bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L' immagine di Federico II di Svevia
Authors: Vagnoni Mirko
Published: February 2021

La critica storiografica ha spesso visto, forse un po’ troppo entusiasticamente, la rappresentazione dell’imperatore Federico II di Svevia in una cospicua serie di manufatti artistici. Passando in rassegna presunte e reali raffigurazioni dello Svevo nella sfragistica, nella numismatica, nella glittica, nell’oreficeria, nella scultura, nella pittura e nella miniatura, in questo saggio si fa lo Status quaestionis sulla ritrattistica fridericiana cercando di delineare quali furono le immagini prodotte all’interno della sua corte e su sua stessa iniziativa, in altre parole le sue raffigurazioni ufficiali. Giungeremo così, dopo un percorso ad esclusione che lascerà ben pochi superstiti, a rintracciare quei ritratti che lo Stupor mundi volle dare di sé e che ancora oggi sono conservati.
Sex and the City: Silens and Nymphs in Ancient Greek Pottery
Authors: Diez Platas Fátima
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the images of Silens and Nymphs together, especially in erotic scenes on black-figure vases from the sixth century B. C., usually considered as a repeated stock images, belonging to the general imagery of the Dionysiac thiasos. A further analysis on a few archaic vases shows that the erotic relationship between Silens and Nymphs have several features in common with mythic pursuit or rape scenes, and could be iconographically read as an attempt of showing an inversion of the heroic erotic values, proposing a counterpart model of the kind of wild love, which takes place in the imaginary world outside of the limits of the polis.
Iconografía musical en el románico de la provincia de Soria
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Nerea
Published: February 2021

El trabajo parte del análisis iconográfico de la portada de Santo Domingo de Soria y el posterior recorrido por todo el románico de esa provincia con la elaboración de rutas en busca del resto de fuentes musicales. El resultado de este trabajo de investigación es la recopilación de toda la iconografía musical románica de la provincia de Soria, sus posibles vías de influencia y la catalogación de las fuentes, con una relación de escenas musicales localizadas en el románico de esa provincia, y una serie de fuentes musicales encontradas en el exterior de 20 localidades de las 210 examinadas.
The Chapel of La Misericordia in the Quarter of Flores, Buenos Aires
Authors: Manzi Ofelia , Grau-Dieckmann Patricia
Published: February 2021

One of the most interesting areas of research of the Gothic Revival in Argentina is the study of chapels built for the use of religious schools’ communities. Among these, the Chapel of La Misericordia helped to determine the scope and characteristics of the neo-Gothic style in Argentina. The windows are a recreation of the Gothic openings. Their decorative motifs derive from Winchester style manuscripts, while the figures clearly show Pre-Raphaelite reminiscences. This apparent aesthetic paradox conveys a message unchanged for centuries in a traditional medium such as a neo-Gothic cover, although adapted to the sentimental sensitivity for a girls’ school chapel. In this article we will focus on the iconographic analyses of the astounding stained-glass windows crafted in the 1930s by the Tiroler Glasmalerei Anstalt of Innsbruck.
Experimentando las imágenes en los museos
Authors: Pazos-López Ángel , Alonso Tak Alejandra
Published: February 2021

Editorial de Museo. Imagen. Sentidos. El monográfico examina, a través de una veintena de artículos científicos, las relaciones existentes entre la experiencia visual y sensorial en los museos. Para ello, reúne trabajos relacionados con historia del arte, teoría visual, comunicación, acción cultural y social en los museos, así como nuevos proyectos museológicos que tienen como finalidad acercar el arte a una cada vez mayor diversidad de personas.
Follow the Light
Authors: García Acosta Pablo
Published: February 2021

In this article we compare the language of light used by Dante Alighieri with the one used by his “heretical” contemporary Marguerite dicta Porete (†1310) to express the final contact- vision of God. We will analyze both authors’ use of the images of light, of the gradual ascent and of the knot, placing their books in the context of the theological doctrines concerning the visio Dei in the 14th century. This will allow us to posit the authors’ shared eschatological background based on the conception of God as a visible being who radiates his love and knowledge through the created universe. In conclusion, we will discuss the visual and narrative strategies these authors employed in order to express a relationship with the divine, focusing on the historical heterodox implications of the Commedia and the Mirouer.
Introducción a la museología sensorial como herramienta de inclusión social
Authors: Comas Camacho Carme
Published: February 2021

Los museos han cambiado su centro de interés, del objeto expuesto fríamente, a tener como objetivo principal llegar a todos los públicos. El visitante se entiende como destinatario, como usuario, como eje vertebrador que debe dar sentido a las propuestas, y el museo empieza a entenderse como un espacio abierto, de socialización, de educación e incluso, de ocio. Los Museos de Esplugues han dado un giro en los últimos años para adaptarse a las nuevas exigencias del contexto actual de museos. A través de su programa de accesibilidad, se intenta situar a los museos en el camino de la museología social, de la que surgen diferentes ramas o líneas de investigación completarías: museología inclusiva, museología participativa, museología crítica, entre otras. A partir de 2015, nos iniciamos en una nueva disciplina, la museología sensorial, que nos lleva a afirmar que las actividades sensoriales tienen un gran recorrido como herramientas de inclusión social.
Il mirabile castello
Authors: Zonno Sabina
Published: February 2021

Al centro dell'interesse di questo saggio sta uno splendido ma poco noto Salterio inglese attualmente conservato presso la Biblioteca Queriniana di Brescia in Italia. Trattasi di un manoscritto riccamente decorato e confezionato in East Anglia tra gli anni Venti e gli Anni Trenta del Trecento. Si sono analizzate nel dettaglio le peculiarità di questo libro, le feste del calendario dell'uso di Sarum e le note necrologiche ad esso aggiunte, l'iconografia, l'iconologia e lo stile della decorazione. Di particolare interesse risulta l'originale miniatura in apertura del libro raffigurante il re Davide all'interno di un ambiente assai cortese. Si è preso in esame il ruolo del castello come luogo dell'opposizione tra la virtù e il vizio e l'esplorazione, del tutto inedita, dei molteplici significati presenti in questa miniatura ha rivelato una particolarissima contaminazione di tradizioni testuali e visive differenti.
Anubis y Upuaut, dioses caninos que se complementan en sus funciones funerarias
Authors: Bontempo Sofía
Published: February 2021

Desde comienzos de la civilización egipcia estuvo presente la creencia en una continuación de la vida después de la muerte. Esta convicción estaba íntimamente relacionada con la idea de que para poder sobrevivir en el Más Allá hacía falta que el cuerpo no corrompido actuara como soporte de la parte espiritual. Los tempranos enterramientos eran víctimas fáciles y frecuentes de los depredadores del desierto, especialmente de los chacales. La visión de un chacal junto a un cuerpo momificado bajo condiciones naturales, incentivó la creencia en esta figura animal como conductora de las almas hacia el Más Allá. Hay dos dioses que sobresalen en su función funeraria: Anubis y Upuaut. Ambos mantienen papeles específicos, y cada una de sus funciones se alterna y complementa con la del otro. En este sentido, ambos pueden ser considerados como dos facetas complementarias que brindan protección en el pasaje hacia el mundo de los muertos.
El giro educativo del arte como herramienta para la transformación social en los nuevos museos del siglo XXI
Authors: González-García Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Durante la última década, asistimos a una serie de situaciones que posicionan a lo educativo como un asunto central que atañe directamente al mundo del arte, lo cual podemos constatar al revisar estrategias de comisariado de algunas exposiciones, propuestas de actividades en talleres o foros de debate. Este testigo es recogido por el nuevo modelo de museo que propone el hipermediatizado siglo XXI, abierto a la atención de las demandas del público, así como al compromiso con la comunidad y a la interacción social. Estas nuevas aplicaciones hacen al público partícipe de una actual experiencia transversal del arte que deja atrás la vieja concepción del museo como contenedor de una colección. El museo actual, en cambio, es pensado para ser dinámico.
Exhibiendo el rito
Authors: Pazos-López Ángel
Published: February 2021

La liturgia penetraba en la vida del hombre cristiano medieval, haciéndose presente de forma cotidiana en todas las esferas de su existencia. Las posibilidades interpretativas del pasado ritual de la Edad Media que ofrecen algunas obras exhibidas en los museos de arte son enormemente amplias: desde acercar al público general a la dimensión cultual cristiana de hace mil años, hasta posibilitar nuevos paradigmas científicos a investigadores en estudios rituales. A partir del análisis de algunos casos paradigmáticos de instituciones nacionales e internacionales, se proponen criterios y reflexiones para acercarse a la cultura ritual del cristianismo medieval, centrada en los artefactos que se conservan y exhiben al público.
La Santa Ana Triple en el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Buenos Aires
Authors: Montemurro María Laura
Published: February 2021

El Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes conserva entre su patrimonio de esculturas antiguas y medievales, una talla alemana del siglo XVI que representa a Santa Ana con la Virgen y el Niño. Esta iconografía conocida como Santa Ana Triple, o Anna Selbdritt en alemán, adquiere mucha popularidad en el norte de Europa. La lectura más corriente sobre esta iconografía interpreta las figuras de María y el Niño como atributos de Ana. Sin embargo, las particularidades en la representación de las figuras de Ana y María en ésta y otras tallas semejantes dejan, a nuestro juicio, una serie de cuestiones sin considerar. A partir de estas observaciones, el presente artículo propone una nueva lectura basada principalmente en la ausencia de rasgos de vejez en la representación de Santa Ana así como en las ambigüedadades presentes en la efigie de María.
La psicología del arte “Ultramoderno” en los ensayos del doctor Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora
Authors: Trujillo Arrogante Pedro José
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este artículo es extender unas aproximaciones al estudio de la psicología del arte de Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora en su contexto, cuyo objeto se basó en descubrir las causas y los efectos de la inspiración y la creación artística “Ultramoderna”. Así, se observan aspectos en los que incide mucho la idea de la pureza en los seres humanos, la subjetividad, la introspección o la relación con el entorno. Se analizará, además, las influencias que pudieron embarcarle en este trabajo, centradas, principalmente, en su estancia en Alemania, donde conoció a algunos personajes como Hans Prinzhorn y Emil Kraepelin. Esta teoría dio como resultado cinco ensayos publicados a lo largo de los años 10´ y 20´ del siglo pasado.
Le programme iconographique du système d’élévation de la tour de la nef de l’église de la Vraie Croix de Pătrăuți
Authors: Dragnev Emile
Published: February 2021

L’église de Pătrăuți, bâtie en 1487 par le prince régnant de Moldavie, Étienne le Grand, a reçue son décor de peintures après cette date. C’est la plus ancienne des églises conservées, dont la tour de la nef est élevée sur un système de deux séries d’arcs superposés, appelé “voûte moldave”, et présente le premier exemple d’adaptation du programme iconographique au ce nouveau type d’élévation de la tour. Structurellement, le programme iconographique du système d’élèvement de la voûte est en continuité des principales dispositions de l’époque paléologue, mais en introduisant des éléments nouveaux, qui seront assimilés par la peinture murale postérieure en Moldavie, ce que lui accorde une position intermédiaire entre les traditions de la peinture byzantine et post-byzantine du XVIe siècle. D’un intérêt particulier sont les inscriptions sur les rouleaux des prophètes, lesquelles suivent seulement en partie le répertoire de l’époque précédente, et se distinguent par un accent eschatologique prononcé.
Os Animais nas Cantigas de Santa Maria (I)
Authors: De Carvalho Mendes Augusto
Published: February 2021

Nesse artigo foi analisada a representação dos animais nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, obra poética composta por Dom Afonso X, o Sábio. Para tanto, selecionamos todas as passagens das Cantigas de Santa Maria referentes aos animais e as comparamos com textos antigos e medievais, textos tanto da tradição simbólica quanto da científica, relativos a eles. Após um estudo sistemático, tanto dos textos quanto das ricas iluminuras que os acompanham, pudemos concluir que os animais são representados nas Cantigas de Santa Maria de um modo realista, em oposição ao modo simbólico, muito comum no período medieval. Tal característica observada na obra em questão é prenhe de conseqüências. Uma delas, que é abordada nesse artigo é que resultado desse estudo sistemático corrobora a tese de que as Cantigas de Santa Maria fazem parte da literatura gótica. Por fim, tentaremos articular a visão gótica do mundo com uma visão científica do mundo.
Relatos de los orígenes en la Atenea Parthenos
Authors: Abramovich Lorena Valeria
Published: February 2021

En la estatua criselefantina del Parthenón aparecían simbolizados dos relatos de los orígenes: El de la humanidad sexuada, representado por Pandora, y el de la estirpe ateniense, contenido en la figura de Erecteo. La inclusión de la serpiente ctónica se relaciona extrechamente con el programa iconográfico del Partenón, monumento que exalta las virtudes cívicas y los mitos vernáculos. Sin embargo, la introducción de Pandora, que remite a tradiciones helénicas más amplias, resulta más problemática de dilucidar en este contexto. Postulamos aquí que la figura de Pandora está estrechamente relacionada con los mitos de autoctonía y que su figura es una contra-imagen de esta pretensión ateniense. Pandora personifica el origen mítico de la humanidad del que Atenas puede despegarse apelando al mito de Erecteo, de modo que se construye otro genos diferente y superior al resto. Atenas se eleva desde los mismos orígenes, desde Erecteo, por sobre la estirpe de Pandora.
Os Animais nas Cantigas de Santa Maria (II)
Authors: De Carvalho Mendes Augusto
Published: February 2021

Nesse artigo foi analisada a representação dos animais nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, obra poética composta por Dom Afonso X, o Sábio. Para tanto, selecionamos todas as passagens das Cantigas de Santa Maria referentes aos animais e as comparamos com textos antigos e medievais, textos tanto da tradição simbólica quanto da científica, relativos a eles. Após um estudo sistemático, tanto dos textos quanto das ricas iluminuras que os acompanham, pudemos concluir que os animais são representados nas Cantigas de Santa Maria de um modo realista, em oposição ao modo simbólico, muito comum no período medieval. Tal característica observada na obra em questão é prenhe de conseqüências. Uma delas, que é abordada nesse artigo é que resultado desse estudo sistemático corrobora a tese de que as Cantigas de Santa Maria fazem parte da literatura gótica. Por fim, tentaremos articular a visão gótica do mundo com uma visão científica do mundo.
"Hipno". El sueño en el Museo del Prado
Authors: Carrasco Ferrer Marta , Elvira Barba Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2021

Hipno, en latín Somnus, el Sueño, es más una personificación que una figura mítica, aunque intervenga en ciertas leyendas. Sin embargo, aquí nos interesa porque aparece en tres esculturas del Museo del Prado, y cada una de ellas plantea problemas distintos, tanto iconográficos como históricos. El presente estudio analiza por separado con el fin de mostrar cuántos enfoques pueden adoptarse ante las esculturas ideales de época romana.
Persuadir para Fazer Crer
Authors: Silva Rocha Tereza Renata
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho é dedicado aos elementos de persuasão presentes no texto da Legenda Áurea (1260-1298) escrita pelo frade dominicano Jacopo de Varazze. Destaca-se o uso retórico de elementos do maravilhoso – principalmente da atuação do Diabo e dos demônios— no texto, com o intuito de convencer os leitores/ouvintes. Trata-se de uma pedagogia sobre o mal que chega aos laicos através da pregação, já que o texto da Legenda é um instrumento utilizado pelos pregadores para transmitir os ensinamentos cristãos.
Análisis iconográfico de la portada del Templo de San Francisco de Asís en Tepeapulco Hidalgo
Authors: Moreno Vidal Carmen Fabiola
Published: February 2021

La portada del templo de Tepeapulco a pesar de sus reducidas dimensiones y de su aparente sencillez, posee gran cantidad de elementos decorativos realizados con fines didácticos. Esta portada concebida por los frailes pero ejecutada por los indígenas encierra diferentes mensajes simbólicos interpretados de acuerdo a la cosmovisión de evangelizadores como de evangelizados. La portada de San Francisco de Asís es un ejemplo de la sofisticada mezcla y superposición de significados religiosos cristianos sobre símbolos prehispánicos, práctica común en el proceso de evangelización en el siglo XVI en México. En este artículo hemos tratado de hacer un análisis del simbolismo de los principales componentes de la portada, así como del significado para las diferentes culturas, de los elementos con afinidades formales, conceptuales y estructurales en los cuales se dio la rehabilitación de símbolos prehispánicos, deliberadamente integrados por los evangelizadores dentro de un marco cristiano.
Imagen y presencia de la liturgia sacramental medieval en el Tríptico de la Redención del Museo del Prado
Authors: Pazos-López Ángel
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo estudia la génesis de los programas iconográficos de temática sacramental entre los siglos XIV y XV, con especial interés en la solución compositiva del Tríptico de la Redención del Museo del Prado. Los sacramentos, como signos sensibles que ayudan a los fieles a alcanzar la salvación, son acompasados con los principales hitos del ciclo vital del cristiano. Teniendo en cuenta las tradiciones rituales y los fundamentos teológicos de los siete sacramentos en el siglo XV se vincula al Tríptico de la Redención con otras composiciones que conjugan las prácticas sacramentales y la Pasión de Cristo, como fundamento para alcanzar la idea cristiana de salvación. Finalmente, se desgranará el significado de cada uno de los signos rituales plasmados en las escenas litúrgicas presentes en la obra del Prado, poniéndolos en relación con fuentes y prácticas litúrgicas o paralitúrgicas de la época.
Viaje de Ariadna hacia el Olimpo
Authors: Bailón García Marta
Published: February 2021

Teseo se ofreció como víctima para acompañar al sacrificio de jóvenes que debía ofrecer el rey Egeo de Atenas al rey Minos de Creta. El objetivo del ofrecimiento era acabar con la amenaza del Minotauro, destinatario final del sacrificio humano. Antes de enfrentarse al monstruo Teseo encuentra a Ariadna, la cual le ofreció su ayuda para salir ileso de la empresa, tras prometerse amor eterno. Después de salir triunfador, Teseo embarcó en su nave llevando consigo a Ariadna, pero la abandonó en la isla de Naxos. Allí la descubrió el dios Dioniso que decidió casarse con ella y convertirla en diosa. El mito de Ariadna ha quedado reflejado en el arte clásico, creando modelos iconográficos que se repitieron a lo largo del período grecorromano. Posteriormente estos modelos se repitieron en diferentes representaciones, adaptándose al Cristianismo, como mostramos en el ejemplo de “La Magdalena en el desierto”. Así mismo, el mito de Ariadna continuó representándose con diferentes interpretaciones.
Techniques to Manage ECG Artifacts When Working With Surface EMG
Authors: Rosenthal Ronald
Published: February 2021

Surface electromyographic (SEMG) amplitude signals can often contain rhythmic spikes due to cardiogenic electrical activity. The author discusses the impact of this activity on SEMG biofeedback training and techniques to reduce the problems caused by cardiogenic electrical activity. In particular, changing the low frequency cutoff of the digital filter settings to reduce cardiogenic electrical activity is recommended as a procedure to improve the fidelity of SEMG amplitude signals.
Polimorfismos genéticos CYP2C9 y VKORC1-1639 implicados en la farmacocinética y farmacodinámica de warfarina en población latinoamericana
Authors: Negaresh Sara , Silva Arrechavala José René , Corriols Marianela
Published: February 2021

La warfarina es un anticoagulante ampliamente usado a nivel mundial para la prevención y tratamiento de eventos tromboembólicos. Los polimorfismos en los genes CYP2C9 y VKORC1 -1639 se han asociado con la variabilidad de respuesta a la warfarina en diversas poblaciones. La identificación de la presencia de polimorfismos puede garantizar el uso más seguro y efectivo de warfarina al estimar la dosis adecuada para cada paciente. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la frecuencia de estos polimorfismos genéticos en la población latinoamericana.

De los 402 artículos revisados, se incluyeron 11 estudios con datos de frecuencia de polimorfismos genéticos de 2,830 pacientes latinoamericanos. Las variantes alélicas CYP2C9 *1/*2 y CYP2C9 *1/*3 fueron más frecuentes en la población estudiada con un 13.15 % y 6.93%, respectivamente. La variante alélica *3/*3 se presentó con una frecuencia de 0.17 %. En cuanto a los polimorfismos del gen VKORC1 -1639 se reportaron frecuencias de 49.11 %, 33 % y 17 % para las variantes GA, GG y AA, respectivamente.

La frecuencia de polimorfismos en los genes CYP2C9 y VKORC1 -1639 en la población latinoamericana varía en dependencia del origen étnico de la población. En comparación con otras poblaciones se muestra un comportamiento similar al reportado en poblaciones de origen caucásico.
Escorrentía superficial y acciones participativas para la gestion ambiental en la Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Úbeda Trujillo Ingrid , Rocha Lester
Published: February 2021

En la Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua, Nicaragua, existe un aumento de la escorrentía superficial causada por el incremento de las coberturas urbano, agricultura, y por la tendencia fluctuante de la cobertura bosque. En este estudio se evaluó la escorrentía superficial en función de las coberturas de la tierra de los años 2003, 2010, 2016, y el año proyectado 2025. Metodológicamente se delimitó el área en estudio en 23 Unidades de Respuesta Hidrológica (URH) con el fin de identificar las áreas donde se producen los mayores escurrimientos. En cada URH se aplicó el método Número de Curva (CN) del Servicio de Conservación Suelos (SCS), y para discretizar el método se utilizó un hietograma, el tipo hidrológico de suelo y la condición de humedad antecedente. El hietograma se generó con base en el calculo de las Curvas de Intensidad, Duración, Frecuenca. Además, el número hidrologico se estimó con base en el tipo de suelo y la elaboración de los mapas de coberturas de la tierra para cada año evaluado. Los resultados indican que las URH asociadas a las coberturas agricultura y urbano se generan los mayores escurrimientos (47 m3.s-1, 36 m3.s-1, 25 m3.s-1, 13 m3.s-1, y 10 m3.s-1). Por lo tanto, en estas URH es recomendable la implementación de acciones participativas de índole regulatorio, económico, educativa, y organizacional para la gestión ambiental del área en estudio.
Role of the media in earthquake prediction
Authors: Robson M.
Published: February 2021

Proceedings of the seminar on the social and economic effects of earthquake prediction, 12 October, 1977.
A Comparative Genre-Based Analysis of Move-Step Structure of RAIs in Two Different Publication Contexts
Authors: Alharbi Sultan H.
Published: February 2021

This genre-based study investigates the move-step structure of two sets of English-medium research article introductions (RAIs) in the field of applied linguistics using Swales’ (1990, 2004) Create a Research Space (CARS) model of move/step analysis. A corpus of 30 RAIs from two English-medium research articles (15 International and 15 Local) was selected. The international research articles written for an international readership were selected from the journal English for Specific Purposes, while the local research articles, written for local readers, were selected from Arab World English Journal. The findings indicated that although the three moves suggested by the CARS (Swales, 1990, 2004) model appeared in the two subcorpora, some variation was observed with respect to the range of moves employed in each subcorpus. As expected, Move 2 was not always found in texts in the Local subcorpus. In terms of steps and sub-steps analysis, the findings showed the three steps and sub-steps of Move 1 are conventional in the International and Local applied linguistics RAIs. Further, while M2-S1B is conventional and M2-S1A is optional in the Local subcorpus, these two sub-steps of Move 2 are conventional in the International subcorpus. There were no striking differences between the two subcorpora with regard to the employment of the proposed steps of Move 3. Limitations and the implications of the findings, as well as recommendation of some suggestions for future research are provided.
Liberalism Untold Why A Genuine Liberal Thought Still Doesn’t Exist
Authors: Pompa Leonardo
Published: February 2021

From a political-philosophical standpoint, liberalism has its roots in its focus on individuals’ negative liberty, which entails the removal of any obstacle that might potentially hinder their actions. As Bobbio (1978) suggests, our agency can be limited at a social level by customary, legislative or moral norms. We can define the entirety of these norms as the nomos driving our day-to-day actions. Liberal thinkers usually argue that the state should regulate citizens’ lives as little as possible. From this perspective, they seem to be mostly concerned with setting people free from the invasive nomos of public institutions. However, is this political approach genuinely liberal? Based on the original, and thus genuine, meaning of the term nomos, the answer is no.

A real safeguarding of negative liberty should be aimed at the removal of any nomos curtailing people’s independence, not just the nomos of the state.

Within the context of the informal economy, for instance, poverty, marginality and precarious work have grown into veritable rules. When seen from this perspective, workers’ disadvantage is indeed a nomos regulating, restricting, and limiting individual agency. Why has liberalism failed to promote the removal of this kind of nomos that curtails people’s negative liberty with equal strength as that of the state? Is deregulation truly the solution to all the ills of the market? Should those who self-identify as liberals oppose or embrace a public nomos working against the spread of the nomos of job insecurity? This work claims that a genuinely liberal approach should be based on an etymological and broader understanding of the term nomos. It will also examine how private enterprises can favor the spread of this approach and safeguard workers’ negative liberty.
The Heterogeneous Impact of Coal Prices on the Location of Cleaner and Dirtier Steel Plants
Authors: Cohen Francois , Valacchi Giulia
Published: February 2021

Climate policy will predominantly affect industries that primarily rely on fossil fuels, such as steelmaking. Within these industries, exposure may be different by country according to the energy-intensity of national plants. We estimate the effect of coal prices on steel plant location worldwide and production preferences for BOF, a polluting technology, and EAF, a greener one. A 1% increase in national coal prices reduces BOF installed capacity by around 0.37%, while it has no statistically significant impact on EAF capacity. We simulate the implementation of a stringent European carbon market with no border adjustment and find a non-neg-ligible shift in steel production outside Europe, with a concomitant impact on the technologies employed to produce steel. If applied worldwide, the same policy would primarily affect production in Asia, which relies on BOF and currently benefits from lower coal prices than those expected to emerge in the future.
Influence of the microstructure of tool coatings based on Ti and Al on the blunting process during chipboard processing
Authors: Czarniak Paweł , Szymanowski Karol , Panjan Peter
Published: February 2021

Influence of the microstructure of tool coatings based on Ti and Al on the blunting process during chipboard processing.This work concerns three different tool coatings containing Ti and Al. i.e. TiN, AlTiN, TiAlSiN applied to cutting tools used in the machining of wood materials. In the case of the AlTiN coating, a multilayer structure with alternately arranged AlTiN and TiN nano-layers was used. The above coatings were applied to standard replaceable knives used for CNC milling heads made of WC-Co cemented carbide. The deposition process was carried out using the RF Magnetron Sputtering method. During the measurement on a workshop microscope, the VBmax index measured on the clearance face was adopted as the wear criterion. The research proved a very good behaviour of the TiN/AlTiN multilayer coating, for which the longest average service life which was recorded exceeded the results obtained for the reference tool by about 30%. The addition of silicon, which was supposed to increase the abrasion resistance, only did not improve the durability of the blade, it actually worsened it by 6%. In addition, the coating, which has been widely used in the machine industry for a very long time, i.e. TiN, did not extend the tool life significantly (+ 7%).
Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Laeukemia
Authors: Leotta Salvatore , Condorelli Annalisa , Schininà Giovanni , Sciortino Roberta , Cupri Alessandra , Milone Giuseppe
Published: February 2021

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only potentially curative therapeutic approach for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The choice to perform an allogeneic hematopoietic transplant is the result of a decision-making process that considers disease-related factors (AML-risk category and the state of disease at the time of transplant), the type of donor available and his characteristics (HLA compatibility, gender, CMV serostatus) and the individual risk associated with the procedure itself. The choice of the appropriate conditioning regimen depends on the patient’s age and comorbidities. While the introduction of reduced intensity regimen and the availability of alternative donors allows more patients to be eligible for transplantation, myeloablative conditioning remains the standard of care for fit patients. Disease relapse is the leading cause of treatment failure and new strategies attempting at reducing the relapse incidence post transplantation are currently being investigated.
Wine Stabilisation: An Overview of Defects and Treatments
Authors: Cosme Fernanda , Filipe-Ribeiro Luís , M. Nunes Fernando
Published: February 2021

Wine is widely consumed due to its distinctive sensory characteristics. However, during wine production and storage, several defects can appear. These can be the result of unwanted microbiological activity or due to the unbalanced levels of some compounds resulting from an unbalanced grape chemical composition or inadequate winemaking practices and storage conditions. The main purpose of wine stabilisation is the removal of wine defects, either visual, olfactive, gustative, or tactile, the increase in wine safety and stability by fining and filtration operations, avoiding the occurrence of some usual wine precipitations after bottling. Although the best strategy is to prevent the appearance of wine defects, when present, several fining agents or additives, and technologies are available today with different performances and impact on wine quality. By physicochemical and sensory analysis, the defect is detected, and if the objective is removing them, some laboratory trials are performed to achieve a better treatment approach. This review overviews the principal wine defects and treatments available today and in the near future. Generally, the future trend is the use of more sustainable and environmentally friendly fining agents and technologies, looking for treatments with better performance and specificity.
Organoleptic, Sensory and Biochemical Traits of Arabica Coffee and Their Arabusta Hybrids
Authors: Ngugi Kahiu , Jerono Cheserek Jane , Ogutu Omondi Chrispine
Published: February 2021

Coffee as a cash crop, reduces food insecurity by providing regular incomes and is a major foreign exchange earner in more than fifty tropical countries where it is grown either as Arabica (Coffea arabica) or Robust (Coffea canepora). In Kenya which grow some Robusta but mostly Arabica coffee, the production has been declining, mainly because world coffee prices have plummeted to about 5 USD for a 650Kg of un-hulled beans per acre. The only way world prices are likely to increase and benefit the small-scale farmers, is by improving the cup quality and enabling these countries to sell their coffee in specialty markets. This review, underscores the importance of analyzing and estimating organoleptic, sensory and biochemical compounds diversity in Arabica coffee, since these are the factors that determine cup quality. In an attempt to do so, the chapter presents experimental data that analyzed various sensory and organoleptic traits of Arabica coffee and their Arabusta hybrids that proves that tremendous genetic diversity exists in coffee genotypes grown in Kenya and it is possible to utilize this genetic variation to improve cup quality.
Pleural Effusion Secondary to Multiple Myeloma: Is Daratumumab an Effective Treatment? A Case Report
Authors: Palazzo Giulia , Aprile Lara , Cecere Giacomo , Pier Gagliardi Vito , Maggi Alessandro , Prudenzano Antonella , Mazza Patrizio
Published: February 2021

Extramedullary (EM) plasmacytoma disease is an aggressive presentation at diagnosis and relapse for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. EM plasmacytoma is divided into two groups: the first group comprises tumors that extend directly from osteolytic bone lesions, while the second results from plasmacytoma infiltration into soft tissues, with no relation to the bone. Despite new therapies and monoclonal antibodies, the survival for patients with EM plasmacytoma is poor. The involvement of pleural effusion is uncommon in multiple myeloma.
Immunological Basis for the Development of Allergic Diseases-Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies
Authors: N. Pramod Siddanakoppalu
Published: February 2021

Allergy is an immune disorder due to over responsiveness of immune system to a relatively normal and harmless antigen; derived from environmental and dietary substances commonly referred as allergens. Allergy is an IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity which is characterized by the degranulation of specialized white blood cells known as mast cells and basophils. Majority of characterized allergens are proteinaceous in nature and induce Th2 response. Specific Th2 cytokines elicit the induction of allergen specific IgE antibodies in sensitive individuals. The IgE binds to Fc epsilon receptor on basophil/mast cells and on exposure, allergens cross links the IgE and induce release of hypersensitivity mediators that result in allergic symptoms. The symptoms varies from mild allergies like hay fever, itchiness, rashes, rhinatisis, conjunctivitis to a severe condition such as Asthma and some time life threatening anaphylaxis. At present a various blood based test exist to diagnose allergies which include skin prick, patch test and Specific IgE tests. The best treatment available is to avoid exposure to allergens alternatively use of anti-histamines, steroids or other symptom reducing medications are in practice. Immunotherapy to desensitize the response to allergen and targeted therapy are promising for allergy in future.
The Nature of Science and Technology in Teacher Education
Authors: Svendsen Bodil
Published: February 2021

This chapter is about the Nature of Science (NOS) and the Nature of Technology (NOT) in education. Science includes the systematic study of the structure and actions of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment, and technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. NOS and NOT have been used to refer to the epistemology of science, science as a way of knowing, or the values and beliefs inherent to the development of scientific knowledge. These characterizations, nevertheless, remain general, and philosophers of science, historians of science, and the same goes for NOT. Subsequently, an individual’s understanding that observations are constrained by our perceptual apparatus and are characteristically theory-laden is part of that individuals understanding of the NOS and NOT. In general, NOS and NOT refers to principles and ideas which provide a description of science and technology as a way of knowing, as well as characteristics of scientific knowledge. Many of these intrinsic ideas are lost in the everyday aspects of a science classroom, resulting in students learning misaligned ideas about how science is conducted. Understanding how technology relates with science and society is critical for individuals to make informed personal and societal decisions. Nevertheless, in most STEM education contexts, learning about technology typically only means learning how to be an efficient user or, perhaps, an informed competent designer of. A meaningful technology education stresses that science education efforts also teach students about NOT. Essential questions like what technology is, how it is related to, yet distinct from, science, how it shapes and is shaped by society, and perhaps most importantly, how technologies impact the way individuals think and act.
Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Pharmacy
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: February 2021

The central composite design is the most commonly used fractional factorial design used in the response surface model. In this design, the center points are augmented with a group of axial points called star points. With this design, quickly first-order and second-order terms can be estimated. In this book chapter, different types of central composite design and their significance in various experimental design were clearly explained. Nevertheless, a calculation based on alpha (α) determination and axial points were clearly described. This book chapter also amalgamates recently incepted central composite design models in various experimental conditions. Finally, one case study was also discussed to understand the actual inside of the central composite design.
Ecofriendly Hill Mining by Tunneling Method
Authors: Dhar Dwivedi Rama , Kumar Soni Abhay
Published: February 2021

Mostly, hills are mined by ‘Strip mining’ i.e. removing the hills from top. This conventional approach destroys the landscape and defaces the beauty of the hill. Besides, a large amount of dust generated at source disturbs the villagers and nearby human settlements during the excavation operation or related activities. To eliminate this, and remove the ‘out yard dumping of material’, except at initial stage i.e. during developmental phase, if tunneling methods of civil construction work is applied, ‘the conventional hill mining’ can be turned into an eco-friendly hill mining with very little planning efforts. This chapter highlights the abovementioned aspects of ‘hill mining’ covering overviews about the ‘hill mining by tunneling method’. In this technique, the extraction of mineral deposits is done by driving tunnels at the bottom (or other accessible higher level of the hills) and combining it with cross-cuts and adits, to protect the green cover and the serene hill environment. A case study of limestone mining in hilly Meghalaya region of India forms a part of the description where its feasibility exists.
Clinical Trials Evaluating Proton Therapy
Authors: A. Taylor Paige
Published: February 2021

Although proton therapy was developed almost 80 years ago, widespread clinical implementation has been limited until the past decade. With the growing use of proton therapy, there is a desire to prove the equivalence or superiority of proton therapy across a number of cancer disease sites. Dozens of clinical trials have been developed to accomplish this within individual institutions, among a few centers, and across national and international networks such as the National Cancer Institute’s National Clinical Trial Network. The protocols include proton therapy imbedded in trials with photon therapy as well as randomized photon vs. proton trials. This chapter provides an overview of the design of such trials as well as some of the challenges facing protocols with proton therapy.
Accurate Gleason Grading of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Prostate Needle Biopsies by General Pathologists
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Schultz Delray , Cote Kerri , Loffredo Marian , Ziemba David E. , D'Amico Anthony V.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma in core needle biopsies is important for predicting prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Previous studies have shown that Gleason scores assigned by general pathologists have a low correlation with those assigned by urologic pathologists, and that general pathologists tend to undergrade prostate carcinoma.

Objective.—To determine if the performance of general pathologists grading prostate needle biopsies has changed over time.

Design.—Four hundred sixteen prostate biopsies from men treated at a single community-based institution between 1987 and 2000 were reviewed by one urologic pathologist (A.A.R.). The correlation between the original Gleason score and the reviewer's score was determined over time.

Results.—Cases were divided into those performed and originally interpreted in the first half of the study (1987–1996) and those performed and originally interpreted in the second half (1996–2000). Overall concordance for exact Gleason score was 59% (244/416). The exact concordance of the Gleason score assigned by the original pathologist and the reviewer during the first half of the study was 51%, whereas in the second half of the study the concordance was significantly greater (66.3%, P = .002). However, when grouped into score categories of 6 or less, 7, and 8 or greater, there was no significant difference in the exact concordance between the first half of the study (78.3%) and the second half (78.4%). Fifty-five percent of the cases in which there was discordance were graded as 7 by the reference pathologist and 6 or less by the original pathologist. There was no correlation between concordance in Gleason score and the percentage of tissue involved by carcinoma.

Conclusion.—The concordance between general pathologists' Gleason grading and that of a reference pathologist in this study is much higher than that in previously reported studies. Although exact concordance has significantly improved over time, concordance by clinically significant groups has remained high throughout the study, is dominated by the difference between Gleason score 7 and 6 or less, and is unrelated to the size of the tumor focus.
Informatics Training in Pathology Residency Programs: Proposed Learning Objectives and Skill Sets for the New Millennium
Authors: Henricks Walter H. , Boyer Philip J. , Harrison James H. , Tuthill J. Mark , Healy James C.
Published: February 2021

Context.—To be successful in tomorrow's health care environment, to make the most appropriate decisions for their laboratories, to optimize training and continuing medical education opportunities, and to advance pathology as a professional specialty, pathologists must possess basic informatics knowledge and proficiency. Traditional areas of anatomic and clinical pathology residency training employ learning objectives, knowledge expectations, and skill sets, but such items have not been as well developed or widely implemented for pathology informatics training.

Objective.—We present a proposal that defines a standard and specific set of learning (knowledge) objectives and skill set (proficiency) expectations for resident training in pathology informatics.

Design.—The proposal includes a comprehensive and detailed set of knowledge applications and proficiencies that will assist residency programs in developing basic pathology informatics training for residents. The content of the proposal is based on and compiled from existing successful pathology informatics training programs. Learning objectives include those related to general and enterprise computing as well as objectives related specifically to pathology informatics. Skill set expectations include the ability to use software that facilitates and adds value to the work of pathologists, including the use of a laboratory information system and of productivity software and other tools. Other topics include guidelines for evaluating residents' informatics competency, suggestions regarding curriculum structure and implementation, and recommendations for residents' computing infrastructure.

Conclusion.—This proposal provides a foundation for building effective and standard curricula for residency training in pathology informatics. These curricula will be able to meet increasing expectations and needs for pathologists to contribute to clinical information management.