bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as hosts for production of industrially relevant enzymes
Authors: Vojnovic Sandra , Aleksic Ivana , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Stevanovic Milena , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina
Published: January 2024

The application of enzymes is expanding across diverse industries due to their nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. Another advantage is their cost-effectiveness, reflected in reduced processing time, water, and energy consumption. Although Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus, and Streptomyces spp. are successfully used for production of industrially relevant enzymes, they still lag far behind Escherichia coli as hosts for recombinant protein production. Generally, proteins secreted by Bacillus and Streptomyces hosts are released into the culture medium; their native conformation is preserved and easier recovery process enabled. Given the resilience of both hosts in harsh environmental conditions and their spore-forming capability, a deeper understanding and broader use of Bacillus and Streptomyces as expression hosts could significantly enhance the robustness of industrial bioprocesses. This mini-review aims to compare two expression hosts, emphasizing their specific advantages in industrial surroundings such are chemical, detergent, textile, food, animal feed, leather, and paper industries. The homologous sources, heterologous hosts, and molecular tools used for the production of recombinant proteins in these hosts are discussed. The potential to use both hosts as biocatalysts is also evaluated. Undoubtedly, Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as production hosts possess the potential to take on a more substantial role, providing superior (bio-based) process robustness and flexibility.

Key points

• Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as robust hosts for enzyme production.

• Industrially relevant enzyme groups for production in alternative hosts highlighted.

• Molecular biology techniques are enabling easier utilization of both hosts.
Findings in magnetic resonance imaging for restaging locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Marjasuo Suvi , Koskenvuo Laura , Lepistö Anna
Published: January 2024

Purpose

We aimed to assess the prognostic value of restaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and compare long-course chemoradiotherapy (LC-CRT) to short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery (SCRT-delay).

Methods

This retrospective study included 267 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) operated on between January 2016 and April 2019, all of whom received either LC-CRT or SCRT-delay in the neoadjuvant setting. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) based on radiological response assessed using the magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG).

Results

In the LC-CRT group, cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 94.8%, 86.4%, and 79.0%, while in the SCRT-delay group, they were 83.3%, 68.9%, and 68.9% (P = 0.017). For CSS in the LC-CRT group, cumulative rates were 96.9%, 90.3%, and 85.0%, and in the SCRT-delay group, they were 88.6%, 81.4%, and 81.4% (P = 0.222). There were no significant differences in total histological response rates or local recurrence rates between the treatment groups. The good and moderate response group (mrTRG 1–3) had significantly better cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS compared to the poorer response group (mrTRG 4–5) (P = 0.023 for OS and P = 0.048 for CSS).

Conclusion

Unfavorable MRI response is a sign of poor prognosis in LARC. SCRT-delay is comparable to LC-CRT concerning the oncological outcome.
Ocrelizumab reduces cortical and deep grey matter loss compared to the S1P-receptor modulator in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bajrami Albulena , Tamanti Agnese , Peloso Angela , Ziccardi Stefano , Guandalini Maddalena , Calderone Milena , Castellaro Marco , Pizzini Francesca B. , Montemezzi Stefania , Marastoni Damiano , Calabrese Massimiliano
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Ocrelizumab (OCR) and Fingolimod (FGL) are two high-efficacy treatments in multiple sclerosis which, besides their strong anti-inflammatory activity, may limit neurodegeneration.

Aim

To compare the effect of OCR and FGL on clinical and MRI endpoints.

Methods

95 relapsing–remitting patients (57 OCR, 38 FGL) clinically followed for 36 months underwent a 3-Tesla MRI at baseline and after 24 months. The annualized relapse rate, EDSS, new cortical/white matter lesions and regional cortical and deep grey matter volume loss were evaluated.

Results

OCR reduced the relapse rate from 0.48 to 0.04, FGL from 0.32 to 0.05 (both p < 0.001). Compared to FGL, OCR-group experienced fewer new white matter lesions (12% vs 32%, p = 0.005), no differences in new cortical lesions, lower deep grey matter volume loss (− 0.12% vs − 0.66%; p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.54), lower global cortical thickness change (− 0.45% vs − 0.70%; p = 0.036; d = 0.42) and reduced cortical thinning/volume loss in several regions of interests, including those of parietal gyrus (d-range = 0.65–0.71), frontal gyrus (d-range = 0.47–0.60), cingulate (d-range = 0.41–0.72), insula (d = 0.36), cerebellum (cortex d = 0.72, white matter d = 0.44), putamen (d = 0.35) and thalamus (d = 0.31). The effect on some regional thickness changes was confirmed in patients without focal lesions.

Conclusions

When compared with FGL, patients receiving OCR showed greater suppression of focal MRI lesions accumulation and lower cortical and deep grey matter volume loss.
Association between iron deficiency anemia and subsequent stomach and colorectal cancer diagnosis in Germany
Authors: Krieg Sarah , Loosen Sven , Krieg Andreas , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia worldwide, resulting in a high burden of disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that IDA is associated with the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.

Methods

Data from the IDA database (IQVIA) of primary care practices in Germany of adult patients first diagnosed with IDA between January 2005 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with a 1:1 propensity score-adjusted cohort without IDA. Study outcomes were first stomach cancer or colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis up to 10 years after the index date as a function of IDA.

Results

A total of 122,502 individuals with IDA and 122,502 individuals without IDA were included. The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 1.4% in the IDA patients compared to 0.8% in the cohort without IDA (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between IDA and subsequent CRC (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.83–2.30). Stomach cancer was diagnosed in 0.3% of IDA patients compared to 0.2% in the non-IDA cohort during the 10-year follow-up period (p = 0.002). However, this was significant only in the age group > 80 years (HR 2.73; 95% CI 1.60–4.67) and in men (HR 1.90; 95% CI 1.38–2.61).

Conclusion

These findings add to the literature and suggest an association between IDA and GI cancers. The extent to which this association is due to GI bleeding or other pathophysiological processes that may be caused by IDA requires further investigation, particularly experimental studies.
Vitamin D-mediated tsRNA-07804 triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression by targeting CRKL
Authors: Liang Yonggang , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Peng Jinhua , Liu Jing , Chen He , Guo Shanxian
Published: January 2024

Objective

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs with various functions in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, whether vitamin D executes its function in mitochondrial dysfunction and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression through tsRNAs remains obscure.

Methods

Differentially expressed tsRNAs between control and vitamin D-treated H1299 cells were acquired by small RNA sequencing. Cell and animal experiments were implemented to elucidate the impacts of vitamin D and tsRNA on mitochondrial dysfunction and NSCLC progression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and recovery experiments were applied to determine the mechanism of tsRNA in NSCLC.

Results

We discovered that vitamin D receptor resulted in decreased mitochondrial-related functions and vitamin D caused mitochondrial dysfunction of NSCLC cells. tsRNA-07804 was remarkably upregulated in vitamin D-treated H1299 cells. Functional experiments indicated that vitamin D led to mitochondrial dysfunction, repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of H1299 cells via regulating tsRNA-07804. Mechanistically, tsRNA-07804 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited the malignancy of H1299 cells by suppressing CRKL expression. In vivo experiments showed that vitamin D inhibited the tumor growth in NSCLC by increasing tsRNA-07804 expression. Moreover, clinical sample analysis unveiled that tsRNA-07804 had a negative correlation with CRKL.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study proved that vitamin D induced mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressed the progression of NSCLC through the tsRNA-07804/CRKL axis. Overall, these results unveiled that tsRNA-07804 might act as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Linear and bilinear Fourier multipliers on Orlicz modulation spaces
Authors: Blasco Oscar , Öztop Serap , Üster Rüya
Published: January 2024

Let $$\Phi _i, \Psi _i$$

Φ
i

,

Ψ
i

be Young functions, $$\omega _i$$

ω
i

be weights and $$M^{\Phi _i,\Psi _i}_{\omega _i}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$$

M

ω
i

Φ
i

,

Ψ
i

(

R

d

)

be the corresponding Orlicz modulation spaces for $$i=1,2,3$$

i
=
1
,
2
,
3

. We consider linear (respect. bilinear) multipliers on $$\mathbb {R} ^{d}$$

R

d

, that is bounded measurable functions $$m(\xi )$$

m
(
ξ
)

(respect. $$m(\xi ,\eta )$$

m
(
ξ
,
η
)

) on $$\mathbb {R} ^{d}$$

R

d

(respect. $$\mathbb {R} ^{2d}$$

R

2
d

) such that $$\begin{aligned} T_m(f)(x)=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{d}}{\hat{f}}(\xi ) m(\xi )e^{2\pi i \langle \xi , x\rangle }d\xi \end{aligned}$$

T
m

(
f
)

(
x
)

=

∫

R

d

f
^

(
ξ
)

m

(
ξ
)

e

2
π
i
⟨
ξ
,
x
⟩

d
ξ

(respect. $$\begin{aligned} B_m(f_1,f_2)(x)=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{d}}\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{d}} \hat{f_1}(\xi ) \hat{f_2}(\eta )m(\xi ,\eta )e^{2\pi i \langle \xi +\eta , x\rangle }d\xi d\eta \end{aligned}$$

B
m

(

f
1

,

f
2

)

(
x
)

=

∫

R

d

∫

R

d

f
1

^

(
ξ
)

f
2

^

(
η
)

m

(
ξ
,
η
)

e

2
π
i
⟨
ξ
+
η
,
x
⟩

d
ξ
d
η

define a bounded linear (respect. bilinear) operator from $$M^{\Phi _1,\Psi _1}_{\omega _1}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$$

M

ω
1

Φ
1

,

Ψ
1

(

R

d

)

to $$M^{\Phi _2,\Psi _2}_{\omega _2}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$$

M

ω
2

Φ
2

,

Ψ
2

(

R

d

)

(respect. $$M^{\Phi _1,\Psi _1}_{\omega _1}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})\times M^{\Phi _2,\Psi _2}_{\omega _2}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$$

M

ω
1

Φ
1

,

Ψ
1

(

R

d

)

×

M

ω
2

Φ
2

,

Ψ
2

(

R

d

)

to $$M^{\Phi _3,\Psi _3}_{\omega _3}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$$

M

ω
3

Φ
3

,

Ψ
3

(

R

d

)

). In this paper we study some properties of these spaces and give methods to generate linear and bilinear multipliers between Orlicz modulation spaces.
Trans-lateral ventricular approach for surgical treatment of high-located P2–P3 junction posterior cerebral artery aneurysms: from anatomical research to clinical application
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad , Zhang Rui , Filler Timm , Hänggi Daniel , Meling Torstein R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms, though rare, pose treatment challenges. Endovascular therapy is the preferred option, but microsurgery becomes necessary in certain cases. Various microsurgical approaches have been suggested for PCA aneurysms, particularly those at the P2–P3 junction. This study highlights the trans-lateral ventricular approach (TVA) for addressing these complex aneurysms. This study aims to assess the feasibility and safety of the trans-lateral ventricular approach (TVA) for treating high-located complex PCA aneurysms at the P2–P3 junction. The study evaluates both clinical outcomes and anatomical considerations.

Methods

Two cases of PCA aneurysms at the P2–P3 junction were treated using TVA in 2019. Navigation-guided entry via the interparietal sulcus was planned. Ventriculostomy was performed from the cortex to the lateral ventricle’s atrium. Medial atrial floor dissection exposed PCA’s P2–P3 segments. Neuronavigation and ultrasound-aided guidance was used. Anatomical studies on fixed and contrast-perfused specimens refined the approach.

Results

Both cases saw successful aneurysm clipping. The unruptured aneurysm patient was discharged in 6 days. The poor-grade SAH patient required extended ICU care, moving to rehabilitation with mRS = 4. The unruptured complex aneurysm case exhibited no deficits, returning to work in 3 months. Anatomical dissections validated TVA for high-located P2–P3 junction PCA aneurysms.

Conclusion

While endovascular therapy remains primary, this study demonstrates the viability of navigation-guided TVA for select high-located P2–P3 junction PCA aneurysms. Successes and challenges underscore the importance of patient selection and anatomical awareness.
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms and brain lesions compatible with multiple sclerosis
Authors: von Zedtwitz Katharina , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Urbach Horst , Groppa Sergiu , Schiele Miriam A. , Prüss Harald , Domschke Katharina , Stich Oliver , Hannibal Luciana , Endres Dominique
Published: January 2024

Autoimmune-mediated obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) can occur in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, a well-studied case study of a patient with OCD and MS-compatible diagnostic findings is presented. The 42-year-old female patient had displayed OCD symptoms for 6 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified several periventricular and one brainstem lesion suggestive of demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses detected an increased white blood cell count, intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM synthesis, CSF-specific oligoclonal bands, and a positive MRZ reaction. Neopterin was increased, but sarcoidosis was excluded. In the absence of neurological attacks and clues for MRI-based dissemination in time, a radiologically isolated syndrome, the pre-disease stage of MS, was diagnosed. Neurotransmitter measurements of CSF detected reduced serotonin levels. In the absence of visible strategic demyelinating lesions within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, OCD symptoms may relate to reduced intrathecal serotonin levels and mild neuroinflammatory processes. Serotonin abnormalities in MS should be studied further, as they could potentially explain the association between neuroinflammation and mental illnesses.
IL-39 and IL-35 gingival crevicular fluid levels in diabetic patients with generalized periodontitis
Authors: Hassan Sandy shabaan , Abdelkawy Maha , Shaker Olfat Gamil , Tarrad Nayroz Abdel Fattah
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This research was performed to investigate if there is a role for IL-39 in immunopathogenesis of both systemically healthy and diabetic periodontitis patients. Additionally, to explore if we can consider IL-39 and IL-35 as biomarkers for periodontitis activity.

Materials and methods

A total of 38 periodontitis patients and 19 control volunteers were included in our study. The periodontitis patients were divided equally into (Group I), 19 patients with stage III grade C periodontitis with diabetes mellitus and (Group II), 19 patients with stage III grade B periodontitis and systemically healthy. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of each interleukin were measured pre- and postoperatively for all periodontitis patients as well as control subjects using ELISA.

Results

Our study results showed that the highest level for IL-39 was in diabetic periodontitis patients that decreased significantly postoperatively. However, the highest level for IL-35 was revealed in control group while the lowest value was registered in diabetic periodontitis patients and statistically increased after periodontal treatment.

Conclusions

Based on the results of our research, both investigated biomarkers may have a potent role in pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Clinical relevance

We could consider both interleukins as accurate diagnostic markers for periodontitis patients, regardless of diabetes mellitus association, as well as promising markers that can aid in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis patients worldwide.
Impact of initial lip competence on the outcome of class II functional appliances therapy
Authors: Sambale Janine , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike Maria
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the impact of initial lip position on class II functional appliance therapy.

Materials and methods

In total, 34 class II division 1 patients (23 females, 19 males; mean age 12.4 ± 0.9 years) that met the inclusion criteria (> ½ class II molar relationship, overjet > 6 mm, ANB > 4°, neutral or horizontal growth pattern, cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) II – III, mean wear-time > 10 h/day) were consecutively divided into two groups (lip incompetence (LI); lip competence (LC)). All patients were treated with the Sander bite jumping appliance (BJA). Wear time was microelectronically measured. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning (T0) and after 1 year of treatment (T1). An untreated class II group served as a control (CG). Inter-group comparisons were determined with Mann–Whitney U tests for independent samples.

Results

Significant skeletal treatment effects were found in both treated groups when compared to the CG with significantly more pronounced mandibular skeletal effects in the LI than in the LC group (mandibular base length p < 0.001, composite mandibular base length p < 0.001, condylar head growth p = 0.002, co-pg p < 0.00, go-pg p = 0.003, reduction of the ANB angle p = 0.009, and Wits appraisal p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The more pronounced mandibular effects in the LI group were composed of the functional orthopedic effect plus harmonization of the lip competence.

Clinical relevance

Functional harmonization of lip incompetence with BJA enhances mandibular growth stimulation. Lip incompetence seems to impede mandibular growth and its harmonization seems to be a preventive approach.
DWSR: an architecture optimization framework for adaptive super-resolution neural networks based on meta-heuristics
Authors: Chu Shu-Chuan , Dou Zhi-Chao , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Kong Lingping , Snášel Václav , Watada Junzo
Published: January 2024

Despite recent advancements in super-resolution neural network optimization, a fundamental challenge remains unresolved: as the number of parameters is reduced, the network’s performance significantly deteriorates. This paper presents a novel framework called the Depthwise Separable Convolution Super-Resolution Neural Network Framework (DWSR) for optimizing super-resolution neural network architectures. The depthwise separable convolutions are introduced to reduce the number of parameters and minimize the impact on the performance of the super-resolution neural network. The proposed framework uses the RUNge Kutta optimizer (RUN) variant (MoBRUN) as the search method. MoBRUN is a multi-objective binary version of RUN, which balances multiple objectives when optimizing the neural network architecture. Experimental results on publicly available datasets indicate that the DWSR framework can reduce the number of parameters of the Residual Dense Network (RDN) model by 22.17% while suffering only a minor decrease of 0.018 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), the framework can reduce the number of parameters of the Enhanced SRGAN (ESRGAN) model by 31.45% while losing only 0.08 PSNR. Additionally, the framework can reduce the number of parameters of the HAT model by 5.38% while losing only 0.02 PSNR.
Renewed Feedback-Informed Group Treatment for Patients with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Authors: Koementas-de Vos Marjolein M. W. , Tiemens Bea , Engelsbel Fabiana , de Jong Kim , Witteman Cilia L. M. , Nugter M. Annet
Published: January 2024

Feedback-Informed Group Treatment (FIGT) shows promise for improving outcomes, but results are mixed. The aim was investigating the feasibility, acceptability and effects of renewed FIGT on clinical outcomes and therapy processes. In a quasi-experimental pilot study, 65 patients with anxiety or depressive disorders and 15 therapists of interpersonal psychotherapy or cognitive behavioural therapy groups using renewed FIGT were included. Renewed FIGT contained three additions compared to the previous tool: (1) personalized goals along with the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45), (2) therapists’ training, coaching and intervision, and (3) instructions to actively use feedback in the group. Data on feasibility, acceptability, outcomes and process factors were analysed and compared with those of historical cohorts using only OQ-45 feedback or no feedback, using descriptive, multilevel and covariance statistical analyses. Feasibility was mostly improved, with patients experiencing more feedback discussions and better usability compared to only OQ-45 feedback. At least two thirds of the patients and therapists give preference to using feedback in the future. At the end of the study, therapists were less convinced that the OQ-45 and goals were able to detect change. Renewed FIGT did not improve effectiveness on clinical outcomes. Compared to no feedback, patients experienced more cohesion, engagement and less avoidance, but improved less on depressive symptoms. Even when renewed FIGT is more feasible and usable than only OQ-45 feedback and associated with more cohesiveness and engagement, it may not automatically lead to improved effectiveness on clinical outcomes in short-term group therapy. Implications and future directions are described.
Novel contouring method for optimizing MRI flow quantification in patients with aortic valve disease
Authors: Yaman Malek M. , Chetrit Michael , Bullen Jennifer , Bolen Michael A. , Flamm Scott D. , Kwon Deborah
Published: January 2024

Optimizing MRI aortic flow quantification is crucial for accurate assessment of valvular disease severity. In this study, we sought to evaluate the accuracy of a novel method of contouring systolic aortic forward flow in comparison to standard contouring methods at various aortic levels. The study included a cohort of patients with native aortic valve (AoV) disease and a small control group referred to cardiac MRI over a 1-year period. Inclusion criteria included aortic flow quantification at aortic valve and one additional level, and no or trace mitral regurgitation (MR) documented both by the MRI AND an echocardiogram done within a year. In addition to flow quantification with standard contouring (SC), a novel Selective Systolic Contouring (SSC) method was performed at aortic valve level, contouring the area demarcated by the AoV leaflets in systole. The bias in each technique’s estimate of aortic forward flow was calculated as the mean difference between aortic forward flow and left ventricular stroke volume (LV SV). 98 patients (mean age 56, 71% male) were included: 33 with tricuspid and 65 with congenitally abnormal (bicuspid or unicuspid) AoV. All methods tended to underestimate aortic forward flow, but the bias was smallest with the SSC method (p < 0.001). Therefore, SSC yielded the lowest estimates of mitral regurgitant volume (4.8 ml) and regurgitant fraction (3.9%) (p < 0.05). SSC at AoV level better approximates LV SV in our cohort, and may provide more accurate quantitative assessment of both aortic and mitral valve function.
Exploring Children’s Play Culture and Game Construction: Role of Sociodramatic Play in Supporting Agency
Authors: Yesil Ragibe , Erdiller Yatmaz Zeynep , Metindogan Ayşegul
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study was to explore the sociodramatic play taking place in an early childhood classroom, with a specific focus on the characteristics of play, the game construction process that takes place during play, children’s agency in their play culture, and finally, the role of teachers as adults and as participants serving as guides and facilitators in the play. The study utilized an ethnographic case study approach to uncover play culture within the Little Daisies classroom. The data for the study came from lengthy observations throughout one school year in the classroom of 5-year-old children and semi-structured interviews with children regarding their sociodramatic play. Findings suggest that children constructing “games with rules” is a significant component of the classroom play culture, and non-distracted sociodramatic play provides children with many opportunities to practice their agency and function as social actors in their close environment. The concept of agency, teachers’ beliefs, and executive function skills were used to contextualize sociodramatic play for further discussion.
Distribution, speciation, and assessment of heavy metals in sediments from Wadi Asal, Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Mosalem Amal , Redwan Mostafa , Abdel Moneim Ahmed A. , Rizk Shaymaa
Published: January 2024

Globally, the environmental contamination of stream sediments due to geogenic and anthropogenic sources is of growing concern. In this study, the heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 22 superficial sediments in Wadi Asal, Red Sea, Egypt, were explored to assess sediment sources, the mobility of chemical species, and the degree of contamination in sediments. Therefore, the total heavy metal values in the fine fraction (< 63 μm), a five-step sequential extraction on selective samples, risk assessment, and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied. The mobility of heavy metals in Wadi Asal sediments, according to non-residual fraction percent, declines in the following order: Cd (90.9%) > Pb (85.2%) > Co (84.4%) > Cu (80.8%) > Zn (75.9%) > Ni (48.4%) > Cr (39.6%); indicating the high mobility of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Co. The mean metal contamination factor (CF) order is Cd (10.96) > Ni (3.91) > Cr (2.77) > Zn (2.18) > Pb (2.10) > Co (1.12) > Cu (0.70). The Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) is decreased in the following order: Cd (2.19) > Ni (0.78) > Cr (0.55) > Zn (0.44) > Pb (0.42) > Co (0.22) > Cu (0.14). The risk assessment code (RAC) revealed very high to high risk for Cd, Co, and Pb. The results pointed out that the metals Cr, Co, Cu, and Ni are from geogenic sources, while Zn, Cd, and Pb are from anthropogenic sources due to Pb–Zn mining activities. Based on the threshold effect level (TEL), Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb have adverse effects on living organisms. According to these findings, the area along Wadi Asal and the downstream regions on the beach are highly polluted and heavy metal monitoring in sediments and aquatic organisms is recommended.
Developmental framework for a desktop hydrogeomorphic wetland functional assessment derived from field-based data
Authors: Backhaus Peter J. , Wardrop Denice H. , McCarty Gregory W. , Brooks Robert P.
Published: January 2024

With loss of wetlands and their associated ecosystem services within landscapes, it is imperative to be able to understand the change in ecological functions underlying these services. Field-based functional assessments can produce a range of specific scores among a robust set of functions but are time and cost prohibitive as the number of wetlands assessed increases. Remote-based functional assessments are an alternative for broad scale assessments, but trade-off cost for limitations in scoring and functional assemblage. To address these concerns, we created a framework for the development of the Hydrogeomorphic Remote Assessment of Wetland Function (HGM-RAWF). Rooted in the hydrogeomorphic approach of an existing field-based functional assessment and its underlying models, this remote functional assessment substitutes field-based assessment methods with remotely assessed proxies. As potential remote proxies were determined through literature review and statistically screened for use in the remote assessment, a field-based reference wetland database of 222 freshwater wetlands in the Mid-Atlantic Region provided a baseline by which remote data could be compared and calibrated. The resulting HGM-RAWF protocol remotely assesses seven hydrology and biogeochemistry functions in the Mid-Atlantic with assessment scores similar to its field-based counterparts. With noted limitations, the HGM-RAWF framework provides the means to create desktop functional assessments across broad geographic scales with the diversity and specificity of field-based assessments at the reduced costs associated with remote assessments. Its basis in the HGM approach and use of public spatial datasets allows the framework to be adopted regionally and can be used as a model for national wetland functional assessment.
Fairness, expectations and life satisfaction: evidence from Europe
Authors: Nicolitsas Daphne
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate whether individual beliefs about the fairness of society can account for differences in life satisfaction. Fairness here encompasses both procedural and distributive justice. The paper uses fifth-round individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS). The round in question contains information that can be used as a proxy for procedural justice, in the form of individual assessment of how the courts operate in their country. It also contains variables that will serve as a proxy for distributive justice. To that end we use survey information on individual assessment of whether pay is appropriate as well as a variable measuring the gap between received and expected pay. The latter is constructed using pay information and individuals’ personal demographic and productive features, as well as information on the characteristics of their workplace. The hypothesis that life satisfaction is impacted by perceived unfairness cannot be rejected. Furthermore, we find that dissatisfaction with pay increases when individuals have a negative view of procedural justice.
The effect of type and combination of fertilizers on eukaryotic microbiome of date palm rhizosphere
Authors: Al-Hadidi Sara H. , Abumaali Dana A. , Ahmed Talaat , Al-khis Amer Fayad , Al-Malki Sowaid Ali , Yaish Mahmoud , Rahim Hafeez Ur , Khalid Muhammad Fasih , Hassan Hassan , Alatalo Juha M.
Published: January 2024

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important cultivated crop in arid areas. Here, we studied the effect of plant genotype and type of fertilizers on the eukaryotic community structures of the date palm rhizosphere. Samples were collected from one wild population, five cultivars from two farms, and a factorial fertilizer experiment (organic, chemical, and biofertilizer) in Qatar. The eukaryotic communities were sequenced using a next-generation sequencing method. A total of 2422 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified as belonging to 15 phyla, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta, Imbricatea, Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, Olpidiomycota, being dominant. The wild-type date palms showed a low number of OTUs compared to cultivated date palms, potentially due to the strong influence of soil salinity and low moisture level. However, the wild-type date palm hosted the highest number of unique OTUs. PCA revealed that the eukaryotic microbiome of the wild date palms was separated from the cultivated date palms and that the eukaryotic microbial diversity varied between date palm cultivars in similar environments. Using the highest amounts of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer decreased the species diversity within the samples. However, a high concentration of biofertilizer combined with a low concentration of chemical fertilizers enhanced the eukaryotic diversity within the samples. We conclude that cultivar type (biotic factor), type of fertilizer, and dosage (abiotic factor) play significant roles in determining the microbiome diversity of the rhizosphere. The wild date palm population could potentially host salt and drought-tolerating eukaryotes that should be further investigated for future development of biofertilizers suitable for drylands.
Ebstein’s anomaly: an electrophysiological perspective
Authors: Gupta Anunay , Prabhu Mukund A. , Anderson Robert D. , Prasad Srinivas BV. , Campbell Timothy , Turnbull Samual , Lee Geoffrey , Skinner Jonathan R. , Kalman Jonathan , Kumar Saurabh
Published: January 2024

Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve (EA) is an uncommon congenital cardiac malformation. It can present with atrioventricular tachycardia (AVRT), atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrial arrhythmias, and rarely with ventricular tachycardia. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is critically important and often diagnostic even prior to an electrophysiology study (EPS). Due to its complex anatomy, it poses particular challenges for mapping and ablation, even for an experienced electrophysiologist. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the electrophysiological perspective of EA and an in-depth analysis of the various arrhythmias encountered in diverse clinical scenarios.

Graphical Abstract
Chemical durability and shielding study of borosilicate glass systems from solid municipal waste ash for radiation shielding applications
Authors: Hussein E. M. Abou , Shaban S. E. , Madbouly A. M.
Published: January 2024

Based on municipal solid waste (MSW) ash as a main raw material, three novel borosilicate glasses with the composition of 70 waste + 20 borax + 10 Na2O + x ZrO2, where x = 0, 0.1 or 0.3 (wt. %),were prepared by the traditional melting-annealing technique. The prepared glasses were analyzed by EDX analysis, revealing the rich compositions of the prepared glasses correlated to the MSW ash used by 70 wt.% in preparing glasses. Some optical, chemical and radiation shielding properties of the prepared glasses were investigated. Either Zr addition or 80 kGy of gamma radiation revealed improvement of the glasses optical transmittance and chemical durability in neutral dis H2O, alkaline 0.1 N NaOH and acidic 0.1 N HCl leaching media for 70 days. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed the same spectra before and after irradiation, referring to the prevention of free radical formation by irradiation.

The shielding parameters were measured by the experimental gamma spectroscopy (NaI detector) and the theoretical Phy-X/PSD software e.g., linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) and the findings revealed high unanimity among them at photon energies 0.662, 1.173 and 1.333 MeV. Another shielding parameters were also studied e.g., mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff) and effective conductivity (Ceff). Presence of various metal oxides and the host trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 and SiO4 units, and ZrO2 provide the glasses compactness and effectual stability against ionizing irradiation. The prepared borosilicate glasses have highly strong and compacted structures that can inhibit the passage of radiation photons, because of the variety of many glass network formers, intermediates and modifiers present in the used waste ash. The results indicate the highly economic benefit of the prepared glasses, where the useless MSW ash are used mainly by 70 wt.% to produce effective borosilicate glass systems for promising radiation shielding purposes, especially 0.3 Zr borosilicate glass that has the best radiation shielding properties.
New fractional solutions for the Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic equation and the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur equation
Authors: Zafar Asim , Saboor Abdul , Inc Mustafa , Ashraf Muhammad , Ahmad Sohail
Published: January 2024

In this article, we find fractional solutions for the Clannish Random Walkers Parabolic (CRWP) equation and Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segeur (AKNS) equation. Different areas of applied sciences, the study of these equations plays a significant role. We select two methods for this purpose, firstly new recent well-established technique is improved Auxiliary equation scheme and second technique is $$(\frac{G^{'}}{G^{2}})$$

(

G

′

G
2

)

-technique with the help of beta derivative. We used fractional term which involves in beta derivative, in our selected mathematical models. To show how the obtained solutions physically look, they plotted different profiles including both 2D and 3D graphics.
Investigation of photosensitive properties of novel TiO2:Cu2O mixed complex interlayered heterojunction: showcasing experimental and DFT calculations
Authors: Aksan Sinem , Hussaini Ali Akbar , Erdal Mehmet Okan , Taştan Oğuzhan , Güzel Rabia , Saçmaci Şerife , Yıldırım Murat
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the effect of different reducing agents (ascorbic acid and sodium boron hydride) on optoelectronic properties of TiO2:Cu2O nanocomposites. The TiO2:Cu2O nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The electronic properties of the structure were calculated with the density functional theory (DFT). Both devices showed good responsivity and detectivity against light intensities. The photosensitivity of the devices had linear increasing profile with increasing light power. It is noteworthy that both devices demonstrated well-rectifying behaviors as a result of having low reverse bias and greater forward bias currents at the I–V characteristics in low light. The reduction of the band gap shifted the absorption band gap from the visible light region to the red edge. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations which has been done by using CASTEP are in good agreement with our experimental results. Ti(1 − x)CuxO2 (7.5:1) band gap is 1.18 eV which is compared to the Shockley ve Quiser (SQ) limit. Ti(1 − x)CuxO2 (15:1) band gap is 1.83 eV while the band gap is 2.28 eV for stoichiometric TiO2 with our DFT calculations. Thus, the band gap narrowed with increasing Cu amount. This provides an improvement in light absorption. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that Al/TiO2:Cu2O/p-Si can be used in optoelectronic applications.
Coupling Drug Dissolution with BCS
Authors: Simitopoulos Antony , Tsekouras Athanasios , Macheras Panos
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a Temporal Biopharmaceutic Classification System (T-BCS), linking Finite Dissolution Time (F.D.T.) and Mean Dissolution Time (M.D.T.) for Class I/III drugs and Mean Dissolution Time for saturation (M.D.T.s.) for Class II/IV drugs.

Methods

These parameters are estimated graphically or by fitting dissolution models to experimental data and coupled with the dose-to-solubility ratio (q) for each drug normalized in terms of the actual volume of dissolution medium (900 mL).

Results

Class I/III drugs consistently exhibited q values less than 1, aligning with expectations based on their solubility, while some Class II/IV drugs presented a deviation from anticipated q values, with observations of q < 1. This irregularity was rendered to the dissolution volume of 250 mL used for biopharmaceutical classification purposes instead of 900 mL applied as well as the dual classification of some sparingly soluble drugs. Biowaivers were also analyzed in terms of M.D.T., F.D.T. estimates and the regulatory dissolution time limits for rapidly and very-rapidly dissolved drugs.

Conclusions

The T-BCS is useful for establishing correlations and assessing the magnitude of M.D.T., F.D.T., or M.D.T.s. for inter- and intra-class comparisons of different drugs and provide relationships between these parameters across all the models that were utilized.

Graphical Abstract
Bread wheat satellitome: a complex scenario in a huge genome
Authors: Gálvez-Galván Ana , Garrido-Ramos Manuel A. , Prieto Pilar
Published: January 2024

In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chromosome associations during meiosis are extremely regulated and initiate at the telomeres and subtelomeres, which are enriched in satellite DNA (satDNA). We present the study and characterization of the bread wheat satellitome to shed light on the molecular organization of wheat subtelomeres. Our results revealed that the 2.53% of bread wheat genome is composed by satDNA and subtelomeres are particularly enriched in such DNA sequences. Thirty-four satellite DNA (21 for the first time in this work) have been identified, analyzed and cytogenetically validated. Many of the satDNAs were specifically found at particular subtelomeric chromosome regions revealing the asymmetry in subtelomere organisation among the wheat subgenomes, which might play a role in proper homologous recognition and pairing during meiosis. An integrated physical map of the wheat satellitome was also constructed. To the best of our knowledge, our results show that the combination of both cytogenetics and genome research allowed the first comprehensive analysis of the wheat satellitome, shedding light on the complex wheat genome organization, especially on the polymorphic nature of subtelomeres and their putative implication in chromosome recognition and pairing during meiosis.
Strong Solutions and Mild Solutions for Sturm-Liouville Differential Inclusions
Authors: Cardinali Tiziana , Duricchi Giulia
Published: January 2024

Existence results for a Cauchy problem driven by a semilinear differential Sturm-Liouville inclusion are achived by proving, in a preliminary way, an existence theorem for a suitable integral inclusion. In order to obtain this proposition we use a recent fixed point theorem that allows us to work with the weak topology and the De Blasi measure of weak noncompactness. So we avoid requests of compactness on the multivalued terms. Then, by requiring different properties on the map p involved in the Sturm-Liouville inclusion, we are able to establish the existence of both mild solutions and strong ones for the problem examinated. Moreover we focus our attention on the study of controllability for a Cauchy problem governed by a suitable Sturm-Liouville equation. Finally we precise that our results are able to study problems involving a more general version of a semilinear differential Sturm-Liouville inclusion.
Extreme-aged patients (≥ 85 years) experience similar outcomes as younger geriatric patients following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation: a matched cohort study
Authors: Nisson Peyton L. , Francis John J. , Michel Michelot , Goel Keshav , Patil Chirag G.
Published: January 2024

Subdural hematoma (SDH) evacuation represents one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical procedures. Several reports cite a rise in both the age and number of patient’s requiring treatment, due in part to an aging population and expanded anticoagulation use. However, limited data and conflicting conclusions exist on extreme-aged geriatric patients (≥ 85 years of age) after undergoing surgery. Patients undergoing SDH evacuation at a tertiary academic medical center between November 2013-December 2021 were retrospectively identified. The study group consisted of patients ≥ 85 years (Group 1) diagnosed with a chronic SDH surgically evacuated. A control group was created matching patients by 70–84 years of age, gender, and anticoagulation use (Group 2). Multiple metrics were evaluated between the two including length-of hospital-stay, tracheostomy/PEG placement, reoperation rate, complications, discharge location, neurological outcome at the time of discharge, and survival. A total of 130 patients were included; 65 in Group 1 and 65 in Group 2. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, SDH characteristics, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, and use of blood thinning agents were similar between the two groups. Kaplan Meier survival analysis at one-year was 80% for Group 1 and 76% for Group 2. No significant difference was identified using the log-rank test for equality of survivor functions (p = 0.26). All measured outcomes including GCS at time of discharge, length of stay, rate of reoperations, and neurological outcome were statistically similar between the two groups. Backwards stepwise conditional logistic regression revealed no significant association between poor outcomes at the time of discharge and age. Alternatively, anticoagulation use was found to be associated with poor outcomes (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.08–11.60; p = 0.036). Several outcome metrics and statistical analyses were used to compare patients ≥ 85 years of age to younger geriatric patients (70–84 years) in a matched cohort study. Adjusting for age group, gender, and anticoagulation use, no significant difference was found between the two groups including neurological outcome at discharge, reoperation rate, and survival.
Data-driven prediction of the surface layer state in hard-turning for optimization of component quality
Authors: Wittich Felix , Wegener Thomas , Liehr Alexander , Zinn Wolfgang , Niendorf Thomas , Kroll Andreas
Published: January 2024

Data-driven approaches are an effective solution for modeling problems in machining. To increase the service life of hard-turned components, it is important to quantify the correlation between the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut and the near-surface properties. For obtaining high-quality models with small data sets, different data-driven approaches are investigated in this contribution. Additionally, models that enable uncertainty quantification are crucial for effective decision-making and the adjustment of cutting parameters. Therefore, parametric multiple polynomial regression and Takagi–Sugeno models, as well as non-parametric Gaussian process regression as a Bayesian approach are considered and compared regarding their capability to predict residual stress and surface roughness values of 51CrV4 specimens after hard-turning. Moreover, a novel method based on optimization of data driven non-linear models is proposed that allows for identification of cutting parameter combinations, which at the same time lead to satisfactory surface roughness and residual stress states.
A prospective evaluation of quality of life, psychosocial distress, and functional outcomes two years after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in 842 German bladder cancer patients
Authors: Bahlburg Henning , Reicherz Alina , Reike Moritz , Bach Peter , Butea-Bocu Marius Cristian , Tully Karl Heinrich , Roghmann Florian , Noldus Joachim , Müller Guido
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate survival, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosocial distress, and functional outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion for ileal neobladder (INB) or ileal conduit (IC) in a contemporary German cohort of bladder cancer patients.

Methods

Patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after RC between April 2018 and December 2019 in one high-volume rehabilitation center were surveyed regarding HRQoL, psychosocial distress, and functional outcomes until two years after RC.

Results

Eight-hundred forty-two patients (683 male, 159 female; 395 INB, 447 IC) were included. Patients with an IC suffered more often from locally advanced disease (≥ pT3; 41.4% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001) and lymph node metastases (19.9% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.002), resulting in worse probability of survival (p < 0.001). Global HRQoL improved steadily during follow-up, but significant differences in subscales persisted between cohorts. Multivariable regression analysis identified IC, male sex, and patient age ≤ 59 years as independent predictors for persistent high psychosocial distress. Almost 42% of female patients reported severe urinary incontinence two years after RC. Most men reported severely diminished erectile function, even after nerve-sparing surgery.

Conclusion

Global HRQoL two years after RC is comparable to the general German population. Female patients should be informed about worse continence rates. Conversely, men should be educated about erectile dysfunction. Aftercare should include psycho-oncologic counseling, especially for patients at risk.

Implications for cancer survivors

Patients should be counseled on long-term functional outcomes and persistent psychosocial distress after RC. Closer cooperation between urologists and psycho-oncologists is needed.