bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI BERBANTUAN MEDIA ASSEMBLR EDU BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Harfiani Dani Rahma , Wulandari Desi , Safitri Rani Dwi , Sayektiningsih Sayektiningsih
Published: February 2025

In the digital age, educational challenges include the integration of technology by teachers to meet the diverse needs of students. Many teachers still find it difficult to update their knowledge and skills as technology evolves. This hinders the achievement of the desired independent learning. The study aims to identify progress in the learning achievement of grade IV-B students through the application of a differentiated learning approach using augmented reality-based edu assemblr media in science subjects at SDN Gisikdrono 02 Semarang City. This study uses a classroom action research approach consisting of two cycles with four stages, namely: 1) planning, 2) implementation, 3) observation, 4) reflection. The subjects of this study were 27 students of grade IV-B of SD Negeri Gisikdrono 02. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, tests, and documentation. The results showed that the use of Assemblr Edu media based on Augmented Reality improved student learning outcomes. This can be seen from the acquisition of teacher activity scores in cycle I, which was 78.06 (sufficient) increased to 83.23 (Good) in cycle II. The learning outcomes of grade IV-B students on culturally rich Indonesian material have increased after using augmented reality-based edu assemblr media. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle I, namely 63% (less) to 85.2% (good) in cycle II
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DENGAN KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL PADA MAHASISWA PENJASKESREK
Authors: Yulinar Yulinar , Rozal M. Rizky , Kurniawan Erizal , Syahrianursaifi Syahrianursaifi , Husaini Husaini
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and intellectual intelligence in Physical Education students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Abulyatama University. The research hypothesis is that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and intellectual intelligence in Physical Education students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Abulyatama University. Correlation research method. The population is all Penjaskesrek FKIP Abulyatama University students, while the sample taken was 38 students. Data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed via Google Form. The data analysis technique uses a correlation formula. The results of the research showed that the average value and standard deviation of emotional intelligence were 83 and 2.30 and intellectual intelligence were 3.36 and 0.22. The correlation calculation result (r) is 0.73 and the t test calculation result is 6.44. To prove the results, the t-count was 6.44 and the t-table at the 95% significance level was 1.68 (t-count = 6.44 > t-table = 1.68), so the proposed research hypothesis was accepted as correct. This means that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and intellectual intelligence in Physical Education and Physical Education students Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Abulyatama University
IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI QUIZIZZ DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAN
Authors: Syahabuddin Syahabuddin , Kesuma Sapta , Gultom Rumesti
Published: February 2025

Students' learning motivation is very important in the learning process because it is one of the factors that determines whether students can achieve achievements. One way to keep students' learning motivation good in learning is by using learning media in the learning process. This research aims to find out how Pancasila and Citizenship Education subject teachers apply the Quizizz application as a learning medium in the learning process as an effort to increase students' learning motivation. This research is a case study research using a qualitative approach carried out at SMA Negeri 14 Medan. The results of this research show that the application of the Quizizz application as a learning medium by Civics subject teachers has gone very well, where all students can understand well the procedures for using Quizizz. Using Quizizz can also facilitate better learning through its interactive and competitive features, such as interesting online quizzes, automatic leaderboards, immediate feedback, and game elements that can motivate students to participate actively
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN GANDA DAN STRESS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN WANITA SE PTKIN PROVINSI
Authors: Seprianto Seprianto , Daflaini Daflaini
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of Work Family conflict and work stress on the performance of lecturers at Stete Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saefuddin Jambi. The sample of this study were female lecturers at the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi which consisted of 98 lectures, and this was used total sampling technique. The data collection techniques used a questionnaire. Then, the Data was analysed by using SPSS 21 program which used multiple linear analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there is a positive and significant influence between Work Family conflict on the performance of female lecturers at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saefuddin Jambi with a significance value of 0.000 0.05, (3) there is a Work Family conflict and work stress has a positive and significant influence on the performance of female lecturers at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.
DUOLINGO : AN APP TO BOOST STUDENTS' VOCABULARY IN SPEAKING
Authors: Meliyuana Putri , Suryani Suryani , Dauyah Ema
Published: February 2025

The purposes of this study are to determine the improvement and perception of students about the use of the Duolingo application as an English learning tool. This research uses quantitative method. The sample of this study was 22 students in IPAS-3 class of the academic year 2023/2024. Data was obtained through the collection of test results and distribution of questionnaires. The test contains one topic about "family", while the questionnaire contains 10 closed questions. Based on data analysis of test, students' vocabulary skills in speaking have improved. Before the treatment, students' vocabulary ability in speaking had an average score 36.82, while after the treatment, students' vocabulary ability in speaking improved as much as 65,45. In addition, based on the questionnaire data, it was revealed that there are 4 very high categories, namely Duolingo is easy to use for beginners (83%), animated displays on Duolingo can attract attention (83%), students are excited to learn English through the Duolingo application (83%), and this application can help students learn English (85.2%). It is suggested that teachers can use Duolingo aplication in the teaching of vocabulary for speaking purposes.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JAZZ CHANTS TO ENHANCE VOCABULARY MASTERY AMONG EFL YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Yanti Novi , Suryani Suryani , Susiani Rini
Published: February 2025

This study aims to improve students’ vocabulary mastery in English learning using the Jazz Chants technique. This study uses pre-experimental research with quantitative methods. There were 35 students from fifth grade of MIN 09 Banda Aceh who were involved as respondents in this study. This study used pre-test and post-test research instrument. The test consisted of 10 questions in which the students had to recognize the vocabulary about body parts. The data then was analyzed using SPSS 22 version. The findings show that the use of Jazz Chants technique is significantly improving students’ understanding of vocabulary mastery. This is because students learn and practice to recognize the body parts vocabulary using Jazz Chants technique. It is evidenced by the average pretest score of writing vocabulary before treatment, namely 55.14, while the average score after being given treatment are 92.29. The paired T test shows that the t value obtained is -37.142 with a p value of 0.000. This means that there is significant increase in students’ vocabulary mastery after using the Jazz Chants technique. Thus, it is recommended for English teachers to use Jazz Chants technique in teaching vocabulary to students
RELEFANSI NILAI PAK DALAM UPACARA KAUS NONO MA TASAEB NONO BERDASARKAN LENSA PAUL TILICH BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA IUS MOLLO KECAMATA MOLLO UTARA
Authors: Baun Nofriana , Djawa Maya , Silla Abia , Koeslulat Welmenci
Published: February 2025

This study examines the Christian Religious Education values in the Kaus Nono Ma Tasaeb Nono ceremony, analyzed through Paul Tillich's lens, within the community of Ius Mollo Village, North Mollo District. Employing qualitative methods with observation and interviews, the findings reveal that the ceremony embodies spiritual, social, and symbolic meanings: safeguarding households from calamities, honoring women as they adapt to their husband's extended family, and uniting spouses as one entity. Through Tillich's perspective, the Christian Religious Education transcends doctrinal teaching, becoming a transformative process that integrates intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and cultural dimensions, with culture acting as a unifying force in the community
Culture and sensitivity analysis in rhinitis atrophic: case series
Authors: Tjahyadewi Shelly , Aditomo Rano , Rahayu Rahayu , Sulistyanto Agung , Pasaribu Nurfauziati
Published: February 2025

Atrophic rhinitis is a rare condition affecting the nasal mucosa, characterized by progressive nasal congestion, foul odor, and thick nasal secretions. It is classified into two types: primary (idiopathic), where the cause remains unknown, and secondary, which develops due to another underlying condition. Primary atrophic rhinitis, often called ozaena (from the Greek word for "stench"), has also been described as acute necrotizing rhinitis, catarrhal atrophic rhinitis, or coryza foetida. This condition predominantly affects women, with a reported ratio of 6:1.5. It is more prevalent in tropical regions and among populations with low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene, although its exact etiology remains unclear. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on a triad of symptoms: fetor, greenish nasal crusts, and an abnormally wide nasal cavity, often observed in advanced cases. This case series presents two rare instances of atrophic rhinitis, highlighting distinct characteristics and risk factors while contributing valuable insights into understanding this uncommon disorder.
Ekplorasi Hubungan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dengan Ino-vasi Produk di Lingkungan UMKM
Authors: Siswati Aris , Suryo Parkoso R. Agung , Purnami Restu Suwondo Juwita
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial education level, business capital, business age, and workforce size on product innovation in SMEs in Malang City. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Results indicate that all four variables positively and significantly affect product innovation. Entrepreneurial education, particularly technical skills and managerial abilities, provides a crucial foundation for innovation. Business capital, especially initial capital, supports innovation implementation, while business age shows that experience enhances SMEs' innovative capacity. Workforce size, particularly permanent employees, plays a vital role in innovation stability. The moderating effects of business capital, business age, and workforce size strengthen the relationship between entrepreneurial education and product innovation. Recommendations include improving access to capital, entrepreneurship training, and workforce stability support to enhance SMEs’ product innovation.
Teacher Turnover, Social Capital, and Improvement: How Instability Disrupts Schools
Authors: Jabbar Huriya , Holme Jennifer Jellison
Published: February 2025

Teacher turnover is a persistent policy concern in public education. Researchers have documented negative impacts of turnover on student outcomes; yet we know little about the causal mechanisms by which turnover influences, or disrupts, schools’ efforts to improve. In our longitudinal qualitative study, we examined how turnover affects relationships, trust, and shared knowledge in organizations—that is, organizational social capital—in ways that can impede school improvement efforts. We found that teacher turnover depletes organizational social capital by disrupting networks and relationships between teachers working in teams, weakening shared meanings and goals in schools, and impeding teachers’ ability to collectively engage in problem-solving and learning. We illuminate the hidden ways in which instability undermines improvement efforts and strains organizations.
Catestatin and proinflammatory cytokines as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep APNEA syndrome in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tokarev S. A. , Gubareva I. V. , Shvan L. Yu. , Kochetkov S. G. , Kiseleva G. I. , Gaberman O. E. , Vukolova Yu. Yu. , Pashentseva A. V. , Savelyeva N. V.
Published: February 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic disorders with a number of factors that increase cardiovascular risk. Arterial hypertension is one of the components associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, in addition to disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Currently, a causal relationship between OSA and MS has been determined, represented by the fact that intermittent hypoxia occurs in OSA, as well as fragmentation of sleep. The transferred coronavirus infection is clearly associated with an increase in the parameters of the lipidogram, as well as the value of the average SAD and DAD per day, the number of complications from the cardiovascular system in patients with hypertension. The aim was to study the characteristics of the level of catestatin and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients who underwent COVID-19. Materials and methods: The study included 88 male patients with MS and hypertension. Depending on the presence or absence of a history of coronavirus infection, patients were divided into 2 groups: the number of subjects in group 1 (n= 51), in the second group (n=37). All patients with grade 1-3 hypertension, with the achieved target blood pressure level. The age of the subjects was 30-70 years. All patients underwent: collection of complaints and anamnesis, assessment of body mass index (BMI); determination of the lipid spectrum, blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate. The ELISA method determined catestatin, interleukins 1, 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Instrumental studies were carried out: cardiorespiratory monitoring. Results: when assessing traditional risk factors, it was revealed: a direct relationship between the level of IL-6 and the stage of hypertension (r=0.90; p=0.0355), as well as the relationship between BMI and episodes of anpoe for more than 40 seconds (r=0.89; p=0.0107). Intra-group correlation analysis of the data revealed a direct statistically significant relationship between IAG and degree of AH (r=0.86; p=0.0184)
Sarcopenia and COVID-19 - a complex pathological duet
Authors: Bulgakova S. V. , Kurmaev D. P. , Treneva E. V.
Published: February 2025

March 11, 2020 The World Health Organization has declared the New Coronavirus Infection 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. The risk of complications in the acute period of COVID-19 was obvious almost immediately. However, back in 2020, during the onset and height of the pandemic, health professionals began to think about the possible negative long-term and delayed consequences of COVID-19. Until now, the world is facing the long-term consequences of COVID-19 among survivors, who often have multisystem pathological manifestations. The study of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to be an urgent problem of modern medical science. Currently, increased attention is being paid to sarcopenia, which occurred in patients after COVID-19. On the other hand, sarcopenia is a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with new coronavirus infection. In 2020, a self-isolation regime (lockdown) was introduced in many countries as an effective anti-epidemic strategy. Unfortunately, the self-isolation regime has led to a decrease in physical activity, especially in elderly and senile people. Therefore, physical inactivity against the background of self-isolation itself was a risk factor for sarcopenia. In addition, during self-isolation, many patients experienced an increase in the caloric content of their diet and the development of obesity. Rehabilitation after COVID-19 necessarily includes measures for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Thus, this literature review is devoted to the study of the relationship between sarcopenia and COVID-19.
Physical training in a comprehensive program of prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in geriatric patients
Authors: Kurmaev D. P. , Bulgakova S. V. , Treneva E. V. , Kosareva O. V. , Merzlova P. Ya. , Sharonova L. A. , Dolgikh Yu. A.
Published: February 2025

Muscles play an important role in daily activities. In a healthy person, skeletal muscles make up about 40% of the total body weight and contain 50-75% of all body proteins. During aging and/or in the presence of concomitant risk factors, there is a loss of strength, mass and function of skeletal muscles. Sarcopenia is widespread among older people and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, decreased functionality, frailty and mortality. Lack of physical activity in old age is an important risk factor for sarcopenia. Therefore, physical activity is the main method of preventing and slowing the progression of age-related sarcopenia. Although physical activity cannot completely suppress the process of sarcopenia and age-related deterioration of muscle function, physical training can delay the onset of sarcopenia and reduce its severity. This literature review provides up-to-date information on the physiological, biochemical, and hormonal effects of exercise. The main types of physical activity that can be used for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in geriatric patients, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of physical exercise are considered.
Features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tezikov Yu. V. , Kalinkina O. B. , Lipatov I. S. , Mayorova M. O.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to study the features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome. We examined the results of the examination and treatment of patient M, 55 years old, diagnosed with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2). Impaired glucose tolerance. Dyslipidemia. Menopausal syndrome. Arterial hypertension 1 st degree. The patient was recommended moderate physical activity, with calorie restriction up to 1400 kcal, and a hypocholesterolemic diet. A drug was prescribed, which is a combination of estradiol 1.0 mg with drosperinone 2.0 mg, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 5 mg per day, orlistat with an improved safety profile 120 mg 3 times a day after meals, metformin 1000 mg. The complex treatment was carried out for 6 months with a follow-up examination after 6 months. The patient’s hot flashes stopped, sleep returned to normal, night sweats and headache did not bother her. After 6 months, the weight decreased to the initial body weight. The body mass index after 6 months was 25 kg/m2, which is the norm. The waist circumference after 6 months was 74 cm. Blood pressure stably corresponded to 120/70 mm Hg. Taking antihypertensive drugs was not required. Total cholesterol after 6 months was 4.8 mmol/l. The patient was recommended to continue treatment with subsequent examination annually. Thus, menopausal metabolic syndrome can be considered as one of the variants of the manifestation of menopausal syndrome, which requires an integrated approach to diagnosis and therapy. Individually selected menopausal hormone therapy, being an effective means of relieving the manifestations of menopausal syndrome, also contributes to a positive effect on the components of the metabolic syndrome in this age period. This clinical case demonstrates the need for an individual integrated approach to the management of patients of this age period, with the inclusion of MGT drug, which most effectively has a therapeutic effect due to its pharmacological characteristics.
THE LANGUAGE OF LUCK: AN EXPLORATION INTO MEDIA DISCOURSE ON GAMBLING IN ROMANIAN NEWS OUTLETS
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, BERZOVAN ALEXANDRA-TEODORA , NEDELCU IOANA ,   Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MOGOȘ ANDREEA ALINA ,   Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: February 2025

The issue of gambling has become a widely discussed topic. In Romania, this discussion has gained momentum due to public concerns about excessive and unmarked advertising, as well as the proximity of gambling halls to public institutions and schools, posing a risk to young people. Mass-media also plays a crucial role in shaping and directing public opinion. Therefore, this research uses a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative methods with qualitative methods in order to closely examine how the media constructs its narratives about gambling and the individuals involved in
such practices. This paper takes into account the predominant frames used in online media coverage of gambling in the general news websites Libertatea and Adevărul and the tabloids Click and Cancan, along with prevailing sentiments and narratives in each case. By using a Media Frames Corpus, the study unveils prevalent themes such as “Policy prescription and evaluation,” “Crime and punishment,” and “Public figures and celebrities”. Notably, sentiment analysis uncovers a pervasive negative tone across all sources, with Click exhibiting the highest negativity. It has further yielded results that showcase general news websites’ focus on legal and regulatory aspects, and tabloids’ tendency to expand on anecdotal, sensational or tragic stories.
Book review - MIHAI CHIRICĂ. 2024. Celebritățile digitale și publicitatea. Utilizarea platformelor Instagram și TikTok dintr-o perspectivă comparativă/ Advertising endorsed by digital celebrities. A comparative perspective of Instagram and TikTok usage. București: Tritonic. 250 p.
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, SZAMBOLICS JULIA
Published: February 2025

Mihai Chirică’s debut publication as a unique author is entitled “Advertising endorsed by digital celebrities. A comparative perspective of Instagram and TikTok usage.” The book is the outcome of his PhD thesis, which he successfully defended at Babes-Bolyai University. Due to the extensive
literature on the topic, the comparative cross-platform approach, and the mix of qualitative and quantitative results derived from empirical research, this publication is an important addition to the national literature on influencer marketing and social media influencers.
Early Childhood Measurement Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Age, Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Palmer Alyssa R , Stallworthy Isabella , DeJoseph Meriah Lee , Berry Daniel
Published: February 2025

Research suggests there are differences in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms as a function of age, race, sex, and socio-economic status (SES). Males, Black children, and children experiencing lower SES have been rated as having more externalizing problems. Female and older children have been rated as having higher internalizing symptoms. The validity of these findings rests on the assumption that the measures mean the same thing across groups and developmental time (i.e., Measurement Invariance; MI). Without assuring MI, results may represent differences in measurement and not true differences in the underlying construct. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used tool to measure internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Papers have evaluated MI of the SDQ in school-aged children. However, to our knowledge, no studies of young children have examined MI across Black and White families from diverse SES backgrounds. Data from the Family Life Project were used to evaluate MI of the SDQ across child age (35 to 90 months), race, sex, and SES. Using moderated non-linear factor analysis (MNLFA), multiple SDQ items demonstrated measurement non-invariance as a function of child demographic variables. Results suggest that it is important to test and adjust for non-invariance with the SDQ when applied to early-childhood populations comprising Black and White children from diverse SES backgrounds. An MNLFA approach improves our ability to validly measure and compare symptoms of psychopathology in diverse early childhood populations. This could have implications for our understanding of rates of mental health challenges and treatment in early childhood.
The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder among Young Adult Injury Patients in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mwita Winfrida C. , Keating Elizabeth M , Philemon Rune Nathaniel , Muro Florida , Mmbaga Blandina , Msuya Sia E. , de Oliveira Aline Chotte , Staton Catherine A
Published: February 2025

Background: Alcohol use is a major risk factor for injuries, which are the leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality among young people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Tanzania, high rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and heavy episodic drinking have been documented. However, data on alcohol use among young adult (24 years) injury patients remain limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of alcohol use, drinking patterns, alcohol-related consequences, and depressive symptoms among young people with acute injuries seeking care at the emergency department (ED) in Northern Tanzania.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study used data from the ongoing PRACT trial, including young adults (18–24 years) with acute injuries. Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), alcohol-related consequences with the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC), and mental health with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of the study participants, while subgroup analyses assessed alcohol use patterns, risk levels, and alcohol-related consequences, including depression. Results: A total of 469 patients (mean age: 21.4 years, SD ±1.9) were included. Nearly half (47.7%) were current drinkers, and 11.9% reported alcohol use within six hours before injury. Among current drinkers, 38.4% had risky or problematic drinking patterns based on AUDIT scores, with 23.7% engaging in hazardous drinking, 7.1% in harmful drinking, and 7.6% showing probable alcohol dependence. Binge drinking was common, with a median of one binge day per month (IQR: 0-4). However, only 4.4% had ever sought help for alcohol-related problems. Depressive symptoms were present in 8.7% of participants, with the highest prevalence (20.0%) observed in those with probable alcohol dependence.Conclusion: Alcohol use is highly prevalent among young injury patients in Northern Tanzania, with many engaging in risky drinking and experiencing depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the need for routine alcohol screening and brief interventions in EDs to identify at-risk individuals and provide timely support. Community-based education and policies to reduce alcohol availability and promote healthier behaviors are also essential. Integrating mental health services into alcohol interventions is critical in addressing the dual burden of alcohol use and mental health issues in young adults.
Introducing the Null Faculty into Liberal Education: where Dewey and Piaget are realized
Authors: Panarello Christian
Published: February 2025

Although we are very often taken to pass judgment on such abstract topics as “teacher quality” and “classroom environments”, the Liberal Education that much of the Western World has been engaged in is predicated on a thus introduced “Null Faculty” – the teaching is far more approximate to a cultist and reduced behavior otherwise unknown to recognisable forms of intellectualism. Dewey and Piaget have introduced principled ideas that this intentionally brief – and therefore accessible – text has covered in tandem with its own principles.
Grid-based and text-based feedback effects in digital essay writing
Authors: Böttger Tobias , Keller Melanie V. , Daumiller Martin
Published: February 2025

Background: Feedback plays a crucial role in learning processes by providing guidance to learners, reinforcing strengths, and highlighting areas for improvement to enhance their perfor-mance and understanding. Feedback is particularly important in digital learning environments, as it compensates for the lack of direct personal exchange and supports learners in self-direction. The feedback’s perceived usefulness is paramount in this regard, as only feedback that is perceived as helpful and relevant is motivating and can have a positive impact on aca-demic performance.Aims: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two feedback types during digital learning regarding their perceived usefulness and student performance.Sample: This study included 173 students writing essays in an online seminar. Essay perfor-mance was quantified by applying a point grid to every essay.Methods: The feedback was presented to the students either in the form of point grids or text at two measurement points. To investigate sequence effects, the feedback types were alternated between these time points. Each feedback was accompanied by a questionnaire on its perceived usefulness. The relationships between feedback type, its perceived usefulness, and performance were evaluated using regression analyses.Results: Text-based feedback was rated as more useful but not always associated with better performance. This underscores the importance of the perceived usefulness of feedback, which aids in clarifying the feedback’s effects on performance outcomes.Conclusions: The observed patterns highlight the complexity of feedback mechanisms and em-phasize the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize feed-back design in digital teaching-learning environments.
Agentes Computacionais
Authors: Braga Juliao , Henriques Percival
Published: February 2025

O artigo discute a natureza e as características dos Agentes Computacionais (ACs), definindo-os como entidades que percebem seu ambiente e agem sobre ele através de sensores e atuadores a partir de um livro clássico. O texto explora a autonomia dos ACs, destacando que, embora possam executar tarefas complexas sem intervenção humana, não possuem inteligência no sentido humano. O trabalho também aborda a evolução dos ACs com a introdução de ferramentas computacionais e de inteligência artificial, que ampliam suas capacidades, mas não alteram sua essência não consciente. Além disso, o artigo enfatiza a importância da responsabilidade ética dos programadores na criação desses agentes, especialmente em ambientes multi-agentes onde a colaboração e a confiança entre os agentes se tornam cruciais. Adicionalmente o estudo lista uma relação ferramentas de apoio ao desenvolvimento de agentes. Por fim, o estudo propõe diretrizes para garantir a identificação e autenticação dos algoritmos, visando assegurar a responsabilidade pelos comportamentos dos ACs.
Who dominates the discourse on ChatGPT? Experts on text-generative Artificial Intelligence in German newspapers
Authors: Lüders Tabea , Promies Nikolai , Leidecker-Sandmann Melanie , Lehmkuhl Markus
Published: February 2025

The public AI discourse is permeated by visions and interpretations that influence the way in which the emerging technology is perceived, evaluated, developed and applied in society. Generating acceptance for a particular vision is therefore a central goal for a variety of societal actors engaged with the new technology. Recently businesspeople like Sam Altman, Sundar Pichai or Elon Musk seem to be more successful in promoting their AI visions than others. Assuming a powerful journalism that selects actors and presents their statements publicly, various scholars explain the disproportionate influence through an economically biased media coverage of AI. To contextualise this concern, we develop a conceptual framework to differentiate actors according to their AI related expertise and examine it via a semi-automated content analysis of the media coverage of text-generative AI tools such as ChatGPT in German print media. Within the articles published between November 2022 and April 2024 in ten newspapers, scientists and businesspeople were mostly identified. Commonly business-related practical expertise regarding AI development dominated the debate compared to rather science-related epistemic knowledge about the technology’s functionality or its professional ethical evaluation. In summary, our findings put into perspective the assumed dominance of economic actors in the mediated AI debate by extrapolating a nearly balanced appearance of scientists and businesspeople but indicating a shortage of independent evaluations of the technology’s functionality in the form of epistemic expertise.
Contextual Gradient Realignment for Large Language Model Training with Stochastic Latent Projection
Authors: Kirk Balwyn , Wren Alistair , Hartwright Tobias , Quilter Barnaby
Published: February 2025

Gradient instability presents a persistent challenge in Large Language Model (LLM) training, where stochastic variations in weight updates contribute to unpredictable optimization behavior. Conventional approaches rely on global constraints or indirect stabilization techniques, yet such strategies fail to leverage latent contextual dependencies that influence gradient trajectories. A novel optimization framework, Contextual Gradient Realignment (CGR), introduces a learned projection mechanism that modifies gradient updates within the latent space, ensuring that parameter adjustments remain consistent with structured representations developed throughout training. Empirical results indicate that CGR leads to improvements in convergence efficiency, preserving weight update coherence while preventing excessive fluctuations in parameter trajectories. Model generalization performance is assessed through validation and test accuracy metrics, demonstrating that structured gradient modifications enhance predictive capabilities without introducing computational bottlenecks. An extensive evaluation of gradient magnitude distributions and activation sparsity trends further confirms the effectiveness of CGR in facilitating stable weight propagation across transformer-based architectures. Computational efficiency remains within practical limits, with additional memory overhead offset through gains in optimization consistency and training stability. The findings suggest that CGR provides an effective gradient modification strategy that can be integrated into existing optimization frameworks to enhance the reliability and efficiency of large-scale neural network training.
National AI Opinion Monitor: Public Awareness and Use of AI Tools
Authors: Ognyanova Katherine , Singh Vivek
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has quickly become part of our daily routine. We are increasingly exposed to these technologies, both at work and in our personal lives. The National AI Opinion Monitor (NAIOM) tracks public perceptions about AI, offering a detailed look at attitudes across demographic groups. The insights we offer come at a crucial time: as AI continues to expand into media, healthcare, law enforcement, education, and beyond, understanding public sentiment is essential for policymakers, companies, journalists, educators, and the general public. This is the first in a series of reports, which also includes upcoming publications on AI trust, AI and the news media, AI jobs and regulation, and AI knowledge.
Expectations and Reality in Medical Practice: The Importance of Market Demand in Bahia
Authors: Lacerda Giovana Ramalho
Published: February 2025

Between 2013-2022, there was a 103% increase in medical school openings. Regarding this growth, it is noteworthy to highlight the difference between private and public institutions: from 2003-2023, the growth of public medical schools corresponded to 64%, while private ones grew by 358%. This rapid expansion compromised the quality of courses, with 92% of medical schools failing to meet the Federal Medical Council's criteria. The objective of this study is to understand the motivations of physicians for choosing their profession and specialty, their use of social media in medical practice, and their salary expectations, comparing them to the realities of the labor market, particularly between physicians in urban and rural areas. The research was conducted through questionnaires developed from a bibliographic review. The questionnaire addressed variables such as socioeconomic status, motivation for choosing medicine, specialty, salary expectations, and use of social media. The sample included 167 physicians, and the questionnaires were sent online. Regarding the results, 36.3% of physicians expressed willingness to work in rural areas. Physicians using social media account for 41.2%, with over 50% of plastic surgeons being users. Concerning salary expectations at the peak of their careers, 50% of physicians expect a salary exceeding 20 times the minimum wage. In conclusion, the research highlights a preference for urban practice among physicians, mainly due to the profitability of specialties and tertiary care. There has not been an increase in social media usage in recent years, as its use appears to be delineated by specialty, with plastic surgeons being the predominant users.
A Method for Imputing Ordinal Responses at the Intersection of Misfitting Items and Persons in a Guttman Scale
Authors: Balbuena Sherwin
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a novel method for imputing misfitting ordinal responses at the intersection of misfit persons and items within a Guttman scale. The imputation process involves replacing misfitting responses with the nearest integer to the average of surrounding responses. Application of this technique to a university depression survey dataset led to reduced mean square fit statistics for misfitting items. Additionally, compared to removing misfit persons, this method improved homogeneity of estimates in both item difficulty and fit statistics. This imputation approach offers an effective alternative to traditional row-wise or column-wise deletions, which often result in substantial data loss.
Abstract Over Item-Specific Information: Statistical Learning Optimizes Memory Representations
Authors: Zhou Mei , Tong Shelley Xiuli
Published: February 2025

Statistical learning optimizes working memory by abstracting relations among specific items. However, the mechanisms underlying the representations of abstract and item-specific information remain unclear. This study developed a learning-memory representation paradigm in which three groups of participants, i.e., control (Experiment 1), item-specific encoding (Experiment 2), and abstract encoding (Experiment 3), were presented with a series of picture-artificial character pairs containing both abstract semantic categories at high (100%), moderate (66.7%), and low (33.3%) probability levels and item-specific information. In all experiments, participants performed an online visual search task that simultaneously assessed statistical learning and memory representation by examining how distractors containing abstract or item-specific information influenced the searching speed for artificial characters. Participants spent more time searching among abstract distractors than item-specific ones in the control but not item-specific encoding condition, indicating that by default working memory prioritizes abstract information. In contrast, in the abstract encoding condition, statistical learning effect varied across probability levels, with enhanced prioritization of abstract information for moderate and low compared to high probability items. These findings suggest that statistical learning is central to the abstraction process, with cognitive encoding strategies and input probabilities influencing the formation of abstract and item-specific representations through a flexible working memory prioritization system, particularly for uncertain inputs.
Comparing the Neural Bases of Self- and Social-Reappraisal
Authors: He Zhouzhou , Cohen Noga , Shu Jocelyn , Bo Ke , Wager Tor , Ochsner Kevin
Published: February 2025

To manage life’s stressors, we can self-regulate our emotions or seek social regulatory support. One commonly used strategy is reappraisal, where individuals reframe their own negative emotions (i.e. self-reappraisal) or help others reframe their negative emotions (i.e. social-reappraisal). Here, we compared the neural mechanisms underlying self- and social-reappraisal of negative autobiographical memories using standard univariate contrasts, Bayes factor and multivariate classifier approaches. Both self- and social-reappraisal recruited regions associated with control, such as dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Notably, multivariate patterns within control regions were indistinguishable, suggesting they play similar roles in self- and social-reappraisal. Second, social-reappraisal was both quantitatively and qualitatively different from self-reappraisal in its recruitment of control and mentalizing regions, such as the right lateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and right temporal pole. Multivariate patterns within regions associated with mentalizing were distinguishable between self- and social-reappraisal, suggesting that they are specifically involved when reappraising for others. Finally, both self- and social-reappraisal modulated activity in regions associated with affective responding and the perceptual representation of remembered scenes, including the mid-orbital frontal cortex, left insula and parahippocampus. Taken together, these data reveal the processes supporting self and social emotion regulation with implications for both basic and clinical research.
A Credibility Revolution for Relationship Science: Where Can We Step Up Our Game?
Authors: Joel Samantha , Eastwick Paul Wolfe , Khera Devinder Singh
Published: February 2025

The discipline of psychology is undergoing a credibility revolution (e.g., Nosek et al., 2022; Vazire et al., 2022), whereby researchers are critically evaluating and improving their research practices. In this review, we consider how the field of relationship science could capitalize on this movement in the context of four types of validity. Regarding statistical- conclusions validity, we find that relationship scientists are engaging in open science practices (e.g., preregistration, open data sharing) at similar rates to other fields in the context of personality and social psychology journals. However, journals that are specific to the field (i.e., close relationships journals) could do more to encourage these practices. Meanwhile, new meta-scientific research suggests that the field would benefit greatly from rigorous, widescale measurement validation work (construct validity), novel strategies to account for causal confounds (internal validity), and more diverse representation in our samples and measures (external validity). Overall, the credibility revolution offers several specific, actionable recommendations to improve the validity of research findings, many of which are highly relevant to relationship science.
Алгебраическое решение теоремы Ферма
Authors: Khusid Mykhaylo
Published: February 2025

Fermat's Last Theorem (or Fermat's last theorem) is one ofthe most popular theorems in mathematics. Formulated in French mathematician Pierre Fermat in 1637. Despite the simplicity of the formulation, literally, at the “school” arithmetic level, proof of the theoremsought by many mathematicians for more than three hundred years. And only in 1994year the theorem was proven by the English mathematician Andrew Wilson withcolleagues; The proof was published in 1995. [1]-[5] With this article, the author completes his research on the given topic, makes corrections and eliminates the errors of the previous ones.
The Hidden Toxins, In Your Everyday Concoction's!
Authors: Mercy Grace Jacintha
Published: February 2025

Many commonly used substances contain hidden biochemical risks that are often overlooked. This literature review examines the toxicity of salicylates in wintergreen essential oil and the overuse of caffeine in coffee, focusing on their synthesis, mechanisms of action, and toxicological effects. Salicylates, widely used in pain relief and skincare, can cause metabolic imbalances and systemic toxicity in high doses. Caffeine, though generally considered safe, has neurostimulatory effects that can lead to dependence, overdose, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. By analyzing these compounds, this paper highlights the importance of understanding the biochemical risks of everyday substances and promoting informed consumption to mitigate potential health hazards.
What They Don't Tell You About Conspiracy Theories: Genius-Driven Science and Informal Science Communication Predict Susceptibility to Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: D'Errico Michele , Yasseri Taha
Published: February 2025

Conspiracy beliefs can negatively impact personal health, democratic engagement, and intergroup relationships. Pop-science communication often uses narrative elements such as mystery, chance, twists, and hero-journey-like narratives to make its contents more palatable. In this way, a specific conception of scientific progress is promoted: in the beginning, everyone is wrong and blinded by prejudice; the genius arrives with the exact solution; this is mocked or considered insane until everyone realizes that he was right from the beginning. We hypothesized that a genius-driven view of science and a preference for informal science communication could influence conspiracy beliefs. To evaluate this, we administered a 104-item questionnaire to 843 U.S. residents. Genius mentality and informal science significantly predicted higher conspiracy belief, while trust in science and scientists were strong negative predictors. Importantly, genius mentality moderated the relationship between trust in science and conspiracy belief. Informal science moderated the relationship between education and genius mentality. These findings suggest that genius mentality and informal science communication influence the perception of science by promoting trust in figures isolated from the mainstream scientific community. The resulting worldview could lead to overestimating the influence individuals or small groups can have on complex social systems directly influencing conspiracy beliefs.