bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved 3D Magnetization Inversion Based on Smoothness Constraints in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lu Guangyin , Zhu Ziqiang , Cao Shujin
Published: November 2022

In the inverse problem, the traditional way to obtain a stable solution is based on the maximum smoothness criteria. However, this approach cannot generate clearer and more focused images. In this study, we propose an improved inversion method based on the smoothness constraints. In the algorithm, the model weighting functions are updated by adding a model’s total gradient module matrix, which can effectively constrain the boundary of the recovery model in the iterative operation. We invert the 3D magnetization intensity for the three-component magnetic data in the spatial domain by spherical coordinates. The preconditional conjugate gradient algorithm is introduced to improve the efficiency of the solutions. We design two sets of synthetic examples to evaluate the inversion effects, which show that the improved method is more reliable than the smoothness constraint method. The boundary of the magnetic bodies is more precise, and the magnetization ranges are more focused. The method does not rely on the initial model and is suitable for magnetic vector data inversion. We also apply the algorithm to a set of Dabie orogen three-component magnetic data derived from a geomagnetic field model and verify the effectiveness of the inversion method.
DocCompare: An Approach to Prevent the Problem of Character Injection in Document Similarity Algorithm
Authors: Namburu Anupama , Surendran Akhil , Balaji S Vijay , Mohan Senthilkumar , Iwendi Celestine
Published: November 2022

There is a constant rise in the amount of data being copied or plagiarized because of the abundance of content and information freely available across the internet. Even though the systems try to check documents for the plagiarism, there have been trials to overcome these system checks. In this paper, the concept of character injection is used to trick plagiarism checker is presented. It is also showcased that how does the similarity check algorithms based on k-grams fail to detect the character injection. In order to eradicate the problem or error in similarity rates caused due to the problem of character injection, image processing based approach of multiple histogram projections are used. An application is developed to detect the character injection in the document and produce the accurate similarity rate. The results are shown with some test documents and the proposed method eliminates any kind of character injected in the document that tricks plagiarism. The proposed method has addressed the problem of character injection with image processing based changes in the existing methods of document-similarity check algorithms using k-grams. The proposed method can detect 100% injected character be it any alphabet of any language, The processing time for conversion, histogram projections and applying winnowing algorithm takes 1.2 sec per page on average when experimented on multiple types of document varying in size from 2 KB to 10 MB.
A New Four-Step Iterative Procedure for Approximating Fixed Points with Application to 2D Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Rehman Habib ur , De la Sen Manuel
Published: November 2022

This work is devoted to presenting a new four-step iterative scheme for approximating fixed points under almost contraction mappings and Reich–Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings (RSTN mappings, for short). Additionally, we demonstrate that for almost contraction mappings, the proposed algorithm converges faster than a variety of other current iterative schemes. Furthermore, the new iterative scheme’s ω2—stability result is established and a corroborating example is given to clarify the concept of ω2—stability. Moreover, weak as well as a number of strong convergence results are demonstrated for our new iterative approach for fixed points of RSTN mappings. Further, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our new iterative strategy, we also conduct a numerical experiment. Our major finding is applied to demonstrate that the two-dimensional (2D) Volterra integral equation has a solution. Additionally, a comprehensive example for validating the outcome of our application is provided. Our results expand and generalize a number of relevant results in the literature.
Significance of Multi-Hybrid Morphology Nanoparticles on the Dynamics of Water Fluid Subject to Thermal and Viscous Joule Performance
Authors: Alanazi Meznah M. , Hendi Awatif A. , Raza Qadeer , Qureshi M. Zubair Akbar , Hira Fatima Shafiq , Ali Bagh , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional flow via swirling porous disks and an annular sector is carried out using fully developed hybrid nanofluids. Here, a single-phase simulation based on thermophysical characteristics using various nanoparticle sizes and shapes is taken into account. A regression function connected with the permeable Reynolds number for injection and suction was created. We used the well-known and accurate “shooting approach” to apply to the governing, nonlinear, ordinary differential equation systems to obtain numerical results. Additionally, parametric research was employed to control the impact of embedded flow factors on concentration, velocity, and temperature. While the physical features of the bottom and upper disks, such as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number, are provided in a table, their characterization of the flow of several regulatory flow parameters, such as fluid velocity and temperature, is depicted graphically. The experimental range of nanoparticle fractions of 1% to 4% is considered with the Nusselt number having notable effects at φ = 4%. Both walls demonstrate the effects of an increase in injection factor, shear stress, and tensile stress. As the Eckert number rises at the lower wall, the rate of heat transfer dramatically increases, and the opposite is true for the upper wall. The rate of heat transmission is significantly impacted by the addition of different base fluids containing various kinds of nanoparticles. The aforementioned research created a solid foundation for the development of electronic computers with an emphasis on nanotechnology and biomedical devices.
Implication of Echinochrome A in the Plasticity and Damage of Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Ahn Ji-Su , Shin Ye , Oh Su-Jeong , Song Min-Hye , Kang Min-Jung , Park So , Nguyen Phuong , Nguyen Dang , Kim Hyoung , Han Jin , Vasileva Elena , Mishchenko Natalia , Fedoreyev Sergey , Stonik Valentin , Seo Yoojin , Lee Byung-Chul , Kim Hyung-Sik
Published: November 2022

The diverse therapeutic feasibility of the sea urchin-derived naphthoquinone pigment, Echinochrome A (Ech A), has been studied. Simple and noninvasive administration routes should be explored, to obtain the feasibility. Although the therapeutic potential has been proven through several preclinical studies, the biosafety of orally administered Ech A and its direct influence on intestinal cells have not been evaluated. To estimate the bioavailability of Ech A as an oral administration drug, small intestinal and colonic epithelial organoids were developed from mice and humans. The morphology and cellular composition of intestinal organoids were evaluated after Ech A treatment. Ech A treatment significantly increased the expression of LGR5 (~2.38-fold change, p = 0.009) and MUC2 (~1.85-fold change, p = 0.08). Notably, in the presence of oxidative stress, Ech A attenuated oxidative stress up to 1.8-fold (p = 0.04), with a restored gene expression of LGR5 (~4.11-fold change, p = 0.0004), as well as an increased expression of Ly6a (~3.51-fold change, p = 0.005) and CLU (~2.5-fold change, p = 0.01), markers of revival stem cells. In conclusion, Ech A is harmless to intestinal tissues; rather, it promotes the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, suggesting possible beneficial effects on the intestine when used as an oral medication.
EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Efficacy in Older Adult Patients with Advanced EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Chang-Hung , Chou Deng-Wei , Chung Kuo-Mou , Chang Han-Yu
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: Lung cancer remains the most common malignancy worldwide. As the global population ages, the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing. Materials and Methods: We performed a meta-analysis and a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR TKIs on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in older adult patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. A total of 1327 patients were included; among these, 662 patients were >65 years of age. Results: A pooled analysis indicated (1) an overall improvement in higher PFS for dacomitinib and osimetinib than that for other drugs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.654, 95% CI: 0.474 to 0.903; p = 0.01) and (2) and no significant difference in the OS between the EGFR TKIs (HR = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.796 to 1.229; p = 921). Conclusion: Our study found that osimertinib achieved a higher PFS than all other EGFR TKIs did. Osimertinib is the preferred EGFR TKI for treatment of older adult patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
The Role of Equilibrium between Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Kotzaeroglou Anastasia , Tsamesidis Ioannis
Published: November 2022

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of oxidative stress and disorders of the antioxidant defense system are involved in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depression, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. This review focuses on a better appreciation of the contribution of oxidative stress to depression and bipolar disorder. Methods: This review was conducted by extracting information from other research and review studies, as well as other meta-analyses, using two search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: As far as depression is concerned, there is agreement among researchers on the association between oxidative stress and antioxidants. In bipolar disorder, however, most of them observe strong lipid peroxidation in patients, while regarding antioxidant levels, opinions are divided. Nevertheless, in recent years, it seems that on depression, there are mainly meta-analyses and reviews, rather than research studies, unlike on bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, this review shows that there is an association among oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants in both mental disorders, but further research should be performed on the exact role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Corrosion Behavior in Hydrochloric Acid of Pure Titanium after Ultrasonic Severe Surface Rolling
Authors: Sun Qisheng , Sun Jiapeng , Han Jing , Wu Guosong
Published: November 2022

Designing a gradient nanostructure is regarded as an effective strategy for strengthening commercial pure Ti without seriously sacrificing ductility. However, the corrosion behavior of the gradient nanostructured (GNS) pure Ti is far from clear, especially in reducing acid in which pure Ti shows poor corrosion resistance. The present paper aims at investigating the corrosion behavior of GNS pure Ti in hydrochloric acid by electrochemical method. The GNS surface layer is produced by a recently developed method called ultrasonic severe surface rolling. The GNS pure Ti exhibits spontaneous passivation behavior as well as the coarse-grained one in 1 M HCl. Due to the GNS surface layer, the corrosion current density and passive current density decrease by 70% and 54%, respectively, giving rise to significantly enhanced corrosion resistance and passivation ability. The better corrosion resistance is believed to be ascribed to the high-density grain boundaries and dislocations induced by the surface nano-grained structure as well as the smooth surface with few surface defects. The USSR processing also enlarges the static water contact angle of the pure Ti to 61.0 ± 0.3°.
The Phase Modulating Micro-Mover Based on the MHD/MET System in the Reference Arm of the Scanning Interferometer
Authors: Kalenkov Sergey , Skvortsov Pavel , Tarasenko Aleksandr , Sharov Dmitry , Shtanko Alexander
Published: November 2022

The possibility of using a magnetohydrodynamic drive (MHD) and amolecular-electronic transfer (MET) sensor as a single device for moving and precise control of the displacement of a movable mirror, which is part of a scanning interferometer, is considered. A prototype of such a device was developed and experimentally studied. A digital holographic image of the test object was obtained using an optical scheme containing a scanning interferometer with an MHD drive. The important advantages of the MHD drive in the problems of digital recording of hyperspectral holographic images have been discussed.
Assessment of the Microbial Spoilage and Quality of Marinated Chicken Souvlaki through Spectroscopic and Biomimetic Sensors and Data Fusion
Authors: Spyrelli Evgenia D. , Nychas George-John E. , Panagou Efstathios Z.
Published: November 2022

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), multispectral imaging (MSI), and an electronic nose (E-nose) were implemented individually and in combination in an attempt to investigate and, hence, identify the complexity of the phenomenon of spoilage in poultry. For this purpose, marinated chicken souvlaki samples were subjected to storage experiments (isothermal conditions: 0, 5, and 10 °C; dynamic temperature conditions: 12 h at 0 °C, 8 h at 5 °C, and 4 h at 10 °C) under aerobic conditions. At pre-determined intervals, samples were microbiologically analyzed for the enumeration of total viable counts (TVCs) and Pseudomonas spp., while, in parallel, FT-IR, MSI, and E-nose measurements were acquired. Quantitative models of partial least squares–Regression (PLS-R) and support vector machine–regression (SVM-R) (separately for each sensor and in combination) were developed and validated for the estimation of TVCs in marinated chicken souvlaki. Furthermore, classification models of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), linear support vector machine (LSVM), and cubic support vector machines (CSVM) that classified samples into two quality classes (non-spoiled or spoiled) were optimized and evaluated. The model performance was assessed with data obtained by six different analysts and three different batches of marinated souvlaki. Concerning the estimation of the TVCs via the PLS-R model, the most efficient prediction was obtained with spectral data from MSI (root mean squared error—RMSE: 0.998 log CFU/g), as well as with combined data from FT-IR/MSI (RMSE: 0.983 log CFU/g). From the developed SVM-R models, the predictions derived from MSI and FT-IR/MSI data accurately estimated the TVCs with RMSE values of 0.973 and 0.999 log CFU/g, respectively. For the two-class models, the combined data from the FT-IR/MSI instruments analyzed with the CSVM algorithm provided an overall accuracy of 87.5%, followed by the MSI spectral data analyzed with LSVM, with an overall accuracy of 80%. The abovementioned findings highlighted the efficacy of these non-invasive rapid methods when used individually and in combination for the assessment of spoilage in marinated chicken products regardless of the impact of the analyst, season, or batch.
Building a Cell House from Cellulose: The Case of the Soil Acidobacterium Acidisarcina polymorpha SBC82T
Authors: Belova Svetlana E. , Naumoff Daniil G. , Suzina Natalia E. , Kovalenko Vladislav V. , Loiko Nataliya G. , Sorokin Vladimir V. , Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: November 2022

Acidisarcina polymorpha SBC82T is a recently described representative of the phylum Acidobacteriota from lichen-covered tundra soil. Cells of this bacterium occur within unusual saccular chambers, with the chamber envelope formed by tightly packed fibrils. These extracellular structures were most pronounced in old cultures of strain SBC82T and were organized in cluster-like aggregates. The latter were efficiently destroyed by incubating cell suspensions with cellulase, thus suggesting that they were composed of cellulose. The diffraction pattern obtained for 45-day-old cultures of strain SBC82T by using small angle X-ray scattering was similar to those reported earlier for mature wood samples. The genome analysis revealed the presence of a cellulose biosynthesis locus bcs. Cellulose synthase key subunits A and B were encoded by the bcsAB gene whose close homologs are found in genomes of many members of the order Acidobacteriales. More distant homologs of the acidobacterial bcsAB occurred in representatives of the Proteobacteria. A unique feature of bcs locus in strain SBC82T was the non-orthologous displacement of the bcsZ gene, which encodes the GH8 family glycosidase with a GH5 family gene. Presumably, these cellulose-made extracellular structures produced by A. polymorpha have a protective function and ensure the survival of this acidobacterium in habitats with harsh environmental conditions.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics: A Novel Preventive Approach for the Control of Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Kober A. K. M. Humayun , Saha Sudeb , Islam Md. Aminul , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Fukuyama Kohtaro , Aso Hisashi , Villena Julio , Kitazawa Haruki
Published: November 2022

Bovine mastitis (BM) is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle, causing economic and welfare problems in dairy farming worldwide. Because of the predominant bacterial etiology, the treatment of BM is mostly based on antibiotics. However, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), treatment effectiveness, and the cost of mastitis at farm level are linked to limitations in the antibiotic therapy. These scenarios have prompted the quest for new preventive options, probiotics being one interesting alternative. This review article sought to provide an overview of the recent advances in the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of BM. The cellular and molecular interactions of beneficial microbes with mammary gland (MG) cells and the impact of these interactions in the immune responses to infections are revised. While most research has demonstrated that some probiotics strains can suppress mammary pathogens by competitive exclusion or the production of antimicrobial compounds, recent evidence suggest that other probiotic strains have a remarkable ability to modulate the response of MG to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation. Immunomodulatory probiotics or immunobiotics can modulate the expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in the MG epithelium, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines induced upon pathogen challenge. The scientific evidence revised here indicates that immunobiotics can have a beneficial role in MG immunobiology and therefore they can be used as a preventive strategy for the management of BM and AMR, the enhancement of animal and human health, and the improvement of dairy cow milk production.
Susceptibility Tests and Predictions of Transporter Profile in Serratia Species
Authors: Staats Gunther J. , Mc Carlie Samantha J. , Boucher-van Jaarsveld Charlotte E. , Bragg Robert R.
Published: November 2022

Disinfectants and biosecurity are critically important to control microbial diseases. Resistance to disinfectants compromises sectors such as agriculture and healthcare systems. Currently, efflux pumps are the most common mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to identify the efflux transporters responsible for disinfectant resistance in a multidrug-resistant isolate Serratia sp. HRI compared to a susceptible Serratia sp. type strain. An efflux system profile was generated using the Transporter Automatic Annotation Pipeline (TransAAP) for both isolates. Thereafter, the efflux pump inhibitors, reserpine (RSP) and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) were used to reveal the role of efflux pumps in susceptibility to three disinfectants (Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, HyperCide®, and benzalkonium chloride). Interestingly, the resistant isolate had fewer efflux systems in total compared to the type strain and fewer efflux systems classified as resistance efflux pumps. After the addition of RSP, a significant reduction in resistance capabilities against all three antimicrobials was observed for both isolates. However, CCCP supplementation produced mixed results with some outcomes suggesting the involvement of the Eagle effect. This study provides evidence that efflux pumps are responsible for the disinfectant resistance phenotype of the Serratia species due to the increased susceptibility when efflux pump inhibitors are added.
Comparative Analyses of the Exopalaemon carinicauda Gut Bacterial Community and Digestive and Immune Enzyme Activity during a 24-Hour Cycle
Authors: Xie Shumin , Liu Runyao , Zhang Huiling , Yu Fei , Shi Tingting , Zhu Jiawei , Zhou Xinlei , Yan Binlun , Gao Huan , Wang Panpan , Xing Chaofan
Published: November 2022

The change in life activities throughout a cycle of approximately 24 h is called the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm has an important impact on biological metabolism, digestion, immunity, and other physiological activities, but the circadian rhythm of crustaceans has rarely been studied. In this study, the activity of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase) and immune enzymes (superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and catalase), as well as the circadian rhythm of the intestinal bacterial community of Exopalaemon carinicauda, were studied. The results showed that the digestive and immune enzyme activities of E. carinicauda changed significantly (p < 0.05) at four time points throughout the day by one-way ANOVA analysis, with the highest value at 24:00 and the lowest value at 12:00. The highest values of alpha diversity and richness were observed in the 24:00 samples, which were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results obviously showed that the samples from the same sampling time had higher similarity in the bacterial community structure. Candidatus hepatoplasma had the highest abundance among the intestinal microorganisms at 24:00, and Marinomonas had the highest abundance at 12:00. This study contributed to the understanding of digestive enzyme activity, immune enzyme activity, and the circadian rhythm of the intestinal bacterial community structure in E. carinicauda. It will play an important role in optimizing feeding times and improving digestion and nutrient utilization for E. carinicauda. The results of this study provide a basis for further study on the physiological mechanism of diurnal variation of intestinal flora in crustaceans.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Escherichia albertii in Wild Birds and Poultry Flocks in Switzerland
Authors: Barmettler Karen , Biggel Michael , Treier Andrea , Muchaamba Francis , Vogler Barbara Renate , Stephan Roger
Published: November 2022

Escherichia albertii, a zoonotic pathogen, has sporadically been associated with infectious diarrhea in humans. Poultry and wild birds are considered potential reservoirs. We assessed the occurrence of E. albertii in 280 fecal samples from wild birds (n = 130) and pooled fecal samples collected at slaughterhouse level from poultry flocks (n = 150) in Switzerland. Using an E. albertii-specific PCR targeting the Eacdt gene, 23.8% (31/130) of the samples from wild birds, but not from the pooled poultry fecal samples, tested positive for Eacdt. The positive samples originated from 11 bird species belonging to eight families. Strain isolation was attempted on the PCR-positive samples by subculturing the broth cultures onto xylose–MacConkey plates. Isolation was possible on 12 of the 31 Eacdt-PCR-positive samples. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the strains belonged to nine distinct sequence types, with ST13420 and ST5967 being represented by two and three isolates, respectively. All strains harbored the eae gene, while two strains were also positive for stx2f. Our study thus shows that E. albertii is present in the Swiss wild bird population, which can potentially act as a source of this pathogen to humans, other animals, and the environment.
Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Delivered by a Virtual Human, Teletherapy, and an E-Manual on Psychological and Physiological Outcomes in Adult Women: An Experimental Test
Authors: Loveys Kate , Antoni Michael , Donkin Liesje , Sagar Mark , Xu William , Broadbent Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Technology may expand the reach of stress management to broader populations. However, issues with engagement can reduce intervention effectiveness. Technologies with highly social interfaces, such as virtual humans (VH), may offer advantages in this space. However, it is unclear how VH compare to telehealth and e-manuals at delivering psychological interventions. This experiment compared the effects of single laboratory session of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) delivered by a VH (VH-CBSM), human telehealth (T-CBSM), and an e-manual (E-CBSM) on psychological and physiological outcomes in a community sample of stressed adult women. A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a parallel, mixed design was conducted. Adult women (M age =43.21, SD = 10.70) who self-identified as stressed were randomly allocated to VH-CBSM, T-CBSM, or E-CBSM involving one 90 min session and homework. Perceived stress, stress management skills, negative affect, optimism, relaxation, and physiological stress were measured. Mixed factorial ANOVAs and pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction investigated main and interaction effects of time and condition. Participants’ data (N = 38) were analysed (12 = VH-CBSM; 12 = T-CBSM; 14 = E-CBSM). Each condition significantly improved stress, negative affect, optimism, relaxation, and physiological stress over time with large effect sizes. No significant differences were found between conditions on outcomes. Overall, all three technologies showed promise for remotely delivering CBSM in a controlled setting. The findings suggest feasibility of the VH-CBSM delivery approach and support conducting a fully powered RCT to examine its effectiveness when delivering a full 10-week CBSM intervention.
The Replica Project: Co-Designing a Discovery Engine for Digital Art History
Authors: di Lenardo Isabella
Published: November 2022

This article explains how the Replica project is a particular case of different professionals coming together to achieve the digitization of a historical photographic archive, intersecting complementary knowledge specific to normally unconnected communities. In particular the community of Art History researchers, brought together here in relation to their common methodologies in the practice of visual pattern research, became protagonists in the construction of a specific tool, the Morphograph, to navigate through the archive’s photos. A specific research problem, the recognition of visual patterns migrating from one work to another, became the key to developing a new technology initially intended for a specific community of users, but with such a generic character in its approach that it could easily be made available to other uninformed users as learning by doing tools. The Morphograph tool also made it possible to demonstrate how, within a community, the partial expertise of individuality needs to be related to each other and benefits enormously from the knowledge densification mechanism made possible by the sharing. The digital context easily makes it possible to create tools that are specific in terms of content but generic in form that can be communicated and shared with even diverse and uninformed communities.
The Toxicity of Coated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Stabilizers towards Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin Embryos
Authors: Abramenko Natalia , Semenova Marina , Khina Alexander , Zherebin Pavel , Krutyakov Yurii , Krysanov Evgeny , Kustov Leonid
Published: November 2022

Surface modification of nanoparticles with different stabilizers is one of the most widely used methods to improve their stability and applicability. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) dispersions with biologically active stabilizers have great potential as plant protection products with synergetic antimicrobial properties and sufficient stability in terms of field application. The obtained AgNPs dispersions have the ability to enhance growth, increase yield and give better protection to various crops. At the same time, it is important to determine the fate, stability, and ecotoxicity of the applied nanosized products. The toxic effects of AgNPs dispersions and their constituents, organic stabilizers and additives, were evaluated using a phenotypic sea urchin embryo assay. Certain AgNPs dispersions with organic stabilizers demonstrated sufficient stability, even in seawater. The toxicity of the AgNPs decreased with the increasing tendency to agglomerate in seawater. Furthermore, the applied stabilizers were hazardous towards sea urchin embryos. They caused pronounced embryo abnormalities at 0.25–2.6 mg/L concentrations. AgNPs exhibited a lethal effect at concentrations that were equal to the MLC or exceeded the MEC of their stabilizers. Silver ions were more toxic towards sea urchin embryos than AgNPs.
Editorial for Special Issue: “Preparation of Nanomaterial Modified Electrode and Its Sensing Application”
Authors: Liu Dong , Yuan Baiqing
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical sensors have attracted enormous attention for their precision, high sensitivity, rapid response, and ease-of-use for analysis [...]
Prediction, Discovery, and Characterization of Plant- and Food-Derived Health-Beneficial Bioactive Peptides
Authors: Kussmann Martin
Published: November 2022

Nature may have the answer to many of our questions about human, animal, and environmental health. Natural bioactives, especially when harvested from sustainable plant and food sources, provide a plethora of molecular solutions to nutritionally actionable, chronic conditions. The spectrum of these conditions, such as metabolic, immune, and gastrointestinal disorders, has changed with prolonged human life span, which should be matched with an appropriately extended health span, which would in turn favour more sustainable health care: “adding years to life and adding life to years”. To date, bioactive peptides have been undervalued and underexploited as food ingredients and drugs. The future of translational science on bioactive peptides—and natural bioactives in general—is being built on (a) systems-level rather than reductionist strategies for understanding their interdependent, and at times synergistic, functions; and (b) the leverage of artificial intelligence for prediction and discovery, thereby significantly reducing the time from idea and concept to finished solutions for consumers and patients. This new strategy follows the path from benefit definition via design to prediction and, eventually, validation and production.
The Complex of Phycobiliproteins, Fucoxanthin, and Krill Oil Ameliorates Obesity through Modulation of Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidants in Obese Rats
Authors: Qiang Xi , Guo Chuanlong , Gu Wenhui , Song Yuling , Zhang Yuhong , Gong Xiangzhong , Wang Lijun , Wang Guangce
Published: November 2022

Phycobiliproteins, fucoxanthin, and krill oil are natural marine products with excellent activities. In the study, we prepared the complex of phycobiliproteins, fucoxanthin, and krill oil (PFK) and assessed the anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, and antioxidant activities in high-fat diet rats. The results showed that the rats significantly and safely reduced body weight gain and regulated serum biochemical parameters at 50 mg/kg phycobiliproteins, 10 mg/kg fucoxanthin, and 100 mg/kg krill oil. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism study suggested that the complex of PFK confined the enzyme activities of lipid synthesis and enhanced antioxidant activity to improve obesity indirectly. The conclusions demonstrated that the complex of PFK has potent anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects which have potential use as a natural and healthy food and medicine for anti-obesity and lowering blood lipids in the future.
Mapping the Literature on Diet and Multiple Sclerosis: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Qu Xiaochen , Walsh Erin , Cherbuin Nicolas , Black Lucinda
Published: November 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system that is currently incurable. Diet may influence the onset and progression of MS. A variety of literature reviews have been conducted in the field of diet and MS. However, conventional reviews mostly focus on specific topics rather than delivering a holistic view of the literature landscape. Using a data-driven approach, we aimed to provide an overview of the literature on diet and MS, revealing gaps in knowledge. We conducted citation network analysis to identify clusters of all available publications about diet and MS over the past 50 years. We also conducted topic analysis of each cluster and illustrated them in word clouds. Four main clusters were identified from 1626 publications: MS risk and symptom management; mouse models of MS; gluten sensitivity; and dysphagia. Citation network analysis revealed that in this emerging field, articles published after 1991 were more likely to be highly cited. Relatively few studies focused on MS disease progression compared to risk factors, and limited evidence was available for many foods and nutrients in relation to MS. Future studies could focus on filling these identified knowledge gaps.
Nutritional Composition, In Vitro Starch Digestibility and Antioxidant Activities of Composite Flour Made from Wheat and Mature, Unripe Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Fruit Flour
Authors: Adeyanju Adeyemi A. , Bamidele Oluwaseun P.
Published: November 2022

Due to the rise in the number of people suffering from diet-related noncommunicable diseases, major scientific studies have recently been focused on the development of functional foods that are rich sources of resistant starch and bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. The nutritional composition, in vitro starch digestibility, and antioxidant properties of composite flour derived from wheat and mature, unripe pawpaw fruit flour are all discussed in this study. The proximate composition, functional and pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, antioxidant activities and storage stability of the composite flours were determined. When compared to 100% wheat flour, the crude fiber, ash, water absorption capacity, swelling capacity, and bulk density of the composite flours increased by 40.5–63.3%, 209.7–318%, 2–109%, 3–66%, and 28–162%, respectively. Increased addition of mature, unripe pawpaw fruit flour to wheat flour resulted in a rise in the composite flour’s TPC, ABTS, and ORAC values. Comparing the composite flour made with 50% mature, unripe pawpaw fruit flour to 100% wheat flour, the resistant starch and slowly digested starch rose by 2836% and 1321%, respectively. Additionally, compared to 100% wheat flour, the composite flours also demonstrated decreased fat acidity. It can be argued that the composite flour is a good source of resistant starch and bioactive ingredients that can be used in a variety of functional food products.
Using Popular Foods Consumed to Inform Development of Digital Tools for Dietary Assessment and Monitoring
Authors: Chen Juliana , Grech Amanda , Allman-Farinelli Margaret
Published: November 2022

Knowing the type and quality of the most popular foods consumed by a population can be useful in the design of technologies for monitoring food intake and interventions. The aim of this research was to determine the most frequently consumed foods and beverages among the Australian population and provide recommendations for progressing the design of dietary assessment technologies. Analysis of the first 24 h recall of the most recent Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was conducted. The most popular foods and beverages consumed by energy (kJ) and by frequency were calculated. There were 4515 separate foods and beverages reported by 12,153 people. Overall, the top 10 foods that contributed most energy included full fat milk, beer, white rice, white bread, red wine, cola soft drinks, bananas, red apples, wholewheat breakfast cereal and white sugar. The five most frequently reported foods and beverages were tap water, black tea, full fat milk, instant coffee, and sugar. Understanding the most popular foods and beverages consumed can support innovations in the design of digital tools for dietary surveillance and to reduce under-reporting and food omissions. These findings could also guide the development of more tailored and relevant food databases that underpin these technologies.
Articular Tissue-Mimicking Organoids Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Li Zhong Alan , Shang Jiangyinzi , Xiang Shiqi , Li Eileen N. , Yagi Haruyo , Riewruja Kanyakorn , Lin Hang , Tuan Rocky S.
Published: November 2022

Organoids offer a promising strategy for articular tissue regeneration, joint disease modeling, and development of precision medicine. In this study, two types of human stem cells—primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)—were employed to engineer organoids that mimicked bone, cartilage and adipose tissue, three key tissue components in articular joints. Prior to organoidogenesis, the iPSCs were first induced into mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs). After characterizing the MSCs and iMPCs, they were used to generate cell-embedded extracellular matrix (ECM) constructs, which then underwent self-aggregation and lineage-specific differentiation in different induction media. Hydroxyapatite nanorods, an osteoinductive bioceramic, were leveraged to generate bone and osteochondral organoids, which effectively enhanced mineralization. The phenotypes of the generated organoids were confirmed on the basis of gene expression profiling and histology. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of generating articular tissue-recapitulating organoids from MSCs and iPSCs.
Constructing an Intelligent Model Based on Support Vector Regression to Simulate the Solubility of Drugs in Polymeric Media
Authors: Senceroglu Sait , Ayari Mohamed Arselene , Rezaei Tahereh , Faress Fardad , Khandakar Amith , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Jawhar Zanko Hassan
Published: November 2022

This study constructs a machine learning method to simultaneously analyze the thermodynamic behavior of many polymer–drug systems. The solubility temperature of Acetaminophen, Celecoxib, Chloramphenicol, D-Mannitol, Felodipine, Ibuprofen, Ibuprofen Sodium, Indomethacin, Itraconazole, Naproxen, Nifedipine, Paracetamol, Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimidine, Sulfamerazine, and Sulfathiazole in 1,3-bis[2-pyrrolidone-1-yl] butane, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), PVP K12, PVP K15, PVP K17, PVP K25, PVP/VA, PVP/VA 335, PVP/VA 535, PVP/VA 635, PVP/VA 735, Soluplus analyzes from a modeling perspective. The least-squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) designs to approximate the solubility temperature of drugs in polymers from polymer and drug types and drug loading in polymers. The structure of this machine learning model is well-tuned by conducting trial and error on the kernel type (i.e., Gaussian, polynomial, and linear) and methods used for adjusting the LS-SVR coefficients (i.e., leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validation scenarios). Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the Gaussian kernel and 10-fold cross-validation is the best candidate for developing an LS-SVR for the given task. The built model yielded results consistent with 278 experimental samples reported in the literature. Indeed, the mean absolute relative deviation percent of 8.35 and 7.25 is achieved in the training and testing stages, respectively. The performance on the largest available dataset confirms its applicability. Such a reliable tool is essential for monitoring polymer–drug systems’ stability and deliverability, especially for poorly soluble drugs in polymers, which can be further validated by adopting it to an actual implementation in the future.
Research Progress on Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Tackle Treatment-Resistant NSCLC
Authors: Li Chenxin , Qiu Yusong , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for lung cancer are no longer limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer a new hope for patients. However, drug resistance in chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and the low response rates to immunotherapy remain important challenges. Similar to tumor development, drug resistance occurs because of significant effects exerted by the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with cancer cell mutations. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the TME and possess multiple functions, including cross-talking with cancer cells, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), secretion of various cytokines, and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which in turn provide support for the growth, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, CAFs represent valuable therapeutic targets for lung cancer. Herein, we review the latest progress in the use of CAFs as potential targets and mediators of drug resistance for NSCLC treatment. We explored the role of CAFs on the regulation of the TME and surrounding ECM, with particular emphasis on treatment strategies involving combined CAF targeting within the current framework of cancer treatment.
Comparison of Bitterness Intensity between Prednisolone and Quinine in a Human Sensory Test Indicated Individual Differences in Bitter-Taste Perception
Authors: Deng Mengyan , Hida Noriko , Yamazaki Taigi , Morishima Ryo , Kato Yuka , Fujita Yoshiaki , Nakamura Akihiro , Harada Tsutomu
Published: November 2022

Prednisolone is a frequently prescribed steroid with a bitter, unpalatable taste that can result in treatment refusal. Oral suspensions or powder dosage forms are often prescribed, particularly to pediatric patients, as they improve swallowability and ease of dose adjustment. Consequently, the bitterness of prednisolone is more apparent in these dosage forms. Few studies have investigated prednisolone’s bitterness. Thus, in this study, 50 adults evaluated the bitterness of prednisolone using the generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS), in comparison with quinine, a standard bitter substance. Overall, prednisolone-saturated solution demonstrated the same extent (mean gLMS score: 46.8) of bitterness as 1 mM quinine solution (mean gLMS score: 40.1). Additionally, large individual differences were observed in the perception of the bitterness of prednisolone and quinine. Perceived flavors of some drugs are reportedly associated with bitter-taste receptor (TAS2Rs) polymorphisms. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between subjects’ genetic polymorphisms of TAS2R19, 38, and 46, and their sensitivity to bitterness. Although a relationship between TAS2R19 polymorphisms and the perception of quinine bitterness was observed, no significant relationship was found between the perceived bitterness of prednisolone and the investigated genes. Ultimately, the results show that despite individual differences among subjects, the cause of prednisolone’s strong bitterness is yet to be elucidated.
Gallic Acid–Triethylene Glycol Aptadendrimers Synthesis, Biophysical Characterization and Cellular Evaluation
Authors: Miranda André , Lopez-Blanco Roi , Lopes-Nunes Jéssica , Melo Ana M. , Campello Maria Paula Cabral , Paulo António , Oliveira Maria Cristina , Mergny Jean-Louis , Oliveira Paula A. , Fernandez-Megia Eduardo , Cruz Carla
Published: November 2022

Herein, we describe the synthesis of an aptadendrimer by covalent bioconjugation of a gallic acid–triethylene glycol (GATG) dendrimer with the G-quadruplex (G4) AT11 aptamer (a modified version of AS1411) at the surface. We evaluated the loading and interaction of an acridine orange ligand, termed C8, that acts as an anticancer drug and binder/stabilizer of the G4 structure of AT11. Dynamic light scattering experiments demonstrated that the aptadendrimer was approximately 3.1 nm in diameter. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy evidenced the interaction between the aptadendrimer and C8. Additionally, we demonstrated that the iodine atom of the C8 ligand acts as an effective intramolecular quencher in solution, while upon complexation with the aptadendrimer, it adopts a more extended conformation. Docking studies support this conclusion. Release experiments show a delivery of C8 after 4 h. The aptadendrimers tend to localize in the cytoplasm of various cell lines studied as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. The internalization of the aptadendrimers is not nucleolin-mediated or by passive diffusion, but via endocytosis. MTT studies with prostate cancer cells and non-malignant cells evidenced high cytotoxicity mainly due to the C8 ligand. The rapid internalization of the aptadendrimers and the fluorescence properties make them attractive for the development of potential nanocarriers.
Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
Authors: More Pragati Rajendra , Zannella Carla , Folliero Veronica , Foglia Francesco , Troisi Romualdo , Vergara Alessandro , Franci Gianluigi , De Filippis Anna , Galdiero Massimiliano
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic resistance is an important and emerging alarm for public health that requires development of new potential antibacterial strategies. In recent years, nanoscale materials have emerged as an alternative way to fight pathogens. Many researchers have shown great interest in nanoparticles (NPs) using noble metals, such as silver, gold, and platinum, even though numerous nanomaterials have shown toxicity. To overcome the problem of toxicity, nanotechnology merged with green chemistry to synthesize nature-friendly nanoparticles from plants. Here, we describe the synthesis of NPs using silver (AgNPs) and platinum (PtNPs) alone or in combination (AgPtNPs) in the presence of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) leaf extract. O. basilicum is a well-known medicinal plant with antibacterial compounds. A preliminary chemical–physical characterization of the extract was conducted. The size, shape and elemental analysis were carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed polydisperse NPs with spherical shape. The size of the particles was approximately 59 nm, confirmed by DLS analysis, and the polydisperse index was 0.159. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated an effective and selective capping of the phytoconstituents on the NPs. The cytotoxic activities of AgNPs, PtNPs and AgPtNPs were assessed on different epithelial cell models, using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, and discovered low toxicity, with a cell viability of 80%. The antibacterial potential of the NPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed AgPtNP activity till the least concentration of NPs (3.15–1.56 µg/mL) against ATCC, MS, and MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and the Kirby–Bauer method showed that AgPtNPs gave a zone of inhibition for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 9–25 mm. In addition, we obtained AgPtNP synergistic activity in combination with vancomycin or ampicillin antibiotics. Taken together, these results indicate that bimetallic nanoparticles, synthesized from O. basilicum leaf extract, could represent a natural, ecofriendly, cheap, and safe method to produce alternative antibacterial strategies with low cytotoxicity.