bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals Co-Regulation of Hormone Pathways in Foxtail Millet during Sclerospora graminicola Infection
Authors: Li Renjian , Han Yanqing , Zhang Qi , Chang Guorong , Han Yuanhuai , Li Xukai , Zhang Baojun
Published: February 2020

Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroeter is a biotrophic pathogen of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and increasingly impacts crop production. We explored the main factors for symptoms such as dwarfing of diseased plants and the “hedgehog panicle” by determining panicle characteristics of varieties infected with S. graminicola and analyzing the endogenous hormone-related genes in leaves of Jingu 21. Results indicated that different varieties infected by S. graminicola exhibited various symptoms. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ent-copalyl diphosphate synthetase (CPS) encoded by Seita.2G144900 and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) encoded by Seita.2G144400 were up-regulated 4.7-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. Results showed that the biosynthesis of gibberellin might be increased, but the gibberellin signal transduction pathway might be blocked. The abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-hydroxylase encoded by Seita.6G181300 was continuously up-regulated by 4.2-fold, 2.7-fold, 14.3-fold, and 12.9-fold from TG1 to TG4 stage, respectively. Seita.2G144900 and Seita.2G144400 increased 79-fold and 51-fold, respectively, at the panicle development stage, promoting the formation of a “hedgehog panicle”. Jasmonic acid-related synthesis enzymes LOX2s, AOS, and AOC were up-regulated at the early stage of infection, indicating that jasmonic acid played an essential role in early response to S. graminicola infection. The expression of YUC-related genes of the auxin synthesis was lower than that of the control at TG3 and TG4 stages, but the amidase encoded by Seita.2G313400 was up-regulated by more than 30-fold, indicating that the main biosynthesis pathway of auxin had changed. The results suggest that there was co-regulation of the hormone pathways during the infection of foxtail millet by S. graminicola.
A Post-Processing Algorithm for miRNA Microarray Data
Authors: Nersisyan Stepan , Shkurnikov Maxim , Poloznikov Andrey , Turchinovich Andrey , Burwinkel Barbara , Anisimov Nikita , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: February 2020

One of the main disadvantages of using DNA microarrays for miRNA expression profiling is the inability of adequate comparison of expression values across different miRNAs. This leads to a large amount of miRNAs with high scores which are actually not expressed in examined samples, i.e., false positives. We propose a post-processing algorithm which performs scoring of miRNAs in the results of microarray analysis based on expression values, time of discovery of miRNA, and correlation level between the expressions of miRNA and corresponding pre-miRNA in considered samples. The algorithm was successfully validated by the comparison of the results of its application to miRNA microarray breast tumor samples with publicly available miRNA-seq breast tumor data. Additionally, we obtained possible reasons why miRNA can appear as a false positive in microarray study using paired miRNA sequencing and array data. The use of DNA microarrays for estimating miRNA expression profile is limited by several factors. One of them consists of problems with comparing expression values of different miRNAs. In this work, we show that situation can be significantly improved if some additional information is taken into consideration in a comparison.
The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Balance in a Murine Model
Authors: Docea Anca Oana , Calina Daniela , Buga Ana Maria , Zlatian Ovidiu , Paoliello M.M.B. , Mogosanu George Dan , Streba Costin Teodor , Popescu Elena Leocadia , Stoica Alexandra Elena , Bîrcă Alexandra Catalina , Vasile Bogdan Ștefan , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai , Mogoanta Laurentiu
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the subacute effect of two types of Ag-NPs(EG-AgNPs and PVP-EG-AgNPs) on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in rats. Seventy Wistar rats (35 males and 35 females) were divided in 7 groups and intraperitoneally exposed for 28 days to 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw/day EG-Ag-NPs and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw/day PVP- EG-Ag-NPs. After 28 days, the blood was collected, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS),protein carbonyl (PROTC) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. EG-Ag-NPs determined protective antioxidant effects in a dose-dependent manner. The exposure to the 4 mg/kg bw/day EG-Ag-NPs determines both in males and females a significant increase in TAC and CAT and a significant decrease in TBARS and PROTC only in females. The PVP-EG-AgNPs showed a different trend compared to EG-AgNPs. At 4 mg/kg bw/day the PVP-EG-AgNPs induce increased PROTC levels and decreased GSH (males and females) and TAC levels (males). The different mechanisms of EG-AgNPs and PVP-EG-AgNPs on antioxidant-/pro-oxidant balance can be explained by the influence of coating agent used for the preparation of the nanoparticles in the formation and composition of protein corona that influence their pathophysiology in the organism.
mRNA with Mammalian Codon Bias Accumulates in Yeast Mutants with Constitutive Stress Granules
Authors: Kozlova Natalia V. , Pichon Chantal , Rahmouni A. Rachid
Published: February 2020

Stress granules and P bodies are cytoplasmic structures assembled in response to various stress factors and represent sites of temporary storage or decay of mRNAs. Depending on the source of stress, the formation of these structures may be driven by distinct mechanisms, but several stresses have been shown to stabilize mRNAs via inhibition of deadenylation. A recent study identified yeast gene deletion mutants with constitutive stress granules and elevated P bodies; however, the mechanisms which trigger its formation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the possibility of accumulating mRNA with mammalian codon bias, which we termed the model RNA, in these mutants. We found that the model RNA accumulates in dcp2 and xrn1 mutants and in four mutants with constitutive stress granules overlapping with P bodies. However, in eight other mutants with constitutive stress granules, the model RNA is downregulated, or its steady state levels vary. We further suggest that the accumulation of the model RNA is linked to its protection from the main mRNA surveillance path. However, there is no obvious targeting of the model RNA to stress granules or P bodies. Thus, accumulation of the model RNA and formation of constitutive stress granules occur independently and only some paths inducing formation of constitutive stress granules will stabilize mRNA as well.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Obesity-Related Cancer
Authors: Donohoe Fionán , Wilkinson Michael , Baxter Eva , Brennan Donal J.
Published: February 2020

Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. The increased risk of certain types of cancer is now an established deleterious consequence of obesity, although the molecular mechanisms of this are not completely understood. In this review, we aim to explore the links between MAPK signalling and obesity-related cancer. We focus mostly on p38 and JNK MAPK, as the role of ERK remains unclear. These links are seen through the implication of MAPK in obesity-related immune paralysis as well as through effects on the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and activation of aromatase. By way of example, we highlight areas of interest and possibilities for future research in endometrioid endometrial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and MAPK.
Exploring the Photodynamic Properties of Two Antiproliferative Benzodiazopyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Imperatore Concetta , Valadan Mohammadhassan , Tartaglione Luciana , Persico Marco , Ramunno Anna , Menna Marialuisa , Casertano Marcello , Dell’Aversano Carmela , Singh Manjot , d’Aulisio Garigliota Maria Luisa , Bajardi Francesco , Morelli Elena , Fattorusso Caterina , Altucci Carlo , Varra Michela
Published: February 2020

The identification of molecules whose biological activity can be properly modulated by light is a promising therapeutic approach aimed to improve drug selectivity and efficacy on the molecular target and to limit the side effects compared to traditional drugs. Recently, two photo-switchable diastereomeric benzodiazopyrrole derivatives 1RR and 1RS have been reported as microtubules targeting agents (MTAs) on human colorectal carcinoma p53 null cell line (HCT 116 p53-/-). Their IC50 was enhanced upon Light Emitting Diode (LED) irradiation at 435 nm and was related to their cis form. Here we have investigated the photo-responsive behavior of the acid derivatives of 1RR and 1RS, namely, d1RR and d1RS, in phosphate buffer solutions at different pH. The comparison of the UV spectra, acquired before and after LED irradiation, indicated that the trans→cis conversion of d1RR and d1RS is affected by the degree of ionization. The apparent rate constants were calculated from the kinetic data by means of fast UV spectroscopy and the conformers of the putative ionic species present in solution (pH range: 5.7–8.0) were modelled. Taken together, our experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photo-conversions of trans d1RR/d1RS into the corresponding cis forms and the thermal decay of cis d1RR/d1RS are dependent on the presence of diazonium form of d1RR/d1RS. Finally, a photo-reaction was detected only for d1RR after prolonged LED irradiation in acidic medium, and the resulting product was characterized by means of Liquid Chromatography coupled to High resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Immunoglobulin Abnormalities in Gaucher Disease: an Analysis of 278 Patients Included in the French Gaucher Disease Registry
Authors: Nguyen Yann , Stirnemann Jérôme , Lautredoux Florent , Cador Bérengère , Bengherbia Monia , Yousfi Karima , Hamroun Dalil , Astudillo Leonardo , Billette de Villemeur Thierry , Brassier Anaïs , Camou Fabrice , Dalbies Florence , Dobbelaere Dries , Gaches Francis , Leguy-Seguin Vanessa , Masseau Agathe , Pers Yves-Marie , Pichard Samia , Serratrice Christine , Berger Marc G. , Fantin Bruno , Belmatoug Nadia ,   on behalf of the French Evaluation of Gaucher Disease Treatment Committee
Published: February 2020

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal autosomal-recessive disorder due to deficiency of glucocerebrosidase; polyclonal gammopathy (PG) and/or monoclonal gammopathy (MG) can occur in this disease. We aimed to describe these immunoglobulin abnormalities in a large cohort of GD patients and to study the risk factors, clinical significance, and evolution. Data for patients enrolled in the French GD Registry were studied retrospectively. The risk factors of PG and/or MG developing and their association with clinical bone events and severe thrombocytopenia, two markers of GD severity, were assessed with multivariable Cox models and the effect of GD treatment on gammaglobulin levels with linear/logarithmic mixed models. Regression of MG and the occurrence of hematological malignancies were described. The 278 patients included (132 males, 47.5%) were followed up during a mean (SD) of 19 (14) years after GD diagnosis. PG occurred in 112/235 (47.7%) patients at GD diagnosis or during follow-up and MG in 59/187 (31.6%). Multivariable analysis retained age at GD diagnosis as the only independent risk factor for MG (> 30 vs. ≤30 years, HR 4.71, 95%CI [2.40–9.27]; p < 0.001). Risk of bone events or severe thrombocytopenia was not significantly associated with PG or MG. During follow-up, non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed in five patients and multiple myeloma in one. MG was observed in almost one third of patients with GD. Immunoglobulin abnormalities were not associated with the disease severity. However, prolonged surveillance of patients with GD is needed because hematologic malignancies may occur.
Blood Metabolite Signature of Metabolic Syndrome Implicates Alterations in Amino Acid Metabolism: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS)
Authors: Roberts Jackson A. , Varma Vijay R. , Huang Chiung-Wei , An Yang , Oommen Anup , Tanaka Toshiko , Ferrucci Luigi , Elango Palchamy , Takebayashi Toru , Harada Sei , Iida Miho , Thambisetty Madhav
Published: February 2020

Rapid lifestyle and dietary changes have contributed to a rise in the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which presents a potential healthcare crisis, owing to its association with an increased burden of multiple cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Prior work has identified the role that genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors can play in the prevalence of MetS. Metabolomics is an important tool to study alterations in biochemical pathways intrinsic to the pathophysiology of MetS. We undertook a metabolomic study of MetS in serum samples from two ethnically distinct, well-characterized cohorts—the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) from the U.S. and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) from Japan. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify metabolites that were associated with MetS in both cohorts. Among the top 25 most significant (lowest p-value) metabolite associations with MetS in each cohort, we identified 18 metabolites that were shared between TMCS and BLSA, the majority of which were classified as amino acids. These associations implicate multiple biochemical pathways in MetS, including branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glutathione production, aromatic amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our results suggest that fundamental alterations in amino acid metabolism may be central features of MetS.
Genome-Wide Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis of the SWEET Sugar Transporter Gene Family in Walnut and Their Lack of Responsiveness to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Infection
Authors: Jiang Shijiao , Balan Bipin , Assis Renata de A. B. , Sagawa Cintia H. D. , Wan Xueqin , Han Shan , Wang Le , Zhang Lanlan , Zaini Paulo A. , Walawage Sriema L. , Jacobson Aaron , Lee Steven H. , Moreira Leandro M. , Leslie Charles A. , Dandekar Abhaya M.
Published: February 2020

Following photosynthesis, sucrose is translocated to sink organs, where it provides the primary source of carbon and energy to sustain plant growth and development. Sugar transporters from the SWEET (sugar will eventually be exported transporter) family are rate-limiting factors that mediate sucrose transport across concentration gradients, sustain yields, and participate in reproductive development, plant senescence, stress responses, as well as support plant–pathogen interaction, the focus of this study. We identified 25 SWEET genes in the walnut genome and distinguished each by its individual gene structure and pattern of expression in different walnut tissues. Their chromosomal locations, cis-acting motifs within their 5′ regulatory elements, and phylogenetic relationship patterns provided the first comprehensive analysis of the SWEET gene family of sugar transporters in walnut. This family is divided into four clades, the analysis of which suggests duplication and expansion of the SWEET gene family in Juglans regia. In addition, tissue-specific gene expression signatures suggest diverse possible functions for JrSWEET genes. Although these are commonly used by pathogens to harness sugar products from their plant hosts, little was known about their role during Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) infection. We monitored the expression profiles of the JrSWEET genes in different tissues of “Chandler” walnuts when challenged with pathogen Xaj417 and concluded that SWEET-mediated sugar translocation from the host is not a trigger for walnut blight disease development. This may be directly related to the absence of type III secretion system-dependent transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) in Xaj417, which suggests different strategies are employed by this pathogen to promote susceptibility to this major aboveground disease of walnuts.
The Redox-Sensitive Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Uremic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Jiang , Nie Ying , Chaudhry Muhammad , Bai Fang , Chuang Justin , Sodhi Komal , Shapiro Joseph I.
Published: February 2020

In recent years, Na/K-ATPase signaling has been implicated in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy and uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), specific ligands of Na/K-ATPase, regulate its enzymatic activity (at higher concentrations) and signaling function (at lower concentrations without significantly affecting its enzymatic activity) and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. On the other hand, an increase in ROS alone also regulates the Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity and signaling function. We termed this phenomenon the Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant-amplification loop, in which oxidative stress regulates both the Na/K-ATPase activity and signaling. Most recently, we also demonstrated that this amplification loop is involved in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy. This review aims to evaluate the redox-sensitive Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant amplification loop and uremic cardiomyopathy.
Activation of mTOR Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ferrín Gustavo , Guerrero Marta , Amado Víctor , Rodríguez-Perálvarez Manuel , De la Mata Manuel
Published: February 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer and occurs mainly in patients with liver cirrhosis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in many hallmarks of cancer including cell growth, metabolism re-programming, proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The mTOR pathway is upregulated in HCC tissue samples as compared with the surrounding liver cirrhotic tissue. In addition, the activation of mTOR is more intense in the tumor edge, thus reinforcing its role in HCC proliferation and spreading. The inhibition of the mTOR pathway by currently available pharmacological compounds (i.e., sirolimus or everolimus) is able to hamper tumor progression both in vitro and in animal models. The use of mTOR inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies is a very attractive approach, which has been extensively investigated in humans. However, results are contradictory and there is no solid evidence suggesting a true benefit in clinical practice. As a result, neither sirolimus nor everolimus are currently approved to treat HCC or to prevent tumor recurrence after curative surgery. In the present comprehensive review, we analyzed the most recent scientific evidence while providing some insights to understand the gap between experimental and clinical studies.
CELSR1 Promotes Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemic Injury Mainly through the Wnt/PKC Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Li-Hong , Zhang Geng-Lin , Liu Xing-Yu , Peng Ai , Ren Hai-Yuan , Huang Shu-Hong , Liu Ting , Wang Xiao-Jing
Published: February 2020

Cadherin epidermal growth factor (EGF) laminin G (LAG) seven-pass G-type receptor 1 (CELSR1) is a member of a special subgroup of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Although Celsr1 has been reported to be a sensitive gene for stroke, the effect of CELSR1 in ischemic stroke is still not known. Here, we investigated the effect of CELSR1 on neuroprotection, neurogenesis and angiogenesis in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. The mRNA expression of Celsr1 was upregulated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampus and ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemic injury. Knocking down the expression of Celsr1 in the SVZ with a lentivirus significantly reduced the proliferation of neuroblasts, the number of CD31-positive cells, motor function and rat survival and increased cell apoptosis and the infarct volume in MCAO rats. In addition, the expression of p-PKC in the SVZ and peri-infarct tissue was downregulated after ischemia/ reperfusion. Meanwhile, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, knocking down the expression of Celsr1 significantly reduced the proliferation of neuroblasts; however, it had no influence on motor function, cell apoptosis or angiogenesis. These data indicate that CELSR1 has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia injury by reducing cell apoptosis in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis, mainly through the Wnt/PKC pathway.
Dynamic Behavior of p53 Driven by Delay and a Microrna-34a-Mediated Feedback Loop
Authors: Gao Chunyan , Liu Haihong , Yan Fang
Published: February 2020

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a critical hub in the comprehensive transcriptional network that inhibits the growth of cells after acute stress stimulation. In this paper, an integrated model of the p53 signaling pathway in response to DNA damage is proposed and the p53 stability and oscillatory dynamics are analyzed. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we find that the delay as a bifurcation parameter can drive the p53-Mdm2 module to undergo a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, thereby producing oscillation behavior. Moreover, we demonstrate how the positive feedback loop formed by p53* and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) with the feature of double-negative regulation produces limit-cycle oscillations. Further, we find that miR-34a can affect the critical value of Hopf bifurcation in delay-induced p53 networks. In addition, we show that ATM, once activated by DNA damage, makes p53* undergo two Hopf bifurcations. These results revealed that both time delay and miR-34a can have tumor suppressing roles by promoting p53 oscillation or high level expression, which will provide a perspective for promoting the development of anti-cancer drugs by targeting miR-34a and time delay.
Dynamic Observation of Interfacial IMC Evolution and Fracture Mechanism of Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE/Cu Lead-Free Solder Joints during Isothermal Aging
Authors: Zhao Di , Zhang Keke , Ma Ning , Li Shijie , Yin Chenxiang , Huo Fupeng
Published: February 2020

Dynamic observation of the microstructure evolution of Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE/Cu solder joints and the relationship between the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) and the mechanical properties of the solder joints were investigated during isothermal aging. The results showed that the original single scallop-type Cu6Sn5 IMC gradually evolved into a planar double-layer IMC consisting of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn IMCs with isothermal aging. In particular, the Cu3Sn IMC grew towards the Cu substrate and the solder seam sides; growth toward the Cu substrate side was dominant during the isothermal aging process. The growth of Cu3Sn IMC depended on the accumulated time at a certain temperature, where the growth rate of Cu3Sn was higher than that of Cu6Sn5. Additionally, the growth of the interfacial IMC was mainly controlled by bulk diffusion mechanism, where the activation energies of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn were 74.7 and 86.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The growth rate of Cu3Sn was slightly faster than that of Cu6Sn5 during isothermal aging. With increasing isothermal aging time, the shear strength of the solder joints decreased and showed a linear relationship with the thickness of Cu3Sn. The fracture mechanism of the solder joints changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture, and the fracture pathway transferred from the solder seam to the interfacial IMC layer.
Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation
Authors: Chang Honglei , Wang Penggang , Jin Zuquan , Li Gang , Feng Pan , Ye Shoujie , Liu Jian
Published: February 2020

Architectural concrete has been wildly used nowadays, and those served in an offshore environment often suffer from chloride penetration and carbonation. To assess the protection and decoration performances of architectural concrete, this study exposed architectural concrete to actual marine environments and accelerated carbonation conditions. The chloride and carbonation resistance of architectural concrete was determined to evaluate the protection performance, and the corresponding surface-color-consistency was adopted to characterize its decoration performance. The results show that the total and free chloride of concrete in the marine atmosphere zone and the tidal zone generally decreases with depth; chloride content arguments significantly with exposure time, with a chloride maximum peak near the surface. Moreover, the chloride diffusion coefficient is small throughout the measurements, indicating the superior chloride resistance of architectural concrete. Furthermore, architectural concrete also possesses excellent carbonation resistance based on the carbonation depth data obtained from the carbonation experiment. Therefore, architecture concrete served as protection covers can withstand both the chloride attack and carbonation tested in this paper. In addition, carbonation was found to have a profound influence on the aesthetics of architectural concrete. Therefore, carbonation should be carefully handled for better maintaining the aesthetic appearance of architectural concrete in long-term service.
Preparation and Tribological Study of Graphene Coating on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Using Modified Percolating-Assisted Resin Film Infusion Method
Authors: Wang Ben , Han Wei , Ming Yueke , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhu Yansong , Duan Yugang , Wang Hongxiao , Zhao Hongying
Published: February 2020

Tribological properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites used in reciprocating contact should be improved to secure the efficiency and safety because of risks of abrasion, adhesion, and fatigue deficiency amidst fiber, matrix, or interphase. This paper investigates the influence of graphene reinforcement on the wear resistance of a GFRP composite. Graphene was integrated into a typical GFRP composite as the surface coating using a modified resin film infusion method with the percolating paper assisted. Dry reciprocating sliding tests were performed against a stainless steel ball moving in a direction 45 degrees to the fiber orientation. The morphology of the worn surface was observed, and the corresponding wear mechanisms are discussed. Results suggest that the prepared graphene coating improves the wear resistance of the GFRP composite. The protected GFRP laminates remained intact during the first 20 min of the wear test and only a small fraction of fibers were broken after 60 min test. Furthermore, abrasive debris and fiber breaks originating from composite were markedly reduced, likely owing to the formation of a protective transfer film between the surface of the modified composite and the rubbing counterpart.
Influence of Alcohol and Red Meat Consumption on Life Expectancy: Results of 164 Countries from 1992 to 2013
Authors: Ranabhat Chhabi Lal , Park Myung-Bae , Kim Chun-Bae
Published: February 2020

Background: High consumption of red meat, which is carcinogenic to humans, and misuse or abuse of alcohol drinking increase premature death and shortened life expectancy. The aim of this study was to examine the association of alcohol and red meat consumption with life expectancy (LE) by analyzing data from 164 countries using an ecological approach. Design: This was a longitudinal ecological study using data from the United Nation’s (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for 164 countries over the period 1992–2013. In regression analysis, the relationship of alcohol and red meat consumption with LE was estimated using a pooled ordinary least squares regression model. Alcohol and red meat consumption were measured every 5 years. Results: The consumption of alcohol and red meat in high-income countries (HIC) was about 4 times (36.8–143.0 kcal/capita/day) and 5 times (11.2–51.9 kcal/capita/day) higher than that in low-income countries (LIC). Red meat and alcohol consumption had a negative estimated effect on LE in HIC (b = −1.616 p = < 0.001 and b = −0.615, p = 0.003). Alcohol consumption was negatively associated with LE for all income groups, while positive relationships were found for all estimates associated with gross national income (GNI). Conclusions: Red meat and alcohol consumption appeared to have a negative impact on LE in high-income countries (HIC) and upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), although it had no significant association with LE in low-income countries (LIC) or lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). This study suggests reviewing the policies on the gradual reduction of alcohol abuse and the high consumption of red meat, particularly HIC and UMIC.
Effects of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes
Authors: Wani Kaiser , Alfawaz Hanan , Alnaami Abdullah M. , Sabico Shaun , Khattak Malak Nawaz Khan , Al-Attas Omar , Alokail Majed S. , Alharbi Mohammed , Chrousos George , Kumar Sudhesh , Al-Daghri Nasser M.
Published: February 2020

This 12-month, randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in terms of (1) the reduction of at least 5% of body weight compared to baseline and (2) the percentage of participants in which fasting blood glucose (FBG) normalizes (<5.6 mmol/L) post-intervention, in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with impaired fasting glucose. A total of 300 Saudi adults with prediabetes at baseline (FBG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) were enrolled to receive either general advice (GA) or a rigorous, self-monitored, lifestyle modification program (intervention group, IG) for 12 months, focused on food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, 136/150 in the GA group (90.7%) and 127/150 in the IG group (84.7%) were either overweight or obese. A total of 14% (n = 21) of the subjects in the IG arm discontinued, compared to 8% (n = 12) in the GA arm. Data from completers (92% (n = 138) and 86% (n= 129) participants in GA and IG arms, respectively) were considered for the final analysis. Post-intervention, 37.2% (n = 48) of participants in the IG group had ≥5% weight reduction, as compared to 12.3% (n = 17) in the GA group (p < 0.01). Similarly, the percentage of participants who normalized their FBG post-intervention was 46.5% (n = 60) in the IG group compared to 21.7% (n = 30) in the GA group (p < 0.01). A 12-month Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-styled intensive lifestyle program translated effectively in decreasing weight and improving fasting glucose compared to the GA group in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with prediabetes, suggesting that in the case of guided intervention programs, people are willing to participate and possibly change a sedentary lifestyle.
β-hydroxybutyrate Impedes the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Krishnan Manigandan , Hwang Jong Su , Kim Mikyung , Kim Yun Jin , Seo Ji Hae , Jung Jeeyoun , Ha Eunyoung
Published: February 2020

β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) has been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory activity. Apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) is strongly associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of β-OHB in the brain and the aorta of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-deficient mice. We found in Apo-E deficient mice that β-OHB attenuated lipid deposition in the choroid plexus (ChP) and decreased amyloid plaque in the substantia nigra pars compacta. We also found decreased CD68-positive macroglia infiltration of the ChP in β-OHB-treated ApoE-deficient mice. β-OHB treatment ameliorated IgG extravasation into the hippocampal region of the brain. In vitro study using ChP mice cell line revealed that β-OHB attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced ApoE-specific differentially expressed inflammatory ChP genes. Treatment with β-OHB reduced aortic plaque formation without affecting blood lipid profiles and decreased serum production of resistin, a well-established risk factor for both AD and atherosclerosis. Thus, the current study suggests and describes the therapeutic potential of β-OHB for the treatment of AD and atherosclerosis.
Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels are Negatively Associated with Platelet Number in a Cohort of Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Zupo Roberta , Castellana Fabio , Sardone Rodolfo , Lampignano Luisa , Di Noia Carmen , Savastano Silvia , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Pergola Giovanni
Published: February 2020

Background: Hypovitaminosis D and higher platelet numbers are emerging as cardiovascular risk factors, in particular in obese subjects. Methods: This observational study was aimed at investigating the relationship between platelet number and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a cohort of individuals affected by overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2). A sample of 341 subjects (248 women, 93 men), aged 18–71 years, taking no medication, was examined. Anthropometric, hormone, metabolic and common routine hematochemical parameters were examined and evaluated in association with platelet count and serum 25(OH)D levels. Results: Platelet numbers were inversely related to age (p < 0.04), 25(OH)D (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.04) levels, and directly associated with white blood cells (p < 0.01), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (p < 0.04), insulin levels (p < 0.002) and Homeostasis Model Assessment – Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.002). We applied statistical regression models to examine the relationship between platelet count (dependent variable) and parameters that had univariate associations with platelet numbers, showing that the association between platelet count and 25(OH)D was not confirmed. Moreover, vitamin D showed a negative independent association with BMI, diastolic blood pressure and serum insulin levels. Conclusions: This study indicates, for the first time, that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a parallel increase in platelet number, suggesting that higher platelet numbers may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to a greater cardiovascular risk in obese subjects. It also shows that vitamin D deficiency, a common condition in obesity, has independent associations with higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure and serum insulin levels.
Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity Level, and Sleep Behavior of Italian Junior High School Adolescents
Authors: Rosi Alice , Giopp Francesca , Milioli Giulia , Melegari Gabriele , Goldoni Matteo , Parrino Liborio , Scazzina Francesca
Published: February 2020

Inadequate diet, physical activity, and sleep-related behaviors are potential risk factors for overweight and obese, therefore we investigated the relations between body mass index (BMI) and behavioral factors in a sample of Italian adolescents. Four hundred nine Italian secondary school students (46% females, 12.5 ± 0.6 y.o.) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measures, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED), physical activity level (PAQ-C), sleep duration, daytime sleepiness (PDSS), sleep quality, and school achievement data were collected through an online questionnaire. The percentage of overweight adolescents was slightly lower (14%) compared to the regional and the national figures. Approximately 88% of the sample reported a medium/high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and 77% a moderate/vigorous physical activity level. The average sleep duration was in line with the international sleep recommendation for adolescents and 82% had a medium/high sleep quality. No differences were found between genders except for BMI (lower in females). Unexpectedly, no differences were found among the BMI groups (normal weight vs. overweight vs. obese) for lifestyle variables; in contrast, Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with sleep habits. Further investigation is required to better explore the associations among behavioral variables involved in adolescents’ healthy development.
From Religious to Cultural and Back Again: Tourism Development, Heritage Revitalization, and Religious Transnationalizations among the Samaritans
Authors: Urien-Lefranc Fanny
Published: February 2020

The Samaritans form a community of about 810 people split between Mount Gerizim (West Bank) and Holon (Israel). Through tourism of holy sites and cultural heritage promotion, this article examines different ways in which religion can be used as a cultural resource. How do these phenomena contribute to the emergence of a transnationalization of religion in the globalized context?
Alanine Substitution Inactivates Cross-Reacting Epitopes in Dengue Virus Recombinant Envelope Proteins
Authors: Zomosa-Signoret Viviana C. , Morales-González Karina R. , Estrada-Rodríguez Ana E. , Rivas-Estilla Ana M. , Devèze-García M. Cristina , Galaviz-Aguilar Edgar , Vidaltamayo Román
Published: February 2020

The expansion of the habitat of mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes genus puts nearly half of the world’s population at risk of contracting dengue fever, and a significant fraction will develop its serious hemorrhagic complication, which can be fatal if not diagnosed properly and treated in a timely fashion. Although several diagnostic methods have been approved for dengue diagnostics, their applicability is limited in rural areas of developing countries by sample preparation costs and methodological requirements, as well as cross-reactivity among the different serotypes of the Dengue virus and other flavivirus, such as the Zika virus. For these reasons, it is necessary to generate more specific antigens to improve serological methods that could be cheaper and used in field operations. Here, we describe a strategy for the inactivation of cross-reacting epitopes on the surface of the Dengue virus envelope protein through the synthetic generation of recombinant peptide sequences, where key amino acid residues from Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and 2 (DENV-2) are substituted by alanine residues. The proteins thus generated are recognized by 88% of sera from Dengue NS1+ patients and show improved serotype specificity because they do not react with the antibodies present in seroconverted, PCR-serotyped DEN-4 infected patients.
Pyrazinamide induced photodermatitis: a case report
Authors: A. Heena Kauser  , T. Saranya  , Robin George  , E. Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2020

Photosensitivity reactions due to pyrazinamide are rare. In this report, a case of pyrazinamide induced photodermatitis has been reported in a patient who is one anti-tuberculosis treatment. The patient developed rashes with burning sensation which are worsened on exposure to sun. These rashes had developed since 5 days following 15 days of start of anti-tubercular drugs. Thus these kinds of adverse reactions can be prevented on early detection and reporting these can help in decrease the morbidity rate of tuberculosis with use of pyrazinamide in the treatment regimens.
Terapia de fotobiomodulação no tratamento das lesões orais da síndrome de Stevens-Johnson: relato de caso
Authors: Amaral Rocha Breno , Rodrigues de Melo Filho Mário , Nogueira dos Santos Luís Antônio , Soares Silveira Sílvio Leonardo , Simões Alyne
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson é uma reação rara que se manifesta por exantema que evolui para um extenso deslocamento epidérmico. Na maioria dos casos, há o surgimento de lesões dolorosas em mucosa oral, que podem reduzir a ingestão de nutrientes e dificultar a higiene bucal. A terapia de fotobiomodulação pode ter um importante papel antálgico, na modulação da inflamação e na cicatrização dessas lesões. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico no qual as lesões orais da Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson foram tratadas com o auxílio da terapia de fotobiomodulação. Relato de caso: Paciente de 17 anos, do sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, apresentava-se com edema labial, úlceras orais, febre e odinofagia intensa, com tolerância apenas para dieta líquida. Encontrava-se com redução da ingestão alimentar, sem comunicação oral eficiente e com interrupção da higiene bucal devido a dor intensa. A terapia de fotobiomodulação foi utilizada no tratamento das lesões orais. Conclusão: A terapia de fotobiomodulação auxiliou na redução da dor, favoreceu a ingestão de alimentos por via oral e reduziu o tempo de cicatrização das lesões.
Conhecimento do tratamento de hiperfosfatemia e adesão às orientações nutricionais após intervenção em indivíduos em hemodiálise
Authors: Soares Torres Melo Adriana , Ribeiro Elias Maria Amélia , Silva de Aguiar Aline
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O controle da hiperfosfatemia é um desafio no tratamento de pacientes hemodialíticos, sendo um dos principais objetivos a serem alcançados. O acompanhamento nutricional e a prática de atividades educativas contribuem para o sucesso na adesão ao tratamento. Objetivo: Descrever, em indivíduos em hemodiálise, o conhecimento do tratamento da hiperfosfatemia, bem como avaliar o possível impacto das orientações nutricionais nos níveis séricos de fósforo após intervenção nutricional em participantes do programa de HD no Hospital Universitário na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Material e métodos: Estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois com 35 pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico, com 18 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, em diálise há, pelo menos, dois meses e que haviam passado por, pelo menos, uma consulta com a nutricionista do setor. Foram coletados do prontuário dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e aplicados questionário de frequência alimentar adaptado e recordatório 24h para avaliação do consumo alimentar, além de questões fechadas sobre o conhecimento das causas da hiperfosfatemia, alimentos ricos em fósforo e uso de quelantes. A intervenção foi realizada mediante a utilização de cartilha educativa. Após a intervenção foram verificados os níveis séricos de fósforo, considerando hiperfosfatemia valores >5,5 mg/dL. Resultados: Na amostra, 57,1% (n=20) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 61,8 ± 14,3 anos e tempo médio em diálise de 61,1 ± 68,9 meses. A prevalência de hiperfosfatemia antes da intervenção era de 60% (n=21) e ao final da intervenção houve redução para 25,7% (n=9). Houve diferença na redução dos níveis séricos de fósforo quando comparadas as médias antes e depois da intervenção [(5,9 ± 1,3 mg/dL; 4,9 ± 1,7 mg/dL; p<0,001)]. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a intervenção educativa possivelmente contribuiu para melhorar a compreensão e adesão ao tratamento, tendo um papel complementar no manejo da hiperfosfatemia de pacientes dialíticos.
Prevalência de diabetes no Vale do Jequitinhonha e associação com fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e condições de saúde
Authors: Paula Elenice dos Santos , Nunes Santos Juliana , Nogueira Nunes Ana Paula , Da Silva Edson
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma das doenças que mais demandam ações, procedimentos e serviços de saúde. Por ser uma condição crônica, tais situações relacionadas ao DM acarretam altos gastos para o sistema de saúde e constituem um fardo global para a saúde pública com impacto significativo nas economias dos estados. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de DM na população do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e identificar o perfil dos indivíduos entrevistados pelo PAD-MG relacionando a presença de DM entre os entrevistados com as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e condições de saúde. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo secundário de análise dos dados de indivíduos do Vale do Jequitinhonha que relataram ter diabetes na PAD-MG, realizada em 2013 pela Fundação João Pinheiro. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra e análises bivariadas. Para as variáveis categóricas foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado e para as variáveis quantitativas foi realizado o teste Mann-Whitney. A regressão binária logística foi realizada considerando o nível de significância p≤0,001. Resultados: A prevalência de DM na mesorregião do Jequitinhonha foi de 4,2%. Houve associação (p<0,001) entre a variável resposta e as variáveis sexo, idade, hipertensão, doenças cardíacas, percepção de saúde regular ou ruim e internação no último ano. Conclusão: O DM mostrou-se prevalente na mesorregião do Jequitinhonha e apresentou associação estatística com as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e condições de saúde estudadas.
Est-ce la faute à Shakespeare ?
Authors: Legouis Pierre
Published: February 2020

Une représentation récente, en France, du Marchand de Venise a «modernisé » Portia. Par exemple, dans la scène du procès celle-ci apparaît non en robe de juge mais en costume de voyage. Cette rupture avec la tradition, pour moderne qu’elle soit, n’a-t-elle pas sa source dans une contradiction du texte de Shakespeare ?
The Cycle of Chicano expérience in "...and the earth did not part" by Tomas Rivera
Authors: Rocard Marcienne
Published: February 2020

Rivera’s work «...and the earth did not part » presents through a series of selections a picture of the Texas Chicano rural experience and of the intellectual and moral crisis of the young narrator-hero. The time duration is one year, symbolically represented by twelve stories which take place during several months of the year. The first selection introducing the fictional narrator and the last serving as a recapitulation provide the artistic frame ; they show the author-narrator transforming the cycle of painful years and the cycle of thoughts imprisoning his mind into a work of art.
Résonances millénaristes d'une polémique religieuse, dans l'Angleterre du seizième siècle
Authors: Vénuat Monique
Published: February 2020

The title suggests the occurrence of the millenarian ideas in the texts of the English reforming polemists in the sixteenth century, given that they resort to images and themes taken from biblical prophecies, particularly from the Book of Revelation.

This paper will concentrate on the reference to such themes in the writings of Thomas Cranmer, then Archbishop of Canterbury, in the controversy over the Eucharist in which, under Edward VI, he was opposed to the conservative bishop Stephen Gardiner. An attempt will be made to illustrate the manner in which such themes as the struggle between the chosen few, disciples of Christ, and the wicked, servants of the Antichrist, provide convenient support for Cranmer' s argument against the Roman Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist.
Nature and Man Restored : Mysticism and Millenarianism in Andrew Michael Ramsay
Authors: Baldi Marialuisa
Published: February 2020

Avant la restitution générale des êtres déchus la terre et tous ses habitants, écrit Ramsay (1686-1743 ), doivent connaître une restauration totale qui leur redonnera leur beauté originelle et paradisiaque. Astrea doit revenir sur la terre. Suivant la méthode de la prisca sapientia, Ramsay se réclame de la mythologie ancienne et moderne pour proposer l'idée d'un renouvellement de l'âge d'or. Cette idée se relie à une théorie de trois états de la nature et de l'homme — exalted, decayed, renewed — que Ramsay utilise pour éliminer la difficulté majeure qui risque d'affaiblir la religion devant la critique des libres penseurs : à savoir la question de l'existence du mal physique et moral. Le philosophe écossais emprunte ladite théorie des trois états à l'Oeconomie divine de P. Poiret (traduite en anglais en 1713) ; il connaît également le prophétisme des Newtoniens et la mystique millénariste anglaise et européenne ; comme il réagit au radicalisme politique, il critique enfin les interprétations matérielles et grossières du second avènement du Christ.

Dans le royaume éternel de Dieu le Père, qui suivra le millennium, les méchants seront eux aussi sauvés. L'origénisme et la doctrine du pur amour, développée par Madame Guy on et Fénelon, sont à la base de cette idée concernant le rétablissement final de tous les êtres. C'est seulement après la consommation des temps que Dieu sera tout en toutes choses.