bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicenter evaluation of left ventricular assist device implantation with or without ECMO bridge in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Schurr James W. , Ambrosi Lara , Fitzgerald Jillian , Bermudez Christian , Genuardi Michael V. , Brahier Mark , Elliot Tonya , McGowan Kevin , Zaaqoq Akram , Laskar Sonjoy , Pope Stuart M. , Givertz Michael M. , Mallidi Hari , Sylvester Katelyn W. , Seifert Frank C. , McLarty Allison J.
Published: March 2024

Background

The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) remains unclear, and recipients of the more contemporary HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD are not well represented in previous studies. We therefore undertook a multicenter, retrospective study of this population.

Methods and Results

INTERMACS 1 LVAD recipients from five U.S. centers were included. In‐hospital and one‐year outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome was the overall mortality hazard comparing ECMO versus non‐ECMO patients by propensity‐weighted survival analysis. Secondary outcomes included survival by LVAD type, as well as postoperative and one‐year outcomes. One hundred and twenty‐seven patients were included; 24 received ECMO as a bridge to LVAD. Mortality was higher in patients bridged with ECMO in the primary analysis (HR 3.22 [95%CI 1.06–9.77], p = 0.039). Right ventricular assist device was more common in the ECMO group (ECMO: 54.2% vs non‐ECMO: 11.7%, p < 0.001). Ischemic stroke was higher at one year in the ECMO group (ECMO: 25.0% vs non‐ECMO: 4.9%, p = 0.006). Among the study cohort, one‐year mortality was lower in HM3 than in HeartMate II (HMII) or HeartWare HVAD (10.5% vs 46.9% vs 31.6%, respectively; p < 0.001) recipients. Pump thrombosis at one year was lower in HM3 than in HMII or HVAD (1.8% vs 16.1% vs 16.2%, respectively; p = 0.026) recipients.

Conclusions

Higher mortality was observed with ECMO as a bridge to LVAD, likely due to higher acuity illness, yet acceptable one‐year survival was seen compared with historical rates. The receipt of the HM3 was associated with improved survival compared with older generation devices.
Sex differences in single neuron function and proteomics profiles examined by patch‐clamp and mass spectrometry in the locus coeruleus of the adult mouse
Authors: Lee Jingyun , Wang Zhong‐Min , Messi María Laura , Milligan Carol , Furdui Cristina M. , Delbono Osvaldo
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to characterize the properties of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons in male and female mice. We also sought to investigate sex‐specific differences in membrane properties, action potential generation, and protein expression profiles to understand the mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability variations.

Methods

Utilizing a genetic mouse model by crossing Dbhcre knock‐in mice with tdTomato Ai14 transgenic mice, LC neurons were identified using fluorescence microscopy. Neuronal functional properties were assessed using patch‐clamp recordings. Proteomic analyses of individual LC neuron soma was conducted using mass spectrometry to discern protein expression profiles. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD045844.

Results

Female LC noradrenergic neurons displayed greater membrane capacitance than those in male mice. Male LC neurons demonstrated greater spontaneous and evoked action potential generation compared to females. Male LC neurons exhibited a lower rheobase and achieved higher peak frequencies with similar current injections. Proteomic analysis revealed differences in protein expression profiles between sexes, with male mice displaying a notably larger unique protein set compared to females. Notably, pathways pertinent to protein synthesis, degradation, and recycling, such as EIF2 and glucocorticoid receptor signaling, showed reduced expression in females.

Conclusions

Male LC noradrenergic neurons exhibit higher intrinsic excitability compared to those from females. The discernible sex‐based differences in excitability could be ascribed to varying protein expression profiles, especially within pathways that regulate protein synthesis and degradation. This study lays the groundwork for future studies focusing on the interplay between proteomics and neuronal function examined in individual cells.
Neoliberal logic in the United States and Turkey: The role of Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and personal wherewithal
Authors: Var Öngel Melodi , Ali Brandin , Ben Hagai Ella , Zurbriggen Eileen L.
Published: March 2024

Neoliberalism is based on the dogma that free‐market capitalism serves the public better than governmental programs (e.g., public universities). In this research, we first asked what psychological orientations and beliefs predict support for one of the fundamental tenets of neoliberalism: the belief that government interferes with the smooth functioning of public life and the free market. Second, we examined how these predictors function across economic contexts and political regimes by collecting data in the United States and Turkey. We find that in two U.S. samples, high levels of Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and the belief in personal wherewithal (i.e., anybody can move ahead if they work hard enough) predicted people's support for neoliberalism. In the Turkish sample, we found that RWA and personal wherewithal significantly predicted support for neoliberalism, but unlike the US, in Turkey, higher levels of RWA were related to the rejection of neoliberalism. Our research highlights the flexible relationship authoritarianism has with neoliberalism and the importance of a belief in personal wherewithal in justifying neoliberalism. This research illuminates differences between US neoliberal logic and populist neoliberalism in Turkey.
Increasing the realism of on‐screen embodied instructors creates more looking but less learning
Authors: Li Wenjing , Wang Fuxing , Mayer Richard E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Although adding embodied instructors on the screen is considered an effective way to improve online multimedia learning, its effectiveness is still controversial. The level of realism of embodied on‐screen instructors may be an influencing factor, but it is unclear how it affects multimedia learning.

Aims

We explored whether and how embodied on‐screen instructors rendered with different levels of realism in multimedia lessons affect learning process and learning outcomes.

Samples

We recruited 125 college students as participants.

Methods

Students learned about neural transmission in an online multimedia lesson that included a real human, cartoon human, cartoon animal or no instructor.

Results

Students learning with cartoon human or cartoon animal instructors tended to fixate more on the relevant portions of the screen and performed better on retention and transfer tests than no instructor group. The real human group fixated more on the instructor, fixated less on the relevant portion of the screen and performed worse on a retention test in comparison to the cartoon human group. Fixation time on the instructor fully mediated the relationship between instructor realism and retention score.

Conclusions

The addition of embodied on‐screen instructors can promote multimedia learning, but the promotion effect would be better if the embodied instructor was a cartoon animal or cartoon human rather than a real human. This suggests an important boundary condition in which less realism of on‐screen embodied instructors produces better learning processes and outcomes.
In vitro and in vivo study of antibacterial and anti‐encrustation coating on ureteric stents
Authors: Zhao Yue , Chen Guo , Yushanjiang Suliya , Zhao Meng , Yang Hui , Lu Ran , Qu Rui , Dai Yi , Yang Luo
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To investigate the ability of propolis‐coated ureteric stents to solve complications, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs) and crusting, in patients with long‐term indwelling ureteric stents through antimicrobial and anti‐calculus activities.

Materials and Methods

Polyurethane (PU) ureteric stents were immersed in the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), a well‐known antimicrobial honeybee product, and subjected to chemical, hydrophilic, and seismic tests. The antimicrobial activity of the EEP coating was then examined by in vitro investigation. Proteus mirabilis infection was induced in rats within uncoated and EEP‐coated groups, and the infection, stone formation, and inflammation were monitored at various time points.

Results

The characterisation results showed that the hydrophilicity and stability of the EEP surface improved. In vitro tests revealed that the EEP coating was biocompatible, could eliminate >90% of bacteria biofilms attached to the stent and could maintain bacteriostatic properties for up to 3 months. The in vivo experiment revealed that the EEP‐coating significantly reduced the amount of bacteria, stones, and salt deposits on the surface of the ureteric stents and decreased inflammation in the host tissue.

Conclusions

Compared with clinically used PU stents, EEP‐coated ureteric stents could better mitigate infections and prevent encrustation. Thus, this study demonstrated that propolis is a promising natural dressing material for ureteric stents.
Saikosaponin D mitigate pilocarpine‐induced astrocyte injury by regulating the NLRP3/caspase‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Jun‐yan , Shen Yu‐ling , Zhu Jing‐yi , Yang Dong‐dong
Published: March 2024

Studies have shown that saikosaponin D (SSD) has favorable neurotherapeutic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the efficacy and possible molecular mechanisms of SSD on pilocarpine (PP)‐induced astrocyte injury. Primary astrocytes were isolated from juvenile rats and identified using immunofluorescence. The cells were treated with PP and/or SSD for 6 h and 12 h, respectively, followed by measurement of their viability through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Next, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100a10), pentraxin 3 (Ptx3), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and RAG in astrocytes after different treatments. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical tests were utilized to evaluate the level of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)] secreted by cells and the content of oxidative stress‐related factors (malondialdehyde [MDA] and glutathione [GSH]) or enzyme activity (catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GPX]) in cells. The JC‐1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) fluorescence probe was used to measure the MMP in astrocytes. Additionally, western blot was applied to test the expression of proteins related to the nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase‐1 signaling pathway. PP treatment (1 mM) induced cell injury by significantly reducing the viability of astrocytes and expression of cellular markers. SSD treatment (4 μM) had no toxicity to astrocytes. Besides, SSD (4 μM) treatment could significantly up‐regulate the cell viability and marker expression of PP‐induced astrocytes. Furthermore, SSD could be employed to inhibit inflammation (reduce IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels) and oxidative stress (decrease MDA level, elevate GSH level, the activity of CAT and GPX), and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction (upregulate JC‐1 ratio) in PP‐induced astrocytes. Moreover, further mechanism exploration revealed that SSD treatment significantly reduced the activity of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 signaling pathway activated by PP induction. SSD increased cell viability, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress response, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in PP‐induced astrocyte injury model, thus playing a neuroprotective role. The mechanism of SSD may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome.
Fingolimod improves diffuse brain injury by promoting AQP4 polarization and functional recovery of the glymphatic system
Authors: Feng Dongyi , Liu Tao , Zhang Xinjie , Xiang Tangtang , Su Wanqiang , Quan Wei , Jiang Rongcai
Published: March 2024

Background

Diffuse brain injury (DBI) models are characterized by intense global brain inflammation and edema, which characterize the most severe form of TBI. In a previous experiment, we found that fingolimod promoted recovery after controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) by modulating inflammation around brain lesions. However, it remains unclear whether fingolimod can also attenuate DBI because of its different injury mechanisms. Furthermore, whether fingolimod has additional underlying effects on repairing DBI is unknown.

Methods

The impact acceleration model of DBI was established in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg) was administered 0.5, 24, and 48 h after injury for 3 consecutive days. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis, cytokine array, and western blotting were used to evaluate inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors, AQP4 polarization, apoptosis in brain cells, and the accumulation of APP after DBI in rats. To evaluate the function of the glymphatic system (GS), a fluorescent tracer was injected into the cistern. The neural function of rats with DBI was evaluated using various tests, including the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), horizontal ladder‐crossing test, beam walking test, and tape sensing and removal test. Brain water content was also measured.

Results

Fingolimod administration for 3 consecutive days could reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, microglia, and astrocyte activation in the brain following DBI. Moreover, fingolimod reduced apoptotic protein expression, brain cell apoptosis, brain edema, and APP accumulation. Additionally, fingolimod inhibited the loss of AQP4 polarization, improved lymphatic system function, and reduced damage to nervous system function. Notably, inhibiting the GS weakened the therapeutic effect of fingolimod on the neurological function of rats with DBI and increased the accumulation of APP in the brain.

Conclusions

In brief, these findings suggest that fingolimod alleviates whole‐brain inflammation and GS system damage after DBI and that inhibiting the GS could weaken the positive effect of fingolimod on nerve function in rats with DBI. Thus, inhibiting inflammation and regulating the GS may be critical for the therapeutic effect of fingolimod on DBI.
The cytosolic DNA‐sensing cGAS–STING pathway in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Yang Lin , Wang Jiawei , Wu You , Li Yi , Du Lixia , Li Ling , Fang Zongping , Zhang Xijing
Published: March 2024

Background

With the widespread prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and high rates of mortality and disability, it is imminent to find accurate targets for intervention. There is growing evidence that neuroimmunity is pivotal in the pathology of NDs and that interventions targeting neuroimmunity hold great promise. Exogenous or dislocated nucleic acids activate the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS), activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). The activated STING triggers innate immune responses and then the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway links abnormal nucleic acid sensing to the immune response. Recently, numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation regulated by cGAS‐STING signaling plays an essential role in NDs.

Aims

In this review, we summarized the mechanism of cGAS‐STING signaling in NDs and focused on inhibitors targeting cGAS‐STING.

Conclusion

The cGAS‐STING signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NDs. Inhibiting the cGAS‐STING signaling may provide new measures in the treatment of NDs.
Could robotic‐assisted surgery reduce mesh‐related complications after ventral mesh rectopexy? Experience of a tertiary centre and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Yasar Necdet F. , Waked Weam , Sturiale Alessandro , Fabiani Bernardina , Naldini Gabriele
Published: March 2024

Aim

The development of robotic assistance has made dissection and suturing in the deep pelvis much easier. The augmented quality of the images and the articulation of the robotic arms have also enabled a more precise dissection. The aim of this study is to present the data on robotic‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy procedures in a university hospital and examine the literature in terms of mesh erosion.

Method

The electronic databases Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were searched. Studies from January 2004 until January 2023 in the English language were included. Studies which included fewer than 10 patients were excluded. Laparoscopic or robotic‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexies were included. Mesh erosion rates following laparoscopic or robotic‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexies were measured.

Results

Overall, the systematic review presents 5911 patients from 43 studies who underwent laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy compared with 746 patients treated with robotic‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy from six studies and our centre. Mesh erosion was rare in both groups; however, the prevalence was greater in the laparoscopy group (0.90% vs. 0.27%).

Conclusion

The mesh erosion rates are very low with robotic‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy. For precise results, more studies and experience in robotic surgery are required.
Factors influencing traumatic brain injuries in maxillofacial fractures: A 12‐year retrospective analysis of 2841 patients
Authors: Mao Jingjing , Xue Jiawen , Li Yunlong , Zhou Qi , Zhou Shuo , Zhou Zhongwei
Published: March 2024

Background/Aim

Results of studies investigating the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and maxillofacial fractures (MFs) have varied considerably. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between TBIs and MFs, as well as the impact of age, sex, trauma mechanism, and season on TBIs.

Materials and Methods

This 12‐year retrospective study of 2841 patients used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between MFs and other factors impacting TBIs.

Results

Among 2841 patients, 1978 TBIs occurred in 829 (29.2%), with intracranial injuries (n = 828) is the most common. Of 829 patients with TBIs, 688 were male and 141 were female, corresponding to a male‐to‐female ratio of 4.9:1.0. The most common age group was 40–49 years (24.6%). Vehicles (including motor vehicles and electric vehicles) accidents were the primary causes of injuries. Multivariate regression analyses revealed an increased risk for TBIs among males (odds ratio [OR] 0.632, p < 0.001). Patients >40 years of age were at higher risk for TBIs, especially those ≥70 years (OR 3.966, p = 0.001). Vehicle accidents were a high‐risk factor for TBIs (OR 6.894, p < 0.001), and winter was the most prevalent season for such injuries (OR 1.559, p = 0.002). Risk for TBI increased by 136.4% in combined midfacial and mandibular fractures (p = 0.016) and by 101.6% in multiple midfacial fractures (p = 0.045). TBIs were less common in single mandibular fractures, notably in single‐angle fractures, with a risk of only 0.204‐fold.

Conclusion

TBIs in MFs were significantly correlated with sex, age, aetiology, season and fracture location. Maxillofacial surgeons and emergency physicians must be aware of the possible association between TBIs and MFs to assess and manage this complicated relationship in a timely manner.
A cross‐sectional study of the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on domestic violence‐related oral and maxillofacial injuries
Authors: Naran‐Ochir Ochbayar , Narantsetseg Tsetsegkhen , Bayartsogt Batzorig , Batbileg Batzorig , Gan‐Ochir Batbold , Altannamar Munkhdul , Batbayar Enkh‐Orchlon
Published: March 2024

Background

During the COVID‐19 lockdown, more domestic violence‐related traumas were reported. In this study, we investigated and compared the incidence of domestic violence‐related injuries—in particular oral and maxillofacial injuries—in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study based on 3974 domestic violence cases registered at the Public Health Department, National Traumatology and Orthopedics Research Center of Mongolia between 2018 and 2022. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The victims were categorized according to their age (child, adult, and elderly).

Results

The mean age of the victims was children 9.7 ± 5.4 years, adults 34.8 ± 8.3 years, and elderly 64.3 ± 8.7 years. Binary logistic regression analysis (no/yes) showed that oral and maxillofacial injuries during the lockdown increased 1.3 times (OR = 1.3; CI 95% = 1.0–1.6; p = .003) in adults and 2.5 times in children (OR = 2.5; CI 95% = 1.7–3.9; p = .001). Additionally, injuries to upper limbs increased 4.6 times (OR = 4.6; CI 95% = 3.5–6.1; p = .001) in adults and 5.2 times in elderly patients (OR = 5.2; CI 95% = 1.8–16.2; p = .01). Additionally, thorax injury in children increased 3.1 times (OR = 3.1; CI 95% = 1.7–5.7; p = .001).

Conclusions

During the lockdown, injury to oral and maxillofacial regions increased in adult and child victims of domestic violence.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy: A narrative review and update for the dentist and other healthcare professionals
Authors: Yee Ruixiang , Sim Sarah Ying , Chow Wen Hann , Rajasegaran Kumudhini , Hong Catherine Hsu Ling
Published: March 2024

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP) is a form of abuse in which a caregiver with Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA) fabricates or induces signs or symptoms in a person under their care to satisfy a self‐serving psychological need. Unnecessary clinical evaluations, procedures, and treatments that are initiated based on falsification by the abuser inadvertently add to the trauma experienced by the victim. It is a form of abuse and the impact on victims can be severe, sometimes fatal, and far‐reaching such as prolonged neglect and extension to affected siblings. The long‐term exposure to MSbP may predispose the victim to eventually developing factitious disorder imposed on self (FDIS). While MSbP often involves child victims, elderly, adults, and pets have also been reported as victims. MSbP can be a diagnostic challenge, and the important keys to timely identification of MSbP include the ability to detect deception by caregivers through awareness, clinical suspicion, and careful review of available health records; it also involves collecting collaborative information from other relevant healthcare providers including dentists, schoolteachers, and social workers. To date, there are limited published cases of MSbP with oral findings. This paper provides a narrative review of the current understanding of MSbP with a section on cases with oral findings. This paper aims to increase awareness about the clinical presentations and management considerations for MSbP among dentists and other healthcare professionals.
Clinical benefits of autologous platelet concentrate in periodontal intrabony defects: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cui Yue , Mai Yuhe , Liu Xuewei , Mu Hong
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to compare clinical benefits of autologous platelet concentrate with other periodontal regenerative approaches in intrabony defects. An electronic and hand search of studies up to December 2022 was conducted. Randomized controlled trials with at least 6 months of follow‐up were identified to compare autologous platelet concentrates with enamel matrix derivative, bone graft, guided tissue regeneration, and open‐flap debridement. All approaches involved papilla preservation flap surgery. The outcomes included probing depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, linear bone fill, and safety. A network meta‐analysis and meta‐regression were performed. Fifty‐seven studies were included in five network meta‐analyses. Autologous platelets concentrate and its adjunct treatments achieved significantly greater clinical and radiographic parameters than did open‐flap debridement, and had comparable or better performance than other regenerative treatments. Platelet‐rich fibrin showed superiority over platelet‐rich plasma in probing depth reduction at 6‐month follow‐up. Minimal pain and improved wound healing were observed in the treatments with autologous platelet concentrate. Meta‐regression showed that deeper baseline intrabony defects resulted in larger probing depth reductions, while smoking impaired the effectiveness of regenerative surgeries. Minimal invasive flap designs led to less effect of regenerative materials. Autologous platelet concentrate is a promising biomaterial in periodontal regeneration due to its convenience, safety, and biocompatibility characteristics.
Eradication of skin microbiota restores cytokine production and release in polymorphic light eruption
Authors: Zarfl Maximilian , Patra Vijaykumar , Bordag Natalie , Quehenberger Franz , Golob‐Schwarzl Nicole , Gruber‐Wackernagel Alexandra , Wolf Peter
Published: March 2024

Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) has been mechanistically linked to cytokine abnormalities. Emerging preclinical evidence posits the skin microbiome as a critical modulator of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced cytokine expression, thereby influencing subsequent immune responses. This intricate relationship remains underexplored in the context of PLE. Hence, we investigated the differential responses between disinfected and non‐disinfected skin following both single and repetitive exposures to solar‐simulated UV radiation in patients with PLE. An experimental, half‐body pilot study was conducted involving six PLE patients and 15 healthy controls. Participants' skin was exposed to single and multiple doses of solar‐simulated UV radiation, both in disinfected and in non‐disinfected skin areas. The co‐primary outcomes were PLE score and cytokine expression in blister fluid analysed through OLINK proteomic profiling. Secondary outcomes were erythema, pigmentation, induction of apoptotic cells in vacuum‐generated suction blisters, and density of infiltrate in skin biopsies of PLE patients. Among the 71 cytokines analysed, baseline expression levels of 20 specific cytokines—integral to processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, immune cell recruitment, cellular growth, and differentiation—were significantly impaired in PLE patients compared with healthy controls. Notably, skin disinfection reversed the observed cytokine imbalances following a single UV exposure at the minimal erythema dose (MED) level and exhibited even more pronounced effects after multiple UV exposures. However, no significant differences were evident in PLE score, erythema, pigmentation, or rates of apoptotic cell induction upon UV radiation. These findings provide evidence for UV‐driven cytokine regulation by the skin microbiota and imply microbiome involvement in the PLE immune response.
Global patterns of tree wood density
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Siyuan , Son Rackhun , Lee Hoontaek , Benson Vitus , Zhang Weijie , Zhang Yahai , Zhang Yuzhen , Kattge Jens , Boenisch Gerhard , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Karaszewski Zbigniew , Stereńczak Krzysztof , Moreno‐Martínez Álvaro , Nabais Cristina , Birnbaum Philippe , Vieilledent Ghislain , Weber Ulrich , Carvalhais Nuno
Published: March 2024

Wood density is a fundamental property related to tree biomechanics and hydraulic function while playing a crucial role in assessing vegetation carbon stocks by linking volumetric retrieval and a mass estimate. This study provides a high‐resolution map of the global distribution of tree wood density at the 0.01° (~1 km) spatial resolution, derived from four decision trees machine learning models using a global database of 28,822 tree‐level wood density measurements. An ensemble of four top‐performing models combined with eight cross‐validation strategies shows great consistency, providing wood density patterns with pronounced spatial heterogeneity. The global pattern shows lower wood density values in northern and northwestern Europe, Canadian forest regions and slightly higher values in Siberia forests, western United States, and southern China. In contrast, tropical regions, especially wet tropical areas, exhibit high wood density. Climatic predictors explain 49%–63% of spatial variations, followed by vegetation characteristics (25%–31%) and edaphic properties (11%–16%). Notably, leaf type (evergreen vs. deciduous) and leaf habit type (broadleaved vs. needleleaved) are the most dominant individual features among all selected predictive covariates. Wood density tends to be higher for angiosperm broadleaf trees compared to gymnosperm needleleaf trees, particularly for evergreen species. The distributions of wood density categorized by leaf types and leaf habit types have good agreement with the features observed in wood density measurements. This global map quantifying wood density distribution can help improve accurate predictions of forest carbon stocks, providing deeper insights into ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling such as forest vulnerability to hydraulic and thermal stresses in the context of future climate change.
Impact of mixed‐infection rate of clarithromycin‐susceptible and clarithromycin‐resistant Helicobacter pylori strains on the success rate of clarithromycin‐based eradication treatment
Authors: Tsuda Momoko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Oikawa Ritsuko , Watanabe Ryosuke , Higashino Masayuki , Kubo Kimitoshi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Itoh Fumio , Kato Mototsugu
Published: March 2024

Background

Clarithromycin (CAM) resistance is a major contributor to the failure to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The mixed‐infection ratio of CAM‐susceptible and CAM‐resistant H. pylori strains differs among individuals. Pyrosequencing analysis can be used to quantify gene mutations at position each 2142 and 2143 of the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene in intragastric fluid samples. Herein, we aimed to clarify the impact of the rate of mixed infection with CAM‐susceptible and CAM‐resistant H. pylori strains on the success rate of CAM‐containing eradication therapy.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐four H. pylori‐positive participants who received CAM‐based eradication therapy, also comprising vonoprazan and amoxicillin, were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Biopsy and intragastric fluid samples were collected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. H. pylori culture and CAM‐susceptibility tests were performed on the biopsy samples, and real‐time PCR and pyrosequencing analyses were performed on the intragastric fluid samples. The mutation rates and eradication success rates were compared.

Results

The overall CAM‐based eradication success rate was 84% (54/64): 62% (13/21) for CAM‐resistant strains, and 95% (39/41) for CAM‐sensitive strains. When the mutation rate of the 23S rRNA gene was 20% or lower for both positions (2142 and 2143), the eradication success rate was 90% or more. However, when the mutation rate was 20% or higher, the eradication success rate was lower (60%).

Conclusions

The mutation rate of the CAM‐resistance gene was related to the success of eradication therapy, as determined via pyrosequencing analysis.
Volatilomic signatures of different strains of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Vangravs Reinis , Mežmale Linda , Ślefarska‐Wolak Daria , Dauss Edgars , Ager Clemens , Corvalan Alejandro H. , Fernández Elmer Andrés , Mayhew Chris A. , Leja Marcis , Mochalski Paweł
Published: March 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most extensively studied risk factor for gastric cancer. As with any bacteria, H. pylori will release distinctive odors that result from an emission of volatile metabolic byproducts in unique combinations and proportions. Effectively capturing and identifying these volatiles can pave the way for the development of innovative and non‐invasive diagnostic methods for determining infection. Here we characterize the H. pylori volatilomic signature, pinpoint potential biomarkers of its presence, and evaluate the variability of volatilomic signatures between different H. pylori isolates.

Materials and Methods

Using needle trap extraction, volatiles in the headspace above H. pylori cultures were collected and, following thermal desorption at 290°C in a splitless mode, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The resulting volatilomic signatures of H. pylori cultures were compared to those obtained from an analysis of the volatiles in the headspace above the cultivating medium only.

Results

Amongst the volatiles detected, 21 showed consistent differences between the bacteria cultures and the cultivation medium, with 11 compounds being elevated and 10 showing decreased levels in the culture's headspace. The 11 elevated volatiles are four ketones (2‐pentanone, 5‐methyl‐3‐heptanone, 2‐heptanone, and 2‐nonanone), three alcohols (2‐methyl‐1‐propanol, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, and 1 butanol), one aromatic (styrene), one aldehyde (2‐ethyl‐hexanal), one hydrocarbon (n‐octane), and one sulfur compound (dimethyl disulfide). The 10 volatiles with lower levels in the headspace of the cultures are four aldehydes (2‐methylpropanal, benzaldehyde, 3‐methylbutanal, and butanal), two heterocyclic compounds (2‐ethylfuran and 2‐pentylfuran), one ketone (2‐butanone), one aromatic (benzene), one alcohol (2‐butanol) and bromodichloromethane. Of the volatile species showing increased levels, the highest emissions are found to be for 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 1‐butanol and dimethyl disulfide. Qualitative variations in their emissions from the different isolates was observed.

Conclusions

The volatiles emitted by H. pylori provide a characteristic volatilome signature that has the potential of being developed as a tool for monitoring infections caused by this pathogen. Furthermore, using the volatilome signature, we are able to differentiate different isolates of H. pylori. However, the volatiles also represent potential confounders for the recognition of gastric cancer volatile markers.
In Search of Life‐Wisdom: Ubuntu, EnvironmEntity and Technology
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: March 2024

This article contends that technology has evolved into a fundamental theo‐philosophical category. Acknowledging the intricacy of technology, it advocates for an exploration of indigenous philosophies to cultivate 'response‐ability' wisdom. The concept of environmEntity is introduced as an alternative to the traditional understanding of the environment, representing a vibrant and living world. Rooted in ubuntu sensibilities, environmEntity becomes a multi‐nature locus that fosters empathy and recognises inclusive differences as expressions of the same ultimate life. By integrating the wisdom from Christ's dual natures and ubuntu's relationality, the article proposes a comprehensive and empathic life wisdom to address contemporary challenges and promote a sustainable and interconnected future.
Frequency distribution of HLA class I and II alleles in Greek population and their significance in orchestrating the National Donor Registry Program
Authors: Mallis Panagiotis , Siorenta Alexandra , Stamathioudaki Erasmia , Vrani Vasiliki , Paterakis George
Published: March 2024

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) represent one of the most polymorphic systems in humans, responsible for the identification of foreign antigens and the presentation of immune responses. Therefore, HLA is considered to play a major role in human disorders, donor‐recipient matching and transplantation outcomes. This study aimed to determine the HLA class I and II alleles and haplotypes in the Greek population. Moreover, a comparative analysis of HLA alleles and haplotype frequencies found in Greek and pooled European populations was also performed to acquire a better knowledge about the HLA alleles distribution. A total number of 1896 healthy individuals were typed for their HLA alleles in the National Tissue Typing Center of Greece. High‐resolution HLA typing for the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR, ‐DQ, ‐DP with the use of the next‐generation sequencing analysis was performed, followed by data analysis for establishing the HLA allele and haplotype differences. The results of this study showed that the most frequent alleles for the HLA‐A were the A*02:01:01 (27.1%), *24:02:01 (14.4%), *01:01:01 (9.3%), for the HLA‐B were the B*51:01:01 (15.3%), *18:01:01 (9.7%), *35:01:01 (6.8%) and for the HLA‐C were the C*04:01:01 (15.4%), *07:01:01 (13.1%), *12:03:01 (9.6%). For the HLA class II, the most frequent alleles for the HLA‐DRB1 were the DRB1*11:04:01 (16.4%), *16:01:01 (11.3%), *11:01:01 (9.5%), for the HLA‐DQB1 were the DQB1*03:01:01 (30.5%), *05:02:01 (15.1%), *05:01:01 (10.6%) and for the HLA‐DPB1 were the DPB1*04:01:01 (34.8%), *02:01:01 (11.6%), *04:02:01 (7.3%). Additionally, the most frequent haplotypes were the A*02:01:01∼C*07:01:01‐B*18:01:01∼DRB1*11:04:01 (2.3%), followed by the A*01:01:01∼C*07:01:01∼B*08:01:01∼DRB1*03:01:01 (2.2%), A*24:02:01∼C*04:01:01∼B*35:02:01∼DRB1*11:04:01 (1.4%) and A*02:01:01∼C*04:01:01∼B*35:01:01‐DRB1*14:01:01 (1.2%). The results herein were comparable to those obtained from the pooled European populations. Moreover, these results can be used for the improvement of the donor‐recipient matching procedure and to understand better the disease association in Greece.
Mental health, challenging behaviour, diagnosis, and access to employment for people with intellectual disabilities in Norway
Authors: Pedersen Erlend Refseth , Anke Audny , Langøy Emmy Elizabeth , Olsen Monica Isabel , Søndenaa Erik
Published: March 2024

Background

Studies have found that presence of challenging behaviours and mental health problems limits employment for people with intellectual disabilities. This study investigates the associations between age, gender, living condition, level of intellectual disability, diagnoses, behaviour, mental health, and employment in adults with intellectual disabilities in Norway.

Method

A cross‐sectional community‐based survey including 214 adult participants (56% men) with intellectual disabilities.

Results

In our sample, 25% had no organised day activity, 27% attended non‐work day care, 19% attended sheltered employment, or day care with production, without pay and 29% worked in paid sheltered employment. One participant attended mainstream employment. Moderate and severe/profound level of intellectual disability, possible organic condition and irritability significantly reduced the odds of employment (paid and unpaid).

Conclusion

Findings suggest unequal access to the sheltered employment that was meant to be inclusive. More individualised evaluation of prerequisites is suggested to further facilitate employment for this group.
Clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma‐induced secondary hypertension through UPLC‐MS/MS analysis of plasma catecholamines and their metabolites
Authors: Zhang Weiyun , Li Xiao , Li Wanqin , Zhang Yanmei , Cai Jiajia , Feng Shiyu , Sun Zhaohui
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the clinical diagnostic value of plasma catecholamines and their metabolites for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL)‐induced secondary hypertension using ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The study population included 155 patients with PPGL that were divided into the PPGL with hypertension (n = 79) and a PPGL without hypertension (n = 76) groups, and 90 healthy volunteers and 90 patients with primary hypertension as the control groups. UPLC‐MS/MS was performed to detect plasma levels of catecholamines and their metabolites, including dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to analyze the diagnostic value of the plasma levels of catecholamines and their metabolites in PPGL‐induced secondary hypertension. Patients in the primary hypertension and PPGL without hypertension groups had higher levels of dopamine, VMA, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine than patients in the normal group (all p < .05). On the other hand, patients in the PPGL with hypertension group had higher levels of dopamine, VMA, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine than patients in the normal, primary hypertension, and PPGL without hypertension groups (all p < .05). Collectively, our findings showed that dopamine, VMA, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine are all effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of PPGL and PPGL‐induced secondary hypertension.
Effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Imada Tasuku , Katakami Naoto , Watanabe Hirotaka , Nishina Shuhei , Sasaki Shugo , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Shimomura Iichiro , Yamamoto Tsunehiko
Published: March 2024

Aims/Introduction

We aimed to evaluate factors that influence changes in blood low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels after treatment with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of outpatients newly initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 176) and other oral antidiabetic drugs (n = 227). The patients were classified into four subgroups according to statin administration and baseline LDL‐C levels (<120 or ≥120 mg/dL). Clinical characteristics were compared among the subgroups. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify factors contributing to changes in LDL‐C.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 13.0 weeks (range 11.9–14.1 weeks, min 8 weeks, maximum 16 weeks) in the SGLT2i group, and 12.0 weeks (range 10.0–14.0 weeks, min 8 weeks, maximum 16 weeks) in the control group. Both groups showed a significant decrease in LDL‐C (SGLT2i group −3.8 ± 24.7 mg/dL, control group −3.4 ± 15.0 mg/dL). Multivariate regression analyses showed that in both groups, the change in LDL‐C depended on statin use and baseline LDL‐C levels. Stratified analyses showed that LDL‐C level was significantly decreased in statin users with baseline LDL‐C ≥120 mg/dL (from 148.9 ± 33.5 to 109.3 ± 17.9 mg/dL, P = 0.002), and significantly increased in statin non‐users with baseline LDL‐C <120 mg/dL (from 96.3 ± 27.3 to 104.7 ± 24.8 mg/dL, P = 0.002). These changes were more characteristic for SGLT2 inhibitors than for other oral antidiabetic drugs (P for interaction = 0.010 and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

LDL‐C levels and statin medication at baseline influence changes in LDL‐C after SGLT2 inhibitors treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Discrepancies in breast cancer guideline recommendations despite similar Cochrane systematic review conclusions
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Cheng Jie , Hou Jialu , Niu Mingming , Gao Ya , Xu Jianguo , Zheng Qingyong , Ji Kexin , Zhang Min , Hao Tian , Li Ning , Han Xinyi , Ma Xiujuan , Kong Jiajia , Wang Rui , Zhao Ye , Tian Jinhui , Hu Xiaofang
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aims to describe the citation patterns of Cochrane systematic reviews (CSR) in guidelines for managing breast cancer.

Methods

We searched for systematic reviews on breast cancer in The Cochrane Library from the date of inception to November 15, 2023, and identified guidelines that cited them. We described how systematic reviews were cited by the guidelines in each database and each year. Additionally, we presented the relationships between the conclusions of the systematic reviews and guideline recommendations and compared the consistency of the recommendations on the same topic across different guidelines.

Results

A total of 64 systematic reviews and 228 guidelines were included in this study. The average number of the 64 systematic reviews cited by the guidelines was 5.91. We found that the guideline recommendations were irrelevant or inconsistent with the conclusions of the systematic reviews in 56 (38.36%) cited entries. We grouped recommendations on the same topic across different guidelines into one group, of which only 5 groups (15.15%) had completely consistent recommendations, and the other 28 groups (84.85%) had inconsistent recommendations.

Conclusion

The average number of citations for CSR on breast cancer in the guidelines was 5.91. There were also situations in which the guideline recommendations were inconsistent with the conclusions of the included systematic reviews, and recommendations on the same topic across different guidelines were inconsistent.
The utility of the surprise question by nurses to identify hospitalised older patients nearing the end‐of‐life and promotion of advance care planning: An interventional study
Authors: Yen Yung‐Feng , Huang Shu‐Fen , Chen Shu‐Ting , Deng Chung‐Yeh
Published: March 2024

Aims and Objectives

To assess the prognostic accuracy of the surprise question (SQ) when used by nurses working in hospital wards to determine 1‐year mortality in acutely hospitalised older patients.

Background

The predictive accuracy of the SQ, when used by general nurses caring for older hospitalised patients, has not been comprehensively studied.

Design

A prospective cohort study.

Methods

This cohort study recruited consecutive 10,139 older patients (aged ≥65 years) who were admitted to Taipei City Hospital and were evaluated for the needs of palliative care in 2015. All patients were followed up for 12 months or until their death. The c‐statistic value was calculated to indicate the predictive accuracy of the SQ and Palliative Care Screening Tool (PCST).

Results

Of all participants, 18.8% and 18.6% had a SQ response of ‘no’ and a PCST score ≥4, respectively. After controlling for other covariates, an SQ response of ‘no’ (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–2.31) and a PCST score ≥4 (AHR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.29–1.75) were found to be the independent predictors for patients' 12‐month mortality. The C‐statistic values of the SQ and the PCST at recognising patients in their last year of life were .663 and .670, respectively. Moreover, there was moderate concordance (k = .44) between the SQ and the PCST in predicting 12‐month mortality.

Conclusions

SQ response of ‘no’ and a PCST score ≥4 were independent predictors of 12‐month mortality in older patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The SQ, when used by nurses working in hospital wards, is effective in identifying older patients nearing the end of life, as well as in providing advance care planning for patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients' palliative care needs at admission were assessed by general nurses using the SQ and PCST.
Modeling Conditional Factor Risk Premia Implied by Index Option Returns
Authors: FOURNIER MATHIEU , JACOBS KRIS , ORŁOWSKI PIOTR
Published: March 2024

We propose a novel factor model for option returns. Option exposures are estimated nonparametrically, and factor risk premia can vary nonlinearly with states. The model is estimated using regressions with minimal assumptions on factor and option return dynamics. We estimate the model using index options to characterize the conditional risk premia for factors of interest, such as the market return, market variance, tail and intermediary risk factors, higher moments, and the VIX term structure slope. Together, market return and variance explain more than 90% of option return variation. Unconditionally, the magnitude of the variance risk premium is plausible. It displays pronounced time variation, spikes during crises, and always has the expected sign.
Successful centralisation technique for treatment of post‐traumatic absence of the radial shaft in a dog
Authors: Camilletti P. , d'Amato M.
Published: March 2024

This report describes a centralisation procedure for the treatment of a radial non‐union, characterised by extensive bone loss and an intact ulna, in an 18‐month‐old toy poodle. A lateral approach to the radius/ulna shafts was realised and, after debridement of the non‐union site, an ulnar osteotomy was performed proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. Transposition of the distal fragment of the radius to the distal end of the osteotomised proximal segment of the ulna was performed and the stabilisation was obtained using a locking plate with proximal screws in the ulnar shaft and distal screws in the radius epiphysis. The patient achieved bone union in 10 weeks and the last evaluation, performed 112 weeks postoperatively, showed a full return to pre‐injury function. Based on the results of this report, the centralisation was effective in the treatment of post‐traumatic absence of the radial shaft in a dog.