bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prehospital predicting factors using a decision tree model for patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and an initial shockable rhythm
Authors: Tateishi Kazuya , Saito Yuichi , Yasufuku Yuichi , Nakagomi Atsushi , Kitahara Hideki , Kobayashi Yoshio , Tahara Yoshio , Yonemoto Naohiro , Ikeda Takanori , Sato Naoki , Okura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

The effect of prehospital factors on favorable neurological outcomes remains unclear in patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a shockable rhythm. We developed a decision tree model for these patients by using prehospital factors. Using a nationwide OHCA registry database between 2005 and 2020, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 1,930,273 patients, of whom 86,495 with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm were included. The primary endpoint was defined as favorable neurological survival (cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at 1 month). A decision tree model was developed from randomly selected 77,845 patients (development cohort) and validated in 8650 patients (validation cohort). In the development cohort, the presence of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation was the best predictor of favorable neurological survival, followed by the absence of adrenaline administration and age. The patients were categorized into 9 groups with probabilities of favorable neurological survival ranging from 5.7 to 70.8% (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 and 0.844 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively). Our model is potentially helpful in stratifying the probability of favorable neurological survival in patients with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm.
A comprehensive walkability evaluation system for promoting environmental benefits
Authors: Jeong Ilho , Choi Minje , Kwak Juhyeon , Ku Donggyun , Lee Seungjae
Published: September 2023

Pedestrian-oriented urban strategies such as the Paris 15-minute City are needed to respond to the global boiling. Quantitative evaluation of pedestrian-oriented urban objectives is important for various cities, and in this paper, a walkability evaluation system for the advanced model is developed considering the characteristics of a large city. The system calculates the walkability of Seoul. The evaluation system uses the Betweenness index as a weight in the urban network analysis. Considering stations with a high betweenness in urban traffic is essential for evaluating a pedestrian-oriented metropolis. Our findings in this study are that the UNA index in WES is critical for transit-oriented, walkable cities. The large city needs to find the location for mobility hubs or stations to observe the last mile. Installing a mobility hub or station at a high-value location in the city center is functionally important. In a pedestrian-oriented city, citizens can walk and bike the last mile in a busy city center. Walkable cities can encourage active transport and ultimately create more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation systems. This study offers valuable insights into pedestrian infrastructure, urban systems, and policies that promote green transportation.
Patient-specific primary and pluripotent stem cell-derived stromal cells recapitulate key aspects of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maione Angela Serena , Meraviglia Viviana , Iengo Lara , Rabino Martina , Chiesa Mattia , Catto Valentina , Tondo Claudio , Pompilio Giulio , Bellin Milena , Sommariva Elena
Published: September 2023

Primary cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) can promote the aberrant remodeling of cardiac tissue that characterizes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) by differentiating into adipocytes and myofibroblasts. These cells’ limitations, including restricted access to primary material and its manipulation have been overcome by the advancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and their ability to differentiate towards the cardiac stromal population. C-MSCs derived from hiPSCs make it possible to work with virtually unlimited numbers of cells that are genetically identical to the cells of origin. We performed in vitro experiments on primary stromal cells (Primary) and hiPSC-derived stromal cells (hiPSC-D) to compare them as tools to model ACM. Both Primary and hiPSC-D cells expressed mesenchymal surface markers and possessed typical MSC differentiation potentials. hiPSC-D expressed desmosomal genes and proteins and shared a similar transcriptomic profile with Primary cells. Furthermore, ACM hiPSC-D exhibited higher propensity to accumulate lipid droplets and collagen compared to healthy control cells, similar to their primary counterparts. Therefore, both Primary and hiPSC-D cardiac stromal cells obtained from ACM patients can be used to model aspects of the disease. The choice of the most suitable model will depend on experimental needs and on the availability of human source samples.
Correlation between tear levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and vitamin D at retinopathy of prematurity stages in preterm infants
Authors: Murugeswari Ponnalagu , Vinekar Anand , Prakalapakorn S. Grace , Anandula Venkata Ramana , Subramani Murali , Vaidya Tanuja Arun , Nair Archana Padmanabhan , Jayadev Chaitra , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy , Shetty Rohit , Das Debashish
Published: September 2023

Deregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels leads to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Vitamin D (VIT-D) is known to regulate VEGF in an oxygen dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to correlate tear levels of VEGF and VIT-D with different ROP stages in preterm infants. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 104 pre-term infants. They were grouped into: Group-1 (Classical ROP) and Group-2 (Aggressive ROP), which were further subdivided into Group-1A (progressing), Group-1B (regressing), Group-2A (pre-treatment), and Group-2B (post-treatment). Tear VEGF and VIT-D levels and their association with different ROP stages were assessed. Stage 1 and stage 2 had higher whereas stage 3 had lower VEGF levels in Group-1B compared to Group-1A. Stage 1 and stage 3 showed higher levels of VIT-D with no difference in stage 2 in Group-1B compared to Group-1A., Group-2B showed higher VEGF and lower VIT-D levels compared to Group-2A. Presence of a positive correlation at an early stage (stage 1) of ROP and a negative correlation at a more advanced stage (stage 3) of ROP with VIT-D and VEGF implies stage-specific distinct signaling crosstalk. These findings suggest that VIT-D supplementation may have the potential to modify the course and outcome of ROP.
Single-cell transcriptomics delineates the immune cell landscape in equine lower airways and reveals upregulation of FKBP5 in horses with asthma
Authors: Riihimäki Miia , Fegraeus Kim , Nordlund Jessica , Waern Ida , Wernersson Sara , Akula Srinivas , Hellman Lars , Raine Amanda
Published: September 2023

Equine asthma (EA) is a heterogenous, complex disease, with a significant negative impact on horse welfare and performance. EA and human asthma share fundamental similarities, making EA a useful model for studying the disease. One relevant sample type for investigating chronic lung inflammation is bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which provides a snapshot of the immune cells present in the alveolar space. To investigate the immune cell landscape of the respiratory tract in horses with mild-to-moderate equine asthma (mEA) and healthy controls, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on equine BALF cells. We characterized the major immune cell populations present in equine BALF, as well as subtypes thereof. Interestingly, the most significantly upregulated gene discovered in cases of mEA was FKBP5, a chaperone protein involved in regulating the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Research on the relationship between population distribution pattern and urban industrial facility agglomeration in China
Authors: Zeng Peng , Zong Cheng
Published: September 2023

Investigating the impact of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution provides valuable insights for advancing urban and regional development, as well as aiding in planning, forecasting, and achieving regional equilibrium. However, there remains a notable gap in understanding the influence and mechanisms of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution, particularly when considering different industry types and diverse regions comprehensively. Additionally, conventional panel data used to assess industrial facility agglomeration are constrained by limitations in coverage and timeliness. In contrast, Point of Interest (POI) data offers a superior solution with its real-time, fine-grained, and innovative advantages. This study utilizes real-time and fine-grained POI data in conjunction with the LandScan population raster dataset to precisely assess industrial facility agglomeration in 352 administrative units at the prefecture level and above in China. The key findings of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) factors influencing urban population growth rates have evolved, with increased significance attributed to Government Agencies and Social Groups, alongside a consistent impact from Science, Education, and Cultural Services. (2) The correlation between industrial facility agglomerations and population growth rates displayed linear relationships in 2015 and 2021, with varying strengths and directional shifts. (3) Regional disparities in industrial facility agglomeration patterns underscore the necessity for customized strategies to optimize industrial structures, foster innovation-driven sectors, and promote sustainable population growth.
Gestational diabetes in Germany—prevalence, trend during the past decade and utilization of follow-up care: an observational study
Authors: Lappe Veronika , Greiner Gregory Gordon , Linnenkamp Ute , Viehmann Anja , Adamczewski Heinke , Kaltheuner Matthias , Weber Dietmar , Schubert Ingrid , Icks Andrea
Published: September 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications in pregnancy. Information on key figures such as screening rates, prevalence of GDM or utilization of follow-up care and associated factors varies widely and is often lacking. The aim of our study is to provide information on screening rates for and prevalence of GDM as well as utilization of follow-up care in Germany. We used data (2010–2020) from a large, nationwide statutory health insurance containing information on inpatient and outpatient care, including diagnoses, medication and treatments. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess screening rates, prevalence of GDM and participation rates in follow-up care. A log-binomial regression model was calculated to analyze associated factors. Screening rates among pregnant women increased from 40.2% (2010) to 93.3% (2020) and prevalence from 9.4% (2010) to 15.1% (2020). The proportion of women attending follow-up care remained stable over time (around 42%). Age, educational level, insulin prescription, hypertension and obesity were positively associated with participation in follow-up care. Although over 90% of women in Germany are screened for GDM during pregnancy, follow-up care is used much less. Further research is needed to understand the trends in GDM healthcare (from screening to follow-up care) and the reasons for women's (non-)participation, as well as the attitudes and routines of the healthcare providers involved.
Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Lee Jihei Sara , Cha Hye Ryeong , Bae Hyoung Won , Lee Sang Yeop , Choi Wungrak , Lee Seung Won , Kim Chan Yun
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of antihypertensive medication on risks of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among patients diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). A total of 5,195 patients, who were diagnosed with HTN between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015, and subsequently diagnosed with OAG, were selected for analysis. For each OAG patient, 5 non-glaucomatous, hypertensive controls were matched (n = 25,975) in hypertension diagnosis date, residential area, insurance type and economic status. Antihypertensive medications were stratified into 5 types: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), β-blockers and diuretics. Relative risks were calculated. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle, comorbidities, blood pressure (BP), follow-up duration, and use of other types of antihypertensive drugs, ARB and CCB were found to slightly increase OAG risks (RR 1.1087 (95% CI 1.0293–1.1942); 1.0694 (1.0077–1.1349), respectively). Combinations of ARB with diuretics (1.0893 (1.0349–1.1466)) and CCB (1.0548 (1.0122–1.0991)) also increased OAG risks. The risks for OAG were found to increase by antihypertensive medication use, but the effects appeared to be small. Further studies are necessary to identify the associations of increased BP, medication and therapeutic effect with OAG.
Yeast cell detection using fuzzy automatic contrast enhancement (FACE) and you only look once (YOLO)
Authors: Huang Zheng-Jie , Patel Brijesh , Lu Wei-Hao , Yang Tz-Yu , Tung Wei-Cheng , Bučinskas Vytautas , Greitans Modris , Wu Yu-Wei , Lin Po Ting
Published: September 2023

In contemporary biomedical research, the accurate automatic detection of cells within intricate microscopic imagery stands as a cornerstone for scientific advancement. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, this study introduces a novel amalgamation of Fuzzy Automatic Contrast Enhancement (FACE) and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) framework to address this critical challenge of automatic cell detection. Yeast cells, representing a vital component of the fungi family, hold profound significance in elucidating the intricacies of eukaryotic cells and human biology. The proposed methodology introduces a paradigm shift in cell detection by optimizing image contrast through optimal fuzzy clustering within the FACE approach. This advancement mitigates the shortcomings of conventional contrast enhancement techniques, minimizing artifacts and suboptimal outcomes. Further enhancing contrast, a universal contrast enhancement variable is ingeniously introduced, enriching image clarity with automatic precision. Experimental validation encompasses a diverse range of yeast cell images subjected to rigorous quantitative assessment via Root-Mean-Square Contrast and Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD). Comparative analyses against conventional enhancement methods showcase the superior performance of the FACE-enhanced images. Notably, the integration of the innovative You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) facilitates automatic cell detection within a finely partitioned grid system. This leads to the development of two models—one operating on pristine raw images, the other harnessing the enriched landscape of FACE-enhanced imagery. Strikingly, the FACE enhancement achieves exceptional accuracy in automatic yeast cell detection by YOLOv5 across both raw and enhanced images. Comprehensive performance evaluations encompassing tenfold accuracy assessments and confidence scoring substantiate the robustness of the FACE-YOLO model. Notably, the integration of FACE-enhanced images serves as a catalyst, significantly elevating the performance of YOLOv5 detection. Complementing these efforts, OpenCV lends computational acumen to delineate precise yeast cell contours and coordinates, augmenting the precision of cell detection.
Multidisciplinary management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tóth I. , Ábrahám S. , Karamya Z. , Benkő R. , Matuz M. , Nagy A. , Váczi D. , Négyessy A. , Czakó B. , Illés D. , Tajti M. , Ivány E. , Lázár G. , Czakó László
Published: September 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had a major impact on most medical services. Our aim was to assess the outcome of acute cholecystitis during the nationwide lockdown period. All patients admitted to our emergency department for AC were analysed. Patient characteristics, performance status, AC severity, treatment modality and outcome of AC were assessed during the lockdown period (Period II: 1 April 2020–30 November 2021) and compared to a historical control period (Period I: 1 May 2017–31 December 2018). AC admissions increased by 72.8% in Period II. Patients were younger (70 vs. 74 years, p = 0.017) and greater in number in the CCI 1 group (20.4% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.043) in Period II. The unplanned readmission rate (6.3 vs. 0%, p = 0.004) and the gallbladder perforation (GP) rate was higher (18.0 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.006) in Period II. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) was more frequent (24.1 vs. 12.8%, p = 0.012) in Period II. In addition to a drop in patient age and CCI, a significant rise in the prevalence of acute cholecystitis, GP and unplanned readmissions was observed during the nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PTGBD was more frequent during this period, whereas successful conservative treatment was less frequent.
Surfactant-mediated enhanced FRET from a quantum-dot complex for ratiometric sensing of food colorants
Authors: Singha Sumit , Manna Mihir , Das Priya , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Bhandari Satyapriya
Published: September 2023

The surfactant-assisted enhancement in FRET from a quantum-dot complex and its application potential in ratiometric and visual sensing of food colorants are reported herein.
Effects of quantum size on the thermoelectric properties of bismuth
Authors: Wu Changyi , Sun Lei , Han Jinchen
Published: September 2023

The thermoelectric properties of 2D β-bismuth are highly influenced by quantum size.
Triggering single-molecule qubit spin dynamics via non-Abelian geometric phase effects
Authors: Hymas Kieran , Soncini Alessandro
Published: September 2023

We illustrate how macroscopic rotations can be utilised to trigger and control a spin dynamics within the ground doublet of both Kramers and non-Kramers-type molecular nanomagnets via the non-Abelian character of the time-evolution operator.
The emergence and prospects of carbon dots with solid-state photoluminescence for light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yuan Ting , Teng Qian , Li Chenhao , Li Jinsui , Su Wen , Song Xianzhi , Shi Yuxin , Xu Huimin , Han Yuyi , Wei Shuyan , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaohong , Li Yunchao , Fan Louzhen , Yuan Fanglong
Published: September 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in solid-state carbon dot (CD) emitters, including their synthesis, optical properties and applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Gallic acid-based dendrimers with a thiacalix[4]arene core: synthesis, aggregation and use for stabilization of Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Fatykhova Aigul M. , Sultanova Elza D. , Burilov Vladimir A. , Gafiatullin Bulat Kh. , Fedoseeva Angelina A. , Veshta Tatyana A. , Ziganshin Marat A. , Ziganshina Sufia A. , Evtugyn Vladimir G. , Islamov Daut R. , Usachev Konstantin S. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: September 2023

First-generation gallic acid-based “click” dendrimers with a thiacalix[4]arene core, including a symmetric dendrimer with four dendrons and amphiphilic dendrimers with alkyl lipoiphilic groups, were synthesized using convergent approach.
Ruthenium-hydride-mediated stabilisation of the azo anion radical of azobis(benzothiazole) and its reversible electron-reservoir feature
Authors: Singh Aditi , Seikh Liton , Dey Sanchaita , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: September 2023

Homolytic cleavage of the RII–H bond of A in contact with L facilitates the formation of H2 and L˙− derived 1–3, which undergo reversible electron exchange between 1–3 and 1+–3+.
The impact of spatially heterogeneous chemical doping on the electronic properties of CdSe quantum dots: insights from ab initio computation
Authors: Deswal Priyanka , Samanta Kushal , Ghosh Dibyajyoti
Published: September 2023

The spatial distribution of copper (Cu) dopant in CdSe quantum dots (QDs) significantly impact the photophysical properties including emission characteristics at ambient conditions. The dopant state fluctuates more widely for surface Cu doping.
Recent progress on radiofluorination using metals: strategies for generation of C–18F bonds
Authors: Luu Truong Giang , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes recent progress in metal-mediated radiofluorination studies for C–18F bond formation to provide organofluorine-18 compounds.
Segmental mobility in sustainable copolymers based on poly(lactic acid) blocks built onto poly(butylene succinate) in situ
Authors: Klonos Panagiotis A. , Bikiaris Nikolaos D. , Zamboulis Alexandra , Valera Miguel Ángel , Mangas Ana , Kyritsis Apostolos , Terzopoulou Zoi
Published: September 2023

Investigation of segmental dynamics in renewable triblock copolymers; effects of composition, chain/block lengths and crystallization.
Interplay of bulk soluble surfactants and interfacial kinetics governs the stability of two-layer channel flows
Authors: Chakraborty Gourab , Pramanik Satyajit , Ghosh Uddipta
Published: September 2023

The linear stability of two-layer channel flows in the presence of bulk-soluble surfactants is investigated here, taking into account the rheological properties of the interface.
Synergic interface passivation with potassium citrate as an eco-friendly conductive adhesive in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Rui , Xiao Lan , Wang Ziyi , Shi Chang , Xiao Shuping , Xiang Wuchen , Qin Zhongli , Chen Xiangbai , Fang Guojia , Qin Pingli
Published: September 2023

As a conductive adhesive, C6H5K3O7 could induce a heterogeneous nucleation for high quality perovskite to passivate the defect in SnO2/perovskite interface, achieving the self-encapsulation at the grain boundaries near buried interface.
Tuning reduction conditions to understand and control Ni exsolution from Sr0.8La0.1Ca0.1Ti0.94Ni0.06O3−δ
Authors: O'Leary Willis , Giordano Livia , Rupp Jennifer L. M.
Published: September 2023

Influence of reducing conditions on exsolution of nanoparticles from Sr0.8La0.1Ca0.1Ti0.94Ni0.06O3−δ are established, trends are explained by combining LaMer nucleation theory and DFT calculations.
Tailoring the mechanical properties of benzothiadiazole-based semiconducting polymers through chalcogen atom substitution
Authors: Kulatunga Piumi , Comí Marc , Gomes Tiago Carneiro , Seifi Moutasem , Majidzadeh Robabeh , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Rondeau-Gagné Simon
Published: September 2023

The electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of a series of benzothiadiazole (BT)-based conjugated polymers with different chalcogen atoms were investigated.
2-Aryl-1,3,4-trifluoro-6,7,10,11-tetrakis(alkoxy)triphenylene: a remarkable and highly inclusive mesomorphic platform
Authors: Pan Hui-Min , He Jiao , Yu Wen-Hao , Hu Ping , Wang Bi-Qin , Zhao Ke-Qing , Donnio Bertrand
Published: September 2023

Novel fluorine discotic liquid crystals, synthesized by arene–fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction, form stable columnar hexagonal mesophases due to the establishment of long-range non-covalent perfluoroarene-arene intermolecular interactions.
Contact properties of a low-resistance aluminum-based electrode with metal capping layers in vertical oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Jeon Sori , Lee Kwang-Heum , Lee Seung-Hee , Cho Seong-In , Hwang Chi-Sun , Ko Jong Beom , Park Sang-Hee Ko
Published: September 2023

Vertical thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low contact resistance are necessary to realize high-resolution displays for virtual reality and augmented reality applications.
An ultra-flexible temperature-insensitive strain sensor
Authors: Kato Yu , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Yokota Tomoyuki
Published: September 2023

Using a sensor material consisting of a conductive polymer and Ag nanoparticles, an ultra-flexible temperature-insensitive strain sensor is developed with a minimum bending radius of 0.14 mm and temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.11% K−1.
Evidence-Based Expository Intervention: A Tutorial for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Ukrainetz Teresa A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This tutorial guides speech-language pathologists (SLPs) through the research base for expository intervention and evidence-based decision making for clinical implementation.

Method:

In the first half of the tutorial, the nature and development of expository discourse is described, and then attention is turned to the research base that informs SLP expository intervention. The many educational domains in which relevant research can be found and the diverse terminology used are explained. From reading comprehension and compositional writing, two areas with strong research evidence that are suitable to SLP use—text structure and learning strategies—are identified. The second half of the tutorial focuses on crafting SLP interventions from the educational evidence. An expository intervention designed specifically for SLPs from this research base, called Sketch and Speak, is presented. In this intervention, visual and written note-taking strategies are combined with oral formulation and practice strategies and taught through individualized oral interactions around informational texts. SLPs are guided on how to adapt this and other expository treatments to their own priorities and service delivery situations while maintaining quality features or “active ingredients” of researched treatments.

Conclusions:

There is considerable educational research on expository intervention. From this literature, SLPs can strategically adopt and adapt to implement evidence-based interventions to help students understand, speak, and write in this important discourse form.
Expressive Language Profiles in a Clinical Screening Sample of Mandarin-Speaking Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Li Li , Su Yi (Esther) , Hou Wenwen , Zhou Muyu , Xie Yixiang , Zou Xiaobing , Li Ming
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This cross-sectional study aimed to depict expressive language profiles and clarify lexical–grammatical interrelationships in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the administration of the simplified Chinese Psychoeducational Profile–Third Edition screening.

Method:

We collected naturalistic language samples from 81 (74 boys, seven girls) 2- to 7-year-old (Mage= 55.6 months,SD= 15.17) Mandarin-speaking children with ASD in clinician–child interactions. The child participants were divided into five age subgroups with 12-month intervals according to their chronological age. Computer-assisted part-of-speech tagging, constituency analysis, and dependency analysis addressed the developmental trajectories of early lexical and grammatical growth in each age subgroup.

Results:

Significant within-ASD differences were observed in content words, function words, and lexical categories. Nouns and verbs were the predominant lexical categories, while noun types overwhelmed verb types in children over 3 years old. The grammatical development of 5- to 6-year-old Mandarin-speaking children with ASD was better than that of 3- to 4-year-old children. The trends of syntactic structures, grammatical relations, and grammatical complexity in each age group were similar.

Conclusions:

Mandarin-speaking preschoolers with ASD produce more lexicons with increasing age. They preserve the noun bias as a universal mechanism in early lexical learning. Moreover, their developmental trajectories of grammatical growth were comparable in each age subgroup. In addition, their lexicons and grammar were synchronically developed during early language acquisition.
Assessing the Language Abilities of Bahamian Creole English–Speaking Children
Authors: Moss Danielle , Timler Geralyn R.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assessing the expressive language of dual language learners may encounter challenges in making clinical judgments of language difference, developmental errors (e.g., overgeneralization), and language disorder. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide SLPs with language assessment information for children of Bahamian descent who speak Bahamian Creole English and English.

Method:

Using three cases as examples, we propose and describe a contextualized assessment approach. With this approach, we use multiple pieces of assessment data and place a child in a basic framework to ascertain what the context requires the child to do and what the child is currently doing and also determine how to support the child's language development.

Results:

The tutorial highlights the core components of the assessment process (i.e., referral, case history, assessment, and diagnosis). Guidelines for treatment are also addressed.

Conclusions:

Potential issues that can arise during the assessment of the language development of Bahamian children are addressed using a contextualized assessment approach. Assessment resources are provided within this tutorial.
Load frequency control strategy for islanded multimicrogrids with V2G dependent on learning‐based model predictive control
Authors: Fan Peixiao , Yang Jun , Ke Song , Wen Yuxin , Li Yonghui , Xie Lilong
Published: September 2023

System reliability and stability can be significantly improved by the interconnected operation of multimicrogrids, and electric vehicles (EVs) provide a more flexible solution for frequency control, which also present challenges for frequency control. Therefore, a load frequency control (LFC) strategy for multimicrogrids with vehicle to grid (V2G) dependent on learning‐based model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. First, a controller‐interconnected multimicrogrid topology is proposed; thus, a multimicrogrid consisting of microturbines (MTs), distributed power sources, and EVs and their random power constraints is established. Second, a control parameter adaptive algorithm based on learning‐based MPC is designed. The real‐time frequency offset and EV station output power boundary are used as the state set, adjustable parameters of the MPC controller are used as the action set, and reward function is set with frequency deviation so that the adaptive adjustment of the weight parameters of the MPC controller is realised. Additionally, the improved MPC controller designed in this paper can transform the frequency control process into an optimization problem, which is well adapted to various random constraints in the control process. In addition, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)‐MPC double‐layer controller can prevent machine learning controller failure. Finally, the simulation results show that, compared with traditional control and MPC algorithms, the learning‐based MPC controller applied to the controller interconnection structure can exchange information between submicrogrids. Moreover, based on the experience accumulated in the prelearning process, the controller parameters can be updated according to the environmental state in real time, thereby significantly improving the robustness and rapidity of the multimicrogrid frequency control process. Meanwhile, compared with a traditional DDPG controller, the proposed controller with double‐layer coupling structure can better ensure the safe operation of the multimicrogrid system when the machine learning agent fails and cannot output actions normally.
Two‐stage coarse‐to‐fine method for pathological images in medical decision‐making systems
Authors: He Keke , Zhu Jun , Li Limiao , Gou Fangfang , Wu Jia
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence decision systems play an important supporting role in the field of medical information. Medical image analysis is an important part of decision systems and an even more important part of medical diagnosis and treatment. The wealth of cellular information in histopathological images makes them a reliable means of diagnosing tumors. However, due to the large size, high resolution, and complex background structure of pathology images, deep learning methods still have various difficulties in the recognition of pathology images. Based on this, this study proposes a two‐stage continuous improvement‐based approach for pathology image recognition in medical decision systems. For pathology images with complex backgrounds, normalization and enhancement is performed to remove the effects of noise color, and light‐dark inconsistencies on the segmentation network. The continuous refinement PSP Net (CRPSPNet) is then designed for accurate recognition of the pathology images. CRPSPNet is divided into two stages: Pyramid Scene Parsing Network segmentation to obtain coarse segmentation results; and continuous refinement model refines the results of the first stage. Experiments using more than 1,000 osteosarcoma pathology images have shown that the method gives more accurate results with fewer computer resources and processing time than traditional optimization models. Its Intersection over Union achieves 0.76.
Akute Lumbago
Authors: Stern Cornelia , Zhang Zheng , Vetter Karl
Published: September 2023

Die Autoren stellen jeweils eine Behandlungsstrategie gegen akute Lumbago vor.
Themenreihe Praxishygiene – Teil 1
Authors: Handkke Denis Maximilian
Published: September 2023

Das Thema Praxishygiene hat aktuell an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Vielfalt und Fülle der Informationen und Verordnungen können allerdings darüber verunsichern, welche Maßnahmen festzulegen und durchzuführen sind. Die Beantwortung der einfachen Fragen „Wo bin ich?“, „Wo will ich hin?“ und „Wie komme ich dahin?“ ermöglicht es, schrittweise den Standort, das Ziel und geeignete Maßnahmen zu bestimmen. Im 1. Teil der Themenreihe schlägt der Autor einen Katalog von Maßnahmen vor, die sich in der Praxis bewährt haben, um die Erstellung eines Hygienemanagements zu unterstützen.
The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Thyroid Function: Findings from
Routine First-Trimester Sonographic Anomaly Screening
Authors: Bakar Rabia Zehra , Cetin Caglar , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Kütük Mehmet Serdar
Published: September 2023

Aim This study aimed to assess the effect of tobacco exposure on maternal
thyroid function and investigate its relationship to subclinical hypothyroidism
in pregnant women during the first trimester.

Subjects and Method A comparison of maternal thyroid function was made on
45 smokers, who composed the study group, and 72 non-smokers, pregnant women,
who constituted the control group. After determining smokers by questionnaire,
carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the expiratory air of the participants in both
groups were measured and recorded, and the smokers’ exposure was
objectively confirmed.

Results Smoking and non-smoking pregnant women were similar regarding body
mass index (BMI). While the TSH and fT4 levels were respectively 1.48
mlU/L and 11.43 pmol/L in pregnant women who smoked, that ratio
changed to 1.72 mlU/L and 11.17 pmol/L in the
non-smokers’ group. But the differences between the groups were not
statistically significant (p=0.239, p=0.179). Even though the
rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.9% in the smoking group, it was
approximately 19.4% in the non-smoker group; the difference was not
statistically significant (p=0.187).

Conclusion This study proved that there is no statistically significant
difference between maternal serum TSH and fT4 levels and the rate of subclinical
hypothyroidism in smokers during pregnancy in the first trimester.
Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity in Adjuvant Setting: A Real-World Scenario
Authors: Shrivastva Sarita , Bala Stalin Chowdary , Chennamaneni Rachana , Konatam Meher Lakshmi , Pydi Venkateswara Rao , Prasad Kuruva Siva , Gundeti Sadashivudu
Published: September 2023

Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, significantly improves outcomes in HER2-neu positive breast cancer. The incidence of cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab is approximately 8 to 10%. This study was designed to analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity in real-world settings. This was a single institutional retrospective analysis of the incidence of trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity in nonmetastatic HER2-positive, invasive breast cancer from January 2013 to December 2018. Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity was defined as symptomatic heart failure or asymptomatic decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by more than or equal to 10% or LVEF less than 50%. Risk factors analyzed were higher body mass index (≥30 kg/m2), history of diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, left-sided radiotherapy (RT), and prior exposure to anthracyclines. Out of the 246 patients diagnosed with early stage HER2-positive breast cancer, 117 (47.5%) received trastuzumab and constituted the study population. Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity was seen in a total of 16 (13.6%) patients. Eleven (9.4%) patients had an asymptomatic decline, while symptomatic LV dysfunction was seen in five (4.2%) patients. The median baseline ejection fraction was 65% (range, 56–72). The median time to development of cardiotoxicity was 18.5 weeks (range, 3–52) and the median trastuzumab cycle for cardiotoxicity was 6 (range, 2–16). Ten (62.5%) patients were rechallenged with trastuzumab following which one patient developed an asymptomatic decline in ejection fraction and one patient developed symptomatic heart failure. Cardiac-related mortality was seen in one (0.85%) patient. Left-sided RT to chest (p = 0.012) and presence of more than or equal to two risk factors (p = 0.01) had significant impact on incidence of cardiotoxicity. Approximately 14% developed trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity that was slightly higher compared with that seen in clinical trials. Left-sided RT to chest and presence of two or more risk factors had significant impact on development of cardiotoxicity.
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Disorders: Real-World Experience from India
Authors: Mehta Pallavi , Khushoo Vishvdeep
Published: September 2023

Haploidentical transplant (haploSCT) has its own unique complications; hence, we studied the outcome of haploSCT from a cancer hospital in India. We retrospectively analyzed the haploSCTs performed at our center between March 2015 and mid-August 2022 using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Ninety-nine patients (95 malignant and 4 nonmalignant) underwent 101 haploSCTs. Myeloablative (MA), nonmyeloablative (NMA), and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) were used in 35 (34.6%), 43 (42.5%), and 23 (22.7%) transplants, respectively. The median CD34 +  was 5.9 (1.8–10) ×106/kg. The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 15 (11–32) and 15.5 (9–120) days, respectively. There were 09 (8.9%) cases of primary graft rejection. Eighteen (17.8%) patients had a relapse. Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) was observed in 33 (32.6%) cases. Blood cultures were positive in 42 (41.5%) transplants. Common viral infections were BK (47.3%) and cytomegalovirus (CMV; 65.3%). The median follow-up was 6 (0.5–89.5) months. Forty-eight (48.4%) patients had died at the last follow-up. The main causes of the death were sepsis (27 [56.2%]), relapse (10 [22.2%]), and GVHD (04 [8.8%]). The nonrelapse mortality was 37.3%. The median overall survival (OS) was 18 ± 11.46 (0–40.77) months. The 1-year OS was 56.7%, while the 2-year OS was 49.3%. We emphasize that haploSCT offers a reasonable hope of survival for patients, although infections remain a significant challenge based on our experience.
Effect of Formononetin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in Mice
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Liu Hui , Peng Shuaijun , Su Pan , Xu Erping , Bai Ming , Li Yucheng
Published: September 2023

Objective The objective of this article is to explore the effect of formononetin (FMN) on depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice.

Methods After acclimatization, male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly divided into normal group, LPS group, paroxetine group (20 mg/kg), FMN low-dose group (20 mg/kg, FMN20), and FMN high-dose group (40 mg/kg, FMN40), with eight mice in each group. The depressive-like behaviors were observed by sucrose preference test, tail suspension test (TST), and open field test. The protein and mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the activation level of microglia.

Results Compared with the control group, the sucrose preference rate, the activity time of the central area, the distance of the central area, and the number of times of entering the central area were significantly decreased in the LPS group (p < 0.01), and the immobility time of TST was significantly prolonged (p < 0.05), the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein and mRNA in hippocampus were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in CA1, CA3, and DG regions of hippocampus was significantly increased (p < 0.01). Compared with the LPS group, the sucrose preference rate, central area activity time, central area activity distance, and the number of times of entering the central area were significantly increased (p < 0.05 or p <0.01) in the FMN group, and TST immobility time was significantly shortened (p < 0.01), the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein and mRNA in the hippocampus were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and the fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in CA1, CA3, and DG regions of hippocampus was significantly decreased (p < 0.01).

Conclusion FMN could inhibit LPS-induced activation of microglia, reduce hippocampal neuroinflammation, and improve depressive-like behaviors in mice.
Medial Shoulder Instability: Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes in 17 Poodles and 31 Dogs of Other Breeds
Authors: Woolley E.L.E. , Collyer T.A. , Finch S.J. , House A.K.
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to investigate whether poodles were overrepresented in a cohort of dogs with medial shoulder instability (MSI), and to compare the incidence of spontaneous (nontraumatic) MSI and treatment outcome in poodles and non-poodle dogs.

Study Design Medical records (2009–2019) of dogs with MSI from five surgical referral centers were reviewed.

Results Forty-eight dogs with confirmed MSI were enrolled; 17 (35%) of which were poodles and 31 (65%) were of other breeds (including 11 [23%] poodle crossbreeds). Poodles were more than 10 times overrepresented in the MSI populations (p < 0.0001) compared with other breeds. MSI occurred spontaneously in 82% of poodles and 52% of non-poodles; the odds of presenting with spontaneous MSI for poodles were four times greater than that for non-poodle breeds. There were no differences in terms of treatments and outcomes.

Conclusion Poodles were significantly overrepresented in the cohort of dogs presenting with MSI and were more likely to have spontaneous rather than traumatic MSI.
Evaluation and Clinicopathological Correlation of ALDH1 in Colorectal Adenoma with Low-/High-Grade Dysplasia and Carcinoma.
Authors: Bhanu Himanshi , Mittal Ruchi , Senapati Urmila
Published: September 2023

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms, carrying significant morbidity and mortality implications. Within colorectal carcinogenesis, cancer stem cells are recognized as key contributors, infusing tumors with aggressive traits, including chemoresistance. A group of enzymes known as ALDH1 exhibits stem cell properties, potentially playing a role in colorectal neoplasms. This study aims to evaluate ALDH1 expression in colonic neoplasms and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. The research encompasses 50 consecutive cases, involving CRC (30) and colorectal adenoma (20), gathered prospectively from September 2019 to August 2021, as well as archived cases from January 2018 to August 2019. Histological examination was conducted on CRC cases to assess tumor type, grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, mitosis, and necrosis, while colorectal adenomas were subjected to histological grading. ALDH1 immunohistochemistry was performed on both CRC and adenoma specimens. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS 20 software, employing the chi-squared test and Fischer's exact test. A higher count of adenoma cases displayed positive staining (p = 0.0005) and greater expression (p = 0.036) in comparison to carcinoma cases. The other clinicopathological parameters didn't demonstrate notable associations. Adenomas with low-grade dysplasia exhibited a higher frequency of positive ALDH1 staining and expression than those with high-grade dysplasia. In malignant cases, a higher proportion of positive staining was observed in lower-stage disease compared to higher-stage disease. The heightened staining and expression outcomes of ALDH1 in adenomas versus carcinomas, as well as their presence in lower-stage carcinomas, suggest the potential acquisition of novel mutations and the proliferation of distinct clonal stem cell subsets during disease progression. The absence of ALDH1 in adenoma/carcinoma could indicate a poorer prognosis and an increased likelihood of disease progression to a higher stage. Comprehensive multi-institutional and validation studies are needed to enhance our understanding of ALDH1's role in colorectal oncogenesis, as well as its viability as a targeted or personalized therapy option.
Congenital Bleeding Disorders and COVID-19—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dorgalaleh Akbar , Safdari Seyed Mehrab , Tabibian Shadi , Shams Mahmood , Dabbagh Ali , Rezazadeh Azadeh
Published: September 2023

Hypercoagulability is a prominent feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can lead to fatal consequences. Although the impact of COVID-19 on several disorders is well-established, its effect on congenital bleeding disorders (CBDs) is not well-documented. To address this ambiguity, a systematic review was conducted on the available studies to determine the impact of COVID-19 and vaccination aimed to prevent COVID-19 on patients with CBDs. We performed a systematic literature review using relevant keywords and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. We conducted our search on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until July 2023. Out of 31 included studies, 12 case series covering 770 patients with CBD and COVID-19 were further analyzed. The majority of the patients had hemophilia A (n = 352, ∼46%) or hemophilia B (n = 74, ∼10%), while the remaining patients had von Willebrand disease (n = 43, 5.6%) or rare bleeding disorders (n = 27, 3.5%). A total of 25 deaths (3.2%) and 22 intensive care unit admissions (2.8%) were recorded. Bleeding complications were reported in the majority of the 12 case series (n = 7, 58.3%) and in most of the case reports (n = 8, ∼57%), while thrombotic complications were only reported in two studies (16.6%). The mortality rate ranged from 0% in five studies (41.6%) to 5.7% and the rate of hospitalization ranged from 0 to 40%. Bleeding complications were reported in a range of 0 to 81%, while the thrombotic complication rate in one study was 6.9%. The mortality rate varied from 0 to 5.7%, and the hospitalization rate ranged from 0 to 40%. Bleeding complications were reported in a range of 0 to 81%, while the rate of thrombotic complications in one study was 6.9%. Vaccination was reported in five case series, which included 821 patients with CBDs with the majority having hemophilia A (n = 479; 67.2%) and hemophilia B (n = 85; ∼12%). The most frequently reported side effects were myalgia (6.5%), flu-like symptoms (4.8%), fever (4.7%), and headache (4%). COVID-19 in patients with CBDs appears to provoke thrombotic complications and bleeding events more frequently, as well as a higher rate of hospitalization, which may be partially due to the increased risk of bleeding events. Although it seems that patients with CBD have lower mortality rates, further studies are necessary to fully understand this, especially considering comorbidities and low number of available studies.