bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF EMERGENCY NURSING IN NEW NORMAL ADAPTATION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Wijayanti Dini Prastyo , Diana Meli , Prayoga Dimas Hadi
Published: June 2021

The new normal for nurses is a push to revitalize the profession, especially for emergency nurses. Many patients with COVID-19 will be asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. The role of Emergency Nurses as frontline in Pandemic have to adaptation with new standard for guideline personal protection equipment. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role of Emergency Nursing in in new normal adaptation during pandemic of Covid-19. This is a theoretical reflection based on the scientific literature. The pandemic emphasizes the importance of nursing care for the preservation of life and the right to health, and the Nursing Now Campaign echoes the demand for recognition of nursing practitioners who are at the frontline fighting of the COVID-19. Nursing practitioners have vital role as care giver, educator, advocacy, researcher and agent of change. Emergency of nursing have vital role in new normal adaptation as frontline. Nursing must consider its own worth, expand its potential for lifelong learning role as care giver, educator, advocacy and researcher, and be mindful be agent of change.

 

Keywords: Nurse’s role, emergency nursing, new normal adaptation, Covid-19.
ФАКТОРИ ПРИРОДНОЇ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ ПРИ СУБКЛІНІЧНОМУ МАСТИТІ ЗА ДІЇ ЛІПОСОМАЛЬНОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ
Authors: Чепурна В.
Published: June 2021

У статті наведені результати експериментальних досліджень щодо впливу нового комплексного ліпосомального препарату, виготовленого на основі звіробою продірявленого (Hypericum perforatum L.), на показники неспецифічної резистентності організму корів, хворих на субклінічний мастит.

Дослідження показали, що захворювання корів на субклінічну форму маститу призводить до підвищення фагоцитарної активності нейтрофілів крові на тлі зниження фагоцитарного числа та інтенсивності фагоцитозу. При цьому у хворих корів констатовано зростання вмісту циркулюючих імунних комплексів та зниження рівня бактерицидної та лізоцимної активності сироватки крові. Інтрацистернальне введення хворим коровам досліджуваного препарату спричинило нормалізуючий вплив на показники природної резистентності.
МОРФОФУНЦІОНАЛЬНІ ЗМІНИ В ОРГАНАХ ІМУНОГЕНЕЗУ СОБАК ЗА ПАРВОВІРУСНОГО ТА КОРОНАВІРУСНОГО ЕНТЕРИТУ
Authors: Радзиховский М. , Горальський І. , Дишкант О. , Сокульський М. , Толокевич О.
Published: June 2021

У роботі, за допомогою експрес тестів VetExpert та в ІФА і ПЛР, визначено зміни у імунокомпетентних органах з урахуванням особливостей клінічного прояву хвороби та результатів макро- та мікроскопічних змін в органах і тканинах собак при коронавірусному та парвовірусному ентеритах.

На основі проведеного нами аналізу літературних джерел, результатів моніторингових та власних досліджень з’ясовано, що вірусні ентерити займають провідне місце в інфекційній патології собак і завдають значних збитків власникам тварин. Вірусні ентерити призводять до тяжких розладів багатьох систем організму, а однією з перших вражається – імунна.

Патологоанатомічний розтин собак виконували методом часткової евісцерації в загальноприйнятій послідовності. Виготовлені гістологічні зрізи фарбували гематоксиліном та еозином за стандартними прописами. Загальну гістологічну будову і мікроструктурні зміни гісто– та цитоструктур органів в гістологічних препаратах вивчали під світловим мікроскопом.

За результатами патолого-анатомічного розтину трупів собак за кишкової форми парвовірусного ентериту встановлено, зміни в органах імунного захисту, а саме: у тимусі найбільш виразними є порушення процесів диференціації лімфоцитів в тимусних часточках, в лімфатичних вузлах – розширення і переповнення кров'ю кровоносних судин й набряк коркової і мозкової речовини, в селезінці – набряк пульпи і накопичення в червоній пульпі гранул і зерен залізовмісного пігменту – гемосидерину, (внаслідок розпаду великої кількості еритроцитів).

За коронавірусного ентериту у собак виявляли патоморфологічні зміни в імунокомпетентних органах, що характеризують пригнічення функції імуногенезу під час інфекційного захворювання вірусної етіології. Так, у селезінці відмічаються крапчасті крововиливи, лімфатичні вузли – помірно гіперплазовані, з ознаками геморагічного запалення. Встановлено активну проліферацію лімфоїдного ряду клітин, що призводить до гіперплазії, і є одним з маркерів впливу інфекційного агента на макроорганізм у вигляді запального процесу в регіонарних лімфовузлах, що свідчить про репродукцію вірусу і вказує на розвиток імунологічних процесів.
Espongofauna da praia de Gaibú, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Authors: Da Silva Junior Rui Milton Patrício , De Brito Camila Cristina Pires , Albuquerque Mirthes Ferreira , Costa Marcela Melo de Assis , Florêncio Mônica Simões , Luz Betty Rose de Araujo
Published: June 2021

Os poríferos são organismos filtradores que estão inseridos entre os principais componentes das comunidades bentônicas em todos os oceanos. Ocorrem em todos os mares e profundidades, predominando nos litorais rochosos. Estudos espongofaunísticos brasileiros são ainda pouco explorados, sobretudo na região Nordeste, portanto aqueles já realizados registram frequentemente novas espécies e ocorrências. Neste conceito, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento da fauna de esponjas marinhas no recife arenítico da zona entremarés da praia de Gaibú, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brasil, verificando os aspectos ecológicos e morfológicos das espécies ocorrentes. Foram identificadas as espécies: Cliona dioryssa, Cinachyrella alloclada, Tedania ignis, Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis e Dragmacidon reticulatus. Aspectos ecológicos e morfológicos também foram analisados, estabelecendo assim um padrão base para a área estudada.
Implementasi Program Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Fitriani Pramita Gurning  , Rahmia Yunita Sari S  , Rizky Widya Astuti  , Ummu Balqis Munfaridah Sinambela
Published: June 2021

Stunting atau sering disebut kerdil atau pendek adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak berusia di bawah lima tahun (balita) akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dan infeksi berulang terutama pada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK), yaitu dari janin hingga anak berusia 23 bulan. Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Medan, Angka stunting di Kota Medan yaitu sebesar 491 dengan persentase 17,4% pada tahun 2019. Sedangkan angka stunting di Kota Medan pada tahun 2020 yaitu sebesar 393 dengan persentase 0,71%. 491 kasus balita stunting yang tersebar di 25 Kecamatan dan 104 kelurahan. Kasus tertinggi, berada di Kecamatan Medan Deli yakni sebanyak 101 kasus dan Kelurahan Titi Papan merupakan kelurahan dengan kasus tertinggi sebanyak 82 kasus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriftif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi. Di wilayah Kota Medan capaian STBM diketahui sebesar 36,04 % sedangkan capaian target nasional sebesar 68,06%. Salah satu faktor penyebab tidak tercapainya target capaian STBM yaitu dikarenakan keadaan sanitasi yang kurang baik mempengaruhi kesehatan tumbuh kembang anak yang dapat mengakibatkan diare sehingga mempengaruhi gizi anak.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Prevalensi Disfungsi Seksual Pada Ibu Post Partum Dengan Luka Perineum Dan Seksio Sesarea Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tigaraksa
Authors: Solihati  , Lastri Mei Winarni  , Rini Sartika  , Mega Suciani
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang :Kasus disfungsi seksual kurang menjadi perhatian pemerintah, kurangnya promosi konseling fungsi seksual tidak banyak dibicarakan. Sebagian besar ibu post partum memiliki persepsi bahwa membahas seksualitas merupakan hal yang tabu, disfungsi seksual khususnya pada ibu post partum dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi ibu, bayi dan keluarganya. Disfungsi seksual ibu post partum dapat menyebabkan stress hingga perceraian. Tujuan Penelitian : adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prevalensi disfungsi seksual ibu post partum dengan luka episiotomi dan sectio sesarea di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tigaraksa. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional sehingga diperoleh 120 responden dengan analisa uji statistik chi square test. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan hasil uji analisa dengan usia ibu, paritas dan menyusui adalah p- value 0,000, 0,000 dan 0,004 < α (0,05) sedangkan pendidikan, pekerjaan dan jenis persalinan memiliki p-value 0,251, 0,810 dan 0,584 > α (0,05). Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan antara usia ibu, paritas dan menyusui serta tidak adanya hubungan antara pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan jenis persalinan terhadap prevalensi disfungsi seksual.
Lovestyle Dan Gender Attitude Mempengaruhi Perilaku Seks Pranikah Pada Remaja
Authors: Siti Cholifah  , Lulu Maryadiana
Published: June 2021

Background perilaku seksual pranikah di kalangan remaja semakin meningkat. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah gaya pacaran remaja mulai dari berkencan, berciuman sampai bersenggama, dan sikap gender yang tidak berimbang, laki-laki menganggap perempuan adalah kaum yang lemah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan lovestyle, gender attitude dengan perilaku seks pranikah pada remaja di sekolah SMK swasta kota Tangerang. Metode penelian ini desain deskriptif korelasi, pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling purposiv, analisa yang digunakan yaitu univariat dan bivariat. Hasil berdasarkan uji Chi-Square ada hubungan antara lovestyle, gender attitude dengan perilaku seks pranikah (P Value 0,000 < 0,05). Diketahui bahwa gaya pacaran dan perilaku gender pada remaja mempengaruhi dorongan hasrat seksual pranikah, Saran kepada remaja diharapkan untuk menjalin komunikasi lebih intensif terhadap pasangannya sehingga dapat mengendalikan untuk tidak berperilaku seks pranikah.
Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Manajemen Laktasi Dengan Perilaku Pemberian ASI Ekslusif
Authors: Priatna Heri , Evi Nurafiah
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Manajemen laktasi merupakan segala daya upaya yang dilakukan untuk membantu ibu mencapai keberhasilan dalam menyusui bayinya. Pelaksanaan pemberian ASI dapat dilakukan dengan baik dan benar jika terdapat informasi yang lengkap tentang manfaat ASI dan manajemen laktasi. Pemberian ASI eksklusif dihambat oleh beberapa hal seperti prilaku menyusui yang kurang mendukung tentang manajemen laktasi, kesadaran akan pentingnya ASI. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang manajemen laktasi dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif diwilayah kerja puskemas gembor tangerang tahun 2019. Metode Penelitian: penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif kolerasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner. Jumlah responden sebanyak 89 orang ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 6–12 bulan dengan tehnik simple random sampling. Data yang diperoleh diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan rumus chi square. Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa dari 89 responden ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 6–12 bulan, 73,0% berpengetahuan baik, dan 27,0% berpengetahuan kurang. Sebanyak 68,5% perilaku baik dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif dan 31,5% perilaku kurang dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil peelitian, ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang manajemen laktasi dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif diwilayah kerja puskesmas gembor tangerang tahun 2019 (p value ≤ 0,05) yaitu p value: 0,011.
The northernmost record of Eriostethus rufus (Uchida, 1932) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) with an indication of new host, Trichonephila clavata (Koch, 1878) (Araneae, Araneidae) and its web manipulation
Authors: Takasuka Keizo
Published: June 2021

Eriostethus rufus (Uchida, 1932) is a polysphinctine ectoparasitoid of araneid spiders (Neoscona spp.) and is endemic to Japan. An individual was collected in Yamagata Prefecture (38º46' N), northern Japan, the northernmost record of the species and also the genus. Its identification was confirmed by morphology and by DNA barcoding. The cocoon was found in a large modified web, which is unique in that the web structure is shaped like an inverted triangle extending to over 50 cm with the cocoon hanging from an ill-defined part of the cocoon web without any organized structure surrounding the cocoon. The host spider of this individual appears to be Trichonephila clavata (Koch, 1878) (Araneidae, Nephilinae) based on several circumstantial evidences. The structure of the modified web suggests that the pre-existing web was partly reused, the orb web was completely removed, and sustaining threads of the barrier web would be newly moored to the substrates. This record means that E. rufus parasitises host spiders of two subfamilies, which is unusual for the group.
Clinical Pattern, Morphology and Treatment Modality of Basal Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Region: Analysis of 10 Cases
Authors: Parveen Mendiratta  , Vandana Mendiratta  , Roopak Aggarwal  , Shailendra Pal Singh
Published: June 2021

Basal cell carcinoma is most common type of non-melanotic skin cancer. Causative agents are UV and ionizing radiation and chemicals. Nodular, pigmented, superficial, cystic and infiltrative are major subtypes. It is mainly treated by excision surgery in the form of wide local excision and reconstruction is done by various flaps. In our study 10 patients were included and found that carcinoma is commoner in old age female patients and mainly near right canthus of eyeball; treated with surgery which is well tolerated by all the patients.
Dental Amalgam- Anthropogenic Aspects
Authors: Pragya Pandey  , Kirti Srivastava  , Himanshu Reddy  , Diksha Singh
Published: June 2021

Mercury is released in the environment by various natural and anthropogenic activities. As mercury is toxic, presence of high levels of mercury in the environment is a major concern. One source of mercury in humans is dental amalgam fillings. Dental amalgam has been used for ages in dental clinics and dental hospitals for restoring defective and decayed teeth. This raises concern regarding the use of dental amalgam and its disposal. The purpose of this article is to sensitize people about the hazards of mercury, make them cognizant with guidelines regarding the use of mercury in dental clinics and enforce the use of alternatives to mercury when possible.
Brachiobasalic Versus Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula for Vascular Access during Hemodialysis: A Review
Authors: Chandrashekhar C Mahakalkar  , Suhas N Jajoo  , Suhas N Jajoo  , Meghali N Kaple  , Shivani Kshirsagar  , Melisa Philip  , Vaibhav Thorat
Published: June 2021

Introduction: A functional vascular access site is the lifeline for patients with end stage kidney disease that require chronic hemodialysis. The ground-breaking article by Brescia and Cimino in 1966 revolutionized the creation of the vascular access, and the Cimino fistula was soon used in almost all dialysis patients. Arteriovenous Fistula is an autologous arteriovenous access created by a connection of a vein to an artery where the vein serves as the accessible conduit. The vascular access can be created using Radial artery or Brachial artery. Common locations include the forearm (radiocephalic) and upper arm (brachiocephalic and brachiobasilic). Other less common combinations may exist, such as the ulnar-basilic fistula. When less commonly created vascular access are studied, a clear description of their surgical anastomosis is suggested. Aim: to review Brachiobasalic Versus Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula for Vascular Access during Hemodialysis. Conclusions: Most of the studies have measured the outcomes in terms of Time-dependent patency, Anatomic patency, Vascular Access Maturation and Complications related to surgical Procedures and Cannulation.
A Review- Learning and Memory activity of Brahmyadi Ghrita
Authors: Santosh Suryakant Pusadkar  , Bharat Rathi  , Kaustubh Bhoyar  , Sunil G. Topre  , Sanika Kalambe  , Roshan Jha
Published: June 2021

Brahmyadi Ghrita (BG) is one of the formulations recommended in Ashtangahridya Balrogadhikara as medhya & Smritivardhak. It contains 8 ingredients Brahmi, Kushta, Sariva, Pippali, Vacha, Sidhartaka, Goghrita, Saindhav. These are mainly having Medhya, Rasayana, Krimihara, Shodhana, Hridya, Dipana, Pachana properties. In totality ingredient possess Tikta, Katu Rasa, Ushna Virya, Katu Vipaka. Due to these properties it acts as Kaphavatahar and by clearing ‘Srotorodh’ it makes the way for the action of Medhya drugs on target cells
Efficacy of Various Final Irrigant Activation Procedures on Smear Layer Removal - A SEM Study
Authors: Amjed Majeed Khalaf  , Biland M.S. Shukri
Published: June 2021

Background: This in vitro study was intended to compare the removing efficacy of smear layer of the EndoVac , EDDY tip, XP - endo Finisher and conventional needle irrigation in palatal roots of extracted maxillary first molars, at the apical, middle and coronal levels by using scanning electron microscopy. Material and Method: The palatal roots of sixty recently extracted maxillary first molars were selected and divided into four groups (n=15) according to final irrigation agitation systems; EndoVac irrigation system,Eddy tip, XP - endo Finisher and conventional needle irrigation. Each root was prepared to 40/0.06 apical size with EDGEENDO X3 rotary files. Following splitting the root samples, single half of each sample was selected for examination under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The comparisons among irrigation activation devices were done using the Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test at 0.05 significance level. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, no one of the tested systems can remove the smear layer completely. However, EndoVac system , Eddy tip and XP - endo Finisher remove significantly more smear layer than conventional needle irrigation at the apical third but there was no significant difference at middle and coronal thirds.
Management of Patient with Caustic Ingestion Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Supriadi1  , Budi Widodo  , Brinna Anindita
Published: June 2021

The ingestion of caustic substances, both accidental and voluntary, determines a complex syndrome, characterized by severe, often irreversible, visceral lesions, with still remarkable mortality in highly compromised patients. Al36-year-old woman came to Emergency-Room with the chief complaints of blackish vomiting about 4ltimes after drinking liquid to clean the bathroom floor. Patients with findings of grade 2B esophageal injury, pangastritis and gastric ulcer on endoscopy have high the risk of perforation and complications. Endoscopy done within 12lhours and no later than 24lhours following caustic ingestion to classify mucosal injury subsequent to caustic ingestion is useful to determine the severity of injury, particularly in suicidal cases, and thus helpful in predicting outcomes. Patient threat with rehydration with normal saline, total parenteral nutrition, pump omeprazole, injection of methylprednisolone, antibiotic, and sucralfate. Consultation with the Psychiatry department has been conducted psychoeducation and psychotherapy.
Histopathological Changes in Brain Tissues Associated with Oral Administration of Tramadol in Male Rats
Authors: Mraisel Abbas Ch. , Ibrahim Sawsan A. , Dawood Muntadher H.
Published: June 2021

Background: Repeated and long treatment with tramadol that could cause toxic metabolites by accumulationin the body and with high level of risk of pharmokinetic interaction alongside the decreasing of tramadol,therefore this study was carried out to investigate the toxic impact of the tramadol on the tissues of the brainin the male rats.Method: This experiment was accomplished and processed at environmental toxicology laboratory,environmental studies department, institute of graduate studies and research, university of Alexandria, Alexandriap) ovince, Egypt. a group of rats (32, male) from Albano waster subspecies and they weigh from 200-250g,all belonging to the animal house of the faculty of medicine, university of Alexandria and grouping in tofour groups (8 rats for each group in each cage). In regards to the control group, they were given basal foodand tap water through-out 10 days by gastric tube, day by day. Group three the rats were fed with basal dietand given Tramadol HCL orally in dose 45mg/ kg .B.W dissolved in (5ml) normal saline (0.9%) by gastrictube, daily for Twenty days. Group for the rats were fed with basal diet and given Tramadol HCL orally indose 45mg/ kg .B.W dissolved in (5ml) normal saline (0.9%) by gastric tube, daily for Thirty days. When theexperimental period reached its end, kidney tissues of each rat were instantly removed and after that weighed thenput into 10 percent of neutral buffer formalin to be considered as a fixative solution.The Results: The results showed significantly decrease in the heaviness of the brain in the groups of therats that given the Tramadol HCL in dose 45mg/ kg .B.W with increasing the time of administration ascompared to the control group. Histopathological changes were observed in rats brain tissues section therats that given Tramadol HCL orally in dose 45mg/ kg .B.W dissolved in (5ml) normal saline for ten daysrevealed mild degree of tissue injury in the cerebral cortex, with few vacuolar degeneration and dilatationof blood vessels, and the tissue sections of group two after ten days revealed mild degree of tissue injury inthe cerebral cortex, with few vacuolar degeneration and dilatation of blood vessels, while the three groupObserved increase in the vacuolar degeneration, with neural atrophy and degeneration of neurons withreduction the neural process and pyknosis of the nuclei dilatation of blood vessels after twenty days oftramadol administration. The tissue Sections the obtained from the group four after thirty days revealedincrease in the vacuolar degeneration, with more atrophy of the neural cells and complete reduction theneural process and pyknosis of the nucleus in the injured neural cells and glyosis.The Conclusion of this study there are harmful toxic effects when administrated the tramadol for longperiod on the brain tissues, therefore abuse of tramadol should be avoided except with medical prescriptionowing to its toxic effects.
Can Antisperm Antibodies affect Male Fertility after Subinguinal Varicocelectomy ? A Local Study
Authors: Mohammad Ehab Jasim , Abdulkareem Duraid Taha , Hassan Omar Aziz
Published: June 2021

Background: Antisperm Antibodies researches emerged in 1899 in a report referring to the ability of spermsto be antigenic in case of injection into a foreign species. In 1900, researchers showed that sperms are alsoantigenic in case of injection into similar species. Moreover, Wilson (1954) identified ASAB in the partnersof infertile male and then observed the association of ASAB with male infertility. In addition, a correlationwas found between ASAB and sperm proteomics, and thus researchers specified those ASABs decreasingmale fertilities via inhibition of the sperm functions crucial for fertilization.Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the effect(s) of varicocelectomy on the anti-sperm antibody incases who suffer from varicocele.Methods: In the present prospective, controlled, clinical research which has been performed during theperiod from april 2015 to may 2020. Therefore, the blood samples have been randomly provided from190 males with mean age 33 years (ranging from 20-45 years) ,with the clinical varicocele who have beenindicated for varicocelectomy. Then, participants have been randomly selected from the urology outpatientclinic of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad,Iraq,and Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital and privateclinic.Results: In our study, ASA level (27.2%) with the positive serum ASA prior to with those (43.2%) followingthe operation demonstrated a significant difference statistically (p = 0.033). However, such a result has beennot confirmed in the patients (27.4%) with positive semen ASA prior to with those (31.3%) following thesurgical operation (p = 0.881).Conclusion: According to the results, varicocelectomy did not have any impact on the semen ASA,despite,but serum antibody enhanced following varicocelectomy and sperm motility improved. Therefore,varicocelectomy usefully affected the semen parameters in the infertile men suffering from varicocele.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Newly Reported HIV Cases in Iraq (1986-2019)
Authors: Saleh Jalil Ibrahim , Khalil Nawar Sahib , Al-Koubaisy Haitham Noaman , Mahdi Hussien Ali , Naeem Hadeer , Kadhim Najoh
Published: June 2021

Background: HIV/AIDS is considered as one of the most important public health concern faced by manydeveloped and developing countries.Objective: To study the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the newly reported HIV Iraqi casesduring the period extending from 1986 to 2019.Subjects and Methods: This is across sectional study conducted using data from newly reported HIVIraqi cases from March 2018 to March 2020. These data were available from the patient’s records at theIraqi National HIV/AIDS Program Centre. Annual registration statistics covering the period from 1986 to2019 were reviewed. The diagnosis was done through identification of anti-HIV antibodies using primarilyELISA as screening test and positive cases were confirmed by Western blot assay. The obtained data werecategorized according to the socio-demographic variables and were analyzed statistically.Results: A total number of newly reported HIV Iraqi cases covering the period from 1986 to 2019 was 892cases. The majority of the cases were males (83%), from 21-39 years old (60.3%), alive (65.7%), and single(53.4%). Most of them were from low educational level (45.1%), low socio-economic status (48.3%), andliving in urban areas (75.6%) from Central origin (63.2%).Conclusions: Identification of these findings may provide important directions for targeting certain sociodemographiccharacteristics of the HIV infections to provide specific support for accessing healthcareservices and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.
The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Quercus infectoria Plant on Pap E gene Expression of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Kadhim Ammar Jawad , Rasheed Hassan Majeed
Published: June 2021

One hundred twelve urine samples were collected from Baghdad hospitals and examined by differentidentification techniques. Seventy isolates (62.5%) were diagnosed as Escherichia coli after microscopicand cultural identifications. The result of PCR product electrophoresis on the isolates showed that thirteenisolates (18.57%) have Pap E gene which are uropathogenic E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done,and four high resistant strains were mixed with aqueous extract of Quercus infectoria plant in 96 well ELISAplate and incubated for different times. After 0, 6, and 12 hr. of incubation, the effect of the plant extract onthe bacterial growth was determined by ELISA reader, and the effect on the expression of Pap E gene wasexamined by real-time PCR. The results were showed that the higher effect of the extract was on the E10strain growth that dropped from 3.184 at zero time of incubation to 2.378 and 2.281 after 6, and 12 hrs. ofincubation respectively. Also, shown a downregulation in the expression of Pap E gene of the isolates atdifferent times of incubation. The E10 strain shows decrease in the fold from 1 before the treatment with theextract to 0.076 at zero time of incubation with the extract, after 6 and 12 hrs. of incubation it shows a totaldown-regulation of the gene.
Whitening Efficiency of Laser 940 nm and LED (450-505) nm on Extrinsic Stained Teeth (in vitro study)
Authors: Hassab Ali A , Ali Hussein Basima Mohammed , G Rzoqi Mohammed G Rzoqi
Published: June 2021

Background: Teeth staining is one of the esthetic problems faced by dentists and patients. Many methodshave been suggested as crowns, restorations and bleaching. Dental bleaching effectiveness depends on manyfactors including technique and materials.Objectives: Studying the effect of diode laser 940 nm and light emitting diode (450-505) nm in bleaching ofstained teeth regarding : whitening efficiency; pulp temperature; surface roughness and topography.Materials and Methods: 40 extracted anterior teeth divided into 6 groups immersed at 37 oC in eithertea; coffee; cola ; juice for 14 days, tobacco stained teeth as well as control group were also included (immersed in distilled water ). These groups were subdivided into laser group or light emitting diode groupbleached according to manufacturer specifications. Shades of teeth were recorded before and after bleaching.Furthermore, temperature changes during bleaching were recorded using thermocouple Thermometer. Allspecimens were examined under light microscope, Atomic Force Microscope and Sectioning ElectronicMicroscope to study the surface roughness and topography.Results: the light emitting diode group yielded slight significant whitening efficiency with more pulptemperature rise (3.4 ºC) compared to the laser group (1.4 ºC). Both groups showed non-significant effect onroughness and topography compared to control group.Conclusion: Although light emitting diode group showed slightly significant shade improvement, but theincrease in pulp temperature was greater than that of laser group indicated better prognosis and safety whendiode laser 940 nm used. Conducting between efficiency and preservation, diode laser is superior in safetyand slightly similar whitening efficiency.
Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Wars and Repression at Mosul City-Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Alkaisy Mohammad Salih , Ahmed Salem Shehab , Alsydan Mahfoodh Sulaiman , Qader Suleiman Ahmed Abdel , Younis Nasir Muwfaq , Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: More than 27 years of wars, repression and sanction have led to humansuffering all over Iraq, this study was done to estimate the prevalence rates of symptoms of Post-traumaticstress disorder ,and estimating the rate of exposure to traumatic events in Mosul City / Iraq.Materials and Method: Across- sectional multi-cluster sample survey of 424 respondents aged 18 yearsor older, conducted at Mosul city from January to March 2019 . 159 households were surveyed. Posttraumaticstress disorder Symptoms and Trauma events measured by the Iraqi version of Harvard TraumaQuestionnaire.Results: During the past 27 years ( 97.96% ) of respondents experienced at least 4 traumatic events, (26.14%) experienced between 5-10 traumatic events and ( 17.51%) experienced more than 10 traumaticevents .The most common traumatic events experienced by respondents were home searching while theywere present , witnessing murder and murder of family members. The prevalence of respondents withsymptoms of Post-traumatic stress disorder der was (25.88%). Symptoms were more prevalent in womenthan in men with p value < 0.001 for PTSD.Conclusion: The findings of the study are concluded that the prevalence rate of symptoms of Post-traumaticstress disorder were high. This finding suggest the need for volunteer and health care planner.In addition tothe need for trained mental health care professionals.
The Effect of Rehabilitative Exercises on the Efficiency of the Knee Joint for Female Students with Simple Rupture of the Lateral Collateral Ligament
Authors: Abd Alazem Rehab Nabeel , Hadi Ammar Hamza , Alwan Mayson Hussien
Published: June 2021

The research problem lies in the presence of large numbers of female students with knee joint, especiallyin the effectiveness of rhythmic gymnastics because this event requires a high level of skillful performancebecause most of the skills need to move quickly, jump and change direction, and that the lack of strength inthe muscles surrounding the knee joint exposes students to a lateral collateral ligament injury, and becausethese muscles are among the most important muscles that participate in motor performance and which beara high rate of effort performed and this may lead to the occurrence of injury, and that the use of treatmentwith chemical analgesic drugs over long periods of time usually causes many side effects, so the researchersdecided to use rehabilitating exercises that are of great benefit to such an injury to him, so rehabilitativeexercises were used in the rehabilitation of the lateral collateral ligament injury of the knee joint, the researchobjectives to prepare rehabilitative exercises in the efficiency of the knee joint for female students with asimple tear of the lateral ligament. The researchers used the experimental method in the method of (onegroup) with the two pre and post-tests due to its suitability to the nature of the problem. The sample waschosen by the intentional method of (7) students with partial tearing of the lateral ligament of the knee jointbased on a medical report from the specialist doctor, and after a medical examination and an (MRI). In lightof the results reached by the researchers, the following conclusions came out:- The rehabilitative exerciseshave a positive effect in rehabilitating the partial tear of the lateral ligament for students with rhythmicgymnastics.
The Effect of Combined High-Intensity Interval Training Exercises on Some of the Technical Skills and Endurance of Performance for Advanced Futsal Players
Authors: Saleh Hasan Hadi , Radhi Mahmoud Nasser , Abdullah Ali Wafaa
Published: June 2021

The importance of the research lies in scientifically preparing a complex of high-intensity interval training, asresearchers believe that it affects some technical skills that are directly involved to endurance the performanceof futsal players. As for the research problem: Through the experience of field researchers, they noticed thatthere is a noticeable decrease in the performance of skills in the second half and in the matches in whichthe level of technical performance is very high, and this decrease leads to slow movement to take the rightplace during the performance of those skills, the researchers believe that the reason for this is that these skillsdo not receive their adequate share of training in a manner consistent with the nature of their performancefrom the physical and physiological standpoint. The aim of which is to have a positive effect on some of thetechnical skills and performance of futsal players. The researchers used the experimental method to solvethe research problem, and on the research community, the research community was identified with the 14players of Naft Al Wasat club in the futsal season 2020-2021, they were distributed into two groups equallyin a random way (lottery method), and then data was processed using appropriate statistical methods.
Building and Codifying the Strategic Agility of Handball Coaches from the Players’ Point View
Authors: Karim Reem Abbas , Owaid Intisar
Published: June 2021

The importance of the study lies in the extent to which the trainer possesses strategic agility and employs itin his training work. The problem arises in the study of the strategic agility of a handball coach. Researchobjectives: Building and applying the scale of strategic agility for handball coaches from the players’point view, as well as setting standard levels for the scale of strategic agility of handball coaches from theplayers’ point of view, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method because it ismore appropriate for the objectives of the research and the nature of the problem. The research communityconsists of the Iraqi handball premier league players for the season (2019-2020) of (140) Player, and all theresearch sample was deliberately chosen. The researcher concluded building and codifying the strategicagility scale for handball coaches from the players ’point of view. The research sample was distributed overfive levels of the strategic agility scale for handball coaches from the players’ point of view. Therefore, theresearcher recommends adopting the scale designed for coaches, a tool for measuring the trainers’ possessionof strategic agility.
Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Hemodialysis Patients in Al-Najaf Province
Authors: Hadi Oday Mitib , Humaidy Ihsan Khadum
Published: June 2021

Information about methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is unavailable in ourprovince, in comparison with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two hundred and forty isolates ofStaphylococci were recovered from hemodialysis patients, from July-2019 to January-2020. Antimicrobialsusceptibility was performed for methicillin-resistant CoNS, by using the Kirby and Bauer technique.mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results revealed that the infections werepredominant in males (66.7%) especially in the age group more than 60 years old. Patients from urban areasoccupied the highest percent in comparison with the rural areas.Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant among other isolated genera (63.33%), of these forty strains(26.32%) were mecA positive, while Staphylococcus saprophyticus takes only (16.67%) and six isolates wereappeared to be mecA positive. Resistant patterns illustrated that most mecA positive strains were resistant tomore than one antibiotic of none-beta lactam antibiotics especially rifampin (60.87%).In conclusion, the increase of the antibiotic-resistant by coagulase-negative staphylococci, and in particularmec A gene containing CoNS, is a risk factor for residents of the holy city of Najaf.
Measurement of the Radioactivity Levels for Some Food Products Imported to Iraq and Estimation of the Risk to Consumers
Authors: Mohammed Muhannad Kh. , Naji Mohammed Sh. , Ameen Nabeel H. , Karkosh Huda N.
Published: June 2021

In this study, Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th), Radium (226Ra) and Potassium (40K) activity concentrationswere measured in 34 samples of biscuit, pastry, dessert, cakes and nestles manufactured in Turkey, Ukraine,Poland, Spain, France, Russia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Jordan, Algeria, India, Morocco, Kingdom of SaudiArabia, Emirates, in addition to locally produced biscuit sample manufactured in Iraq using gamma-rayspectrometry system. The average activity concentrations were 69.09±24.89 Bq/kg for 238U, 26.75±11.13Bq/kg for 232Th, 4.86±1.16 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 178.84±58.39 Bq/kg for 40K. The effective doses arisingfrom ingestion of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the investigated food samples ranged from0.068±0.02 mSv/y for adults (age > 17 y) to 0.191±0.05 mSv/y for children (age 1–2 y), with a mean valueof 0.12 mSv/y. It was found that the estimated potential radiation doses for investigated population groupswere below the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y. The corresponding average radiation risk for all populationgroups (6×10-6 per year) was found to be significantly lower than that considered acceptable in the relevantInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safety standards (10-5 per year). The results presented incurrent study confirm that the potential radiation doses and radiological hazards associated with intake ofthe natural radionuclides in the imported and locally produced food species is acceptable and well withinpermissible limits. Hence, the imported and locally produced food species investigated in this study wereconsidered safe for human consumption with respect to radiological hazards.
Evaluation of Glycogen Phosphorylase BB (GPBB) Level in Serum as Marker in Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: AlGawwam Gheyath , Iilah Zeena abdul , Shake Maryam Emad
Published: June 2021

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether Serum levels of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) isoformcould be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker in Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) patients or not.Materials and methods : glycogen phosphorylase BB were prospectively evaluated in 40 patients agedbetween 40 to 70 y who were admitted within 24 h of the onset of AIS. The control group included 40healthy volunteers of similar age without any disease.Results: There is a significant elevation in the level of GPBB in ischemic stroke group and compared withcontrol group. For Control, the observations of GPBB had an Min = 4.91 For Stroke, the observations ofGPBB had an Min = 15.32There was a significant positive correlation between stoke and Glycogen phosphorylase (rpb = 0.7473,p< .001). The correlation coefficient between Stroke and Glycogen phosphorylase was 0.7473 indicatinga large effect size. This indicates that moving from the Not having to having Stroke is associated withan increase in Glycogen phosphorylase. Therefore, Stroke tends to be associated with higher values ofGlycogen phosphorylaseConclusions: 1-This study shows there is significant elevation in enzyme level of glycogen phosphorylaseBB (GPBB) in ischemic stroke group and compared with control group.
Human rights in the digital age: Challenges, threats and prospects
Authors: Petryshyn Oleksandr V. , Hyliaka Oleh S.
Published: June 2021

The current stage of development of public relations is described by a rapid increase in digital technologies. Intensive development of science and active technological progress have become the main characteristic features of modern society. This has affected the specific features of people’s lives in society, the exercise of their rights and freedoms, and has become a catalyst for the development of a new category of human rights – “digital” rights. The purpose of the study is to analyse the main threats and challenges facing human rights and freedoms in the context of digitalisation, and to develop proposals on promising ways to protect against these threats. The study conducts a theoretical and legal research of problematic issues of the implementation of human rights in the context of mass digitalisation of public relations, indicates that the era of digital technologies provides completely new and qualitatively different opportunities for their implementation, but at the same time it creates new challenges and threats to ensure these rights and freedoms. It is noted that classical human rights and freedoms are being transformed, filled with new aspects and content, and branched out into those that are related to the digitalisation process. The results of digitalisation of many spheres of life require comprehension and adequate formulation of the legal mechanism for regulating, implementing, protecting the already existing and emerging human rights for the purpose of sustainable socioeconomic development, ensuring the implementation and protection of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms. The study focuses on new rights such as the right to be forgotten, the right to anonymity, the right to protect personal data, the right to digital education and access to digital knowledge; rights related to the protection of genetic information; rights to take part in property turnover in the digital sphere
The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes
Authors: Shepitko Valery Yu. , Shepitko Mykhaylo V.
Published: June 2021

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime
Forensic diagnostics: Concept, meaning, and scope of implementation
Authors: Zhuravel Volodymyr A.
Published: June 2021

The current stage of development of forensics is described by an active search for the latest cognitive methods and tools, which fully include forensic diagnostics. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to form a modern terminology of the forensic science, further development of the scientific concept of forensic diagnostics, and prospects for creating an appropriate forensic teaching. The purpose of the study is to analyse modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of forensic diagnostics, its features, structure, integrative functions, and differences from other paired forensic categories. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and special research methods as dialectical, historical, Aristotelian, system-structural, sociological, statistical, the method of legal forecasting and modelling, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the term «forensic diagnostics» should be considered in practical and theoretical terms. In practical terms, forensic diagnostics is a method of recognising the state of objects, cognition of phenomena and processes related to the circumstances of the crime event, determined by the latter. This is a kind of tool at the disposal of an expert, investigator, detective, judge to know the object (event, phenomenon) by its reflection. In the theoretical sense, forensic diagnostics is considered as a separate forensic teaching, which constitutes a system of theoretical provisions on the regularities of recognising objects (situations) by their features and properties, based on the analysis of changes that occurred in them under the influence of the circumstances of the crime event and its participants, in order to carry out evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the theoretical basis of forensic diagnostics comprises information on the patterns of occurrence of diagnosed objects, data on typical models of event reflection (action, behaviour). It is noted that forensic diagnostics as a separate forensic teaching (theory) is at the stage of its development, constantly increasing its scientific potential and expanding the scope of practical implementation. Further development of the theory and practice of diagnostic research involves systematisation and classification of diagnostic features and sets of features of objects, events, phenomena in accordance with the solution of diagnostic problems, classification of typical situations, development of methods and techniques of diagnostic research