bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Collective Teacher Efficacy Behaviours Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: KAPAT Seyfettin , ŞAHİN Sevilay , KARA Mevlüt
Published: January 2022

The concept of collective efficacy that can be defined as “a belief in their common ability to organize and realize plans to achieve goals” (Bandura, 1997, p. 477) has gained utmost importance in educational contexts. Therefore, there arises an emergent need to develop scales to evaluate teachers’ collective efficacy behaviours. To this end, the present study aimed to develop an instrument to assess collective teacher efficacy behaviours. For this purpose in mind, an item pool was created in line with the related literature and face-to-face interviews with teachers. Two participating groups were included in the study. There was a total of 833 participants, 475 of which were in the first group and 358 in the second group. The preliminary version of The Collective Teacher Efficacy Behaviours Scale (CTEBS), consisted of 26 items. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed to test the construct validity of the scale with the available datasets. As a result of the EFA, a two-factored structure, namely social and professional relationship and professional development, was identified with 20 items. The two factors explained 58.798% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of the structure based on the EFA results. It was found that the CFA fit indices were χ2/df=3.174, RMSEA=.076, SRMR=.435, NFI=.902, CFI=.930, IFI=.931, and GFI=.872. The results implied that The Collective Teacher Efficacy Behaviours Scale, consisting of two dimensions and 20 items, was a valid and reliable instrument.
Biti plesni pedagog
Authors: Luketić Daliborka , Kustura Nataša
Published: January 2022

Na tragu pitanja o tome što znači biti plesni pedagog, cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati neke odrednice profesije plesnog pedagoga te prikazati način na koji plesni pedagozi progovaraju o onom ‘pedagoškom’ u svojoj profesiji. Primjenom kvalitativnog istraživanja te metodom dubinskog intervjua s plesnim pedagozima koji djeluju u različitim područjima odgojno-obrazovnog i umjetničkog rada, nastojalo se je opisati i analizirati područje njihova rada, odgojnog djelovanja te odgojne vrijednosti koje oni u svome radu afirmiraju. Temeljem kvalitativne analize podataka i primjenom interpretativne fenomenološke analize u bogatom empirijskom narativu identificirano je pet tema: (1) poimanje plesa kao dimenzije umjetničkog i odgojnog djelovanja, (2) odrednice pedagoškog rada, (3) značenje pedagoške uloge, (4) transformacija umjetničke prakse u pedagošku praksu i (5) posebnost odgojno-obrazovne metode. Rezultati istraživanja govore o tome kako plesni pedagozi doživljavaju i tumače svoj pedagoški rad – prije svega kao odgojni rad u
kojemu se događa spoj umjetnosti i pedagogije pri čemu je naglašeno njihovo pedagoško umijeće kao neraskidivi dio profesionalnog habitusa plesnog pedagoga.
Mora li identitet biti nužan?
Authors: Jurjako Marko , Brzović Zdenka
Published: January 2022

U radu se nudi opis konteksta unutar kojeg je formuliran poznati dokaz za nužnost identiteta. Iznosi se formalni prikaz ovog dokaza kako ga je formulirao poznati filozof i logičar Saul Kripke. Također se razmatra gledište filozofa Allana Gibbarda koji nasuprot Kripkeu brani tvrdnju da
neki iskazi identiteta mogu biti kontingentni. Osnovni cilj rada je upoznati domaćeg čitatelja s formalnim aspektom rasprave o nužnosti identiteta te dati kratki pregled konteksta unutar kojeg su formulirani argumenti za (ne)nužnost identiteta.
Nužnost uvođenja sadržaja etičkoga obrazovanja u nastavu
Authors: Donev Dejan
Published: January 2022

Etičko obrazovanje, kao vrsta filozofskog obrazovanja, danas postaje sve
aktualnije. Nastava filozofije nije samo razvoj duha nego i put ka samosvijesti i svijesti o ljudskoj dužnosti. Etičke spoznaje i osjećaji osnova su za ljudski, moralni i intelektualni razvoj ličnosti. Mlada ličnost se u susretu s etičkom problematikom i sadržajima uklapa u realnost svijeta kao ljudsko djelo. Kroz etiku ona uspijeva spoznati da je ličnost kontinuitet, ali i progres; da je ličnost dio svoje male zajednice, ali i sastavnica cjeline svijeta. Etičko obrazovanje zanima se za to kako čovjek postaje etička ličnost, jedinka koja slobodno sudi,
gradi i razvija moral; što je sadržaj moralne izgradnje ličnosti te koji su stadiji kroz koje ličnost prolazi na tom složenom putu samoizgradnje, od nesvjesnog bića ka biću koje svjesno gradi dobar svijet, ispravne etičke vrijednosti i moralne principe. Dakle, zadatak nije samo stvaranje moralne ličnosti kao jedinke koja »provodi« moral nego je zadatak stvoriti i etički subjekt, tj. ličnost koja slobodno i odgovorno razmišlja i sudi, koja gradi i razvija moral te nove moralne norme. Iz tog je razloga nužno uvođenje kolegija etičkoga obrazovanja u nastavu na sve tri obrazovne razine.
Cristo dorme no fundo da barca?
Authors: Di Fiore André Gustavo , De Souza Ney
Published: January 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 transformou realidades e exigiu comportamentos sociais jamais experienciados que, na dimensão eclesial, vêm revelando compreensões e posturas inadequadas à mistagogia evangélica, mas que também podem provocar um discipulado missionário ad extra, na concepção de Igreja Povo de Deus. Portanto, o presente artigo objetivou, a partir de uma hermenêutica de Mc 4,35-41, refletir sobre o protagonismo laical em tempos de pandemia, sua autocompreensão eclesial e seu posicionamento diante da crise sanitária. Para tanto, estruturou-se em três pontos: teceu uma compreensão da perícope marcana à luz da pandemia; refletiu sobre a postura do laicato em meio a crise sanitária e, por fim, teceu pistas para um agir missionário coerente ao discipulado, concluindo que mesmo em meio a posturas inadequadas o laicato é fortemente chamado ao protagonismo eclesial contribuindo para a superação da crise sanitária provocada pelo novo coronavírus.
The general resurrection of the dead in the synoptic gospels
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Carlos
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the idea of general resurrection of the dead at the end of times in the synoptic Gospels. We intend to clarify whether this concept can be interpreted as a transposition of the parallel belief contained in some intertestamental writings, or if the singularity of the religious experience expressed in the synoptic Gospels establishes an inexorable moment of discontinuity with the previous apocalyptic framework, making it impossible to understand this doctrine on the sole basis of its Jewish precedents. In order to accomplish our goal, we shall first study the general resurrection of the dead in the Q source, the references to this notion in the gospel of Mark, and its meaning in both Matthew and Luke. We will exclude from our treatment all the topics related with the resurrection of Jesus, and we will be focused on the explicit mentions of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead as such. Since implicit beliefs are always difficult to assess, especially in the context of eschatological ideas, in which vagueness and absence of a systematic effort of exposition often prevail, we will not allude to other synoptic passages which have been regarded as potential expressions of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead at the end of times.
La Revelación y su relación con Cristo y la Trinidad según el planteo fenomenológico de Jean-Luc Marion en Givenness & Revelation
Authors: Roldán Alberto F.
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo el autor expone el tema de la Revelación y su relación con Cristo y la Trinidad en la perspectiva fenomenológica de Jean-Luc Marion. El centro de su análisis radica en la obra del filósofo francés Givenness & Revelation. En cuanto al enfoque cristológico, Marion enfatiza a Cristo como ícono de Dios y, a partir de una exégesis fenomenológica de 1 Corintios 2, invita a una radical anamorfosis que permita contemplar a Cristo como centro de la sabiduría de Dios. En cuanto a la Trinidad, destaca los aportes de Karl Rahner y Karl Barth, profundizando en los padres capadocios y San Agustín, para enfatizar la función del Espíritu en el despliegue trinitario de Dios.
State of art bio-materials as scale inhibitors in recirculating cooling water system: a review article
Authors: Hu Yanglin , Chen Chuanmin , Liu Songtao
Published: January 2022

During the operation of the circulating cooling water system, inorganic scale deposition may cause technical problems, such as reduction of heat transfer efficiency in cooling systems and obstruction of pipes. In the industry, chemicals are often used as scale inhibitors in scale deposition control, antiscalants popular in industry are generally phosphorus and nitrogen-containing chemicals, which may lead to eutrophication. However, increasing environmental concern and discharge limitations have guided antiscalants to move toward biodegradability, nontoxicity and cost–effectiveness. This paper reviews current research on the application of using bio-materials as scale inhibitors, including proteins and amino acids, polysaccharides, plant extracts, microbial reagents, and microbiological products. The non-bioaccumulation, low cost, readily biodegradability and sustainably available characters promote the development of green-scale inhibitor chemistry.
Doğaya Yönelik Olarak Gelişen Arazi Sanatının Sanatçılar Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Yayan Gonca , Hacısüleymanoğlu Dajana Sevil
Published: January 2022

Geçmişte doğa ile barışık yaşamayı öğrenen insanoğlu, günümüzde şehirleşmeyle birlikte doğadan uzaklaşmıştır. Bugün yaşadığımız dünyada, nüfusun hızlı artışı yanında sanayileşme ve modernleşme de doğanın kutsal sayıldığı ve korunduğu bu sürece büyük zararlar vermektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak yaşanılan bu olumsuz gelişmeler, insanoğlunun doğaya olan bakış açısını da değişime uğratmıştır. Doğa aslında ilkel toplumlardan bugüne kadar sanatın daima temel kaynağını teşkil etmiştir. Sanatçılarda toplumlardaki gelişim süreçlerine bağlı olarak doğaya olan bakışlarına farklılıklar kazandırmışlardır. Modern çağ öncesindeki dönemlerde doğanın güzelliği ile ilgilenen pek çok sanatçı, günümüzde ise doğanın sömürülmesine dikkat çekmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu sanatçılar, eserleriyle yaşadıkları toplumlarda bir bilinç kazandırma rolünü de üstlenmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla teknolojik gelişmelerin sebep olduğu pek çok organik yıkımın hızlandığı günümüzde doğanın önemine vurgu yapan sanatsal hareketlerde de artışlar söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada doğanın sanat ile olan ilişkisi ve sanatçıların doğa duyarlılığı için ürettikleri eserler incelenirken nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan eser analizi ve literatür taraması yöntemlerinden faydalanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Amaç ise sanatçıların doğayı konu aldığı çalışmalar ele alınarak, kaybedilen değer ve bilincin hatırlatılması olmuştur.
Natural Products Against COVID-19 Inflammation: A Mini-Review
Authors: Scotti Luciana , Lopes Simone Mendes , de Medeiros Herbert Igor Rodrigues , Scotti Marcus Tullius
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a virus whose genetic
material is positive single-stranded RNA, being responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19), an infection that compromises the lungs and consequently the respiratory capacity of the infected
individual, according to the WHO in November 2021, 249,743,428 cases were confirmed, of
which 5,047,652 individuals died due to complications resulting from the infection caused by SARSCOV-
2. As the infection progresses, the individual may experience loss of smell and taste, as well as
breathing difficulties, severe respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Due to this new
epidemiological agent in March 2020 it was announced by the director general of the World Health
Organization (WHO) a pandemic status, and with that, many research groups are looking for new therapeutic
alternatives through synthetic and natural bioactives. This research is a literature review of some
in silico studies involving natural products against COVID-19 inflammation published in 2020 and
2021. Work like this presents relevant information to the scientific community, boosting future research
and encouraging the use of natural products for the search for new antivirals against COVID-19.
GAAP: A GUI-based Genome Assembly and Annotation Package
Authors: Singla Deepak , Yadav Inderjit Singh
Published: January 2022

Background:

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being continuously
used for high-throughput sequencing data generation that requires easy-to-use GUI-based data analysis
software. These kinds of software could be used in-parallel with sequencing for the automatic
data analysis. At present, very few software are available for use and most of them are commercial,
thus creating a gap between data generation and data analysis.

Method:

GAAP is developed on the NodeJS platform that uses HTML, JavaScript as the front-
end for communication with users. We have implemented FastQC and trimmomatic tool for quality
checking and control. Velvet and Prodigal are integrated for genome assembly and gene prediction.
The annotation will be done with the help of remote NCBI Blast and IPR-Scan. In the backend,
we have used PERL and JavaScript for the processing of data. To evaluate the performance of
GAAP, we have assembled a viral (SRR11621811), bacterial (SRR17153353) and human genome
(SRR16845439).

Result:

We have used GAAP software to assemble, and annotate a COVID-19 genome on a desktop
computer that resulted in a single contig of 27994bp with 99.57% reference genome coverage.
This assembly predicted 11 genes, of which 10 were annotated using annotation module of GAAP.
We have also assembled a bacterial and human genome 138 and 194281 contigs with N50 value
100399 and 610, respectively.

Conclusion:

In this study, we have developed freely available, platform-independent genome assembly
and annotation (GAAP) software (www.deepaklab.com/gaap). The software itself acts as a
complete data analysis package with quality check, quality control, de-novo genome assembly,
gene prediction and annotation (Blast, PFAM, GO-Term, pathway and enzyme mapping) modules.
Interleukin Receptor Antagonists and Janus Kinase Inhibitors Repurposed
for Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Tandon Runjhun , Paul Kamaldeep , Tandon Nitin , Luxami Vijay
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most contagious among the three coronavirus infections the
world has witnessed to date, which has affected almost all parts of the world in millions of population
since its outbreak in China in December 2019. Moreover, it has severely hit the world economy and
therefore there is a dire need to develop the treatment of this deadly disease. A number of potential
vaccines are in the early or advanced stage of clinical trials. But the development of a vaccine is a
very tedious and time-consuming task. Therefore, various groups are working on repurposing of drugs
with already known safety and efficacy profiles to shorten the time of development of the potential
treatment. The main aim of this review article is to summarize the clinical outcomes of Interleukin
receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors based drugs which have been repurposed for the
treatment of COVID-19 associated with SARS-CoV-2.
(Pro)renin Receptor and Blood Pressure Regulation: A Focus on the Central
Nervous System
Authors: Earley Yumei Feng , Souza Lucas A.C.
Published: January 2022

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically described as a hormonal system in
which angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the main active peptides. The action of circulating Ang II
on its cognate Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) in circumventricular organs has important roles in regulating
the autonomic nervous system, blood pressure (BP) and body fluid homeostasis, and has
more recently been implicated in cardiovascular metabolism. The presence of a local or tissue RAS
in various tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), is well established. However, because
the level of renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the systemic RAS, is very low in the brain,
how endogenous angiotensin peptides are generated in the CNS—the focus of this review—has
been the subject of considerable debate. Notable in this context is the identification of the
(pro)renin receptor (PRR) as a key component of the brain RAS in the production of Ang II in the
CNS. In this review, we highlight cellular and anatomical locations of the PRR in the CNS. We also
summarize studies using gain- and loss-of function approaches to elucidate the functional importance
of brain PRR-mediated Ang II formation and brain RAS activation, as well as PRR-mediated
Ang II-independent signaling pathways, in regulating BP. We further discuss recent developments
in PRR involvement in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and present perspectives for future directions.
One-Pot Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxodecahydroacridines using Ag-TiO2 Nanocomposite as a Mild and Heterogeneous Catalytic System
Authors: Masoudi Ali Akbar , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad , Khaksar Samad
Published: January 2022

Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite is reported to be an efficient, active, and benign recyclable catalyst for highly efficient synthesis of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives from dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and several anilines or ammonium acetate in ethanol as a solvent at room temperature in a short reaction time and suitable yield. This catalyst is effortlessly recycled by simple filtration and can be reused up to five times with only a negligible loss in its catalytic effectiveness. Low catalyst loading, cost-effectively mild conditions, non-chromatographic purification of target compounds, excellent atom economy, informal procedure, use of a cheaply accessible nanocomposite catalyst, and recyclability of the catalyst are all significant benefits of this method. AFM analysis is performed to confirm the structure, topography, and morphology of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite. 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives having natural significance possess a wide range of pharmacological activities; for instance, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, and mutagenic properties. In terms of the distinctions between aldehydes and anilines, this approach offers a wide range of applications.
L-Proline Nitrate: An Efficient Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Catalyzed
Synthesis of 5-aryl-[1, 2, 4]-triazolidine-3-thiones
Authors: Sonawane Suraj A. , Pore Dattaprasad M.
Published: January 2022

An environmentally benign, simple, rapid synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thiones at
room temperature is reported using amino acid-derived Brønsted acidic ionic liquid L-proline nitrate
[Pro+NO3
-] from aldehyde and thiosemicarbazide in an aqueous medium. A cost-effective and
energy-efficient catalyst with the reusability of up to five cycles without significant loss in the catalytic
activity makes this protocol superior. A faster reaction and easy work-up with excellent yields
are the added advantages of this protocol.
Revisiting the Synthesis of Betti Bases: Facile, One-pot, and Efficient Synthesis of Betti
Bases Promoted by FeCl3•6H2O
Authors: Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Iftikhar Ramsha , Ahmad Sajjad , Haq Atta ul , Naheed Shazia
Published: January 2022

Background:

Betti bases are pharmaceutically and synthetically important scaffolds due to their diverse
range of biological activities and applications in key synthetic transformations in organic synthesis.

Objective:

This work has been sought to contribute to the development, design, and implementation of an improved
green methodology with higher atom economy and lower E-factor values for the synthesis of Betti bases.

Method:

To realize our objectives, we screened out different catalysts and reaction conditions using one-pot multicomponent
modified Mannich reaction/Betti reaction by employing 2-naphthol, benzaldehyde and pyrrolidine as
model substrates.

Results:

The developed methodology afforded functionalized Betti bases in 60-100% yields via FeCl3•6H2O catalyzed
one-pot multi-component Betti reaction under neat conditions at 110 °C (5-15 min) using several aromatic aldehydes
and secondary amines.

Conclusion:

A facile synthetic methodology with higher atom economy and lower E-factor values to synthesize Betti
bases via FeCl3•6H2O catalyzed one-pot multicomponent Betti reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and secondary
amines under neat conditions at 110 °C has been reported. The developed methodology offers various advantages,
such as excellent yields (60-100%), short reaction time (5-15 min), wide substrate scope (12 examples),
green reaction conditions, use of readily available catalyst, and easy purification (without column chromatography).
Obtaining Hexoses from Chitosan through Depolymerization with Nitrous
Acid
Authors: de Souza Éber Eurípedes , Ascêncio Sérgio Donizeti , Montel Adão Lincon Bezerra , Barbosa Robson dos Santos , Soares Ilsamar Mendes , Noseda Miguel Daniel , Souza Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de , Alvim Tarso da Costa
Published: January 2022

Background and objective:

Residues from shrimp farming have a great potential for sugar production and the production of derivatives for the low-carbon chemical industry. Obtain-ment of bioactives from chitosan has been extensively investigated using different methodologies. The purpose of this work was to study the chitosan depolymerization reaction aiming at the produc-tion of monomers without the use of additional enzymes or mineral acids.

Materials and Methods:

In this work, we systematically study the effect of sodium nitrite concen-tration and reaction conditions (pH and temperature ranges) with acetic acid as the solvent on the chitosan depolymerization reaction aiming at the production of monomers, specifically 2,5-anhydromannose, without the use of additional enzymes or mineral acids.

Results:

The results indicate that only a small range of reaction conditions and nitrite concentrations allow for obtaining the monomer, while in most combinations of these parameters, oligomers are obtained. We found that the temperature decisively affects the reaction yield, with the attainment of 2,5-anhydromannose favored at lower temperatures.

Conclusion:

The method proved to be simple and easy to perform allowing to obtain 2,5-anhydromannose with the use of low-cost reagents. This monomer can be converted into several derivatives for industrial application (5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, ethanol, etc.)
Thiamine: A Natural Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
(PPAR-γ) Activator
Authors: Subramani Parasuraman Aiya , Shaik Firdose Begum , Michael R. Dinakaran , Panati Kalpana , Narala Venkata Ramireddy
Published: January 2022

Background:

There has been increasing evidence of the correlation between thiamine deficiency
and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a condition in which an individual’s insulin sensitivity is highly
compromised. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription
factor etiologically relevant to T2D. We hypothesized that thiamine could be a PPAR-γ ligand
and thus activate PPAR-γ and ameliorate T2D.

Objective:

This study aims to establish thiamine as a PPAR-γ ligand via molecular docking and dynamics
simulations (MDS) and thiamine’s ability to induce adipogenesis while upregulating PPAR-γ and AP-2
genes using in vitro assays.

Methods:

Thiamine/PPAR-γ binding was studied using Schrödinger’s Glide. The bound complex was
simulated in the OPLS 2005 force field using Desmond. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated in
the presence of thiamine and rosiglitazone and stained with Oil Red O. Nuclear protein from the differentiated
cells was used to study the binding of the PPAR-γ response element (PPRE) using an ELISA-based
assay. mRNA from differentiated cells was used to study the expression of genes using quantitative RTPCR.

Results:

In silico docking shows that thiamine binds with PPAR-γ. MDS indicate that the interactions
between thiamine and PPAR-γ are stable over a significant period. Thiamine induces the differentiation of
3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhances the PPRE-binding activity of PPAR-γ.
Thiamine treatment significantly increases the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes.

Conclusion:

Our results show that thiamine is a PPAR-γ ligand. Animal studies and clinical trials are
required to corroborate the results obtained.
Simultaneous Bilateral Secondary Pneumothorax Complicating Osteosarcoma:
A Case Report
Authors: Aini Faradila Nur , Marhana Isnin Anang
Published: January 2022

Background:

The incidence of Simultaneous Bilateral Secondary Pneumothorax (SBSP)
occurring as a complication of neoplasm is rare, only <1%. The lungs can be the site for the
spread of metastatic osteosarcoma.

Methods:

We investigated a 16-year-old female who was diagnosed with right distal femur osteosarcoma,
pulmonary metastasis, and a rare SBSP complication. Pneumothorax was observed in
both sites of pulmonary metastases and bronchopleural fistula on contrasting chest computed tomography.

Results:

This pneumothorax is the second one; the previous one was only on one side
before chemotherapy. The patient died 12 months after osteosarcoma was diagnosed and four
months after SBSP occurred. The progression of osteosarcoma lesions was the cause for the death
of the patient. SBSP is the leading cause of severe complications in osteosarcoma.

Conclusion:

The clinician must perform diagnostic strategies for early detection of osteosarcoma
and its proper management, which can reduce a patient’s suffering and impairment of the patient’s
quality of life, thus decreasing morbidity and the risk of mortality.
Sources, Properties, and Pharmacological Effects of Quercetin
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Ankit  , Sharma Akanksha
Published: January 2022

The present review aims to describe an overview of quercetin with its various pharmacological
effects. Quercetin is used as an antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-allergic, and antiproliferative
agent, as described in the manuscript. It is mainly obtained from plant resources, which is
also described in the manuscript. The manuscript also describes different studies related to quercetin,
which shows various pharmacological activities. It is concluded from the study that quercetin
has an efficacious effect on various diseases.
Analysis of the Genotoxic Impurity S-(+)-Epichlorohydrin Contained in
(S)-Oxiracetam using Gas Chromatography
Authors: Li Jinbiao , Li Dandan , Lu Wenjing , Wu Jinhui , Dong Hong
Published: January 2022

Background:

(S)-oxiracetam has shown better efficacy than racemic oxiracetam in the
trial. However, there is no report on the method used to detect the genotoxic impurity of S-(+)-
epichlorohydrin(S-(+)-ECH) that may be contained in (S)-oxiracetam.

Objective:

Here, we have proposed and verified a detailed analysis method for the (S-(+)-ECH)
impurity in (S)-oxiracetam using a gas chromatography(GC) system.

Method:

The chromatography system includes a Supelco DB-624 capillary column. The initial
column temperature was 50°C, kept for 4 minutes, and then increased to 220°C at a rate of
10°C/min for 4 minutes. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. The constant flow rate was 3.8
mL/min, the split ratio was 10:1, the injection port temperature was maintained at 200°C, and a
hydrogen flame ionization detector was used. S-(+)-ECH was analyzed in detail by this analysis
method, and three different batches of samples were measured. The GC system was used for verification.

Results:

The method verification results included the system suitability, specificity, sensitivity,
accuracy, precision, and the good correlation coefficient between peak responses and concentrations
were over 0.990.

Conclusion:

The method proposed in this study is the most detailed GC method currently used
for the analysis of S-(+)-ECH impurities in (S)-oxiracetam. The proposed method has the advantages
of fast, convenience, low cost, etc. It provides a reference method for quality control of
genotoxic impurity of (S)-oxiracetam.
Drug Deliery for Micro-/Nanorobots: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhou Jindun
Published: January 2022

Due to micro-/nanorobots having several propulsion mechanisms, drug delivery through
micro/nanorobots is moving to the forefront of nanomedical research. However, low biocompatibility
and low imaging efficiency have become major obstacles in the further development of micro-
/nanorobots. This article firstly introduces the application of micro-/nanorobots in the field of nanomedicine
in recent years, expresses the importance of micro-/nanorobots in terms of nanomedicine,
and then summarizes and compares several propulsion mechanisms. The improvement and optimization
of the preparation methodologies and structures in terms of micro-/nanorobots are also reviewed.
The imaging effect and biocompatibility of micro-/nanorobots have been improved to the extent that
it is suitable for clinical medicine while ensuring the efficiency of drug delivery. Then, the advantages
of different propulsion mechanisms, imaging effects, and biocompatibility are compared.
The aim of the review is to enable people of various knowledge backgrounds to learn directly and
choose suitable modified methods based on realistic situations. Finally, future development trends
and further prospects of micro-/nanorobots are discussed.
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Isolation Protocol: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rad Maryam Rezai , Atarbashi-Moghadam Fazele , Khodayari Pouya , Sijanivandi Soran
Published: January 2022

Despite the plethora of literature regarding isolation and characterization of periodontal ligament
stem cells (PDLSCs), due to the existence of controversies in the results, in this comprehensive
review, we aimed to summarize and compare the effect of isolation methods on PDLSC properties, including
clonogenicity, viability/proliferation, markers expression, cell morphology, differentiation, and
regeneration. Moreover, the outcomes of included studies, considering various parameters, such as teeth
developmental stages, donor age, periodontal ligament health status, and part of the teeth root from which
PDLSCs were derived, have been systematically discussed. It has been shown that from included studies,
PDLSCs can be isolated from teeth at any developmental stages, health status condition, and donor age.
Furthermore, a non-enzymatic digestion method, named as an explant or outgrowth technique, is a suitable
protocol for PDLSCs isolation.
Immunological and Metabolic Alterations in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Mikhael Mary , Pasha Bilal , Chela Harleen , Tahan Veysel , Daglilar Ebubekir
Published: January 2022

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal malignancies that is encountered. It has a global distribution and affects males and females, and is linked to significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying pathophysiology are multifac-torial and involve the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review article de-scribes the immunological and metabolic changes that occur in malignancy of the esophagus.
Cryptotanshinone Induces Necroptosis Through Ca2+ Release and ROS
Production in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Zhao Wentong , Song Yuanbo , Wang Qin-Qin , Han Shan , Li Xin-Xing , Cui Yushun , Yuan Renyikun , Yang Shilin
Published: January 2022

Background:

Necroptosis is a type of programmed necrosis mediated by receptor-interacting
protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), which is morphologically characterized by enlarged
organelles, ruptured plasma membrane, and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Cryptotanshinone
(CPT), a diterpene quinone compound extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Bunge, has been reported to have significant anticancer activities. However, the detailed mechanism
of CPT has not been clearly illustrated.

Objective:

The present study aimed to explore the cell death type and mechanisms of CPT-induced
in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Methods:

The cytotoxicity of CPT on A549 cells was assessed by MTS assay. Ca2+ release and reactive
oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected by flow cytometry. The changes in mitochondrial
membrane potential (MMP) were observed through JC-1 staining. The expressions of p-
RIP1, p-RIP3, p-MLKL, and MAPKs pathway proteins were analyzed by western blotting analysis.
The efficacy of CPT in vivo was evaluated by the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft mice
model. Blood samples were collected for hematology analysis. ELISA investigated the effects of
CPT on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) determined the tumor
tissues. Proteins' expression of tumor tissues was quantified by western blotting.

Results:

CPT inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner,
which was reversed by Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). In addition, CPT treatment increased the expression
of p-RIP1, p-RIP3, p-MLKL, the release of Ca2+, ROS generation, and the MAPKs pathway
activated in A549 cells. Moreover, animal experiment results showed that intraperitoneal injection
of CPT (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice without affecting
the bodyweight and injuring the organs.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggested that CPT-induced necroptosis via RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling
pathway both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that CPT may be a promising agent in the treatment
of NSCLC.
Moving Towards Dawn: KRas Signaling and Treatment in Pancreatic
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Rajpurohit Tarun
Published: January 2022

“Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)” is robust, nearly clueless, and all-around deadly among all tumors. Below 10 %, the general 5-year endurance period has remained adamantly unaltered in the last 30 years, regardless of enormous clinical and therapeutic endeavors. The yearly number of deaths is more than the number of recently analyzed cases. Not a classic one, but “Carbohydrate Antigen CA19-9” remains the prevailing tool for diagnosis. MicroRNAs and non-invasive techniques are now incorpo-rated for the effective prognosis of PDAC than just CA19-9. Mutated “Rat sarcoma virus Ras” confor-mation “V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KRas” is 95 % accountable for PDAC, and its active (GTP-bound) formation activates signaling cascade comprising “Rapidly accelerated fibro-sarcoma Raf”/“Mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK”/ “Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK” with “Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K”/ “protein kinase B Akt”/ “mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR” pathways. KRas has acquired the label of ‘undruggable’ since the crosstalk in the nexus of path-ways compensates for Raf and PI3K signaling cascade blocking. It is arduous to totally regulate KRas-coordinated PDAC with traditional medicaments like “gemcitabine GEM” plus nab-paclitaxel/FOLFIRINOX. For long-haul accomplishments aiming at KRas, future endeavors should be directed to combinatorial methodologies to adequately block KRas pathways at different standpoints. Currently they are contributing to healing PDAC. In this review article, we outline the function of KRas in carcinogenesis in PDAC, its signaling cascade, former techniques utilized in hindering Kras, current and future possibilities for targeting Kras.
A Survey on Architecture, Applications, and Challenges in Vehicular Fog
Computing
Authors: Binwal Deep Chandra , Kapoor Monit
Published: January 2022

Connected vehicles are making intelligent transportation system (ITS) a reality, and because
of the increase in the onboard computing capability of vehicles, demand for new applications is
growing. Vehicular fog computing (VFC) represents a collaborative multitude of onboard vehicular
resources to augment the capacity of fog computing. It is an important concept to address numerous
issues related to fog computing like, high installation cost, sub-optimal utilization of resources, and
developing many novel applications, etc. Vehicular fog computing research has witnessed different
architectural, applications, and implementation challenges, studied by various authors. In this paper,
we study the architecture of vehicular fog computing and present various unique characteristics of vehicular
fog computing along with providing a detailed comparison with conventional fog computing.
We analyze VFC implications in ITS with respect to architecture, applications, and challenges. We
discuss and analyze the existing applications and research challenges in them. We also explain a novel
application use-case of vehicular fog computing, bridging cellular network coverage holes using vehicular
fog computing. Finally, we present new and promising applications and open research challenges
therein.
Identification of Novel Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from NCI
Database by a Drug Repurposing Approach
Authors: Hussain Afzal , hussain Ashfaq
Published: January 2022

Background:

The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the mortality it has caused have
prompted research organizations to develop novel medications to fight against COVID-19. The main
protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to the virus’s replication and propagation in host cells.
Therefore, it is a promising therapeutic target.

Objectives:

There are officially no certified specific drugs or available interventions for COVID-19
infection. Repurposing standard pharmaceutical drugs for COVID-19 is a promising strategy to
identify potent therapeutic candidates quickly.

Methods:

The NCI (National Cancer Institute) database compounds, COVID-19 Mpro, and the
reference ligand were prepared, and the docking, ADMET, and MMGBSA analyses were carried out
using Maestro (Schrödinger Suite).

Results:

The study shows the results after screening NCI molecules (265,242) against COVID-19
Mpro. Compounds NCI19775, NCI226834, NCI115535, NCI270893, NCI89644, NCI332542,
NCI617217, NCI43927, NCI67474, NCI250293, and NCI59266 fit in the active site of the COVID-
19 Mpro, showing a tighter interaction than the reference ligand X77. The docking score of these NCI
compounds is also higher than X77. As a result, these compounds could be promising anti-COVID
Mpro agents. NCI19775 (6,6-bis (benzylthio) hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol)was shown to be a more
potent inhibitor of COVID-19 main protease, and the outcomes also exhibit the potential for NCI
compounds to interact with COVID Mpro.

Conclusions:

Our computational strategy identified promising and efficacious SARS-CoV-2
inhibitors that could be investigated further in clinical trials.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): A Promising Photocatalytic Material
Authors: Liu Jianqiang , Kumar Abhinav
Published: January 2022

Background and Methods:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) regarded as threedimensional
analogues of coordination polymers (CPs) find utility in varied applications viz.
sensing of ions and molecules, gas/small molecule absorption/separation, catalysis, gas storage,
membranes and drug delivery system. In recent years, their applications as photocatalyst for the
photodegradation of aromatic dyes have been explored. In addition, computational studies have
been employed to complement the experiments, which provided new insight on MOFs/CPs to
understand mechanistic pathways of photocatalysis.

Results and Discussion:

This perspective presents the designing strategies and structures of
photoactive MOFs and plausible mechanistic pathways using photocatalysed degradation of
organic dyes, a lethal component present in wastewater discharge from industries.

Conclusion:

The presentation study suggested that using appropriate rigid, semi-rigid and flexible
organic ligands with appropriate antennae and suitable co-ligand on coordination to the main
group, transition and inner transition metal centers could engender targeted MOFs that can display
superior photocatalytic properties.
Miracle Fruit from a Medical Perspective: Goji Berry (Lycium spp.)
Authors: Oğuz İlbilge , Oğuz Halil İbrahim , Kafkas Nesibe Ebru
Published: January 2022

The goji berry (Lycium spp.) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The genus Lycium com- prises 87 recognized species and is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in temperate to sub- tropical zones around the world. China is currently the greatest supplier of goji berry, or wolfberry,
products in the world and commercial amounts of wolfberry are grown in this country. Goji berry is densely cultivated around the southwestern part of China. Recently, goji berry became a popular
fruit in Turkey due to containing health beneficial compounds, especially phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, tocopherol, and ascorbic acid and having antioxidant properties. Lycium fruits were used as remedies since ancient times in Asian countries, especially in China, for their emmenagogue, diuretic, antipyretic, tonic, aphrodisiac, hypnotic, and hepatopro- tective effects. After the discovery of the medicinal and aromatic characteristics of goji berry products, interest in goji berry has increased around the world. Goji berry is regarded as a super- food because of its nutrient profile. Especially in recent years, the goji berry has been cultivated and used widely as a medical aromatic plant in many European countries, following its use in Southeast Asian countries. In this chapter, adequate research is presented about goji berry in terms of botanical description, homeland, benefits to human health, and traditional uses.
Clinicopathological profile of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Thaib Pamela Kusumadewi Putri , Rahaju Anny Setijo
Published: January 2022

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer with aggressive behavior. Tumor stage and grade are important parameter in diagnosis. Data about the clinical and pathology profile of ccRCC in Indonesia is limited, therefore further information is needed. The study aimed to determine clinicopathologic profile of ccRCC in Soetomo Academic General Hospital (SAGH). This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively with cross-sectional approach. Clinical and histopathological archives of ccRCC specimen were retrieved during January 2016 to December 2020. The total number of ccRCC cases obtained was 38 cases, the most cases (11) occurred in 2016. The average of patient’s age was 55.64 years. Patients were predominantly male (71.1%), with a ratio to female 2.5:1. The tumors mostly filled the entire kidney, in 15 (39.5%) cases. Most pT stage distribution was pT2, in 15 (39.5%) cases. Most N stage distribution was N0, in 23 (60.5%) cases. Only 5 (13.2%) cases showed multiple pulmonary nodules which suspected to be metastatic (M1). The most common tumors grade was G4, in 17 (44.7%) cases. In conclusion, ccRCC patient were predominantly male, tumors mostly high grade, filled entire kidney, not penetrated renal capsule, and not metastasize to regional lymph nodes.
Competence Development Planning of Human Resources with International Tourism Standards for Improving the Welfare of the Badung Regency Community
Authors: Sihombing Urkanus
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This study aims to find a strategy for economic recovery through the development of human resource competencies with international tourism standards to improve people's welfare and realize the vision of the Regent and Deputy Regent of Badung in 2021-2024, namely Continuing the Happiness of the Badung Community through Development based on Tri Hita Karana. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study on the competency development program at the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Development of the Badung Regency Government. This study finds the importance of planning and implementing human resource competency development managed by professional training institutions to produce reliable and competitive human resources and ready to meet the needs of the tourism business community in the Badung area and outside the region, including especially ten new tourist destinations that announced by the central government. For the management of human resource competency development to achieve optimal results, the learning management will utilize an online learning system and a mix of online with face-to-face/practice (blended learning). Commitment and innovative leadership from the Regent and Deputy Regent of Badung, combined with the mapping of competency development priorities of strategic value, are expected to immediately restore the economic conditions experienced by the people in Badung Regency.
The Applied Data Analytics in Medicine Program: Lessons Learned From Four Years’ Experience With Personalizing Health Care in an Academic Teaching Hospital
Authors: Haitjema Saskia , Prescott Timothy R , van Solinge Wouter W
Published: January 2022

The University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht piloted a hospital-wide innovation data analytics program over the past 4 years. The goal was, based on available data and innovative data analytics methodologies, to answer clinical questions to improve patient care. In this viewpoint, we aimed to support and inspire others pursuing similar efforts by sharing the three principles of the program: the data analytics value chain (data, insight, action, value), the innovation funnel (structured innovation approach with phases and gates), and the multidisciplinary team (patients, clinicians, and data scientists). We also discussed our most important lessons learned: the importance of a clinical question, collaboration challenges between health care professionals and different types of data scientists, the win-win result of our collaboration with external partners, the prerequisite of available meaningful data, the (legal) complexity of implementation, organizational power, and the embedding of collaborative efforts in the health care system as a whole.
Detecting Mental Health Behaviors Using Mobile Interactions: Exploratory Study Focusing on Binge Eating
Authors: Vega Julio , Bell Beth T , Taylor Caitlin , Xie Jue , Ng Heidi , Honary Mahsa , McNaney Roisin
Published: January 2022

Background

Binge eating is a subjective loss of control while eating, which leads to the consumption of large amounts of food. It can cause significant emotional distress and is often accompanied by purging behaviors (eg, meal skipping, overexercising, or vomiting).

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of mobile sensing to detect indicators of binge-eating episodes, with a view toward informing the design of future context-aware mobile interventions.

Methods

This study was conducted in 2 stages. The first involved the development of the DeMMI (Detecting Mental health behaviors using Mobile Interactions) app. As part of this, we conducted a consultation session to explore whether the types of sensor data we were proposing to capture were useful and appropriate, as well as to gather feedback on some specific app features relating to self-reporting. The second stage involved conducting a 6-week period of data collection with 10 participants experiencing binge eating (logging both their mood and episodes of binge eating) and 10 comparison participants (logging only mood). An optional interview was conducted after the study, which discussed their experience using the app, and 8 participants (n=3, 38% binge eating and n=5, 63% comparisons) consented.

Results

The findings showed unique differences in the types of sensor data that were triangulated with the individuals’ episodes (with nearby Bluetooth devices, screen and app use features, mobility features, and mood scores showing relevance). Participants had a largely positive opinion about the app, its unobtrusive role, and its ease of use. Interacting with the app increased participants’ awareness of and reflection on their mood and phone usage patterns. Moreover, they expressed no privacy concerns as these were alleviated by the study information sheet.

Conclusions

This study contributes a series of recommendations for future studies wishing to scale our approach and for the design of bespoke mobile interventions to support this population.