, often at the expense of the agricultural and pasture areas. Under this perspective, this manuscript aims to present a methodological guide in order to identify and to map up the areas of sugarcane cultivation, whose unity of analysis was located in the surrounding area of the Rio Brilhante hydrographic basin. We aimed to identify the changes through TM-Landsat5 and OLI-Landsat8 satellite pictures by comparing the scenarios from the years of 2001 and 2015, respectively. The classification of the vegetation was made through the technique of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Thus, this study points that the use of some techniques and remote sensing tools, like NDVI, when used together with the field research, are extremely efficient for identifying the areas of the sugarcane cultivation..Keywords: cropland; remote sensing; land use change.
L’épreuve relationnelle de la maladie d’Alzheimer : orientations de la prise en charge et transformation des relations familiales
Authors: Pamela Miceli
Published: February 2017

Nous abordons les rapports complexes entre, d’une part, la relation filiale et conjugale et, d’autre part, la prise en charge familiale de la maladie d’Alzheimer à un stade avancé. Nous montrerons que dans certaines situations, la maladie bouleverse autant l’expérience relationnelle que la relation familiale oriente et encadre les modalités d’exercice des activités d’aide et les décisions de la vie quotidienne. Afin de mettre en évidence cette double dynamique, nous retenons trois dilemmes auxquels sont régulièrement confrontés les proches des malades, et qui interpellent tout particulièrement l’expérience de la relation familiale en contexte de maladie et de fin de vie. Il s’agit de l’exercice de la toilette et des soins personnels, du recours aux structures d’hébergement et, enfin, de l’intervention dans la vie privée du malade. Ces analyses, fondées sur l’analyse qualitative d’une vingtaine de monographies réalisées dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat (Miceli, 2013), contribuent à éclairer le « travail relationnel » dans lequel s’engagent de très nombreux proches, conjoints et enfants, de personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer ou apparentée.
Familles et communautés face aux « grappes localisées » de suicides de jeunes : deux exemples en populations québécoise et autochtone
Authors: Guillaume Grandazzi
Published: February 2017

À partir d’entretiens réalisés dans deux localités au Québec, dont une en milieu autochtone, touchées par des grappes localisées de suicide de jeunes, les représentations et les répercussions de ces évènements sont interrogées. L’objectivation d’une série de suicides dans un temps et un lieu donnés ne suffit pas à qualifier le phénomène, qui renvoie à une réalité à la fois physique et sociale, et qui fait l’objet d’un processus de construction sociale. Celui-ci va contribuer ou non à transformer plusieurs tragédies individuelles et familiales en enjeu collectif qui concerne et interpelle l’ensemble de la collectivité affectée. Au-delà de la proximité temporelle et géographique des cas de suicides, c’est le fait que le phénomène atteigne des adolescents et des jeunes adultes, dans des proportions parfois importantes, qui interpelle profondément les communautés concernées et qui oblige les adultes à se questionner sur les raisons pour lesquelles une partie de la jeunesse manifeste, au travers de l’acte suicidaire, une grande vulnérabilité qui ébranle les fondements de la vie sociale et de la transmission intergénérationnelle.
Intervention éducative contrainte : relations entre familles et professionnels intervenant à domicile
Authors: Bernadette Tillard  , Bernard Vallerie  , Anna Rurka
Published: February 2017

Les interventions éducatives à domicile en France restent très majoritairement des mesures judiciaires qui s’imposent aux familles. Comment les parents acceptent-ils et perçoivent-ils les professionnels qui s’immiscent dans leur intimité dans l’objectif de veiller à la protection de leurs enfants ? Nous avons rencontré quinze familles, deux fois chacune, à un an d’intervalle. Ces familles avaient en commun de faire l’objet de plusieurs interventions simultanées dans leur espace domestique : celle d’un éducateur spécialisé dans le cadre d’une mesure éducative et celle d’une technicienne d’intervention sociale et familiale (TISF). Les résultats montrent que la collaboration des familles dans un contexte contraint diffère selon la nature de l’activité. Ce critère s’inscrit dans un ensemble d’autres facteurs connus et confirmés par l’étude.
Quelle communication pour la société du risque ? Des expérimentations méthodologiques pour développer une culture du risque1
Authors: Lolive Jacques , Okamura Cintia
Published: February 2017

Nous présentons la problématique d’une recherche en cours, une collaboration franco-brésilienne entre quatre laboratoires : le PACTE et le Centre de Recherche sur L’Espace Sonore et l’envrionnement urbain (CRESSON), côté français, et l’Agence environnementale de l’État de São Paulo (CETESB) et la Faculté de Santé publique de l’Université de São Paulo (FSP USP), côté brésilien. Cette recherche vise à développer une culture du risque chez les populations exposées des zones à risque de São Paulo et sa région pour rendre plus habitables ces zones inhospitalières. Nous exposerons d’abord la problématique, centrée sur la notion de société du risque, qui analyse ce nouveau milieu de vie des humains et explique pourquoi l’habiter y est devenu problématique. Puis nous justifierons l’objectif central de la recherche, c’est-à-dire le développement d’une culture du risque capable de s’adapter à la société du risque pour renforcer l’habitabilité. Enfin, nous ferons une présentation des méthodes sensibles et participatives que nous pourrions expérimenter pour nous rapprocher de cet objectif.
Barriers to the Accessibility and Continuity of Health-Care Services in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chiu Chungyi , Bishop Malachy , Pionke J.J. , Strauser David , Santens Ryan L.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) face a range of barriers to accessing and using health-care services. The aim of this review was to identify specific barriers to accessing and using health-care services based on a continuum of the health-care delivery system.

Methods:

Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. The following terms were searched as subject headings, key words, or abstracts: health care, access, barriers, physical disability, and multiple sclerosis. The literature search produced 361 potentially relevant citations. After screening titles, abstracts, and citations, eight citations were selected for full-text review.

Results:

Health-care barriers were divided into three continuous phases of receiving health care. In the before-visit phase, the most commonly identified barrier was transportation. In the during-visit phase, communication quality was the major concern. In the after-visit phase, discontinued referral was the major barrier encountered.

Conclusions:

There are multiple interrelated barriers to accessing and using health-care services along the health-care delivery continuum for people with MS and its associated physical disabilities, ranging from complex and long-recognized barriers that will likely require extended advocacy to create policy changes to issues that can and should be addressed through relatively minor changes in health-care delivery practices, improved care coordination, and increased provider awareness, education, and responsiveness to patients' needs.
Requirement of myomaker-mediated stem cell fusion for skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Goh Qingnian , Millay Douglas P
Published: February 2017

Fusion of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells is required for proper development and regeneration, however the significance of this process during adult muscle hypertrophy has not been explored. In response to muscle overload after synergist ablation in mice, we show that myomaker, a muscle specific membrane protein essential for myoblast fusion, is activated mainly in muscle progenitors and not myofibers. We rendered muscle progenitors fusion-incompetent through genetic deletion of myomaker in muscle stem cells and observed a complete reduction of overload-induced hypertrophy. This blunted hypertrophic response was associated with a reduction in Akt and p70s6k signaling and protein synthesis, suggesting a link between myonuclear accretion and activation of pro-hypertrophic pathways. Furthermore, fusion-incompetent muscle exhibited increased fibrosis after muscle overload, indicating a protective role for normal stem cell activity in reducing myofiber strain associated with hypertrophy. These findings reveal an essential contribution of myomaker-mediated stem cell fusion during physiological adult muscle hypertrophy.
Advanced Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Takase Nobuhisa , Suzuki Satoshi , Nakamura Tetsu , Yamamoto Masashi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamashita Kimihiro , Oshikiri Taro , Sumi Yasuo , Kanemitsu Kiyonori , Kuroda Daisuke , Koma Yu-ichiro , Kanzawa Maki , Yokozaki Hiroshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro
Published: February 2017

Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare esophageal tumor histologically defined as a well-differentiated subtype. We present a rare case that was diagnosed as esophageal VSCC preoperatively. A 62-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital for further evaluation, presenting with anorexia and postcibal vomiting. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination showed esophageal stricture with white-colored papillary nodules in the lower esophagus. We performed repeated superficial endoscopic biopsies of the lesion, but the histologic findings showed nonspecific changes. With an endoscopic boring biopsy, the lesion showed an endophytic growth pattern, well-differentiated SCC with minimal cellular atypia and rare mitosis, and mature squamous epithelium with extensive keratinization. We preoperatively diagnosed the lesion as esophageal VSCC, and we performed a video-assisted thoracoscopic subtotal esophagectomy and cardiectomy with the patient in the prone position. Histologic findings revealed that the invasive well-differentiated SCC extended into the esophageal adventitia and the stomach wall with a pushing border. Regional lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion were negative. The expression of Ki-67 was distributed mainly in the basal cells rather than parabasal cells. Without a conclusive diagnosis, a certain degree of diagnostic prediction is possible by understanding the clinical manifestations, macroscopic form, and histology around the basal cells. It is helpful to obtain the high accuracy provided by an endoscopic biopsy including the basal layer to avoid the diagnostic dilemma that is often presented by esophageal VSCC.
Dioleoyl‐phosphatidic acid selectively binds to α‐synuclein and strongly induces its aggregation
Authors: Mizuno Satoru , Sasai Hirotaka , Kume Aiko , Takahashi Daisuke , Satoh Mamoru , Kado Sayaka , Sakane Fumio
Published: February 2017

α‐Synuclein (α‐syn), which causally links to Parkinson's disease, binds to vesicles containing phosphatidic acid (PA). However, the effects of the fatty acyl chains of PA on its ability to bind to α‐syn protein remain unclear. Intriguingly, we reveal that among several PA species, 18:1/18:1‐PA is the most strongly bound PA to the α‐syn protein. Moreover, 18:1/18:1‐PA more strongly enhances secondary structural changes from the random coil form to the α‐helical form than 16:0/18:1‐PA. Furthermore, 18:1/18:1‐PA more markedly accelerates generation of multimeric and proteinase K‐resistant α‐syn protein compared to 16:0/18:1‐PA. These results indicate that among phospholipids examined so far, 18:1/18:1‐PA demonstrates the strongest binding to α‐syn, as well as the most effective enhancement of its secondary structural changes and aggregation formation.
Reconstruction of Indian summer monsoon winds and precipitation over the past 10,000 years using equatorial pacific SST proxy records
Authors: Gill Emily C. , Rajagopalan Balaji , Molnar Peter H. , Kushnir Yochanan , Marchitto Thomas M.
Published: February 2017

Using a multiproxy reduced dimension methodology, we reconstruct fields of Arabian Sea summer wind stress curl and Indian monsoon rainfall anomalies since early Holocene using sea surface temperature (SST) proxies (Mg/Ca and alkenones) from 27 locations scattered across the equatorial Pacific. Reconstructions of summer wind stress curl reveal positive anomalies of ∼30% greater than present day off the coastlines of Oman and Yemen at 10 ka, suggesting enhanced ocean upwelling and an enhanced monsoon jet during this time. Positive wind stress curl anomalies in these regions continued but weakened to ∼12% greater than present day at 6 ka. Wind stress curl anomalies increased by about 8% from 6 to 4 ka but declined again until 2 ka. Positive anomalies in wind stress curl during the early to middle Holocene are consistent with greater early Holocene abundances of the upwelling indicator Globigerina bulloides in the western Arabian Sea, which accumulates most rapidly in present climates during periods of marked upwelling. Spatial rainfall reconstructions reveal the greatest difference in precipitation at 10 ka over the core monsoon region (∼20–60% greater than present day) and concurrently the greatest deficit in rainfall in North East India and on the eastern side of the Western Ghats (∼10–30% less than present day). Specifically, reconstructions for 10 ka reveal 40–60% greater rainfall than present day over northwest India. These findings advance the hypothesis that teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific contributed to, if not accounted for, greater early to middle Holocene wetness over India as recorded by various (e.g., cave, lacustrine, and discharge) paleoclimate proxies throughout the monsoon region.
Sandwich‐Like Nanocomposite of CoNiOx/Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Ping , Zeng Hua Chun
Published: February 2017

The development of cost‐effective and high‐performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for sustainable energy storage and conversion processes. This study reports a novel and facile approach to the hierarchical‐structured sheet‐on‐sheet sandwich‐like nanocomposite of CoNiO
x
/reduced graphene oxide as highly active electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Notably, the as‐prepared composite can operate smoothly both in 0.1 and 1.0 m KOH alkaline media, displaying extremely low overpotentials, fast kinetics, and strong durability over long‐term continuous electrolysis. Impressively, it is found that its catalytic activity can be further promoted by anodic conditioning owing to the in situ generation of electrocatalytic active species (i.e., metal hydroxide/(oxy)hydroxides) and the enriched oxygen deficiencies at the surface. The achieved ultrahigh performance is unmatched by most of the transition‐metal/nonmetal‐based catalysts reported so far, and even better than the state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal catalysts, which can be attributed to its special well‐defined physicochemical textural features including hierarchical architecture, large surface area, porous thin nanosheets constructed from CoNiO
x
nanoparticles (≈5 nm in size), and the incorporation of charge‐conducting graphene. This work provides a promising strategy to develop earth‐abundant advanced OER electrocatalysts to replace noble metals for a multitude of renewable energy technologies.
2D Monoelemental Arsenene, Antimonene, and Bismuthene: Beyond Black Phosphorus
Authors: Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: February 2017

Two‐dimensional materials are responsible for changing research in materials science. After graphene and its counterparts, graphane, fluorographene, and others were introduced, waves of renewed interest in 2D binary compounds occurred, such as in metal oxides, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (most often represented by MoS2), metal oxy/hydroxide borides, and MXenes, to name the most prominent. Recently, interest has turned to two‐dimensional monoelemental structures, such as monolayer black phosphorus and, very recently, to monolayer arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Here, a short overview is provided of the area of exponentially increasing research in arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, which belong to the fifth main group of elements, the so‐called pnictogens. A short review of historical work is provided, the properties of bulk allotropes of As, Sb, and Bi discussed, and then theoretical and experimental research on mono‐ and few‐layered arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene addressed, discussing their structures and properties.
Smectic Layer Origami via Preprogrammed Photoalignment
Authors: Ma Ling‐Ling , Tang Ming‐Jie , Hu Wei , Cui Ze‐Qun , Ge Shi‐Jun , Chen Peng , Chen Lu‐Jian , Qian Hao , Chi Li‐Feng , Lu Yan‐Qing
Published: February 2017

Hierarchical architecture is of vital importance in soft materials. Focal conic domains (FCDs) of smectic liquid crystals, characterized by an ordered lamellar structure, attract intensive attention. Simultaneously tailoring the geometry and clustering characteristics of FCDs remains a challenge. Here, the 3D smectic layer origami via a 2D preprogrammed photoalignment film is accomplished. Full control of hierarchical superstructures is demonstrated, including the domain size, shape, and orientation, and the lattice symmetry of fragmented toric FCDs. The unique symmetry breaking of resultant superstructures combined with the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystals induces an intriguing polarization‐dependent diffraction. This work broadens the scientific understanding of self‐assembled soft materials and may inspire new opportunities for advanced functional materials and devices.
Stable p–i–n FAPbBr3 Devices with Improved Efficiency Using Sputtered ZnO as Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Subbiah Anand S. , Agarwal Sumanshu , Mahuli Neha , Nair Pradeep , van Hest Maikel , Sarkar Shaibal K.
Published: February 2017

Radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering is demonstrated as an effective tool to deposit highly crystalline thin zinc oxide (ZnO) layer directly on perovskite absorber as an electron transport layer (ETL). As an absorber, formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr3) is fabricated through a modified single‐step solution process using hydrogen bromide (HBr) as an additive resulting in complete surface coverage and highly crystalline material. A planar p–i–n device architecture with spin‐coated poly‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐styrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport material (HTM) and sputtered ZnO as ETL results in a short circuit current density of 9.5 mA cm−2 and an open circuit potential of 1.19 V. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the underlying loss mechanisms. The use of phenyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interface layer between FAPbBr3 and sputter‐coated ZnO offers shielding from potential plasma‐related interface damage. The modified interface results in a better device efficiency of 8.3% with an open circuit potential of 1.35 V. Such devices offer better stability under continuous illumination under ambient conditions in comparison with the conventional organic ETL (PCBM)‐based devices.
Highly active and selective Co‐based Fischer–Tropsch catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Pei Yanpeng , Li Zhong , Li Yingwei
Published: February 2017

The design of supported Co‐based Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) catalysts with suitable reducibility, dispersion, loading, and nanoparticle structure is necessary so that high catalytic activity and selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons can be achieved. Herein, we report that pyrolyzing a Co‐metal–organic framework‐71 precursor can provide porous carbon‐supported Co catalysts with completely reduced, well‐dispersed face‐centered cubic (FCC) Co nanoparticles (∼10 nm in average size). The catalysts can be further tailored dimensionally by doping with Si species, and the FCC Co nanoparticles can be partially transformed into hexagonal close‐packed Co via a Co2C intermediate. All the as‐prepared catalysts had extremely high Co site density (>3.5 × 10−4 mol/g‐cat.) because they had a high number of Co active sites and low mass. Aside from having high F–T activity and C5+ selectivity, with diesel fuels being the main constituents, they showed unprecedentedly high C5+ space time yields (up to 1.45 g/(g‐cat. h)) as compared to conventional Co catalysts. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2935–2944, 2017
Gastrointestinal involvement in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Authors: Fikree Asma , Chelimsky Gisela , Collins Heidi , Kovacic Katcha , Aziz Qasim
Published: February 2017

Current evidence suggests that an association exists between non‐inflammatory hereditary disorders of connective tissue such as the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Patients with EDS can present with both structural problems such as hiatus hernias, visceroptosis, rectoceles, and rectal prolapse as well as functional problems such as disordered gut motility. It has recently been demonstrated that patients with hypermobile EDS (hEDS) present with GI symptoms related to the fore and hind‐gut and these patients frequently meet the criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Presence of GI symptoms in EDS patients influences their quality of life. Specific evidence based management guidelines for the management of GI symptoms in EDS patients do not exist and these patients are often treated symptomatically. There is, however, recognition that certain precautions need to be taken for those patients undergoing surgical treatment. Future studies are required to identify the mechanisms that lead to GI symptoms in patients with EDS and more specific treatment guidelines are required. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Ylide Functionalization to Stabilize Boron Cations
Authors: Scherpf Thorsten , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: February 2017

The metalated ylide YNa [Y=(Ph3PCSO2Tol)−] was employed as X,L‐donor ligand for the preparation of a series of boron cations. Treatment of the bis‐ylide functionalized borane Y2BH with different trityl salts or B(C6F5)3 for hydride abstraction readily results in the formation of the bis‐ylide functionalized boron cation [Y−B−Y]+ (2). The high donor capacity of the ylide ligands allowed the isolation of the cationic species and its characterization in solution as well as in solid state. DFT calculations demonstrate that the cation is efficiently stabilized through electrostatic effects as well as π‐donation from the ylide ligands, which results in its high stability. Despite the high stability of 2 [Y−B−Y]+ serves as viable source for the preparation of further borenium cations of type Y2B+←LB by addition of Lewis bases such as amines and amides. Primary and secondary amines react to tris(amino)boranes via N−H activation across the B−C bond.
Tin powder‐promoted diastereoselective allylation of chiral acylhydrazones
Authors: Peng Xiansha , Wang Ke‐Hu , Huang Danfeng , Wang Juanjuan , Wang Yalin , Su Yingpeng , Hu Yulai , Fu Ying
Published: February 2017

An efficient method for the allylation of chiral acylhydrazones derived from aldehydes has been developed to give the corresponding allylic hydrazides in good yields and diastereoselectivities. The method uses a combination of tin powder and allylic bromide as allylation system, which avoids the use of toxic allylic stannanes while retaining their merits.
Crystallinity and surface state of cellulose in wet ball‐milling process
Authors: Nemoto Shimpei , Ueno Tomonaga , Watthanaphanit Anyarat , Hieda Junko , Saito Nagahiro
Published: February 2017

We report the effect of wet ball‐milling process under mild neutral salt conditions on the alteration of crystallinity and surface state of microcrystalline cellulose (MC). The ball‐milling experiments were performed when the MC was immersed in H2O, NaCl aqueous solution, and KCl aqueous solution. Two collation groups, i.e., MC immersed in H2O2 and nonimmersed MC were additionally investigated for comparison. Except when H2O2 was present, the highest decrease in the cellulose crystallinity index (CI) was observed in dilute KCl. On the other hand, the CI of wet‐milled MC/NaCl was greater than that of the wet‐milled MC/H2O, however, still lower than that of the non‐immersed MC. XPS results showed that the carbonization progressed in dry‐milled MC and wet‐milled MC/NaCl surfaces. Though, the surface oxidization progressed in wet‐milled MC/H2O and wet‐milled MC/KCl. Lastly, the ball‐milling processes in different solutions led to various decreases of the crystallinity and the surface degradation due to carbonization and/or oxidization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44903.
Extraction resistance and mechanism of a macromolecular hindered phenol antioxidant in natural rubber
Authors: Wu Wenjian , Li Hongqiang , Yang Shuyan , Lai Xuejun , Fan Hongbo , Cai Haining , Zeng Xingrong
Published: February 2017

Due to low thermal stability, poor migration, and extraction resistances, the antioxidant with low molecular weight is easy to physically lose during processing and long‐term service, and its applications are severely restricted. To increase the molecular weight of antioxidant is one of the promising methods to overcome such drawbacks. In this study, the extraction resistance of a macromolecular antioxidant, namely polyhydroxylated polybutadiene containing thioether binding 2,2′‐thiobis(4‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) (PHPBT‐b‐TPH), was investigated by extraction resistance test and equilibrium swelling experiment. The results exhibited that the PHPBT‐b‐TPH offered much better extraction resistance in natural rubber (NR) than the low molecular weight antioxidant TPH. In addition, the extraction resistance of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polypropylene glycol (PPG) in NR were also compared to study the extraction mechanism of the PHPBT‐b‐TPH. It was found that the higher molecular weight of PHPBT‐b‐TPH and the co‐vulcanization between PHPBT‐b‐TPH and NR were the main reasons for the excellent extraction resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44905.
Evidence of clandestine harvest and failure of conservation policies for Argopecten purpuratus in the Rinconada Marine Reserve (Chile)
Authors: Avendaño Miguel , Cantillánez Marcela , Thouzeau Gérard
Published: February 2017

The study of Argopecten purpuratus reproduction, post‐larval settlement, stock size, and population size structure and shell growth was undertaken in the 2000s in the Rinconada marine reserve (Chile) to evaluate the effectiveness of scallop recruitment and self‐sustainability.

The results highlight strong seasonal and inter‐annual variations of environmental conditions and scallop gonadosomatic index, spat collection, benthic distribution, total abundance and population size structure.

The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 120.12 mm and K = 0.9681; commercial size would be reached in about 17.2 months in the bay. Substrate availability, meteorological conditions, hydrodynamics and illegal harvesting explain spatial and temporal variations in scallop distribution and abundance.

Recruitment strength depends on one main cohort from year to year. While recruitment made up 81% and 94% of total abundances in May 2002 and May 2003, respectively, there were no overall density‐dependent relationships between stock size and recruitment. Spawning asynchrony in the bay supports the hypothesis that multiple gamete releases form part of a reproductive strategy in response to environmental variability.

The massive disappearance of large‐sized scallops during the study periods was direct evidence of overfishing owing to clandestine harvesting within the marine reserve. The failure of current legislation, strategies and policies for scallop conservation requires new regulations to restore scallop stock size, maintain its reproductive performance and limit illegal harvesting in the Rinconada.

A scenario allowing harvesting regulated by stock‐dependent fishing quotas would more efficiently ensure stock recovery and self‐sustainability. The modalities of this new policy are discussed.
Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)
Authors: Emura Kenji , Arakawa Takamitsu , Terashima Toshio
Published: February 2017

To elucidate the forelimb phylogeny of primates, anatomical analysis of the brachial plexus in platyrrhines is beneficial. In the present study, six brachial plexuses and the surrounding arteries of four common marmosets were dissected. In five specimens, the brachial plexus consisted of five ventral rami from the fifth cervical nerve (C5) to the first thoracic nerve (T1). In one specimen, the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve joined with the brachial plexus. In five specimens, the upper trunk was composed of C5 and the sixth cervical nerve (C6). In one specimen, the ventral division of C6 merged with the ventral branch of the middle trunk to constitute the lateral cord. The seventh cervical nerve constituted the middle trunk, and the eighth cervical nerve and T1 formed the lower trunk in all specimens. The lateral cord gave rise to the musculocutaneous nerve, and the remaining component merged with the medial cord. The confluence of the lateral and medial cords immediately bifurcated into the median and ulnar nerves. These branching patterns of the musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves were consistent and similar to the human counterparts. In the dorsal division, the single posterior cord as observed in the human brachial plexus was not observed. The axillary artery did not pass between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve, and the axillary artery bifurcated into the brachial artery and the superficial brachial artery. Anat Rec, 300:1299–1306, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zero‐inflated spatio‐temporal models for disease mapping
Authors: Torabi Mahmoud
Published: February 2017

In this paper, our aim is to analyze geographical and temporal variability of disease incidence when spatio‐temporal count data have excess zeros. To that end, we consider random effects in zero‐inflated Poisson models to investigate geographical and temporal patterns of disease incidence. Spatio‐temporal models that employ conditionally autoregressive smoothing across the spatial dimension and B‐spline smoothing over the temporal dimension are proposed. The analysis of these complex models is computationally difficult from the frequentist perspective. On the other hand, the advent of the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm has made the Bayesian analysis of complex models computationally convenient. Recently developed data cloning method provides a frequentist approach to mixed models that is also computationally convenient. We propose to use data cloning, which yields to maximum likelihood estimation, to conduct frequentist analysis of zero‐inflated spatio‐temporal modeling of disease incidence. One of the advantages of the data cloning approach is that the prediction and corresponding standard errors (or prediction intervals) of smoothing disease incidence over space and time is easily obtained. We illustrate our approach using a real dataset of monthly children asthma visits to hospital in the province of Manitoba, Canada, during the period April 2006 to March 2010. Performance of our approach is also evaluated through a simulation study.