bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spillover Effect of Surface Mining on Cocoa Farming in The Wassa Amenfi East and West Districts, Ghana.
Authors: Enu-Kwesi F. , Dankwah D. B. , Ntiri R. O. , Koomson F. , Asmah E. E.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Based on the resource curse paradox, we argued that farmers are crowded out due to their lower marginal propensity to bargain, making them vulnerable to livelihood shocks. Consequently, we examined the spillover effect of surface mining on cocoa farmers in the Wassa Amenfi East and West districts.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a mixed research design, a total sample of 758 farmers were proportionately sampled from 14 purposively selected communities from Wassa Amenfi East and West districts. In addition, community extension agents, chief farmers and opinion leaders were formed into a focus group for discussion. The quantitative data were presented using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Sign Ranked test and triangulated with emergent issues from the focus group discussions.
Research Implications/Limitations: The study largely focused on cocoa farmers who were affected by surface mining. As a result, the findings of this study were interpreted within that scope unless they are confirmed by studies that involve a cross-section of cocoa farmers.
Findings: We found that the livelihoods of cocoa farmers have deteriorated due to significant reductions in cocoa farm sizes and yields attributed to surface mining activities in the districts. Generally, cocoa farmers willingly gave out farmlands to miners to receive a bulk sum of money. The processes involved in the computation and payment of compensation were not in line with protocols enshrined in the Minerals and Mining Act 703 of Ghana and the tenets of the entitlement theory of justice.
Practical Implications: Sustainable land-use planning is a crucial element in mitigating the negative impacts and fostering resilient cocoa-farming communities in the affected districts. Based on this the study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses environmental and economic challenges.
Social Implications: The social implication of the study lies in the ability of cocoa farmer groups to advise their members against giving out their cocoa farms to surface miners and to make them aware that cocoa trees are heritage cash crops that are for use by current and future generations.
Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the debate on the weakness of mining laws in protecting vulnerable groups with a focus on surface mining that crowds out farmers from the land market and dislocates them from their livelihood activities.
PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA Y PROCESO ADMINISTRATIVO DE UNA EMPRESA DEDICADA A LA GENERACIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA DE LIMA
Authors: Lliulli Tuanama Diana Carolina , Pérez Canales Merelin Leshly
Published: December 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo Determinar la relación entre la planificación estratégica y el proceso administrativo de una empresa dedicada a la generación de energía eléctrica de Lima, 2023. La metodología de estudio fue de tipo aplicada, con un diseño no experimental, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y nivel correlacional. A la vez, La población y muestra estuvo conformada por 30 trabajadores. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario, que constó de 15 interrogantes para la variable planificación estratégica y 15 interrogantes para la variable proceso administrativo, de acuerdo con la escala de Likert. Para el procesamiento de datos, se usó el software estadístico SPSS Vers-27, elaborando tablas simples de doble entrada, frecuencia relativa y absoluta. Finalmente, se concluyó una existente correlación muy fuerte entre las variables planificación estratégica y proceso administrativo, alcanzando un r= de Pearson de 0,869, afirmando de un vínculo directo y proporcional. A la vez, se logró un sig. Bilateral de 0.00 menor al 0,05, razón por la que se rechazó la hipótesis nula y se aceptó la alterna.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kropyvnytskyi V. S.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the features of the system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in Ukraine in modern conditions. The efficiency and effectiveness of the system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in Ukraine is determined. The problematic aspects and contradictions of the existing system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in Ukraine are identified. The organizational, normative-legal, economic, social, ecological and other aspects of the system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in Ukraine, which need improvement, are singled out. Suggestions are given on ways to improve the mechanisms of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in the context of European and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine. The ways of solving problems and resolving the contradictions of the system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in the current conditions of global challenges and risks are clarified.

Construction and operation of a modern system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection in Ukraine, which carries out appropriate activities to protect the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring the required level of fire safety does not always ensure high efficiency and effectiveness of its activities. This requires appropriate improvement of the mechanisms of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection.

Ukraine has declared accession to the EU and NATO as one of the strategic issues of public policy that will contribute to the transformation of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection. This is evidenced by the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine.

Thus, in the current conditions of existing global challenges and risks, it is especially important to build an effective and efficient system of public management and administration of the process of educating the population of Ukraine in civil protection by improving existing mechanisms for its implementation (including by amending the Civil Protection Code), their adaptation to European legislation in the context of European and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine, active international cooperation in this area.
Adaptive management of structural changes of public sector organizations based on a project approach
Authors: Karamyshev Dmytro , Didok Yuliia , Zamchyi Serhii
Published: December 2023

The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of managing structural changes in public sector organizations based on a project approach, as well as the features and possibilities of transforming their organizational structure in accordance with public needs, taking into account modern ideas about dynamic and adaptive organizational structures of the public sector of society.

The transition to more efficient and flexible adaptive organizational structures of the public sphere, whose activities are aimed at meeting public needs related to modern challenges, requires coordinated, urgent and focused actions in conditions of uncertainty and risks. At the same time, the corresponding actions should be effective thanks primarily to the adaptive properties of the management system, as well as the introduction of tools for the implementation of their activities, which are aimed at specific results under the conditions of time and resource limitations based on the project approach.

It is noted that the transformation of the structure of public sector organizations can be a significant factor in the process of ensuring their functioning in terms of determining the number of levels of management in the relevant structure, the degree of its centralization and autonomy in decision-making, distribution of rights, duties and responsibilities, establishment of mutual subordination and coordination of project groups and functional divisions, as well as relationships between the components of the functional organizational structure and external structures.

Emphasizes the expediency of forming a new corporate model of the functioning of public sector organizations, the construction of which involves the development of processes of inter-subject cooperation implemented at a higher level (regional, state, interstate), which cannot be achieved in a separate organization in order to increase efficiency and mutual responsibility on the basis of strategic partnerships and opportunities to establish inter-organizational ties. It is important that such a symbiosis of public and corporate management involves the exit of organizations beyond their own structure with the emergence of new communicative and, later, resource opportunities for cooperation in order to meet wider social needs in the conditions of international integration.
Ukrainian regional policy and its influence on the structure of national economy
Authors: Shuvanov Andrii
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the program documents that regulate regional policy in Ukraine. Systemic deficiencies in the planning of state influence on structural changes in the national economy and their inertial nature were revealed. Structural changes have a pronounced negative orientation and are accelerating their pace, acquiring threatening features.

The significant impact of European principles on domestic regional policy is highlighted. First of all, we are talking about such principles as additionality, programming, partnership, concentration. However, it should be noted that domestic development strategies lack objective criteria that would regulate the implementation of structural policy. There are no clear rules according to which programs related to regional policy should be financed. Medium-term budget planning is practically impossible under such conditions. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of state policy as a whole.

Weak coordination between numerous programs, concepts and strategies that should regulate state influence on the structure of the national economy was revealed.
Principles of creation of securities and features of state regulation of circulation in developed countries
Authors: Pokataev Petro , Tseluiko Oleksii
Published: December 2023

It is noted that two priority directions for the development of the stock market should be determined first when creating a new security. First, it may be the appearance of a new instrument itself, such as the first zero-coupon bond. This is truly a unique type of creativity, which involves the emergence of a qualitatively new technology. Secondly, it can be the design of a tool adapted to solve a specific task by combining already existing technologies. The development of the process of creating securities in different countries is due to the influence of various factors, each of which (or its combination) created the prerequisites for the emergence of new types of securities and new financial schemes. It was determined that in the case of obligations with a fixed rate, the coupon rate of the debt instrument is fixed at the time of issue. The size of the coupon (coupon income) is determined by a number of factors. We call the instrument convertible if it can be exchanged at the discretion of the investor for any other asset of the issuer. As for the corporate issuer, such an asset is usually ordinary shares. The prepayment condition is unattractive to potential investors, so the coupon yield must be raised to sell the instrument. Convertibility, on the other hand, can attract potential investors, and this reduces the coupon size required to sell the instrument. Both recall and convertibility are options. Two main variants of the repayment fund are offered. In the first version of the fund, which is currently the most common, the issuer must periodically buy back a certain part of the volume of the issue in circulation. This redemption can be carried out either in accordance with the terms of early repayment, or by direct access to the open market - depending on the terms of the written issue agreement. In the second option, the issuer makes periodic contributions to a special account controlled by a neutral third party. Income from this account is used to repay the issue when due. Bonds redeemable through such funds are called sinkers in financial jargon. In general, today's settlement funds reduce the level of uncertainty for owners of debt instruments and therefore reduce the required coupon size. However, the degree to which uncertainty is reduced depends largely on the type of settlement fund used.
Development of rural medicine in ukraine in modern conditions
Authors: Kondratyeva Inna
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of the problems of the development of rural medicine in Ukraine in modern conditions. The declared research topic covers the time frame of the implementation of the medical reform from 2018 to the present, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. It was determined that during this period the development of medical institutions in rural areas was affected by major organizational and functional changes. It has been confirmed that a significant event in the development of a new model of management of the medical sphere of rural areas was the change in legislative provisions. It was determined that the Law of Ukraine "On improving the availability and quality of medical care for the population in rural areas" adopted in 2017 has the status of a legislative act of special effect. The law regulates the main principles of implementing public management activities regarding the development of rural medicine by defining the range of subjects of public relations in the specified spheres; outline of the main directions of industry development; implementation of an effective personnel policy; introduction of telemedicine services and local programs for the development of the medical industry in the countryside. It has been proven that the development of rural medicine in Ukraine should have signs of branch integration in regulatory and legal documents of a strategic content, which are adopted at the national and local levels.It has been confirmed that public administrative attention to the development of rural medicine in Ukraine in modern conditions, namely in war conditions, is focused on building a capable network of medical institutions as a state priority in providing quality and affordable services. The problematic field of activity in this direction for local self-government bodies has been outlined and proposals have been developed for improving the management of the development of rural medicine during the period of martial law and post-war reconstruction.
DEMOCRATIC GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC POLICY ACTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOCIETY
Authors: Lypovska Natalia , Sakharova Kateryna , Tovmashenko Roman
Published: December 2023

The article studies the issue of improving the democratic guidelines for public policy actors in the context of social transformations, taking into account the risks of wartime.

While investigating the theoretical approaches to the analysis of the "public policy" concept, it has been found that public policy is a conscious and purposeful regulation of state affairs and common resources by the state and society. A public policy, the essence of which is public activity, has been also considered. The latter is understood to mean the activity of political and non-political actors represented in the public sphere, who through interaction seek to see their own interest fulfilled. It has been substantiated that the problem of shaping the democratic guidelines for the public policy actors is solved due to the identification of the subjective status of persons who are active participants in the democratic development of society, as well as due to the identification of the form of implementation of democratic principles and views in the political and legal activities of a person, satisfaction of the need to exercise political rights and the need to fulfil political obligations.

The phenomenon of modern democracies and the reasons for its vulnerability have been considered. The ways to support a sustainable political and democratic process have been substantiated, in particular, legal confirmation and legislative provision of political rights of citizens.

Two institutional dimensions of the political and legal phenomenon of responsibility have been considered: the responsibility of the state and its bodies to a person (an individual and a citizen) when its rights and freedoms are violated and in compensation for the damage caused to it; the responsibility of an individual to the state, arising both in the case of an offense committed and when being implicit in each socially significant act of the person.

It has been proved that representative democracy and participatory politics involve not only drastic changes in the political consciousness of the masses, but also the development of a new type of political actors who perceive their own political rights combined with responsibilities, who need to be responsible citizens, who recognize the power of their voices in decision-making by the authorities.

Involvement in public affairs should become an imperative of a democratic culture of political behaviour of Ukrainians, built on the foundation of democratic guidelines.
Ukrainian as a foreign language: principles of the development of academic integrity and critical thinking among foreign students
Authors: Dvorianchykova S. , Bondarchuk J.
Published: December 2023

The scholarly and practical interest both within Ukraine and globally towards theoretical exploration, practical methodologies, and technologies fostering critical thinking and exemplifying academic integrity across the European and international landscape aligns with the imperative of advancing higher education within a framework of innovative student development. This article aims to investigate the impact of instructors teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language on the cultivation and enhancement of critical thinking skills and academic integrity among international students.

The research methodology is rooted in R. Paul and L. Elder’s theory, emphasizing a dual-component structure of critical thinking encompassing elements of thinking and intellectual standards. The approach integrates our own professional reflections, insights from colleagues, data collection, student questionnaires, and scientific observations of their academic.

This study clarifies the principles underlying the introduction of optimal tools from the arsenal of philological disciplines. These tools are designed to nurture critical thinking skills and instill adherence to academic integrity principles among foreign students at Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, particularly within the framework of the elective course “Interesting Ukrainian: Conversation Club”. Additionally, it analyzes quantitative indicators reflecting the acquisition of critical thinking skills and adherence to academic integrity among foreign students.

The findings affirm several key points: Firstly, instructors wield significant influence in raising foreign students’ awareness of the importance of upholding academic integrity ideals. Secondly, teachers possess the capacity to structure educational modules effectively, fostering the development of critical thinking skills within their disciplines. Thirdly, this approach stimulates foreign students to perceive themselves as integral contributors to the educational process, nurturing their sense of responsibility and professional awareness. Finally, the study highlights the most effective methods for cultivating academic integrity.
Education system and labor market: interdependence issues
Authors: Mandragelia Volodymyr Andriyovych
Published: December 2023

Formulation of the problem. The labor market has recently undergone significant changes under the influence of many factors. Among them are globalization, demographic, migration processes, international conflicts and wars, climate change, epidemics, etc. Digitalization and green transit are becoming especially relevant in all spheres of life. This affects the requirements for knowledge and skills of employers who are preparing to receive or change jobs. Therefore, the field of education faces an important task of introducing flexible and effective educational programs.

The purpose of the article. To summarize statistical and analythical information and forecasts regarding changes in education in European countries and Ukraine in the context of the transformation of labor market and under the influence of the deployment of industry 4.0.

The main results of the study. The article notes the growth of unemployment among young people on the European continent, which began in the early 1960s. Statistics on education and the unemployment rate in Ukraine, damages from the war that was unleashed by Russia in 2022 are given. The growing role of institutions is especially emphasized professional education and training in the general education system of the countries of the world, blurring the boundaries between secondary special and higher education. Two main trends are highlighted in education: the development of information and communication technologies and increasing the role of transversal skills. Statistics on the level of basic digital skills among citizens of EU member states and initiatives to increase the digital literacy of Europeans are given. The presence of different approaches to the ratio of general theoretical and professional disciplines in different national education systems is emphasized.

Conclusions. The impact on the sphere of education and the labor market of the process of automation, robotization, and the transition to a green economy remains to be determined. The perspective of introducing integrated approaches in education such as the German "learning fields" (Lernfelder) or the professional "code" in the Finnish system is indicated.
Concepts of the transformation of capitalism as a factor of development states and rights of the capitalist type: a critical and comparative analysis in the light of the ideas of the macro model of "stakeholder capitalism" by K. Schwab
Authors: Zhuk Natalya
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of early and modern concepts of the transformation of capitalism as a socio-legal formation that determines the typological parameters of the state, law and society as a whole, in terms of their main ideas and proposals for reforming the latter. Such a critical and comparative review is carried out in the context of the analysis of the purpose, basic ideas, principles, history of formation, factors of emergence and promotion of the concept of "stakeholder capitalism" by Klaus Schwab, proposed to humanity as a macro model of the future socio-economic formation.
Тhe agricultural land market in Ukraine: the first summary of legal regulation
Authors: Peychev Konstantin
Published: December 2023

ANNOTATION: Introduction. ABSTRACT: Introduction. The work is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of legal influence on social relations that arose after the opening of the agricultural land market in Ukraine (2021-2022), and the application of economic indicators to determine the effectiveness of land law norms.

Establishing in the Basic Law the possibility of authoritative restriction of the right to freely exercise the powers of the owner on a land plot and land circulation in general can be dangerous. Such interventions are associated with the risk that limiting the right to private ownership of land may lead to devaluation of its content, which, in its development, will restrain the economic activity of market participants.

At the same time, along with limiting the powers of the private owner of the land, the legislator imposes on the state bodies the duty of reasonable and fair intervention in the activities of the owners of land plots. The Constitution of Ukraine states that the right to own land is guaranteed (according to Article 14), all subjects of ownership and management are equal before the law, the state itself ensures equal protection of their rights (according to Article 13), and the institution of private property rights land is inviolable (according to Article 41).
Тhe role of civil society in preventing and combating corruption
Authors: Khabarova Tetyana
Published: December 2023

ANNOTATION. Introduction. Corruption is one of the main problems that hinders the development of a democratic, legal and social state. A high level of corruption in the country makes citizens lose faith in the fairness of the law, experience restrictions on the exercise of their rights and feel helpless in confronting such a legal phenomenon as corruption.

Statement of the problem. Over the past 9 years, a lot of decisive actions have been taken to prevent and combat corruption, anti-corruption legislation has been adopted, a number of anti-corruption measures have been improved and implemented, and specialized anti-corruption bodies have been established, but, unfortunately, Ukraine lacks the desire of the state to fully involve the public in anti-corruption activities.

Relevance. Today, there are a large number of anti-corruption NGOs in Ukraine, but the effectiveness of their activities and the ability to influence public authorities are limited.

Objective. To assess the role of civil society in preventing and combating corruption, to find out the reasons that hinder public participation in anti-corruption activities and the conditions under which such participation is possible.

Methods. To achieve the stated research objective, the article uses general scientific (deduction, induction, synthesis, analysis) and special scientific research methods (formal legal and comparative legal).

The main results of the study. In order to achieve positive results from public participation in preventing and combating corruption, the state should provide regulatory mechanisms for public participation in anti-corruption activities, as well as introduce measures that encourage citizens to participate and protect their rights as entities implementing corruption prevention measures.

Conclusions. Public participation in the formulation and implementation of anti-corruption policy and corruption prevention measures should be recognized as a priority.
The essence and characteristics of paramilitary and armed formations not provided for by law in terms of criminal liability for their creation (Article 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Hryhorenko Yevhen , Perederii Oleksandr , Chaliy Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the essence and characteristics of paramilitary and armed formations not provided for by law in terms of criminal liability for their creation, which is provided for in Article 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that the notes to the article and Article 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine do not reveal all the signs of paramilitary and armed formations not provided for by law. So, in particular, note 1 does not indicate signs of illegal paramilitary formations at all. All the above signs are characteristic of paramilitary formations provided for by law. As regards note 2, which refers to armed groups, among the signs that indicate their illegal nature there is only one, namely the illegal possession of usable firearms, explosives or other weapons.

The authors express a position according to which in order to provide a meaningful characterization of paramilitary and armed formations not provided for by law, it is necessary to start from the features of military and paramilitary formations provided for by law, which exist in the doctrine of military law. Based on this, the essential features of paramilitary and armed formations not provided for by law include the following: 1) not provided for, not regulated by law or directly prohibited by it; 2) are not included in the mechanism of the Ukrainian state; 3) have their own relatively stable internal military-type structure with the division of duties, as well as the presence of those structures (persons) that manage them; 4) cannot be staffed by military personnel; 5) combat and mobilization readiness, as well as combat capabilities, must be constantly carried out; 6) has a special (paramilitary) nature of military-service relations and methods of activity; 7) goals and objectives are formulated by the persons who create them and manage them; 8) they are not entrusted at the official level with tasks related to the defense of Ukraine, the protection of its sovereignty, state independence and national interests; 9) they may be suitable for the actual conduct of military (combat) operations; 10) paramilitary formations cannot carry weapons, and for armed formations such a sign is mandatory; 11) are organized and function on the basis of unity; 12 subordination; 13) a discipline that has a large number of common features with military discipline; 14) military or military or physical training is carried out.
Procedural aspects of appeals against decisions on seizure of property at the stage of pre-trial investigation
Authors: Tereshchuk Sergij
Published: December 2023

Introduction.The article is devoted to the coverage of one of the most complex and severe actions in criminal proceedings, namely, the theoretical and practical issues of imposing an arrest and the importance of the participants in this procedural action during its implementation, the current legislation regulating the imposition of an arrest is analyzed, certain corrections are proposed in the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine. The need for criminal procedural clarification of the subjects who have the right to participate during the consideration of criminal proceedings was emphasized, it was noted that the application of the proper legal procedure will contribute to the protection of human rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings

Summary of the main results of the study. Proposed several ways to solve the procedural aspects of the seizure, as well as procedural opportunities for the property owner to challenge the procedural actions of the prosecution in criminal proceedings, as well as the possibility of presenting evidence to the prosecution by the property owner, in case of imposition of burdens by the prosecution. Conclusions. The current legislation, which regulates the seizure of property in criminal proceedings, as well as judicial practice based on the data on the seizure of a person's property, is analyzed, and ways of improving the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the ability of the owner of the seized property to exercise his rights provided for by the Constitution of Ukraine are proposed. during the pre-trial investigation.
Adaptive hybrid optimization method for valley functions in weight minimization problems for wind turbine blades
Authors: Lapitan Konstantin , Listrova Daria , Rudenko Tetiana , Sheludko Geliy
Published: December 2023

The article proposes an adaptive method for finding the minimum of an arbitrary smooth multivariable function. The method has been used to solve the benchmark optimization problem of a valley function. The essence of the proposed algorithm lies in the sequential approach to the bottom of the valley and the subsequent movement in the direction of decreasing the objective function. The comparison of the results of calculating the minimum point of the function is performed by using both non-gradient and gradient methods, namely: Powell, Hook-Jeeves, the steepest descent method and the method developed. It has been found that the effectiveness of the proposed method is greater than the usual search algorithms, but it is not without its drawbacks. The method that represents a number of hybrid methods, which form a hybrid coalition is proposed. The proposed hybrid algorithm does not provide a satisfactory result in the "single" search. The search algorithm reaches a point where all the values of the function at the surrounding points are greater than the values at the obtained point, and the algorithm cannot overcome the barrier. To solve the problem, it is necessary to take the obtained point as a new starting point and repeat the algorithm for finding the minimum of the function, that is, use the multistart method. The proposed method has been used to solve the problem of optimizing the blade of a wind turbine, which was reduced to the problem of unconditional optimization by using the method of penalty functions, but the goal function had a significantly valley structure. The optimal values of section thicknesses have been obtained, which makes it possible to build a blade with improved characteristics.
The application of the orthogonal decomposition method for the algebraic solver separator
Authors: Melkozerova Olha , Rassomakhin Sergiy , Shlokin Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The method which is valid for improving the transmission of information and a clean separation of signal and noise is suggested in [1]. The basis of the proposed new way of developing the theory and methods of communication is the rejection of the probabilistic method for evaluating noisy signals according to the maximum likelihood rule. This method contains the mathematical procedure for absolutely accurate separation, as well as proving the absence of any fundamental theoretical limits [2,3] on the effectiveness of communications, including the absence of channel capacity limitations [4]. This approach includes the fundamentally new concept and the technical aspects of implementing telecommunication systems and uses systems of linear algebra equations (SLAE) to filter signals from noise. The SLAE matrix is the linear algebraic matrix (LSM) that separates and extracts the true values of informative signal parameters. Such a SLAE always has the solution, but obtaining this solution sometimes requires a particular method to be used, because its matrix is not always square, but can be rectangular as well. Therefore, the method of the orthogonal decomposition is proposed in this paper. For obtaining the matrices of orthogonal decomposition the Gram–Schmidt process, which is suitable for matrices of any size and composition, can be used. The method of solving a SLAE includes full description of solution and acceptable for matrices of any size. The example of solving the SLAE with a small matrix is presented in the paper. The MathCad Prime has been implemented for a bigger matrix. The implementation includes the functions that can be used in any other programming language. The solution has minimal norm and acceptable for linear algebraic matrices that separate signal and noise.
USE OF INCOHERENT SCATTERING FOR MATRIX EFFECTS CORRECTION IN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF Ti, Mn, Fe AND U CONCENTRATIONS IN URANIUM ORES
Authors: Kutnii D. V. , Medvediev A. V. , Vanzha S. A.
Published: December 2023

The work presents the results of method development for matrix effects correction in X-ray fluorescence measurements of Ti, Mn, Fe and U concentrations in the silicate-type uranium ore samples using wavelength dispersive XRF spectrometer S 8 Tiger (Bruker AXS GmbH, Germany). Comparison of the results obtained using standard software package Spectra Plus of the spectrometer and normalized to intensity of characteristic line of primary radiation, incoherently scattered by sample, was carried out. It is shown that for the investigated elements during X-ray fluorescent measurements of their concentrations, in addition to intensity normalization, it is necessary to use additional analytical correction. The use of this method to calculate the corrected concentrations of TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3 and U3O8 allows to decrease the relative error of measurements up to < 5 % within the range of concentrations 0.1…4 mas. % and up to ≤ 7.5 % within the range of concentrations 0.04…0.06 mas. %.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION ON THE EDGE-DISLOCATION NEIGHBORHOOD: FINITE-DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
Authors: Malykhin D. G.
Published: December 2023

Results of a precise calculation of X-ray diffraction on distorted edge-dislocation neighborhood in crystals are represented. Calculation of lattice sums of diffraction has been carried out with adherence to the classical scheme. So unlike to the previous approach, finite-differential distances of atomic pairs of diffraction were immediately taken into account here. The statistical form of their representation was used. Obtained results are compared with previous those based on identification of X-ray profiles with statistical strain distribution. It was found that accuracy of the previous result is sufficient for analyses of the dislocation structure with moderate inhomogeneity.
Thermal and Mass Stratification Effects on Unsteady Flow Past an Accelerated Infinite Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature and Exponential Mass Diffusion in Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Himangshu , Deka Rudra Kanta
Published: December 2023

This study looks at how thermal and mass stratification affect the unsteady flow past an infinitely fast-moving vertical plate when the temperature is changing and there is exponential mass diffusion in a porous medium. By applying the Laplace transformation method, we determine the solutions to the equations that govern the system for the case of unitary Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Graphical representations of the concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles, as well as the Nusselt Number, Sherwood number, and the Skin friction are provided to facilitate discussion of the cause of the different variables. To see the effects of thermal and mass stratification on the fluid flow, we compare the classical solution (Fluid with out stratification) with the primary solution (Fluid with the stratification) by using graph. The combined effects of the two stratification lead to a quicker approach to steady states. The outcomes can be helpful for heat exchange design and other engineering applications.
Design and Simulation of a Triple Absorber Layer Perovskite Solar Cell for High Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Yousfi Abderrahim , Saidani Okba , Messai Zitouni , Zouache Rafik , Meddah Mohamed , Belgoumri Younes
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation study on the influence of a triple absorber layer configuration in a perovskite-based solar cell using the SCAPS-1D software, under AM1.5 illumination. The simulated structure comprises a Cesium Tin-Germanium Triiodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) absorber layer sandwiched between Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and Cu2O layers. The main objective of this study is to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by optimizing the thicknesses of each layer. To validate our simulation results, we compare them with experimental data obtained from existing literature, and we observe a satisfactory agreement between the two. Our findings reveal that the maximum PCE of 28% can be achieved by utilizing specific thickness values for each layer. Specifically, the optimal thicknesses are determined to be 20 nm for the IGZO layer, 200 nm for the Cu2O layer, and 700 nm for the perovskite layer. These optimized thickness values lead to a significant improvement in the PCE of the solar cell, reaching 29%. This achievement highlights the effectiveness of our proposed triple absorber layer configuration and demonstrates its potential to enhance the overall performance of the perovskite-based solar cell. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the optimization of the absorber layer configuration in perovskite solar cells, leading to improved power conversion efficiency.
Study of the Mobility and Electrical Conductivity of Chromium Silicide
Authors: Isaev Makhmudhodzha Sh. , Atamirzaev Tokhirjon U. , Mamatkulov Mukhammadsodik N. , Asatov Uralboy T. , Tulametov Makhmudjon A.
Published: December 2023

The temperature dependence of the mobility in chromium silicides in the temperature range of 80 ÷ 780 K was studied. The mobility gradually increases to a temperature of 350 K, then it saturates in the temperature range of 350 ÷ 450K, then gradually decreases. It is shown that the mobility depends on the scatter of charge of carriers on a crystal lattice, impurity ions, dislocations, and silicide inclusions. The frequency of collisions is proportional to T3/2, and the mobility varies with temperature as T-3/2. At high temperatures, phonons may be considered as “frozen” defects and collision frequency with its will proportional to T. The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity in this temperature range were also studied. Areas with negative and positive temperature coefficients are revealed.
Simulation of Interaction Processes of C20 Fullerene with Graphene
Authors: Yadgarov Ishmumin D. , Umarov Farid F. , Kosimov Asroriddin S. , Jabborov Khayitmurod I. , Aminov Shodibek Y.
Published: December 2023

Graphene, a carbon sheet one atom thick, with carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb configuration, has a number of intriguing properties. Fullerenes are a promising material for creating electro-active elements in solar cells and active layers in thin-film organic transistors. A computer model of the C20 fullerene molecule was constructed using the energy minimization method with the second-generation Brenner potential (REBO). A computer model of "infinite" defect-free graphene was built, designed to consider the process of adsorption of a C20 fullerene molecule on its surface. To study adsorption process computer models of fullerene and "infinite" graphene were approached to the required distance with a different set of geometric arrangement of fullerene with respect to the graphene surface. It has been established that the adsorption of fullerene C20 on the surface of graphene can be carried out in three different ways, differing in the number of interacting fullerene and graphene atoms. The binding energies and adsorption lengths for C20 fullerene molecules adsorbed on the graphene surface in different ways are calculated. The way of adsorption corresponding to the highest binding energy and the shortest adsorption length was revealed.
Ab-Initio Investigation into the Physical Characteristics of CuInSe2 and CuInTe2 Compounds
Authors: Megdoud Yousra , Benkrima Yamina , Meneceur Redhe , Tairi Latifa , Lakel Abdelghani , Ghemid Sebti , Meradji Hocine
Published: December 2023

In this study, an analysis of chalcopyrite compounds CuInTe2 and CuInTe2 is presented, with a focus on their electronic, structural, optical, and thermal properties. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method is employed for the investigation of these properties, based on a first-principles approach rooted in density functional theory (DFT). Two distinct approximations for the exchange and correlation potential, namely the WC-GGA and mBJ-GGA approximations, are considered in our calculations to ensure a robust and accurate examination of the materials under scrutiny. The findings obtained closely align with previously established theoretical and experimental data, thereby validating the reliability of our computational methodology. It is noteworthy that a novel dimension is introduced by this study, as the influence of both pressure and temperature on the thermal parameters of CuInTe2 and CuInTe2 compounds is explored. This facet of the research is distinguished by its innovative nature, as there is no prior record, to the best of our knowledge, of a similar analysis in the existing literature. The thermal properties are deemed of paramount significance, particularly in the context of crystal growth process optimization and the prediction of performance under extreme thermodynamic conditions.
ANALYTICAL SUPPPORT FOR BANK LOAN TRANSACTIONS
Authors: Piskunov Roman , Moskalenko Olena , Krill Victoria
Published: December 2023

The article emphasizes the importance of analytics in the effective organization of bank loan operations. The purpose of the article is to determine the range of problems currently faced by analysts of loan departments of Ukrainian banks, highlighting urgent issues related to the economic crisis caused by the war, and to outline ways to solve them using the latest and modern methods.

The article proves that the organization of effective analytical support of loan transactions is extremely important both for the bank and its borrowers, and for the state as a whole. However, there are a number of problems that prevent its effective development. Among the main ones, there are such issues as processing a large number of arrays of data on customers and their financial transactions as well as the low quality of such data; structuring of data from separate isolated databases, which complicates the process of their analysis and processing; need for complying with regulatory requirements and standards; deterioration in the quality of analytics due to the increased speed of response to requests for loan, etc.

The article reveals the problems of analytical support for bank loan operations, which become relevant during the law and the economic crisis. These are an increase in the risk of loan defaults, excessive regulatory intervention, changes in market conditions and technologies, a decrease in the liquidity of the banking system, insufficient information about the client, excessive reliance on “historical” data and the rise of fraud.

The study proposes means of solving the outlined problems, the general directions of which are risk-orientation, interaction with clients, internal communications and technology development. Attention is focused on the need for banks to improve their analytical tools using the latest technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, tools for real-time analytics, Big Data technologies, analytical robots and dashboards. The use of the specified methods will allow banks to organize proper analytical support for loan operations and will enable effective management decisions to be made quickly.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS
Authors: Morozova Nadiia , Denchyk Iryna , Tarasenko Oleksandr , Parkhomenko Tetiana
Published: December 2023

In the conditions of the digital economy, managers face new tasks, and their roles and principles of business management are changing. In particular, they face the question: what technologies and principles of the digital economy must be implemented? The article outlines the main problems of the management organization of the company that arise in the conditions of business digitalization. The paper analyzes international standards and research that are directly related to the organization of the management process in companies.In the course of the study, the main shortcomings associated with the implementation of digital technologies were identified, which include, in addition to possible risks of data security violations, and social issues associated with a possible reduction in the number of personnel. The article notes that all these problems can contribute to the loss of the company's reputation and trust in it.In today's conditions, the digitization of the organization's management processes requires the restructuring of its entire management system and the development of standards necessary for effective management, therefore, the use of existing own experience and knowledge necessary for the profitable operation of the company in the conditions of digitalization of the economy is relevant.