bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of forward head posture correction on craniovertebral angle, neck disability, and spinal electromyography: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elsayed Walaa H , Alowa Zaenab A
Published: December 2024

Background

Forward head posture (FHP) is a common malalignment affecting the cervicothoracic spine. This deviation is associated with neck disability and muscle imbalance.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of FHP correction using regional versus comprehensive spinal programs on the craniovertebral (CV) angle, neck disability, and spinal muscle activity.

Methods

Sixty participants with FHP were randomly assigned to receive either a cervicothoracic correction program (control group) or a cervicothoracic plus lumbopelvic program (experimental group). The CV angle, neck disability index (NDI), and normalized electromyography as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) from spinal muscles were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

Post-intervention, both groups showed significant improvement across time in CV angle and NDI (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). However, the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. The NDI showed significant improvement only in the experimental group ( p = 0.005). The minimal clinical important difference (MCID) obtained was 6.44 for the NDI. A reduction in %MVIC over time was observed in both groups for cervical erector spinae (Right, p = 0.006, Left, p = 0.001). The between-group comparison of spinal muscle activation was not significantly different.

Conclusion

The study suggested that FHP management using a cervicothoracic or cervicothoracic plus lumbopelvic protocol could improve cervical posture and lower cervical muscle demand. Incorporating a lumbopelvic into the cervicothoracic protocol was more effective in reducing short-term neck pain and disability than a cervicothoracic protocol alone. A comprehensive spine program may be a clinically beneficial rehabilitation protocol for FHP to improve neck pain and disability.
Nomogram-Based model accurately predicts disease flare-ups in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Thitidechnisa Lianjie Wang Apipu , Wei Yifang , Chen Jing , Rui Hongbing , Huang Yu , Zheng Qing
Published: December 2024

Background: The accuracy of predicting axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) flares based on clinical experience is limited. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the previously designed nomogram prediction model in forecasting disease flares among rheumatologists and medical students. Methods: Patients who met the classification criteria for axSpA were enrolled in the study. Once a low ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS ≤ 2.1) was achieved, patients were monitored for 12 months to observe any disease flare-ups. Investigators assessed the likelihood of axSpA recurrence using the nomogram prediction model and their clinical experience, respectively. This allowed for a comparison of the predictive efficacy of both methods among the specialists and students. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index in which disease flare-ups were predicted by the rheumatologist using clinical experience were slightly lower than those obtained using the nomogram prediction model, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). In contrast, the indicators above by medical students using clinical experience were significantly lower compared to those predicted by the nomogram prediction model ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The nomogram prediction model is effective in predicting the probability of disease remission and flare-ups in axSpA patients with low disease activity, demonstrating good clinical practicality and usability. Medical students can also use this model to significantly enhance the accuracy of predicting axSpA flares.
Caribbean Narratives of Terminal Illness: Theoretical, Practical, and Ethical Considerations for Medical Education
Authors: Egalité Nathalie
Published: December 2024

First-person accounts of grieving from Caribbean perspectives provide important narrative knowledge; however, they are seldom categorized as narratives of illness and remain underrepresented in medical humanities curricula. This paper analyses two autobiographical works by Caribbean writers caring for dying family members, My Brother by Jamaica Kincaid, and The Zea Mexican Diary by Kamau Brathwaite. Both narratives reveal literary elements characteristic of pathographies (Hawkins, 1999). A distinctive Caribbean aesthetic sensibility, an elegiac dimension rooted in African heritage, underlies both narratives. Drawing from narrative theory, I demonstrate how Kincaid and Brathwaite illustrate myths that depart from Western cultural models. Medical students who develop skills in interpreting Caribbean stories should be better able to appreciate the experiences of patients and their families, identify cultural considerations, and anticipate communication problems encountered in clinical practice. Uniquely positioned to stimulate ethical reflection on patient care, Caribbean narratives about dying warrant inclusion in medical education.
Social Determinants of Quality of Life in the Last Year of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Multimorbidity
Authors: Ginggeaw Sangduan , LeBlanc Raeann , Chung Joohyun
Published: December 2024

Quality of life (QOL) at the end of life often declines in relation to various determinants, yet the role of social determinants, including social capital, in end-of-life care is frequently overlooked. This study aims to examine the association between social determinants and QOL in the last year of life and to test the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between social determinants and QOL among older adults with multimorbidity (MM). We used secondary data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) in Rounds 10 and 11, involving 3,085 adults aged 65 and older. The final analysis comprised 230 participants. Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the associations between social determinants and QOL, and path analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of social capital. The regression model showed that social capital was positively and significantly associated with QOL (β = 0.378, 95% CI [0.099, 0.657], SE = 0.139), as were mental conditions (β = 0.614, 95% CI [0.167, 1.062], SE = 0.194). The mediation analysis demonstrated that social capital functioned as a complementary mediator, partially mediating the relationship between mental conditions and QOL in the last year of life. These findings underscore the potential role of social capital in enhancing QOL at the end of life, particularly through its influence on mental health. The study highlights the need for healthcare practices and policies that promote social support systems and community-based care for older adults with MM. By addressing social capital, end-of-life care could be improved, resulting in better overall well-being for individuals facing the last stages of life.
Comparative Retrospective Study of PLLA and PLLA/HA Pins for Osteochondral Fragment Fixation in Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus
Authors: Moriwaki Dan , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ikuta Yasunari , Kawabata Shingo , Ishibashi Saori , Sakurai Satoru , Adachi Nobuo
Published: December 2024

Background:

Postoperative osteolysis may be observed around poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) pins in osteochondral fragments fixation for an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). Hydroxyapatite (HA) improves biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and mechanical strength when added to PLLA. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of osteolysis and clinical outcomes of fixation for OLT with PLLA pins vs PLLA/HA pins.

Methods:

Thirty-one ankles undergoing fixation with bioabsorbable pins for OLT were included. Fourteen ankles were fixed with PLLA/HA pins and 17 ankles with PLLA pins. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was taken pre- and postoperatively at 1 year. Osteolysis around pins, bone marrow edema (BME) in the talus, and pin insertion angle on MRI, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score were compared between the 2 groups pre- and postoperatively at 1 year. AOFAS score at the final follow-up was also compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

The osteolysis area was significantly smaller in the PLLA/HA group in both coronal and sagittal planes on MRIs obtained 1 year postoperatively. There were no significant differences in osteolysis frequency, BME area, AOFAS score, and VAS pain score. Lower pin insertion angles measured on either sagittal or coronal planes were generally associated with greater amounts of osteolysis.

Conclusion:

We did not find superiority using PLLA/HA pins compared with PLLA pins to fixate talar osteochondral fragments. However, PLLA/HA pin use was associated with less osteolysis around pins compared with PLLA pins.
Burden of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Underlying Etiologies in China, 1990-2021: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Long Jiaye , Cui Kai , Wang Du , Qin Shuxin , Li Zhong
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying etiologies in China are still unclear. Therefore, this study used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to evaluate the incidence and mortality of HCC and its underlying etiologies in China.

Methods

We extracted the incident cases, incidence rate, deaths, and mortality rate of HCC and its underlying etiologies in China in 1990 and 2021 from the GBD database. In addition, we used joinpoint regression analysis to assess the trend of the incidence rate and mortality rate of HCC and its underlying etiologies in China from 1990 to 2021.

Results

The incidence of HCC in China climbed from 96,434.35 in 1990 to 196,636.59 in 2021, while the number of deaths rose from 94,937.12 in 1990 to 172,068.40 in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of HCC in China decreased by 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.39) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.30), respectively. ASIR demonstrated a decreasing trend in HCC caused by different etiologies, such as HCC due to hepatitis B (HCCDHB), HCC due to hepatitis C (HCCDHC), and HCC due to other causes (HCCDOC), but an increasing trend in HCC due to alcohol use (HCCDAU) and HCC due to NASH (HCCDNASH). Between 1990 and 2021, ASMR showed a downward trend in HCCDHB, HCCDHC, and HCCDOC, while the trend in HCCDAU and HCCDNASH was not significant.

Conclusions

In the past 30 years, although the overall incidence rate and mortality of HCC in China have declined, the proportion of HCCDAU and HCCDNASH has increased due to the increasingly serious problems of alcoholism and obesity. Therefore, interventions are needed to address the issues of alcohol consumption and obesity in order to control the incidence of HCCDAU and HCCDNASH.
The Public Trust in Science Scale: A Multilevel and Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Reif Anne , Taddicken Monika , Guenther Lars , Schröder Justin T. , Weingart Peter
Published: December 2024

We developed and validated the Public Trust in Science (PuTruS) Scale to recognize the multidimensional nature of the concept. Drawing on an epistemic understanding of trust in science as a perception, we integrate prior research on different levels of trust objects, emphasizing the importance of trust in scientists. In addition, we include transparency and dialogue orientation to reflect increased public engagement expectations. Data from two German online panel surveys ( nW1 = 3,439; nW2 = 1,030) points toward a five-dimensional structure (expertise, integrity, benevolence, transparency, dialogue orientation). For external validation, we used deference to scientific authority, conspiracy beliefs, and science populism.
Association Between Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Around the Time of Pregnancy and Postpartum Contraceptive Use: Results from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016–2021
Authors: Huber-Krum Sarah , D’Angelo Denise V. , Bornstein Marta , Ruvalcaba Yanet , Tsukerman Kara , Zapata Lauren B. , Narasimhan Subasri
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the relationships between emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) before, during, and after pregnancy and postpartum contraceptive use. We used 2016–2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from seven sites ( n = 30,125). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess indicators of emotional IPV and provider counseling associated with postpartum contraceptive use. Emotional IPV 12 months before, during, and after pregnancy were all significantly associated with reduced odds of postpartum contraceptive use. Strengthening postpartum contraceptive services by integrating IPV prevention into care is an opportunity to improve the health of postpartum people.
Choosing an Analytical Approach in Case Study Research
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Inayat Shahzad
Published: December 2024

Case study methodology is useful for generating a holistic understanding of a complex and context-bound case or phenomenon. This editorial is the first in a series titled “Focus on Qualitative Data Analysis.” It aims to help researchers choose appropriate methods for conducting rigorous qualitative analyses across varied approaches. Future articles will address qualitative description, phenomenology, grounded theory, and narrative inquiry.
Bioinformatic Annotation of Transposon DNA Processing Genes on the Long-Read Genome Assembly of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Arata Yukinobu , Jurica Peter , Parrish Nicholas , Sako Yasushi
Published: December 2024

Transposable elements (TEs) or transposons are thought to play roles in animal physiological processes, such as germline, early embryonic, and brain development, as well as aging. However, their roles have not been systematically investigated through experimental studies. In this study, we created a catalog of genes directly involved in replication, excision, or integration of transposon-coding DNA, which we refer to as transposon DNA processing genes (TDPGs). Specifically, to bridge the gap to experimental studies, we sought potentially functional TDPGs which maintain intact open reading frames and the amino acids at their catalytic cores on the latest long-read genome assembly of Caenorhabditis elegans, VC2010. Among 52 519 TE loci, we identified 145 potentially functional TDPGs encoded in long terminal repeat elements, long interspersed nuclear elements, terminal inverted repeat elements, Helitrons, and Mavericks/Polintons. Our TDPG catalog, which contains a feasible number of genes, allows for the experimental manipulation of TE mobility in vivo, regardless of whether the TEs are autonomous or non-autonomous, thereby potentially promoting the study of the physiological functions of TE mobility.
Comprehensive insights of Sneddon syndrome: A clinical perspective
Authors: Alazzam Ahmad Yousef
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Sneddon’s syndrome is a rare thrombotic vasculopathy characterized by the coexistence of both cerebrovascular events and livedo reticularis.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to raise awareness among physicians by discussing the whole clinical spectrum of the disease. Typically, Sneddon syndrome presents in middle-aged women with a cerebrovascular accident and a preexisting skin rash, which is livedo reticularis. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, relying on a high index of suspicion. Management focuses mainly on reducing the risk of cerebral infarctions and alleviating symptoms.

CONCLUSION

Further research is necessary to better understand the disease’s nature, which will contribute to improving early diagnosis and optimal management.
Tribological behavior study of new titanium alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Teixeira Jean V. U. , Santos Adriana A. , Pinto Bruna O. , Capelin Guilherme R. , Pintão Carlos A. F. , Correa Diego R. N. , Grandini Carlos R. , Lisboa-Filho Paulo N.
Published: December 2024

Developing new titanium alloys and studying their feasibility for dental implants and orthopedic prostheses has been essential to avoid side effects and additional expensive surgeries. The goal of this contribution is to report the tribological behavior of two groups of alloys developed via arc melting, Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo. To compare the performance of the studied biomaterials, the surface preparation was performed using metallographic techniques. Subsequently, the XRD and microhardness tests were performed to complement the experiments. The tribological tests were accomplished with microscopic analysis to understand the surface modifications. The results indicated that both Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloys showed promising potential, with ternary alloy presenting better performance at low load (1.5 N), with binary alloys presenting superior performance at higher load until 15 N.
Interventions for improving treatment adherence in young people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A systematic review of behaviour change theory and behaviour change techniques
Authors: Screti Cassandra , Atkinson Lou , Shaw Rachel , Muhammed Rafeeq , Heath Gemma
Published: December 2024

Treatment adherence is important but challenging for young people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Behavioural interventions may support adherence, leading to improved condition management. This review aimed to evaluate interventions designed to improve treatment adherence in young people (aged 13–18) with IBD and identify their use of behaviour change theory and behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Five databases (PsycInfo, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched to identify eligible articles published between 1980 and 2022. Articles were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesised narratively. Seven articles reporting seven oral medication adherence interventions were included. Study designs included five randomised controlled trials and two single-arm clinical trials. Eleven BCTs were identified across seven articles. No article discussed how an intervention was informed by behaviour change theory. Interventions that included additional family members and/or offered tailored adherence support generally had greater effects, as did interventions including education and goal setting components. Reporting of intervention content was poor, limiting our ability to make concrete recommendations regarding intervention effectiveness, use of behaviour change theory and BCTs. Further research is needed to understand how theory-driven behaviour change interventions can improve treatment adherence in young people with IBD.
From false consciousness to functional necessities: rethinking ideology critique
Authors: Gante Markus
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses a shift in contemporary ideological justification and its implications for the critique of ideology. Traditionally, the critique of ideology aimed to dispel ideological illusions. However, it has become increasingly challenging to pinpoint these illusions. Instead, ideological justifications hinge more than ever on functional necessities, presenting themselves as the sole practical solution to a given problem. I argue that ideologies of functional necessities pose problems for the established standard model of ideology. In section 1, I discuss the standard model. In section 2, I introduce the “functionalist challenge” to the notion of ideology and lay out my reasoning for the contended inefficacy of simply dispelling ideological illusions. In section 3, I discuss the resulting problems for a critical theory of ideology and possible ways to address them.
Multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers and subtle cognitive decline in a population-based cohort without dementia
Authors: Weinstein Andrea M , Fang Fang , Chang Chung-Chou H , Cohen Ann , Lopresti Brian J , Laymon Charles M , Nadkarni Neelesh K , Aizenstein Howard J , Villemagne Victor L , Ilyas Kamboh M , Elizabeth Shaaban C , Gogniat Marissa A , Wu Minjie , Karikari Thomas K , Ganguli Mary , Snitz Beth E
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between subtle cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as measured by biomarkers in settings outside of specialty memory clinics is not well characterized.

Objective

To investigate how subtle longitudinal cognitive decline relates to neuroimaging biomarkers in individuals drawn from a population-based study in an economically depressed, small-town area in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA.

Methods

A subset of participants without dementia (N = 115, age 76.53 years ± 6.25) from the Monongahela Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) study completed neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of AD-signature region cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET) for amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and [18F]AV-1451-PET for tau deposition. Neuropsychological evaluations were completed at multiple timepoints up to 11 years prior to neuroimaging. Aβ positivity was determined using a regional approach. We used linear mixed models to examine neuroimaging biomarker associations with retrospective cognitive slopes in five domains and a global cognitive composite.

Results

Among Aβ(+) participants (38%), there were associations between (i) tau Braak III/IV and language decline (p < 0.05), (ii) cortical thickness and both memory decline (p < 0.001) and global cognitive decline (p < 0.01), and (iii) WMH and decline in executive function (p < 0.05) and global cognition (p < 0.05). Among Aβ(-) participants, there was an association between tau Braak III/IV and decline on tests of attention/psychomotor speed (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These findings confirm an Aβ-dependent early AD biomarker pathway, and suggest a possible Aβ-independent, non-AD process underlying subtle cognitive decline in a population-based sample of older adults without dementia.
Additional mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure underdosed with guideline-directed medication
Authors: Abe Takuro , Shirotani Shota , Takada Takuma , Yoshida Ayano , Hasegawa Shun , Kishihara Makoto , Fukushima Noritoshi , Saito Katsumi , Yamaguchi Junichi , Jujo Kentaro
Published: December 2024

Objective

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and beta-blockers decrease cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) as the dose increases. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) can also minimize CV mortality. This study aimed to investigate the potential of early administration of additional MRA to insufficient doses of RAASi and beta-blockers.

Methods

Among 609 hospitalized patients with HFrEF, we analyzed 401 patients who received either or both <50% target dose of RAASi and beta-blockers at discharge. They were divided into two groups based on the prescription of MRA: MRA (n = 287) and non-MRA (n = 114). We performed propensity score (PS) matching using diverse parameters at discharge.CV death was the primary endpoint.

Results

Among 401 unmatched patients with HFrEF, Kaplan–Meier analysis for the unmatched population did not show a statistical difference between the MRA and non-MRA groups (log-rank, p = 0.34). However, in the 160 PS-matched population, patients in the MRA group had a significantly lower CV mortality rate than those in the non-MRA group (hazard ratio: 0.29 [95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.79]).

Conclusions

Early administration of additional MRA in patients with HFrEF, even those who received insufficient target doses of RAASi and beta-blockers, may be a therapeutic option.
Engaging With New Mexico’s County and Tribal Health Councils: Practical Implications From a Co-created Online Resource to Enhance Academic and Community Collaboration Toward Health Initiatives
Authors: Killough Cynthia M. , Antonio Gerilyn , Rhyne Robert L. , Alarcón Valeria , Finarelli Sharon , Pandhi Nancy
Published: December 2024

The Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) model fosters equitable partnerships between communities and academic institutions to promote health equity. This model emphasizes shared control over all phases of the research process and recognizes the limited power and inequalities experienced by marginalized communities. At our institution, Community Engagement Liaison Specialists (CELS) build relationships with New Mexico communities, guided by CBPR principles. The CELS collaborate with county and Tribal Health Councils, addressing community mistrust toward health research and academic institutions and promoting projects of interest to both academic researchers and the community. To support these efforts, we developed a website called “Ways to Engage with New Mexico’s County & Tribal Health Councils,” through a rigorous collaborative process involving university researchers, CELS, and the New Mexico Alliance of Health Councils. This resource provides historical context, lessons learned, and guidance for researchers who plan to engage with Health Councils. We offer implications for practice summarizing the lessons learned from the CELS work including collaboration on this website.
Epilepsy Therapies Symposium | Do We Really “Outgrow” Seizures?
Authors: Ostendorf Adam , Waldman Genna J. , Jehi Lara , Ilyas Mohammed , Naritoku Dean , Goldman Alica M.
Published: December 2024

Initiation and maintenance of antiseizure therapy can be relatively straightforward in most patients. Depending on epilepsy type, patients may be more or less likely to enter remission or a resolution of their epilepsy and the International League Against Epilepsy developed clinically guiding definitions in this regard. The mechanisms by which resolution or remission are achieved are poorly understood which complicates clinical decision making and risk estimate for future seizure relapse. The impetus for the maintenance of medical therapy in a seizure-free patient is also age-dependent. In children, one ought to consider the unknown effects of antiseizure medications on the developing brain while family planning, lifestyle, education, or employment are some of the issues that affect the decision making in adults. Patients who enter remission following surgical remediation of their epilepsy represent a distinct category and medication discontinuation is influenced by a number of factors. Another important consideration is comorbidities that often affect medication choices and maintenance. When formulating a management strategy, patient preferences together with careful evaluation and precise and accurate epilepsy diagnosis are key towards guiding medical or surgical management, prognostication for seizure freedom, relapse risk, options for medication discontinuation, and understanding risks and types of comorbidities.
The effects of learning during Swedish naval training: a quantitative study of simulation-based exercises—a case study
Authors: Hindorf Marie , Liif Ellen , Jonson Carl-Oscar , Lundberg Lars , Jonsson Anders , Berggren Peter
Published: December 2024

Simulation-based training (SBT) has a positive effect on learning. The aim of this study was to examine perceived learning of a command and control (C2) team in a Swedish naval exercise conducted in two settings (low and high fidelity). The participants were part of the permanent C2 team onboard a vessel in the Navy and could maintain their ordinary roles during the SBT. A within-group design was used whereby the C2 team first took part in the low-fidelity setting followed by the high-fidelity setting. The questionnaires used in this study were developed based on the learning objectives for the exercise, and questions were asked as statements. The results indicate that SBT may constitute a learning opportunity. The conclusion of the research highlights the same learning effects in a low-fidelity setting.
INWORKS and Hiroshima/Nagasaki Leukaemia Results
Authors: Chaplin Ken Robert
Published: December 2024

The Hiroshima/Nagasaki (H/N) studies by the Radiation Effect Research Foundation have not shown increased leukaemia for acute doses below 200 milli-gray (mGy). By contrast the INWORKS study of leukaemia in workers stated: “This study provides strong evidence of positive associations between protracted low-dose radiation exposure and leukemia”. The INWORKS study also claimed increased leukaemia, not including Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, at cumulative occupational doses of less than 100 mGy. This is contrary to the expectation that the H/N studies would show more severe effects than the worker study because the doses were acute instead of chronic and because the H/N studies included children who had higher rates of radiation induced leukaemia than adults. This paper shows that the INWORKS leukaemia study is consistent with the H/N studies in showing no increase in leukaemia in the low-dose range. In addition, any increase in leukaemia is confined to Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, possibly from high radiation dose-rates or chemicals.
Gender-related drivers of adolescents’ civic engagement
Authors: Kobaidze Ketevan , Javakhishvili Nino
Published: December 2024

The study examined the influence of gender variables, as a predictor and moderator of adolescencts’ civic engagement. The gender variables were operationalized as student’s gender, as well as their personal and family gender equality stereotypes and teacher gender tolerance, while civic engagement was operationalized via prosocial behavior, prosocial emotions and prosocial values. Two hundred and ninety 12-13-year-olds completed questionnaires measuring situational and personal drivers and outcomes of youth civic engagement in Georgia. Results showed that personal and family gender equality stereotypes predict adolescents’ prosocial values and emotions, but not prosocial behavior. Student’s gender had a moderating effect on situational predictors and all three outcomes of civic engagement, demonstrating that boys are more influenced by their environment than girls. These findings confirm that gender socialization still plays a key role in children’s upbringing and has consequences in terms of shaping their prosociality. These differences among girls and boys should be accommodated in education policy and citizenship education interventions.
What’s new in the pediatric spine?
Authors: Ilharreborde Brice , Helenius Ilkka , Studer Daniel , Hasler Carol , Kruyt Moyo , Mineiro Jorge , Ovadia Dror , Farrington David , Pesenti Sebastien , Yazici Muharrem ,   EPOS Spine Study Group
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The field of pediatric spine surgery has encountered major changes and evolutions lately, with new treatment options available and the development of enabling technologies. This article aims to summarize the most relevant recent literature.

Materials and methods:

The five most relevant topics were selected and assigned to one or two authors who performed a comprehensive Pubmed database search for articles published in the last 4 years (2021–2024). Only studies with a high level of evidence or clinical relevance were reported.

Results:

Thirty-nine articles were selected and analyzed, covering the following subjects: treatment options in tweeners, the impact of new medical treatments in pediatric spine practice, the emergence of new surgical techniques, the development of enabling technologies in scoliosis surgery, and recent relevant randomized controlled trials.

Discussion:

Many new surgical concepts and techniques have been developed lately, but their results need to be further assessed on specific subgroups of patients. Numerous significant medical improvements have been reported in the last 5 years, affecting positively the management of syndromic and neuromuscular patients.
Building open scholarly infrastructure: A journey of collaboration and diplomacy
Authors: Pentz Edward
Published: December 2024

This article expands on the Miles Conrad Award lecture delivered at the NISO Plus 2024 conference. Drawing from over three decades in scholarly publishing, including twenty-four years at Crossref, Edward Pentz, the Executive Director of Crossref, explores the critical role of collaboration and diplomacy in developing open scholarly infrastructure. The piece examines key inflection points in scholarly communication, lessons learned from collaborative initiatives, and future challenges and opportunities in the field. It also reflects on the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion in shaping the future of open scholarly infrastructure.
Updating the ISO 25964: A core metadata standard
Authors: Hlava Marjorie MK
Published: December 2024

The ISO 25964-1 Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies—Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval, creation, management, and use standard is undergoing a significant revision from the 2011 edition. The use cases for thesauri (or taxonomies) have expanded, considerably driving the revision. Thesauri are no longer solely used in learned publishing and libraries. This paper provides a brief history and discusses the new needs, the use cases, and then the actual changes to the standard. The data model is updated to include support for web navigation, chat boxes, online shopping, knowledge graphs/maps, artificial intelligence, among other use cases. Content is now digitized or born digital, and its distribution is virtual. Thesauri have always supported search and indexing/tagging of content. They are now the preferred alternative to traditional subject headings. This paper outlines the revision process and provides an overview of the specific revisions and additions. For example, the inclusion of Global Uniform Identifiers (GUIDs), list of connected standards, expanded examples in many non-Latin languages, guideline references for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), addition of concept and concept term, substantial updates to the Annexes, references, and much more. The revision was made available for comment and Vote July 30, 2024.
Knowledge powered by artificial intelligence
Authors: Pichman Brian
Published: December 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized knowledge management, offering unprecedented capabilities for creating, proofing, summarizing, and evaluating documentation. This paper explores how AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, can streamline the development of knowledge articles while addressing ethical concerns such as data ownership and bias. We examine practical applications, including real-time collaboration, multilingual support, personalized information retrieval, and automated knowledge forecasting. Additionally, we explore AI’s role in bridging legacy systems, reducing biases, and enhancing decision-making. Ultimately, AI extends beyond generating content, shaping a more efficient, inclusive, and innovative approach to knowledge management. This article is based upon a presentation given at the 2024 NISO Plus Conference that was held in Baltimore, MD, USA, February 13–14, 2024.
An overview of the 2024 NISO Plus Baltimore Conference
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie
Published: December 2024

This paper offers an overview of some of the highlights of the 2024 NISO Plus Baltimore Conference that was held February 13–February 14, 2024. While this was the fifth such conference, it was the first to be held in-person since 2020 as the following three were held in a completely virtual format due to the global impact of COVID-19. These conferences have emerged from the merger of NISO and the National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services (NFAIS) in June 2019, replacing the NFAIS Annual Conferences and offering a new, more interactive format. The ultimate goal of the NISO Plus conferences is to have a discussion, identify information industry problems and, with the collective wisdom of the speakers and audience who are representative of the information industry stakeholders, generate potential solutions that NISO or others can develop. As with prior years, there was no general topical theme (although the impact of Artificial Intelligence was a common thread throughout), but there were topics of interest for everyone working in the information ecosystem—from the practical subjects of persistent identifiers, standards, metadata, data sharing, Open Science, and Open Access to the potential future impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning.
Are people living with Huntington's disease experiencing person-centered integrated care?
Authors: Bartolomeu Pires Sandra , Kunkel Dorit , Goodwin Nicholas , Dace Sally , Culliford David , Kipps Christopher , Portillo Mari Carmen
Published: December 2024

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is among the most complex long-term neurological conditions, necessitating care and management from multiple partners within and beyond the health sector. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing how individuals receive this multifaceted care and whether current care provision adequately meets their needs. Objective: To understand if current care provision is meeting the complex needs of people living with HD in England and assess their perceived need for integrated care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was co-designed with patient and public representatives, as part of a mixed-methods study to explore what integrated care means for people living with HD. The survey was distributed online and via charities, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were performed. Results: A total of 153 people, from 45 counties in England, participated in the survey. When assessing person-centered coordinated care, 65% of respondents rated their care as very poor, poor, or expressed a neutral opinion; carers reported the lowest scores. Although 58% of the participants said it was extremely important to have a care coordinator, only 19% of people reported having one, with these coordinators being identified in only 40% of the counties. Nevertheless, people with access to a care coordinator reported markedly improved care experiences. Conclusions: People living with HD commonly report fragmented care, geographical inequalities in care access, and unmet complex needs. Future research should focus on developing an HD integrated care model tailored to address these complex needs, including an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of an HD care coordinator.
The earth in the model: The nomothetic, idiographic, and plural epistemic aims of planetary modelling
Authors: Sánchez-Dorado Julia
Published: December 2024

The nineteenth-century distinction between the nomothetic and the idiographic approach to scientific inquiry can provide valuable insight into the epistemic challenges faced in contemporary earth modelling. However, as it stands, the nomothetic-idiographic dichotomy does not fully encompass the range of modelling committments and trade-offs that geoscientists need to navigate in their practice. Adopting a historical epistemology perspetive, I propose to further spell out this dichotomy as a set of modelling decisions concerning historicity, model complexity, scale, and closure. Then, I suggest that, to address the challenges posed by these decisions, a pluralist stance towards the cognitive aims of earth modelling should be endorsed, especially beyond predictive aims.
Development and initial validation of the multilingual Swiss version of the brief parental burnout scale
Authors: Caviezel Schmitz Seraina , Krüger Paula
Published: December 2024

Parental burnout (PB) has adverse effects on parents and children. The aim of the present study was to develop a multilingual version of the Brief Parental Burnout Scale (BPBS) adapted to the Swiss context in order to (1) provide practitioners working with families in different language regions of Switzerland with a screening tool, and (2) to estimate initial prevalence rates for risk of PB. Overall, results indicate, that the Trilingual Swiss BPBS (3-L-BPBS) is a promising screening tool, allowing for early detection of parents at risk and therefore for the prevention of negative consequences of PB. Further, results suggests that a substantial proportion of Swiss parents is at moderate to high risk for PB, with prevalence rates varying between language regions. However, additional research is needed to further validate the 3-L-BPBS and to deepen our understanding of the impact of structural and cultural differences on PB.
Fast weighted least squares for detail and tone enhancement of medical images
Authors: Bian Wenyan , Dong Wenzheng , Zheng Qiang , Gu Qian , Bian Shihui , Yang Yang
Published: December 2024

Background

The limitations in current medical imaging systems often result in poor visibility and insufficient detail. Such low-quality images hinder the decision-making of medical professionals. The weighted least squares (WLS) model provides a prevalent framework for detail and tone manipulation, but it is non-trivial to solve.

Method

We propose a fast solution to the WLS model. Instead of addressing a large linear system or approximating two-dimensional image processing with multiple one-dimensional procedures, we demonstrate that the model can be solved efficiently using an iterative algorithm. We leverage our method for the detail and tone enhancement of medical images.

Results

(1) For detail enhancement, on the three subsets of X-ray images, the spatial-spectral entropy-based quality (SSEQ) values are 21.15, 29.46, and 31.36; the convolutional neural networks image quality assessment (CIQA) values are 17.67, 25.60, and 26.01; on the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging images, the SSEQ and CIQA values are 14.01 and 16.93; it achieves peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) ≥39.39 and structural similarity index (SSIM) ≥0.99; (2) for tone enhancement, the tone mapped image quality index, fidelity, and naturalness values are recorded at 0.7905, 0.9300, and 0.0090; it achieves PSNR ≥50.09 and SSIM ≥0.99. Notably, our method processes a 720P color image in 0.0725 seconds on a modern graphics processing unit.

Conclusion

The proposed method enhances the detail and tone of medical images. It addresses computational challenges inherent in traditional approaches. Its adaptability to diverse applications suggests a promising avenue for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in clinical practice.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement on the Right Side of the Falciform Ligament to Prevent Obstruction by the Omentum
Authors: Doig F , Kheslat H , d’Udekem Y , Namachivayam S P , Iyengar A J
Published: December 2024

We describe a simple and reproducible technique for neonatal peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion following cardiac surgery which prevents the catheter from becoming blocked by the omentum.
Healthcare Mistreatment is Associated With Psychological Distress, Suicidality, and Substance Use Among Transgender and Nonbinary Emerging Adults
Authors: Bosse Jordon D. , Kantor Lane Z. , Wang Yu-Chi , Korkodilos R. , Reisner Sari L. , Ehrensaft Diane , Herman Jody L. , Katz-Wise Sabra L.
Published: December 2024

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) emerging adults in the United States experience mistreatment inside and outside healthcare settings, which may contribute to known mental health and substance use inequities. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between provider and healthcare setting mistreatment with past 30-day severe psychological distress, illicit substance use, binge drinking, and past year suicidal ideation among TNB emerging adults (18–25 years; N = 10,203) who sought healthcare in the previous year. In sociodemographic-adjusted, multivariate, logistic regression models, all mistreatment types were associated with worse mental health and illicit substance use. Structural interventions to improve interdisciplinary healthcare providers’ attitudes and knowledge, combined with inclusive healthcare policies are needed to ensure TNB emerging adults are treated with respect and dignity.
Rehabilitation technology in assessment and treatment of arm and hand function in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A single subject experimental design study
Authors: Fossmo Hanne Ludt , Ørstavik Kristin , Gurandsrud Aagot , Frich Jan C , Robinson Hilde Stendal
Published: December 2024

Background:

Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a slowly progressive hereditary neuromuscular disorder affecting several organ systems including the musculoskeletal system.

Objective:

To examine the effects of rehabilitation technology on arm and hand function in the assessment and treatment of adults with DM1 with moderate to severe muscle impairment.

Methods:

A single subject experimental design study (SSED) with 6 participants. The assessments were done weekly through remote study assessments using the video-conference system Whereby®. Participants performed the nine-hole peg test (NHPT), active range of motion (AROM) of the shoulder and patient reported outcome measures (PROMS). Three participants also measured grip and pinch strength and performed the Nut and Bolt task. The intervention was a three-week in-patient rehabilitation stay with the use of rehabilitation technology for exercising arm and hand function. Exercises were performed in AMADEO and the ArmeoSenso. The participants exercised the upper extremities for 30 min 5 times a week.

Results:

Improvement on the NHPT test on the dominant hand were found for five of the six participants. Three of six improved on the non-dominant hand and in AROM. Two of the three participants that measured pinch and grip strength improved, and all three improved on the Nut and Bolt task. Self- reported function, myotonia and fatigue remained stable. All participants were able to participate in video assessments.

Conclusions:

Impairment in arm- and hand function affects independence in people with DM1.Our findings suggest that exercising arm- and hand using rehabilitation technology may have a positive effect on function measured by dexterity, strength, and movement in DM1. There is a need to study the effect of exercise on arm- and hand function in DM1 in larger studies. The use of video-consultations can be a supplement in assessment of people with neuromuscular conditions in research and clinical practise.
Factors Influencing Practice Decisions Among Plastic Surgery Residents and Early-Career Plastic Surgeons in Canada
Authors: Hunt Sarah C. , Grant Aaron , Simpson Andrew M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Trends within the Canadian plastic surgery workforce demonstrated that most work in academic or medium-large community practice. Recent studies observed more plastic surgeons are incorporating aesthetics into their practice. This study aims to identify factors influencing how plastic surgery residents and early-career plastic surgeons in Canada choose their eventual practice with respect to practice type and practice location. Methods: A REDCap survey was distributed to plastic surgery residents and early-career plastic surgeons across Canada between February and May 2024. Demographics, training information, career information, and Likert-scale questions for factors involved in decision-making were surveyed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests. Results: There were 45 residents and 30 early-career plastic surgeon respondents. Mixed practices that included aesthetics were the most popular practice types among residents (73%) and early-career surgeons (77%). Half (53%) of early-career surgeons were working in urban settings with more than 1 million people, and 44% of residents desired these locations. Hometown factors heavily influenced practice type and location ( P < .0001), more than training experiences. Positive interactions (94%), operating time (90%), partner opinion (87%), and hospital resources (86%) were ranked as the most important factors involved in practice decisions. Conclusion: Mixed practices that include aesthetics were the most popular among our up-and-coming Canadian workforce, especially in urban settings. These changing practice trends may impact our ability as a specialty to adequately meet the needs of the Canadian population. Recruitment efforts should focus on promoting a supportive workplace and local environment, with adequate operating time and resources.