bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riverbed Micromorphology of the Yangtze River Estuary, China
Authors: Wu Shuaihu , Cheng Heqin , Xu Y. , Li Jiufa , Zheng Shuwei , Xu Wei
Published: May 2016

Dunes are present in nearly all fluvial channels and are vital in understanding sediment transport, deposition, and flow conditions during floods of rivers and estuaries. This information is pertinent for helping developing management practices to reduce risks in river transportation and engineering. Although a few recent studies have investigated the micromorphology of a portion of the Yangtze River estuary in China, our understanding of dune development in this large estuary is incomplete. It is also poorly understood how the development and characteristics of these dunes have been associated with human activities in the upper reach of the Yangtze River and two large-scale engineering projects in the estuarine zone. This study analyzed the feature in micromorphology of the entire Yangtze River estuary bed over the past three years and assessed the morphological response of the dunes to recent human activities. In 2012, 2014, and 2015, multi-beam bathymetric measurements were conducted on the channel surface of the Yangtze River estuary. The images were analyzed to characterize the subaqueous dunes and detect their changes over time. Bottom sediment samples were collected for grain size analysis to assess the physical properties of the dunes. We found that dunes in the Yangtze River estuary can be classified in four major classes: very large dunes, large dunes, medium dunes, and small dunes. Large dunes were predominant, amounting to 51.5%. There was a large area of dunes developed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River estuary and in the Hengsha Passage. A small area of dunes was observed for the first time in the turbidity maximum zone of the Yangtze River estuary. These dunes varied from 0.12 to 3.12 m in height with a wide range of wavelength from 2.83 to 127.89 m, yielding a range in height to wavelength of 0.003–0.136. Sharp leeside slope angles suggest that the steep slopes of asymmetrical dunes in the middle and upper reaches, and the turbidity maximum zone of the Yangtze River estuary face predominantly towards tides because of the ebb-dominated currents. Sharp windward slope angles in the lower reach of the North Passage show the influence of flood-dominated currents on dunes. It is likely that the scale of dunes will increase in the future in the South Channel because of a sharp decline of sediment discharge caused by recent human activities.
The Factor Structure of Tourist Satisfaction in Forest Recreation Tourism: The Case of Taiwan
Authors: Lee Cheng-Fei
Published: May 2016

Previous studies have identified overall tourist satisfaction as a function of satisfaction with multiple destination attributes and examined the asymmetric relationship between attribute-level satisfaction and overall tourist satisfaction in a variety of tourism contexts. However,
this issue has not been empirically tested in the context of forest recreation tourism. This study aims to fill this literature gap by examining the perceptions of Chinese tourists toward the determinants of tourist satisfaction in a specific context, the Alishan National Forest Recreation
Area, Taiwan. Alishan is one of the attractions Chinese tourists consider a “must see” in Taiwan. However, there has been insufficient provision of tourism infrastructure to accommodate the steady influx of Chinese tourists. To achieve long-term sustainability, forest managers
are requested to allocate their limited resources to those sector-specific attribute-level satisfaction factors that potentially enhance overall tourist satisfaction the most. According to the three-factor theory of tourist satisfaction, “information services” and “recreation
facilities” were classified as basic factors, whereas “safety and emergency system” was considered as an excitement factor. It is concluded that the top priority of improvement should be paid to the existing provision of recreation facilities, because they are identified
as a sector-specific basic factor with low satisfaction.
Community Stakeholders and the Perception of Tourism Downtowns: An Assessment of Brand Identity
Authors: Line Nathaniel D. , Runyan Rodney C. , Swinney Jane L. , Sneed Christopher
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to examine the brand identity of tourism-dependent downtowns as perceived by stakeholders in the community. From the theoretical perspective of the resource-based view of the firm, perceptions of local residents and downtown business owners are considered
in terms of how each group perceives the downtown's brand. Specifically, this research seeks to identify and better understand differences in how these two groups attribute elements of the downtown's brand identity to overall downtown performance. Hypotheses are developed and tested using
data collected from residents and downtown business owners in four tourism-dependent communities in the Midwestern US. The results suggest that whereas business owners attribute downtown success to both brand image and positioning, brand image alone affects residents' perceptions of downtown
performance.
From Nudism and Naturism Tourism to “Natourism”: Defining Natourism and Exploring Natourists? Motivations
Authors: Andriotis Konstantinos
Published: May 2016

This article reviews previous attempts to define nudist and naturist tourism, and it elaborates detailed definitions through analyzing and discussing views of numerous natourist/nudist associations worldwide. Out of this process, the term “natourism” emerged, which includes the notion of “social nudity” as a main reason for traveling as well as a wide variety of ancillary stereotypical activities. As a term, “natourism” was tested after exploring the motivations of 1,508 natourists from all over the world. Although initially this study, through a literature review, identified three general motivation groups of natourism—namely, human motivations, motivations to travel, and nudism/naturism motivations—factor analysis made it possible to identify additional factors of natourists' motivations, which included Naturalism and Relaxation, Sexuality, Stereotypical Travel Motivations, and Personal and Family Motivations. Despite the limitations of the study, findings confirm the appropriateness of the term “natourism” to establish parameters for further research.
A RICH GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM IN DRAGONFLY 17: ARE ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXIES PURE STELLAR HALOS?*
Authors: Peng Eric W. , Lim Sungsoon
Published: May 2016

Observations of nearby galaxy clusters at low surface brightness have identified galaxies with low luminosities, but sizes as large as L
⋆ galaxies, leading them to be dubbed “ultra-diffuse galaxies” (UDGs). The survival of UDGs in dense environments like the Coma cluster suggests that UDGs could reside in much more massive dark halos. We report the detection of a substantial population of globular clusters (GCs) around a Coma UDG, Dragonfly 17 (DF17). We find that DF17 has a high GC specific frequency of S
N = 26 ± 13. The GC system is extended, with an effective radius of 12″ ± 2″, or 5.6 ± 0.9 kpc at Coma distance, 70% larger than the galaxy itself. We also estimate the mean of the GC luminosity function to infer a distance of

97

−
14

+
17

Mpc, providing redshift-independent confirmation that one of these UDGs is in the Coma cluster. The presence of a rich GC system in DF17 indicates that, despite its low stellar density, star formation was intense enough to form many massive star clusters. If DF17's ratio of total GC mass to total halo mass is similar to those in other galaxies, then DF17 has an inferred total mass of ∼1011
M
⊙, only ∼10% the mass of the Milky Way, but extremely dominated by dark matter, with M/L
V ≈ 1000. We suggest that UDGs like DF17 may be “pure stellar halos,” i.e., galaxies that formed their stellar halo components, but then suffered an early cessation in star formation that prevented the formation of any substantial central disk or bulge.
MEASURING TYPE IA SUPERNOVA POPULATIONS OF STRETCH AND COLOR AND PREDICTING DISTANCE BIASES
Authors: Scolnic D. , Kessler R.
Published: May 2016

Simulations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) surveys are a critical tool for correcting biases in the analysis of SNe Ia to infer cosmological parameters. Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations include a thorough treatment of observation history, measurement noise, intrinsic scatter models, and selection effects. In this Letter, we improve simulations with a robust technique to evaluate the underlying populations of SN Ia color and stretch that correlate with luminosity. In typical analyses, the standardized SN Ia brightness is determined from linear “Tripp” relations between the light curve color and luminosity and between stretch and luminosity. However, this solution produces Hubble residual biases because intrinsic scatter and measurement noise result in measured color and stretch values that do not follow the Tripp relation. We find a 10σ bias (up to 0.3 mag) in Hubble residuals versus color and 5σ bias (up to 0.2 mag) in Hubble residuals versus stretch in a joint sample of 920 spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia from PS1, SNLS, SDSS, and several low-z surveys. After we determine the underlying color and stretch distributions, we use simulations to predict and correct the biases in the data. We show that removing these biases has a small impact on the low-z sample, but reduces the intrinsic scatter σ
int from 0.101 to 0.083 in the combined PS1, SNLS, and SDSS sample. Past estimates of the underlying populations were too broad, leading to a small bias in the equation of state of dark energy w of Δw = 0.005.
Forming a Consensus: Data and Guidance for Physicians Treating Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Puliafito Carmen A. , Cousins Scott W. , Bacharach Jason , Gonzalez Victor H. , Holekamp Nancy M. , Merrill Pauline T. , Ohr Matthew P. , Parrish Richard K. , Riemann Christopher D.
Published: May 2016

The diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment paradigm has evolved as the understanding of the disease pathology has grown. Since 2012, four pharmacotherapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of DME. First-line treatment of DME with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] agents has become the gold standard; however, an appreciable percentage of patients do not respond to anti-VEGF therapies. In patients who inadequately respond to anti-VEGF therapies, the underlying disease pathology may be mediated by a multitude of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. For these patients, corticosteroids are an attractive treatment option because they not only downregulate VEGF, but also an array of cytokines. The phase 3 MEAD and FAME trials demonstrated significant visual acuity improvements associated with dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide, respectively, in patients with DME; however, class-specific adverse events, including increased intraocular pressure and cataract development, must be considered before use.

A panel of experts gathered during the 2015 annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology for a roundtable discussion focused on patient selection and adverse event management associated with the use of the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:S5–S15.]
A new species of Cordia (Cordiaceae) for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Franklin Guimarães Elsie , Taroda Ranga Neusa , Iranildo Miranda de Melo José
Published: May 2016

A new species of the genus Cordia (Cordiaceae), C. kuhlmannii E.F. Guim., N.T. Ranga & J.I.M. Melo, for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil is described and illustrated. The species, belonging to the section Gerascanthus is characterized mainly by irregular calyx lobes, corolla with narrow tube, stamens with glabrate bases and long branches of the style.
Challenges experienced by South Africa in attaining Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6
Authors: Mulaudzi Fhumulani M. , Phiri Seepaneng S. , Peu Doriccah M. , Mataboge Mmamakwa L.S. , Ngunyulu Nkhensani R. , Mogale Ramadimetja S.
Published: May 2016

Background: Despite progress made by other countries worldwide in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5 and 6, South Africa is experiencing a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals.Objective and setting: To describe the challenges experienced by South Africa regarding the successful implementation of MDGs 4, 5 and 6.Methods: An integrative literature review was used to identify and synthesise various streams of literature on the challenges experienced by South Africa in attaining MDGs 4, 5 and 6.Results: The integrative review revealed the following themes: (1) interventions related to child mortality reduction, (2) implementation of maternal mortality reduction strategies, and (3) identified barriers to zero HIV and TB infections and management.Conclusion: It is recommended that poverty relief mechanisms be intensified to improve the socio-economic status of women. There is a need for sectoral planning towards maternal health, and training of healthcare workers should emphasise the reduction of maternal deaths. Programmes addressing the reduction of maternal and child mortality rates, HIV, STIs and TB need to be put in place.Keywords: Millennium Development Goals; maternal and child morbidity and mortality; HIV and AIDS; STI and TB
Visual Impairment in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: A Survey of 53 Patients from Turkey
Authors: Hocaoglu Mumin , Karacorlu Murat , Sayman Muslubas Isil , Arf Serra , Ozdemir Hakan , Uysal Omer
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To estimate the age at onset and severity of ophthalmologic aspects of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

Methods

Medical records of 53 patients with PXE were evaluated. Findings at initial presentation, including refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and biomicroscopic and funduscopic examination were explored.

Results

The mean age of the patients at time of presentation was 43 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.8:1. The mean age at occurrence of the first visual symptoms and retinal complications associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was 42 years. Active subfoveal CNV or choroidal scar formation at the time of presentation was observed in 80 eyes (75%) of 49 patients (mean age 43 years). Twenty-seven patients (51%) (mean age 43 years) had BCVA ≤20/200 in at least one eye. Ten patients (19%) had BCVA ≤20/200 in both eyes (mean age 48 years). Twenty patients (41%) presenting with subfoveal chorioretinal scar or an active subfoveal CNV reported a spontaneous decline in visual acuity before age 40.

Conclusions

Subfoveal CNV was a frequent finding responsible for the poor visual acuity of patients with PXE. Its formation was not strictly age-dependent, and in patients under 40 years of age could be underestimated. More trials are needed to determine clinical recommendations for follow-up of young patients with PXE.
Effect of the Mineralizer Solution in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Gadolinium-Doped (10% mol Gd) Ceria Nanopowders
Authors: Dell'Agli Gianfranco , Spiridigliozzi Luca , Marocco Antonello , Accardo Grazia , Ferone Claudio , Cioffi Raffaele
Published: May 2016

Background

Gadolinium-doped ceria is an attractive electrolyte material for potential application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures typically with 10%-20% substitution of Ce+4 by Gd+3. In particular, 10% gadolinium-doped ceria seems to have the highest values of conductivities among the other dopant compositions.

Methods

Nanosized powders of gadolinium-doped ceria were prepared by hydrothermal treatment using coprecipitate as a precursor and in the presence of 3 different mineralizer solutions. The powders obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analysis, while the electrical behavior of the corresponding pellets were ascertained by AC impedance spectroscopy.

Results

Nanocrystalline gadolinium-doped ceria powders with fluorite cubic crystal structure were obtained by hydrothermal treatment. Independent of the mineralizer used, these powders were able to produce very dense ceramics, especially when selecting an optimized sintering cycle. In contrast, the electrical behavior of the samples was influenced by the mineralizer solution, and the samples synthesized in the neutral and alkaline solutions showed higher values of electrical conductivity, in the range of temperatures of interest.

Conclusions

By the coprecipitation method, it has been possible to synthesize nanosized gadolinium-doped cerium oxide in a fluorite structure, stable in a wide range of temperatures. Hydrothermal treatment directly on the as-synthesized coprecipitates, without any drying step, had a very positive effect on the powders, which can be sintered with a high degree of densification, especially with an optimized sintering cycle. Furthermore, the electrical behavior of these samples was very interesting, especially for the samples synthesized using neutral mineralizer solution and basic mineralizer solution.
New Drugs in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistance Prostate Cancer
Authors: Genestreti Giovenzio , Di Battista Monica , Cavallo Giovanna , Brandes Alba A.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of prostate cancer is continually evolving and new therapies have become available. However, the management of elderly patients is challenging due to their age and comorbidities. Androgen deprivation therapy remains the mainstay treatment of hormonal-sensitive disease. Nevertheless, when disease becomes resistant to castration, docetaxel-based chemotherapy represents the standard rescue therapy irrespective of patient age. Recently, chemotherapeutic agents such as cabazitaxel and hormonal therapies such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide have been shown to improve survival in patients with progression of disease before or following docetaxel. This review focuses on the safety and efficacy results of these new drugs in elderly patients.
Aportes de las prácticas educativas implementadas por madres líderes al reconocimiento de sujetos sociales
Authors: González ZaBala Sandra Patricia , Rodríguez Rivera Naví
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo, es resultado del trabajo investigativo desarrollado con madres líderes del Programa Más Familias en Acción- Medellín Solidaria, pertenecientes a la comuna 13- San Javier de la ciudad de Medellín. El cual, tuvo por objetivo realizar un acercamiento a los significados construidos por éstas frente a su rol y como lo anterior contribuye a la superación de la pobreza extrema, posibilitando así, la generación de reflexiones que permitieran consolidar y afianzar cada vez más el acompañamiento que se viene realizando con cada una de ellas. Lo anterior, permitió identificar como el liderazgo construido por las mujeres está relacionado con su capacidad para creer, dirigirse, auto-liderarse y ser agentes de su propio desarrollo. Simultáneamente, estos aspectos, les permiten ir confluyendo procesos organizativos y comunitarios en sus territorios, buscando transmitir y transformar desde las necesidades evidenciadas en sus propios hogares, pero también desde el interés por construir maneras de encuentro alrededor de espacios que son comunes y de descubrir potencialidades en dicho camino.
Acopio y comercialización de chía en el municipio de Jalapa, Nueva Segovia por parte de la empresa Central American Commodities Trading en el ciclo productivo 2013-2014
Authors: Mendoza Jerling Damarys , Arróliga Kasandra Jubelky , Hernández Tania Rafaela , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el proceso de acopio y comercialización de chía en la empresa Central American Commodities Trading proponiendo estrategias empresariales que mejoren este proceso. Según el nivel de conocimiento es una investigación aplicada y según el enfoque filosófico es una investigación cualitativa. El universo de estudio lo constituye la empresa CAC Trading con sede central en la ciudad de Managua y sucursales en los municipios de Sébaco, Matagalpa, Jalapa, Jícaro y Wiwilí. Las técnicas de recolección de datos son entrevista, observación, investigación documental. Las entrevistas fueron aplicadas a personas con conocimientos desarrollados en acopio y comercialización, asistencia técnica y exportación. Los principales resultados reflejan el proceso de acopio desde el punto de vista de empresa y los productores, sistema de pesaje, principales compradores en la exportación.
El papel estratégico de la política de género en educación
Authors: López Herrera Eduardo
Published: May 2016

Sin lugar a dudas, la igualdad de oportunidades de hombres y mujeres en los diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, sienta las bases para impulsar el desarrollo, sobre todo reconociendo el invaluable papel de la mujer, como un sujeto alrededor del cual giran muchas acciones y en particular, el interés de que sus hijos sean algo en la vida, pero que muchas veces son sueños truncados por las limitantes estructurales que padecen y que están relacionadas con la subordinación histórica ante el sexo opuesto y el peso de siglos de una sociedad patriarcal.
A unique partnership between a health system’s insurance plan and the Integrative Medicine Department benefits patients and helps control costs
Authors: Anderson Maureen M , Armstrong Karen , Janosz Katherine Nori , Tocco Michael , DeVore Nancy A , Stachura Geoffrey , Styczynski Linda , Stachura Karen , Armstrong Hallie , Patricolo Gail Elliott
Published: May 2016

Health care costs continue to increase, affecting patients and insurance providers. Complementary health approaches are increasingly used to augment traditional medicine, and integrative medicine (IM) incorporates these complementary approaches into traditional patient care. The IM Department was established in our institution in 2004 and now offers a wide range of services to patients. Our institution offers health care coverage to all benefit-eligible hospital personnel and their eligible dependents. The use of IM has had a surprising and beneficial effect on the health care costs of this small, self-insured health plan. We found that the coverage of certain IM modalities for specific conditions had positive clinical results and resulted in significant cost savings to the insurance plan. At the same time, this partnership supports patients by providing appropriate and effective care, and we have seen success in terms of patient recovery and patient satisfaction. Here, we present the history of the relationship between the insurance plan and the IM Department, how the coverage of IM modalities has expanded, and the current practice at our institution. We demonstrate that this innovative relationship has benefitted patients and resulted in cost-savings for the insurance provider. Therefore, this partnership will continue to expand, thus providing patients with a wide range of treatment options and effective care.
Explorations of Shifting Forms of Numerical Representations and Cognitive Functions Grounded in and Emergent from Changing Collective Practices
Authors: Nutti Ylva Jannok , Rahm Jrène
Published: May 2016

In the book Cultural Development of Mathematical Ideas: Papua New Guinea Studies, Geoffery B. Saxe introduces the reader to the traditions of numerical representations of the Oksapmin people of Papua New Guinea. The book offers a rich story of a relational view of cognition and culture at the heart of an indigenous grounding of mathematics education and would be of interest to researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners in the field.
Percepción de la población residente en Cañamero acerca del Geoparque Villuercas-Ibores-Jara (Extremadura, España)
Authors: Cortijo Cercas Estela , Pulido Fernández Manuel
Published: May 2016

En Extremadura el sector turístico ha crecido en las últimas décadas, aunque con desigualdades si se comparan ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad con comarcas rurales como Villuercas-Ibores-Jara. En este último caso, la declaración de Geoparque en 2011 ha de suponer un cambio en la vida de los residentes, por lo que conocer su percepción acerca del Geoparque se antoja necesario. Para ello se realizaron más de 100 encuestas a la población de Cañamero para conocer su opinión. El 84% cree que el Geoparque aportará beneficios, aunque muchos consideran que las infraestructuras son todavía escasas.
El tratamiento informativo y publicitario de los diarios digitales especializados en golf en España
Authors: Fernández Fernández José Gabriel , Martínez Pastor Esther
Published: May 2016

El espectacular desarrollo del golf en los últimos 20 años en España ha popularizado este deporte ampliando su función deportiva, económica y social, apoyándose en el sector turístico. Esta realidad ha provocado también un lógico interés por los medios de comunicación especializados en golf, y en la última década han surgido numerosas cabeceras digitales sobre esta industria con contenidos informativos y publicitarios tanto deportivos como de un estilo de vida característico. En este artículo se analizan esos contenidos y se estudian sus peculiaridades.
La incorporación del paisaje a la planificación turística. Análisis de la Estrategia de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía
Authors: Fernández-Tabales Alfonso , Santos-Pavón Enrique , Muñoz-Yules Olga
Published: May 2016

Las interrelaciones entre turismo y paisaje, pese a su trascendencia para ambas temáticas, han sido poco tratadas con enfoque científico, y sólo recientemente se está incorporando el paisaje en los trabajos de planificación turística. Este artículo profundiza en las bases teóricas de esa interrelación y analiza en detalle el tratamiento del paisaje en una experiencia real de planificación de destinos, los programas derivados de la Estrategia de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía; tanto en lo relativo a la consideración del paisaje como recurso turístico, como en lo referido a las actuaciones concretas presupuestadas con incidencia paisajística.
Estudio sobre la homogeneidad en la aplicación del USALI en el sector hotelero
Authors: Campa-Planas Fernando , Clara Banchieri Lucía
Published: May 2016

El Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI), pretende establecer un proceso interno de determinación de resultados, de forma homogénea para todos los establecimientos hoteleros. Esta propuesta profesional, que se remonta a 1926 en Estados Unidos, es referencia obligada entre los profesionales de la contabilidad de gestión del sector. El presente estudio pretende contrastar la homogeneidad de la aplicación práctica del USALI a través del análisis de una serie de transacciones del sector hotelero, mediante una muestra correspondiente a los establecimientos hoteleros implantados en Cataluña. Los resultados del mismo muestran una heterogeneidad importante en la implantación del USALI.
Sonographic Determination of Type in a Fetal Imperforate Anus
Authors: Lee Mi-Young , Won Hye-Sung , Shim Jae-Yoon , Lee Pil-Ryang , Kim Ahm , Lee Byong Sop , Kim Ellen Ai-Rhan , Cho Hyun Jin
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of an imperforate anus by using sonography in the prenatal period.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the fetal anus in all pregnant women, including low‐ and high‐risk populations, between February 2010 and November 2013. High‐type imperforate anuses were diagnosed by prenatal sonography when the anal sphincter muscles and anal canal mucosa were not visible. Low‐type imperforate anuses were prenatally suspected when at least 1 of the following was present: (1) a small anus; (2) no visible anal mucosa; or (3) close location of the genitalia by the anus without a visible perineal body, particularly in a female fetus.

Results

Among the 9499 fetuses, 41 were prenatally suspected of having an imperforate anus, and 32 were confirmed to have this disorder. During the same study period, there were 11 false‐negative cases, for a diagnostic sensitivity rate of 74%. All 9 fetuses who were confirmed to have a normal anus were prenatally suspected of having a low‐type imperforate anus. Among the 32 fetuses with a confirmed imperforate anus, 19 were confirmed to have a high or intermediate type and 13 to have a low type. The type in 3 fetuses was incorrectly determined prenatally.

Conclusions

Although an imperforate anus is not always diagnosed prenatally, its type can be determined by prenatal sonography.
The BTB domains of the potassium channel tetramerization domain proteins prevalently assume pentameric states
Authors: Smaldone Giovanni , Pirone Luciano , Pedone Emilia , Marlovits Thomas , Vitagliano Luigi , Ciccarelli Luciano
Published: May 2016

Potassium channel tetramerization domain‐containing (KCTD) proteins are involved in fundamental physio‐pathological processes. Here, we report an analysis of the oligomeric state of the Bric‐à‐brack, Tram‐track, Broad complex (BTB) domains of seven distinct KCTDs belonging to five major clades of the family evolution tree. Despite their functional and sequence variability, present electron microscopy data highlight the occurrence of well‐defined pentameric states for all domains. Our data also show that these states coexist with alternative forms which include open pentamers. Thermal denaturation analyses conducted using KCTD1 as a model suggest that, in these proteins, different domains cooperate to their overall stability. Finally, negative‐stain electron micrographs of KCTD6BTB in complex with Cullin3 show the presence of assemblies with a five‐pointed pinwheel shape.
Inherited structure and coupled crust‐mantle lithosphere evolution: Numerical models of Central Australia
Authors: Heron Philip J. , Pysklywec Russell N.
Published: May 2016

Continents have a rich tectonic history that have left lasting crustal impressions. In analyzing Central Australian intraplate orogenesis, complex continental features make it difficult to identify the controls of inherited structure. Here the tectonics of two types of inherited structures (e.g., a thermally enhanced or a rheologically strengthened region) are compared in numerical simulations of continental compression with and without “glacial buzzsaw” erosion. We find that although both inherited structures produce deformation in the upper crust that is confined to areas where material contrasts, patterns of deformation in the deep lithosphere differ significantly. Furthermore, our models infer that glacial buzzsaw erosion has little impact at depth. This tectonic isolation of the mantle lithosphere from glacial processes may further assist in the identification of a controlling inherited structure in intraplate orogenesis. Our models are interpreted in the context of Central Australian tectonics (specifically the Petermann and Alice Springs orogenies).
Macroscopic Ultrathin Film as Bio‐Inspired Interfacial Reactor for Fabricating 2D Freestanding Janus CNTs/AuNPs Hybrid Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrical Performance
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xiao Peng , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Gu Jincui , Huang Youju , Chen Tao
Published: May 2016

2D Janus thin films have received increasing attentions due to their unique asymmetric structures and fantastic applications. Herein, a macroscopic 2D freestanding Janus carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles (CNTs/AuNPs) hybrid ultrathin film is successfully constructed at the air/liquid interface, using polydopamine modified unilaterally CNTs ultrathin network film as an asymmetrical 2D interfacial reactor for in situ selective growth of AuNPs on the unilateral water‐side (the side facing water) of CNTs film. The resultant macroscopic 2D freestanding Janus CNTs/AuNPs ultrathin film could be used directly as electrode materials and modify stably electrode with improved stability and operation feasibility. More importantly, the convenient and clean modification of Janus CNTs/AuNPs film on electrode is favorable to the electrons transmission in the electrode and remarkably improves the electrochemical sensitivity of glassy carbon, showing the ability of really exerting asymmetrical functionality of Janus 2D materials in a collaborative strategy.
Nickel Confined in the Interlayer Region of Birnessite: an Active Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Thenuwara Akila C. , Cerkez Elizabeth B. , Shumlas Samantha L. , Attanayake Nuwan H. , McKendry Ian G. , Frazer Laszlo , Borguet Eric , Kang Qing , Remsing Richard C. , Klein Michael L. , Zdilla Michael J. , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: May 2016

We report a synthetic method to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of birnessite for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by intercalating Ni2+ ions into the interlayer region. Electrocatalytic studies showed that nickel (7.7 atomic %)‐intercalated birnessite exhibits an overpotential (η) of 400 mV for OER at an anodic current of 10 mA cm−2. This η is significantly lower than the η values for birnessite (η≈700 mV) and the active OER catalyst β‐Ni(OH)2 (η≈550 mV). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that a competition among the interactions between the nickel cation, water, and birnessite promote redox chemistry in the spatially confined interlayer region.
Dehydrokupplungs‐ und Silazanspaltungsrouten zu organisch‐anorganischen Hybridpolymeren mit NBN‐Einheiten in der Hauptkette
Authors: Lorenz Thomas , Lik Artur , Plamper Felix A. , Helten Holger
Published: May 2016

Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand über konjugierte Polymere mit B‐N‐Bindungen in der Hauptkette ist eher gering, ungeachtet des enormen Potenzials π‐konjugierter Organoborpolymere und BN‐dotierter polycyclischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe zur Anwendung in der organischen Optoelektronik. Hier werden die ersten Beispiele einer neuen Klasse organisch‐anorganischer Hybridpolymere vorgestellt, die aus alternierenden NBN‐ und para‐Phenylen‐Einheiten aufgebaut sind. Die Polykondensation über B‐N‐Bindungsbildung erwies sich als leichter Zugang zu löslichen Materialien unter milden Bedingungen. Photophysikalische Daten für das Polymer und für Modellverbindungen verschiedener Kettenlängen lassen auf ein geringes Maß an π‐Konjugation über die NBN‐Einheiten schließen, was durch DFT‐Rechnungen gestützt wird. Die Möglichkeit zur Verwendung der neuen Polymere als makromolekulare Polyliganden wird anhand einer Vernetzungsreaktion über ZrIV aufgezeigt.
Dehydrocoupling and Silazane Cleavage Routes to Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Polymers with NBN Units in the Main Chain
Authors: Lorenz Thomas , Lik Artur , Plamper Felix A. , Helten Holger
Published: May 2016

Despite the great potential of both π‐conjugated organoboron polymers and BN‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in organic optoelectronics, our knowledge of conjugated polymers with B−N bonds in their main chain is currently scarce. Herein, the first examples of a new class of organic–inorganic hybrid polymers are presented, which consist of alternating NBN and para‐phenylene units. Polycondensation with B−N bond formation provides facile access to soluble materials under mild conditions. The photophysical data for the polymer and molecular model systems of different chain lengths reveal a low extent of π‐conjugation across the NBN units, which is supported by DFT calculations. The applicability of the new polymers as macromolecular polyligands is demonstrated by a cross‐linking reaction with ZrIV.
Prevalence estimates of major neurocognitive disorders in a rural Nigerian community
Authors: Ogunniyi Adesola , Adebiyi Akindele O. , Adediran Ade B. , Olakehinde Olaide O. , Siwoku Akeem A.
Published: May 2016

Objective

There is paucity of information on major neurocognitive disorders in sub‐Saharan Africa where the number of individuals with neurocognitive disorders is expected to increase due to demographic transition. This study aims to report on the prevalence estimates of dementia and MCI (mild cognitive impairment) in a rural community in southwest Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

This was a two‐stage cross‐sectional study of persons aged 65 years and above resident in Lalupon community, Oyo State. The Identification and IDEA (Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans) Study Questionnaire was used for initial screening by trained community health care workers, utilized followed by cognitive assessment using the validated IDEA cognitive screen. Functional and cognitive assessment of selected individuals was carried out during the second stage. Information obtained was used for consensus diagnosis and participants were categorized into normal, MCI and dementia using standard criteria.

Results

Six hundred and thirteen participants completed the study with 111 (18.1%) diagnosed as MCI while 17 (2.8%) had dementia. The age‐adjusted prevalence estimates were 18.4% (95% CI: 14.9–21.9%) and 2.9% (95% CI 1.6–4.4%) for MCI and dementia, respectively. Probable Alzheimer's disease and amnestic MCI predominated. Individuals with dementia were older than both MCI and normal cases while those with MCI had significantly fewer years of schooling than the other diagnostic categories.

Conclusion

Almost one out of five older persons in Lalupon community had major neurocognitive impairment with MCI being six‐times more common than dementia. Alzheimer's disease was the most common dementia sub‐type.
Sex‐based differences in outcomes with bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Results from the BRAVO‐3 randomized trial
Authors: Asgar A. , Chandrasekhar J. , Mikhail G. , Webb J. , Lefèvre T. , Tamburino C. , Hildick‐Smith D. , Hambrecht R. , Van Belle E. , Widder J. , Dumonteil N. , Hink U , Jeger R. , Linke A. , Deliargyris E. , Gao P. , Mehran R. , Hengstenberg C. , Anthopoulos P. , Dangas G. ,   for the BRAVO‐3 Investigators
Published: May 2016

Background

Women comprise almost 50% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and previous studies have indicated higher rates of procedural complications and bleeding in women compared to men. It is unknown whether men and women demonstrate a differential response to bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) in TAVR. We sought to evaluate outcomes by sex and type of anticoagulant from the Bivalirudin Versus Heparin Anticoagulation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (BRAVO‐3) trial of transfemoral TAVR.

Methods

BRAVO‐3 was a randomized multicenter trial comparing transfemoral TAVR with bivalirudin versus UFH (31 centers, n = 802). The primary endpoint was 48 h major bleeding defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type ≥3b. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a composite of 30‐day death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Net adverse cardiovascular events (NACE) were a composite of BARC ≥3b bleeding or 30‐day MACE. We examined the outcomes in men and women.

Results

The total cohort included 49% women (n = 391, 195 received bivalirudin and 196 UFH) and 51% men (n = 411, 209 received bivalirudin and 202 UFH). Women were older than men with fewer comorbidities including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes but similar EuroSCORE I. Women received smaller sheath and device sizes compared with men without differences in the use of vascular closure devices. At 48‐hr post‐TAVR there was no difference in bleeding or vascular complications in women compared to men. The use of bivalirudin did not result in significantly lower bleeding at 48 hr or 30‐days compared to UFH.

Conclusions

There was no difference in early outcomes with bivalirudin versus UFH in men or women undergoing contemporary TAVR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: HOT WORKABILITY AND KINETICS OF HOT DEFORMATION IN ELECTROSLAG‐REFINED HEAT‐RESISTANT ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: JAIN N. K. , NAIR C. G. K. , ABRAHAM K. P. , PRASAD Y. V. R. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Elektroschlackenaffination mittels synthetischer Schlacke (KCl‐MgCl2‐MgF2) bewirkt eine Verminderung der Makro‐ und Mikroporosität sowie eine Verfeinerung des Gefüges der Legierung (RR58 oder 2618), die eine feinere Dispersion der zweiten Phase zeigt.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE THERMAL DEHYDRATION OF SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE.
Authors: SCHUELKE U. + , KAYSER R. , ARNDT L.
Published: May 2016

Das steuernde Element für den Ablauf der thermischen Dehydratisierung von NaH2PO4 zu (NaPO3)n· H2O (I) und Na3P3O9 (II) ist die Struktur der sich primär bildenden Kristallkeime von (I) bzw. (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreduction of Polymolybdates(VI) in Aqueous Solutions Containing Acetic Acid.
Authors: YAMADE T. , KUROZUMI T.
Published: May 2016

Bei der photochemischen Reduktion von Polymolybdaten(VI) in wäßrigen, Essigsäure enthaltenden Lösungen zu Mo(V) werden CO2, CH4 und Bernsteinsäure gebildet, wobei die Quantenausbeute für ihre Bildung ca. 20mal geringer ist als die für die Mo(V) Bildung.
ChemInform Abstract: CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, AND BARIUM CHLORIDE SILICATES
Authors: WINKLER A. , ZIEMER B. , WIEKER W.
Published: May 2016

Chloridsilicate des Calciums, Strontiums und Bariums entstehen beim Erhitzen von Gemischen aus den Erdalkalicarbonaten und SiO2 in bestimmten Molverhältnissen in der Schmelze des jeweiligen Erdalkalimetallchlorids.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW FLUORO PEROVSKITES OF BIVALENT LANTHANIDES. CESIUM EUROPIUM(II) FLUORIDE, CESIUM YTTERBIUM(II) FLUORIDE, AND RUBIDIUM YTTERBIUM(II) FLUORIDE
Authors: WU G.‐Q. , HOPPE R.
Published: May 2016

Neue Fluoro‐Perowskite zweiwertiger Lanthaniden, CsEuF3 (l), CsYbF3 (II) und RbYbF3 (III) werden durch Reduktion der Trifluoride mit Cs bzw. Rb (Ta‐Rohr, Ar, 250‐450 °C, 7‐14 d) als Pulver dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THIONITROSYL COMPLEXES OF OSMIUM. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ASPH4(OSCL4(NS)2CL)
Authors: WEBER R. , MUELLER U. + , DEHNICKE K.
Published: May 2016

Umsetzung von OsCl5 mit Trithiazylchlorid (II) führt zum Thiazylchlorid‐Komplex (III), der mit AsPh4Cl in CH2CI2 zum Titelsalz (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: AQUEOUS INTERMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER CHEMISTRY: NOVEL PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM SUBSTITUTED BENZOQUINONE‐DIENE CARBOXYLATE ADDUCTS VIA TANDEM MICHAEL REACTIONS
Authors: GRIECO P. A. , GARNER P. , YOSHIDA K. , HUFFMAN J. C.
Published: May 2016

2,6‐Dimethyl‐benzochinon (I) addiert das Dien‐carboxylat (II) zu einem Addukt (III) bzw. zu (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVITIES OF DICHLOROKETENE CYCLOADDITIONS TO BRIDGED BICYCLIC OLEFINS
Authors: ERDEN I. , DE MEIJERE A.
Published: May 2016

Dichlorketen (II), das in situ aus Trichloracetylchlorid mit Zn erzeugt wird, addiert an zahlreiche Olefine in der angegebenen Weise in hohen Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 2‐FLUORO‐2,2‐DINITROETHYLSULFURIC ACID WITH α‐HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND SOME OF THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: ORESHKO G. V. , FADEEV M. A. , EREMENKO L. T.
Published: May 2016

2‐Fluor‐2,2‐dinitroethyl‐schwefelsäure (II) reagiert leicht mit Hydroxy‐essigsäure (Ia) und α‐Hydroxy‐propionsäure (Ib) zu einem Gemisch der Derivate (III) und (IV), von denen (III) beim Versuch der Isolierung in den entsprechenden Aldehyd und CO zerfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF ALKYL TRIFLUOROMETHYL SULFONES
Authors: CHERKASOVA T. I. , KHUTORETSKII V. M. , OKHLOBYSTINA L. V.
Published: May 2016

Das Trifluormethan‐methyl‐sulfon (I) bildet ein beständiges α‐Carbanion (II), das über das Trifluormethan‐sulfonyl‐methylmagnesiumbromid (III) mit Acetaldehyd das 1‐Trifluormethansulfonyl‐2‐propanol (IV) bildet, das zum Trifluormethansulfonyl‐aceton (V) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION BETWEEN NONCONJUGATED CHROMOPHORES. PART 20. SYNTHESIS AND DIELS‐ALDER REACTIVITY OF 5,6,7,8‐TETRAMETHYLIDENE‐2‐BICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANOL AND ‐OCTANONE. SELECTIVE OXIDATIONS OF THE CORRESPONDING BIS(IRONTRICARBONYL) COMPLEXES
Authors: GABIOUD R. , VOGEL P.
Published: May 2016

Hydroborierung/Oxidation des aus dem Tetrachlorid (I) zugänglichen Bis‐Fe(CO)3‐Komplexes (III) (Literaturmethoden) gibt den Alkohol (IVa), dessen CrO3‐Oxidation das Keton (IVb) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS; 110. FLUORINATION OF 1‐HALOADAMANTANES AND ‐DIAMANTANE WITH NITRONIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE/PYRIDINE POLYHYDROGEN FLUORIDE OR SODIUM NITRATE/PYRIDINE POLYHYDROGEN FLUORIDE
Authors: OLAH G. A. , SHIH J. G. , SINGH B. P. , GUPTA B. G. B.
Published: May 2016

1‐Halogenadamantane (I) und 1‐Bromdiamantan (III) lassen sich mit Pyridiniumfluorid und Nitronium‐tetrafluoroborat bzw. Natriumnitrat in 1‐Fluoradamantan (II) bzw. ‐diamantan (IV) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CHLOROMETHYL BENZYL ETHERS
Authors: BENNECHE T. , STRANDE P. , UNDHEIM K.
Published: May 2016

Benzylalkohole (I) werden als Natriumsalz mit Chlormethyl‐methylsulfid (II) zu O,S‐Formacetalen (III) umgesetzt und mit Sulfurylchloride zu Chlormethylbenzylethern (IV) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIMETHYL SULFITE WITH PHENYLLITHIUM. FORMATION OF BIPHENYL AND DIPHENYL SULFIDE VIA SULFURANE
Authors: HARA Y. , MATSUDA M.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Sulfite (I) mit überschüssigem Phenyllithium (II) führt zu Biphenyl (III) und Diphenylsulfid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ACETOXYFIMBROLIDES AND BECKERELIDE ANALOGS
Authors: KOTSUKI H. , MONDEN M. , OCHI M.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Lävulinesteracetal (I) wird durch Formylierung, Cyclisierung., Anfügung der Seitenkette und m‐Chlorperhenzoesäure‐Oxidation ein Diastereomerengemisch von Hydroxylbutenoliden (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETALS AND ETHERS. PART X. SYNTHESIS OF SELECTED CIS‐ AND TRANS‐2‐ALKYL‐4‐((2‐HYDROXYETHOXY)METHYL)‐1,3‐DIOXOLANES AND CIS‐ AND TRANS‐2‐ALKYL‐5‐(2‐HYDROXYETHOXY)‐1,3‐DIOXANES
Authors: WECLAS L. , SOKOLOWSKI A. , BURCZYK B.
Published: May 2016

Die bekannte Umsetzung der Aldehyde (I) mit Glycerin (II) führt zu Gemischen der entsprechenden Dioxolane (III) und (IV) bzw. der Dioxane (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTION OF SULFUR DICHLORIDE TO FUNCTIONALIZED IMINES DIRECTED TOWARD HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS
Authors: KOMATSU M. , HARADA N. , KASHIWAGI H. , OHSHIRO Y. , AGAWA T.
Published: May 2016

Die Azabutadiene (I) bzw. (V) werden mit SCl2 (II) zu den Heterocyclen (IV) bzw. (VI) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CYCLIC β‐KETO SULFONIUM YLIDES
Authors: TANAKA K. , HAYASHI J. , KAJI A.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den Salzen (I) hergestellten Ketosulfonium‐Ylide (II) reagieren mit den Cyclopropenonen (III) zu den Pyranen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Derivatization of 8‐Acetylpsoralens. Acetyl Migrations During Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: BENDER D. R. , KANNE D. , FRAZIER J. D. , RAPOPORT H.
Published: May 2016

Die Herstellung von 60 Psoralen‐Derivaten und ihren Vorstufen, die zu pharmakologischen Untersuchungen eingesetzt werden sollen, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐4‐CINNOLONE DERIVATIVES AND 1‐METHYL‐3‐ARYLACETYL‐4,5,6,7‐TETRAHYDROINDAZOLES
Authors: GELIN S. , DOLMAZON R.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Oxo‐hexahydrobenzofuran (I) entstehen mit Aldehyden (II) die Kondensationsprodukte (III), die mit Hydrazin zu (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS. CI. REACTION OF METHYL OR ETHYL HYDRAZINECARBOXYLATES WITH 1,2‐DIHYDRO3,1‐BENZOTHIAZINE‐4‐THIONES
Authors: LEGRAND L. , LOZAC'H N.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) reagieren mit den Hydrazinestern (II) zu den Thioxochinazolinen (III), die sich, wie am Beispiel von (IIIb)‐(IIIe) gezeigt, in die entsprechenden Ketone (IV) überführen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PYRIDOPYRIMIDOPYRIMIDINES
Authors: KOKEL B. , GUILLAUMEL J. , ROYER R.
Published: May 2016

4‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐uracil (Ia) liefert das Substitutionsprodukt (Ib), das mit den Pyridinen (II) zu (III) kondensiert und weiter zu (IV) dehydriert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of AChE Inhibitory Activity of 5,6‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazinyloxyacetyl‐4‐substituted Thiosemicarbazides, Triazoles and N‐Benzylidene Derivatives.
Authors: GUPTA A. K. S. , HAJELA K. , BHATTACHARYA T. , AHMAD S. , SHANKER K.
Published: May 2016

3‐Hydroxy‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazin (IIIa) wird aus Benzil (I) und Sernicarbazid (II) hergestellt, weiter zum Etherester (IIIb) kondensiert und dieser in das Etherhydrazid (IV) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF 8‐ AND 9‐HYDROXY‐2,5‐ETHANO‐3‐BENZAZOCINES
Authors: BELANGER P. C. , SCHEIGETZ J. , YOUNG R. N.
Published: May 2016

Aus den beiden syn‐ und anti‐Verbindungen (I) bzw. (II) werden die Tilelverbindungen (V) bzw. (VI) synthetisiert.