bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential for land use change to reduce flood risk in mid-sized catchments in the Myjava region of Slovakia
Authors: Rončák Peter , Lisovszki Evelin , Szolgay Ján , Hlavčová Kamila , Kohnová Silvia , Csoma Rózsa , Poórová Jana
Published: December 2017

The effects of land use management practices on surface runoff are evident on a local scale, but evidence of their impact on the scale of a watershed is limited. This study focuses on an analysis of the impact of land use changes on the flood regime in the Myjava River basin, which is located in Western Slovakia. The Myjava River basin has an area of 641.32 km2and is typified by the formation of fast runoff processes, intensive soil erosion, and muddy floods. The main factors responsible for these problems with flooding and soil erosion are the basin’s location, geology, pedology, agricultural land use, and cropping practices. The GIS-based, spatially distributed WetSpa rainfall-runoff model was used to simulate mean daily discharges in the outlet of the basin as well as the individual components of the water balance. The model was calibrated based on the period between 1997 and 2012 with outstanding results (an NS coefficient of 0.702). Various components of runoff (e.g., surface, interflow and groundwater) and several elements of the hydrological balance (evapotranspiration and soil moisture) were simulated under various land use scenarios. Six land use scenarios (‘crop’, ‘grass’, ‘forest’, ‘slope’, ‘elevation’ and ‘optimal’) were developed. The first three scenarios exhibited the ability of the WetSpa model to simulate runoff under changed land use conditions and enabled a better adjustment of the land use parameters of the model. Three other “more realistic” land use scenarios, which were based on the distribution of land use classes (arable land, grass and forest) regarding permissible slopes in the catchment, confirmed the possibility of reducing surface runoff and maximum discharges with applicable changes in land use and land management. These scenarios represent practical, realistic and realizable land use management solutions and they could be economically implemented to mitigate soil erosion processes and enhance the flood protection measures in the Myjava River basin.
Depth and shape solutions from residual gravity anomalies due to simple geometric structures using a statistical approach
Authors: Abdelrahman El-Sayed , Gobashy Mohamed
Published: December 2017

We have developed a simple and fast quantitative method for depth and shape determination from residual gravity anomalies due to simple geometrical bodies (semi-infinite vertical cylinder, horizontal cylinder, and sphere). The method is based on defining the anomaly value at two characteristic points and their corresponding distances on the anomaly profile. Using all possible combinations of the two characteristic points and their corresponding distances, a statistical procedure is developed for automated determination of the best shape and depth parameters of the buried structure from gravity data. A least-squares procedure is also formulated to estimate the amplitude coefficient which is related to the radius and density contrast of the buried structure. The method is applied to synthetic data with and without random errors and tested on two field examples from the USA and Germany. In all cases examined, the estimated depths and shapes are found to be in good agreement with actual values. The present method has the capability of minimizing the effect of random noise in data points to enhance the interpretation of results.
Isomorphism Theorem on Vector Spaces over a Ring
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Shidama Yasunari
Published: December 2017

In this article, we formalize in the Mizar system [1, 4] some properties of vector spaces over a ring. We formally prove the first isomorphism theorem of vector spaces over a ring. We also formalize the product space of vector spaces. ℤ-modules are useful for lattice problems such as LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász) [5] base reduction algorithm and cryptographic systems [6, 2].
Pell’s Equation
Authors: Acewicz Marcin , Pąk Karol
Published: December 2017

In this article we formalize several basic theorems that correspond to Pell’s equation. We focus on two aspects: that the Pell’s equation x
2 − Dy
2 = 1 has infinitely many solutions in positive integers for a given D not being a perfect square, and that based on the least fundamental solution of the equation when we can simply calculate algebraically each remaining solution.

“Solutions to Pell’s Equation” are listed as item #39 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.
Formation of „koon” systems reliability estimated with analytical and simulation calculation methods
Authors: Młynarski Stanisław , Pilch Robert , Smolnik Maksymilian , Szybka Jan , Wiązania Grzegorz
Published: December 2017

The methods of reliability estimation applied in order to verify the reliability level of koon systems consisting of renewable objects are presented in the paper. Application of the selected methods allows one to quickly verify the reliability level and to set the number of redundant elements in the real technical systems.
Novel Dynamic Model Updating Technique for Damped Mechanical System
Authors: Sehgal Shankar , Kumar Harmesh
Published: December 2017

Response surface method and Derringer’s function approach have been combined together to develop novel structural dynamic model updating technique for a damped mechanical system. Response surface models have been incorporated instead of finite element models, in order to increase computational efficiency of proposed technique. Derringer’s function approach is useful in dealing successfully with multi-objective optimization type model updating problems. Few such undamped techniques have been recently developed for undamped mechanical systems by combining the benefits of response models with Derringer’s function approach. This paper presents the theory and numerical application of a damped updating technique, which is based upon response models and Derringer’s function approach. In this technique, updating process is formulated as an optimization problem, wherein desirability functions are formulated, based on natural frequencies, modal-assurance-criterion values, resonance and anti-resonance points of frequency response functions. Desirability functions are then optimized to evaluate updated elastic parameters in stage one and updated damping constants in stage two of proposed technique. By using this technique, total absolute errors in natural frequencies, modal-assurance-criterion values, elastic parameters and frequency response functions have been reduced to 0.02%, 0.00%, 3.69% and 0.11%, respectively.
Accelerated peatland disappearance in the vicinity of the Konin brown coal strip mine
Authors: Ilnicki Piotr , Górecki Krzysztof , Szczepański Marek
Published: December 2017

In the Powidzki Landscape Park, there are 150 peatlands of a total area of 1,250.2 ha. On its edge, brown coal strip mines are in operation, causing deep land drainage that resulted in a drastic (up to 5 m) lowering of the water table in lakes and accelerated peatland disappearance. To determine the extent of the process, a comparison was made of the types of surface soil layers and their ash content in 20 peatlands determined in 1957–1965 and in 2017. They are located in the farmland lying the closest to the strip mine, Jóźwin IIB, and in woodland lying further away. The results were compared with those for a peatland in Skulsk, which was not affected by the negative impact of the strip mine. Fen peat, occurring there about 55 years ago has largely turned into grainy moorsh. In the 20–50 cm layer, an ash content has grown almost twofold, while in part of the peatlands organic soils have changed into mineral and organic-mineral ones. The greatest changes have occurred in the farmland. In all Park peatlands, grasslands have contracted threefold, while the area of forests and woodlands has grown fivefold. Today, about 10% of the peatland area is taken up by arable land of which there was none before.
Presenting a conceptual model of data collection to manage the groundwater quality
Authors: Nourbakhsh Zahra , Yousefi Hossein
Published: December 2017

A conceptual model was proposed in the present study, which highlighted important independent and dependent variables in order to managing the groundwater quality. Furthermore, the methods of selection of variable and collection of related data were explained. The study was carried out in the Tajan Plain, north of Iran; 50 drinking wells were considered as sampling points. In this model the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was proposed to select the indicator water quality parameters. According to expert opinions and characteristics of the study area ten factors were chosen as variables influencing the quality of groundwater (land use types, lithology units, geology units, distance of wells to the outlet, distance to the residential areas, direction toward the residential areas, depth of the groundwater table, the type of aquifer, transmissivity and population). Geographic Information System (AecGIS 9.3) was used to manage the spatial-based variables and the data of non-spatial-based variables were obtained from relevant references. A database, which contains all collected data related to groundwater quality management in the studied area, was created as the output of the model. The output of this conceptual model can be used as an input for quantitative and mathematical models. Results show that 6 parameters (sulphate, iron, nitrate, electrical conductivity, calcium, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were the best indicators for groundwater quality analysis in the area. More than 50% of the wells were drilled in the depth of groundwater table about 5 meters, in this low depth pollutants can load into the wells and also 78% of the wells are located within 5 km from the urban area; it can be concluded from this result that the intensive urban activities could affect groundwater quality.
Selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial distribution of soil moisture
Authors: Obroślak Radomir , Dorozhynskyy Oleksandr
Published: December 2017

The paper presents a selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial variability of soil moisture in a loess agricultural catchment. Soil moisture tests were carried out in the Moszenki village, 15 km northwest of Lublin. Soil moisture measurements were performed at two dates at 104 points, located on a rectangular surface measuring 700 × 1200 m. These points were laid out in the corners of a grid of squares with sides 100 m. In addition, 6 measurements were made at a distance of less than 100 m from the nearest points. Soil moisture was measured in the soil surface (0–5 cm). ArcGis software with Geostatistical Analyst extension was used for modelling semivariograms. In both terms, five models of semivariograms were used: stable, circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian. Kriging was used for the estimation of soil moisture values. Among the semivariogram models analyzed in this study, the largest errors in the determined values of soil moisture relative to the empirical data were observed for the exponential model, and the smallest for the Gaussian model. However, it should be emphasized that the values of the analysed errors for the individual semivariogram models were similar. Application of the ordinary kriging method for interpolation of spatial distribution of soil moisture yields good results, but it has to be kept in mind that the final shape of the spatial distribution is influenced by the choice of the semivariance function model.
Application of SARIMA model to forecasting monthly flows in Waterval River, South Africa
Authors: Tadesse Kassahun Birhanu , Dinka Megersa Olumana
Published: December 2017

Knowledge of future river flow information is fundamental for development and management of a river system. In this study, Waterval River flow was forecasted by SARIMA model using GRETL statistical software. Mean monthly flows from 1960 to 2016 were used for modelling and forecasting. Different unit root and Mann–Kendall trend analysis proved the stationarity of the observed flow time series. Based on seasonally differenced correlogram characteristics, different SARIMA models were evaluated; their parameters were optimized, and diagnostic check up of forecasts was made using white noise and heteroscedasticity tests. Finally, based on minimum Akaike Information (AI) and Hannan–Quinn (HQ) criteria, SARIMA (3, 0, 2) x (3, 1, 3)12model was selected for Waterval River flow forecasting. Comparison of forecast performance of SARIMA models with that of computational intelligent forecasting techniques was recommended for future study.
Carbon dioxide emission from raised bog surface after peat extraction
Authors: Turbiak Janusz , Ćwiklińska Paulina , Duda Filip
Published: December 2017

Research on CO2 emission from a raised bog after completion of peat extraction was performed in 2011–2013. CO2 emissions were determined by the chamber method. Twenty years after the termination of peat extraction, the bog surface was almost entirely devoid of plants. CO2 emission from the bog varied depending on temperature and water conditions and was 418 mg·m−2·h−1 on average during the research period. CO2 losses on the raised bog were on average 19.7 Mg·ha−1·year−1 during the research period which corresponded to a carbon loss of 5.37 Mg·ha−1·year−1 or mineralisation of 9.6 Mg·ha−1·year−1 of organic mass of 56% carbon content. It is possible to reduce organic mass losses and CO2 emission to the atmosphere from the bog surface after peat extraction has been terminated by reconstruction of initial water conditions, i.e. retaining a high ground water level and restoration of aquatic plant communities.
Virtual water evaluation for grains productsin Iran Case study: pea and bean
Authors: Yousefi Hossein , Mohammadi Ali , Mirzaaghabeik Mitra , Noorollahi Younes
Published: December 2017

Shortage of water is considered as one of the most important straits of agricultural development in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to determine virtual water used to pea and bean production and water use efficiency, select the best area for cultivating these two grains and find the virtual water budget for the aforementioned grains. The results showed that among the three provinces main producers of pea in Iran, the highest virtual water of pea belongs to Lorestan with 3534 dm3·kg−1 and the lowest belongs to West Azerbaijan with 2660 dm3·kg−1 in irrigated cultivation. Water use efficiency in irrigated cultivation in Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan are at the same level; however, Kermanshah has enjoyed much more level of virtual water. For beans, the highest amount of virtual water in irrigated cultivation belongs to Lorestan (3651 dm3·kg−1) and the lowest amount refers to Markazi (2725 dm3·kg−1) and also the highest level of water use efficiency for this product refers to Markazi. Also it was found that 160.15 mln m3 of water has been exported from the country water resources by these products so virtual water budget for studied crops were negative.
Dynamics of physicochemical parameter concentrations in the Graniczna Woda stream water
Authors: Żarnowiec Wioletta , Policht-Latawiec Agnieszka , Pytlik Agnieszka
Published: December 2017

The paper presents variability of physicochemical parameter concentrations and determined the potential and chemical status of water in the Graniczna Woda stream, the right bank tributary to the Stoła River. The stream catchment area of 41.5 km2 is covered mainly by forests. A lowland stream flows through part of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region through three districts. A biological-mechanical municipal sewage treatment plant operates in the area of Miasteczko Śląskie, as well as a factory sewage treatment plant of Zinc Plant. The data base used in the papers consisted of the results obtained from the Provincial Inspectorate of the Environmental Protection in Katowice, monthly analyses of water samples collected in the years 2009–2013 in the control-measurement points located by the mouth of the Stoła River. 34 physicochemical indices were analyzed in the paper. Statistically significant upward trends were determined over the period of investigations for values of electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids, Cl, SO4, NO2-N and Zn in the stream water. Statistically significant downward trend was noted for total hardness. It was stated that both the potential and chemical status o the stream water were below good. Exceeded limit values for quality class II determined for oxygen and organic indices (chemical oxygen demand COD-Mn, total organic carbon TOC), salinity (EC, SO4, Cl, Ca, hardness) and biogenic indices and substances particularly harmful for aquatic environment (Zn, Tl) as well as exceeded allowable heavy metal concentrations may evidence a constant inflow of heavy metals to the aquatic environment of the Graniczna Woda stream from municipal and industrial sewage.
Discourse and discrimination in Charlottesville: The rhetoric of white supremacists during the violent unrest in August 2017
Authors: Szilágyi Anna
Published: December 2017

This paper explores the discourse of white supremacists in the context of the violent protests that took place in August 2017, in the American city of Charlottesville. During the demonstrations, one person was killed and many others were seriously injured after a car rammed into the anti-racist and anti-fascist counter-protestors. The research scrutinizes the utterances of the white supremacist protestors before, during, between, and after the demonstrations, as presented in the Vice News documentary, “Charlottesville: Race and Terror”. The systematic analysis emphasizes that the rhetoric of the white supremacists was blatantly discriminatory and racist, and the significance of this in the assessment of the violent demonstrations shall not be downplayed. The rhetoric of the white supremacists in Charlottesville targeted Black Americans, Jews, and political opponents. The speakers utilized a full-fledged rhetorical arsenal to discriminate against and attack the out-groups. This included (1) plural personal pronouns; (2) the possessive form “ouf”; (3) victim-victimizer reversals; (4) vulgar referencing; (5) dehumanizing metaphors; and (6) appeals to violence. Through introducing the role and relevance of these devices in the language of white supremacists in Charlottesville, the research also maps their interconnectedness in the analyzed discourses in particular and in discriminatory and racist rhetoric in general.
Coaches: Pedagogues of Sport? Methodological Attempt to Study the Pedagogical Beliefs of Hungarian Football Coaches
Authors: Varga Dániel
Published: December 2017

Not only are coaches supposed to be excellent in their sports, but they should also be good pedagogues. However, according to public opinion, most coaches’ only aim is to reach the highest performance possible with their athletes. The objective of this paper is to examine whether this common assumption is also true of football coaches. Adapting the concept of a nationwide study of teachers’ pedagogical views, the author attempts to discover Hungarian football coaches’ pedagogical beliefs, their opinions on the most important tools of education, the content of human values transmitted during education, and their educational creeds. At the same time, the paper analyzes how the conceptual framework and the methods used in the research among the teachers can be transformed to the special conditions regarding the coaches’ work. The results of the research show how the football coaches interpret the term “education,” what they think about the most influential tools of education, and which educational values and creeds they identify themselves. The conclusion of the paper is that both the findings of a pilot study among football coaches and the adaptation of the methods used in the research to reveal the teachers’ pedagogical views proved to be beneficial and instructive.
Montmorillonite as the catalyst in oxidation of limonene with hydrogen peroxide and in isomerization of limonene
Authors: Malko Mariusz , Antosik Adrian Krzysztof , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Czech Zbigniew , Wilpiszewska Katarzyna , Miądlicki Piotr , Michalkiewicz Beata
Published: December 2017

In our studies montmorillonite (MMT) was used as the heterogeneous, natural catalyst. This material was previously prepared by bentonite purification with help of the sedimentation method. The obtained catalyst was characterized by: XRD, SEM, BET and EDX. Catalytic tests with montmorillonite as the catalyst were performed with the natural terpene – R-(+)-limonene. This compound was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide and, moreover, in the separate process it was also isomerized. As the main products of limonene oxidation were detected: (1,2-8,9)-diepoxide, perillyl alcohol, carvone, carveol, 1,2-epoxylimonene and 1,2-epoxylimonene diol. In the isomerization of R-(+)-limonene were formed: terpinenes, terpinolene and p-cymene. Conversions of limonene in these processes reached 70–80%. The application of montmorillonite (the natural of origin) in the studied processes (oxidation and isomerization) is environmentally friendly, it allows to reduce the cost of the studied processes. The resulting products of the processes of oxidation and isomerization of R-(+)-limonene have many applications.
Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite with magnetic separation performance
Authors: Konicki Wojciech , Siber Daniel , Narkiewicz Urszula
Published: December 2017

Magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite (ZnFe-NC) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solution. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET and FTIR. The effects of various parameters such as initial RB concentration (5–25 mg L−1), pH (3.4–11.1) and temperature (20–60°C) were investigated. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium increased from 5.02 to 9.83 mg g−1, with the increase in the initial concentration of RB from 5 to 25 mg L−1 at pH 7.0 and at 20°C. The experimental results indicated that the maximum RB removal could be attained at a solution pH of 4.4 and the adsorption capacity obtained was 6.02 mg g−1. Kinetic adsorption data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption kinetics well fitted using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using two isotherm models, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of the RB onto ZnFe-NC fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) have been calculated.
(In)efficiency of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy: Ukraine, Brexit, Trump and beyond
Authors: Filipec Ondřej
Published: December 2017

The main aim of this article is to explore and analyze key determinants of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy efficiency. For this purpose a 3C analytical approach is used, exploring EU foreign and security policy consistency, capacities and the dimension of cooperation. Article analyzes both horizontal and vertical, consistency of EU Foreign and Security policy especially with connection to Ukraine crises and diverging interests of EU member states. EU capacities are explored with main focus on military spending and challenges related to limited spending. EU military decline is put in contrast with new emerging regional powers. In the area of cooperation article is dedicated mainly to ineffective partnership with Turkey, cold attitude of Trump administration towards Europe and the implications of Brexit for EU foreign and security policy.
The Ukraine Crisis Reflections in the Speeches of USA and Russian Political Leaders
Authors: Unikaitė-Jakuntavičienė Ingrida , Matulkaitė Rita
Published: December 2017

This paper focuses on the rhetoric of USA and Russian political leaders during the Ukraine crisis by analyzing changes appearing in their speeches during the different stages of the crisis. The goal of the analysis is to investigate the speeches delivered by political leaders of the United States and Russia, being important actors in the Ukraine crisis, by identifying both countries’ attitudes to one another, further intentions regarding the management of the crisis and changes of topics in each stage. The speeches of the following most influential politicians in foreign policy formation in the USA and Russia are analyzed: President Barack Obama, Secretary of State John Kerry and Vice President Joe Biden, President Vladimir Putin, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Medvedev. The speeches were collected from the official websites of U.S. and Russian government institutions. The analysis revealed that from the beginning of the crisis the main tool in the Ukraine crisis was rhetoric. Western parties began to take real actions only later: sanctions on Russia were imposed, international organizations started to play more active role, ceasefire agreements were signed. In terms of communications strategies used by both countries, the USA rhetoric and its communication strategy as well as Russian leaders were using a combination of proactive and reactive strategies.
Do Opposites Attract? Educational Assortative Mating and Dynamics of Wage Homogamy in Switzerland, 1992–2014
Authors: Ravazzini Laura , Kuhn Ursina , Suter Christian
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses homogamy and assortative mating in Switzerland. The empirical analysis monitors trends for education and hourly wages using the Swiss Labour Force Survey and the Swiss Household Panel. The analysis disentangles the effects of educational expansion from mating patterns and incorporates not only couples, but also singles. Results show an increasing level of assortative mating both for education and for wages. For wage homogamy, selection is more important than adaptation.
Youth Labour Market in Romania’s Development Regions in the Framework of Sustainable Development and of a Knowledge-based Economy
Authors: Bălan Mariana
Published: December 2017

Even if the issue of youths’ inclusion in the labour market was always an important item on political agendas, during the last two decades this issue had particular relevance. In the last years, unemployment for this age group had unprecedented amplitude, reaching 20.6% in Romania in 2016. Modern societies provide for youths opportunities, still they are faced with major challenges related to the education and training and access to the labour force market.

During the last decades, the world economy shifted in a continuous process from development based on traditional factors to the knowledge-based economy. The development of the knowledge-based economy leads to changes in labour force demand also: new skills and competences are required. As new technologies are implemented, the demand for high-skilled workers increases, especially for high-skilled ones in the field of Information and Communication (IC), and the demand for low-skilled workers decreases.

The paper presents a brief characterisation of the labour force market at the level of Romania‘s regions of development and an analysis of the particularities of the youths’ labour market in the context of sustainable development and of the new economy as well as some advantages of using young labour force for sustainable development.
Quasi-One-Dimensional Modeling and Analysis of RBCC Dual-Mode Scramjet Engine
Authors: Cheng Feng , Tang Shuo , Zhang Dong , Li Yi
Published: December 2017

The quasi-one-dimensional method for the dual-mode scramjet (DMR) of the hypersonic RBCC powered vehicle was simplified in most of open researches. Furthermore, these simplified method can not fully capture the processes of wall heat transfer, changes in the boundary layer and the ratio of specific heat and the transonic flow in the reacting flow. Addressing this problem, we establish the models for processing core flow area, transonic flow and pre-combustion shock train (PCST) based on the governing equations for quasi-one-dimensional flow and certain assumptions. Thus the quasi-one-dimensional model of dual-mode scramjet engine that incorporates the changes in wall heat transfer and in the ratio of specific heat is built. Then, the reliability and accuracy of the model are assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by experiment and CFD numerical simulation. There is a high agreement between the theoretical calculations and the results of experimental data and CFD numerical simulation. This work expands the application scope and increases the reliability of quasi-one-dimensional model of dual-mode scramjet engine in RBCC engine. The results shed new light on the preliminary performance assessment and engineering application of dual-mode scramjet engine.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Cross-Modal Phonetic Encoding
Authors: Shahin Antoine J. , Backer Kristina C. , Rosenblum Lawrence D. , Kerlin Jess R.
Published: December 2017

Audiovisual (AV) integration is essential for speech comprehension, especially in adverse listening situations. Divergent, but not mutually exclusive, theories have been proposed to explain the neural mechanisms underlying AV integration. One theory advocates that this process occurs via interactions between the auditory and visual cortices, as opposed to fusion of AV percepts in a multisensory integrator. Building upon this idea, we proposed that AV integration in spoken language reflects visually induced weighting of phonetic representations at the auditory cortex. EEG was recorded while male and female human subjects watched and listened to videos of a speaker uttering consonant vowel (CV) syllables /ba/ and /fa/, presented in Auditory-only, AV congruent or incongruent contexts. Subjects reported whether they heard /ba/ or /fa/. We hypothesized that vision alters phonetic encoding by dynamically weighting which phonetic representation in the auditory cortex is strengthened or weakened. That is, when subjects are presented with visual /fa/ and acoustic /ba/ and hear /fa/ (illusion-fa), the visual input strengthens the weighting of the phone /f/ representation. When subjects are presented with visual /ba/ and acoustic /fa/ and hear /ba/ (illusion-ba), the visual input weakens the weighting of the phone /f/ representation. Indeed, we found an enlarged N1 auditory evoked potential when subjects perceivedillusion-ba, and a reduced N1 when they perceivedillusion-fa, mirroring the N1 behavior for /ba/ and /fa/ in Auditory-only settings. These effects were especially pronounced in individuals with more robust illusory perception. These findings provide evidence that visual speech modifies phonetic encoding at the auditory cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current study presents evidence that audiovisual integration in spoken language occurs when one modality (vision) acts on representations of a second modality (audition). Using the McGurk illusion, we show that visual context primes phonetic representations at the auditory cortex, altering the auditory percept, evidenced by changes in the N1 auditory evoked potential. This finding reinforces the theory that audiovisual integration occurs via visual networks influencing phonetic representations in the auditory cortex. We believe that this will lead to the generation of new hypotheses regarding cross-modal mapping, particularly whether it occurs via direct or indirect routes (e.g., via a multisensory mediator).
Cocaine Selectively Reorganizes Excitatory Inputs to Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Beaudoin Gerard M.J. , Gomez Jorge A. , Perkins Jessica , Bland Julie L. , Petko Alyssa K. , Paladini Carlos A.
Published: December 2017

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons and their targets are involved in addiction and cue-induced relapse. However, afferents onto SNc dopamine neurons themselves appear insensitive to drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, when afferents are collectively stimulated electrically. This contrasts with ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons, whose glutamate afferents react robustly to cocaine. We used an optogenetic strategy to isolate identified SNc inputs and determine whether cocaine sensitivity in the mouse SNc circuit is conferred at the level of three glutamate afferents: dorsal raphé nucleus (DR), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and subthalamic nucleus (STN). We found that excitatory afferents to SNc dopamine neurons are sensitive to cocaine in an afferent-specific manner. A single exposure to cocainein vivoled to PPN-innervated synapses reducing the AMPA-to-NMDA receptor-mediated current ratio. In contrast to work in the VTA, this was due to increased NMDA receptor function with no change in AMPA receptor function. STN synapses showed a decrease in calcium-permeable AMPA receptors after cocaine, but no change in the AMPA-to-NMDA ratio. Cocaine also increased the release probability at DR-innervated and STN-innervated synapses, quantified by decreases in paired-pulse ratios. However, release probability at PPN-innervated synapses remained unaffected. By examining identified inputs, our results demonstrate a functional distribution among excitatory SNc afferent nuclei in response to cocaine, and suggest a compelling architecture for differentiation and separate parsing of inputs within the nigrostriatal system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrior studies have established that substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons are a key node in the circuitry that drives addiction and relapse, yet cocaine apparently has no effect on electrically stimulated excitatory inputs. Our study is the first to demonstrate the functional impact of a drug of abuse on synaptic mechanisms of identified afferents to the SNc. Optogenetic dissection of inputs originating from dorsal raphé, pedunculopontine, and subthalamic nuclei were tested for synaptic modifications followingin vivococaine exposure. Our results demonstrate that cocaine differentially induces modifications to SNc synapses depending on input origin. This presents implications for understanding dopamine processing of motivated behavior; most critically, it indicates that dopamine neurons selectively modulate signal reception processed by afferent nuclei.
Selective Suppression of Local Interneuron Circuits in Human Motor Cortex Contributes to Movement Preparation
Authors: Hannah Ricci , Cavanagh Sean E. , Tremblay Sara , Simeoni Sara , Rothwell John C.
Published: December 2017

Changes in neural activity occur in the motor cortex before movement, but the nature and purpose of this preparatory activity is unclear. To investigate this in the human (male and female) brain noninvasively, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe the excitability of distinct sets of excitatory inputs to corticospinal neurons during the warning period of various reaction time tasks. Using two separate methods (H-reflex conditioning and directional effects of TMS), we show that a specific set of excitatory inputs to corticospinal neurons are suppressed during motor preparation, while another set of inputs remain unaffected. To probe the behavioral relevance of this suppression, we examined whether the strength of the selective preparatory inhibition in each trial was related to reaction time. Surprisingly, the greater the amount of selective preparatory inhibition, the faster the reaction time was. This suggests that the inhibition of inputs to corticospinal neurons is not involved in preventing the release of movement but may in fact facilitate rapid reactions. Thus, selective suppression of a specific set of motor cortical neurons may be a key aspect of successful movement preparation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMovement preparation evokes substantial activity in the motor cortex despite no apparent movement. One explanation for the lack of movement is that motor cortical output in this period is gated by an inhibitory mechanism. This notion was supported by previous noninvasive TMS studies of human motor cortex indicating a reduction of corticospinal excitability. On the contrary, our data support the idea that there is a coordinated balance of activity upstream of the corticospinal output neurons. This includes a suppression of specific local circuits that supports, rather than inhibits, the rapid generation of prepared movements. Thus, the selective suppression of local circuits appears to be an essential part of successful movement preparation instead of an external control mechanism.
Scott’s Momentaneousness
Authors: Poot Luke Terlaak
Published: December 2017

Luke Terlaak Poot, “Scott’s Momentaneousness: Bad Timing in The Bride of Lammermoor” (pp. 283–310)

This essay takes up the debate at the beginning of Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor (1819), noting that critics have generally treated one figure in this debate—Dick Tinto, the painter who advises our narrator to use less dialogue and more descriptive language—as a strawman. Critics have mostly overlooked the extent to which Tinto articulates the dynamics of “momentaneousness,” an aesthetic principle drawn from Scott’s contemporary, Henry Fuseli. Fuseli defined a momentaneous painting as one that represents a moment with a clear past and future. For Fuseli, paintings ought to select pregnant moments for representation, moments from which whole narrative sequences can be intuited. Implicit in this notion is the belief that some moments are particularly suited to representation because they are qualitatively different from others—more fully narrative, because more indicative of larger processes of change. Turning to Scott’s novel, I show how this assumption features prominently in The Bride of Lammermoor, where it repeatedly produces unforeseen, calamitous consequences. The moment’s disruptive potential culminates in an aptly novelistic take on momentaneousness: the cliffhanger. The cliffhanger draws the act of reading into a circuit of temporal interruption and delay, reproducing the bad timing endemic to the novel’s plot. When read as an instance of momentaneous representation, The Bride’s climactic cliffhanger can be said to incorporate the reader’s own interpretive activity into the bewildering experience of historical time that the novel depicts. This technique, I argue, helps to account for The Bride’s peculiar place in the Waverley canon—its pessimistic historical vision and fatalistic narrative logic.
Zadarska biskupija u okviru Splitske metropolije od 805. do 1154. godine
Authors: Ančić Mladen
Published: December 2017

Autor raspravlja utjecaj političkih odnosa na definiranje crkvenih jurisdikcijskih područja i u tome sklopu status i razvoj zadarske biskupije u razdoblju od 9. do sredine 12. stoljeća. Za polaznu poziciju rasprave autor uzima činjenicu da je kroz cijelo ranosrednjovjekovno razdoblje teritorij zadarske biskupije u kopnenom dijelu ostao ograničen na uski pojas gradskoga zaleđa. Takvo se stanje izvodi iz razvoja političkih i crkvenih prilika na širem istočnojadranskom prostoru u 9. i na početku 10. stoljeća. Ističe se, s jedne strane, da je širenje jurisdikcijskoga područja zadarskog biskupa prvotno bilo zapriječeno organizacijom ninske biskupije. S druge se strane upozorava i na stanje u vrijeme obnove crkvene organizacije na splitskim sinodima 925. i 928. godine. U takvu se sklopu razmatraju okolnosti koje su dovele do toga da je Zadar još od mira sklopljena u Aachenu 812. godine zadržao autonomnu poziciju u odnosu na vlast hrvatskoga vladara. Kao rezultat takvoga razvoja prilika uobličuje se zasebno političko područje, u suvremenim vrelima poznato kao provincia Jadertina, čije se granice poklapaju s crkvenom jurisdikcijom zadarskoga biskupa. Autor upozorava na drugačiju sudbinu Splita, kojega su do kraja 9. stoljeća hrvatski vladari već u potpunosti stavili pod svoj nadzor, što će se pokazati čimbenikom od ključne važnosti pri definiranju metropolijskoga sjedišta crkvene organizacije Hrvatskoga kraljevstva. Uklapanje grada u sustav vlasti i uprave hrvatskoga kralja omogućit će splitskome nadbiskupu širenje jurisdikcijskoga područja u duboko zaleđe. Ista pozicija Trogira dovela je do toga da je u trenutku stvaranja trogirske biskupije jurisdikcijsko područje novoga biskupa također obuhvatilo razmjerno široko područje u zaleđu grada. U zaključnim se razmatranjima obrazlaže zašto političke mijene druge polovice 11. stoljeća nisu više mogle utjecati na promjenu davno uspostavljenoga stanja.
„Francuska cesta” na Biokovu poviše Brela
Authors: Belamarić Josip
Published: December 2017

U tekstu se raspravlja o „francuskoj cesti“ (1811) koja se od zaseoka Gornji Kričak u Brelima dizala serpentinama, da bi najkraćim putem prešla Biokovo prema Zadvarju. Nije nikad bila dovršena, pa je moguće rekonstruirati sve faze njezine gradnje – od uspostave operativne rampe kojom se pristupalo trasi, do gradnje suhozidnih podzida i pokosa, bankina s jedne ili obje strane ceste, stratifikacije cestovnog postroja od krupnog kamena i s dvostrukim pošljunčenim slojem šljunka različite gradacije. Nigdje se drugdje, među u sačuvanim primjerima francuskih cesta u Dalmaciji, ne mogu tako lijepo razumjeti tehnologija gradnje, način trasiranja i faze građenja. Projektirao ju je Frane Zavoreo, »ingenieur de grand merite« koji je znalački postavio trasu i organizirao radove, prema najboljim standardima moderne cestogradnje. U tekstu se govori i o načinu kojim su građene ove ceste, uz sudjelovanje vojske i mobiliziranog stanovništva.
Prema kritičkom mapiranju: slojevi graditeljskih intervencija u povijesnom tkivu splitske četvrti Veli Varoš od 1945. godine do danas
Authors: Bojić Nikola
Published: December 2017

Temeljem podataka prikupljenih arhivskim i terenskim istraživanjima te njihovim prevođenjem iz analognog u digitalni format, oblikovana je serija novih kartografskih prikaza graditeljskih transformacija unutar povijesnog splitskog predgrađa Veli Varoš u razdoblju nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata do danas. Analizom tih prikaza, u radu se provjerava hipoteza da je graditeljska struktura Varoša proizvod kontinuiranog dijalektičkog odnosa urbanističkih i konzervatorskih politika, širih društvenih i ekonomskih procesa te lokalnih graditeljskih praksi. Cilj analize je utvrđivanje utjecaja i međusobnih korelacija triju spomenutih fenomena na funkcije, prostorni integritet i povijesno-ambijentalne vrijednosti Veloga Varoša do 1990. godine, te od 1990. godine do danas kada su graditeljske te šire prostorne i društvene transformacije neposredan rezultat utjecaja suvremene turističke industrije.
Dokumenti o zamjeni dviju slika Vittorea Carpaccia iz Strossmayerove galerije za Višeslavovu, odnosno Krstionicu svećenika Ivana iz Muzeja Correr
Authors: Dulibić Ljerka , Pasini Tržec Iva
Published: December 2017

Godine 1942. izvršena je zamjena dviju slika Vittorea Carpaccia iz Strossmayerove galerije u Zagrebu za tzv. Višeslavovu krstionicu iz Muzeja Correr u Veneciji. Ciljano arhivsko istraživanje dokumenata o zamjeni koji se čuvaju u Strossmayerovoj galeriji, u Arhivu HAZU, u Ministarstvu kulture, u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu, te Muzeju i Biblioteci Correr u Veneciji, rezultiralo je obimnom građom čija analiza omogućuje izravan uvid u tijek pregovora i uspostavljanje precizne kronologije zamjene, te doprinosi sagledavanju zbivanja i u širem društveno-povijesnom kontekstu. Naposlijetku se ukazuje i na najranije datiran dokument iz arhiva Muzeja Correr, koji sadrži dragocjen opis krstionice iz 1852. godine
Barutane (polveriere) na tvrđavama sv. Nikole i sv. Ivana u Šibeniku
Authors: Glavaš Ivo
Published: December 2017

Na novovjekovnim tvrđavama sv. Nikole u šibenskom kanalu sv. Ante i sv. Ivana iznad Šibenika jedini cjelovito sačuvani objekti su barutane. U radu se raspravlja o tipologiji mletačkih barutana (polveriere) i analiziraju barutana unutar tvrđave sv. Nikole i barutana u centralnom dijelu tvrđave sv. Ivana. Barutana u tvrđavi sv. Nikole u literaturi je do sada pogrešno interpretirana kao zatvor, a barutana na tvrđavi sv. Ivana nije niti uočena. Barutanu na tvrđavi sv. Nikole moguće je okvirno datirati u XVII. stoljeće iako nacrti tvrđave iz gradske knjižnice u Trevisu, za koje se drži da ih je izveo sam graditelj tvrđave Giangirolamo Sanmicheli ili netko tko je poznavao njegov nacrt, ukazuju na prostor na donjoj etaži tvrđave na samoj morskoj razini uz sjeveroistočnu kurtinu koji je možda mogao biti rezerviran za barutanu jer na tom mjestu nisu planirane topovske pozicije. Barutana na tvrđavi sv. Ivana vidi se na gotovo svim poznatim povijesnim grafičkim prikazima tvrđave, a izgrađena je negdje između 1649. godinu, kad je tvrđava prvi put proširena nakon osmanskog napada dvije godine ranije, i prve pojave barutane na povijesnom prikazu 1658. godine
Životopis i bibliografija prof. dr. sc. Pavuše Vežića
Authors: Hilje Emil
Published: December 2017

U tekstu se iznose biografski podaci i cjelokupna bibliografija prof. dr. sc. Pavuše Vežića kojemu je posvećeno sedmo izdanje Ars Adriatice.
Primjer damnatio memoriae u Enoni: Kaligula / August
Authors: Kolega Marija
Published: December 2017

U radu se analizira kip cara Augusta iz Nina (Aenona) s ogrnutim plaštem i frizurom tipa Prima Porta u kontekstu teze o preklesavanju iz izvorno Kaligulina portreta. Neslužbenu osudu (de facto damnatio memoriae) nad Kaligulinim likom dopustio je car Klaudije, te je uslijedio proces odstranjivanja službenih prikaza i intenzivna prerada njegovih kipova u klesarskim radionicama. Primjer u Enoni potvrda je prihvaćanja senatskih sankcija nad nepoćudnom carskom osobom, kao i iskaz visokog stupnja lojalnosti prema prvom rimskom caru.
O prvoj monografiji posvećenoj gotičkom kiparu i graditelju Pavlu Vanucijevu iz Sulmone
Authors: Lakošeljac Đurđina
Published: December 2017

U radu se donosi prikaz knjige Zadarski kipar i graditelj Pavao Vanucijev iz Sulmone autora Emila Hilje, objavljene 2016. godine u izdanju Sveučilišta u Zadru, u sklopu Biblioteke Zephyrus Odjela za povijest umjetnosti. Riječ je o monografiji posvećenoj dalmatinskom gotičkom graditelju i kiparu talijanskog porijekla, Pavlu Vanucijevu iz Sulmone, u kojoj je autor na sustavan i znanstveno utemeljen način obradio i prezentirao dosadašnje spoznaje o životu i djelovanju spomenutog majstora
Slika i antislika – Julije Knifer i problem prezentacije
Authors: Perica Blaženka
Published: December 2017

Zbornik tekstova SLIKA I ANTISLIKA – JULIJE KNIFER I PROBLEM REPREZENTACIJE refleksije su proizašle iz multi- i transdisciplinarnog višemjesečnog istraživanja hrvatskih i inozemnih kritičara i teoretičara posvećenih suvremenoj osjetljivosti za pitanja slike i slikovnosti koji se referiraju na zajedničko polazište: opus jednog od najznačajnijih hrvatskih umjetnika Julija Knifera koji je slikajući preko četiri i pol desetljeća jedan te isti motiv, meandar, svojim dosljednim konceptom u svijetu umjetnosti izgradio jednu od najintrigantnijih pozicija u vremenu od početka 1960ih do danas.

Publikacija se stoga ističe već i poradi ovog, u domaćoj izdavačkoj produkciji doista rijetko ostvarenog spoja između monografijskih podataka i niza znanstveno-teorijskih diskursa iz čega je proizišao doista vrijedan komparativni preglednik, doprinos kako aktualizaciji i novopozicioniranju Kniferove umjetnosti tako i analitičkim i interpretativnim postupcima vezanima za suvremeno stanje teorije umjetnosti u kojoj slika, slikovnost i vizualnost zauzimaju osobito mjesto.