bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitizing the Humanities
Authors: Shepp Mandi
Published: June 2015

Scholarship in the humanities is rapidly becoming digital, and patrons expect libraries to offer new resources. The influence of Web 2.0, especially social media, amplifies these changes and enhances digital scholarship. The collaborative creation of digital collections allows libraries to modernize their available resources while encouraging dynamic patron participation in the educational process through initiatives like crowdsourcing. The developing digital elements of humanities scholarship and how they can be affected by the participatory web is examined through discussion and review of literature, and applied and observed through a case study of The Skeptiseum, a digital museum of physical artifacts, and how digitization contributes to modern scholarship in the humanities.
Digital Humanities and Librarians
Authors: Hoeve Casey , Pankl Elisabeth , Crosby Mark
Published: June 2015

This chapter details the development and implementation of an Introduction to Digital Humanities course (ENGL 695) at Kansas State University (K-State). The course originated with a tenure-track professor with a research specialty in British Romantic-period Literature and the digital humanities. In conjunction with a host of librarians at K-State Libraries, a course was developed that drew on both library resources and librarian knowledges and skills. Over the course of the semester, the professor and the students worked closely with librarians in many areas of the library, including public services, technical services and special collections. The result was four innovative and sustainable digital projects that highlighted the resources and research interests at K-State. In addition to introducing students to the digital humanities, the course also served to establish a framework for future initiatives, including hosting a digital humanities symposium and establishing a digital humanities center.
A DH State of Mind
Authors: Elliott Cindy , Feeney Mary , Kollen Chris , Reyes-Escudero Veronica
Published: June 2015

Partnering with faculty and students working in the digital humanities is a natural extension of librarian roles as liaisons, subject specialists, curators, and digital collections specialists. Librarians are well-positioned to identify campus needs and opportunities, and provide research consultations, information resources, and digital project management expertise for the digital humanities. The authors propose that a “digital humanities state of mind” is a way for librarians to approach engaging in and supporting the digital humanities. This chapter explores the roles and contributions of librarians working on digital humanities projects, examines how some libraries collaborate in the digital humanities at their institutions, and explains the importance of environmental scanning and needs assessment for understanding the digital humanities researchers at one's own institution. The authors discuss three examples of digital humanities library collaborations: digitization of Mexican and Mexican American newspapers, digitization of borderland materials, and a 16mm film project.
From Digital Arts and Humanities to DASH
Authors: Schell Justin , Burroughs Jennie M. , Boudewyns Deborah , Marcus Cecily , Spicer Scott
Published: June 2015

Academic libraries around the United States have been responding to an emerging style of research, the digital humanities, that promises to expand and revolutionize the humanities. Libraries are finding themselves to be generative sites of innovative partnerships and projects. Seeing a new opportunity to showcase cutting edge research and demonstrate value in an era of competitive demands for financial resources, there is significant incentive for libraries to quickly anticipate scholarly needs. Yet how do academic libraries best support a field of practice that is still developing? To address these issues, the University of Minnesota Libraries conducted a multi-year assessment of scholarly trends and practices, infrastructure needs, and roles of digital humanities centers and academic libraries, the University of Minnesota Libraries have designed and are in the process of implementing a service model as part of its Digital Arts Sciences + Humanities (DASH) program.
Marine Inertial Measurement Units: Communication, Capabilities, and Challenges
Authors: Kennedy Donal , Cullen Eric , McNulty Regina , Gaffney Mark , Walsh Michael , O'Flynn Brendan
Published: June 2015

Abstract This paper describes the development of marine inertial measurement units (MIMUs) for the measurement of buoy motions. MIMUs are miniature, low-power, low-cost devices that utilize off-the-shelf microelectromechanical system (MEMS) components to monitor motion. Two
MIMU devices have been deployed off the coast of Ireland—using SmartBay's test facilities and data infrastructure; these transmit buoy motion data to shore in real time. The recorded inertial data are used to develop algorithms that provide relevant information for marine applications,
with the eventual aim of embedding these on the MIMU itself. Methods and results are presented of one such application—the measurement of significant wave height (Hs)—and are shown to be comparable to state-of-the-art solutions, at a fraction of the cost and power requirements.
Additional applications and possible future developments of the work are also discussed.
Ocean Sensor “Imaging” Arrays Based on Bio-inspired Architectures and 2-D/3-D Construction
Authors: Fries David P. , Starr Chase A. , Barton Geran W.
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany common ocean sensor systems measure a localized space above a single sensor element. Single-point measurements give magnitude but not necessarily direction information. Expanding single sensor elements, such as used in salinity sensors, into arrays permits spatial distribution measurements and allows flux visualizations. Furthermore, applying microsystem technology to these macro sensor systems can yield imaging arrays with high-resolution spatial/temporal sensing functions. Extending such high spatial resolution imaging over large areas is a desirable feature for new “vision” modes on autonomous robotic systems and for deployable ocean sensor systems. The work described here explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) technology for new sensing concepts and designs. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging “camera” systems, we have merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from 3-D printing. This approach merges the 2-D flexible electronics world of printed circuits with the 3-D printed packaging world. Furthermore, employing architectures used by biology as a basis for our imaging systems, we explored naturally and biologically inspired designs, their relationships to visual imagining, and alternate mechanical systems of perception. Through the use of bio-inspiration, a framework is laid out to base further research on design for packaging of ocean sensors and arrays. Using 3-D printed exoskeleton's rigid form with flexible printed circuits, one can create systems that are both rigid and form-fitting with 3-D shape and enable new sensor systems for various ocean sensory applications.
Incentivizing Innovation for the Oceans and Beyond
Authors: Virmani Jyotika I. , Bunje Paul M.E.
Published: June 2015

Abstract For over a decade, XPRIZE has been the leader in incentivized global prize competitions. Historically, such competitions have radically changed the world by spurring the rapid innovation of technologies to address societal challenges. XPRIZE currently has four active
global competitions, including the $2 million Wendy Schmidt Ocean Health XPRIZE to develop accurate, robust, and affordable pH sensors to improve our understanding of ocean acidification. This addresses the grand challenge of the overwhelming lack of data on our oceans. Innovations
are expected to emerge from this competition that could be adapted to other ocean sensors, including portability, ease of deployment and recovery, solutions to address power and biofouling limitations, and data recovery using modern software and wireless capabilities. This competition is part
of the XPRIZE Ocean Initiative, which is a suite of five ocean XPRIZE competitions that, over 10 years, will award millions of dollars to innovators who can solve some of the grand challenges facing the ocean. Collectively, these ocean-focused prizes aim to achieve the XPRIZE vision of a healthy,
valued, and understood ocean.
Reliability Assessment of State-of-the-Art Real-Time Data Reception and Analysis System for the Indian Seas
Authors: Venkatesan Ramasamy , Ramasundaram Subramaniam , Sundar Ranganathan , Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Lavanya Rajagopalan , Atmanand Malayath Aravindakshan
Published: June 2015

Abstract This paper describes the Advanced Data Reception and Analysis System (ADDRESS) used for monitoring Indian Ocean moored buoys and the reliability analysis done on the data reception and dissemination performances. The system needs to be highly reliable, as the critical
real-time data received from the tsunami and meteorological buoys are used for societal protection decision support systems during tsunami and cyclonic events. Driven by demanding societal needs, the developed ADDRESS with a 24/7 manned and automated Mission Control Center and the implemented
system integrity proof test interval is found to conform with the IEC 61508 SIL 4 safety and reliability levels and to have an availability of 99.9938%. The graphical display capabilities developed are used for buoy deployment support, early restoration of failed moorings, and for up-keep
of system components operating in remote harsh offshore environments by monitoring their performance over time.
Canadian contributions to forest insect pathology and to the use of pathogens in forest pest management
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees , Lucarotti Christopher , Lavallée Robert
Published: June 2015

The study of insect pathogens became established as a distinct discipline in the late 1940s. In the ~65 years that followed, forest pest management was the main theatre for the development and practice of insect pathology in Canada. Researchers from the federal government and academic institutions contributed to the growing discipline by acquiring foundational knowledge on taxonomy, mode of action, natural occurrence, and ecological role of key pathogens infecting forest pest insects, covering an array of fungi, Microsporidia, viruses, and bacteria. The ultimate goal was to develop pathogen-based alternatives to synthetic insecticides used in large-scale forest protection programmes throughout eastern Canada. That goal was achieved through the development of baculovirus-based products for control of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), tussock moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), and various sawfly (Hymenoptera) species, which are now in the hands of private industry and poised for growing operational use. The second success was the development of products based onBacillus thuringiensisBerliner (Bacillaceae), which have almost entirely replaced synthetic insecticides in forest protection. We review those successes and other key Canadian contributions to forest insect pathology within the context of emerging digital, molecular, and other technologies, and show how they have altered today’s face of forest pest management in Canada.
Bioclimatic approach to assessing the potential impact of climate change on wheat midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America
Authors: Olfert O. , Weiss R.M. , Elliott R.H.
Published: June 2015

Wheat midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Palaearctic in origin, is thought to have been introduced into North America in the early 1800s. It is a major pest of spring wheat (Triticum aestivumLinnaeus (Poaceae)), durum wheat (T. durumDesfontaines), triticale (X-Triticosecale), and, to a lesser extent, spring rye (Secale cerealeLinnaeus (Poaceae)) throughout the northern Great Plains. Climate is the principal factor regulating the distribution and abundance of most insects. A bioclimate simulation model was developed to explain the current distribution and abundance ofS. mosellana. The current distribution for North America, Europe, and Asia was consistent with model projections. General circulation model scenarios (CSIRO-MK 3.0 and MIROC-H) for the 2030 and 2070 time periods were applied to the bioclimate simulation model ofS. mosellanato assess the potential impact of changing climates on their distribution and relative abundance. Potential changes to relative abundance and distribution were most sensitive to time period, as opposed to climate change scenario. Differences between the MIROC-H and CSIRO-MK 3.0 models were restricted to particular regions in North America. The study found that the range and abundance ofS. mosellana, and associated crop risk, was predicted to expand in a northerly direction and contract across the present southern limits.
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Mediate the Release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoglycans and Lipoproteins from Infected Macrophages
Authors: Athman Jaffre J. , Wang Ying , McDonald David J. , Boom W. Henry , Harding Clifford V. , Wearsch Pamela A.
Published: June 2015

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that infects lung macrophages and releases microbial factors that regulate host defense. M. tuberculosis lipoproteins and lipoglycans block phagosome maturation, inhibit class II MHC Ag presentation, and modulate TLR2-dependent cytokine production, but the mechanisms for their release during infection are poorly defined. Furthermore, these molecules are thought to be incorporated into host membranes and released from infected macrophages within exosomes, 40–150-nm extracellular vesicles that derive from multivesicular endosomes. However, our studies revealed that extracellular vesicles released from infected macrophages include two distinct, largely nonoverlapping populations: one containing host cell markers of exosomes (CD9, CD63) and the other containing M. tuberculosis molecules (lipoglycans, lipoproteins). These vesicle populations are similar in size but have distinct densities, as determined by separation on sucrose gradients. Release of lipoglycans and lipoproteins from infected macrophages was dependent on bacterial viability, implicating active bacterial mechanisms in their secretion. Consistent with recent reports of extracellular vesicle production by bacteria (including M. tuberculosis), we propose that bacterial membrane vesicles are secreted by M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages and subsequently are released into the extracellular environment. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released from M. tuberculosis–infected cells activate TLR2 and induce cytokine responses by uninfected macrophages. We demonstrate that these activities derive from the bacterial membrane vesicles rather than exosomes. Our findings suggest that bacterial membrane vesicles are the primary means by which M. tuberculosis exports lipoglycans and lipoproteins to impair effector functions of infected macrophages and circulate bacterial components beyond the site of infection to regulate immune responses by uninfected cells.
Cutting Edge: Inflammasome Activation in Primary Human Macrophages Is Dependent on Flagellin
Authors: Kortmann Jens , Brubaker Sky W. , Monack Denise M.
Published: June 2015

Murine NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip)1, Naip2, and Naip5/6 are host sensors that detect the cytosolic presence of needle and rod proteins from bacterial type III secretion systems and flagellin, respectively. Previous studies using human-derived macrophage-like cell lines indicate that human macrophages sense the cytosolic needle protein, but not bacterial flagellin. In this study, we show that primary human macrophages readily sense cytosolic flagellin. Infection of primary human macrophages with Salmonella elicits robust cell death and IL-1β secretion that is dependent on flagellin. We show that flagellin detection requires a full-length isoform of human Naip. This full-length Naip isoform is robustly expressed in primary macrophages from healthy human donors, but it is drastically reduced in monocytic tumor cells, THP-1, and U937, rendering them insensitive to cytosolic flagellin. However, ectopic expression of full-length Naip rescues the ability of U937 cells to sense flagellin. In conclusion, human Naip functions to activate the inflammasome in response to flagellin, similar to murine Naip5/6.
Reversing Tolerance in Isotype Switch–Competent Anti-Insulin B Lymphocytes
Authors: Williams Jonathan M. , Bonami Rachel H. , Hulbert Chrys , Thomas James W.
Published: June 2015

Autoreactive B lymphocytes that escape central tolerance and mature in the periphery are a liability for developing autoimmunity. IgG insulin autoantibodies that predict type 1 diabetes and complicate insulin therapies indicate that mechanisms for tolerance to insulin are flawed. To examine peripheral tolerance in anti-insulin B cells, we generated C57BL/6 mice that harbor anti-insulin VDJH-125 site directed to the native IgH locus (VH125SD). Class switch–competent anti-insulin B cells fail to produce IgG Abs following T cell–dependent immunization of VH125SD mice with heterologous insulin, and they exhibit markedly impaired proliferation to anti-CD40 plus insulin in vitro. In contrast, costimulation with LPS plus insulin drives robust anti-insulin B cell proliferation. Furthermore, VH125SD mice produce both IgM and IgG2a anti-insulin Abs following immunization with insulin conjugated to type 1 T cell–independent Brucella abortus ring test Ag (BRT). Anti-insulin B cells undergo clonal expansion in vivo and emerge as IgM+ and IgM− GL7+Fas+ germinal center (GC) B cells following immunization with insulin-BRT, but not BRT alone. Analysis of Igκ genes in VH125SD mice immunized with insulin-BRT reveals that anti-insulin Vκ from the preimmune repertoire is selected into GCs. These data demonstrate that class switch–competent anti-insulin B cells remain functionally silent in T cell–dependent immune responses, yet these B cells are vulnerable to reversal of anergy following combined BCR/TLR engagement that promotes Ag-specific GC responses and Ab production. Environmental factors that lead to infection and inflammation could play a critical yet underappreciated role in driving loss of tolerance and promoting autoimmune disease.
TGF-β–Dependent Dendritic Cell Chemokinesis in Murine Models of Airway Disease
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuo , Yanagisawa Haruhiko , Minagawa Shunsuke , Sen Debasish , Ma Royce , Murray Lynne A. , Tsui Ping , Lou Jianlong , Marks James D. , Baron Jody L. , Krummel Matthew F. , Nishimura Stephen L.
Published: June 2015

Small airway chronic inflammation is a major pathologic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is refractory to current treatments. Dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate around small airways in COPD. DCs are critical mediators of Ag surveillance and Ag presentation and amplify adaptive immune responses. How DCs accumulate around airways remains largely unknown. We use 2-photon DC imaging of living murine lung sections to directly visualize the dynamic movement of living DCs around airways in response to either soluble mediators (IL-1β) or environmental stimuli (cigarette smoke or TLR3 ligands) implicated in COPD pathogenesis. We find that DCs accumulate around murine airways primarily by increasing velocity (chemokinesis) rather than directional migration (chemotaxis) in response to all three stimuli. DC accumulation maximally occurs in a specific zone located 26–50 μm from small airways, which overlaps with zones of maximal DC velocity. Our data suggest that increased accumulation of DCs around airways results from increased numbers of highly chemokinetic DCs entering the lung from the circulation with balanced rates of immigration and emigration. Increases in DC accumulation and chemokinesis are partially dependent on ccr6, a crucial DC chemokine receptor, and fibroblast expression of the integrin αvβ8, a critical activator of TGF-β. αvβ8-Mediated TGF-β activation is known to enhance IL-1β–dependent fibroblast expression of the only known endogenous ccr6 chemokine ligand, ccl20. Taken together, these data suggest a mechanism by which αvβ8, ccl20, and ccr6 interact to lead to DC accumulation around airways in response to COPD-relevant stimuli.
Cutting Edge: Regulation of Exosome Secretion by the Integral MAL Protein in T Cells
Authors: Ventimiglia Leandro N. , Fernández-Martín Laura , Martínez-Alonso Emma , Antón Olga M. , Guerra Milagros , Martínez-Menárguez José Angel , Andrés Germán , Alonso Miguel A.
Published: June 2015

Exosomes secreted by T cells play an important role in coordinating the immune response. HIV-1 Nef hijacks the route of exosome secretion of T cells to modulate the functioning of uninfected cells. Despite the importance of the process, the protein machinery involved in exosome biogenesis is yet to be identified. In this study, we show that MAL, a tetraspanning membrane protein expressed in human T cells, is present in endosomes that travel toward the plasma membrane for exosome secretion. In the absence of MAL, the release of exosome particles and markers was greatly impaired. This effect was accompanied by protein sorting defects at multivesicular endosomes that divert the exosomal marker CD63 to autophagic vacuoles. Exosome release induced by HIV-1 Nef was also dependent on MAL expression. Therefore, MAL is a critical element of the machinery for exosome secretion and may constitute a target for modulating exosome secretion by human T cells.
Adenocarcinoma of Small Bowel
Authors: Fadavi Pedram , Zare Mahkameh
Published: June 2015

Small bowel cancer is one of the rarest cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis is usually late and most patients presented with the advanced stage. Because of this rarity, there is limited data when making decisions for treatment and biological behavior. Most forms of the cancer occur in the duodenum with surgery being the treatment of choice if the cancer is operable. Chemotherapy has an accepted role in duodenal cancer, with the best form being regimen, which yields the best result in combination with capecitabin and oxaliplatin. Our case patient was present with liver metastasis and a huge mass in her first duodenal region so we were required to use chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Like other duodenal cancers, the metastasis decreased her survival and she died about 13 months after diagnosis.
Chronic Long Standing Shoulder Pain, Caused by Glomus Tumor
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Khorshidi Aseih , Hodjati Hossein
Published: June 2015

Chronic shoulder pain can be caused by muscle, bone and joint inflammatory and tumoral lesions; however, chronic shoulder pain secondary to benign vascular tumor called glomus tumor is an extremely rare occurrence. To the best of our knowledge less than 15 cases of chronic shoulder pain have been reported secondary to glomus tumor. Herein we report our experience with a young lady who presented with chronic shoulder pain which turned out to be caused by a soft tissue glomus tumor. This case has also been unique because if its large size (about 5 cm in greatest diameter).
Assessment of cleaning methods for electro-welded sieves to reduce/eliminate carry over contamination between till samples
Authors: Grenier A , Connell-Madore S , McClenaghan M B , Wygergangs M , Moore C S
Published: June 2015

The Sedimentology Lab, with the support of the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) and Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI4) Programs, set out to verify existing sieve cleaning methods used in geological sample preparation laboratories to ensure no cross
contamination between samples. Three cleaning methods were tested using till samples with varying degrees of mineralization.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of commonly used cleaning methods at preventing cross contamination while sieving. This is critical to the quality of the geochemical analysis. Cleaning Method 1, while the quickest, does not remove contamination effectively for the two
deposits sampled for this study. The addition of an extra step in Method 2 lowered the level of the potential contaminants without significant time increase. If known high mineralization exists, cleaning Method 3 is recommended otherwise Method 2 should be sufficient.
In addition to sample preparation it would be a good practice, when submitting samples to be processed for geochemical analysis, to provide a processing order to the laboratory if they are aware of any potentially metal-rich samples. Metal-rich samples should be positioned at the end of the list to
avoid any possible contamination due to sample preparation or analytical memory effect. Clean silica blanks should be inserted at the start of the batch and sieved blanks should be inserted to verify possible contamination in the preparation lab. The insertion of control reference materials (CRMs)
and duplicates are also recommended for quality control.
Rock-Eval/TOC analysis of selected core intervals from the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, northern Canada -- their source rock potential
Authors: Jiang C , Obermajer M , Su A
Published: June 2015

A total of 134 samples collected from the dark-colored intervals of cores taken from oil and gas exploration wells in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin were analyzed using Rock-Eval/TOC technique. The aim of the project was to determine the petroleum source rock
potential of selected Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic intervals based on their organic richness, type of organic matter and their thermal maturity. This Rock-Eval reconnaissance will provide guidance for further oil-source correlation studies to better understand the petroleum systems in the
Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. Well cores were selected based on core description by Dixon (2002) and visual observation of the cores. Care has been taken to avoid intervals with possible drilling mud contamination.
Rock-Eval analytical results indicate that the Tertiary mudstone and coal measures contain immature to marginally mature Type III organic matter. TOC content of the Tertiary mudstone and shale sections can be as high as 5%. Its hydrocarbon potential is apparently lower than that of the
Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks that appear to contain both Type III and Type II organic matter at similar or higher content. Thermal maturity of the Cretaceous and Jurassic potential source rocks ranges from marginally mature to over-mature, depending on their location in the basin. These results
indicate that the Cretaceous and Jurassic source rocks have made significant contribution to oil and gas accumulations in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin.
Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide deposits at convergent margins
Authors: Nixon G T , Manor M J , Jackson-Brown S , Scoates J S , Ames D E
Published: June 2015

Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide deposits hosted by ultramafic-mafic intrusions in convergent-margin tectonic settings are an increasingly important resource worldwide, yet remain poorly understood and underexplored. A compilation of global mineralized intrusions in
subduction-related settings underscores their economic potential and reveals mineralogical differences that may reflect parental magma composition and ore-forming processes. Our geochemical and isotopic investigations of two mineralized ultramafic intrusions in the Cordillera, the
orthopyroxene-absent Turnagain Alaskan-type intrusion and the orthopyroxenerich Giant Mascot intrusion, emphasize (1) the importance of wall-rock assimilation in promoting sulphide saturation and formation of an immiscible sulphide liquid; and (2) the ability of narrow conduit systems to channel
influxes of new metal-laden magma and serve as traps for the collection of upgraded Ni-Cu-PGE sulphides. Processes fundamental to the production of economic Ni-sulphide deposits in the oxidized and hydrous primitive magmas generated at subduction zones are similar to those that have produced
worldclass magmatic nickel deposits in other tectonic settings.
Temporal and spatial distribution of magmatic Cr-(PGE), Ni-Cu-(PGE), and Fe-Ti-(V) deposits in the Bird River--Uchi--Oxford-Stull--La Grande Rivière--Eastmain domains: a new metallogenic province within the Superior Craton
Authors: Houlé M G , Lesher C M , McNicoll V J , Metsaranta R
T , Sappin A -A , Goutier J , Bécu V , Gilbert H P , Yang E M
Published: June 2015

Chromium and Fe-Ti-(V) mineralization in ultramafic-mafic intrusions is known to occur in several areas of the Superior Province, but was considered to be of marginal significance until the discovery of world-class Cr deposits and potentially significant
Fe-Ti-(V) mineralization in the McFaulds Lake greenstone belt ("Ring of Fire") of northern Ontario. Cr-(PGE), Ni-Cu-(PGE), and Fe-Ti-(V) deposits/occurrences in the northern part of the Superior Province occur predominantly within Meso to Neoarchean supracrustal successions along the margins and
within the interiors of the Bird River-Uchi-Oxford-Stull-La Grande Rivièreastmain domains (i.e. BUOGE domains). These domains define a new metallogenic province within the Superior Province characterized by the presence of major Cr-(PGE) with Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Fe-Ti-(V) metal associations that
appear to be fundamentally different from other parts of the Craton, such as the Abitibi greenstone belt or the apparently relatively unmineralized North Caribou core, Island Lake, and Goudalie domains. Despite the fact that only the Cr-(PGE) deposits and Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits (Eagle's Nest) in the
McFaulds Lake greenstone belt appear to be potentially economic, the presence of a significant amount of Cr-(PGE) mineralization across the BUOGE domains highlights the prospectivity of these regions of the Superior Province.
New field observations and U-Pb ages in the Sudbury area: toward a detailed cross-section through the deformed Sudbury Structure
Authors: Bleeker W , Kamo S L , Ames D E , Davis D
Published: June 2015

The Sudbury area straddles the transition from the Archean Superior structural province to the Paleoproterozoic Southern province. To the south it is flanked by younger Proterozoic belts and finally the ca. 1 Ga Grenville Front. It is unique in that it also hosts
the deformed remnants of one of the largest and oldest preserved impact structures in the geological record, the ~300 km diameter Sudbury Structure. This structure is characterized by a differentiated melt sheet, commonly referred to as the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), which at or near its
base hosts one of the largest concentrations of Ni-Cu-PGE sulphides on the planet. These metal-rich sulphides have formed the basis for an extensive mining industry since nickel was first discovered during railway construction in 1883. Despite more than a century of research, many geological
questions remain unresolved in this fascinating area.
Here we present new field observations and preliminary U-Pb zircon and baddeleyite ID-TIMS results on a suite of about 20 critical samples that help resolve some long-standing geological questions. Many rock units in the Sudbury area have experienced significant shock metamorphism, which has
increased the complexity of the Pb-loss patterns of their zircon crystals. Therefore, a key rationale for the present study was to apply "chemical abrasion" pre-treatment to single best-preserved zircon crystals, or fragments thereof, to reduce or eliminate young Pb loss and allow us to see through
the shock-induced Pb loss.
We show that the Joe Lake Gabbro below the North Range is an Archean metagabbro, consistent with observed field relationships. Foliated granite on the Southeast Range is also Archean, requiring that metavolcanic rocks it intruded are Archean as well and not part of the basal Huronian rift
succession. We present the first robust age on the Creighton Granite, showing it to be a folded subvolcanic sill and the magma chamber to the overlying Copper Cliff Rhyolite. Together, the Creighton Granite and Copper Cliff Rhyolite represent a single felsic magmatic system 24552460 Ma in age, which
developed in the immediate aftermath of the main pulse of Matachewan mafic magmatism at ca. 2460 Ma. Magma mingling structures near the base of the Creighton Granite sill demonstrate the intimate relationship with Matachewan mafic magmas.
We have dated a number of mafic dyke swarms in the area, both pre- and post-dating the SIC. Among these is the first recognition of a ca. 2507 Ma dyke swarm in the Sudbury area. Furthermore, we present several ages on the SIC and its offset dykes, including a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1849.7
±0.2 Ma for a high-MgO norite in the South Range, and a precise concordant baddeleyite age of 1848.5 ±0.8 Ma for the radial Pele dyke on the North Range. The latter likely represents the youngest and final dyke injection of the offset dyke system into the fractured footwall of the
SIC.
Trace elements in Fe-oxide minerals from fertile and barren igneous complexes: investigating their use as a vectoring tool for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization
Authors: Dare S A S , Ames D E , Lightfoot P
C , Barnes S-J , Beaudoin G
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to develop a new technique to determine the fertility of mafic intrusions for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization using the mineral chemistry of Fe oxides in the silicate host rocks. A suite of 25 trace elements was determined in magnetite
and ilmenite, by laser ablation ICP-MS at LabMaTer (UQAC), from a variety of barren and fertile igneous complexes. Two of Canadamp;gt;'s largest Ni deposits, the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex and its vast Ni-Cu-PGE mineral district (Ontario) and the 1.34 Ga Eastern Deeps Intrusion-hosting Ni-Cu-Co
sulphide mineralization at Voiseymp;gt;'s Bay (Newfoundland), were selected for study. Samples chosen from igneous complexes that are barren of significant Ni sulphide mineralization comprise layered mafic intrusions (Bushveld Complex, South Africa and Sept Iles, Quebec) and anorthosite suites
(Saguenay-Lac-St.-Jean, Quebec) that host Fe-Ti-V-P oxide deposits, some of which contain trace amounts of Ni-Cu-PGE sulphides. Mafic rocks of the 1.33 Ga Newark Island layered intrusion (Labrador) were also studied as they are similar in composition and setting to Voisey's Bay but devoid of
significant Ni sulphide mineralization.
In sulphide-undersaturated magmas, Cu, Sn, Mo, and Zn are incompatible during fractionation and thus increase in concentration in late-crystallizing magnetite and ilmenite. Upon sulphide saturation and the formation of a trace amount of sulphide, only Cu is depleted in the silicate magma relative to
the incompatible elements. Copper depletion, as recorded by Fe oxides, is a sensitive indicator of sulphide saturation and can be diagnostic of whether a Ni-bearing sulphide deposit will have formed if the Cu depletion occurred early during fractionation. In contrast, Ni and Co are compatible during
fractionation, partitioning into olivine, orthopyroxene, and, where present, sulphide, and their concentrations steadily decrease in the Fe oxides, together with Cr, as crystallization proceeds. Iron oxides from barren igneous complexes plot on a single Ni-Cr trend but Fe oxides from fertile
complexes (those hosting Ni sulphide deposits) plot on a parallel Ni-Cr trend displaced to lower Ni concentration. Nickel depletion is therefore recorded in Fe oxides and has the potential to identify intrusions with buried Ni-sulphide mineralization. The advantages of using Fe oxides as an
exploration tool include their resistance to post-magmatic processes, such as alteration, and their preservation and easy recovery from glacial till and heavy mineral separates.
Identifying and tracing crustal contamination in the Hart komatiite-associated Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit using multiple S and Fe isotopes: Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario
Authors: Hiebert R S , Bekker A , Houlé M G , Rouxel O J , Wing B A
Published: June 2015

Assimilation by mafic/ultramafic magmas of sulphur-bearing country rocks, typically of sedimentary origin, is commonly considered a critical factor for the genesis of magmatic sulphide deposits. Mass-independent fractionation of sulphur isotopes in the Archean
atmosphere produced isotopically distinct pools of S that are recorded in Archean sediments, and can be differentiated easily from mantle sulphur. Likewise, low-temperature processing of iron, potentially including biological and abiotic redox cycling, is also expected to produce Fe isotope values
in sediments distinct from the mantle.
The Hart deposit is composed of two mineralized zones; the main zone, a type-I komatiite-associated Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulphide deposit at the base of the basal flow, and the eastern extension, a zone of semi-massive sulphides 12 to 25 m above the base of the second flow within the komatiite sequence.
Isotopic characterization, using multiple S and Fe isotopes, of exhalite and graphitic argillite present in the footwall of the mineralization allows tracing the extent of contamination and the degree of mixing within, and adjacent to, the deposit with these potential S sources. This method
identifies the exhalite and graphitic argillite as the dominant contaminants for the main zone and the eastern extension mineralization of the Hart deposit, respectively. Additionally, the contamination signature is greatest within the deposit and decreases away from it in the komatiite flow and
could potentially be used as a vector towards mineralization. This pattern points also to a local source for crustal contamination of the mantle-derived komatiitic melt and a low degree of homogenization between the mineralization and the surrounding lava flow.
Trace element distribution in sulphide assemblages of the Levack-Morrison ore system, Sudbury, Ontario: looking for chemical fingerprints of mineralization processes
Authors: Adibpour M , Jugo P J , Ames D E
Published: June 2015

One challenge in the exploration for Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization in the footwall of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) is the uncertainty of its origin. The relative proximity of mineralization to the SIC is consistent with models of magmatic fractionation, but the
common association of ore in the SIC footwall with amphibole and epidote alteration is consistent with a hydrothermal origin. Although these processes are not mutually exclusive (e.g. ores of magmatic origin could have been later remobilized by hydrothermal fluids), better constraints on which
processes operated would greatly assist exploration. This project is a pilot study to assess whether chemical fingerprints can be established for four distinct mineralization types in the Levack-Morrison ore system: (a) contact; (b) a transition zone between contact and footwall ore; (c) sharpwalled
veins; and (d) disseminated, S-poor, PGE-rich ores.
Sulphide assemblages consisting primarily of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite were characterized in detail (petrography, SEM, EPMA, LA-ICP-MS). The results indicate that (a) Se content increases with depth; and (b) some trace elements (e.g. Cd vs. Se in chalcopyrite, Co vs. Se in
pentlandite and pyrrhotite) can discriminate among different ore types. Calculated partition coefficients (± 2?) for Se in chalcopyrite and pentlandite (1.2 ± 0.1 for contact and transition ores, 0.5 ± 0.2 for sharp-walled veins) are significantly different, which is consistent with
different mineralization processes for those ore types. In addition to trace element content calculation in major sulphides, element distribution maps were created from LA-ICP-MS spectra of sulphide assemblages. Some contact-style samples contained abundant euhedral pyrite but pyrite was also
present in samples of other ore types. The maps showed complex trace element zonation (e.g. Se, Co, and As) in pyrite in contact ore, as well as some PGE minerals (notably Ir and Os). In contrast, no PGEs were detected in any of the other sulphides or any compositional zoning. Because Ir has very
low solubility under most hydrothermal conditions, Co-rich, Ir-bearing pyrite was interpreted to have formed from the cooling of a sulphur-rich sulphide liquid. Such pyrite (when present) could be used as an indicator of a magmatic signature.
To further refine these results, future work would need to focus on three areas: (1) analyses of additional samples from the Morrison-Levack ore system to validate the discrimination diagrams for different ore types; (2) similar work would need to be undertaken elsewhere in the Sudbury mining
district, to establish if the proposed discrimination plots are applicable basin-wide; (3) better constraints would need to be established for the origin of the Co-rich, PGE-bearing pyrite to enable it to be used as a marker of ore type.
Epidote-amphibole and accessory phase mineral chemistry as a vector to low-sulphide platinum group element mineralization, Sudbury: laser ablation ICP-MS trace element study of hydrothermal alteration
Authors: Ames D E , Tuba G
Published: June 2015

In Sudbury, one of the world's largest Ni-Cu-Co mineral districts, geophysical methods have been successfully employed for detecting traditional contact and offset types of Ni-Cu-PGE ore for over a century. Recent discoveries of low- to no-sulphide, high-PGE
tenor orebodies, defined in 2005 in the footwall environment to the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), caused a shift in exploration focus to the detection of these precious metal-rich resources. These high-grade orebodies are hosted in randomly distributed impactderived breccia (Sudbury breccia)
entirely within Archean and Proterozoic country rocks and comprise two footwall styles: a) high-sulphide vein-style Cu-PGE ores (i.e. Strathcona, McCreedy East 153 chalcopyrite veins) with a widely recognized magmatic-hydrothermal origin and b) low-sulphide disseminations, blebs and stringers with
high PGE tenor and dominated by silicate assemblages of hydrothermal origin. This second, low- to no-sulphide, high-PGE footwall ore-style is a challenge to detect in the field with traditional geophysical methods used for magmatic deposits due to the absence of chalcopyrite or sulphide minerals,
resulting in a need for development of non-conventional exploration techniques.
Proper classification is important for guiding future exploration for the low-sulphide metal-rich deposits in the footwall to the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Key hydrothermal alteration assemblages with distinct trace element signatures may aid the development of discriminant mineral chemistry diagrams
to yield criteria that help find these high-grade PGE hydrothermal footwall ores. The aim of this study was to establish typical element-associations and behaviours for the paragenetically different hydrothermal assemblages produced during the diverse post-impact magmatic-hydrothermal history of the
footwall and hanging-wall units of the Sudbury structure to detect a unique signature for alteration related to the high-tenor PGE mineralization. Factors affecting the trace element distribution patterns in epidote, amphibole, titanite, and allanite are examined, including the element partitioning
between coeval minerals, the crystal structural control, and the effect of country rocks on the fluid-rock interaction, and detection of pathfinder elements. As and Zn in epidote and amphibole are host-rock dependant. The pathfinder elements Ni, Pb, Sn, and Co in epidote and amphibole are the most
reliable elements to distinctly fingerprint the PGE mineralizing alteration in the footwall. However, mineral-pair partitioning of elements between epidote-amphibole-titanite and allanite indicate that single mineral phases or elements should not be used.
Renal Denervation in Heart Failure: A New Therapeutic Paradigm
Authors: Dhakal Pramesh , Liu Kan , Kozman Hani , Villarreal Daniel
Published: June 2015

Heart failure constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and its incidence and prevalence continue to grow, increasing its burden on the health care system. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure is common and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This complex interaction is characterized by a pathophysiological disequilibrium between the heart and the kidney, in which cardiac malfunction promotes renal impairment, which in turn feeds back, resulting in further deterioration of cardiovascular function. Multiple neurohumoral and hemodynamic mechanisms are involved in this cardiorenal dyshomeostasis, including resistance to compensatory cardiac natriuretic peptides, leading to sodium retention, volume overload, and organ remodeling. Previous studies in animal models of heart failure have demonstrated that renal denervation promotes a robust natriuresis and diuresis as well as increased response of endogenous and exogenous natriuretic agents. With the recent development of minimally invasive renal denervation in humans, it is possible to suggest that this technique may become effective and important in the management of renal sodium and water metabolism in heart failure.
Using Caffeine as a Water Quality Indicator in the Ambient Monitoring Program for Third Fork Creek Watershed, Durham, North Carolina
Authors: Spence Porché L.
Published: June 2015

Caffeine has been suggested as a chemical indicator for domestic wastewater in freshwater systems, although it is not included in water quality monitoring programs. The Third Fork Creek watershed in Durham, NC, is highly urbanized, with a history of receiving untreated wastewater from leaking and overflowing sanitary sewers. The poor water quality originating in the Third Fork Creek watershed threatens its intended uses and jeopardizes drinking water, aquatic life, and recreational activities provided by Jordan Lake. Organic waste contaminants have been detected in both Third Fork Creek watershed and Jordan Lake; however, the sampling periods were temporary, resulting in a few samples collected during nonstorm periods. It is recommended that (1) the concentration of caffeine and other organic waste contaminants are determined during storm and nonstorm periods and (2) caffeine is monitored regularly with traditional water quality indicators to evaluate the health of Third Fork Creek watershed.
An intermediate state between the kagome-ice and the fully polarized state in Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
Authors: Grigera S. A. , Borzi R. , Slobinsky D. G. , Gibbs A. S. , Higashinaka R. , Maeno Y. , Grigera T. S.
Published: June 2015

Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is at present the cleanest example of a spin-ice material.  Previous theoretical and experimental work on the first-order transition between the kagome-ice and the fully polarized state has been taken as a validation for the dipolar spin-ice model. Here we investigate in further depth this phase transition using ac-susceptibility and dc-magnetization, and compare this results with Monte-Carlo simulations and previous magnetization and specific heat measurements. We find signatures of an intermediate state between the kagome-ice and full polarization.  This signatures are absent in current theoretical models used to describe spin-ice materials.Received: 17 May 2015,  Accepted: 12 June 2015; Edited by: A. Vindigni; Reviewed by: M. Perfetti, Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Firenze, Italy; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070009Cite as: S A Grigera, R A Borzi, D G Slobinsky, A S Gibbs, R Higashinaka, Y Maeno, T S Grigera, Papers in Physics 7, 070009 (2015)This paper, by S A Grigera, R A Borzi, D G Slobinsky, A S Gibbs, R Higashinaka, Y Maeno, T S Grigera, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.