bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth weight and diazoxide unresponsiveness strongly predict the likelihood of congenital hyperinsulinism due to a mutation in ABCC8 or KCNJ11
Authors: Hewat Thomas I , Yau Daphne , Jerome Joseph C S , Laver Thomas W , Houghton Jayne A L , Shields Beverley M , Flanagan Sarah E , Patel Kashyap A
Published: October 2021

Objective

Mutations in the KATP channel genes, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, are the most common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. The diagnosis of KATP-hyperinsulinism is important for the clinical management of the condition. We aimed to determine the clinical features that help to identify KATP-hyperinsulinism at diagnosis.

Design

We studied 761 individuals with KATP-hyperinsulinism and 862 probands with hyperinsulinism of unknown aetiology diagnosed before 6 months of age. All were referred as part of routine clinical care.

Methods

We compared the clinical features of KATP-hyperinsulinism and unknown hyperinsulinism cases. We performed logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify the features that predict KATP-hyperinsulinism.

Results

Higher birth weight, diazoxide unresponsiveness and diagnosis in the first week of life were independently associated with KATP-hyperinsulinism (adjusted odds ratio: 4.5 (95% CI: 3.4–5.9), 0.09 (0.06–0.13) and 3.3 (2.0–5.0) respectively). Birth weight and diazoxide unresponsiveness were additive and highly discriminatory for identifying KATP-hyperinsulinism (ROC area under the curve for birth weight 0.80, diazoxide responsiveness 0.77, and together 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.90). In this study, 86% born large for gestation and 78% born appropriate for gestation and who did not respond to diazoxide treatment had KATP-hyperinsulinism. In contrast, of those individuals born small for gestation, none who were diazoxide responsive and only 4% of those who were diazoxide unresponsive had KATP-hyperinsulinism.

Conclusions

Individuals with hyperinsulinism born appropriate or large for gestation and unresponsive to diazoxide treatment are most likely to have an ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutation. These patients should be prioritised for genetic testing of KATP channel genes.
Animal consumption and social change: the vertebrates from Ditch 7 in the context of a diachronic approach to the faunal remains at Perdigões enclosure (3400-2000 BC)
Authors: ALMEIDA NELSON J. , VALERA ANTÓNIO CARLOS
Published: October 2021

The results from the study of the faunal assemblage from ditch 7 of the Perdigões enclosure (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) are presented. Dated to the Chalcolithic and the transition to the early Bronze Age it comprises a total of 3380 remains. Results show the rele- vance of swine, caprines, cervids, bovines and equids and their diachronic oscillation. Indicators of butchering and consumption were recorded, comprising cutmarks, anthropogenic breakage, thermo-alterations and tooth marks, the latter mainly of a carnivore origin.

The spectra obtained were compared within the scope of the Perdigões chronology, from the late Middle Neolithic to the transition to the early Bronze Age (3400-2000 BC), thus representing a first approach to the diachronic behaviour of vertebrate consumption at the site. Domesticated species are prevalent but changes in the domesticated/wild ratio are evident with a wild input, mainly from red deer, of significance in the late Middle Neolithic and in the transition to the early Bronze Age, whereas the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods have a growth in the domesticated component.
Essential Oil Content and Composition of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum.L) Under Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Baraa Al-Mansour  , M. Vasundhara
Published: October 2021

Field experiments were conducted at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016 with nine treatments and three replications in a randomized block design to find out the effects of integrated nutrient management on Quantity and Quality of essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) . The results revealed that combined application of recommended FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) registered the highest oil yield in the main crop (211.94, 187.46 l ha-1) and in ratoon (144.36, 70.81 l ha-1) during 2015, 2016, respectively. For oil quality, the main constituents of basil essential oil have been reported and the result showed that chemical compositions of the essential oil for sweet basil were affected by fertilizers in the maincrop and ratoon during two years of the experiment. In general, application of NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) i.e., T9 recorded the best quality. The results obtainedfrom this study demonstrated that integrated nutrient management can maximize nutrient absorption as a result of increased soil fertility which reflected on oil yield and quality.
Parasitic diseases of whitefish (Coregoninae) (a review)
Authors:   Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv, Vashchenko A. , Matvienko N. ,   Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv, Kravchenko I. ,   Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv, Mruk A. ,   Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To analyze the specialized literature and summarize the information on the main parasitic diseases of whitefish. Findings: Whitefish are members of the Salmoniformes, which are currently represented by 3 subgroups (Salmonidae, Coregonidae, Thymallidae). Whitefishes are widespread species of fish in the subarctic and boreal zones of Europe, Asia and North America and are the most important components of the ecological system and valuable objects of local and industrial fishery. But these fishes are frequently affected by parasitic diseases. This article contains the description of most common parasitic diseases of whitefish and of the main causative agent, clinical signs of diseases, and the main preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of these diseases in whitefish culture. Aquaculture of whitefish creates a competitive food production for one or two fattening seasons with their delicacy gastronomic benefits and high economic profitability. Products of whitefish are popular on external markets that is also a good motivation for improvement of the biotechnological development for various methods of cultivation of these valuable fish. However, with increasing amounts of production, transporting fish from one farm to another and crowded stocks of fish result in problems with diseases of different etiology. The above material describes main parasitic diseases that occur in whitefish including their main symptoms, which will help to identify them in time. Practical value. Information on the main parasitic diseases of whitefish was systematized. Most of the parasitic diseases known to the whitefish are ectoparasitosis. These are ichthyobodosis (costosis), trichodinosis, chylodonelosis, ichthioftirioz, trichophthirioz and cruciformis. Proteocephalosis, acanthocephalosis, diplomystomosis are the most dangerous among helminths. The short characteristic of these diseases is described and the methods of prophylaxis of these diseases are suggested. The review can be useful both for scientists dealing with the problem of whitefish acclimatization on the territory of Ukraine and for fish breeders already engaged in the whitefish aquaculture in Ukraine and abroad. Descriptions of symptoms of diseases will be useful for preliminary diagnostics of diseases. Key words: whitefish, parasites, ectoparasites, helminthes, diseases, ichthyobodosis, trichodionosis, chylodonelosis, ichthioftirioz, trichophriosis, chloromycosis, ergazilosis, lerneosis, argulosis, roteocephalosis, mechinorinchosis, diplostomosis.
Use of an anthelmintic to control parasitic nematodes of Helix aspersa (Müller)
Authors:   Dnipro National University named after Oles Honchar, Dnipro, Shmyhol N. , Yesipova N. ,   Dnipro National University named after Oles Honchar, Dnipro, Sharamok T. ,   Dnipro National University named after Oles Honchar, Dnipro
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To estimate the parameters of infestation of Helix aspersa by nematodes, experimentally identify the optimal concentration of anti-helminthic drugs and assess their effectiveness. Methodology. The experimental work on the development of therapeutic measures against nematodes of Helix aspersa (Müller) lasted for 15 days. The results of the experiments were evaluated by the following indicators: extensiveness and intensity of parasite infestation; survival of mollusks,%. Feeding activity was assessed by the relative amount of feed the mollusks ate per day. At the beginning of the experiments, histological examinations of mollusk tissues were performed. Selected samples were preserved in 4% formalin solution and then histological sections were made, which were than frozen with subsequent staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Histological analysis was performed using a light microscope at 8x and 40x magnification and a Sciencelab T500 5.17 M photographic digital camera. Assessment of changes in the histostructure was performed visually and using morformetric analysis on mollusk intestine samples. Two variants of the experiment with albendanzole (variant № 2 and 3) and control were evaluated. Findings. According to the results of the experiments, the best indicators of the anthelmintic effect and survival of snails were obtained using albendazole added to compound feed at a concentration of 0.02% of the live weight of mollusks. At this concentration, complete destruction of mature individuals of Alloionema appendiculatum was noted, as well as a decrease in the infection of snails with helminth eggs from 100% to 10%. The study of the histostructure of tissues and organs of mollusks showed that the use of albendazole at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.02% did not cause noticeable pathological changes in the muscles and brain of mollusks. However, certain structural abnormalities were observed in the cells of the intestinal and liver epithelium, which were detected as vacuolization of the cytoplasm, destruction of cell membranes, lysis and pycnosis of nuclei. The relative number of such cells with the pathology was about 10-15% when using 0.01% albendazole, and increased to 30-50% when using albendazole at a concentration of 0.02% of the live weight of snails. No noticeable anthelmintic effect was found when using trematozole. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the therapeutic effect and the optimal scheme of deworming of mollusks Helix aspersa infected with the parasitic nematode Alloionema appendiculatum were determined experimentally. Practical significance. The obtained results are of interest to enterprises engaged in snail farming. Key words: mollusk Helix aspersa Muller, nematodosis, extensiveness and intensity of invasion, anthelmintic drugs, morpho-histological parameters.
Promoting Human Milk and Breastfeeding for the Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Parker Margaret G. , Stellwagen Lisa M. , Noble Lawrence , Kim Jae H. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Puopolo Karen M. ,   SECTION ON BREASTFEEDING, COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN
Published: October 2021

Provision of mother’s own milk for hospitalized very low birth weight (VLBW) (≤1500 g) infants in the NICU provides short- and long-term health benefits. Mother’s own milk, appropriately fortified, is the optimal nutrition source for VLBW infants. Every mother should receive information about the critical importance of mother's own milk to the health of a VLBW infant. Pasteurized human donor milk is recommended when mother’s own milk is not available or sufficient. Neonatal health care providers can support lactation in the NICU and potentially reduce disparities in the provision of mother’s own milk by providing institutional supports for early and frequent milk expression and by promoting skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding, when appropriate. Promotion of human milk and breastfeeding for VLBW infants requires multidisciplinary and system-wide adoption of lactation support practices.
El plebiscito del 2016 en Colombia: Framing, resonancia cultural y comunicación política en los contenidos visuales de Facebook
Authors: Cárdenas Juan David
Published: October 2021

Las redes sociales tuvieron un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del debate público de las posiciones enfrentadas en el proceso electoral del plebiscito del 2016 en Colombia. La difusión de contenido de distinta naturaleza, a través de videos en la red social Facebook, buscaba persuadir a las audiencias con relación a su intención de voto, la legitimidad del proceso y los valores en juego. Este artículo muestra los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo con mayor influencia dentro de dicho universo de veinte líderes políticos de los bloques del Sí y el No durante la campaña de refrendación de los Acuerdos de Paz en Colombia en 2016. Los resultados evidencian las estrategias de persuasión basadas en el uso de valores culturalmente resonantes, el peso que tiene el prestigio y la legitimidad de los emisores, y la relevancia del uso de emociones en el marco de la movilización político electoral.
Soviet Domestic Loans 1946–1957 in Political Discourse and the Press
Authors: Klinova Marina А.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. For a significant historical period, an integral part of the Soviet social realities was the state internal loans, so the problems of studying the ideological and propaganda tools of their implementation is an actual area of research. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the modernization historical paradigm. The source basis of the research was the texts of government resolutions concerning the subject of loans, statistical materials, publications of the Soviet press of various levels (magazines, central, regional, factory newspapers). To achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative and quantitative method (content analysis) was used, which allows us to identify the quantitative expression of individual lexical units in the texts of government resolutions and press materials. Results and Discussion. The paper analyzes the texts of government resolutions concerning post-war government loans (winning and subscription-based), analyzes the information campaigns in the print media that accompany the issuance of loans. It was revealed that the declared winnings of citizens on loans (the amount, the number of winners) it decreased during the study period. The intensity of propaganda campaigns in the press concerning mass loans, as well as the intensity of advertising support for winning loans by the media, decreased. Conclusion. The revealed tendency to weaken the material incentives for subscribing to loans (winnings), as well as the intensity of the propaganda campaigns, indicates the gradual abandonment of the authorities in the mid-1950s of mobilization tools in the implementation of socio-economic policy.
Efficiency of sea buckthorn extract in oxidative stability improvement of high oleic sunflower oil
Authors: Mardani M. , Somogyi L. , Szedljak I. , Prauda I. , Farmani J. , Badakné Kerti K.
Published: October 2021

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) with high antioxidant capacity is distributed all over the world, but has never been used as a natural antioxidant in oils to replace synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of sea buckthorn extract in comparison to a common natural antioxidant rosemary extract and a synthetic antioxidant on retarding lipid oxidation. First the extracts were characterised, and it was found that sea buckthorn extract had higher polyphenol contents, radical scavenging activity, and higher antioxidant capacity. Then the proper concentrations for the use of these antioxidants were determined. Additionally, the progress of lipid oxidation during cycles of frying was assessed in terms of free fatty acids content, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX value, colour, total polar compounds, and Induction period. The general order of effectiveness for inhibition of high oleic sunflower oil degradation during frying was: sea buckthorn > BHT > rosemary > control (P <0.05).
Agyalapimirigy-apoplexia.
Authors: Sipos László , Szücs Nikolette , Várallyay Péter
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az agyalapimirigy-apoplexia ritka klinikai kórkép,
mely hirtelen kialakult bevérzés vagy infarktus következményeként jelenik meg. A
hypophysisadenomás betegek 2–12%-ában fordul elő, a leggyakrabban funkcionálisan
inaktív daganatokban, de jelentkezhet gyógyszeresen kezelt adenomákban is.
Klinikai képe hirtelen kialakuló heves fejfájás, mely látászavarral vagy kettős
látással társulhat, de meningealis izgalmi jel, a tudati szint romlása is
előfordulhat. A bevérzés miatt kialakult kortikotropinhiány kezelés nélkül
mellékvese-elégtelenséghez vezet. A mágneses rezonancia a komputertomográfhoz
képest jobban kimutatja az adenoma bevérzését vagy akár infarktusát.
Retrospektív tanulmányok a korábbi, azonnali idegsebészeti beavatkozás helyett a
konzervatív kezelés létjogosultságát emelik ki. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38):
1520–1525.

Summary. Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome secondary to
haemorrhage or infarction of pituitary adenoma. The prevalence is 2–12% of
pituitary adenoma patients especially in nonfunctioning tumours but may be found
in medically treated adenomas as well. Its clinical picture is sudden onset of
headache with visual disturbances and/or ocular palsy. Meningeal signs and
altered consciousness can occur. Corticotropin deficiency if untreated can lead
to adrenal insufficiency. Compared to computed tomography, magnetic resonance
imaging better demonstrates the haemorrhage or even infarction of pituitary
adenoma. Retrospective studies emphasize the wait-and-see management instead of
the formerly considered urgent neurosurgical intervention. Orv Hetil. 2021;
162(38): 1520–1525.
Fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai jelenségek: a szürkezóna jelentősége
Authors: Zóka András , Kádár Béla , Vad Eszter
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. A fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai kórképekre
különösen jellemző, hogy mind etiológiai tényezőikben, mind klinikai képükben
rendkívül heterogének. Az átfedő és inkomplett megjelenési formák nem ritkák,
ami a diagnosztika standardizálását nehezíti. Egyes, a fertőzésekhez
opcionálisan kapcsolódó tünetek megfigyelése már több mint egy évszázaddal
ezelőtt elvezetett a gócelmélet megszületéséhez, amely eredeti formájában
leginkább elnagyolt és naiv feltételezéseken alapult. Folyamatosan bővülő
ismereteink ugyanakkor egyre több esetben támasztják alá, hogy az átvészelt,
esetleg krónikus vagy perzisztáló fertőzések, illetve a mikrobiom összetétele
számos ponton lehet befolyással immunológiai, metabolikus és endokrin
homeosztázisunkra. A jelen munkában az ismert összefüggéseket, illetve a
meghaladott feltételezéseket is röviden érintve megkíséreljük a rendelkezésre
álló ismereteken keresztül áttekinteni a fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai
jelenségek szürkezónáját, azon kórtani folyamatokat és tüneteket, amelyek
létezése igazolható, de terápiás következményeik az egyén szintjén egyelőre
bizonytalanok. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1526–1532.

Summary. Immunologic phenomena related to infections are well known
to be truly heterogeneous, both regarding their etiology and the clinical
picture. Overlapping symptoms and incomplete presentations are not seldom, which
often constitute diagnostic challenge. Certain, optional complications of
infectious diseases led to the creation of the focal infection theory more than
a century ago, although only on the basis of assumptions derived from elusive
and naive theories. However, an expanding body of evidence ever since did
underline the impact of previous and persistent infections on the immunologic,
metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. Besides briefly touching the well-defined
diseases, as well as the outdated theories of this field, we aim to provide an
overview of the grey zone of infection-related immunologic phenomena, the
existence of which is biologically well established, however, their true
significance on an individual basis remains uncertain. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38):
1526–1532.
Fájdalomtünetek és a fájdalomcsillapítás lehetőségei SARS-CoV-2-környezetben
Authors: Almási Róbert Gyula
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az új koronavírusként megismert SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés
legsúlyosabb szövődményeként a gyulladásos folyamatok jelátvivő molekuláinak
elszabadulása – az ún. citokinvihar – kritikus légzési elégtelenséggel társuló
akut respirációs diszfunkciós szindrómát vagy többszervi gyulladásos szindrómát
okoz. Mostanáig igazolódott, hogy a fertőzések legnagyobb részben tünetmentesen
vagy enyhe tünetekkel zajlanak. A betegség minden szakaszában előfordulhat enyhe
vagy középsúlyos, ritkábban intenzív fájdalom, melyek enyhítésére számos
fájdalomcsillapítási lehetőség áll rendelkezésre. A pandémia kezdete óta
foglalkoznunk kell a tünetek enyhítésével, akár infektológiai osztályon, akár
műtéti ellátás alkalmával. A betegek hazaengedését követően figyelmet kell
fordítanunk az intenzív osztályos ellátás utáni és a COVID–19-et követő tünetek
és fájdalmak értékelésére. Időszerű átfogó összefoglalónkban hangsúlyozzuk a
különböző fájdalomcsillapítók szerepét a COVID–19-fertőzéssel összefüggő
fájdalommal járó folyamatokban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519.

Summary. As the most severe consequence of the new coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cytokine storm – caused by the liberalization of
several inflammatory mediators – engenders critical respiratory dysfunction
syndrome or multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The most proportion of infections
has proven symptomless or with very mild signs of disease so far. Mild,
moderate, or rarely intense pain can occur in every phase of the disease, for
the treatment of which more than a few analgesic possibilities are readily
available. From the start of the pandemic, we have been concerning to ameliorate
the symptoms, in either the department of infectology, or operating suites. The
post-intensive care pain and post-COVID symptoms should be evaluated and treated
after discharge. In this timely and comprehensive article, the role and
importance of different analgesics are articulated regarding the
COVID-associated painful conditions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519.
Comparative evaluation of polymethylmethacrylate and composite bone cements. Review of the experimental studies results
Authors: Vyrva Oleg , Goncharuk Olexii , Lysenko Natalia
Published: October 2021

Current article is a review of experimental studies of different bone cements types and their combinations. Providing of bone fragments  stable fixation  at osteosynthesis  in cases of difficult multifragmental fractures, arthroplasties and other implants using especially in the osteoporosis conditions is a main task of orthopaedic surgery procedures. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the first material that is answered to these requirements. The evolution of bone cements resulted in creation of a new composite substance — combination of PMMA and β-threecalciumphosfates (β-TCPh). Combination of these two components allowed to provide high bioabsorbal, osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties along with sufficient durability. In the analyzed works the properties of composite cement CalCemex were evaluated in vivo experiment. It was found that in the case of PMMA penetration of bone tissue into the polymer structure did not occur. Under the conditions of using bone cement with β-TCF admixture, the formation of bone tissue was observed not only on the surface of the implant, but also in the external and internal pores. It is the presence of pores in CalCemex that the authors explain the possibility of penetration of cellular elements, blood vessels and bone formation. Moreover, β-TCPh is included into this material and it is bioresorbed by osteoclasts. This leads to the release of calcium and phosphorus ions and, consequently, simplifies the attachment of the newly formed bone to the bone cement. We assume that composite cement like CalCemex type is a promising material for the treatment of various types of fractures and replacement of bone defects. It should be mentioned that research in this area is ongoing and intensive work is underway to synthesize and study the results of clinical application of composite bone cements with maximum bioactive properties that will not only strengthen bone tissue but also perform osteointegrative function. Key words. Bone cement, polymethylmethacrylate, β-threecalciumphosfates, experiment.
Festival Ziyaretçilerinin Sosyal Fayda, Sosyal Maliyet ve Memnuniyet Algısının Gelecekteki Katılım Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gönen Alışveriş Festivali Örneği
Authors: DUMAN Orhan , ŞAHİN Fatih , ALTAN İnci Merve
Published: October 2021

Festivaller, düzenlendiği bölgelerde yerel turizmin canlanmasında, ekonomik ve kültürel faaliyetlerin gelişmesinde yerel halka, ziyaretçi ve katılımcı firmalara önemli faydalar sağlamaktadır. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, festivallerin sürdürülebilirliklerinin sağlanabilmesi aynı zamanda bu etkinliklerden elde edilen faydanın da devamlılığının sağlanmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu araştırma, toplumsal fayda, toplumsal maliyet, memnuniyet değişkenlerinin festivallere katılım sağlayan bireylerin gelecekteki katılım niyetleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2019 yılında ilki gerçekleştirilen Gönen Alışveriş Festivali örnek olay olarak ele alınmış olup, ziyaretçiler açısından festivalin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla festivalin gerçekleştiği bölgede basit rasgele örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak, festivale katılan 207 kişi ile yüz yüze anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak iki araştırma modeli kurgulanmış, birinci modelde toplumsal fayda, toplumsal maliyet ve memnuniyet bağımsız değişkenlerinin gelecekteki katılım niyeti üzerindeki etkileri, ikinci modelde ise, toplumsal fayda ve toplumsal maliyet değişkenlerinin gelecekte katılım niyeti üzerindeki etkileri çoklu regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre birinci modelde, toplumsal fayda, toplumsal maliyet ve memnuniyet değişkenlerinin gelecekte katılım niyeti üzerinde bir neden sonuç ilişkisi bulunmamıştır. İkinci modelde ise, toplumsal faydanın gelecekte katılım niyeti üzerinde pozitif etkisi, toplumsal maliyet değişkeninin ise negatif etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekte yapılması planlanan festival organizasyonlarının düzenlenmesinde organizatörlere yol göstermesinin yanında, pazarlama literatürüne de katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Önyargı ve Ayrımcılık
Authors: ENİÇ Deniz
Published: October 2021

Gruplar arasındaki ayrımcı tutum ve davranışların neden ve sonuçları, sosyal psikologların uzun yıllardır üzerinde durduğu araştırma konularının başında gelir. Sosyal psikoloji alanında geliştirilen kuramsal yaklaşımlar ve yürütülen çalışmalar ile önyargının doğası incelenmekte, ayrımcı tutumların neden arttığı ve nasıl azaltılabileceği sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır. Alan yazın incelendiğinde ekonomik kriz, doğal afet ve pandemi gibi toplumsal stres ve belirsizlik dönemlerinin, dezavantajlı grupları hedef alan ayrımcı tutumların arttığı dönemlerden olduğu göze çarpar. Günümüzde bireylerin günlük yaşam pratiklerini önemli ölçüde şekillendiren COVID-19 salgınının, gruplar arasındaki ilişkileri de etkilediği görülmektedir. COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte -tıpkı önceki pandemi dönemlerinde olduğu gibi- gruplar arasındaki önyargılı tutum ve davranışların yükselişe geçtiği, Asya kökenli kişiler ve yaşlılar gibi çeşitli grupların önyargıların hedefi haline geldiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın başat amaçları, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde önyargıların neden arttığını sosyal psikolojik bir bakış açısından irdelemek ve önyargıların zayıflatılması konusunda neler yapılabileceğine ilişkin çeşitli öneriler sunmaktır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle önyargının tanımı ve doğasına ilişkin açıklamalara yer verilmiş, ardından pandemi ve önyargı arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, COVID-19 pandemisinde dezavantajlı grupları hedef alan ayrımcı tutum ve davranışların nasıl bir örüntü sergilediği ortaya konmuştur. Küresel kriz dönemlerinde gruplar arasındaki ayrımcılığın neden arttığı Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı, Bütünleşik Tehdit Kuramı ve Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı gibi önemli sosyal psikoloji kuramları açısından irdelenmiş ve bahsi geçen bu yaklaşımların pandemi sürecinde yoğunlaşan önyargıların zayıflatılması adına ne gibi çözüm önerileri sunabileceği tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, salgın sürecinde artan tehdit, belirsizlik ve korkunun azaltılması adına gruplar arasında gerçekleşen temas deneyimlerinin arttırılması, farklı grupları ortak bir üst grup kimliği altında birleştirici politikalar izlenmesi, toplumun pandemi süreci ile ilgili doğru bilgiye erişiminin sağlanması, medya ve lider söylemlerinde barışçıl bir dil kullanılması gibi öneriler sıralanmıştır. İşbu çalışmanın, çatışma yerine işbirliğine ihtiyaç duyulan salgın döneminde uygulanabilir çözüm yolları sunarak gruplar arasındaki uyumun arttırılmasına fayda sağlayacağı ve ilgili alanyazına önemli katkılar sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Atemoya sap flow estimation as a function of leaf area and reference evapotranspiration
Authors: Santos Irai Manuela Santana , Vellame Lucas Melo , Marinho Lígia Borges , Araújo Jairton Fraga
Published: October 2021

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the water consumption of two atemoya cultivars in irrigated orchards using the thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method, relating transpiration with leaf area and evaporative demand of the atmosphere. The experiment was carried out in two atemoya orchards with young and adult plants of ‘Gefner’ and ‘African Pride’ cultivars at the experimental field of the University of the State of Bahia, in Juazeiro-BA. Plants sap flow was determined by TDP and vegetative growth, and meteorological variables were obtained. The sap flow of young atemoya plants reached maximum values of 10.2 and 8.4 L plant-1 day-1, in ‘Gefner’ and ‘African Pride’ cultivars, respectively. In adult plants, these values were 50.1 L plant-1 day-1 in ‘Gefner’ cultivar and 98.2 L plant-1 day-1 in ‘African Pride’ cultivar. The relationship between sap flow and leaf area showed linearity only for a given leaf area range, in both cultivars and orchards. Sap flow estimated from the product between leaf area and reference evapotranspiration can be used provided that the leaf area limits in which this relationship occurs, in each variety, are considered.
Use of toxic bait to manage the south american fruit fly in apple orchards in Southern Brazil
Authors: Borges Rafael , Botton Marcos , Boff Mari Inês Carissimi , Arioli Cristiano João , Machota Junior Ruben , Bortoli Lígia Caroline
Published: October 2021

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus the South American fruit fly, is an important insect pest in apple orchards of southern Brazil, especially in small farms, where it often causes total crop loss. Experiments were conducted to evaluate, during four crop seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014) in organic and conventional apple orchards in southern Brazil, the toxic bait formulation ANAMED™ (oils and waxes 49.0% + M7 attractant 24.2% + spinosad insecticide 0.1%) for its capacity to reduce the South American fruit fly population. ANAMED applications started after apples with an average diameter of 20 mm had been thinned, and they were made every 14 days until harvest. ANAMED was sprayed on non-crop vegetation growing on the edges of the orchards at a rate of 1.0 kg.ha-1. Adult fruit flies were monitored weekly using McPhail traps baited with Torula™ yeast. Injured fruits were evaluated seven days before harvest. ANAMED reduced the adult population of trapped fruit flies captured in all crop seasons and the injured fruit, except for the first year of evaluation (2009/2010). In conclusion, the sequential use of ANAMED toxic bait over time significantly reduced adult populations of A. fraterculus and the percentage of fruits injured by this pest.
Work organization and risks of illness in the professional practice of doctors
Authors: Coelho Elenise Abreu , Rissi Vanessa , Costa Carlos , Amarante Michael Vieira
Published: October 2021

Abstract The work context is a risk factor for the illness of many professionals, among which the medical profession is highlighted. Thus, this study aimed to identify the risks of illness related to the work context of doctors, in the light of Psychodynamics at Work. One hundred and two professionals participated, who responded to the Work Context Assessment Scales, Indicators of Pleasure and Suffering at Work and Work-Related Damage. The results, based on descriptive and inferential statistics, demonstrated a moderate risk of illness related to the work context, professional exhaustion and physical damage. Work organization was strongly associated with “professional burnout” and “lack of recognition”. It is concluded, therefore, that there is a need for greater attention to the organization of work by the medical profession.
Psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and PFGE profiles of Bacillus cereus isolated from different foods and spices
Authors: Can Hayriye Yeşim , Elmalı Mehmet , Karagöz Alper , Dişli Hüseyin Burak
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: Bacillus cereus is an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, and it is found naturally in soil and poses a risk factor for the contamination of food and foodstuffs including cereals, vegetables, spices, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, meats, milk, and dairy products. This study determined the prevalence of B. cereus in raw poultry meat, raw cow’s milk, cheese, spices, and RTE foods in Hatay province. The study also analysed the psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of the isolates. The levels of contamination with B. cereus determined for cheese, raw milk, RTE foods, spices, and raw poultry meat were 16.6%, 34.2%, 42.8%, 49%, and 55.5%, respectively. B. cereus was isolated from 84 (42%) of the 200 samples analysed and the 84 isolates were verified by PCR analysis targeting the haemolysin gene specific for B. cereus. Of the total isolates, 64 (76.1%) were psychrotrophic. The toxin gene profiling of B. cereus isolates was determined by amplifying the four genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and ces. The nhe and cytK genes were most frequently detected in the isolates, while the hbl and ces genes were not found. In addition, a high genetic relationship between the isolates was detected at a 92% similarity level by PFGE analysis. In conclusion, the occurrence of both psychrotrophic and toxigenic B. cereus strains in this study indicated a potential risk for food spoilage and food poisoning.
Do fall armyworm’s Metaflumizone resistante populations affect the activity of Trichogramma pretiosum?
Authors: Barbosa M. G. , Souza S. A. , André T. P. P. , Pontes A. D. S. , Teixeira C. S. , Pereira F. F. , Pastori P. L.
Published: October 2021

Abstract The possible interference of resistant pest’s populations to insecticides in natural enemies in the action thas not been clarified yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) performance on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs with resistance frequency to the Metaflumizone over six generations of product exposure. Egg cards (2.0 x 7.0 cm) containing eggs from two populations of S. frugiperda, (resistant to Metaflumizone and the other susceptible), were exposed to T. pretiosum females for 24 hours in free-choice and no-choice testing in three generations (G1, G4, and G6). A completely randomized experimental design was used with 25 replications, each consisting of an egg card (experimental unit) containing 20 eggs. The parameters evaluated were: parasitism (%), emergence (%), sex ratio, number of emerged parasitoids per egg and males/females longevity. ANOVA and Tukey test (P≤ 0.05) were applied on the results. Results showed a reduction in parasitism [41.0% (G1) and 28.4% (G4)], egg emergence (17.5%) and parasitoids/egg [16.2 (G4) and 17.2 (G6)] in eggs originating from the population with resistance frequency. Females emerging from G6 populations eggs without exposure to Metaflumizone had greater longevity (3.5 days more) than the resistant population. The sex ratio and male longevity were not affected. The results indicate a reduction in T. pretiosum activity if S. frugiperda populations have some frequency of resistance to Metaflumizone.
The dynamics of genome size and GC contents evolution in genus Nicotiana
Authors: Hussain Z. , Sun Y. , Shah S. H. , Khan H. , Ali S. , Iqbal A. , Zia M. A. , Ali S. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Hybridization and Polyploidization are most common of the phenomenon observed in plants, especially in the genus Nicotiana leading to the duplication of genome. Although genomic changes associated with these events has been studied at various levels but the genome size and GC content variation is less understood because of absence of sufficient genomic data. In this study the flow cytometry technique was used to uncover the genome size and GC contents of 46 Nicotiana species and we compared the genomic changes associated with the hybridization events along evolutionary time scale. The genome size among Nicotiana species varied between 3.28 pg and 11.88 pg whereas GC contents varied between 37.22% and 51.25%. The tetraploid species in genus Nicotiana including section Polydiclae, Repandae, Nicotiana, Rustica and Sauveolentes revealed both up and downsizing in their genome sizes when compared to the sum of genomes of their ancestral species. The genome sizes of three homoploid hybrids were found near their ancestral species. Loss of large genome sequence was observed in the evolutionary more aged species (>10 Myr) as compared to the recently evolved one’s (<0.2 Myr). The GC contents were found homogenous with a mean difference of 2.46% among the Nicotiana species. It is concluded that genome size change appeared in either direction whereas the GC contents were found more homogenous in genus Nicotiana.
Chewing insects, pollinators, and predators on Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge
Authors: Mota M. V. S. , Demolin-Leite G. L. , Guanabens P. F. S. , Teixeira G. L. , Soares M. A. , Silva J. L. , Sampaio R. A. , Zanuncio J. C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.
Environmental characteristics, nutritional and executive functions in children of 6 to 7 years
Authors: Silva S. R. G. , Azevedo P. V. M. , Santos Júnior C. J. dos , Costa J. G. da , Pavão J. M. S. J. , Santos A. F. dos , Ferreira-Júnior G. C. , Souza M. A. , Cavalcanti M. G. dos S. , Pereira M. E. O. , Souza E. C. , Costa G. A. , Marinho C. R. M. , Ilha A. O. G. , Pinto R. S. , Matos-Rocha T. J.
Published: October 2021

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.
Distribution, abundance and seasonality of scale insects in sugarcane crops in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Monteiro G. G. , Peronti A. L. B. G. , Martinelli N. M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract In the state of São Paulo, the main sugarcane producing region of the world, two species of scale insects have frequently occurred, Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). To map the distribution and abundance of these species, 17 sugarcane producing fields, distributed in six mesoregions in São Paulo, were evaluated in August 2017 and, January, February, June and July 2018 during the ripening phase. The study on the seasonality of these species, by the presence or absence of the scale insects during the phenological cycle of the plant, was conducted between August 2017 and July 2018 in two sugarcane producing fields in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of S. sacchari was found in all the analyzed locations, and A. takahashii in twelve. Both scale insects showed significant difference of infestation in the node’s region of the stems during the ripening phase in one of the studied locations. The aclerdid presented significant difference by infestation in one site during the ripening phase of the plant. The pseudococcid infested a greater number of nodes in the following phases of development; vegetative, grand growth and ripening in both studied areas, but it was in one site during the ripening phase that presented the greatest difference. Although the pink sugarcane mealybug was more abundant than A. takahashii in both studies, there were no patterns of relationships between the numbers of individuals to geographical locations and temperature.
Hancornia speciosa serum latex fraction: a non-allergenic biomaterial
Authors: Costa A. F. , Gonçalves K. C. , Bailão E. F. L. C. , Caramori S. S. , Valadares M. C. , Gonçalves P. J. , Almeida L. M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Plant-derived products can assist in the healing process of dermal wounds. It has been demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa latex present angiogenic, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Then, it could contribute to the wound healing process. However, natural products in contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allergic and irritant potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex using in vitro assays. The obtained results showed that the H. speciosa serum fraction latex has a slightly irritant potential and is not cytotoxic neither allergenic for human cells. Moreover, we identified a remarkable low amount of proteins in this material in comparison to Hevea brasiliensis latex. This result could explain the non-allergenic potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex because proteins present in latex are the main responsible for allergy. This biomaterial could be used as a non-allergenic source for development of new medicines.
Revision of some mensural measurements, food preference, and haematological parameters in breeding pairs of blue rock pigeon, Columba livia sampled from punjab Pakistan
Authors: Aslam M. W. , Wajid M. , Waheed A. , Ahmad S. , Jafar K. , Akmal H. , Khan T. , Maqsud M. S. , Khan M. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.