bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDYING A GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ROAD DESIGN
Authors: Ryabova O. V. , Skrypnikov A. V. , Kozlov V. G. , Tikhomirov P. V.
Published: March 2021

Statement of the problem. The state of theoretical studies in the field of engineering and landscape zoning is detailed. Results. The analysis made it possible to outline the goals, objectives and the general methodology of research and modeling of organization and planning processes for the construction of departmental roads considering micro-landscapes, varying degrees of complexity of road construction, value of natural resources, species qualities of a road area as well as to optimize the design process of departmental highways.Conclusions. The suggested comprehensive assessment of the natural and technogenic conditions for the construction of departmental highways is gaining economic, technical and environmental significance and can be employed as the basis for landscape design of departmental highways.
Change, Creation, and Unpredictability in Statutory Interpretation: Interpretive Canon Use in the Roberts Court's First Decade
Authors: Mendelson Nina
Published: March 2021

In resolving questions of statutory meaning, the lion’s share of Roberts Court opinions considers and applies at least one interpretive canon, whether the rule against surplusage or the presumption against state law preemption. This is part of a decades-long turn toward textualist statutory interpretation in the Supreme Court. Commentators have debated how to justify canons, since they are judicially created rules that reside outside the statutory text. Earlier studies have cast substantial doubt on whether these canons can be justified as capturing congressional practices or preferences; commentators have accordingly turned toward second-order justifications, arguing that canons usefully make interpretation constrained and predictable, supplying Congress with a stable interpretive background. Based on an extensive study tracking the use of over 30 interpretive canons in the first 10 years of the Roberts Court, this Article attempts to contribute evidence to the debate over canons.

The data raise substantial questions regarding stability and predictability. Despite a long tradition of use, some canons have essentially disappeared; meanwhile, the Court has created others out of whole cloth. In addition, application is erratic. The Roberts Court Justices have declined to apply even the most widely engaged canons 20–30% or more of the time, often for difficult-to-anticipate reasons; some well-known canons, such as the rule of lenity and the presumption against preemption, were applied roughly at a 50–50 rate. The story is worse in the many cases in which multiple canons are considered. Based on these and other findings, this Article accordingly argues that predictability and stability arguments cannot supply a firm foundation for canon use. The study also reveals troubling mismatches between canons actually in use and congressional staff acceptance of canons. The Article concludes by suggesting some future directions for investigation and reform.
State Action and the Constitution's Middle Band
Authors: Seidman Louis
Published: March 2021

On conventional accounts, the state action doctrine is dichotomous. When the government acts, constitutional limits take hold and the government action is invalid if those limits are exceeded. When the government fails to act, the state action doctrine leaves decisions to individuals, who are permitted to violate what would otherwise be constitutional constraints.

It turns out though that the modern state action doctrine creates three rather than two domains. There is indeed a private, inner band where there is thought to be insufficient government action to trigger constitutional constraints, but often there is also a public, outer band where there is too much state action for the Constitution to apply. The Constitution takes hold only in a middle band—the Goldilocks band—sandwiched between these two domains. For constitutional limitations to have force, the government must act just enough—but not too much.

This Article’s first aim is to identify and describe this puzzling structure. It also examines a variety of doctrinal principles that produce and, perhaps, justify the state action doctrine’s three bands. The Article then argues that these seemingly disparate principles are all related to the special constitutional problems produced by the emergence of the middle band of government regulation. Finally, the Article concludes with some brief speculation about whether the modern tripartite structure can survive.
ОБРАЗНОЕ ВАРЬИРОВАНИЕ ВО ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)
Authors: Юсупова С.М.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается образное варьирование во фразеологии на материале английского и немецкого языков, в частности – восприятие понятия безопасности в разных языках. Семантический и корпусный анализ идиом раскрывает культурную специфику образов, а также особенности влияния внутренней формы на актуальное значение и функционирование идиом в реальных контекстах употребления. Анализ семантики идиом, внутренней формы и актуального значения выявил, что безопасность описывается как отсутствие опасности, осторожность, уверенность, свобода, надежность.
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕТАФОРА В ЯЗЫКЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ ПРЕССЫ
Authors: Юсупова С.С.-А.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена политической метафоре во французской прессе. В ней даётся определение метафоры как полифункционального единства, отмечается значимость реализации в языке СМИ прагматической функции метафоры, выделяется частое обращение к военной метафоре в политических текстах. Анализ практического материала подтверждает популярность и активное использование политической метафоры как в печатных СМИ, так и в онлайн-изданиях.
СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ МОДАЛЬНОСТИ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Абубакарова Б.М. , Альмурзаева П.Х.
Published: March 2021

Языковая модальность как одна из широко рассматриваемых в последнее время категорий является важнейшим и наиболее актуальным явлением современной лингвистики. Данное явление характеризуется своей специфичностью и разнообразием мнений известных ученых.
В современном английском языке модальность выражается различными грамматическими, лексическими и интонационными средствами. Она является многоплановым, специфичным языковым выражением и имеет свои функциональные особенности.
ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «HOUSE» В РОМАНЕ «СОБСТВЕННИК» ДЖОНА ГОЛСУОРИ
Authors: Абуева М.С.-С. , Идигова Ф.И.
Published: March 2021

В настоящей статье проводится анализ концепта house (концепт «дом») на материале романа Джона Голсуорси «Собственник». Целью настоящей статьи является анализ особенностей содержания и вербализации концепта “house” в произведении Дж Голсуорси «Собственник», входящего в серию романов «Сага о Форсайтах». На основе исследования было выявлено, что в романе для семьи Форсайтов концепт «дом» прежде всего отражает статус его владельца, является инвестицией.
О НАУЧНОМ ТЕКСТЕ КАК ОБЪЕКТЕ ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА
Authors: Андреева О.С.
Published: March 2021

В работе дается обзор подходов к определению вербального текста и методологии его изучения. Рассматриваются трудности, связанные c выработкой определенной методики анализа научного текста. Анализируется степень применимости общенаучных, общефилологических и частных методов исследования художественного текста по отношению к тексту научному.
МЕСТО ПОСЛОВИЦ И ПОГОВОРОК НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА В СИСТЕМЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ
Authors: Арсаханова М.А.-Х.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена анализу немецких пословиц и поговорок. Рассмотрены и изучены особенности их употребления. В качестве практического материала использованы оригинальные и переводные тексты художественной литературы на немецком и русском языках. Результаты работы могут быть полезны изучающим и преподающим иностранные языки.
ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ФОРМА ЯЗЫКОВЫХ ЕДИНИЦ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ СПЕЦИФИКИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЯ
Authors: Абдукадырова Т.Т.
Published: March 2021

Целью данной статьи является научное осмысление методологических и теоретических проблем внутренней формы языковых единиц как проявление специфики национального мировоззрения.
Результатом исследования является вывод о том, что базовым постулатом, приближенным к современному пониманию внутренней формы слова, является язык как промежуточный мир между человеком и действительностью.
Таким образом, внутренняя форма, являясь основой мотивации, выполняет функцию соединительной цепочки между содержательной и формальной сторонами языкового знака. Она помогает выявить когнитивные и духовные особенности национальных языковых картин мира.
ИСТОЧНИКИ ПОЯВЛЕНИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ В НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Арсаханова М.А.-Х. , Терекбаева Х.И.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются понятие «фразеологизм», синонимические и антонимические отношения фразеологизмов, особенности, историческое происхождение и источники появления фразеологизмов, а также заимствование фразеологизмов из древнегреческой мифологии.
КОНЦЕПТ «СУДЬБА» В ЧЕЧЕНСКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Authors: Салатаева А.Х.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена анализу концепта «судьба» в чеченском и немецком языках. В ходе анализа были представлены синонимы к данному концепту, выявлены основные значения концепта «судьба» в обоих языках. Фразеологизмы и паремиологические высказывания как нельзя лучше помогают увидеть общие черты и различия восприятия данного концепта в этих абсолютно разных языках. Чеченцы и немцы свою мудрость и накопленные знания применяли, оттачивали, хранили и передавали через устойчивые паремиологические обороты. Понятие «судьба» является национальным духовно-культурным источником глубокого философско-религиозного воззрения чеченцев и немцев на реальную действительность.
КАТЕГОРИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ ГЛАГОЛА В ЧЕЧЕНСКОМ И АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Authors: Хациев И.Д. , Адамов А.М.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу категорий временных форм глагола в таких языках, как английский, чеченский. Посредством сопоставительного анализа на основе лингвистических знаний можно будет создать совершенно новый подход к изучению английского языка для носителей чеченского языка. Данный метод основывается на сравнении английского языка с чеченским, что значительно упростит изучение языка для чеченцев. Открывается всё больше и больше школ для изучения английского языка, но, к сожалению, этот язык преподается в большинстве случаев на русском языке, то есть грамматику сравнивают лишь с русским языком. Однако чеченский язык имеет больше общего с английским языком, нежели русский, в частности в грамматике временных форм глагола.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ «ЕДА» В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Шамилева Р.Д. , Ильясов И.М.
Published: March 2021

В статье представлен краткий экскурс изучения вопросов происхождения и развития фразеологизмов c компонентом «еда» в английском языке; даны определения и основные характеристики фразеологических единиц. В статье рассматриваются как устоявшиеся в английском языке фразеологизмы, так и появившиеся недавно.
Motyw „wieśnej rycerki”, czyli światowe sprawy pani wrony w twórczości Mikołaja Reja
Authors: Zagożdżon-Łyszczarz Joanna
Published: March 2021

The subject of the article is the symbolism of the crow considered against the background of the old encyclopedic tradition. The comparison of erudite content in the field of natural history with fragmentsof Mikołaj Rej’s works brings interesting insights. It turns out that the crow occupies a prominent place in the allegorical zoo of Reja. Allegoric interpretations related to the theme of this bird in Nagłowiczanin’s works do not go beyond the traditionally accepted interpretations. Unpleasant croaking, raven exterior, or even the crow’s thieving habits did not deprive her of universal friendliness. Already in Aesop’s fairy tales you can admire the extraordinary cunning and thrift of this bird. She has always surprised everyone with her ingenuity and resourcefulness. In the works of the Fathers of the Church, as well as in bestiaries, one can find information about the exemplary performance of crows in their parental duties. The cycle of motifs and symbolic images from the world of nature mentioned here served to reflect on the secrets of human nature. No wonder that the nature of the "village knight" became for Rej an emblem of acceptance of his existence. People like her should enjoy small and seemingly insignificant things. Striving for perfection should not obscure the sense of happiness combined with gratitude for the countless gifts that the Creator has given man.
Refleksja o botanicznym starodruku ks. Krzysztofa Kluka, czyli o przypadku zawieszenia oświeceniowej literatury między czeskim piwem, polską nauką a litewskim przysłowiem
Authors: Albiniak Andrzej , Albiniak Elżbieta s. Monika
Published: March 2021

In the third volume of the botanical thesis, which was first published in 1779, priest Krzysztof Kluk expressed a positive opinion about czech hops. Because priest Kluk’s work became one of the basic sources of knowledge of agriculture among the wealthy gentry, opinions expressed by him formed views about botanical advantages and the economical usefullness of czech hog. The role of priest Kluk’s studies in Lithuania was so great, that a proverb came there into being „that one can’t be a good host, who doesn’t have Kluk’s work”. According to its message, the possesion of books of a specific author was an essential condition to success in agricultural activity.
Трансформації комедії дель арте в контексті сучасного стильового синтезу (на матеріалі п`єси Л. Петрушевської «Квартира Коломбіни»)
Authors: Babenko Waleria
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the features of comedy dell’arte, the laws of poetic techniques and stylistic synthesis. Attention is drawn to the style and genre of the play, a synthesis of the principles of postmodernism, modernism, neo-baroque. The main artistic means of comedy dell’arte are analyzed. The study showed that the basic aesthetic principles of commedia dell’arte are reduced to an aesthetic system that contains three essential elements: first, the theater is held by a professional actor who is fully committed to the theater; secondly, the influence of theater is stronger through the synthesis of arts: plastic, music, dance and words; third, the soul of the play is action.
Apolonia Gojawiczyńska a Bielsk Podlaski
Authors: Noworolska Barbara
Published: March 2021

The researcher analyses the work of Apolonia (called: Pola) Gojawiczyńska (1896–1963), a writer, independence activist, one of the most popular Polish artists of the interwar period. Her works contain psychological and socio-moral themes related to the advance of the proletarian and petty bourgeoisie community of Warsaw and Upper Silesia. The article focuses on the period when the writer lived in Bielsk Podlaski.
Czy Jerzy Pilch lubił Jana Pawła II? Karol Wojtyła w utworach pisarza o protestanckich korzeniach i w ich adaptacjach
Authors: Kulczycka Dorota
Published: March 2021

The Author of the paper examines the phenomenon of references to the Polish Pope in works of the writer with evangelical roots. She scrutinizes the mentions about John Paul II in such pieces, as: Narty Ojca Świętego (The Holy Father's Skis), Spis cudzołożnic (List of adulteresses), Pod Mocnym Aniołem (The Mighty Angel) etc. The article, with its comparative approach, shows – in terms of the relevant issue – similarities and differences between Pilch's texts and their film adaptations and screenings.
Żywioł ziemi jako siła poezjotwórcza w wybranych utworach Eugeniusza Tkaczyszyna-Dyckiego
Authors: Trusewicz Szymon
Published: March 2021

The article is an interpretation of works by Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki focused on the earth element as a poetic force. The motif of the stone is realized in this poetry as the image of the element, referring to the perception of existence in its cosmic and geological forms, as well as in the concrete and local form of the Bruśnie stone. This allows to characterize the poetic imagination of Tkaczyszyn-Dycki as both inspired by the material properties of stone, as well as the culture and history of Lubaczowszczyzna. The poet can be characterized as creatively transforming the cultural, ecological and geological landscape of an autobiographical site.
Towiański z innej perspektywy
Authors: Biergiel-Techmańska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The article is a review of a text entitled ‘Andrzej Towiański (1799–1878). Ein religiöser Reformer im europäischen Kontext seiner Zeit’ by Marlis Lami, published in Vienna in 2019. The text consits of 309 pages. The book describes the world of Andrzej Towiański who was a Polish religious reformer. In her work, the author shows how the reformer’s ideas spread across Europe. The author focuses on the Writings of Towiański himself [German Schriften] as well as on the opinions of his contemporaries, including the critical one. Andrzej Towiański is also the founder of the Circle of God’s Cause [Polish Koło Sprawy Bożej] established in 1841. The work should be also published in Polish and open to wider audience.
ÉTICA Y DERECHO EN LA REVOLUCIÓN DIGITAL
Authors: Ausín Txetxu , Robles Carrillo Margarita
Published: March 2021

La digitalización y sus tecnologías asociadas, como la IA y la ciencia de datos masivos, incorporan una moralidad —aunque solo sea por su enorme poder transformador— de la que tenemos que hacernos cargo (responsabilizarnos) por las vías de la ética y del derecho. Ética y Derecho son dos instrumentos diferentes pero altamente Interdependientes para abordar los bienes y deberes en torno a la digitalización y sus muchas oportunidades —por ejemplo para la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible— y, a la vez, los enormes desafíos que se plantean para la propia identidad y relaciones humanas, los derechos y la política.
¿CUARTA REVOLUCIÓN INDUSTRIAL? EL RETO DE LA DIGITALIZACIÓN Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y ANTROPOLÓGICAS.
Authors: Fernández Mateo Joaquín
Published: March 2021

Los procesos de digitalización iniciados en la Tercera Revolución Industrial han dado paso a un ecosistema tecnológico caracterizado por la conectividad, la innovación, la flexibilidad y la automatización. Este nuevo ecosistema, que algunos autores llaman la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, tiene importantes consecuencias para el medio ambiente y el empleo. En consecuencia, la transformación digital puede facilitar o limitar el logro de las metas planteadas en la Agenda 2030. Este artículo analiza de forma descriptiva dos efectos de la Revolución 4.0. Por un lado, las consecuencias ambientales de la digitalización. Por otro, las consecuencias laborales y antropológicas de los procesos de flexibilidad e innovación que las nuevas metodologías asociadas a la digitalización implantan. Por último, la descripción se vuelve crítica al demostrar que estos procesos no solo transforman la industria, sino que tienen consecuencias profundas en el carácter y la identidad humana.
DESAFÍOS ÉTICOS EN LA APLICACIÓN DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL A LOS SISTEMAS DE LA DEFENSA
Authors: Moliner González Juan A.
Published: March 2021

La Inteligencia Artificial se vislumbra actualmente como el más disruptivo de los avances tecnológicos de la Revolución Digital en curso. En la intensa competición por obtener la supremacía en el tablero geoestratégico internacional y, entre muchas otras consideraciones, la ética está comenzando a desempeñar un papel cada vez más relevante.

En el ámbito de la Defensa, el patrón siempre ha sido, y lo sigue siendo, la incorporación de nuevos desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos en las capacidades militares, tratando de mantener la superioridad sobre rivales y competidores. Algunos de esos progresos, como los Sistemas de Armas Letales Autónomos y otras capacidades militares, que utilizan la Inteligencia Artificial como guía directora, presentan problemas éticos que deben ser considerados no solo por los Estados y sus Fuerzas Armadas, sino también por todos
aquellos implicados en su investigación y desarrollo, como los ingenieros y fabricantes.
al-Wasâil al-Ta’lîmiyah fî Ta’lîm Mahârah al-Istimâ’
Authors: Halim Muhammad Rifqi
Published: March 2021

Media in a learning is among the very important elements in addition to other learning elements such as material, methods and objectives. Media has an important role in realizing learning objectives, with the use of learning media can be efficient and effective. In this paper, the researcher tries to explain about learning media specifically that can be applied in teaching listening skills. Many of the learning media can be used to carry out and streamline learning in listening skills. This type of research is included in qualitative descriptive research or literature research, the research data is the result of studies or information from books and other written works. The learning media that can be applied in teaching listening skills are video media, loudspeakers (with cable and cellular), radio, CD-ROM, acting, face-to-face conversation, educational TV, audio cassettes and language labs.
Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menulis (Maharah al-Kitabah) dalam Bahasa Arab
Authors: Munawarah Munawarah , Zulkiflih Zulkiflih
Published: March 2021

Writing skill (maharah al-kitabah) is the highest skill of the four language skills. Writing is an activity that has a relationship with thought processes and expression skills in the form of writing. Judging from the aspect of Arabic proficiency, writing can be said to be a very complex activity, because it requires the ability to organize and organize ideas coherently and logically, as well as the ability to present writing in a variety of written languages and different writing rules. This writing activity is difficult for students, because it requires several skills, namely skills in forming letters and mastering spelling and the skills to generate thoughts and feelings in the form of Arabic writing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the objectives and principles of learning writing skills and writing skills learning techniques to help students understand the material and achieve the goals of learning writing skills (Maharah al-kitabah). This paper tries to explain the theory of learning writing skills scientifically which includes the understanding of writing skills (maharah al-kitabah), the objectives of learning writing skills (maharah al-kitabah), the principles of learning writing skills (maharah al-kitabah) and skills learning techniques. write (maharah al-kitabah) in Arabic.
Landscape Forms and Current Geomorphological Processes in the Southern Part of Broumov Basin and in the Bohemian Part of Table Mountains (Sheet 04-34 Martínkovice)
Authors: Demek Jaromír , Kopecký Jiří
Published: March 2021

Geomorphological conditions of the Broumov Basin and the Bohemian part of the Table Mountains, East Bohemia, are described in this article. Current geomorphological processes in the Martínkovický potok (Martínkovice Creek) catchment are analyzed (gully erosion, landslides). Detailed geomorphological map is included.
Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains: Possible Restrictions on Use
Authors: Buzek Ladislav
Published: March 2021

As much as 80 % of drinking water for Ostrava Metropolitan Area comes from surface sources. Lack of water occurred in the post-war years when industrialization was in progress and the drinking water quality deteriorated significantly. As a result, two drinking water reservoirs have been constructed in the central part of Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.: Šance Reservoir on the upper course of Ostravice and Morávka Reservoir on the river of same name. Both are situated in a mountainous terrain amidst deep forests. At present, however, reservoirs are threatened by siltation due to increased soil erosion.
SB4ER: an ELIXIR Service Bundle for Epidemic Response
Authors: SAVOJARDO CASTRENSE , Martelli Pier Luigi , Babbi Giulia , Anteghini Marco , Manfredi Matteo , Madeo Giovanni , Capriotti Emidio , Bayjanov Jumamurat R. , Mutarelli Margherita , Casadio Rita
Published: March 2021

Epidemic spread of new pathogens is quite a frequent event that affects not only humans but also animals and plants, and specifically livestock and crops. In the last few years, many novel pathogenic viruses have threatened human life. Some were mutations of the traditional influenza viruses, and some were viruses that crossed the animal-human divide.In both cases, when a novel virus or bacterial strain for which there is no pre-existing immunity or a vaccine released, there is the possibility of an epidemic or even a pandemic event, as the one we are experiencing today with COVID-19.In this context, we defined an ELIXIR Service Bundle for Epidemic Response: a set of tools and workflows to facilitate and speed up the study of new pathogens, viruses or bacteria. The final goal of the bundle is to provide tools and resources to collect and analyse data on new pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and their relation to hosts (humans, animals, plants).
Meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia kelas XI MIA MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Timur dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning
Authors: Jami Jami
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia materi asam dan basa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL).

Metodologi: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan melakukan beberapa siklus dalam proses pembelajaran. Terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian kali ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIA yang berjumlah 27 orang. Lokasi penelitian berada di MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Timur. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes tertulis dan lembar observasi.

Temuan utama: Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIA pada mata pelajaran kimia materi asam dan basa hingga mencapai kriteria ketuntasan yang ditetapkan. Hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh pada tahap pra siklus yang belum menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) hasil evaluasinya siswa masih jauh darikriteria ketuntasan yang diharapkan, yaitu 54,76. Dengan siswa yang lulus hanya 5 siswa dari keseluruhan 27 siswa. Kemudian dilakukan siklus I dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL), nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa adalah 71,26 dengan siswa yang telah lulus sebanyak 14 siswa dan yang tidak lulus sebanyak 13 siswa. Pada siklus II selanjutnya, hasil evaluasi yang diperoleh adalah 81,52 dengan jumlah siswa yang lulus sebanyak 23 siswa, dan yang tidak lulus sebanyak 4 siswa. Sehingga peneliti menghentikan penelitian pada siklus II karena telah mencapai kriteria ketuntasan yang diharapkan.

Keterbaruan peneltian: Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, bahwa model pembelajaran PBL dapat secara efektif dilakukan terlebih pada mata pelajaran kimia.
Mengabdi Bersama Menuju Masyarakat Sehat
Authors: Winarti Rahayu
Published: March 2021

Kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal dapat diwujudkan dengan baik apabila didukung oleh peran serta masyarakat.  Upaya kesehatan dapat dilaksanakan secara mandiri dan optimal untuk meningkatkan fungsi kehidupan dengan mengutamakan upaya peningkatan kesehatan, pencegahan secara berkesinambungan dengan tetap memperhatikan upaya pengobatan dan rehabilitasi. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman serta ketrampilan masyarakat untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan yang dialaminya, meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang bahaya komplikasi penyakit degeneratif dan pemeriksaan kesehatan untuk penyakit tidak menular terutama pada lansia.  Kegiatan dilaksanakan  kurang lebih selama 6 bulan dengan peserta yaitu kader posyandu kelurahan kedungpane dan warga masyarakat  khususnya di RW 5. Metode  kegiatan  yang  dilaksanakan adalah (1)Metode ceramah dengan sesi tanya jawab menggunakan media presentasi power point tentang penyakit degeneratif yaitu hipertensi, asam urat, gula darah dan kolesterol, (2)Mendemontrasikan cara pengukuran tekanan darah ke kader posyandu lansia  (3)Melakukan pemeriksaan  kesehatan gratis dan pendidikan kesehatan yang meliputi pemeriksaan  tekanan darah, asam urat, gula darah  dan kolesterol  secara gratis. Hasil Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah  meningkatnya  kemandirian  dan kesadaran masyarakat  tentang  bahaya komplikasi penyakit degeneratif  melalui deteksi dini, skrining dan meningkatnya kemampuan kader posyandu lansia  dalam melakukan pemeriksaan pengukuran tekanan darah . Warga yang hadir dan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pemeriksaan gratis adalah 70 orang. Hasil kegiatan  deteksi dini  yaitu terdapat 50 orang yang tercatat mengalami hipertensi, 30 orang tercatat mengalami hipertensi dengan asam urat., 20 orang mengalami  hipertensi dengan gula darah tinggi dan 20 orang mengalami peningkatan kolesterol.
Island Communities’ Viability in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russian Arctic: The Role of Livelihoods and Social Capital
Authors:   Nordland Research Institute and Nord University, Bodø, Norway, OLSEN Julia , NENASHEVA Marina V. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia, HOVELSRUD Grete K. ,   Nord University and Nordland Research Institute, Bodø, Norway, WOLLAN Gjermund ,   Nord University, Bodø, Norway
Published: March 2021

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, local communities have been adapting to new political and socioeconomic realities. These changes have prompted dramatic outmigration among rural populations, especially in the Russian Arctic. Despite these changes, some communities remain viable, with some residents exploring new economic opportunities. This study uses findings from qualitative interviews to understand what factors shape community viability, interviewing residents and relevant regional stakeholders in two case areas in the Arkhangelsk oblast: the Solovetsky Archipelago in the White Sea and islands in the delta of the Northern Dvina River. The results indicate that community viability and the reluctance of community members to leave their traditional settlements are shaped by livelihoods, employment opportunities, and social capital. Social capital is characterized by such empirically identified factors as shared perceptions of change and a willingness to address changes, place attachment, and local values. We conclude that further development or enhancement of community viability and support for local livelihoods also depends on 1) bottom-up initiatives of engaged individuals and their access to economic support and 2) top-down investments that contribute to local value creation and employment opportunities.
Verkhoyansk Secondary School — the Oldest School in the Far North: The Beginning of a Long Journey
Authors:   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Yakutsk, Russia, STAROSTIN Vladimir P.
Published: March 2021

In this article, the author shares the results of his research on the history of the city of Verkhoyansk — one of the oldest cities in the Far North of Russia. The city was founded by the Russian Cossack Postnik Ivanov in 1638. The school, which was opened two and a half centuries later, has its own history, as interesting as the city itself: it reflects almost all the events that took place in such a distant time in the Arctic coast of the Arctic, in Yakutia, in Russia. Despite the fact that the city is one of the smallest for its population, however, the founders of the school, its teachers and alumni were involved in many historical events, facts that made the fame and pride of place, has contributed to the development of their region, their country. Today we will get acquainted with the earliest period — the time of the Foundation and creation of the school as one of the main points of enlightenment of the vast territory lying to the North of the Verkhoyansk ridges. As it turned out, despite the long-standing interest in this place on the part of domestic and foreign historians, sociologists, and ethnographers, this period still remains a blank spot in history: we still do not know many participants in these events, there is no reliable data about some facts. The author has to be content with fragmentary information, give his own interpretation and explanation.
EKSISTENSI HAK ANAK HASIL PERKAWINAN SIRI DALAM PERPEKTIF HUKUM
Authors: Muis Lidya Shery
Published: March 2021

Eksistensi keberadaan nikah siri yang terjadi hingga hari ini wajib mendapatkan perhatian serius, mengingat terjadi pembiaran yang di lakukan oleh Negara nantinya akan menjadi kebiasaan sehingga menjadi budaya yang tidak mendidik generasi muda. Polemic yang terjadi mengenai kekuatan putusan Perkara nomor 46/PUUVII/2010 hanya mengesahkan status dan kedudukan anak dari suatu pernikahan akan tetapi tidak memberikan tafsiran mengenai larangan atau batasan mengenai keberadaan nikah siri atau memiliki anak diluar perkawinan. Serta Eksistensi keberadaan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang persoalan hubungan keperdataan anak perlu di tinjau kembali menginggat Negara mengakui dan memberikan perlindungan keberadaan anak yang di buktikan dengan “asal-usul seorang anak pengakuan secara sah secara hukum merupakan langkah yang revolusioner akan tetapi pengakui sah negara terhadap anak perlu di gali kembali menginggat bagaimana mungkin Negara dapat mengakui anak dari suatu pernikahan yang tidak di lakukan secara sah menurut hukum yang berlaku, pengakui agama dari suatu pernikahan siri seyogyannya mengikat secara agama, akan tetapi yang terjadi pernikahan  secara siri (agama) tetapi konsekuensinya ketika mumpunyai anak mengikat secara hukum Seyogyannya pembaruan hukum atau regulasi dilaksankan dengan berabgai pertimbangan dan permasalahan yang terjadi dengan melihat hukum progresif dan penerapan pembentukan moralitas bangsa yang terjadi hingga hari ini, maka eksistensi dari keberadaan Undang Undang No 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan sudah tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
Paradigma Yuridis Kemanfaatan dan Kepatutan suatu Produk Hukum yang Mengalami Kebatalan Mutlak
Authors: Mahanani Anajeng Esri Edhi
Published: March 2021

Produk hukum dibentuk untuk menjawab suatu permasalahan hukum di masyarakat. Dalam pembentukan produk hukum, harus dilihat syarat materiil dan formil sebagai dasar penyusunannya. Atas tidak terpenuhinya syarat-syarat tersebut, kemungkinan adanya klausul dinyatakan bahwa produk hukum tersebut batal, menjadi sangat kuat. Salah satu dampak tidak terpenuhinya syarat materiil suatu produk hukum adalah adanya upaya pembatalan mutlak. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji sisi kemanfaatan dan kepatutan suatu produk hukum yang mengalami kebatalan mutlak. Penelitian ini mengambil simpulan bahwa terdapat sisi positif dan negatif yang dapat dilihat berdasar teori utilitarianisme dan equity dari pembatalan mutlak suatu produk hukum.
Response of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] Varieties to Plant Spacing under Irrigation at Gewane, Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tehulie Nuru Seid , Fikadu Tarikua , Purba Jhon Hardy
Published: March 2021

Production of mungbean has been increasing in Ethiopia because of its high importance as a source of protein and foreign exchange earnings. Determination of appropriate plant density for the varieties of mungbean can increase its productivity. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield components and yield of mung bean varieties under irrigation. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three inter row spacing (30, 40, and 50 cm), three-intra row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm) and two mungbean varieties (N-26 and MH-97) laid out in randomized complete block design with three Replications. The main effect of varieties, inter row spacing and intra row spacing was highly significant and significant on plant height, secondary branch and where the longest plant height (41.71 cm) was for variety MH-97 and from 5 cm intra row spacing, respectively and maximum number of secondary branch was recorded for variety MH-97 (8.91) and from 15cm intra row and 50cm inter row spacing, respectively.  The interaction effect of the variety, inter and intra row spacing was highly significant on number of primary branch per plant, number of pod per plant and crop stand count percentage where the highest number of primary branches (7.00) was recorded from variety MH-97 at 50 cm inter row spacing and highest number pods per plant (30.15) were recorded for variety MH-97 at 40 cm inter row and (31.34) at 15cm intra row spacing. Where the highest crop stand count at harvest were recorded from variety MH-97  (97.00%) at 40 cm inter row spacing .The main effect of inter row spacing and intra row spacing were highly significant and significant on above ground dry biomass and the highest above ground dry biomass at inter row spacing of 30 cm ( 5968.8 kg ha-1) and intra row spacing 5cm 6145.9 kg ha-1).The main effect of variety, inter-row and intra-row spacing were highly significant on harvest index and grain yield where the highest harvest index was from variety MH-97 (20.91%), inter row spacing of 40 cm which give (21.18%) and intra row spacing 10 cm which give  (20.30%) and the highest grain yield from Variety MH-97 (1117.94 kg ha-1), inter row spacing 40 cm (1213.75 kg ha-1) and intra row spacing 10 cm which give (1151.67 kg ha-1) However, this tentative generalization based one season at one location requires further studies over years and locations to give a valid recommendation.
Strategi Pemasaran Jagung Hibrida Sebagai Program Unggulan Daerah di Kecamatan Cina, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Dahliana A. Besse , Tahir Rahmawati
Published: March 2021

Permasalahan yang dihadapi petani jagung di Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone adalah keterbatasan pengetahuan petani masih menanam varietas lokal, kurangnya informasi pasar masih bergantung kepada pedagang, belum adanya mitra tetap, seperti koperasi atau sektor swasta,  permodalan dalam menunjang tanaman jagung, kurangnya inovasi, kreatif dan diversifikasi produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang menjadi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman dalam pemasaran jagung hibrida dan untuk menjelaskan strategi prioritas yang dapat digunakan dalam penjualan jagung hibrida di Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis SWOT dengan teknik sampel menggunakan purposive sampling berjumlah 48 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik  pelaku usaha jagung hibrida masih pada proses open market negotiation dengan peran masing-masing yakni petani berperan sebagai pelaku usaha tanaman jagung, pedagang berperan sebagai perantara pemasaran dan penyedia modal dan transportasi, pergudangan serta menyediakan informasi dari pelanggan. Oleh karena itu konsep pengembangan diarahkan untuk mewujudkan pertanian yang produktif, efisien dan kompetitif. Untuk itu diperlukan penguatan sub-sistem hulu, pemberdayaan subsistem tanaman jagung, memperkuat sub-sistem hilir, membentuk lembaga usaha bersama (koperasi). Dimana dapat meningkatnya income generating petani selain farm; marketing dan adanya kerja sama yang jelas antara petani dan perusahaan dalam hal ini mitra sehingga harga yang ditawarkan jelas.
Study of The Carrying Capacity of The Environment Case Study: The Simanindo Area, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Irawan Diki Surya , Sari Deffi Ayu Puspito , Putriahalya Rr. Alifianatifa Anandya
Published: March 2021

Lake Toba area has been designated a National Strategic Area, which is a priority spatial planning area. The Simanindo Area is a sub-district in Samosir Regency which is an island in the middle of Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Lake Toba's current condition has been polluted by organic contamination and high free chlorine. In addition, the existence of fish farming activities or floating net cages that contribute to the contamination of phosphorus by 0.78 mg/l and free chlorine by 0.84 mg/l into Lake Toba which resulted in the need for studies on the carrying capacity and environmental capacity. Land carrying capacity can be calculated by comparing the availability of land with land requirements. While the carrying capacity of water can be calculated by comparing the availability of water with water requirements or using the Thornwaite Mather Water Balance method. Land Capacity can be calculated by the Land Endurance Unit. While the Capacity of Waters can be calculated by STORET analysis or calculation of domestic waste pollution load. The existence of a massive development plan for Simanindo area and rapid population growth is projected to cause the Land Support Capacity of the Simanindo Priority Zone to be conditionally safe in 2040. Water Carrying Capacity experienced a deficit in the atmosphere in July after being calculated with the Thornwaite Mather Water Balance. In addition, the Capacity of Water Bodies is also in the Status of Severe Pollution according to the STORET Method.
Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Sekam Padi Menjadi Briket Arang Sekam untuk Menambah Pendapatan Petani di Desa Sukamaju, Jawa Barat
Authors: Sutisna Nanang Ali , Rahmiati Filda , Amin Grace
Published: March 2021

Salah satu upaya untuk menambah pendapatan para petani adalah dengan mengolah limbah padi menjadi suatu produk yang memiliki nilai jual seperti arang sekam atau briket. Arang sekam memiliki banyak manfaat baik di dunia pertanian maupun untuk kebutuhan industri. Sekam padi dari hasil panen yang berlimpah, oleh sebagian petani biasanya dibakar untuk dijadikan pupuk, ada juga yang dijual langsung dengan harga yang sangat murah. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, muncul ide untuk membuat alat-alat untuk memproses sekam padi menjadi produk yang bernilai jual lebih tinggi,  yaitu untuk pembakaran sekam menjadi arang sekam yang kemudian diolah lebih lanjut menjadi produk akhir berupa briket. Briket arang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan memasak, penerangan, maupun industri. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengadakan pertemuan dengan komunitas petani di Desa Sukamaju, Kecamatan Tambelang, Kabupaten Bekasi untuk mengetahui kondisi dilapangan dan mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan. Proses berikutnya adalah merancang dan membuat alat pembuat arang sekam dan mesin pencetak arang sekam menjadi briket. Rancangan alat pembuat arang dilakukan untuk membuat arang dengan mempertimbangkan aliran udara saat pengarangan agar menghasilkan waktu yang lebih cepat dan mengurangi penyebaran asap, sedangkan pada perancangan mesin cetak briket arang dilakukan perhitungan kekuatan komponen mesin cetak yang diperlukan.  Setelah alat yang dibutuhkan selesai, dilakukan uji coba alat dan hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa proses pembuatan arang membutuhkan waktu 20-30 menit untuk 10 kg sekam. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan komponen mesin cetak menunjukkan bahwa mesin cetak aman untuk digunakan. Hasil observasi menemukan bahwa saat ini sekam dihargai Rp 1000 per kg, dan arang sekam Rp 3000 sampai Rp 5000 per kg, sedangkan harga jual briket arang sekam bisa mencapai Rp 15.000 per kg. Dengan demikian, pengolahan sekam padi menjadi briket arang secara ekonomis akan lebih menguntungkan bagi para petani.
The Issue of Personnel Logistics in the Institute of Red Professors in the 1920s
Authors: Никуленкова Е.В.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема обеспечения преподавателями в 1920-е годы нового учебного заведения — Института красной профессуры, созданного в 1921 году для подготовки новых научно-педагогических марксистских кадров — «красных профессоров». Помимо крупных ученых-большевиков, таких как историки М. Н. Покровский, Н. М. Лукин, В. П. Волгин,
в Институте работали и бывшие меньшевики — историк Н. А. Рожков, философы А. М. Деборин
и Л. И. Аксельрод, экономист И. И. Рубин. Руководство Института красной профессуры пыталось привлечь к преподаванию крупных партийных деятелей, что в силу их загруженности не удалось
и поэтому пришлось обратиться к старой беспартийной профессуре. В 1920-е годы в Институте работали многие крупные беспартийные ученые: историки А. Н. Савин, Е. А. Косминский, А. Е. Пресняков, экономисты П. И. Лященко, И. А. Трахтенберг и др. Во второй половине 1920-х годов проблема преподавателей была решена за счет выпускников этого института.

The article focuses on the problem of staffing a novel educational institution, namely the Institute of Red Professors in the 1020s. The Institute of Red Professors was established in 1921 to prepare Marxist ideologists, the so called “red professors”. The institute employed not only prominent Bolshevik scholars and scientists, such as M. N. Pokrovsky, N. M. Lukin, V. P. Volgin, but also the former Menshiviks, such as historian N. A. Rozhkov, philosophers A. M. Deborin and L. I. Akselrod, economist I. I. Rubin. The managers of the Institute hoped to employ prominent members of the Bolshevik party, but, since the latter were exceptionally busy, the institute had to employ unaffiliated professors. In the 1920s the Institute of Red Professors employed many prominent unaffiliated scholars and scientists: historians A. N. Savin, E. A. Kosminsky, A. E. Presnyakov, economists P. I. Lyashchenko. I. A. Trakhtenberg, and others. In the second half of the 1920s the staffing problem was solved by employing the graduates of the institute.
Characteristic of TiO2-SiO2 Nanofluid With Water/Ethylene Glycol Mixture for Solar Application
Authors: Fikri Mohd Amiruddin , Faizal Wan Mohd , Adli Hasyiya Karimah , Mamat Rizalman , Azmi Wan Hamzah , Abdul Majid Zafri Azran , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar
Published: March 2021

Solar energy is a sustainable energy supply technology due to the renewable nature of solar radiation and the ability of solar energy conversion systems to generate greenhouse gas-free heat and electricity during their lifetime. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the effect of hybrid nanofluids on heat transfer for solar application. An experiment was conducted for hybrid nanofluid concentrations starting from 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0%. Each setup was exposed to short wavelength radiation under a solar simulator with 300, 500 and 700 W/m2 for 30 minutes, of which 15 minutes is the heating period and the next 15 minutes is for cooling. For solar radiation of 300 W/m2 within 15 minutes of charging process are 51.9 °C, 52.8 °C, 53.4 °C and 54.2 °C for concentration of nanofluids 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0% respectively. The results for solar radiation of 500 and 700 W/m2 within 15 minutes almost the same pattern which is increasing during the charging process. It can be concluded that the higher concentrations of nanofluid give ample time to the test tube to transfer the heat and thus increased its temperature during the charging process.
Difference in Time of Audible Sound Exposure to Chlorella DPK-01 in Tubular Photobioreactors: A Strategy to Improve Photobioreactor System
Authors: Nauli Tambunan Rubiantin Mesha , Santoso Yosua Adi , Soekirno Santoso , Nasruddin  , Prihantini Nining Betawati
Published: March 2021

The cultivation of Chlorella DPK-01 in tubular photobioreactors (PBRs) with difference in time of audible sound exposure was done. The study aims to evaluate the effect of difference in time of audible sound exposure in tubular PBRs to the growth and lipid percentage of microalgae Chlorella DPK-01. This study was using three groups of Chlorella DPK-01 PBRs. One group was control group and not exposed to any sound (Control-PBR), one group was exposed to audible sound in the light (PBR-A), and another group was exposed to audible sound in the dark (PBR-B). Each group consists of three units of PBR. The audible sound (279.9 Hz sine wave) was played in the light for PBR-A and in the dark for PBR-B. The observation period was 14 days. The growth rate of Chlorella DPK-01 was 47.6% per day (Control-PBR), 0.44 per day (PBR-A), and 0.55 per day (PBR-B) respectively. Meanwhile, the lipid percentage of Chlorella DPK-01 was 16% (Control-PBR), 31% (PBR-A), and 11% (PBR-B) respectively. Therefore, exposing audible sound in the light and in the dark may differently affect the growth and lipid production of Chlorella DPK-01.