bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF FEED QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SILAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRIDS CULTIVATED IN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Kızılsımsek Mustafa , Günaydın Tuğba , Akbay Fatma
Published: June 2024

The research was carried out in Kahramanmaras Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute (DAGTEM) in the main crop growing season of 2019 and 2020, in a randomized blocks trial design with three replications to determine the silage quality characteristics of 20 different silage maize hybrids (Macha, Ranger, Simon, AS160, Dracma, DS0224, DKC6442, Colonia, Inove, Antex, Everest, Torro, 73may81, Kilowaatt, Klips, PR31Y43, 30B74, DKC7240, C955, and Gladius). The study showed that silage quality varied significantly for maize hybrids and the region's climatic conditions in different years. According to the two-year average results, the dry matter content (T60), dry matter recovery, crude protein content, crude ash content, starch content, NDF content, ADF content, and ADL content were between 28.43-32.59%, 90.11-97.69%, 6.01-7.44%, 4.93-7.52%, 18.88-27.04%, 44.28-54.69%, 23.85-30.30%, and 2.00-3.62%, respectively, and C955, Everest, and PR31Y43 were the hybrids that potential silage nutritional value of them was prominent.
Visual Servo Algorithm Of Robot Arm For Pick And Place Application
Authors:   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Wei Chuah Zuo , Mohd Zaman Mohd Hairi ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Ibrahim Mohd Faisal ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The robot arm is a device consisting of a moving chain of links connected by joints. Electrical motors are frequently used to move each robot arm joint. An end-effector that can move freely in space is usually attached to one end of the robot platform, which is fixed. Robot arms can do repetitive operations at rates and precision far exceeding human operators. Nowadays, robot arm systems are widely used worldwide to increase the quality and efficiency of the manufacturing process in the industry. Typical applications of the robot arm system are assembly, painting, welding, pick and place operation, and others. Besides, many industries employ robot arms for various jobs such as selecting and putting, painting, and material handling. However, one of the most challenging issues in completing these jobs is determining the target location of the robot arm's end-effector. There are two different methods for analyzing the robot arm's movement: forward and inverse kinematic analysis. Based on the visual servo algorithm, this study uses inverse kinematics to execute the pick and place operation. First, an object recognition algorithm is implemented to identify the object to be grasped. Then, an algorithm to avoid any obstacles is done. The study's findings show that good system performance has been obtained in all three algorithms: first, object recognition algorithm, second, obstacle avoidance algorithm, and lastly, visual servobased pick and place operation. Thus, it can be concluded that the robot arm's visual servo algorithm is suitable for pick-and-place applications.
A Critical Review of Soil Models and Factors Affecting Earth Retaining Structures Design
Authors:   College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Al-Jadriya, 10070, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Taie Abbas Jawad ,   College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, 10070, Baghdad, Iraq, Ahmed Mahmood Diab ,   College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, 10070, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Earth retaining structures, ERSs, are used in many engineering fields. Special considerations and technical knowledge in geotechnical engineering should be adopted in the modeling, analysis, and design of ERSs. Some of these considerations are related to the soil models, and (quality, settlement, and inclination) of the backfill and foundation soils of the retaining wall, RW, as presented in this critical review. This review shows that the analysis and design of ERSs are highly affected by model adopted for soil behavior, and the quality and characteristics of backfill materials. The backfill materials affect the selection of material type and performance of the ERSs, furthermore, they impact the soil interaction with RW. In selecting an appropriate model, it is important to consider the effect of soil history and stress changes that may the soil experience in the future. The design of some types of ERSs, backfilled with a material predominantly finer than the coarse sand grain size, should be conducted with precautions due to the possibility of lateral earth pressure (LEP) changing from active state to at-rest state after construction. It is worthwhile to consider both short-term and long-term settlements in the analysis and design of ERSs as there are specific types of ERSs that can tolerate large short-term settlements but cannot tolerate large long-term settlements. Finally, under both static and dynamic loadings, the angle of inclination of the backfill soil greatly affects the distribution of LEP and the value of the resultant force behind the RW.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of Biogas Plant with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Technology
Authors:   Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Rosli Masli Irwan ,   Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Fekeri Ahmad Faris ,   Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Abg Shamsuddin Dyg Siti Nurzailyn ,   Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ikhsan Ikhmal Zariq Al Imran Jamal ,   Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Shukor Izan Shukrizal ,   Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Muhamad Mohd Hafizuddin ,   Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad Razali Nur Ain Nadhirah ,   Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Biogas-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) plants offer a sustainable energy solution, but their operation can pose significant hazards and risks. Ensuring the safety of these plants is paramount, especially given the potential for fires, explosions, and chemical exposures. This study evaluated hazards and risks in biogasfed proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) plants using six analytical methods: Dow's fire and explosion index (FEI), Dow's chemical expo-sure index (CEI), Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Risk Matrix Analysis (RMA), Bayesian Network (BN) and ALOHA® software hazard modelling. The FEI analysis revealed that the anaerobic digester and bio-gas storage tank exhibited severe hazards (FEI =170), thereby signifying the highest risks within the plant. CEI analysis revealed the spread of the highest hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration up to 129 meters from the anaerobic digester and storage tank location. Further assessment was conducted, calculating risk values using the RMA and performing additional HAZOP analysis specifically for these units. The results confirmed similar risk levels (4-20) between the units, except for a higher explosion risk in the storage tank. The novelty of this research lies in the application of Bayesian Network (BN) analysis. In addition to assessing the hazards associated with PEMFC, our BN analysis reveals that the risk of fire attributed to PEMFC ranges between 10% and 18%, while the risk of explosion falls within the range of 3% to 17%. Based on the hierarchy control concept, several effective mitigation controls were proposed to enhance the safety of biogas-fed PEMFC plants. In future research, a deeper exploration of human error and equipment malfunctions within hazard modelling is crucial for a more precise hazard assessment.
Formula Approach: Strategies for Improving Vocational College Students’ Malay Essay Writing Skills
Authors:   Unit Bahasa Melayu, Jabatan Pendidikan Umum, Kolej Vokasional Batu Lanchang, Mohd Yunus Nurul Aini , Zakaria Anies Faziehan ,   Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,   Centre of Engineering Education Research, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,   Kumpulan Penyelidikan Universiti Dinamika TVET, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The acquisition of essay writing skills holds compulsory significance for all Malaysian Vocational Certificate (SVM) students at Vocational Colleges (KV), as these skills are embedded within the SVM Malay language course curriculum. Generally, students at KV exhibit a range of weak to moderate mastery levels in essay writing, particularly in terms of structuring and organizing essays in a systematic manner. Evidently, lackluster student performance was accentuated when a subset of students failed to respond adequately to essay prompts during the End of Semester Assessment, emerging as a substantial contributor to the failure rates within the Malay language subject. A survey unveiled a deficiency in systematic essay writing proficiency, resulting in student hesitancy and disinterest in addressing essay-related queries. In response, the researcher introduced a formulaic approach to essay writing with the aim of elevating student performance. A sample of 24 students from the Electronics Technology Program was selected randomly to participate in this study. Consequently, a study was conducted employing pre-test and post-test assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced formulaic approach within the study sample. The gathered data revealed a notable shift in student achievement levels, evidenced byimprovements in grades post-intervention and alignment with the prescribed scoring criteria. Initially absent in pre-test outcomes, the attainment of an 'A' grade by the study sample became evident following the post-test, wherein the formulaic approach was integrated into the teaching and learning process. This study establishes that students are capable of proficiently and systematically honing their Malay essay writing skills. Through the implementation of a structured methodology, it becomes apparent that learners can effectively bridge identified gaps, thereby enhancing their overall mastery of the subject matter. Consequently, this research holds implications for pedagogical practices geared towards fostering heightened competency in essay writing among SVM students
A Comprehensive Machine Learning Framework for Robust Security Management in Cloud-based Internet of Things Systems
Authors:   Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdul Aziz university, Saudi Arabi, Mohamed Mahmoud , Alosman Khaled ,   Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdul Aziz university, Saudi Arabi
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Machine Learning (ML) in fortifying the security of cloudbased Internet of Things (IoT) systems, using a comprehensive security management approach. The methodological approach involved comparing different ML techniques such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Convolutional Neural Networks. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on the accuracy of threat detection in cloud-based IoT systems. The findings revealed that Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrated the highest accuracy rate (98%) in threat detection, thereby significantly enhancing the security of IoT systems. It also identified improvements in threat detection, prevention, response, and system recovery across all ML techniques. Research limitations were primarily the rapidly evolving nature of both ML and IoT technologies, necessitating continual reassessments. The scope was also limited to cloud-based IoT systems, leaving room for further research on other types of IoT systems. The practical implications included improved system security, which could lead to increased trust and wider adoption of IoT technology in various sectors, from healthcare to home security. The social implications entail a safer digital environment, contributing to data privacy and reducing the risk of cyber threats for individuals and communities. The originality of this paper lies in its comprehensive approach to IoT security management using ML, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of different ML techniques in enhancing threat detection accuracy.
An Early Investigation into Raised-Line Tactile Graphics Reading Behavior among Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals
Authors:   Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Shamsul Bahrin Muhammad Ikmal Hakim , Md Yusof Hazlina ,   Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Sidek Shahrul Na’im ,   Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ghazali Aimi Shazwani ,   Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

It has always been a challenge for blind and visually impaired (BVI) people to comprehend the information on tactile graphics materials. Despite the advancements in tactile graphic design, a comprehensive understanding of how they explore and interpret raised-line tactile graphics is still lacking. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a fingertip tracking system employing color marker detection algorithm to investigate the cognitive process of four totally blind participants associated with the Malaysian Association for The Blind (MAB). Each participant was provided with five distinct kinds of raised-line tactile graphics for reading, and their reading activities were afterwards recorded. All participants exhibited diverse interpretations, exploration times, and difficulty perceptions, showcasing the subjective nature of cognitive processing. It is identified that the complex diagram took longer time of exploration with an average time of 141 seconds compared the simple diagram with an average time of 27.5 seconds. It shows that the complexity of the diagrams did impact participants' cognitive process. Based on the distribution and concentration of fingertip locations, every tactile graphic has salient regions that have been focused on by every participant for recognition and interpretation of the information. It was also identified that the frequently performed exploratory procedures among participants were contour following and lateral motions. However, their reading strategies were too random and lacked systematic patterns. The system aims to be an instrument for visualising the cognitive process underpinning the exploration and interpretation of tactile graphics by people with visual impairment and blindness.
Effect of Welding Parameters on Lap Shear Force of Similar and Dissimilar Friction Stir Spot Welded Aluminium Alloys
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohan Ahmed Esmael ,   Technical College of Al-Musaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq, Sajuri Zainuddin ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,   Advanced Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Baghdadi Amir Hossein ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Jamadon Nashrah Hani ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,   Advanced Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a solid-state single-point welding technique that uses a rotating tool consisting of a shoulder and a pin for joining nonferrous metals and alloys. FSSW produces a keyhole at the welding point, which decreases the mechanical strength of the joints. This study investigates the influences of tool rotational speed (1000, 1250, and 1500 rpm) and dwell time (5, 10, and 15 s) on the shear fracture load of the FSSW joints. Two different grades of aluminium alloy plates, i.e., AA6061 and AA7075 were used to produce similar (7075-7075 and 6061-6061) and dissimilar (6061-7075) alloy joints. The plates with a thickness of 3 mm were folded above each other before a rotating tool pin was plunged through the thickness of the top plate to obtain an FSSW lap joint. It was found that tool rotational speed and dwell time induced a considerable impact on the microstructure, and shear strength. The results indicated that the grain size of microstructure in similar and dissimilar joints was affected by the rotational speed and dwell time. The grain size of the microstructure increased as rotational speed and dwell time increased. The results also showed that a tool rotational speed of 1250 rpm and dwell time of 10 s gave the highest shear fracture load for 7075-7075 similar and 6061-7075 dissimilar joints. However, for 6061-6061 similar joints, the highest mechanical strength was obtained at 1250 rpm and 10 s.
Microhardness and Microstructure of Aluminium Alloy 5052 by High-Pressure Torsion Process and Subsequent Annealing
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Aziz Ahmad Muhammad , Mohamed Intan Fadhlina ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Omar Mohd Zaidi ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Sajur Zainuddin ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Othman Norinsan Kamil ,   Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Aripin Mohammad Azlan ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, City University, 46100, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, Khamis Nor Kamaliana ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Hishamuddin Hawa ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The grain refinement by high-pressure torsion (HPT) process and high-temperature stability have been studied in a commercial non-heat-treated aluminium alloy, 5052. The HPT process was conducted on 10 mm disks of the alloys at room temperature with an applied pressure of 6 GPa for 5 and 10 turns with a rotation speed of 1 rpm. The HPT processing leads to microstructural refinement with an average grain size of ~188 nm and ~156 nm for 5 turns and 10 turns with an increased value of dislocation density. The Vickers microhardness test was performed at 100 gf for a duration of 15 s. It was found that the hardness increased from the onset of straining and saturated at approximately 165 Hv after processing at both 5 and 10 turns. The samples were then annealed at high temperatures. The study demonstrated that annealing at 200 °C for 1 h reduced the hardness by 30% in both samples and enlarged the gain sizes to 226 nm. The results indicated that the rate of hardness decrease is faster in 10 turns compared with 5 turns thus explaining the higher kinetic annihilation phenomenon observed in higher straining in 10 turns due to the higher stored energy in the grains.
A Review on the Evaluating the Influence of Employment Nano-Matekaolin and Additive Materials on the Improvement of Hot Mixture Asphalt Properties
Authors:   Master Student in Building and Construction Engineering Techniques Department, AlMussaib Technical College, Radhi Naba Sabah , Naser Ali Fadhil ,   Faculty of Building and Construction Engineering Techniques Department, Al-Mussaib Technical College, Abed Mohammed Kareem ,   Faculty of Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University
Published: June 2024

In previous years, the world witnessed great urban development which increased interest in this aspect. To keep pace with this development, several things and new materials have been created to raise the standard of road construction. One of these things is the use of nanomaterials. Currently, the use of nanomaterials has become common to improve the asphalt mixtures which are used in the construction of flexible pavement because of the rise in traffic volumes and vehicles loads. This study deals with review of past related studies that improving the properties of asphalt mixtures through the use of nanometakaoline in the hot asphalt mixture in different proportions. Different proportions of nanometakaoline were used for the Hot Mixture Asphalt properties revised in these studies which were shown that the adding of nano-metakaoline led to improve the properties of Hot Mixture Asphalt to resist the traffic load and environmental effects. They used Marshall Test, indirect test, wheel track tests and others tests to exam the properties of improved Hot Mixture Asphalt and compared with the standard mixture (control).
Retrieval of Canopy Scale Tree Functional Traits in Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah Using Airborne LiDAR
Authors:   Institut Perubahan Iklim, Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,, Muhmad Kamarulzaman Aisyah Marliza , Wan Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina ,   Institut Perubahan Iklim, Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohd Said Mohd Nizam ,   Institut Perubahan Iklim, Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,,   Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Omar Hamdan ,   Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia, Abu Bakar Nurul Asyiqin ,   Institut Perubahan Iklim, Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Maizah Saad Siti Nor ,   Kolej Pengajian Alam Bina, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Forest restoration is an effort to restore the growth and balance degraded forest ecosystems, through various approaches such as reforestation, land restoration, endangered species conservation, and forest fire prevention. Conventional field data collection challenges, such as limited spatial coverage, tall tree measurement difficulties, and human observation errors, hinder canopy-scale functional traits monitoring and extraction across forest treatments. The study addresses the importance of forest restoration and the challenges associated with conventional field measurements in extracting canopy scale functional traits by utilizing Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology for more accurate information involving the old growth, natural regeneration, and active restored forests in Danum Valley Conservation Area and INFAPRO Sabah. The study utilized diverse processing algorithms, allometric equations, and correlative modeling methods. At the grid level, various LiDAR functional traits were calculated, leaf area index, gap fraction, and canopy density, alongside assessment of multiple correlative modeling strategies. Linear regression and analysis of variance analyzed relationships between LiDAR-derived and field-derived canopy scale functional traits between different forest treatments. The results showed high R-squared values ranging from 0.73 to 0.91, Anova F-statistics and probability values (p) showed that there is a strong relationship between the field data and predicted LiDAR values for three-canopy scale functional traits in different forest treatment types. These results indicate that LiDAR technology is effective in predicting canopy scale functional traits and has the potential to provide accurate and detailed information on forest restoration areas for future conservation and management efforts.
Equatorial Plasma Bubble Onset During Strong and Weak Neutral Winds Over Southeast Asia
Authors:   School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Sarudin Idahwati , Abdul Hamid Nurul Shazana ,   Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology,   Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Abdullah Mardina ,   Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia, M Buhari Suhaila ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Otsuka Yuichi ,   Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Perwitasari Septi ,   National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Yatin Clara ,   Research Center for Space (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), which are depletions in the ionosphere disrupting radio waves, exhibit complex dynamics influenced by neutral winds. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the onset of EPBs and the velocities of neutral winds. The onset of EPBs was determined from the rate of the Total Electron Content Index (ROTI) keogram obtained using Global Positioning System (GPS) data over the Southeast Asia sector. Meanwhile, thermospheric neutral winds were measured using a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), and the height of the F layer was acquired from an ionosonde, both instruments positioned in Kototabang (KTB), Indonesia. The observations are classified into two cases based on the strength of winds: strong and weak winds on different nights. This study successfully reported the onset time and location of EPBs occurred at 1320 UT (2120 LT) and 100° (500 km) longitude, attributed to pre-reversal enhancement (PRE). We conclude that thermospheric neutral wind makes a significant contribution to the observed onsets of EPBs driven in the zonal direction. Therefore, this finding reinforces past studies that have shown an increase in the height of the F layer could play an important role in determining the onset of EPBs.
High Gain Transparent Grid Array Antenna for Ku-Band Applications
Authors:   Department of Electrical Electronic and System Engineering, A Shirajzudeen Mohammad Jazly , Mohd Sahar Norsuzlin ,   Microwave Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Malaysia,   Space Science Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Malaysia, Mansor Mohd Fais ,   Department of Electrical Electronic and System Engineering,   Microwave Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Malaysia, Mat Kamarulzaman ,   Department of Electrical Electronic and System Engineering,   Microwave Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Malaysia, Misran Norbahiah ,   Department of Electrical Electronic and System Engineering,   Microwave Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Malaysia
Published: June 2024

roducing compact devices for space technology. Transparent antennas are seen as the solution to this problem. With the presence of a transparent antenna, it can save antenna installation space as its transparency properties allow it to be integrated with solar technology. However, the use of transparent material on the antenna causes the antenna gain to be low due to the low conductivity of the material. When a low conductivity material is used it also causes the antenna efficiency to decrease. Therefore, modifications to the antenna design are needed to overcome such problems. This study aims to design a transparent antenna that can operate on Ku-band. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of transparent materials on conductivity, design a transparent antenna with an efficiency as low as 85% and design a grid array antenna to increase gain. The material verification test is carried out by making a comparison of the material in the antenna design simulation that works on Ku-band. The transparent antenna material selected is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Then, the design of the grid array antenna is carried out to increase the antenna gain hence for high efficiency. In this research, 8 loops grid array antennas increase the gain by 52% compared to reference antennas. The antenna meets performance requirements and can be integrated with solar panels to efficiently harness sunlight for electricity generation, while effectively transmitting and receiving wireless signals.
Ideologies in Geospatial Futurism: A Computational and Critical Discourse Inquiry Into the ArcGIS and ESRI-Blogs
Authors: Atteneder Helena , Rodriguez-Amat Joan Ramon
Published: June 2024

Geographic information systems (GIS) are ubiquitous building blocks of geosurveillance environments embedded in everyday social practices. This article builds on the literature on geomedia, the criticisms of GIS, and communicative spaces, to delve into the realm of GIS software and spatial analytics. The data corpus consists of ArcGIS and ESRI blogs on the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) site, which defines itself as the global market leader in GIS software, location intelligence, and mapping. This project assesses the impact of their discursive representations of the future and the societal implications of these views through an iterative process of computational and critical interpretive analyses—extending from LDA topic modelling to critical discourse analysis—to unveil the ideological underpinnings of a corporate-prescribed understanding of (GIS) future. The analysis reveals that representations of the future in the main blogs of the geospatial industry are deeply embedded in ideological principles that emphasise perceived indispensability and technosolutionism as the inherent belief that complex social, political, and economic issues can be solved primarily or exclusively through technological means. The article identifies the rhetorical and structural operations in a discourse that ultimately kidnaps any alternative futures. The geospatial industry’s representations of the future serve as ideological tools that shape perceptions about societal development and democratic conditions. The critical engagement with these representations contributes to understanding the role of GIS technology in the shaping of fair futures built on democratic public spheres in the digital age.
RELIGIOUS SYMBOL: ESSENCE AND FORMS OF MANIFESTATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Predko Olena , Kostiuk Oleksander ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The article examines the characteristic features of religious symbols and their various manifestations. It is emphasized that a religious symbol is a way of attesting to the realm of the transcendent, of revealing its sacred status. Religious symbols ensure the identification of a religious tradition and its construction. By fixing a religious identity, the symbol acts, on the one hand, as the basis for intra-confessional unity and solidarity, and, on the other hand, as a separation from other confessional groups whose collective ideas are formed around other sacred symbols. The religious symbol represents the experience of cult practices of a particular religious tradition. The study reveals the structural components of a religious symbol: symbolic action, the symbolized Absolute, the content of the symbol, its impact on a person as a certain integrity, thanks to which the sacred space is formed. It is emphasized that all structural components of a religious symbol are interrelated, and if any of them is excluded, we will obviously lose the religious symbol itself, which may lead to a violation of the continuity of the integrity of the symbol, and, consequently, its uniqueness and functionality. It is noted that the essential properties of a religious symbol are sacredness, the ability to identify and transform. Moreover, a religious symbol is associated with a person's semantic orientations, constructs his or her life world and priorities in it, and manifests the "inscription" of the sacred realm into both the socio-cultural space and individual religious consciousness. The religious symbol introduces a person into the context of a dialogue that involves cooperation, a certain collaboration in the common field of communicative religious and symbolic practices. The forms of manifestation of the religious symbol at two levels are clarified, on the one hand, at the level of integrity, which is characterized by a certain harmony, coherence of all its components, and on the other hand, at the level of destruction, when a certain gap between the sacred and the profane is observed, which leads to the simulation of the sacred, since the construction of pseudo-reality is observed.
Sleep patterns and quality in university students: characteristics and associated factors
Authors: De Souza Vasconcelos Danilo , Vitória Silva dos Santos Kellen , Cristina Linhares Viana Débora , Tâmara do Nascimento Diniz Isabeli , Carlos Oliveira Silva Ian , Siqueira Torres Borges Maria Clara , Gabrielle de França Ferreira Luana
Published: June 2024

Background: Sleep is vital and influenced by factors such as age, lifestyle, and mental health. College students are always faced with challenges that negatively compromise their sleep and well-being. Objective: To evaluate sleep quality and associated factors among university students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study with 294 students from a public university in northeastern Brazil. Questionnaires on social and health characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale were used for data collection. Results: The study included 294 students with an average age of 21.5 years, 52.7% female, 43.7% from the health field, and 56% from the daytime shift. There was a prevalence of 76.5% of poor sleep quality, with the most impacted components being sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and subjective sleep quality. The average sleep duration on school days was 416 min ± 88min, with 69.4% using an alarm clock. The students exhibited a slightly evening chronotype, correlating with greater social jetlag (r = 0.510; p < 0.001). Students who engaged in physical exercise had better sleep quality (7.9±3.5 vs 9.2±3.9; p = 0.005) and lower stress levels (22±6.1 vs 24.6±6.7; p < 0.001). Additionally, poor sleep quality was also correlated with higher stress (r = 0.326; p < 0.001) and eveningness (r = 0.244; p <0.01). Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among university students, correlated with stress and eveningness. Physical exercise improves sleep quality and reduces stress, demonstrating its importance for student health.
Evaluation of Yield Stability and Adaptability of Oat Genotypes (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Desheva Gergana , Valchinova Evgeniya
Published: June 2024

This study’s main objectives were (i) to determine the stability of oat genotypes for the grain yield (t ha-1), (ii) to investigate the relationship of stability parameters with the grain yield in the analyzed set of genotypes, and (iii) to identify the high-yielding, stable, and adaptive oat genotypes for breeding purposes. The study was conducted during the 2015-22 period and involved fourteen winter oat genotypes maintained in the Bulgarian Seed Gene Bank. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design of variants in three replications and an experimental plot size of 10 m2. Sixteen grain yield stability parameters were determined. The AMMI stability value (ASV), the yield stability index (YSI), and the genotype selection index (GSI) were also calculated. A year and genotype x year interaction had an almost equally dominant effect on the grain yield per hectare. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients indicated that grain yield had significant positive associations with Thennarasu’s non-parametric statistics—the NP(2), NP(3), and NP(4), Kang’s rank-sum (KR), and the YSI. The yield stability parameters estimated the G11, G12, G13, and the G1 genotypes as the most stable. The ASV identified the G14, G8, and the G12 as the most stable genotypes, while the YSI detected the G14, G12, and G11, respectively. The GSI classified the G14, G12, G8, and the G11 as genotypes with the broadest adaptability to adverse climatic conditions. Thus, they could serve as a source material in winter oat breeding programs.
A Machine-Learning Approach for the Assessment of Quantitative Changes in the Tractor Diesel-Engine Oil During Exploitation
Authors: Radočaj Dorijan , Plaščak Ivan , Jurišić Mladen
Published: June 2024

To evaluate the potential of a machine-learning approach in the assessment of quantitative changes in the tractor diesel-engine oil during exploitation, this study aspired to propose a machine-learning regression method to reduce the frequency of expensive and time–consuming engine oil sampling. The input engine-oil datasets with fresh engine oil (Samples A) and with the engine oil subsequent to 250 working hours (Samples B) were sampled for twelve elements in a two–year exploitation study at the Belje company. The field data collection was performed having deployed six heavy, four–wheel-drive FENDT 930 Vario agricultural tractors, each monitored for 1,500 working hours, during which an engine oil was sampled every 250 working hours. The evaluated machine-learning prediction methods, based on a tenfold cross–validation, achieved a moderately high prediction accuracy, with a slightly higher coefficient of determination (R2), in the range of 0.51–0.73, for the Samples B, than those in the range of 0.49–0.64 for the Samples A. These results strongly suggest that none of the machine learning methods constantly achieved high prediction accuracy and that the selection of optimal machine-learning models should be mandatory, having also confirmed a high potential of machine-learning methods in the detection of quantitative changes in tractor diesel-engine oil during exploitation.
The Storage of the Extracted Plant DNA
Authors: Hanzer Renata , Duka Ksenija
Published: June 2024

A high–quality DNA has crucial importance for enzymatic applications in plant molecular biology, including agricultural research. The researchers often need to store the extracted DNA, which has to be suitable for the downstream enzymatic applications, such as a real–time PCR, even after months and years. Storing the DNA as a precipitate in ethanol at –80°C is a commonly used method of preservation. The aim of this research was to determine whether the same was applicable to a temperature of –20°C. In this study, a high-quality DNA from soybean and maize seed was extracted by the widely used CTAB method. The DNA samples were stored at three regimes: water-diluted at +4°C, water-diluted at –20°C, and an undiluted DNA in ethanol at –20°C. The concentration and yield were measured using a spectrophotometer. The impurities and fragmentation were estimated on agarose gel by electrophoresis. Additionally, the DNA was assessed amplifying by the real–time PCR. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were assessed prior and subsequent to an annual storage. The results indicated that ethanol provided excellent protection for a short– term DNA storage at –20°C and probably for a long–term storage due to a reduced water content and slightly basic conditions. Thus, such a storage regime could be an appropriate solution when other options are not available.
Chemical Control of Olive Fungal Diseases
Authors: Petrović Elena , Ćosić Jasenka , Godena Sara , Vrandečić Karolina
Published: June 2024

Despite the advancements in alternative methods of disease control, chemical substances are anticipated to remain a primary measure due to their cost and effectiveness. Currently, the Phytosanitary Information System Database of the Ministry of Agriculture lists 17 registered fungicides specifically approved for controlling the pathogenic fungi affecting olive trees in Croatia. Fungicides containing copper and sulfur are most commonly used, along with the formulations based on tebuconazole, prochloraz, and trifloxystrobin. However, the chemical compounds found in fungicides can often impact the environment. An improper application of fungicides can result in adverse effects in the food chain, leading to the accumulation of residues from the plant-protection agents and posing risks to human and animal health. Therefore, in agriculture, phytomedicine is appropriately regulated by the laws comprehensively. This study delves into specific chemical agents for controlling fungal diseases in olives and assesses the associated hazards.
Makroelementi u mlijeku lakon ovaca u ovisnosti o stadiju laktacije
Authors: Antunović Zvonko , Novoselec Josip , Mioč Boro , Širić Ivan , Držaić Valentino , Klir Šalavardić Željka
Published: June 2024

This research aspires to demonstrate how the stage of lactation influences the content of macroelements in the Lacaune sheep milk. The research was conducted with 30 Lacaune sheep in their fourth lactation during the early (60 days), middle (120 days), and late lactation stages (180 days). The macroelement concentration (Ca, K, Na, and Mg) of the Lacaune sheep milk was determined by the ICP. As lactation progressed, a significant increase in the concentrations of Mg and Na and a significant decrease in K were observed in the Lacaune sheep milk. A stability of Ca and P concentrations during lactation was demonstrated by the lack of significant variation in the Lacaune sheep milk, based on the stage of lactation. A significant positive correlation was detected between Ca:Mg, Ca:P, and K:P, as well as a significant negative correlation between Mg:K and K:Na. The obtained results prove a significant effect of lactation stage on the content of most macroelements in the Lacaune sheep milk, except Ca and P, which should be included in the research scheme.
Occurrence of Serratia marcescens on macrofungi in Hungary
Authors: Dredor Dominik , Szmatona-Túri Tünde
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose: The main objective of this paper is to report the occurrence of Serratia marcescens (Bizio, 1823), a bacterium on macrofungi and review the data of other collectors in Hungary.
Materials and methods: Our mycological research was conducted in ten localities of the North Hungarian Mountain Ranges and in one sampling site of Mezőföld between 2019-2022.
Results: Infection of S. marcescens was recorded on fourteen fungal species in northern Hungary. In addition, we reported 18 occurrence data of this bacterium by other collectors of Hungary. The infection of S. marcescens was highest in autumn. The most abundant infected fungal species was the edible and marketable Lepista personata (Fr.) Cooke, 1871. We identified the most fungal species as substrate in the family Agaricaceae.
Conclusions: We conclude that the infection of S. marcescens of macrofungi was detected independently of life mode and habitat occupied of fungi. However, the seasons influenced the occupancy of this species to varying degrees.
Long term succession of engineering species Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales: Ochrophyta) along the Romanian Black Sea coast
Authors: Marin Oana Alina , Spinu Alina
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose: Cystoseira sensu lato are of great interest due to their primary role in maintaining high biodiversity and the functioning of rocky habitats, and as provider of crucial ecosystem services. Conspicuous historical declines have been reported in many regions, Romanian Black Sea coast included. Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales: Ochrophyta) is the only remaining representative of Cystoseira s. l. along the Romanian coast and currently the most important habitat-forming species, with extended to patchy canopies in the southern rocky coasts. To better understand the status of such ecological important species, we analyse and compare the succession of Gongolaria infralittoral populations during reference (60s), decline (70s) and more recent period (2009 – 2022), based on an extensive literature review (historical quantitative data) and recent information from annual monitoring program.
Material and methods: Quadrats (20 × 20 cm) were used for sampling both in the past and present, with a total number of 144 samples collected between 2009 – 2022. Both historical and recent data were statistically analysed using non – parametric tests due to the absence in normality and homogeneity of data sets.
Results: Following sea ice from 1972 and violent storms as the main drivers of local Gongolaria decline, out of the thirteen known development areas from the reference period, nowadays only five are left. However, recent wet biomass and density values are appropriate to those of the reference period (1962 – 1971) and much higher compared to the maximum decline period (1972 – 1979).
Conclusions: G. barbata has been in a fragile balance along the Romanian coast in the last decade, highly sensitive in front of increasingly anthropogenic activities.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN WORKING WITH STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Шевырева Т.В. , Дорошенко О.В.
Published: June 2024

В статье представлен обзор компьютерных игр, используемых в процессе обучения обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Рассматриваются результаты исследований, посвященных эффективности такого подхода, а также особенности методики использования компьютерных игр для обучения учащихся с интеллектуальными нарушениями. Авторы анализируют преимущества и недостатки данного подхода и предлагают рекомендации по дальнейшему использованию компьютерных игр в образовании обучающихся с умственной отсталостью.

The article provides an overview of computer games used in the learning process for students with disabilities. The article discusses the results of research on the effectiveness of this approach, as well as the specifics of the methodology of using computer games to teach students with intellectual disabilities. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this approach and offer recommendations for further use of computer games in the education of students with mental retardation.