bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue development during early life: novel insights into energy balance from small and large mammals
Authors: Symonds Michael E. , Pope Mark , Budge Helen
Published: June 2012

Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult human subjects in 2007, there has been a dramatic resurgence in research interest in its role in heat production and energy balance. This has coincided with a reassessment of the origins of BAT and the suggestion that brown preadipocytes could share a common lineage with skeletal myoblasts. In precocial newborns, such as sheep, the onset of non-shivering thermogenesis through activation of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is essential for effective adaptation to the cold exposure of the extra-uterine environment. This is mediated by a combination of endocrine adaptations which accompany normal parturition at birth and further endocrine stimulation from the mother's milk. Three distinct adipose depots have been identified in all species studied to date. These contain either primarily white, primarily brown or a mix of brown and white adipocytes. The latter tissue type is present, at least, in the fetus and, thereafter, appears to take on the characteristics of white adipose tissue during postnatal development. It is becoming apparent that a range of organ-specific mechanisms can promote UCP1 expression. They include the liver, heart and skeletal muscle, and involve unique endocrine systems that are stimulated by cold exposure and/or exercise. These multiple pathways that promote BAT function vary with age and between species that may determine the potential to be manipulated in early life. Such interventions could modify, or reverse, the normal ontogenic pathway by which BAT disappears after birth, thereby facilitating BAT thermogenesis through the life cycle.
VII.—On the Designation of “Cold Harbour.” By Capt. W. H. Smyth, R.N., F.R.S., Director. In a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Secretary
Authors: Smyth W. H.
Published: June 2012

From a conversation which I had yesterday with a worthy Fellow of our Society, it seems that the very few words which I dropped at the last Meeting respecting Coal Harbour being confounded with the singular term Cold Harbour were misunderstood, and, as a positive engagement will preclude my being at the apartments this evening, I forward you a note on the subject.
Notes on Saxon Sepulchral Remains found at Fairford, Gloucestershire. By C. Roach Smith, F.S.A. In a Letter addressed to J. Y. Akerman, Esq. Resident Secretary
Authors: Smith C. Roach
Published: June 2012

On the 23d of January I exhibited to the Society, through the kindness of Mr. W. M. Wylie, some Saxon Fibulae and Beads found at Fairford, with drawings of other objects of the Saxon period, which had been discovered in the same locality at intervals from 1844-5 to 1850.
XIII.—Account of some of the Celtic Antiquities of Orkney, including the Stones of Stenness, Tumuli, Picts-houses, &c., with Plans, by F. W. L. Thomas, R.N., Corr. Mem. S.A. Scot., Lieutenant Commanding H.M. Surveying Vessel Woodlark
Authors: Thomas F. W. L.
Published: June 2012

The following Notes have been arranged partly with the view of affording the means for comparing the Celtic antiquities of the Orkneys with their prototypes situated in other countries, but more particularly in the hope of inducing some resident gentleman of more leisure and antiquarian lore to draw up a detailed description of these interesting Landmarks of Time, many of which are fast disappearing before the efforts of rural industry and agricultural improvement. There is, however, but little cause to apprehend any further dilapidation in the greater monuments of the county; an interest in their conservation is daily gaining strength, and we have the faith to believe that in a short time even a peasant will feel ashamed to remove from the inquiring presence of enlightened men an irrecoverable record of the thoughts and feelings of a by-gone race. The antiquities of the Orkney and Shetland groups will be found upon examination to be well worthy of a careful study, not only from being extremely numerous for the small extent of country in which they are placed, but also from the great diversity of their forms, in many places leaving us unable to determine the purpose for which they have been erected.
III. Memorials of the last Achievement, Illness, and Death of Sir Philip Sidney; communicated by G. F. Beltz, Esq. K.H., F.S.A., Lancaster Herald, in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Beltz G. F.
Published: June 2012

The campaign in the Netherlands, of 1586, will be ever memorable in the English annals for the heroic death of Sir Philip Sidney, one of the brightest ornaments of the reign of Elizabeth.
XIII. Observations on some ancient Pieces of Ordnance, and other Relics, discovered in the Island of Walney, in Lancashire. By C. D. Achibald, Esq. F.R.A.S., M.R.I.A., F.G.S. Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire, in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Archibald C. D.
Published: June 2012

In undertaking to submit to the Society of Antiquaries a notice of the ancient pieces of ordnance, and other relics, lately discovered in the Island of Walney, I am influenced by the wish you have so kindly expressed, rather than by any sense of fitness, on my part, for the task.
XX.—Observations by the Marquess of Northampton, Pres. R.S., F.S.A., upon a Greek Vase discovered in Etruria, now in his Lordship's possession: bearing the name of the fabricator Nicosthenes
Authors: Northampton
Published: June 2012

Among the various subjects of inquiry suggested by the numerous Greek Vases recently discovered in Etruria, there is one that has been little pursued, although it appears to me to be replete with interest. It is true that the duc de Luynes, in the able description of one vase belonging to himself, has set the example, but it has been but little followed. The inquiry to which I allude is the significance of the various objects depicted on the shields of divinities and heroes, and the degree in which they may serve to identify the personages that bear them.
XXIV.—On the Legend of Weland the Smith. By Thomas Wright, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Wright Thomas
Published: June 2012

The interest which, at the last meeting of your Society, you appeared to take in the traditions connected with the cromlech known as that of Wayland Smith, described in the paper by Mr. Akerman, has encouraged me to offer a few remarks on the subject, which, though not possessing much novelty, have not hitherto been, I think, laid before English readers in a connected form. As Mr. Akerman has observed, the Antiquaries of former days have treated with too much contempt the local legends connected with the monuments of our early forefathers; and through their neglect we have lost irretrievably a large portion of the valuable materials which connected the popular belief of our peasantry hardly a hundred years ago with the mythology of our forefathers at a remote period, when it differed comparatively little from the other branches of the same primeval stock which are now so widely separated. During a century these materials, the popular legends and traditions of the peasantry have been rapidly disappearing before the march of modern improvements; and I would earnestly impress upon the members of this Society the utility of collecting and preserving as many of them as still exist.
XXXII.—Letter from George Bowyer, Esq. D.C.L., F.S.A. to Albert Way, Esq. Director S.A., on the History of the Family of Castiglione. Communicated to the Society by the Council of the Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Bowyer George
Published: June 2012

The following particulars regarding the illustrious house of Castillion, formerly seated at Benham Valance in this county, may I think be interesting to the historical section of our association. They were kindly furnished to me by the Rev. Mr. Randolph, grandson of Bishop Randolph, and a lineal descendant from the Castillions of Benham Valance.
XIV.—Sir Walter Raleigh, his Character, Services, and Advancement; with new Particulars of his Life: in a Letter from J. Payne Collier, Esq., V.P., to Frederic Ouvry, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: Collier J. Payne
Published: June 2012

I am far from thinking the following new particulars regarding Sir Walter Raleigh of much value or importance, excepting as they tend to explain and illustrate the character and actions of a man, who not only fills a prominent place in our history, but who is one of the chief ornaments of our literature. If we contemplate him as a politician, a soldier, or a navigator, we must admit at once his merits, his services, and his discoveries; but we are also to look upon him as one of the earliest, as well as one of the purest and most graceful of our poets, and, as a prose writer, remarkable for the originality of his thoughts, for the extent and variety of his knowledge, and for the vigour, clearness, and beauty of his style.
XIX.—Account of some “Roundells” or Fruit Trenchers of the time of James the First. In a Letter from John Yonge Akerman, Esq., Secretary, to the Viscount Mahon, President
Authors: Akerman John Yonge , Ellis Henry
Published: June 2012

Having examined and transcribed the verses on the nine Roundels forwarded to your Lordship by Colonel Sykes for exhibition to the Society of Antiquaries (Plate XVIII.), I beg to submit the result. These examples of long since obsolete objects are, in more respects than one, of some interest to the English antiquary, but they are especially so from their bearing very well executed and characteristic figures of persons in various grades of life in the costume of the early part of the seventeenth century. They doubtless originally comprised a set of twelve pieces. One side is covered with a black ground, the other being left entirely bare, as usual. On the former are verses in two concentric circles, inscribed in the script character of the time in gilt letters. The figures inclosed within these circles are also gilt, but besides the slight gilt circle which surrounds them, there is another, a broad band of white. The numerals, which on some are Roman and on others Arabic, are also in white, as is also the ground upon which the figures stand. It is not improbable that these letters, numerals, &c. were inserted at some subsequent period, for they are deficient in neatness, and do not accord with the rest of the design. The verses, though in one or two instances faulty in metre,—a fact which we may, I think, fairly attribute to successive mechanical copies, like the paintings on our modern tea-boards,—are by no means deficient in point and smartness. Each figure represented, disclaims the faults and vices commonly laid to the charge of persons of their several conditions, and this in language far superior to that which is generally found on existing examples of these objects.
XXII.—Supplementary Observations on an Astronomical and Astrological Table-Clock, together with an account of the Astrolabe. By C. Octavius Morgan, Esq., M.P., M.A., F.R.S. and S.A., in a Letter to J. Y. Akerman, Esq. Resident Secretary
Authors: Morgan C. Octavius
Published: June 2012

I have placed on the table of our Society, for exhibition this evening, my curious Astronomical and Astrological Table Clock, which has been so well figured and described in the paper of our excellent Director, which was read at the early part of this season, and printed in the last part of the Archseologia just published; and I will therefore take the liberty of adding a few Observations supplementary to those which he has made, as they will point out more clearly, now that the instrument is before us, its interest and peculiarities.
XXVIII.—On the Deities of the Amenti, as found in Egyptian Mummies. By Thomas Joseph Pettigrew, Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A.
Authors: Pettigrew Thomas Joseph
Published: June 2012

In the 27th volume of the Archæologia (pp. 262—273) an account is given of an Egyptian Mummy, unrolled by me at Jersey in 1837, in which, for the first time, the special parts of the human body considered by the Egyptians to be under the protection or influence of the deities of the Amenti or Amunti, are distinctly pointed out and confirmed. On the 23rd of May last, at the solicitation of the Council of the United Service Museum, I unfolded another Egyptian Mummy, and, meeting with some objects confirmatory of the opinions expressed in my previous paper in the Archæologia, I beg now to submit a short notice of them to the Society of Antiquaries.
XXXI.—A few Notices respecting William Lynwode, Judge of the Arches, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of St. David's. By Joseph Hunter, F.S.A.
Authors: Hunter Joseph
Published: June 2012

Having been so particularly called upon, at the last Meeting of the Society, to look into the state of our information respecting Lynwode, one of our most celebrated countrymen, and to report the result, I should have been wanting in proper respect to the President and the Society if I had not taken some little pains to put myself in the condition to do what was required of me.

Previous to the time of Leland, little if anything had been done to collect the facts in the lives of eminent Englishmen of whatever class, and to form what may be called a Body of English Biography. This was, however, a task which that diligent antiquary undertook, and his work has formed the basis of all subsequent accounts of English authors who lived before the Reformation. Of Lynwode he gives what are the main facts in any history that might be written of him.
XXVI. Some Observations on Judicial Duels, as practised in Germany. In a Letter from R. L. Pearsall (of Willsbridge), Esq., to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Pearsall R. L.
Published: June 2012

My attention was drawn towards the present subject by an old manuscript book which I saw, some years ago, in the Royal Library at Munich. It was dated A.D. 1400, and contained a collection of Drawings on vellum, executed by or under the direction of one Paulus Kail, who filled the post of Master of Defence to the then existing Duke of Bavaria. These appeared to have been designed for the use of the Duke, and purported to display the parades and stratagems employed in combats with the different weapons which were in use at the beginning of the 15th century. It seemed, however, to have been more than a mere fencing master's instruction book; for the drawings were accompanied by written remarks, which gave it rather the air of a book of directions as to the conduct of Judicial Combats, showing any one likely to be engaged therein, how he might bring matters to a prosperous issue.
XV.—On the Charge of the ordinary and extraordinary Service of the English Navy in the middle of the reign of Queen Elizabeth; with a Letter and Report from Sir John Hawkins to Sir Walter Mildmay, on the subject of the needless expenditure of public money in 1583. In a Letter from John Payne Collier, Esq. Treasurer, to Captain Smyth, Director
Authors: Collier John Payne
Published: June 2012

There is no member of our Society to whom this brief letter could be more appropriately addressed than to yourself, not merely from the profession to which you are so honourably attached, but from the interest you must take in the subject, and the information you are so well qualified to supply. The latter, in my case, is peculiarly necessary, and if, on some future occasion, you shall be able to add any additional illustration, you will confer a favour not only upon me, who stand so much in need of it, but upon all Antiquaries, who cannot possibly be indifferent to the history of our Navy. My object is to bring the subject of the inclosed letter and report, by no less a man than Sir John Hawkins, into notice, in order that they may receive any explanation of which they are susceptible, and which I do not pretend to be in a condition to furnish.
XX.—An Account of the Officers in a Manor in Oxfordshire, with Remarks upon the Hide of Land. In a Letter to Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., K.S.F., Director of the Society of Antiquaries. By Benjamin Williams, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: June 2012

I will now endeavour to give you an account of the constitution of a Manor in Oxfordshire, which, as far as I can ascertain, is unique, and evidently bears the impress of antiquity.

You will probably trace, at first sight, a resemblance between the “four Grass-stewards and the Sixteens” of Cote, and the four Primarii Forestarii and the sixteen Theynes of the Swein-mót referred to in the Charta de Foresta of Henry I.; but possibly these customs may be remnants of the Anglo-Saxon Mark-mót, for traces of the hide of land “cum pertinentibus”—i.e. with a house and toft, the rights of estovers, of common for cattle, and of a portion of separate pasture for hay—may be traced before the Conquest, and will be hereafter noticed; and a Saxon interpreter of Bede, quoted by Ducange (voce Hida) remarks that a hide was “Domus cum adjuncta agri ad colendum portione.” The 64 “yeard-lands,” or 16 hides, of the manor, and the “Sixteens” as the annual representatives are called, with their 4 Grass-stewards (always chosen from the most influential of the yeomen), strongly resemble the inter-communal arrangements of the Anglo-Saxons, who frequently adopted, as Lappenberg remarks, some multiple of 8 in their cycles, &c. It is however but right to observe that the manor did not always consist of 64 yard-lands, for 9 yards were added, rather more than two centuries ago, from the neighbouring manor of Shifford, although they may notwithstanding have belonged to one community, for these lands were intermingled with the rest.
XXII.—On Richard Hakluyt and American Discoveries. In a Letter from J. Payne Collier, V.P. to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Mahon, President
Authors: Collier J. Payne
Published: June 2012

Considering the important services rendered by Richard Hakluyt to the history and progress of navigation, very little has been done to illustrate his life. I am not aware of the existence of any separate memoir of him, and the accounts in our ordinary biographical collections are meagre and unsatisfactory. The notice of him by Anthony Wood, in his Athenæ Oxonienses (II. 186, Edit. Bliss), is short, but, as usual with that industrious and able antiquary, correct as far as it goes; and such as have followed him have done little more than make a few trifling additions to the text he supplied. The most curious and authentic materials, regarding his early habits, studies, and employments, are furnished by Hakluyt himself, but extremely sparingly, and with a simplicity of narrative, and a modesty of spirit, that increases our admiration of the man, and inspires the fullest confidence in his statements. I allude particularly to the well-known dedications, and other prefatory matters, to his three volumes of “English Voyages, Navigations, Traffics, and Discoveries,” published between the years 1589 and 1600.
XXXI.—Colline de Sacrifices de Chavannes sur le Veyron. Décrite par Frédéric Troyon. Communicated through John Yonge Akerman, Esq. Secretary
Authors: Troyon Frédéric
Published: June 2012

Les habitants de Chavannes ont conservé une ancienne tradition d'après laquelle les payens sacrifiaient autrefois à leurs dieux sur la Motte du Châtelard, située près du village, au bord d'un précipice accidenté au fond duquel est le torrent du Veyron. Jusq'à ces dernières années, on voyait sur le lieu attribué aux sacrifices une colline artificielle, de la forme d'un mamelon arrondi, haute de 22′ sur 114 de diamêtre à sa base, et entourée de deux fossés, disposes en cercles concentriques, qui mesuraient chacun 35′ d'ouverture sur 10 de profondeur; ces fossés étaient séparés l'un de l'autre par une bande de terrain de 40′ de largeur, légèrement exhaussée au-dessus du sol environnant. Les frères Bettens, voulant rendre à la culture cette partie de leur domaine, ont rejeté dans les fossés la terre du mamelon, en pratiquant sur celui-ci des coupes verticales qui m'ont permis d'examiner avec soin l'intérieur de ce monticule. A la base, l'aire de la colline était couverte d'une couche de eendres et de charbons de 8 à 10″ d'épaisseur, sur laquelle reposait un lit de cailloux roulés et de terre argileuse. Au-dessus, venait un nouveau lit de eendres et de charbons, recouvert de terre, et ces couches alternatives se reproduisaient jusqu'au sommet du mamelon. Il est cependant à remarquer que les lits de eendres et de charbons, disposés en 7 à 8 étages irréguliers, ne présentaient pas tous l'épaisseur et la continuité de la couche inférieure. Les lits supérieurs étaient souvent interrompus et quelquefois sépares par des cavités d'autant plus surprenantes que la terre, qui en formait les parois, n'était soutenue par aucun corps solide (PI. XVII. fig. 1. D.); il est probable qu'une matière décomposable a facilité la formation de ces vides, difficiles du reste à expliquer d'une manière satisfaisante. Les tranchées verticales ont mis à jour la composition des couches, dont la couleur variait du noir au gris et au rouge, suivant qu'il y avait eu sur un point ou sur un autre accumulation de charbons, de cendres ou de terre brûlée. Ces divers foyers étaient separés par des couches de 2′ à 8′ d'épaisseur, d'une terre argileuse extrêmement compacte, tandis que le sommet de la colline était formé d'un lit de terre végétale de 2′ d'épaisseur.
VII.—Account of the Opening of the Coffin of Joanna de Bohun, in the Lady Chapel of Hereford Cathedral. By the Very Rev. John Merewether, D.D. Dean of Hereford
Authors: Merewether John
Published: June 2012

Among the many interesting objects which have been brought to light in the progress of the restoration of Hereford Cathedral, a work which, I am proud to say, is entirely worthy of the congratulations and admiration of every lover of ecclesiastical architecture, and its noble achievements of early periods, that which supplies materials for the present communication will not be the least entitled to the notice of the Society of Antiquaries.
III. Letter from Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., F.R.S., to Hudson Gurney, Esq. V.P. upon Three Documents of the Reign of Edward I. preserved among the Exchequer Records at Westminster, relating to Scottish Prisoners
Authors: Palgrave Francis
Published: June 2012

Amongst the documents relating to Scotland of the reign of Edward I. Rymer has printed one (new edition, vol. i. p. 994) to which he gives the following title: “Instrumentum continens nomina plurimorum nobilium Scotiæ fautorum Roberti de Brus qui missi sunt ad diversa castra in Angliam,” including, amongst the mandates for the custody of other prisoners, the well-known order directing the confinement of the Countess of Buchan in a cage at Berwick, and which instrument is quoted by Rymer as being in this repository. I do not, however, find amongst the muniments any one such instrument; but, instead thereof, there are three distinct documents, apparently Orders made by the King in Council, and in which, the several directions for the modes of disposing of these captives were from time to time varied and altered, and in a manner highly deserving of attention. The document given by Rymer, is in fact an instrument framed by him by a consolidation of these orders, not distinguishing where one begins and another ends; and in this process, he has concealed the most remarkable features, namely, the modifications which the orders sustained in their different stages. The documents are all intended for publication by his Majesty's Commissioners on the Public Records, in the volume which is to contain the inedited Scottish documents; but, in the mean while, I trust that a summary of some of the particulars which they disclose, will not be unacceptable to this Society.
IX. Observations on an Autograph of Shakspere, and the orthography of his Name; in a letter from Sir Frederic Madden, K.H. F.R.S. and S.A., to John Gage, Esq. F.R.S., Director
Authors: Madden Frederic
Published: June 2012

I trust it will not be deemed foreign to the pursuits of the Society of Antiquaries, to receive some particulars respecting the Autograph of an individual, the magic of whose name must best plead as my apology for abstracting them from their graver subjects of inquiry. The individual I allude to is no less a personage than our immortal dramatic poet William Shakspere, to mention whom, and to excite curiosity and interest, I may, I believe, in any society of educated persons, assume to be inseparable. By the assistance of my friend Charles Frederick Barnwell, Esq. of the British Museum, I am enabled to lay before the Society an accurate fac-simile of the signature of this Great Man, written on the fly-leaf of a volume which, there is every reason to believe, once formed a part of his library, and which has hitherto, strange to say, been hidden from the knowledge and indefatigable researches of the whole host of Shaksperian commentators, collectors, and illustrators. Already, on the mere announcement of the fact, one might fancy, with nogreat effort of imagination, the shades of Warburton and Johnson, Tyrwhitt and Steevens, Ritson and Chalmers, Warton and Parr, again crowding round the volume, toview the characters traced by the hand of the Bard of Avon; again might we view the adoration of Boswel's bended knees, and on this occasion no sceptic sneer would distort the lip or depress the brow of the critical Malone.
X.“A Description of the Province of Connaught,” dated in the month of “January, 1612,” from a Volume of the Lansdowne Manuscripts, preserved in the British Museum, No. 255, communicated by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: June 2012

“Connaght, by the antient division amonge the Irish, was accompted the fifte parte or Cocge of the Iland of Ireland, and was then and is still called by the name of Cocge Connaght, and contynewed the name and stile of a Kingdome in the posterity of Con Kedcagh, one of the three races discended of Mylle Spaynagh, whome all the Cronicles of Ireland agree to be the absolute conqueror of the whole island.
XV. The Kiss of the Virgin: a Narrative of Researches made in Germany, during the years 1832 and 1834, for the purpose of ascertaining the mode of inflicting that ancient punishment, and of proving the often denied and generally disputed fact of its existence; by R. L. Pearsall, of Willsbridge, Esq. in a Letter addressed to the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, F.S.A. Vicar of Bitton in Gloucestershire
Authors: Pearsall R. L.
Published: June 2012

Every thing involved in mystery carries with it a certain degree of interest, especially when connected with the history of the past; and there are few things more deeply so involved, and more calculated to show the worthlessness of criminal tribunals under irresponsible authority, than the singular judicial enormity commemorated in the following pages.
VII. Observations on the Monumental Effigy of De Mauley, formerly in the Minster at York: by Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, K.H., LL.D., F.S.A.: in a Letter to Albert Way, Esq. M.A., Director
Authors: Meyrick Samuel Rush
Published: June 2012

When we were discussing the meaning of the phrase double maille, I earnestly advised you, when you next visited York, to examine the monumental effigy of De Mauley, in the north aisle of the chancel of the Minster. I repeated this counsel to my friends George Shaw, Esq., architect, and Thomas William King, Esq., Rouge Dragon Pursuivant at Arms, as they were about to proceed to that city. My surprise was great on being informed by both that no such figure could be found, and that the attendants in the cathedral did not seem to know anything about it.
VIII. Account of the Discovery of the Episcopal Rings of John Stanbery and Richard Mayo, Bishops of Hereford, during the progress of recent works of restoration at Hereford Cathedral. By the Very Rev. John Merewether, D.D., F.S.A., F.R.S., Dean of Hereford
Authors: Merewether John
Published: June 2012

Amongst the important operations which the precarious state of many parts of Hereford Cathedral required, the strengthening of the foundations of the range of Norman piers running throughout the church, from the east end of the choir to the west of the nave, was found to be absolutely necessary, not only in those parts immediately circumjacent to the main piers of the central tower, but in several other portions. This has been achieved by the excavation of the earth to the depth of nine or ten feet, and the filling up of the cavities so laid open with concrete. In the course of this process many very curious and interesting discoveries have been made, both in the architectural department and in the disclosure of ancient remains, which at some future time may not be unworthy of a more detailed account. On the present occasion I propose to confine my remarks to two objects which claim particular notice—namely, two Episcopal Rings, which were discovered in the following manner:
XI. Note on a Vase with Pelops Plexippus, in the British Museum. By Samuel Birch, Esq., F.S.A., Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities in the British Museum
Authors: Birch Samuel
Published: June 2012

A cylix of fine ware, with red figures upon a black background, acquired from the Princess de Canino by the British Museum, has, on one side, a combat of warriors, the principal of whom is named Menelaus, MENELEOΣ. The reverse represents a naked youth whose head is crowned, with a garment thrown across his shoulders, leading a horse in each hand by a bridle. Above the head of this figure is inscribed ΠΛEXΣIΠΠOΣ (πλήξιππος.)
XV. Some Observations on the White Horse of Berkshire; by William J. Thoms, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter addressed to Thomas Amyot, Esq. Treasurer of the Society
Authors: Thoms William J.
Published: June 2012

The remarkable Monument of antiquity which gives its name to the Vale of White Horse in Berkshire, has not, I believe, attracted the particular attention of any antiquary since 1738, when the Rev. Francis Wise published his “Letter to Dr. Mead, concerning some Antiquities in Berkshire,” &c.; or, perhaps I should rather say, since 1742, the date of his second work upon the subject, entitled “Further Observations upon the White Horse and other Antiquities in Berkshire,” &c.
XVII. Notice of a leaden Coffin, of early fabric, discovered at Bow, as communicated in a Letter from Charles Roach Smith, Esq. F.S.A., to Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. K.H., F.S.A. Secretary
Authors: Smith Charles Roach
Published: June 2012

Immediately after I had replied to your letter, inclosing a communication from Mr. Forster of Bow, respecting a leaden coffin recently discovered by his workmen, I was favoured with a visit from Mr. E. Stock, of Poplar, for the express purpose of inviting me to accompany him to inspect the relic.
XIX. Letter from Thomas Lott, Esq. F.S.A. to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Secretary, describing some Remains of ancient Buildings on the west side of Bow Churchyard
Authors: Lott Thomas
Published: June 2012

The observations of Mr. Gwilt relative to the Church of St. Mary-le-Bow, in the City of London, and its Saxon or Norman Crypt, published in the fifth volume of the Vetusta Monumenta, with the very accurate illustrative Engravings, excited much interest in relation to the structure; but it is not generally known that there exist, in its immediate neighbourhood, subterranean architectural remains, although evidently of a later date, yet of a very interesting character.
III.—Letter from the Right Honourable Thomas Wyse, H. M. Minister at Athens, to the President, detailing the particulars of the Mischief done to the Erectheium, and to the Temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, in the Storm of October 26th, 1852
Authors: Wyse Thomas
Published: June 2012

I beg to thank you for your kind letter of the 26th Nov., and feel much pleasure in sending you, as you desire, the few notices of any interest I have been able to collect of the fall and present state of the three beautiful Pillars of the Erecthéum, and of the Pillar of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, which has shared in the same fate.
V.—Continuation of Observations on the Ancient Churches in the West of France: in a Letter to the Viscount Mahon, President. By John Henry Parker, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Parker John Henry
Published: June 2012

In my last letter I endeavoured to give some account of the principal buildings in the ancient county of Poitou. The next place of any importance that I stopped at was Angoulême, which is on the direct road to Bordeaux; but, as I afterwards deviated from the direct route, and the church of Angoulême belongs to a very peculiar class, of which the type is the church of S. Front at Perigueux, I think it will be more convenient for me to begin with that church.
VII.—Account of further Excavations on the site of two Roman Villas at Box Moor, Herts. By John Evans, Esq. F.S.A.: in a Letter to Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N. F.R.S., Vice-President
Authors: Evans John
Published: June 2012

In a former communication read before the Society of Antiquaries in December, 1851 (Archæol. Vol. XXXIV. p. 394–398), attention was called to the existence of two Roman Villas, one in the immediate neighbourhood of Boxmoor Station, on the London and North-Western line of railway, and the other at a distance of about a quarter of a mile from it. On the present occasion an account will be given of the result of subsequent excavations carried on at both these spots, and at one of them, as you are aware from personal observation, with some very interesting results.
IX. Letter from Albert Way, Esq. Director, to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Sec., on Palimpsest Sepulchral Brasses; and on a remarkable instance at Hedgerley, Buckinghamshire
Authors: Way Albert
Published: June 2012

The attention of every one who has been interested in researches into the Sepulchral Antiquities, either of the classical or the medieval period, must have been called to observe the wanton recklessness with which the memorials of one generation have been displaced to make way for those of a succeeding age, and the materials appropriated to the purposes of the occasion. Numerous are the instances that might be cited, where sepulchral brasses have thus been sacrilegiously perverted from their original purpose; indeed, among the limited number of memorials of this kind, of which, by their having been detached from the monumental slab, the reverse can be seen, the number of those which are found to be engraved on both sides is proportionally so large, that it might be assumed that the greater part of our sepulchral brasses would be found, were it possible to ascertain the fact, made up of fragments of prior memorials of the dead. In cases of this kind the term Palimpsest Brass seems to be not an inappropriate designation. An example that has recently been supplied from the church of Hedgerley, in Buckinghamshire, is so far interesting from the station of the individual, whose memorial has, after being for three centuries lost in concealment, now been brought to light, that I am inclined to think it may deserve to be brought under the notice of the Society.
XIII. Letter from Captain Nepean, to the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., President, communicating an account of certain Antiquities excavated, under his direction, in the Island of Sacrificios: followed by a Report upon the examination of them, by Samuel Birch, Esq.
Authors: Nepean Evan
Published: June 2012

The public curiosity has been much roused by Stevens's recent work on Central America, as well as by the late visit of Mr. Walker and Captain Caddy of the Artillery, to Palenque, and other ancient cities in that quarter.

I have the honour to acquaint your Lordship, as President of the Society of Antiquaries, that, having been lately on service in the gulph of Mexico, whilst laying off the island of Sacrificios, I caused several excavations to be made there, and succeeded in digging up various articles of pottery, idols, and musical instruments; amongst other specimens, are three or four types, or signets, with hieroglyphics, which may perhaps throw some light on the origin of the Mexicans, or the still more ancient race that preceded them.
XVII. Letter from C. J. Richardson, Esq. F.S.A., to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary, accompanying a Drawing, with Details, of the Sandal-wood Gates of Somnath
Authors: Richardson C. J.
Published: June 2012

I have the honour of laying before the Society of Antiquaries, for their inspection this evening, a drawing of the celebrated Sandal-wood Gates of Somnath; it has been made from some elaborate sketches taken by Lieut.-Col. Luard in the camp of Loodiana, in January last. Independently of the historical interest which these gates possess, they merit consideration from the beauty of their design and execution, proving the high state of art among the Hindoos at the remote period of their construction,—they are probably one thousand years old.
XXI. On a recently opened Tumulus in the neighbourhood of Asterabad, forming part of ancient Hyrcania, and the country of the Parthians. By the Baron Clement Augustus de Bode. Communicated by Charles Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: de Bode Clement Augustus
Published: June 2012

In the spring of 1841 the Beglerbeg, or Chief of Asterabad, a province on the south-eastern shores of the Caspian sea, sent to the Shah of Persia some ancient gold vessels and other curious objects which had been found in an artificial mound near the town of Asterabad. Having been favoured with the sight of them, and taken a sketch of each specimen separately, I had the curiosity to visit during the summer of the same year the spot from whence they had been excavated, and, as this discovery may interest the Society of Antiquaries, and aid them in their researches on the country of the ancient Scythians and Parthians, I take the liberty of offering for their inspection the accompanying drawings, together with a short description of them, and a topographical delineation of the place. (Plate XVI.)
XXII. The King of Birds; or, the Lay of the Phœnix: an Anglo-Saxon Song of the Tenth or Eleventh century. Now first translated into the Metre and Alliteration of the original. By George Stephens, Esq., Corresponding Member of the Literary Society of Finland, and Member of the Council of the Swedish Archæological Society, Author of a Translation of Frithiof's Saga, from the Swedish, &c. &c.
Authors: Stephens George
Published: June 2012

The Myth of the Phœnix is one of the most ancient in the world. Originally a temple-type of the immortality of the soul, its birth-place appears to have been the sunny clime of the fanciful and gorgeous East. Even in the days of Job and of David it was already a popular tradition in Palestine and Arabia. Afterwards it passed over to Egypt, Greece, and Rome; but, as it went, lost feather after feather, until the spiritual, and delicate, and beautiful parable sank into the tangible folk-legend of a nine days' wonder. The fathers of the Christian Church were the first to restore to it its original form and hidden meaning.
XXX. On Antiquarian Excavations and Researches in the Middle Ages. By Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.S.L., Corresponding Member of the Institute of France, &c., in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Wright Thomas
Published: June 2012

Among the ornaments of the splendid votive altar exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries last year by M. le colonel Theubet were three antique engraved gems, one of which, I believe, represented a head of Socrates, another a scarabæus, and the third a figure offering sacrifice at an altar. We have many proofs of the care with which ancient gems and cameos were sought and preserved in the middle ages, and it is probable that some of the most beautiful specimens known in modern times have been derived from the monastic treasuries. The superstition of a barbarous age regarded these relics as things endowed with magic qualities, which possessed healing and protective virtues that rendered them precious to the possessor. It appears that they were sometimes even regarded as natural productions, not formed by the hand of man. As early as the twelfth century (at least) we meet with regular inventories of such gems, with an enumeration of their virtues according to the figures they bore; and I now beg to lay before the society an inventory of this kind in Latin, which is the one of most common occurrence in manuscripts. It appears to me that it possesses considerable interest, and that it may be appropriately introduced by a few anecdotes from old writers illustrative of the excavations and researches amid the ruins of antiquity made by monks and others in the middle ages.
XXXII. The second Patent appointing Edward Duke of Somerset Protector, temp. King Edward the Sixth; introduced by an Historical Review of the various measures connected therewith. In a Letter from John Gough Nichols, Esq., F.S.A., to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Nichols John Gough
Published: June 2012

A document of the highest constitutional importance, and of much historical interest, is in the possession of William Staunton esquire, of Longbridge House, near Warwick, who has entrusted it to my care with the view of its being submitted to the inspection of the Society. It is an original Patent of King Edward the Sixth, dated on the 24th of December, in the first year of his reign, appointing the Duke of Somerset to be Governor of his person, Protector of the Realm, and Lieutenant and Captain-general of the Wars.
V. Transcript of an original Manuscript, containing a Memorial from George Constantyne to Thomas Lord Cromwell. Communicated by Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.R.S., Treasurer, in a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Amyot Thomas
Published: June 2012

By the kindness of my friend Mr. John Payne Collier, I am enabled to transmit to you an original MS. belonging to him, of the time of Henry the Eighth, which, as it relates to contemporaneous events of much historical importance, you will perhaps deem sufficiently interesting to be laid before the Society. Though it bears the title of “Instructions to my Lord Privy Seal,” it was evidently intended by the writer, George Constantyne, to serve as his defence against misrepresentations which had been made to Thomas Lord Cromwell, concerning certain verbal communications in which he had recently been engaged with John Barlow, Dean of Westbury, and Thomas Barlow, a Prebendary of that Collegiate Church.
XIV. Catalogue and Account of certain Vases and other Etruscan Antiquities discovered in 1828 and 1829, by the Prince of Canino: translated, and communicated to the Society of Antiquaries, by Lord Dudley Stuart, in a Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K. T., President
Authors: Stuart Dudley
Published: June 2012

When I last had the honour of seeing you, and showing you the Etruscan ornaments found in the Prince of Canino's excavations, I undertook, with your permission, to send you some account of these excavations, and your Lordship was so good as to say it should be read to the Society of which you are President. As nothing that I can have to say on the subject can be so interesting as the Prince's own account of the discoveries, I have translated the note at the end of the Catalogue which he has printed. I now have the honour of sending you this translation, together with the original, and also a collection of fac-similes of the inscriptions on the vases described. Should the Society be disposed to have these fac-similes printed, I shall be happy to furnish a translation of the descriptions also, which, in that case, ought perhaps to accompany them.
XXIV. A descriptive Outline of the Roman Remains in Norfolk, by Samuel Woodward, Esq., in a Letter to Hudson Gurney, Esq. V.P., F.R.S. accompanied by a Map of the County
Authors: Woodward Samuel
Published: June 2012

Having done me the honour of exhibiting to the Society of Antiquaries in March 1824, a rough draft of a Map of Roman Norfolk, with other Plans which related to Norwich, I now beg leave to transmit to the Society through you a more finished Map, accompanied by a descriptive Outline of the Roman Remains in that county: and in so doing I cannot but suggest, that if others, conversant with antiquarian pursuits, would construct similar Maps of other counties of Great Britain, the whole might form the basis of a Map of Roman Britain, which is much wanted. The advantages resulting, would, I am convinced, fully compensate the labour; much light would be thrown upon the works of Gale, Horsley, Reynolds, and other learned Antiquaries, who have written on the Itinerary of Antoninus; and the early history of this country be placed in a much clearer point of view than it has hitherto been. The accurate Surveys which have been taken of every County have removed the obstacles which before impeded such an attempt; and these, combined with the geological researches which have of late years been made, particularly in our maritime counties, afford sure data for such an undertaking.
XXV. Description of the Matrix of the Seal of Southwick Priory, in Hampshire; in a Letter to Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.R.S., Treasurer, from Frederic Madden, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Madden Frederic
Published: June 2012

I beg leave to submit to the attention of the Society impressions in wax of the singular and beautiful Seal of Southwick Priory, in Hampshire, to which I am happy to be enabled to add, by permission of the owner, John Bonham Carter, Esq. M. P. the original Matrix from which the impressions were taken. It is presumed with some confidence, that this Matrix is the only specimen in existence of a very peculiar and artificial mode of forming ancient conventual Seals, nor have my researches enabled me to discover any similar instance of a seal so made, except that of the Priory of Christchurch, Canterbury. It is much to be regretted, that the few writers who have endeavoured to illustrate the use of ancient English Seals, should have chiefly directed their attention to the antiquity of the practice, or to the explanation of the figures, badges, or bearings of the Seals themselves, but afford us but little, if any, information concerning the mode of preparing the wax, taking the impressions, affixing the seals to the deeds, or even of the forms and material of the matrices. In short, whatever is known of the theoretical, we are as yet almost ignorant of the practical use of sigillation adopted by our ancestors.
X. Extracts from a Manuscript containing Portions of the Proceedings of the Corporation of Lynn Regis, in Norfolk, from 1430 to 1731, taken from the Hall Books; communicated by Hudson Gurney, Esq. F.R.S., V.P. in a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Gurney Hudson
Published: June 2012

My relation, Mr. Daniel Gurney, Fellow of the Society, having informed me that he had been entrusted with a Manuscript belonging to Mr. Lane, of Lynn Regis in Norfolk, which contained Extracts of the Proceedings of the Corporation of Lynn, from 1430 to 1731, shewing the municipal arrangements of that town for three centuries, and which gave a very curious account of the manner of their early elections of Burgesses in Parliament, I requested him to have the notices of these last copied for me; and as they appear to me of singular interest at the present time, when most of our old customs, with many of our ancient institutions, are becoming more and more rapidly matters of history, I send them to you, as I have received them, for communication to the Society.