bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Interpersonal Defense Theory and Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy and Their Views of Sharon’s Case
Authors: Westerman Michael A.
Published: August 2021

This paper compares the approaches to Sharon’s case presented in two articles that appear earlier in this module, my paper (Westerman, 2021a), which was based on Interpersonal Defense Theory, and the paper by Critchfield, Dobner-Pereira, and Stucker (2021a), which was based on Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT). I begin by considering differences in general between the ways in which these two perspectives approach case formulation. I then turn to comparing the formulations of Sharon’s case based on the two perspectives. Among other things, this part of the paper contrasts IRT’s focus on copy processes and the Gift of Love with Interpersonal Defense Theory’s focus on functionalist processes that involve the temporal organization of the parts of noncoordinating defensive interpersonal patterns. The second half of the paper compares the treatment implications of the two approaches in general terms and as they relate to Sharon’s case in particular. Implications for treatment are discussed regarding both insight-oriented interventions and enacted interventions at the level of therapy relationship processes.
How Do We Decide Which of Two Case Formulations Is Correct? Commentary on Westerman and Critchfield et al.
Authors: Messer Stanley B.
Published: August 2021

This commentary takes a meta-view of the articles in this module by Westerman (2021a), and by Critchfield, Dobner-Pereira and Stucker (2021a), which offer two overlapping but also different formulations of the same case. It raises the question of whether there is only one true formulation of a clinical case (correspondence theory), or whether any one of several would qualify as accurate (coherence theory). A third alternative is that the truth-value of a formulation is a function of its ability to predict which therapist interventions will most help the client (pragmatic theory). A study is described in which the relative accuracy of two different formulations of the same case was put to the test in predicting which therapist interventions led to client progress. I propose that the current authors compare the pragmatic value of their formulations in a similar manner.
Philosophical Considerations and Research Ideas About Comparing the Two Approaches: Messer’s Comments Point the Way Forward
Authors: Westerman Michael A. , Critchfield Kenneth L.
Published: August 2021

In his commentary, Stanley Messer (2021) posed the question of whether it is possible to evaluate the relative merits of different case formulation approaches to psychotherapy. He went on to maintain, based on the pragmatic theory of truth, that it is possible to compare different case formulation approaches, and pointed to a program of research that he and his collaborators conducted as an example for possible future research (Collins & Messer, 1991; Holland, Roberts, & Messer, 1998; Messer, Tishby, & Spillman, 1992; Tishby & Messer, 1995). In this reply, we express our appreciation for Messer’s remarks, with which we agree in large measure, and attempt to highlight and build upon some of the points he made. We discuss Dewey’s (1896) classic critique of the reflex arc concept to point out other ways the philosophical perspective of pragmatism supports the view that different approaches to therapy are not incommensurate. We also offer a number of suggestions for future research comparing psychotherapy based on Interpersonal Defense Theory and IRT, or any two case formulation approaches to therapy. At many points, our suggestions follow along the lines of Messer’s research. We also emphasize the value of case formulation-based studies, not only with regard to research comparing approaches to treatment, but for investigating other issues about therapy as well.
The Adjudicated Case Study Method, Part 2: Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Fishman Daniel B.
Published: August 2021

This article introduces readers to the present PCSP issue on the "adjudicated case study method." This method employs concepts from the law for evaluating qualitative information to determine the truth of statements about human psychology and behavior, including causal statements about psychotherapy outcome. Two models of the adjudicated case study method, which were originally presented in PCSP in 2011, are covered: Ronald Miller’s "Panels of Psychological Inquiry" (PPI), and Arthur Bohart’s "Research Jury Method." The issue concludes with a Commentary by Robert Elliott, Susan Stephen, and Anna Robinson.
The emulsifying stability of soy hull polysaccharides with different molecular weight obtained from membrane-separation technology
Authors: Yang Lina , Wu Xinghui , Zhao Li , Wang Ziyi , Zhu Danshi , Wang Shengnan , He Yutang , Liu He
Published: August 2021

Polysaccharides are macromolecules used for food development, and their further separation into different molecular weights allows their broader application in the food industry. Here, we performed microwave-assisted ammonium oxalate extraction of soy hull polysaccharide (SHP; MASP), followed by their separation and purification using membrane-separation technology and analyses of the emulsifying stability and MASP mechanism at different molecular weights. Additionally, we compared the composition and structural differences in SHP components and evaluated the separation and grading-emulsification stability properties of the membrane-emulsified components. The results showed improved emulsification stability properties of high molecular weight SHPs that had been separated and purified by membrane separation, with the formed emulsion exhibiting a high degree of viscosity, uniform particle-size distribution, smaller particle size, less interfacial tension, and a high Zeta potential. Moreover, the chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of SHP were different.
Two occurrences of fractional actions in nonlinear dynamics
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Fractional theories have gained recently an increasing interest in dynamical systems since they offer some solutions to a number of puzzles in particular nonconservative and dissipative issues. Most of fractional dynamical theories are formulated by means of one occurrence of action that group kinetic energy and potential energy in one single package. In this work, we introduce a modified fractional dynamics based on the occurrence of two independent actions where fractional and nonfractional Euler–Lagrange equations are mixed together. We show that their combination divulge some properties that offer new insights in nonlinear dynamics. In particular, it was observed that a large family of solutions that could be used to model dissipative systems may be derived from the action with two occurrences of integrals. Moreover, damping systems may be obtained by means of simple Lagrangian functionals.
The crystal structure of 3,3′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(1-ethenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dichloride – dichloromethane – water (1/1/1), C19H24Cl4N4O1
Authors: Song Wenqi , Yang Miaoxiu , Qian Liwei , Miao Zongcheng
Published: August 2021

C19H24Cl4N4O1, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.5930(4) Å, b = 12.0814(5) Å, c = 12.2430(5) Å, α = 69.805(2)°, β = 75.2820(10)°, γ = 86.733(2)°, V = 1153.07(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0411, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1053, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(methane-1,1-diyl)bis(3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), C13H22F12N4P2
Authors: Liu Xin-Ting , Nie Xu-Liang , Chen Shi-Shun , Wu Su-Qin , Xiong Wan-Ming
Published: August 2021

C13H22F12N4P2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 25.252(3) Å, b = 8.3297(9) Å, c = 23.268(2) Å, β = 116.271(1)°, V = 4388.7(8) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0661, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2191, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(μ2-6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate-κ3N,O:O)-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2N,O)lead(II) – N,N-dimethylformamide – water (1/2/4), C54H58N6O16Pb2
Authors: Tai Xi-Shi , Liang Lei , Li Xiang-Tao , Cao Shu-Hua , Wang Li-Hua
Published: August 2021

C54H58N6O16Pb2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.4690(6) Å, b = 12.9374(6) Å, c = 13.2303(7) Å, V = 1341.90(15) Å3, α = 63.395(5)°, β = 74.291(5)°, γ = 69.113(5)°, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0284, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0484, T = 150 K.
Practices of discursive urban place-making in Brooklyn, New York: (hidden) digital and embodied discourse
Authors: Busse Beatrix
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates practices of urban discursive place-making in selected neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York. I investigate the forms and functions of hitherto neglected multimodal data – semiotic landscapes written on the body, (hidden) Wi-Fi Service Set Identifiers, that is, SSIDs or Wi-Fi names, and #Brooklyn Tweets – and how I have compiled these into a corpus. The corpus currently consists of multivariate data including – among others – ca. 1.3 million words of semi-structured interviews with Brooklynites, ca. 8,000 photographs of the semiotic landscapes in Brooklyn, New York, and ca. 47,000 Wi-Fi SSIDs. The aim of this paper is to show which semiotic forms and constructions of both Wi-Fi SSIDs and #Brooklyn Tweets take on foregrounded practices of so-called discursive urban-place-making and how these interact in the various neighborhoods of Brooklyn and in the virtual spheres related to them. I will show how these practices carry the potential for (re-)indexing specific social values of an urban neighborhood or even the borough itself and how Brooklynites and others comment on the respective neighborhoods. They position themselves in the social, cultural, political, and economic spheres of urbanity. The mixed-methods approach draws on corpus linguistic, sociolinguistic, and stylistic methodology.
Proof Discontinuities and Civil Settlements
Authors: Spottswood Mark
Published: August 2021

This Article explores settlement incentives under three different burden of proof rules. The conventional burden of proof is a discontinuous step-function, jumping from no damages to full damages at the 0.5 jury confidence level. Continuous burdens of proof, by contrast, would permit sanctions to steadily increase as juror confidence rises from 0 to 1, with no discontinuity. Linear burdens, which have received extensive attention in prior literature, escalate sanctions steadily across the whole range of confidence levels, while the logistic burden takes a nonlinear form.

Using a data simulation approach guided by the empirical realities of American civil litigation, I consider the incentives that each of these rules creates for parties contemplating settlement, using a model in which parties make divergent forecasts of their expected outcomes at trial due to optimism bias. Based on this analysis, I conclude that a linear burden would likely raise our settlement rate by a modest amount, except in very large cases and in “easy” cases, in which an unbiased person would predict that a trial factfinder would have a level of confidence in liability quite close to either zero or one. I also compare the expected error rate of the settlements that each rule produces, and find that the linear rule modestly lowers the expected error rate of settlement overall, although this benefit does not hold for easy cases or those with very high damages. Lastly, I conduct a similar analysis for the logistic burden, finding that it induces a similar quality and quantity of settlements as we currently achieve using conventional burdens.
Supramaximal Interval Running Prescription in Australian Rules Football Players: A Comparison Between Maximal Aerobic Speed, Anaerobic Speed Reserve, and the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test
Authors: Collison Jay , Debenedictis Thomas , Fuller Joel T. , Gerschwitz Ryan , Ling Tayla , Gotch Lochlan , Bishop Brenden , Sibley Lauren , Russell Jed , Hobbs Amy , Bellenger Clint R.
Published: August 2021

Collison, J, Debenedictis, T, Fuller, JT, Gerschwitz, R, Ling, T, Gotch, L, Bishop, B, Sibley, L, Russell, J, Hobbs, A, and Bellenger, CR. Supramaximal interval running prescription in Australian Rules Football players: A comparison between maximal aerobic speed, anaerobic speed reserve and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3409–3414, 2022—Accurate prescription of supramaximal interval running during Australian Rules Football (AF) preparatory periods is important to facilitate the specific targeting of physiological and neuromuscular adaptation. This study compared the variability in supramaximal interval running performance prescribed by proportion of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), and 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT) terminal speed. Seventeen male junior AF players first completed assessments of MAS, ASR, and 30-15IFT in a randomized order. They subsequently performed supramaximal interval running trials (15 seconds on: 15 seconds off until volitional exhaustion) at 120% MAS, 20% ASR, and 95% 30-15IFT in a randomized order. Variability in time to exhaustion (TTE) for each prescription method was calculated as the mean of the square root of the squared difference between the individual value and the mean value, and it was compared via repeated-measures analysis of variance with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Time to exhaustion during supramaximal interval running was not different between the prescription methods (p = 0.58). Time to exhaustion residuals were reduced when prescribed by ASR compared with MAS (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.47; 29%); however, confidence intervals about this reduction indicated that there was some uncertainty in this finding (SMD = −1.03 to 0.09; p = 0.09). Trivial differences in TTE residuals were present when prescribed by 30-15IFT compared with MAS (SMD = −0.05 ± 0.59; p = 0.86). Although there was some uncertainty about the reduction in supramaximal interval running performance variability when prescribed by ASR compared with MAS, the 29% reduction exceeds the inherent error in TTE efforts (i.e., ∼9–15%) and may thus be considered practically meaningful. Reducing supramaximal interval running performance variability ensures similar physiological demand across individuals, potentially facilitating similar degrees of physiological adaptation.
“Not Altogether Ridiculous”
Authors: Zhang SJ
Published: August 2021

Spanning a long literary history, from 1742 to 1934, this essay argues for the military epaulette as an important material signifier through which the arbitrary nature of rank and colonial authority was revealed and challenged. This essay connects the anxieties attending the introduction of epaulettes in newly nationalized European armies to the historical and rhetorical impact of such uniforms on depictions of so-called Black chiefs, including Toussaint Louverture, Lamour Derance, and Nat Turner. In the context of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century slave revolts and imperial and colonial war fronts, this otherwise semiotic feature of the military uniform was a catalyst for a particular kind of confrontation over authority of signification in the tug-of-war between rank and race. This essay tracks a consistent rhetoric of violence and ridicule in these confrontations as they appear in histories, novels, and plays. In the work of Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, William Wells Brown, and Martin Delany, attempts to read epaulettes produce a violent form of colonial desire that is only permitted when couched in the rhetoric of ridicule and the ridiculous. The essay’s final pages turn to the first half of the twentieth century, when the still violent stakes of subverting the uniform persist through an ambivalence stemming from the literal and figural “costuming” of the Black chief.
Dialogic Reading and the Development of Transitional Kindergarten Teachers’ Expertise with Dual Language Learners
Authors: Matera Carola , Lavadenz Magaly , Armas Elvira
Published: August 2021

This article presents highlights of professional development efforts for teachers in Transitional Kindergarten (TK) classrooms occurring throughout the state and through a collaborative effort by researchers from the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) at Loyola Marymount University. The article begins by identifying the various statewide efforts for professional development for TK teachers, followed by a brief review of the literature on early literacy development for diverse learners. It ends with a description of a partnership between CEEL and the Los Angeles Unified School District to provide professional development both in person and online to TK teachers on implementing Dialogic Reading practices and highlights a few of the participating teachers. This article has implications for expanding the reach of professional development for TK teachers through innovative online modules.
Project-Based Learning for English Learners: Promises and Challenges
Authors: O’ Brien Gisela , Lavadenz Magaly , Armas Elvira
Published: August 2021

In this article the authors explore project-based learning (PBL) as an avenue for meeting the needs of English learners against the backdrop of both the 2010 California Common Core State Standards and the 2012 English Language Development Standards. They begin with a definition and brief history of PBL. The authors then propose and expanded version of PBL that considers the unique linguistic needs of ELs and conclude with two promising examples from two California school districts.
Rigorous and Meaningful Science for English Learners: Urban Ecology and Transdisciplinary Instruction
Authors: Armas Elvira , O'Brien Gisela , Lavadenz Magaly , Strauss Eric
Published: August 2021

This article describes efforts undertaken by two centers at Loyola Marymount University—the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) and the Center for Urban Resilience (CURes)—in collaboration with five southern California school districts to develop and implement the Urban Ecology for English Learners Project. This project aligns with the 2018 NASEM report call to action to (1) create contexts for systems- and classroom-level supports that recognizes assets that English Learners contribute to the classroom and, and (2) increase rigorous science instruction for English Learners through the provision of targeted program models, curriculum, and instruction. The article presents project highlights, professional learning approaches, elements of the interdisciplinary, standards-based Urban Ecology curricular modules, and project evaluation results about ELs’ outcomes and teachers’ knowledge and skills in delivering high-quality STEM education for ELs. The authors list various implications for teacher professional development on interdisciplinary instruction including university partnerships.
Neonatal occlusion by strangulation of the caeco-appendix in a type I omphalocele of aitken: rare case
Authors: Gogan Boris MVLS
Published: August 2021

The omphalocele constitutes a embryofoetopathy which exposes the newborn to multiple complications including digestive one. We report the case of a newborn with Aïtken type I omphalocele under tanning according to the Grob method having secondarily presented a neonatal occlusion. Surgical exploration found a tight neck of 4 cm with a sac containing the ascending colon and the strangulated caeco-appendix at the level of the neck. We proceed to the reduction of the handles. We also noted on exploration, an arrangement of the handles in an incomplete common mesentery. He underwent an appendectomy then a provision of the slender handles on the right and the colon on the left according to the LADD procedure with closure of the abdominal cavity in one step. The operative consequences were simple after a follow-up of 6 months.
Falar, ouvir e ler
Authors: Monteiro Carla Cristina Fernandes , Viana Fernanda Leopoldina Parente
Published: August 2021

Na atualidade, é inquestionável o papel da linguagem oral para a aprendizagem da leitura e para a competência comunicativa. No entanto, a promoção da competência comunicativa oral não tem recebido, por parte da investigação, a mesma atenção do que a leitura. Este estudo descreve, de forma sucinta, um programa de promoção do desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa oral (CCO) – Comunicação e expressão oral: falar, ouvir e ler no ensino básico –, destinado ao 7º ano de escolaridade, e apresenta os resultados do estudo empírico que analisou o impacto da sua aplicação durante um ano letivo, em duas escolas públicas do Norte de Portugal. Foi utilizado um design quase-experimental, envolvendo uma amostra de 122 participantes. Para a avaliação dos efeitos do programa, foi utilizada a Grelha de Registo, observação e avaliação da competência comunicativa oral (GROACCO), que avalia as habilidades verbais, paraverbais e não verbais que compõem a CCO, com base em uma escala Likert de 5 pontos (de 1 = Fraco a 5 = Excelente). Os resultados das análises estatísticas (MANCOVA e ANCOVA) mostram que o grupo experimental apresenta ganhos significativamente superiores aos do grupo de controlo, quer nos três domínios que integram a CCO, quer no score total.
Compreensão de textos de diferentes tipos por crianças da Educação Infantil
Authors: Queiroz Jacqueline Travassos de , Spinillo Alina , Melo Lianny
Published: August 2021

O estudo investigou a compreensão oral de textos narrativos, expositivos e argumentativos em crianças da Educação Infantil. O objetivo principal foi examinar se o nível de compreensão variaria em função do tipo de texto e identificar a natureza das dificuldades experimentadas pelas crianças em relação ao estabelecimento de inferências em cada um desses textos. Trinta crianças (média de idade de 5 anos e 8 meses) foram solicitadas a responder perguntas de natureza inferencial (causal e estado) sobre cada um dos textos que lhe foram lidos. Verificou-se que o nível de compreensão variava em função dos textos, visto que as crianças tinham mais facilidade em compreender o texto narrativo que os demais textos. Por outro lado, apresentaram o mesmo nível de dificuldade no texto expositivo e argumentativo. A principal dificuldade identificada foi em relação à compreensão das relações de causalidade no texto expositivo. Implicações educacionais são discutidas no sentido de promover intervenções precoces para desenvolver a compreensão oral de textos antes mesmo que a criança saiba ler. Essa implicação confere à Educação Infantil papel relevante no desenvolvimento de habilidades linguísticas que são preditoras da compreensão leitora em anos escolares subsequentes.
Laboratório de processamento visual e a pesquisa com rastreamento ocular
Authors: Vansiler Nair Daiane de Souza Sauaia , Pereira Francine Baranoski , Klein Angela Ines
Published: August 2021

Pesquisas utilizando o rastreamento ocular vêm ganhando o cenário brasileiro em diferentes áreas do conhecimento motivadas pelo interesse em compreender o processamento cognitivo através dos movimentos oculares. Neste estudo, são apresentadas pesquisas desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Processamento Visual (LabPV) da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – campus Ponta Grossa - nas diversas áreas do conhecimento que utilizam o rastreamento ocular como metodologia de pesquisa. São três pesquisas de Doutorado, quatro pesquisas de Mestrado e também quatro de Iniciação Científica, cujos resumos serão apresentados neste texto. Além disso, este artigo pretende divulgar o LabPV, descrevendo a sua constituição, suas características físicas, além de exemplificar algumas ferramentas de visualização de dados tratados por meio de dados de pesquisas sobre movimentos oculares lá realizadas.
What research can tell us about the interaction between dyslexia and bilingualism
Authors: Amaral Juliana do , Azevedo Bruno de
Published: August 2021

Dyslexia is a reading difficulty of neurological basis which is often associated to a deficit at the phonological level of reading – but not restricted to it. In this review, we sought to identify relevant research conducted on the interaction between dyslexia and bilingualism in the last twenty years. For this purpose, eleven studies were selected from CAPES Journals Portal. Results of these studies reached contrasting conclusions, some indicating a continuum of dyslexic traces across the languages, while others emphasized the role of interacting factors such as orthographic depth and language granularity modulating the manifestations of dyslexia in each language. The implications of these findings for education are also discussed.
Evidências de validade e normas de desempenho na Tarefa de Escrita de Palavras e Pseudopalavras (TEPP) para estudantes do 4º e 6º anos
Authors: Rodrigues Jaqueline de Carvalho , Pereira Lisiane França Garcia Franquilin , Salles Jerusa Fumagalli de , Corso Helena Vellinho , Corso Luciana Vellinho
Published: August 2021

Este estudo apresenta o desempenho de alunos do 4º e 6º anos na Tarefa de Escrita de Palavras e Pseudopalavras (TEPP). Analisaram-se evidências de validade baseadas na relação com critério (correlação com idade, e comparação de grupos por ano de escolaridade e sexo), validade convergente por meio de correlações da TEPP com o Ditado Balanceado e com o Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve Infantil NEUPSILIN- Inf, além de apresentar dados normativos para alunos de 4º e 6º anos do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram 181 estudantes de escolas públicas, sendo 55,8% meninas, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos. Identificaram-se maiores escores para os estudantes mais velhos e de maior escolaridade, além de maiores escores das meninas em algumas medidas da TEPP, reforçando a validade de critério do instrumento. A TEPP mostrou estar relacionada com medidas de ortografia, atenção, memória, funções executivas, linguagem e habilidades aritméticas, demonstrando evidências de validade convergente. São apresentados os dados normativos da TEPP, considerando os dois anos escolares dos participantes, contribuindo para os profissionais que utilizam este instrumento na prática clínica, como também no âmbito educacional.
Estudo piloto de validação do conteúdo e da confiabilidade de uma tarefa de uso da estratégia de predição leitora aplicada a estudantes do ensino fundamental
Authors: Baretta Danielle , Borges Caroline Bernardes , Neves Patricia de Andrade
Published: August 2021

Considerando a importância das estratégias de leitura para o processo de compreensão leitora, elaborou-se um instrumento para examinar o uso da predição leitora por alunos do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar o processo realizado para a validação do conteúdo e da confiabilidade dessa tarefa de uso da predição leitora aplicada a alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para a validação de conteúdo, realizou-se um painel de juízes que avaliaram o instrumento quanto à pertinência conceitual, à clareza, à adequação da linguagem, e à forma de apresentação. A validade de conteúdo foi verificada também por meio da análise das respostas dos estudantes. Para examinar a confiabilidade do instrumento, verificou-se a consistência interna dos itens. Os resultados indicaram que houve validade de conteúdo pela análise dos juízes e das respostas dos alunos. Constatou-se também a confiabilidade da tarefa por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A partir dessa validação, considerou-se possível a aplicação do instrumento a uma amostra maior e mais representativa.
Ultrapassando os limites entre o natural e o cultural
Authors: Andrade Isadora Rodrigues de , França Aniela Improta
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo revisar o panorama atual e abrangente sobre a base neurocognitiva da aquisição da leitura. Mesmo sendo a leitura uma atividade estabelecida a partir de pressões socioculturais, resultado de processos custosos de aprendizagem explícita e instrução formal, a literatura indica que seu aprendizado se dá sob cognições naturais, de forma análoga a que acontece no processamento auditivo dos sinais da fala. Aqui, discutimos tais perspectivas, buscando sinalizar como essas descobertas da neurociência e da psicolinguística podem e devem impactar o ensino de leitura tornando essa aprendizagem cada vez mais efetiva, de modo a contribuir para a construção da autonomia e da cidadania do indivíduo.
La mujer en las estructuras del poder político en Cuba: cifras y contexto normativo (1974-2021)
Authors: Guzman Hernández Teodoro Yan , Prieto Valdés Amanda Laura
Published: August 2021

La representación de las mujeres en las estructuras de poder en Cuba constituye una muestra de su empoderamiento después del triunfo de la Revolución, pero, ¿existen mecanismos para favorecer la presencia de la mujer en algunas estructuras del sistema político cubano? ¿Logra similar representación y potencial influencia la mujer en el órgano supremo del Estado que en la fuerza dirigente superior del Estado y de la sociedad? El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar aquellas particularidades del sistema político y de la ley electoral en Cuba que han condicionado la representación femenina, así como su real influencia política en determinados órganos estatales y en las estructuras del Partido Comunista, desde la década de 1970 a la fecha. Para ello se realiza un análisis histórico-lógico del empoderamiento político de la mujer y a través del análisis estadístico, se compara la posición de la mujer en diferentes estructuras de poder, sobre la base de la interpretación de aquellas normas jurídicas que ilustran la relevancia política de determinados órganos y estructuras del Estado y del partido, respectivamente.
Difficulties in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus in a Systemically Compromised Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boza Oreamuno Yadira V. , Mora Abarca Fiorella
Published: August 2021

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that presents as bilateral, symmetrical oral lesions with three main clinical presentations: reticular, atrophic, and erosive. It is clinically characterized by pain, burning sensation, and discomfort for sufferers. Currently OLP is classified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. It has been associated with numerous systemic connotations such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, thyroid diseases, psychosomatic ailments, chronic liver disease, and gastrointestinal diseases. Diagnosis is made by clinical and histological examinations. It is a non-curable disease, the treatments are applied seeking the reduction or disappearance of the associated pain, as well as improving the clinical appearance of erosive-ulcerative lesions. The objective of this work was to present through a clinical case the difficulties in the treatment of OLP in a systemically compromised patient, highlighting the comprehensive assessment of the same, failed pharmacological therapies, until the symptomatology diminished and the patient's quality of life improved.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Capacity of Three Commercially Available Mouthwashes with Different Concentrations of Chlorhexidine
Authors: Chavarría-Bolaños Daniel , Esparza-Villalpando Vicente , Ramírez Karol
Published: August 2021

Chlorhexidine was introduced almost seven decades ago and has a myriad of applications in dentistry. Few studies have evaluated the antimicrobial and antifungal capacity of different concentrations of chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Therefore, the aim of this study, was to evaluate in vitro, the antibacterial and antifungal capacity of three commercially available mouthwashes in Costa Rica, with different concentrations of chlorhexidine, 0.12%, 0.06%, and 0.03%. The experimental method selected was the Kirby-Bauer method to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effect of each compound by measuring the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans strains, exposed to the antiseptic solutions. All samples showed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal effect. Even though we provide in vitro results, our findings are of relevance since all the species used in our experiment are microorganisms that may be present in dental plaque. Our results further support evidence that oral hygiene regimens may include mouthwashes with low doses of chlorhexidine and maintain reasonable antibacterial and antifungal efficacy.
Atomic-precision advanced manufacturing for Si quantum computing
Authors: Bussmann Ezra , Butera Robert E. , Owen James H. G. , Randall John N. , Rinaldi Steven M. , Baczewski Andrew D. , Misra Shashank
Published: August 2021

A materials synthesis method that we call atomic-precision advanced manufacturing (APAM), which is the only known route to tailor silicon nanoelectronics with full 3D atomic precision, is making an impact as a powerful prototyping tool for quantum computing. Quantum computing schemes using atomic (31P) spin qubits are compelling for future scale-up owing to long dephasing times, one- and two-qubit gates nearing high-fidelity thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction, and emerging routes to manufacturing via proven Si foundry techniques. Multiqubit devices are challenging to fabricate by conventional means owing to tight interqubit pitches forced by short-range spin interactions, and APAM offers the required (Å-scale) precision to systematically investigate solutions. However, applying APAM to fabricate circuitry with increasing numbers of qubits will require significant technique development. Here, we provide a tutorial on APAM techniques and materials and highlight its impacts in quantum computing research. Finally, we describe challenges on the path to multiqubit architectures and opportunities for APAM technique development.

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEDINA CONSTITUTION IN MODERN STATE ADMINISTRATION: A THEORETICAL VIEWPOINT
Authors: Ali Yusuf Faisal
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The presence of the Constitution of Medina that was declared by the Prophet Muhammad after His migration did not only manage and organize the internal life of Muslims and unify them with the Jews as well as their allies but also presented a change on social status from stateless society to state society. It addresses an idea that the substance in the Constitution of Media should be overviewed and seen from various aspects of state’s and nation’s life. The purpose of this research is more intended to analyze the political principles in the Constitution of Medina. This study is qualitative with analytical descriptive method from data obtained in the literature. The data is then collected and analyzed inductively and deductively, which is elaborated with constitutional theory. This study resulted that substantially the Constitution of Medina contained the principle of politics that globally included elements of the state formation, model of state, governmental system, and type of power that remained in-progress at Medina based on the existing literatures in governmental science, political science, and developing countries in the whole world. The main aspect revealed in this study concerns the substance and implementation of the Medina constitution in the state administration that is relevant to modern countries that are developing at this time, both sociologically and politically.Abstrak: Kehadiran konstitusi Madînah yang ditetapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad setelah berhijrah, sesungguhnya tidak hanya sekedar menata intern kehidupan kaum muslimin dan mempersatukan di antara mereka dengan kaum Yahudi beserta sekutu-sekutunya, tetapi juga memberikan perubahan status sosial yang mulanya dari masyarakat bukan negara menjadi masyarakat yang bernegara. Ini memberikan gambaran bahwa materi konstitusi Madînah tidak dapat dilihat dari satu sisi atau dua sisi saja, tetapi mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan dalam bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini lebih dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip kenegaraan dalam konstitusi tersebut. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis dari data yang diperoleh secara literatur. Data tersebut kemudian dihimpun dan dianalisis secara induktif dan deduktif, yang dielaborasi dengan teori ketatanegaraan. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa secara subtansial konstitusi Madînah memuat prinsip-prinsip kenegaraan yang secara global meliputi unsur-unsur terbentuknya sebuah negara, bentuk negara, sistem pemerintahan, dan jenis kekuasaan yang berlaku di Madînah pada saat itu sebagaimana yang dikenal dalam kepustakaan Ilmu Negara dan Ilmu Politik, dan juga sebagaimana yang berkembang di negara-negara di dunia. Aspek utama yang terungkap dalam kajian ini menyangkut substansi dan implementasi konstitusi Madînah dalam ketatanegaraan yang relevan dengan negara-negara modern yang berkembang saat ini, baik secara sosiologis maupun politis.
TINGKAT GUGATAN PERCERAIAN ANTARA PASANGAN PERNIKAHAN DINI DI PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Badruzaman Dudi
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household). Marriage life which is a goal that is desired by Islam. However, in reality, to realize these ideal goal, some couples have experience difficulties. If the problem cannot be resolved properly, it will lead to disputes and lead to divorce. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of young marriage and divorce rates and to determine the effect of young marriage on divorce rates at the Antapani Religious Court in Bandung. Sampling in this study used a simple random sampling technique with 30 couples who filed for divorce at the Antapani Religious Court in Bandung. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach, namely descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis. From the results of research that has been carried out that young marriage has a positive and significant effect on the divorce rate at the Antapani Religious Court in Bandung, which means that the younger the age of a person having a marriage, the higher the divorce rate. This will have a negative impact on a person's psychology, neglect of children and so on.Abstrak: Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir dan batin antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal. Kehidupan perkawinan merupakan satu tujuan yang sangat diinginkan oleh Islam. Akan tetapi pada realitanya untuk mewujudkan tujuan yang ideal tersebut sebagian pasangan suami istri mengalami kesulitan. Apabila permasalahan itu tidak dapat diselesai­kan dengan baik, maka akan menimbulkan perselisihan dan berujung pada perceraian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor pernikahan usia muda dan tingkat perceraian serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh pernikahan usia muda terhadap tingkat perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Antapani Bandung. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan 30 pasangan yang mengajukan gugatan cerai di Pengadilan Agama Antapani Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yakni analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan bahwa pernikahan usia muda berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Antapani Bandung. Artinya bahwa semakin muda usia seseorang melakukan pernikahan maka semakin tinggi tingkat perceraian. Hal ini akan berdampak buruk bagi psikologis seseorang, penelantaran anak dan lain sebagainya.
CORAK PEMBARUAN PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM DALAM KONSEP “FIQH SOSIAL” K.H SAHAL MAHFUDH
Authors: Nazar Reza Fauzi
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The social fiqh K.H Sahal Mahfudh is a thought that was born from pesantren tradition. Social fiqh in fact is projected to redesign the stagnated fiqh in pesantren with the nuances of madzhabi fiqh which are considered less responsive to social problems, and to counter-discourse a "going too far" Islamic law contextuality. This paper will examine the Islamic legal thought of K.H Sahal Mahfudh social fiqh regarding the applied epistemology and style of thought. Thepurposes of this research are to obtain the clarity on the concept of K.H Sahal Mahfudh’s Islamic legal paradigm including its background of thought and epistemology. Supported by library research, the gathered information was analyzed with the hermeneutic approachThis research found that the KH Sahal Mahfudh’s  Islamic legal thought is built from two interrelated epistemological reasoning. Firstly, Bayani reasoning which favors textuality. Secondly, Burhani reasoning as the rationality of two school of thoughts, namely Syafi'iyyah and Maliki. K.H Sahal Mahfudh tried to reconcile the authenticity of the text with social reality by extensifying fiqh, elaborating the traditions of Islamic science (fiqh and ushul fiqh) using maqashid reasoning.Abstrak: Fiqh sosial pemikiran K.H Sahal Mahfudh merupakan pemikiran yang lahir dari khazanah tradisi pesantren. Fiqh sosial nyatanya memiliki proyeksi menggagas ulang kejumudan fiqh di kalangan pesantren dengan nuansa fiqh madzhabi yang dianggap kurang begitu menjawab permasalahan sosial. Sekaligus counter-discourse proyeksi kontekstualisasi hukum Islam yang “kebablasan.” Tulisan ini bertujuan meneliti pemikiran hukum Islam Fiqh Sosial K.H Sahal Mahfudh berkenaan epis­temologi dan corak pemikiran yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: mendapat­kan kejelasan konsep paradigma hukum Islam K.H Sahal Mahfudh; mengetahui gagasan konsepsi fiqh sosial K.H Sahal Mahfudh; mengetahui latar belakang pemikiran dan epistemologi K.H Sahal Mahfudh. Metodologi yang digunakan antara lain: pengumpulan data dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research); analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisa data kualitatif dengan analisa data deskriptif interpretatif, yang bertumpu pada titik tolak hermeneutik, Sebuah cara pendekatan yang melihat secara tajam latar belakang obyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa corak pemikiran hukum Islam K.H Sahal Mahfudh terbangun dari dua nalar epistemologi yang saling berkaitan yakni nalar Bayani yang berpihak pada tekstualitas dan Burhani dengan sisi rasionalitas dari dua kubu pemikiran antara Imam Syafi’i beserta para pengikutnya (Syafi’iyyah) dan Imam As-Syatibi (yang berhaluan Maliki). K.H Sahal Mahfudh mencoba mendamaikan otentisitas teks dengan realitas sosial dengan cara melakukan ekstensifikasi fiqh, yakni mengelaborasikan tradisi ilmu keislaman (fiqh dan ushul fiqh) menggunakan nalar maqashid.
“suh won’t we step inna hxr class”
Authors: Oliver Christxpher
Published: August 2021

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Dub Essay #3 - Feminine Hi Fi
Authors: Hi Fi Feminine
Published: August 2021

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Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, 2020
Authors: Robin Cohen , Terlizzi Emily , Cha Amy , Michael Martinez
Published: August 2021

National Health Interview Survey Early Release Program
Nędza kondycji ludzkiej i religia
Authors: Kostyło Piotr
Published: August 2021

Niniejszy esej jest poświęcony różnym aspektom nędzy kondycji ludzkiej i ich odniesieniom do religii, tak jak rozumieli tę kwestię Leszek Kołakowski i Józef Tischner. Po wstępnej prezentacji postaci obu myślicieli autor omawia przykładowe aspekty wspomnianej nędzy, pokazując zarazem, w jakich punktach myślenie Kołakowskiego różniło się od myślenia Tischnera. Kluczową kwestią jest jednak dla autora ewolucja, jaka dokonała się w poglądach na ten temat u każdego z nich z osobna. Ewolucja ta pokazuje, że nie spełniły się nadzieje Kołakowskiego i Tischnera na przezwyciężenie tego, co każdy z nich na swój sposób rozumiał jako nędzę kondycji ludzkiej w polskiej lokalności. Tym samym Polakom nie było dane dojście do uniwersalizmu, postrzeganego przez obu myślicieli w kontekście kultury zachodnio-europejskiej. Stwierdzenie to pociąga jednak za sobą pytanie, co we współczesnej kulturze, a zwłaszcza religii jest lokalne, a co uniwersalne.
The Attitude of The Tablighi Jamaat Toward Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abrar Abrar
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 pandemic, which struck the world globally and rapidly, has caused significant fatalities. The government has implemented strict health protocols to suppress the spread of coronavirus. The reckless attitude of Tablighi Jamaat to hold “ijtima” amidst the massive spread of the virus is considered as an anomaly in preventing the Covid-19 pandemic and contradicts with the Fatwa of MUI (Indonesian Ulama Council) No. 14 of 2020 regarding the Implementation of Worship during Covid-19 Condition. This paper aims to find out the attitude of Tablighi Jamaat toward pandemic from the perspective of ḍarūrah (Naẓariyyat al-Ḍarūrah) theory by Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī. The writer gives a critical note of the arguments expressed by the Tablighi Jamaat and trying to show a more enlightening reconstruction of the fiqh (Islamic law) paradigm. The results of the study show that Tablighi Jamaat is a religious group that does not care about Covid-19. This attitude was triggered by the assumption that the existence of coronavirus is still in doubt. The doubt generates the understanding of fiqh that has not considered the corona issues as the ‘udhr category, which allows rukhṣah and abort the original law (‘aẓīmah), either in mashaqqah or ḍarūrah. The article assumes that the religious group’s narration that ignored the Covid-19 gives its members the feeling of peace and comfort, but it is counter-productive with the attempt to prevent the spread of Covid-19. It is necessary to reconstruct the fiqh paradigm to bring together science and religion, which is marked by the application of religious reasoning and sciences at the same time.
Methodology and Models of Combined Modeling of Electromagnetic Pro-cesses in Electric Traction Systems
Authors: Mishchenko T. M
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The main purpose of the work is the development of identification models and a new method of modeling electromagnetic processes in electric traction systems with simultaneous consideration of all its subsystems, as well as several feeder zones of the electrified section. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the methods of mathematical modelling, the basics of the theory of random processes and the methodology of their probabilistic-statistical processing, the methods for solving integral equations and analysis of electric traction circuits in electric traction systems are used. Findings. The requirements to be met by an adequate, stochastic identification model of electric traction devices are established. The solution of Fredholm’s integral correlation equation of the first kind is performed. The analytical expression of the identification dynamic model of the electric locomotive DE–1 is obtained and its adequacy is checked. The methodology of combined modeling of electromagnetic processes in devices and subsystems of electric traction systems is developed and presented tabularly. Originality. For the first time it is proposed to use the pulse transition function as identification models of traction substation and traction network with electric rolling stock in predictive modeling of electromagnetic and electric power processes in electric traction systems. A new method has been developed, a method of complex modeling of electromagnetic and electric power processes in the system of electric traction with simultaneous consideration of all its subsystems, as well as several inter-substation zones of the electrified section. For the first time, a method of partitioning the correlation functions for solving an integral correlation equation has been proposed, which allows defining a pulse transition function as an identification model of any subsystem of an electric traction system. Practical value. The developed identification models and the method of combined modeling make it possible to predict electromagnetic processes simultaneously in all feeder zones of the electrified section of the electric traction system. The obtained identification model of the electric locomotive DE–1 can be adapted with its subsequent use in modeling processes in the traction circuits of electric locomotives of other types. The method of factorization of correlation functions used in solving the Volterra integral correlation equation of the first kind (convolution type) can be adapted to the solution of other integral equations, which describe the processes in electric traction systems.