bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Phenomenon of Moral Defects in Social Media and Its Influence on People
Authors: Benedict Amara Edmund
Published: September 2021

The unethical use of the social media in Sierra Leone is a concern amongst the citizens of the country and the international community. This publication looks at the unethical use of the social media and its effect on the people of Sierra Leone. The objective of the study is to investigate the possible causes and effects of unethical use of the social media on the people of Sierra Leone. Mode of data collection was through designed questionnaire and in some quarter, mobile phone interviews. Causes and effects were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Research work shows that the media is unethically used in the following ways in Sierra Leone: spread of hate messages, spread of false news, spread of immorality, gateway for robbery and gateway for examinations malpractices. These unethical uses are seen to be caused by: Political ill intentions, high rate of illiteracy in the country, Poor media monitoring and poor media policy enforcement. The effects of these unethical uses of the social media were seen to be alarming. The spread of false news and examinations malpractices in schools and colleges were very strong. This strength undermines the wellbeing of peaceful citizens and the educational goals of the country. Spread of hate messages, immorality and robbery had strong effects that go against our moral values in the country. Recommendations were submitted to help enhance sanity in media practice in the country.
Understanding the Economic Sustainability Model for Urban Rail Transit Operator: A TOD Perspective
Authors:   Shenzhen Metro, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Zhang Hong , Guo Yi ,   Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Published: September 2021

With the growth of urban rail transit construction and operation scales，it is necessary to strengthen and deepen the studies on urban rail transit enterprise economic sustainability model. From the theoretical and practical angles, this paper reviewed the exploration and practice process of urban rail transit enterprise economic sustainability model, including the connotation of “metro operation + property development” profit model, as well as further studies and prospect. It suggests TOD model can improve the economic sustainability capability of urban rail transit enterprise, and set up a self-virtuous development cycle in rail transit industry.
Development of a model for ensuring the security of a social network account based on a neural network algorithm
Authors: Черкасов Александр Николаевич , Сивенко Алена Валерьевна
Published: September 2021

Проведен анализ текущей статистики взлома учетных записей в социальных сетях. Построена архитектура нейронной сети, позволяющая классифицировать учетные записи пользователей на «безопасные» и «в зоне риска». Разработано программное обеспечение, позволяющее оценить надежность учетной записи пользователя в социальной сети «ВКонтакте».

An analysis is made of the current statistics of hacking accounts in social networks. The architecture of a neural network has been built, which makes it possible to classify user accounts into “safe” and “at risk”. Software has been developed to assess the reliability of a user's account on the “VKontakte” social network.
Los cambios en la series lunares: una regla del pulgar en Cobá
Authors: Iwaniszewski Stanislaw
Published: September 2021

Bajo el reinado de la Señora K’awiil Ajaw (640< 682), Cobá se convirtió en un centro activo e innovativo en los estudios calendáricos y lunares. El autor argumenta que los escribanos utilizaron el ciclo de 11960 días como una “regla del pulgar” para realizar rápidamente los cómputos lunares retrospectivos atribuidos a los textos de la fecha-era en Cobá. En consecuencia, se propone que los mayas se dieron cuenta que la fecha 9.11.0.10.0 que marca el conteo de días desde la fecha-era en 13.0.0.0.0, también conmensura los ciclos lunares de 11,960 días.
Dinámica de un quark utilizando la dualidad AdS5 /CFT4
Authors: Herrera Jhony A. , Velásquez Angel , Larios Bryan
Published: September 2021

En este artı́culo abordamos el estudio de la dinámica de un quark utilizando la correspondencia AdS5 /CFT4 , también conocida como dualidad de Maldacena. Esta correspondencia nos permite analizar un quark como si se tratara de una cuerda abierta en el espacio Anti-de Sitter de 5-dimensiones AdS5, cuyo movimiento estarı́a regido por el movimiento del quark en el espacio 4-dimensional de Minkowski. Queremos encontrar expresiones para la velocidad transversal y la región ultra-relativista de la cuerda generada por un quark que describe su movimiento en la frontera del espacio AdS5. Al final se trabajan dos casos especiales para el movimiento del quark y se explica la importancia de la región ultra-relativista.
Chapter 31: Geologic Evidence of Syngenetic Gold in the Witwatersrand Goldfields, South Africa
Authors: Frimmel Hartwig E. , Nwaila Glen T.
Published: September 2021

The Mesoarchean Witwatersrand Basin in the central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa, has been the largest gold-producing province in history. Although mining has reached a very mature state, this ore province remains the biggest regional gold anomaly in the world. Most recent research on the Witwatersrand gold deposits has focused on postdepositional processes, often on a microscale, thereby constraining conditions of gold transport in the host conglomerates. Here we review past and current observations on the geologic setting of the orebodies and first-order controls on gold mineralization, all of which strengthen the argument for a primarily syngenetic model. The Witwatersrand deposits are regarded as remnants of a gold megaevent at 2.9 Ga when environmental conditions are suggested to have been suitable for intense gold flux off the Archean land surface and early photosynthesizing microbes could act as trap sites for riverine and possibly shallow-marine gold. Sedimentary reworking of gold-rich microbial mats led to rich placer deposits which, in turn, became sources of younger placers higher up in the stratigraphy. The same gold concentration mechanism most likely operated on all Mesoarchean land masses, not only on the Kaapvaal craton. The uniqueness of the Witwatersrand gold province is explained by exceptional preservation of these easily erodible, largely continental sediments beneath a thick cover of flood basalt and a later impact melt sheet in the middle of a buoyant craton, with little tectonic overprint over the past two billion years.
Chapter 35: Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China
Authors: Qiu Kun-Feng , Goldfarb Richard J. , Deng Jun , Yu Hao-Cheng , Gou Zong-Yang , Ding Zheng-Jiang , Wang Zhao-Kun , Li Da-Peng
Published: September 2021

The Jiaodong gold province, within the eastern margin of the North China block and the translated northeastern edge of the South China block, has a stated premining gold resource exceeding 4,500 metric tons (t). It is thus one of the world’s largest gold provinces, with a present cumulative annual production estimated at 60 t Au. More than 90% of the Jiaodong gold resource is hosted by batholiths and related bodies of the Linglong (ca. 160–145 Ma) and, to a lesser degree, Guojialing (ca. 130–122 Ma) suites. The intrusions were emplaced into high-grade metamorphic basement rocks of the Precambrian Jiaobei (North China block) and Sulu (South China block) terranes during a 70-m.y.-period of lithospheric delamination, extensional core complex formation, and exhumation. The deposits are located about 20 to 200 km to the east of the continental-scale NNE-striking Tancheng-Lujiang (Tan-Lu) strike-slip fault system. They occur along a series of more regional NNE- to NE-striking brittle and ductile-brittle faults, which appear to intersect the Tan-Lu main structure to the southwest. This system of early to middle Mesozoic regional thrust faults, reactivated during Cretaceous normal motion and ore formation, tends to occur along the margins of the main Linglong batholiths or between intrusions of the two suites of granitoids. Orebodies are mainly present as quartz-pyrite veins (Linglong-type) and as stockwork veinlets and disseminated mineralization (Jiaojia-type). The two mineralization styles are transitional and may be present within the same gold deposit. The ca. 120 Ma timing of gold mineralization correlates with major changes in plate kinematics in the Pacific Basin and the onset of seismicity along the Tan-Lu fault system, with the enormous fluid volumes and associated metal being derived from sediment devolatilization above the westerly subducting Izanagi slab.
The #EndSARS Protest in Nigeria and Political Force of Image Production and Circulation on Social Media
Authors:   Museun of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Cambridge, Agbo George Emeka
Published: September 2021

For many years, the unit of the Nigerian Police Force, Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was accused of violent crimes and violation of human rights of citizens. One wondered if SARS had dual operational duties – to kill and dehumanise those it ought to protect. Between October and November 2020, multitude of Nigerian youths took to the street to demand for abolition of SARS, thus #EndSARS protest. Photography was at the heart of the social movement. Employing digital methods including compositional analysis and audience interpretation, this paper examines a selection of #EndSARS-related photographs and their accompanying comments retrieved from social media in relation to the impact on the street demonstration. I investigate the modes of creating the images and how they produce political effects. I argue that the use of images in the #EndSARS protest illuminates the rising conviction among Nigerians that photography can aid in the transformation of their precarious living conditions. These include the use of the camera in the conventional sense of framing the fleeting world. Others are digital editing of photographs, staged production and appropriation of images that may have no connection with the protest. Then, I analyse as political act the sense of obligation with which the images are produced and circulated. These lines of enquiry contribute to the emerging work on how photography and social media are converging to transform the political sphere.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF SOME NEW PICRIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Abhoynagar, Agartala-799 005, Tripura., De B. , Chetia H. , Choudhury C , Rudrapal M , Devanna N.
Published: September 2021

In the present study, a new series of picric acid derivatives including their Schiffs bases were synthesized and characterized by their physical (m.p., Rf value), analytical (CHN) and spectral (UV-Visible, IR,1 HNMR, MS) data. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by paper disc diffusion method against four different strains of Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)and Gram negative bacteria (Eschericia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and against two fungal strains(Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigates). All the compounds showed antibacterial activity at the tested dose but were considerably less as compared to the standard drug ciprofloxacin. The antifungal activity was also found to be very less when compared to the standard drug ketoconazole for all the synthesized compounds. However, among the synthesized compounds Schiffs bases of picric acid showed better activity than that of parent compounds.
Unified Product Description and Coding System: a New Look at the Prospects for International Trade
Authors: Andreeva Elena I. , Andriyanov Dmitry E.
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the approach to the formation of an international catalog and databases that specify the assortment and quality characteristics of goods. A method that allows consumers to quickly search for products and services is described. A unified system of description and coding of goods and services is proposed, and the procedure for its formation and application in practice is described. The principle of forming the proposed system when creating a catalog for engineering systems is considered on the example of a product widely distributed on the international market and used in all construction structures - polypropylene pipes and fittings for internal water supply, heating and cooling systems.
Identification and Classification of Innovative Goods for Customs Purposes
Authors: Shpachuk Mikhail M. , Andreeva Elena I.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the problems of classification of innovative and modernized goods in accordance with the unified Goods nomenclature foreign economic activity of the Eurasian Economic Union. Using the example of two-wheeled vehicles equipped with an electric motor and powered by a battery that are modernized and in demand on the foreign trade market, the main classification errors and their causes are shown, both for foreign trade participants when declaring and for customs authorities when checking the correctness of the classification. It is revealed that the name of the product "scooter", declared by the declarant in the declaration for the goods, is not decisive for its classification in the heading provided for toys, since the technical characteristics and properties are characteristic of vehicles of commodity item 8711. It is established that ignoring the identification process is one of the main errors in the classification of "new generation" goods. Consumer properties and characteristics of this type of goods are decisive when classifying them according to the Basic Rules of Interpretation.
Features of the Implementation of Administrative and Legal Norms at the Stage of Release of Goods of Cross-border E-commerce by the customs authority
Authors: Shevchenko Zhanna D.
Published: September 2021

The article examines such forms of implementation of administrative and legal norms at the stage of the release of goods of cross-border e-commerce by the customs authority, such as compliance, execution, use and application, identifies their characteristic features. The author’s definition of goods of cross-border e-commerce is proposed, the need to separate these goods into a separate category for the purposes of customs regulation is noted. The problematic aspects of the implementation of administrative and legal norms in the forms of use and application are determined. Specific proposals have been developed aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation on customs regulation in terms of the movement of goods of cross-border e-commerce across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Association and Correlation of Different Chemotherapy Regimens and Doses with Incidence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia among Solid Cancer Patients
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Zuraidah , Wayyes Abdulrasool Mahmood , Mohammed Hareeja Marwah , Abbas Saif Salah
Published: September 2021

Background: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in platelet numbers and is a major detrimental side effect of chemotherapy or of cancer itself. Thrombocytopenia can lead to hemorrhage in vital organs, which is particularly a problematic specifically in solid cancer patients, and has a substantial negative effect on cancer patients’ quality of life (QOL). Thrombocytopenia ranges from mild bleeding from small blood vessels to severe bleeding from large blood vessels. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the effect of chemotherapy regimens and doses on thrombocytopenia incidence and severity among solid cancer patients with thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Penang Hospital, a government hospital on Penang island, and included 341 cancer patients with thrombocytopenia who were admitted between 2003 and 2009. The main statistical tests used were the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of the 341 patients included, 21 (6.2%) had thrombocytopenia before chemotherapy and the remaining 320 (93.8%) developed it after chemotherapy. The majority of patients had moderate thrombocytopenia (n=172; 53.8%), followed by mild (n=97; 30.3%), and severe thrombocytopenia (n=51; 15.9%). FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel and Cisplatin regimen had strong associations and correlation with thrombocytopenia incidence and severity, but the associations and correlations for thrombocytopenia severity were stronger than those for incidence. The dosage of 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and cisplatin plays a critical role in thrombocytopenia incidence and severity. Conclusion: Monitoring and determination of hemoglobin levels for cancer patients treated with FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel, and Cisplatin specifically with high doses must be emphasized and a focus of particular attention.
Glycation End-Products and their Receptors: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targeting in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alzadi Hussein Saad , Mahmood Naza Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) compromises cell metabolism and function in many organs, resulting in increased risks of complications in many organs such as kidney, nervous system, eye, and fragility fractures. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are chemical moieties produced during long-term hyperglycemia; they interact with the specific receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) and make a meaningful contribution to cellular metabolism and/or alteration of their functions. Searches in PubMed using the keywords "advanced glycation end product "RAGE", "sRAGE", "DM", and "complications” were made to reveal some of the clinical outcomes of DM in cellular metabolism and organ function through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. All published experimental and clinical studies were included in tables. The AGE-RAGE signaling is involved in diabetic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and osteopathy. Some clinical results in diabetic patients could be potentially attributed to AGE-RAGE signaling consequences. However, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway has some helpful roles in many tissues, including an increase in osteogenic function. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), as a ligand decoy, may increase in either condition of RAGE production or destruction, and then it cannot always reflect the AGE-RAGE signaling. Although various medicines are capable to target the AGE-RAGE axis. They can also limit the associated damaging consequences. Recombinant sRAGE can block the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway; however, it is associated with some limitations such as accessibility to AGEs, increase in other RAGE ligands, and a long half-life (24 hours). It is associated with losing the beneficial effect of AGE/RAGE. As a result, sRAGE is not a helpful marker to assess the activity of the RAGE signaling pathway. The recombinant sRAGE cannot be translated into clinical practice due to its limitations.
Identification of new species of Kalloconus and Africonus (Gastropoda, Conidae) from the Cabo Verde Islands through mitochondrial genome comparison
Authors: Tenorio Manuel , Abalde Samuel , Zardoya Rafael
Published: September 2021

The new species Kalloconus marimaris sp. nov. and Africonus angeluquei sp. nov. are described from the material obtained during the MNCN sampling campaigns at the Cabo Verde Islands. The new species have been characterized by examination of their shell and radular teeth morphology and by the comparison of mitochondrial genomes obtained through next-generation DNA sequencing techniques. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that K. marimaris sp. nov., known from Sal Island, is a sister species to Kalloconus ateralbus, whereas A. angeluquei sp. nov. from Maio Island is a sister species to Africonus josephinae and Africonus borgesi from Boa Vista Island. The estimated genetic distances were consistent with the full species rank for the new taxa described herein.
New Gastropods from Namibia, South Australia, and Cuba
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Three new gastropods are described as potential biogeographical index taxa. These new mollusks include the naticid Euspira massieri new species (from Namibia), the muricid Pterochelus webbi new species (from the Great Australian Bight, South Australia), and the conid Jaspidiconus prugnaudorum new species (from the Jardines de la Reina Archipelago, Cuba). These new index species will be used for defining biogeographical units within their respective oceans and will be incorporated into an upcoming book on worldwide marine molluscan biogeography.
The description of two new species: Marginella (Nataliamarginella) sagena and Marginella everriculum from the Tugela Bank, South Africa
Authors: Veldsman Stephan
Published: September 2021

Two new species from the Tugela Sub-Province (Tugela Bank) are described: Marginella sagena new species and M. everriculum new species. The two new species are compared to Marginella monicae, M. tuguriana, M. joostei, M. natalcinerea, M. westhuizeni and M. gabrielae.
A New Lautoconus Species Radiation from Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Six sympatric species of the cone shell genus Lautoconus Monterosato, 1923 have been discovered on an isolated rock reef near the Gambia River Mouth, Gambia, West Africa. Of these, four were found to be new to science and, together, they represent a previously unknown Gambian endemic species radiation. These include: Lautoconus fernandi new species, L. gambiensis new species, L. rikae new species, and L. wolof new species. The poorly-known Gambian endemic cone, Lautoconus orri (Ninomiya and da Motta, 1982) was also found to be a component of the rock reef fauna, as was the wide-ranging L. guinaicus (Hwass, 1792) (Senegal to Ghana). The Gambian cluster of sibling species represents the farthest-south separate radiation of Lautoconus known from the West African coast.
Notes on two Alaskan Volutopsiinae (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) with corrected type localities
Authors: Clark Roger
Published: September 2021

Pyrulofusus harpa (Mörch, 1857) and Volutopsius castaneus (Mörch, 1857) were described from Sitka, Alaska, however no specimens of either species have been found at Sitka, nor indeed anywhere in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. It seems more likely that the types of both species came from Kodiak, where both species are frequently found. The type localities for both species are herein corrected.
Altivasum Hedley, 1914 (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) from South Western Australia
Authors: Dekkers Aart , Maxwell Stephen
Published: September 2021

This paper seeks to correct the erroneous taxonomy associated with the current understanding of the Altivasum flindersi (Verco, 1914) complex based on type revision, morphological differences and geographic separation. Structurally, there are three distinct species that can be differentiated, Altivasum flindersi (Verco, 1914), A. typicum Hedley, 1916 and A. profundum sp. nov. Geographically, these species are not all sympatric, with A. typicum restricted to shallower waters, at depths around 20-180 m off the south Western Australian coast, whereas A. profundum is located at the edge of the South Western Australian continental shelf, and A. flindersi is found off the coast of the Great Australian Bight at similar depths to A. typicum. There is an overlap in distribution between A. typicum Hedley, 1916 and A. flindersi (Verco, 1914) on the western side of the Great Australian Bight where they are often associated with similar habitats.
Leptopoma melanostoma janetabbasae, a new subspecies (Gastropda: Cyclophoridae) from Indonesia, and Correction of Errata in “New Shells of South Asia”
Authors: Thach Nguyen
Published: September 2021

A new subspecies of genus Leptopoma Pfeiffer, 1847 is described from Selawati Island, West New Guinea, Indonesia and compared to six other species and forms of this genus: Leptopoma melanostoma (Petit, 1841), Leptopoma niasense Fulton, 1907, Leptopoma perlucidum f. subalatum Quadras & Möllendorff, 1893, Leptopoma helicoides (Grateloup 1840), Leptopoma vitreum (Lesson, 1830) and Leptopoma stainforthi (Sowerby, 1842). It is characterized by a translucent shell, dark brown umbilicus, black outer lip and columella, narrow but raised peripheral rib, and wide dark brown umbilicus.
Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo - Dispersal of molluscs through nipa rafts
Authors: Raven J
Published: September 2021

Nipa rafts regularly form along the NW coast of Borneo, transporting live estuarine molluscs and other invertebrates. Depending on wind direction, currents and tides, they are beached, enter estuaries or float offshore. This paper discusses the potential of such rafts to transport live molluscs to other parts of the same estuary or to other estuaries, thus expanding their range. As nipa palms are known since the Late Cretaceous, transport via nipa rafts may have occurred throughout the Cenozoic.
A New Scaphelline Volute from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

A new subspecies of Scaphella junonia has been discovered off the Alacranes Reefs, along the northernmost edge of Campeche Bank, Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The new subspecies, here named Scaphella junonia curryi, differs from the other four known S. junonia subspecies in having the narrowest and most elongated shell, having the strongest and most extensive ribbed sculpture on the spire whorls, and in having a different color pattern composed of very large, almost fused rectangular spots. The new subspecies is confined to the edge of the Campeche Escarpment off the northern Campeche Bank islands and reefs.
A new name for Altivasum typicum Hedley, 1916 fide Dekkers and Maxwell, 2018 and the description of Altivasum clarksoni n. sp.
Authors: Maxwell Stephen , Dekkers Aart
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the taxonomy irregularity concerning Altivasum typicum Hedley, 1916 fide Dekkers and Maxwell, 2018 that has historically been synonymized under Altivasum flindersi Verco, 1914. We introduce the erection of Altivasum hedleyi n. sp. correcting this taxonomical conundrum that originated from the Hedley (1916) paper. Furthermore, this paper presents a new morph of Altivasum restricted to Esperance in Western Australia. Altivasum clarksoni n. sp. morphologically differs from Altivasum flindersi Verco, 1914 having solid pyramidal knobs on an acute shoulder and a form that is much more equi-biconic. Altivasum hedleyi nov. sp. is also sympatric in part with Altivasum clarksoni n. sp. but is much smaller and the early teleoconch differs in structural form. This paper brings the number of described Altivasum and their forms to four.
A review of the Voluta polypleura - demarcoi complex
Authors: Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

The Voluta polypleura - demarcoi species complex of the Caribbean Province volutid fauna are reviewed, illustrated, and a number of taxa are revised.
The Fossil Cypraeidae of the Golden Gate Member, Tamiami Formation of Southern Florida: (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

The first tropical hard corals, migrating from the Caribbean, established themselves along the rim of the Everglades Pseudoatoll in the mid to late Piacenzian Pliocene, 3.1-2.6 million years ago (hereinafter “mya”). The rim or perimeter delineated the pseudoatoll, a “U shaped” feature, open in the north, which ran east southeast from the Palm Beach Reef Tract through the Miami Beach Tract, curving to the southwest before linking with the Immokalee Reef Tract on the west coast of present day southern Florida. The pseudoatoll encompassed a very large depressional lagoon. The coral and coralline facies have been designated the Golden Gate Member (Golden Gate) of the Tamiami Formation. The Lower, Middle, Upper and Uppermost beds are equivalent in time with the Pinecrest and the Fruitville Members of the Tamiami Formation, with the middle and upper layers thickest as the warming of southern Florida progressed to its maximum during Fruitville time. Nine Cypraeidae species in three genera have been recorded from the Golden Gate: one in the Lower beds, three in the Middle beds, three in the Upper beds and two in the Uppermost beds. The pseudoatoll corals, coral reefs and associated molluscan fauna became extinct as the result of a catastrophic extinction event caused by rapid and severe cooling during the Piacenzian Pliocene and Gelasian Pleistocene crossover period, circa 2.6 mya. This event also marks the end of the Tamiami Formation.
Avulsão do tendão reto femoral em atleta amador: relato de caso diagnosticado pela ressonância magnética
Authors: Almeida Thaís Amanda Frank de , Braun Marco Antonio Alves , Duarte Márcio Luís , Santos Lucas Ribeiro dos , Silva Marcelo de Queiroz Pereira da
Published: September 2021

Introdução: o músculo reto femoral é o músculo mais frequentemente lesado do grupo quadríceps durante chutes e corridas repetitivas, apesar de suas avulsões serem raras. A dor localizada na coxa proximal e a incapacidade de flexionar o quadril e/ou estender o joelho associado à história do paciente de contração violenta ou alongamento forçado do grupo muscular do quadríceps femoral podem indicar uma avulsão do reto femoral. Objetivo: relatar um caso e revisar a literatura acerca desta lesão incomum. Materiais e Métodos: revisão do prontuário, registro fotográfico do método diagnóstico e revisão da literatura. Resultados: homem de 46 anos com dor localizada no quadril esquerdo com irradiação para a coxa por três meses após cair no chão com a região dolorida em um jogo de futebol. A dor começou subitamente uma semana após a queda. A ressonância magnética do quadril apresentava avulsão completa do reto femoral esquerdo, distando 2 cm da espinha ilíaca anterior inferior com efusão líquida adjacente. Conclusão: este relato demonstra a dificuldade de diagnosticar essa lesão, pois o seu exame físico é inespecífico, podendo simular patologias mais complexas, necessitando de exames complementares para seu correto diagnóstico.
Osteopoikilosis: a case report
Authors: Abreu Bruno Fernandes Barros Brehme de , Guimarães Higa Alex , Tamashiro Sergio , Duarte Marcio Luis , Lopes Daniel Tomaz
Published: September 2021

Osteopoiquilose (osteopatia condensante disseminada ou doença do osso manchado) é uma displasia osteosclerótica rara que apresenta transmissão autossômica dominante e tem características radiológicas características, não há características clínicas específicas; o diagnóstico é feito por achados radiológicos típicos incidentais em pacientes que procuram tratamento para outras patologias. A osteopoiquilose pode ser confundida com metástases osteoblásticas, esclerose tuberosa e mastocitose óssea. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 37 anos, com queixa de dor e edema, submetida a ressonância magnética e radiografias para avaliação, evidenciando diversos focos escleróticos dispersos além de tenossinovite extensora e lesão óssea compatível com encondromas no 2º metacarpo
“How the Furby Coming is…”: Interference of First Language and Culture in Thai EFL Learners’ Paragraph Writing
Authors: Worathumrong Sakulrat
Published: September 2021

This study investigated features of first language and cultural interference in Thai EFL learners’ English paragraph writing on popular culture. Drawing from theoretical grounds of interlanguage, language interference, and rhetorical interference, the sample of 30 English paragraphs of Thai EFL undergraduate learners was examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The English writing included 15 paragraphs from the Thai learners with high exposure to English language (TEH) group, and 15 paragraphs from those with the low exposure to English language (TEL) group. Using analysis models of metadiscourse markers and topical progressions, the findings revealed the preference of both groups in the use of interactive and interactional devices as well as SP, PP, and EPP types of topical progressions. The preference highlights the feature of oral-based, inductive, or reader-responsible writing orientation with a possibility of writing development, especially among the TEHs to reach expectation of the target language readers. The findings encourage assessing the Thai EFL learners’ writing as a process and raising frequent awareness of both language and rhetorical interferences when writing English texts. As the introductory stage during COVID-19 remote learning, writing to express learners’ interests could be used as an effective communication strategy for a positive instructor-learner relationship which assists the learners to further engage in the class in a more meaningful way. 
Aktywne starzenie się jako wyzwanie dla rynku pracy w Polsce i w pozostałych krajach Europy
Authors: Flaszyńska Ewa , Męcina Jacek
Published: September 2021

Starzenie się społeczeństwa jest wyzwaniem dla europejskiego rynku pracy i systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego. Proces ten jest obserwowany w Polsce od ponad 25 lat − wydłuża się przeciętne trwanie życia, a dzietność spada tak, że nie zapewnia zastępowalności pokoleń. W ciągu najbliższego ćwierćwiecza liczba Polaków zmniejszy się o blisko 2,8 mln obywateli 1, a co drugi mieszkaniec kraju będzie miał powyżej 50 roku życia. Cele artykułu to przedstawienie sytuacji starszych pracowników na rynku pracy oraz analiza możliwości utrzymania ich potencjału i przywracania na rynek pracy, gdy stają się bezrobotni. W artykule przyjęto tezę, że starzenie się społeczeństwa wpływa na zmiany w strukturze pracujących według wieku i spadek liczby ludności w wieku produkcyjnym, czego konsekwencją jest zmniejszanie się siły roboczej. Dlatego kluczową rolę w najbliższych latach będzie odgrywać aktywizacja osób dotąd wykorzystywanych w niedostatecznym stopniu, m.in. osób starszych. Pracodawcy muszą nauczyć się spożytkować umiejętności i doświadczenie starszych ludzi w sposób dostosowany do ich wieku i stanu zdrowia.
Acute and sublethal intoxication of malathion in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita: haematological and biochemical responses.
Authors: Sivanandan Juginu Mankuzhiyil , Binukumari
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (96-h LC50), acute and sublethal effects of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide on hematological and biochemical responses in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. In this study, the LC50 value of malathion for 96 h was found to be 3.4 ppm. During acute (3.4 ppm) and sublethal [1/10th of 96 h LC50 value (0.34 ppm) studies, all the hematological parameters except WBC were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Besides, when compared with the control group, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in biochemical activity was also observed in malathion treated fish during acute and sublethal exposure periods. These results suggest that the tested concentrations of malathion could have significant adverse effects on the hematological and biochemical parameters of fish, Labeo rohita. The changes in the parameters can be effectively used to determine the impact of malathion in the aquatic ecosystem.
Gastrointestinal tract and skin permeability of chemicals in consumer products using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)
Authors: Park Juyoung , Lee Handule , Park Kwangsik
Published: September 2021

Some chemicals commonly used in personal care products, household items, food vessels, cosmetics, and other consumer products are potentially harmful, and several reviews of epidemiological studies have suggested the associations between the chemical exposure from consumer products, and respiratory diseases, skin sensitization, and reproductive problems. Therefore, risk assessment is essential for management of consumer products safety. Necessarily, the estimation of human exposure is an essential step in risk assessment, and the absorption rate of those chemicals via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin are very critical in determining the internal dose of the exposed chemicals. In this study, parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) for the gastrointestinal tract and skin were performed to evaluate the permeability of parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben), bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S), isothiazolinones (methyl-, chloromethyl-, benz-, octyl-, and dichlorooctyl isothiazolinone), and phthalates [diethyl-, dibutyl-, Di-isononyl-, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]. Lipid solubility of test chemicals indicated by log P values was shown as the most critical factor and showed a positive association with the permeability of parabens, bisphenols, and isothiazolinones in PAMPA assay. However, phthalate showed a reverse-association between lipophilicity and permeability. The permeability of all the tested chemicals was higher in the gastrointestinal tract membrane than in the skin membrane. The pH in donor solution did not show significant effects on the permeability in all the chemicals, except the chemicals with a free hydrophilic moiety in their chemical structures.
Assessing the Occurrence of Blocking Operations in Database Schema Evolution: A Case Study
Authors: Lawrence Willie , Adachi Eiji
Published: September 2021

During the evolution of a database schema, some schema-changing operations (e.g., the “ALTER TABLE” command) require the underlying database management system to lock tables until the opera-tion is finished. We call these schema-changing operations blocking operations. During the execution of blocking operations, a soft-ware application may behave abnormally, varying from a slow page loading to an error caused by a web request taking too long to return. Despite their potential negative impact on important qual-ity attributes, blocking operations have not yet been empirically investigated in the context of software evolution. To fill this gap, we conducted a large industrial case study in the context of a Brazilian software company. We analyzed 1,499 atomic schema-changing operations from a period of 6 years to explore which blocking operations the developers frequently performed during the evolution of the database schema of a target system. The intention behind this case study is better understanding the problem in its original context to outline strategies to correct or mitigate it in the future. Our results show that blocking operations were very common, though not all of them seemed to cause observable downtime periods. We also present some mitigating strategies already in use by the devel-opment team of the target system to cope with blocking operation during software evolution, avoiding their negative impact.
Revealing Developers’ Arguments on Validating the Incidence of Code Smells: A Focus Group Experience
Authors: Junionello Luis Felipi , de Mello Rafael , Oliveira Roberto , Sousa Leonardo , López Alexander , Garcia Alessandro
Published: September 2021

Identifying code smells is considered a subjective task. Unfortunately, current automated detection tools cannot deal with such subjectivity, requiring human validation. Developers tend to follow different, albeit complementary, strategies when validating the identified smells. Intending to find out developers' arguments when validating the incidence of code smells, we conducted a focus group session with developers familiar with identifying code smells. We distributed them among two groups, in which they had to argue about the incidence of a code smell: either accepting or rejecting its presence. Based on their arguments, we compiled a set of general heuristics that developers follow when validating smells. We then used these heuristics for composing validation items. We understand that the set of validation items proposed may support developers in reflecting on the incidence of code smells. However, further studies are needed for reaching a more comprehensive and optimized set. The experience of this study reveals that conducting focus group sessions is helpful to emerge the tacit knowledge of developers when validating code smells.
Say my name! An empirical study on the pronounceability of identifier names
Authors: Gresta Remo , Cirilo Elder
Published: September 2021

Identifiers represent approximately 2/3 of the elements in source code, and their names directly impact code comprehension. Indeed, intention-revealing names make code easier to understand, especially in code review sessions, where developers examine each other's code for mistakes. However, we argue that names should be understandable and pronounceable to enable developers to review and discuss code effectively. Therefore, we carried out an empirical study based on 40 open-source projects to explore the naming practices of developers concerning word complexity and pronounceability. We applied the Word Complexity Measure (WCM) to discover complex names; and analyzed the phonetic similarity among names and hard-to-pronounce English words. As a result, we observed that most of the analyzed names are somewhat composed of hard-to-pronounce words. The overall word complexity score of the projects also tends to be significant. Finally, the results show that the code location impacts the word complexity: names in small scopes tend to be simpler than names declared in large scopes.
How to Implement Context-Sensitive Evaluation Approaches in Countries with still Emerging Evaluation Cultures
Authors: Buehrer Susanne , Kalpazidou Schmidt Evanthia , Rigler Dorottya , Palmen Rachel
Published: September 2021

Evaluation cultures and evaluation capacity building vary greatly across the European Union. Western European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, have been termed as leading countries in the evaluation as they have built up well-established evaluation cultures and carry out systematic evaluations of programmes and institutions. In contrast, in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, efforts continue to establish evaluation practices and further develop the current evaluation culture. In Hungary, for example, an established research and innovation evaluation practice does not exist, not one specifically considering gender equality in research and innovation evaluations with the exception of research and innovation programmes financed by the EU Structural Funds. Based on the results of a Horizon 2020 project, we apply a context-sensitive evaluation concept in Hungary that enables program owners and evaluators to develop a tailor-made design and impact model for their planned or ongoing gender equality interventions. The development of this evaluation was based on a thorough analysis of the literature and 19 case studies, building on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The article shows that this evaluation approach is applicable also in countries with a certain catch-up demand of the existing overall evaluation culture. The special feature of the presented evaluation approach is, on the one hand, that the evaluation is context-sensitive. On the other hand, this approach makes it possible not only to depict effects on gender equality itself, but also to anticipate effects on research and innovation. Such effects can, for example, be a stronger orientation of research towards societal needs, which makes it particularly interesting for private companies.
Poverty and Pellagra’s Penumbras
Authors: C. Williams Adrian , J. Hill Lisa
Published: September 2021

Pellagra has largely been forgotten. This is unfortunate as important lessons are to be learnt about the diseases and social and economic consequences of poverty – and for the root cause of poverty (and of affluence) – that involve dietary nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis. NAD disruption can occur not only from poor diet but from increased consumption from genotoxic, infectious and metabolic stresses. NAD deficiency is closely linked to poor physical and intellectual development, premature ageing and diseases of ageing. Acute infections, many with NAD-consuming toxins, that may differentially affect the NAD-depleted, now include COVID-19. Some Covid manifestations, such as myoclonic encephalopathy and “Long Covid,” resemble pellagra clinically and biochemically as both have disturbed nicotinic and tryptophan metabolism. Symbionts that supply nicotinic acid, such as TB and some gut micro-organisms, can become dysbiotic if the diet is very deficient in milk and meat, as it is for 1–2 billion or more. High doses of nicotinamide lead to inhibition of NAD-consuming enzymes and excessive induction of nicotinamide-n-methyl transferase (NNMT) with consequent effects on the methylome: this gives a mechanism for an unrecognised hypervitaminosis-B3 with adverse effects of nicotinamide overload for consumers on a high meat diet with “fortified” foods and “high energy” drinks. Methods of measuring NAD metabolism routinely for screening the populations at risk of deficiency and in metabolically ill or infectious disease patients should be developed urgently. Successful intervention should improve human capital and prevent many aspects of poverty, reduce discrimination and even the drive to emigrate.
Skin Aging: Implications of UV Radiation, Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Ganguly Bristy , Hota Manisha , Pradhan Jyotsnarani
Published: September 2021

Skin aging is an inescapable phenomenon that leads to a functional decline of the skin along with emergence of characteristics features such as coarse skin, wrinkles, loss of elasticity and an overall aged appearance. While chronological aging is inevitable occurring with time, photoaging is contributed by Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species principally which can boost the skin aging process. These processes can however be ameliorated with the help of treatment strategies, one of them being supplementation with antioxidants. This chapter summarizes diverse mechanisms underlying skin aging with regards to Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species along with role of antioxidants in impeding these processes. Further, it provides a glimpse towards possible future explorations and challenges dominating the field of skin aging.
Sedentary Behaviour: Definition, Determinants, Impacts on Health, and Current Recommendations
Authors: Marconcin Priscila , Zymbal Vera , R. Gouveia Élvio , Jones Bruce , Marques Adilson
Published: September 2021

This chapter aims to present an overview of the scientific background and current recommendations for sedentary behaviour. We have presented the current sedentary behaviour definition and defined other terms related to sedentary behaviour. The determinants of sedentary behaviour were discussed, and the ecological model was presented. Based on the recent data from the literature, the relationship between sedentary behaviour and health indicators was presented and discussed. Finally, we discussed the recommendation regarding sedentary behaviour, and presented the daily guidelines involving physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep routine.