bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Potential of Least Squares Response Method for the Calibration of Superconducting Gravimeters
Authors: Abd El-Gelil Mahmoud , Pagiatakis Spiros , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: July 2012

One of the most important operating procedures after the installation of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) is its calibration. The calibration process can identify and evaluate possible time variability in the scale factor and in the hardware anti-aliasing filter response. The SG installed in Cantley, Canada is calibrated using two absolute gravimeters and the data are analysed in the time and frequency domains to estimate the SG scale factor. In the time domain, we use the weighted linear regression method whereas in the frequency domain we use the least squares response method. Rigorous statistical procedures are applied to define data disturbances, outliers, and realistic data noise levels. Using data from JILA-2 and FG5-236 separately, the scale factor is estimated in the time and frequency domains as−78.374±0.012 μGal/V and−78.403±0.075 μGal/V, respectively. The relative accuracy in the time domain is 0.015%. We cannot identify any significant periodicity in the scale factor. The hardware anti-aliasing filter response is tested by injecting known waves into the control electronics of the system. Results show that the anti-aliasing filter response is stable and conforms to the global geodynamics project standards.
Periodic Solutions of a Lotka‐Volterra System with Delay and Diffusion
Authors: Li Lin , Luo Mingxing , Nan Zhijie , Shi Sihong
Published: July 2012

Our purpose is to prove the existence of periodic solutions for a competition Lotka‐Volterra system on time scales, and one example is given to illustrate our results.
The Integrated Use of Enterprise and System Dynamics Modelling Techniques in Support of Business Decisions
Authors: Agyapong-Kodua K. , Weston R. H. , Ratchev S.
Published: July 2012

Enterprise modelling techniques support business process (re)engineering by capturing existing processes and based on perceived outputs, support the design of future process models capable of meeting enterprise requirements. System dynamics modelling tools on the other hand are used extensively for policy analysis and modelling aspects of dynamics which impact on businesses. In this paper, the use of enterprise and system dynamics modelling techniques has been integrated to facilitate qualitative and quantitative reasoning about the structures and behaviours of processes and resource systems used by a Manufacturing Enterprise during the production of composite bearings. The case study testing reported has led to the specification of a new modelling methodology for analysing and managing dynamics and complexities in production systems. This methodology is based on a systematic transformation process, which synergises the use of a selection of public domain enterprise modelling, causal loop and continuous simulation modelling techniques. The success of the modelling process defined relies on the creation of useful CIMOSA process models which are then converted to causal loops. The causal loop models are then structured and translated to equivalent dynamic simulation models using the proprietary continuous simulation modelling tool iThink.
Wine Polyphenols: Potential Agents in Neuroprotection
Authors: Basli Abdelkader , Soulet Stéphanie , Chaher Nassima , Mérillon Jean-Michel , Chibane Mohamed , Monti Jean-Pierre , Richard Tristan
Published: July 2012

There are numerous studies indicating that a moderate consumption of red wine provides certain health benefits, such as the protection against neurodegenerative diseases. This protective effect is most likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds in wine. Wine polyphenolic compounds are well known for the antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is involved in many forms of cellular and molecular deterioration. This damage can lead to cell death and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Extensive investigations have been undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effects of wine-related polyphenols. In this review we present the neuroprotective abilities of the major classes of wine-related polyphenols.
Persistent Hiccups—An Unusual Presentation of Bilateral Pheochromocytoma without Syndromic Association: A Case Report
Authors: Aherrao Nitin , Kumar Nilesh , Gambhir Indarajeet Singh , Kishore Dhiraj , Singh Suryakumar , Mishra Abhinandan , Anand Aravind
Published: July 2012

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor arising from chromaffin tissue in the adrenal medulla, occurring in less than 0.2 percent of patients with hypertension. The mean age at diagnosis is about 40 years. Pheochromocytomas are commonly inherited as features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or several other pheochromocytoma-associated syndromes and have variable clinical presentation. Among the presenting symptoms, episodes of palpitations, headaches, and profuse sweating are typical and constitute a classic triad. We report a case of a 17-year-old male patient with rare bilateral pheochromocytoma presenting with persistent hiccups for 4 months and blurring of vision for 1 week, later followed by hypertensive crisis. There was neither family history of pheochromocytoma nor any classic symptoms. Patient was diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytoma without any syndromic association. But still this patient needs to be followed for future development of medullary carcinoma of thyroid because it could be an initial presentation of MEN 2A/2B/VHL syndromes. Our paper highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for persistent hiccups and careful clinical screening for hypertension even in absence of associated syndromes of pheochromocytoma and classical symptoms to achieve prompt diagnosis and to avoid improper management.
Development of a Vascularized Skin Construct Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Debrided Burned Skin
Authors: Chan Rodney K. , Zamora David O. , Wrice Nicole L. , Baer David G. , Renz Evan M. , Christy Robert J. , Natesan Shanmugasundaram
Published: July 2012

Large body surface area burns pose significant therapeutic challenges. Clinically, the extent and depth of burn injury may mandate the use of allograft for temporary wound coverage while autografts are serially harvested from the same donor areas. The paucity of donor sites in patients with burns involving large surface areas highlights the need for better skin substitutes that can achieve early and complete coverage and retain normal skin durability with minimal donor requirements. We have isolated autologous stem cells from the adipose layer of surgically debrided burned skin (dsASCs), using a point-of-care stem cell isolation device. These cells, in a collagen—polyethylene glycol fibrin-based bilayer hydrogel, differentiate into an epithelial layer, a vascularized dermal layer, and a hypodermal layer.All-trans-retinoicacid and fenofibrate were used to differentiate dsASCs into epithelial-like cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a matrix- and time-dependent change in the expression of stromal, vascular, and epithelial cell markers. These results indicate that stem cells isolated from debrided skin can be used as a single autologous cell source to develop a vascularized skin construct without culture expansion or addition of exogenous growth factors. This technique may provide an alternative approach for cutaneous coverage after extensive burn injuries.
Covariant Canonical Method for Yang-Mills Theory Expressed as a Constrained BF-Like Theory
Authors: Escalante Alberto , García Irving
Published: July 2012

The covariant canonical analysis for Yang-Mills theory expressed as a BF-like action is performed. We study a BF-like action, that in spite of being the coupling of two topological terms, yield, on shell to Yang-Mills action. In addition, by using the results obtained in the covariant canonical approach we study the symmetries of the action, in particular we calculate its energy-momentum tensor obtaining the same tensor found for Yang-Mills theory; then we confirm those results by using Noether's theorem.
Oscillation and Asymptotic Behavior of Higher-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: Džurina J. , Baculíková B.
Published: July 2012

The aim of this paper is to offer a generalization of the Philos and Staikos lemma. As a possible application of the lemma in the oscillation theory, we study the asymptotic properties and oscillation of thenth order delay differential equations(E)(r(t)[x(n−1)(t)]γ)′+q(t)xγ(τ(t))=0. The results obtained utilize also the comparison theorems.
Relationships between Cognitive Functions and Driving Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ranchet Maud , Broussolle Emmanuel , Poisson Alice , Paire-Ficout Laurence
Published: July 2012

Alterations in cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported even in mild stages of the disease. These functions may play a role in complex daily activities, such as driving. This article provides an overview on the relationships between cognitive functions and driving behavior in PD in driving simulator and on-road studies. The role of attention, executive functions, visual memory, visuospatial construction and information processing speed is discussed. In driving simulator studies, driving performances were correlated with several neuropsychological measures, especially those of Trail Making Test (TMT), Brixton and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. In on-road studies, TMT, Useful Field Of View and Block Design tests appear as good predictors of driving performances. Most of these tests are also relevant to driving in Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury.
Temporal Trends in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in Northern Italy: Results from the Cardiovascular Monitoring Unit in Northern Italy Population-Based Register, 1998–2004
Authors: Bonzini M. , Ferrario M.M. , Bertù L. , Bono G. , Vidale S. , Veronesi G. , Chambless L. , Cesana G.C.
Published: July 2012

Background: We compared rates and case fatality from a population-based stroke register in Northern Italy between 1998 and 2004 to assess changes over time and to evaluate changes in case diagnosis and management. Methods: The WHO Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease criteria were used to identify suspected fatal or nonfatal events occurring among residents 35–74 years of age. Data on in-hospital treatments, symptoms and diagnostic tools were extracted. Out-of-hospital deaths were also investigated. The annual average relative change (ARC) in death rate, attack rate and case fatality were derived from Poisson models. Results: Death rates due to ischemic stroke (IS) decreased [men: ARC –12.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) –21.3 to –3.2; women: ARC –14.0, 95% CI –23.3 to –3.5]. These reductions are attributable to decreases in case fatality; attack rates of nonfatal IS increased (men: ARC 3.6, 95% CI 0.5–6.7; women: ARC 4.1, 95% CI 0.0–8.2). IS patients showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension and underwent MRI more frequently in 2004. Both findings may explain the increased proportions of less severe cases. Case fatality and attack rates for hemorrhagic strokes (HS) were stable, with an observed increased prevalence of patients under anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatments. Conclusions: In this low-IS-incidence population, death rates decreased substantially during the investigated period. More accurate diagnostic tools increase the probability of detecting less severe cases. HS remains a frequently fatal disease with a stable incidence.
Seizures in Acute Stroke: Incidence, Risk Factors and Prognosis
Authors: Procaccianti Gaetano , Zaniboni Anna , Rondelli Francesca , Crisci Michela , Sacquegna Tommaso
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose: Studies on post-stroke seizures have produced conflicting results. Our study aim was to further elucidate the incidence and predictive factors of early post-stroke seizures (ES) and their relationship with outcome. Methods: relevant clinical data were prospectively collected in 2,053 patients with acute stroke admitted to the Stroke Unit from 2004 to 2008. Results: Sixty-six patients (8 hemorrhagic and 58 ischemic strokes) aged 73–88 years (mean age 82 years) presented seizures in the first week after stroke onset. The type of ischemic stroke was atherothrombotic in 10 patients, cardioembolic in 21, lacunar in 4, undetermined in 19, and of other etiology in 4. Twenty-seven patients had generalized convulsive, 6 had complex partial, and 33 had simple partial seizures. Status epilepticus was observed in 13 patients. The severity of strokes in patients with ES was greater than in those without (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >14 in 50 vs. 25%), so mortality (30 days) was higher (29 vs. 14%). Independent seizure predictors were: total anterior circulation infarct, hemorrhagic transformation, hyperglycemia, and the interaction term diabetes × hyperglycemia. Conclusions: ES may be considered a marker of stroke severity. Cortical location of the lesion, hemorrhagic transformation, and hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes are important predictors of ES.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Testis in Hydrocele: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gulum Mehmet , Cece Hasan , Yeni Ercan , Savas Murat , Ciftci Halil , Karakas Ekrem , Celik Hakim , Yagmur Ismail
Published: July 2012

Objective: To investigate the effects of increased pressure due to the accumulated fluid around testis in hydrocele on testis diffusion and whether this effect (if any) is correlated with the amount of fluid and duration of hydrocele. Patients and Method: 49 patients with unilateral hydrocele were evaluated by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Results: In the study group, while the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the testicles with hydrocele differed significantly before and 3 months after the hydrocelectomy (p = 0.001), the ADC values of the testicles without hydrocele were not statistically different (p = 0.101). There was a significant negative correlation between the ADC values of the testicles with hydrocele and the amount of the liquid aspirated during the hydrocelectomy (r = –0.615, p = 0.001). There was no correlation between the ADC values of testis and the duration of hydrocele (r = –287, p = 0.156). This is supported by the findings of the present study of reduced ADC values of testis, meaning reduced diffusion of the testis, with an increasing amount of fluid. Conclusion: The pressure of the fluid was suggested to show a mechanical effect that plays an important role in the dysfunction of the testis. The possible dysfunctions of the testicular tissue suggest that they may have a negative effect on fertility.
Urinary Erythropoietin Concentrations after Early Short-Term Infusion of High-Dose Recombinant Epo for Neuroprotection in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Dame Christof , Langer Juliane , Koller Brigitte M. , Fauchère Jean-Claude , Bucher Hans Ulrich
Published: July 2012

Background: High-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) has first been administered in clinical trials for neuroprotection in very preterm neonates at high risk of brain injury and in (near-) term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, recent trials in adults raised concerns about the safety of high-dose rEpo for neuro- and cardioprotection. Objectives: To evaluate the putative accumulation or renal leakage of Epo as a function of developmental stage after repetitive early short-term infusion of high-dose rEpo (3 × 3,000 U/kg within 42 h after birth; NCT00413946) for neuroprotection in very preterm infants. Methods: Epo concentrations were measured using the ELISA technique in the first two consecutive urine specimens after each rEpo infusion. Results: Renal Epo excretion was significantly higher in preterm infants with gestational ages <29 weeks than in more mature infants and reached up to 23% of the administered rEpo within 8 h after each infusion. The urinary Epo concentration did not increase after three repetitive infusions of high-dose rEpo. The ratio of urinary Epo to total protein concentrations was the same in infants with gestational ages <29 weeks and in those with gestational ages ≥29 weeks. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the higher renal Epo excretion in more immature infants may be attributed to a higher glomerular filtration leakage due to the lower maturation of the kidneys and argue against saturation kinetics after multiple doses of 3,000 U/kg rEpo. This information should be considered in future trials on the use of rEpo for neuroprotection in neonates.
Elevated Acetoacetate and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Levels in Cord Blood of Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Kurepa Dalibor , Pramanik Arun K. , Kakkilaya Venkatakrishna , Caldito Gloria , Groome Lynn J. , Bocchini Joseph A. , Jain Sushil K.
Published: July 2012

Background: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk for metabolic complications. Type 1 and some type 2 diabetic patients have elevated levels of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how hyperketonemia in diabetic mothers affects markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in their offspring. Methods: Blood was obtained from 23 diabetic mothers and 13 healthy mothers and their infants’ umbilical cords at delivery. Interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and protein carbonyl (protein oxidation) levels were determined by ELISA. U937 human monocyte cell culture was used to examine the effect of AA and BHB on secretion of MCP-1. Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of AA in cord blood of IDMs compared with cord blood of infants of healthy mothers. A significant increase in the levels of protein oxidation (p < 0.05) and MCP-1 levels (p < 0.05) was observed in the cord blood of IDMs. The level of MCP-1 correlated significantly (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) with the concentration of AA in the IDMs. In further experiments with cultured monocytes treated with exogenous AA (0–4 mM), a significant increase in MCP-1 secretion was observed in AA- but not BHB-treated monocytes. Conclusion: Blood levels of AA and MCP-1 are elevated in IDMs, which may contribute to the development of the metabolic complications seen in IDMs.
Use of Nonabsorbable Staples for Urinary Diversion: A Step in the Wrong Direction
Authors: Suriano Francesca , Daneshmand Siamak , Buscarini Maurizio
Published: July 2012

Background: The use of bowel segments incorporated into the urinary tract is well established in urological surgery. Objective: To describe and compare the use of absorbable and nonabsorbable staples for creation of a urine reservoir after radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods: This review is based on a systematic Medline search assessing the period 1950-2010. Results: Use of the autosuture stapling device for the construction of the urinary diversion significantly reduces operating time. Johnson and Fuerst reported its use for the first time to construct a ureteroileocutaneous urinary diversion in 1973. However, many studies demonstrated that exposed metal staples represent a nidus for stone formation when they are in direct contact with urine, particularly in urinary diversions such as Kock pouch and ileal conduit. Stone formation has been attributed in part to the use of nonabsorbable artificial materials, such as metal staples and Marlex mesh, strictures of the pouch and accumulation of mucus. The treatment options for pouch calculi include observation for spontaneous passage, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous or endoscopic lithotripsy/lithotomy. Conclusions: Historically, the mean time to stone formation with nonabsorbable material (staples, Marlex mesh) is 34 months. None of the studies on use of nonabsorbable staples in urinary diversion has such a long follow-up. Until further studies with more appropriate observation time are completed, the use of nonabsorbable staples for continent and noncontinent urinary diversion should be discouraged.
Novel VANGL1 Gene Mutations in 144 Slovakian, Romanian and German Patients with Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Bartsch O. , Kirmes I. , Thiede A. , Lechno S. , Gocan H. , Florian I.S. , Haaf T. , Zechner U. , Sabova L. , Horn F.
Published: July 2012

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of congenital malformations of the central nervous system occurring at an average rate of 1 per 1,000 human pregnancies worldwide. Numerous genetic and environmental factors are discussed to be relevant in their etiology. In mice, mutants in >200 genes including the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway are known to cause NTDs, and recently, heterozygous mutations in the human VANGL1 gene have been described in a small subset of patients with NTDs. We performed a VANGL1 mutation analysis in 144 unrelated individuals with NTDs from Slovakia, Romania and Germany and identified 3 heterozygous missense mutations: c.613G>A (p.Gly205Arg) with an open spina bifida (lumbosacral meningomyelocele), c.557G>A (p.Arg186His) with a closed spina bifida (tethered cord and spinal lipoma) and c.518G>A (p.Arg173His) with an unknown NTD. The c.613G>A mutation was also found in a healthy sibling. None of the mutations were described previously. Findings support that heterozygous VANGL1 mutations represent hypomorphs or conditional mutants predisposing to NTDs and occur at a frequency of approximately 2.1% of open and closed spinal NTDs. The mutations (p.Arg173His, p.Arg186His, p.Gly205Arg) modified conserved regions of the VANGL1 protein and shared similarities with previously described mutants, providing further evidence for the presence of mutational hot spots in these patients.
Increased Prevalence and Severity of Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III and IV
Authors: Koukoulaki Maria , Papachristou Evangelos , Kalogeropoulou Christina , Papathanasiou Maria , Zampakis Petros , Vardoulaki Maria , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Goumenos Dimitrios S.
Published: July 2012

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in CKD is multifactorial including, in addition to traditional risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus), parameters related to uremia. Methods: The study consisted of measuring coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in patients with CKD stage III and IV without history of CVD and in a group of controls with normal renal function matched for age, gender and risk factors using multi-detector computed tomography. Results: The study included 49 patients and 49 controls. CAC was present in 79.6% in the CKD group versus 59.2% in the control group (p = 0.028). The median CAC score value in CKD patients was 139 (interquartile range (IQR): 23–321) versus 61 (IQR: 6–205) in controls (p = 0.007). CAC was associated with traditional risk factors such as older age, hypertension and baseline cardiovascular risk score, while CKD patients with severe calcification had marginally lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and increased levels of parathormone. Conclusions: CAC is more frequent and severe in patients with CKD stage III and IV compared to matched controls with normal renal function, even though kidney disease-related parameters are not directly correlated with intensity of calcification.
Zombie Media: Circuit Bending Media Archaeology into an Art Method
Authors: Hertz Garnet , Parikka Jussi
Published: July 2012

This text is an investigation into media culture, temporalities of media objects and planned obsolescence in the midst of ecological crisis and electronic waste. The authors approach the topic under the umbrella of media archaeology and aim to extend this historiographically oriented field of media theory into a methodology for contemporary artistic practice. Hence, media archaeology becomes not only a method for excavation of repressed and forgotten media discourses, but extends itself into an artistic method close to Do-It-Yourself (DIY) culture, circuit bending, hardware hacking and other hacktivist exercises that are closely related to the political economy of information technology. The concept of dead media is discussed as “zombie media”—dead media revitalized, brought back to use, reworked.
Very Small Horses: Visualizing Motion at the Nanoscale
Authors: Tarr Simon , Weiss Paul S.
Published: July 2012

The presentation of real-time data and animations can lead to new understanding and, in some cases, misunderstanding, of the phenomena represented. How can fundamental nanoscale structures, properties and responses be represented in data, motion and other forms? What are the keys to understanding, representing and sensing the nanoscale, and how do these differ from our intuition, which is based on our experience with macroscopic phenomena?
Images and Imaginations: An Exploration of Nanotechnology Image Galleries
Authors: de Ridder-Vignone Kathryn , Lynch Michael
Published: July 2012

Throughout the brief history of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the prominence of digital images and animations is noteworthy. Many appear in online image galleries that provide an important public interface for presenting and promoting scientific research. In this essay, the authors examine a selection of images from image galleries, identify some of their features and functions, and discuss how the artistic and scientific conventions used to present these images define nanotechnology for both researchers and members of the broader public.
The Role of Images and Art in Nanotechnology
Authors: Robinson Chris
Published: July 2012

The profusion of images following from the development of nanoscience/technology has coexisted with persistent confusion about how nano images work and what they mean in varying contexts. This article gives insights on some of the more pervasive images, how they can be categorized and what problems have occurred in efforts to use visual information in the exploration and confirmation of the nanoscale.
Preventing Digital Casualties: An Interdisciplinary Research for Preserving Digital Art
Authors: Innocenti Perla
Published: July 2012

There are practical problems associated with documentation, preservation, access, function, context and meaning of digital art. How do we care for similar works, and which are the theoretical and methodological challenges for curating and preserving digital art? Upon an ongoing case-based investigation of current digital and media art conservation practices at leading international museums, The author investigates how conservation for digital art could benefit from interdisciplinary synergies with Digital Preservation, Art Theory, and Information Management. A longer version of this paper entitled ‘Evolution and preservation of digital art: case studies from ZKM’, was presented at the Association of Art Historians (AAH) Conference 2010, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
ShapeShift
Authors: Kretzer Manuel , Rossi Dino
Published: July 2012

‘ShapeShift’ is an experiment in future possibilities of architectural materialization and ‘organic’ kinetics. The project explores the potential application of electro-active polymer (EAP) at an architectural scale. EAP offers a new relationship to space facilitated through its unique combination of qualities. It is an ultra-lightweight, flexible material with the ability to change shape without the need for mechanical actuators. The thesis project was realized in September 2010 by Edyta Augustynowicz, Sofia Georgakopulou, Dino Rossi and Stefanie Sixt and supervised by Manuel Kretzer at the Chair for Computer Aided Architectural Design, ETH Zürich and the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science (EMPA), Dübendorf.
The Uncanny Automaton
Authors: Marynowsky Wade
Published: July 2012

A recent body of work exploring the uncanny in relation to the automaton has been completed in concurrence with the Doctor of Creative Arts, UWS, 2011. This extract of the doctoral paper details the concepts of inquiry, art works produced, audience response in the form of critical reviews and conclusion.
deviantArt in Spotlight: A network of Artists
Authors: Salah Almila Akdag , Salah Albert Ali , Buter Bart , Dijkshoorn Nick , Modolo Davide , Nguyen Quang , van Noort Sander , van de Poel Bart
Published: July 2012

deviantART is the largest online community of user-generated artworks. So far, a scholarly study of deviantART has been missing. The main goal of this paper is to describe several tools for the network analysis of this community and to propose future research directions for understanding this collaborative and autonomous art venue.
Long-term efficacy of Boswellia serrata in four patients with chronic cluster headache
Authors: Lampl Christian , Haider Bernhard , Schweiger Christine
Published: July 2012

Background: Cluster headache is an extremely severe and debilitating trigemino-autonomic pain syndrome. About 10% of patients with cluster headache manifest a chronic form (CCH).The present case series study aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Boswellia serrata (Sallaki H15) on headaches and disturbed sleep in patients with CCH.

Case results: In an open-label study, four patients with CCH and disturbed sleep received oral B. serrata.

Conclusion: The results provide Class IV evidence that oral B. serrata reduces the intensity and frequency of headaches in patients with CCH.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in migraine: What have we learned so far?
Authors: Reyngoudt Harmen , Achten Eric , Paemeleire Koen
Published: July 2012

Objective: To summarize and evaluate proton (1H) and phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in migraine.

Methods: A thorough review of 1H and/or 31P-MRS studies in any form of migraine published up to September 2011.

Results: Some findings were consistent in all studies, such as a lack of ictal/interictal brain pH change and a disturbed energy metabolism, the latter of which is reflected in a drop in phosphocreatine content, both in the resting brain and in muscle following exercise. In a recent interictal study ATP was found to be significantly decreased in the occipital lobe of migraine with aura patients, reinforcing the concept of a mitochondrial component to the migraine threshold, at least in a subgroup of patients. In several studies a correlation between the extent of the energy disturbance and the clinical phenotype severity was apparent. Less consistent but still congruent with a disturbed energy metabolism is an observed lactate increase in the occipital cortex of several migraine subtypes (MwA, migraine with prolonged aura). No increases in brain glutamate levels were found.

Conclusion: The combined abnormalities found in MRS studies imply a mitochondrial component in migraine neurobiology. This could be due to a primary mitochondrial dysfunction or be secondary to, for example, alterations in brain excitability. The extent of variation in the data can be attributed to both the variable clinical inclusion criteria used and the variation in applied methodology. Therefore it is necessary to continue to optimize MRS methodology to gain further insights, especially concerning lactate and glutamate.
Social Integration and Diabetes Management Among Rural Older Adults
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Ip Edward H. , Saldana Santiago , Nguyen Ha T. , Bell Ronny A. , Kirk Julienne K. , Quandt Sara A.
Published: July 2012

Objectives:

To describe diabetes management behaviors and social integration among older adults, and delineate the associations of social integration with diabetes management behaviors.

Method:

Interview data from 563 African American, American Indian, and White participants (age 60+) from eight south central North Carolina counties selected using a site-based procedure. Statistical analysis comprises descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis.

Results:

Participants had high levels of social integration and largely adhered to diabetes management behaviors (glucose monitoring, checking feet, maintaining diet, formal exercise program, health provider monitoring A1C and examining feet). Social integration was associated with several behaviors; social network size, particularly other relatives seen and spoken with on the telephone, was associated with provider A1C monitoring and foot examinations.

Discussion:

Social integration had small but significant associations with diabetes management behaviors. This analysis suggests specific mechanisms for how social integration influences the effect of disease on disability.
Influence of injection process parameters on dimensional stability of wax patterns made by the lost wax process using Taguchi approach
Authors: Pattnaik Sarojrani , Karunakar DB , Jha PK
Published: July 2012

Investment casting is a manufacturing technique employed to produce near net shape metal components. Wax is the most widely used pattern material. In the present work, the wax blend, to be used in the investment casting process, is prepared by mixing different waxes and starch as filler material to reduce the shrinkage of wax patterns. The effect of the selected injection process parameters on the dimensional stability of the wax patterns made by the investment casting process using silicon rubber mould has been studied and the optimum injection process parameters to reduce the shrinkage of wax patterns have been suggested. The wax injection processing parameters considered for experimentation were injection temperature, injection pressure and injection time. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was used for designing the experiments. The signal-to-noise and the analysis of variance were used to find the optimum levels and to indicate the impact of the process parameters on shrinkage of wax patterns. The confirmation tests were conducted and the results were found to be within the confidence interval. The analysis of experimental results showed that the injection temperature and injection pressure greatly influenced the dimensional stability of wax patterns.
Temperature and strain rate dependence of syntactic foam under tensile and shear loads
Authors: Tan Chee Seng , Rongong Jem A , Ghassemieh Elaheh
Published: July 2012

The behaviour of syntactic foam is strongly dependent on temperature and strain rate. This research focuses on the behaviour of syntactic foam made of epoxy and glass microballoons in the glassy, transition and rubbery regions. Both epoxy and epoxy foam are investigated separately under tension and shear loadings in order to study the strain rate and temperature effects. The results indicate that the strength and strain to failure data can be collapsed onto master curves depending on temperature reduced strain rate. The highest strain to failure occurs in the transition zone. The presence of glass microballoons reduces the strain to failure over the entire range considered, an effect that is particularly significant under tensile loading. However, as the microballoons increase the elastic modulus significantly in the rubbery zone but reduce it somewhat in the glassy zone, the effect on the strength is more complicated. Different failure mechanisms are identified over the temperature-frequency range considered. As the temperature reduced strain rate is decreased, the failure mechanism changes from microballoon fracture to matrix fracture and debonding between the matrix and microballoons.
Studies on the properties of nonwoven surgical gowns
Authors: Midha Vinay Kumar , Dakuri Arjun , Midha Varsha
Published: July 2012

Polypropylene spunbond, spunbond/meltblown/spunbond, and spunlace fabrics of 35 and 50 g/m2 weight are tested for barrier properties against microorganisms and liquid or body fluids to estimate their suitability for surgical gowns. The fabrics are also treated with different levels of antibacterial and fluorochemical finishes in a single bath using pad-dry-cure method. Liquid barrier properties of samples are analyzed by water impact penetration, hydrostatic pressure test, and blood repellency test. Parallel streak method is used to measure the antibacterial activity on the fabric samples with Staphylococcus aureus. The fabric samples are also analyzed for air permeability and stiffness. It is observed that spunbond/meltblown/spunbond fabric of 35 and 50 g/m2 weight offer sufficient liquid barrier properties for level 2 protection as per the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation barrier protection classification. Spunlace and spunbond fabrics of 35 and 50 g/m2 weight offer only level 1 protection. Spunbond/meltblown/spunbond fabrics are poorest in terms of comfort, because of their higher stiffness and lower air permeability values; spunlace fabric offers the highest air permeability and lowest stiffness force. Spunbond/meltblown/spunbond fabric samples with 4% and 7% fluorochemical finish and 1.5% antibacterial finish can provide level 4 protection. Spunbond fabrics require 4% and spunbond/meltblown/spunbond fabrics require 1% fluorochemical finish to achieve level 2 protection.
‘Too little, too late’? Compensation and family memory: Negotiating Austria’s Holocaust past
Authors: Immler Nicole L.
Published: July 2012

Monetary compensation to victims of historical injustice is a worldwide political and academic theme; however, it is rarely seen in the light of family memory. This article, based on evidence from 90 semi-structured interviews, explores the impact of official policies on individuals and families involved in the reparation procedures set up in the 1990s by the Austrian state for the victims of National Socialism. It focuses on the meaning of the oft-voiced complaint ‘ too little, too late’, arguing that there is a difference between what the phrase has commonly been understood to mean (a critical evaluation of the compensation efforts) and what analysis shows it to mean in the frame of ‘family memory’. The article argues that while this narrative of anger at first sight boycotts a dialogue, it also has an important performative and empowering function as well as an integrative function within the ‘post-memory’ generation. Exploring the mutual influence of compensation reception and family memory will help to theorize the role of anger in reconciliation processes.
When sorry isn’t good enough: Official remembrance and reconciliation in Australia
Authors: Short Damien
Published: July 2012

When compared with other reconciliation processes, Australian reconciliation and its acts of official remembrance have received relatively little academic attention, and yet the case raises many important questions for settler societies struggling to come to terms with past misdeeds and the burden of the past in the present. This article places Australian reconciliation in the political context of the campaign for a treaty between Indigenous peoples and the settler state that emerged in the 1980s, the institutionalization of common law Indigenous land rights during the 1990s, and the current ‘intervention’ in the Northern Territory. The nature and trajectory of these political events are at odds with two highly lauded official acts of remembrance made under the rubric of reconciliation, Paul Keating’s Redfern Park speech in 1992, and Kevin Rudd’s formal state apology in 2008. The article argues that such settler state acts of official remembrance and acknowledgement of past injustices, while far from devoid of value, are considerably diminished by the positively colonial, and inherently unjust, contemporary political context in which they were made.
Reconciliation with – or rehabilitation of – the Soviet past?
Authors: Adler Nanci
Published: July 2012

Post-Soviet Russia’s ambivalent efforts to confront its Stalinist past have generated heated discussion about what should be remembered. Official ambivalence is reflected in school history texts that emphasize Soviet achievements, in commissions that gate-keep archives and historical facts, and in monuments and commemorations. In consequence, the surviving victims of Stalinism are insufficiently acknowledged, let alone compensated. This tension forms the central focus of this article as it explores the individual, public, and official efforts in the aftermath of seven decades of state-sponsored repression to remember, represent and even rehabilitate the Stalinist past. The prevalence of the state-sponsored narrative over the victims’ counter-histories indicates the persistence of a post-Communist repression which is part cause and part effect of the failure/lack of transitional justice mechanisms.
Development of an integrated Sasang constitution diagnosis method using face, body shape, voice, and questionnaire information
Authors: Do Jun-Hyeong , Jang Eunsu , Ku Boncho , Jang Jun-Su , Kim Honggie , Kim Jong Yeol
Published: July 2012

Background

Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) is a unique form of traditional Korean medicine that divides human beings into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics, such as external appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to particular diseases, drug responses, and equilibrium among internal organ functions. According to SCM, herbs that belong to a certain constitution cannot be used in patients with other constitutions; otherwise, this practice may result in no effect or in an adverse effect. Thus, the diagnosis of SC type is the most crucial step in SCM practice. The diagnosis, however, tends to be subjective due to a lack of quantitative standards for SC diagnosis.

Methods

We have attempted to make the diagnosis method as objective as possible by basing it on an analysis of quantitative data from various Oriental medical clinics. Four individual diagnostic models were developed with multinomial logistic regression based on face, body shape, voice, and questionnaire responses. Inspired by SCM practitioners’ holistic diagnostic processes, an integrated diagnostic model was then proposed by combining the four individual models.

Results

The diagnostic accuracies in the test set, after the four individual models had been integrated into a single model, improved to 64.0% and 55.2% in the male and female patient groups, respectively. Using a cut-off value for the integrated SC score, such as 1.6, the accuracies increased by 14.7% in male patients and by 4.6% in female patients, which showed that a higher integrated SC score corresponded to a higher diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

This study represents the first trial of integrating the objectification of SC diagnosis based on quantitative data and SCM practitioners’ holistic diagnostic processes. Although the diagnostic accuracy was not great, it is noted that the proposed diagnostic model represents common rules among practitioners who have various points of view. Our results are expected to contribute as a desirable research guide for objective diagnosis in traditional medicine, as well as to contribute to the precise diagnosis of SC types in an objective manner in clinical practice.
SNPTrackTM: an integrated bioinformatics system for genetic association studies
Authors: Xu Joshua , Kelly Reagan , Zhou Guangxu , Turner Steven A. , Ding Don , Harris Stephen C. , Hong Huixiao , Fang Hong , Tong Weida
Published: July 2012

A genetic association study is a complicated process that involves collecting phenotypic data, generating genotypic data, analyzing associations between genotypic and phenotypic data, and interpreting genetic biomarkers identified. SNPTrack is an integrated bioinformatics system developed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to support the review and analysis of pharmacogenetics data resulting from FDA research or submitted by sponsors. The system integrates data management, analysis, and interpretation in a single platform for genetic association studies. Specifically, it stores genotyping data and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) annotations along with study design data in an Oracle database. It also integrates popular genetic analysis tools, such as PLINK and Haploview. SNPTrack provides genetic analysis capabilities and captures analysis results in its database as SNP lists that can be cross-linked for biological interpretation to gene/protein annotations, Gene Ontology, and pathway analysis data. With SNPTrack, users can do the entire stream of bioinformatics jobs for genetic association studies. SNPTrack is freely available to the public at http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/BioinformaticsTools/SNPTrack/default.htm.
Developing clinical practice guidelines: target audiences, identifying topics for guidelines, guideline group composition and functioning and conflicts of interest
Authors: Eccles Martin P , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Shekelle Paul , Schünemann Holger J , Woolf Steven
Published: July 2012

Clinical practice guidelines are one of the foundations of efforts to improve health care. In 1999, we authored a paper about methods to develop guidelines. Since it was published, the methods of guideline development have progressed both in terms of methods and necessary procedures and the context for guideline development has changed with the emergence of guideline clearing houses and large scale guideline production organisations (such as the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence). It therefore seems timely to, in a series of three articles, update and extend our earlier paper. In this first paper we discuss: the target audience(s) for guidelines and their use of guidelines; identifying topics for guidelines; guideline group composition (including consumer involvement) and the processes by which guideline groups function and the important procedural issue of managing conflicts of interest in guideline development.
Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading, and presentation and deriving recommendations
Authors: Woolf Steven , Schünemann Holger J , Eccles Martin P , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Shekelle Paul
Published: July 2012

Clinical practice guidelines are one of the foundations of efforts to improve healthcare. In 1999, we authored a paper about methods to develop guidelines. Since it was published, the methods of guideline development have progressed both in terms of methods and necessary procedures and the context for guideline development has changed with the emergence of guideline clearinghouses and large scale guideline production organisations (such as the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence). It therefore seems timely to, in a series of three articles, update and extend our earlier paper. In this second paper, we discuss issues of identifying and synthesizing evidence: deciding what type of evidence and outcomes to include in guidelines; integrating values into a guideline; incorporating economic considerations; synthesis, grading, and presentation of evidence; and moving from evidence to recommendations.