bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Перший досвід використання ботулотоксину типу А при хірургічному лікуванні вентральних гриж
Authors: Tarasiuk T. V.
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи: вивчити досвід використання ботулотоксину типу А при хірургічному лікуванні вентральних гриж.

Матеріали і методи. У клініці кафедри загальної хірургії № 2 Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця проведено проспективне дослідження, що включало 9 пацієнта. Всі хворі проходили лікування в період з червня 2017 по грудень 2018 року з приводу вентральної грижі. У 7 (77,8 %) пацієнтів було діагностовано післяопераційну вентральну грижу, у 1 (11,1 %) пацієнта – рецидивну післяопераційну вентральну грижу, у 1 (11,1 %) пацієнта – гігантську вентральну грижу білої лінії живота. Всім хворим як передопераційну підготовку було проведено ін’єкцію ботулотоксину типу А в м’язи передньої черевної стінки. Зміни щодо розмірів грижового дефекту оцінювали через 4 тижні з моменту ін’єкції за допомогою об’єктивного обстеження, ультразвукового дослідження та комп’ютерної томографії черевної стінки.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Через 4 тижні після внутрішньом’язового введення ботулотоксину типу А у всіх пацієнтів за даними комп’ютерної томографії спостерігалося достовірне зменшення розмірів грижового дефекту (р<0,001). В середньому товщина черевної стінки справа зменшилася на (1,45±1,05) мм, зліва – на (1,22±0,97) мм. Спостерігалося достовірне збільшення довжини м’язів передньої черевної стінки в середньому на (16,68±12,84) мм справа та на (16,54±11,65) мм зліва. Використання ботулотоксину під час передопераційної підготовки дозволило уникнути сепараційних методів герніопластики у всіх пацієнтів та у 55,6 % випадків виконати ушивання грижового дефекту та герніопластику лапароскопічно.
Успішний випадок використання радикальних операцій на пізніх стадіях раку товстої кишки
Authors: Kryshen V. P. , Trofimov M. V. , Zadorozhnyy V. V. , Chukhriienko A. V.
Published: February 2020

У статті представлено зібрані, оброблені і проаналізовані результати лікування 31 хворого зі злоякісними пухлинами товстої кишки на пізніх стадіях, ускладненими гострою кишковою непрохідністю та перфорацією кишки, перитонітом за 2018 рік. Було визначено співвідношення оперативних втручань залежно від локалізації пухлини та анатомічних особливостей. Для ілюстрації матеріалу представили особистий клінічний випадок використання радикальних операцій на пізніх стадіях раку товстої кишки.
Test-Retest Precision of Myocardial Blood Flow Measurements With
99m
Tc-Tetrofosmin and Solid-State Detector Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Wells R. Glenn , Radonjic Ivana , Clackdoyle Duncan , Do Jeffrey , Marvin Brian , Carey Clare , deKemp Robert A. , Ruddy Terrence D.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is feasible using cardiac cameras with solid-state detectors. SPECT MBF has been shown to be accurate when compared with positron emission tomography MBF measured in the same patients. However, the value of a test result applied to an individual patient depends strongly on the precision or repeatability of the test. The purpose of our study is to measure the precision of SPECT MBF measurements using
99m
Tc-tetrofosmin and a solid-state cardiac camera.

Methods:

SPECT MBF was measured in 30 patients and repeated at a mean interval of 18 days. MBF was evaluated from images with and without attenuation correction based on a separately acquired CT scan. The dynamic images were processed independently by 2 operators using in-house kinetic analysis software that applied a 1-tissue-compartment model. The K1 rate constant was converted to MBF using previously determined extraction fraction corrections. Correction for patient body motion was applied manually.

Results:

The average coefficient of variation (COV) in the differences between the 2 MBF measurements was between 28% and 31%. The interobserver COV was between 11% and 15%. Myocardial flow reserve is the ratio of MBF measured at stress and rest, and the COV is correspondingly higher. The COV for the difference in repeated myocardial flow reserve was 33% to 38%, whereas the interobserver COV was 13% to 22%.

Conclusions:

The COV for the difference in SPECT MBF measurements obtained on separate days is 28% to 31%. The corresponding COV for myocardial flow reserve is 33% to 38%.
Appropriate Use Criteria and Health Status Outcomes Following Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Saxon John T. , Grantham J. Aaron , Salisbury Adam C. , Sapontis James , Lombardi William L. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Moses Jeffery , Nicholson William J. , Tang Yuanyuan , Cohen David J. , Spertus John A. , Safley David M.
Published: February 2020

Background:

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Appropriate Use Criteria were designed to aid clinical decision-making, yet their association with health status outcomes after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown.

Methods:

We analyzed 769 patients with baseline and 1-year health status data after chronic total occlusion PCI. Procedures were categorized as appropriate, may be appropriate, or rarely appropriate. Mean changes in patient-reported health status, assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), were compared across appropriate use criteria categories from baseline to 1 year. Change in SAQ summary score was stratified as little to no benefit (≤10 points), intermediate (10–19 points), large (20–29 points), and very large (≥30 points).

Results:

The appropriate use criteria indication was appropriate in 573 patients (74.5%), may be appropriate in 191 (24.8%), and rarely appropriate in 5 (0.7%). Patients in the appropriate group reported greater improvement in SAQ summary scores (27.3±21.3 points) at 1 year compared with the may be appropriate (22.5±20.9;
P
=0.01). A similar pattern was noted for SAQ angina frequency (mean change 24.0±27.2 versus 18.7±25.6;
P
=0.02). The appropriate group had the highest proportion of very large improvements in SAQ summary scores (44.5% versus 33.3%;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:

Among patients undergoing chronic total occlusion PCI, the rate of rarely appropriate PCI was low. The rate of appropriate PCI was high and was associated with the greatest health status improvement at 1 year. A substantial proportion of patients in the may be appropriate group experienced meaningful health status benefits as well.
Survival, Neurocognitive, and Functional Outcomes After Completion of Staged Surgical Palliation in a Cohort of Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Atallah Joseph , Garcia Guerra Gonzalo , Joffe Ari R. , Bond Gwen Y. , Islam Sunjidatul , Ricci M. Florencia , AlAklabi Mohammed , Rebeyka Ivan M. , Robertson Charlene M. T. ,   for the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Program*
Published: February 2020

Background

Management of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has benefited from advancements in medical and surgical care. Outcomes have improved, although survival and long‐term functional and cognitive deficits remain a concern.

Methods and Results

This is a cohort study of all consecutive patients with
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
undergoing surgical palliation at a single center. We aimed to examine demographic and perioperative factors from each surgical stage for their association with survival and neurocognitive outcomes. A total of 117 consecutive patients from 1996 to 2010 underwent surgical palliation. Seventy patients (60%) survived to the Fontan stage and 68 patients (58%) survived to undergo neurocognitive assessment at a mean (
SD
) age of 56.6 months (6.4 months). Full‐scale, performance, and verbal intelligence quotient, as well as visual‐motor integration mean (
SD
) scores were 86.7 (16.1), 86.3 (15.8), 88.8 (17.2), and 83.2 (14.8), respectively. On multivariable analysis, older age at Fontan, sepsis peri‐Norwood, lowest arterial partial pressure of oxygen postbidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, and presence of neuromotor disability pre‐Fontan were strongly associated with lower scores for all
intelligence quotient
domains. Older age at Fontan and sepsis peri‐Norwood remained associated with lower scores for all
intelligence quotient
domains in a subgroup analysis excluding patients with disability pre‐Fontan or with chromosomal abnormalities.

Conclusions

Older age at Fontan and sepsis are among independent predictors of poor neurocognitive outcomes for patients with
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
. Further studies are required to identify the appropriate age range for Fontan completion, balancing a lower risk of acute and long‐term hemodynamic complications while optimizing long‐term neurocognitive outcomes.
Political Economy Determinants of Carbon Pricing
Authors: Levi Sebastian , Flachsland Christian , Jakob Michael
Published: February 2020

Carbon pricing is widely considered a key policy instrument for achieving substantial climate change mitigation. However, implementation remains patchy and price levels vary significantly across countries and regions. In this article, we analyze the structural social, political, and economic conditions under which carbon prices have been implemented so far. We estimate a Tobit regression model to investigate variations in explicit carbon prices over 262 national and subnational jurisdictions. Our results highlight well-governed institutions and public attitudes as the most important conditions for carbon pricing and characterize fossil fuel consumption as a barrier to the implementation of carbon prices. The results suggest that governance and public attitude need to be integrated into political economy analysis. Policy makers should take regulatory capacities and public attitudes seriously when designing carbon pricing policies.
Marital Choice in Sub-Saharan Africa: Comparing Structural and Cultural Influences in Contemporary Ghana
Authors: Takyi Baffour K. , Miller Nancy B. , Kitson Gay C. , Oheneba-Sakyi Yaw
Published: February 2020

A transformation is underway in family and marital processes in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. With the exception of recent research with an emphasis on childbearing issues, few researchers have analyzed these on-going developments. Using Ghana as a case study, this article examines the context of mate selection among men and women. We also compare the effect of structural as opposed to cultural factors on contemporary mate selection patterns. Findings from our analysis indicate an increasing propensity for Africans to self-select their partners. At the same time, women are more likely than men to consider the family’s input in selecting their partners. Individual reports and concordance in couples’ replies reflect this observation. Our overall results support the thesis that worldwide family processes in Africa may be converging to patterns in other parts of the world.
The Decline of the Social
Authors: Touraine Alain
Published: February 2020

It is impossible to define sociology other than by reference to ill-defined entities like society or the social. Nevertheless, it seems necessary nowadays to ask the question explicitly, whether these referents have relevant meaningful contents. The idea of society has been profoundly reformist or reforming. Wherever the political system has become open and more complex, and state intervention in economic life has expanded, the field of sociology itself has expanded to the point where we can speak of the triumph of a sociological vision of the world. Industrial society was a complete historical construction, defined by a morality, a philosophy of history and various forms of solidarity. The idea of society was never more closely associated with those of production and social justice. Now, we no longer live our collective life in purely “social” terms nor expect social answers to our problems. The decomposition of the idea of society, set off by the fragmentation of the world in which that idea developed, got worse. The current predominance of the theme of globalization has been accelerating the decline of the “social” representation of public life. The time has come to reconstruct sociology, no longer on the basis of what we thought was a definition of the social and of society, but on the basis of the explosion of those ensembles which had been thought to be solid, and of the attempts to reconstruct the space in which subjects can reconstitute a fabric of consensus, compromise and conflict.
An Old Theme Revisited: Sociology and Ideology
Authors: Wieviorka Michel
Published: February 2020

The main theme here is to combine a sociological perspective, in which we examine how sociologists deal with the concept and realities of ideology, within a historical interpretation. Two major periods in which sociology promulgated ideology are compared. The first period, the age of ideology, is the one in which modernity seems to be defined by the decline of tradition and religion, and by the triumph of Reason and Science. In this phase which extends from the coining of the term ideology to the end of the 1980s, sociology or sociologists either over-valued or under-valued the theme of ideology. The second period, marked by the end of the era of ideology, is one in which modernity seems if not to give way to post-modernity, at least to enter a new phase, in which it tends to be defined as the growing separation between reason and identities – particularly religious ones. In this phase the end of ideology which had been predicted for many years became a “historical truth.” Today there are no powerful all-encompassing grand ideologies anymore which might claim to personify at one and the same time, the people, science and progress and with the capacity to dominate and mobilize society. However, even in the second period, the “modest” or “particular” dimension of ideology referring to “false representations” of specific aspects of collective life, should be acknowledged.
Sociology and the Critical Reflexivity of Modernity: Scholarly Practices in Historical and Comparative Context
Authors: Wittrock Björn
Published: February 2020

A sense of the contingency of human, finite existence, reflections on its temporal embeddedness and on the possibility to act, to bring about other states of affairs in the world, i.e. what has sometimes been labeled the reflexivity of modernity, are not phenomena that appear only in the epoch of modernity. However, they become articulated in a distinctly new way, at the turn of the 18th century, one in which categories of the social and new notions of temporality and of agency become key components. Sociology came to depend on the existence of certain epistemic, institutional and existential conditions that allowed the new discourses of society to uphold epistemic claims to valid knowledge but also to reflexively engage in societal practices and their transformations. This article focuses on the ways in which this dilemma was articulated at three crucial historical junctures, namely the turn of the 18th century; the period of classical sociology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and finally; the present situation in the early 21st century with a global diffusion of professional sociological practices. This comparison in historical time is, for the last two periods of transformation, complemented also by a comparative analysis in space, by juxtaposing a Continental European experience with a North American one.
Allium xinlongense (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from western Sichuan

Authors: XIE DENG-FENG , XIE FU-MIN , JIA SHENG-BIN , LI HAO , YANG XIN , ZHANG XIANG-YI , ZHOU SONG-DONG , HE XING-JIN
Published: February 2020

Allium xinlongense from western Sichuan Province, China, is described as a new species. Its diagnostic morphological characters were confirmed to be valid by comparing them to those of related species, such as A. maowenense, A. chrysanthum, A. rude, A. xichuanense, A. chrysocephalum, and A. herderianum. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (combining ITS and rpL32-trnL markers) indicated that this new species is a member of Allium sect. Daghestanica. A comprehensive description of this new species is provided, including habitat environment and detailed morphological traits.
Fire and Rain: The Legacy of Hurricane Lane in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Nugent Alison D. , Longman Ryan J. , Trauernicht Clay , Lucas Matthew P. , Diaz Henry F. , Giambelluca Thomas W.
Published: February 2020

Hurricane Lane (2018) was an impactful event for the Hawaiian Islands and provided a textbook example of the compounding hazards that can be produced from a single storm. Over a 4-day period, the island of Hawaiʻi received an island-wide average of 424 mm (17 in.) of rainfall, with a 4-day single-station maximum of 1,444 mm (57 in.), making Hurricane Lane the wettest tropical cyclone ever recorded in Hawaiʻi (based on all available quantitative records). Simultaneously, fires on the islands of nearby Maui and Oʻahu burned 1,043 ha (2,577 ac) and 162 ha (400 ac), respectively. Land-use characteristics and antecedent moisture conditions exacerbated fire hazard, and both fire and rain severity were influenced by the storm environment and local topographical features. Broadscale subsidence around the storm periphery and downslope winds resulted in dry and windy conditions conducive to fire, while in a different region of the same storm, preexisting convection, incredibly moist atmospheric conditions, and upslope flow brought intense, long-duration rainfall. The simultaneous occurrence of rain-driven flooding and landslides, high-intensity winds, and multiple fires complicated emergency response. The compounding nature of the hazards produced during the Hurricane Lane event highlights the need to improve anticipation of complex feedback mechanisms among climate- and weather-related phenomena.
Multifractal Analysis of Rainfall-Rate Datasets Obtained by Radar and Numerical Model: The Case Study of Typhoon Bolaven (2012)
Authors: Lee J. , Paz I. , Schertzer D. , Lee D. I. , Tchiguirinskaia I.
Published: February 2020

Typhoon Bolaven caused significant damage with severe rainfall all over South Korea, including Cheju Island, which received more than 250 mm in 2 days in August 2012. It was regarded as the most powerful storm to strike the Korean Peninsula in nearly a decade. The rainfall-rate datasets were obtained from S-band radar operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration to be analyzed and compared with the mesoscale Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) model simulation. Multifractal analysis was conducted to understand the structure of the rainfall rate with height in the typhoon system. The radar rainfall data presented with strong intermittency across scales at lower altitudes (1 and 2 km) and a more homogeneous rainfall field at high altitude (5 km) with two parameters (fractal codimension and multifractality index). The statistical scaling moment function and maximal singularities show clear significant differences between radar and the CReSS model.
The DSM’s Reconnection to Psychoanalytic Theory through the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders
Authors: Natoli Adam P.
Published: February 2020

Often believed to have Kraepelinian origins, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—5th Edition (DSM-5) defines personality disorders using a categorical, hierarchical taxonomic system. This system possesses many long-standing problems for clinical practice, including a large assortment of symptom combinations that contribute to problematic heterogeneity and likely impair diagnostic validity. The DSM diagnostic system was at one time heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory (Shorter 2005). A desire for greater theoretical neutrality then encouraged a shift away from psychoanalytic theory, resulting in the problematic atheoretical model of personality pathology introduced in DSM-III (1980) and still used today. The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), introduced in DSM-5 (2013), is an attempt to reconcile many of the categorical model’s issues and directly parallels primary themes that characterize psychoanalytic models of personality. After a review of the historical development of DSM, three current systems for diagnosing personality pathology—the DSM-5’s categorical model (2013), its AMPD (2013), and the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (2nd ed.; Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations 2017) are compared. The comparison illustrates how the AMPD brings psychoanalytic theory back into the DSM system and acknowledges the implications of a more psychoanalytic DSM.
The Role of Item Distributions on Reliability Estimation: The Case of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha
Authors: Olvera Astivia Oscar Lorenzo , Kroc Edward , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: February 2020

Simulations concerning the distributional assumptions of coefficient alpha are contradictory. To provide a more principled theoretical framework, this article relies on the Fréchet–Hoeffding bounds, in order to showcase that the distribution of the items play a role on the estimation of correlations and covariances. More specifically, these bounds restrict the theoretical correlation range [−1, 1] such that certain correlation structures may be unfeasible. The direct implication of this result is that coefficient alpha is bounded above depending on the shape of the distributions. A general form of the Fréchet–Hoeffding bounds is derived for discrete random variables. R code and a user-friendly shiny web application are also provided so that researchers can calculate the bounds on their data.
Design and implementation of a three-dimensional simulation system for a humanoid table tennis robot
Authors: Zhou Lu
Published: February 2020

This paper designs and implements a simulation system that can verify the planning algorithms such as table tennis trajectory planning and robot leg movement planning. The simulation system and the humanoid robot’s control system are connected based on the RTnet real-time Ethernet protocol. The table tennis game of the humanoid robot is implemented using the simulation of the forward and inverse kinematics of the robot arm, the hitting planning, and the forward and inverse kinematics of the robot leg.
Exploring the involvement of men who use intimate partner violence in social work education: Student and service user views
Authors: Jury Rebecca , Boxall Kathy
Published: February 2020

There is growing international interest in service user involvement in social work education, but some service user groups are more likely to be included than others. This article explores the possibility of involving male service users who use intimate partner violence in Australian social work education. The article describes focus groups conducted separately with social work students and men who use intimate partner violence, which explored participants’ understandings of lived experience, service user involvement in social work education and the place of men who use intimate partner violence in the social work academy. The findings suggest it may be possible to involve previously excluded service user groups in social work education.
The Use of NFP When Pregnancy Is Contraindicated?
Authors: Aznar Justo , Tudela Julio
Published: February 2020

The Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith has declared the moral liceity of hysterectomy when certain medical criteria are met but does not exclude other options, “for example, recourse to infertile periods or total abstinence.” Consequently, there may be couples who prefer to use natural family planning (NFP) methods. We shall refer to these in this article. The efficacy of NFP methods is determined by knowing the day of ovulation. To that end, three parameters are used: the presence and consistency of cervical mucus, measurement of the basal body temperature, and the determination of particular hormones in urine. Of the NFP methods used, the so-called sympto-thermal method seems to be the most effective. It has been concluded that the postovulatory or luteal phase of the female menstrual cycle is the safest time to avoid pregnancy if the couple has sexual intercourse during this period. Nevertheless, the use of NFP methods has limitations if the length of the cycles varies, there are fluctuations in the basal temperature, or when there are vaginal infections. Urinary hormone levels can also be altered by the use of antibiotics or psychotropic drugs. In general, however, it can be concluded that NFP methods, if used in the conditions mentioned herein, offer a high degree of reliability, similar to that of artificial contraceptive methods. Accordingly, if pregnancy must be avoided in the medical circumstances to which the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith refers, NFP methods can effectively replace hysterectomy, thereby circumventing the medical difficulties of this practice.

The Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith has declared the moral liceity of hysterectomy when certain medical criteria are met but does not exclude other options, “for example, recourse to infertile periods or total abstinence.” Consequently, there may be couples who prefer to use natural family planning (NFP) methods. We shall refer to these in this article. In general, it can be concluded that NFP methods, if used in the conditions mentioned herein, offer a high degree of reliability, similar to that of artificial contraceptive methods. Accordingly, if pregnancy must be avoided in the medical circumstances to which the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith refers, NFP methods can effectively replace hysterectomy, thereby circumventing the medical difficulties of this practice.
Rebalancing the rhetoric: A normative analysis of enforcement in street homelessness policy
Authors: Johnsen Sarah , Watts Beth , Fitzpatrick Suzanne
Published: February 2020

Street homelessness policies often provoke great intensity of feeling, especially when they include elements of force. This paper considers the moral case stakeholders present for and against enforcement in street homelessness policies via a series of philosophically informed normative ‘lenses’, including paternalist, utilitarian, rights-based, contractualist, mutualist and social justice perspectives. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research in six UK cities, it highlights the disparity between the condemnatory portrayals of enforcement dominant in academic and media discourses, and the more complex and/or ambivalent views held by practitioners and homeless people ‘on the ground’. It concludes that an analytical framework that pays systematic attention to this span of normative lenses can facilitate more constructive, even if still ‘difficult’, conversations about policy interventions in this exceptionally sensitive area.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Head and Neck Melanoma: Long‐term Outcomes, Prognostic Value, Accuracy, and Safety
Authors: Hanks John E. , Kovatch Kevin J. , Ali S. Ahmed , Roberts Emily , Durham Alison B. , Smith Joshua D. , Bradford Carol R. , Malloy Kelly M. , Boonstra Philip S. , Lao Christopher D. , McLean Scott A.
Published: February 2020

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term outcomes of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Longitudinal review of a 356‐patient cohort with HNCM undergoing SLNB from 1997 to 2007.

Results

Descriptive characteristics included the following: age, 53.5 ± 19 years (mean ± SD); sex, 26.8% female; median follow‐up, 4.9 years; and Breslow depth, 2.52 ± 1.87 mm. Overall, 75 (21.1%) patients had a positive SLNB. Among patients undergoing completion lymph node dissection following positive SLNB, 20 (27.4%) had at least 1 additional positive nonsentinel lymph node. Eighteen patients with local control and negative SLNB developed regional disease, indicating a false omission rate of 6.4%, including 10 recurrences in previously unsampled basins. Ten‐year overall survival (OS) and melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) were significantly greater in the negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) cohort (OS, 61% [95% CI, 0.549‐0.677]; MSS, 81.9% [95% CI, 0.769‐0.873]) than the positive SLN cohort (OS, 31% [95% CI, 0.162‐0.677]; MSS, 60.3% [95% CI, 0.464‐0.785]) and positive SLN/positive nonsentinel lymph node cohort (OS, 8.4% [95% CI, 0.015‐0.474]; MSS, 9.6% [95% CI, 0.017‐0.536]). OS was significantly associated with SLN positivity (hazard ratio [HR], 2.39; P <. 01), immunosuppression (HR, 2.37; P <. 01), angiolymphatic invasion (HR, 1.91; P <. 01), and ulceration (HR, 1.86; P <. 01). SLN positivity (HR, 3.13; P <. 01), angiolymphatic invasion (HR, 3.19; P <. 01), and number of mitoses (P =. 0002) were significantly associated with MSS. Immunosuppression (HR, 3.01; P <. 01) and SLN status (HR, 2.84; P <. 01) were associated with recurrence‐free survival, and immunosuppression was the only factor significantly associated with regional recurrence (HR, 6.59; P <. 01).

Conclusions

Long‐term follow up indicates that SLNB showcases durable accuracy, safety, and prognostic importance for cutaneous HNCM.
Háblame Bebé: A phone application intervention to support Hispanic children’s early language environments and bilingualism
Authors: Baralt Melissa , Darcy Mahoney Ashley , Brito Natalie
Published: February 2020

The early language environments of low-income Hispanic children can be negatively affected when their Spanish-speaking caregivers face racism, assimilation pressure, and/or misinformed advice based on English-only ideologies. This article reports on the design and efficacy of Háblame Bebé, a language-promoting phone application that encourages low-income Hispanic mothers to talk more to their children in their native Spanish with the goals of (1) improving their children’s early language environment, (2) promoting bilingualism, and (3) monitoring developmental milestones. The app was designed and tested across three phases as mandated by the US HRSA Bridging the Word Gap Challenge. In Phase I, we developed a curriculum that promotes high-quality language interactions in Spanish and designed the app components. In Phase II, we tested the app with 20 Hispanic mothers (half high school-educated, half college-educated) in a pretest–posttest design in which we examined their language interactions before and after two months of using the app. Preliminary results indicated that mother–child verbal interactions increased, but not always in their native Spanish, and the difference was not statistically significant. Focus group data revealed that many of the mothers had experienced linguistic racism and that tropes surrounding Spanish-speaking identity in the USA needed to be explicitly addressed within the intervention. In Phase III, a sociolinguistic pride component was added and the app was again tested with 12 additional Hispanic mothers (all high school-educated only). This time, a statistically significant increase in mother–child verbal interactions was found. Mothers also reported feeling prouder to use Spanish with their children. These results suggest that Háblame Bebé may be a viable means to reach low-income Hispanic caregivers who face obstacles in accessing health information and/or home-visiting programs for their children.
Explaining the urban premium in Chinese cities and the role of place-based policies
Authors: Howell Anthony , Liu Chong , Yang Rudai
Published: February 2020

This paper relies on the empirical framework introduced in Combes et al. (2012) to address the following main questions: (a) what are the relative contributions of agglomeration and selection forces expected to drive the urban productivity premium previously observed in Chinese cities, and (b) to what extent does the industrial parks and zones (IPZs) program, a popular place-based policy, simultaneously influence selection and agglomeration mechanisms? The main findings are as follows. First, both agglomeration and selection forces are observed in larger, denser Chinese cities, indicating that earlier studies that failed to take into account selection likely overestimate the effect of agglomeration economies. Second, after taking into account non-random site selection based on matching, the IPZs program intensifies both agglomeration and selection forces, although the results depend strongly on who administers the program. The empirical findings highlight a theoretical connection between state intervention and explaining the observed urban premium in a transitioning economy context.
An investigation into solid waste problem in the Egyptian construction industry: A mini-review
Authors: Daoud Ahmed Osama , Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Robinson Herbert , Bayyati Ali
Published: February 2020

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most critical global challenges nowadays. It has a severe negative effect on the triple bottom line of sustainability. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) contributes about 50% of the total global annual generated SW. In the particular case of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region including Egypt, the SW problem has become a major challenge, and the need to find sustainable solutions is overwhelming. However, the region faces several challenges that hinder the development of an effective and efficient SWM system. This has resulted in the predominance of unsustainable SWM practices such as indiscriminate disposals. The aim of this paper is to investigate the escalating problem of SW in the MENA region, while focusing on CDW in Egypt as a part of the total generated SW, by reviewing the most recent research papers, and technical and governmental reports on the SW problem. The main challenges towards effective and efficient SWM systems and recommendations for improvement are gathered in this study based on the explored literature. Findings from this study are expected to be beneficial to local and central governments, academics, construction industry practitioners, and policymakers contending with the problems of SW in the MENA region and especially CDW in Egypt.
Comparison of construction and demolition waste management between Brazil, European Union and USA
Authors: Nunes KRA , Mahler CF
Published: February 2020

Construction and demolition waste represents a significant waste flow, both in Brazil and in other countries. According to specific Brazilian legislation, since 2004 construction and demolition waste can no longer be disposed of in open dumps, municipal solid waste landfills, slopes, waterways and environmental protected areas. Construction and demolition waste should preferably be recycled, but just a small amount of it returns to the construction industry production chain in Brazil. This work aims both to present diagnoses of the construction and demolition waste management in Brazil, the European Union and the United States and to compare their results. It is concluded that Brazil presents performance indicators in relation to construction and demolition waste management well below those found for the other analysed countries. Furthermore, differences and similarities are identified and potentials for improvement in the current situation of construction and demolition waste in Brazil are discussed.
Education–Job Fit and Work-Related Learning of Recent Graduates: Head Start or Filling a Gap?
Authors: Grosemans Ilke , Vangrieken Katrien , Coertjens Liesje , Kyndt Eva
Published: February 2020

Graduates’ education and its alignment with the first job are of key influence on graduates’ career. It is argued that education–job fit affects work-related learning, which is important for recent graduates to cope with the demands of their new job. Theoretically, two (contradicting) processes have been put forward describing the relationship between education–job fit and work-related learning: Whereas the complementing hypothesis argues that work-related learning builds on existing competences, the substituting hypothesis assumes that work-related learning compensates in case of misalignment. These hypotheses were assessed by identifying latent fit profiles of recent graduates ( N = 779) and comparing differences regarding work-related learning. Four distinct profiles were identified: full fit, horizontal fit, vertical fit, and full misfit. Results supported the complementing hypothesis, arguing that learning at work complements what was learned during higher education. Furthermore, this study demonstrated how fit profiles differently influence formal and informal learning activities.
Prediction of machining accuracy based on geometric error estimation of tool rotation profile in five-axis multi-layer flank milling process
Authors: Yu Hangzhuo , Jiang Lei , Wang Jindong , Qin Shengfeng , Ding Guofu
Published: February 2020

In five-axis multi-layer flank milling process, the geometric error of tool rotation profile caused by radial dimension error and setup error has great influence on the machining accuracy. In this work, a new comprehensive error prediction model considering the inter-layer interference caused by tool rotation profile error is established, which incorporates a pre-existing prediction model dealing with a variety of errors such as geometric errors of machine tool, workpiece locating errors, and spindle thermal deflection errors. First, a series of tool contact points on the tool swept surface in each single layer without overlapping with others are calculated. Second, the position of the tool contact points on the overlapped layers is updated based on the detection and calculation of inter-layer interferences. Third, all evaluated tool contact points on the final machined surface are available for completing the accuracy prediction of the machined surface. A machining experiment has been carried out to validate this prediction model and the results show the model is effective.
The role of bending stress on the initiation of reverse transverse defects
Authors: Mojumder Soumyajit , Su Hang , Qiu Cong , Mutton Peter , Singh Aparna , Yan Wenyi
Published: February 2020

This paper investigated the role of longitudinal reverse bending stress on the initiation of reverse transverse defects. The longitudinal reverse bending stress occurs due to the reverse bending of the rail between two-wheel passage leading to the generation of tensile bending stress at the railhead and the lower head areas. The longitudinal bending stress was investigated as part of a parametric study on the rail cant angle, rail stiffness, lateral-to-vertical load ratio, and rail profile. A finite element model was created by using ABAQUS to analyze the extent of reverse bending in rails with respect to the chosen set of parameters. Under different lateral-to-vertical load ratios of 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, the maximum stress at the rail lower gauge corner was found to vary between 14.57MPa and 15.47MPa under the reverse bending condition. Similarly, low values of tensile stress under the reverse bending scenario were observed with changes in the rail cant angle and axle spacing with respect to different coal and iron ore wagons. The results revealed that the magnitude of the bending stress under different conditions of reverse bending was not significant enough to initiate a crack at the lower gauge corner.
Improved results demonstrated in the 2017 national audit of early syphilis management in the United Kingdom
Authors: Menon-Johansson AS , Curtis H , Mohammad H , Hamlyn E , Hughes A , McClean H , Pal N , Tayal S , Sullivan AK
Published: February 2020

The revised British Association of Sexual Health and HIV UK guidelines on the management of syphilis were published in 2015 and this audit measures performance against those standards and recommendations. Although not included in the guideline recommendations, an exploratory question on clinics’ HIV testing policy was also included. The audit was conducted over a two-month period in 2017 in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics across the UK of cases presenting in 2016. A total of 161 GUM clinics participated, and data were collected for 3017 cases. The standard for adherence to recommended treatment was met (97%, standard: 97%) and almost met for documented pre-treatment syphilis serology (95%, standard: 97%). Even though only 74% of patients had a documented action in relation to informing sexual contacts (standard: 97%), the standard for contacts seen and tested per index case within four weeks was met (0.9, standard: 0.6). Finally, those clinics with a formal policy on HIV testing after a syphilis diagnosis were twice as likely to test after the HIV window period, compared to clinics without a policy; a concurrent HIV diagnosis was made in 75 (3%) patients. More work is required to standardize documented delivery of effective partner notification and a formal policy on HIV testing appears to be effective.
Perception of care quality and ethical sensitivity in surgical nurses
Authors: Mert Boğa Selda , Aydin Sayilan Aylin , Kersu Özlem , Baydemİr Canan
Published: February 2020

Background:

It is stated that high ethical sensitivity positively affects the quality of nursing care. However, the relationship between nursing care quality and ethical sensitivity has not been clearly demonstrated in researches.

Aim:

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between surgical nurses’ care behaviors and their ethical sensitivity.

Method:

The sample of this cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study consists of 308 nurses who worked at the surgical departments in four Turkish hospitals. The data were collected using the “Nurse Description Form” developed by the researcher, “Caring Behaviours Inventory-24” and “Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire.” Data were evaluated by the Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the ethics committee. Verbal and written consent was received from the nurses.

Results:

It was found in the study that nurses’ Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 total score median was 5.25 (4.83–5.58), nurses’ perception level of caring quality was high, median of Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire total score was 89.00 (75.00–101.00) and nurses’ ethical sensitivity was moderate. A negative significant relation was found between nurses’ Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 total score and Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire total score (r = -0.162; p = 0.009). A negative relation was also detected between nurses’ working period at the current clinic and providing benefit (r = -0.147; p = 0.012), holistic approach (r = -0.139; p = 0.018) and orientation (r = -0.175; p = 0.003) scores of Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire sub-scales.

Conclusion:

Nurses’ perception levels of caring quality were high and their ethical sensitivity levels were moderate. It was found out that nurses’ ethical sensitivity increased together with their perception of caring quality, and as their working period at the current clinic increased, the ethical sensitivity also increased in terms of the sub-scales of providing benefit, holistic approach, and orientation. The factors that adversely affect the quality of nursing care and ethical sensitivity should be examined and attempts should be made to improve the working environment.
Assessing the Effects of Rural Electrification on Household Welfare in Nigeria
Authors: Olanrele Iyabo Adeola
Published: February 2020

A rural electrification (RE) strategy was adjudged as a means of extending electricity to unserved and underserved communities to bring about rural transformation and development. This study investigates the effect of Oyo State RE on household welfare indicators such as monthly income and per capita expenditure. Household survey data collected from the Nigerian Institute of Social And Economic Research (NISER) 2017 field survey were employed. Access to grid electricity increases household income by about 1.3 per cent. Although the coefficient was correctly signed, it was not significant. This outcome could be a result of constant electricity supply outages, which is strongly explained by the positive affirmation of 71 per cent of the respondents. Access to grid electricity increases household per capita monthly expenditure by about 6.4 per cent. Expenditure on electricity equally increases monthly per capita expenditure by about 4 per cent and is statistically significant at 1 per cent. Due to rapid decline in the cost of technology, mini-grid and off-grid systems have become viable options for extending electricity access that is more reliable, and hence has more economic benefits.

JEL Classification: I31
Estimation and Projection of Petroleum Demand and Tax Collection from Petroleum Sector in India
Authors: Mukherjee Sacchidananda
Published: February 2020

Taxes from the petroleum sector constitute a significant share in indirect tax collection of the union as well as state governments in India. Understanding prospective revenue from petroleum taxes could help governments in better public finance management. The importance of revenue from the petroleum sector has increased after the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, as fiscal autonomy of the governments (both federal and provincial) to augment tax collection through unilateral policy changes has been curtailed with harmonisation of the tax system. Revenue mobilisation from petroleum taxes is dependent on consumption (sales) of petroleum products, and, therefore, understanding consumption of petroleum products is important to understand prospective revenue from the petroleum sector. The objective of this article is to estimate the petroleum consumption function and revenue (tax collection) function. Based on the estimated functions, we project the petroleum demand and tax collection for the period from 2017–18 to 2024–25.

JEL Classification: H25, Q41, Q47
Provider Perceptions about Hypertension: A Mixed Methods Study in Zambia
Authors: Spies Lori A. , Mulenga Joyce M.
Published: February 2020

Hypertension is the most significant contributor to premature death globally. As embedded providers, nurses have valuable insight on how to improve hypertension outcomes. A sequential mixed-method study was conducted in Zambia to explore provider perceptions of hypertension care and develop contextually relevant education for nurses. The Zambian and US nurse researchers interviewed 15 nurses and provided a hypertension education workshop. Thematic evaluation identified categories of infrastructure and belief & behaviors with a shared subcategory of medication. A statistically significant result was found in the health care providers knowledge and attitude toward hypertension, one of two pre and post-tests analysis ( z = –2.17, p < 0.05, r = –.33) and ( z = -.41, p =.67). Developing efficient and effective solutions to increase hypertension care must be made at the policy level and incorporate locally relevant information. Nurses, who have cultural and contextual expertise, are ideally situated to reach population health goals.