bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fortificaciones tardoantiguas en la frontera entre suevos y visigodos
Authors: SASTRE BLANCO JOSÉ CARLOS
Published: November 2024

Las investigaciones arqueológicas han puesto de manifiesto una importante red de poblados fortificados situados en torno al valle del río Esla. Estos asentamientos van a permitir a sus pobladores disponer de un control del territorio y de los recursos circundantes, ofreciendo unas zonas de protección ante las posibles agresiones o amenazas. Muchos de estos asentamientos se localizan junto a vados en el río, que permiten establecer rutas de comunicación y rutas comerciales, tal y como evidencian los restos arqueológicos
Rediviva moenia. Nuevos datos sobre las murallas de Carthago Spartaria en época bizantina
Authors: VIZCAINO SANCHEZ JAIME , NOGUERA CELDRÁN JOSÉ MIGUEL , MADRID BALANZA MARÍA JOSÉ
Published: November 2024

Las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas en la cima del cerro del Molinete (arx Hasdrubalis) de Cartagena (Carthago Nova; Hispania citerior, conventus Carthaginiensis) entre 2010 y 2011 han descubierto parcialmente varias murallas sucesivas (púnica, romanorrepublicana, bizantina y moderna) construidas para defender la ciudad y el flanco septentrional de la acrópolis entre el siglo iii a. C. y el siglo xvi. Este trabajo se centra en la cinta protobizantina, que puede datarse a mediados del siglo vi, después de la conquista justinianea del sureste hispano. Desde un punto de vista arquitectónico, esta nueva fortificación se caracteriza por la reutilización de las murallas precedentes (púnica y romanorrepublicana), que están parcialmente recrecidas con materiales heterogéneos, en su mayoría también reutilizados. Hemos hallado dos muros longitudinales que están relacionados con distintas estancias. Se trata de una de las pocas evidencias sobre las fortificaciones protobizantinas en Spania. También estudiamos el depósito cerámico asociado, que incluye contenedores y otros recipientes orientales, baleáricos y, sobre todo, tunecinos, que muestran el acontecer diario de la ciudad durante la ocupación bizantina.
Planning Implications of the Effect of Crude Oil Pollution on Germination and Growth Parameters of Mucuna Pruriens (Var Cochinchinesis) Fabacea in Aluu Town, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors:   Institue of Geo-Science and Environmental Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Prince Ogboeli Goodluck , Ibama Brown ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Published: November 2024

The effect of varying concentrations of crude oil pollution on the germination and growth parameters of Mucuna pruriens (Var. cochinchinenesis) was investigated. The following treatments were used; 0ml, 100ml, 200ml, 400ml, 800ml 1600ml respectively. The germination of velvet bean was 100%, but growth was inhibited by a wide range of treatments (800ml and 1600ml). The lag phase of proceeding growth is also reduced at this treatment. Growth inhibition is attributed primarily to the characteristics of oil, which acts as a physical barrier to water and oxygen uptake. It was observed that the plants with the polluted treatments had reduced development and growth as against the non–polluted treatment (control) due to the toxic consequence of the crude oil on the geomorphological parameters (Number of leaves, leaf area, and plant height) tested for Velvet beans treated with lower treatment (100ml and 200ml) were observed to be more productive when compared to the control experiment. Consequently, as the crude oil exceeds the plant absorbing capacity at 800ml and 1600ml, respectively, the growth retards, chlorosis, presence of tough apical meristem, and defoliation from the base of the plant.
Güncel Bilgiler Işığında Karışmış DNA Örneklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors:   Adli Tıp Kurumu, Adalet Bakanlığı, Türkiye, Kınoğlu Kubilay , Kolusayın Özlem Melek ,   İstanbul Üniversitesi- Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adli Tıp Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Akyüz Fatih ,   İstanbul Üniversitesi- Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adli Tıp Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Published: November 2024

Birden fazla katılımcıdan materyal içeren karışık DNA örneklerinin yorumlanması, adli vaka çalışmalarında uzun süredir büyük bir zorluk olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak son birkaç yılda, karışık DNA örneklerinin analizinde olağanüstü ilerleme kaydedilmiş ve yaşanan gelişmeler, bu araştırma alanına ilginin artmasına neden olmuştur. Güçlü masif paralel dizileme (MPS) teknolojisinin yanı sıra, DNA’nın karışımlardan ayrılması ve çekitlenmesi için yeni yöntemlerin ortaya çıkması, tespit için yeni veya ortak olarak uygulanan genetik belirteçler ve kanıtların ağırlığını tahmin etmek için güvenilir yorumlama yaklaşımları, doğru analiz edilebilen karışık numune yelpazesini büyük ölçüde genişletmiştir. Bu yazıda, adli genetik alanına ilgi duyan gerek adli tıp hekimleri gerekse de biyoloji, kimya gibi farklı disiplinlerden uzmanlara konunun daha net anlaşılabilmesi için bir miktar yardım sağlamayı ve bu konuyu içeren daha fazla gelişmeyi teşvik etmeyi umarak, karışık DNA örneklerinin analizi alanındaki araştırma yaklaşımlarını ve ilerlemeleri özetledik.
Adli Bilimlerde Epigenetik
Authors:   Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Manisa, Türkiye, Korkmaz Mehmet , Değerli İsmail ,   Bursa Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığı, Biyoloji İhtisas Dairesi Bursa, Türkiye,   Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Manisa, Türkiye
Published: November 2024

Adli genetik, kısa sürede Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemini kullanarak, kısa tekrar dizilerinin (STR) amplifikasyonu aracılığı ile adli genetikte, altın standart haline geldi. STR metodolojisi ile birlikte bilgi içeriği genişlemiş ve genetik kimliklendirmenin güvenirliğini oldukça artırmıştır. Halihazırda, STR lokusları, suç mahalli materyalinden ve müşteki ile olası şüpheliden elde edilen STR profillerinin eşleşmesi aracılığıyla bağlantı kurarak araştırmaya yönelik ipuçları sağlayan DNA veri tabanlarının temelini oluşturur. Ancak, ülkemizde ve pek çok ülkede yasal mevzuatların da etkisiyle DNA veri bankaları henüz mevcut değildir. Bu nedenle, DNA parmak izinin başarısı, şüphelilerden elde edilen referans materyallerin varlığı ile sınırlıdır. Şüphelilerin tespit edilemediği faili meçhul olaylarda, suç mahallinde bulunan biyolojik materyallerden fenotipik özelliklerin tahmini yoluyla faile ulaşmayı kolaylaştırmak önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; adli epigenetik soruşturmanın seyrine önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Epigenetik, (DNA metilasyonu gibi) adli bilimlerde gelişmekte olan yeni bir alandır. Epigenetik modelle, yaş tahmini, tek yumurta ikizi ayrımı, sigara /alkol tüketimi ve vücut sıvısı tanımlama gibi çeşitli adli tıp araştırmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Adli bilimler multidisiplinerdir ve bu nedenle diğer birçok bilim dalı ile etkileşir.. Son yıllarda, özellikle DNA metilasyonunun yaşla ilişkili değişiklikleri bildiren yayınların sayısı artmaya devam etmektedir. Çevre, beslenme, kronik hastalık, genetik köken gibi çeşitli faktörler, metilasyon modellerini etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, adli vakaların kimliklendirilmesine aday epigenetik belirteçlerin kararlılığını ve güvenirliğini araştırmak oldukça önem kazanmaktadır.
Kriminal İncelemeler Kapsamında Adli Genetik Analizlerde Yaşanılan Sıkıntılar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors:   Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Adli Bilimler Bölümü, Kütahya, Türkiye, Yüksek Fatma Ebru , Yüksek Ufuk ,   Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Adli Bilimler Bölümü, Kütahya, Türkiye
Published: November 2024

Modern ceza adalet sisteminde “Delilden Sanığa Gitme” ilkesi temel alınarak soruşturmacının delillerden sanığa ulaşması vurgulanır. Bilimsel yöntemlerle incelenen delillerin oluşturduğu maddi gerçek ile olayın ispat edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu ilkenin gerçekleşebilmesi için deliller ile sanık arasında bağlantı kurulması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde sanık hakkında hüküm verilemez. Olay mahaline giden ilk ekip, olay yerini korur ve kontaminasyonu önler. Sağlık ekipleri, gerek bulgular ile mukayese amaçlı gerekse cinsel saldırı vakalarından delil elde etmek amaçlı şahıslardan biyolojik örnekler alır. Bu süreçte yaşanan bazı aksaklıkları gidermek için ilk ekibi ile sağlık ekiplerinin bu alandaki eğitimlerine önem verilmelidir. Olay yeri inceleme personellerinin tespit ettiği bulguların kalitesi vakayı aydınlatmada bel kemiği rolü üstlenir. Başarı, kişisel yeteneklere dayanmamalı, kurumsal standartlara bağlanmalıdır. Delil toplama ve transferindeki hatalar kanıtların değerini düşürebilir, zaman kaybına ve hukuki gecikmelere neden olabilir. Adli genetik laboratuvarları, uluslararası standartlara uygun olarak suç tespiti ve ispatına hizmet vermektedir. Laboratuvarların akredite olması, raporların bilimsel ve güvenilir olmasını göstererek hizmetin kalitesini kanıtlar. Uzmanlar, “TSE EN ISO/IEC 17025” standartlarına göre eğitilmeli ve çalışmalıdır. Gerek olay yeri gerekse laboratuvarlarındaki uzmanların eğitim ve tecrübesi uzun bir sürece dayandığından kriminal hafızanın zayıflamaması için kurum içi önlemler alınmalıdır
PEMANFAATAN VIDEO SYUKURAN ADAT PADA PERMAINAN KUDA LUMPING UNTUK MENANAMKAN NILAI BUDAYA SOSIAL PADA SISWA KELAS IV PEMBELAJARAN IPAS
Authors: SAPUTRA TITUS HENDRA , LIAN BUKMAN , ARYANINGRUM KIKI
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research is to determine how the traditional thamksgiving video in the kuda lumping performance is utilized to instill social cultural values in fourth-grade students during IPAS (Integrated Science and Social Studies) lessons at SD Negeri 1 Makarti Jaya. The method employed in this rasearch is qualitative, with data collection techniques involving tests and interviews. The results from the test data and interview data indicate that the application of the traditional thanksgiving video in IPAS lessons for fourth-grade students is categorized as good, with an average score of 80.
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya bagaimanakah pemanfaatan video syukuran adat pada permainan kuda lumping untuk menanamkan nilai budaya sosial kelas IV pembelajaran IPAS di SD Negeri 1 Makarti Jaya .Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tenik tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian data tes dan data wawancara membuktikan bahwa penerapan video syukuran adat dalam pembelajaran IPAS pada siswa kelas IV dikategorikan baik dengan rata-rata 80.
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA PENDIDIK DI MA BUSTANUL ULUM JAYASAKTI LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: GUNAWAN MUMAMAD RIFKI , HADIATI ETI , AYU SOVIA MAS
Published: November 2024

In the era of globalization, education is the main pillar in community development, including in Indonesia. The development of human resources (HR) in educational institutions is very important to improve the quality of education and overcome the challenges of the times. This research aims to analyze the development of educational resources at Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti, Central Lampung. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with case studies, involving in-depth interviews, direct observation and document analysis. The research results show that MA Bustan Ulum implements strategic development planning through three curricula government curriculum, Gontor Islamic boarding school, and Salaf Islamic boarding school which provides comprehensive understanding to educators. In addition, school initiatives to increase productivity and career opportunities for educators through training programs, although still limited, demonstrate commitment to human resource development. The results of this research enrich understanding of best practices in human resource development and can be used as a model for other educational institutions in their efforts to improve the quality of education in a sustainable manner.
ABSTRAKDalam era globalisasi, pendidikan menjadi pilar utama dalam pembangunan masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) di lembaga pendidikan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan mengatasi tantangan zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan sumber daya pendidik di Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti, Lampung Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus, melibatkan wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MA Bustan Ulum menerapkan perencanaan pengembangan yang strategis melalui tiga kurikulum kurikulum pemerintah, pesantren Gontor, dan pesantren salaf yang memberikan pemahaman komprehensif kepada pendidik. Selain itu, inisiatif sekolah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan peluang karir pendidik melalui program pelatihan, meskipun masih terbatas, menunjukkan komitmen terhadap pengembangan SDM. Hasil penelitian ini memperkaya pemahaman tentang praktik terbaik dalam pengembangan SDM dan dapat dijadikan model bagi lembaga pendidikan lainnya dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan secara berkelanjutan.
The effect of different doses of estradiol benzoate on follicle development and twin birth in beef cattle with induced superovulation
Authors: Zeng Weibin , An Lei , Wang Yanping , Gu Xinli , Qin Yusheng , Tian Jianhui
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) on inhibiting the development of non-dominant follicles and inducing twin calves in beef heifers. Beef heifers were synchronized using estradiol plus progesterone (P4), and superovulation was induced using a small-dose follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) protocol. From day 6.5 to day 7.5, every heifer was treated with 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg EB three times at 12 h intervals to eliminate excess dominant follicles. The diameters of the two largest follicles (F1 and F2) continually increased from day 3.5 to day 10. However, the growth rate was constrained by exogenous EB, and the degree of suppression was greatest in the 0.5 mg EB treatment compared with other treatments. As a result, the number of large follicles (≥10 mm) decreased as the EB dose increased. Compared with the control treatment, the incidence of animals experiencing triple ovulation was significantly lower in the 0.5 mg EB treatment; however, the single-ovulation rate showed the inverse. This study demonstrated that 0.2 mg EB could modulate the development of two to three co-dominant follicles after a small-dose FSH treatment. The number of twin births was higher in the 0.2 mg EB treatment.
Rapid quantitative analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor surface film using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry: a case study on phthalates
Authors: Zhou Ying , He Longkun , Tan Jiang , Zhou Jiang , Liu Yingjun
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has recently emerged as a promising approach for measuring semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) on indoor surface films. However, its broader application in indoor environments is limited by low measurement repeatability and no separation of isomers. Herein we developed a sampling suite of indoor surface films for DART-MS analysis, optimized settings of DART to obtain higher analytical performance, and demonstrated the possibility of separating isomeric compounds using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two pairs of isomeric phthalate esters, including di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), were used as examples for method optimization and validation. Under optimized conditions, the instrument responses for all four compounds exhibited good linearity (r>0.992) and acceptable repeatability (intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) < 11.0 %). The limits of quantification for the four phthalate esters ranged from 0.042 to 0.24 ng cm−2. The uncertainty in the separation of isomeric components using MS/MS was < 11.4 %, which is acceptable for real sample analysis. To further assess the developed method, we analyzed 10 film samples collected side by side in an occupied office. DnOP was not detected. The RSD among samples was 6.1 % for DEHP, 4.6 % for DnBP, and 10.4 % for DiBP, indicating the overall good repeatability of the collection and measurement method developed. With improved performance, the developed method increases the feasibility of the DART-MS technique for monitoring the dynamics of chemical composition of indoor surface films.
Age and formation of the presumed Late Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene Mühlbach formation, High Rhine Valley, southwest Germany
Authors: Fülling Alexander , Graf Hans Rudolf , Hofmann Felix Martin , Mueller Daniela , Preusser Frank
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The drainage system of the Swiss Alps shifted from an eastward (Danubian) to a westward (Rhenian) direction during the Late Pliocene. Since then, the High Rhine Valley has acted as the major drainage path during both ice-free and glaciated periods in the past. The Mühlbach formation comprises the patchy remains of carbonate-free sediments that have been interpreted as an equivalent of Sundgau gravel. The Sundau gravel reflects remains of fluvial deposits related to the Late Pliocene drainage of the northern Swiss Alps through the Burgundian Gate towards the Bresse–Rhône Graben. However, the limited data available characterising the Mühlbach formation have led to opposing interpretations regarding its origin and age. Presented here are new data on the distribution and physical appearance of the formation, together with luminescence dating of deposits from the type locality. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses imply that the various deposits assigned to the Mühlbach formation do not represent a genetically coherent formation. In addition, consistent results of quartz and feldspar luminescence dating place deposition of sediments at the type locality at ca. 55 ka. This dates their deposition to the end of a pronounced cold period during the Late Pleistocene that has been shown to be characterised by slope processes at other sites. Altogether, the data presented imply that the Mühlbach formation is not uniform but rather comprised of mainly reworked weathered residues from different time periods.
The impact of regional-scale upper mantle heterogeneity on glacial isostatic adjustment in West Antarctica
Authors: Lucas Erica Margaret , Gomez Natalya , Wilson Terry
Published: November 2024

Abstract. West Antarctica is underlain by a laterally heterogenous upper mantle, with localized regions of mantle viscosity reaching several orders of magnitude below the global average. Accounting for 3-D viscosity variability in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) simulations has been shown to impact the predicted spatial rates and patterns of crustal deformation, geoid, and sea level changes in response to surface ice loading changes. Uncertainty in the viscoelastic structure of the solid Earth remains a major limitation in GIA modeling. To date, investigations of the impact of 3-D Earth structure on GIA have adopted solid Earth viscoelastic models based on global- and continental-scale seismic imaging, with variability at spatial length scales > 150 km. However, regional body-wave tomography shows mantle structure variability at smaller length scales (~50–100 km) in central West Antarctica. Here, we investigate the effects of incorporating smaller-scale lateral variability in upper mantle viscosity into 3-D GIA simulations. Lateral variability in upper mantle structure at the glacial drainage basin scale is found to impact GIA model predictions for modern and projected ice mass changes, especially in coastal regions that undergo rapid ice mass loss. Differences between simulations adopting upper mantle viscosity structure inferred from regional- versus coarser continental-scale seismic imaging are large enough to impact the interpretation of crustal motion observations and reach up to ~15 % of the total predicted sea level change during the instrumental record. Incorporating a strong transition from lower viscosities at the mouth of the Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers to higher viscosities in the interior of the glacier basins results in a ~10–20 % difference in predicted sea level change in the vicinity of the grounding line over the next ~300 years. These findings have a range of implications for the interpretation of geophysical observables and improving constraints on feedbacks between the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the solid Earth.
Influence of atmospheric variations in the polar stratosphere of the southern hemisphere during 2002–2022 on polar planetary wave activity
Authors: Tang Liang , Gu Sheng-Yang , Dou Xiankang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric planetary waves has long been studied, focusing on the equator and the middle and low latitudes. However, variation of polar planetary wave activity, especially temperature, temporal, and interannual variations of polar planetary waves, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we use MERRA-2 dataset to investigate the impact of atmospheric variations on polar planetary waves there during austral winter from 2002 to 2022. The temperature amplitude and wave periods of each polar planetary wave event were determined using 2-D least-squares fitting. Our results show that, as the zonal wavenumber increases, E1, E2, E3, and E4 occur earlier with weaker peak amplitudes and shorter wave periods. The phase velocities of E1, E2, E3 and E4 are similar to ~40 m/s in the polar atmosphere. In order to elucidate the variations in the observed polar planetary waves and its possible propagation and amplification mechanism, we carry out the diagnostic analyses with MERRA-2 reanalysis data from the surface up to ∼ 80 km. Results indicate that the polar planetary waves can be amplified in instability of the mesosphere ~50–60° S and the stratosphere ~70–80° S. The mean flow instability of the strong polar planetary wave during the austral winter mesosphere is greater than that of the weak wave. The selective generation, propagation, and amplification of planetary waves with varying zonal wavenumbers due to variations in background zonal winds in the polar atmosphere. The temperature amplitude of polar planetary wave correlates with solar activity F10.7. The correlation between zonal wavenumber, wave period, and phase velocity implies that polar planetary waves propagate as fixed-phase wave packets. These results can suggest that, the background atmospheric conditions in the polar regions play a crucial role in modulating the generation, propagation, and amplification of planetary waves. Overall, we analyze their dynamics variation of eastward planetary waves in the polar atmosphere during the 2002–2022 austral winter periods and statistically analyze the interannual variation.
Evaluation of high-intensity rainfall observations from personal weather stations in the Netherlands
Authors: Rombeek Nathalie , Hrachowitz Markus , Droste Arjan , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Accurate rainfall observations with a high spatial and temporal resolution are key for hydrological applications, in particular for reliable flood forecasts. However, rain gauge networks operated by regional or national environmental agencies are often sparse and weather radars tend to underestimate rainfall. As a complementary source of information, rain gauges from personal weather stations (PWSs), which have a network density 100 times higher than dedicated rain gauge networks in the Netherlands, can be used. However, PWSs are prone to additional sources of error compared to dedicated gauges, because they are generally not installed and maintained according to international guidelines. Here, we quantitatively compare rainfall estimates obtained from PWSs against rainfall recorded by automatic weather stations (AWSs) from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), over the 2018–2023 period, including a sample of 1760 individual rainfall events in the Netherlands. This sample consists of the 10 highest rainfall accumulations per season and accumulation interval (1, 3, 6 and 24 h) over a 6-year period. It was found that the average of a cluster of PWSs severely underestimate rainfall (around 36 % and 19 % for 1 h and 24 h intervals, respectively). Adjusting the data with the mean field bias correction factor of 1.24, as proposed by the PWSQC algorithm, reduces this underestimation to 21 % for 1 h intervals or almost reduces it to 0 for intervals of 3 h and longer. Largest correlation (0.83 and 0.83) and lowest coefficient of variation (0.15 and 0.18) were found during winter and autumn, respectively. We show that most PWSs are able to capture high rainfall intensities up to around 30 mm h-1, indicating that these can be utilized for applications that require rainfall data with with a spatial resolution on the order of kilometers, such as for flood forecasting in small, fast responding catchments. However, PWSs severely underestimate (on average more than 50 %) rainfall events with return periods exceeding 10 or 50 years (above approximately 30 mm h-1, which occurred in spring and summer. These underestimations are associated with large areal reduction factors, which can result in a reduction up to 17 % for 1 h events with a return period of 50 years. Additionally, this undercatch is likely due to the disproportional underestimation of tipping bucket rain gauges with increasing intensities. We recommend additional research on dynamic calibration of the tipping volumes to further improve this. Outliers during winter were likely caused by solid precipitation and can potentially be removed using a temperature module from the PWS.
A protocol for model intercomparison of impacts of marine cloud brightening climate intervention
Authors: Rasch Philip J. , Hirasawa Haruki , Wu Mingxuan , Doherty Sarah J. , Wood Robert , Wang Hailong , Jones Andy , Haywood James , Singh Hansi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. A modeling protocol (defined by a series of climate model simulations with specified model output) is introduced. Studies using these simulations are designed to improve the understanding of climate impacts using a strategy for climate intervention (CI) known as marine cloud brightening (MCB) in specific regions; therefore, the protocol is called MCB-REG (where REG stands for region). The model simulations are not intended to assess consequences of a realistic MCB deployment intended to achieve specific climate targets but instead to expose responses to interventions in six regions with pervasive cloud systems that are often considered candidates for such a deployment. A calibration step involving simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is first used to identify a common forcing, and then coupled simulations with forcing in individual regions and combinations of regions are used to examine climate impacts. Synthetic estimates constructed by superposing responses from simulations with forcing in individual regions are considered a means of approximating the climate impacts produced when MCB interventions are introduced in multiple regions. A few results comparing simulations from three modern climate models (CESM2, E3SMv2, and UKESM1) are used to illustrate the similarities and differences between model behavior and the utility of estimates of MCB climate responses that were synthesized by summing responses introduced in individual regions. Cloud responses to aerosol injections differ substantially between models (CESM2 clouds appear much more susceptible to aerosol emissions than the other models), but patterns in precipitation and surface temperature responses were similar when forcing is imposed with similar amplitudes in the same regions. A previously identified La Niña-like response to forcing introduced in the Southeast Pacific is evident in this study, but the amplitude of the response was shown to markedly differ across the three models. Other common response patterns were also found and are discussed. Forcing in the Southeast Atlantic consistently (across all three models) produces weaker global cooling than that in other regions, and the Southeast Pacific and South Pacific show the strongest cooling. This indicates that the efficiency of a given intervention depends on not only the susceptibility of the clouds to aerosol perturbations, but also the strength of the underlying radiative feedbacks and ocean responses operating within each region. These responses were generally robust across models, but more studies and an examination of responses with ensembles would be beneficial.
An updated aerosol simulation in the Community Earth System Model (v2.1.3): dust and marine aerosol emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Zhang Peng , Li Jie , Liu Yaman , Zhang Yanxu , Li Jiawei , Han Zhiwei
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Aerosols constitute important substance components of the Earth's atmosphere and have a profound influence on climate dynamics, radiative properties, and biogeochemical processes. Here we introduce updated emission schemes for dust, sea-salt, and marine primary organic aerosols (MPOA), as well as augmented secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation pathways within the Community Earth System Model (CESM; version 2.1.3). The modified dust emission scheme shifts the original hotspot-like dust emission to a more continuous distribution, improving the dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) simulations at stations in north Africa and central Asia. This update also reduces dust residence time from 4.1 to 1.6 d, enhancing concentration simulations downwind of dust source regions. For sea-salt emissions, we incorporate an updated sea surface temperature (SST) modulation and introduce a relative-humidity-dependent correction factor for sea-salt particle size, with SST having a significantly larger impact on sea-salt emissions (16.1 %) compared to the minor effect of humidity (−0.3 %). We then extend our modelling to incorporate emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (MPOA) as mixed externally with sea-salt aerosols, coupled offline with the ocean component Parallel Ocean Program (POP2). The results underscore the substantial influence of phytoplankton diversity on MPOA emissions, with 148 % variability simulated among different phytoplankton types, highlighting the role of biological variability in aerosol modelling. Furthermore, we refine the model's chemical mechanisms by including the irreversible aqueous uptake of dicarbonyl compounds as a new pathway for SOA formation, contributing an additional 37 % to surface SOA concentrations. These improvements enrich the ability of the CESM to use intricate linkages between different components of the Earth system, thereby enabling a more comprehensive description of natural aerosol emissions, chemical processes, and their impacts.
AI-based Validation of Deforestation Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Li Zhili , Xie Yiqun , Souza Jr. Carlos , Souza Filho Jailson Soares , Pinheiro Stefany
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Forests play an important role in the Earth systems for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, yet they have been increasingly disturbed by deforestation and forest degradation at an unprecedented pace. The Brazilian Amazon, for instance, experienced a 140% rise in deforestation from 2012 to 2020, with a record loss of 13,200 km2 between August 2020 and July 2021. Alarmingly, 87% of 2019 deforestation alerts occurred on private properties, with 61% in legally restricted areas. Existing deforestation monitoring systems, such as PRODES and the Global Forest Change dataset, use about 30m resolution satellite imagery, which is insufficient for operational validation at fine scales. The Deforestation Alert System by Imazon leverages high-resolution PlanetScope data (3-4m) but faces challenges due to fewer spectral bands and variations in reflectance values across different satellite sensors and dates. As a result, current validation is based mainly on manual inspection which is highly time-consuming. To address the challenges and automate the validation process, this work develops a system based on deep learning – known for its ability to capture complex texture patterns in high-resolution images – to inspect and confirm new deforestation sites. Specifically, the system takes inputs from potential deforestation sites suggested by coarse-resolution products and uses a pair of PlanetScope images before and after the change at each site to determine new deforestation (excluding existing deforestation). Our results demonstrate that the new system achieves robust and high-quality accuracy under various test conditions.
Environmental aspects of remote sensing for the classification of asbestos industry impact on the landscape changes in Cyprus
Authors: Wilk Ewa , Krówczyńska Małgorzata , Zagajewski Bogdan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The Industrial Revolution led to the commercial exploitation of asbestos in Cyprus. Cyprus has the second largest asbestos deposits in Europe, after Italy. Even though most of the extracted asbestos was exported, Cyprus had two operational asbestos manufacturing plants. Production increased steadily until 1980, with mining activities ending in 1988. These activities have left a significant mark on the environment. The key example of post-asbestos landscape in Cyprus is the opencast mine at Amiandos in the Limassol District, where large amounts of asbestos were mined. This has had a considerable impact on the natural environment and land use including the disposal of asbestos residues and asbestos-cement waste. Temporal analysis of land use changes from 1963 to 2014 reveals shifts in exploitation areas and vegetation cover. Though challenges persist, including asbestos-containing waste, efforts to restore vegetation in the mine area are evident. The evolution from sparse and undeveloped vegetation to a lush and diverse ecosystem is important for restoring ecological balance and restoring habitats for local fauna and flora. This research provides critical insights into the historical context, environmental impacts, and remediation efforts related to asbestos mining in Cyprus.
High Arctic late Paleocene and early Eocene dinoflagellate cysts
Authors: Sluijs Appy , Brinkhuis Henk
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Palynomorphs, notably sporomorphs and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, or “dinocysts”, are the only abundant microfossils consistently present in the sole available central Arctic upper Paleocene to lower Eocene sedimentary succession recovered at the central Lomonosov Ridge by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 (or the Arctic Coring Expedition, ACEX) in 2004, close to the North Pole. While the analysis and interpretation of a part of these assemblages have so far guided many major stratigraphic, climatological, and paleoenvironmental findings from ACEX, intrinsic details, notably of the dinocyst taxa and assemblages, have not yet been addressed. Here, we present new ACEX dinocyst data for the interval spanning the latest Paleocene to the earliest Eocene (∼56.5–53.8 Ma; cores 32X–27X) and integrate these with previous results. We develop a pragmatic taxonomic framework, document critical biostratigraphic events, and propose two new genera (Guersteinia and Sangiorgia) and seven new species (Batiacasphaera obohikuenobeae, Chaenosphaerula sliwinskae, Heterolaucacysta pramparoae, Pyxidinopsis iakovlevae, Sangiorgia pospelovae, Sangiorgia marretiae, and Spiniferella crouchiae). In addition, we interpret trends and aberrations in dinocyst assemblages in terms of variability in regional temperature, hydrology, and tectonism across the long-term and the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) global warming phases.
Modelling snowpack on ice surfaces with the ORCHIDEE land surface model: application to the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Maignan Fabienne , Ottlé Catherine , Raoult Nina , Fettweis Xavier , Conesa Philippe
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Current climate warming is accelerating mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets. In Greenland, the rates of mass changes are now dominated by changes in surface mass balance (SMB) due to increased surface melting. To improve the future sea-level rise projections, it is therefore critical to have an accurate estimate of the SMB, which depends on the representation of the processes occurring within the snowpack. The Explicit Snow (ES) scheme implemented in the land surface model Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) has not yet been adapted to ice-covered areas. Here, we present the preliminary developments we made to apply the ES model to glaciers and ice sheets. Our analysis mainly concerns the model's ability to represent ablation-related processes. At the regional scale, our results are compared to the MAR regional atmospheric model outputs and to MODIS albedo retrievals. Using different albedo parameterizations, we performed offline ES simulations forced by the MAR model over the 2000–2019 period. Our results reveal a strong sensitivity of the modelled SMB components to the albedo parameterization. Results inferred with albedo parameters obtained using a manual tuning approach present very good agreement with the MAR outputs. Conversely, with the albedo parameterization used in the standard ORCHIDEE version, runoff and sublimation were underestimated. We also tested parameters found in a previous data assimilation experiment, calibrating the ablation processes using MODIS snow albedo. While these parameters greatly improve the modelled albedo over the entire ice sheet, they degrade the other model outputs compared to those obtained with the manually tuned approach. This is likely due to the model overfitting to the calibration albedo dataset without any constraint applied to the other processes controlling the state of the snowpack. This underlines the need to perform a “multi-objective” optimization using auxiliary observations related to internal snowpack processes. Although there is still room for further improvements, the developments reported in the present study constitute an important advance in assessing the Greenland SMB with possible extension to mountain glaciers or the Antarctic ice sheet.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Sub sektor Makanan dan Minuman Periode 2020-2023)
Authors: Patriandari  , Maulida Safira
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas dan intensitas modal terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan menerbitkan laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan periode 2020-2023. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sehingga sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 17 perusahaan sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan total pengamatan 68 data selama 4 tahun pengamatan. Jenis sumber data menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil melalui website resmi www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan alat bantu software SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance dan intensitas modal berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap tax avoidance.
INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF LABORATORY SKILLS ON STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN ACID-BASE TITRATION IN OREDO LGA, EDO STATE
Authors: Okolafor O. V. , Omoifo C. N.
Published: November 2024

This study examined the influence of knowledge of laboratory skills, sex, and school ownership on students’ performance in acid-base titration in Oredo local Government Area, Edo State. Based on these, four research questions were raised and three were hypothesized and tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. A causal-comparative (expo-facto) research design was adopted as the research design for the study. The population for the study consists of all Senior Secondary School II chemistry students in public and private secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. A sample of three hundred and twenty-six (326) chemistry students were selected for this study through purposive random sampling techniques. An instrument titled ‘Laboratory Skills and Titration Performance Test in Acid-base Titration (LSPTT)’ was used to collect data from the students in the study. The questionnaire had a reliability coefficient of 0.831 using Cronbach Alpha Statistics while the performance test had a reliability coefficient of 0.760 using Kuder Richardson (KR-20), hence the instrument was deemed reliable. The data collected from the students were analyzed using, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression. The results from the study showed that observation, reading, and safety skills were predominantly used. The result from the study also showed that laboratory skills contributed to and influenced the performance of the students in acid-based titration, whereas, sex and school ownership did not influence the performance of the students. Based on the findings in the study, it was recommended that the teaching of laboratory skills in practical Chemistry should be prioritized to enable the students to perform successfully in their practical examinations.
Negative Problem Orientation and Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood The Mediating Roles of Optimism and Resilience
Authors: Avcı Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Understanding the role of problem orientation for wellbeing during emerging adulthood is crucial to assist this cohort in successfully navigating the challenges of the transitional period. In this context, the present study investigates the interplay between negative problem orientation (NPO), resilience, optimism, and wellbeing among emerging adults. For this cross-sectional study, NPO, optimism, resilience, and wellbeing scales were administered to a total of 355 emerging adults (77% female, Mage= 21.33, SD = 2.35). The results revealed that NPO both directly and indirectly predicted wellbeing through optimism. However, contrary to the common assumption about positive resilience outcomes, no significant mediating effects of resilience between NPO and wellbeing were observed. The study concludes with a discussion of the findings’ theoretical and practical implications.
Determination of the Optimum Moisture Content for the Whole Kernel Recovery During the Cracking Process of Oil Palm Nuts
Authors: E. O. Sam, , V. I. O. Ndirika, , A. T. Umoh, , G. A. Usoh, , E. O. Umoh,
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of moisture content on palm nut cracking and kernel production using a locally fabricated palm nut cracker. Palm nuts of mixed varieties (Dura, Tenera, and Pisifera) were manually cleaned and dried at different moisture content levels ranging from 8.53% to 26.82%. The palm nut cracker is designed with four major units: the in-feed unit, cracking unit, discharge unit and the driving unit. The cracking efficiency was determined by calculating the ratio of completely cracked nuts to the total nuts fed into the hopper. Results show that the whole kernel recovery varies considerably with moisture content and cracking speed. At the lowest moisture content of 8.58%, the whole kernel recovery is generally low across all the cracking speeds. As the moisture content increases, there is a significant improvement in whole kernel recovery at all the cracking speeds. The highest whole kernel recovery was obtained at intermediate moisture contents of around 14% to 18%, and the cracking speeds of 1000 rpm to 1400 rpm. The ANOVA table shows that both the cracking speed and moisture content have a significant effect on whole kernel recovery. Optimizing these parameters could lead to higher whole kernel recovery. However, it is important to note that other factors such as the cultivar of the nut and the equipment used may also affect the whole kernel recovery.
Judicial Oversight of Labour Arbitration Awards
Authors: E. C. Ibekwe,
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the scope and limitations of judicial oversight in labour arbitration awards, focusing on the balance between arbitration autonomy and the need for judicial intervention. The research addresses the central question: To what extent should courts intervene in arbitration awards in the labour sector? Through a doctrinal analysis of statutes, case law, and scholarly perspectives, the paper evaluates how judicial oversight impacts labour arbitration, particularly in Nigeria, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Findings indicate that while judicial intervention is essential to ensure fairness and compliance with public policy, excessive involvement can undermine the efficiency and finality of the arbitration process. The study concludes that an optimal balance between judicial oversight and the autonomy of arbitration is critical to maintaining a functional and just labour arbitration system.
¿Qué es un “bando”?
Authors: Dörner Santa María Diego José
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad, analizar y explicar de manera clara y sencilla, qué es un bando, cuál es su rango legal o normativo, quiénes lo pueden dictar, en qué circunstancias, a quiénes afecta y cómo opera una vez publicado y en vigencia.
El concepto de ley natural en la Relección del Derecho de Guerra de Francisco de Vitoria
Authors: Fernández Sandoval Javier
Published: November 2024

Muchas han sido las aproximaciones a la obra de Francisco de Vitoria. Desde multitud de prismas, se pretende interpretarlo (sea en el asunto que sea) como un precursor de la moderna ciencia jurídico-política, de inspiración racionalista. Sus aportaciones al campo del derecho natural no son una excepción. A partir del derecho de guerra, tema tratado específicamente por el autor, abordaremos las incorrecciones y abusos del asunto, que parten de asumir el derecho natural racionalista, renunciando, así, al derecho natural hispánico, clave de interpretación irrenunciable para nuestro estudio.
Interactive Stakeholder Dynamics in Affordable Housing Projects: A Non Linear Analysis
Authors: Mukesh Kumar Ruhela
Published: November 2024

The development of public housing in the form of public housing necessitates meticulous execution by 'stakeholders'. This study aims to identify and eliminate defects in the implementation of public housing rules that have a major influence on the fundamental goal of public housing or impede beneficiaries from receiving the benefits to which they are entitled. As a result, it is critical to analyse those characteristics or aspects in public housing at the implementation level. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (Urban) - Housing for All in India was supposed to finish in 2022, but due to a failure to fulfil targets, it has been extended until December 2024. Because stakeholders are primarily active in the Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) component of the PMAY-U, this study will concentrate solely on that component. The methodology included the Stakeholder Analysis (SA) method, which divides stakeholders into four groups, as well as a one-on-one discussion on independent stakeholders, resulting in the discovery of both single and many faces. The same stakeholder has different personalities in different jobs, but they all have the same goal in mind: meeting the PMAY targets. Ground reality is transitioning from a defined employment to a diverting function for a variety of reasons. Their institutional variance has a significant impact on the entire implementation process of the PMAY(U)-UP.