bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tempo, idade e cultura: uma contribuição à psicopatologia da depressão no idoso. Parte II: Uma investigação sobre a temporalidade e a medicina
Authors: Bastos Cláudio Lyra
Published: August 2016

Procuramos aqui relacionar dois aspectos fundamentais das intuições culturais sobre a passagem do tempo – a temporalidade cíclica e a contínua – com a terapêutica médica e especialmente com a psicopatologia, numa visão crítica do constructo moderno da depressão no idoso. Inspirado em perspectivas de natureza antropológica, o texto se apóia na experiência clínica cotidiana e na atitude fenomenológica que orienta essa prática. Nas concepções culturais que tendem a perceber a passagem do tempo de forma predominantemente cíclica, o envelhecer é parte de um movimento eterno, e a família se perpetua em seus descendentes, nas suas tradições, no vínculo com a terra ou no exercício do ofício familiar. As transformações culturais que têm proporcionado a passagem para enfoques mais direcionais do tempo vão destacando cada vez mais o papel individual na história social. Quanto mais difícil for a passagem de Weltanschauungen tradicionais – de tendência circular, fatalista, repetitiva e eterna – para outras de tendência individualizante, burocratizante, planejadora e sucessiva, maiores as dificuldades para uma senectude satisfatória e maior a tendência à medicalização desse fracasso. Esta é a primeira (segunda) parte de uma série de três artigos.
Prestadores de serviço no campo da saúde mental: o público, o privado e o inefável da loucura
Authors: Loyola Cristina Maria Douat , Vieira Marcus André
Published: August 2016

Abordamos nossa própria visão, muitas vezes turva, sobre a realidade dos hospitais psiquiátricos no Brasil. Ela escora-se em um discurso que, por vezes, ofusca-se pelo ideal da desospitalização. Visando uma nova realidade, esquece que a clínica muitas vezes é pesada e resistente, e lastrela nossas pretensões com a presença maciça da impossibilidade. A análise e a discussão foram realizadas a partir de dois registros de dados: notas de diário de campo, realizadas pelos autores quando em função pública de gestão estadual de saúde mental, e dois casos de supervisão clínica em instituição psiquiátrica pública municipal no Rio de Janeiro; todos os dados colhidos em 2004. A análise das anotações nos levou a concluir que podemos contribuir para mudar o estado de coisas encontrado nos dados empíricos e que temos algo afazer para não reproduzir o mesmo passado dos hospitais psiquiátricos. No plano da equipe de profissionais é preciso que ela não se transforme neste agente de horror banalizado que constrange a esperança. Entre o público, o privado e o inefável da loucura é preciso acolher a resposta do sujeito, aquele pequeno elemento que assinala a estranheza e irredutibilidade de alguém que, no caso da loucura, encontrase em ruptura com o coletivo.
Entre a psicanálise e a degenerescência: sexualidade e doença mental no início do século XX no Brasil
Authors: Facchinetti Cristiana , Venancio Ana Teresa A
Published: August 2016

O texto de Henrique Roxo, publicado em 1919 e aqui apresentado, fundamenta-se em grande medida na psicanálise, discutindo o papel central da sexualidade nos casos de doença mental, em especial da demência precoce. Nosso artigo analisa as relações entre a psicanálise e a psiquiatria para demonstrar o modo sui generis como esses campos de saber foram combinados na construção do mental como objeto científico em nosso contexto.
Ethics and conflict of interest in psychiatric research
Authors: Câmara Fernando Portela
Published: August 2016

This article discusses the relationship between personal interests and medical research. The presence of research professionals who conduct studies which will later be used for market investments through new pharmaceutical products or procedures has brought up a number of issues, especially regarding the neutrality of the use of such products. The fact that some researchers receive shares in stocks and profits of some companies, and the way the companies finance them and use their credibility in scientific marketing have been a source of concern to scientific journals, the academic community and the better-informed public as to the validity of the results presented and the reliability of the pharmaceutical products themselves. The question of how neutrality can be preserved without the inevitable involvement of these interests is an ethical issue that has yet to be carefully examined by agencies that regulate the medical profession.
Próteses psíquicas: a psicofarmacologia como biotecnologia e a téchne trágica da psicanálise
Authors: Dunley Glaucia
Published: August 2016

Considerando a relevância do estudo das próteses na cultura informacional contemporânea, e aproximando-o do campo psicopatológico através da idéia dos psicofármacos funcionando como próteses psíquicas, pretendo problematizar a inserção das novas tecnologias – especialmente as biotecnologias, como a psicofarmacologia – no projeto de longa duração da metafísica, descortinando a lógica da vontade de poder em jogo, e suas máscaras. Procurando formas de resistir a esta disponibilização sem fim do real, pela qual o próprio sujeito se vê atingido, objetivando-se das mais variadas formas, a psicanálise se configura como téchne trágica, herdeira de uma transmissão estética e ética da existência, propondose a restituir ao homem contemporâneo um saber sobre a sua própria tragicidade, pela qual seria possível afirmar um bem-viver em que a dor de existir não ficaria encoberta.
Desconstruindo o alcoolismo: notas a partir da construção do objeto de pesquisa no contexto indígena
Authors: Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de , Garnelo Luíza
Published: August 2016

A partir de uma revisão de conceitos utilizados na pesquisa sobre o uso de bebidas alcoólicas e de trabalhos nacionais que abordam a questão do uso de álcool por populações indígenas, evidencia-se a dificuldade gerada pelo uso indiscriminado da noção de alcoolismo. Apresenta-se uma proposta inicial de um modelo teórico no qual são articulados os conceitos de dependência, problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e alcoolização, que vêm pautando os autores na construção do objeto de pesquisa no campo da saúde indígena na região do Alto Rio Negro, noroeste do Estado do Amazonas.
Tempo, idade e cultura: uma contribuição à psicopatologia da depressão no idoso. Parte III: A depressão, o tempo e a cultura
Authors: Bastos Cláudio Lyra
Published: August 2016

Procuramos aqui relacionar dois aspectos fundamentais das intuições culturais sobre a passagem do tempo - a temporalidade cíclica e a contínua - com a terapêutica médica e especialmente com a psicopatologia, numa visão crítica do constructo moderno da depressão no idoso. Inspirado em perspectivas de natureza antropológica, o texto se apoia na experiência clínica cotidiana e na atitude fenomenológica que orienta essa prática. Nas concepções culturais que tendem a perceber a passagem do tempo de forma predominantemente cíclica, o envelhecer é parte de um movimento eterno e a família se perpetua em seus descendentes, nas suas tradições, no vínculo com a terra ou no exercício do ofício familiar. As transformações culturais que têm proporcionado a passagem para enfoques mais direcionais do tempo vão destacando cada vez mais o papel individual na história social. Quanto mais difícil for a passagem de Weltanschauungen tradicionais, de tendência circular, fatalista, repetitiva e eterna para outras de tendência individualizante, burocratizante, planejadora e sucessiva, maiores as dificuldades para uma senectude satisfatória e maior a tendência à medicalização desse fracasso. Esta é a terceira parte de uma série de três artigos.
De médico e louco... as fronteiras entre discursos
Authors: Santos Nádia Maria Weber
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta aspectos de dois “discursos”, concernentes à sensibilidade sobre a loucura, em representações (narrativas) escritas por um médico e um paciente, ambos do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre, inseridos nos anos 20 a 50 do século XX, no Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, utilizou-se o livro de Jacintho Godoy, A Psiquiatria no Rio Grande do Sul, publicado pelo autor em 1955, e as cartas de um paciente interno, em 1937, arquivadas em seu prontuário médico.
Prevalence of hypoalbuminemia and nutritional issues in hospitalized elders
Authors: Brock Felipe , Bettinelli Luiz Antonio , Dobner Taise , Stobbe Júlio César , Pomatti Gabriela , Telles Cristina Trevizan
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia in hospitalized elders, related to socio-demographic variables, nutritional status and length of stay. Methods: crosscutting study with 200 patients hospitalized in a large hospital in the South of Brazil during three months. Evaluations, lab tests and interviews through questionnaires were performed. Results: the average albuminemia was 2,9 ± 0,5g/dL. Hypoalbuminemia was diagnosed in 173 subjects (87%) and was absent in 27 (13%) that have normal albuminemia (p=0,000). After six days of hospitalization, the prevalence of low levels grew significantly to 90% (p=0,002), average 2,7 ± 0,5g/dL. Using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, it was observed that 41 patients were malnourished and from those, 40 had hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia proved to be high, in approx. nine in ten elders, and the nutritional status and the length of stay proved to be related to the decrease of serum albumin levels. Thus, it is suggested that monitoring albumin levels should be done to evaluate the risk that the patient has to develop malnutrition and other complications during hospital stays.
Social support of adults and elderly with chronic kidney disease on dialysis
Authors: Silva Simone Márcia da , Braido Natalia Fernanda , Ottaviani Ana Carolina , Gesualdo Gabriela Dutra , Zazzetta Marisa Silvana , Orlandi Fabiana de Souza
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the instrumental and emotional social support of patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was sized for convenience and included 103 participants under treatment in a Renal Replacement Therapy Unit. Data were collected through individual interviews, using the Social Support Scale. Results: the mean scores of the emotional and instrumental social support were 3.92 (± 0.78) and 3.81 (± 0.69) respectively, an indication of good support received. The most frequent sources of instrumental and emotional social support mentioned by participants were partners, spouse, companion or boyfriend and friends. Conclusion: patients with chronic kidney disease have high social support, both instrumental and emotional, and the main support comes from the family.
Incidence of phlebitis associated with the use of peripheral IV catheter and following catheter removal
Authors: Urbanetto Janete de Souza , Peixoto Cibelle Grassmann , May Tássia Amanda
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the incidence of phlebitis and its association with risk factors when using peripheral IV catheters (PIC) and following their removal - (post-infusion phlebitis) in hospitalized adults. Method: a cohort study of 171 patients using PIC, totaling 361 punctures. Sociodemographic variables and variables associated with the catheter were collected. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed. Results: average patient age was 56.96 and 51.5% of the sample population was male. The incidence of phlebitis was 1.25% while using PIC, and 1.38% post-infusion. The incidence of phlebitis while using PIC was associated with the length of time the catheter remained in place, whereas post-infusion phlebitis was associated with puncture in the forearm. Ceftriaxone, Clarithromycin and Oxacillin are associated with post-infusion phlebitis. Conclusions: this study made it possible to investigate the association between risk factors and phlebitis during catheter use and following its removal. The frequency of post-infusion phlebitis was larger than the incidence of phlebitis with the catheter in place, with Phlebitis Grade III and II being the most frequently found in each of these situations, respectively. Aspects related to post-infusion phlebitis can be explained, given the limited number of studies addressing this theme from this perspective.
Care management: agreement between nursing prescriptions and patients' care needs
Authors: Faeda Marília Silveira , Perroca Márcia Galan
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objectives: analyze agreement between nursing prescriptions recorded in medical files and patients' care needs; investigate the correlation between the nurses' professional background and agreement of prescriptions. Method: descriptive study with quantitative and documentary approach conducted in the medical clinic, surgical, and specialized units of a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. The new validated version of a Patient Classification Instrument was used and 380 nursing prescriptions written at the times of hospital admission and discharge were assessed. Results: 75% of the nursing prescriptions items were compatible with the patients' care needs. Only low correlation between nursing prescription agreement and professional background was found. Conclusion: the nursing prescriptions did not fully meet the care needs of patients. The care context and work process should be analyzed to enable more effective prescriptions, while strategies to assess the care needs of patients are recommended.
Diagnosis and medical treatment of neuropathic pain in leprosy
Authors: Arco Rogerio Del , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli , Bassi Thiago Gasperini , Paschoal Vania Del Arco
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the difficulties in diagnosing and treating neuropathic pain caused by leprosy and to understand the main characteristics of this situation. Methods: 85 patients were treated in outpatient units with reference to leprosy and the accompanying pain. We used a questionnaire known as the Douleur Neuropathic 4 test and we conducted detailed neurological exams. As a result, 42 patients were excluded from the study for not having proved their pain. Results: Out of the 37 patients that experienced pain, 22 (59.5%) had neuropathic pain (or a mixture of this pain and their existing pain) and of these 90.8% considered this pain to be moderate or severe. 81.8% of the sample suffered with this pain for more than 6 months. Only 12 (54.5%) of the patients had been diagnosed with neuropathic pain and in almost half of these cases, this pain had not been diagnosed. With reference to medical treatment (n=12) for neuropathic pain, 5 (41.6%) responded that they became better. For the other 7 (58.4%) there were no changes in relation to the pain or in some cases the pain worsened in comparison to their previous state. Statistical analysis comparing improvements in relation to the pain amongst the patients that were treated (n=12) and those that were not, showed significant differences (value p=0.020). Conclusion: we noted difficulties in diagnosing neuropathic pain for leprosy in that almost half of the patients that were studied had not had their pain diagnosed. We attributed this to some factors such as the non-adoption of the appropriate protocols which led to inadequate diagnosis and treatment that overlooked the true picture.
Nursing interventions for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: cross mapping of terms
Authors: Tosin Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira , Campos Débora Moraes , Andrade Leonardo Tadeu de , Oliveira Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de , Santana Rosimere Ferreira
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform a cross-term mapping of nursing language in the patient record with the Nursing Interventions Classification system, in rehabilitation patients with Parkinson's disease. Method: a documentary research study to perform cross mapping. A probabilistic, simple random sample composed of 67 records of patients with Parkinson's disease who participated in a rehabilitation program, between March of 2009 and April of 2013. The research was conducted in three stages, in which the nursing terms were mapped to natural language and crossed with the Nursing Interventions Classification. Results: a total of 1,077 standard interventions that, after crossing with the taxonomy and refinement performed by the experts, resulted in 32 interventions equivalent to the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) system. The NICs, "Education: The process of the disease.", "Contract with the patient", and "Facilitation of Learning" were present in 100% of the records. For these interventions, 40 activities were described, representing 13 activities by intervention. Conclusion: the cross mapping allowed for the identification of corresponding terms with the nursing interventions used every day in rehabilitation nursing, and compared them to the Nursing Interventions Classification.
Measurement of Family-centered care perception and parental stress in a neonatal unit
Authors: Balbino Flávia Simphronio , Balieiro Maria Magda Ferreira Gomes , Mandetta Myriam Aparecida
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effects of the implementation of the Patient and Family-Centered Care Model on parents and healthcare perceptions and parental stress. Method: a quasi-experimental study developed in a neonatal unit of a university hospital in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, with the implementation of this model of care. Data collection were performed by two sample groups, one using non-equivalent groups of parents, and another using equivalent groups of healthcare professionals. The instruments Perceptions of Family-Centered Care-Parent Brazilian Version, Perceptions of Family-Centered Care-Staff Brazilian Version and Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, were applied to 132 parents of newborns hospitalized and to 57 professionals. Results: there was a statistically significant improvement in the perceptions of the parents in most items assessed (p ≤0,05) and for the staff in relation to the family welcome in the neonatal unit (p = 0.041) and to the comprehension of the family's experience with the infant´s hospitalization (p = 0,050). There was a reduction in the average scores of parental stress, with a greater decrease in the Alteration in Parental Role from 4,2 to 3,8 (p = 0,048). Conclusion: the interventions improved the perceptions of parents and healthcare team related to patient and family-centered care and contributed to reducing parental stress.
The effects of acupressure on labor pains during child birth: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mafetoni Reginaldo Roque , Shimo Antonieta Keiko Kakuda
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effects of acupressure on the sanyinjiao point for pregnant women in labor at public maternity wards. Method: single-blind controlled clinical trial, randomly done employing a pragmatic profile. We selected 156 pregnant women in their ≥ 37 week/s, who had cervical dilations of ≥ 4 cm and with two or more contractions in 10 minutes. The pregnant women were randomly divided into three groups at a university hospital in the suburbs of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to receive either acupressure treatment, a placebo or participate as part of a control group. The acupressure was applied on the sanyinjiao point during the contractions for 20 minutes. Then the intensity of the pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The averages for the pain measured using the VAS were not different for the three groups that were a part of the study (p-value=0.0929), however they were less in the acupressure groups immediately after receiving the treatment (p-value=<0.0001). This was also the case where the treatment lasted for 1 hour (p-value=0.0001). This was the case in comparison with placebo and control groups. Conclusion: the use of acupressure on the sanyinjiao point is a useful way to alleviate pain in a non-invasive manner. It can improve the quality of care given to pregnant women in labor. Register: RBR-9mhs8r.
Diabetes mellitus and drug abuse during pregnancy and the risk for orofacial clefts and related abnormalities
Authors: Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle , Kostrisch Lília Maria von , Pimenta Luiz André Freire , Negrato Carlos Antônio , Franzolin Solange Braga , Trindade Junior Alceu Sergio
Published: August 2016

Abstract Objective: to assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and drug abuse in mothers of children with orofacial clefts (OFC). Methods: 325 women who had children (0-3y) with clefts were interviewed. Data regarding type of diabetes, use of legal/illegal drugs during pregnancy, waist girth and fasting blood sugar at the first prenatal consult were collected. Results: twenty seven percent of the women had DM, out of these, 89% had gestational DM, 5,5% type 1 DM and 5,5% type 2 DM. The prevalence of DM in mothers of children with OFC was 27%, it is significantly higher than the average Brazilian population which is 7.6% (p<0.01) (OR=4.5, 95%CI=3.5-5.8). Regarding drug abuse during pregnancy, 32% of the mothers used drugs and a significant positive correlation was observed between drug abuse and the occurrence of clefts and other craniofacial anomalies (p=0.028) (OR=2.87; 95%CI=1.1-7.4). Conclusions: DM and drug abuse during pregnancy increases the risk for OFC and related anomalies and early diagnosis of DM and prevention of drug abuse, especially in pregnant women, should be emphasized.
Translation, adaptation and validation the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context
Authors: Torres Heloísa de Carvalho , Chaves Fernanda Figueredo , Silva Daniel Dutra Romualdo da , Bosco Adriana Aparecida , Gabriel Beatriz Diniz , Reis Ilka Afonso , Rodrigues Júlia Santos Nunes , Pagano Adriana Silvina
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context. This protocol was developed by the American Diabetes Association and guides the procedure of educators for the care of children and adolescents with diabetes in schools. Method: this methodological study was conducted in four stages: initial translation, synthesis of initial translation, back translation and content validation by an expert committee, composed of 94 specialists (29 applied linguists and 65 health professionals), for evaluation of the translated version through an online questionnaire. The concordance level of the judges was calculated based on the Content Validity Index. Data were exported into the R program for statistical analysis: Results: the evaluation of the instrument showed good concordance between the judges of the Health and Applied Linguistics areas, with a mean content validity index of 0.9 and 0.89, respectively, and slight variability of the index between groups (difference of less than 0.01). The items in the translated version, evaluated as unsatisfactory by the judges, were reformulated based on the considerations of the professionals of each group. Conclusion: a Brazilian version of Diabetes Medical Management Plan was constructed, called the Plano de Manejo do Diabetes na Escola.
Reproductive phenology of Mauritia flexuosa L. (Arecaceae) in a coastal restinga environment in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Mendes F. N. , Valente R. M. , Rêgo M. M. C. , Esposito M. C.
Published: August 2016

Abstract The buriti, Mauritia flexuosa, is the most common palm in Brazil, where it has considerable ecological and economic importance. However, few data are available on the phenology of the species, mainly in coastal restinga ecosystems. The present study monitored the reproductive phenology of M. flexuosa in the restinga of Barreirinhas, in the Brazilian Northeast, and investigated the relationship between phenophases and climatic variables. The presence/absence of flowers and fruits was recorded monthly in 25 individuals of each sex between August, 2009, and October, 2012. There was no difference in the phenology of male and female specimens, with flowering and fruiting occurring exclusively in the dry season. We believe that the specific abiotic characteristics of the study environment, such as the intense sunlight and availability of water in the soil, contribute to the reproductive success of M. flexuosa in the dry season, with consequent germination and establishment of seedlings occurring during the subsequent rainy season.
O crime da miscigenação: a mistura de raças no Brasil escravista e a ameaça à pureza racial nos Estados Unidos pós-abolição
Authors: Brito Luciana da Cruz
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este artigo discute como o exemplo brasileiro foi debatido e apropriado por políticos, cientistas e demais membros da elite branca estadunidense, que no pós-abolição estava elaborando um projeto de nação que mantinha antigas ideologias escravistas de supremacia branca e segregação racial que perduraram no país ao longo do século XX. Na América Latina era possível avaliar os efeitos negativos da mistura racial, e o Brasil tornou-se um exemplo de atraso e degeneração, reforçando a necessidade de políticas segregacionistas urgentes a serem implementadas nos Estados Unidos. A questão da mistura racial estava atrelada à produção de uma noção de identidade nacional que se sustentava nas ideias de pureza de sangue e em oposição às sociedades latino-americanas.
Soil water energetic status and cowpea beans irrigated with saline water
Authors: Oliveira Wanderson J. de , Souza Edivan R. de , Almeida Brivaldo G. de , Silva Ênio F. de F. e , Melo Hidelblandi F. de , Leal Lucas Y. C.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The study of the water energetic status under saline condition and its impact on the development of cowpea is of extreme importance, since this crop is the food base in many parts of the world. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from March to May 2014 using the cultivar IPA 206 in Fluvisol collected in the municipality of Pesqueira, PE, Brazil. Waters with six levels of electrical conductivity (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 dS m-1) formulated with NaCl and a salt mixture were used. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replicates, forming 48 experimental plots. The matric, osmotic and total potential of water in the soil, the osmotic, and water potential in the plant and atmospheric potential were determined. Plant and soil osmotic potentials decreased with the increase in irrigation water electrical conductivity, which contributed to the decrease in plant water potential. There was no significant difference between the salts used in the composition of the irrigation water for the potentials evaluated in the soil and in the plant; there was no equilibrium between soil and plant water potentials at predawn.
Use of fish-farming wastewater in lettuce cultivation
Authors: Guimarães Isaías P. , Oliveira Francisco de A. de , Torres Salvador B. , Pereira Francisco E. C. B. , França Francisco D. de , Oliveira Mychelle K. T. de
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Lettuce stands out as the main leafy vegetable consumed in Brazil, with divergence regarding adaptability to different environmental conditions, which include salinity. The objective of the work was to evaluate the response of lettuce cultivars to the use of saline wastewater from fish farming. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates, in a factorial 7 x 4, corresponding to seven cultivars (Regiane, Vera, Isabela, Elisa, Amelia, Lavinia and Angelina) and four salt concentrations (1.2, 2.2, 3.2 and 4.2 dS m-1). The evaluated characteristics were: number of leaves, leaf area, crown diameter and shoot fresh and dry matter. Diluted wastewater from fish farming can be used in the preparation of solution for fertigation of lettuce. The cultivars Regiane and Elisa had higher production of leaves and leaf area, while Amélia and Angelina were the most productive in terms of biomass. The cultivars Vera, Isabela, Amélia and Angelina were more tolerant to the salinity of the fertigation solution.
Soybean growth affected by seeding rate and mineral nitrogen
Authors: Werner Flávia , Balbinot Junior Alvadi A. , Ferreira André S. , Silva Marcelo A. de A. e , Debiasi Henrique , Franchini Julio C.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen (N) fertilization on plant growth in soybean cultivar with indeterminate growth habit. Two experiments were conducted in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, in a complete block design with split-plot scheme and six replicates. Four seeding rates (150, 300, 440 and 560 000 viable seeds ha-1) and two N doses (0 and 45 kg ha-1) were allocated in the plots and subplots, respectively. The cultivar NK7059 RR was used. The following traits were assessed: leaf, stem and total shoot dry matter, leaf/stem dry matter ratio, stem and leaf N content, SPAD index, plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant and grain yield. Soybean growth is not affected by the interaction of plant density and mineral N fertilization. Higher seeding rates increase plant dry matter in the initial development stages and reduce leaf/stem ratio and the number of branches per plant. The effects of N fertilization on soybean growth vary between growing seasons, but do not affect grain yield, even considering a wide range of seeding rates.
Moisture sorption isotherms of castor beans. Part 1: Mathematical modeling and hysteresis
Authors: Goneli André L. D. , Corrêa Paulo C. , Oliveira Gabriel H. H. de , Resende Osvaldo , Mauad Munir
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Sorption isotherms are of great importance in post-harvest procedures, especially for predicting drying and storage, which help to establish the final moisture content of the product under certain environmental condition. Hysteresis is a phenomenon that occurs due to the difference between adsorption and desorption curves, which aids the evaluation of chemical and microbiological deteriorations, indicating the stability of stored products. Moisture sorption isotherms of castor beans were determined and hysteresis was analyzed. Static gravimetric technique at different temperatures (25, 35, 45 and 55 ± 1 °C) was used. Saturated salt solutions in the range of 37-87% ± 2% were utilized to create the required controlled relative humidity environment. Equilibrium moisture content data were correlated by different mathematical models and the Modified Halsey model presented good adjustment for the data, according to statistical procedures. Hysteresis between adsorption and desorption isotherms is present over the range of 0.2-0.9 of water activity, regardless of the temperature. This phenomenon decreases with temperature increase.
Trace elements in Ultisol irrigated with landfill leachate and public-supply water
Authors: Coelho Daniela da C. L. , Batista Rafael O. , Mesquita Francisco O. , Silva Ketson B. da , Alves Sandra M. C. , Gurgel Marcelo T.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Landfill leachates have considerable amounts of organic matter and mineral nutrients and, when applied in environmentally adequate amounts, show fertilizing potential for the soil-plant system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of landfill leachate (LFL) and the public-supply water (PSW) depths on the contents of trace elements in an Ultisol. This work was carried out from April 21 to August 21, 2012, in split-split-plot scheme; LFL and PSW depths (T1 - 0 mm of LFL and 1067 mm of PSW; T2 – 60 mm of LFL and 1067 mm of PSW, T3 - 120 mm of LFL and 1067 of PSW, T4 - 180 mm of LFL and 1067 of PSW, and T5 - 240 mm of LFL and 1067 mm of PSW) in the plots, the analyzed layers (0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m) in the subplots and the sampling times (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) in the sub-subplots. Soil samples were collected every 30 days for 120 days to characterize the trace elements Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni. There was leaching of Pb, Cd and Ni in the Ultisol, while the T2 treatment was the most recommended to prevent contamination of groundwater.
Semiochemicals from plants and insects on the foraging behavior of Platygastridae egg parasitoids
Authors: Blassioli-Moraes Maria Carolina , Borges Miguel , Michereff Mirian Fernandes Furtado , Magalhães Diego Martins , Laumann Raúl Alberto
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this review was to summarize the current information about semiochemicals with potential to be applied in insect pest management in agroecosystems. One of the great challenges to Neotropical agriculture is to reduce the indiscriminate use of pesticides, which can be minimized by using semiochemicals, a tool that can be applied in the field to manage pests and their natural enemies. In addition, small lipophilic molecules from insects and from the secondary metabolism of plants play a fundamental role in the chemical communication of different species that are present in important crops.
Detecção, controle e prevenção de fotobacteriose em cultivo de bijupirá
Authors: Gonçalves Eduardo Luiz Tavares , Sanches Eduardo Gomes , Martins Maurício Laterça , Tsuzuki Monica Yumi
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a detecção, o controle e a prevenção de fotobacteriose em cultivo de bijupirá. Essa doença é causada pela bactéria Photobacterium damselae, que, juntamente com outros fatores, pode estar sendo responsável pela estagnação no crescimento da produção nacional de bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum). Essa bactéria é considerada um dos principais patógenos de peixes marinhos cultivados, tendo sido responsável por importantes prejuízos econômicos em diversos países. No Brasil, essa bactéria ainda não recebeu a devida importância, apesar de já ter sido detectada como causadora de mortalidades nos cultivos de bijupirá. Photobacterium damselae possui duas subespécies, piscicida e damselae, que podem ser consideradas ameaças sanitárias, respectivamente, em relação à atividade econômica da piscicultura marinha e em relação à saúde humana. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas algumas estratégias de detecção, controle e prevenção. Enfatiza-se, também, a necessidade de um melhor acompanhamento sanitário nos cultivos de bijupirá e a importância da vacinação contra esse patógeno.
Erradicação de fungos em germoplasma vegetal importado
Authors: Mendes Marta Aguiar Sabo , Urben Arailde Fontes , Gonzaga Vilmar , Mattos Flávia Lopes Fernandes
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os métodos utilizados para a erradicação dos fungos exóticos detectados em germoplasma vegetal importado. Foram utilizadas metodologias convencionais adaptadas na Estação Quarentenária Vegetal Nível 1, da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. No período de 1977 a 2013, foram analisados aproximadamente 300.000 acessos de germoplasma, procedentes de mais de 90 países, pertencentes a mais de 330 produtos diferentes. Dos 37 fungos exóticos detectados, destacam-se quatro espécies quarentenárias que pertencem à Lista de Pragas Quarentenárias Ausentes: Tilletia indica, Phoma exigua var. foveata, Periconia circinata e Dactuliochaeta glycines (Syn. Phoma glycinicola). As medidas fitossanitárias realizadas foram efetivas para a interceptação/erradicação desses patógenos. As metodologias empregadas são fundamentais para a liberação de material genético livre de pragas exóticas e favorecem o enriquecimento genético dos programas de melhoramento do Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária.
Interceptações de pragas quarentenárias e ausentes não regulamentadas em material vegetal importado
Authors: Lopes-da-Silva Marcelo , Benito Norton Polo , Sanches Marcio Martinello , Marques Abi Soares dos Anjos , Návia Denise , Gonzaga Vilmar , Mendes Marta Aguiar Sabo , Martins Olinda Maria , Urben Arailde Fontes , Fernandes Fernanda Rausch
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as informações qualitativas e quantitativas sobre as interceptações de pragas ausentes não regulamentadas e quarentenárias em material vegetal importado. As informações sobre interceptações de pragas pelo serviço de quarentena vegetal da Embrapa, no período de 1977 a 2013, foram obtidas em um banco de dados, atas laboratoriais e listas de interceptação publicadas. As interceptações foram analisadas de acordo com regulamentação das pragas, espécie vegetal, parte vegetal importada e origem. O material foi categorizado em sementes botânicas e material de propagação vegetativa. No período do levantamento, foram interceptadas 75 espécies de pragas em 114 eventos de interceptação. Fungos, vírus e ácaros constituem a maior parte das interceptações, e a maioria delas ocorreu em lírio, oliveira, trigo, uva, arroz, batata e maçã. A taxa média anual de infestação/infecção do material vegetal analisado é de 2% dos processos de importação. O material para propagação vegetativa apresentou maior taxa de infestação/infecção por pragas do que as sementes botânicas. Das espécies-pragas interceptadas, 63% não são regulamentadas como quarentenárias para o Brasil. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade premente de revisão da atual lista de pragas quarentenárias do País.
Quarantine facilities and legal issues of the use of biocontrol agents in Brazil
Authors: Sá Luiz Alexandre Nogueira de , Pessoa Maria Conceição Peres Young , Moraes Gilberto José de , Marinho-Prado Jeanne Scardini , Prado Simone de Souza , Vasconcelos Rosa Miriam de
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to address the classical biological control of pests in Brazil, regarding procedures to import and export native biological material. A brief introduction will be given on the current legal issues on the use of biocontrol agents, as well as some considerations on the existing quarantine pests and actions already carried out in the country. The safety in the introduction of exotic organisms is important for Brazilian phytosanitary defense and for a higher adoption of classical biocontrol, making it available for integrated pest management (IPM). Legal and normative aspects establish the procedures that must to be adopted, not only to protect bioprospecting and native organisms, but also to minimize risks to the national genetic patrimony associated with the introduction of exotic organisms. Furthermore, the import/export procedures adopted for vegetal and useful organisms for pest biological control and for other genetic material must be subjected to phytosanitary measures performed in government-certified quarantine facilities and diagnostic laboratories. Finally, the quarantine activities listed here are strategic for safeguarding the country from potential problems arising from border transit of living organisms.
Host-parasite relationship during Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora: Epistylididae) infestation in farmed cichlid and pimelodid fish
Authors: Pádua Santiago Benites de , Martins Maurício Laterça , Valladão Gustavo Moraes Ramos , Utz Laura , Zara Fernando José , Ishikawa Márcia Mayumi , Belo Marco Antonio de Andrade
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to describe the host-Epistylis sp. relationship during infestation on farmed fish. Five Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and ten hybrid surubim catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans), all diseased, were used for in vivo morphological analysis of sessile peritrichs by contrast microscopy. Fragments of infected tissues were subjected to histological processing and scanning electron microscopy. Epistylis sp. caused hemorrhagic ulcer disease, and cichlids were more prone to develop infestations throughout the body surface due to the attachment of the colonies to the scales, which did not occur with pimelodids. Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis was observed, associated with the hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and to ulcerative areas of necrosis. Microscopic examination showed the presence of bacterial microflora associated to Epistylis sp. peduncles. Therefore, this species can be considered a portal of entry for opportunistic bacteria.
Identification and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of a Brazilian population of Spodoptera cosmioides
Authors: Blassioli-Moraes Maria Carolina , Borges Miguel , Viana Amanda Rodrigues , Laumann Raúl Alberto , Miranda José Ednilson , Magalhães Diego Martins , Birkett Michael A.
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify the sex pheromone of Spodoptera cosmioides and to evaluate whether there is pheromone cross-attraction in Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Spodoptera cosmioides gland extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Wind tunnel and electrophysiology experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of gland compounds. In the field, different pheromone traps were tested: S. frugiperda commercial lure; (9Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc) and (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:OAc) trap; two females of S. cosmioides trap; and hexane control trap. Four acetates were identified in the S. cosmioides female gland extracts as Z9-14:OAc, Z9,E12-14:OAc, (11Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc) and hexadecyl acetate (16:OAc), but only the first two acetates induced electrophysiological responses from S. cosmioides male antennae. In wind tunnel experiments, S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda males responded more strongly to conspecific blends; however, there was some cross-attraction, as 47% males of S. frugiperda and 25% males of S. cosmioides responded to heterospecific blends. In field experiments, S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides showed the same response pattern as observed in the wind tunnel bioassays. In summary, the sex pheromone components of S. cosmioides are Z9-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14OAc; they are important for conferring species specificity, and there is pheromone-mediated cross attraction between S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides.
Identification of the B, Q, and native Brazilian biotypes of the Bemisia tabaci species complex using Scar markers
Authors: Queiroz Paulo Roberto , Martins Erica Soares , Klautau Nazaré , Lima Luzia , Praça Lilian , Monnerat Rose Gomes
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (Scar) markers to identify the B, Q, and native Brazilian biotypes of the sweet potato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)]. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplification products, exclusive to the B and Brazilian biotypes, were selected after the analysis of 12,000 samples, in order to design a specific Scar primer set. The BT-B1 and BT-B3 Scar markers, used to detect the B biotype, produced PCR fragments of 850 and 582 bp, respectively. The BT-BR1 Scar marker, used to identify the Brazilian biotype, produced a PCR fragment of 700 bp. The Scar markers were tested against the Q biotype, and a flowchart was proposed to indicate the decision steps to use these primers, in order to correctly discriminate the biotypes. This procedure allowed to identify the biotypes that occur in field samples, such as the B biotype. The used set of primers allowed to discriminate the B, Q, and native Brazilian biotypes of B. tabaci. These primers can be successfully used to identify the B biotype of B. tabaci from field samples, showing only one specific biotype present in all cultures.
Potential spread and economic impact of invasive Drosophila suzukii in Brazil
Authors: Benito Norton Polo , Lopes-da-Silva Marcelo , Santos Régis Sivori Silva dos
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to outline the potential distribution and economic impact of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a recent invasive pest, in Brazil. Two maps of the potential establishment of the species were drawn based on the ecoclimatic index (EI), which uses the following thermal requirements for the species: with thermal stress, most restrictive scenario for spread; and without thermal stress. The EI was classified into four ranges: unfavorable, ≤25%; less favorable, >25 to ≤50%; favorable, >50 to ≤75%; and highly favorable, >75%. Economic losses were estimated based on the most restrictive map. The highly favorable areas were overlapped with those of the maps of production data for each possible host (apple, grape, peach, persimmon, fig, and pear). Considering these six hosts, the overlap between the highly favorable and the production areas varied from 45.5% (grape) to 98.3% (apple). However, the monetary estimation of the potential losses in the worst case scenario (no control measures) was possible only for figs and peaches. Southern Brazil is the most climatically favorable area for D. suzukii development and where potential economic losses are expected to be the greatest. Maximum average temperatures (>30°C) are the main ecological factor to limit D. suzukii spread in Brazil.
Seleção de clones de braquiária para resistência à lagarta-do-cartucho
Authors: Auad Alexander Machado , Souza Sobrinho Fausto , Mendes Simone Martins , Toledo Antônio Marcos Oliveira , Lucindo Thiago de Souza , Benites Flavio Rodrigo Gantolfi
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e selecionar clones de braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis) resistentes à lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), para uso em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta. Foram avaliados 147 clones de U. ruziziensis em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Como testemunha e padrão de suscetibilidade, foi utilizada uma dieta artificial adequada ao desenvolvimento do inseto. Folhas dos diferentes clones de U. ruziziensis foram coletadas e oferecidas como alimento aos insetos, mantidos individualizados em unidades de criação. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência, a duração e a biomassa de lagartas e pupas. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os clones para todas as características avaliadas, o que evidencia a influência acentuada dos clones de U. ruziziensis no desenvolvimento de S. frugiperda. Foram identificados 20 clones nos quais não houve desenvolvimento da lagarta e 55 clones nos quais houve sobrevivência média das lagartas de 33%. Para os demais clones, que se mostraram melhores hospedeiros, o desenvolvimento do inseto foi afetado pela maior duração do estágio larval e pela redução da biomassa da pupa. Os resultados obtidos são indicativos do potencial de utilização de clones de Urochloa ruziziensis para redução de populações de Spodoptera frugiperda em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta.
Spatial forecasting of red palm mite in Brazil under current and future climate change scenarios
Authors: Navia Denise , Hamada Emília , Gondim Jr. Manoel Guedes Correa , Benito Norton Polo
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to predict the spatial distribution of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), in Brazil under current and future climate change scenarios. A mapping method of species distribution based on the geographic information system (GIS) was used. The maps were constructed taking into account ranges of favorability for temperature and relative humidity. Favorability levels were defined considering the available information on pest biology and population dynamics. To characterize the current climatic conditions, information was referenced to the climate normal from 1961 to 1990. Future scenarios for the models were the A2 and B1 gas emission scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, focusing on the periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100. The constructed maps showed that, for the reference period, Brazil presents extensive areas with favorable or very favorable conditions for the establishment of red palm mite populations. An increasing favorability was observed for future scenarios when compared with the reference period, indicating that the pest impact will worsen if it is already widely spread and causing damage in the country. Under current and future climate scenarios, most of the favorable and very favorable areas for red palm mite are in northeastern Brazil.