bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Epigenetic Modulation of Wnt–Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Signaling to Target Human Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Benoit Yannick D. , Guezguez Borhane , Boyd Allison L. , Bhatia Mickie
Published: July 2014

Aberrant regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (Wnt–β-catenin–GSK3 axis) has been a prevalent theme in cancer biology since earlier observations until recent genetic discoveries gleaned from tumor genome sequencing. During the last few decades, a large body of work demonstrated the involvement of the Wnt–β-catenin–GSK3 signaling axis in the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC) responsible for tumor growth in several types of human malignancies. Recent studies have elucidated epigenetic mechanisms that control pluripotency and stemness, and allow a first assessment on how embryonic and normal tissue stem cells are dysregulated in cancer to give rise to CSCs, and how canonical Wnt signaling might be involved. Here, we review emerging concepts highlighting the critical role of epigenetics in CSC development through abnormal canonical Wnt signaling. Finally, we refer to the characterization of novel and powerful inhibitors of chromatin organization machinery that, in turn, restore the Wnt–β-catenin–GSK3 signaling axis in malignant cells, and describe attempts/relevance to bring these compounds into preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5372–8. ©2014 AACR.
Association of Neighborhood Characteristics With Cardiovascular Health in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Unger Erin , Diez-Roux Ana V. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Nettleton Jennifer A. , Bertoni Alain , Badon Sylvia E. , Ning Hongyan , Allen Norrina B.
Published: July 2014

Background—

The concept of cardiovascular health (CVH) was introduced as a global measure of one's burden of cardiovsacular risk factors. Previous studies established the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and individual cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relationship between neighborhood environment and overall CVH remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline examination (2000–2002). Mean age was 61.6 years, and 52% were women. Ideal, intermediate, and poor categories of cholesterol, body mass index, diet, physical activity, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and smoking were defined according to the American Heart Association 2020 Strategic Goals, assigned an individual score, and summed to create an overall score. CVH scores were categorized into ideal (11–14 points), intermediate (9–10), and poor (0–8). Neighborhood exposures included favorable food store and physical activity resources densities (by 1-mile buffer), reported healthy food availability, walking/physical activity environment, safety, and social cohesion (by census tract). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association of each characteristic with ideal and intermediate CVH, adjusted for demographics and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Over 20% of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants had an ideal CVH score at baseline. In fully adjusted models, favorable food stores (odds ratio=1.22; 1.06–1.40), physical activity resources (odds ratio=1.19; 1.08–1.31), walking/physical activity environment (odds ratio=1.20; 1.05–1.37), and neighborhood socioeconomic status (odds ratio=1.22; 1.11–1.33) were associated with higher odds of having an ideal CVH score.

Conclusions—

Neighborhood environment including favorable food stores, physical activity resources, walking/physical activity environment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status are associated with ideal CVH. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal associations between neighborhood environment and CVH.
Reversible De Novo Left Ventricular Trabeculations in Pregnant Women
Authors: Gati Sabiha , Papadakis Michael , Papamichael Nikolaos D. , Zaidi Abbas , Sheikh Nabeel , Reed Matthew , Sharma Rajan , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Sharma Sanjay
Published: July 2014

Background—

Patients with heart failure and chronic anemia frequently demonstrate left ventricular (LV) trabeculations, which may be compatible with the diagnosis of LV noncompaction. We used the pregnancy model, which is characterized by a reversible increase in cardiac preload and other changes in cardiac function, to assess the development of de novo LV trabeculations in women with morphologically normal hearts.

Methods and Results—

One hundred two primigravida pregnant women were evaluated longitudinally with a series of echocardiograms in the first trimester, in the third trimester, and postpartum. Echocardiograms were analyzed according to established guidelines. Increased LV trabeculations and the presence of LV noncompaction were based on established criteria. Pregnancy was associated with an increased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, as well as increased LV volume and mass. During pregnancy, 26 women (25.4%) developed increased trabeculations. Eight women showed sufficient trabeculations to fulfill criteria for LV noncompaction. During the postpartum follow-up period of 24±3 months, 19 women (73%) demonstrated complete resolution of trabeculations, and 5 showed a marked reduction in the trabeculated layer.

Conclusions—

Pregnancy induces de novo LV trabeculations in a significant proportion of women. The results suggest that LV trabeculations occur in response to increased LV loading conditions or other physiological responses to pregnancy and are not specific for LV noncompaction. These factors should be considered in the assessment of individuals with LV trabeculations outside the context of symptoms of heart failure or familial cardiomyopathy.
Pittsburgh Outcomes After Stroke Thrombectomy Score Predicts Outcomes After Endovascular Therapy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Rangaraju Srikant , Liggins John T.P. , Aghaebrahim Amin , Streib Christopher , Sun Chung-Huan , Gupta Rishi , Nogueira Raul , Frankel Michael , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten , Albers Gregory , Jadhav Ashutosh , Jovin Tudor G.
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

Prognostication tools that predict good outcome in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions after endovascular therapy are lacking. We aim to develop a tool that incorporates clinical and imaging data to predict outcomes after endovascular therapy.

Methods—

In a derivation cohort of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy within 8 hours from time last seen well (n=247), we performed logistic regression to identify independent predictors of good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). Factors were weighted based on β-coefficients to derive the Pittsburgh Outcomes After Stroke Thrombectomy (POST) score. POST was validated in an institutional endovascular database (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, n=393) and the Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution Study-2 (DEFUSE-2) data set (n=105), as well as in patients treated beyond 8 hours (n=194) and in octogenarians (n=111).

Results—

In the derivation cohort, independent predictors (
P
<0.1) of good outcome included 24- to 72-hour final infarct volume (in cm
3
,
P
<0.001), age (years,
P
<0.001), and parenchymal hematoma types 1 and 2 (H,
P
=0.01). POST was calculated as age+0.5×final infarct volume+15×H. Patients with POST score <60 had a 91% chance of good outcome compared with 4% with POST score ≥120. POST accurately predicted good outcomes in the derivation (area under the curve [AUC]=0.85) and validation cohorts (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, AUC=0.81; DEFUSE-2, AUC=0.86), as well as in patients treated beyond 8 hours (AUC, 0.85) and octogenarians (AUC=0.76). POST had better predictive accuracy for good and poor outcome than the ischemic stroke predictive risk score (iSCORE).

Conclusions—

POST score is a validated predictor of outcome in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions after endovascular therapy.
Impact of State Medicaid Coverage on Utilization of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities Among Patients With Stroke
Authors: Skolarus Lesli E. , Burke James F. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Meurer William J. , Adelman Eric E. , Kerber Kevin A. , Callaghan Brian C. , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

Poststroke rehabilitation is associated with improved outcomes. Medicaid coverage of inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) admissions varies by state. We explored the role of state Medicaid IRF coverage on IRF utilization among patients with stroke.

Methods—

Working age ischemic stroke patients with Medicaid were identified from the 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Medicaid coverage of IRFs (yes versus no) was ascertained. Primary outcome was discharge to IRF (versus other discharge destinations). We fit a logistic regression model that included patient demographics, Medicaid coverage, comorbidities, length of stay, tissue-type plasminogen activator use, state Medicaid IRF coverage, and the interaction between patient Medicaid status and state Medicaid IRF coverage while accounting for hospital clustering.

Results—

Medicaid did not cover IRFs in 4 (TN, TX, SC, WV) of 42 states. The impact of State Medicaid IRF coverage was limited to Medicaid stroke patients (
P
for interaction <0.01). Compared with Medicaid stroke patients in states with Medicaid IRF coverage, Medicaid stroke patients hospitalized in states without Medicaid IRF coverage were less likely to be discharged to an IRF of 11.6% (95% confidence interval, 8.5%–14.7%) versus 19.5% (95% confidence interval, 18.3%–20.8%),
P
<0.01 after full adjustment.

Conclusions—

State Medicaid coverage of IRFs is associated with IRF utilization among stroke patients with Medicaid. Given the increasing stroke incidence among the working age and Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act, careful attention to state Medicaid policy for poststroke rehabilitation and analysis of its effects on stroke outcome disparities are warranted.
Desmopressin Improves Platelet Activity in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Naidech Andrew M. , Maas Matthew B. , Levasseur-Franklin Kimberly E. , Liotta Eric M. , Guth James C. , Berman Micheal , Rosenow Joshua M. , Lindholm Paul F. , Bendok Bernard R. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Bernstein Richard A. , Kwaan Hau C.
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

Minimizing hematoma growth in high-risk patients is an attractive strategy to improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. We tested the hypothesis that desmopressin (DDAVP), which improves hemostasis through the release of von Willebrand factor, improves platelet activity after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—

Patients with reduced platelet activity on point-of-care testing alone (5), known aspirin use alone (1), or both (8) received desmopressin 0.4 μg/kg IV. We measured Platelet Function Analyzer-epinephrine (Siemens AG, Germany) and von Willebrand factor antigen from baseline to 1 hour after infusion start and hematoma volume from the diagnostic to a follow-up computed tomographic scan.

Results—

We enrolled 14 patients with of mean age 66.8±14.6 years, 11 (85%) of whom were white and 8 (57%) were men. Mean Platelet Function Analyzer-epinephrine results shortened from 192±18 seconds pretreatment to 124±15 seconds (
P
=0.01) 1 hour later, indicating improved plate activity. von Willebrand factor antigen increased from 242±96% to 289±103% activity (
P
=0.004), indicating the expected increase in von Willebrand factor. Of 7 (50%) patients who received desmopressin within 12 hours of intracerebral hemorrhage symptom onset, changes in hematoma volume were modest, −0.5 (−1.4 to 8.4) mL and only 2 had hematoma growth. One patient had low blood pressure and another had a new fever within 6 hours of desmopressin administration.

Conclusions—

Intravenous desmopressin was well tolerated and improved platelet activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Larger studies are needed to determine its potential effects on reducing hematoma growth versus platelet transfusion or placebo.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00961532.
Billboard Advertising and Sexualisation in Metro Manila
Authors: Cornelio Jayeel Serrano
Published: July 2014

Several billboard ads in Metro Manila have stirred controversy in the past decade for using images suggesting sexual acts or revealing private body parts. Politicians and church leaders have criticised them as being ‘indecent’ or ‘pornographic’. But in spite of this advertising strategy being abandoned, a fresh wave of billboards in Metro Manila has continued to use sexualised images, arguably in innovative ways. A content analysis of some of these billboards suggests that two representational techniques are emergent: purposive and referential. Public criticisms have then been strategically circumvented.

The discourses that have surrounded billboard sexualisation in Metro Manila unravel the moral conservatism of religious institutions and the state. The purposive and referential techniques on billboards are an attempt to navigate such conservatism. Two possibilities are discernible. As the attention is on viewers’ imagination, the referential technique affords space for the cultural critique of these norms. In contrast, the purposive technique is limited as it focuses on the product’s benefit to the customer. This has led to the reinforcement of sexual stereotypes concerning masculinity and femininity, for example. The article ends by reflecting on the state of sexualisation in Metro Manila.
Floating Prayer
Authors: Montrose Victoria Rose
Published: July 2014

With over forty thousand attendees every year, the Shinnyo-en Hawaii Lantern Floating—an adapted version of the traditional Japanese Buddhist obon ritual, tōrō nagashi—is among the largest annually held Buddhist rituals undertaken outside of Asia. One way to approach understanding of this rite is as an example of a ‘glocal’ Buddhist ritual. Drawing from Roland Robertson’s framework of glocalization, this study examines the steps Shinnyo-en took to adapt its global message to a new local culture. While other examples of the tōrō nagashi are found in Hawaii, none have developed on the rite to the extent that Shinnyo-en has. Some innovations include: moving the date of the rite to Memorial Day, the inclusion of local cultural elements and other religious groups, and allowing the public to personalize the individual lanterns. Through examples of the ritual’s various Hawaiian and global elements, I explain why the Shinnyo-en version of the lantern floating rite, over other versions of the same rite, came to reach its status as the Hawaiian Lantern Floating Ceremony. Finally this study argues for the important, often overlooked role of both ritual and new religious movements in globalization.
Sōka Gakkai in Cuba
Authors: Rodriguez Plasencia Girardo
Published: July 2014

Sōka Gakkai began to develop in Cuba as a religious organization after the visit of Ikeda Daisaku in 1996. Starting with a small group in the capital city, it received juridical recognition by the State in 2007 and has spread to most of the provinces in the country. Despite its modest growth, the Cuban case provides insights into the ways in which this religion develops in new sociocultural environments and thereby participates in the dynamics of globalization beyond Japanese enclaves. Based on the analysis of data collected in Havana, the article identifies, describes and explains four modes by which Sōka Gakkai negotiates its message and identity in Cuba: the hybridization of Sōka Gakkai themes with the life and thought of National Hero José Martí; the universalization of Sōka Gakkai’s particularistic Japanese elements to create a new identity connected to the movement’s global following; the hybridization of Sōka Gakkai with ‘Oriental’ spiritualities; and the combination of pluralism, inclusivism and exclusivism as a threefold attitude toward other religions. These modes involve multiple interactions in the global field, through which Sōka Gakkai strives to build a symbolic bridge to local particularism, the ‘mystic East,’ and the world.
Anthracoidea transberingiana, a new smut species on Carex pauciflora from Beringia
Authors: Piątek Marcin
Published: July 2014

The new smut fungus, Anthracoidea transberingiana attacking ovaries of Carex pauciflora, is described and illustrated from Beringia (Alaska and Kamchatka). The new species is compared with Anthracoidea caricis-pauciflorae infecting the same host plant species predominantly in northern Europe, from which it differs in having smaller spores, thinner spore walls, 2–3 weakly visible internal swellings and somewhat less prominent spore ornamentation.
New records of Porcellanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2006 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: HU YANQING , WANG MIN , HAN HUILIN
Published: July 2014

Materials Examined. Holotype. Male, Gaofeng, Lufeng, Yunnan, 2,230 m, 4.VIII.2013, Min Wang, Hailing Zhuang & Yu Wang (SCAU). Paratypes. 3 males & 1 female, Gaofeng, Lufeng, Yunnan, 2,230 m, 5.VIII.2013, Min Wang, Hailing Zhuang & Yu Wang (SCAU); 1 male, Midu, Yunnan, 2,340 m, 27.VII.2013, Min Wang, Hailing Zhuang & Zhenfu Huang (SCAU); 1 male, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 15–17.IX.2008, Huilin Han & Mujie Qi (NEFU). The type specimens are deposited in the collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU) and Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China (NEFU).
Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris
Authors: BADIANE ARNAUD , GARCIA-PORTA JOAN , ČERVENKA JAN , KRATOCHVÍL LUKÁŠ , SINDACO ROBERTO , ROBINSON MICHAEL D. , MORALES HERNAN , MAZUCH TOMÁŠ , PRICE THOMAS , AMAT FÈLIX , SHOBRAK MOHAMMED Y. , WILMS THOMAS , SIMÓ-RIUDALBAS MARC , AHMADZADEH FARAHAM , PAPENFUSS THEODORE J. , CLUCHIER ALEXANDRE , VIGLIONE JULIEN , CARRANZA SALVADOR
Published: July 2014

A molecular phylogeny of the sphaerodactylid geckos of the genus Pristurus is inferred based on an alignment of 1845 base pairs (bp) of concatenated mitochondrial (12S) and nuclear (acm4, cmos, rag1 and rag2) genes for 80 individuals, representing 18 of the 23–26 species, and the three subspecies of P. rupestris. The results indicate that P. rupestris is polyphyletic and includes two highly divergent clades: the eastern clade, found in coastal Iran and throughout the Hajar Mountain range in northern Oman and eastern UAE; and the western clade, distributed from central coastal Oman, through Yemen, Saudi Arabia and north to southern Jordan. Inferred haplotype networks for the four nuclear genes show that the eastern and western clades of “P. rupestris” are highly differentiated and do not share any alleles. Moreover, although the two clades are differentiated by a morphological multivariate analysis, no one character or set of characters was found to be diagnostic. Based on the molecular analysis of specimens from the type locality of P. rupestris rupestris, the name P. rupestris is applied to the eastern clade. The name that should apply to the western clade cannot be clarified until morphological and genetic data for “P. rupestris” is available from the vicinity of Bosaso, Somalia, and therefore we refer to it as Pristurus sp. 1. The phylogenetic tree of Pristurus supports the hypothesis that P. celerrimus is sister to all the other species in the analyses and that the Socotra Archipelago was independently colonized a minimum of two times.
New species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Western Australia
Authors: FROMONT JANE , ABDO DAVID A.
Published: July 2014

Two new sponge species, Haliclona durdong sp. nov. and Haliclona djeedara sp. nov. from the south west of Western Australia are described. Morphologically distinct from each other, both species are assigned to the genus Haliclona subgenus Haliclona. Haliclona djeedara sp. nov. individuals are ficiform to lobate,  brown to beige in colour and have numerous apical oscules. Haliclona durdong sp. nov. individuals have a massive morphology, green colour, and  large funnel-like oscules. The description of these two new species brings the species of Haliclona (Haliclona) in Australia to 25.
A new snapping species of the shrimp genus Typton Costa, 1844 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
Authors: ALMEIDA ALEXANDRE O. , ANKER ARTHUR , MANTELATTO FERNANDO L.
Published: July 2014

A new species of the palaemonid shrimp genus Typton Costa, 1844, Typton fapespae sp. nov., is described based on several specimens collected in Ubatuba and São Sebastião, northern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Most specimens were found in association with sponges, including Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (Demospongiae: Mycalidae); however, one paratype from Ubatuba was extracted from a colony of the bryozoan Schizoporella errata (Waters, 1878) (Gymnolaemata: Schizoporellidae). In T. fapespae sp. nov., the posterodorsal margin of the sixth abdominal segment bears a strong median tooth, a feature shared with T. hephaestus Holthuis, 1951, T. holthusi De Grave, 2010 and T. spongicola Costa, 1844. However, the new species can be separated from each of these three species by at least two morphological features.
A new genus of Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910 (1887) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Rhododendron in Turkey
Authors: BARJADZE SHALVA , ÖZDEMIR IŞIL
Published: July 2014

Rhododendraphis tuatayae gen. n., sp. n. living on Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae) in Turkey is described based on apterous viviparous females. The new genus is morphologically most similar to Rostratusaphis Fang and Qiao, 2009, but differs in several important characters. Differences between the new genus and other aphid genera with a spinulose second tarsal segment living on Rhododendron spp. worldwide are described. Type specimens are deposited at the Natural History Museum of London (BMNH).
A new species of Tupiperla Froehlich, 1969 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: DUARTE TÁCIO , BISPO PITÁGORAS C. , CALOR ADOLFO R.
Published: July 2014

The gripopterygid genus Tupiperla comprises 18 species, 16 have been recorded from Brazil, including T. guariru n. sp., described here. The new species was collected from streams in the Serra da Jibóia region, Bahia State, Brazil using light traps. Additional material from Amargosa, Bahia State, Brazil was also studied.
Variability of Summer Rainfall in Northeast China and Its Connection with Spring Rainfall Variability in the Huang-Huai Region and Indian Ocean SST
Authors: Gao Zongting , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Zhu Jieshun , Yang Song , Zhang Rong-Hua , Xiao Ziniu , Jha Bhaskar
Published: July 2014

In this work, the variability of summer [June–August (JJA)] rainfall in northeast China is examined and its predictors are identified based on observational analyses and atmospheric modeling experiments. At interannual time scales, the summer rainfall anomaly in northeast China is significantly correlated with the rainfall anomaly over the Huang-Huai region (32°–38°N, 105°–120°E) in late spring (April–May). Compared with climatology, an earlier (later) rainy season in the Huang-Huai region favors a wet (dry) summer in northeast China. Also, this connection has strengthened since the late 1970s. In addition to the impact of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Indian Ocean, the local soil moisture anomalies caused by the rainfall anomaly in the Huang-Huai region in late spring generate summer general circulation anomalies, which contribute to the rainfall anomaly in northeast China. As a result, when compared with the SSTA, the rainfall anomaly in the Huang-Huai region in late spring can be used as another and even better predictor for the summer rainfall anomaly in northeast China.

The results from atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by observed SST confirm the diagnostic results to some extent, including the connection of the rainfall anomaly between the Huang-Huai region in April–May and northeastern China in JJA as well as the influence from SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean. It is shown that eliminating the internal dynamical processes by using the ensemble mean intensifies the connection, implying that the connection of rainfall variation in the two different seasons/regions may be partially caused by the external forcing (e.g., SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean).
The Impact of Best Track Discrepancies on Global Tropical Cyclone Climatologies using IBTrACS
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Knapp Kenneth R. , Kossin James P.
Published: July 2014

Using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), the climatology of tropical cyclones is compared between two global best track datasets: 1) the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) subset of IBTrACS (IBTrACS-WMO) and 2) a combination of data from the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (NHC+JTWC). Comparing the climatologies between IBTrACS-WMO and NHC+JTWC highlights some of the heterogeneities inherent in these datasets for the period of global satellite coverage 1981–2010. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of these climatologies to the choice of best track dataset. Previous studies have examined best track heterogeneities in individual regions, usually the North Atlantic and west Pacific. This study puts those regional issues into their global context. The differences between NHC+JTWC and IBTrACS-WMO are greatest in the west Pacific, where the strongest storms are substantially weaker in IBTrACS-WMO. These disparities strongly affect the global measures of tropical cyclone activity because 30% of the world’s tropical cyclones form in the west Pacific. Because JTWC employs similar procedures throughout most of the globe, the comparisons in this study highlight differences between WMO agencies. For example, NHC+JTWC has more 96-kt (~49 m s−1) storms than IBTrACS-WMO in the west Pacific but fewer in the Australian region. This discrepancy probably points to differing operational procedures between the WMO agencies in the two regions. Without better documentation of historical analysis procedures, the only way to remedy these heterogeneities will be through systematic reanalysis.
On Understanding Understanding
Authors: Goldberg Arnold
Published: July 2014

Psychoanalytic understanding in its status as a hermeneutic activity is different from other forms of understanding. It is distinct, for instance, from psychodynamic psychotherapy, which may be able to establish itself as an empirical science. Empirical science deals with rules and establishes facts, while hermeneutic science deals with meanings, which cover a wider area than facts. Meanings offer a different kind of explanation than facts offer. Psychodynamic psychotherapy can be differentiated from psychoanalysis on the basis of their being different forms of scientific activity. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is not a diminished or lesser form of psychoanalysis, inasmuch as it employs both interpretation and other therapeutic activities, while psychoanalysis is best seen as restricted to interpretation. The understanding that results from psychoanalysis is unique to psychoanalysis.
The Clinical Outcomes of Antimicrobial Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Nontyphoid Salmonellosis With Different Levels of Severity
Authors: Hu Hong-Hsiang , Chiou Christine C. , Cheng Ming-Fang , Chen Yao-Shen , Sheu Sheng-Kai , Wu Tzee-Chung , Huang I-Fei
Published: July 2014

Background. To evaluate if a severity score could differentiate the severity of children with nontyphoid salmonellosis; clinical outcomes of antimicrobial therapy in nontyphoid salmonellosis children with different severities. Methods. Admitted children with nontyphoid salmonellosis from 1996 to 2009 were monitored. Enrolled patients were divided into no antibiotics, concordant, and discordant therapies. Besides, the patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe group according to the severity score. Clinical outcomes were compared among them. Results. A total of 558 patients were enrolled. In no therapy subset, compared with mild group, patients had worse clinical outcomes and more complications in severe group. Patients receiving no therapy had better clinical outcomes in mild group. However, patients receiving concordant therapy (ceftriaxone) had better clinical outcomes in severe group. Conclusions. The severity score and local antibiotic susceptibility could serve as guides for antibiotic prescription for severe nontyphoid salmonellosis in children. Inappropriate antibiotic use would worsen clinical outcomes in children with mild nontyphoid salmonellosis.
Parental Preference and Ability to Participate in Web-Based Developmental Screening and Surveillance
Authors: Lakshmanan Ashwini , Santo Eilann , McCormick Marie C. , Belfort Mandy
Published: July 2014

Objectives. The objectives of this article were ( a) to describe prevalence of Internet and email access among parents of preterm infants attending high-risk follow-up, ( b) to describe parent preference for completing developmental questionnaires online versus on paper, and ( c) to examine predictors of access and preference. Design/Methods. We surveyed 270 parents of preterm infants attending a high-risk follow-up clinic about Internet and email access, preference for completing a developmental questionnaire online versus on paper. Results. Median (interquartile range) gestational age was 28 (26, 30) weeks, and birth weight was 970 (765, 1230) grams. Ninety-five percent of parents had Internet and email access, and 71% preferred completing a developmental questionnaire online versus on paper or were indifferent. Less maternal education, lower family income, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with less Internet and email access. Conclusions. Most families attending a high-risk preterm infant follow-up clinic had Internet and email access and preferred completing developmental questionnaires online to on paper or were indifferent.
History of sociology and the quest for intellectual autonomy in the Global South: The cases of Alberto Guerreiro Ramos and Syed Hussein Alatas
Authors: Maia Joao Marcelo
Published: July 2014

History of sociology is one of the main fields within the broader area of social science research. Despite its growing methodological sophistication, the field still lacks a truly global approach, one that takes into account alternative sociological traditions, particularly those from the so-called Global South. This article seeks to address these shortcomings by proposing a case study comparison between two sociologists from the Global South who developed similar sociological discourses between the 1950s and 1970s and pursued intellectual autonomy. These were the Brazilian Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1915–1982) and the Malaysian Syed Hussein Alatas (1927–2008). The article analyzes the main works of Ramos and Alatas and compares their trajectories as well. It is argued that the sociological discourses in the Global South are best explained through a transnational analysis that pays close attention to the conditions of intellectual labor and the quest for intellectual autonomy in this area. It is also argued that the field of history of sociology should take into account these alternative discourses in order to avoid Eurocentrism.
Lifecourse socioeconomic status and cardiovascular illness in Latin America
Authors: Jones Antwan , Mitchel Danielle , Goza Franklin
Published: July 2014

Although socioeconomic status has been positively linked to health, little is known how socioeconomic disadvantage experienced in both childhood and adulthood influences cardiovascular illness in low- and middle-income countries. With particular emphasis on the elderly, this research uses Latin American data to test whether adult socioeconomic disadvantage, net of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, is associated with being diagnosed with hypertension and experiencing a heart attack. This research also explores how location plays a role in the relationship between socioeconomic status and health by providing country-specific analyses. Findings indicate that while adult socioeconomic status is negatively associated with cardiovascular illness in the region overall, this relationship is positive in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Results suggest that, in the case of elderly Latin Americans, socioeconomic advantage did not uniformly translate into a definite health advantage.
Rural young people in late modernity: Place, globalisation and the spatial contours of identity
Authors: Farrugia David , Smyth John , Harrison Tim
Published: July 2014

This article draws together arguments for an interdisciplinary ‘spatial turn’ within sociology to analyse the subjectivities and biographical imaginings of Australian rural youth. It draws on a theoretical dialogue between theories of social change, and developments in socio-spatial theory in order to analyse the spatial contours of young people’s narratives, making a case for the significance of an ‘extraverted’ and porous sense of place for understanding rural youth identity. After a theoretical argument about the contemporary meaning of place for theories of globalisation and individualisation, the article presents two theoretically driven sets of case studies. The first discusses rural youth whose identities speak to the importance of place and ‘the local’ as resources for identity, while the second describes young people whose identities are ‘stretched’ across multiple spaces and locales. The analysis speaks to the importance of place for understanding the forms of reflexivity that rural youth mobilise in constructing their place in the world, and speaks to new ways in which to re-embed sociological analyses of youth within the spatially complex social landscapes of a globalised world.
Whose choice? Young people, career choices and reflexivity re-examined
Authors: Laughland-Booÿ Jacqueline , Mayall Margery , Skrbiš Zlatko
Published: July 2014

Young people making future career choices are doing so in an environment that often highlights the benefits supposedly wrought by individualisation and reflexive choice. It is argued that those who demonstrate reflexivity in their decision-making would have an advantage in the negotiation of future risks. The authors of this article agree with theorists who note that career choices are still strongly influenced by a person’s location in the class structure. However, unlike some writers who suggest youth from more privileged socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to evaluate risk and demonstrate reflexivity, the authors suggest the opposite. Interviews were conducted with young people aged 16–17 who are participating in an ongoing project designed to follow a cohort of young Australians from adolescence into later life. Our findings suggest that while a more privileged location may afford young people security from many potential risks and problems, this may in fact encourage a non-reflexive perspective and they may choose careers based on social norms rather than ability. Instead, we argue that it is young people from less privileged backgrounds who tend to demonstrate reflexivity in their career planning.
Body Composition in Spanish Soccer Referees
Authors: Casajus JA , Matute-Llorente A , Herrero H , González-Agüero A
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to examine body fat of elite Spanish soccer referees and assistant referees by division, role and age group. Participants were 243 males (age 32.4 ± 5.3 years, weight 72.3 ± 6.2 kg, height 179.1 ± 5.9 cm and body mass index 22.5 ± 1.4) who belonged to the Referees Technical Committee of the Royal Spanish Soccer Federation. A portable bioelectrical impedance analyser TANITA BC 418-MA was used to estimate the percentage of body fat (%BF). In the first analysis, they were classified by division and role: 158 elite Spanish league referees (n = 20 first-division referees; n = 22 second-division referees and n = 116 second-B-division referees) and 85 elite Spanish league assistant referees (n = 40 first-division assistant referees and n = 45 second-division assistant referees). In the second analysis, they were divided into three age groups as previously described by Castagna: young (Y, 27–32 years, n = 144), average (A, 33–38 years, n = 66) and senior (S, 39–45 years, n = 33). Analysing by division and role, the first-division referees were the oldest and the second-B-division referees were the youngest. First- and second-B-division referees had lower total %BF than first- and second-division assistant referees (9.6% and 9.8% vs 12.8% and 12.0%, p < 0.05). Comparing by age group, Y group had lower %BF than A and S groups (10.2% vs 11.4% and 12%, p < 0.05), but no differences were found between A and S groups. These results showed that first- and second-B-division referees presented more healthy values of %BF than first- and second-division assistants. By age group, Y group had the lowest %BF.
Medico-legal significance of service difficulties and clinical errors in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Farrukh Affifa , Mayberry John F
Published: July 2014

There is a significant growth in medical litigation, and cases involving the care and management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are becoming common. There is no central register of such cases, and the majority are settled before court proceedings. As a result, there is no specific case law related to such conditions, and secrecy usually surrounds the outcome with “no admission of guilt” by the defendant and a clause about non-disclosure and discussion linked to the financial compensation received by the claimant. This review discusses common areas of potential litigation.
Sock fabrics: relevance of fiber type, yarn, fabric structure and moisture on cyclic compression
Authors: Van Amber Rebecca R , Lowe Bronwyn J , Niven Brian E , Laing Raechel M , Wilson Cheryl A
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to subject dry and damp sock fabrics to repeated compression cycles in order to determine the relative effects of fiber type (fine wool, mid-micron wool, acrylic), yarn type (high twist, low twist, single) and fabric structure (single jersey, half-terry, terry) on fabric compression and recovery from compression. Changes in fabric thickness were measured using a tensile tester and a number of parameters identified and analyzed: retained thickness, recovered thickness, compression to recovery ratio, energy absorption and energy absorption standardized for fabric thickness. The dominant factor was the number of compression cycles, with most change in the thickness retained and recovered evident within the first 10 cycles. The pattern of response of dry and damp fabrics was quite different with, the dry fabrics having a better compression to recovery ratio. Energy absorption was affected strongly by fabric structure, however this was closely related to initial fabric thickness. When fabrics were made damp, fabrics composed of acrylic fibers had a better compression to recovery ratio than fabrics composed of wool.
Exploring Teacher Beliefs and Use of Acceleration, Ability Grouping, and Formative Assessment
Authors: Missett Tracy C. , Brunner Marguerite M. , Callahan Carolyn M. , Moon Tonya R. , Price Azano Amy
Published: July 2014

Few academic interventions for gifted students have generated more empirical support than acceleration and ability grouping, and formative assessment is advocated as a tool that educators can use to appropriately integrate accelerative practices and ability grouping into the classroom. However, the empirical support for accelerative practices, ability grouping, and formative assessment does not always translate into practice. This qualitative study sought to explore how teacher expectations about student ability influenced teacher use of accelerative practices, ability grouping, and formative assessment. The findings indicate that the availability and use of formative assessments, coupled with high teacher expectations about student ability, support teacher use of best practices in pacing and grouping strategies.
Commercial music radio, race and identity in South Africa
Authors: Bosch Tanja Estella
Published: July 2014

In South Africa, listeners often believe that radio stations deliberately constitute their audiences in terms of race. This article further explores this notion using commercial music station Good Hope FM as a case study. Radio creates a textured soundscape that is experienced as part of the material culture of the home; it contributes to the creation of domestic environments and it can help maintain and establish identities. These assertions are explored further through interviews with listeners. Mediated experience has long influenced self-identity, and this study explores popular conceptualizations of GHFM as a ‘coloured’ or mixed-race radio station, through these listener interviews, conducted in the home. The article explores the possibility that the symbolic arrangement of broadcast music and talk elements in one ensemble, embody and expresses group self-consciousness; and that the cultural consumption of GHFM leads to the formulation of an imagined identity based on ethnicity. Consumption of radio station content becomes a dialectical identity-forming process played out through tuning in. While GHFM listeners re-articulate normative discourses of identity and old apartheid constructions in their reflections on their media consumption, the article shows the act of tuning in as a critical part of their dialectical identity-forming process.
Scales of cultural influence: Malawian consumption of foreign media
Authors: Gray Jonathan
Published: July 2014

This article draws from qualitative and ethnographic work conducted in Malawi to interrogate anew questions of cultural influence by foreign media. Malawi presents a fascinating case for examining such questions, given the almost complete lack of local film or television production and an imperiled music industry, which combine to suffuse film, television, and radio with foreign content. In recent years, moreover, concerns about cultural influence have bubbled up in Malawi. Respondents were therefore asked to discuss their feelings regarding the foreign media presence in the country. Responses suggest the importance of third and subsequent parties to an understanding of cultural influence, as the article examines how Nigerian and American film and television compete with each other, and then examines how minority Tumbuka listeners suspiciously regard Zambian music sung in Malawi’s national and majority language, Chichewa. The article aims to complicate theories of cultural influence first by illustrating how multiple cultures jostle for influence, and second by arguing that the often-unitary focus on nation as unit of reception for culture obscures the equal importance of both supranational and subnational cultural units as sites of reception and meaning-making.
Correlates of Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Women With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Vanden Bosch Melodee L. , Robbins Lorraine B. , Anderson Kirk
Published: July 2014

This comparative and correlational study examined personal and social-cognitive factors related to physical activity in middle-aged women with ( n = 37) and without ( n = 67) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Compared with those without the condition, women with T2D attained less accelerometer-measured moderate, t = −3.35(89.40), p = .001, and vigorous physical activity, t = −2.76(59.30), p = .008, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), t = −3.50(91.19), p = .001, and had lower physical activity self-efficacy, t = −2.6(101), p = .01, and perceived benefits of physical activity, t = −2.4(51.0), p = .02. For the total sample, greater MVPA was related to White race, not having diabetes, lower body mass index, fewer comorbidities, less depressive symptom severity, no smoking status, more positive attitudes, higher self-efficacy, and greater perceived benefits. Enhancing attitudes, self-efficacy, and benefits may increase MVPA in middle-aged women with T2D.
Processing relative clauses in Chinese as a second language
Authors: Xu Yi
Published: July 2014

This project investigates second language (L2) learners’ processing of four types of Chinese relative clauses crossing extraction types and demonstrative-classifier (DCl) positions. Using a word order judgment task with a whole-sentence reading technique, the study also discusses how psycholinguistic theories bear explanatory power in L2 data. An overall preference for DCl-first structures and an advantage of DCl-subject relative clauses over the other three structures were found. Results were largely compatible with the filler-gap domain theory and indicated a weak subject-gap advantage. These motivations are subject to influences from other factors, and a multi-constraint proposal was proposed.
Region and place II
Authors: Tomaney John
Published: July 2014

This paper reviews recent research on the nature of local belonging. It highlights how local belonging continues to matter to most people; that it can have individual and collective dimensions; that the notion of a binary opposition between a cosmopolitan outlook and local attachments is unhelpful, but that scales at which we belong may be multiple and changing. The paper explores the class dimensions of belonging, the way belonging is linked to local and regional identity and the role of history in the formation of local attachments. The paper identifies some areas for further research.
My Family Matters
Authors: Moors Amy C. , Malley Janet E. , Stewart Abigail J.
Published: July 2014

One reason for women’s absence in science, technology, engineering, math, and medical science (STEMM) disciplines is the perceived incompatibility of having a family and a science career. However, little is known about the climate surrounding support for balancing work and family responsibilities for STEMM and non-STEMM scholars at the postdoctoral training level. In Study 1, we examined the relationship between STEMM and non-STEMM postdocs’ perceived family-friendly climate, job satisfaction, and workplace belonging ( N = 553). In Study 2, we examined the relationship between a broad range of tenure-track faculty members’ family-friendly climate, job satisfaction, and workplace belonging ( N = 385). Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated that perceived institutional support for family commitments was linked with job satisfaction and sense of belonging for men and women in faculty and postdoctoral training positions in both STEMM and non-STEMM fields. In addition, for STEMM postdocs (but not for non-STEMM postdocs or faculty), gender moderated the effects of perceived support for family on job satisfaction and sense of belonging, such that women with low institutional support for family commitments were significantly less satisfied with their jobs and felt less belonging to their workplace environment than comparable men. We discuss implications of academic departmental climate and initiatives for family-friendly policies for retention of women in academia.