bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the digital archive of pathological reports of stomach cancer as internal quality control of coding according to the ICD-O system
Authors: Kit O. I. , Fomenko Yu. A. , Karnaukhov N. S. , Lapteva T. O. , Voloshin M. V. , Vakulenko G. Yu. , Bosenko S. Zh-P. , Suhar I. A. , Eremin K. S. , Kaminskij G. V. , Kuznecova M. A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study. Demonstrate the possibilities of statistical analysis of the digital archive at pathological department (PD). To conduct internal quality control of the coding of malignant tumors according to the ICD-O-3 system of pathology reports using the example of gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the digital archive of 368,157 pathology reports of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2000 to 2019. For the study, 4,857 pathology reports of patients operated for gastric malignancies (ICD-X codes: C16.0 – C16.9) were selected for the period from 2000 to 2019.

Results. The analysis of 368,157 protocols of the digital archive of PD revealed 4,614 malignant epithelial tumors of the stomach: tubular adenocarcinoma – 2,958, signet ring cell carcinoma – 791, undifferentiated cancer – 565, mucinous adenocarcinoma – 210, neuroendocrine neoplasia – 90. A significant increase in the ICD-O codes for "adenocarcinoma NOS" was found in 2018 and 2019. The pathology reports for these 2 years were reviewed by an independent pathologist and changes were made to the ICD-O codes according to the WHO classification digestive system tumors 2019. The adenocarcinoma NOS (8140/3) was replaced by the codes: tubular adenocarcinoma (ICD-O: 8211/3) – 41%, papillary adenocarcinoma (8260/3) – 9% and adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes (8255/3) – 29%.

Conclusion. The study, based on analysis of coding ICD-O stomach MN demonstrated the importance of digital archive at the PD, as a tool for rapid static analysis pathology reports and quality control of coding. The coding system can be the basis for large multicenter studies in oncology. Therefore, it is important to control the quality of coding of the pathology reports and to timely update the codes when new pathological classifications are released.
Preventive measures against development of breast cancer
Authors: Vykhristyuk Yu. V. , Roitberg G. E. , Dorosh J. V. , Karaseva N. V. , Akobova R. A.
Published: March 2021

According to Russian statistics, breast cancer ranks fi rst among malignant neoplasms among women (20.9%). The largest proportion of breast cancer cases is detected in women aged 35 to 55 years. Therefore, an urgent issue is not only the provision of specialized medical care to patients, but also the prevention of the development of the disease. Almost 70% of malignant neoplasms, including breast cancer, are provoked by exogenous factors. This article provides an overview of the literature on primary breast cancer prevention. It is established that a woman's lifestyle, diet, physical activity, and bad habits can have a potentiating effect on the development of breast cancer. Conclusions. Currently, breast cancer prevention plays a key role in the fi ght against this disease. middle-aged women (who account for the main peak of morbidity) should understand that by changing behavior, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. In addition, increasing women's awareness of breast cancer and its prevention can help reduce the incidence and fi nancial costs of treatment.
Commentary on the Zimbabwean People’s Response towards the Anticipated COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Chigevenga R
Published: March 2021

The Coronavirus disease which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has been and continues to claim lives worldwide. It created uncertainties and confusion even in the medical field with its mutations which created new variants which proved to be more dangerous than the original one in some parts of the world leading it to be more fatal in the second wave.
Potential Use of Quercetin as Protective Agent against Hydroxychloroquine Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Amer MG , Mohamed NM
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Quercetin (QCT) on Hydroxychloquine (HCQ)-induced myocardial affection in rats. HCQ has been found to produce toxic effects including cardiac manifestation. Adding QCT to HCQ ameliorates its effects and prevents cardiac manifestations. For this purpose, eighty adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 20). Group 1 (control) and group 2 (QCT-treated). Group 3 (HCQ treated) received 20 mg/kg of HCQ and group 4 (QCT + HCQ treated) received quercetin (50 mg/kg; orally) combined with HCQ for 4 weeks. Cardiac troponin-I and oxidative markers (Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total serum antioxidant) were estimated in serum. In addition, histopathological and morphometric changes of the rat heart were assessed. The HCQ treated group showed increased serum levels of cardiac troponin-I, MDA and decreased serum levels of total antioxidant. Pathological picture of myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration together with depleted cardiac tissue expression of troponin T were also observed. The characteristic features were presence of whorled myelin bodies and curvilinear bodies by EM examination. These parameters improved better in the group receiving combination of QCT together with HCQ. So, Adding QCT to HCQ could be prophylactic measure against its cardiotoxic effect compared with HCQ treatment alone.
Prospects and problems of using liquefied natural gas as fuel on river ships in the northern steaming line of Russia
Authors: Ivanov Lev V. , Soloviev Alexey V. , Rumiantcev Ernest V.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the prospects for the modernization of projects of ships operating in the water areas of the main Siberian rivers, for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the main type of fuel, as well as problems associated with the adaptation of existing ship designs. LNG is a cheap, energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly analogue of traditional diesel fuel (DF). Unification of adaptation projects for common types of main engines of ships from northern shipping companies will significantly reduce operating costs. Modernization problems are associated with the storage of fuel stock on ships. The lower density of LNG in comparison with diesel fuel, as well as the need to use a cryogenic fuel tank, reduces the autonomy of the ship's operation on LNG. The analysis carried out in the article showed that with modernization, the autonomy of navigation in terms of fuel reserves can decrease by 2 times
Сombined ships stability analysis at the stage of design study
Authors: Gulyaev Ilya A. Gulyaev , Ronnov Evgeniy P.
Published: March 2021

. A method of stability analysis for combined ship (oil carrier/platform ship type) at the stage of design study is presented. It should be noted that not all of ship’s main seaworthiness and operational characteristics are the result of a simple addition of the characteristics of an oil carrier and a platform ship. Their mutual influence takes place, which should be taken into account when analysing the stability in the multivariant optimization problems of internal and external design of such ships. This leads to the requirement to adjust the known methods of stability analysis at the initial stages of ship design, which was the purpose of the present work and its originality.

Taking into account the multivariance of the task and the hull design type, the stability assessment will be carried out through the analysis of the metacentric height extreme value on the assumption that the requirements of Russian River Register for admissible heeling angle at static wind effect are met. In order to account for nonlinearity of static stability curve when inclining up to the angles of deck immersion into water and emergence of bilge, it is suggested to apply an approximate method of metacentric radius determination.

The proposed method of combined ship stability assessment is recommended to apply at the stage of justification and analysis of ship’s key elements as a limitation in the problems of mathematical modeling of optimization of such type of ships. The method allows to exclude from further consideration at the design study stage the possible options that do not meet the requirements of seaworthiness.
NATAÇÃO INFANTIL: EFEITOS NA FASE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR: UMA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PAIS.
Authors: Alves Welyngton Fernando , Da Silva Kátia Ribeiro , Gonçalves João Paulo Saturno , Da Silva Giselle Martins
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo buscou identificar os benefícios da natação para o desenvolvimento motor infantil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo de cunho quali-quanti, com recorte transversal, onde inicialmente foi feito um apanhado bibliográfico sobre a temática em questão, com finalidade de dar subsídio metodológico para a pesquisa, em seguida aplicado um questionário junto aos pais de crianças de 3 a 7 anos praticantes de natação no sentido de que se perceberam mudanças no sistema motor dos filhos. A maioria dos pais disseram que houve melhora na coordenação motora geral dos filhos e com isso, podemos concluir que a natação proporciona evolução no aspecto motor das crianças nessa fase de desenvolvimento.
DİL EDİNİMİNDE ÖNE ÇIKAN KURAMLAR: ANALİTİK YAKLAŞIM
Authors: AKTAŞ Osman , YAQOOB Luay Hatem
Published: March 2021

Dil, hayatın bütün alanları ile ilgili bilgi edinmenin ve bireyler arası iletişimin sağlanmasında temel görevlerden birini yerine getiren en önemli araçlardan biridir. Herhangi bir toplumun gelenek ve göreneklerini öğrenmeyi sağlayan yollardan biri de dildir. Bilgi, duygu ve düşünceleri şekillendiren ve filozofların hikmet olarak isimlendirdikleri bilgeliğe ulaştıran unsurların en önemlilerinden biri dildir. Dil olmaksızın insanların bilimsel faaliyetleri sürdürmesi mümkün değildir. Çünkü dil, önceki kuşaklardan aktarılan bilimsel mirası sonraki kuşaklara aktaran önemli araçtır. Ayrıca zaman, bilimsel ve kültürel gerçeklik, dil olgusuna duyulan gereksinimi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bundan dolayı dil eğitimi ile ilgili ve dil ediniminin en etkili ve en iyi yollarına dair yapılan araştırmalar büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır.

Bu araştırma, dil edinimi ve dil öğretimi olgusuna ve bu iki olgu arasındaki farka değinmektedir. Ayrıca konusu dil edinimi olan en önemli kuramları, dil edinimi alanında araştırmaları bulunan dil felsefecilerinin bu konudaki görüşlerini de ele almaktadır.

Bu çalışma, en önemli dil edinimi kuramlarını bilimsel ve karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde sunmayı ve yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Dil edinimi kuramları arasında yapılacak karşılaştırmaların dil öğretimi ve dil edinimi alanına katkı sunacak çıkarımlar olması amaçlanmaktadır.
PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR ELEKTRONIK MULTIMEDIA BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL PADA TEMA DAERAH TEMPAT TINGGALKU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Lawe Yosefina Uge , Noge Maria Desidaria , Wede Edelbertus , Itu Irmina Marince
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada tema daerah tempat tinggalku pada siswa dengan menggunakan bahan ajar elktronik multimedia berbasis budaya lokal.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan desain Kemmis dan Taggart. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Linajawa objek dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan ajar elektronik multimedia berbasis budaya lokal untuk meningktakan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi belajar pada tema daerah tempat tinggalku. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripsi kualitatif dan deskripsi kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada siklus I dan siklus II diperoleh nilai kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas IV SDN Linajawa menerapkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bahan ajar tematik multimedia berbasis budaya lokal Ngada pada tema Daerah Tempat Tinggalku sebagai berikut. Pada siklus I diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 52, dengan rata-rata presentase sebesar 52% berada pada rentangan 50-65 dengan kriteria rendah. Siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 82,88, dengan rata-rata presentase sebesar 82,88%, berada pada rentangan 79-90 dengan kriteria tinggi. Pada penelitian ini telah terjadi peningkatan nilai kemapuan berpikir tingkat tinggi  pada siswa kelas IV SDN Linajawa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 30,88%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan ajar tematik elektronik berbasis budaya lokal Ngada  dapat meningkatkan nilai kemapuan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada siswa kelas IV SDN Linajawa, Kecamatan Golewa Barat Kabupaten Ngada.
What Produces Dust Polarization in the HH 212 Protostellar Disk at 878 μm: Dust Self-scattering or Dichroic Extinction?
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Yang Haifeng , Daniel Lin Zhe-Yu , Ching Tao-Chung , Lai Shih-Ping
Published: March 2021

We report the results of new dust polarization of a nearly edge-on disk in the HH 212 protostellar system, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at ∼0.035″ (14 au) resolution in a continuum at λ ∼ 878 μm. Dust polarization is detected within ∼44 au of the central source, where a rotationally supported disk has formed. The polarized emission forms V-shaped structures opening to the east, and probably to the west, arising from the disk surfaces and arm structures further away in the east and west, which could be due to potential spiral arms excited in the outer disk. The orientations of the polarization are mainly parallel to the minor axis of the disk, with some in the western part tilting slightly away from the minor axis to form a concave shape with respect to the center. This tilting of the orientations of the polarization is expected from dust self-scattering, e.g., by 50−75 μm grains in a young disk. The intensity and degree of the polarization both peak near the central source with a small dip at the central source and decrease toward the edges. These decreases in the intensity and degree of polarization are expected from dichroic extinction by grains aligned by poloidal fields, but may also be consistent with dust self-scattering if the grain size decreases toward the edges. It is possible that both mechanisms are needed to produce the observed dust polarization, suggesting the presence of both grain growth and poloidal fields in the disk.
Solving the Alhazen–Ptolemy Problem: Determining Specular Points on Spherical Surfaces for Radiative Transfer of Titan’s Seas
Authors: Miller William J. , Barnes Jason W. , MacKenzie Shannon M.
Published: March 2021

Given a light source, a spherical reflector, and an observer, where on the surface of the sphere will the light be directly reflected to the observer, i.e., where is the specular point? This is known as the Alhazen–Ptolemy problem and finding this specular point for spherical reflectors is useful in applications ranging from computer rendering to atmospheric modeling to GPS communications. Existing solutions rely upon finding the roots of a quartic equation and evaluating numerically which root provides the real specular point. We offer a formulation, and two solutions thereof, for which the correct root is predeterminable, thereby allowing the construction of the fully analytical solutions we present. Being faster to compute, our solutions should prove useful in cases that require repeated calculation of the specular point, such as Monte Carlo radiative transfer, including reflections off of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas.
The lichens of the Majella National Park (Central Italy): an annotated checklist
Authors: Gheza Gabriele , Di Nuzzo Luca , Vallese Chiara , Benesperi Renato , Bianchi Elisabetta , Di Cecco Valter , Di Martino Luciano , Giordani Paolo , Hafellner Josef , Mayrhofer Helmut , Nimis Pier Luigi , Tretiach Mauro , Nascimbene Juri
Published: March 2021

The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century. However, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. To provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by recent research.

The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. This checklist provides a baseline of the lichens known to occur in the Majella National Park, highlighting the potential of this area as a hotspot of lichen biodiversity, especially from a biogeographical point of view as indicated by the occurrence of several arctic-alpine species that form disjunct populations in the summit area of the massif.
Racisme anti-Noirs au Maghreb : dévoilement(s) d’un tabou
Authors: Sadai Célia
Published: March 2021

Au Maghreb, l’héritage de la traite arabo-­musulmane explique l’existence contemporaine d’un racisme anti-Noirs systémique. Mais dans un cas comme dans l’autre, le tabou persiste sous la forme d’un déni collectif à la fois inconscient, programmé et institutionnalisé. Cela, même si le langage formule exactement ce qui a été refoulé, à l’image des termes 3abed/abid ou oussif (esclave) qui désignent la personne noire dans la langue arabe. C’est une des nombreuses contradictions qui se manifestent quand on interroge le racisme anti-Noirs au Maghreb. Cet article observe l’agencement, au cours de la dernière décennie, de dispositifs qui ont dévoilé ce tabou pourtant fondateur des sociétés du Maghreb. Et puisqu’il s’agit d’examiner l’émergence d’une parole anti­raciste et la circulation de contre-discours, on a opté pour une approche largement communicationnelle, qui s’intéresse en particulier au dispositif des réseaux sociaux. Viralité, polémique, bashing sont des procédés analysés ici pour leur capacité exceptionnelle à dévoiler ce qui fait tabou.
Optimal lot-sizing policy for a failure prone production system with investment in process quality improvement and lead time variance reduction
Authors: Sarkar Sumon , Giri Bibhas C.
Published: March 2021

To survive in today's competitive market, it is not enough to produce low-cost products but also quality-related issues and lead time needs to be considered in the decision-making process. This paper extends the previous research by developing a stochastic economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) model for a production system which is subject to process shifts from an in-control state to an out-of-control state at any random time. Moreover, we consider the option of investment to increase the process quality and decrease the lead-time variability. Closed-form solutions of the proposed models are obtained by applying the classical optimization technique. Some lemmas and theorems are developed to determine the optimal solution of the decision variables. Numerical results are obtained for each of these models and compared with those of the basic EMQ model without any investment. From the numerical analysis, it has been observed that our proposed model can significantly reduce the cost of the system compared to the basic model.
Free boundary problem for an optimal investment problem with a borrowing constraint
Authors: Guan Chonghu , Li Xun , Zhou Rui , Zhou Wenxin
Published: March 2021

This paper considers an optimal investment problem under CRRA utility with a borrowing constraint. We formulate it into a free boundary problem consisting of a fully nonlinear equation and a linear equation. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution and present the condition for the existence of the free boundary under a linear constraint on a borrowing rate. Furthermore, we prove that the free boundary is continuous and smooth when the relative risk aversion coefficient is sufficiently small.
Network diffusion with centrality measures to identify disease-related genes
Authors: Janyasupab Panisa , Suratanee Apichat , Plaimas Kitiporn
Published: March 2021

Disease-related gene prioritization is one of the most well-established pharmaceutical techniques used to identify genes that are important to a biological process relevant to a disease. In identifying these essential genes, the network diffusion (ND) approach is a widely used technique applied in gene prioritization. However, there is still a large number of candidate genes that need to be evaluated experimentally. Therefore, it would be of great value to develop a new strategy to improve the precision of the prioritization. Given the efficiency and simplicity of centrality measures in capturing a gene that might be important to the network structure, herein, we propose a technique that extends the scope of ND through a centrality measure to identify new disease-related genes. Five common centrality measures with different aspects were examined for integration in the traditional ND model. A total of 40 diseases were used to test our developed approach and to find new genes that might be related to a disease. Results indicated that the best measure to combine with the diffusion is closeness centrality. The novel candidate genes identified by the model for all 40 diseases were provided along with supporting evidence. In conclusion, the integration of network centrality in ND is a simple but effective technique to discover more precise disease-related genes, which is extremely useful for biomedical science.
Mechanism of Contact Electrification
Authors: KO Young-Joon , LEE Dong Woo , JUNG Jonghoon
Published: March 2021

Contact electrification has been a well-known phenomenon since B.C. 300. However, the origin of triboelectric charge and the charge transfer mechanism are not well understood. To date, the thermionic emission model, Schottky model, flexoelectric model, and intermolecular force model have been proposed for the contact electrification in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. This article briefly introduces several important research results on the simple-seeming, but baffling, topic of contact electrification.
Brexit in Westminster : ‘Content’, ‘Not-Content’
Authors: Gibson-Morgan Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Brexit has put under strain the subtle balance between government and Parliament at the core of the United Kingdom constitution largely based on conventions. It has led to a permanent confrontation between the minority Conservative government of Theresa May relying on a supply and confidence agreement with the Democratic Unionist party and Westminster stretching to its limits the adversarial nature of British parliamentary life. In an unprecedented way, it has also challenged the proceedings and usages of Parliament famously defined by Erskine May in the nineteenth century.With the (external) help of judges in the landmark Miller v. Secretary of State for Exiting the EU Supreme Court case (January 2017) reinstating Dicey’s view of parliamentary sovereignty, Parliament has reasserted its authority over the Brexit process and over government. In spite of the attempt of the latter to use the Crown prerogatives to trigger the country’s withdrawal notification without a parliamentary vote then to prorogue Westminster to bypass its opposition to a no-deal Brexit, Parliament has come out as a revitalised legislature. It started at the beginning of 2019 with the unprecedented selection by the Speaker of the House of Commons (John Bercow) of an amendment to a business motion by the former Attorney General Dominic Grieve imposing parliamentarians’ meaningful votes on the government’s Brexit deal. It then ended with an amendment from the Labour backbencher Hilary Benn and his Conservative counterpart Alistair Burt to the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation) Bill on 17 July 2019 to make it more difficult for the successor of Theresa May to prorogue Parliament in order to force through a no-deal Brexit on 31 October 2019. Both the UK Parliament and the EU might come out reinvigorated in the end.
Key hurdles in the Brexit negotiations on financial services and future regulation in the UK
Authors: Sowels Nicholas
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the key hurdles in the Brexit negotiations on financial services as they came into sharp focus at the end of June 2020. Although the Political Declaration between the UK and the European Union signed in October 2019 clearly sets out the path of the future trading relationship in financial services based on equivalence (i.e. the granting of market access to (certain) financial services by both parties on the basis that their regulation of financial services is broadly equivalent to each other), the British and European approaches to the implementation of equivalence in a future free trade agreement are very different, and are in many ways mutually incompatible. From this point of view, the impasse reached in early summer concerning financial services reflects the broader problems of the UK and the EU reaching a free trade agreement by the end of 2020, and perhaps even for a considerable while later. While “Monty Pythonesque” horse-trading of giving UK-based financial services access to EU markets in exchange of access to British fishing waters by EU fleets cannot be ruled out entirely, the odds of not reaching agreement in financial services are shortening. This will lead to stronger competition between the UK and the Eurozone in the development of financial services, although a dash to de-regulation by the UK seems unlikely. Instead, the London market is more likely to seek a competitive edge by designing future regulation that is both more stringent but also more “stylish”.
Perceptions of Middle School Teachers on Technology Integration
Authors: Jaafar Inaya , Statti Aubrey , Torres Kelly M.
Published: March 2021

Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this research explored how technology affects the teacher-student relationship in the middle school classroom, and in addition, investigated the middle school teachers' perceptions of the teacher-student relationship when the technology was integrated. This chapter reports on data collected from 16 middle school teachers in Grades 6, 7, and 8 within one school district in northern New Jersey. The data sources included one-to-one semi-structured interviews and a focus group consisting of 10 out of the 16 middle school teachers from the various core subjects (English language arts, mathematics, social studies, and science). The data were analyzed by coding and generating themes in a qualitative approach as recommended in an interpretative phenomenological analysis.
STEM Becomes STEAM
Authors: Smerda-Mason Dana L.
Published: March 2021

Education has seen many changes as we move into the 21st century. Students have been traditionally educated to contribute as specialists in the STEM fields, and now the needs to be prepared for the future are changing and driving educational transformation. The procurement of employment is no longer reliant on a set of specific skills and routines; instead, people in the workforce are being asked to collaborate and innovate solutions and processes. Educators are tasked with integrating more of the design and creative processes through arts integration, which helps students learn how to be confident learners and future contributors to the modern workforce. Throughout this chapter, the author explores the historical arch of these recent changes that brought the arts into STEAM, as well as changes related to gender and innovation in the STEAM fields as society enters the 21st century, and computer science contributions to the classroom.
Active Blended Learning
Authors: Armellini Alejandro , Padilla Rodriguez Brenda Cecilia
Published: March 2021

This chapter focuses on the joint implementation of blended learning and active learning. The authors analysed 152 institutional websites containing definitions of these concepts. Blended learning is commonly, though arguably simplistically, viewed as the combination of face-to-face and online components. Active learning is often described as a pedagogical approach that engages students in higher-order thinking tasks, usually requiring collaboration with others. The authors systematically reviewed the literature on active blended learning (ABL). Health sciences is the most common field where empirical studies have been conducted. Most research used quantitative or mixed data and focused on the perspective of students. The tone of the discourse is predominantly positive, with an emphasis on the benefits of ABL. The chapter concludes by defining ABL as a pedagogical approach that combines sense-making activities with focused interactions in and outside the classroom. It puts forward a rationale and a framework for the implementation and scaling up of ABL in a higher education setting.
Expanding the Terrain of Online Higher Education Through Active Blended Learning
Authors: Gargano Terra , Zeigler Julia
Published: March 2021

As institutions harness the growing mobility in the lives of students and recognize the expanding terrain of possibilities by incorporating innovative active blended learning approaches, it is imperative to reimagine education itself. Connectivity and active blended learning can open doors for focused interactions, fostering deeper understanding through synchronous and asynchronous learning. The level of attention given by programs to active blended learning can sometimes portend success – programs with strong strategies and methods find ways to flip classrooms, deploy practical skill-based experiences, and design rigorous engagement initiatives. How can more programs take advantage of active blended learning methodologies and approaches to engage communities of inquiry for collaborative learning across borders?
Reciprocal Empowerment Through Remote Service Learning
Authors: Phillips Birgit
Published: March 2021

This chapter presents a novel pedagogical approach of “remote service learning” (RSL), which was applied in an undergraduate health degree program at an Austrian university. Remote service learning is a form of active blended learning that combines academic learning with practical experience and social commitment, using a range of tools and methods from online didactics. Drawing on emancipatory pedagogies such as transformative learning, an RSL-focused course pursues the ambitious goal of promoting reciprocal empowerment, that is, the promotion of mutual educational processes. “Reciprocal” refers to all stakeholders involved in the course, directly or indirectly: university students, the local community, the Austrian NGO, and the educator. Survey and qualitative data results have shown that the fundamental triad of learning, acting, and reflecting in remote service learning not only leads to a deeper understanding of the course content and discipline but also increased self-awareness, empathy, and a heightened sense of the highly complex social realities in different parts of the world.
Universal Design for Learning and Active Blended Learning
Authors: Fovet Frederic
Published: March 2021

This chapter examines active blended learning and universal design for learning in context within the lived professional experience of the author. The tension between both of these approaches to teaching and learning is first analyzed and explored through a series of vignettes. In the second stage, an analysis is carried out to identify ways in which the tension between both paradigms can be resolved by practitioners in higher education. The final stage of the chapter conceptualizes this empirical reflection and offers a model that can be used in professional development activities with faculty to guide them seamlessly as they attempt to reconcile these 21st century imperatives of teaching and learning in one progressive, cohesive, and coherent discourse.
Employability in Practice
Authors: Middleton Andrew , Acevedo Beatriz , Scruton Adrian , Boz Marina , Outteridge Joanne , Hawkins Cyndy , Kite Liam
Published: March 2021

The Employability in Practice initiative at Anglia Ruskin University aimed to develop employability in the curriculum as one dimension of the university's strategic commitment to active learning. A team of academic leads for employability (ALEs) was appointed to advocate applied and authentic learning, with responsibility for supporting all undergraduate course teams to redesign their programmes. The team became a key part of the wider development group supporting the rollout of the active curriculum framework through a programme of course design intensives (CDIs). To articulate employability as a dimension of active learning, the ALEs developed a design framework reflecting a set of graduate capitals. Using this, the ALE team produced a diverse range of tools for engaging academics, personal development tutors, and students. The chapter reflects on the ‘symmetry' and the compatibilities found in the active learning and employability agendas.
Management and Digitalization Strategy for Transforming Education Sector
Authors: Jain Esha , Lamba Jonika
Published: March 2021

The digitalization of the education sector has led to continuous learning that is beneficial for the students as well as teachers despite facing the medical emergency in the country due to the COVID-19 crisis. It was found that the impact of COVID-19 on the transformation of education has both positive and negative outlooks. The negative impact was that all educational organizations/institutions shut down and examinations got postponed or delayed, but nothing stopped totally. It was also found that due to this pandemic, the educational system has taken a new turn and got evolved in an unimagined way. Teachers and faculty members are positively adapting and managing the digitalization strategy for education and make optimum use of digital media. COVID-19 has provided an opportunity for teachers to upgrade their skills and knowledge by joining multidisciplinary courses available online, and it was also found that computer courses taught online were much more effective than theoretical subjects taught via online applications, but lengthy online lectures cause fatigue and boredom.
Can Terrorism Mold Itself to Outer Space?
Authors: Alshdaifat Shadi A. , Silverburg Sanford R.
Published: March 2021

Benefiting from the progress of technology, terrorism poses a major threat to international peace and security. Terrorist acts might move to other forms and are the culmination of processes that often begin with radicalization, the formation of extremist views, and acceptance of violence as a means through which to attempt change. As with other types of offenses, there is no internationally agreed upon definition of terrorism, but several conducts are universally accepted as expressions thereof. Terrorist-related offenses include the use of violence for political purposes, such as the hijacking of aircraft, targeting of marine vessels, the use of chemical or nuclear weapons against civilians, kidnapping, and other forms of targeting civilians. Terrorism itself is not a new phenomenon, yet the early 21st century is being shaped by a more intense focus on the issue and an increased awareness of terrorist acts and groups. If terrorism in outer space became a reality, then the cause is not different from other forms of terrorism in that violent extremism is often driven by feelings of isolation and exclusion, as well as fear and ignorance. To strengthen a sustainable solution, responses to violent extremism must be implemented in a framework respectful of human rights and the rule of law; otherwise, the exclusion is exacerbated, and the international community will witness another form of chaos.
Towards Efficient Big Data Storage With MapReduce Deduplication System
Authors: Joe Vijesh , Raj Jennifer S. , Smys S.
Published: March 2021

In the big data era, there is a high requirement for data storage and processing. The conventional approach faces a great challenge, and de-duplication is an excellent approach to reduce the storage space and computational time. Many existing approaches take much time to pinpoint the similar data. MapReduce de-duplication system is proposed to attain high duplication ratio. MapReduce is the parallel processing approach that helps to process large number of files in less time. The proposed system uses two threshold two divisor with switch algorithm for chunking. Switch is the average parameter used by TTTD-S to minimize the chunk size variance. Hashing using SHA-3 and fractal tree indexing is used here. In fractal index tree, read and write takes place at the same time. Data size after de-duplication, de-duplication ratio, throughput, hash time, chunk time, and de-duplication time are the parameters used. The performance of the system is tested by college scorecard and ZCTA dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed system can lessen the duplicity and processing time.
A Detector and Evaluation Framework of Abnormal Bidding Behavior Based on Supplier Portrait
Authors: Ma Xinqiang , Li Xuewei , Zhong Baoquan , Huang Yi , Gu Ye , Wu Maonian , Liu Yong , Zhang Mingyi
Published: March 2021

In a large number of bidding supplier groups, it is difficult to accurately find suppliers with unreasonable bidding behavior. In order to solve the problem of precise positioning of massive abnormal bidding behavior groups of diverse and widely distributed suppliers, the authors design a detector framework of abnormal bidding behavior based on supplier portrait. This paper mainly focuses on three abnormal bidding behaviors which harmful to the tenderers—“affiliated operation,” “subcontracting behavior,” and “colluding behavior.” Based on the bidding behavior records of suppliers, this paper establishes supplier portraits in four dimensions. In order to solve the problem that the detection algorithm under the unlabeled data is difficult to verify, this research establishes a new evaluation framework based on the bid base price formula and benefit map database of the supplier. The experiment verifies that the framework can effectively detect most suppliers with abnormal bidding behavior and can significantly change the benchmark price after eliminating abnormal suppliers.
A Multi-Objective Approach to Big Data View Materialization
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Kumar T. V. Vijay
Published: March 2021

Big data comprises voluminous and heterogeneous data that has a limited level of trustworthiness. This data is used to generate valuable information that can be used for decision making. However, decision making queries on Big data consume a lot of time for processing resulting in higher response times. For effective and efficient decision making, this response time needs to be reduced. View materialization has been used successfully to reduce the query response time in the context of a data warehouse. Selection of such views is a complex problem vis-à-vis Big data and is the focus of this paper. In this paper, the Big data view selection problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem with the two objectives being the minimization of the query evaluation cost and the minimization of the update processing cost. Accordingly, a Big data view selection algorithm that selects Big data views for a given query workload, using the vector evaluated genetic algorithm, is proposed. The proposed algorithm aims to generate views that are able to reduce the response time of decision-making queries.
Special Children Behaviour Pattern and Their Teaching Strategies
Authors: Shrawankar Urmila
Published: March 2021

Every child is unique and has some different qualities. Special children have their own strengths and weaknesses which defines their interests. Their development progresses are quite slow as compared to normal children. However, the parents should carefully observe if the children have difficulties in one or more developmental areas, notice their performance as compared with other children of the same age. There are various methods available to analyze the behavior of children, but all mothers may not be able to recognize the real problem and hence not able to teach them so. The paper describes various case studies of children suffering from behavioral disorder. The behavior patterns of children are recognize by analyzing all behavioral aspects with the help of images, videos, and questionnaires and help parents and teachers by suggesting teaching strategies for their bright future. Assessment techniques defined by teachers and doctors to educate the children are also discussed. This study will be very helpful to society, especially those with a special child.
Learning Pattern Relation-Based Hyperbolic Embedding for Adverse Drug Reaction Extraction
Authors: Taewijit Siriwon , Theeramunkong Thanaruk
Published: March 2021

Hyperbolic embedding has been recently developed to allow us to embed words in a Cartesian product of hyperbolic spaces, and its efficiency has been proved in several works of literature since the hierarchical structure is the natural form of texts. Such a hierarchical structure exhibits not only the syntactic structure but also semantic representation. This paper presents an approach to learn meaningful patterns by hyperbolic embedding and then extract adverse drug reactions from electronic medical records. In the experiments, the public source of data from MIMIC-III (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III) with over 58,000 observed hospital admissions of the brief hospital course section is used, and the result shows that the approach can construct a set of efficient word embeddings and also retrieve texts of the same relation type with the input. With the Poincaré embeddings model and its vector sum (PC-S), the authors obtain up to 82.3% in the precision at ten, 85.7% in the mean average precision, and 93.6% in the normalized discounted cumulative gain.
Mitigation of the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic
Authors: Wright Jan Folkmann
Published: March 2021

The mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic has so far revealed large variations regarding reported infectives and fatalities from different countries and regions. The differential equation models used to simulate virus dissemination and the data gathering of infectives and diseased are however susceptible to a range of observational and cognitive biases. The high initial fatality risk reported may have motivated very radical lockdown mitigation measures. The virus mitigation strategy was also influenced by interlocking contingencies between politicians and media. The effects of the mitigative measures should however be evaluated due to their potential collateral damage to the economy as well as on public health issues not directly related to the pandemic. Lessons learned from combatting the COVID-19 pandemic should be utilized to develop knowledge and contingency preparedness to meet global tragedies and new virus pandemics, including our ability to mitigate observational and cognitive biases and to respect the habitats of wildlife.
User Satisfaction Assessment of a Developed Temperature Monitoring System Based on A-Priori Information System Impact Model
Authors: Gonzales Arneda Jean , Himang Celbert M. , Himang Melanie M. , Manalastas Rebecca , Bongo Miriam F. , Ocampo Lanndon
Published: March 2021

Network downtimes are typically addressed by deploying a temperature monitoring system (TMS) designed to detect variations in temperature and signal users of an impending increase of temperature. The development of a TMS has been found to essentially monitor temperature states across various case applications, but a concurrent analysis of such system was not carried out despite the need to recognize user satisfaction for improvement of future TMS information system components. Thus, this paper seeks to design, implement, and analyze a TMS under the a-priori information system (IS) impact model, which incorporates the constructs on individual impact, organizational impact, information quality, and system quality, in an academic institution as case environment. It is found that all four constructs have a positive influence on the proposed TMS IS impact except for organizational impact. Under such a case, decision-makers are prompted to develop a product that anchors primarily on individual impact, information quality, and system quality to attain desired system outputs.
Intelligent Approach for Enhancing Prediction Issues in Scalable Data Mining
Authors: Fouad Khaled M. , Elsheshtawy Tarek , Dawood Mohamed F.
Published: March 2021

Support vector regression (SVR) is one of the supervised machine learning algorithms that can be exploited for prediction issues. The main enhancement issue of SVR is attempting to select a reliable parameter to assure the high performance of SVR. In this paper, the intelligent approach is based on integrating the enhanced particle swarm optimization PSO with the SVR to achieve the proper SVR parameters that are used to improve SVR performance. The enhanced PSO is performed by implementing parallelized linear time-variant acceleration coefficients (TVAC) and inertia weight (IW) of PSO, called PLTVACIW-PSO. The proposed approach is evaluated by performing the experimental comparisons of the proposed algorithm with eleven different algorithms. These comparisons are performed by applying the proposed algorithm and these algorithms to 21 different datasets varying in their scales.
Role of Manufacturing Sector in the Forthcoming National Industrial Transformations
Authors: Forrest Jeffrey Yi-Lin , Liu Jun , Martorell Gerard , Xu Liang , Liu Yong
Published: March 2021

At the present time, various ambitious nations laid out their plans for maintaining or acquiring their leadership in the world by emphasizing innovations and by focusing on the manufacturing sector. To understand this phenomenon theoretically, this paper addresses the importance of the manufacturing sector in the overall development of a nation's economic strength. By employing systems thinking and such a logical reasoning that is commonly used in mathematics and natural science, this paper establishes three formal propositions on related issues and provides policy recommendations and open problems for future research.
Characterization of a TNFR2-Selective Agonistic TNF-α Mutant and Its Derivatives as an Optimal Regulatory T Cell Expander
Authors: Inoue Masaki , Yamashita Kanako , Tsuji Yuta , Miki Midori , Amano Shota , Okumura Taichi , Kuge Koki , Tone Takao , Enomoto Shota , Yoshimine Chinatsu , Morita Yuki , Ando Daisuke , Kamada Haruhiko , Mikami Norihisa , Tsutsumi Yasuo , Tsunoda Shin-ichi
Published: March 2021

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that play a role in suppressing and regulating immune responses. Recently, it was suggested that controlling the functions and activities of Tregs might be applicable to the treatment of human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) is a target molecule that modulates Treg functions. In this study, we investigated the role of TNFR2 signaling in the differentiation and activation of mouse Tregs. We previously reported the generation of a TNFR2-selective agonist TNF mutant, termed R2agoTNF, by using our unique cytokine modification method based on phage display. R2agoTNF activates cell signaling via mouse TNFR2. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of R2agoTNF for the proliferation and activation of Tregs in mice. R2agoTNF expanded and activated mouse CD4+CD25+ Tregs ex vivo. The structural optimization of R2agoTNF by internal cross-linking or IgG-Fc fusion selectively and effectively enhanced Treg expansion in vivo. Furthermore, the IgG-Fc fusion protein suppressed skin-contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice. TNFR2 agonists are expected to be new Treg expanders.