bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposing a Precision-Enhancing Method for Sagittal Plane Alignment During Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Park Jisu , Lim Hyeongyu , Chang Chong Bum
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAchieving appropriate alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial for long-term survival of implant but alignment in sagittal plane is relatively not well studied. The purpose of this study was to (1) propose the preoperative sagittal planning method of TKA using X-ray, (2) validate its accuracy and (3) find factors contributing to inaccurate sagittal placement of the component.MethodsPreoperative sagittal planning for the femoral and tibial component was conducted using simple X-ray images. The postoperative X-ray taken 6 weeks after surgery was used to validate the proposed method. The angle between the reference line and the expected resection line before surgery was defined as the preoperative gamma angle for the femur and delta angle for the tibia. Postoperatively, the angle between the same reference line and the actual component was defined as the postoperative gamma and delta angles, respectively. The target angle range for the difference between the preoperative and postoperative gamma and delta angles was set as -2° to 2°. Demographic and radiologic factors between groups that fell within and outside the target angle range were compared.ResultsTotal 75 cases (80.6%) met the target angle range of distal femur resection. Femoral component tended to be placed in more flexed position than planned. Anterior femoral notching was not observed in all cases. Total 89 cases (95.7%) met the target angle range of proximal tibia resection. There were no differences in demographic and radiologic factors between those who were in the target range for femoral or tibial component placement and those who were not. No risk factors were found in additional logistic regression.ConclusionsThe proposed planning method in this study showed reasonable level of accuracy in sagittal plane placement of the prosthesis during TKA. Since this method does not require any programs and additional costs, it could be a good alternative in situations where robotic-assisted TKA is not available.
The interaction between preeclampsia and advanced maternal age on adverse perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study (2013-2022)
Authors: Wu Yubi , Chen Jun , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Ying , Qin Xiaohui , Wu Wei , Zhang Huihui , Qin Huan , Li Jingjing , Zeng Dingyuan
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aims to explore the risk of pregnancy complications and outcomes among younger women (aged 20-34 years) and older women ( aged 35 years or older) with PE and further investigate the interaction between PE and advanced maternal age (AMA) on the development of these outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 75860 single pregnant women aged 20-55 years, logistic regression was perform to find the associations between PE and pregnancy complications and outcomes. Additive interaction analysis between PE and AMA on the development of these outcomes was performed by using odds ratio (OR) due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (SI) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results:Among younger women, PE was associated with higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), caesarean delivery, placental accreta spectrum , placental abruption , intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) , haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, abnormal placental location and cord insertion, postpartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal distress, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and birth defects when compared to women without PE. The (OR 95%CI) was (1.34, 1.20-1.50), (3.57, 3.22-3.97), (1.40, 1.03-1.92),(6.39, 4.55-8.99), (1.92, 1.59-2.31), (64.98, 29.86-141.41), (1.43, 1.18-1.74), (1.66, 1.26-2.18), (4.50, 4.02-5.04), (6.55, 5.88-7.04), (1.52, 91.34-1.71), (9.37, 8.10-10.83), (1.37, 1.01-1.88), respectively. Among older women, PE had a higher risk of GDM, caesarean delivery, placental abruption, ICP, HELLP syndrome, preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal distress, and IUGR, the (OR 95%CI) was (1.19, 1.03-1.38), (2.92, 2.45-3.48), (4.20, 2.43-7.27), (2.03, 1.57-2.63), (17.74, 7.79-40.42), (4.59, 3.92-5.34), (7.33, 6.26-8.59), (1.56, 1.29-1.88), (9.44, 7.54-11.81), respectively. PE and AMA had a significant synergistic effect on caesarean delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight (RERI 1.93, 95%CI 0.64-3.22; AP 0.29, 95%CI 0.14-0.43; SI 1.50, 95%CI 1.19-1.90), (RERI 1.40, 95%CI 0.35-2.45; AP 0.23, 95%CI 0.09-0.37; SI 1.37, 95%CI 1.10-1.70), (RERI 2.45, 95%CI 0.93-3.97; AP 0.27, 95%CI 0.14-0.40; SI  1.42, 95%CI 1.16-1.74).
Conclusion: PE was an independent risk factor for a series of pregnancy complications and outcomes, and may play an important role in the interaction with AMA on the development of caesarean delivery, preterm birth and low birth weight.
Development and validation of a predictive model for intrapartum fever using indicators measured before the start of labor analgesia
Authors: Liu Bo , Ling Liang , Jia Fei , Wei Dayuan , Li Yuanling , Li Huiru , Xiao Hongquan , Wang Mengqiao , Zhang Gang , Zhang Jian , Li Chunping
Published: August 2024

Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia-related maternal fever has adverse effects on parturients and newborns. Early identification of high-risk febrile parturients can reduce the impact of fever. Herein, we aimed to establish an effective prediction model for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia-related maternal fever using indicators measured before the start of labor analgesia. In retrospective case–control study, 4538 parturients who received labor analgesia at Chengdu Jinjiang District’s Women & Children Health Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 composed the development cohort, and 1325 parturients who received labor analgesia at Sichuan Jinxin Xinan Women & Children’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 composed the validation cohort. Data were collected before the start of labor analgesia. The optimal predictive factors were identified using stepwise logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was developed. The discriminability of the model was verified area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The consistency of the model was verified by constructing a calibration curve. The clinical validity of the model was determined through decision curve analysis (DCA). The model was further evaluated via external validation. A total of 5863 parturients were included, including 4538 parturients in the development cohort, and 1325 parturients in the validation cohort. The optimal predictors included height, neutrophil count, estimated fetal weight, primiparity, anemia, and degree of cervical dilatation measured before the start of analgesia. The model passed the Hosmer‒Lemeshow test. The AUROCs of the model were 0.699 and 0.701 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. This predictive model can effectively predict the risk of intrapartum fever using indicators measured before the start of labor analgesia. This model will help clinicians implement early interventions.
Development and Validation of a Short Form Version of the Tuberculosis Medication Adherence Scale（TBMAS-SF）
Authors: Zang Wei , Zhang Xiaoxin , Gu Wenjing , Pan Lutong , Yu Ziying , Wu Yunchou , Li Ting , Wu Yibo
Published: August 2024

Background
In this study, we utilized classical test theory (CTT) to develop and validate a concise, abbreviated version of the Tuberculosis Medication Adherence Scale (TBMAS-SF). This shortened version aims to enhance the reliability and validity of the measurement tool for tuberculosis patients while maintaining good psychometric properties.
Methods
A survey of tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment at the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention was conducted using convenient sampling and the TBMAS. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 24.0. A total of 496 questionnaires were distributed in this study, with 404 valid responses collected, resulting in an effective response rate of 81.45%.
Results
The analysis revealed that the TBMAS-SF has good reliability, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.931 and a split-half reliability of 0.739. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the TBMAS-SF demonstrates good construct validity, with a chi-square degrees of freedom ratio of 4.981, RMSEA = 0.141, RMR = 0.014 (which is less than 0.05), CFI and IFI values exceeding 0.9, and NFI and TLI values approaching 0.9. There was a significant positive correlation between the TBMAS-SF score and medication literacy score (r = 0.228, p < 0.01), demonstrating the good empirical validity of the TBMAS-SF.
Conclusion
The TMAS-SF has good reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for evaluating adherence to medical instructions among tuberculosis patients.
Utilisation Willingness for Institutional Care among Elderly Adults Living Alone in Northwest of China: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Lv Fengli , Zeng Hongyu , Zhu Xianshang , Wang Yunhua , Cheng Hu , Wang Jiancheng
Published: August 2024

Background:Due to changes in family structures and social environments, an increasing number of elderly adults are living alone. The unique characteristics of their lifestyles and the absence of home-based care have necessitated the provision of special care and amenities for the elderly. The issue of willingness to utilize institutional care is a significant research priority, yet few studies have examined the willingness and factors influencing elderly adults living alone to consider such care. The objective of the study is to examine the variables that influence the decision of elderly individuals living alone to receive institutional care. This study aimed to explore the willingness of elderly adults living alone to choose institutional care and associated factors.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study, involving seven cities in Gansu Province, China. The analysis included 3,726 elderly adults living alone and used univariate analysis and binary logistic regression models to analyze the factors influencing institutional care willingness. To explore key factors, data were analyzed with stratifications on gender, age, and gender. The impact strength of each model was determined using the Anderson model as the theoretical foundation.Results:Of 3,726 elderly adults living alone, only 6.3% have a willingness for institutional care. The binary logistic regression showed that sources of life support, knowledge of the combination with medical care, the number of children, satisfaction with current health services, feeling of solitude, and frequency of medical examinations had a statistically significant impact on the willingness of the elderly adultsliving alone to age in institutions (P< 0.05). The predisposing and enabling factors have a bigger impact on the outcomes, according to the findings of fitting the coefficients using the Anderson model.Conclusions:The results of our study showed that elderly adults living alone were less willing to receive institutional care, but they had a higher demand for medical care and emotional support. Consequently, to address the aging crisis, it is advised that pertinent authorities implement targeted initiatives with an emphasis on the elderly.
Patient-derived renal cell carcinoma organoids for precision medicine
Authors: Wu Xiaoxiao , Liu Meiyou , Zheng Wanxiang , Wang Fan , Peng Li , Cheng Lianghua , Wang Jingwen , Jia Yanyan
Published: August 2024

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common diseases with limited treatment options. A better understanding of this disease and treatment has been hindered by a lack of representative preclinical models.
Methods: We established tumor organoids, three-dimensional cultures from clinical RCC samples. RCC organoids were characterized by H&E staining,
immunohistochemical staining and whole-exome sequencing. Organoids were derived from patients treated with different drugs to test their responses to the drugs.
Results: H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and whole-exome sequencing revealed that RCC organoids recapitulated the histological feature and transcriptional profile of the parent tumor. Using the RCC organoid model, we found that RCC organoids exhibited differential responses to sunitinib, pazopanib, Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib + Everolimus, and MK6482 + Sunitinib treatment.
Conclusions: Our research suggests that organoids may become a favorable model for precise drug use in RCC.
The Satisfaction Measurement and Comparison of Medical and Educational Abilities of Students in Morning Report Sessions: An Interventional Study
Authors: Rad Mina Akbari , Ebrahimzadeh Farnoosh , Allahyari Abolghasem , Emadzade Maryam , Firoozi Abdollah , Ghalibaf AmirAli Moodi , farzanehfar Mohammadreza , Rajabzadeh Somayeh
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim:
The significance of morning report sessions has prompted medical universities, faculties, and clinical medical groups to pursue suitable standards and criteria for conducting these sessions at the highest possible quality. Numerous factors have had a significant impact on the competencies and satisfaction levels of interns, residents, and faculty members with regard to the execution of morning report sessions. This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction levels and compare the medical and educational competencies of medical students participating in morning report sessions. In this study the perspectives of faculty members, internal medicine residents, and medical interns was considered.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study took place in the Internal Medicine departments of Imam Reza and Qaem Educational Hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, during the academic year 2021–2022. The sample comprised 124 interns, 60 clinical residents, and 41 faculty members, all of whom met the study's criteria and were included in the research through census sampling. The data collection instrument utilized was a questionnaire developed by Makarem and colleagues. The data collected on hospitals was confidentially archived, with the hospital names being coded for the current study. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software.
Results
The study involved 225 participants, comprising 60 clinical residents (26%), 124 interns (55%), and 41 faculty members (18%). The results indicated a disagreement between residents and faculty members regarding the participation of residents in morning report sessions, with interns expressing a preference for holding sessions without resident attendance.
Conclusion
The findings clearly indicated that both residents and faculty members objected to the absence of residents in these sessions. This was attributed to the increased responsibility placed on residents for presenting reports and responding to faculty members, leading to a decrease in teaching effectiveness. Conversely, interns expressed a preference for sessions conducted in a classroom-style environment without the presence of residents, citing decreased stress and a lighter burden of responsibility. These findings offer valuable insights for organizing morning report sessions in order to enhance educational quality and increase participant satisfaction.
Mullan’s triangle or Anteromedial Triangle of the Middle Cranial Fossa: A Cadaveric Study with its Surgical Importance
Authors: Kaliappan Ariyanachi , Motwani Rohini , Chandrupatla Mrudula , Patra Apurba
Published: August 2024

Background
Surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus (CS) and middle cranial fossa (MCF) can be challenging, particularly for young neurosurgeons. The anteromedial (Mullan’s) triangle is a triangle by the side of the CS and constitutes part of the floor of the MCF. The contents include the sphenoid sinus, superior ophthalmic vein, and sixth cranial nerve. The literature contains very little research that has precisely defined and measured the anteromedial triangle while considering anatomical variances minimally.
Methodology:
The present study was conducted on the skulls of 25 adult human cadavers which were dissected to expose the anteromedial (Mullan’s) triangle on both sides. After precisely defining the triangle on each side, measurements of the three borders were taken, and using Heron’s formula, the area of each triangle was calculated.
Results
On average, the length of the medial border was 12.5 (+ 3.1mm); the length of the lateral border was 9.9 (+ 3.1 mm); the length of the lateral border was 10.75 (+ 2.4 mm) and the area of the anteromedial triangle was 43.9 (+ 15.06 mm2).
Conclusion
Precise anatomical knowledge of the Mullan’s triangle enables the treatment of disorders in often deformed anatomy or difficult-to-access structures. That is the reason it is important to gain a thorough understanding of the surgical anatomy and to adopt a safe procedure.
Does the Suturing Technique (Barbed Continuous versus Conventional Interrupted) Have an Impact on the Outcome of Anastomotic Urethroplasty?
Authors: Çolakoğlu Yunus , Özlü Deniz Noyan , Ayten Ali , Savun Metin , Şimşek Abdulmüttalip
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To evaluate and compare continuous suture (CS) and interrupted suture (IS) techniques applied in excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) urethroplasty in terms of surgical success and complication rates.
Methods
A retrospective evaluation was conducted on patients with bulbar urethral strictures measuring ≤ 2.5 cm, who underwent EPA between April 2020 and December 2022. Patients with a history of urethral reconstruction, multiple strictures, a history of pelvic radiotherapy, a diagnosis of Lichen sclerosis, a history of surgery due to congenital penile curvature or Peyronie’s disease, and a follow-up period of less than 12 months were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the suture technique used (CS or IS), and the groups were compared for demographic and perioperative data.
Results
A total of 97 patients (CS: n = 52, IS: n = 55) were included in the sample. The mean age of the entire patient group was calculated to be 56.2 years, and the mean stricture length was 19.3 mm. Operation time and postoperative catheter time were shorter in the CS group (94.7 ± 7.3 vs. 117.2 ± 5.7 min and 9.9 ± 1.6 vs. 15.8 ± 1.9 min, p = 0.000, respectively). The groups were similar regarding anatomical success, stress urinary incontinence, penile numbness, curvature, and postoperative infection (p > 0.0).
Conclusion
No significant difference was observed between the CS and IS techniques employed during EPA urethroplasty in terms of success or complications. However, in addition to reducing the operation time, the CS technique offers the advantage of safely removing the urethral catheter earlier.
Upregulation of adenosine A2A receptor by astrocytes is sufficient to trigger hippocampal multicellular dysfunctions and memory deficits.
Authors: Blum David , Launay Agathe , Carvalho Kévin , Gauvrit Thibaut , Murcia Victoria Gomez , Augustin Emma , Burgard Anaëlle , Thiroux Bryan , Vieau Didier , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , LeGras Stéphanie , Buee Luc , Orr Miranda , Boutillier Anne Laurence , Bonvento Gilles , Cambon Karine , Faivre Emilie , Fourmy Déborah
Published: August 2024

Adenosine is an ubiquitous neuromodulator that ensures cerebral homeostasis. It exerts numerous functions through the activation of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs), in particular A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors. Interestingly, A2AR levels are upregulated in cortical and hippocampal regions in several pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, tauopathies or epilepsia. Such abnormal upregulations have been particularly reported in astrocytes, glial cells that play a key role in regulating synaptic plasticity. However, the overall impact and the underlying mechanisms associated with increased A2AR in astrocytes remain poorly understood. In the present study, we induced the upregulation of A2AR in hippocampal astrocytes using dedicated AAVs and comprehensively evaluated the functional consequences in 4 months-old C57Bl6/J mice. Our results show that A2AR upregulation promotes cell-autonomous alterations of astrocyte reactivity, morphology and transcriptome, with a link to aging-like phenotype as well as non-cell autonomous impairments of neuronal excitability and microglial phenotype. These changes driven by a restricted A2AR upregulation in hippocampal astrocytes were sufficient to induce impairments of short-term spatial memory (Y-Maze task) and spatial learning (Barnes Maze task). This study highlights the impact of astrocytic A2AR upregulation, as seen in various neurological conditions, on the development of a detrimental multicellular response associated with memory alterations and provides an additional proof-of-concept for the value of targeting this receptor in different neurodegenerative conditions.
Extra-gonadal Endometrioid Borderline Ovarian Tumor Associated with Endometriotic Cyst
Authors: Dimaano Katrina , Sarkissyan Marianna , Petrie Beverley A. , Wu Meifang , McPhaul Laron W. , Lee Hanjoo
Published: August 2024

Background
Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are rare ovarian tumors that present at a younger age than other ovarian carcinomas. These tumors present a challenge given the complex diagnostic and surgical considerations that need to be navigated for patient care. Notably, fertility sparing among younger woman is preferable surgically but may place patient at a higher rate of recurrence. The purpose of this report is to review the work-up and surgical management of an extra-gonadal endometroid BOT.
Case Presentation:
Patient is a 32-year-old female with history of polycystic ovary syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, and morbid obesity who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. She underwent extensive work-up including computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), colonoscopy, and diagnostic laparoscopy. After multidisciplinary discussion, this was managed with oncologic en bloc resection of the lesion and adherent colon. In order to maintain fertility, her ovaries and uterus were spared. She continued with surveillance and at three month follow up had no evidence of disease. The purpose of this report is to review the work-up and surgical management of an extra-gonadal endometroid BOT.
Conclusions
This report reviews the work-up and surgical management of an extra-gonadal endometroid BOT to inform clinicians on management of these rare tumors.
Tunable dual-band ultrasensitive graphene metamaterial terahertz sensor
Authors: Cai Kejing , Nie Sihan , Sun Pengfei , Li Xin , Zhou Yaxin , Su Lijing , Gao Yang
Published: August 2024

A highly sensitive terahertz metasurface refractive index sensor is proposed utilizing a graphene metamaterial with adjustable dual-band characteristics. The sensor comprises a SiO2 substrate and a graphene metasurface. Through extensive simulations and analysis using finite difference time domain (FDTD) software, the absorption characteristics and sensing performance align with the predictions made by coupled mode theory (CMT). The simulations indicate two absorption peaks at 4.65 THz and 5.53 THz, achieving absorption rates reaching up to 99% and 54%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivities are 1.67 THz/RIU and 1.14 THz/RIU at resonance peaks, respectively. Stability and reliability analyses of our design include investigations into the effects of structural parameters and Fermi level on the absorption spectrum. This research significantly expands the potential applications of devices in the terahertz range.
The Application of Endoscopic Debridement Combined with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Technology in Primary Spinal Infections: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Feng Xiaofei , Cheng Jie , Jiang Luyong , Lin Jiayi , Pang Qingjiang , Liu Jiangtao , Ye Zhewei
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Spinal endoscopy is a novel minimally invasive spinal surgery technique used in recent years to treat various degenerative spinal diseases. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a new method for identifying infectious microorganisms in infectious diseases. We aim to evaluate the application effect of combining spinal endoscopy with mNGS in diagnosing and treating spinal infections.
Methods
The clinical data of 62 patients with suspected spinal infectious diseases admitted from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent spinal endoscopy to obtain tissue specimens, histopathological examination, routine bacterial culture, and mNGS sequencing. Describe the pathogenic microbial spectrum of spinal infection, and compare the differences in sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) between the two detection methods. White blood cell (WBC) erythrocyte deposition rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and other clinical results were analyzed.
Results
In 62 cases, mNGS, microbiological culture, serologic testing, and pathologic examination results were obtained. 49 cases of spinal infections and 13 cases of non-spinal infections were finally diagnosed clinically. Among the 49 patients with spinal infections, there were 31 cases of purulent bacterial infections, 8 cases of tuberculosis infections, and 10 cases of infections with unspecified etiological microorganisms. Among the 13 cases of non-spinal infections, there were 3 cases of spinal tumors, 6 cases of Modic changes of the endplates, and 4 cases of endplate fracture. The positive rate of microbial culture was 36.73% (18/49), and the positive rate of the mNGS test was 71.43% (35/49), which was statistically different from each other (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the mNGS test was 71.43%, and the specificity of the mNGS test was 84.62%. At the 3-month follow-up, WBC, ESR, and CRP levels were normalized. The VAS, JOA score, and ODI of the lower back and legs at each follow-up point after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Macrogenomic sequencing technology is fast, efficient, and accurate in detecting pathogenic microorganisms, and has high diagnostic value in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal infections. Spinal endoscopic debridement combined with mNGS can achieve good clinical results.
Fibromyalgia Comorbidity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Assessing Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Monteiro Jade A. M. , Gama Alexia L. H. , Oliveira Joao C. S. , Falcao Matheus V. , Melo Ana Karla G. , Brito Danielle C. S. E. , Braz Alessandra S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of Fibromyalgia in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is significantly higher compared to the general population. Despite this frequent association, Fibromyalgia remains underdiagnosed and con- sequently inadequately treated, negatively affecting the quality of life of these patients. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of Fibromyal- gia and its impact on the quality of life of Brazilian patients with SLE treated at a University Hospital in the state of Paraiba.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study included patients with SLE diagnosed according to the 2012 criteria of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC). The occurrence of Fibromyalgia was assessed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria of 1990 and 2010/2011, revised in 2016. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire for all patients, while the Fibromyalgia Impact Ques- tionnaire (FIQ) was applied to those diagnosed with Fibromyalgia.
Results: The sample comprised 107 SLE patients, with an average age of 54.1 years (SD:12.1), of whom 95.4% (102) were women. The prevalence of Fibromyalgia among SLE patients was 19.1% (21), all of whom were women with a mean age of 45.6 years (SD 9.6). The SF-36 scores of SLE patients with Fibromyalgia were consistently lower across all eight domains compared to those without Fibromyalgia, indicat- ing a significant negative impact of this comorbidity.
Conclusion: These findings are consistent with existing literature, highlighting the significant negative impact of Fibromyalgia on the quality of life of patients with SLE.
Use of Electrical Resistivity Profiling to Reduce Landfill Siting Risks in the South Central Kentucky Karst
Authors: May Michael T. , Brackman Thomas B. , May Elizabeth C. , Edwards W. Trenton
Published: August 2024

Electrical Resistivity (ER) can be a key tool for aiding in characterization of karst geohazard risks at proposed landfill sites. This focused study is proximal to the south central Kentucky karst and Mammoth Cave National Park and possesses siliciclastic cap rock upland areas that pose relatively high groundwater-contamination risks due to adjacent ravines floored by carbonates. Complex stratigraphy associated with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity and juxtaposition of heterolithic sedimentary rocks in general presents further challenges for demarcating hydrogeological characterization of the base of engineered landfills. A conceptual site model integrates ER surveying and field geology that both satisfactorily characterize the site and risks to groundwater resources without conducting multiple borings. Our work entails two ER profiles that traversed the site, study of outcrops, an excavated pit and trench and briefly compares the focus study area to regional sites with caves. ER data range from several low 10s to about 400 ohm-meter values for mud rock units whereas sandy units possess ER values from approximately 500 to several 10 tens of thousands of ohm meters. The greatest values are indicative of basal Pennsylvanian Caseyville Sandstone and these exceed 32,000 ohm meters. An unexpected challenge specific to this study includes occurrence of well-drained and highly weathered Caseyville at the highest elevations of the site where electrical contact was not possible during ER surveying. The overall ER contrast however, between quartz-rich and clay poor strata (high-resistivity rocks) and clay-rich strata (low-resistivity rocks) provides independent data consistent with the observed stratigraphy exposed in site exposures.
Investigating the interaction between opioidergic and D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens on pain-related behaviors in the animal model of acute pain
Authors: Shahani Pariya , Abolghasemi Hedie , Abtin Shima , Mozafari Roghaye , Barikrow Nooshin , Yekta Batool Ghorbani , Haghparast Abbas
Published: August 2024

The opioidergic and dopaminergic systems play an essential role in processing pain information in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The present work examined the hypothesis that interaction between opioidergic and D1-like dopamine receptors in the NAc area may influence acute pain-related behaviors. One hundred sixty adult male Wistar rats unilaterally received different doses of morphine (5, 10, and 25 mmol/0.5µL) and various doses of SKF38393 (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mmol/0.5µL) as opioid and D1-like receptor agonist in the NAc region, respectively. In the second stage, animals got different amounts (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mmol/0.5µL) of SCH23390, a D1-like receptor antagonist, before an effective dose of morphine (10 mmol/0.5µL). The animals were then given naloxone (1.5, 5, and 15 mmol/0.5µL) before they were given an effective dose of SKF38393 (3 mmol/0.5µL). The tail-flick test was then used to measure their acute pain threshold. The main findings showed that intra-NAc injection of morphine and SKF38393 alone causes antinociceptive responses. However, the intra-accumbal injection of SCH23390 significantly reduced the antinociceptive responses elicited by intra-NAc morphine. Additionally, intra-NAc naloxone significantly reduced the antinociceptive effects elicited by intra-NAc SKF38393. Interestingly, SCH23390 was more effective in reversing the analgesic effects of morphine (η2 = 0.61) than naloxone in reversing the analgesic effects of SKF38393 (η2 = 0.49). The findings suggest that the opioidergic and dopamine systems in the NAc collaborate to produce pain-relieving effects. This insight could potentially enhance the effectiveness of lower doses of opioids for pain management, ultimately reducing their usage in clinical settings in the future.
A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study of Animal Bite Victims in District Hospital Alwar, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Muraleedharan Deepak , E Neethu , R Jayadevan , A Hafis Ahammed , Kewalramani Suresh
Published: August 2024

Background
Rabies, an invariably fatal viral disease, transmitted to humans through animal bites, mostly dogs. According to WHO, each year, 23 000–25 000 people die in the SEA Region due to rabies. These accounts for approximately 45% human deaths due to rabies worldwide.
Objective
Study epidemiological trend of animal bite in Alwar District Hospital.
Methods
A retrospective, record-based study was conducted in 200 animal bite victims presenting to District Hospital Alwar, Rajasthan wherein information on monthly number of animal bite cases was collected from records section of the hospital. Information on annual number of animal bite cases was available from the Annual Report of the hospital from 2018 onwards, this data was used for studying the monthly variation in animal bite cases. Data were compiled and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results
Among 200 victims 76.3% were males, 56.7% belongs to15-45 year.’s, 61.6% were living in urban area, 31.3% and 21.7% of the victims were agriculture worker and laborers respectively. Among 95.8% victims bitten by dog, 89% of them were stray. 89.4% had Category III bite, lower extremity affected in 60.8%, fate of animal was unknown in 78.6% and 46% of the victims were bitten during evening hours.
Conclusions
Majority of bites were by stray dogs, unprovoked and category III bites. This indicates the need of large amount of anti-rabies serum or HRIG thereby increasing the cost of management of animal bite cases. There is a need to control stray dog population and immunize pet dogs.
Adversarial Shield: Using Large Language Models to Enhance Response Security Against Adversarial Attacks
Authors: Hamed Manar , Kasiem Nora , Abdou Mariem , Aslan Heba , Khoriba Ghada , Arafa Tamer
Published: August 2024

As Large Language Models (LLMs) usage becomes more widespread, it is essential to ensure the security of its responses against adversarial attacks. These attacks manipulate LLMs to produce harmful or misleading information, posing significant risks in several applications. Therefore, this paper investigates the capability of using LLMs as a safety judge of another LLM's response. The proposed architecture consists of generators, evaluators, and a judge. Four LLM generators have been used to generate responses to a user-provided question. The questions and the responses are then provided to the evaluators. The evaluators scale each response based on its safety level. Finally, the judge selects the best response based on the evaluators' output. This architecture has been used to test two approaches: one with a single LLM evaluator and another with four fine-tuned specialized LLMs. The pipeline achieved an 88% accuracy using the one-evaluator approach and an 83% accuracy using the four-evaluator approach. The results prove the potential effectiveness of LLMs as a judge of other LLM-generated responses and offer a promising direction for enhancing the reliability and security of AI systems in adversarial environments.
A deep learning framework combining graph neural networks and YOLO for military target detection in urban battlefields
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Lijuan , Jiang Yutong , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2024

In the urban battlefield environment, the rapid movement and frequent occlusion of military targets often lead to low detection accuracy during target recognition, and the existing models are difficult to meet the real-time requirements of battlefield recognition. To address this problem, this study proposes an innovative method that combines graph neural networks and YOLO models to solve the problem of low detection accuracy caused by slow detection speed and fuzziness of existing models. First, we improved the YOLOv7 model by introducing the SPPFPC structure, CARAFE structure and DSConv. These improvements not only reduced the complexity of the model and achieved lightweight, but also optimized the regression box by using the latest Shape-IoU method, effectively reducing the positioning loss of the model. Then, the model performance was improved by introducing intelligent reasoning and optimization processes in the model output stage, so that the model can re-reason the confidence of objects based on the spatial position relationship between objects. We constructed a graph relationship model based on the detection results and input it into the adjusted SeHGNN network. The SeHGNN network is responsible for learning the complex relationship between targets and recalculating the confidence. Through experimental verification, the improved model shows significant performance improvement on mAP@0.50, proving the effectiveness of this method.Through this method that combines traditional target detection technology with the knowledge reasoning function of graph neural networks, the model's detection performance for military targets in urban battlefields is significantly improved.
Optimizing Hysteresis Parameters for RC Structural Elements Using Genetic Algorithm in OpenSees
Authors: A Gautham
Published: August 2024

An accurate numerical model is crucial for predicting the cyclic hysteresis response of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structural elements, capturing strength and stiffness degradations along with the pinched hysteresis response typical of RC members. OpenSees, an open-source fiber modeling and analysis software, is versatile for modeling RC, steel, and composite structural elements subjected to seismic loading. While the OpenSees library offers various hysteresis material models for the cyclic response of members, selecting the hysteresis parameters of each model often relies on a black-box approach. This study optimizes hysteresis parameters using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) search method. The dynamic GA search compares the energy dissipation in each cycle of the experimental specimens with the numerical models in OpenSees to optimize the hysteresis parameters. The results show an improvement in the fitness between the simulated and experimental hysteresis curves across the generations, plateauing around the 3rd generation. The modified GA methodology terminates the GA when the fitness function plateaus, saving considerable computational run time. This approach offers a reliable method for estimating hysteresis parameters which is consistent with the experimental results.
Biomarker driven drug repurposing for Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD): A Computational study
Authors: Singh Sarangthem Dinamani , Gogoi Gayatri , Nagamani Selvaraman , Bharali Pankaj
Published: August 2024

Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a slowly advancing, non-inflammatory eye condition due to gradual increase in thickness of the Descemet’s membrane and the gradual decline in corneal endothelial cells population. It can occur sporadically or be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner leading to impaired vision over time. The only available method to treat FECD is corneal transplant. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers, pathways, and identifying therapeutic targets to treat FECD. The dataset GSE171830 was retrieved from Gene Expression Ominbus (GEO) database for the purpose of investigating and identifying potential therapeutic targets for FECD. Using GEO2R tool, 2654 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 1763 upregulated and 881 downregulated genes, for annotating FECD pathogenesis pathways. We conducted gene enrichment analysis with the aim of identifying the pathways associated with FECD disease. Further, a total of 61 FDA approved eye care drugs were docked with the identified biomarkers. Selected DEGs functional annotations show the involvement of several FECD related biological processes and pathways. Our findings unravel potential biomarkers including HLA-DRA, CSF1R, TNFRSF11B, COL4A1, etc. through GO, KEGG analysis, and Protein Protein Interaction (PPI). Molecular docking of 61 FDA-approved eye care drugs was performed and Naphazoline, Infigratinib, Lifitegrast, Netarsudil, Verteporfin, and Hyaluronic drugs were identified as repurposable candidates. The findings from this study could offer novel insights to the molecular mechanism of FECD and the identified drugs could play a significant impact on the treatment and prevention of FECD.
Critical priority third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in antibiotic- free retail meat
Authors: Fuga Bruna , Neves Ingrith , Fontana Herrison , Bispo Jessica , Sano Elder , Cardenas-Arias Adriana , Esposito Fernanda , Cardoso Brenda , Ienne Susan , Sellera Fábio P. , Lincopan Nilton
Published: August 2024

Contamination of food by critical priority third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli poses a significant risk to consumers, potentially leading to foodborne illnesses, silent colonization, and/or antibiotic resistance dissemination. In this study, we report the microbiological and genomic features of ESβL/pAmpC-producing E. coli in conventional (CN) and antibiotic-free (AF) retail meat samples sold in different markets in São Paulo city. Nine representative chicken isolates were investigated by whole-genome sequencing. E. coli ST38 (CTX-M-2), ST350 (CMY-2), ST2179 (CTX-M-8), and ST2040 (CTX-M-55) clones were identified in meat samples from CN, and E. coli clones ST57 (CMY-2), ST117 (CTX-M-55), ST443 (CTX-M-2), ST15579 (CTX-M-8), and ST3258 (CTX-M-55) from AF farming systems. Resistomes to other clinically relevant antibiotics, hazardous heavy metals, disinfectants, and herbicides, were also predicted; whereas a broad virulome was detected in E. coli ST2040 and ST350. High-risk lineages ST38 and ST117 were identified in frozen meat from CN and AF, respectively, whereas phylogenetic analysis revealed relationship with poultry clones previously identified in the United States of America and Brazil. Our findings add new perspectives to current epidemiological knowledge regarding the occurrence of ESβL/pAmpC-producing E. coli in the meat industry, reinforcing the need for genomic surveillance of WHO critical priority pathogens in different rearing systems.
On the continuation of quasi-periodic solutions of rotor systems with fluid-film bearings
Authors: Mereles Arthur , Alves Diogo , Cavalca Katia
Published: August 2024

Fluid-film bearings have widespread use in many rotating machines, mainly due to their low friction, high load capacity and ease of manufacture. However, these bearings generally display a self-excited phenomenon, labeled oil-whirl or oil-whip, the latter being known to be more dangerous. In perfectly balanced rotors, this phenomenon can be seen as a Hopf bifurcation, where limit cycles emerge as a parameter is varied in the system, which in this case is the shaft speed. As unbalance is included in the system, the limit cycles turn to quasi-periodic or periodic orbits, depending on the relation between the rotating speed and frequency of the cycle. This quasi-periodic solution can be seen as occurring on a $N$-dimensional torus. This work presents a continuation method to obtain invariant tori of rotors with fluid-bearings subjected to unbalance. The basis of the approach is to use a multidimensional harmonic balance method (MHBM) adopting the shaft speed and the frequency of the limit cycle as harmonic components to estimate the torus function and continue the solution using the pseudo arc-length scheme. The method is valid for obtaining both stable and unstable quasi-periodic solutions, and it is evaluated by comparing the responses with transient simulations and an open-source numerical continuation package (MATCONT). The contribution of this work lies in presenting a new tool to analyze quasi-periodic motions of rotors with unbalance and fluid instability, as well as demonstrating the effect of external excitation on the limit cycles of the autonomous system.
Perceived healthiness leading to unhealthy Snacking among early adolescents in an urban municipality area of Sri Lanka: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Thrimavithana Amali Maheshika
Published: August 2024

Snacking prevalence in all age groups has increased across the globe over the years. Adolescents are a vulnerable population for unhealthy snacking and can be the ideal target group for early nutrition interventions for behavioral changes.
Objective: To assess the snacking behavior, its determinants and its association with nutritional status among students of Grade 6–9 in schools of Galle Municipality area.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 540 early adolescents in Grades 6–9 of Government schools in Galle Municipality area, recruited using multistage cluster sampling. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. Associations were assessed using Chi-square test.
Results: The prevalence of snacking in the sample was 96.1% and the prevalence of unhealthy snacking was 22.2%. Snacks were taken 1–2 times a day in 81.8%. Snacks were chosen by themselves (38.5%) and in 50.2% the reason was the perceived “healthiness” of the snacks. The evening was the preferred snacking time (49.1%), the context was teatime (62.8%), followed by watching TV (43.0%). The popular snacks were biscuits (43.7%), chips (31.9%) and pastries (22.2%). Nearly 90% replaced main meals with a snack. Significant associations of unhealthy snacking snacking at tea time (p = 0.032) were found. Associations were not significant between unhealthy snacking and gender, parental education status or other contextual factors such as place of stay, and mode of travelling (p > 0.05). The association of Nutritional status and unhealthy snacking was not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusions and recommendations: Snaking behaviour is common among almost all adolescents. Unhealthy snacking is less prevalent and shows associations with income and availability/use of pocket money for snacks. Nutrition interventions should be conducted focusing on adolescents as well as families to change unhealthy snacking behavior.