bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitroxide‐mediated copolymerization of styrene and pentafluorostyrene initiated by polymeric linoleic acid
Authors: Allı Abdulkadir , Allı Sema , Becer C.Remzi , Hazer Baki
Published: April 2015

Polymeric linoleic asit graft copolymers were synthesized via a nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) method in the presence of 2,2‐6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO). For this purpose, PLina‐ox was exposed to polymerization with styrene (Sty) or Sty and pentafluorostyrene (F5Sty) in the presence of TEMPO by NMRP method in order to obtain PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PF5Sty‐g‐PSty graft copolymers with controlled structure and low polydispersity. Chain extension study was evaluated. Principal parameters, such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and polymerization time, which effect the polymerization reactions, were evaluated. The products thus obtained were well characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and 19F NMR measurements.

Practical application: We report for the first time the synthesis of PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PSty‐g‐PF5Sty graft copolymers in the presence of TEMPO. NMRP reactions were performed in the presence of TEMPO in order to obtain graft copolymers with controlled molecular weight and polydispersity. Chain‐extension reactions were also successfully carried out because of the activation of TEMPO terminated chain ends of graft copolymers. Pure linoleic acid was auto‐oxidized under daylight and air oxygen, yielding peroxidized PLina (PLina‐ox). PLina‐ox has been used in the polymerization of styrene (Sty) or copolymerization of Sty and pentafluorostyrene (F5Sty).

Polymerization of styrene and pentafluorostyrene was initiated by polimeric linoleic acid perokside (PLina‐ox) initiator in the presence of TEMPO and controlled radical polymerization provided well‐defined PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PF5St‐g‐PSty graft copolymers.
Unusual Reactivity of Aryl Aldehydes with Triethyl Phosphite and Zinc Bromide: A Facile Preparation of Epoxides, Benzisoxazoles, and α‐Hydroxy Phosphonate Esters
Authors: Raju Potharaju , Gobi Rajeshwaran Ganesan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: April 2015

A facile preparation of trans‐epoxides was achieved by a (EtO)3P–ZnBr2‐mediated deoxygenation reaction of the corresponding 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes. The sterically hindered analogues of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde underwent a reaction with triethyl phosphite in the presence of ZnBr2 as the catalyst to form benzisoxazoles as the sole product. Under identical conditions, the reactions of electron‐rich as well as moderately electron‐deficient aryl aldehydes furnished the corresponding α‐hydroxy phosphonate esters.
Substitute or stepping stone? Assessing the impact of low‐threshold online collective actions on offline participation
Authors: Schumann Sandy , Klein Olivier
Published: April 2015

Anecdotes of past social movements suggest that Internet‐enabled technologies, especially social media platforms, can facilitate collective actions. Recently, however, it has been argued that the participatory Internet encourages low‐cost and low‐risk activism—slacktivism—which may have detrimental consequences for groups that aim to achieve a collective purpose. More precisely, low‐threshold digital practices such as signing online petitions or “liking” the Facebook page of a group are thought to derail subsequent engagement offline. We assessed this postulation in three experiments (N = 76, N = 59, and N = 48) and showed that so‐called slacktivist actions indeed reduce the willingness to join a panel discussion and demonstration as well as the likelihood to sign a petition. This demobilizing effect was mediated by the satisfaction of group‐enhancing motives; members considered low‐threshold online collective actions as a substantial contribution to the group's success. The findings highlight that behavior that is belittled as slacktivism addresses needs that pertain to individuals' sense of group membership. Rather than hedonistic motives or personal interests, concerns for the ingroup's welfare and viability influenced the decision to join future collective actions offline. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PbCl2‐poisoning kinetics of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Jiang Ye , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yongxin , Wu Weihong , Luo Zhongyang , Cen Kefa
Published: April 2015

Based on a model for the shell progressive poisoning of a single catalyst pellet in a catalytic reactor, PbCl2‐poisoning kinetics of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 was studied. The PbCl2‐poisoning kinetic equation for the catalysts was established. Combining the activity retention fraction from the model simulation with that from the activity experiments, the relation between PbCl2 loadings over the catalysts with reaction time was established. The combined effect of PbCl2 concentration and PbCl2‐poisoning reaction rate constant on activity retention fraction was simulated based on the established model. The results indicated that with increasing PbCl2 concentration and PbCl2‐poisoning reaction rate constant, activity retention fraction decreased obviously with the increase of reaction time. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1085–1091, 2015
Effect of flue gas conditioning on the cohesive forces in fly ash layers in electrostatic precipitation
Authors: Navarrete Benito , Alonso‐Fariñas Bernabé , Lupión Mónica , Cañadas Luis
Published: April 2015

Flue gas conditioning (FGC) systems are an effective option for improving the performance of electrostatic precipitators (ESP). The effect of FGC on the cohesive forces in ash layers during electrostatic precipitation has been studied for a complete range of ash compositions. Cohesive forces have been determined by means of a laboratory apparatus specifically developed within this research work. SO3 and NH3 have been tested as conditioning agents.

It is concluded that the effect of injecting NH3 on the cohesive properties is variable, and depends on the type of ash. The mechanism of NH3 adsorption, influenced by the carbon content in ash, appears to play an important role. On the other hand, SO3 addition involves the reduction of the cohesive forces in all the cases tested. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1379–1383, 2015
Was monogamy a key step on the hominin road? reevaluating the monogamy hypothesis in the evolution of cooperative breeding
Authors: Kramer Karen L. , Russell Andrew F.
Published: April 2015

Because human mothers routinely rely on others to help raise their young, humans have been characterized as cooperative breeders.1–9Several large‐scale phylogenetic analyses have presented compelling evidence that monogamy preceded the evolution of cooperative breeding in a wide variety of nonhuman animals.10–14These studies have suggested that monogamy provides a general rule (the monogamy hypothesis) for explaining evolutionary transitions to cooperative breeding.15Given the prevalence of cooperative breeding in contemporary human societies, we evaluate whether this suggests a monogamous hominin past.
Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction: A population‐based study
Authors: VanWagner Lisa B. , Wilcox Jane E. , Colangelo Laura A. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Lima Joao A. , Lewis Cora E. , Rinella Mary E. , Shah Sanjiv J.
Published: April 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure (HF) are obesity‐related conditions with high cardiovascular mortality. Whether NAFLD is independently associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling or dysfunction among the general population is unknown. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 2,713 participants from the multicenter, community‐based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who underwent concurrent computed tomography (CT) quantification of liver fat and comprehensive echocardiography with myocardial strain measured by speckle tracking during the Year‐25 examination (age, 43‐55 years; 58.8% female and 48.0% black). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield units after excluding other causes of liver fat. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was defined using values of absolute peak global longitudinal strain (GLS). Diastolic dysfunction was defined using Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging markers. Prevalence of NAFLD was 10.0%. Participants with NAFLD had lower early diastolic relaxation (e’) velocity (10.8 ± 2.6 vs. 11.9 ± 2.8 cm/s), higher LV filling pressure (E/e’ ratio: 7.7 ± 2.6 vs. 7.0 ± 2.3), and worse absolute GLS (14.2 ± 2.4% vs. 15.2 ± 2.4%) than non‐NAFLD (P < 0.0001 for all). When adjusted for HF risk factors or body mass index, NAFLD remained associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction (P < 0.01). The association of NAFLD with e’ velocity (β = −0.36 [standard error = 0.15] cm/s; P = 0.02), E/e’ ratio (β = 0.35 [0.16]; P = 0.03), and GLS (β = −0.42 [0.18]%; P = 0.02) was attenuated after controlling for visceral adipose tissue. Effect modification by race and sex was not observed. Conclusions: NAFLD is independently associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction and provides further insight into a possible link between NAFLD and HF. (Hepatology 2015;62:773–783)
Keeping bugs in check: The mucus layer as a critical component in maintaining intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Faderl Martin , Noti Mario , Corazza Nadia , Mueller Christoph
Published: April 2015

In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract the close vicinity of abundant immune effector cells and trillions of commensal microbes requires sophisticated barrier and regulatory mechanisms to maintain vital host‐microbial interactions and tissue homeostasis. During co‐evolution of the host and its intestinal microbiota a protective multilayered barrier system was established to segregate the luminal microbes from the intestinal mucosa with its potent immune effector cells, limit bacterial translocation into host tissues to prevent tissue damage, while ensuring the vital functions of the intestinal mucosa and the luminal gut microbiota. In the present review we will focus on the different layers of protection in the intestinal tract that allow the successful mutualism between the microbiota and the potent effector cells of the intestinal innate and adaptive immune system. In particular, we will review some of the recent findings on the vital functions of the mucus layer and its site‐specific adaptations to the changing quantities and complexities of the microbiota along the (gastro‐) intestinal tract. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control the establishment of the mucus layer, but also its degradation during intestinal inflammation may be critical for designing novel strategies aimed at maintaining local tissue homeostasis and supporting remission from relapsing intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):275–285, 2015
Electronic stress tensor analysis of molecules in gas phase of CVD process for gesbte alloy
Authors: Nozaki Hiroo , Ikeda Yuji , Ichikawa Kazuhide , Tachibana Akitomo
Published: April 2015

We analyze the electronic structure of molecules which may exist in gas phase of chemical vapor deposition process for GeSbTe alloy using the electronic stress tensor, with special focus on the chemical bonds between Ge, Sb, and Te atoms. We find that, from the viewpoint of the electronic stress tensor, they have intermediate properties between alkali metals and hydrocarbon molecules. We also study the correlation between the bond order which is defined based on the electronic stress tensor, and energy‐related quantities. We find that the correlation with the bond dissociation energy is not so strong while one with the force constant is very strong. We interpret these results in terms of the energy density on the “Lagrange surface,” which is considered to define the boundary surface of atoms in a molecule in the framework of the electronic stress tensor analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of tumor morphology on diffusion‐weighted (DWI) breast MRI: Diagnostic value of reduced field of view DWI
Authors: Barentsz Maarten W. , Taviani Valentina , Chang Jung M. , Ikeda Debra M. , Miyake Kanae K. , Banerjee Suchandrima , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J , Hargreaves Brian A. , Daniel Bruce L.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic value of conventional, bilateral diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and high‐resolution targeted DWI of known breast lesions.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐one consecutive patients with known breast cancer or suspicious breast lesions were scanned with the conventional bilateral DWI technique, a high‐resolution, reduced field of view (rFOV) DWI technique, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) (3.0 T). We compared bilateral DWI and rFOV DWI quantitatively by measuring the lesions' apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. For qualitative comparison, three dedicated breast radiologists scored image quality and performed lesion interpretation.

Results

In a phantom, ADC values were in good agreement with the reference values. Twenty‐one patients (30 lesions: 14 invasive carcinomas, 10 benign lesions [of which 5 cysts], 3 high‐risk, and 3 in situ carcinomas) were included. Cysts and high‐risk lesions were excluded from the quantitative analysis. Quantitatively, both bilateral and rFOV DWI measured lower ADC values in invasive tumors than other lesions. In vivo, rFOV DWI gave lower ADC values than bilateral DWI (1.11 × 10‐3 mm2/s vs. 1.24 × 10‐3 mm2/s, P = 0.002). Regions of interest (ROIs) were comparable in size between the two techniques (2.90 vs. 2.13 cm2, P = 0.721). Qualitatively, all three radiologists scored sharpness of rFOV DWI images as significantly higher than bilateral DWI (P ≤ 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) in BI‐RADS classification for rFOV DWI compared to bilateral DWI (0.71 to 0.93 vs. 0.61 to 0.76, respectively).

Conclusion

Tumor morphology can be assessed in more detail with high‐resolution DWI (rFOV) than with standard bilateral DWI by providing significantly sharper images. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1656–1665.
Calbindin‐D28Kis increased in the ventral horn of spinal cord by neuroprotective factors for motor neurons
Authors: Spruill Maria M. , Kuncl Ralph W.
Published: April 2015

Slow glutamate‐mediated neuronal degeneration is implicated in the pathophysiology of motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The calcium‐binding proteins calbindin‐D28Kand parvalbumin have been reported to protect neurons against excitotoxic insults. Expression of calbindin‐D28Kis low in adult human motor neurons, and vulnerable motor neurons additionally may lack parvalbumin. Thus, it has been speculated that the lack of calcium‐binding proteins may, in part, be responsible for early degeneration of the population of motor neurons most vulnerable in ALS. Using a rat organotypic spinal cord slice system, we examined whether the most potent neuroprotective factors for motor neurons can increase the expression of calbindin‐D28Kor parvalbumin proteins in the postnatal spinal cord. After 4 weeks of incubation of spinal cord slices with 1) glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 2) neurturin, 3) insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), or 4) pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), the number of calbindin‐D28K‐immunopositive large neurons (>20 μm) in the ventral horn was higher under the first three conditions, but not after PEDF, compared with untreated controls. Under the same conditions, parvalbumin was not upregulated by any neuroprotective factor. The same calbindin increase was true of IGF‐I and GDNF in a parallel glutamate toxicity model of motor neuron degeneration. Taken together with our previous reports from the same model, which showed that all these neurotrophic factors can potently protect motor neurons from slow glutamate injury, the data here suggest that upregulation of calbindin‐D28Kby some of these factors may be one mechanism by which motor neurons can be protected from glutamate‐induced, calcium‐mediated excitotoxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypolipidaemic and anti‐oxidative potential of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna) added vanilla chocolate milk in high cholesterol fed rats
Authors: Sawale Pravin Digambar , Pothuraju Ramesh , Abdul Hussain Shaik , Kumar Anuj , Kapila Suman , Patil Girdhari Ramdas
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

Atherosclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and occurs in developing as well as developed countries. In the present investigation, hypolipidaemic and anti‐oxidative properties of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna, 1.8%) added vanilla chocolate dairy drink was evaluated in high cholesterol fed Wistar rats for 60 days.

RESULTS

At the end of the experimental period, a significant decrease in the body weight gain by rats receiving the encapsulated herb extract was noted as compared to high cholesterol fed rats. Administration of microencapsulated herb showed a statistically significant decrease in organ weights (epididymal fat and liver). Moreover, a significant decrease in serum lipids such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index was observed with encapsulated Terminalia arjuna extract in high cholesterol fed group. Increases in reduced glutathione and decreases in TBARS levels were also reported in both liver and red blood cell lysates with encapsulated herb supplementation.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated that the bioactive components (phytosterols, flavanoids, saponins and tannins etc.) which are present in the encapsulated T. arjuna not only withstand the processing conditions but also are effectively released in the intestine and show their effects, such as hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities, for better treating cardiovascular disease. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Faecal excretion of total and acid extractable phosphorus in dairy cows fed rations with different levels of phosphorus
Authors: Nordqvist Maria , Spörndly Rolf , Holtenius Kjell
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

The phosphorus (P) originating from livestock operations causes eutrophication. Determination of acid extractable P (AEP) in cattle faeces has been proposed as a tool to identify excessive P feeding. The method has not yet been evaluated in controlled studies with cows subjected to individual recording of P intake. Thus the present study focused on investigating the relationship between different P fractions in faeces from cows fed rations with varying P content. The study also investigated whether AEP in faeces could be used to estimate dietary P intake in relation to the P requirement.

RESULTS

The results showed that acid extractable P predicted P overfeeding. P fed in excess of requirements was largely excreted as acid extractable P. The unavailable and/or inevitably lost P fractions in the diets were smaller than assumed.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates in experimental studies a positive relationship between measured AEP and indirectly calculated regulated P. Any P fed in excess of requirements was largely excreted as AEP. This fraction is thought to be the most mobile P fraction with regard to potential runoff losses. However, the unavailable and/or inevitably lost P fractions in the diets were smaller than assumed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the separation of acidic agricultural compounds
Authors: Yang Peilin , Pursch Matthias
Published: April 2015

Organic acids with very low pKa require extremely low pH conditions to achieve adequate retention in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, but an extremely low pH mobile phase can cause instrument reliability problems and limit the choice of columns. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is a potential alternative to reversed‐phase liquid chromatography for the separation of organic acids using more moderate conditions. However, the hydrophilic interaction chromatography separation mechanism is known to be very complex and involves multiple competing mechanisms. In the present study, a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column packed with bare silica core–shell particles was used as the separation column and six agricultural organic acids were used as model analytes to evaluate the effects of buffer concentration, buffer pH, and temperature on sample loading capacity, selectivity, retention, and repeatability. It was found that using a higher concentration of buffer can lead to a significant improvement in the overall performance and reproducibility of the separation. Investigation of column equilibration time revealed that a very long equilibration time is needed when changing mobile phase conditions in between runs. This limitation needs to be acknowledged in hydrophilic interaction chromatography method development and sufficient equilibration time needs to be allowed in method scouting.
Analysis of amicarbazone and its two metabolites in grains and soybeans by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dong Maofeng , Nie Dongxia , Tang Hongxia , Rao Qinxiong , Qu Mingqing , Wang Weimin , Han Lijun , Song Weiguo , Han Zheng
Published: April 2015

A sensitive, simple and reliable analytical method based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe sample preparation and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of amicarbazone and its two major metabolites desamino amicarbazone and isopropyl‐2‐hydroxy‐desamino amicarbazone residues in grains (rice, wheat, corn, buckwheat) and soybean. Several parameters, including liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry conditions, extraction approaches and the adsorbents for clean‐up, which might influence the accuracy of the method, were extensively investigated. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.99), fortified recovery (79–118%), precision (1–12%) and sensitivity (limit of quantification, 5 μg/kg for amicarbazone and desamino amicarbazone, and 10 μg/kg for isopropyl‐2‐hydroxy‐desamino amicarbazone). Finally, the established method was successfully applied to determine the residues of amicarbazone and its metabolites in 49 real samples of grain and soybean.
Water Vapor Enhancement of Rates of Peroxy Radical Reactions
Authors: Kumbhani Sambhav R. , Cline Taylor S. , Killian Marie C. , Clark Jared M. , Keeton William J. , Hansen Lee D. , Shirts Randall B. , Robichaud David J. , Hansen Jaron C.
Published: April 2015

Peroxy radicals can complex with water vapor. These complexes affect tropospheric chemistry. In this study, β‐HEP (hydroxyethyl peroxy radical) serves as a model system for investigating the effect of water vapor on the kinetics and product branching ratio of the self‐reaction of peroxy radicals. The self‐reaction rate coefficient was determined at 274–296 K with water vapor between 1.0 × 1015 and 2.5 × 1017 molecules cm−3 at 200 Torr total pressure by slow‐flow laser flash photolysis coupled with UV time‐resolved spectroscopy and long‐path, wavelength modulated, diode‐laser spectroscopy. The overall self‐reaction rate constant expressed as the product of both a temperature‐dependent and water vapor–dependent term is , suggesting formation of a β‐HEP‐H2O complex is responsible for the increase in the self‐reaction rate coefficient with increasing water concentration. Complex formation is supported by computational results identifying three local energy minima for the β‐HEP‐H2O complex. As the troposphere continues to get warmer and wetter, more of the peroxy radicals present will be complexed with water. Investigating the effect of water vapor on kinetics of atmospherically relevant radicals and determining the effects of these altered kinetics on tropospheric ozone concentrations is thus important.
Theoretical foundations for information literacy: A plan for action
Authors: Budd John M. , Lloyd Annemaree
Published: April 2015

Information literacy is both a common and an important learning activity with higher education. That said, it is under‐theorized as a process and as a path to a product. In order to meet the need for theory, the four panelists will offer four distinct possibilities for theoretical frameworks. While the four frameworks are able to stand alone, there is also the likelihood that they might be melded together in order to form an even richer and more robust underpinning for the work of information literacy and instruction. This panel fills a need that has heretofore been found wanting in the topic.
ASIS&T 2014 PANEL: Connecting collections, cultures, and communities: The role of social and other media in the unrests in Egypt, Turkey and Ukraine: Sponsored by SIG‐III
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Aytac Selenay , Khashman Nouf
Published: April 2015

Panel Abstract

Over the last few years, the world has witnessed a number of revolutionary demonstrations and protests in support of social and political changes. From the protests in Iran and Tunisia to the more recent Occupy movement to the current events in Ukraine, these movements are crashing in waves onto the world stage. What many of these protests have in common is the prominent use of social media by the protesters to help organize and inform supporters and garner the attention of the international community. Some believe that social media was the catalyst for the protests; others are more skeptical. This panel will critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of social media as a tool for a social and political change using the three recent case studies: the crisis in Egypt in 2011, Turkey in 2013 and Ukraine in 2014.
Transforming the data landscape: Connecting data, policies, and communities
Authors: Beaudoin Joan E. , Charbonneau Deborah H. , Allard Suzie , Tenopir Carol , Chen Hsin‐Liang , Zhang Yin , Qin Jian , Zilinski Lisa
Published: April 2015

This panel examines the state of research in the areas of data practices, behaviors, infrastructure, and policies through a series of five recently completed and in‐progress studies. At their core these investigations seek to examine strategies for better connecting data, policies, and research communities. Often data and their related practices, policies, and infrastructure lack connection and cohesiveness to support data sharing among various communities. To better understand the current situation these connections will be explored through an assessment of emerging research. It is hoped that this research can be utilized to transform and better connect data practices, policies, and communities of practice.
Pluri, multi‐, trans‐ meta‐ and interdisciplinary nature of LIS. Does it really matter?
Authors: Arafat Sachi , Buckland Michael , Feinberg Melanie , Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia , Shaw Ryan , Warner Julian
Published: April 2015

The field of LIS is beset by recurrent debates as to its disciplinary status. For decades, the interdisciplinary nature of information science has been upheld without much proof from the ground. But if LIS is not an interdiscipline, is it then a meta‐, a trans‐ a pluri‐, a multi‐ or simply a discipline? The different proposals for qualifying the nature of LIS or for delineating its frontiers suggest that its fundamental nature remains unclear for its community. But is LIS alone in this dilemma and does it really matter? Does it stop the field from progressing?
3D Technologies: New tools for information scientists to engage, educate and empower communities
Authors: Garcia Moriana M. , Messner Kevin , Urban Richard J. , Tripodis Sam , Hancock Megan E. , Colegrove Tod
Published: April 2015

This panel provides an overview of the adoption of three‐dimensional (3D) technologies by librarians and information scientists as tools for community engagement. 3D technologies –scanning, printing, and design– are some of the latest technical innovations making inroads into the library and museum environments. After a brief introduction on the technical aspects of 3D technologies, specialists from academic and public libraries discuss their experience implementing 3D services, with a special focus on newly established partnerships. In addition, they comment on the impact of the technologies on their institutions and communities. Empowering users to scan or create 3D objects often results in a growing collection of 3D digital files. An information scientist discusses how to manage these collections to ensure preservation and fair intellectual property practices. Finally, a museum professional describes creative ways of using 3D objects to enhance the museum experience and to expand the interaction of the public with museum artifacts. Following the presentations, the panelists engage in public discussion of the challenges and opportunities of these transformative technologies.
Community‐centered collecting: finding out what communities want from community archives
Authors: Caswell Michelle
Published: April 2015

While much recent work on community archives assumes that independent, grassroots archival organizations better match the priorities and needs of local communities than mainstream government or university repositories, little empirical work has been done to confirm this assumption. This study begins to remedy this gap by exploring what one subgroup of users of one community archive (the South Asian American Digital Archive or SAADA) would like to see the archive collect through a content analysis of responses given by South Asian American undergraduates to the questions of what they wish to know more about their grandparents’ generation and what they would like their grandchildren to know about them. The analysis uncovered several key themes about the past of interest to the subpopulation: information about specific relatives, major historical events in South Asia, economic, cultural, and racial barriers their parents or grandparents faced when they came to the U.S., and reasons for leaving South Asia. It also uncovered several areas that participants would like future generations to know about the present: social justice activism, blending two cultures, struggling to fit in as a minority, the impact of technological change, and discrimination in the wake of September 11, 2001. Based on these findings, some key collection priorities are suggested for SAADA to better match community needs.
Documenting young children's technology use: Observations in the home
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Winkler Denise Cantrell , Willson Rebekah , Davidson Christina , Danby Susan , Thorpe Karen
Published: April 2015

While there has been much interest in children's use of different technologies, research is often done with school‐age children in their classrooms. This exploratory research study looks at fifteen preschool children (aged three to five) in Queensland, Australia and their use of different technologies in their own homes. This paper examines data from a checklist of technologies available in the home and video recording data of children's interactions with online technologies and other people captured by parents, which were analyzed using a modified ‘seating sweeps’ (Given & Leckie 2003) approach to gain a detailed, descriptive analysis of the home environment.

A range of technologies are available to children, with the television and DVD player being most common in the home. Unlike desktop and laptop computers, which were restricted to adult use in half of homes, mobile computing devices (e.g., tablets and smartphones) were quite prevalent and generally available for children's use. In almost all cases children used devices designed for adults and often used them in common spaces in the home, such as the home office (38%) or living room (36%). Many children (45%) engaged independently with technology, able to accomplish activities and learn on their own. This study contributes to a growing body of literature about how young children connect to technology and the growing digital world around them. Examining children's interaction with technology and in the home environment allows researchers to better understand the role of technology in children's lives.
Critical informatics: New methods and practices
Authors: Sweeney Miriam E. , Brock André
Published: April 2015

While social informatics (SI) is uniquely positioned to examine the technical and organizational properties of information and communication technology (ICT) and associated user practices, it often ignores the cultural mediation of design, use, and meaning of ICTs. Critical informatics, more so than normative and analytic orientations to ICT, offers possibilities to foreground culture as a sensitizing context for studying information and technology in society. This paper articulates a new critical informatics approach: critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA) as an analysis employing critical cultural frameworks (e.g. critical race or feminist theory) to jointly interrogate culture and technology. CTDA (Brock) is a bifurcated approach for studying Internet phenomena integrating interface analysis with user discourse analysis. This paper outlines CTDA, providing examples of how its methodological flexibility applies to examining varied ICT artifacts, such as twitter and search engine phenomena, while maintaining a critical perspective on design and use. CTDA is an important tool for critical informaticists that contributes to building understanding of technology as culture, grounded in user perspectives and real‐world practices.
Human rights researchers’ data analysis and management practices
Authors: Xiao Lu , Elueze Isioma , Kavanaugh Jillian R.
Published: April 2015

The impetus to assist human rights researchers in data analysis is stronger than ever; however, little is known in the literature on human rights researchers’ practices in collecting, managing, and analyzing their research data. In an attempt to address this gap, we interviewed human rights researchers and conducted an online questionnaire to understand the characteristics of the data they analyze, as well as their data analysis and management practices, such as their experiences with data analysis software programs. We also explored their expectations with respect to a qualitative data analysis (QDA) software program.
Enclaves of anarchy: Preprint sharing, 1940‐1990
Authors: Wykle Stacy S.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this paper is to provide a timeline of the gradual organization of preprint sharing of traditional research articles and its consolidation as the preferred means of connection among scientists engaged at the forefront of increasingly narrower sub‐specialties that emerged after World War II. At mid‐century, the flood of research that scientific journals faced created a burden on the traditional system of publication. The social dynamics involved in the production of high energy physics research, in particular, proved to be the main arena of scientific communication that contributed to the advent of preprint exchange as an alternate system of publication during the 20th century. Increasing sophistication of information and communication technology relative to cost and convenience of use were factors that ultimately led to the online deployment of arχiv in 1991. The history of preprint sharing in scientific publishing is a relatively unexplored area of study, and subserves the larger need to understand the immediate circumstances surrounding the move to digital publication by scientific journals. In particular, the challenge presented by preprint sharing to the formal system of peer review that print journals have traditionally offered was an over‐riding concern throughout the course of the changes described here.
Intuitive or Idiomatic? An information‐cognitive psychology study of child‐tablet computer interaction
Authors: Rhonda N. McEwen , Dubé Adam K.
Published: April 2015

Using Luhmann's communication framework we examine the interaction implications that arise when kindergarten‐grade 2 students use mathematics applications on four types of tablet computers. We asked a)what content is communicatedbetween the child and the tablet computer, b) howis content communicated, c)how engaged are childrenin the tablet‐child interaction, and d)what factors influencethis engagement. We found that mathematics applications developers across the four platforms have focused on creating applications for the practice of a priori knowledge rather than on creating instructional applications. Also, the overall the emphasis in the applications studied was not to ‘gamify’ mathematics by providing entertainment but to offer a more traditional pedagogy, and that currently there is a low degree of diversity from developers in making use of the range of affordances of tablet computers. This communication studies‐psychology interdisciplinary study offers a new conceptual approach to the study of child‐tablet interaction.
What porn says to information studies: The affective value of documents, and the body in information behavior
Authors: Keilty Patrick , Leazer Gregory
Published: April 2015

In this paper we examine will examine how the everyday life of information seeking of pornography reveals two things. In contradiction of the general theory that says documents are sought for their cognitive value, the commonplace phenomenon of browsing pornography online demonstrates that documents are sought for their affective value. Furthermore, affective response reveals ways that the information seeker's own body is an important element in the negotiation of assessing and understanding documents during the seeking process. We also assess the degree to which these specific observations are true in more general settings.
Towards a model for research data reuse behavior
Authors: Curty Renata Gonçalves , Qin Jian
Published: April 2015

This poster reports a qualitative exploratory study of data reuse processes, and factors scientists consider when deciding whether or not to reuse data. Findings from this study revealed six core theoretical variables along with 28 influential factors that were salient across interviews and supported by research literature. The synthesis of findings led to the development of a model that draws upon the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate scientists’ intentions and behavior towards the reuse of research data. The proposed model offers a novel approach to the current base of knowledge that has been essentially exploratory and atheoretical in nature. It also serves as the foundation for a future larger scale research that expects to provide guidelines for policymakers, open data advocates, and data repository stakeholders to better attune policies and repositories to scientists’ expectations and needs.
Open access publishing and author rights: A local and comparative study of selected ARLs
Authors: Hubbard David E.
Published: April 2015

This bibliometric study was performed to gain a better understanding of open access (OA) journal publishing at a large U.S. research university. While there is an increasing amount of aggregated data about OA publishing, there are few studies that examine local institutional OA publishing patterns. This study addresses that deficiency. Publications for Texas A&M University (TAMU) were located using Scopus and the Gold OA journals among those publications were identified. It was determined that approximately 9% of the articles published at TAMU were in Gold OA journals. Most of these journals were concentrated in Science (Q), Medicine (R), Agriculture (S), and Technology (T). The author rights of these journals were also examined and categorized. The majority of journals examined allowed authors to retain copyright, but more than 20% required the authors to transfer some or all of their copyright. To provide context and comparison, the percentage of Gold OA articles among 16 peer institutions, all public Association of Research Libraries (ARLs), was also determined using Web of Science. Gold OA publishing among the 16 peer institutions was between 4.99% and 9.45%. Scopus indicated a higher level of Gold OA publishing at TAMU compared to Web of Science.
Assessing the value of public library services: A review of the literature and meta‐analysis (project META)
Authors: Arns Jennifer Weil , Miller Karen A.
Published: April 2015

This poster summarizes results of the IMLS funded University of South Carolina META project that explored the application of meta‐analysis techniques to develop a robust model of public library economic value. Completed in 2014, the project approached this topic with two fundamental questions: (1) whether the reviewed public library valuation studies provide mounting evidence concerning the contributions that public libraries make to the economic prosperity of the communities they serve, and (2) what steps need to be taken in order to strengthen this assertion? The results of the analyses performed to answer these questions suggest that Americans typically receive five to six dollars for every dollar they spend on public library services. The results also lead to recommendations concerning strategies that could add strength to this assertion and provide a powerful new argument for the continuance of public library services: more detailed reporting practices, greater methodological consistency, and systematic consideration of intangible benefits.
Effects of tasks at similar and different complexity levels
Authors: Zhang Yinglong , Gwizdka Jacek
Published: April 2015

We present preliminary results from a Web search study, where we paid particular attention to the design of complex tasks. We used subjective, behavioral, and cognitive measures to investigate the effects of task complexity and, separately, of search user interface elements. Our findings confirm the expected task properties by design – no differences between tasks at the same level of complexity, but significant differences between tasks at different levels of complexity on most dependent variables. The examined elements of user interface did not have a significant effect on experienced mental workload, however, they affected search behavior, but only on complex tasks.

Categories and Subject Descriptors

H3.3 Information Search and Retrieval: Search process.
Peer relationships and information sharing between LIS doctoral students
Authors: Lee Jongwook , Anderson Amelia , Burnett Gary
Published: April 2015

Doctoral students rely on their peers as important information sources. However, information behavior studies in academic settings most often describe peers as intermediaries who simply assist individuals’ information seeking for academic resources. To address this issue, the authors interviewed six LIS doctoral students at Florida State University in order to explore the types of peer relationships and information sharing between LIS doctoral students. The preliminary findings confirmed the existence of close, social/academic, and other peers that can be categorized as special, collegial, and information peers using Kram and Isabella's continuum of peer relationships. In addition, it was found that work‐related and everyday life information is shared in all three types of peer relationships, while relational strength influences the scope and depth of information sharing. Future work will investigate the role of peers as mentors and agents of socialization in academic settings, and will further address the types of information shared as part of such mentoring relationships.
Choosing metadata for discovery and description in a mixed‐content single‐subject library: A case study
Authors: Podleski Genevieve
Published: April 2015

This poster illustrates the decision‐making and implementation testing processes for development of a consistent and coherent unified metadata plan for an established digital library that is both an institutional and a subject repository.
Document retrieval method using random walk with restart on weighted co‐citation network
Authors: Eto Masaki
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a graph‐based retrieval technique on a weighted co‐citation network, which allows users to find more relevant documents easily from the co‐citation network. More specifically, the random walk with restart technique is applied to a weighted graph of documents, in which the degree of each edge weight is measured by the number of co‐citation documents and the strength of the co‐citation context; both obtained by parsing the full text of the citing documents. To evaluate its effectiveness empirically, a special test collection was created from the Open Access Subset of PubMed Central, and the search performance of the proposed method was compared with traditional co‐citation searching by “precision at k.” The experimental results indicate that the proposed method tends to retrieve much more relevant documents without reducing precision.
A tale of social Q&As in the united states and china
Authors: Zhang Yin , Deng Shengli , Yang Lina
Published: April 2015

This poster reports a study that examines and compares how Social Questions and Answers (Social Q&As, or SQAs) are used in the United States and China. The data were collected from users of the most popular SQA site in the two countries respectively. The preliminary findings show that overall SQA serves various user needs, and user satisfaction is at about 70% for both sites. However, user satisfaction with SQA answers varies by the types of questions. This is particularly relevant for Yahoo! Answers users in the United States. SQA users in both countries point out a common set of the most important factors as well as the least important factors for a virtual information service. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
Data management: Graduate student's awareness of practices and policies
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Qin Jian
Published: April 2015

This poster presents the preliminary results from a survey on the data management practices of graduate students. We investigate what graduate students know about data management from the technical aspects such as the familiarity and use of tools and technologies along with their participation and familiarity with data standards and policies. Preliminary data shows that graduate students lack awareness of data management policies, technologies, and practices when it comes to storing, accessing, and sharing data. The aim of this work is to provide insight on the data literacy needs of graduate students.
Transformation of newbery award books in chinese, japanese and korean translations
Authors: Jeong Wooseob , Han Hyejung
Published: April 2015

Many Newbery award books have been translated into Chinese, Japanese and Korean as an essential tool for higher academic achievements of children. The purpose of this study is to examine how Newbery award books have been translated and transformed in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Bibliographical data for translated titles were collected via national OPACs in the countries and online bookstores. Physical copies were also obtained for further physical examination of transformation. We found that among 91 Newbery medal books, from 1922 to 2012, more than 70% have been translated in this region. We also found that many titles have been transformed in terms of their cover images, content illustrations, sizes and the number of volumes in their translated editions in those countries. Marketing consideration and cultural differences are thought to be major reasons for the transformation. We concluded that books are literally judged by their covers.