bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aminomethanesulfonic acid illuminates the boundary between full and partial agonists of the pentameric glycine receptor
Authors: Ivica Josip , Zhu Hongtao , Lape Remigijus , Gouaux Eric , Sivilotti Lucia G
Published: August 2022

To clarify the determinants of agonist efficacy in pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, we examined a new compound, aminomethanesulfonic acid (AMS), a molecule intermediate in structure between glycine and taurine. Despite wide availability, to date there are no reports of AMS action on glycine receptors, perhaps because AMS is unstable at physiological pH. Here, we show that at pH 5, AMS is an efficacious agonist, eliciting in zebrafish α1 glycine receptors a maximum single-channel open probability of 0.85, much greater than that of β-alanine (0.54) or taurine (0.12), and second only to that of glycine itself (0.96). Thermodynamic cycle analysis of the efficacy of these closely related agonists shows supra-additive interaction between changes in the length of the agonist molecule and the size of the anionic moiety. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of AMS-bound glycine receptors show that the AMS-bound agonist pocket is as compact as with glycine, and three-dimensional classification demonstrates that the channel populates the open and the desensitized states, like glycine, but not the closed intermediate state associated with the weaker partial agonists, β-alanine and taurine. Because AMS is on the cusp between full and partial agonists, it provides a new tool to help us understand agonist action in the pentameric superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels.
Growth promotion and mycorrhizal colonization of Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) inoculated with the edible desert truffle Tirmania nivea (Desf.) Trappe
Authors: Khrizi Ahlem , Zitouni-Haouar Fatima El-Houaria , Fortas Zohra
Published: August 2022

This study presents the first evidence of the mycorrhizal compatibility between the edible desert truffle Tirmania nivea and the valuable fruit tree Argania spinosa. Seed germination trials demonstrated that soaking pre-treatment of argan seeds in hydrogen peroxide (9%) for five days combined with the application of a fungicide treatment on an inert sowing material maximized the seed germination of this tree species. The mycorrhizal synthesis was conducted under greenhouse conditions by inoculating, in vivo, the host plant seedlings with spores of T. nivea. The growth and mycorrhizal status of A. spinosa was assessed 15.5 months after inoculation. The desert truffle mycorrhization significantly promoted all the investigated morphological parameters of growth and improved the physiological performances of the host plant through enhancing plant water status and chlorophyll concentration. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to the formation of typical desert truffle endomycorrhizae with intracellular coils. The resistance of A. spinosa to the harsh environmental conditions of desert habitats makes it a potential candidate for cultivation of desert truffles.
Aluminum phosphate sludge as a phosphorus source for maize production under low soil phosphorus availability
Authors: Tolofari Ayaobu , Adesanya Theresa , Zvomuya Francis , Yuan Qiuyan
Published: August 2022

Background

With increasing food demand as a consequence of the growing world population, there is a corresponding demand for additional sources of phosphorus (P). Alum-phosphate (Al-P) sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment and can be a good source of P. In this study, the response of maize (Zea maysL.) to Al-P sludge was tested. Maize was chosen as the test crop due to its prevalent use as human and animal food and as a source of biofuel. The objective of the study was to investigate Al-P sludge as a source of P compared to a commercial fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, MAP).

Methods

A growth chamber assay was conducted over four cropping cycles (45 d each). The application rate was 9.7, 19.4, 29.1 and 38.8 mg P kg−1dry soil. Amendments were applied once at the start of the first cropping cycle. Plants were harvested after each cycle and pots were re-seeded. Dry matter yield (DMY), total P uptake, Al-P uptake, soil total P and Olsen-P concentrations, pH, and EC were measured.

Results

DMY was significantly greater in pots amended with Al-P sludge than in pots treated with MAP. There was a significant rate × cropping cycle interaction effect on DMY with the differences among rates in cycle 1 different from those in cycle 4. Phosphorus uptake depended on cropping cycle, P source and P application rate. With sludge uptake higher than MAP in all cycles, the highest P uptake was observed at the highest application rate except for cycle 2 where this was observed at the rate of 29.1 mg kg−1. For MAP, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) at the highest rate was significantly greater than that at the lowest rate whereas PRE in cycle 1 was significantly higher than that in cycle 4. In the first two cycles, aluminum uptake was negligible in both MAP and Al-P sludge treatments; however, in cycles 3 and 4, there was significantly more Al in maize from sludge amended pots. Our results show that Al-P sludge was as effective as MAP in supplying enough P for biomass yield. We, therefore, conclude that Al-P sludge could be an alternative source of P, especially for growing maize as feedstock for bioenergy.
A novel multi-layer perceptron model for assessing the diagnostic value of non-invasive imaging instruments for rosacea
Authors: Huang Yingxue , He Jieyu , Zhang Shuping , Tang Yan , Wang Ben , Jian Dan , Xie Hongfu , Li Ji , Chen Feng , Zhao Zhixiang
Published: August 2022

Background

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), VISIA, and dermoscopy have emerged as promising tools for objective diagnosis and assessment of rosacea. However, little is known about the diagnostic value of these imaging systems for rosacea.

Objectives

To assess the diagnostic value of RCM, VISIA, and dermoscopy for rosacea by establishing a novel multilayer perceptron (MLP) model.

Methods

A total of 520 patients with rosacea and other facial diseases were included in this study. A total of 474 samples of dermoscopy data, 374 samples of RCM data, 434 samples of VISIA data, and 291 samples containing three data sources were collected. An MLP model was built with the total data to explore the association between the imageological features of each instrument and the probability of rosacea.

Results

Our MLP model revealed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of RCM, VISIA and dermoscopy for diagnosing rosacea were 0.5233, 0.5646 and 0.7971, respectively. The integration of these three tools with clinical data could further improve the accuracy of the predictive diagnosis to 0.8385. For the imageological features of each tool, abnormalities (hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis) in the stratum corneum were effective variables for excluding rosacea (odds ratio [OR], 0.4333) under RCM. The indicators of rosacea under VISIA included overall severity of erythema, erythema involving the cheek or superciliary arch, visible red blood vessels, and papules (OR = 2.2745, 3.1592, 1.8365, 2.8647, and 1.4260, respectively). The candidate variables of dermoscopy included yellow background, white background, uniform distribution of vessels, branched vessels, and reticular blood vessels (OR = 0.4259, 0.4949, 2.2858, 3.7444, and 2.4576, respectively).

Conclusions

RCM, dermoscopy, and VISIA each can present several imageological features and were of certain value for assisting rosacea diagnosis. The combined analysis of these three tools using our MLP model may be useful for improving the accuracy of diagnosing rosacea.
Correlation of Lipid Profile with Inflammatory Markers among COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kumari Asha , Agarwal Yuthika , Singh Sangeeta Bhattacharya , Mahajan Shikhaa , Sharma Vivek
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Lipids are fundamental biomolecules of the body. Infections like COVID-19 with intricate immune response in some patient’s leads to acute complications by affecting metabolic pathways at multiple levels. Metabolism of cholesterol, triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol is deranged by cytokines and multiple inflammatory mediators. The sex differences in lipid metabolism may contribute in susceptibility, severity and outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Performing lipid profile in COVID-19 patient may help in assessing severity and prognosis of disease. Aim: To assess the relationship between lipid profile and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients and also to evaluate the gender wise differences in lipid parameters and their correlations with inflammatory markers. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry at SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana, India (tertiary care health centre) on COVID-19 positive patients attending Outpatient Department (OPD) and Inpatient Department (IPD), from October 2020 to December 2020. The data of 85 patients with COVID-19 positive, confirmed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and who were prescribed for lipid profile along with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and serum ferritin were included in the study. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol, CRP and ferritin were measured in the subjects. Data was statistically analysed using Student’s t test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Total 85 (46 males and 39 females) COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Mean age in male and female patients were 43.02±15.52 years and 42.02±15.25 years, respectively with a range of 5-82 years. Mean value of Serum triglycerides, HDL-C and total cholesterol was 204.94±141.27 mg/dL, 42.97±13.38 mg/ dL and 187.058±45.75 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglycerides were statistically significantly higher in males than females (pvalue=0.0413). The HDL-C however was significantly higher in females than males (p-value=0.0006). In male patients, r-value between cholesterol and CRP was -0.3538, and p-value was 0.016. Ferritin had a significant negative correlation with HDL-C (r-value=-0.3578, p-value=0.00079). Weak Positive correlation was noted between triglyceride and ferritin (r-value= 0.2285, p-value=0.035). Conclusion: High levels of serum triglycerides, low total cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol correlates with inflammatory markers like CRP and ferritin in COVID-19 patients. Lipid profile may be used as a potential marker in all COVID-19 patients in assessing prognosis of disease.
Exudative Benign Cementoblastoma with Radiographic Rarities- A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Sanjay CJ , Patil Karthikeya , Saikrishna D , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Shiny A
Published: August 2022

Cementoblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. The benign cementoblastoma was previously classified as one of the cementoma neoplasias by the World Health Organization’s classification of odontogenic tumours. The benign cementoblastoma in 2005 has been added to the list of odontogenic tumours that involve “mesenchyme and/or odontogenic ectomesenchyme, with or without odontogenic epithelium”. It accounts for around 0.69-8% of all odontogenic tumours. The lesion usually is asymptomatic and slow growing causing cortical plate expansion of both buccal and lingual plates. Cementoblastoma has male predilection, commonly seen involving mandibular first molar diagnosed in early age. There are very few incidents of an infected cementoblastoma in the literature. Radiological examinations can reveal a blend of radiolucent and radiopaque mass presenting a wheel spoke pattern. The histopathological results for both cementoblastoma and osteoblastoma are comparable. The relationship of the lesion with the tooth is the distinguishing element. Hereby, authors present a case of infected cementoblastoma in a 51-year-old female patient involving impacted mandibular second molar, clinically aggressive with unique radiologic features. Cementoblastoma is usually an incidental finding while the present case was associated with an impacted tooth and was symptomatic with infection. The uniqueness of this case was the complete involvement of the root structure and the cyst like expansion of the lesion instead of the usual thin radiolucent rim. Also, the lesion was infected with no dental caries associated with the tooth.
Loan Approval Prediction Model
Authors: itra Ch , dharan Sasi , Ahmed Sohail , murugan Bala
Published: August 2022

The aim of this Project is to develop a system for the “LOAN APPROVAL PREDICTION version” At instances when any financial organization lends the cash to the man or woman, it is usually been a excessive hazard. Today information is increasing with the fast pace in the banks, therefore the bankers want to evaluate the individual’s records before giving the mortgage. It can be a huge headache to evaluate the facts. This trouble is solved through studying and education the facts through the use of one of the device mastering algorithms. For this, we have generated a model for the prediction that the man or woman will get the loan or not. The primary objective of this paper is to check whether the individual can get the loan or not by evaluating the facts with the help of selection tree classifiers that can offers the accurate end result for the prediction.
A SOCIOLOGIA PÚBLICA EM TEMPOS DE BARACK OBAMA
Authors: Burawoy Michael
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo, baseado em discurso dirigido à Sociedade Japonesa de Sociologia, na Universidade de Tohoku, recoloca as formulações centrais da sociologia pública, identificando os quatro estilos do fazer sociológico. Isso é feito à luz do cenário aberto com a profunda crise por que passa o sistema capitalista mundial. Mesmo ciente das diferentes tradições nacionais e da desigualdade internacional, e apesar delas, acreditamos que, como sociólogos, compartilhamos uma ambição e uma missão comum, que seria o combate ao paradigma baseado no fundamentalismo do mercado, que atualmente demonstra gravíssimos sinais de crise e de exaustão. Nesse sentido, resulta como tarefa primordial que os sociólogos canalizem as reações à crise em direção à criação de uma sociedade civil mais fortalecida e democrática, e de uma esfera pública mais robusta e inclusiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sociologia pública, sociedade civil, esfera pública, fundamentalismo de mercado. PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY IN THE AGE OF BARACK OBAMA Michael Burawoy This article was the basis of an address to the Japanese Sociological Society, Tohoku University. We revisit the main points of the public sociology. It is made taking into account the capitalist system international crisis. I do believe as sociologists, despite national traditions and global inequalities, we do share a common interest, and even mission, to combat the market fundamentalism that has spread throughout the world – a project that is now showing signs of fissure and exhaustion. Despite the measures against crisis put forward by governments sociologists have their own interest in channeling the counter-movements toward a stronger and more democratic civil society and a more robust and inclusive public sphere. KEYWORDS: public sociology, civil society, public sphere, market fundamentalism. LA SOCIOLOGIE PUBLIQUE AU TEMPS DE BARACK OBAMA Michael Burawoy Partant d’un discours adressé à la Société Japonaise de Sociologie, au sein de l’Université de Tohoku, ce travail reprend les formulations centrales de la sociologie publique en identifiant les quatre styles du faire sociologique, à la lumière du scénario présenté par la crise profonde par laquelle passe le système capitaliste mondial. Bien que connaissant les différentes traditions nationales ainsi que l’inégalité internationale, et malgré cellesci, nous sommes convaincus qu’en tant que sociologues nous partageons une ambition et une mission commune, c’est-à-dire le combat contre le paradigme basé sur le fondamentalisme du marché qui accuse actuellement de graves signes de crise et d’épuisement. C’est dans ce sens qu’il incombe aux sociologues de réaliser une tâche primordiale, celle de canaliser les réactions face à la crise pour en arriver à la création d’une société civile plus forte et plus démocratique ainsi que d’une sphère publique plus robuste et inclusive. MOTS-CLÉS: sociologie publique, société civile, sphère publique, fondamentalisme de marché. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DISTINÇÃO E DESIGUALDADES NA CULTURA DE CONSUMO
Authors: Ruscheinsky Aloisio
Published: August 2022

Aborda as prinicpais questões relativas ao trinomio consumo, cultura e cidadania, entendendo que uma sociologia do consumo está em seu nascedouro.
O SINDICALISMO DEIXOU A CRISE PARA TRÁS? um novo ciclo de greves na década de 2000
Authors: Boito Jr. Armando , Marcelino Paula
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste texto é retomar, de modo preliminar e indicativo, o debate sobre a crise ou o declínio histórico do movimento sindical. A questão que queremos levantar é a seguinte: a atividade sindical, na década de 2000, é um indicativo de que o sindicalismo brasileiro superou a crise? O nosso texto analisa o ciclo de greves em curso no Brasil a partir do ano de 2004, destacando, dentre outros elementos, o número de greves e de grevistas, o caráter ofensivo dessas greves e as vitórias que os trabalhadores vêm obtendo em suas reivindicações. Defendemos a hipótese, ainda sob investigação, de que a atividade sindical no Brasil nos anos 2000 é um indicador muito forte do equívoco da tese do declínio histórico do sindicalismo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sindicalismo, greves, crise, Brasil. DID UNIONISM LEAVE THE CRISIS BEHIND? a new round of strikes in the 2000s Armando Boito Jr. Paula Marcelino The aim of this paper is to resume, in an indicative and preliminary order, the debate on the crisis or the historical decline of trade unionism. The question we want to raise is this: union activity,  in the 2000s, is indicative that the Brazilian trade unions overcame their crisis? Our text analyzes a cycle of strikes under way in Brazil since 2004, stressing, among other elements, the number of  strikes and strikers, the offensive nature of these strikes and the victories that workers have been obtaining in their demands. We support the hypothesis, still under investigation, that union activity in Brazil in the 2000s is a very strong indicator of the mistake in the thesis of historical decline of unionism. KEYWORDS: unions, strikes, crisis, Brazil. LE SYNDICALISME A-T-IL LAISSÉ LA CRISE DERRIÈRE LUI? un nouveau cycle de grèves dans les années 2000 Armando Boito Jr. Paula Marcelino Le but de cet article est de reprendre, de manière préliminaire et indicative, le débat concernant la crise ou le déclin historique du mouvement syndical. La question que nous voulons soulever est la suivante: l’activité syndicale des années 2000 est-elle un indice capable de montrer que le syndicalisme brésilien a dépassé la crise ? Notre article analyse le cycle des grèves qui ont eu lieu au Brésil depuis 2004 et souligne, entre autres éléments, le nombre de grèves et de grévistes, le caractère offensif de ces grèves et les résultats obtenus par les travailleurs suite à leurs revendications. Notre hypothèse, toujours à l’étude, est que l’activité syndicale au Brésil, dans les années 2000, est un indicateur important de l’équivoque concernant la thèse du déclin historique du syndicalisme. MOTS-CLÉS: syndicalisme, grèves, crise, Brésil. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br  texto em Português
O MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DO TRABALHO NA PROTEÇÃO DO DIREITO DO TRABALHO
Authors: De Lacerda Carelli Rodrigo
Published: August 2022

O Ministério Público do Trabalho, instituição antes subalterna no sistema protetivo trabalhista, com a refundação do “parquet”, a partir da década de 1980, ganha importância na representação funcional dos trabalhadores, na tutela dos direitos fundamentais no trabalho. Assim, o texto demonstra que, no momento de crise do Direito do Trabalho e de suas instituições, o Ministério Público do Trabalho agasalha o papel de defensor da sociedade e atua no resguardo do Direito do Trabalho, reforçando-o com o argumento dos direitos humanos. Ao final, restam fortalecidos tanto a instituição quanto o ramo do Direito que busca proteger. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ministério Público do Trabalho, direito do trabalho, representação funcional, direitos humanos, trabalho. LABOR PUBLIC ATTORNEYS ON PROTECTION OF LABOR RIGHTS Rodrigo de Lacerda Carelli The Labor Public Attorneys, an institution that was before subordinate in the labor protective system, with the overhaul of the “parquet”, from the 1980s, gained importance in the functional representation of workers, and the protection of fundamental rights at work. Thus, the text shows that, in time of crisis in Labour Law and its institutions, the Labor Public Attorneys enclose the role of society defender and acts in the protection of Labor Law, reinforcing it with the human rights argument. At the end, both the institution and the branch of law it strives to protect are strengthened. KEYWORDS: Labor Public Attorneys, labor law, functional representation, human rights, labor. LE MINISTÈRE PUBILC POUR LA PROTECTION DES DROITS DU TRAVAIL Rodrigo de Lacerda Carelli Le Ministère Public du Travail (le Parquet), institution antérieurement subordonnée au système de protection du travail, a pris de l’importance à partir des années 80 et grâce au remaniement du “parquet” quant à la représentation fonctionnelle des travailleurs pour la protection des droits fondamentaux au travail. Ce texte montre ainsi qu’en temps de crise pour les Droits du Travail et ses institutions, le Ministère Public du Travail assume un rôle de défenseur de la société et agit pour garantir les Droits du Travail en les renforçant avec les arguments des droits de l’homme. Au finale, autant l’institution que la branche du Droit qu’elle cherche à protéger s’en voient fortifiées. Mots-clés: Ministère du Travail, droit du travail, représentation fonctionnelle, droits de l’homme, travail. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
TEORIA CRÍTICA E OS SENTIDOS DA EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: August 2022

A tradição de pensamento conhecida como Teoria Crítica, que conta com os nomes de Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse e Habermas, entre muitos outros, é composta por diferentes modelos críticos. Encontramos, numa mesma geração ou ainda num mesmo autor, diferentes formulações da crítica social apoiadas em diagnósticos do tempo renovados. O presente artigo procura pensar as condições de renovação dos diagnósticos a partir da qual os obstáculos à emancipação ou potenciais emancipatórios, quando presentes numa dada sociedade, sejam considerados e analisados de modo crítico. Essa renovação implica desvincular a fundamentação normativa da crítica do “paradigma produtivista” e conceber as lutas emancipatórias na pluralidade de seus sentidos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: teoria crítica, emancipação, novos movimentos sociais, democracia. CRITICAL THEORY AND THE SENSES OF EMANCIPATION Rúrion MeloThe tradition of thought known as Critical Theory, which has the names of Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse and Habermas, among many others, is comprised of various critical models. We find, in the same generation or even in the same author, different formulations of social criticism supported by renovated time diagnostics. This paper seeks to consider the conditions for renovation of the diagnoses from which the obstacles to emancipation and emancipatory potential, when present in a given society, are considered and analyzed critically. This renovation involves untying the normative foundation of the critique of the “productivist paradigm” and to conceive the emancipatory struggles in the plurality of their senses. KEYWORDS: critical theory, emancipation, new social movements, democracy. LA THÉORIE CRITIQUE ET LES SENS DE L’ÉMANCIPATION Rúrion MeloComposée de divers modèles critiques, la tradition de pensée connue comme Théorie Critique compte, entre autres, avec des noms tels que ceux de Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse et Habermas. Nous trouvons dans une même génération ou encore chez un même auteur, différentes manières de formuler la critique sociale basées sur des diagnostics renouvelés du temps. Cet article se veut de penser les conditions de renouvellement des diagnostics à partir duquel les obstacles à l’émancipation ou aux potentiels émancipatoires, lorsqu’ils existent dans une société donnée, doivent être considérés et analysés de manière critique. Ce renouvellement demande que le fondement normatif et la critique du “paradigme productiviste” soient séparés et suppose la conception de luttes émancipatoires dans la pluralité de leurs sens. MOTS-CLÉS: Théorie critique, émancipation, nouveaux mouvements sociaux, démocratie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
ENTRE POTENCIAIS E BLOQUEIOS COMUNICATIVOS: Habermas e a crítica do Estado democrático de direito
Authors: Gonçalves Silva Felipe
Published: August 2022

Para Habermas, uma compreensão crítica do Estado democrático de direito não se faz meramente com a denúncia de seus inúmeros insucessos. Trata-se de investigá-los como bloqueios a suas potencialidades reais. Nesse sentido, em Direito e Democracia, o autor procura reconstruir as condições procedimentais ante as quais pode se mover um processo de democratização radical, submetendo os elementos fundamentais do Estado democrático de direito a um modelo discursivo de teoria crítica, o qual se volta para o aproveitamento dos potenciais comunicativos liberados na modernidade. Partindo dos vínculos de Direito e Democracia com a teoria crítica da sociedade, o artigo pretende explicitar os traços particulares do modelo crítico ali desenvolvido, bem como salientar algumas de suas limitações características.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Habermas, democracia, Estado de Direito, teoria crítica, procedimentalismo. BETWEEN POTENTIALS AND COMMUNICATION BLOCKS: Habermas and the critique of the democratic rule of law Felipe Gonçalves SilvaFor Habermas, a critical understanding of the democratic rule of law is not made merely with the denunciation of its many failures. It is about investigating them as blocks to its true potentialities. Thus, in Law and Democracy, the author tries to reconstruct the procedural conditions against which a process of radical democratization can move, putting the key elements of the democratic rule of law to a discursive model of critical theory, which turns to the use of a comunicative potentialities released in modernity. Starting from the lins of Law And Democracy to the critical theory of society, this paper aims to clarify the particular traits of the critical model there developed, as well as highlight some of its characteristic limitations. KEYWORDS: Habermas, democracy, rule of law, critical theory, proceduralism. ENTRE POTENTIELS ET BLOCAGES COMMUNICATIFS: Habermas et la critique de l’État de droit démocratique Felipe Gonçalves SilvaPour Habermas, une compréhension critique de l’État de droit démocratique ne se fait pas simplement en dénonçant ses nombreux échecs. Il faut les examiner en tant que blocages de leurs véritables potentiels. Ainsi, dans Droit et Démocratie, l’auteur essaie de reconstruire les conditions de procédures permettant à un processus démocratique radical de se déclencher en soumettant les éléments fondamentaux de l’État de droit démocratique à un modèle discursif de la théorie critique, dont la tendance est de profiter des potentiels communicatifs libérés dans la modernité. En partant des liens que Droit et Démocratie a avec la théorie critique de la société, l’article vise à expliquer les traits particuliers du modèle critique qui y est développé ainsi qu’à souligner quelques-unes de ses limites caractéristiques. MOTS-CLÉS: Habermas, démocratie, État de Droit, théorie critique, procéduralisme. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
MERCADO DE TRABALHO E VULNERABILIDADE EM REGIÕES METROPOLITANAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Moreira de Carvalho Inaiá Maria
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa as transformações do mercado de trabalho ocorridas nas últimas décadas nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, com base em dados da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego – PED. Discutindo a evolução da População em Idade Ativa, da População Economicamente Ativa e da População Ocupada, as condições de ocupação, o desemprego e o rendimento médio dos trabalhadores, ele procura demonstrar como ocorreu uma verdadeira desestruturação do mercado de trabalho na década de 1990, interrompida nos últimos anos, mas sem que chegassem a ser superadas a precariedade ocupacional e a vulnerabilidade de uma significativa parcela da população dessas cidades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: metrópoles, mercado de trabalho, precariedade ocupacional, vulnerabilidade social. LABOR MARKET AND VULNERABILITY IN BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN REGIONS Inaiá Maria Moreira de CarvalhoThis paper analyzes the labor market changes that have occurred in recent decades in Brazilian metropolitan areas, based on data from the Survey of Employment and Unemployment – in Portuguese, PED. In discussing the evolution of the Working Age Population, the Economically Active Population and Employed Population, conditions of employment, unemployment and average income of workers, it seeks to demonstrate how there was a real breakdown of the labor market in the 1990s, interrupted in recent years, but without overcoming occupational precariousness and vulnerability of a significant portion of the population of these cities.KEYWORDS: cities, labor market, occupational precariousness, social vulnerability.MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL ET VULNÉRABILITÉ DANS LES RÉGIONS MÉTROPOLITAINES BRÉSILIENNES Inaiá Maria Moreira de CarvalhoSur la base des données de la Recherche pour l’Emploi et le Chômage – REC (Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego-PED), cet article présente l’analyse des transformations du marché du travail au cours des dernières décennies dans les régions métropolitaines brésiliennes. À partir d’un débat sur l’évolution de la Population en âge de travailler, de la Population Economiquement Active et de la Population Occupée, sur les conditions de travail, le chômage et les revenus moyens des travailleurs, on essaie de démontrer comment une véritable déstructuration du marché du travail a eu lieu dans les années 1990, interrompue ces dernières années sans arriver cependant à dépasser la précarité occupationnelle et la vulnérabilité d’une partie importante de la population de ces villes.MOTS-CLÉS: métropoles, marché du travail, précarité occupationnelle, vulnérabilité sociale Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
The value of the educational frame in the development of the psychotherapist's professional self
Authors: Tredgold Rosemary
Published: August 2022

This paper arose from my own experiences as both student and teacher of psychotherapy. It examines the nature and importance of clear boundaries and a firm frame in developing the personality, experience, knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of psychotherapy. It will consider the nature of the psychotherapist's professional Self; what it needs to know, do and be; and how this can be taught.

I'll start by being practical. Although love isAnd everything that is not love is not but is
Illusory, we have to cope with that illusion.It is the source of suffering and what we callEvil. The illusion that we are not love or loveworthy
Is a fist around the heart it constricts
The awareness that you and I are one.Like waves in the ocean, each seeming separate.
Yet merely ripples in the same eternal sea.

Adam Curle
The teacher's headache
Authors: Appel Stephen
Published: August 2022

This article considers a psychosomatic symptom- migraine - produced in the author while teaching a course on psychoanalysis. Referring to a dream and to case material, the article reflects upon 1. the teaching relationship, 2. migraine headaches, 3. countertransference and 4. the nature of inquiry itself.
The process of dreamwork
Authors: Bowater Margaret
Published: August 2022

Dreams can present the current central issues in a client's world, beautifully encapsulated in metaphor and story. If therapists are alert to their significance, and include them in the therapeutic process, new insights emerge and opportunities are presented for personal change. This article demonstrates a step-by-step process of working with a dream, using drawing, associations, simple action methods, redecision work and self-reflection, to facilitate personal growth in a dreamer.
Solution structure of the DNA binding domain of a nucleoid‐associated protein, H‐NS, from Escherichia coli
Authors: Shindo Heisaburo , Iwaki Takanobu , Ieda Ryoichi , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Ueguchi Chiharu , Mizuno Takeshi , Morikawa Soichi , Nakamura Haruki , Kuboniwa Hitoshi
Published: July 2002

The three‐dimensional structure of the C‐terminal domain (47 residues) obtained from the hydrolysis of H‐NS protein with bovine trypsin was determined by NMR measurements and distance geometry calculations. It is composed of an antiparallel β‐sheet, an α‐helix and a 310‐helix which form a hydrophobic core, stabilizing the whole structure. This domain has been found to bind to DNA. Possible DNA binding sites are discussed on the basis of the solution structure of the C‐terminal domain of H‐NS.
Regulation of the P25 gene transcription in the silk gland of Bombyx
Authors: Nony Pascale , Prudhomme Jean‐Claude , Couble Pierre
Published: July 2002

Summry— The gene encoding the silk protein P25 is specifically transcribed in the posterior silkgland of Bombyx during larval intermoults and is repressed during moults. By performing in vitro DNA‐protein interactions, at least five putative regulatory elements were localized in the 5′ flanking region of the gene. The most proximal element, close to the TATA box, interacts with SGFB, a silkgland‐specific factor which could be involved in the tissue‐specific expression of the gene. A more upstream sequence is recognized by an ubiquitous factor, BMFA, which exhibits cyclical modifications in relation to the moulting cycle and could thus be involved in the temporal control of the gene during the development. A construct containing a reporter gene fused to 1450 bp of P25 5′ flanking sequences was integrated into the Drosophila genome and shown to be specifically expressed in the larval salivary gland, the organ homologous to the silkgland. Recurrent deletions of this construct showed that the proximal 254 bp contain all the sequences required for this specific expression. Similar foreign constructs introduced in the silkgland in vivo by a particle delivery system were specifically transcribed in the posterior silkgland but remained silent in the middle silkgland as the endogenous genes. This methodology will be used to assay the function of the defined cis‐acting elements in the spatial regulation of expression of P25.
Chronic ethanol ingestion increases efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Piquet M.A , Nogueira V , Devin A , Sibille B , Filippi C , Fontaine E , Roulet M , Rigoulet M , Leverve X.M
Published: July 2002

The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation was compared between rats chronically fed with ethanol and controls. (i) Results showed that the liver mitochondria state 4 respiratory rate was strongly inhibited, while the corresponding proton‐motive force was not affected; (ii) the cytochrome oxidase content and activity were decreased and (iii) the oxidative‐phosphorylation yield was increased in the ethanol exposed group. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation at coupling site II was not affected by ethanol. Cytochrome oxidase inhibition by sodium‐azide mimicked the effects of ethanol intoxication in control mitochondria. This indicates that the decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity induced by ethanol intoxication directly increases the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.
Identification of active site serine and histidine residues in Escherichia coli outer membrane protease OmpT
Authors: Kramer R.Arjen , Dekker Niek , Egmond Maarten R
Published: July 2002

Escherichia coli outer membrane protease OmpT has been characterised as a serine protease based on its inhibitor profile, but serine protease consensus sequences are absent. By site‐directed mutagenesis we substituted all conserved serines and histidines. Substitution of His101 and His212 by Ala, Asn or Gln resulted in variant enzymes with 0.01 and 9–20% residual enzymatic activity towards a fluorogenic pentapeptide substrate, respectively. The mutations S140A and S201A did not decrease activity, while variants S40A and S99A yielded 0.5 and 0.2% residual activities, respectively. When measured with a dipeptide substrate the variant S40A demonstrated full activity, whereas variant S99A displayed at least 500‐fold reduced activity. We conclude that Ser99 and His212 are essential active site residues. We propose that OmpT is a novel serine protease with Ser99 as the active site nucleophile and His212 as general base.
cDNA cloning of turtle prion protein
Authors: Simonic Tatjana , Duga Stefano , Strumbo Bice , Asselta Rosanna , Ceciliani Fabrizio , Ronchi Severino
Published: July 2002

Cloning of the cDNA coding for the 270‐residue turtle prion protein is reported. It represents the most remote example thus far described. The entire coding region is comprised in a single exon, while a large intron interrupts the 5′ UTR. The common structural features of the known prion proteins are all conserved in turtle PrP, whose identity degree to mammalian and avian proteins is about 40 and 58%, respectively. The most intriguing feature, unique to the turtle prion, is the presence of an EF‐hand Ca2+ binding motif in the C‐terminal half of the protein.
Extent of incorporation of HIV‐1 Vpr into the virus particles is flexible and can be modulated by expression level in cells
Authors: Lai Derhsing , Singh Satya P. , Cartas Maria , Murali Ramachandran , Kalyanaraman Vaniambadi S. , Srinivasan Alagarsamy
Published: July 2002

To examine the factors that control the extent of incorporation of Vpr into the virus particles, we utilized an epitope‐tagging approach with Flag (FL) as the epitope for quantitation. We generated expression plasmids containing Vpr‐FL and Vpr E21,24P‐FL and also HIV‐1 proviral DNA containing Vpr‐FL (NL‐Vpr‐FL). Immunoblot analysis using Flag antibodies revealed that virus particles derived from co‐transfection of NL‐Vpr‐FL and Vpr‐FL showed an enhanced level of Vpr‐FL in comparison to NL‐Vpr‐FL derived virus. These results suggest that the amount of incorporation of Vpr into the virus particles is flexible and may be modulated by its expression level in cells.
Functional conservation between yeast and plant endosomal Na+/H+ antiporters1
Authors: Quintero Francisco J. , Blatt Michael R. , Pardo José M.
Published: July 2002

Vacuolar compartmentation of Na+ is an essential mechanism for salinity tolerance since it lowers cytosolic Na+ levels while contributing to osmotic adjustment for cell turgor and expansion. The AtNHX1 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana substituted functionally for ScNHX1, the endosomal Na+/H+ antiporter of yeast. Ion tolerance conferred by AtNHX1 and ScNHX1 correlated with ion uptake into an intracellular pool that was energetically dependent on the vacuolar (H+)ATPase. AtNHX1 localized to vacuolar membrane fractions of yeast. Hence, both transporters share an evolutionarily conserved function in Na+ compartmentation. AtNHX1 mRNA levels were upregulated by ABA and NaCl treatment in leaf but not in root tissue.
Anandamide induces apoptosis of PC‐12 cells: involvement of superoxide and caspase‐3
Authors: Sarker Krishna Pada , Obara Soichi , Nakata Masanori , Kitajima Isao , Maruyama Ikuro
Published: July 2002

Anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide), an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand has been suggested to have physiological role in mammalian nervous system. However, little is known about the role of anandamide on neuronal cells. Here, we demonstrate that anandamide causes death of PC‐12 cells, showing marked DNA condensation and fragmentation, appearance of cells at sub‐G0/G1 and redistribution of phosphatidyl serine, the hallmark features of apoptosis. Anandamide raised intracellular superoxide level and CPP32‐like protease activity in PC‐12 cells markedly. Furthermore, antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine prevented anandamide‐induced superoxide anion formation and cell death, implying that intracellular superoxide is a novel mediator of anandamide‐induced apoptosis of PC‐12 cells.
ENO1 gene product binds to the c‐myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor: relationship with Myc promoter‐binding protein 1 (MBP‐1)
Authors: Feo Salvatore , Arcuri Daniela , Piddini Eugenia , Passantino Rosa , Giallongo Agata
Published: July 2002

The Myc promoter‐binding protein‐1 (MBP‐1) is a 37–38 kDa protein that binds to the c‐myc P2 promoter and negatively regulates transcription of the protooncogene. MBP‐1 cDNA shares 97% similarity with the cDNA encoding the glycolytic enzyme α‐enolase and both genes have been mapped to the same region of human chromosome 1, suggesting the hypothesis that the two proteins might be encoded by the same gene. We show here data indicating that a 37 kDa protein is alternatively translated from the full‐length α‐enolase mRNA. This shorter form of α‐enolase is able to bind the MBP‐1 consensus sequence and to downregulate expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the c‐myc P2 promoter. Furthermore, using α‐enolase/green fluorescent protein chimeras in transfection experiments we show that, while the 48 kDa α‐enolase mainly has a cytoplasmic localization, the 37 kDa α‐enolase is preferentially localized in the cell nuclei. The finding that a transcriptional repressor of the c‐myc oncogene is an alternatively translated product of the ENO1 gene, which maps to a region of human chromosome 1 frequently deleted in human cancers, makes ENO1 a potential candidate for tumor suppressor.
Genetic evidence of branching in the isoprenoid pathway for the production of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rodrı́guez-Concepción Manuel , Campos Narciso , Marı́a Lois Luisa , Maldonado Carlos , Hoeffler Jean-François , Grosdemange-Billiard Catherine , Rohmer Michel , Boronat Albert
Published: July 2002

An alternative mevalonate‐independent pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis has been recently discovered in eubacteria (including Escherichia coli) and plant plastids, although it is not fully elucidated yet. In this work, E. coli cells were engineered to utilize exogenously provided mevalonate and used to demonstrate by a genetic approach that branching of the endogenous pathway results in separate synthesis of the isoprenoid building units isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In addition, the IPP isomerase encoded by the idi gene was shown to be functional in vivo and to represent the only possibility for interconverting IPP and DMAPP in this bacterium.
Identification and light‐induced expression of a novel gene of NADPH‐protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase isoform in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Oosawa Naoki , Masuda Tatsuru , Awai Koichiro , Fusada Naoki , Shimada Hiroshi , Ohta Hiroyuki , Takamiya Ken-ichiro
Published: July 2002

In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified a novel gene of a NADPH‐protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) isoform, which catalyzes the light‐dependent protochlorophyllide a reduction in the chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthetic pathway. The deduced amino acid sequence of the novel POR isoform (PORC) showed significant identities (∼75%) with the previously isolated two POR isoforms of A. thaliana. Contrasting with these POR isoforms, the PORC transcript increased in etiolated seedlings by illumination, and was dominantly expressed in immature and mature tissues. The present results demonstrated that Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis in A. thaliana are controlled by three POR isoforms, which are differentially controlled by light and development.
The mnn2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is affected in phosphorylation of N‐linked oligosaccharides
Authors: Olivero Isabel , Mañas Paula , M. Hernández Luis
Published: July 2002

We studied the phosphorylation of the inner core region of N‐linked oligosaccharides in the mannan defective mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn2 which was described as unable to synthesize branches on the outer chain. We performed structural studies of the N‐oligosaccharides synthesized by the strains mnn2, mnn1mnn2mnn9 and mnn1mnn9ldb8, and the results are compared with previously published structural data of mnn1mnn2mnn10 and mnn1mnn9 [Hernández, L.M., Ballou, L., Alvarado, E., Tsai, P.‐K. and Ballou, C.E. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 13648–13659]. We conclude that the mnn2/ldb8 mutation is responsible for the inhibition of incorporation of phosphate to mannose A3 (see below), a particular phosphorylation site of the inner core, while phosphorylation at the other possible site (mannose C1) is allowed, although it is also reduced. *Phosphorylation sites in mnn1mnn9.
Distinctive properties of the catalase B of Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Calera José A , Sánchez-Weatherby Juan , López-Medrano Ramiro , Leal Fernando
Published: July 2002

Aspergillus nidulans catalase B (CatB) was purified to homogeneity and characterized as a hydroperoxidase which resembles typical catalases in some physicochemical characteristics: (1) it has an apparent molecular weight of 360 000 and is composed of four glycosylated subunits, (2) it has hydrophobic properties as revealed by extractability in ethanol/chloroform and binding to phenyl‐Superose, and (3) it has an acidic isoelectric point at pH 3.5. Also CatB exhibits some distinctive properties, e.g. it is not inhibited by the presence of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 9 M urea or reducing agents. Furthermore, even though CatB does not exhibit any residual peroxidase activity, it is able to retain up to 38% of its initial catalase activity after incubation with the typical catalase inhibitor 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 stimulates adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells in synergy with BRL 49653 (rosiglitazone)
Authors: Sottile Virginie , Seuwen Klaus
Published: July 2002

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were discovered as potent bone‐inducing molecules. Their effect on adipogenic differentiation is not well understood, both stimulation and inhibition of the process have been described. We show here that BMP‐2 strongly stimulates adipogenic differentiation of murine 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes if applied together with an agonist of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). On its own, BMP‐2 (500 ng/ml) did not stimulate adipogenesis as quantified by flow cytometry with the lipophilic dye Nile Red. However, the protein strongly potentiated adipogenesis stimulated by the thiazolidinedione BRL 49653 as well as glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity and induction of mRNAs for the adipogenic markers PPARγ and adipsin. We confirmed the synergistic action of BMP‐2 and BRL 49653 with primary cultures of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Our data demonstrate that BMP‐2 can act as a potent adipogenic agent if presented together with activators of PPARγ.