bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioorthogonal metabolic labeling of the virulence factor phenolic glycolipid in mycobacteria
Authors: Guzmán Lindsay E. , Cambier C. J. , Cheng Tan-Yun , Naqvi Kubra F. , Shiloh Michael U. , Moody D. Branch , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: November 2023

Surface lipids on pathogenic mycobacteria modulate infection outcomes by regulating host immune responses. Phenolic glycolipid (PGL) is a host-modulating surface lipid that varies among clinicalMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains. PGL is also found inMycobacterium marinumwhere it promotes infection of zebrafish through effects on the innate immune system. Given the important role this lipid plays in the host-pathogen relationship, tools for profiling its abundance, spatial distribution, and dynamics are needed. Here we report a strategy for imaging PGL in live mycobacteria using bioorthogonal metabolic labeling. We functionalized the PGL precursorp-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHB) with an azide group (3-azidopHB). When fed to mycobacteria, 3-azidopHB was incorporated into the cell surface, which could then be visualized via bioorthogonal conjugation of a fluorescent probe. We confirmed that 3-azidopHB incorporates into PGL using mass spectrometry methods and demonstrated selectivity for PGL-producingMycobacterium marinumandMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains. Finally, we applied this metabolic labeling strategy to study the dynamics of PGL within the mycobacterial membrane. This new tool enables visualization of PGL which may facilitate studies of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
The many dimensions of combination therapy: How to combine antibiotics to limit resistance evolution
Authors: Nyhoegen Christin , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Uecker Hildegard
Published: November 2023

In combination therapy, bacteria are challenged with two or more antibiotics simultaneously. Ideally, separate mutations are required to adapt to each of them, which isa prioriexpected to hinder the evolution of full resistance. Yet, the success of this strategy ultimately depends on how well the combination controls the growth of bacteria with and without resistance mutations. To design a combination treatment, we need to choose drugs and their doses and decide how many drugs get mixed. Which combinations are good? To answer this question, we set up a stochastic pharmacodynamic model and determine the probability to successfully eradicate a bacterial population. We consider bacteriostatic and two types of bactericidal drugs – those that kill independent of replication and those that kill during replication. To establish results for a null model, we consider non-interacting drugs and implement the two most common models for drug independence – Loewe additivity and Bliss independence. Our results show that combination therapy is almost always better in limiting the evolution of resistance than administering just one drug, even though we keep the total drug dose constant for a ‘fair’ comparison. Yet, exceptions exist for drugs with steep dose-response curves. Combining a bacteriostatic and a bactericidal drug which can kill non-replicating cells is particularly beneficial. Our results suggest that a 50:50 drug ratio – even if not always optimal – is usually a good and safe choice. Applying three or four drugs is beneficial for treatment of strains with large mutation rates but adding more drugs otherwise only provides a marginal benefit or even a disadvantage. By systematically addressing key elements of treatment design, our study provides a basis for future models which take further factors into account. It also highlights conceptual challenges with translating the traditional concepts of drug independence to the single-cell level.
DualNetGO: A Dual Network Model for Protein Function Prediction via Effective Feature Selection
Authors: Chen Zhuoyang , Luo Qiong
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) networks are crucial for automatically annotating protein functions. As multiple PPI networks exist for the same set of proteins that capture properties from different aspects, it is a challenging task to effectively utilize these heterogeneous networks. Recently, several deep learning models have combined PPI networks from all evidence, or concatenated all graph embeddings for protein function prediction. However, the lack of a judicious selection procedure prevents the effective harness of information from different PPI networks, as these networks vary in densities, structures, and noise levels. Consequently, combining protein features indiscriminately could increase the noise level, leading to decreased model performance.

Results

We develop DualNetGO, a dual network model comprised of a classifier and a selector, to predict protein functions by effectively selecting features from different sources including graph embeddings of PPI networks, protein domain and subcellular location information. Evaluation of DualNetGO on human and mouse datasets in comparison with other network-based models show at least 4.5%, 6.2% and 14.2% improvement on Fmax in BP, MF and CC Gene Ontology categories respectively for human, and 3.3%, 10.6% and 7.7% improvement on Fmax for mouse. We demonstrate the generalization capability of our model by training and testing on the CAFA3 data, and show its versatility by incorporating Esm2 embeddings. We further show that our model is insensitive to the choice of graph embedding method and is time- and memory-saving. These results demonstrate that combining a subset of features including PPI networks and protein attributes selected by our model is more effective in utilizing PPI network information than only using one kind of or concatenating graph embeddings from all kinds of PPI networks.

Availability and implementation

The source code of DualNetGO and some of the experiment data are available at:https://github.com/georgedashen/DualNetGO.

Contact

luo@ust.hk,zchen190@connect.hkust-gz.edu.cn

Supplementary Information

Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Considerations for quantitative in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies of solid-state reactions
Authors: Kamm Gabrielle E. , Hu Danrui , Chapman Karena W.
Published: November 2023

The importance of sample preparation in collecting high-fidelity powder diffraction data suitable for quantitative structure and phase analysis is well established. Such powder diffraction experiments are increasingly being applied in situ, during reactions, to explore solid-state reactivity. When applied in situ, X-ray diffraction is widely used to gain insight into the mechanism and kinetics, and to identify dynamic intermediate states. Here, using a model ion-exchange reaction (NaFeO2 + LiCl → LiFeO2 + NaCl), we show that sample preparation not only influences the fidelity of powder diffraction analysis but also impacts the observed reaction progress. Specifically, we found that the observed reaction progress can differ by ∼50% depending on the capillary sample preparation. Thus, for in situ diffraction studies of solid-state reactions, packing fraction is an important and previously unrecognized consideration that impacts reproducibility and fidelity of the reaction study.
Entrepreneurship and self-service technologies as a driver of customer loyalty to the retailer during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alves Filipa Freitas , Veloso Cláudia Miranda , Gomes Santana Félix Elisabete , Sousa Bruno Barbosa , Valeri Marco
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This research aims (i) to assess the level of customer satisfaction and loyalty to self-service technologies and Auchan Retail Portugal, (ii) to identify the determinants of customer satisfaction and loyalty to these technologies and also, (iii) to identify their influence on customer loyalty to this modern distribution retailer operating in Portugal.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model was defined to meet the research objectives and to carry out the quantitative analysis applied to the random sample (n = 483) of customers. The data used where gathered via an online questionnaire survey, which covered all dimensions of the conceptual model, applied in 2021 in Portugal. To validate the hypotheses, Cronbach’s alpha and multiple linear regression models were used.

Findings

The results reveal that customer satisfaction with self-service technologies has a direct and positive effect on customer loyalty to Auchan Retail Portugal. Furthermore, results reveal that the technology utility factors significantly influence the customer technology experience which has an impact on perceived service quality and perceived risk. The findings of this research provide data on how to improve customer adoption and satisfaction with self-service technology and highlight that these technologies should be part of firm’s competitive strategy.

Originality/value

This study presents itself as a novelty for science, while granting important contributions to the retailer. It presents an innovative conceptual model that delivers to Auchan the basis for it to move toward smart retail technologies, aiming at the market trend of personalization. For future research, this study can be used as an instrument to evaluate the customer experience with self-service technology and to examine the determinants and effects of self-service technology separately.
Study on life distribution and prediction method of flexible graphite composite reinforced gasket
Authors: Zhang Yunhao , Shao Chunlei , Kong Jing , Zhou Junwei , Zhou Jianfeng
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to prevent gasket sealing failure in engineering, accurately predict gasket life, extend system life and improve sealing reliability. The accelerated life test method of flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets is established, the life distribution law of flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets is revealed, and the life prediction method of flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets with different allowable leakage rates is proposed, which can provide a reference for the life prediction of other types of gaskets.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets were tested for long-term high-temperature sealing performance on a multi-sample gasket accelerated life test rig. The data were also analyzed using the least squares method and the K-S hypothesis calibration method. A gasket time-dependent leakage model and an accelerated life model were also developed. Constant stress-accelerated life tests were conducted on flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets. On this basis, a gasket life prediction method at different allowable leakage rates was proposed.

Findings

The life distribution law of flexible graphite composite–reinforced gaskets is revealed. The results show that the life of the gasket obeys the Weibull distribution. The time-correlated leakage model and accelerated life model of the gasket were established. And the accelerated life test method of the flexible graphite composite–reinforced gasket was established. The life distribution parameters, accelerated life model parameters and life estimates of gaskets were obtained through tests. On this basis, a gasket life prediction method under different leakage rates was proposed, which can be used as a reference for other types of gaskets.

Practical implications

The research in this paper can better provide guidance for the use and replacement of gaskets in the project, which is also very meaningful for predicting the leakage condition of gaskets in the bolted flange connection system and taking corresponding control measures to reduce energy waste and pollution and ensure the safe operation of industrial equipment.

Originality/value

A multi-specimen gasket-accelerated life test device has been developed, and the design parameters of the device have reached the international advanced level. The life distribution law of the flexible graphite composite–reinforced gasket was revealed. The accelerated life test method for the flexible graphite composite–reinforced gasket was established. The life prediction method of the flexible graphite composite–reinforced gasket under different allowable leakage rates was proposed.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0254/
Entrepreneurs' visibility, media attention and corporate climate risk disclosure – based on Chinese listed companies
Authors: Li Xiaoyi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

As China's economy begins to transform into a high-quality development, and under the national “carbon peak and carbon neutral” target, all sectors of society and industries need to transform to green development to varying degrees, coupled with the catalyst of epidemics and other factors, new development requirements are put forward for enterprises to better fulfill their climate risk disclosure behaviors. Thus, it is clear that improving corporate climate risk disclosure is of far-reaching significance to both countries and enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

This study incorporates management science, psychology and other related knowledge fields, based on stakeholder theory and media dependency theory, and aims to improve the level of corporate compliance with climate risk disclosure, suggesting the influence of entrepreneurs' visibility on corporate climate risk disclosure; on this basis, the role of entrepreneurs' visibility and media attention on corporate climate risk disclosure is verified through an empirical model; finally, targeted and effective response strategies are proposed to improve corporate climate risk disclosure, set reasonable media attention and increase the effectiveness of entrepreneurs' visibility.

Findings

This paper establishes a multiple regression model using A-share listed companies in China from 2016 to 2022 as the research sample, verifies the intrinsic association between entrepreneurial visibility and corporate climate risk climate disclosure through empirical analysis, and further examines the mediating role of media attention in the relationship between the two. The results show that entrepreneurs' visibility is positively related to the level of corporate climate risk disclosure, with media attention playing a part in mediating the relationship between the two. Increasing entrepreneurs' visibility is conducive to increasing the level of corporate climate risk disclosure. Therefore, it contributes to the dual incentive effect of reputation and compensation.

Originality/value

This study incorporates management science, psychology and other related knowledge fields, based on stakeholder theory and media dependency theory, and aims to improve the level of corporate compliance with climate risk disclosure, suggesting the influence of entrepreneurs' visibility on corporate climate risk disclosure; on this basis, the role of entrepreneurs' visibility and media attention on corporate climate risk disclosure is verified through an empirical model; finally, targeted and effective response strategies are proposed to improve corporate climate risk disclosure, set reasonable media attention and increase the effectiveness of entrepreneurs' visibility.
Caring for environment sustainability: how human capital, natural resources and economic growth interact with ecological footprint in Morocco?
Authors: Neifar Malika , Ghorbel Amira , Bouaziz Kawthar
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study attempts to come in help for Morocco by investigating rigorously the linkage between environmental degradation, measured by ecological footprint (EF), and the gross domestic product growth (EG), the human capital (HC) index and the natural resources (NR) depletion over the period of 1980:Q1 to 2021:Q1. The paper examines the validity of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the Moroccan context.

Design/methodology/approach

Unlike previous studies, which are based only on the autoregressif dynamic linear (ARDL) model, this paper investigates two recent models: the novel DYNARDL simulation approach and the Kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) technics and uses in addition the frequency domain causality (FDC) test.

Findings

Models output say a significant and negative association between HC and the EF and a significant and positive interplay between economic growth and environmental quality in the long term. In the short term, findings reveal a significant and negative association between NR and the EF. Based on the FDC test, results conclude about a unidirectional causality from NR to the EF in short-, medium-, and long-term. Moreover, results validate the EKC hypothesis for the Moroccan environment sustainability.

Originality/value

In this study, the researchers use the “ecological footprint” as dependent variable to obtain more accurate and comprehensive assessment of environmental deterioration. Based on time series data investigations, this study is the first paper, which validates the EKC hypothesis and develops important policy implications for Morocco context to achieve sustainable development targets.
Unlocking circular economy potential: evaluating production processes through circular value stream mapping in real case studies
Authors: Kalemkerian Florencia , Pozzi Rossella , Tanco Martin , Creazza Alessandro , Santos Javier
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a new mapping tool called Circular Value Stream Mapping (C-VSM) that combines Circular Economy principles with Lean tools to enhance sustainability performance in operations.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop the C-VSM tool, the researchers conducted a literature review and a focus group. The tool was then applied to two real case studies in the agri-food sector, specifically analyzing an artichoke and olive oil producer, to assess its validity and effectiveness.

Findings

The study introduces the Circular Resource Box (CRB) as a key innovation in the C-VSM tool. This visual representation effectively captures resource circularity and how resources and wastes are managed, making it easy to identify circularity in the production process. By combining qualitative and quantitative information with this visual representation, companies can identify improvement opportunities aligned with the CE.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited in scope as it focuses on the application of the C-VSM tool in the agri-food sector. Further research could explore its applicability in other industries and settings to understand its broader impact.

Practical implications

The C-VSM tool provides practical benefits to companies seeking to transition from linear to circular production processes. It enables practitioners to identify opportunities to reduce environmental impacts and optimize production operations in line with CE.

Originality/value

The introduction of the C-VSM tool is a novel approach that bridges the gap between Lean Manufacturing and CE concepts, advancing the understanding of how CE thinking can be effectively implemented in operations.
Implementing universal design for learning in the library and across campus to promote more inclusive pedagogy
Authors: Kirsch Breanne A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this case study is to determine the effectiveness of the UDL academy in terms of the number of UDL techniques used by faculty after participating in the academy and surveys to explore faculty perceptions of UDL.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative case study utilized faculty surveys about the UDL academy, class observations and review of course syllabi to determine the effectiveness of the UDL academy and explore the experience of implementing UDL.

Findings

The UDL initiative has been a positive and effective experience. Broadly, faculty have had positive perceptions of UDL implementations based on faculty surveys. The effectiveness of the UDL academy was demonstrated by the number of UDL techniques used by faculty increased significantly for faculty that participated in the UDL academy. The control group of faculty members did not increase the number of UDL techniques used based on class observations and a review of course syllabi.

Research limitations/implications

This research is from one librarian's perspective since the librarian led the UDL initiative and is the sole librarian with faculty status currently at the institution. As a proponent of UDL, the librarian's perspective may be biased. Librarians can implement UDL to reduce educational barriers and support student success. Additionally, librarians can offer support to faculty in learning about UDL by offering a similar UDL academy.

Practical implications

Most faculty were able to incorporate UDL elements into their courses and responded positively to the concept of integrating UDL in the classroom, feeling that it helped improve their teaching. These results demonstrate that faculty can integrate UDL into higher education to use effective teaching strategies after participating in a UDL academy.

Originality/value

This paper is an original work describing a campus UDL initiative from a librarian's perspective.
Lipid biomarkers reveal trophic relationships and energetic trade‐offs in contrasting phenotypes of the cold‐water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in Comau Fjord, Chile
Authors: Wall Marlene , Beck Kristina K. , Garcia‐Herrera Nur , Schmidt‐Grieb Gertraud M. , Laudien Jürgen , Höfer Juan , Försterra Günter , Held Christoph , Nehrke Gernot , Espinoza Juan Pablo , Woll Matthias , Graeve Martin , Richter Claudio
Published: November 2023

Benthic suspension feeders like corals and sponges are important bioengineers in many marine habitats, from the shallow tropics to the depth of polar oceans. While they are generally considered opportunistic, little is known about their actual in situ diet. To tackle this limitation, fatty acid trophic markers (FATMs) have been employed to gain insights into the composition of their diet. Yet, these in situ studies have not been combined with physiological investigations to understand how physiological limitations may modulate the biochemistry of these organisms.

Here, we used the cold‐water coral (CWC) Desmophyllum dianthus in its natural habitat in Comau Fjord (Northern Patagonia, Chile) as our model species to assess the trophic ecology in response to contrasting physico‐chemical conditions (variable vs. stable) and ecological drivers (food availability) at three shallow sites and one deep site. We took advantage of the expression of two distinct phenotypes with contrasting performance (growth, biomass, respiration) coinciding with the differences in sampling depth. We analysed the corals' fatty acid composition to evaluate the utility of FATM profiles to gain dietary insights and assess how performance trade‐offs potentially modulate an organism's FATM composition.

We found that 20:1(n‐9) zooplankton markers dominated the deep high‐performance phenotype, while 20:5(n‐3) and 22:6(n‐3) diatom and flagellate markers, respectively, are more prominent in shallow low‐performance phenotype. Surprisingly, both energy stores and performance were higher in the deep phenotype, in spite of measured lower zooplankton availability.

Essential FA concentrations were conserved across sites, likely reflecting required levels for coral functioning and survival. While the deep high‐performance phenotype met with these requirements, the low‐performance phenotype appeared to need more energy to maintain functionality in its highly variable environment, potentially causing intrinsic re‐allocations of energy and enrichment in certain essential markers (20:5(n‐3), 22:6(n‐3)).

Our analysis highlights the biological and ecological insights that can be gained from FATM profiles in CWCs, but also cautions the reliability of FATM as diet tracers under limiting environmental conditions that may also be applicable to other marine organisms.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Stochastic inversion of time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography data by means of an adaptive ensemble‐based approach
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Aleardi Mattia , Madsen Line Meldgaard , Bording Thue Sylvester , Christiansen Anders Vest , Stucchi Eusebio
Published: November 2023

Inversion of time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography is an extension of the conventional electrical resistivity tomography inversion that aims to reconstruct resistivity variations in time. This method is widely used in monitoring subsurface processes such as groundwater evolution. The inverse problem is usually solved through deterministic algorithms, which usually guarantee a fast solution convergence. However, the electrical resistivity tomography inverse problem is ill‐posed and non‐linear, and it could exist more than one resistivity model that explains the observed data. This paper explores a Bayesian approach based on data assimilation, the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation. In particular, we apply an adaptive approach in which the inflation coefficient is chosen based on the error function, that is the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step. Our inversion approach aims to invert the data acquired at two different times simultaneously, estimating the resistivity model and its variation. In addition, the Bayesian approach allows for the assessment of the posterior probability density function needed for quantifying the uncertainties associated with the results. To test the method, we first apply the algorithm to synthetic data generated from realistic resistivity models; then, we invert field data from the Pillemark landfill monitoring station (Samsø, Denmark). Inversion results show that the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step can correctly detect the resistivity variation both in the synthetic and in the field case, with an affordable computational burden. In addition, assessing the uncertainties allows us to interpret the reconstructed resistivity model correctly. This paper demonstrates the potential of the data assimilation approach in Bayesian time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography inversion.
Planting exceptional tropical tree species to increase long‐term carbon storage in assisted secondary succession
Authors: Sugiyama Anna , Game Edward T. , Wright S. Joseph
Published: November 2023

With rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, strategies for greater carbon sequestration and long‐term storage are urgently needed. Current reforestation schemes typically use fast‐growing tree species with low wood density, limiting the amount of carbon stored. In most tropical forests, there are native species with relatively fast growth rates, high wood density and low mortality rates that also achieve large adult size—‘exceptional species’.

We present a simulated assessment of the carbon sequestration potential using these exceptional species in assisted secondary succession in the Neotropics.

In our example, the selected exceptional species could add up to 16.2 Mg C/ha of sequestered carbon in secondary wet forests at maturity.

Synthesis and applications. By increasing the representation of exceptional species in reforestation efforts, we could potentially boost long‐term carbon storage in reforestation projects focussed on carbon sequestration. However, our approach is not a substitute for protecting existing old primary forests and reforested lands plus reducing deforestation and emissions.
The experiences of older adults with cognitive impairment in using falls prevention alarms in hospital: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Stephen Kelly , Campbell Alison
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Bed and chair sensor alarms are commonly used for falls prevention in hospitals, despite questionable efficacy. Research analysing older adults' experiences of alarms is scarce, and adults with cognitive impairment are consistently excluded.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how older adults with cognitive impairment perceive and experience falls prevention alarms in hospital.

Method

A qualitative descriptive design investigated older adults' experiences of alarms in a Geriatric Evaluation and Management ward in Melbourne. Patients were included if they had been provided an alarm. Semi‐structured interviews were the primary method of data collection with two observation sessions and medical record analyses completed to enable triangulation of findings. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, and the Person‐Environment‐Occupation framework was chosen to add insight into the complexities of older adults' experiences of alarms.

Findings

All 11 participants had a level of cognitive impairment with delirium, confusion, or impulsiveness recorded in their medical file. Two overarching themes were identified: communication and collaboration with staff and rationalisation of alarm use. Participants' perceived staff were focussed on falls prevention but experienced a lack of communication about the purpose of alarms. Participants wanted an individualised approach to alarms. Some were comforted with the thought of alarms alerting staff, making them feel well cared for and believed alarms were a useful ‘back‐up’. Others found alarms uncomfortable, frustrating, and restricting. Application of the Person‐Environment‐Occupation framework provided insight into how enabling and restrictive factors can impact whether the alarm is experienced positively or negatively. Seven unwitnessed falls occurred during the participants' admissions. Thirty‐four per cent of alarm triggers observed were considered false alerts.

Conclusion

Older adults commonly reported negative experiences using bed/chair sensor alarms. Occupational therapists have the training to collaborate with people with cognitive impairment and assess the usefulness of alarms in reducing falls, based on how they interact with the older adult's unique person, environment, and occupation domains.
Stillbirths: Contribution of preterm birth and size‐for‐gestational age for 125.4 million total births from nationwide records in 13 countries, 2000–2020
Authors: Okwaraji Yemisrach B. , Suárez‐Idueta Lorena , Ohuma Eric O. , Bradley Ellen , Yargawa Judith , Pingray Veronica , Cormick Gabriela , Gordon Adrienne , Flenady Vicki , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Sakkeus Luule , Abuladze Liili , Heidarzadeh Mohammed , Khalili Narjes , Yunis Khalid A. , Al Bizri Ayah , Karalasingam Shamala D. , Jeganathan Ravichandran , Barranco Arturo , van Dijk Aimée E. , Broeders Lisa , Alyafei Fawzya , AlQubaisi Mai , Razaz Neda , Söderling Jonas , Smith Lucy K. , Matthews Ruth J. , Wood Rachael , Monteath Kirsten , Pereyra Isabel , Pravia Gabriella , Lisonkova Sarka , Wen Qi , Lawn Joy E. , Blencowe Hannah ,   the National Vulnerable Newborn Collaborative Group for Stillbirths
Published: November 2023

Objective

To examine the contribution of preterm birth and size‐for‐gestational age in stillbirths using six ‘newborn types’.

Design

Population‐based multi‐country analyses.

Setting

Births collected through routine data systems in 13 countries.

Sample

125 419 255 total births from 22+0 to 44+6 weeks’ gestation identified from 2000 to 2020.

Methods

We included 635 107 stillbirths from 22+0 weeks’ gestation from 13 countries. We classified all births, including stillbirths, into six ‘newborn types’ based on gestational age information (preterm, PT, <37+0 weeks versus term, T, ≥37+0 weeks) and size‐for‐gestational age defined as small (SGA, <10th centile), appropriate (AGA, 10th–90th centiles) or large (LGA, >90th centile) for gestational age, according to the international newborn size for gestational age and sex INTERGROWTH‐21st standards.

Main outcome measures

Distribution of stillbirths, stillbirth rates and rate ratios according to six newborn types.

Results

635 107 (0.5%) of the 125 419 255 total births resulted in stillbirth after 22+0 weeks. Most stillbirths (74.3%) were preterm. Around 21.2% were SGA types (PT + SGA [16.2%], PT + AGA [48.3%], T + SGA [5.0%]) and 14.1% were LGA types (PT + LGA [9.9%], T + LGA [4.2%]). The median rate ratio (RR) for stillbirth was highest in PT + SGA babies (RR 81.1, interquartile range [IQR], 68.8–118.8) followed by PT + AGA (RR 25.0, IQR, 20.0–34.3), PT + LGA (RR 25.9, IQR, 13.8–28.7) and T + SGA (RR 5.6, IQR, 5.1–6.0) compared with T + AGA. Stillbirth rate ratios were similar for T + LGA versus T + AGA (RR 0.7, IQR, 0.7–1.1). At the population level, 25% of stillbirths were attributable to small‐for‐gestational‐age.

Conclusions

In these high‐quality data from high/middle income countries, almost three‐quarters of stillbirths were born preterm and a fifth small‐for‐gestational age, with the highest stillbirth rates associated with the coexistence of preterm and SGA. Further analyses are needed to better understand patterns of gestation‐specific risk in these populations, as well as patterns in lower‐income contexts, especially those with higher rates of intrapartum stillbirth and SGA.
Two‐stage minimally invasive pulmonary resections with intraoperative localization technique for bilateral multiple primary lung cancers: A case report
Authors: Huang Chuan , Tong Hong‐Feng
Published: November 2023

Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) are becoming more and more common and these patients can benefit from minimally invasive surgery. Here, we report a case of a patient diagnosed with synchronous MPLCs who underwent bilateral thoracoscopic pulmonary resections in a two‐stage strategy, and achieved a good surgical outcome and high quality of life. A 66‐year‐old female was found to have one major ground‐glass nodule (GGN) in the right upper lobe and eight minor GGNs in the left upper and lower lobes. The patient underwent right upper lobe resection and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection via single‐utility port thoracoscopic surgery in September 2018. Pathology was lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma pT1bN0M0, IA2. Regular high‐resolution computed tomography examination during 36 months after right upper lobectomy showed gradually increasing diameter and solid component of multiple GGNs in left lung. The patient underwent thoracoscopic multiple pulmonary resections using an intraoperative localization technique in a hybrid operating room in October 2021 and all eight nodules in the left lung were resected. Two segmentectomies and four wedge resections were performed, and the pathological results of the eight nodules included four adenocarcinomas, three adenocarcinomas in situ, and one alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. The two operations were successful with no intra‐ or postoperative 90‐day complications. During more than 20 months of follow‐up after the second operation, the patient had well recovered pulmonary function and physical status with a Karnofsky performance status score of 90 and no local recurrence or metastasis. A two‐stage surgical strategy for synchronous MPLCs is therefore feasible. The surgical strategy, timing of intervention, and extent of pulmonary resection should be individually designed according to the location and characteristics of each nodule. Intraoperative localization of small GGNs is very important to ensure that all nodules are completely and accurately resected during the operation.
Endothelial cell‐specific reduction in mTOR ameliorates age‐related arterial and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Islam Md Torikul , Hall Shelby A. , Dutson Tavia , Bloom Samuel I. , Bramwell R. Colton , Kim John , Tucker Jordan R. , Machin Daniel R. , Donato Anthony J. , Lesniewski Lisa A.
Published: November 2023

Systemic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) delays aging and many age‐related conditions including arterial and metabolic dysfunction. However, the mechanisms and tissues involved in these beneficial effects remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that activation of S6K, a downstream target of mTOR, is increased in arteries with advancing age, and that this occurs preferentially in the endothelium compared with the vascular smooth muscle. Induced endothelial cell‐specific deletion of mTOR reduced protein expression by 60–70%. Although this did not significantly alter arterial and metabolic function in young mice, endothelial mTOR reduction reversed arterial stiffening and improved endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) in old mice, indicating an improvement in age‐related arterial dysfunction. Improvement in arterial function in old mice was concomitant with reductions in arterial cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The reduction in endothelial mTOR also improved glucose tolerance in old mice, and this was associated with attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis and improved lipid tolerance, but was independent of alterations in peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic beta cell function, or fasted plasma lipids in old mice. Lastly, we found that endothelial mTOR reduction suppressed gene expression of senescence and inflammatory markers in endothelial‐rich (i.e., lung) and metabolically active organs (i.e., liver and adipose tissue), which may have contributed to the improvement in metabolic function in old mice. This is the first evidence demonstrating that reducing endothelial mTOR in old age improves arterial and metabolic function. These findings have implications for future drug development.
Expression analysis of NF1‐mutated alleles in a rare compound heterozygous spinal NF1 patient by digital PCR
Authors: Bettinaglio Paola , Tritto Viviana , Paterra Rosina , Eoli Marica , Riva Paola
Published: November 2023

Backgroud

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a heterogeneous neurocutaneous disorder. Spinal neurofibromatosis (SNF) is a distinct clinical entity of NF1, characterized by bilateral neurofibromas involving all spinal nerve roots. Although both forms are caused by intragenic heterozygous variants of NF1, missense variants have been associated with SNF, according to a dominant inheritance model causing haploinsufficiency. Most patients carry pathogenic variants in one of the NF1 alleles; nevertheless, patients with both NF1‐mutated copies have been described. Interestingly, all NF1 variants carried by the known SNF compound heterozygotes were missense/splicing variants or in‐frame insertion‐deletions.

Aims

To investigate whether there is a differential expression of NF1 variant alleles in an NF1 compound heterozygous SNF patient possibly contributing to clinical phenotype.

Materials & methods

We performed an allele‐specific expression study, by chip‐based digital PCR, in an SNF family carrying two NF1 missense variants. We evaluated the expression levels of the two NF1‐mutated alleles both carried by the compound heterozygous SNF patient and his relatives.

Results

Both alleles were expressed at comparable levels in the patient and hyper‐expressed compared to the wild‐type alleles of healthy controls.

Discussion

Here we provide new insights into expression studies of NF1‐mutated transcripts suggesting that a novel pathogenetic mechanism, caused by gain‐of‐function variants, could be associated with SNF.

Conclusions

Further studies should be performed in larger cohorts, opening new perspectives in the NF1 pathogenesis comprehension.
Proteomics analysis identifies the ribosome associated coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein‐124 as a novel interaction partner of nucleophosmin‐1
Authors: Çakırca Gamze , Öztürk Merve Tuzlakoğlu , Telkoparan‐Akillilar Pelin , Güllülü Ömer , Çetinkaya Agit , Tazebay Uygar Halis
Published: November 2023

Background Information

Coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein‐124 (Ccdc124) is a conserved eukaryotic ribosome‐associated RNA‐binding protein which is involved in resuming ribosome activity after stress‐related translational shutdown. Ccdc124 protein is also detected at cellular localizations devoid of ribosomes, such as the centrosome, or the cytokinetic midbody, but its translation‐independent cellular function is currently unknown.

Results

By using an unbiased LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomics approach in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, we identified novel Ccdc124 partners and mapped the cellular organization of interacting proteins, a subset of which are known to be involved in nucleoli biogenesis and function. We then identified a novel interaction between the cancer‐associated multifunctional nucleolar marker nucleophosmin (Npm1) and Ccdc124, and we characterized this interaction both in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and U2OS (osteosarcoma) cells. As expected, in both types of cells, Npm1 and Ccdc124 proteins colocalized within the nucleolus when assayed by immunocytochemical methods, or by monitoring the localization of green fluorescent protein‐tagged Ccdc124.

Conclusions

The nucleolar localization of Ccdc124 was impaired when Npm1 translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm in response to treatment with the DNA‐intercalator and Topo2 inhibitor chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Npm1 is critically involved in maintaining genomic stability by mediating various DNA‐repair pathways, and over‐expression of Npm1 or specific NPM1 mutations have been previously associated with proliferative diseases, such as acute myelogenous leukemia, anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, and solid cancers originating from different tissues.

Significance

Identification of Ccdc124 as a novel interaction partner of Nmp1 within the frame of molecular mechanisms involving nucleolar stress‐sensing and DNA‐damage response is expected to provide novel insights into the biology of cancers associated with aberrations in NPM1.
Deliberating with purpose: Deliberative civic engagement for health policy
Authors: Massie Joanna
Published: November 2023

This article seeks to understand why deliberative civic engagement is chosen as a method of engagement by policymakers, using two jurisdictions as exploratory cases: the Nova Scotia Health Authority's Community Conversations about Collaborative Family Practice Teams and Algoma Ontario Health Team's Citizen Reference Panel on Integrated Care. The purpose is to interrogate a presumption that deliberative civic engagement is choice driven by an alignment between the goals of engagement and theories of deliberation. I find that in both instances, policymakers chose deliberative civic engagement largely because of situational factors, rather than through the theoretical claims of different methods of engagement and the goals of the engagement activity. I argue that for practitioners seeking to embed deliberative processes, greater consideration should be given to the contextual factors that enable or inhibit the commissioning of such activities.
Prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis in implant placement among Portuguese dentists: A web survey
Authors: Correia F. , Ribeiro‐Vidal H. , Gouveia S. , Faria Almeida R.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aims to assess whether antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant placement is commonly used by dentists in Portugal.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional survey study was based on a web survey with 22 questions divided into 5 parts. The 1st part focused on demographic details, work experience, and academic expertise, whereas the 2nd and 3rd parts were about the pre‐ and postoperative antibiotic prescriptions. The 4th and 5th parts focused on dentists' motivation for using/avoiding antibiotic prophylaxis and the use of a protocol, respectively. Data interpretation included descriptive analysis and statistical inference via cross‐tabling with chi‐square adjusted standardised for residual effects.

Results

Of the 204 valid surveys, at least one was received from every large Portuguese city which ensured the national coverage of the survey. Most respondents are not specialist dentists (72%). Sixty‐four percent of the respondents always use antibiotic prophylaxis, while 29% adopt it only when grafting materials are employed. Most respondents use both pre‐ and postoperative regimens (55%). Amoxicillin 875 mg + clavulanic acid 125 mg is the most prescribed antibiotic (57%). Finally, the risk reduction of postoperative infection is the most frequent justification for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (60%).

Conclusions

The results highlight that most of the respondents do not follow the consensual international guidelines for prophylactic antibiotherapy in dental implant placement surgeries. This finding should serve as a rationale to increase the dissemination of those guidelines.
Standardising personalised diabetes care across European health settings: A person‐centred outcome set agreed in a multinational Delphi study
Authors: Porth Ann‐Kristin , Huberts Anouk Sjoukje , Rogge Alizé , Bénard Angèle Helene Marie , Forbes Angus , Strootker Anja , Del Pozo Carmen Hurtado , Kownatka Dagmar , Hopkins David , Nathanson David , Aanstoot Henk‐Jan , Soderberg Jeanette , Eeg‐Olofsson Katarina , Hamilton Kathryn , Delbecque Laure , Ninov Lyudmil , Due‐Christensen Mette , Leutner Michael , Simó Rafael , Vikstrom‐Greve Sara , Rössner Sophia , Flores Vanesa , Seidler Yuki , Hasler Yvonne , Stamm Tanja , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Objective

Standardised person‐reported outcomes (PRO) data can contextualise clinical outcomes enabling precision diabetes monitoring and care. Comprehensive outcome sets can guide this process, but their implementation in routine diabetes care has remained challenging and unsuccessful at international level. We aimed to address this by developing a person‐centred outcome set for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, using a methodology with prospects for increased implementability and sustainability in international health settings.

Methods

We used a three‐round questionnaire‐based Delphi study to reach consensus on the outcome set. We invited key stakeholders from 19 countries via purposive snowball sampling, namely people with diabetes (N = 94), healthcare professionals (N = 65), industry (N = 22) and health authorities (N = 3), to vote on the relevance and measurement frequency of 64 previously identified clinical and person‐reported outcomes. Subsequent consensus meetings concluded the study.

Results

The list of preliminary outcomes was shortlisted via the consensus process to 46 outcomes (27 clinical outcomes and 19 PROs). Two main collection times were recommended: (1) linked to a medical visit (e.g. diabetes‐specific well‐being, symptoms and psychological health) and (2) annually (e.g. clinical data, general well‐being and diabetes self management‐related outcomes).

Conclusions

PROs are often considered in a non‐standardised way in routine diabetes care. We propose a person‐centred outcome set for diabetes, specifically considering psychosocial and behavioural aspects, which was agreed by four international key stakeholder groups. It guides standardised collection of meaningful outcomes at scale, supporting individual and population level healthcare decision making. It will be implemented and tested in Europe as part of the H2O project.
Preparation and chemical stability evaluation of Ln2Zr2O7‐SrZrO3 novel composite ceramics cured simultaneously with An and 90Sr
Authors: Xie Hua , Liu Zhu , Lan Rui , Ding Yun , Wang Lielin , Feng Zhiqiang
Published: November 2023

In response to the low separation efficiency of actinide nuclide (An) and fission product (FP) in the separation process of high‐level radioactive waste, as well as the large amount of secondary waste. A novel Ln(1‐x)SrxZrO(3.5‐0.5x) (0 ≤ x ≤1) multiphase ceramic waste form (Nd3+ simulating An3+), which can cure both An and Sr simultaneously, was in‐situ synthesized by sol‐gel spray pyrolysis method. The series of multiphase ceramics are composed of cubic pyrochlore phase Nd2Zr2O7 (NZO) and orthorhombic perovskite phase SrZrO3 (SZO), without any accompanying impurities. The two phases exhibit excellent compatibility, and their content can change regularly with the change of x. Nd and Sr occupy their most stable crystal lattice positions, with low transposition doping levels. The density of the composite ceramics is high, and the measured density is as high as 88 % of the theoretical density. The above experimental results confirm that the new multiphase ceramics can cure An and Sr simultaneously and separately, showing strong adaptability to waste components and high chemical stability.