bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEGMENTATION, FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN TUMOR THROUGH MRI IMAGE
Authors:   Sona College of Technology, India, S Vijayalakshmi , K R Kavitha ,   Sona College of Technology, India, S Hariharan ,   Sona College of Technology, India
Published: October 2024

In biomedical, tumor detection and removal is one of the major medical issue. Brain tumor is a disease of the brain where cancer cells arise in the brain tissue to form a mass of cancer tissue that interferes with brain functions such as manage muscle, sense, memory and other body functions. Tumors composed of cancerous cells are called Malignant tumors and those composed of non-cancerous cells are called Benign tumors. There are so many ways to diagnose tumor in brain include Neurologic exam, MRI, CT scan, Angiogram, Spinal tap and Biopsy. Medical imaging has tremendous advantage in diagnosis of the disease where Magnetic Resonance Imaging plays an important role. This paper aims to enhance the accuracy level in the detection of brain tumor and provides better performance than existing method based on high accuracy rate and low computing time. The process of tumor detection comprises three steps (i) Segmentation (ii) Feature extraction (iii) Classification. Various algorithms are developed for image processing in which we take Histogram thresholding for image segmentation and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classify the image as Benign or Malignant.
FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   Tribhuvan University, Nepal, Tripathi Milan
Published: October 2024

Facial expressions play a significant role in social communication since they convey a lot of information about people, such as moods, emotions, and other things. Many researchers gained an optimal accuracy in most of the popular facial recognition datasets: CK+, JAFFE, IEV, but in FER2013 the best model accuracy is about 74%. This article purpose deep learning-based models to mitigate this issue. Three models based on AlexNet, VGG19, and ResNet50 are used to train with the dataset, and the very best model among them is further analyzed. The best model is trained using various optimizers and evaluated based on its training and testing accuracy, confusion matrix, ROC Curve. The finest model gained an accuracy of 91.89504% which is better than past state of art models by at least 17% accuracy.
AN OPTIMIZED CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK BASED INTER-FRAME FORGERY DETECTION MODEL - A MULTI-FEATURE EXTRACTION FRAMEWORK
Authors:   Rashtriya Raksha University, India, Patel Jatin , Sheth Ravi ,   Rashtriya Raksha University, India
Published: October 2024

Surveillance systems are becoming pervasive throughout our daily lives, and surveillance recordings are being used as the essential evidence in criminal investigations. The authenticity of surveillance videos is tough to confirm. One of the most popular methods of video tampering is inter-frame forgery. Using an optimised deep learning methodology, a novel inter-frame forgery detection and localization model is introduced in this research work. Pre-processing, feature extraction, and forgery detection will be the three main phases of the presented design forgery detection model. In the detection model, the original video frames will be pre-processed to improve the image quality. The pre-processing phase includes the frame extraction from video, grey conversion and removal of movement frames as well. Following that, features such as SURF, PCA-HOG features, MBFDF, correlation of adjacent frames, PRG, and OFG based features is extracted. These extracted features will be subjected for forgery detection using Optimised CNN with fine-tuned weights by the hybrid approach. The suggested hybrid paradigm Mayfly Optimization espoused Black Widow Optimization (MO-BWO) is a mathematical fusion of both the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) and Mayfly Optimization Algorithms (MA). In case if the video is detected to be prone to tampers, then the corresponding location gets trapped in the localization phase. Moreover, the detection phase will portray the information regarding the type of tamper like duplication, insertion and deletion of frames. Here, the exact tamper localization is accomplished based on the PRG and OFG. Finally, the supremacy of the MO-BWO+CNN is validated over other conventional models.
DETECTION OF LIVER CANCER FROM CT IMAGES USING CAPSNET
Authors:   Government College of Engineering, India, K P Swaraj , G Kiruthiga ,   IES College of Engineering, India, K P Madhu ,   Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, India
Published: October 2024

Primary adult liver cancer is currently classified into two main diagnostic categories: cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common kind of liver cancer in adults. These are extremely heterogeneous tumours with a wide range of morphological and clinical characteristics, which reflects the wide range of oncological drugs available and the intricate pathways that lead to carcinogenesis. Because of the large quantity of data acquired from phenotypic and molecular research, the classification of liver cancer is shifting away from the old method, which is based on morphological aspects, and toward a more functional approach based on functional characteristics. In this paper, we develop a Capsule Network (CapsNet) classifier to classify the liver regions from computerized tomography (CT) images. The CapsNet helps in classification of instances using pre-processing and feature extraction stages. The training of the classifier is conducted using various liver images from the input datasets and the classifier is validated using the test images. The simulation is conducted to test the effectiveness of CapsNet and the results of simulation shows that the proposed method achieves higher degree of classification than other methods.
AN IMPROVED CLASSIFICATION OF MR IMAGES FOR CERVICAL CANCER USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, India, S Gowri , Justin Judith ,   Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, India, R Vanithamani ,   Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, India
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer is the biggest cause of death in the field of women gynaecology. Patient treatment outcomes are influenced by the stage and nodal status of their cancers as well as their tumour size and histological classes. In this paper, we develop a classification model using a state-of-art heuristic mechanism that enables the use of deep learning algorithm to classify the MRI image from the input cervical images. The classification is conducted with highly dense network that helps to reduce the errors during the testing process. The simulation is conducted in matlab to test the efficacy of the model and the results of simulation shows that the proposed method achieves higher grade of classification accuracy than the other existing methods.
IRIS DETECTION FOR BIOMETRIC PATTERN IDENTIFICATION USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors:   HKBK College of Engineering, India, M Ramkumar , Preeya V Amirtha ,   Presidency University, India, R Manikandan ,   The Quaide Milleth College for Men, India, T Karthikeyan ,   University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Oman
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we develop a liveness detection of iris present in the study to reduce various spoofing attacks using gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Deep Learning (DL). The input images of iris are been given to this technique for the extraction of texture and colour features with fine details. The details are fused finally and given to a DL classifier for the classification of liveness detection. The simulation is conducted to test the efficacy of the model and the results of simulation shows that the proposed method achieves higher level of accuracy than existing methods.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN VIDEO SURVEILLANCE USING YOLO V5 WITH LIGHT PERCEPTION FUSION
Authors:   Providence College for Women, India, H Sivalingan
Published: October 2024

This research presents an innovative approach to pedestrian detection in video surveillance, leveraging the power of YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) combined with light perception fusion-based feature extraction. The proposed methodology aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of pedestrian detection systems in varying lighting conditions. YOLOv5, known for its real-time object detection capabilities, is integrated with a novel feature extraction technique that fuses information from multiple light perception sensors. This fusion strategy allows the model to adapt and perform robustly in diverse lighting scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, achieving a remarkable performance. The fusion of YOLOv5 with light perception-based feature extraction showcases promising advancements in pedestrian detection, addressing challenges posed by dynamic lighting conditions in real-world surveillance environments.
Peran dan Hambatan Orang Tua dalam Pengasuhan Anak Penderita Kanker: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Chasanah Naila , Pranoto Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo , Formen Ali
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai gambaran secara umum terfokus pada orang tua anak    usia dini terkait pentingnya peran orang tua dalam pengasuhan atau merawat anak penderita kanker.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep, populasi sasaran, dan hasil analisis yang menjadi perhatian untuk memperjelas fokus karakteristik studi dalam penelitian terdahulu yaitu pengalaman orang tua dalam memberikan pengasuhan terhadap anak penderita kanker.Metode: Pendekatan scoping review dengan bantuan fromework PICO, tahap seleksi selanjutnya menggunakan pendekatan PRISMA dengan menganalisis artikel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi berdasarkan tahun publikasi 2015 - 2024 dengan memperoleh hasil empat belas artikel yang dianalisis secara tematik. Pengumpulan data secara sekunder dengan sumber referensi secara online dari website Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect sebagai pencarian komprehensif.Hasil: Sumber data pencarian diperoleh berskala mendunia berasal dari berbagai negara berkembang seperti Indonesia (n = 7), Ethiopia (n = 2), Yordania (n = 1), India (n = 1), dan negara maju seperti Jerman (n = 1), Denmark (n = 1), Australia (n = 1). Hasil dari penelitian dikaji secara mendalam sesuai dengan tema dan sub tema yaitu hambatan, faktor dukungan, dampak perubahan, dan kriteria atau sikap.Kesimpulan: Intervensi atau tindakan dalam mengurangi kecemasan berlebihan dapat ditingkatkan dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang tua lain dan mengikuti pelatihan kesehatan mental.
Teachers’ Perceptions on Integrating YouTube Videos in Teaching Narrative Writing
Authors: Antony Jane Irene PJ , Khalid Puteri Zarina Binti Megat
Published: October 2024

Writing is a significant component in a language. Students anticipate lots of challenges in writing. Incorporating YouTube in ESL Classroom for teaching narrative writing is certainly an effective way in this millennial epoch. The aim of this research is to identify ways to blend YouTube in the classroom and the perception of teachers using it productively in classroom learning. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data is collected by distributing questionnaires to 28 teachers with 20 items listed using Likert scale to evaluate. The results of this research revealed that the teachers are highly keen to use YouTube videos to teach narrative writing. Hence, it can be contemplated that the teachers preferred to use YouTube videos to teach narrative writing.
Development Study of Safety leadership Measuring Tools for SMEs: Focused on the SMEs in Busan
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Chun Sangeun , Park Heetae
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale that can measure SME safety leadership and to verify the measuring tools. First, the concepts and areas of SME safety leadership were newly defined by examining domestic and international literature on leadership and safety leadership in order to derive the conceptual framework for safety leadership. Sub-factors for safety leadership measurement were derived based on previous studies, and the measurement items were drafted based on this. Preliminary items were verified through review by leadership experts and SME safety-related practitioners to secure content validity for the draft question, and then validity and reliability were verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis for tool verification. Finally, a total of 27 questions were finally confirmed as the SME safety leadership measurement tool, consisting of 12 task-oriented behaviors, 7 relationship-oriented behaviors, and 8 change-oriented behaviors. In the conclusion, a summary of the study, implications, and limitations were presented.
Development of Battlefield Leadership Competency-based Curriculum for Army Senior Officers: Focusing the Job-Oriented Training for Majors
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Park Eunseok , Kim Kyeongeon
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to extract the battlefield leadership competencies of army senior officers and to develop competency-based curriculum for the purpose. The research problem was formulated as follows: to analyze the educational demands for army officers (majors, lieutenant colonels, colonels) in terms of their ranks, and to develop job-oriented training specifically for majors. To achieve this, the Korean Army Competency-Based Curriculum Development Model(KA- CBCDM) and principles were applied, taking into account the characteristics of the Korean Army.
The competency-based curriculum development proceeded through five stages. In the first stage, we conducted an analysis of the educational demands for army officers(majors, lieutenant colonels, colonels) based on the battlefield leadership competency model of Army officer instructors. In the second stage, we determined the priority of competency development by conducting a needs assessment using Borich's demand assessment and confirming overlaps with The Locus for Focus Model. In the third stage, we designed a battlefield leadership competency-based curriculum and developed a curriculum outline to be applicable for the mandatory professional military education of army majors. In the fourth stage, prototypes were developed for the instructor's teaching and learning plan for battlefield leadership education, as well as a learner's activity guidebook. Finally, expert surveys were conducted to validate the development process and the validity of the products of the education curriculum, refining the content based on their feedback.
Through this study, it was confirmed that the process of developing competency-based curriculum can be applied to military education in the Army. This study has provided an opportunity to initiate the transition of military education in the Army from a curriculum-centered approach to a competency- based approach.
A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Electroacupuncture with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Improving Motor Function in Stroke Patients
Authors: Nam Irang , Baik Jisoo , Shin Yong-Il , Lee In
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) with transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) on motor function improvement in stroke patients.Methods: This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with stroke more than 2 weeks but within 12 months of onset. A total of 22 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received EA and tDCS treatment, while the control group received sham EA and sham tDCS treatment. Assessments were conducted using the Korean version of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (K-FMA) scores, grip and pinch strength tests, Box and Block test (BBT), Nine-hole peg test (9HPT), Berg balance scale (BBS), and the Korean version the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) scores. Adverse events were recorded at each intervention.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in general characteristics between the two groups. The K-FMA, BBS, and K-MBI scores of both groups increased significantly after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Although hand strength and dexterity improved after intervention in both groups, the changes were not statistically significant. In the experimental group, the lateral pinch score increased significantly after the intervention, but this increase was not significant compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. All nine reported adverse reactions were minor, with no moderate or severe adverse reactions reported.Conclusion: This study confirmed the potential effectiveness and safety of EA with tDCS in improving motor function in stroke patients.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Rekreasyon Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Görüşlerinin ve Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine Katılım Sıklıklarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Şahin Alim , Kırtepe Abdurrahman
Published: October 2024

Özet: Araştırmanın amacı, Diyarbakır ilinde görevli sınıf öğretmenlerinin bazı demografik bilgileri ile Rekreasyon Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Görüşlerinin ve Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine Katılım Sıklıklarının değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Diyarbakır ili 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında aktif görev yapan 349’u kadın, 156’sı erkek olmak üzere toplam 505 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada verileri elde etmek amacı ile kişisel bilgi formu, Rekreasyon Fayda Ölçeği, Rekreasyon Etkinliklerine Katılım Sıklığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların rekreasyon faaliyetlerine ilişkin görüşlerinin, rekreasyon aktivitelerine katılım sıklığının demografik değişkenler açışından karşılaştırılması için ve araştırma verilerinin gruplara göre değişimi bağımsız örneklem t testi ve ANOVA analizi ile yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; kadın öğretmenlerin rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılımının erkek öğretmenlerden daha fazla olduğu, evli öğretmenlerin rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılımının bekar öğretmenlere göre daha fazla olduğu, idari görev almanın rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılımı etkilemediği, düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapan öğretmenlerin rekreasyonel fayda algı düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu, 22-24 yaş arası öğretmenlerin rekreasyon etkinliklere katılımının 31 yaş ve üzerinden daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Rekreasyonel aktivitelere katılım sıklığı’nın ilginç bir şekilde 3000-9000 TL arası düşük gelire sahip öğretmenlerde, 9000-11000 TL gelire sahip olanlara nazaran daha yüksek olduğu, rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılım düzeyleri yüksek olan öğretmenlerin rekreasyon fayda düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA PASTA CTZ COMO TERAPIA ENDODÔNTICA NÃO INSTRUMENTAL EM DENTES DECÍDUOS: revisão narrativa de literatura
Authors: Marins Eduarda Caroline de Sousa , França Mayra Maria Coury
Published: October 2024

The preservation of deciduous teeth through pulp therapy is essential to ensure proper child development and prevent the premature loss of these vital structures. Primary teeth have a crucial role in speech development, chewing and maintaining the appropriate space for the emergence of permanent teeth. When these teeth are affected by cavities or infections, appropriate treatments are necessary to avoid upcoming difficulties. The CTZ paste, created in 1959 by professionals Soller and Cappiello, has emerged as an effective and affordable alternative for the endodontic treatment of primary teeth. Composed of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol, the paste includes a fusion of antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, that promote the treatment of infections and pulp lesions. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline are powerful antibiotics that combat bacteria, while zinc oxide and eugenol protect and relieves pain in the treated area. This study analyzes the importance of CTZ paste in pulp therapies for deciduous teeth, highlighting its ease of application and effectiveness in quick and minimally invasive procedures, especially in pediatric dentistry. The literature review, conducted out on platforms such as Google Scholar, SciELO BVS and PubMed, suggests that CTZ paste is an efficient, affordable and accessible in the clinical context. Despite achieving positive initial results, it is crucial to conduct more research on CTZ paste to ensure that it is genuinely effective and safe in the long term. This implies that although the treatments carried out with the paste so far demonstrated good results, there is insufficient data to guarantee that its application in dental treatments for primary teeth is entirely safe and effective in all situations, especially when used for extended periods.
LEY N°21.030: PERCEPCIÓN PROFESIONAL SOBRE SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN EN UN HOSPITAL DE LA REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANÍA, CHILE.
Authors: Rojas-Cáceres Camila , Forbes-Cifuentes Daniela , Herrera-Campos Mariana
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: describir la percepción sobre la implementación de la Ley N°21.030 en el equipo multidisciplinario del área de maternidad de un hospital de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile.
Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo con diseño cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron diez entrevistas semiestructuradas pertenecientes al área de maternidad de un hospital de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Los datos fueron procesados a través de un análisis narrativo.
Resultados: los resultados se agruparon en tres dimensiones: percepción individual con respecto al aborto, proceso de implementación inicial de la Ley N°21.030 en el hospital y aspectos generales actuales establecidos por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL) en ese recinto asistencial. Los profesionales de la salud comparten la idea de que esta ley era necesaria para resguardar uno de los ámbitos de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos (DSyR). Sin embargo, también coinciden al expresar que en Chile predomina una cultura conservadora que impide una legislación total del aborto. Durante la implementación predominó la desinformación, desinterés y aprehensiones personales, aspectos que generan barreras de acceso. En cuanto a la objeción de conciencia (OC), concuerdan que es necesario definir límites con mayor claridad.
Conclusión: el equipo de salud del área de maternidad del hospital seleccionado comparte la percepción de que en un comienzo fue difícil implementar la Ley N°21.030 en ese establecimiento. No obstante, admiten que ha existido un avance asociado a la incorporación de profesionales más sensibilizados en el área.
La romana idea de “In-Iuria” y su relación con la actual idea de “anti-juricidad” del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación = The roman idea of ​​“In-Iuria” and its relationship with the current idea of ​​“anti-legality” of the Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation
Authors: Leandro Medina Gastón
Published: October 2024

¿Existe conexidad entre la romana “iniuria” y la actual “antijuricidad” prevista en el artículo 1717 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación? El presente estudio pretende, en efecto, dar respuesta al mencionado interrogante. De la respuesta dependerá, en cierto modo, la vigencia de la tradición romanista en el nuevo Cuerpo de derecho civil.
ABSTRACT: Is there an unavoidable connection the Roman “iniuria” and the current “illegality” provided for in article 1717 of the Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation? The present study aims, in effect, to answer the aforementioned question. The validity of the civil law tradition in the new Body of civil law will depend, to a certain extent, on the answer.
Problems of Excise Tax on the Example of Import of Plastic Lubricants
Authors: Gorący Jarosław , Markowicz Iwona
Published: October 2024

The paper attempts to present the issue of excise taxation of goods - plastic greases. The specificity of the product such as plastic greases and the gap in existing tax regulations will be explained. Excise tax and the method of calculating it will be discussed. The dynamics of the volume of imports of goods to Poland will be presented and problems related to separating the volume of imports of plastic greases will be indicated. The paper will propose an attempt to identify the lubricants in question by CN codes (EU "Combined Nomenclature" - tariff and statistical nomenclature for goods). The volume of import of plastic greases will be assessed against the background of imports of other lubricants and fuel products.
PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Panchenko Maryna , Parlińska Maria
Published: October 2024

The purpose is to investigate the role of portfolio risk management in investment activities in banks as well as to examine the proper method of recognizing risk. It aims to assist the managers to integrate the risks calculating methods in more effective way into overall banking system, which could be included into general scheme of systemized analysis of banking activities. One of the main problems concerning the evaluation and optimization of risk exposure is the choice of “good” risk measures. The study shows the example of combination Capital Asset Pricing Model with the elements of fundamental analysis. A set of the main rules of making investment portfolio was also added to this combination. The shown elements of different methods help business entities to avoid systematic risks and to receive adequate returns. The example of Deutsche Bank creates an assumption of having reliable methods of protection in its activity from the risks. That is why, authors concluded that chosen bank has mostly relations with “good risks” and on that score they can be predictable or determined. Such hypothesis was accepted with the provided methods. Nevertheless, due to some theories, other risk measures have been proposed.
Konsolidacja szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów a ekonomika skali i wydatki budżetowe w miastach na prawach powiatu
Authors: Będzieszak Marcin
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, czy w miastach na prawach powiatu realizowana jest zasada racjonalnego gospodarowania oraz czy występuje zjawisko ekonomii skali w zakresie utrzymania szkół podstawowych oraz gimnazjów. W pierwszej części artykułu dokonano przeglądu literatury. Następnie przedstawiono metodologię oraz wyniki badania. Artykuł zakończono wnioskami. Ekonomika skali w przypadku placówek oświatowych jest uzasadnieniem konsolidacji tych podmiotów ze względów finansowych. Biorąc pod uwagę zmniejszającą się liczbę uczniów w szkołach podstawowych i gimnazjach konsolidacja tych jednostek jest uzasadniona w przypadku miasta na prawach powiatu, ze względu na zwykle dużą liczbę jednostek realizujących zadania oświatowe. W artykule wykazano, że w badaniach ekonomia skali w jednostkach oświatowych znajduje uzasadnienie. W niektórych przypadkach pozwala nawet na określenie optymalnej z punktu widzenia finansowego liczby uczniów. W literaturze przedmiotu właśnie ucznia (studenta) przyjmuje się za podstawowy nośnik kosztów. Przeprowadzone badania na większości miasta na prawach powiatu w Polsce w okresie 2003- 2010, gdy następowała konsolidacja, wskazują, że występuje dysekonomia skali. Zarówno w przypadku wydatków na utrzymanie szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów, jak i oddziałów, widoczne jest zjawisko wzrostu przeciętnych wydatków, pomimo zmniejszającej się liczby placówek oświatowych i oddziałów szkolnych. Konsolidacja nie powodowała zatem pożądanych zmian w finansowaniu placówek oświatowych.
Przemiany na rynku mięsa w Polsce
Authors: Bak-Filipek Ewa
Published: October 2024

W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono uwarunkowania rynku mięsa w Polsce oraz ukazano na tle rynku mięsa funkcjonowanie rynku wołowiny. Rynek wołowiny w ostatnich latach staje się powoli rynkiem zmarginalizowanym na rynku wewnętrznym m.in. ze względu na malejące znaczenie spożycia wołowiny w całym bilansie mięsa w Polsce. Coraz większe znaczenie odgrywa rynek drobiu, zarówno po stronie podaży, jak i popytu. W opracowaniu zwrócono także uwagę na fakt, że rynki rolne, w tym zwłaszcza rynek mięsa, są podatne na wahania koniunkturalne na rynku krajowym i rynkach międzynarodowych. Dlatego istotną rolę odgrywa polityka państwa wobec poszczególnych rynków. Na rynku mięsa zarówno czerwonego, jak i drobiowego, państwo polskie poprzez Agencję Rynku Rolnego podejmuje działania interwencyjne, które maja za zadanie wspieranie tego rynku i stabilizacje sytuacji na tym rynku. Materiałem źródłowym do badań były dane GUS opublikowane w różnorodnych opracowaniach statystycznych, w tym w rocznikach branżowych rolnictwa oraz Instytutu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego opublikowane w formie raportów rynkowych (rynek mięsa i rynek drobiu). Zastosowano wskaźniki dynamiki oraz średnie statystyczne, a także elementy analizy opisowej danych.
System opodatkowania rolnictwa w Polsce oraz w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Idźkowska Katarzyna , Kisiel Roman
Published: October 2024

Harmonizacja systemów podatkowych w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej jest jednym z najważniejszych zadań, które stoją przed władzami Wspólnoty na drodze do zacieśnienia współpracy międzynarodowej i przejścia na kolejny etap integracji, którym jest unia gospodarcza. W związku z powyższym, celem badań własnych była analiza systemów podatkowych istniejących w polskim i europejskim rolnictwie. Bardzo ważne było także poznanie opinii polskich i zagranicznych rolników dotyczących systemu opodatkowania, jego wad i zalet, a także poglądów na temat harmonizacji podatków i proponowanych rozwiązań mających ułatwić władzom ujednolicenie prawa podatkowego we wszystkich krajach. Unii. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzono w II połowie 2013 r. w grupie 230 właścicieli gospodarstw rolnych (140 polskich, 90 zagranicznych). Polska i Niemcy to kraje, w których – wg opinii rolników – system opodatkowania jest nieuporządkowany, niesprawiedliwy i nieefektywny. Średnia ocena systemu oraz poszczególnych jego komponentów w skali 1–5 (1 – bardzo słabo, 5 – bardzo dobrze) kształtuje się na poziomie dostatecznym (3). Taka sytuacja spowodowana jest głównie brakiem stabilności przepisów, a także licznymi reformami, które – choć zapowiadane – dotychczas nie weszły w życie. Nieco lepiej rozwiązania w zakresie opodatkowania oceniają Francuzi, Grecy oraz Szwedzi (4). Należy również zaznaczyć, że aż 60% badanych w Polsce popiera likwidację podatku rolnego i wprowadzenie dochodowego.
Hipoteza bezzatrudnieniowego wzrostu gospodarczego w krajach o różnym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego
Authors: Misztal Piotr
Published: October 2024

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza hipotezy bezzatrudnieniowego wzrostu gospodarczego w teorii ekonomii i w krajach o różnym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego. Analizie empirycznej poddano kraje należące do tzw. gospodarczej Triady (USA, Unia Europejska, Japonia, Chiny, Indie). W artykule wykorzystano metodę badawczą opartą na studiach literaturowych z zakresu makroekonomii i finansów oraz metody ekonometryczne (klasyczna metoda najmniejszych kwadratów – Ordinary Least Squares). Wszystkie dane statystyczne wykorzystane w badaniu miały częstotliwość roczną i obejmowały okres od 1990 roku do 2012 roku. Dane te pochodziły z bazy statystycznej międzynarodowego stowarzyszenia firm – The Conference Board Total Economy Database. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ujawniono występowanie zjawiska bezzatrudnieniowego wzrostu gospodarczego w Chinach i Indiach. Natomiast w przypadku USA, UE-15 i Japonii stwierdzono wstępowanie pozytywnego wpływu wzrostu gospodarczego na zmiany zatrudnienia. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia do dalszych, szczegółowych analiz zmierzających do skonstruowania strategii wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego kraju, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu optymalnej równowagi między promowaniem zatrudnienia i wzrostu wydajności pracy.
UNREGISTERED CROSS-BORDER USE OF SERVICES ON THE POLISH SECTION OF THE EXTERNAL BORDER OF THE EU AND THE LOCATION OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN THE POLISH TRADE TURNOVER WITH ITS EASTERN NEIGHBORS
Authors: Powęska Halina
Published: October 2024

The article aims to investigate the share of services in Poland's trade turnover with the neighbouring countries at the external border of the European Union, taking into consideration the registered and unregistered turnover, as well to identify the share of the unregistered sector in the total volume of services turnover. The statistical analysis conducted on the data shows that in the years 2010-2012 the registered exports of services from Poland to Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were several times higher than the imports of services from these countries. The value of unregistered cross-border purchases of services made by Belarusians in Poland was twenty-five times higher, by Russians seven times higher and by Ukrainians twice as high as the value of the purchases made by Polish consumers in these countries. The share of the unregistered crossborder trading in the exports of services from Poland to Belarus and to Russia was higher than in the imports, whereas in the case of Ukraine the situation was reversed: the share of the unregistered imports of services was higher than the unregistered services exports.
COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH AND SLOVAK AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET
Authors: Rytko Anna
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper was to define the Polish and Slovak competitiveness position of agricultural and food products on the European market, as well as for comparison purposes, on the markets of the third countries and to the other groups of products. However, the issue was show the changes of the competitiveness in this sector. The competitiveness performance in Polish and Slovak agrofood trade has been evaluated for the period of 1999-2012. Trade theories indicate that countries specialize in the production of goods, trade in these goods and have better competitiveness position, if they have an absolute or comparative advantages in relationship to your partner (Ricardo 1957, Balassa 1965, Lall 2001, Guzek 2006). In order to determine the competitive position, the comparative advantage and evaluation of agrofood trade were used. The analysis considers two indices: revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and net export index (NEI). After joining the European Union, the importance of foreign agro-food trade in both of this countries has grew up in European market, but on the third countries market only Poland notified increases. The index of RCA in these countries is quite different. It is observed comparative advantage in Poland while in Slovakia there was not. Similar situation was in NEI index. A positive value of the net export index for agri-food products was found only in Poland.
VOLUNTARY SIMPLICITY – SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO OVERCONSUMPTION
Authors: Burgiel Aleksandra , Sowa Izabela , Zrałek Jolanta
Published: October 2024

Voluntary simplicity (VS) fits well the category of sustainable consumption because to its principles include: creating economically sustainable future, shaping balanced relationships between humans as well as building and maintaining close ties to the nature. Therefore the first aim of this article is to characterize VS as a lifestyle that constitutes the sustainable alternative to overconsumption. The second objective is to determine attitudes toward overconsumption and on this basis to answer the question if Polish consumers are willing to accept the idea of voluntary simplifying their lives. To attain these purposes we defined VS, described its relationships with sustainable consumption and also characterized consumers who adopt simple lifestyle. The primary data come from two qualitative research projects using individual in-depth interviews that were conducted in years 2013 and 2014. The main conclusion of the analysis is a statement that presumably Poles are not ready to consciously and voluntarily limit their consumption yet.
Zmiany strukturalne cukrownictwa polskiego
Authors: Kapusta Franciszek
Published: October 2024

W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano: powstanie i rozwój cukrownictwa buraczanego i rolę obszarów Polski w tym procesie, procesy przemian bazy surowcowej i przetwórczej. Cukrownictwo buraczane zrodziło się na ziemiach polskich i przeszło głębokie zmiany; zarówno co do liczby fabryk cukru (cukrowni), jak i powierzchni uprawy buraków cukrowych oraz organizacji współpracy zakładów przetwórczych z producentami surowca. Liczba zakładów przetwórczych (cukrowni) ulegała zmianie, a tendencje zmian w tym zakresie były zmienne. Mamy do czynienia z falowaniem liczby cukrowni; wzrostu i zmniejszania się ich liczby, a następnie pod koniec XX w. rozpoczęcie procesu systematycznego - chociaż ze zmiennym natężeniem w czasie - zmniejszania liczby zakładów oraz zwiększania ich mocy przetwórczej. Podobnie falująco przebiegały zmiany bazy surowcowej. Rynek cukru w Unii Europejskiej jest regulowany, a produkcja kwotowana. Przyznana Polsce kwota produkcji cukru (1405,6 t) stwarza mniejsze zapotrzebowanie na buraki cukrowe, co generuje możliwości przeznaczania ich w większych ilościach na produkcję suszu (dla celów spożywczych i paszowych) oraz produkcji bioetanolu.
Analiza zróżnicowania przestrzennego rozwoju społeczno- -gospodarczego duoregionu Pomorze z wykorzystaniem metody k-średnich
Authors: Karmowska Grażyna , Marciniak Mirosława
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań dotyczących zróżnicowania przestrzennego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego obszarów wiejskich duoregionu Pomorze (województwa: zachodniopomorskie i pomorskie). Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego za lata 2005 - 2012 zagregowane na poziomie NUTS-2 i NUTS-4. W badaniach zastosowano metody analizy porównawczej, statystykę opisową oraz metodę k-średnich. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że w latach 2005-2011 województwa duoregionu nie wykazywały istotnych różnic pod względem poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego, ale różniły się tempem wzrostu (dynamika PKB w latach 2007 i 2011). Analiza skupień powiatów duoregionu wykazała istnienie na obszarach wiejskich niewielkiego zróżnicowania przestrzennego. Wyższy poziom rozwoju gospodarczego prezentowały obszary leżące w północnej- wschodniej części województwa pomorskiego oraz w północno-zachodniej części województwa zachodniopomorskiego, co potwierdza fakt dyfuzji rozwojowej wokół miast wojewódzkich.
Implementacja technologii informacyjnych e-commerce w przedsiębiorstwach ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego
Authors: Strzębicki Dariusz
Published: October 2024

Głównym celem opracowania jest określenie stopnia rozwoju e-commerce w polskich przedsiębiorstwach ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora spożywczego. W prezentowanym badaniu wskazano na kluczowe technologie informacyjne, na których opiera się e-commerce. Dokonano analizy danych wtórnych dotyczących zastosowania technologii informacyjnych w przedsiębiorstwach. Badanie pokazuje, że poziom zastosowania kluczowych technologii e-commerce jest w polskich przedsiębiorstwach znacząco zróżnicowany. Zauważalny jest wzrost w procentowym udziale przedsiębiorstw stosujących technologie e-commerce. Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego są relatywnie aktywne w zakresie prowadzenia e-sprzedaży B2B.
Czynniki wpływające na różnicowanie poziomu wsparcia gospodarstw środkami Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej UE
Authors: Marcysiak Adam , Marcysiak Agata
Published: October 2024

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania zakresu oddziaływania czynników różnicujących poziom wsparcia gospodarstw środkami Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej UE. Szczegółowej analizie poddano płatności bezpośrednie i płatności dla obszarów o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania (ONW). Ich wielkość rozpatrywano w relacji do dochodu z gospodarstwa rolniczego. Obliczeń dokonano metodą stosowaną w europejskim systemie rachunkowości rolnej FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). Udział środków pochodzących z WPR w analizowanych gospodarstwach w latach 2010-2013 zwiększył się w relacji do dochodu z 40,4% do 52,1%. Czynnikami różnicującymi poziom wsparcia gospodarstw środkami Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej UE okazały się wielkość ekonomiczna i typ rolniczy gospodarstwa.
Effect of Hyperketonemia on Myocardial Function in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Solis-Herrera Carolina , Qin Yuejuan , Honka Henri , Cersosimo Eugenio , Triplitt Curtis , Neppala Sivaram , Rajan Jemena , M. Acosta Francisca , J. Moody Alexander , Iozzo Patricio , Fox Peter , Clarke Geoffrey , A. DeFronzo Ralph
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of increased plasma ketones on left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial glucose uptake (MGU), and myocardial blood flow (MBF) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with heart failure (HF). Three groups (I,II,III) of T2DM (12 per group) with LV ejection fraction £50% received incremental infusions of β-OH-B for 3-6 hours to raise plasma b-OH-B concentration throughout the physiologic (Groups I and II) and pharmacologic (Group III) range. Cardiac MRI was performed at baseline and after each b-OH-B infusion to provide measures of cardiac function. On a separate day, Group II also received NaHCO3 infusion, thus serving as their own control for time, volume, and pH. Additionally, Group II underwent positron emission tomography study with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose to examine effect of hyperketonemia on MGU. Groups I, II, III achieved plasma b-OH-B levels of 0.7±0.3, 1.6±0.2, 3.2±0.2 mmol/L, respectively. Cardiac output, LVEF, and stroke volume increased significantly during b-OH-B infusion in Groups II (CO, 4.54 to 5.30; EF, 39.9 to 43.8; SV, 70.3 to 80.0) and III (CO, 5.93 to 7.16; EF, 41.1 to 47.5; SV, 89.0 to 108.4) and did not change with NaHCO3 infusion in Group II. The increase in LVEF was greatest in Group III (p<0.001 vs Group II). MGU and MBF were not altered by β-OH-B. In T2DM patients with LVEF£50%, increased plasma b-OH-B significantly increased LV function dose-dependently. Since MGU did not change, the myocardial benefit of b-OH-B resulted from providing an additional fuel for the heart without inhibiting MGU. HIGHLIGHTS · SGLT2 inhibitor therapy is associated with an increase in plasma ketone concentration · We examined in type 2 diabetes patients with HFrEF the effect of b-OH-B infusion, spanning the physiologic and pharmacologic range of plasma b-OH-B concentrations (0.7, 1.6, and 3.2 mmol/L), on myocardial function (MRI), myocardial blood flow (PET/H215O), and myocardial glucose uptake (PET/18F—DOG) · b-OH-B caused a dose-response increase in left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial blood flow without altering myocardial glucose uptake These results suggest that the SLGT2i-induced increase in plasma ketone concentration may contribute to its beneficial effects on myocardial function
The Stockholm Spinal Cord Uro Study: Changing patterns of urological surgery in a regional prevalence group through 50 years – Outcomes and lessons learned
Authors: Farrelly Elisabeth , Lindbo Lena , Seiger Åke
Published: October 2024

Aims: To examine the number and types of urological surgical procedures carried out in a regional prevalence population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) during five decades, evaluate objective and patient-reported outcomes and to consider lessons learned for further improvement of surgical treatment in this patient group.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 412 patients with traumatic SCI, one-third had undergone urological surgery through a period of up to 50 years. Data on types of surgery, complications, follow-up and outcomes were collected in a retrospective review of patient files. S-creatinine, S-cystatin-C, renal ultrasound and a questionnaire regarding complications during the preceding year were assembled as part of a yearly follow-up. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Logistic regression was used to determine risk profiles for the incidence of urological surgery.
Results: A total of 137 patients had undergone 262 urological surgical interventions. The incidence was highest amongst persons with a cervical-thoracic neurological level of spinal cord lesion and during the first 2 years after SCI. Surgery for urinary stones constituted 29% of all procedures. One-fourth of the patients had undergone 47% of all procedures, notably urinary diversion and ensuing complications, implants and revisions, repeated stone interventions or bladder outlet procedures. After reconstructive surgery functional outcomes and patient-reported satisfaction were generally favourable, but long-term signs of renal complications were frequent.
Conclusions: Urological surgery after SCI involves imperative as well as reconstructive procedures, some of which are challenging and call for centralisation to devoted teams. Prospective studies of reconstructive urology are warranted, including more extensive patient-reported outcomes.
Safety of the reduced fixed dose of mycophenolate mofetil confirmed via therapeutic drug monitoring in de novo kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jung Hee-Yeon , Seo Yu Jin , Hwang Deokbi , Yun Woo-Sung , Kim Hyung-Kee , Huh Seung , Yoo Eun Sang , Lim Jeong-Hoon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Yong-Lim , Won Dong Il , Cho Jang-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck
Published: October 2024

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is usually prescribed with a reduced fixed dose in Asian kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, the clinical efficacy and safety of the fixed dose have not yet been investigated via therapeutic drug monitoring. We evaluated whether reduced fixed-dose MMF is an optimal dosing strategy to achieve the therapeutic target of mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure in Korean KTRs. Methods: This open-label, prospective study enrolled 50 de novo KTRs prescribed with tacrolimus, corticosteroid, and fixed-dose MMF (1.0–1.5 g/day). The trough level (C0) and area under the curve (AUC0–12 hr) of MPA were measured at 1 and 24 weeks after kidney transplantation (KT). The relationship of body weight (BW)-adjusted MMF dose with MPA C0 and MPA AUC0–12 hr was assessed using linear regression analysis. Results: The initial fixed dose of MMF of 1.44 ± 0.16 g/day was adjusted in 24 patients (48.0%) and then reduced to a mean dose of 1.19 ± 0.31 g/day at 24 weeks after KT. Most patients (≥84.0%) attained the minimum required MPA C0 of 1.0 μg/mL and MPA AUC0–12 hr of 30 μg × hr/mL at 1 and 24 weeks. The BW-adjusted MMF dose demonstrated significant positive correlations with MPA C0 and MPA AUC0– 12 hr at 1 and 24 weeks after KT. Moreover, 14 patients (28.0%) reported MPA-related adverse events that were predictable based on MPA AUC0–12 hr (cutoff level, 46.4 μg × hr/mL). Conclusion: The current reduced fixed-dose MMF strategy can help achieve the therapeutic target of MPA exposure in tacrolimus- treated Korean KTRs during the early posttransplant period.