bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic fabrication of tunable alginate-based microfibers for the stable immobilization of enzymes
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ye Wenbo , Wang Ya-Jun , Yan yunfeng
Published: March 2022

Immobilized enzymes have drawn widespread attention due to the enhanced
stability, easy separation from reaction mixture, and the prominent
recyclability. Nevertheless, it is still an ongoing challenge to develop
potent immobilization techniques which are capable of stable enzyme
encapsulation, minimal loss of activity, and modulability for various
enzymes and applications. Here, microfibers with tunable size and
composition were fabricated using a home-made microfluidic device. These
microfibers were able to efficiently encapsulate bovine serum albumin
(BSA), glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). But the
physically adsorbed enzymes readily diffused from microfibers into the
catalytic reaction system. The leakage of enzymes could be substantially
inhibited by conjugating to polyacrylic acid (PAA) and incorporating
into the alginate-based microfibers, enabling stable immobilization,
improved recyclability, and enhanced thermostability. In addition, GOX
and HRP-loaded microfibers were fabricated under the optimized
conditions for the visual detection of glucose using the cascade
reaction of these enzymes, showing sensitive color change to glucose
with concentration range of 0-2 mM. Due to the tunability and
versatility, this microfluidic-based microfiber platform may provide a
valuable approach to the enzyme immobilization for the cascade catalysis
and diagnoses with multiple clinical markers.
Responses of soil, herbaceous vegetation and ants to woody debris additions in restored old fields in a multi-site Before-After-Control-Impact experiment
Authors: Parkhurst Tina , Prober Suzanne , Farrell Mark , Standish Rachel
Published: March 2022

Ecological restoration of former agricultural land can improve soil
condition, recover native vegetation, and provide fauna habitat.
However, restoration benefits are often associated with time lags, as
many attributes, such as leaf litter and coarse woody debris, need time
to accumulate. Here we experimentally tested whether adding fine and
coarse woody debris to a decade-old restoration sites can accelerate
restoration benefits. We used a Multi-site Before-After / Control-Impact
design to test the effects on 30 response variables over a period of two
years, including those describing soil physical and biochemical
properties, herbaceous vegetation and ant communities. We analysed the
data using linear mixed-effect models and perMANOVAs. Of the 30 response
variables, a significant effect of mulch or log additions was found for
just four variables: volumetric water content, decomposition of tea
leaves, native herbaceous species cover and species richness of
opportunistic ants. Mulch addition had a positive effect on soil
moisture when compared to controls but suppressed growth of native (but
not exotic) herbaceous plants. Whilst other soil properties such as
organic matter and dissolved organic carbon showed a positive response
to mulch addition, the effect was not statistically significant. On
plots with log additions, decomposition rates of tea leaves decreased,
and species richness of opportunistic ants increased. However, we found
no effect on total species richness and abundance of other ant
functional groups. The benefit of mulch to soil moisture was offset by
its disbenefit to native herbs in our study. Logs increased species
richness of opportunistic ants, but given time, may provide habitat for
cryptic species. Indeed, benefits to other soil biophysical properties,
vegetation and ant fauna may require longer timeframes to be detected.
Further research is needed to determine whether the type, quantity and
context of mulch and log additions may improve restoration outcomes.
Genome-Scale Modelling of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by Hybrid Semi-Parametric Flux Balance Analysis
Authors: Ramos João R. C. , Oliveira Gil P. , Dumas Patrick , Oliveira Rui
Published: March 2022

Flux balance analysis is currently the standard method to compute
metabolic fluxes in genome-scale networks. Several variations employing
diverse objective functions and/or constraints have been published. Here
we propose a hybrid semi-parametric version of flux balance analysis
that combines mechanistic-level constraints (parametric) with empirical
constraints (non-parametric), at the genome-scale. A CHO dataset with 27
measured exchange fluxes obtained from 21 reactor experiments served to
evaluate the method. The reduced CHO genome-scale model comprehended 686
metabolites, 788 reactions and 210 degrees of freedom. The experimental
flux dataset could be compressed to 6 principal components retaining
93.7% of explained variance. The conjugation of both types of
constraints is coded as a linear program with comparable computational
cost as standard flux balance analysis. The hybrid flux balance analysis
showed a significant reduction in the specific growth rate prediction
error in comparison to the non-hybrid version. The hybrid method was
eventually used to design a metabolically efficient feed to extend cell
expansion from 9.87 Mcell/ml to 22.48 Mcell/ml at the point of induction
with minimal accumulation of byproducts. It is concluded that the
predictive advantage of the hybrid method resulted from the statistical
abstraction of regulatory mechanisms, which were absent in the standard
flux balance analysis.
Mode of birth among women with one previous caesarean section in the Netherlands: a 20-year population-based study
Authors: Koorn Ian , Vis Linda , Verschueren Kim , Rosman Ageeth , Akker Thomas van den
Published: March 2022

Objective Describe changes over time regarding mode of birth and
perinatal outcomes in women with one previous caesarean section in the
Netherlands over the past 20 years. Design Population-based study.
Setting Nationwide. Population All women with one previous caesarean
section and no previous vaginal birth, who gave birth to a term
singleton in cephalic presentation between 2000 and 2019 (n=143,308).
Methods Analysis of Dutch perinatal registry data. Main outcome measures
Primary: mode of birth per year, intended vaginal birth versus planned
caesarean section. Secondary: failed versus successful vaginal birth in
case of intended vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC), and adverse
perinatal outcome (perinatal mortality up to 28 days, low Apgar score at
5 minutes, asphyxia, and NICU admission >24 hours). Results
A decrease of 21.5% was seen in women with one previous caesarean
section intending VBAC in a subsequent pregnancy, from 77.2% in 2000 to
55.7% in 2019, with a marked acceleration from 2009 onwards. The VBAC
success rate dropped gradually, from 71.0% to 65.3%. Overall caesarean
section rate (planned and unplanned) increased from 45.1% to 63.6%.
Adverse perinatal outcomes were higher in women intending VBAC compared
to planned caesarean section. However, after an initial decrease,
perinatal mortality remained stable from 2009 onwards with only a
minimal difference between both modes of birth. Conclusions In the
Netherlands, the proportion of women intending VBAC after a previous
caesarean section has decreased markedly, particularly from 2009
onwards. This decrease was not accompanied by a synchronous decrease in
perinatal mortality after that year.
Snort ids system visualization interface for alert analysis
Authors: Gavrilovic Nadja , Ciric Vladimir , Lozo Nikola
Published: March 2022

Over the past decades, the rapid Internet development and the growth in the
number of its users have raised various security issues. Therefore, it is of
great importance to ensure the security of the network in order to enable
the safe exchange of confidential data, as well as their integrity. One of
the most important components of network attack detection is an Intrusion
Detection System (IDS). Snort IDS is a widely used intrusion detection
system, which logs alerts after detecting potentially dangerous network
packets. A major challenge in network monitoring is the high volume of
generated IDS alerts. A necessary step in successful network protection is
the analysis of the great amount of logged alerts in search of deviations
from normal traffic that may indicate an intrusion. The goal of this paper
is to design and implement a visualization interface for IDS alert analysis,
which graphically presents alerts generated by Snort IDS. Also, the proposed
system classifies the alerts according to the most important attack
parameters, and allows the users to understand evolving network situations
and easily detect possible traffic irregularities. An environment in which
the system has been tested in real-time is described, and the results of
attack detection and classification are given. One of the detected attacks
is analyzed in detail, as well as the method of its detection and its
possible consequences.
Robust DOA estimation of complex correlated signals in non-Gaussian CES distributed models
Authors: Abeida Habti
Published: March 2022

The sample covariance matrix (SCM) is commonly used in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods when the noise or observations are circular complex Gaussian (C CG) distributed. However, with a very heavy-tailed non-Gaussian noise model, the SCM-based DOA estimation methods fail to provide an accurate estimate of DOA. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the resolving capability of subspace-based circular (C) and non-circular (NC) multiple signal classification (MUSIC) DOA estimation methods of arbitrarily narrowband correlated signal sources corrupted by circular complex elliptical symmetric (C CES) distributed noise. It evaluates the robustness of these methods for correlated C and NC sources by employing the robust complex M-estimators instead of SCM. It study also the effects of correlation on robust MUSIC-based DOA estimation algorithms accuracy as a function of the magnitude and phase of the correlation coefficients. Simulations results show that the NC MUSIC algorithm which requires fewer sensor elements yields robust estimates of DOA for correlated sources than the C MUSIC algorithm using the M-estimators.
Using an Electronic Health Record and Deficit Accumulation to Pragmatically Identify Candidates for Optimal Prescribing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Lenoir Kristin M. , Usoh Chinenye O. , Williamson Jeff D. , Brown LaShanda Y. , Moses Adam W. , Hinely Molly , Neuwirth Zeev , Pajewski Nicholas M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Despite guidelines recommending less stringent glycemic goals for older adults with type 2 diabetes, overtreatment is prevalent. Pragmatic approaches for prioritizing patients for optimal prescribing are lacking. We describe glycemic control and medication patterns for older adults with type 2 diabetes in a contemporary cohort, exploring variability by frailty status.

Research Design and Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study based on electronic health record (EHR) data, within an accountable care organization (ACO) affiliated with an academic medical center/health system. Participants were ACO-enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes who were ≥65 years of age as of 1 November 2020. Frailty status was determined by an automated EHR-based frailty index (eFI). Diabetes management was described by the most recent A1C in the past 2 years and use of higher-risk medications (insulin and/or sulfonylurea).

Results

Among 16,973 older adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 75.2 years, 9,154 women [53.9%], 77.8% White), 9,134 (53.8%) and 6,218 (36.6%) were classified as pre-frail (0.10 < eFI ≤0.21) or frail (eFI >0.21), respectively. The median A1C level was 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) with an interquartile range of 6.2–7.5%, and 74.1 and 38.3% of patients had an A1C <7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and <6.5% (48 mmol/mol), respectively. Frailty status was not associated with level of glycemic control (P = 0.08). A majority of frail patients had an A1C <7.5% (58 mmol/mol) (n = 4,544, 73.1%), and among these patients, 1,755 (38.6%) were taking insulin and/or a sulfonylurea.

Conclusion

Treatment with insulin and/or a sulfonylurea to an A1C levels <7.5% is common in frail older adults. Tools such as the eFI may offer a scalable approach to targeting optimal prescribing interventions.
Utility of Diabetes Type–Specific Genetic Risk Scores for the Classification of Diabetes Type Among Multiethnic Youth
Authors: Oram Richard A , Sharp Seth A , Pihoker Catherine , Ferrat Lauric , Imperatore Giuseppina , Williams Adrienne , Redondo Maria J. , Wagenknecht Lynne , Dolan Lawrence M. , Lawrence Jean M , Weedon Michael N , Jr Ralph D’Agostino , Hagopian William A , Divers Jasmin , Dabelea Dana
Published: March 2022

Objective: Genetic
risk scores (GRS) aid classification of diabetes type in white European adult
populations. We aimed to assess the utility of GRS in classification of
diabetes type among racially/ethnically diverse youth in the U.S.

Research Design
and Methods: We generated type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) specific GRS in 2045
individuals from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. We assessed the
distribution of genetic risk stratified by diabetes type defined by
autoantibody positive or negative (DAA+/-) and insulin sensitive (IS) or
insulin resistant (IR) and self-reported race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic
and other).

Results: T1D
and T2D GRS were strong independent predictors of etiologic type. The T1D GRS
was highest in the diabetes autoantibody positive insulin sensitive group and
lowest in the diabetes autoantibody negative insulin resistant group, with the inverse
relationship observed with the T2D GRS. Discrimination was similar across all
racial/ethnic groups but showed between race/ethnicity differences in score
distribution. Clustering by combined genetic risk showed diabetes autoantibody
positive insulin resistant and diabetes autoantibody negative insulin sensitive
individuals show a greater probability of T1D than T2D. In diabetes
autoantibody negative individuals, genetic probability of T1D identified individuals
most likely to progress to absolute insulin deficiency.

Conclusion: Diabetes type specific GRS are consistent predictors
of diabetes type across racial/ethnic groups in a U.S. youth cohort, but future
work needs to account for differences in GRS distribution by ancestry. T1D and
T2D GRS may have particular utility for classification of diabetes autoantibody
negative children.
Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Severe Hypoglycemia, and All-Cause Mortality in Postpancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus Versus Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Olesen Søren S. , Viggers Rikke , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Vestergaard Peter , Jensen Morten H.
Published: March 2022

Objective: Post-pancreatitis diabetes
mellitus (PPDM) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis and associates with poor
glycemic control. We investigated the risk of adverse diabetes related outcomes
in PPDM compared to type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In this Danish population-based
cohort study, we included adults (>18 years) with
incident PPDM or type 2 diabetes between 1998 and 2018 through national health registries. PPDM was further divided into acute/chronic subtypes
(PPDM-A and PPDM-C). We ascertained
risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), severe hypoglycemia, and
all-cause mortality as well as incidence rates of severe hypoglycemia. We
compared risk and incidence rates across diabetes subgroups using multivariate
Cox- and Poisson regression analyses.

Results: We identified 383,325 people with incident type 2 diabetes, 3,418
with PPDM-A and 2,461 with PPDM-C. Compared to type 2 diabetes, PPDM-C was
associated with increased risks of severe hypoglycemia (HR 5.27; 95% CI 4.62–6.00,
P<0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.45–1.64, P<0.001). Similar
patterns were observed for people with PPDM-A. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for
severe hypoglycemia were increased in both PPDM-C (IRR 7.38; 95% CI 6.75–8.08,
P<0.001) and PPDM-A (IRR 3.76; 95% CI 3.36–4.21, P<0.001) compared to
type 2 diabetes. Findings were
consistent in an analysis restricted to people on insulin and in an analysis
including pancreatitis patients without diabetes as comparator group.

Conclusions: Compared
to type 2 diabetes, PPDM is associated with excess risk of adverse diabetes
related outcomes. This has important implications for management.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa International Online Community: Patient Characteristics and a Novel Model of Treatment Effectiveness
Authors: Barak-Levitt Jen , Held Ron , Synett Yossi , Kremer Noa , Hodak Emmilia , Sherman Shany
Published: March 2022

Treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa is diverse, yet frequently unsatisfactory. The aims of this study were to create a reproducible artificial intelligence-based patient-reported outcome platform for evaluation of the clinical characteristics and comorbidities of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, and to use this to grade treatment effectiveness. A retrospective patient- reported outcome study was conducted, based on online questionnaires completed by English-speaking patients registered to the hidradenitis suppurativa StuffThatWorks® online community. Data collected included patient characteristics, comorbidities and treatment satisfaction. These were recoded into scalable labels using a combination of machine learning algorithm, manual coding and validation. A model of treatment effectiveness was generated. The cohort included 1,050 patients of mean ± standard deviation age 34.3 ± 10.3 years. Greater severity of hidradenitis suppurativa was associated with younger age at onset (p < 0.001) and male sex (p < 0.001). The most frequent comorbidities were depression (30%), anxiety (26.4%), and polycystic ovary syndrome (16.6%). Hurley stage I patients rated topical agents, dietary changes, turmeric, and pain relief measures more effective than tetracyclines. For Hurley stage II, adalimumab was rated most effective. For Hurley stage III, adalimumab, other biologic agents, systemic steroids, and surgical treatment were rated more effective than tetracyclines. Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa often have comorbid psychiatric and endocrine diseases. This model of treatment effectiveness provides a direct comparison of standard and complementary options.
Debut of Psoriasis is usually before Debut of Concomitant Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based Retrospective Study
Authors: Agerberg Klas , Rönnblom Anders
Published: March 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Real-life Use of Bexarotene for T-cell Cutaneous Lymphoma Management: Efficacy and Tolerance with Low Doses
Authors: Rouanet Jacques , Joulie Ines , Lambert Celine , D'Incan Michel
Published: March 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
A Research on the Cuisine Culture off the Abhazs Living in Düzce
Authors: Mesci Zeynep , Yavuz Aslınur
Published: March 2022

Düzce province has received significant immigration from the Caucasus region in the past. Communities who came to Düzce through immigration brought their food cultures to this region with them. One of the most important of these migration communities is Abkhazians. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the culinary culture of Düzce Abkhazians, who contribute to the culinary culture of Düzce. In the study, the culinary culture of the Abkhaz living in Düzce was introduced and the products they used and the main dishes were tried to be determined. In this context, the study is limited to Yeşilyayla (Bıçkı) Village, Halilbey (Tsihinara) Village, Darıyeri Hasanbey Village and Derdin (Guma) villages, which are connected to Düzce province and where Abkhazians live. Qualitative research method was used in the study. Within the scope of the study, the data were obtained by interview technique. In order to better reflect the Duzce Abkhaz culinary culture, Abkhaz participants living in Düzce were preferred. As a result of the study, it was concluded that traditional foods still exist in Abkhaz cuisine, meat and vegetable dishes are in the majority, and dessert culture is not very common.
Patrick MacGill: A Path to Socialism Shared with Jack London
Authors: Logue Mike
Published: March 2022

Until relatively recently the works of the early twentieth-century Irish novelist Patrick MacGill have been neglected by literary commentators. MacGill made his reputation, initially, through his poetry that was centred on the hard lives and conditions of the ‘Navvy’ – the itinerant labourers of the British industrial world. He subsequently published two novels that record the conditions of the Irish migrant agricultural and industrial labourers in Scotland, namely The Children of the Dead End and The Rat-Pit, establishing his reputation as a social commentator of the lower reaches of the working class. Several literary commentators such as Jack Mitchell (1982), Seamus Deane (1985), Owen Dudley Edwards (1986), and Terry Phillips (2010), have considered these early works to have a socialist view while others, Lochlinn McGlynn (1944), and Joe Mulholland (1972) have admired the descriptive skills and the realism in his writings. This article considers their points and places in context MacGill’s education in socialism in Greenock and Glasgow around 1909 and highlights examples where his socialist views are manifestly visible outside his novels. Patrick MacGill and Jack London were writers whose early literary works are formed of their experiences in the lower layers of the working class. In this article, the similarities in the formative years of MacGill and those of Jack London are exposed showing a striking commonality in their experiences that leads them both to socialism and to record those experiences in literature.
Trans-gendering the Irish Na(rra)tion: Neil Jordan’s Breakfast on Pluto
Authors:   University of Illes Baleares, Spain, Iglesias-Díaz E. Guillermo
Published: March 2022

Occupying a relegated position as it does in Neil Jordan’s filmography, it is my contention that Breakfast on Pluto is one of his most transgressive films. Not only does it cross the most evident boundaries of heteronormative gender roles by giving a transvestite the central position in the story, but also blends film genres as a way of vindicating hybridisation at all levels, challenging other modern categorisations as those informing Irish national identity. Thirteen years after The Crying Game (1992) was released, Irish filmmaker Neil Jordan returns to the intersectional issues of gender and national identity in his adaptation of Patrick McCabe’s novel Breakfast on Pluto (1998). However, apart from the presence of a transvestite and the shadow of sectarian violence looming throughout the narrative, these films have little else in common: the dull, grey atmosphere of an obscure drama involving kidnap and murder by the IRA in The Crying Game contrasts sharply with the bright colours, ironic drive and parody in Breakfast on Pluto, a story about growing up in Ireland as an orphan transvestite who yearns for romantic true love. Moreover, while Jordan’s first feature film was defined as a romantic drama with thriller hues, Breakfast moves between comedy and drama, the bildungsroman and the melodrama. This generic ambivalence goes hand in hand with Jordan’s transgressing approach to the question of gender and national identity as a strategy to challenge fixed understandings of those labels as natural and given and, for that reason, the violence inflicted on the main character (and, by extension, on any Other body that does not fit those categories).
Image of a Woman in Social Advertising in Italy
Authors: Ivanova A. A.
Published: March 2022

The problems of the formation of a woman image and the development of a gender approach in social advertising in Italy are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the high importance of social advertising in modern society and the increased interest in gender studies. The author considered examples of visual-graphic and visual-cinematic advertising. Examples of political manifestos and campaign posters are analyzed that precede the phenomenon of social advertising and are very close to it in their purpose. The results of the study make it possible to judge the late gender orientation of socially important messages. The following stages of representation of the female image in social advertising have been identified. From the middle of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century, the image of Tower Italy was used on posters. During the First and Second World Wars, the role of women in society was rethought, the image of a woman-inspirer, a woman-mother, a homemaker appeared on campaign posters. The selection of a woman as a direct addressee of socially significant messages occurs after the end of the Second World War, which reflects the progress in the development of women’s rights and freedoms and is simultaneously associated with the emergence of a gender approach in advertising. Since the second half of the 20th century, the traditional image of a woman-mother and a housewife has been used in social advertising, the thematic range of advertising addressed to a female audience has expanded significantly. Since the beginning of the 21st century, social advertising has paid great attention to the problem of domestic violence and discrimination against women, which is reflected in the videos and posters of public, charitable and commercial organizations.
Concept of Path in Novels “The Way of Muri” by Ilya Boyashov and “Chronicles of a Stray Cat” by Hiro Arikawa
Authors: Osmukhina O. Yu. , Sukhikh O. S.
Published: March 2022

The novels “The Way of Muri” by Ilya Boyashov and “Chronicles of a Stray Cat” by Hiro Arikawa from the point of view of the concept of the path are examined in the article. The relationship between the motive of the road and the image of the animal is analyzed. The comparative-historical method of research makes it possible to reveal the presence of significant parallels in the problems and poetics of the works. It has been established that the image of the road, traditionally symbolizing the path of life, in the novels of I. Boyashov and H. Arikawa is actualized in relation to the animal, and not only to man. Animals and people in these works, in search of a home as their place in life, go through a certain path both in terms of space, and in time, and in psychological terms. In both novels, the animal has the ability to make decisions on its own and have its own path in life, but at the same time, its path is inextricably linked with the fate of people who for it personify the home, native space, the harmony of being. Both I. Boyashov and H. Arikawa comprehend the way as the essence of being and consider it one of the constants of life for both man and animal.
V.N. Tatishchev and Organization of First Verbal Schools in Urals
Authors: Safronova A. M.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the issue of opening the first verbal schools of the mining department in the Urals in 1721. V. N. Tatishchev, appointed by the Berg Collegium as the head of state-owned factories in 1720, decided to open literacy schools at two factories that were then in the mining department, and settlements assigned to them. In the very first normative document that regulated the activities of the factory commissar, he devoted one of the chapters to schools. The document is of particular interest as the first pedagogical experience of V. N. Tatishchev, who assumed responsibility for organizing verbal schools without waiting for the approval of the Berg Collegium. The norms of punishment concerning the reasons for opening schools, the duties of the commissioner for their arrangement, the duties of teachers, determining the sources of their support through special collections of money from local residents are analyzed in the article. The plan conceived by V. N. Tatishcheva was successfully implemented; in 2-3 years, more than a hundred children of factory residents, church ministers, landless peasant, and peasants learned to read and write in schools. Gradually, the factory authorities increased their share in the financing of schools up to the appointment of state salaries for needy schoolchildren.
Formation of System of Medical Institutions in Tobolsk North in XIX — Early XX Centuries
Authors: Tsys V. V.
Published: March 2022

The history of the creation and development of the system of medical institutions on the territory of the Tobolsk North (within the modern borders — the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs) in the pre-revolutionary period is studied. It is noted that since the mid-1830s, a network of medical centers has been organized in the region: three hospitals, up to a dozen paramedical stations, medical barracks in fishing fields and steamship piers. The state played the main role in this. It financed medical institutions, provided personnel, necessary equipment and medicines, regulated activities through legislation and by-laws, and controlled the organization of medical care by entrepreneurs. Particularly rapid growth in the network of hospitals and feldsher stations was observed at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, which was facilitated by the involvement of the region in market relations, the intensification of the resettlement process, and the implementation of the legislative act of May 10, 1888 “On the arrangement of a rural medical unit in the provinces of Tobolsk and Tomsk”. It is indicated that in matters of providing medical care, the indigenous population was in a privileged position in comparison with the Russians, since they received it free of charge. Difficulties in creating a system of modern medical institutions in the Tobolsk North were noted: a shortage of personnel not only for doctors, but also for paramedical personnel, especially in rural areas; the extreme dispersion and rarity of villages, which made it difficult to regularly monitor the health of local residents, the slow pace of modernization. It is concluded that the opinion about the extremely low level of development of medicine in the region is not fully fair.
Epistemic Causality in Literary Discourse of M. Amis
Authors: Petrenko S. A. , Petrenko A. Ph.
Published: March 2022

Epistemic causal relations in the discourse of Martin Amis are studied on the example of complex statements with the connector because, which expresses the non-self-causal relationship between propositions. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of studying the logical and semantic essence of causality as a basic category of human thinking. The mechanism of causal argumentation is considered from the point of view of the cognitive interaction of cause-and-effect elements of discourse.  Attention is paid to epistemic argumentative relations, which are a sequential unfolding of the thought process with the reverse / regressive conditionality of events, where the opinion-conclusion is followed by the argument from which this conclusion was formulated. A wide range of functional and semantic roles of the causal connector as an explicator of epistemic causality is described. The contextual analysis of microsituations with the connector because reveals a variety of logical connections between inversely related propositions, as well as in constructions close to paratactic ones. The specificity of the functional capabilities of the conjunction under study is described, which leads the authors to create a classification of epistemic causal relations with the causal conjunction because in English is described. Four epistemic functions of the connector because are identified: discursive-reflexive, expressive-epistemic, implicit-epistemic, and logical-discursive.
Prospects for an EU macro-regional approach in the Black Sea region
Authors: Vladova Galya , Knieling Jörg
Published: March 2022

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of the first EU macro-regional strategies as a new instrument for territorial governance. This paper argues that both the benefits and limitations of the macro-regional approach are largely determined by the existing territorial, political, institutional and socio-cultural context of each big transnational area. Studying the debate about macro-regionalisation of the European territorial cooperation, the paper assesses the prospects for projection of the macro-regional idea upon the Black Sea area. It analyses the complex Black Sea regional context, marked by ongoing political and economic changes, studies the cooperation landscape in the area and concludes that despite the existing high level of multi-functionality in the Black Sea, the region currently lacks clear perspectives for the development of a comprehensive macro-regional approach.
Critical Cities volume 3
Authors: Tanulku Basak
Published: March 2022

Inequality is a matter of everyday life and cities are places where inequality is experienced more violently. As Deepa Naik and Trenton Oldfield argue, cities, particularly large metropolises are sites to generate and reproduce inequalities, a similar process seen in different parts of the world. They suggest this is a result of what they call the “urban industry”. Critical Cities Volume 3—the third in a series published by “This Is Not a Gateway” (TINAG) platform—is an attempt to explore various urban inequalities. The editors, Naik Deepa and Trenton Oldfield, are actively involved in bringing forward various forms of inequalities related to cities. They formed the platform, which organizes the annual festival bringing together a wide variety of people working on and interested in urban issues. They also run Myrdle Court Press, an independent publishing house, and organise “Salons” to discuss urban and spatial issues. In addition, Deepa Naik and Trenton Oldfield also advise various cultural and not-for-profit organisations, charities, private businesses, independent publishers and organises courses, produces articles for a range of publications, prepares lectures, and presents research findings at various conferences, festivals and similar events.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Rapid and Simultaneous Approach to Predict the Fixed Carbon, Volatile Matter and Ash Contents in Biochar Produced from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Munawar Agus Arip , Devianti  , Satriyo Purwana , Bahari Shahril Anuar
Published: March 2022

Presented paper aimed to employ the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and simultaneous method for quality assessment of biochar samples made of agricultural waste materials (chatter bamboo; firewood; coconut shell). Spectral data were obtained in the wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm, while actual fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash contents were observed using standard chemical analysis. Moreover, prediction models were established using two different regression approaches: principal component regression and partial least square regression. Prediction performances were evaluated by assessment of several statistical indicators, such as correlation coefficient and ratio of prediction to deviation index. The results showed that PLS generated a better prediction performance with maximum r coefficient and RPD index – 0.89 and 2.26 for fixed carbon; 0.93 and 2.84 for volatile matter; 0.90 and 2.30 for ash content. Based on the results acquired, it can be concluded that NIRS is usable for the purposes of a rapid and simultaneous approach to biochar quality determination.
Optimized Mathematical Model of a Grain Cleaning System Functioning in a Combine Harvester using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Abdollahpour Shamsollah , Hakimzadeh Mehdi
Published: March 2022

The performance of grain combine harvesters is determined by three factors: threshing power, losses and fuel consumption. Loss can be reduced by separating processes and providing a suitable mathematical model for each of them by examining and measuring the factors influencing loss and optimizing their function. This model is then to be used for the purposes of controlling the system. An important process that has a significant impact on combine loss is the cleaning system. This study modelled and optimized the function of a cleaning system using response surface methodology (RSM). Feed rate, fan speed, and upper sieve opening were considered independent variables; the percentage of grain passage, content of materials-other-than-grains (MOG), and semi threshed cluster (s.t.c.) passing through the upper sieve were viewed as dependent variables. The results showed a significant effect of all three independent variables on the percentage of free grains with a probability level of 0.01. However, not all interactions were significant. Moreover, it was found that only mechanical factors had a significant effect on the percentage of s.t.c. passing, while fan speed and all interactions showed no significant effect. All three independent variables significantly affected the MOG content passing. An appropriate exponential model was found for all three dependent variables. Subsequently, the optimal conditions were determined for the maximum passage of free grains through the upper sieve and the minimum MOG at 3.33 kg·s−1 feed rate, 742 rpm fan speed, and an upper sieve with 10 mm openings with a desirability of 0.84, based on RSM modelling.
Cost of diagnosing and treating cognitive complaints: One-year cost-evaluation study in a patient cohort from a Slovenian memory clinic
Authors: Županič Eva , Wimo Anders , Winblad Bengt , Kramberger Milica Gregorič
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Dementias present a global health challenge and give rise to significant economic costs. This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of one-year outpatient healthcare, nursing home, and formal and informal home help costs for all patients referred to the Centre for Cognitive Impairments at the Department of Neurology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Slovenia.

Methods

Data was acquired retrospectively from physicians’ records and the costs for 2015 were calculated. Total costs were estimated by means of a bottom-up calculation of outpatient visits, diagnostic examinations and anti-dementia medication. In a subgroup of 120 patients with dementia, the Resource Utilization in Dementia questionnaire was used to estimate formal and informal care costs.

Results

A total of 720 patients visited the memory clinic in 2015. Diagnosis at first visit was subjective cognitive or mild cognitive impairment (SCI/ MCI) for 322 patients, dementia for 258 patients, and psychiatric or other disorders for 140 patients. The average annual cost per patient was EUR 578. It was highest for patients with dementia (EUR 751), EUR 550 for patients with SCI/MCI, and lowest for patients with psychiatric and other disorders (EUR 324). Monthly informal and social care costs were between EUR 1,037 and EUR 3,369, depending on the methodology used.

Conclusion

The cost of diagnosing a cognitive disorder depends on how extensive the diagnosis is. With an estimated prevalence of 34,137 persons with dementia in Slovenia, basic diagnostic investigations incur costs of approximately EUR 7 million. Direct medical costs represent a smaller portion of total dementia costs; this is because annual costs for formal and informal home help are estimated at EUR 265 million and nursing home placements at EUR 105 million.
ADAPTASI ATAP DAN BUKAAN PADA BANGUNAN KOLONIAL
Authors: Nur hidayat Arief wahyu
Published: March 2022

Kota Jakarta terletak di daerah tropis yang lembab, sehingga bangunan bangunan tradisionalnya selalu bersifat “terbuka”. Pada abad 17 beberapa langgam arsitektur yang dibawa dari Belanda yang beriklim dingin tersebut apabila dilihat dari aspek kenyamanan termal di daerah tropis-lembab jelas amat bertentangan. Dengan adanya perbedaan iklim, budaya, sumber daya manusia dan bahan material yang didapatkan mempengaruhi desain arsitektur neoklasik yang diterapkan di masing – masing tempat. Metode Kuasi Kualitatif digunakan untuk menemukan apa saja adaptasi yang dilakukan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Variabel yang diteliti terdiri dari atap dan bukaan pada fasade bangunan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hipotesa, tidak semua bangunan kolonial Belanda di Indonesia memiliki sun shading sebagai pelindung fasade bangunan terhadap iklim Indonesia.
TINGKAT KEBERLANJUTAN ASPEK VIABILITY DI RUANG PUBLIK PADA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Lokasi Studi: Alun-Alun Bandung)
Authors: Maghfirroh Adiena
Published: March 2022

Pada masa Pandemi COVID-19 saat ini, peran ruang publik sangat penting bagi masyarakat perkotaan untuk bersosialisasi, kegiatan olahraga dan aktivitas ekonomi tetapi dengan para pengguna untuk tetap dapat saling menjaga jarak fisik sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat keberlanjutan pada aspek viability di alun-alun Bandung pada masa Pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kajian literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat keberlanjutan pada aspek viability di alun-alun Bandung dan tidak terdapat perubahan secara elemen fisik di alun-alun Bandung pada masa Pandemi COVID-19.
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT RATIO AND SIZE FIRM ON RETURN SAHAM FOOD AND BEVERAGE
Authors: Chandra Kristian
Published: March 2022

The objective of the research is to analyze the influence of current ratio and size firm to stock return. In this study the subjects taken were stocks that entered the food and beverage sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2010 - 2015. The selection of samples in this study was conducted by Purposive Sampling in order to obtain a representative sample according to predetermined criteria. The number of food and beverage industry samples that meet the criteria are 13 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2015. The data analysis technique used regression analysis with the help of the EViews program. The results confirm that the current ratio has a positive but not significant effect on stock returns and the size firm has a negative and significant effect on the return of food and beverage stocks listed on the IDX in 2010-2015.
THE EFFECT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSMENT ON BRAND IMAGE AND TRUST BRAND AND IT'S IMPACT TO PURCHASEINTENTION CASE STUDY: OPPO SMARTPHONE
Authors: Takaya Rowlan
Published: March 2022

The problem of this research investigates the importance of celebrity endorsment onThe brand image and brand trust towards of purchase intention on Oppo smartphone.The objectives of this research was analyzed the effect of celebrity endorsement to brand image, the effect of celebrity endorsement to brand trust, the effect brand image to purchase intention, the effect brand trust to purchase intention and the effect celebrity endorsement to purchase intention.The methodology of this research was survey research, where the instrument of this research is questioner. The population of this research is the citizen of Jakarta who knows the smartphone Oppo products. A sample of this research is 150 respondents using purposive sampling methode. Validity test of the instrument use Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the reliabilitas test use Alpha Cronbach technique. The methode analised with AMOS program version 22.0Finding and contribution in this research was celebrity endorsment positively affects the brand image and brand trust, brand image and brand trust positivily affects to purchase intention. Credibility is considered the most important characteristic of a brand and is a key focus of this research.Research limitations/ implication in this research was this research used a smartphone product to test the model and I collected data only from Jakarta. Such. A direct recommendation is that future studies should be conducted using a broarder consumer sampel to achieve generalizability and in another country may yield different result.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Online Impulse Buying during Pandemic COVID-19 Do consumers regret after doing online impulse buying
Authors: Wulandari Hevitara , Risqiani Renny
Published: March 2022

Online shopping became a consumer choice during the covid 19 pandemic, this study aims to analyze the antecedents and consequences of impulsive purchases at online stores during the covid 19 pandemic. Data were collected online from 202 respondents who had made purchases at e-stores in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that flow state had a positive and significant effect on online impulse buying, while risk perception and customer satisfaction had no significant effect. However, customer satisfaction is influenced by perceived usefulness and E-store performance confirmation, while flow state is influenced by task skills and task challenges. The results of the last hypothesis in this study, found a positive effect of online impulse buying on post-purchase regret.
The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Involvement To Employee Loyalty in Pt. Bank Rakyat Indonesia of Kebayoran Baru Branch Office
Authors: Gani Nur Asni , Farhati Hilwah , Priharta Andry , Darto Darto , Sutrisno Bambang
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Involvement on Employee Loyalty at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), the Kebayoran Baru Branch office. The research method is quantitative with data collection through a survey using Google Forms distributed to employees of PT. Bank BRI Kebayoran Baru branch office with a total population of 193 and determining a sample with the Slovin formula as many as 45 respondents. The results showed that Perceived Organizational Support had an impact on employee loyalty and job involvement had an impact on employee loyalty. This research implies that PT. Bank BRI provides support to employees and involves employees in company activities, so that employees feel involved, and creates employee loyalty at Bank BRI Kebayoran Baru branch office.
THE DETERMINANTS ON COST OF DEBT IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Authors: Gea Wira Wijaya , Johan Suwinto
Published: March 2022

The manufacturing industry is the biggest contributor to the gross domestic product of Indonesia. The cost of debt is one of the factors for manufacturing companies in carrying out their operations. Lowering the cost of debt could attract manufacturing companies to raise funds through debt that will help the companies generate profit. This research figures out the impact of factors that may affect the cost of debt. This study is quantitative research that uses multiple regression as statistical analysis to test the hypotheses by using E-views 10 as a tool. The data population is manufacturing firms in Indonesia and samples are manufacturing firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2019. The results show that institutional ownership, debt to equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio impact the cost of debt. While managerial ownership, firm size, and return on assets do not impact the cost of debt.
The Effect of Lean on Improving the Quality of Higher Education in Indonesia
Authors: Oktarian Andri , Surjasa Dadang
Published: March 2022

Higher education essentially needs to pay attention to the quality of its graduates, whether it is by the current market demand for the world of work. To provide a quality education service, it is not enough to make improvements within the tertiary institution. In general, Lean management in tertiary institutions has 3 fields, namely the field of education, the field of research, and the field of service. The principles and practices of Lean management applied in universities are the same as those applied to the service, manufacturing, or government sectors. To eliminate wasted time, it is necessary to eliminate complexity, cost, or activities that do not add value. Lean principles such as just-in-time can be applied to a better quality of learning and research. This paper examines how Lean principles can be applied to education and research in universities - Lean Higher Learning and Lean Research with a focus on value flow analysis for better quality improvement of learning and research.