bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teologia wystroju kościoła Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Krakowie przy ulicy Łobzowskiej 10
Authors: Bartkowiak Lucjan
Published: January 2025

This paper has been written in the context of reconstruction of the lost element of church decor – templon, cancelli. The author set himself as a target the theological interpretation of sense and meaning of templon, which has been designed in the spirit of early Christian art and architecture. The point of departure for interpretation of the templon is the early Christian concept of symbol, which is the tool of revelation of supernatural reality. Every symbol in this church should be read and interpreted in the context of liturgy. Consequently the templon marks the sanctuary of church, which communicates the unity and synthesis of the heavenly liturgy and the earthly liturgy, and the communication between heavenly and earthly spheres. Two elements in the bottom of the altar wall bring important meaning. These are the dove and the menorah. The dove symbolizes the presence of God in the heavenly liturgy of Apocalypse (Rev. 4:5). The menorah alludes to the seven candelabras near the heavenly throne. There is also allusion to the lamb, which has been introduced into the throne. The altar is the symbol of Christ, but it gives direction to prayer and worship. The pulpit is collocated in the space of congregation. Both the altar and the pulpit are connected by an axis, which gives dynamism to the spiritual life. The altar and the pulpit are symbols of heavenly and earthly Jerusalem. The templon, which marks the presbytery of the church symbolises also the most sacred place beyond the curtain in the Jerusalem temple. However all the faithfull in the church, who participate in the liturgy, enjoy direct and open access to this holy place, because they have been initiated in the mystery by the Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist. The templon visualises the sanctum, the most holy place in the milieu of Christian church.
Seminarium zmartwychwstańców. Dialog architektury z myślą współczesną
Authors: Tabor Dariusz
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the architecture of seminary of Resurrectionists in Kraków, build from 1985 to 1996. The analysis of the architectonical form discovers the antinomies and contrasts between elements of form. The complex of seminary was founded on an axis called the Path of the Spirit. This path goes throughout four symbolic gates – the Gate of Initiation, the Gate of Hope, the Gate of Knowledge and the Gate of Faith. The structure of architecture was confronted with three texts. The pastoral constitution “Gaudium and Spes” of the Council Vatican II describes the situation of contemporary mankind. “Formation in the Spirituality of Resurrectionists” considers the condition of a candidate to the consecrated life in the Congregation of the Resurrection “Gloss” – poetic text in which Dariusz Kozlowski, the main architect, reflects on the architecture and reveals its meaning. All these texts show the situation and condition of the contemporary human person. Their analogy with the architecture of the seminary convinces us that architecture is also connected with basic experience of mankind. The postmodernist architecture with its decomposed form is searching its new composition. It is possible in the resurrectionists seminary, where the architecture expresses.
Kuszenie św. Antoniego Lucjana Wędrychowskiego (1886). O obrazie i jego związkach z mistyką chrześcijańską
Authors: Nawracaj Alicja
Published: January 2025

Kraków artist Lucjan Wędrychowski (1854–1934) painted the Temptation of St. Anthony in 1886. Nowadays the painting stays in the National Museum of Kraków. The painter fulfilled the conditions of academic religious painting that had been written down in 1884 by Władysław Łuszczkiewicz, polish painter and conservator. The conception of temptation by Wędrychowski is completely different from other known examples of that motive in 19th century – Anthony is not presented as a madman (like in Gustave Flaubert’s book titled Temptation of St. Anthony) but as a mystic. The eremite on the painting is experiencing the dark night of the senses, the dark night of the soul or the mystical death, which conducts him to experience of union with God. The article presents the interpretation of the painting as it used Christian mysticism. It also includes: Wędrychowski’s biography, possible inspirations from his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and the School of Fine Arts in Kraków and terms of Carmelite Christian mysticism which could have an impact on that motif.
Re-orienting Shan Migrant Masculinities in Chiang Mai’s Queer Sexual Commodity
Authors:   Social Science (International Program), Faculty of Social Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kosem Samak ,   Center of Excellence on Women and Social Security, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Published: January 2025

This article explores transnational sexualities as experienced by Shan migrantsin Thailand. It focuses on how their bodies and masculinities are shaped by the circulation of sexual discourses, practices, and subjectivities across national contexts. By examining the sex work undertaken by Shan men, this article provides a nuanced picture of their labor that considers the effects of migration and mobility on local and national modes of desire. It aims to provide a deeper understanding of Shan identity politics, viewed through the lens of ‘body, masculinity, and nationality’ in the commodification of masculinity. It highlights the articulation of Shan masculinities, which have been exoticized and commodified, leading to the presentation of hypermasculinity in gay bars. Conceptually, this research draws on Sara Ahmed’s idea of ‘orient’ to challenge the desire for migration. It suggests that Shan men’s experiences of resistance in Thailand create a unique modality of their masculinities, effectively rendering them alien. Their personal experiences of alienation illustrate a dual sense of being aliens—both as immigrants and as sex workers. Thus, this research argues that the representation of masculinity is not a fixed entity but rather a contingent, crafted, and contested one. Furthermore, it contends that this articulation of masculinity is ethnicized within webs of power and capital, showing how Shan masculinities are influenced by and respond to their complex socioeconomic environment.
Basic research for ultrasound-guided injection into skeletal muscle lesions in an experimental animal model
Authors: Fujimoto Kiyomitsu , Kanamoto Takashi , Otani Shunya , Miyazaki Ryo , Ebina Kosuke , Nakata Ken
Published: January 2025

Aims

Ultrasound-guided injection techniques are expected to enhance therapeutic efficacy for skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, but basic knowledge is lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for abnormal skeletal muscle lesions, and to examine the distribution patterns of solution and cells injected into abnormal muscle lesions under ultrasound guidance.

Methods

A cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model was used. Briefly, CTX was injected into tibialis anterior muscle in rats under ultrasound observation. First, the diagnostic accuracy of abnormal muscle lesions on ultrasound was examined by comparing ultrasound findings and histology. Next, Fast Green solution and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled cells were simultaneously injected into the abnormal muscle lesions under ultrasound guidance, and their distribution was evaluated.

Results

Evaluation of short-axis ultrasound images and cross-sectional histological staining showed a strong correlation (r = 0.927; p < 0.001) between the maximum muscle damage area in ultrasound and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining evaluations. Histological analysis showed that ultrasound-guided injection could successfully deliver Fast Green solution around the myofibres at the site of injury. In contrast, the distribution of injected cells was very localized compared to the area stained with Fast Green.

Conclusion

This experimental animal study demonstrated the potential of ultrasound to quantitatively visualize abnormalities of skeletal muscle. It also showed that ultrasound-guided injections allowed for highly accurate distribution of solution and cells in abnormal muscle tissue, but the patterns of solution and cell distribution were markedly different. Although future studies using a more clinically relevant model are necessary, these results are important findings when considering biological therapies for skeletal muscle injuries and disorders.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2025;14(1):33–41.
Hacia una filología verde: Sobre Francisco González Díaz (1866–1945), ecologista avant la lettre
Authors: Henríquez José Manuel Marrero
Published: January 2025

Resumen: Francisco González Díaz realizó una vasta labor periodística en pro de la repoblación forestal, puso en pueblos y sociedades su oratoria a favor de los árboles y logró instituir la fiesta del Día del Árbol. Fue un animalista convencido, y al defender los derechos de seres que consideró sintientes y capaces de razonamiento dedicó gran parte de su obra. Fue también González Díaz un promotor del turismo, en cuyo desarrollo ponderado vio una fuente de ingresos, un acicate para el cuidado paisajístico y un vehículo efectivo para el enriquecimiento cultural del pueblo y para el establecimiento de una identidad nacional cosmopolita y abierta a influencias extrañas. Inspirado por la pedagogía al aire libre de Pestalozzi y de Fröbel, y con una escritura avezada en los hallazgos modernistas de correspondencias entre órdenes dispares de la realidad, Francisco González Díaz merece una filología verde que lo rescate del olvido y que sitúe su obra y el complejo entramado de su pensamiento en un lugar de relevancia en el marco de las literaturas hispánicas. En Canarias y a caballo de los siglos diecinueve y veinte, Francisco González Díaz se adelantó a los retos que las Humanidades Ambientales enfrentan hoy en la era del Antropoceno, pues con clarividencia ecológica consideró las condiciones de los paisajes y de los seres que en ellos habitan síntomas de la calidad de la cultura y de la salud democrática de las naciones.
Civilización sostenible y barbarismo extractivo en Alberto Nin Frías: Nuevas configuraciones de viejos binarismos (Argentina, 1920–1930)
Authors: Giaudrone Carla
Published: January 2025

Resumen: Alberto Nin Frías emplea la temática del culto universal al árbol para cuestionar explícitamente la explotación intensiva de la naturaleza como fuente principal de riqueza y desarrollo. En El culto al árbol: ensayo de interpretación de la naturaleza de las plantas y sus efectos sobre el alma humana , el autor retoma la dicotomía civilización-barbarie, pero amolda los términos de la oposición en base a la rápida devastación de bosques argentinos y sus consecuencias desastrosas para el medio ambiente, la economía y la sociedad en general. Si durante el siglo 19 y las primeras tres décadas del 20, la noción prevalente de "civilización" exigía que se dominaran la naturaleza "salvaje" y las formas "primitivas" de vida que aquella albergaba, en Nin Frías la acción civilizadora apuesta por una relación de respeto mutuo entre los humanos y el medio ambiente. Al exponer sobre los peligros de la sobreexplotación, promover la efectividad de proyectos de forestación y reforestación e insistir en un cambio de mentalidad mediante programas de educación ambiental para niños y adolescentes, los trabajos sobre el "culto al árbol" de Nin Frías anticipan conceptos actuales de la ética ecológica como la sostenibilidad, la solidaridad y la justicia intergeneracional e interespecífica.
Parallel multi-frame blind deconvolution with the macopt minimizer based on NUMA nodes
Authors: Li Wentao , Liu Jin , Yang Huizhe , Liu Xuewen , Liang Yonghui
Published: January 2025

Multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) can obtain high-resolution images degraded by the atmospheric turbulence with limited prior information, but it is time-consuming. To improve the efficiency of MFBD, we integrate the macopt minimizer into the alternate minimization framework and investigate the detailed parallelization methods using a message passing interface (MPI) and open multiprocessing (OpenMP) based on a multicore architecture. Three sets of simulated seasat images with sizes of 128 ∗ 128, 256 ∗ 256, 512 ∗ 512, and one set of real solar observations with size of 1600 ∗ 1600 are used for restoration experiments. Experimental results indicate that the MFBD using the macopt minimizer (MFBD-M) can achieve faster execution speed while maintaining the image restoration quality compared to the MFBD using a Brent line search method (MFBD-B), and the speedup ratios are 2.76, 2.57, 2.48, and 2.81, respectively. The parallel MFBD with macopt using MPI (PMPI-MFBD-M) can achieve speedup ratios of 7.87, 9.26, 10.22, and 5.98 compared to the MFBD-M. Meanwhile, the restoration quality of PMPI-MFBD-M can hold almost the same as that of the MFBD-M. Furthermore, by changing the data precision from double precision (DP) to single precision (SP) and the FFT type from complex-to-complex (C2C) to real-to-complex (R2C), the PMPI-MFBD-M achieves additional speedup ratios of 3.0, 3.21, 3.88, and 3.69 respectively.
Spatially separated frequency-scanning heterodyne interferometer for absolute length measurement of opaque blocks
Authors: Li Xing-He , Wang Bing-Jie , Ai Ling-Hao , Yang Shan-Qing , Wang Qing-Lan , Liu Qi
Published: January 2025

A double ended frequency-scanning heterodyne interferometer was established in our previous work for absolute length measurement of opaque blocks. We found that cyclic nonlinearity errors, caused by incorrect adjustments and defects of optical components, exist in this interferometer. These errors are significant and difficult to avoid. To address this issue, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method based on a spatially separated frequency-scanning heterodyne interferometer is proposed and discussed in this paper. In this new method, beams with different frequencies are spatially separated, and the polarization states are never mixed, which reduces the cyclic nonlinearity errors in principle.
Geosynchronous orbit-based Earth radiation measurement system
Authors: Lin Yuchen , Ye Xin , Wu Duo , Zhang Hanyuan , Jiang Ye , Dong Hang , Luo Zhitao
Published: January 2025

We have designed a set of Earth radiation measurement systems based on a segmented aperture method, which can be deployed in geosynchronous orbit. This system includes a four-channel radiometer and a nine-channel multispectral camera. The four-channel radiometer adopts a Cassegrain telescope system as the initial structure and combines segmented aperture technology to achieve simultaneous measurements of four Earth radiation bands (0.3∼50µm, 0.3∼4.3µm, 4.3∼50µm, and 0.7∼4.3µm). The radiometer is equipped with two linear array thermopile detectors to capture images from the four channels, with a spatial resolution of up to 20 kilometers. The nine-channel multispectral camera uses different subsystems sharing a single primary system to achieve simultaneous full-disk observations of Earth in nine independent bands ranging from 0.44 to 2µm. This camera employs a Si detector and three InGaAs detectors to acquire Earth spectral images in the visible and infrared bands, respectively. The Earth radiation measurement system designed in this paper, based on geostationary orbit, accurately identifies surface and atmospheric scene types through a nine-channel multispectral camera. Combined with the multi-band radiation measurements from the radiometer, it enables in-depth analysis of the radiative characteristics of each scene, allowing for a more precise evaluation of the impact of various radiative forcing factors on Earth's energy budget.
Performance simulations for a spaceborne ozone lidar mission
Authors: Jin Xiang , Fan Guangqiang , Zhang Tianshu , Zhang Bowen , Mu Xi , Xiang Yan , Chen Jinxin , Liu Wenqing
Published: January 2025

The future range resolved spaceborne ozone differential absorption lidar (SODIAL) is expected to fill the current observation gap, especially in areas where in-situ observation and passive remote sensing are difficult. The spaceborne ozone lidar preparatory research mission (SOLPRM) proposed by the State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense, People's Republic of China, aims to develop the SODIAL. This study globally simulated and estimated the observational performance of SODIAL through MERRA-2, CALIPSO, and GOME-2 satellite data. The results show that 72.44% of the measurement errors are less than 30% at 5 km and only 0.31% of the monthly average measurement errors are greater than 10% at 20 km in the 1°× 1° grid under the conditions of 350 km orbital altitude, 5W average transmission power, 2 m telescope diameter, 1 km vertical resolution and 140 km horizontal resolution. The impact of frequency stability and broadening for the emitted laser is less than 2% on the performance of SODIAL. The measurement error caused by the variation of absorption cross-section with temperature can reach 5%. The variation of aerosol concentration, lidar ratio, and Angstrom exponent will lead to the variation of measurement error in the range of 5%-50%, which mainly appears in the lower troposphere, especially in the planetary boundary layer. Due to the shorter wavelength of SODIAL, the variation in measurement error is usually less than 0.3% below 20 km due to changes in surface reflectance. This study is of guiding significance for the development of spaceborne ozone lidar.
Dynamic modulation of spot-ring mode distribution in a high-power fiber laser utilizing a triple-structure long-period fiber grating
Authors: Kong Qingqing , Jiao Kerong , Zheng Yunhan , Yue Hangyu , Ning Chaoyu , Zhu Rihong , Shen Hua
Published: January 2025

High-power spot-ring fiber lasers effectively suppress metal spatter in laser manufacturing such as power battery welding. Increasing expectations regarding processing quality have necessitated the incorporation of additional ring beams to enhance the preheating effect. However, traditional dual-core fiber methods are limited by the waveguide structure. To address this challenge, we propose a dynamic modulation method for spot-ring mode distributions in high-power fiber lasers by utilizing a triple-structure long-period fiber grating (LPFG). The LPFG was temperature-tuned to achieve three types of spot-ring beams with different mode distributions. A triple-structure LPFG was fabricated in a 14/250 fiber, and a kilowatt-level fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system was established for verification. Experimental results show that the LPFG can effectively generate Gaussian, spot-single-ring, spot-double-ring, and spot-triple-ring beams with an insertion loss of 0.07 dB. The proposed approach is an effective method for dynamically adjusting the mode distributions in high-power fiber lasers.
A method for reducing specular reflections in Mueller matrix imaging
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , Pardo Iago , Bian Subiao , Pascual Esther
Published: January 2025

Mueller matrix polarimetry has emerged as a powerful tool for non-destructive optical analysis of biological tissues and bioorganic materials, offering detailed insights into polarization-specific properties such as diattenuation, retardance, and depolarization. However, the accurate application of Mueller matrix polarimetry in biological media is often hindered by specular reflections, which obscure signals from deeper tissue layers and degrade the sample visualization and the polarimetric data quality. Existing methods to minimize specular reflection have limitations, especially in clinical or in-vivo settings where sample positioning is constrained. Here, we introduce a new approach for avoiding or reducing specular highlights without having to reduce light's intensity. By using near-cross-polarization states between the polarization state state generator and analyzer, we demonstrate that one can obtain an enhanced visualization of tissue structures, reduce the appearance of specular reflections and improve polarimetric contrast.
Short- and long-range roles of UNC-6/Netrin in dorsal-ventral axon guidance in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hooper Kelsey M. , Jain Vedant D. , Gormly Celeste J. , Sanderson Brian J. , Lundquist Erik A.
Published: January 2025

Recent studies in vertebrates and Caenorhabditis elegans have reshaped models of how the axon guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin functions in dorsal-ventral axon guidance, which was traditionally thought to form a ventral-to-dorsal concentration gradient that was actively sensed by growing axons. In the vertebrate spinal cord, floorplate Netrin1 was shown to be largely dispensable for ventral commissural growth. Rather, short range interactions with Netrin1 on the ventricular zone radial glial stem cells was shown to guide ventral commissural axon growth. In C. elegans, analysis of dorsally-migrating growth cones during outgrowth has shown that growth cone polarity of filopodial extension is separable from the extent of growth cone protrusion. Growth cones are first polarized by UNC-6/Netrin, and subsequent regulation of protrusion by UNC-6/Netrin is based on this earlier-established polarity (the Polarity/Protrusion model). In both cases, short-range or even haptotactic mechanisms are invoked: in vertebrate spinal cord, interactions of growth cones with radial glia expressing Netrin-1; and in C. elegans, a potential close-range interaction that polarizes the growth cone. To explore potential short-range and long-range functions of UNC-6/Netrin, a potentially membrane-anchored transmembrane UNC-6 (UNC-6(TM)) was generated by genome editing. unc-6(tm) was hypomorphic for dorsal VD/DD axon pathfinding, indicating that it retained some unc-6 function. Polarity of VD growth cone filopodial protrusion was initially established in unc-6(tm), but was lost as the growth cones migrated away from the unc-6(tm) source in the ventral nerve cord. In contrast, ventral guidance of the AVM and PVM axons was equally severe in unc-6(tm) and unc-6(null). Together, these results suggest that unc-6(tm) retains short-range functions but lacks long-range functions due to reduced secreted UNC-6. Ectopic unc-6(+) expression from non-ventral sources did not dramatically perturb dorsal VD growth cone polarity or axon outgrowth, suggesting that ectopic UNC-6 cannot redirect polarity once it is established in the VD/DD neurons. This is not what would be expected of a growth cone dynamically reading a gradient of UNC-6, but is consistent with the Polarity/protrusion model of growth cone guidance away from UNC-6/Netrin.
High coverage and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in two vulnerable areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Muhammed Nazmul , De Allegri Manuela , Bonnet Emmanuel , Sarker Malabika , Goudet Jean-Marc , Franceschin Lucas , Ridde Valéry
Published: January 2025

Bangladesh completed a primary series of COVID-19 vaccinations for about 86 individuals per 100 population as of 5 July 2023. However, ensuring higher coverage in vulnerable areas is challenging. We report on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among adults in two vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study between August and September 2022 in Duaripara, a slum in northeast Dhaka (in-migration site), and Tala, a disaster-prone sub-district in southwest Satkhira (out-migration site). We surveyed 1,239 adults in Duaripara and 1,263 adults in Tala from 625 and 596 randomly selected households, respectively. We reported coverage and examined associations between the uptake and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics using multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear regression models. We checked for spatial autocorrelation to assess geographical patterns in vaccine distribution. First- and second-dose coverage was about 91% and 80.4% in Duaripara and 96.6% and 92.2% in Tala, respectively. Individuals above 40 were more likely to be vaccinated (IRR: 1.12, p-value = 0.04 for Duaripara, and IRR: 1.14, p-value <0.01 for Tala). Professions requiring more outdoor interactions had a higher likelihood of receiving the vaccine. In Tala, television access (IRR: 2.09, p-value <0.01) and micro-credit membership (IRR: 1.50, p-value = 0.05) were positively associated with receiving a booster dose and negatively associated with smart-phone access (IRR: 0.58, p-value = 0.03). Moreover, temporarily migrated respondents were more likely to be unvaccinated (IRR: 0.87, p-value = 0.04). Income was not associated, indicating equitable distribution. Moreover, no geographical clustering was detected. The credit for high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Bangladesh can be attributed to the country’s longstanding success in implementing immunization programs, which relied on community mobilization and effective health education to generate demand. However, to ensure comprehensive coverage in vulnerable areas, targeted interventions can help increase uptake by addressing specific sociodemographic differences.
Implementation outcomes of 1-3-7 focus investigation for malaria in a low transmission setting in Southern Province, Zambia: A mixed methods study
Authors: Martin Anne C. , Matoba Japhet , Sing’anga Caison , Lubinda Mukuma , Mweetwa Sydney , Chen Xinyue , Banda Ignatius , Hamainza Busiku , Hamapumbu Harry , Simulundu Edgar , Moss William J. ,   for the Southern and Central Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research
Published: January 2025

Eleven countries have been certified as malaria free since 2016, but none of these are in subSaharan Africa where elimination challenges are unique. The 1-3-7 focus investigation approach is an implementation strategy that requires case reporting, case investigation/classification, and focal classification/response to be completed one, three, and seven days, respectively, after index case diagnosis. Real-time short-messaging-service reports are sent at each step to add accountability and data transparency. Reactive case detection is one focal response of the 1-3-7 strategy. China, Thailand, Myanmar, and other countries cite high fidelity to deadlines and broad acceptability of 1-3-7, but this strategy has yet to be widely deployed in Africa. This mixed-methods study evaluated implementation and service outcomes of 1-3-7 focus investigation in a rural area of southern Zambia. Selected outcomes were fidelity, efficiency, feasibility, equity, and acceptability, assessed via program metadata and semi-structured interviews with program personnel. Fidelity was moderate with 61% of cases reported. Focus investigation and reactive case detection completion doubled in areas using 1-3-7, from 20% to 42%. However, reactive case detection, which involved screening community members residing within 140 meter of index cases with a rapid diagnostic test, detected few parasitemic individuals, suggesting this may not be the most efficient day 7 response in this setting. Mobile phone network coverage was a common challenge to feasibility that likely affected reporting rates and fidelity. Thirty-four percent of health-facility diagnosed cases were not eligible for 1-3-7 follow-up. Distance from the health center was a barrier to feasibility and equitable reach of services. Reporting was faster in areas where health workers classified transmission as higher and slower in areas with poor mobile phone network coverage. The strategy was widely accepted. Scale-up should include adherence-focused management strategies, spatially targeted interventions not reliant on RDTs, and complementary surveillance that targets hard-to-reach populations.
Integrative phylogenetic analysis of the genus Episoriculus (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Authors: Liu Yingxun , Wang Xuming , Wan Tao , Liao Rui , Chen Shunde , Liu Shaoying , Yue Bisong
Published: January 2025

Shrews in the genus Episoriculus are among the least-known mammals in China, where representatives occur mainly in the Himalayan and Hengduan mountains. We sequence one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes from 77 individuals referable to this genus, collect morphometric data for five shape and 11 skull measurements from 56 specimens, and use museum collections and GenBank sequences to analyze phylogenetic relationships between this and related genera in an integrated molecular and morphometric approach. Whereas historically anywhere from two to eight species have been recognized in this genus, we conclude that six (Episoriculus baileyi, E. caudatus, E. leucops, E. macrurus, E. sacratus, E. soluensis) are valid. We dissent from recent systematic reviews of this genus and regard E. sacratus to be a valid taxon, E. umbrinus to be a subspecies of E. caudatus, and transfer E. fumidus to Pseudosoriculus. Our record of E. soluensis is the first for China, and expands the previously recognized distribution of this taxon from Nepal and NE India into the adjacent Yadong and Nyalam counties. One further undescribed Episoriculus taxon may exist in Xizang.
Characterizing the within-person variability of food insecurity in everyday life
Authors: Hines Caitlin T. , Ryan Rebecca M. , Smyth Joshua M.
Published: January 2025

Food insecurity (FI), the lack of access to adequate food, is linked with negative health and psychological outcomes. FI is typically measured retrospectively over the last year; although this measurement is useful to understand FI prevalence to inform broad policy, it leaves the experience of FI in everyday life poorly understood. Understanding how FI varies across shorter periods of time (days or weeks) can help inform FI prevention and/or intervention. This study characterizes within-person (day-to-day) variance in FI in everyday life. Low-income parents of school-aged children at risk for FI (n = 153) completed daily text message surveys in two-week bursts. Daily FI was measured with 4 yes/no items ranging in severity: worry about food, parent eating less than they should, child eating less than they should, and skipping meals. Items were analyzed as a sum score and individually (to examine FI severity). Among parents who reported FI at least once, FI meaningfully varied day-to-day within individuals (~26% of variation). Different indicators of FI, however, had different proportions of between- and within-person variability: Worry about food, a less severe aspect of FI, had 32% daily variation, whereas the more severe aspect of meal skipping had 45% daily variation. Thus, although substantial between-person differences in FI exist, there is meaningful within-person variability in FI. -person FI variability may be related to the indicator (e.g., severe FI shows greater within-person variability). Considering within-person FI variability, and not just average FI level, may help us understand how FI undermines functioning and how and when best to intervene.
Field-scale detection of Bacterial Leaf Blight in rice based on UAV multispectral imaging and deep learning frameworks
Authors: Logavitool Guntaga , Horanont Teerayut , Thapa Aakash , Intarat Kritchayan , Wuttiwong Kanok-on
Published: January 2025

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) usually attacks rice in the flowering stage and can cause yield losses of up to 50% in severely infected fields. The resulting yield losses severely impact farmers, necessitating compensation from the regulatory authorities. This study introduces a new pipeline specifically designed for detecting BLB in rice fields using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Employing the U-Net architecture with a ResNet-101 backbone, we explore three band combinations—multispectral, multispectral+NDVI, and multispectral+NDRE—to achieve superior segmentation accuracy. Due to the lack of suitable UAV-based datasets for rice disease, we generate our own dataset through disease inoculation techniques in experimental paddy fields. The dataset is increased using data augmentation and patch extraction methods to improve training robustness. Our findings demonstrate that the U-Net model incorporating ResNet-101 backbone trained with multispectral+NDVI data significantly outperforms other band combinations, achieving high accuracy metrics, including mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of up to 97.20%, mean accuracy of up to 99.42%, mean F1-score of up to 98.56%, mean Precision of 97.97%, and mean Recall of 99.16%. Additionally, this approach efficiently segments healthy rice from other classes, minimizing misclassification and improving disease severity assessment. Therefore, the experiment concludes that the accurate mapping of the disease extent and severity level in the field is reliable to accurately allocating the compensation. The developed methodology has the potential for broader application in diagnosing other rice diseases, such as Blast, Bacterial Panicle Blight, and Sheath Blight, and could significantly enhance agricultural management through accurate damage mapping and yield loss estimation.
The impact of straw and its post-pyrolysis incorporation on functional microbes and mineralization of organic carbon in yellow paddy soil
Authors: Wang Fangchi , Wang Xiaoli , Duan Jianjun , Yang Sanwei , Wei Jie , Yang Shengmei , Zheng Qinwen
Published: January 2025

The impact of straw and biochar on carbon mineralization and the function of carbon cycle genes in paddy soil is important for soil nutrient management and the transformation of carbon pools. This research is based on a five-year field experiment with four treatments: no fertilizer application (CK); chemical fertilizer only (NPK); straw combined with chemical fertilizer (NPKS); and biochar combined with chemical fertilizer (NPKB). By integrating indoor mineralization culture with metagenomic approaches, we analyzed the response of organic carbon mineralization and carbon cycle genes in typical paddy soil from Guizhou Province, China, to different fertilization treatments. The result shows that the various fertilization treatments significantly increased the levels of soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and readily oxidizable organic carbon. The NPKS treatment increased the rate of soil organic carbon mineralization, whereas the NPKB treatment decreased it. Overall, the NPK and NPKB treatments increased the relative abundance of carbon fixation genes. The NPKS treatment increased the relative abundance of carbon degradation genes. The NPKS treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas the NPKB treatment decreased the abundance of Actinobacteria. Biochar after straw pyrolysis can reduce carbon loss and enhance sequestration of soil carbon, whereas straw decreases soil organic carbon stability, accelerating the transformation of soil carbon pools. Future research should encompass long-term impact assessments to comprehensively understand the enduring effects of these fertilization treatments on soil carbon mineralization and the function of carbon cycle genes.
Is reflux hypersensitivity truly a functional gastrointestinal disorder? A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Yanping , Liao Siyu , Qu Tianyao , Zhou Jiaxuan , Dai Fei , Qin Bin , Xu Xiaoyu , Zhang Jun , Cheng Yan
Published: January 2025

Background

According to Rome IV, reflux hypersensitivity (RH) represents a novel form of functional esophageal disorder. This study was designed to compare the clinical features of three types of endoscopic-negative heartburn: RH, nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), and functional heartburn (FH).

Methods

Patients with heartburn in a medical center from 01/01/2017 to 10/31/2021 were included. This article presented a blinded retrospective analysis of 24 h MII–pH and HRM tracings from patients with NERD, RH, and FH to compare their clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 118 patients were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, smoking status, or drinking history among RH, NERD and FH. Functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms were more prone to exist in FH than in NERD (P < 0.05), whereas hiatal hernia was more prevalent in NERD and RH than in FH (P < 0.05). The incidence of anxiety and depression gradually increased in the NERD, RH, and FH groups (P >  0.05). The distal MNBI and PSPW index of the NERD and RH groups were lower than those of the FH group (P < 0.05). The distal MNBI showed good diagnostic potential.

Conclusions

Clear pathological alterations, which are distinct from those of other FGIDs, are observable in RH. It might be inappropriate to categorize RHs within FGIDs.
Exploring potential drug targets for SLE through Mendelian randomization and network pharmacology
Authors: Xu Yanan , Wang Zelin , Jia Tiewen , Liang Shufen
Published: January 2025

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and incurable autoimmune disease, so several drug remission for SLE symptoms have been developed and used at present. However, treatment varies by patient and disease activity, and existing medications for SLE were far from satisfactory. Novel drug targets to be found for SLE therapy are still needed.

Methods

Mendelian randomization (MR), an observational study way, was performed to explore potential drug targets for SLE using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) from recently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma proteins, which obtained genetic instruments for 154 CSF proteins of 971 participants, and 734 plasma proteins of 23591 participants. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis, colocalization analysis, and phenotype scanning were performed to find key proteins for SLE. In addition, external data verification was implemented to further consolidate the Mendelian randomization findings. Candidate proteins as targets to find drugs and discuss the druggability. Finally, Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to verify the effects of Voclosporin and Cyclosporine on SLE targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core target analysis of candidate drugs and SLE overlapping targets were performed to identify potential hub targets and interactions. The affinity between drug targets and SLE targets was confirmed by molecular docking.

Results

In the preliminary analysis, we identified four key proteins as possible drug targets in CSF and plasma proteins, included ICAM-1(P = 4.62E-05, OR = 0.90(0.86, 0.95)), sICAM-1(P = 4.62E-05, OR = 0.49(0.35, 0.69)), FCG2B (P = 7.63E-11, OR = 0.57(0.48, 0.67)), PPP3CA; PPP3R1 (P = 5.47E-07, OR = 0.66(0.57, 0.78)). Among them, ICAM1 was detected in both CSF and plasma proteins. By excluding reverse causality, confounding factors, and linkage disequilibrium (LD), we identified PPP3CA; PPP3R1 as novel drug targets for SLE, including Voclosporin and Cyclosporine. Finally, the Drugbank database shows that novel drugs contain 33 targets for treating SLE. PPI suggested that SIRT1, ACE, PTGS2, and BACE1 were pivotal targets for SLE treatment. In addition, the molecular docking showed that the bioactive molecules of Voclosporin and Cyclosporine had a good affinity with the target of SLE.

Conclusions

Our integrative analysis suggested that levels of circulating PPP3CA; PPP3R1 had causal effects on SLE risk and served as potential treatment targets. Moreover, this study provides new evidence for Voclosporin as an SLE treatment through Mendelian randomization and Network pharmacology, and warrants further clinical investigation.
Microscopic evidence for nanoparticle-mediated growth of native gold in sulfide deposits at the Higashi–Aogashima Knoll Caldera hydrothermal field
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Torimoto Junji , Kuribayashi Takahiro , Nagase Toshiro , Owada Akira , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro , Makabe Akiko , Takaya Yutaro , Nozaki Tatsuo
Published: January 2025

Gold (or electrum) in hydrothermal fluid precipitates directly from gold sulfide complex and/or partly via suspended nanoparticles. The hydrothermal fluid contains “invisible gold” that is atomically dispersed in sulfide minerals or as nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm. However, the contribution of these gold nanoparticles to the formation of native gold and its alloy with silver (electrum) remains unclear. The Higashi–Aogashima Knoll Caldera hydrothermal field, south of Tokyo, Japan, is an area of significant seafloor hydrothermal activity that is known for high-grade gold-containing minerals in sulfide-rich rocks. In this study, dry-polished thin sections were created to minimize sample damage and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigated the cross-sectional and three-dimensional morphologies of native gold grains in a sulfide-rich mound rock from the Central Cone site of the caldera. The surfaces of the gold grains comprised nanoparticles with sizes of 5–50 nm that were also attached to their periphery, which suggests that gold nanoparticles in deep-sea hydrothermal fluid were involved in the mineralization of the gold. In addition, the distribution of silver was uneven within the gold grains, which suggests that the gold precipitation comprised multiple stages at different temperatures that resulted in the post-deposition or secondary remobilization of silver.
Assessing the capture of sociodemographic information in electronic medical records to inform clinical decision making
Authors: Abulibdeh Rawan , Tu Karen , Butt Debra A. , Train Anthony , Crampton Noah , Sejdić Ervin
Published: January 2025

There is a growing need to document sociodemographic factors in electronic medical records to produce representative cohorts for medical research and to perform focused research for potentially vulnerable populations. The objective of this work was to assess the content of family physicians’ electronic medical records and characterize the quality of the documentation of sociodemographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were reported for each sociodemographic characteristic. The association between the completeness rates of the sociodemographic data and the various clinics, electronic medical record vendors, and physician characteristics was analyzed. Supervised machine learning models were used to determine the absence or presence of each characteristic for all adult patients over the age of 18 in the database. Documentation of marital status (51.0%) and occupation (47.2%) were significantly higher compared to the rest of the variables. Race (1.4%), sexual orientation (2.5%), and gender identity (0.8%) had the lowest documentation rates with a 97.5% missingness rate or higher. The correlation analysis for vendor type demonstrated that there was significant variation in the availability of marital and occupation information between vendors (χ2 > 6.0, P < 0.05). Variability in documentation between clinics indicated that the majority of characteristics exhibited high variation in completeness rates with the highest variation for occupation (median: 47.2, interquartile range: 60.6%) and marital status (median: 45.6, interquartile: 59.7%). Finally, physician sex, years since a physician graduated, and whether a physician was a foreign vs a Canadian medical graduate were significantly associated with documentation rates of place of birth, citizenship status, occupation, and education in the electronic medical records. Our findings suggest a crucial need to implement better documentation strategies for sociodemographic information in the healthcare setting. To improve completeness rates, healthcare systems should monitor, encourage, enforce, or incentivize sociodemographic data collection standards.
Digital musical instrument mobile app for children with sensorimotor impairment
Authors: Cheng Lee , Lam Chi Ying
Published: January 2025

This article presents the development and evaluation of HandI, a motion-based digital musical instrument (DMI) mobile app, for the musical engagement and expression of children with sensorimotor impairment. HandI uses the smartphone’s orientation as the input control for musical expression, attempting to remove sensorimotor barriers and empower such children to engage and express themselves through music-making. An evaluation with music practitioners and caretakers (N = 10) yielded positive feedback on the app’s effectiveness in engaging sensorimotor-impaired children with musical games, while also yielding suggestions to improve the control interaction and functionality to better cater to children’s diversified learning needs. The findings of this study shed light on the design of human–computer interaction (HCI) and adaptive technology for the musical enjoyment and empowerment of children with functional diversity, helping to create a more equal, diversified and inclusive (EDI) learning environment.
Exploring the integration of maker culture activities in the theory of music course at a Greek conservatoire
Authors: Mygdanis Yannis , Papazachariou-Christoforou Maria
Published: January 2025

In the past decade, there has been a significant effort to incorporate maker culture principles and techniques into education. By following the STEAM education perspective, integrating maker movement educational scenarios presents an opportunity to establish a cutting-edge musical-technological learning atmosphere in music classes. This article delves into the results of an educational intervention conducted in a Greek conservatoire centred on a theory of music course. The aim of the research was to design and implement teaching scenarios built on the maker movement within a group of four students aged between 6 and 7 years, using the music educational software Synth4kids and the Makey-Makey interface as the main methodological tools. The primary objectives were to explore the students’ experiences and perceptions of the learning process within this new educational environment and to examine the perceived development of their knowledge and skills. The findings of the pilot study indicate that the students actively and enthusiastically engaged in constructing musical artefacts and immersed themselves in music-making as active participants, leading to the acquisition and transformation of musical and technological skills through meaningful experiences. In short, it is revealed that findings converge with the research activity in the field.
Shadows lurking under: A study of uncanny built urban spaces in Forbrydelsen
Authors: Mandal Aratrika , Bhattacharya Somdatta
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the complete seasons of the Danish noir television series, Forbrydelsen (2007–12), to examine the uncanniness of the urban built environment in Nordic noir television. Of the crucial actors for the Nordic welfare state model to guarantee a good life for its citizens, a large-scale urbanization drive is one. So, while urban space is an outcome of human activities of the postmodern, globalized, technologized world, such transformation also produces spaces that are bleak and unsafe, invoking the rhetoric of the uncanny architecture in the places that were once regarded as reliable and unassailable. This article explores the conjunction of architecture, crime and criminality on the one hand and the liminality and uncanniness of space on the other. It investigates the uncanny infiltrating both the public and the domestic realms when space and crime negotiate at the most intimate level. Using the aesthetics and the narrative complexities of television, this article argues that these moments of uncanny implicate a different kind of spatiality in the crime television genre.