bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of proteins and carbohydrates on postprandial blood pressure-related responses
Authors: Teunissen-Beekman Karianna F. M. , Dopheide Janneke , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Brink Elizabeth J. , de Leeuw Peter W. , Serroyen Jan , van Baak Marleen A.
Published: June 2014

Diet composition may affect blood pressure (BP), but the mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare postprandial BP-related responses to the ingestion of pea protein, milk protein and egg-white protein. In addition, postprandial BP-related responses to the ingestion of maltodextrin were compared with those to the ingestion of sucrose and a protein mix. We hypothesised that lower postprandial total peripheral resistance (TPR) and BP levels would be accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of nitric oxide, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon. On separate occasions, six meals were tested in a randomised order in forty-eight overweight or obese adults with untreated elevated BP. Postprandial responses of TPR, BP and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, GLP-1 and nitrite, nitroso compounds (RXNO) and S-nitrosothiols (NOx) were measured for 4 h. No differences were observed in TPR responses. Postprandial BP levels were higher after the ingestion of the egg-white-protein meal than after that of meals containing the other two proteins (P≤ 0·01). The ingestion of the pea-protein meal induced the highest NOxresponse (P≤ 0·006). Insulin and glucagon concentrations were lowest after the ingestion of the egg-white-protein meal (P≤ 0·009). Postprandial BP levels were lower after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the protein mix and sucrose meals (P≤ 0·004), while postprandial insulin concentrations were higher after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the sucrose and protein mix meals after 1–2 h (P≤ 0·0001). Postprandial NOx, GLP-1 and glucagon concentrations were lower after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the protein mix meal (P≤ 0·008). In conclusion, different protein and carbohydrate sources induce different postprandial BP-related responses, which may be important for BP management. Lower postprandial BP levels are not necessarily accompanied by higher NOx, insulin, glucagon or GLP-1 responses.
Choice of cochlear implant side in a paediatric population
Authors: Sürmelioğlu Ö , Çetik F , Tarkan Ö , Özdemir S , Tuncer Ü , Kiroğlu M , Şahin R
Published: June 2014

Objective:

To compare the effect of right- or left-sided cochlear implantation on listening skills in a paediatric population.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the listening skills performance data of children who were operated on and followed up at the Çukurova University Department of Otorhinolaryngology between 2007 and 2011. Sixty-three patients were included in the study. Patients were evaluated using the Listening Progress Profile, the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale and the littlEARS test.

Results:

The mean age of the children was two years (range of one to five years). Twenty-nine patients were male and 34 were female. Twenty-eight patients were implanted in the right ear and 35 in the left ear. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left ear implantees in terms of listening skills performance.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that the choice of cochlear implant side is not crucial for the development of listening skills.
Structure and dynamics of Gobiidae larvae (Teleostei, Perciformes) in a tropical estuary: seasonal relationships with tidal cycles
Authors: Gomes Eduardo A.P. , Bonecker Ana C.T.
Published: June 2014

This study aims to describe the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Gobiidae larvae at a tropical estuarine system in south-east Brazil (Macaé). The samples were collected in six stations, through oblique hauls using a bongo net (330 µm mesh size), coupled to a flowmeter, during the night in the ebb and flood tides in March, July and October 2006 and in February 2007. In the Macaé River estuary was collected a total of 1,234 Gobiidae larvae, representing nine taxa. The highest densities occurred in the river mouth during the flood tide in the rainy season. The most abundant groups were: Gobiosoma parri, Gobionellus oceanicus and Ctenogobius boleosoma. Gobiosoma parri was also dominant at the Macaé estuary, which also presented higher densities in the coastal stations during the rainy season (March), both the flood as the ebb tide. Gobionellus oceanicus and Ctenogobius boleosoma were characteristic of the dry season in the mouth and river stations during the flood tide. The abiotic factors chlorophyll-a and temperature were considered biologically significant for Gobiidae larvae distribution. The spatial and seasonal variations together with the tide influence the distribution of the fish larvae Gobiidae family in the Macaé River estuary and its coastal zone.
The potential distribution of the Vulnerable African lion Panthera leo in the face of changing global climate
Authors: Peterson A. Townsend , Radocy Thomas , Hall Erin , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C. , Celesia Gastone G.
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate possible impacts of global climate change on the geographical distribution of the African lion Panthera leo in the coming decades. Current lion population occurrence data across Africa and distributions of lions in historical times (6,000–100 years before present) were obtained from the literature and integrated with data on present-day climates to generate ecological niche models. Models based on distributions of African lions were tested for predictive ability based on various subsetting approaches and were projected across Asia, Africa and Europe, to retrodict the distribution of the species for the past 6,000 years. These models were highly accurate, giving confidence in future projections. Future potential distributions were predicted by projecting ecological niche models onto three climate scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions based on eight climate models for the years 2040–2070. The prediction was of relative range stability into the future: few new areas were identified as becoming suitable for the species but large areas of southern Africa and West Africa are expected to become less suitable. Predictions of effects of climate change on potential distributions of lions may assist conservation efforts by clarifying options for mitigation and response.
Besnoitia besnoitiandToxoplasma gondii: two apicomplexan strategies to manipulate the host cell centrosome and Golgi apparatus
Authors: CARDOSO RITA , NOLASCO SOFIA , GONÇALVES JOÃO , CORTES HELDER C. , LEITÃO ALEXANDRE , SOARES HELENA
Published: June 2014

Besnoitia besnoitiandToxoplasma gondiiare two closely related parasites that interact with the host cell microtubule cytoskeleton during host cell invasion. Here we studied the relationship between the ability of these parasites to invade and to recruit the host cell centrosome and the Golgi apparatus. We observed thatT. gondiirecruits the host cell centrosome towards the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), whereasB. besnoitidoes not. Notably, both parasites recruit the host Golgi apparatus to the PV but its organization is affected in different ways. We also investigated the impact of depleting and over-expressing the host centrosomal protein TBCCD1, involved in centrosome positioning and Golgi apparatus integrity, on the ability of these parasites to invade and replicate.Toxoplasma gondiireplication rate decreases in cells over-expressing TBCCD1 but not in TBCCD1-depleted cells; while forB. besnoitino differences were found. However,B. besnoitipromotes a reorganization of the Golgi ribbon previously fragmented by TBCCD1 depletion. These results suggest that successful establishment of PVs in the host cell requires modulation of the Golgi apparatus which probably involves modifications in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. These differences in howT. gondiiandB. besnoitiinteract with their host cells may indicate different evolutionary paths.
Vocabulary size research at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: Nation Paul , Coxhead Averil
Published: June 2014

The English Language Institute (now the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies) at Victoria University of Wellington has a long history of corpus-based vocabulary research, especially after the arrival of the second director of the institute, H. V. George, and the appointment of Helen Barnard, whom George knew in India. George's successor, Graeme Kennedy, also saw corpus linguistics as a very fruitful and important area of applied language research.
Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii exposure in captive wild canids in Brazil
Authors: FLEISCHMAN D. A. , CHOMEL B. B. , KASTEN R. W. , ANDRÉ M. R. , GONÇALVES L. R. , MACHADO R. Z.
Published: June 2014

Wild canids are potential hosts for numerous species of Bartonella, yet little research has been done to quantify their infection rates in South America. We sought to investigate Bartonella seroprevalence in captive wild canids from 19 zoos in São Paulo and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 97 wild canids belonging to four different native species and three European wolves (Canis lupus). Indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing was performed to detect the presence of B. henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, B. clarridgeiae, and B. rochalimae. Overall, Bartonella antibodies were detected in 11 of the canids, including five (12·8%) of 39 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), three (11·1%) of 27 bush dogs (Speothos venaticus), two (8·7%) of 23 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one (12·5%) of eight hoary foxes (Lycalopex vetulus), with titres ranging from 1:64 to 1:512. Knowing that many species of canids make excellent reservoir hosts for Bartonella, and that there is zoonotic potential for all Bartonella spp. tested for, it will be important to conduct further research in non-captive wild canids to gain an accurate understanding of Bartonella infection in free-ranging wild canids in South America.
The inverse relationship between food price and energy density: is it spurious?
Authors: Davis George C , Carlson Andrea
Published: June 2014

Objective

An important debate in the literature is whether or not higher energy-dense foods are cheaper than less energy-dense foods. The present communication develops and applies an easy statistical test to determine if the relationship between food price and energy density is an artifact of how the data units are constructed (i.e. is it ‘spurious’ or ‘real’?).

Design

After matching data on 4430 different foods from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with corresponding prices from the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion’s Food Prices Database, we use a simple regression model to test if the relationship between food price and energy density is ‘real’ or ‘spurious’.

Setting

USA.

Subjects

Total sample size is 4430 observations of consumed foods from 4578 participants from the non-institutionalized US adult population (aged 19 years and over).

Results

Over all 4430 foods, the null hypothesis of a spurious inverse relationship between food price per energy density and energy density is not rejected. When the analysis is broken down by twenty-five food groups, there are only two cases where the inverse relationship is not spurious. In fact, the majority of non-spurious relationships between food price and energy density are positive, not negative.

Conclusions

One of the main arguments put forth regarding the poor diet quality of low-income households is that high energy-dense food is cheaper than lower energy-dense food. We find almost no statistical support for higher energy-dense food being cheaper than low energy-dense food. While economics certainly plays a role in explaining low nutritional quality, more sophisticated economic arguments are required and discussed.
Let’s talk about health: shoppers’ discourse regarding health while food shopping
Authors: O’Brien Michelle C , McConnon Aine , Hollywood Lynsey E , Cuskelly Geraldine J , Barnett Julie , Raats Monique , Dean Moira
Published: June 2014

Objective

The present study aimed to examine the role of health in consumers’ food purchasing decisions through investigating the nature of people’s discourse regarding health while conducting their food shopping.

Design

The study employed the think-aloud technique as part of an accompanied shop. All mentions of health and terms relating to health were identified from the data set. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to examine how health was talked about in relation to people’s food choice decisions.

Setting

Supermarkets in Dublin, Republic of Ireland and Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Subjects

Participants (n50) were aged over 18 years and represented the main household shopper.

Results

Responsibility for others and the perceived need to illicit strict control to avoid ‘unhealthy’ food selections played a dominant role in how health was talked about during the accompanied shop. Consequently healthy shopping was viewed as difficult and effort was required to make the healthy choice, with shoppers relating to product-based inferences to support their decisions.

Conclusions

This qualitative exploration has provided evidence of a number of factors influencing the consideration of health during consumers’ food shopping. These results highlight opportunities for stakeholders such as public health bodies and the food industry to explore further ways to help enable consumers make healthy food choices.
Psychosocial experiences in the context of life-threatening illness: The cardiac rehabilitation patient
Authors: Holder Gerard N. , Young William C. , Nadarajah Sheeba R. , Berger Ann M.
Published: June 2014

Objective:

One of the most prevalent life-threatening illnesses is heart disease. The initial trauma of being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness or having a cardiac event can begin a psychosocial chain reaction that results in a transformation of the lives of these patients. The goal of our study was to investigate the lived experiences of psychosocial healing in rehabilitation of cardiac patients using a qualitative written interview.

Method:

A purposive sample of 14 cardiac event survivors was recruited. Participants were interviewed after informed consent and screening. We used a qualitative analysis and model-revision approach similar to the procedure outlined by Charmaz (2006).

Results:

Participants consistently mentioned that a heightened awareness of mortality was a motivating factor that led to participants focusing more on their family and relationships, having an enhanced outlook on life, and making healthy lifestyle changes.

Significance of results:

If clinicians are able to employ a measure to better understand the nature of a patient's progression from cardiac event to successful recovery, interventions such as cardiac rehabilitation can be implemented earlier and more effectively during the course of the illness and recovery phases of treatment. Theoretically, this early detection of a patient's progression could reduce the time spent recovering from a cardiac event, and it would allow treatments for these conditions to better alleviate the psychosocial concerns faced by patients.
ON THE WAY TO A WIDER MODEL THEORY: COMPLETENESS THEOREMS FOR FIRST-ORDER LOGICS OF FORMAL INCONSISTENCY
Authors: CARNIELLI WALTER , CONIGLIO MARCELO E. , PODIACKI RODRIGO , RODRIGUES TARCÍSIO
Published: June 2014

This paper investigates the question of characterizing first-orderLFIs (logics of formal inconsistency) by means of two-valued semantics.LFIs are powerful paraconsistent logics that encode classical logic and permit a finer distinction between contradictions and inconsistencies, with a deep involvement in philosophical and foundational questions. Although focused on just one particular case, namely, the quantified logicQmbC, the method proposed here is completely general for this kind of logics, and can be easily extended to a large family of quantified paraconsistent logics, supplying a sound and complete semantical interpretation for such logics. However, certain subtleties involving term substitution and replacement, that are hidden in classical structures, have to be taken into account when one ventures into the realm of nonclassical reasoning. This paper shows how such difficulties can be overcome, and offers detailed proofs showing that a smooth treatment of semantical characterization can be given to all such logics. Although the paper is well-endowed in technical details and results, it has a significant philosophical aside: it shows how slight extensions of classical methods can be used to construct the basic model theory of logics that are weaker than traditional logic due to the absence of certain rules present in classical logic. Several such logics, however, as in the case of theLFIs treated here, are notorious for their wealth of models precisely because they do not make indiscriminate use of certain rules; these models thus require new methods. In the case of this paper, by just appealing to a refined version of the Principle of Explosion, or Pseudo-Scotus, some new constructions and crafty solutions to certain nonobvious subtleties are proposed. The result is that a richer extension of model theory can be inaugurated, with interest not only for paraconsistency, but hopefully to other enlargements of traditional logic.
Attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR) mapping coupled with principal component analysis for the study of in vitro degradation of porous polylactide/hydroxyapatite composite material
Authors: Jing Nan , Jiang Xiaoting , Wang Qian , Tang Yongjiao , Zhang Pudun
Published: June 2014

We proposes coupling ATR/FTIR mapping with principal component analysis for the biomimetic degradation of poly(l-lactide)/hydroxyapatite composite material.
Cyclic olefin copolymer plasma millireactors
Authors: Schelcher G. , Guyon C. , Ognier S. , Cavadias S. , Martinez E. , Taniga V. , Malaquin L. , Tabeling P. , Tatoulian M.
Published: June 2014

The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a multistep process for the manufacturing of plasma millireactors operating at atmospheric pressure.
Silk/molecular conductor bilayer thin-films: properties and sensing functions
Authors: Steven Eden , Lebedev Victor , Laukhina Elena , Rovira Concepció , Laukhin Vladimir , Brooks James S. , Veciana Jaume
Published: June 2014

A polycrystalline layer of (BEDT-TTF)2I3-based molecular conductor is transferred from a polycarbonate template to silk and other substrates for sensing and actuation applications.
Carbon dots obtained using hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde. Cell imaging in vitro
Authors: Algarra M. , Pérez-Martín M. , Cifuentes-Rueda M. , Jiménez-Jiménez J. , Esteves da Silva J. C. G. , Bandosz T. J. , Rodríguez-Castellón E. , López Navarrete J. T. , Casado J.
Published: June 2014

Highly photoluminescent carbon dots have been prepared in a one step procedure by hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde at 180 °C.
An efficient synthesis of methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoursol-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDU-methyl ester): analogues, biological activities, and comparison with oleanolic acid derivatives
Authors: Fu Liangfeng , Lin Qi-Xian , Liby Karen T. , Sporn Michael B. , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: June 2014

An efficient synthesis of methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoursol-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDU-methyl ester).
A survey of enoldiazo nucleophilicity in selective C–C bond forming reactions for the synthesis of natural product-like frameworks
Authors: Liu Yuxiao , Liu Yu , Shanahan Charles S. , Xu Xichen , Doyle Michael P.
Published: June 2014

Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed SN1-like couplings of enoldiazo compounds with carbocations for construction of carbocyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds has been realised.
Synthesis and characterization of bisoxazolines- and pybox-copper(ii) complexes and their application in the coupling of α-carbonyls with functionalized amines
Authors: Jia Wei-Guo , Li Dan-Dan , Dai Yuan-Chen , Zhang Hui , Yan Li-Qin , Sheng En-Hong , Wei Yun , Mu Xiao-Long , Huang Kuo-Wei
Published: June 2014

[(Dm-Pybox)CuBr2] is efficient in catalyzing α-amination of ketones and esters, which tolerates functionality on the carbonyl and amine reaction components.
Understanding thiol-induced etching of luminescent gold nanoclusters
Authors: Ke Chen-Yi , Chen Tzu-Heng , Lu Lin-Chen , Tseng Wei-Lung
Published: June 2014

Electron injection from thiol ligands to Au8 clusters is a driving force for thiol-induced core etching of protein-stabilized Au8 clusters.
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of chiral and achiral thiadiazolophanes
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ayyavu , Rajakumar Perumal
Published: June 2014

One pot synthesis of chiral and achiral 2:2 oligomeric thiadiazolophane 1 and 3 and 3:3 oligomeric thiadiazolophane 2 and 4 with (S)-BINOL and methylene bis-naphthyl spacer unit has been achieved. The photophysical and electrochemical properties revealed higher degree of aggregation in 2:2 oligomor than 3:3 oligomer. Energy minimized calculations show that 3:3 oligomer has less heat of formation than 2:2 oligomer.
Tunable hydroxylated surfactants: an efficient toolbox towards anisotropic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Angelo da Silva Monique Gabriella , Meneghetti Mario Roberto , Denicourt-Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain
Published: June 2014

Size- and shape-controlled anisotropic gold nanoparticles were reported. The organisation of tunable hydroxylated surfactants providing various nanostructured materials has been demonstrated.
A water–ethanol on–off fiber catalyst for the synthesis of substituted 2-amino-2-chromenes
Authors: Zhen Yazhi , Lin Huikun , Wang Shiyao , Tao Minli
Published: June 2014

A fiber catalyst effectively catalyzed a three-component organic reaction in water but completely turned it off in ethanol.
Collective dynamics of flowing colloids during pore clogging
Authors: Agbangla Gbedo Constant , Bacchin Patrice , Climent Eric
Published: June 2014

A numerical study of microparticle deposition at a pore entrance: effect of hydrodynamic and colloidal interactions on particle capture.
In situ growth of monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles on graphene as flexible paper for supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Sun Jing
Published: June 2014

A well-organized flexible GS/Fe3O4 paper has been constructed, which exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as a self-supporting negative electrode.
Harvesting heat energy from hot/cold water with a pyroelectric generator
Authors: Leng Qiang , Chen Lin , Guo Hengyu , Liu Jianlin , Liu Guanlin , Hu Chenguo , Xi Yi
Published: June 2014

Waste heat has been regarded as one of the most important renewable and green energy sources, and its widespread reclamation could help to reduce the negative impacts of global warming and the energy crisis.
Lithium–tellurium batteries based on tellurium/porous carbon composite
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Jiangwei , Xu Yunhua , Zhu Yujie , Bigio David , Wang Chunsheng
Published: June 2014

For the first time, lithiation/delithiation behavior of tellurium at room temperature was investigated using tellurium/porous carbon (Te/C) composite electrodes.
Solid acids with SO3H groups and tunable surface properties: versatile catalysts for biomass conversion
Authors: Russo P. A. , Antunes M. M. , Neves P. , Wiper P. V. , Fazio E. , Neri F. , Barreca F. , Mafra L. , Pillinger M. , Pinna N. , Valente A. A.
Published: June 2014

Nanocomposites of SO3H-functionalized carbon/non-porous silica solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of useful bio-products.
Fluorescent self-assembled nanowires of AIE fluorogens
Authors: Hu Rongrong , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Deng Haiqin , Song Zhegang , Zheng Chao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2014

Fluorescent nanowires and thin films were fabricated by self-assembly of tetraphenylethene derivatives with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.
Synthesis, properties, and applications of poly(ethylene glycol)-decorated tetraphenylethenes
Authors: Chen Yilong , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Chen Sijie , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2014

The properties and potential applications of non-charged, water soluble poly(ethylene glycol)-decorated teraphenylethenes are investigated.
The quenched state with dominant shear vibration mode originated from domain reconfiguration in [001]-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Zhang Yaoyao , Garland Philip P. , Adamson Robert B. A. , Brown Jeremy A.
Published: June 2014

We present results of investigations into a low-frequency vibration mode (LVM) in [001] poled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 crystal. Through a series of impedance measurement and polarization microscopy observations of domain structure, we find that the LVM is a shear mode arising from a polarization component lying in the (001) plane. Through quenching, a metastable state can be reached where the LVM is greatly enhanced and the thickness vibration mode of the typical poled state is highly suppressed. Measurements on the transverse vibration modes of differently oriented crystal samples show that the LVM state possesses a macroscopic orthorhombic symmetry (mm2) with its polarization vector along the [110] direction. The structural differences between the LVM-enhanced state and the usual poled state are discussed in detail. The two states have the same crystalline phase but different ferroelectric domain structures. When heated above the rhombohedral-to-tetragonal transition temperature, Trt, a tetragonal phase with (110) domain walls is formed. This domain structure can be frozen by the rapid quenching through the Trt. Based on compatibility of ferroelectric polarizations at domain walls, and observed polarization microscopy results, we are able to infer the possible arrangement of domain structures in rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. The [110] polarization component associated with LVM originates from the domain structure with well-organized (110) domain walls.
Minima hopping guided path search: An efficient method for finding complex chemical reaction pathways
Authors: Schaefer Bastian , Mohr Stephan , Amsler Maximilian , Goedecker Stefan
Published: June 2014

The Minima Hopping global optimization method uses physically realizable molecular dynamics moves in combination with an energy feedback that guarantees the escape from any potential energy funnel. For the purpose of finding reaction pathways, we argue that Minima Hopping is particularly suitable as a guide through the potential energy landscape and as a generator for pairs of minima that can be used as input structures for methods capable of finding transition states between two minima. For Lennard-Jones benchmark systems we compared this Minima Hopping guided path search method to a known approach for the exploration of potential energy landscapes that is based on deterministic mode-following. Although we used a stabilized mode-following technique that reliably allows to follow distinct directions when escaping from a local minimum, we observed that Minima Hopping guided path search is far superior in finding lowest-barrier reaction pathways. We, therefore, suggest that Minima Hopping guided path search can be used as a simple and efficient way to identify energetically low-lying chemical reaction pathways. Finally, we applied the Minima Hopping guided path search approach to 75-atom and 102-atom Lennard-Jones systems. For the 75-atom system we found pathways whose highest energies are significantly lower than the highest energy along the previously published lowest-barrier pathway. Furthermore, many of these pathways contain a smaller number of intermediate transition states than the previously publish lowest-barrier pathway. In case of the 102-atom system Minima Hopping guided path search found a previously unknown and energetically low-lying funnel.
Epitaxial growth of Ge-Sb-Te films on KCl by high deposition rate pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Thelander E. , Gerlach J. W. , Ross U. , Frost F. , Rauschenbach B.
Published: June 2014

Pulsed laser deposition was employed to deposit epitaxial Ge2Sb2Te5-layers (GST) on (100) oriented KCl-substrates. XRD-measurements show a process temperature window for epitaxial growth of the cubic phase between 200 and 300 °C. Below 250 °C (111) oriented GST dominates the growth process and above 250 °C the (100) orientation is the dominating one. Pole figure measurements confirm these results and additionally reveal that the (111) orientation consists of 4 domains with 90° azimuthal separation with an initial 15° rotation with the substrate lattice, i.e., [2-1-1]GST || [100]KCl. The (100) orientation grows cube-on-cube with KCl. A systematic variation of the deposition rate showed that it is possible to obtain epitaxial films in the range between 2.5 and 250 nm/min with no significant deterioration of crystal quality. A smooth topography of (111) oriented films was found, whereas the (100) dominated films in general show higher surface roughness as evidenced from atomic force microscopy investigations.
Mode-sum construction of the two-point functions for the Stueckelberg vector fields in the Poincaré patch of de Sitter space
Authors: Fröb Markus B. , Higuchi Atsushi
Published: June 2014

We perform canonical quantization of the Stueckelberg Lagrangian for massive vector fields in the conformally flat patch of de Sitter space in the Bunch-Davies vacuum and find their Wightman two-point functions by the mode-sum method. We discuss the zero-mass limit of these two-point functions and their limits where the Stueckelberg parameter ξ tends to zero or infinity. It is shown that our results reproduce the standard flat-space propagator in the appropriate limit. We also point out that the classic work of Allen and Jacobson [“Vector two-point functions in maximally symmetric spaces,” Commun. Math. Phys. 103, 669 (1986)] for the two-point function of the Proca field and a recent work by Tsamis and Woodard [“Maximally symmetric vector propagator,” J. Math. Phys. 48, 052306 (2007)] for that of the transverse vector field are two limits of our two-point function, one for ξ → ∞ and the other for ξ → 0. Thus, these two works are consistent with each other, contrary to the claim by the latter authors.
Measurement and modeling of the nonlinearity of photovoltaic and Geiger-mode photodiodes
Authors: Kauten Thomas , Pressl Benedikt , Kaufmann Thomas , Weihs Gregor
Published: June 2014

While in most cases the absolute accuracy, resolution, and noise floor are the only relevant specifications for the dynamic range of a photodetector, there are experiments for which the linearity plays a more important role than the former three properties. In these experiments nonlinearity can lead to systematic errors. In our work we present a modern implementation of the well-known superposition method and apply it to two different types of photodetectors.
Impact of dopant species on the interfacial trap density and mobility in amorphous In-X-Zn-O solution-processed thin-film transistors
Authors: Benwadih Mohammed , Chroboczek J. A. , Ghibaudo Gérard , Coppard Romain , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: June 2014

Alloying of In/Zn oxides with various X atoms stabilizes the IXZO structures but generates electron traps in the compounds, degrading the electron mobility, μ. To assess whether the latter is linked to the oxygen affinity or the ionic radius, of the X element, several IXZO samples are synthesized by the sol-gel process, with a large number (14) of X elements. The IXZOs are characterized by XPS, SIMS, DRX, and UV-spectroscopy and used for fabricating thin film transistors. Channel μ and the interface defect density NST, extracted from the TFT electrical characteristics and low frequency noise, followed an increasing trend and the values of μ and NST are linked by an exponential relation. The highest μ (8.5 cm2V−1s−1) is obtained in In-Ga-Zn-O, and slightly lower value for Sb and Sn-doped IXZOs, with NST ≈ 2 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2, close to that of the In-Zn-O reference TFT. This is explained by a higher electronegativity of Ga, Sb, and Sn than Zn and In, their ionic radius values being close to that of In and Zn. Consequently, Ga, Sb, and Sn induce weaker perturbations of In-O and Zn-O sequences in the sol-gel process, than the X elements having lower electronegativity and different ionic radius. The TFTs with X = Ca, Al, Ni and Cu exhibited the lowest μ and NST > 1013 eV−1cm−2, most likely because of metallic or oxide clusters formation.
Exactly solvable potentials with finitely many discrete eigenvalues of arbitrary choice
Authors: Sasaki Ryu
Published: June 2014

We address the problem of possible deformations of exactly solvable potentials having finitely many discrete eigenvalues of arbitrary choice. As Kay and Moses showed in 1956, reflectionless potentials in one dimensional quantum mechanics are exactly solvable. With an additional time dependence these potentials are identified as the soliton solutions of the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) hierarchy. An N-soliton potential has the time t and 2N positive parameters, k1 < ⋯ < kN and {cj}, j = 1, …, N, corresponding to N discrete eigenvalues \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\lbrace -k_j^2\rbrace$\end{document}{−kj2}. The eigenfunctions are elementary functions expressed by the ratio of determinants. The Darboux-Crum-Krein-Adler transformations or the Abraham-Moses transformations based on eigenfunction deletions produce lower soliton number potentials with modified parameters \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\lbrace c^{\prime }_j\rbrace$\end{document}{cj′}. We explore various identities satisfied by the eigenfunctions of the soliton potentials, which reflect the uniqueness theorem of Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko equations for separable (degenerate) kernels.
Equivalent Young's modulus and thickness of graphene sheets for the continuum mechanical models
Authors: Shi Jin-Xing , Natsuki Toshiaki , Lei Xiao-Wen , Ni Qing-Qing
Published: June 2014

The Young's modulus and the thickness of graphene sheets (GSs) are the two major material constants when continuum mechanical models are used to analyze the mechanical behaviors of GSs. It should be pointed out that the equivalent Young's modulus and the thickness of GSs should correspond to both stretching and bending loading conditions. In this Letter, the same as “Yakobson paradox,” we predicted the equivalent Young's modulus and the thickness of GSs using an analytical method linked with an atomic interaction based continuum model and a continuum elastic model. Based on the proposed method, by unifying the Young's modulus of GSs in the cases of both stretching and bending, and by determining the matching thickness in the same time, the equivalent Young's modulus and the thickness of GSs utilized in continuum mechanical models are calculated and proposed to be 2.81 TPa and 1.27 Å, respectively.
Reversible control of magnetic domains in a Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2/Pt/PbZr0.56Ti0.44O3 thin film heterostructure deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate
Authors: More-Chevalier J. , Ferri A. , Cibert C. , Poullain G. , Desfeux R. , Bouregba R.
Published: June 2014

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2/Pt/PbZr0.56Ti0.44O3 (Terfenol-D/Pt/PZT) magnetoelectric (ME) thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate. Ferroelectric and magnetic properties were characterized at room temperature. At zero dc magnetic field and out of mechanical resonance, a variation of the voltage across the ferroelectric film was obtained when a small external ac magnetic field was applied to the device. The corresponding ME voltage coefficient was 1.27 V/cm Oe. On the same sample, local magnetic domain patterns were imaged by magnetic force microscopy. Reversible changes in magnetic domain patterns were observed when a dc electric field of 120 to 360 kV/cm was applied to the ferroelectric layer. These results confirm that both magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization and electric control of magnetization are achievable on ME thin films devices deposited on silicon substrates.
Interpretation of set and reset switching in nickel oxide thin films
Authors: Yoo In Kyeong , Lee Myoung-Jae , Seo David H. , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: June 2014

Many attempts have been tried to improve switching characteristics of resistive switching materials such as NiOx because it gives scattered switching current and voltage values [J. F. Gibbons and W. E. Beadle, Solid-State Electron. 7, 785–790 (1964); S. Seo et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5655–5657 (2004); H. D. Lee et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 193202 (2010); S. I. Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 023513 (2014); M.-J. Lee et al., Nano Lett. 9, 1476–1481 (2009)]. The nature of scattering should be understood based on switching mechanism and the source of scattering in order to improve switching properties. Here, the long tail in scatter data—the data points which are observed only one or two times during switching—was investigated. Techniques such as multiple input pulses are proposed in order to avoid switching missing and size scaling of switching devices are suggested in order to improve data scattering. In addition, discovery of double switching curves in unipolar switching is presented.
Sign choice for the index of refraction for arbitrary complex values of permittivity and permeability: Formal analysis
Authors: Wilson Gregory L. , Latypov Damir M.
Published: June 2014

It is shown that for an isotropic homogenous material region the expression for characteristic impedance Z=μc/n is more general than the usual expression Z=μ/ε. This alternative expression together with the condition Re(Z) ≥ 0 uniquely determines the sign of the index of refraction n=±cμε for all values of ε and μ. Thus, the celebrated Veselago's argument that n < 0 for real negative values of ε and μ is rigorously generalized. A discussion of physically realizable complex material parameters ensues by considering the prescribed sign choice of n together with energy conservation.
Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics
Authors: Street M. , Echtenkamp W. , Komesu Takashi , Cao Shi , Dowben P. A. , Binek Ch.
Published: June 2014

Boron doped chromia (Cr2O3) thin films with substitutional doping levels between zero and 3% are grown using pulsed laser deposition in borane background gases. Magnetometry reveals a tunable increase in the Néel temperature of the (0001) textured Cr2BxO3−x thin films at a rate of about 10% with 1% oxygen site substitution preserving a net boundary magnetization. Spin resolved inverse photoemission measured after magnetoelectric annealing in subsequently reversed electric fields evidences voltage-controlled reversal of boundary magnetization and thus magnetoelectricity of Cr2BxO3−x. Conservation of magnetoelectricity far above room temperature makes ultra-low power voltage-controlled spintronic devices feasible.
Comment on “High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of YBO3/Eu3+, GdBO3, and EuBO3: Pressure-induced amorphization in GdBO3” [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 043507 (2014)]
Authors: Errandonea D. , Muñoz A. , Gonzalez-Platas J.
Published: June 2014

High-pressure x-ray diffraction studies on vaterite-type borates were reported on the above paper and their room-temperature P-V equation of state (EOS) determined. YBO3/Eu3+ and GdBO3 were found to have bulk moduli around 320 GPa, 90% larger than the bulk modulus obtained for EuBO3. Consequently, it was stated that vaterite-type borates are as incompressible as cubic BN. Such a different compressional behavior of isomorphic borates contradicts the known systematic of related borates. Here, we show that the conclusions reported on the above article could be hindered by experimental errors and artifacts. Ab initio calculations support our criticism giving similar bulk moduli (130–141 GPa) in the three compounds. Based upon these arguments, we conclude that the high-pressure behavior of vaterite-type borates should be revised using accurate experimental techniques. Finally, a methodological critic on EOS fits and to structural refinements is also presented.
Conformal doping of topographic silicon structures using a radial line slot antenna plasma source
Authors: Ueda Hirokazu , Ventzek Peter L. G. , Oka Masahiro , Horigome Masahiro , Kobayashi Yuuki , Sugimoto Yasuhiro , Nozawa Toshihisa , Kawakami Satoru
Published: June 2014

Fin extension doping for 10 nm front end of line technology requires ultra-shallow high dose conformal doping. In this paper, we demonstrate a new radial line slot antenna plasma source based doping process that meets these requirements. Critical to reaching true conformality while maintaining fin integrity is that the ion energy be low and controllable, while the dose absorption is self-limited. The saturated dopant later is rendered conformal by concurrent amorphization and dopant containing capping layer deposition followed by stabilization anneal. Dopant segregation assists in driving dopants from the capping layer into the sub silicon surface. Very high resolution transmission electron microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, used to prove true conformality, was achieved. We demonstrate these results using an n-type arsenic based plasma doping process on 10 to 40 nm high aspect ratio fins structures. The results are discussed in terms of the different types of clusters that form during the plasma doping process.
Low-temperature nonlinear effects in the conductivity of lightly doped cuprates La2−xSrxCuO4 in antiferromagnetic state
Authors: Dalakova N. V. , Belevtsev B. I. , Belyaev E. Yu. , Panfilov A. S. , Bobrysheva N. P. , Selyutin A. A.
Published: June 2014

Low-temperature conductivity of antiferromagnetic cuprates La2−xSrxCuO4 prepared by solid-phase synthesis was investigated. The concentration of strontium in the samples was 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001. In the temperature range T < 100 K for all the samples the conduction mechanism corresponded to 3D variable-range hopping. For T > TN (where TN is the Neel temperature) a transition to the metallic type of conductivity was observed. Nonlinear effects in low-temperature conductivity, magnetoresistivity, as well as current-controlled negative differential resistance were found. It was established that the nonlinear behavior of conductivity intensified with decreasing the strontium concentration. For temperatures T < 10 K, the effect of positive magnetoresistance was observed. It is suggested that this effect can be attributed to the presence of a new low-temperature magnetic phase (spin density waves).
Looping and reconfiguration dynamics of a flexible chain with internal friction
Authors: Samanta Nairhita , Ghosh Jayanta , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: June 2014

In recent past, experiments and simulations have suggested that apart from the solvent friction, friction arising from the protein itself plays an important role in protein folding by affecting the intra-chain loop formation dynamics. This friction is termed as internal friction in the literature. Using a flexible Gaussian chain with internal friction we analyze the intra-chain reconfiguration and loop formation times for all three topology classes namely end-to-end, end-to-interior and interior-to-interior. In a nutshell, bypassing expensive simulations we show how simple models like that of Rouse and Zimm can support the single molecule experiment and computer simulation results on intra-chain diffusion coefficients, looping time and even can predict the effects of tail length on the looping time.
Planning Reform, Rescaling, and the Construction of the Postpolitical: The Case of the Planning Act 2008 and Nuclear Power Consultation in the UK
Authors: Johnstone Phil
Published: June 2014

This paper explores the relationship between ‘postpolitics' and processes of rescaling enacted through planning reform. It centres empirically on the policy shift which has occurred in planning since the inception of the Planning Act 2008—the new framework which will oversee the development of new nuclear power and other large-scale infrastructural developments in the UK. This act has radically altered the ways in which publics can engage with government policy. Using interview data gathered from participants in recent nuclear power consultations, as well as participants in the old inquiry-based system of the 1980s, it is argued that processes of rescaling through the Planning Act have diminished the ‘political opportunities' available for certain nongovernmental actors to intervene in the policy process. This has contributed to the postpoliticisation of the planning framework in certain arenas, which raises significant questions concerning public engagement and democratic accountability within the wider context of the modernisation of planning. The potential consequences of these developments are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of animal-welfare outcomes in helicopter shooting: a case study with feral dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Cowled Brendan D. , Perry Andrew L. , Miller Corissa J. , Jones Bidda , Hart Quentin
Published: June 2014

Context Helicopter shooting is a common and effective tool for reducing overabundant wildlife populations. However, there is little quantitative information on the humaneness of the method, leading to uncertainty in wildlife-management policy. There is, subsequently, a need for an improved understanding of the welfare implications of helicopter shooting. Aim A study was undertaken to infer the humaneness of helicopter shooting for a case study species, the feral dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Methods Seven post-mortem studies (n = 715) and one ante-mortem study (n = 192) were undertaken during routine helicopter shooting programs of free-ranging camels. In these studies, we measured four animal-welfare parameters to allow inference on the humaneness of the technique. These parameters were time to death, instantaneous death rate (proportion of animals for which time to death = 0), wounding rate and location of bullet-wound tract. We also modelled these welfare variables against hypothesised explanatory variables to assist improvement of future programs. Key results The mean wounding rate was 0.4%, and the killing efficacy of the technique was 99.6%. Mean time to death was 4 s, and mean instantaneous death rate was 83%. Each animal displayed a mean 2.4 bullet-wound tracts, with 75%, 63% and 35% of animals shot at least once in the thorax, cranium and cervical spine, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that the identity of the shooter and the nature of the local vegetation were the most important factors associated with an animal experiencing an inferred instantaneous death or not. Conclusions Helicopter shooting of feral camels produces a very low wounding rate and rapid time to death. Shooter identity is the most important consideration for determining animal-welfare outcomes. Improvements to the humaneness of programs can be made by increasing the rigour of shooter selection and training. Implications Wildlife killing methods must be demonstrated to be humane to receive public support; however, few shooting methods are objectively examined. Helicopter shooting can be independently examined and operators assessed. Adoption of this examination template may allow continual improvement by industry as well as increasing societal acceptance of helicopter shooting.