bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theatre as Transitional Infrastructure: Flow, Freedom and the ‘Long Middle’ of Change in Hong Kong
Authors: MANSBRIDGE JOANNA
Published: September 2024

In the aftermath of the 2019 pro-democracy protests and amid the pandemic, Hong Kong theatre collective Zuni Icosahedron staged two productions, Bach Is Heart Sutra and 2 or 3 Things about Interrupted Dream. Bach draws on Buddhist concepts to retrain the senses and unlearn perceptions, inviting audience–participants to reflect on the forms and concepts that define Hong Kong. 2 or 3 Things revises a section of the kunqu opera Peony Pavilion to revisit the protests and offer an explicit statement on censorship. Both productions provide a space for experimentation and reflection within a city that has seemingly foreclosed on practices of questioning, exploring and gathering. Situating these works in relation to the protests, as a distinctly infrastructural movement, and drawing on Lauren Berlant's conceptualization of infrastructure, this essay examines Zuni's theatre as an infrastructure, of sorts, mediating a moment of transition and trying out new ways of moving within it.
‘Severe’ Sensory Theatre: Building Relational Disability Politics during UK COVID Lockdowns
Authors: MAHONEY ALISON
Published: September 2024

This article examines the COVID-era shift in the disability politics of sensory-theatre artists in the United Kingdom who create work for neurodiverse young audiences, arguing that the pandemic pushed them toward a more expansive and overtly political understanding of disability. I examine the work of three companies – Oily Cart (London), Frozen Light (Norwich) and Spectra (Birmingham) – who adjusted their practices to embrace their audiences’ shifting access needs, including those in caregiving roles. These changes move sensory theatre into a more politicized realm, echoing calls from crip studies scholars and disability justice activists to reimagine disability as a relational category from which solidarity can arise that does not hinge entirely on medical diagnosis. These artists’ renewed commitments to relational access provide lessons for performing artists and audiences navigating how to care for one another through the massive death and disablement of the ongoing pandemic.
Puppetry Networks of the Island of Naoshima
Authors: BROWNE JYANA S.
Published: September 2024

The Naoshima Onna Bunraku, an all-female bunraku troupe on the island of Naoshima in Japan's Seto Inland Sea, has revitalized a puppetry tradition dating back to the Edo period (1603–1868). This article examines how the Naoshima Onna Bunraku negotiates the pull of its local, community-oriented past and its global present as a folk performing art on an island now known for art tourism as the site of the Setouchi Triennale. I trace Naoshima's puppetry networks from the Seto Inland Sea that nurtured their ancestors to new networks that extend globally to reveal the dynamic flows that animate and sustain puppetry on Naoshima.
Family shapes child development: The role of codevelopmental trajectories of interparental conflict and emotional warmth for children’s longitudinal development of internalizing and externalizing problems
Authors: Zemp Martina , Fang Shichen , Johnson Matthew D.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed (1) to identify distinct family trajectory profiles of destructive interparental conflict and parent-child emotional warmth reported by one parent, and (2) to examine whether these codevelopmental profiles were associated with the longitudinal development of children and adolescents’ self-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. Six longitudinal data waves from the German Family Panel (pairfam) study (Waves 2–7) from 722 parent-child dyads were used (age of children and adolescents in years: M = 10.03, SD = 1.90, range = 8–15; 48.3% girls; 73.3% of parents were native Germans). Data were analyzed using growth mixture and latent growth curve modeling. Two classes, harmonious and conflictual-warm families, were found based on codevelopmental trajectories of interparental conflict and emotional warmth. These family profiles were linked with the development of externalizing problems in children and adolescents but not their internalizing problems. Family dynamics are entangled in complex ways and constantly changing, which appears relevant to children’s behavior problems.
Efficacy and speed of effect after the first dose of aspirin in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Regan Irene E. , Kelleher Sean T. , Cox Dermot , McMahon Colin J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many paediatric studies report that patients must be established on aspirin therapy for a minimum of 5 days to achieve adequate response. This is not always practical especially in critical settings. Prospective identification of patients that are unresponsive to aspirin sooner could potentially prevent thrombotic events.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively if the first dose of aspirin is effective in decreasing platelet aggregation, and thromboxane formation and if this can be measured after 2 hours in paediatric cardiology patients. A secondary aim was to identify a cut-off for a novel marker of aspirin responsiveness the maximum amplitude with arachidonic acid, which could potentially dramatically reduce the blood volume required. Third, we aimed to prospectively identify potentially non-responsive patients by spiking a sample of their blood ex vivo with aspirin.

Results:

The majority (92.3%) of patients were responsive, when measured 2 hours post first dose of aspirin. Non-response or inadequate response (7.7%) can also be identified at 2 hours after taking the first dose of aspirin. Additionally, we have shown a novel way to reduce blood sample volume requirements by measurement of the maximum amplitude with arachidonic acid as a marker of response, particularly for monitoring.

Conclusions:

These findings of rapid efficacy in the majority of patients offer assurance in a sound, practical way to attending clinicians, patients, and families.
WHY WAS KEYNES KEEN TO INVEST IN AMERICAN BUT NOT IN BRITISH INVESTMENT TRUSTS?
Authors: Marcuzzo Maria Cristina , Sanfilippo Eleonora
Published: September 2024

The literature on John Maynard Keynes’s activity as an investor has substantially grown in the last decade (e.g., Chambers and Dimson 2013; Accominotti and Chambers 2016; Chambers and Kabiri 2016; Cristiano, Marcuzzo, and Sanfilippo 2018; Marcuzzo and Rosselli 2018; Marcuzzo and Sanfilippo 2016, [2020] 2022). The contribution of the present paper is to investigate a specific feature of Keynes’s investment activity on his own account: his preference for American rather than British Investment Trusts. While this feature has also been observed in his investments on behalf of King’s College (Chambers and Kabiri 2016), we focus here on his personal portfolio, and we also provide a set of possible explanations for his preference. We maintain that some reasons have to do with the different structure and characteristics of the Investment Trusts in the two countries. Others relate more closely to the kind of investment policy typically adopted by the American Investment Trusts, which was much more in line with Keynes’s own approach to investment—especially regarding the stocks selection. We also attribute a role to his epistemological approach, i.e., the view that, although a full and perfect knowledge is not reachable by individuals due to the radical uncertainty characterizing the environment (“we simply don’t know,” Keynes 1937) and to the limitations of the human mind, reliable information remains, however, a guide for rational decision making, also in financial markets. Following this approach, as we will show, Keynes preferred to delegate his investment choices in the US stock market to those professionals—the managers of the Investment Trusts—who possessed, in his opinion, the wider set of reliable information on that market, while keeping for himself the investment choices in the UK stock market.
EDITORIAL POLICY AS CONVERSATION AID
Authors: Meardon Stephen
Published: September 2024

The invitation is to discuss my JHET editorship, which ran from 2013 to 2018, in light of the once and future challenges of the journal. After accepting it, I gathered my recollections, perused back issues of the journal, and finally reviewed my correspondence and reports to the HES Executive Committee.
THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY BULLETIN AND JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT (1979–2023)
Authors: Edwards José , Giraud Yann , Ledezma Ivan
Published: September 2024

The History of Economics Society (HES) initiated the History of Economics Society Bulletin (HESB) in 1979. Discussed at the 1978 meetings of the HES, the HESB was first conceived of as something “less” than History of Political Economy (HOPE)—i.e., an academic journal with a defined editorial line—but also “more” than just a newsletter for HES members (Caldwell 2021; Vaughn, this issue). Edited by Karen E. Vaughn (1979 to 1983) and William O. Thweatt (1984 to 1989), the HESB began by publishing short notes and abstracts of papers presented at the annual meetings of the HES. Research articles (i.e., peer-reviewed documents) appeared for the first time in 1988 and book reviews in 1989. A year after, the HESB became the Journal of the History of Economic Thought (JHET), a full-fledged society journal under the editorship of Donald Walker (1990 to 1998). First published directly by its editor and the HES, the JHET started producing four yearly issues in 1998 under contract with Carfax as publisher. Carfax was eventually purchased by Taylor & Francis (Medema, this issue), and a new contract was signed with Cambridge University Press, both during Steven Medema’s editorship (1999 to 2008).1
Asymmetries in the oil market: accounting for the growing role of China through quantile regressions
Authors: Mignon Valérie , Saadaoui Jamel
Published: September 2024

This paper assesses the role of political tensions between the USA and China and global market forces in explaining oil price fluctuations. To this end, we take part of the previous literature, which highlights (i) the importance of political events in explaining oil price dynamics, (ii) time-varying patterns in the oil market, and (iii) asymmetries in the impact of political tensions and uncertainty on oil prices. While this literature generally focuses on one of these features, we account for all of them simultaneously, allowing for a complete and meaningful investigation of political tensions on oil prices. To this end, we rely on quantile autoregressive distributed lag error-correction models, which are specifically designed to address both the long-run and short-run dynamics across a range of quantiles in a fully parametric setting. Our results show evidence of a quantile-dependent long-term relationship between oil prices and their determinants over the 1958–2022 period, which is also time varying across quantiles: the adjustment speed toward the long-term equilibrium is faster for the highest quantiles, fluctuating between 4% and 6% in the recent period. Overall, our findings highlight the increased role played by China in the oil market since the mid-2000s.
Things Have Changed: Dispute Settlement Inside and Outside of the WTO in 2022
Authors: Bown Chad P. , Mavroidis Petros C.
Published: September 2024

The numbers do tell a story: 2022 was the year with the fewest disputes ever submitted to the WTO. The possibility to appeal into the void must have a played a role, dis-incentivizing potential complainants from formally submitting disputes. Appeal into the void? This requires some explanation.
Adjudicating Sustainability Standards under FTAs: Labouring the Point Home
Authors: Sabitha Neeraj Rajan
Published: September 2024

On 20 January 2021, a Panel of Experts constituted under the EU–Korea FTA circulated its report in a proceeding initiated by the EU raising concerns about Korea's inadequate protection of certain labour rights in Korea, and less than satisfactory efforts to ratify the fundamental ILO Conventions. Addressing a jurisdictional claim, raised by Korea in its defense, that the EU has not demonstrated that the challenged measures affected ‘trade-related aspects of labour’, the panel found that the FTA parties’ commitments to adhere to labour standards and to ratify ILO conventions are not limited to trade-related aspects of labour, and therefore there is no requirement to demonstrate that such measures should be trade related.

The panel's interpretive reasoning in arriving at this finding does not appear to sit well with the text of the FTA. Further, such an expansive interpretation could have serious systemic implications going forward. In addition to raising questions regarding the purpose and motivations behind including labour standards in FTAs, it effectively transforms the FTA into a vehicle to enforce ILO commitments and induce countries into ratifying fundamental ILO conventions. It lends credibility to a general skepticism, particularly amongst developing countries, regarding the role of labor standards in FTAs and also raises questions regarding whether FTAs constitute an appropriate forum to address and resolve concerns regarding labour reforms.
Erasure of DNA methylation in rat fetal germ cells is sex-specific and sensitive to maternal high-fat diet
Authors: El Omri-Charai R. , Rwigemera A. , Gilbert I. , Langford A. , Robert C. , Sloboda D.M. , McGraw S. , Delbes G.
Published: September 2024

In mammals, DNA methylation (DNAme) erasure and reinstatement during embryo development and germline establishment are sensitive to the intrauterine environment. Maternal intake of a high-fat diet (HFD), associated with excessive gestational weight gain, has transgenerational effects on offspring health, which may be mediated by changes in DNAme in the germline. Here, we tested the impact of a maternal HFD on embryonic germline DNAme erasure using a rat strain that expresses green fluorescent protein specifically in germ cells. DNAme was analysed by methyl-seq capture in germ cells collected from male and female F1 gonads at gestational day 16. Our data show that although HFD induced global hypomethylation in both sexes, DNAme erasure in female germ cells was more advanced compared to male germ cells. The delay in DNAme erasure in males and the greater impact of HFD suggest that male germ cells are more vulnerable to alterations by exogenous factors.
Variational All‐Sky Assimilation Framework for MWHS‐II With Hydrometeors Control Variables and Its Impacts on Analysis and Forecast of Typhoon Cases
Authors: Qin Luyao , Chen Yaodeng , Meng Deming , Cheng Xiaoping , Zhang Peng
Published: September 2024

All‐sky radiance assimilation has been extensively developed to provide additional information for numerical weather prediction under cloudy conditions. Microwave radiances are particularly sensitive to hydrometeors, which can be used to initialize hydrometeor directly if the hydrometeor control variables (HCVs) are available. However, the effects of HCVs statistical structure and their multivariate correlation on all‐sky radiance assimilation remain unclear. In this study, five HCVs are introduced into the variational assimilation system. The characteristics of hydrometeor background errors are analyzed, and the combined effect with the observation operator is discussed. Then a 3D Variational all‐sky assimilation framework with HCVs is modified to assimilate Fengyun‐3C/D Microwave Humidity Sounder‐II radiance. It is shown that hydrometeors are initialized by radiance directly, and the thermodynamic fields are adjusted accordingly. The characteristics of multi‐variables increments are associated with both the characteristics of HCVs in background error and the Jacobians in observation operator. Furthermore, cycle assimilation and forecast experiments for three typhoon cases are conducted. It is found that the difference between observed and analyzed brightness temperatures decreases when HCVs are activated, and the hydrometeors analysis fields are more consistent with observations. Additionally, the typhoon intensity forecasts are improved with enhanced double warm‐core and the secondary circulation. This paper analyzes the characteristics of variational all‐sky assimilation framework with HCVs, and demonstrates the potential value of HCVs for variational all‐sky radiance assimilation.
Modeling Across Scales of Heavy Precipitation With a Global Variable‐Resolution Model: A Case Study of a Catastrophic Event in China
Authors: Xu Mingyue , Zhao Chun , Li Gudongze , Gu Jun , Feng Jiawang , Zhang Ziyu , Guo Jianping
Published: September 2024

An unprecedented heavy rainfall event in China (“21.7” extreme rainfall event) was simulated using the global variable‐resolution model (MPAS‐Atmosphere) across the scales (4, 8, 16 and 50 km). Although almost all experiments at different resolutions reproduce the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation, the simulated precipitation intensity from high to low is 16, 8, 50, and 4 km, with the 16 km simulation being closest to the observations. Precipitation magnitude is prominently influenced by the difference in simulated large‐scale circulation across a range of grid spacings. Further analysis revealed that the differences in latent heating across scales affect the geopotential height and wind field by altering temperature. The latent heating in 4 km simulation is the minimum while the 16 km simulation is maximum. More latent heating release leads to the low‐level pressure depression, amplifies the water vapor flux convergence, produces stronger upward motion and more clouds, and ultimately results in stronger precipitation. The sensitivity experiments for turning off latent heating tendencies during the event showed that the latent heat release has positive feedback on the “21.7” heavy rainfall event. This study highlights the importance of scale‐awareness of latent heat at different resolutions and suggests that the difference in simulated latent heat release during the event is the main reason for simulated different atmospheric circulation and precipitation across scales.
Different Modulations of Arctic Oscillation on Wintertime Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Li Ronglin , Mao Jiongren , Yu Weihao , Xie Shen , Wei Jiaqi , Huang Hao , Liu Qinyu , Shi Jian
Published: September 2024

Persistent positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the mid‐latitude Northeast Pacific (NEP), also known as “warm blob” or “marine heatwave,” have substantial ecological and climate effects. This study delves into the spatiotemporal connection between Arctic Oscillation (AO) and SSTAs in the NEP. First, we conduct the lead‐lag correlation and maximum covariance analyses to disentangle the closest temporal relationship between October AO and wintertime SSTAs in the NEP. Then, we categorize the years in positive AO (pAO) phase into two groups: positive AO with warm anomaly (pAO&Blob) group and positive AO without warm anomaly (pAO&noBlob) group based on the October AO index and wintertime blob index. Results show that the positive phase of AO in October strongly influences the wintertime warm SSTAs in the NEP through local and remote pathways. The local pathway is contingent upon the longitudinal positioning of AO‐related high‐pressure anomaly (i.e., anomalous ridge) in the North Pacific. When easterly anomalies prevail at the southern flank of the anomalous ridge over the NEP, they foster warm SSTAs in the NEP. However, different locations of the high‐pressure anomalies may impede the NEP warming. Remote pathways indicate the teleconnections triggered by AO‐related precipitation increase in Greenland and decrease in East Asia, sustaining the high‐pressure anomaly and promoting the anomalous NEP warming. Hence, this study presents new evidence on polar and mid‐latitude climate connections, which may provide potential predictability for the warm SSTAs in the NEP.
How Do Schumann Resonance Frequency Changes in the Vertical Electric Field Component Reflect Global Lightning Dynamics at Different Time Scales?
Authors: Sátori G. , Bozóki T. , Williams E. , Prácser E. , Herein M. , Albrecht R. I. , Beltran R. P.
Published: September 2024

The electromagnetic waves in the Schumann resonance (SR) frequency range (<100 Hz) radiated by natural “lightning antennas” excite the Earth‐ionosphere cavity confined between the Earth's surface and the lower ionosphere. The peak frequencies of SR are known to vary with source‐observer distance (SOD), while the daily frequency range (DFR: fmax − fmin) is also indicative of the average size of thunderstorm regions. This paper provides observational evidence for these relationships based on SR frequency observations of the vertical electric (EZ) field component at Nagycenk (NCK), Hungary in Central Europe from the period 1994–2015. Variations of the peak frequencies are considered on the annual, seasonal and diurnal time scales as well as during a specific event when squall‐line formation of lightning activity in South America moves toward NCK. DFR is studied in relation to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Increasing area of lightning activity in mid‐high Northern hemisphere latitudes has been identified by DFR variations during the transition from warm to cold episodes of the ENSO in 1998 and 2010. The extension of the lightning area is considered as a consequence of energy released in the tropics and exported to higher latitudes with some months of delay from the end of the El Niño episodes. The frequency variations are interpreted via model calculations and supported with satellite‐based optical lightning observations (Optical Transient Detector, Geostationary Lightning Mapper). The described variations of SR peak frequencies and DFR yield information on the global/regional lightning dynamics and on this basis they have important application to climate issues as well.
Characteristics of the Aeolian Sediments Transported Above a Gobi Surface
Authors: Zhang Z. C. , Dong Z. B. , Pan K. J. , Zhang Y. , Han L. Y.
Published: September 2024

Gobi’s (gravel deserts) are one of the largest dust sources in northern China. Previous studies indicated that sand transport processes above the surface differed between Gobi and sand surfaces. However, the sand transport rate and related dust emission processes above Gobi (gravel) surfaces are still poorly understood. In this field study, we quantified this transport to provide important support for parameterizing Aeolian sediment transport models and clarifying the relationship between dust emission and transport. Threshold wind velocity can reach 0.38 ± 0.04 (mean ± SD) m s−1 above Gobi surfaces. Compared to the most commonly used sand‐transport models, we found that the Lettau and Lettau sediment transport model can be used to calculate horizontal sediment transport above a Gobi surface. The relationship between the vertical sediment transport (Fs) and shear velocity could be expressed using a power function. Although the horizontal sand transport and vertical flux (Q and Fs, respectively) above Gobi surfaces can be expressed similarly to previous results (i.e., using similar equation forms), the equation coefficients were much larger for the Gobi surface than for a shifting sand surface; that is, sediment transport was higher above the Gobi surface. This difference resulted from the larger sand transport rate and saltation height above the Gobi surface, and the larger transport and higher saltation height were related to the larger sand transport height and higher content of coarse sand transported above the Gobi surface.
In Situ Analysis of Sulfur Isotopic Fractionation in Deep‐Sea Corals Using Secondary‐Ion Mass Spectrometry: Insights Into Vital Effects
Authors: He Miaohong , Yu Xiaoxiao , Deng Wenfeng , Chen Xuefei , Peng Xiaotong , Ta Kaiwen , Xu Hengchao , Cui Zexian , Yang Qing , Yang Yanan , Zhang Yanqiang , Wei Gangjian
Published: September 2024

Carbonate‐associated sulfate (CAS) δ34S values (δ34SCAS) are generally assumed to reflect S isotopic composition of paleo‐seawater and have been extensively used to reconstruct secular variations in seawater sulfate concentrations during the geological past. However, it has often been documented that δ34SCAS records are incompatible with seawater sulfur isotopes (20.9 ± 0.1%, 2σ) determined from other archives, such as sulfate evaporites and barite (both of which may also display inconsistencies). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that δ34SCAS values can be easily altered by atmospheric sulfate and sulfide re‐oxidation. However, the specific influence of biological factors (vital effects, common in biogenic carbonates) on CAS S isotopic composition remains unresolved, particularly at microscale levels. To elucidate these effects on δ34SCAS, S isotopic profiles were analyzed across two skeletal transects of two modern deep‐sea corals (gorgonia) using a novel secondary‐ion mass spectrometry method. Strong S isotopic fractionation was observed in calcitic skeletons from the most 34S‐depleted center (δ34S = ∼19‰), increasing outward to a relatively constant 22.5‰ in gorgonia sp. coral and 21.6‰ in bamboo coral, suggesting that vital effects are much larger than previous estimated (∼±1‰ fractionation from seawater). Oxygen isotopic and Mg, S, O elemental compositions, and Raman spectral and crystal morphological features indicate that processes such as pH control, Rayleigh fractionation, and organic effects are precluded as causes of such fractionation. Instead, vital effects associated with kinetic processes related to surface entrapment seem plausible as controls on S isotopic fractionations in the coral. This novel method is significant for gaining insights into vital effects, assessing the reliability of biogenic carbonates as high‐resolution environmental archives of S isotopes, and understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing biomineralization.
Sources and Sinks of N in Ecosystem Solutions Along the Water Path Through a Tropical Montane Forest in Ecuador Assessed With δ15N Values of Total Dissolved Nitrogen
Authors: Alvarez Pablo , Velescu Andre , Pierick Kerstin , Homeier Juergen , Wilcke Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

The globally increasing reactive N richness affects even remote ecosystems such as the tropical montane forests in Ecuador. We tested whether the δ15N values of total dissolved N (TDN), measured directly in solution with a TOC‐IRMS, can be used to help elucidate N sources and sinks along the water path and thus might be suitable for ecosystem monitoring. From 2013 to 2016, the δ15N values of TDN in bulk deposition showed the most pronounced temporal variation of all ecosystem solutions (δ15N values: 1.9–5.9‰). In throughfall (TF), TDN was on average 15N‐depleted (−1.8 ± s.d. 0.4‰) relative to rainfall (3.4 ± 0.9‰), resulting from net retention of isotopically heavy N, mainly as NH4+. Simultaneously, N‐isotopically light NO3−‐N and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) with a δ15N value between NO3−‐N and NH4+‐N were leached from the canopy (leaves: −3.5 ± 0.5‰). The increasing δ15N values in the order, TF < stemflow (SF, 0.1 ± 0.6‰)< litter leachate (LL, 1.3 ± 0.7‰) concurred with an increasing DON contribution to TDN reflecting the δ15N value of the organic layer (1.9 ± 0.9‰). The lower δ15N value of the mineral soil solution at the 0.15 m soil depth (SS15, −1.5 ± 0.3‰) than in LL can be explained by the retention of DON and NH4+ and the addition of NO3− from mineralization and nitrification. The increasing δ15N values in the order, SS15 < SS30 (−0.6 ± 0.2‰) < streamflow (ST, 0.5 ± 0.6‰) suggested gaseous N losses because of increasing denitrification. There was no seasonality of the δ15N values. Our results demonstrate that the δ15N values of TDN in ecosystem solutions help identify N sources and sinks in forest ecosystems.
Thermospheric Neutral Density Data Assimilation System Based on the Whole Atmosphere Model During the November 2003 Storm
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Chung , Fuller‐Rowell Timothy , Sutton Eric K. , Fang Tzu‐Wei , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Weimer Daniel R.
Published: September 2024

The Iterative Driver Estimation and Assimilation (IDEA) data assimilation technique was used with the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) to improve neutral density specification in the upper thermosphere. Two different neutral density data sources were examined to enhance the capability of simulating the global thermospheric state. The first were accelerometer estimates of neutral density from the Challenging Mini‐Satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. The second were neutral density estimates from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) limb‐scan airglow observations aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. Due to the intensity of the November 2003 storm, two changes were necessary in WAM. The first was allowing the Kp geomagnetic index to exceed 9 and the second was changing the relationship between Kp and the solar wind parameters used to drive the model. With these changes, results show that IDEA effectively captures the thermospheric neutral density at the CHAMP satellite altitude and follows the time‐dependence through the November 2003 storm period. Furthermore, a cross‐comparison was conducted with the GUVI dayside limb scan measurements. GUVI neutral densities within 270–320 km show the closest agreement with WAM when CHAMP data was assimilated by IDEA. We speculate on the potential for observations from GUVI at 300 km to be used as a data source in the IDEA‐WAM simulations. These simulations demonstrate the utility of the IDEA data assimilation technique with physical models and that using either accelerometer observations or ultraviolet airglow limb measurement during extreme storm periods could be used.
Experts consensus on management of tooth luxation and avulsion
Authors: Huang Ruijie , Zhou Chenchen , Zhan Ling , Liu Yuan , Liu Xian , Du Qin , Wang Jun , Zhao Wei , Song Guangtai , Wu Li-an , Jiang Beizhan , Li Yanhong , Zhang Hongmei , Zou Jing
Published: September 2024

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of teeth occur frequently in children and adolescents. TDIs that impact the periodontal tissues and alveolar tissue can be classified into concussion, subluxation, extrusive luxation, intrusive luxation, lateral luxation, and avulsion. In these TDIs, management of injured soft tissue, mainly periodontal ligament, and dental pulp, is crucial in maintaining the function and longevity of the injured teeth. Factors that need to be considered for management in laxation injuries include the maturation stage of the traumatic teeth, mobility, direction of displacement, distance of displacement, and whether there are alveolar fractures. In avulsion, the maturation stage of the permanent tooth, the out-socket time, storage media/condition of the avulsed tooth, and management of the PDL should also be considered. Especially, in this review, we have subdivided the immature tooth into the adolescent tooth (Nolla stage 9) and the very young tooth (Nolla stage 8 and below). This consensus paper aimed to discuss the impacts of those factors on the trauma management and prognosis of TDI to provide a streamlined guide for clinicians from clinical evaluation, diagnostic process, management plan decision, follow-up, and orthodontic treatment for tooth luxation and avulsion injuries.
One-dimensional photonic crystal enhancing spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for single-particle tracking
Authors: Huang Mingchuan , Chen Qiankun , Liu Yang , Zhang Chi , Zhang Rongjin , Yuan Junhua , Zhang Douguo
Published: September 2024

Single-particle tracking (SPT) is an immensely valuable technique for studying a variety of processes in the life sciences and physics. It can help researchers better understand the positions, paths, and interactions of single objects in systems that are highly dynamic or require imaging over an extended time. Here, we propose an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) that enhances spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for three-dimensional (3D) SPTs. This well-designed 1D PC can work as a substrate for optical microscopy. We introduce this effect into the interferometric scattering (iSCAT) technique, resulting in a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). DH-PSF provides more uniform Fisher information for 3D position estimation than the PSFs of conventional microscopy, such as encoding the axial position of a single particle in the angular orientation of DH-PSF lobes, thus providing a means for 3D SPT. This approach can address the challenge of iSCAT in 3D SPT because DH-PSF iSCAT will not experience multiple contrast inversions when a single particle travels along the axial direction. DH-PSF iSCAT microscopy was used to record the 3D trajectory of a single microbead attached to the flagellum, facilitating precise analysis of fluctuations in motor dynamics. Its ability to track single nanoparticles, such as 3D diffusion trajectories of 20 nm gold nanoparticles in glycerol solution, was also demonstrated. The DH-PSF iSCAT technique enabled by a 1D PC holds potential promise for future applications in physical, biological, and chemical science.
Sex differences in survival outcomes of early-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Afify Abdelrahman Yousry , Ashry Mohamed Hady , Hassan Hamsa
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal cancers in the United States. Although the overall incidence and mortality rates are declining, an alarming rise in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as CRC diagnosis in patients aged < 50 years, was previously reported. Our study focuses on analyzing sex-specific differences in survival among EOCRC patients and comparing sex-specific predictors of survival in both males and females in the United States. We retrieved and utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. EOCRC patients, between the ages of 20 and 49, were exclusively included. We conducted thorough survival analyses using Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, Cox regression models, and propensity score matching to control for potential biases. Our study included 58,667 EOCRC patients (27,662 females, 31,005 males) diagnosed between 2000 and 2017. The baseline characteristics at the time of diagnosis were significantly heterogeneous between males and females. Males exhibited significantly worse overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and noncancer-specific survival (NCSS) in comparison to females in both the general cohort, and the matched cohort. Predictors of survival outcomes generally followed a similar pattern in both sexes except for minor differences. In conclusion, we identified sex as an independent prognostic factor of EOCRC, suggesting disparities in survival between sexes. Further understanding of the epidemiological and genetic bases of these differences could facilitate targeted, personalized therapeutic approaches for EOCRC.
Recent progress in asymmetric radical reactions enabled by chiral iron catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Jie
Published: September 2024

In this highlight, we discuss recently developed chiral iron catalysts and their application in radical asymmetric reactions for the construction of axial or central chirality.
Cross-conjugated vinylogous annulation of π-CF3-allyl Pd-complexes with 4-methyl-3-trifluoroacetyl-quinolones
Authors: Priyanka Chiliveru , Madhu Desagoni , Gangadhar Palivela Siva , Giribabu Lingamallu , Punna Nagender
Published: September 2024

A hitherto unknown cross-conjugated vinylogous anionic annulation of π-CF3-allyl Pd-complexes with 4-methyl-3-trifluoroacetyl quinolones has been disclosed to access the diversely functionalized phenanthridones.
Bio-based hydrogels induced by salts
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yin Yaoyu , Tong Xing , Chen Peng , He Zhuosen , Li Zhihong , Xu Baocai , Wang Ce , Kang Xinchen , Han Buxing
Published: September 2024

The addition of salts in solution of sorbitol-based surfactant (SGCTB) containing open-chain sugar as headgroup and two hydrophobic tails, enhances intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the hydrophilic polyhydroxy spacer, promoting the gelation.
From weak to strong interactions between halogen and noble gas atoms in halonium complexes
Authors: Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Scheiner Steve , Michalczyk Mariusz
Published: September 2024

Inert noble gas atoms are engaged in different forms of halonium cations. Attractive X⋯Ng interactions can vary widely in strength from 1 even up to 25 kcal mol−1.
AMPERE: automated modular platform for expedited and reproducible electrochemical testing
Authors: Abed Jehad , Bai Yang , Persaud Daniel , Kim Jiheon , Witt Julia , Hattrick-Simpers Jason , Sargent Edward H.
Published: September 2024

AMPERE automates sample preparation and electrochemical testing at large scale, enhancing speed, reliability, and openness. It uses a liquid-handling robot with modular reactors to measure metal dissolution for electrochemical stability assessment.
Scaling up clean production of biomass-derived organic acids as a step towards the realization of dual carbon goals: a review
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Ma Jiliang , Sun Runcang
Published: September 2024

Biomass-derived organic acid for green and sustainable future.
Zwitterionic dioxidovanadium(v) complexes containing fluorinated triphenylphosphonium ligands: structure and biomacromolecule studies
Authors: Martins Francisco Mainardi , Durigon Daniele Cocco , Chaves Otávio Augusto , Peralta Rosely Aparecida , Back Davi Fernando , Terenzi Hernán
Published: September 2024

Research on metallodrugs with biological properties remains at the forefront, focusing on the development of compounds that interact non-covalently with DNA and possess the ability to cleave the double helix strands of this biomacromolecule.
Carrier type and density dependence of impact ionization characteristics in WSe2
Authors: Choi Haeju , Li Jinshu , Kang Taeho , Lee Sangmin , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo
Published: September 2024

This study explores the dependence of impact ionization characteristics in WSe2 FETs on carrier type and density. We identify the optimal conditions and demonstrate the fabrication of a high-performance WSe2-based avalanche photodetector.
Durability improvement strategies for wettable fog harvesting devices inspired by spider silk fibers: a review
Authors: Wang Qiong , Guo Zhiguang
Published: September 2024

Based on the unique structure of wettable spider silk fibers uniformly embedded in the crystal and amorphous regions, herein, we review the strategies to improve the durability of water collection equipment modeled on spider silk.
Protecting Li-metal anode with LiF-enriched solid electrolyte interphase derived from a fluorinated graphene additive
Authors: Wu Xiaohong , Hong Yuhao , Li Zhengang , Wang Junhao , Zhang Haitang , Qiao Yu , Yue Hongjun , Jiang Chunhai
Published: September 2024

An LiF-enriched (composition-wise) and organic/inorganic uniform-distributed (structure-wise) SEI film architecture was derived by fluorinated graphene (F-Gr) sacrificial additive to promote efficient Li-metal protection.
Aptamer-functionalized hollow carbon nanospheres for the targeted chemo-photothermal therapy of breast tumor
Authors: Xin Zhihui , Zhao Lu , Bai Zhiqiang , Wang Chaoyu , Liu Zhixiong , Qin Jun , Liu Lizhen , Zhang Haifei , Bai Yunfeng , Feng Feng
Published: September 2024

The aptamer-modified HCNs/DOX/PEG with photothermal and chemotherapeutic effects can effectively promote the targeted drug delivery and the precise ablation of the photothermal agent, which achieving good treatment efficient on MCF-7 cells.
Unveiling the reactivity of CO2 with carbanions: a theoretical analysis of the carboxylation step
Authors: Nicoletti Catia , Orlandi Manuel , Dell'Amico Luca , Sartorel Andrea
Published: September 2024

We unveil the reactivity of CO2 with carbanions through a theoretical model, gaining linear free energy relationships and structural features of the transition state.
Combined and rapid detection of anti-Brucella IgG/IgM in clinical samples based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering-lateral flow immunochromatography
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Li Ziyue , Zhu Aolin , Zhang Qian , Zhou Hao , Zhou Xuelei , Liu Tingwei , Liu Chunyan , Zha Hefei , Zhang Xin , Zhao Hui , Li Jiutong , Lü Guodong , Li Xinxia
Published: September 2024

Brucellosis is a bacterial infectious disease caused mainly by Brucella. Transmission is mainly by contact with infected domestic or wild animals or their excreta.
Conductive chelating agent-treated electron transfer layers for environmentally friendly and efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Yongjia , Zhang Shufang , Liu Zhihao , Zhong Hai , Zhang Qi , Yao Changlin , Chu Xinbo
Published: September 2024

A multifaceted conductive chelating agent, sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS), is incorporated into SnO2 precursor solution to improve the performance of PSCs and provide in situ suppression of lead leakage by chelating with dissociative Pb2+.
Mechanisms conferring bacterial cell wall variability and adaptivity
Authors: Torrens Gabriel , Cava Felipe
Published: September 2024

The bacterial cell wall, a sophisticated and dynamic structure predominantly composed of peptidoglycan (PG), plays a pivotal role in bacterial survival and adaptation. Bacteria actively modify their cell walls by editing PG components in response to environmental challenges. Diverse variations in peptide composition, cross-linking patterns, and glycan strand structures empower bacteria to resist antibiotics, evade host immune detection, and adapt to dynamic environments. This review comprehensively summarizes the most common modifications reported to date and their associated adaptive role and further highlights how regulation of PG synthesis and turnover provides resilience to cell lysis.
The Dsc complex and its role in Golgi quality control
Authors: Weyer Yannick , Teis David
Published: September 2024

Membrane proteins play crucial roles in cellular functions. However, processes such as the insertion of membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), their folding into native structures, the assembly of multi-subunit membrane protein complexes, and their targeting from the ER to specific organelles are prone to errors and have a relatively high failure rate. To prevent the accumulation of defective or orphaned membrane proteins, quality control mechanisms assess folding, quantity, and localization of these proteins. This quality control is vital for preserving organelle integrity and maintaining cellular health. In this mini-review, we will focus on how selective membrane protein quality control at the Golgi apparatus, particularly through the defective for SREBP cleavage (Dsc) ubiquitin ligase complex, detects orphaned proteins and prevents their mis-localization to other organelles.
Community-Supported Shared Infrastructure in Support of Speech Accessibility
Authors: Hasegawa-Johnson Mark , Zheng Xiuwen , Kim Heejin , Mendes Clarion , Dickinson Meg , Hege Erik , Zwilling Chris , Channell Marie Moore , Mattie Laura , Hodges Heather , Ramig Lorraine , Bellard Mary , Shebanek Mike , Sarι Leda , Kalgaonkar Kaustubh , Frerichs David , Bigham Jeffrey P. , Findlater Leah , Lea Colin , Herrlinger Sarah , Korn Peter , Abou-Zahra Shadi , Heywood Rus , Tomanek Katrin , MacDonald Bob
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The Speech Accessibility Project (SAP) intends to facilitate research and development in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and other machine learning tasks for people with speech disabilities. The purpose of this article is to introduce this project as a resource for researchers, including baseline analysis of the first released data package.

Method:

The project aims to facilitate ASR research by collecting, curating, and distributing transcribed U.S. English speech from people with speech and/or language disabilities. Participants record speech from their place of residence by connecting their personal computer, cell phone, and assistive devices, if needed, to the SAP web portal. All samples are manually transcribed, and 30 per participant are annotated using differential diagnostic pattern dimensions. For purposes of ASR experiments, the participants have been randomly assigned to a training set, a development set for controlled testing of a trained ASR, and a test set to evaluate ASR error rate.

Results:

The SAP 2023-10-05 Data Package contains the speech of 211 people with dysarthria as a correlate of Parkinson's disease, and the associated test set contains 42 additional speakers. A baseline ASR, with a word error rate of 3.4% for typical speakers, transcribes test speech with a word error rate of 36.3%. Fine-tuning reduces the word error rate to 23.7%.

Conclusions:

Preliminary findings suggest that a large corpus of dysarthric and dysphonic speech has the potential to significantly improve speech technology for people with disabilities. By providing these data to researchers, the SAP intends to significantly accelerate research into accessible speech technology.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27078079
Improved AB‐CPREs with Revocability and HRA Security under LWE
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Mingqiang
Published: September 2024

Attribute‐based conditional proxy re‐encryption protocols (AB‐CPREs) enable a delegator to delegate his decryption rights via different policies and grant the data owner greater flexibility in allocating their encrypted private data stored in the cloud. However, existing lattice‐based AB‐CPREs suffer from some drawbacks such as large parameters and weak passive securities. To the best of our knowledge, the first quantum‐safe key‐policy AB‐CPREs with polynomially bounded parameters (for certain NC 0 circuits/policies) that is selective attribute secure against honest re‐encryption attacks (HRA) is presented. The security of our proposed AB‐CPREs is based on standard LWE assumptions. We further introduce the directly revocable AB‐CPREs, a primitive that enables a delegator to authorize and revoke his delegation of decryption rights dynamically and offers more flexible access control on externally stored encrypted data. Definition and security model of single‐hop directly revocable AB‐CPREs are given, and the first detailed construction of single‐hop directly revocable AB‐CPREs based on standard LWE assumptions is also proposed.
Design and analysis of a new feature optimisation method for circuit breakers defect identification
Authors: Liu Huilan , Li Xiang , Zhao Shutao , Qiu Shi , Liu Jiaomin , Wang Chen
Published: September 2024

The vibration signals of a circuit breaker (CB) contain important action timing information. The optimisation of features extraction for vibration signals generated during the operation process of CBs is crucial for rapid defect location and identification for CB. The authors propose a new feature optimisation method, defined as energy trajectory entropy of vibration signals via tracing the action characteristics of the main shaft of CBs. Firstly, an image tracking algorithm is employed to dynamically capture the key frames of the high‐speed image sequence of the main shaft and accurately divide the action sequence. The “cluster” instantaneous energy waveforms of the vibration signal, divided by zones, are then diffused by the twiddle factor in the polar coordinate sub grid area, while the energy trajectory entropy algorithm (ETE) is utilised to investigate the subtle changes in the energy release process. The ETE scale parameters are optimised using a support vector machine identification model. This enables rapid location of defective components in CBs, resulting in a significant reduction in time cost. The experiment has confirmed the strong feature correlation between CBs action and vibration signals, offering new ideas for achieving non‐invasive defect identification of CBs.