bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innominate Artery Cannulation and Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion for Aortic Arch Reconstruction in Infants and Children
Authors: Nasirov Teimour , Mainwaring Richard D. , Reddy V. Mohan , Sleasman Justin , Margetson Tristan , Hanley Frank L.
Published: October 2013

Purpose:

Innominate artery cannulation has been widely adopted as a means to perform aortic arch reconstruction with continuous cerebral perfusion in the newborn. Although this technique has been subsequently utilized in infants and children, there is currently no data regarding the safety or efficacy in these older children. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with innominate artery cannulation for aortic arch reconstruction in patients beyond the neonatal period.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of 42 infants and children who underwent aortic arch reconstruction using the technique of innominate artery cannulation with continuous cerebral perfusion. Of these procedures, 29 (69%) were primary arch reconstructions, while 13 (31%) were aortic arch reoperations. The median age at surgery was 8 months, and 22 patients underwent concomitant intracardiac repairs.

Results:

There was no operative mortality in this cohort of 42 patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction. There was also no overt evidence of neurologic injury. Specifically, none of the patients demonstrated a neurologic deficit, clinical seizure, or unexpected delay in regaining a normal state of consciousness. The median duration of antegrade cerebral perfusion was 34 minutes. The median duration of hospital stay was 11 days. No patient required reoperation on the aortic arch with a median of 45-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

Innominate artery cannulation is a safe and effective technique for aortic arch reconstruction in nonneonates. We conclude that antegrade cerebral perfusion is a useful technique for aortic arch reconstruction in this patient population.
Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study - time trends and predictors of survival: a cohort study
Authors: Worm Signe W , Bower Mark , Reiss Peter , Bonnet Fabrice , Law Matthew , Fätkenheuer Gerd , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Abrams Donald I , Grulich Andrew , Fontas Eric , Kirk Ole , Furrer Hansjakob , Wit Stephane De , Phillips Andrew , Lundgren Jens D , Sabin Caroline A ,   for the D:A:D Study Group
Published: October 2013

Background

Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incidence of NADC from 2004–2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these.

Methods

Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new NADC, 1st February 2010, death or six months after the patient’s last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of HIV acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following NADC diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of NADC diagnosis until the patient’s death, 1st February 2010 or 6 months after the patient’s last visit. Factors associated with mortality following NADC diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Over 176,775 person-years (PY), 880 (2.1%) patients developed a new NADC (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these patients (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5 years after NADC diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of NADC were lung cancer (compared to other cancer types), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher CD4 count at NADC diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of NADC remained stable over the period 2004–2010 in this large observational cohort.

Conclusions

The prognosis after diagnosis of NADC, in particular lung cancer and disseminated cancer, is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low CD4 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of NADC.
Characterization of Norovirus RNA replicase for in vitro amplification of RNA
Authors: Arai Hidenao , Nishigaki Koichi , Nemoto Naoto , Suzuki Miho , Husimi Yuzuru
Published: October 2013

Background

The isothermal amplification of RNA in vitro has been used for the study of in vitro evolution of RNA. Although Qβ replicase has been traditionally used as an enzyme for this purpose, we planned to use norovirus replicase (NV3Dpol) due to its structural simplicity in the scope of in vitro autonomous evolution of the protein. Characteristics of the enzyme NV3Dpol
in vitro were re-evaluated in this context.

Results

NV3Dpol, synthesized by using a cell-free translation system, represented the activities which were reported in the previous several studies and the reports were not fully consistent each other. The efficiency of the initiation of replication was dependent on the 3’-terminal structure of single-stranded RNA template, and especially, NV3Dpol preferred a self-priming small stem-loop. In the non-self-priming and primer-independent replication reaction, the presence of -CCC residues at the 3’-terminus increased the initiation efficiency and we demonstrated the one-pot isothermal RNA (even dsRNA) amplification by 16-fold. NV3Dpol also showed a weak activity of elongation-reaction from a long primer. Based on these results, we present a scheme of the primer-independent isothermal amplification of RNA with NV3Dpol
in vitro.

Conclusions

NV3Dpol can be used as an RNA replicase in in vitro RNA + protein evolution with the RNA of special terminal sequences.
Sizing the association between lifestyle behaviours and fatness in a large, heterogeneous sample of youth of multiple ethnicities from 4 countries
Authors: Sluyter John D , Scragg Robert KR , Plank Lindsay D , Waqa Gade D , Fotu Kalesita F , Swinburn Boyd A
Published: October 2013

Background

The magnitude of the relationship between lifestyle risk factors for obesity and adiposity is not clear. The aim of this study was to clarify this in order to determine the level of importance of lifestyle factors in obesity aetiology.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was carried out on data on youth who were not trying to change weight (n = 5714), aged 12 to 22 years and from 8 ethnic groups living in New Zealand, Australia, Fiji and Tonga. Demographic and lifestyle data were measured by questionnaires. Fatness was measured by body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score and bioimpedance analysis, which was used to estimate percent body fat and total fat mass (TFM). Associations between lifestyle and body composition variables were examined using linear regression and forest plots.

Results

TV watching was positively related to fatness in a dose-dependent manner. Strong, dose-dependent associations were observed between fatness and soft drink consumption (positive relationship), breakfast consumption (inverse relationship) and after-school physical activity (inverse relationship). Breakfast consumption-fatness associations varied in size across ethnic groups. Lifestyle risk factors for obesity were associated with percentage differences in body composition variables that were greatest for TFM and smallest for BMI.

Conclusions

Lifestyle factors were most strongly related to TFM, which suggests that studies that use BMI alone to quantify fatness underestimate the full effect of lifestyle on adiposity. This study clarifies the size of lifestyle-fatness relationships observed in previous studies.
Xylo- and cello-oligosaccharide oxidation by gluco-oligosaccharide oxidase from Sarocladium strictumand variants with reduced substrate inhibition
Authors: Vuong Thu V , Vesterinen Arja-Helena , Foumani Maryam , Juvonen Minna , Seppälä Jukka , Tenkanen Maija , Master Emma R
Published: October 2013

Background

The oxidation of carbohydrates from lignocellulose can facilitate the synthesis of new biopolymers and biochemicals, and also reduce sugar metabolism by lignocellulolytic microorganisms, reserving aldonates for fermentation to biofuels. Although oxidoreductases that oxidize cellulosic hydrolysates have been well characterized, none have been reported to oxidize substituted or branched xylo-oligosaccharides. Moreover, this is the first report that identifies amino acid substitutions leading to GOOX variants with reduced substrate inhibition.

Results

The recombinant wild type gluco-oligosaccharide oxidase (GOOX) from the fungus Sarocladium strictum, along with variants that were generated by site-directed mutagenesis, retained the FAD cofactor, and showed high activity on cello-oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharides, including substituted and branched xylo-oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometric analyses confirmed that GOOX introduces one oxygen atom to oxidized products, and 1H NMR and tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that oxidation was restricted to the anomeric carbon. The A38V mutation, which is close to a predicted divalent ion-binding site in the FAD-binding domain of GOOX but 30 Å away from the active site, significantly increased the k
cat and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme on all oligosaccharides. Eight amino acid substitutions were separately introduced to the substrate-binding domain of GOOX-VN (at positions Y72, E247, W351, Q353 and Q384). In all cases, the K
m of the enzyme variant was higher than that of GOOX, supporting the role of corresponding residues in substrate binding. Most notably, W351A increased K
m values by up to two orders of magnitude while also increasing k
cat up to 3-fold on cello- and xylo-oligosaccharides and showing no substrate inhibition.

Conclusions

This study provides further evidence that S. strictum GOOX has broader substrate specificity than the enzyme name implies, and that substrate inhibition can be reduced by removing aromatic side chains in the -2 binding subsite. Of the enzyme variants, W351A might be particularly advantageous when oxidizing oligosaccharides present at high substrate concentrations often experienced in industrial processes.
Interpretation of porosity and fluid constituents from well logs using an interactive neutron-density matrix scale
Authors: Ijasan Olabode , Torres-Verdín Carlos , Preeg William E.
Published: October 2013

Neutron and density logs are important borehole measurements for estimating reservoir capacity and inferring saturating fluids. The neutron log, measuring the hydrogen index, is commonly expressed in apparent water-filled porosity units assuming a constant matrix lithology whereby it is not always representative of actual pore fluid. By contrast, a lithology-independent porosity calculation from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and/or core measurements provides reliable evaluations of reservoir capacity. In practice, not all wells include core or NMR measurements. We discovered an interpretation workflow wherein formation porosity and hydrocarbon constituents can be estimated from density and neutron logs using an interactive, variable matrix scale specifically suited for the precalculated matrix density. First, we estimated matrix components from combinations of nuclear logs (photoelectric factor, spontaneous gamma ray, neutron, and density) using Schlumberger’s nuclear parameter calculator (SNUPAR) as a matrix compositional solver while assuming freshwater-filled formations. The combined effects of grain density, volumetric concentration of shale, matrix hydrogen, and neutron lithology units define an interactive matrix scale for correction of neutron porosity. Under updated matrix conditions, the resulting neutron-density crossover can only be attributed to pore volume and saturating fluid effects. Second, porosity, connate-water saturation, and hydrocarbon density are calculated from the discrepancy between corrected neutron and density logs using SNUPAR and Archie’s water saturation equation, thereby eliminating the assumption of freshwater saturation. With matrix effects eliminated from the neutron-density overlay, gas- or light-oil-saturated formations exhibiting the characteristic gas neutron-density crossover become representative of saturating hydrocarbons. This behavior gives a clear qualitative distinction between hydrocarbon-saturated and nonviable depth zones.
Seismic Performance of a Six-Story Reinforced Concrete Masonry Building during the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Centeno Jose , Ventura Carlos E. , Ingham Jason M.
Published: October 2013

During the Christchurch earthquake of February 2011, several midrise reinforced concrete masonry (RCM) buildings showed performance levels that fall in the range of life safety to near collapse. A case study of one of these buildings, a six-story RCM building deemed to have reached the near collapse performance level, is presented in this paper. The RCM walls on the second floor failed due to toe crushing, reducing the building's lateral resistance in the east–west direction. A three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear dynamic analysis was conducted to simulate the development of the governing failure mechanism. Analysis results showed that the walls that were damaged were subjected to large compression loads during the earthquake, which caused an increase in their in-plane lateral strength but reduced their ductility capacity. After toe crushing failure, axial instability of the model was prevented by a redistribution of gravity loads.
Plasma membrane receptors of the mononuclear phagocyte system
Authors: Gordon Siamon , Perry V. Hugh , Rabinowitz Stephen , Chung Lap-Ping , Rosen Hugh
Published: October 2013

Plasma membrane receptors control macrophage activities such as growth, differentiation and activation, migration, recognition, endocytosis and secretion. They are therefore important in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including host defence, inflammation and repair, involving all systems of the body including the arterial wall and nervous system. The versatile responsiveness of these cells to various stimuli depends on their ability to express a large repertoire of receptors, some restricted to macrophages and closely related cells, others common to many cell types.

This volume contains reviews of the macrophage receptors that are best characterized and deals with aspects of signal transduction and function of the actin cytoskeleton. Our introduction is designed to place these topics in perspective. We summarize features of constitutive and induced mononuclear phagocyte distribution within the body and consider receptor expression and macrophage responses in the context of cell heterogeneity associated with its complex life history. We classify receptors discussed in detail in other chapters, list ligand-binding properties that are not as well defined, and briefly review general features of receptor function in macrophages. An understanding of macrophage receptor biology should bring insights into the contribution of these cells to physiology and disease and result in an improved ability to manipulate activities within the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Synthetic Analogues of the Active Sites of Nitrogenase and [NiFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro
Published: October 2013

Biological nitrogen fixation and H2 metabolism are mediated by nitrogenase and hydrogenase, respectively. Their active sites consist of complex transition-metal sulfide/thiolate clusters, which have been long-standing synthetic challenges. This account describes our synthetic approaches toward the active sites of nitrogenase and [NiFe] hydrogenase. A new class of iron–sulfur clusters modeling or structurally analogous to the nitrogenase metallo-clusters, namely P-cluster and FeMo-cofactor, have been synthesized from homogeneous self-assembly reactions of iron(II) amide or mesityl complexes with bulky thiols and elemental sulfur in toluene. A series of thiolate-bridged Fe–Ni complexes modeling the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase have been synthesized via two ways: One is to use iron(II)–dithiolate complexes carrying CO and CN ligands as precursors to provide the (CO/CN)Fe–Ni complexes. The other way is to split a tetranuclear (CO)3Fe–Ni–Ni–Fe(CO)3 complex, which is available from a sequential reaction of [FeBr2(CO)4] with NaStBu and NiBr2(EtOH)4 at −40 °C.
Aqueous Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Using Self-aggregating Peptides
Authors: Kim Dukeun , Sawada Toshiki , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: October 2013

A novel method to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water using self-aggregating peptides was demonstrated. SWNT dispersion was performed by the addition of water to solid mixtures of SWNTs and the peptides, in addition to subsequent sonication processes. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that our method successfully disentangled and dispersed larger amounts of SWNTs with better dispersion stability as compared to conventional methods.
Protein structure quality assessment based on the distance profiles of consecutive backbone Cα atoms
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep , Venkatramani Ravindra , Rao Basuthkar J. , Asgeirsson Bjarni , Dandekar Abhaya M.
Published: October 2013

Predicting the three dimensional native state structure of a protein from its primary sequence is an unsolved grand challenge in molecular biology. Two main computational approaches have evolved to obtain the structure from the protein sequence - ab initio/de novo methods and template-based modeling - both of which typically generate multiple possible native state structures. Model quality assessment programs (MQAP) validate these predicted structures in order to identify the correct native state structure. Here, we propose a MQAP for assessing the quality of protein structures based on the distances of consecutive Cα atoms. We hypothesize that the root-mean-square deviation of the distance of consecutive Cα (RDCC) atoms from the ideal value of 3.8 Å, derived from a statistical analysis of high quality protein structures (top100H database), is minimized in native structures. Based on tests with the top100H set, we propose a RDCC cutoff value of 0.012 Å, above which a structure can be filtered out as a non-native structure. We applied the RDCC discriminator on decoy sets from the Decoys 'R' Us database to show that the native structures in all decoy sets tested have RDCC below the 0.012 Å cutoff. While most decoy sets were either indistinguishable using this discriminator or had very few violations, all the decoy structures in the fisa decoy set were discriminated by applying the RDCC criterion. This highlights the physical non-viability of the fisa decoy set, and possible issues in benchmarking other methods using this set. The source code and manual is made available at https://github.com/sanchak/mqap and permanently available on 10.5281/zenodo.7134.
Dutch punk with eastern connections: Mapping cultural flows between East and West Europe
Authors: Lohman Kirsty
Published: October 2013

This article provides an understanding of complex cultural flows between Eastern Europe and ‘western’ punk music. This flow is investigated through examples of East–West interactions that take places within the punk subculture in The Netherlands. The article argues that these exchanges complicate the notion of mimesis of ‘the West’ by the rest of the world, whilst highlighting a continued structural inequality in this relationship. In doing so this article builds upon debates that appear in the special edition of Punk and Post-Punk, ‘Punk – but not as we know it: Special issue on punk in post-socialist space’. Drawing on interview data from fieldwork conducted in The Netherlands, the article highlights aspects of cross-cultural exchange: the circulation of political ideas amongst Europe’s left wing, the migration out of Eastern Europe following the fall of communism, and the political economy of punk as illustrated through bands’ touring practices. These aspects are situated within debates around the local/global in a punk scene, centre/periphery inequality in Do It Yourself (DIY) culture, and rhizomic forms of influence within cultural flow.
A soluble form of the macrophage-related mannose receptor (MR/CD206) is present in human serum and elevated in critical illness
Authors: Rødgaard-Hansen Sidsel , Rafique Aisha , Christensen Peter A. , Maniecki Maciej B. , Sandahl Thomas D. , Nexø Ebba , Møller Holger Jon
Published: October 2013

Background: This study tests the hypothesis that the mannose receptor (MR/CD206), which is expressed primarily by macrophages and dendritic cells, can be found in a soluble form (sMR, sMR) in human serum. Furthermore, we wished to establish and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sMR and to perform initial studies exploring the potential of sMR as a biomarker.

Methods: Western blotting identified a single band of approximately 170 kDa in human serum, and MALDI MS/MS of the purified protein confirmed it to be sMR. An ELISA was established and validated with a measurement range of 1–256 µg/L.

Results: The 95% reference interval was 0.10–0.43 mg/L based on measurements of serum samples from healthy individuals (n=217). Samples from hospitalised patients (n=219) revealed that more than 50% of patients had concentrations above 0.43 mg/L. Very high concentrations (up to 6.2 mg/L) were observed in critically ill patients with sepsis and/or severe liver disease.

Conclusions: This study documents, for the first time, the presence of sMR in human serum and describes an optimised ELISA suitable for quantitative measurements. Levels of sMR are strongly elevated in several disease states, including sepsis and liver disease, and the protein therefore shows promise as a new biomarker.
Distribution of performance-related gene polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X and ACE ID) in different ethnic groups of the Indian Army
Authors: Bhagi Shuchi , Srivastava Swati , Sarkar Soma , Singh Shashi Bala
Published: October 2013

Background: India has a heterogeneous geographical location with varying ethnic groups with distinct genetic pools. Polymorphisms R577X and insertion/deletion (I/D), occurring in α-actinin3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes, respectively, are reportedly associated with sprint and endurance performance. The normative genetic background of a population provides the baseline genetic diversity of the population.

Methods: We investigated the distribution of R577X and I/D polymorphisms in four Indian ethnic populations employed in the Indian Army that requires high levels of physical fitness. A total of 598 army subjects with four different ethnicities were recruited for the study: Rajputs, South Indians, Gorkhas, and Ladakhis. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by statistical analysis.

Results: The present study reports for the first time the genotypic distribution of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in four ethnic groups of the Indian population with no significant change in distribution of R and X alleles among these groups and their overall percentage bearing similarity with the Caucasian population. ACE I/D polymorphism showed significant differences between Rajputs and Gorkhas, Rajputs and Ladakhis, Gorkhas and South Indians, and South Indians and Ladakhis. Combined genotypic analysis showed the highest frequencies of ID+RX in all ethnic groups.

Conclusions: Our study reports the genetic predominance of ACE I allele in Gorkhas and I allele predominance in Ladakhis for the first time, thus suggesting that they could be better endurance performers. Both these ethnic groups evolved from the Mongolian race and hence could have similar genotypic distribution. This study provides a comparative account of the Indian normative genetic data in performance-related genes.
Hematological profile in neonatal jaundice
Authors: Mishra Jyoti Prakash , Mishra Jayanti , Padhi Rajesh Kumar , Mishra Soumya , Manjareeka Magna
Published: October 2013

Background: Neonatal morbidity due to neonatal jaundice is an alarming situation, which needs to be detected and managed at the earliest possible. Many different etiologies come into play together, and at times, it is difficult to isolate the cause of neonatal jaundice. Certain diagnostic tests such as hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte count, leukocyte count, and blood grouping might hasten the diagnosis. This study analyzes the different parameters of hematological profile and how they influence the various etiologies of neonatal jaundice.

Methods: One hundred jaundiced neonates admitted to the pediatric care unit of MKCG Medical Hospital, Odisha, were considered as subjects for this study. Blood tests were done, and accordingly, the neonates were grouped into three depending on the leukocyte count, reticulocyte count, and hemoglobin levels. Blood grouping of mother and baby was done to see the pattern of ABO incompatibility.

Results: Physiological jaundice cases showed no significant variations in hematological profile, while jaundice due to ABO incompatibility, septicemia, Rh incompatibility, intracranial hemorrhage, and G6PD deficiency had anemia, reticulocytosis, and leukocytosis.

Conclusions: The results can be used for early and simple investigation method for the diagnosis of neonatal jaundice.
Allelic Diversity and Its Implications for the Rate of Adaptation
Authors: Caballero Armando , García-Dorado Aurora
Published: October 2013

Genetic variation is usually estimated empirically from statistics based on population gene frequencies, but alternative statistics based on allelic diversity (number of allelic types) can provide complementary information. There is a lack of knowledge, however, on the evolutionary implications attached to allelic-diversity measures, particularly in structured populations. In this article we simulated multiple scenarios of single and structured populations in which a quantitative trait subject to stabilizing selection is adapted to different fitness optima. By forcing a global change in the optima we evaluated which diversity variables are more strongly correlated with both short- and long-term adaptation to the new optima. We found that quantitative genetic variance components for the trait and gene-frequency-diversity measures are generally more strongly correlated with short-term response to selection, whereas allelic-diversity measures are more correlated with long-term and total response to selection. Thus, allelic-diversity variables are better predictors of long-term adaptation than gene-frequency variables. This observation is also extended to unlinked neutral markers as a result of the information they convey on the demographic population history. Diffusion approximations for the allelic-diversity measures in a finite island model under the infinite-allele neutral mutation model are also provided.
Efficient Production of Fluorescent Polydiacetylene-Containing Liposomes for Pathogen Detection and Identification
Authors: Wright-Walker Cassandra J. , Hansen Caroline E. , Evans Michael A. , Nyers Emily S. , Hanks Timothy W.
Published: October 2013

Amphiphilic diacetylenes (DAs) can self-assemble into photopolymerizable liposomes that can be used to construct effective pathogen sensors. Here, modified commercial inkjet printers are used to disperse DAs into water, facilitating self-assembly. The liposomes are of similar size, but are significantly less polydisperse than liposomes formed using conventional sonication methods. The process is efficient, readily scalable and tolerant of structural modification. The derivitization of approximately 5% of the DA head groups and the incorporation of fluorophores into the hydrophobic bilayer allows for the preparation of novel multifluorophore PDA sensing systems that can provide enhanced bacterial discrimination in a single experiment by way of a fluorescent fingerprint.
Proibicionismo e a criminalização de adolescentes pobres por tráfico de drogas
Authors: Rocha Andréa Pires
Published: October 2013

O proibicionismo, a "guerra às drogas" e a criminalização da pobreza são elementos situados no âmbito político e ideológico, se materializam na luta de classes e são utilizados para o controle social. Mostramos a partir de alguns trechos de sentenças judiciais e manifestação do Ministério Público, o quanto os discursos ideologizados justificam a criminalização de adolescentes pobres por tráfico de drogas, colocando‑os como inimigos sociais sem considerar as contradições e riscos que são submetidos cotidianamente.
Riscos de distúrbios osteomusculares em punhos de trabalhadores de uma indústria de pescados
Authors: Guimarães Bruno Maia de , Azevedo Leonardo Soares de
Published: October 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho são patologias muito frequentes no meio industrial, principalmente quando os trabalhadores se encontram expostos a fatores de risco como, por exemplo, posturas inadequadas, repetitividade, uso de força excessiva e a exposição a vibrações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o risco de distúrbios osteomusculares nos punhos de trabalhadores de uma indústria de pescados da cidade de Recife (PE). METODOLOGIA: Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa baseada no método Strain Index (SI), o qual resulta em uma pontuação numérica que aponta a probabilidade de desenvolvimento de distúrbios osteomusculares no punho. O índice é baseado na pontuação do SI, representado pela interação multiplicativa entre as variáveis da tarefa: intensidade do esforço, duração do esforço, frequência do esforço, postura da mão e punho, ritmo de trabalho e duração diária da tarefa. RESULTADOS: O valor encontrado foi de SI = 9 para ambos os punhos, classificando-o como uma atividade com alto risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios osteomusculares nos punhos dos trabalhadores. CONCLUSÃO: A indicação da presença dos riscos desses distúrbios nos punhos durante a realização da atividade de trabalho foi determinada pela pontuação do SI, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenção ergonômica.
Effects of a physical therapy program on quality of life among community-dwelling elderly women: randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Aveiro Mariana Chaves , Driusso Patricia , Santos Julia Gianjoppe dos , Kiyoto Viviane Dassi , Oishi Jorge
Published: October 2013

INTRODUCTION: Health promotion policies for encouraging elderly to remain active, independent and, effectively have a positive effect on their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of a low-intensity group-based physical therapy program on quality of life among community-dwelling elderly women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was carried out a randomized controlled trial. Seventeen women (67.8 ± 4.9 years old) that completed 12-week training program and 10 women (68.9 ± 5.7 years old) that were included in control group answered the abbreviated version for World Health Organization Quality of life Questionnaire - WHOQOL-bref at baseline and after 12 weeks. Exercise group performed stretching, resistance and balance training. Intragroup and intergroup analysis was made using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. The level of significance used for all comparisons was 5%. Furthermore, it was determined the Reliable Change Index (RCI) as part of JT Method. RESULTS: Exercise group presented a significant improvement for Psychological domain (p = 0.047) after 12-week physical therapy program. Otherwise, control group presented a significant worsening for overall (p = 0.01), physical (p = 0.01) and psychological (p = 0.008) domains. Exercise group presented two participants with positive reliable change (PRC) for social domain, two participants with PRC for Environment domain. Overall and Physical domain presented three participants with PRC. Psychological domain presented four participants with PRC and one with negative reliable change. CONCLUSION: A low-intensity group-based physical therapy program may contribute in order to maintain quality of life and improve some psychological aspects among community-dwelling elderly women.
A aquisição da motricidade em crianças portadoras de Síndrome de Down que realizam fisioterapia ou praticam equoterapia
Authors: Torquato Jamili Anbar , Lança Aline Féria , Pereira Décio , Carvalho Felipe Gonzalez , Silva Roberta Dutra da
Published: October 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O equilíbrio corporal é um processo complexo envolvendo recepção e integração de estímulos sensoriais integrando as informações provenientes do sistema vestibular, dos receptores visuais e do sistema somatossensorial. OBJETIVO: Verificar a aquisição de marcos motores em crianças portadoras de Síndrome de Down que realizam a equoterapia ou fisioterapia convencional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que contou com 33 indivíduos portadores de Síndrome de Down com idade entre 4 e 13 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo 1 - equoterapia; Grupo 2 - fisioterapia em solo. A motricidade global, o equilíbrio estático e o dinâmico foram avaliados com uso da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM). Utilizou-se um questionário para relatar a aquisição de marcos motores, prováveis alterações na acuidade auditiva, visual e/ou posturais, força muscular e o tempo de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Para analise das variáveis, realizou-se o teste de Shapiro--Wilk, o teste de Qui-Quadrado e o teste Exato de Fisher, o teste t e ANOVA seguido de post hoc de Bonferroni; o nível de significância foi 0,05. As aquisições dos marcos motores nas crianças portadoras de Síndrome de Down apresentam atraso considerável em comparação com crianças com desenvolvimento normal p < 0,05. As crianças que realizam fisioterapia apresentam melhor equilíbrio estático e dinâmico do que indivíduos que realizam equoterapia p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: A fisioterapia convencional teve influência positiva na obtenção das aquisições motoras e do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico em portadores de Síndrome de Down.
Comprometimento sensório-motor dos membros inferiores em diabéticos do tipo 2
Authors: Barrile Silvia Regina , Ribeiro Aline Aparecida , Costa Ana Paula Rodrigues da , Viana Ariane Aparecida , De Conti Marta Helena Souza , Martinelli Bruno
Published: October 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A alta incidência do Diabetes mellitus (DM) na população torna essa patologia alvo de muitas pesquisas. Uma das complicações do DM é a neuropatia periférica crônica caracterizada por atrofia e degeneração axonal e/ou alteração da célula de Schwann. A fisioterapia atua na estimulação da regeneração da fibra nervosa, o que reduz o risco de desenvolvimento do pé diabético. OBJETIVO: Identificar o comprometimento da sensibilidade nos membros inferiores (MMII) de diabéticos e verificar fatores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do pé diabético, como glicemia, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), tempo de diagnóstico, pressão arterial e antropometria. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os diabéticos foram avaliados na Associação dos Diabéticos de Bauru, participaram de entrevista e foram submetidos a antropometria, triagem pressórica e teste neurossensorial no Sistema Pontuação Clínica Toronto (SPCT). RESULTADOS: Os 68 pacientes (61,76% mulheres e 38,23% homens) tinham 62,93 ± 9,64 anos, apresentaram pressão sistólica de 132,54 ± 17,95 mmHg e diastólica 80,39 ± 11,35 mmHg, índice de massa corpórea 30,34 ± 5,80 kg/m², glicemia 149,20 ± 60,37mg/dL, HbA1c 7,72 ± 1,4%; tempo de diagnóstico de um a 34 anos. Dentre eles, 80,88% apresentavam sobrepeso; 72,06%, hipertensão arterial; 42,64%, dislipidemia; 14,7%, problemas renais; e 17,64%, vasculares. Pelo SPCT, 97,05% apresentavam neuropatia, 95,59% com simetria. Na avaliação, 57,35% apresentavam alteração sensitiva protetora; 60,29%, sensibilidade térmica; 26,47%, tátil; 17,64%, vibratória; 7,35%, dolorosa; e 1,47%, alteração cinestésica. Nos pés, 72,05% apresentavam pele ressecada; 64,70%, fissuras; 54,41%, calosidade; e 44,11%, micose; 50% referiram dor; 39,7%, dormência; 41,17%, parestesia; 27,94%, ataxia. Reflexos estavam ausentes ou diminuídos em 14,71% dos indivíduos; desses, 38,23% no Aquileu. Observou-se correlação positiva entre o SPCT com a glicemia e a circunferência abdominal e a hemoglobina glicada com a glicemia. CONCLUSÃO: Houve grande incidência de neuropatia simétrica; alteração de sensibilidade com presença de sinais clínicos, sintomas, arreflexia e hiporeflexia; e incidência de obesidade e hipertensão associadas. Faz-se necessário o acompanhamento da fisioterapia na avaliação da sensibilidade para prevenir, reduzir sintomas e melhorar a circulação sanguínea em MMII.
Fortalecimento dos estabilizadores da cintura escapular na dor no ombro: revisão sistemática
Authors: Stapait Eduardo Luiz , Dalsoglio Maira , Ehlers Angela Marisa , Santos Gilmar Moraes
Published: October 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O controle e a ativação dos músculos estabilizadores são importantes para evitar a dor no ombro; dessa forma, o fortalecimento desses músculos pode auxiliar na redução e prevenção da dor no ombro. OBJETIVO: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre o efeito do fortalecimento da musculatura estabilizadora da cintura escapular na redução da dor não diagnosticada no ombro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se ensaios clínicos aleatórios publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, PEDro e Cochrane Library que investigaram o efeito do fortalecimento da musculatura estabilizadora da cintura escapular na dor, função, amplitude de movimento e força muscular de sujeitos adultos (≥ 21 anos) com dor no ombro. A Escala PEDro foi utilizada para determinar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. RESULTADOS: Após seleção, encontraram-se 489 artigos; destes, cinco artigos corresponderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os cinco estudos analisavam o efeito do fortalecimento da musculatura estabilizadora associado a alongamento e outras formas de tratamento. Todos os estudos observaram redução da dor e melhora da função após o fortalecimento associado ao alongamento. A ADM e a força parecem melhorar após o fortalecimento associado ao alongamento. Entretanto, a qualidade metodológica e o número reduzido de estudos para cada desfecho não permitem inferir sobre a efetividade da intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: O fortalecimento dos estabilizadores associado ao alongamento diminui a dor e melhora a função do ombro. Futuros ensaios clínicos randomizados devem focar na melhor qualidade metodológica para verificar a efetividade do fortalecimento da musculatura estabilizadora da cintura escapular.
Em busca de um novo horizonte: o encontro de artes e tradição gaúcha e a universalização do tradicionalismo
Authors: Brum Ceres Karam
Published: October 2013

O artigo se inspira no livro A parte e o todo: a diversidade cultural no Brasil-nação em que Oliven (2006), no capítulo intitulado "Em busca do tempo perdido: o Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho" aborda sua constituição histórica e dimensões antropológicas. Ao igualmente ressaltar seu caráter mítico de invenção das tradições gaúchas pelos tradicionalistas como diferenciador dessa produção de identidades regionais, com relação ao Brasil objetiva-se dialogar com a análise do autor, e com o campo inaugurado por Hobsbawm e Ranger (1984). Apresenta seus desdobramentos através da análise do Encontro de Artes e Tradição Gaúcha, enfocando as novas dinâmicas encontradas pelos tradicionalistas para sua expansão como movimento cultural. O Enart é aqui apresentado através de um paralelo entre dados etnográficos das edições de 2001 e de 2012. O evento, na 27ª edição, é um concurso de arte tradicionalista de grandes proporções que acontece em três fases, anualmente. Sua fase final, que alcança proporções de megaevento, ocorre em novembro, na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS). Reúne artistas amadores que representam Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTGs) em diversas modalidades, tais como danças tradicionais, declamação, canto, instrumentos musicais, etc. Essas manifestações são relacionadas ao gauchismo e organizadas pelo Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho (MTG). Deseja-se demonstrar que o MTG vem produzindo estratégias pedagógicas de reinvenção do local nas quais se inscreve o Enart. Uma das propostas do artigo é relacioná-lo ao desejo de expansão e universalização do tradicionalismo gaúcho, que busca um novo horizonte como movimento cultural e suas repercussões.
Prosperidad y espiritualismo para todos: un análisis sobre la noción de emprendedor en eventos masivos de Buenos Aires
Authors: Vargas Patricia , Viotti Nicolás
Published: October 2013

Este artículo pretende contribuir al análisis del valor del emprendedurismo en las sociedades modernas contemporáneas. A partir del retrato etnográfico de grandes eventos públicos realizados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires vinculados con el emprendedurismo empresarial y las espiritualidades alternativas, se enfatizan aquí dos dimensiones específicas: los valores de la realización personal, concentrados en la búsqueda de prosperidad, y el modo en que los grandes eventos promueven formas novedosas de socialidad entre colectivos identificados con las clases medias.
Formação de professores para a educação especial: uma discussão sobre os modelos brasileiro e italiano
Authors: Greguol Márcia , Gobbi Erica , Carraro Attilio
Published: October 2013

Com os recentes avanços legislativos no sentido da massificação da inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais nas escolas regulares, emergem discussões sobre as mudanças requeridas na formação de docentes para o atendimento desta nova demanda. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os modelos brasileiro e italiano de formação de professores para atuar na educação especial. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, analisando textos legais de ambos os países que versassem sobre o tema. A Itália foi o primeiro país na Europa a promover o fim das escolas especiais e a inclusão de todos os alunos com deficiência nas escolas regulares. Ainda neste país, nota-se que as diretrizes governamentais são claras com relação à capacitação de professores para atuar com alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais. Por outro lado no Brasil, embora tenham ocorrido grandes avanços no que se refere à legislação que sustenta a formação docente, ainda existe uma carência de parâmetros mais específicos sobre os conteúdos mínimos necessários para que os professores tenham maiores subsídios para promover a inclusão com qualidade.
Manifestações e prevalência de bullyng entre alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Dalosto Marcília de Morais , Alencar Eunice Maria Lima Soriano de
Published: October 2013

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o envolvimento de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação com a prática de bullying, tendo como base os papéis assumidos por eles na condição de vítima, agressor e/ou testemunha. Participaram da pesquisa 118 alunos oriundos de escolas públicas (107) e escolas particulares (11) que frequentavam um programa para estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação, oferecido pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário sobre bullying. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação vivenciaram, nas escolas onde cursavam o ensino regular, situações de bullying, nas suas diferentes formas de manifestação, tendo sido constatado o envolvimento desses alunos com bullying tanto na condição de vítimas como de agressores e testemunhas. Dentre os comportamentos mais citados pelos participantes, na condição de vítima, encontram-se os de "zoar"/humilhar, fofocar/fazer intrigas, atirar objetivos e excluir das brincadeiras. Na condição de agressor, excluir das brincadeiras, apelidar, atirar objetos, "zoar"/humilhar e desprezar foram os mais apontados. A maioria desses comportamentos se manifestava de forma velada, o que dificulta a identificação dessas ações, exigindo um olhar mais atento do adulto. Espera-se que o presente estudo contribua para a compreensão mais ampla do fenômeno do bullying entre os superdotados, bem como possa servir de inspiração e orientação para que sejam adotadas medidas para o enfrentamento dessa realidade, tão danosa aos alunos envolvidos.
Produção de capim elefante e movimentação de cátions em função de gesso mineral
Authors: Santos Renato L. dos , Freire Fernando J. , Azevedo Vinícius M. de , Rocha Alexandre T. da , Tavares José A.
Published: October 2013

O uso de gesso na correção da acidez trocável em subsuperfície tem proporcionado melhoria do ambiente radicular, influenciando positivamente na produtividade das culturas. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar o potencial do gesso de origem mineral da região do Araripe, em Pernambuco, na elevação dos teores de Ca trocável e na redução dos teores de Al trocável em subsuperfície e no aumento da produção de biomassa de variedades de capim elefante. Para isto foram cultivadas em campo três variedades de capim elefante: Cameroon, Gramafante e Roxo, na presença e na ausência de gesso mineral em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2) com os tratamentos distribuídos casualmente em 4 blocos. Os teores de Ca2+, S-SO4(2-), Al3+ e sua saturação não foram influenciados pela aplicação de gesso mineral na camada subsuperficial. A aplicação de gesso mineral reduziu o pH do solo na camada subsuperficial. O cultivo da variedade de capim Cameroon promoveu aumento do pH do solo, redução do teor e da saturação por Al. Os capins elefantes Cameroon e Gramafante apresentaram elevadas produções de matéria seca porém apenas a variedade Cameroon apresentou resposta à aplicação de gesso mineral, que alcançou 33 Mg ha-1.
Produção de mudas de mamoeiro irrigadas com água salina
Authors: Sá Francisco V. da S. , Brito Marcos E. B. , Melo Alberto S. de , Antônio Neto Pedro , Fernandes Pedro D. , Ferreira Ilkelan B.
Published: October 2013

Diante da relevância socioeconômica e alimentar do mamoeiro para a região nordeste, onde naturalmente ocorrem águas com teores elevados de sais, notadamente no Semiárido, objetivou-se avaliar a emergência de plantas e o crescimento de duas cultivares de mamoeiro irrigadas com águas salinas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CCTA-UFCG), Campus Pombal, PB, no período de maio a julho de 2011, usando-se um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, constituídos de quatro níveis de salinidade da água (1,2; 2,4; 3,6 e 4,8 dS m-1) além de duas cultivares de mamoeiro (Sunrise Solo e Tainung-1) com três repetições, totalizando vinte e quatro parcelas experimentais. Avaliaram-se a emergência, o crescimento e o acúmulo de matéria seca das mudas. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação, mesmo se aplicando uma fração de lixiviação de 20%, elevou o teor de sais no substrato o qual foi superior à salinidade limiar da cultura ocasionando reduções na emergência, no crescimento e no acúmulo de matéria seca, sendo a cultivar Tainung-1 a mais sensível.