bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Položaj Slovencev v Državi Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov
Authors: Perovšek Jurij
Published: February 2021

Stopnja Države Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov (Država SHS), oblikovane 29. oktobra 1918, ima v slovenskem narodnem razvoju pomembno mesto, kajti v njej so si Slovenci prvič v novejši zgodovini vladali sami. Dejavnik takega narodnopolitičnega položaja je bila prva slovenska vlada – Narodna vlada SHS v Ljubljani (Narodna vlada). V njej so bili z izjemo za zunanje zadeve združeni vsi najvišji izvršni in upravni organi oblasti. Slovenska samostojnost v Državi SHS je temeljila v obsegu državne oblasti, ki jo je izvajala Narodna vlada. Ta je sprva upoštevala pristojnosti, ki si jih je pridržalo Narodno Vijeće SHS v Zagrebu (Narodno Vijeće), najvišji organ oblasti v Državi SHS (vodenje zunanjih in vojaških zadev, izvrševanje pravice pomilostitve, razveljavljanja zakonov in imenovanje višjih uradnikov). Sčasoma pa je Narodna vlada začela izvajati državno oblast tudi na področjih iz pristojnosti Narodnega Vijeća. To so v državnopravnem pogledu sankcionirali z Naredbo celokupne vlade o prehodni upravi v ozemlju Narodne vlade SHS v Ljubljani, ki jo je sporazumno z Narodnim Vijećem 21. novembra 1918 izdala Narodna vlada. S to Naredbo je Narodno Vijeće pooblastilo Narodno vlado, da upravlja Slovenijo. Tako opredeljeno razmerje med Narodno vlado in Narodnim Vijećem je utemeljilo konfederativno povezanost Slovenije z Državo SHS in v materialnopravnem pogledu njeno konfederativno državnost. Slovensko ozemlje, na katerem je Narodna vlada izvajala efektivno oblast in ga je združila v državnopravno enoto, je glede italijansko zasedbo Trsta, Goriške, Istre in postojnskega okrožja na Kranjskem med 3. in 23. novembrom 1918 ter tedaj še Madžarski pripadajoče Prekmurje obsegalo večino nekdanje vojvodine Kranjske in slovenski del nekdanje vojvodine Štajerske (do razmejitvene črte z Nemško Avstrijo okoli Radgone, Šentilja in Kozjaka), na Koroškem pa ozemlje južno od Zilje in Drave ter velikovški okraj. Z izjemo omenjenega dela Koroške je tvorilo približno dve tretjini današnjega ozemlja Republike Slovenije. Slovenska državnopravna zasebnost, dosežena v Državi SHS, se po njeni združitvi s Kraljevino Srbijo v Kraljestvo Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev 1. decembra 1918, ni ohranila.
Profesorji Ivan Žolger, Ivan Tomšič in Stanko Peterin ter njihovi prispevki k nastanku slovenske državnosti
Authors: Škrk Mirjam
Published: February 2021

Članek je posvečen 100. obletnici prve slovenske Narodne vlade in 100. obletnici Pravne fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Dne 31. oktobra 1918 je Narodno vlado v Ljubljani imenoval Narodni svet Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov, vladajoči organ novoustanovljene Države Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov s sedežem v Zagrebu. Narodna vlada je de facto upravljala ozemlje avstrijske dežele Kranjske in dela Štajerske do 1. decembra 1918, ko se je Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov združila s Kraljevino Srbijo v na novoustanovljeno Kraljevino SHS. Obe stoletnici sta med seboj povezani, ker so nekateri profesorji Pravne fakultete kot delegati sodelovali na Pariški mirovni konferenci 1919-1920. Najprej sta z vidika mednarodnega prava proučena Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov in Narodna vlada v Ljubljani. Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov je izpolnjevala pogoje za državo po mednarodnem pravu, čeprav je zavezniške in pridružene sile niso priznale. Po drugi strani Narodna vlada teh zahtev ni izpolnjevala. V nadaljevanju so predstavljeni trije članki profesorjev Ivana Žolgerja, Ivana Tomšiča in Stanka Peterina. Ti članki obravnavajo obstoj Jugoslavije od 1918–1992 in njen prehod iz unitarne v zvezno državo. Proces razpada jugoslovanske federacije je pripeljal do nastanka suverene in neodvisne Slovenije leta 1991.
Gregor Krek, njegovo delo v pravosodju in prispevek k oblikovanju pravosodne knjižnice
Authors: Kranjc Janez
Published: February 2021

Gregor Gojmir Krek je po končanem pravnem študiju, promociji in sodniškem izpitu ter vzporednem študiju glasbe v Gradcu vstopil v sodniško službo. Kot obetaven kader za prihodnjo slovensko univerzo je dobil državno štipendijo za izpopolnjevanje na univerzi v Leipzigu. Po vrnitvi se je znova zaposlil na okrajnem sodišču v Ljubljani, od koder so ga prestavili v tajništvo Vrhovnega in kasacijskega sodišča na Dunaju, kjer je ostal do razpada monarhije in dosegel naslov dvornega sekretarja oziroma svetnika višjega deželnega sodišča.
Po razpadu monarhije je bil imenovan za svetnika Višjega deželnega sodišča v Ljubljani. Tu mu je bilo poverjeno vodenje knjižnice. Napisal je knjižnični red in uredil njeno poslovanje.
Ko je bil ustanovljen Oddelek B Stola sedmorice v Zagrebu, se je prijavil za svetnika tega sodišča. Preden je bila njegova prošnja rešena, ga je kralj imenoval za rednega profesorja za državljansko in rimsko pravo na novoustanovljeni juridični fakulteti v Ljubljani.
Milan Škerlj med sodno upravo in univerzitetno profesuro
Authors: Gabrič Aleš
Published: February 2021

V prispevku je orisana vloga pravnika dr. Milana Škerlja v razvoju sodne uprave po političnem prevratu leta 1918. Razpad Avstro-Ogrske je doživel na Dunaju kot uslužbenec ministrstva za pravosodje. Bil je med tistimi slovenskimi pravniki, ki naj bi se habilitirali za univerzitetnega predavatelja, da bi v primeru ustanovitve pravne fakultete v Ljubljani prevzel eno izmed profesorskih mest. Ko pa se je decembra 1918 na poziv poverjenika za pravosodje Narodne vlade za Slovenijo vrnil v Ljubljano, sta se mu odpirali dve možnosti. Kolegi so ga želeli videti v sestavu prvega profesorskega zbora pravne fakultete. Na poverjeništvu za pravosodje pa so si želeli, da bi izkušnje z ministrstva za pravosodje na Dunaju prenesel v prenovo sodstva na Slovenskem. Po vojni je namreč zelo primanjkovalo sodnikov in drugih uslužbencev na sodiščih, zaradi novih političnih meja pa so sodišča druge stopnje dobila nova območja delovanja. Škerlj se je odločil, da bo v prvi fazi sodeloval v razvoju sodstva, na fakulteti pa je bil le honorarni predavatelj. Poleg Ivana Kavčnika in Janka Babnika je bil med najbolj zaslužnimi za razvoj sodstva v povojnem obdobju. Kot posledica centralizacije Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Srbov so se pristojnosti slovenske sodne uprave zmanjševale. Milan Škerlj je bil kot zadnji predstojnik pravosodnega oddelka v Ljubljani, tedaj le še oddelka ministrstva za pravosodje v Beogradu, zadolžen za njegovo dokončno ukinitev. To je dokončal leta 1924 in se nato (končno) redno zaposlil na pravni fakulteti univerze v Ljubljani, na kateri je nato prebil vsa svoja nadaljnja službena leta.
Pomembna vloga pravnikov v ljubljanski in mariborski oblastni skupščini (1927-1929) ter banskemu svetu Dravske banovine (1930-1941)
Authors: Stiplovšek Miroslav
Published: February 2021

V skladu z določili Vidovdanske ustave (1921) je bila Slovenija razdeljena na ljubljansko in mariborsko oblast, šele v začetku leta 1927 pa sta začeli delovati slovenski oblastni samoupravi, ki sta pomenili delno omilitev centralizma. V ljubljansko in mariborsko oblastno skupščino, ki sta bili njuna najvišja organa, je bilo izvoljenih 15 slovenskih pravnikov. Z opravljanjem pomembnih samoupravnih funkcij so veliko prispevali, da sta slovenski oblastni samoupravi med vsemi 33. v državi najbolj uspešno izvajali svoje naloge, pomembne za vsestranski napredek Slovenije, na uredbodajnem področju posebej po zaslugi pravnikov.
Po združitvi ljubljanske in mariborske oblasti v Dravsko banovino jeseni 1929 je v njej deloval banski svet kot posvetovalni organ bana pri oblikovanju proračuna. Banske svetnike so imenovali ministri za notranje zadeve. Ti so v tridesetih letih kot predstavnike mest in okrajev v banski svet imenovali tudi 32 pravnikov, ki so bili v njem zelo dejavni, zlasti v prizadevanjih za razširitev njegovih avtonomističnih pristojnosti. Vsi najvišji funkcionarji državne obče uprave v oblasteh in banovini so bili pravniki.
Irredentist Actions of the Slovenian Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists (ORJUNA) in Italy and Austria (1922-1930)
Authors: Dragosavljević Vasilije
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to examine and analyse the documentation available in the Slovenian Historical Archives and the Croatian State Archives as well as the strategic plans and projects described on the pages of the ORJUNA printed pamphlets and bulletins in order to determine the ideological tenets that formed the basis of the foreign policy as conceived by the Organisation of Yugoslav Nationalists (the ORJUNA). The focus of this paper will be on the irredentist actions taken by the Slovenian branch of the ORJUNA, carried out in the territories of Italy (Trieste, Gorizia, and Istria) and Austria (Carinthia). Special attention will be paid to the ORJUNAVIT (Organisation of Yugoslav Nationalists in Italy) and Fantovska zveza (Slovenian Boys Union) organisations, which were effectively the instruments of the ORJUNA, carrying out its activities in the territories of Italy and Austria. The expansionist ideas that were part of the ORJUNA ideological constructs and their implementation, as manifested through irredentist actions carried out in the territory of Yugoslavia’s neighbouring countries, were firmly rooted in the fundamental ideological foundations of this movement and the specific historical circumstances in which it emerged. The ORJUNA ideologists presented their expansionist agenda to create a Greater Yugoslavia, extending over a vast territory from Varna to Trieste and from Szeged to Thessaloniki, as the ultimate result of the struggle to create a unified and all-encompassing ethnic body of South Slavs. Guided by the imperative of preserving the ethnic identity of the Slovenian population in the provinces bordering on Italy and Austria, the ORJUNA leadership promoted the systematic use of organised violence as the basic tool in the struggle to achieve its goals. Due to the restrained and legitimately-oriented official foreign policy of the Yugoslav governments, as well as in light of the armed resistance of the Italian and Austrian official security forces and paramilitaries, the leadership of the ORJUNA failed to achieve its foreign-political goals through the use of terror. On the other hand, the expansionist ideas that were one of the essential tenets of the ORJUNA’s ideology remained a part of the ideological concepts embraced by all far-right movements for the Yugoslav integralism in the interwar period, which, with slight modifications, adopted the ideological constructs advocated by the ORJUNA.
Razvoj pomožnega šolstva v Sloveniji v obdobju med obema vojnama s poudarkom na pomožni šoli v Mariboru
Authors: Dobaja Dunja
Published: February 2021

Prispevek prikaže razvoj pomožnega šolstva v Sloveniji v obdobju med obema vojnama: od prvega pomožnega razreda na IV. mestni deški šoli na Prulah v Ljubljani leta 1911 do razvoja samostojnih pomožnih šol v Ljubljani in Mariboru ter njihovega prizadevanja za čim širšo vključitev otrok z lažjimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju v pomožnošolski sistem, ki je s prilagojenim poukom nudil otrokom osnovnošolsko izobrazbo in možnosti za samostojno življenje. Prispevek se osredotoča na pomožno šolo v Mariboru v kontekstu splošnega prikaza pomožnega šolstva v Sloveniji v predvojnem obdobju.
Carniolan Savings Bank and Slovenian-German relations in 1908 and 1909
Authors: Henig Miščič Nataša
Published: February 2021

At the end of the 19th century, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy experienced national polarization. During the last decades before the outbreak of World War I, national contradictions reached great proportions. The culmination of the Slovene–German conflicts in Carniola represented the anti-German riots in Ljubljana in 1908, which led to radical changes in political, economic and social life. Paper presents the importance, which Carniolan Savings Bank had in Slovene territory at the beginning of the 20th century. The article deals specifically with the consequences that Carniolan Savings Bank faced after the events of September 1908, which strongly affected its operations.
Delovanje ilegalne KPJ v času šestojanuarske diktature
Authors: Trampuž Lilijana
Published: February 2021

Avtorica predstavlja obnovo komunističnega delovanja na Celjskem potem, ko je šestojanuarski režim to gibanje ohromil in so bili številni komunisti v zaporu ali pa v tujini. Predstavljene so komunistične akcije, kot jih je zaznala policija. V razpravi so pojasnjene nejasnosti v zvezi z imenovanjem sekretarja celjskega okrožja. To naj bi bil Branko Diehl in ne Slavko Šlander. Skozi gradivo okrožne konference se vidi načrtovanje, a tudi že postopno odpiranje delovanja komunistov iz zaprtosti v legalne organizacije na strokovnem, kulturnem, stanovskem področju. Težišče njihovega dela se je začelo prenašati od usmeritve za oborožen boj proti diktaturi, na boj za vsakodnevne zahteve delavcev in kmetov, za izboljšanje njihovega ekonomskega, socialnega pa tudi političnega položaja.
Poveljniška šola SA-Gruppe Südmark v Rogaški Slatini: delovanje in vloga pri vojaškopolitičnem usposabljanju vodstvenega kadra Wehrmannschafta
Authors: Siter Daniel , Mikša Peter
Published: February 2021

Na temeljih arhivskega gradiva, okupatorjevega uradnega časopisja in slikovnega materiala se avtorja posvečata specifični temi obdobja druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem, v okviru katere celostno analizirata delovanje posebne SA grupne šole Wehrmannschafta v Rogaški Slatini, ki jo je sredi maja 1941 ustanovila SA-Gruppa Südmark za potrebe vojaškopolitičnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja ter ideološke vzgoje poveljniških kadrov spodnještajerskega in gorenjskega Wehrmannschafta. Priznana častniška šola je tekom svojega delovanja (1941-1944) prirejala posebna vojaška urjenja, borbene vaje, športna tekmovanja ter večtedenske praktične in teoretične tečaje, na katerih so se prijavljeni kandidati pod strogo vojaško disciplino in v duhu nacionalsocialističnega svetovnega nazora usposabljali za vermanske vodje in podvodje. Njen pomen ni bil ključen zgolj za Spodnjo Štajersko, temveč tudi za sosednje nemške okupacijske pokrajine, od koder so bili tamkajšnji vermani napoteni v Rogaško Slatino, kjer se je med okupacijo usposobilo več tisoč oficirjev in podoficirjev Wehrmannschafta. Ob odločilnih vojaških porazih Hitlerjeve Nemčije in zasuku vojne tehtnice v prid zavezniške koalicije je šola v zdravilišču postopoma pridobila vlogo prehodne vojaške ustanove, od koder so bili zadovoljivo usposobljeni vermani dodeljeni protipartizanskim operativnim enotam na terenu, nekateri pa so ob koncu vojne sodelovali celo v bojih na fronti.
Spomenik žrtvam vseh vojn in problematike sodobnega postavljanja javnih skulptur in spomenikov v Sloveniji
Authors: Žerovc Beti
Published: February 2021

Besedilo obravnava nekatere sodobne problematike postavljanja javnih skulptur in spomenikov v Sloveniji. Osredotoča se na Spomenik žrtvam vseh vojn, ki je bil poleti 2017 odkrit v središču Ljubljane. Spomenik in dogajanje okoli njega zajame kot primer zapleta, v katerem neustrezno ravnanje različnih deležnikov v dolgotrajnem procesu nastajanja spomenika proizvaja številna družbena nesoglasja in na koncu tudi problematičen spomenik.      
Članek problematizira hisitorični revizionizem v odnosu do druge svetovne vojne, ki se udejanja v spomeniku in skozi procese povezane z njim. Preizprašuje, kako in zakaj nastane takšen velik državni spomenik, čeprav ni strokovno utemeljenega konsenza o tem, da spomeniki dejansko delujejo zdravilno na travmatizirane in post-konfliktne družbe, kot tudi ni konsenza o tem, da Slovenci v tem trenutku takšna družba smo. O spomeniku se često govori kot o spomeniku spravi, čeprav ni konsenza o o nujnosti sprave, kaj šele o tem, kaj naj bi ta sprava dejansko pomenila in kaj naj bi bili njeni elementi.
EDITORIAL Vol. 6, Issue 2 (2020)
Authors: Venkrbec Václav
Published: February 2021

Title page + Editorial Board + Scope & Imprint + Contents
VYUŽITÍ SVĚTLOPROPUSTNÝCH MATERIÁLŮ VE STAVEBNÍCH KONTRUKCÍCH
Authors: Boháček Adam , Brandtner Michal
Published: February 2021

Tento článek shrnuje poznatky o novince na poli stavebnictví – světlopropustném betonu. Koncept betonu se světlopropustnými prvky se poprvé, v dobře proveditelné formě, objevil v maďarsku pod obchodním názvem LiTraCon. Jedná se o betonové dílce, v nichž jsou jako světlopropustné prvky využity skleněná optická vlákna. Dále pak zmiňuje český betonový výrobek, LiCrete, u kterého je využito mřížky ze světlopropustného UV stabilního plexiskla. V závěru článku je pak popsán experiment, při kterém se autor článku pokusil zhotovit vzorky světlopropustného betonu, a to za použití tyčinek z optického skla a optických vláken.
Politik Negara atas Agama
Authors: Azhari Subhi
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Diskriminasi adalah fakta yang masih menjadi permasalahan serius di Indonesia. Baik pada ranah politik, hukum maupun sosial. Diskriminasi masih terus terjadi meskipun berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasinya mulai dari penguatan perangkat hukum, advokasi hingga pendidikan di masyarakat. Hal ini melahirkan dugaan kuat bahwa diskriminasi sulit hilang karena telah mengakar dalam sistem dan budaya hukum kita. Dengan pendekatan sejarah dan hukum, kajian ini memaparkan berbagai produk hukum mulai dari konstitusi negara, Undang-undang hingga peraturan-peraturan hukum yang paling rendah, menyangkut kehidupan beragama sejak masa Hindia Belanda, proklamasi kemerdekaan hingga era reformasi sekarang ini. Berbagai produk hukum tersebut akan dipaparkan secara kronologis untuk mencari keterkaitan satu sama lain sehingga terbangun peta pemikiran yang komprehensif mengenai kebijakan diskriminatif yang masih terjadi saat ini. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa diskriminasi ternyata memiliki latar historis, di mana munculnya berbagai kebijakan diskriminatif negara terhadap kelompok-kelompok minoritas agama di Indonesia adalah buah dari politik kolonial yang masih bertahan hingga kini.
Abstract
Discrimination has still become a serious problem in Indonesia. Discrimination continues to occur in some aspects such as in the political, legal and social levels despite various efforts have been made to overcome it by strengthening the legal norms, advocacy and education in the community. This problem has triggered a strong presumption that it has been entrenched in our legal system and culture. By historical and law approach, the study investiagates some regulations regarding religious life since colonial era to the recent reformation era, including Constitution, laws and policies in the lower level. Those regulations will be elaborated in chronoliga order to find out some correlations among each other, so that we have a comprehensive map of thinking about the discriminatory policies that still occurs today.  This study reveals that discrimination has a historical root to the colonial politics that remain influencial to the state policies in the present situation.
PENGELOLAAN INTERAKSI KUALITAS PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN DIRI ANAK DALAM KONTEKS MINAT BELAJAR
Authors: Mau Belinda , Christi Areyne
Published: February 2021

Abstract: In this era of globalization, teachers are very dominant in self-actualizing to educate the nation in facing the challenges and competition in the world, so that they are required to improve their professionalism in dealing with any existing problems. Solutions to answer the problems faced by teachers arise in the following questions: Who is the teacher? What is the role of the teacher both as a teacher and in relation to their students? How to manage the quality of the teaching and learning process on children's self-development in the context of interest in learning? The answers are: (1) a teacher is a professional educator who educates, teaches a science, guides, trains, provides assessments, and evaluates students. (2) the role of the teacher to work holistically. The teacher not only carries out his duties as a teacher, but becomes an example and a companion to his students. (3) the teacher must be able to manage the class very well so that in every learning process, children can be interested and respond when a teacher delivers a material. Abstrak: Dalam era globalisasi ini guru sangatlah dominan di dalam mengaktualisasi diri untuk mencerdaskan bangsa dalam menghadapi tantangan dan persaingan dunia, sehingga dituntut untuk meningkatkan profesionalnya dalam menangani setiap masalah yang ada. Solusi untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan yang di hadapi oleh guru muncul dalam pertanyaan sebagai berikut: Siapakah guru itu? Apakah peranan guru baik sebagai guru dan berhubungan dengan anak didiknya? Bagaimanakah mengelola kualitas proses belajar mengajar terhadap pengembangan diri anak dalam konteks minat belajar?  Jawabnya adalah: (1) guru adalah seorang tenaga pendidik profesional yang mendidik, mengajarkan suatu ilmu, membimbing, melatih, memberikan penilaian, serta melakukan evaluasi kepada peserta didik.  (2) peranan guru bekerja secara holistik. Guru tidak saja menjalankan tugasnya sebagai seorang pengajar, tetapi menjadi teladan dan teman bergaul bagi para muridnya. (3) guru harus dapat mengelola kelas dengan sangat baik sehingga dalam setiap proses pembelajaran, anak dapat tertarik dan meresponi ketika seorang guru menyampaikan sebuah materi.
Model Teologi Gereja di Abad XXI: Studi Arah Pengembangan menuju Globalisasi
Authors: GP Harianto
Published: February 2021

The model (shape, style, paradigm or style) is the most important part of seeing a development, especially the theological church. Theology here is not only interpreted as "knowledge (cognitive) about God" but also changes in the affective and psychomotor of the church towards the knowledge of God. The Church is responsible for laying the cognitive foundation of God and making changes within himself and having the skills to worship and carry out His will. In this context the term "Church Theological Model" appears. The author conducts research based on models of church theology which began from the time of the fathers of the Church to the Church of the XX century. From there it can then be arranged in the direction of development towards globalization which reaches in the direction of the models of Church theology in the Indonesian Churches. Model (bentuk, corak, paradigm atau gaya) merupakan bagian terpenting dalam melihat sebuah perkembangan, khususnya gereja berteologi.  Teologi  di sini bukan saja diartikan sebagai “pengetahuan (kognitif) tentang Tuhan” tetapi juga perubahan afektif  dan psikomotoris gereja terhadap pengetahuan akan Tuhan tersebut. Gereja bertanggungjawab untuk meletakan dasar kognitif akan Tuhan dan melakukan perubahan di dalam diri serta mempunyai keterampilan menyembah dan melaksanakan kehendak-Nya. Dalam konteks ini muncul istilah “Model Teologi Gereja”.  Penulis melakukan penelitian berdasarkan model-model teologi gereja yang dimulai sejak masa bapa-bapa Gereja hingga Gereja masa abad XX. Dari situ kemudian bisa tersusun arah pengembangan menuju globalisasi yang mencapai pada hasil arah model-model teologi Gereja di Gereja-gereja Indonesia.
Makna Iman dalam Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Kristian Alvin Budiman
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explain or explain about the meaning of faith in the New Testament starting from understanding, the meaning of faith in the New Testament, to the application of New Testament figures to be applied in everyday life. the terms faith and trust in the Bible often contain the following components of meaning: Believe and accept that something is true, rely on or entrust yourself, be faithful, and be obedient. Keywords: Faith, Believe, New Testament AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan atau menjabarkan tentang seputar makna iman dalam Perjanjian Baru mulai dari pengertian, makna iman dalam Perjanjian Baru, hingga aplikasi dari tokoh Perjanjian Baru untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. istilah iman dan percaya dalam Alkitab sering mengadung komponen-komponen makna sebagai berikut: Percaya dan menerima bahwa sesuatu itu benar, mengandalkan atau mempercayakan diri, setia, dan taat. Kata Kunci: Iman, Kepercayaan, Perjanjian Baru
Spiritualitas William Carrey: Tantangan dan Solusinya
Authors: Arisanti Silci
Published: February 2021

Kata spiritualitas merupakan suatu kata yang bersifat universal karena bisa digunakan oleh semua agama karena spirtitualitas itu sendiri merupakan saripati religius yang ada dibalik ajaran atau aturan-aturan formal agama. Sebaliknya, dalam penghayatan spiritualitas, ajaran atau dogma atau doktrin suatu agama hanyalah menjadi pijakan semata sehingga dogma bukanlah merupakan hal terakhir, melainkan selanjutnya bagaimana seseorang dapat mengalami perjumpaan Yang Ilahi.
YESUS SEBAGAI MODEL GEMBALA SEJATI DAN RELASINYA TERHADAP GEMBALA SEBAGAI PENDIDIK
Authors: Puspito Indro
Published: February 2021

The need for quality leaders who are expected to be able to shepherd believers is enormous. This urgent need dates back to the very real work of the Holy Spirit in Acts. The problem that arises is: What is the meaning of the person of the Shepherd? How is the pastor's job as an educator who teaches the church? How is Jesus as a Model of the True Shepherd and his relationship to the Shepherd as an Educator? The answer: (1) The pastor of the church is someone whose job is to care for, care for, feed and who has a relationship with the people he serves. (2) The pastor's duties as education that teaches the church are: to feed, care for, and lead. (3) The image of Jesus as a model of the shepherd is used as a means of material for the teaching and learning process both for himself as an educator and for his congregation so that both the educator and the congregation can change according to the characteristics of the true shepherd, Jesus Christ. AbstrakKebutuhan akan pemimpin yang berkualitas dan  diharapkan mampu menggembalakan orang-orang percaya, begitu besar. Kebutuhan yang mendesak ini sudah dimulai sejak pekerjaan Roh Kudus yang begitu nyata dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Persoalannya yang timbul adalah: Apakah yang dimaksud dengan pribadi Gembala? Bagaimanakah tugas gembala sebagai pendidik yang mengajar jemaat? Bagaimanakah Yesus sebagai Model Gembala Sejati dan relasinya terhadap Gembala sebagai Pendidik? Jawabnya: (1) Kepribadian Gembala jemaat adalah seseorang yang pekerjaannya menjaga, memelihara, memberi makan dan yang memiliki hubungan dengan orang-orang yang dilayaninya.   (2) Tugas gembala sebagai pendidikan yang mengajar jemaat adalah: memberi makan, memelihara, dan memimpin. (3) Gambaran Yesus sebagai  model gembala digunakan sebagai sarana materi proses belajar mengajar baik terhadap dirinya sebagai pendidik  mapun terhadap jemaatnya agar baik pendidik maupun jemaat terjadi perubahan sesuai dengan karakteristik gembala sejati adalah Yesus Kristus.
Strains of Attachment: John Bowlby's Theory and William Faulkner's Pylon
Authors: Wainwright Michael
Published: February 2021

Employing Bowlby's attachment theory, this article traces the prescience of Faulkner's Pylon. In March 1935, Faulkner's novel—a tale of a barnstorming pilot, his wife, and their parentally deprived son—appears in print. That same year, Bowlby reads Ian Suttie's The Origins of Love and Hate, whose approach to psychological maturation offers a Darwinian alternative to Freud's doctrine of drives. Bowlby develops this alternative perspective into attachment theory. Like Bowlby, Faulkner at once distances himself from Freudianism and appreciates Darwinism, with Bowlbian concepts aiding the exploration of Faulkner's psychosocial insights in Pylon and the novel reciprocating in illuminating those concepts.
The semantics of prenominal possessives in Russian
Authors: Gepner Maria
Published: February 2021

Traditionally Russian prenominal possessives are classified as possessive adjectives (Isačenko 1960; Townsend 1980). In more recent work by Babyonyshev (1997) it is claimed that prenominal possessives are functional elements that are hosted outside nominal phrase, which means that they cannot be adjectives. This claim is based on the ability of possessives to fill an agent argument of event nominals. In this paper I will provide evidence that syntactically prenominal possessives do behave like adjectives. I will propose a semantic analysis that will account for the peculiar properties that prenominal possessives have.
Investigación formativa: una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de la investigación en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua
Authors: Carballo Palma Anielka Patricia
Published: February 2021

La evaluación de la Educación Superior se mide a través de diferentes criterios.  Entre estos se encuentra la investigación, la cual permite que la función social de la universidad se cumpla: garantizar la producción científica en pro del desarrollo de la sociedad.  A partir de esto último, surge la necesidad de incluir la investigación como eje transversal en la formación de nuevos profesionales.  Junto a esto, se ve la necesidad de incorporar estrategias que permitan a los docentes mejorar la enseñanza de la investigación en los estudiantes de grado.  Algunas estrategias están integradas en el concepto de investigación formativa.  La propuesta que se presenta en este artículo tiene como fundamento la formación de la investigación desde el aula de clase.
 A 72 years of temporal analysis through geometric morphometrics detects phenotypic variation in populations of Triatoma infestans  (Klug, 1834)
Authors: Paschoaletto e outros Letícia
Published: February 2021

 A 72 years of temporal analysis through geometric morphometrics detects phenotypic variation in populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834)
Importância da polinização biótica na produtividade de Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier ‘Aromas’ e a diversidade e abundância de abelhas em áreas de cultivo convencional e orgânico
Authors: Barbosa & Afonso I. Orth José Felinto
Published: February 2021

Importância da polinização biótica na produtividade de Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier ‘Aromas’ e a diversidade e abundância de abelhas em áreas de cultivo convencional e orgânico 
From the Opening Sequence ofCitizen Kaneto the Final Shot ofThe Birds: A Filmic Microanalysis of Three Painted Scenes
Authors: Vidal Dario Lanza
Published: February 2021

This article aims to highlight the importance of matte painting in cinematographic construction and to emphasize the analytical value of these pieces of artwork. To this end, three painted scenes were chosen and subjected to a multifaceted analysis that underlines their contribution as pictorial creations, their role in landscape painting tradition, and their function as an element of filmmaking construction, within a set film model, while providing evidence for the unique ways in which this technique connects film and painting.
As Construções perifrásticas [V1andar/Ir/Sair/Vir/Viver +V2gerúndio] e a expressão do aspecto: restrições sintático-semânticas e motivações cognitivas do seu processo de gramaticalização
Authors: Coelho Sueli Maria , Tenuta Adriana Maria
Published: February 2021

Estudou-se, à luz do quadro teórico da linguística cognitiva, mais especificamente do conceito de esquemas imagéticos, o processo de gramaticalização de cinco verbos da língua portuguesa que originalmente traduzem a noção de movimento. Explorou-se a hipótese de que os esquemas imagéticos presentes na conceptualização desses verbos podem explicar algumas restrições sintático-semânticas identificadas nas construções perifrásticas resultantes dessa gramaticalização. A análise diacrônica empreendida acusou que, à exceção da perífrase [V1sair + V2gerúndio], que se gramaticalizou apenas no período clássico da língua, as formas andar, ir, vir e viver já funcionavam como auxiliares aspectuais quando combinadas com uma forma nominal de gerúndio desde o século XIII. Observou-se, ainda, que o esquema FONTE-TRAJETO-ALVO é fator imprescindível para que o verbo de movimento seja reanalisado como forma auxiliar em uma construção em que V2 é uma forma de gerúndio, além do que a combinação de dois esquemas imagéticos dificulta o processo de reanálise, retardando, assim, o curso da gramaticalização do auxiliar.
Temporalidade e modalidade em construções hipotáticas adverbiais condicionais à luz da linguística funcional centrada no uso
Authors: Ely Leyla , Snichelotto Cláudia Andrea Rost
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise do comportamento das categorias funcionais de tempo-aspecto-modalidade em construções hipotáticas adverbiais condicionais do português brasileiro escrito. Os dados foram extraídos de uma amostra de 24 cartas pessoais produzidas (escritas ou trocadas) no período de 1970 a 1990 no município de Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Procedeu-se ao levantamento qualitativo das categorias funcionais de temporalidade (tempo e aspecto) e de modalidade intrínsecos às construções hipotáticas condicionais. Com base no aporte teórico da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, buscamos compreender a relação entre a perspectiva/atitude do falante e a codificação/expressão do domínio funcional complexo (tempo-aspecto-modalidade) nas construções condicionais da amostra. Os resultados apontam a inerência da tríade funcional ao enunciado condicional, que, normalmente, está imbricada uma na outra, embora, por vezes, o falante dê ênfase a um fator específico. Vimos, portanto, que as categorias de temporalidade e modalidade se localizam em um continuum, sendo a gradualidade apresentada conforme o relevo do falante dado à proposição.
Traços categorizadores na derivação de pares nome-verbo em Libras
Authors: Santos Hadassa Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

A morfologia tem por objeto de estudo a estrutura, formação e categorização de unidades lexicais e apresenta diferentes perspectivas de análise. Sob o aporte gerativista, o componente lexical dispõe de palavras previamente categorizadas e traços que são o input para a sintaxe (CHOMKSY, 1970). Em Halle e Marantz (1993), a morfologia não existe per se, mas está distribuída em diferentes lugares da arquitetura da gramática e deve espelhar as operações sintáticas. A partir desse viés, assumimos que a formação de sinais e estruturas complexas se dá em um único locus gerativo, o componente sintático.Assim, coloca-se que em uma língua não oral, a Libras, raízes acategoriais são concatenadas a traços abstratos, por meio de regras de inserção de conteúdo fonológico, para se formarem os sinais. Neste artigo, evidenciamos pares nome-verbo que apresentam uma mesma forma superficial e são diferenciadossintaticamente por um v ou por um n categorizador, com realização fonológica Ø ou com realização específica em alguns membros dos pares. Essa proposta corrobora o Princípio da Uniformidade (CHOMSKY, 2001), pois, na ausência de fortes evidências que apontem para o contrário, reforçamos que as línguas são uniformes e as variações são restritas a propriedades facilmente identificáveis dos enunciados.
Luís Carlos Patraquim: pulsões de desejos e afetos
Authors: Leal Luciana Brandão
Published: February 2021

Este artigo propõe uma leitura da obra poética de Luís Carlos Patraquim, importante poeta moçambicano que produz desde o período pós-independência (após 1975) à contemporaneidade. Serão abordados “trânsitos” literários propostos por esse poeta, além dos temas do “amor” e do “erotismo” que são perceptíveis em sua lírica. Luís Carlos Patraquim rasura a dicção da poesia ideológica proposta por seus antecessores, recriando uma especial forma de “barroquismo estético”, que evidencia sua “poética dos afetos”, e revoluciona o cenário da moderna poesia moçambicana dos séculos XX e XXI.   

Palavras-chave: Luís Carlos Patraquim, amor, erotismo, poética dos afetos, poesia moçambicana, trânsitos.
The Investigation of the Effectiveness of Mobile-based Psychoeducation in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Authors: Ershad Sarabi Roghayeh , Ebnehoseini Zahra , Sarafi Nejad Afshin , Akbarzadeh Farzazd , Ziaee Maliheh , Hashemi Zohreh
Published: February 2021

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition. Mobile-based psychoeducation is a very important tool for the treatment of this disorder. Objectives: The study aimed to provide scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of these tools for patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: In a randomized control trial (RCT) with a sample size of 41, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the intervention or the control arms based on the random number table. The study was performed in a psychiatric teaching hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The primary targets of the study was to measure the depression, manic, and anxiety symptoms that were measured at baseline and 3 months follow‐up for the intervention and the control group. A mobile application was developed and provided to the intervention group after discharge from the case hospital. The control group did not receive the application and received routine health care services during the study. A baseline comparison was performed between the groups, comparisons of the primary outcomes between the groups and within each group were carried out. Results: The results showed that the score of anxiety, depression, and mania at baseline and after the follow-up did not have a significant decrease within the groups. In addition, a slight reduction in the depression and anxiety scores within the groups was found. The mean of anxiety (P-value: 0.035), depression (P-value: 0.024), and mania (P-value: 0.007) after 3 month follow-up had a significant decrease between the groups. A baseline comparison was performed between the groups, and comparisons of the primary outcomes between the groups and within each group were carried out. Conclusions: Given the low effectiveness of using mobile-based psychoeducation on anxiety, depression, and mania in bipolar patients. It is recommended to use mobile applications as a complementary treatment along with other types of treatment for bipolar patients in future studies to obtain more evidence about the effectiveness of mobile-based psychoeducation.
Combination of Propranolol and Heated 4T1 Cells Elicits Beneficial Response Against Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tavakoli Payman , Abtahi Froushani Seyyed Meysam , Aliyari Asghar
Published: February 2021

Background: Induction of Th1 responses against tumor antigens may be a useful strategy to control malignancy. In this respect, previous studies have shown that beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists can promote cellular immune responses. Objectives: This survey was done to evaluate the beneficiary of a new immunotherapy method against breast cancer made by mixing heated 4T1 cells and propranolol, as an adjuvant. Methods: Subcutaneously injected live 4T1 cells (1 × 104) were used to induce breast cancer in six to eight-week-old female Balb/c mice. when all mice had a palpable tumor, immunotherapy was dawned. Mice in the treatment groups were vaccinated, twice at a one-week interval, with the extract of heated 4T1(1 × 105) either alone or in combination with propranolol (6 mg/kg). Negative control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the same schedule. One-half of the mice were euthanized one week after the last vaccination to investigate the immune response profile. Other animals were kept until death occurred spontaneously. Results: Combined immunotherapy with propranolol and extract of heated 4T1 had synergistic effects, causing a more desirable survival curve and slower tumor growth when compared to other tumor-bearing mice receiving only heated 4T1 or PBS. Furthermore, combined immunotherapy significantly augmented the production of IFN-γ nitric oxide production, respiratory burst, and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in the splenocyte culture of tumor-bearing mice. Conversely, combined immunotherapy significantly regressed the production of TGF-β and IL-10 in the splenocyte population compared to cytokine production by splenocytes from other groups. Conclusions: Combined heated 4T1 cells with propranolol promote beneficial outcomes in the animal model of breast cancer.
LA POSIBILIDAD DE UNA ESTÉTICA EN LA FENOMENOLOGÍA DE E. HUSSERL. SOBRE LA IMAGINACIÓN, LA FANTASÍA Y LA CONCIENCIA DE IMAGEN
Authors: Katz Azul Tamina
Published: February 2021

Si bien es cierto que Husserl no ha escrito sistemáticamente sobre estética, consideramos no sólo posible y legítimo, sino también establecer las condiciones de posibilidad para una conciencia estética desde el punto de vista de la fenomenología trascendental de Husserl. Motivados por esta idea, en el presente trabajo examinamos, en primer lugar, el tipo de estética que puede deducirse de aquellos pasajes en los que Husserl considera explícitamente experiencias artísticas, para arribar a la idea de que, analizado desde la perspectiva de la conciencia de imagen, el fenómeno estético del que se puede dar cuenta es limitado. Así, en segundo lugar, intentamos mostrar que esta pobreza no es esencial al fenómeno y, por tanto, que dichas limitaciones pueden ser superadas, o al menos trascendidas, si en vez de considerar la estética desde el punto de vista de la conciencia de imagen, se la considera desde la perspectiva de la fantasía.While it is true that Husserl has not written systematically about Aesthetics, we believe it is possible and legitimate to study how Aesthetic Consciousness works from Husserl's point of view of transcendental Phenomenology. Hence, in this paper we consider, in the first place, the virtues and limitations of the Aesthetic that can be deduced from the passages in which Husserl explicitly refers to artistic experiences, to arrive to the idea that, analyzed from the perspective of image-consciousness, the aesthetic phenomenon that can be described is limited. So, secondly, we try to show that this poverty is not essential to the phenomenon and, therefore , such a limitation can be overcome, or almost transcended, if we contemplate the Aesthetic considerations taken by Husserl not from the point of view of image-consciousness but from the perspective of phantasy
LAS FUENTES ORTEGUIANAS EN SU IDEA DE “ATENCIÓN”
Authors: Montesó Ventura Jorge
Published: February 2021

La atención es un fenómeno fundamental para comprender el alcance de la metodología perspectivista en Ortega, en consecuencia, un buen instrumento para profundizar en el estudio de la aplicabilidad de la filosofía raciovitalista. A la vez, por su fácil rastreo en la obra del madrileño, resulta un buen otero para indagar sobre las fuentes que influenciaron a Ortega en el establecimiento de la misma y, por tanto, en la conformación de su metodología. Nuestro estudio, realizado a partir de un análisis del fenómeno de la atención en la obra orteguiana, nos lleva a encontrar, en los estudios fenomenológicos de la percepción, el núcleo principal de tal influjo, acentuando con ello el papel de la fenomenología en el establecimiento del pensamiento orteguiano.Attention is an essential phenomenon to understand the scope of the perspectival methodology in Ortega; therefore, it’s a useful tool to go further in the study of the applicability of ratiovitalism. At the same time, for it is easy tracking in the Ortega’s work, it’s a good knoll to investigate the sources which influenced Ortega in the establishment and, therefore, to explore the shaping of his methodology. Our study, based on an analysis of the phenomenon of attention in Ortega's work, guides us to find, in the phenomenological studies of perception, the core of such influence, thereby accentuating the role of phenomenology in the establishment of Ortega's thought.
Vers une compréhension des formes de l’itinérance vécue chez les femmes autochtones au Canada
Authors: Cunningham Julie
Published: February 2021

L’accroissement marqué de l’itinérance vécue par les autochtones, en particulier des femmes, est une réalité qui a intéressé de nombreux chercheurs et chercheuses au cours des dix dernières années. Certains travaux produits dans la foulée argumentent qu’indépendamment des similarités de premier niveau pouvant être identifiées entre les réalités autochtones et allochtones, les catégorisations proposées pour décrire les formes d’itinérance dans la société prise dans son ensemble ne permettent ni de considérer les perspectives autochtones relatives au « foyer », ni de comprendre les causes profondes de la surreprésentation des Autochtones dans les rues des villes canadiennes. Appuyées sur des concepts et des logiques dépourvus de sens en contexte autochtone, les mesures de lutte contre l’itinérance proposées par les gouvernements ratent couramment la cible. Sur la base de l’exploration d’un récit de vie colligé dans le cadre de sa recherche doctorale, l’auteure propose d’examiner ces considérations afin d’en démontrer l’importance en contexte québécois.
L’homme derrière la bure
Authors: Dubois Paul-André
Published: February 2021

Ce texte propose une nouvelle lecture des origines et de la vie d’un missionnaire canadien ayant principalement exercé son ministère à Détroit sous le Régime français. À partir d’éléments biographiques déjà connus, auxquels se joignent d’autres données factuelles nouvellement découvertes, le phénomène du métissage franco-amérindien, jadis promu par les autorités coloniales, est à nouveau abordé à travers cet exemple concret.
Marginalisation et résurgence des Kanaka Maoli
Authors: Duhaime Gérard
Published: February 2021

Cette note de recherche propose d’identifier des éléments-clés de la situation sociale des Kanaka Maoli, les autochtones de Hawai’i. Elle est le fruit d’un séjour de quatre mois au cours duquel furent réalisés un repérage et une recension de travaux récents, des entretiens, de l’observation et de nombreuses discussions avec des collègues. L’auteur met en évidence la marginalisation autochtone et certains de ses mécanismes et racines historiques, et il relate de remarquables accomplissements réalisés au cours des récentes décennies comme démonstration de la légitimité et de l’efficacité du savoir vernaculaire, et sa projection dans le monde contemporain. Il suggère enfin que la résurgence comporte des atouts pour renverser la marginalité non seulement des Kanaka, mais des peuples autochtones.
En quoi le territoire ancestral peut-il inspirer l’aménagement contemporain des
communautés innues ?
Authors: André-Lescop Gaëlle
Published: February 2021

À une époque où les membres des Premières Nations vivent la majeure partie de
l’année dans des réserves et en milieux urbains, les communautés autochtones
cherchent à intégrer des repères culturels et identitaires à leurs aménagements. Ce
texte explore les thèmes de la représentation du territoire, de l’identité innue,
ainsi que de l’organisation spatiale des campements. La recherche a fait appel à une
dizaine de répondants innus et aux relevés de vingt-six campements. Comment le
territoire ancestral, dans les façons dont les Innus se le représentent et
l’habitent, peut-il inspirer l’aménagement des communautés innues ? Malgré une
transition de la tente au chalet, plusieurs traits identitaires persistent dans la
manière d’occuper et de vivre le territoire. Symbole d’idéal pour plusieurs, le
territoire demeure intimement lié à la pratique des activités de chasse et de pêche.
L’auteure identifie enfin ce que différentes manières de s’établir sur le
territoire, d’hier à aujourd’hui, peuvent révéler sur les modes de vie innus
contemporains et sur des pistes visant à « donner forme » à des aménagements
culturellement adaptés.