bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
расчётно-экспериментальные исследования режимов вибронагружения ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: Т.С. Поташова , В.Е. Хорошаева , А.А. Трубников , О.В. Поташов , Д.В. Желтов , А.В. Кириллов , Д.П. Титова
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрены частные проблемы отработки энергетических двигательных установок (ЭДУ) с вкладными твёрдотопливными элементами (ТТЭ) связанные с форсированными испытаниями, имитирующими автомобильное и железнодорожное транспортирование. Представлен алгоритм расчёта, позволяющий определять оптимальные режимы имитационных транспортировочных испытаний ЭДУ, устанавливать необходимое время технологических перерывов за счёт отвода тепла из зоны фрикционного контакта в элементы конструкции, что в свою очередь позволит обеспечить безопасность проведения виброиспытаний. Предлагаемый авторами алгоритм расчёта основан на сопряжённом решении одномерной модели сплошного фрикционного контакта с решением дифференциального уравнения теплопроводности. Приведены результаты сопоставления расчётных и экспериментальных данных, иллюстрирующие их хорошее соответствие друг другу (отклонение не превышает 4 %).

The article deals with particular problems of testing energy propulsion systems with embedded solid fuel elements associated with forced tests simulating road and rail transportation. The calculation algorithm is presented, which makes it possible to determine the optimal modes of simulated energy propulsion systems transportation tests, to set the necessary time for technological breaks due to heat removal from the friction contact zone into the structural elements, which in turn will ensure the safety of vibration tests. The algorithm proposed by the authors is based on the conjugate solution of a one-dimensional model of continuous frictional contact with the solution of the differential equation of thermal conductivity. The results of comparing the calculated and experimental data are presented, illustrating their good agreement with each other (the deviation does not exceed 4%).
СИНТЕЗ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ БИС(ГИДРОКСИМЕТИЛ) 1,4-ДИЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 1,2,3-ТРИАЗОЛОВ
Authors: Е.О. Шестакова
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрен синтез новых диацетоксиметил- и дихлорметилпроизводных 1,4-дизамещенных 1,2,3-триазолов реакцией ацетилирования уксусныным ангидридом и хлорирования хлористым тионилом исходных 2-нитро-1,3-бис(4,4'-дигидроксиметил)-1,2,3-триазолил-2-азапропана и 3-нитро-1,5-бис(4,4'-дигидроксиметил)-1,2,3-триазолил-3-азапентана. Строение полученных соединений подтверждено методами ИК- и ЯМР-спектроскопии. Данные соединения представляют интерес в качестве исходных веществ для синтеза новых биологически активных и высокоэнергетических веществ.

The article deals with the synthesis of new diacetoxymethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by the reaction of acetylation with acetic anhydride and chlorination with thionyl chloride of the starting 2-nitro-1,3-bis(4,4'-dihydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazolyl-2-azapropane and 3-nitro-1,5-bis(4,4'-dihydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazolyl-3-azapentane. The structure of the obtained compounds is confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. These compounds are of interest as starting materials for the synthesis of new biologically active and high-energy substances.
Innovations as a driver for the development of the region’s investment attractiveness: incentive tools and methods
Authors: Davletshina I. V.
Published: November 2024

The article considers innovations that are the flagship of the development of investment potential of Russian regions and regional economic systems as the main element of investment attractiveness of the regions. The conducted research examines the basic tools and methods for the formation of an effective assessment system for innovative regional development as the level of the investment attractiveness of Russian subjects and Russian regional systems within the framework of Russian and foreign practice and experience. Definition and evaluation of such an indicator as the level of development of the digital environment of business communications, stimulating the effectiveness of innovative activities of business entities, have been identified as the main approaches (or methods) in studying this problem. The conducted research has a significant impact on the further study of directions for the development of a mechanism for effective assessment of the innovative potential and innovative development of the region, which serves as the basis for increasing the investment attractiveness of the Russian regions. The application and use of various assessments, diagnostics and their implementation in considering the innovative potential and innovative development of the region are to analyse the prospects for its formation. The obtained results of the research can be used in assessing these two phenomena to increase the investment attractiveness of the Russian regions.
The reaction of the social security systems of the European Union and the united states of America to financial crises: proposals for using the experience in Russia
Authors: Kalabin V. A.
Published: November 2024

In the context of accelerated transformation of the domestic economy, attempts at economic and socio-political isolation of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia), the question of rethinking the role of social protection in the development of the RF arises. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for increasing the adaptability of the domestic social protection system to future possible shocks, with consideration to modern practices used in developed economies. The object of the study is social protection systems. The subject is measures of adaption of these systems to consequences of financial crises. When conducting the study, the following methods have been used: analysis, induction, measurement, comparison, computational and constructive, statistical and economic. The main results of the study include identification of the basic channels for the transition of a financial crisis into a social one, and assessment of the fiscal impulses of the European Union countries, United States of America, and Russia in order to mitigate the negative shocks of financial crises. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of using the results in the activities of government bodies as part of improving the domestic social protection system. The similar nature of consequences of global financial crises has allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. Firstly, job retention schemes and social support measures for the unemployed population make it possible to create an effective system of income support for workers, especially for vulnerable groups. Secondly, increasing the targeting of social support measures will lead to the performance growth of social protection system, allowing for a more rational distribution of limited budget resources. Finally, this social system can effectively reach the target segment of beneficiaries only if means-testing information systems are of high quality.
Identification and control of risks in the payment system: Russian and foreign experience
Authors: Rizvanova I. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyse the modern mechanism of identification and risk control in the payment system both in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) and abroad. The objectives of the study are to analyse a standardised approach to identification and risk control in the payment system of Russia and foreign countries, as well as a review of the estimated indicators of the identification and control system in the payment system of the RF. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, etc.) and a number of private scientific methods (systemic, comparative legal, statistical, etc.) are used in this work, necessary for a deeper consideration of individual issues on the research topic. The paper analysed a standardised approach to identification and risk control in the payment system of Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The review of the estimated indicators of the identification and control system in the Russian payment system is conducted. The theoretical significance of the research lies in expanding knowledge and understanding of modern mechanisms for identification and risk control in the Russian payment system, as well as international experience in identifying and controlling risks in the payment system. The practical significance of the study is to identify the features of a standardised approach to identification and risk control in the payment system in Russia and foreign countries, as well as to identify the estimated indicators of the identification and control system in the Russian payment system.
Directions for the development of socially oriented taxation of income of Russians
Authors: Rukina S. N. , Gerasimova K. A. , Takmazyan A. S. , Samoylova K. N.
Published: November 2024

Personal income tax (hereinafter referred to as PIT), in interaction with other instruments, can have a significant impact on the implementation of social goals aimed at improving the quality of life of Russians, reducing poverty, overcoming monetary inequality, and supporting low-income citizens, including families with children. The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and practical aspects of taxation of personal income regulated by Chapter 23 of the Russian Tax Code. It reveals the significant role of the PIT due to its revenue potential for the budget system of the Russian Federation and its regulatory impact on socio-economic processes in conditions of geopolitical tension, describes the current system of tax deductions, the need and directions for its improvement. The methodological basis of the study is founded on the analysis of scientific publications and open data of public authorities posted on their official websites. The analysis has been conducted using comparison methods, systemic logical and semantic analysis, synthesis of theoretical and practical material. The purpose of the study is to propose a gradual improvement of the mechanisms for providing standard and social tax deductions by increasing their sizes, introducing a subsistence minimum as a non-taxable income for all categories of payers, expanding the scope of application with consideration to the results of the ongoing socio-economic policy. The conclusions and generalisations of the study can be used when legislative and executive authorities and the scientific community develop proposals for improving the provisions of Chapter 23 of the Russian Tax Code, which will create a socially oriented domestic tax system.
Emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families as a subject of scientific research
Authors: Nikitaev N. M. , Tsvetkova N. A.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a scientific justification for the relevance of studying emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families. The social significance of the topic is noted: the emotional distress of adolescent children not only makes unhappy themselves, but also reduces the level of social health of the family and the whole society, affecting social security. The purpose of the research is a theoretical analysis of sources of scientific information which, presumably, can form a methodological basis for studying family predictors of the adolescent emotional distress. The material in the article is presented in accordance with four research questions concerning the formulation of this scientific problem, its current state in domestic and foreign social psychology, and its poorly studied aspects. The definition of the concept of the emotional distress is clarified, its similarity to the concept of emotional modality is shown; the already established features of the emotional sphere of adolescent children are noted. It is concluded that by now there are prerequisites for studying families with adolescents simultaneously from the standpoint of socio-psychological and systemic approaches. A model of empirical research of the family predictors of the emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families is proposed. The prospects of practical application of the study results are outlined.
On the issue of impact of income inequality on the socio-economic development of territories
Authors: Bykova M. L.
Published: November 2024

The issues of economic inequality and justice were considered in the works of the philosophers of Ancient Greece. Over time, the problem of income inequality has not lost its relevance, which is confirmed by domestic and foreign studies. Until 2015, the capital of the Russian Federation had the highest value of the Gini index, which indicates a high degree of inequality in income distribution in the territory of this subject. Over time, the situation has changed, in particular, by increasing the incomes of the least well-off groups of the population, providing them with subsidies and payments. The purpose of the study is to analyse to what extent these changes have an impact on the socio-economic development of the region. With the help of econometric calculations, the degree of dependence between the equity index and the value of the gross regional product per capita has been determined. It is revealed that there is an inverse relationship between the considered indicators, that is, a reduction in income inequality has an impact on the growth of regional production. The high value of the coefficient of determination indicates the high quality of the constructed model. The possibility of using the simulation results in practice is confirmed by calculations of the average approximation error and the Fisher criterion.
Field-dependent relaxation profiles of biomolecular systems
Authors: Kubrak Adam , Pejanovic Rajka , Kamau Kahinga , Kruk Danuta , Ferrage Fabien , Parigi Giacomo
Published: November 2024

The function of biomolecular systems, including biological macromolecules, often crucially depends on their dynamics. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most informative methods used to study biomolecules and their internal mobility, with atomic resolution, in near-physiological conditions. NMR relaxation profiles, obtained from the field dependence of the nuclear relaxation rates, in particular, offer the possibility to probe dynamic processes over a wide range of time scales. Relaxation profiles are routinely acquired using field-cycling relaxometers operating at a maximum field of the order of 1 T. These measurements however suffer from a lack of resolution. On the other hand, relaxation rates measured at high magnetic fields contain poor information on motions on timescales longer than few nanoseconds. The possibility to acquire relaxation profiles extended to low fields but with high resolution, obtained by shuttling the sample back and forth in the stray field of a high-field spectrometer, is expected to dramatically improve the potentialities of NMR relaxometry. Here, we review investigations of relaxometry in a wide range of biomolecular systems, such as proteins, phospholipids, or biological fluids. Although multiple models of motions have been developed to describe the relaxation rates and their field dependence, most experimental investigations rely on the model-free approach. A variety of relaxation profiles of both diamagnetic and paramagnetic biomolecular systems are here reviewed and analysed using point dipole-point dipole interaction models.
Enhancing the rectification effect of hydrogel-based stretchable ionic diodes through incorporating cations with high valence
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Wu Xia , Pan Peng , Liu Xinyu
Published: November 2024

The controlled migration of ions in biological systems has inspired the development of ion-based electronics. Ionic diodes, leveraging ions as charge carriers, offer selective control over ion flux, mimicking ion-selective behavior observed in biological systems. Conventional ionic diodes containing fluids encounter challenges in adapting to biological systems due to their limited stretchability and stability. Recent advancements in solid-state ionic diodes based on stretchable gels enable tissue-like stretchability while maintaining the rectification performance. However, their relatively low rectification ratio hinders their electrical performance, necessitating effective strategies to enhance the rectification effect of stretchable ionic diodes. Here, we propose a method to enhance the rectification effect of hydrogel-based stretchable ionic diodes by incorporating high-valence cations into the P-type hydrogel layer. Through neutralization reactions, cations with valences of 1, 2, and 3 were introduced to replace original hydrogen ions in the hydrogel, resulting in a substantial increase in the rectification ratio from 3 to over 70, with an elevated rectification ratio (140) under 100% strain. The enhanced rectification effect enables applications in iontronics, such as ionic rectifiers and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), highlighting the potential of improving the electrical performance of iontronics through the manipulation of different ion properties.
Borate-Catalysed Direct Amidation Reactions of Coordinating Substrates
Authors: Procter Richard , Alamillo-Ferrer Carla , Shabbir Usman , Britton Phyllida , Bučar Dejan-Krešimir , Dumon Alexandre , Rzepa Henry , Bures Jordi , Whiting Andrew , Sheppard Tom
Published: November 2024

The catalytic activity of different classes of boron catalysts was studied in amidation reactions with 4-phenylbutylamine/benzoic acid, and with 2-aminopyridine/phenylacetic acid. Whilst a simple boronic acid catalyst showed high catalytic activity with the former substrates, it was completely inactive in the latter reaction. In contrast, a borate ester catalyst was able to mediate the amidation of both substrate pairs with moderate activity. By screening a range of borate esters we were able to identify a novel borate catalyst that shows high reactivity with a range of challenging carboxylic acids/amine pairs, enabling catalystic amidation reactions to be achieved effectively with these industrially relevant compounds. The reactions can be perfomed on multigram scale with high levels of efficiency and in situ catalyst generation from commercially available reagents renders the process readily accessible for everyday laboratory use. Further experiments showed that the deactivating effect of 2-aminopyridine on boronic acid catalysts was due to its ability to stabilise catalytically inactive boroxines.
Comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of combined immunotherapy and immune targeted therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: a real-world study
Authors: Pokataev Ilya A. , Stativko Olesya A. , Volkova Maria I. , Fedorova Alina N. , Zueva Elena V. , Ibragimova Mulaim R. , Tsareva Elena V. , Antonova Tatiana G. , Sinitsyna Ogulshat R. , Cherniaev Vitalii A. , Gridneva Yana V. , Oskarev Albert V. , Galkin Vsevolod N.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To compare of efficacy and safety of combined immune therapy (dual immune-oncology – IO combination therapies, IO-IO) and immune targeted therapy (ITT) in the first line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated in real world clinical practice.
Materials and methods. The ambispective study enrolled patients with metastatic RCC aged ≥18 years, with measurable neoplastic lesions, who were treated with first-line IO-IO therapy or ITT. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).
Results. The study included data from 126 patients treated with IO-IO [46 (36.5%) patients of the IMDC intermediate and poor prognostic groups] or ITT [80 (63.5%) patients of all IMDC prognostic groups]. In a median follow-up of all patients of 16.1 (0.1–44.9) months, the median PFS was 16.1 (10.9–21.3) months, the median overall survival (OS) was not reached; one-year OS was 83.0%; the objective response rate on the first line of therapy was 44.4% with a complete response rate of 3.2%. The rate of tumor control was 88.1%. In the overall population, ITT versus IO-IO provided a significant benefit in terms of ORR (51.2% vs 32.6%; p=0.032), PFS (median 22.9 months vs 8.0 months; p=0.004) and one-year OS (87.5% vs 65.2%; p=0.042). In the IPTW population, multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of the treatment regimen for PFS (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–4.8; p=0.037) and OS (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.8; p=0.037). No difference in the safety profile of IO-IO and ITT was identified.
Conclusion. The results support the hypothesis that ITT is more effective than IO-IO in the first-line treatment of advanced RCC in patients of IMDC intermediate and poor prognostic groups.
Role of immunohistochemical prognostic factors in various types of immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma: A retro-prospective study
Authors: Oganesyan Liana V. , Zavalishina Larisa  E. , Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Kostalanova Iuliia  V. , Kaganov Oleg  I. , Poddubnaya Irina  V.
Published: November 2024

Background. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (IT) is the standard of care for patients with metastatic melanoma. However, in the real world, IT is effective only in a fraction of patients. The lack of valid prognostic factors for various immunotherapy agents warrants a comprehensive and advanced study of this topic.
Aim. To improve the outcomes of the first-line therapy for disseminated melanoma based on identifying immunohistochemical predictors of IT efficacy.
Materials and methods. Data from 130 patients who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab or prolgolimab in the first-line therapy for disseminated melanoma between 2017 and 2024 were analyzed.
Results. The expression of PD-L110 on tumor cells was found to be a predictor of effective therapy: in the nivolumab group, the 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) with PD-L1 level 10% was high at 79% (95% confidence interval – CI 61–100); the 1-year DFS was 89% (95% CI 78–100) compared to 17% (95% CI 3.2–88) with a lower level of PD-L1 expression (p0.0001). In the prolgolimab group, the 2-year DFS with PD-L110% was also high at 78% (p0.0001; CI 54–100), the 1-year DFS was 94% (95% CI 84–100) compared to 35% (95% CI 17–73) with a lower level of PD-L1 expression (p0.0001). A less severe course of the disease was observed in patients with both peritumoral and intratumoral locations versus those with only peritumoral locations of the immune infiltrate. The study of the presence and form of lymphoid infiltration of the tumor showed the following direct relationship: in the nivolumab group, the 2-year DFS was 94% (95% CI 83–100) compared to 8.3% (95% CI 1.3–54), in the prolgolimab group, the 1-year DFS was 82% (95% CI 68–100) compared to 15% (95% CI 2.6–86); p0.0001. It was found that the predominance of CD8+ over CD4+ is associated with better results of IT: in the nivolumab group, the 2-year DFS was 87% (95% CI 74–100) compared to 19% (95% CI 4–91) in the absence of CD8+ predominance over CD4+; in the prolgolimab group, the 2-year DFS was 73% (95% CI 51–100) in patients with CD8+ predominance over CD4+ (p=0.0001). In patients without CD8 predominance over CD4, 2-year DFS was not achieved. The one-year DFS was 85% (95% CI 70–100) and 25% (95% CI 8.4–76), respectively; p=0.0001.
Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that immunohistochemical characteristics such as a PD-L1 expression level 10%, the simultaneous presence of peri- and intratumoral lymphoid infiltration of the tumor, the ratio of the intensity of lymphoid infiltration with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the predominance of CD8+ over CD4+ can be considered predictors of IT efficacy with nivolumab and prolgolimab.
Cost-effectiveness of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of uterine body leiomyosarcomas. A retrospective analysis
Authors: Saevets Valeriya V. , Kuzmin Nikita K. , Shamanova Anna Yu. , Mukhin Arsentiy A. , Taratonov Alexey V.
Published: November 2024

Background. The main approach in the treatment of patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma is surgery followed by chemotherapy, which is the basis of treatment. Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening condition, so the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after each cycle of chemotherapy in this category of patients remains an integral part.
Aim. To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the use of short and long-acting G-CSF forms in a round-the-clock inpatient facility (RIF).
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of economic expenditures was performed at the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine in the RIF setting for the period from January 2018 to December 2023 for the treatment of 62 patients with high-grade uterine leiomyosarcomas of stage IB–IVA according to the classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2009). All patients underwent surgical treatment, complete hysterectomy with appendages, followed by antitumor drug therapy with a high risk of FN. In the economic cost analysis, the treatment regimens gemcitabine 900 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 + docetaxel 100 mg/m2 + empegfilgrastim (regimen code sh1207.1) and gemcitabine 900 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 + docetaxel 100 mg/m2 + filgrastim (regimen code sh1070) were compared. The costs of clinical blood tests and staying in RIF were also considered.
Results. The stay in the RIF was 9 bed days with a long-acting G-CSF regimen and 15 days with a short-acting G-CSF regimen. When using a treatment regimen with filgrastim in 6 patients, the number of bed days increased to 18 due to persistent neutropenia. No FN events were reported. The calculations consisted of the cost of a bed day in the RIF (1,660 rubles) and purchasing of short- and long-acting G-CSF, without the cost of the main therapy. The costs of treating patients with short-acting G-CSF were comparable to those with long-acting G-CSF.
Conclusion. The regimen with long-acting G-CSF is effective, easy to use, and cost-effective in RIF settings.
Recalcitrant Hailey Hailey disease responding to Erbium Yag Laser
Authors: M Ramesh , MG Gopal , Kumar Sharath , . AnkurTahvar , AS Sanjana
Published: November 2024

A 38-year-old man presented with a 8-year history of vesicles and crusted erosions of the intertriginous folds Prior treatment had included topical glucocorticoids mupirocin and minocycline all of which provided minimal relief. A skin biopsy specimen was consistent with Hailey-Hailey disease. Similar history was also present in younger sibling 32 year old. Our patient responded to erbium yag 2940 with complete remission with follow up period of 1 year 6months duration. Hailey-Hailey disease is the result of mutations in the ATP2C1 gene and is characterized by recurrent vesicles and erosions in intertriginous areas.
Laparoscopic Trans-Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal (TAPP) Mesh Repair Verses Total Extra-Peritoneal (TEP) Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia-A Comparative Study
Authors: . Satish.V , B.C Bhagavan , . Sridhar.S
Published: November 2024

Laparoscopic TEP and TAPP are the commonly performed methods of laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia. Lack of documentation and inadequate followup have made the learning curve of TEP and TAPP all the more steep thus delaying the standardisation of the procedure and also making the choice of procedure a difficult and a controversial one.Objectives The Objective of this study is to compare the following parameters in patients undergoing TEP and TAPP Duration of Operation Conversion rates to open method. Post-operative pain Complications of each procedure Duration of stay in hospital Duration required to get back to normal activities Patient satisfaction Cost effectiveness Recurrence rates Safety and efficacy of either procedures.Materials and Methods The data forthis prospective study was obtained from 60 patients undergoing Laparoscopic hemioplasty 30 from TEP and 30 from TAPP in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Centre Bangalore between December 2007 and November 2009 and followed .Consent for the procedure was obtained. TEP and TAPP procedures were performed under both General Anaesthesia and Regional Anaesthesia using Polypropylene mesh.Results The mean operative time was less in TEP group. The pain score hospital stay and return to normal activities were less in TEP group. There were no major complications and no recurrence.Conclusion Our study supports the view that laparoscopic TEP and TAPP mesh repair of inguinal hernia is safe and efficacious but long term Randomised Control Trials with enhanced sample size and reduced confounding factors are still required to establish the absolute superiority of TEP over TAPP. Learning curve for TAPP is shorter than TEP. Procedure is good and suitable for bilateral hernia repair.
A Cross-Sectional study on substance abuse among undergraduate medical students in Bagalkot
Authors: Y Ramadurg Umesh , H. Ghattargi Chandrashekar , R Manjula
Published: November 2024

Introduction Among youth students are particularly involved in substance abuse due to increasing academic pressure. The issue of substance abuse among medical students often gets an ostrichlike response. There is reluctance among affected medical students to disclose their substance abuse3. Hence this study is conducted to know the prevalence and associated socioeconomic factors with substance abuse among medical students.Materials and Methods This descriptive cross sectional study was designed and performed on all willing students enrolled in S. Nijalingappa Medical College Bagalkot.Sample size was 336 students. Mean Standard Deviation Proportions and the Chi-square test to find out the association between substance abuse and the selected variables are used.Results Out of 350 students 336 students participated in the study of them 18956.4 were males and 14743.6 females. The mean age was 22 years 93.7 of the participants were staying in hostel. 19 of boys and 3.5 of girls were consuming alcohol. Majority 7.44 of the substance abusers consumed alcohol to get pleasure hence there is a need of systematic strategy to effectively address the substance abuse and its ill effects among the medical students.
Effects of Mobile Phones on Auditory Acuity
Authors: . BalajiPA , . KailashN
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives There is an exponential increase in the usage of mobile phones throughout the world. Mobile phone handsets are usually held near the ear during conversations and these phones emit radiations electromagnetic fields. These radiations have a propensity to cause biological health hazards. This has raised the question of whether the usage of mobile phones has any detrimental effects on the hearing of the user. The aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory acuity in normal subjects using mobile phones and subjects not using.Methods A total 400 subjects were selected considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these 300 were mobile users and 100 non-users. These two groups were subjected to pure tone audiometric assessment. The resulting data was statistically analyzed.Results There was an increase in the hearing thresholds with p-value lt0.05 at frequencies of lkhz BC 4khz AC and BC 6khzAC and 8khzAC in the mobile phone users compared to that in non-users. The thresholds in the dominant ear were increased with p-value lt0.05 at frequencies lkhzAC and BC 2khzAC and BC 4khzAC and BC 6khzAC that compared in non-dominant ear. The different duration of exposures in months and the average time minday exposures did not have any significant effect on the hearing thresholds.Conclusion There is a mild increase in the hearing thresholds in mobile users but the probable cause of hearing impairment cannot be proved by this study and the possible pathophysiology is also not understood and it needs to be investigated further... Key words Mobile phones electromagnetic fields EMF Pure tone audiometry Air conduction AC Bone conduction BC.
Rational Use of Medicines
Authors: . Narendranath.S
Published: November 2024

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A Study of Socio-demographic and Clinical Variables of Suicide Attempters
Authors: Hemant Salian Harshit , AT Safeekh , Ipe Ancy
Published: November 2024

Suicide is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and the prevalence is increasing in an alarming rate. Causes for suicide and suicide attempt are many and vary across geographical ethnical and socio- cultural back-ground . This study is done to find out the relationship of suicide attempts with various socio-demographic and clinical variables. Socio-demographic and clinical variables of seventy five persons admitted with history of attempted suicide in a tertiary care hospital were assessed. Age between twenty and thirty years inter personal difficulties monetary loss low socioeconomic status adjustment disorders and depressive disorders are found to have a positive correlation with suicide attempts.nbspnbsp
Images in Clinical Medicine
Authors: U.G Rajoor , B.S Patil
Published: November 2024

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Pediatric Toxicology
Authors: ML Kulkarni , J. Kulkarni Abhishek , Reddy M Pradip , CD Vijayanarayana , M Kulkarni Preeti
Published: November 2024

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Counseling Children and Adolescents : Observations at Medical Colleges in Hubli-Dharwad
Authors: J.V Chowti , K.R Pravinchandra , S.J Chowti , N.G Prabhakara G.N Avadhootbhatta
Published: November 2024

A descriptive article highlighting the importance of the need of counseling children and adolescents to alleviate their psycho-social problems encountered in schooling at Hubli-Dharwad cities over a decade. The main problems posed by 233 subjects were lack of motivation in studies tobacco and alcohol abuse depression sexual problems feeling of insecurity etc. Higher socio-economic classes were associated with not doing well at school and depression. Counseling is effective in alleviating these problems to the overall extent of 82. Family counseling plays a rewarding role in acting through family therapy parent education or through other support services. Further the counselors could undertake to solve the problems of children by addressing and soliciting the co-operation of school and hostel authorities concerned. The scope of a model of teachers of Community Medicine in Medical Colleges to involve in the community addressing the needs of children and adolescents is show-cased and recommended to be followed in all Medical Colleges. The various specialty doctors in Medical College hospitals and General hospitals could be sensitized to refer children and adolescents to the teachers in Community Medicine
De Sanctis-Cacchione Syndrome-Xerodermic Idiocy
Authors: L.Kulkarni Muralidhar , VV Vivekanand , SS Siddaramayyah
Published: November 2024

The De Sanctis ndashCacchione syndrome is a subgroup of Xeroderma Pigmentosa characterized by Xeroderma Pigmentosa progressive mental deterioration growth deficiency and acquired microcephaly. We report a case of 16 year old boy who presented with these features
Percutaneous Tracheostomy: 2 Unique Cases of Stridor Managed in KVG Medical College Hospital.
Authors: M Naik Sudhir , S Naik Sarika
Published: November 2024

nbspBackground Percutaneous tracheostomy to a large extent has replaced conventional surgical tracheostomy by virtue of its low incidence of complications and the rapidity with which the procedure can be performed at the bedside avoiding transport of critically ill patients to the operating rooms. Since it is a blind approach bronchoscopic guidance has been suggested which is not always possible because of economic constraints. MethodsA case study of 2 patients who had guide wire dilating forceps technique of percutaneous tracheostomy without the aid of a bronchoscope have been reported here. By ensuring the free mobility of the guide wire at each step of the procedure a safe placement of the tracheostomy tube was achieved. Results The mean operating time in both the cases was nearly 6 minutes. Both the patients did not have any complications. Both the patients were tracheotomised for permanent indication. One had severe dysphagia amp TEF and could not survive long even after feeding gastrostomy. Other patient was referred to radiotherapy for stage IV supraglottic carcinoma larynx. Conclusion In the absence of bronchoscopic guidance adopting the simple but effective precaution of free movement of guide wire at each step of the procedure a safe tracheostomy tube placement is possible in an emergency as described in our report.
An Overview on Evolution of Human Erect Posture, Bipedal Mobility and Gait
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam
Published: November 2024

Acomprehensive overview of the factors and possible bio-mechanisms that made man what he is mobile and dextrous From a hypothesis on an unusual cranio - caudal migration of appendages of locomotion to the formation of an opposable thumb from digital lengthening leading to knuckle walking as a safer and sager alternative to quadruped movement to the remote functional anatomical effects of bipedal gait. From the stress and peril erect posture has on gestation to the osteological oddities he squatting facets this review paper dwells on a gamut of observations and comments engendered by an out of the box view of the process of higher mammalian evolution. An overview such of factors especially skeletal that led to evolution of gait erect posture and biped locomotion could be of much interest to evolutionary biologists physical anthropologists and forensic scientists.
Transverse Colon Rupture and Complete Transection following Blunt Abdominal Trauma – Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: S. Kappikeri Vijaykumar
Published: November 2024

Blunt abdominal trauma causing colon rupture is rare. Rupture and complete transection of the colon with tissue loss is uncommon. Here is a report of 2 cases of blunt abdominal trauma with haemoperitoneum. They had rupture and complete transection of transverse colon which was managed by primary repair with good postoperative recovery
Ovarian Lymphangioma
Authors: PJ Yaranal , K Shreesha , N Umaru
Published: November 2024

Lymphangiomas have been reported in various sites in literature. We present a rare case of ovarian lymphangioma detected incidentally in a 47 ndash years old post ndash menopausal woman. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopharectomy for menorrhagia and a coexistent benign cystic teratoma of the contralateral ovary
Use of B-Lynch Suture in Management of Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage due to Uterine atony during Caesarean Section with failed Medical Management
Authors: Shivamurthy Geeta , T R . Ashakiran
Published: November 2024

Objectives To determine the efficacy of B-Lynch suture in the management of PPH secondary to uterine atony and to assess the advantage of timely application of B-Lynch suture in uncontrolled PPH. Material and methods The present study was conducted at Vani Vilas and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute between Nov 2007 and Sept 2009. Study design A prospective non randomized observational study consisting of 50 pregnant women with risk factors for atonic postpartum hemorrhage PPH who were posted for emergency LSCS constituted the study group. Results Majority had blood loss in the range 1001-1500 ml i.e. around 54 which can be attributed to timely application of B-Lynch suture. The mean blood loss was 1495ml. The mean difference in pre and post procedure was 1.08gm with a significant p value of lt0.001 reflecting that timely application of B-Lynch suture reduced blood loss and hence decrease in post procedure Hb. Conclusion Our initial series of cases of PPH treated with B-Lynch procedure shows that it is an effective method of controlling PPH. It should be attempted as early as possible in order to maximize its success and prophylactic application should always be considered in patients at risk for atonic PPH.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome – Report of Six Cases
Authors: Shariff Shameem , A N Roopa
Published: November 2024

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a common cause of acute renal failure in infants and children. It is characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. HUS is a disease that affects approximately 2 in 100000 children worldwide every year. Peak incidence rates have been reported to reach approximately 20 of 100000 children. Activation of microvascular endothelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis and eventually leads to endothelium-blood cell interaction and platelet thrombosis with occlusion of small vessels and capillaries of target organs and secondary organ failure. The present study is aimed at categorizing the various cases of HUS observed over a three year period among the surgical biopsies. The histological findings in the cases have been recorded and an attempt made to correlate these with etiology. Six cases of HUS were observed of which 3 cases were due to malignant hypertension one was drug induced one due to cyclosporine toxicity. In one case the exact etiology could not be ascertained.nbsp
A study on the awareness among the Doctors about Consumer Protection Act in a selected Hospital
Authors: D'Cunha Sweta , Suresh Sucharita , John Jincy
Published: November 2024

Consumer awareness is building up in the country and a new pro-consumer culture is slowly emerging. Under this perspective the doctors should understand the real implications of the Consumer Protection Act CPA and should procure the necessary cues for safe handling of intricate medical cases. A study was undertaken to find out awareness among doctors about the CPA and its implications. The study was conducted among 60 doctors in a selected hospital. It revealed that 46 of the doctors had very good knowledge of the act 35 good knowledge 12 fair knowledge and 7 average knowledge. Doctors in the younger age group were comparatively more aware of the act. The doctors opine that from the point of view of the patients it is beneficial to them to know it in terms of care rendered. But it may have negative implications on the services rendered by the doctors.
Teaching of Social Sciences in Medical College
Authors: Pravin Chandra K.R. , . G.N.Prabhakara
Published: November 2024

Background In order to broaden its base of services into the community in the context of medical education it is not surprising that Social 2-4 Science is considered in different ways . A work model was devised at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Dharwad. The teachers at the College were interviewed to obtain their views on teaching of Social Science in the Medical Colleges and the results are depicted. Method Apilot study with a structured questionnaire was followed by the final format given to all the 139 teaching faculty. Results The majority of the teachers had difficulty in comprehending the role of teaching social sciences in medical curriculum. The teachers who have responded were in favour of practical and field visits to teach case-based situations of social relevance. Learning of Communication Skills was to be bolstered by limiting the theory classes to the middle of the course and by elaborating the opportunities to learn the field realities by arranging interactive sessions between students patients and families of patients in their social context. A work model was proposed. Conclusion Teachers perceive jeopardy in the course becoming too applied towards Social Sciences and in failing to provide the basic clinical ground they would prefer. However there is a welcome change observed by the authors among the medical teachers in their outlook and present understanding of social sciences in a span of 30 years between 1974 and 2004.nbsp
Occupational and Environmental Health: An Integral Part of Community Health
Authors: R Pravin Chandra K
Published: November 2024

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Interventional Radiology-Case Report: Pre-operative Embolisation of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: K Umesh , R Patl Raghu , Prasannaraj MS Thomas , TN Suresh
Published: November 2024

We report a case of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a 15-year old male patient. CT PNS was suggestive of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Subsequently preoperative embolisation of the feeding vessel was done to make the surgery blood less.
PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Shankar P.S.
Published: November 2024

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Blood and Tissue Eosinophilia: A Study at the MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital with Review of Literature
Authors: V Yogendra , AN Roopa , Sharif Shammem
Published: November 2024

Eosinophils are granulocytic white blood cells recognized by Paul Ehrlich about 125 years ago. Blood and tissue eosinophilia is a known occurrence in literature. The causes are varied. Eosinophilia also poses a risk for anesthesia for the fear of bronchoconstriction. At the M.V.J Medical College amp Research Hospital it was observed that surgeries were delayed as a result of an increased blood eosinophilia. An increase in the number of such delays prompted the undertaking of this study in order to check the prevalence of eosinophilia in this geographic region. The aims of the study were to find out the hospital based prevalence of blood eosinophilia in a rural population of Hoskote and to compare these figures with blood eosinophilia in a hospital based urban population of Bangalore. To detect biopsy based prevalence of tissue eosinophilia in this rural population and its correlation if any with blood eosinophilia and the sequelae to organ pathology. All the blood samples sent to the pathology department for routine investigations were taken for the study over a 3 month period. A retrospective sample study of 1 year duration was done to study biopsy based tissue eosinophilia. Our results showed that among 500 blood samples 100 patients had blood eosinophilia. Among the control group of 50 patients 4 patients had blood eosinophilia. The prevalence of blood eosinophilia in the rural population was therefore 20 as compared to 8 in the urban population and independent of age and sex. Nine patients had tissue eosinophilia among the surgical biopsies studied over one year period. The clinical presentation diagnosis laboratory findings and histopathology diagnosis of these patients were correlated. Of these eosinophilic gastroenteritis was the commonest pathology leading to surgical intervention. In conclusion a high prevalence of blood and tissue eosinophilia was observed in the hospital based rural population. No exact etiology could be detected for blood eosinophilia. Tissue eosinophilia was independent of blood eosinophilia
Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast
Authors: Bhushan S.T Ved , Ahmed Mulla Muneer
Published: November 2024

Necrotizing fasciitis is a life threatening bacterial infection which causes rapid necrosis of the skin and sub-cutaneous tissue in the fascial plane. Necrotizing fasciitis affecting breast is quiet rare. It requires high degree of suspicion and aggressive debridement for a better outcome
Extralymphatic Filarial Disease in Spleen (Occult filiariasis) - A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: S.K Andola , A.M Anita , Yevoor Kavitha , Patil Rajashekhar
Published: November 2024

Extra lymphatic manifestations of filariasis are not caused by adult form of the worm but by microfilaria or by diffusible products from yet undefined parasitic stage or by immune complexes Circumscribed microfilarial granulomata are extremely uncommon and rarely cause clinical illness and have been observed in the spleen and occasionally in other organs.Two cases of microfilarial granuloma in the spleen are reported here showing nodules with focal collection of eosinophils forming abscesses and granulomas formed by round hyalinised amorphous eosinophilic deposits characteristic of splendore-hoeppli phenomenon containing remnants of microfilaria surrounded by foreign body giant cells macrophages fibrosis and neovascularisation
Use of C-Reactive Protein as predictor of severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: H.M Vijayakumar
Published: November 2024

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