bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the apelin/APJ system in water homeostasis regulation
Authors: Fargieva Kh. R. , Guseinova R. M. , Pigarova E. A. , Dzeranova L. K.
Published: February 2023

Water balance in the body is achieved by balancing renal and non-renal water losses with corresponding water intake. It is under the control of both the central nervous system, which integrates many parameters of water and electrolyte balance in the body, including inducing important adaptive behavioral responses, and three hormonal systems: vasopressinergic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and apelinergic. A lot of research is devoted to the regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism. However, this process is still quite difficult to understand, especially since more and more of its regulators are being discovered over time. One of them is the hormone apelin, an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor. As is known, the receptor is highly expressed in many organs, such as the brain, heart, liver and kidneys, lungs, and has multidirectional effects.

This literature review discusses the main characteristics and features of the regulation of these systems in relation to water-electrolyte metabolism, as well as issues of intersystem interaction and modulation of the effects of apelin.
The FINDRISC scale as a risk assessment tool for liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kuznetsova A. S. , Dolgushina A. I. , Selyanina A. A. , Sokolova T. A. , Olevskaya E. R. , Genkel V. V.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which includes changes from hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Attempts to find noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis have led to a variety of scales, diagnostic algorithms, and imaging techniques. Individual studies have analyzed the relationship between the FINDRISC scale and hepatic steatosis and concluded that this questionnaire can be used as part of population screening to identify individuals at risk for hepatic steatosis. However, our review of the literature did not reveal any clinical studies on the use and effectiveness of the FINDRISC in liver fibrosis screening.

AIM: To evaluate diagnostic value of FINDRISC for liver fibrosis detection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled patients aged 40–60 years from unorganized outpatient population. The sample of patients was formed randomly according to the inclusion and noninclusion criteria. All patients were assessed with standard anthropometric parameters. The FINDRISC questionnaire was used. All patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound examination of the liver and transient liver elastometry. The degree of steatosis was evaluated using Hamaguchi ultrasound scale.

 RESULTS: The study included 100 patients. An increased risk of type 2 DM (≥7 points) was detected in 68% of patients using the FINDRISC scale. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 41% of patients. Median values of hepatic elastic modulus by transient elastometry were 4.50 (4.00; 5.25) kPa. At the same time, liver elasticity modulus values ≥5.9 kPa were registered in 11 (11.0%) patients. When analyzing the array of sensitivity and specificity values using the ROC-curve, it was found that for the FINDRISC scale the maximum LR+ and the minimum LRvalues were observed when the number of points on the indicated scale exceeded 10. At this cutoff, the FINDRISC scale had a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 61.8% for detecting liver fibrosis (liver modulus of elasticity ≥5.9 kPa). The scale was of good diagnostic value (AUC 0.699; 95% CI 0.530–0.815).

CONCLUSION: In an unorganized sample of patients aged 40–60 years the FINDRISC can serve as a diagnostic tool for liver fibrosis and steatosis. Sum of FINDRISC scores >10 allowed to diagnose liver fibrosis (liver elastic modulus ≥5.9kPa) with sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 61.8%. The probability of absence of hepatic fibrosis with FINDRISC scale values <10 was 96.5%.
Cytokines and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the obesity
Authors: Scherbakov V. I. , Skosyreva G. A. , Ryabichenko T. I. , Obukhova O. O.
Published: February 2023

The article presents data of the influence of cytokines of different directions of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. A change of the basic paradigm regarding adipose tissue has contributed to a number of recent discoveries. This concerns such basic concepts as healthy and diseased adipocytes, and, as a consequence, changes of their metabolism under the influence of cytokins. Distinguishing the concept of organokines demonstrates that despite the common features of cytokine regulation, each organ has its own specifics features of cytokine regulation, each organ has its own specific an important section of this concept is the idea of the heterogeneity of adipose tissue. Knowledge of the function of adipose tissue localized in different compartments of the body is expanding. There are date about the possibility of transition of one type of adipose tissue to another. A possible mechanism linking adipose tissue inflammation and the formation of insulin resistance (IR) is presented in this paper. The mechanism of IR development is closely connected with to proinflammatory cytokins disordering the insulin signal, accompanied by a decrease of the work of glucose transporters. A decrease of the income of glucose into cells leads to a change of glycolysis level to an increase of the fatty acids oxidation. Cytokins are able to participate in the process of the collaboration of some cells with others, that occurs both during physiological and pathological process.
Electro-hydrodynamic processes in an electromagnetic silicon crystallizer
Authors: Bazarov Alexander A. , Navasardyan Ashot A.
Published: February 2023

In this publication, the issues of computer simulation of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic processes in an electromagnetic crystallizer mold of a silicon melt of periodic action are considered. The crystallization process proceeds under conditions of additional heating by eddy currents in the melt. The main task of the electromagnetic interaction of currents in the melt and the inductor field is to create a repulsive force to exclude mechanical contact between silicon and the lining surface. When this problem is solved, heat is released in the melt and a vector of forces is formed, which leads to mixing of liquid silicon. These processes affect the transfer of heat between the lower, upper and side surfaces of the cylinder, the shape of which is taken by the melt. To improve the quality of the crystal structure of the ingot, a temperature gradient is formed by controlling heat flows due to the thickness of the lining walls, heating the upper surface and removing heat from the lower base.

The appearance of a perturbing action under these conditions can upset the balance of heat flows and lead to the creation of thermal stresses in the ingot, accompanied by microcracks. Simultaneous modeling of all processes occurring in an electromagnetic silicon crystallizer is currently unrealizable on a personal computer.

When modeling the process of hydrodynamics in the melt, several geometry options were considered, starting from the maximum volume of the liquid phase and ending with a thin upper layer in the upper part. With a conical shape of the inductor, the distribution of the force vector in the melt depends on the axial coordinate, which leads to a significant decrease in the velocity components as the thickness of the liquid phase decreases. The results of the study showed a rapid decrease in the mixing effect as the thickness of the liquid layer of silicon decreases with a slight change in the overall parameters of the crystallization process.
Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Yazan Serkan , Karakurt Hüseyin , Püşüroğlu Hamdi
Published: February 2023

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in middle-aged adults and has been associated with various cardiovascular disorders; endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders in patients with OSA. Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (endocan) is a marker of vascular pathology, which is correlated with endothelial dysfunction. This study investigates the relationship between serum endocan levels and OSA severity in patients with hypertension.

Methods

A retrospective review included 48 patients with OSA and hypertension but without conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and 67 patients with OSA who did not have hypertension. The correlation between serum endocan levels and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was investigated in both groups.

Results

There was a significant correlation between the serum endocan level and the AHI in patients with OSA and hypertension (r = 0.308; P = .033), but there was no such correlation in patients without hypertension (r = 0.193; P = .118). However, when both groups were combined (ie, all patients with OSA), there was a significant correlation between serum endocan levels and the AHI (r = 0.228; P = .014). On multiple logistic regression analysis, endocan levels were independent predictors of OSA severity in patients with OSA and hypertension (P = .029).

Conclusion

In patients with OSA and hypertension, serum endocan levels are significantly correlated with the AHI. Measurement of endocan may have a place in evaluating patients with OSA and hypertension for adverse cardiovascular events, and they may even help to guide OSA therapy for these patients.
The lncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART-1) promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by regulating the miR-204-3p/IGFBP-2 pathway
Authors: Li Kenfen , Zhang Yanping , Wang Yunfeng , Guo Xin , Dai Xianhui , Song Li
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Lung cancer is a common malignant tumour of the lung and the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80–85% of lung cancers, and 40% of NSCLCs have spread beyond the lungs by the time they are diagnosed. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART-1) has been reported to promote the development of several cancers.

Methods

In the current study, we investigated the role of PART-1 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC.

Results

The expression levels of the PART-1 gene were higher in NSCLC cell lines, including A549, H1229, H1650, H1975, and PC9, than in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) cell lines. Knocking down PART-1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of A549 cells and decreased tumour proliferation in nude mice. We confirmed that PART-1 targeted miR-204-3p directly and that miR-204-3p targeted insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) directly. Furthermore, we discovered that PART-1 impacts NSCLC progression by regulating the miR-204-3p-targeted IGFBP-2 pathway.

Conclusions

The lncRNA PART-1 might be a target for treating NSCLC and an early marker in the diagnosis of early lung cancer.
A fast and efficient approach for gene-based association studies of ordinal phenotypes
Authors: Li Nanxing , Chen Lili , Zhou Yajing , Wei Qianran
Published: February 2023

Many human disease conditions need to be measured by ordinal phenotypes, so analysis of ordinal phenotypes is valuable in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, existing association methods for dichotomous or quantitative phenotypes are not appropriate to ordinal phenotypes. Therefore, based on an aggregated Cauchy association test, we propose a fast and efficient association method to test the association between genetic variants and an ordinal phenotype. To enrich association signals of rare variants, we first use the burden method to aggregate rare variants. Then we respectively test the significance of the aggregated rare variants and other common variants. Finally, the combination of transformed variant-level P values is taken as test statistic, that approximately follows Cauchy distribution under the null hypothesis. Extensive simulation studies and analysis of GAW19 show that our proposed method is powerful and computationally fast as a gene-based method. Especially, in the presence of an extremely low proportion of causal variants in a gene, our method has better performance.
Collaborative-Dialogic Practice: Relationships and Conversations That Make a Difference Across Culture and Context: Book Symposium, Part 1
Authors: Anderson Harlene , Gehart Diane R.
Published: February 2023

Often the chasm between people from differing cultures, language, and views seems impossible to navigate, even with the best intentions. Whether you work in a boardroom, schoolroom, therapy room, or community organization, our book Collaborative-Dialogic Practice: Relationships and Conversations That Make a Difference Across Contexts and Cultures (Anderson & Gehart, 2023) offers a humanizing approach to facilitating dialogues that make a difference in our fast-changing, diverse, and ever-shrinking world.
Attitudes, Clinical Practices, and Perceived Advocacy Needs of Professionals With Interests in Personality Disorders
Authors: Ellison William D. , Huprich Steven , Behn Alex , Goodman Marianne , Kerr Sophie , Levy Kenneth N. , Nelson Sharon M. , Sharp Carla ,   The Board of Directors of the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders
Published: February 2023

Experts in personality disorders (PDs) generally prefer dimensional diagnostic systems to categorical ones, but less is known about experts’ attitudes toward personality pathology diagnoses in adolescents, and little is known about public health shortfalls and advocacy needs and how these might differ geographically. To fill these gaps, the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders surveyed 248 professionals with interests in PDs about their attitudes toward different diagnostic systems for adults and adolescents, their PD-related clinical practices, and perceived advocacy needs in their area. Results suggested that dimensional diagnostic systems are preferable to categorical and that skepticism about personality pathology in adolescents may not be warranted. The most pressing advocacy need was the increased availability of PD-related services, but many other needs were identified. Results provide a blueprint for advocacy and suggest ways that professional societies can collaborate with public health bodies to expand the reach of PD expertise and services.
Lowering of Blood Lipid Levels with a Combination of Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Ruping , Chang Chen , Zhong Xingjie , Su Qiang
Published: February 2023

Objectives: According to the findings of randomized controlled trials, blood lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) can be significantly decreased through a combination of pitavastatin and ezetimibe; however, the effects and clinical applications of this treatment remain controversial. This meta-analysis was aimed at objectively assessing the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin and ezetimibe in lowering blood lipid levels.

Design: Relevant studies were retrieved from electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and WanFang Data, from database inception to June 8, 2022. The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients’ serum after treatment were the primary endpoint.

Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (2586 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated that pitavastatin plus ezetimibe resulted in significantly lower levels of LDL-C [standardized mean difference (SMD)=−0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.15 to −0.58), P<0.01], TC [SMD=−0.84, 95% CI (−1.10 to −0.59), P<0.01], and TG [SMD=−0.59, 95% CI (−0.89 to −0.28), P<0.01] than pitavastatin alone.

Conclusions: Pitavastatin plus ezetimibe significantly decreased serum LDL-C, TC, and TG levels in patients with CHD.
Allopregnanolone Effects on Inhibition in Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons
Authors: Lu Xinguo , Lambert Peter , Benz Ann , Zorumski Charles F. , Mennerick Steven J.
Published: February 2023

Allopregnanolone (AlloP) is a neurosteroid that potentiates ionotropic GABAergic (GABAA) inhibition and is approved for treating postpartum depression in women. Although the antidepressant mechanism of AlloP is largely unknown, it could involve selective action at GABAAreceptors containing the δ subunit. Despite previous evidence for selective effects of AlloP on α4/δ-containing receptors of hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs), other recent results failed to demonstrate selectivity at these receptors (Lu et al., 2020). In contrast to DGCs, hippocampal fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons express an unusual variant partnership of δ subunits with α1 subunits. Here, we hypothesized that native α1/δ receptors in hippocampal fast-spiking interneurons may provide a preferred substrate for AlloP. Contrary to the hypothesis, electrophysiology from genetically tagged PV interneurons in hippocampal slices from male mice showed that 100 nmAlloP promoted phasic inhibition by increasing the sIPSC decay, but tonic inhibition was not detectably altered. Co-application of AlloP with 5 μmGABA did augment tonic current, which was not primarily through δ-containing receptors. Furthermore, AlloP decreased the membrane resistance and the number of action potentials of DGCs, but the impact on PV interneurons was weaker than on DGCs. Thus, our results indicate that hippocampal PV interneurons possess low sensitivity to AlloP and suggest they are unlikely contributors to mood-altering effects of neurosteroids through GABA effects.
Insufficient Oligodendrocyte Turnover in Optic Nerve Contributes to Age-Related Axon Loss and Visual Deficits
Authors: Zhi Jun-Jie , Wu Shuang-Ling , Wu Hao-Qian , Ran Qi , Gao Xing , Chen Jing-Fei , Gu Xing-Mei , Li Tao , Wang Fei , Xiao Lan , Ye Jian , Mei Feng
Published: February 2023

Age-related decline in visual functions is a prevalent health problem among elderly people, and no effective therapies are available up-to-date. Axon degeneration and myelin loss in optic nerves (ONs) are age-dependent and become evident in middle-aged (13-18 months) and old (20-22 months) mice of either sex compared with adult mice (3-8 months), accompanied by functional deficits. Oligodendrocyte (OL) turnover is actively going on in adult ONs. However, the longitudinal change and functional significance of OL turnover in aging ONs remain largely unknown. Here, using cell-lineage labeling and tracing, we reported that oligodendrogenesis displayed an age-dependent decrease in aging ONs. To understand whether active OL turnover is required for maintaining axons and visual function, we conditionally deleted the transcription factor Olig2 in the oligodendrocyte precursor cells of young mice. Genetically dampening OL turnover by Olig2 ablation resulted in accelerated axon loss and retinal degeneration, and subsequently impaired ON signal transmission, suggesting that OL turnover is an important mechanism to sustain axon survival and visual function. To test whether enhancing oligodendrogenesis can prevent age-related visual deficits, 12-month-old mice were treated with clemastine, a pro-myelination drug, or induced deletion of the muscarinic receptor 1 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The clemastine treatment or muscarinic receptor 1 deletion significantly increased new OL generation in the aged ONs and consequently preserved visual function and retinal integrity. Together, our data indicate that dynamic OL turnover in ONs is required for axon survival and visual function, and enhancing new OL generation represents a potential approach to reversing age-related declines of visual function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOligodendrocyte (OL) turnover has been reported in adult optic nerves (ONs), but the longitudinal change and functional significance of OL turnover during aging remain largely unknown. Using cell-lineage tracing and oligodendroglia-specific manipulation, this study reported that OL generation was active in adult ONs and the efficiency decreased in an age-dependent manner. Genetically dampening OL generation by Olig2 ablation resulted in significant axon loss and retinal degeneration, along with delayed visual signal transmission. Conversely, pro-myelination approaches significantly increased new myelin generation in aging ONs, and consequently preserved retinal integrity and visual function. Our findings indicate that promoting OL generation might be a promising strategy to preserve visual function from age-related decline.
Theoretical study of structural and optical properties of ZnO in wurtzite phase
Authors:   Department of Exact Sciences, ENS Ouargla, Algeria, Benkrima Y. , Benhamida S. ,   Laboratory of Radiation, Plasma and Surface Physics (LRPPS),Faculty of Mathematics and Material Sciences, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University, Route de Ghardaia, BP n°511, Ouargla 30000 (Algeria), Belfennache D. ,   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria
Published: February 2023

Our calculations are done with the help of density functional theory (DFT). Actually, we could find the structural and optical properties of the wurtzite-type ZnO compound. The pseudo-potential linearised augmented plane wave (PP-LAPW) method is applied to solve the Kuhn-Sham equations. The results are obtained using Both Generalized Gradient Approximation according to the scheme described by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(GGAPBE) and Local Density Approximation according to the scheme described by CeperlyAlder (LDA-CA) approximations as two types of exchange-correlation. The convergence of energy and charge has been checked. This is in order to study the properties of the ground state. It was found that the primary cell constants calculated in the equilibrium state are very close to the previous theoretical works. The general results of optical properties including the imaginary part of the dielectric constant, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, and extinction coefficient of wurtzitephase ZnO under the imposed conditions are discussed and compared with previous works. Our results show new and important optical properties. Besides, we predicted the behavior of transparent conductive oxides in the direction of light
Family care to individuals dependent on alcohol and other drugs
Authors: Soccol Keity Laís Siepmann , Terra Marlene Gomes , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Ribeiro Danilo Bertasso , Silva Cristiane Trivisiol da , Camillo Lucia Amabile
Published: February 2023

This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, which aimed to describe the family care given to the individual dependent on alcohol and other drugs. For data collection we used the interview, open, free and recorded, which was performed in August and September 2011. The 11 subjects were relatives of the individuals dependent on alcohol and other drugs, involved in family groups conducted at the Psychosocial care Center for Alcohol and Drugs. From the content analysis of these interviews, two categories were revealed: care actions in the perception of family caregivers, and care to minimize conflicts in family relations. The way the family takes care of the relative dependent on alcohol and other drugs has the purpose of meeting the physical and emotional demands, as well the interpersonal relationships, as it is concerned with the wellbeing of the chemically dependent relative.
Health professionals and the meaning they apply to women‟s remaining in violent conjugal relationships
Authors: Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Carneiro Jordana Brock , Paixão Gilvânia Patrícia do Nascimento , Santos Jamille Araujo de Sousa , Bettinelli Luiz Antonio
Published: February 2023

The authors aim to investigate the meanings attributed by health professionals working in the Family Health Strategy to women‟s remaining in violent conjugal relationships. The research is based in the method of Grounded Theory. Interviews were held between May and August 2012 with 52 professionals who work in Family Health in a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It is indicated that violence is related to the threats made, to the partner‟s involvement in drug trafficking, to economic and emotional dependence, to the valuing of marriage, to the belief in female submission, and to shame. The professionals indicate the need for strategies in defense of a life free from violence for women: psycho-social support; educational activities regarding the social construction of gender; and articulation of policies based on intersectoriality.
Nursing professionals perceptions on care at a birthing center
Authors: Pieszak Greice Machado , Terra Marlene Gomes , Neves Eliane Tatsch , Pimenta Lizandra Flores , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz
Published: February 2023

The study aims at understanding how the nursing team perceives care during the birth process. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study carried out in the Birthing Center of a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews between August and September 2010 and then exposed to thematic contents analysis. Results suggest that the nursing team values practices that respond to the subjective needs of pregnant women based on human relations, emotions and good advice. It was concluded that the humanization of care is still a challenge for these professionals, however some improvements can be observed. It is recommended that nursing professionals invest in their role as facilitators of the care process in Birthing Centers, based on scientific knowledge aimed at a humanized care.
Care to pregnant women in primary care: report of activities in supervised training
Authors: Barreto Mayckel da Silva , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: February 2023

This is an experience report that describes an academic activity during Interdisciplinary In-training course, which is part of curricular program of the 4th year of the Nursing undergraduate course at a public university of the Paraná Northwest. As evaluation of the internship was elaborated an Action Plan based on the Altadir Method of Popular Planning, about prenatal care, focusing on the most common pregnancy complications. After researching the literature, observations during the internship, study in documents and reports of the health team, revealed was that anemia, followed by urinary complications, gastric and gynecological were pregnancy complications more frequent at the health unit. As a result of acquired knowledge together, several actions were undertaken, with professionals and pregnant women. The activities evidenced the relevance of Interdisciplinary In-training as an agent of the competences consolidation and technical abilities, providing the academic identify problems, develop intervention strategies and operational demands of the action.
The Impact of Special Autonomy on Education and Health Outcomes
Authors: Rumere Victor , Sugiyanto Catur , Sulistyaningrum Eny
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of implementing on special autonomy in Papua on education and health outcomes. The main data are sourced from the 2015 Intercensus Population Survey. Educational outcomes are measured by the highest primary education completed, while the health outcome measure is the level of complaints of sickness. The impact of special autonomy on educational outcomes is analyzed using ordered logistic regression, while the impact of special autonomy on health outcomes is analyzed using ordered logistic regression and instrumental variables. The results of this studycomprise two findings. First, the implementation of special autonomy in Papua has not had an impact on basic education in the province, because education spending made by the regional government in implementing special autonomy in Papua has not been able to compensate for the needs of school -age children in households. Second, the implementation of special autonomy in Papua has a direct and indirect impact on household health outcomes. This shows that the health expendi tures made by the Regional Government in implementing Special Autonomy, through increasing the coverage of communit y health centers throughout Papua, bring benefits that are felt by households in the province.
External Debt and Economic Growth: Evident from South Asian Countries
Authors: Zuhroh Idah , Pristiva Desy
Published: February 2023

External debt is one of the fiscal policies that are still widely used by developing countries as an instrument of development capital. Limited capital in development in developing countries is one of the obstacles to the accelerated development of a country, one of which is in South Asian countries. This study aims to determine the effects of external debt, exports, foreign direct investment (FDI), and exchange rates on economic growth in South Asian countries using panel data in eight countries with a 2005–2019 series. data in the form of panel data from several data sources, including the World Bank, UnctadSTAT, and the Asian Development Bank. The panel data regression method is used to see the effect of external debt and other macroeconomic variables on economic growth as proxied by GDP growth for South Asian countries. The results of the analysis found that external debt, exports, and FDI had a significant positive effect on economic growth in South Asian countries. However, the exchange rate has a significant negative effect on economic growth in South Asian countries. These results imply that external debt is still needed as a policy instrument in development and economic growth in South Asia, with debt management for the allocation of productive activities. As indicated by increasing welfare and national economic growth, external debt management can accelerate development.
Analysis Performance of Tax Effort and Privilege Funds Influencing Economy of Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2014-2019
Authors: Gilang Pangestu Yustiko Arvandero
Published: February 2023

Privileges funds is a fund originating from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget which is allocated to fund special authorities of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine the effect of privileges funds on the economy in the Special Region of Yogyakarta during 2014-2019 as well as to determine the condition of the tax business during the privilege period. The method used in this research is quantitative by using descriptive analysis to analyze data development and regression analysis to analyze the effect of privilege funds on selected indicators. The data used in this research is panel data consisting of time series data for 2014-2019 and cross-section data of five districts / cities in DIY. The dependent variable used in this study are poverty percentage, Gross Regional Domestic Product per capita and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), while the independent variable used in this study is privilege funds. The results of this research indicate that: Tax effort during the Privileges Law era showed an upward trend, the privileges funds has a negative and significant effect on the poverty percentage, the privileges funds has a positive and significant effect on GRDP per capita and the privilegs funds has a positive and significant effect on the GRDP. This study concludes that the role of privilege funds needs to be increase in order to maximize returns to the economy.
Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis of corn stover pellet
Authors: Li Lijie , Niu Wenjuan , Cong Hongbin , Meng Haibo , Niu Zhiyou , Shen Xiuli , Cao Licong , Kong Xianrui
Published: February 2023

The release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the pyrolysis of biomass remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release characteristics by analyzing both the transient vapor products and the physicochemical properties of corresponding biochar from the pyrolysis of corn stover pellets. The results revealed that the transient volatile compounds mainly included phenols, ketones, acids, furans, aldehydes, substances containing benzene ring, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and gaseous products. A range of 2 to 4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generated at 400 to 700 °C with the peak at 560 °C, and the sum of relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 0.23% to 40.36%. For the biochar, the carbonization stage (400 to 700 °C) of corn stover pellets was further divided into three evolutionary stages, including the preliminary carbonization stage (380 to 480 °C), amorphous carbon structure stage (480 to 600 °C), and the stage of dehydrogenation and growth of aromatic rings (600 to 700 °C).The relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release in volatile compounds and H/C ratio of the biochar could be described by a power function.
A dialdehyde starch-based adhesive for medium-density fiberboards
Authors: Neitzel Nicolas , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: February 2023

Bio-based adhesives have gained considerable attention in the last years as more sustainable and healthier alternatives to the formaldehyde-based adhesives used today in wood-based panel manufacturing. In this study, dialdehyde starch (DAS) with various aldehyde contents was prepared by using sodium metaperiodate as an oxidizing agent. Characterizations were performed by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal stability analysis. Different adhesive compositions were used for making medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels. They were based on DAS (12 wt% based on fiber), emulsifiable diphenylmethane diisocyanate (eMDI, 2-4 wt% based on DAS), and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC, 0.5-1.0 wt% based on DAS). Fibers and the adhesive components were mixed with a combination of dry mixing and wet spraying. The physical and mechanical properties of MDF panels bonded with different DAS-based adhesives were compared with those of melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive and sole eMDI. The results showed that the MDF panels made with DAS-MFC-eMDI of 99.52% bio-based content showed comparable properties to standard panels with a commercial MUF adhesive. It was implied that DAS in the presence of small amount of eMDI can create strong bonds with wood fibers, while an additional positive effect on bonding was due to the contact surface enlargement of MFC.
Green solvents in biomass delignification for fuels and chemicals
Authors: Suota Maria Juliane , Corazza Marcos Lúcio , Ramos Luiz Pereira
Published: February 2023

Lignin is considered by many as the ultimate barrier that impedes biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. Several delignification strategies have been developed so far, but alkaline extraction remains the most widely used. However, this technology has a high chemical demand, consumes large amounts of water, and generates effluents that are hard to handle. Organosolv pulping is a good option for such application, but the impact of solvent losses and harmful emissions may be unsustainable. To this end, the use of greener alternatives such as water, biobased solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents, under sub- or supercritical conditions, may pave the road for the development of sustainable biorefineries.
How to make cellulose hate water – “Change it, cover it, confuse it, or accept it as it is
Authors: Hubbe Martin A.
Published: February 2023

In many of its current and potential applications, technologists treat the surface of cellulose to render it more hydrophobic. By use of a variety of hydrophobic sizing treatment strategies, the bulk cellulose phase becomes covered up with a layer having lower polarity and less inclination to interact with water. Often, the goal is to use a relatively low amount of additive to cover up or change just the surface of the cellulosic material, while still benefiting from the strength, recyclability, relatively low cost, and other favorable features of the bio-based material. But what often gets forgotten is that the hydrophilic nature of pure cellulose is not very high, and there are ways to manipulate such characteristics without reacting the material or covering it up. Sometimes reacting the cellulose with hydrophobic substituent groups appears to make it more water-loving. So, when thinking broadly of processing options for new applications, there are several contrasting approaches to consider.
Integration of loan nouns from the Anonymous Catechism (1605) and Daukša’s Catechism (1595) into the morphological system of the Lithuanian language
Authors: Smetonienė Anželika
Published: February 2023

The Catechism of Daukša (1595) is the first source in the Lithuanian language in GDL and, therefore, it has been already investigated: its phonetics, vocabulary, sources and syntax have been exhaustively analysed. Slightly less attention of the researchers has been allocated to the Anonymous Catechism (1605), which is closely linked to the Catechism written by Daukša. Moreover, morphological integration of Slavic loanwords in the aforesaid catechisms has not been analysed so far. This article aims to identify how Slavic loan nouns distribute within the stems of the Lithuanian language and if these sources witness any differences of integrating Slavic loanwords into Lithuanian. Pursuing the set goal, all Slavic loan words were selected from both catechisms: out of 93 nouns found, 35 are witnessed in the Daukša’s Catechism and Anonymous Catechism and their stems and meanings are identified. The nouns are found in almost all the Lithuanian stems: ŏ, i̯ŏ, ā, i̯ā, u, i̯u, i, ē, the ŏ and ā stems being most numerous. Very few Slavic loanwords are assigned to the stems i, u, ē and i̯ŏ. In the dictionaries of the Slavic languages of the relevant period (Old Russian, Ruthenian, Old and Middle Polish), the equivalents of Slavicisms were searched, after comparing them with Lithuanian words, the regularities of the integration of Slavic loanwords into the morphological system of the Lithuanian language were determined in the Anonymous Catechism and the Catechism of Daukša. It was noticed that there is a direct relation between the endings and the gender of the Slavic words and Lithuanian stems that the Slavic loanwords were integrated into.
Word Formation Guide for the general public and specialists
Authors: Murmulaitytė Daiva
Published: February 2023

Word Formation Guide (WFG) – one of the services of the Information System of Resources of the Lithuanian Language E. kalba (E -Language). It is intended to quickly and concisely introduce the means of word formation of Lithuanian nouns and the essential regularities of their formation. This guide is intended for the general public, but may also be useful for the specialists in word formation. The article briefly introduces a fast and detailed data search in the WFG. The quick search provides two ways of searching for means of word formation, focusing on their formal expression or derivative and lexical semantics. The detailed search is designed to search according to several features of the word formation means, base, and the semantics of the derivatives. In this search various combinations of the features are possible. Next, the article discusses several problematic issues that arose during the creation of the WFG data structure and data management. This is the homonymy of means of word formation, the classification of initial and final borrowed (neoclassical and other) formatives of words (prefixes, combining forms etc.) and their place in the word formation system of the Lithuanian language, and in the guide under discussion, experimental separation of (lexical) semantic features. In conclusion, the development possibilities of the Word Formation guide are introduced, not only by increasing the number of examples of noun derivatives and compounds but also by redesigning the current data structure and including the word formation data of other parts of speech.
Pediatric Ethics Consultation Services
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Shostrom Valerie K. , Sharma Shiven , Keegan Amy , Walter Jennifer K.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Although guidelines call for the presence of pediatric ethics consultation services (PECS), their existence in children’s hospitals remains unquantified. This study determined the prevalence of PECS in children’s hospitals and compared the practice environments of those with versus without PECS.

METHOD

The Children’s Hospital Association Annual Benchmark Report survey from 2020 and PECS data were analyzed for the association of PECS with domains of care.

RESULTS

Two hundred thirty-one hospitals received survey requests, with 148 submitted and 144 reachable to determine PECS (62% response rate), inclusive of 50 states. Ninety-nine (69%) reported having ethics consultation services. Freestanding children’s hospitals (28% of all hospitals) were more likely to report the presence of PECS (P <.001), making up 41% of hospitals with a PECS. The median number of staffed beds was 203 (25th quartile 119, 75th quartile 326) for those with PECS compared with 80 for those without (25th quartile 40, 75th quartile 121). Facilities with palliative care, higher trauma ratio, intensive care, and comprehensive programs were more likely to have PECS. Academic affiliation was associated with PECS presence (P <.001). Settings associated with skilled nursing facilities or long-term care programs were not more likely to have PECS. Hospitals designated as federally qualified health centers (P = .04) and accountable care organizations (P = .001) were more likely to have PECS.

CONCLUSION

Although PECS function as formal means to clarify values and mitigate conflict, one-third of children’s hospitals lack PECS. Future research is needed to understand barriers to PECS and improve its presence.
Die Rolle der Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken für die Wissenschaftskommunikation im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Boehlke Fabian
Published: February 2023

Die interne Wissenschaftskommunikation hat sich stark gewandelt und findet im multimedialen Zeitalter nicht selten öffentlich statt. Neue Technologien ermöglichen Forscherinnen und Wissenschaftlern viel umfangreichere Formen der Kommunikation und Kooperation. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, welche bisher zentrale Akteure der internen Wissenschaftskommunikation waren, müssen deshalb ihre Rolle neu definieren. In diesem Text wird zunächst die Problematik beschrieben, mit welcher die wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken im 21. Jahrhundert konfrontiert sind. Anschließend werden mögliche Chancen und Perspektiven für die Bibliotheken vorgestellt.
Schreiben ist nicht schwer, es bringt sogar Spaß!
Authors: Jeorgakopulos Katharina
Published: February 2023

Was ist die häufigste Ausgangslage von Schreibblockaden und was führt zu den typischen Schreibproblemen bei Studierenden? Wissenschaftliches Schreiben ist kein Hexenwerk. Es kann erlernt und reproduziert werden. Und dazu: Schreiben kann über einen wissenschaftlichen Sachverhalt nicht nur Erkenntnisse liefern, sondern großen Spaß bereiten. Anbei ein kleiner Führer, wie man sich das Schreiben von wissenschaftlichen Hausarbeiten erleichtern kann.
Die Auswertung von Radiotranskripten des Norddeutschen Rundfunks (NDR) mithilfe der Programmiersprache Python
Authors: Boehlke Fabian
Published: February 2023

Die Programmiersprache Python ist multifunktional. Unter anderem lassen sich mit ihr große Textmengen sprachlich und inhaltlich auswerten. Im Rahmen des Seminars Wissensorganisation 2 im Sommersemester 2022 sollten wir auf Grundlage von Python einen selbst zusammengestellten Textkorpus in zwei Teilprojekten inhaltlich auswerten und klassifizieren. Im Folgenden werden beide Teilprojekte kurz vorgestellt.
Old Mosque in a Religious City: Masjid Jami’ Tua Palopo as a Center of Da’wah Development
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The crisis in the role of the mosque needs to be scrutinized so that it needs to be seen again as an agent of transformation for the ummah by expanding its roles and functions again. This research aims to raise the facts and phenomena at the Jami’ Tua Palopo mosque as well as its role and efforts as a center for the development of da’wah for the people of Palopo City. The method used was descriptive qualitative using data from interviews with mosque administrators, then the data is analyzed using triangulation techniques. The results of this study concluded that the Masjid Jami’ Tua Palopo had carried out its role and function as a center for da’wah development. Some of the programs implemented include; 1) aspects of understanding of community, namely by carrying out the process of converting non-Muslim communities and fostering converts, 2) aspects of education improvement, namely by establishing Taman Pendidikan Al-Quran (TPA, Quranic Learning for Preschool), 3) social aspects shown by distributing qurban and zakat and other social activities such as the distribution of groceries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Personal Branding Model of Conventional Kiai in Broadcasting Islamic Religion in Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Setiawan Asep Iwan , Sumijaty Siti , Astuti Dyah Rahmi
Published: February 2023

This study aims to describe the process of establishing the personal branding of conventional kiai at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, starting from the stage of determining unique personal branding competencies, the stage of building connections and relationships, the stage of creating creativity to the controlling stage. The model used in this study is the personal branding circle-p model (competency, connectivity, creation, compliance, contribution). The paradigm used is a constructivist paradigm with an interpretive approach and descriptive method. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews and passive participatory observation. The study results show that the formation of personal branding is carried out through the stages of determining unique competencies, establishing relationships, creating creativity, and controlling that is carried out in a flowing manner seen from changes in attitudes and responses of students and other congregations from each meeting.
Efeito do modelo dinâmico, rentabilidade e tamanho na geração de valor econômico nas empresas do segmento de Educação Superior listadas na bolsa de valores brasileira
Authors: Melo Clara Mariane Da Silva , Nobre Fábio Chaves , De Farias Aires Renan Felinto , Costa Yáscara Pryscilla Dantas
Published: February 2023

O mercado está cada vez mais competitivo, e cabe aos gestores buscar entender o que agrega ou não, valor a empresa. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetiva analisar se há influência das variáveis Modelo dinâmico, Rentabilidade e Tamanho, com o Valor Agregado (EVA) das organizações da educação listadas na BMFBOVESPA. Para tanto, cinco hipóteses foram criadas e testadas. As variáveis apresentadas no estudo foram: a) dependentes: EVA; b) independentes: NCG (Necessidade de capital de giro), CGL (Capital de giro), SDT (Saldo de tesouraria), ROE (Retorno sobre Patrimônio Líquido), TAM (Tamanho da empresa). Trabalhou-se com dados retirados do banco de dados Economática, e as hipóteses foram testadas por um conjunto de testes estatísticos. Os testes mostraram então, que as hipóteses aceitas foram H1 e H3, já as hipóteses H2, H4 e H5 foram rejeitadas, mostrando que há uma relação positiva entre o ROE e o EVA, e uma relação negativa do EVA com o tamanho da empresa e o modelo dinâmico. Como conclusão, percebeu-se que existe diversos estudos sobre o assunto abordado, com um embasamento teórico construtivo, porém os dados coletados são restritos a poucos anos. O campo carece de uma pesquisa que aprofunde ainda mais o porquê da interferência das variáveis com o EVA.