bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EMERGENCE OF A “FLEXIBLE” CONDITIO SINE QUA NON TEST TO FACTUAL CAUSATION? Lee v Minister of Correctional Services 2013 (2) SA 144 (CC)
Authors: CJ  Visser  , Christin  Kennedy-Good
Published: October 2021

For many years the factual causation inquiry has remained relatively uncontentious as the determination of a factual nexus has not posed many problems for the courts. The courts establish a factual nexus on the evidence and probabilities of each case and employ the well-known conditio sine qua non test to affirm their findings on factual causation (we use the terms conditio sine qua non test and “but for” test interchangeably). However, in a recent judgment of the Constitutional Court, Lee v Minister of Correctional Services (2013 (2) SA 144 (CC)), the Court was tasked to determine a factual nexus in a multifaceted set of circumstances which challenged the traditional application of the conditio sine qua non test. Specifically, the Court had to determine the existence of a factual nexus between a systemic state omission in protecting prisoners from contracting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the subsequent harm that ensued. In response to this scenario, the Court articulated a so-called “flexible” conditio sine qua non test which purports to be more adaptable than the traditional formulation of this test.

This paper mainly seeks to interrogate whether the Constitutional Court indeed created a novel approach to factual causation by expanding on the traditional conditio sine qua non test. In doing so, we will examine existing law on the various approaches to establish a factual nexus in an attempt to provide context to this “flexible” conditio sine qua non test. In addition, we shall also consider two schools of thought regarding the appropriate approach to be utilized to determine factual causation, which schools draw upon the co-existence of these various approaches, in a further attempt to highlight the possible flexibility in the factual causation inquiry. Thereafter, consideration will be given to the statements made by the Constitutional Court in the Lee case, and the preceding lower-court judgments, in relation to the issue of factual causation in order to gain greater clarity on the substance of the “flexible” conditio sine qua non test. Lastly, we shall provide an analysis of the court’s judgment to ascertain the importance of flexibility in the factual causation inquiry, and then we shall evaluate whether the Court succeeded in creating a new approach to factual causation and whether the judgment enabled further legal development in this area of the law.
Egy 17. századi örmény katolikus Breviárium az MTA Könyvtárának Keleti Gyűjteményében
Authors: Nagy Kornél
Published: October 2021

Generally, the libraries have keeping very few old-published Armenian books or codices in Hungary. The small-sized-17th Armenian Catholic Breviary (Cisaran, Kargaworut’iwn) is an exception, which has proved the rule. At present, this Breviary is being kept at the Oriental Collection in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. According to the contemporaneous Armenian land Latin handwritings in this Breviary, the scholarship was able to follow closely behind its real fate. This ecclesiastical book was published at about the mid-17th century at the-called Polyglotta’s press in the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of Faith (Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide), the Institute of the Roman Catholic Missions at the Holy Apostolic See in Rome. At the last third of the 17th century, the Breviary was brought by Polish-born Armenian Uniate priests from Rome to Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivsk in Ukraine) in Poland. The Breviary in the 1720’s or in 1730’s got to the hand of Stefan Stefanowicz Roszka (1670−1739), Armenian Uniate Prelate in Stanisławów, when he was sent to Transylvania as an Apostolic Visitor in order to the control the Armenians’ daily religious life in Transylvania at the behest of the Holy Apostolic See in 1728. The Unaite Prelate brought this Breviary to the Armenian Uniate Holy Trinity Parish in Szamosújvár (Gherla, Armenopolis) as a gift. In this manner, this Breviary was kept at the Library of the Armenian Catholic Parish in Szamosújvár till the end of the Wold War II. Later on, the Breviary arrived at the National Library of Széchényi in Budapest in the late 1940’s, but, as some decades passed, it was delivered to the Oriental Collection of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the 1960’s or in 1970’s. Therefore, in this brief article, we have attempted to investigate the past of this Breviary from church-historical point of view. Further on, this writing has aimed at summarising the historical backgrounds of the Armenian colonies in Poland and Transylvania in the late 17th and the early 18th centuries. Finally, this study has been focused upon the implementation of the church-unions with Rome and the birth of the Armenian Catholic Church, resting upon the partly discovered and entirely undiscovered sources as well as analysing critically secondary literature.
The effects of socio-scientific STEM activities on 21st century skills of middle school students
Authors: BENEK İbrahim , AKÇAY Behiye
Published: October 2021

In this study, the effects of the STEM activities integrated with socio-scientific issues on students' 21st century skills were investigated. In this research, nested mixed design was used. The study group of this research consisted of 16 middle school students who studied in the seventh grade of a public school in an eastern province of Turkey. Socio-scientific STEM activities were applied to the study group for 24 weeks in the first and second semesters. Students followed the engineering design stages for STEM activities. In the research, 21st Century Skills Scale, Interview Form, Perception of 21st Century Skills Form, Field Notes, and Informal Interview Notes were used as data collection tools. SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data of the research, and content and descriptive analysis methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. The study results showed that STEM activities integrated with socio-scientific issues had a positive effect on students' 21st century skills. Also, as a result of the examination of the opinions of the students, it was determined that the application developed the “creativity and innovation” skills of the students the most. Furthermore, students’ social and intercultural entrepreneurship, self-management, leadership and responsibility, critical thinking, problem solving, communication and cooperation, creativity and innovation skills were enhanced/developed at the end of the study.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL RELATIONS OF MILITARY PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kapinus O.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the study of relations concerning the military property management as a kind of administrative and legal relations. It is proved that in the Armed Forces of Ukraine property relations, as well as any other relations have an administrative and organizational component.
It is determined that the distinguishing feature of property relations in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the administration of the participants behavior in such relations and the predominance of organizational and subordinate powers in the legal regulation of military property relations. The main distinguishing criteria of administrative from other types of legal relations that arise in the field of military property management are their features, which are most evident in the specifics of structural elements: content and object, and in some cases – subjects. It is proved that administrative and legal relations concerning military property can be classified based on the criteria of their relation to the administrative and legal regime of military
property. According to this criterion, the following types are distinguished: administrative and legal relations concerning the registration and write-off of military property in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; administrative and legal relations concerning the military property inventory in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; administrative and legal relations regarding the alienation of military property in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; administrative and legal relations regarding the utilization of military property in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The main difficulties that arise in the field of militaryproperty management, which are related to the "human factor" and in general lead to two scenarios: 1) unequal distribution of property by higher-level governing bodies; 2) insufficient quality of performance of their duties by some officials, and better – by others. It is proposed to resolve such difficulties by reviewing the process of selecting candidates for positions with a high level of liability; development of advisers and manuals for materially responsible officers, periodic organization of trainings for them to improve the efficiency of military property management, and transfer quantitative, qualitative and timely control over such property into automated management systems.
Modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment of patient with alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Sotnikova Anna G. , Averyanov Alexander V. , Turusina Tamara A. , Lesnyak Victor N. , Sazonov Dmitry V. , Danilevskaya Olesya V. , Chernyaev Andrey L.
Published: October 2021

The case of a rare lung disease - alveolar proteinosis diagnosed with advanced technologies, including confocal laser endomicroscopy of respiratory tract (alveoscopy) is presented. After confirming the diagnosis the patient undewent high volume bronchoalveolar lavage of both lungs with positive clinical and radiologic dynamics.
First experience of laparoscopic kidney cyst resection by a single access method
Authors: Baranov Alexee V. , Panchenkov Dmitriy N. , Behteva Marina E. , Shirshov Basil N.
Published: October 2021

We describe the first clinical experience of laparoscopic surgery for renal cyst by a single access. Advantages, disadvantages and prospects of this method are analized.
Absceso cerebral por Nocardia sp. en un paciente inmunocompetente en el Perú: reporte de caso
Authors: Huamaní-Charagua Pamela , Portocarrero-Nieto Jesús , Arango-Rojas Gian Marco , Latorre Alan , Vilcarromero Stalin
Published: October 2021

La nocardiosis cerebral es una entidad rara que ha sido reportada principalmente en inmunosuprimidos, y en la actualidad no se dispone de guías clínicas que recomienden un tratamiento de primera línea. Presentamos el caso de un adulto mayor, inmunocompetente, con cuadro de encefalopatía y hemiparesia izquierda, asociado a lesiones compatibles con absceso cerebral múltiple y sugerente de etiología infecciosa. Recibió, inicialmente, tratamiento para la tuberculosis, absceso bacteriano y toxoplasmosis, sin respuesta clínica favorable. Se inició un tratamiento empírico para la nocardiosis con meropenem y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, y se logró mejoría clínica e imagenológica. La ocurrencia de eventos adversos obliga el uso temporal de medicamentos alternativos. Se resaltan algunos criterios a considerar para incluir la nocardiosis en el diagnóstico diferencial en los casos de absceso cerebral múltiple y se mencionan los métodos diagnósticos de laboratorio y los fármacos para iniciar un tratamiento empírico.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la intención de vacunarse contra la COVID-19 en el Perú
Authors: Herrera-Añazco Percy , Uyen-Cateriano Ángela , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Bendezu-Quispe Guido , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. , RodrÍguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Hernández Adrian V. , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la intención de vacunación (IDV) contra la COVID-19 en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico utilizando una encuesta realizada por la Universidad de Maryland, EUA, en Facebook. La variable dependiente fue la IDV. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para evaluar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas, el cumplimiento de estrategias comunitarias de mitigación, los síntomas de la COVID-19, la salud mental y la aceptación de la vacunación ante la recomendación (AVR) por diversos actores y autoridades sanitarias. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 17 162 adultos. La prevalencia general de la IDV fue del 74,9%. Se asociaron a una menor prevalencia de la IDV ser de sexo femenino (RP = 0,95; IC95%: 0,94-0,97), vivir en un pueblo (RP = 0,95; IC95%: 0,91-0,99) o en una aldea u otra área rural (RP = 0,90; IC95%: 0,86-0,93) y la AVR de políticos (RP = 0,89; IC95%: 0,87-0,92). Contrariamente, tener síntomas de COVID-19 (RP = 1,06; IC95%: 1,03-1,09), inseguridad económica (RP = 1,04; IC95%: 1,01-1,06), miedo a enfermar o que un familiar enferme de COVID-19 (RP = 1,49; IC95%: 1,36-1,64) y la AVR de familiares y amigos (RP = 1,10; IC95%: 1,08-1,12), trabajadores de la salud (RP = 1,29; IC95%: 1,26- 1,32), la Organización Mundial de la Salud (RP = 1,34; IC95%: 1,29-1,40) y funcionarios del gobierno (RP = 1,18; IC95%: 1,15-1,22) se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de IDV. Conclusiones: Tres cuartas partes de los encuestados manifiestan IDV. Existen factores potencialmente modificables que podrían mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna.
Evaluation of Earthquake Response Spectra Directionality Using Stochastic Simulations
Authors: Poulos Alan , Miranda Eduardo , Baker Jack W.
Published: October 2021

For earthquake-resistant design purposes, ground-motion intensity is usually characterized using response spectra. The amplitude of response spectral ordinates of horizontal components varies significantly with changes in orientation. This change in intensity with orientation is commonly known as ground-motion directionality. Although this directionality has been attributed to several factors, such as topographic irregularities, near-fault effects, and local geologic heterogeneities, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still not well understood. This work studies the directionality characteristics of earthquake ground-motion intensity using synthetic ground motions and compares their directionality to that of recorded ground motions. The two principal components of horizontal acceleration are sampled independently using a stochastic model based on finite-duration time-modulated filtered Gaussian white-noise processes. By using the same stochastic process to sample both horizontal components of motion, the variance of horizontal ground acceleration has negligible orientation dependence. However, these simulations’ response spectral ordinates present directionality levels comparable to those found in real ground motions. It is shown that the directionality of the simulated ground motions changes for each realization of the stochastic process and is a consequence of the duration being finite. Simulated ground motions also present similar directionality trends to recorded earthquake ground motions, such as the increase of average directionality with increasing period of vibration and decrease with increasing significant duration. These results suggest that most of the orientation dependence of horizontal response spectra is primarily explained by the finite significant duration of earthquake ground motion causing inherent randomness in response spectra, rather than by some physical mechanism causing polarization of shaking.
Scattering Attenuation of the Martian Interior through Coda-Wave Analysis
Authors: Karakostas Foivos , Schmerr Nicholas , Maguire Ross , Huang Quancheng , Kim Doyeon , Lekic Vedran , Margerin Ludovic , Nunn Ceri , Menina Sabrina , Kawamura Taichi , Lognonné Philippe , Giardini Domenico , Banerdt Bruce
Published: October 2021

We investigate the scattering attenuation characteristics of the Martian crust and uppermost mantle to understand the structure of the Martian interior. We examine the energy decay of the spectral envelopes for 21 high-quality Martian seismic events from sols 128 to 500 of InSight operations. We use the model of Dainty, Toksöz, et al. (1974) to approximate the behavior of energy envelopes resulting from scattered wave propagation through a single diffusive layer over an elastic half-space. Using a grid search, we mapped the layer parameters that fit the observed InSight data envelopes. The single diffusive layer model provided better fits to the observed energy envelopes for high-frequency (HF) and very-high-frequency (VF) than for the low-frequency and broadband events. This result is consistent with the suggested source depths (Giardini et al., 2020) for these families of events and their expected interaction with a shallow scattering layer. The shapes of the observed data envelopes do not show a consistent pattern with event distance, suggesting that the diffusivity and scattering layer thickness is nonuniform in the vicinity of InSight at Mars. Given the consistency in the envelope shapes between HF and VF events across epicentral distances and the trade-offs between the parameters that control scattering, the dimensions of the scattering layer remain unconstrained but require that scattering strength decreases with depth and that the rate of decay in scattering strength is the fastest near the surface. This is generally consistent with the processes that would form scattering structures in planetary lithospheres.
Peligro biomecánico en la manipulación manual de carga en trabajadores de un ingenio azucarero
Authors: Gaviria Marulanda Alexandrea , Osorio Ordoñez Cristian Camilo , Henao Morales Marisol , Lenis Villada Luisa Fernanda , Recalde Ruiz Nathalia Andrea
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Durante la actividad de manipulación y transporte manual de cargas, se adoptan posturas forzadas por tiempo prolongado que afecta principalmente la columna vertebral y los miembros superiores, generando sintomatología que incluye dolor, rigidez, limitación en el movimiento, inflamación articular, adormecimiento, entre otros, incrementando los índices de ausentismo y morbilidad de origen osteomuscular.
Objetivo: identificar el peligro biomecánico asociado a la aparición de trastornos osteomusculares en los trabajadores de despacho en un ingenio azucarero durante el año 2019-2020.
Métodos: Se evaluaron 14 empleados masculinos, con rango de edad entre 35 y 48 años, a los cuales se les aplicó el método Guía del levantamiento de carga del INSHT para determinar el nivel de riesgo biomecánico y se evaluó la percepción de sintomatología a través del Cuestionario Nórdico.
Resultados: Se evidenció, nivel de riesgo no tolerable puesto que los trabajadores manipulan cargas que superan de manera excesiva el peso aceptable sugerido para esta labor, y presencia de sintomatología osteomuscular en la región cervical, lumbar, hombros y muñecas.
Conclusiones: Los trabajadores presentaron alto nivel de peligro biomecánico, que puede ocasionar enfermedades de origen laboral y por consiguiente, limitación funcional o condición de discapacidad física, si no se toman las medidas correctivas a tiempo, tanto en el peso de la carga como en el desarrollo mismo de la actividad laboral.
Las “Vías Clínicas” como estrategia de mejoramiento en el manejo del Síndrome Coronario Agudo, una revisión narrativa.
Authors: Tarazona Tabares Diana Carolina , Franco Vasquez Luis Guillermo , Castillo Jiménez Diana Andrea
Published: October 2021

Introducción: En Colombia, entre 2005 y 2017 las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio fueron la primera causa de mortalidad, y para ese último año, las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón produjeron el 53,3% (38.618) de las muertes dentro de ese grupo de enfermedades. El aumento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares hace parte de una transición epidemiológica hacia un perfil de morbilidad cada vez más costoso, amenazando la sostenibilidad del sistema de salud. Se han implementado diferentes estrategias de gestión clínica a nivel mundial para mejorar la prestación de servicios y contribuir a la eficacia y eficiencia de los sistemas de salud, entre las cuales se encuentran las denominadas “Vías clínicas”. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los resultados de las Vías Clínicas en el manejo del Síndrome Coronario Agudo.
Método: Se realizo una revisión narrativa de la literatura en PubMed y otras bases de datos.
Resultados: Se  incluyeron 14 artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2020.  Una RS, cuatro ECAS, seis estudios cuasiexperimentales, dos observacionales de cohortes prospectivos, uno observacional descriptivo. Los estudios demostraron un efecto positivo para el mejoramiento de la oportunidad Puerta-Balón, disminución de la estancia hospitalaria y aumento de altas tempranas. No se evidencian cambios en la mortalidad, complicaciones, ni en la oportunidad puerta-aguja y puerta-ECG.
Conclusiones: Las vías clínicas muestran efectos positivos en el mejoramiento de la oportunidad de atención, la disminución de la estancia y la estimulación de altas tempranas, sin detrimento de la seguridad ni de los resultados clínicos.
Vitamins Composition in Clarias gariepinus Fish Body Parts (Liver, Muscle, Head): Reporting on Samples on Fresh, Smoked-Dried and Dry Extract Bases
Authors: Adeyeye Emmanuel Ilesanmi , Abioye Olatoye Rauf
Published: October 2021

An investigation into the vitamins composition levels in Clariasgariepinus fish was carried out and reported in dry extract/fresh; dry extract / smoked-dried on individual vitamins and the sum of the whole vitamins. Parts investigated were liver, muscle and head. Whereas fresh and smoked-dried data were laboratory results, the dry extract portions were calculated and reported as dry extract /fresh sample, dry extract / smoked-dried sample for liver, muscle and head. Results obtained ran thus and all values were in mg/100g vitamin where d = difference, CV% = coefficient of variation and % difference = % value that shows what made dry extract value greater than its reported comparison: dry extract/fresh, % d = 74.5 (all), CV% = 84.0 (all), in liver; dry extract/smoked, % d =24.5 (all), CV% = 19.7 (all), in liver; dry extract/fresh, % d = 74.3 (all), CV% = 83.6 (all), in muscle; ndry extract/smoked, % d = 10.2 (all), CV% =7.60 (all), in muscle;m dry extract/fresh, % d = 68.5 (all), CV% = 73.7 (all), in head; dry extract/smoked, % d = 9.10 (all), CV% = 6.74 (all), in head; dry extract/fresh, % d = 71.9- 74.5, CV% = 79.4 - 82.4 in total vitamin body load; dry extract/smoked, % d = 9. 69- 24.5, CV% = 7.20 - 19.7 in total vitamin body load; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 69.6 - 82.0 in liver; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 72.3 - 76.3 in muscle; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 62.9 - 75.2 in head; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 69.7- 79.0 in total vitamins body load.Among the dry extract values calculated from fresh samples and subjected to chi-square (χ2) values, significant values were observed in vitamins B6, C, A, B1, D, E and total at α=0.05. In the dry extract values from smoked samples, only three significant χ2 values in vitamins A, E and total were observed. In reflection to vitamin concentration levels, percentage higher levels in dry extracts (from fresh) had these trends: liver (74.5%) > muscle (74.3%) > head (68.5%) whereas from smoked, we had liver (24.5%) > muscle (10.2%) > head (9.10%). Also total vitamin body load from dry extract (fresh) was 71.9-74.5% difference and dry extract (smoked) was 9.69 -24.5% difference. It should be noted that liver occupied the higher part of the range in the two comparisons, like 74.5% (fresh) and 24.5% (smoked).
FABRICANDO CONSENSO NO BRASIL: A MÍDIA E A EXCLUSÃO DE CANDIDATOS NAS ELEIÇÕES BRASILEIRA E VENEZUELANA DE 2018
Authors: Lalli Rafael Sabatini Oliveira , Oliveira Vânia Braz
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, foi aplicado o “modelo de propaganda” de Chomsky & Herman no exame da cobertura feita pelas mídias de massa brasileiras sobre a exclusão de candidatos por processos jurídicos das eleições presidenciais brasileira e venezuelana de 2018. Para tal, foi empregada a metodologia chomskyana de estudo comparativo do material produzido pelo jornal O Estado de São Paulo entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de maio de 2018 sobre os candidatos excluídos de cada pleito. Foram analisados o enquadramento da questão praticado pelo jornal em cada caso por meio de técnicas de representação, a pluralidade de opiniões apresentadas sobre o assunto e o posicionamento dos autores do material opinativo do veículo. Observou-se que a cobertura do jornal corrobora acusações de ataques à liberdade de candidatura no caso da eleição venezuelana, enquanto rechaça tais alegações no caso da eleição brasileira.
PROPAGANDA TRANSMIDIÁTICA: UMA ANÁLISE DIALÓGICA DO MECANISMO DE COMUNICAÇÃO EM REDE
Authors: Bertone Yan Tavares , Baraúna Monique Nascimento
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como tema a análise dialógica do discurso da campanha transmidiática do gênero propaganda da série televisiva Lincoln Rhyme na esfera da pós-modernidade. A série é derivada do livro “O Colecionador de Ossos”, de Jeffery Deaver, traduzido por Ruy Jungmann, lançado em 1997 e adaptado para o cinema em 2000. O problema que motivou a pesquisa é a relação da receptividade e interatividade do sujeito pós-moderno a não se limitar em apenas uma plataforma midiática. Tem-se, com isso, a justificativa da relação do comportamento do sujeito em relação à sociedade de consumo e sua influência na corrente dialógica da Cultura Digital, compreendida por Santaella (2003). Para que a Análise Dialógica do Discurso seja concluída, conceitua-se o conteúdo publicitário como um enunciado capaz de interagir e gerar inferências e enunciados-resposta na arena dialógica de seu meio, com base nas teorias dialógicas compreendidas pelo Círculo de Bakhtin. Como metodologia para a realização deste trabalho, tem-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, de maneira a fundamentar a abordagem do artigo frente às teorias da comunicação e da linguagem. Como resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida, conclui-se que a interação social do sujeito na esfera pós-moderna não se limita a um único modo de expressão e que, com a segmentação das narrativas nas plataformas digitais, é possível obter maior receptividade.
EFEITOS DA TERAPIA VIRTUAL NA FUNÇÃO MOTORA DO MEMBRO SUPERIOR PARÉTICO DE PACIENTES PÓS ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO
Authors: Lacerda Borges Ana Carolina , Florêncio das Neves Marcele , Fernandes Neves Gabrielle , Mendes de Araújo Vila Nova Victória , Takeshi Tatsukawa de Freitas Sérgio , Fonseca Eliana Aparecida , Pupio Silva Lima Fernanda , Oliveira Lima Mário
Published: October 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da Terapia Virtual (TV) no membro superior parético de indivíduos pós AVE. Participaram do estudo seis voluntários, que realizaram a terapia virtual utilizando o vídeo game XBOX 360, por meio do jogo vazamentos. Foram realizados 10 atendimentos de tratamento ininterruptos, por 30 minutos, durante duas semanas. A avaliação consistiu na quantificação da força e atividade mioelétrica no primeiro, no sexto e após o décimo atendimento. Os resultados mostraram aumento significativo da força, com consequente aumento da atividade elétrica do músculo bíceps braquial e diminuição da atividade mioelétrica para o músculo tríceps braquial (p<0,05). Desse modo, acredita-se que esta forma de terapia possa ser associada aos recursos terapêuticos convencionais para acelerar o processo de reabilitação de indivíduos hemiparéticos espásticos.
REABILITAÇÃO SENSÓRIO-MOTORA ASSOCIADA À FOTOBIOMODULAÇÃO TRANSCRANIANA EM PACIENTES COM LESÃO DO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL
Authors: Lobo Guimarães Carolina , Pinto Ana Paula , Gimenes Macedo Humberto , Klausner Virgínia , Púpio Silva Lima Fernanda , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão , Oliveira Lima Mário
Published: October 2021

As doenças neurológicas geralmente estão associadas a importantes déficits funcionais, dificultando a execução de atividades de vida diária e autocuidado. Pesquisas recentes demonstram efeitos positivos da Fotobiomodulação Transcraniana (FBM-T) para estimulação do tecido cerebral. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da FBM-T associada ao treinamento aeróbico na função do sistema musculoesquelético de indivíduos com lesões neurológicas crônicas. Participaram deste ensaio clínico duplo-cego 16 voluntários com diferentes lesões do SNC, de ambos os sexos, idade média de 51,9±13,9 anos e marcha preservada. Os voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (Treino FBM-T ativo + treino aeróbico e FBM-T placebo + treino aeróbico). O programa de reabilitação foi realizado em esteira ergométrica, na frequência de 2 vezes semanais e com duração total de 12 semanas. A FBM-T (3 lasers no λ= 660nm e 3 Lasers no λ= 808nm, 100mW, 6J/laser, 60seg/ponto, 36J por ponto, energia total 108J/cm2) foi aplicada em 3 pontos, sendo estes Fz, F7 e F8 segundo o Sistema Internacional 10-20 de EEG. Foram avaliados RMS do músculo reto femoral parético ou de maior comprometimento no pré-tratamento, 8ª semana e 12ª semana. Nota-se um aumento da atividade elétrica do grupo Laser nas coletas de RMS isotônica e isométrica, e redução do recrutamento muscular em ortostatismo quando comparados o início e o final do treinamento. Sugere-se que a FBM-T pode ter sido um fator influente para o aumento do recrutamento muscular no grupo Laser.
O ESTUDO SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE POLI TEREFTALATO DE ETILENO COMO AGREGADO EM ARGAMASSAS
Authors: Dyer Paulo Paiva Oliveira Leite , Coppio Gustavo Lauer
Published: October 2021

No mundo moderno, a geração de resíduos de biodegradabilidade lenta vem ocasionando diversos impactos ambientais. Destes, destacam-se os resíduos de Poli Etileno Tereftalato (PET), os quais são originários das embalagens alimentícias, que surgiram para facilitar o mercado consumidor cada vez mais dinâmico e crescente. Da mesma forma, o consumo de recursos minerais pela construção civil impacta de maneira importante o meio ambiente e a sociedade. Com isso, torna-se uma oportunidade à reutilização destes resíduos poliméricos, em substituição ao agregado mineral, nas misturas cimentíceas, um procedimento que pode trazer vantagens ao produto final, seja em argamassas ou em concreto de cimento Portland. Neste sentido, há diversos esforços de pesquisadores e entidades de pesquisa, ao longo dos anos, em reaproveitar resíduos de PET para este fim, contudo, ainda são discutíveis os resultados obtidos até aqui. Desta forma, neste presente artigo foram propostas novas metodologias para este reuso e assim foram testadas argamassas contendo PET como agregado, de acordo com a Norma brasileira. Os resultados revelaram um ganho em resistência à compressão, da ordem de três vezes, além de um isolamento térmico superior, da ordem de cinco vezes, em relação às argamassas convencionais. Este novo material ainda revelou ser comercialmente viável, de acordo com os critérios normativos e com o custo final. Assim sendo, o reuso de PET como agregado demonstra ser uma alternativa que, além de beneficiar o meio ambiente, tem o potencial de produzir um material de construção mais vantajoso
ESTUDO DAS DECISÕES DE PROCESSOS DE RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL CONTRA CIRURGIÕES DENTISTAS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Canettieri Antonio Carlos Victor , Neves Hebert De Moraes
Published: October 2021

O cirurgião-dentista (CD) no desempenho de sua profissão está sujeito a prestar contas sob o ponto de vista legal (responsabilidade penal, civil e administrativa), assim como no moral ou ético (responsabilidade ética). A responsabilidade civil envolve a obrigação de uma pessoa indenizar o dano causado a outra, com a intenção de estabelecer o equilíbrio patrimonial decorrente do dano. O presente trabalho propôs uma análise na jurisprudência de processos de responsabilidade civil em ações promovidas contra cirurgiões-dentistas no estado de São Paulo, no período de 2015 e 2016. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados do site de tribunal de justiça (http://www.tjsp.jus.br). Após análise de 94 decisões judiciais, concluiu-se que o tratamento odontológico foi considerado como de obrigação de resultado (52%) com responsabilidade do tipo subjetiva (51%), e a inversão do ônus da prova ocorreu em 49% dos casos; sendo que para cada 1.000 cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs) do estado de São Paulo, 1,1 já foi julgado em processos de responsabilidade civil. Conclui-se que o CD deveria dar maior importância ao prontuário odontológico, que deve ser muito bem descrito e apresentar o devido consentimento do paciente.
Precios, salarios y nivel de vida de los trabajadores no calificados en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Schmit Roberto , Guzmán Tomás
Published: October 2021

En las últimas décadas, la historiografía latinoamericana se ha planteado múltiples preguntas y desafíos metodológicos sobre el problema del nivel de vida de las sociedades del continente en perspectiva histórica. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar estos desafíos para el caso de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Utilizamos nuevas series de precios de una variedad de artículos de amplio consumo y de ingresos salariales de mano de obra de poca calificación (jornales de los peones albañiles y sueldos de empleados estatales de bajo rango). Con base en diversas canastas de consumo de subsistencia disponibles, presentamos diferentes posibilidades de series de salarios reales (welfare ratio). Así, examinamos la evolución del nivel de vida de los trabajadores no calificados porteños entre 1824 y 1850, durante un periodo de importantes transformaciones socio-económica y políticas.
Da “festa do castigo” à “alegria necessária”: Nietzsche e a invenção do abolicionismo penal
Authors: Villa Lucas
Published: October 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo a redescrição dos saberes penais a partir das lentes niilistas da filosofia de Nietzsche, desenvolvendo relações entre seu pensamento e o abolicionismo penal. Desde o advento do paradigma positivista, no século XIX, os saberes penais interromperam consideravelmente seu diálogo com a filosofia, mergulhando no discurso da ciência. Ocorre que, desde Nietzsche, o saber filosófico viveu profundas mudanças que permitiram o surgimento de projetos filosóficos pós-metafísicos com os quais os saberes penais não tiveram, ainda, oportunidade de dialogar suficientemente. O artigo, então, propõe a necessidade urgente de retomada do diálogo entre saberes penais e filosofia, a partir de uma perspectiva pós-metafísica. De início, faz um breve mapeamento dos discursos abolicionistas. Após, trata do niilismo e da forma como ele se manifestou na tradição cultural do ocidente para, depois, observar a crítica de Nietzsche ao direito penal (“festa do castigo”) e às noções de sujeito, dolo e culpabilidade. Sugere, então, a invenção do discurso abolicionista na proposta nietzschiana de uma sociedade sem direito penal (“alegria necessária”). A metodologia utilizada é genealógica e bibliográfica: promove garimpagem na obra do filósofo alemão para de lá extrair pensamento penal. Conclui que o abolicionismo pode ser redescrito como a consumação do niilismo operando na razão penal e Nietzsche como o primeiro abolicionista penal consumado.
Troubled Pedagogies and COVID-19: Fermenting New Relationships and Practices in Early Childhood Care and Education
Authors: Van Groll Nancy , Kummen Kathleen
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities, tensions, and possibilities in the Canadian early childhood education and care system. This paper experiments with the metaphor of fermentation to critically reflect on the ways we, as ECEC postsecondary instructors, were challenged in upholding our pedagogical commitments. Through retrospective analysis of emails, meeting notes, and other personal communications, we examine and describe how our work and pedagogical thinking with students has been contaminated by COVID-19. We highlight the need to refigure relationships to the troubling events and reconceptualize contamination as a potent opportunity to pedagogically ferment practices in the postsecondary classroom through which living and learning well can flourish.
DESEMPEÑO DE Sitophilus zeamais (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) EN DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE MAÍZ Y CONDICIONES ATMOSFÉRICAS
Authors: Sousa Adalberto Hipólito de , Maracajá Patrício Borges , Costa Alexandre Almeida da , Giraldo Alberto Soto , Pereira Tadeu Fladiner Costa
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el potencial de desarrollo y de destrucción del gorgojo Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en tres vari-edades de maíz (cruzeta, milhometro e hibra) almacenadas en tres condiciones atmosféricas (hermética, semihermética y no-hermética). Fueron evaluadas al final del período de almacenamiento, 60 días, a emergencia de adultos y a perdida de peso de los granos. La variedad milhometro se mostró más susceptible al desarrollo del gorgojo, pues presentó los mayores valores de emergencia de adultos y perdida de peso de los granos en las condiciones semi-hermética y no-hermética. Ya la variedad cruzeta, al ser almacenada en la condición hermética, presentó menor emergencia de adultos y perdida de peso de granos, tornando, por tanto, evidente la influencia de la condición hermética en la biología de esta especie, pues proporcionó menor incidencia de insectos y pérdida de peso del producto lo mismo en las variedades que se mostraron más susceptibles.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A JUVENTUDE RURAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE SERRA DO MEL – RN.
Authors: Silva Paulo Segundo e , Diniz Filho Edimar Teixeira , Maracajá Patrício Borges , Pereira Tadeu Fladiner Costa
Published: October 2021

Com o objetivo de fazer um estudo sobre a juventude rural dentro do contexto de transformações por que vem passando agricultura familiar, foram entrevistados pais, filhos e filhas de agricultores. Com o intuito de caracterizar os jovens, levando em consideração aspectos de sua vida cotidiana, educação, sua ocupação dentro e fora do lote, sua renda, relações de gênero e seus anseios em relação ao futuro. Foi aplicado um questionário junto aos pais e outro aos jovens com idade entre 15 e 25 anos, nas vilas agrícolas Amazonas e Pará, no município de Serra do Mel, estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Pôde-se constatar que nas localidades existem muitas dificuldades em relação ao acesso e qualidade da escola/educação, os jovens não querem permanecer na zona rural, falta de renda, as jovens recebem menos, mesmo exercendo a mesma atividade que os jovens e a completa falta de espaços para lazer nessas vilas. O campo é apontado como um lugar bom para se viver, mas não oferece condições para o jovem permanecer morando nele.
ETNOVETERINÁRIA: A FITOTERAPIA NA VISÃO DO FUTURO PROFISSIONAL VETERINÁRIO
Authors: Almeida Katyane de Sousa , Freitas Fagner Luiz da Costa , Pereira Tadeu Fladiner Costa
Published: October 2021

A Fitoterapia é um ramo da Etnoveterinária que trata das patologias que acometem os animais de forma natural e sem muitos gastos; como os futuros veterinários são os estudantes de hoje, se faz necessário que estes conheçam esta forma de terapia. Portanto, este trabalho objetivou recuperar e documentar os conhecimentos sobre a Etnoveterinária, assim como a importância desta no conjunto da sustentabilidade atual, avaliando o nível de conhecimento atual sobre fitoterapia e o seu uso pelos estudantes de veterinária da ESAM. O instrumento trabalhado foi a pesquisa direta através da aplicação de questionários ao corpo discente da veterinária da ESAM, durante o período de março a agosto de 2000. De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que o termo etnoveterinária não está amplamente difundido entre os estudantes de veterinária da ESAM, porém, a fitoterapia é de conhecimento de muitos e já utilizada por alguns, que citaram 24 plantas para o tratamento de diversas patologias animal, onde todas obtiveram sucesso no uso. A forma de divulgação mais indicada por eles foi a comunicação oral. Sobre a credibilidade da fitoterapia, 87,0 % passariam a utilizar esta forma de tratamento após confirmação científica, explicando as vantagens e desvantagens desta aplicação. Pôde-se observar que a fitoterapia é conhecida entre o corpo discente de veterinária da ESAM, porém há necessidade da realização de novas pesquisas nesta área.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS QUALIDADES FORRAGEIRAS DA JITIRANA (Merremia Aegyptia) E SEU POTENCIAL USO NA ALIMENTAÇÃO ANIMAL
Authors: Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Sousa Adalberto Hipólito de , Lira José Flaviano Barbosa de
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características químico-bromatológica da jitirana, bem como seu potencial na alimentação animal. A Jitirana foi ceifada com 115 dias para avaliação da produção de massa verde e análise químico-bromotológica. As amostras foram retiradas de uma área experimental de 35 x 35 m, fazendo-se assim 1.050 m2 . As amostras foram levadas para o laboratório de nutrição animal do Departamento de Zootecnia (DZ / ESAM), para serem feitas as devidas análises de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, resíduo mineral, material orgânica e energia bruta. Apesar do baixo percentual de matéria seca da forragem verde da jitirana, os percentuais de proteína bruta, resíduo mineral e extrato etéreo, além da produção de massa verde foram satisfatórios.
Establishment of the Course «the Bases of Religious Cultures and secular Ethics» and organization of Children`s Worldview
Authors: Benin V. L.
Published: October 2021

The article is having a discussion nature and addressed to the moral situation in the modern Russian society. It studies the related problems of inroduction into the school programm of a new subject «The bases of religious cultures and secular ethics».
Sita: The Justly Emancipated Woman in Chitra Banerji Divakaruni’s The Forest of Enchantments
Authors: Rathore Geetanjali
Published: October 2021

Sita has always been described as a docile and meek woman sine ages. The Indian English writers of the twenty first century has totally changed the age old narrative and brought out in the society the valiant and courageous Sita. Some writers focus her as awarrior, others as a very courageous woman who has no time to indulge in self pity. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni also focuses on the courageous and most witty side of her Sita. she shows her wit in the management of the household. How sita deftly keeps the male ego under control and makes her emancipated is the focus of the present paper. Male ego and suppression are alos the focus of this paper.
Efficient Manufacturing & Logistics in Indian E- Commerce Industry and Its Effect on Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Sharma Anup , Babu Akhil , Panavila Blesly , Raghuvanshi Sapna , Pathan MD Yunus
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the topic “Efficient manufacturing and logistics in Indian e-commerce industries and its effect on customer satisfaction” refers to one of the famous method (JIT - Just in time) used in manufacturing along with labor, material, and other inputs. The JIT role in Indian ecommerce industry is increasing, and awareness of Indian e-commerce industry enhances productivity of online retailers. It generates high level of satisfaction in customers, availing offline as well as online e-commerce services. JIT also contributes in improving physical distribution quality. Internal and external environment affects logistics and supply chains. From customer point of view, demand fulfillment using JIT method, clarity of production planning, sourcing and logistics are vital in Indian e-commerce industry
A Review on the Properties of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Cymbopogon citratus
Authors: Kumar Bhagarathi Lakhnarayan , Pestano Ms. Ferial , Phillips-Henry Mrs. Zenesia , Cossiah Ms. Chalasa , DaSilva Mr. Phillip N. B. , Singh Mr. Dharamdeo
Published: October 2021

Herbal and Medicinal plants are terminologies used for plants around the world as they possess significant therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to assess the properties and biological activities of these plants as well as their phytochemistry. The results of this study were done descriptively and placed into various tables. Analysis showed that Azadirachta indica possessed eighteen (18) therapeutic properties and sixty-five (65) biologically active compounds, Ocimum tenuiflorum possessed twelve (12) therapeutic properties and eighty-two (82) biologically active compounds were noted and Cymbopogon citratus possessed six (6) therapeutic properties and sixty-four (64) biologically active compounds were reported and analyzed. This study revealed that medicinal and herbal plants have great significance and are greatly overlooked. They can be used to resolve a variety of issues worldwide such as: avoiding microbial and insect resistance in species and even be useful in this time of pandemic against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVD-19 Virus). More studies should be done by health authorities, food authorities, agriculture authorities and other organizations with these plants and other medicinal and herbal plants to maximize their benefits.
Factors Affecting Financing of Rural Agricultural Projects in Rwanda: Experience of Equity Bank
Authors: Kayijamahe Chantal Mukandoli
Published: October 2021

In the processes of financial deepening in low-income countries, lags prevail in the provision of services in the rural areas, particularly in the supply of the financial services required for agricultural activities and of those demanded by households that earn an important portion of their incomes from crops. This study examined factors affecting financing of rural agricultural projects in Rwanda with a focus on the experience of Equity Bank. Objectives were to assess how nature of existing financial products by Equity Bank influences financing of rural agricultural project in Rwanda; to examine how nature of rural agricultural projects in Rwanda influence access to Equity Bank’s financial services; to assess how characteristics of rural clients who engage in agricultural projects in Rwanda influence their ability to access Equity Bank’s financial services; and to examine influence of how rural agricultural environment in Rwanda influences ability of farmers to access Equity Bank’s financial services. Results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between factors influencing financial support and rural agricultural projects (rho=0.392, p value<0.05). Secondly, there was a positive significant relationship between financial services and farmers’ progress (rho =0.358, p value <0.05). Thirdly, there was a positive and significant relationship between farmers’ ability to access funds and rural agricultural projects (rho =0.562, p value <0.05). The research concluded equity bank to creates a strong coordination with rural farmers that indicated by the factor that the big number of respondents agree with the statements relate to successful projects. From on the shortcomings of the research, Equity bank is suggested to provide financial support whenever its necessary because a number of respondents disagreed with this statement and the rural agricultural projects leaders are suggested to rely most of the time on the financial institutions.

 

Key words rural agricultural projects, Financing Factors
Adaptation genre of Ukrainian folk songs in the interpretation of K. Gorski: aspects of texture stylistics
Authors: Hanna V. Marynchak
Published: October 2021

The article examines the adaptation principles of Ukrainian folklore material used by an outstanding representative of the Polish-Ukrainian branch of the musical culture of Kharkov at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries.

For the analysis, a collection-cycle was selected, compiled by the author himself on the basis of adaptations of the songs used in the operetta “Oi Bozhe shcho ta liubov zmozhe!” for the libretto by A. Zbukireva, staged by M. Kropyvnytsky, one of the founders of the Ukrainian national theater.

Several groups of adaptations are outlined and classified, representing the portraits of the characters of the operetta, as well as the stage situations. Generalizing characteristics of the texture-stylistic approaches used by K. Gorski in the piano parts, prefixed to each of the 20 songs, are given.

It is noted that K. Gorski not only demonstrates professional mastery of adaptation techniques approved in classical music, but also translates features of Ukrainian folk polyphony into texture and harmony, which gives his adaptation an individualized charm.