bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Mullins C. A. , Straw R. A.
Published: December 2017

Transplants were set on 8 Aug at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 15 ft rows, and rows were on 3 ft centers. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Soil type was classified as Lily silt loam with pH 6.2. Insecticide applications were made using a 2.5 gal compressed CO2 hand sprayer calibrated to spray 80 gal/acre at 40 psi on 29 Aug, 12 and 27 Sep. CS-7 was added to both Confirm treatments. There were equal numbers of cabbage looper (CL) and imported cabbage worm (ICW) larvae on all treatments and evaluation dates. Larvae were counted on 10 heads on 6, 11 and 18 Aug. Leaf damage ratings (0 - no evident damage; 10 = 100% of leaves damaged) were made on 19 Sep. Number of damaged heads/ 10 plants were counted on 9 Oct. Number of marketable heads was determined on 18 Oct. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Control of Flea Beetles on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: December 2017

Cabbage was transplanted on 13 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply two applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to Admire, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. Admire was applied on only 7 Jul. Other treatments were applied on 26 Jul, 2 Aug. Evaluations for flea beetles were made on 7 Aug. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting three plants per plot and visually counting flea beetles. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of flea beetles using replicate totals. In addition to flea beetle counts, damage ratings were taken to compare Admire to the control. The other treatments were not compared as they were applied after the appearance of flea beetles and thus already had some damage. The damage ratings (intensity of injury) were made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (severely injured) on similarly positioned leaves on 4 different plants per replication.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides Against Dbm, 1994
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Dart K. , Shimabuku R. S.
Published: December 2017

The insecticide was evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from October to December. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft boom. The boom was set with three banks of hollow cone nozzles (TX-26, Spraying Systems) that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank; therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. Sprays were applied at 100 psi at a rate of 150 gpa. Applications were made at 3- to 4-day intervals according to DBM larval egg densities observed during the prior bi-weekly insect survey. Applications were made on 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 27, 31 Oct; 3, 7. 10, 14, 17, 24 Nov; 1 and 5 Dec for a total of 15 applications. Post-treatment evaluations were conducted on bi-weekly intervals. Ten plants were randomly selected from each treatment plot and carefully examined for immatures.
Effect of Treatment Timing on Control of Larval Striped Cucumber Beetle Injury to Cantaloupe Fruit, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Cantaloup ‘PMR-45’ was seeded 31 May to 60-inch rows and individual plots consisted of five, 27-ft rows. Insecticides were applied on three dates (29 Jul, 8 Aug, 18 Aug) with the first applications made to coincide with the onset of small fruit. Applications were made using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 8 gal/A. Evaluations were conducted 27 Aug by examining 10 fruit per plot and rating the amount of larval tunneling injury to the rind, using a 0 (no injury) to 3 (severe rind injury) scale.
Control of Insects on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G.
Published: December 2017

Sweet corn was planted 3 Jul at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of four rows, 30 ft. long, 30 in. apart, and were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Insecticides were applied via a Hahn HiBoy sprayer and propelled by CO2 using 3 hollow cone nozzle tips per row, one over the top and one directed at each side of the ear zone. Sprays were delivered in 17.5 gal waterlacre at 28 psi. Sprays were applied beginning at row tassel on 20,26, and 30 Aug and 3 Sep. On 11 Sep, 25 ears per plot were harvested and evaluated for damage and the number of caterpillars present was counted. Ears with damage confined to the terminal inch were considered marketable. Ears with no visible insect feeding were rated as clean. Results are presented as percentage of damaged ears based on 100 ears examined ant, counts of caterpillar species per 25 ears.
Control of Banks Grass Mite in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Hammon R. W. , Judson R. M.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were applied with a hand held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 1 18 gpa spray material at 25 psi through four LF4 nozzles at 18 inch spacing mounted on a 4.5 foot boom. Treatments were applied on 3 Jul 1996, when the first silks were appearing on sweet corn that was approximately five feet in height. Plots were 7.5 feet by 30 feet, arranged in a RCB design replicated four times. Only the middle row of the three row plots was used for evaluation purposes. Mites were sampled prior to spraying, and again on 10 Jul (7 DAT). Sampling involved collecting five random ear leaves per plot, brushing the leaves with a Leedon Engineering Mite Brushing Machine, and counting a subsample of the extracted mites. Damage evaluations were made on 29 Jul, when sweet corn was harvest ready, by rating each plot on a 0-5 damage scale: 0 = no damage, 1 = 1-20% ears damaged by mites, 2 = 21-40% damaged ears, 3 = 41-60% damaged ears, 4 = 61-80% damaged ears and 5 = 81-100% damaged ears. Data were (X + 0.5)½ transformed before analysis of variance. Actual means are presented.
Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol
Published: December 2017

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 31 May ’96. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gpa with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 30% silk 20, 24 and 28 Jul. At harvest on 5 Aug, 50 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for insect damage as fresh-market ears (clean, no damage evident), processing ears (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage), and culls (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All insects found within the husk or ear were identified.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Corn with Foliar Applications, 1996
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: December 2017

Corn was planted on 27 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. The planting consisted of a RCB design with four replicates of six treatments and one untreated check. Plots consisted of six 25-ft rows of sweet corn on 3 ft centers with 9-inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 25 ft. Treatments consisted of three applications of each insecticide for naturally intesting lepidopterans. Foliar sprays were applied with a 4-row high-boy tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles per row with flat fan 110015 tips, and delivering 26.4 gpa at 47 psi and 2.5 mph. Silwet sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all foliar treatments. Insecticides were applied on 4, 11 and 20 Sep. On 7 Oct, 25 ears from the four treated rows of each plot were evaluated for ear injury.
Control of Lepidqpterous Larvae on Lettuce with Garlic, 1996
Authors: Kerns D. L. , Tellez T.
Published: December 2017

Lettuce was direct seeded into double-rows on 42-in beds on 9 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots were four beds wide by 30 ft long. Each plot was bordered on each side by two blank beds. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer with three TX-6 hollow cone nozzles per bed, calibrated to deliver 40 gpa at 200 psi. All treatment applications included Crocker’s Fish Oil at 10 oz/acre and Kinetic non-ionic surfactant at 0.10% v/v. Treatments were split into two regimes (early-season and late-season). The early-season applications were applied on 1 Oct, 11 Oct and 17 Oct. The late-season applications were applied on 25 Oct, 31 Oct, 5 Nov and 18 Nov. Evaluations were made five to six days after each application (7 Oct, 16 Oct, 22 Oct, 30 Oct, 4 Nov, 12 Nov and 25 Nov) by randomly selecting 10 plants per plot and counting the number of live small (1st and 2nd instar) and large (>2nd instar) CL larvae. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With In-Furrow Treatments and Microbial InsectiCides, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol
Published: December 2017

‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 8 Apr, ‘96. Plots consisted of single treatment rows. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’A loamy sand. Initial furrow treatments were mixed in 208 mis. of water and applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at the rate of 40 gallons per acre at 30 psi on 8 Apr. Foliar treatments of Novodor were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments of Novodor were applied 27 Jun. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and percent defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 8 Jul from 20 ft of row.
Use of Fipronil at Dragoff and In-Furrow for Insect Control on Potatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted on 26 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between row spacing and 6 ft of bare ground between plots. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. In furrow treatments were applied prior to planting on 26 Mar and dragoff treatments were applied after dragoff on 22 April with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. CPB counts were made on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot and dates with significant differences are recorded in the table. The number of ECB damaged stems/10 random stems/plot was counted on 25 Jun, and percent defoliation was rated for each plot on 19 Jun. On 10 Jul, the center two rows of each plot were dug and graded to determine yields.
Evaluation of Selected Soil and Foliar Insecticides on Sweetpotato Weevil, White Grubs and Banded Cucumber Beetles, 1995
Authors: Hammond A. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. , McCown C. R. , Ring D.
Published: December 2017

A test was conducted in Hessmer, LA, to determine the efficacy of two soil insecticides and three foliar applied insecticides for control of sweetpotato weevil, banded cucumber beetle, and white grubs. Treatments were arranged in a CRB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted in Jun. Plots were 4 rows wide (4 feet/row) and 50 ft long. Insecticides were applied at planting day (soil insecticides) and at weekly intervals starting three weeks after transplanting. A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single row boom (20 inches wide) containing three nozzles (Cone Jet SX-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 13 Oct and field graded into number 1, 2, or 3. From each plot, in each of the 3 grades, 50 potatoes were randomly selected and evaluated for insect damage. The number of potatoes infested with sweetpotato weevil, the number of white grub feeding scars, and the number of holes present caused by banded cucumber beetles (or wireworms) were counted. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and treatment means were separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Evaluation of Selected Soil and Foliar Insecticides on Sweetpotatoes for Control of White Grubs and Banded Cucumber Beetles, 1995
Authors: Hammond A. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. , McCown C. R. , Ring D.
Published: December 2017

A test was conducted in Evangeline Parish, LA, to determine the efficacy of two soil insecticides and three foliar applied insecticides for control of banded cucumber beetles and white grubs. Treatments were arranged in a CRB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted on 13 Jun. Plots were 4 rows wide (4 ft/row) and 50 ft long. Soil insecticides were applied on planting day and foliar insecticides were applied at approximately weekly intervals starting three weeks after transplanting (5, 15, 21, 28 Jul, 3, 11, 18,25 Aug, 1, 8 and 15 Sep.) A CO2 pressurized back pack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single boom (20 inches wide) containing three nozzles (Cone Jet sx-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 28 Sep and field graded into U.S. number 1,2, or 3’s. From each plot, in each of the 3 grades, 50 potatoes were randomly selected and evaluated for insect damage. The number of white grub feeding scars and the number of holes present caused by banded cucumber beetles were counted. All data were anlayzed by ANOVA and treatment means were separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Control of Southern Armyworm on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Fall 1995
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: December 2017

Transplants were set 5 Sep, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15-ft row with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 29 Sept, 6, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 17, 25 Nov, 2, and 8 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 100 gpa using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Fruit were harvested on 15, 28 Nov and 12 Dec. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined.
Management of Insects on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1996A
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: December 2017

Transplants were set 27 Feb, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 10, 17, 25 Apr, 1,8, 15, 22, 29 May, and 5 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 90 gpa the first four applications and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 7 Jun, the numbers of tomato pinworm leafmines and leaf rolls were counted by two persons in a 2 min. whole plot search. On 20 May, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 1 minute whole plot search. On 20 May and 7 Jun, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by southern armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. Pinworm and leafminer damage counts of both persons were totalled and damage ratings were averaged. Fruit were harvested on 22 May and 3 Jun. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae, flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end) and stinkbugs were determined.
Comparison of Pymetrozine (Cga 215944) and Imidacloprid (Provado) Foliar Sprays to Control Aphids in Tomatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Tomatoes were transplanted on 9 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single row 20 ft X 5 ft, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. On 1 Oct, heavy potato aphid populations developed in the test field. A pre-count of live aphids on 5 randomly picked compound leaves/plot was taken on this date and followed by a single application of all treatments. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer equipped with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom and delivering 46 gal water/acre at 40 psi. To evaluate efficacy, the plots were sampled as previously described for the pre-count on the dates indicated in the table.
Effect of Registered and Experimental Insecticides on Second Generation White Apple Leafhopper, 1996
Authors: Beers E. H.
Published: December 2017

The test was conducted in a mature apple orchard (several strains of ‘Delicious’) on the grounds of the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. Treatments were replicated 4 times, with each replicate consisting of a single tree. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, using pre-treatment leafhopper populations as the blocking factor. The experimental treatments were applied on 21 Aug, which coincided with the 1st appearance of adults of the 2nd generation. Pesticides were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip. WALH populations were sampled c-a. weekly by counting in situ all live nymphs on 20 leaves per tree, distributed throughout the tree canopy.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control on Malting Barley, 1996
Authors: Blodgett Sue L. , Tharp Cecil , Waters Deb
Published: December 2017

Malting barley was planted by a producer located near Edgar, MT on 13 Apr. Plots were 20 ft long and 8 rows wide (1 ft row spacing) and arranged in a RCB design with four replications (Trial 1) and 3 replications (Trial 2). Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. Number of CLB eggs and larvae per plant were counted on 3 plants from center rows. Plots in Trial 1 were treated on 17 May when barley was at 2 to 3 tiller stage and evaluated on 1,3, and 11 DAT. No CLB larvae were detected until 28 May. A second trial was conducted to determine insecticide efficacy on CLB larvae. Plots in Trial 2 were treated on 4 Jun when barley was beginning to joint and evaluated on 1,3, 7, and 14 DAT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using DMRT.
Flea Beetle Control, 1996
Authors: Bragg D. E.
Published: December 2017

Plots were planted 30 May at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA at a rate of 6 lb seed/acre in 7-inch rows. Plots were 20 X 4 ft replicated 4 times in a RCBD, and were situated adjacent to a crested wheat grass field. Treatments of CR-10 at 2.5 lbs product per acre and Gaucho 75 ST at 12 oz AI cwt seed were applied at planting. Six other treatments were made at emergence with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi. Conditions at emergence treatment were: 75° F with a 5 mph wind at 11:00 a.m. A mean of 80 FB were present per 6.6 ft of row throughout the plot area at time of treatment. All plants were in cotyledon stage with the apical meristem visible. Counts of damage were made of 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction of apical meristem, on 2, 5, 9, and 12 DAT. All surviving plants were in the rosette stage by 12 DAT.
Western Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1996
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. T.
Published: December 2017

Eight insecticides were applied for control of WCR larvae in no-till and conventional tillage corn. The test was set up in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm on 14 May in a RCB design with three replicates of no-till and three replicates of conventional tillage. Individual plots consisted of single rows, 12 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots received Bicep 6L at 2.27 liters per acre and Roundup 3L at 2 pt/a at planting plus Accent 75 SP (0.0356 lb [AI]/acre) on 7 Jun. All insecticide treatments were applied at planting. Extended leaf heights were measured on each of 10 plants per plot on 14 Jun. Plant stand counts were recorded on 3 Jun. Numbers of lodged plants per plot was recorded 27 Jun. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was less than 45°. Root damage ratings were evaluated on 27 Jun by examining 5 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 system. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means compared by LSD (SAS Institute).
Apple, Effects of Insecticides on Spirea Aphid and Its Natural Enemies, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Fuji’ and 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 4 years old and planted to a spacing of 20 x 30 ft. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa, driven at 2.4 mph. The date of application for the treatments was 21 Jun. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Ziram 76WP. All maintenance materials were applied using the alternate row middle method of application. Effectiveness on the spirea aphid was evaluated by counting the number of aphid-infested leaves/10 actively growing shoots, and by rating the density of aphids/most infested leaf on a 0-4 scale as given in the table footnotes. The number of natural enemies preying on aphids was determined by counting the number observed in a 2-min examination around the periphery of each plot tree. Pest pressure was moderate during the course of the experiment.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm and Residual Pest Control, 1996
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were applied by fixed wing airplane to field corn in the pollen shed stage on 1 Aug. All treatments were applied in water with 1.5 oz/acre Dynamic surfactant. Capture was applied at 0.08 lb Al/acre in total volumes of 1 gpa, 3 gpa and 5 gpa. Penncap-M was applied at 0.625 lb Al/acre in a total volume of 1 gpa. The plots were 120 ft wide and field length. Each treatment was replicated two times and arranged in a RCB design. Corn rootworm (CRW) beetles were counted on five plants in one row, each plant separated by four plants. Five leaves, on each of three plants, were evaluated for the presence of naturally occurring twospotted spider mites (TSM). Four plants in each plot were artificially infested with TSM 14 DAT. Five leaves on each of these plants were rated for mite colonies 21 and 28 DAT. European corn borer (ECB) damage was evaluated 86 DAT by splitting from root to tassel ten plants from each plot. Yield was determined by hand harvesting and shelling all ears from 40 ft of row.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on Continuous Corn, 1996
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B. , Young C. E. , Jasinski J. R.
Published: December 2017

Soil insecticides were evaluated for stand protection and root-worm control at the OARDC Northwestern Branch Station near Hoytville, OH. The test included six treatments compared with an untreated check on reduced tillage plots that were 61 m (200 ft) in length and 4-row wide. Row spacing was at 76.2 cm (30 inches). A RCBD was applied with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 5 Jun at planting time using a 4-row John Deere 7000 planter equipped Noble granular applicators. All treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. Stand counts on 30.5 m (100 ft) of row and root ratings of 5 root systems per plot using the Iowa 1-6 scale were taken 26 Jul. On 29 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Bollworms on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted on 12 May into a Wicham loam soil in 38-inch rows at the Cherry Farn Unit in Goldsboro. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Temik at 5.0 lb. (AI)/acre was used at planting. Plot size was 50 ft X 6 rows with four replications arranged in a RCBD. Insecticide applications were applied on 29 Jul and on 8 and 19 Aug with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX 8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. All treatments were evaluated for fruit damage and live caterpillars on 6 and 15 Aug and 2 Sep., as indicated in the table. On 12 Aug, 57 BW and TBW were taken from the outside 2 rows of the untreated check plots and reared to adulthood to determine species composition. Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 3 Nov. Seed cotton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Bagwell R. D.
Published: December 2017

Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids on non-irrigated cotton in the Macon Ridge region of Louisiana. Plots were planted 28 Apr and consisted of 3 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications in both tests. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test areas. Treatments were applied to Test I on 24 May and Test II on 7 Jun. Insecticides were applied with a hand-boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 25 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling ten plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot. Treatments were evaluated in Test I on 27 May (3 DAT) and in Test II on 10 (3 DAT) and 17 Jun (10 DAT). Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. The plots in Test II received 0.54, 0.26, and 0.03 inch rainfall on 8, 14, and 15 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Selected Non-Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of Bollworm on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy of selected non-pyrethoid insecticides was evaluated for control of bollworm in Virginia cotton. ‘DPL 51’ cotton was planted 10 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 31 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the two center rows of each plot. All applications were applied at egg threshold (based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls) and again in 5 days. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Heliothine Larvae on Cotton (Trial 1), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

This test was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of larvicides and larvicide combinations for the control of TBW and BW in cotton in Mississippi. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with four untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plots were sampled at 3-4 day-intervals throughout the growing season for square damage, larvae in terminals and squares, and eggs in terminals. Twenty-five randomly selected terminals and squares in each plot were sampled, and treatment was initiated when population levels reached treatment threshold according to recommendations in the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide. Other pests occurring throughout the season were treated according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide recommendations. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX 4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Applications were made on 24 Jun, 4, 10, 22 and 29 Jul, and 7 Aug. Yield was estimated by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot. Rain was frequent during the trial and caused poor timing of insecticide application, contributing to reduced residual efficacy of insecticides.
Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton (Field Trial), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

This test evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of TPB in cotton. Plots were 8 rows wide and 50 ft long with 8 untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffei between plots. Plots were sampled 3 DAT for TPB in squares. Twenty-five randomly selected squares in each plot were sampled by visually observing the number of TBP adults and nymphs in each square. An insecticide application was applied on 9 Aug with a high-clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity.
Thrips Control in Cotton with In-Furrow Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Studebaker Glenn
Published: December 2017

‘Hartz 1215’ cotton was planted on 15 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center. Granular compounds were applied by Gandy box on the planter. In-furrow liquids were applied with a CO2-powered system mounted on the planter directing sprays into the furrow. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 5.5 gpa at 42 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Bidrin was applied as a foliar application. All other treatments were in-furrow at planting. Plots were four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Damage ratings were based on a scale of 1-10 with 10 = severe damage. Thrips counts were made by collecting 5 plants from each plot in alcohol, washing the plants through a sieve, collecting the thrips on a piece of filter paper. Stand counts were made by counting the number of plants in 7 ft on 2 rows for a total of 14 row feet. Plant height was measured on 5 plants in each plot. Yields were taken by harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H.
Published: December 2017

Cotton seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam on 1 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. The seed was treated with Orthene 80S (8 oz form/cwt seed) and Terraclor Super X (10 lb form./acre) was applied at planting to reduce seeding disease problems. Plots in this test consisted of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X35 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 20 psi. Plots were treated on 15 May and sampled on 17 (2 DAT), 20 (5 DAT), and 23 May (8 DAT). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT. No rainfall occurred during this test.
Effects of Selected Seed, Foliar and In-Furrow Applied Insecticides on Thrips Injury, Plant Stand and Yield, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A.
Published: December 2017

Selected insecticides, applied as seed, foliar or in-furrow treatments, were evaluated against TT injury and for effects on plant stand and yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted 23 Apr at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with tractor-mounted jars calibrated to deliver exact amounts through lid holes via gravity; liquids with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 24 psi- through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction. Foliar sprays were applied in a 12- to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003E nozzle per row. Seed treatments were prepared just before planting by gently mixing measured amounts of product and seed in the planter box (PB). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. TT injury was evaluated based on a 0 to 10 scale where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + a90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Plant stand was assessed by counting all seedlings in the 2 center rows of each plot (17 May). Yield was determined by digging, drying and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mites in Peanuts, 1994
Authors: Mulder P.G.
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected miticides for control of TSSM. One portion of a field was selected because of a uniform infestation of TSSM. The field selected was planted on 36-inch rows on 2 Jun. Management practices were determined by the grower, but did not include any insecticides or miticides. The selected area became heavily infested with TSSM because of lack of moisture from inoperable irrigation nozzles. Each plot was 25 ft long by 2 rows wide. Plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replicates. Treatments were applied on 5 Sep using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 32 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. To avoid overspray from adjacent plots, treatments were separated by 2 rows of peanut. Pretreatment counts were taken on 5 Sep just prior to application. Post-treatment counts were made on 13 Sep and 18 Sep, or 8 and 13 DAT, respectively. Treatments were evaluated by comparing mite control on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Population densities of mites were estimated by sampling an area of 0.35 in2 (2.25 cm2) on each plant in the lower, middle and upper canopy. This sampling scheme resulted in checking 15 leaflets per plot. Yields were determined by digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from both rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil With Karate 1996
Authors: Bernhardt J. L.
Published: December 2017

The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch spacing) by 20 ft. Each plot was bound by levees. Rice was drill-seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 2 May and emerged on 10 May. Propanil and Bolero at 4 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 29 May. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 75 lb N/acre as urea on 5 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 1 and 9 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 5 Jun. All treatments of Karate were made with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer at 18 gpa. The Karate 0 d preflood treatment was applied 3 h before application of permanent flood. Karate 0 d after flood was applied 4 h after permanent flood was established. Furadan 3G was applied 14 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. On 25 and 26 Jun and on 1 and 2 Jul five 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 4 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a small combine on 11 Sept. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil in A Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 8 Apr, plots were fertilized by hand with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, plots were dry-seeded by hand with fipronil-treated or untreated seed at 90 lb/acre. Fipronil-treated seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Pre-plant incorporated treatments were applied on 8 Apr with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 29.7 gpa. After spray applications, fertilizer, seed, and spray treatments were incorporated into dry soil (League) with a rake. Immediately after incorporating, plots were flush irrigated (temporarily flood for 24 h then drain). Rice emerged through the soil on 18 Apr. From emergence to application of the permanent flood on 10 May (22 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 30 Apr, plots were treated with Stam 4E and Basagran at 4.0 lb and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. On 9 May, plots were treated again with Stam 4E and Basagran at 2.0 lb and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. On 10 May (immediately before application of the permanent flood), plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar 14 d after application of the permanent flood. On 4 Jun (approximately panicle differentiation), urea was applied by hand at 51 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied to rice was 170 lb/acre. On each of 6 and 25 Jun (27 and 46 d after application of the permanent flood) five 4 inch diameter by 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity (5 Aug) plots were harvested with a small plot combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using (x + 0.05) and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Water-Seeded,Continuous Flood Culture,1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Ordram 15G at 27 lb product/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a rake. Plots were flooded to a depth of about 4 inches and hand-planted with sprouted seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre on 12 Apr. Rice emerged 23 Apr. At the times and rates shown in the table, designated plots were treated with Karate 1EC using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 33.4 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at the rate and time shown in the table using a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 20 May and 17 Jun (27 and 55 d after rice emergence through the water), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. On 6 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 170 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (5 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 17 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre and hand-planted with 90 lb seed/acre. Fipronil-treated seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company and was applied at the rate shown in the table. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a rake. On 18 Apr, plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24 h, then drain). Rice emerged 24 Apr. From emergence of rice through the soil until application of the permanent flood on 16May(22d after rice emergence), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 9 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75DF, Bolero 8EC, and Basagran at 0.67 lb/acre, 3 pt/acre, and 1.5 pt/acre, respectively. Immediately prior to the permanent flood, designated plots were treated at the rates shown in the table with Karate 1EC or Fipronil 80WG using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 29.7 gpa. Plots were fertilized -i with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre immediately before the permanent flood. Designated plots were treated post-flood at the rates and times shown in the table j with Karate 1EC and Dimilin 2L using the same methods and materials described for the pre-flood treatments. Furadan 3G was also applied post-flood at j the rate and time shown in the table to designated plots using a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 10 Jun and 8 Jul (25 and 53 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice j plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 14 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 170 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (26 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to i 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
European Red Mite Control on Apples, 1996
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R.
Published: December 2017

Studies were conducted on a 17-year-old block of ‘Delicious’ apples with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plots consisted of 2 groups of 5 trees each, and 2 trees per group (4 total) served as replicates and were arranged in a RCBD. All materials were applied with an airblast sprayer delivering 209 gpa and all trees received the same insecticide and fungicide program throughout the season. Treatments consisted of Apollo SC (4 oz/acre) on 19 Apr (early pink), Savey 50WP (3 oz/acre) on 19 Apr, Agri-Mek 0.15EC on 24 May (1st cover), the non-registered miticide Pyramite 60WP (0.3 lb[AI]/acre) which was applied on 11 Jul based a threshold of ≈ 15 mites/leaf, and an untreated check.
Evaluation of Selected Experimental and Standard Insecticides Against Soybean Looper, 1996
Authors: Mascarenhas R. N. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boyd M. L. , Clemens C. G. , Boethel D. J. , Vidrine P. R. , Moore S. H.
Published: December 2017

A field trial was conducted at the Dean Lee Research Station, located near Alexandria (Rapides Parish), Louisiana. Plots were 50 ft long by 4 rows (38-inch row spacing) and arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gpa at 35 psi through TJ8002 flat fan nozzles (2 per row). Insecticide treatments were applied to R5 stage ‘Buckshot 723’ soybeans on 14 Aug. Post-treatment samples (25 sweeps per plot) were taken with a standard 15-inch diam net at 3 and 7 DAT. Slight rainfall occurred during the experimental period (0.69 inch).
Apple, Control of European Red Mite, 1996
Authors: Wise John C.
Published: December 2017

Miticides were applied to mature trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Burgundy Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees, replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 10 May (Tight Cluster), 5 Jun (Petal Fall + 7 days), 12 Jun (1C), 19 Jun (2C), 1 Aug (ERM threshold), and 14 Aug (ERM threshold + 14 days) as indicated in tables. Dithane, Captan, Nova, Funginex, Syllit, Thiodan, Sulfur, Ambush, and Rubigan were applied separately to all treatments. Mite evaluations were made on 3 Jun, 27 Jun, 17 Jul, 30 Jul, 13 Aug and 23 Aug by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from each replicate for a total of 200 leaves per treatment. Mites were collected from these leaves with a mite-brushing machine. The eggs and motile forms of ERM, and adult predatory mites ZM and AF were then counted under a microscope.
Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Braun R. J.
Published: December 2017

A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.