bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Tc superconducting transformer-rectifiers: principle, realization, and applications
Authors: Geng Jianzhao , Lin Yi , Bumby Chris W , Badcock Rodney Alan
Published: February 2025

High-Tc superconducting (HTS) flux pumps are capable of wirelessly powering HTS magnets, and are becoming promising alternatives of driven mode excitation which requires thermally inefficient current leads. HTS transformer-rectifiers, also considered as a type of HTS flux pumps, have drawn broad attention in recent years, since they enabled a number of novel HTS magnet applications. Compared to other types of HTS flux pumps, these devices are clear in physics and circuit topologies, easily controllable, and superior in some key performances. In this work, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the thriving field of HTS transformer-rectifiers, especially those unconventional ones which do not involve superconducting-to-normal state transition. The work starts with explaining the working principle, including the underlying physics of induction-rectification effect, circuit topologies, and switching methods; followed by introducing design methods and construction considerations for engineering devices; and ends with summarizing research and development status, as well as potential applications of HTS transformer-rectifiers.
Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Raza Aquib , Tak Shing Ching Congo , Liu Peng-Ta , Phan Thien-Luan , Tran Ngoc-Luan , Nguyen Ha Anh T. , Rameez Mohammad , Li Hung-Chung , Nguyen Phuong Linh Dao , Van Hieu Nguyen , Nghia Tran Trung
Published: February 2025

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into ‘healthy’ and ‘osteoarthritic’ categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model’s robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model’s decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions.
Nonlinear bending of an agglomerated CNT-reinforced composite sandwich beam and frame structure
Authors: Kien Nguyen Dinh , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Vinh Tran Quang , Hoai Bui Thi Thu
Published: February 2025

The nonlinear bending of the sandwich beam and frame structure made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composite is investigated considering the agglomeration of CNTs. The structure is composed of a polymer core and face sheets of composite. A corotational element is derived and employed to construct the nonlinear governing equation. An Iterative method is adopted with arc-length technique to compute the structure’s response. The results indicate that of the agglomeration of CNTs is important for the nonlinear response of the structure, and the response is more prominent when the degree of agglomeration is more severe. The impacts of the CNT reinforcement on the nonlinear behavior are investigated in detail. The effects of the ratio of core thickness to face thickness on the nonlinear response of the structure is also explored and highlighted.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Wave Energy Exploitation by Various Devices in Vietnamese Coastal Waters
Authors: Ngo Binh Khanh , Dang Thuc Tri , Cashman Andrew
Published: February 2025

Wave energy represents a substantial and highly promising resource for our country, with the potential for significant exploitation. While numerous previous studies have concentrated on analyzing the energy potential along our coastal regions, there remains a critical gap in the research regarding the operational efficiency of wave energy conversion devices in these areas. Addressing this gap, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the wave energy exploitation potential in our coastal waters through the use of two distinct types of devices: AquaBuoy and Oscillating Water Column (OWC). To achieve this, the study will employ both analytical and simulation methodologies to calculate and compare the operational efficiencies of these devices under various conditions. Additionally, by utilizing the most recent data from the Vietnam Hydrometeorological Administration (2022) alongside international reports detailing the costs associated with the construction and installation of these devices, this paper will develop a comprehensive set of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) parameters. These parameters will serve as critical metrics for evaluating the economic viability and effectiveness of wave energy exploitation in our coastal regions. The insights gained from this study are expected to contribute significantly to the strategic planning and implementation of wave energy projects in our country, thereby promoting sustainable energy development.
Design of roller feeding assembly for 3D printer using powder materials
Authors: Bui Trong Hieu , Du My Le , Nguyen Anh Khai , Huynh Huu Nghi
Published: February 2025

Additive Manufacturing uses Powder bed Fushion - PBF powder material that is being used more and more widely in important industries such as manufacturing, aviation, space, et cetera. This technology can be used to create Rapid prototyping and product manufacturing, which help businesses quickly convert initiatives and ideas into actual products and effectively increase their competitiveness in today’s fierce battle. In Vietnam, 3D printing technology using powdered materials such as gypsum powder and metal is increasingly being researched and applied. The feeding cluster is an important part of equipment lines using this technology. The goal of the article is to design a roller feeding assembly for powder materials suitable for laboratory-scale equipment. As a result, the authors have designed a feeding cluster for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material according to the one-tank method, studying the roller parameters affecting the powder material. From there, the designer can adjust the appropriate compression level for each different type of powder material to create better quality products.
Analysis of head injuries of motorcyclist colliding with cars in traffic conditions in Vietnam
Authors: Du Ho Trong , Anh Ly Hung , Trang Nguyen Van , Quang Tran Duy
Published: February 2025

In Vietnam, motorbikes are a commonly used means of road transport because of their high mobility and low price. Therefore, traffic accidents involving motorbikes are increasing. When an accident occurs, the motorcyclist is the most vulnerable to injury and death. The majority of deaths of motorcyclists are related to head injuries. This study aims to analyze motorcyclists’ head injuries by simulating a car motorbike accident. The THUMS AM50 (Total Human Model for Safety-50th percentile adult male) human model is scaled to fit the average stature of men in Vietnam and is named V-THUMS (Vietnamese -Total Human Model for Safety). The finite element models of cars and motorbikes have been verified for correctness. Furthermore, a completely newly constructed half-helmet finite element model fits the head circumference of V-THUMS. Then, the V-THUMS model was set up to ride a motorbike and collide head-on with a Sedan car under different conditions (car velocity, motorbike velocity, impact angle, wearing a helmet, not wearing a helmet). To ensure accurate simulation, the grip force of the V-THUMS hand on the motorcycle handlebar was set. In this study, LS-PREPOST software was used to set up the simulation and LS-DYNA software to run simulations, output results. Parameters such as head injury criterion (HIC), cerebral Von Mises stress, cerebral MPS (maximum principal strain) and intracranial pressure are used to analyze head injuries. The results show that half-helmets play an important role in protecting and minimizing head injuries for motorcyclists. In all cases, the V-THUMS head hit the car hood during the initial impact, and the severity of head injuries increased with the velocity of the car and motorbike. At an impact angle of 00, the V-THUMS head suffered the most severe injury. This study provides comprehensive knowledge about head injuries in motorcyclists and confirms the important role of helmets in protecting motorcyclists from head injuries. Thereby, contributing to the development of injury prevention measures and protective equipment for motorcyclists.
Comparison of water bamboo qualities and quantities harvested in different growth environments from Puli area in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Chih-Chi , Lin Shu-Ning , Chen Ku-Fan , Kuo Ming-Yu , Bui Quang-Chi , Phan Nguyen Nguyet-Minh , Nguyen Huu-Khiem , Tsai Yung-Pin
Published: February 2025

As one of Taiwan’s important agricultural crops, the harvest time of water bamboos is limited by environmental conditions such as season and temperature. In order to increase the total annual harvest of white bamboo shoots and improve economic efficiency, the night light filling technology is used to shorten the harvest time of Water bamboos and promote the growth of Water bamboos.Puli, as the city with the largest area of Water bamboos planted in Taiwan, currently uses the most commonly used fill lighting fixtures for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS). This study aims to examine the differences in various quality parameters of water bamboo grown under different environmental conditions, including total plant weight, plant height, basal circumference, shoot yield ratio, moisture content, ascorbic acid content (AsA), 2,2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′-Azinobis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content. The samples of water bamboo were collected from real lands in Puli areas where water bamboos were cultivated in different season, supplementary light at night and farming practice conditions. The experimental results showed that in terms of the basic characteristics of water bamboo, there were no significant differences in plant height, basal circumference, and moisture content among water bamboos harvested under different supplementary lighting conditions and agricultural practices in the Puli area in 2022. Water bamboo yields under supplementary light irradiations at night were majorly higher than those harvested without supplementary lighting. Summer time (12.9±0.96cm/105.7±15.3g/31.1±2.85cm) got significantly higher yields than those of water bamboos harvested in Autumn (11.2±1.40cm/83.1±18.3g/29.4±2.63cm). For vitamin C content, water bamboos obtained using eco-friendly farming method (6.48±0.49mg/100g Sample) was significantly higher than that obtained by customary farming method (5.77±0.63mg/100g Sample) under the condition of no supplementary light. Under the eco-friendly farming method, terms of vitamin C contents in water bamboo obtained by LED irradiation and without supplementary light irradiation (6.92±0.81mg/100g Sample and 6.48±0.49mg/100g Sample) were significantly higher than that obtained by high-pressure sodium lamp irradiation (5.40±0.47mg/100g Sample). In terms of antioxidant properties, when comparing different harvest times in the water bamboo fields planted in Puli in 2022, water bamboo harvested in autumn exhibited significant differences in DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging efficiency compared to those harvested in spring. Water bamboos harvested in summer also got significantly higher levels of total phenolic content and flavonoid content compared to those harvested in spring.
Identification of the most useful configurations and individual elements of a hybrid undergraduate engineering laboratory through a student survey
Authors: Murphy Michael D. , O’Mahony Tom , Herbert Padraig , Graça Guilherme Carrilho da
Published: February 2025

The adoption and utilisation of remote, asynchronous and virtual laboratories (VLs) for undergraduate education has substantially increased post COVID-19. These methods can be integrated with traditional synchronous physical laboratories (PLs) to form hybrid laboratories (HLs). HLs have been compared to other laboratory environments in previous research studies. However, no study has explored, from the students’ perspective, how useful different configurations and individual elements of a HL are for learning. Therefore, this study posed questions to determine the most useful individual elements and configurations of an undergraduate engineering HL. To answer these questions a research methodology was designed. A group of undergraduate engineering students (n = 21) in the Munster Technological University were surveyed to determine their perspectives on the individual elements and configurations of a HL they recently completed in energy modelling. The questionnaire employed multi-item psychometric scales that enabled quantitative analysis. The results showed that 85.7% of students preferred HLs, while 9.5% preferred VLs only and 4.8% preferred PLs only. 95.2% of students found VLs and their asynchronous operation useful, with screencasts of modelling found to be the most useful VL element. 76.2% and 90.5% of students found it useful to interact with their peers and teacher in the PLs, respectively. 85.7% of students thought the VLs helped them in developing an understanding of how energy models work.
Preface: The 6th International Conference on Environmental Resources Management (ICERM) 2024
Authors: Mardiatno Djati , Das Sayantan , Hasegawa Takeshi , Triyanti Annisa , Lin Tsung-Yi , Melati Dian Nuraini , Moatty Anabelle , Htun Kyaw Zaya
Published: February 2025

Anthropogenic pressure and climate change are the main issues of environmental degradation, posing significant challenges to sustainable landscape [1,2]. These issues are recognized as major global risks with long-lasting consequences [3]. Landscape management is an integrated approach that may be helpful to address these issues by combining policies and practices to address environmental degradation and promote sustainable land use planning [4]. This approach plays an important role in achieving sustainable livelihoods by integrating multiple objectives such as ecological, economic and social [5,6]. Proper landscape management can lead to numerous ecological benefits, including improved land restoration, increased forest cover, enhanced ecosystem services, and maintain the biodiversity [5,6,7]. In the economic and social context, land management can be beneficial for promoting food security, reducing vulnerability to climate change, and improving welfare [5,6,7].

Department of Environmental Geography, the Faculty of Geography Universitas Gadjah Mada, has a long history of conducting research on environmental management. The concept of sustainable land management aligns with the department’s research framework, which emphasizes the analysis of land, water, social, and economic factors to improve population welfare and reduce risk. To address current issues and discuss efforts related to sustainable land management, the department is organizing the 6th International Conference on Environmental Resources Management (ICERM) to showcase the latest scientific advancements.

List of Conference Committee is available in this pdf.
Clustering Of Stunting Prevalence with Gender Equality in Households Index and Socio-Demographic Variables In Regency/Cities Of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara And East Nusa Tenggara Provinces
Authors: Yuhan Risni Julaeni , Kutanegara Pande Made , Budiani Sri Rahayu
Published: February 2025

The issue of stunting is a primary focus of efforts to enhance the quality of human resources. The objective of the present study is to construct a gender equality index within households by grouping them according to the prevalence of stunting and other social indicators in the regencies/cities of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces. The methodology used is based on the structural equation modelling partial least squares (SEM-PLS) approach and the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, which were employed in the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the 2021 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey, and the data published by the Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The province of Bali has the highest average Gender Equality Household Index score. The index size for low stunting prevalence clusters is higher than for high stunting prevalence clusters. The results indicated that regencies/cities with a high prevalence of stunting exhibited poor environmental sanitation conditions and lower Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Equality Index (GEI) scores. Concurrently, there was a notable exclusive breastfeeding and low birth weight (LBW) prevalence. The formulation of this later can facilitate stakeholders in developing a roadmap to accelerate stunting control.
Community involvement in ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction: a scoping review to guide assessment metrics
Authors: van Onselen V.M. , Ota M. , Pratiwi E.S. , Lin W.J. , Lin T.-Y.
Published: February 2025

In response to climate change and rising hazard risks, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR), a type of Nature-based Solution (NbS), has been globally adopted for its benefits in enhancing ecosystem resilience and reducing disaster risks. Community involvement has proven to be a significant factor in the effectiveness of Eco-DRR projects. A scoping review has been conducted to identify main research gaps in our understanding of community-based approaches in Eco-DRR. Main definitions of community-based strategies in Eco-DRR projects are summarized and the Arksey and O’Malley framework was utilized to identify key themes and patterns that influence the success of community involvement in Eco-DRR projects. The findings culminate in the development of a quantitative metric designed to assess community participation in these initiatives. This review highlights that Eco-DRR projects often lack strong stakeholder collaboration and effective bottom-up approaches. Additionally, the integration of traditional and local knowledge, especially from women, is frequently overlooked, resulting in a loss of insights, gender inequality, and reduced community engagement. Recommendations and a new assessment framework are provided to address the identified research gaps and barriers to community engagement, with the aim of guiding both existing and new projects toward more successful outcomes.
Indicating Water Purification Ecosystem Service through Water Quality Assessment in Jetis Suruh Artificial Retention Pond, Sleman Regency
Authors: Suprayogi S , Budiman S , Setiacahyandari H K
Published: February 2025

Freshwater ecosystem is an important need for humans. However, its availability is limited. Artificial retention pond as a freshwater ecosystem provides various ecosystem services including water purification. This study aimed to assess the water purification services in Jetis Suruh Artificial Retention Pond by comparing the water quality that enters the artificial retention pond and those that do not. Primary data were obtained from field surveys and water sampling using 5 parameters (pH, BOD, COD, nitrate, and phosphate). The water samples were obtained from surface of the pond or channel. The total sample used in this research is 8 samples and divided into two water flow systems. The results show that water quality in Jetis Suruh Artificial Retention Pond from each parameter show that these waters nearly still meet the requirements of class II water quality standards in Indonesia. The ranking results indicate that the Jetis Suruh Artificial Retention Pond has a capability in water purification as an ecosystem service. Unlike the branch channels (S1, S2, and S3) with uniform conditions and no significant changes, the Jetis Suruh Artificial Retention Pond improves water quality in S5, S6, and S7 (ranked first and second) from the poorest water quality in S4. The improvement is attributed to the pond’s retention process, allowing aeration, sunlight penetration, and sedimentation of organic matter.
Characteristic of The Recent Product of Kawah Ijen: Insight from Componentry, Shape Analysis, and Bulk-Rock Geochemistry
Authors: Suhartono Muhammad Alsamtu Tita Sabila Pratama , Latief Gammanda Adhny El Zamzamy , Priyana Pandu Eka , Agustiningtyas Lestari , Jonathan Andre
Published: February 2025

Kawah Ijen is an active volcano located in Banyuwangi regency and Situbondo Regency, Indonesia. The volcano is part of a famous volcanic region called Ijen Volcanic Complex (IVC), which attracts tourists year long. As human activity thrives, the region possesses a high risk of volcanic disaster. Therefore, volcanology study is necessary as a guide for disaster mitigation strategy. We study one of the youngest eruptive products of Kawah Ijen located at the summit region in order to understand the characteristics of the latest eruptive mechanism. Thirteen tephra layers of volcanic product were recorded during fieldwork. Using the Walker (1971)’s plot, we identified that all tephra layers corresponds to pyroclastic fall deposits. Shape analysis reveals that the product is round shaped, a typical result from phreatomagmatic eruptions. This idea is further confirmed by componentry analysis which shows that all layers are dominated by lithic (non-juveniles). In addition, whole rock XRF geochemistry analysis shows that the magma is sourced from Intra Caldera (IC) group as shown by geochemistry comparison with the previous study by Handley (2007). Moreover, the magma belongs to andesite, with SiO2 content around 60-62 wt%. It should be noted that many andesitic volcanoes worldwide can produce VEI >3 eruptions. Therefore, although the recent historical eruptions of Kawah Ijen is dominated by VEI 1-2 eruptions, a mitigation scenario of a larger eruption scale should be prepared. With the assumption that Kawah Ijen would erupts similarly as Zao Volcano in Japan (VEI 3-4), a 50 cm thick layers of tephra could be deposited within 10 km radius. The deposit could damage residential buildings nearby where only 30 cm thick of water saturated tephra is needed to cause roof collapse.
Flash Floods Impact in the Upper Citarum Watershed: A Hydrological and Hydraulic Simulation Approach
Authors: Sapan E G A , Susanti W D , Santosa B H , Wardhani F A , Widiatmoko N , Yuvhenmindo M R , Ridwansyah I , Triwisesa E , Pravitasari A E
Published: February 2025

Flash floods are a type of disaster caused by extreme rainfall, steep topography, soil and geological features, and changes in land use. This study evaluates the potential impact of flash floods in the Ciguntur Sub-watershed, which is part of the Upper Citarum Watershed, using an integrated hydrological and hydraulic simulation approach as well as utilizing satellite precipitation data, rain gauge data, digital elevation model, watershed characteristics, and curve number grids. This study simulates hydrological flow using HEC-HMS and performs hydraulic analysis using HEC-RAS. The simulation results indicate that the March 20, 2023 rainfall event resulting in flow hydrographs with late-run satellite precipitation aligns more closely with the actual event. The HEC-RAS thorough RAS Mapper revealed a flash flood-impacted area along the main river. The study underscores the importance of collecting observed data to improve model accuracy and strengthen disaster mitigation while also emphasizing that analyzing debris load features can make future flash flood research more comprehensive.
Analysis of Water Quality and Carrying Capacity in Bangka Tengah Regency, Indonesia: A Case Study of Sungai Selan and Lubuk Besar Districts
Authors: Yusri Aby Ridho K , Muhamad Rosyid P , Muta’ali Luthfi
Published: February 2025

Water resources constitute a critical natural asset, exerting a significant influence on the pace and extent of societal and economic progress. (Zhao, 2024). Population growth and land-use changes have further influenced the demand for clean water. Human activities have also contributed to the increasing demand for clean water. Clean water has become a problem in Bangka Tengah Regency due to land-use changes and population growth. One of the problems with clean water in Bangka Selatan Regency is caused by mining activities, especially tin mining. The status of water carrying capacity is determined through a quantitative approach by calculating the difference and ratio between the availability and demand for each water ecosystem service in Lubuk Besar and Sungai Selan Districts. If the demand is higher and the availability is lower in Bangka Tengah Regency, it can be assumed that the region is experiencing a water deficit; the opposite is also true. The determination of this status is closely related to the concept of a multi-scale grid system that considers geodetic datum, coordinate system, origin of the multi-scale grid coordinate system, grid resolution, and grid numbering system. This multi-scale grid system is utilized for Indonesian environmental data. The origin is located at the bottom left corner, serving as the starting point for grid numbers in the Indonesian multi-scale grid system. Each grid is assigned a grid number to identify each cell in the multi-scale grid system.The analysis of carrying capacity and supporting capacity in Bangka Tengah Regency, particularly in Lubuk Besar and Sungai Selan Districts, indicates that water availability in both districts is still abundant. However, the utilization of this water requires some form of treatment. This is because the quality of river water in Bangka Tengah Regency is generally dominated by a low level of pollution.
Aerial Photography using Small Unmanned Aircraft for Night Activity Data Acquisition
Authors: Widartono B.S. , Sasongko R. , Nasrulloh M.F. , Bone M.N.A.P.R.
Published: February 2025

Thermal sensors can identify objects that have different temperature conditions from their environment, so that they can distinguish one object from another, although with certain limitations. The method is basically moving the day acquisition process as a reference for the night acquisition process by accommodating all recorded environmental conditions such as existing paths and obstacles. Night aerial photography procedures require some special treatment in acquiring because there are several things that need to be considered, especially to (a) data requirements from thermal sensors; and (b) safety factors for drone flight. Night activities are expected to be obtained from the comparison between night and daytime object temperatures because with visible aerial photographs night activities are less visible. The resulting shooting procedure takes into consideration the shooting time, altitude, and flight path. This research can produce an indication of night activity that will later be used as one of the variables to find out more about night activity.
River pollution in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Purnama I L S , Haq K W , Primacintya V A
Published: February 2025

Water is one of the most important resources to support human life. However, from time to time the problems related to water are getting more complex. In addition to the increasingly limited number, the quality of the water is also decreasing due to pollution. The river is a body of water that is very easily polluted because until now it is still a place for liquid waste disposal for some human activities and its open location. The purpose of this study was to analyze river water pollution in the city of Yogyakarta. For this reason, data collection results from water quality monitoring of the Winongo River, Code River, Manunggal River and Gajahwong River were carried out by the Yogyakarta City Environment Service. Furthermore, a comparative descriptive analysis was carried out, namely by comparing water quality data with quality standards. The parameters compared were Nitrate, BOD, COD and E. coli. In addition, a spatial analysis was also carried out by comparing the level of water pollution from the four rivers. The results showed that all rivers in the city of Yogyakarta have been polluted. In terms of the level of pollution, the Winongo River is the least polluted river because only the Esherichia coli concentration exceeds the quality standard and is polluted by nitrate in the two monitoring allocations in the southern part. The Manunggal River which is the smallest river actually experiences the heaviest pollution. Apart from E. coli, the concentrations of BOD and COD in this river also exceeded the quality standards in all monitoring locations. With the same amount of waste, the factor of the small size of the river is probably the cause of the high level of pollution in this river.
Analysis of The Total Maximum Daily Load of The Buntung River in Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency
Authors: Anggrahini S Q , Fadlillah L N
Published: February 2025

The Buntung Sub-watershed is part of the Winongo Watershed, and the water quality of the Buntung River is influenced by surrounding land use. Data from the Sleman Regency Central Bureau of Statistics indicate significant changes in land use from agricultural land to built-up areas, potentially increasing the pollutant load entering the river. This study aimed to calculate the pollutant load capacity of the Buntung River using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). Sampling was conducted by dividing the river flow into eight segments. Water quality testing focused on the parameters of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Additionally, river morphometry and flow discharge measurements were inputted for water quality modeling using the WASP software. The results indicate that the total BOD pollutant load is 44.206 kg/day, while the total COD pollutant load is 657.291 kg/day. The carrying capacity for the total BOD pollutant load is 0.177 kg/day, and for the total COD is 17.457 kg/day. Nearly all segments are unable to accommodate the pollutant load. For BOD, only segments 3 and 5 are able to accommodate the BOD pollutant load, while for COD, only segments 1 and 6 can accommodate the COD pollutant load.
Engineering Geology Characteristics of the Bagong Dam Diversion Tunnel, Trenggalek District, East Java Province of Indonesia
Authors: Indrajid Ganny , Setiawan Hendy
Published: February 2025

Knowing the engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel area is very important to prevent collapse during construction and operational stages. The Bagong Dam diversion tunnel is 480 meters long with a trajectory under the main dam body. During the construction phase, new information was found regarding the lithology and geological structure, therefore it is necessary to update the engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel area. This paper aims to identify the engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel area, including morphological units, lithology, geological structure, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) testing, and identification of rock mass quality using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method. Results indicated that the research area consists of steeply and gentle sloping hills. The tunnel site comprises two main lithologies: calcipulverite limestone and andesite breccia. XRD testing shows that the clay is dominated by smectite mineral at 15.66 A. In addition, alteration of limestone and breccia was also found in surface and subsurface observations based on XRD testing. The tunnel trajectory will pass through limestone with a fair RMR value (43≤RMR ≤57) and andesite breccia with a good RMR value (69≤RMR ≤81). According to results, further studies are needed to consider the most reliable methods during the excavation and installation of support systems of the tunnel.
Tunnel Face Mapping for Empirical Assessment to Determine The Method and Type of Excavation On The Outlet Side of The Budong-Budong Dam Diversion Tunnel
Authors: Wibowo J P , Setiawan H , Karnawati D
Published: February 2025

Determining the method and type of tunnel excavation is important, especially when the tunnel enters the construction phase and there are differences between design and field data. Budong-Budong Dam was designed to use a diversion tunnel, which is currently in the construction phase. This research aims to determine the recommended excavation method and type based on geological data on the outlet side of the diversion tunnel. The methodology used in this research is collecting geological data obtained from surface mapping and tunnel face mapping. The surface condition in the research area consisted of 3 lithological units: Tufa-breccia, Tufa-sandstone, and Silt-cobble deposits. The subsurface condition in the research area observed by face mapping in the Budong-Budong Dam diversion tunnel from the outlet uses the rock mass quality parameters of the RMR and GSI classifications. Based on the RMR classification, the rock mass quality on the outlet side of the diversion tunnel is generally included in the good rock class with an RMR value ranging from 62 to 70. Based on the GSI classification the rock mass on the outlet side of the diversion tunnel is generally classified into the good rock with a GSI value of 70.8. The lithologies on the outlet side of the diversion tunnel comprises of hard and massive tufa-breccia. The RMR classification was used to determine the excavation method, while the GSI classification was used to assess the excavatability of the tunnel. Hence, the recommended excavation method is full-face excavation, and the recommended excavation type based on the excavatability tunnel is blasting.
Identification Of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in Shallow Groundwater Potential Using Geographic Information System (Kramat Jati District, East Jakarta)
Authors: Marendra S M P , Yanidar R , Aphirta S , Minarti A , Salsabila P
Published: February 2025

Well water is a source of water for household. However, shallow groundwater with a depth of less than 15 m carries a high risk of contamination. Kramat Jati is one of urban areas in the city of Jakarta where sources of groundwater pollution can come from livestock areas and bad sanitation. from physical indicators of water pollution, shallow groundwater in Kramat Jati District has characteristics that indicate pollution due to the solubility of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). This research aims to map the distribution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) pollution in shallow groundwater in Kramat Jati District. Sampling was taken using the Stratified Random Sampling (SRS) method at a radius 250 m, 500 m, and 750 m from the livestock area. The total sample is 20 sampling points. Questionnaires are used to obtain clean water sanitation characteristics. The method used to map the distribution of pollution is the interpolation method with ArcGIS and Surfer software. The results from this analysis were used to create a map that delineates the actual spatial distribution of Fe and Mn in Kramat Jati District. The highest pollution concentration for iron parameters was 3.24 mg/l, and manganese 7.91 mg/l. Interpolation results show that the increase in groundwater concentration is dominant into northern and southern areas of the subdistrict. The main factors that cause pollution come from the distance between septic tank and well being less than <10 meters, and alluvial soil type in this area study. This shows that the groundwater in this area is not suitable as a source of drinking water and sanitation hygiene according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out simple processing using filtration and it is necessary to provide a clean water piping system in this area.
Application of Convergence – Confinement Method in Analysis for Longitudinal Displacements in Rock Tunnel
Authors: Saptono Singgih , Rahman Yulianto M. , Vergiagara Vega
Published: February 2025

The application of convergence-confinement analysis in tunnel engineering serves as a conventional initial approach to evaluate wall movements and devise support frameworks in scenarios involving swelling rock. This analytical technique relies on either a closed-form solution or a finite element method (FEM) utilizing a plane strain numerical model. A crucial component of this analysis is the longitudinal displacement profile (LDP), which is essential for linking the displacements of tunnel walls during the excavation process. The evaluation is performed along the tunnel’s axis. In this research, the LDP formulation proposed by Vlachopoulos and Diederichs (2009) is employed to assess how factors such as the distance supported from the tunnel face (working surface), as well as the spacing of rock bolts—both diametrically and transversely—affect the safety factor and the maximum plastic radius produced during installation. The calculations are premised on the understanding that optimal conditions are influenced by variations in the plastic zone’s size, with larger zones requiring more extended normal excavation distances. Mistakes in applying the LDP can lead to substantial errors in determining the correct distances for installing tunnel support systems, potentially resulting in failures of temporary supports. This paper details the findings obtained from the analytical solutions utilized in this investigation.
Technical Assesment of the Infuence of Use Bottom Air Decking ½ Meter on the Powder Factor Value in Lowwall Area C1 at PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama Site Binungan, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Vidiya Ricce Ivonda , Anggara Rochsyid , Asnawi Sato
Published: February 2025

The research was conducted at PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama Site Binungan, East Kalimantan. The research aims to reduce the powder factor value in blasting in the Lowwall C1 (include seam F5 Barat, F5 Expose, F5 Mine Out and F4) area which refers to the company’s target standard of 0.183 kg/m3, without changing the blasting results in the form of fragmentation value, digging time and material recovery. The powder factor is the ratio of powder filling to the volume of blasting results. Efforts to reduce the powder factor value can be made by using the ½ meter air deck experiment, this is done because the geometry cannot be changed and is optimal. Reducing the powder factor value using ½ meter air deck by paying attention to changes in the loading sheet value. After making the loading sheet value for ½ meter, there is a change in the amount of powder filling by 9-13 kg for each hole; the depth of the blast hole influences this reduction, After the trial was conducted, the powder factor value decreased by 3%, while the fragmentation value followed the target set by the company (below 50 cm), the digging time value produced was in accordance with the company (below 12 seconds), and the recovery value reached the target of 95%. So it can be concluded that the experiment using ½ meter air deck is successful and can be done for Lowwall C1 area.
Safety Assessment for Geotourism in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark, West Java
Authors: Herlinawati  , Setiawan Iwan F , Rohaendi Nendi , Wahyudi
Published: February 2025

Geopark areas offer a unique opportunity for geotourism, allowing visitors to experience geological wonders while immersing themselves in local culture and biodiversity. However, ensuring the safety of both visitors and the environment is critical for sustainable development and visitor satisfaction. The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, part of the UNESCO Global Geopark network, is situated in the Sukabumi Regency of West Java and is a prime example of such an area. The park offers diverse landscapes shaped by millions of years of geological processes, including cascading waterfalls, stunning cliffs, pristine beaches, lush forests, and rugged coastal areas. The aim of the research is to identify potential hazards in the tourism industry in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark and calculate associated risks by considering factors such as the likelihood and severity of these hazards on visitors, infrastructure, and the environment. The potential hazards were identified, analysed, and assessed in each geosite. The data sources used were primary and secondary ones taken from observation, open interviews, and literature studies. The results show that rockfalls and slippery rock are the highest physical hazards, posing a high level of risk. Meanwhile, landslides, snakes, bees, and poisonous plants are classified as low risk. Therefore, the safety assessment results of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark can serve as a reference for future development to ensure the park remains sustainable. By identifying and mitigating potential hazards, the park can continue to provide safe travel and enjoyable activities for visitors while protecting the community and environment.
Rheology of compressible and density-variable Newtonian flows: non-Stokes hypothesis and ‘volume diffusion’
Authors: Dadzie S Kokou
Published: February 2025

Stokes’ hypothesis allows for the frequent neglect of the bulk viscosity term related to fluid dilation effects on the viscous stress tensor in Newtonian flows. Configurations in which this hypothesis is not valid widely exist, but they are not always well distinguished. Meanwhile, it was pointed out earlier that the original Navier–Stokes equations may be incomplete, leading to the development of volume diffusion hydrodynamics. This article recalls the form of the Navier–Stokes equations when fluid dilation (or actual fluid density variation) is properly accounted for in the derivation process of continuum flow equations. A thermodynamic framework to construct constitutive equations is proposed. The results, which are deemed to be the exact and complete form of the Navier–Stokes equations, correspond to the volume diffusion continuum hydrodynamic model. Explicit expressions and meanings are derived for the local volume production rate, specifically the local fluid concentration production, which differ from the conventional definitions. This complete form of the Navier–Stokes equations represents natural Burnett regime hydrodynamic equations, as they satisfy all fundamental mechanical principles and exhibit non-negative entropy production. These continuum flow models may be more appropriate to adopt when local gradients in thermodynamic variables, such as density or temperature, impact the dynamics of the flows.
FloodGenome: interpretable machine learning for decoding features shaping property flood risk predisposition in cities
Authors: Liu Chenyue , Mostafavi Ali
Published: February 2025

The study introduces FloodGenome, an interpretable machine learning model, to assess flood risk disposition in urban areas by analyzing hydrological, topographic, and built-environment features and their interactions. Utilizing data from the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (2003-2023) across four metropolitan areas, it employs k-means clustering and a random forest model to classify and predict property flood risk levels. The model's effectiveness is proven across different metropolitan areas, highlighting the importance of factors like vapor pressure, elevation, and impervious surfaces in determining flood risk. FloodGenome's analysis aids in evaluating future urban development impacts on flood risk and refining property flood risk assessments at a detailed level. This tool offers critical insights for flood risk management, supporting the development of urban design strategies to mitigate flood risks.
An integrated hybrid 3D bioprinting of heterogeneous and zone-specific construct resembling structural and biofunctional properties of osteochondral tissue
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Hou Yanhao , Vyas Cian , Huang Boyang , Bartolo Paulo J.D.S.
Published: February 2025

Extrusion-based 3D printing is extensively used to fabricate osteochondral (OC) constructs. However, significant challenges remain, particularly engineering constructs that can replicate the heterogeneity and structural organization of OC tissue and maintain a chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, this study introduces an integrated hybrid 3D bioprinting strategy, incorporating soft hydrogel bioinks and a bioceramic thermoplastic composite polymer, allowing the fabrication of a zone-specific construct analogous to OC tissue. The results show that the hybrid triphasic 3D bioprinted construct mimicking the full-thickness OC tissue displays a distinct layered structure with high precision and improved mechanical properties. The calcified layer fabricated by co-printing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate (PCL/TCP) enables the formation of a transition layer and provides strong bonding between the engineered PCL/TCP subchondral bone and the methacrylated methylcellulose (MCMA)/GelMA cartilage layer. The encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are found to be spatiotemporally released from the calcified cartilage layer and directionally attach to the subchondral bone layer of the construct. The MCMA/GelMA bioinks exhibit a stiffness and stress relaxation profile suitable for cartilage applications. Human chondrocytes (HCs) show enhanced cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, the HCs encapsulated within the MCMA/GelMA bioinks maintain their chondrogenic phenotype with high expression of collagen type II (Col2) and SOX9. At the liquid-matrix interface, they experience a loss of chondrogenic phenotype and potential chondrogenic-to-osteogenic trans-differentiation with the expression of the osteogenic marker collagen type I (Col1). This study provides a deep understanding and insightful view of chondrogenic behaviours responding to the microenvironment via extensive in-vitro studies and shed light on a promising approach for the future OC tissue regeneration.
Dual-responsive ratiometric luminescent assay for visual recognition of tetracyclines based on in situ encapsulation of Eu(III) and carbon dots into metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Yi Kuiyu , Zhao Qifeng , Kang Xiaoqi
Published: February 2025

An efficient method of in situ self-assembly was utilized to encapsulate Eu3+ and carbon dots (CDs) within ZIF-8, creating a Eu3+/CDs@ZIF-8 dual-emissive ratiometric luminescent assay specifically designed for the recognition of tetracyclines (TCs). As the concentration of TCs rises, blue luminescence from CDs diminishes while red luminescence from Eu3+ intensifies. This mechanism, balancing 2 emissions, allows high-sensitivity detection of TCs in water and milk. TCs quench blue emission via inner filter effect and coordinate with Eu3+ to enhance red emission, causing a visible color shift. Consequently, the luminescence color of Eu3+/CDs@ZIF-8 can be visually observed to shift from blue to red. Furthermore, the developed luminescent test strip offers a portable and convenient solution for TCs detection, making it suitable for on-site analysis. The dual-emission self-calibration detection platform introduces a novel approach for the identification of TCs in food samples, providing a robust and reliable method for monitoring and ensuring environmental and food safety.