bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with viral suppression and rebound in children and adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment at the Bangui pediatric complex, Central African Republic
Authors: Henri Diemer Saint Calvaire , Dieu Longo Jean de , Sylvain Woromogo Honoré , Simplice Kango , Grésenguet Gérard
Published: December 2023

Background: Suppression of viral load and its maintenance is the necessary condition for reducing mortality linked to HIV infection in children. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with viral load rebound in children receiving antiretroviral treatment.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with analytical purposes, running from August 1 to 31, 2023. Were inclusive, all children living with HIV under 15 years of age, with at least two viral load results and whose parents have agreed to participate in the study.
Results: A total of 286 children were included in the study. The mean age was 11.5 years (±2.8). More than half (55.2%) of the children were not informed of their HIV status and for the majority (50.3%). Among the 198 children with a suppressed viral load at the first test, 46 (23.2%) experienced a rebound in viral load at the last test. The factors significantly associated with rebound were the low level of education of the parents (p=0.012), the administration of medicines to the children by the parents (p=0.000), the long duration of taking the medicines (p=0.021) and poor compliance with treatment (0.000).
Conclusions: The rebound in viral load after suppression is a disastrous reality for children. Efforts must be made to strengthen early therapeutic education for children, training of health workers on the process of announcing results and ongoing dialogue with children and adolescents on compliance are ways to improve the maintenance of viral suppression.
Understanding among dialysis therapist and technologist about prevention protocols of COVID-19 in north-west zone of India: a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Singh Gajram , Kumar Dheeraj , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2023

Background: All over the world human community fighting with COVID-19. It affected a large number of population. Our immune system helps fighting with COVID-19, CKD patients which are on MHD are more prone to COVID-19 infection. MHD patient required twice or thrice a week dialysis. During dialysis, a therapist plays a major role in COVID-19 HD procedure of CKD patients. Dialysis therapist works like a frontline warrior. Aim was to observe the understanding of dialysis therapist/technologist about COVID-19 protocols for prevention of COVID-19 infection.
Methods: A total 122 responder from northwest zone of India attended question-based survey form on the understanding of the infection prevention procedure of COVID-19 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Question set was based on union health ministry of Indian government guideline for dialysis unit set up for COVID-19 patients, Dialysis therapist and patents care taker. Data collection was done by online sampling method.
Results: Study observed dialysis therapist of northwest India about understanding of COVID-19 prevention protocols. Approximate- 122 participants include in this study. But major case of COVID-19 treating in government sector hospitals. This study observed that mostly participants have good understanding about COVID-19 infection prevention protocols.
Conclusions: Required a regular education training program for all government and private sector health workers for infection control practices of COVID-19. Dialysis therapist and other health workers are doing work like a frontline warrior, their safety is a major concern so we can avoid the risk of transmission of disease to dialysis therapist.
Post COVID shift in BMI with special reference to dietary and behavioural pattern among adolescents: a school based study
Authors: M.C. Dipika , K. Masaraddi Sanjay , K. E. Elizabeth , P. Verghese Relve , B. Vijayakumar
Published: December 2023

Background: Covid-19 was a life altering pandemic leading to children getting restricted indoors with online education. This led to a change in dietary and socio-behavioral pattern. Aim were to assess change in post-Covid BMI in comparison to pre-Covid BMI among adolescents and to determine post-Covid dietary and sleeping habits, screen time, physical activity, psycho-behavioral pattern using a structured questionnaire.
Methods: This study was conducted among 108 adolescent and mother dyads studying in a higher secondary school, during November 2022 to March 2023 using a pre-structured questionnaire. Anthropometry measurements were taken and compared with pre-Covid data available in the medical records. Using SPSS 21, analysis was done and association determined using Chi square test (p<0.05 significant).
Results: M:F ratio was 1:0.9. Among dietary pattern compared to pre-Covid 54.6% had increase quantity of food intake, of which 83.05% had increase consumption of JUNCS. 68.5% reported disturbances in sleep pattern. Increase in screen time for non-academic is 74% and 51.9% for academic purposes. 49% preferred leisure activity, 25% preferred moderate and 25.9% preferred vigorous physical activity. 60.1% experienced signs of anxiety. On comparison of pre and post-Covid BMI showed that there was an increase in overweight from 22.2% to 37.9% and obesity from 2.8% to 6.5% and was statistically significant.
Conclusions: There were significant changes in the lifestyle pattern with a double fold increase in overweight and obesity in the post-Covid assessment. This is an eyeopener regarding future burden of non-communicable disease and a warning to impart healthy lifestyle.
Eastern India's response to the pandemic: a comparative assessment of West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha
Authors: Shith Arijit , Padhan Srikanta , Mohapatra Avilash , Agrawal Sanjana
Published: December 2023

Background: The three eastern states of India (Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal) share common borders with similar cultural and socio-demographic characteristics due to historical ties. In the recent past, these states witnessed large-scale return migration of workers, leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases. Despite the increasing number of cases, the testing capacity in Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal is significantly lower compared to the testing capacities in the western, southern, and northern regions.
Methods: This study utilized a nine-month retrospective longitudinal design, focusing on the COVID-19 situation and healthcare facilities in Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar from May 2020 to January 2021. Data were extracted from various Government and research institution websites, and descriptive analyses employed bar and line diagrams.
Results: Odisha and Bihar show declining COVID-19 cases, deaths, and test positivity rates, while West Bengal is on the rise. Testing rates are consistently increasing in all three states. West Bengal has the highest doctors per million, Odisha has the most nurses per million, and more pharmacists are registered in West Bengal. In health infrastructure, Odisha has COVID-19 special hospital testing centers, while West Bengal leads in hospital beds and ICU beds.
Conclusions: The burden of COVID-19 infection in India was heterogeneous, with evidence of high transmission in the eastern, northeast, western, and southern regions. The study findings will be helpful in making informed decisions about the current state-wise health status in eastern India.
Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in young and middle aged Indian males: a case control study
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Kaur Kanwaljit , Gangwar Surjit Singh , Katoch Shilpa , Patel Barun Bhai , Nayak Rahul
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in India, yet there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the specific risk factors for the Indian population. Our research aimed to identify CVD risk factors in individuals under 50 and compare them with healthy controls, offering insights into preventing CVDs in this younger demographic.
Methods: This study focused on newly diagnosed cases of CVDs in males under 50 and matched controls with same demographic parameters. Data on personal, medical, lifestyle and biochemical parameters was compared to identify and understand the key risk factors associated with CVDs in this specific population group.
Results: Elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were linked to CVD, with BMI showing a significant association. High triglyceride (TGL) levels (>150 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol levels (>130 mg/dl) were significantly associated with CVD. The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio (>4.5) and low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl) were also linked to CVD risk. Diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with CVD (OR-14.04). Stress, as assessed by a stress score >12, was associated with CVD, although the association was not very strong (OR 1.39). Physical exercise was associated with a protective effect against CVD (OR-0.28). These findings emphasize the critical role of lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise and stress management in CVD prevention and highlight the importance of managing conditions like obesity and diabetes.
Conclusions: This study not only deepens our comprehension of CVD prevention but also provides actionable guidance for fostering heart health, both within the studied population and in broader contexts.
Sustainability of exclusive breast feeding among primigravida women: a hospital based study in eastern India
Authors: Choudhuri Moitreyee , Roy Gopa , Kamilya G. S.
Published: December 2023

Background: EBF for 6 months is a challenge for many mothers. The WHO reported the prevalence of EBF lasting at least 6 months as 38% in 2013 and most recently reported as 44% in 2021. As a result, the WHO has set strategic goals for 6-month EBF to achieve 70% prevalence worldwide by 2030.
Methods: Descriptive survey research design was used, with the variables as sustainability of Exclusive Breast Feeding among 100 postnatal primi gravida attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Sampling technique was Systemic random sampling technique. Standardized tool (Feed Cat Tool) was used as a data collection instruments.
Results: 93% mother fed exclusively their infant with breast milk whereas 5% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk and 2% did not fed their infant with breast milk they gave only formula milk to their infant upto 1.6 months of their infant age. At 3 months, 81% fed exclusively their infant with breast milk only whereas 17% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk At 6 months 73% fed exclusively their infant with breast milk whereas 24% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk.
Conclusions: The sustainability of Exclusive Breast Feeding reduces with the increase in infant’s age. The study had limitations like, the data were collected after their discharge form hospital stay during their follow up visits and by interview technique only which may lead to inaccurate evaluation.
Financial incentive for community health workers, a necessity for achieving universal health coverage: integrated literature review
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Oladeji Anjolaoluwa , Halima Abdu , Baitwabusa Angella E.
Published: December 2023

Community health workers (CHWs) are vital to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). They have been identified as effective workforce to improve access to primary health care particularly for underserved and hard to reach populations. Lack of appropriate incentives, with resulting high rates of turnover are common challenges in large-scale CHW program. Debates about paying community health workers typically focus on the trade-offs between reliance on volunteerism underpinned by intrinsic motivation of volunteers and the need to recognise and remunerate work fairly. Financial payment for CHWs will also help in increased employment, and women’s economic empowerment, tackling gender-based inequities, as seventy percent of CHWs globally are women. This study reviewed existing literature- published peer reviewed articles and grey literatures on financial incentives for community health workers and program considerations for effective implementation. Synthesis from the relevant studies revealed four relevant themes: need for financial incentives, categories of financial incentives, funding mechanisms for financial incentives and program considerations for effective implementation of financial incentives. The study provides program considerations for effective implementation of financial incentive for community health workers. There is need for countries to review their community health worker program design and establish enabling policy environment and implementation mechanisms for realistic and appropriate financial incentives for the community health workers based on their workload, responsibilities, and local context. Appropriate tools should be used to model the community health workers working hours which will guide in determining fair and commensurate renumeration and effective monitoring system established.
The pandemic and Africa: a review of the psychological, social, and nutritional impact of COVID-19 in Africa
Authors: Wei Calvin R. , Fan Chenyue , Rizwan Maria , Lang’at Godwin C. , Peter Malachy B.
Published: December 2023

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the lives of populations across the world. Since the first reported case of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China, the world faced a situation of dealing with a novel virus. While the physical health effects of the coronavirus were the center of focus for much of the pandemic, COVID-19 was accompanied with significant social, psychological and nutritional consequences on the world populations. Governments world over moved to contain the virus through nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) by implementing restrictions on social engagement, travel, curfews, and limiting school and workplace attendance. These NPIs significantly affected the vulnerable, low-income populations as they faced high levels of poverty, challenging living conditions, and already-existing inequality owing to disrupted day-to-day activities and social interactions.  In this review, we aim to assess how the coronavirus pandemic has affected the African continent at large, highlighting the socio-psychological and nutritional consequences. The paper notes important social dimensions that faced the greatest disruptions and effects, with education being affected by school closures in Africa as across the world and resulting in learning losses for millions of school-going children. The workplace was also affected as reflected in the unemployment consequence where millions of adults lost their jobs due to suspended economic activity. Family and gender-based violence cases further emphasized the social consequences of the pandemic since lockdowns confined women and children to vulnerable environments and denied them access to protective services. The negative economic effects of the pandemic further worsened poverty and inequality for a population that was already in abject conditions. Moreover, there were issues related to the overburdening of a fragile healthcare system, psychological consequences associated with stress and depression and grief and loss, stigma and discrimination related to COVID-19 infection, and nutritional impacts covering food insecurity, malnutrition, and the effects on school feeding programs for children.  Accordingly, through citing some examples of a few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the review will detail the experiences of the populations within this region which remain plagued with economic and health vulnerabilities that were further exposed by the pandemic.
Role of homoeopathy of Ayush in dengue fever
Authors: Tripathy Tridibesh , Das Shankar , Singh D. P. , Pandey S. N. , Tripathy Sanskriti , Tripathy Anjali , Dwivedi Rakesh , Gautam Mohini
Published: December 2023

In 21st century, dengue came to the limelight. Earlier, it was taught that this is one of the eruptive fevers in human beings where in dengue, the eruption appears typically on the 6th day of the fever. Knowledge and approaches to dengue took a paradigm shift in 21st century. It came to be clubbed under the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program. A mosquito borne single stranded RNA virus is the leading cause of arthropod borne viral diseases like dengue globally. All the types of dengue virus are capable of inducing severe diseases like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). No one wants to be in DHF or DSS stage as these are mortal stages while other stages are morbid. A vector borne disease (VBD) transmitted by mosquito has no specific cure in modern medicine. To add to that, the issue of platelet transfusion that is made universal because of the inherent panic does more harm than good. It is here that homoeopathy has a role to play therapeutically. The article discusses the disease and the related physiology as well as pathology that goes inside the body during an episode of dengue fever. Along with the diagnosis and management approaches, the article elicits the role of homoeopathy through a suggested treatment protocol. Through the inherent properties of homoeopathy such as cost effectiveness, clinical effectiveness and zero side effects, the article proposes large scale application of homoeopathy at all levels.
Understanding the trends of maternal mental health research in India through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Singh Alok , Verma Diksha
Published: December 2023

Pregnancy-related mental health issues are more common in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Common mental health disorders are more prevalent among women than men. In LMIC countries, the prevalence of mental health disorders is higher, estimated at 15.6% among pregnant women and 19.8% among postpartum women. According to the studies, Antenatal depression prevalence in India ranged from 9.8% to 36.7%, while antenatal anxiety prevalence was 55.7%. This study performed bibliometric profiling to shed light on maternal mental health research conducted in India since 1979 and to present the research output in the field of maternal mental health in India. SCOPUS databases have been chosen for data retrieval due to their extensive coverage, high-impact journal inclusion and ease of access to quality publications. In total, 146 publications were found in the field. Maternal mental health research increased significantly in 2022. The peak number of publications occurred in 2022.There has been a lot of focus on maternal mental health. This is evidenced by the fact that there has been a significant increase in the number of scientific publications in India since 1979. The bibliometric indicators provided important information on the research contributions from different institutes and authors. The results of this study can serve as a reference for researchers and policymakers to plan future research.
An alarming non-communicable diseases burden: time for adolescent health investment
Authors: Darukaradhya Tejaswini B.
Published: December 2023

In the technology era, noncommunicable diseases are increasing rapidly especially in developing countries which is majorly attributed to behavioural or lifestyle risk factors. These factors are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. These factors stem up in adolescent age due to its constant exposure and lack of monitoring by family and government as this group is believed to be healthy. Investing in adolescent health is prime with combined intervention with focus on multiple vistas like program science, behavioural science, implementation science and policy science in order to reduce the behavioural risk factors, which predispose to the noncommunicable diseases in adult life.
The Discussions Regarding the Belonging of the Qur’ānic Words in the Tradition of Tafsir and the Critique of Them
Authors: DEMİR Zakir
Published: December 2023

It’s understood that God aimed to communicate with human beings and send messages to them by creating the first man as the first prophet. To exemplify, God desired to be understood by them while sending the Torah in Hebrew, the Bible in Syriac, and the Qur’ān in Arabic. However, his Hebrew speech has a different nature from his Syriac, and his Arabic word has a different essence from his Hebrew and Syriac. Based on this reality, when viewing the history of Islamic thought, it is seen that scholars have tried to understand the nature of the speech of God and make sense of it. Essentially, understanding and grasping the words of God are an effort to look from the physical realm to the metaphysical one. Despite this fact, the scholars, as the indomitable seekers of truth, are searching for clues to say about it. While some of them consider the “divine speech” as an attribute of God, many others view it as a “divine act”. It is also admitted by all of them that whether being attributive or an act of God, the reflection of the divine speech is the Qurʼān. In this sense, three approaches have been put forward to the question of the belonging of the Qurʼānic words. In compliance with the dominant and preferred point of view among these views, the Qurʼān belongs to God in terms of wording and meaning. Accordingly, the revelation of the Qurʼān, which was revealed to the Prophet Muḥammad, consists of both wording and meaning. Therefore, there is no intervention or contribution of Gabriel or Muḥammad in constituting the Qurʼān. According to the second approach, the meanings of the Qurʼānic text belong to God; however, its words pertain to Muḥammad. This perspective indicates that Gabriel revealed nothing more than the meanings of the Qurʼān. Muḥammad understood the meanings conveyed to him and then uttered them in Arabic expression patterns and phrases. In conformity with the third approach, the meanings of the Qurʼānic text belong to God, however, its words pertain to Gabriel. In other words, only the meanings of the text were given to Gabriel, and its words were formed by him. In the present study, the mentioned approaches, which are asserted by scholars about the belonging of Qurʼānic words, first will be explained in a descriptive style. Subsequently, they will be evaluated in terms of the integrity of the Qurʼān, its natural historical atmosphere, and the transmissions of the Qur’ānic exegesis (riwāyāt) of the classical period from an analytical point of view. To put it briefly, it can be said that there is no disagreement among scholars in the field of the belonging of the meanings of the Qurʼānic text to God. The main disagreement is whether the Qurʼānic words belong to God, Gabriel, or Muḥammad. Considering the integrity of the Qurʼān, its natural historical atmosphere, and tafsir transmissions regarding the circumstances of sending down the Qurʼānic revelation, it has been determined that the prevailing view is more coherent than the other two views.
PCNL Surgery Following Laparoscopic Hellström Pyeloplasty in a Patient with UPJO and Concurrent Renal Stones
Authors: Karami Hormoz , Aminirad Omid
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of renal stones with concomitant UPJO is about 20-30%. Its treatment method is controversial. In this study, a 29-year-old man with UPJO and simultaneous ipsilateral renal stone is presented, who was treated with PCNL following Hellström laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
Rapunzel Syndrome in A 13-Year-Old Girl with Abdominal Pain Presenting to The Pediatric Emergency Department: A Case Report
Authors: Aflatoonian Majid , Edalatkhah Rohoollah , Raji Hojatollah , Shahbaz Amir Pasha Amel
Published: December 2023

Trichobezoar is a rare form of bezoar characterized by the accumulation of swallowed hair in the stomach. An unusual form of bezoar, in which the bezoar spreads from the stomach to the small intestine or beyond, is called Rapunzel syndrome. This syndrome is mainly seen in females and is often associated with psychiatric disorders. Trichobezoar usually presents with abdominal pain, early satiety, and nausea. However, it may also present as an asymptomatic abdominal mass or obstruction and pe rforation of the gastrointestinal tract. This diagnosis should be considered in young women with abdominal pain, an epigastric mass, and malnutrition, especially in patients with a history of trichophagy or psychiatric disorder. The case of a 13-year-old girl with Rapunzel syndrome is described. She presented to the emergency ward with a history of abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting after meal and fluid intake, halitosis, decreased appetite, and weight loss. The patient was treated successfully by laparotomy.
A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Health Profile and Pattern of Disease regarding the Elderly in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chopra Deepak , Jauhari Nidhi , Mishra Sandhya
Published: December 2023

Background: Morbidity pattern shows the burden of the disease and time trends, highlighting demographic differences in disease burden. It also demonstrates the extent and nature of the disease load in the community, and thus, assists in establishment of the priorities for monitoring and evaluating disease control activities, allocating the resources and monitoring the trends for the effect of intervention5.Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of common morbidities in the elderly age group.
Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on the 318 elderly subjects in rural areas. Of 60 or above. Random sampling was done to select the villages. A house to house survey was conducted in every selected village, and eligible subjects were interviewed till the required sample size was reached. The study tools were a pre-tested, pre-validated questionnaire Variables included socio- -demographic factors such as age, sex, religion, marital status, education, occupation, type of family, family income, etc.
Results: Female preponderance was seen in the study subjects. The majorities of the subjects was between 60-70 and were suffering from either one or two morbidities. 70 % had a positive family history. There were behavioral risk factors (addiction/ habit) in 35% of the participants, and the most common problem was smoking. The most common problems were generalized muscular weakness (63%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Around 5% of the study subjects suffered from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Conclusion: Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and morbidities, the present study is comparable to many other studies conducted in India. The burden of different diseases or the morbidity pattern is different in different parts of the country.
Reducing Organizational Cynicism in Health Promoting Girls' Schools: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Karimi Fateme , Talebi Behnam
Published: December 2023

Background: Organizational cynicism is a negative attitude toward the organization. The design of health promoting schools (HPSs), one of the indicators of which is the creation of mental health for school staff, can reduce cynicism.
Methods: The present study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory (GT) method. The statistical population included all managers and assistants of secondary HPSs in Tabriz. The purposive sampling method was used, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview.
Results: This research aimed to identify a model for reducing organizational cynicism in HPSs in Tabriz. According to the inclusion criteria and to reach data saturation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with eight people. Data analysis was performed based on Strauss and Corbin's continuous comparison strategy. The findings identified individuals, groups, and environments as factors affecting organizational cynicism (causative conditions). The basis and background of organizational cynicism is the internal and external environment of HPSs, which are also affected by the implementation barriers of HPS programs. 
Conclusion: The best strategy for solving this problem is to build confidence in the design of the HPSs to attract cooperation in its implementation and create coordination between the activities of different organizations, which can lead to sustainable psychological outcomes and the success of HPSs programs.
A Critical Appraisal of Study of Zabol Iran: Evaluation of Liver Enzymes in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Jankar Jayshri Sadashiv , Vagga Anjali , Mohod Kanchan , Yadav Arvind S.
Published: December 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Value to customer and company goals - Theoretical considerations
Authors: Kozieł Paulina
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study: The main goal of this study is to present selected aspects of customer value, taking into account its importance for the company's operation, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the subject. Methodology: The research method used in the article is the method of literature analysis and criticism. The following research techniques were used in the study: analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the subject, analysis of source documents (existing sources) - desk research, and inference methods (deduction and induction). Main findings: Creating value for the customer is important in achieving market success for the company. By learning about the needs, expectations, and requirements of customers regarding the products and services offered by the company, the offer can be more precisely tailored to them, which will ultimately contribute to a competitive advantage. Creating value and providing it to customers should therefore be one of the key factors that a company should include in its system of goals to achieve satisfactory financial results. Application of the study: This article shows customer values' importance in formulating company goals. The considerations presented in the study do not exhaust all the issues discussed. The considerations presented will be the basis for further theoretical analyzes and empirical research in this area. Originality/Novelty of the study: The issue of customer value as an important factor related to setting company goals is not new in the literature. However, it is so important from the point of view of business practice that it requires permanent in-depth analysis.
Auditoria no sistema único de saúde: Uma análise do estadiamento do componente municipal de auditoria no estado de Pernambuco
Authors: De Souza Clebiana Estela , Dos Santos Erlene Roberta Ribeiro , Leal Eliane Maria Medeiros , Da Silva Renan Carlos Freitas , Botelho Alexandre Bayer
Published: January 2024

No processo de qualificação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foram implementados vários mecanismos visando garantir atenção à saúde de forma integral. O estudo se propõe a apresentar o esboço do funcionamento do componente da Auditoria no SUS presente nos municípios e seus desdobramentos, fomentando a discussão da auditoria como um instrumento de fortalecimento para a gestão do Sistema. Durante o percurso metodológico foram utilizadas técnicas para a abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e transversal, no qual foram observadas as inferências voltadas para as dimensões de estrutura, processo e resultados do objeto em estudo. O Componente Estadual de Auditoria possui uma coordenação técnica no qual cumpre sua competência de verificar as aplicações dos recursos estaduais. O Componente Municipal de Auditoria se apresenta apenas em alguns municípios, representação esta que repercute na gestão do SUS enfraquecendo as ações de controles específicos necessários no processo de governança, favorecendo a ineficiência. Foi possível observar que o mapeamento do Componente de Auditoria dos municípios no estado se encontra fragilizado, estando em processo de modesta implementação, gerando uma alta demanda ao Componente estadual.
A formação do psicólogo no âmbito da residência multiprofissional: o potencial e os desafios nos três níveis de assistência do SUS
Authors: REIS ANA ELIZABETH SOUSA
Published: January 2024

Trata-se de um artigo que visa refletir a atuação do residente psicólogo do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS) do Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas (HUGV) da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Para tal apresenta-se o potencial e os desafios da formação do psicólogo nos três níveis de assistência do SUS. Considera-se que a psicologia se configura como um importante campo profissional, ao oferecer suporte aos pacientes, familiares e equipes de saúde envolvidas no processo do cuidado. Para a elaboração deste artigo, foram utilizados os registros feitos em caderneta de campo durante o período da residência e relatórios apresentados a partir de cada vivência prática, além do levantamento bibliográfico para o aporte teórico, a fim de fundamentar e contribuir com a discussão dos resultados. Esta experiência se deu no período de dois anos, permitindo a vivência em diversos cenários de atuação profissional relacionada à saúde. Foi desenvolvida em momentos distintos, contemplando os cenários de Atenção Básica, Média e Alta Complexidade de ações e serviços voltados à assistência à saúde. Destacam-se nos resultados a diversificação dos settings terapêuticos construídos pelo profissional de psicologia, principalmente na atenção básica, além da importância da inserção do psicólogo em uma equipe multidisciplinar e a instrumentalização do olhar psicológico no modelo biopsicossocial. O trabalho conseguiu ressaltar a importância da formação transversal do profissional psicólogo via residência multiprofissional, o enfoque no modelo biopsicossocial e as habilidades para atuação interdisciplinar.
Distribuição de equipamentos de diagnóstico por imagem no brasil, estados brasileiros e unidade federativa: séries temporais e comparação com renda per capita
Authors: Kock Kelser de Souza , Costa Rodrigo Soares Alves da
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição de equipamentos de diagnóstico por imagem no Brasil, estados brasileiros e unidade federativa por meio de séries temporais e comparação com renda per capita. Métodos: Estudo de caráter ecológico, utilizando a base de dados DATASUS do ano de 2006 a 2017. Foi realizada regressão linear para comparação entre tempo versus equipamentos por região e renda per capita versus equipamentos por estados. Resultados: Observou-se, em geral, um grande incremento na taxa de equipamentos de diagnóstico por imagem, com valores acima do recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Contudo, foi demonstrada que a renda per capita está fortemente correlacionada à quantidade de equipamentos disponíveis. Conclusão: A taxa de equipamentos diagnósticos por imagem é adequada na maior parte dos estados brasileiros, porém há uma distribuição desigual, sofrendo influência da renda per capita, com maior número de equipamentos nos estados de maior renda.
Construção de um fluxo de contrarreferência de pacientes para o Cuidado Farmacêutico na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um estado brasileiro
Authors: Reis Nathasha Stella , Giomo Anna Heliza Silva , Reis Debora Ferreira , Carvalho Glaucia Silveira , Da Silva Juliana Bicalho Machado Assunção , Mendonça-Silva Dayde Lane
Published: January 2024

A atuação clínica do farmacêutico obteve importante reforço na Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES/DF), em 2015, com a institucionalização dos Núcleos de Farmácia Clínica nos hospitais e, em 2017, na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), com a implantação do Cuidado Farmacêutico na estratégia saúde da família. Contudo, havia a necessidade de integrar os serviços prestados nos diferentes níveis de atenção. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo foi relatar o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de contrarreferência de pacientes para o Cuidado Farmacêutico na Atenção Primária à Saúde do DF, com o intuito de garantir a continuidade e integralidade do cuidado em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, que apresenta o processo de revisão de literatura, desenvolvimento das etapas e ferramentas do fluxo, bem como a sua validação. O processo desenvolveu-se de forma participativa, envolvendo profissionais farmacêuticos de diferentes níveis de atenção e da gestão central e resultou no desenvolvimento de um fluxo de encaminhamento de usuários e uma ferramenta informatizada de comunicação interprofissional. O fluxo construído se mostrou de simples operacionalização, passível de ser aplicado a outros profissionais e cenários e com grande potencial de gerar benefícios aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Secondary iatrogenic duedonum perforation: a rare complication
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Alperen , AY Oğuzhan Fatih , YILMAZ İsmayil
Published: December 2023

The incidence of perforations resulting from Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography (ERCP) is observed to be less than 1%. In this case report, we aim to present our unique experience as a mechanism, which is even more uncommon. A 68-year-old male with an ASA score of 2 was prediagnosed with a distal common bile duct tumor. ERCP was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes and a 9F 10 cm plastic stent was placed to relieve obstruction. The patient, who had the sudden onset of abdominal pain within the initial 24-hour period following the procedure, underwent surgical intervention subsequent to a computed tomography assessment. In the third portion of the duodenum, an approximately 4 mm perforation originating from the stent was observed during the examination. It was repaired with a 3.0 prolene suture, followed by omentopexy. He was discharged uneventfully on the eighth day. Although duodenal perforation due to the placement of a plastic biliary stent with ERCP is a very uncommon complication, the patient's clinical and imaging findings are essential for treatment planning.
Teaching for the Future in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Licardo Marta , Mezak Jasminka , Evin Gencel İlke
Published: December 2023

The monograph focuses on the teaching and learning of children in early childhood education. The international monograph includes contributions by authors from three countries, highlighting different perspectives on contemporary teaching and learning specific to ECE. The monograph is based on the collaboration of researchers from different universities in the Erasmus+ Algolittle project, who have explored important contemporary concepts of teaching in ECE, such as how to develop algorithmic thinking in preschool children, how to teach algorithmic thinking to ECE students, and the relevance of such cognitive skills for future knowledge. The monograph goes beyond the scope of the project by incorporating new scientific findings related to the implementation of various concepts in learning and teaching preschool children, such as executive functions, algorithmic thinking, creativity, problem-based thinking, integration of teaching from different domains, distance learning, specific pedagogical practices, thus presenting a wide range of topics relevant for the development of learning and teaching in early childhood education now and in the future.
Agroforestry Practice and its Socioeconomic Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Alem Mezgebo , Alemie Dargo Kebede
Published: January 2024

Background: Agroforestry is a kind of land use system that has been practiced since long in many parts of the world. Even if agroforestry is contributing a lot for the farmers, no study has been conducted which acknowledges the socio-economic importance of agroforestry practices in Harari regional state. Therefore, this may create a problem to expand and adapt the practices to another area for the cope and mitigate climate changes, and achieve food security. Methods: The study used descriptive statistics to analyze the data. It ascertained the role of agroforestry practices in Harari regional state. A sample of 350 farmers was interviewed and selected using two-stage random sampling techniques. Result: The results showed that 100% of the sample respondents practiced agroforestry as a land use for income source, shade, soil improvement, fodder, firewood, construction material, medicinal purposes etc. The components of the agroforestry system adopted by the local community were pulse, root, cereal crops and vegetables. Khat, Eritia, Acacia, Cordial, Zeziphus were the fodder species used. 78.57% of the respondents used a stallfeeding technique to feed their animals. The respondents obtained annual income of 32,199.16 Ethiopian birrs on average. In general, the agroforestry system helps the local communities to diversify their income, fulfill animal feed, and cope with and mitigate climate change. To sustain the local people with the climate change, decision-makers and researchers should give more attention to the preferred agroforestry species. JEL codes: O13, Q01, Q12, Q18, Q23
Hypertension and Emergency Department Visits by Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Reyes Gibby Cielito C
Published: January 2024

Background: The Emergency Department (ED) is the safety net for unanticipated or undertreated health needs. Patients with cancer have been reported to be substantial users of ED resources, to be of higher acuity than others, and to have a longer length of stay. Patients with head and neck cancer live longer than patients with other types of cancer. Therefore, we assessed the extent to which epidemiological, behavioral, and clinical factors collected prior to treatment were associated with eventual ED visits in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: Questionnaires were administered at baseline, prior to cancer treatment. ED data were abstracted for up to 5 years follow up period from initial diagnosis and treatment of patients newly diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Results: Our sample comprised 969 patients. The earliest ED visit occurred within 1 week of diagnosis. As many as 513 patients had ≥1 ED visit and the mean time to first ED visit was 27 weeks (SD=2.3 weeks). The most frequent chief complaints were: pain (n=181; 35.3% [abdominal pain=16.3%, chest pain=7.5%]); fever (n=107; 20.9%); nausea/vomiting (n=64; 12.5%); weakness/fatigue (n=45; 8.8%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hypertension (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.02–2.03; P=0.039), T-stage (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.45–2.92; P<0.0001), and N-stage (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.17–1.86; P<0.001) were significantly associated with ED visits. Conclusion: To our knowledge, our study is the first to find a specific association between hypertension and ED visits in patients with HNSCC. Further research is needed to investigate possible reasons for the association between comorbidities such as hypertension and the need for emergent care, as well as to determine whether aggressive management of comborbid conditions during and after cancer therapy might reduce the likelihood of ED visits.
Peran Kepala Sekolah Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Setyawati Eny , Patimah Siti , Subandi Subandi , Makbulloh Deden
Published: January 2024

Kepala sekolah memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan kurikulum merdeka belajar di sebuah sekolah. Penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif untuk memahami peran kepala sekolah dalam pengembangan kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di SD Al Azhar 1 Bandar Lampung. Melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru, dan staf sekolah sebagai informan, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tema, dan hubungan yang muncul. Hasilnya menunjukkan kepemimpinan yang efektif dalam mengatasi tantangan, implementasi kurikulum yang mengutamakan siswa, dan peran strategis kepala sekolah dalam supervisi akademik. Kesuksesan kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di SD Al Azhar 1 Bandar Lampung bergantung pada kolaborasi, komunikasi terbuka, dan partisipasi aktif seluruh komunitas sekolah dalam menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa di era globalisasi.
Development of School Culture and Climate Based on the Independent Learning Curriculum
Authors: Ningsih Dewi , Patimah Siti , Subandi Subandi , Makbulloh Deden
Published: January 2024

Learning is a profound activity in human life, fostering lifelong knowledge growth. Formal education in schools serves as the primary arena for this learning activity. The curriculum, as a guide for learning, is directed by the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the impact of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum on school culture and climate. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive method, the study analyzes relevant scholarly literature. The findings highlight significant changes in school culture toward a holistic and inclusive approach, accommodating diverse talents and interests of students. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum also influences the school climate by introducing flexibility in subject selection, altering behavioral patterns within it. This research contributes to understanding the impact of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in transforming the dynamics of school culture and climate in Indonesia.
Extracurricular Program Management at State Junior High School 7 in Jambi City
Authors: Munandar Aris , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: January 2024

Education plays a crucial role in shaping character and advancing the nation. This research focuses on the management of extracurricular programs at State Junior High School 7 in Kota Jambi, with an emphasis on planning, implementation, and evaluation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study involves the researcher as the main instrument, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection. The goal is to describe the management and evaluation of extracurricular activities while identifying implementation barriers. Findings indicate that extracurricular planning is based on active participation, teamwork, and a focus on the process. Successful program implementation creates an environment supportive of character development and student achievement. Periodic evaluations, involving photo documentation, enable continuous improvement. Effective communication between the school and extracurricular supervisors is key to overcoming implementation obstacles. This research provides profound insights into effective and sustainable extracurricular management in the context of education at State Junior High School 7 in Kota Jambi.
PENGARUH DPK, PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH, NPF TERHADAP ROA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hodi Hodi , Wardana Guntur Kusuma
Published: January 2024

In Islamic banks, one of the indicators commonly used to assess the bank's health is its own financial report. Information obtained from financial reports can be used to calculate various financial ratios, often serving as the basis for evaluating a bank's health. Several factors affect profitability in Islamic banks, sourced from the different profitability indicators generated by various performance metrics. This is because third-party funds (DPK) and Mudharabah financing, when increasing, contribute to the increase in the Return on Assets (ROA). This is due to the fact that an increase in customer deposits gathered by Islamic banks will enhance the efforts of the Islamic bank in generating profitability. On the other hand, if non-performing financing (NPF) increases, the ROA will decrease. This is because the non-acceptance of disbursed funds contributes to the decline in ROA. The research aims to investigate the partial and simultaneous effects of DPK, Mudharabah financing, and NPF on ROA. The research methodology employed is quantitative with a causal approach. Using purposive sampling technique, five Islamic commercial banks were selected as the research sample for the period 2017 to 2022. The analysis utilized panel data regression analysis through Eviews12. The results indicate that DPK and Mudharabah financing, individually, do not have a significant partial impact on the ROA of Islamic commercial banks. However, NPF has a significant partial effect on the ROA of Islamic commercial banks. Furthermore, when considered collectively, DPK, Mudharabah financing, and NPF have a significant simultaneous impact on the ROA of Islamic commercial banks.