bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio Pathotypes with the Incidence of V. Cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus in Fish and Fish Storage Water in Okitipupa and Igbokoda Areas, Nigeria
Authors: Agboola Temitope Deborah , Nmema Eucharia Ezenwanyi , Samuel Busayo Tolulope , Odetoyin Babatunde Wumi
Published: October 2022

Vibrio is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Vibrionaceae and is of epidemiological importance. This organism is commonly found in aquatic environments and is associated with water and food-related infectious disease outbreaks of public health concern globally. About 85% of presumptive isolates recovered from fish and fish storage water collected from major markets in Okitipupa and Igbokoda areas of Ondo State, Nigeria were confirmed as Vibrio species via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques with the Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA gene as a target. Primers for 0mpW and toxR genes were used to identify V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus respectively. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 12 antibiotics belonging to 8 classes. The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus was 3.9% and 12.5% respectively. Vibrio spp. obtained in this study showed resistance to Meropenem (88.3%), Cefotaxime (81.3%), Ceftazidime (79.7%), Cefuroxime (78.1%), Tetracycline (54.7), Vancomycin (38.3%), Ceftriaxone (26.6%), Cotrimoxazole (21.9), Chloramphenicol (18%), Ciprofloxacin (12.5%), Amikacin (10.9%) and Gentamicin (6.2%). Vibrio species obtained from both sampled sites showed the highest susceptibility to Gentamicin (93.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistant Index (MARI) observed among the Vibrio species ranged from 0.25 and 0.83. This study revealed high incidence of multi-drug resistant Vibrio spp in the fish sold in these major markets, which suggests antimicrobial abuse in the study area. We concluded that the consumption of this aquaculture produce without proper processing and the discharge of the storage water into the environment without treatment pose a public and environmental health threat respectively.
SARS CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Selected States of High and Low Disease Burden in Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Olatunji Matthew , Tomori Oyewale , Agbonlahor Dennis , Ekanem Ekanem , Bakare Rasheed , Abdulsalam Nasidi , Okojie Obehi , Braide Eka , Uzochukwu Benjamin , Rafindadi Abdulmumini , Bello Shaibu , Shehu Sule , Gureje Oye , Lecky Muhammed , Onwujekwe Obinna , Onyedum Cajetan , Ezike Adaobi , Bukbuk David , Ashir Garba , Anyaehie Bond , Amazigo Uche , Habib Abdulrajak , Ufere Joy , Azodoh Ngozi
Published: October 2022

Importance

The global impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased need to continuously assess disease surveillance tools. The utility of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tools in determining immunity levels across different age groups and locations in helping to quickly assess the burden of COVID-19 with significant health policy implications is unknown.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with respect to the age group and sex of participants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional survey of 4904 individuals across 12 states with high and low COVID-19 disease burden in Nigeria was carried out between June 29 and August 21, 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of specific SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies, such as the nucleocapsid protein-NCP and spike protein S1. Interviewer-administered questionnaires provided information on participants’ history of disease and associated risk factors.

Results

A total of 4904 individuals participated in the study (3033 were female [61.8%]; mean [SD] age, 26.7 [6.51] years). A high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (78.9%) was obtained. Seropositivity was consistent across the states surveyed, ranging from 69.8% in Lagos to 87.7% in Borno. There was no association between sex and seropositivity (female, 2414 [79.6%]; male, 1456 [77.8%]; P = .61); however, an association was noted between age and seropositivity, with the peak prevalence observed in participants aged 15 to 19 years (616 [83.6%]; P = .001). Similarly, loss of appetite (751 [82.3%]; P = .04) and smell (309 [84.4%]; P = .01) were associated with seropositivity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, a high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was obtained among the study population during the low level of vaccination at the time of the survey. Thus, there is a need for both an efficacy and antibody neutralization test study to ascertain the efficacy of the antibody detected and the potential for herd immunity in Nigeria.
Machine Learning Applied to Patient‐Reported Outcomes to Classify Physician‐Derived Measures of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Su Yujie , Black Shawn , Xu Stephen , Langholff Wayne , Bingham Clifton O. , Kafka Shelly , Xie Fenglong
Published: October 2022

Objective

Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) data have assumed increasing importance in the care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet physician‐derived disease activity measures, such as Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), remain the most accepted metrics to assess disease activity. The possibility that newer longitudinal PRO data might be used as a proxy for the CDAI has not been evaluated.

Methods

Using data from a large pragmatic trial, we evaluated patients with RA initiating golimumab intravenous or infliximab. The classification target was low disease activity (LDA) (CDAI ≤10) at the first visit between months 3 and 12. Data were randomly partitioned into training (80%) and test (20%) data sets. Multiple machine learning (ML) methods (eg, random forests, gradient boosting, support vector machines) were used to classify CDAI disease activity category, conduct feature selection, and assess feature importance. Model performance evaluated cross‐validated error, comparing different ML approaches using both training and test data.

Results

A total of 494 patients were analyzed, and 36.4% achieved LDA. The most important classification features included several Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures (social participation, pain interference, pain intensity, and physical function), patient global, and baseline CDAI. Among all ML methods, random forests performed best. Overall model accuracy and positive predictive values for all ML methods were approximately 80%.

Conclusion

ML methods coupled with longitudinal PRO data appear useful and can achieve reasonable accuracy in classifying LDA among patients starting a new biologic. This approach has promise for real‐world evidence generation in the common circumstance when physician‐derived disease activity data are not available yet PRO measures are.
Acoustic Switch via a Compressible Minimal Surface Structure
Authors: Xue Pan , Dai Hongqing , Zhou Laishui
Published: October 2022

Acoustic metamaterials exhibit novel physical phenomena due to their excellent properties for manipulating the propagation of sound waves. Specifically, acoustic switches are gaining increasing attention due to their enormous potential applications in acoustic sensing and acoustic logical computing. However, acoustic switch elements with simple and stable mechanical properties remain elusive. Herein, an acoustic switch based on the compressible minimal surface structure is proprosed. The acoustic switch is fabricated with a rubber‐like material, exhibiting good compression mechanical properties. The simulation and experiment results show that when the soft structure is compressed, the acoustic signal can be efficiently switched from the OFF state to the ON state. The study provides a guide to design acoustic switches, which exhibit enormous application potential in acoustic signal sensing and fault diagnosis.
Preparation of Electrospun Porous Alumina Nanofibers for Origami‐Inspired Manufacturing
Authors: Ni Yu , Gupta Ankur , Verma Gulshan , Gupta Sparsh , Weidler Peter G. , Mager Dario , Korvink Jan G. , Islam Monsur
Published: October 2022

This article presents the fabrication of 3D shapes of alumina nanofibril sheets using origami‐inspired manufacturing. The fabrication process includes electrospinning of a composite precursor material for obtaining a nanofibril mat, which is shaped into 3D origami shapes using a sandwich method during a stabilization process. The 3D origami‐shaped precursor nanofibril sheet is calcinated at a high temperature to obtain the 3D origami shapes of alumina nanofibers. It is found that the pre‐calcination stabilization process plays a major role in determining the morphology of the resulting alumina nanofibers. A hot plate stabilization process leads to the formation of hollow alumina nanofibers during the calcination step, whereas oven stabilization results in a porous morphology of the alumina nanofibers. The oven stabilization is favorable for the origami alumina structures, as it allows uniform stabilization conditions. The alumina nanofibers are majorly mesoporous and feature a surface area ranging from 118 to 505 m2g−1. The compressive modulus of the alumina nanofibers exhibits a dependence on the precursor concentration and calcination temperature. The 3D origami structures of alumina nanofibers exhibit excellent structural stability at high temperatures. The high porosity and high‐temperature stability position alumina origami shapes as suitable candidates in many high‐temperature applications.
Robust Electronic Correlation of Co‐CoN4 Hybrid Active Sites for Durable Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ding Kuixing , Hu Jiugang , Luo Jia , Zhao Liming , Jin Wei , Liu Yunpeng , Wu Zhonghua , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: October 2022

The rational design of bifunctional catalysts with excellent activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). In this study, a facile coordination bridging strategy is proposed to construct bifunctional Co‐CoN4 hybrid active sites embedded in porous N‐rich carbon nanolamellas (denoted as Co‐CoN4@NCNs) for both the ORR and OER. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the increased intrinsic ORR/OER activities can be attributed to the efficient interfacial charge transfer between the atomic CoN sites and metallic Co sites due to their robust electronic correlation. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms that the OER activity depends on the CoOOH intermediates formed during the reaction. Co‐CoN4@NCNs exhibits superior bifunctional catalytic performance for the ORR (E1/2 = 0.83 V) and OER (η = 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2) conducted in alkaline media. The assembled rechargeable Co‐CoN4@NCNs‐based ZAB displays an open‐circuit voltage of 1.47 V, peak power density of 118.8 mW cm−2, specific capacity of 776.7 mAh g−1, and outstanding cycling stability over 1500 cycles. The regulation of the interfacial electronic properties can contribute to the rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts used in rechargeable metal‐air batteries.
Acceleration of Singlet Oxygen Evolution by Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Kim Joo‐Eun , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Kwak Won‐Jin
Published: October 2022

Side reactions caused by reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide and singlet oxygen) are limiting factors in the lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). Superoxide dismutase mimetics (SODms), which suppress superoxide‐triggered side reactions by accelerating the disproportionation reaction during discharge, are introduced as soluble additives in the LOBs. However, although SODms promote the disproportionation reaction, which is the main pathway for singlet oxygen evolution, the correlation between SODms and singlet oxygen has not been verified. Here, 4‐carboxy‐TEMPO is selected as a representative SODm that effectively promotes the disproportionation reaction and chemically verifies acceleration of singlet oxygen evolution. Furthermore, by using quencher, it is reported that the release of singlet oxygen evolved by the SODm is decreased. Because this study closely examines the relationship between the additives and singlet oxygen, it is believed that this study provides an important reference for the development of additives for the practical application of LOBs.
Highly Efficient Near‐IR Photothermal Microneedles with Flame‐Made Plasmonic Nanoaggregates for Reduced Intradermal Nanoparticle Deposition
Authors: Ziesmer Jill , Sondén Isabel , Thersleff Thomas , Sotiriou Georgios A.
Published: October 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy by microneedles (MNs) exhibits high potential against skin diseases. However, high costs, photobleaching of organic agents, low long‐term stability, and potential nanotoxicity limit the clinical translation of photothermal MNs. Here, photothermal MNs are developed by utilizing Au nanoaggregates made by flame aerosol technology and incorporated in water‐insoluble polymer matrix to reduce intradermal nanoparticle (NP) deposition. The individual Au interparticle distance and plasmonic coupling within the nanoaggregates are controlled by the addition of a spacer during their synthesis rendering the Au nanoaggregates highly efficient NIR photothermal agents. In situ aerosol deposition of Au nanoaggregates on MN molds results in the fabrication of photothermal MNs with thin plasmonic layers. The photothermal performance of these MN arrays is compared to ones made by three methods utilizing NP dispersions, and it is found that similar temperatures are reached with 28‐fold lower Au mass due to reduced light scattering losses of the thin layers. Finally, all developed photothermal MN arrays here cause clinically relevant hyperthermia at benign laser intensities while reducing intradermal NP deposition 127‐fold compared to conventional MNs made with water‐soluble polymers. Such rational design of photothermal MNs requiring low laser intensities and minimal NP intradermal accumulation sets the basis for their safe clinical translation.
Rapid Generation of Circulating and Mucosal Decoy Human ACE2 using mRNA Nanotherapeutics for the Potential Treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kim Jeonghwan , Jozic Antony , Mukherjee Anindit , Nelson Dylan , Chiem Kevin , Khan Md Siddiqur Rahman , Torrelles Jordi B. , Martinez‐Sobrido Luis , Sahay Gaurav
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can cause lethal pulmonary damage in humans. It contains spike proteins on its envelope that bind to human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) expressed on airway cells, enabling entry of the virus, and causing infection. The soluble form of hACE2 binds SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, prevents viral entry into target cells, and ameliorates lung injury; however, its short half‐life limits therapeutic utilities. Here, synthetic mRNA is engineered to encode a soluble form of hACE2 (hsACE2) to prevent viral infection. A novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is used for packaging and delivering mRNA to cells to produce hsACE2 proteins. Intravenously administered LNP delivers mRNA to hepatocytes, leading to the production of circulatory hsACE2 initiated within 2 h and sustained over several days. Inhaled LNP results in lung transfection and secretion of mucosal hsACE2 to lung epithelia, the primary site of entry and pathogenesis for SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, mRNA‐generated hsACE2 binds to the receptor‐binding domain of the viral spike protein. Finally, hsACE2 effectively inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 and its pseudoviruses from infecting host cells. The proof of principle study shows that mRNA‐based nanotherapeutics can be potentially deployed to neutralize SARS‐CoV‐2 and open new treatment opportunities for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Nitrogen Balance on Ni–N–C Promotor for High‐Energy Lithium‐Sulfur Pouch Cells
Authors: Cao Xuan , Wang Menglei , Li Yuanli , Chen Le , Song Lixian , Cai Wenlong , Zhang Wei , Song Yingze
Published: October 2022

The viability of lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries toward real implementation directly correlates with unlocking lithium polysulfide (LiPS) evolution reactions. Along this line, designing promotors with the function of synchronously relieving LiPS shuttle and promoting sulfur conversion is critical. Herein, the nitrogen evolution on hierarchical and atomistic Ni–N–C electrocatalyst, mainly pertaining to the essential subtraction, reservation and coordination of nitrogen atoms, is manipulated to attain favorable Li–S pouch cell performances. Such rational evolution behavior realizes the “nitrogen balance” in simultaneously regulating the Ni–N coordination environment, Ni single atom loading, abundant vacancy defects, active nitrogen and electron conductivity, and maximizing the electrocatalytic activity elevation of Ni–N–C system. With such merit, the cathode harvests favorable performances in a soft‐packaged pouch cell prototype even under high sulfur mass loading and lean electrolyte usage. A specific energy density up to 405.1 Wh kg−1 is harvested by the 0.5‐Ah‐level pouch cell.
Dispatches from Biotech beginning BeginNGS: Rapid newborn genome sequencing to end the diagnostic and therapeutic odyssey
Authors: Kingsmore Stephen F. ,   The BeginNGS Consortium
Published: October 2022

In this Dispatch from Biotech, we briefly review the urgent need for extensive expansion of newborn screening (NBS) by genomic sequencing, and the reasons why early attempts had limited success. During the next decade transformative developments will continue in society and in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, informatics, and medical sectors that enable prompt addition of genetic disorders to NBS by rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) upon introduction of new therapies that qualify them according to the Wilson and Jungner criteria (Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G., World Health Organization. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/37650). Herein we describe plans, progress, and clinical trial designs for BeginNGS (Newborn Genome Sequencing to end the diagnostic and therapeutic odyssey), a new international, pre‐competitive, public–private consortium that proposes to implement a self‐learning healthcare delivery system for screening all newborns for over 400 hundred genetic diseases, diagnostic confirmation, implementation of effective treatment, and acceleration of orphan drug development. We invite investigators and stakeholders worldwide to join the consortium in a prospective, multi‐center, international trial of the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of BeginNGS.
Olfactory Neuron Prokineticin‐2 as a Potential Target in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Schirinzi Tommaso , Maftei Daniela , Passali Francesco M. , Grillo Piergiorgio , Zenuni Henri , Mascioli Davide , Maurizi Riccardo , Loccisano Laura , Vincenzi Martina , Rinaldi Anna Maria , Ralli Massimo , Di Girolamo Stefano , Stefani Alessandro , Lattanzi Roberta , Severini Cinzia , Mercuri Nicola B.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to outline the dynamics of prokineticin‐2 pathway in relation to clinical‐pathological features of Parkinson's disease by examining olfactory neurons of patients.

Methods

Thirty‐eight patients (26 de novo, newly diagnosed) and 31 sex/age‐matched healthy controls underwent noninvasive mucosa brushing for olfactory neurons collection, and standard clinical assessment. Gene expression levels of prokineticin‐2, prokineticin‐2 receptors type 1 and 2, and prokineticin‐2‐long peptide were measured in olfactory neurons by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); moreover, the prokineticin‐2 protein and α‐synuclein species (total and oligomeric) were quantified by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

Prokineticin‐2 expression was significantly increased in Parkinson's disease. De novo patients had higher prokineticin‐2 levels, directly correlated with Movement Disorder Society‐Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III motor score. In addition, oligomeric α‐synuclein was higher in Parkinson's disease and directly correlated with prokineticin‐2 protein levels. Total α‐synuclein did not differ between patients and controls.

Interpretation

Prokineticin‐2 is a chemokine showing neuroprotective effects in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, but translational proof of its role in patients is still lacking. Here, we used olfactory neurons as the ideal tissue to analyze molecular stages of neurodegeneration in vivo, providing unprecedented evidence that the prokineticin‐2 pathway is activated in patients with Parkinson's disease. Specifically, prokineticin‐2 expression in olfactory neurons was higher at early disease stages, proportional to motor severity, and associated with oligomeric α‐synuclein accumulation. These data, consistently with preclinical findings, support prokineticin‐2 as a candidate target in Parkinson's disease, and validate reliability of olfactory neurons to reflect pathological changes of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:196–204
Biological Effects of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials on Mammalian Cells and Animals
Authors: Zhang Xuejiao , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Tang Weihao , Deng Shuo , Liu Daxu , Zhang Siyu , Zhao Qing , Xing Baoshan
Published: October 2022

The remarkable progress of applied black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNMs) is attributed to BP's outstanding properties. Due to its potential for applications, environmental release and subsequent human exposure are virtually inevitable. Therefore, how BPNMs impact biological systems and human health needs to be considered. In this comprehensive Minireview, the most recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms and regulation factors of BPNMs’ endogenous toxicity to mammalian systems are presented. These achievements lay the groundwork for an understanding of its biological effects, aimed towards establishing regulatory principles to minimize the adverse health impacts.
Random‐effects meta‐analysis models for the odds ratio in the case of rare events under different data‐generating models: A simulation study
Authors: Jansen Katrin , Holling Heinz
Published: October 2022

Meta‐analysis of binary data is challenging when the event under investigation is rare, and standard models for random‐effects meta‐analysis perform poorly in such settings. In this simulation study, we investigate the performance of different random‐effects meta‐analysis models in terms of point and interval estimation of the pooled log odds ratio in rare events meta‐analysis. First and foremost, we evaluate the performance of a hypergeometric‐normal model from the family of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), which has been recommended, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated for rare events meta‐analysis. Performance of this model is compared to performance of the beta‐binomial model, which yielded favorable results in previous simulation studies, and to the performance of models that are frequently used in rare events meta‐analysis, such as the inverse variance model and the Mantel–Haenszel method. In addition to considering a large number of simulation parameters inspired by real‐world data settings, we study the comparative performance of the meta‐analytic models under two different data‐generating models (DGMs) that have been used in past simulation studies. The results of this study show that the hypergeometric‐normal GLMM is useful for meta‐analysis of rare events when moderate to large heterogeneity is present. In addition, our study reveals important insights with regard to the performance of the beta‐binomial model under different DGMs from the binomial‐normal family. In particular, we demonstrate that although misalignment of the beta‐binomial model with the DGM affects its performance, it shows more robustness to the DGM than its competitors.
Therapist responsivity during disagreement in psychotherapy
Authors: Olson David A. , Westra Henny A. , Shukla Serena , Di Bartolomeo Alyssa A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Therapist responsivity is recognised as an important factor for improved psychotherapy process and outcome. Previous research (Aviram et al., 2016) has found that increased therapist responsivity during key moments (e.g., disagreements) is particularly impactful to post‐treatment outcome. However, global scores of the observational coding system used in prior studies fail to capture more precise micromoments and specific therapist responsivity within disagreement episodes that may contribute to outcome. In response, this study analysed therapy disagreement episodes with more precise coding measures that capture moment‐to‐moment sequences of therapist and client utterances.

Method

Sixty disagreement episodes (segment beginning with clear client disagreement with therapist and ending once they shifted to a new topic) previously abstracted from early working phase sessions of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of cognitive behavioural therapy with and without integrated motivational interviewing (Hara et al., 2022) were utilised. To gauge responsivity within these episodes, two therapist behaviours (demand and support) were examined in response to specific moments of client counter‐change talk (CCT) statements using microlevel, moment‐to‐moment coding systems. This resulted in indices of appropriate (CCT‐Support) and inappropriate/errors in responsivity (CCT‐Demand). Responsivity indices were compared with the gold standard observational coding measure for managing ambivalence and resistance, the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scale (MITI).

Results

While appropriate responsivity did not predict outcome, responsivity errors significantly predicted poorer outcome at one year post‐treatment. Additionally, the capacity of responsivity errors for predicting outcome was equivalent to that obtained from the global observational measure.

Conclusion

These findings have significant implications for training by emphasising the need for therapists to be sensitive to context and to acquire skill at detecting and responsively managing specific moments to avoid responsivity errors and improve therapy outcomes.
Incidental finding of maternal malignancy in an unusual non‐invasive prenatal test and a review of similar cases
Authors: Moellgaard Maria Hammer , Lund Ida Charlotte Bay , Becher Naja , Skytte Anne‐Bine , Andreasen Lotte , Srebniak Malgorzata Ilona , Vogel Ida
Published: October 2022

We present a clinical case where a complex abnormal non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) result in a research project revealed carcinoma of the breast in the pregnant woman. Furthermore, the NIPT result did not demonstrate the same fetal chromosomal aberration as the chorion villus sample. A literature search for similar cases was performed identifying 43 unique cases, where abnormal NIPT results were related to maternal malignancy. Malignancy is a rare but important cause of complex abnormal non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) results and should be considered when fetal karyotype and abnormal NIPT results are discordant. Furthermore, a follow‐up invasive sample is essential for correct fetal diagnosis when abnormal NIPT results are found.
Lyme neuroborreliosis as a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and facial palsy
Authors: Nitro Letizia , Martino Barbara , Fuccillo Emanuela , Felisati Giovanni , Saibene Alberto Maria
Published: October 2022

We present a case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and rapidly progressive facial palsy in a female patient in her 40s with no, apparently, notable past medical or surgical history. Investigations revealed a positive serology for B. burgdoferi and the MRI allowed us to identify suggestive signs of Lyme meningitis with multiple cranial nerve involvement. After diagnosis, the patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone with a full recovery of sensorineural deafness and facial palsy. This case report highlights the importance of collecting a complete medical history in all cases of facial palsy and sudden hearing loss while presenting an infrequent clinical presentation of early disseminated Lyme disease with neuroborreliosis.
Silent challenge: Early kidney transplant failure and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Santana‐Estupiñán Raquel , Valga Francisco , Groba Marco María del Val , Quevedo‐Reina Juan Carlos , Bongiovanni David , Rodríguez‐Pérez José Carlos
Published: October 2022

Differentiation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes is challenging but crucial for appropriate management. We report a case of myocardial oxalate deposition as an infrequent cause of infiltrative cardiomyopathy.
Guillain–Barre Syndrome following lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A case report
Authors: Luitel Prajjwol , Upadhyay Devansh , Neupane Nischal , Paudel Sujan , Gyawali Prashant , Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Karn Ragesh , Rajbhandari Reema , Gautam Niraj , Shrestha Ashish , Ojha Rajeev
Published: October 2022

Symptoms of Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) may be mistaken for typical puerperal changes, delaying diagnosis. Surgery and anesthesia may be triggers for GBS with an overall increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the postpartum period. We report a unique case of GBS in the postpartum period who made a good recovery with supportive measures.
Case report of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis presenting as acute myocarditis
Authors: Björkenstam Marie , Bobbio Emanuele , Mellberg Tomas , Polte Christian L. , Bergh Niklas , Giallauria Francesco , Bollano Entela
Published: October 2022

This case presents a challenging diagnosis of EGPA presenting as eosinophilic myocarditis. It is a condition that can mimic many other diseases and where prompt diagnosis and early treatment is essential for recovery. The diagnosis was made after an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and showed the importance of EMB in the diagnostic work‐up.
Automatic pretreatment and multiblock analysis of flavor release and sensory temporal data simultaneously collected in vivo
Authors: Peltier Caroline , Visalli Michel , Labouré Hélène , Hélard Cantin , Andriot Isabelle , Cordelle Sylvie , Le Quéré Jean‐Luc , Schlich Pascal
Published: October 2022

Proton transfer reaction‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐ToF‐MS or PTR‐MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that can be used for measuring the concentration of volatile organic compounds directly in the subjects' noses (nosespace, in vivo analysis) during a tasting and over time. It can be combined with temporal sensory methods such as temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) or temporal check all that apply (TCATA) in order to obtain simultaneous sensory and physico‐chemical signals. This paper aims to provide a methodology to analyze in vivo PTR‐MS and temporal sensory data and illustrate it on a real dataset. First, relevant pretreatments of PTR‐MS data were established, including breathing correction, blank periods removal, and standardization. Then, a statistical multiblock analysis was presented: the regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA). The versality of the approach was demonstrated, as it can be used to answer most of problematics (exploratory or supervised). Finally, this methodology is illustrated on a dataset of PTR‐MS and TDS or TCATA data collected simultaneously. In this study, 16 semitrained subjects evaluated three chocolates in TDS and TCATA on six flavor attributes (Spicy, Cocoa, Woody, Fruity, Roasty, and Dry Fruits) with two replicates for each sensory method. Results showed that TCATA and TDS gave similar results, but TDS was shown to slightly better preserve the PTR‐MS observed product configuration than TCATA. All computing tools developed in this work are freely available.
Rational Design of a Triple Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanoplatform for Enhanced Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Zhang Shouqiang , Han Xin , Chen Xinran , Liu Yuxin , Zhou Jing
Published: October 2022

The development of responsive nanoplatforms based on the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Concentrating on a single TME‐responsive nanoplatform, however, may result in insufficient diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Herein, layered double‐hydroxides (LDHs) and rare earth nanomaterials (Er@Lu) were combined to create a triple TME‐responsive nanoplatform that was then modified with cypate (a fluorescent dye with strong absorbance) by a peptide chain and loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a chemotherapeutic drug. Multiple responses to TME occurred when Er@Lu/LDH‐EGCG reached the colorectal tumor region. Based on an acidic TME, the nanoplatform cracked and released Ni2+ and EGCG. NiS, which was produced by the reaction of Ni2+ with abundant H2S in tumor cells, was used for photothermal therapy and the released EGCG was used for chemotherapy. The MMP‐7 enzyme specifically expressed in tumor cells recognized and cut the peptide chain, resulting in cypate release. The fluorescence of the Er@Lu was then restored along with the release of cypate because of the absorption competition disappearance. Compared to a single TME response, Er@Lu/LDH‐EGCG with a triple TME response led to a better synergistic therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo. This work has provided new approaches for developing multiple TME‐responsive therapeutic nanoplatforms for synergistic therapy with improved diagnosis and therapeutic efficiency.
Chiral‐at‐Metal Silver‐Mediated Base Pairs: Metal‐Centred Chirality versus DNA Helical Chirality
Authors: Lefringhausen Nils , Seiffert Victoria , Erbacher Catharina , Karst Uwe , Müller Jens
Published: October 2022

When covalently incorporating ligands capable of forming chiral metal complexes into a DNA oligonucleotide duplex, an enantiospecific formation of metal‐mediated base pairs is possible. We have been investigating the chirality of the silver‐mediated base pair P−AgI−P (P, 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline) depending on the number of consecutive P : P pairs within a series of duplexes. Towards this end, both enantiomers of the nucleoside analogue 3‐(1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthrolin‐1‐yl)propane‐1,2‐diol comprising an acyclic backbone were introduced into DNA duplexes, resulting in diastereomeric metal‐mediated base pairs. The same chiral‐at‐metal complex is formed inside the duplex for up to five neighbouring P−AgI−P pairs, irrespective of whether (S)‐P or (R)‐P is used. With six silver‐mediated base pairs, the chirality of the metal complex is inverted for (S)‐P but not for (R)‐P. This indicates an intricate balance of what determines the configuration of the metal complex, the intrinsically preferred metal‐centred chirality or the DNA helical chirality.
Synthesis, Post‐Functionalization and Properties of Diphosphapentaarenes
Authors: Regulska Elzbieta , Hindenberg Philip , Espineira‐Gutierrez Adrian , Romero‐Nieto Carlos
Published: October 2022

Linearly‐fused polyarenes are an important class of compounds with high relevance in materials science. While modifying the shape and size represents a common means to fine‐tune their properties, the precise placement of heteroatoms is a strategy that is receiving an increasing deal of attention to overcome the intrinsic limitations of all‐carbon structures. Thus, linearly‐fused diphosphaarenes recently emerged as a novel family of molecules with striking optoelectronic properties and outstanding stability. However, the properties of diphosphaarenes are far from being benchmarked. Herein, we report the synthesis, phosphorus post‐functionalization and properties of new diphosphapentaarene derivatives. We describe their synthetic limitations and unveil their potential for optoelectronic applications.
On the Mechanism of the Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition – Retro‐electrocyclization (CA‐RE) Reaction
Authors: Hansen Jonathan Kirschner Solberg , Tortzen Christian G. , Sørensen Preben Graae , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens
Published: October 2022

The [2+2] cycloaddition ‐ retro‐electrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction is a “click‐like” protocol for facile synthesis of donor‐acceptor chromophores from an alkyne and tetracyanoethylene. Herein we shed light on the mechanism of this reaction by detailed kinetics studies using 1H NMR spectroscopy. By considering several experiments simultaneously, a variety of mechanistic models was evaluated. Surprisingly, a model in which the final 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene product promoted the first step was the only one that described well the experimental data. This autocatalysis model also involved a non‐concerted, stepwise formation of the cyclobutene cycloaddition adduct. By proper choice of conditions, we were able to generate the transient cyclobutene in sufficient amount to verify it as an intermediate using 13C NMR spectroscopy. For its final retro‐electrocyclization step, simple first‐order kinetics was observed and only minor solvent dependence, which indicates a concerted reaction.
Chromatic organization of retinal photoreceptors during eye migration of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
Authors: Bolstad Kennedy , Novales Flamarique Iñigo
Published: October 2022

The retinas of fishes often have single and double cone photoreceptors that are organized in lattice‐like mosaics. In flatfishes experiencing eye migration (i.e., the metamorphic process whereby one eye migrates to the other side of the head), the hexagonal lattice of single cones present in the larva undergoes major restructuring resulting in a dominant square mosaic postmetamorphosis consisting of four double cones surrounding each single cone. The expression of different opsin types during eye migration has not been examined despite its importance in understanding photoreceptor plasticity and whether cell fate (in terms of spectral phenotype) could influence square mosaic formation. Here, we probed the retina of Atlantic halibut undergoing eye migration for opsin expression using two antibodies, AHblue and AB5407, that labeled short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2) opsin and longer wavelength (predominantly middle wavelength sensitive, RH2) opsins, respectively. Throughout the retina, double and triple cones labeled with AB5407 exclusively, whereas the vast majority of single cones labeled with AHblue. A minority (<5%) of single cones in the square mosaic of the centroventral retina labeled with AB5407. In regions of mosaic transition and near peripheral growth zones, some single cones co‐expressed at least two opsins as they labeled with both antibodies. Short wavelength (SWS2 expressing, or S) cones formed a nonrandom mosaic gradient from central to dorsal retina in a region dominated by the larval single cone mosaic. Our results demonstrate the expression of at least two opsins throughout the postmetamorphic retina and suggest opsin switching as a mechanism to create new cone spectral phenotypes. In addition, the S cone gradient at the onset of eye migration may underlie a plastic, cell induction mechanism by which a cone's phenotype determines that of its neighbors and the formation of the square mosaic.
Two aspects of longevity are associated with rates of loss of telomeres in birds
Authors: Dobson F. Stephen , Schull Quentin , Criscuolo François
Published: October 2022

Telomeres, the terminal repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes, have strong associations with longevity in some major taxa. Longevity has been linked to rate of decline in telomere length in birds and mammals, and absolute telomere length seems to be associated with body mass in mammals. Using a phylogenetic comparative method and 30 species of birds, we examined longevity (reflected by maximum lifespan), absolute telomere length, the rate of change in telomere length (TROC), and body mass (often strongly associated with longevity) to ascertain their degree of association. We divided lifespan into two life‐history components, one reflected by body size (measured as body mass) and a component that was statistically independent of body mass. While both lifespan and body mass were strongly associated with a family tree of the species (viz., the phylogeny of the species), telomere measures were not. Telomere length was not significantly associated with longevity or body mass or our measure of mass‐independent lifespan. TROC, however, was strongly associated with mass‐independent lifespan, but only to a much lesser degree at best with body mass‐predicted lifespan. Our results supported an association of TROC and longevity, in particular longevity that was independent of body size and part of the pace‐of‐life syndrome of life histories.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate improves outcome of no‐reflow acute myocardial infarction via sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1
Authors: Polzin Amin , Dannenberg Lisa , Benkhoff Marcel , Barcik Maike , Keul Petra , Ayhan Aysel , Weske Sarah , Ahlbrecht Samantha , Trojovsky Kajetan , Helten Carolin , Haberkorn Sebastian , Flögel Ulrich , Zeus Tobias , Müller Tina , Gräler Markus H. , Kelm Malte , Levkau Bodo
Published: October 2022

Aims

Therapeutic options targeting post‐ischaemic cardiac remodelling are sparse. The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) reduces ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, its impact on post‐ischaemic remodelling independently of its infarct size (IS)‐reducing effect is yet unknown and was addressed in this study.

Methods and results

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in mice was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). C57Bl6 were treated with the S1P lyase inhibitor 4‐deoxypyridoxine (DOP) starting 7 days prior to AMI to increase endogenous S1P concentrations. Cardiac function and myocardial healing were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), murine echocardiography, histomorphology, and gene expression analysis. DOP effects were investigated in cardiomyocyte‐specific S1P receptor 1 deficient (S1PR1 Cardio Cre+) and Cre− control mice and S1P concentrations measured by LC‐MS/MS. IS and cardiac function did not differ between control and DOP‐treated groups on day one after LAD‐ligation despite fourfold increase in plasma S1P. In contrast, cardiac function was clearly improved and myocardial scar size reduced, respectively, on Day 21 in DOP‐treated mice. The latter also exhibited smaller cardiomyocyte size and reduced embryonic gene expression. The benefit of DOP treatment was abolished in S1PR1 Cardio Cre+.

Conclusions

S1P improves cardiac function and myocardial healing post AMI independently of initial infarct size and accomplishes this via the cardiomyocyte S1PR1. Hence, in addition to its beneficial effects on I/R injury, S1PR1 may be a promising target in post‐infarction myocardial remodelling as adjunctive therapy to revascularization as well as in patients not eligible for standard interventional procedures.
A construction of post quantum secure and signal leakage resistant authenticated key agreement protocol for mobile communication
Authors: Kumar Uddeshaya , Garg Manish , Kumari Saru , Dharminder Dharminder
Published: October 2022

Mobile communication is very important for an individual users, enterprisers, industries, businesses, and organizations. Since the nodes communicate through a public channel, security, and privacy become essential component for mobile communication. Both key exchange and authentication are two important security attributes to establish secure communication between two parties. In the past few years, various post‐quantum secure authentication protocols have been designed, but we have found that either some of the protocols are vulnerable to stolen smart card attack, invalid login, or signal leakage attack. In this article, we have discussed how the protocol Dharminder et al (Dharminder D, Chandran KP. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput. 2020; 11:4089‐4100.) is vulnerable to modified version of signal leakage attack, and sometimes called improved signal leakage attack. We have also suggested a remedy over the current existing protocol suffering from signal leakage attacks. The proposed protocol is secure against quantum attacks. We have proved the security of the proposed protocol under ring learning with errors assumption. The proposed authentication and key agreement needs only two messages exchange. We have also found the proposed is efficient in terms of computation with respect to relevant protocols.
Publishing child development research from around the world: An unfair playing field resulting in most of the world's child population under‐represented in research
Authors: Draper Catherine E. , Barnett Lisa M. , Cook Caylee J. , Cuartas Jorge A. , Howard Steven J. , McCoy Dana C. , Merkley Rebecca , Molano Andres , Maldonado‐Carreño Carolina , Obradović Jelena , Scerif Gaia , Valentini Nadia C. , Venetsanou Fotini , Yousafzai Aisha K.
Published: October 2022

It has become increasingly apparent that publishing research on child development from certain countries is especially challenging. These countries have been referred to collectively as the Majority World, the Global South, non‐WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic), or low‐ and middle‐income countries. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to these persistent challenges, and provide constructive recommendations to contribute to better representation of children from these countries in child development research. In this paper, we outline the history of publication bias in developmental science, and issues of generalization of research from these countries and hence where it ‘fits’ in terms of publishing. The importance of explaining context is highlighted, including for research on measurement child development outcomes, and attention is drawn to the vicious publication‐funding cycle that further exacerbates the challenges of publishing this research. Specific recommendations are made to assist child development journals achieve their stated goals of creating a more inclusive, equitable, diverse, and global field of child development.
The role of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathways in cigarette smoke‐induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lin Ling , Li Jing , Song Qing , Cheng Wei , Chen Ping
Published: October 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with irreversible and continuous progression. It has become the fifth most burdensome disease and the third most deadly disease globally. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent, and it is also important to clarify the pathogenesis of it. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) can cause lung inflammation and other pathological mechanisms in the airways and lung tissue. Airway inflammation is one of the important mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, including COPD. HMGB1 is a typical damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, which mainly exerts its activity by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further participate in the process of airway inflammation. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 are related to inflammation in COPD. Herein, we discuss the roles of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in CS/cigarette smoke extract‐induced inflammation in COPD, providing a new target for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COPD.