bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bone mineral density through radiographic optical densitometry in 42 canine femures
Authors: Dias Bianca Marfil , Souza Anderson F. de , Zoppa André Luis do V. De
Published: December 2020

This study evaluates the bone mineral density of 42 canine femurs using radiographic optical densitometry and validates radiographic optical densitometry as a parameter to standardize bone tissue samples used in biomechanical tests, contributing to the diagnosis of osteoporosis in dogs. The ImageJ 1.46r® program was used for the radiographic optical densitometry. After selecting the aluminum steps and the area of interest in the femur, the data obtained were stored in a table and converted into mm/Al using the MS Excel® trend function. Statistical analysis demonstrated the absence of atypical values (outiliers) in the samples analyzed. The samples evaluated were homogeneous and the densitometric data obtained may contribute to reducing the scarcity of densitometric references in the veterinary literature. Ex vivo biomechanical studies may benefit from the method used in this study to standardize their sample when evaluating bone mineral density, validating their respective projects
PAULO FREIRE’DE BANKACI EĞİTİM MODELİNE KARŞI PROBLEM TANIMLAYICI EĞİTİM MODELİ
Authors: KANTARCI BİNGÖL Zeynep , AYBAR Özkan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Brezilyalı filozof ve eğitim bilimci Paulo Freire’nin eleştirilerinin hedefindeki “bankacı eğitim modeli” olarak nitelendirdiği geleneksel eğitim anlayışlarına karşı bir öneri olarak sunduğu “problem tanımlayıcı eğitim modeli” incelenecektir. Freire’ye göre anlatıya dayalı geleneksel eğitim anlayışlarında öğretmen anlatan bir özne ve öğrenciler onu sabırla dinleyenler olarak yer alır. Öğretmen, gerçeklikten uzak ve öğrencilerin varoluşsal deneyimlerine yabancı açıklamalarla zihinleri doldurur; öğrenciler ise bu açıklamaları ezberler. Freire’nin tabiriyle öğrenciler, öğretmen tarafından doldurulması gereken bidonlar ya da kaplar gibidir. Bu bidonlar ya da kaplar öğretmen tarafından ne kadar iyi doldurulursa öğretmenin niteliği bir o kadar artar. Böyle bir eğitimde öğretmen yatırımcı, öğrenciler de yatırım nesneleridir. İşte bu karakterinden dolayı Freire geleneksel eğitim anlayışlarını bankacı eğitim modeli olarak nitelendirir ve bu eğitim anlayışının karşısına problem tanımlayıcı eğitim modelini koyar. Problem tanımlayıcı eğitim modelinde öğretmen öğrencilerin arkadaşıdır. Birlikte araştırıp, birlikte öğrenirler. Problem tanımlayıcı eğitim modeli bireysel farklılıkların ön planda olduğu ve hiçbir öğrencinin etnik, ekonomik, dini ve ırksal farklılıklarından dolayı hor görülmediği bir eğitim anlayışıdır. Bu eğitim anlayışında hedeflenen şey; sözcükleri ve dünyayı okuyabilen, eleştirel ve özgür bir şekilde düşünen, düşündüğünü eyleme döken bireyler yetiştirmektir.
3D Crime Scene Investigation
Authors: Dass Gitanjali , Pandoh Nakul , Choudhary Hemanshu
Published: December 2020

There are many advancements are there in the technologies are there and one of the things which have become very famous is the 3D imaging of the technologies. There has been a widespread belief that this system is there. In this system there are different hard levels of the crime scenes that are tackled. There are lots of crime scenes which can be reconstructed. The details are kept mainly in the millimeter based techniques which have been used. The system which is used is called the 3D based imaging system. NASA the one of the famous space technologies which are there is also working in the matter to make the crime scenes to be properly investigated.
Narrativa da vida em fuga na autobiografia de um refugiado sírio
Authors: DOS SANTOS DE SOUZA DANIELE , ZOLIN-VESZ FERNANDO
Published: December 2020

A Guerra Civil na Síria desde 2011 e a crise humanitária de refugiados têm tido destaque no enredo de autobiografias de refugiados sírios no mercado editorial internacional. Este artigo busca analisar o discurso (neo)orientalista na autobiografia Eu venho de Alepo do refugiado sírio Joude Jassouma afim de apresentar possíveis entendimentos sobre os efeitos produzidos sobre o refugiado sírio e a relação Ocidente e Oriente. O estudo do discurso se ampara nas concepções foucaultianas de formação discursiva, enunciado, relações de poder, verdade e poder (FOUCAULT, 2008; 2012). As perguntas que nortearam a pesquisa foram: como o refugiado sírio é apresentado em Eu venho de Alepo? Quais os sentidos produzidos sobre a relação Ocidente e Oriente na referida obra?. Os resultados sugerem que Eu venho de Alepo se afilia à formação discursiva (neo)orientalista na medida em que constrói o Ocidente como o espaço da liberdade e da paz e o Oriente como o espaço da guerra e barbárie. Os efeitos de sentido produzidos são diversos, pois, assim como sistemas de pensamento tais quais o (neo)orientalismo reforçam a violência estrutural e marginaliza outros modos de vida, a questão do refúgio pode incentivar a solidariedade voluntária.
Imagens de si e emoções em Stupeur et Tremblements, de Amelie Nothomb
Authors: Aiala de Mello Renata
Published: December 2020

Com este trabalho, visamos investigar a estrutura textual e discursiva de uma obra literária específica da escritora belga Amélie Nothomb, a saber, Stupeur et tremblements, publicada em 1999. Para a consecução desse objetivo, selecionamos, como área de conhecimento para o aporte teórico, a Análise do Discurso em suas interfaces com os estudos da Retórica. Nessa confluência, valemo-nos, sobretudo, de categorias analíticas tais como gênero, ethos,pathose estereótipo. Com a ajuda desse instrumental, é possível discutir a problemática que envolve a obra, que é, ao mesmo tempo, considerada um romance, uma autobiografia ou até mesmo uma autoficção. Em gêneros como esses, o conceito de ethostorna-se importante, na medida em que a tônica da narrativa recai sobre as identidades da autora, da narradora e da personagem principal. Como qualquer enunciação literária, a obra de Nothomb busca tocar seu leitor. Por essa razão, o conceito de pathosauxilia nos estudos não só das emoções presentes na obra, mas também daquelas visadas no leitor instituído. Por fim, a noção de estereótipo, ligada a noções de saberes de crençae imaginários socio-discursivos, nos permite contextualizar mais e melhor a obra em seu espaço-tempo.
Breves reflexões sobre o percurso de vida e a identidade de uma escritora francesa da Idade Média: estudo de caso
Authors: Machado Ida Lucia
Published: December 2020

Resumo: Neste artigo, propomos uma reflexão sobre o conceito de identidade, tomando por base uma narrativa lírica de Marie de France. Esta mulher viveu/escreveu, possivelmente, na segunda metade do século XII, na corte de Henrique II, na Inglaterra: iremos propor alguns comentários sobre sua vida e sobre essa corte. Servindo-nos de uma tradução para o português do Lai du Chèvrefeuille, abordaremos alguns dos imaginários sociais e culturais que circulavam na época da escritora e que condicionam seus escritos, que consideramos como narrativas líricas. Ocupar-nos-emos sobretudo do conceito de identidade, aplicando-o tanto ao indivíduo Marie France, como também aos personagens ou sujeitos de papelpor ela criados no supracitado lai. Nosso objetivo principal é o mostrar que a importância do estudo da identidade e como ele se adequa à interpretação de textos literários.
Design of Feature Extraction in Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) using Color and Texture
Authors: Sakhare Swati V. , Nasre Vrushali G.
Published: December 2020

Retrieval of images based on visual features such as color, texture and shape have proven to have its own set of limitations under different conditions. Various techniques have been implemented using these features like fuzzy color histogram, Tammura texture etc. In this paper we propose a novel method with highly accurate and retrieval efficient approach which will work on large image database with varied contents and background.
Edge Preserved Image Compression Technique Using Wavelet and Edge Based Segmentation
Authors: Joseph A.Benjamin , Baskaran Dr. R.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new approach of edge preserving and edge based segmentation for compression of images using Modified Fast Haar wavelet transform (MFHW) and Bit Plane Encoder to elevate the compression ratio with high picture quality. The edges of an image are preserved to increase the PSNR, and then the detected edges are used to segment the foreground and background images. The Foreground of the image is given more importance than the background images. A wavelet transform is used to extract the redundant information at low frequency and a matching Bit Plane encoder is used to code the segments of the image at different quality levels. The Proposed method highly preserves quality of the foreground image. Normal compression algorithms will not preserve the high frequency details such as edges, corners etc., in this method edges are preserved and used for segmenting the layers of the original image. The two level Fast haar Wavelet transform is used to decompose the image at different frequency levels, which has high multi-resolution characteristics. The proposed method increases both the compression ratio and PSNR.
Improved Genetic Algorithm Based Classification
Authors: N Keshavamurthy B. , Khan Asad Mohammed , Toshniwal Durga
Published: December 2020

Classification is the supervised learning technique of data mining which is used to extract hidden useful knowledge over a large volume of databases by predicting the class values based on the predicting attribute values. Of the various techniques, the most widely talked ones include decision tree, probabilistic model and evolutionary algorithms. Recently, the probabilistic and evolutionary techniques are most worked upon, because of the fact that probabilistic models yields high accuracy when there is no attribute dependency in the existing problem and evolutionary algorithms are used to obtain optimal solution over a large search space very quickly when there is less information known about a problem and problem posses attribute dependency. Though there are tradeoffs in each model still there are scopes to improve upon the existing. The proposed approach improves the evolutionary technique such as genetic algorithm by improving the fitness function parameters. Also, in this we compare the genetic algorithm results with Naïve Bayes algorithm results. For the experimental work we have used the nursery data set taken from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.
An Overview on Properties, Parameter Consideration And Design of Meandering Antenna
Authors: Ambhore V. B. , Dhande A. P.
Published: December 2020

Meander line antenna (MLA) is an electrically small antenna. Electrically small antennas pose several performance related issues such as narrow bandwidth, high VSWR, low gain and high cross polarization levels. In this paper overview on properties, parameter consideration and design of MLA is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed for USB based application. The antenna performance parameters are optimized to achieve reasonably wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, VSWR < 2 and an Omni directional radiation pattern. Moreover, the current distribution and the effect of the ground plane size on the altered MLA are discussed in this paper.
Groundwater investigations in the Hattar industrial estate and its vicinity, Haripur district, Pakistan: An integrated approach
Authors:   Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD), COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, Nisar Umair B , Khan Muhammad J ,   Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan, Imran Muhammad ,   Dept. of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan, Ehsan Siddique A ,   Dept. of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan, R Khan Muhammad ,   Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, Farooq Muhammad ,   Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, Ahmad Ashfaq ,   Dept. of Computer Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan, Qazi Hummad H ,   Innovative Eng. Research Alliance, Universitie Teknologi, 14 Malaysia, Malaysia, Rashid Naim ,   Dept. of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan, Manzoor Tareq ,   Energy Research Centre, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
Published: December 2020

The Hattar industrial estate in the Haripur district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, is investigated for the groundwater potential and aquifer vulnerability using vertical electrical sounding (VES) data, borehole logs, and hydrochemical analysis. A total of eight VES points were acquired in the Haripur region using Schlumberger configuration. The interpreted VES models are further constrained by four borehole logs to delineate comprehensive information of the thin lithological layers, subsurface layers configuration, and spatial extent in the area. A quantitative interpretation based on the VES and the borehole data suggests six main subsurface layers: (i) soil cover, (ii) gravel, (iii) clay, (iv) clay with gravel, (v) silty-clay, and (vi) sand with boulder in the study area. A fence diagram is also generated to provide a detailed paleo-depositional model of the subsurface layers. The interpreted VES data is utilized to compute aquifer thickness, longitudinal conductance, and transverse resistance within the study area. The lateral extent and protective capacity for the aquifer were inferred from these measurements. The aquifer thickness is relatively low in the central and eastern parts ranging from 10 m to 11 m. The longitudinal conductance map shows values greater than 2 mhos from the central region to northern one. This is indicative of moderate to good protective capacity for the aquifer and is less vulnerable to infiltration of Hattar industrial polluted fluid. However, the values less than 0.19 mhos in the southwest and east are indicative of weak protective capacity with risk of contamination. The hydrochemical analysis of the surface and subsurface water is carried out at eleven locations to identify the water quality within the study area. The chemical analysis of the water shows the presence of the high concentration of magnesium, bicarbonate, and chlorine away from the World Health Organization (WHO) standard.
Strains in Offshore US Dollar Funding during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Barajas Adolfo , Deghi Andrea , Fendoglu Salih , Xu Yizhi
Published: December 2020

This note analyzes recent trends in offshore US dollar funding markets and explores the drivers of dollar funding costs during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Preliminary evidence suggests that only part of the sharp increase in observed dollar funding costs can be attributed to the standard supply- and demand-side factors analyzed in the October 2019 Global Financial Stability Report
(GFSR), including the dollar funding fragility of non-US global banks. Changes in market structure since the global financial crisis, as well as heightened uncertainty and tensions in the commercial paper market, may provide further explanations for the movements in dollar funding costs in late March 2020. The US Federal Reserve’s swap line arrangements have helped lessen strains in dollar funding markets, but funding pressure remains significant for some emerging market economies, notably those with-out access to the swap lines. Furthermore, tighter dollar funding conditions appear to have accompanied increases in financial stress in the home economies of affected non-US global banks and to have generated adverse spill-over effects in the form of cutbacks in cross-border lending.
Dolor sacroilíaco: Epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Correa-Illanes Gerardo
Published: December 2020

El dolor sacroilíaco es una causa generalmente subdiagnosticada de dolor lumbar, que afecta del 15% a 30% de los pacientes con dolor lumbar bajo crónico no radicular. La articulación sacroilíaca (ASI) recibe continuo stress durante la bipedestación y marcha, siendo estabilizada por estructuras ligamentarias, capsulares y miofasciales fuertes, que reciben una abundante inervación. Destaca la dificultad en el diagnóstico del dolor sacroilíaco; debido a su naturaleza heterogénea. éste se debe sospechar en todo paciente con síndrome de dolor lumbar no radicular, unilateral y no central. El examen físico debería descartar patología de cadera y columna lumbar. La realización de maniobras de provocación del dolor sacroilíaco aporta en el diagnóstico, teniendo la combinación de 3 o más maniobras positivas una sensibilidad de 85% y especificidad de 79%. Se ha recurrido a inyecciones diagnósticas con anestésicos locales, tanto intraarticulares como de ligamentos circundantes. El tratamiento del dolor sacroilíaco es multimodal e individualizado para cada paciente. El tratamiento conservador –basado en terapia física y antiinflamatorios no esteroidales– es la terapia de primera línea. Las infiltraciones esteroidales tanto intra como extraarticulares pueden proveer alivio en un grupo de pa-cientes con inflamación activa. La denervación de los ramos dorsales laterales con radiofrecuencia ha mostrado ser un tratamiento exitoso en pacientes con dolor sacroilíaco, logrando 6 meses a 1 año de alivio del dolor. En pacientes con dolor refractario, la fusión de la articulación sacroilíaca es una opción, prefiriéndose la técnica mínimamente invasiva de fijación trans-sacroilíaca.
Role of salicylic acid in heat stress tolerance in tri-genomic Brassica napus L.
Authors: Awais Ghani Muhammad , Mehran Abbas Muhammad , Ali Basharat , Ziaf Khurram , Azam Muhammad , Anjum Romana , Iqbal Qumer , Nadeem Mubashar , Noor Anam , Jillani Uzma
Published: December 2020

Tri-genomic Brassica napus L.wasdeveloped by the cross between Brassica napusand Brassica nigra. The crop is animportant source of vegetable seed oil in Pakistan,after cotton. The low oilseed rape yield is attributed to high temperature in the production zones. Interspecific hybridization using these two speciescan be helpful to produce heat resistant hybrids. On the other hand, it has been found that foliar application of different plant growth regulators can be used to reduce the heat stress in Brassica. The objectiveof this studywas to test the response of three different tri-genomic hybrids to high temperature stressat seedling stage. Seedlings were foliar sprayed with 0.13 mM salicylic acid (SA) prior to exposure tohigh temperatureat two true leaf stage. The plants were harvested after 30 days of sowing for growth and biochemical analysis. Plants ofV38 showed the highest values for all morphological traits and biochemical activities among the threehybrids. In general, plants exposed to the temperature stress exhibited a significant decline in growth, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity.Foliar application of SA significantly improved leaf and root biomass under heat stress.Further, antioxidativeenzyme activities significantly increased in response to SA either compared to control or to plants exposed to temperature stress.It is concluded thatapplication of salicylic acid elevated activity of antioxidative enzymes and was helpful in mitigating the detrimental effects of high temperature inoil seed rape.
Susceptibility of fungi, mainly chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae sard.), to gamma irradiation in the faba bean crop (Vicia faba l.)
Authors: Aguilar-Luna Jesús M. E. , López-López Salvador , Loeza-Corte Juan M.
Published: December 2020

Fungi causeconsiderable losses in the faba bean crop in many regions of the world. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the susceptibility of faba bean to fungi, mainly chocolate spot, and its effect on yield, using seeds exposed to gamma irradiation. Faba bean seeds were cultivated in three regions: Hidalgo, Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico; the seeds were irradiated with a dose rate of 4.90 Gy·min-1using a Gammacell 220 irradiator. The irradiation doseswere 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 250 and 350 Gy of gamma rays with 60Co radioisotopes. The irradiated seeds showed acceptablegermination (75.70 %)without visible damages,and survival was 53.62 % until 118 days after sowing. When unirradiated seed was used, the susceptibility of the crop could reach 60 % and the disease severity up to 34 %, with a disease progress rate of 0.006 units·day-1. The 40 Gy dose offered the best response to control the disease; up to 58.80 g of dry weight was obtained for every 100 seeds and a production of 4,442 kg·ha-1. In faba bean crop, up to 77 % of the variation in yield was due toseverity of fungi, mainlythe chocolate spot.
Pengaruh Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Terhadap Tren Indek Saham Sektoral
Authors: Lusia Dwi Ayu , Darmanti Darmanti
Published: December 2020

The spread of Covid-19 since April 2020 has had a high number of cases and / or number of deaths and this can spread to various regions and countries. So that the Indonesian government issued a large-scale social restriction regulation. This will have an impact on sectoral aspects in Indonesia. Therefore this study was made with the aim of knowing the effect of Covid-19 on the sectoral stock index trend and how it affects them. The data used are monthly data on sectoral stock index prices (11 sectors) from January 2010 to March 2020 (before covid-19) and April to October 2020 (ongoing covid-19). Based on a comparison between the regression coefficients before and the onset of Covid-19, it can be seen that the sectors not affected by Covid-19 are basic industry, consumer industry, development, finance, manufacturing, other industries, property and trade. The absence of covid-19 influence on the sector is evidenced by the existence of a slice between the regression coefficients between before and during covid-19. The agriculture, infrastructure and mining sectors were affected by Covid-19. The infrastructure sector has experienced a trend change from rising to being stagnant. Meanwhile, the agricultural and mining sectors experienced a trend change from down to up.
Benefits of and Best Practices for International Experiences for College Students: A Synthesis of the Literature
Authors: Lane Katy , Murphrey Theresa
Published: December 2020

Implementation of international experiences for students has increased. Anecdotal evidence suggests that these experiences enhance the quality of students upon graduation. However, a synthesis of literature related to the benefits of international experiences was lacking. We rooted the study’s conceptual framework in the concept of high-impact activities/experiences and related inputs, processes, and outcomes with a focus on the benefits of student participation in an international experience. Our purpose was to establish a benchmark documenting research conducted related to the benefits of an international experience and to identify research gaps. The rigorous literature review process identified 108 articles published across 55 unique publications for inclusion. Documentation of benefits was grouped into four categories: personal growth, international knowledge, cultural awareness, and additional skills. Further, the literature revealed a litany of reasons that students chose not to participate and a wide range of guidance for program planning. We conclude that research has documented specific benefits of students’ participation in international experiences; however, many of these studies are based on data collected immediately following the experience rather than longitudinal data. Our research synthesis provides a summary of benefits and program strategies for utilization by researchers in planning future research and by practitioners in planning future international experiences. Keywords: study abroad, international experience, benefit, cultural understanding, benchmark
A new intermittent regime of convective ventilation threatens the Black Sea oxygenation status
Authors: Capet Arthur , Vandenbulcke Luc , Grégoire Marilaure
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Black Sea is entirely anoxic, except for a thin (∼ 100 m) ventilated surface layer.
Since 1955, the oxygen content of this upper layer has decreased by 44 %.
The reasons hypothesized for this decrease are, first, a period of eutrophication from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s and, second, a reduction in the ventilation processes, suspected for recent years (post-2005).
Here, we show that the Black Sea convective ventilation regime has been drastically altered by atmospheric warming during the last decade.
Since 2009, the prevailing regime has been below the range of variability recorded since 1955 and has been characterized by consecutive years during which the usual partial renewal of intermediate water has not occurred.
Oxygen records from the last decade are used to detail the relationship between cold-water formation events and oxygenation at different density levels, to highlight the role of convective ventilation in the oxygen budget of the intermediate layers and to emphasize the impact that a persistence in the reduced ventilation regime would bear on the oxygenation structure of the Black Sea and on its biogeochemical balance.
On the Role of Volcanism in Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Svensson Anders
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A significant influence of major volcanic eruptions on regime shifts and long-term climate variability has been suggested previously. But a statistical assessment of this has been hampered by inaccurate synchronization of large volcanic eruptions to changes in past climate. Here, this is achieved by combining a new record of bipolar volcanism from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores with records of abrupt climate change derived from the same ice cores. We show that at > 99 % confidence bipolar volcanic eruptions occurred more frequently than expected by chance just before the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger events, the most prominent large-scale abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period. Out of 20 climate change events in the 12–60 ka period, 5 (7) occur within 20 (50) years after a bipolar eruption. Thus, such large eruptions may act as short-term triggers for large-scale abrupt climate change, and may explain part of the variability of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles.
Design flood estimation for global river networks based on machine
learning models
Authors: Zhao Gang , Bates Paul , Neal Jeffrey , Pang Bo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Design flood estimation is a fundamental task in hydrology. In this research, we propose a machine learning based approach to estimate design floods globally. This approach mainly involves three stages: (i) estimating at-site flood frequency curve for global gauging stations by the Anderson-Darling test and Bayesian MCMC method; (ii) clustering these stations into subgroups by a K-means model based on twelve globally available catchment descriptors, and (iii) developing a regression model in each subgroup for regional design flood estimation using the same descriptors. A total of 11793 stations globally were selected for model development and three widely used regression models were compared for design flood estimation. The results showed that: (1) the proposed approach achieved the highest accuracy for design flood estimation when using all twelve descriptors for clustering; and the performance of regression was improved by considering more descriptors during the training and validation; (2) a support vector machine regression provide the highest prediction performance among all regression models tested, with root mean square normalised error of 0.708 for 100-year return period flood estimation; (3) 100-year design flood in tropical, arid, temperate, cold and polar climate zones could be reliably estimated with the relative mean relative biases (RBIAS) of −0.199, −0.233, −0.169, 0.179 and −0.091 respectively; (4) This machine learning based approach shows considerable improvement over the index-flood based method introduced by Smith et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015814) for the design flood estimation at global scales; and the average RBIAS in estimation is less than 18 % for 10, 20, 50 and 100-year design floods. We conclude that the proposed approach is a valid method to estimate design floods anywhere on the global river network, improving our prediction of the flood hazard, especially in ungauged areas.
ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF UAV SFM MVS PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING: SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Berra E. F. , Peppa M. V.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Interest in Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-sourced data and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View-Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry has seen a dramatic expansion over the last decade, revolutionizing the fields of aerial remote sensing and mapping. This literature review provides a summary overview on the recent developments and applications of light-weight UAVs and on the widely-accepted SfM - MVS approach. Firstly, the advantages and limitations of UAV remote sensing systems are discussed, followed by an identification of the different UAV and miniaturised sensor models applied to numerous disciplines, showing the range of systems and sensor types utilised recently. Afterwards, a concise list of advantages and challenges of UAV SfM-MVS is provided and discussed. Overall, the accuracy and quality of the SfM-MVS-derived products (e.g. orthomosaics, digital surface model) depends on the quality of the UAV data set, characteristics of the study area and processing tools used. Continued development and investigation are necessary to better determine the quality, precision and accuracy of UAV SfM-MVS derived outputs.
Wave height return periods from combined measurement–model data: a Baltic Sea case study
Authors: Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Rikka Sander , Alari Victor , Männik Aarne , Tuomi Laura , Pettersson Heidi
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper presents how to account for the lack of sampling variability in model data when they are combined with wave measurements. We addressed the dissimilarities between the types of data by either (i) low-pass filtering the observations or (ii) adding synthetic sampling variability to the model. Measurement–model times series combined with these methods served as the basis for return period estimates of a high wave event in January 2019. During this storm northerly wind speeds in the Baltic Sea rose to 32.5 m s−1 and an unprecedented significant wave height of 8.1 m was recorded in the Bothnian Sea sub-basin. Both methods successfully consolidated the combined time series but produced slightly different results: using low-pass-filtered observations gave lower estimates for the return period than using model data with added sampling variability. Extremes in both types of data followed the same type of theoretical distributions, and our best estimate for the return period was 104 years (95 % confidence 39–323 years). A similar wave event can potentially be more likely in the future climate, and this aspect was discussed qualitatively.
Diurnal cycle of the CO2 system in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Honkanen Martti , Müller Jens Daniel , Seppälä Jukka , Rehder Gregor , Kielosto Sami , Ylöstalo Pasi , Mäkelä Timo , Hatakka Juha , Laakso Lauri
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The direction and magnitude of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and the sea is regulated by their difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Typically, observations of pCO2 are carried out by using research vessels and voluntary observing ships which cannot easily detect the diurnal cycle of pCO2 at a given location. This study evaluates the magnitude and driving processes of the diurnal cycle of pCO2 in a coastal region of the Baltic Sea during the different seasons.We present pCO2 data from July 2018–June 2019 carried out in the vicinity of the island of Utö in the Archipelago Sea and quantify the relevant physical, biological and chemical processes affecting pCO2. The highest monthly median diurnal pCO2 peak-to-peak amplitude (31 μatm) was observed in August. This high diurnal variation was found to be related predominantly to biological processes. The biological transformations of carbon generated a sinusoidal diurnal pCO2 variation, with a maximum in the morning and a minimum in the afternoon. Compared to the biological carbon transformations, the effect of air sea exchange of carbon dioxide and the effect of temperature changes on pCO2 are smaller, with their monthly median peak-to-peak amplitudes were up to 12 and 5 μatm, respectively. Single diurnal peak-to-peak amplitudes can be significantly larger (up to 500 μatm), during upwelling. If the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the sea and atmosphere on our study site and sampling period is calculated based on a data set that consists of only one measurement per day, the error in the budget depends on the sampling time and can be up to ±12 %.
The Alaiz experiment: untangling multi-scale stratified flows over complex terrain
Authors: Santos Pedro , Mann Jakob , Vasiljević Nikola , Cantero Elena , Sanz Rodrigo Javier , Borbón Fernando , Martínez-Villagrasa Daniel , Martí Belén , Cuxart Joan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present novel measurements from a field campaign that aims to characterize multi-scale flow patterns, ranging from 0.1 to 10 km in a time-resolved manner, in a mountainous region in northwestern Spain with a mountain–valley–ridge configuration. We select two flow cases where topographic-flow interactions were measured by five synchronized scanning Doppler wind lidars along a 10 km transect line that includes a cross section of the valley. We observed a hydraulic jump in the lee side of the mountain. For this case, the Froude number transition from supercritical (>1) at the mountain to subcritical (<1) at the valley is in agreement with previous experiments at a smaller scale. For a 1-year period, the measurements show such a transition about 10 % of the time, indicating a possible high occurrence of hydraulic jumps. The second flow case presents valley winds that are decoupled from the northerly flow aloft and show a stratified layered pattern, which is well captured by the lidar scans and complementary ground-based observations. These measurements can aid the evaluation of multi-scale numerical models as well as improve our knowledge with regards to mountain meteorology.
Spanish prepositions and silent PLACE
Authors: Fraga Carolina
Published: December 2020

In this work I investigate the syntax and interpretation of two groups of spatial prepositions in Spanish: “small” Ps (e.g. bajo ‘under’) and “big” Ps (e.g. debajo ‘DE.under’). I show that small versus big Ps display a series of asymmetries, such as the (in)ability to take bare nominals and the (un)availability of coordination and adverb intervention. I propose that these contrasts can be derived under the hypothesis that small Ps select a single nominal complement, whereas big Ps select a more complex Possessor-Possessum structure, where the nominal occupies a specifier position, acting as the possessor of a silent PLACE element. Furthermore, I argue that unifying big Ps (but crucially not small Ps) with possessive structures accounts for the delimited versus non-delimited interpretation of these Ps.
Diseño de políticas de TIC para la educación en el Ecuador: el caso de la Agenda Educativa Digital 2017-2021
Authors: Loja Edgar
Published: December 2020

Las políticas públicas para la inclusión de tecnologías en la escuela, cada vez tienen mayor acogida por los gobiernos. Este artículo, a través del estudio de caso, analiza la etapa del diseño de políticas, concretamente, la formulación de la ``Agenda Educativa Digital 2017-2021'' como instrumento de política pública del Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. El propósito de este estudio, realizado bajo un enfoque de redes y de difusión, es explicar de qué manera se incorporaron los contenidos en este instrumento. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los hallazgos muestran que la formulación de la Agenda Educativa Digital se dio, en gran medida, gracias a la adopción de ``ideas programáticas'' de actores externos, mismas que llegaron al país a través de mecanismos de difusión: coerción, imitación y aprendizaje, y también mediante atajos inferenciales que tomaron los hacedores de políticas.
Textural Characteristics of Barren and Mineralized Colloform Quartz Bands at the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposits of the Omu Camp in Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for Processes Resulting in Bonanza-Grade Precious Metal Enrichment
Authors: Terry Lauren R. , Monecke Thomas , Reynolds T. James , Tharalson Erik R. , Pfaff Katharina , Kelly Nigel M. , Hennigh Quinton T.
Published: December 2020

The Miocene low-sulfidation epithermal deposits of the Omu camp in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan, are small past-producers of precious metals and represent significant exploration targets for high-grade Au and Ag ores. The quartz textures of ore samples and the distribution of ore minerals within quartz veins were studied to identify the processes that resulted in the bonanza-grade precious metal enrichment in these deposits. In the high-grade vein samples, which are crustiform or brecciated in hand specimen, ore minerals exclusively occur within colloform quartz bands. High-magnification microscopy reveals that ore-bearing colloform bands consist of fine-grained quartz exhibiting relic microsphere textures and quartz having a mosaic texture that formed through recrystallization of the microspheres. The presence of relic microspheres is evidence that the microcrystalline quartz hosting the ore minerals formed through recrystallization of a noncrystalline silica precursor phase. The ore-hosting colloform bands composed of agglomerated microspheres alternate with barren colloform quartz bands that are composed of fibrous chalcedonic quartz and mosaic quartz formed through recrystallization of the chalcedony. The findings of this study are consistent with previous models linking bonanza-grade precious metal enrichment and the formation of bands of noncrystalline silica in low-sulfidation epithermal veins to episodic vigorous boiling or flashing of the hydrothermal system in the near-surface environment.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 9, No. 6
Authors: Sun Susan
Published: December 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 9, No. 6
Section 9 Earth retaining structures
Authors: Matthewson M. B. , Wood J. H. , Berrill J. B.
Published: December 2020

Seismic design of bridges
GPR survey to reveal a possible tectonic tilt of the Brežice Sava River Terrace in the Krško Basin
Authors: Zajc Marjana , Poljak Marijan , Gosar Andrej
Published: December 2020

It has been supposed that the Brežice Sava River Terrace (BSRT) is tectonically disturbed near the town of Brežice and tilted to the north. To confirm this tectonically induced tilt in a quantitative sense, low-frequency Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) was applied. A total of eight GPR profiles were recorded across the BSRT providing information of the lower boundary of the terrace, which consists of loose to poorly cemented Quaternary gravel, while its Tertiary basement consists of poorly cemented carbonaceous silt (marl). The premise of the study was the assumption that this lithological boundary could be detected by the GPR method. In addition to the upper surface of the BSRT being tilted to the north by 0.18°, GPR profiles also showed a 0.04° difference in the tilt between the upper surface of the terrace and its lower boundary with the basement, which we assigned to the sin-sedimentary tilt. Upon this information, a cumulative tectonically induced dip of the BSRT lower boundary was defined at 0.22
Abejas y Covid-19: una regulación jurídica necesaria
Authors: Giménez-Candela Marita
Published: December 2020

La abejas llevan siglos sobrevolando los textos jurídicos. De hecho, son los únicos animales a los que los Códigos continentales dedican una atención específica y cuyo régimen jurídico ha permanecido inalterado, a pesar de los muchos cambios que se han producido en el entorno social, económico y biológico de nuestro planeta. La progresiva desaparición de las abejas junto a la profunda crisis que ha provocado el coronavirus, obliga a plantearse una nueva visión de la salud personal y colectiva, en la que la protección de la biodiversidad es ineludible. Los insectos polinizadores son clave para el mantenimiento de la salud del planeta y del equilibrio de los ecosistemas. De ellos depende nuestra alimentación y el mantenimiento de la salud, en gran medida. Este trabajo, quiere sentar las bases para una nueva consideración de las abejas en el ámbito jurídico. La UE es consciente de que la legislación relativa es insuficiente y obsoleta. Más protección de las abejas, equivale a mejor protección de la salud.
Armar al pueblo en defensa del rey: las milicias contrarrevolucionarias y realistas en Europa (1789-1830)
Authors: París Martín Álvaro
Published: December 2020

La salida del Antiguo Régimen europeo se produjo en un contexto de guerra civil en el que los sectores populares establecieron una nueva relación con la política. El papel jugado en este proceso por las milicias contrarrevolucionarias y realistas ha recibido una atención considerablemente menor que la de sus homólogas revolucionarias. Tras ofrecer una visión de conjunto sobre el escenario europeo, nos centraremos en el análisis de tres de estos cuerpos creados durante las restauraciones de Nápoles (1799), Francia (1815) y España (1823). A partir de estos estudios de caso, trataremos de ofrecer una perspectiva comparada sobre la participación política a través de las armas en los movimientos contrarrevolucionarios europeos.
As contribuições do estágio supervisionado para a formação profissional
Authors: Silva Givanildo Da , Silva Alex Vieira da , Santos Inalda Maria dos
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do texto é apresentar reflexões sobre o estágio supervisionado na formação inicial e continuada dos estudantes de Pedagogia, tendo como referência o estágio em gestão escolar na Universidade Federal de Alagoas. A metodologia esteve pautada em uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, sendo esta última constituída pelas fichas de avaliação dos estudantes que realizaram o estágio supervisionado em gestão escolar. Como resultados, foi possível compreender o estágio como campo formativo para os estudantes, sendo composto de diferentes etapas e experiências. No caso da avaliação dos estudantes, ficou evidente que as propostas planejadas, atendendo às demandas da instituição, não foram vivenciadas devido à gestão escolar não estar de acordo, causando reflexões para os envolvidos.
Vidas negras importam? A urgência de pensar a educação antirracista frente aos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Da Silva Costa Fernanda Carla , Martins Viviane Lima
Published: December 2020

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) declarou como pandemia a COVID-19, doença infecciosa que se espalhou pelo mundo, tornando-se necessárias diretrizes de contenção para redução de sua transmissão.  O impacto dessas medidas foi sentido em âmbito gerais, intensificando a crise político-econômica em boa parte do mundo, o que tornou mais visível as desigualdades sociais, fruto de questões de raça, gênero e classe. Nesse momento, fontes de informação passam a mostrar as consequências disso, a partir do assassinato de George Floyd, nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), morto em maio do mesmo ano, por um policial branco, através de asfixia, emergindo, assim, uma série de protestos antirracistas e contra violência policial. No Brasil, esses protestos se juntam a tantos outros casos em debate, como o do menino João Pedro de 14 anos, morto em uma operação policial no complexo do Salgueiro (RJ). Isso tudo, acende debates em torno do racismo, colocado, tantas vezes, como prática vinculada a falta de informação e educação. A partir dessas colocações, questionamos: por que precisamos pensar o antirracismo no contexto da educação na pandemia e no pós-pandemia? Para além, buscamos refletir, a partir de uma base metodológica de revisão de literatura, sobre o racismo e a educação e suas ligações intrínsecas com várias facetas da vida cotidiana e das necessidades do antirracismo como ferramenta de enfrentamento das desigualdades.
Pandemia, as reinvenções educacionais e o mal-estar docente: uma contribuição sob a ótica psicanalítica
Authors: Pachiega Michel Douglas , Milani Débora Raquel da Costa
Published: December 2020

A pandemia causada pela Covid-19 impôs ao sistema educacional muitos ajustes e alterações e, com isso, trouxe aos educadores novas formas de adaptação, gerando sofrimento mental e físico. Diante disso, a partir da psicanálise, este trabalho visa refletir sobre o mal-estar docente e seus sintomas frente às mudanças da prática pedagógica durante a pandemia. Para tanto, utilizamos a pesquisa teórica para compor as reflexões aqui apresentadas, haja vista pesquisas anteriores já terem demonstrado que o mal-estar e seus sintomas estão presentes, em maior ou menor grau, na vida de educadores. Concluímos que é necessário repensar as formas das relações transferenciais entre aluno-professor, refletir sobre o papel do sujeito-suposto-saber e rever as condições em que a Educação pode ser praticada, ampliando as possibilidades docentes concernentes às tecnologias, à quebra de paradigma e às inovações educacionais do século 21. Após a pandemia e em pesquisas posteriores é importante a ampliação dessa temática.
Ensino de língua portuguesa com a mediação das tecnologias digitais em tempos de pandemia
Authors: De Oliveira Raquel Mignoni , Corrêa Ygor
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, cujo objetivo é mostrar práticas educativas com uso de tecnologias digitais (TDs), de modo a compreender as potencialidades e as fragilidades do uso delas no Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Para isso, apresenta-se um relato de experiência sobre o uso de ferramentas digitais na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa para três turmas de 8º ano, durante dois trimestres de 2020, do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola da rede privada de ensino, situada na cidade de Caxias do Sul - RS, durante um período da pandemia de COVID-19. Neste horizonte, quatro ferramentas digitais foram utilizadas: (i) Publisher; (ii) Meme Generator- imgflip; (iii) Mentimeter e (iv) Quizlet. O estudo revelou que as TDs, enquanto mediadoras do conhecimento, apontam para mudanças significativas na postura do professor e dos alunos em relação aos processos de aprender e ensinar no ERE, tendo permitido identificar potencialidades e fragilidades, no que se refere ao uso das ferramentas tecnológicas digitais adotadas.
A inventividade na Educação Básica em tempos de pandemia: aprendizados da sala (virt)atual
Authors: Almeida Leia Raquel , Spagnolo Carla
Published: December 2020

Este artigo, que teve como objetivo refletir sobre as múltiplas aprendizagens no espaço da sala de aula produzida através das tecnologias digitais, é resultado de uma pesquisa-formação realizada numa escola privada, com oito professores de Ensino Fundamental e Médio. Por conta da pandemia, as aulas presenciais foram transpostas para plataformas online – um ambiente virtual que substituiu, por tempo indeterminado, as aulas presenciais. A metodologia utilizada para produção dos dados foi a escuta sensível e reflexiva aos docentes através do Círculo Dialógico Investigativo-Formativo, o qual aconteceu de maneira virtual. Os resultados, que tiveram como base o conteúdo gravado e transcrito, foram analisados pelos princípios da Análise Textual Discursiva. O teor do diálogo suscita a problematização e a inventividade da educação básica como possibilidades de interação, de empatia, de valorização do esforço e dos saberes docentes, que se configuram como aprendizados neste contexto virtual.