bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis and technology assessment in support of technology development: Putting responsible innovation in practice in a case study for nanotechnology
Authors: van Wezel Annemarie P , van Lente Harro , van de Sandt Johannes JM , Bouwmeester Hans , Vandeberg Rens LJ , Sips Adrienne JAM
Published: September 2017

Governments invest in “key enabling technologies,” such as nanotechnology, to solve societal challenges and boost the economy. At the same time, governmental agencies demand risk reduction to prohibit any often unknown adverse effects, and industrial parties demand smart approaches to reduce uncertainties. Responsible research and innovation (RRI) is therefore a central theme in policy making. Risk analysis and technology assessment, together referred to as “RATA,” can provide a basis to assess human, environmental, and societal risks of new technological developments during the various stages of technological development. This assessment can help both governmental authorities and innovative industry to move forward in a sustainable manner. Here we describe the developed procedures and products and our experiences to bring RATA in practice within a large Dutch nanotechnology consortium. This is an example of how to put responsible innovation in practice as an integrated part of a research program, how to increase awareness of RATA, and how to help technology developers perform and use RATA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:9–16. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points

Risk analysis and technology assessment (RATA) help to assess human, environmental, and societal risks during technological development. We describe our experiences to bring RATA in practice in a large Dutch nanotechnology consortium. As an integrated part of innovation, RATA intensifies interaction among innovators, RATA researchers, and regulators. The approach described might also inspire responsible innovation for other emerging technologies and could be coupled to governmental investments in stimulating technology developments.
Effects of mastery criterion on the emergence of derived equivalence relations
Authors: Fienup Daniel M. , Brodsky Julia
Published: September 2017

In this study, we manipulated mastery criterion form (rolling or block) and stringency (across 6 or 12 trials) and measured the emergence of derived relations. College students learned neuroanatomy equivalence classes and experienced one of two rolling mastery criteria (6 or 12 consecutive correct responses) or a block mastery criterion (12 trials in a block) during training. The study found that block and rolling mastery criteria produced similar outcomes. Effectiveness was hampered when the criterion was less stringent.
Transplantation of Noncultured Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells of Adipose Tissue Ameliorates Osteonecrosis of the Jaw–Like Lesions in Mice
Authors: Kuroshima Shinichiro , Sasaki Muneteru , Nakajima Kazunori , Tamaki Saki , Hayano Hiroki , Sawase Takashi
Published: September 2017

The precise pathoetiology and effective treatment strategies for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) remain unknown. Transplantation of noncultured stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells has been shown to be a useful method for regenerative medicine in place of stem cell therapy. This study investigated the effects of noncultured SVF transplantation on tooth extraction socket healing in mice. Both chemotherapeutic/bisphosphonate combination therapy for 7 weeks and tooth extraction of maxillary first molars at 3 weeks after drug administration were performed using female C57BL/6J mice. Osseous and soft tissue wound healing were validated at 4 weeks postextraction using gross wound healing and histomorphometry. Here, we created a new animal model of high-prevalence ONJ-like lesions that mimic human progression, because human ONJ mainly occurs in female patients taking both chemotherapeutic and bisphosphonate following tooth extraction. Moreover, mice with chemotherapeutic and bisphosphonate combination therapy for 5 weeks received SVF transplantation just after tooth extraction at 3 weeks post–drug administration. Euthanasia was performed at 2 weeks postextraction to assess the transplantation effects on wound healing using gross wound healing, histomorphometry, immunohistomorphometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and microcomputed tomography. We showed that systemic transplantation of noncultured SVF cells ameliorates ONJ-like lesions by improving both osseous and soft tissue healing of tooth extraction sockets. SVF therapy significantly increased blood vessels and the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages. In addition, SVF transplantation reduced the increases in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive (TRAP+) mononuclear cells (MNCs) and nonattached osteoclasts from the bone surface, which were significantly detected in the connective tissue of tooth extraction sockets and bone marrow by chemotherapeutic/bisphosphonate combination therapy. Our findings suggest that transplantation of noncultured SVF cells is a suitable treatment for BRONJ. Abnormal TRAP+ MNCs and nonattached osteoclasts in systemic and local environments may contribute to the development of BRONJ. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Abstract

(A) Cyclophosphamide (CY) and bisphosphonate (ZA) combination therapy (CY/ZA) induced BRONJ-like lesions with impaired osseous and compromised soft tissue healing of tooth extraction sockets, as compared with VC (saline) administration in C57B6/J mice. (B) Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from inguinal fad pad by enzymatic treatment and centrifugation were transplanted into mice with ONJ-like lesions. (C) Transplantation of SVF cells ameliorate BRONJ-like lesions with promoted osseous wound healing and improved soft tissue healing.
The impact of some natural phenolic compounds on carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α‐glycosidase enzymes: An antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antiepileptic study
Authors: Taslimi Parham , Caglayan Cuneyt , Gulcin İlhami
Published: September 2017

Natural products from food and plant sources have been used for medicinal usage for ages. Also, natural products with therapeutic significance are compounds derived from animals, plants, or any microorganism. In this study, chrysin, carvacrol, hesperidin, zingerone, and naringin as natural phenols showed excellent inhibitory effects against human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms I and II (hCA I and II), α‐glucosidase (α‐Gly), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These phenolic compounds were tested for the inhibition of α‐glycosidase, hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE enzymes and demonstrated efficient inhibition profiles with Ki values in the range of 3.70 ± 0.92–79.66 ± 20.81 nM against hCA I, 2.98 ± 0.33–84.88 ± 40.32 nM against hCA II, 4.93 ± 2.01–593.60 ± 134.74 nM against α‐Gly, 0.52 ± 0.18–46.80 ± 17.15 nM against AChE, and 1.25 ± 0.22–32.08 ± 2.68 against BChE.
On the number of minimal separators in graphs
Authors: Gaspers Serge , Mackenzie Simon
Published: September 2017

Weconsider the largest number of minimal separators a graph on n vertices can have.

We give a new proof that this number is in .

We prove that this number is in , improving on the previous best lower bound of .

This gives also an improved lower bound on the number of potential maximal cliques in a graph. We would like to emphasize that our proofs are short, simple, and elementary.
8000 years of North Atlantic storminess reconstructed from a Scottish peat record: implications for Holocene atmospheric circulation patterns in Western Europe
Authors: Stewart H. , Bradwell T. , Bullard J. , Davies S. J. , Golledge N. , McCulloch R. D.
Published: September 2017

North Atlantic storminess can affect human settlements, infrastructure and transport links, all of which strongly impact local, national and global economies. An increase in storm frequency and intensity is predicted over the North‐East Atlantic in the 21st century because of a northward shift in storm tracks and a persistently positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), driven by recent atmospheric warming. Although documentary records of North Atlantic storminess exist, these are generally limited to the last c. 1000 years. This paper presents a continuous high‐resolution proxy record of storminess spanning the last 8000 years from a 6 m‐long core taken from a peat bog in northern Scotland. Bromine concentrations in the peat, derived from sea spray, are used to reconstruct storm frequency and storm intensity, and mire surface wetness is used as an indicator of longer‐term climate shifts. The results suggest a relationship between positive phases of the NAO and increased North Atlantic storminess. However, subtle differences between bromine concentrations and mire surface wetness suggest that high‐intensity but perhaps less frequent periods of storminess are not necessarily associated with a wetter climate.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Doped with Inorganic Salts
Authors: Yu Bin , Mao Mengye , Yu Hao , Huang Tao , Zuo Weiwei , Wang Hongzhi , Zhu Meifang
Published: September 2017

A novel approach to preparing electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers is proposed, with high piezoelectric performance. PVDF nanofibers are doped with inorganic salts without the use of any postpolarization treatment. Twenty‐six salts are doped into the nanofibers and their piezoelectric properties are studied. The salts are classified into three groups based on their differing piezoelectric enhancement effects. A piezoelectric nanogenerator fabricated with an optimized electrospun PVDF nanofiber mat shows a piezovoltage seven times greater than that of a device based on undoped nanofibers. The simple and low‐cost approach to fabricate these piezoelectric nanofiber mats may broaden the range of industrial applications of these materials in energy‐harvesting devices and portable sensors.
Anatomy and evolution of database search engines—a central component of mass spectrometry based proteomic workflows
Authors: Verheggen Kenneth , Ræder Helge , Berven Frode S. , Martens Lennart , Barsnes Harald , Vaudel Marc
Published: September 2017

Sequence database search engines are bioinformatics algorithms that identify peptides from tandem mass spectra using a reference protein sequence database. Two decades of development, notably driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have provided scientists with more than 30 published search engines, each with its own properties. In this review, we present the common paradigm behind the different implementations, and its limitations for modern mass spectrometry datasets. We also detail how the search engines attempt to alleviate these limitations, and provide an overview of the different software frameworks available to the researcher. Finally, we highlight alternative approaches for the identification of proteomic mass spectrometry datasets, either as a replacement for, or as a complement to, sequence database search engines.
Learning‐based deformable registration for infant MRI by integrating random forest with auto‐context model
Authors: Wei Lifang , Cao Xiaohuan , Wang Zhensong , Gao Yaozong , Hu Shunbo , Wang Li , Wu Guorong , Shen Dinggang
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Accurately analyzing the rapid structural evolution of human brain in the first year of life is a key step in early brain development studies, which requires accurate deformable image registration. However, due to (a) dynamic appearance and (b) large anatomical changes, very few methods in the literature can work well for the registration of two infant brain MR images acquired at two arbitrary development phases, such as birth and one‐year‐old.

Methods

To address these challenging issues, we propose a learning‐based registration method, which can handle the anatomical structures and the appearance changes between the two infant brain MR images with possible time gap. Specifically, in the training stage, we employ a multioutput random forest regression and auto‐context model to learn the evolution of anatomical shape and appearance from a training set of longitudinal infant images. To make the learning procedure more robust, we further harness the multimodal MR imaging information. Then, in the testing stage, for registering the two new infant images scanned at two different development phases, the learned model will be used to predict both the deformation field and appearance changes between the images under registration. After that, it becomes much easier to deploy any conventional image registration method to complete the remaining registration since the above‐mentioned challenges for state‐of‐the‐art registration methods have been well addressed.

Results

We have applied our proposed registration method to intersubject registration of infant brain MR images acquired at 2‐week‐old, 3‐month‐old, 6‐month‐old, and 9‐month‐old with the images acquired at 12‐month‐old. Promising registration results have been achieved in terms of registration accuracy, compared with the counterpart nonlearning based registration methods.

Conclusions

The proposed new learning‐based registration method have tackled the challenging issues in registering infant brain images acquired from the first year of life, by leveraging the multioutput random forest regression with auto‐context model, which can learn the evolution of shape and appearance from a training set of longitudinal infant images. Thus, for the new infant image, its deformation field to the template and also its template‐like appearances can be predicted by the learned models. We have extensively compared our method with state‐of‐the‐art deformable registration methods, as well as multiple variants of our method, which show that our method can achieve higher accuracy even for the difficult cases with large appearance and shape changes between subject and template images.
Partitioning k‐space for cylindrical three‐dimensional rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement imaging in the mouse brain
Authors: Spencer Noakes T. Leigh , Henkelman R. Mark , Nieman Brian J.
Published: September 2017

Three‐dimensional rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) scans require the assignment of each phase encode step in two dimensions to an echo in the echo train. Although this assignment is frequently made across the entire Cartesian grid, collection of only the central cylinder of k‐space by eliminating the corners in each phase encode dimension reduces the scan time by ~22% with negligible impact on image quality. The recipe for the assignment of echoes to grid points for such an acquisition is less straightforward than for the simple full Cartesian acquisition case, and has important implications for image quality. We explored several methods of partitioning k‐space—exploiting angular symmetry in one extreme or emulating a cropped Cartesian acquisition in the other—and acquired three‐dimensional RARE magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the ex vivo mouse brain. We evaluated each partitioning method for sensitivity to artifacts and then further considered strategies to minimize these through averaging or interleaving of echoes and by empirical phase correction. All scans were collected 16 at a time with multiple‐mouse MRI. Although all schemes considered could be used to generate images, the results indicate that the emulation of a standard Cartesian echo assignment, by partitioning preferentially along one dimension within the cylinder, is more robust to artifacts. Samples at the periphery of the bore showed larger phase deviations and higher sensitivity to artifacts, but images of good quality could still be obtained with an optimized acquisition protocol. A protocol for high‐resolution (40 μm) ex vivo images using this approach is presented, and has been used routinely with a success rate of 99% in over 1000 images.
Rendezvous‐based access control for information‐centric architectures
Authors: Fotiou Nikos , Alzahrani Bander A.
Published: September 2017

Information‐centric networking (ICN) has been in the spotlight of many research efforts as it shifts the focus from (endpoint) locations to content items themselves. By leveraging content centrism and by using content and content names as the main pillar of all (inter‐)networking functions, ICN architectures are expected to overcome many of the limitations of the current Internet architecture. Information‐centric networking paradigm also advocates a shift in security solutions: Instead of securing the communication channel, ICN security solutions should secure the content itself. Therefore, end users should be able to access content stored in various locations in the network—even unsecured—in a private and secure way. Similarly, content owners should not lose the governance of their content items, no matter the network location where they are stored. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate an access control delegation mechanism for the publish‐subscribe Internet architecture. Our solution does not introduce any new entity; instead it allows semitrusted publish‐subscribe Internet rendezvous points to enforce access control policies. Moreover, our solution leverages identity‐based proxy re‐encryption to protect content confidentiality in the presences of malicious publishers, ie, nodes that host content items and do not respect the access control decisions of the rendezvous point.
Social media, an emerging platform for relationship building: A study of engagement with nongovernment organizations in India
Authors: Tripathi Siddharth , Verma Sanjeev
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the major determinants of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) engagement and relationship building on social media in India. Netnography with a metaphoric grounded analysis is used for the data analysis to identify these determinants, and a conceptual framework is proposed to inform the strategic direction of NGOs. The findings suggest that supporters engage with NGOs largely for personal and organizational reasons. Emotions, trust, and information needs emerge as the primary personal drivers for engagement, whereas organizational accountability, performance, brand image, and transparency emerge as organizational drivers. Behavioural intention mediates the relationship between the drivers of engagement and supporter contributions. The study suggests that as the number of supporters on social media platforms is rapidly increasing, NGOs should recognize the importance of the supporter experience while designing their marketing strategies. Given the peculiarity of supporter behaviour in relationship building by NGOs, the inclusion of more supporters may improve the welfare of society.
Reduced‐toxicity alternate‐donor stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide for primary immunodeficiency disorders
Authors: Rastogi Neha , Katewa Satyendra , Thakkar Dhwanee , Kohli Shruti , Nivargi Sagar , Yadav Satya Prakash
Published: September 2017

We describe here the outcomes of reduced‐toxicity alternate‐donor stem cell transplant (SCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) in eight children (haploidentical—seven and matched unrelated donor—one). The conditioning was with serotherapy (alemtuzumab‐3/rabbit‐anti‐thymoglobulin‐5); fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation‐5 (additional thiotepa‐3); fludarabine and treosulfan‐2; and fludarabine and busulfan‐1. All received PTCy 50 mg/kg on days 3 and 4 as graft versus host disease prophylaxis along with tacrolimus and mycophenolate. Mean CD34 dose was 13.8 × 106/kg. Two children died because of PIDs. Acute graft versus host disease up to grades I and II was seen in three children. All six survivors are fully donor and disease free at median follow‐up of 753 days. Alternate donor SCT with PTCy is feasible in PID and has good outcomes.
Antimicrobial stewardship in paediatric oncology: Impact on optimising gentamicin use in febrile neutropenia
Authors: Hennig Stefanie , Staatz Christine E. , Natanek Daniel , Bialkowski Sabina , Consuelo Llanos Paez Carolina , Lawson Rachael , Clark Julia
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention, involving introduction of new guidelines on the treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN), on improving the use of gentamicin in paediatric oncology patients.

Design and intervention

Updated guidelines for gentamicin usage in paediatrics with FN were implemented at a tertiary children's teaching hospital, in Brisbane, Australia. Data on gentamicin usage before and after the guideline change were collected retrospectively from children with cancer admitted to hospital with FN between January 2012 and December 2013. Gentamicin use, duration of gentamicin therapy and therapeutic monitoring practice were compared against bacterial culture status for admissions before and after the guideline change to assess the impact on practice.

Results

Data were collected from 227 children corresponding to 453 separate admissions, 195 preguideline and 257 post‐guideline change. Following guideline change, the proportion of admissions in which gentamicin was administered reduced from 79.0 to 20.9% (P‐value < 0.001) and administrations not associated with a cultured Gram‐negative organism dropped from 87.2 to 58.2% (P‐value < 0.001), indicating a change in practice according to the new guideline. Following guideline change, admissions in which gentamicin was used for >48 hr despite the absence of a confirmed Gram‐negative infection decreased from 85.6 to 46.9% (P‐value < 0.001).

Conclusions

Guideline changes driven through an AMS initiative involving paediatric oncology patients significantly improved targeted‐ and nontargeted‐antimicrobial use potentially reducing the risk of emergence of resistance against gentamicin in this cohort.
Improved protein contact predictions with the MetaPSICOV2 server in CASP12
Authors: Buchan Daniel W A , Jones David T
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we present the results for the MetaPSICOV2 contact prediction server in the CASP12 community experiment (http://predictioncenter.org). Over the 35 assessed Free Modelling target domains the MetaPSICOV2 server achieved a mean precision of 43.27%, a substantial increase relative to the server's performance in the CASP11 experiment. In the following paper, we discuss improvements to the MetaPSICOV2 server, covering both changes to the neural network and attempts to integrate contact predictions on a domain basis into the prediction pipeline. We also discuss some limitations in the CASP12 assessment which may have overestimated the performance of our method.
New EWMA control charts for monitoring process dispersion using auxiliary information
Authors: Haq Abdul
Published: September 2017

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is a well‐known statistical process monitoring tool because of its exceptional pace in catching infrequent variations in the process parameter(s). In this paper, we propose new EWMA charts using the auxiliary information for efficiently monitoring the process dispersion, named the auxiliary‐information–based (AIB) EWMA (AIB‐EWMA) charts. These AIB‐EWMA charts are based on the regression estimators that require information on the quality characteristic under study as well as on any related auxiliary characteristic. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation are used to compute and study the run length profiles of the AIB‐EWMA charts. The proposed charts are comprehensively compared with a recent powerful EWMA chart—which has been shown to be better than the existing EWMA charts—and an existing AIB‐Shewhart chart. It turns out that the proposed charts perform uniformly better than the existing charts. An illustrative example is also given to explain the implementation and working of the AIB‐EWMA charts.
The flexural and tribological properties of UHMWPE composite filled with plasma surface‐treated wood fibers
Authors: Du Gang , Liu Aijun
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the wear performance of an ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene composites filled with wood fiber were studied using a pin‐on‐disc method. The effects of surface treatment of wood fiber and sliding load and on the friction and wear of the wood fiber/UHMWPE composite are reported. The test results showed that the sliding load is an important controlling factor; its effect is diminished when the wood fiber is modified.
Stoichiometric Control of Electrocatalytic Amorphous Nickel Phosphide to Increase Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity and Stability in Acidic Medium
Authors: Wasalathanthri Ruwani N. , Jeffrey Samuel , Su Naheya , Sun Kai , Giolando Dean M.
Published: September 2017

This work describes the electrocatalysis of amorphous nickel phosphide (Ni‐P) electrodeposited onto copper metal foil, for its use as a non‐noble metal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4. Although electrodeposition offers many advantages over conventional high temperature and high pressure fabrication techniques, there are very few reports on the preparation of Ni‐P electrocatalysts via electrodeposition. This Ni‐P electrocatalyst exhibits good activity in acidic medium, with a potential of –222 mV to achieve 10 mA cm–2 cathodic current density. This potential is comparable to that of electrodeposited Pt black (–104 mV), and much better than that of electrodeposited Ni (–480 mV). An unusual long‐term stability in acidic medium was demonstrated by the –222 mV potential remaining constant after 5000 cyclic voltammetric sweeps in 0.5 M H2SO4. Importantly, the stoichiometry of the nickel phosphide films can be easily varied from an atomic % of phosphorus from 15 % to as high as 24 % by modifications to the electrodeposition conditions. Such a high phosphorous loading is greater than is generally reported with electrodeposited Ni‐P materials. In addition, we observed Ni‐P films electrodeposited at lower temperatures (∼ 3 °C) result in higher phosphorous loading, which gives rise to enhanced stability as well as activity. Electrodeposited amorphous Ni‐P can therefore be used as an active, stable and Earth‐abundant metal catalyst for the HER in acidic electrolytes.
Diastereoselective Carbamate Annulation for the Synthesis of 2,5‐Dideoxy‐2,5‐iminoglycitols
Authors: Hunt‐Painter Alex A. , Moggré Gert‐Jan , Tyler Peter C. , Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M.
Published: September 2017

A combination of the Vasella‐reductive‐amination and carbamate annulation reactions was applied on a ketose starting material for the diastereoselective total synthesis of 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐glycitols. The synthesis of 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐l‐iditol (4) was particularly expedient (6 steps and 18% overall yield) as the route minimises the use of protecting groups, thereby reducing the number of synthetic steps and increasing the overall yield. The Vasella reductive amination methodology could be readily applied to the amination of ketones, albeit with moderate diastereoselectivity. However, the I2‐mediated carbamate annulation strongly favours the formation of pyrrolidines with the 2,5‐trans and 4,5‐cis relationships. The highly diastereoselective carbamate annulation thus provided a general means by which to synthesise 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐glycitols of defined stereochemistry.
Myoglobin and Polydopamine‐Engineered Raman Nanoprobes for Detecting, Imaging, and Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Samples and Living Cells
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Kumar Amit , Kim Gyeong‐Hwan , Rhim Won‐Kyu , Hartman Kevin L. , Nam Jwa‐Min
Published: September 2017

Highly reliable detection, imaging, and monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for understanding and studying the biological roles and pathogenesis of ROS. This study describes the design and synthesis of myoglobin and polydopamine‐engineered surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (MP‐SERS) nanoprobes with strong, tunable SERS signals that allow for specifically detecting and imaging ROS sensitively and quantitatively. The study shows that a polydopamine nanolayer can facilitate the modification of Raman‐active myoglobins and satellite Au nanoparticles (s‐AuNPs) to a plasmonic core AuNP (c‐AuNP) in a controllable manner and the generation of plasmonically coupled hot spots between a c‐AuNP and s‐AuNPs that can induce strong SERS signals. The six‐coordinated Fe(III)‐OH2 of myoglobins in plasmonic hotspots is reacted with ROS (H2O2, •OH, and O2−) to form Fe(IV)O. The characteristic Raman peaks of Fe(IV)O from the Fe‐porphyrin is used to analyze and quantify ROS. This chemistry allows for these probes to detect ROS in solution and image ROS in cells in a highly designable, specific, and sensitive manner. This work shows that these MP‐SERS probes allow for detecting and imaging ROS to differentiate cancerous cells from noncancerous cells. Importantly, for the first time, SERS‐based monitoring of the autophagy process in living cells under starvation conditions is validated.
Cellulose‐Based Nanomaterials for Energy Applications
Authors: Wang Xudong , Yao Chunhua , Wang Fei , Li Zhaodong
Published: September 2017

Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, providing a sustainable green resource that is renewable, degradable, biocompatible, and cost effective. Recently, nanocellulose‐based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and networks are increasingly developed and used in photovoltaic devices, energy storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalysts components, showing tremendous materials science value and application potential in many energy‐related fields. In this Review, the most recent advancements of processing, integration, and application of cellulose nanomaterials in the areas of solar energy harvesting, energy storage, and mechanical energy harvesting are reviewed. For solar energy harvesting, promising applications of cellulose‐based nanostructures for both solar cells and photoelectrochemical electrodes development are reviewed, and their morphology‐related merits are discussed. For energy storage, the discussion is primarily focused on the applications of cellulose‐based nanomaterials in lithium‐ion batteries, including electrodes (e.g., active materials, binders, and structural support), electrolytes, and separators. Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in supercapacitors are also reviewed briefly. For mechanical energy harvesting, the most recent technology evolution in cellulose‐based triboelectric nanogenerators is reviewed, from fundamental property tuning to practical implementations. At last, the future research potential and opportunities of cellulose nanomaterials as a new energy material are discussed.
Direct Evidence on Sticky Information from the Revision Behavior of Professional Forecasters
Authors: Mitchell Karlyn , Pearce Douglas K.
Published: September 2017

We provide evidence on the sticky‐information model of Mankiw and Reis () by examining how often individual professional forecasters revise their forecasts. We draw interest rate and unemployment rate forecasts from the monthly Wall Street Journal surveys. We find evidence that forecasters frequently leave forecasts unchanged but revise more often the larger the changes in the information set; additionally, the information sensitivity of revision frequencies increased after 2007. We also find that, on average, forecasters in our sample revise more frequently than found in previous research but that revised forecasts are not consistently more accurate.
Composing annotations without regret? Practical experiences using FeatureC
Authors: Krüger Jacob , Pinnecke Marcus , Kenner Andy , Kruczek Christopher , Benduhn Fabian , Leich Thomas , Saake Gunter
Published: September 2017

Software product lines enable developers to derive similar products from a common code base. Existing implementation techniques can be categorized as composition‐based and annotation‐based approaches, with both approaches promising complementary benefits. However, annotation‐based approaches are commonly used in practice despite composition allowing physical separation of features and, thus, improving traceability and maintenance. A main hindrance to migrate annotated systems toward a composition‐based product line is the challenging and time‐consuming transformation task. For a company, it is difficult to predict the corresponding costs, and a successful outcome is uncertain. To overcome such problems, a solution proposed by the previous work is to use a hybrid approach, utilizing composition and annotation simultaneously. Based on this idea, we introduce a stepwise migration process from annotation‐based toward composition‐based approaches to lower the adoption barrier of composition. This process itself is independent of used implementation techniques and enables developers to incrementally migrate toward composition. We support our approach with detailed examples by partially migrating a real‐world system. In detail, we describe the following: (1) our migration process, (2) its application on a real‐world system, and (3) discuss practical challenges we face. We implemented the proposed approach and show that appropriate tool support helps to migrate toward composition‐based product lines. Based on the case study, we show that the hybrid product lines work correctly and can compete with the performance of the original annotated system. However, the results also illustrate open issues that have to be solved to apply such migrations in practice.
How Do You Intentionally Design to Maximize Success in the Academically Diverse Classroom?
Authors: Chandler Renee , Zaloudek Julie A. , Carlson Kitrina
Published: September 2017

Addressing academic diversity in today's college classroom is challenging. This chapter explores Universal Design for Learning as a viable framework for removing barriers for all students in higher education.
Decarbonizing the transportation sector: policy options, synergies, and institutions to deliver on a low‐carbon stabilization pathway
Authors: Lah Oliver
Published: September 2017

This paper outlines the key elements of a low‐carbon stabilization pathway for land transport, focusing on the potential of key policy measures at the local and national level, opportunities for synergies of sustainable development and climate change objectives, and governance and institutional issues affecting the implementation of measures. It combines several approaches to provide an integrated view on the decarbonization of the transport sector based on recent literature. It will assess the quantitative basis potential climate change mitigation pathways and will then look into policy and institutional aspects that relate to the feasibility of these pathways. This combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to measure the potential, options, and feasibility of climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector aims to synthesize recent papers on the subject and draw conclusions for future research. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e257. doi: 10.1002/wene.257

This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy

Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Referrals to Mental Health Services: Exploring the Referral Process in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Cunningham Mitchell , Morreale Mary , Trepanier Angela
Published: September 2017

Genetic counselors (GCs) are trained to identify and attend to distress; however, GCs may have patients with distress better managed by mental health professionals (MHPs). To understand the GCs’ role in mental health care, we explored patient cues prompting GCs to refer to MHPs and where GCs thought their expertise in managing patient distress ended. We recruited GCs who have referred a patient for mental health services within the last year to participate in an interview study. A twelve‐question interview guide explored GC demographics, reasons for referrals to MHPs, the obstacles to referrals, and perceived differences in counseling competencies between GCs and MHPs. Twenty‐eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach, consisting of reading a subset of transcripts and assigning codes to meaningful segments of text. Common reasons for referral included the GC's perception of the patient having limited social support, or when the patient indicated significant anxiety related to their at‐risk status or recent diagnosis. GCs felt they referred when they were limited by time and training to provide adequate psychosocial services. The participants in this study acknowledged that their scope of practice is limited to short‐term, client‐centered counseling. Our findings are a first step in helping increase GCs’ awareness of factors that contribute to the referral process to MHPs.
Longitudinal Study of Stable Isotope Compositions of Maternal Milk and Implications for the Palaeo-Diet of Infants
Authors: Herrscher E. , Goude G. , Metz L.
Published: September 2017

The classic interpretation of stable isotope data from young children in an archaeological context is based on the hypothesis that the nitrogen isotope ratios present in breast milk remain identical throughout the breastfeeding period. This exploratory study assesses the changes in the nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in maternal milk and in the nails of the mother and child, with the aim to evaluate the impact of variations in the stable isotope ratios in maternal milk on the tissues of children, and consequently on the reconstruction of the palaeo-diet of young children. The results show that the isotopic composition of maternal milk diminishes in relation to the mother's tissues like nails and, by extrapolation, bones. The δ15N values of the milk vary little during the weeks of breastfeeding, but this is not the case for carbon, which varies considerably during the course of breastfeeding and weaning and does not seem to be linked to the mother's diet and/or to the height and weight of the child. The difference between the δ15N values recorded for the mother's and child's nails is less than 2‰, which is lower than the values often cited in bioarchaeological literature. In addition, the data from this study does not confirm the hypothesis of a significant increase in heavy isotopes in the nails of newborn babies in relation to those of their mother at childbirth.
Identity Change Among Ethno-Religious Border Crossers: The Case of the Former Amish
Authors: Faulkner Caroline L.
Published: September 2017

The present study explores identity among the former Amish. While sociologists of religion have long been interested in religious identity, there has been less attention to religious identities among those who cross religious borders. Much of the literature suggests that individuals abandon former religious identities, including ethno-religious ones, when they join a new religious denomination (e.g., Sandomirsky and Wilson in Soc Forces 68:1211–1229, 1990 ; Sherkat and Wilson in Soc Forces 73:993–1026, 1995 ). While scholarship on the Jewish case challenges this assumption (e.g., Phillips and Kelner in Soc Relig 67:507–524, 2006 ; Sharot in Contemp Jew 18:25–43, 1997 ), research on other religious groups has largely overlooked these insights. This study extend insights from the Jewish case by examining holdover identities among the former Amish and comparing them with the former Ultra-Orthodox Jewish case, making use of Davidman's (Becoming un-orthodox: stories of ex-Hasidic Jews, Oxford University Press, New York, 2014 ) research. Analysis of in-depth interviews with 59 former Amish adults reveals that, while those who have left the Amish no longer define themselves as religiously Amish, they do not abandon their Amish identities entirely. Instead, they reconstruct the meanings of their Amishness in varied ways in their non-Amish contexts. Comparison of these patterns with former Ultra-Orthodox Jews illuminates contextual factors, including the Amish practice of adult baptism and differing normative conceptions of Amish and Jewish identities, that contribute to variation in holdover identities across these cases. Altogether, these results suggest that ethno-religious identities are not mutually exclusive of other denominational identities and support the conceptualization of religious identities as complex, multilayered, and constructed in particular contexts in interaction with existing notions about religious groups.
Voluntary changes in accounting principle: Literature review, descriptive data, and opportunities for future research
Authors: Keune Marsha B. , Keune Timothy M. , Quick Linda A.
Published: September 2017

Voluntary changes in accounting principle represent explicit and fundamental decisions by managers to exercise accounting discretion. This paper develops an organizing framework to review prior literature on voluntary changes, provides descriptive insights on contemporary changes, and identifies opportunities for future research on voluntary changes. The voluntary change literature is robust and has examined many questions using data prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). We find that contemporary voluntary changes often vary across the pre-SOX, post-SOX, and post-SFAS No. 154 periods by the materiality of their income effect, issue type, and justifications provided by managers, suggesting that manager use of voluntary changes has evolved over time. Our future research opportunities consider potential determinants of voluntary changes including strategic incentives, environmental conditions, and manager characteristics, as well as the potential direct or moderating role of corporate governance and auditors on manager use of voluntary changes. They also consider user reactions to voluntary changes. By providing insight into both extant voluntary change research and the contemporary use of voluntary changes, our study informs standards setters who grant managers the ability to exercise this form of accounting discretion, as well as researchers who plan to study accounting choice through voluntary changes.
Highs and lows: Naturalistic changes in mood and everyday hassles over school and vacation periods in adolescents
Authors: Verma Sumedha , Allen Nicholas B. , Trinder John , Bei Bei
Published: September 2017

This study investigated changes in adolescents' mood and everyday hassles across school‐terms and vacation periods. 146 (52.7% female) community‐dwelling adolescents aged 16.2 ± 1.0 years (M±SD) completed self‐report measures on depression, anxiety, and everyday hassles at four time points: during a school vacation, and the start, middle, and end of school‐terms. Latent growth modeling showed that the end of a school‐term was associated with significantly higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hassles; these measures were lower during the vacation. Hassles were strongly associated with more negative mood at all times. Our findings suggest significant fluctuations in adolescent mood and everyday hassles across school‐vacation cycles. These findings call for careful consideration and reporting of timing in mood and stress assessment in adolescent research, as school‐vacation cycles may have strong influence on both. Naturalistic changes in mood over school‐vacation cycles reported are also clinically informative for designing and delivering adolescent wellbeing programs.
Red Fighting Blue
Authors: Hopkins David A.
Published: September 2017

The national electoral map has split into warring regional bastions of Republican red and Democratic blue, producing a deep and enduring partisan divide in American politics. In Red Fighting Blue, David A. Hopkins places the current partisan and electoral era in historical context, explains how the increased salience of social issues since the 1980s has redefined the parties' geographic bases of support, and reveals the critical role that American political institutions play in intermediating between the behavior of citizens and the outcome of public policy-making. The widening geographic gap in voters' partisan preferences, as magnified further by winner-take-all electoral rules, has rendered most of the nation safe territory for either Democratic or Republican candidates in both presidential and congressional elections - with significant consequences for party competition, candidate strategy, and the operation of government.
Inside Mathforum.org
Authors: Shumar Wesley
Published: September 2017

The internet has dramatically transformed social space and time for many people in many different contexts. This dramatic warping of the social fabric has happened slowly over time as digital technologies have evolved and internet speeds have increased. While we are all aware of these changes, the impact is often little understood. There are few monographs about social groups made possible by the internet, and even fewer about educational communities made possible through digital technologies. Inside Mathforum.org details the ways that digital media are used to enhance the practices that teachers and students of mathematics engage in. The book also shows how different kinds of mathematical conversations and interactions become possible through the digital media. Unlike many other educational uses of digital media, the Math Forum's community has provided online resources and sustained support for teachers and students, and it leads the way in showing the power of digital media for education.
The impact of social media promotion with infographics and podcasts on research dissemination and readership
Authors: Thoma Brent , Murray Heather , Huang Simon York Ming , Milne William Ken , Martin Lynsey J. , Bond Christopher M. , Mohindra Rohit , Chin Alvin , Yeh Calvin H. , Sanderson William B. , Chan Teresa M.
Published: September 2017

Objective

In 2015 and 2016, the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine (CJEM) Social Media (SoMe) Team collaborated with established medical websites to promote CJEM articles using podcasts and infographics while tracking dissemination and readership.

Methods

CJEM publications in the “Original Research” and “State of the Art” sections were selected by the SoMe Team for podcast and infographic promotion based on their perceived interest to emergency physicians. A control group was composed retrospectively of articles from the 2015 and 2016 issues with the highest Altmetric score that received standard Facebook and Twitter promotions. Studies on SoMe topics were excluded. Dissemination was quantified by January 1, 2017 Altmetric scores. Readership was measured by abstract and full-text views over a 3-month period. The number needed to view (NNV) was calculated by dividing abstract views by full-text views.

Results

Twenty-nine of 88 articles that met inclusion were included in the podcast (6), infographic (11), and control (12) groups. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval) were calculated for podcast (Altmetric: 61, 42-80; Abstract: 1795, 1135-2455; Full-text: 431, 0-1031), infographic (Altmetric: 31.5, 19-43; Abstract: 590, 361-819; Full-text: 65, 33-98), and control (Altmetric: 12, 8-15; Abstract: 257, 159-354; Full-Text: 73, 38-109) articles. The NNV was 4.2 for podcast, 9.0 for infographic, and 3.5 for control articles.

Discussion

Limitations included selection bias, the influence of SoMe promotion on the Altmetric scores, and a lack of generalizability to other journals.

Conclusion

Collaboration with established SoMe websites using podcasts and infographics was associated with increased Altmetric scores and abstract views but not full-text article views.