bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epanechnikov-exponential distribution: properties and applications
Authors: Alkhazaalh Ahmad , Al-Zoubi Loai
Published: March 2022

A new continuous distribution is proposed using Epanechnikov kernel function and the exponential distribution. This distribution is called the Epanechnikov-exponential distribution. Some properties of this distribution are studied. A simulation study is conducted to calculate the mean and the standard deviation of this distribution and to investigate the behavior of MLE to conserve the consistency property. An application to a real data set is conducted, it showed that he new distribution is more flexible than the exponential distribution.
Coefficient estimates for a subclass of bi-univalent functions involving the q-derivatives operator
Authors: Shaba Timilehin Gideon , Wanas Abbas Kareem
Published: March 2022

In this current study, we introduce and investigate a new subclass of holormorphic and bi-univalent functions 𝕰
η,ϕ

q
(ϑ) in the unit disk λ associated with q-derivative operator. The coefficient estimates |b
2| and |b
3| on the new subclass are obtained and important results are indicated.
N-soliton solutions for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation
Authors: Wang Hongye , Wang Yan
Published: March 2022

Via Hirota bilinear method and perturbation technique, a more general N-soliton solution with a parameter p for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is obtained. And two N-soliton solutions in terms of Wronskian determinant are also presented in the case of p = 1 and p = 3.
A unique common fixed point for a family of set-valued mappings
Authors: Bouhadjera Hakima , Beloul Said
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to establish some common fixed point theorems for single and set-valued mappings, under strict contractive conditions with no continuity, no completeness, no inclusions and without using neither compactness nor closeness. These theorems improve the results of Fisher [8], Ahmed [1] and [2], and others. Also, common fixed point theorems for two hybrid pairs satisfying a contractive condition of integral type are given improving the results of [3], [4] and [6].
The modified Bernstein-Stancu operators
Authors: Paşca Sergiu-Vlad
Published: March 2022

This paper is dealing with a class of operators fixing exponential functions. We study its convergence and an asymptotic formula is obtained. Finally, a comparison is stated, that shows that in a certain particular cases the new sequence approximates better than the classical ones.
On certain classes of analytic functions of Complex order defined by Erdelyi-Kober integral operator
Authors: Rosy Thomas , Thomas Asha
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider new subclasses 𝔗𝔖
n
(µ, a, b, ℓ, τ, γ) and 𝕽
n
(µ, a, b, ℓ, τ, γ) of analytic univalent functions defined by Erdelyi-Kober integral operator. We obtain coefficient inequalities, inclusion relationships involving the (n, δ)- neighborhoods, partial sums and integral mean inequalities for the functions that belongs to these classes. Also, subordinating factor sequence for the functions in the classes 𝔖
n
(µ, a, b, ℓ, τ, γ) and 𝕽
n
(µ, a, b, ℓ, τ, γ) are derived.
On Certain Subclass of Starlike Functions with Negative Coefficients Associated with Erdelyi-Kober Integral Operator
Authors: Prathiba S. , Rosy Thomas
Published: March 2022

In this research article, making use of Erdelyi-Kober integral operator, we define a new subclass Ta,c

µ
(α, β, γ, A, B) of starlike functions with negative coefficient. Various properties like coefficient estimates, neighbourhood results, integral means, partial sums and subordination results are examined for this class.
New Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions based on the Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Rossdy Munirah , Omar Rashidah , Soh Shaharuddin Cik
Published: March 2022

In this work, by using the Al-Oboudi differential operator and the rule of subordination, we introduced the new subclasses D

n,ρ

Σ,

δ
(Φ) and F

n,α

Σ,

δ
(Φ) of the bi-univalent functions. Likewise, we use the Fibonacci numbers to derive the initial coefficients bounds for |a
2| and |a
3| of the bi-univalent function subclasses.
(p, q)–derivative on univalent functions associated with subordination structure
Authors: Najafzadeh Shahram
Published: March 2022

By means of Jackson’s (p, q)–derivative a new class of univalent functions based on subordination is defined. We evoke some geometric properties such as coefficient estimate, convolution preserving, convexity and radii properties of this class of functions are obtained.
National Identity and Judicial Minimalism: Exploring The Cjeu’s Restraint in Adjudicating National Identity
Authors: Burda Jan
Published: March 2022

Even thought the Court of Justice of the EU has already decided a number of cases dealing with national identity, judicial clarification of the concept is still missing. On the contrary, the reasoning employed in the Court’s case-law leaves a lot to be desired. This article explores the reasons that lead the Court to underarticulating its decisions in identity cases. I argue that the Court’s minimalism in adjudicating national identity is rooted not only in reasons driving the Court’s general minimalist approach, but also in considerations specific to identity cases. These reasons include the national identity’s inherent potential to hinder European integration, the sensitivity of determining the content of Member States’ national identities by a supranational court, the attempts to obscure the Court’s receptivity of identity arguments, and the potential to widen the applicability of its identity rulings.
A New Regime on Protection of Public Procurement Against Foreign Subsidies Distorting the Internal Market: Mighty Paladin or Giant on the Feet of Clay?
Authors: Blažo Ondrej
Published: March 2022

As a response to possible distortive effects of foreign subsidies, which are not covered by the current rules of the World Trade Organization and primary and secondary law of the EU, on 6th May 2021 the European Commission introduced a new regime against foreign subsidies by introducing the proposal of the Regulation on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market. This new proposal includes three so-called modules: a set of measures of general application that governs theex officioreview of subsidies (Module 1), specific rules on concentrations (Module 2) and specific rules in public procurement in the EU (Module 3). The paper will focus on some of the features of Module 3 and assess the context, feasibility, and possible consequences for the course of public procurement in the EU covered by the public procurement directives
Asia and the ICC: The Development of International Criminal Law in a World Changing Order
Authors: Mahaseth Harsh , Bansal Ayushi
Published: March 2022

Although Asia houses over 50 percent of world’s population, it is under-represented in the ICC. This underrepresentation is due to rationales both legal and political in nature. While the Asian nations do lack enthusiasm towards ratifying the Rome Statute, there could be tangible benefits to becoming a part of the ICC. This could help in the ongoing development of international law in Asia as well as greater recognition of human rights, international justice and accountability, thus, further emphasizing the importance of the rule of law in the continent. The benefits of ratifying the Rome Statute outweigh any disadvantages, real or perceived, and thus, domestic steps need to be undertaken to lead to eventual ratification. This paper will trace the histories of International Criminal Law and analyse the Asian participation in its discourse while further exploring the reasons for the disinclination of the Asian nations to join the ICC.
Integration Model of the European Economic Area: Symmetric or Asymmetric?
Authors: Kováčiková Hana
Published: March 2022

Research in this article is focused on the analysis of the character of the European Economic Area. It presents a common market for thirty states from European Union (27) and European Free Trade Association (3) established by the Agreement on the European Economic Area. When regarding the size, EU is the bigger player in this relationship compared to EFTA States. On the other side, regarding the principles of international law, parties are equal to each other. These initial thoughts raised author´s interest to find out, whether this economic integration model is symmetric or asymmetric in its nature, regarding its contracting parties. Article provides an answer to this question as well as an insight on the consequences of such regime.
A Migrants’ Right to Respect for Family Life – The Problematic Developments of the European Court of Human Right’s Case Law
Authors: Edlund Jennie , Stehlík Václav
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses the inconsistency in the case law of the European Court of human Rights when applying Article 8, the right to respect for family life, of the European Convention of Human Rights in the immigration context. Even though Article 8 has permeated the area of immigration policy, critics claim that the case law has shown a number of extremely problematic developments. The main question of the paper is how the Court can be more consistent when determining a States’ compliance with Article 8. It examines whether the use of the same compliance test for all immigration cases could offer a more structured framework. The paper also explores additional adjustments in the application of Article 8 in order to improve the current development of the inconsistent case law.
Unit Value Indexes for Exports – New Developments Using Administrative Trade Data
Authors: Fast Don , Fleck Susan E. , Smith Dominic A.
Published: March 2022

U.S. import and export price indexes replaced unit value indexes forty years ago, given quality concerns of mismeasurement due to unit value bias. The administrative trade data underlying the unit values have greatly improved since that time. The transaction records are now more detailed, available electronically, and compiled monthly with little delay. The data are used by academic researchers to calculate price measures, and unit value indexes based on trade data are used by other national statistical offices (NSOs). The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is now evaluating whether replacing price indexes with unit value indexes for homogeneous products calculated from administrative trade data could expand the number of published official import and export price indexes. Using export transactions, the research calculates detailed unit value indexes from 200 + million trade records from 2012–2017 for 123 export product categories. Results show that 27 of the 123 unit value indexes are homogeneous and closely comparable to published official price indexes. This article presents the concepts and methods considered to calculate and evaluate the unit value indexes and to select the product categories that are homogeneous. Compared to official price indexes, export unit value indexes for the 27 5-digit BEA (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis) end-use product categories would deflate real exports of these goods by 13 percentage points less over the period. Incorporating these 27 indexes into the top-level XPI would increase the value of real exports of all merchandise goods by 2.6 percentage points at the end of 2017.
The Geometric Young Formula for Elementary Aggregate Producer Price Indexes
Authors: Martin Robert S. , Sadler Andy , Stanley Sara , Thompson William , Weinhagen Jonathan
Published: March 2022

We re-estimate historical U.S. Producer Price Indexes (PPI) using the geometric Young formula at the elementary level. The geometric Young has better axiomatic properties than the modified Laspeyres, and may better approximate a feasible economic target. We find in most cases, indexes that use the geometric Young escalate between 0.1 and 0.3 percentage points less each year than those that use the modified Laspeyres. However, for wholesale and retail trade, as well as some other services, the differences are much larger. As a result, using the geometric Young at the elementary level lowers the U.S. PPI for Final Demand by 0.55 percentage points per year during the study period, a magnitude larger than what has been previously found for the U.S. Consumer Price Index.
“Measuring Inflation under Pandemic Conditions”: A Comment
Authors: Abe Naohito
Published: March 2022

Diewert and Fox (2022) examine various implications of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic for constructing consumer price indexes. The authors state that the pandemic caused major changes in consumption expenditures and shares which makes fixed basket index number formulae inapplicable. They emphasize the need for more frequent surveys of consumer expenditure which will enable compilation of the Fisher index which is considered superior to the traditional Laspeyres or Young indexes. In addition, Diewert and Fox discuss the use of various “new” technologies such as web scraping, scanner data, and information from transactions through credit cards to estimate consumption expenditure.
Effective atomic number and photon buildup factor of bismuth doped tissue for photon and particles beam interaction
Authors: Srinivasan K , Samuel E James Jabaseelan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The doping of high Z nanoparticles into the tumor tissue increases the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy called nanoparticle enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). In the present study, we are identifying the effective types of radiation and effective doping concentration of bismuth radiosensitizer for NERT application by analyzing effective atomic number (Zeff) and photon buildup factor (PBF) of bismuth (Bi) doped soft tissue for the photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions.

Material and methods: The direct method was used for the calculation of Zeff for photon and electron beams (10 keV-30 MeV). The phy-X/ZeXTRa software was utilized for the particle beams such as proton, alpha particle, and carbon ions (1-15 MeV). Bismuth doping concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/g were considered. The PBF was calculated over 15 keV-15 MeV energies using phy-X/PSD software.

Results: The low energy photon (<100 keV) interaction with a higher concentration of Bi dopped tissue gives the higher values of Zeff. The Zeff increased with the doping concentration of bismuth for all types of radiation. The Zeff was dependent on the type of radiation, the energy of radiation, and the concentration of Bi doping. The particle beams such as electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interaction gives the less values of Zeff has compared to photon beam interaction. On the other hand, the photon buildup factor values were decreased while increasing the Bi doping concentration.

Conclusions: According to Zeff and PBF, the low energy photon and higher concentration of radiosensitizer are the most effective for nanoparticle enhanced radiotherapy application. Based on the calculated values of Zeff, the particle beams such as electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ions were less effective for NERT application. The presented values of Zeff and PBF are useful for the radiation dosimetry in NERT.
Discrimination at the Crossroads? Evidence from a Factorial Survey Experiment on Teacher‘s Tracking Decisions
Authors: Gilgen Sandra , Stocker Milan
Published: March 2022

Using a factorial survey experiment, we investigate whether teachers discriminate against lower class and minority children. The vignettes include information on the pupil’s gender, social and ethnic origin, academic potential, motivation, behaviour in class as well as parental educational aspirations. While the discrimination hypotheses are not supported, we find gender-specific effects of challenging behaviour, to the disadvantage of girls. Both the usefulness as well as potential pitfalls of the factorial survey approach are discussed.
Legitimacy of Group-Specific Support for College Access – Results of an Experimental Vignette Study
Authors: Hillmert Steffen , Bauer Viktoria , Engelhardt Sarah , Köstlmeier Lisa , Werner Viktoria
Published: March 2022

In an experimental vignette study, the respondents were asked to decide whether college applicants should be credited with a bonus or malus on the admission grade, for example due to their migration background, social origin, or effort. The results show that dimensions of social educational inequality tend to be considered in the direction of compensation. Hence, there is evidence of a certain legitimacy of measures in the sense of positive discrimination in university access.
Do Intensive Guidance Programs Reduce Social Inequality in the Transition to Higher Education? Results of a Field Experiment
Authors: Erdmann Melinda , Pietrzyk Irena , Helbig Marcel , Jacob Marita , Stuth Stefan
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the effect of an intensive counseling program to promote college access of students who are eligible for college. Using data from an experimental panel study, we examine the average effect on university enrollment directly after high school graduation and the effect heterogeneity by educational background. No positive effect of participation is found. We discuss these results in relation to the potential of reducing inequalities by individual counseling in Germany.
How Has Romania’s Economic Development Been Affected by NATO and EU Accession? Costs Incurred in the Field of National Security for Meeting the Criteria Required by Partners
Authors: TRĂISTARU Marius
Published: March 2022

The present paper analyses the manner in which the implementation of the measures assumed by Romania during the pre-accession period (NATO and EU) has influenced Romania’s economic development in recent years. In this regard, the topic is approached from the point of view that the costs requested by “partners” and supported by Romania were justified by subsequent results (such as economic development, improved national security, institutional reforms or improving Romania’s external image). To this effect, a custom analysis is developed to assess the extent to which Romania’s integration processes into the Euro-Atlantic structures have affected the further economic development of the country in terms of costs for securing the Romanian state, with effects that can be witnessed to this day. In the research undertaken in this paper, the social, economic and political conditions existing in Romania and in the states in its immediate vicinity during the pre-accession period are also taken into account in order to highlight the positive effects generated by NATO and EU accession on all levels (especially economic and security/geopolitical). Thus, it is demonstrated that Romania, as a member of the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union, acting in a security space based on common values, interests and objectives, on the principles and norms of democracy, the rule of law, and the market economy, has enjoyed favourable conditions for its accelerated economic and social development. From a security viewpoint, the terrorist actions/attacks carried out in recent years in European countries were not critical to Romania, but only aimed at the material destruction, political destabilization, and damage to European markets. However, the measures implemented by Romania are accompanied by a low level of trust in public institutions, meaning that all future actions of the Romanian state must take into account this vulnerability. At the same time, Romanian authorities need to understand that transparency and consultation with the public and partners are important in order to find the best ways to address threats and implement international measures.
اللغة
Authors: Ali Qadir Mustafa Jehad , Adnan Ahmad Izzat
Published: March 2022

يعد التكرار من الأساليب البلاغية المؤسَّسة على ترديد اللفظ أو الجملة؛ لأكثر من غرض، فهو ظاهرة دلالية لا شكلية فحسب، وهي مهمة جدا في اللغة العربية، وكانت مجال اهتمام كثير من النحاة والبلاغيين، وللتكرار أهمية تتناسب مع المقام الذي يرد فيه، والمقصد الذي يؤديه، وقد يُلجأ إليه في الأمور التي تحتل حيزا كبيرا من الاهتمام، والتي يُخشى إن ذُكرت دون التكرار وقوع الغلط والنسيان فيها والاستهانة بقدرها.

ويأتي التكرار بأشكال متعددة كتكرار الكلمة، أو تكرار الجملة، أو تكرار التركيب، ولابد من التنبيه إلى أن التكرار قد يرد بشكل متطابق لفظا ومعنى، وقد يرد غير متطابق، فيكون مختلفا من حيث ترتيب الألفاظ بالتقديم أو التأخير فضلا عن الزيادة أو النقصان، كأن يكون تكرار ضمير مستتر بضمير ظاهر وغير ذلك.

تناولنا دراسة التوكيد بالتكرار في مبحثين: الأول وضحنا فيه معنى مصطلحي التكرار والتوكيد، والثاني تناولنا فيه أشكال التوكيد بالتكرار التي رأينا أنها بكل أشكالها لا تخرج عن محاور المستويات اللغوية الأربعة: الصوتي، والصرفي، والنحوي التركيبي، والدلالي الذي يدخل فيه المعنى المعجمي والسياقي؛ لتحقيق مقاصد متعددة منها: التوكيد، والوصف، والمدح، والذم، والتهويل، والوعيد، وزيادة التنبيه، والتحسر، وزيادة التوجع، أو التلذذ بذكر المكرر، ولكن أهمها وأشملها التكرار، فمن المعلوم أنَّ العرب إذا أرادت المعنى مكَّنته واحتاطت له بالتكرار توكيدا، ويكون ذلك بتكرار الأول بلفظه، والثاني تكرار الأول بمعناه.
CIE 248:2022 The CIE 2016 Colour Appearance Model for Colour Management Systems: CIECAM16
Authors:   CIE JTC 10
Published: March 2022

A colour appearance model provides a viewing-condition-specific method for the transformation of the tristimulus values, X, Y, Z, to or from perceptual attribute correlates.-\n-This publication describes a specific colour appearance model, CIECAM16, which may be useful for colour management systems, used in the imaging industries, that involve related colours.-\n--\n-The main applications of the model are the evaluation of photographic prints and self-luminous displays, where the colours will be perceived as related colours.-\n--\n-This model is based on the CAM16 colour appearance model. It consists of a chromatic adaptation transform and equations to calculate a set of perceptual attribute correlates using the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer. This report provides revisions to the CIE colour appearance model for colour management systems that involve related colours, CIECAM02. The CIECAM16 model is simpler than the original CIECAM02 model, but it maintains the same prediction performance for visual data as the original model. The evolution and application of this colour appearance model, CIECAM16, are presented, as is additional information about the use of the model in practical applications. Keywords: Colour perception, Colour vision, Object Colours, Colour applications, Colour appearance model, Colour management systems, CIECAM02, CIECAM16, Chromatic adaptation transform, Tristimulus values
Proportional-Integral -Derivative Controller Using Embedded System Design Techniques
Authors: Khalil Mazin R. , Mahmood Saja B.
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to design a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller to be configured on fieldprogrammable gate arrays(FPGAs) using Embedded Design Techniques(EDTs). Soft-core processorsystem is built using Integrated Software Environment (ISE 10.1)supplied by Xilinx and configured onSpartan 3E slice. The system is programmed by C language to act as PID controller .Trapezoidal rule isused for integration and finite difference method is used for derivative calculation .The designedcontroller is connected to a Matlab /Simulink of a DC motor model to check its functionality.
Development Insulation Performance of Concrete Masonry Units
Authors: Salih Shakir A. , Khalil Wasan I. , Ali Amer Abbas
Published: March 2022

Thermal insulation of buildings takes more of researchers' interest because of differenteconomical and ecological considerations. Thermal insulation of walls is a principal part ofthermal insulation system for any building.This paper includes production of four types of no-slump concrete including, normal weightconcrete, semi-lightweight concrete, no-fines concrete and lightweight concrete. Theirproperties including, density, compressive strength and absorption were studded and theirthermal conductivity were calculated. Concrete oven-dry densities range was 1664.2-2141.6kg/m3, compressive strength was 5.3-15.7 N/mm2, absorption was 6.3-16.7 % and their thermalconductivity was 0.576-1.047 W/m.K. In addition, the research includes production two types ofconcrete masonry units (CMU) from each type of concrete and studies their properties including,compressive strength and absorption. The overall heat transfer coefficient for each type wascalculated. The results show that the reduction in concrete density by 22% results a reduction inoverall heat transfer coefficient for CMU by about 28% for CMU type I and 15% for CMU type II,the results also show that the change in cavities sizes and their arrangements into CMUreduces the overall heat transfer coefficient between 11-28% depends on concrete density. Thecombination between the two strategies results to optimum reduction in overall heat transfercoefficient of about 36%.
Classification of Selected Ground Water Wells within and around Mosul City according to their Water Quality Using Factor and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Shihab Abdulmuhsin S. , Hashim Abeer
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to classify 66 wells within and around Mosul city according to theirwater quality using cluster analysis. Water samples were collected and analyzed for pH, totaldissolved solids, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate usingstandard methods. The data were analyzed statistically using factor and cluster analysis. Theresults of factor analysis show four groups. Conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulphate andcalcium represents the first group with the highest percent of variation (30.55%) between wells.Cluster analysis divided the wells into four homogenous clusters. The first cluster represents15(22.7%) of the wells, most of the wells of this cluster are distributed along Tigris river withlowest pH, highest sulphate and bicarbonate concentration. The second cluster includes thelargest number of wells 33(50%) with the lowest salinity since it had the lowest conductivity,total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium and chloride. The third cluster with 4(6.1%) wells,had the highest salinity since it had the highest conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium,magnesium and chloride. The fourth cluster includes 14(21.2%) of less acidity wells with highestpH and highest bicarbonate concentration. The research concluded that cluster analysis couldbe used as an efficient statistical grouping tool according to water quality parameters.Additionally, factor analysis can be used to analyze a large number of data and study thevariation in water quality.
Investigation the Performance of Electro-Optical AC Voltage LiNbO3 Sensor Based on Pockels Effect
Authors: Nawaf Shahir F.
Published: March 2022

In contrast to conventional voltage sensor technology (e.g., inductive voltagetransformers or capacitive voltage transformers), optical sensors have inherent andadvantageous features, such as wider bandwidth, larger dynamic range and lighter weight.The aim of this work is to implement an AC voltage sensor based on Pockels electro-opticeffect in LiNbO3 crystal. The research has been conducted in two ways .The first way is theinstallation tested uses external electrodes and a He-Ne laser as a light source, whereas thesecond way is by using the direct voltage application to the metalized sides of the LiNbO3crystal built into an optic cell. Results of both tests shows that by using the direct voltageapplication to the metalized sides of the LiNbO3 crystal built into an optic cell led to betterrepeatability of voltage measurements and corresponds to more realistic conditions.
Study and Analysis of Multi-Pulse Converters in Modern Aircraft Electrical Power System
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed M.
Published: March 2022

In this paper a complete model of aircraft electrical system is simulated and analyzed using 24-pulse techniques in power conversion. The classical aircraft electrical system is described in thispaper. The performance characteristics of 24-pulse converters are studied with differentconditions of operation and the simulated model is tested with different jet engine speed whichyields to different frequencies of operation from 400Hz to 1200 Hz. The simulated system isdescribed and analyzed in two sections; Generating-Rectifying and Inverting unit. In order tomatch the practical condition, different types of load are considered here such as; constantpower load, constant voltage load, constant current load, passive and dynamic load. Thevoltage and current for the generator side and inverter side are recorded and the total harmonicdistortion (THD) is calculated for different conditions of operation. The obtained results arecompared with conventional 6-pulse converters which are used in classical aircraft electricalpower system. The proposed system is simulated and analyzed using the PSIM 9 softwarepackage with analysis completed in MATLAB 2010.
Properties of High Performance Concrete Containing Stone Powder as Replacement of Cement
Authors: Ismaeel Nadia S . , Khalaf Mohammed A .
Published: March 2022

The need to produce high performance concrete led the researches to try to exploit thepotentialities of natural or artificial materials so as to improve the performance of concrete. Whitesandstone powder has been used as an alternative of proportion on cement after being processed,since its main oxides are similar to those of cement.The aim of this research is to study the effect of added (10,15,20,25)% white sandstone powder asreplacement of cement, used in concrete mix which it has a mixing proportion of(1:1.6:1.2;w/c=0.28), and it is shown their effect on some of mechanical properties (compressivestrength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength).The test results shows clear improvement in some mechanical properties of concrete by using 20%sandstone powder. The increment ratio in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, andflexural strength were (32, 42.5, 31.6)% respectively for each compared with reference mixture forthe same duration.
Effect of Using Windows Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate on Some Properties of Concrete
Authors: Keryou Abdelmaseeh Bakos , Ibrahim Gailan Jibrael
Published: March 2022

The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of using waste glass (WG) on some mechanical properties of concrete at both fresh and hardened stages. In our study, we used local windows waste glass (WG) as partial replacement of fine aggregates with 0, 20, 25, and 30% percentages (by weight).The experimental results obtained from testing specimens prepared from concrete mixes with water/cement ratio equal to 0.5, showed that the optimum percentage of fine waste glass to be used within the concrete mix was 20%. At this percentage of replacement the compressive strength obtained at 28-days age was 39 MPa compared with 30.32 MPa for reference concrete mix.
Secured Watermarking Image Using Spread Spectrum
Authors: Mohammed Salih Abdulkareem
Published: March 2022

Due to the increased development in technique of data transfer over internet and transmission media, the access and copy to these data in unathentical manner became a big challenge in the transmission media. This challenge led to make effort in digital multimedia security. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to protect image from unauthentication access using watermarking. The watermarking algorithm hide the mark image in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform and extract it at the receiver from the transmitted image without need for origin image. The basic principle of the algorithm is depend on spread spectrum communications. The spread spectrum depend on transmit a narrow band signal over a much larger bandwidth where that the signal energy is undetectable. Similarly, the watermark image bits are spread by a large factor called chip-rate so that it is imperceptible and arrange in cover image in away where if the half of the watermarked image is cropped, the watermark image is not affected. The proposed algorithm efficiency is measured by using many of measurement factors such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Normalized Correlation Coefficient NC, the watermark robustness and feasibility are measured by using many types of attacks.
Optimization of Eye Diagram Based on Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalizer for High Speed Digital System
Authors: Kanaan Amenah. I.
Published: March 2022

Eye diagram used in a lot of radio and telecommunication application, but it can also be used in digital signal integrity. This kind of analysis is a common indicator of performance in digital transmission systems. As integration density and data rates increase, dispersive losses, reflections and crosstalk can severely degrade signal integrity. Fortunately, these effects are linear processes. Accordingly, simple, on-chip signal processing techniques can compensate for them. In this paper we introduce an approach to improve eye diagram for data transmission that indicate the signal strength by using adaptive Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) in receiver circuits of digital system. The simulation results are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Study the Effect of Rotational Speed and Pouring Temperature on the Wear Resistance and Hardness of Alloy (A380) Reinforced with Different Volume Fraction of Alumina Particles
Authors: Mahdi Farouk M. , Salman Najeeb A. , Hameed Mohannad A.
Published: March 2022

In this study a cylindrical liner was produced by horizontal centrifugal casting process. The liner was composed from aluminum alloy (A380) matrix reinforced with alumina particles (Al2O3) with grain size of (63−125)μ and volume percent of 10,15 and 20%. The die was rotated at different speeds and its temperature was remained constant at (350)ºC.In this present study it was concluded that any increase in temperature difference between pouring and die temperature will reduce the surface defects. This study reveals that increasing the rotational speed refines the grain size but cause the alumina particles to be concentrated at the outer surface. Finally it was found that the addition of alumina particles increases both hardness and wear resistance of the alloy.
Study the Influential Factors in the Hit Rate of Cache Memory for a Multiprocessors System
Authors: Zaqzuq Ammar A.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an analytical and deductive study at software and hardware level for a symmetric multiprocessors system. Basic influential factors in the performance as cache memory size, processors number, and coherence protocols of cache memories are defined and compared, and a different simulations and evaluations of multiple experimental values of these parameters have been carried out also. In order to speed up the parallel processing and to improve the performance for realizing the execution in real time, harmonious values of these factors are obtained as experimental results.
Modeling and Simulation Control of Buck Converter Applied to Solar Energy
Authors: Abdulfatah Azahar S. , Sae’d Esraa K.
Published: March 2022

The great difficulty in controlling the value of the continuous voltage and the inability to use electrical transformers because of constant produce flux by the direct current(DC) with time, therefore must be find other ways to control the continuous voltage value. The best methods used for this purpose are power electronics circuit, these circuits is buck converter, as a result of the output voltage becomes lower than from the input voltage. the renewable energies need to converter circuits to enable consumers to use and the circuit which represent the heart of the hybrid system (the sun /wind).This research addresses use modern methods in the control of buck converter used with the hybrid systems (solar energy / wind) as well as mathematically represented using the equations and computer simulation program and the famous (proteas (ISIS professional)) .
The evaluation of the usefulness of CO2 laser in microsurgical resection of brain tumors
Authors: Nerntengian Ntenis , Tanrikulu Levent , Manoussos Michael Anthony , Barettas Nikolaos , Gkasdaris Grigorios , Birbilis Theodosios
Published: March 2022

Background:

Since its introduction to surgery, the CO2 laser has been used in the treatment of various neurosurgical pathologies as it combines cutting, vaporizing, and coagulating properties in one tool and has a safe penetration depth. In this case series of 29 patients, we present the evaluation of the usefulness of the closed system type – sealed tube surgical CO2 laser in the surgical removal of brain tumors.

Methods:

The Sharplan 40C model SurgiTouch, sealed tube type CO2 laser, was used in the resection of 29 brain tumors; 13 meningiomas, six metastases, nine gliomas, and one acoustic neuroma. The same senior surgeon (BT) assessed and classified the benefit provided by the CO2 laser in the resection of the neoplasms to considerable (Group 1), moderate (Group 2), and poor (Group 3).

Results:

Group 1 included 14 patients with 13 meningiomas and one acoustic neuroma, Group 2 included six patients, all of whom had metastases, and Group 3 included nine patients of which six had glioblastoma and three astrocytoma. No complications or technical problems occurred due to the use of the CO2 laser.

Conclusion:

The CO2 laser is a valuable complementary tool in brain tumor surgery displaying high efficacy and practicality in the resection of neoplasms which are fibrous and have hard consistency. It has high acquisition and maintenance cost and cannot replace the bipolar diathermy. The newest generation of flexible CO2 laser fiber provides more ergonomy and promises new perspectives of its neurosurgical use in the modern era.
Concise Syntheses of ent-Aquilanol A and Aquilanol B via Retro-cycloisomerization of (-)-Caryophyllene Oxide. Access to Medium-sized Oxygenated Carbocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Maliori Anastasia , Athanasiadou Theodora , Psomiadou Venetia , Stathakis Christos
Published: March 2022

The first concise synthesis of naturally occurring aquilanols A and B, two unprecedented 7/10 bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, is present-ed. Key features of the synthesis are a retrocycloisomerization event on (-)-caryophyllene oxide to form the eleven-membered car-bocyclic frame and an intramolecular epoxide opening to construct the bicyclic skeleton. The latter provides evidence to plausible biosynthesis of natural compounds, rendering our synthesis biomimetic. Our plan provides selectively access to other medium-sized carbocyclic oxygenated compounds, thus enhancing the structural diversity of final products.
Study on the tolerance of low-temperature CO methanation with single pulse experiments
Authors: Friedland Jens , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert
Published: March 2022

In this contribution, single pulse reaction experiments are discussed in the context of dynamic reactor operation and used to determine the tolerance of reactors arising from sorption effects at the catalyst surface. A defined amount of CO is dosed together with an internal standard (He) in a constant H2 stream, and the pulse response is observed with reference to the internal standard, which is representing the fluid dynamics of the injected pulse. Different responses are obtained depending on the catalyst mass (Ni/Al2O3) and the operation temperature (170°C-300°C). The tolerance of the reactor can be deduced from the experimental findings. On the one hand, the catalyst adsorption capacity determines the ability to buffer fluctuations at low reaction temperatures (𝑇<220 °𝐶), which are beneficial for full-conversion, overcoming thermodynamic restrictions. On the other hand, temperature determines the transient response of the system and is independent of the catalyst mass. From these findings the study reveals that reactors represent important buffer systems during load changes in dynamic operation modes and provide an intrinsic tolerance originating from sorption processes at the catalyst surface.
Why Do Liquids Mix? The Mixing of Protic Ionic Liquids Sharing the Same Cation is Apparently Driven by Enthalpy, not Entropy
Authors: Golub Benjamin , Ondo Daniel , Ludwig Ralf , Paschek Dietmar
Published: March 2022

We study hydrogen bond (HB) redistribution in mixtures of two protic ionic liquids (PILs) sharing the same cation: triethylammonium-methanesulfonate ([TEA][OMs]) and triethylammonium-trifluoromethanesulfonate ([TEA][OTf]). The mixture is exhibiting large negative energies of mixing. Based on results obtained from atomic detail molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we derive a lattice model, discriminating between HB and nonspecific intermolecular interactions. We demonstrate that due to the ordered structure of the PILs, mostly the HB interactions contribute to the mixing energy. This allows to us to connect the equilibrium of HBs to each of the two anion species with the corresponding excess energies and entropies. The entropy associated with HB redistribution is shown to be negative, and even overcompensating the positive entropy associated with a statistical distribution of the ions in the mixture. This is strongly suggesting that the mixing process is driven by enthalpy, not entropy.
Probing Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Structural Details of Multivalent Lectin-Glycan Interactions by Quantum Dot-FRET
Authors: Hooper James , Liu Yuanyuan , Budhadev Darshita , Zhou Dejian , Guo Yuan
Published: March 2022

Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions (MLGIs) are widely employed for bio- recognition and discrimination, but they are also exploited by pathogens to infect host cells. Their biophysical details (e.g. thermodynamics, kinetics, binding modes and binding site orientation) are thus highly valuable, not only for elucidating the underlying mechanisms, but also for guiding the design of multivalent therapeutics against specific MLGIs. However, these details are not readily available due to the limitations of conventional biophysical techniques in probing such complex, flexible interactions. We have recently established densely glycosylated quantum dots (glycan-QDs) as novel structural probes for MLGIs. Using a pair of important, almost identical tetrameric lectins, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, as the model lectins, we have shown that glycan-QDs can not only provide quantitative binding affinities but also dissect their distinct binding modes: DC-SIGN binds simultaneously with one glycan-QD whereas DC-SIGNR inter-cross-links. Herein, we further extend the capacity of the glycan-QD probes to investigate how binding mode affects the binding thermodynamics and kinetics, and probe a structural basis of their binding nature. We show that, while both lectin-glycan-QD interactions are enthalpy driven, with similar binding enthalpy changes (~4 times that of monovalent binding measured by ITC), DC-SIGN binding pays a lesser entropy penalty than DC-SIGNR, giving rise to a stronger affinity. We also reveal that a short C-terminal segment at the flexible junction between the tetramerization domain and glycan binding domain in DC-SIGN, absent in DC-SIGNR, plays a critical role in maintaining DC-SIGN’s glycan-QD binding properties: its removal leads to an entirely different binding enthalpy and entropy profile, despite maintaining the same binding mode. Furthermore, we show that the simultaneous lectin-glycan-QD binding partners give single 2nd-order kon rates which rapidly reach saturation, whereas cross-linking partners give two distinct on-rates: a rapid initial association step, followed by a much slower secondary interaction. Together, our work have established glycan-QDs as a powerful new biophysical platform for solution-based MLGI studies which can provide a wide range of important biophysical parameters.
Transient behavior of CO and CO2 hydrogenation on Fe@SiO2 core-shell model catalysts – A stoichiometric analysis of experimental data
Authors: Zambrzycki Christian , Güttel Robert
Published: March 2022

Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 from industrial exhaust gases into CH4 represents a promising method for sustainable chemical energy storage. While iron-based catalysts are in principle suitable for that purpose, the active metal Fe undergoes complex transformation during the chemical reaction process. However, only little is known on the change in catalytically active species under reaction conditions, primarily caused by structural changes in the catalyst material, so far. By using core-shell model-materials, factors that alter the catalyst structure can be excluded, making it possible to observe the direct influence of the reactants on the activity in the present work. Furthermore, stoichiometric analysis is used as a key tool for the evaluation of individual key reactions in the complex reaction network purely from experimental data and thus, makes it possible to draw conclusions about the catalyst state. In the case of CO hydrogenation, the presumed Boudouard reaction and the associated carburization of the catalyst can be quantified and the main reaction (CO methanation) can be determined. The results of CO2 hydrogenation show that here mainly reverse water-gas-shift reaction takes place, but under ongoing change of the catalytic active iron phase. Due to the systematic exchange between CO and CO2 in the reactant gas stream, a mutual influence could also be observed. The results from stoichiometric analysis provide the basis for the development of kinetic models for the key reactions in future work.
Test
Authors: Injeti Neelam
Published: March 2022

check
Memórias da repressão do governo revolucionário a homossexuais em Cuba
Authors: Rodrigues Amanda Aparecida Gomes
Published: March 2022

Na década de 1960 funcionaram em Cuba as Unidades Militares de Ajuda Ã  Produção (UMAPs). Oficialmente, essas unidades eram centros de trabalho agrícola cujo objetivo era recrutar jovens que não eram considerados capacitados para o serviço militar. No entanto durante o período de funcionamento dessas unidades surgiram denúncias de que as UMAPS estariam funcionando como prisões para os sexualmente desviados, grupos religiosos, hippies, e para presos políticos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho analisa testemunhos de ex-umapianos, no período compreendido entre 2007 e 2019, acerca das experiências de homossexuais que foram confinados nas UMAPs e sofreram com a repressão praticada pelo governo revolucionário. Para isso, são analisados artigos de opinião e notícias veiculadas em blogs de dissidentes cubanos e em jornais on-line, com ênfase para as memórias subalternas e suas formas de emersão em meio Ã s disputas de poder.
desenvolvimentismo de Furtado e o liberalismo de Campos?
Authors: Coelho Fernando Mendes
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir através das obras autobiográficas de Celso Furtado e Roberto Campos as possíveis conexões de redes intelectuais estabelecidas entre os dois economistas a partir do ano de 1953. Para tal objetivo utilizaremos como referencial teórico as contribuições de Eduardo Devés-Valdés e outros autores complementares para visualizarmos as possibilidades teóricas e metodológicas que permitem a abordagem da História Intelectual. O interesse em abordar os dois economistas citados refere-se ao papel de protagonismo que ambos tiveram no pensamento econômico brasileiro do século XX, principalmente ao elaborarem influentes teorias econômicas, participarem de parcerias, comissões mistas e governos, principalmente atuando como planejadores. A hipótese central do artigo é que foi estabelecida uma conexão de rede intelectual entre Furtado e Campos na época da formação da Comissão Mista CEPAL-BNDE. Para trabalhar esta hipótese iremos explorar dentro das obras autobiográficas as aproximações e distanciamentos entre os dois economistas.