bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Measures of Attention Indicating a Bias Toward Cues in Methamphetamine Users
Authors:   Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mirtorabi Seyed Davood , Saleki Sharif ,   Brain and Behavior Studies Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Rahmanian Mohammad Sadegh ,   Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran., Hadizadeh Hadi ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran., Rostami Reza ,   Department of Psychology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli along with subjective craving after encountering such stimuli in methamphetamine users. Studies of cue reactivity have confirmed a bias in attention and gaze toward drug-related stimuli for most substances; however, methamphetamine drugs are less studied through a direct measure, such as eye tracking. Methods: A total of 30 male subjects in the case group (methamphetamine users) and 36 subjects in the control group (no prior drug use) participated in this study. The participant’s eye movement data were collected while they were viewing pairs of drug-related and non-drug images in a dot-probe paradigm. Craving was assessed via a self-report questionnaire on a scale of 0 to 10 before and after the psychophysical task. Results: The analysis of eye-movement data showed a meaningful gaze bias toward cue images (drug-related) in the case group. Additionally, the gaze duration on cue images was significantly higher in the case group, in contrast to the control group. The same effect was observed in analyzing the dot-probe task; that is, the mean reaction time to a probe that replaced a cue image was significantly lower. The mean of the first-fixation measure in the control group was not significantly higher than chance; however, the percentage of the first-fixation on cue images in the drug users was meaningfully biased. Reported craving was significantly greater after performing the task compared to before. Conclusion: Our results indicated an attentional bias toward drug-related cues in methamphetamine users as well as subjective craving after encountering such cues.
The Role of Thyroid Function Tests in Diagnosing Allan-herndon-dudley Syndrome Revisited: A Novel Iran-based Mutation
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bahonar Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Noorian Shahab , Hamzehlou Sepideh ,   Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rabbani Ali ,   Growth and Development Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sotoudeh Arya ,   Growth and Development Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pour Rostami Kioumars ,   Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bahonar Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Savad Shahram ,   Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked recessive intellectual disability condition with neuromuscular involvements. Altered thyroid function tests are major milestones in AHDS diagnosis. However, due to phenotypic variations in the levels of thyroid hormones in AHDS patients, we believe that the disorder is often underdiagnosed. Here, we reported a 3.5-year-old boy with an AHDS diagnosis and healthy thyroid hormones. Methods: Whole-Exome sequencing followed by data analysis was performed on the patient’s sample. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the patient and his mother. Results: We reported a 3.5-year-old boy with AHDS diagnosis and a novel synonymous missense mutation (c. 1026G>A) in the SLC16A2 gene manifesting normal levels of T3, T4, and TSH. The mutation causes no change in amino acid sequence; however, it affects splicing through alteration of an exonic splicing enhancer. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 3 similar reports in the literature reporting AHDS diagnosis and normal levels of thyroid hormones. Conclusion: The altered levels of thyroid hormones are notable but not necessary markers for diagnosing AHDS. The candidate diagnosis of AHDS should be considered in patients with X-linked recessive intellectual disability syndrome with neuromuscular involvements irrespective of levels of thyroid hormones; otherwise, it could lead to the under-diagnosis of the disorder.
The Association Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Vitamin D Level With the Evolution and Severity of Stroke
Authors:   Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Safari Anahid , Fadakar Nima ,   Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Borhani-Haghighi Afshin ,   Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the evolution of ischemic stroke, but the data regarding the association between stroke severity and vitamin D level is scarce. Methods: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory, within seven days after the stroke, were recruited. The control group included age- and gender-matched individuals. We compared 25-OH vitamin D (vitamin D), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and osteopontin levels between stroke patients and the control group. The association between stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) and levels of vitamin D and inflammatory biomarkers were also studied. Results: There was an association between hypertension (P=0.035), diabetes mellitus (P=0.043), smoking (P=0.016), history of ischemic heart disease (P=0.002), higher SAA (P<0.001), higher hsCRP (P<0.001), and lower vitamin D levels (P=0.002) and stroke evolution in a case-control study. Meanwhile, in stroke patients, its severity was associated with higher SAA (P=0.04) and hsCRP (P=0.001), and lower vitamin D levels (P=0.043) according to clinical scale (higher admission NIHSS). According to the ASPECT score, higher SAA (P=0.017) and hsCRP (P=0.007), but not lower vitamin D levels, were associated with more infarct areas (P=0.149). Conclusion: Vitamin D may play a role in both the evolution and severity of stroke.
The Effect of Resistance Training and Berberine Chloride on the Apoptosis- Related UPR Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus of Diazinon- Poisoned Rats
Authors: Esfandiarifar Ali , Azarbayjani Mohammad-Ali , Peeri Maghsood , Jameie Seyed Behnamedin
Published: April 2021

ntroduction: Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides in the world. This toxin enters the body in various ways and induces oxidative stress in various tissues. It has been proved that activation of UPR under oxidative stress is a consistent mechanism for maintaining cell function and survival. Therefore, present study aimed to review the effect of resistance training (RT) and berberine chloride (BC) on the apoptosis- related UPR signaling pathway in the hippocampus of diazinon- poisoned rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 250 ±50 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five rats including 1) diazinon + 2 mg/kg BC + RT, 2) diazinon + 15 mg/kg BC + RT, 3) diazinon, 4) diazinon + RT, 5) diazinon + 2 mg/kg BC, 6) diazinon + 15 mg/ kg BC, 7) healthy control, 8) sham. The groups were treated for 5 weeks. At the end of the fifth week, ATF-4, ATF-6 and CHOP gene expression in hippocampus tissue were measured by Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR. Results: Diazinon significantly increased the expression of ATF-4, ATF-6, and CHOP in the hippocampus tissue of rats. 15 mg/kg BC with RT significantly decreased these gens, which may indicate a decrease in the rate of apoptosis in the hippocampus. Conclusion: This study showed that RT along with BC has a protective effect against diazinon- induced toxicity in the hippocampus.
Autobiographical Brand Images Give a Higher Chance to False Memory as Compared to Neutral Images
Authors:   Laboratory technician of the Research Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Brain, Tehran, Iran., Shabani Mohsen , Salehi Javad ,   Assistant Professor​
Published: April 2021

Consumers’ prior experiences shape an episodic memory which largely influences their decision-making process. This episodic memory is mainly linked to cognitive and emotional perception and we know that a brand image influences our cognitive and emotional perception. Nevertheless, it has not been well described how autobiographical memories of brand images differ from those of other types of images. In this study, we hypothesized that brand pictures have a higher chance to create false memories as compared to neutral ones. We investigated this hypothesis using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm with lists of brand pictures from the local market and associated neutral images from the international affective picture system. Thirty graduate students were exposed to image stimuli followed by a distractor task and a recognition task. After the test of normality, reaction times, and false recognition rates of brands and neutral images were statistically compared using a pairwise t-test. The results showed a significant decrease in reaction times and an increase in false recognition rates of brand pictures as compared to neutral ones. Interestingly, the effect of gender on the creation of false memory by autobiographical brand images was not significant. We hope these findings could pave the way for a better understanding of the false memory mechanism.
An Scale for Activity of Daily Living for Iranian Children (ADLIC): Development and Validation
Authors:   PhD candidate of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Solltaninejad Hossein , Alizadeh zaree Mehdi ,   Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Akbarfahimi Malahat ,   Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Azad Akram ,   Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rabiei Farzad ,   MS candidate of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Background: Activity of daily living as an ultimate goal of rehabilitation relies on cultural and environmental factor. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire based on Occupational therapy practice frame to accurately evaluate the occupational performance of Iranian children. Methods: This scale was developed in two phases of planning and constructing. The planning phase involved a literature review and a collection of the available evaluation tools in the area. The advice of two expert panels was used to develop a preliminary 87-item questionnaire. In the construction phase, 40 parents were surveyed to assess the popularity of the activities in Iran. After a face to content validation, the final version of the questionnaire was prepared with 93 items. Results: The final 93-item questionnaire was used to assess the daily activity of 3-6 year old children. The 93 items, selected according to criteria found in the literature and the panel of experts, were categorized in 6 areas of occupational therapy practice framework (bathing/showering, washing, personal hygiene, toileting, eating/feeding, functional mobility). Conclusion: The activity of daily living for Iranian children is a useful and culturally relevant tool for measuring the occupational performance of Iranian children. It can be utilized in clinical and population-based researches.
Problem of Unity and Differentiation of Internal Labor Regulations
Authors: Podkopai D. S.
Published: April 2021

The author of the article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars and current legislation, considers the problem of unity and differentiation of internal labor regulations. It is established that the unity of internal labor regulations is that the requirements for the organization of the labor process are applied to all employees regardless of (a) form of ownership and management, type of activity and industry affiliation of enterprises, institutions or organizations, (b) type and form of employment contract, (c) circumstances that characterize the identity of the employee and the work performed by him, etc. Differentiation of internal labor regulations is objectively due to the development of social organization of labor, the division of labor in industries, varying degrees of mechanization, the presence of harmful and dangerous working conditions, involving employees who need special protection from harmful factors (women, minors, disabled, etc.). Different categories of employees have different opportunities, work in different conditions, and therefore one of the tasks of labor law in the organization of the labor process is to adapt the general rules to these different categories of employees to ensure the compliance with the principle of equality of rights and responsibilities. Differentiation improves the process of legal regulation, increases its efficiency contributing to the coverage of heterogeneous relations and penetration into their essence.

Just as the unity of internal labor regulations cannot exist without differentiation, so the differentiation of such regulations loses its meaning without its unity. These two categories cannot be opposed, because differentiation promotes unity, and unity creates the conditions for differentiation in the regulation of the labor process. This approach is important for building the system of labor law, the correct application of labor legislation and determining the perspectives for its development. In order to ensure the appropriate level of labor discipline, rational use of working time, improving the quality and productivity of labor by creating the necessary conditions for normal high-performance work, conscious and conscientious performance of their duties, employees must develop and approve sectoral internal regulations; and if for the public sector of the economy they should be given the status of mandatory, then for the non-state sector they should be exemplary.
Specific Features of Counteracting VAT Evasion: Experience of Ukraine and Foreign Countries
Authors: Horobets N. S.
Published: April 2021

The article is focused on determining specific features of counteracting VAT evasion in Ukraine and foreign countries. It has been found out that the presence of VAT in the tax system of any state is a prerequisite for such a state to become a member of the European Union and it is due to its broad tax base and more neutral impact on economic decision-making on investment and consumption issues. It has been noted that the joint search by the states for the ways to combat VAT evasion is due to the need to minimize the damage caused to the financial and economic interests of the state by such actions, to increase the efficiency of value added tax, to increase the competitiveness level of domestic producers, to stimulate priority economic activities in the state. The content of value added tax as an indirect tax in accordance with the provisions of scientific doctrine has been revealed. Specific features of legal and illegal (tax crime) types of VAT evasion have been studied. The list of the methods to evade value added tax in Ukraine and foreign countries has been provided. The specifics of general and special ways to counteract this action have been revealed. The emphasis has been placed on such methods of counteracting VAT evasion as enshrining legal liability for VAT evasion at the legislative level; exercising tax control over the entities that are registered as value added taxpayers; usage of electronic document management and other opportunities of the digital economy, which allows to identify risks in the activities of taxpayers during their initial registration, etc. It has been concluded that there is no unified approach to the implementation of counteraction to value added tax evasion by state-authorized agencies; and the emphasis has been placed on the feasibility of existence of a basic list of the methods to counteract value added tax evasion.
Guarantees for Exercising and Protecting the Property Right of Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Knysh Z. I.
Published: April 2021

The author has researched property relations of internally displaced persons, the peculiarities of which are determined by their legal status and the lack of sufficient legislative regulation to protect their property status. It has been emphasized that the realization of property rights occurs through the will and actions of the owner, which must fully comply with legal requirements, because the right of the owner to actions and the actions themselves – differ from each other. The difference between the content of a subjective right and its realization is, first of all, that the content of a subjective right covers only the possible behavior of an authorized person, and the realization of the right is a real, concrete action that leads to legal consequences. Therefore, the realization of property rights by internally displaced persons is absolute, i.e. absolute civil rights apply to an indefinite number of persons, except for the right of the owner.

The legal categories of “realization”, “protection” and “defense” have been analyzed as integral components of the property right of internally displaced persons. It has been stated that protection is the category of the normal state of existence of the subjective right, and defense is the category of the subjective right in a violated state.

It has been proved that in most cases people who have left their place of residence due to armed conflict or other forms of violence do not have a real opportunity to realize actual and sometimes legal (for example, due to the lack of proper documents on the property) possession. It indicates the need to introduce guarantees that will ensure not only the realization of property rights by internally displaced persons, but also the safety of their property. It has been offered to understand the guarantees of property rights of internally displaced persons as a set of methods, means and procedures aimed at ensuring the realization of their property rights.

The author has formulated own definition and has suggested the classification of guarantees of property rights of internally displaced persons, with their division into general and special, as well as guarantees of the realization of the rights and guarantees of protection.
Peculiarities of Using International Legal Standards in the Field of Ensuring the Rights of Persons Sentenced to Deprivation of Freedom in Ukraine
Authors: Pochanska O. S.
Published: April 2021

It is established that international standards in the field of human rights are developed by international organizations and institutions, specified in the process of law enforcement of international judicial agencies, and subsequently applied in certain national systems, directly influencing the development of legislation and national practice of protecting the convicts. It is noted that international standards for ensuring the rights of persons sentenced to imprisonment define the mandatory or recommended for states normative minimum legal status of a convict, including his legal protection and the relevant legalities and responsibilities of state agencies and officials. The content and characteristic features of international legal standards in the field of human rights are determined. The main forms of using international legal norms, principles, rules and recommendations on the legal status of persons sentenced to imprisonment in the national legislation of Ukraine are highlighted; their content is analyzed. It is emphasized that the practical solution to the problem of application of international standards of convicts’ treatment in the penitentiary system of Ukraine, in particular, provides: prevention of prohibited methods of treatment of convicts that degrade their human dignity; ensuring the legality of the activities of the staff of penitentiary institutions and agencies; bringing the conditions of detention of convicts into compliance, providing proper medical care, general education and vocational training of convicts, etc.; creation of an effective system of resocialization and social adaptation of convicts; expansion of public control over the observance of the rights of convicts while serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment.
Protection of Clients’ Rights in the Microcredit Process
Authors: Sadykov M. A.
Published: April 2021

The author has analyzed the role and significance of overdraft for microcredit of the needs of the poor in the conditions of economic crisis and low wages. The positive and negative aspects of overdraft in the context of integration of the country’s financial system into the world community have been clarified. Inconsistency of normative provisions of legislative acts reduces the efficiency of the banking sector of the economy. Bank managers resort to abuse, do not fully explain the terms of microcredit, and do not create conditions for the management of balances and control over them. Customer complaints are considered formally, without their participation. Using the trust of the client, bank managers offer a variety of services in order to receive commissions. The business reputation of a bank employee depends on the amount and amount of funds attracted by the client, but not on the quality of services. It has been offered to strengthen state control over the activities of the banking sector, as well as to increase the legal awareness of young people in the process of using financial services of foreign and domestic banks and credit institutions.
Normative Provision of Personal Safety of the Employees of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Sklyar Sklyar О. S. , Shevchenko T. V.
Published: April 2021

The level of normative provision of personal safety of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine has been clarified. The normative base of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine in regard to ensuring the personal safety of a police officer has been analyzed. It has been established that the normative level stipulates a norm on ensuring the personal safety of police officers in the performance of their official duties, but the legislator does not provide an explanation of the essence of the concept of personal safety. The lack of the definition of this concept in regulatory acts gives rise to a number of discussions among scholars in various fields of research.

The most successful definitions of the concepts of security and personal safety of law enforcement officers have been consistently studied.

In accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” and in order to ensure the personal safety of police officers and to prevent the death, injury and trauma of them and others during the handling of weapons, the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine approved the Instruction on security measures when handling weapons, which is only a part of the official activities of police agencies (institutions, organizations) and does not reveal the essence of the content of personal safety.

It has been offered to regulate the high level of performance of police duties by police officers, i.e. to supplement the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” or the relevant bylaws with the definition of “personal safety of police officers”, which can help to address theoretical and practical issues on developing concrete measures to increase the personal safety of police officers and to stop discussions on understanding this concept.
Classification of Executive Authorities in the Field of Scientific, Scientific and Technical Activities in Ukraine
Authors: Tarasenko V. S.
Published: April 2021

As a result of the conducted scientific research the range of executive agencies in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activity in Ukraine has been established. The latter are not individually represented in the mechanism of the state apparatus. Nowadays they include: the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine, the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Ministry of Protecting Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and local state administrations.

It has been established that the latter are represented at all levels of executive power: higher, central and local. Some of them are agencies of general competence, while others are sectoral. Most of them are presented in the form of single-governing agencies; some are presented in the form of collegial ones. It has been additionally determined that the executive authorities in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activities in Ukraine are part of the group of governing agencies of social development and culture. The author has offered own classification of executive agencies in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activity in Ukraine depending on whether the function of management of the field of science and technology is basic or optional for them. According to this criterion, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is assigned to the first category, all others – to the second group.
Current State of Normative and Legal Regulation of the Rehabilitation Institution in Criminal Proceedings of Ukraine
Authors: Hlobenko H. I.
Published: April 2021

The authir has carried out theoretical study of the current state of regulation of the rehabilitation institution in criminal proceedings of Ukraine, the immediate task of which is to protect human and civil rights and freedoms within relations between the state and an individual. Numerous appeals to the ECHR by citizens of Ukraine, who have been illegally or unjustifiably prosecuted, as well as the existence of decisions in their favor indicate on the shortcomings of this institution.

The essence of the term of “rehabilitation” and its normative enshrinment in legislative acts at some historical stages of the world community development has been studied. It has been established that it was first used in medieval France to denote the pardon of a convict with the restoration of all his former rights. However, due to the development of social relations and a radical change in society’s attitude to sentencing, the concept of “rehabilitation” has become much broader than the original definition.

Based on the detailed analysis of theoretical developments of leading scholars, international and legal acts, criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, some countries of the European Union and the post-Soviet space, special attention has been focused on significant shortcomings of legal regulation of the specified area of public relations in Ukraine. The author has suggested own vision of the concept of “rehabilitation”. The author has offered to reffer it to the tasks of criminal proceedings stipulated by the provisions of the Art. 2 of the Criminal Procedura; Code of Ukraine. Besides, special attention has been paid to the fact that a rehabilitated person, in addition to compensation for damages and restoration of violated rights, must receive an official apology on behalf of the state for unjustified or illegal prosecution.
Circumstances for Committing Crimes in the Banking Sector: Normative and Legal Aspect
Authors: Korniienko V. V.
Published: April 2021

The historical way of the development of banking business and the state of its legislative provision, which had an impact on criminal behavior in this area, has been studied. It has been noticed that the responsible officials of banking institutions, due to their high level of education, skillfully used gaps or contradictions in the legislation for the useful purposes of illegal enrichment. They quickly adapt to amendments in normative and legal regulation and invent new schemes of criminal technology.

The key factors in the situation of committing crimes in the presented area are: search for opportunities for criminal enrichment by using existing powers; conspiracy of officials of commercial banks with representatives of supervisory agencies (curators from some units of the National Bank of UKraine) in order to cover up criminal activity; development of a plan of financial fraud with representatives of commercial organizations in order to steal the entrusted funds and their further legalization. Typically, such criminal “associations” try to have long-term relationships under the guise of corrupt relations with supervisors and banking secrecy in order to systematically generate illicit proceeds. In case of the risk of detecting criminal schemes, the banking institution may be brought to bankruptcy, which is used as the method to hide traces of criminal activity.

Analysis of the impact of regulatory factor in the context of committing economic crimes in the banking sector is a perspective and relevant area of further research. In this regard, the development of the doctrine of forensic forecasting in conditions of instability of processes in the economy in its individual segments (lending, currency regulation), weak control over the conduct and accounting of banking transactions, etc. is of great importance.

Equally important is the development of cooperation between law enforcement agencies involved in the fight against crime in the banking sector, with the units of the National Bank, the State Fiscal Service and financial monitoring; the improvement of the methodology of conducting certain types of examinations, etc. Provisions for such cooperation are enshrined in law and are in force, but some need to be revised in the light of central government reforms.
A preliminary study of the cytotoxicity of the protein extract of abajerú commercialized in markets
Authors: Pedrete Thaís de Almeida , Carmo Julianderson de Oliveira dos Santos , Barreto Emiliano de Oliveira , Moreira Josino Costa
Published: April 2021

The use of plants and their products for medical treatment is a quite common procedure in Brazil, especially for treatment of diabetes. In fact, several plants can demonstrate hypoglycemic effects in vitro assays. However, the use for human treatment requires the knowledge of their toxicological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein extracts of Chrysobalanus icaco collected from natural habitats and of Eugenia astringens acquired from the market in Rio de Janeiro on the viability and migration of fibroblasts. E. astringens has a similar morphology as C. icaco and it is sold as Chrysobalanus in a popular market. Being a different plant, E. astringens expresses different proteins, and its protein extract has proved to possess higher toxic properties than C. icaco does. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that, as the protein extract concentration increases, fibroblast viability decreases. Only the E. astringens extract displayed cytotoxicity at all concentrations, in addition to reduced fibroblast migration. The results obtained in this study demonstrates that it is necessary integrative policies for rational use of medicinal plants and their commercialization, since the current use of medicinal plants may be inadequate, and it is of great importance for Public Health.
Avaliação de diferentes métodos de extração e atividade antioxidante de compostos bioativos do resíduo madeireiro de maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl.)
Authors: Santos Marcio Antonio Castanho dos , Viana Alciene Ferreira da Silva , Silva Bruno Alexandre da , Santos Alessandra da Silva , Abreu Alcicley  da Silva , Moreira Debora Kono Taketa
Published: April 2021

A preocupação com o meio ambiente tem sido constante nos últimos tempos, principalmente quando se trata de aproveitamento adequado de resíduos, pois são depositados de maneira inapropriada, podendo contribuir para efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de extração de compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante do resíduo madeireiro de maçaranduba. A coleta da amostra foi cadastrada no ICMBio e a serragem da madeira foi doada e coletada a partir de seu desdobro secundário na indústria. Posteriormente, o material passou pelo processo de secagem, homogeneização e extração de compostos fenólicos por diferentes métodos. O método de extração por ultrassom assistida extraiu mais compostos fenólicos e flavonoides e consequentemente obteve maior capacidade antioxidante, quando comparado com os métodos por percolação, alta pressão e soxhlet, demonstrando o potencial desse resíduo madeireiro.
Toxicidade oral aguda e avaliação dos efeitos pressóricos e renais causados pela oncocalyxona A
Authors: Silva Paula Letícia Braga e , Costa Laura Lícia Marcos da , Nogueira Júnior Francisco Assis , Jorge Antônio Rafael Coelho , Pereira Jeanine Morais , Evangelista Janaina Serra Azul Monteiro , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia Loiola , Alves Renata Sousa , Monteiro Helena Serra Azul
Published: April 2021

Neste estudo propõe-se avaliar os efeitos toxicológicos, pressóricos e renais da onco-A em modelos animais in vivo e ex vivo. A Oncocalyxona A (onco-A) isolada de Auxemma oncocalyx foi estudada nas doses 1, 3, e 10 µg/mL. Utilizou-se camundongos Swiss fêmeas (20-25g) para o teste de toxicidade oral aguda. Os dados foram comparados por teste t de Student, Two-Way ANOVA e pós-teste de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Foi estimado uma DL50 ˃ 2000 mg/kg, os tecidos pulmonar, renal e cardíaco demonstraram alterações histológicas. Sobre os níveis pressóricos de ratos, a onco-A ocasionou redução significativa da pressão arterial média, alterou os níveis de creatinina e, observou-se alterações histológicas nos tecidos cardíaco e renal. Em perfusão de rim isolado a onco-A causou aumento na pressão de perfusão, fluxo urinário e resistência vascular renal. O ritmo de filtração glomerular encontrou-se reduzido nas concentrações de 1 µg/mL e 10 µg/mL e aumentado para a dose de 3 µg/mL. As fotomicrografias do tecido renal após a perfusão demonstraram alterações histológicas significativas induzidas pela onco-A. Pode-se inferir que, embora a onco-A tenha apresentado baixa letalidade em todos os protocolos experimentais realizados, mostrou evidências de toxicidade pulmonar, renal e cardíaca.
Movimento Sindical Rulefare: A Utilização De Sanções Disciplinares Patronais Como Técnica De Aniquilação Da Atuação Sindical – Caso Correios
Authors: Menezes Alexsander Soares
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar uma análise da estratégia de utilização de normativos disciplinares internos para o enfraquecimento das Entidades Sindicais de Representação dos Trabalhadores das Empresas Estatais, através da instrução de processos administrativos disciplinares contra seus diretores, representantes dos trabalhadores que participam de mobilizações e ações de luta pela preservação de direitos e garantias trabalhistas. Em sua elaboração foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas em livros e artigos de autores ligados aos movimentos sindicais, estudos sociológicos, além de entrevistas com lideranças ativas das entidades de representação dos trabalhadores dos Correios no estado do Paraná. O estudo concluiu que existe um vácuo de conhecimentos administrativos, jurídicos e político, e apresenta um conjunto de estratégias organizadas em frentes de atuação, como forma de superar essa defasagem, considerando o fato de que dadas as diferentes realidades das Entidades Sindicais, não é razoável propor uma solução única, mas um roteiro de estratégias adaptável e funcional.
Uma Proposta De Atividade Para Ensinar Função Periódica À Luz Da Etnomatemática
Authors: Lobato Fabricio Da Silva , Fialho Roberto Paulo Bibas
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma proposta de atividade para ensinar conteúdo matemático. Mostrar que uma possível proposta de atividade apoiando na Etnomatemática é uma forma de sair do modelo tradicional de ensino. Utilizamos como referencias as ideias da Etnomatemática de D’Ambrósio (2005), e apoiando-se nos Documentos Oficiais, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1998) e a Base Nacional Curricular Comum (2018) para obter bases teóricas e orientação para criar um guia para ensinar matemática a luz da Etnomatemática, tornando o aluno um agente ativo de sua aprendizagem e não um mero espectador. A partir do Relato de um ribeirinho sobre processo de cheia e vazante dos rios, que a partir desse fenômeno periódico é pensado uma proposta de atividade para ensinar Função Periódica como o apoio da Etnomatemática.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection and Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Basir Rahayu , Hartono Eddy , Moeljono Eddy R. , Asni St. Nur
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective: To determine the correlation between spontaneous abortion and Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in women who experienced spontaneous abortion. Normal pregnancies with gestational age more than equal to 37 weeks as control. Detection of C. trachomatis in the product of conception or placenta from curettage using the PCR method.

Results: Positive C. trachomatis was found 3 cases in the abortion group and 4 cases in control. In the abortion group, C. trachomatis found in 1 case with vaginal discharge history and 2 cases without this history. C. trachomatis also found in 3 cases without a history of abortion. This bacteria was not found in patients with an abortion history. In the control group, 2 cases of positive C. trachomatis were found in pregnant women with or without a history of vaginal discharge and abortion, respectively. There were no significant differences regarding the positive of C. trachomatis between the two study groups regarding history of vaginal discharge and abortion.

Conclusions: Spontaneous abortion does not correlate with C. trachomatis infection.

Keywords: chlamydia trachomatis, infection, spontaneous abortion.

Abstrak

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara abortus spontan dan infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis.

Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada perempuan yang mengalami abortus spontan. Kehamilan normal dengan usia kehamilan lebih dari sama dengan 37 minggu sebagai kontrol. Deteksi C. trachomatis pada produk konsepsi atau plasenta dari kuretase menggunakan metode PCR.

Hasil: C. trachomatis positif ditemukan 3 kasus pada kelompok aborsi dan 4 kasus dalam kontrol. Pada kelompok abortus spontan, C. trachomatis ditemukan pada 1 kasus dengan riwayat keputihan dan 2 kasus tanpa riwayat keputihan. C. trachomatis juga ditemukan pada 3 kasus tanpa riwayat abortus. Bakteri ini tidak ditemukan pada pasien dengan riwayat abortus. Pada kelompok kontrol, 2 kasus positif C. trachomatis masing-masing ditemukan pada perempuan hamil dengan atau tanpa riwayat keputihan dan abortus. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan C. trachomatis positif antara kedua kelompok penelitian berdasarkan riwayat keputihan dan abortus.

Kesimpulan: Abortus spontan tidak berkorelasi dengan infeksi C. trachomatis.

Kata kunci: abortus spontan, chlamydia trachomatis, infeksi.
Maternal Deaths due to Obstetric Hemorrhage in Padang, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Dini F. Omari  , Yusrawati  , Satya W. Yenny
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the association between determinants of maternal deaths and obstetric haemorrhage in Padang, Indonesia.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Padang, Indonesia from 2015 to 2019. Maternal deaths that occurred due to obstetric hemorrhage in Padang Health Department was compared to three mothers who survived from obstetric hemorrhage (controls) in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.Results: There were 20 deaths caused by obstetric hemorrhage during 2015 to 2019. Death records could only be found in 16 cases. The most common etiology of obstetric hemorrhage was uterine atony (62.5%). Determinants associated with maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage were interval between pregnancies (p=0.045; OR:10.846), history of previous labour (p=0.003; OR:8.556), and antenatal care (p=0.003; OR:21.364). Age, parity, birth attendant, and mother’s educational level were not significantly associated with maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage.Conclusion: Uterine atony was the most frequent etiology of maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage. There was a significant association between pregnancy intervals, history of previous labour, and antenatal care with maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage.Keywords: determinant, obstetric hemorrhage, maternal death.

Abstrak

Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan determinan kematian maternal akibat perdarahan obstetri di Kota Padang.Metode: Sebuah studi retrospektif case-control dilakukan di Kota Padang dari tahun 2015–2019. Setiap kasus kematian ibu akibat perdarahan obstetri dari tahun 2015–2019 yang dilaporkan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang dibandingkan dengan tiga kasus perdarahan obstetri yang tidak berakibat kematian di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square.Hasil: Ada 20 kasus kematian akibat perdarahan obstetri selama tahun 2015–2019. Catatan kematian hanya dapat diperoleh pada 16 kasus. Etiologi terbanyak kematian akibat perdarahan obstetri ialah atonia uteri. Determinan yang berhubungan dengan kematian akibat perdarahan obstetri ialah jarak kehamilan (p=0.045; OR:10.846), riwayat persalinan sebelumnya (p=0.003; OR:8.556), dan antenatal care (p=0.003; OR:21.364). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, paritas, penolong persalinan, dan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kematian maternal akibat perdarahan obstetri.Kesimpulan: Atonia uteri merupakan etiologi tertinggi kematian maternal akibat perdarahan obstetri. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jarak kehamilan, riwayat persalinan sebelumnya, dan antenatal care dengan kematian maternal akibat perdarahan obstetri.Kata kunci: determinan, kematian maternal, perdarahan obstetri.
Maternal Mortality Rate before and after BPJS Health services Era
Authors: Tendean Hermie M. M. , Lumentut Anastasia M. , Ihsan Maimun
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective: To compare maternal death in RSUD dr. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo before BPJS (in 2011-2013) and after BPJS (2014-2016)Methods: Descriptive Retrospective. Data in this study obtained from the secondary data. This data obtained by the researcher from medical records in RSUD Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo.Results: In this study, the number of delivery in hospitals Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe before BPJS (2011-2013) of 7906 deliveries of live births after 7735 and health services BPJS (years 2014-2016) of 6493 deliveries of live births BPJS 6333. Maternal mortality before and after as many as 34 cases BPJS many as 42 cases, so we get the MMR before BPJS 4.39 ‰ and 6.63 ‰ after BPJS.Conclusion: There is a significant increase in maternal mortality rate in Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo (p = 0.036), after BPJS maternal mortality (years 2014-2016) was 42 cases, compared with a prior health services BPJS (2011-2013) was 34 cases. This increase occurred because of a referral system BPJS make the decreasing number of births was in the hospital decreased, and hospitals Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe a referral centre in Gorontalo province and surrounding areas.Keywords: death, BPJS, maternal, mortality.

Abstrak

Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan kematian maternal di RSUD Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe sebelum BPJS (2011-2013) dan sesudah layanan kesehatan BPJS (2014-2016).Metode: Deskriptif Retrospektif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medik di RSUD Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah persalinan di RSUD Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe sebelum BPJS (2011-2013) sebanyak 7906 persalinan dengan kelahiran hidup 7735 dan sesudah layanan kesehatan BPJS (2014-2016) sebanyak 6493 persalinan dengan kelahiran hidup 6333. Kematian maternal sebelum BPJS sebanyak 34 kasus dan sesudah BPJS sebanyak 42 kasus, sehingga didapatkan AKI sebelum BPJS 4.39 ‰ dan sesudah BPJS 6.63 ‰.Kesimpulan: Ternyata terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna (p=0,036) kematian maternal sesudah BPJS (2014-2016) sebanyak 42 kasus, bila dibandingkan dengan sebelum layanan kesehatan BPJS (2011-2013) sebanyak 34 kasus. Peningkatan ini terjadi karena sistem rujukan BPJS membuat menurunnya jumlah persalinan yang ada dirumah sakit menurun, dan RSUD Prof. Dr. Aloei Saboe merupakan pusat rujukan di propinsi Gorontalo dan sekitarnya.Kata Kunci: BPJS, kematian, maternal,mortalitas