bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suriye ve Irak Örnekleri Üzerinden Türkiye-İran İlişkileri: İşbirliği mi Rekabet mi?
Authors: AKTAŞ Kevser
Published: June 2018

2011’de halk gösterileri şeklinde
başlayan ve kısa sürede iç savaşa evrilen Suriye krizi başladığı günden bu güne
Türkiye-İran ilişkilerinde en önemli sorun haline gelmiştir. İki ülkenin
tamamen farklı hedeflere yönelik politikalar izlemeleri ve iç savaşın hem
kendileri hem de bölge açısından oluşturduğu zararların bilincinde hareket
etmemeleri, krizin derinleşmesine yol açmıştır. Oluşan güç boşluğu ise soruna
ABD ve Rusya gibi bölge dışı aktörlerin müdahalesine zemin hazırlamış ve iç
savaş çok aktörlü bir krize dönüşmüştür. 2017 yılında başlayan Türkiye ve İran
ilişkilerinde yumuşama döneminin nedenlerden biri Suriye krizinin çıkmaza
girmesi olmuştur. Bir diğer neden ise 2017 yılında Irak Kürt Bölgesel Yönetimi
tarafından düzenlenen bağımsızlık referandumudur. Suriye örneğinin aksine,
durumun kendileri için oluşturduğu ortak tehdidin farkına erken varan Türkiye
ve İran, bu meselede ortak hareket etmeyi başarabilmişlerdir. Diğer sebeplerin
yanında, iki önemli bölgesel güç olan Türkiye ve İran’ın ortak tutumu ve
kararlılığıyla referandum sonuçları askıya alınmıştır. Bu iki örnek olay da;
tek başlarına oyun kurucu rolüne sahip olmasalar da ortak hareket etmeleri
durumunda iki ülkenin, bölgeyi doğrudan etkileyecek olaylarda etkin rol
oynayabileceklerini göstermektedir. Bölgede yaşanan krizlerin her iki ülke için
de oluşturduğu zararlara bakıldığında rasyonel olan davranış da ortak hareket
etmeleridir.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK, KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SMK NEGERI 4 MAKASSAR
Authors: Paida Andi
Published: June 2018

Kinerja profesional seorang guru terpengaruh oleh beberapa faktor seperti kompetensi dan kepuasan kerja. Idealnya, kompetensi yang wajib dimiliki oleh seorang guru yaitu kompetensi pedagogik, profesional, sosial, dan kepribadian. Sedangkan kepuasan kerja terkait dengan standar atau ukuran terpenuhinya hak dan kewajiban kerja seorang guru. Faktor penentu keberhasilan kinerja guru tersebut hingga saat ini belum mendapatkan kejelasan terkait faktor mana yang memiliki pengaruh yang lebih kuat terhadap kinerja profesional guru. Melaui penelitian ini, akan ditemukan kejelasan dari permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional karena akan menguji adanya pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Pendekatan yang digunakan ada dua yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 4 Makassar. Data dalam penelitian ini terbagi menjadi (1) data kompetensi profesional guru, (2) data kompetensi pedagogik guru, (3) data kepuasan kerja, dan (4) data kinerja guru. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi teknik observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi, (1) analisis uji validitas butir soal, (2) analisis uji realibilitas instrumen, (3) uji persyaratan data meliputi uji normalitas dan uji linearitas, (4) analisis deksriptif, (5) uji hipotesis dengan uji T Parsial dan uji F.
Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes utilizados no pré-dipping frente a amostras de Staphylococcus spp
Authors: Dos Santos Isabela Carvalho , Da Silva Danilo Ratti , Oliveira Aliny Fernanda de , Oliveira Vanessa Rosaline de , Martins Lisiane De Almeida
Published: June 2018

Os micro-organismos presentes durante a ordenha podem ter uma grande redução quando os utensílios são corretamente higienizados e realiza-se o pré-dipping com produtos que possuem eficácia comprovada, evitando, assim, a proliferação de micro-organismos resistentes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a eficácia dos principais desinfetantes utilizados, com concentrações variadas: o iodo 0,57%, clorexidine 2% e hipoclorito de sódio 2%, frente a cepas de Staphylococcus spp. Para a realização deste trabalho foram testadas cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccocus coagulase negativa e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, advindas de caso de mastite bovina clínica e subclínica, com exposição aos desinfetantes nos tempos de 15", 30", 60" e 120". Levando-se em consideração os resultados do método utilizado, o desinfetante que causa uma maior resposta de sensibilidade foi o clorexidine a 2%, principalmente durante os tempos de 30” e 60”.
Assessment of biosecurity levels in pig farms in the Northwestern region in the State of Parana, Brazil
Authors: Rosa Gilneia Da , Lima Jonathan Soares de , Gonçalves Arianne Peruzo Pires , Sposito Paulo Henrique , Tieppo Jady Slaviero , Neto Adalgiza Pinto , Merlini Luiz Sergio
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de biossegurança em 50 granjas de suínos, localizadas na região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Para o estudo de biossegurança, foram atribuídos pontos, variando de 0 a 3, em cada critério avaliado: distância em relação a outras unidades suinícolas, densidade de rebanho em um raio de 3,5 km, granjas que fornecem as fêmeas suínas para a substituição do rebanho, distância da estrada para o transporte dos suínos, isolamento da granja (sebes e cercas, controle de visitas, existência de áreas de quarentena, origem alimentar, transporte de ração). Das 50 propriedades estudadas, obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: 50 granjas estão situadas a mais de 3,5 km de outras unidades de produção de suínos ou estradas; algumas têm mais de um fornecedor para substituir os animais no rebanho. No que diz respeito ao controle de visitantes, 28 recebem visitas ocasionais, com intervalo sanitário de 24 horas; nenhuma tem sistema de banho com vestuário e troca de calçados e banheiro com área limpa e suja; 22 não recebem visitas e todos eles têm banhos de arranque, com todos os empregados usando botas. Sete granjas ofereceram alimentos fabricados por terceiros; todas apresentaram cercas dividindo o perímetro interno e transportaram alimentos e / ou matérias-primas com um graneleiro. Apenas 13 produziram suas próprias fêmeas suínas e reprodutores. Todos eles realizaram ruptura sanitária, controle de pragas e forneceram água clorada; também usaram compostagem para animais mortos, placenta e abortos. Nenhuma granja atingiu a pontuação máxima, uma vez que todos apresentaram alguma falha no sistema de biossegurança.
Avaliação epidemiológica dos pacientes diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial
Authors: Silva Maria da Conceição Coutinho da , Soares Karinn De Araujo , Leal Cristiane Soares , Da Silva Dinaiara Valeria , Da Rocha Filho Disraeli Reis
Published: June 2018

O Programa Hiperdia configura-se como o cadastramento e acompanhamento dos usuários portadores de Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial, no programa de saúde da família, e tem por objetivo monitorar os pacientes e gerar informação para aquisição, dispensação e distribuição de medicamentos de forma regular. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o perfil socioeconômico, demográfico e epidemiológico dos pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos atendidos por uma equipe de Saúde da Família na Unidade de Saúde Anita Ferraz, em Teresina-PI. O trabalho foi realizado levando-se em consideração os objetivos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica, da Estratégia Saúde da Família e da Organização do Programa Hiperdia e a amostra contou com 110 pacientes. Constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos estava na faixa etária entre 40 a 60 anos, 78,1% são hipertensos e 58,8% afirmaram ter sido diagnosticado com hipertensão e/ou diabetes antes dos 45 anos. Em relação ao perfil dos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, foi observado que, dentre os fatores de risco descritos na literatura, alguns chamaram a atenção, destacando-se a não realização de atividade física, a utilização de gordura, predominando o óleo de soja, e o consumo excessivo de açúcar branco. Tais hábitos e padrões de consumo, no entanto, podem trazer prejuízos à saúde desses pacientes, tornando-os susceptíveis a complicações clínicas. A partir dos resultados obtidos no estudo, concluiu-se que é indispensável o envolvimento da Equipe Saúde da Família junto aos hipertensos e diabéticos com relação à educação em saúde.
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic assessment of gallic and ellagic acids
Authors: Alves Michel Mualem de Moraes , Brito Lucas Moreira , Souza Adriana Cunha , De Carvalho Thaynara Parente , Viana Felipe José Costa , Oliveira Felipe Araújo de Alcântara , Barreto Humberto Medeiros , Oliveira Jéssica Sara De Sousa Macêdo , Chaves Mariana Helena , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Carvalho Fernando Aécio De Amorim
Published: June 2018

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a atividade antimicrobiana do ácido gálico (AG) e ácido elágico (AE) contra estirpes de bactérias, Candida albicans e Leishmania amazonensis, bem como avaliar sua citotoxicidade em macrófagos peritoneais murinos. As concentrações mínimas de inibição (CMI) de ácidos gálico e elágico foram determinadas pelo ensaio de microdiluição. As CMIs da norfloxacina contra uma estirpe de Staphylococcus aureus com sobre-expressão de NorA foram determinadas na ausência ou presença de cada composto em concentrações sub-inibitórias, a fim de verificar a capacidade destes compostos como potenciais inibidores da bomba de efluxo. O ácido gálico foi inativo contra todas as cepas testadas, enquanto isso o ácido elágico mostrou atividade contra S. aureus e C. albicans. Por outro lado, ambos os compostos não conseguiram modular a resistência à fluoroquinolona, indicando que não são inibidores de NorA. Além disso, eles foram ativos contra L. amazonensis, com valores de IC50 de 10,94 e 3,64 μg ∙ mL-1 para AG e AE, respectivamente. Eles também mostraram citotoxicidade em macrófagos peritoneais murinos com valores de CC50 de 126,5 e 23,811 μg ∙ mL-1 para AG e AE, respectivamente. Curiosamente, ambos os compostos mostraram ser mais seletivos para parasitas que para macrófagos. Estes resultados demonstraram que os ácidos gálico e elágico representam uma alternativa potencial para a terapia de infecções por estafilococos, micoses e leishmaniose.
Visualization of biliary ducts while doing laparoscopy, using HEV LapVision
Authors: Ogurtsov О. V. , Lukavetskyy О. V.
Published: June 2018

Objective. To determine efficacy of intraoperative visualization of biliary tree, using fluorescent cholangiography (FCH) and a high–energy visible laparoscopy vison (HEV LapVison) while laparoscopic cholecystectomy performance (LCHE).
Маterials and methods. In 25 patients LCHE was performed. Preoperatively fluorescein was injected intravenously for guaranteeing of the FCH performance. HEV LapVison was applied for intraoperative visualization of fluorescence.
Results. Visualization of the cystic duct and its inflow into common biliary duct was guaranteed in 90% patientsх. In 13 (52%) patients the anatomic picture was typical while in 7 (28%) some variants were observed: a parallel course of cystic duct and common biliary duct, and low level of the cystic duct inflow into hepaticocholedochus.
Conclusion. FCH is a simple procedure for intraoperative navigation doing and guaranteeing of «critical view on security» while performance of LCHE. FCH together with HEV LapVison constitutes a new surgical procedure, making possible revealing of extrahepatic biliary ducts. This method may be applied as additional one while doing LCHE, preventing damage of biliary ducts.
Тhree–level face lifting
Authors: Slyusaryev I. Yu. , Slyusaryev N. I. , Denischuk P. А.
Published: June 2018

Objective. To follow–up and to compare a quality of stabilization of covering tissues in middle zone of the face, using ultrasonographic investigations, in long time after performance of a three–level face lifting and classical SMAS lifting.

Маterials and methods. In the investigation 40 women–patients, ageing 42–70 yrs old, took part, in whom a face lifting was performed 5 – 8 yrs before. Investigation group consisted of 20 women, to whom three–level face lifting was performed, and a control one – 20 women, in whom face lifting was done in accordance to classic method.

Results. Median indices of the covering elements thickness in projection of the anchor points in women–patients in 5 – 8 yrs after classic face liftinghave constituted: B – 3.9 mm, D – 5.9 mm, H – 6.6 mm; after three–level face lifting operation: В – 4.8 mm, D – 8.5 mm, H – 6.6 mm.

Conclusion.Меthod of a three–level face lifting is indicated to the patients, suffering pronounced salient deformities of the face middle zone and depletion of the suborbital and cheekbone zones.
Discussion issues in regulatory consequences of surgical help delivery in accordance to principles of a new medical reform
Authors: Muzychenko P. F. , Bilyakov А. М. , Ergard N. М.
Published: June 2018

Objective. To discuss an acute issues of possible loyal consequences of the surgical help giving in accordance to positions of a new medical reform.

Маterials and methods. The article 140 of Criminal Codex of Ukraine (further – CC of Ukraine) in accordance to The Order of Ministry of health of Ukraine № 1422 from 29.12.2016 р. «About introduction of changes into The Order of Ministry of Health of Ukraine from 28.09.2012 №751», (further – The Order of MH of Ukraine № 1422), which proposes to use international protocols while giving medical help.

Results. There was established, that introduction of international guidelines while the medical help delivery, as it prescribed in The Order of MH of Ukraine №1422, provoke to discuss some actual issues, taking into account a nowadays economic situation in Ukraineі, which impacts the provisioning of hospitals with necessary іnstrumental–diagnostic measures, and a way to solve the problem is proposed.

Conclusion. Regarding possible loyal consequences of the surgical help delivery for population of Ukraine and juridical exposure of physicians–surgeons, there is evidence, that they would serve in future as a background to discuss the problem and to accept a regulatory–loyal base, in which the actions algorithm for medical personnel while medical help delivery would be established.
Modern views on expanding of tissues, having own blood circulation, in reconstructive surgery of the burns consequences
Authors: Zhernov О. А. , Коzynetz G. P. , Кіtri М.
Published: June 2018

Modern views on expanding of tissues, having own blood circulation, in reconstructive surgery of the burns consequences
Observation of the strangulated internal hernia of Petersen
Authors: Vlasov V. V. , Babii I. V. , Zagoruyko V. V. , Levchuk B. O.
Published: June 2018

Observation of the strangulated internal hernia of Petersen
Efficiency of a good but not linear nominal unification algorithm
Authors: Ma Weixi , Siek Jeremy , Christiansen David , Friedman Daniel
Published: June 2018

We present a nominal unification algorithm that runs in $O(n \times log(n) \times G(n))$ time, where $G$ is the functional inverse of Ackermann's function. Nominal unification generates a set of variable assignments if there exists one, that makes terms involving binding operations $\alpha$-equivalent. We preserve names while using special representations of de Bruijn numbers to enable efficient name management. We use Martelli-Montanari style multi-equation reduction to generate these name management problems from arbitrary unification terms.
Market Basket Analysis Pada Mini Market Ayu Dengan Algoritma Apriori
Authors: Elisa Erlin
Published: June 2018

Data mining merupakan teknik untuk menggali informasi baru dari gudang data, informasi dipandang sangat penting dan berharga karena dengan menguasai informasi maka dengan mudah untuk mencapai sebuah tujuan, hal ini membuat setiap orang berlomba untuk memperoleh informasi, demikian juga pada usaha perdagangan seperti minimarket Ayu di Kota Batam. Minimarket ini berlokasi dekat dengan rumah penduduk, hal ini tentunya mempengaruhi tingkat penjualan, dengan adanya kegiatan penjualan setiap hari, data transaksi penjualan akan terus bertambah, menyebabkan penyimpanan data semakin besar. Data transaksi penjualan hanya dijadikan arsip tanpa dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Pada dasarnya kumpulan data memiliki informasi yang sangat bermanfaat. Analisis keranjang pasar dengan Algoritma Apriori merupakan salah satu metoda data mining yang bertujuan untuk mencari pola assosiasi berdasarkan pola belanja yang dilakukan konsumen, sehingga bisa diketahui item-item barang apa saja yang dibeli secara bersamaan, Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan  Nilai support dan confidence tertinggi adalah Minyak dan Susu dengan nilai support 42,85% dan confidence 85,71%.
Implementasi Pengacakan Bit Nilai Warna Spasi Pada Steganografi Di Dokumen Teks OOXML
Authors: Noveary Tri Yatmo , Ekaputra Kevin , Agung Halim
Published: June 2018

Steganografi ada dikarenakan oleh adanya keperluan untuk menyembunyikan sebuah data di dalam data lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan alternatif lain dalam melakukan steganografi melalui media berkas dokumen teks Office Open XML. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tinjauan pustaka, dan membuat komponen aplikasi. Perancangan dilakukan menggunakan flowchart. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil, dan uji ketahanan melalui perubahan jenis berkas, dan perubahan konten, dan nama berkas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat, steganografi yang dilakukan dengan cara menambah pengacakan posisi bit kode warna spasi tidak memengaruhi dokumen secara signifikan secara visual. Pesan dapat tahan konversi ke jenis berkas DOC, ODT, dan PDF, 93% tahan konversi ke jenis berkas RTF, dan tidak tahan konversi ke jenis berkas TXT, dan dapat tahan perubahan konten, asalkan urutan berkas tetap ada, dan spasi tidak diganggu
Editorial
Authors: Zamora Martínez Marisela C.
Published: June 2018

Después de cuatro años de trabajo el M. C. Carlos Mallén Rivera terminó su periodo (2010-2014) como Editor en Jefe de la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales; de tal manera que con el número 22 se cerró el ciclo iniciado con el número 1 de la nueva época de la Revista. Durante la gestión del maestro Mallén, el proyecto editorial cambió sustancialmente, pues pasó de tener una periodicidad semestral a una bimestral, se modernizó el diseño de la portada y de los interiores, y se transformó en una publicación bilingüe. Todas estas modificaciones se dieron con el propósito de hacerla más atractiva, tanto para los autores potenciales como para los investigadores de los recursos naturales, en general y de los forestales, en particular.
CONTROL DE PLAGAS EN CONOS Y SEMILLAS DE Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco MEDIANTE INSECTICIDAS SISTÉMICOS
Authors: Espinosa Flores Nilo , Arriola Padilla Víctor Javier , Guerra de la Cruz Vidal , Cibrián Llanderal Víctor , Galindo Flores Gema
Published: June 2018

Las especies de Pseudotsuga en México están sujetas a protección especial de acuerdo con la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y al igual que muchas especies forestales sufren problemas de sanidad por el ataque de insectos de conos y semillas, lo que agrava la producción y disponibilidad de germoplasma, que se refleja en una escasa o nula regeneración natural. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en medir la efectividad de tres insecticidas sistémicos para el control de plagas de conos y semillas de Pseudotsuga menziesii mediante la determinación del porcentaje de daños en dichas estructuras. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con ocho tratamientos, cada uno con cinco repeticiones en los que un árbol era la unidad experimental. Los tratamientos se aplicaron con el sistema de microinfusión Arborjet Tree IV TM; fueron acefate (86.5, 173 y 259.5 mL L-1 de agua), monocrotrofós (90, 180 y 270 mL L-1 de agua) y thiametoxam (25 g L-1 de agua), que se utilizó en dos ocasiones; se usaron 5 mL por cada centímetro de DAP del árbol, a 25 cm del nivel del suelo; y un testigo. Acefate y los monocrotofós en sus diferentes concentraciones mostraron una efectividad estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) para el porcentaje de conos dañados: monocrotofós en una concentración de 16.2 % fue el que mejor porcentaje de reducción de daño presentó (96.54 %); thiamethoxam no tuvo respuesta favorable. Estos resultados sugieren que los insectos que se alimentan de conos y semillas de Pseudotusga menziesii pueden ser controlados mediante el uso del sistema de inyección en la dosis y el insecticida adecuado para minimizar el ataque.
Human Capital Development and Exporting Potential of SMES in Nigeria
Authors: OLUBITAN Joseph Oluremi
Published: June 2018

More and more Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria are failing before they enter into their second year of operation and those that continue to operate are not seizing the opportunities of taking their businesses to the global market. Though they have the desires and zeal to be enterprising, lack of adequate human capital development through training and skill acquisition continue to be a high priority bottleneck that delimits the exporting potentials of SMEs in Nigeria. This study looked into the level of education of SMEs operators in Nigeria and their performance at the international market. It investigated the correlation and effect of education on the exporting potential of SMEs in Nigeria. Education was discovered to play a vital part in the exporting potential of SMEs as it had a high significant effect on both export (at P value of 0.001) and export sales of SMEs (at P value of 0.000).
PALYATİF BAKIM ÜNİTELERİ PERFORMANSININ TOPSİS YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜDÜK Özlem , GÜDÜK Özden
Published: June 2018

Amaç:  Yaşlanan nüfus pek çok sağlık sorununu da
beraberinde getirmektedir. Günümüzde daha çok insan kalp hastalıkları, kronik
obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı, diyabet, kanser, bunama gibi kronik hastalıklar
ya da durumlar yaşamakta ve bu nedenle palyatif bakım hizmetine ihtiyaç
duymaktadır.  Dünya nüfusunun giderek
yaşlanması ile birlikte palyatif bakım hizmetine de talep her geçen gün
artmaktadır. Neticede artan talebe cevap verebilmek üzere, palyatif bakım
yataklarının daha etkin ve verimli kullanılması kaçınılmaz bir sonuç olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Yöntem:  Bu çalışmada 2016 yılı verileri kullanılarak
TOPSIS analiz yöntemi ile üç farklı hastanenin palyatif bakım merkezlerinin
performansları kıyaslanmıştır. Merkezlere ait performansın değerlendirilmesinde
kullanılan kriterler; yatak başına düşen personel oranı, yatak doluluk oranı,
ortalama yatış gün süresi, taburcu edilen hasta oranı, sevk edilen hasta oranı
ve ölen hasta oranı verilerinden oluşmaktadır. Ortalama yatış süresi kriterinde
gün sayısı kullanılırken, diğer tüm kriterlerde yüzde (%) ile ifade edilen
değerler kullanılmıştır.Bulgular:  Yatak başına düşen personel oranı en yüksek
olan karar birimi C hastanesi (%1,33) iken, bu kriterdeki en düşük oran A
hastanesine (%0,65) aittir. Hasta ölümleri açısından incelendiğinde ise, %25
ile en yüksek oran C hastanesinde görülmektedir. Palyatif bakım merkezi yatak
doluluk oranları A, B ve C hastanelerinde sırasıyla%89,7, %68,6 ve %70,5’dir.

Sonuç:  Sonuç olarak; en yüksek C*i değeri ile A
hastanesi (0,92)en iyi performans gösteren, en düşük C*i değeri ile C hastanesi
(0,01) ise en düşük performansı gösteren palyatif bakım merkezlerine sahip
oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Perbandingan Pemeriksaan Leukosit Urine Segar Dengan Setelah 2 Jam Di Suhu Kamar
Authors: Purwaningsih Nur Vita
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Urinalysis is a parameter often requested by clinicians. The urinalysis parameters consist of macroscopic, microscopic or sedimental examination and urine chemistry examination. Urine examination is very important, especially in making the diagnosis. Procrastination delay results in errors in diagnosis and administration of drugs that lead to adverse outcomes of patients, analysis should be performed no later than 4 hours after sampling. Urine has a stability at room temperature ie for 1 hour, if urine is silenced long then the bacteria will multiply, so it can decompose NH3 (ammonia) which is alkaline. Under alkaline conditions, the pH in the urine will increase. This may affect the sediment component in the urine to rapid lysis so that the amount will be reduced General purpose of this study to determine the difference results of examination of fresh urine leukocytes compared after 2 hours at room temperature. Method: descriptive observasional with number of sample counted 20 sample. Result: Based on the test result, the positive percentage value in fresh urine is 100% and the positive percentage value in urine after 2 hours is 70%. In the Wilcoxon statistical test obtained p-value <0.001 (> 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done then it can be concluded that there are differences in the results of fresh urine leukosit better than urine after 2 hours at room temperature.Keywords: Leukocyte urine, Fresh urine, delay.
Perbedaan Zona Hambat Terhadap Jamur Malassezia Furfur Antara Pemberian Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn) Dengan Ekstrak Kulit Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn)
Authors: Ariana Diah
Published: June 2018

Tinea versicolor or pitiriasis versicolor is a skin disorder caused by Malassezia furfur infection which is a fungal infection on the skin of the chronic surface. Clinical features is in the form of fine spots that colored white to brown black, this infection is also called a skin fungus with blotches. Treatment of Tinea versicolor can use chemical or traditional medicine. Chemical treatments such as creams or ointments cause sticky taste, while one of the traditional medicine is the bulb and skin of the garlic bulb (Allium sativum Linn) containing allicin substances that are efficacious as an anti-fungal.               This research is an experimental research with the aim to know the difference of inhibition zone to Malessezia furfur fungus. There are 3 treatments with 9 repetitions. The extraction method used is the soxhlet method. Anti-fungal activity test was done by using rating method, Saboroud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media which has been inoculated with suspension of Malassezia furfur with concentration 1.5x108 CFU/ml (Mc Farland standard).               Result of data analysis obtained by ANOVA p = 0,000 < α = 0,05, that there is difference of inhibition zone from treatment of garlic bulb extract and skin of garlic bulb (Allium sativum Linn). It is indicated that there is effect of giving garlic bulb extract (Allium sativum Linn) and garlic bulb skin (Allium sativum Linn) to Malassezia furfur fungus. Further tests were performed to compare mean treatment i.e. HSD test. It was obtained sig (p) 0,016 > α 0,05 which means bulb extract and garlic bulb skin (Allium sativum Linn) have different effect. Keywords: Tinea versicolor, Malassezia furfur, garlic bulb.
Land use/land cover change detection analysis using remote sensing and GIS of Dhanbad distritct, India
Authors: SİNGH Ranjeet Kumar , SİNGHA Manmohan , SİNGH Shailendra K. , PAL Debjeet , TRİPATHİ Nimisha , SİNGH Raj Shekar
Published: June 2018

Mining and human activities
impacted the natural ecosystem leading to land use/land cover (LU/LC) change is
of great concern by environmentalist and the society. The present study
evaluated the LU/LC changes due to exploitation of coal in Dhanbad district of
India during the period of 1987 to 2017. Remote sensing (RS) data indicated that
out of 2043.32 ha LU/LC comprised of dense forest, low dense forest, open
scrub, agriculture land, agriculture fallow, barren land, sand, river, water
body, built-up and mining, constituted percent values of 8.17, 3.11, 39.51,
18.88, 12.69, 1.25, 0.76, 3.12, 2.88, 4.40 and 5.22 in 1987 and 4.69, 6.01,
15.78, 41.36, 9.97, 3.90, 2.55, 2.22, 1.43, 7.91, 4.18 in 2017 respectively.
The LU/LC during 30 years indicated the percent share of dense forest, open
scrub, agricultural fallow, river, water body and mining decreased by 42.63,
60.45, 21.47, 28.80, 50.37 and 19.85 % respectively.

Land use changes were due to harvesting of forest for fuel, shelter and
agriculture, construction of residential houses in fallow land, urbanization
and sand removal for construction material. The increase in low dense forest,
agricultural land, barren land, sand and built-up area by 93.38, 119.06,
211.63, 234.96 and 79.85 percent respectively were due to shift of land use
from forest to open scrub, agricultural fields and barren lands, new settlement
by utilizing sands from river banks making the river stretch wider, open mine
pits converted into water bodies in the district. These resulted in a
considerable change in land use pattern in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India.
Minimally Invasive-Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning for Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children
Authors: Pradhan Nabees Man Singh , Tamrakar Rojan , Gyawali Bidur , Bhatta Toya Raj , Acharya Balakrishnan M. , Shrestha Suman , Shrestha Saroj Krishna , Rajbhandari Achyut , Shrestha Utsab
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Although Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning is the gold standard of treatment for Supracondylar fractures (SC) in children, reduction is not always easy. Minimally Invasive, Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (MI-CRPP) reduces the soft tissue trauma and provides easy reduction. We have reviewed the success rate of minimally invasive reduction technique and its outcome.Methods: We reviewed the charts of 155 children (97 male, 58 female) age ranging from 2 to 14 years with SC fractures of the humerus who were operated with minimally invasive closed reduction and precutaneous pinning from November 2008 to June 2014 at Patan Hospital and Om Hospital. They were followed up for a mean of eight (4 to 24) weeks. The K-wires were removed at 4 to 6 (average 4.28) weeks.Results: Male children were affected more than female with the ratio being 97 to 58. Right side was affected more than left (ratio 89 to 66). Post-operatively, there were six (3.87%) ulnar nerve injury and eight (5.16%) patients came with superficial pin tract infection. One hundred and thirteen (72.9%) had excellent, 35 (22.58%) good, five (3.23%) fair and two (1.3%) poor results at the eight week follow-up which was improved to 144 (92.9%) excellent, seven (4.5%) good, three (1.9%) fair and one (0.65%) poor results at the 14 week follow-up.Conclusions: Closed reduction of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children with minimally invasive technique prior to K-wire fixation is a relatively simple, safe and effective method of achieving satisfactory reduction and good functional outcome.
Influenza B virus: need for heightened surveillance and epidemiologic case studies
Authors: Rayamajhi Nabin , Joshi Arabind , Pangeni Raju Prasad , Upadhyaya Bishnu , Shakya Geeta , Shah Jay N , Karki Arjun , Baral Kedar P
Published: June 2018

Recent report of increased influenza B virus infection, particularly the clinical profiles and treatment challenges imposed like that of influenza A, underscores the importance of continuing influenza B virus surveillance. This is, especially in resource limited country, early detection of influenza virus, its clinical presentation and complications would be vital in minimizing the public heath burden imposed by this virus.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):52-54
Disease pattern in patients presenting to a primary health center near Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Ansari Shaheen
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Audits from bigger hospitals are common place, but reports from smaller institutions like PHC’s are rarely published. This study was done to find the demographic attributes of patients presenting to Khopasi primary health center and to analyze the disease pattern of patients.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Khopasi PHC over six months between October 2012 to March 2013. The data was collected from the register kept in the OPD. Those with incomplete entries were excluded. Simple statistical methods like means and percentages were used to analyze the data.Results: Total number of patients presenting to the out-patient department in the study period was 3,108 of which 1,196 (62%) were females. Most patients 567 (18%) were from 5-14 years age group. Respiratory Tract Infection was the most common cause 489 (16%) for these consultations. It was closely followed by Ear Nose Throat infections 415 (13%) and Acid Peptic Disease 367 (11%). Among children of <5 years, 270 (62%) were found to have acute respiratory infections.Conclusions: Most patients were young female. Infectious diseases of respiratory tract and Ear Nose Throat were more than one-third of the consultations.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):64-66
Effect of Adhesion Booster on Fluoride-releasing Composite: An in vitro Study
Authors: Chaudhary Varunjeet , Solanki Sanad Singh , Yadav Varsha , Lahoti Seema
Published: June 2018

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded with fluoride-releasing composite resins, comparing effect of adhesion booster and conventional primer.Materials & Method: Sixty extracted premolars were subjected to bracket bonding with fluoride-releasing composite resin; which were bonded by randomly divided into two groups of bonding agents: Group 1- conventional primer as control group, Group 2- adhesion booster. After bonding, the samples were thermocycled (500 cycles) at 5ºC and 55ºC temperatures. After 48 hours they were subjected to shear bond strength testing in occluso-gingival direction, using an MTS 810 Universal Testing Machine with load speed of 0.5 mm/min.Result: Mean shear bond strength was significantly more in samples bonded with adhesion booster (14.792±3.805 Mpa) as compared to conventional primers (11.327±4.047 Mpa). There was statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: The use of the adhesion booster significantly increased the bond strength of bracket bonded with fluoride-releasing composite.
Simplified Method for Stablization of Bonded Lingual Retainer
Authors: Shrestha Raju , Halwai Hemant Kumar , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Dutta Kishor
Published: June 2018

After completion of orthodontic treatment, retention is the most important step for prevention of relapse. Many direct and indirect techniques for placing a bonded lingual retainer have been practiced over the years. Present clinical practice demands a convenient technique for bonding a lingual retainer. This article describes a simplified technique of bonding a lingual retainer.
Factors That Influence Adoption of Cloud Computing: An Empirical Study of Australian SMEs
Authors: Senarathna Ishan , Wilkin Carla , Warren Matthew , Yeoh William , Salzman Scott
Published: June 2018

Cloud computing is a recent computing paradigm enabling organizations to have access to sophisticated computing services via the Internet on a fee-for-service basis. It provides Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) with opportunities to become as technologically advanced as their larger counterparts, without significant financial outlays. This paper examined the important factors that influence SMEs’ adoption of cloud computing technology. Drawing upon aspects of the Technology, Organization and Environment framework and Diffusion of Innovation Theory, we developed a research model of SMEs’ adoption of cloud computing and tested it through an online survey of 149 Australian SMEs. Data was analyzed using multiple regression methods, with results showing that SMEs were influenced by factors related to advantaging their organizational capability (i.e., relative advantage, quality of service and awareness) rather than risk-related factors (i.e., security, privacy and flexibility). The findings offer insights to SMEs owners, Cloud service providers and government in establishing Cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs.
Aplikasi Pembayaran dan Perizinan Santri Ponpes Assalafi Al Fithrah Surabaya Berbasis Web
Authors: Arief Rachman
Published: June 2018

Pondok Pesantren Assalafi Al Fithrah yang berlokasi di Kota Surabaya semakin dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Namun, di pondok pesantren ini masih menggunakan sistem pengelolaan data pembayaran syahriyah atau biaya pendidikan bulanan dan perizinan siswa yang ada sekarang ini masih dilakukan secara manual. Pada umumnya, sistem informasi secara manual memiliki kelemahan. Oleh karna itu, dibutuhkan aplikasi pembayaran syahriyah atau biaya pendidikan berbasis web di Pondok Pesantren Assalafi Al Fithrah ini yang dibuat untuk membantu pekerjaan karyawan atau staf yang bersangkutan dalam pengelolahan data pembayaran dan perizinan. Selain itu, untuk memberikan informasi kepada orang tua/wali siswa, laporan dan bukti kuitansi pembayaran sekolah setiap bulannya diberikan. Antarmuka aplikasi ini dibuat menggunakan pemrograman PHP dan untuk penyimpanan datanya adalah MySQL.
Peningkatan Perolehan Minyak Dengan CO2 Flooding pada Lapangan “X” Lapisan “Y”
Authors: Kaesti Edgie Yuda , Bintarto Bambang
Published: June 2018

Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) adalah salah satu teknik dalam meningkatkan jumlah minyak yang dapat di produksikan. Proses CO2-EOR adalah dengan menginjeksi CO2 pada lapisan produktif dengan tekanan dibawah tekanan rekah formasi. Pada EOR ini menggunakan CO2 karena CO2 mudah larut dalam minyak bumi namun sulit larut pada air dan ketersediaan CO2 pada lapangan migas sangat berlimpah.Pemilihan metode peningkatan perolehan dengan CO2 Flooding pada Lapangan X menggunakan gas CO2 dikarenakan: gas CO2 tidak bereaksi dengan air atau minyak dan ketersediaan gas CO2 yang cukup besar di Lapangan X. Peningkatan perolehan minyak pada lapisan “Y” dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, antara lain dengan Water Flooding (Injeksi Air) dan CO2 Flooding (Injeksi CO2). Pada Lapangan X lapisan Y ini peningkatan perolehan minyak dilakukan dengan metode CO2 Flooding.Sumur-sumur yang digunakan sebagai sumur injeksi pada proses injeksi gas CO2 adalah sumur water flooding dan sumur suspended pada lapisan yang sama. Recovery factor menggunakan skenario pengembangan menggunakan injeksi gas CO2 akan bertambah sebesar 47,05% dari recovery factor pada base case sebesar 58,79% menjadi 86,84% (sama dengan 350 MSTBO).
Variability of Isoflavone Content in Soy Milk Products Commercially Available in Thailand
Authors: Hirattanapun Ekkapon , Koonrungsesomboon Nut , Teekachunhatean Supanimit
Published: June 2018

Objective: To determine the isoflavone content in soy milk products commercially available in Thailand.Material and Methods: Two flavors of each of 4 brands of soy milk were obtained from retail outlets in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The isoflavone content in soy milk was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: Genistin and daidzin, both β-glycoside conjugates, were found to be the main isoflavone components in soy milk. The total amount of isoflavones varied considerably among different products, ranging from 25.5 to 63.5 mg per serving (250 mL) of soy milk. Marked variation in total isoflavones was also found even among different lots of the same product.Conclusion: The isoflavone content in soy milk products available in Thailand varies substantially among different products as well as among different lots of the same product. This suggests that standardizing or, at least, declaring the isoflavone content in soy milk products is needed to facilitate the optimal consumption of soy milk for health benefits.
Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin Susceptibility Among Outpatient Uropathogens in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern Thailand
Authors: Sangsuwan Tharntip , Jamulitrat Silom , Phengmak Manthana
Published: June 2018

Objective: To document susceptibility to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin among uropathogens isolated from the Out Patient Department and Emergency Room of Songklanagarind Hospital.Material and Methods: From October 2011 to May 2012, bacteria isolated from urine specimens of outpatients with pyuria were evaluated for susceptibility to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. The medical records of the patients were reviewed for uropathogens and other antimicrobial susceptibilities. The urinary tract infections (UTIs) were classified into complicated and uncomplicated. Factors associated with fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin susceptibilities were also studied.Results: The study included 324 patients with positive urine cultures. Complicated UTIs and uncomplicated UTIs were found in 72.8% and 27.2%, respectively. The most common causative uropathogen was Escherichia coli (E. coli) (71.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%). The susceptibility of E. coli to fosfomycin was 98.7%, and the susceptibilities of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and overall pathogens to nitrofurantoin were 91.0%, 24.1% and 74.1% respectively. Conclusion: The uropathogens in Songklanagarind Hospital have higher susceptibilities to fosfomycin than to nitrofurantoin.
Penerapan Sistem Penjualan Online pada Usaha Dagang Kusuma Bandung
Authors: Firmansyah Ricky , Mauliana Phitsa , Hunaifi Nanang , Wiguna Wildan , Sulastriningsih R. Dewi , Komalasari Yunika
Published: June 2018

Usaha Dagang Kusuma merupakan UMKM pemasok produk olahan hasil pertanian berupa minuman buah carica, jus terong belanda, kentang goreng dan fresh potatoes. Proses penjualan dan promosi UD. Kusuma selama ini masih dilakukan secara konvensional, yaitu dengan menunggu pelanggan datang ke lokasi. Hasil pertanian yang tidak tahan lama dan mudah rusak membutuhkan cara pemasaran tersendiri, untuk dapat sampai ke tangan konsumen.  Bisnis online store dapat memberikan banyak peluang dalam menumbuhkan setiap usaha perusahaan, tidak terkecuali untuk bisnis UMKM yang menawarkan produk olahan hasil pertanian seperti UD. Kusuma. Penelitian ini fokus kepada penerapan sistem penjualan online pada UD. Kusuma menggunakan website penjualan online yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Plugin WooCommerce pada Wordpress Content Management System  dan MySQL sebagai Database Manangement System. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dengan adanya website ini, UD. Kusuma dapat memperluas pemasaran dan dapat menjual produk kepada pelanggan tanpa harus saling bertemu.
Perbandingan Tahapan Algoritma Apriori Klasik dengan Apriori Termodifikasi
Authors: Putra Tri Dharma
Published: June 2018

Penambangan Aturan Asosiasi adalah area data mining yang fokus untuk memangkas kunci kandidat, untuk menemukan set item frekuensi. Algoritma apriori klasik bagaimana pun memiliki batasan dan karena itu, memberikan peluang untuk memodifikasi algoritma ini. Algoritma baru yang termodifikasi dengan ukuran set dan frekuensi ukuran set memperkenalkan cara yang lebih efisien dan efektif untuk meminimalkan kunci kandidat. Tulisan ini menjelaskan perbandingan tahapan antara algoritma apriori klasik dan algoritma apriori termodifikasi.
Penentuan Produktivitas Zona Minyak Dengan Menggunakan Modular Formation Dynamic Technology
Authors: Rasyid Aly , Lestari Tyastuti Sri
Published: June 2018

Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) adalah salah satu alat Wireline Formation Tester (WFT) yang memberikan pengukuran tekanan, permeabilitas dan permeabilitas anisotropi yang akurat dan cepat, analisis sampling fluida dan analisis fluida lubang bawah, dan fracture mikro hidrolik.  Dengan menggunakan teknologi pengujian pembentukan yang sangat maju dan mapan, alat ini dapat memberikan informasi karakterisasi reservoir dan mengukur tekanan statis. Dalam satu kali pengambilan sampel dari lubang sumur, alat MDT dapat mengumpulkan sejumlah besar sampel cairan formasi representatif untuk informasi secara akurat dan tepat waktu. Ditambah dengan data-data lubang sumur yang lain, semuanya digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi interval zona hidrokarbon secara meyakinkan. Dengan menggunakan contoh dari lapangan, makalah ini membahas bagaimana analisis tekanan pasca-MDT dapat digunakan untuk menentukan produktivitas zonal. Produktivitas zonal dari MDT ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan produktivitas uji coba konvensional. Perangkat lunak Pansys dari Edinburgh Petroleum Services (EPS) Ltd telah digunakan untuk menganalisis contoh data data MDT dan juga data pengujian sumur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi yang erat antara perkiraan indeks produktivitas MDT dan uji coba sumur konvensional. Oleh karena itu, metode ini dapat menghilangkan kebutuhan akan zona yang diuji secara konvensional untuk menentukan produktivitas zona hidrokarbon.
Pengaruh Perputaran Kas dan Perputaran Persediaan Terhadap Likuiditas pada PT Ultra Jaya, Tbk
Authors: Mulyanti Dwinta , Supriyani Rani Laras
Published: June 2018

Likuiditas merupakan faktor penting bagi perusahaan terutama dalam kelangsungan usahanya dalam jangka panjang. Perputaran kas dan perputaran persediaan yang sehat dan ideal diharapkan mampu membantu perusahaan untuk mencapai tingkat likuiditas yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh perputaran kas dan perputaran persediaan terhadap likuiditas. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah PT. Ultra Jaya, Tbk. Untuk mengkaji hal tersebut digunakan Laporan Keuangan periode 2010-2014. Dimana tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah tipe deskriptif verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara perputaran kas dan perputaran persediaan terhadap likuiditas baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Penelitian ini menyempurnakan penelitian sebelumnya, dimana penelitian sebelumnya hanya menggunakan satu indikator likuiditas saja yaitu rasio lancar, sedangkan dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua indikator likuiditas yaitu rasio lancar dan rasio cepat sehingga memperkaya hasil penelitian terkait dengan tingkat likuiditas perusahaan.
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Relawan Demokrasi Pada Pemilu 2014 Di KPU Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Febriantanto Pangky
Published: June 2018

Secara kuantitatif, jumlah pemilih pada pemilihan umum (Pemilu) pasca reformasi cenderung menurun. Realita tersebut membuat Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) mengambil kebijakan Relawan Demokrasi (Relasi) yang pengelolanya berada di KPU di level kota atau kabupaten. Tujuan utama dari kebijakan Relawan Demokrasi adalah meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih. Di Kota Yogyakarta, Kebijakan Program tersebut dinilai berhasil. Ini dilihat dari partisipasi pemilih pada pemilu legislatif 2009 yang menurun dari pemilu legislatif 2004 dan kemudian pada pemilu legislatif 2014 di mana terdapat kebijakan Relawan Demokrasi tingkat partisipasi kembali naik yang menjadi angka partisipasi tertinggi sepanjang pemilu legislatif di Kota Yogyakarta. Hal tersebut dapat secara ilmiah diteliti tentang bagaimana implementasi program relawan demokrasi KPU Kota Yogyakarta jika dilihat dari faktor-faktor keberhasilannya. Metode penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kulitatif. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa implementasi kebijakan program relawan demokrasi di KPU Kota Yogyakarta terdapat faktor keberhasilan seperti komunikasi yang diterapkan cukup jelas, kepemilikan sumber daya dinilai cukup memadai, disposisi yang sudah optimal, dan struktur birokrasi sudah mencerminkan efisiensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah sebagai salah satu evaluasi dalam kebijakan yang diambil KPU dalam meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih dalam pemilu