bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology for studying the combustion products composition from various materials
Authors: Копылов Николай Петрович , Сушкина Елена Юрьевна , Новикова Виктория Ивановна , Яшин Владимир Васильевич
Published: December 2021

Изложены методология и принципы лабораторного исследования состава продуктов горения различных материалов с использованием таких инструментов, как газовая и газожидкостная хроматография, масс-эффузио-спетрометрия. Большое внимание уделено применяемым в хроматографических колонках сорбентам и их температурным режимам, а также способам приготовления образцов для исследований. Рассмотрены вопросы детектирования различных компонентов в смеси продуктов горения. Результаты исследований продуктов горения разных материалов представлены в табличной форме, при этом в скобках указаны рассчитанные индексы токсичности С, оцененные по литературным данным (смертельная для человека концентрация при получасовой экспозиции).

The article discusses the issues of determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of the combustion products from synthetic and natural materials. Multicomponent mixtures of volatile combustion products contain compounds of inorganic and organic origin. To determine the composition of the combustion products from various materials there is proposed the methodology and principles of laboratory research using such instruments as gas and gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, and visible-field spectroscopy. These methods make it possible to identify certain chemicals. For example, organic compounds are analyzed by chromatography. Inorganic substances are determined by converting them into colored compounds and by analyzing their spectrum in the visible and ultraviolet regions. When developing methods of chromatographic and spectrophotometric studies, it is proposed first of all to identify the qualitative composition of combustion products based on information about the composition of polymer molecules of the studied natural or synthetic materials. Such an assessment, as an example, was made by studying the combustion products of polyethylene. The molecular weights were determined using the MX-1312 chromatomassefusiometer. To determine the molecular weight of a substance, a mathematic formula was obtained based on mathematical processing of experimental data. A special method has been developed to reduce the processing time of effusiograms (by 10-15 times). Much attention is paid to the sorbents used in chromatographic columns, their temperature conditions, and methods of preparing samples for research. Methods of identification of various components in a mixture of combustion products using various detectors are considered. The results of studies of the combustion products from different materials are presented in tabular form, with the calculated toxicity indices, С, estimated according to the literature data (lethal concentration for humans at half-hour exposure) are indicated in parentheses.
The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis — Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Jaaouani Ayman , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Popa Stefan-Lucian , Dumitrascu Dan-Lucian
Published: December 2021

Review question / Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the mean difference and AUROC of Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in NAFLD/NASH/liver fibrosis patients and controls in observational studies. Condition being studied: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multi-system disease, being mainly a liver pathology involving excessive hepatic fat accumulation unrelated to alcohol consumption or other secondary causes of hepatic steatosis. It is an emerging cause of concern and increasing clinical burden, imposing a public health challenge. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease and is predicted to be the most common indication for a liver transplant in Western countries by 2030, owing to a prevalence of 25% worldwide. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a scoring system based on body mass index, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and waist circumferences (WCs).
PREDICTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE USING ARIMA MODEL
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department Mathematics & Actuarial Science, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, 600048, India, Hebsiba beula D , Srinivasan S ,   Professor, Department Mathematics & Actuarial Science, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, 600048, India, Nanda Kumar C D ,   Associate Professor, Department Mathematics & Actuarial Science, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
Published: December 2021

The climate and weather system prediction has always attracted interest. Climate change risks including physical risks, liability risks and transition risks, it’s directly affecting the insurance industry. Climate change is majorly affecting the insurance sector; they are such as extreme heat during summer and extreme rainfall (Flood). It affects both insurance and reinsurance sector. Constructing the model is a necessary process but choosing the model which suits our data is very necessary. In those days the weather reports telecast in news but now even our smart phone notified the weather. In this paper study the climate prediction algorithms using R and also using Cost-free R language tool to forecast the climate using time ARIMA model for the Indian climate.
Fin de partie : retour sur l’interventionnisme militaire occidental, 1991-2021
Authors: Gautier Louis
Published: December 2021

Le retrait d’Afghanistan en août 2021, sur l’échec de l’engagement militaire des États-Unis et de leurs alliés, signe un changement d’approche dans la lutte armée contre le terrorisme et plus généralement un retournement de la politique occidentale d’interventions suivie depuis 1991. Américains et Européens ne peuvent plus compter sur une supériorité stratégique et tactique leur garantissant une faible prise de risque. Ils ont aussi pris conscience qu’en banalisant le recours à la force, ils ont incité d’autres à les suivre dans cette voie.
L’Union européenne, entre fragmentation et consolidation
Authors: Lefebvre Maxime
Published: December 2021

L’Union européenne (UE) a géré avec succès les effets de la pandémie de Covid-19 et le Brexit a renforcé la cohésion de l’UE autour de l’axe franco-allemand. La confrontation sino-américaine favorise l’unité européenne au sein de l’alliance occidentale. Les controverses sur l’« illibéralisme » peuvent être vues comme une européanisation de la politique intérieure. Pour autant, il n’est pas évident que ces constats entraînent une modification substantielle de l’équilibre entre l’Union et ses États membres.
Gouvernance économique européenne : entre erreurs passées et promesses d’avenir
Authors: Schmidt Vivien A. , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: December 2021

La crise de la zone euro avait marqué un véritable échec de la politique de l’Union européenne (UE), traduit en performances économiques médiocres et en érosion de sa légitimité politique dans les populations des États membres. La crise de la pandémie du Covid-19 a au contraire, après un flottement initial, montré toute sa réactivité, avec en particulier l’acceptation d’une dette commune. Ce nouveau départ de l’UE doit cependant être confirmé, à la fois politiquement et institutionnellement.
Sociétés pastorales et État au Mali : histoire d’un hiatus
Authors: Grémont Charles
Published: December 2021

L’héritage colonial français, repris par l’État malien indépendant, a plaqué sur une société malienne très diverse les structures d’un État surplombant, étranger aux modes d’organisation des sociétés pastorales, qui constituent une part importante de la population du pays et de la région. Il est sans doute temps d’abdiquer ce paradigme occidental pour aller vers des modes d’organisation politique plus souples, prenant en compte la diversité des sociétés et des organisations politiques.
L’orpaillage au Sahara : un défi pour la stabilité des États
Authors: Gagnol Laurent , Ahmet Tchilouta Rhoumour
Published: December 2021

En 2009, une ruée vers l’or a démarré au Soudan. Elle s’est propagée à travers le Sahara jusqu’à atteindre la Mauritanie en 2016. L’orpaillage a d’abord été vu comme une menace, susceptible d’alimenter les conflits et le terrorisme. Une perception plus positive a ensuite émergé, l’extraction du précieux minerai offrant de nouvelles perspectives à des populations marginalisées. L’or est une source de revenus et joue aussi un rôle de soupape politique et sociale pour ces régions instables.
Par la grâce d’Allah - Les talibans face au pouvoir
Authors: Racine Jean-Luc
Published: December 2021

Le départ américain négocié avec les talibans, sans le gouvernement de Kaboul, ouvrait la voie à l’Émirat islamique d’Afghanistan, restauré plus vite que prévu. Il faut maintenant gouverner et faire face à de multiples défis : crise économique nourrissant une crise humanitaire, menace de Daech, non-reconnaissance du régime par une communauté internationale divisée, attendant que les promesses d’ouverture se manifestent, sans succès plusieurs mois après le retour d’un régime dominé par les mollahs.
Pologne : la tentation autocratique peut-elle s’inverser ?
Authors: Mink Georges
Published: December 2021

Le système mis en place en Pologne par le le parti Droit et Justice (PiS) et la coalition qui le soutient s’appuie sur une communauté émotionnelle autour d’un dirigeant charismatique, et sur des décisions favorisant des classes populaires délaissées par la transition libérale. Le projet autocratique est porteur d’atteintes multiples à l’état de droit. Une certaine « fatigue » pourrait pourtant se manifester aux prochaines élections, confirmant les dernières mobilisations de rue, portées en particulier par la jeunesse.
New Simpson type inequalities for twice differentiable functions via generalized fractional integrals
Authors: You Xuexiao ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China, Hezenci Fatih , Budak Hüseyin , Kara Hasan ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
Published: December 2021

Fractional versions of Simpson inequalities for differentiable convex functions are extensively researched. However, Simpson type inequalities for twice differentiable functions are also investigated slightly. Hence, we establish a new identity for twice differentiable functions. Furthermore, by utilizing generalized fractional integrals, we prove several Simpson type inequalities for functions whose second derivatives in absolute value are convex.
Surimpressions : l’administration particulière des Indiens et les diverses configurations de l’esclavage indigène dans l’Amérique portugaise du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Marques Guida
Published: December 2021

Cet article aborde le problème posé par l’esclavage indien au Brésil pendant l’union dynastique des couronnes de Portugal et de Castille (1580-1640). Il était alors globalement banni dans l’Amérique espagnole mais toujours pratiqué dans l’ensemble de l’Amérique portugaise. L’examen de ses différents contextes au Brésil conduit à analyser, plus précisément, le phénomène de « l’administration particulière des Indiens » par des colons qui se développe durant cette période en marge du modèle de l’aldeamento. L’étude des interactions entre les dynamiques locales, atlantiques et impériales qui entourent cette pratique, permet de tisser un dialogue entre les divers versants de l’Amérique portugaise.
« L’état d’esprit » du sertão dans ses dessins cartographiques
Authors: Moura Denise Aparecida Soares de
Published: December 2021

L’arrière-pays vécu fait partie des thèmes de recherche sur l’histoire du Brésil colonial depuis la polémique qui opposa Sérgio Buarque de Holanda à Jaime Cortesão. Le « sertão comme état d’esprit », un des héritages épistémologiques de l’historien anglo-saxon A. J. R. Russell-Wood, a apporté de nouveaux éléments pour enrichir ce débat. Il est repris, dans cet article, à partir de la cartographie. Celle-ci offre en effet une perspective visuelle sur ce sertão existentiel qui a intrigué tant de grands noms de l’historiographie brésilianiste.
Entre arbítrios et tribunaux : les sujets ultramarins de la monarchie portugaise et la formulation du politique (1640-1670)
Authors: Loureiro Marcello José Gomes
Published: December 2021

À partir de quelques arbítrios [arbitrages], cet article analyse le mouvement des propositions, élaborées par les sujets portugais dans les espaces d’outre-mer, pour montrer comment la formulation de la politique portugaise pour les conquêtes n’a pas nécessairement été imposée par les centres de décision, mais a été effectivement construite dans les relations entre ces derniers et les localités périphériques de l’empire. Le contexte examiné est celui de la situation critique qui s’ouvre après la révolte portugaise pour l’indépendance de 1640, un temps de guerre et de refonte des hiérarchies territoriales. L’une des conclusions est que l’autorité du Conseil d’outre-mer s’est également tissée dans ces relations, et ne peut pas être comprise uniquement au sein de la seule sphère de la cour.
L’Église universelle du royaume de Dieu et la reconfiguration de la religion
Authors: Lehmann David
Published: December 2021

Cet article décrit comment l’Église universelle du royaume de Dieu (IURD) a puisé au-delà de l’héritage évangélique pour monter la chorégraphie et la scénographie de ses célébrations et de ses exorcismes. Les prescriptions de l’Ancien Testament y sont adaptées et vénérées, tandis que les esprits effrayants des religions de matrice africaine y sont soumis à des pratiques mélodramatiques de diffamation, d’apparition et d’expulsion (Birman 1998 ; 1996). Nous cherchons à savoir s’il est possible d’affirmer que cette Église pratique des rituels, au sens habituel du terme (Sperber 1996 ; Bloch 2004). La manière dont celle-ci, comme d’autres Églises et pasteurs pentecôtistes, rejette ou contourne les frontières conventionnelles entre les sphères religieuses et séculières, notamment celles de la politique, des affaires et des médias commerciaux, amène aussi à se demander si ces institutions sont fondées à bénéficier des protections et des exemptions qui leur sont habituellement accordées.
Histoire et mémoire d’une umbanda « franciscaine » au sud du Brésil dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : l’Abri spiritiste saint François d’Assise
Authors: Isaia Artur Cesar
Published: December 2021

Dans les années 1930 une nouvelle composante du champ religieux médiumnique et afro-brésilien naissait à Porto Alegre, capitale de l’État du Rio Grande do Sul : l’Abri spiritiste saint François d’Assise. Siège de la Congrégation des franciscains spiritistes d’umbanda, sa fondation confirmait la consolidation de l’umbanda dans le sud du Brésil. La Congrégation mit en avant les expériences et la mémoire religieuse de son fondateur, Laudelino Manoel de Souza Gomes, un officier de la marine brésilienne, noir, né un an après l’abolition de l’esclavage au Brésil, pour bâtir une réalité cultuelle extrêmement riche. On y retrouve des influences de ses voyages en tant que télégraphiste militaire qui lui firent découvrir diverses régions du Brésil et, d’après ses fidèles, plusieurs pays étrangers. La Congrégation s’inspire de deux influences principales : la naissante umbanda et le Tiers-Ordre de saint François. Ainsi, elle présente un panthéon varié allant du saint d’Assise aux esprits traditionnels de l’umbanda (ancêtres noirs esclaves et Amérindiens premiers maîtres de la terre), jusqu’à des évêques catholiques.
Les broyeurs en pierre en forme de doigt dans le sud-est de la Gaule romaine
Authors: Manniez Yves , Lauras Vincent
Published: December 2021

Cette étude recense 51 broyeurs en pierre en forme de doigt conservés dans les dépôts archéologiques et les musées d’une aire géographique qui comprend l’ancienne province de Narbonnaise ainsi que la région de Nice à l’est et celle de Lyon au nord. Elle donne l’occasion de faire le point sur l’origine de ces ustensiles de broyage, sur leur diffusion dans le monde gréco-romain et leurs utilisations possibles pendant une longue période qui va du ve s. av. J.-C. au iiie s. apr. J.-C. En complément du catalogue sont présentés 28 exemplaires provenant de Pompéi (Italie), qui servent de référentiel typologique et permettent d’enrichir le répertoire des formes.
Four species of anthidiine bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae) new to India
Authors: Sardar Sayan , Kasparek Max , Rameshkumar A. , Kazmi S.I.
Published: December 2021

We report for the first time in India one genus,BathanthidiumMavromoustakis, and the following four species of the bee tribe Anthidiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) based on material deposited at the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata:Anthidium(Anthidium)florentinum(Fabricius),Anthidium(Proanthidium)qingtaoiNiu and Zhu,Anthidiellum(Pycnanthidium)carinatum(Wu), andBathanthidium(Manthidium)binghami(Friese). Illustrations of each of these species are provided, together with the information about their distribution, floral association, and diagnostic features.
Safety, efficacy, surgical, and radiological outcomes of short segment occipital plate and C2 transarticular screw construct for occipito-cervical instability
Authors: Goparaju Praveen V. N. R. , Rangnekar Ameya , Chigh Amit , Raut Saijyot Santosh , Kundnani Vishal
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Our study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, clinicoradiological, functional, neurological outcomes, and complications of posterior occipitocervical fixation using an occipital plate and C1-2 transarticular screw (TAS) construct.

Study Design:

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Methods:

Data of 27 patients who underwent occipital plate and C1-2 TAS construct at a single institute from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Demographics, clinical parameters (Visual Analog Score, Oswestry Disability Index, and modified JOA score), radiological parameters – mean atlantodens interval, posterior occipitocervical angle, occipitocervical-2 angle, surgical parameters (operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, and fusion), and complications were evaluated.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 54.074 ± 16.52 years (18–81 years), the mean operative time was 116.29 ± 12.23 min, and the mean blood loss was 196.29 ± 38.94 ml. The mean hospital stay was 5.22 ± 1.28 days. The mean ± standard deviation follow-up duration was 62.52 ± 2.27 months. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters and radiological parameters postoperatively. One patient with implant failure, one patient with pseudoarthrosis, one with neurological deterioration, two wound complications, and two dural tears were noted.

Conclusion:

Posterior occipitocervical reconstruction with O-C1-2 TAS construct provided excellent clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, optimal correction of malalignment in the occipitocervical region, and with biomechanically sound fixation. Extending the instrumentation into the subaxial spine will lead to a decrease in the range of motion, increased surgical time, blood loss, more extensive muscle damage, and also increase the costs.
Correction of degenerative lumbar coronal deformity using asymmetrical interbody cages
Authors: Cheng Gloria Hui Min , Yap Wayne Ming Quan , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: December 2021

In adult degenerative spondylosis, much emphasis has been placed upon recognizing the sagittal plane deformity and techniques to restore this alignment. However, the coronal plane deformity has not received much attention and, if left uncorrected, may lead to poorer outcomes. Here, we present a case of degenerative lumbar scoliosis with a rigid coronal malalignment secondary to a dysplastic sacrum. We performed staged T11–pelvis lateral and posterior approach to address this deformity. For the first stage, a lateral lumbar interbody fusion was performed at the concavity of the curve from L3 to L5. For the second stage, through posterior approach, a long-segment instrumentation from T11 to pelvis was done along with bilateral asymmetrical posterior lumbar interbody fusion of L5–S1 to level the L5 vertebra at the hemi-curve, thereby leveling the coronal deformity. We propose, for cases with a rigid coronal deformity due to bony dysplasia, correction through the disc space using asymmetrical interbody cages as in this case offers the surgeon an option to achieve a desired correction, without the need for vertebral osteotomy.
Current surgical concepts for type III hiatal hernia: a survey among members of the Swiss Society of Visceral Surgery
Authors: Gerdes Stephan , Vetter Diana , Müller Philip C. , Kapp Joshua R. , Gutschow Christian A.
Published: December 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Surgery for large hiatal hernias has greatly evolved over the last decade, but there is an ongoing controversy regarding many technical aspects, such as the use of meshes or the necessity to add a fundoplication. The purpose of this survey was to assess the current spectrum of surgical care for mixed axial and paraoesophageal hiatal hernias (type III hiatal hernia) in Switzerland.
METHODS: In April 2020, we conducted a web-based survey comprising 25 questions on surgical management of type III hiatal hernia  among members of the Swiss Society for Visceral Surgery. The survey focused exclusively on primary hernias in an elective setting. Responses were graded on a five-point Likert scale and analysed using descriptive statistics. Consensus was defined as agreement (agree or strongly agree) ≥75%.
RESULTS: Forty-seven visceral surgeons with a median annual institutional caseload of 15 (interquartile range 10–30) type III hiatal hernia participated in the survey (response rate 15%). Agreement ≥75% was found for several basic technical steps (access via laparoscopy, hernia sac resection, preservation of vagus nerves, preservation of aberrant left hepatic artery, single-stitch posterior suture repair of hiatus with braided, non-resorbable material, complementary antireflux procedure). In contrast, consensus was not achieved for several important surgical details (mesh hiatoplasty, type of antireflux procedure, gastropexy, management of short oesophagus). A high percentage of participating surgeons experienced mesh related complications in their own or assigned patients: erosions (15% and 36%, respectively), stenoses (26% and 24%, respectively) and pericardial tamponades (9% and 15%, respectively). Nevertheless, hiatal reinforcement with mesh (in all or in selected cases) was reported by 91% of participants without consensus regarding mesh type, shape, placement and fixation technique.
CONCLUSIONS: Apart from a few generally accepted technical steps, surgical management of type III hiatal hernia is highly variable amongst visceral surgeons in Switzerland. Although mesh-related complications appear to be common, most Swiss surgeons report routine mesh use for hiatal reinforcement.
Variation terminologique en francophonie. Élaboration d’un modèle d’analyse des facteurs d’implantation terminologique
Authors:   , Kim Minchai
Published: December 2021

Our research aims to elucidate the factors that influence the terminological implantation of a term by proposing a new typology of those factors with a method revealing how their mechanism causes terminological variation in French-language ICT. We accomplish this through an analysis of four Francophone communities: France, Quebec, Belgium, and Switzerland. After establishing a new typology, which encompasses the terminological, socio-terminological, psycho-terminological, and extra-terminological factors, we propose a hypothetical model of their mechanism by introducing three statistical concepts—dependent, independent, and moderator variables—to elucidate these factors’ relationships. We verify our model in two steps. First, for the analysis of terminological and socio- terminological factors, we examine the relations between each factor and terminological implantation of 256 French ICT terms. For this, we begin by coding the terms according to a criterion established for each factor. We then carry out a correlation analysis with Spearman’s rank correlation. Second, we analyse the psycho-terminological and extra-terminological factors with statistical tests on the answers to our questionnaire, which show significant differences between these four linguistic communities. Our analysis confirms a significant difference between the three European countries and Quebec in the mechanism of the terminological implantation factors and we conclude that the psycho-terminological and extra-terminological factors play a decisive role in this difference, which we identify as diatopic.
Community Health Workers (CHWs) to Improve Primary Health Care Services Delivery: A Case of Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHV) Program in Nepal
Authors: Shahi Prakash , Tamang Pasang , Bhatta Surya , Rawal Lal
Published: December 2021

Community health workers (CHWs) have played a vital role in improving primary healthcare services in different parts of the world, in particular, for those services related to the prevention and control of communicable diseases, immunization services, reproductive health, maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS prevention and care and nutrition promotion. The Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) program, which was introduced in 1988 in Nepal, has now reached over 51,000 FCHVs. They are key community level CHWs in Nepal and have contributed significantly in achieving several health and related outcomes and meeting several Millennium Development Goals. In such, there is also a potential and needs for engaging them to prevent and control emerging health challenges such as non-communicable diseases prevention and control and re-emerging health issues. Their effective involvement to ongoing health programs would be critical to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, agenda in particular “SDG 3 – Health and Wellbeing” by 2030.
Speech, Language, Voice and Swallowing Problems of Individuals Who Are Over 65 From Three Different Perspectives: 65+ Individuals, Caregivers and Doctors
Authors: OĞUZ Özlem , ÖZZADE Özgenur
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This research aims to identify the problems which are experienced by individuals who are over 65 years old about language, speech, language, voice and swallowing. It is also intended to determine the opinions of doctors, caregivers about these problems and compare the opinions of these three different groups.
Method: The study was conducted with 3 different participant groups; aged 65 and over individuals, doctors and caregivers. Each group had 25 participants, in total 75. The data was obtained through face-to face interviews. Three equivalent interview questions prepared by the researches were used as data collection tool in the study. Descriptive and situational analysis were conducted.
Results: The participants who were aged 65 and over stated that they were satisfied with their speech and they did not have a hearing problem that affected their communications. It was also found that they stated that their voices did not change compared to the past. The caregivers stated that the most common problems related to communication attempts were hearing problems and memory impairments. The doctors also gave the same answers. They also stated that people 65 years and older were unable to express themselves effectively from time to time and this situation made the examination process harder for them.
Conclusion: The findings showed consistency with the literature findings. Although most of the findings related to 65+ individuals’ opinions were consistent with the literature, there were not with doctors’ and caregivers’. It shows that three groups should have some awareness about the problems which may be experienced during the aging process to detect possible disorders early, make the communication process smooth and have an effective treatment period.
Yaşlanmaya Bağlı Bireylerde Görülen Fizyolojik, Ruhsal, Sosyal Değişiklikler ve Korunmaya Yönelik Önlemler
Authors: KÜÇÜK Uçar , KARADENİZ Havva
Published: December 2021

Yaşlanma fizyolojik, ruhsal ve sosyal değişimlerin olduğu bir süreçtir. Yaşam süresinin artması, doğurganlık oranlarının azalması ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin artmasıyla yaşlı nüfus tüm dünyada ve Türkiye’de giderek artmaktadır. Artan nüfusun, yaşlanmaya özgü sağlık ve sosyal ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması gerekecektir. Bu nedenle yaşlılık dönemine ait fizyolojik, ruhsal ve sosyal özelliklerin bilinmesi, yaşlılara yönelik uygun hizmetlerin planlanması ve sunulması açısından önem kazanmaktadır. Yaşlıların dönem özelliklerinin bilinmesi, ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için yetersiz kalabilir. Çünkü yaşlı nüfusun fazla olması, sayının giderek artması, sahip olunan birden fazla kronik hastalık ve bazı yaşlıların evden çıkıp hizmet alma durumlarının olmayışı gibi sebepler sağlık sistemine aşırı yük olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlanmaya bağlı bireylerde görülen sağlık sorunlarına yer vererek korumaya yönelik öneriler sunmaktır.
Yerinde Yaşlanma ve Konutlarda Yaşama Mekanlarının Tasarımı
Authors: EYÜBOĞLU Hande , ZORLU Tülay
Published: December 2021

Fiziksel, algısal, zihinsel yeti kayıplarının ortaya çıktığı bir dönem olarak yaşlılık dönemi, yaşam alanını sınırlandığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde gündelik yaşamın büyük bölümü konut odaklı hale gelmektedir. Bu durum hem yaşam memnuniyetinde hem de aktif ve kaliteli yaşlanmada yaşlı kullanıcıların konut ve yakın çevre özelliklerinin önemini de ortaya koymaktadır. Yaşlılık sürecindeki yeti kayıpları, fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimler yaşlı kullanıcıların gereksinmelerini ve buna bağlı olarak fiziksel çevrelerinden beklentilerini değiştirmektedir. Değişen bu gereksinim ve beklentiler bir anlamda fiziksel çevrenin tasarım prensiplerinin ortaya konmasında yol gösterici olmaktadır. Yaşlılık döneminde alışkın olunan çevrede yaşamak yaşam memnuniyetinde önemli bir faktördür. Bu sebeple yaşlı kullanıcıların başkasına ihtiyaç duymadan, bağımsız olarak yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri yani yerinde yaşlanabilmelerinde, konutun iç mekan düzenlemesi ve bulunduğu çevrenin yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel özelliklerine, değişen gereksinim ve isteklerine uygun şekilde düzenlenmiş olması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yerinde yaşlanma için konutun iç mekan düzenlemesinde, tüm mekânlarda olduğu gibi gün içinde en çok vakit geçirilen yerler olarak yaşama mekânlarında da mekan örgütlenmesi ve donatı özellikleri yaşlı kullanıcıların gereksinim ve isteklerine uygun olmalıdır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, konutlardaki yaşama mekanlarının iç mekan düzenlemesine yönelik tasarım prensipleri ve donatı özelliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yaşlı kullanıcıların konutlarındaki yaşama mekanlarında şikayetçi oldukları hususların, ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 65 yaş ve üzeri yaş grubundan 70 kullanıcı ile önceden alınan randevular ile konutlarında yerinde tespit ve yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik programında analiz edilerek genel frekans dağılımları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada yaşlı kullanıcıların yaşama mekanlarında gerçekleştirdikleri eylemler, memnun ve şikayetçi oldukları hususlar, konuta ilişkin ihtiyaç, istek ve beklentileri belirlenmiş ve ardından bu veriler doğrultusunda iç mekan tasarımına yönelik tasarım/düzenleme önerileri sunulmuştur.
Estimating the Financial Incentive for Caribbean Teachers to Migrate: An Analysis of Salary Differentials using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Authors: George Gavin , Rhodes Bruce , Laptiste Christine
Published: December 2021

The teaching stock within the Caribbean region has been eroded by migration to developed countries. Higher potential earnings are one of the motivating factors to move abroad, but little is known about the extent of the income disparity between countries in the Caribbean and popular destination countries. Teacher salary comparisons are undertaken between selected countries in the Caribbean; Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia, and Jamaica and popular destination countries, namely; United Kingdom, United States, and Canada using a purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate. Results show that newly qualified teachers can earn substantially more abroad, with Canada paying over twice the PPP adjusted salary compared to that offered in Jamaica (133.1%) and Suriname (110.6%). The United States offers the highest earning increases for mid- and late career teachers at over three times that offered in Jamaica (214.5%) and Suriname (223.4%). Canada is a close second across all Caribbean countries, whilst the United Kingdom offers the smallest salary differentials at 153.6% for Jamaica and 64.8% for St. Lucia. The study further reveals that there are salary disparities within the Caribbean, which may be a motivating factor for intra-regional migration.
FEATURES OF USING MOOC RESOURCES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Kagazbayev Zhanbyrbay , Tokpayeva Nazym
Published: December 2021

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is part of the big invention of technology in education nowadays. With the existence of technology in today’s world, technology currently acts a big role and invention in the 21st century teaching and learning. Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is widely known by most universities all over the world. Most universities have started to implement the combination of MOOC and traditional classroom as part of the teaching and learning process especially in ESL learning. In Kazakhstan, English language is well-known for its role as the second language and English language is not only used in the primary and secondary level of education, but also in tertiary level of education. Thus, in relation to that, this paper intended to study students’ acceptance and perceptions on the use of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for ESL learning. A document analysis method is used through the secondary resources regarding MOOC and in what ways MOOC helps for ESL learning. Discussion and recommendations are further explained in this study
INTERACTION OF LANGUAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF TRILINGUAL EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Knol Marina , Assanova Dariya
Published: December 2021

There is no country in the modern world where all citizens speak only one language. Anyone who knows several languages well feels comfortable in a globalized world, a huge information flow is available to him. This expands opportunities in study and work. That is why multilingualism in Kazakhstan was initially considered as a communicative adaptation of citizens. Trilingual education in Kazakhstan is the dictate of the time. The idea of its implementation is connected with the expansion of knowledge and skills, as well as the development of mutual understanding between people, which cannot be achieved without knowledge of languages.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES BASED ON A META-SUBJECT APPROACH
Authors: Sattarova Aruzhan , Ustelimova Natalya
Published: December 2021

The ability to overcome life collisions, the ability to find new, non-standard solutions to problems - these qualities are relevant in the modern world. Changes in society entail changes in the upbringing of schoolchildren, and this is due to the individual, personal and professional qualities of a teacher, such as: organization, increased self-esteem and professional competence, focus on results. The level of development of children's creativity, their readiness to study at school and for life, also depends on the professionalism of teachers. It is the teacher, as a universal specialist, who, when planning and organizing classes in different subjects, is able to identify characteristic subject relationships, determine the necessary means of teaching and development of schoolchildren, and also design identical results of educational activities in several educational areas. Meta-subject approach is a means of achieving a meta-subject result. The main goal of the meta-subject approach in teaching is: the development and qualitative renewal of pedagogical activities, and the improvement of the quality of education.
ACMEORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS IN THE INTEGRATED EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Taikumanova Mahabbat , Uteubayeva Elmirа
Published: December 2021

In this article, the problems of the teacher's professional development, as well as the pedagogical conditions of the acmeoriented mentoring within educational institutions are being examined. The characteristics of mentoring, the features of the integrated educational space of pedagogical education in the training of teachers also had been presented here. Nowadays, the need for mentoring is quite urgent to an extent that a modern teacher must be able to instantly 'react' to the ongoing changes within the educational system. A proper 'response' to such metamorphoses in the institutional environment is required such that it's encompassing alterations of the educational program's content, the introduction of brand-new teaching methods and technologies. Mentoring is organically combining acmeorinted professional development, its personalization, and guarantees a holistic approach to each teacher. It's believed by us that mentoring allows us to expand applied professional skills and competencies. The following paper represents a general experience of the educational mentoring process, in particular, considering the use of mentoring in the advancement of acting teachers' qualifications. An important role plays an innovative project of advanced training courses, "Pro-teaching", established collectively with Karaganda Buketov University and aimed at developing new training programs.
GECEM Project Database
Authors: Pérez García Manuel , Diaz-Ordoñez Manuel
Published: December 2021

GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu. URI: https://www.gecemdatabase.eu/ URI: https://www.gecem.eu
MODEL PODELE VLASTI U PRVOM USTAVU PRVE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE – VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Bataveljić Dragan , Vojinović Dragan , Logarušic Dejan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the co-authors first analyzed the meaning and scope of the provisions of Vidovdan Constitution, as well as the circumstances that preceded its adoption. They include, among other things, the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that took place on December 1st, 1918 in Belgrade, then, the constitutional provisional arrangement, as well as various debates held at the Constitutional Convention. Also, it should be mentioned that the final adoption of this Constitution was preceded by several constitutional drafts, so, the co-authors of this paper hope that their legal analysis will attract the attention of contemporary and future constitutionalists and legal historians. In the text that follows, the co-authors will attempt to shed the light on both social and political aspects of the conflicts of that time and clashes in the Assembly. The central part of the paper is dedicated to the issue of the organization of government (administration) in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes based on Vidovdan Constitution. Namely, from the date of merging into a common state, until the date of the adoption of this Constitution, there was rather a long lapse of time, more than two and a half years. This created a lot of problems and the principle issue was the struggle to consolidate a newly formed state. Such constitutional provisional arrangement left a number of adverse consequences since the decisions passed by the Government established just temporary, provisional constitutional arrangements. Of course, at the given moment they were of great significance, but they generated the constitutional and legal framework of the newly formed state.
NARODNA SKUPŠTINA PO VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Šturanović Petar
Published: December 2021

The author gives his view of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes of 1921, pointing out its importance at that time, but also its shortcomings. The choice of a centralist, unitary state system is recognized as one of the basic aspirations of the constitution-maker, that resulted in the king's dominant position as an integrative element, which made it impossible to establish (un)wanted balances between the king and parliament. In institutional terms, orleans parliamentarism is analyzed as an established type of parliamentary system of government, and also its functioning in practice. The author analyzed the constitutional position of the National assembly, emphasizing its weakness in relations with the king, explaining instruments such as the absolute legislative veto, through which the king exercised supremacy in the legislative sphere despite the constitutional proclamation to exercise legislative competence jointly. The unlimited right to dissolve the assembly, despite the undivided opinion of the constitutional theory on the prohibition of successive dissolution, further weakened the position of the National assembly, and established the king as an inviolable arbiter in resolving parliamentary crises, which may ultimately confront the people's will. The king's unrestricted right to dissolve parliament usurped the budgetary right of the National assembly, as one of the foundations of the parliamentary system, which further made it possible for the executive to rule without a budget. Constrained by the constitutional arrangement, insufficient representative functions, burdened by the democratic deficit, the National assembly proved to be weak in articulating various political interests, but was the scene of party and national tensions.
UPRAVNO SUDSTVO PREMA VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Jovanović Zoran , Andonović Stefan
Published: December 2021

The Vidovdan Constitution of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is one of the most important monuments of regional history of constitutional law. Adopted in 1921, in order to determine the basic principles of state and social organization, the Vidovdan Constitution contained certain provisions that are still acceptable today 100 years later. Moreover, the Vidovdan Constitution represents one of the most important moments in the creation of the administrative judiciary of the states that later emerged in the territory of the Kingdom. Namely, the literature states that the organization of the administrative judiciary, provided by the Constitution, leads to the most significant period in the development of the administrative judiciary (in Serbia) from its founding in 1869 until the Second World War. In this regard, as one of the most important aspects, authors emphasize the introduction of a two-tier administrative judiciary, with significant guarantees of professionalism in the selection of judges. Having in mind its significance in the history of the administrative judiciary, the authors will analyze the basic constitutional norms regarding the legal nature and organization of the administrative judiciary. Also, the research will include the issue of the position of judges of the administrative court and members of the State Council. In addition to the constitutional provisions, paper gives mentions to relevant provisions of the Law on the State Council and Administrative Courts, as well as the Decree on the State Council and Administrative Courts adopted shortly after the Vidovdan Constitution.
IZVRŠNA VLAST U VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   Faculty of State and European Studies in Podgorica, Blažić Đorđije , Kovačević Anika ,   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the provisions of the Vidоvdan Constitution which regulate the position and competence of the executive branch. With the Vidovdan Constitution, the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes was proclaimed a constitutional parliamentary and hereditary monarchy in which the King has a central constitutional position and the position of an undisputed holder of executive power. The executive power is made available to the king, which is exercised by the ministers for him, with him and his subordinates. Ministers form the Council of Ministers (Government) and are at the head of certain administrative departments. Although the Constitution proclaimed parliamentarism, there was no classic parliamentary responsibility of ministers before the Assembly. The king was a political factor that enters the field of competence of other holders of power, and thus the division of power provided by the constitution "falls away". The king's power extends to the civil and military field of life of the state, to the external and internal spheres. Although the adoption of the Vidovdan Constitution aimed to create a unified system of organization and division of power, the internal state and political situation in the country, after the adoption of the Constitution, became more complicated and filled with frequent ministerial crises and conflicts of political parties. The King's domination and his frequent "going out" outside the constitutional framework resulted in increasing centralization and, in the end, a coup d'etat and the establishment of King Alexander Karadjordjevic's personal dictatorship.
ZAŠTITA IZBORNOG PRAVA PO VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Niš, Nastić Maja
Published: December 2021

Considering that electoral right is a fundamental political right and an important element of the electoral system, in this paper, we analyze how the protection of this right is ensured in the constitutional framework set a century ago with the adoption of Vidovdan Constitution. The development path of electoral law is the development path of democracy and through the mechanisms of its protection, we can argue about the degree of development of democracy and the extent to which efforts were made to ensure the fairness of elections. The structure of the paper is determined in such a way that we first observe the normative framework for exercising the electoral right. After that, the protection of electoral rights will be analyzed in terms of substantive and procedural guarantees. This paper aims to determine the basic features of the protection of the electoral rights, to take a look at the degree of development of democracy.
PROŠIRIVANjE TRADICIONALNE USTAVNE MATERIJE –SOCIJALNE I EKONOMSKE ODREDBE U VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU
Authors:   University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies in Belgrade, Simović Darko , Krstić-Mistridželović Ivana
Published: December 2021

The final establishment of a unified Yugoslavian state, as the fundamental reason behind the adoption of the Vidovdan Constitution, contributed to the overshadowing of all other characteristics of this act by the unified state system. Although it is one of the common conceptions that the Vidovdan Constitution had to a great extent copied the economic and social provisions of the Weimar Constitution, much less attention was given to the fact that the nature of this constitution, as the highest legal act, was somewhat modified. Comparatively, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was amongst the first to transform their constitution from a purely organizational-constitutive act by implementing elements of an economic and social charter as a future-ready program. The constitution is no longer only a constitutive act of a state, it simultaneously serves as an act that transforms the state from a political organization into a social and cultural community. In addition, although the Weimar Constitution was an exemplary model, the framers of the Vidovdan constitution were not plagiarizers, as they were original in many of their provisions. Distinctive constitutional provisions were the result of complex socio-political circumstances at the time that the framers of the constitution had to consider in order for the constitution to be adopted.