bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (IRF1) in Overcoming Antiestrogen Resistance in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Schwartz J. L. , Shajahan A. N. , Clarke R.
Published: July 2011

Resistance to endocrine therapy is common among breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ER+) tumors and limits the success of this therapeutic strategy. While the mechanisms that regulate endocrine responsiveness and cell fate are not fully understood, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) is strongly implicated as a key regulatory node in the underlying signaling network. IRF1 is a tumor suppressor that mediates cell fate by facilitating apoptosis and can do so with or without functional p53. Expression of IRF1 is downregulated in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, protecting these cells from IRF1-induced inhibition of proliferation and/or induction of cell death. Nonetheless, when IRF1 expression is induced following IFNγtreatment, antiestrogen sensitivity is restored by a process that includes the inhibition of prosurvival BCL2 family members and caspase activation. These data suggest that a combination of endocrine therapy and compounds that effectively induce IRF1 expression may be useful for the treatment of many ER+ breast cancers. By understanding IRF1 signaling in the context of endocrine responsiveness, we may be able to develop novel therapeutic strategies and better predict how patients will respond to endocrine therapy.
Spontaneous Transient Lateral Thoracic Lung Herniation Resulting in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Subsequent Contralateral Lung Injury
Authors: Kaliyadan Antony , Kebede Amal , Ali Tabassum , Karchevsky Michael , Vasseur Bernard , patel Nirav
Published: July 2011

Lung herniation is a relatively rare clinical entity that is most commonly either congenital or acquired traumatically. We describe a case of spontaneous lung herniation secondary to acute cough in an obese male smoker complicated by contralateral acute lung injury and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Mechanisms of lung herniation, classification, diagnosis, and management will be discussed.
Eigenvalue Approach to Even Order System Periodic Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Kong Qingkai , Wang Min
Published: July 2011

We study an even order systemboundary value problemwith periodic boundary conditions. By establishing the existence of a positive eigenvalue of an associated linear system Sturm-Liouville problem, we obtain new conditions for the boundary value problem to have a positive solution. Our major tools are the Krein-Rutman theorem for linear spectra and the fixed point index theory for compact operators
K-theory for ring C*-algebras attached to polynomial rings over finite fields
Authors: Cuntz Joachim , Li Xin
Published: July 2011

We compute the K-theory of ring C*-algebras for polynomial rings over finite fields. The key ingredient is a duality theorem which we had obtained in a previous paper. It allows us to show that the K-theory of these algebras has a ring structure and to determine explicit generators. Our main result also reveals striking similarities between the number field case and the function field case.
Multiplicativity of the JLO-character
Authors: Uuye Otgonbayar
Published: July 2011

We prove that the Jaffe–Lesniewski–Osterwalder character is compatible with the

A_{\infty}

-structure of Getzler and Jones.
The cyclic theory of Hopf algebroids
Authors: Kowalzig Niels , Posthuma Hessel
Published: July 2011

We give a systematic description of the cyclic cohomology theory of Hopf alge\-broids in terms of its associated category of modules. Then we introduce a dual cyclic homology theory by applying cyclic duality to the underlying cocyclic object. We derive general structure theorems for these theories in the special cases of commutative and cocommutative Hopf algebroids. Finally, we compute the cyclic theory in examples associated to Lie–Rinehart algebras and étale groupoids.
Multiplicity Results for Classes of Infinite Positone Problems
Authors: Ko Eunkyung , Lee Eun Kyoung , Shivaji R.
Published: July 2011

We study positive solutions to the singular boundary value problem

\left\{\begin{alignedat}{2}-\Delta_p u &= \lambda \frac{f(u)}{u^\beta}& \quad &\text{in}~\Omega \\ u &= 0 & \quad &\text{on}~\partial \Omega, \end{alignedat}\right.

where

\Delta_p u =

div

(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)

,

p > 1, \lambda > 0, \beta \in (0,1)

and

\Omega

is a bounded domain in

\mathbb{R}^{N}, N \geq 1.

Here

f:~[0, \infty)\rightarrow (0, \infty)

is a continuous nondecreasing function such that

\lim_{u\rightarrow \infty} \frac{f(u)}{u^{\beta+p-1}}= 0.

We establish the existence of multiple positive solutions for certain range of

\lambda

when

f

satisfies certain additional assumptions. A simple model that will satisfy our hypotheses is

f(u)=e^{\frac{\alpha u}{\alpha+u}}

for

\alpha \gg 1.

We also extend our results to classes of systems when the nonlinearities satisfy a combined sublinear condition at infinity. We prove our results by the method of sub-supersolutions.
A Note on Homogenization of Advection-Diffusion Problems with Large Expected Drift
Authors: Henning Patrick , Ohlberger Mario
Published: July 2011

This contribution is concerned homogenization of linear advection-diffusion problems with rapidly oscillating coefficient functions and large expected drift. Even though the homogenization of this type of problems is generally well known, there are several details that have not yet been treated explicitly or even not been treated at all. Here, we will have a special look at uniqueness, regularity, boundedness and equivalent formulations of the homogenized equation. In particular, we generalize results of Allaire and Raphael [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 344 (2007)(8), 523–528] and Donato and Piatnitski [Multi Scale Problems and Asymptotic Analysis. Tokyo: Gakkotosho 2006, pp. 153–165]. The results obtained in this contribution are of special interest for the numerical analysis of multi-scale schemes to approximate the analytic solutions.
Concentration-Compactness Principle for Generalized Trudinger Inequalities
Authors: Černý Robert , Gurka Petr , Hencl Stanislav
Published: July 2011

Let

\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n

,

n\geq 2

, be a bounded domain and let

\alpha < n-1

. We prove the Concentration-Compactness Principle for the embedding of the Orlicz-Sobolev space

W^1_0L^n\log^{\alpha}L(\Omega)

into the Orlicz space with the Young function

\exp\big(t^{\frac{n}{n-1-\alpha}}\big)-1

.
Wii Health: A Preliminary Study of the Health and Wellness Benefits of Wii Fit on University Students
Authors: Jacobs Karen , Zhu Linda , Dawes Monique , Franco Jessie , Huggins Alison , Igari Cancha , Ranta Becky , Umez-Eronini Amarachi
Published: July 2011

Objective:

The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the effectiveness of the Nintendo Wii Fit as an occupation to promote weight loss in undergraduate students.

Participants:

Five first-year female students living on campus at a northeastern university in the United States were recruited to participate in this study.

Method:

An A-B single subject design was created where participants were separated into three groups: a typical activity group and two Wii conditions (Wii Fit individually and Wii Fit with another participant). In all conditions, participants recorded their daily food intake and daily number of steps using a pedometer. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were recorded at baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks (the conclusion of the intervention). At baseline and 12 weeks, motivation and activity level were measured.

Results:

There was a significant change in BMI, weight and motivation for participants in the singles group.

Conclusion:

Although the sample size was very small, the results of this preliminary study suggest that the Wii Fit should be considered by occupational therapists as a potential occupation of weight control in undergraduate students when performed individually.
Mindfulness Training for Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Stew Graham
Published: July 2011

Introduction:

This article describes the experiences of occupational therapy students over the course of three mindfulness programmes, designed to support them in managing stress in their personal and professional lives.

Method:

Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore the experiences and perceptions of 20 students undertaking these introductory programmes of mindfulness. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires and emails.

Findings:

Five themes are presented to demonstrate the effects of mindfulness on students' personal lives, academic work and practice placements. Obstacles to mindfulness practice were found, alongside evidence of benefits in enhanced self-awareness and insight into habitual thought patterns. Techniques for managing stressful situations were used successfully.

Conclusion:

Implications arising from the study are discussed, including the potential for the future inclusion of mindfulness training within the occupational therapy curriculum.
Innovation and Creativity: Exploring Human Occupation and Professional Development in Student Education
Authors: Collins Mick , Harrison Deborah , Mason Rosemarie , Lowden Andrew
Published: July 2011

This short evaluation report discusses the development of a creative project that encourages student-centred learning. Year 3 occupational therapy students are given the opportunity to explore occupational science theories, applied to an area of human activity through creative media, such as film making, poetry, textiles, animation and photography. Student evaluation of the project identified its value as a highly stimulating learning encounter. The article outlines the educational underpinnings for the project and how the use of creativity enables students to develop their understanding of human occupation, which informs their professional socialisation and identity.
The Changing Role of Occupational Therapy in Vocational Rehabilitation: Reflections on an Evaluation of Condition Management Programmes
Authors: Reagon Carly
Published: July 2011

This article considers the role of occupational therapy in vocational rehabilitation in the United Kingdom over the past decade, with a focus on Condition Management Programmes (CMPs). Drawing on findings from an evaluation of three CMPs in Wales, it suggests ways in which occupational therapy is well suited to this area of rehabilitation, before considering ways in which the profession can contribute to government and organisational reform such as the Work Programme and Work Choice. The article also reflects on the changing culture surrounding work, illness and disability and its relevance for the theory of occupation.
Interactive effects of light and temperature on iron limitation in a marine diatom: Implications for marine productivity and carbon cycling
Authors: Sunda William G. , Huntsman Susan A.
Published: July 2011

We examined effects of light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature on iron uptake rates, cellular iron : carbon (Fe : C) ratios, chlorophyll a, and specific growth rate in the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Decreasing any of these variables decreased growth and increased the cellular Fe : C ratio needed to support a given growth rate. However, because iron‐limited growth rates (μ) and iron‐sufficient growth rates (μmax) decreased by similar relative amounts, relationships between the relative degree of iron limitation (μ/μmax) and the mean daily concentration of biologically available dissolved inorganic iron species (mean [Fe′]) varied little, as we had observed previously in three other algal species with varying light intensity. Thus, one might expect changes in light and temperature to have only a minimal effect on iron limitation in the ocean. However, because increasing light can increase [Fe′] via photolysis of ferric chelates and resulting iron redox cycling, light increases can decrease iron limitation of algal growth rate, an effect we observed here for diatom growth in media containing Fe chelates with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). This photochemical effect is enhanced at low temperatures, which should increase algal growth rates in cold water regions of the ocean, where growth is often limited by an insufficient supply of iron. This effect could increase the ocean's biological carbon pump and thereby decrease CO2‐linked greenhouse warming. But this cold water enhancement of iron availability may be countered by ongoing global warming, generating a potential positive feedback that further increases atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures.
Geochemical evidence for iron‐mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane
Authors: Sivan Orit , Adler Michal , Pearson Ann , Gelman Faina , Bar-Or Itay , John Seth G. , Eckert Werner
Published: July 2011

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by sulfate has been recognized as a critical process to maintain this greenhouse gas stability by limiting methane flux to the atmosphere. We show geochemical evidence for AOM in deep lake sediments and demonstrate that AOM is likely driven by iron (Fe) reduction. Pore‐water profiles from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee, Israel) show that this sink for methane is located below the 20‐cm depth in the sediment, which is well below the depths at which nitrate and sulfate are completely exhausted, as well as below the zone of methanogenesis. Iron‐dependant AOM was verified by Fe(III)‐amended mesocosm studies using intact sediment cores, and native iron oxides were detectable throughout the sediments. Because anaerobic Fe(III) respiration is thermodynamically more favorable than both sulfate‐dependent methanotrophy and methanogenesis, its occurrence below the zone of methane production supports the idea that reduction of sedimentary iron oxides is kinetically or biologically limited. Similar conditions are likely to prevail in other incompletely pyritized aquatic sediments, indicating that AOM with Fe(III) is an important global sink for methane.
Local Government System in Bangladesh: How Far is it Decentralised?
Authors: Panday Pranab Kumar
Published: July 2011

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the power decentralisation process at the local level in Bangladesh. More specifically, this paper intends to explore whether or not the much needed autonomy has been built into the decentralisation process. The paper is basically based on the review of secondary materials. However, efforts have been made to consult all the available local government commission reports. The study findings suggest that, despite having Constitutional recognition of the establishment of a strong and independent local government system, the political leadership of Bangladesh has initiated different reforms to bring changes to the structure of the Local Government Institutions (LGIs) in the name of decentralisation. However, the main intentions behind most of the reforms have been to strengthen their political base in the particular area. As a result, these institutions could not be established as a focal point of development where people would have the power to monitor and control their constituencies.
Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric ozone transport
Authors: Monier E. , Weare B. C.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. A thorough analysis of the ozone transport was carried out using the Transformed-Mean Eulerian (TEM) tracer continuity equation and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40). In this budget analysis, the chemical net production term, which is calculated as the residual of the other terms, displays the correct features of a chemical sink and source term, including location and seasonality, and shows good agreement in magnitude compared to other methods of calculating ozone loss rates. This study provides further insight into the role of the eddy ozone transport and underlines its fundamental role in the recovery of the ozone hole during spring. The trend analysis reveals that the ozone hole intensification over the 1980–2001 period is not solely related to the trend in chemical losses, but more specifically to the balance between the trends in chemical losses and ozone transport. That is because, in the Southern Hemisphere from October to December, the large increase in the chemical destruction of ozone is balanced by an equally large trend in the eddy transport, associated with a small increase in the mean transport. This study shows that the increase in the eddy transport is characterized by more poleward ozone eddy flux by transient waves in the midlatitudes and by stationary waves in the polar region. Overall, this study makes clearer the close interaction between the trends in ozone chemistry and ozone transport. It reveals that the eddy ozone transport and its long-term changes are an important natural mitigation mechanism for the ozone hole. This work also underlines the need for diagnostics of the eddy transport in chemical transport models used to investigate future ozone recovery.
Transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene emitted from Asia: importance of warm conveyor belt and interannual variations
Authors: Zhang Y. , Tao S. , Ma J. , Simonich S.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. A global-scale three dimensional atmospheric transport and chemistry model was applied to simulate transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) emitted from Asia. The model results were compared with observations at six monitoring sites. The annual mean and seasonal variation of transport patterns and the contributions of different Asian source regions to transpacific transport flux were investigated. The episodic nature of transpacific transport was also systematically explored. Interannual variability of transpacific transport of BaP was also assessed during the period of 1948–2007. Results showed that strong enhancements of modeled BaP concentrations at 3000 m occurred in an area bounded by 70–80° E and 100–120° E. Air containing these elevated BaP concentrations was then delivered eastward by westerly winds. When approaching the West Coast of North America, the descending atmospheric motion carried BaP-laden air into the lower atmosphere. The transpacific transport flux was 1.6 times higher in the winter than in the summer. East Asian emission dominates the transpacific transport flux with a contribution of about 97 %. Near ground concentration of BaP induced by Asian sources in North America varied between 1–20 pg m−3. The number of days with transpacific transport flux with a factor of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 larger than the running mean were 9.4 %, 0.72 %, 0.06 % and 0.01 %, respectively, implying a mild contribution of episodic transport to the long-term mean transport flux. Significant interannual fluctuation of transpacific transport of BaP was found, including a general decreasing trend during 1948–2007, and especially after the 1970s. The transpacific transport was found to be positively correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index.
Numerical modeling of lower stratospheric Doppler ducted gravity waves over Jicamarca, Peru
Authors: Li Z. , Naqvi S. , Gerrard A. J. , Chau J. L. , Bhattacharya Y.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Persistent jet structures along zonal and meridional fields, believed to be caused by stationary gravity waves, were detected in February 1999 in MST wind measurements of the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Jicamarca, Peru. Over a seven day span, two days of observations showed signatures of a Doppler ducted gravity wave in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Herein we present the observations, their characteristics, and results of numerical simulations used to mimic these observed features. Though a fair replication of the observed ducted structure in the numerical model is found, the observed period of ~90 min is nonetheless longer than anticipated and raises concern as to the specific physical nature of the observed structures. However, given the high quality of the observations, we demonstrate that continued analysis of this data set and concurrent modeling will allow for a better understanding of Doppler ducts at high spatial and temporal resolution which can ultimately be applied to studies of mesospheric ducts and bores.
Improving measurements of SF6 for the study of atmospheric transport and emissions
Authors: Hall B. D. , Dutton G. S. , Mondeel D. J. , Nance J. D. , Rigby M. , Butler J. H. , Moore F. L. , Hurst D. F. , Elkins J. W.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potent greenhouse gas and useful atmospheric tracer. Measurements of SF6 on global and regional scales are necessary to estimate emissions and to verify or examine the performance of atmospheric transport models. Typical precision for common gas chromatographic methods with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) is 1–2 %. A method for improving measurement precision is described. We have modified a common GC-ECD method to achieve measurement precision of 0.5 % or better. Global mean SF6 measurements were used to examine changes in the growth rate of SF6 and corresponding SF6 emissions. Global emissions and mixing ratios from 2000–2008 are consistent with recently published work. More recent observations show a 10 % decline in SF6 emissions in 2008–2009, which seems to coincide with a decrease in world economic output. This decline was short-lived, as the global SF6 growth rate has recently increased to near its 2007–2008 maximum value of 0.30 ± 0.03 pmol mol−1 (ppt) yr−1 (95 % C.L.).
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions
Authors: Gran M. , Carrera J. , Olivella S. , Saaltink M. W.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Thermal, suction and osmotic gradients interact during evaporation from a salty soil. Vapor fluxes become the main water flow mechanism under very dry conditions. A coupled nonisothermal multiphase flow and reactive transport model was developed to study mass and energy transfer mechanisms during an evaporation experiment from a sand column. Very dry and hot conditions, including the formation of a salt crust, necessitate the modification of the retention curve to represent oven dry conditions. Experimental observations (volumetric water content, temperature and concentration profiles) were satisfactorily reproduced using mostly independently measured parameters, which suggests that the model can be used to assess the underlying processes. Results show that evaporation concentrates at a very narrow front and is controlled by heat flow, and limited by salinity and liquid and vapor fluxes. The front divides the soil into a dry and saline portion above and a moist and diluted portion below. Vapor diffusses not only upwards but also downwards from the evaporation front, as dictated by temperature gradients. Condensation of this downward flux causes dilution, so that salt concentration is minimum and lower than the initial one, just beneath the evaporation front. While this result is consistent with observations, it required adopting a vapor diffusion enhancement factor of 8.
Predictive ability of severe rainfall events over Catalonia for the year 2008
Authors: Comellas A. , Molini L. , Parodi A. , Sairouni A. , Llasat M. C. , Siccardi F.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. This paper analyses the predictive ability of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) and the so-called "poor-man" rainfall probabilistic forecasts (RPF). With this aim, the full set of warnings issued by the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC) for potentially-dangerous events due to severe precipitation has been analysed for the year 2008. For each of the 37 warnings, the QPFs obtained from the limited-area model MM5 have been verified against hourly precipitation data provided by the rain gauge network covering Catalonia (NE of Spain), managed by SMC. For a group of five selected case studies, a QPF comparison has been undertaken between the MM5 and COSMO-I7 limited-area models. Although MM5's predictive ability has been examined for these five cases by making use of satellite data, this paper only shows in detail the heavy precipitation event on the 9–10 May 2008. Finally, the "poor-man" rainfall probabilistic forecasts (RPF) issued by SMC at regional scale have also been tested against hourly precipitation observations. Verification results show that for long events (>24 h) MM5 tends to overestimate total precipitation, whereas for short events (≤24 h) the model tends instead to underestimate precipitation. The analysis of the five case studies concludes that most of MM5's QPF errors are mainly triggered by very poor representation of some of its cloud microphysical species, particularly the cloud liquid water and, to a lesser degree, the water vapor. The models' performance comparison demonstrates that MM5 and COSMO-I7 are on the same level of QPF skill, at least for the intense-rainfall events dealt with in the five case studies, whilst the warnings based on RPF issued by SMC have proven fairly correct when tested against hourly observed precipitation for 6-h intervals and at a small region scale. Throughout this study, we have only dealt with (SMC-issued) warning episodes in order to analyse deterministic (MM5 and COSMO-I7) and probabilistic (SMC) rainfall forecasts; therefore we have not taken into account those episodes that might (or might not) have been missed by the official SMC warnings. Therefore, whenever we talk about "misses", it is always in relation to the deterministic LAMs' QPFs.
An ECOOP web portal for visualising and comparing distributed coastal oceanography model and in situ data
Authors: Gemmell A. L. , Barciela R. M. , Blower J. D. , Haines K. , Harpham Q. , Millard K. , Price M. R. , Saulter A.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. As part of a large European coastal operational oceanography project (ECOOP), we have developed a web portal for the display and comparison of model and in situ marine data. The distributed model and in situ datasets are accessed via an Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) respectively. These services were developed independently and readily integrated for the purposes of the ECOOP project, illustrating the ease of interoperability resulting from adherence to international standards. The key feature of the portal is the ability to display co-plotted timeseries of the in situ and model data and the quantification of misfits between the two. By using standards-based web technology we allow the user to quickly and easily explore over twenty model data feeds and compare these with dozens of in situ data feeds without being concerned with the low level details of differing file formats or the physical location of the data. Scientific and operational benefits to this work include model validation, quality control of observations, data assimilation and decision support in near real time. In these areas it is essential to be able to bring different data streams together from often disparate locations.
Eddy characteristics in the Northern South China Sea as inferred from Lagrangian drifter data
Authors: Li J. X. , Zhang R. , Jin B.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Cyclones and anticyclones from large scale to submesoscale on the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) have been statistically characterized based on the satellite-tracked Lagrangian drifter data using a geometric eddy identification method. There are totally 1972 eddies identified, 4/5 of which are anticyclonic eddies. If the submesoscale eddies are eliminated, the other eddies in the NSCS will show a 1.1–1 dominance with the number (133) of anticyclones over the number (122) of cyclones. The spatial distribution of all the eddies are: in Zone Z1, the number of anticyclones dominate the number of cyclones, most of which are the submesoscale anticyclonic eddies with small radii; whereas, in Zone Z2, cyclonic eddies are a little more than anticyclonic eddies. The temporal distribution of eddy number in the NSCS has a close relation with monsoon. The number of the large eddies peaks during the winter monsoon, while they tend to decrease quickly in the transition periods of monsoon. In contrast, submesoscale eddies are likely to generate in the summer monsoon, which may be related to the baroclinic instability in the NSCS. The spatial and temporal patterns have a good agreement with the results of SSHA. The maximum and mean tangential velocities of anticyclones (cyclones) are 45 (30) cm s−1 and 30 (15) cm s−1, respectively. Large scale eddies can be considered in geostrophic balance, but ageostrophic dynamics may be important for the submesoscale eddies where centrifugal effects cannot be ignored in the NSCS.
Knowledge Transfer and Capacity for Dissemination
Authors: Kuiken Janna , van der Sijde Peter
Published: July 2011

The process of knowledge transfer has been extensively studied in the context of a variety of theoretical considerations. In this paper the authors adopt a communication theory perspective and focus on capacity for dissemination. Many studies assume that universities are able to disseminate and commercialize their knowledge (and technology). However, it has been shown in practice that dissemination and commercialization can be problematic. Following a review of the literature, the authors identify four topics connected with dissemination capacity: (1) the purpose of knowledge transfer; (2) the transformation of knowledge; (3) the importance of valuable knowledge from a respectable source; and (4) issues of network and inter-organizational dynamics that offer suggestions for further research. For each of these four topics, propositions are formulated as signposts for further studies and the implications for research in this area are outlined.
Criteria for Strongly Starlike Functions
Authors: Xu Neng
Published: July 2011

Let f(z) be analytic in the unit disk U={z:|z|<1} with f(0)=f'(0)-1=0 and (f(z)/z)f'(z)≠0. By using the method of differential subordinations, we determine the largest number α(β,λ,μ,m) such that, for some β,λ,μ, and m, the differential subordination λzf'(z)/f(z)1-μ1+(zf''(z)/f'(z))-zf'(z)/f(z)+zf'(z)/f(z)m≺1+z/1-zα(β,λ,μ,m)(z∈U) implies zf'(z)/f(z)≺1+z/1-zβ. Some useful consequences of this result are also given.
Functional Outcome in Athletes at Five Years of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Devgan Ashish , Magu N. K. , Siwach R. C. , Rohilla Rajesh , Sangwan S. S.
Published: July 2011

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional outcome in competitive level athletes at 5 years after ACL reconstruction with regard to return to sports and the factors or reasons in those who either stopped sports or showed a fall in their sporting levels.Methods. 48 competitive athletes who had undergone arthroscopic assisted ACL reconstruction with a minimum follow up of at least 5 years were successfully recalled and were analyzed.Results. 22 patients had returned to the preinjury levels of sports and 18 showed a decrease in their sporting levels. Of the 18 patients, 12 referred to fear of reinjuring the same or contra-lateral knee as the prime reason for the same while 6 patients reported persisting knee pain and instability as reasons for a fall in their sporting abilities. The difference in the scores of these groups was statistically significant. 8 patients out of the 48 had left sports completely due to reasons other than sports, even though they had good knee outcome scores.Conclusion. Fear of reinjury and psychosocial issues that are relevant to the social milieu of the athlete are very important and affect the overall results of the surgery with respect to return to sports.
Fabrications of Terahertz Wave Resonators in Micro Liquid Cells Introduced into Alumina Photonic Crystals with Diamond Structures
Authors: Kirihara Soshu , Ohta Noritoshi , Niki Toshiki , Tasaki Satoko
Published: July 2011

Terahertz wave resonators composed of three-dimensional photonic crystals composed of alumina lattices with diamond structures were designed and fabricated by using microstereolithography process. These three dimensional periodic structures of ceramics can reflect perfectly the terahertz waves through Bragg diffraction. A micro glass cell including water solvents was put between two photonic crystals to realize multiple resonations of terahertz waves to synchronize with various vibration modes of saccharide or protein molecules and control biochemical reactions through electromagnetic excitations.
Mobile Ferroelastic Domain Walls in Nanocrystalline PZT Films: the Direct Piezoelectric Effect
Authors: Zednik Ricardo J. , Varatharajan Anbusathaiah , Oliver Mark , Valanoor Nagarajan , McIntyre Paul C.
Published: July 2011

Ferroelastic (90°) domain wall motion occurs readily in bulk samples of displacive ferroelectrics such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), dictating critical piezoelectric, dielectric, and polarization switching properties. Many prior studies have used converse piezoelectric measurements to probe the dynamics of ferroelastic domains in thin films; however, such experiments are strongly influenced by the mechanical clamping effect of the substrate, which inhibits electric field‐induced 90° domain wall motion. Nevertheless, these observations raise a tantalizing question: Does the application of mechanical stress, rather than electric field, result in an entirely different response in thin films? Here we report biaxial stress‐driven crystallographic reorientation of (100)/(001) textured, 70 nm thick Pb(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 films via 90° domain wall motion, measured in situ by both x‐ray diffraction and piezoforce microscopy. Visual evidence of nanoscale mechanisms that underlie the direct piezoelectric effect is shown. Mobile 90° domain walls effect complete orientation switching in the grains in which they operate, without apparent wall pinning, indicating that bulk‐like ferroelastic behavior can extend to nanocrystalline films in the absence of substrate clamping.
Bis(metallo) Capsules Based on Two Ionic Diphosphines
Authors: Koblenz Tehila S. , Dekker ing. Henk L. , de Koster Chris G. , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: July 2011

Self‐assembly and characterization of heterodimeric diphosphine capsules formed by multiple ionic interactions are described. The first type of capsules is composed of one novel tetrasulfonato‐xantphos ligand and one complementary tetraammonium calix[4]arene. Encapsulation of a transition metal is achieved by self‐assembly of a rhodium complex containing the tetraanionic diphosphine ligand and a tetracationic calix[4]arene. The second type of capsules is composed of two oppositely charged diphosphine ligands: one tetrasulfonato‐xantphos and one tetraammonium‐diphosphine (of the xantphos‐, DPEphos‐, and 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe)‐type). Bis(metallo) capsules, that is, simultaneous encapsulation of two different transition metals, are created by self‐assembly of a palladium or platinum complex containing a tetracationic ligand and a rhodium complex containing a tetraanionic ligand. Diphosphine ligands with different flexibilities and shapes assemble into metallocapsules with a proper capsular structure, as is indicated by 1H NMR and 1D‐NOESY spectroscopy, ESIMS, and modeling studies.
“Design” of Boron‐Based Compounds as Pro‐Nucleophiles and Co‐Catalysts for Indium(I)‐Catalyzed Allyl Transfer to Various Csp3‐Type Electrophiles
Authors: Dao Hai Thanh , Schneider Uwe , Kobayashi Shū
Published: July 2011

We have recently uncovered a general indium(I)‐catalyzed method for allylations and propargylation of acetals and ketals with a water‐ and air‐stable allyl boronate. By using a more reactive allyl borane, we have successfully extended this methodology to the more challenging CC coupling with ethers. Herein, we report an improved methodology for the indium(I)‐catalyzed allylation of acetals and ethers, through combination of the allyl boronate with a commercially available “hard” Lewis acid, B‐methoxy‐9‐BBN (BBN=borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), as an effective co‐catalyst. Significantly, our work highlights for the first time the correlation between the Lewis acidity of “electrophilic” boron‐based compounds and their “nucleophilic” reactivity in Csp3–Csp3 couplings, catalyzed by a “soft” low‐oxidation main group metal. In addition, we also report several applications of these methodologies to the selective synthesis of various carbohydrate derivatives.
Ungeregelte Fugenabdichtungen in WU‐Betonkonstruktionen
Authors: Hornig Ute
Published: July 2011

Für die Abdichtung von Fugen in wasserundurchlässigen (WU) Betonkonstruktionen stehen neben den seit vielen Jahren bewährten genormten Fugenabdichtungssystemen in zunehmendem Umfang alternative Systeme zur Verfügung. Für diese ist ein allgemeines bauaufsichtliches Prüfzeugnis als Verwendbarkeitsnachweis erforderlich. Der nachfolgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über prinzipielle Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Besonderheiten einzelner Produktgruppen, zu beachtende Randbedingungen sowie eine baurechtliche Einordnung der ungeregelten Fugenabdichtungen.

Unregulated joint seals in concrete constructions impermeable to water

There are not only the standardised joint seal systems that have proven their worth in sealing joints in concrete constructions impermeable to water for many years. Increasingly, there are alternative systems available, although they require a general building supervisory test certificate as usability documentation. The article below provides a cross‐section of the basic types of applications, the particular characteristics of specific product groups, any constraints to be taken into consideration and a classification of the unregulated joint seal in terms of building law.
One‐pot Green Procedure for Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐one Catalyzed by Brønsted Ionic Liquids under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Zakeri Masoumeh , Heravi Majid M. , Saeedi Mina , Karimi Narges , Oskooie Hossein A. , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar
Published: July 2011

An efficient one‐pot condensation of β‐naphthol, aldehydes and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound has been achieved with ionic liquids as catalyst, thus a variety of 8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen‐11‐one derivatives were prepared in good yields. The present approach offers several advantages such as shorter reaction times, good yields and mild reaction conditions.
Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine Catalyzed Chlorination of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles
Authors: Leng Yuting , Yang Fan , Wu Yangjie , Li Ke
Published: July 2011

An efficient and facile protocol for palladacycle‐catalyzed chlorination of 2‐arylbenzoxazoles was developed. The results represent the first examples involving the palladacycle as the catalyst for such chlorination. This chlorination was not a ligand‐directed ortho‐CH activation, but an electrophilic substitution process at the para‐position of the nitrogen atom in the benzo ring of benzoxazole moiety, the regiochemistry of which had been confirmed by HMBC spectral analysis. The catalytic system could tolerate various halogen atoms, such as F, Cl and Br, affording the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
Signal‐Enhanced Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Ferrocene‐Branched Poly(allylamine)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Redox‐Active Composite
Authors: Qiu Jian‐Ding , Huang He , Liang Ru‐Ping
Published: July 2011

A signal‐enhanced immunosensor has been developed by self‐assembling Au NPs onto a ferrocene‐branched poly(allylamine)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PAA‐Fc/MWNTs) modified electrode for the sensitive determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a model protein. The formation of PAA‐Fc/MWNTs composite not only effectively avoided the leakage of Fc and retained its electrochemical activity, but also enhanced the conductivity and charge‐transport properties of the composite. Further adsorption of Au NPs into the PAA matrix provided both the interactive sites for the immobilization of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and a favorable microenvironment to maintain its activity. Tests performed with this immunosensor showed a specific response to HBsAg in the range of 0.1–350.0 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL−1.
Measures of genotoxicity in Gulf war I veterans exposed to depleted uranium
Authors: McDiarmid Melissa A. , Albertini Richard J. , Tucker James D. , Vacek Pamela M. , Carter Elizabeth W. , Bakhmutsky Marina V. , Oliver Marc S. , Engelhardt Susan M. , Squibb Katherine S.
Published: July 2011

Exposure to depleted uranium (DU), an alpha‐emitting heavy metal, has prompted the inclusion of markers of genotoxicity in the long‐term medical surveillance of a cohort of DU‐exposed Gulf War veterans followed since 1994. Using urine U (uU) concentration as the measure of U body burden, the cohort has been stratified into low‐u (<0.10 μg U/g creatinine) and high‐u groups (≥0.10 μg U/g creatinine). Surveillance outcomes for this cohort have historically included markers of mutagenicity and clastogenicity, with past results showing generally nonsignificant differences between low‐ vs. high‐U groups. However, mean hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutant frequencies (MFs) have been almost 50% higher in the high‐U group. We report here results of a more comprehensive protocol performed in a 2009 evaluation of a subgroup (N = 35) of this cohort. Four biomarkers of genotoxicity [micronuclei (MN), chromosome aberrations, and MFs of HPRT and PIGA] were examined. There were no statistically significant differences in any outcome measure when results were compared between the low‐ vs. high‐U groups. However, modeling of the HPRT MF results suggests a possible threshold effect for MFs occurring in the highest U exposed cohort members. Mutational spectral analysis of HPRT mutations is underway to clarify a potential clonal vs. a threshold uU effect to explain this observation. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of a human population chronically exposed to DU and demonstrates a relatively weak genotoxic effect of the DU exposure. These results may explain the lack of clear epidemiologic evidence for U carcinogenicity in humans. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution (space, time) anthropogenic heat emissions: London 1970–2025
Authors: Iamarino Mario , Beevers Sean , Grimmond C. S. B.
Published: July 2011

The anthropogenic heat emissions generated by human activities in London are analysed in detail for 2005–2008 and considered in context of long‐term past and future trends (1970–2025). Emissions from buildings, road traffic and human metabolism are finely resolved in space (30 min) and time (200 × 200 m2). Software to compute and visualize the results is provided. The annual mean anthropogenic heat flux for Greater London is 10.9 W m−2 for 2005–2008, with the highest peaks in the central activities zone (CAZ) associated with extensive service industry activities. Towards the outskirts of the city, emissions from the domestic sector and road traffic dominate. Anthropogenic heat is mostly emitted as sensible heat, with a latent heat fraction of 7.3% and a heat‐to‐wastewater fraction of 12%; the implications related to the use of evaporative cooling towers are briefly addressed. Projections indicate a further increase of heat emissions within the CAZ in the next two decades related to further intensification of activities within this area. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Selective Encapsulation of Ionic Dyes by Core/Shell Amphiphilic Macromolecules Derived from Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine: Properties through Structures
Authors: Wan Decheng , Lai Yi , Jin Ming , Pu Hongting
Published: July 2011

Reverse‐micelle‐like CAMs derived from HPEI, which exist as either aggregates or unimolecular micelles, show selectivity upon the encapsulation of water‐soluble and ionic dyes. For rigid dyes, the encapsulating ability is very weak, while for less rigid ones, the encapsulation is dependent on their electronic properties. Through electronic engineering of the CAM, the complementary CAM/dye interaction strengths can be greatly favored or disfavored. Electronic engineering of the CAM can also exert a non‐linear effect on the guest affinities and thus amplify the difference of the competitive guest species and further lead to highly selective encapsulations. Even if one dye species is complexed by another dye species, highly selective encapsulation can still be realized by a CAM.

magnified image
Kleine Ringe erweitern: Auf die Spannung kommt es an
Authors: Kaschel Johannes , Werz Daniel B.
Published: July 2011

Wenn es gilt, komplexe Strukturen aufzubauen, erfreuen sich Kleinringsysteme schon seit langem großer Beliebtheit. Die Thermodynamik steht dabei auf der Seite des Synthetikers. Entscheidend für den Erfolg solcher Reaktionen ist nur das richtige Werkzeug, um den Ring zu öffnen.
Aptamer‐Assembled Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kong Rong‐Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong
Published: July 2011

Aptamers represent a class of single‐stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that play important roles in biosensing and biomedical applications. However, aptamers can gain more flexibility as molecular recognition tools by taking advantage of the unique chemical and physical properties provided by nanomaterials. Such aptamer–nanomaterial conjugates are having an increasing impact in the fields of biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. The recent advances and limitations of aptamer‐assembled nanomaterials in biosensing and biomedical applications are briefly introduced and discussed.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tsapakis E. G. , Eleftheriades M. , Daskalakis G. , Chrelias C. , Hassiakos D.
Published: July 2011

Isolated left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC) is a rare disorder, classified as a primary genetic cardiomyopathy by the American Heart Association or as an unclassified cardiomyopathy by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. The key features are the prominent trabeculae and deep intratrabecular recesses resulting in thickened myocardium with the two layers consisting of compacted and non‐compacted myocardium. These recesses are in continuity with the left ventricular cavity and are filled with blood without evidence of communication to the epicardial coronary artery system. We present a case of LVNC detected prenatally at 25 + 4 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Musculoskeletal pain and use of analgesics in relation to mobility limitation among community‐dwelling persons aged 75 years and older
Authors: Karttunen N. , Lihavainen K. , Sipilä S. , Rantanen T. , Sulkava R. , Hartikainen S.
Published: July 2011

Pain and factors related to it constitute serious health problems in the older population. This populationbased cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate whether musculoskeletal pain is associated with mobility limitation and whether the relationship between pain and mobility limitation varies according to the use of analgesics among community‐dwelling older people.

A total of 622 community‐dwelling participants aged 75 years and older (mean age 80.4, 74% women) were interviewed about presence and severity of musculoskeletal pain. Self‐reported analgesic drug utilization was verified against medical records. Mobility limitation was assessed by the Timed Up & Go test (TUG) time of >13.5 s or inability to perform the test. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the pain‐affect associations, with associations expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). After adjustment for several covariates, musculoskeletal pain remained independently associated with mobility limitation (odds ratio = 1.83; 95% CI 1.16, 2.89). The risk of mobility limitation was highest among those who reported severe or moderate pain (1.84; 1.13, 3.13) and among those who used analgesics (2.37; 1.37, 4.11). In conclusion, musculoskeletal pain increases the risk for mobility limitation. The present findings underline the importance of the careful assessment and pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of pain in promoting mobility in older age.