bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplemental effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 probiotic on the laying characteristics and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in laying hens
Authors: Shanmugam Sureshkumar , Barbé Florence , Park Jae Hong , Chevaux Eric , Kim In Ho
Published: May 2024

The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health (‘gut-bone’ axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (− 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (− 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (− 0.8% for all eggs, − 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (− 25.2%) and ileum (− 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
Double-slit holography—a single-shot lensless imaging technique
Authors: Wicki Flavio , Latychevskaia Tatiana
Published: May 2024

In this study, we propose a new method for single-shot, high-resolution lensless imaging called double-slit holography. This technique combines the properties of in-line and off-axis holography in one single-shot measurement using the simplest double-slit device: a plate with two apertures. In double-slit holography, a plane wave illuminates the two apertures giving rise to two spherical waves. While diffraction of one spherical wave from a sample positioned behind the first aperture (the object aperture) provides the object wave, the other spherical wave diffracted from the second (reference) aperture provides the reference wave. The resulting interference pattern in the far-field (hologram) combines the properties of an in-line (or Gabor-type) hologram and an off-axis hologram due to the added reference wave from the second aperture. Both the object and reference waves have the same intensity, which ensures high contrast of the hologram. Due to the off-axis scheme, the amplitude and phase distributions of the sample can be directly reconstructed from the hologram, and the twin image can be easily separated. Due to the object wave being the same as in-line holography with a spherical wave, imaging at different magnifications is similarly done by simply adjusting the aperture-to-sample distance. The resolution of the reconstructed object is given by the numerical aperture of the optical setup and the diameter of the reference aperture. It is shown both by theory and simulations that the resolution of the reconstructed object depends on the diameter of the reference wave aperture but does not depend on the diameter of the object aperture. Light optical proof-of-concept experiments are provided. The proposed method can be particularly practical for X-rays, where optical elements such as beam splitters are not available and conventional off-axis holography schemes cannot be realised.
Overcoming resistance to belief revision and correction of misinformation beliefs: psychophysiological and behavioral effects of a counterfactual mindset
Authors: Rose Jacob M. , Ganbold Odkhishig , Rose Anna M. , Thibodeau Jay C. , Rotaru Kristian
Published: May 2024

In a series of experiments involving beliefs and misinformation beliefs, we find that individuals who are prompted with a counterfactual mindset are significantly more likely to change their existing beliefs when presented with evidence that contradicts their beliefs. While research finds that beliefs that are considered part of one’s identity are highly resistant to change in the face of evidence that challenges these beliefs, four experiments provide evidence that counterfactual generation causes individuals to adjust beliefs and correct misinformation beliefs in response to contradicting evidence. Indeed, we find that a counterfactual mindset was effective in promoting incorporation of accurate facts and causing individuals to revise misinformation beliefs about COVID vaccination safety for a large sample of individuals who have rejected COVID vaccinations. Finally, the results of the psychophysiological experiment reveal that counterfactual generation alters decision makers’ search strategies, increases their cognitive arousal in response to evidence that challenges their beliefs, and increases their desire to seek out disconfirming evidence. Overall, the four experiments indicate that counterfactual generation can effectively activate mindsets that increase individuals’ willingness to evaluate evidence that contradicts their beliefs and adjust their beliefs in response to evidence.
The effect of whole-body vibration on glucose and lipid profiles in type-2 diabetes: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomized trials
Authors: Binesh Maryam , Ehsani Fatemeh , Motaharinezhad Fatemeh , Jayedi Ahmad , Emadi Alireza
Published: May 2024

Whole-body vibration (WBV), a training method based on the stimulation of muscle contraction by mechanical vibration generated in a vibrating platform, is claimed to be effective in diabetes management. This meta-analysis evaluated WBV effects against other exercises, placebo, or no intervention in type-2 diabetes. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched through June 2023. Randomized controlled trials reported the effect of WBV on glucose (hemoglobin A1C and fasting blood glucose), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high, and low-density lipoprotein) were included. Two researchers independently extracted the characteristics of the studies, participants, WBV intervention and comparisons, and the outcomes from the included articles. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed trial quality. In this review, all articles had no high risk of bias according to the PEDro scale, with studies achieving optimal, excellent, and good scores. Network meta-analysis revealed that WBV was effective for reducing hemoglobin A1C when compared with conventional (mean difference: − 1.58%, 95%CrI: − 2.51, − 0.47) and resistance exercise (mean difference: − 1.32%, 95%CrI: − 1.96, − 0.33). WBV had also a desirable but insignificant effect on hemoglobin A1C compared to stretching and balance exercises, placebo, and no intervention. The current pairwise meta-analysis did not show that WBV favors fasting blood glucose and lipids. WBV may have potential advantages for glycemic control in type-2 diabetes. However, uncertainties in the findings remain due to the limited number of studies and their heterogeneity.
Persulfate assisted photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of TiO2–CuO coupled with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Thambiliyagodage Charitha , Liyanaarachchi Heshan , Jayanetti Madara , Ekanayake Geethma , Mendis Amavin , Samarakoon Upeka , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu
Published: May 2024

Photocatalysts of TiO2–CuO coupled with 30% graphene oxide (GO) were hydrothermally fabricated, which varied the TiO2 to CuO weight ratios to 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 and reduced to form TiO2–CuO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) photocatalysts. They were characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, Raman, and DRS technologies. TiO2–CuO composites and TiO2–CuO/GO degrade methylene blue when persulfate ions are present. Persulfate concentration ranged from 1, 2, 4 to 8 mmol/dm−3 in which the highest activity of 4.4 × 10–2 and 7.35 × 10–2 min−1 was obtained with 4 mmol/dm−3 for TiO2–CuO (1:4) and TiO2–CuO/GO (1:1), respectively. The presence of EDTA and isopropyl alcohol reduced the photodegradation. TiO2–CuO coupled with rGO coagulates methylene blue in the presence of persulfate ions and such coagulation is independent of light. The catalyst dosage and the concentration of the dye were varied for the best-performing samples. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized samples was evaluated against the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Ti:Cu (1:2)-GO and Ti:Cu (1:4)-GO had the highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae (16.08 ± 0.14 mm), P. aeruginosa (22.33 ± 0.58 mm), E. coli (16.17 ± 0.29 mm) and S. aureus (16.08 ± 0.88).
Copper ions-intercalated manganese dioxide self-supporting mesoporous carbon electrode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Jin Richeng , Fang Yuan , Gao Beibei , Wan Ying , Zhou Yi , Rui Guofeng , Sun Wei , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: May 2024

The insertion of copper ions expands the layer spacing of MnO2, stabilizes the structure of MnO2, enhances the diffusion ability of H+, and thus exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.
Downregulation of CD38, CD95, and PD-1 Expression in T Cells of Aging Mice by Intervention of Polygala fallax Hemsl
Authors: Yang Yang , Leaño Emmanuel P.
Published: May 2024

The immune system plays an essential role in aging. Polygala fallax Hemsl. (PFH) enhances the immune response and promotes immune function. The study aimed to investigate whether PFH had a positive effect on the immune function of aging mice to delay aging. Kunming mice were selected to establish an aging mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose at 500 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Astragalus membranaceus, which has been used as one of the positive control groups. After modeling, A. membranaceus low, medium, and high doses of PFH were administered by gavage for 4 weeks, Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine T-cell subsets and the expression of CD38, CD95, and PD-1 in peripheral blood. Prism 9.5.1 statistical software for classification analysis was used with all data expressed in (¯x ± s). One way ANOVA was further used to detect statistically significant differences between group. Results revealed that serum SOD activity was decreased and MDA content was elevated in the MODEL group compared with those in the CONTROL group. A. membranaceus and PFH increased SOD activity and decreased MDA content. Furthermore, the expression of CD38, CD95, and PD-1 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was increased in the MODEL group compared with those in the CONTROL group. CD38, CD95, and PD-1 expression decreasing trend after the administration of A. membranaceus and PFH. Among them, CD38, CD95, and PD-1 were the most significantly reduced in PFH-L group. It is therefore concluded that PFH had a positive effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell function in aging mice, which could delay aging to a certain extent.
The effect of winter flounder antifreeze protein and its mutants on methane hydrate growth: A molecular dynamic simulation study
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Zhang Jun , Zhong Jie , Wang Zili
Published: May 2024

Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are widely found in seafloor sediments. In engineering, it is usually necessary to inject 60% of thermodynamic inhibitors, which makes hydrate extraction costly and polluting. Currently, kinetic inhibitors have attracted much attention due to their low injection dose and environmental friendliness, but the research is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we investigated the interaction between winter flounder antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and methane hydrate growth using molecular dynamics simulations. AFPs adsorbed on the hydrate surface and hindered the mass transfer of methane molecules. At the same time, the water molecules around the AFP adsorption surface are in a quasi-liquid state, a structure that facilitates the binding of AFPs to the hydrate surface. Analysis of the probability of amino acid adsorption showed that AFP was adsorbed to the hydrate surface through a combination of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Subsequent directional mutagenesis experiments showed that increasing the hydrophobicity of AFP rather weakens its adsorption capacity. This suggests that excessive hydrophobicity of AFP may be counterproductive to its adsorption on the hydrate surface. These findings deepen the understanding of the AFP mechanism and its potential for the development of novel hydrate inhalants.
Analysis of esophageal cancer-related mutations from cfDNA sequenced by Single-strand Adaptor Library Preparation sequencing
Authors: Guan Yu , Li Qiong , Liu Shicai , Liu Hongde , Wang Jinke
Published: May 2024

Objectives: More convenient and effective non-invasive diagnostic methods are essential for the detection and prognosis of cancer. This study aimed to mine the information in plasma cfDNA to find novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (ESCA). Methods: Blood samples were collected from esophageal cancer patients and healthy individuals. SALP-seq method was used to construct libraries and sequence cfDNA samples from 40 esophageal cancer patients and 10 normal cfDNA samples, and mutation analysis was performed. Results: Esophageal cancer related mutational signatures and 52 mutated genes were identified. Many of these genes are known cancer-related genes. Mutations in these genes were also found in 11 additional ESCA cfDNA samples. Conclusion: SALP-seq based cfDNA mutation analysis can obtain reliable and verifiable biomarkers for ESCA. These biomarkers provide a novel reference for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, as well as offer novel insights into understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of esophageal carcinogenesis. Finally, our method provides a new avenue to explore novel cancer biomarkers.
A review of chimeric proteins/enzymes
Authors: Zhu Jiakang , Han Song , Gao Le
Published: May 2024

The low homologous protein chimeric recombination technique by rational design of mutant library proteins in the construction of chimeric esterases by structural domain recombination often produces a large number of inclusion bodies due to misfolding of nascent proteins caused by clashes between residue sidechains, leading to a decrease in soluble protein content. The formation of inclusion bodies is evidence of erroneous interactions of intermediates and the lack of essential cofactors in the cell. Heterotrimeric proteins obtained during chimerisation of low homologous parental chimeric esterases tend to produce misfolding, resulting in inactive chimeric esterases constructed or low soluble protein content. Chimeric enzymes obtained by using structural domain recombination to alter the nature and function of the enzyme play an important role in medicine and industry, among others. Although low homology parental chimerism is more likely to produce chimeric enzymes with new functions, the lower the homology of the parents the more likely it is to produce conflicts between residues, causing the resulting heterotrimeric proteins to misfold and form a large number of inclusion bodies. With the development of bioinformatics technology and improved understanding of protein properties, chimerisation of some low homology protein molecules is now possible. In this article we review several methods and important strategies for directed protein evolution and discuss recent research advances in reducing inclusion bodies to increase soluble protein content.
Applications of synthetic biology in drug discovery
Authors: Zhang Xinyi
Published: May 2024

The applications of synthetic biology have expanded rapidly in the past decades, thanks to advances in DNA synthesis, gene sequencing and lower costs, as well as rapid advances in genomics and data science. Synthetic biology can be used to design new biological systems, or redesign existing systems to implement properties and new functions that humans need, for applications as diverse as disease diagnosis, manufacturing, agriculture and medicine. In the pharmaceutical sector, the process of traditional drug discovery is time-consuming, expensive and challenging, with a low success rate. High expectations have been placed on how to apply synthetic biology in drug development to improve the efficiency and success rate of drug development. In this review, the discovery of new natural products, verification of targets, large-scale drug production and the specific application of synthetic biology in the field of drug research and development are discussed, and the application prospects and existing problems of synthetic biology technology in drug research and opening are prospected.
Study on the mechanism of inhibiting proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by Grifola polysaccharide
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Wang Li , Xu Bing , Yan Yilin , Dou Yulin , Yang Yize
Published: May 2024

Objective: To observe the effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFP) on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, expression of cyclin and apoptotic proteins of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells of human, and to explore the mechanism of its inhibition on proliferation of HepG2 cells. Methods: The experiment was divided into PGF/control group. Different concentrations of PGF solution were used to interfere with human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in vitro. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of PGF on the survival of HepG2 cells. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of HepG2 cells induced by PGF were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase3, Cyclin-A1 and Cyclin-B1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the control group, PGF could effectively decreased proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle detection showed that the proportion of S phase in each group was 24.71%, 28.78%, 36.26 and 42.39%, respectively, indicating that cells were blocked in S phase. The immunocytochemical results showed that the expression of Cyclin A1 protein decreased significantly, and the expression of cyclin-B1 was not significantly different before and after treatment. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates in control group and PGF group were 0, 18.0%, 30.5% and 49.5%, respectively. The difference between PGF group and control group was significant. Immunocytochemical results showed that PGF could significantly inhibit the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2, increase the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax in a concentration-dependent manner, and up-regulate the percentage of Bcl-2/Bax to induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion: PGF can inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, blocking cell cycle, inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2, and upregulating the expression of Bax and Caspase3.
Inhibitory mechanism of curcumin on tumor cells
Authors: Huang Yumin
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the effects of Curcumin (Cur) on the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and to explore its mechanism of tumor inhibition. Methods: The experimental design encompassed a control group and a CUR group, with HepG2 cells subjected to varying concentrations of CUR solution in vitro culture. Proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, apoptosis rates, and cell cycle distribution were examined via flow cytometry, and Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein levels were analyzed using Western blot. Migration and invasion capabilities were evaluated using scratch and Transwell assays. Results: A concentration-dependent inhibition of HepG2 cell growth by all CUR concentrations compared to the control group. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased apoptosis rates with rising CUR concentrations, while cell cycle analysis indicated S phase arrest across all groups. Scratch and Transwell assays corroborated a decline in migration and invasion with escalating CUR concentrations. Western blot results illustrated a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and an increase in Bax and Caspase-3 expression compared to the control group. Conclusions: Curcumin emerges as a potent inducer of apoptosis and inhibitor of proliferation in HepG2 cells. Its impact on migration, invasion, and cell division, coupled with the modulation of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 proteins, underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Electrodes for Stable Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring
Authors: Qian Tu , Zhang Yongqi
Published: May 2024

Epidermal electronic components have received much attention for their potential in personal healthcare and human-machine interaction (HMI). However, their low conductivity hinders their practical applications. Here, we developed a multifunctional flexible dry epidermal electrode for biopotential recording using modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) doped with Polyethylene glycol(PEG). PEG was introduced into PEDOT:PSS to enhance its conductivity. We prepared electrodes with a high conductivity of 130 S/cm and 23% tensile strength. The electrodes conform well to the morphology of human skin and therefore form a stable and intimate interface with the skin, resulting in low contact impedance between the electrode and the skin and high-quality recording of biopotentials. It is capable of accurately recording electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG) signals.
Practice and Reflection on Non-clinical Safety Evaluation of AAV drugs
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Wang Gengli , Wang Ning , Zhang Qiao , Zhang Sucai
Published: May 2024

Due to the rapid development of biomedical technology, new high-tech therapeutic methods have also developed rapidly, among which gene therapy products as a representative of therapeutic drugs are booming and constantly iterated. In the process of drug development, non-clinical safety evaluation is a crucial part, which can provide preliminary exploration for subsequent clinical trials. In the past few years, there has been a significant rise in the FDA's approval of novel gene therapy medications. However, it is important to address certain safety concerns that have emerged during non-clinical trials. This paper mainly discusses the considerations of non-clinical safety evaluation of gene therapy drugs with AAV as an example and the concerns of AAV drugs in non-clinical evaluation.
Research status of traditional Chinese medicine and physiotherapy for lumbodorsal myofascitis in badminton
Authors: Xu Rongchang
Published: May 2024

lumbodorsal myofasciitis is a common injury in badminton and a common disease in clinical practice. Clinically, acupuncture, cupping, massage, extracorporeal shock wave and other methods are usually used. This paper summarizes and classifies the commonly used treatment methods in the clinic, which are mainly divided into traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined treatment methods, Chinese medicine treatment combined physical therapy methods and physical combined therapy. In the clinic, TCM combined treatment methods and TCM combined physical therapy methods are mainly used, and TCM combined physical therapy methods should be the main research direction in the future. There are many therapeutic methods, but the efficacy of combining multiple therapeutic methods is better than that of single method. This study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for subsequent research and clinical treatment.
Une thérapie génique systémique dans le traitement de la mucoviscidose
Authors: Boillot Léa , Costes Floriane
Published: May 2024

Le master I2VB se propose de donner les bases conceptuelles et pratiques des différents aspects de l’infectiologie. Il s’appuie sur une coopération exemplaire entre les équipes de recherche en infectiologie et en immunologie de l’Université de Tours, et celles, entre autres, de l’Unité Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) du Centre INRAE de Tours-Nouzilly, concrétisée par une profonde interaction entre chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs.

Cette formation aborde aussi bien les aspects fondamentaux et appliqués de l’infectiologie et de l’immunologie allant de l’étude moléculaire des interactions entre le pathogène et son hôte, jusqu’à la conception et la mise sur le marché des produits de la vaccinologie, des biothérapies anti-infectieuses et des anticorps immuno-thérapeutiques.

Le master I2VB (niveau M1) donne lieu aux parcours ICM, I&B et AcT (niveau M2).

L’option Infectiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (ICM) (responsables : Françoise Debierre-Grockiego et Martine Braibant) a pour objectifs de :

former des scientifiques dotés d’une culture générale et technique spécialisée dans les biotechnologies, l’infectiologie, les interactions hôte-pathogène et les mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire anti-infectieuse, contribuant à l’avancée des connaissances scientifiques et à ses applications industrielles, demandes sociétales en forte progression.

former des pharmaciens, médecins, vétérinaires, ingénieurs agronomes aux enjeux actuels de l’infectiologie à la fois dans les domaines fondamentaux et appliqués.

L’option Immunité et biomédicaments (I&B) (responsables : Anne di Tommaso et Isabelle Dimier-Poisson) a pour objectifs de :

former des scientifiques dotés d’une culture générale et technique spécialisée dans les biotechnologies, l’infectiologie, la vaccinologie, les biomédicaments et les biothérapies anti-infectieuses contribuant à l’avancée des connaissances scientifiques et à ses applications industrielles, demandes sociétales en forte progression.

former de jeunes scientifiques, pharmaciens, médecins, vétérinaires, ingénieurs agronomes aux enjeux actuels de l’infectiologie et des biomédicaments à la fois dans les domaines fondamentaux et appliqués.

L’option Anticorps thérapeutiques (AcT) (responsables : Laurie Lajoie et Isabelle Dimier-Poisson) a pour objectifs de :

former des scientifiques dotés d’une culture générale et technique spécialisée dans les biotechnologies, l’immunologie, la cancérologie et les biomédicaments dont les anticorps thérapeutiques, contribuant à l’avancée des connaissances scientifiques et à ses application industrielles et juridiques, demandes sociétales en forte progression.

former de jeunes scientifiques, pharmaciens, médecins, vétérinaires, ingénieurs agronomes aux enjeux actuels de l’infectiologie et des biomédicaments à la fois dans les domaines fondamentaux et appliqués.
Auswirkung von Künstlicher Intelligenz auf den Beruf der
MTR
Authors: Quinsten Anton S. , Heße Dominik
Published: May 2024

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI)
auf den Beruf der Medizinischen Technologinnen und Technologen für Radiologie
(MTR). Die KI könnte entlang des Patientenbehandlungspfades in sämtlichen
Bereichen der Radiologie MTR unterstützen und entlasten. Durch KI könnte sich
der MTR-Beruf in Tätigkeitsbereiche unterteilen, die sich in patientennahe und
patientenferne Tätigkeiten gliedern. In Zukunft könnten MTR, die Expertise im
Bereich von KI besitzen, supervisorische Tätigkeiten ausführen, während MTR, die
sich nicht mit KI beschäftigen, patientennahe Tätigkeiten wie die Betreuung und
Lagerung von Patienten durchführen. Es ist absehbar, dass KI in naher Zukunft
einige Aufgaben der MTR übernehmen wird und in ferner Zukunft autonom
Untersuchungen durchführen wird. Um den Beruf des MTR zukunftsfähig zu
gestalten, sollten MTR eine Strategie entwickeln und aktiv an der Entwicklung
mitwirken.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Gene Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Wu Kexin , Ren Fang , Zhou Lu , Xing Yangchen , Zhang Qianyu , Chen Huali
Published: May 2024

The gene delivery systems (GDS) for lung cancer (LC) has made significant progress over the past 12 years, yet, there is a great challenge in its clinical application due to low delivery efficiency. This study aims to explore research fields related to gene therapy for LC and predict future directions from a bibliometric perspective. The Web of Science Core Collection collects articles and reviews on GDS for LC published from 2010 to 2022. Comprehensive bibliometric and visual analyses were performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R-Bibliometrix, and Microsoft Excel. The analysis showed that the number of publications on GDS for LC has been increasing over the past 12 years, highlighting the growing interest and research efforts in this area. A rigorous examination of keywords and research hotspots revealed that the themes such as “complex,” “transfection,” “RNA interference,” “extracellular vesicle,” “co-deliver,” “resistance,” etc. dominate the field of GDS for LC. These findings indicated that the research in GDS for LC is evolving, with a noticeable shift toward addressing challenges related to delivery efficiency, transfection methods, and overcoming resistance mechanisms in gene therapy. The comprehensive study provides an overview of the literature on GDS for LC and identifies areas that require further exploration and development. By highlighting emerging research hotspots, our bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights to scholars and researchers, aiding in the identification of gaps, and guiding future efforts toward the development of GDS with more efficiency for LC therapy.
Micro-pixelated halide perovskite photodiodes fabricated with ultraviolet laser scribing
Authors: Morozov A. P. , Gostishchev P. A. , Zharkova A. , Vasilev A. A. , Aleksandrov A. E. , Luchnikov L. O. , Tameev A. R. , Kiselev D. A. , Ilina T. S. , Ishteev A. R. , Didenko S. I. , Saranin D. S.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a complex investigation for miniaturizing perovskite photodiodes (PPDs) in various geometries with the use of ultraviolet laser scribing (UV-LS). Employing a 355 nm (3.5 eV) pulsed laser at 30 kHz, we manufactured PPDs with pixel configurations of 70 × 130, 520 × 580, and 2000 × 2000 μm2. The utilization of UV-LS has a proven efficiency in achieving relevant diode characteristics, such as low dark currents and high shunt resistance, as well as ultrafast response. The multi-step scribing cycle provided precise patterning of PPDs in a string design. The dark current densities demonstrated exceptional uniformity, ranging from 10−10 A/cm2 for 2000 × 2000 μm2 pixelated PPDs to 10−9 A/cm2 for the 70 × 130 μm2 configuration. The string PPDs, consisting of 10 pixels per string, displayed homogenous dark current values, ensuring effective isolation between devices. Under green light illumination (540 nm), all PPD types exhibited a broad linear dynamic range (LDR). Specifically, LDR values reached 110, 117, and 136 dB for 70 × 130, 520 × 580, and 2000 × 2000 devices, respectively, spanning an illumination intensity range from 2 × 10−3 to 2 mW/cm2. High responsivity values up to 0.38 A/W, depending on the PPDs' geometry, highlight the potential of laser scribing devices for sensing in the visible range. The calculated specific detectivity performance (from 1011 to 1013 Jones) surpasses commercial analogs, while the sub-microsecond response of 70 × 130 and 520 × 580 μm2 miniaturized devices underscores their suitability for precise time resolution detection systems.
Multiplet cascade in a semiconductor laser with optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Islam Md Shariful , Kovalev A. V. , Danilenko G. O. , Viktorov E. A. , Citrin D. S. , Locquet A.
Published: May 2024

We report experimentally and theoretically a dynamical scenario involving the formation of pulse multiplet structures, i.e., configurations of two, three, and more pulses per round trip, in a semiconductor laser with positive optoelectronic feedback. The delayed feedback loop includes a cascade of two band-limited amplifiers with nonlinear saturation of sigmoid type. The multiplets appear subcritically in the vicinity of the lasing threshold, resembling gain-switched operation, and evolve with the injection current.
The humorous effect of routine formulas in Spanish and English televised monologues
Authors: Mir Montserrat , Laskurain-Ibarluzea Patxi
Published: May 2024

The present comparative study investigates the use of multi-word expressions known as ‘routine formulas’ in the
humorous monologues of four comedians from four different late-night TV shows in Spain and the United States. The study is framed
in the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) and linguistic phraseology. The study of routine formulas is intriguing due to their
overlooked status in discussions, despite their simple semantics. Yet, they play various pragmatic roles, particularly in humor
creation and comprehension, which is the primary focus here. The study aims to achieve two objectives: first, to identify the
routine formulas present in both Spanish and English and assess their frequency in monologue delivery, and second, to examine how
these formulas contribute to humor within the monologues.
Plasmonic-photonic crystal hybrid devices for optical characterization
Authors: Zhang Taiping , Wang Yanxun , Hua Qilin
Published: May 2024

Plasmonic-photonic crystal (PhC) hybrid devices combine the localize enhancement property of plasmonic devices and high quality factor of PhC structures, play key roles in enhancing light–matter interaction, and display impressive properties in optical characterization area. In this review, we summarize the optical property and application of the hybrid photonic-plasmonic system, from theoretical calculation to optical characterization. This review can bring comprehensive physical insights of the hybrid system, and reveal that the hybrid system is a good platform for optical characterization.
Deciphering the Nd3+ environment and energy-transfer mechanisms in thermally stable novel calcium aluminate glasses: elucidation of broadband high-gain performance for laser applications
Authors: Chakraborty Saswata , Khan Sultan , Balaji Sathravada , Biswas Kaushik , Annapurna Kalyandurg
Published: May 2024

Rare-earth-doped barium calcium aluminate (BCA) glasses, having extended infrared (IR) transmission (6 μm), are attractive materials for near IR (NIR) photonic applications. Nd2O3-doped BCA glasses display broadband emission at 1.07 µm, but they are limited, with poor glass-forming ability (GFA) and low emission cross sections. In the present study, four different barium zinc calcium aluminate (BZCA) glasses are synthesized with varied ZnO concentrations (from 9.5 to 24.5 mol%) and doped with 0.5 mol% Nd2O3 to decipher the effect on GFA and spectroscopic properties. The addition of ZnO enhances the GFA, and the NdBZCA20 glass shows the maximum GFA. Ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis)–NIR absorption spectra reveal a decreasing trend in the nephelauxetic effect, while J–O parameters, emission, and gain properties lead to no significant alteration with increasing ZnO, and the structure–properties correlation is established accordingly. However, the emission cross sections for all ZnO concentrations are found ∼4.5 × 10−20 cm2 accompanied by broadband emission (Δλ
eff ∼ 40 nm), which ensures the potentiality of these glasses for low-threshold high-gain laser applications as well as ultrashort pulse laser applications. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of 1.06 µm emission as a function of Nd concentration in the BZCA20 glass is reported here. The emission spectra and decay time indicate that 0.5 mol% is the optimized doping concentration. Inokuti–Hirayama and Burshtein equations are adopted to study the decay kinetics and energy-transfer mechanisms, which confirm that the energy-transfer process due to cross-relaxation is dominant up to 0.5 mol% concentration, whereas, beyond that concentration, excitation energy migration via the hopping mechanism supersedes.
Response reconstruction based on substructural condensation and modal-group superposition
Authors: Lu Xuandong , Zou Yunfeng , He Xuhui , Yang Jinsong , Cai Chenzhi
Published: May 2024

Increasingly complex civil structures result in an enormous consumption of computational resources in response reconstruction. Moreover, common closely spaced modes (CSMs) also impair reconstruction performance. This study proposed an improved approach that incorporated substructural condensation and modal-group superposition. This method efficiently extrapolated the desired response by dividing the entire finite element model into multiple manageable substructures, which were then condensed and assembled into a super-element model with fewer degrees of freedom (DOFs). The reconstruction response was directly performed on the condensed model by selectively retaining the physically measured DOFs during the condensation process. To address the challenges posed by CSMs, defined modal group responses (MGRs) were extracted from dynamic measurements using empirical mode decomposition. Based on these results, the corresponding MGRs at inaccessible locations were extrapolated using a condensed model. Finally, all the MGRs are superposed to form the desired response. Numerical and experimental tests were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach. The effects of substructural division, measurement noise, and measurement locations on the reconstruction were studied in detail.
A high-performance, sensitive, low-cost LIG/PDMS strain sensor for impact damage monitoring and localization in composite structures
Authors: Lu Haojie , Feng Yuanyuan , Wang Shuo , Liu Jianbang , Han Quanjiabao , Meng Qingshi
Published: May 2024

Health monitoring of composite structures in aircraft is critical, as these structures are commonly utilized in weight-sensitive areas and innovative designs that directly impact flight safety and reliability. Traditional monitoring methods have limitations in monitoring area, strain limit, and signal processing. In this paper, a multifunctional sensor has been developed using acid-treated laser-induced graphene (A-LIG) with a multi-layer three-dimensional conductive network. Compared to untreated laser-induced graphene, the sensitivity of A-LIG sensor is increased by 100%. Furthermore, PDMS is used to fill the pores, which improves the fatigue performance of the A-LIG sensor. To obtain clear monitoring results, a data conversion algorithm is provided to convert the electrical signal obtained by the sensor into a strain field contour cloud map. The impact test of the A-LIG/PDMS sensor on the carbon fiber panel of the aircraft wing box segment verifies the effectiveness of its strain sensing. This work introduces a novel approach to fabricating flexible sensors with improved sensitivity, extended strain range, and cost-effectiveness. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor, GF ≈ 387), is low hysteresis (∼53 ms), and has a wide working range (up to 47%), and a highly stable and reproducible response over multiple test cycles (>18 000) with good switching response. It presents a promising and innovative direction for utilizing flexible sensors in the field of aircraft structural health monitoring.
The use of embodiment to teach updated models of matter components and interactions in secondary school
Authors: Tuzón Paula , Solbes Jordi
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present an investigation of how modeling with embodiment can help to learn about natural phenomena that are far from the human eye. In particular, we analyze this tool to study updated models of matter components and their interactions (particle physics) in high school. We perform a qualitative analysis where we describe the methodological procedure in detail. 71 students are evaluated according to two factors: first, if they are able to build the final scientific model. Second, their degree of autonomy in this process. We also cross-check the qualitative results with a quantitative pre-post analysis, using a test about the general knowledge of particle physics, from classical models to the new models. The results are positive in both the qualitative and the quantitative analysis.
Plasma potential and ion energy characteristics in BP-HiPIMS discharge with double layer
Authors: Luo Yang , Han Mingyue , Li Duoduo , Tang Ling , Li Hua , Li Liuhe , Wang Weizong , Deng Dachen , Gu Jiabin , Li Guodong
Published: May 2024

As an emerging ion acceleration plasma source, the bipolar-pulse high power impulse magnetron sputtering (BP-HiPIMS) discharge has been widely studied by academia and industry due to its ability to adjust the ion kinetic energy. Formation of the double layer (DL) potential structure during the BP-HiPIMS positive pulse is vital for accelerating ions, but its structural characteristics are still unclear. In this work, to understand the DL characteristics affected by various discharge parameters, the evolution of plasma potential V
p and ion energy in BP-HiPIMS discharge with copper target has been investigated systematically using an emissive probe and mass spectrometer together. Spatial plasma potential measurements show that the DL is established in front of the target during the positive pulse, whose boundary potential drop U
DL to accelerate ions can be increased to ∼60 V at a lower operating gas pressure (p= 0.6 Pa) and a higher applied positive pulse voltage (U
+ = 200 V). The ignition onset time of DL after applying the positive pulse can be shortened to ∼25 μs by decreasing the gas pressure and increasing the positive pulse voltage or negative pulse duration. After DL ignition, a group of high-energy copper ions with energy higher than the surrounding plasma potential can be recognized in the ion energy distribution function curves in the downstream plasma. This result illustrates that the copper ions can be ionized in the high-potential plasma region and be accelerated by the DL boundary potential drop. In addition, a global current balance model of the DL in BP-HiPIMS is developed, which suggests that the U
DL can be well adjusted by increasing the positive pulse voltage U
+ especially for U
+ > 200 V as verified by the experimental potential measurements. All results suggest that the copper particles play an important role in the formation of DL and the DL plays an important role in accelerating copper ions.
Functional capsule robots: a review of locomotion, pose, medical operation and wireless power transmission reported in 2018–2023
Authors: Hua Dezheng , Deng Lei , Gołdasz Janusz , Liu Xinhua , Du Haiping , Królczyk Grzegorz , Li Weihua , Li Zhixiong
Published: May 2024

As a new type of medical equipment, capsule robots are actuated wirelessly by space magnetic field, which have important application advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Active locomotion is the basis of medical operation for capsule robots, as well as an important guarantee to avoid misdetection and retention in the body. Furthermore, the pose estimation of the capsule robots in the gastrointestinal tract can provide accurate information for medical operation and improve work efficiency. Specific medical operation is one of the ultimate goals of capsule robots, and it is the key to realize the non-invasive diagnosis and treatment technology. Moreover, replacing traditional chemical batteries with wireless power transfer technology not only reduces the dimensions of the capsule robots, but also provides unlimited possibilities for the development of medical operations. In this work, the state-of-the-art capsule robots are reviewed according to the research directions of the locomotion, pose, medical operation and wireless power transmission reported from 2018 to 2023. In light of the four main directions of the capsule robots, some important research achievements and approaches are summarized. In particular, some outstanding advances on innovative structure, efficient methodology and appropriate application of the capsule robots are introduced in details. Finally, an overview of the significant issues occurred in the capsule robots is reported, and the developing trends are discussed.
Study on heat and mass transfer characteristics of porous media with different pore structures under continuous wave laser irradiation
Authors: Han Shaohui , Dong Yuan , Jin Guangyong
Published: May 2024

The pore structure determined by porosity and particle size will directly affect the remediation efficiency of thermal treatment on contaminated soil. To investigate the remediation capability of continuous wave laser soil remediation technology on soils with different pore structures, this paper establishes a heat and mass transfer model within unsaturated porous media under laser irradiation. Four pore structures were simulated, and the model’s reliability was experimentally validated. Under laser irradiation, energy exchange between the solid and gas phases has a minimal effect on the solid phase temperature. The temperature distribution of the solid phase in the four samples is similar, with the differences primarily arising from moisture content. Interface energy exchange dominated the rise in the temperature of the gas. The intrinsic Nusselt numbers for the four samples were 3.5, 4.4, 4.9, and 6.2, respectively. Laser irradiation causes the Nusselt number to decrease over time, but the relative magnitudes of the Nusselt numbers for the four samples remain unchanged. From the perspective of solid phase temperature, the capability of laser remediation for soils with different pore structures is similar. From the standpoint of gas temperature, the Nusselt number is decisive. However, considering the complex coupling relationship between gas temperature rise and Darcy velocity and evaporation rate, the influence of water saturation and intrinsic permeability cannot be ignored. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis and analytical methods for the efficient laser remediation of soils with different pore structures.
Thermoluminescence dose response and kinetic parameters of Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Isik M , Yildirim T , Guner M , Gasanly N M
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of undoped and gadolinium (Gd)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel method. The crystal structure of both synthesized nanoparticles was determined as hexagonal from x-ray diffraction pattern. The TL curve of undoped ZnO nanoparticles reveals two distinct peaks at 400.5 and 479.2 K, each associated with trap centers featuring activation energies of 0.84 and 1.05 eV. TL curve of the Gd:ZnO introduced three peaks associated with trap centers at 1.10, 1.18, and 1.25 eV. Notably, the absence of the 0.84 eV trap center in Gd-doped ZnO implies a modification in the defect structure. Considering the effect of Gd-doping on the band structure and potential minor errors in the analysis results, it was stated that the traps at 1.05 and 1.10 eV levels belonged to the same defect center. Dose-dependent investigations for undoped and Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles reveal linear behaviors in the TL response, highlighting their potential for dosimetric applications. Photoluminescence spectra of both compounds exhibited emission peaks around 455 and 577 nm, which were associated with native defect centers.