bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of wearable resistance during warm‐up on physical fitness measures in young female athletes
Authors: Ryan Chloe , Uthoff Aaron , Stewart Nathan , McKenzie Chloe , Cronin John
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to quantify the training effects of wearing calf‐loaded wearable resistance (WR) during a netball specific warm‐up in female netball athletes. Twenty‐nine high school female netball athletes were matched for change of direction (COD) speed and randomly allocated to either WR training or an unloaded group. Both groups performed the same warm‐up two times per week for 6 weeks, with the WR group wearing 1%–1.5% body mass loads on each calf. Pre‐ and post‐training data were collected for 5‐ and 15‐m sprint times, modified 5‐0‐5 COD splits and total time and single‐leg horizontal, lateral and countermovement (CMJ) jump performance. Both groups significantly decreased their 5 m linear sprint times (WRT = −4.41%, effect size [ES] = −1.60; control [CON] = −2.60%, ES = −0.71), while only the WRT significantly decreased their 15 m time (−2.14%, ES = −1.55). There were no significant decreases in 5‐0‐5 total time for either group, however the WRT group significantly decreased their acceleration (−7.40%, ES = −0.60) and COD split (−9.73%, ES = −1.02). Both groups increased their lateral jump (WRT: 4.60%–6.62%, ES = 0.67–0.96; CON: 5.48%–6.06%, ES = 0.73–0.75), while only the WRT group increased (p < 0.05) their horizontal jump (3.57%–4.18%, ES = 0.57–0.67). Given the results, it appears that calf‐loaded WR may be an effective method for improving linear speed, aspects of the modified 5‐0‐5 test and horizontal jump ability in female netball athletes.
Rapid response electroencephalography decreases time to seizure diagnosis in pediatric acute care patients
Authors: Rajan Nevedha , Kavanagh Toni , LaVega‐Talbott Maite , Gangadharan Sandeep
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Pediatric status epilepticus (SE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality and can result in neurologic injury. Establishing seizure activity on conventional EEG (cEEG) is essential but can delay treatment of seizures due to technician limitations. Rapid response EEG (rrEEG) device Ceribell and its Brain Stethoscope function can be used and interpreted rapidly by bedside providers with minimal training. This retrospective pilot study examines the impact of rrEEG introduction at a quaternary care children's hospital on time to definitive diagnosis and treatment, as well as the accuracy of the Brain Stethoscope.

Methods

This was a single center retrospective observational cohort study that analyzed data from patients 2–18 years old who presented with concerns for SE. For rrEEG patients, the bedside physician used the Brain Stethoscope at four discrete points. TDEA (time to diagnosis of electrographic activity) and setup time were recorded and compared using Welch's T‐test. Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for SE using the Brain Stethoscope were calculated against the epileptologist's assessment.

Results

Data were collected from 30 pediatric patients, 15 on each EEG modality. RrEEG decreased the average TDEA (132 min vs. 22 min, p < 0.001) and setup time (22 min vs. 9 min, p < 0.001), compared to the cEEG. Bedside physicians diagnosed electrographic activity using the Brain Stethoscope with 100% sensitivity (95% CI 63%–100%) and 92% specificity (95% CI 81%–97%). RrEEG ruled out seizures in 11 patients and changed clinical decision‐making in five patients.

Significance

RrEEG allowed for earlier diagnosis of brain electrographic activity in pediatric patients when compared to cEEG. The bedside provider was able to initiate EEG monitoring, successfully diagnose patients using the Brain Stethoscope, and decrease delays associated with technician availability. This promising rrEEG technology can facilitate faster assessment of SE in pediatric acute care settings, potentially reducing ongoing neurologic injury.

Plain Language Summary

Prolonged seizures in pediatric patients can cause death. Children can have seizures that are happening in the brain, but cannot be seen physically. They can be diagnosed by a machine that records the brain's electrical activity and the data can be interpreted by a specialized neurologist, but the process of getting the machine connected to the patient and getting the data often takes hours and delays diagnosis. This study evaluated a new machine called the Ceribell® and determined that it facilitated a much faster diagnosis than the conventional machine in children and helped the bedside physician interpret the data quickly.
Experimental Studies of the Effects of Recoating on Fire Protection Properties of Old and New Layers of Intumescent Coatings for Steel Elements
Authors: Wang L. L. , Zhu X. , Liu T. J.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of experimental studies investigating the effects of recoating on fire protection properties of composite layers of intumescent coatings for steel elements. Intumescent coatings, both with and without topcoats, were applied to steel plates. The samples were subjected to different cycles of hydrothermal aging before recoating. The composite layers of the existing and new coatings were then tested under fire. Comparisons of the morphological structures of the carbonaceous char revealed that the existing coating had little effect on the expansion properties of the new coating. However, the new coating reduced the expansion ratio of the existing coating. The thermal resistance of the existing coating decreased with the increasing thickness of the new coating. For specimens with a new coating 1.0 mm thick, the thermal resistance of the existing coating, after even moderate environmental exposure, was < 20% of the total and can be ignored. Contributions from the existing coating may be considered when specifying the thickness of the new coating if the new coating thickness is small and the existing coating is subjected to moderate environmental aging. Recoating with a different type of intumescent coating from the existing one appeared to provide better fire protection performance than using the same type.
Gravity Anomalies and Kimberlite Exploration in the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field of South Indian Kimberlite Province
Authors: Singh Raghu Vansh Bhushan , Babu Siriboyina Bangaru , Pratap Birendra
Published: January 2025

The Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF) in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India, stands as a pivotal region for kimberlite exploration in the South Indian Kimberlite Province. It features distinct gravity highs and lows, sandwiched between Closepet Granite (CG) and Cuddapah Basin (CB), with notable gold‐mineralized Ramagiri‐Penakacherla Greenstone Belt (RPGB) and Jonnagiri Greenstone Belt (JGB). The structural features of gravity modelling include upwarping beneath the western CG and downwarping beneath Peninsular Gneissic Complex‐II (PGC‐II). Gravity signatures allow for the identification of shallow geological features such as granite structures and fault/shear zones around 3–4 km deep in the WKF region, with kimberlite pipes showing a preferential concentration along these zones. Deep‐seated fault structures reveal the area's geological characteristics, offer insights into lithospheric fluid migration, and are key for evaluating fluid flow pathways associated with deep‐seated minerals and kimberlite exploration. The study reveals regional variations and geological characteristics, providing valuable avenues for future research.
Origin of Indosinian W–Sn Deposits in the Nanling Region, China: Case Study of the Nanzhuhe Sn Polymetallic Deposit in the Dupangling Area
Authors: Hui Zhang , Lingan Bai , Chongjin Pang , Yu Dai , Zuohai Feng , Xijun Liu , Chunlan Meng , Lizhuan Lin
Published: January 2025

Great breakthroughs have been made in the Indosinian W–Sn ore exploration in the Nanling region of China in recent years, but there is still relatively little research on its metallogenic mechanism. Nanzhuhe Sn polymetallic deposit is located on the southeast side of Dupangling complex in the western part of Nanling and is a typical altered fracture zone type of Sn polymetallic deposit. The ore body is controlled by the NE‐trending fault and occurs in the Indosinian granite in the Indosinian contact zone and the secondary tension–torsion fault zone. In this article, zircon and cassiterite were selected for U–Pb dating and trace element analysis, and quartz was studied by microthermometry, Laser Raman compositional analysis and H and O isotopes. The results show that the zircon U–Pb age of the biotite granite is 224.2 ± 6.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), and the cassiterite U–Pb age is 217.9 ± 7.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.6). The cassiterite is enriched in high‐field‐strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti, Sc, V and Hf, which indicates that the deposit was formed by the highly evolved granitic magmatic activity in the late stage of the Indosinian. The fluid inclusions are mainly liquid‐rich two‐phase, and a little gas‐rich two‐phase. The gas component is mainly water vapour. The initial ore‐forming fluid is NaCl–H2O system with medium to high temperatures and medium to low salinity. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that about 40% of the atmospheric precipitation is mixed along the extensive fault. The comprehensive study shows that the mixing of magmatic–hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water occurred in the Indosinian period of the Nanzhuhe Sn polymetallic deposit, which led to the continuous decrease of temperature and salinity of the ore‐forming fluid, the increase of oxygen fugacity, the increase of pH value and the decrease of ligand activity, which destroyed the stability of tin complex and caused a large number of tin and other metal ions to break off from the complex carrier, and finally the precipitation of tin and other metals.
Initiation of Psychotropic Drugs in Spouses of Patients With Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Fukasawa Toshiki , Matsumoto Kota , Sasaki Kotaro , Nakagami Yukako , Goto Yuta , Sakamoto Yusuke , Washimi Yukihiko , Tanaka‐Mizuno Sachiko , Yoshida Satomi , Mizuno Kayoko , Kamada Yuta , Ishii Mika , Kawakami Koji
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The diagnosis of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) can cause emotional stress not only to the patients themselves but also to their spouses. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of psychiatric disorders in spouses of EOAD patients, using psychotropic drug initiation as a surrogate indicator.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted using a Japanese claims database, with spouses of EOAD patients (exposed spouses) matched with spouses of non‐EOAD individuals (reference spouses) up to a 1:10 ratio. Primary outcome was the initiation of mood disorder drugs, and secondary outcomes were the initiation of drugs for anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Four study cohorts were created according to each outcome analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for study outcomes.

Results

The analysis of mood disorder drugs included 395 exposed spouses and 3711 reference spouses. The proportion of patients excluded from the analysis due to prescription of mood disorder drugs during the baseline period was 4.3% higher among exposed spouses than reference spouses. There was no major difference between groups with respect to mood disorder drug initiation after 1 year (aHR, 2.08 [95% CI, 0.61 to 7.13]). In subgroup analysis of females and dependents, exposed spouses showed a higher rate of initiation (females: aHR, 6.39 [95% CI, 1.24 to 32.80]; dependents: aHR, 6.47 [95% CI, 1.25 to 33.55]). No substantial differences in secondary outcomes were observed in any comparison.

Conclusions

This study does not conclusively demonstrate an increase in mood disorder drug initiation among spouses of EOAD patients overall; however, initiation rates may be higher among female or dependent spouses. Our findings also suggest that exposed spouses experience significant psychological stress prior to their partners' EOAD diagnoses.
Use of the Superior Thyroid Artery as a Recipient Artery in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction: Effects on Post‐Operative Hypothyroidism
Authors: Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Nunez Alberto , Patel Harsh , Ho Allen S. , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon
Published: January 2025

Background

The superior thyroid artery (STA) as a recipient vessel in free flap reconstruction may theoretically impact thyroid function. This study aimed to assess whether the use of the STA has an adverse effect on thyroid function.

Methods

Retrospective review of 101 head and neck reconstructive cases. Thyroid function tests were reviewed within 1 year of surgery.

Results

The STA was used in 40 cases. The STA cohort had significantly higher TSH levels than the non‐STA cohort (7.34 v. 2.87 mU/L, p = 0.02). About 27.5% developed subclinical post‐operative hypothyroidism and 17.5% required new levothyroxine supplementation in the STA group.

Conclusion

This represents the first study to our knowledge assessing the impact of the STA as a recipient vessel on postoperative thyroid function. While we found a statistically significant difference in average TSH after using the STA, the average TSH/FT4 values were subclinical. Post‐operative monitoring for hypothyroidism is warranted in this population.
Leader–Subordinate Human Resource Attribution (Dis)agreement and Its Impact on Employee Well‐Being: A Frame‐of‐Reference Perspective
Authors: Lee Byron Y. , Wang Ying , Kim Sunghoon , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2025

Existing human resource (HR) theory highlights that differences in perceptions of HR practices between leaders and subordinates have a critical impact on employee outcomes. We extend such literature by drawing on frame‐of‐reference theory to develop and test a model examining how different patterns of (dis)agreement in leader and subordinate employee HR attributions affect employee well‐being. Specifically, we conceptualize that leaders and subordinates form (dis)similar frames of reference based upon employee well‐being HR attribution, which impacts employee well‐being through organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) in different ways. Using polynomial regression and response surface modeling, our results confirm our hypotheses to show that leader–subordinate agreement on employee well‐being HR attribution positively impacts OBSE, with a stronger effect when such attribution agreement is high rather than low. Furthermore, when subordinates have a higher level of employee well‐being HR attribution compared with the leader, there is a more pronounced positive impact on OBSE, which, in turn, enhances employee well‐being. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study to the HR literature.
Sodiation of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) in Basic Solution Studied by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hiraoka Kenzo , Ninomiya Satoshi , Rankin‐Turner Stephanie , Suzuki Noa , Akashi Satoko
Published: January 2025

In our previous work, the sodiation of melittin, cytochrome c, and ubiquitin in a 1 mM NaOH water/methanol solution was studied by electrospray mass spectrometry. It was suggested that the α‐helix is more resistant to sodiation than the β‐sheet. In this study, sodiation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) composed of a β‐barrel was studied in 1% CH3COOH (AcOH) or 1 mM NaOH water/methanol solution by electrospray mass spectrometry. Although EGFP was denatured in an acidic solution, it maintains a near‐native structure in a basic solution. For the 1% AcOH solution, the protonated EGFP, [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n+, with n = 14 − 36 and m = 0 was detected. For 1 mM NaOH, the number n for [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n+ was found to increase with the sodiation number m and vice versa for [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n−. Namely, Na+ adducts counteract the negative charges of deprotonated acidic residues. The protonated EGFP detected as major ions for basic 1 mM NaOH was ascribed to the more surface‐active H3O+(aq) than OH−(aq).
The Intricate Interplay: Microbial Metabolites and the Gut‐Liver‐Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kollaparampil Kishanchand Dayamrita , K. A. Athira Krishnan , Chandrababu Krishnapriya , Philips Cyriac Abby , Sivan Unnikrishnan , Pulikaparambil Sasidharan Baby Chakrapani
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies highlight the gut‐liver‐brain (GLB) axis and its role in PD pathogenesis. The GLB axis forms a dynamic network facilitating bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and central nervous system. Dysregulation within this axis, encompassing gut dysbiosis and microbial metabolites, is emerging as a critical factor influencing PD progression. Our understanding of PD was traditionally centered on neurodegenerative processes within the brain. However, examining PD through the lens of the GLB axis provides new insights. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of microbial metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), kynurenine, serotonin, bile acids, indoles, and dopamine, which are integral to PD pathogenesis by modulation of the GLB axis. Our extensive research included a comprehensive literature review and database searches utilizing resources such as gutMGene and gutMDisorder. These databases have been instrumental in identifying specific microbes and their metabolites, shedding light on the intricate relationship between the GLB axis and PD. This review consolidates existing knowledge and underscores the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions based on the GLB axis and its components, which offer new avenues for future PD research and treatment strategies. While the GLB axis is not a novel concept, this review is the first to focus specifically on its role in PD, highlighting the importance of integrating the liver and microbial metabolites as central players in the PD puzzle.
Identification and Revitalization Strategies of Rural Regional System Types Based on Human‐Land Coupling: A Case Study in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Huang Yunxin , Li Maoying , Qu Lulu
Published: January 2025

The development state of rural regional system (RRS) offers an insight into relationship between human and earth in rural area. Identifying RRS types and making corresponding revitalization strategies are crucial for promoting rural sustainable development. Based on human‐land system science, type identification index system was constructed to identify types of RRS. Using 3197 township administrative units in China's Loess Plateau, principal component analysis and spatial cluster analysis methods were applied to analyze the dominant elements and identify RRS types. The findings reveal that: (1) Dominant factors influencing the development of the RRS development in the Loess Plateau are geographical basic conditions, ecological environment quality, agricultural development level, rural urbanization level, state of population development, and economic non‐agricultural level in order of leading role. These factors collectively constitute the foundational support and impetus for rural development and the multi‐body structure of RRS through their interactive and intercoupled effects; (2) The dominant factors show obvious spatial differentiation in space in the Loess Plateau, based on which RRS can be categorized into 4 primary zones and 10 secondary zones. The primary zones encompass the western plateau natural environment constrained area, the northern eco‐climate constrained area, the hilly ecological conservation constrained area, and the valley plain integrated development area; and (3) The rural development strategies for the Loess Plateau should follow the RRS spatio‐temporal differentiation law of “Pole–Field–Zone–Network” (PFZN), adhere to fundamental principles such as ecological priority and human–land coordination, and promote the development of rural leading industries, industries integrated development, and urban–rural integrated development according to classification and local conditions. Results can provide theoretical and practical reference for the formulation and implementation of regional rural revitalization strategy planning.
Study on the Hot Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogen‐Containing Nickel‐Based Cladding Layer in Na2SO4 + NaCl Mixed Salt at 700°C
Authors: Yang Zhixin , Su Yunhai , Feng Shuo , Yang Taisen , Dai Zhiyong , Li Haoxing , Yang Yang
Published: January 2025

Based on the core idea of replacing Ni with N, this article designs a nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy powder for plasma cladding. The corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 and the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer in a mixture of 75% Na₂SO₄ + 25% NaCl at 700°C was studied, and its mechanism was analyzed. The results of corrosion weight loss show that the corrosion weight loss per unit area of Inconel 625 is 2.95 times that of the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy. The results of XRD, SEM of surface corrosion and elemental distribution indicate that the phase compositions of Inconel 625 and the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy after corrosion are basically the same, all containing Cr₂O₃, NiO, Fe₂O₃, NiCr₂O₄, and Ni₃S₂. NiFe₂O₄ was also detected in the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer. Through the cross‐sectional morphology and elemental distribution after the corrosion of the cladding layer, it can be seen that a chromium‐depleted layer appears in Inconel 625 after corrosion, while it was not observed in the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer. In summary, the corrosion resistance of the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer to the Na₂SO₄ + NaCl molten salt is better than that of Inconel 625. It can be proved through the corrosion mechanism and XPS that Cr₂O₃ plays a crucial role in it.
PDPN+ cancer‐associated fibroblasts enhance gastric cancer angiogenesis via AKT/NF‐κB activation and the CCL2‐ACKR1 axis
Authors: Zhao Zhenxiong , Sun Hui , Liu Yingxue , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Xin , Wang Xu , Tan Cong , Ni Shujuan , Weng Weiwei , Zhang Meng , Wang Lei , Huang Dan , Gu Wenchao , Chang Jinjia , Sheng Weiqi , Xu Mi‐die
Published: January 2025

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are intrinsic components of the tumor microenvironment that promote cancer progression and metastasis. Through an unbiased integrated analysis of gastric tumor grade and stage, we identified a subset of proangiogenic CAFs characterized by high podoplanin (PDPN) expression, which are significantly enriched in metastatic lesions and secrete chemokine (CC‐motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). Mechanistically, PDPN(+) CAFs enhance angiogenesis by activating the AKT/NF‐κB signaling pathway. The canonical NF‐κB signaling protein P65 binds to the promoter region of CCL2, inducing its expression. Additionally, we found that CCL2 interacts with its nonclassical receptor ACKR1 (expressed on endothelial cells) to exert its proangiogenic effects. Furthermore, the disruption of CCL2‐ACKR1 communication via a CCL2 neutralizing antibody or the inhibition of AKT signaling transduction using AKT inhibitors effectively suppressed tumor growth. Together, this study elucidates the mechanism by which PDPN(+) CAFs promote angiogenesis, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular processes underlying CAF‐mediated angiogenesis and suggesting potential therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment.
Fox Insight: Most Bothersome Symptoms in Early‐Stage Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lerner Aaron , Mammen Jennifer R. , Tyo Mirinda , Auinger Peggy , Al‐Rubayie Raunak , Xiao Yuge , Marras Connie , Adams Jamie L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Limited evidence exists regarding the meaningfulness of symptoms experienced in early Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives

To identify the most bothersome symptoms experienced by people with early PD, leveraging data from the Parkinson's Disease Patient Report of Problems (PD‐PROP) questionnaire within the Fox Insight Study.

Methods

Individuals with a self‐reported diagnosis of PD completed the PD‐PROP questionnaire, reporting up to five most bothersome symptoms. Symptom types and frequencies were derived through a combination of human expertise and machine learning.

Results

Participants (N = 8536) were 0.9 years since diagnosis, predominantly white (96%), male (53.3%), and with an average age of 64.6 years. Top most bothersome motor symptoms were tremor (55.9%) and gait issues (36.7%). Top most bothersome non‐motor symptoms were pain/discomfort (33.1%) and physical fatigue (27.5%).

Conclusions

This study underscores the complexity of early PD symptomatology. Future consideration of diverse patient experiences is needed to improve therapeutic and outcome measurement strategies.
Use of Robust Norming to Create a Sensitive Cognitive Summary Score in De Novo Parkinson's Disease: An Illustrative Example
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Brumm Michael C. , Kurth Ryan , York Michele K. ,   the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative
Published: January 2025

Background

Cognitive impairment is common at all stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is no consensus on which neuropsychological tests to use or how to interpret cognitive battery results. A cognitive summary score (CSS) combines the richness of a neuropsychological battery with the simplicity of a single score.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether a CSS created using robust norming can detect early cognitive deficits in de novo, untreated PD.

Methods

Baseline cognitive data from PD participants and healthy control participants (HCs) in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative were used to (1) create a robust HC subgroup without cognitive decline, (2) generate regression‐based z scores for six cognitive measures using this subgroup, and (3) create a CSS by averaging all z scores.

Results

PD participants scored worse than HCs on all cognitive tests, with larger effects when compared with the robust HC subgroup rather than all HCs. Applying internally derived norms, the largest effects were for processing speed/working memory (Cohen's d = −0.55) and verbal episodic memory (Cohen's d = −0.48 and −0.52). Robust norming shifted PD performance from average (CSS z score = −0.01) to low average (CSS z score = −0.40), with a larger effect for the CSS (PD vs. robust HC subgroup; Cohen's d = −0.60) compared with individual tests.

Conclusions

Patients with PD perform worse cognitively than HCs, particularly in processing speed and verbal memory. Robust norming increases effect sizes and decreases PD scores to expected levels. The CSS outperformed individual tests and may detect cognitive changes in early PD, making it a useful outcome measure in clinical research. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Global Stability and Synchronization of Complex‐Valued Differential‐Algebraic Neural Networks With Delay: A Differential‐Algebraic Inequality Approach
Authors: Gong Weiqiang , Xiao Yao , Wang Kai , Li Qiang
Published: January 2025

This article proposes a novel complex‐valued differential‐algebraic neural network model with time delay (DDANN). Firstly, based on the differential‐algebraic inequality technique, the global stability criteria of the considered system are obtained to ensure the complex‐valued DDANN achieves global exponential stability. Next, by designing an appropriate feedback controller, to get the desired results, we present some constraint conditions, which make the drive system and the response system achieve the global exponential synchronization. Furthermore, as an application, a complex‐valued neutral‐type neural network (NDNN) can be transformed into a simple complex‐valued DDANN and the global exponential stability results of NDNN are also proposed. In the end of paper, two examples are given to verify the superiority/feasibility of the presented theoretical results.
Enhanced Accuracy and Computational Efficiency: A Modified Formulation of a Displacement‐Driven Approach for Large Deformation Frictional Contact
Authors: Rahmi Diah Puspita , Fleischhauer Robert , Kaliske Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a modified displacement‐driven approach for contact mechanics between rigid and deformable bodies within the finite element framework. This modification enhances efficiency, addressing the limitations of the original formulation, which resulted in an overdetermined system of equations. The proposed enhancement aims to resolve this issue by forming a determined system of equations while providing accurate results. Additionally, using an advanced solver significantly reduces computation time, making it well‐suited for handling large‐scale problems. The performance of the enhanced formulation is demonstrated by several numerical examples and compared to the results from the initial model. The results show that the enhanced formulation satisfies numerical stability and exhibits quadratic convergence behavior. These results are validated using both an analytical solution and a penalty method. Furthermore, a spatial convergence study confirms the accuracy and reliability of the algorithms.
Improvement of thermal, electrical, and tribological performances of GnPs composites produced by selective laser sintering
Authors: Mingione E. , Salvi D. , Almonti D. , Ponticelli G. S.
Published: January 2025

In the present work, Graphite nanoPlatelets/Polyamide‐12 (GnPs/PA‐12) particle composites were produced through additive manufacturing (AM). The selective laser sintering (SLS) technology was used to manufacture 3D‐printed composite components by means of a powder mix of GnPs and PA‐12. The analyzed combination of technology and materials allows to obtain parts with improved thermal, electrical, and tribological properties, while maintaining a low production cost. In total were realized 5 different scenarios, each one with a different wt% of the GnPs reinforcement (2‐4‐6‐8‐10 wt%), and compared the results to the PA‐12 matrix. Experimental tests were performed to study the morphology (profilometry, SEM, wettability), the electrical conductivity under different normal loads (0.1–1 kN), the thermal performance, and the tribological properties of each sample. The results show that the increase of GnPs particles dispersed in the matrix leads to a hydrophobic behavior of the surface. An improvement in electrical conductivity (from 10−11 S/cm of the pure PA‐12 matrix to 10−4 S/cm of the 10 wt% GnPs) and thermal performance (33,6% improvement for the best‐case scenario compared to the bare matrix) was observed. Tribological tests underlined a reduction of 25% in friction coefficient and an improvement of 80% in wear resistance compared to the PA‐12 matrix.

Highlights

3D printed GnPs/PA‐12 composites does not exhibit any significant geometrical alteration.

GnPs enable hydrophobic surfaces with increased contact angles.

Electrical conductivity improved from 10−11 S/cm of the unfilled PA‐12 matrix up to 10−4 S/cm, for the 10 wt% GnPs sample.

Thermal performance improves up to 33.6% with GnPs reinforcement.

10 wt% GnPs reduces friction by 25% and wear by 81%.
Pressure‐ and Temperature‐Coupling‐Induced Structural Transition and Thermal Properties of Al3TM (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf)
Authors: Ma Li , Huang Jin‐Li , Xie Qing‐Lian , Zhang Yan‐Qing , Tang Ping‐Ying
Published: January 2025

Pressure–temperature‐coupling‐induced structural transition and thermal properties of Al3TM (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf) have been studied using the first‐principles calculations combined with the quasi‐harmonic approximation. The enthalpy indicates that Al3TM transitions to L12 structure at a specific pressure threshold ( for Al3Ti, for Al3Zr, and for Al3Hf). The fundamental thermodynamic parameters, including thermal equilibrium volume , thermal expansion coefficient α, and heat capacity , do not abruptly change due to the structural transition. Whereas many elastic properties, including elastic constants, shear modulus, and Young's modulus, exhibit abrupt variations. Such as, at structural transition critical boundaries, , , and for Al3Ti. shows that Al3TM is difficult to oppose hydrostatic pressure, and α indicates that Al3TM maintains strong stability under high pressure and its volume expansion is expected to be linear at high temperature. Furthermore, shows that the absorbing capacity or heat‐sinking capacity of Al3TM is strong at the low pressure and high temperature. The elastic properties exhibit an increasing trend with increasing pressure, whereas they exhibit a more or less decreasing trend with increasing temperature. Both numerical indicators and 3D images of the elastic anisotropy are derived, revealing that Al3TM possesses a high degree of anisotropy.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Ginsenoside Compound K Mediated by N‐Acetylserotonin Derived From Gut Microbiota
Authors: Huang Su‐Tian‐Zi , Hu Yu‐Hui , Gao Yong‐Chao , Zhou Ding‐Ding , Chen Man‐Yun , Wang Lin , Song Jing‐Yuan , Zhou Hong‐Hao , Zhang Wei , Huang Wei‐Hua
Published: January 2025

Ginsenoside compound K (GCK) has been proved to have great hypoglycemic effect pertinent to gut microbiota. However, the improvement of high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as the mechanism of GCK mediated by gut microbiota is not well‐known. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of GCK on a HFD‐induced diabetic mouse model. HFD‐induced pseudo‐germ free (GF) T2D mice model and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were performed to clarify the role of gut microbiota in the hypoglycemic effect of GCK. Differential metabolites were screened by untargeted metabolomics analysis and their functions were verified by suppling to T2D mice. The level of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) in plasma was detected by ELISA analysis to explore the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of GCK. The results showed GCK alleviated metabolic disorders and altered gut microbiota in HFD‐induced diabetic mice, which was transmitted to pseudo‐GF diabetic mice via FMT experiment to reproduce the hypoglycemic effect. Non‐targeted metabolites analysis on cecal content samples indicated that N‐acetylserotonin (NAS) was markedly increased after GCK treatment. Moreover, gavage with NAS improved insulin sensitivity and increased the secretion of GLP‐1 in HFD mice. Our study showed that GCK had hypoglycemic effect through modifying gut microbiota profiling.
LCMS Detection and Characterization of In Vitro Metabolites of Isotonitazene, a Targeted Strategy for Novel Psychoactive Substance Control in Camel Racing
Authors: Nalakath Jahfar , Thacholil Rasik P. , Kadry Ahmed , P Shamil , Praseen O. K.
Published: January 2025

Rationale

The use of benzimidazole‐class novel psychoactive substances has significantly increased worldwide raising concerns about potential misuse and doping in animal sports such as camel racing. Understanding the metabolism of these substances is critical for developing reliable detection methods to ensure fair competition and animal welfare.

Methods

In vitro studies were conducted using homogenized camel liver samples to replicate metabolic processes. Metabolites were extracted and analyzed with a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap Exploris LCMS system. The acquired data were processed using the Compound Discoverer software for accurate detection and characterization of the metabolites.

Results

Through in vitro investigation, we have successfully identified nine metabolites in camels, which provide valuable insights into their metabolic pathways. The primary pathways for the formation of phase I metabolites were dealkylation and hydroxylation; the characterized metabolites can be used for long‐term detection of the presence of isotonitazene.

Conclusion

The study employed advanced high‐resolution accurate mass LC–MS techniques to detect and identify the in vitro metabolites of isotonitazene in camels. Isotonitazene is a highly active psychoactive substance with significant potential for abuse, particularly in racing contexts. These findings are crucial for developing effective doping control strategies, which will improve regulation and monitoring in camel racing events and promote animal welfare.
Range‐Varying Sliding Mode‐Based Integrated Guidance and Control for Hypersonic Vehicle With Multi‐Constraints
Authors: Xu Weiping , Liao Yuxin , Wang Xin , Wei Caisheng , Yin Zeyang , Chen Qifeng
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) scheme for a bank‐to‐turn (BTT) hypersonic vehicle (HV) in the dive phase with multi‐constraints, input saturation, and complex uncertainties. In the guidance loop, the presence of the terminal impact angle constraints may cause severe saturation of the attack angle, which may lead to the failure of the mission. Motivated by this issue, a range‐varying sliding mode surface is constructed, of which the core is a novel line‐of‐sight (LOS) angle error shaping strategy that drives the LOS angle errors to converge along the prescribed performance functions. On this basis, a range‐based prescribed performance function is designed to portray a practical saturation‐alleviation convergence characteristic of the LOS angle errors. In the control loop, the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and barrier function (BF)‐based adaptive law are incorporated to restrict the states within proper regions in the presence of uncertainties. Additionally, an auxiliary system is constructed to deal with the adverse affect caused by input saturation. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed IGC scheme are verified through numerical simulations.
Beyond Physical and Mental Health: The Broader Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence on Psychosocial Well‐Being Among Women and Men Veterans
Authors: Taverna Emily , Iverson Katherine M. , Kumar Shaina A. , Vogt Dawne , Mitchell Karen S.
Published: January 2025

Research on the consequences of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) has predominantly focused on specific physical and mental health outcomes and have emphasized the impacts for women. Fewer studies have comprehensively documented IPV impacts on other aspects of psychosocial well‐being and examined effects for both women and men. A sample of 1133 veterans (52.3% women) completed two web‐based surveys approximately one year apart. Women did not differ from men with respect to their odds of experiencing past year overall IPV (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [0.81, 1.38]) but were more likely to experience overall IPV prior to the past year (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.19, 1.95]). Gender‐stratified multivariate regressions revealed that greater frequency of past year IPV experiences was associated with lower psychosocial well‐being with respect to finances (β = −0.22, p < 0.001), health (β = −0.19, p < 0.001), intimate relationships (β = −0.14, p = 0.007), and broader social relationships (β = −0.17, p = 0.018), whereas greater frequency of IPV prior to the past year was associated with lower psychosocial well‐being with respect to employment (β = −0.17, p = 0.002), finances (β = −0.14, p = 0.020), and health (β = −0.16, p = 0.012) among women. For men, nonsignificant associations were observed for all associations of IPV with psychosocial well‐being outcomes. Results point to the importance of attending to broader aspects of psychosocial well‐being that may represent modifiable intervention targets among women who have experienced IPV. Further research is needed to better understand the psychosocial well‐being impacts of IPV for men.
MOF‐Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Orthogonal Channels for Advanced Na–Se Batteries
Authors: Li Teng , Zheng Jiameng , Wu Jinwei , Li Zhenrui , Xu Anding , Wu Songping , Yan Yurong
Published: January 2025

Na–Se batteries with high theoretical capacity and rich natural abundance are regarded as desirable substitutes for lithium‐ion batteries in the predicament of scarce lithium resources. However, the huge volume expansion of Se and the shuttling effect of polyselenides hinder the development of Na–Se batteries. Herein, the hierarchically porous carbon encapsulated Se (Se/HPC) is successfully prepared by molten Se diffusing into the multi‐scaled orthogonal channels of In‐MOF derived carbon matrix. The Se/HPC realizes effective nano‐confinement of Se phase and accelerates charge transfer during cycling to efficiently buffer the volume expansion of Se, which avoids the shuttling effect and promote electrochemical performance. The Se/HPC achieves admirable electrochemical performance for delivering high capacity of 465 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 50 A g−1 and 533 mAh g−1 after 2800 cycles at 10 A g−1 with 0.003% capacity decay per cycle. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Se─C bond is thermodynamically and kinetically beneficial for the adsorption/diffusion of Na+. This work can inspire the further exploration of utilizing the intrinsic crystal structure of MOF to construct a hierarchically porous carbon matrix in situ as carrier for the active Se component, and provide inspiration for future construction of higher‐performance electrode materials.
Amorphous/Crystalline ZrO2 with Oxygen Vacancies Anchored Nano‐Ru Enhance Reverse Hydrogen Spillover in Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Niu Jidong , Duan Huimei , Sun Tanxu , Zhi Zhenhai , Li Daohao , Fan Xiaokun , Zhang Lijie , Yang Dongjiang
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen spillover‐based binary (HSBB) system has attracted significant attention in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Accelerating hydrogen spillover in the HSBB system is crucial for the HER activity. Herein, a highly efficient HSBB system is developed by anchoring nano‐Ru on oxygen vacancy (Vo) rich amorphous/crystal ZrO2. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the water molecules dissociate on the Vo of ZrO2 into protons, which then couple with electrons to form H*, and the produced H* are spilled over to the nano‐Ru to evolve H2. The amorphous regions enhance the adsorption and desorption rates of hydrogen while exposing a greater number of active sites; meanwhile, the Vo significantly reduce the work function of ZrO2, facilitates electron transfer from ZrO2 to Ru, and thereby accelerates hydrogen spillover. As a result, the Ru/ac‐ZrO2 delivers a low overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a high mass activity of 46.47 A mgmetal−2 at 300 mV for alkaline HER, bypass those of commercial Pt/C (19 mV and 0.09 A mgmetal−2, respectively).
Spatial Transcriptomics: Biotechnologies, Computational Tools, and Neuroscience Applications
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Zhu Hongyuan , Deng Lin , Xu Shuangbin , Xie Wenqin , Li Ming , Wang Rui , Tie Liang , Zhan Li , Yu Guangchuang
Published: January 2025

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) represents a revolutionary approach in molecular biology, providing unprecedented insights into the spatial organization of gene expression within tissues. This review aims to elucidate advancements in ST technologies, their computational tools, and their pivotal applications in neuroscience. It is begun with a historical overview, tracing the evolution from early image‐based techniques to contemporary sequence‐based methods. Subsequently, the computational methods essential for ST data analysis, including preprocessing, cell type annotation, spatial clustering, detection of spatially variable genes, cell–cell interaction analysis, and 3D multi‐slices integration are discussed. The central focus of this review is the application of ST in neuroscience, where it has significantly contributed to understanding the brain's complexity. Through ST, researchers advance brain atlas projects, gain insights into brain development, and explore neuroimmune dysfunctions, particularly in brain tumors. Additionally, ST enhances understanding of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In conclusion, while ST has already profoundly impacted neuroscience, challenges remain issues such as enhancing sequencing technologies and developing robust computational tools. This review underscores the transformative potential of ST in neuroscience, paving the way for new therapeutic insights and advancements in brain research.
Recent Advances in Biosensors Based on Hybridization Chain Reaction and Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Wong Zheng Wei , New Siu Yee
Published: January 2025

Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DNA‐templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have emerged as powerful tools in biosensing. HCR enables cascade amplification through programmable DNA interactions, while DNA‐AgNCs serve as transducing units with unique fluorogenic and electrochemical properties. Integrating these components into a hybrid sensor could significantly enhance sensing capabilities across various fields. Nonetheless, limited studies and the lack of systematic guidelines for HCR‐AgNCs systems have hindered research progress, despite their potential. This review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of HCR‐AgNCs biosensors, facilitating further innovation in this field. The working principles, performance factors, and complementary features are discussed. Thereafter, reported HCR‐AgNCs studies are assessed, emphasizing their distinct sensing mechanisms (e.g., fluorogenic, electrochemical), applications across various fields, and challenges in adopting the hybrid sensors. Drawing from the experience developing multiple HCR‐AgNCs sensors, insights and guidelines for designing and developing HCR‐AgNCs systems are provided for future researchers. Finally, prospective directions in HCR‐AgNCs research, including multiplex assays and integration with emerging technologies, are explored to guide future advancements. The synergistic combination of HCR and AgNCs as a hybrid biosensor holds promise for addressing pressing challenges in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and beyond, paving the way for next‐generation biosensing technologies.
Systems Engineering Methodology for Digital Supply Chain Business Models
Authors: Nuerk Jochen , Dařena František
Published: January 2025

Globalization and growing business dynamics lead to weakly harmonized supply chain (SC) systems. While smart technology offers innovation opportunities, supply chains often lack the integration needed to fully leverage resources and collaboration. A comprehensive systems engineering (SE)‐driven model for integrated innovation and optimization of smart SC business models is still missing. This study, through case research at SAP SE's Industry 4.0 division and three automotive companies, identifies key digital transformation objectives and interoperability gaps hindering smart opportunities. Systems engineering, supply chain management (SCM), and artificial intelligence (AI) methods were synthesized into a holistic SE‐driven model for transforming and optimizing SC business models. This model integrates management concepts like the theory of ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities, with SE methods capability engineering and complex adaptive systems, and semantic web concepts. Key SE contributions include meta‐modeling multi‐tier SC architectures, ensuring performance and resilience via simulations, and balancing value exploration and exploitation. Moreover, semantic harmonized and profit‐optimized SC ecosystems enable collaborative innovation for flexible, efficient manufacturing—a core Industry 4.0 principle. This SE‐driven model, validated by experts, provides a concise view of digital SC business models and a driver of generative design.