bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gesundheitsrisiken durch die Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen mit aufbereitetem Abwasser, das Antibiotikarückstände, Resistenzgene und resistente Mikroorganismen enthält
Authors: Smalla Kornelia , Kabisch Jan , Fiedler Gregor , Hammerl Jens Andre , Tenhagen Bernd-Alois
Published: May 2023

Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt Effekte und mögliche Gesundheitsrisiken durch resistente Mikroorganismen, Resistenzgene und Biozid- und Arzneimittelrückstände, die durch die Nutzung von aufbereitetem Abwasser zur Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen entstehen können. Dabei fokussiert die Arbeit auf spezifische Aspekte dieser Kontaminanten und ihrer Interaktionen, strebt jedoch keine allgemeine Bewertung der mikrobiologischen Belastungen an.

In aufbereitetem Abwasser werden regelmäßig Rückstände von antibiotisch wirksamen Arzneimitteln, resistente Mikroorganismen und Resistenzgene nachgewiesen. Diese beeinflussen das Boden- und Pflanzenmikrobiom und können von den Pflanzen aufgenommen werden. Mit einer Interaktion von Antibiotikarückständen und Mikroorganismen ist vor allem vor der Ausbringung der aufbereiteten Abwässer zu rechnen. Sie kann allerdings auch das Pflanzenmikrobiom beeinflussen, inklusive der Gesamtheit seiner Resistenzgene (Resistom). Eine besondere Problematik ergibt sich dadurch, dass Pflanzen als Lebensmittel häufig roh, also ohne keimreduzierende Verarbeitungsschritte verzehrt werden. Gründliches Waschen pflanzlicher Lebensmittel beeinflusst das Pflanzenmikrobiom nur geringfügig. Zerkleinerungsschritte bei der Verarbeitung können hingegen zur Vermehrung vorhandener Mikroorganismen beitragen, so dass danach eine gründliche Kühlung erforderlich ist.

Bei der Aufbereitung von Abwässern, die zur Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen eingesetzt werden sollen, werden neue Verfahren zur Elimination von Mikroschadstoffen und Mikroorganismen benötigt, um das Risiko einer verstärkten Exposition von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern gegenüber übertragbaren Resistenzgenen und resistenten Bakterien weiter zu reduzieren.
Mechanical and microstructural features of wire-and-arc additively manufactured carbon steel thick plates
Authors: Laghi Vittoria , Arrè Lidiana , Tonelli Lavinia , Di Egidio Gianluca , Ceschini Lorella , Monzón Ivan , Laguía Alberto , Dieste José Antonio , Palermo Michele
Published: May 2023

Metal additive manufacturing (AM), in particular wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), has become over the last few years the breakthrough technology to reduce the environmental impact and increase the efficiency of steel structures. Although intense research effort has been paid toward the mechanical characterization of WAAM-produced thin walls, little attention has been devoted to the investigation of multi-layered thick parts. These latter would indeed expand the application of WAAM for large-scale constructions requiring thicker cross-sections to withstand high loading conditions. The present work provides a comprehensive experimental investigation of mild steel WAAM thick plates from the fabrication to the mechanical and microstructural characterization. First, the fabrication process is presented in full details. From that, microstructural and mechanical characterization is described and discussed, showing a homogeneous microstructure with little influence on the mechanical response along the wall plate thickness, also considering different specimen orientations with respect to the printing directions. The results confirm good mechanical properties of the printed outcomes, in line with those of structural mild steels manufactured with conventional technologies. Little influence on the response along the thickness is reported, thus proving the required quality of WAAM thick parts for applications in the construction sector.

Graphical Abstract
GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists
Authors: Agusti Alvar , Böhm Michael , Celli Bartolomé , Criner Gerard J. , Garcia-Alvarez Ana , Martinez Fernando , Sin Don D. , Vogelmeier Claus F.
Published: May 2023

Many patients seen by cardiologists suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in addition to their primary cardiovascular problem. Yet, quite often COPD has not been diagnosed and, consequently, patients have not been treated of their pulmonary disease. Recognizing and treating COPD in patients with CVDs is important because optimal treatment of the COPD carries important benefits on cardiovascular outcomes. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) publishes an annual report that serves as a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of COPD around the world and has very recently released the 2023 annual report. Here, we provide a summary of the GOLD 2023 recommendations that highlights those aspects of more interest for practicing cardiologists dealing with patients with CVD who may suffer COPD.
Pass-through with volatile exchange rates and inflation targeting
Authors: Alexius Annika , Holmberg Mikaela
Published: May 2023

As central banks struggle against high inflation in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in the Ukraine, it is essential to understand the open economy aspects of inflation determination. Using a Bayesian VAR with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, we analyze the behavior of pass-through across time and in relation to macroeconomic variables. Pass-through increases with the size of the volatility of the exchange rate and the level, variance and persistence of shocks to domestic prices, which is in line with theory. The persistence of exchange rate shocks is associated with higher pass-through only for observations with low inflation. Furthermore, the effect of inflation persistence on pass-through is much higher for exchange rate appreciations than for depreciations.
Space–time interactions between free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) and grazing livestock on a fenced pasture
Authors: Gillich Benjamin , Michler Frank-Uwe , Stolter Caroline , Lorenz Antje , Metze Katrin , Tischew Sabine , Rieger Siegfried
Published: May 2023

Livestock farming, which produces milk and meat, is practised by nearly all cultures. But in addition to this, grazing livestock fulfils other fundamentally important roles, one of which is the maintenance of open landscapes, which in turn provides habitat for many rare plant and animal species. Whether wild large herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), benefit from the management of the open landscapes is unknown, and there are conflicting views on the nature of the interaction between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this question, we studied interactions in space and time between red deer and livestock in an 787 ha fenced pasture in eastern Germany. First, we used faecal pellet counts to determine whether red deer were using the fenced pasture and whether livestock were using the entire available pasture. Second, we fitted ten red deer, as well as eight Konik horses (Equus ferus caballus) and eight Heck cattle (Bos taurus) with GPS-collars. These data allowed us to perform analyses of space–time interactions. The faecal pellet data showed that red deer did indeed use the fenced pasture and that livestock used the entire extent of the pasture. Further, we verified a neutral space–time interaction between red deer and livestock within the pasture. Thus, there was no indication of a negative effect of the presence of livestock on red deer inside the pasture. For these reasons, we recommend that low-intensity grazing by cattle and horses can maintain open landscapes without detrimental effects on the use of the area by red deer.
Olfactory sensitivity and threat-sensitive responses to alarm cue in an invasive fish
Authors: Wagner C. Michael , Bals Jason D. , Byford Gregory J. , Scott Anne M. , Feder Mikaela E.
Published: May 2023

Establishing how invasive animals perceive and manage the threat of predation improves our understanding of why certain species rapidly invade unfamiliar environs where others do not. The threat-sensitive response hypothesis predicts that prey that modulate their antipredator behavior in response to the perceived intensity of the threat will have a selective advantage. We investigated the behavioral and olfactory antipredator responses of migrating invasive sea lamprey to varying concentrations of a conspecific alarm cue in the laboratory and field. We hypothesized the odor indicates the presence and location of predation risk on river shorelines, allowing sea lamprey to either alter their migratory path and/or movement timing to reduce exposure to the predator. Migratory sea lampreys exhibited threat-sensitivity in space-use both in the laboratory and nature by increasingly avoiding areas as the concentration of alarm cue increased when safe space was available (areas without the alarm cue). The intensity of the avoidance at higher concentrations was greater in the field. Electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory organ confirmed a concomitant increase in signal output to the olfactory bulb of the brain when exposed to increased alarm cue concentrations. However, increasing the alarm cue concentration did not alter the animal’s motivation to move upstream in either avoidable risk or unavoidable risk scenarios. Exposure to alarm cue affected decisions regarding how to move, but not whether to move. Knowledge of how the animal uses the cue in nature reveals ways to use the cue to manipulate movement and achieve conservation goals.
Synergistic effects of habitat fragmentation and hunting on the extinction risk of neotropical primates
Authors: Mancini Giordano , Benítez-López Ana , Di Marco Moreno , Pacifici Michela , Rondinini Carlo , Santini Luca
Published: May 2023

Habitat fragmentation and overexploitation of natural resources are the most prevalent and severe threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Several studies have estimated the effect of these threats on species extinction risk, however the effect resulting from their interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we assess whether and how habitat area, fragmentation, and hunting can synergistically affect the extinction risk of neotropical primates (Platyrrhine). We use a Random Forest model to estimate the Red List extinction risk category of 147 primate species based on their biological traits and the environmental predictors they are exposed to. We find that environmental variables are better predictors of extinction risk than biological traits, and that hunting and fragmentation interact creating synergistic feedback that lead to higher extinction risk than when considered in isolation. We also show that the effect of environmental predictors is mediated by biological traits, with large species being sensitive to habitat area and fragmentation, and frugivorous species more threatened by hunting. Our results increase the understanding of potentially interactive effects between different threats, habitat area and species traits, supporting the idea that multiple threats can reinforce each other and should be thus addressed simultaneously in conservation agendas.
Persistent and transient productive efficiency in the African airline industry
Authors: Martini Gianmaria , Porta Flavio , Scotti Davide
Published: May 2023

Airline efficiency growth is considered one of the key factors for aviation sustainability in Africa and for creating a successful relationship between aviation activities and economic development in the continent. This paper proposes estimating the efficiency of African airlines in the period 2010–2019 using a state-of-the-art stochastic frontier model disentangling persistent efficiency, transient efficiency, and unobserved heterogeneity. We also examine the impact on both persistent and transient efficiency of (i) ownership structure, (ii) political stability, (iii) airline geographical location, (iv) airline domicile country’s economic freedom, and (v) airline participation in a global alliance. We find evidence of relatively low efficiency and decreasing returns to scale, implying that it is important to achieve better utilization of inputs. Our findings also suggest that protectionism seems still an important driver of efficiency in a context characterized by a lack of liberalization. However, enhanced economic freedom is found to be more relevant in improving the efficiencies of African airlines, suggesting that policy interventions aimed at speeding up the liberalization process may help to remove the conditions that make air carriers operate inefficiently.
Psychische Gesundheit Studierender während des Online-Studiums im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie – quantitative und qualitative Befunde
Authors: Giesselbach Lisa , Leimann Janna , Bonner Carolin , Josupeit Jan , Dieterich Sven , Quilling Eike
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Studierende gelten auch in der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) als besonders vulnerabel für psychische Belastungen und Erkrankungen.

Ziele

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine quantitative Bestandsaufnahme der psychischen Gesundheit Studierender an der Hochschule für Gesundheit in Bochum vorgenommen. Darüber hinaus wurde im Zuge einer qualitativen Untersuchung ihr subjektives Erleben des Online-Studiums im Wintersemester 2020/2021 erhoben.

Methoden

Im Rahmen einer online-basierten Umfrage wurden im März 2021 mittels validierter Instrumente das Wohlbefinden (WHO-5) und das mögliche Vorliegen depressiver Störungen (PHQ-9) bei 435 Studierenden der Hochschule für Gesundheit in Bochum erhoben. Weitergehend wurden Studierende der Hochschule zu ihren Erfahrungen und ihrem Erleben im Online-Studium interviewt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Es zeigte sich im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung, dass das Wohlbefinden der Befragten unterdurchschnittlich ausgeprägt war und dass mit 26,9 % bei überdurchschnittlich vielen Befragten begründeter Verdacht hinsichtlich des Vorliegens von Depressionen bestand. Die Ergebnisse aus dem qualitativen Forschungsstrang bildeten ein überwiegend negativ bewertetes Erleben der Studierenden bezüglich des Online-Studiums ab. Insbesondere fehlende soziale Kontakte sowie Schwierigkeiten in der digitalen Umsetzung von Lehrveranstaltungen standen hiermit im Zusammenhang. Die Daten deuteten v. a. auf die erhebliche Bedeutung von Hochschulen und des Studiums in Bezug auf die psychische Gesundheit von Studierenden. So besteht v. a. dahingehend Handlungsbedarf, sich als wichtiger Akteur hinsichtlich des Auslösens von psychischer Beanspruchung der Studierenden einerseits sowie als Ort gesundheitsförderlicher Interventionen andererseits zu verstehen. Die Betrachtung beider Perspektiven bietet diverse Ansatzpunkte für Gesundheitsförderung bzw. -management in Hochschulen.
Analyzing SDG interlinkages: identifying trade-offs and synergies for a responsible innovation
Authors: Luttikhuis Nikki , Wiebe Kirsten S.
Published: May 2023

This paper responds to recent calls to address the indivisible nature of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework and the related knowledge gap on how SDG targets interlink with each other. It examines how SDG targets interact in the context of a specific technology, point of care (PoC) microfluidics, and how this relates to the concept of responsible innovation (RI). The novel SDG interlinkages methodology developed here involves several steps to filter the relevant interlinkages and a focus group of experts for discussing these interlinkages. The main findings indicate that several social synergies occur when deploying PoC microfluidics, but that the environmental trade-offs may jeopardize the total progress toward the SDGs. More specifically, the environmental sacrifices (use of plastics and lack of recyclability) resulted in the product being cheaper and, thus, better accessible. This work suggests that attention should be given (and prioritized) to the use of renewable and recyclable materials without jeopardizing the accessibility of the product. This should minimize the identified trade-offs. These findings inform how analyzing SDG interlinkages relates to the responsibilities and dimensions of RI in several ways. First, analyzing SDG interlinkages helps to execute the governance responsibility by using the RI dimensions (anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness). Second, analyzing SDG interlinkages gives insights into if and how a technology relates to the do-good and avoid-harm responsibility. This is important to assess the responsiveness of the technology to ensure that the technology can become truly sustainable and leaves no one behind.
β­caryophyllene oxide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Shabana Sameh M. , Gad Nahla S. , Othman Azza I. , Mohamed Aly Fahmy , El-Missiry Mohamed Amr
Published: May 2023

One of the most common cancers that result in death is lung cancer. There is new hope in the fight against lung cancer thanks to the chemopreventive properties of natural dietary substances like β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO), and research is currently being done to test this theory. CPO, a sesquiterpene isolated from medicinal plant essential oils, inhibits carcinogenesis and has been effective in treating many cancers. This study examined how CPO affected proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. CPO was found to have an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 124.1 g/ml. The proliferative markers Ki67 and PCNA were significantly inhibited after cells were treated with CPO at a concentration of 50 g/ml compared to controls. CPO-treated cells expressed more P21, P53, and DNA strand breaks than controls. This was accompanied by a significant cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases. In treated A549 cells, this was also associated with a significant induction of apoptosis, as shown by the upregulation of the expression of caspases 3, 7, and 9, as well as Bax, and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the redox status of treated A549 cells revealed a marked rise in GSH and GPx activity levels and a decline in 4-HNE levels, indicating low oxidative stress following CPO treatment of A549 cells. In conclusion, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which are unrelated to oxidative stress, were the mechanisms by which CPO reduced cancer lung cell growth. This finding might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.

Graphical abstract

Hypothetical scheme of CPO anticancer effects (mechanism of signaling) in A549 cells; in vitro. CPO treatment increases expression of p21, p53 and DNA fragmentation. These events cause arrest of cell cycle which was associated with significant induction in apoptosis via increase expression of caspases (-3,-7,-9), and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2.
Comparison of machine learning and deep learning techniques for the prediction of air pollution: a case study from China
Authors: Ayus Ishan , Natarajan Narayanan , Gupta Deepak
Published: May 2023

The adverse effect of air pollution has always been a problem for human health. The presence of a high level of air pollutants can cause severe illnesses such as emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma. Air quality prediction helps us to undertake practical action plans for controlling air pollution. The Air Quality Index (AQI) reflects the degree of concentration of pollutants in a locality. The average AQI was calculated for the various cities in China to understand the annual trends. Furthermore, the air quality index has been predicted for ten major cities across China using five different deep learning techniques, namely, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Bidirectional Gated Recurrent unit (Bi-GRU), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), Convolutional Neural Network BiLSTM (CNN-BiLSTM), and Convolutional BiLSTM (Conv1D-BiLSTM). The performance of these models has been compared with a machine learning model, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to discover the most efficient deep learning model. The results suggest that the machine learning model, XGBoost, outperforms the deep learning models. While Conv1D-BiLSTM and CNN-BiLSTM perform well among the deep learning models in the estimation of the air quality index (AQI), RNN and Bi-GRU are the least performing ones. Thus, both XGBoost and neural network models are capable of capturing the non-linearity present in the dataset with reliable accuracy.
Fluid–structure resonance in spanwise-flexible flapping wings
Authors: Martínez-Muriel C. , Arranz G. , García-Villalba M. , Flores O.
Published: May 2023

We report direct numerical simulations of the flow around a spanwise-flexible wing in forward flight. The simulations were performed at$Re=1000$for wings of aspect ratio 2 and 4 undergoing a heaving and pitching motion at Strouhal number$St_c\approx 0.5$. We have varied the effective stiffness of the wing$\varPi _1$while keeping the effective inertia constant,$\varPi _0=0.1$. It has been found that there is an optimal aerodynamic performance of the wing linked to a damped resonance phenomenon, that occurs when the imposed frequency of oscillation approaches the first natural frequency of the structure in the fluid,$\omega _{n,f}/\omega \approx 1$. In that situation, the time-averaged thrust is maximum, increasing by factor 2 with respect to the rigid case with an increase in propulsive efficiency of approximately 15 %. This enhanced aerodynamic performance results from the combination of larger effective angles of attack of the outboard wing sections and a delayed development of the leading edge vortex. With increasing flexibility beyond the resonant frequency, the aerodynamic performance drops significantly, in terms of both thrust production and propulsive efficiency. The cause of this drop lies in the increasing phase lag between the deflection of the wing and the heaving/pitching motion, which results in weaker leading edge vortices, negative effective angles of attack in the outboard sections of the wing, and drag generation in the first half of the stroke. Our results also show that flexible wings with the same$\omega _{n,f}/\omega$but different aspect ratio have the same aerodynamic performance, emphasizing the importance of the structural properties of the wing for its aerodynamic performance.
The winner takes it all but one
Authors: Deijfen Maria , van der Hofstad Remco , Sfragara Matteo
Published: May 2023

We study competing first passage percolation on graphs generated by the configuration model with infinite-mean degrees. Initially, two uniformly chosen vertices are infected with a type 1 and type 2 infection, respectively, and the infection then spreads via nearest neighbors in the graph. The time it takes for the type 1 (resp. 2) infection to traverse an edge e is given by a random variable
$X_1(e)$
(resp.
$X_2(e)$
) and, if the vertex at the other end of the edge is still uninfected, it then becomes type 1 (resp. 2) infected and immune to the other type. Assuming that the degrees follow a power-law distribution with exponent
$\tau \in (1,2)$
, we show that with high probability as the number of vertices tends to infinity, one of the infection types occupies all vertices except for the starting point of the other type. Moreover, both infections have a positive probability of winning regardless of the passage-time distribution. The result is also shown to hold for the erased configuration model, where self-loops are erased and multiple edges are merged, and when the degrees are conditioned to be smaller than
$n^\alpha$
for some
$\alpha\gt 0$
.
Formas, tecnología y estilos de la cerámica formativa del sitio Corral Grande 1 (2400-1100 años aP), Antofagasta de la Sierra, Argentina
Authors: Casanova Menéndez Martín T. , Pérez Martina Inés , Grant Jennifer L.
Published: May 2023

Se presentan los resultados del análisis tecnológico, morfológico y estilístico de una muestra cerámica hallada en estratigrafía en una estructura del sitio Corral Grande 1, asignada al período Formativo regional (2400-1100 años aP), en Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina), Andes meridionales. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar distintos aspectos de la cerámica para explorar las potenciales diferencias funcionales de las vasijas en el marco de las actividades agropastoriles desarrolladas en el sitio, los patrones de movilidad y el uso del espacio en la región. Los análisis permitieron identificar una alta variabilidad de estilos tecnológicos en el total del conjunto, e inferir que las vasijas pudieron elaborarse para funciones de almacenaje de productos agrícolas, de cocción y servicio de alimentos. Los tiestos más pequeños y livianos pudieron transportarse en el marco de actividades de pastoreo y caza de camélidos. Las comparaciones a nivel regional evidenciaron similitudes tecnológicas y estilísticas con la cerámica de otros asentamientos, y características decorativas que indican la integración del sitio a escala regional e interregional.
Nationalism and National Identity in North America
Authors: Byrd Dillon P.
Published: May 2023

The study of nationalism in North America has focused heavily on national identity. Much of the scholarship in the region indicates that most individuals define their respective national identities as attainable and inclusive. In contrast to these findings, other evidence from nationalism and ethnic politics scholarship in North America suggests a strong racial link to national understandings. Focusing on national identity research in North America, primarily the United States, but also findings from Canada and Mexico, I try to address the connection between national identity, its political effects, and the boundaries of national identity content. This article identifies important findings from research in North America and proposes that scholars look beyond the current research to study national development – understood both historically and through the study of individuals’ constructive deployment of nationalism in everyday life.
Maternal nutrition during mid-pregnancy and children’s body composition at 7 years of age in the SELMA study
Authors: Svensson Katherine , Gennings Chris , Hagenäs Lars , Wolk Alicja , Håkansson Niclas , Wikström Sverre , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf
Published: May 2023

Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is vital for both maternal and child health. Our objective was to explore if prenatal diet is associated with children’s height and body fat. Nutrient intake was assessed through a FFQ from 808 pregnant women and summarised to a nutrition index, ‘My Nutrition Index’ (MNI). The association with children’s height and body fat (bioimpedance) was assessed with linear regression models. Secondary analysis was performed with BMI, trunk fat and skinfolds. Overall, higher MNI score was associated with greater height (β = 0·47; (95 % CI 0·00, 0·94), among both sexes. Among boys, higher MNI was associated with 0·15 higher BMI z-scores, 0·12 body fat z-scores, 0·11 trunk fat z-scores, and larger triceps, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds (β = 0·05 and β = 0·06; on the log2 scale) (P-value < 0·05). Among girls, the opposite associations were found with 0·12 lower trunk fat z-scores, and smaller subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds (β = −0·07 and β = −0·10; on the log2 scale) (P-value < 0·05). For skinfold measures, this would represent a ± 1·0 millimetres difference. Unexpectedly, a prenatal diet in line with recommended nutrient intake was associated with higher measures of body fat for boys and opposite to girls at a pre-pubertal stage of development.
A novel approach to place an adult-size stent to treat coarctation of the aorta using small introducers: “Nijres technique”
Authors: Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Carr Kaitlin , Aldoss Osamah
Published: May 2023

Aortic arch stent placement in young children is a medical dilemma. This is attributed to the critical lack of commercially available stents that can be delivered through small sheaths and yet have the potential to be dilated to the adult-size aorta. Here in, we describe an innovative first-in-human technique that allows for overcoming the aforementioned challenges. A Palmaz Genesis XD stent was placed to treat coarctation of the aorta in two young children through small-bore sheaths.
Ideas of Revolution in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions
Authors: Perl-Rosenthal Nathan
Published: May 2023

This article examines the concepts of revolution that political actors employed during the age of Atlantic revolutions (c.1760–1830) and how they used these concepts to analyze, compare, and connect the era's political events. The article begins by briefly recapitulating the evolving meanings of revolution in the seventeenth century and the early eighteenth. The capacious concept of a “revolution of government” that developed in the eighteenth century remained in regular use into the 1820s as a key conceptual tool to imaginatively connect otherwise disparate political movements/phenomena. Revolutionaries also created two new concepts, “total” and “limited” revolution, that were crucial to drawing political distinctions, especially between the American and French revolutions. These three concepts of revolution, I argue, all gave late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century actors an unusual degree of flexibility—which did not exist before or after the period—in describing the temporal and causal dynamics of revolutionary change.
Study on the influence mechanism of adoption of smart agriculture technology behavior
Authors: Li Jingjin , Liu Guoyong , Chen Yulan , Li Rongyao
Published: May 2023

Smart agricultural (SA) technology has become a technological support for modern agriculture. By exploring the decision-making process and psychological motivation of farmers in adopting SA technology, it is conducive to achieving the popularisation of SA technology and promoting the modernisation of agriculture. Based on microscopic research data, a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is used to analyse the influencing factors and extent of cotton farmers’ adoption of SA technologies, using Deconstructive Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) as the analytical framework. This was combined with in-depth interviews to further reveal the motivations and influencing mechanisms of cotton farmers’ adoption of SA technologies. The results show that under the behavioural belief dimension, cotton farmers value the positive effect of perceived usefulness even though the risk of the technology itself has a dampening effect on adoption intentions. Under the normative belief dimension, superior influence influenced the willingness to adopt SA technologies to a greater extent than peer influence. Under the control belief dimension, factors such as self-efficacy and information channels influence willingness to adopt technology and behaviour. In addition, behavioural attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control all contribute to cotton farmers’ willingness to adopt SA technologies, and can also influence behaviour directly or indirectly through willingness to adopt. Policy and technology satisfaction positively moderate the transition from willingness to behaviour. Therefore, preferential policies are proposed to reduce the cost of adopting SA technologies; to continuously improve the level of SA technologies; to establish SA technology test plots to provide a reference base; and to increase knowledge training on SA and expand access to information.
Unprecedented recent regional increase in organic carbon and lithogenic fluxes in high altitude Pyrenean lakes
Authors: Vicente de Vera García Alejandra , Mata-Campo María Pilar , Pla Sergi , Vicente Eduardo , Prego Ricardo , Frugone-Álvarez Matías , Polanco-Martínez Josué , Galofré Marcel , Valero-Garcés Blas Lorenzo
Published: May 2023

We have conducted a monitoring survey and paleolimnological study of a W-E transect of six high altitude lakes (1870–2630 m asl) in the western and central Pyrenees (Spain) to evaluate the regional response to current global change in high altitude Mediterranean mountains. The reconstructed Total Organic Carbon (TOCflux) and lithogenic (Lflux) fluxes during the last 1200 years show the expected variability as lakes differ in altitude, geological and climate settings, limnological properties and human impact history. However, all show unique patterns after 1850 CE, particularly during the Great Acceleration (after 1950 CE). Recent Lflux increase could be related to higher erodibility by rainfall and run-off during the longer snow-free season in the Pyrenees. In all sites, higher TOCflux and geochemical (lower δ13COM, lower C/N) and biological (diatom assemblages) signatures since 1950 CE suggest an increase in algal productivity, likely favored by warmer temperatures and higher nutrient deposition. These recent, unprecedented Lflux and TOCflux increases, in spite of their diverse history and limnological properties of the lakes, demonstrate the regional impact of the Great Acceleration not only in the ecological dynamics of alpine lakes but also in the hydrological cycle in high altitude mountain watersheds.
Manipulation of light spectrum is an effective tool to regulate biochemical traits and gene expression in lettuce under different replacement methods of nutrient solution
Authors: Soufi Hamid Reza , Roosta Hamid Reza , Stępień Piotr , Malekzadeh Khalil , Hamidpour Mohsen
Published: May 2023

The use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology represents a promising approach to improve plant growth and metabolic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different light spectra: red (656 nm), blue (450 nm), red/blue (3:1), and white (peak at 449 nm) on biochemical properties, photosynthesis and gene expression in two lettuce cultivars (Lollo Rossa and Lollo Bionda) grown under different methods of nutrient solution replacement in hydroponics. Complete replacement and EC-based replacement of nutrient solution increased content of proline and soluble sugars and activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX and SOD) under the red/blue LED and red LED light treatments in both cultivars. In addition, the red/blue and the monochromatic red light increased the soluble protein content and the antioxidant activity in the Lollo Rosa cultivar under the replacement method according to the needs of the plant. An increase in flavonoid content in the EC-based method in the Lollo Rosa variety treated with a combination of red and blue light was also observed. The red/blue light had the greatest induction effect on anthocyanin content, expression of the UFGT, CHS, and Rubisco small subunit genes, and the net photosynthetic rate. Data presented here will directly contribute to the development of nutrient solution and LED spectrum management strategies to significantly improve plant growth and metabolism, while avoiding water and nutrient waste, and environmental pollution.
Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and associated lifestyle and demographic factors in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Vingrys Kristina , Mathai Michael L. , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Bassett Julie K. , de Courten Maximilian , Stojanovska Lily , Millar Lynne , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. , Hodge Allison M. , McAinch Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

Cereal foods are consumed globally and are important sources of polyphenols with potential health benefits, yet dietary intakes are unclear. We aimed to calculate the dietary intakes of polyphenols from cereal foods in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and describe intakes by demographic and lifestyle factors. We estimated intakes of alkylresorcinols, lignans and phenolic acids in n = 39,892 eligible MCCS participants, using baseline dietary data (1990–1994) from a 121-item FFQ containing 17 cereal foods, matched to a polyphenol database developed from published literature and Phenol-Explorer Database. Intakes were estimated within groups according to lifestyle and demographic factors. The median (25th–75th percentile) intake of total polyphenols from cereal foods was 86.9 mg/day (51.4–155.8). The most consumed compounds were phenolic acids, with a median intake of 67.1 mg (39.5–118.8), followed by alkylresorcinols of 19.7 mg (10.8–34.6). Lignans made the smallest contribution of 0.50 mg (0.13–0.87). Higher polyphenol intakes were associated with higher relative socio-economic advantage and prudent lifestyles, including lower body mass index (BMI), non-smoking and higher physical activity scores. The findings based on polyphenol data specifically matched to the FFQ provide new information on intakes of cereal polyphenols, and how they might vary according to lifestyle and demographic factors.
Efficient utilization of red mud waste via stepwise leaching to obtain α-hematite and mesoporous γ-alumina
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Rahbar-Kelishami Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Utilizing the red mud sustainably is now a challenging issue. Red mud due to its wide production, presence of some radioactive elements, high alkalinity, and salinity, has a dramatic potential to contaminate soil and groundwater. Notwithstanding its drawbacks, Red mud consists several elements, including Ca, Al, Ti, Si, and Fe, in various mineral forms. In this study, stepwise leaching was applied as a proper method to separate and purify the main valuable elements using available and affordable HCl. The pre-leaching step under optimized conditions using HCl (0.2 M) at room temperature for 2 h removed 89% of the calcium content from red mud. To selectively remove the solid silica, the residue was treated with concentrated HCl (3.0 M, L/S of 20 mL/g) at 95 °C, resulting in the dissolution of iron and aluminum content with up to 90% efficiency. After precipitation of the Fe3+ and Al3+, they were characterized using FT-IR, BET, EDS, XRD, SEM and TEM monographs, confirming the formation of nanosized hematite (α-Fe2O3) and mesoporous gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3). Consequently, inexpensive red mud was converted into highly valuable nano-sized metal oxides using simple, sustainable techniques and cheap reagents. Moreover, this technique generates the lowest amounts of waste during the leaching process and all reagents can be recycled for further uses, making this method a sustainable utilization.
Synthesis of fused tetramate-oxazolidine and -imidazolidine derivatives and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Saney Liban , Panduwawala Tharindi , Li Xiang , Christensen Kirsten E. , Genov Miroslav , Pretsch Alexander , Pretsch Dagmar , Moloney Mark G.
Published: May 2023

Chemoselective ring closure of malonamides gives oxazolidine- or imidazolidine fused tetramates, some of which show antibacterial activity against Gram positive organism; these occupy a well-defined region of chemical space.
Single microgel degradation governed by heterogeneous nanostructures
Authors: Nishizawa Yuichiro , Yokoi Hiroki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: May 2023

The real-time visualization via high-speed atomic force microscopy revealed that single microgel exhibit heterogeneous degradation behavior.
Role of protein aggregate structure on the strength and underwater performance of barnacle-inspired adhesives
Authors: Wilson Michael C. , Beasley Maryssa A. , Fears Kenan P. , Yates Elizabeth A. , So Christopher R.
Published: May 2023

Amyloid structure provides long-term underwater durability to barnacle-inspired protein adhesives.
Analytical prediction method of power system frequency deviation under uncertain power fluctuations
Authors: Zhu Lixuan , Ju Ping , Yu Yiping
Published: May 2023

In modern power systems, the impact of random power sources and loads on power systems is increasing, resulting in threatened system frequency security. However, traditional methods are often not comprehensive in modelling randomness, and there is no analytical method to assess the frequency response of power systems under uncertain power fluctuations. Here, the power fluctuation in a power system is regarded as an interval random quantity. An analytical prediction method of the power system frequency deviation under uncertain power fluctuation is proposed. Through further deduction, the allowable range of power fluctuation under the premise of secure frequency deviation can also be defined, which provides a reference for frequency security and accident prevention in power systems. Numerical simulations with the model of the East China Power Grid demonstrate that the proposed analytical method can delimit the response interval of system frequency deviation well, and the backstepping calculation can also delimit the allowable range of power fluctuation to ensure the secure operation of the system.
X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57 as an orthogonal rotator
Authors: Tsygankov Sergey S. , Doroshenko Victor , Mushtukov Alexander A. , Poutanen Juri , Di Marco Alessandro , Heyl Jeremy , La Monaca Fabio , Forsblom Sofia V. , Malacaria Christian , Marshall Herman L. , Suleimanov Valery F. , Svoboda Jiri , Taverna Roberto , Ursini Francesco , Agudo Iván , Antonelli Lucio A. , Bachetti Matteo , Baldini Luca , Baumgartner Wayne H. , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Bianchi Stefano , Bongiorno Stephen D. , Bonino Raffaella , Brez Alessandro , Bucciantini Niccolò , Capitanio Fiamma , Castellano Simone , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Chen Chien-Ting , Ciprini Stefano , Costa Enrico , De Rosa Alessandra , Del Monte Ettore , Di Gesu Laura , Di Lalla Niccolò , Donnarumma Immacolata , Dovčiak Michal , Ehlert Steven R. , Enoto Teruaki , Evangelista Yuri , Fabiani Sergio , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , Garcia Javier A. , Gunji Shuichi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Iwakiri Wataru , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Kaaret Philip , Karas Vladimir , Kislat Fabian , Kitaguchi Takao , Kolodziejczak Jeffery J. , Krawczynski Henric , Latronico Luca , Liodakis Ioannis , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Marin Frédéric , Marinucci Andrea , Marscher Alan P. , Massaro Francesco , Matt Giorgio , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Muleri Fabio , Negro Michela , Ng Chi-Yung , O’Dell Stephen L. , Omodei Nicola , Oppedisano Chiara , Papitto Alessandro , Pavlov George G. , Peirson Abel L. , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Pilia Maura , Possenti Andrea , Puccetti Simonetta , Ramsey Brian D. , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Roberts Oliver J. , Romani Roger W. , Sgrò Carmelo , Slane Patrick , Soffitta Paolo , Spandre Gloria , Swartz Douglas A. , Tamagawa Toru , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Tawara Yuzuru , Tennant Allyn F. , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tombesi Francesco , Trois Alessio , Turolla Roberto , Vink Jacco , Weisskopf Martin C. , Wu Kinwah , Xie Fei , Zane Silvia
Published: May 2023

X-ray polarimetry is a unique way to probe the geometrical configuration of highly magnetized accreting neutron stars (X-ray pulsars). GRO J1008−57 is the first transient X-ray pulsar observed at two different flux levels by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) during its outburst in November 2022. We find the polarization properties of GRO J1008−57 to be independent of its luminosity, with the polarization degree varying between nondetection and about 15% over the pulse phase. Fitting the phase-resolved spectro-polarimetric data with the rotating vector model allowed us to estimate the pulsar inclination (130°, which is in good agreement with the orbital inclination), the position angle (75°) of the pulsar spin axis, and the magnetic obliquity (∼74°). This makes GRO J1008−57 the first confidently identified nearly orthogonal rotator among X-ray pulsars. We discuss our results in the context of the neutron star atmosphere models and theories of the axis alignment of accreting pulsars.
Cross Section Measurements of (n,x) Reactions at 17.9 and 18.9 MeV Using Highly Enriched Ge Isotopes
Authors: Chasapoglou S. , Vlastou R. , Kokkoris M. , Diakaki M. , Michalopoulou V. , Gkatis G. , Stamatopoulos A. , Axiotis M. , Harissopoulos S. , Lagoyannis A. , Savva M.I. , Stamatelatos I.E. , Vasilopoulou T. , Lederer-Woods C.
Published: May 2023

Nine neutron induced reactions on Ge isotopes (70Ge(n,2n)69Ge, 76Ge(n,2n)75Ge, 73Ge(n,p)73Ga, 72Ge(n,p)72Ga, 73Ge(n,d/np)72Ga, 74Ge(n,d/np)73Ga, 74Ge(n,α)71mZn, 72Ge(n,α)69mZn, 73Ge(n,nα)69mZn) have been measured in this work at energies 16.4-18.9 MeV. For these reactions, most of the experimental datasets in literature were obtained with a natGe target. However, the residual nucleus produced by some reaction channels can also be produced from neighboring isotopes, acting as a contamination for the measured reactions. This contribution must be subtracted, based on theoretical calculations, bearing their own uncertainties. The use of enriched targets however, does not suffer from such contaminations, leading to accurate experimental results. In this scope, five highly isotopically enriched Ge samples have been used in this work. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the 3H(d,n)4He reaction at the 5.5 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator of N.C.S.R. ‘Demokritos’. The cross section of these nine reactions were measured using the activation method, with respect to the 27Al(n,α)24Na reference reaction.
Measurement of partial (n, n’γ) reaction cross-sections on highly radioactive nuclei of interest for energy production
Authors: Claeys François , Dessagne Philippe , Kerveno Maëlle , De Saint Jean Cyrille , Borcea Catalin , Boromiza Marian , Capote Roberto , Dari Bako Nicolas , Dupuis Marc , Henning Greg , Hilaire Stéphane , Negret Alexandru , Noguère Gilles , Nyman Markus , Olacel Adina , Plompen Arjan
Published: May 2023

In the context of the development of Gen. IV nuclear reactors, the GIF (Generation IV. International Forum) has selected six innovative technologies. Among them, one can highlight the concept of breeding for 232Th/233U and 238U/239Pu fuel cycles. But those nuclei, crucial for such cycles, suffer from a lack of precise knowledge (nuclear structure, reaction cross sections). In particular, it has been demonstrated that neutron inelastic scattering reaction cross sections are not known with sufficient precision for the isotopes 238U and 239Pu, and not known at all experimentally for 233U. In order to perform simulations of innovative reactor cores for the development of those technologies, the knowledge of the reaction cross section has to be improved which implies that new measurements have to be done. The GRAPhEME (GeRmanium array for Actinides PrEcise MEasurements) experimental setup, developed by the IPHC laboratory from CNRS and installed at the EC-JRC-Geel GELINA facility is a powerful tool to answer this need [1, 2]. Combining the prompt γ-ray spectroscopy and the time-of-flight methods, it measures partial (n, xnγ) reaction cross sections. This paper reports on the improvements made on the GRAPhEME setup and data analysis methodology to tackle the challenge of (n, xnγ) cross section measurements on high activity actinides. Results obtained so far on 233U are presented compared to TALYS calculations.
A new measurement on 56Fe(n,inl) using GAINS@GELINA
Authors: Negret Alexandru , Borcea Catalin , Boromiza Marian , Claeys François , Dessagne Philippe , Fontana Cristiano , Henning Greg , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kavatsyuk Myroslav , Kerveno Maelle , Nyman Markus , Olacel Adina , Oprea Andreea , Paradela Carlos , Plompen Arjan
Published: May 2023

The extended dataset of 56Fe(n,n’γ) cross sections measured by our group more than a decade ago at GELINA (Geel Linear Accelerator) was used in many recent evaluations like ENDF, JEFF and CIELO. Despite the special measures we took to ensure reliability and accuracy, concerns were raised by various groups with regard to several features of this dataset (absolute normalization and/or shape) and therefore the 56Fe(n,inl) cross section is still under the evaluation by the International Nuclear Data Evaluation Network (INDEN). Consequently, a new experiment is now under preparation aiming to take advantage of the numerous experimental improvements of the GAINS (Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering) setup implemented over the years. While γ spectroscopy combined with the time-of-flight method will remain the main technique involved, several other experimental details will differ substantially.