bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Grammaticality and Utterance Length in Bilingual Children
Authors: Hernandez Michelle , Ronderos Juliana , Castilla-Earls Anny Patricia
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of two measures derived from spontaneous language samples, mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) and percentage of grammatical utterances (PGU), in identifying developmental language disorder (DLD) in Spanish–English bilingual children. We examined two approaches: best language and total language.

Method:

The participants in this study included 74 Spanish–English bilingual children with (
n
= 36) and without (
n
= 38) DLD. Language samples were elicited through a story retell and story generation task using Frog wordless picture books in English and Spanish. Stories were transcribed and coded using the Systematic Analysis of Language Samples (Miller & Iglesias, 2020) to extract MLUw and PGU in both languages.

Results:

Logistic regression analyses suggested that a model that included PGU, MLUw, and age achieved the best diagnostic accuracy in predicting group membership. Both approaches, best language and total language, had fair diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

In combination, PGU and MLUw seem to be useful diagnostic tools to differentiate bilingual children with and without DLD. Clinical implications and usability are discussed.
Development of a Temperature-Controlled Solar Powered Ventilation System
Authors: Abdullah N.H. , Nurulain S. , Aspar M.A.S. , Salim M.R. , Manap H.
Published: February 2024

Wind-driven ventilators like roof whirlybirds rely purely on wind and thermal expansion to operate. Consequently, they fail to function effectively in the absence of wind. Moreover, they only commence ventilating when heat accumulates in the roof space, indicating an underlying issue of the roof becoming excessively warm. Consequently, an alternative ventilation system that can effectively address the heat problem is essential. In this regard, a solar-powered ventilation system is reported as a viable solution. This developed system operates based on the temperature conditions of the ceiling, where the fan speeds up during hot weather and slows down or stops once a certain cool temperature is reached. This temperature-controlled characteristic distinguishes it from other solarpowered ventilation systems that operate at a constant speed. Through continued research and improvement, it is expected that this new temperature-controlled ventilation system has good potential to be commercialized.
Policy Analysis on Clean Cooking in Malawi: Case of Improved Cookstoves
Authors: Mlowa Tawina Kapusa , Chitawo Maxon L. , Kasulo Victor
Published: February 2024

Transition from cooking with traditional biomass to clean cooking is a persistent challenge in Malawi. The underlying technologies in clean cooking are improved cookstove. Improved cook stoves are designed to reduce fuel consumption per meal and to curb smoke emissions experienced in traditional three-stone cookstove. However, promotion adoption and utilisation of clean cooking requires coordinated policy and regulatory framework. This study analysed the Malawi policy regulatory framework on clean cooking by benchmarking with relevant literature. The following policy gaps were identified: (i) the lack of clear cookstove rating by Malawi Bureau of Standards; (ii) uncomplimentary policies and regulations in the energy and forestry sectors on clean cooking fuels and technologies; (iii) the lack of empirical data on adoption and utilisation of clean cooking technologies and fuels in Malawi; (iv) predicaments in adopting and using international standards for testing cookstoves; and (v) the value chain of improved cookstoves and other forms of clean cooking fuels and technologies that is not adequately analysed. Coordinated development and harmonious implementation of clean cooking regulations in the key sectors of energy and forestry can promote adoption and utilisation of clean cooking methods and technologies in Malawi.
Thermal analysis of graphene nanosheets/paraffin nanocomposites with non-ionic surfactant for thermal energy storage
Authors: Noran N.K. , Abd Rahim Nasrudin , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Buddhi D.
Published: February 2024

Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) has been extensively utilized to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. High-conductive nanofillers have been an effective method to improve PCM's energy efficiency and thermal management systems. This research modifies high-capacity paraffin using graphene nanosheets (GNS) in small weight fractions of 0.2% and 0.6%. Tween 60 and gum Arabic are added to improve the GNS nanofiller's suspension ability. A higher GNS nanofiller of 0.6 wt% contributes to lower transmittance with higher solar energy absorption. However, GNS/paraffin with Tween 60 results in better thermal stability than gum Arabic surfactant. The improved thermal properties show promising results for TES systems in PVT applications.
Optimizing Electrospinning Parameters for Enhanced Diameter Control of Composite Nanofibers in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)
Authors: Abdullah Norulsamani , Saidur R. , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Karim Nabila A.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of electrospinning parameters, particularly focusing on the applied voltage parameter, on the diameter of TCNFs composite nanofibers for application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The electrospun nanofibers are comprehensively characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results revealed that the optimal applied voltage is 16 kV for TCNFs nanofiber, resulting in an average nanofiber diameter of 161.18 nm. Furthermore, the electrochemically characterized composite nanofibers of PtRu/TCNFs demonstrate exceptional performance, achieving a peak current density of 265.33 mAmgPtRu-1, surpassing PtRu/C by 3.35 times. The comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights for tailoring nanofiber design to enhance electrocatalytic performance, paving the way for advancements in DMFC technology.
State of Health Classification for Lead-acid Battery: A Data-driven Approach
Authors: Festijo Enrique , Juanico Drandreb Earl , Ballera Melvin , Marasigan Rufo Jr.
Published: February 2024

In general, methods that use a data-driven approach in estimating lead-acid batteries’ State of Health (SoH) rely on measuring variables such as impedance, voltage, current, battery’s life cycle, and temperature. However, these variables only provide limited information about internal changes in the battery and often require sensors for accurate measurements. This study explores ultrasonic wave propagation within a lead-acid battery cell element to gather data and proposes a data-driven approach for classifying the SoH. The results demonstrate that a neural network classifier can effectively distinguish between two classes: 1) batteries in a healthy state with SoH greater than 80%, and 2) batteries in an unhealthy state with SoH less than 80%. The data-driven approach introduced in this study, which uses ultrasonic wave data, provides valuable information relative to the changes in the internal cell of the battery. Conventional external measurements may not capture this information. Consequently, it eliminates the need for additional sensor installations and offers a promising alternative for SoH classification.
Thermal energy storage behaviour of form-stable polyethylene glycol/MWCNT- based phase change materials
Authors: Yadav Aman , Samykano M. , Pandey A.K. , Kalidasan B. , Kumar R. Reji , Kadirgama K. , Sofiah A.G.N. , Ngui W.K.
Published: February 2024

Organic phase change materials (OPCMs) possess a remarkable ability to absorb and release latent heat during phase transitions, making them very promising for storing solar energy. Nevertheless, the extensive use of these materials encounters substantial obstacles arising from intrinsic difficulties, such as limited heat conductivity and chemical stability concerns. The authors of this innovative work have successfully led the way in developing a state-of-the-art nano-enhanced organic phase change material (Ne-OPCM). This novel substance utilizes polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the primary phase transition material, which is smoothly incorporated into a network of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to reduce obstacles caused by molecular size and improve chemical durability. In order to overcome the issue of poor thermal conductivity, the researchers selectively used multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a conductive filler. This resulted in a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of PEG-1000. In an ongoing study, thermal characteristics of the developed (Ne-OPCM) composites are evaluated for different weight fractions of 0.3 %, 0.7 %, and 1.0 % of MWCNT. In addition to the morphology, thermal property, chemical stability, optical absorptivity and the latent heat of the developed PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (Ne-OPCM) composite are evaluated using FESEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy TGA and DSC instruments. The thermal conductivity of PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (Ne-OPCM) composite was improved by 87.64 % with a dispersion of 0.7 wt% of MWCNT. The DSC conducted highest latent heat and melting point of a PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (NePCM) composite are 139.66 J/g & 40.4 °C occurring at 0.7 wt% of MWCNT. Consequently, the developed (Ne-OPCM) composites have promising potential in practical solar energy storage applications at the temperature range of 35-40 °C.
Sewage Treatment Facility Maintenance: A Risk-based Approach for High-rise Residential Property
Authors: Lantaca Jhon Rhoy
Published: February 2024

Although fuzzy-failure modes and effects analysis (Fuzzy-FMEA) is one of the risk-based maintenance approaches that has been used to devise or to improve an existing preventive maintenance program in various industries and settings, applying the technique in the context of sewage treatment facility (STF) is lacking. The proponent investigated the cause of failing effluent parameters of a high-rise residential property through the combination of the Ishikawa Diagram and 5-Whys, then the technique was applied and improved using the data gathered from qualified respondents with different exposure, and backgrounds, among others who answered 10-fuzzy scales regarding the severity, occurrence, and detectability of each failure modes, and ranked the importance of each chamber of an SBR-type STF. Results revealed that the Refined FRPN values emphasized the failure modes with relevance to each other by obtaining values within their functional counterpart resulting in a more apt categorization and prioritization than the FRPN. The paper shows that Fuzzy-FMEA is successful in devising a risk-based approach for SBR-type STF for high-rise residential property with an effective means of addressing the aggravating effluent parameters in the maintenance aspect to comply with the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department Administrative Order (DAO) 2016-08.
Choline-based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Extractive Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Oil
Authors: Ravi Theaveraj , Masri Asiah Nusaibah , Ibrahim Izni Mariah
Published: February 2024

One of the hardest processes encountered by petroleum refining is sulfur elimination from fuel oil. There are many traditional methods executed but they caused drawbacks such as poor selectivity of sulfur compounds and toxic raw materials. Extractive oxidative desulfurization (EODS) caught the interest of researchers due to high selectivity of sulfur compounds and great desulfurization. Currently, researchers are investigating the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as green extractant, unfortunately they are expensive. This research is proposing and comparing the use of cheap biodegradable solvents called deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as extractants in removing sulfur from fuel oil. The DESs are synthesized through a combination of choline chloride - orcinol and choline chloride - ethylene glycol, and their structure is confirmed through FTIR. Their thermal properties are characterized by DSC and TGA. Their desulfurization performance is evaluated by type of DESs, different ratios of DES and model oil, different ratios of oxidant and sulfone and various temperatures which these factors are found to influence the result. The optimum conditions are found to be at 1:1 for DES and model oil ratio, 4 for O/S ratio and temperature at 85 °C with the extraction efficiency of 99.98%. In conclusion, this DES has high potential to be the cheap green alternative to the conventional extractant for extractive oxidative desulfurization process.
Plastic Coarse Aggregates with Low- and High-Density Polyethylene with Improved Shore Durometer Hardness as Partial Replacement to Natural Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Romano Donna Trisha T. , Guades Ernesto J.
Published: February 2024

One of the issues in engineering field is the massive demand of natural aggregates in building, which in some areas causes shortages in supplies. While globally, increasing production and consumption of plastic, which takes decades to decompose, is among the main issues that humanity is now experiencing as the world progresses. In this study, plastics with improved Shore Durometer hardness was looked into as a partial substitution for natural coarse aggregates (NCA) in solving these problems. The LDPE/HDPE plastic coarse aggregates were developed using the best ratio of LDPE and HDPE plastics by melting, molding, and forming into 5mm, 10mm, and 15mm cubes. The gravel substitution volumetric were 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% of the concrete mixture, respectively. When the density of concrete, compression, flexure, and split tensile strength of concrete were examined, a 5% replacement with 10mm size produced the best results. A lighter-weight concrete is evident between the controlled sample and the experimental sample when the best size configuration and percentage replacement leading to a 2.97% difference. In general, the compressive strength and flexural strength of (plastic coarse aggregate) PCA-based specimen is 20.23% and 3.78% higher than that of the controlled specimen, respectively. However, it was found that the split-tensile was lower than the controlled specimen by 2.72%.
A Proposed Dimension of Sustainable Energy Practices towards Long Term Commitment
Authors: Gutierrez Ma. Teodora , Ermita Philip
Published: February 2024

The paper aims to propose dimensions for different levels of action on sustainable energy technologies. The dimensions are search, readiness, practices, and consistency. The study used content analysis from the literature, observation of events, and examination of the models for sustainable energy. The search dimension answers the question of how will you contribute to the implementation of sustainable energy technologies? This includes finding your values and ideals on sustainable energy technologies. The second dimension is readiness. At this level, you are ready to fulfil your aims in sustainable energy technologies. The third dimension is the practices. The actions that you implement to make your energy sustainable. The fourth dimension is consistency, it answers the questions, are you consistent in your practices for sustainable energy? And is there a time when you have not practiced sustainable energy? Overall, these proposed dimensions for sustainable energy help decision-makers create strategies to advance the rate of action for cleaner energy.
Geopolymerization Method to enhance the compressive strength of Stabilized Silty Clay Utilizing Coconut Husk Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Sea water for Wall Construction
Authors: Villapa John Bryan
Published: February 2024

Soil as one of the fundamental components in construction boasts versatile applications in various forms. Silty clay soil is commonly found in various natural environments including riverbanks, floodplains, and agricultural areas. On the other hand, Rice Husk and Coconut Husk are agricultural wastes which contribute to environmental pollution and landfill issues if not properly managed. The utilization of these materials is of significant interest as it has the potential to not only benefit the construction industry but also make meaningful contributions to the preservation of the natural environment. This paper studied the methods for Geopolymerization in enhancing the compressive strength of Stabilized Silty Clay Utilizing Coconut Husk Ash (CHA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sea water for Wall Construction. It determined the effects of CHA, RHA and Sea water on the strength of compressed earth blocks. There were three different treatments that were considered in this study and replicated three times for the determination of the compressive strength. The soil blocks were cured and tested in 7, 14 and 28th days using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results revealed that soil blocks stabilized with CHA, RHA and sea water is effective and can be used on component of partition on load bearing walls.
CFD analysis of existing Mobile Disinfecting Units (MDUs)
Authors: Constantino Ian Jimbo , Serrano Nicanor
Published: February 2024

The global economy, well-being, and public health are all gravely compromised by COVID-19. Thus, MDUs have been created to reduce such dilemmas. This document contains a study of a mobile disinfectant unit (MDU) that will mitigate the virus’ spread. By using simulation tools, a final design will be an overall improvement derived from the three models exhibited to generate simulations. Certain significant parameters were noted in doing the simulation, namely: (1) Contamination Removal Effectivity (CRE); (2) Air Distribution Performance Index (ADPI); and (3) Local Air Quality Index (LAQI). These are the coefficients that measure the units' effectiveness in lessening the contaminant present in ambient air and maintaining air comfortability. With the following parameters considered, an optimized design has been conceived having promising CRE, LAQI, and ADPI values by employing fluid machines such as fans, exhausters, and misting systems. Solidworks' CFD simulation concluded a better CRE and LAQI on the designed model than the existing ones having values close to 1, while its output ADPI is around 34%. Moreover, from the AnSys CFD simulation, the coverage area of the misting was around 95%, compared to its predecessors. These numbers prove that the designed model is indeed an enhancement of its predecessors.
Cytotoxicity of synthesized silver nanoparticles on breast cancer cells
Authors: Darmadi Jason , Anwar Ayaz , binti Shamsul Anuar Nurshafida Adzlin
Published: February 2024

Breast cancers are becoming harder to treat due to the acquisition of chemo-drug resistance. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using reducing agent NaBH4, where resulting nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and DLS. Cytotoxicity of synthesized AgNPs was evaluated against MCF-7, MCF-7-CR, and MDA-MB-231 using MTT assays. NaBH4-reduced AgNPs were unstable as a colloidal system, with zeta potential noted to be around -21 mV and a polydispersity index of around 15%, making them highly prone to aggregation. However, AgNPs significantly reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, while slight toxicity was seen in multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 at 10 µM.
Exploring Non-aqueous Solutions for CO2 Capture at Elevated Pressure: An Initial Study for EHA/MOR in DMSO Mixtures
Authors: Kassim Mohd Azlan , Ho Zhongyi , Hussin Farihahusnah , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: February 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in a non-aqueous solution is a potential technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, a non-aqueous solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), was blended with a amines The non-aqueous blended amines absorbents’ CO2 absorption ability was investigated in a high-pressure absorption reactor with a variable absorption pressure (350–1400 kPa) at constant temperature (303.15K). The results showed that 2M EHA in DMSO solution had the highest CO2 loading capacity (molCO2/molamine) when compared with 1M EHA + 1M MOR in DMSO solutions. It was also found that the absorption capacity increased with increasing pressure. The highest CO2 absorption by 2M EHA in DMSO solution was observed at a pressure of 1400 kPa at 303.15 K with 1.2507 molCO2/molamine. The use of non-aqueous blended amine solvents showed no phase separation phenomenon after the CO2 absorption reaction and the formation of carbamate salt was identified through FTIR analysis. 1 M EHA 1M MOR in DMSO has shown a higher initial absorption rate in comparison to 2 M EHA in DMSO which would suggest that the use of a 1M EHA + 1M MOR in DMSO as a non-aqueous solvent could be a promising solution for CO2 capture.
SMARTSORT: YOLOv4-driven Smart Sorting for Household Waste Management
Authors: Mortos Yuneza Claire Y. , Malbog Mon Arjay , Nipas Marte , Marasigan Rufo Jr. , Nava Dennis
Published: February 2024

The current market offers smart bins, incorporating automatic door openings as a notable design feature for household cleanliness. While advanced and versatile waste management devices exist for business applications, the Philippines faces limited access to these innovations. The discrepancy is compounded by existing challenges in waste segregation techniques that demand attention and improvement. This project aims to address these issues by developing a system that automates the separation of household waste into three distinct categories: paper, plastic, and metal. Utilizing an Arduino Mega microcontroller, YOLOv4-based waste classification, and various models, the system offers efficient and hands-free waste disposal. Key features include real-time notifications, three-succession waste disposal, and LED bar indicators. The system’s potential lies in streamlining waste segregation, user-friendly design, and versatile applications beyond residential use. SMARTSORT aims to contribute to sustainable waste management practices.
Holding this space: navigating ethical issues in citizen deliberation
Authors: Parry Lucy J.
Published: February 2024

Deliberative mini-publics convene a randomly selected group of citizens to deliberate on a policy issue and generate recommendations for decision makers. A rich field of research and practice has focused on the quality of deliberation and its ideal conditions. As a result, we know what works. But we also need to know what conditions and issues prevent practice from achieving these best practices in the real world. I pursue this line of enquiry through a qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 25 deliberative practitioners, who are responsible for the design and delivery of deliberative mini-publics. Existing research problematises practitioners’ relationship to commissioning authorities and the tension between commercial and democratic ideals. I find that, counter to previous research, practitioners have the capacity to push back against pressure from commissioners. This paper presents ethical issues encountered during the commissioning, design and implementation of mini-publics. Some practitioners believe that ethical issues can be mitigated through adapting deliberative designs, whilst others feel the limitations of their agency in a context where they are commissioned to deliver a service. These findings demonstrate the reflexivity of practitioners in the deliberative mini-publics community and advance understanding of the ethics and governance of deliberative mini-publics.
Design of universal Ebola virus vaccine candidates via immunofocusing
Authors: Xu Duo , Powell Abigail E. , Utz Ashley , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Do Jonathan , Patten J. J. , Moliva Juan I. , Sullivan Nancy J. , Davey Robert A. , Kim Peter S.
Published: February 2024

The Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and poses a significant threat to global public health. Although two viral vector vaccines have been approved to prevent Ebola virus disease, they are distributed in the limited ring vaccination setting and only indicated for prevention of infection from
orthoebolavirus zairense
(EBOV)—one of three
orthoebolavirus
species that have caused previous outbreaks. Ebola virus glycoprotein GP mediates viral infection and serves as the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe a universal Ebola virus vaccine approach using a structure-guided design of candidates with hyperglycosylation that aims to direct antibody responses away from variable regions and toward conserved epitopes of GP. We first determined the hyperglycosylation landscape on Ebola virus GP and used that to generate hyperglycosylated GP variants with two to four additional glycosylation sites to mask the highly variable glycan cap region. We then created vaccine candidates by displaying wild-type or hyperglycosylated GP variants on ferritin nanoparticles (Fer). Immunization with these antigens elicited potent neutralizing antisera against EBOV in mice. Importantly, we observed consistent cross-neutralizing activity against Bundibugyo virus and Sudan virus from hyperglycosylated GP-Fer with two or three additional glycans. In comparison, elicitation of cross-neutralizing antisera was rare in mice immunized with wild-type GP-Fer. These results demonstrate a potential strategy to develop universal Ebola virus vaccines that confer cross-protective immunity against existing and emerging filovirus species.
Direct binding to sterols accelerates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of HMG CoA reductase
Authors: Faulkner Rebecca A. , Yang Yangyan , Tsien Jet , Qin Tian , DeBose-Boyd Russell A.
Published: February 2024

The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for normal function at both the cellular and organismal levels. Two integral membrane proteins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and Scap, are key targets of a complex feedback regulatory system that operates to ensure cholesterol homeostasis. HMGCR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the transformation of the 2-carbon precursor acetate to 27-carbon cholesterol. Scap mediates proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a membrane-bound transcription factor that controls expression of genes involved in the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol. Sterol accumulation triggers binding of HMGCR to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Insig proteins, leading to the enzyme’s ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Sterols also induce binding of Insigs to Scap, which leads to sequestration of Scap and its bound SREBP-2 in the ER, thereby preventing proteolytic activation of SREBP-2 in the Golgi. The oxygenated cholesterol derivative 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and the methylated cholesterol synthesis intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol (DHL) differentially modulate HMGCR and Scap. While both sterols promote binding of HMGCR to Insigs for ubiquitination and subsequent ERAD, only 25HC inhibits the Scap-mediated proteolytic activation of SREBP-2. We showed previously that 1,1-bisphosphonate esters mimic DHL, accelerating ERAD of HMGCR while sparing SREBP-2 activation. Building on these results, our current studies reveal specific, Insig-independent photoaffinity labeling of HMGCR by photoactivatable derivatives of the 1,1-bisphosphonate ester SRP-3042 and 25HC. These findings disclose a direct sterol binding mechanism as the trigger that initiates the HMGCR ERAD pathway, providing valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms that govern cholesterol homeostasis.
After 1788*
Authors: Simpson Jane
Published: February 2024

Contemporary contact languages used by Indigenous people in Australia share many words and grammatical features
and structures. I trace the development of contact varieties in Australia between 1788 to 1848, arguing that their similarities
arise from the dominance of English-speakers among the invaders, their ways of talking to people who did not speak English
fluently, the transfer of people between penal settlements, and the fact that sea traffic was the fastest form of travel between
colonies. Evidence for zones of influence in which particular features appear is drawn from geographic distribution and time of
first attestation. I use four types of reports for locating features: outsiders’ reports of direct speech by Aborigines and of
outsiders’ speech to Aborigines, imitations by outsiders of Aboriginal speech, and outsiders’ comments on Aboriginal speech.
Another kind of evidence comes from the adoption of contact variety words into Aboriginal languages. This is illustrated with a
case study of words for ‘white woman’ in Aboriginal languages.
Time for ‘the change’: increasing awareness of the menopause transition in dermatological training and practice
Authors: Cline Abigail , Hupart Kenneth , Marmon Shoshana
Published: February 2024

Dermatologists regularly encounter skin-related manifestations tied to the menopause transition, from hair loss and acne to vaginal dryness and hyperhidrosis. Yet, despite the frequency and significance of these presentations, there remains a conspicuous gap when it comes to training dermatologists in menopause care. This omission is highlighted by the absence of menopause-related content and guidance in dermatological educational materials. This article emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to menopause care in dermatology and suggests strategies to address the existing knowledge and practice gap.
Recognition of intraglomerular histological features with deep learning in protocol transplant biopsies and their association with kidney function and prognosis
Authors: Farhat Imane , Maréchal Elise , Calmo Doris , Ansart Manon , Paindavoine Michel , Bard Patrick , Tarris Georges , Ducloux Didier , Felix Sophie Adrian , Martin Laurent , Tinel Claire , Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Funes de la Vega Mathilde , Rebibou Jean-Michel , Bamoulid Jamal , Legendre Mathieu
Published: February 2024

Background

The Banff Classification may not adequately address protocol transplant biopsies categorized as normal in patients experiencing unexplained graft function deterioration. This study seeks to employ convolutional neural networks to automate the segmentation of glomerular cells and capillaries and assess their correlation with transplant function.

Methods

A total of 215 patients were categorized into three groups. In the Training cohort, glomerular cells and capillaries from 37 patients were manually annotated to train the networks. The Test cohort (24 patients) compared manual annotations vs automated predictions, while the Application cohort (154 protocol transplant biopsies) examined predicted factors in relation to kidney function and prognosis.

Results

In the Test cohort, the networks recognized histological structures with Precision, Recall, F-score and Intersection Over Union exceeding 0.92, 0.85, 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at biopsy and relative endothelial area (r = 0.19, P = .027), endothelial cell density (r = 0.20, P = .017), mean parietal epithelial cell area (r = –0.38, P < .001), parietal epithelial cell density (r = 0.29, P < .001) and mesangial cell density (r = 0.22, P = .010). Multivariate analysis retained only endothelial cell density as associated with eGFR (Beta = 0.13, P = .040). Endothelial cell density (r = –0.22, P = .010) and mean podocyte area (r = 0.21, P = .016) were linked to proteinuria at biopsy. Over 44 ± 29 months, 25 patients (16%) reached the primary composite endpoint (dialysis initiation, or 30% eGFR sustained decline), with relative endothelial area, mean endothelial cell area and parietal epithelial cell density below medians linked to this endpoint [hazard ratios, respectively, of 2.63 (P = .048), 2.60 (P = .039) and 3.23 (P = .019)].

Conclusion

This study automated the measurement of intraglomerular cells and capillaries. Our results suggest that the precise segmentation of endothelial and epithelial cells may serve as a potential future marker for the risk of graft loss.
Selection of photosynthetic traits by turbulent mixing governs formation of cyanobacterial blooms in shallow eutrophic lakes
Authors: Wu Huaming , Wu Xingqiang , Rovelli Lorenzo , Lorke Andreas
Published: February 2024

Prediction of the complex cyanobacteria-environment interactions is vital for understanding harmful bloom formation. Most previous studies on these interactions considered specific properties of cyanobacterial cells as representative for the entire population (e.g. growth rate, mortality, and photosynthetic capacity (Pmax)), and assumed that they remained spatiotemporally unchanged. Although, at the population level, the alteration of such traits can be driven by intraspecific competition, little is known about how traits and their plasticity change in response to environmental conditions and affect the bloom formation. Here we test the hypothesis that intraspecific variations in Pmax of cyanobacteria (Microcystis spp.) play an important role in its population dynamics. We coupled a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model with a trait-based phytoplankton model to simulate the effects of physical drivers (turbulence and turbidity) on the Pmax of Microcystis populations for a range of dynamic conditions typical for shallow eutrophic lakes. Our results revealed that turbulence acts as a directional selective driver for changes in Pmax. Depending on the intensity of daily-periodic turbulence, representing wind-driven mixing, a shift in population-averaged phenotypes occurred toward either low Pmax, allowing the population to capture additional light in the upper layers, or high Pmax, enhancing the efficiency of light utilization. Moreover, we observed that a high intraspecific diversity in Pmax accelerated the formation of surface scum by up to more than four times compared to a lower diversity. This study offers insights into mechanisms by which cyanobacteria populations respond to turbulence and underscores the significance of intraspecific variations in cyanobacterial bloom formation.

Highlights
Advances in the co-production of biosurfactant and other biomolecules: statistical approaches for process optimization
Authors: Kadam Vaibhav , Dhanorkar Manikprabhu , Patil Shruti , Singh Pooja
Published: February 2024

An efficient microbial conversion for simultaneous synthesis of multiple high-value compounds, such as biosurfactants and enzymes, is one of the most promising aspects for an economical bioprocess leading to a marked reduction in production cost. Although biosurfactant and enzyme production separately have been much explored, there are limited reports on the predictions and optimization studies on simultaneous production of biosurfactants and other industrially important enzymes, including lipase, protease, and amylase. Enzymes are suited for an integrated production process with biosurfactants as multiple common industrial processes and applications are catalysed by these molecules. However, the complexity in microbial metabolism complicates the production process. This study details the work done on biosurfactant and enzyme co-production and explores the application and scope of various statistical tools and methodologies in this area of research. The use of advanced computational tools is yet to be explored for the optimization of downstream strategies in the co-production process. Given the complexity of the co-production process and with various new methodologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) being invented, the scope of AI in shaping the biosurfactant-enzyme co-production process is immense and would lead to not only efficient and rapid optimization, but economical extraction of multiple biomolecules as well.
(003) Use of Online Pharmacy Tools May Lead to Significantly Reduced National Expenditures on Vaginal Estrogen
Authors: Loeb CA , Miller JA , Moukhtar Hammad MA , Nguyen M , Azad B , Yafi FA
Published: February 2024

Introduction

High medication costs for vaginal estrogen may create a barrier for patients seeking treatment for numerous urinary and vaginal symptoms and lead to poor medication adherence. The Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company (CPD) and GoodRx tools offer patients a method to purchase prescription medications at a discount, which may lead to improved medication adherence and decreased national expenditures on such medications.

Objective

To compare the pricing of vaginal estrogen as advertised by retail pharmacies, Medicare, and discount listings through CPD and GoodRx.

Methods

A review of publicly available data from CPD and GoodRx was performed to obtain listed retail and discounted prices for Estrace (topical), Vagifem (tablet), and Premarin (topical). GoodRx prices were obtained using prices from Costco, CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart pharmacies in the most from populous zip code from each of the 3 most populous U.S. states: California, New York, and Texas. Prices were adjusted to account for dosage and prescribed quantity to estimate an average cost per dosage unit ($/adu). The Medicare Part D Drug Spending and Utilization data from 2021 were used to report the average spending per dosage unit and total expenditure for each of the listed medications. These data were compared to create an estimate of average national savings after use of CPD and/or GoodRx.

Results

Average spending per dosage unit for Estrace, Vagifem, and Premarin was lesser when discount tools were used (0.50 $/adu, 3.75 $/adu, and 4.30 $/adu respectively), compared to Medicare pricing (6.14 $/adu, 20.95 $/adu, and 10.10 $/adu respectively) or retail pricing (3.14 $/adu, 10.19 $/adu, and 5.43 $/adu respectively). When adjusted for total dosage units, use of CPD over Medicare pricing for the three medications would result in a combined annual national saving of $64.2M. Use of either CPD or GoodRx compared to retail pricing would similarly result in a combined annual national saving of $39.2M.

Conclusions

The utilization of CPD and GoodRx in the prescription of vaginal estrogen led to a substantial national average cost savings when compared to retail and Medicare pricing. CPD and GoodRx may offer a way to decrease the cost burden for patients seeking treatment for urinary and vaginal symptoms and significantly reduce national expenditures on medications.

Disclosure

Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Advisory board and speaker for Coloplast; consultant for Cynosure; advisory board and speaker for Halozyme; intellectual property with Masimo; advisory board for Promescent; consultant for Sprout; advisory board for Xialla.
(011) Implementing Virtual Intracavernosal/ Penile Injection Therapy (ICI) Training in a Prostate Cancer (PC) Supportive Care Program
Authors: Alhamam A , Zarowski C , Lui M , Yu I , Ho R , Sare D , Kennedy J , Hwang A , Sundar M , Higano C , Flannigan R
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The Sexual Health Clinic (SHC) offered by our prostate cancer (PC) supportive care program delivers sexual health care for PC patients and their partners. Over a two-year period, patients receive seven appointments in which different options for sexual satisfaction are explored, including intracavernosal/penile injection therapy (ICI). Since April 2020, sexual health clinicians have provided virtual and in-person ICI training appointments. Before each appointment, patients are instructed to review educational material, including an educational video, an ICI instruction booklet, and ICI dosing handout.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of ICI training presented virtually compared to in-person by comparing clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in each group.

Methods

All patients who received ICI training between January 2019 and April 2023 were included in this retrospective chart review. PROs from the SHC were obtained prospectively during service as part of usual clinical care.

Results

Over 4.3 years, 74 patients received ICI training, 54 virtually and 24 in-person. All patients were in heterosexual relationships and rated their pre-treatment erectile function as a median of 9 on a scale of 0-10, with 10 being the highest level of erectile function. In contrast, the median erectile function for all patients was 0 after PC treatment. At the time of attending the SHC, most patients expressed ‘resume intercourse’ as their goal of treatment. Table 1 shows that the demographics of each group are similar with respect to age, education level, ethnicity, and partner information. The use of erectile aids after PC therapy is shown in Table 2. Most patients had not attempted ICI before enrollment in the SHC and were not satisfied with other options offered by the SHC. Details of ICI treatments and response to therapy are shown in Table 3. Overall outcomes and satisfaction rates were similar between groups.

Conclusions

Overall, clinical outcomes with ICI training in the virtual format do not appear to differ from that done in person. Patient satisfaction with ICI is better than other erectile aid options in each group but is still low. In the future, we will prospectively assess ICI usage and outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months after ICI training to determine treatment adherence, complications, and long-term patient satisfaction with ICI training across the different delivery methods.

Disclosure

No.
(014) Expectations of Patients and Their Partners After Penile Rehabilitation Programs After Nerve-Sparing Prostatectomy: Are There Relevant Differences?
Authors: Bannowsky A , Osmonov D , Maerker V , Ueckert S
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Several strategies are published for postoperative erectile function rehabilitation after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP). Expectations of the partners of the patients are rarely subject of most of these rehabilitation studies.

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the expectations of patients and of the partners of patients undergoing nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy and penile rehabilitation programs and possible relevant differences between the expectations.

Methods

We performed a questionnaire sent to patients and their partners of all enrolled patients of 3 different penile rehabilitation studies after nsRP with a regular dose of different PDE5-inhibitors (sildenafil/vardenafil/tadalafil). 124 patients (mean age 69 years) had been enrolled in the rehabilitation studies and their partners (mean age 66 years) were included in this study. The survey consists of different questions, e.g. if the patients and their partners believe in the rehabilitation concept and what they expect with regards to the outcome.

Results

89 patients and 78 partners of the 124 patients (72% / 63%) completed and returned the questionnaire. Before rehabilitation treatment 81 patients (91%) and 51 partners (65%) believed in the concept of rehabilitation, 55 patients (62%) but only 32 partners (41%) expected partly to fully rehabilitation of erectile function caused by the initiated penile rehabilitation program. After the end of the study treatment, 2 years after nsRP, 64% of patients and 45% of their partners are satisfied by the recovery of erectile function.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that 91% of patients within penile rehabilitation programs believe in the concepts of rehabilitation only 62% of the patients and only 41% of their partners expect partly to fully recovery of erectile function after nsRP. Satisfaction rate with erectile function recovery was reported by 64% of patients and 45% of their partners 2 years after nsRP.

Disclosure

No.
(017) Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Focal Therapy Modality
Authors: Marciano O , Jung D , Pathuri M , Ikedionwu I , Le B , Raheem O
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Although focal therapy as a treatment modality for prostate cancer patients has been increasing in the United States, there has been a paucity of patient reported outcome measures (PROM) specific to urinary, erectile, and sexual function.

Objective

We aimed to systematically review the data of long-term PROM in men undergoing focal therapy for prostate cancer since 2019.

Methods

A web search was performed on the PubMed database. The search was limited to articles published in the English language and reporting focal therapy outcomes between 2019 and 2023, including randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies. The following data were extracted from each study: year, type of focal therapy, design, participants, demographic, IIEF, ED proportion, IPSS, EPIC, pad incontinence use, fistula rate, urinary retention rate, hematuria, Gleason scores, time to oncologic follow-up, recurrence, and presence of cancer after treatment.

Results

Twenty-three studies, consisting of cryotherapy, HIFU, TULSA, focal and microwave ablation met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Oncologic outcomes were reported in 17 of 23 studies. Median follow-up ranged from 3 to 42 months. Main oncologic outcomes analyzed were in-field/out-of-field recurrence and presence of prostate cancer after treatment. The two largest HIFU studies (n=90, n=101) had 9% and 24% respectively for clinically significant recurrence. The two focal microwave ablation studies (n=55, n=5) had 9% and 20% recurrence rates respectively. Functional outcomes were assessed by IPSS and IIEF. IPSS scores were consistent, with most studies reporting only minimal changes in IPSS after treatment. IIEF scores were generally consistent before and 6 months after procedure for all studies, with some reporting only marginal declines in erectile function. Complication rates among studies were low. Nine studies reported UTI rates ranging from 0% (n=6, n=41) to 30% (n=10) in a TULSA prospective study. Urinary retention rates were reported in 14 studies, with a range from 0% (n=41) to 30% (n=10).

Conclusions

This review suggests that focal therapies remain safe and effective treatment modality for patients with low-intermediate risk prostate cancer. PROM pertaining to urinary and erectile functions in men undergone focal therapy modality seems to be adequate without worse oncological or complication outcomes. Larger data with oncological and functional outcomes is warranted to further validate its safety and efficacy over a longer follow up period.

Disclosure

No.