bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Above its Boiling Point
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

Water beyond its boiling temperature has been investigated by numerous
theoretical and experimental tools including classical and quantum simulations,
Neutron Scattering, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infra−Red, and a more recent
Tetrahertz Vibrational−Rotational−Tunnelling spectroscopic technique. Water becomes
Super Critical Water (SCW) when it reaches temperature 647 K with critical pressure
and density at which vapour and liquid phases coexist. SCW has been found to have
exceptional properties such that many chemical reactions can be efficiently carried out
without the presence of catalysts, and hence is considered as a better alternative to
many of the traditional reagents, which are currently being used in organic synthesis. It
is also effective in biofuel production and in burying toxic waste products by
converting them to water and CO2. Simulations and experiments point into dramatic
changes in the intermolecular structure of water at elevated temperatures signalled by
depletion of tetrahedral hydrogen bonding network, which gives rise to higher
population of water clusters than found in ambient water, with varying size and
geometry. Cyclic water isomers are found to be stable up to clusters containing five
water molecules, whereas three dimensional cage structures are found to be stable in
higher analogues. Density along with temperature plays a vital role in determining
diffusive properties of SCW. It has been demonstrated by numerous experiments and
computer simulations that a proportional increase in hydrogen bonding is observed as
density increases. On the contrary, diffusive motion of water molecules is retarded
upon a hike in density.
A Brief Review of Water Anomalies
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

Numerous anomalies of water have been reported in the literature.
Anomalous behaviour of liquid water is so striking when it is supercooled below the
melting temperature of ice, Tm. Several physical properties have been found to be
diverging in the supercooled liquid phase, including isobaric heat capacity, isothermal
compressibility, relaxation time and thermal expansion coefficient. Interestingly
hydrogen bond life times show a divergence at this temperature, indicating its
connection to these singularities. Liquid water exhibits both density maximum and
minimum, the latter has been discovered by a recent Small Angle Neutron Scattering
(SANS) experiments, considered to be two of its most notable thermodynamic
anomalies. Unlike other liquids, translational and diffusive motions in water exhibit
contrasting behaviour and product of these two diffusive constants is found to be
insensitive to temperature and density. Formation of water clusters of varying sizes
dictates the nature of diffusion in supercooled water. Several propositions have been
made in order to account for water’s anomalies, which include Liquid−Liquid Critical
Point theory, Singularity Free hypothesis, Critical Point−Free hypothesis and Stability
Limit conjecture. In bulk phase, water shows its most of the anomalies. In addition, it
exhibits several other anomalous characters when confined to nanoscale geometries and
is near to macromolecular surface. It has to be noted that in the vicinity of non−polar
solutes the strength and lifetimes of water network increases.
Names of new taxa published and types deposited – A second case study
Authors: S. Bandyopadhyay , Krishna* Gopal , P. Venu
Published: March 2017

An attempt has been made to see whether the types of the names of the new taxa published in a botanical journal, Nordic Journal of Botany, for a period of 15 years (1990–2004; volumes 10–24) from India are duly deposited in the cited herbaria of Botanical Survey of India. Earlier a similar exercise was done for the new taxa published in an Indian journal, Rheedea.
Effect of AM fungus (Glomus macrocarpum) with additional phosphate fertilization on biomass yield nutrient uptake in two Basellaceae plants; Basella alba L. and Basella cordifolia L.
Authors: S. Kamble S. , C.* Lakshman H.
Published: March 2017

Inoculation of AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) (Glomus macrocarpum (AMF) with additional, super phosphate and rock phosphate treatment showed varied results on Basella alba and Basella cordifolia. At 30 days interval experimental plants have not exhibited any better growth or nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal plants nor non-mycorrhization plants. However, both the plants significantly showed higher growth, biomass production nutrients uptake in both shoot and root of mycorrhizal plants over non-mycorrhizal plants. When the plants of Basella alba treated with 3.0 mg rock phosphate / kg soil, with mycorrhizal inoculation. But, Basella cordifolia showed plants treated with 1.0 mg super phosphate /kg soil with mycorrhizal inoculation improved plant growth biomass. On contrast to this per cent of AM fungal colonization and spore number decreased with the increased dosage of Super phosphate than those received rock phosphate.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained release saxagliptin microspheres by ionotropic gelation method
Authors: Thadanki* Madhuri Latha
Published: March 2017

The objective of the current investigation is to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by designing and systematically evaluating sustained release microspheres of an antidiabetic agent, saxagliptin. Saxagliptin microspheres were formulated using sodium alginate as the controlled release polymer by ionotropic gelation technique. The polymer sodium alginate alone and along with different coating polymers like pectin, ethyl cellulose was used in different ratios (1:1,1:1.5, 1:2 ) to formulate batches F1 to F9. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for particle size, densities, flow properties, morphology, recovery yield, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior. The formulated microspheres were discrete, spherical with relatively smooth surface, and with good flow properties. The drug entrapment efficiency obtained in the range 70.4% to 95.2%.Among different formulations, the fabricated microspheres of batch F3 had shown the optimum percent drug encapsulation of microspheres and the sustained release of the saxagliptin for about 9 h. In vitro study showed that drug release slowly increases as the pH of the medium is increased. Release pattern of saxagliptin from microspheres of batch F3 followed Higuchi model and zero-order release kinetic model. The value of ‘n’ was found to be 0.867. The data obtained thus suggest that a microparticulate system can be successfully designed for sustained delivery of saxagliptin and to improve dosage form characteristics for easy formulation.
Влияние имплантации H-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- на оптические свойства кристаллов полуизолирующего арсенида галлия в ИК-области спектра
Authors: Клюй Н.И. , Лозинский В.Б. , Липтуга А.И , Дикуша В.Н. , Оксанич А.П. , Когдась М.Г. , Перехрест А.Л. , Притчин С.Э.
Published: March 2017

Исследованы оптические свойства кристаллов полуизолирующего арсенида галлия (АГЧП), подвергнутого мультиэнергетической имплантации ионов водорода и обработке в высокочастотном электромагнитном поле, в инфракрасной области спектра. Установлено, что такая комбинированная обработка позволяет существенно повысить пропускание кристалла АГЧП до величин, характерных для кристаллов хорошего оптического качества. На основе анализа результатов исследования пропускания и отражения АГЧП в инфракрасной области спектра, спектров комбинационного рассеяния света, морфологии поверхности методом атомно-силовой микроскопии предложена физическая модель, объясняющая наблюдаемые эффекты. Модель учитывает взаимодействие радиационных дефектов с исходными дефектами структуры АГЧП, а также эффект компенсации дефектных центров водородом в процессе высокочастотной обработки. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44200.8267
Генерация терагерцевого излучения в низкотемпературных эпитаксиальных пленках InGaAs на подложках InP с ориентациями (100) и (411) A
Authors: Галиев Г.Б. , Грехов М.М. , Китаева Г.Х. , Климов Е.А. , Клочков А.Н. , Коленцова О.С. , Корниенко В.В. , Кузнецов К.А. , Мальцев П.П. , Пушкарев С.С.
Published: March 2017

Методом терагерцевой спектроскопии временного разрешения исследованы спектр и волновые формы импульсов широкополосного терагерцевого излучения, генерируемых низкотемпературными эпитаксиальными пленками In0.53Ga0.47As при накачке фемтосекундными лазерными импульсами. Пленки In0.53Ga0.47As были получены методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии при температуре 200oC и при различных давлениях мышьяка на подложках InP с ориентацией (100) и впервые на подложках InP с ориентацией (411)A. Исследованы морфология поверхности образцов с помощью атомно-силовой микроскопии и их структурное совершенство с помощью высокоразрешающей рентгеновской дифрактометрии. Обнаружено, что амплитуда терагерцевого излучения от слоев LT-InGaAs на подложках InP (411)A в 3-5 раз больше, чем от таких же слоев на подложках InP (100). DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44201.8312
Температурные зависимости электрических параметров анизотипных гетеропереходов NiO/CdTe
Authors: Пархоменко Г.П. , Солован М.Н. , Мостовой А.И. , Ульяницкий К.С. , Марьянчук П.Д.
Published: March 2017

Изготовлены гетероструктуры NiO/CdTe методом реактивного магнетронного распыления. Измерены вольт-амперные характеристики при различных температурах. Установлено, что основными механизмами токопереноса через гетеропереход NiO/CdTe при прямых смещениях является генерационно-рекомбинационный и туннельный, а при обратных --- туннельный. Гетероструктуры генерируют напряжение холостого хода Voc=0.26 В и ток короткого замыкания Isc=58.7 мкА/см2 при интенсивности освещения 80 мВт/см2. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44207.8360
Многослойные фоточувствительные структуры на основе пористого кремния и соединений редкоземельных элементов: исследования спектральных характеристик
Authors: Кирсанов Н.Ю. , Латухина Н.В. , Лизункова Д.А. , Рогожина Г.А. , Степихова М.В.
Published: March 2017

Исследованы спектральные характеристики коэффициента зеркального отражения, фоточувствительности и фотолюминесценции многослойных структур на основе пористого кремния с ионами редкоземельных элементов. Показано, что фоточувствительность таких структур в диапазоне длин волн 0.4-1.0 мкм повышена по сравнению со структурами без редкоземельных элементов. Структуры с ионами Er3+ проявляют люминесцентные свойства при комнатной температуре в спектральном диапазоне от 1.1 до 1.7 мкм. Спектр фотолюминесценции эрбиевой примеси представлен тонкой структурой линий, отражающих структуру расщепления мультиплета 4I15/2 иона Er3+. Показано, что структуры с пористым слоем на рабочей поверхности имеют значительно более низкий коэффициент отражения во всем измеряемом спектральном диапазоне 0.2-1.0 мкм. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44209.8377
Аномальный магнетизм поверхности нанокристаллических оксидов TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ермаков А.Е. , Уймин М.А. , Королев А.В. , Волегов А.С. , Бызов И.В. , Щеголева Н.Н. , Минин А.С.
Published: March 2017

Выполнены исследования магнитных свойств кислород-дефицитного нанокристаллического недопированного диоксида титана, синтезированного газофазным, электровзрывным и химическим методами. Дефектное состояние контролировалось с помощью восстановительных обработок в вакууме или в среде водорода. Показано, что дефектное состояние поверхности нанокристаллических оксидов (например, наличие вакансий по анионной подрешетке и других дефектов) оказывает доминирующее влияние на формирование магнитных свойств исследуемых образцов. Основные вклады в магнетизм наночастиц TiO2 после восстановительных обработок --- это парамагнитный вклад матрицы, парамагнитный вклад Кюри-Вейсса и вклад спонтанного магнитного момента, обусловленного существованием областей с различным спиновым порядком. Установлено существование гетерогенного магнитного состояния в нанопорошках TiO2; так при низкой температуре обнаружены смещенные петли гистерезиса, как результат возможного набора магнитных состояний с различным спиновым порядком. Показано, что мягкое компактирование или растирание нанопорошков в агатовой ступке, при котором увеличивается только доля контактирующих поверхностей нанопорошков, приводит к существенному росту намагниченности, иногда более чем в 2 раза, независимо от метода синтеза нанопорошков и исходного фазового состояния TiO2 (структура анатаза или рутила). Этот экспериментальный факт доказывает ключевую роль поверхностных дефектов и носителей магнитного момента с различными спиновыми конфигурациями, локализованных в основном на поверхности наночастиц. Изменение намагниченности при компактировании наблюдается только в том случае, когда исходное магнитное состояние имеет нелинейный "квазисуперпарамагнитный" характер кривой намагничивания. В результате, преимущественно, обменного взаимодействия между наночастицами с фрустрированным характером спинового упорядочения на поверхности наночастиц усиливается ферромагнитный вклад при их контакте. Выражаем благодарность Российскому научному фонду за финансовую поддержку исследований (грант N 16-12-10004). Электронно-микроскопические исследования проводились в ЦКП ОЭМ ИФМ УрО РАН. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44154.324
Обнаружение дефектов, связывающих свободные поляроны в окрашенных щелочно-галоидных кристаллах
Authors: Коровкин Е.В.
Published: March 2017

Сделано предположение, что дефектами, связывающими свободные поляроны в окрашенных щелочно-галоидных кристаллах (ЩГК), являются F'-центры, то есть дефекты, тормозящие движение дислокаций (фотопластический эффект). Выполненные эксперименты подтвердили это предположение. Таким образом, анионная вакансия в ЩГК может при низкой температуре удерживать на себе три электрона --- два электрона на глубоком уровне (F'-центр) и еще один электрон в виде связанного поляронного состояния. Он удерживается благодаря выигрышу в энергии при взаимодействии локальной деформации полярона и локальной деформации, окружающей F'-центр, несмотря на наличие кулоновского отталкивания. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44157.107
Динамические и статические свойства негейзенберговского магнетика со сложной межионной анизотропией
Authors: Гореликов Г.А. , Космачев О.А. , Кривцова А.В. , Фридман Ю.А.
Published: March 2017

Исследовано влияние анизотропного обменного взаимодействия на фазовые состояния негейзенберговского ферромагнетика со спином магнитного иона S=1. Показано, что в зависимости от соотношений параметров анизотропного обменного взаимодействия, а также их знака в системе реализуется либо двухосный негейзенберговский магнетик, либо изинговский. Изучены динамические свойства системы в окрестностях ориентационных фазовых переходов, а также фазовых переходов по модулю магнитного момента. Построены фазовые диаграммы системы при различных соотношениях материальных параметров. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проекты N 16-02-00069а и N 16-32-00098 мол\_а). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44159.289
Процессы усталости в триглицинсульфате и влияние на них магнитного поля
Authors: Иванова Е.С. , Петржик Е.А. , Гайнутдинов Р.В. , Лашкова А.К. , Волк Т.Р.
Published: March 2017

Впервые процессы усталости в кристаллах триглицинсульфата исследовались с использованием комбинации электрофизических методов и методов сканирующей зондовой микроскопии. Длительное (> 100 h) воздействие синусоидального поля с частотой 50 Hz и амплитудой 1 kV/cm приводило к резкому уменьшению диэлектрической проницаемости в области фазового перехода и деградации петель гистерезиса P-E (уменьшению спонтанной поляризации, увеличению коэрцитивного и смещающего полей). Изменения диэлектрических свойств сопровождались возрастанием плотности дефектных нанокластеров и расширением спектра их распределения по размерам на поверхности скола (010). Последующая выдержка "уставших" кристаллов в постоянном магнитном поле 2 T в течение 20 min приводила к симметризации петли гистерезиса, что свидетельствует о магнитоиндуцированном изменении структуры дефектов, ответственных за эффекты усталости. Работа частично поддержана Президиумом РАН (программа N I.1П). Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования ЦКП ФНИЦ "Кристаллография и фотоника" РАН при поддержке Минобрнауки. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44168.134
Изменение строения поверхности гетерогенного нанокристаллического тела (песчаника) при трении
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Пономарев А.В. , Соболев Г.А. , Щербаков И.П. , Мамалимов Р.И. , Кулик В.Б. , Патонин А.В.
Published: March 2017

Методами фотолюминесценции и рамановской спектроскопии исследовано строение поверхностного слоя толщиной ~ 30 nm гетерогенного нанокристаллического твердого тела --- песчаника до и после трения. До трения этот слой содержал нанокристаллы кварца, анатаза, полевого шпата и монтмориллонита. Трение вызвало резкое уменьшение концентрации нанокристаллов кварца и полевого шпата. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант N 16-05-00137 ). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44172.319
Теплопроводность кристаллов антимонида галлия в условиях всестороннего сжатия
Authors: Лугуев С.М. , Крамынина Н.Л. , Лугуева Н.В.
Published: March 2017

Экспериментальные исследования теплопроводности монокристаллических и поликристаллических образцов антимонида галлия выполнены абсолютным методом при стационарном тепловом режиме в диапазоне температур 273-423 K и в условиях всестороннего сжатия при давлениях от атмосферного до 0.35 GPa. Выявлены механизмы, ответственные за перенос тепла в указанных условиях. Определен параметр Бриджмена, характеризующий объемную зависимость теплопроводности. Показано, что различие в абсолютной величине коэффициента теплопроводности монокристалла и поликристаллов связано с процессами рассеяния фононов дефектами в приграничных слоях кристаллитов. Установлена корреляция между величиной коэффициента теплопроводности при всестороннем сжатии и изменением фононного спектра и упругой анизотропии кристаллов. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44179.327
Чернила для 2D-печати на основе расслоенного ультразвуком графита
Authors: Шульга Ю.М. , Лобач А.С. , Баскаков С.А. , Конев Д.А. , Лысков Н.В. , Кабачков Е.Н.
Published: March 2017

Описана методика получения чернил для 2D-печати на основе расслоенного ультразвуком графита (РУГ). Установлено, что проводимость пленки, полученной путем микрофильтрации таких чернил, составляет 26.4 S/cm. Приводятся также сведения о морфологии, составе и ИК-спектрах пленки РУГ и их сравнение с аналогичными данными для пленки из восстановленного оксида графена. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44366.16190
Влияние фотоэлектронных процессов в полупроводниковой подложке на адсорбцию поликатионных и полианионных молекул
Authors: Стецюра С.В. , Козловский А.В.
Published: March 2017

Показано, что освещение белым светом при адсорбции полианионных молекул фермента глюкозооксидазы на поверхность структуры p-Si/SiO2/полиэтиленимин приводит к уменьшению поверхностной концентрации молекул фермента в 7 раз, а на поверхность n-Si/SiO2/полиэтиленимин --- к увеличению в 3 раза. Изменение результатов адсорбции при изменении интенсивности облучения объяснены электронными процессами и перезарядкой электронных состояний на границе Si/SiO2 и в SiO2. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.06.44399.16510
Управление положением стабилизированной детонационной волны в сверхзвуковом потоке газовой смеси в плоском канале
Authors: Левин В.А. , Журавская Т.А.
Published: March 2017

Используя детальный кинетический механизм химического взаимодействия, исследована стабилизация детонационной волны в стехиометрической водородно-воздушной смеси, поступающей со сверхзвуковой скоростью в плоский симметричный канал с пережатием. Определены условия, обеспечивающие формирование в канале создающего тягу течения со стабилизированной волной детонации. Исследовано влияние изменения числа Маха входящего потока, запыленности поступающей в канал горючей смеси и размера выходного сечения на положение стабилизированной в потоке детонационной волны с целью повышения эффективности детонационного сжигания газовой смеси. Установлена возможность формирования в канале создающего тягу течения со стабилизированной волной детонации без затрат энергии. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.06.44407.16560
Sorption Characteristics of 137Cs and 90Sr into Rembang and Sumedang Soils
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Dani Yusran , Arofah Nurmaya
Published: March 2017

In order to understand the sorption behavior of 137Cs and 90Sr into soil sample from Rembang and Subang, it is important to estimate the effect of contact time, ionic strength and concentration of metal ion in the solution. For this reason, the interaction of 137Cs and 90Sr with soil sample has been examined. The study performed at trace concentration (~10-8 M) of CsCl and SrCl2, and batch method was used. NaCl has been selected as a representative of the ionic strength with 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 M concentrations. Concentration of 10-8~10-4 M CsCl and SrCl2 were used for study the effect of Cs and Sr concentrations in solution. Apparent distribution coefficient was used to predict the sorption behavior. The sorption equilibrium of 137Cs and 90Sr into soil was attained after 5 days contacted with Kd value around 3300-4200 mL/g, where Kd was defined as the ratio of number of radionuclide activity absorbed in solid phase per-unit mass to the number of radionuclide activity remains is solution per-unit volume. Presence of NaCl as background salt in the solution affected Kd values due to competition among metal ions into soil samples. Increase of Cs or Sr concentration in solution made Kd value decreased drastically. This information is expected could provide an important input for the planning and design of radioactive waste disposal system in Java Island in the future.
Characteristics of Nanosize Spinel NixFe3-xO4 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Using Egg White as Emulsifying Agent
Authors: Situmeang Rudy , Wibowo Sukma , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Supryanto R. , Amalia Rizki , Septanto Mitra , Manurung Posman , Sembiring Simon
Published: March 2017

In this study, sol-gel method using egg white as emulsifying agent was applied to prepare nano size spinel NixFe3-xO4 (with x = 0.2–1). Sample preparation was carried out by mixing the solution of Fe(NO3)3.9 H2O and Ni(NO3)3.6 H2O with egg white, and then the sample was stirred thoroughly using magnetic stirrer. After freeze–drying process, the sample was subjected to calcination treatment and subsequently characterized. The phase composition was evaluated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, followed by quantitative analysis using Rietveld and Debye-Scherrer Methods. The functionality of the sample was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopycoupled with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The results of XRD characterization indicated that materials consist of various crystalline phases, with NiFe2O4 as a major phase. FTIR Analysis revealed the existence of both Lewis and Brønsted–Lowry acid sites, with Lewis acid as the prominent site. The sample was found to display relatively homogeneous surface morphology, having the crystallite size in the range of 33 to 61 nm according to the Debye-Scherrer equation. The EDS data indicated that the ratio of Fe/Ni is in agreement with the composition of the raw materials used.
The Mobilization of Using Cultures and Local Government’s Political-Economy Goals in Post-Reformation Banyuwangi
Authors: Setiawan Ikwan , Tallapessy Albert , Subaharianto Andang
Published: March 2017

This article deals with an ethnic identity-based-power through the mobilization of Using cultures in Banyuwangi under local government policies in post-Reformation. By juxtaposing Foucauldian discourse, Gramscian hegemony, and political economy perspective, we discuss some cultural projects conducted by two Banyuwangi regents in post-Reformation periods, Samsul Hadi (2000-2005) and Abdullah Azwar Anas (2010-2015 and re-elected for 2016-2021 period). With different emphasized aspects, both of them created programs, which incorporated and mobilized Using cultures for accomplishing their political economy goals. Samsul legalized Using cultural expression, such as a local dance and language, as the way to strengthen the dominant-ethnic identity and reach consensus for his political authority. In more sparkling activities, Anas has transformed Using identity into various carnival programs, which, in one side, have supported tourism industry and, in other side, have helped him in gaining consensus for his hegemonic position. However, in the context of real cultural empowerment, those programs have not given positive effect for the cultural worker in the grass root.
DOCKING, SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF 4-(4’-HYDROXY, 3’-METHOXY) PHENYL, BUT-2-ONE-3-ENE, A CURCUMIN ANALOGUE PRECURSOR
Authors: M. Karpakavalli , Kumar Preethi , A. Sanglimuthu , P. Kumar E.
Published: March 2017

Objective: Curcumin, a phytoconstituent of Curcuma longa has pursued the attention of research chemists, as it is found to possess a number of pharmacological activities. Autodock is an automated procedure for predicting the interaction of ligands with biomacromolecular targets. 4-(4’-hydroxy, 3’-methoxy) phenyl, but-2-one-3-ene, a curcumin analog precursor is aimed to be synthesized and tested for anticancer activity.Methods: Autodock software utilized for the prediction of the fruitfulness of the target molecule. The aldol reaction is a powerful means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Aldol condensation of monocarbocyclic aldehyde and the enol form of a 2, 4-diketone in the presence of an organic amine catalyst, the principle is used for the synthesis of said molecule. The invention also relates to the use of the synthesized product for in vivo acute toxicity and in vitro anticancer activity.Results: The synthesized compound was characterized both by physical and spectral data. In acute toxicity study, no mortality and thereby no toxic effect from the compound (500-62.5 µg/ml). Against MCF-7, the test drug exhibited potent cytotoxicity with CTC50 values ranging from 42.0 to 89.0 when tested with drug concentrations ranging from 500-62.5 µg/ml and average CTC50 was 125 µg/ml while with Vero cell line the compound showed mild cytotoxicity.Conclusion: The experiments confirmed the fact of reliability of the synthesized compound 4-(4’-hydroxy, 3’-methoxy) phenyl, but-2-one-3-ene, a curcumin analog precursor for anti-cancer activity.
IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF 5’ FLUO URACIL COATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE
Authors: Shaima Chittakath , Moorthi Puthamohan Vinayaga , Kutty Shaheen Naser
Published: March 2017

Objective: 5’ Fluorouracil (5’FU) loaded chitosan nanoparticle (5FCN) was synthesized and tested for its anticancer activity against Hep G2, the liver cancer cell line.Methods: The morphological characteristic of the 5FCN was visualized in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).Results: The 5FCN revealed an IC50 value of 49.50 µl/ml. The study revealed that the 5FCN exhibited excellent anticancer activity against Hep G2 cell line which can be further studied for its application in cancer treatment.Conclusion: Further studies would be focused onto report the drug release efficiency under different physiological conditions and evaluate them in animal model.
ELEMENTAL PROFILE ANALYSIS OF SOME INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SPICE PLANTS OF, BELLARI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING AAS TECHNIQUE
Authors: Morabad Rajeshwari B. , Patil Sharangouda J.
Published: March 2017

Objective: Karnataka (India) is the darling child of nature where about 722 medicinal plants are available. Ions of different metal elements have an important role in both the reactions. Few elements are essential to the body as nutrients called minerals. Present study deals with trace element analysis was carried out in Ballari district, Karnataka, India.Methods: 0.25g each of the powdered medicinal plant spice seeds samples digested in 6.5 ml of acid solution to study the trace element like Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr in Coriander seeds, Ajwain seeds, Pepper seeds, Cumin seeds and Sweet cumin seeds at ppm levels were figured out by using AAS analysis.Results: Analysed trace mineral contents of these spice plants resulted highest level of Manganese is 1.92 ppm, Ferrous is 3.69 ppm and in Chromium is 0.0980 ppm in Ajwain seeds, Copper is 0.42 ppm in Coriander seeds, Zinc is 3.02 ppm and Cadmium is 0.0070 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds and lowest were found Mn is 0.65 ppm, Fe is 2.43 ppm in Coriander seeds, Cu is 0.15 ppm in Cumin seeds, Zn is 1.64 ppm in Pepper seeds, Cd is 0.0018 in Ajwain seeds and Cr is 0.0669 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds were studied in (n=3 ppm) all the sample selected spice seeds by AAS and suggests that the monitoring of trace elements in these medicinal plants does not exceed the limiting values set by World Health Organization to use it as a medicinal application.Conclusion: These Indian traditional medicinal spice plants can be safely used for food and medicinal purposes.Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Spices, AAS, Trace elements, Microelements
A REVIEW ARTICLE-GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: C. Muhas , P. Naseef P.
Published: March 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and ongoing patient self-management education and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the long-term complications. Moderate to severe maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy has unique diabetes-related risks to mother and her unborn baby. So Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance that is not diabetes that has developed or been discovered for the first time during pregnancy. Approximately 7% of pregnancies are affected by GDM. Patient with GDM are at higher risk for excessive weight gain, preeclampsia, and cesarean sections. Infants born to mothers with GDM are at higher risk for macrosomia, birth trauma, and shoulder dystocia. After delivery, these infants have a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, polycythemia and subsequent obesity and type 2 diabetes. So the management of GDM is very important, and its management remains a challenge for the obstetricians and endocrinologists. MNT is the most common therapy which suffices for GDM, but when required. The pharmacological treatment becomes necessary, and the treatment of choice is human insulin. OHAs have also reached the high tables in the management of GDM. Glyburide and metformin have been found to be safe, effective and economical for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Let us join hands to manage the GDM effectively, not only for the present generation but also for the generations to come.
ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND LIPID LOWERING EFFECTS OF CINNAMOMUM VERUM IN CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS
Authors: Joshi Suresh C. , Jain Pratibha K. , Sharma Priyanka
Published: March 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activity of 70% methanolic crude extract of Cinnamomum verum bark in high cholesterol-fed diet rabbits.Methods: C. verum extract was administered at a dose level of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg (p. o) daily for 120 d to cholesterol-fed rabbits. Lipid profile in serum and histological changes in heart and aorta were investigated. The statistical analysis was carried out by student’s ‘t’test.Results: Plant extract showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, VLDL (P ≤ 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner in treated animals. HDL ratio improved overwhelmingly as well as the marked decline was also noticed in the atherogenic index after administration with C. verum extract. Histopathological examinations demonstrated less cholesterol deposits in the aorta and significant increase in lumen size of coronary arteries of high cholesterol diet animals given C. verum compared to the high cholesterol diet animals not given C. verum supplement.Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts indicated a strong presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins and fatty acids may be responsible for the significant hypolipidaemic as well as antiatherosclerotic activity. Our study exhibited that the methanol extract of C. verum bark is a potent hypolipidaemic agent and decreased cholesterol deposition in the aorta and plaque formation process in the coronary artery of high cholesterol diet animals.
NEUTRACUETICAL EVALUATION OF BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA L.
Authors: G. R. Juna Beegum , S. Sugunan V. , Beevy S. Suhara
Published: March 2017

Objective: Boerhavia diffusa a tropical herb has been a subject of keen interest in phytochemical and pharmacological research due to its excellent medicinal values. The stress and need for quality control and standardisation of medicinal preparations from plants is gaining more importance today in view of the commercialization of drug formulations.Methods: WHO recommends various physicochemical, proximate and nutritive standards so that uniformity in composition and effectiveness is maintained? All the analysis was done using standard protocols.Results: The nutraceutical evaluation of the plant gives an insight into its value as a medicinal as well as highly nutritious one, safe for consumption both as a medicine and as a natural source for antioxidant activities.Conclusion: Thus the present finding suggests that B. diffusa have a promising potential not only to cure ailments but to maintain a healthy life.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER CLASSIFICATION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS
Authors: Hamsagayathri P. , Sampath P.
Published: March 2017

Breast cancer is one of the dangerous cancers among world’s women above 35 y. The breast is made up of lobules that secrete milk and thin milk ducts to carry milk from lobules to the nipple. Breast cancer mostly occurs either in lobules or in milk ducts. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma where it starts from ducts and spreads across the lobules and surrounding tissues. According to the medical survey, each year there are about 125.0 per 100,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 21.5 per 100,000 women due to this disease in the United States. Also, 246,660 new cases of women with cancer are estimated for the year 2016. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor for long-term survival of cancer patients. Classification plays an important role in breast cancer detection and used by researchers to analyse and classify the medical data. In this research work, priority-based decision tree classifier algorithm has been implemented for Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset. This paper analyzes the different decision tree classifier algorithms for Wisconsin original, diagnostic and prognostic dataset using WEKA software. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated against the parameters like accuracy, Kappa statistic, Entropy, RMSE, TP Rate, FP Rate, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, ROC, Specificity, Sensitivity.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ENZYME ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM SOIL
Authors: Powthong Pannapa , Suntornthiticharoen Pattra
Published: March 2017

Objective: Our study was to isolate Bacillus spp. from soil all around 6 geographic parts of Thailand and screen for potential antimicrobial.Methods: A total of 43 isolates which isolated from 100 samples of soil were investigated. Preliminary screening was based on antimicrobial activity against 16 strains of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including 10 strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and 1 strain of Methicillin-sensitivity Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) Escherichia coli, Samonella Typhymurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans respectively by cross streak, agar diffusion and modified microdilution technique. Moreover, the selected Bacillus spp. were then screened for bioactive enzyme, including chitinese, chitosanese, amylase, cellulose, caseinase, gelatinase, esterase and lipase production of different selective media for 24 and 48 h by direct spot agar.Results: There are 2 isolates, namely 23 and 49 showed particularly strong activity inhibitions against MRSA and pathogenic C. albicans. The diameter of hydrolysis zone results from screened for bioactive enzyme revealed that there were 36 isolate showed particularly strong activities with a broad spectrum enzyme. The isolate which produced the widest diameter hydrolysis zone in gelatin, cellulose and starch are 294, 303, and 290 respectively.Conclusion: Our result indicated Bacillus spp. from soil in Thailand showed potent antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds production.
TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF CURCUMIN AGAINST GUT MICROBIOTA-INDUCED ALTERATION IN CHOLINE METABOLISM IN C57BL/6J MICE
Authors: Joshi Himani , Bhandari Uma , Panda Bibhu Prasad
Published: March 2017

Objective: The present study was focused on assessing the antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Providencia rettgeri, a gut microbe, which was further corelated to the effect of curcumin on choline metabolism and its role in preventing atherosclerosis and on the evaluation of potential of curcumin on the inhibition of conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA), and further its conversion to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in liver.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration of curcumin was determined using Cup-plate method. The estimation of trimethylamine was performed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HP-TLC) technique. Estimation of blood serum parameters were performed using kits supplied by Span-diagnostics for estimation of triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. All surgical procedures on animals including blood withdrawal and isolation of livers were carried out in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines.Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration of curcumin was found to be 10 µg/ml. There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the mean triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density and very low-density lipoprotein, along with a significant decrease (p<0.001) in high-density lipoprotein in choline-fed mice. Also, there was significant decrease (p<0.001) in the mean triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density and very low-density lipoprotein, along with a significant increase (p<0.001) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in choline-fed mice treated with curcumin. Further, there was a decrease in the Flavin mono-oxygenase (FMO3) activity in the mice livers treated with curcumin by 21.57%.Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin has the potential to inhibit gut microbiota thus prevention the conversion of choline to trimethylamine, has serum lipid lowering effect in female C57BL/6J mice and has an inhibitory effect on hepatic FMO3 thus preventing the conversion of trimethylamine to trimethylamine-N-oxide.
COMPREHENSIVE MEDICATION MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN A BRAZILIAN SPECIALITY PHARMACY: A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Detoni Kirla Barbosa , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga Do , Oliveira Isabela Viana , Alves Mateus Rodrigues , GonzÁles Manoel Machuca , Oliveira Djenane Ramalho-de-
Published: March 2017

Objective: To understand and describe the implementation process of a comprehensive medication management (CMM) service in a public speciality pharmacy in Brazil.Methods: Ethnographic study conducted over 17 mo (September 2014 to February 2016) in a public speciality pharmacy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve participants. Notes on field journals, resulting from participant observation conducted by the two pharmacists directly responsible for the service implementation, were also used as a source of data.Results: Ten important conditions to improve the success of CMM service implementation were identified: manager support; evaluation of physical and material resources; evaluation of human resources practitioners’ characteristics and knowledge about the theoretical framework of CMM services; time dedicated to CMM services; redefining the work process; defining patient eligibility criteria to CMM service; defining patient flow to CMM service; communication with healthcare team; integration with the staff; and marketing the service internally.Conclusion: The results unveiled by this article can be used by pharmacists and managers as a tool to optimize the implementation of CMM services in different healthcare settings. These conditions do not consist the only aspects necessary to ensure the success of the service; however, they can contribute to optimize the implementation process of the practice
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY; IS THERE A NEED FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION?
Authors: Hebbar Shripad , Kumar Sahan , Amin Sapna , Doizode Sneha
Published: March 2017

Objective: To find the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy and to compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in them with euthyroid mothers.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational case-control study done in a tertiary hospital over the period of one and half years. Pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were tested for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels and those who had TSH>2.5mIU/l, free T3 and free T4 estimation was carried out on the same sample. A total of 171 women could be followed up till delivery and their first-trimester thyroid profile was available for analysis. They were grouped into two groups, Group 1: all women with TSH level>2.5 mIU/l, considered to be hypothyroid (n=79), Group 2: women with euthyroid status with TSH levels 0.1 to 2.5 mIU/l (n=95). All the neonates delivered in the first group had cord blood TSH estimation.Results: In the study period, there were 2632 deliveries. The number of pregnant women with first trimester TSH levels>2.5 mIU/l were 79, giving the prevalence rate of 3 % for subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. The obstetric complications observed were gestational hypertension 3.8%, gestational diabetes 6.3%, placenta praevia1.3% and preterm delivery 7.6%. The perinatal complications included Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) 1.3%, Low Birth Weight (LBW) 3.8%, perinatal asphyxia 2.5% and neonatal hypothyroidism 1.3%. Only preterm delivery appeared to be significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusion: The observed complication rates were much similar, in fact, lesser with gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, IUGR, LBW compared to global and Indian prevalence rates. This indicates that the cut-off for diagnosing subclinical hypothyroidism should be derived from TSH assays from the local geographic population and should guide the treating physician to establish appropriate TSH ranges where definite therapeutic intervention is required to improve the maternal and foetal outcome.
PENGARUH KADAR KARBON PADA PROSES GASIFIKASI
Authors: Riza Abrar , Bindar Yazid , Susanto Herri , Sasongko Dwiwahdju
Published: March 2017

Investigasi proses gasifikasi dilakukan dengan pemodelan termodinamik. Kuantifikasi unjuk kerja proses gasifikasi  dinyatakan dengan kadar H2 dan kadar CO dalam gas produser, temperatur dan efisiensi termal. Investigasi pengaruh kadar karbon terhadap unjuk kerja proses gasifikasi dilakukan dengan simulasi menggunakan batubara: lignit, bituminus dan antrasit. Ketiga jenis batubara diharapkan mewakili tingkatan kadar karbon. Kajian termodinamika digunakan sebagai piranti prediksi kinerja gasifikasi dan dapat melihat efek berbagai faktor secara cepat. Penyimpangan kinerja gasifier aktual terhadap hasil prediksi termodinamika sering ditemui dan biasanya dianggap sebagai akibat faktor-faktor teknis yang berhubungan dengan laju proses, misalnya pengontakan partikel dengan medium gasifikasi. Pada makalah ini, kajian termodinamika disempurnakan dengan melibatkan pemodelan dekomposisi batubara yang sangat tergantung pada jenis batubara dalam hal ini mewakili kadar karbon. Harapannya, pengabungan model dekomposisi batubara yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini dan model kesetimbangan reaksi konvensional menghasilkan kajian termodinamika yang lebih rasional. Hasil dari kajian termodinamika digunakan sebagai piranti prediksi kinerja gasifikasi dengan mempertimbangkan kadar karbon batubara. Fraksi mol gas hidrogen maksimum yang dihasilkan lignit lebih tinggi daripada antrasit dan bituminus, berturut-turut 0,43 dan 0,25. Fraksi mol maksimum gas hidrogen dari lignit berada pada laju udara/batubara sekitar 1,2 kg/kg sedangkan antrasit dan bituminus berada pada sekitar 3 kg/kg. Temperatur proses gasifikasi, seperti diduga sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis batubara. Sesuai dengan kadar H2, temperatur gasifikasi  sebaiknya dijaga sekitar 1000 oC (Ru = 2,4 dan 4 berturut-turut untuk batubara lignit, antrasit dan bituminus). Keuntungan pada temperatur sekitar 1000 oC, tar secara praktis sudah terdekomposisi lebih lanjut, sehingga gas produser hanya sedikit mengandung tar.
STUDI KUAT TEKAN MATERIAL PASIR BERBAHAN CAMPUR SAMPAH KACA DAN PLASTIK RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Maulana Taufiq Ilham
Published: March 2017

Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil sampah terbesar di Indonesia. Sampah menjadi masalah apabila tidak dapat diuraikan dan menimbulkan masalah derivatif lainnya. Sampah non-organik yang umum berada di Indonesia adalah sampah plastik dan kaca. Dalam penelitian ini, diusulkan alternatif pengurangan sampah rumah tangga berupa plastik dan kaca untuk dijadikan material dengan campuran tanah dan diuji kuat tekannya. Pengujian dilakukan untuk melihat berat jenis dan kuat tekan sampel. Sampel yang dibuat masing-masing berjumlah 3 dengan ukuran kubus dengan sisi 50 mm. Variasi perbandingan campuran sampel plastik : kaca : tanah berturut-turut adalah 1:0,5:2,5 ; 1:1:2; 1:1,5:1,5; dan 1:2:1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan maksimal yang diraih adalah 14,33 MPa dengan perbandingan 1:0,5:2,5 dengan kegagalan sampel berupa retak diikuti pengelupasan agregat dan dengan penambahan kaca dan pengurangan tanah akan meningkatkan berat jenis tetapi menurunkan kuat tekan. Penelitian ini tidak menargetkan kuat tekan, tetapi memberikan alternatif pengurangan sampah selain menggunakan daur ulang.
Baseline Parametric Survey on Causes of Traffic Congestion in Datacenter Networks
Authors: Okoye J.A. , Achumba I.E. , Okafor K.C. , Oparaku O.U.
Published: March 2017

Distributed cloud datacenters are currently used as deployment environment for large-scale web-facing enterprise analytic cloud applications. In the era of cloud computing, these networks allow unprecedented scalability in response to dynamic and unpredictable grid workloads. However, grid applications need to scale beyond the limits of single-tenanted datacenter to multi-tenanted datacenter sites providing regulatory service level compliance, efficient Quality of Service (QoS) and increased fault tolerance at all times. Following the complex hierarchical design structure of emerging cloud networks such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Fog Computing Networks (FCNs), congestion crisis becomes a critical consideration for future expansion of these networks. This paper carried out a Baseline Parametric Survey (BPS) to ascertain major factors of DCN traffic congestion in selected production networks in Nigeria. From the survey, it was observed that the absence of an intelligent load balancer, bandwidth size, network traffic type, and network switch butter capacity, number of users on the network, segmentation and routing devices all contribute to network congestion incidence. The deductions from this work can be used to implement a Fog internet layer for smarter data off-loading in today’s internet of everything.
Investigation of Power Transients in 45 Channel DWDM Ring Optical Network
Authors: Kaur Dalveer , Sharma Vikrant
Published: March 2017

Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are most commonly used in optical networks for the most assorted applications. The fast power transient effect of the cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in 45 channels optical ring network is investigated. The power transient effect of EDFA’s are observed when channels are added and dropped. It is shown that, for low channel adding/dropping frequency closed to EDFA transient rate, the transmission performances of the surviving channels are impaired severely. And also ring laser configuration technique has been reported to mitigate the effect of power transients. Optsim simulation was utilized for simulation of the designed DWDM OADM ring network.