bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers and Au@AgNPs for antimicrobial activity - A mini review
Authors: Kalwar Kaleemullah , Shen Ming
Published: November 2019

Au@Ag nanoparticles decorated on cellulose paper could be worthful biomedical applications. Electrospinning technique is broadly employed for fabrication of nano and micro size fibers with a variety of biopolymers adding cellulose acetate nanofibers. Evolutions in cellulose research demonstrate that it is an anticipating material for the biomedical application. Nanofibers acquired by electrospinning technique were utilized in various biomedical applications. In this report, electrospinning of cellulose acetate, the solvent choice for cellulose acetate e-spun nanofabrication and decoration of AgNPs including shape and size for antimicrobial activity are argued.
Orenius / Erennius / Herennius Modestinus in a Lost Manuscript of Isidore: a Reappraisal of the Problem
Authors: Wibier Matthijs
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the ascription of a passage in Isidore’sDifferentiaeto the jurist Modestinus. A collection of philological notes by the humanist scholar Barthius reports the existence of a (now lost) manuscript that credited lemma 1.434 Codoñer to one Orenius, which has ever since usually been emended into Herennius (sc. Modestinus). It is possible to place this witness in the stemma of theDifferentiae.Careful study of Barthius’ reported readings from the manuscript not only indicates that it was peripheral to the tradition, but it also allows us to point out the (skilful) hand of an editor/interpolator, who may have been responsible for the addition of the name Orenius.
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: focus on the transsulfuration pathway
Authors: Berry Thomas , Abohamza Eid , Moustafa Ahmed A.
Published: November 2019

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe form of schizophrenia. The severity of illness is positively related to homocysteine levels, with high homocysteine levels due to the low activity of the transsulfuration pathway, which metabolizes homocysteine in synthesizing L-cysteine. Glutathione levels are low in schizophrenia, which indicates shortages of L-cysteine and low activity of the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels are low in schizophrenia. H2S is synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, which are the two enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway. Iron-sulfur proteins obtain sulfur from L-cysteine. The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway has various iron-sulfur proteins. With low levels of L-cysteine, iron-sulfur cluster formation will be dysregulated leading to deficits in OXPHOS in schizophrenia. Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) synthesis requires sulfur, which is obtained from L-cysteine. With low levels of MoCo synthesis, molybdenum-dependent sulfite oxidase (SUOX) will not be synthesized at appropriate levels. SUOX detoxifies sulfite from sulfur-containing amino acids. If sulfites are not detoxified, there can be sulfite toxicity. The transsulfuration pathway metabolizes selenomethionine, whereby selenium from selenomethionine can be used for selenoprotein synthesis. The low activity of the transsulfuration pathway decreases selenoprotein synthesis. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), with various GPXs being selenoprotein, is low in schizophrenia. The dysregulations of selenoproteins would lead to oxidant stress, which would increase the methylation of genes and histones leading to epigenetic changes in TRS. An add-on treatment to mainline antipsychotics is proposed for TRS that targets the dysregulations of the transsulfuration pathway and the dysregulations of other pathways stemming from the transsulfuration pathway being dysregulated.
Serum NOX-2 concentrations and paraoxanase-1 activity in subclinical hypothyroidism: a pilot study
Authors: Duman Gülhan , Doğan Halef Okan
Published: November 2019

Objective

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders. Although recent data suggest an imbalanced oxidative status in SH, the mechanisms of increased oxidative stress are poorly figured out. The primary goal of this research was to analyze potential sources of ROS and the relationship between serum NOX-2 levels and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in SH. Serum lipid changes in SH patients which had been determined were compared to healthy control group.

Materials and methods

Thirty-one patients diagnosed with SH and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The quantitative sandwich ELISA was used for the detection of serum NOX-2 levels. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine serum PON-1 activity.

Results

Higher median serum NOX-2 levels were determined in patients than in the control group (p = 0.004). Lower median serum PON-1 activity was determined in patients as to aforementioned control group (p < 0.0001). As a consequence, no statistically remarkable correlation was identified between PON-1 activity and NOX-2 levels. Triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined as superior in patients to control group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Over-production of NOX-2 and decreased PON-1 activity contribute to the increased oxidative stress in SH patients. Larger prospective studies required to confirm these findings.
Preparation and structure of 4-(dimethylamino)thiopivalophenone – intermolecular interactions in the crystal
Authors: Voss Jürgen , Buddensiek Dirk , Adiwidjaja Gunadi
Published: November 2019

4-(Dimethylamino)thiopivalophenone was prepared from 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline, pivalonitrile and carbon disulfide. Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The experimentally determined bond distances, bond angles and torsion angles are indicative of a significant contribution of a dipolar (“quinodimethane”) resonance structure to the electron distribution in the molecule. Quantum chemical calculations corroborate these results. The calculations, furthermore, provide an explanation of the arrangement of the molecules in the crystal.
Effects of Combined Resistance Plus Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity, and Renal Function in Kidney Transplantation Subjects
Authors: Lima Paulo S. , de Campos Alexandre S. , de Faria Neto Omar , Ferreira Teresa C.A. , Amorim Carlos E.N. , Stone Whitley J. , Prestes Jonato , Garcia Alessandra M.C. , Urtado Christiano B.
Published: November 2019

Lima, PS, de Campos, AS, de Faria Neto, O, Ferreira, TCA, Amorim, CEN, Stone, WJ, Prestes, J, Garcia, AMC, and Urtado, CB. Effects of combined resistance plus aerobic training on body composition, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function in kidney transplantation subjects. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3243–3250, 2021—Immunosuppression and a sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate complications such as early graft dysfunction and muscle loss, and reduce patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body composition (BC), muscular strength, aerobic, and renal function in KT subjects submitted to combined resistance plus aerobic training. Twelve KT subjects were randomly assigned into groups: (G1) 12 weeks of combined training (3 males and 4 females, 54 ± 3 years); or (G2) nonexercise control (5 females, 43 ± 18 years). The subjects were evaluated for BC (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), estimated V̇o
2peak, right-hand maximal grip strength (RHMGS) and left-hand maximal grip strength (LHMGS), and renal function. Post-training revealed that G1 reduced body fat percentage (p = 0.046), uric acid (Δ = −0.87; p = 0.023), urea (Δ = −9.43; p = 0.032), and creatinine (Δ = −0.15; p = 0.045), increased fat-free mass, estimated V̇o
2peak, RHMGS, LHMGS (p < 0.05), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Δ = 11.64; p = 0.017). G2 increased urea (Δ = 8.20; p = 0.017), creatinine (Δ = 0.37; p = 0.028), and decreased eGFR (Δ = −16.10; p = 0.038). After 12 weeks, urea (Δ = 24.94; p = 0.013), uric acid (Δ = 1.64; p = 0.044), and creatinine (Δ = 0.9; p = 0.011) were lower, whereas eGFR (Δ = 36.51; p = 0.009) was higher in G1. These data indicate that combined training instigates positive changes in BC, muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function after KT.
Voluntary Muscle Relaxation Can Mitigate Fatigue and Improve Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Pinto Brendan L. , McGill Stuart M.
Published: November 2019

Pinto, BL and McGill, SM. Voluntary muscle relaxation can mitigate fatigue and improve countermovement jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1525–1529, 2020—When muscles contract, they create force and stiffness. Thus, muscle activation and relaxation must be strategically sequenced to coordinate and control movement, to enhance athletic variables such as speed and strength. However, research has favored investigation of muscle activation over relaxation. Athletes such as runners, swimmers, and boxers often shake their limbs to allow the muscle to oscillate freely, immediately before a bout. The purpose was to investigate whether shaking the lower limbs with the intention to voluntarily relax the muscles of the limb has an effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Subjects performed 10 maximal effort CMJs with 30 seconds of rest between each jump. During the rest period, they either performed the relaxation technique or control condition (standing still). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Subjects significantly improved jump height, compared with their first jump of the day, when performing the relaxation technique. To further investigate the mechanism of enhancement, subjects were grouped into responders and nonresponders. The responder group significantly decreased their jump height and concentric phase impulse (relative to the first jump) during the control condition compared with the nonresponder group, indicating fatigue. When performing the relaxation technique, the responder group improved their jump height and mitigated fatigue by significantly increasing their unweighting impulse and unweighting force. The relaxation technique improved CMJ performance, specifically in those that fatigue with consecutive bouts, by enhancing unweighting, that requires muscle relaxation, rather than propulsion that requires activation. This technique can be useful for training or competition.
Métodos de dimensionamento de reservatórios para armazenamento de água pluvial no município de Bento Gonçalves (RS)
Authors: Favretto Carliana Rouse , Castro Andréa Souza , Quadro Maurizio Silveira , Leandro Diuliana , Damé Rita de Cássia Fraga
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o dimensionamento de reservatório de água da chuva através da aplicação de diferentes métodos disponíveis na NBR 15527:2007: Método de Rippl, Análise de Simulação e Métodos Práticos Brasileiro, Alemão, Inglês e Australiano, para uma empresa de transporte urbano do município de Bento Gonçalves (RS) que utiliza esta água para a lavagem de seus veículos. A captação é realizada por meio dos telhados da empresa, a demanda mensal é de 337,50 m³ e os dados de precipitação do município compreendem um período de 13 anos. A aplicação dos métodos apresentaram grandes variações de volumes para os reservatórios, sendo que as perdas de água por extravasamento resultaram aproximadamente 15% para todo o período analisado e a eficiência do sistema não ultrapassou 57% uma vez que a mesma é dependente do tamanho da área de captação. A escolha do melhor volume varia de acordo com os interesses do empreendimento (uso, espaço disponível, poder de investimento, etc.). Contudo é possível afirmar que a aplicação do sistema promove redução do consumo de água potável para usos mais nobres e economia com referente aos gastos com abastecimento de água.
DIAGNÓTICO SOBRE A AGRICULTURA DE PRECISÃO NA REGIÃO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Vellar Retiele , Gadotti Prof.ª Dr.ª Gizele Ingrid , Da Luz Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria Laura Gomes Silva
Published: November 2019

A Zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul tem suas bases socioeconômicas tradicionais no setor primário como a soja e o arroz, utiliza a eletrônica embarcada na sua atividade agrícola com o uso de máquinas, sensores, atuadores, softwares e sistemas de informações geográficas via satélites (GPS/GNSS), com o objetivo de monitorar a operação das máquinas, realizar o controle automático e registrar dados para análise posterior. Dessa forma podemos definir a Agricultura de Precisão (AP) como sendo uma filosofia de gerenciamento agrícola que busca uma maneira de gerir um campo produtivo metro a metro. Com o objetivo de identificar e diagnosticar a real situação da agricultura de Precisão na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, selecionamos aleatoriamente 38 produtores de um universo de 100 para realizarmos uma pesquisa de opinião com nível de segurança de 95% de confiança que possibilitou uma nova percepção sobre a Agricultura de Precisão na região em estudo. Das descobertas mais relevantes observadas foram o nível da assistência técnica nessa área e o desconhecimento do uso dos equipamentos com a tecnologia de AP.
ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA ADEQUAÇÃO E REVITALIZAÇÃO DE UMA AGROINDÚSTRIA DE CACHAÇA ARTESANAL
Authors: ZANELLA MARCO ANTONIO , DA ROSA DOMINGUES NETO JAIME , GOMES SILVA DA LUZ MARIA LAURA , Gadotti Gizele Ingrid , SILVEIRA DA LUZ CARLOS ALBERTO
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho foi um estudo de caso em uma empresa familiar que produz cachaça desde 1945 e vem passando de geração em geração. No início de sua história, a cachaça era reconhecida pelo sabor e a coloração azul, cor que provinha de uma técnica peculiar. O preparo da cachaça azul consiste em adicionar um galho de bergamota na cabeça do alambique. A atual produção de cachaça é comercializada no mercado informal e consiste numa atividade complementar à renda do produtor rural. Este projeto teve o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade da adequação de uma agroindústria de pequeno porte, localizado no interior do município de Cristal que produzirá 3500 L/ano de cachaça, sendo 30% da produção envelhecida em pipas de carvalho. A adequação da produção visa à conformidade com o Decreto No 4.062, de 21 de dezembro de 2001 (conhecido como Lei de Cachaça) e a Instrução Normativa No 13, de 29 de junho de 2005 e a Instrução Normativa No 15, de 31 de março de 2011. O estudo de viabilidade técnica das adequações da agroindústria de cachaça artesanal apresentou viabilidade, mostrando que pequenas adequações podem permitir o enquadramento de um produtor artesanal nas especificações legais. O estudo de viabilidade econômica da agroindústria de cachaça artesanal apresentou taxas internas de retorno (TIR) distintas nos diferentes cenários, demonstrando a sensibilidade da variação do preço da cachaça na viabilidade do projeto. Comparados com uma TMA de 14%, os cenários apresentaram condições de viabilizar o projeto. Com o preço de venda de R$ 23,00 para a cachaça tipo Prata e de R$ 34,12 para a tipo Premium, o projeto equilibrou as finanças, determinando assim o preço mínimo de comercialização para a quantidade produzida. Considerando o IPI há uma redução da TIR para 18%.
Does Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation Causes Sex Differences in Schizophrenia-Related Behavioral Outcomes in Adult Rats?
Authors: Carney Rosalind S.E.
Published: November 2019

Highlighted Research Paper:Maternal Immune Activation during Pregnancy Alters the Behavior Profile of Female Offspring of Sprague Dawley Rats, by Brittney R. Lins, Wendie N. Marks, Nadine K. Zabder, Quentin Greba, and John G. Howland
Graded Coexpression of Ion Channel, Neurofilament, and Synaptic Genes in Fast-Spiking Vestibular Nucleus Neurons
Authors: Kodama Takashi , Gittis Aryn H. , Shin Minyoung , Kelleher Keith , Kolkman Kristine E. , McElvain Lauren , Lam Minh , du Lac Sascha
Published: November 2019

Computations that require speed and temporal precision are implemented throughout the nervous system by neurons capable of firing at very high rates, rapidly encoding and transmitting a rich amount of information, but with substantial metabolic and physical costs. For economical fast spiking and high throughput information processing, neurons need to optimize multiple biophysical properties in parallel, but the mechanisms of this coordination remain unknown. We hypothesized that coordinated gene expression may underlie the coordinated tuning of the biophysical properties required for rapid firing and signal transmission. Taking advantage of the diversity of fast-spiking cell types in the medial vestibular nucleus of mice of both sexes, we examined the relationship between gene expression, ionic currents, and neuronal firing capacity. Across excitatory and inhibitory cell types, genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels responsible for depolarizing and repolarizing the action potential were tightly coexpressed, and their absolute expression levels increased with maximal firing rate. Remarkably, this coordinated gene expression extended to neurofilaments and specific presynaptic molecules, providing a mechanism for coregulating axon caliber and transmitter release to match firing capacity. These findings suggest the presence of a module of genes, which is coexpressed in a graded manner and jointly tunes multiple biophysical properties for economical differentiation of firing capacity. The graded tuning of fast-spiking capacity by the absolute expression levels of specific ion channels provides a counterexample to the widely held assumption that cell-type-specific firing patterns can be achieved via a vast combination of different ion channels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough essential roles of fast-spiking neurons in various neural circuits have been widely recognized, it remains unclear how neurons efficiently coordinate the multiple biophysical properties required to maintain high rates of action potential firing and transmitter release. Taking advantage of diverse fast-firing capacities among medial vestibular nucleus neurons of mice, we identify a group of ion channel, synaptic, and structural genes that exhibit mutually correlated expression levels, which covary with firing capacity. Coexpression of this fast-spiking gene module may be a basic strategy for neurons to efficiently and coordinately tune the speed of action potential generation and propagation and transmitter release at presynaptic terminals.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ULTRASOUND POWERS TREATMENT ON SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SARDINES (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) PACKED IN VACUUM PACKAGING
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Hatice , ARAS HİSAR Şükriye , GÜNDÜZ Fettah
Published: November 2019

In this study, the effect of
different ultrasound powers treatment (200 W/L, 300 W/L, 500 W/L) on the
chemical, microbiological and physical quality parameters of sardine fillets (Sardina
pilchardus W.,1972) packed in vacuum packaging were investigated. The
determination of quality parameters were studied to be performed by using pH,
TVB-N, TBAR’s analyses and various microbiological analyses and by evaluating
texture properties and water activity changes in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14th day of storage. Consequently, it was observed to use of 200 W/L
ultrasound delayed microbial spoilage and gave better results compared to the
other groups in terms of hardness of product (P <0.05). The fact that
use of ultrasound technology in seafood didn't effect negatively connective
tissue of product and had positive effect on microbial load show that this
technology can be developed and used in seafood.
Art, Judaism, and the Critique of Fascism in the Work of Ernst Cassirer
Authors: Kahn Victoria
Published: November 2019

This essay argues that Ernst Cassirer’s thinking about the spontaneity of form-giving in the creation of art, which he allies to the ethical dimension of Judaism, informs his critique of fascism in The Myth of the State. Aesthetics, for Cassirer, is not divorced from politics but one of its conditions of possibility.
Powers of the Script
Authors: Lentacker Antoine
Published: November 2019

For all their concern with the nature of medical authority, historians of medicine have paid remarkably little attention to the history of the medical script, the main medium in and through which the doctor’s authority is enacted. This essay analyzes the medical prescription as an instance of a written performative. While focusing on the changing uses of one particular documentary genre in turn-of-the-twentieth-century France, it seeks to outline a broader theory of graphic performativity, or of the conditions under which the symbolic power of the oral performance is transferred and transformed as it is transcribed on paper.
Identification of exosomal miRNA biomarkers for diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer by small RNA sequencing
Authors: Dai Daofeng , Tan Yawen , Guo Liangfeng , Tang Aifa , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: November 2019

Context

Exosomal miRNAs are considered potential non-invasive biomarkers for thyroid cancer. However, the global exosomal miRNAs profile for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been revealed.

Objective

This study investigated the diagnostic value of plasma and serum exosomal miRNAs for PTC.

Methods

Plasma and serum samples were collected from ten patients with benign thyroid nodules and 17 with PTC for small RNA sequencing. Plasma samples were collected from two independent cohorts, including 119 patients with PTC, 51 healthy people and 82 patients with benign thyroid nodules, for validation by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results

Small RNA sequencing identified 41 putative exosomal miRNA biomarkers for PTC. Twelve miRNAs were selected for validation. miR-376a-3p, miR-4306, miR-4433a-5p, and miR-485-3p expression significantly increased in patients with PTC compared to that in healthy people and patients with benign thyroid nodules (P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, miR-485-3p and miR-4433a-5p presented larger areas under the curve (AUCs). The high expression of exosomal miR-485-3p correlated with tumor size greater than or equal to 1 cm, advanced clinical stage, extrathyroidal extension, BRAF mutation, and lymph node metastasis. Besides, miR-485-3p exhibited the highest AUCs in diagnosing PTC patients with high-risk factors.

Conclusions

Plasma exosomal miR-485-3p and miR-4433a-5p might serve as biomarkers for PTC diagnosis. Plasma exosomal miR-485-3p could enable discrimination between high-risk and low-risk PTC.
Differences in the link between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat in men of Black African and White European ethnicity
Authors: Bello Oluwatoyosi , Ladwa Meera , Hakim Olah , Marathe Chinmay , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Charles-Edwards Geoff , Peacock Janet L , Umpleby A Margot , Amiel Stephanie A , Goff Louise M
Published: November 2019

Objectives

In men of black west African (BAM) and white European (WEM) ethnicity, we aimed to (1) compare adipose tissue, peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and (2) investigate associations between ectopic fat and insulin sensitivity by ethnicity.

Design and methods

In overweight BAM (n = 21) and WEM (n = 23) with normal glucose tolerance, we performed a two-step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp with infusion of [6,6 2H2]-glucose and [2H5]-glycerol to measure whole body, peripheral, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (lipolysis). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids were measured using MRI and spectroscopy. Associations between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient by ethnicity and regression analysis.

Results

There were no ethnic differences in whole body or tissue-specific insulin sensitivity (all P
 > 0.05). Suppression of lipolysis was inversely associated with VAT and IHL in WEM but not BAM (VAT: WEM r = −0.68, P < 0.01; BAM r = 0.07, P = 0.79. IHL: WEM r = −0.52, P = 0.01; BAM r = −0.12, P = 0.63). IMCL was inversely associated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.56, P < 0.01; BAM r = −0.09, P = 0.75) and IHL was inversely associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.53, P = 0.02; BAM r = −0.13, P = 0.62).

Conclusions

Ectopic fat deposition may play a lesser role in reducing insulin sensitivity in men of black African ethnicity and may not be driven by lipolysis. Resistance to storing VAT, IHL and IMCL may enable men of black African ethnicity to maintain comparable insulin sensitivity to white Europeans.
Marginal situation its structure and social community
Authors: Butylina Olena
Published: November 2019

Points of view to attribute (definition) of ideas and phenomenon of marginal situation were analyzed in this article and its structure elements were marked. Author forms behavior strategies of social persons in marginal situation and make conclusion is about marginal social consequence on the level of the public and on the individual level, characterizing marginality as condition of periphery sojourn identified or group are in limits of behavior of social persons.
Jobs creation in Ukraine: socio-economic principles and mechanisms of adjusting of employment of population
Authors: Zhovnir Svitlana
Published: November 2019

The changes of socio-economic principles of employment are described in the conditions of transition from command-administrative to the market system.
Measures are developed for the increase of employment of population in Ukraine.
Decent work as the factor of building up of socially oriented economy in Ukraine
Authors: Rudakova Svitlana
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the problems of decent work in Ukraine in terms of its impact on the development of social oriented economy. Main directions in providing decent work are productive employment, decent payment and safe labor conditions.
The prospects of complex approach are proved and directions of realization of a decent work approach in Ukraine are grounded.
Unifying potential of modern political myth
Authors: Shayhorodskyy Yuri
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the study of modern processes of mythological impact on mass consciousness. The expediency of the use of consolidating and mobilizing potential of political myth for progressive social changes is proved.
Social and political situation in Ukraine according to the public opinion: March 2012
Authors: Balakireva Olga , Dmytruk Dmytro
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of monitoring research of public opinion of Ukraine’s population about socio-political mood and electoral orientations in dynamics.
Perception of social initiatives of the president V. Yanukovych
Authors: Balakireva Olga
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of regular research of public opinion of Ukraine’s population about the perception of social initiatives of the President of Ukraine V. Yanukovych, including among different groups of population.
Ethical Issues in Newborn Sequencing Research: The Case Study of BabySeq
Authors: Ross Lainie Friedman , Clayton Ellen Wright
Published: November 2019

The BabySeq Project is a study funded by the National Institutes of Health and aimed at exploring the medical, behavioral, and economic impacts of integrating genomic sequencing into the care of both healthy newborns and newborns who are sick. Infants were randomly assigned to receive standard of care or standard of care plus sequencing. The protocol and consent specified that only childhood-onset conditions would be returned. When 1 child was found to carry a BRCA2 mutation despite a negative family history, the research team experienced moral distress about nondisclosure and sought institutional review board permission to disclose. The protocol was then modified to require participants to agree to receive results for adult-onset-only conditions as a precondition to study enrollment. The BabySeq team asserted that their new protocol was in the child’s best interest because having one’s parents alive and well provides both an individual child benefit and a “family benefit.” We begin with a short description of BabySeq and the controversy regarding predictive genetic testing of children for adult-onset conditions. We then examine the ethical problems with (1) the revised BabySeq protocol and (2) the concept of family benefit as a justification for the return of adult-onset-only conditions. We reject family benefit as a moral reason to expand genomic sequencing of children beyond conditions that present in childhood. We also argue that researchers should design their pediatric studies to avoid, when possible, identifying adult-onset-only genetic variants and that parents should not be offered the return of this information if discovered unless relevant for the child’s current or imminent health.
Who wants violence? The political economy of conflict and state building in Colombia
Authors: Fergusson Leopoldo
Published: November 2019

I propose three broad sets of political economy underpinnings for the persistence of conflict and the weak state. First, a “public goods trap” rooted in inequality implies that a low supply of, and demand for, public goods reinforce each other. Second, economic and political rents create vested interests in the status quo. Political rents are particularly problematic, partly because reformers face a curse of dimensionality: many things have to work well for state capacity and stable peace to consolidate. Finally, a very clientelistic pattern of political exchange consolidates a weak state, and weak states are fertile ground for clientelism.
Evaluation of the urban space of Janów Lubelski for the needs of tourism function
Authors: Ziernicka-Wojtaszek Agnieszka , Jargieła Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

The aim of the present work is the evaluation of Janów Lubelski’s urban space for the needs of tourism function, carried out using the method of point bonitation based on inventory conducted in the field, the analysis of thematic maps available on the geoportal.gov.pl website, as well as of subject literature and strategic documents. The qualities of the natural and anthropogenic environment as well as tourist infrastructure and development were analysed in detail. A survey was conducted among the residents, on the attractiveness of the city space. Based on the city’s valorisation thus conducted, on the indication of the most valuable natural assets, as well as the analysis of strategic documents and survey results, it was found that Janów Lubelski is an attractive destination in terms of tourism development. The Zalew Janowski (Janów Reservoir) is the most attractive and the most developed tourist site in the area.
OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR CAROTENOIDS EXTRACTION FROM SHRIMP WASTE USING ORGANIC SOLVENT
Authors: Ha Le Thanh , Thang Le Duy
Published: November 2019

In this study, factors affecting the extraction yield of carotenoids from dry shrimp waste by organic solvents such as ratio of hexane / acetone, ratio of solvent / shrimp waste, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction method such as dynamic or static have been studied. The results showed that the solvent ratio hexane: acetone = 3: 1 gave the highest carotenoid yield. In this ratio of solvent’s mixture, the yield reached highest at temperature 60 °C for 2 hours, which was 44,64 µg / g raw shrimp waste (d.b.) (ratio of solvent to raw material 3/1). Ultrasound or vortexing gave higher extraction yield than in static conditions, which was 1.5- to 1.8- fold increase, respectively. At the ratio of solvent: dried shrimp = 4: 1, the amount of carotenoid recovered at 60°C for 2 hours reached 57.4 µg / g. However, if the shrimp waste was hydrolyzed with Alcalase at 50°C for 4 hours before extraction by solvent, the amount of carotenoid recovered achieved 149 µg / g of raw material
WHEY PROTEIN ADDITION TO FACILITATE ACCELERATION OF YOGHURT FERMENTATION
Authors: Chính Nghia Nguyen , Thu Trang Vu , Van Duong Do
Published: November 2019

Whey proteins were present in appropriate proportion in milk, during heat-treatment at pasteurization temperatures; whey proteins and casein have the ability to form firm gel of uniform porosity through heat-induced protein-protein interactions. In this study, the addition of whey proteins in fresh milk were carry out to investigate whether whey protein would accelerate yoghurt fermentation time and facilitate the yoghurt structure. The results indicated that the addition of whey concentrate 80 increased the water retention capacity of the final product. Whey protein concentrate 80 supplement at the content of 0.8% shortened fermentation time for the product 12.5%. The addition of whey protein also improved the properties of water retention until 26%, viscosity and structure of yoghurt products.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Sarcopenia in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aleixo Gabriel F.P. , Shachar Shlomit S. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Muss Hyman B. , Battaglini Claudio L. , Williams Grant R.
Published: November 2019

Background

The loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, is a natural process of aging that is associated with adverse health outcomes regardless of age. Because cancer is a disease of aging, interest in sarcopenia and its potential impact in multiple cancer populations has increased significantly. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a guideline-accepted method for sarcopenia detection. This systematic review assesses the literature pertaining to BIA use in the detection of sarcopenia in adults with cancer.

Materials and Methods

In this systematic review, a search of the literature for randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE, through July 15, 2019. The study is registered at Prospero (CRD 42019130707). For study inclusion, patients had to be aged 18 years or older and diagnosed with solid or hematological neoplasia, and BIA had to be used to detect sarcopenia.

Results

Through our search strategy, 5,045 articles were identified, of which 24 studies were selected for inclusion in the review (total number of 3,607 patients). In five studies, BIA was rated comparable to axial computed tomography (CT) scan, calf circumference, or grip strength for sarcopenia screening. In 14 studies, BIA-identified sarcopenia was associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

BIA is an accurate method for detecting sarcopenia in adults with cancer prior to treatment and is a viable alternative to CT, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging in oncology clinical practice.
Sustainable mortars containing fly ash, glass powder and blast-furnace and lead-smelter slag
Authors: Gholampour Aliakbar , Ozbakkaloglu Togay , Etemadi Elahe , Vincent Thomas
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to develop sustainable concrete using waste products to reduce both the carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production and the extraction of non-renewable natural resources. The development of the new sustainable concrete involved the replacement of cement with industrial by-products (fly ash, glass powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) and the replacement of natural river sand (NS) with waste-based sand (lead-smelter slag (LSS)). Twenty-four batches of mortar mixes were produced and tests were performed to determine the flowability, compressive strength and direct tensile strength of each batch. Microstructural analysis was undertaken to explain the experimentally obtained properties of the mortars. The compressive and tensile strengths of waste-based mortars containing LSS were found to be similar to those of mortars containing NS. Mortars with 80% replacement of cement with GGBS and 100% replacement of NS with LSS showed minimal strength reduction (4%) compared with the conventional mortar. The strength reductions of the waste-based mortars compared with the conventional mortar increased at 90% and 100% cement replacement levels, but remained limited to approximately 20% (at 90% GGBS) and 30% (at 100% GGBS). The findings of this study are promising and point to the potential development of new structural-grade mortars using full or near-full replacement of cement with industrial by-products and full replacement of NS with waste-based sand.
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Experience Economy
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Chang Seo-Hee
Published: November 2019

Pine and Gilmore suggested that industry revenue proportionally increases according to consumers' pleasure associated with their experience, which is rooted in the theory of experienced utility, assuming an irrational and emotional decision-maker. To empirically study the aforementioned assumption, Chang, in a series of studies, mea31 48sured the monetary values of tangible and intangible hospitality and tourism products perceived by consumers. However, the findings of her studies were different from what Pine and Gilmore assumed in the experience economy, revealing that the monetary value of the service economy was greater than that of the experience economy. Nevertheless, the results showed that the perceived loss value of the experience economy was greater than its gain value. In addition, there were some variations in the loss and gain values of the experience economy by regional cultures. Therefore, to explore the likelihood of cultural differences influencing the experience economy, this study established a framework (collectivism vs. individualism, context-related vs. context-free, and prevention-oriented vs. promotion-oriented) for a cross-cultural comparison of the experience economy. The experience economy was discussed in the hospitality and tourism context by using the framework. It is expected that this conceptual paper will contribute to developing future empirical studies.
Meyer dysplasia in children’s connective-tissue disorders phenotype (the results of observation in the Municipal Children’s Polyclinic №2, Stavropol city)
Authors: Vorotnikov A. A. , Zakota D. Y. , Saneeva G. A. , Airapetov G. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The research of the prevalence, nosological structure, clinical presentations, and pathogenetic features of different forms of coxal epiphyseal pathology including Meyer dysplasia in small children based on the results of clinical and instrumental observation on outpatient orthopedic admission.

Material and methods. In 12,000 children from 0 to 5 years, an orthopedic examination was conducted with an assessment of external dysmorphogenetic signs of connective tissue dysplasia, an ultrasonic examination of hip joints, an in-depth X-ray examination. The step-by-step examination algorithm was structured and detailed according to the presence and severity of the coxal region pathology, childrens age.

Conclusion. The combination of dysplastic phenotype with joints formation inhibition in children aged 1 year is a predictor of Mayers dysplasia and must be the reason for a detailed examination of the hip joints with use of visual diagnostic methods.
Dynamic fixation of the lumbar spine dynamic fixation of the lumbar spine
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Kalinin A. A. , Pestryakov Yu. Ya. , Aliev M. A.
Published: November 2019

The review of modern literature data on the use of dynamic fixation in degenerative diseases of intervertebral discs and facet joints of the lumbar spine is presented. The frequent cause of temporary loss of working ability and primary disability, poor results of conservative treatment for degenerative changes in the lumbar segments stipulate the high medical and social significance of this problem. Quite often the use of classical decompression techniques and rigid fusion does not eliminate clinical symptoms on account of pseudarthrosis formation in the operated segment and significant degeneration development in the adjacent one. The use of dynamic implants is aimed at restoring spatial segmental relationships with the preservation of natural biomechanics of the spine. Taking into consideration the variety of constructions and the high rate of their introduction into practice, the literature data present conflicting information on the results of their application. The authors expound modem data on the clinical results and instrumental potentialities of various dynamic devices application. The topical unsolved issues that necessitate the conduction of long-term multicenter clinical studies on the management of this pathology are identified.
Species diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in parks of Kyiv
Authors: Radchenko V. , Honchar H.
Published: November 2019

Wild bee populations – important pollinators of many plants – are threatened with extinction due to reduced food resources, destruction of
nesting sites and habitat fragmentation.

The aim of this study is to determine the species diversity of wild bees in the parks of Kyiv. During the 2012-2017 spring-summer seasons a comprehensive study of the species composition and diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) was investigated. 115 wild bee species of 6 families and 34 genera have been found. Only 39 species among them were found in all parks and the common species are noted: Colletes cunicularius, Hylaeus communis, Andrena flavipes, Evylaeus calceatus, E. malachurus, E. politus, Anthophora plumipes, Bombus lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum. The proportions of species within each ecological group stay constant, except for the small decrease in oligolectic species. In all parks the ground-nesting bees are dominated. Bees that build nests in a different substrate (tree cavities, hollow plant stems, empties, holes, walls of buildings, and like) make up only 20 %. In general, on the territories of urban parks we have registered wild bees on the plants of more than 100 species from the families Asteraceaе, Fabaceaе, Lamiaceae, Rosaceaе. It should be noted, that ornamental flowering vegetation plays a significant role in wild bees nutrition in the city conditions. In some city parks we have found three species of wild bees that included in the Red Book of Ukraine: Bombus argillaceus, Xylocopa valga and Andrena chrysopus.

The results of our study show that city parks are important for the conservation of wild bee populations, and the main conditions for this are the availability of flower sources and nesting sites.
Development of methodological approaches to the purification of target proteins from marine hydrobionts of Antarctic region
Authors: Abramova M. , Raksha N.
Published: November 2019

Enzymes from organisms that are adapted to the existence at low temperatures attract significant attention of scientists as a perspective objects not only on a practical point of view, but also as a valuable tools for conducting basic research. This is due to unusual environmental conditions (low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, low illumination), as well as a significant level of economic profitability due to the widespread of marine hydrobionts and high efficiency of psychrophilic enzymes in comparison with their mesophilic and thermophilic analogues. The expediency of using the hydrobionts of the Antarctic region Parborlasia corrugatus and Sterechinus neumayeri as a source for producing individual enzymes was indicated by the results of electrophoretic analysis of enzymes from hydrobionts tissues extract, so it was concluded that the total extract contained a number of enzymes that were active with gelatin and fibrinogen. As a result of a combination of several chromatographic stages, which included affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose 6 FF column and size exclusion chromatography on Superdex 75 PG and Superdex 200 PG columns, from the total hydrobiont tissue extract were obtained fractions of hydrolytic enzymes. From the total tissues extract of both hydrobionts
which was explored were isolated 4 fractions which showed gelatinase activity. Also from the tissues of Sterechinus neumayeri a fraction containing high-molecular enzymes capable of cleaving fibrinogen was isolated. The developed method of two-stage chromatography can be used further as a basis for optimizing the obtaining of enzymes of a similar spectrum of action from other objects.
Simulation-aided time-reversal analysis for defect reconstruction in anisotropic materials
Authors: Mizota H , Nagashima Y , Amano Y , Nakahata K
Published: November 2019

A simulation-aided defect reconstruction method using an ultrasonic time-reversal approach that uses elastic constants determined by ultrasonic field data is proposed. Scattered waves from a defect are recorded using an array probe on a polystyrene wedge and the time-reversed waves
are re-emitted in a finite element simulation. The target defect in these experiments is an electrical discharge machined slit in unidirectionally solidified SUS316L stainless steel. For the time-reversal analysis, two kinds of elastic constant of SUS316L derived from an electromagnetic acoustic
resonance (EMAR) method and a laser scanning ultrasonic visualisation method are used. The through-wall extent of the electrical discharge machined slit can be visually estimated from the focal point of the ultrasonic wave in the numerical model using the elastic constants determined by the
laser ultrasonic method. This provides a proof of principle that the method is working.
Sensitivity Analysis for Finite‐Difference Seismic Basin Modeling: A Case Study for Kinburn Basin, Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Amin , Motazedian Dariush
Published: November 2019

We used a finite‐difference modeling method to investigate the sensitivity of the ground‐motion simulation results to the main input parameters, including the source model, regional path properties, and local site conditions. We used a spectral frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz for the Kinburn bedrock topographic basin, Ottawa, Canada, for the Ladysmith earthquake (Mw 4.7).

Some findings are known facts; however, the unique geophysical conditions in the Ottawa area, such as the high contrast between the shear‐wave velocities of the bedrock and the shear‐wave velocity of the soil, were the reason for a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. Using a Gaussian source function with a short half‐duration increased the peak ground velocities (PGVs) and the amplitude of the velocity Fourier spectrum. Relaxation times and relaxation coefficients for the viscoelastic simulation significantly increased the amplitude of later arrivals at the soil site, which, consequently, led to an increase in PGV, the amplitude of the pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) ratio, and the velocity Fourier spectrum for a small earthquake. Employing a small soil Q model damped a significant amount of energy of the waves in the basin; thus, PGV, the PSA of soil to rock ratios, and the velocity Fourier spectrum were dependent on the soil Q model. Also, using a high‐velocity contrast between soil and rock increased PGVs and the amplitude of the PSA of the soil to rock ratios, whereas the frequency content of the waves shifted toward lower frequencies. Using a finite‐fault source model for a scenario large earthquake (Mw 7) significantly reduced the PGV values relative to a point‐source model. Using nonlinear‐viscoelastic simulation for a large earthquake (Mw 7) reduced the amplitude of the later arrivals and the amplitude of the PSA of the soil to rock ratios, and shifted the frequency content of waves toward lower frequency.