bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of bactericidal and fungicidal effects of coriander seed, fennel, and spike lavender essential oils
Authors: Volchenkova Alina , Ovcharova Anastasia , Ostrenko Konstantin , Nevkrytaya Natalia
Published: November 2024

Due to the limited use of antibiotics in agriculture, scientists are looking for alternative means to increase productivity and prevent infectious diseases. Vegetable essential oils are a promising replacement for antibiotics and growth stimulants. Essential oils are natural bioactive substances obtained from plants that have antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on the macroorganism. They do not accumulate in the body of animals, have minimal side effects, and are characterized by the absence of resistance development in pathogenic microorganisms. Despite the long experience of using essential oils, there is currently insufficient detailed information about the effectiveness and mechanisms of their action in practical conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to study the antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils obtained from various plant sources, such as coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), and spike lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). A comparative analysis of the antibacterial effects of essential oils on the tested strains showed a variety of their effects. The most pronounced antibacterial activity was demonstrated by seed coriander essential oil, especially against strains Morganella morganii EB 17, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. A significant effect was also recorded in all the studied essential oils against Candida albicans fungi and the pathogenic microorganism Listeria monocytogenes.
On the issue of the effectiveness of feed additives
Authors: Kolina Julia , Momot Nadezhda , Kamlia Igor
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of scientific and production experiment in feeding the feed additive "Fayberton" to broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross. The conducted scientific and production experiment has shown positive results on the weight indicators of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross, while in both the experimental and control groups, the veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses and internal organs did not reveal significant morphological changes. The average live weight of broilers in the experimental group is significantly higher than in the control group, which indicates an acceleration of metabolic processes, an increase in meat productivity of chickens. The feed additive "Fayberton" has proven itself in scientific and production experiment as a safe, effective, cost-effective product that helps to increase the meat productivity of meat-producing chickens.
Assessment of the influence of technical equipment factors on the volume of production in organizations of the regional economic system
Authors: Ermakova Zhanna , Speshilova Natal'ya , Guseva Elena
Published: November 2024

Production activity in the crop industry is reflected in the volume of grown products, which serves as a key criterion for assessing the work of agricultural organizations. Production volume affects sales volume in value terms, production costs, revenue, profitability, financial stability, ability to cover financial liabilities and other economic aspects. The purpose of the study is to identify factors and study their impact on grain production. The study was carried out on the example of crop production in the Orenburg region for 2010-2023. The gross harvest of cereals and legumes was adopted as the volume of production. It was revealed that extensive and intensive factors influence the gross harvest, while the sown areas are classified as extensive, and the yield, the number of tractors, the number of combine harvesters and the number of fertilizers applied are intensive.
Digital transformation of grain complex enterprises and development of standards for their digitalization in the BRICS countries
Authors: Stepantsevich M.N. , Aliyev M.H. , Eder A.V. , Khudyakova E.V. , Gorbachev M.I.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of substantiating the choice of digital technology elements for individual subjects (actors) of the grain subcomplex and the development of standards for their digitalization, including considering foreign experience on the example of the BRICS countries. The object of the study is the problematic of the activities of grain market participants, which is presented in the form of a hierarchical business process model. The business model covers various business participants - farmers, processors, suppliers of resources, technologies and equipment, intermediaries (traders), government agencies, etc. The subject of the study is digital tools (services) presented on the domestic market, as well as available in foreign markets, in particular in the BRICS countries ensuring an increase in the efficiency of agricultural producers, considering various production, technical, organizational, and other business conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to substantiate the standards for equipping various types of producers with digital solutions as a basis for ensuring production efficiency.
Eco-friendly practices used to overcome environmental issues: Via technological and algorithmic progress
Authors: Matygov Movsar Musaevich , Mustafaev Timur Azisovich , Ildusovich Valeev Sergey
Published: November 2024

It is essentially to track the current state of any event and to solve the occurred issue with the appropriate tool. We live in a world full of different mechanisms that work in a balance with each other. The disruption and collapse of single states are not feasible to the whole state, but when the impact is felt by all the gears, one could assume the change is required to sustain a comfort and health life. Due to the different phenomena and issues, our world is facing complex issues that need to be solved with practices that well suits the states. Therefore, this article will focus on the issues that need to be solved and the practices that are used for reaching the solution. The followings will be discussed: precise farming, carbon polygons, new regulations and human behaviour.
Environmental innovation as a key factor in the investment attractiveness of Russian enterprises
Authors: Ibragimova Aminat , Gornostaeva Zhanna , Edilsultanova Lyalya
Published: November 2024

The topic of environmental responsibility is becoming more and more relevant every year . Any production activity entails damage to the environment. Examples of harm caused include, for example, noise, thermal, electromagnetic and material pollution, expressed in the form of emissions of harmful materials into the environment. In addition, the production sector is associated with high costs of fuel, energy and water resources, which, if used irrationally, causes irreparable harm to the environment. The use of an old complex of industrial equipment also increases the negative impact on the environment, for example, it can consume large amounts of energy, which is irrational and dangerous. As a result of active industrial growth, the environment began to slow down the socio-economic development of all states. This article examines environmental attractiveness as a factor influencing the level of investment attractiveness of Russian enterprises. An idea of the elements of environmental attractiveness is given, and examples of the impact of environmental factors on the attractiveness of an organization are given. The phenomenon of “green economy” and its main features has been studied. The relevance of the optimal existence of ecology, society and economy is substantiated by finding mutual agreement of interests in these areas. Particularly relevant at present are studies aimed at finding and achieving the optimal existence of ecology, society and the economy , by finding mutual agreement of interests in these areas.
Innovative methods for identifying invasive species: AI, IoT, Drones, biotechnology and robotics
Authors: Aygumov Timur Gadzhievich , Matygov Movsar Musaevich , Ruzana Aslanovna Shomakhova
Published: November 2024

New technologies and their use for different area allows humans to achieve tasks in more advantageous ways. New technologies combined with other technologies are drastically changing the world we live in. Every day, the capabilities of some technologies are increasing exponentially and thus opening doors for new applications. One of the areas that uses these new technologies is unconventional. Understanding the behavior of alien or invasive species can have beneficial impact on different ecosystems. Uncontrolled spread of these species can put ecosystems in danger. Therefore, the identification and control of these species is a must. There are different ways of reaching the necessary solution, but this work will try to outline the new technologies used to identify and control these species. The following technologies will be covered: Artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, drones, and robotics.
Application of drones and artificial intelligence to monitor and protect natural ecosystems
Authors: Bekmurzaeva Rashiya , Kalimullin Rustem , Aguzarova Fatima
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the integration of drones and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has emerged as a promising approach for the conservation and management of natural ecosystems. This paper explores the application of drones and AI in monitoring and safeguarding these invaluable environments. Drones, equipped with various sensors such as cameras, LiDAR, and thermal imaging, offer unprecedented capabilities for data collection over large and inaccessible areas. Coupled with AI algorithms, these platforms can analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing valuable insights into ecosystem health, biodiversity, and environmental changes. The utilization of AI enables the automation of tasks such as species identification, habitat mapping, and anomaly detection, significantly enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of monitoring efforts. Machine learning algorithms can be trained on large datasets to recognize patterns and anomalies, enabling real-time detection of threats such as illegal logging, poaching, and habitat destruction. Furthermore, drones equipped with AI-powered systems can facilitate adaptive management strategies by providing timely and precise information to decision-makers. By monitoring changes in vegetation, water quality, and wildlife populations, conservation practitioners can implement targeted interventions to mitigate threats and promote ecosystem resilience.This paper highlights several case studies where drones and AI have been successfully employed in ecosystem monitoring and protection, ranging from tropical rainforests to coral reefs and savannas. These examples demonstrate the versatility and scalability of the approach across diverse habitats and geographical regions.
Using biotechnology to preserve natural ecosystems: Innovative approaches and technologies
Authors: Molochaeva Luiza , Kozlova Elena , Khadikova Elina
Published: November 2024

In today's world, the preservation of natural ecosystems becomes an increasingly urgent task, requiring innovative approaches and technologies. This article examines the use of biotechnology in the conservation and protection of natural ecosystems. Various innovative approaches and technologies aimed at improving ecological sustainability and preserving biodiversity are discussed. Aspects such as the use of genetic engineering for the restoration of threatened species, bioremediation of polluted ecosystems, and the application of biological methods for pest control and soil protection are considered. This article provides an overview of modern advancements in biotechnology and their potential application for the preservation of natural ecosystems, as well as discusses the challenges and prospects for further development in this direction.
Ecological and economic indicators of sustainable development of regions
Authors: Basnukaev Musa , Elzhurkaev Islam , Tuskaeva Madina
Published: November 2024

This article is a comprehensive study of environmental and economic indicators related to sustainable development of regions. The authors highlight various aspects of the interaction between the state of the environment and economic indicators, analyzing their impact on the sustainability of regional ecosystems and the well-being of the population. The article discusses in detail methods for collecting and analyzing data on environmental and economic indicators, and also identifies key factors influencing the sustainable development of regions. Based on the analysis, the authors offer practical recommendations and strategies for improving the sustainability of regional ecosystems and economic growth, taking into account environmental aspects. The study aims to ensure more effective management of regional resources and create conditions for sustainable and balanced development in the long term.
Climate-Smart Agriculture Legal Strategies for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability in Farming Production
Authors: Milovanova Marina , Khambulatova Zarema , Ramazan Kasumov
Published: November 2024

Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security and agricultural sustainability. In response, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a framework to enhance the resilience of farming practices to climate variability and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This paper explores the legal strategies aimed at promoting CSA and enhancing environmental sustainability in agricultural practices. It examines key regulatory frameworks at international, national, and local levels that support the adoption of CSA techniques, such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and precision farming. The analysis highlights the role of legal instruments in incentivizing climate-resilient farming practices, promoting sustainable land management, and fostering innovation in agricultural technologies. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing CSA legal frameworks, including the need for policy coherence, stakeholder engagement, and capacity building. By integrating legal strategies into agricultural policies, countries can effectively address climate change impacts while promoting sustainable and resilient food systems.
Introduction of innovative solutions to ensure the preservation of the country’s natural ecosystems
Authors: Magomedbekov Gamzat , Kurbanova Angela , Dokhkilgova Diba
Published: November 2024

In the context of increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, the preservation of Russia’s natural ecosystems is of paramount importance. Degradation of biogeocenoses, loss of biodiversity, pollution of water resources and atmospheric air, climate change - these challenges require the immediate search and implementation of innovative solutions. Research into innovation opportunities should cover a wide range of areas, i.e. include the development and application of new methods for monitoring the state of ecosystems, the introduction of technologies for treating wastewater and air emissions, the development of renewable energy sources, biotechnologies and methods for reclamation of disturbed lands. Particular attention should be paid to exploring the potential of using digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, big data and the Internet of things, to optimize natural resource management and predict environmental risks. The introduction of innovative solutions in the field of environmental protection requires an integrated approach, including scientific research, development of a regulatory framework, economic incentive mechanisms and educational work with the population. Only this approach will ensure the preservation of Russia’s natural ecosystems for future generations.
Evaluation of environmental radioactive contamination of radon gas in Karrada homes in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Qader Kzal , Kareem Dawood Salwah , Abdulkhaleq Nour A. , Yakoob Taher Sally
Published: November 2024

The analysis addressed the study of radon contamination collection in dwellings located at Karada, Baghdad. The outcomes revealed that the concentration of radon varied from 17.324 to 45.00 Bq/m3 with an average value of 26.8432 ± 2.216 Bq/m3. AED results were observed to vary from 0.001 mSv/year to 0.847 mSv/year having an average value of 0.2352 ± 0.0647 mSv/year, where potential alpha energy concentrations ranged from 0.26 mWL to 0.93 mWL with a mean value of 0.4179 ±0.057 mWL and radon daughter exposure ranged from 0.13 mWLM/Y to 0.44 mWLM/Y having a mean value of 0.4943 ± 0.111 mWLM/Y.Based on our findings we can conclude that, as anticipated, most indoor values are well below the US EPA limit of 148 Bq/m3
Environmental Management in Central Asia
Authors: Pritula R.A. , Pritula Ye.Ye. , Jabassova Zh.G.
Published: November 2024

The environment is an increasingly debated topic in international society, politics and the media. This is all the more true in the context of climate change, which is readily apparent every year. The processes associated with climate change strongly influence the state and shape of the environment of which we humans are an integral part. The factor of dramatic population growth also intervenes in the situation. The object of the study is Central Asia with extreme climatic conditions. The environment has a negative impact on living conditions, health and development. Agricultural production is the main branch of economy of all Central Asian republics. The environment and related threats affect the economic situation of the region. Human activities also have a negative impact on the shape and condition of the environment in the whole region. Inefficient and unsustainable management of agriculture and water resources is the cause of the unfavourable situation. Environment and security are seen as two inseparable areas that interact and influence environmental management.
Resource conservation and ensuring sustainable consumption and production models
Authors: Musaeva Bela , Bachukin Vitaly , Oboturova Natalya
Published: November 2024

Resource conservation and ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns play a key role in the modern world, where resource consumption is increasing and the burden on the environment is growing. This article discusses the importance of resource conservation and the need to move towards sustainable consumption and production patterns. Various strategies and methods are considered to optimize the use of resources, reduce waste and limit negative impacts on the environment. The benefits and challenges associated with incorporating sustainable approaches into business practices and everyday life are also discussed. This article calls for joint efforts by all stakeholders to achieve sustainable development and preserve natural resources for future generations.
The role of intelligent control systems in optimizing production processes in agriculture
Authors: Musaeva Kheda , Babich Anna , Uzdenova Fatima
Published: November 2024

Modern agriculture has increasingly employed intelligent control systems to optimize production processes and enhance resource efficiency. This article explores the importance and impact of intelligent control systems in the agricultural sector. Various aspects of implementing such systems are discussed, including process optimization in crop cultivation and livestock farming, resource management, and the integration of drones and robotic systems. The benefits of using intelligent control systems in agriculture are examined in the context of increasing productivity and reducing risks, as well as their contribution.
The unified digital platform for agricultural production management as the basis of mathematical model for optimizing the crop rotation structure
Authors: Budzko V.I. , Medennikov V.I. , Keyer P.A.
Published: November 2024

The paper shows that although scientifically-based crop rotations in agriculture determine all technological processes in agriculture, nevertheless, widespread non-compliance with crop rotations in Russia has led to the fact that there are no models for optimizing the structure of crop rotations in the introduced digital technologies. Moreover, their analysis showed that these developments represent only fragmentary improved accounting tasks without a mathematical block of decision-making, that is, the digitalization of existing economic relations is in progress, thereby violating two basic principles of the digital economy that have developed in recent years in developed countries: the formation of an information resource management system based on their rational integration into a certain single structured space and rethinking of production management technologies on this basis. It is also shown that the implementation of these principles led to the formation of a unified digital agricultural management platform, which served as the basis for the development of a mathematical model for optimizing the structure of crop rotations at agricultural enterprise. As a result, this model will be the basis for the integration of all major digital technologies in agriculture, which are the essence of rapidly developing precision farming technologies. The paper provides a systematic analysis of the factors affecting the formation of crop rotation structure, as well as the conditions for their successful practical implementation, under which prospects will open for agriculture to switch to a single digital management platform, in which the tasks of forecasting, planning and management of the land use, as well as material, financial, labor, and information resources with various emphasis on detail at various levels of the country from the field to the federal center.
Digital Modernization of Agriculture
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Shutova Albina , Vasiliev Yuri , Bersei Diana , Perepadya Olga , Dolgopolov Kirill
Published: November 2024

The article considers the problems of the need for digitalization of agricultural production, which will increase productivity, competitiveness of agricultural production in Russia and on the global stage. Positive aspects that can be emphasized when using digital technologies are numerous. In general, given their focus on the above-said industry development, we consider it necessary to highlight proposals for further digitalization of the industry, which, as it seems, should lead agriculture to the appropriate transformation as soon as possible.
Innovative approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention based on biological research, including gene therapy and stem cells
Authors: Bataev Khizir , Bataeva Medina , Chochaeva Marina
Published: November 2024

This article discusses innovative biologic-based approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy. Gene therapy offers promise for targeting genetic factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease, while stem cell therapy holds promise for tissue regeneration and repair. The article highlights the role of these advanced approaches in promoting cardiovascular health and preventing disease progression. The importance of ongoing biological research in developing effective measures to prevent cardiovascular disease is also discussed.
Adaptive resource-saving technologies in agriculture: The role of biotechnologies and their impact on environmental safety
Authors: Adymkhanov Lema , Makarov Sergey , Belousov Ivan
Published: November 2024

The article examines the role of biotechnologies in agriculture and their impact on environmental safety. In the face of a growing population and changing climate conditions, it is important to develop adaptive technologies that promote resource conservation and reduce negative environmental impacts. Biotechnologies represent a powerful tool for creating such innovative solutions in agriculture. The article discusses various aspects of biotechnology application in agriculture, including increasing crop productivity, protecting plants from diseases and pests, and improving soil quality. Special attention is paid to environmental safety issues and comparative analysis of the impact of biotechnologies on the environment compared to traditional agricultural methods.
Environmentally friendly aspects of assisted reproduction: Innovations for the future health of the planet and humanity
Authors: Dzhambekova Zalina , Baitulaeva Kheda , Astemirova Khava , Shandaulov Asylbek , Khamchiev Kureysh , Zhiengalieva Ardak
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the environmentally friendly aspects of assisted reproduction techniques and discusses innovative approaches aimed at promoting the future health of the planet and humanity. Assisted reproduction technologies have revolutionized fertility treatments, but their environmental impact has raised concerns. The paper examines sustainable practices within assisted reproduction, such as reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste generation, and adopting eco-friendly materials. It also discusses emerging innovations in the field, including advancements in cryopreservation techniques, development of biodegradable materials for medical devices, and utilization of renewable energy sources. By addressing the environmental footprint of assisted reproduction, this paper aims to contribute to the sustainability of both human health and the planet.
On ensuring economic security enterprises in market conditions
Authors: Berezhnova Elena , Dzholdosheva Tamara , Abykeeva Meerim , Bozieva Zuhra , Niyazbekova Shakizada , Kunskiy Andrey , Varzin Vasiliy
Published: November 2024

The article considers the provision of economic security, which belongs to the category of security economics and is an important branch of security science. The economic security of an enterprise begins from the point of view of economic analysis and decision–making. The article analyzes the stakeholders of the economic security of the enterprise, and conducts a more systematic discussion. Today, issues such as enterprise risk analysis, how to plan projects to improve and ensure safety, how to assess the true losses from accidents, how to make decisions in this area, how to conduct inspections and establish a long–term safety mechanism are more relevant than ever. The authors have identified factors affecting the economic security of enterprises in the country. Recommendations are presented on how organizations can cope with various economic threats and risks, maintain the stability of their financial position, and ensure sustainable functioning and development in the face of changes and uncertainty in the market. An integrated approach with innovative elements for solving problems and challenges is proposed.
ESG agenda in the context of economic security of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Plaskova Nataliya S. , Bychkova Svetlana M. , Tsydenova Erzhena C. , Pushinin Andrey V.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the concept of sustainable development and ESG principles in relation to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the agro-industrial complex). Sustainable development has become one of the main trends, as the world community understands that economic growth is closely related to the solution of environmental, climate, and social issues. It underlies the assessment of an organization's non-financial performance, taking into account the fact that investors and other stakeholders are increasingly paying attention to the compliance of economic entities with ESG principles, i.e. responsible attitude towards the environment, creating favorable social conditions, ensuring high quality corporate governance. The authors of the work carried out a critical analysis of international and domestic regulations on the topic of research, and formed, based on industry characteristics, a list and content of indicators for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. When preparing public non-financial reporting, they can be additional to the legally established basic indicators, and they can be used in the development of industry standards for the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex.
Analysis of neoclassical tearing mode stabilization experiment by electron cyclotron injection in KSTAR
Authors: Cha MinSoo , Woo MinHo , Hahn Sang-hee , Park Young-Seok , Choi Minjun J. , Park Jong-Kyu , Park Byoung-ho , Rothstein Andrew , Kolemen Egemen , Na Yong-Su
Published: November 2024

We report the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) stabilization experimental results by injection of the electron cyclotron (EC) beam in KSTAR, and its analysis with integrated modelling. In the KSTAR experiment, NTM was intentionally induced and the EC beam was injected by the plasma control system (PCS) to stabilize it. Here, the EC angle was controlled based on the minimum seeking algorithm for the island growth rate. Although the EC angle was not changed significantly, the island width significantly decreased towards the end of the experiment followed by the recovery of plasma performance. To assess the NTM stabilization experiment from a stability perspective, we performed integrated modelling with TRIASSIC utilizing the reconstructed equilibrium with magnetic diagnostics and motional stark effect diagnostics. As a result, we observed that the NTM is stabilized by EC.
In-situ Low Power Tests of the ASDEX Upgrade ECRH Transmission Lines
Authors: Wagner Dietmar , Leuterer Fritz , Monaco Francesco , Schütz Harald , Stober Jörg , Thumm Manfred
Published: November 2024

An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system employing 8 gyrotrons is in routine operation at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak at IPP Garching. The gyrotrons are of two-frequency type operating at 105 and 140 GHz with a maximum output power of up to 1 MW and 10 s pulse length. The gyrotron output beams are coupled to 8 waveguide transmission lines via quasi-optical Matching Optics Units (MOUs). The oversized corrugated HE11 waveguides with a diameter of 87 mm are operated at atmospheric pressure with overall lengths between 65 and 103 meters. The number of quasi-optical miter bends per line is between 6 and 8. High mode purity in the transmission lines is critical with respect to both, losses and atmospheric breakdowns in the waveguides. Beam measurements at low power have been performed along the transmission lines and are compared to high power measurements. Near-field calculations and measurements of mm-wave beams radiated from open-ended HE11 waveguides show, that varying intensity patterns determine the distribution of Ohmic loading in compact mm-wave beam launching antennas, where the first mirror is located in the reactive near-field or close to the Fresnel maximum.
Results on the 1 MW CW 170 GHz gyrotron TH1509UA for ITER and DTT at the FALCON test stand
Authors: Braunmueller Falk , Goodman Timothy P. , Genoud Jérémy , Albajar Ferran , Alberti Stefano , Avramidis Konstantinos A. , Bertazzoni Ruggero , Bin William , Bonetti Daniele , Bruschi Alessandro , Cammi Antonio , Cavinato Mario , Chelis Ioannis , Dall’Acqua Davide , Difonzo Rosa , Feuerstein Lukas , Gajetti Eleonora , Gantenbein Gerd , Garavaglia Saul , Gontard Jérémy , Granucci Gustavo , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Illy Stefan , Introini Carolina , Ioannidis Zisis , Jelonnek John , Jin Jianbo , Leggieri Alberto , Legrand François , Lievin Christophe , Marchesin Rodolphe , Oumar Ijaze M. , Picas Oriol , Romano Afra , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Sanchez Francisco , Savoldi Laura , Stanculovic Sebastian , Tigelis Ioannis , Vallée Etienne , Thumm Manfred
Published: November 2024

In this contribution, the tests of the pre-series gyrotron TH1509UA for the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) at the FALCON test facility are presented. This versatile test bed proves useful for testing continuous wave (CW) high-power gyrotrons, but also serves as a platform for testing components for the transmission line or the Upper Launcher of ITER and DTT. The gyrotron has demonstrated a power level of 1.02 MW at the gyrotron output window, corresponding to 980 kW at the output of the Matching Optics Unit (MOU) with a power variation during the pulse of < 2% after a stabilisation period. Additionally, an efficiency of 40% has been demonstrated during five consecutive 100 s pulses. Compared to the previous version, TH1509U, this gyrotron demonstrates the successful prevention of parasitic mode excitation over a wide range of parameters around the design operating point. The potential for even higher power performance has been shown in short pulses but not explored in long pulses yet, which instead focused on demonstrating compliance with the required specifications for the DTT project.
Fabrication and assembly of the gyrotron multi-stage depressed collector prototype at KIT
Authors: Ell Benjamin , Wu Chuanren , Feuerstein Lukas , Gantenbein Gerd , Illy Stefan , Ruess Tobias , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Stanculovic Sebastian , Thumm Manfred , Weggen Jörg , Jelonnek John
Published: November 2024

In this paper details of the fabrication and assembly of the first Multi-stage Depressed Collector (MDC) prototype developed at KIT for megawatt-class gyrotrons are presented. Utilizing the E×B drift concept for electron trajectory separation, the cylindrical Short-Pulse (SP) MDC prototype features a design compatible with applications in different fusion gyrotrons at KIT, for W7-X, ITER, and DEMO. The fabrication process includes inner electrodes out of copper-chromium-zirconium (CuCr1Zr) with a triple helix isolation design, modular vacuum housing consisting of four parts, and additional external coils for electron beam confinement. Detailed assembly procedures are provided for two configurations: the 170 GHz 2 MW coaxial cavity gyrotron and the W7-X upgrade SP gyrotron. The successful manufacturing of the modular collector and a robust design for vacuum tightness are demonstrated. The prototype is now primed for verification in the KIT FULGOR test stand with the W7-X gyrotron for validation of the E×B drift concept and improvement of the gyrotron efficiency. This comprehensive work bridges theoretical concepts with practical implementation, offering insights crucial for refining and advancing MDCs for megawattclass gyrotrons for fusion applications.
Experimental characterization of the TCV dual-frequency gyrotron and validation of numerical codes including the effect of After Cavity Interaction
Authors: Genoud Jérémy , Alberti Stefano , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Avramidis Konstantinos , Braunmüller Falk , Bruschi Alessandro , Bin Wiliam , Dubray Jérémie , Fasel Damien , Gantenbein Gerd , Garavaglia Saul , Goodman Timothy , Illy Stefan , Jin Jianbo , Legrand François , Marchesin Rodolphe , Pagonakis Ioannis , Siravo Ugo , Toussaint Matthieu
Published: November 2024

A dual-frequency gyrotron has been developed within the context of the recent Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) upgrade. The gyrotron is designed to generate a 1 MW, 2 seconds RF wave at 84 or 126 GHz. Before integrating the gyrotrons in the TCV tokamak ECRH system, an extensive characterization of their behaviour has been performed. This paper focuses on presenting the results of these experiments at the two operating frequencies. The power measurements are systematically compared with numerical simulations. This comparison highlights the validation of numerical codes and the effect of After Cavity Interaction (ACI), a crucial factor that must be considered for achieving a good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Recent additions to the PROFUSION code for the spurious mode analysis of the ECRH launchers for ITER
Authors: Plaum Burkhard
Published: November 2024

Several new features were added to the PROFUSION code package in order to accurately simulate the optical part of the upper launcher for the ECRH system for ITER. The most important addition was the implementation of a generic “Physical Optics Surface”, which utilizes the surface equivalence principle in order to analyse the effect of non-planar apertures on the generation of stray power and the radiated beams.
Die Therapie „anderer primärer Kopfschmerzerkrankungen“
Authors: Evers Stefan , Fleischmann Robert , Frank Florian , Frese Achim , Gaul Charly , Gendolla Astrid , Goßrau Gudrun , Holle-Lee Dagny , Tim Jürgens , Kamm Katharina , Kraya Torsten , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Schankin Christoph , Summ Oliver
Published: November 2024

Die Kopfschmerzklassifikation der International Headache Society unterscheidet in ihrem Kapitel 4 verschiedene primäre Kopfschmerzerkrankungen, die als selten gelten und als eigenständige Entitäten aufgefasst werden. Zu diesen gehören der primäre Hustenkopfschmerz, der primäre Anstrengungskopfschmerz, der primäre Sexualkopfschmerz, der primäre Donnerschlagkopfschmerz, der Kältekopfschmerz, der Kopfschmerz durch Einwirkung von Druck oder Zug auf den Kopf, der primäre stechende Kopfschmerz, der Münzkopfschmerz, der schlafgebundene Kopfschmerz und der neu aufgetretene tägliche anhaltende Kopfschmerz. Es handelt sich bei den primären Formen um prinzipiell gutartige Erkrankungen, die aber die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen erheblich einschränken können. Auch müssen potenziell bedrohliche sekundäre Kopfschmerzerkrankungen mit ähnlichem oder identischem Phänotyp ausgeschlossen werden. Aufgrund einer Analyse der publizierten Fallberichte und Fallserien und eines Expertenkonsenses werden für diese Kopfschmerzerkrankungen Therapieempfehlungen gegeben, auch wenn große randomisierte, kontrollierte Therapiestudien nicht vorliegen.
COVID-19, social determinants, and African American-White disparities: policy response and pathways forward
Authors: Snowden Lonnie R. , Graaf Genevieve
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 translated African Americans’ greater social, economic, and health-related risk, reflecting adverse Social Determinants of Health (SDOH), into greater COVID morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality, and it threatened to enlarge the very risks causing greater COVID suffering. However, following a federal policy response injecting trillions of dollars into the US economy, longstanding African American-White disparities in economic well-being, insurance coverage, vaccination rates, and evictions declined. On the other hand, troubling and consequential disparities in k-12 academic achievement and college attendance disparities widened. Continuous monitoring and careful research are needed to document and explain trajectories in social determinant disparities and to offer insight into how policy intervention can decrease continuing disparities in economic well-being, health care, and housing stability.
Critical current and voltage-current characteristics of superconducting microbridges
Authors: Yanson I. K.
Published: November 2024

Experimental studies have been made of the steady-state superconducting characteristics of indium microbridges with dimensions smaller than the coherence length; the way that the critical current varies with the size of the bridge, the temperature and the magnetic field have been investigated. Anomalously high values of critical current have been found for bridges smaller than 100 Å in length. The temperature variation of the critical current for short bridges is in agreement with the Aslamazov-Larkin equation. The shape and position of the gap subharmonics of the V axis of the voltage-current curves at eVn=2Δ/n(n=1,2,3,…) are studied as a function of the junction dimensions and the temperature. A simple model for a metallic microbridge is proposed which explains the gradual appearance of a tunneling-type current component as the radius of the contact is reduced.
Critical temperature and energy gap in superconductors having strong coupling. II
Authors: Geilikman B. T. , Kresin V. Z. , Masharov N. F.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the energy gap is investigated. Expressions are derived for the critical temperature in models with one and two peaks of the density of the phonon states F(ω), and likewise for the case of arbitrary phonon spectrum in the weak-coupling approximation.
Anomalies in the Raman scattering spectra at the phase transitions of BaMnF4 and BaCoF4 crystals
Authors: Popkov Yu. A. , Petrov S. V. , Mokhir A. P.
Published: November 2024

The Raman scattering spectra of BaMnF4 and BaCoF4 crystals are studied in the temperature range 4.2 to 300°K. Additional lines are found at the structural phase transition BaMnF4 crystals (Tc = 255°K), which are due to the expansion of the unit cell and the appearance of additional phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone. The changes observed are characteristic of a second-order phase transition. In the spectrum of BaCoF4 crystals a line (331 cm−1 at 4.2°K) is found whose frequency and half-width undergo sharp changes at the antiferromagnetic ordering (TN = 69.6°K). Investigations show that the behavior of this line can be explained by exciton scattering of the light, due to the transition of Co2+ ions to the first excited state.
Thermodynamic stability of a helium II film and dependence of mean density of a superfluid component on temperature and film thickness
Authors: Kiknadze L. V. , Mamaladze Yu. G.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the stability condition of a helium film is maintained for any thickness in the region of existence of superfluidity. Dependence of the mean density of a superfluid component in the film on its thickness and temperature is examined.
Acoustic characteristics of liquid argon near the critical liquid-vapor point
Authors: Mikhailenko S. A. , Dudar’ B. G. , Blagoi Yu. P.
Published: November 2024

The acoustic absorption coefficient and velocity in liquid argon were measured at temperatures approaching the critical liquid-vapor point along the saturation line. The results are analyzed in terms of the dynamic similarity theory.
Tunneling-spectroscopy study of the electron spectrum in bismuth films
Authors: Komnik Yu. F. , Man’kovskii K. K.
Published: November 2024

The dV/dI characteristics have been obtained for the Al-I-Bi, Sn-I-Bi, and Bi-I-Sn systems. The tunnel junctions are produced on a bismuth film of varying thickness, so that it is possible to compare the characteristics of tunneling systems of approximately the same quality but with different film thicknesses. The nonlinearities found on the tunneling characteristics are considered a manifestation of features in the distribution of the electron state density in the semimetal. The oscillations on the characteristics are due to the quantum size effect. However, the oscillation pattern turns out to be more complicated than would be expected on the basis of the simple model of the quantum size effect associated with electrons in a rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The dV/dI characteristics reveal a displacement of the features corresponding to the characteristic points in the semimetal spectrum as the film thickness changes. These shifts correspond to an increase in the chemical potential with decreasing thickness of the bismuth film An inhomogeneous potential distribution in the semimetal film is offered as a model to explain these results.
Electromagnetic excitation of sound in semimetals in an inclined magnetic field
Authors: Fal’ko V. L.
Published: November 2024

The solution of the problem of electromagnetic generation of sound in semimetals in a powerful magnetic field is obtained (qR≪1; q is the wave vector of the sound; R is the cyclotron radius of an electron). It is shown that for a deviation of the magnetic field H from the perpendicularity direction qH = 0 by the angle φ=φκρ the amplitude of the excited wave (sin⁡φκρ=S/V¯Hmax;S is the velocity of sound; V¯Hmax is the average velocity of the electrons from the vicinity of the elliptical reference point on the Fermi surface) increases abruptly.
Singularities of the energy spectrum of antiferromagnetic KMnF3 which are caused by antisymmetric exchange interaction
Authors: Petutin A. I. , Pereverzev Yu. V. , Zvyagin A. I.
Published: November 2024

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) spectrum of KMnF3 at frequencies of approximately 8.8, 36, and 75 GHz in the 42–90 °K interval in magnetic fields of up to 130 kOe. Intense absorption bands were detected in the polarization of the h component of the high-frequency field which was parallel to the magnetic field H, and a structure in the AFMR spectrum was detected that was due to the influence of domains. The effect of uniaxial compression on the AFMR spectrum was studied. In discussing the data obtained the theory of the AFMR spectrum was used in which the Dzyaloshinskii interaction was taken into account. The experimental results are explained by calculating the intensities of the AFMR lines for parallel polarization.
Spectral and magnetooptical studies of the magnetic phase diagram in erbium ferrite-garnet at low temperatures
Authors: Belyaeva A. I. , Vaishnoras R. A. , Eremenko V. V. , Silaev V. I. , Stel’makhov Yu. N.
Published: November 2024

The features of the magnetic reversal of erbium ferrite garnet in the (110) plane are studied at T = 4.2 °K. For this purpose at the same time we study the domain structure by means of the Faraday magnetooptic effect and the absorption spectra in the region of the 4I15/2→4S3/2 transition of the Er3+ ion for each domain. The phase diagram is determined experimentally in the range of magnetic fields from 0 to 40 kOe.
Creep of silver single crystals in the temperature range 1.5−300°K
Authors: Koval’ V. A. , Soldatov V. P. , Startsev V. I.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the temperature dependence of the unsteady creep of silver single crystals in the 1.5−300 °K temperature range. The definitive role of quantum fluctuations in the process of silver creep at temperatures of up to 20 °K and of thermal fluctuations at higher temperatures is demonstrated. The effect of strain-hardening on low-temperature creep is established.
Influence of the width of electron levels on the mobility of electrons in semiconductors at low temperatures
Authors: Zaitseva L. A.
Published: November 2024

The condition is determined under which the conductivity associated through the transport relaxation time τtr with the scattering of electrons by charged impurities depends on the width 1/2τ of the electron level. The electron momentum relaxation time τ, which is determined by the same interaction as τtr is calculated. An expression is found for the mobility of electrons due to their interaction with the lattice (through the piezoelectric field and the deformation potential) at low temperatures T < ms2 (m is the effective mass of the conduction electrons and s is the velocity of sound). It is noted that when the electron levels have a finite width the weak piezopolaron coupling can be ignored.
The relationship between the magnetization and critical current density in hard (type-II) superconductors
Authors: Agapov Yu. P. , Drozhenko V. G. , Dudin V. I. , Mihkailov V. N.
Published: November 2024

An analysis and experimental investigation is performed of the relationship between the average magnetization and the average critical-current density in hard type-II superconductors. It is shown that for the range of magnetic fields Be > B**, where B** is the field at which the average remanent specific moment of the sample saturates, there exists a simple interrelationship between these quantities. The formula expressing the relationship between the average magnetization and the critical-current density allows the latter to be calculated from magnetization data.