bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-150 Different gradient altitude training on the impact of RET、 EPO and RBC
Authors: Zong Lei
Published: October 2018

Objective This study is based on the regional characteristics of Guizhou Province, athletes living in the subplateau and training in the  plateau-plain and the high plateau-plain.The effects of altitude training on hematological indexes of EPO、RBC and RET.To evaluate the two training modes is more beneficial to endurance runners and explore which one is better. To provide scientific reference for sports training practice.

Methods  Twenty male endurance runners and divided into two groups (all living on subplateau )： plateau-plain group and high plateau-plain。One group reached to the 1900 m plateau and the other one reached to the 2900 m plateau,training 3 weeks ；The two groups then reached to the plain for 3 weeks of training。Finally arrived at the sub-plateau for performance testing.Using multivariate analysis of variance to test significant differences between groups，The data are represented by the standard deviation of the average（）.P＜0.05 is a significant difference，P＜0.01 is a very significant difference.

Results 1 EPO

There is no significant difference in EPO between 1900m plateau and 2900m plateau athletes.at the end of plain  the amplitude of elevation and basic value of high altitude group is more than that of high altitude group.

2 RBC    

Comparison of RBC  between plateau group and high altitude group during the period of plateau, there is significant difference at the end of plateau (P=0. 049 < 0. 05), and there is a significant difference between the two groups at the end of plateau training (P=0. 043 < 0. 05). The change trend of the two groups is the same, but the increasing  is more than the high plateau group, and the decreasing is relatively less during the plain period, and it showed an upward trend at the end of the plain period.

3 Ret

There is significant difference in RET between the two groups (P=0. 018 < 0. 05) when the endurance runners arrived at the plateau at the first weak.  RET at 2900m altitude is significantly higher than that at 1900m altitude, and at the end of the plateau, the increase of RET in the high plateau group is still higher than that in the plateau group. There is no significant difference between the two groups during the plain period.

Conclusions The influence of altitude training on the EPO of the SUBPlateau athletes is more profound than that of the plateau group. During the first week of plateau, EPO decreased significantly, but it fluctuated up and down later, and the two groups are on upward trend during the period of plain. However, the percentage of elevation in the plateau is higher in the high altitude group than in the high altitude group.

After plateau training, chose 2900m plateau  for training, and the hematopoietic function of bone marrow is improve greatly, nutrition supplement should be paid attention to after plateau training. To prevent the effect of RBC reduction.
PO-157 Effect of exercise training on mitochondrial content after ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rat
Authors: Shu Tian , Bo Hai , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effect exercise training on mitochondrial content after ischemia in the cerebral cortex, and the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in this process.

Methods  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): Sham operation group (SH), Sham operation and training group (ST), ischemia control group (IC), ischemia and training group (IT). The ischemia model rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion   which was produced by the intraluminal suture technique. The rats in the sham group underwent the same procedure except for the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Fourteen days after operation, the exercise training animals were exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% grade for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Mitochondrial membrane potent was determined using JC-1. ATP synthesis capacity was determined using a bioluminescence technique. The protein expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam, PINK1 and Parkin in cerebral cortex were detected by Western-blotting.

Results Compared with SH group, ischemia attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthesis capacity, and the expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam in cerebral cortex (P<0.05~0.01). Furthermore, ischemia increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin (P<0.05~0.01). Compared with IC group, exercise training elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthesis capacity, and the expression of VDAC-1, COXIV, PGC-1α, Tfam, PINK1, Parkin in IT group (P<0.05~0.01).

Conclusions A combination of reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitophage seems to be responsible for the decrease in mitochondrial content after ischemia. Exercise training after ischemia elevated mitochondrial content and function in cerebral cortex, which may be mediated by appropriately increase and co-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophage.
PO-158 Association Of Glucose Metabolism and Physical Activity By Chronotype in Elderly Japanese Adults
Authors: Zhang Qiwei , Murata Hiroko , Ito Tomoko , Kawakami Ryoko , Shibata Shigenobu , Higuchi Mitsuru
Published: October 2018

Objective Chronotype is a trait determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to external light-dark cycle. Although evening chronotype has been reported to be associated with bad glucose control and low physical activity in middle-aged adults, it is not known whether it is true in elderly people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and physical activity by chronotype (circadian rhythm) in elderly Japanese adults.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 178 adults (72 men and 106 women), aged 60-79 years, who were classified into three chronotype groups, ”definitely morning type (DMT)”, “moderately morning type (MMT)” and “neither type (NET)”, based on the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire scores (MEQ-Score). All participants were required to report their daily rhythms of behavior, such as meal time and sleep-wake cycle. Additionally, their physical activity were measured by an uniaxial accelerometer (Kenz Lifecorder EX, SUZUKEN, Nagoya, Japan). Energy intake was assessed by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis after an overnight fast.

Results BMI and serum insulin in the DMT group was significantly higher than MMT and NET groups in male. The DMT group had a significantly shorter time interval between dinner and sleep than the other two groups, both in male and female. After adjustment for covariates (age, smoking and alcohol status, energy intakes, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration), the BMI, serum insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HOMA-IR in the DMT group was significantly higher than other groups. However, after adjustment for the time interval between dinner and sleep, the significant difference had disappeared.

There was significant difference in terms of low-intensity physical activity between male and female. And MVPA in the DMT group, the subjects with low MVPA (<23Mets·hour/week) had higher FBG, serum insulin and HOMA-IR than the subjects with high MVPA (>23Mets·hour/week) in men, but not in women.

Conclusions This study demonstrated that the DMT group with early sleep-wake lifestyle had higher BMI,  FBG, serum insulin and HOMA-IR, specially in elderly Japanese men with low MVPA, but not in women.
PO-170 Epidemiology of children's febrile seizures and prospects for health education
Authors: Hu Liang Yi , Zhen Zhi Ping
Published: October 2018

Objective  In this paper, through the epidemiological characteristics of febrile seizures (FS) and the status quo of health education, the non-drug prevention system based on scientific physical activity intervention is gradually formed in the future, so as to establish "knowledge, pr34evention, medical, nursing ,sports nutrition” The protection and maintenance of the five-in-one sports promotion health network lays the theoretical foundation.

Methods Through domestic and foreign literatures, CNKI, Pubmed, Web of science and other databases are reviewed.

Results (1) The exclusion criteria of FS are similar at home and abroad, only the definitions of onset age are different, the disease has age dependence.(2) The index of FS prognosis health assessment is single. There are few reports on the post-exercise ability and physical changes of FS children. And there is a lack of preventive health care related to exercise and brain health.(3) The descriptive study of FS in China lacks the incidence rate based on large-scale population samples, and the interventional research is limited to the clinic. The prevention and prognosis interventions for this disease lack relevant health education guidelines and intervention programs for kindergartens, schools and communities.(4) In the process of continuous seizures, hypoxia can cause transient or long-term organ damage in the body, affecting the development of the nervous system. The effects of FS on physical fitness are mainly concentrated on balance ability, systemic coordination ability and motor discrimination ability. Balance, sensitivity and coordination quality are related to nervous system, skeletal muscle and sensory organs.

Conclusions The research on the epidemiological characteristics of FS in China needs to be further improved. Prognosis and health assessment should be complementary to physical health and medical health. For children with history of febrile seizures, exercise as a simple, convenient, non-burden, drug-free effective way to promote central nervous system and brain health, has a positive effect on improving the immune level of children with FS and improving the prognosis of brain damage. Provide new ideas for prognosis and prevention, and promote health education and health communication of febrile seizures.
PO-175 Interruption of mitochondrial homeostasis inhibits Irisin biosynthesis in C2C12 Myoblast
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Wang Tiantian , Bo Hai , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Objective Irisin is a PGC-1α dependent myokines suggested to provide the basis for the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other organs. PGC-1α induces the expression of a membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and exercise triggers the cleavage of FNDC5 to secrete irisin into the bloodstream. It was found that low level of Irisin in circulation was accompanied with impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis during aging. However, the relationship between mitochondrial homeostasis and Irisin induction is merely correlative. This study established mitochondrial homeostasis interrupt model in order to explore whether mitochondrial homeostasis involved in regulation of Irisin synthesis.

Methods C2C12 myoblasts were treated with OPA1 siRNA for 48 hours. Mitochondrial energy metabolism was measured with seahorse XF24 Extracelluar Flux Analyzer. Mitochondrial reticulum morphology was monitored with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Protein expressiont of Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, Drp1, FNDC5, PGC-1α, SirT1and GCN5 were measured with Western blot. Content of Irisin in culture medium was determined with Elisa.

Results Compared with control, in OPA1 siRNA myoblast, the expression of Mfn2(-35%, P<0.01), Drp1(-45%, P<0.01), Irisin(-10%, P<0.05), FNDC5(-33%, P<0.01), PGC-1α(-48%, P<0.01), SirT1(-40%, P<0.01), GCN5(-22%, P<0.05) proteins and the levels of cell membrane potential(-92%, P<0.01) and the basic OCR(-20%, P<0.01), ATP potential(-20%, P<0.05), max respiration capacity of mitochondrial(-29%, P<0.05) were decreased significantly. The expression of Mfn1(+39%, P<0.01) was increased significantly.

Conclusions  Interruption of mitochondrial homeostasis inhibits Irisin biosynthesis. This may be related to mitochondrial ATP loss and imbalance energy-sensitive signaling SirT1/GCN5, which in turn suppress PGC-1α and its downstream Irisin.

Supported by NSFC (No. 31771320, 81370454, 31110103919).
PO-179 Prevention of sarcopenia and regulation of the ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation by resistance training
Authors: Chen Hao , Weng Xiquan , Lin Wentao , Zhai Sanhua
Published: October 2018

Objective Study of the effect of treadmill resistance training on the cross section and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK of gastrocnemius of aging rats, and explore the role of resistance training in prevention and regulation of sarcopenia.

Methods 11-month-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 40, SPF grade, initial body weight 776.9 ± 50) were raised in various cages in a room with a room temperature of 23 ± 2°C, a humidity of 40–60%, and a natural light/dark cycle. After eight months, the treated rats were then divided into one sedentary group (control, n = 8/group) and four groups for resistance training (GRT 1-GRT 4, GRT for Group for Resistance Training, n = 8/group) lasting for 8 weeks. For resistance training, GRT1 to GRT4 carried no loading, 30% maximum loading, 50% maximum loading and 70% maximum loading, respectively. The protocol for treadmill running was as follows: 15m/min (speed), 35°C (slope), 15s each time, an interval for 30s between two runnings, four runnings as one training, an interval for 3mins between two training, three training as one cycle, two cycles one training day, and one-day break between two training days. The morphology and cross section of gastrocnemius and the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2、p38MAPK proteins in the rats were examined after 8 weeks’ training. 

Results Compared with the control, GRT1-GRT4 displayed relatively better aligned muscles fibers and noticeably larger cross-sectional area (P＜0.05). The content of p-ERK1/2 (phosphorylated ERK1/2) displayed a descending trend as the loading increased compared with the control (GRT1 VS control, P＞0.05; GRT2 VS control, P＜0.05; GRT3 VS control, P＞0.05; GRT4 VS control, P＞0.05). However, the pairwise comparison revealed that only the difference between GRT1 and GRT2 was significant. Similarly, the content of p-p38MAPK (phosphorylated p38MAPK) displayed a descending trend as the loading increased compared with the control (GRT1 VS control, P＞0.05; GRT2 VS control, P＞0.05; GRT3 VS control, P＜0.01; GRT4 VS control, P＜0.01). Besides, the pairwise comparison revealed that the difference between GRT1 and GRT3 was significant (P＜0.05) and that between GRT1 and GRT4 was even highly significant (P＜0.01).

Conclusions Resistance training with middle-class intensity or above can prevent sarcopenia. ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were subject to high-level phosphorylation in aging skeletal muscles, which resulted from the stress-like status of the aging body. Treadmill training of with middle-class intensity or above can reduce ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation in aging skeletal muscles of rats, which indicates that resistance training can effectively prevent sarcopenia by inhibiting ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation.
PO-180 Effect of Accumulated Exercise and Continuous Exercise on Energy Metabolism
Authors: Wang Songtao , Li Dan , Shuai Xiangyu
Published: October 2018

Objective   Sedentary behavior is the main feature of modern lifestyle, which relate to most chronic diseases. Therefore, it has great significance in both theory and practice of weight control and health promotion to find some exercise modes which can effectively break sedentary lifestyle and increase daily physical activity. The multiple short-time exercise scattered throughout the whole day was called Accumulated Exercise. Accumulated exercise can break the sedentary lifestyle, but our understanding about the energy metabolism and its influence on appetite is limited. This study measured the energy expenditure of two kind of exercise with equal workload (moderate intensity continuous exercise and accumulated exercise) as well as their impact on appetite, in order to enhance the effect and adherence of exercise intervention in weight control and health promotion.

Methods 16 healthy college students (8 male and 8 female) were recruited. Three experiments were randomly carried out with one week’s interval, which were recorded as rest control, accumulated exercise and continuous exercise. Accumulated exercise and continuous exercise were performed on treadmill with 65%VO2max intensity. Continuous exercise was lasted 1 hour without interval, while accumulated exercise was divided 4 times, 15min each, with 1 hour’s interval. The total exercise load (running distance) of the two exercise is equal.

The volume of consumed O2 and generated CO2 in pre-exercise, during exercise, and post-exercise (0-4h) were dynamically monitored. The gastric electricity and appetite scale after exercise, as well as the basal metabolic rate of the next morning was also measured. Using the Peronnet and Massioctte equations to calculate the carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and the total energy expenditure during exercise and post-exercise (0-4h), then compare the differences between the two kind of exercise in energy expenditure, appetite, and gastric electrical activity.

Results   Compared with continuous exercise with equal workload, accumulated exercise can increase fat oxidation (and %) during exercise and exercise interval, as well as the total energy expenditure in exercise interval, especially in male students. However, accumulated exercise has the potential to promote stomach emptying, and then increase the appetite (before bedtime). While the continuous exercise can significantly suppress the appetite of the next meal.

Conclusions   Accumulated exercise and continuous exercise has different advantage in promoting energy (fat) expenditure and suppressing appetite respectively, so they should be jointly applied to enhanced effects of exercise intervention on weight control.
PO-188 Effects of Tai-Chi exercise on blood lipids, inflammatory factors and baPWV of middle-aged and elderly people
Authors: Li Ningchuan , Lian Yin Xia , Wen Shen Shi , Jun Xia , Yan Li Shu , Long Hu Yu
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the interventional effects of 12 months Tai-Chi exercise on blood lipids, inflammatory factors and the interventional mechanism of exercise in arteriosclerosis of middle-aged and elderly people

Methods 30 in middle-aged and elderly people with average age of 63.50±2.91 joined 12 months taijiquan exercise that conducted 60 minutes ecth time, six times per week. Left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV) , left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise programme, by the end of exercise for 6th and 12th month.

Results ①Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 6th month, and the L-baPWV, R-baPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 12th month. ②Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly (P<0.01) at the end of the 6th and the 12th month, and there was no difference of the level of TG and LDL-c between pre-exercise and post-exercise.③Compared with before exercise, the subjects had significantly decreased IL-6 at the end of  6th months of exercise (P < 0.01), and the decrease of hs-CRP was not obvious. At the end of 12 th months, IL-6 and hs-CRP decreased significantly (P < 0.01). ④According to the correlation analysis, baPWV were positively correlated with TC, IL-6 and hs-CRP.

Conclusions 12 months of exercise intervention can effectively reduce the elderly baPWV and ABI level, improve the blood pressure, blood lipid and body inflammation levels, thus to prevent the happening of the atherosclerosis development plays an important role.
PO-194 Urinary metabolomics study on effects of Rhodiola on Marathon Amateurs after Quantitative Exercise Load
Authors: Han Yumei , Jia Yi , Jia Yi , Tian2 Junsheng , Zhang Bo , Xue Xiong
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effect of Chinese medicine Rhodiola on oxidative stress injury in amateur marathon runners after quantitative exercise load (20 km) and explore its mechanism.

Methods Eight marathon amateurs were divided into four groups according to different test time, including before and after quantitative exercise load (group C and group CE), before and after quantitative exercise load after taking a month of the Rhodiola (group MC and group ME). The participants had serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as myocardial enzyme index - creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and glutamic oxaline aminotransferase (AST/GOT) activity evaluated. In order to further explore the mechanism of action of Rhodiola, the urine was analyzed by 1H-HMR metabonomics technique.

Results 1) Compared with group C, the activity of serum CK, LDH and AST/GOT of group CE increased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05), MDA content and SOD activity also increased significantly (P<0.05). A total of fifteen potential biomarkers were found in group CE, such as valine, lactic acid, 2- hydroxy isobutyric acid and so on (P<0.05 and VIP>1). 2) Compared with group CE, the activity of serum CK and AST/GOT and the content of MDA of group ME decreased significantly (P<0.05), eleven metabolites among the fifteen potential biomarkers reverted significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05), which mainly involved in 4 metabolic pathways including alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism and so on.

Conclusions Rhodiola can enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve myocardial damage of marathon amateurs after quantitative exercise load, which may be due to increased synthesis and utilization of aminoacyl-tRNA and other amino acids.
PO-199 Meta analysis of Exercise Intervention on Dyslipidemia in recent 6 years
Authors: Ye Chengjie
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate and evaluate the evidence of exercise intervention in dyslipidemia, this study aims to make a systematic evaluation of exercise intervention in recent 6 years and a summary evaluation of meta analysis.

Methods The electronic database was searched including CNKI, Wanfang. The Chinese key words, dyslipidemia, exercise, physical activity, acute exercise, aerobic exercise, exercise training, etc., were collected from various databases from January 2013 to July 2018. After extracting the data,RevMan5.3 software was used to analyze the merging effect.

Results 2066 subjects were included in 17 articles, 1026 in the experimental group and 1040 in the control group. The results showed that: (1) Total cholesterol (TC) SMD=-0.74 (95% Cl: -1.07- 0.41,P < 0.00001); (2) Triglyceride (TG) SMD=-0.98 (95%Cl:-1.39 -0.56,P < 0.00001); (3) Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C )SMD=-1.06 (95%Cl: -1.63-0.50, P < 0.00001); (4) High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)SMD = 0. 66 (95% Cl: 0. 39~0.93, P < 0.00001). 

Conclusions  Exercise intervention can effectively reduce the plasma TCG LDL-C concentration and increase the plasma HDL-C concentration.
PO-101 Inhibition of Aerobic Exercise on PKC/CaV1.2 pathway enhanced the function of vascular smooth muscle in hypertension
Authors: Chen Yu , Shi Lijun
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on PKC/CaV1.2 pathway in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)

Methods Twelve-week-old male normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHRs were randomly assigned to sedentary groups (SHR-SED, WKY-SED) and exercise training groups (SHR-EX, WKY-EX). Exercise groups were performed an 8-week moderate-intensity treadmill running. After 8 weeks, vascular contractility of mesenteric arteries was measured. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were obtained with an enzymatic isolation method. CaV1.2 channel currents were examined by using whole-cell patch clamp recording technique.

Results  1) Body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in both WKY-EX and SHR-EX were significantly lower than those of their sedentary counterparts (both P＜0.05). Body weight in SHR-SED was remarkably lower than WKY-SED (P＜0.05), while SBP was much higher than WKY-SED (P＜0.05). 2) PDBu (PKC activator) elicited a tension increase, and Gö6976 (PKC inhibitor) induced vasodilation. Both the responses of PDBu and Gö6976 in SHR-SED were notably increased compared with WKY-SED (both P＜0.05), however, exercise training significantly suppressed these increases (both P＜0.05). 3) Nifedipine (CaV1.2 inhibitor) induced vasodilation. Response to nifedipine in SHR-SED was more sensitive than both SHR-EX and WKY-SED (both P＜0.05). 4). The current density of SHR-SED and WKY-EX exhibited an increase compared to the WKY-SED (both P＜0.05), and the current density of the SHR-EX decreased obviously in contrast with SHR-SED (P＜0.05). Besides, PDBu enlarged current density of all the groups, while Gö6976 decreased current density. The increase or decrease amplitude in SHR-SED was significantly higher than WKY-SED (both P＜0.05), whereas exercise training markedly inhibited those responses (both P＜0.05).

Conclusions Aerobic exercise efficiently prevents the upregulation of PKC/CaV1.2 pathway in hypertension, and enhances the function of vascular smooth muscle.
PO-102 Meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ding Meng
Published: October 2018

Objective To systematically evaluate the impact of exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease

Methods Computers were searched for PubMed, The cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, Medline, and WangFang Date for a decade between 2008 and 2018 to find out about the effects of exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease (VO2peak, HDL, Cholesterol ). Aspects of the clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The included studies were evaluated for quality one by one, and the effects of the training group and the control group were meta-analyzed, and Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software

Results  A total of 5 RCTs were included, including 386 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the VO2peak experimental group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05, 0.01) and the changes in HDL and cholesterol were not significant

Conclusions Exercise intervention can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients with chronic kidney disease without causing excessive burden on the kidney. Exercise can promote the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. However, due to the limitations of the quality of the literature, the meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease needs further improvement.
PO-116 Hematological, hormonal and fitness indices in youth swimmers: gender-related comparisons
Authors: Qiu Jun , Cai Guang , Chen Shuai , Pan Qile , Shen Xunzhang , Kang Jie
Published: October 2018

Objective This study was to evaluate gender differences in hematological, hormonal and fitness parameters among youth swimmers and to explore relationships between erythrocyte indices and aerobic and anaerobic capacity. 

Methods 308 youth swimmers including 137 girls and 171 boys aged 8 to 16 volunteered to participate in this study, and they were divided into three (Beginner, intermediate and advanced) groups based on their training experiences. Blood samples were obtained to determine red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and serum erythropoietin and testosterone levels. VO2max was assessed using a submaximal cycle protocol. 76 girls and 102 boys also undertook a Wingate test to determine their peak anaerobic power. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare gender differences in hematological indices hormonal indices and aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Two-way (gender × training) ANOVA was used to analyze the interactive effect of gender and training on hematological variables.

Results Boys had higher (p<0.05) means than girls for all hematological variables except for erythropoietin and values demonstrated an increase with training in boys. The average VO2max in l∙min-1 and peak anaerobic power in watts were also higher in boys (2.91±0.08 and 547±28, respectively) than girls (2.25±0,07 and 450±26, respectively). Modest but significant (p<0.05) correlations were found between VO2max and red blood cell counts (r=0.252), hemoglobin concentration (r=0.345), or hematocrit (r=0.345) and between peak anaerobic power and red blood cell counts (r=0.304), hemoglobin concentration (r=0.319) or hematocrit (r=0.351). 

Conclusions This study revealed relatively lower yet age- and gender-appropriate hematological, hormonal and fitness indices in youth swimmers. The gender-related differences in erythrocyte indices seems unrelated to erythropoietin and may be explained by the higher testosterone levels seen in boys. Erythrocyte indices may be used as part of talent identification for sports.
PO-236 Associations between sleep quality of college students and different measures of obesity: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Zhen Zhang Mei
Published: October 2018

Objective The majority studies focused on obesity prevention on physical activity and eating behavior. However, epidemiological studies have shown that sleep duration and sleep quality could be an adjustable risk factor for obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep quality with different measurement of obesity in Chinese university students.

Methods A total of 481 college students aged 18-25 years volunteered to participate in this study. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）questionnaire. International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ）was used to determine the physical activity, Psychological status was assessed by Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Body height, weight and waist circumference are measured by a trained researcher. Body composition was evaluated by a bio-impedance device (InBody 230, South Korea). Independent sample t test was applied to compare the sleep characteristics, physical activity, obesity, depression and anxiety in different gender students. The associations among the dependent variables BMI, body fat percentage, and the independent variables age, sleep quality and sleep durations was examined using Multiple linear regression models. SPSS 22.0 (IMB SPSS Inc) was used for all statistical.

Results The BMI (22.9±3.4 vs 21.6±3.2, p＜0.001) of male students were significantly higher than that of female, but the percentage of body fat (18.7±6.9 vs 29.7±7.0, p＜0.001) was lower than that of female. We observed a positive association between sleep quality and body fat percentage (β = 0.166, P = 0.037), and a negative association with age (β = -0.166, P = 0.008) in female students. Sleep quality was associated positively with BMI (β = 0.360, P＜0.001), body fat percentage (β = 0.260, P＜0.001), and age (β = 0.215, P＜0.001) in male students; An inverse correlation between sleep duration and BMI (β = -0.141, P = 0.015), body fat percentage (β = -0.134, P = 0.022) was found, and a positive relationship with  anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) in male students. while an inverse relationship was found with WHR (β = -0.236, P = 0.001), waist circumference (β = -0.169, P = 0.007), and a positive association between sleep duration with anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) and depression scores (β = 0.415, P＜0.001) in female students.

Conclusions The obesity of male and female students goes up with the increase of total score of sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and goes down with the increase of sleep duration, physical activity time and energy consumption. Male obesity increases with age, but female obesity decreases with age. Among the importance of males' sleep duration and sleep quality in the obesity risk assessment, BMI and body fat percentages are more accurate, while for females, BMI and waist circumference is of no statistical significance.
PO-241 Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Activation of Neuroglia Cell and Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Aging Rats
Authors: Xiong Yaya , Jia Jia , Hao Xuanming
Published: October 2018

Objective In recent years, aerobic exercise has been considered as a method of anti-aging. The aging mechanism in nervous system is closely related to increased activation of neuroglia cells and progressing neuroinflammation with aging.This study tried to shed some light on relationship between chronic inflammation accumulation and aerobic exercise so as to understand how exercise intervened nervous aging through inflammation. In this study, we used D- galactose aging models, applying two intervention ways: aerobic exercise during aging process, after that, to explore the changes of astrocytes, microglia and TNF-α expression. This study aims to provide certain evidence that sport plays a role in anti-aging.

Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats at age of eight weeks, are randomly divided into five groups: control group(A), Aging group(S), Aging while exercising group(YS), After aging Quiet group(SA), After aging exercise group(SY). The aging groups were subcutaneously injected with D- galactose 150mg / kg / d for six weeks. Group YS do swimming exercise three times a week,once 60 minutes in the first six weeks. SY had same exercise intervention in the 7-12 week after injection. We took the hippocampus of rats in A, S, YS at the end of the sixth week, and of those in SA, SY at the end of twelfth week. tested the expression of GFAP, CD11b and TNF-α by immunohistochemical staining.

Results 1.GFAP immunohistochemistry: Compared with group A,The expression of GFAP in group S, YS, SA and SY was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with group S, The expression of GFAP in group YS significantly decreased by 20.5% (P<0.01). There is no significant difference between group SA and SY(P > 0.05).

2.CD11b immunohistochemistry: Compared with group A, The expression of CD11b in group S, YS, SA and SY was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with group S, The expression of CD11b in group YS decreased by 18.4% (P < 0.05).There is no significant difference between group SA and SY(P > 0.05).

3.TNF-α Immunohistochemistry: Compared with group A,The expression of TNF-α in group S, YS, SA and SY was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with group S, The expression of TNF-α in group YS decreased by 30.1% (P < 0.01).There is no significant difference between group SA and SY(P > 0.05).

Conclusions Exercise could effectively delay aging progression through improving neuroinflammation, but hard to reverse it, so the earlier in age to exercise, the better to delay aging.
PO-251 Aerobic physical training in cool environment protects rat brain against oxidative damage during rest and exercise in heat through the increased expression level of HSP70
Authors: Wang Dalei
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of the study was to explore the mechanism underlying physical training in cool environment (20˚C) improving tolerance to exercise-heat stress.

Methods Rats were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group(AE group) and control group (C group). Rats of AE group undertook 5 weeks aerobic physical training in cool environment, rats of C group were kept sedentary. Through Western blotting method, the expression of HSP70 in rats motor cortex of both groups was detected. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GPX) in rat motor cortex were detected immediately after 1h heat exposure or exhaustive exercise in heat (38-40 ˚C). The exhaustion time and changes of rectal temperature during exhaustive exercise were recorded.

Results Results showed that, the HSP70 expression of AE group is higher than C group (P<0.05). After 1h heat exposure or exhaustive exercise, the XOD and MDA of AE group are all lower than C group (P<0.05). The HRSC, SOD and GSH-PX of AE group are all higher than C group (P<0.05). At 30, 45 and 60 min time point, the rectal temperature of AE group are all lower than C group (P<0.05). The exhaustion time of AE group is higher than C group(P<0.05).

Conclusions Our results suggest that the enhanced expression of HSP70 and the decreased rise rate of core temperature, may result in the lower oxidative damage in rat brain, this may be one important factor for physical training in cool environment improving tolerance to exercise-heat stress.
PO-262 Study on the effect of weight loss in High temperature and High humidity
Authors: Zhao Fan , Liu Yong , Zhou Yi
Published: October 2018

Objective The effects of aerobic exercise on body weight loss in different environments were studied by comparing the changes of relative indexes between high temperature and high humidity and general environment. To provide certain reference basis for weight loss in aerobic training before competition of heavy competitive athletes.

Methods Eight male freestyle wrestlers in Beijing were chosen as the research objects. The body weight, energy metabolism and serum ions were measured before and after one time aerobic exercise (50min,65%VO2max) in general environment (23℃/40%humidity), high temperature and high humidity(33℃/60%humidity).The data were statistically processed by SPSS19.0 software, and Paired-Samples T Test was selected for statistical analysis.

Results Under the same physiological load, one time aerobic exercise was carried out in high temperature and high humidity and general environment, the weight of high temperature and high humidity group decreased 1.91%, the amplitude was slightly larger than that of general environment group. The energy metabolism in the hyperthermia and humidity group was 1.52g higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group, the energy expenditure at 2 hours after exercise was 0.95% higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group, and the energy metabolism during 8 hours sleep was 14.86% higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group (p<0.05). Na+ and Cl- were significantly higher after general environmental exercise than before (P<0.05), while K +, Mg2 + were slightly lower than before exercise. After high temperature and humidity exercise, Mg2+ was significantly lower than that before (P<0.01). K+ decreased slightly, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ was slightly higher than that before exercise. According to the change of ion index, aerobic exercise may have little adverse effect on the balance of internal environment under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, which can be improved by the supplement of electrolyte drink.

Conclusions In high temperature and high humidity environment, aerobic exercise has a relatively good effect on weight loss. In order to reduce the change of internal environment, electrolyte drink can be added in the process of weight loss aerobic training. Athletes can withstand the weight reduction and control training at different ambient temperatures, subjectively accept the thermal environment. Therefore, the choice of high temperature and high humidity aerobic exercise in fast weight loss stage will be an effective means of weight loss before competition.
PO-267 Effects of long-term exercise on executive function for young people
Authors: Yang Yuan , Guo Wang , Yan ShouFu
Published: October 2018

Objective Executive function is a cognitive control process that monitors, adjusts and plans task activities. Relevant studies have shown that exercise have positive impacts on executive function of human body, but previous studies mostly focus on children or elderly, the study of young people is not in-depth. This study explores whether exercise affects the executive control function of young people

by comparing who have the habit of exercising all the year round with who have been sedentary.

Methods 12 graduate students from the Graduate School of Capital University of Physical Education and sports were taken as participants. According to the exercise habits, 6 participants with long-term exercise habits were divided into exercise group and 6 participants with sedentary and low-activity habits were divided into control group. The E-prime software was used to program classic arrows Flanker task to measure the execution control function of participants. The formal experimental procedure was divided into four blocks. The first and third blocks were consistent tasks, the second and fourth blocks were inconsistent tasks. The SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the experimental data.

Results The behavior data were analyzed with 2 (exercise habit group)*2 (task type) repeated measurement ANOVA to investigate the responsiveness of different exercise habits to flanker task. The results showed that for accuracy, the main effect of task type was significant F (1,10) = 21.729, P =.001, 2 =.685, and the interaction effect between task type and group was significant F (1,10) = 7.519, P =.021, 2 =.429, indicating that the participants with long-term exercise habits had higher accuracy than those who with sedentary. The accuracy of consistent tasks is higher than inconsistent tasks. For response time, the main effect of task type was significant F (1,10) = 5.277, P =. 044, 2 =. 345; the interaction effect of task type and group was not significant F (1,10) =. 107, P =. 751, 2 =. 011, indicating that there were differences in response time between participants in the process of accomplishing consistent and inconsistent tasks, but there was no significant difference in the reaction time between participants with long-term exercise habits and sedentary.

Conclusions  Long-term exercise may has positive effects on executive function of young people, especially on accuracy of completing cognitive process, and the related brain mechanisms need to be further studied.
PO-268 Heart rate variability to assess ventilatory threshold in overweight young men
Authors: Huang Chuanye , Pan Mingling
Published: October 2018

Objective The individualized training intensity is important in the prevention of overweight and obesity. Our study compared heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and work load (WL) corresponded to the anaerobic threshold during an incremental cycling test between ventilatory (VT) and heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) methods. Further, we examined the validity of three heart rate variability analyses to assess VT in overweight young men.

Methods Sixteen overweight young men (age 21.1±1.7 years, height 175.3±5.5 cm, weight 84.0±6.7kg, body mass index 27.3±1.2 kg/m2, VO2peak33.6±4.3ml/min/kg ) performed a gradual exercise test on a cycle ergometer (Lode Corival，Lode B.V.，Groningen，Newtherlands).The protocol started at 30 W for 2 minutes with subsequent increments of 30 W every 2 minutes until exhaustion. During test, gas exchanges (VO2, VCO2) and ventilation (VE) were measured by breath-by-breath using Metamax 3B portable analyzer (CORTEX, Biophysik GmbH，Leipzig，Germany).  The ventilatory threshold (VT) was identified as the point at which VE for O2 began to rise without a concomitant rise in ventilator equivalent for CO2. The R-R intervals were continuously recorded using a Polar RS800cx HR monitor(Kempele, Finland). HRV data were further analyzed by Kubios HRV analysis software (Kuopio, Finland) based on time-domain (RMSSD) , Poincare plots(SD1) and time-varying spectral (fHF×HFP) methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Normal distribution of variables was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relationship between HRVT variables and VT was assessed using paired t-test and Pearson’s production correlation. The magnitude of concordance between the methods was further evaluated by Bland-Altman plots.

Results No significant difference was witnessed in HR, VO2, and WL related to AT between HRVT and VT methods（P<0.05）. The relationships were found between the methods to determine the AT for all variables analyzed (r=0.40-0.91). Additionally, the Bland-Altman plots revealed that findings showing narrow limits of agreement present for fHF×HFP and the VT whilst the association between RMSSD, SD1 and VT showed wider limits.

Conclusions The estimation of the HRVT, especially derived through the time-varying spectral (fHF×HFP), may be a noninvasive and more robust method to determine the VT, which could be used to adapt individualized training intensity to overweight young men for training prescription.
PO-275 Effect of acute photobiomodulation treatment on the recovery of exhaustive exercise-induced motor dysfunction
Authors: Yang Luodan , Wu Chongyun , Xiao Mengyun , Peng Guangcong , Zhang Quanguang
Published: October 2018

Objective Photobiomodulation (PBM), originally known as “low-level laser therapy”, has been recognized as an effective methond to relieve pain, reduce inflammtion and improve healing. PBM induces photobiological effect at the the cellular level without thermal and toxic effects. Currently, PBM study on muscle recovery after exercise mainly focouses on the changes of molecular and immunological parameters. This study was designed to analyze the effect of acute PBM treatment on exhaustive exercise-induced behaviorial changes.

Methods 1. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8, each group): Control group without exhaustive exercise (Cont), Exhaustive exercise group (EE) and acute PBM treatment group (APBM). Acute PBM were conducted immediately using a diode laser with continuous wave (CW) at 808 nm (350 mW/cm2) after exhaustive exercise. Each paws were treated using PBM for 2 minutes. Grisp test were performed 24 hours after exhaustive exercise. The grisp strength score and the hanging time on the rope were recorded and analyzed using Sigmastat.

Results 1. Signficant decreases of the grisp strength score and the hanging time were observed in the EE group compared with control group. 2. The motor function in the acute PBM treatment group were significantly improved.

Conclusions Acute photobiomodulation treatment with 808 nm laser can signicicantly enchance the recovery of exhaustive exercise-induced motor dysfunction .
PO-281 Vibration Training Restores Food Intake and Body Weight in a Rat Model of Depression
Authors: Peng Guangcong , Yang Luodan , Wu Chongyun , Hou Jun , Zhang Limei , Xiao Mengyun , Wu Chunyi , Zhang Quanguang
Published: October 2018

Objective Stress is well known to negatively affect body weight and food intake in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been well elucidated and effective treatment is lacking. This project was initiated to study the potential beneficial effect of vibration training, a novel neuromuscular training method, in the treatment of depression.

Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: 1) naïve control group, 2) depressive disorder group, and 3) depression with vibration training treatment group. To develop a depression phenotype, rats were individually and gently restricted in a modified, well-ventilated tube for 4 h every day for 21 days. Animals in vibration training treatment group were subjected to 30 min of vibration training (30 Hz, 5 days / week) for continuous 5 weeks. Body weight, physical and mental condition, and food intake were recorded daily and the data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups.

Results 1. Daily body weight and food intake measurements revealed that both parameters decreased rapidly after the initiating daily restraint stress, compared with control group.  Intriguingly, both body weight and food intake of the depressive disorder group with 5-week vibration training were significantly improved. 2. The secretion of serotonin and dopamine in animals with chronic restraint stress were decreased compared with normal animals, and this attenuation was significantly prevented by vibration training.

Conclusions The present study demonstrates that vibration training is capable of restoring food intake and body weight in a rat model of chronic restraint stress-induced depression.