bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan UI UX Desigen Aplikasi Peminjaman Buku Perpustakaan Berbasis Mobile Pada SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta
Authors: Qausar Aidil
Published: June 2023

Transisi kemajuan teknologi saat ini begitu cepat, perpustakaan SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta memiliki antusias pengguna yang begitu besar, dengan memiliki jumlah rentetan buku-buku yang bervariasi dan tentunya telah sesuai standar perpustakaan. Untuk dapat meminjam buku dengan waktu yang relatif panjang siswa dan siswi wajib menjadi anggota perpustakaan sekolah. Alur peminjaman buku siswa dan siswi memilih jenis buku yang diinginkan, selanjutnya buku diserahkan ke petugas perpustakaan untuk dicatat dalam buku induk perpustakaan. Ketika pengembalian buku siswa menyerahkan buku kepada petugas perpustakaan dan petugas melakukan validasi atau pengecekan data tanggal peminjaman dan tanggal pengembalian buku. Permasalahan yang dialami siswa dan siswi seperti mencari terlebih dahulu kategori buku yang ingin dipinjam, siswa menyerahkan kartu anggota perpustakaan untuk diisi data administrasi peminjaman atau pengembalian buku yang masih dilakukan secara manual. Siswa dan siswi harus mengingat selisih antara tanggal peminjaman dan tanggal pengembalian, jika melebihi batas waktu peminjaman maka siswa akan mendapatkan denda akibat keterlambatan dalam pengembalian buku.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dalam penelitian ini penulis memberikan solusi dalam perancangan UI (User Interface) dan UX (User Experience) Design pemimjaman buku perpustakaan.Pembahasan ini berfokus pada beberapa hal mulai dari perancangan UI UX Design aplikasi yang user friendly dengan menggunakan metode waterfall dan UCD. Pembangunan fitur yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, melakukan Prototype atau simulasi secara langsung kepada siswa dan siswi SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta. Dengan harapan pengguna dapat lebih memahami dan mudah beradaptasi dengan aplikasi yang dibuat untuk memaksimalkan siswa dan siswi dalam meminjam buku perpustakaan. Serta diharapkan dapat menghasilkan aplikasi dengan desain yang lebih modern, user friendly dan responsive ketika dipergunakan.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLE CIDER VINEGAR IN THE GROWTH OF Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Prabowo Imam , Shaliha Arifa , Puspita Oktania Sandra
Published: June 2023

Acne is a skin disease caused by Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis-, and Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation. Apple cider vinegar contains antibacterial compounds such as acetic acid, chlorogenic acid, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. This study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial compounds contained in apple cider vinegar against the growth of S.epidermidis and P.acnes, in vitro. The study used the disc diffusion method by utilizing the Mueller Hinton Agar medium. The apple cider vinegar inhibition zone was formed at the concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% against the growth of P.acnes, whereas the inhibition zone against S.epidermidis was formed at the concentration of 50%, 75%, and 100%. The highest inhibition zone against P. acnes was 8,825 mm and against S.epidermidis was 3,725 mm at the concentration of 75%. Test results One-way ANOVA on P.acnes and Kruskal Wallis to S.epidermidis obtained (p) <0,005. This study concludes the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis, where the effectiveness against P. acnes was stronger than against S. epidermidis.
THE EFFECTIVITY OF TRIPLE THERAPY COMPOSITION ON DYSPEPSIA WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Simanjaya Theodora Putri , Harfiani Erna , Citrawati Mila
Published: June 2023

Dyspepsia is a disease with one or more symptoms relating to abnormalities in gastroduodenal. One of the factors that influence dyspepsia is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Clarithromycin-based triple therapy is recommended as first line eradication treatment. Resistance towards clarithromycin is increasing and causing eradication rates in Clarithromycin-based triple therapy to decrease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of triple therapy variation on dyspepsia with H. pylori infection. Data was collected through literature searches on two different databases using the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2020. This systematic review included all relevant articles from 2011-2021. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that metronidazole-based triple therapy is effective in eradicating H. pylori due to its eradication rate surpassing the target rate of 80%. The highest eradication rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) were 94.3% and 93.5%, respectively. The best triple therapy composition is metronidazole-based triple therapy with 7 days of duration.
Desain Aplikasi Software as a Service sebagai Layanan Perbelanjaan Online
Authors: Lutfiani Ninda , Aini Qurotul , Rahardja Untung , Septiani Nanda , Gunawan I Ketut
Published: June 2023

AbstrakPada era teknologi 4.0 saat ini, masyarakat lebih cenderung menggunakan aplikasi perbelanjaan online sebagai media transaksi belanja mereka. Dalam pembuatan aplikasi pembelanjaan online, Software as a Service (SaaS) merupakan perangkat lunak yang dikenal sebagai layanan bersifat online yang memiliki peran penting dalam merancang desain aplikasi perbelanjaan online. iPanda merupakan sistem penjualan yang dapat diakses secara online melalui sebuah website yang menggunakan Software as a Service (SaaS). Dalam pembuatannya diperlukan rancangan prototype guna menghindari kesalahan fatal yang akan terjadi dalam pembuatan aplikasi Software as a Service (SaaS) iPanda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang desain prototype aplikasi perbelanjaan online berbasis Software as a Service (SaaS) iPanda. Desain aplikasi Software as a Service (SaaS) iPanda harus dibuat fleksibel agar siapa pun yang menggunakan aplikasi tersebut dapat dengan mudah mengoperasikannya, tetapi tidak banyak vendor yang membuat aplikasi berbasis Software as a Service (SaaS) ini dibuat dengan sangat fleksibel sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mind mapping dan prototyping. Dengan adanya perancangan desain aplikasi perbelanjaan online membuat desainer mengetahui kesalahan atau kekurangan sejak awal sebelum desain tersebut masuk ke dalam tahap penerapan dan evaluasi. Kata Kunci:  desain aplikasi, iPanda, layanan perbelanjaan online, software as a service AbstractIn the current era of technology 4.0, people are more likely to use online shopping applications as a medium for their shopping transactions. In making online shopping applications, Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software known as an online service that has an essential role in designing online shopping applications. iPanda is a sales system accessed online through a website that uses Software as a Service (SaaS). In its design, a prototype design is needed to avoid fatal errors that will occur in making the iPanda Software as a Service (SaaS) application. This study aims to design an online shopping application prototype based on iPanda's Software as a Service (SaaS). The design of the iPanda Software as a Service (SaaS) application must be made flexible so that anyone who uses the application can efficiently operate it. However, only a few vendors make Software as a Service (SaaS) based applications flexible according to needs. The method used in this research is mind mapping and prototyping. With an online shopping application design, designers know about errors or deficiencies before the design enters the implementation and evaluation stage. Keywords: application design, iPanda, online shopping services, Software as a Service (SaaS)
Is the grass greener on the other side?
Authors: Pisani Michael J. , Cáceres-Zarate Alcides G. , Tello José-Carlos , Becker Silvio-Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Consumer xenocentrism, the belief that the foreign is preferred over the local, is a relatively new construct in the broader country of origin literature. We extend the study of consumer xenocen- trism to Paraguay (South America), an often bypassed and un- derstudied emerging market. Through a purposive survey of 397 middle- and upper-class Paraguayans in 2022, we uncover the existence of consumer xenocentrism and model its relationship to product judgment of regional powers (Argentina and Brazil) and economic superpowers (China and the United States). Our results indicate a positive and significant relationship between Paraguayan consumer xenocentrism and product judgments of Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, but not for China. Mana- gerial and public policy implications of our findings are discussed.
Konstruksi Identitas Kebangsaan Ganda Diaspora Tionghoa Indonesia Melalui Penggunaan Bahasa
Authors: Sidarta Yos
Published: June 2023

National identity is constructed by primordial, sacred, character and economic factors. Indonesia as a multi-ethnic country, the population consists of various ethnic groups and diaspora such as the Chinese, Arab and Indian diaspora. As an independent and sovereign nation, even though there are many tribes and there is also a diaspora, Indonesia's national identity can be recognized by other nations in the world, one of which is through language. The Chinese diaspora is the diaspora with the largest number in Indonesia, after becoming Indonesian citizens they also still have a Chinese national identity considering the history of their ancestors from mainland China. Then when they live in Indonesia and become Indonesian citizens, they use Indonesian as the language of social communication and have an Indonesian national identity. However, their Chinese national identity is still attached. The condition of the formation of a dual national identity in the Chinese diaspora through the use of Chinese and Indonesian languages ​​raises the question, what is their real national identity? Then what social consequences arise as a result of the dual national identity. The purpose of this article is to understand the influence of language on the formation of dual national identity and its consequences. The research method is based on literature study and qualitative data from interviews with several Chinese diaspora families based on their life experiences when they were still in Indonesia.

Keywords: Chinese Diaspora ; Language and Dialect ; National Identity
Analisis Struktur Sosial Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Strategi Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Keluarga
Authors: Sukoco Dear , Hidayat Fahmi , Wardhana Wisnu
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The plantation sector has experienced good growth in terms of production, investment, exports, and so on, so that it has a large role for the Indonesian economy. It can not be separated from the work of its employees. At PTPN XII Kalitelepak Glenmore Plantation, there are many labor employees who work and live in the plantation area. Of the many labor employees who work on the Kalitelepak plantation, not a few women also work as sugar cane workers. A group of women who live in Afdeling Sumber Tempur include housewives who work to fulfill their family’s economy. The role of women in family life is dominant, they not only play the role of being the housekeeper and all activities in it, but also play the role of breadwinner for the family. The purpose of this research is to describe the role of women as housewives in supporting family welfare through improving the household economy. The method used is descriptive qualitative using a realist ethnographic approach, and is located in the Sumber Tempur Afdeling, Kalitelepak Hamlet, Tulungrejo Village, Glenmore district, Banyuwangi regency. Meanwhile, the informans in this study were a group of housewives who worked as garden laborers in Kalitelepak. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results of the study show that housewives decided to keep working not only to help their husbands increase income for housing on the plantation. Thus, causing them inevitably to carry out activities as garden laborers.
A DEMOCRACIA COMO ESPAÇO DA RECONCILIAÇÃO E CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO PODER DO POVO
Authors: Chingore Tiago Tendai , Estevão Farai , Gondim Elnora
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo é resultado de várias inquietações levantadas em volta dos conflitos e divergências étnicas, sociais e políticos em África e Moçambique em particular. Com este artigo pretende-se analisar reflexivamente como a democracia pode ser um espaço da reconciliação entre grupos divergentes, para além de consolidar o poder do povo. O artigo desenvolveu-se a partir de uma reflexão crítica baseada no pensamento do filósofo moçambicano, Severino Elias Ngoenha. Para que seja consolidado o poder do povo e efectivada a reconciliação duradoura é necessário que os governantes e políticos garantam os princípios democráticos, tornando a democracia mais participativa que subordina a economia equitativa, às escolhas políticas e societárias e a atitude ético-política que resolva os problemas e diferendos a partir do diálogo e consenso entre os povos. A reflexão constata ainda que a democracia é o espaço privilegiado para a promoção da reconciliação e consolidação do poder do povo. E para que tenhamos povos reconciliados e consolidados democraticamente é preciso que haja o diálogo e consenso, espírito de viver-juntos entre diferentes grupos sem o envolvimento de interesses individuais para tirar proveitos que fazem prevalecer e aumentar as desigualdades sociais associadas a má distribuição de riquezas e de oportunidades que origina a intolerância, violência e conflitos sociais.
Scientific dissemination in teaching of chemistry: interlocutions opportunized by extensionist actions
Authors: Pereira Ecléa Rodrigues , Gomes Miquéias Ferreira , Moreira Débora Astoni , Carvalho Christina Vargas Miranda e
Published: June 2023

This article reports the experience in the context of an extension project dedicated to fight against fake news disseminated during the Covid-19 pandemic, whose aim was to promote scientific literacy in formal and non-formal educational environments. Titled "Chemistry, the Central Science", the project was developed over one semester, involving periods of research, elaboration and production of expanded abstracts and posters, and exhibition in different environments and contexts. The group was composed of five professors and five students from the graduation in chemistry course at IFGoiano – Urutaí Campus. The material prepared involved ten themes pertinent to chemistry present in everyday life and the exhibitions were held in different locations in pires do rio and ipameri, cities surrounding the educational institution. The project's execution provided the democratization of knowledge through the teaching of chemistry, as well as favoring the interlocution between community, science, and university.
Gout With Associated Cutaneous AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Orchard G. E.
Published: June 2023

Gout with associated AA amyloidosis is an unusual finding. This form of amyloid is associated with chronic inflammatory changes often associated with amyloid deposits in the urine, as well as tissue involvement, and organ enlargement in some cases. The large majority of cases in the literature to date refer to gout with AA amyloid within the kidney. However, this is not exclusive, with reports in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands rectum, skin, and subcutaneous fat. The pathophysiological association between these two disease processes is open to debate. The employment of specific anti-inflammatory treatments is believed to have an impact on reducing the incidence of AA amyloidosis in some gout cases–notably the use of colchicine in cases of clinically defined gout attacks. However, this is by no means a universal finding. Here we report on a cutaneous case of gout with AA amyloidosis in a 73-year-old man Included in this case study is a review of the other 16 cases reported within the literature in an attempt to clarify the associated pathophysiological process between these two diseases and the anti-inflammatory treatment regimens employed which may impact the occurrence of AA amyloidosis.
Data mining identifies novel RNA-binding proteins involved in colon and rectal carcinomas
Authors: García-Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Armendáriz-Castillo Isaac , García-Cárdenas Nathali , Pesantez-Coronel David , López-Cortés Andrés , Indacochea Alberto , Guerrero Santiago
Published: June 2023

Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COREAD) is the second most deadly cancer and third most frequently encountered malignancy worldwide. Despite efforts in molecular subtyping and subsequent personalized COREAD treatments, multidisciplinary evidence suggests separating COREAD into colon cancer (COAD) and rectal cancer (READ). This new perspective could improve diagnosis and treatment of both carcinomas. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), as critical regulators of every hallmark of cancer, could fulfill the need to identify sensitive biomarkers for COAD and READ separately. To detect new RBPs involved in COAD and READ progression, here we used a multidata integration strategy to prioritize tumorigenic RBPs. We analyzed and integrated 1) RBPs genomic and transcriptomic alterations from 488 COAD and 155 READ patients, 2) ∼ 10,000 raw associations between RBPs and cancer genes, 3) ∼ 15,000 immunostainings, and 4) loss-of-function screens performed in 102 COREAD cell lines. Thus, we unraveled new putative roles of NOP56, RBM12, NAT10, FKBP1A, EMG1, and CSE1L in COAD and READ progression. Interestingly, FKBP1A and EMG1 have never been related with any of these carcinomas but presented tumorigenic features in other cancer types. Subsequent survival analyses highlighted the clinical relevance of FKBP1A, NOP56, and NAT10 mRNA expression to predict poor prognosis in COREAD and COAD patients. Further research should be performed to validate their clinical potential and to elucidate their molecular mechanisms underlying these malignancies.
A bibliometric analysis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Wang Yifei , Guo Lijun , Zhang Zhibo , Fu Shuangqing , Huang Pingping , Wang Anzhu , Liu Mi , Ma Xiaochang
Published: June 2023

Background

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) refers to the more severe damage that occurs in the previously ischemic myocardium after a short-term interruption of myocardial blood supply followed by restoration of blood flow within a certain period of time. MIRI has become a major challenge affecting the therapeutic efficacy of cardiovascular surgery.

Methods

A scientific literature search on MIRI-related papers published from 2000 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection database was conducted. VOSviewer was used for bibliometric analysis to understand the scientific development and research hotspots in this field.

Results

A total of 5,595 papers from 81 countries/regions, 3,840 research institutions, and 26,202 authors were included. China published the most papers, but the United States had the most significant influence. Harvard University was the leading research institution, and influential authors included Lefer David J., Hausenloy Derek J., Yellon Derek M., and others. All keywords can be divided into four different directions: risk factors, poor prognosis, mechanisms and cardioprotection.

Conclusion

Research on MIRI is flourishing. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation of the interaction between different mechanisms and multi-target therapy will be the focus and hotspot of MIRI research in the future.
Inter-rater agreement for the annotation of neurologic signs and symptoms in electronic health records
Authors: Oommen Chelsea , Howlett-Prieto Quentin , Carrithers Michael D. , Hier Daniel B.
Published: June 2023

The extraction of patient signs and symptoms recorded as free text in electronic health records is critical for precision medicine. Once extracted, signs and symptoms can be made computable by mapping to signs and symptoms in an ontology. Extracting signs and symptoms from free text is tedious and time-consuming. Prior studies have suggested that inter-rater agreement for clinical concept extraction is low. We have examined inter-rater agreement for annotating neurologic concepts in clinical notes from electronic health records. After training on the annotation process, the annotation tool, and the supporting neuro-ontology, three raters annotated 15 clinical notes in three rounds. Inter-rater agreement between the three annotators was high for text span and category label. A machine annotator based on a convolutional neural network had a high level of agreement with the human annotators but one that was lower than human inter-rater agreement. We conclude that high levels of agreement between human annotators are possible with appropriate training and annotation tools. Furthermore, more training examples combined with improvements in neural networks and natural language processing should make machine annotators capable of high throughput automated clinical concept extraction with high levels of agreement with human annotators.
Genius culture: how we influence student identity in STEM
Authors: Bowman Larry L.
Published: June 2023

In Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, identity and belonging are affected by how students view themselves as belonging in STEM or not. The movement to help students understand that anyone can be successful in STEM is an incredibly important one. However, how students construct their identities within STEM is important for maintaining their engagement within STEM fields over time. If we condition students to expect positive feedback for having an aptitude in a STEM field early-on, what I deem genius culture, we risk helping these students develop resilience when faced with challenges. Although, if we tell students that everyone can succeed in STEM, we risk deflating students who are gifted or talented in STEM and equating growth/improvement as mastery, thereby discouraging inquiry. Moreover, as instructors, our own sense of STEM-self affects how we teach and reward our students for their successes. A more sustainable goal is to make students aware of their STEM-self and help students bolster their sense of belonging in STEM rather than acknowledging only their perceived successes or failures.
Inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of type II diabetes mellitus with coexisting hypertension
Authors: Yousef Hibba , Khandoker Ahsan H. , Feng Samuel F. , Helf Charlotte , Jelinek Herbert F.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that poses a serious health concern worldwide due to its rising prevalence. Hypertension (HT) is a frequent comorbidity of T2DM, with the co-occurrence of both conditions increasing the risk of diabetes-associated complications. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been identified as leading factors in the development and progression of both T2DM and HT. However, OS and inflammation processes associated with these two comorbidities are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore changes in the levels of plasma and urinary inflammatory and OS biomarkers, along with mitochondrial OS biomarkers connected to mitochondrial dysfunction (MitD). These markers may provide a more comprehensive perspective associated with disease progression from no diabetes, and prediabetes, to T2DM coexisting with HT in a cohort of patients attending a diabetes health clinic in Australia.

Methods

Three-hundred and eighty-four participants were divided into four groups according to disease status: 210 healthy controls, 55 prediabetic patients, 32 T2DM, and 87 patients with T2DM and HT (T2DM+HT). Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were conducted between the four groups to detect significant differences for numerical and categorical variables, respectively.

Results and discussion

For the transition from prediabetes to T2DM, interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), humanin (HN), and p66Shc were the most discriminatory biomarkers, generally displaying elevated levels of inflammation and OS in T2DM, in addition to disrupted mitochondrial function as revealed by p66Shc and HN. Disease progression from T2DM to T2DM+HT indicated lower levels of inflammation and OS as revealed through IL-10, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 8-OHdG and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, most likely due to antihypertensive medication use in the T2DM +HT patient group. The results also indicated better mitochondrial function in this group as shown through higher HN and lower p66Shc levels, which can also be attributed to medication use. However, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels appeared to be independent of medication, providing an effective biomarker even in the presence of medication use. The results of this study suggest that a more comprehensive review of inflammation and OS biomarkers is more effective in discriminating between the stages of T2DM progression in the presence or absence of HT. Our results further indicate the usefulness of medication use, especially with respect to the known involvement of inflammation and OS in disease progression, highlighting specific biomarkers during disease progression and therefore allowing a more targeted individualized treatment plan.
Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Chongbin , Jiang Na , Liu Yan , Luo Shilu , Li Chenrui , Zhao Hao , Han Yachun , Chen Wei , Li Li , Xiao Li , Sun Lin
Published: June 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most vigorous organelle in intracellular metabolism and is involved in physiological processes such as protein and lipid synthesis and calcium ion transport. Recently, the abnormal function of the ER has also been reported to be involved in the progression of kidney disease, especially in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we reviewed the function of the ER and summarized the regulation of homeostasis through the UPR and ER-phagy. Then, we also reviewed the role of abnormal ER homeostasis in residential renal cells in DN. Finally, some ER stress activators and inhibitors were also summarized, and the possibility of maintaining ER homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target for DN was discussed.
Individual variation in field metabolic rates of wild living fish have phenotypic and ontogenetic underpinnings: insights from stable isotope compositions of otoliths
Authors: Jones Joseph , Hunter Ewan , Hambach Bastian , Wilding Megan , Trueman Clive N.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Individual metabolism has been identified as a key variable for predicting responses of individuals and populations to climate change, particularly for aquatic ectotherms such as fishes. Predictions of organism standard metabolic rate (SMR), and the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate are typically based on allometric scaling rules and respirometry-based measures of respiratory potential under laboratory conditions. The relevance of laboratory-based measurement and theoretical allometric rules to predict performance of free-ranging animals in complex natural settings has been questioned, but determining time averaged metabolic rate in wild aquatic animals is challenging.

Methods

Here we draw on stable isotope compositions of aragonite in fish otoliths to estimate time averaged experienced temperature and expressed field metabolic rate (FMR) simultaneously and retrospectively at an individual level. We apply the otolith FMR proxy to a population of European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the North Sea during a period of rapid warming between the 1980s to the mid-2000s, sampling otolith tissue grown in both juvenile and adult stages.

Results

Among-individual variations in realized mass-specific FMR were large and independent of temperature and scaled positively with body size in adult life stages, contradicting simplistic assumptions that FMR follows scaling relationships inferred for standard metabolic rates (SMR). In the same individuals, FMR in the first summer of life co-varied positively with temperature.

Discussion

We find strong evidence for the presence of consistent metabolic phenotypes within the sampled population, as FMR in the first year of life was the strongest single predictor for among individual variation in FMR at the point of sampling. Nonetheless, best fitting models explained only 20% of the observed variation, pointing to large among-individual variation in FMR that is unexplained by body mass, temperature or metabolic phenotype. Stable isotope-derived estimates of field metabolic rate have great potential to expand our understanding of ecophysiology in general and especially mechanisms underpinning the relationships between animal performance and changing environmental and ecological conditions.
Identification of a novel candidate HSD3B2 gene variant for familial hypospadias by whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Almaramhy Hamdi Hameed , Abdul Samad Firoz , Al-Harbi Ghadeer , Zaytuni Dimah , Imam Syed Nazar , Masoodi Tariq , Shamsi Monis Bilal
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hypospadias [MIM: 300633] is one of the most frequent congenital malformations of male external genitalia. The spectrum of genetic variants causing hypospadias is varied, with studies commonly implicating genes critical in the fetal steroidogenic pathway. This is the first genetic study on hypospadias from the Yemen ethnicity and the second to report HSD3B2 mutations in more than one affected individual from the same family.

Material and methods: Surgical hypospadias repair was performed on two hypospadias-affected siblings from a consanguineous family. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the potential pathogenic variant for hypospadias, which was later confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The identified variant was further analyzed for its pathogenicity by using in silico tools such as SIFT, PolyPhen-2, MutationAssessor, MutationTaster, FATHMM, and ConSurf.

Results: We identified a novel missense mutation (Chr1:119964631T>A, c.507T>A, p. N169K) in 3β-hydroxysteroid 2-dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) gene by WES. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variant segregated the disease in the family between the affected and non-affected individuals. Both patients are homozygous, while parents and two unaffected siblings are heterozygous carriers, indicating an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The in silico analysis by all six in silico tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, MutationAssessor, MutationTaster, FATHMM, and ConSurf) predicted the variant to be pathogenic/deleterious.

Discussion: An abnormal fetal steroidogenic pathway due to genetic influences may affect the development of the male genital tract, including the urethral tract closure and morphogenesis of male genitalia. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the observed variant in this study, confirmed by multiple in silico tools, characterizes the influence HSD3B2 gene variants may have in the etiology of hypospadias.

Conclusion: Understanding of pathogenic manifestation and inheritance of confounding genetic variants in hypospadias is a matter of great concern, especially in familial cases.
High hydrostatic pressure harnesses the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites via the regulation of polyketide synthesis genes of hadal sediment-derived fungi
Authors: Deng Ludan , Zhong Maosheng , Li Yongqi , Hu Guangzhao , Zhang Changhao , Peng Qingqing , Zhang Zhizhen , Fang Jiasong , Yu Xi
Published: June 2023

Deep-sea fungi have evolved extreme environmental adaptation and possess huge biosynthetic potential of bioactive compounds. However, not much is known about the biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolites of deep-sea fungi under extreme environments. Here, we presented the isolation of 15 individual fungal strains from the sediments of the Mariana Trench, which were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis as belonging to 8 different fungal species. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) assays were performed to identify the piezo-tolerance of the hadal fungi. Among these fungi, Aspergillus sydowii SYX6 was selected as the representative due to the excellent tolerance of HHP and biosynthetic potential of antimicrobial compounds. Vegetative growth and sporulation of A. sydowii SYX6 were affected by HHP. Natural product analysis with different pressure conditions was also performed. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, diorcinol was purified and characterized as the bioactive compound, showing significant antimicrobial and antitumor activity. The core functional gene associated with the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of diorcinol was identified in A. sydowii SYX6, named as AspksD. The expression of AspksD was apparently regulated by the HHP treatment, correlated with the regulation of diorcinol production. Based on the effect of the HHP tested here, high pressure affected the fungal development and metabolite production, as well as the expression level of biosynthetic genes which revealed the adaptive relationship between the metabolic pathway and the high-pressure environment at the molecular level.
Articulatory speech measures can be related to the severity of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kieling Maiara Laís Mallmann , Finkelsztejn Alessandro , Konzen Viviana Regina , dos Santos Vanessa Brzoskowski , Ayres Annelise , Klein Iasmin , Rothe-Neves Rui , Olchik Maira Rozenfeld
Published: June 2023

Background

Dysarthria is one of the most frequent communication disorders in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), with an estimated prevalence of around 50%. However, it is unclear if there is a relationship between dysarthria and the severity or duration of the disease.

Objective

Describe the speech pattern in MS, correlate with clinical data, and compare with controls.

Methods

A group of MS patients (n = 73) matched to healthy controls (n = 37) by sex and age. Individuals with neurological and/or systemic conditions that could interfere with speech were excluded. MS group clinical data were obtained through the analysis of medical records. The speech assessment consisted of auditory-perceptual and speech acoustic analysis, from recording the following speech tasks: phonation and breathing (sustained vowel/a/); prosody (sentences with different intonation patterns) and articulation (diadochokinesis; spontaneous speech; diphthong/iu/repeatedly).

Results

In MS, 72.6% of the individuals presented mild dysarthria, with alterations in speech subsystems: phonation, breathing, resonance, and articulation. In the acoustic analysis, individuals with MS were significantly worse than the control group (CG) in the variables: standard deviation of the fundamental frequency (p = 0.001) and maximum phonation time (p = 0.041). In diadochokinesis, individuals with MS had a lower number of syllables, duration, and phonation time, but larger pauses per seconds, and in spontaneous speech, a high number of pauses were evidenced as compared to CG. Correlations were found between phonation time in spontaneous speech and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (r = − 0.238, p = 0.043) and phonation ratio in spontaneous speech and EDSS (r = −0.265, p = 0.023), which indicates a correlation between the number of pauses during spontaneous speech and the severity of the disease.

Conclusion

The speech profile in MS patients was mild dysarthria, with a decline in the phonatory, respiratory, resonant, and articulatory subsystems of speech, respectively, in order of prevalence. The increased number of pauses during speech and lower rates of phonation ratio can reflect the severity of MS.
Possible rodent equivalent of the posterior cingulate cortex (area 23) interconnects with multimodal cortical and subcortical regions
Authors: Xiang Xiao-Jun , Chen Sheng-Qiang , Zhang Xue-Qin , Chen Chang-Hui , Zhang Shun-Yu , Cai Hui-Ru , Ding Song-Lin
Published: June 2023

Posterior cingulate cortex (area 23, A23) in human and monkeys is a critical component of the default mode network and is involved in many diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. However, A23 has not yet identified in rodents, and this makes modeling related circuits and diseases in rodents very difficult. Using a comparative approach, molecular markers and unique connectional patterns this study has uncovered the location and extent of possible rodent equivalent (A23~) of the primate A23. A23 ~ but not adjoining areas in the rodents displays strong reciprocal connections with anteromedial thalamic nucleus. Rodent A23 ~ reciprocally connects with the medial pulvinar and claustrum as well as with anterior cingulate, granular retrosplenial, medial orbitofrontal, postrhinal, and visual and auditory association cortices. Rodent A23 ~ projects to dorsal striatum, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, zona incerta, pretectal nucleus, superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, and brainstem. All these findings support the versatility of A23 in the integration and modulation of multimodal sensory information underlying spatial processing, episodic memory, self-reflection, attention, value assessment and many adaptive behaviors. Additionally, this study also suggests that the rodents could be used to model monkey and human A23 in future structural, functional, pathological, and neuromodulation studies.
Spatiotemporal phase slip patterns for visual evoked potentials, covert object naming tasks, and insight moments extracted from 256 channel EEG recordings
Authors: Ramon Ceon , Graichen Uwe , Gargiulo Paolo , Zanow Frank , Knösche Thomas R. , Haueisen Jens
Published: June 2023

Phase slips arise from state transitions of the coordinated activity of cortical neurons which can be extracted from the EEG data. The phase slip rates (PSRs) were studied from the high-density (256 channel) EEG data, sampled at 16.384 kHz, of five adult subjects during covert visual object naming tasks. Artifact-free data from 29 trials were averaged for each subject. The analysis was performed to look for phase slips in the theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (7–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz), and low gamma (30–49 Hz) bands. The phase was calculated with the Hilbert transform, then unwrapped and detrended to look for phase slip rates in a 1.0 ms wide stepping window with a step size of 0.06 ms. The spatiotemporal plots of the PSRs were made by using a montage layout of 256 equidistant electrode positions. The spatiotemporal profiles of EEG and PSRs during the stimulus and the first second of the post-stimulus period were examined in detail to study the visual evoked potentials and different stages of visual object recognition in the visual, language, and memory areas. It was found that the activity areas of PSRs were different as compared with EEG activity areas during the stimulus and post-stimulus periods. Different stages of the insight moments during the covert object naming tasks were examined from PSRs and it was found to be about 512 ± 21 ms for the ‘Eureka’ moment. Overall, these results indicate that information about the cortical phase transitions can be derived from the measured EEG data and can be used in a complementary fashion to study the cognitive behavior of the brain.
A closed-body preclinical model to investigate blast-induced spinal cord injury
Authors: Norris Carly , Weatherbee Justin , Murphy Susan , Marquetti Izabele , Maniakhina Lana , Boruch Alan , VandeVord Pamela
Published: June 2023

Blast-induced spinal cord injuries (bSCI) are common and account for 75% of all combat-related spinal trauma. It remains unclear how the rapid change in pressure contributes to pathological outcomes resulting from these complex injuries. Further research is necessary to aid in specialized treatments for those affected. The purpose of this study was to develop a preclinical injury model to investigate the behavior and pathophysiology of blast exposure to the spine, which will bring further insight into outcomes and treatment decisions for complex spinal cord injuries (SCI). An Advanced Blast Simulator was used to study how blast exposure affects the spinal cord in a non-invasive manner. A custom fixture was designed to support the animal in a position that protects the vital organs while exposing the thoracolumbar region of the spine to the blast wave. The Tarlov Scale and Open Field Test (OFT) were used to detect changes in locomotion or anxiety, respectively, 72 h following bSCI. Spinal cords were then harvested and histological staining was performed to investigate markers of traumatic axonal injury (β-APP, NF-L) and neuroinflammation (GFAP, Iba1, S100β). Analysis of the blast dynamics demonstrated that this closed-body model for bSCI was found to be highly repeatable, administering consistent pressure pulses following a Friedlander waveform. There were no significant changes in acute behavior; however, expression of β-APP, Iba1, and GFAP significantly increased in the spinal cord following blast exposure (p < 0.05). Additional measures of cell count and area of positive signal provided evidence of increased inflammation and gliosis in the spinal cord at 72 h after blast injury. These findings indicated that pathophysiological responses from the blast alone are detectable, likely contributing to the combined effects. This novel injury model also demonstrated applications as a closed-body SCI model for neuroinflammation enhancing relevance of the preclinical model. Further investigation is necessary to assess the longitudinal pathological outcomes, combined effects from complex injuries, and minimally invasive treatment approaches.
Application of codon usage and context analysis in genes up- or down-regulated in neurodegeneration and cancer to combat comorbidities
Authors: Khandia Rekha , Pandey Megha Katare , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Baklanov Igor , Gurjar Pankaj
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Neurodegeneration and cancer present in comorbidities with inverse effects due to the expression of genes and pathways acting in opposition. Identifying and studying the genes simultaneously up or downregulated during morbidities helps curb both ailments together.

Methods

This study examines four genes. Three of these (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein (APP), Cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) are upregulated, and one protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator (PTPA) is simultaneously downregulated in both disorders. We investigated molecular patterns, codon usage, codon usage bias, nucleotide bias in the third codon position, preferred codons, preferred codon pairs, rare codons, and codon context.

Results

Parity analysis revealed that T is preferred over A, and G is preferred over C in the third codon position, suggesting composition plays no role in nucleotide bias in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets and that mutational forces are stronger in upregulated gene sets than in downregulated ones. Transcript length influenced the overall %A composition and codon bias, and the codon AGG exerted the strongest influence on codon usage in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets. Codons ending in G/C were preferred for 16 amino acids, and glutamic acid-, aspartic acid-, leucine-, valine-, and phenylalanine-initiated codon pairs were preferred in all genes. Codons CTA (Leu), GTA (Val), CAA (Gln), and CGT (Arg) were underrepresented in all examined genes.

Discussion

Using advanced gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas or any other gene augmentation technique, these recoded genes may be introduced into the human body to optimize gene expression levels to augment neurodegeneration and cancer therapeutic regimens simultaneously.
A review of mathematical models of human trust in automation
Authors: Rodriguez Rodriguez Lucero , Bustamante Orellana Carlos E. , Chiou Erin K. , Huang Lixiao , Cooke Nancy , Kang Yun
Published: June 2023

Understanding how people trust autonomous systems is crucial to achieving better performance and safety in human-autonomy teaming. Trust in automation is a rich and complex process that has given rise to numerous measures and approaches aimed at comprehending and examining it. Although researchers have been developing models for understanding the dynamics of trust in automation for several decades, these models are primarily conceptual and often involve components that are difficult to measure. Mathematical models have emerged as powerful tools for gaining insightful knowledge about the dynamic processes of trust in automation. This paper provides an overview of various mathematical modeling approaches, their limitations, feasibility, and generalizability for trust dynamics in human-automation interaction contexts. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel and dynamic approach to model trust in automation, emphasizing the importance of incorporating different timescales into measurable components. Due to the complex nature of trust in automation, it is also suggested to combine machine learning and dynamic modeling approaches, as well as incorporating physiological data.
Prognostic and predictive values of the grading system of lymph node status in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Xue-Mei , Shen Wei-Wei , Song Ling-Jun
Published: June 2023

Background

Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors of gastric cancer. However, the effect of germinal centers in lymph nodes on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of germinal center generation to prognostic parameters and clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery from October 2012 to June 2022. We analyzed 5484 lymph nodes (210 patients) and calculated the lymph node metastasis rate (LNMR) and the proportion of non-metastatic lymph nodes containing three or more germinal centers (NML-GCP).

Results

Using a grading system that incorporated LNMR and NML-GCP. The tumors were classified into three groups based on this system, which was found to be significantly associated with prognosis. The TNM stage and grading system of lymph node status were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The 5-year OS rates for patients with advanced gastric cancer were 85.07% (n=50), 58.34% (n=42), and 24.44% (n=21) for Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.0001). The 5-year DFS rates were 65.32% (n=58), 40.85% (n=51), and 5.88% (n=34), respectively (p<0.0001). Patients with Grade 1 advanced gastric cancer had higher 5-year OS and DFS rates compared to those with Grade 2 or 3 in TNM stage II and III. Furthermore, the 5-year OS and DFS rates differed significantly among patients with different grades of advanced gastric cancer who received chemotherapy (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the grading system may be valuable for predicting prognosis and guiding clinical management in patients with gastric cancer, and provides good prognostic stratification for OS and DFS in patients with TNM stage II and III.