bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large‐Area (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2Thin‐Film Solar Cells with Increased Bandgap and Reduced Voltage Losses Realized with Bulk Defect Reduction and Front‐Grading of the Absorber Bandgap
Authors: Bothwell Alexandra M. , Li Siming , Farshchi Rouin , Miller Michael F. , Wands Jake , Perkins Craig L. , Rockett Angus , Arehart Aaron R. , Kuciauskas Darius
Published: April 2022

The 1.24 eV bandgap, 18.8% power conversion efficiency Ag‐alloyed chalcopyrite (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2(ACIGS) solar cells are characterized to relate voltage and efficiency improvements to electro‐optical (EO) characteristics. Shockley–Read–Hall recombination center defect density, identified and characterized through deep level transient spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), is reduced through potassium and copper treatment optimization. Concomitantly, longer minority carrier lifetimes are achieved, which increases open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Near‐conduction band defects associated in earlier studies with light‐induced current instability are also mitigated. Analysis of charge‐carrier dynamics after single‐ and two‐photon excitation is used to separate recombination at the front interface and in the absorber bulk. From TRPL decay simulations, the authors estimate ranges of key solar cell material characteristics: bulk carrier lifetimeτbulk = 110–210 ns, charge‐carrier mobilityμ = 110–160 cm2 V−1 s−1, and front interface recombination velocitySfront = 700–1050 cm s−1. This lowest‐reportedSfrontfor ACIGS absorbers originates from the notched conduction band grading, which also makes the impact of the back interface recombination negligible. It is suggested in the results that solar cell performance enhancements can be made most readily with two distinct strategies: improving device architecture and reducing semiconductor defect densities. Using these approaches, power conversion efficiency in large‐area solar cells is improved by 1.1% absolute.
Clinicopathologic and imaging features of a primary poorly differentiated extradural haemangiosarcoma with polyostotic vertebral involvement and pulmonary metastases in a dog
Authors: O'Byrne Kadie Leanne , Stent Andrew , Tauro Anna
Published: April 2022

An 8‐year‐old, Staffordshire bull terrier was referred for a progressive 8‐week history of left pelvic limb paresis, postural reaction deficits, perineal hypoalgesia and lumbosacral pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a L5–Cd1 circumferential T1‐weighted isointense, T2‐weighted/short Tau inversion recovery hyperintense extradural mass, causing severe spinal cord compression with multifocal lesions of L5–L7 vertebral bodies and extension to paraspinal musculature. Unlike previous reports, both vertebral and epidural lesions showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement, while adjacent paraspinal musculature showed mild ill‐defined enhancement. Computed tomography revealed pulmonary metastases and excluded primary lesion elsewhere. An epidural neoplasm with polyostotic vertebral involvement and pulmonary metastases was suspected. Dorsal laminectomy allowed for decompression and excisional biopsy confirming a diagnosis of poorly differentiated haemangiosarcoma. Haemangiosarcoma should be considered as a differential for primary extradural spinal neoplasia.
Interfacially responsive electron transfer and matter conversion by polydopamine‐mediated nanoplatforms for advancing disease theranostics
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Tingting , Xing Yuxin , Wang Zhenqiang , Xie Xiyue , Zhang Jixi , Cai Kaiyong
Published: April 2022

Polydopamine (PDA) is an artificial melanin polymer that has been spotlighted due to its extraordinary optoelectronic characteristics and advance theranosctic applications in biomaterial fields. Moreover, interactions on the nano–bio interface interplay whereby substances exchange in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, and electron transfer driven by light, energy‐level transitions, or electric field greatly affect the functional performance of PDA‐modified nanoparticles. The full utilization of potential in PDA's interfacial activities, optoelectrical properties and related responsiveness is therefore an attractive means to construct advanced nanostructures for regulating biological processes and metabolic pathways. Herein, we strive to summarize recent advances in the construction of functional PDA‐based nanomaterials with state‐of‐the‐art architectures prepared for modulation of photoelectric sensing and redox reversibility, as well as manipulation of photo‐activated therapeutics. Meanwhile, contributions of interfacial electron transfer and matter conversion are highlighted by discussing the structure–property‐function relationships and the biological effects in their featured applications including disease theranostics, antibacterial activities, tissue repair, and combined therapy. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in this emerging research field will also be outlined. Recent advances on polydopamine‐based nanotherapeutics with an emphasis on their interfacial activities, optoelectrical properties and related responsiveness are reviewed for providing insightful guidance to the rational design of integrated theranostic nanoplatforms with high performance in the biomedical fields.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Understanding Labor, Law and Informality in Non-Western Migration Regimes
Authors: Urinboyev Rustamjon , Eraliev Sherzod
Published: April 2022

On March 18, 2019, Safar (a pseudonym) was on an airplane heading to Istanbul in search of new adventures. The evening flight from Tashkent to Istanbul on Uzbekistan Airways took just under six hours.
Fazit
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy
Published: April 2022

Eingangs wurde mehrfach für eine eigene Studie mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Professionellen und ihren Diskriminierungserfahrungen plädiert. Während vorhandene Studien meist nur randständig Diskriminierungserfahrung behandeln oder nicht differenziert genug an den Forschungsgegenstand herangehen, schließt die eigene Arbeit eine Forschungslücke. Sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Studien haben mit Ausnahme der Arbeit von Mai (2020) die Zielgruppe der Fachkräfte mit Diskriminierungserfahrung bislang nicht umfassend beachtet.
Effective Leptophilic WIMPs at the e+e− collider
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Girmohanta Sudhakantha , Jahedi Sahabub
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We consider higher-dimensional effective (EFT) operators consisting of fermion dark matter (DM) connecting to Standard Model (SM) leptons upto dimension six. Considering all operators together and assuming the DM to undergo thermal freeze-out, we find out relic density allowed parameter space in terms of DM mass (mχ) and New Physics (NP) scale (Λ) with one loop direct search constraints from XENON1T experiment. Allowed parameter space of the model is probed at the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) via monophoton signal for both Dirac and Majorana cases, limited by the centre-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

=1 TeV, where DM mass can be probed within $$ {m}_{\chi }<\frac{\sqrt{s}}{2} $$

m
χ

<

s

2

for the pair production to occur and Λ >$$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

for the validity of EFT framework.
Axion isocurvature collider
Authors: Lu Shiyun
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Cosmological colliders can preserve information from interactions at very high energy scale, and imprint them on cosmological observables. Taking the squeezed limit of cosmological perturbation bispectrum, information of the intermediate particle can be directly extracted from observations such as cosmological microwave background (CMB). Thus cosmological colliders can be powerful and promising tools to test theoretical models. In this paper, we study extremely light axions (including QCD axions and axion-like-particles), and consider them constituting cold dark matter (CDM) at late times. We are interested in inflationary isocurvature modes by such axions, and try to figure out how axion perturbations can behave as isocurvature colliders. We work out an example where the intermediate particle is a boson, and show that, in the squeezed limit, it is possible to provide a clock signal of significant amplitudes, with a characteristic angular dependence. This provides a channel to contribute and analyze clock signals of isocurvature bispectrum, which we may hopefully see in future experiments.
3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 3 generalized Giveon-Kutasov duality
Authors: Kubo Naotaka , Nii Keita
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We generalize the Giveon-Kutasov duality for the 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 U(N)k,k+nN Chern-Simons matter gauge theory with F fundamental hypermultiplets by introducing SU(N) and U(1) Chern-Simons levels differently. We study the supersymmetric partition functions and the superconformal indices of the duality, which supports the validity of the duality proposal. From the duality, we can map out the low-energy phases: for example, confinement appears for F + k − N = −n = 1 or N = 2F = k = −n = 2. For F + k − N < 0, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken, which is in accord with the fact that the partition function vanishes. In some cases, the theory shows supersymmetry enhancement to 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4. For k = 0, we comment on the magnetic description dual to the so-called “ugly” theory, where the usual decoupled sector is still interacting with others for n ≠ 0. We argue that the SU(N)0 “ugly-good” duality (which corresponds to the n → ∞ limit in our setup) is closely related to the S-duality of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(N) superconformal gauge theory with 2N fundamental hypermultiplets. By reducing the number of flavors via real masses, we suggest possible ways to flow to the “bad” theories.
Canagliflozin mitigates ferroptosis and ameliorates heart failure in rats with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ma Sai , He Li-Li , Zhang Guo-Rui , Zuo Qing-Juan , Wang Zhong-Li , Zhai Jian-Long , Zhang Ting-Ting , Wang Yan , Ma Hui-Juan , Guo Yi-Fang
Published: April 2022

Recently, hypoglycemic drugs belonging to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have generated significant interest due to their clear cardiovascular benefits for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) since there are no effective drugs that may improve clinical outcomes for these patients over a prolonged period. But, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly its effects on ferroptosis, a newly defined mechanism of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death during heart failure (HF). Here, with proteomics, we demonstrated that ferroptosis might be a key mechanism in a rat model of high-salt diet-induced HFpEF, characterized by iron overloading and lipid peroxidation, which was blocked following treatment with canagliflozin. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029031. The ferroptosis was evaluated with the levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain 1, transferrin receptor, Ferroportin 1, iron, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal. These findings highlight the fact that targeting ferroptosis may serve as a cardioprotective strategy for HFpEF prevention and suggest that canagliflozin may exert its cardiovascular benefits partly via its mitigation of ferroptosis.
A conceptual framework addressing the complex labour market dynamics of the work-to-retirement process
Authors: Leinonen Taina , Boets Isabelle , Pletea Elisabeta , Vandenbroeck Sofie , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Hasselhorn Hans Martin , de Wind Astrid
Published: April 2022

The way in which retirement is conceptualized and measured is likely to influence the research findings. The previous literature has addressed a wide range of elements related to the complex work-to-retirement process, such as early, late and partial retirement, statutory retirement, work disability and unemployment paths to retirement, or different types of bridge employment. However, conceptual clarity in terms of connections between the different elements is called for. We introduce a conceptual framework of the work-to-retirement process to guide its future measurement. Together with information on the statutory retirement age, the main elements of the framework are based on employment and pension receipt, acknowledging that these may overlap. The framework is flexible to the user, providing the possibility to add various specifications—e.g. of types of employment, types of pension receipt, unemployment, and being outside the labour force—depending on the study context and aims. The framework highlights the complexity of the work-to-retirement process, bringing forth its multifaceted, multiphased and multidirectional features. Accounting for such complexity in later-life labour market dynamics helps to elaborate what is actually addressed when investigating “retirement”. Our conceptual framework can be utilized to enhance well-defined, precise and comparable measurement of the work-to-retirement process in studies.
Generalized kings and single-elimination winners in random tournaments
Authors: Manurangsi Pasin , Suksompong Warut
Published: April 2022

Tournaments can be used to model a variety of practical scenarios including sports competitions and elections. A natural notion of strength of alternatives in a tournament is a generalized king: an alternative is said to be a k-king if it can reach every other alternative in the tournament via a directed path of length at most k. In this paper, we provide an almost complete characterization of the probability threshold such that all, a large number, or a small number of alternatives are k-kings with high probability in two random models. We show that, perhaps surprisingly, all changes in the threshold occur in the range of constant k, with the biggest change being between $$k=2$$

k
=
2

and $$k=3$$

k
=
3

. In addition, we establish an asymptotically tight bound on the probability threshold for which all alternatives are likely able to win a single-elimination tournament under some bracket.
Russellian Representationalism and the Stygian Hues
Authors: Sharp William A.
Published: April 2022

Representationalism is today the leading physicalist theory of the phenomenal character of perceptual experience. And Russellian representationalism, which identifies contents with extensions, is the leading iteration of that theory. If there exist phenomenally distinct experiences as of the impossible, then these wouldprima facieserve as counterexamples to the theory. In order that they definitively serve as counterexamples, it needs to be that there is no plausible account of the experiences on which they decompose into constituent elements each of which is unproblematic from the perspective of the theory. The contention of this paper is that thestygian color experiences, afterimage-experiences as of maximally dark, hued surfaces, of Churchland (Churchland, Philosophical Psychology 18:527–560, 2005) serve as counterexamples to Russellian representationalism.
Tales of Multifunctionality: a Systematic Quantitative Literature Review of Boomerangs Used as Retouchers in Australian Aboriginal Cultures
Authors: Martellotta Eva Francesca , Brumm Adam , Langley Michelle C.
Published: April 2022

Boomerangs are among the most recognisable elements of Australian Aboriginal technology. In the popular mindset, the prevailing image of these wooden artefacts is that of thrown implements that return to the thrower, principally used for hunting animals. However, boomerangs have a deep multipurpose role in Indigenous societies, with just a few examples of their known functions, including fighting, digging, and making music (i.e., “clap sticks”). Recently, yet another function for boomerangs has been proposed (Martellotta et al., 2021): the functional modification of lithic tools (i.e., retouching)—a form of use that is almost unknown among non-Aboriginal researchers. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of evidence for the use of boomerangs as lithic retouching tools (percussors). A detailed lexical analysis demonstrates similarities between Palaeolithic bone retouchers used for the same purposes as the Australian hardwood boomerangs, thus confirming our traceological hypothesis and the power of using a multidisciplinary approach in investigating Australia’s deep past. This paper provides the foundation for discussions surrounding the multipurpose concept behind many Aboriginal tools by focusing on the most iconic item. We propose that, in future studies, the complex technological and functional features of boomerangs should take precedence over their famous “returning effect”.
Are Extended Reality Interventions Effective in Helping Autistic Children to Enhance Their Social Skills? A Systematic Review
Authors: Roberts Rebecca , Stacey James , Jenner Susannah , Maguire Eloise
Published: April 2022

Autistic children’s social skills do not always align with those of their neurotypical peers and research suggests that this can negatively impact quality of life. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of extended reality (XR) interventions in helping autistic children to enhance their social skills. Five electronic databases were systematically searched and seventeen studies were identified. The majority targeted social-emotional reciprocity and were of relatively low quality. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether effects were generalisable, sustained or important to autistic people. Research in this field is in its infancy and evidence of effectiveness should be viewed with caution. Future studies should aim for high-quality, theory-driven research, and involve autistic people to ensure meaningful outcomes.

PROSPERO ID: CRD42021229442
Could wavefunctions simultaneously represent knowledge and reality?
Authors: Hance Jonte R. , Rarity John , Ladyman James
Published: April 2022

In discussion of the interpretation of quantum mechanics the terms ‘ontic’ and ‘epistemic’ are often used in the sense of pertaining to what exists, and pertaining to cognition or knowledge respectively. The terms are also often associated with the formal definitions given by Harrigan and Spekkens for the wavefunction in quantum mechanics to be $$\psi $$
ψ
-ontic or $$\psi $$
ψ
-epistemic in the context of the ontological models framework. The formal definitions are contradictories, so that the wavefunction can be either $$\psi $$
ψ
-epistemic or $$\psi $$
ψ
-ontic but not both. However, we argue, nothing about the informal ideas of epistemic and ontic interpretations rules out wavefunctions representing both reality and knowledge. The implications of the Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem and many other issues may be rethought in the light of our analysis.
A telemedicine-based approach with real-time transmission of blood glucose data improves metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetes: the DIAMONDS randomized clinical trial
Authors: Di Molfetta S. , Patruno P. , Cormio S. , Cignarelli A. , Paleari R. , Mosca A. , Lamacchia O. , De Cosmo S. , Massa M. , Natalicchio A. , Perrini S. , Laviola L. , Giorgino F.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate if a web-based telemedicine system (the Glucoonline® system) is effective to improve glucose control in insulin-treated patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as compared to standard of care.

Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial, carried out at three tertiary referral centers for diabetes in Italy. Adults with insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes, inadequate glycemic control, and no severe diabetes-related complications and/or comorbidities were eligible for this study. Patients were randomized to either perform telemedicine-assisted (Group A) or standard (Group B) self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) for 6 months. In Group A, patients received prompt feedback about their blood glucose levels and therapy suggestions from the study staff via phone/SMS, when appropriate. In Group B, patients had no remote assistance from the study staff between planned visits.

Results

123 patients were included in the final analysis. After 6 months, patients achieved a significant reduction in HbA1c in Group A (−0.38%, p < 0.05) but not in Group B (+ 0.08%, p = 0.53). A significant difference in the percentage of patients with HbA1c < 7% between Group A and Group B was found after 3 months (28.6% vs 11.1%, p = 0.02). Also, fewer patients (p < 0.05) with HbA1c > 8.5% were found in Group A vs Group B, respectively, after both 3 months (14.3% vs 35.2%) and 6 months (21.8% vs 42.9%).

Conclusions

The use of the Glucoonline™ system resulted in improved metabolic control. Telemedicine services have potential to support diabetes self-management and provide the patients with remote, prompt assistance using affordable technological equipment.

Trial registration This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01804803) on March 5, 2013.
Creating supply chain resilience during and post-COVID-19 outbreak: the organizational ambidexterity perspective
Authors: Ocicka Barbara , Mierzejewska Wioletta , Brzeziński Jakub
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the significance of organizational ambidexterity (OA) in creating supply chain resilience (SCRES) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological triangulation is applied in this study. A literature review, semi-structured online interviews and insights from open webinars serve as the sources of data. A framework, based on three pillars: validation, positioning and evaluation of business practices, is used for data analysis. The dependencies between OA activities and SCRES strategies are presented. The authors discuss their evolution during and in the post-pandemic period and outline the SCM trends in a strategic perspective. This paper investigates a pathway for closing the gap between OA theory and industry practice to create SCRES during and post-COVID-19 outbreak. This article starts the discussion on creating SCRES through OA. Future quantitative and qualitative research should explore the applicability of OA to enhance SCRES in a dynamic environment. Understanding the critical connection between exploitation and exploration practices and how OA influences SCRES provides valuable insight into the subject to supply chain managers supporting them in pursuing their roles successfully in the times of crisis. This study is focused on two concepts, OA and SCRES, of critical importance for how practitioners manage supply chains in the times of crisis. The resilience of supply chains to crises is crucial for the well-being of societies.
Wie, wann und warum nutzen Schüler*innen Lerngelegenheiten im Unterricht? Eine übergreifende Diskussion der Beiträge zum Thementeil
Authors: Vieluf Svenja
Published: April 2022

Was und wie viel in der Schule gelernt wird, hängt nicht nur von der Gestaltung des Lernangebotes ab, sondern auch davon, ob und wie dieses von den Schüler*innen genutzt wird. Zudem kann die Art der Nutzung von Lerngelegenheiten auch den Unterrichtsverlauf mitprägen. Nutzung zu verstehen ist insofern zentral, um die Wirksamkeit von Unterricht erklären zu können. Der vorliegende Diskussionsbeitrag hat zum Ziel, vier quantitative Analysen von Nutzungsprozessen vor der theoretischen Folie der Angebots-Nutzungs-Modelle integrierend zu diskutieren und dabei Antworten auf drei bis dato nicht abschließend beantwortete Fragen zu suchen: 1. Was ist Nutzung? 2. Wie lassen sich Nutzungsprozesse empirisch erfassen? 3. Wovon hängt es ab, ob Schüler*innen Lerngelegenheiten im Unterricht nutzen? Auf dieser Basis skizziere ich mögliche Entwicklungsrichtungen künftiger Forschung über Lernen im Unterricht. So argumentiere ich, dass besonders Analysen von Ursachen für individuelle Unterschiede in Schwankungen der Nutzung über die Zeit hinweg das Verständnis des Zusammenspiels zwischen Unterrichtsangebot, individuellen Merkmalen und der Nutzung des Angebotes weiter voranbringen können. Stärker berücksichtigt werden sollte künftig außerdem die theoretische Annahme, dass die Beziehungen zwischen diesen Faktoren in vielen Fällen reziprok und nicht monodirektional sind. Weiterhin könnte es fruchtbar sein, nicht nur typische Reaktionen auf bestimmte Unterrichtskonstellationen zu untersuchen, sondern Möglichkeitsräume, die durch spezifische Unterrichtsereignisse eröffnet werden, zu explorieren. Auf einer forschungspraktischen Ebene erscheint es – aufgrund der multiplen Herausforderungen bei der Messung von Nutzung – schließlich ratsam, künftig stärker auf Multi-Method-Designs zurückzugreifen.
Study of water quality, socio-economic status and policy intervention in spring ecosystems of Tripura, Northeast India
Authors: Barman Prabir , Ghosh Jayanta , Deb Sourabh
Published: April 2022

Spring is vital in all hilly areas. Without question, springs have aided in the advancement of human civilization. Mountain springs supply water to rural families in the Northeast. This spring ecological study was conducted in Dhalai, Tripura, with socio-economic policy significance. The springs chosen were Jamircherra (JS) and Govindabari (GS). The seasonal features of each spring were studied. The monsoon season is used to bring the life-giving flow of perennial springs. Several water quality indicators like WT, pH, EC, TDS, Turb, TH, DO, BOD, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl−, No3, Po4were examined to assess the risk of spring contamination. The most common aberrant results are samples having excessive phosphate (PO42−) and turbidity levels compared to norms. The spring's water quality was tested using the weighted arithmetic index methodology. The water quality at the two springs was adequate but not great throughout the year, causing human deaths from water-borne diseases. Thus, policy implementation was emphasized to save the spring and human life. A physicochemical evaluation of both springs was used to describe a techno-legal component of Environmental regulations.
Anosov flows on -manifolds: the surgeries and the foliations
Authors: BONATTI CHRISTIAN , IAKOVOGLOU IOANNIS
Published: April 2022

Every Anosov flow on a 3-manifold is associated to a bifoliated plane (a plane endowed with two transverse foliations
$F^s$
and
$F^u$
) which reflects the normal structure of the flow endowed with the center-stable and center-unstable foliations. A flow is
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered if
$F^s$
(or equivalently
$F^u$
) is trivial. On the other hand, from any Anosov flow one can build infinitely many others by Dehn–Goodman–Fried surgeries. This paper investigates how these surgeries modify the bifoliated plane. We first observe that surgeries along orbits corresponding to disjoint simple closed geodesics do not affect the bifoliated plane of the geodesic flow of a hyperbolic surface (Theorem 1). Analogously, for any non-
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered Anosov flow, surgeries along pivot periodic orbits do not affect the branching structure of its bifoliated plane (Theorem 2). Next, we consider the set
$\mathcal{S}urg(A)$
of Anosov flows obtained by Dehn–Goodman–Fried surgeries from the suspension flow
$X_A$
of any hyperbolic matrix
$A \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$
. Fenley proved that performing only positive (or negative) surgeries on
$X_A$
leads to
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered Anosov flows. We study here Anosov flows obtained by a combination of positive and negative surgeries on
$X_A$
. Among other results, we build non-
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered Anosov flows on hyperbolic manifolds. Furthermore, we show that given any flow
$X\in \mathcal{S}urg(A)$
there exists
$\epsilon>0$
such that every flow obtained from
$X$
by a non-trivial surgery along any
$\epsilon$
-dense periodic orbit
$\gamma$
is
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered (Theorem 4). Analogously, for any flow
$X \in \mathcal{S}urg(A)$
there exist periodic orbits
$\gamma_+,\gamma_-$
such that every flow obtained from
$X$
by surgeries with distinct signs on
$\gamma_+$
and
$\gamma_-$
is non-
$\mathbb{R}$
-covered (Theorem 5).
Benefits and Challenges of a Hybrid Distance Education Program for Autistic School-Age Students: Parent, Student and Teacher Perspectives
Authors: Haas Kaaren , Carter Mark , Stephenson Jennifer , Gibbs Vicki
Published: April 2022

Parents whose autistic1 child’s needs are not met within mainstream schooling may seek alternative modes of education, such as home or distance education. There is a paucity of research on the delivery of home or distance education programs for autistic students. This study reports on the experiences of parents, students and teachers in the inaugural year of Australia’s first hybrid distance education program (distance education with parent/carers as supervisors) specifically designed for autistic students. Interviews with eight parents, four students and two teachers gathered their perceptions of the program’s benefits, challenges and suggestions for improvements. All parents, students and teachers reported positive overall perceptions of and experiences in the program, and a range of outcomes for students and parents. Flexibility was identified as a key benefit of the program. Challenges identified included a lack of opportunities for students’ social interactions and the effort required of parents to support their child’s participation. Additional longitudinal research is needed to determine the long-term impact of programs of this type and to evaluate strategies for increasing student independence.
Cowboys and the Imperial Ecology of Beef
Authors: Hiltner Aaron
Published: April 2022

Beef creates an emotional resonance that far outstrips its place within the market. In the 2000s, chicken may have dethroned beef as the most common meat on American plates, ending its reign since the 1940s, but most people do not seem to associate chicken breasts or poultry farmers with national identity the way Americans see ribeyes and cowboys as symbols of the nation's muscular, frontier past.
Sudden loss of smell and taste: clinical predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 infection
Authors: Jain A , Kaur J , Kahlon N , Singh M , Rai A K , Hans M , Hans V M , Dhankar S , Kumar S , Pandey A K
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aimed: to evaluate the association between coronavirus disease 2019 infection and olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients presenting to the out-patient department with influenza-like illness, who underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for coronavirus; and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of olfactory and taste dysfunction and other symptoms in these patients.

Methods

Patients presenting with influenza-like illness to the study centre in September 2020 were included in the study. The symptoms of patients who tested positive for coronavirus on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing were compared to those with negative test results.

Results

During the study period, 909 patients, aged 12–70 years, presented with influenza-like illness; of these, 316 (34.8 per cent) tested positive for coronavirus. Only the symptoms of olfactory and taste dysfunction were statistically more significant in patients testing positive for coronavirus than those testing negative.

Conclusion

During the pandemic, patients presenting to the out-patient department with sudden loss of sense of smell or taste may be considered as positive for coronavirus disease 2019, until proven otherwise.
Social capital and alcohol risks among older adults (50 years and over): analysis from the Drink Wise Age Well Survey
Authors: Adnum Laura , Elliott Lawrie , Raeside Robert , Wadd Sarah , Madoc-Jones Iolo , Donnelly Michael
Published: April 2022

Although there has been significant research on the relationship between alcohol consumption and demographic and psychological influences, this does not consider the effect of social influence among older drinkers and if these effects differ between men and women. One aspect of social influence is social capital. The aim of this paper is to examine whether relational and cognitive social capital are associated with higher or lower risk of alcohol use among adults aged 50 years or older and to assess the extent to which this relationship differs between men and women. To investigate this, data were collected from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of adults over the age of 50 in the United Kingdom who were recruited from general practitioners. The sample consisted of 9,984 individuals whose mean age was 63.87 years. From these data, we developed proxy measures of social capital and associate these with the respondent's level of alcohol consumption as measured on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-10) scale. In the sample, just over 20 per cent reported an increasing risk or dependency on alcohol. Using two expressions of social capital – relational (social relationships) and cognitive (knowledge acquisition and understanding) – we found that greater levels of both are associated with a reduced risk of higher drinking risk. Being female had no significant effect when combined with relational capital but did have a significant effect when combined with cognitive capital. It is argued that interventions to enhance social relations among older people and education to help understand alcohol risks would be helpful to protect older people from the damaging effects of excessive alcohol consumption.
HOW RELIABLE ARE BOOTSTRAP-BASED HETEROSKEDASTICITY ROBUST TESTS?
Authors: Pötscher Benedikt M. , Preinerstorfer David
Published: April 2022

We develop theoretical finite-sample results concerning the size of wild bootstrap-based heteroskedasticity robust tests in linear regression models. In particular, these results provide an efficient diagnostic check, which can be used to weed out tests that are unreliable for a given testing problem in the sense that they overreject substantially. This allows us to assess the reliability of a large variety of wild bootstrap-based tests in an extensive numerical study.
Does domain-general auditory processing uniquely explain the outcomes of second language speech acquisition, even once cognitive and demographic variables are accounted for?
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Cui Haining , Suzukida Yui , Dardon Diego Elisandro , Suzuki Yuichi , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Révész Andrea , Sugiura Motoaki , Tierney Adam
Published: April 2022

Extending the paradigm in L1 acquisition, scholars have begun to investigate whether participants’ domain-general ability to represent, encode, and integrate spectral and temporal dimensions of sounds (i.e., auditory processing) could be a potential determinant of the outcomes of post-pubertal L2 speech learning. The current study set out to test the hypothesis that auditory processing makes auniquecontribution to L2 speech acquisition, for 70 Japanese classroom learners of English with different levels of L2 proficiency when biographical backgrounds (length of instruction and immersion)andmemory abilities (working, declarative, and procedural memory) are controlled for. Auditory processing loaded onto modality-general capacities to represent and incorporate anchor stimuli (relative to target stimuli) into long-term memory in an implicit fashion, but dissociated from explicit abilities to remember, associate, and elaborate sensory information. Auditory processing explained a small-to-medium amount of variance in L2 speech learning, even after the other potentially confounding variables were statistically factored out.
Conversations with Professor Bill Cornish: Legal History in Context, and Defining Elusive Concepts as Intellectual Property
Authors: Dingle Lesley
Published: April 2022

Professor Bill Cornish was a legal scholar of vision, who was well ahead of his time in two widely disparate areas, and in both he became a recognised leader and authority: legal history and intellectual property law. In the former he applied what was then the novel approach of stressing the contemporary social conditions to which the extant law had to apply - something that modern commentators could well ponder, but which he was honest enough to acknowledge was also criticised by some of his peers at the time. As for intellectual property law, his place as the ‘father of intellectual property teaching and scholarship in the UK’ was acclaimed by his admission as a Fellow of the British Academy in 1984, and his place as the inaugural occupant of the Herchel Smith Professor of Intellectual Property Law, at Cambridge (1995–2004). Both these activities had their origins in Bill's long stay (1970–1990) as professor of law at the London School of Economics, where he was influenced by their emphasis on societal tertiary education, and his friendship with the renowned Anglo-German scholar Otto Kahn-Freund, respectively. In reality, though, Bill's upbringing in the unique milieu of immediate post-War South Australia, which he describes as a backwater of tranquility, and his urge to see Europe were the roots of his expansive vision of the law. Lesley Dingle interviewed Bill for the Eminent Scholars Archive (ESA) in 2015, nine years after his retirement, and these observations of this remarkable scholar are based on those conversations, and her readings of his works.
A Hire Purpose: Skills for Interviewers
Authors: Breslin Jas
Published: April 2022

There is plenty of advice for those about to take an interview for a job, but what about if you're sitting on the other side of the table? Here Jas Breslin, Research & Information Services Manager at top city law firm Charles Russell Speechlys, guides us though the key things to keep in mind when you're the one asking the questions.
Exploration of Domain Relevance by Legal Professionals in Information Retrieval Systems
Authors: Wiggers Gineke , Verberne Suzan , Zwenne Gerrit-Jan , Van Loon Wouter
Published: April 2022

This paper, written by Gineke Wiggers, Suzan Verberne, Gerrit-Jan Zwenne and Wouter Van Loon, addresses the concept of ‘relevance’ in relation to legal information retrieval (IR). They investigate whether the conceptual framework of relevance in legal IR, as described by Van Opijnen and Santos in their paper published in 2017, can be confirmed in practice.1 The research is conducted with a user questionnaire in which users of a legal IR system had to choose which of two results they would like to see ranked higher for a query and were asked to provide a reason for their choice. To avoid questions with an obvious answer and extract as much information as possible about the reasoning process, the search results were chosen to differ on relevance factors from the literature, where one result scores high on one factor, and the other on another factor. The questionnaire had eleven pairs of search results. A total of 43 legal professionals participated consisting of 14 legal information specialists, 6 legal scholars and 23 legal practitioners. The results confirmed the existence of domain relevance as described in the theoretical framework by Van Opijnen and Santos as published in 2017.2 Based on the factors mentioned by the respondents, the authors of this paper concluded that document type, recency, level of depth, legal hierarchy, authority, usability and whether a document is annotated are factors of domain relevance that are largely independent of the task context. The authors also investigated whether different sub-groups of users of legal IR systems (legal information specialists who are searching for others, legal scholars and also for legal practitioners) differ in terms of the factors they consider in judging the relevance of legal documents outside of a task context. Using a PERMANOVA there was found to be no significant difference in the factors reported by these groups. At this moment there is no reason to treat these sub-groups differently in legal IR systems.
Blanket NOP rules and regional realities: from the field
Authors: Miller Emily M. , Hendrickson Mary , Murakami Christopher , Clark Kerry
Published: April 2022

There are fewer Certified Organic producers in the Mid-South US (southern half of Missouri, western Kentucky and Tennessee, northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma) than in other regions of the country such as the Upper Midwest, West Coast, or Northeastern US. Taus et al. (2013) The Professional Geographer 65, 87–102, posit that these clusters suggest regional characteristics impact adoption of organic agriculture and admit that regional studies lack consensus on the role of factors that drive adoption. This paper seeks to understand if there are regionally distinct challenges and opportunities for organic production in the region. Fourteen certified organic producers in Missouri were interviewed and areas of challenges and opportunities specific to their certification were identified within the three a priori themes of (1) biophysical characteristics, (2) marketing infrastructure and (3) financial feasibility. We suggest directions for future policy support from the National Organic Program (NOP) and bolstered feedback structures within the National Organic Standards Board to address regional disparities.
Subakute schlaffe Tetraparese
Authors: Hunziker Lisa , Dracklé Jan
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die Patientin hat sich mit einer subakuten schlaffen Tetraparese mit erhaltenen Muskeleigenreflexen vorgestellt. Gemäss Klinik, Laboranalysen, EMG, MRT und Muskelbiopsie stellten wir die Diagnose einer Statin-assoziierten, immun-mediierten nekrotisierenden Myopathie. Eine neurologische Rehabilitation und die Therapie mit Prednisolon und Azathioprin erbrachten nicht die gewünschten Ergebnisse. Nach zwei Zyklen Privigen® war die Patientin annährend beschwerdefrei, im Alltag nicht mehr eingeschränkt und die CK fiel auf 400U/l.
Die Bedeutung des Körpers aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive
Authors: Halioua Robin , Claussen Malte Christian
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. In der klinischen Praxis sind Patient_innen, die stark unzufrieden mit der Beschaffenheit oder dem Aussehen ihres Körpers sind, häufig. Viele versuchen mittels Körperpraktiken, ihren Körper entsprechend den eigenen Idealvorstellungen zu formen. Dabei geht es aber um weit mehr als um blosses Aussehen. Der Körper ist ein zentrales Element der menschlichen Identität. Das Verhältnis, das wir zu unserem Körper haben ist sozial geprägt und widerspiegelt die Fragen danach, wer wir sind und wie wir wahrgenommen werden möchten. Die Bedürfnisse nach Bindung und Kontrolle stellen hierbei zentrale Motive dar: Beim Bindungsbedürfnis dient die Körperpraxis primär der sozialen Anerkennung, sei es, um positiv oder nicht negativ aufzufallen. Beim Kontrollbedürfnis dient der Körper als fügbares Objekt der Selbstermächtigung.
IPED-Gebrauch im Freizeitsport
Authors: Iff Samuel , Butzke Ingo , Zitzmann Michael , Schneiter Roger , Hunziker Manuela , Quednow Boris B. , Claussen Malte Christian
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. IPED-Anwendende nehmen medizinische Hilfe in Anspruch, um Unsicherheiten bei der Anwendung zu erörtern. Die Betroffenen trauen sich oft aus Scham oder Angst vor Stigmatisierung kaum, über ihren Konsum zu sprechen und befürchten Vorurteile und einen Mangel an Erfahrung in der Betreuung dieser spezifischen Patientengruppe. Um das Vertrauen zu stärken, ist eine nicht wertende, nicht stigmatisierende und unterstützende Haltung unerlässlich. Die Interaktion soll primär zum Verständnis führen, warum IPEDs konsumiert werden, welche Sorgen vorliegen und warum medizinische Hilfe gesucht wird, ohne zu werten oder das Verhalten zu verurteilen. Sollte im Gespräch keine Motivation zur Sistierung gefunden werden, sollte eine Schadensminderung angestrebt und die Folgen des Konsums behandelt werden. Regelmässige Gespräche und aktive Schadensminderung sollen das Vertrauen in die evidenzbasierte Behandlung stärken, um eine persönliche Motivation zur Sistierung unter medizinischer Betreuung zu erreichen.
The Role of the Representativeness Heuristic in Probability Judgments	of Heart Attack and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Dominguez Antonio Pineda , Laborín Álvarez Jesús Francisco , Gaxiola Romero José C. , Borbón Morales Carlos G. , Caire-Juvera Graciela , Candia-Plata Maria del C.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Background: Diabetes continues to be a major health problem around the globe, and low treatment adherence continues to hinder clinical outcomes. Risk perception has been considered to guide the decision-making processes, and in recent years, the bounded rationality theory and cognitive heuristics have proved to be a useful lens to gain insight into informal and irrational reasoning. In particular, heuristics for the estimation of event frequencies and probabilities are considered to be relevant to the field of health behaviors. It is possible that the risk perceptions that determine patients’ adherence could be generated by these heuristics. Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the representativeness heuristic in risk perceptions related to heart attacks and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method: Cross-sectional study with 342 patients attending a public hospital in an urban setting to treat their diabetes. Results: The heuristic was correlated through both its mechanisms with CHD and heart attack. Evidence suggests that the representativeness heuristic might play a role in probability judgments related to heart complications in patients with T2D. Limitations: Only CHD and heart attack were included in the study, and the heuristic could correlate with the risk perception of other complications as well as the perceived risks and benefits of the diabetes treatment. Conclusion: We call for researchers to further study these heuristics in the context of treatment adherence of T2D patients.
Formation of the Electron Inflow Along the Separatrices During Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Nan Jia , Huang Kai , Lu Quanming , Lu San , Wang Rongsheng , Xie Jinlin , Zheng Jian , Wang Shui
Published: April 2022

In this paper, by performing two‐dimensional (2‐D) particle‐in‐cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection in a Harris current sheet, we analyze the formation of electron inflow along the separatrices toward the X‐line from the perspective of fluid. The results show that both the parallel electric field and mirror force can drive the electron inflow to stream toward the X‐line. The speed of the electron inflow can reach about 4VA(where VA is the Alfvén speed based on the upstream asymptotic magnetic field magnitude and peak density in the current sheet). Although the contribution of the parallel electric field is much larger than that of the mirror force, the mirror force cannot be ignored. When the electron inflow streams toward the X‐line, it is heated in the parallel direction. The resulted gradient of the parallel electron pressure leads to the attenuation of the electron inflow. We also investigate the effects of the density and temperature of the background plasma on the formation of the electron inflow. With the decrease of the background plasma density, the contribution of the parallel electric field becomes larger while that of the mirror force almost remains unchanged. With the decrease of the background plasma temperature, the contribution of the parallel electric field becomes larger while that of the mirror force becomes smaller.