bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding FBA Solutions under Multiple Nutrient Limitations
Authors: van Pelt-KleinJan Eunice , de Groot Daan H. , Teusink Bas
Published: April 2021

Genome-scale stoichiometric modeling methods, in particular Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) and variations thereof, are widely used to investigate cell metabolism and to optimize biotechnological processes. Given (1) a metabolic network, which can be reconstructed from an organism’s genome sequence, and (2) constraints on reaction rates, which may be based on measured nutrient uptake rates, FBA predicts which reactions maximize an objective flux, usually the production of cell components. Although FBA solutions may accurately predict the metabolic behavior of a cell, the actual flux predictions are often hard to interpret. This is especially the case for conditions with many constraints, such as for organisms growing in rich nutrient environments: it remains unclear why a certain solution was optimal. Here, we rationalize FBA solutions by explaining for which properties the optimal combination of metabolic strategies is selected. We provide a graphical formalism in which the selection of solutions can be visualized; we illustrate how this perspective provides a glimpse of the logic that underlies genome-scale modeling by applying our formalism to models of various sizes.
Antimicrobial Use in Brazilian Swine Herds: Assessment of Use and Reduction Examples
Authors: Dutra Mauricio Cabral , Moreno Luisa Zanolli , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Moreno Andrea Micke
Published: April 2021

Brazil, as a major pig producer, is currently experiencing the widespread use of antimicrobials as a serious issue to be addressed. For measures to be taken in this direction, the extent of the problem must be known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in 25 Brazilian swine herds. Antimicrobial use from birth to slaughter was correlated with biosecurity and productivity. After the first assessment (2016; M0), 13 herds implemented good practices to reduce antimicrobial use. Four years after the implementation of these measures (2020; M1), data about antimicrobial usage from these herds were collected. The results of the first assessment (M0) demonstrated a troublesome scenario: the mean value of antimicrobials used was 358.4 mg/kg of pig produced; the median of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials was 73.7%, and the median number of drugs used was seven. A positive correlation between the antimicrobials consumed and the pig’s antimicrobial exposure time was detected. Nevertheless, these data did not correlate with biosecurity score or productivity. A significant difference was detected in M1, where a median 30% reduction in antimicrobials consumed was detected. There was also a 44.3% reduction of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials. The median number of drugs used was reduced from seven to five. Antimicrobial use did not always reflect the sanitary condition or the real therapeutic needs, easily leading to overuse.
Dendritic Cell Tumor Vaccination via Fc Gamma Receptor Targeting: Lessons Learned from Pre-Clinical and Translational Studies
Authors: Alcaide Enrique Gómez , Krishnarajah Sinduya , Junker Fabian
Published: April 2021

Despite significant recent improvements in the field of immunotherapy, cancer remains a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. In recent years, immunotherapies have led to remarkable strides in treating certain cancers. However, despite the success of checkpoint inhibitors and the advent of cellular therapies, novel strategies need to be explored to (1) improve treatment in patients where these approaches fail and (2) make such treatments widely and financially accessible. Vaccines based on tumor antigens (Ag) have emerged as an innovative strategy with the potential to address these areas. Here, we review the fundamental aspects relevant for the development of cancer vaccines and the critical role of dendritic cells (DCs) in this process. We first offer a general overview of DC biology and routes of Ag presentation eliciting effective T cell-mediated immune responses. We then present new therapeutic avenues specifically targeting Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) as a means to deliver antigen selectively to DCs and its effects on T-cell activation. We present an overview of the mechanistic aspects of FcγR-mediated DC targeting, as well as potential tumor vaccination strategies based on preclinical and translational studies. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the field of recombinant immune complex-like large molecules and their potential for DC-mediated tumor vaccination in the clinic. These findings go beyond cancer research and may be of relevance for other disease areas that could benefit from FcγR-targeted antigen delivery, such as autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
Demographic and Pathogens of Domestic, Free-Roaming Pets and the Implications for Wild Carnivores and Human Health in the San Luis Region of Costa Rica
Authors: Conrad Joseph , Norman Jason , Rodriguez Amalia , Dennis Patricia M. , Arguedas Randall , Jimenez Carlos , Hope Jenifer G. , Yabsley Michael J. , Hernandez Sonia M.
Published: April 2021

Habitat loss and degradation, restricted ranges, prey exploitation, and poaching are important factors for the decline of several wild carnivore populations and additional stress from infectious agents is an increasing concern. Given the rapid growth of human populations in some regions like Costa Rica, pathogens introduced, sustained, and transmitted by domestic carnivores may be particularly important. To better understand the significance of domestic carnivore pathogens for wildlife, we determine the prevalence of infection and possible mechanisms for contact between the two groups. The demographics, role in the household, and pathogens of pet dogs and cats was studied during three annual spay/neuter clinics in San Luis, Costa Rica. Most dogs were owned primarily as pets and guard animals, but ~10% were used for hunting. Cats were owned primarily as pets and for pest control. Both roamed freely outdoors. We detected high prevalences of some pathogens (e.g., carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and Toxoplasma gondii). Some pathogens are known to persist in the environment, which increases the probability of exposure to wild carnivores. This study demonstrated that domestic pets in San Luis, home to a number of protected and endangered wildlife species, are infected with pathogens to which these wild species are potentially susceptible. Additionally, results from our questionnaire support the potential for domestic and wild animal contact, which may result in disease spillover.
Productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed of different origin
Authors: Solovyova O. I. , Krestyaninova E. I. , Khalikova T. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Back in Soviet times, the Institute of nutrition of the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR had recommended in scientifi cally based nutrition standards that milk and dairy products should be in the diet of the population at least 30 % of all nutrients consumed by each person per day. According to scientists and practitioners breeding work in dairy cattle breeding is aimed at improving existing and creating new highly productive breeds, types and lines, herds of animals, as well as their rational use for the production of milk and beef. A comparative assessment of milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed of diff erent origin along lines during three lactations in the breeding farm “Barybino” – “Koalko-agro” in the Moscow region has been presented in the article. It has been found that the best result in milk yield for the 1st lactation was obtained from cows of Wes Back Ideal 10134115 line – 7897 kg, with fat content of 4,20 % and protein content of 3,20 % in milk . The milk yield of cows of other lines of Refl ection Sovereign 198998, Montwick Chieftain 95679 and Pabst Governor 882933 was 7787, 7607, 7879 kg of milk, respectively. In general, in all lines there is a pattern of increasing milk yield before the second lactation and some of its decrease by the third lactation. According to the length of the open days period after the fi rst and third calving, it has been found that the cows of line Montwick Chieftain 95679 had the longest open days period equal to 149 and 179 days.
Shape Estimation of Soft Manipulator Using Stretchable Sensor
Authors: So Jinho , Kim Uikyum , Kim Yong Bum , Seok Dong-Yeop , Yang Sang Yul , Kim Kihyeon , Park Jae Hyeong , Hwang Seong Tak , Gong Young Jin , Choi Hyouk Ryeol
Published: April 2021

The soft robot manipulator is attracting attention in the surgical fields with its intrinsic softness, lightness in its weight, and safety toward the human organ. However, it cannot be used widely because of its difficulty of control. To control a soft robot manipulator accurately, shape sensing is essential. This paper presents a method of estimating the shape of a soft robot manipulator by using a skin-type stretchable sensor composed of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and silicone (p7670). The sensor can be easily fabricated and applied by simply attaching it to the surface of the soft manipulator. In its fabrication, MWCNT is sprayed on a teflon sheet, and liquid-state silicone is poured on it. After curing, we turn it over and cover it with another silicone layer. The sensor is fabricated with a sandwich structure to decrease the hysteresis of the sensor. After calibration and determining the relationship between the resistance of the sensor and the strain, three sensors are attached at 120° intervals. Using the obtained data, the curvature of the manipulator is calculated, and the entire shape is reconstructed. To validate its accuracy, the estimated shape is compared with the camera data. We experiment with three, six, and nine sensors attached, and the result of the error of shape estimation is compared. As a result, the minimum tip position error is approximately 8.9 mm, which corresponded to 4.45% of the total length of the manipulator when using nine sensors.
The Effect of Blended Learning on the Achievement in a Physics Course of Students of a Dentistry College: A Case Study at Ajman University
Authors: Alsalhi Najeh Rajeh , Eltahir Mohd , Dawi Elmuez , Abdelkader Atef , Zyoud Samer
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of the use of blended learning on the achievement of Dentistry College students on a physics course at Ajman University. It compares the results of different ways of teaching the ‘Practical physics course’. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental case study design. The participants of the study were 116 students, divided into two groups: one an experimental group (n = 59) and the other a control group (n = 57). An achievement test was designed to confirm the study’s validity and reliability. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups, in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, the findings also revealed that achievement varied according to the gender of the students in the experimental group (in favor of females). The study recommends further research into the use of blended learning in higher education institutions.
Urgent Transition to Group Online Foreign Language Instruction: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Kolesova Daria V. , Moskovkin Leonid V. , Popova Tatiana I.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this work is to study how teachers and students react to the urgent large-scale transition to online education. The research was done via surveys conducted at the Center for Additional Educational Programs in the field of Russian as a Foreign Language at St. Petersburg State University. March 2020 transition to distance learning kept intact the lesson schedule, the duration of lessons, and the compliance with the approved programs. This case study was conducted as follows: (1) a questionnaire for teachers was distributed via e-mail; (2) teachers’ responses were collected and processed; (3) a questionnaire for students was created in Google Forms; (4) students’ responses were collected and processed; (5) the research results were described and analyzed; (6) teachers’ and students’ responses were compared. The study involved 45 teachers and 100 foreign students, mostly from China. The majority of teachers taught at Level A2 (48%); the majority of students studied at Level B1 (36%). The study shows that modern teachers (77.8%) have a high degree of adaptability, which allows them to switch to new teaching formats in two weeks. They use a variety of teaching aids: not only textbooks mandated by the curriculum (100%), but also other textbooks (91.1%), educational materials from the Internet (88.9%), authentic audio/video materials (51.1%), and self-developed educational materials (53.3%). According to students, the most effective are the authentic materials from the Internet (45%), and the textbook mandated by the program (41%). Both teachers and students noted difficulties in the online training of four language skills: speaking (35.6% of teachers and 32% of students), writing (17.8% and 32%, respectively), listening (15.6% and 40%), and reading (11.1% and 17%). Teachers lack personal communication with students (35.6%), specialized online tools for teaching Russian as a foreign language (13.3%), and effective means of monitoring the acquisition of educational material (31.1%). They strive to solve these problems through a variety of activities, creating an atmosphere conducive to authentic communication. Research data correspond with the conclusions of methodologists about the fundamentally new nature of the relationship between teachers and students in the virtual environment, which is manifested in a less hierarchic teacher-student relationship due to greater initiative, involvement, and independence of students in an online lesson. The article presents a way to study the perception of changes in the teaching mode by teachers and students. The research enriches the e-learning knowledge area with data on how the sudden mass transition to online foreign language learning was carried out.
Perspectivas da Geografia Física do Nordeste brasileiro: produção e desafios
Authors: Caracristi Isorlanda , Lima Ernane Cortez , Falcão Sobrinho José
Published: April 2021

Esta publicação foi composta pelos 61 Resumos Expandidos inscritos nos 9 Eixos Temáticos e aceitos pela Comissão Científica do IV SGFNE (Simpósio de Geografia Física do Nordeste). O presente E-Book apresenta uma diversidade significativa de trabalhos, os quais possuem uma gama variada de temas e abordagens, refletindo a rica produção regional em Geografia Física. Por tais motivos, convidamos os leitores que acessem este livro e por meio dos resumos tomem conhecimento de tal diversidade e riqueza.
Apogeo del capitalismo corporativo y dominación de los mundos de vida
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: April 2021

Para maximizar las ganancias, la lógica inexorable del capital subsume las fuentes primigenias de la riqueza, trabajo y naturaleza a costa de degradar la condición humana y destruir el medio ambiente. El supuesto carácter progresista de las fuerzas productivas deviene en potencias contraproductivas, ajenas a la realización de capacidades y potencialidades humanas. En lugar de satisfacer las necesidades humanas, el consumo degenera en dominación psicológica y fisiológica de los cuerpos; el sistema alimentario basado en valores de usos tóxicos y nocivos desencadena enfermedades crónicas e incapacitantes que deterioran el patrimonio genético de la humanidad. La cultura dominante exalta el individualismo, el mercantilismo y el consumismo en contraposición a los valores solidarios y comunitarios que fundamentan la justicia social y el bien común. La perversión de la política como fetiche, actividad reservada para expertos y manipulada por el poder comunicacional, cristaliza una democracia de élites con una ciudadanía mínima.
Megaminería en México ¿un camino hacia el desarrollo local y nacional?
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Tetreault Darcy
Published: April 2021

La nueva Ley Federal de Derechos incluye mecanismos para incrementar los impuestos sobre la actividad minera en México y canalizar esos recursos al financiamiento de proyectos de desarrollo social en las regiones mineras del país. En este artículo se analiza la reforma en el contexto de las políticas neoliberales que han imperado en el sector desde principios de los años noventa del siglo XX. El argumento es que la reforma resulta limitada en tanto da por sentadas la deseabilidad y la prioridad de los grandes proyectos de minería, evadiendo así el derecho de las comunidades afectadas de rechazarlos para seguir un camino alternativo hacia el desarrollo local. La viabilidad de las alternativas asociadas a los movimientos de resistencia a la megaminería se ilustra con el caso de Capulálpam, una comunidad zapoteca en la Sierra Juárez del estado de Oaxaca.
Dieta neoliberal y desigualdad en los países del TLCAN: ¿convergencia o divergencia alimentaria?
Authors:   Simon Fraser University, Otero Gerardo , Pechlaner Gabriela ,   University of the Fraser Valley
Published: April 2021

A principios de los años noventa, una de las preguntas que incendiaban las discusiones sobre la posibilidad del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) era si habría convergencia hacia abajo, en el nivel del desarrollo mexicano, o hacia arriba, en el de Canadá y Estados Unidos. Quienes abogaban por el TLCAN sugerían que la convergencia sería hacia arriba, los detractores decían lo contrario. Después de 20 años, contamos con suficientes datos empíricos para evidenciar lo que en realidad ha sucedido. En relación con la agricultura y la alimentación, los patrones dietéticos estadounidenses se han consolidado: tales patrones ya se daban de manera diferenciada, con las clases de ingresos medios y altos que compraban los alimentos de mayor valor agregado; y las más pobres, los más baratos y densos en contenido energético. Lejos de darse una convergencia en cualquier sentido, sugerimos que se ha dado una «convergencia diferenciada» en función de las clases sociales. El comercio internacional ha crecido entre los tres países, pero con patrones que expresan una dominación de Estados Unidos sobre sus vecinos. Los patrones de consumo muestran también la convergencia diferenciada. Esbozamos la neorregulación en la región del TLCAN, el contraste de las experiencias de los tres países, los patrones de consumo junto con la globalización de la agricultura, la producción alimentaria, la convergencia y divergencia en la agricultura, así como el desarrollo en la región del TLCAN.
Legal empowerment of women and girls: progress and challenges
Authors: Singh Naresh
Published: April 2021

The commission on legal empowerment of the poor (2008) estimated that four billion people on the planet could not use the law to improve their lives and livelihoods. Instead, they saw the law as punitive and therefore to be avoided. Half of these people, women and girls, suffer disproportionately and in specific ways that need special attention. This paper surveys the significant progress that women and girls have made in recent decades with respect to their legal rights but then goes on to identify the great distance still to be covered. Progress has been made, for example, with the right to education with respect to having more girls in school, to living healthier lives and having greater participation in the labourforce. Nevertheless, much more remains to be done in these areas but more so in having more voice and power in the political affairs of their countries, in control over income and assets, in vulnerability to violence at home and in their capacity to deal with shocks and stresses due to natural disasters and conflict. The paper will describe the benefits women were expected to gain from the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discriminations Against Women (CEDAW) and what has happened in practice. Finally, an agenda for action on legal empowerment of women and girls is presented.
Cuestión de Estado: violencia y crisis
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: April 2021

El proceso histórico de formación del Estado corresponde a un proyecto de sociedad emanado de las luchas y contradicciones sociales. En función de los intereses que enarbola, el Estado mexicano moderno adquiere una composición política que troquela el marco institucional y el conjunto de políticas que implementa de modo que alienta energías colectivas acordes a la correlación de fuerzas que soportan al poder y la dinámica de acumulación. Las políticas económica, social, política y cultural corresponden al proyecto de sociedad estatal enmarcado en el sistema mundial capitalista. Con la implantación del modelo de desarrollo neoliberal se agudizan las desigualdades y contradicciones sociales, y el Estado entra en una profunda crisis de legitimidad. Para continuar implementando el ciclo de reformas neoliberales el Estado recurre al uso de la violencia como dispositivo de control social y factor de preservación del régimen de acumulación articulado por capitales rentistas y predadores que desvanecen el tejido social y agudizan la conflictividad social. Los sectores populares ofrecen respuestas variadas, desde el consentimiento y la indiferencia hasta posiciones críticas y la resistencia.
Imperialismo y capitalismo: repensando una relación íntima
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Veltmeyer Henry , Petras James ,   Universidad de Binghamton
Published: April 2021

The literature on imperialism suffers from a fundamental confusion surrounding the relationship between capitalism and imperialism. The aim of this work is to bring clarification. In the first part, we state our position regarding the capitalism-imperialism relationship; in the second, we discuss some important points in the marxist debate on imperialism; and in the third, we review the various paths imperialism has taken in Latin America under capitalist development. The central point of this work is the way that it places imperialism at the conjuncture of capitalist development, particularly extractive capitalism. This conjuncture is characterized by the decline of neoliberalism as an economic model; a growing demand for energy, minerals and other «natural» resources in the world market; and the political economy of the development of natural resources (large-scale investment to acquire lands and the natural resources they contain, the export of primary products). The key dynamic of what we call «imperialist extractivism» is analyzed in the South American context, which represents the most advanced, but regressive, form that capitalism has taken, so far, in the new milennium. Our analysis of this dynamic is summaried in 12 theses.
Capitalismo, cuestión agraria y luchas políticas en Brasil (1964-2014)
Authors:   Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro, Mendes Pereira João Márcio , Alentejano Paulo ,   Universidad del Estado de Río de Janeiro
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza las luchas sociales y políticas que configuraron las relaciones de poder en el campo brasileño en los últimos 50 años, entre 1964 y 2014, cubriendo tanto la dictadura como el régimen democrático. Se enfatizan los procesos organizacionales de los principales actores, las dinámicas de la correlación de fuerzas en la sociedad civil y las acciones del Estado brasileño para preservar o transformar la estructura agraria y la agricultura. El texto empieza viendo las luchas sociales desde el inicio de los años sesenta hasta el golpe de 1964 y la política agraria de la dictadura, enfatizando el proceso de modernización de la agricultura y sus contradicciones principales. Después, se enfoca en disputas sobre la reforma agraria durante el periodo de transición democrática. Seguidamente, se estudiarán las administraciones de Fernando Collor e Itamar Franco, un periodo que marcó un momento de transición al neoliberalismo. Luego el análisis se concentra en las luchas que tuvieron lugar durante los dos mandatos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso y Lula da Silva, llegando finalmente a la administración de Dilma Rousseff.
Masculinidades en la intimidad
Authors:   , Bramajo Norberto
Published: April 2021

Esta tesis es producto de la investigación “Masculinidad en la intimidad. Etnografía de un grupos de adolescentes varones”. Se realizó a partir de un proceso de objetivación de intervenciones pasadas dirigidas a un grupo de adolescentes varones, en proceso socio-terapéutico por usos de drogas, correspondiente a la Casa Educativa Terapéutica Avellaneda, dependiente de la Secretaría de Políticas Integrales sobre Drogas de la Nación Argentina. Se analizaron categorías sociales y marcos referenciales correspondientes a la adolescencia, a la construcción social del varón y a las prácticas de usos de drogas. Así también, la constitución de categorías nativas desde la verbalización de los adolescentes varones sobre sus vínculos sociales. Se le ha otorgado especial importancia a la intimidad generada entre los miembros del grupo, observándose relaciones socio-afectivas, quebrantando los valores sociales de la masculinidad hegemónica. Se ha utilizado el método etnográfico capaz de identificar a los registros, personales y profesionales, la observación participante y la participación nativa como muestra de la presente investigación social. Por último, se han realizado aportes a la masculinidad como constructo social en contexto determinado, al adolescente como sujeto de derecho y la sugerencia de incorporar la etnografía en la intervención e investigación del Trabajo Social.
Migraciones en el Mercosur
Authors:   , Bogado Bordazar Laura Lucía
Published: April 2021

Partiendo de la situación actual de los procesos migratorios internacionales, la tesis investiga sobre los paradigmas teóricos de los modelos de integración/inserción de los migrantes. Profundizando en la cuestión migratoria desde el inicio del Mercosur y su proceso de articulación, haciendo especial hincapié en el modelo social de integración del Mercosur: su explicación a través del estatuto de ciudadanía y otras herramientas afines. Asimismo, se hace un recorrido por los perfiles migratorios de los países del Mercosur (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay y Venezuela) y la interrelación de los flujos migratorios cruzados.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy algorithm for periodontitis
Authors: Ushakov R.V. , Tsarev V.N. , Nuruev N.N.
Published: April 2021

In the article is justified the choice of drugs and the need to conduct antimicrobial chemotherapy for periodontitis. On the basis of literature data and their own studies, the authors proposed an algorithm for antimicrobial chemotherapy of periodontitis, prevention of local andgeneral complications during paradontological interventions in accordance with the AWaRe classification (WHO). Antibiotics are divided into drugs of the first and second empirical choices depending on the form of periodontitis.
THE ROLE OF MARTIAL COURT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mahfutt Mahfutt , Anwar Khairil , Matindas Billi Belladona
Published: April 2021

The position of the Military Court is a body that executes the judicial power in the circle of the Indonesian National Armed Forces to enforce the law and justice with due observance of the interest in the state defense and safety. The Military Court is authorized to try the crimes committed by someone who when committing such crime is a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, a member of a group or office or body or equal to a soldier pursuant to the Law and someone is not included in the said group as set forth in the Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court. Following the reform of 1988, the existence of the Military Court is developed by some activists and the public that observe the Military Court, insisting the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court, with the focus point for a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces who commits a general crime to be tried in the General Court with the reason that the Military Court practice is closed in nature, and another reason is the equalization of rights before the law. The method used in this research is the normative law research that is carried out to obtain the necessary data relating to the problem. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. In addition, primary data is also used as the support of the secondary data law materials. The data is analyzed by the qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of the research show that the Military Court is one of the mechanisms that are always tried to be maintained. The outcome from the research discovers that the role of the Martial Court in Indonesia remains effective, fair, and democratic to this date realistically marked by fair punishment within the jurisdiction offended, which corresponds to the need of TNI institution in the aspects of Culture, Benefit, Assurance, and Fairness. It is recommended that the RI Government continuously develop and improve the same by maintaining the role of the Martial Court in punishing criminal offenses committed by military members on the Martial Court system currently in force.
THE UNEQUAL CONTRACT OF NUCLEUS-PLASMA REGARDING PALM OIL IN CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Lanini Agus , Maddusila Fatimah , Sulbadana Sulbadana , Palipadang Lembang
Published: April 2021

Contract of nucleus-plasma is an affirmative regulation over any company applied concession for agriculture. Every Palm plantation company that holds concession over 100 hectares is required to apply a nucleus-plasma contract. The problem has arisen since the contract arranged and dominated by the company during the contract period. Research aims are to investigate the contract in an equal position for both parties, to explain legal implications faced by the parties in implementing the contract, and to describe the palm oil agribusiness development prospect through the nucleus-plasma contract. Legal research method and such approaches as statutes, content, and comparative. These would be done by library and field researches. The research location is in Lalundu and Bungku. The research revealed; first, the parties palm farmer (plasma) and Plantation firms (nucleus) are unbalanced positions in the contract which its dominated by the firm in a construct of contract clausal., secondly, by the contract will occur such impact as convert land right (levering), breach of contract., Finally, Palm agribusiness development will support economic development in Central Sulawesi.
Invitro Decontamination Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on Important Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: KEVENK Tahsin Onur , KOLUMAN Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used for many years in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paint, textile, and food industries for coating surfaces, absorbing UV rays and due to its antimicrobial properties in nanoscale it has been identified as important chemical for decontamination. Zinc can be found in many foods as well and its allowed daily intake for adults has been reported as 8-11 mg. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for it being stable under hard processing conditions. Compared to organic acids, ZnO-NPs have better durability, selectivity, and heat resistance. In the present study, it was aimed to understand the decontamination effect of ZnO-NPs on S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157 to develop novel, safe decontamination agents for food industry. For this purpose,
ТАЛАБАЛАРГА ИНГЛИЗ ТИЛИНИ ЎҚИТИШДА ИЖТИМОИЙ МЕДИАДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ БЎЙИЧА ТАЪЛИМ ИМКОНИЯТЛАРИ ВА УЛАРДА КАСБИЙ АХБОРОТ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯСИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ
Authors: SULEYMANOVA Bumahira
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада талабаларга, хусусан, нофилологик йўналишдаги талабаларга инглиз тилини ўқитишда ижтимоий медиадан фойдаланиш бўйича таълим имкониятлари ва уларда касбий ахборот компетенциясини шакллантириш масалаларини илмий асосда тадқиқ этишга бағишланган. Тараққиётнинг таркибий қисми бўлган маданиятлараро муносабатларнинг асоси ҳисобланаётган алоқалар самарадорлигини ошириш ва кўп маданиятли шахснинг чет тилини билиш кўникмаларини шакллантириш асослари ёритилган. Ушбу мақолада ижтимоий медиа инглиз тилини ўқитишнинг қўшимча воситаси сифатида қаралди. Шу билан бирга инглиз тилидаги профессионал ахборот-коммуникация компетенцияси шаклланиши, ўқув жараёнида ижтимоий медиа тармоқларидан фойдаланиш ўзига хос хусусиятлари орқали талабалар ўртасида оммалашишига эътибор қаратилган. Бу борада олий таълим муассаслаларида инглиз тилини ўқитиш ва чет тили касбий компетенциясини шакллантиришнинг фаолият механизмларини такомиллаштириш бўйича жаҳон илм-фан тараққиёти тенденцияларини ҳисобга олган ҳолда илмий-амалий тавсиялар берилган.
АБДУЛЛА ҚОДИИЙ “ЎТКАН КУНЛАР” РОМАНИНИНГ ИНГЛИЗЧА ТАРЖИМАСИДА ‘МАЪНАВИЯТ’ СЕМАЛИ ИФОДАЛАР ВОҚЕЛАНИШИНИНГ КОНТЕКСТУАЛ ТАҲЛИЛИ
Authors: KHOLMURODOVA Madina
Published: April 2021

Мақола Абдулла Қодирийнинг “Ўткан кунлар” романининг инглиз тилидаги таржимасида ‘маънавият’ семали бирликларининг берилишига бағишланган. Маънавият шахснинг нафақат муайян ахлоқий қадриятларга амал қилишини, балки ушбу жараёнга ўз шахсий муносабатини ҳам қамраб олади. Шу маънода у кенг қамровли тушунча, инсоннинг ўзини англашни, ўз шахсий инсоний фазилатларини ижтимоий ҳаётдаги мавжуд меъёрий ҳолатлар билан уйғунлаштириб боришини ҳам ифодалайди. Ҳар қандай бадиий асарнинг муваффақиятли таржимаси миллий реалиялар сифатида намоён бўлувчи маънавият ифодаларини бериш билан ҳам намоён бўлади. Мақолада маънавият семали бирликларнинг ўзбек тилидан инглиз тилига таржимаси муаммолари Абдулла Қодирийнинг “Ўткан кунлар” романи мисолида ўрганилди. Таянч маънавият ифодаларининг ўзбек тилидаги миллий ментал моҳияти, қўлланишининг нутқ шароити ва вазияти билан боғланиши ҳамда уларнинг инглиз тилида берилиши масалалари ёритилган. Мақола қиёсий тилшунослик ва таржима назарияси соҳасида иш олиб бораётган мутахассислар учун материал бўлиб ҳизмат қилиши мумкин.
МИЛЛИЙ ИНТЕРНЕТ НАШРЛАР ФАОЛИЯТИДА КРАУДСОРСИНГДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ
Authors: KHOLMATOVA Sitora
Published: April 2021

Мақолада краудсорсинг технологияси назарий жиҳатдан кўриб чиқилиб, таҳлил этилди. Соҳага оид адабиётлар шарҳи “краудсорсинг” атамасининг моҳиятини очиб беришда амалий кўмак берди. Хорижий тадқиқотчилар фикрига таянган ҳолда бу терминга муаллиф томонидан тавсиф бериб ўтилди. Тадқиқотда интернет нашрлар краудсорсинг лойиҳаларини амалга ошириш учун махсус платформа сифатида тадқиқ қилинди. Миллий интернет нашрлар фаолиятида краудсорсинг технологиясидан фойдаланиш амалиёти етакчи интернет ОАВлар мисолида қиёсий тадқиқ этилди. kun.uz, daryo.uz, repost.uz нашрлари объект сифатида танланиб, аудиторияси, контенти, жамоатчилик билан қай даражада ҳамкорликни йўлга қўйгани таҳлилга тортилди. Шунингдек, танлаб олинган нашрлар контентида краудсорсинг технологияси асосида яратилаётган материаллар кўлами, мазмуни ёритилди. Бундан ташқари, краудсорсинг асосида фаолият юритаётган миллий интернет платформалар — “Менинг фикрим” веб-портали ҳамда regulation.gov.uz порталининг фаолияти, аудитория билан ҳамкорлик алоқалари, платформаларнинг ишлаш тизимини батафсил баён этиш орқали миллий ОАВ фаолиятида бу каби платформаларни жорий этиш масаласи кўриб чиқилди. Краудсорсинг технологиясининг назарий-методологик асосларини тадқиқ этиш, миллий интернет нашрлар фаолиятида краудсорсингдан фойдаланиш даражасини қиёсий таҳлил этиш мазкур технологияни журналистика амалиётида кенг қўллашга ҳамда бу борадаги назарий билимларни янада кенгайтиришга хизмат қилади.
Data Processing at Scale
Authors: Singh Raju
Published: April 2021

The data generation and collection of data have gone through a series of improvements over the past several years. Now, we observe that both aspects of data (generation and collection) have evolved, it creates another dimension – how to process the data at scale, and how to manage it.

Relational DBMS has been a widely accepted idea behind processing and managing data, but it has its own pros and cons, the constraints on data to prevent integrity violation is seen as a trade-off between performance and management. With the advent in the storage, compute and network technology, we have reliably transited the state of relational database management. It’s not yet done. Handling exceptions have been very poor with a single point of failure with traditional DB architecture. However, with distributed systems, it only multiplies the failure points. Failure is expected, and hence the solution for availability is designed around these expected failures. Distributed computing adds functionalities such as performance, availability, and reliability.

But, that’s not all. We are living in an era, where we communicate very now and then, through different devices. Not only this, we generate, collect, manage data which are of variant types (mostly unstructured, multi-dimensional, carries lots of noise and bias, etc.). NoSQL DBMS, Apache Spark, and Hadoop come to rescue.

One such area that exemplifies the use of big data is the transportation industry, which can encompass shipping, airline data, trucking, and the context we refer to cabs. NYC taxi data is available in an open-dataset that stores, among other things, geospatial data collected from individual taxis as they navigate the streets of New York City. Processing of geospatial data at this scale is very time-consuming and resource-intensive, as anyone who has used ArcGIS on a large dataset can attest. Distributed and parallel data processing presents an opportunity for faster processing of this type of data. The Apache Spark framework is ideal for this task as it is highly efficient with fast performance times. Additionally, it has libraries and APIs built in that allow it to process SQL queries, which many users are likely to be familiar with given its ubiquity.

In the following report, we demonstrate our approaches to perform hot spot analysis on the NYC Taxi data. Hot-zone analysis performs range-join on the rectangle and point, to identify the boundaries from where most pickups happen. Hot-cell analysis uses statistical parameters to identify the zones by also considering time as an additional dimension.
PERBEDAAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I SETELAH DIBERIKAN SELF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION MENGHADAPI EMESIS GRAVIDARUM DI BPM WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS IV DENPASAR SELATAN
Authors: Witari Ni Nyoman Deni , Dewianti Ni Made
Published: April 2021

Mual muntah  adalah salah satu gejala paling awal, paling umum dan paling menyebabkan stress pada awal kehamilan.  Terapi  nonfarmakologi merupakan jenis terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi untuk mengatasi mual. Self management education emesis gravidarum  mengadopsi konsep dari Corbin dan Straus dalam Kate dan Halsted (2003) tersebut, yang dituangkan dalam bentuk modul yang bertujuan agar ibu hamil dapat mengedukasi diri sendiri sehingga mampu untuk mengatur hidup sendiri, mengatur tujuan, dan menyediakan penguat untuk diri sendiri dalam menangani mual muntah yang dialami.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan setelah self management  education menghadapi emesis gravidarum. Penelitian ini penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian pre eksperimen (quasi experiment design) dengan rancangan one group pre test – post test design. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di BPM Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas IV Denpasar Selatan . Populasi penelitian ini ibu hamil yang datang ke BPM wilayah kerja puskesmas IV Denpasar Selatan. Sampel penelitian ini ibu hamil yang mengalami mual muntah pada trimester I yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dimana tehnik sampling pada penelitian ini  acidental sampling . Analisa Bivariat akan dilakukan uji t Test  untuk menguji perbedaan dua distribusi pre dan post test sebelum diberikan self management education dan setelah pemberian self management education menghadapi emesis gravidarum. rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum diberikan modul self management adalah 59,1 , nilai standar deviasi 10,856, nilai minimum dan maksimum 33-87. Nilai rata-rata pengetahuan setelah diberikan modul self management adalah 73,6 , nilai standar deviasi 13,874 dengan nilai minimum dan maksimum 47-100

 

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Ibu hamil Trimester I, Mual Muntah
Cooperative Learning Models Of Learning Effectiveness Tai And Stad Type In Improving Student's Critical Thinking
Authors: Margaretha Yhusita Tyas , Hardini Agustina Tyas Asri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the cooperative learning model type TAI "Team Assisted Individulization" and type STAD "Student Teams Achievement Divisions" as a learning model in improving the critical thinking of elementary school students of class V in science subjects. This experimental research was in the form of a Quasi Experimental Design. The research design used is a quasi-experimental research using the nonequivalent control group design pattern. This research is an experimental research conducted at SD Negeri Polobogo 03 and SD Negeri Polobogo 02 which are located in Polobogo Village. The research was conducted from February to March in the second semester of the academic year 2021/2022 which was carried out in class V. The samples in this study were obtained through probability sampling techniques with purposive random sampling type. Based on the research results, the effectiveness of the cooperative learning model type TAI "Team Assisted Individulization" showed an average increase of 28.57% greater than the cooperative learning model type STAD "Student Teams Achievement Divisions" which was 26.75%. Based on the results of the research hypothesis test using the mean difference test on the independent sample t-test, it shows that there is a significant difference between the cooperative learning model of the TAI type "Team Assisted Individulization" and the cooperative learning model of the STAD type "Student Teams Achievement Divisions" in terms of ability results. critical thinking of students in science subjects.
Wybrane zagadnienia zmian legislacyjnych w czasie pandemii
Authors: Wrześniewska-Wal Iwona , Augustynowicz Anna , Hajdukiewicz Dariusz , Janiszewska Lidia , Waszkiewicz Michał , Zgliczyński Wojciech
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article was to present selected problems of health policy in the context of legislative changes in health care on the example of activities related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemic, as well as to show the scope and pace of changes and their assessment. The first group of issues covers the analysis of the provisions introduced regarding organizational changes in entities providing medical activities, which, from the beginning of the pandemic, changed the scope of inpatient care and developed teleporting activities. The second group consists of changes that overlapped with regulations counteracting SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in the scope of GDPR and medical documentation. The third is an analysis of legal provisions regulating in detail the rights and obligations of medical personnel and patients, which on the one hand modify the legal liability of persons providing services, and on the other, introduce restrictions on access to them.
Latihan "Salam Trendi" terhadap Kekuatan Otot dan Kecepatan Berjalan Lansia Paska Stroke di Kota Depok
Authors: Ratnawati Emmelia
Published: April 2021

Stroke in the elderly resulted in limited autonomy. Exercise Salam Trendy consists of deep breathing exercises, stretching, and range of motion is one exercise to reduce limitations. Exercises done at home and individual 2x / week for 4 weeks. This study aimed to identify the effects of exercise "Salam Trendy" against muscle strength and walking speed of elderly post-stroke in Depok. Quasi-Experimental research design using pre and post test design. Total sample of 44 respondents consisting of the treatment group and the control group were selected with consecutive sampling technique. Evaluation studies conducted on the first and fourth week. The results showed that the arm muscle strength (p = 0.042) and legs (p = 0.005); walking speed (p = 0.002) increased significantly after being given a workout. This means that the exercise “Salam Trendy “ affect the increase in muscle strength and walking speed. The study recommends the need for this exercise as one of the interventions of nurse elderly post-stroke in the community.

Keyword:  Stroke; the elderly; exercise Salam Trendy; muscle strength, walking speed.
Experimental study and 3D modeling of the working process of a hydrogen engine running on a lean mixture
Authors: Kavtaradze R. Z. , Zhunzhun Ch. , Tsytyan Ch. , Baygan S. , Ichun’ V. , Sakhvadze G. Zh.
Published: April 2021

A 3D mathematical model for a hydrogen engine based on the Navier—Stokes transport equations in the Reynolds form is developed and verified. The influence of the crankshaft rotating frequency, excess air ratio and ignition timing on the engine performance is established. The expediency of operation of a hydrogen engine with external mixture formation and forced ignition on a lean combustible mixture is proved.
Keywords: hydrogen engine, mathematical modeling, local heat exchange, combustion chamber, lean fuel mixture
kavtaradzerz@mail.ru
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Structural factors of deformation and failure of metal-matrix composites from "ВТ6" alloy obtained under low-temperature superplasticity
Authors: Muhametrahimov M.H.
Published: April 2021

Possibilities of obtaining strong metal-matrix composites by pressure welding at low temperatures are considered. The nature and failure mechanism of the composite are studied. It is established that the strength of the composite obtained at a temperature of 700 °C can exceed the strength of the composite obtained at a temperature of 900 °C.
Keywords: composite, pressure welding, solid-phase joint, titanium alloy, nanostructure, strength, plasticity, mechanical properties.
msia@mail.ru
Caprolon turning with the supply of a water repellent emulsion to the cutting zone
Authors:   Erenkov O.J. Anikeeva O.V. Ivahnenko A.G. Oleynik A.V.
Published: April 2021

The turning of caprolon with the use of cutting fluid is investigated. It is established that when turning with a simultaneous supply of a water emulsion of a water repellent to the cutting zone, the water absorption of caprolon decreases and the quality of the machined surface increases.
Keywords: caprolon, turning, water absorption, water repellent emulsion, surface roughness, chip formation.
erenkov@list.ru
Project management for the production of high-tech products
Authors:   Gertsik YU.G. Omelchenko I.N.
Published: April 2021

The features of the formation of projects for the production of high-tech products and project management are considered. The influence of uncertainties and risks on the effectiveness of innovative projects and changes in uncertainties during their implementation are investigated.

Keywords: high-tech products, production project, uncertainty, risks, effectiveness.
ygerzik@bmstu.ru, logistic@bmstu.ru
THE ACTIVITY OF THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN TURKESTAN
(20th years of XX century)
Authors: Jaynarov Obidjon Khamid ogli
Published: April 2021

The article covers a wide range of primary sources, such as the organization of the activities of the State Prosecutor’s office in the Turkestan ASSR, the work done by the prosecutor’s office, the issue of personnel in the system, their social status.
KEY WORDS: Turkestan ASSR, People’s Commissariat of Justice, State Prosecutor’s Office, Prosecutor’s Office, Regional Prosecutors, Prosecutor’s Control, Personnel Issues.