bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update Breast Cancer 2020 Part 4 – Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Tesch Hans , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Hartkopf Andreas , Thill Marc , Huober Jens , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Schulmeyer Carla E. , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Fehm Tanja N. , Lux Michael P. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Lüftner Diana , Janni Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Substances with good effectiveness that intervene in specific signalling pathways have been used increasingly in recent years in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer, and new therapies and approaches have now been added, which actually relate to quite specific changes, such as the treatment of patients with HR+/HER2 tumours with a PIK3CA mutation. The treatment of patients with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has also been improved by the introduction of PARP inhibitors. Attempts are now being made increasingly to extend treatment indications based on molecular patterns, to identify other patients who could benefit from a treatment and to integrate the newly established treatment methods in existing therapy sequences. This review articles summarises the latest information in this connection.
Differentiating Enteroviral Meningitis from Bacterial Meningitis in Neonates
Authors: Luherne Vincent , Gromand Marie , Traversier Nicolas , Harrikaran-Biland Shelley , Alessandri Jean-Luc , Robin Stephanie , Ramful Duksha
Published: November 2020

Objective To compare the demographical, clinical and laboratory features, and outcomes of neonates with enteroviral meningitis (EVM) with those with bacterial meningitis (BM).

Methods A retrospective two-center study was performed in La Réunion Island between January 2008 and December 2018 in hospitalized neonates aged less than 29 days. Patients positive for enterovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were diagnosed with EVM. Neonates with positive CSF culture results for a potentially pathogenic bacterium were diagnosed with BM.

Results Compared with their EVM peers (n = 20), BM-infected neonates (n = 14) had lower birth weight, and were more likely to present hypotension and neurological symptoms on admission. Thrombocytopenia, elevated serum procalcitonin, hyperproteinorachia, hypoglycorrhachia, CSF pleocytosis, a bacterial meningitis score >0 were more frequent in the BM-infected group. All BM-infected neonates had at least one abnormal cutoff value in the CSF, while nine neonates (45%) in the EVM group had no CSF abnormality (p = 0.004). BM-infected neonates also had a longer length of hospital stay, needed more supportive care, received more prolonged antimicrobial courses, and developed respiratory and neurological complications.

Conclusion Recognition of some clinical and laboratory features can help clinicians in differentiating BM from EVM when managing this high-risk patient group.
Origin of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections Caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in Critical Neonates
Authors: Resende Daiane Silva , Queiroz Lícia Ludendorff , de Campos Paola Amaral , Gontijo-Filho Paulo Pinto , Araújo Bruna Fuga , de Brito Cristiane Silveira , Urzedo Jane Eire , Ribas Rosineide Marques
Published: November 2020

Bloodstream infection (BSI) remains the most frequent adverse event among premature infants worldwide, associated with increased hospital stay length and costs, poor outcomes, and even death. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) by Staphylococcus epidermidis in critical neonates, using molecular biology techniques. This was an observational study comprising neonates presenting BSI using central venous catheters (CVCs) for over 24 hours. Skin cultures obtained from the catheter insertion site, CVC hub, and neonate nasal and intestinal mucosa, were performed weekly from 48 hours from the beginning of the invasive procedure, as well as from the tip of the CVC after its withdrawal. Quantitative cultures were also performed of the tip with modifications and the “roll-plate” technique. Isolates identification were obtained using a VITEK II automated system. Molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine the origin of all BSIs. Among 19 primary BSI caused by S. epidermidis, BSI origin was defined in only 21.1% of the cases, where one was characterized as definite intraluminal, two as definite extraluminal, and one as translocation. Origin was indeterminate in 78.9% of the cases analyzed by PFGE. A total of 27 different genotype profiles were obtained. The spread of a prevalent clone in the unit (clone A) was detected in 28.6% of the samples. Most BSIs related to catheter caused by S. epidermidis were not able to prove the origin of most microorganisms present in neonate blood, demonstrating the difficulty in determining it in this population of patients. The lack of a better explanation of the origin of CR-BSI in neonates limits the direction of specific intervention measures.
Supercapacitor performance of 3D-graphene/MnO2 foam synthesized via the combination of chemical vapor deposition with hydrothermal method
Authors: Bai Xian-Lin , Gao Yan-Li , Gao Zhao-Yang , Ma Jing-Yao , Tong Xing-Lin , Sun Hai-Bin , Wang Jin An
Published: November 2020

In this paper, in situ synthesis of 3D-graphene/MnO2 foam composite using the combination of chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal method was reported for producing highly efficient graphene/metal oxide-based hybrid supercapacitors. The in situ conformal growth of 3D-graphene/MnO2 composite exhibited high crystallinity and low contact resistance, thereby improving the charge transport efficiency of the electrolyte. Compared with the previously described MnO2-based counterparts, the porous structure of the 3D conductive graphene foam permitted electrolyte ions to rapidly move around the surface of MnO2. In the supercapacitor, the 3D-graphene/MnO2 composite electrode in the absence of carbon black showed high specific capacitance (333.4 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) with excellent cycling stability. This technical approach for fabrication of 3D-graphene/MnO2 composite provides a promising means in the production of energy storage electrode materials for designing high performance supercapacitor devices.
Featureless adaptive optimization accelerates functional electronic materials design
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Iyer Akshay , Chen Wei , Rondinelli James M.
Published: November 2020

Electronic materials that exhibit phase transitions between metastable states (e.g., metal-insulator transition materials with abrupt electrical resistivity transformations) are challenging to decode. For these materials, conventional machine learning methods display limited predictive capability due to data scarcity and the absence of features that impede model training. In this article, we demonstrate a discovery strategy based on multi-objective Bayesian optimization to directly circumvent these bottlenecks by utilizing latent variable Gaussian processes combined with high-fidelity electronic structure calculations for validation in the chalcogenide lacunar spinel family. We directly and simultaneously learn phase stability and bandgap tunability from chemical composition alone to efficiently discover all superior compositions on the design Pareto front. Previously unidentified electronic transitions also emerge from our featureless adaptive optimization engine. Our methodology readily generalizes to optimization of multiple properties, enabling co-design of complex multifunctional materials, especially where prior data is sparse.
Enhanced force-field calibration via machine learning
Authors: Argun Aykut , Thalheim Tobias , Bo Stefano , Cichos Frank , Volpe Giovanni
Published: November 2020

The influence of microscopic force fields on the motion of Brownian particles plays a fundamental role in a broad range of fields, including soft matter, biophysics, and active matter. Often, the experimental calibration of these force fields relies on the analysis of the trajectories of the Brownian particles. However, such an analysis is not always straightforward, especially if the underlying force fields are non-conservative or time-varying, driving the system out of thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we introduce a toolbox to calibrate microscopic force fields by analyzing the trajectories of a Brownian particle using machine learning, namely, recurrent neural networks. We demonstrate that this machine-learning approach outperforms standard methods when characterizing the force fields generated by harmonic potentials if the available data are limited. More importantly, it provides a tool to calibrate force fields in situations for which there are no standard methods, such as non-conservative and time-varying force fields. In order to make this method readily available for other users, we provide a Python software package named DeepCalib, which can be easily personalized and optimized for specific force fields and applications. This package is ideal to calibrate complex and non-standard force fields from short trajectories, for which advanced specific methods would need to be developed on a case-by-case basis.
Sputter-deposited low-stress boron carbide films
Authors: Engwall A. M. , Bayu Aji L. B. , Shin S. J. , Mirkarimi P. B. , Bae J. H. , Kucheyev S. O.
Published: November 2020

Significant challenges have been faced in the manufacturing of low-stress B4C films. Here, we demonstrate a set of process parameters for direct-current magnetron sputter deposition of smooth, high-purity, amorphous B4C films with near-zero total residual stress and with thicknesses up to 10 μm. Films are characterized by a combination of high-energy ion scattering, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and stress measurements based on substrate curvature. In order to facilitate the process transfer to other sputtering geometries, the favorable deposition conditions are correlated with distributions of landing energies and incident angles of depositing species estimated by Monte Carlo simulations of ballistic collisions and gas phase atomic transport. Based on such simulations, a decrease in compressive stress with increasing Ar working gas pressure is attributed to the corresponding broadening of the angular distribution of depositing species and associated atomic shadowing effects.
Pulse-width and temperature dependence of memristive spin–orbit torque switching
Authors: Liao Wei-Bang , Chen Tian-Yue , Hsiao Yu-Chan , Pai Chi-Feng
Published: November 2020

It is crucial that magnetic memory devices formed from magnetic heterostructures possess sizable spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency and high thermal stability to realize both efficient SOT control and robust storage of such memory devices. However, most previous studies on various types of magnetic heterostructures have focused on only their SOT efficiencies, whereas the thermal stabilities therein have been largely ignored. In this work, we study the temperature-dependent SOT and stability properties of two types of W-based heterostructures, namely, W/CoFeB/MgO (standard) and CoFeB/W/CoFeB/MgO (field-free), from 25 °C (298 K) to 80 °C (353 K). Via temperature-dependent SOT characterization, the SOT efficacies for both systems are found to be invariant within the range of studied temperatures. Temperature-dependent current-induced SOT switching measurements further show that the critical switching current densities decrease with respect to the ambient temperature; thermal stability factors (Δ) are also found to degrade as temperature increases for both standard and field-free systems. The memristive SOT switching behaviors in both systems with various pulse-widths and temperatures are also examined. Our results suggest that, although the SOT efficacy is robust against thermal effects, the reduction of Δ at elevated temperatures could be detrimental to standard memory as well as neuromorphic (memristive) device applications.
Experimental study on R410A flow boiling heat transfer outside three enhanced tubes with different fin structures
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhang Jianghui , He Yan
Published: November 2020

In order to further explore the influence of the outer fin structure on flow boiling heat transfer, the refrigerant R410A was used to conduct flow boiling heat transfer experiments outside three kinds of enhanced tubes with different outer fin structures (including micro-porous, integral-fin, and independent small bosses structures). The outer diameter of the tubes is 19.05 mm with a mass flux range of 50 kg/m2 s–80 kg/m2 s, and the inlet and outlet vapor quality is maintained at 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. The micro-porous tube showed the best heat transfer performance in the test conditions (the heat transfer coefficient is about 2.52–2.64 times of that of the smooth tube), and the next is the integral-fin tube. Due to local evaporation to dryness, the performance of the independent small bosses tube is inferior to that of the smooth tube. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of the micro-porous tube under different average vapor qualities were tested and analyzed. Finally, the heat transfer coefficient of the tested tubes can be accurately predicted by modified correlations in the deviation of ±10%.
Taming the fixed-node error in diffusion Monte Carlo via range separation
Authors: Scemama Anthony , Giner Emmanuel , Benali Anouar , Loos Pierre-François
Published: November 2020

By combining density-functional theory (DFT) and wave function theory via the range separation (RS) of the interelectronic Coulomb operator, we obtain accurate fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) energies with compact multi-determinant trial wave functions. In particular, we combine here short-range exchange-correlation functionals with a flavor of selected configuration interaction known as configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI), a scheme that we label RS-DFT-CIPSI. One of the take-home messages of the present study is that RS-DFT-CIPSI trial wave functions yield lower fixed-node energies with more compact multi-determinant expansions than CIPSI, especially for small basis sets. Indeed, as the CIPSI component of RS-DFT-CIPSI is relieved from describing the short-range part of the correlation hole around the electron–electron coalescence points, the number of determinants in the trial wave function required to reach a given accuracy is significantly reduced as compared to a conventional CIPSI calculation. Importantly, by performing various numerical experiments, we evidence that the RS-DFT scheme essentially plays the role of a simple Jastrow factor by mimicking short-range correlation effects, hence avoiding the burden of performing a stochastic optimization. Considering the 55 atomization energies of the Gaussian-1 benchmark set of molecules, we show that using a fixed value of μ = 0.5 bohr−1 provides effective error cancellations as well as compact trial wave functions, making the present method a good candidate for the accurate description of large chemical systems.
Polarizabilities of neutral atoms and atomic ions with a noble gas electron configuration
Authors: McNeill Ashley S. , Peterson Kirk A. , Dixon David A.
Published: November 2020

Atomic polarizabilities play an important role in the development of force fields for molecular simulations, as well as for the development of qualitative concepts of atomic and molecular behavior. Coupled cluster theory at the coupled cluster singles doubles triples level with very large correlation-consistent basis sets with extended diffuse functions has been used to predict the polarizabilities of the atomic neutrals, mono-cations and mono-anions with a noble gas configuration. Additional corrections for scalar relativistic and spin–orbit effects were also included for the electron configurations of Kr, Xe, and Rn. The results are in excellent agreement with experiment or with other high level calculations where available. The current results for most of these species represent the best available values for the polarizabilities. The results show that the polarizability of H− is very difficult to calculate without extremely diffuse functions. The polarizability of H− is the largest value, 34.05 Å3, calculated for all species in the current study. The polarizabilities of the remaining halogen anions are also the best available values. The polarizabilities of the halogen anions (excluding F−) and H− have a linear correlation with the electron affinity of the neutral atom. Spin–orbit effects, even for closed shell species, cannot be ignored for quantitative accuracy, and the inclusion of spin–orbit effects for Fr+, Rn, and At− increases the polarizability by 4%, 6%, and 15%, respectively.
First principles investigations of Fe3+ impurity and Fe3+ + V−Cd complex in strongly confined CdSe quantum dot
Authors: Kurian George , Mochena Mogus
Published: November 2020

Solitary dopant or defect in a semiconductor is the basis of the emerging field of optoelectronics known as solotronics. It has been shown that the spin of a single magnetic ion impurity can be manipulated optically. Among the magnetic ions, Fe3+ has been proposed as a primary candidate for the design of quantum dots (QDs) for solotronics because of its zero nuclear spin in contrast to Mn2+ and larger magnetic moment compared to Fe2+. In this work, we performed density function theory calculations to determine optimal parameters for the colloidal synthesis of single FeCd3+over FeCd2+ in CdSe of 1 nm in radius. We also investigated Fe3+ plus Cd vacancy complex (FeCd3++VCd−). Transition energy level calculations show FeCd3+ to be a deep-level donor and VCd− to be a shallow acceptor. Charge difference plots show that the charge of the ionized electron is localized around FeCd3+. Tetrahedral symmetry is retained at the FeCd3+ site. The magnetic moment of Fe3+ is almost the same in the core and at the surface and is equal to ∼4.27 μB for passivated QD. The large moment can be manipulated for spin control in conjunction with unoccupied vacancy states of the triplet t2 level of the shallow VCd acceptor to create a hole spin current in a lithographically patterned surface.
3D topological models and Heegaard splitting. II. Pontryagin duality and observables
Authors: Thuillier F.
Published: November 2020

In Paper I [F. Thuillier, “3D topological models and Heegaard splitting I: Partition function,” J. Math. Phys. 60, 32 (2019)], a construction of the smooth Deligne–Beilinson cohomology groups HDp(M) on a closed 3-manifold M represented by a Heegaard splitting XL ∪fXR was presented. Then, the partition functions of the U(1) Chern–Simons and BF Quantum field theories were determined from this construction. In this second and concluding article, we stay in the context of a Heegaard spitting of M to define Deligne–Beilinson 1-currents whose equivalent classes form the elements of HD1(M)⋆, the Pontryagin dual of HD1(M). Finally, we use singular fields to first recover the partition functions of the U(1) Chern–Simons and BF quantum field theories and next to determine the link invariants defined by these theories. The difference between the use of smooth and singular fields is also discussed.
Deagglomeration of nanoparticle clusters in a “cavitation on chip” device
Authors: Gevari Moein Talebian , Niazi Soroush , Karimzadehkhouei Mehrdad , Sendur Kursat , Menguc M. Pinar , Ghorbani Morteza , Koşar Ali
Published: November 2020

Due to the potential of significant energy release in cavitating flows, early cavitation inception and intensification of cavitating flows are of great importance. To use this potential, we investigated the deagglomeration of nanoparticle clusters with the implementation of hydrodynamic cavitation in a microfluidic device. For this purpose, a microfluidic device with a micro-orifice geometry was designed and fabricated using standard microfabrication processes. The system was tested with distilled water in the assembled experimental setup. The flow patterns were characterized using the cavitation number and inlet pressure. Titania nanoparticles were utilized to prepare nanoparticle suspensions. The suspensions were heated to allow agglomeration of nanoparticles. The system was operated with the new working fluid (nanoparticle clusters) at different inlet pressures. After characterizing flow patterns, the flow patterns were compared with those of pure water. The deagglomeration effects of hydrodynamic cavitation on nanoparticle clusters showed the possibility to apply this method for the stabilization of nanoparticles, which paves way to the implementation of nanoparticle suspensions to thermal fluid systems for increased energy efficiency as well as to drug delivery. Our results also indicate that the presence of nanoparticles in the working fluid enhanced cavitation intensity due to the increase in the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites.
Effect of gradient wettability on capillary imbibition in open semicircular copper channel
Authors: Xing Haiting , Cheng Jiang , Zhou Cailong
Published: November 2020

Open semicircular copper channels with a gradient wettability of 45°–3° or 3°–45° (contact angle of 1,2-propanediol), homogeneous wettability of 3°, and segmented wettability on their inner surfaces were constructed. The capillary imbibition of 1,2-propanediol in these channels demonstrates that, compared with the surface with homogeneous wettability, there are an additional driving force and resistance on the surfaces with a gradient wettability of 45°–3° and 3°–45°, respectively. Meanwhile, the channel with gradient wettability on the first half segment and homogeneous wettability on the second half segment could accelerate capillary imbibition better than that with gradient wettability on the whole channel. Furthermore, a smaller length ratio, i.e., length of gradient segment to that of homogeneous segment of the channel, demonstrates a better liquid acceleration effect. Based on the Lucas–Washburn equation, a theoretical model to describe capillary imbibition was established by introducing an additional force arisen from the positive gradient wettability and a retardation coefficient caused by the surface roughness. The flow front position vs flow time could be predicted by the established model in this work, and the relative error between the theoretical prediction and experimental result was less than 20.7%, indicating the rationality of the proposed model.
Models of set theory in which the separation theorem fails
Authors: Kanovei V. G. , Lyubetsky V. A.
Published: November 2020

We use a finite-support product of Jensen-minimal forcings to define a model of set theory in which the separation theorem fails for the projective classes

and

, for a given

.
Kolmogorov widths of intersections of weighted Sobolev classes on an interval with conditions on the zeroth and first derivatives
Authors: Vasil’eva A. A.
Published: November 2020

In the paper, we obtain order estimates for the Kolmogorov widths of the intersection of weighted Sobolev classes with conditions on the first and zeroth derivatives; the weights have power-law form.
Representation of solutions of the Cauchy problem for a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with a smooth bounded potential by quasi-Feynman formulae
Authors: Grishin D. V. , Pavlovskiy Ya. Yu.
Published: November 2020

We consider the Cauchy problem for a Schrödinger equation whose Hamiltonian is the difference of the operator of multiplication by the potential and the operator of taking the second derivative. Here the potential is a real differentiable function of a real variable such that this function and its derivative are bounded. This equation has been studied since the advent of quantum mechanics and is still a good model case for various methods of solving partial differential equations. We find solutions of the Cauchy problem in the form of quasi-Feynman formulae by using Remizov’s theorem. Quasi-Feynman formulae are relatives of Feynman formulae containing multiple integrals of infinite multiplicity. Their proof is easier than that of Feynman formulae but they give longer expressions for the solutions. We provide detailed proofs of all theorems and deliberately restrict the spectrum of our results to the domain of classical mathematical analysis and elements of real analysis trying to avoid general methods of functional analysis. As a result, the paper is long but accessible to readers who are not experts in the field of functional analysis.
Interior estimates for solutions of linear elliptic inequalities
Authors: Klimov V. S.
Published: November 2020

We study the wedge of solutions of the inequality

, where

is a linear elliptic operator of order

acting on functions of

variables. We establish interior estimates of the form

for the elements of this wedge, where

is a compact subdomain of

,

is the Sobolev space,

,

is the Lebesgue space of integrable functions, and the constant

is independent of

.
Properties of monotone path-connected sets
Authors: Tsar’kov I. G.
Published: November 2020

We study monotone path-connected sets and also strongly and weakly Menger-connected sets. We introduce the notion of

-solarity and establish a connection with the notion of solarity. We prove that boundedly compact suns in

are monotone path-connected.
Positive solutions of superlinear elliptic problems with discontinuous non-linearities
Authors: Pavlenko V. N. , Potapov D. K.
Published: November 2020

We consider an elliptic boundary-value problem with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, a parameter and a discontinuous non-linearity. The positive parameter appears as a multiplicative term in the non-linearity, and the problem has a zero solution for any value of the parameter. The non-linearity has superlinear growth at infinity. We prove the existence of positive solutions by a topological method.
Uniform approximation of functions by solutions of second order homogeneous strongly elliptic equations on compact sets in
Authors: Mazalov M. Ya.
Published: November 2020

We obtain a criterion for the uniform approximability of functions by solutions of second-order homogeneous strongly elliptic equations with constant complex coefficients on compact sets in

(the particular case of harmonic approximations is not distinguished).

The criterion is stated in terms of the unique (scalar) Harvey–Polking capacity related to the leading coefficient of a Laurent-type expansion (this capacity is trivial in the well-studied case of non-strongly elliptic equations).

The proof uses an improvement of Vitushkin’s scheme, special geometric constructions, and methods of the theory of singular integrals. In view of the inhomogeneity of the fundamental solutions of strongly elliptic operators on

, the problem considered is technically more difficult than the analogous problem for

,

.
On the Newton polyhedron of a Jacobian pair
Authors: Makar-Limanov L. G.
Published: November 2020

We introduce and describe the Newton polyhedron related to a “minimal” counterexample to the Jacobian conjecture. This description allows us to obtain a sharper estimate for the geometric degree of the polynomial mapping given by a Jacobian pair and to give a new proof in the case of the Abhyankar’s two characteristic pairs.
Progress in the medicinal chemistry of organoboron compounds
Authors: Tevyashova Anna N. , Chudinov Mikhail V.
Published: November 2020

The review aims to draw attention to the latest advances in the organoboron chemistry and therapeutic use of organoboron compounds. The synthetic strategies towards boron-containing compounds with proven in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, including derivatives of boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, benzoxaborines and benzodiazaborines, are summarized. Approaches to the synthesis of hybrid structures containing an organoboron moiety as one of the pharmacophores are considered, and the effect of this modification on the pharmacological activity of the initial molecules is analyzed. On the basis of analysis of the published data, the most promising areas of research in the field of organoboron compounds are identified, including the latest methods of synthesis, modification and design of effective therapeutic agents.

The bibliography includes 246 references.
Cyclic oxonium derivatives of cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides) and their use in organic synthesis
Authors: Druzina Anna A. , Shmalko Akim V. , Sivaev Igor B. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: November 2020

The rapid progress in the chemistry of carboranes and other polyhedral boron compounds makes the development of methods for the synthesis of their various functional derivatives a high priority. The formation of cyclic oxonium derivatives followed by the ring opening is one of the most efficient methods for the preparation of these compounds. This review addresses the data on the use of the nucleophilic ring opening of cyclic oxonium derivatives based on cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides), which have been extensively studied in recent years. Reactions involving O-, N-, S-, P- and C-nucleophiles are considered as a route to the targeted synthesis of a wide range of organic boron derivatives, in particular various boron-containing biologically active compounds. Possible applications of the reaction products are discussed.

The bibliography includes 197 references.
Proof of a conjecture of Wiegold for nilpotent Lie algebras
Authors: Skutin A. A.
Published: November 2020

Let

be a nilpotent Lie algebra. By the breadth

of an element

of

we mean the number

. Vaughan-Lee showed that if the breadth of all elements of the Lie algebra

is bounded by a number

, then the dimension of the commutator subalgebra of the Lie algebra does not exceed

. We show that if

for some nonnegative

, then the Lie algebra

is generated by the elements of breadth

, and thus we prove a conjecture due to Wiegold (Question 4.69 in the Kourovka Notebook) in the case of nilpotent Lie algebras.

Bibliography: 4 titles.
How many feral pigs in Australia? An update
Authors: Hone Jim
Published: November 2020

The abundance of feral pigs in Australia has been estimated previously and been a topic of some debate. This study aims to update a previous estimate of abundance (13.5 million, 95% CI: 3.5 million to 23.5 million) of feral pigs in Australia. Abundance estimates for the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s were collated from published literature. Mean abundances in the middle decades were estimated using the ratio method. The average abundance of feral pigs varied from 4.4 million (95% CI: 2.4 million to 6.3 million) in the 1980s, to 3.0 million (95% CI: 2.3 million to 3.7 million) in the 1990s, to 3.2 million (95% CI: 2.4 million to 4.0 million) in the 2000s. Mean density across all 142 studies was 1.03 pigs km–2. The average abundance of feral pigs in Australia during the 1980s to 2000s was much lower and more precise than estimated previously, so scientists and managers should update their use of abundance estimates. Density estimates are above, and below, estimates of threshold host densities for infectious exotic disease establishment.
Quantum spin-liquid states in an organic magnetic layer and molecular rotor hybrid
Authors: Szirmai Péter , Mézière Cécile , Bastien Guillaume , Wzietek Pawel , Batail Patrick , Martino Edoardo , Mantulnikovs Konstantins , Pisoni Andrea , Riedl Kira , Cottrell Stephen , Baines Christopher , Forró László , Náfrádi Bálint
Published: November 2020

Significance

A better understanding of quantum spin liquids (QSLs), where spin dimer configurations are fluctuating even at the lowest temperatures, could be of use in quantum information, in superconducting or other technologies. This macroscopic collective state typically arises from geometrical frustration or low dimensionality. In the layered EDT-BCO, we report a QSL state, which is generated, on different bases, with the intrinsic disorder. The spins in the EDT plane despite a weak frustration would magnetically order but the disorder potential coming from the molecular rotors in the BCO plane prevents it. With multiple experimental probes, the stabilization of a QSL state is demonstrated with signatures of orphan spins, as defects between the QSL domains.
Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi
Authors: Kalogriopoulos Nicholas A. , Lopez-Sanchez Inmaculada , Lin Changsheng , Ngo Tony , Midde Krishna K. , Roy Suchismita , Aznar Nicolas , Murray Fiona , Garcia-Marcos Mikel , Kufareva Irina , Ghassemian Majid , Ghosh Pradipta
Published: November 2020

Significance

Growth factors and heterotrimeric G proteins are two of the most widely studied signaling pathways in eukaryotes; their cross-talk shapes some of the most fundamental cellular responses in both health and disease. Although mechanisms by which G protein pathways transactivate growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been well-defined, how the reverse may happen is less understood. This study defines the key steps and cellular consequences of a fundamental mechanism of signal cross-talk that enables RTKs to transactivate heterotrimeric G protein, Gαi. Mutations found in tumors shed light on how derailing this mechanism impacts tumor cell behavior. Thus, findings not only show how cells integrate extracellular signals via pathway cross-talk, but also demonstrate the relevance of this pathway in cancers.
An evolutionarily acquired microRNA shapes development of mammalian cortical projections
Authors: Diaz Jessica L. , Siththanandan Verl B. , Lu Victoria , Gonzalez-Nava Nicole , Pasquina Lincoln , MacDonald Jessica L. , Woodworth Mollie B. , Ozkan Abdulkadir , Nair Ramesh , He Zihuai , Sahni Vibhu , Sarnow Peter , Palmer Theo D. , Macklis Jeffrey D. , Tharin Suzanne
Published: November 2020

Significance

The mammalian central nervous system contains unique projections from the cerebral cortex thought to underpin complex motor and cognitive skills, including the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. The neurons giving rise to these projections—corticospinal and callosal projection neurons—develop from the same progenitors, but acquire strikingly different fates. The broad evolutionary conservation of known genes controlling cortical projection neuron fates raises the question of how the more narrowly conserved corticospinal and callosal projections evolved. We identify a microRNA cluster selectively expressed by corticospinal projection neurons and exclusive to placental mammals. One of these microRNAs promotes corticospinal fate via regulation of the callosal gene LMO4, suggesting a mechanism whereby microRNA regulation during development promotes evolution of neuronal diversity.
Spatial and temporal diversity of glycome expression in mammalian brain
Authors: Lee Jua , Ha Seungshin , Kim Minsoo , Kim Seong-Wook , Yun Jaekyung , Ozcan Sureyya , Hwang Heeyoun , Ji In Jung , Yin Dongtan , Webster Maree J. , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Kim Jae-Han , Yoo Jong Shin , Grimm Rudolf , Bahn Sabine , Shin Hee-Sup , An Hyun Joo
Published: November 2020

Significance

Deciphering molecular mechanisms at the glycome level in mammalian brain remains a missing piece of the puzzle in molecular neuroscience due to the intrinsic complexity of glycosylation and the lack of analytical tools. Here, we uncovered the variation and diversity of glycome expression in human and mouse brain samples according to spatial and temporal differences. We further constructed a comprehensive synthesis map using glycans structurally elucidated by LC-MS/MS and found strong evidence on the conservation and developmental divergence of human and mouse prefrontal cortex N-glycome. Our data could be the reference for future mammalian brain glycome study. Furthermore, it provides valuable information on human brain glycome, which has languished in relative obscurity.
Protein crowding mediates membrane remodeling in upstream ESCRT-induced formation of intraluminal vesicles
Authors: Liese Susanne , Wenzel Eva Maria , Kjos Ingrid , Rojas Molina Rossana , Schultz Sebastian W. , Brech Andreas , Stenmark Harald , Raiborg Camilla , Carlson Andreas
Published: November 2020

Significance

Intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation plays a crucial role in the attenuation of growth factor receptor signaling. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-0 to -III/VPS4) mediates this process. The general dogma has been that upstream ESCRTs (0 to II) sequester receptors at the surface of endosomes and the downstream ESCRTs (III/VPS4) remodel the endosome membrane leading to the abscission and formation of receptor-containing ILVs. We now show that upstream ESCRTs not only sequester cargo, but in addition play a crucial role for the initiation of membrane shape remodeling in ILV budding. Through a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental measurements we show that upstream ESCRTs facilitate ILV budding by crowding with a high density in the membrane neck region.
Neural control of rapid binocular eye movements: Saccade-vergence burst neurons
Authors: Quinet Julie , Schultz Kevin , May Paul J. , Gamlin Paul D.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Currently, it is not known whether disjunctive saccades, the eye movements generated when viewing objects in three-dimensional space, are produced solely by the vergence system, the saccadic system, or through some as-yet-undescribed neural circuitry. Here, we report the existence of a population of saccade-vergence burst neurons (SVBNs) in the central mesencephalic reticular formation that encode vergence velocity. They respond only during disjunctive saccades, and not during conjugate saccades or pure vergence movements, and their existence had been predicted by modeling studies. Our findings indicate that SVBNs are not only involved in the generation of disjunctive saccades, but they are the critical element for producing vergence changes at the speeds observed during disjunctive saccades.
Automatic speech recognition in the booth
Authors: Defrancq Bart , Fantinuoli Claudio
Published: November 2020

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has been proposed as a means to enhance state-of-the-art computer-assisted interpreting
(CAI) tools and to allow machine-learning techniques to enter the workflow of professional interpreters. In this article, we test the
usefulness of real-time transcription with number highlighting of a source speech for simultaneous interpreting using InterpretBank ASR. The
system’s precision is high (96%) and its latency low enough to fit interpreters’ ear–voice span (EVS). We evaluate the potential benefits
among first-time users of this technology by applying an error matrix and by investigating the users’ subjective perceptions through a
questionnaire. The results show that the ASR provision improves overall performance for almost all number types. Interaction with the ASR
support is varied and participants consult it for just over half of the stimuli. The study also provides some evidence of the psychological
benefits of ASR availability and of overreliance on ASR support.
A projected gradient method for αℓ
1
−
βℓ
2 sparsity regularization
**
Authors: Ding Liang , Han Weimin
Published: November 2020

The non-convex

α
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

1

−
β
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

2

(

α
⩾
β
⩾
0

)

regularization is a new approach for sparse recovery. A minimizer of the

α
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

1

−
β
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

2

regularized function can be computed by applying the ST-(αℓ
1 − βℓ
2) algorithm which is similar to the classical iterative soft thresholding algorithm (ISTA). It is known that ISTA converges quite slowly, and a faster alternative to ISTA is the projected gradient (PG) method. However, the conventional PG method is limited to solve problems with the classical ℓ
1 sparsity regularization. In this paper, we present two accelerated alternatives to the ST-(αℓ
1 − βℓ
2) algorithm by extending the PG method to the non-convex

α
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

1

−
β
‖
⋅

‖

ℓ

2

sparsity regularization. Moreover, we discuss a strategy to determine the radius R of the ℓ
1-ball constraint by Morozov’s discrepancy principle. Numerical results are reported to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Theoretical study of electron impact single ionization of neon by multicenter three distorted-wave method at low projectile energy: an overall agreement with experiment
Authors: Gong Maomao , Wang Zhenpeng , Li Xingyu , Zhang Song Bin , Chen Xiangjun
Published: November 2020

Universal theoretical description of electron impact single ionization process for complex atoms and molecules is a long-standing challenge. A perturbative approach named multicenter three distorted wave method (MCTDW) has recently been developed by our group, aiming at calculating (e, 2e) fully differential cross sections for molecular target. In MCTDW method, the incident, scattered and ejected electrons are described by distorted waves using single center expansion technique. The continuum wave functions of the incident and two outgoing electrons are solved in the potential of neutral molecule and ion, respectively. The accuracy and generality of this method has been demonstrated for water molecule as well as simple two-electron atom helium (2018 Phys. Rev. A
98 042710) . Here MCTDW is extended to investigate more complex multi-electron atom neon of electron impact ionization from its 2p orbital at projectile energy of 100 eV and 65 eV. The results are compared with the internormalized experiments reported in the literatures (2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
110 153202; 2015 Phys. Rev. A.
91 032707). An overall agreement has been achieved with experimental data for different scattering angles and energies, as well as theoretical calculations employing nonperturbative B-spline R-matrix with pseudostates approach.
Turning photonic band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystals on and off
Authors: Tan Haiyun , Zhou Mingjie , Zhuge Lanjian , Wu Xuemei
Published: November 2020

A one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of alternating layers of a sandwich structure and air is proposed to obtain a photonic band gap (PBG) that can be completely closed or opened. Through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, we prove that the mechanism of controlling the gap is closely related to the impedance of the sandwich structure. Simply put, if the frequency at the middle of a gap makes the effective impedance of the sandwich be equal to 1, this gap will close. By introducing plasma into the sandwich, we can turn the PBG on or off conveniently. These studies pave the way for realizing tunable microwave application, such as optical signal switches.
Optomechanical atomic force microscope
Authors: He Fei , Liu Jian , Zhu Ka-Di
Published: November 2020

In the scanning probe microscope system, the weak signal detection of cantilever vibration is one of the important factors affecting the sensor sensitivity. In our current work, we present a novel design concept for an atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with optomechanics with an ultra-high quality factor and a low thermal noise. The detection system consists of a fixed mirror placed on the cantilever of the AFM and pump-probe beams that is equivalent to a Fabry–Perot cavity. We realize that the AFM combined with an optical cavity can achieve ultra-sensitive detection of force gradients of 10−12 N m−1 in the case of high-vacuum and low effective temperature of 1 mK, which may open up new avenues for super-high resolution imaging and super-high precision force spectroscopy.
A continuum magneto-mechanical model for magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Akbari E , Khajehsaeid H
Published: November 2020

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) consist of micron-sized magnetizable particles embedded in a rubber matrix. Properties of these magneto-sensitive materials are changed reversibly upon application of external magnetic fields. They exhibit highly non-linear magneto-mechanical response which allows developing new devices and applications. However, the coupled magneto-mechanical behavior makes mathematical modeling of MREs quite complicated. So development of a reliable constitutive framework is essential for further understanding of this coupled behavior as well as simulation of the systems that utilize MREs. In this paper, a finite strain continuum model is developed for MREs where the effect of magnetization on material stiffness is directly introduced in the material shear modulus. It is shown that this approach simplifies the constitutive models and also perceives the magnetic saturation of MREs. Moreover, the coupled effects of magnetization, deformation and particle-chains orientation on the mechanical response are also taken into account in the introduced parameter. This reduces the number of material parameters, the required experimental tests for parameters identification and also simplifies the mathematical formulation of the developed constitutive equations which is beneficial for numerical formulations. A systematic two-step method is then introduced for material parameters identification which assures uniqueness of the parameters set. The predictive capabilities of the proposed model are examined via available mechanical and magneto-mechanical experimental data on both isotropic and anisotropic MRE samples at different configurations of magnetic field and loading with respect to the preferred direction of the samples. It is shown that the model can well predict the magneto-mechanical response of MREs at different deformation modes and magnetic fields.
Disorder-immune metasurfaces with constituents exhibiting the anapole mode
Authors: Song Hao , Wang Neng , Yu Kuai , Pei Jihong , Wang Guo Ping
Published: November 2020

Common optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional functional devices composed of periodically arranged subwavelength constituents. Here, we achieved the positional-disorder-immune metasurfaces composed of core–shell cylinders which successively exhibit the magnetic dipole (MD) resonant, non-radiating anapole, and electric dipole (ED) resonant modes when their outer radii are fixed and the inner radii change continuously in a range. The performances of the metasurfaces under a periodically structural design are not degraded even when the positions of the cylinders are subjected to random and considerable displacements. The positional-disorder-immunity is due to the weak non-local effect of the metasurfaces. Because the multiple scattering among cylinders is weak and insensitive to the spacing among the cylinders around the ED and MD resonant modes and vanishing irrespective of the spacing at the non-radiating anapole mode, the reflection properties including the reflection phase and reflectivity of the metasurfaces are insensitive to the spacing between neighboring cylinders for this entire variation range of the inner radius. Our findings can have important implications in understanding the underlying mechanism of the positional-disorder-immunity and provide a unique approach to achieve metasurfaces with various performances robust against large positional disorders. We expect the present work to open a door for the various applications of the metasurfaces in some harsh and unstable environments.
Analytical analysis of the price of energy in the market through dipheomorphic attractors
Authors: Ramírez C A , Holguin M , Rivas-Trujillo E
Published: November 2020

The following document presents the modeling and qualitative analysis of an electric power system with which it is intended to use Takens’ theorem to show its effectiveness or inefficiency when predicting attractors. Knowing an initial state will show the procedure to know a state of the system even when all the variables that interact in the system are not known analytically; results obtained will also show two of the corresponding simulations in Matlab-software. The dipheomorphic attractor methodology allows us to advance much beyond the analytical techniques since no matter how exact the equation that models the system is, it is not the real one, the only real thing we have is the data periodically delivered by the system. in which case they will be the input data to build the attractor that allows obtaining information from the system.