bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komplexitätssteigerung in der Leistungserstellung – Managementansätze für ein Zentrumsspital
Authors: Rossi Marco , Schüpfer Guido , Mauch Jacqueline
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung. Generelle gesellschaftliche Trends wie Individualisierung und Female Shift erhöhen neben den inhärenten Entwicklungen in der Krankenhausindustrie wie Subspezialisierung, Überalterung der Gesellschaften und Multimorbidität die Komplexität für das Management sowohl in der fachlichen wie in der Systemführung. Komplexitätsreduktion ist daher zwingend erforderlich, um als Maximalversorger patientengerecht führen zu können. Komplexitätsreduktion bedeutet das Auflösen von therapeutischen Konflikten. Wesentliche Mittel dazu sind Digitalisierung, ein umfassendes Qualitätsparadigma, welches das Patientenerleben, die Bewertung des Behandlungsergebnisses durch den Patienten und die Indikations- und Servicequalität miteinbezieht, sowie gutes Management. Dieses weiss durch entsprechende Systemgestaltung die Könnens- und Wissensfragmentierung einer subspezialisierten Medizin integrativ aufzufangen. Dafür erforderlich sind die entsprechenden funktonalen Strategien und eine umfassende Prozessmanagementkompetenz, die die zahlreichen Schnitt- in Nahtstellen verwandeln kann.
The Low‐Temperature Besnus Magnetic Transition: Signals Due to Monoclinic and Hexagonal Pyrrhotite
Authors: Horng Chorng‐Shern , Roberts Andrew P.
Published: June 2018

The low‐temperature magnetic properties of the many pyrrhotite varieties have not been studied extensively. Monoclinic pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) goes through the Besnus transition at ~30–34 K, which is used widely to diagnose its presence in bulk samples. Other pyrrhotite polytypes are assumed to be antiferromagnetic, although it has been suggested occasionally that some may also have remanence‐carrying capabilities. Here we compare the magnetic properties of monoclinic (4M) and hexagonal (3T) pyrrhotite at low temperatures. The 4M pyrrhotite records a Besnus transition consistently. Despite not recording a Besnus transition, 3T pyrrhotite has a magnetic remanence at room temperature and has distinctive room‐ and low‐temperature magnetic properties that cannot be explained by known or unidentified impurities (with abundances <0.1%). Some 3T‐pyrrhotite samples have exceptionally high (>700 mT) and stable coercivities below 50 K. The importance of this mineral in fossil or active gas hydrate and methane venting environments makes it important to develop a more detailed understanding of its occurrences and magnetic properties.
Salinity Effects on Pore‐Scale Methane Gas Hydrate Dissociation
Authors: Almenningen Stian , Iden Eirik , Fernø Martin A. , Ersland Geir
Published: June 2018

Methane gas hydrate may become a significant source of methane gas in the global energy mix for the next decades. The widespread distribution of methane gas hydrate, primarily in subsea sediments on continental margins, makes the crystalline compound attractive for countries with shorelines that seek self‐sustainable energy. Fundamental understanding of pore‐level methane gas hydrate distribution and dissociation pattern in reservoirs is important to anticipate the methane production rate and overall efficiency. Specifically, the local salinity gradients occurring during methane gas hydrate dissociation, and its impact on local dissociation characteristics, must be understood as the aqueous phase in most reservoirs is saline. We experimentally evaluate the salinity effect on methane gas hydrate dissociation using high‐pressure silicon‐wafer micromodels with realistic sandstone grain characteristics. Methane gas hydrate was formed for a range of brine salinities (0–5 wt% NaCl), and we report variations in dissociation patterns during depressurization and thermal stimulation as a function of brine salinity. A strong correlation between initial methane gas hydrate distribution and dissociation characteristic, and subsequent release and mobilization of methane gas, was observed. Local water salinities affected the methane gas hydrate structure leading to distinct dissociation patterns of self‐preservation due to water freshening.
A Model Ensemble for Projecting Multidecadal Coastal Cliff Retreat During the 21st Century
Authors: Limber Patrick W. , Barnard Patrick L. , Vitousek Sean , Erikson Li H.
Published: June 2018

Sea cliff retreat rates are expected to accelerate with rising sea levels during the 21st century. Here we develop an approach for a multimodel ensemble that efficiently projects time‐averaged sea cliff retreat over multidecadal time scales and large (>50 km) spatial scales. The ensemble consists of five simple 1‐D models adapted from the literature that relate sea cliff retreat to wave impacts, sea level rise (SLR), historical cliff behavior, and cross‐shore profile geometry. Ensemble predictions are based on Monte Carlo simulations of each individual model, which account for the uncertainty of model parameters. The consensus of the individual models also weights uncertainty, such that uncertainty is greater when predictions from different models do not agree. A calibrated, but unvalidated, ensemble was applied to the 475‐km‐long coastline of Southern California (USA), with four SLR scenarios of 0.5, 0.93, 1.5, and 2 m by 2100. Results suggest that future retreat rates could increase relative to mean historical rates by more than twofold for the higher SLR scenarios, causing an average total land loss of 19–41 m by 2100. However, model uncertainty ranges from ±5 to 15 m, reflecting the inherent difficulties of projecting cliff retreat over multiple decades. To enhance ensemble performance, future work could include weighting each model by its skill in matching observations in different morphological settings.
Distinct Thresholds for the Initiation and Cessation of Aeolian Saltation From Field Measurements
Authors: Martin Raleigh L. , Kok Jasper F.
Published: June 2018

Wind‐blown sand and dust models depend sensitively on the threshold wind stress. However, laboratory and numerical experiments suggest the coexistence of distinct fluid and impact thresholds for the initiation and cessation of aeolian saltation, respectively. Because aeolian transport models typically use only a single threshold, existence of separate higher fluid and lower impact thresholds complicates the prediction of wind‐driven transport. Here we extend the statistical Time Frequency Equivalence Method to derive the first field‐based estimates of distinct fluid and impact thresholds from high‐frequency wind and saltation measurements at three field sites. Our measurements show that when saltation is mostly inactive, its instantaneous occurrence is governed primarily by wind exceedance of the fluid threshold. As saltation activity increases, so too does the relative importance of the impact threshold, until it dominates under near‐continuous transport conditions. Although both thresholds are thus important for high‐frequency saltation prediction, our results suggest that the time‐averaged saltation flux is primarily governed by the impact threshold.
Benchmarking Geant4 for Simulating Galactic Cosmic Ray Interactions Within Planetary Bodies
Authors: Mesick K. E. , Feldman W. C. , Coupland D. D. S. , Stonehill L. C.
Published: June 2018

Galactic cosmic rays undergo complex nuclear interactions with nuclei within planetary bodies that have little to no atmosphere. Radiation transport simulations are a key tool used in understanding the neutron and gamma ray albedo coming from these interactions and tracing these signals back to geochemical composition of the target. We study the validity of the code Geant4 for simulating such interactions by comparing simulation results to data from the Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment. Different assumptions regarding the physics are explored to demonstrate how these impact the Geant4 simulation results. In general, all of the Geant4 results overpredict the data; however, certain physics lists perform better than others. In addition, we show that results from the radiation transport code MCNP6 are similar to those obtained using Geant4.
Additional Intensification of Seasonal Heat and Flooding Extreme Over China in a 2°C Warmer World Compared to 1.5°C
Authors: Lin Lei , Wang Zhili , Xu Yangyang , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Hua , Dong Wenjie
Published: June 2018

The Paris Agreement commits to stabilizing global mean surface warming to below 2°C (above preindustrial levels) and strives to limit it to 1.5°C to mitigate the risks of anthropogenic climate change. This study explores the impacts of stabilized 1.5°C and 2°C warming in the late 21st century on seasonal climate extremes over China by using a set of coupled Earth system model simulations explicitly targeting these warming levels. Our results show that global warming levels of 1.5°C and 2°C will lead to increases in surface air temperature (precipitation) averaged over China of 1.3°C and 1.9°C (11.6% and 13.3%), respectively, compared to 1976–2005. Climate extremes over China will become more frequent in a warmer world. Relative to the 1976–2005, the frequency of events similar to the 2013 extreme hot summer in eastern China and extreme flooding during the summer of 2010 in southeastern China will increase by 16 or 33 times and 2 or 3 times, respectively, given a global temperature increase of 1.5°C or 2°C. In particular, events similar to the 2013 extreme hot summer will occur almost yearly in a 2°C warmer world. The likelihood of an event similar to the 2014 extreme hot spring in northeastern China will increase to 8% or 20% in a 1.5°C or 2°C warmer world, whereas such events were rare during 1976–2005. Given these dangerous consequences, we conclude that there are discernible benefits for China to contribute to the global decarbonization effort to limit global warming to below 1.5°C rather than 2°C.
Constraining Central Washington’s Potential Seismic Hazard
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: June 2018

Fault geometry and slip rate analyses show deformation in the Yakima Fold Province accelerated in the Pleistocene and has remained elevated, offering new insights into earthquake recurrence intervals.
Rethinking the River
Authors: Kolker Alexander , Dausman Alyssa , Allison Mead , Brown Gary , Chu Philip , de Mutsert Kim , Fitzpatrick Catherine , Henkel Jessica , Justic Dubravko , Kleiss Barbara , McCoy Elizabeth , Meselhe Ehab , Richards Carol
Published: June 2018

The Mississippi River and its delta and plume provide insights into research-informed approaches to managing river-dominated coastal zones.
Dayside Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Responses to a Foreshock Transient on 25 June 2008: 1. FLR Observed by Satellite and Ground‐Based Magnetometers
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Chen , Shi Quanqi , Wang Boyi , Zhang Hui , Hudson Mary K. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Hartinger Michael D. , Tian Anmin , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Rae I. J. , Degeling Alexander W.
Published: June 2018

As one type of driver of magnetospheric Alfvén waves, foreshock transients have received less attention than, for example, the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, discrete and broadband frequency solar wind dynamic pressure oscillations, and interplanetary shocks. Previous works show that foreshock transients can induce both Alfvén mode and compressional mode Pc 3–5 ULF waves inside the magnetosphere. However, to our knowledge, none of these reported Pc 3–5 waves, induced by foreshock transients, are proved to be localized in the magnetosphere. In this paper, using in situ and ground‐based observations, we report the generation of localized magnetospheric compressional waves and field line resonances (FLRs) by a foreshock transient. Both the foreshock transient and Pc 5 ULF waves were found on the duskside; while on the morning side of the magnetosphere, no clear wave signatures were captured. Our results demonstrate that in addition to the global effects of foreshock transients on the magnetosphere reported earlier, foreshock transients can also generate localized magnetospheric responses in the Pc 5 range with clear dawn‐dusk asymmetry. A suite of eight dayside spacecraft plus ground magnetometer measurements make possible the determination of the foreshock transient driver and dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the magnetospheric response not previously reported with such a complete data set.
Synthesis and Source Characteristics of Tsunamis in the Sea of Japan Based on Normal‐Mode Method
Authors: Wu Y. , Satake K.
Published: June 2018

The normal‐mode method, which is widely used in seismology, was applied to characterize the free oscillation and tsunami sources in the Sea of Japan. Improvements in matrix storage, and incorporation of a modern sparse eigensolver, enabled us to calculate 6,000 high‐resolution normal‐mode solutions for the Sea of Japan, down to a period of 8 min. We used kurtosis to group these modes into three types: 622 basin‐wide modes, 4,953 regional modes, and 425 local modes. By the superposition of these modes, tsunami waveforms were synthetized for the 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake (Mw 7.7). Comparisons of synthesized waveforms with those computed by the finite difference method as well as observations showed good agreement at periods longer than 8 min. The excitation weights for 60 fault models along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan were computed, and they showed that the average excitation was larger for the sources located at shallower water depth or with larger magnitude. Among the three types of modes, the regional modes played the most important role and affected a wide coastal area.
Identification of Chlorobenzene in the Viking Gas Chromatograph‐Mass Spectrometer Data Sets: Reanalysis of Viking Mission Data Consistent With Aromatic Organic Compounds on Mars
Authors: Guzman Melissa , McKay Christopher P. , Quinn Richard C. , Szopa Cyril , Davila Alfonso F. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Freissinet Caroline
Published: June 2018

Motivated by the recent detection of chlorobenzene by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on the Curiosity rover, and the identification of its carbon source as indigenous to the martian sample, we reexamined the original, microfilm preserved, Viking gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer data sets. We found evidence for the presence of chlorobenzene in Viking Lander 2 (VL‐2) data at levels corresponding to 0.08–1.0 ppb (relative to sample mass), in runs when the sample was heated to 350°C and 500°C. Additionally, we found a correlation between the temperature dependence of the chlorobenzene signal and the dichloromethane signal originally identified by the Viking gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer team. We considered possible sources of carbon that may have produced the chlorobenzene signal, by reaction with perchlorate during pyrolysis, including organic carbon indigenous to the martian parent sample and instrument contamination. We conclude that the chlorobenzene signal measured by VL‐2 originated from martian chlorine sources. We show how the carbon source could originate from the martian parent sample, though a carbon source contributed from instrument background cannot yet be ruled out.
Export Depth of the TEX86 Signal
Authors: Zhang Yi Ge , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: June 2018

TEX86 is widely used for evaluating ancient ocean temperatures. However, the debate on the export depth of the TEX86 signal in the water column has not been settled. Consequently, TEX86 has been interpreted as/calibrated to surface, shallow subsurface, or deep subsurface temperatures. Here we examine the published core top TEX86 data between 30°N and 30°S where the ocean temperatures at the surface show a clear latitudinal gradient, but not at the deep subsurface. The meridional distribution of the TEX86 data exhibits an inverted U shape with the peak near the equator, which closely resembles the surface and shallow subsurface ocean temperature profiles. And the strongest correlation was identified between TEX86 and sea surface temperatures. These results suggest that on the global scale, sedimentary TEX86 is a proxy for temperatures of the epipelagic ocean less than 200 m deep.
Cdk4/6 inhibitors and overall survival: power of first-line trials in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Tanguy Marie-Laure , Cabel Luc , Berger Fréderique , Pierga Jean-Yves , Savignoni Alexia , Bidard Francois-Clement
Published: June 2018

Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib have been investigated in combination with aromatase inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (PALOMA-2, MONALEESA-2 and MONALEESA-7, MONARCH-3 trials, respectively); pivotal trials led to absolute median progression-free survival (PFS) gain of about 15 months. We aimed to estimate, for each trial, the statistical power to demonstrate a significant gain in overall survival (OS). Power was calculated with Freedman’s formula. Given the allocation ratio and the number of events, power was computed as a function of hazard ratio. We focused on four specific hazard ratio values (0.94, 0.89, 0.81, and 0.77), which are estimated to correspond to absolute 3, 6, 12, and 15 months gain in OS, respectively. For these calculations, the type I error rate was stated at 5% with a two-sided test, and we assumed that the risk of death was constant over time. PALOMA-2 and MONALEESA trials have an almost similar power despite different allocation ratios, while MONARCH-3 has a more limited power. Overall, the power of the four trials to demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in OS is less than 70% if the prolongation in median OS is ≤12 months, whatever the OS data maturity. This analysis shows that OS results are jeopardized by limited powers, and a meta-analysis might be required to demonstrate OS benefit. Conversely, if a significant OS improvement is observed in some but not at all trials, this discrepancy might be more attributable to chance than to a truly different drug efficacy.
Application of GRAAL model to the resumption of International Simple Glass alteration
Authors: Fournier Maxime , Frugier Pierre , Gin Stéphane
Published: June 2018

The methodology developed for predicting nuclear waste behavior under disposal conditions combines experimental approaches and modeling. A waste glass canister placed in contact with water undergoes irreversible chemical processes leading to its degradation into more stable phases. This transformation occurs in three kinetic stages: the initial alteration rate (stage I), the residual rate (stage II), and, in some cases, a resumption of alteration (stage III) related to zeolites precipitation. Affinity effects based on the transition state theory are used to account for the rate drop from stage I to stage II. However, modeling of stage III has not been extensively studied. This study investigates the ability of the "glass reactivity with allowance for the alteration layer" (GRAAL) model to describe the effect of zeolite precipitation on the dissolution kinetics of the international simple glass (ISG). The GRAAL model-based description of the alteration layer was adapted to account for alkaline pH alteration mechanisms. A model describing the nucleation and growth kinetics of zeolites was proposed based on simple formalisms whose parameters can be inferred from previous studies’ results. These improvements give a description of the moment where a resumption of alteration occurs. As the predictive capacity of the GRAAL model is strongly dependent on the appropriateness of the alteration layers’ description, this work shows the need to develop new functions to describe the evolution of their compositions and solubilities with pH changes. Calculations also show the importance of Al and Ca activities and the effect of Al on the silica solubility.
Incorporation of NS1 and prM/M are important to confer effective protection of adenovirus-vectored Zika virus vaccine carrying E protein
Authors: Liu Xinglong , Qu Linbing , Ye Xianmiao , Yi Changhua , Zheng Xuehua , Hao Mingli , Su Wan , Yao Zhipeng , Chen Peihai , Zhang Shengnan , Feng Yupeng , Wang Qian , Yan Qihong , Li Pingchao , Li Heying , Li Feng , Pan Weiqi , Niu Xuefeng , Xu Ruian , Feng Liqiang , Chen Ling
Published: June 2018

Current design of Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine mainly considered envelope (E) as the major target antigen. Non-structural protein NS1 was seldom considered. Herein, we generated three adenovirus-vectored vaccines carrying E (Ad2-E), or premembrane/membrane (prM/M) with E (Ad2-prME), or NS1 in addition to prM/M with E (Ad2-prME-NS1). Ad2-prME induced higher neutralizing antibody response to ZIKV than Ad2-E, suggesting prM/M is important for the folding of immunogenic E. Most intriguingly, Ad2-prME-NS1 elicited the best viral inhibition when the immune sera were added to ZIKV-infected cells. In ZIKV-challenged neonatal mice born to maternally immunized dams, Ad2-prME-NS1 conferred the best protection in preventing weight loss, neurological disorders, and viral replication. Ad2-prME also conferred significant protection but was less effective than Ad2-prME-NS1, whereas Ad2-E only alleviated neurological symptoms but did not inhibit viral replication. Our study suggested that NS1 should be considered in the design of ZIKV vaccine in addition to prM/M and E.
Optimization of Optomotor Response-based Visual Function Assessment in Mice
Authors: Shi Cong , Yuan Xuedong , Chang Karen , Cho Kin-Sang , Xie Xinmin Simon , Chen Dong Feng , Luo Gang
Published: June 2018

Optomotor response/reflex (OMR) assays are emerging as a powerful and versatile tool for phenotypic study and new drug discovery for eye and brain disorders. Yet efficient OMR assessment for visual performance in mice remains a challenge. Existing OMR testing devices for mice require a lengthy procedure and may be subject to bias due to use of artificial criteria. We developed an optimized staircase protocol that utilizes mouse head pausing behavior as a novel indicator for the absence of OMR, to allow rapid and unambiguous vision assessment. It provided a highly sensitive and reliable method that can be easily implemented into automated or manual OMR systems to allow quick and unbiased assessment for visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in mice. The sensitivity and quantitative capacity of the protocol were validated using wild type mice and an inherited mouse model of retinal degeneration – mice carrying rhodopsin deficiency and exhibiting progressive loss of photoreceptors. Our OMR system with this protocol was capable of detecting progressive visual function decline that was closely correlated with the loss of photoreceptors in rhodopsin deficient mice. It provides significant advances over the existing methods in the currently available OMR devices in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and efficiency.
Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and myotonia in a patient with homozygous mutation p.R1451L in NaV1.4
Authors: Luo Sushan , Sampedro Castañeda Marisol , Matthews Emma , Sud Richa , Hanna Michael G. , Sun Jian , Song Jie , Lu Jiahong , Qiao Kai , Zhao Chongbo , Männikkö Roope
Published: June 2018

Dominantly inherited channelopathies of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.4 include hypokalaemic and hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP and hyperPP) and myotonia. HyperPP and myotonia are caused by NaV1.4 channel overactivity and overlap clinically. Instead, hypoPP is caused by gating pore currents through the voltage sensing domains (VSDs) of NaV1.4 and seldom co-exists clinically with myotonia. Recessive loss-of-function NaV1.4 mutations have been described in congenital myopathy and myasthenic syndromes. We report two families with the NaV1.4 mutation p.R1451L, located in VSD-IV. Heterozygous carriers in both families manifest with myotonia and/or hyperPP. In contrast, a homozygous case presents with both hypoPP and myotonia, but unlike carriers of recessive NaV1.4 mutations does not manifest symptoms of myopathy or myasthenia. Functional analysis revealed reduced current density and enhanced closed state inactivation of the mutant channel, but no evidence for gating pore currents. The rate of recovery from inactivation was hastened, explaining the myotonia in p.R1451L carriers and the absence of myasthenic presentations in the homozygous proband. Our data suggest that recessive loss-of-function NaV1.4 variants can present with hypoPP without congenital myopathy or myasthenia and that myotonia can present even in carriers of homozygous NaV1.4 loss-of-function mutations.
Beneficial effect of statins in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis following percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Sang Hoon , Jeong Hye Yun , Yang Dong Ho , Kim Jinkwon , Lee So-Young
Published: June 2018

The cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, roles of statins are still controversial in dialysis-dependent ESRD patients regardless of having proven coronary artery occlusive disease. The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of statin following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ESRD patients who have proven coronary artery occlusive disease. This study was based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea. We included 150 ESRD patients on chronic hemodialysis who underwent PCI with stenting between 2002 and 2013. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analysis were performed, and statin therapy after PCI was treated as a time-dependent variable. During 3.15 ± 2.71 (mean ± standard deviation) years of follow-up, there were 82 patients with primary outcome. The adjusted hazard ratio for statin use was 0.54 [0.33–0.90] compared to no statin use. This study showed that statin has significant benefit on reducing adverse events risk in dialysis-dependent ESRD patients after PCI.
Whispering Gallery Mode Enabled Efficiency Enhancement: Defect and Size Controlled CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Whisperonic Solar Cells
Authors: Das Tapan Kumar , Ilaiyaraja P. , Sudakar C.
Published: June 2018

A synergetic approach of employing smooth mesoporous TiO2 microsphere (SμS-TiO2)–nanoparticulate TiO2 (np-TiO2) composite photoanode, and size and defect controlled CdSe quantum dots (QD) to achieve high efficiency (η) in a modified Grätzel solar cell, quantum dot sensitized whisperonic solar cells (QDSWSC), is reported. SμS-TiO2 exhibits whispering gallery modes (WGM) and assists in enhancing the light scattering. SμS-TiO2 and np-TiO2 provide conductive path for efficient photocurrent charge transport and sensitizer loading. The sensitizer strongly couples with the WGM and significantly enhances the photon absorption to electron conversion. The efficiency of QDSWSC is shown to strongly depend on the size and defect characteristics of CdSe QD. Detailed structural, optical, microstructural and Raman spectral studies on CdSe QD suggest that surface defects are prominent for size ~2.5 nm, while the QD with size > 4.5 nm are well crystalline with lower surface defects. QDSWSC devices exhibit an increase in η from ≈0.46% to η ≈ 2.74% with increasing CdSe QD size. The reported efficiency (2.74%) is the highest compared to other CdSe based QDSSC made using TiO2 photoanode and I−/I3− liquid electrolyte. The concept of using whispering gallery for enhanced scattering is very promising for sensitized whisperonic solar cells.
The C.L.A.M.P. Nephrometry score: A system for preoperative assessment of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with Segmental Renal Artery Clamping
Authors: Wang Yichun , Chen Chen , Qin Chao , Li Xiao , Wang Yamin , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Yi , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Qijie , Song Ninghong , Wang Zengjun
Published: June 2018

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with segmental renal artery clamping is associated with a less warm ischemic injury and better postoperative affected renal function compared with main renal artery clamping. However, its indication remains unclear. We established a standardized nephrometry scoring system (The C.L.A.M.P. Nephrometry Score) to evaluate its flexibility in preoperative assessment. This scoring system based on 5 components. The ranking (C)oefficient of each score and the (L)ocation of the clamping position of the target artery and areas of the target artery entering the renal sinus: (A)nterior boundary, (M)ulti-boundary and (P)osterior boundary. We applied this system to analyze data from 106 consecutive patients who underwent SRAC during LPN and divided these patients into 3 groups based on their C.L.A.M.P. scores. The rate of conversion to main renal artery clamping and clamping success rate and the affected side GFR reduction showed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.001). However, parameters such as blood loss, Warm ischemia time and postoperative hospitalization were not significantly different. The C.L.A.M.P. nephrometry score shows strong ability in distinguishing different complexities of artery characteristics and plays a promising role in identifying patients who are suitable for the SRAC technique.
Loss of radioactivity in radiocesium-bearing microparticles emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant by heating
Authors: Okumura Taiga , Yamaguchi Noriko , Dohi Terumi , Iijima Kazuki , Kogure Toshihiro
Published: June 2018

Radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsPs) substantially made of silicate glass are a novel form of radiocesium emitted from the broken containment vessel of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. CsPs have a potential risk of internal radiation exposure caused by inhalation. Radiation-contaminated waste including CsPs is being burned in incinerators; therefore, this study has investigated the responses of CsPs to heating in air. The radioactivity of CsPs gradually decreased from 600 °C and was almost lost when the temperature reached 1000 °C. The size and spherical morphology of CsPs were almost unchanged after heating, but cesium including radiocesium, potassium and chlorine were lost, probably diffused away from the CsPs. Iron, zinc and tin originally dissolved in the glass matrix were crystallized to oxide nanoparticles inside the CsPs. When the CsPs were heated together with weathered granitic soil that is common in Fukushima, the radiocesium released from CsPs was sorbed by the surrounding soil. From these results, it is expected that the radioactivity of CsPs will be lost when radiation-contaminated waste including CsPs is burned in incinerators.
Electronic structure and large second-order non-linear optical property of COT derivatives – a theoretical exploration
Authors: Roy Ria Sinha , Nandi Prasanta K.
Published: June 2018

A new strategy to design new molecules based on a fused hydrocarbon ring system comprising a COT ring and two 5-membered rings has been proposed for the study of second order NLO property.
Monomeric Fe(iii) half-sandwich complexes [Cp′FeX2] – synthesis, properties and electronic structure
Authors: Reiners Matthias , Maekawa Miyuki , Baabe Dirk , Zaretzke Marc-Kevin , Schweyen Peter , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Freytag Matthias , Raeder Jan , Hohenberger Johannes , Sutter Jörg , Meyer Karsten , Walter Marc D.
Published: June 2018

Bis(alkyl)iron(iii) half-sandwich complexes exhibit solvent dependent reactivity when treated with H2.
Electrochemical surface charge-inversion from semi-insulating Sb2Se3 photoanodes and abrupt photocurrent generation for water splitting
Authors: Kim Young Been , Kim Joo Sung , Baek Seung Ki , Yun Young Dae , Cho Sung Woon , Jung Sung Hyeon , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: June 2018

Artificially synthesized n-type Sb2Se3 with a low work function produces abrupt photocurrent generation via a novel surface charge-inversion mechanism.
Antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging mechanisms of cyclocurcumin
Authors: Li Yunkui , Toscano Marirosa , Mazzone Gloria , Russo Nino
Published: June 2018

Cyclocurcumin has a strong ability to scavenge ˙OH by its 4′-OH phenolic hydroxyl via a hydrogen-atom transfer mechanism in a physiological environment.
P3HT:spiro-OMeTAD blending system as a hole conductor for solid-state hybrid solar cells with a dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorod composite structure
Authors: Li Yingpin , Wei Yanan , Feng Kangning , Hao Yanzhong , Zhang Yumei , Pei Juan , Sun Bao
Published: June 2018

A dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorod/blend P3HT:spiro-OMeTAD system with considerable absorption and fluorescence quenching may have potential for HSC development.
Molecular design towards suppressing electron recombination and enhancing the light-absorbing ability of dyes for use in sensitized solar cells: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Li Ping , Song Chongping , Wang Zhixiang , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Houyu
Published: June 2018

We report a molecular design strategy with a comprehensive consideration of both inhibiting electron recombination and enhancing the light-harvesting ability.
A fluorescent calixarene-based dimeric capsule constructed via a MII–terpyridine interaction: cage structure, inclusion properties and drug release
Authors: Wang Jun-Fang , Huang Li-Yuan , Bu Jian-Hua , Li Shao-Yong , Qin Su , Xu Yao-Wei , Liu Jun-Min , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: June 2018

A fluorescent calixarene-based dimeric capsule has been constructed via a MII–terpyridine interaction, and can capture mercaptopurine in solution and crystalline state and control drug release in PBS accompanied with fluorescence recovery.
Acid green crystal-based in situ synthesis of polyaniline hollow nanotubes for the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes
Authors: Amer Wael A. , Omran Mohamed M. , Rehab Ahmed F. , Ayad Mohamad M.
Published: June 2018

Acid green dye was employed as a soft-template for the synthesis of polyaniline hollow nanotubes, which adsorb anionic and cationic dyes.
A review on additive manufacturing and its way into the oil and gas industry
Authors: Sireesha Merum , Lee Jeremy , Kranthi Kiran A. Sandeep , Babu Veluru Jagadeesh , Kee Bernard B. T. , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: June 2018

The Schematic representation of a Stereolithography (SL) scalable manufacturing technology called additive manufacturing (AM) in oil and gas industry.
Characteristics of negative DC discharge in a wire–cylinder configuration under coal pyrolysis gas components at high temperatures
Authors: Chen Quanlin , Fang Mengxiang , Cen Jianmeng , Liu Jiajia
Published: June 2018

This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of negative DC discharge under coal pyrolysis gas components (CO2, H2, N2, CH4, CO) and air.
Feedback from reorienting AGN jets
Authors: Cielo S. , Babul A. , Antonuccio-Delogu V. , Silk J. , Volonteri M.
Published: June 2018

Aims.We test the effects of re-orienting jets from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the intracluster medium in a galaxy cluster environment with short central cooling time. We investigate both the appearance and the properties of the resulting cavities, and the efficiency of the jets in providing near-isotropic heating to the cooling cluster core.

Methods.We use numerical simulations to explore four models of AGN jets over several active/inactive cycles. We keep the jet power and duration fixed across the models, varying only the jet re-orientation angle prescription. We track the total energy of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the cluster core over time, and the fraction of the jet energy transferred to the ICM. We pay particular attention to where the energy is deposited. We also generate synthetic X-ray images of the simulated cluster and compare them qualitatively to actual observations.

Results.Jets whose re-orientation is minimal (≲20°) typically produce conical structures of interconnected cavities, with the opening angle of the cones being ~15–20°, extending to ~300 kpc from the cluster centre. Such jets transfer about 60% of their energy to the ICM, yet they are not very efficient at heating the cluster core, and even less efficient at heating it isotropically, because the jet energy is deposited further out. Jets that re-orientate by ≳20° generally produce multiple pairs of detached cavities. Although smaller, these cavities are inflated within the central 50 kpc and are more isotropically distributed, resulting in more effective heating of the core. Such jets, over hundreds of millions of years, can deposit up to 80% of their energy precisely where it is required. Consequently, these models come the closest in terms of approaching a heating/cooling balance and mitigating runaway cooling of the cluster core even though all models have identical jet power/duration profiles. Additionally, the corresponding synthetic X-ray images exhibit structures and features closely resembling those seen in real cool-core clusters.
Isotope stratification of meromictic Lake Trekhtzvetnoe at the White Sea coast (Russia)
Authors: Vasil’chuk Yurij K. , Frolova Natalia L. , Kasimov Nikolay S. , Winde Frank , Budantseva Nadine A. , Chizhova Julia N. , Efimova Ludmila E. , Krasnova Elena D. , Terskaya Elena V. , Tokarev Igor V. , Vasil’chuk Alla C.
Published: June 2018

Postglacial isostatic uplift of the coastal zone resulted in the formation of isolated lakes along the shores of White Sea developed into permanently stratified (meromictic) lakes. On the basis of monitoring the vertical distribution of selected water quality parameters including temperature, salinity, concentration of major ions, microbial activity, dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulfide, seasonal changes in the structure of the stratified water column are explored and governing factors identified. Lake Trekhtzvetnoe has a strong vertical stratification with seasonal mixing being confined to the upper part of the water column (mixolimnion). Сhemical water composition in the mixolimnion reflects the influence of precipitation with the underlying chemocline being defined by sharp gradients of salinity, dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulphide levels. We found strong stable isotope stratification of water column in winter-early spring seasons of 2013, 2015 and 2016 and in the early autumn of 2015. The lowest isotope values were obtained near the surface in the mixolimnion. There was a gradual increase of isotope values towards the chemocline reaching the maximum in the bottom layer (monimolimnion). It was found that water in the mixolimnion was isotopically depleted in winter as a result of ice formation and isotopically enriched in the early autumn due to evaporation. Obvious desalination of mixolimnion and upper chemocline from 2012 to 2016 was possibly caused by the increase of precipitation and freshwater inflow in lake supply. Monimolimnion is a stable layer of high salinity, and it has enriched isotope composition that corresponds with meromictic structure of water column.
Determining reference conditions of hemiboreal lakes in Latvia, NE Europe: a palaeolimnological approach
Authors: Stivrins Normunds , Grudzinska Ieva , Elmi Kati , Heinsalu Atko , Veski Siim
Published: June 2018

The current status of a lake can be evaluatedviamonitoring, but such data can only provide information about the last few decades to a century at best. In most cases, the natural state of a lake cannot be ascertained. This is even more challenging if the apparent anthropogenic effects on the environment over the last millennia are considered. We used data on fossil algae from five evenly distributed hemiboreal lakes in geographically different regions in Latvia, NE Europe to assess the amount of compositional change or turnover (i.e., the beta-diversity) in the algae datasets for the last 2000 years by using a Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Our results show that the algae turnover increases towards the present day with distinct shifts during times characterised by extensive and intensive agriculture establishment, and political and economic changes. Because the anthropogenic impact on the landscape and lakes before AD 1200 was relatively minor, we propose that algae composition at that time can be assumed to represent the natural reference conditions for most Latvian lakes.
Ein Blick über die Grenze: Das neue belgische Reintegrationsgesetz
Authors: Rijkenberg Arie
Published: June 2018

Am 11. November 2017 wurde in Belgien ein neues Reintegrationsgesetz im belgischem Staatsblatt publiziert. Dieses trat am 1. Dezember 2016 in Kraft. Das Gesetz hat zum Ziel, die Wiedereingliederung von kranken Mitarbeitern zu verbessern. In diesem Artikel sollen die Erfahrungen nach einem Jahr beschrieben werden. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass das Gesetz noch einige „Kinderkrankheiten“ kennt. Diese sollten zügig ausgemerzt werden.
Forschung zu Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben: Zum Wissenstransfer zwischen Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Bartel Susanne , Ohlbrecht Heike
Published: June 2018

Ziel der Studie Diese Untersuchung richtet sich auf den Theorie-Praxis-Transfer auf dem Gebiet der Forschung zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA). Ziel war es zu ermitteln, welche Erwartungen auf Seiten der Leistungserbringer hinsichtlich der Forschung vorherrschen, welchen Zugang sie zu wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen suchen, wie sich der Praxistransfer vollzieht und welche Forschungsdesiderate vorliegen. Flankierend wurden Vertreter der Rentenversicherung aus dem Bereich der Forschungsförderung nach den internen Strukturen zur Identifizierung von Forschungsthemen und der Bewertung von Forschungsergebnissen sowie zum Wissenstransfer befragt. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, das Verhältnis von Forschung und Praxis im Bereich LTA zu problematisieren und eine Sensibilität für dieses Thema zu schaffen.

Methodik Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie gründen auf einer schriftlichen Befragung von 28 Berufsförderungswerken (BFW) des Bundesverbandes Deutscher Berufsförderungswerke e. V. (BV BFW) und auf 3 Experteninterviews mit Vertretern der Rentenversicherung (Bund und Regional). Die Rücklaufquote der BFW-Befragung lag bei rd. 54% (N=15). Die Auswertung erfolgte primär qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch sowie mit einer damit einhergehenden schrittweisen Kodierung des Materials.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der Befragung verweisen auf einen ausgeprägten Bedarf nach Translationsprozessen und einer Kooperationskultur zwischen Forschung und Praxis. Gleichzeitig wurde ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem Wahren der Autonomie von Forschung und einer zunehmenden Transferorientierung deutlich. Darüber hinaus konnten vielfältige Ansätze zur Ausgestaltung von möglichen Transferaktivitäten herausgearbeitet werden.

Schlussfolgerung Im Bereich der Forschungen zur LTA stellt die Entwicklung eines Strategiekonzeptes für den Forschungstransfer eine zukünftige Entwicklungsaufgabe dar. Dabei ist es erforderlich, neue Kommunikationsstrukturen und partizipative Forschungsformate zu entwickeln, in denen Forschergruppen und -förderer sowie Praxisakteure gemeinsam LTA-Forschung realisieren können.
Qualität und Zufriedenheit mit der chirurgischen Famulatur aus studentischer Sicht
Authors: Froehlich Susanne , Goebel Florian , Meder Adrian , Wirkner Janine , Obertacke Udo , Kasch Richard
Published: June 2018

Einleitung Der chirurgischen Famulatur kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da dem Studierenden erstmals ein längerer Kontakt zu den ärztlichen Kollegen und zu den Patienten ermöglicht wird und Fachrichtungsneigungen vertieft werden können. Wie Medizinstudierende ihre Famulatur in der Fachrichtung Chirurgie wahrgenommen haben, soll durch die vorliegende Arbeit geklärt werden.

Methoden Eine 2012 durchgeführte bundesweite Onlinebefragung mit 9079 Teilnehmern enthielt eine Evaluation der abgeleisteten curricularen Praktika. In die vorliegende Auswertung flossen die Daten der Befragten ein, die eine mindestens 4-wöchige Famulatur in der Chirurgie absolviert hatten (n = 526). Besonderes Interesse galt folgenden Fragestellungen: Gesamtbewertung, Zufriedenheit, Struktur und Qualität der Lehre, Bewertung der Lehrenden und Erwerb von praktischen Kompetenzen, die anhand von 35 Items erfragt wurden. Neben der deskriptiven Statistik wurden für Häufigkeiten der Chi-Quadrat-Test sowie für die einzelnen Items univariate ANOVAs mit dem Zwischensubjektfaktor „Gruppe“ (ermittelt anhand der Gesamtbeurteilung: „zufrieden“, „neutral“, „unzufrieden“ mit der Famulatur) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Der weibliche Anteil der Studierenden betrug 56,7%, das Durchschnittsalter lag zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung bei 25 Jahren. In allen ausgewerteten Items fanden sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen zufriedenen und unzufriedenen Studierenden. Die Teilnehmer der Befragung, die mit der Gesamtfamulatur zufrieden waren, bewerteten die fachliche und didaktische Qualität der Lehre und den Erwerb von praktischen Kompetenzen signifikant besser als unzufriedene Studierende (alle p < 0,000).

Diskussion Wenig ist über die Effekte studiumsbegleitender Praktika, zu denen die Famulatur gehört, publiziert. Diese Informationen scheinen jedoch insofern wichtig, da die Fachrichtung, in der die Famulatur absolviert werden kann, entsprechend den Neigungen frei wählbar ist. So kann bereits in dieser frühen Ausbildungsphase durch Optimierung vorhandener Strukturen und Verbesserung des Lehrangebotes zumindest versucht werden, Nachwuchs für den Fachbereich Chirurgie zu rekrutieren oder nicht definitiv zu verlieren.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser
Authors: Bartel Susanne , Bethge Matthias , Buschmann-Steinhage Rolf
Published: June 2018

Die Vermeidung eines vorzeitigen Erwerbsausstiegs aus Gesundheitsgründen stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung sozialer Sicherungssysteme dar, um Altersarmut zu verhindern und Teilhabechancen zu sichern. Zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung stehen den Betroffenen Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben zu Verfügung. Die Ausgaben der verschiedenen Rehabilitationsträger für diese beruflichen Rehabilitationsleistungen beliefen sich 2016 auf über 8 Milliarden Euro. Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben kommen insbesondere dann in Betracht, wenn Personen ihre ursprünglich erlernte oder hauptsächlich ausgeübte Tätigkeit aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nicht mehr ohne Veränderung der Arbeitsbedingungen oder gar nicht mehr ausüben können. Sie umfassen ein vielfältiges Leistungsspektrum und reichen von Leistungen an den Arbeitgeber (Eingliederungszuschüsse) über Leistungen zur Erhaltung/Erlangung eines Arbeitsplatzes durch Hilfsmittel oder Anpassungen bis hin zu Qualifizierungen. Oftmals greifen verschiedene Leistungen in einem mehrstufigen und über mehrere Jahre dauernden Prozess ineinander. Darüber hinaus gehört auch die berufliche Erstausbildung für junge Menschen mit speziellem Unterstützungsbedarf (z. B. in Berufsbildungswerken) zu den Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben.
Bilateral Radial Agenesis in a Cat Treated with Bilateral Ulnocarpal Arthrodesis
Authors: Bezhentseva Alla , Singh Harpreet , Boudrieau Randy
Published: June 2018

Objective This article describes corrective antebrachiocarpal re-alignment and arthrodesis for bilateral radial hemimelia (radial agenesis) in an 8-month-old domestic short-haired cat.

Methods Bilateral forelimb deformity of ulnocarpal varus with complete luxation and rotation of the antebrachiocarpal joint spaces, and joint contracture, was observed. Several carpal bones and metacarpal bones I and II and their associated phalanges were absent. Abnormal ambulation and weight bearing on the dorsolateral part of the manus were present. The deformities were treated by bilateral distal ulnar ostectomy and ulnocarpal arthrodesis using a 2.0-mm locking compression plate applied with hybrid fixation and allograft.

Results Successful deformity correction was obtained with subsequent fusion of the antebrachiocarpal joints. No complications were observed. At long-term follow-up (4.75 years), there was good-to-excellent functional result, with approximately 15° internal rotation of the right forelimb manus and shortened stride with slight circumduction and lameness. All implants remained stable and continued bone remodelling was present. The cat was assessed to have good-to-excellent short- and long-term functional results with excellent owner satisfaction.

Clinical Significance Treatment of radial agenesis in the cat has previously been limited to conservative management or limb amputation. While there are several reports of corrective limb-sparing procedures used to treat dogs, this is the first report of a cat with successful salvage corrective surgery.