bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic bile formation: bile acid transport and water flow into the canalicular conduit
Authors: Javitt Norman B.
Published: September 2020

Advances in molecular biology identifying the many carrier-mediated organic anion transporters and advances in microscopy that have provided a more detailed anatomy of the canalicular conduit make updating the concept of osmotically determined canalicular flow possible. For the most part water flow is not transmembrane but via specific pore proteins in both the hepatocyte and the tight junction. These pores independently regulate the rate at which water flows in response to an osmotic gradient and therefore are determinants of canalicular bile acid concentration. Review of the literature indicates that the initial effect on hepatic bile flow of cholestatic agents such as Thorazine and estradiol 17β-glucuronide are on water flow and not bile salt export pump-mediated bile acid transport and thus provides new approaches to the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury. Attaining a micellar concentration of bile acids in the canaliculus is essential to the formation of cholesterol-lecithin vesicles, which mostly occur in the periportal region of the canalicular conduit. The other regions, midcentral and pericentral, may transport lesser amounts of bile acid but augment water flow. Broadening the concept of how hepatic bile flow is initiated, provides new insights into the pathogenesis of canalicular cholestasis.
Lugol Increases Lipolysis through Upregulation of PPAR-Gamma and Downregulation of C/EBP-Alpha in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Sergio Cuellar-Rufino , Rossana Citlali Zepeda , Mónica Flores-Muñoz , Isela Santiago-Roque , Omar Arroyo-Helguera
Published: September 2020

Overweight and obesity are defined as excessive and abnormal fat accumulation that is harmful to health. This study analyzes the effect of different concentrations of the lugol solution (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) on lipolysis in cultured 3T3-L1-differentiated adipocytes. The mature adipocytes were treated with doses from 1 to 100 µm of lugol for 0.5, 6, and 24 h. The results showed that mature adipocytes exposed to lugol decrease their viability and increase caspase-3 activity with a lethal dose (LD50) of 473 µm. In mature adipocytes, lugol decreased the total intracellular lipid content, being significant at doses of 10 and 100 µm after 6 and 24 h of treatment (P<0.01), and the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides decreased after 24 h of exposure to lugol (P<0.05). Lugol treatment significantly increases the release of glycerol to the culture medium (P<0.05). The levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors C/EBP-αwere downregulated and PPAR-γupregulated after 30 min with lugol. These results indicate a lipolytic effect of lugol dependent on PPAR-γand C/EBP-αexpression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
The Biobjective Bike-Sharing Rebalancing Problem with Balance Intervals: A Multistart Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Jia Yongji , Xu Yuanyuan , Yang Dong , Li Jia
Published: September 2020

The bike-sharing system (BSS), as a sustainable way to deal with the “last mile” problem of mass transit systems, is increasingly popular in recent years. Despite its success, the BSS tends to suffer from the mismatch of bike supply and user demand. BSS operators have to transfer bikes from surplus stations to deficit stations to redistribute them among stations by means of trucks. In this paper, we deal with the bike-sharing rebalancing problem with balance intervals (BRP-BIs), which is a variant of the static bike-sharing rebalancing problem. In this problem, the equilibrium of station is characterized by a balance interval instead of a balance point in the literature. We formulate the BRP-BI as a biobjective mixed-integer programming model with the aim of determining both the minimum cost route for a single capacitated vehicle and the maximum average rebalance utility, an index for the balanced degree of station. Then, a multistart multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MS-MOPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the model such that the Pareto optimal solutions can be derived. The proposed algorithm is extended with crossover operator and variable neighbourhood search to enhance its exploratory capability. Compared with Hybrid NSGA-II and MOPSO, the computational experimental results demonstrate that our MS-MOPSO can obtain Pareto optimal solutions with higher quality.
A Customized Deep Neural Network Approach to Investigate Travel Mode Choice with Interpretable Utility Information
Authors: Zhang Zhengchao , Ji Congyuan , Wang Yineng , Yang Yanni
Published: September 2020

Discrete choice modeling of travel modes is an essential part of traffic planning and management. Thus far, this field has been dominated by multinomial logit (MNL) models with a linear utility specification. However, deep neural networks (DNNs), owing to their powerful capacity of nonlinear fitting, are now rapidly replacing these models. This is because, by using DNNs, mode choice can be assimilated with the classification problems within the machine learning community. This article proposes a newly designed DNN framework for traffic mode choice in the style of two hidden layers. First, a local-connected layer automatically extracts an effective utility specification from the available data, and then, a fully connected layer augments the feature representation. Validated by a practical city-wide multimodal traffic dataset in Beijing, our model significantly outperforms the random utility models and simple fully connected neural network in terms of the prediction accuracy. Besides the comparison of the predictive power, we also present the interpretability of the proposed model.
EUS-FNA Diagnosis with Core Biopsy of Pancreatic Metastases from Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Romanini Samuel Galante , Serrano Juan Pablo Román , Castro Juliana Silveira Lima de , Torres Isabela Trindade , Ingold Alex , Borini André Lucchiari , Zulske Luiz Augusto Sanches , Matias Maria Bruna Feitosa , Marchi Jéssica Said de , Pulla José Andrés Sanchez , Ardengh José Celso
Published: September 2020

Background. The pancreas as a site of metastasis of other primary tumors is a rare event. Pancreatic metastases may occur years after the start of treatment of a neoplasm of another organ or may be the initial manifestation of an unidentified primary tumor. The most commonly reported primary sites for pancreatic metastases are the kidneys, lungs, breast, bowel, and skin (melanoma). Case Summary. The authors report a case of pancreatic metastasis derived from a primary breast cancer that underwent endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) core biopsy to obtain tissue, which made it possible to perform an immunohistochemical study. Conclusion. We emphasize the importance of outpatient follow-up after the treatment of a neoplasia and the completion of control exams. In addition, we should always be aware of the finding of a secondary lesion in patients who have already been diagnosed with cancer, even if it is located in unusual organs, as in this case, where two metastases of a breast carcinoma to the pancreas were detected.
Fractal Dimension for the Nonautonomous Stochastic Fifth-Order Swift–Hohenberg Equation
Authors: Guo Yanfeng , Guo Chunxiao , Xi Yongping
Published: September 2020

Some dynamics behaviors for the nonautonomous stochastic fifth-order Swift–Hohenberg equation with additive white noise are considered. The existence of pullback random attractors for the nonautonomous stochastic fifth-order Swift–Hohenberg equation with some properties is mainly investigated on the bounded domain and unbounded domain, through the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck transformation and tail-term estimates. Furthermore, on the basis of some conditions, the finiteness of fractal dimension of random attractor is proved.
Gastric Mucormycosis: An Infection of Fungal Invasion into the Gastric Mucosa in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Naqvi Haider A. , Nadeem Yousaf Muhammad , Chaudhary Fizah S. , Mills Lawrence
Published: September 2020

Primary gastric mucormycosis is a rare but potentially lethal fungal infection due to the invasion of Mucorales into the gastric mucosa. It may result in high mortality due to increased risk of complications in immunocompromised patients. Common predisposing risk factors to develop gastric mucormycosis are prolonged uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), solid organ or stem cell transplantation, underlying hematologic malignancy, and major trauma. Abdominal pain, hematemesis, and melena are common presenting symptoms. The diagnosis of gastric mucormycosis can be overlooked due to the rarity of the disease. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and management of the disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Radiological imaging findings are nonspecific to establish the diagnosis, and gastric biopsy is essential for histological confirmation of mucormycosis. Prompt treatment with antifungal therapy is the mainstay of treatment with surgical resection reserved in cases of extensive disease burden or clinical deterioration. We presented a case of acute gastric mucormycosis involving the body of stomach in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes and chronic renal disease, admitted with acute onset of abdominal pain. Complete resolution of lesion was noted with 16 weeks of medical treatment with intravenous amphotericin B and posaconazole.
Extended HPV Genotyping to Compare HPV Type Distribution in Self- and Provider-Collected Samples for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Rohner Eliane , Edelman Claire , Sanusi Busola , Schmitt John W. , Baker Anna , Chesko Kirsty , Faherty Brian , Gregory Sean M. , Romocki LaHoma S. , Sivaraman Vijay , Nelson Julie A.E. , O'Connor Siobhan , Hudgens Michael G. , Knittel Andrea K. , Rahangdale Lisa , Smith Jennifer S.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) testing of self-collected cervico-vaginal swabs could increase cervical cancer screening coverage, although triage strategies are needed to reduce unnecessary colposcopies. We evaluated the use of extended hr-HPV genotyping of self-collected samples for cervical cancer screening.

Methods:

We recruited women ages 25–65 years at two colposcopy clinics in North Carolina between November 2016 and January 2019, and obtained self-collected cervico-vaginal samples, provider-collected cervical samples, and cervical biopsies from all enrolled women. Self- and provider-collected samples were tested for 14 hr-HPV genotypes using the Onclarity Assay (Becton Dickinson). We calculated hr-HPV genotype–specific prevalence and assessed agreement between results in self- and provider-collected samples. We ranked the hr-HPV genotypes according to their positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher (CIN2+).

Results:

A total of 314 women participated (median age, 36 years); 85 women (27%) had CIN2+. More women tested positive for any hr-HPV on self-collected (76%) than on provider-collected samples (70%; P = 0.009) with type-specific agreement ranging from substantial to almost perfect. HPV-16 was the most common genotype in self-collected (27%) and provider-collected samples (20%), and HPV-16 prevalence was higher in self- than provider-collected samples (P < 0.001). In self- and provider-collected samples, HPV-16 had the highest PPV for CIN2+ detection.

Conclusions:

Overall sensitivity for CIN2+ detection was similar for both sample types, but the higher HPV-16 prevalence in self-collected samples could result in increased colposcopy referral rates.

Impact:

Additional molecular markers might be helpful to improve the triage of women who are hr-HPV positive on self-collected samples.
Amphiregulin Expression Is a Predictive Biomarker for EGFR Inhibition in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Combined Analysis of Three Randomized Trials
Authors: Stahler Arndt , Stintzing Sebastian , Modest Dominik P. , Ricard Ingrid , Giessen-Jung Clemens , Kapaun Christine , Ivanova Boryana , Kaiser Florian , Fischer von Weikersthal Ludwig , Moosmann Nicolas , Schalhorn Andreas , Stauch Martina , Kiani Alexander , Held Swantje , Decker Thomas , Moehler Markus , Neumann Jens , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas , Heinemann Volker
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are ligands of EGFR. Predictive information for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was observed, but data for other agents is limited.

Experimental Design:

Ligand mRNA expression; RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutations; and EGFR expression were assessed by qRT-PCR, pyrosequencing, and IHC, respectively, in mCRC tumor tissue of patients participating in the randomized controlled trials FIRE-1, CIOX, and FIRE-3. Normalized mRNA expression was dichotomized using median and third quartile. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method including univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Penalized spline regression analysis tested interaction of mRNA expression and outcome.

Results:

Of 688 patients with available material, high AREG expression was detected in 343 (>median) and 172 (>3rd quartile) patients. High AREG expression was associated with significantly higher OS [26.2 vs. 21.5 months, HR = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–0.94; P = 0.007], PFS (10.0 vs. 8.1 months, HR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63–0.86; P = 0.001), and objective response rate (63.1% vs. 51.6%, P = 0.004) compared to low expression at both threshold values. This effect remained significant in multivariate Cox regression analysis (OS: P = 0.01, PFS: P = 0.002). High AREG mRNA expression interacted significantly with the efficacy of cetuximab compared with bevacizumab (OS: P = 0.02, PFS: P = 0.04) in RAS WT mCRC.

Conclusions:

High AREG mRNA expression is a favorable prognostic biomarker for mCRC which interacted significantly with efficacy of anti-EGFR treatment.
Dermatological Disease in Australian Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: De Rosa Nicholas , Paddon Vanessa , Glanville Allan , Parsi Kurosh
Published: September 2020

Background: Research examining skin disease in heart and lung transplant recipients in Australia is limited. This study aims to determine the spectrum of skin diseases encountered in Australian heart and lung transplant recipients, their effect on quality of life, and potential risk factors for skin cancer. Methods: Ninety-four participants were recruited from an Australian heart and lung transplant centre between March and December 2016. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire which included the Dermatology Life Quality Index and were examined for malignant and non-malignant skin disease. The association of study variables with the presence of skin cancer and Dermatology Life Quality Index score were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results: A dermatological diagnosis was made in 82 patients (87%). Actinic keratosis was the most common diagnosis, affecting 50 participants (53%), followed by skin cancer (41; 44%) and warts (14; 15%). Other non-malignant skin diseases were less common. Risk factors associated with skin cancer on multivariate modelling included age at transplantation and a history of ≥5 post-transplant skin cancers. Skin disease had a negative effect on the quality of life of a minority of patients. Conclusion: Actinic keratosis and skin cancer are very frequent in Australian heart and lung transplant recipients and more common than non-malignant skin diseases. Routine dermatological surveillance at regular intervals is advised.
Integrative Concepts for Liver Surgery
Authors: Heinrich Stefan , Watzka Felix , Lang Hauke
Published: September 2020

Background: Surgery is the standard treatment for primary tumors and metastases. Due to improvements in surgical outcomes as well as the efficacy of systemic treatments, the role of surgery has changed in recent years. Summary: Liver surgery has become safe and efficient, with resectability being increased by multimodality concepts as well as staged liver resections and orthotopic liver transplantation. These concepts may be applied to primary liver tumors but also to selected patients with liver metastases from various diseases. In addition, even debulking surgery may be indicated for selected patients with endocrine metastases. While patient selection for liver resections was limited to clinical parameters in the past, histological and molecular characteristics have become increasingly important. Moreover, the response to regional or systemic chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be strong for a beneficial course of the disease even in advanced diseases. Key-Messages: Due to the variety of available treatment options, optimal patient selection is crucial. Besides liver surgery, staged concepts as well as liver transplantation are curative tools for many patients.
A “Watch and Wait” Strategy Involving Regular Endoscopic Surveillance Is Safe for Many Patients with Small, Sporadic, Grade 1, Non-Ampullary, Non-Functioning Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Exarchou Klaire , Moore Andrew R. , Smart Howard L. , Duckworth Carrie A. , Howes Nathan , Pritchard D. Mark
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours (d-NETs) are rare but are increasing in incidence. Current ENETS guidelines advocate resection of all localized d-NETs. However, “watch and wait” may be appropriate for some localized, small, grade 1, non-functioning, non-ampullary d-NETs. We evaluated whether patients with such d-NETs who chose “watch and wait” involving regular endoscopic surveillance had equivalent disease-related outcomes to patients undergoing endoscopic or surgical resection. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with histologically confirmed d-NETs at Liverpool ENETS Centre of Excellence 2007–2020. Results: Sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with d-NET of which 50 were sporadic, non-functioning, non-ampullary tumours. Patient treatment groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and tumour location and grade, but unsurprisingly, larger tumours (median diameter 17 mm [p < 0.0001]) were found in the surgically treated group. Five patients underwent surgical resection with no evidence of tumour recurrence or disease-related death. Twelve patients underwent endoscopic resection (ER), with 1 local recurrence detected during follow-up. Thirty patients (28 with d-NETs ≤10 mm) underwent “watch and wait” with resection only if tumours increased in size. The d-NETs in 28/30 patients remained stable or decreased in size over a median 27 months (IQR: 15–48, R: 3–98). In 7 patients, the d-NET was completely removed by avulsion during diagnostic biopsy and was not seen at subsequent endoscopies. Only 2 patients showed increased d-NET size during surveillance, of whom only one was fit for ER. No NET-related deaths were documented during follow-up. Conclusions: All of the localized, ≤10 mm, grade 1, non-functioning, non-ampullary d-NETs in this cohort behaved indolently with very low risks of progression and no tumour-related deaths. “Watch and wait,” therefore, appears to be a safe alternative management strategy for selected d-NETs.
Description of a new species of cecidomyiid (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) predator of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sugarcane
Authors: Urso-Guimarães Maria Virgínia , Cruz Maiara Alexandre , Martinelli Nilza Maria , Peronti Ana Lúcia Gonzalez Benfatti
Published: September 2020

Diadiplosis saccharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male and female prey on nymphs of mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Herein, the genus is composed by 33 species. The key of the eight species of the Diadiplosis distributed in Brazil is updated.
New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Authors: Santos-Silva Antonio , Botero Juan Pablo , Nascimento Francisco Eriberto de Lima , Martins David dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Twenty three new state records of Cerambycidae are provided for Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Forgotten geographical records for Desmiphora (Desmiphora) cirrosa Erichson, 1847, and Cipriscola fasciata (Thomson, 1860) are mentioned. Notes on Metacriodion capixaba Fragoso, 1970, Potiaete maculata Martins & Galileo, 1999, and Eriphus mexicanus Audinet-Serville, 1834 are presented. The female of Trestonia grisea Martins & Galileo, 1990 is described for the first time. Stenoeme annularis Martins, 1980 is redescribed and a key to species of Stenoeme is provided. Four new species are described from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo: Microibidion fiuzai, Iquiracetima venturai, Adesmus culiki, and Xenofrea simplicioi.
First records of the bean-slug Sarasinula plebeia (Gastropoda: Veronicellidae) in Argentina
Authors: Daglio Eduardo Daniel , Lucía Micaela de , Gomes Suzete Rodrigues , Gutiérrez Gregoric Diego Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Sarasinula plebeia is a common land slug in tropical and subtropical areas, including South America. This species is known as Bean-slug but considered a pest of great importance in numerous crops, horticultural facilities, plant nurseries, and garden. Also, it is a natural host for nematodes that cause parasitosis in different countries. We report for the first time the occurrence of Sarasinula plebeia in Argentina, based on material collected in the provinces of Chaco and Misiones, extending the distribution of the species in South America to 34 terrestrial ecoregions.
Implicações imperiais ligadas ao Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (Σ 042): apontamentos a partir de uma análise imagética
Authors: Rocha Karolina Santos da
Published: September 2020

O Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (Σ 042) foi constantemente analisado a partir de um viés ocidental e moderno, o que afetou diretamente o sentido desse documento histórico. Assim, este artigo se propõe a entender a especificidade do pensamento figurativo e da composição textual bizantina a partir de problemáticas relativas ao seu possível contexto e espaço de produção. Concentramo-nos na análise de 3 fólios específicos, particularmente relevantes. Acreditamos que há uma dinâmica significativa e que se diferencia das outras figurações no que diz respeito à repetição de conteúdo. Concentramos nossa atenção nos temas eucarísticos que estão presentes em três fólios: A Última Ceia (fol. 3r); a distribuição do pão (fol. 3v) e a distribuição do vinho (fol. 4r). Discordamos, porém, da historiografia tradicional que discute o tema, na medida em que essa sequência de imagens ultrapassa aspectos religiosos e remete a implicações imperiais e rituais da corte bizantina.
O conceito de civilização e a política indigenista do século XIX
Authors: Miranda Gabrielly Bononi
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo pretende discutir as mudanças ocorridas no Brasil Imperial referentes a política indigenista do século XIX, analisando o conceito de civilização que perpassou todo o contexto imperial, especialmente os últimos anos, e a influência deste conceito na construção desta política no período. Também discutimos a Lei de Terras, promulgada no ano de 1850, apontando para a influência dessa legislação, dita como a novidade do século, na construção da política indigenista e da regulamentação das terras de aldeias e de aldeamentos. Utilizamos o conceito de civilização como referência devido ao Império tratar a necessidade de “civilizar” a nação brasileira em seus aspectos social, político, econômico e cultural, especialmente ao que concernia as populações indígenas, que aparecem quase a todo momento como alvos e objetos de civilização nos documentos oficiais, como os Relatórios de Província referentes ao século XIX, na fonte central, “O Regulamento de Missões de 1845” e na Lei de Terras de 1850.
A imprensa feminina e a emancipação da mulher: uma análise do periódico O Sexo Feminino (Rio de Janeiro – 1889)
Authors: Menegatt Karen
Published: September 2020

O tema que orienta essa pesquisa é a concepção de mulher e os discursos sobre o universo feminino na imprensa brasileira em 1889, partindo da problematização que busca entender quais eram as narrativas sobre o lugar da mulher e suas relações nas vésperas da Proclamação da República no Brasil, a partir da análise do periódico O Sexo Feminino. A partir desse trabalho, objetiva-se analisar e compreender a atuação da imprensa feminina durante o final do Império no Brasil, investigar os discursos sobre o ser mulher e suas possibilidades, bem como analisar as principais reivindicações presentes no periódico. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi a de análise documental e de revisão bibliográfica baseada em autoras como Simone de Beauvoir (2016), Cecília Vieira do Nascimento (2004), Michelle Perrot (1998, 2006), Céli Pinto (2003), Norma Teles (2004), Constância Lima Duarte (2017, 2019), entre outras e outros. Ao longo da pesquisa pode-se constatar que as principais reivindicações femininas giravam em torno da educação e do acesso ao universo do trabalho, que levariam a emancipação racional da mulher, baseando-se na defesa da igualdade dos sexos.
Ambitionz az a Teacha: understanding Contemporary Rap Music’s Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Wilson Asif , Henderson Daunte
Published: September 2020

This case study extends Elligan’s (2000, 2004) Rap Therapy model to explore the pedagogical usefulness of contemporary rap music. Methodologically, the authors borrow the testimonio from Latina Feminist Scholarship, to explore the ways in which young people participating in a summer literacy program analyzed their lives and the world through rap music; how rap music supported their healing; and how rap music was used as a pedagogical tool. Over the course of four months the co-authors of this study created and analyzed 17 co-written testimonios for their generative themes. The authors conclude with a presentation of The (Re) mix—a rap-centered pedagogical framework. The (Re) mix is made up of three, interconnected pillars. One, contemporary rap music (re)tells the experience(s) of the dispossessed. It helps shift the blame for oppression in the world towards the structures of society. Second, contemporary rap music (re)affirms young peoples’ existence. It provides them with an imaginative environment to imagine a more just world. Third, contemporary rap music (re)stores our humanity. It is a tool to name, connect, and move beyond our pain, creating a context for healing as individuals in a collective society. The authors hope that findings of this study empower other educators to infuse contemporary rap music into their pedagogies as a method for students to better read and write the world, adding to the body of knowledge related to critical media literacy.
Knowledge of Self: Possibilities for Spoken Word Poetry, Hip Hop Pedagogy, and “Blackout Poetic Transcription” in Critical Qualitative Research
Authors: Keith Anthony , Endsley Crystal Leigh
Published: September 2020

This article traces the development of Blackout Poetic Transcription (bpt) as a critical methodology for artist-scholars engaged with Hip Hop pedagogy in higher education spaces. We include Keith’s outline of the bpt method and Endsly’s first hand account of implementing the practice in an undergraduate classroom. Together, the authors grapple with mainstream and alternative identities within their Hip Hop praxis as spoken word artists and educators.
First record of Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862 (Demospongiae, Suberitida, Halichondriidae) in the Eastern Pacific, with description of a new species from Peru
Authors: ARROYO YESSENIA , HAJDU EDUARDO , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , CÓNDOR-LUJÁN BÁSLAVI
Published: September 2020

Ciocalypta includes species with finger-shaped fistules emerging from a basal mass and skeleton composed by a central axis and secondary tracts supporting the ectosome. Although worldwide distributed, no species of this genus has been reported from the Eastern Pacific. In this study, a new Ciocalypta is described from shallow waters of the southern coast of Peru. Ciocalypta magnastyla sp. nov. is greenish white, possesses the typical fistules with oscula located at their tips, and it is characterized by the presence of large styles (370–1000/5.0–32.5 µm) in combination with oxeas of intermediate size (160–500/5.0–12.5 µm). This new species constitutes the first record of the genus for the Peruvian coast as well as for the entire Eastern Pacific.
On a new Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) from Southern Patagonia (Chile, Argentina), with a redescription of T. chilensis and some systematic and biogeographical insights

Authors: DE LEÓN RODRIGO PONCE , RUDOLPH ERICH H. , VOLONTERIO ODILE
Published: September 2020

To date, only one species of Temnocephala is known from Chile, Temnocephala chilensis, and three from southern Argentina (Patagonia), namely T. chilensis, Temnocephala dionii, and Temnocephala mexicana. Here we describe a new species of Temnocephala and provide an updated description of T. chilensis based on material found on an anomuran crab (Aeglidae) from southern Chile. Additional hosts and localities are reported for both species in southern Argentina and Chile, and a diagnostic key for all species of Temnocephala hosted on Aegla and Parastacidae is included as well. In southern Chile, both T. chilensis and the new species were found on the crayfish Samastacus spinifrons and on the anomuran crabs Aegla abtao and Aegla alacalufi; in addition, the new species was found on Aegla manni, and T. chilensis on Aegla rostrata. In southern Argentina, T. chilensis and the new species were found on Aegla riolimayana and S. spinifrons. Based on their shared traits (morphology of the penial stylet, host preferences and geographic distribution), the temnocephalans hosted in Aegla are tentatively gathered into two clusters, the Chilensis and Axenos groups.
Linking Atmospheric Rivers to Annual and Extreme River Runoff in British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska
Authors: Sharma Aseem R. , Déry Stephen J.
Published: September 2020

This study quantifies the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs) to annual and extreme river runoff and evaluates the relationships between watershed characteristics and AR-related maximum river runoff across British Columbia and southeastern Alaska (BCSAK). Datasets used include gauged runoff from 168 unregulated watersheds, topographic characteristics of those watersheds, a regional AR catalog, and integrated vapor transport fields for water years (WYs) 1979–2016. ARs contribute ~22% of annual river runoff along the Coast and Insular Mountains watersheds, which decreases inland to ~11% in the watersheds of the Interior Mountains and Plateau. Average association between ARs and annual maximum river runoff attains >80%, >50%, and <50% along the watersheds of the western flanks of the Coast Mountains, the Interior Mountains, and Interior Plateau, respectively. There is no significant change in AR-related extreme annual maximum runoff across BCSAK during 1979–2016. AR conditions occur during 25 out of 32 of the flood-related natural disasters in British Columbia during WYs 1979–2016. AR-related annual maximum runoff magnitude is significantly higher than non-AR-related annual maximum runoff for 30% of the watersheds studied. Smaller and steeper watersheds closer to the coast are more susceptible to AR-related annual maximum runoff than their inland counterparts. These results illustrate the importance of AR activity as a major control for the distribution of peak runoff in BCSAK. This work provides insights on the hydrological response of watersheds of northwestern North America to landfalling ARs that may improve flood risk assessment and disaster management in this region.
Factors Influencing Ensemble Sensitivity–Based Targeted Observing Predictions at Convection-Allowing Resolutions
Authors: Hill Aaron J. , Weiss Christopher C. , Ancell Brian C.
Published: September 2020

Ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is applied to select types of observations, in various locations and in advance of forecast convection, to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ESA-based observation targeting for 10 convection forecasts. To facilitate the analysis, observing system simulation experiments and perfect models are utilized to generate synthetic targeted observations of temperature and pressure for future assimilation with an ensemble prediction system. Various observation assimilation experiments are carried out to assess the impacts of nonlinearity, covariance localization, and numerical noise on ESA-based observation-impact predictions. It is discovered that localization applied during data assimilation restricts targeted-observation increments onto the forecast responses of composite reflectivity and 3-hourly accumulated precipitation, making impact predictions poor. In addition, numerical noise introduced by nonlinear perturbation evolution tends to reduce the correlations between observed and predicted impacts; small, random-perturbation experiments often yielded similar impacts on forecasts as targeted observations. Nonlinearity also manifests in the observation impacts when comparing targeted observations with nontargeted, randomly chosen observations; random observations have seemingly the same impact on forecasts as targeted observations. The results, under idealized conditions and simplified ensemble configurations, demonstrate that ESA-based targeting for nonlinear convection forecasts may be most applicable at short time scales. Important implications for ESA-based targeting methods employed with real-time ensemble systems are also discussed.
Biotin immunoassay interference: A UK-based prevalence study
Authors: Sanders A , Gama R , Ashby H , Mohammed P
Published: September 2020

Background

Biotin interference in biotin-streptavidin-based immunoassays is increasingly reported due to individuals taking biotin-containing supplements and patients prescribed biotin. The reported prevalence of serum biotin above the lowest threshold (≥10  µg/L) for interference in Roche Diagnostics immunoassay tests is 0.8% in Australia and 7.4% in the USA. There are, however, no such data in UK populations. In a service evaluation, we therefore studied the prevalence of biotin interference in routine serum samples received in our laboratory.

Methods

Biotin was measured in 524 anonymized surplus serum samples in which at least one immunoassay test had been requested.

Results

The median (95% confidence intervals) for serum biotin was 0.27  µg/L (0.07–0.93  µg/L). Serum biotin was <10  µg/L in all samples, <5 µg/L in 522 (99.6%) and <1  µg/L in 513 (98.1%) samples. In four samples, serum biotin was ≥2.5  µg/L (0.8%).

Conclusions

These data indicate that the probability of biotin immunoassay interference in our patient population is extremely low, with the exception of assays reporting the lowest interference thresholds (e.g. Ortho Troponin I assay [threshold ≥2.5  µg/L]).
Clashing Values: Supranational Identities, Geopolitical Rivalry and Europe’s Growing Cultural Divide
Authors: Akaliyski Plamen , Welzel Christian
Published: September 2020

Soon after the collapse of Soviet-type communism in Central and Eastern Europe, a new geopolitical division began to reshape the continent. Our study demonstrates that this newly emerging geopolitical divide has been underpinned by a corresponding cultural divergence, of which “emancipative values” are the most powerful marker. Using the European Values Study/World Values Survey 1990 to 2014, we find that the former Iron Curtain no longer constitutes a cultural boundary because the ex-communist states that joined the European Union have been converging with the West’s strong emphasis on emancipative values. Instead, a new and steeply growing cultural gap has emerged between the European Union and its Eastern neighbors. The two competing geopolitical formations in the West and East—the European and Eurasian Unions, respectively—have diverged culturally in recent decades. The divergence goes back to contrasting supranational identities that originate in different religious traditions, which rulers have increasingly accentuated to strengthen their nations’ endorsement or dismissal of emancipative values. Through this sorting-out process, emancipative values became an increasingly significant marker of a Western-vs-Eastern cultural identity. Our study is the first to link this groundbreaking cultural transformation to civilizational identities and geopolitical rivalry.
Factors Associated With the Location of Expected Pediatric Deaths in the Palliative Care Context
Authors: Coombs Sandra , Aouad Phillip , Jaaniste Tiina
Published: September 2020

Early planning and knowing which factors to consider when planning the location of death (LOD) of a palliative child, may help minimize the burden of hasty decision-making in the future, and may provide families with a sense of control. The current paper reviewed which factors were associated with pediatric LOD and further considered some emerging factors that should are important to better facilitate integrative planning. Three overarching areas of consideration related to pediatric LOD planning were identified including health service factors, familial factors and patient factors. Multiple sub-factor considerations are presented. Further, the paper presents a conceptual model of the factors found to be related to pediatric LOD planning. The limitations that exist with rigorously and empirically studying pediatric LOD preferences are apparent from the dearth of knowledge seen in the field. However, future studies should continue to examine such factors more closely to better understand the nuanced implications.
Tubercular longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with lower motor neuron paralysis
Authors: Goyal Manjeet Kumar , Lal Mahesh
Published: September 2020

Transverse myelitis typically extends two or less spinal segments, whereas longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) extends three or more spinal segments in length and may occasionally span all the segments of the spinal cord. We present a case of spinal tuberculosis presenting with LETM with true lower motor neuron-type flaccid paraplegia.
Developing the Public Participation Field: The Role of Independent Bodies for Public Participation
Authors: Bherer Laurence , Gauthier Mario , Simard Louis
Published: September 2020

This article examines how independent bodies for public participation (IBPPs) can initiate a convergence around practices among actors in the public participation field, especially sponsors of participatory arrangements and the associated participation firms. As IBPPs have the public resources and legal authority to independently organize participatory arrangements, they can play a coordinating role in the public participation field. A comparison of two IBPPs, one in Canada (Quebec) and one in France, shows that IBPPs enhance the development of the participation industry and strengthen recognition of several informal norms concerning public participation design and implementation.
Algebraic estimator of Parkinson’s tremor frequency from biased and noisy sinusoidal signals
Authors: Yaşar Claudia F.
Published: September 2020

Tremor is an uncontrolled trembling movement or shakes, which are defined as an involuntary, rhythmic oscillatory movement of the body. The dominant features of Parkinsonism are the motor task and its frequency. This paper presents studies on the tremor parameter identification to be used for obtaining the frequency as a dynamical feature of the tremor. The method is based on the analysis of time-varying signals for identification of the tremor’s frequency from unknown noisy harmonic signals with an offset, using time-varying unstable filters and low-pass Butterworth filters. This approach uses an algebraic derivative method, in the frequency domain, to obtain the main frequency of tremors in the time domain. The first frequency mode of the tremor is one of the main characteristics to represent the low vibrational dynamics of Parkinson’s tremor. The proposed frequency estimation is performed in less than a period of the slower component of the measured signal. Real tremor signals were used to experimentally validate the proposed method and the algorithm proved to be fast and robust to high-frequency noises tracking the time variation of the tremor accurately.
Long-term Results of Arthroscopic Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation: A Prospective Follow-up at 15 Years
Authors: Andriolo Luca , Reale Davide , Di Martino Alessandro , De Filippis Roberto , Sessa Andrea , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Background:

Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) procedures have been developed to overcome some of the limits of first-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation. However, while good autologous chondrocyte implantation results have been documented over time, data are scarce on the long-term MACT results.

Purpose:

To evaluate long-term clinical results of a large cohort of patients treated with hyaluronic acid–based MACT for articular cartilage defects of the knee.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A long-term evaluation of 113 patients was performed (91 men, 22 women; mean ± SD age, 29.0 ± 10.6 years) for 115 knees affected by chondral and osteochondral lesions of the femoral condyles and trochlea. Of these, 61 knees had undergone previous surgery, while other procedures were combined during the same operation in 48 knees. These patients were prospectively evaluated before surgery and at 2, 5, and 10 years after surgery, as well as at a final mean follow-up of 15 years (range, 12-18 years), with various clinical scores: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and Tegner. Both surgical and clinical failures were documented.

Results:

The IKDC subjective score increased from the basal level of 39.9 ± 14.6 (mean ± SD) to 77.3 ± 20.5 ( P < .0005) at 2 years; results remained stable up to the 15-year follow-up (76.9 ± 20.5). EQ-VAS and Tegner scores showed a statistically significant improvement up to 10 years, with a further significant improvement at the final follow-up. A failure rate of 15.0% was documented, which increased to 21.7% when clinical failures were also considered. A worse outcome was found for older age ( P < .0005), female sex ( P = .002), degenerative lesions ( P < .0005), longer duration of symptoms ( P = .005), and previous surgery ( P < .0005).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic MACT offered good and long-lasting results that were stable over time and resulted in a limited number of failures and reinterventions for up to 15 years of follow-up. Several factors were identified as having a prognostic value: a worse outcome could be expected in older patients, female patients, those affected by lesions with a degenerative cause, those having a longer duration of symptoms, and patients who underwent previous surgery.
Termite’s potential in solid waste management in Himachal Pradesh: A mini review
Authors: Sharma Radhika , Kaur Ramneek , Rana Neha , Poonia Asha , Rana Duni Chand , Attri Suresh
Published: September 2020

One of the major reasons for the degradation of Earth’s setting is inappropriate disposal of solid waste. Mountains of solid waste are increasing in every country making solid waste management a challenge almost everywhere on Earth. It is vital to look for such municipal solid waste management solutions that are financially sustainable, technically possible, socially and legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Currently vermicomposting is the only biological solid waste treatment process that uses multicellular organisms to biodegrade organic wastes. A few species of insects are capable of digesting lignin and cellulose. Of these, termites are the most numerous and play a decisive role as scavengers. Microflora which inhabit the termites’ gut contribute to their waste degrading potential. Termites act as major soil ecosystem managers and are able to breakdown and recycle organic matter and composite. Although studies in the potential of termites to increase soil fertility are well-accounted for in the literature, the potential of termites for solid waste management still needs to be explored. This mini review presents the state of information on the use of termite species in solid waste degradation focused on the potential application in the Himachal Pradesh region, India. This review highlights different termite species found in Himachal Pradesh and the challenges that are needed to be conquered. The study also aims at encouraging competent authorities/researchers to work towards the improvement of the present system by further exploring the use of termites in solid waste management through suggestions and recommendations.
Bone Remodeling Under Screw-Fixed Chin Implants in Patients With Microgenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ortiz-Díaz Cristina , Echevarría Edgar , Guerrero Lidia M. , Rivas-Tumanyan Sona , Elias Augusto
Published: September 2020

The use of alloplastic chin implants has been associated with a risk of bone resorption. The aims of this study were to evaluate, in patients with microgenia, the association between chin implants and bone resorption and identify the associated risk factors for such resorption. The sample consisted of 51 patients with microgenia: 17 with chin implants (group A, placed over the course of a 15-year period [2002-2017]) and 34 without implants (group B). Cone-beam computed tomography was used to evaluate bone erosion in different areas of the chin. The patients were evaluated, and their medical records were reviewed to identify risk factors. A chi-square or Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to compare groups; resorption sites were compared with Friedman test. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between potential risk factors and resorption. Bone resorption was higher in group A than in group B (mean ± SD: 0.98 ± 0.63 mm vs 0.03 ± 0.12 mm; P < .0001). Symphyseal buccal cortical bone in group A was thinner (1.66 ± 0.34 mm) than it was in group B (2.07 ± 0.45 mm), P < .001. Group A showed appositional bone growth and no cortical bone perforation. The mean of the amount of bone resorption of chin implant patients compared with that of those without implants was, on average, 0.99 mm greater (95% confidence interval: 0.64-1.35; P < .001). Although statistically significant differences in bone resorption were observed between groups, these differences were not clinically significant. Thinning of symphyseal buccal cortical bone without perforation and appositional bone growth occurred in chin implant patients, suggesting bone remodeling. Our results suggest that bone that is in contact with chin implants remodels and remains stable throughout the years, instead of undergoing progressive resorption.
Psychological Intimate Partner Violence, Insecure Attachment, and Parental Psychological Control from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Choe So Young , Lee Jungeun Olivia , Read Stephen J.
Published: September 2020

We examine if psychological intimate partner violence (pIPV) is predicted by parental psychological control (PPC) via insecure attachment. Our results analyzing longitudinal data from the Child Development Project show that PPC perceived at age 16 predicts insecure attachment at age 18, which then predicts pIPV at age 24. Moreover, the paths with attachment anxiety are consistently significant while ones with attachment avoidance are not. Further, all the paths are significant regardless of the gender of the adolescents and parents, which indicates that PPC is detrimental regardless of the gender of the adolescents or parents. Lastly, PPC perceived at age 16 does not directly predict pIPV at age 24, which suggests that social learning theory of aggression ( Bandura, 1978 ) may not explain the association from PPC to pIPV. Our results suggest that research and practice would benefit by considering PPC as an antecedent of pIPV via insecure attachment from adolescence to emerging adulthood.