bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal drivers of post-fire tree establishment and height growth in a managed forest landscape
Authors: Andrus Robert A. , Droske Christine A. , Franz Madeline C. , Hudak Andrew T. , Lentile Leigh B. , Lewis Sarah A. , Morgan Penelope , Robichaud Peter R. , Meddens Arjan J. H.
Published: December 2022

Background

In seed-obligate conifer forests of the western US, land managers need a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability in post-fire recovery to develop adaptation strategies. Successful establishment of post-fire seedlings requires the arrival of seeds and favorable environmental conditions for germination, survival, and growth. We investigated the spatiotemporal limitations to post-fire seedling establishment and height growth in dry to moist mixed conifer forests with and without post-fire forest management treatments (salvage logging, grass seeding) in areas burned from low to high severity. In 2011, we measured post-fire seedling establishment year, juvenile density (seedlings and saplings), and height growth (annual and total) in 50 plots with six conifer species in the School Fire (2005), Blue Mountains, WA, USA. In 2021, we remeasured the plots for post-fire juvenile density and height growth.

Results

Post-fire juvenile tree densities appeared sufficient for self-replacement of forest (> 60 stems ha−1) in 96% of plots in 2021 (median 3130 stems ha−1), but densities were highly variable (range 33–100,501 stems ha−1). Annual seedling establishment was positively correlated with cooler, wetter climate conditions during the summer of germination (July–September) and the growing season of the subsequent year (April–September) for multiple tree species. We found lower juvenile densities at greater distances to seed sources and with higher grass cover, while salvage logging had no effect. Annual height growth was shorter on warmer, drier topographic positions for three species, whereas annual height growth was associated with climate variability for one species. Shifts in height class structure from 2011 to 2021 were, in part, explained by differences among species in annual height growth.

Conclusions

Abundant and widespread tree seedling establishment for multiple conifer species after fire was strong evidence that most burned sites in the present study are currently on a trajectory to return to forest. However, post-fire establishment may be constrained to brief periods of cooler, wetter climate conditions following future fires. Long-term monitoring of post-fire recovery dynamics is needed to inform management activities designed to adapt forests to climate change and future disturbances, which will collectively shape future forest structure and composition.
MUTYH and KLF6 gene expression fluctuations in tumor tissue and tumor margins tissues of colorectal cancer
Authors: Naebi Hoora , Bandegi Ahmadreza , Talebinasab Fereshteh , Samidoust Pirouz , Norollahi Seyedeh Elham , Vahidi Sogand , Samadani Ali Akbar
Published: December 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important cancers in the world, and its prevalence varies depending on the geographical area. Genetically, tumor regeneration in CRC as a multi-step process involves activating mutations in protocogenes and losing the function of tumor suppressor genes as well as DNA repair and recovery genes. Occur in this way, our goal was to investigate the expression of KLF6 genes as a tumor suppressor and MUTYH involved in the DNA repair process in colorectal cancer.

Methods

This research was conducted during the years 2019–2018 in Razi Hospital, Rasht. The subjects included 30 tumoral and 30 non-tumoral tissues of colorectal cancer and 20 healthy controls. The real-time PCR method was used to investigate the gene expression. For data analysis by SPSS, parametric statistical tests ANOVA and T test and regression analysis were used and p value values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The expression of KLF6 gene in tumoral tissues showed a significant decrease compared to non-tumoral tissues (P = 0.04). Also, the expression of MUTYH gene in tumor tissue showed a significant decrease compared to non-tumoral (P = 0.02) and this decrease in MUTYH gene expression had a significant relationship with increasing tumor stage (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that decreased expression of KLF6 and MUTYH genes in the study population has a significant relationship with colorectal cancer and can be considered as tumor marker in diagnostic purpose.
Survey on Cairene primary school teachers’ knowledge and attitude about stuttering
Authors: Elrefaie Dina Ahmed , Ella Mahmoud Youssef Abou El , Halim Amal Saeed Abd El , Gobran Randa Reda
Published: December 2022

Background

Behavior of teachers towards stutterers could have an impact on stutterers’ self-image and the way they are viewed and treated by their peers. Assessment of the amount of knowledge of primary school teachers is essential to include awareness about stuttering in teachers’ education to enable early identification and proper management for these children.

Aim

This study aimed to feature the primary school teachers’ knowledge and attitude towards stuttering students.

Method

This study included 100 primary school teachers selected from 4 primary governmental schools in Cairo. Our subjects were subjected to a questionnaire field study to measure their assumptions, attitudes, and knowledge of stuttering and persons who stutter.

Results

There was some good teachers’ attitude like talk as if the stutterer is talking normally. In addition, tell the student to slow down the rate of speech, and tell the student to think before he/she speaks, allowing stutters to take a deep breath, praising the student when he/she speaks well. While there were undesirable reactions in the form of teachers feel inpatient and the stutterer is nervous, shy and has difficulty in making friends.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed some good knowledge of teachers about stuttering with some favorable attitude about stuttering which can help people who stutter (PWS) to overcome their difficulty, but still it is not enough. More efforts should be made to improve teachers’ behavior to insure giving the best possible help to PWS.
The Impact of Inflammation and General Anesthesia on Memory and Executive Function in Mice
Authors: Khodaei Shahin , Wang Dian-Shi , Ariza Anthony , Syed Raza M. , Orser Beverley A.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are complex, multifactorial conditions that are associated with poor long-term outcomes. Inflammation and exposure to general anesthetic drugs are likely contributing factors; however, the relative impact of each factor alone versus the combination of these factors remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to compare the relative impact of inflammation, general anesthesia, and the combination of both factors on memory and executive function.

METHODS:

To induce neuroinflammation at the time of exposure to an anesthetic drug, adult male mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. One day later, they were anesthetized with etomidate (or vehicle). Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the hippocampus and cortex 24 hours after LPS treatment. Recognition memory and executive function were assessed starting 24 hours after anesthesia using the novel object recognition assay and the puzzle box, respectively. Data are expressed as mean (or median) differences (95% confidence interval).

RESULTS:

LPS induced neuroinflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (LPS versus control, hippocampus: 3.49 pg/mg [2.06–4.92], P < .001; cortex: 2.60 pg/mg [0.83–4.40], P = .010) and tumor necrosis factor-α (hippocampus: 3.50 pg/mg [0.83–11.82], P = .002; cortex: 2.38 pg/mg [0.44–4.31], P = .021). Recognition memory was impaired in mice treated with LPS, as evinced by a lack of preference for the novel object (novel versus familiar: 1.03 seconds [−1.25 to 3.30], P = .689), but not in mice treated with etomidate alone (novel versus familiar: 2.38 seconds [0.15–4.60], P = .031). Mice cotreated with both LPS and etomidate also exhibited memory deficits (novel versus familiar: 1.40 seconds [−0.83 to 3.62], P = .383). In the puzzle box, mice treated with either LPS or etomidate alone showed no deficits. However, the combination of LPS and etomidate caused deficits in problem-solving tasks (door open task: −0.21 seconds [−0.40 to −0.01], P = .037; plug task: −0.30 seconds [−0.50 to −0.10], P < .001; log values versus control), indicating impaired executive function.

CONCLUSIONS:

Impairments in recognition memory were driven by inflammation. Deficits in executive function were only observed in mice cotreated with LPS and etomidate. Thus, an interplay between inflammation and etomidate anesthesia led to cognitive deficits that were not observed with either factor alone. These findings suggest that inflammation and anesthetic drugs may interact synergistically, or their combination may unmask covert or latent deficits induced by each factor alone, leading to PNDs.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Apneic Oxygenation in Obese Patients for Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bright Matthew R. , Harley William A. , Velli Gina , Zahir Syeda Farah , Eley Victoria
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Obese patients desaturate rapidly during the apneic period after induction of anesthesia for elective surgery. Administration of oxygen using high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNCs) may prevent desaturation in nonobese patients compared to facemask (FM) preoxygenation. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of HFNC to FM preoxygenation techniques in reducing preintubation desaturation in obese patients undergoing elective surgery.

METHODS:

This study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022309391). Adult studies that compared HFNC and FM preoxygenation in obese patients requiring general anesthesia for elective surgery were included. The primary outcome was desaturation resulting in oxygen saturation of <92% from induction of anesthesia until intubation. Secondary outcomes included the lowest arterial oxygen content before intubation expressed in mm Hg, safe apnea time expressed in seconds, the lowest oxygen saturation before intubation expressed as a percentage, patient-reported discomfort, the need for rescue ventilation, and the incidence of aspiration of gastric contents during intubation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Certainty was assessed following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

RESULTS:

Six studies including 351 participants were eligible for analysis. There was no difference in odds of oxygen desaturation <92% between HFNC and FM (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–1.63; P = .24). The HFNC group had a significantly longer safe apnea time (mean difference [MD], –124.20 with 95% CI, –200.47 to −47.93; P = .001). There was no difference between HFNC and FM in the lowest arterial oxygen content (MD, −23.90; 95% CI, −88.64 to 40.85; P = .47) and the lowest peripheral oxygenation saturation (MD, −0.47 with 95% CI, –5.07 to 4.12; P = .84). HFNC had a lower odd of discomfort than FM (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.52; P = .004). There was no difference in the odds of aspiration of gastric contents between HFNC and FM (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.01–8.21; P = .50). The risk of bias for our primary and secondary outcomes was low. The GRADE assessment for our primary outcome indicated a low level of certainty. For secondary outcomes, the GRADE assessment indicated a very low certainty for all outcomes except for patient discomfort, which was indicated as a moderate level of certainty.

CONCLUSIONS:

There may be no difference between HFNC and FM preoxygenation in preventing oxygen desaturation <92% or the lowest oxygen saturation before intubation. Preparation remains important to prevent and manage desaturation during induction of obese patients.
Going Underground
Authors: Cohen Lara Langer
Published: December 2022

First popularized by newspaper coverage of the Underground Railroad in the 1840s, the underground serves as a metaphor for subversive activity that remains central to our political vocabulary. In Going Underground, Lara Langer Cohen excavates the long history of this now familiar idea while seeking out versions of the underground that were left behind along the way. Outlining how the underground’s figurative sense first took shape through the associations of literal subterranean spaces with racialized Blackness, she examines a vibrant world of nineteenth-century US subterranean literature that includes Black radical manifestos, anarchist periodicals, sensationalist exposés of the urban underworld, manuals for sex magic, and the initiation rites of secret societies. Cohen finds that the undergrounds in this literature offer sites of political possibility that exceed the familiar framework of resistance, suggesting that nineteenth-century undergrounds can inspire new modes of world-making and world-breaking for a time when this world feels increasingly untenable.
N-WASP-Arp2/3 signaling controls multiple steps of dendrite maturation in Purkinje cells in vivo
Authors: Hasegawa Koichi , Matsui Takeshi K. , Kondo Junpei , Kuwako Ken-ichiro
Published: December 2022

During neural development, the actin filament network must be precisely regulated to form elaborate neurite structures. N-WASP tightly controls actin polymerization dynamics by activating an actin nucleator Arp2/3. However, the importance of N-WASP-Arp2/3 signaling in the assembly of neurite architecture in vivo has not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that N-WASP-Arp2/3 signaling plays a crucial role in the maturation of cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites in vivo in mice. N-WASP was expressed and activated in developing PCs. Inhibition of Arp2/3 and N-WASP from the beginning of dendrite formation severely disrupted the establishment of a single stem dendrite, which is a characteristic basic structure of PC dendrites. Inhibition of Arp2/3 after stem dendrite formation resulted in hypoplasia of the PC dendritic tree. Cdc42, an upstream activator of N-WASP, is required for N-WASP-Arp2/3 signaling-mediated PC dendrite maturation. In addition, overactivation of N-WASP is also detrimental to dendrite formation in PCs. These findings reveal that proper activation of N-WASP-Arp2/3 signaling is crucial for multiple steps of PC dendrite maturation in vivo.
A comparison of simultaneous multislice and conventional diffusion tensor imaging techniques for ischemic stroke evaluation at 1.5T
Authors: Culleton Sinéad , Hashemizadeh Kolowori Seyyed Kazem , Roberts John , de Havenon Adam , DiBella Edward , McNally J Scott
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising technique for ischemic stroke evaluation; however, acquisition time is longer than DWI. Simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging acquires multiple slices together and reduces scan time. This study compared conventional and SMS DTI for ischemic stroke workup.

Methods:

Following IRB approval, the departmental stroke protocol was supplemented with SMS DTI on a clinical 1.5T MRI. Cases suspicious for ischemic stroke outside the treatment window were included. Standard DTI (STD-DTI, 20-direction, b = 2000 s/mm2), was followed by SMS-2-DTI (two slices simultaneously imaged). Two blinded neuroradiologists independently assessed image quality and DTI-trace status (positive/negative = stroke/other). Average image quality, interrater reliability (κ), receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = DTI-source min/max/average), coefficient of variation (CV), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA, of DTI-trace) were compared using two-tailed t-tests and a p < .05.

Results:

41 patients were evaluated. SMS-2-DTI decreased DTI time by 132.17 ± 15.33 s, a 45% reduction. SMS-2-DTI reduced image quality (STD-DTI 4.7 ± 0.5 vs SMS-2-DTI 3.8 ± 0.6, p < .001). Diagnostic accuracy persisted, AUC was high for observer 1 (STD-DTI 0.95, 95%CI = 0.88–1.00 vs SMS-2-DTI 0.94, 95%CI = 0.87–1.00, p = .86) and observer 2 (STD-DTI 0.89, 95%CI = 0.79–0.99 vs SMS-2-DTI 0.86, 95%CI = 0.76–0.97, p = .66). Interrater reliability was high for STD-DTI (κ = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.61–0.98) and SMS-2-DTI (κ = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.67–1.00). SMS-2-DTI significantly decreased average SNR (STD-DTI 42.85 ± 4.44 vs SMS-2-DTI 32.58 ± 4.30, p < .001), and CV MD (STD-DTI 0.23 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.04, p < .001). CV FA and CV DTI-trace were not statistically different.

Conclusions:

This study supports using SMS to accelerate DTI for ischemic stroke workup at 1.5T in the non-hyper-acute setting.

Advances in knowledge:

This study highlights the feasibility of accelerated multislice DTI for faster diagnostic DTI-trace images capable of ischemic stroke detection.
Mobility, activity and migration ability of Strigillaria cana (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
Authors: Marzec Magdalena
Published: December 2022

Strigillaria cana mobility was observed in natural conditions in lowland mixed forest in NE Poland. Adult individuals cover a mean distance of 164 mm per hour when moving on a tree trunk. Their average speed was 4.76 mm/min and 19 mm/min maximum. Strigillaria cana activity depends on humidity. The distance covered by snails and the percentage of active individuals increase at high air humidity. The time of the day (day/night) did not influence Strigillaria cana activity. Strigillaria cana specimens show limited dispersal. Of 485 observed adults, 59% never changed the tree on which they were present. Specimens that migrate did not move far from their original location, and most of them (86.2%) cover distances of less than 10 m between trees.
Vacuous interlocutors as hieratic proxies in the sacrosphere of Andalusian flamenco saeta
Authors: Salazar-García Ventura , Haładewicz-Grzelak Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

Saeta (Spanish: ‘arrow’) is nowadays identified as a religious modality of flamenco singing, performed during Holy Week celebrations. The textual fabric of a saeta comprises both melody, manner of singing, and verbal texts, as well as the inherent spatiality of a communicative act. Due to the multifaceted nature of this cultural phenomenon, the semiotic perspective is optimal to capture “a psychosocial connection” through investigated signage. In particular, the analysis will draw on Juri Lotman’s concept of the semiosphere, focusing on its fraction relating to religious experience, namely, the sacrosphere. The results point to transactional tectonics and posit an analytical entity of a vacuous interlocutor as a hieratic proxy, having the status of being in a floating structural position within the posited level of what we shall call here [saeta]2.
Novel psychopathological picture during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a first episode of psychotic depression.
Authors: Cyran Agnieszka , Łuc Mateusz , Szcześniak Dorota , Rymaszewska Joanna
Published: December 2022

Wstęp: Pojawienie się pandemii SARS-CoV-2 wywarło duży wpływ na zdrowie somatyczne i psychiczne wielu osób. W tym artykule przedstawiamy opis przypadku chorego, u którego wystąpił pierwszy epizod ciężkiej depresji z objawami psychotycznymi powiązanymi z pandemią COVID-19.
Opis przypadku: 59-letni mężczyzna dotychczas nie leczony psychiatrycznie został przyjęty do całodobowego oddziału psychiatrycznego z powodu epizodu ciężkiej depresji z objawami psychotycznymi. Od marca 2020 roku obserwowano stopniowe pogorszenie stanu psychicznego w postaci głębokiego obniżenia nastroju, anhedonii i braku energii. Pomimo braku infekcji ani narażenia na chorobę zakaźną objawom tym towarzyszyło urojeniowe przekonanie o zakażeniu wirusem SARS-CoV-2 oraz o stanowieniu źródła dalszej transmisji poprzez korzystanie z toalety lub wychodzenie z domu. Somatycznie leczony z powodu choroby Hashimoto a ostatnio u chorego rozpoznano chłoniaka, którego diagnostyka została przerwana w związku z pandemią.
W farmakoterapii zastosowano wenlafaksynę 150 mg/d, mirtazapinę 45 mg/d oraz olanzapinę do 20 mg/d i risperydon do 6 mg/d. Nie obserwowano objawów ubocznych stosowanego leczenia. Pacjent osiągnął pełną poprawę za wyjątkiem nieznacznie stłumionej zdolności odczuwania przyjemności, drobnych problemów z koncentracją oraz sporadycznych pesymistycznych myśli.
Omówienie: Rekomendacje dotyczące utrzymywania dystansu społecznego wywierają szczególne brzemię psychologiczne związane z poczuciem wyobcowania oraz negatywnych emocji, które mogą przyczyniać się do powstania objawów depresyjnych. Analiza psychologicznych mechanizmów związanych z pandemią oraz wprowadzonymi restrykcjami ma znaczenie dla ograniczenia negatywnego wpływu światowego kryzysu na indywidualny dobrostan psychiczny.
Wnioski: W przedstawionym przypadku interesujący jest wpływ globalnego niepokoju oraz jego wbudowanie w rozwijające się objawy psychopatologiczne. Biopsychospołeczne okoliczności rozwoju epizodu zaburzenia afektywnego mogą kształtować nie tylko jego przebieg, ale również treść.
Cardiovascular factors in dementia
Authors: Bidzan Leszek
Published: December 2022

Streszczenie
Zaburzenia dementywne dotykające znaczną część populacji w wieku podeszłym stają się jednym z najważniejszych problemów zdrowotnych. Jednocześnie u osób z otępieniem stwierdza się znacząco częstsze występowanie schorzeń towarzyszących. Szczególne znaczenie przypisuje się czynnikom sercowo – naczyniowym. Wykazano znaczenie nieprawidłowości w zakresie ciśnienia tętniczego, gospodarki lipidowej oraz węglowodanowej dla tempa deterioracji poznawczej u osób w wieku podeszłym. Dotyczyło to zarówno zaburzeń poznawczych pierwotnie uwarunkowanych procesami naczyniowymi jak i zwyrodnieniowymi (np. choroby Alzheimera). Obserwuje się wyraźną współzależność pomiędzy patologią naczyniową a procesami zwyrodnieniowymi mózgowia. Okres życia, w którym dochodzi do ekspozycji na czynniki sercowo – naczyniowe wydaje się odgrywać kluczową rolę. Najlepiej udokumentowane zależności dotyczą wieku średniego. W okresie starzenia się ich znaczenie jako czynników przyśpieszających progresję zaburzeń poznawczych wydaje się zmniejszać, zwłaszcza w grupie otępień typu Alzheimera. Badania nad znaczeniem współchorobowości w procesach otępiennych mogą mieć doniosłe znaczenie dla opracowania programów terapeutyczno – profilaktycznych demencji.
A Splicing Approach to Best Subset of Groups Selection
Authors: Zhang Yanhang , Zhu Junxian , Zhu Jin , Wang Xueqin
Published: December 2022

Best subset of groups selection (BSGS) is the process of selecting a small part of nonoverlapping groups to achieve the best interpretability on the response variable. It has attracted increasing attention and has far-reaching applications in practice. However, due to the computational intractability of BSGS in high-dimensional settings, developing efficient algorithms for solving BSGS remains a research hotspot. In this paper, we propose a group-splicing algorithm that iteratively detects the relevant groups and excludes the irrelevant ones. Moreover, coupled with a novel group information criterion, we develop an adaptive algorithm to determine the optimal model size. Under certain conditions, it is certifiable that our algorithm can identify the optimal subset of groups in polynomial time with high probability. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our methods by comparing them with several state-of-the-art algorithms on both synthetic and real-world data sets.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms-Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72171216, 71921001, and 71991474], the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong [Grant 2019B020228001], the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China [Grant 202002030129], The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China [Grant 22XNH161], and the Outstanding Graduate Student Innovation and Development Program of Sun Yat-Sen University [Grant 19lgyjs64].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and video are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1241 .
Optimal Enrollment in Late-Stage New Drug Development with Learning of Drug’s Efficacy for Group-Sequential Clinical Trials
Authors: Tian Zhili , Hazen Gordon B. , Li Hong
Published: December 2022

Problem definition: The cost for developing a new drug ranged from $1 billion to more than $2 billion between 2010 and 2019. In addition to high development costs, the efficacy of the candidate drug, patient enrollment, the market exclusivity period (MEP), and the planning horizon are uncertain. Moreover, slow enrollment leads to increased costs, canceled clinical trials, and lost potential revenue. Many firms, hoping to detect efficacy versus futility of the candidate drug early to save development costs, plan interim analyses of patient-response data in their clinical trials. Academic/practical relevance: The problem for optimizing patient-enrollment rates has an uncertain planning horizon. We developed a continuous-time dynamic programming (DP) model with learning of a drug’s efficacy and MEP to assist firms in developing optimal enrollment policies in their clinical trials. We also established the optimality equation for this DP model. Through a clinical trial for testing a cancer drug developed by a leading pharmaceutical firm, we demonstrate that our DP model can help firms effectively manage their trials with a sizable profit gain (as large as $270 million per drug). Firms can also use our model in simulation to select their trial design parameters (e.g., the sample sizes of interim analyses). Methodology: We update a drug’s efficacy by Bayes’ rules. Using the stochastic order and the likelihood-ratio order of distribution functions, we prove the monotonic properties of the value function and an optimal policy. Results: We established that the value of the drug-development project increases as the average response from patients using the candidate drug increases. For drugs having low annual revenue or a strong market brand or treating rare diseases, we also established that the optimal enrollment policy is monotonic in the average patient response. Moreover, the optimal enrollment rate increases as the variance of the MEP decreases. Managerial implications: Firms can use the properties of the value function to select late-stage clinical trials for their drug-development project portfolios. Firms can also use our optimal policy to guide patient recruitment in their clinical trials considering competition from other drugs in the marketplace.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1162 .
Developmental endothelial locus-1 attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis in tenocytes through the AMPK/autophagy-mediated suppression of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Park Tae Jun , Park Seung Yeon , Cho Wonjun , Oh Heeseung , Lee Hyun Jung , Abd El-Aty A. M. , Bayram Cemil , Jeong Ji Hoon , Jung Tae Woo
Published: December 2022

Aims

Myokine developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) has been documented to alleviate inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in various cell types. However, the effects of DEL-1 on inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in tenocytes remain unclear.

Methods

Human primary tenocytes were cultured in palmitate (400 μM) and palmitate plus DEL-1 (0 to 2 μg/ml) conditions for 24 hours. The expression levels of ER stress markers and cleaved caspase 3, as well as phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and autophagy markers, were assessed by Western blotting. Autophagosome formation was measured by staining with monodansylcadaverine, and apoptosis was determined by cell viability assay and caspase 3 activity assay.

Results

We found that treatment with DEL-1 suppressed palmitate-induced inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in human primary tenocytes. DEL-1 treatment augmented LC3 conversion and p62 degradation as well as AMPK phosphorylation. Moreover, small interfering RNA for AMPK or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, abolished the suppressive effects of DEL-1 on inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in tenocytes. Similar to DEL-1, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, also attenuated palmitate-induced inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in tenocytes, which 3-MA reversed.

Conclusion

These results revealed that DEL-1 suppresses inflammation and ER stress, thereby attenuating tenocyte apoptosis through AMPK/autophagy-mediated signalling. Thus, regular exercise or administration of DEL-1 may directly contribute to improving tendinitis exacerbated by obesity and insulin resistance. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(12):854–861.
Molecular crosstalk between articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Maochun , Tan Guihua , Jiang Huiming , Liu Anlong , Wu Rui , Li Jiawei , Sun Ziying , Lv Zhongyang , Sun Wei , Shi Dongquan
Published: December 2022

Aims

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease worldwide, which is characterized by articular cartilage lesions. With more understanding of the disease, OA is considered to be a disorder of the whole joint. However, molecular communication within and between tissues during the disease process is still unclear. In this study, we used transcriptome data to reveal crosstalk between different tissues in OA.

Methods

We used four groups of transcription profiles acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone, to screen differentially expressed genes during OA. Potential crosstalk between tissues was depicted by ligand-receptor pairs.

Results

During OA, there were 626, 97, 1,060, and 2,330 differentially expressed genes in articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment revealed that these genes were enriched in extracellular matrix and structure organization, ossification, neutrophil degranulation, and activation at different degrees. Through ligand-receptor pairing and proteome of OA synovial fluid, we predicted ligand-receptor interactions and constructed a crosstalk atlas of the whole joint. Several interactions were reproduced by transwell experiment in chondrocytes and synovial cells, including TNC- NT5E, TNC- SDC4, FN1- ITGA5, and FN1- NT5E. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation, the ligand expression of chondrocytes and synovial cells was upregulated, and corresponding receptors of co-culture cells were also upregulated.

Conclusion

Each tissue displayed a different expression pattern in transcriptome, demonstrating their specific roles in OA. We highlighted tissue molecular crosstalk through ligand-receptor pairs in OA pathophysiology, and generated a crosstalk atlas. Strategies to interfere with these candidate ligands and receptors may help to discover molecular targets for future OA therapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(12):862–872.
The prevalence and treatment of osteoporosis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and the levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover
Authors: Watanabe Naoto , Miyatake Kazumasa , Takada Ryohei , Ogawa Takahisa , Amano Yusuke , Jinno Tetsuya , Koga Hideyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi
Published: December 2022

Aims

Osteoporosis is common in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. It plays a substantial factor in the surgery’s outcome, and previous studies have revealed that pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis influences implant survival rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of and treatment rates for osteoporosis prior to THA, and to explore differences in osteoporosis-related biomarkers between patients treated and untreated for osteoporosis.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective study included 398 hip joints of patients who underwent THA. Using medical records, we examined preoperative bone mineral density measures of the hip and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and the medications used to treat osteoporosis at the time of admission. We also assessed the following osteoporosis-related biomarkers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b); total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (total P1NP); intact parathyroid hormone; and homocysteine.

Results

The prevalence of DXA-proven hip osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2.5) among THA patients was 8.8% (35 of 398). The spinal osteoporosis prevalence rate was 4.5% (18 of 398), and 244 patients (61.3%; 244 of 398) had osteopenia (-2.5 < T-score ≤ -1) or osteoporosis of either the hip or spine. The rate of pharmacological osteoporosis treatment was 22.1% (88 of 398). TRACP-5b was significantly lower in the osteoporosis-treated group than in the untreated group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is common in patients undergoing THA, but the diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis were insufficient. The lower TRACP-5b levels in the osteoporosis-treated group — that is, osteoclast suppression — may contribute to the reduction of the postoperative revision rate after THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(12):873–880.
Preoperative health-related quality of life is independently associated with postoperative mortality risk following total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Patton Robyn F. L. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: December 2022

Aims

The primary aim was to assess whether preoperative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was associated with postoperative mortality following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and knee arthroplasty (KA). Secondary aims were to assess whether patient demographics/comorbidities and/or joint-specific function were associated with postoperative mortality.

Methods

Patients undergoing THA (n = 717) and KA (n = 742) during a one-year period were identified retrospectively from an arthroplasty register. Patient demographics, comorbidities, Oxford score, and EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) were recorded preoperatively. Patients were followed up for a minimum of seven years and their mortality status was obtained. Cox regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding.

Results

During the study period, 111 patients (15.5%) undergoing THA and 135 patients (18.2%) undergoing KA had died at a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (7 to 8). When adjusting for confounding, the preoperative EQ-5D was associated with postoperative mortality, and for each 0.1 difference in the utility there was an associated change in mortality risk of 6.7% (p = 0.048) after THA, and 6.8% (p = 0.047) after KA. Comorbidities of connective tissue disease (p ≤ 0.026) and diabetes (p ≤ 0.028) were associated with mortality after THA, whereas MI (p ≤ 0.041), diabetes (p ≤ 0.009), and pain in other joints (p ≤ 0.050) were associated with mortality following KA. The preoperative Oxford score was associated with mortality, and for each one-point change in the score there was an associated change in mortality risk of 2.7% (p = 0.025) after THA and 4.3% (p = 0.003) after KA.

Conclusion

Worse preoperative HRQoL and joint specific function were associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality. Both HRQoL and joint-specific function decline with longer waiting times to surgery for THA and KA and therefore may result in an increased postoperative mortality risk than would have been expected if surgery had been undertaken earlier. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(12):933–940.
Estimation of the full shape of the crystalline lens in-vivo from OCT images using eigenlenses
Authors: Martínez-Enríquez Eduardo , Curatolo Andrea , de Castro Alberto , Birkenfeld Judith S. , González Ana M. , Mohamed Ashik , Ruggeri Marco , Manns Fabrice , Fernando Zvietcovich , Marcos Susana
Published: December 2022

Quantifying the full 3-D shape of the human crystalline lens is important for improving intraocular lens power or sizing calculations in treatments of cataract and presbyopia. In a previous work we described a novel method for the representation of the full shape of theex vivocrystalline lens calledeigenlenses, which proved more compact and accurate than compared state-of-the art methods of crystalline lens shape quantification. Here we demonstrate the use ofeigenlensesto estimate the full shape of the crystalline lensin vivofrom optical coherence tomography images, where only the information visible through the pupil is available. We compare the performance ofeigenlenseswith previous methods of full crystalline lens shape estimation, and demonstrate an improvement in repeatability, robustness and use of computational resources. We found thateigenlensescan be used to describe efficiently the crystalline lens full shape changes with accommodation and refractive error.
The Effect of Water in the Quantitation of Hemoglobin Concentration in a Tissue-Like Phantom by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Franceschini Maria Angela , Fantini Sergio , Cerussi Albert , Barbieri Beniamino , Chance Britton , Gratton Encico
Published: December 2022

We have investigated the contribution of water in the quantitative determination of hemoglobin concentration and saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy in turbid media. Our study consists of in vitro measurements on an aqueous suspension containing Liposyn, bovine blood, and yeast, buffered at pH 7.2. The optical coefficients of the medium (μ
a
,~0.03-0.08 cm−1, μ
s

′
~0 cm−1) match those of biological tissue in the near-infrared, and the hemoglobin concentration (23 μM) is also similar to that found in tissues. We were able to reversibly saturate and desaturate hemoglobin in the full range O-100% by flowing either oxygen or nitrogen through the medium. We found that water absorption must be taken into account to obtain accurate results of hemoglobin concentration and saturation. However, for the two wavelengths employed in this study (715 and 825 nm), the water correction has a small effect on deoxy-hemoglobin concentration, and on hemoglobin saturation in the high saturation limit. Oxy-hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin saturation in the low saturation limit are the parameters most sensitive to water correction.
Rapid Analysis of Fluorescence Quenching of FITC Conjugated Antibodies on Individual Cells by Phase-Sensitive Flow Cytometry
Authors: Deka C. , Lehnert B. E. , Lehnert N. M. , Jones G. M. , Sklar L. A. , Steinkamp J. A.
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a high speed method to analyze the impact of self-quenching on fluorescence lifetimes in individual cells by phase-sensitive flow cytometry, using a model system consisting of FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) labeled antimouse Thy 1.2 antibodies bound to murine thymus cells.
Measurements of the optical properties of tissue in conjunction with photodynamic therapy
Authors: Nilsson Annika M. K. , Berg Roger , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: December 2022

Abstract not available
Conformational Structures of Dye-Oligonucleotides Studied by Satellite Holes
Authors: Chang Ta-Chau , Chiang Chien-Chih , Peck Konan
Published: December 2022

The spectral features of satellite holes in nonphotochemical hole burned spectra provide a promising method to identify different conformational structures of chromophore-oligonucleotides. Different hole burned spectra are observed when a 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-l,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionic acid, succinimidyl ester (BODIPY) molecule is chemically bound to oligonucleotides of different base compositions, implying that different conformational structures exist among them. The study of satellite holes reveals that the conformational structure of BODIPY-oligonucleotide complexes can be described by the degree of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the BODIPY and oligonucleotides. In addition, the most possible number of the nucleic acid base in the sequence of oligonucleotide to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with BODIPY can be determined by the study of satellite holes.
Fluorescence-lifetime determination in tissues or other scattering media from measurement of excitation and emission kinetics
Authors: Hutchinson Christina L. , Troy Tamara L. , Sevick-Muraca Eva M.
Published: December 2022

Full-text article not available.
Single-Fiber Optical Probe for Two-Photon Induced Fluorescence of Biological Markers
Authors: Obeidat A. T. , Kaplan A. E. , Khurgin J. B. , Stem M. D.
Published: December 2022

The use of fluorescent dyes which can be attached to specific cellular components as biological markers has become a well- established biomedical technique in recent years [1]. When optically stimulated, these dyes emit a characteristic fluorescence, enabling the structure and organization of the stained sample to be readily studied and visualized by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy [2]. Moreover, some dyes exhibit enhanced fluorescence if attached to certain biological molecules. For instance, 4’,6- diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) exhibits such enhanced fluorescence when attached to the AT base pairs on a DNA strand [3], Such properties are useful for mapping DNA structure or identifying the presence of particular molecules in a sample.
Effect of absorption oscillation of resonant radiation observed in a compact installation for hyper-polarization of 129Xe
Authors: Radnatarov Daba , Kobtsev Sergey
Published: December 2022

This work presents the discovery and study of a new, to the best of our knowledge, effect of oscillation of resonant radiation absorption in optical cells with rubidium vapor in the presence of xenon and nitrogen inside an installation for xenon polarization by spin-exchange optical pumping. This effect was observed at temperatures of 100°C–130°C, partial xenon pressure exceeding 100 kPa, total gas mix pressure of 400 kPa, and power of broad-band (

Δ
λ
=

∼
2

n
m

) laser radiation over 2 W. The highest registered magnitude of power oscillations of the transmitted radiation exceeded 20%, the oscillation period depending on the temperature and lying in the range of 4.8–7 s. The conducted measurements of the parameters of the transmitted radiation lead to the conclusion that the discovered effect is related to concentration oscillations of the atomic rubidium vapor, which probably arises due to cyclic dimerization of rubidium or an oscillating continuous chemical reaction of rubidium and the optical cell contents.
Single-pixel imaging using discrete Zernike moments
Authors: Lai Wenchang , Lei Guozhong , Meng Qi , Shi Dongfeng , Cui Wenda , Ma Pengfei , Wang Yan , Han Kai
Published: December 2022

A novel single-pixel imaging (SPI) technique based on discrete orthogonal Zernike moments is proposed. In this technique, the target object is illuminated by two sets of Zernike basis patterns which satisfy the Zernike polynomials. The Zernike moments of object image are obtained by measuring the reflected light intensities through a single-pixel detector. And the object image is reconstructed by summing the product of Zernike polynomials and detected intensities iteratively. By theoretical and experimental demonstrations, an image with high quality is retrieved under compressive sampling. Moreover, the Zernike illuminating patterns are used for object classification due to the rotation invariant of Zernike moments. By measuring the amplitudes of a few specific Zernike moments through the SPI system, the rotated images with different angles and the same content are classified into the same class on experiment. This classification technique has the advantages of high efficiency and high accuracy due to the high modulation speed and high sensitivity of SPI system.
400Gb/s real-time coherent PON based on a silicon photonic integrated transceiver
Authors: Li Ming , Li Jie , Luo Ming , Hu Rong , Zhang Xu , Zhang Honggang , Chen Daigao , Shen Qiongxia , Li Xiang , Xiao Xi
Published: December 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the real-time 100/200/400 Gb/s/λ coherent passive optical networks (PONs) based on silicon photonic integrated transceiver. We investigate different configuration schemes of coherent PONs including: (1) using a Erbium doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) as a booster at the transmitter side; (2) using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a booster at the transmitter side; (3) using EDFA at the transmitter side and a pre-amplified SOA at receiver side; (4) using an SOA at the transmitter side and an SOA at the receiver side. The performance of these schemes for different data rates of downstream transmission is evaluated, and the appropriate choices under different circumstances are analyzed. The real-time experimental results indicate that the EDFA can be replaced by SOA as a booster at the transmitter side in 100/200 Gb/s/λ coherent PON based on the dual-polarization QPSK (DP-QPSK) scheme with a small performance penalty. In dual-polarization a 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) 400 G/s/λ PON system, EDFA booster is preferred because an SOA introduces more nonlinearity for the 16QAM scheme. The power budget of 32.5 dB is achieved for 400 Gb/s/λ coherent PON after the 20 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission under the soft-decision feedforward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold.
High-speed tunable optical absorber based on a coupled photonic crystal slab and monolayer graphene structure
Authors: Pan Mingsen , Liu Aaron , Liu Zhonghe , Zhou Weidong
Published: December 2022

Reconfigurable metasurfaces have been pursued intensively in recent years for the ability to modulate the light after fabrication. However, the optical performances of these devices are limited by the efficiency, actuation response speed and mechanical control for reconfigurability. In this paper, we propose a fast tunable optical absorber based on the critical coupling of resonance mode to absorptive medium and the plasma dispersion effect of free carriers in semiconductor. The tunable absorber structure includes a single-layer or bi-layer silicon photonic crystal slab (PCS) to induce a high-Q optical resonance, a monolayer graphene as the absorption material, and bottom reflector to remove transmission. By modulating the refractive index of PCS via the plasma dispersion of the free carrier, the critical coupling condition is shifted in spectrum, and the device acquires tuning capability between perfect absorption and total reflection of the incident monochromatic light beam. Simulation results show that, with silicon index change of 0.015, the tunable absorption of light can achieve the reflection/absorption switching, and full range of reflection phase control is feasible in the over coupling region. The proposed reconfigurable structure has potential applications in remote sensing, free-space communications, LiDAR, and imaging.