bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relativistic effects in a mildly recycled pulsar binary: PSR J1952+2630
Authors: Gautam T. , Freire P. C. C. , Batrakov A. , Kramer M. , Miao C. C. , Parent E. , Zhu W. W.
Published: October 2022

We report the results of timing observations of PSR J1952+2630, a 20.7 ms pulsar in orbit with a massive white dwarf companion. We performed six months of timing observations with the Arecibo radio telescope in 2020 and used data from FAST from 2021. Together with previously published data, this represents a total timing baseline of 11 yr since the discovery of the pulsar in 2010. For the first time, we present a polarimetric profile of the pulsar and determine its rotation measure (RM), − 145.79 ± 0.15 rad m−2. With the increased timing baseline, we obtain improved estimates for astrometric, spin, and binary parameters for this system. In particular, we obtain an imporvement of an order of magnitude on the proper motion, and, for the first time, we detect three post-Keplerian parameters in this system: the advance of periastron ω̇, the orbital decay Ṗb, and the Shapiro delay (measured in the form of the h3 parameter). With the detection of these relativistic effects, we constrain the pulsar mass to 1.20−0.29+0.28 M⊙ and the mass of its companion to 0.97−0.13+0.16 M⊙. The current value of Ṗb is consistent with the General Relativity expectation for the masses obtained using ω̇ and h3. The excess (4.2−73.1+70.2 fs s−1) represents a limit on the emission of dipolar gravitational waves (GWs) from this system. This results in a limit on the difference in effective scalar couplings for the pulsar and companion (predicted by scalar-tensor theories of gravity; STTs) of |αp − αc|< 4.8 × 10−3 (68% C.L.), which does not yield a competitive test for STTs. However, our simulations of future timing campaigns of this system, based on the timing precision we have achieved with FAST, show that by 2032, the precision of Ṗb and ω̇ will allow for much more precise masses and much tighter constraints on the orbital decay contribution from dipolar GWs, resulting in |αp − αc|< 1.3 × 10−3 (68% C.L.). For comparison, we obtain |αp − αc|< 1.9 × 10−3 and < 3.3 × 10−3 from PSR J1738+0333 and PSR J2222−0137, respectively. We also present the constraints this system will place on the {α0, β0} parameters of Damour-Esposito-Farèse (DEF) gravity by 2032. They are comparable to those of PSR J1738+0333. Unlike PSR J1738+0333, PSR J1952+2630 will not be limited in its mass measurement and has the potential to place even more restrictive limits on DEF gravity in the future. Further improvements to this test will likely be limited by uncertainties in the kinematic contributions to Ṗb because of the lack of precise distance measurements.
Bewertung des Rotweinkonsums im Rahmen der mediterranen
Ernährung – Eine systematische Literaturanalyse
Authors: Seethaler Benjamin , Fuchs Mirjam , Schumacher Julia , Basrai Maryam , Kiechle Marion , Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Die mediterrane Ernährung (MedE) zeigte in mehreren
Studien einen präventiven Effekt hinsichtlich Typ 2 Diabetes,
kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen. Zur MedE wird in
der Regel ein mäßiger Konsum von Wein, speziell Rotwein,
empfohlen, dem selbst ein kardioprotektiver Effekt zugesprochen wird. Jedoch
zeigen zahlreiche Studien, dass schon kleine Mengen Alkohol das Krebsrisiko
erhöhen können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine
Übersicht zur aktuellen Datenlage zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem
Alkoholkonsum im Rahmen einer MedE, dem Krebsrisiko sowie dem Risiko für
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen erstellt werden.

Methoden Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in den
Datenbanken PubMed und Scopus wurde nach den Schlagwörtern
„diet, mediterranean“ und „alcohol drinking“
gesucht. Voraussetzung war, dass Angaben zur Art und Menge des konsumierten
Alkohols im Rahmen der MedE vorlagen.

Ergebnisse Die Umsetzung der MedE kann sowohl das Risiko
kardiometabolischer Erkrankungen als auch das Krebsrisiko u. a.
für Brustkrebs senken. Moderater Alkoholkonsum zeigt protektive Effekte
auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System, ist jedoch mit einem erhöhten Risiko
für diverse Krebserkrankungen assoziiert. Mehrere Studien beschreiben
eine Assoziation zwischen Alkoholkonsum und Brustkrebsinzidenz, wobei die
Ergebnisse zwischen den Studien nicht einheitlich waren. Dabei kommt dem
täglichen Glas Rotwein mit ca. 10–15 g Ethanol als
vorherrschendem alkoholischen Getränk der Mittelmeerregion eine
risikosenkende Wirkung zu.

Schlussfolgerung Moderater Konsum von Rotwein hat nach der vorliegenden
systematischen Literaturanalyse, anders als andere alkoholische
Getränke, einen protektiven Effekt auf kardiometabolische Erkrankungen
und möglicherweise auch auf genetisch bedingten Brustkrebs,
während der Konsum von anderen Alkoholgetränken die
schützende Wirkung einer MedE möglicherweise reduziert.
Ein ultrakurzer Test zur Erfassung von Sensation Seeking:
Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version der Brief Sensation Seeking
Scale
(BSSS-4)
Authors: Müller Sascha , Spitzer Carsten , Wichardt Philipp , Kemper Fynn
Published: October 2022

Das Persönlichkeitsmerkmal des Sensation Seeking (SS) spielt eine
prominente Rolle bei gesundheitsbezogenem Risikoverhalten und steht im
Zusammenhang mit Psychopathologie, Emotionsregulation und Delinquenz. Trotz
dieser hohen Relevanz existieren kaum ultrakurze, d. h.
anwendungsökonomische Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zur orientierenden
Erfassung von SS. Eine Ausnahme stellt die aus vier Items bestehende Brief
Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-4) dar, die international zunehmend
Verbreitung findet. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der BSSS-4
erstmals an einer studentischen Stichprobe (N=419) psychometrisch
evaluiert. Ein eindimensionales konfirmatorisches Messmodell wies eine
adäquate Anpassungsgüte auf und die interne Konsistenz lag im
zufriedenstellenden Bereich (ω=0,73). Als erste Hinweise auf
eine adäquate Konstruktvalidität fanden sich hypothesenkonform
Assoziationen der BSSS-4 mit dem männlichen Geschlecht,
selbsteingeschätzter Risikobereitschaft und Risikoverhalten
(operationalisiert über ein lotteriebasiertes Verhaltensparadigma),
jedoch erwartungsgemäß nicht mit aktueller
Depressivität. Die Prüfung der Messinvarianz für
Männer und Frauen mittels Multigruppen-CFA legte nahe, dass für
die BSSS-4 von partiell skalarer Messinvarianz ausgegangen werden kann, sofern
auf Gleichheitsrestriktionen für Ladungen und Intercepts von Item 1
verzichtet wird. Angesichts ihrer zunehmenden internationalen Verbreitung kann
die deutsche Fassung der BSSS-4 insgesamt empfohlen werden: Für ein
ultrakurzes Instrument ist sie ausreichend intern konsistent und vermutlich
geeignet für Geschlechtsvergleiche. Diesbezüglich ergaben sich
jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass für die Facette Experience Seeking
geschlechtsabhängige Unterschiede in den Messeigenschaften bestehen
könnten. Angesichts bisher ungenügend rigoroser
teststatistischer Überprüfungen von Instrumenten zur Erfassung
von SS sind entsprechende Ergebnisse von Vergleichen zwischen Frauen und
Männern dahingehend möglicherweise mit Vorsicht zu
genießen.
Impact of changing diagnostic criteria on the diagnosis of serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: McWhinney Connor D. , Lahr Rachel E. , Lee Christopher J. , El-Rahyel Ahmed , Rex Douglas K.
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims The World Health Organization criteria for serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) were established in 2010 and modified in 2019. Neither set of criteria have been validated against genetic markers or proven to be the optimal criteria for defining colorectal cancer risk in patients with serrated colorectal lesions. In this study, we sought to gain insight into how frequently the change in SPS criteria in 2019 impacted the diagnosis of SPS.

Patients and methods We reviewed 279 patients with SPS diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 using the 2010 criteria (n = 163) or since 2019 using the 2019 criteria (n = 116). We reviewed whether patients in each group met the diagnosis of SPS by the alternative criteria.

Results Of those diagnosed using 2010 criteria, 5.5 % did not meet 2019 criteria. Of those diagnosed by 2019 criteria, 10.3 % did not meet 2010 criteria.

Conclusions Most patients with SPS in our database met the diagnosis of SPS by both 2010 and 2019 criteria, with only 5 % to 10 % of patients in each cohort not meeting the alternative diagnostic criteria.
Video Head Impulse Test in Persons with Blindness: Feasibility and Outcomes
Authors: Jha Raghav Hira , Singh Niraj Kumar , Kumar Prawin
Published: October 2022

Abstract Background To achieve balance, persons with blindness (PWB) use proprioceptive and vestibular cues rather than the visual system; however, PWB are equally susceptible to acquire vestibular disorders. Reliable assessments of the vestibular system in PWB
are essential to determine the presence or absence of vestibular disorders. Purpose The saccular and the utricular functioning can be assessed using cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential, respectively. Evaluation of the
functional integrity of the semicircular canals requires an assessment of the vestibular ocular reflex; however, this can be challenging in PWB. Video head impulse test (vHIT) assesses the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) elicited against the natural high-frequency head movement in the planes
of all six semicircular canals. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and outcomes of administering vHIT in PWB. Research Design Standard (static) groups comparison. Study Sample Nineteen young PWB and 23 age-matched adults with “normal” vision
(control group) were included in the study. Data Collection and Analyses PWB underwent vHIT once, while the control group was tested in three conditions; condition 1 was used to simulate blindness for the control group, where vHIT was done in a pitch-dark room without prior
instructions; condition 2 included vHIT testing in daylight, without a fixed visual target and any instructions; and condition 3 involved vHIT in daylight in the presence of a set visual target and with standard instructions to maintain visual focus on the visual target. Results The
VOR gain was abnormal in the PWB group for all the canals. Among the PWB, the lateral canals (mean = 0.63) had the best VOR gain, followed by the anterior canals (mean = 0.53) and the posterior canals (mean = 0.31). In the control group, the VOR gain
was significantly reduced in condition 1. There was no significant difference between the VOR gain in the PWB group and the control group in condition 1 for the lateral and the anterior canals. A higher proportion of participants in the PWB group had the presence of refixation saccades.
Conclusion VOR is significantly reduced in PWB but not completely absent. There may be a need to develop normative data for blind individuals to decide whether or not a person with blindness has a vestibular dysfunction, specifically a VOR deficit.
Effectiveness of Management of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion during Primary, Mixed, and Permanent Dentition Period – A Literature Review
Authors: Usman Amina , Hegde Amitha M. , Shetty Rajmohan , R. Manju
Published: October 2022

Skeletal class III malocclusion is one of the most challenging conditions in clinical dental practice. Various treatment options are available for the management of the condition such as reverse twin block appliance, facemask appliance, chin cup therapy, bone anchorage maxillary protraction device, and tandem traction bow appliance. However, treatment timing is controversial. There are various advantages and disadvantages following the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion during primary, mixed and permanent dentition period. Hence, this review aims to compile the available literature regarding the effectiveness of correction of skeletal class III malocclusion during primary, mixed, and permanent dentition.
Breastfeeding—An Essential Newborn Nutrient
Authors: Nayak Sabitha , Fernandes Philomena
Published: October 2022

Breastfeeding is an art/skill. Globally, it is gaining a steady prominence as World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have specified exclusive breastfeeding for the initial half year. They have likewise offered significance to initiation of breastfeeding within half an hour to 1 hour after birth that has a critical effect on the developing infant as the colostrum in the breast milk supports immunity in the developing baby and newborn child, following birth helps in invigorating the posterior pituitary, release of Oxytocin and thus helps in uterine contraction and forestalls postpartum hemorrhage in postnatal mothers.

Analysis of data from 123 countries shows that babies are breastfed at some point in their lives. However, the rate shifts between low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It is evaluated that in low- and middle-income countries, approximately 4% of children are never breastfed, while in high-income countries it is 21%. As indicated by the WHO, in excess of 20 million infants are born weighing under 2.5 kg and unfortunately developing nations are facing the brunt of this.

One of the WHO Global Targets 2025 is to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months up to at least 50% to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Unfortunately, only 38% of infants aged 0 to 6 months are exclusively breastfed globally.

Numerous factors contribute to produce a positive situation for breastfeeding. Within the health care organizations, mothers need information and support to breastfeed immediately after birth and beyond. Indeed, studies have discovered that implementation of breastfeeding interventions within the health care organizations and community can possibly expand the rates by 2.5 times.

In India, government has implemented 6 months maternity leave that benefit many working mothers to exclusive breast feed their newborns.

Breastfed children perform better intelligence tests, and are less likely to be overweight and diabetic in later life. If the breastfeeding rate improves in compared to the current rates, then additional 20,000 deaths can be prevented due to breast and ovarian cancer. Studies have found that exclusive breastfeeding can have influence on development of milestones. An ability that a child must achieve by a certain age is developmental milestone. The milestones can be physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills like walking, sharing, expressing emotions, identifying familiar sounds, and talking.·
Screen Time and Its Association with Body Adiposity and Hypertension among the School-Going Adolescents of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Singh Aheibam Robertson , Devi Leiphrakpam Roma , Devi Chingangbam Basanti , Chanu Salam Leishembi , Singh Laitonjam Greatson , Meitei Sanjenbam Yaiphaba
Published: October 2022

Objectives The objective of the study was to examine the association of screen time with body adiposity and hypertension among the school-going adolescents of Manipur.

Methods Data were collected from 728 school-going adolescents of both sexes aged between 15 and 19 years. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and self-response to screen time were collected. Chi-squared test and odds ratio were done to check the association between screen time and overweight/obesity and hypertension.

Results About 78.8% of males spent less than or equal to 6 hours at the screen, while 21.3% spent more than 6 hours at the screen. Eighty-six percent of females spent less than or equal to 6 hours at the screen, and 14% spent more than 6 hours at the screen. Chi-squared analysis shows a significant association between abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WC) and screen time in males (p < 0.05), while no association is observed in females. However, screen time shows no correlation with body mass index, weight-to-height ratio, and hypertension.

Conclusion This study highlights a high percentage of adolescents engaged in longer screen time, more than 6 hours. Furthermore, the study put forth the association of abdominal obesity as measured by WC with the screen time among the adolescents of Manipur. Longer screen time may deteriorate adolescents' health status as it reduces physical activity time.
Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis Presenting with Vasogenic Edema and a Perilesional Cyst
Authors: Gamblin Austin , Gropp Jarom , Fredrickson Vance L. , Baradaran Hediyeh , Couldwell William T.
Published: October 2022

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNONs) are uncommon benign lesions that are rarely diagnosed radiographically. We report an unusual case of a left middle cerebellar peduncle CAPNON with vasogenic edema and a perilesional cyst. The patient was a 36-year-old woman with a 20-year history of left-sided hearing loss that had recently progressed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogenous calcified lesion with vasogenic edema and a perilesional cyst in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. Although it is a rare radiographic feature of CAPNON, vasogenic edema should be included as a possible feature of this uncommon tumefactive lesion.
Sex-Related Differences in Platelet Aggregation: A Literature Review Supplemented with Local Data from a Group of Generally Healthy Individuals
Authors: Carazo Alejandro , Hrubša Marcel , Konečný Lukáš , Skořepa Pavel , Paclíková Markéta , Musil František , Karlíčková Jana , Javorská Lenka , Matoušová Kateřina , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Parvin Mst Shamima , Šmahelová Alena , Blaha Vladimír , Mladěnka Přemysl
Published: October 2022

The process of platelet aggregation is often influenced by several factors including sex and age. A literature review confirmed the existence of sex-related differences in platelet aggregation. Although 68 out of 78 papers found such differences, there are still some controversies regarding these differences, which can be due to multiple factors (age, trigger, concomitant disease, sample handling, etc.). These outcomes are discussed in line with novel results obtained from a local study, in which blood samples from a total of 53 overall healthy women and men with ages ranging from 20 to 66 years were collected. Aggregation was induced with seven different triggers (ristocetin, thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 [TRAP-6], arachidonic acid [AA], platelet-activating factor 16 [PAF-16], ADP, collagen, or thromboxane A2 analog U-46619) ex vivo. In addition, three FDA-approved antiplatelet drugs (vorapaxar, ticagrelor, or acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) were also tested. In general, women had higher aggregation responses to some agonists (ADP, TRAP), as well as lower benefit from inhibitors (ASA, vorapaxar). The aggregatory responses to AA and TRAP decreased with age in both sexes, while responses to ADP, U-46619, and PAF were affected by age only in women. In conclusion, more studies are needed to decipher the biological importance of sex-related differences in platelet aggregation in part to enable personalized antiplatelet treatment.
Klimaschutz im Klinikmanagement: „Wir verpassen immer mehr den Anschluss“
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: October 2022

Nachhaltigkeit im Gesundheitswesen erfährt immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Warum es so wichtig ist, dass Klinikleitungen sich des Themas annehmen, wieso Deutschland sich dabei so schwertut und welche Chancen Nachhaltigkeit bieten kann, erläutert die Medizinische Klinikdirektorin und Buchautorin Prof. Edda Weimann im kma-Interview.
Female entrepreneurship in Brazil: how scientific literature shapes the sociocultural construction of gender inequalities
Authors: de Morais Santos Noemia , Cottone Paolo Francesco , Antloga Carla , Hochdorn Alexander , Carvalho Ariana Morais , Barbosa Mariana Andrade
Published: October 2022

The study describes that gender conceptions, understanding what is considered masculine or feminine, have impacted the women’s activity named entrepreneurship. Attention is drawn to the fact that in Latin languages, such as the Portuguese language, there is a predominance of grammatical sexism, using male predicates to indicate male gender as well as human gender. In that scenario, this paper presents a literature review focused on female entrepreneurship in Brazil by gathering 88 articles in English and Portuguese from the following bibliographic sources: ProQuest, Web of Science, and Lilacs. The data were categorised and analysed using R, a software environment for statistical computing. In that regard, a text-mining analysis has been carried out by adopting the statistical package Iramuteq for performing assisted lexicometrical analysis. The overall frequency of linguistic utterances (explorative statistics), a simplified factor analysis about absolute frequency (word cloud), and a hierarchical descendant classification of stable lexical classes are used. Results indicate that even when the topic is women’s entrepreneurship, female terms are not mentioned or considered when discussing entrepreneurship and its professional aspects. It seems that it is necessary to listen to the voice of women if the literature intends to produce knowledge about entrepreneurship in Brazil in the way it promotes impact and social relevance.
Risk evaluation of energy investment projects along the Belt and Road based on cloud model and evidence theory
Authors: Ge Jiaojiao , Wan Anxia , Peng Benhong , Wei Guo
Published: October 2022

China's major energy projects along the Belt and Road are characterized by large-scale capital investment, long construction cycles, and complex investment environments, making it more difficult to assess project investment risks. Based on the PESTEL theory, a risk evaluation index system is constructed for energy enterprises' investment projects along the Belt and Road. In view of the uncertainty of energy investment projects, a risk evaluation method combining a cloud model and an evidence theory is proposed. To examine the developed index system and risk evaluation method, an overseas hydropower investment project is chosen and the risk factors are analyzed. The results suggest that the risk level of the enterprise's project is highest, the political and environmental risks are both high, the economic and project risks are both at average level, and the energy risk is relatively low, which verifies the effectiveness of this information fusion method. The method can be used to solve the problem of linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty in multi-attribute decision problems and is applicable to similar investment projects, thus providing a new technical path to assess the investment risks of energy enterprises along the Belt and Road.
Stress measurement system for underwater electro-explosive platforms
Authors: Lu Yong , Zhang Yongmin , Zhang Shaojie , Liu Simin , Shi Huantong , Liu Qiaojue , Qiu Aici
Published: October 2022

As a new method for generating strong underwater shock waves with rapid repetition frequency, the use of underwater electrical-wire explosion (UEWE) to drive insensitive energetic materials has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. Accordingly, equipment based on this new method have been developed. The ability to measure the stress produced by an UEWE on a device plays a very important role in optimizing the device performance. However, in conventional stress measurements, the spatial electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by the discharge can affect the measurement accuracy or even damage the experimental instruments. In this study, a novel system for measuring stress in a strong electromagnetic field, based on a piezoelectric film and a conditioning circuit, was debugged and evaluated. Shielding was used to eliminate the intense EMI due to the strong electromagnetic field. Our simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the stress generated can be quickly determined by measuring the output voltage of the conditioning circuit. The new system can be used to measure the stress at the fluid–solid interface under a strong electromagnetic field environment.
Evaluation of optical transmission across the ITER hard x-ray monitor system designed for the first plasma scenarios
Authors: Nowak vel Nowakowski P. , Makowski D. , Jabłoński B. , Szajerski P. , Pandya Santosh P. , O’Connor R. , Tieulent R. , Barnsley R.
Published: October 2022

Hard x-ray (HXR) spectroscopy is applied for diagnostics of runaway electrons in nuclear fusion reactors. The scintillation counter is one of the most commonly used types of detectors for HXR spectroscopy. It consists of a detector that emits light when excited by HXR radiation (scintillator) directly coupled to a PMT (Photomultiplier Tube) that converts light pulses into an electrical signal. This type of detector is commonly used in existing tokamaks, such as Joint European Torus (JET), Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), Compact Assembly (COMPASS), and Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX-U). In all these cases, the scintillator is directly coupled to the PMT to provide the best possible light transmission efficiency. The Hard X-ray Monitor (HXRM) is one among the first plasma diagnostic systems at ITER that provides information about the energy distribution of runaway electrons inside a tokamak by HXR spectroscopy. This system also uses a scintillator and a PMT as a detector. Due to the heavy shielding of the blanket modules, vacuum vessel, and port-plugs, it is not possible to assemble the scintillator outside the tokamak vacuum vessel. The PMT detector cannot be installed in the close vicinity of the tokamak due to either the significant magnetic field or temperature. A possible solution is to decouple the scintillator from the PMT and place the PMT inside the port-cell. Light pulses will be transmitted to the PMT via a 12 m long optical fiber bundle. Evaluation of the optical transmission was carried out to assess the performance of the HXR monitor and verify possible problems related to the PMT pulse discrimination under low light conditions.
Development of Rogowski probe for internal plasma current measurement in the collisional merging process of field-reversed configurations
Authors: Ogasawara Juri , Asai Tomohiko , Kobayashi Daichi , Seki Taichi , Takahashi Tsutomu , Roche Thomas , Dettrick Sean , Gota Hiroshi
Published: October 2022

To directly detect the spatial distribution of a plasma current during the collisional merging of two field-reversed configurations (FRCs) in the FAT-CM (FRC Amplification via Translation–Collisional Merging) device, an internal current probe using Rogowski coils has been developed. An FRC is a type of magnetically confined plasma maintained by a diamagnetic plasma current flowing in the toroidal direction. Self-organized FRC formation and increased poloidal flux have been observed following the destructive perturbation during the collision in collisional merging FRC formation when two initial-plasmoids collide at a relative speed of 300–400 km/s to form one FRC. It is indicated that the toroidal plasma current is driven in those processes. In this research, an internal Rogowski probe was designed and developed to have a high-frequency response to capture a rapid change of the plasma current in a few microseconds during the collision/merging process. The FRC plasma in FAT-CM has relatively high temperature (∼100 to 200 eV) and high density (∼1020 to 1021 m−3). As a result, the probe was built to be as compact as possible to minimize disruption to the plasma. Because of its high melting point and low Z property, a machinable boron nitride ceramic was chosen to shield the Rogowski coils thermally and electrically from the plasma. All connections and seams were constructed such that the epoxy glue used for the probe assembly was not exposed to the plasma.
An adaptive wind power forecasting method based on wind speed-power trend enhancement and ensemble learning strategy
Authors: Wang Ying , Xue Wenping , Wei Borui , Li Kangji
Published: October 2022

Accurate wind power forecasting (WPF) is essential for power system planning, operation, and management. However, the high uncertainty and stochastic behavior of natural wind brings great challenges to high performance WPF. In this context, an adaptive WPF model based on wind speed-power trend enhancement and an ensemble learning strategy is proposed in this study. For wind speed-power trend enhancement, abnormal data are detected and removed by the combined local outlier factor algorithm and quartile method. The artificial power data are interpolated using a neural network based on the normal wind speed-power distribution. In the ensemble learning strategy, a total of eight individual learners are involved as the candidate base learners. The principle of selecting base learners with low correlation and high accuracy is provided to achieve high performance forecasting, and thus, four base learners with different internal mechanisms are finally selected. The partial least squares regression is utilized for outputs weighting, and the K-fold cross-validation is adopted for dataset division. Collected data from a real wind turbine system are used for performance investigation. Forecasting tests with three time horizons (10, 30, and 60 min) and three seasons (Spring, Summer, and Autumn) are carried out. The results reveal that the proposed model is more accurate and adaptive compared with individual learners and other ensemble models.
Neutron scattering studies on ionic diffusion behaviors of superionic α-Cu2−δ Se
Authors: Li Lisi , Liu Huili , Avdeev Maxim , Yu Dehong , Danilkin Sergey , Wang Meng
Published: October 2022

We present studies on crystal structure and ionic diffusion behaviors of superionic Cu2−δ Se (δ = 0, 0.04, and 0.2) by utilizing neutron powder diffraction and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. In the superionic phase, the structural model with Cu ions occupying the Wyckoff sites of 8c and 32f provides the best description of the structure. As the content of Cu increasing in Cu2−δ Se, the Cu occupancy increases on the 32f site but decreases on the 8c site. Fitting to the quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectra reveals two diffusion modes: the localized diffusion between the 8c and 32f sites and the long-range diffusion between the adjacent 8c sites using the 32f site as a bypass. Between 430 and 650 K, we measured that the compound with more Cu content exhibits a larger long-range diffusion coefficient. Temperature in this range does not affect the long-range diffusion process obviously. Our results suggest the two diffusion modes cooperative and, thus, provide a microscopic understanding of the ionic diffusion of the Cu ions in superionic Cu2−δ Se.
Modeling of Olsen cycle for pyroelectric energy harvesting and assessment of abnormal electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric single crystals
Authors: Taxil G. , Lallart M. , Ducharne B. , Nguyen T. T. , Kuwano H. , Ono T. , Sebald G.
Published: October 2022

The energy conversion potential of ferroelectric materials originating from their phase transitions, in particular temperature ranges and electric field values, is very promising. Pyroelectric energy harvesting consists of directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy. Due to its high energy conversion potential, the Olsen cycle is the most favorable for pyroelectric energy harvesting. This cycle includes two isothermal and two constant electric field branches. In this study, the Olsen cycle was modeled, then varying temperatures and applied electric field directions for different crystal orientations were simulated. Polarization responses were obtained via the Landau–Devonshire theory. Then, an innovative way to model the electrocaloric effect was proposed; experimental results and first-principle calculations confirmed the simulation results. The resulting negative electrocaloric effect due to crystal orientation, previously reported in the literature, has been successfully simulated through a phenomenological approach. Finally, we identified which phase transitions are interesting for pyroelectric energy harvesting applications depending on crystal orientations while obtaining an energy density in the order of ≈102mJ/cm3. This value corresponds to previous results in the literature.
Polarizing insensitive nuclei at ultralow magnetic fields using parahydrogen: A facile route to optimize adiabatic magnetic field sweeps
Authors: Kozienko Vitaly P. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V.
Published: October 2022

Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) provides a powerful tool to enhance inherently weak nuclear magnetic resonance signals, particularly in biologically relevant compounds. The initial source of PHIP is the non-equilibrium spin order of parahydrogen, i.e., dihydrogen, where the two protons make up a singlet spin state. Conversion of this spin order into net magnetization of magnetic heteronuclei, e.g., 13C, provides one of the most efficient ways to exploit PHIP. We propose a facile route to increase the performance of PHIP transfer in experiments with adiabatic sweeps of the ultralow magnetic field. To date, this technique yields the highest efficiency of PHIP transfer, yet, it has been mostly utilized with linear field sweeps, which does not consider the underlying spin dynamics, resulting in sub-optimal polarization. This issue was previously addressed by using the “constant” adiabaticity method, which, however, requires extensive calculations for large spin systems. In this work, the field sweep is optimized by utilizing the field dependence of the average 13C polarization. Both the experimental detection and the numerical simulation of this dependence are straightforward, even for complex multi-spin systems. This work provides a comprehensive survey of PHIP transfer dynamics at ultralow fields for two molecular systems that are relevant for PHIP, namely, maleic acid and allyl pyruvate. The proposed optimization allowed us to increase the resulting 13C polarization in 13C-allyl pyruvate from 6.8% with a linear profile to 8.7% with an “optimal” profile. Such facile optimization routines are valuable for adiabatic experiments in complex spin systems undergoing rapid relaxation or chemical exchange.
Oblique incidence ultrasonic reflectometry device based on c-axis tilted ScAlN films for evaluating viscoelastic properties of liquids above 100 MHz
Authors: Kinoshita Sarina , Yanagitani Takahiko
Published: October 2022

The ultrasonic complex reflectometry is a powerful tool for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of small liquid samples. However, the shear mode reflectometry device has not been used at frequencies above 100 MHz because shear-mode piezoelectric films are difficult to obtain at such frequencies. Here, the oblique incidence reflectometry with 143 MHz quasi-shear waves excited by c-axis tilted ScAlN thin films was proposed to realize high-sensitivity evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of liquids. Using the prism type reflectometry MEMS, the shear elasticity and shear viscosity of glycerin solutions were estimated from their complex reflection coefficients.
Modeling of excited state potential energy surfaces with the Bethe–Salpeter equation formalism: The 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile twist
Authors: Knysh Iryna , Duchemin Ivan , Blase Xavier , Jacquemin Denis
Published: October 2022

We present a benchmark study of excited state potential energy surfaces (PES) using the many-body Green’s function GW and Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) formalisms, coupled cluster methods, as well as Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). More specifically, we investigate the evolution of the two lowest excited states of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) upon the twisting of the amino group, a paradigmatic system for dual fluorescence and excited-state benchmarks. Our results demonstrate that the BSE/GW approach is able to reproduce the correct topology of excited state PES upon geometry changes in both gas and condensed phases. The vertical transition energies predicted by BSE/GW are indeed in good agreement with coupled cluster values, including triples. The BSE approach ability to include both linear response and state-specific solvent corrections further enables it to accurately describe the solvatochromism of both excited states during the twisting of DMABN. This contribution stands as one of the first proof-of-concept that BSE/GW PES should be accurate in cases for which TD-DFT struggles, including the central case of systems embedded in a dielectric environment.
Morpho-colorimetric seed traits for the discrimination, classification and prediction of yield in wheat genotypes under rainfed and well-watered conditions
Authors: Rabieyan Ehsan , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam Mohsen , Mohammadi Valiollah , Alipour Hadi
Published: October 2022

Context Morphometric digital analysis of plant seeds enables taxonomic discrimination of species based on morpho-colorimetric traits, and may be used to classify genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aims This study was focused on the isolation and classification of cultivars and landraces of Iranian wheat based on morpho-colorimetric traits, and the prediction of yield and seedling vigour based on these traits. Methods In total, 133 wheat genotypes (91 native landraces and 42 cultivars) were evaluated by alpha lattice design in two crop years (2018–19 and 2019–20) under rainfed and conditions. After seed harvesting, 40 morpho-colorimetric traits of wheat seeds were measured by imaging. Seed colour, morphometric seed, seed vigour and yield were also assessed. Key results Using linear discriminant analysis based on morpho-colorimetric traits, wheat cultivars and landraces were separated with high validation percentage (90% in well-watered and 98.6% in rainfed conditions). Morpho-colorimetric traits L, Whiteness index, Chroma, a, Feret and Rectang were found to be the most discriminant variables in the rainfed field. In analysis based on seed colour according to descriptors of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants and International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, wheat genotypes were classified into four groups with high accuracy by using linear discriminant analysis. Specifically, 97.3% could be identified as yellow and 99.7% as medium-red wheat groups. Conclusions Our observations suggest that seed digital analysis is an affordable and valuable approach for evaluating phenotypic variety among a large number of wheat genotypes. Morphometric analysis of cultivars and native populations can provide an effective step in classifying genotypes and predicting yield and seedling vigour. Implications Morphometric databases will help plant breeders when selecting genotypes in breeding programs.
Nitric oxide overcomes copper and copper oxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity in
Authors: Singh Swati , Kandhol Nidhi , Pandey Sangeeta , Singh Vijay Pratap , Tripathi Durgesh Kumar , Chauhan Devendra Kumar
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (CuONPs) and ameliorative potential of nitric oxide (NO) against these toxic materials in Sorghum vulgare Pers. seedlings. Data suggested that exposure of Cu and CuONPs significantly reduced growth, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein in root and shoot, which coincided with increased Cu accumulation. However, addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) lowered Cu and CuONPs mediated toxicity through restricting Cu accumulation and improving photosynthetic pigments and total soluble protein contents. Data further suggested that exposure of Cu and CuONPs significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Enhanced level of oxidative stress severely inhibited the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) but enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. However, addition of SNP positively regulated antioxidants enzymes activity, particularly the enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to overcome Cu- and CuONPs-induced stress in Sorghum seedlings. Further, Cu and CuONPs enhanced accumulation of free proline through inducing Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity while lowering the proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. However, addition of SNP reversed these responses. Therefore, overall results revealed that SNP has enough potential of reducing the toxicity of Cu and CuONPs in Sorghum seedlings through regulation of proline metabolism and activity of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. These findings can be employed in developing new resistant varieties of Sorghum having enhanced tolerance against Cu or CuONP stress and improved productivity.
Wildfire incidence in western Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Gosden Ben , Lovell Harold , Hardiman Mark
Published: October 2022

Background Recent widely reported large tundra fires in western Greenland have focused attention on the fire regime in a region that is currently under-represented in global fire research. Aims We present an analysis of fire incidence from 1995 to 2020. Methods A combination of satellite remote sensing and a review of reports in the online version of the national newspaper, Sermitsiaq.AG, were used to identify wildfires. Key results Our analysis did not detect fires from 1995 to 2007. From 2008, 21 separate fire events were identified in selected study areas covering ~47% of ice-free western Greenland. All but four of the 21 fires ignited in July or August during periods of warm and dry weather. Conclusions We find no evidence of fires in our study areas until 2008, after which fires occur in most years. Implications Projected warming and reduced summer precipitation in this region in upcoming decades suggest the landscape will become increasingly prone to tundra fires.
Chromosome remodelling by SMC/Condensin in
B. subtilis
is regulated by monomeric Soj/ParA during growth and sporulation
Authors: Roberts David M. , Anchimiuk Anna , Kloosterman Tomas G. , Murray Heath , Wu Ling Juan , Gruber Stephan , Errington Jeff
Published: October 2022

SMC complexes, loaded at ParB-
parS
sites, are key mediators of chromosome organization in bacteria. ParA/Soj proteins interact with ParB/Spo0J in a pathway involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent dimerization and DNA binding, facilitating chromosome segregation in bacteria. In
Bacillus subtilis
, ParA/Soj also regulates DNA replication initiation and along with ParB/Spo0J is involved in cell cycle changes during endospore formation. The first morphological stage in sporulation is the formation of an elongated chromosome structure called an axial filament. Here, we show that a major redistribution of SMC complexes drives axial filament formation in a process regulated by ParA/Soj. Furthermore, and unexpectedly, this regulation is dependent on monomeric forms of ParA/Soj that cannot bind DNA or hydrolyze ATP. These results reveal additional roles for ParA/Soj proteins in the regulation of SMC dynamics in bacteria and yet further complexity in the web of interactions involving chromosome replication, segregation and organization, controlled by ParAB and SMC.
Double-interpenetrating nanostructured networks of marine polysaccharides possessing properties comparable to synthetic polymers
Authors: Ghrissi Faycel , Gu Yawei , Shastri V. Prasad
Published: October 2022

Sustainable circular economy requires materials that possess a property profile comparable to synthetic polymers and, additionally, processing and sourcing of raw materials that have a small environmental footprint. Here, we present a paradigm for processing marine biopolymers into materials that possess both elastic and plastic behavior within a single system involving a double-interpenetrating polymer network comprising the elastic phase of dynamic physical cross-links and stress-dissipating ionically cross-linked domains. As a proof of principle, films possessing more than twofold higher elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and yield stress than those of polylactic acid were realized by blending two water-soluble marine polysaccharides, namely alginic acid (Alg) with physically cross-linkable carboxylated agarose (CA) followed by ionic cross-linking with a divalent cation. Dried CAAlg films showed homogeneous nano-micro-scale domains, with yield stress and size of the domains scaling inversely with calcium concentration. Through surface activation/cross-linking using calcium, CAAlg films could be further processed using wet bonding to yield laminated structures with interfacial failure loads (13.2 ± 0.81 N) similar to the ultimate loads of unlaminated films (10.09 ± 1.47 N). Toward the engineering of wood–marine biopolymer composites, an array of lines of CAAlg were printed on wood veneers (panels), dried, and then bonded following activation with calcium to yield fully bonded wood two-ply laminate. The system presented herein provides a blueprint for the adoption of marine algae-derived polysaccharides in the development of sustainable high-performance materials.
Ensembles of realistic power distribution networks
Authors: Meyur Rounak , Vullikanti Anil , Swarup Samarth , Mortveit Henning S. , Centeno Virgilio , Phadke Arun , Poor H. Vincent , Marathe Madhav V.
Published: October 2022

The power grid is going through significant changes with the introduction of renewable energy sources and the incorporation of smart grid technologies. These rapid advancements necessitate new models and analyses to keep up with the various emergent phenomena they induce. A major prerequisite of such work is the acquisition of well-constructed and accurate network datasets for the power grid infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a robust, scalable framework to synthesize power distribution networks that resemble their physical counterparts for a given region. We use openly available information about interdependent road and building infrastructures to construct the networks. In contrast to prior work based on network statistics, we incorporate engineering and economic constraints to create the networks. Additionally, we provide a framework to create ensembles of power distribution networks to generate multiple possible instances of the network for a given region. The comprehensive dataset consists of nodes with attributes, such as geocoordinates; type of node (residence, transformer, or substation); and edges with attributes, such as geometry, type of line (feeder lines, primary or secondary), and line parameters. For validation, we provide detailed comparisons of the generated networks with actual distribution networks. The generated datasets represent realistic test systems (as compared with standard test cases published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) that can be used by network scientists to analyze complex events in power grids and to perform detailed sensitivity and statistical analyses over ensembles of networks.
Origin recognition complex harbors an intrinsic nucleosome remodeling activity
Authors: Li Sai , Wasserman Michael R. , Yurieva Olga , Bai Lu , O’Donnell Michael E. , Liu Shixin
Published: October 2022

Eukaryotic DNA replication is initiated at multiple chromosomal sites known as origins of replication that are specifically recognized by the origin recognition complex (ORC) containing multiple ATPase sites. In budding yeast, ORC binds to specific DNA sequences known as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) that are mostly nucleosome depleted. However, nucleosomes may still inhibit the licensing of some origins by occluding ORC binding and subsequent MCM helicase loading. Using purified proteins and single-molecule visualization, we find here that the ORC can eject histones from a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. The ORC selectively evicts H2A-H2B dimers but leaves the (H3-H4)
2
tetramer on DNA. It also discriminates canonical H2A from the H2A.Z variant, evicting the former while retaining the latter. Finally, the bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain of the Orc1 subunit is essential for ORC-mediated histone eviction. These findings suggest that the ORC is a bona fide nucleosome remodeler that functions to create a local chromatin environment optimal for origin activity.