bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited detection of shared zoonotic pathogens in deer keds and blacklegged ticks co‐parasitizing white‐tailed deer in the eastern United States
Authors: Olafson Pia Untalan , Poh Karen C. , Evans Jesse R. , Skvarla Michael J. , Machtinger Erika T.
Published: October 2022

Deer keds, such as Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), are blood‐feeding flies from which several human and animal pathogens have been detected, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Johnson (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae), the causative agent of Lyme disease. Cervids (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), which are the primary hosts of deer keds, are not natural reservoirs of B. burgdorferi sl, and it has been suggested that deer keds may acquire bacterial pathogens via co‐feeding near infected ticks. We screened L. cervi (n = 306) and Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (n = 315) collected from 38 white‐tailed deer in Pennsylvania for the family Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella spp. (Hyphomicrobiales: Bartonellaceae), Borrelia spp., and Rickettsia spp. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Limited similarity in the bacterial DNA detected between these ectoparasites per host suggested that co‐feeding may not be a mechanism by which deer keds acquire these bacteria. The feeding biology and life history of deer keds may impact the observed results, as could the season when specimens were collected. We separately screened L. cervi (n = 410), L. mazamae Róndani (n = 13), L. depressa Say (n = 10), and Neolipoptena ferrisi Bequaert (n = 14) collections from locations within the United States and Canada for the same pathogens. These results highlight the need to further study deer ked‐host and deer ked‐tick relationships.
Screening for metabolic complications of childhood and adolescent obesity: A scoping review of national and international guidelines
Authors: Lim Carey Yun Shan , Foo Yu Wah , Tok Chanel Li Xuan , Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Loke Kah Yin , Lee Yung Seng , Ng Nicholas Beng Hui
Published: October 2022

The rise in prevalence of childhood obesity is paralleled by an increase in obesity‐related metabolic complications, which add significantly to the population burden of cardiovascular morbidity in the long term. Early detection of obesity‐related metabolic complications through appropriate screening strategies forms a crucial aspect of obesity management. We performed a scoping review of international and national guidelines on the management of pediatric obesity to evaluate the recommendations on screening for metabolic complications, namely, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty guidelines were included, 23 (76.7%) of which had some guidance on screening for metabolic complications. However, there were significant variations in the extent and details of recommendations for screening for these metabolic complications. There has been no consensus on the body mass index (BMI) thresholds, age of onset, frequency, and screening tests recommended for detecting hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease between guidelines. These variations did not appear to be polarized based on geographical location or population ethnicity. We provide our recommendations on metabolic screening based on the strength of evidence in the guidelines, also incorporating recommendations from key childhood hypertension, diabetes, and lipid guidelines. Appropriate implementation of screening strategies is crucial to improve detection of metabolic complications, to allow for earlier or more intensified interventions for affected children with obesity.
Correlation between fine root traits and pathogen richness depends on plant mycorrhizal types
Authors: Dai Dong , Yang Jiarong , Wu Yougui , Zhang Wenhua , Wu Xian , Liu Yajing , Xing Hua , Liu Yu
Published: October 2022

Root uptake strategies are associated with the strength of negative plant–soil feedback (PSF) induced by soil pathogens. Given the intensified effect of pathogen richness in fine roots on the strength of negative PSF through the synergistic effects of multiple pathogens, researchers have proposed a trade‐off between nutrient acquisition and pathogen defence in roots. However, empirical evidence is lacking. In addition, because the interaction between pathogens and fine roots depends on the mycorrhizal types of tree species, both fine root traits and mycorrhizal types should be incorporated to reveal covariation in pathogen richness and the strength of negative PSF. In this study, we selected 50 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species and 7 ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in a subtropical forest to investigate the relationships between fine root traits and pathogen richness in fine roots and determined whether their relationships depended on plant mycorrhizal types. Our results showed that pathogen richness was negatively correlated with fine root diameter but was positively correlated with specific root length for the AM‐associated species, while for the ECM‐associated species, the pathogen richness was only found to have a significant negative relationship with the relative abundance of ECM fungi. These findings highlight the difference between AM‐ and ECM‐associated species in pathogen defence and bridge the gap between root traits and pathogen richness, which is significant for improving our understanding of the potential factors mediating the strength of PSF and thus maintaining tree species diversity.
Effects of Surgeon Handedness on the Outcomes of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Single Center's Experience
Authors: Cao Zheng , Liu Yubo , Yang Minzhi , Zhang Zhuo , Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei
Published: October 2022

Objective

Surgeon handedness has been widely discussed in operative surgery, and could cause clinical discrepancy. However, few studies have reported the effect of handedness on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Based on our clinical observation and case analysis, we aimed to find out the effects of surgeon handedness on UKA.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 94 UKA procedures performed by one right‐handed surgeon from January 2017 to December 2018 at a single medical center. The cases were divided into two groups by operation side (49 L‐UKAs and 45 R‐UKAs). Preoperative demographic data were collected. Imaging parameters (femorotibial and hip‐knee‐ankle angles and tibial‐plateau retroversion) and joint function scores (Knee Society Score [KSS] and Oxford Knee Score [OKS]) were recorded. Patients were followed up regularly and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) was calculated at the last follow‐up. All data were compared between the two groups with independent‐samples t‐test, and paired t‐test was used for intragroup comparisons.

Results

The average follow‐up was 26.7 ± 3.2 months. The average patient age was 63.5 ± 9.0 years and the average body mass index was 26.89 ± 3.43 kg/m2. There was no significant group difference in any preoperative characteristic. Both the KSS and OKS improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). No significant group difference was found between the KSS or OKS at any follow‐up visit. The varus or valgus of tibial component was 3.57 ± 1.42° on the left side and 3.19 ± 1.56° on the right side (p = 0.45). The varus or valgus of femoral component was 7.81 ± 2.43° in patients undergoing L‐UKA and 7.05 ± 2.90° in those undergoing R‐UKA (p = 0.04). No statistical differences were found in outliers of component orientation on both sides. The femorotibial and hip‐knee‐ankle angles improved significantly in both groups, and there was no significant group difference in either lower limb alignment or tibial‐plateau retroversion. The complication rate was 8.16% (4/49) in the L‐UKA group and 6.67% (3/45) in the R‐UKA group. There was no correlation between prosthesis orientation and early joint function score.

Conclusions

Surgeon handedness may cause a worse prosthetic orientation on femoral side during surgeon's non‐dominant UKA, and surgeons should be cautious of bone resection and prosthesis implantation. However, radiographic difference did not bring variations on short‐term clinical outcomes or lower limb alignment.
Group‐deliberative competences and group knowledge
Authors: Broncano‐Berrocal Fernando , Barba Moisés
Published: October 2022

Under what conditions is a group belief resulting from deliberation constitutive of group knowledge? What kinds of competences must a deliberating group manifest when settling a question so that the resulting collective belief can be considered group knowledge? In this paper, we provide an answer to the second question that helps make progress on the first question. In particular, we explain the epistemic normativity of deliberation‐based group belief in terms of a truth norm and an evidential norm, introduce a virtue‐reliabilist condition on deliberative group knowledge, and provide an account and a taxonomy of the types of group competences that are necessary for this type of collective knowledge.
An optimization framework for analyzing dual‐donor organ exchange
Authors: Le Tuan , Stauffer Jon M. , Shetty Bala , Sriskandarajah Chelliah
Published: October 2022

We study an optimal matching problem in the context of dual‐donor organ exchange, where a portion of two living donors' organs are transplanted to a single patient. This dual‐donor transplant technique is becoming more widespread for lung and liver transplants. However, multiple medical compatibility criteria pose a serious challenge for matching a patient with two compatible donors. In the United States and many other countries, laws prohibit commercial (for‐profit) deals for human organs, so donor exchanges are run by nonprofit organizations connecting donors with people in need of organs, with the goal of increasing transplant matches. We propose a simple chain mechanism in dual‐donor organ exchange to increase the number of patient–dual‐donor matches, which would maximize the number of patients receiving transplants. Based on this objective, we propose a general simple chain optimization framework for finding the maximum patient matching, taking into account multiple compatibility criteria (e.g., blood type and weight), and determine the complexity status of the problem. We provide theoretical results on the structures of simple chains, as well as a polynomial time algorithm to obtain the maximum patient matching simple chain with blood type compatibility. Through a numerical study for multiple compatibility criteria, we show that in many scenarios, a simple chain substantially increases the number of patients matched with dual donors for transplants, as opposed to exchange cycles. We also address the problem of maximizing the number of patients matched for dual‐donor organ transplants via two‐way and three‐way exchange cycles, subject to donors' and recipients' medical compatibility criteria, along with a discussion of their computational complexity. Finally, we characterize the general configurations of large n‐way exchange cycles and provide theoretical insights for their structural properties. Our findings provide general optimization models for dual‐donor organ exchange operators to increase the number of patients matched for transplant, given multiple compatibility criteria. In addition, we show how exchange operators, using simple chains, can increase patient matches and reduce simultaneous surgical resource requirements over exchange cycles.
Health in citizen‐state interactions: How physical and mental health problems shape experiences of administrative burden and reduce take‐up
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Christensen Julian , Herd Pamela , Moynihan Donald
Published: October 2022

Public services represent a key means by which societies seek to reduce inequalities. However, some people may experience administrative procedures as more burdensome than others, creating inequality within programs intended to be equity‐enhancing. Prior work has found human capital (e.g., education and conditions like scarcity) to affect burden and take‐up. We build on this by examining the role of health in the form of attention disorders, pain, anxiety, and depression in the context of tax reporting in Denmark and college financial aid in Oklahoma, USA. Across cases, attention disorders and pain are associated with more burdensome experiences and in the financial aid case, they are associated with reduced take‐up as well. Individuals suffering from multiple health problems have the most negative experiences and lowest take‐up. The results suggest that extra support may be needed for people suffering from health problems in order to reduce inequities in experiences and outcomes.
An assessment of the aquaculture potential of indigenous freshwater food fish of Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Tonga as alternatives to farming of tilapia
Authors: Lal Monal M. , Brown Kelly T. , Chand Prerna , Pickering Timothy D.
Published: October 2022

An important driver behind introductions for aquaculture of alien fish species into Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) is a lack of knowledge about domestication suitability and specific culture requirements of indigenous taxa. Introductions may be appropriate in some circumstances, but in other circumstances, the associated risks may outweigh the benefits, so greater understanding of indigenous species' aquaculture potential is important. This review summarises literature for indigenous freshwater food fish species from Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, Samoa and Tonga, and evaluates their aquaculture potential for food security and/or small‐scale livelihoods. A species selection criteria incorporating economic, social, biological and environmental spheres was used to score 62 candidate species. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus) now established in PICTs were evaluated for comparison. Results show that 13 species belonging to the families Mugilidae (Mullets), Terapontidae (Grunters), Kuhliidae (Flagtails) and Scatophagidae (Scats) have the highest culture potential according to selection criteria. These feed at a relatively low trophic level (are herbivores/detritivores), have comparatively fast growth rates and overall possess characteristics most amenable for small‐scale, inland aquaculture. The four top‐ranked candidates are all mountain mullets Cestraeus spp., followed by Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Lower ranked candidates include three other mullets (Planiliza melinoptera, P. subviridis and Mugil cephalus) and rock flagtail Kuhlia rupestris. Importantly, many species remain data deficient in aspects of their reproductive biology or culture performance. Species profiles and ranked priority species by country are provided with logistical, technological and environmental assessments of country capacities to culture each species.
Radiographers' experience of preventing patient safety incidents in the context of radiological examinations
Authors: Wallin Agneta , Ringdal Mona , Ahlberg Karin , Lundén Maud
Published: October 2022

Aim

To describe factors that prevent patient safety incidents in connection with the radiological examination from the radiographer's perspective.

Background

Radiology plays an important role in the care chain and involves diagnostic examinations and treatments using various radiation sources and different techniques. Risks for patient safety incidents exist in every phase of a radiological examination. Appropriate use of medical imaging requires a multidisciplinary approach involving staff of different categories to meet the medical objectives and the patient's care needs. In accordance with a Safety‐II approach, it is therefore important to understand why things go right and ensure that they do by supporting the conditions for right things to happen.

Design

A qualitative study with a descriptive design.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 radiographers. The data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model.

Results

The analysis yielded 20 sub‐themes, which describe different success factors contributing to patient safety.

Conclusion

Proactive work should focus on collaboration and sharing the necessary knowledge, internally and externally, for care in connection with the radiological examination. The radiological and peri‐radiographic knowledge should include monitoring the patient's safety needs before, during and after the radiological examination. The referring clinician has a central role in writing relevant referrals and the radiographer's competence is crucial in monitoring the patient's safety needs. A good patient safety culture is required and working with standards is important.
A new spatial database framework for pedestrian indoor navigation based on the OpenStreetMap tag information
Authors: Dumedah Gift , Fuseini Abdul‐Karim Wumpini , Marfo Isaac , Agbadi Gloria , Osei‐Tutu Augustina , Fordjour Kwadwo George , Asori Moses
Published: October 2022

It is widely acknowledged that the tools for pedestrian navigation in indoor environments have been increasing while the internal spaces of buildings continue to grow in complexity. The majority of mobile applications for indoor navigation are mostly dependent on access to radio‐frequency identification (RFID) and WiFi, which are particularly limited and expensive in most of Sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, data from Volunteered Geographic Information such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) lacked clear framework and specification for database design for indoor navigation. Accordingly, this study proposed and illustrated a new database framework for indoor navigation by taking advantage of the popular OSM tag information structure. The proposed framework characterized the indoor environment based on horizontal and vertical partitions, together with description of indoor features by using cardinal directions and qualitative descriptions. The framework was demonstrated by creating sample database records, and retrieval of step‐by‐step travel information for different internal configurations of the indoor environment. A key contribution of this framework is its simplistic and low‐cost nature, where user travel information is retrieved from the database with no need for communication signals from Global Positioning Systems, RFID, or WiFi, making it advantageous for low‐cost applications where access to these communication infrastructure are limited.
THE EFFECT OF MUTAGENS ON CALLUS REGENERATION
Authors: Iksat N. , Masalimov Zh. , Omarov R.
Published: October 2022

in this work were studied the characteristics of the development of F. tataricum and F. esculentum callus cultures in vitro when they were treated with chemical mutagen solutions - MH, MNU (0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2 mM). When compared to the control on RX medium, the calli treated with the MNU mutagen died more often at higher concentrations (0.5; 1; 2 mM), indicating the effectiveness of the mutagenic effect. The survival rate of callus cultures subcultivated on a medium containing lower concentrations of mutagens (0.05; 0.1; 0.2 mM) was quite high when compared to higher concentrations, but low when compared to the control. The role of mutagenic factors in increasing genotypic variability, as well as the method of obtaining a new source material for various aspects of the buckwheat breeding process, have not been studied.
svMorph: Interactive Geometry-Editing Tools for Virtual Patient-Specific Vascular Anatomies
Authors: Pham Jonathan , Wyetzner Sofia , Pfaller Martin R. , Parker David W. , James Doug L. , Marsden Alison L.
Published: October 2022

We propose svMorph, a framework for interactive virtual sculpting of patient-specific vascular anatomic models. Our framework includes three tools for the creation of tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenoses in tubular vascular geometries. These shape edits are performed via geometric operations on the surface mesh and vessel centerline curves of the input model. The tortuosity tool also uses the physics-based Oriented Particles method, coupled with linear blend skinning, to achieve smooth, elastic-like deformations. Our tools can be applied separately or in combination to produce simulation-suitable morphed models. They are also compatible with popular vascular modeling software, such as simvascular. To illustrate our tools, we morph several image-based, patient-specific models to create a range of shape changes and simulate the resulting hemodynamics via three-dimensional, computational fluid dynamics. We also demonstrate the ability to quickly estimate the hemodynamic effects of the shape changes via the automated generation of associated zero-dimensional lumped-parameter models.
Loading-Unloading Behavior of a Spherical Contact for Varying Tangent Modulus and Yield Strength
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Wangyang , Liu Di , Wang Chenglong , Zhu Linbo
Published: October 2022

Understanding the elastoplastic contact loading-unloading behavior between a sphere and a rigid plane is a problem in the field of contact mechanics. In this study, a bilinear strain-hardening material model was used to study the frictionless elastoplastic contact loading-unloading behavior of a sphere in contact with a rigid plane across a large range of interference. A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was established. The effects of the tangent modulus (Et) and the ratio of the reduced elastic modulus to the yield strength (E/Y) on the contact load, residual interference, and contact area of the spherical contact model during loading-unloading were analyzed for a series of different interferences. The effects of Et and E/Y on the elastoplastic contact loading-unloading behavior were amplified with increasing interference. With an increase in Et, the effect of E/Y on the contact behavior was diminished. A new constitutive model for elastoplastic contact loading-unloading is presented. The model accommodates the calculation of the contact load, contact area, and residual interference of the spherical contact model across a large range of interference. The proposed model was verified by comparing its predictions with those of previous models. In the range of material properties considered in this work, the current research results can be applied to particle and contact mechanics.
Two-Phase Flow Induced Vibrations: Methodology Validation – Part 2
Authors: Macchion Olivier , Emmerson Paul , Lewis Mike , Stachyra Leszek , Orre Steinar
Published: October 2022

Multiphase flow through pipelines can result in severe pipe vibrations and subsequent fatigue damage. Commonly, finite element analyses are used to define the dynamic pipe stresses and to calculate the lifetime of subsea piping. The fluid flow excitation forces can be estimated from measured data, estimated with empirical models or simulated in detail using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Forces can be applied to the finite element model both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The findings from Random Vibration Theory using a given forcing PSD, reconstructed force time histories from a single forcing PSD either as a 1-off or using a Monte Carlo approach with thirty 60 second realizations, and CFD predicted time varying forces are compared by applying them to structural calculations of a test rig and an 8″ subsea jumper.

Random Vibration Theory is an efficient method to estimate the dynamic response in terms of RMS values. The Monte Carlo analysis showed the mean prediction of RMS vibration velocities asymptotes to the Random Vibration Theory predicted result, but there was significant variation in individual realizations of the force time histories. The RMS and peak values for a single transient analysis were found to asymptote at different rates.

For the analysis of multiphase flow induced vibrations the Random Vibration Theory approach in the frequency domain is generally recommended as it gives good overall results and is computationally efficient, compared to transient structural analysis. Care should be taken when the piping system has phasing between the bends, in which case transient CFD analysis may need to be carried out.
A Statistical Model of Motion Maxima of Offshore Wind Turbine Components During Installation
Authors: Ströer Lena , Haselsteiner Andreas F. , Sander Aljoscha , Thoben Klaus-Dieter
Published: October 2022

Single blade installation presents a significant challenge in the installation of offshore wind turbines. The stochastic nature of wind speed and wave height lead to uncertainties during installation. Blade installation is especially difficult in the presence of large relative motions between the blade root and the hub of the nacelle. In a measurement campaign, the installation of the Trianel Windpark Borkum II wind farm was analyzed to better understand installation difficulties. Sensor boxes recorded acceleration and GPS signals. In the study presented here, the oscillating behavior of the tower and the single blade installation tool (SBIT) before the first contact with the tower based on the data of the measurement campaign was described. Statistical models were developed to investigate how turbine and tool move conditional on wind and wave parameters. These statistical models describe the maximum deflection in blocks of 1 minute conditional on wind and wave parameters. The 1 minute block maxima are represented by a generalized extreme value distribution. We found that the oscillations of the tower are much higher than the oscillations of the SBIT. Thus, they seem to determine the process of the single blade installation. The developed model for tower motion maxima uses wind speed and significant wave height as covariates. While these relationship explain some of the variability of observed motion maxima, much uncertainty remains, which cannot be explained by correlations with wind speed and wave height. Nevertheless, we hope that the turbine’s model can be used to improve the quality of the decision of whether current environmental conditions are suitable to install the rotor blade or whether one should wait for better weather.
Power Performance and Response Analysis of a Semi-Submersible Wind Turbine With Combined Flap Type and Torus Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Lee Chern Fong , Tryfonidis Christodoulos , Ong Muk Chen
Published: October 2022

An integrated offshore wind and wave energy system is an attractive concept in areas with abundant wind and wave energy resources. The sharing of supporting platform and facilities, e.g., mooring systems, offers significant cost savings. This will effectively lower the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). In the present study, a conceptual design consisting of a braceless semi-submersible floating horizontal axis wind turbine (FHAWT), three flap type wave energy converters (WECs) as well as a torus (donut-shaped) point absorber-type WEC is proposed. The flap type WECs harvest wave energy through the flap motion caused by oscillating wave surge while the torus WEC absorbs wave energy generated from its heaving motion relative to the platform. The absorbed mechanical power of the power take-off (PTO) systems is calculated based on linear damping forces and the relative motions of the WECs. The effect of hydrodynamic interactions between the WECs and the platform are taken into account in the evaluation of hydrodynamic coefficients and wave excitation force transfer functions. A fully coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic numerical model of the concept is constructed. The feasibility study of the concept is carried out using time domain simulations. Only operational environmental conditions are simulated based on simultaneous wind and wave hindcast data of the selected offshore site. The effect of the WECs on the wind turbine, platform motions and WEC power take-off are examined. Based on the power performance of the WECs, recommendations are also provided for optimum power absorption.
The Development of a Time-Domain BEM to Investigate Dynamics of a Floating Solar Platform in Nonlinear Wave Regimes
Authors: Abbasnia Arash , Karimirad Madjid , Baruah Gautam , Whittaker Trevor
Published: October 2022

Harvesting offshore solar power depends on the survival of floating solar platforms under environmental loads such as waves and winds. The response of platforms upon the incident wave depends on the geometry of the platforms drastically. In this study, the solar platform is equipped with two tubular floaters embedded a distance in between, to reserve buoyancy. The displacement as well as the gap length, affect the fluid flow induced by the wave interaction with the platform. The transmitted flow of incident waves amongst the gap and its combination with radiated waves by the floaters’ motions produces a complex flow that may be stimulated by reflecting between floaters. The resultant flow influences the hydrodynamic loads, which may magnify the platform motions. To study this phenomenon, a range of wave frequencies is chosen for interacting with the platform and a numerical model is employed to estimate the dynamics of the platform. Then a parametric analysis is performed on the platform response versus the wave characteristics, which both are normalized by geometric properties of the platform, to establish the range of non-dimensional wave properties that the responses are amplifying. It would enhance the basic design of the platform geometry and the mooring system.
Spray Icing on ONEGA Vessel- A Comparison of Liquid Water Content Expressions
Authors: Dhar Sushmit , Samuelsen Eirik M. , Naseri Masoud , Aarsæther Karl G. , Edvardsen Kåre
Published: October 2022

The hazards associated with ice accretion primarily due to impinging freezing sea spray on ship structures are considered among serious safety concerns for ships operating in the colder regions. An accurate sea-spray icing-estimation model to evaluate the ice accumulation during operations in these regions can make marine operations safer. The accuracy of the present icing models for estimating icing on ships is substantially dependent on the incoming spray flux generated by the wave-ship interaction. In order to illustrate this, the vessel icing incident of the fishing vessel ONEGA is considered, which capsized after encountering heavy icing. In this study, the ONEGA vessel is modeled using a stability-calculation program. Then assuming the vessel to maintain minimum stability criteria prior to icing, the minimum likely amount of ice accumulation in the exposed locations that destabilized the vessel is estimated. This estimation is compared against another method used to evaluate ice thickness over the period ONEGA was accreting ice. The latter method utilizes the operational weather forecasting model used by MET Norway — “Marine-Icing model for the Norwegian COast Guard (MINCOG)”. The MINCOG model uses spray-flux estimations based on past empirical observations mainly obtained from fishing trawlers. The spray-flux consists of important elements like the liquid-water content (lwc) and the spray-generation frequency. An analysis is carried out applying different formulations for these two elements proposed by different researchers to see the variation in evaluating the total ice accumulation. After noticing the difference in results in total ice thickness from the stability and the icing-model methods used in this study, it is concluded that more investigation and field measurements are needed concerning the neglecting of the contribution of wind-generated spray in the spray flux formula used in MINCOG. Accordingly, multiple real-time spray measurements to develop a more suitable spray-flux formulation may improve the ice accumulation estimation over a longer time period.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based on Real-Time Iteration Scheme for Wave Energy Converters Using WEC-Sim
Authors: Guerrero-Fernández Juan Luis , Tom Nathan Michael , Rossiter John Anthony
Published: October 2022

One of several challenges that wave energy technologies face is their inability to generate electricity cost-competitively with other grid-scale energy generation sources. Several studies have identified two approaches to lower the levelised cost of electricity: reduce the cost over the device’s lifetime or increase its overall electrical energy production. Several advanced control strategies have been developed to address the latter. However, only a few take into account the overall efficiency of the power take-off (PTO) system, and none of them solve the optimisation problem that arises at each sampling time on real-time. In this paper, a detailed Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach based on the real-time iteration (RTI) scheme is presented, and the controller performance is evaluated using a time-domain hydrodynamics model (WEC-Sim). The proposed control law incorporates the PTO system’s efficiency in a control law to maximise the energy extracted. The study also revealed that RTI-NMPC clearly outperforms a simple resistive controller.
Investigation of a defect in the β-Ga2O3 substrate material from capacitance transients
Authors: Li Jian V. , Neal Adam T. , Mou Shin , Wong Man Hoi
Published: October 2022

The defect ∼0.8 eV below the conduction band edge of β-Ga2O3 wide bandgap semiconductor is investigated using the matched Arrhenius-equation projection technique that offers substantial improvement over the conventional deep level transient spectroscopy technique. An experimental technique is developed to extract activation energy Ea and attempt-to-escape frequency ν0 of defects bypassing both the rate-window treatment and the Arrhenius plot. Only raw capacitance transients in the time domain are needed with this technique. The capacitance transients are projected between the temperature and time domains as well as to Ea and ν0 domains. Extraction of Ea and ν0 is accomplished by matching the projected and experimental capacitance transients to each other.
Phase-aware deep speech enhancement: It's all about the frame length
Authors: Peer Tal , Gerkmann Timo
Published: October 2022

Algorithmic latency in speech processing is dominated by the frame length used for Fourier analysis, which in turn limits the achievable performance of magnitude-centric approaches. As previous studies suggest the importance of phase grows with decreasing frame length, this work presents a systematic study on the contribution of phase and magnitude in modern deep neural network (DNN)-based speech enhancement at different frame lengths. Results indicate that DNNs can successfully estimate phase when using short frames, with similar or better overall performance compared to using longer frames. Thus, interestingly, modern phase-aware DNNs allow for low-latency speech enhancement at high quality.
Adolescent Bone Advantages 3 Years After Resistance Training Trial
Authors: Thein-Nissenbaum Jill , Weiss Deena M. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Scerpella Tamara A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: We assessed maintenance of skeletal advantages 3 years after completion of a 2-year, school-based, controlled exercise trial in adolescent girls. Method: Middle-school girls participated in a resistance training program embedded in physical education classes. Effort groups (low-effort group [LO] and high-effort group [HI]) were identified; the control group (CON) participated in standard physical education at a separate school. Baseline and follow-up (FU) assessments at 6, 18, and 54 (FU3) months included densitometry, anthropometry, and questionnaires assessing physical maturity and nonintervention organized physical activity. Linear mixed effects models were fit to evaluate bone outcomes across all FU time points for CON versus LO/HI. Results: Sixty-eight girls (23 CON/25 HI/20 LO) were 11.6 (0.3) years at baseline. Bone parameters did not differ at baseline, except femoral neck bone mineral density (LO < HI/CON, P < .05). Forty-seven participants provided FU3 assessment: 17 CON/16 HI/14 LO. After adjusting for height, gynecologic age, baseline bone, and organized physical activity, bone gains across all time points were greater for HI versus CON for legs bone mineral content, femoral neck bone mineral content/bone mineral density, and third lumbar vertebra bone mineral content/bone mineral density (P ≤ .05). At FU3, bone values were greater for HI versus CON at subhead, legs, femoral neck, and third lumbar vertebra (P < .03). Conclusion: Adolescent girls who exerted high effort in a school-based resistance training program demonstrated significant skeletal benefits 3 years after program completion.
Tight inner ring architecture and quantum motion of nuclei enable efficient energy transfer in bacterial light harvesting
Authors: Kundu Sohang , Dani Reshmi , Makri Nancy
Published: October 2022

The efficient, directional transfer of absorbed solar energy between photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes continues to pose intriguing questions. In this work, we identify the pathways of energy flow between the B800 and B850 rings in the LH2 complex of
Rhodopseudomonas molischianum
using fully quantum mechanical path integral methods to simulate the excited-state dynamics of the 24 bacteriochlorophyll molecules and their coupling to 50 normal mode vibrations in each chromophore. While all pigments are identical, the tighter packing of the inner B850 ring is responsible for the thermodynamic stabilization of the inner ring. Molecular vibrations enable the 1-ps flow of energy to the B850 states, which would otherwise be kinetically inaccessible. A classical treatment of the vibrations leads to uniform equilibrium distribution of the excitation, with only 67% transferred to the inner ring. However, spontaneous fluctuations associated with the quantum motion of the nuclei increase the transfer efficiency to 90%.
Host protein kinases required for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphorylation and viral replication
Authors: Yaron Tomer M. , Heaton Brook E. , Levy Tyler M. , Johnson Jared L. , Jordan Tristan X. , Cohen Benjamin M. , Kerelsky Alexander , Lin Ting-Yu , Liberatore Katarina M. , Bulaon Danielle K. , Van Nest Samantha J. , Koundouros Nikos , Kastenhuber Edward R. , Mercadante Marisa N. , Shobana-Ganesh Kripa , He Long , Schwartz Robert E. , Chen Shuibing , Weinstein Harel , Elemento Olivier , Piskounova Elena , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Lee Gina , Trimarco Joseph D. , Burke Kaitlyn N. , Hamele Cait E. , Chaparian Ryan R. , Harding Alfred T. , Tata Aleksandra , Zhu Xinyu , Tata Purushothama Rao , Smith Clare M. , Possemato Anthony P. , Tkachev Sasha L. , Hornbeck Peter V. , Beausoleil Sean A. , Anand Shankara K. , Aguet François , Getz Gad , Davidson Andrew D. , Heesom Kate , Kavanagh-Williamson Maia , Matthews David A. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Cantley Lewis C. , Blenis John , Heaton Nicholas S.
Published: October 2022

Multiple coronaviruses have emerged independently in the past 20 years that cause lethal human diseases. Although vaccine development targeting these viruses has been accelerated substantially, there remain patients requiring treatment who cannot be vaccinated or who experience breakthrough infections. Understanding the common host factors necessary for the life cycles of coronaviruses may reveal conserved therapeutic targets. Here, we used the known substrate specificities of mammalian protein kinases to deconvolute the sequence of phosphorylation events mediated by three host protein kinase families (SRPK, GSK-3, and CK1) that coordinately phosphorylate a cluster of serine and threonine residues in the viral N protein, which is required for viral replication. We also showed that loss or inhibition of SRPK1/2, which we propose initiates the N protein phosphorylation cascade, compromised the viral replication cycle. Because these phosphorylation sites are highly conserved across coronaviruses, inhibitors of these protein kinases not only may have therapeutic potential against COVID-19 but also may be broadly useful against coronavirus-mediated diseases.
Phase 1 clinical trial of CRISPR-engineered CAR19 universal T cells for treatment of children with refractory B cell leukemia
Authors: Ottaviano Giorgio , Georgiadis Christos , Gkazi Soragia Athina , Syed Farhatullah , Zhan Hong , Etuk Annie , Preece Roland , Chu Jan , Kubat Agnieszka , Adams Stuart , Veys Paul , Vora Ajay , Rao Kanchan , Qasim Waseem ,   for the TT52 CRISPR-CAR group, James Jesmina , Gilmour Kimberly , Inglott Sarah , Thomas Rebecca , Mhaldien Lana , Hasnain Attia , Izotova Natalia , Tailor Nina , Flutter Barry , Ahmed Batoul , Braybrook Toni , Pinner Danielle , Williams Lindsey , Ko Ka-Yuk , Taylor Anna , Eshilokun Adebimpe , Staddon Susan , Amrolia Persis , Chiesa Robert , Lucchini Giovanna , Lazareva Arina , Mullanfiroze Khushnuma , Hill Annette , Finch Maria , Mead Rachel , Young Lindsey , Abbott Christopher , Ancliff Philip , Ghorashian Sara , Samarasinghe Sujith , Rao Anupama , Bartram Jack , Pavasovic Vesna , Cheng Danny , Eddaoudi Ayad , Farzaneh Farzin , Domning Sabine , Heimke Rene , Gabriel Richard , Sauer Martin , Beier Rita , Madeleine Kirste , Eckert Cornelia , Schilham Marco Willem , Jansen-Hoogendijk Anja Magdalena , Kim Jin Soo , Kim Daesik
Published: October 2022

Genome editing of allogeneic T cells can provide “off-the-shelf” alternatives to autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. Disruption of T cell receptor α chain (TRAC) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and removal of CD52 (cluster of differentiation 52) for a survival advantage in the presence of alemtuzumab have previously been investigated using transcription activator–like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated knockout. Here, we deployed next-generation CRISPR-Cas9 editing and linked CAR expression to multiplexed DNA editing of TRAC and CD52 through incorporation of self-duplicating CRISPR guide RNA expression cassettes within the 3’ long terminal repeat of a CAR19 lentiviral vector. Three cell banks of TT52CAR19 T cells were generated and cryopreserved. A phase 1, open-label, non-randomized clinical trial was conducted and treated six children with relapsed/refractory CD19-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) (NCT04557436). Lymphodepletion included fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab and was followed by a single infusion of 0.8 × 10
6
to 2.0 × 10
6
CAR19 T cells per kilogram with no immediate toxicities. Four of six patients infused with TT52CAR19 T cells exhibited cell expansion, achieved flow cytometric remission, and then proceeded to receive allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Two patients required biological intervention for grade II cytokine release syndrome, one patient developed transient grade IV neurotoxicity, and one patient developed skin GVHD, which resolved after transplant conditioning. Other complications were within expectations, and primary safety objectives were met. This study provides a demonstration of the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of CRISPR-engineered immunotherapy.
The Global Regulator MftR Controls Virulence and Siderophore Production in Burkholderia thailandensis
Authors: Thapa Sudarshan S. , Al-Tohamy Ahmed , Grove Anne
Published: October 2022

Bacterial pathogens face iron limitation in a host environment. To overcome this challenge, they produce siderophores, small iron-chelating molecules.
Genome Sequence of the Diploid Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii TMW 3.1188
Authors: Link Tobias , Lülf Rebekka H. , Parr Marina , Hilgarth Maik , Ehrmann Matthias A.
Published: October 2022

Debaryomyces hansenii
TMW 3.1188 is a halotolerant diploid yeast that was isolated from lupine moromi fermentation. Here, we report on the 24.77-Mbp genome of a diploid strain of the species
D. hansenii
.
Complete Genome Sequences of
Streptomyces
Bacteriophages Annihilus, TonyStarch, Thiqqums, CricKo, ClubPenguin, RosaAsantewaa, and PherryCruz
Authors: Park Yvette Genie , McCarthy Gillian Faith , Mustafa Hadeeqa , Feild Gemma M. , Puram Snigdha , Younes Hager Aly , Imam Danyah ,   2021 UMBC Phage Hunters,   STEM BUILD at UMBC Cohort 5, Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M.
Published: October 2022

Seven siphoviruses were isolated from soil using
Streptomyces
hosts. Their genome sequences ranged from 42,730 to 57,624 bp long and had a GC content of approximately 60%. Based on their gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, all seven phages were assigned to cluster BI. For several of these phages, multiple ribosomal frameshifts were identified.
Chlamydia trachomatis Alters Mitochondrial Protein Composition and Secretes Effector Proteins That Target Mitochondria
Authors: Dimond Zoe , Bauler Laura D. , Zhang Yixiang , Carmody Aaron , Hackstadt Ted
Published: October 2022

Obligate intracellular bacteria have evolved multiple means to promote their intracellular survival and replication within the otherwise harsh environment of the eukaryotic cell. Nutrient acquisition and avoidance of cellular defense mechanisms are critical to an intracellular lifestyle.
Scaling up of safety and quality improvement interventions in perioperative care: a systematic scoping review of implementation strategies and effectiveness
Authors: White Michelle C , Ahuja Shalini , Peven Kimberly , McLean Susanna Ritchie , Hadi Dina , Okonkwo Ijeoma , Clancy Olivia , Turner Maryann , Henry Jaymie Claire Ang , Sevdalis Nick
Published: October 2022

Background

Globally, 5 billion people lack access to safe surgical care with more deaths due to lack of quality care rather than lack of access. While many proven quality improvement (QI) interventions exist in high-income countries, implementing them in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) faces further challenges. Currently, theory-driven, systematically articulated knowledge of the factors that support successful scale-up of QI in perioperative care in these settings is lacking. We aimed to identify all perioperative safety and QI interventions applied at scale in LMICs and evaluate their implementation mechanisms using implementation theory.

Methods

Systematic scoping review of perioperative QI interventions in LMICs from 1960 to 2020. Studies were identified through Medline, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Data were extracted in two phases: (1) abstract review to identify the range of QI interventions; (2) studies describing scale-up (three or more sites), had full texts retrieved and analysed for; implementation strategies and scale-up frameworks used; and implementation outcomes reported.

Results

We screened 45 128 articles, identifying 137 studies describing perioperative QI interventions across 47 countries. Only 31 of 137 (23%) articles reported scale-up with the most common intervention being the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist. The most common implementation strategies were training and educating stakeholders, developing stakeholder relationships, and using evaluative and iterative strategies. Reporting of implementation mechanisms was generally poor; and although the components of scale-up frameworks were reported, relevant frameworks were rarely referenced.

Conclusion

Many studies report implementation of QI interventions, but few report successful scale-up from single to multiple-site implementation. Greater use of implementation science methodology may help determine what works, where and why, thereby aiding more widespread scale-up and dissemination of perioperative QI interventions.