bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akermanite bioceramic enhances wound healing with accelerated reepithelialization by promoting proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Wang Xiaoya , Ma Kui , Zhang Cuiping , Chang Jiang , Fu Xiaobing
Published: July 2019

Reepithelialization is an important step of wound healing, which is mainly completed by proliferation and migration of epidermal cells. Akermanite is a Ca‐, Mg‐, and Si‐containing bioceramic. This study evaluated the effects of Akermanite on wound healing and investigated the mechanisms. Using scald burn mice models, we demonstrated that local Akermanite treatment significantly accelerated wound healing by increasing reepithelialization and the stemness of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells were cultured in medium containing Akermanite extracts to explore the cellular mechanism of reepithelialization. Akermanite promoted the cell proliferation and migration, maintaining more cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. An additional study showed that Akermanite enhanced the expressions of integrinβ1, Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6, which are specific molecular markers of epidermal stem cells, accompanied by the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results suggested that Akermanite accelerated reepithelialization by increasing the proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells in a manner related to the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which might contribute, at least partially, to accelerated wound healing by Akermanite therapy.
Le principe de Hasse pour les espaces homogènes : réduction au cas des stabilisateurs finis
Authors: Demarche Cyril , Lucchini Arteche Giancarlo
Published: July 2019

Nous montrons, pour une grande famille de propriétés des espaces homogènes, qu’une telle propriété vaut pour tout espace homogène d’un groupe linéaire connexe dès qu’elle vaut pour les espaces homogènes de$\text{SL}_{n}$à stabilisateur fini. Nous réduisons notamment à ce cas particulier la vérification d’une importante conjecture de Colliot-Thélène sur l’obstruction de Brauer–Manin au principe de Hasse et à l’approximation faible. Des travaux récents de Harpaz et Wittenberg montrent que le résultat principal s’applique également à la conjecture analogue (dite conjecture (E)) pour les zéro-cycles.
μ‐Opioid receptor signalling via PI3K/Akt pathway ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Ji Suzhen , Wang Leilei
Published: July 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

The aim was to investigate the role of μ‐opioid receptors in acute respiratory distress syndrome and whether their protective effect is mediated via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Our findings show that activation of μ‐opioid receptors ameliorates lung injury, and the effects are reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin.

The main pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung and increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells. The μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor, which stimulates angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, the MOR inhibits cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In this study, we aimed to explore the contribution of the MOR in ARDS and whether its effects are mediated via PI3K/Akt signalling. An ARDS model was established by intratracheal instillation of 5 mg kg−1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung injury was confirmed by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. Lung inflammation was determined by assessment of interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α concentrations. The protein level of p‐Akt was detected by western blot. Endomorphin‐1‐activated MORs attenuated LPS‐induced lung injury, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression, and elevated LPS‐induced decreased p‐Akt expression. However, the protective effect of MOR activation on lung injury was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. In conclusion, MOR involvement in LPS‐induced ARDS is via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Targeting microglia in brain disorders
Authors: Priller Josef , Prinz Marco
Published: July 2019

The heterogeneity of brain immune cells could be exploited therapeutically
Conserved N-terminal cysteine dioxygenases transduce responses to hypoxia in animals and plants
Authors: Masson Norma , Keeley Thomas P. , Giuntoli Beatrice , White Mark D. , Puerta Mikel Lavilla , Perata Pierdomenico , Hopkinson Richard J. , Flashman Emily , Licausi Francesco , Ratcliffe Peter J.
Published: July 2019

Oxygen sensing across kingdoms

The ability to sense and respond to changes in oxygen levels is critical for most forms of life. To date, mechanistic studies of this process in mammals have focused on the oxygen-sensitive stability of a transcription factor called hypoxia-inducible factor. Masson
et al.
discovered an enzymatic oxygen sensor in humans that is functionally identical to plant cysteine oxidases, enzymes that control responses to hypoxia in plants. The human and plant enzymes convert the N-terminal cysteine in substrate proteins to cysteine sulfinic acid, a modification that ultimately targets the proteins for degradation. Oxygen sensing is impaired in many human diseases, and further study of the human enzyme could help in the development of strategies for therapeutic intervention.

Science
, this issue p.
65
The heme-regulated inhibitor is a cytosolic sensor of protein misfolding that controls innate immune signaling
Authors: Abdel-Nour Mena , Carneiro Leticia A. M. , Downey Jeffrey , Tsalikis Jessica , Outlioua Ahmed , Prescott Dave , Da Costa Leandro Silva , Hovingh Elise S. , Farahvash Armin , Gaudet Ryan G. , Molinaro Raphael , van Dalen Rob , Lau Charles C. Y. , Azimi Farshad C. , Escalante Nichole K. , Trotman-Grant Aaron , Lee Jeffrey E. , Gray-Owen Scott D. , Divangahi Maziar , Chen Jane-Jane , Philpott Dana J. , Arnoult Damien , Girardin Stephen E.
Published: July 2019

Linking protein misfolding and innate immunity

Multiple innate immune sensors undergo rapid assembly into large complexes known as signalosomes. This is an essential step during cellular responses to microbes and danger signals. How this process is regulated to avoid accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates remains poorly understood. Abdel-Nour
et al.
identified a pathway, dependent on heme-regulated inhibitor, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, activating transcription factor 4, and heat shock protein B8, which controls the folding and scaffolding of innate immune sensors, allowing optimal proinflammatory signaling (see the Perspective by Pierre). The pathway appears to mirror the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR), and so was named the cytosolic UPR (cUPR). The cUPR may represent a general mechanism to control protein misfolding in cells.

Science
, this issue p.
eaaw4144
; see also p.
28
A glycine-specific N-degron pathway mediates the quality control of protein
N
-myristoylation
Authors: Timms Richard T. , Zhang Zhiqian , Rhee David Y. , Harper J. Wade , Koren Itay , Elledge Stephen J.
Published: July 2019

Glycine N-degron regulation revealed

For more than 30 years, N-terminal sequences have been known to influence protein stability, but additional features of these N-end rule, or N-degron, pathways continue to be uncovered. Timms
et al.
used a global protein stability (GPS) technology to take a broader look at these pathways in human cells. Unexpectedly, glycine exposed at the N terminus could act as a potent degron; proteins bearing N-terminal glycine were targeted for proteasomal degradation by two Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases through the substrate adaptors ZYG11B and ZER1. This pathway may be important, for example, to degrade proteins that fail to localize properly to cellular membranes and to destroy protein fragments generated during cell death.

Science
, this issue p.
eaaw4912
The grand story of carbon
Symphony in C: Carbon and the Evolution of (Almost) Everything
Robert M. Hazen
Norton, 2019. 313 pp.
Authors: Pohl Nicola
Published: July 2019

A geologist offers a melodic meditation on one of Earth's most abundant elements
Proton uptake mechanism in bacteriorhodopsin captured by serial synchrotron crystallography
Authors: Weinert Tobias , Skopintsev Petr , James Daniel , Dworkowski Florian , Panepucci Ezequiel , Kekilli Demet , Furrer Antonia , Brünle Steffen , Mous Sandra , Ozerov Dmitry , Nogly Przemyslaw , Wang Meitian , Standfuss Jörg
Published: July 2019

Refilling the proton pump

Proteins are dynamic. Rearrangements of side chains, secondary structure, and entire domains gate functional transitions on time scales ranging from picoseconds to milliseconds. Weinert
et al.
used time-resolved serial crystallography to study large conformational changes in the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin that allow for redistribution of protons during the pumping cycle. They adapted methods used for x-ray free electron lasers to synchrotron x-ray sources. Large loop movements and a chain of water molecules were central to regenerating the starting state of bacteriorhodopsin.

Science
, this issue p.
61
The global tree restoration potential
Authors: Bastin Jean-Francois , Finegold Yelena , Garcia Claude , Mollicone Danilo , Rezende Marcelo , Routh Devin , Zohner Constantin M. , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: July 2019

The potential for global forest cover

The restoration of forested land at a global scale could help capture atmospheric carbon and mitigate climate change. Bastin
et al.
used direct measurements of forest cover to generate a model of forest restoration potential across the globe (see the Perspective by Chazdon and Brancalion). Their spatially explicit maps show how much additional tree cover could exist outside of existing forests and agricultural and urban land. Ecosystems could support an additional 0.9 billion hectares of continuous forest. This would represent a greater than 25% increase in forested area, including more than 200 gigatonnes of additional carbon at maturity.Such a change has the potential to store an equivalent of 25% of the current atmospheric carbon pool.

Science
, this issue p.
76
; see also p.
24
Matrix Fourier optics enables a compact full-Stokes polarization camera
Authors: Rubin Noah A. , D’Aversa Gabriele , Chevalier Paul , Shi Zhujun , Chen Wei Ting , Capasso Federico
Published: July 2019

A metasurface polarization camera

Imaging the polarization of light scattered from an object provides an additional degree of freedom for gaining information from a scene. Conventional polarimeters can be bulky and usually consist of mechanically moving parts (with a polarizer and analyzer setup rotating to reveal the degree of polarization). Rubinet al.designed a metasurface-based full-Stokes compact polarization camera without conventional polarization optics and without moving parts. The results provide a simplified route for polarization imaging.

Science, this issue p.eaax1839
Seaweed, seaweed everywhere
Authors: Gower James , King Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Floating
Sargassum
seaweed species are spreading in the Atlantic Ocean
Phase Ib Trial To Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Ascending Doses of Filociclovir (MBX-400, Cyclopropavir) in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Rouphael Nadine G. , Hurwitz Selwyn J. , Hart Mari , Beck Allison , Anderson Evan J. , Deye Gregory , Osborn Blaire , Cai Shu Yi , Focht Chris , Amegashie Cyrille , Bowlin Terry L. , Brooks Jennifer , Mulligan Mark J.
Published: July 2019

Filociclovir (MBX-400, cyclopropavir) is an antiviral agent with activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV). A phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled (3:1 ratio), single-center, multiple-ascending-dose trial was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of filociclovir.
Interspecies Inhibition of
Porphyromonas gingivalis
by Yogurt-Derived
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Requires Active Pyruvate Oxidase
Authors: Cornacchione Louis P. , Klein Brian A. , Duncan Margaret J. , Hu Linden T.
Published: July 2019

P. gingivalis
is implicated in the onset and progression of periodontal disease and associated with some systemic diseases. Probiotic bacteria represent an attractive preventative therapy for periodontal disease. However, the efficacy of probiotic bacteria can be variable between studies. Our data support the known importance of selecting particular strains of bacteria for probiotic use, not simply a single species. Specifically, in the context of probiotic intervention of periodontitis, our data suggest that high-level expression of pyruvate oxidase with hydrogen peroxide production in
L. delbrueckii
could be an important characteristic for the design of a probiotic supplement or a microbial therapeutic.
Link between Heterotrophic Carbon Fixation and Virulence in the Porcine Lung Pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Konze Sarah A. , Abraham Wolf-Rainer , Goethe Elke , Surges Esther , Kuypers Marcel M. M. , Hoeltig Doris , Meens Jochen , Vogel Charlotte , Stiesch Meike , Valentin-Weigand Peter , Gerlach Gerald-F. , Buettner Falk F. R.
Published: July 2019

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis a capnophilic pathogen of the porcine respiratory tract lacking enzymes of the oxidative branch of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We previously claimed thatA. pleuropneumoniaeinstead uses the reductive branch in order to generate energy and metabolites. Here, we show that bicarbonate and oxaloacetate supported anaerobic growth ofA. pleuropneumoniae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2700 Contributes to Cell Envelope Integrity and Virulence
Authors: Ballister Edward R. , Samanovic Marie I. , Darwin K. Heran
Published: July 2019

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
causes about 1.5 million deaths per year. The unique composition of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
cell envelope is required for this bacterium to cause disease and is the target for several critical antibiotics. By better understanding the mechanisms by which mycobacteria assemble and maintain their cell envelope, we might uncover new therapeutic targets. In this work, we show that a previously uncharacterized protein, Rv2700, is important for cell envelope integrity in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and that loss of Rv2700 attenuates virulence in mice. This family of proteins is found in a broad group of bacterial species, so our work provides a first insight into their potential functions in many species important to the environment, industry, and human health.
Methylation Warfare: Interaction of Pneumococcal Bacteriophages with Their Host
Authors: Furi Leonardo , Crawford Liam A. , Rangel-Pineros Guillermo , Manso Ana S. , De Ste Croix Megan , Haigh Richard D. , Kwun Min J. , Engelsen Fjelland Kristine , Gilfillan Gregor D. , Bentley Stephen D. , Croucher Nicholas J. , Clokie Martha R. , Oggioni Marco R.
Published: July 2019

With antimicrobial drug resistance becoming an increasing burden on human health, much attention has been focused on the potential use of bacteriophages and their enzymes as therapeutics. However, the investigations into the physiology of the complex interactions of bacteriophages with their hosts have attracted far less attention, in comparison. This work describes the molecular characterization of the infectious cycle of a bacteriophage in the important human pathogen
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and explores the intricate relationship between phase-variable host defense mechanisms and the virus. This is the first report showing how a phase-variable type I restriction-modification system is involved in bacteriophage restriction while it also provides an additional level of infection control through abortive infection.
Comparison of the Innate Immune Responses to Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Clade B New World Arenaviruses
Authors: Moreno Hector , Möller Rebecca , Fedeli Chiara , Gerold Gisa , Kunz Stefan
Published: July 2019

New World (NW) arenaviruses are a diverse family of emerging zoonotic viruses that merit significant attention as important public health problems. The close genetic relationship of nonpathogenic NW arenaviruses with their highly pathogenic cousins suggests that few mutations may be sufficient to enhance virulence. The identification of molecular determinants of virulence of NW arenaviruses is therefore of great importance. Here we undertook a side-by-side comparison of the innate immune responses against the highly pathogenic Junin virus (JUNV) and the related nonpathogenic Tacaribe virus (TCRV) in human cells. We consistently found that TCRV induces a stronger type I interferon (IFN-I) response than JUNV. Transcriptome profiling revealed an overlapping pattern of IFN-induced gene expression and similar low sensitivities to IFN-I treatment. However, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) contributed to the control of TCRV, but not JUNV, providing the first evidence for differential innate recognition and control of JUNV and TCRV.
Seizure frequency, healthcare resource utilisation and mortality in childhood epilepsy: a retrospective cohort study using the THIN database
Authors: Myland Melissa , Buysse Brian , Tsong Wan , Power G Sarah , Nordli Douglas , Chin Richard F M
Published: July 2019

Objective

To understand the association of seizure frequency with healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and mortality in UK children with epilepsy (CWE).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Routinely collected data in primary care from The Health Improvement Network UK database.

Patients

CWE ≥1 and<18 years of age with a record of seizure frequency were included in mortality analyses from 2005 to 2015 and HCRU analyses from 2010 to 2015.

Main outcome measures

Frequency of HCRU contacts during the year following latest seizure frequency and mortality (descriptive and Cox proportional hazards regression) from first record of seizure frequency.

Results

Higher seizure frequency was related to increased HCRU utilisation and mortality. In negative binomial regression, each category increase in seizure frequency related to 11% more visits to general practitioners, 35% more inpatient admissions, 15% more outpatient visits and increased direct HCRU costs (24%). 11 patients died during 12 490 patient-years follow-up. The unadjusted HR of mortality per higher category of seizure frequency was 2.56 (95% CI: 1.52 to 4.31). Adjustment for age and number of prescribed anti-epileptic drugs at index attenuated this estimate to 2.11 (95% CI: 1.24 to 3.60).

Conclusion

Higher seizure frequency is associated with greater HCRU and mortality in CWE in the UK. Improvement in seizure control may potentially lead to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare use.
Two centuries of immunisation in the UK (part 1)
Authors: Lang Sarah , Loving Sarah , McCarthy Noel Denis , Ramsay Mary Elizabeth , Salisbury David , Pollard Andrew J
Published: July 2019

The impact of immunisation is best understood through a historical lens, since so many of the diseases which placed a burden on our population have been eliminated or controlled through immunisation. The United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS), which celebrated its 70thbirthday in 2018, is responsible for delivering the highly successful universal national immunisation programme. However, the first vaccines used in the UK were not part of a centrally coordinated programme until the 1960s. Resources that summarise the first 200 years of immunisation in the UK are not readily accessible. Here we provide a two part chronological insight into the history of the UK immunisation programme from primary sources. In Part I, we highlight the importance of wartime conditions, unprecedented vaccine development, and the polio outbreaks in the in driving developments in immunisation and discuss subsequent changes in the use of the original vaccines of the immunisation programme, namely, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio. In Part 2, we discuss the formation of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and its role, working with public health agencies and advising the UK Governments on vaccine policy, to bring a comprehensive programme to defend the health of the population against serious infectious diseases, highlighting the importance of programme organisation and leadership.
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus associated with lipoma in an Indian man
Authors: Agarwal Apoorva , Dhameja Neeraj , Ghosh Kar Amrita
Published: July 2019

Congenital melanocytic nevus is a inborn melanocytic proliferation either present since birth or soon afterward and shows characteristic histopathological features comprising proliferation of benign melanocytes and extension of nevus cells into the deep reticular dermis and subcutis. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with a progressively enlarging soft tissue mass in bilateral flank region. High-resolution ultrasound imaging showed multiple lipomatous masses within the soft tissues on the either flank region. Subsequent excision of the soft tissue mass showed a well-circumscribed lipomatous lesion with diffuse infiltration by benign appearing melanocytes within the fat lobules established by immunohistochemistry, which was positive for HMB45 and S100. This case serves to illustrate the initial diagnostic challenge in a male patient as well as the plasticity of the neural crest cells.
Binocular game versus part-time patching for treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in Chinese children: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Yao Jing , Moon Hye-Won , Qu Xiaomei
Published: July 2019

Aims

To compare amblyopic-eye visual acuity (VA) and binocularity improvement of a binocular game with part-time patching in the treatment of Chinese children with anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods

103 Chinese children aged 3–13 years with anisometropic amblyopia were recruited in a randomised clinical trial. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the binocular, patching and combined groups. Primary outcome was amblyopic-eye VA improvement at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included reduction of suppression and change of stereoacuity.

Results

Of 85 completed participants, 44 (52%) were women and mean (SD) age was 5.99 (2.33) years. At 3 months, mean (95% CI) amblyopic-eye VA improved 0.18 (0.10–0.26), 0.28 (0.19–0.36) and 0.30 (0.21–0.39) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution in the binocular, patching and combined groups, respectively. After adjusting for baseline VA, the difference was statistically significant (F=6.29, p=0.003), favouring as follows: the combined group, the patching group and the binocular group. After treatment, Titmus (x2binocular=9.75, p=0.007; x2combined=9.35, p=0.009) and dynamic stereoacuity (x2binocular=12.56, p=0.01; x2combined=12.66, p=0.01) improved only in the binocular and combined groups. Among groups, only Titmus improvement differed significantly (F=49.55, p<0.001). Changes of other types of stereoacuity and interocular suppression were similar.

Conclusions

The binocular game used in this study could improve amblyopic-eye VA and binocularity in Chinese children with anisometropic amblyopia, but it was less effective than patching in amblyopic-eye VA improvement and showed no superiority in binocularity over patching. It remains unclear whether the low treatment response of this binocular game was due to limitations of the study or its low treatment effect.
Long-term outcome of low-cost glaucoma drainage device (Aurolab aqueous drainage implant) compared with Ahmed glaucoma valve
Authors: Pandav Surinder Singh , Seth Natasha Gautam , Thattaruthody Faisal , Kaur Manpreet , Akella Madhuri , Vats Abhinav , Kaushik Sushmita , Raj Srishti
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To compare the long-term outcome of Aurolab aqueous drainage device (AADI) and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).

Method

Retrospective analysis of patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV (AGV-FP7) and AADI (AADI Model 350) implantation. The outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) and re-surgery for IOP control. The postoperative complications were classified as early (≤3 months), intermediate (>3 months to ≤1 year) or late (>1 year).

Results

173 patients (189 eyes) underwent AGV implantation (AGV Group) while 201 patients (206 eyes) underwent AADI implantation (AADI group). The IOP in AADI group was significantly lower than AGV group at all time points till 2 years and comparable at 3 years. AADI group had significantly higher number of AGM in preoperative period and significantly lower number in postoperative period till 3 years compared with AGV group. AADI group had more hypotony-related complications but statistically insignificant (p = 0.07). The surgical interventions were significantly higher in AGV (n = 18) compared with AADI group (n = 5) in late postoperative period (p = 0.01). At 3 years, overall success was seen in 58.18% in AGV and 73.08% in AADI group (p = 0.15). Complete success was seen in 7.27% patients in AGV and 25.00% patients in AADI group (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Both AADI and AGV implant had comparable mean IOP at 3 years with lesser requirement of AGM in the AADI group. Both procedures appear to be safe with slight preponderance of hypotony-related complications in AADI group.
An update on the modern management of paediatric uveitis
Authors: Choi Jessy , Hawley Daniel P. , Ashworth Jane , Edelsten Clive , Bossuyt Alexander S.A.M.
Published: July 2019

Uveitis in children and young people (CYP) is often painless, chronic and persistent. It is an often silent blinding condition. Uveitis can be isolated or develop as a manifestation of a systemic disease. Due to the symptomless nature, it can present late with advanced ocular comorbidities such as band keratopathy, hypotony, cataracts. Inadequate control of the eye inflammation can result in permanent and severe ocular complications, structural damage and visual loss. One of the most common systemic associations is juvenile idiopathic arthritis where uveitis has a cumulative incidence of approximately 10%–14% (though wide variation in incidence is reported) after 5 years. Appropriately targeted uveitis screening is recommended to continue for at least 7 years in some subgroups. Paediatric uveitis poses multiple diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical manifestation and disease course may differ significantly from adult-onset uveitis. However, some CYP are still managed by adult specialists alone, without the opportunity for the prompt use of National Health Service England approved therapy. Optimal management of paediatric uveitis requires a multidisciplinary approach involving coordinated working of different specialities and healthcare professionals. This article highlights the evidence-based practice for the contemporary management of paediatric uveitis to readers in different specialities who may come across this condition. It raises awareness of early systemic treatment aiming to achieve early and complete disease inactivity thereby improving the chances of a long-term positive outcome.
Association of toll-like receptor 10 polymorphisms with paediatric idiopathic uveitis in Han Chinese
Authors: Lv Meng , Tan Handan , Deng Jing , Du Liping , Su Guannan , Wang Qingfeng , Zhong Zhenyu , Tan Xiao , Cao Qingfeng , Kijlstra Aize , Yang Peizeng
Published: July 2019

Aims

We aimed to determine whether paediatric idiopathic uveitis (PIU) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated paediatric uveitis (JIA-PU) have an association with Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) gene polymorphisms in Han Chinese.

Methods

Ten tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofTLR10were analysed in 992 PIU patients, 127 JIA-PU patients and 1600 controls using the Sequenom MassARRAY system and iPLEX Gold assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were analysed using the χ2 test. A stratified analysis was performed according to the clinical features of PIU.

Results

Increased frequencies of the rs2101521 A allele, rs10004195 A allele, rs11725309 CC genotype and rs6841698 AA genotype were found in PIU patients compared with controls (corrected p values (Pc)=1.81×10-4, Pc= 1.12×10-2, Pc=2.41×10-2and Pc=3.29×10-3, respectively). There was no association between these 10 tag SNPs and JIA-PU. In the stratified analysis, the frequency of the rs6841698 A allele was higher in PIU patients with cataract (Pc=1.45×10-6). The frequencies of the rs2101521 A allele and rs6841698 AA genotype were increased in PIU patients with band keratopathy (BK) (Pc=2.32×10-2, Pc=3.30×10-3, respectively).

Conclusion

TLR10gene polymorphisms (rs2101521, rs10004195, rs11725309 and rs6841698) confer susceptibility to PIU in Han Chinese. In a stratified analysis, rs2101521 and rs6841698 are associated with PIU with BK, and rs6841698 correlates with PIU with cataract.
Associated factors for progression to AIDS among HIV-infected people who use drugs: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China
Authors: Luo Hao , Sun Mingwei , Du Jinlin
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Injection drug use is the most important risk factor for the spread of HIV in China over the past two decades. People who use drugs (PWUD) who were diagnosed at an early stage with HIV have gradually developed AIDS. This study investigated the factors associated with disease progression following HIV diagnosis in PWUD.

Design

This study used a retrospective cohort study.

Setting

This investigation was conducted in Dongguan city, Guangdong Province, China.

Participants

A total of 2969 PWUD with HIV were recruited from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2014.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Kaplan-Meier method, Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied to identify the related factors of progression to AIDS following HIV diagnosis.

Results

The study revealed that age at diagnosis, marital status, baseline CD4 T-cell counts and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were statistically significant (p<0.01), either in the patients with HIV or in patients with AIDS. Compared with HIV-infected individuals of 18 years, patients with AIDS who were at least 36 years of age possessed sharply increased HR for developing AIDS (HR=7.016, 95% CI 6.083 to 8.092, p=0.001). The single HIV-positive individuals (HR=0.691, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.811, p=0.001) were less likely to develop AIDS compared with married ones. Increasing baseline CD4 T-cell counts, HAART (HR=0.599, 95% CI 0.517 to 0.693, p=0.001) and condom usage (HR=0.825, 95% CI 0.710 to 0.959, p=0.012) were associated with delayed progression to AIDS.

Conclusions

Our study found that increasing baseline CD4 T-cell counts, HAART and condom usage might be associated with delayed the progression of HIV to AIDS, while increasing age at diagnosis, marital status increased hazard for developing AIDS.
CT angiogram negative perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: is a subsequent DSA necessary? A systematic review
Authors: Mohan Midhun , Islim Abdurrahman , Dulhanty Louise , Parry-Jones Adrian , Patel Hiren
Published: July 2019

Background

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) is a benign subtype with distinct clinical-radiologic features. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard investigation for exclusion of a macrovascular cause, although increasingly more clinicians rely solely on CT angiography (CTA). The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the negative predictive value of CTA.

Methods

A systematic search in concordance with the PRISMA checklist was performed for studies published between 2000 and 2018. Studies with ≥10 adult patients diagnosed on a non-contrast brain CT with a PMSAH, who underwent a negative CTA and were subsequently subject to a DSA, were included. Simple pooled analysis was performed to inform the negative predictive value (95% CI) of CTA and the risk of DSA- and CTA-related complications.

Results

Eighteen studies (669 patients) were included. All patients were subject to at least one DSA, the first one mostly performed within 24 hours of CTA (68.6%). 144 patients (21.5%) underwent a second DSA and a third repeat DSA was performed in one patient. The overall negative predictive value of CTA was 99.0% (95% CI 97.8% to 99.5%). The risk of complications following DSA and CTA were 1.35% (3/222) and 0% (0/41), respectively.

Conclusions

Undertaking a DSA after a negative CTA may not add any further diagnostic value in patients with PMSAH and may lead to net harm. This observation needs to be validated in a large-scale prospective multicenter study with complete case ascertainment and robust data on CTA and DSA complications.
Benefit from mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with fast and slow progression
Authors: Renú Jornet Arturo , Urra Xabier , Laredo Carlos , Montejo Carmen , Rudilosso Salvatore , Llull Laura , Blasco Jordi , Amaro Sergio , Torne Ramón , Obach Victor , Macho Juan , Chamorro Angel
Published: July 2019

Objective

The rate of progression of the ischemic lesion is variable in patients with stroke. We tested the hypothesis that the tissue saving effect of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is greater in fast progressors.

Methods

A single-center cohort of consecutive patients (n=242) with occlusions of the terminal internal carotid or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery treated with MT (n=195) or best medical treatment (n=47), known time from onset, and full imaging (baseline CT perfusion and follow-up MRI) available was studied. The estimated infarct progression rate (eIPR) was calculated at baseline and patients were categorized as fast/slow progressors according to the median eIPR of 4.8 mL/hour. The primary outcome measure was the interaction between eIPR category and MT on infarct growth. The secondary outcomes assessed the effect of MT on final infarct volume and functional status in relation to the eIPR category. The safety outcomes were mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results

The eIPR category had a modifying effect (Pi=0.017) of MT on infarct growth that was significantly reduced with MT only in fast progressors (median (IQR) 3.8 mL (−11–55) vs 41 mL (11–107) with medical treatment; p=0.009, adjusted p=0.045). There was also a significant interaction on final infarct volume (Pi=0.005), with a greater reduction after MT in fast progressors. The functional status improved with MT both in fast and slow progressors, with no significant modifying effect of eIPR category (Pi=0.201). There were also no significant interactions on safety outcomes.

Conclusion

MT in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion limits infarct growth more significantly in fast progressors.
Hypersensitivity reactions to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Alakbarzade Vafa , O’Kane Declan , Pereira Anthony C
Published: July 2019

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is currently the only approved thrombolytic agent for treating acute ischaemic stroke that is widely used in clinical practice. However, it may cause haemorrhage and hypersensitivity reactions. Orolingual angioedema is an infrequent, usually mild but potentially life threatening, hypersensitivity reaction to rtPA. Our understanding of the basic biology of angioedema has increased in recent years. There is growing evidence that rtPA-induced orolingual angioedema is driven mainly by bradykinin generation rather than it being an anaphylactic response. Monitoring is important because orolingual angioedema may evolve and compromise airways and a small number do have angioedema as part of systemic anaphylaxis. There are no published guidelines for treating rtPA-induced orolingual angioedema, although some evidence suggests that those refractory to standard antianaphylactic agents may resolve with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. It is important that responses to orolingual angioedema are proportionate and that patients are closely monitored.
Deformation of a cell monolayer due to osmotic treatment: a case study of onion scale epidermis
Authors: Natonik-Białoń Sandra , Borowska-Wykręt Dorota , Mosca Gabriella , Grelowski Michał , Wrzalik Roman , Smith Richard S. , Kwiatkowska Dorota
Published: July 2019

We performed a combination of experiments and mechanical simulations to assess the importance of cell geometry and wall structure in tissue and cell mechanics. Osmotic treatments combined with live imaging were used to quantify deformations at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. We used the adaxial epidermis of onion scale as a model system. We found that the osmotically induced surface strain in onion is small because outer periclinal walls are thick and stiff, requiring bending stiffness to be considered in our mechanical models. As expected, the mechanical behaviors of the tissue and its component cells are related. Upon changes in internal pressure, cells embedded in the tissue undergo deformation that is different from isolated cells, while the tissue undergoes a somewhat counterintuitive deformation, e.g., shrinking upon pressurization, that depends on cell geometry. At the subcellular level, the amount of deformation and its anisotropy vary within the walls of individual cells, and are affected by the cell shape and vicinity of three-way wall junctions. When the turgor pressure is lost, the protoplast-facing wall surface wrinkles due to buckling, with the pattern of wrinkles depending on the strain anisotropy and the local wall geometry.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) family genes in Brassica napus
Authors: Wei Lijuan , Yang Bo , Jian Hongju , Zhang Aoxiang , Liu Ruiying , Zhu Yan , Ma Jinqi , Shi Xiangtian , Wang Rui , Li Jiana , Xu Xinfu
Published: July 2019

The hormone auxin is involved in many biological processes throughout a plant’s lifecycle. However, genes in the GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) family, one of the three major auxin-responsive gene families, have not yet been identified in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). In this study, we identified 63 BnaGH3 genes in oilseed rape using homology searches. We analyzed the chromosome locations, gene structures, and phylogenetic relationships of the BnaGH3 genes, as well as the cis-elements in their promoters. Most BnaGH3 genes are located on chromosomes A03, A09, C02, C03, and C09, each with 4–7 members. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of BnaGH3 genes in seven tissues by transcriptome sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of plants under exogenous IAA treatment. The BnaGH3 genes showed different expression patterns in various tissues. BnaA.GH3.2-1 and BnaC.GH3.2-1 were expressed in the seed and seed coat during development and in response to IAA treatment. These results shed light on the possible roles of the GH3 gene family in oilseed rape.
Families of analytic solutions for (2+1) model in unbounded domain via optimal Lie vectors with integrating factors
Authors: Sadat R. , Kassem M. M. , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: July 2019

Through the commutator table and the adjoint table between the infinitesimals, we apply two stages of Lie symmetry reduction to reduce the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation to ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). Some of these ODE’s had no quadrature. We derive several new solutions for these non-solvable ODE’s using Integrating Factors property.
An Improved Maximum a Posterior-Based Estimation Method Coping with Capture Effect for RFID Tags Identification
Authors: Zhang Liqian , Fu Xueliang , Li Honghui , Li Juan
Published: July 2019

Capture effect is a very common phenomenon in wireless channel. By using capture effect, the collision tags can be identified in a certain probability, so the identification efficiency and speed of the system can be improved. In this paper, we extend the Maximum a Posterior probability method to capture effect environment and propose a novel tag anti-collision algorithm MAPCE for RFID tags identification. The proposed algorithm can not only estimate the number of tags, but also estimate the capture effect probability. Based on the estimation, we can derive the optimal frame length in the tag identification systems. The experimental results show that when the tags’ number is larger than 600 and less than 1000, the proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity and lower estimation error rate.
Research on Human Movement Target Recognition Algorithm in Complex Traffic Environment
Authors: Zou Ying , Wang Dahu , Liu Leian
Published: July 2019

With the increase in the total population of the society and the continuous increase in the number of trips, the traffic pressures faced by people are increasing. With the development and advancement of computer technology, the emergence of intelligent transportation provides a better way to solve the problem of effectively alleviating traffic pressure and reducing the incidence of traffic accidents. In recent years, intelligent traffic monitoring system, as one of the important branches in the field of intelligent transportation, has also received more and more attention. Among them, video-based moving target recognition technology involves theoretical knowledge in various fields such as artificial intelligence, image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. It is an important means to realize “safe city” and “smart city” and a key technology for intelligent monitoring. Therefore, the research on human motion target recognition algorithm in complex traffic environment has important theoretical and practical value. In the field of intelligent traffic monitoring, the moving target detection and recognition effect of video images will have certain influence on the classification and behavior understanding of subsequent moving targets. In this paper, the commonly used moving target detection methods are studied first, and the convergence problem of the traditional Adaboost algorithm is improved. An Adaboost algorithm based on adaptive weight update is proposed, and then the support vector machine (SVM) is used. The algorithm identifies the detected moving target. Finally, through simulation experiments on the acquired video images, the results show that the proposed human motion target recognition algorithm based on adaptive weight update Adaboost and SVM has good feasibility and rationality.
Research on Pedestrian Detection and Vehicle Distance Algorithms of Electric Vehicle Based on Image Processing
Authors: Liu Jingyi
Published: July 2019

With the economic growth of our country and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, cars have begun to enter thousands of households and become a necessity for people. However, the rapid growth of the number of automobiles has led to a sustained increase in carbon dioxide emissions and a significant decline in urban air quality, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of cities. With the introduction of the national air quality protection policy, electric vehicles will eventually replace the existing fuel vehicles and become a new generation of transportation for people to travel. At the same time, the large expansion of the number of cars has increased the hidden dangers of traffic accidents. In order to ensure the safety of pedestrians, drivers are given a more intelligent driving environment. This paper presents the research of pedestrian detection and pedestrian distance algorithm based on image processing. By comparing the performance of pedestrian detection algorithm based on SSD with traditional HOG+SVM pedestrian detection algorithm, the results of pedestrian–vehicle distance calculation are detected, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are obtained. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good feasibility and practicability, and provide a good reference for the research of pedestrian detection algorithm for electric vehicles.
CO2 LASER ABLATION MICROCHANNEL BASED ON KOCH FRACTAL PRINCIPLE
Authors: CHEN XUEYE , TIAN YUE , ZHANG SHUAI
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we focussed on the processing power of CO2 laser systems and the impact of scanning speed, scanning power and number of scans on the quality of microchannels. We created microchannels which are based on the Koch fractal principle through a flexible and low-cost CO2 laser system. The processing and manufacturing method of Koch fractal micromixer on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate was also studied. The microchannel structure based on the Koch fractal principle can increase the contact area and mixing time of the fluid and improve the mixing efficiency of the micromixer. In the experiment, our speed is 2, 4 and 6[Formula: see text]mm/s, the number of scans is 2/3/4 times and the power is 4, 8 and 12[Formula: see text]W. As the power and number of scans increase and the speed decreases, the width and depth of the microchannel are changed more clearly, which contributes to the successful thermal bonding of the Koch fractal micromixer and avoids thermal bonding due to overvoltage. By comparing the experimental data, we found that the width and depth of the channel are ideal when the speed is 2[Formula: see text]mm/s, the number of scans is 4 and the power is 12[Formula: see text]W. Because of the lower cost of PMMA, the use of CO2 laser systems to fabricate microchannels on PMMA substrates will have broad application value, reduce cost and be easier to manufacture.
PICOSECOND LASER MICROMACHINING OF SILICON WAFER: CHARACTERIZATIONS AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: FANG ZHIHAO , CHEN LONGFEI , GUAN YINGCHUN , ZHENG HONGYU
Published: July 2019

This work presents the feasibility of picosecond laser micromachining of polysilicon wafer. Surface topography, microstructure and residual stress of both as-received surface and laser-machined surface were analyzed carefully by confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope and Raman microscope. Moreover, electrical properties of laser-machined wafer have been investigated to examine the effect of laser micromachining on Si substrate via characterizations of resistivity and [Formula: see text] curves. The results show that the wafer thickness has been reduced up to 50%, while the depth of HAZ is less than 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, and compressive stress can be achieved at the laser-machined surface. Besides, laser micromachining causes little influence on electrical properties of wafer. This proof-of-concept process has the potential application in mass production of integrated circuit industry.
RECOGNITION OF SEMG HAND ACTIONS BASED ON CLOUD ADAPTIVE QUANTUM CHAOS IONS MOTION ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED SVM
Authors: WANG BINGZHU , WANG CHAO , WANG LU , XIE NENGGANG , WEI WEI
Published: July 2019

In this study, in order to improve the accuracy of human hand motion pattern recognition, a novel pattern recognition method for optimizing the support vector machine (SVM) by using a cloud adaptive quantum chaos ions motion optimization (AQCIMO-SVM) algorithm is proposed. The maximum values of wavelet coefficients were extracted as feature samples from the de-noised surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, which were collected from the forearm muscles of several subjects, and then the extracted feature was inputted into an SVM to classify action recognition. In addition, the AQCIMO algorithm was applied to optimize the penalty parameters and the kernel parameters of the SVM, which are used to avoid the uncertainty and complexity of parameter selection and improve the recognition precision of the model, thus improving the model recognition accuracy. The simulation results demonstrated that the two types of movement, which included basic gestures (rest, hand grasp, hand extension, wrist down, and wrist up) and object grabbing gestures (pre-grab, grab, transport and place, release hand, and return to the original position) were successfully identified by the SVM method combined with the AQCIMO algorithm. Compared to mainstream and classic classifiers, namely, GA-SVM, PSO-SVM, and AFSA-SVM, the accuracy of the proposed method was higher by 4.2% to 8.2% than that of the aforementioned classifiers. Therefore, the AQCIMO-SVM algorithm can efficiently solve the problem of the classification of the action pattern of the sEMG signals, which has a very important practical value.