bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rock Specimens Destruction Regularities under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Makeeva Tamara , Trofimov Vitaly
Published: November 2019

Modern approach to the stress-strain state assessment of a mining structure design, especially when it is non-linearly deformed and areas of local destruction appear, should be based on the principle of step-by-step loading in the form of small increments of the loading factor. At each such step, due to fracture, the deformation properties of the materials composing the region change, forming a generally non-uniform and, possibly, non-linear deformation medium. The modelling results of the rock massif state within this approach may differ significantly from the results for one-step loading, which is usually used in researches.

The article discusses the use of an iterative process of loading and destruction as applied to the simplest design, namely, for one-dimensional loading of a homogeneous rock specimen. It is shown that under the “rigid” loading conditions, the described approach makes it possible to simulate the characteristic features of damage localization in the sample and the nonlinear nature of the deformation as a whole, including post failure deformation.
Way of Simulating of Seismic Impacts on Building and Structures
Authors: Abovyan Avetik
Published: November 2019

The article includes the method of simulating of seismic impact to structures by system of vibration directional machines. Essence of the method concludes in reproducing of powerful vibrating machines in the different stores of the structure where oscillation characteristics are selected based on the spectrum of acceleration of the earthquake and so that the values of the inertial forces arising in the structure during their operation are equal to the true values of seismic forces which arise during the same earthquake. The offered method gives an opportunity for modeling of the stress-strain stain of the structure is taking place during the earthquakes without moving its foundation.
Stress-strain state of a reinforced stepped bimodular column
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey , Kadomtseva Elena , Strelnikov Grigory , Shabanov Yaroslav
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the reinforced stepped column under the action of forces applied along its axis. The column is clamped at the ends and made of a bimodular material, that is, a material having different elastic moduli in tension and compression. Formulas for normal stresses are obtained, depending on the mechanical characteristics of the column material, the geometrical values of the column, and the reinforcement bars. Numerical calculations were carried out for a column made of fibro-foam concrete, in which the elastic modulus of tensile strength is greater than the elastic modulus of compression. The influence of different modulus of the material on the stressed state of the column in the compressed and stretched parts was investigated. The graphs of the normal stresses as a function of the number of reinforcement bars of the stretched zone with a constant number of reinforcement bars in the compressed zone with and without bimodularity are given. It is shown that in some cases normal tensile stresses without bimodularity are 46% less than with bimodularity, and compressive normal stresses are 29% more than with bimodularity.
Rectangular Section Model for Analysis of the Resistance of Eccentrically Compressed Masonry Structures
Authors: Lechman Marek
Published: November 2019

The paper presents section model for analysis of the resistance of masonry structures with rectangle cross-section subjected to the eccentric compression. The nonlinear stress-strain relationship for masonry in compression is assumed taking into account the effect of masonry softening. The formulae for normalized ultimate axial force and nmu
and bending moment mmu
are derived in the analytical form by integrating the cross-sectional equilibrium equations. The calculated results are presented in the form of interaction diagrams and compared with those based on the parabola-rectangle diagram for masonry in compression. It has been shown that the section resistance is strongly influenced by the masonry softening and depends on the limiting value εmu
for masonry in compression.
Dynamics of Structural Materials Destruction - The Initial Stage
Authors: Vasileva Olga
Published: November 2019

We consider a mathematical model of the initial stage of the process of destruction of structural material. The mathematical model is the initial boundary value problem for the system of four partial differential equations of the fourth order. This is a system of equations for functions of the temperature, the velocity, the enthalpy and the destruction parameter. For the different values of parameters, the results of numerical investigation of temporal cross-sections of all dimensionless variables are presented and discussed.
Discrete-Continual Finite Element Method for Semianalytical Analysis of Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation. Part 2: Discrete-Continual Formulation of the Problem, Numerical Samples
Authors: Mozgaleva Marina L. , Aslami Mojtaba , Akimov Pavel A.
Published: November 2019

This paper is devoted to application of discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM) for semianalytical solution of problems of analysis of plates on two-parameter elastic foundation. Corresponding resultant multipoint boundary problem for system of ordinary differential equations of the first order with piecewise-constant coefficients is presented. Numerous samples of problems of structural mechanics have been considered. These samples allow demonstration of some advantages of application of the suggested approach to semianalytical analysis of plates on elastic foundation.
Attempt to Assess the Scope of Applicability of a Hyperelastic Murnaghan’s Material Model in the Case of Elastomers
Authors: Jemiolo Stanislaw , Franus Aleksander , Domanski Wlodzimierz
Published: November 2019

In this work, we use the MCMV slightly compressible hyperelastic constitutive model of rubber-like materials that was proposed in the authors’ work and implemented in the MES ABAQUS / Standard program. The stored energy function of the MCMV model is approximated by polynomials relative to the Lagrange strain tensor, attempting to evaluate the scope of applicability of Murnaghan’s models in the boundary-value problem of statics. We analyze in detail the homogeneous deformation problems. The point is to determine the approximate range of deformation, in which we get similar results of the problems mentioned, using the MCMV material model and its approximation.
Yield Criterion for Concrete Formed From the Deviatoric and Meridional Shape Functions
Authors: Szwed Aleksander
Published: November 2019

Design of yield criterion for concrete using the deviatoric and meridional section shape functions is presented. For the deviatoric section, Podgórski type shape functions are applied and discussed, while for the meridians Cassini’s oval is considered. Derivation of the shape functions with determination of free parameters using typical experimental test is shown. Comparison with empirical data for concrete is given. The proposed approach is a quite general tool in development of failure criteria for frictional and brittle materials.
Influence of Chloride Corrosion on Probabilistic Assessment of Bearing Capacity of Beamless Slabs Overlap
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot G. , Mineev Michael S. , Zhukova Lyudmila I.
Published: November 2019

The impact of aggressive environment on reinforced concrete beamless slabs leads to corrosion in the structure. This significantly affects the safety, durability and usability of buildings and structures. The bearing capacity of the construction of the beamless slab decreases with time. The more corroded the section of reinforcement in concrete, the greater the likelihood that the destruction of the reinforced concrete slab will occur earlier than the maximum service life of the structure. Various states of the design of a beamless slab in time, affecting the reliability of the structure, are considered. The destruction of the protective layer of concrete and the reduction of the diameter of the working reinforcement significantly affect the bearing capacity and reliability of the beamless slab. Reducing the area of working reinforcement and increasing the volume of corrosion products is an important parameter. The model of steel reinforcement weight loss over time is analysed. The dependence of the increase in the weight of corrosion products over time is revealed, and it is calculated that after 35 years with a complete loss of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete in the structure, the weight of the corrosion products will be 15% of the total mass of steel reinforcement. According to the results of the calculation, it was obtained that during the operation of a reinforced concrete beamless slab in a slightly aggressive environment under chloride corrosion, destruction will occur after 38 years if measures are not taken to inspect and repair it. These values are used for a probabilistic assessment of the effect of corrosion on the bearing capacity of the structure data.
Technology of Manufacturing Connections on Steel Rods Glued into Wood
Authors: Ospanova Zhumabike , Aruova Liazat , Dauzhanov Nabi , Alibekova Nurgul , Gordienko Boris
Published: November 2019

In modern construction, glued wood is used mainly by Scandinavian countries, Canada, the USA and Russia. It is rational to use glued wood not only in low-rise housing construction, but also as supporting and protecting structures of large-span public buildings. Large-span glued wooden structures have become popular in modern construction and are widely used for public buildings with spans of 18 meters or more. In the practice of building Western countries with significant reserves of wood, sports facilities, exhibition halls, cinemas and other entertainment buildings are being built from glued wood. According to the condition of transportation, a lengthy beam, frame or truss must be made of two or three elements, and then connected at the construction site into a single structure. The use of mechanical fasteners in the form of bolts is not always possible due to significant compliance, including due to thermal expansion of the metal in a harshly continental climate, for example, in Kazakhstan and under fire safety conditions, when metal parts quickly lose their bearing capacity. Significant deformations occurring in the nodes can cause a redistribution of forces in the elements and as a result lead to the destruction of the structure. To create a durable rigid joint of glued wood constructions, the joints on the reinforcing rods glued under the inclinations to the fibers are used, which, as practice shows, ensure high reliability, durability and low compliance. This article discusses the technology of gluing reinforcing rods into wood to solve large-span structures and their welding. On the basis of experimental scientific studies, the sequence of the necessary technological processes for obtaining a durable, reliable and high-quality glue joint between the rod and wood and the possibility of welding the reinforcing rods glued to the wood with a connecting piece are shown. In this study, various variants of the joints of maple structures, where it is possible to use the welding of its elements, are carried out.
Studies of Structures of Gates in Hydraulic Engineering
Authors: Balzannikov Mikhail
Published: November 2019

The article reveals the complex nature of the gates provided in water discharge installations of hydropower units to adjust the flow of water into the downstream bay. There are strict requirements for their reliable and safe work, for gaining the complete culvert closure and allowing passing a calculated water flow during the flood period. In order to more efficiently implement these requirements, technical solutions on the improvement of the shutters’ design are constantly developed. The results of studies of such new structures are given. The task of the present research is to identify the most common approaches to shutter improvement. In the result of the study, the following most widespread methods of improving shutters design are identified: 1) development of efficient geometric forms of shutters and their parts; 2) development of efficient design of the auxiliary elements of shuttering devices; 3) increase of dynamism degree for the structural elements of the shutter; 4) parts size reduction, repeated use of smaller elements. Examples of these methods are provided. The results of this research are recommended for use at practical activities to further improve the gate of hydraulic structures.
Innovative Technologies in Construction Sector that Meet Criteria of Sustainable Development
Authors: Weglarz Arkadiusz , Gilewski Pawel
Published: November 2019

In the changing world, the construction sector undergoes significant changes. New innovative technologies must be introduced, so this sector meets the requirements of sustainable development. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of various aspects of methods and techniques that when applied help to achieve the ambitious goals in terms of sustainability. Those aspects are methods applied to the support the design process of buildings, innovative building materials, modern installation systems, building management systems, and systems for managing the process of building operation.
FRP-Strengthening of Stretched Parts of Structural Elements by Cascade Multilayer Method
Authors: Danilov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The purpose of research is the analysis of applicability and effectiveness of cascade type multilayer models in design of structural elements strengthening by gluing on their surfaces fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Materials and methods: variants of using the FRP-reinforcement for stretched and bent elements with application of FEM simulation and analytic approach. A number of diagrams and tables represent the results. Design examples include the analysis of the adhesive joints application to attach FRP elements. Results are: justification of an efficient and cost-effective method of strengthening the stretched and/or bent elements to increase their bearing capacity reserves, the features of the bonded joint behavior, the equations and formulae for analysis and design. Analytical expressions are obtained and presented for designing the cascade strengthening schemes. Conclusions: the expression “cascade” reflects the features of the proposed strengthening layout, the reinforced (base) element unloading progress gradually along its length with each successive reinforcement element (strengthener) attached. The results suggest the possibility of effective use of adhesive joints to strengthen rather strong, including steel, elements. The cascade method allows to diminish the strength level of applied materials, thereby reducing the cost of reinforcement structures and increases the safety level of the reinforcement structure.
Optimization of Atrium Geometry in an Office Building in Terms of Daylighting - a Case Study
Authors: Iringova Agnes
Published: November 2019

The importance of daylighting in the design of microclimate for work and living spaces. Legislation and legislative requirements for daylighting and combined lighting of workspaces in Slovakia. Theoretical analysis of physical determinants affecting the function, geometrical design, and location of atria in buildings in terms of optimizing the light comfort in work and relax spaces. Exterior atria and their dimensions considering the boundary conditions of the site. Optimizing atria geometry depending on its function and location in terms of daylight distribution. Influence of the atrium height and self-shading on the daylight distribution in workspaces. Daylight intensity and evenness in the offices with windows facing exterior atria - model solutions. Designing atrium geometry for an office building considering microclimate optimization and light comfort in spaces for work and relax in terms of safety and energy efficiency - a solution example.
Determination of Stress Concentration Coefficient in Anchors’ Area of Composite Span Structures of Road Bridges
Authors: Mironov Andrey , Garanzha Igor , Vershinin V.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of analysis of the stress-strain state of a five-span composite structure of a road bridge, made on a beam unbroken circuit. The calculation is performed in the LIRA program complex under the elastic work of materials on the action of shearing and tearing forces. The main purpose of the work was to determine the coefficient of stress concentration coefficient (SCC) in the zone of rigid anchors for concrete slabs of the roadway. For this purpose, a section of a plate with a metal beam and unifying elements was modeled, broken down into small volumetric and lamellar bodies. This allowed us to analyze in detail the nature of the distribution of normal stresses along the height and length of the span structure. The obtained coefficient can be used when calculating the existing designs for endurance and strength, and also when determining the residual life of bridge structures to predict their service life.
3D Finite Element Stress Analysis of Reinforced Double-Tapered Glulam Beams
Authors: Sabouni-Zawadzka Anna Al , Gilewski Wojciech , Pelczynski Jan , Skowronska Malgorzata
Published: November 2019

The paper is dedicated to the stress analysis in reinforced double-tapered glulam beams within 3D computational model of orthotropic linear elasticity theory. Standard Eurocode design recommendations are the reference data to the finite element results. The results are presented for beams with a single and double line of reinforcement and compared with a non-reinforced beam. 3D elasticity model is an underestimation in comparison to the equivalent 2D model. Qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the influence of reinforcements for the stress state of the beam is possible within a 3D finite element model. The proposed technique is especially recommended to estimate reduction of perpendicular to grain stress for a double line reinforcement in glulam beams.
Experimental Methods of One-floor Steel Constructions’ Seismic Stability – Analysis of Results
Authors: Olfati Rahmanuddin , Alekseev Sergei , Obodnikov Vyacheslav
Published: November 2019

The article discusses several particularly significant questions related to seismic stability of steel frames. The tests produce the result of steel frame endurance under different loads, implying the condition of structure’s weakening. The paper presents the study of natural seismic noise indices fluctuations, displacement amplitude, noise decrease under various designs and implication of the dynamic loads. The issue of the impact made on the dynamic characteristic of changes are represented in the article’s sections, as well as the review of possible experimental methods of determining the endurance of the frames under seismic loads. The paper represents the empirical study of artificially damaged steel frames performance under the dynamic load, calculation of the extent of steel frame joints displacement, the degree of changes under natural and artificial seismic noise with load implication. The work aims at objective conclusion of frame performance, and states that loads and artificial damages modeling produces ineffective results for estimating the performance of frames in real/natural conditions, due to the fact that the effect made by frame’s connection nodes and the base was not taken into consideration. The paper implies further research in the area, with regard to the joint functioning of the foundation base and the frame under the dynamic load.
Building Model of Behaviour of Concrete Under Load
Authors: Varlamov A. A. , Rimshin V. I , Norec A. I. , Davydova A. M.
Published: November 2019

The proposed new theory “theory of degradation”. The theory allows to define a curve of the behaviour of concrete. Conducted experimental research with the aim of charting the concrete for comparison with a new theory. The paper presents analysis of experimental data. Diagram of concrete is built according to
εb.short
= εb.el
+ εb.pl
+ εc.el

. Experiments for each part of the equations has been treated and constructed statistical dependence. The dependences obtained were the basis for building graphs and comparing them with charts of the theory of degradation
Selected Problems of Heat Transfer Measuring by Hotbox Apparatus in Climate Chambers
Authors: Ponechal Radoslav , Juras Peter
Published: November 2019

Hotbox measurements are used for obtaining U-values of homogenous or non-homogenous samples in climate chambers for some time. With constant increase of the thermal resistance and lowering the thermal loss arise the problem of these measurements. This is caused by the limited minimal wattage of the hotbox. This paper deals with the measurement in climate chamber, which purpose was to made calibration of the chamber and various measurements equipment. The calibration was made with usage of sample with high thermal resistance, extruded polystyrene. Described problems are chamber and hotbox limitation, sensors accuracy and high thermal resistance of the sample.
Stress-strain Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with Carbon Fibre
Authors: Panfilov Denis , Zhiltsov Yuriy , Pischulev Alexander
Published: November 2019

The paper presents results in experimental studies of a reinforced concrete beam strengthened in the upper and lower zones as well as with carbon fibre-based composite material. The authors consider the current practice of using carbon fibre as part of strengthening concrete structures, the current regulatory documents of using carbon fibre in the Russian Federation, regulatory documents containing information on strength and stress-strain properties of carbon fibre. The paper provides information on loading scheme, beam support conditions, the geometry of a reinforced concrete beam, physical properties of concrete and reinforcement of a sample; technical specifications of elements strengthened with carbon fibre. The results are presented by a curve of structural deflection under load in the conditions where the beam is tested without cracks and with cracks before reinforcement, and also with reinforcement. The studies presented in the paper show that the use of carbon fibre as reinforcement of bending structures allows us to increase the bearing capacity, rigidity and crack resistance of bending reinforced concrete elements.
Variant Design of Metal Dome Frame
Authors: Alpatov Vadim , Saharov Andrey
Published: November 2019

There are proposals for a reasonable choice of a cost-effective version of the metal frame of the dome. The selection is made from a limited number of alternative designs. Variants of designs differing from each other in the framework scheme. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of the options is made according to the cost of construction. Total cost is defined as the sum of the cost of manufacturing the structure and the cost of the materials from which the structure is made. The cost of manufacturing the design has been proposed to be determined according to the method of Professor Ya.M Likhtarnikov’s. The results of the calculation of the labour-consumption and cost of manufacture for the three variants of metal domes are presented. The definition of cost for three options of projects is presented and their comparison is made. A method for choosing the most effective option is presented.
Research of Road Pavement Survey Process Using Georadiolocation
Authors: Dormidontova Tatiana , Filatova Anastasia
Published: November 2019

The authors of this paper carried out a survey of road pavement and analyzed the need for such survey. The research was conducted using an operating facility as an example. In this paper, the decisions are grounded, the survey stages are described. Mobile methods of non-destructive control for road structures diagnostics are of particular importance at the moment. As a part of this research, the tasks related to determining the thickness of structural layers, the uniformity of materials, and the detection of voids under the auto-road surfacing were solved. The results of diagnostics and quality control of road-building works, as well as georadiolocation (GPR) technologies, are considered in detail. The results of tests of different GPR models and the economic efficiency of their use in road industry are described. The test results are illustrated with radarograms. The result of the GPR study of an auto-road section is presented. The results of the work showed that GPR research methods as a part of the survey allow reasonably planning and carrying out measures to eliminate and prevent various types of subsidence and road surfacing destruction, as well as to assess the nature and extent of the negative processes development. With the timely elimination of these problems, major damage and subsequent costly repairs can be avoided. Having compared the most significant factors, the authors make the conclusion that the method under research has got advantages, which are high efficiency and high capacity.
Design of Base and Foundation for the Earthquake-Resistant Building
Authors: Barmenkova Elena
Published: November 2019

The article presents the design of base and foundation for the earthquake-resistant 5-9-storey building of rigid structural system. The main technical idea is to exclude the most destructive components of seismic effects, which are transmitted to the lateral vertical walls of basements and foundations, and to reduce the interaction forces of the foundation soils on the foundation. The design of earthquake-resistant base and foundation includes a solid reinforced concrete foundation slab with criss-cross strips, freely supported on an intermediate sandy cushion, which separates the soils from the foundation slab, and the channels around the foundation.
Creep of Clayey Soil with Kinematic Shear, Taking into Account Internal Friction, Adhesion and Viscous Resistance
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Zaven , Ter-Martirosyan Armen , Ermoshina Lyubov
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the ultimate shear resistance of clayey soil during kinematic shear (γ
1>γ
2>γ
3>γ
4), which are necessary for a quantitative assessment of the effect of shear rate on the magnitude of the ultimate shear resistance. It is shown that this effect is due to the viscous resistance of water-colloidal bonds between particles. Structural adhesion and Coulomb friction does not depend on the shear rate. A new rheological equation has been obtained, which makes it possible to describe the kinematic shear process at various compressive loads (σ) and shear rates (γ), with high accuracy, including the dependence of the ultimate shear resistance on the logarithm of the shear rate (Inγ). In this case, the shear resistance in the kinematic shear process grows more slowly than when describing the shear using the Maxwell model.
Bentonite Grout Backfill Technology for Underground Structures
Authors: Sokova Serafima , Smirnova Nadezhda
Published: November 2019

The article presents the basic methods of the most effective durable solution for the restoration of underground waterproofing of the structures in use, which are in impossible conditions for the application of outdoor protection. New types of resistance to aggressive environments of mineral waterproofing are considered, along with the technological scheme for the work. In addition, organizational methods have been developed for hydro protection of building structures. This technology can be applied from the basement of buildings in operation and be implemented at any time of the year. The proposed modern materials and technological solutions for the protection of underground structures of buildings were confirmed by the authors using an analysis carried out using the mathematical apparatus. Creating protection of premises against leaks from the mineral composition allows to increase the durability of the building itself, to ensure the normal operation of equipment and monitoring devices of the stations, as well as comfortable conditions for staff. Technological maps for the device of a new type of filling waterproofing have been developed, allowing to carry out and monitor all technological processes for operations.
Heat-resistant Binders Synthesis with Application of Alumina-containing and High-alumina Waste
Authors: Alexey Khlystov , Vladimir Shirokov , Dmitry Isaev , Vyacheslav Suldin
Published: November 2019

The article presents various methods for producing mixed heat-resistant binders able to harden in air at normal temperature. The processes of binders synthesis based on hydraulic cements and inorganic refractory industrial waste: aluminium-chromium petrochemical waste and expanded clay dust are considered to create high-temperature heat-resistant binders and concretes based on them. Light concretes with porous aggregates are offered to obtain a highly porous refractory material of air hardening.
Features of the Heat Engineering Calculation of the Enclosing Structures Industrial Buildings Operated in a Variable Thermal Conditions
Authors: Vytchikov Yury , Saparyov Mikhail , Kostuganov Arman
Published: November 2019

In recent years’ special attention has been paid to energy conservation. The need to reduce the consumption of mineral raw materials and fossil organic fuel is primarily associated with a reduction their reserves and, consequently, a constant increase in the cost. Therefore, a very actual task is to reduce the energy costs for heating and ventilation of industrial enterprises. The use of on duty heating during the non-working period can significantly increase the energy efficiency of an industrial building. On the basis the thermal regime of an industrial building, considered in the article, is shown the need to develop an engineering method for calculating the process of non-stationary heat transfer in buildings operated with a stand-by heating mode. This article presents the method of heat engineering calculation of building enclosing structures used in buildings with variable power of the heating system, which allows to determine the minimum allowable thickness of insulation from the condition of limiting the heating time of the outer wall. An example of the design calculation of the wall sandwich panel an industrial building is considered. An assessment of the specific energy consumption for heating external walls was made. A study conducted by the authors, allows to determine the range of thickness the enclosing structures, operated in conditions of a variable thermal regime.
Value Engineering in Construction as Synthesis of Methodology of Investment Flows Management and Price Formation
Authors: Lazareva Natalia , Kochenkova Elizaveta
Published: November 2019

Due to modern worldwide practice and investment construction and price formation analysis the necessity of application of value engineering methods is becoming as never justified at all the hierarchy levels of construction. The purpose of the work is to get a theoretical base of value engineering, which means to work out some quality model of running an investment-construction project cost-effectively, corresponding to the internal and external influences on the investment-construction activity and ensuring the ideals of the sustainability through the balance of the investment flows in the investment-construction field. Literature sources analysis are carried out to implement the goal. Methods of the system analysis and management, comparison, expert evaluation are used. Sufficient methodical base is presented in the article. The investment-construction structure is described with modern scientists’ works, the connections and correlations between the planning, financing and pricing subsystems are presented, the influence of these subsystems on the building construction subsystem is set out in the article. The investment flows are described through the structure and developed balance of the investment flows in the investment-construction field with a mathematical model. In the conclusion the necessity of application of the value engineering methods in the investment-construction field is justified and a mathematical model of synthesis of price formation and investment flows management, which is considered a theoretical base of value engineering, is formed.
Choice of the Rational Option of the Organizational and Technological Decision, Taking into Account the Exposure of Random Factors
Authors: Sborshchikov Sergey , Maslova Lyubov , Lazareva Natalia , Shinkareva Galina
Published: November 2019

Nowadays with investment lack and degradation of the traditional contracting form of construction the use of project-based management allows to implement investment and construction projects under the fixed time and cost constraints using the development of rational management decisions. The use of method of limited resources distribution based on priority of works and costs to compensate the negative impact of random factors during scheduling and feasibility studies of investment projects contributes to a more efficient use of allocated resources for the construction of units and more accurate planning of expenses. The authors give necessity evaluation of the implementation of comprehensive engineering support of investment and construction projects throughout the life cycle with maximum responsibility of the construction company to the customer under the highest concentration of managerial authority.
The Value of a Building – Decision Analysis
Authors: Podworna Monika , Sniady Pawel
Published: November 2019

The paper involves the procedure and the decision-making trees in determining reconstruction value of a building for prior decision analysis. In the work, there is used the normative model of decision-making, including uncertainty according to the Bayesian theory.
Influence of Geometrical Parameters of the Cross Section, Strength and Deformability of the Materials Used on Stress-strain State of Three-layered Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Tho Vu Dinh , Korol Elena Anatonievna
Published: November 2019

New concrete materials and their structures are increasingly diverse, so it requires extensive methods of calculating reinforced concrete structures, including multi-layered reinforced concrete structures. For usage in the practice of modern construction of multilayer structures made of concrete with different physic-mechanical characteristics, it is compulsory to conduct numerical studies of the stress-strain state of these structures under different types of loading. This paper analyzes the effect of cross section and concrete materials for the stress-strain state of three-layered reinforced concrete with light weight concrete in the internal layer and heavy concrete in the external layers. The analysis was carried out on three-layer beam samples with thickness 250mm, external layers of heavy concrete B12.5, B15, B20, B25 and the thickness from 40mm to 120mm; and internal layer from lightweight concrete - polystyrene concrete B0.5, B0.75, B1 and B1.5. The results of the study indicate that when the height and material of the extern layer changes, it greatly affects the stress and deformation state of the three-layer beam under the different loads. The obtained scientific results enable to determine rational parameters about geometric cross-section and materials used for various structural solutions of multilayer reinforced concrete structures. This would limit the number of actual test samples, increasing the efficiency of the experiments and practical production of three-layer structures.
Formal Expert Examination of Materials and Structures in Order to Assess the Possibility of Their Re-use
Authors: Bocharov Alexey Yu. , Gordeeva Tatiana E. , Spirina Ekaterina S.
Published: November 2019

The re-use of materials, structures and their elements in the construction of buildings and structures of various responsibilities is dictated by the need to reduce the cost of the final product. Quite often, the end consumer (that is the owner) does not even realise that re-used materials were apploed for the construction of the object. The global task in this case is the established possibility of such application through a safety perspective. This requires the examination of materials and structures in order to assess the possibility of their re-use. In this study, the authors develop a methodical approach to such examinations, based on the existing normative-technical regulations. They also take into account their experience in inspection of materials and structures of re-used pipe piles in building construction.
Nomenclature of Works and Costs for Ensuring the Quality of Construction Products. Identification Methods.
Authors: Zhuravlev Pavel , Bachus Evgeniy , Markova Irina
Published: November 2019

The issue of quality control of construction products requires close attention in the paradigm of modern management, focusing on this aspect of it — the costs of investment and construction activities and their impact on the performance of the corporate level, identifying those groups of costs for ensuring the quality of construction products that can be foreseen and excluded. Within the framework of modern economic concepts, it is very difficult to verify the concept of costs of ensuring product quality (including construction), because in one way or another all activities related to the production of products are related to its quality. This fact makes it difficult to accurately define the concept of the cost of ensuring product quality, since there is no difference between the costs of ensuring product quality and the costs of other activities. The article addresses the need to form a common system of methods, criteria, indicators for assessing the cost of quality assurance, as well as organizational structures for making organizational and technological decisions to ensure the quality of construction and regulatory and analytical support for this kind of activity at the corporate level.
Influence of the Inlet Size on the Natural Ventilation System Operation in a Residential Multi-storey Building
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Agakhanova Kaminat
Published: November 2019

When equipping the buildings with tight windows, the designers are required to take into account the aerodynamic resistance of the supply devices. The apartment plans, which became much more complicated over the past twenty years, resulted in increasing the number of prefabricated ducts of natural exhaust ventilation systems in each apartment of a residential house. Aerodynamic calculations of each exhaust system shall consider the ventilation paths starting from the outside air in the supply unit of a living room and ending above the exhaust shaft of the system. The results were obtained on the basis of the air mode calculations of the building as a whole. In this article, the calculation of the building air mode has been carried out by the iterative method. The object of the study was a section of a residential building with 18 residential floors equipped with natural ventilation systems. The article considers two options of the air inflow: through the swing-out window sash with 0.231 m2 open area and through the supply valves in each room of the apartment with 0.0036 m2 live section of one valve. It has been shown that in case of insufficient area of supply devices it is impossible to provide the ventilation air design flow rate under design ventilation conditions even with the help of air ducts of unrealistically large sizes.
Consideration of Wind Speed Changes in the Design of Ventilation Systems for High-rise Buildings
Authors: Abramkina Darya , Agakhanova Kaminat
Published: November 2019

The average percentage of high-rise residential buildings in Russia is approximately 5% from the general volume of house construction. However, the demand for this type of buildings begins to increase. This factor relates to establishment of coherent multifunctional living environment with complex infrastructure. All of this facts cause the problem of high-rise building construction, including the design of engineering systems. Building air mode is influenced by external pressures applied to the centers of air-permeable openings, including wind pressure. Wind speed increases in the height of the building, but this change is often neglected in multi-storey houses, of course it is necessary to take this phenomenon into account designing high-rise buildings. The article presents various methods of accounting wind speed change in height, which were calculated for different cities in Russia. According to the of wind speed results obtained, the specific rate of infiltration air has been calculated, which significantly exceed the values in the case of a constant speed.
Efficiency of Additives for Aluminate Cement-based Dry Mixes for Self-Levelling Floors
Authors: Kaddo Maria
Published: November 2019

This article examined the properties of non-shrinking binders for floor coverings. The main goal of the experiment is to develop a dry self-levelling, non-shrinking mixture for monolithic seamless flooring. The possibility of obtaining a non-shrinking dry mixture based on aluminate cements and gypsum is considered. The main structural component in the experiments is ettringite. Additive-modifying agents for rheological properties that work effectively with a two-component binder were selected experimentally. The results of rheological studies, measurements of expansion and shrinkage deformations, physical and mechanical properties of the hardened solution are given.
Influence of the Organizational Schemes of the Construction Process on the Quality of the Structures Erected Based on Selected Legal Aspects from Russia, Slovakia, and Poland
Authors: Hubert Anysz , Alexey Beskopylny , Luboš Remek
Published: November 2019

The roles of the construction process participants may vary in different countries – depending on legal regulations, tradition, the accepted practice. In this article the basic acts defining and regulating the roles of the construction process participants in Russia, Poland and Slovakia are presented. Based on these, the basic duties of the parties are discussed together with pointing the differences in these national systems. As there are some possible organizational schemes widely applied for construction processes their influence on the quality of the structures erected is described and discussed.
Influence of PCP Based Superplasticizer on Heat Emission During Portland Cement Hydration
Authors: Jaskulski Roman , Kubissa Wojciech , Prałat Karol
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of a research on the influence of plasticizing admixture based on modified polycarboxylates on the heat emission parameters of a hardening concrete mix prepared with the use of Portland cement. The admixture was applied in the amount from 0.5 to 4.0%. No influence of admixture dosing on the maximum temperature increase was noted. However, a clear correlation was obtained between the amount of admixture and the time of reaching the maximum temperature and the maximum rate of temperature increase.
Plasters on Facades, and the Possibility of Inter-layer Condensation
Authors: Miszczuk Artur , Kaliszuk-Wietecka Agnieszka , Truchan Kazimierz
Published: November 2019

The publication focuses on what happened outside, on the possibilities and condensation of water vapor. The first part presents the advantages and disadvantages of plasters and the hazards resulting from the condensation of water vapor. To formulate conclusions, analyzes of various thermal insulation materials and external plasters were carried out. The obtained results indicate that the types and thickness of individual materials used in the wall affect the possibility of condensation of water vapor inside the building envelope.
Contamination of Soils and Sub-Soils at Construction Sites
Authors: Galitskova Yulia M.
Published: November 2019

Construction works, like any anthropogenic activity, have a negative impact on natural complexes. High levels of air, water and soil pollution are observed in areas of construction. This occurs at all construction stages: during the design and survey work, during the construction of roads and quarries, directly during the work on the construction site. Each stage of construction results in a new pollutant appearing each time. The greatest problem is the contamination of soils and sub-soils: soil dumps on construction sites, using bulk construction supplies, storing various supplies on the construction site, washing off bulk materials into the areas adjacent to the construction site, and the contamination of soil with fuel. The paper presents the results of the study describing the process of penetration of oily liquids, exemplified by kerosene, diesel fuel and gasoline. Studies were conducted in the laboratory. Sand is used as soil in accordance with the similarity criterion. Each type of fuel underwent series of tests with different volumes 50, 100 and 150 ml. The minimum number of tests in the series – 6. The minimum testing time for each series – 24 hours. The results of the study were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study revealed the following. Initially, the process of penetration is the same for all liquids tested. With the minimum tested volume, the average penetration depth for gasoline was 16.7 cm, for kerosene – 12 cm, and for diesel fuel – 21.5 cm. With the maximum tested volume, the average penetration depths were 21 cm, 21 cm and 21.5 cm, respectively. The studies also showed that, at the initial period, diesel fuel penetrates the sub-soil more slowly compared to all other tested liquids. This is due to a higher level of viscosity. The paper considers ways to reduce the impact of soil contamination on biota, as well as ways to eliminate this negative impact, leading to an increase in the efficiency of land improvement works, which take place after construction.
System Approach of Organization Methods and Ways of Road Construction Mobilization
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben , Andreeva Peraskovya , Galaeva Natalya
Published: November 2019

The schedule of work is one of the main documents of the programme of work. It reflects the decision on the organization of work, the chosen organization method and the way of its mobilization, the sequence of technological processes, the arrangement of equipment and workers in private flows, contains other production and technical information. Profit is created in the sphere of material production, but it gets its specific form at the stage of circulation in the process of selling products, works or services and various non-sales operations. In a market economy, profit is of particular importance. It is a source of self-financing of the economic and social development of an enterprise. Profit is one of the summarizing indicators characterizing production efficiency. It reflects the final financial result of production and economic activity of an enterprise. Profitability characterizes the final financial result and the efficiency of production and economic activity.
RUMOBIL – Feasibility of New Public Transport Services in European Rural Areas
Authors: Sitanyiova Dana , Misso Francesco Edoardo
Published: November 2019

Rural areas occupy substantial part of the entire EU’s surface area and rural development is an important policy area, covering among others also economic diversification in rural communities. Rural areas are important to the European economy as they provide foodstuffs, raw materials, or places for a wide range of recreational activities. However, some parts of these regions suffer from an ongoing population decline and dynamic aging as well as services of public interest retreat from these areas. This, however, cause enormous challenges for the provision of public services, such as public transport. The high costs of a traditional transport network and low level of demand make investments more difficult and ineffective for stakeholders in the mobility sector. The paper brings information on RUMOBIL project outputs from pilots testing new public transport services in sparsely populated peripheral areas. Results of these pilots were used to prepare recommendations presented in the form of the RUMOBIL Strategy, which provides an insight into already proven good practices and novel solutions.