bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Creative Power of Love on Shelley's Idealism
Authors: Salah Saman , Jusoh Yusoff Yus’Aiman
Published: September 2017

This study examines Shelley's idealism with respect to his concept of love and the role of nature played in his love poems. The study describes Shelley's believe in the force of love to transform the world into a better place where freedom and justice prevails. The ideal imaginary world of Shelley's mind shows how love dominates, while contempt achieves devastation. As a poet of the romantic era, he strongly believes in the power of nature, which ultimately reforms the world into a new order of peace, freedom and justice. His optimism, love and freedom longs to bring betterment in society for the perfectibility of human beings. His optimism depends upon the eradication of a wide range of oppression and persecution to lead to a compassionate universe. It can be seen that the world of Shelley's imagination is administered with equity and affection, therefore, kindness triumphs over malice when man's heart is ruled by the power of love.
Pakistani Newspapers on Peace Talks with Tahrik e Taliban Pakistan
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Sohaib , Khan Rooh ul Amin , Sultan Dr Khalid
Published: September 2017

Negotiations between two parties always have newsworthiness. Results of the negotiations can be strongly influenced by the media coverage. Pakistan's government was also involved in peace negotiation with Tahrik e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) during January and February 2014. It was the most discussing issue in Pakistani media at that time. The aim of this research is to analyze the editorial policy of three Pakistani English language newspapers; Dawn, Nation and The News to check their favorable or unfavorable behavior regarding peace talks during January and February 2014. Agenda setting, priming and farming theories were used in this study. Qualitative content analysis method was used in this study to analyze the editorial policy of these three newspapers. Findings revealed that all these three newspapers gave significant coverage to the peace talks issue but Nation gave more coverage to the issue. Findings also revealed that Dawn and The News, most of the time showed neutral behavior but tilted towards unfavorable position regarding peace talks. Nation showed strongly unfavorable behavior regarding peace talks. So it is concluded that all these three newspapers were mostly against the peace talks and government and media were not on the same page on the issue of peace talks.
Off-label use of medicines: The need for good practice guidelines
Authors: Dooms Marc , Killick James
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

‘Off-label use’ is the term used for the prescription and dispensing of a medicinal product for any indication, patient group, route of administration, dosage or treatment regimen other than that listed in the Summary of Product Characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:

In this article the authors present a brief overview of current practices of off-label use in Europe and the applicable European law and jurisprudence. They then go on to present a set of guidelines for best practice in off-label use which underlines the need for guidance on prescription to be firmly rooted in the need to ensure patient safety above all other concerns.

METHODS:

The article was written from desk research and expert engagement, including a presentation and Q&A in the European Parliament.

RESULTS:

This article intends to demonstrate that off-label use entails increased risks for patients, especially when it is not underpinned by rigorous clinical studies or the reporting routes for use are not well defined.

CONCLUSIONS:

Europe is seeing a growing trend the promotion of off-label prescription of medicinal products for reasons other than pure medical need, including motives such as cost-containment. This poses a numer of questions for the ethical and legal framework for medicine prescription and dispensing in Europe.
Collecting uncollectables: Joachim Du Bellay
Authors: Bjørnerud Mo Gro
Published: September 2017

Lists of wonders have circulated for millennia. Over and over, such inventories of spectacular man made constructions have been rewritten, re-edited and reimagi-ned. Both the wonders and the lists of wonders, preferably of the seven, have had a profound and long-lasting effect, and have been abundantly imitated, copied and reworked. Renaissance creative thinking was obsessed with the seven wonders of the ancient world, and early-modern Europe experienced a surge of visual and verbal depictions of wonders. This article is about a remarkable list of seven wonders, included in one of Joachim Du Bellay’s canonical poems on Roman antiquities (Antiquités de Rome), published in Paris in 1558. Du Bellay shapes his list of wonders by exploring pat-terns of both repetition and mutability. Almost imperceptibly, he starts suggesting connections between 16th-century Rome and distant civilizations. Through the eyes of a fictive traveller and collector, the poet venerates the greatness and la-ments the loss of ancient buildings, sites and works of art, slowly developing a ver-bal, visual and open-ended gallery, creating a collection of crumbling or vanished, mainly Roman, architecture. This poetic display of ruins and dust in the Eternal City is nourished by the attraction of the inevitable destruction of past splendour and beauty. In the sonnets, Du Bellay imitates classical models and patterns. Whi-le compiling powerful images and stories of destruction, he combines techniques associated with both a modern concept of copy and more ancient theories of co-pia. In this context, this article also explores whether Pliny’s Natural History might be a source for the imaginary collection of lost sites and wonders in Du Bellay’s Antiquités.
Inverse Optimal Design for Position Control of a Quadrotor
Authors: Lee Keun , Choi Yoon , Park Jin
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose an inverse optimal design method for the position control of a quadrotor. First, we derive the dynamics of a quadrotor using the Newton-Euler formulation. Second, we present the state transformation technique to derive the position dynamics from the kinematic and dynamic models of a quadrotor. Then, we present the nonlinear inverse optimal position control of a quadrotor. The stability analysis based on Lyapunov theorem shows that the proposed control method can realize a quadrotor system that is exponentially stabilized. In addition, we show the inverse optimality of the proposed inverse optimal controller for the position control of a quadrotor. The inverse optimality can simply and clearly be shown using the state transformation technique. Finally, we present some simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Habitat Potential Mapping of Marten (Martes flavigula) and Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in South Korea Using Artificial Neural Network Machine Learning
Authors: Lee Saro , Lee Sunmin , Song Wonkyong , Lee Moung-Jin
Published: September 2017

This study developed habitat potential maps for the marten (Martes flavigula) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in South Korea. Both species are registered on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which means that they need to be managed properly. Various factors influencing the habitat distributions of the marten and leopard were identified to create habitat potential maps, including elevation, slope, timber type and age, land cover, and distances from a forest stand, road, or drainage. A spatial database for each species was constructed by preprocessing Geographic Information System (GIS) data, and the spatial relationship between the distribution of leopard cats and environmental factors was analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This process used half of the existing habitat location data for the marten and leopard cat for training. Habitat potential maps were then created considering the relationships. Using the remaining half of the habitat location data for each species, the model was validated. The results of the model were relatively successful, predicting approximately 85% for the marten and approximately 87% for the leopard cat. Therefore, the habitat potential maps can be used for monitoring the habitats of both species and managing these habitats effectively.
Introduction to a New Journal: Applied System Innovation
Authors: Li Mo , Chang Shoou-Jinn , Meen Teen-Hang , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2017

In the modern technological society, engineers and designers must work together with a variety of other professions in their quest to find systematic solutions to complex problems.[...]
EML4-ALK Variants: Biological and Molecular Properties, and the Implications for Patients
Authors: Sabir Sarah , Yeoh Sharon , Jackson George , Bayliss Richard
Published: September 2017

Since the discovery of the fusion between EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), EML4-ALK, in lung adenocarcinomas in 2007, and the subsequent identification of at least 15 different variants in lung cancers, there has been a revolution in molecular-targeted therapy that has transformed the outlook for these patients. Our recent focus has been on understanding how and why the expression of particular variants can affect biological and molecular properties of cancer cells, as well as identifying the key signalling pathways triggered, as a result. In the clinical setting, this understanding led to the discovery that the type of variant influences the response of patients to ALK therapy. Here, we discuss what we know so far about the EML4-ALK variants in molecular signalling pathways and what questions remain to be answered. In the longer term, this analysis may uncover ways to specifically treat patients for a better outcome.
Examining the Relationship between Free Sugars and Calorie Contents in Canadian Prepacked Foods and Beverages
Authors: Bernstein Jodi , Lou Wendy , L’Abbe Mary
Published: September 2017

To align with broader public health initiatives, reformulation of products to be lower in sugars requires interventions that also aim to reduce calorie contents. Currently available foods and beverages with a range of nutrient levels can be used to project successful reformulation opportunities. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between free sugars and calorie levels in Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the University of Toronto’s 2013 Food Label Database, limited to major sources of total sugar intake in Canada (n = 6755). Penalized B-spline regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between free sugar levels (g/100 g or 100 mL) and caloric density (kcal/100 g or 10mL), by subcategory. Significant relationships were observed for only 3 of 5 beverage subcategories and for 14 of 32 food subcategories. Most subcategories demonstrated a positive trend with varying magnitude, however, results were not consistent across related subcategories (e.g., dairy-based products). Findings highlight potential areas of concern for reformulation, and the need for innovative solutions to ensure free sugars are reduced in products within the context of improving overall nutritional quality of the diet.
Collecting Sensed Data with Opportunistic Networks: The Case of Contact Information Overhead
Authors: Amah Tekenate , Kamat Maznah , Bakar Kamalrulnizam , Rahman Syed , Mohammed Muhammad , Abali Aliyu , Moreira Waldir , Oliveira Antonio
Published: September 2017

The rising human population in urban environments drives the mission towards smart cities, which envisions a wide deployment of sensors in order to improve the quality of living. In this regard, opportunistic networks (OppNets) present an economical means of collecting delay tolerant data from sensors to their respective gateways for providing various Smart City services. Due to the distributed nature of the network, encounter-based routing protocols achieve acceptable throughput by requiring nodes to exchange and update contact information on an encounter basis. Unfortunately, sufficient insight into the associated overhead is lacking in the literature. Hence, we contribute by modelling contact information overhead and investigating its impact on OppNet routing, particularly in terms of data exchange success and energy consumption on portable handheld devices. Our findings reveal that the expected contact information overhead in Smart City scenarios significantly reduces data exchange success and increases energy consumption on portable handheld devices, thereby threatening the feasibility of the technology. We address this issue by proposing an algorithm that can be incorporated into encounter-based routing protocols to reduce contact information overhead without compromising throughput. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm reduces the average contact information overhead, increases throughput and reduces average energy consumption.
Design, Characterization and Sensitivity Analysis of a Piezoelectric Ceramic/Metal Composite Transducer
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad , Köble Sören , Wong Tin , Woias Peter , Goldschmidtböing Frank
Published: September 2017

This article presents experimental characterization and numerical simulation techniques used to create large amplitude and high frequency surface waves with the help of a metal/ceramic composite transducer array. Four piezoelectric bimorph transducers are cascaded and operated in a nonlinear regime, creating broad band resonant vibrations. The used metallic plate itself resembles a movable wall which can align perfectly with an airfoil surface. A phase-shifted operation of the actuators results in local displacements that generate a surface wave in the boundary layer for an active turbulence control application. The primary focus of this article is actuator design and a systematic parameter variation experiment which helped optimize its nonlinear dynamics. Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations were performed for different design variants, with a primary focus in particular on the minimization of bending stress seen directly on the piezo elements while achieving the highest possible deflection of the vibrating metallic plate. Large output force and a small yield stress (leading to a relatively small output stoke) are characteristics intrinsic to the stiff piezo-ceramics. Optimized piezo thickness and its spatial distribution on the bending surface resulted in an efficient stress management within the bimorph design. Thus, our proposed resonant transduction array achieved surface vibrations with a maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of 500 μ m in a frequency range around 1200 Hz.
Light-Up of Rhodamine Hydrazide to Generate Emissive Initiator for Polymerization and to Afford Photochromic Polypeptide Metal Complex
Authors: Gao Jhen-Yan , Huang Wen-Chih , Huang Pei-Yi , Song Cheng-Yu , Hong Jin-Long
Published: September 2017

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic peptide monomer of γ-propargyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (PLG–NCA) was originally initiated by non-emissive, ring-close rhodamine 6G hydrazide (R-C). However, instantaneously after adding PLG–NCA to R-C, the spirolactam ring of R-C was opened by PLG–NCA, rendering emissive, ring-open R-O to initiate ROP of PLG–NCA. The emissive R-O moiety therefore produced fluorescent R–PLG with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Moreover, R–PLG was found to exhibit photochromic properties with good fatigue resistance and long lifetime when forming metal complexes with Sn(II) and Fe(III). In the dark, irradiated metal complexes slowly (~50 min) restored to the initial state. This research provides foundation for the development of new photochromic materials with long lifetime.
Multimodal Frequency Treatment for Facial Pain Caused by Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smith Michael , Berenger Philippe , Bonutti Peter , Ramakrishnan Alisa , Beyers Justin , Ramakrishnan Vivek
Published: September 2017

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that affects over 200 million patients worldwide. CRS often presents with facial pain, which is considered an important criterion for the diagnosis of CRS. A single-arm clinical study was designed to test the effect of simultaneous high (1 MHz) and low frequencies (70–80 Hz) on facial pain in 14 CRS patients at the Sarah Bush Lincoln Health Center, Mattoon, IL, USA. We used two quality of life (QOL) instruments to test the effect of multimodal frequencies on patients suffering from CRS: the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF), and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Mean BPI-SF severity scores improved by 0.80 points (Wilcoxon rank sum test p < 0.01) in all 14 patients. In patients with baseline facial pain (n = 9), the scores improved by an average of 1.5 (p < 0.01) points in the pain severity domain and by 1.4 points in the pain interference domain. Additionally, the mean improvement in SNOT-22 scores was 14.11 (p < 0.05), which is above the minimal clinically-important difference (MCID) of nine points. Our pilot study indicates that multimodal vibration frequencies applied over the facial sinuses reduce pain, possibly through the reduction of the inflammatory response and modulation of the pain receptors. This study suggests the possibility that combining different frequencies could have an enhanced effect on reducing CRS-related facial pain.
Oxidative Status and Presence of Bioactive Compounds in Meat from Chickens Fed Polyphenols Extracted from Olive Oil Industry Waste
Authors: Branciari Raffaella , Galarini Roberta , Giusepponi Danilo , Trabalza-Marinucci Massimo , Forte Claudio , Roila Rossana , Miraglia Dino , Servili Maurizio , Acuti Gabriele , Valiani Andrea
Published: September 2017

A study was carried out to determine the quality characteristics, antioxidant capacity, oxidative status, and consumer acceptability of chicken meat after dietary administration of a semi-solid olive cake, known as “paté” (pOC), in broilers. pOC is an olive oil industry waste rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, obtained by mechanical extraction from destoned olives. Two hundred and ninety-seven 22-day-old fast growing (Ross 308) female chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental grower-finisher diets. Each dietary group consisted of three replicates, each with 33 birds. The experimental treatments were: (1) basal control diet (C); (2) C diet supplemented with a low dose of pOC (82.5 g/Kg, L-pOC); and (3) C diet supplemented with a high dose of pOC (165.0 g/Kg, H-pOC). Chicken growth rate increased with increasing pOC concentration in the diet. Polyphenol analyses were performed through liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS). In meat of animals belonging to L-pOC and H-pOC groups, tyrosol and sulphate metabolites of hydroxytyrosol were detected. Meat quality parameters and proximate composition were not affected by the dietary treatment, whereas the antioxidant status and the oxidative stability of meat were positively affected, especially when the highest level of pOC was applied. These results demonstrate that pOC can be recommended in chicken diets to improve performance and meat oxidative status.
Do External or Internal Technology Spillovers Have a Stronger Influence on Innovation Efficiency in China?
Authors: Qin Xionghe , Du Debin
Published: September 2017

In this study, we bridge an important gap in the literature by comparing the extent to which external technology spillovers, as indicated by foreign direct investment (FDI), and internal technology spillovers, as indicated by university-institute-industry cooperation (UIC), influence innovation efficiency in China. We divide the innovation process into two sequential stages, namely the knowledge creation and technology commercialization stages, and employ a network data envelopment analysis approach to measure innovation efficiency at each stage. The spatial analysis of the distribution of knowledge creation efficiency and technology commercialization efficiency reveals the heterogeneity of innovation efficiency at the provincial level. Then, a panel data regression is used to analyze the effect of FDI and UIC on innovation efficiency at each stage, using data from 2009 to 2015 for 30 provinces in China. By comparing FDI with UIC, we find that FDI has a higher coefficient and stronger significance level at the knowledge creation stage, while only industry-institute linkages exhibit a stronger association with innovation efficiency at the technology commercialization stage.
Gap Analysis Based Decision Support Methodology to Improve Level of Service of Water Services
Authors: Han Sangjong , Koo Dan , Kim Youngkyung , Kim Seonghoon , Park Joonhong
Published: September 2017

One of water utility’s managerial challenges is to make a balance in between two distinctive managerial goals, cost-effective provision of water service and improving customer satisfaction of water service. As management priorities of the water utility perspective do not reconcile from the customer’s perspective, this gap challenges the sustainable provision of water service. In this study, the new methodology based on a gap analysis was proposed to improve the Overall Level of Service (O-LOS) of water service. Two new indexes (Gap Index [GI] and the Efficiency Index [EI]) were developed to improve the O-LOS and minimize the gap between the customers and the service providers. The methodology proposed in this study is effective in supporting the water utility decisions on budget allocation to make a balance in between the customers’ demand and the service providers’ needs.
Condition monitoring of railway track systems by using acceleration signals on wheelset axle-boxes
Authors: Chudzikiewicz Andrzej , Bogacz Roman , Kostrzewski Mariusz , Konowrocki Robert
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of estimating the track condition using axle-boxes and car-bodies motions described by acceleration signals. In the paper, the results presented indicate the condition of tracks obtained from the preliminary investigation on the test track. Furthermore, the results from the supervised runs (on Polish Railway Lines) of Electric Multiple Unit (EMU-ED74) with the prototype of track quality monitoring system installed on-board are described. As Track Quality Indicator (TQI) algorithm, used in the mentioned prototype, a modified Karhunen–Loève transformation is used in preliminary preparation of acceleration signals. The transformation is used to extract the principal dynamics from measurement data. Obtained results are compared to other methods of evaluating the geometrical track quality, namely methods, which apply the synthetic coefficient Jsynth and five parameters of defectiveness W5. The results from the investigation showed that track condition estimation is possible with acceptable accuracy for in-service use and for defining cost-effective maintenance strategies.
Ship mooring to jetties under the crosscurrent
Authors: Paulauskas Vytautas , Paulauskas Donatas , Plačienė Birutė , Barzdžiukas Raimondas
Published: September 2017

Quay walls or jetties in some ports or certain places of the ports are located in such a way that currents act at a particular angle to quay walls or jetties. Additional forces created by currents on mooring or moored ships as well as other forces produced by the wind, waves or shallow water effect should be taken in account when designing quay walls or jetties for ship mooring operations. The article describes ship mooring under crosscurrent conditions, calculates mooring methodology, experimentally examines the received theoretical results and provides recommendations to designers and ship operators when quay walls or jetties are arranged at a particular angle to the current.
Photometric Detection of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters Using Integrated Light
Authors: Bowman William P. , Pilachowski Catherine A. , Zee Liese van , Winans Amanda , Ciardullo Robin , Gronwall Caryl
Published: September 2017

We investigate the multiple stellar populations of the globular clusters (GCs) M3, M5, M13, and M71 using

and intermediate-band CN-

photometry obtained with the WIYN 0.9 m telescope on Kitt Peak. We find a strong correlation between red giant stars’ CN

colors and their spectroscopic sodium abundances, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the two-filter system for stellar population studies. In all four clusters, the observed spread in red giant branch CN

colors is wider than that expected from photometric uncertainty, confirming the well-known chemical inhomogeneity of these systems. M3 and M13 show clear evidence for a radial dependence in the CN-band strengths of its red giants, while the evidence for such a radial dependence of CN strengths in M5 is ambiguous. Our data suggest that the dynamically old, relatively metal-rich M71 system is well mixed, as it shows no evidence for chemical segregation. Finally, we measure the radial gradients in the integrated CN

color of the clusters and find that such gradients are easily detectable in the integrated light. We suggest that photometric observations of color gradients within GCs throughout the Local Group can be used to characterize their multiple populations, and thereby constrain the formation history of GCs in different galactic environments.
Individual, Model-independent Masses of the Closest Known Brown Dwarf Binary to the Sun
Authors: Garcia E. Victor , Ammons S. Mark , Salama Maissa , Crossfield Ian , Bendek Eduardo , Chilcote Jeffrey , Garrel Vincent , Graham James R. , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Lu Jessica R. , Macintosh Bruce , Marin Eduardo , Marois Christian , Nielsen Eric , Neichel Benoît , Pham Don , De Rosa Robert J. , Ryan Dominic M. , Service Maxwell , Sivo Gaetano
Published: September 2017

At a distance of ∼2 pc, our nearest brown dwarf neighbor, Luhman 16 AB, has been extensively studied since its discovery 3 years ago, yet its most fundamental parameter—the masses of the individual dwarfs—has not been constrained with precision. In this work, we present the full astrometric orbit and barycentric motion of Luhman 16 AB and the first precision measurements of the individual component masses. We draw upon archival observations spanning 31 years from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Schmidt Telescope, the Deep Near-Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS), public FORS2 data on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), and new astrometry from the Gemini South Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS). Finally, we include three radial velocity measurements of the two components from VLT/CRIRES, spanning one year. With this new data sampling a full period of the orbit, we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to fit a 16-parameter model incorporating mutual orbit and barycentric motion parameters and constrain the individual masses to be 

for the T dwarf and 

for the L dwarf. Our measurements of Luhman 16 AB’s mass ratio and barycentric motion parameters are consistent with previous estimates in the literature utilizing recent astrometry only. The GeMS-derived measurements of the Luhman 16 AB separation in 2014–2015 agree closely with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) measurements made during the same epoch, and the derived mutual orbit agrees with those measurements to within the HST uncertainties of 0.3–0.4 mas.
Accreting Double White Dwarf Binaries: Implications for LISA
Authors: Kremer Kyle , Breivik Katelyn , Larson Shane L. , Kalogera Vassiliki
Published: September 2017

We explore the long-term evolution of mass-transferring white dwarf (WD) binaries undergoing both direct-impact and disk accretion and explore implications of such systems to gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy. We cover a broad range of initial component masses and show that these systems, the majority of which lie within the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) sensitivity range, exhibit prominent negative orbital frequency evolution (chirp) for a significant fraction of their lifetimes. Using a galactic population synthesis, we predict ∼2700 of these systems will be observable with a negative chirp of 0.1 yr−2 by a space-based GW detector like LISA. We also show that detections of mass-transferring double WD systems by LISA may provide astronomers with unique ways of probing the physics governing close compact object binaries.
The Multiplicity of M Dwarfs in Young Moving Groups
Authors: Shan Yutong , Yee Jennifer C. , Bowler Brendan P. , Cieza Lucas A. , Montet Benjamin T. , Cánovas Héctor , Liu Michael C. , Close Laird M. , Hinz Phil M. , Males Jared R. , Morzinski Katie M. , Vaz Amali , Bailey Vanessa P. , Follette Katherine B. ,   (MagAO Team)
Published: September 2017

We image 104 newly identified low-mass (mostly M-dwarf) pre-main sequence (PMS) members of nearby young moving groups (YMGs) with Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) and identify 27 stellar binaries with instantaneous projected separation as small as 40 mas. Fifteen were previously unknown. The total number of multiple systems in this sample including spectroscopic and visual binaries from the literature is 36, giving a raw stellar multiplicity rate of at least

for this population. In the separation range of roughly 1–300 au in which infrared AO imaging is most sensitive, the raw multiplicity rate is at least

for binaries resolved by the MagAO infrared camera (Clio). The M-star subsample of 87 stars yields a raw multiplicity of at least

over all separations,

for secondary companions resolved by Clio from 1 to 300 au (

for all known binaries in this separation range). A combined analysis with binaries discovered by the Search for Associations Containing Young stars shows that stellar multiplicity fraction as a function of mass over the range of 0.2 to 1.2 M
☉ appears to be linearly flat, in contrast to the field, where multiplicity increases with mass. After bias corrections are applied, the multiplicity of low-mass YMG members (0.2–0.6 M
☉) is in excess of the field. The overall multiplicity fraction is also consistent with being constant in age and across YMGs, which suggests that multiplicity rates for this mass range are largely set by 10 Myr without appreciable evolution thereafter.
Reduced Diversity of Life around Proxima Centauri and TRAPPIST-1
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham
Published: September 2017

The recent discovery of potentially habitable exoplanets around Proxima Centauri and TRAPPIST-1 has attracted much attention due to their potential for hosting life. We delineate a simple model that accurately describes the evolution of biological diversity on Earth. Combining this model with constraints on atmospheric erosion and the maximal evolutionary timescale arising from the star’s lifetime, we arrive at two striking conclusions: (i) Earth-analogs orbiting low-mass M-dwarfs are unlikely to be inhabited, and (ii) K-dwarfs and some G-type stars are potentially capable of hosting more complex biospheres than the Earth. Hence, future searches for biosignatures may have higher chances of success when targeting planets around K-dwarf stars.
Patient Activation Mediates Health Literacy Associated with Hospital Utilization Among Whites
Authors: Charlot Marjory , Winter Michael R. , Cabral Howard , Wolf Michael S. , Curtis Laura M. , Hanchate Amresh , Paasche-Orlow Michael
Published: September 2017

Background:

Reducing the 30-day hospital readmission rate is a national priority, and patient activation has emerged as a modifiable target to reduce hospital readmissions.

Objective:

Prior studies demonstrate that low patient activation and low health literacy are each associated with higher rates of hospital utilization. The aim of this study was to use path analysis methods to assess if patient activation mediates the relationship between health literacy and hospital utilization in the 30 days after discharge.

Methods:

We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of patients receiving care at an urban safety net hospital. Path analyses were used to assess patient activation as a mediator of the relationship of education and health literacy with 30-day hospital utilization. The final model was stratified by race and ethnicity.

Key Results:

In the overall study sample, a patient activation measure (PAM) score that was one standard deviation (SD) higher was associated with 18% reduced odds of hospital utilization (odds ratio [OR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.73, 0.91];
p
< .001). PAM mediated the relationship between education level and health literacy and hospital utilization. When stratified by race, the mediating effect of PAM was evident among Whites, but not among non-Whites. Specifically, a one SD higher PAM score was significantly associated with a 33% reduced odds of utilization among Whites (OR 0.67, 95% CI [0.57, 0.79],
p
< .001). With the inclusion of PAM in the model, there was no direct relationship between either health literacy or education and 30-day hospital utilization.

Conclusions:

Patient activation is only associated with hospital utilization among Whites. Further research is needed to assess if this selective protection is seen in other cohorts. Potential interventions to reduce hospital readmissions may need to consider other modifiable factors in racially and ethnically diverse populations.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(3):e128–e135.]

Plain Language Summary:

In this study, among White patients, the relationship between health literacy and hospital utilization within 30 days after discharge was due to patient activation. However, for non-White patients, the relationship between health literacy and hospital utilization within 30 days after discharge was not due to patient activation.
Lifetime Assessment of Particulate Ceramic Composite with Residual Stresses
Authors: Náhlík Luboš , Majer Zdeněk , Štegnerová Kateřina , Hutař Pavel
Published: September 2017

A micro-crack propagation in particulate ceramic based composite was studied using finite element method (FEM). Subcritical crack growth (SCG) was numerically simulated under complex load conditions (mechanical loading and loading by internal residual stresses). The effect of residual stresses on the crack propagation was studied. Two-dimensional computational model of particulate ceramic composite with material properties corresponding to low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) was developed. The results indicate that the presence of residual stresses significantly reduces values of stress intensity factor in the vicinity of composite surface and the direction of residual stresses around the particles contributes to the micro-crack deflection from the particles. The time to failure of the composite under mechanical loading was determined. Results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the role of residual stresses during micro-crack propagation in ceramic particulate composites.
Influence of Cr and Mn Addition and Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behaviour of an AlSi3Mg Alloy
Authors: Tocci Marialaura , Montesano Lorenzo , Pola Annalisa , Gelfi Marcello , La Vecchia Giovina Marina
Published: September 2017

In the present work, the effect of Cr and Mn addition on corrosion resistance was investigated on AlSi3Mg alloy. Potentiondynamic corrosion tests in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution were performed on samples in different heat-treated conditions, and corrosion current density and potential were determined by Tafel method. Brinnel hardness measurements were also carried out in order to couple corrosion resistance with mechanical properties. It was interestingly found that Cr presence enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in comparison with the base alloy.
Hydrogen-Assisted Micro-Damage in Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels: Resembling Donatello Wooden Sculpture Texture
Authors: Toribio Jesús
Published: September 2017

This paper deals with hydrogen embrittlement of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires to be used in prestressed concrete structures in civil engineering. Special attention is given to the micro-level of hydrogen degradation, i.e, the hydrogen-assisted micro-damage (HAMD) that takes place in pearlitic steels in the form of the so-called tearing topography surface (TTS). It is shown that the appearance of this special topography evolves with the degree of cold drawing in the steels (level of cumulative plastic strain undergone by the wires) from standard TTS in hot rolled pearlitic steels (not cold-drawn at all) to a special hydrogen damage topography (HDT) consisting of a sort of enlarged and oriented TTS in heavily cold-drawn pearlitic steels (prestressing steel wires), thereby resembling Donatello wooden sculpture texture (DWST).
A Continuum Damage Model for Functionalized Graphene Membranes Based on Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Benedetti Ivano , Soler-Crespo R.A. , Pedivellano A. , Gao Wei , Espinosa H.D.
Published: September 2017

A continuum model for GO membranes is developed in this study. The model is built representing the membrane as a two-dimensional, heterogeneous, two-phase continuum and the constitutive behavior of each phase (graphitic or oxidized) is built based on DFTB simulations of representative patches. A hyper-elastic continuum model is employed for the graphene areas, while a continuum damage model is more adequate for representing the behavior of oxidized regions. A finite element implementation for GO membranes subjected to degradation and failure is then implemented and, to avoid localization instabilities and spurious mesh sensitivity, a simple crack band model is adopted. The developed implementation is then used to investigate the existence of GO nano-representative volume elements.
Application of the Williams Expansion near a Bi-Material Interface
Authors: Malíková Lucie , Seitl Stanislav
Published: September 2017

A simplified model of a crack approaching a bi-material interface is modelled by means of the finite element method in order to investigate the significance of the higher-order terms of the Williams expansion for the proper approximation of the opening crack-tip stress near the bi-material interface. The discussion on results is presented and the importance of the higher-order terms proved.
Runway Debris Impact on Aircraft Composite Parts
Authors: Buonsanti Michele , Ceravolo Fortunato , Leonardi Giovanni
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we perform the behavior of aeronautics composite material subjected to a low energy impact. The proposed study considers the dynamic impact between a small piece of granular material and a large body of composite material. The principal aim is to simulate the impact of runway debris thrown up by the landing gear against an airplane structure. In the simulation, a CFRP composite panel impacted by granular particles at low speed is considered. The finite element analysis, initially on the macroscale and subsequently on the micro-scale, shows the delamination inside the composite according to the experimental results.
Copper Mold for Continuous Casting of Steel: Modelling Strategies to Assess Thermal Distortion and Durability
Authors: Moro Luciano , Srnec Novak Jelena , Benasciutti Denis , de Bona Francesco
Published: September 2017

In this work the durability assessment and the permanent deformation of a copper mold for continuous casting of steel have been investigated using mathematical models based on the Finite Element method. The cyclic plasticity behavior of the material is represented by a combined kinematic-isotropic model experimentally validated. Results from thermo-mechanical analysis are in good agreement with measurements. In particular, creep effects included into the model permit the evolution of bulging near the meniscus area to be correctly predicted. A life estimation is performed considering strain-life and stress-rupture time curves according to a cumulative damage law.
Measuring Deformations in a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat
Authors: Fragassa Cristiano , Minak Giangiacomo
Published: September 2017

Rigid-hulled inflatable boats are extremely practical and popular nowadays. They offer a valid compromise between flexibility, handiness, performance and, finally, costs, supporting the pleasure of sailing. Their large use entails the fact that these crafts can be subjected to very different sailing conditions. The design has to be stable and seaworthy, mainly assured by hydroplaning hulls and unsinkable inflated tubes. When they are designed with extremely performing hydroplaning hulls, since their low weight, these crafts are able to outperform several types of similarly sized and powered boats. In the current study, experimental mechanics techniques were used to measure the strains showed by a rigid-hulled inflatable boat during sailing. Measure were used as a base for further considerations toward the design optimization of the hull in fiberglass.
Bending Fatigue Analysis of PM Gears
Authors: Glodež Srečko , Šori Marko
Published: September 2017

The paper discusses the computational and experimental approach for determination of the PM gears service life concerning bending fatigue in a gear tooth root. A proposed computational model is based on the stress-life approach where the stress field in a gear tooth root is determined numerically using FEM. The experimental procedure was done on a custom made back-to-back gear testing rig. The comparison between computational and experimental results has shown that the proposed computational approach is appropriate calculation method for service life estimation of sintered gears regarding tooth root strength. Namely, it was shown that in the case of proper heat treatment of tested gears, the tooth breakage occurred inside the interval with 95 % probability of failure, which has been determined using proposed computational model.
Statistical Size Effects on Compressive Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Concrete
Authors: Vu Chi Cong , Weiss Jérôme , Plé Olivier , Amitrano David
Published: September 2017

The size effect on strength of concrete has been studied for a long time from various approaches. In particular, the weakest-link theory remains nowadays the basic tool to interpret statistical size effects, i.e. how the probability of failure under a given stress depends on external size. The main shortcoming of Weibull’s theory is that the activation of fracture from the weakest flaw is assumed to set the final strength, i.e. possible interactions between microcracks and defects during progressive damage are implicitly neglected. The objective of this study is to determine experimentally the influence of “external” (sample) size and “internal” (microstructural) size on compressive strength of concrete. For this purpose, more than 250 uniaxial compression tests were conducted on concrete specimens with two different cylindrical sizes (110×220 mm and 160×320 mm) and prepared from three different compositions (mean aggregate size and proportion). The relationships between compressive strength, dissipated energy up to failure in one hand, and microstructural as well as specimen sizes on the other hand, were analyzed statistically. This demonstrated the failure of the weakest-link approach to describe size effects on compressive strength of concrete.
Comparison of Calibration Functions for Short Edge Cracks under Selected Loads
Authors: Seitl Stanislav , Miarka Petr , Malíková Lucie , Krejsa Martin
Published: September 2017

Attention to the fatigue cracks in steel structures and bridges has been paid for long time. In spite to efforts to eliminate the creation and propagation of fatigue cracks throughout the designed service life, cracks are still revealed during inspections. Note, that depending on location of initial crack, the crack may propagate from the edge or from the surface. The theoretical model of fatigue crack progression is based on linear fracture mechanics. Steel specimens are subjected to various load (tension, three-and four-point bending, pure bending etc.). The calibration functions for short edge cracks are compared for various load and the discrepancies are discussed.
Dual Boundary Element Model of 3D Piezoelectric Smart Structures
Authors: Zou F. , Benedetti Ivano , Aliabadi M.H.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the application of the dual boundary element method (DBEM) in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) is explored. The model involves a 3D host structure, which is formulated by the DBEM in the Laplace domain, and 3D piezoelectric transducers, whose finite element model is derived from the electro-mechanical behaviour of piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric transducers and the host structure are coupled together via BEM variables. The practicability of this method in active sensing applications is demonstrated through comparisons with established FEM and parametric studies.
Laser Vibrometer Imaging of Delamination Interaction with Lamb Waves Using a Chirp Excitation Method
Authors: Dafydd Ifan , Sharif Khodaei Zahra
Published: September 2017

One method that has shown great potential in visualising and characterising the interaction of guided waves with damage in composites is Laser Vibrometry. A Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) can be used to produce 2D wavefield images of guided Lamb waves but a single scan is very time consuming and normally multiple scans are required at various frequencies in order to determine the best input signal. This paper demonstrates the use of a chirp excitation method requiring only a single scan and a post-processing algorithm to obtain results corresponding to any narrowband signal within the frequency range of the chirp signal. The method was used on an artificially delaminated composite panel and showed that the S0 mode, dominant at higher frequencies, mainly caused mode conversions whilst the A0 mode, dominant at lower frequencies, mainly caused a change in phase and amplitude across the delaminationOne method that has shown great potential in visualising and characterising the interaction of guided waves with damage in composites is Laser Vibrometry. A Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) can be used to produce 2D wavefield images of guided Lamb waves but a single scan is very time consuming and normally multiple scans are required at various frequencies in order to determine the best input signal. This paper demonstrates the use of a chirp excitation method requiring only a single scan and a post-processing algorithm to obtain results corresponding to any narrowband signal within the frequency range of the chirp signal. The method was used on an artificially delaminated composite panel and showed that the S0 mode, dominant at higher frequencies, mainly caused mode conversions whilst the A0 mode, dominant at lower frequencies, mainly caused a change in phase and amplitude across the delamination.
Benefits and Risks in the Use of Composite Materials in Solar Vehicles
Authors: Maglio Stefano , Vannucchi de Camargo Felipe , Rodrigues Marisa Raquel
Published: September 2017

Embodying the contemporary concern for eco-friendly mobility alternatives, solar vehicles have been developed and perfected in an exponential rate for the last two decades; powered by the supports from industry and research centres and the realization of world-class race competitions. Given the engineering complexity embraced by such state-of-the-art emergent technology, design challenges have been constantly arising for a successful and efficient vehicle architecture, mainly involved by the need for lightweight and resistant materials, which has been so forth supplied by composites. The application of such materials has been addressed both to decrease the overall weight of the vehicle, providing an enhanced energy efficiency, and for manufacturing structural parts granting high resistance and safety. Thus, emphasizing the importance of a proper knowledge on the behaviour of composites, this work aims at reviewing studies upon some static and dynamic mechanical properties, focusing on low-energy impact, damage evolution and failure characterization, with glances at sustainability; comparing composite materials with different fibre reinforcements and narrowing such analysis to actual known applications in solar cars.