bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EX-INTERNOS
Authors: Rustick Dalvana
Published: April 2024

O objetivo do trabalho mostra políticas públicas para ex-internos através de revisão bibliográfica. A justificativa mostra que além de essas políticas pós-encarceramento serem punitivas, elas resultam em barreiras sociais, financeiras, educacionais, habitacionais e de saúde significativas para a reentrada e reintegração dos prisioneiros em suas comunidades como cidadãos produtivos. Além disso, essas políticas têm uma série de consequências indesejadas, incluindo a redução da eficácia das políticas destinadas a diminuir a pobreza e a falta de moradia e melhorar o nível de escolaridade da força de trabalho pouco qualificada.  A metodologia aplicada para fundamentação desta pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória, do tipo pesquisa bibliográfica analisando artigos publicados em periódicos indexados que tratam sobre o assunto, em bases de dados específicas, que abordam a temática do objetivo.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Políticas públicas; Ex-internos; Interação social.
O RECONHECIMENTO DE BENS ARMAZENADOS VIRTUALMENTE COMO PATRIMÔNIO E A POSSIBILIDADE DE SER OBJETO DA HERANÇA DIGITAL
Authors: Costa Filho Humberto de Alencar Nunes da , Oliveira Rômulo de Morais e
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste artigo científico é explorar a temática da herança digital, que é um tema em ascensão no campo jurídico. Este estudo orientou-se a partir de um objetivo geral que foi o de verificar a viabilidade da transmissão da Herança Digital aos herdeiros na ausência de testamento, com foco especial nos bens que não possuem valoração econômica. Para esta pesquisa, adotou-se a metodologia exploratória do trabalho jurídico, utilizando principalmente pesquisa a bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do método dedutivo. Os resultados obtidos, revelaram duas opiniões divergentes e marcantes. Uma delas sustenta que os bens digitais, que não podem ser avaliados economicamente, não devem ser transmitidos aos herdeiros sem uma manifestação explícita do falecido, argumentando que isso violaria o direito à privacidade. Por outro lado, a segunda opinião argumenta que, devido ao seu valor emocional significativo, esses bens podem ser transferidos mesmo na ausência de uma manifestação explícita do falecido. Assim, concluiu-se que o Código Civil estabelece as regras e procedimentos para a sucessão hereditária, mas não aborda especificamente a questão dos ativos digitais, gerando incertezas e lacunas legais, que podem resultar em conflitos e dificuldades para os herdeiros na administração dos bens digitais de um falecido. Sendo necessária uma adaptação das leis e das práticas jurídicas para lidar com essa realidade e com isso garantir uma legislação adequada e atualizada, promovendo a justiça, a segurança jurídica e o respeito aos direitos individuais na era digital.
Disentangling future effects of climate change and forest disturbance on vegetation composition and land-surface properties of the boreal forest
Authors: Layritz Lucia S. , Gregor Konstantin , Krause Andreas , Kruse Stefan , Meyer Ben F. , Pugh Tom A. M. , Rammig Anja
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Forest disturbances can cause shifts in boreal vegetation cover from predominantly evergreen to deciduous trees or non-forest dominance. This, in turn, impacts land surface properties and, potentially, regional climate. Accurately considering such shifts in future projections of vegetation dynamics under climate change is crucial but hindered e.g. uncertainties in future disturbance regimes. In this study, we investigate how sensitive future projections of boreal forest dynamics are to additional changes in disturbance regimes. We use the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to investigate and disentangle the impacts of climate change and intensifying disturbance regimes in future projections of boreal vegetation cover as well as changes in land surface properties such as albedo and evapotranspiration. Our simulations find that warming alone drives shifts towards more densely forested landscapes, and more intense disturbances reduce tree cover in favor of shrubs and grasses, while the interaction between climate and disturbances leads to an expansion of deciduous trees. Our results additionally indicate that warming decreases albedo and increases evapotranspiration, while more intense disturbances have the opposite effect, potentially offsetting climate impacts. Warming and disturbances are thus comparably important agents of change in boreal forests. Our findings highlight future disturbance regimes as a key source of model uncertainty and underscore the necessity of accounting for disturbances-induced effects on vegetation composition and land surface-atmosphere feedback.
pathways-ensemble-analysis v1.0.0: an open-source library for systematic and robust analysis of pathways ensembles
Authors: Welder Lara , Grant Neil , Gidden Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Ensembles of mitigation pathways, produced by multiple different models, are becoming increasingly influential as the world seeks to define climate goals and implement policy to meet them. In this context a range of open-source code has been developed to standardise and facilitate the systematic and robust analysis of mitigation pathways. We introduce a new open-source package, pathways-ensemble-analysis which provides an object-oriented framework for the key steps in analysis, describing its structure and providing an illustrative example of its use. This tool is a further step which can help the community in conducting best practice in pathways-ensemble analysis.
Popigai and Chicxulub craters: multiple impacts and their associated grabens
Authors: Klokocnik Jaroslav , Cilek Vaclav , Kostelecky Jan , Bezdek Ales
Published: April 2024

Abstract. More advanced data (gravity field model EIGEN 6C4 with GOCE gradiometry data instead of EGM2008) and more sophisticated method (using a set of the gravity aspects instead of the gravity anomalies and the radial second derivative of the disturbing potential only) enable a deeper study of various geological features, here the impact craters Chicxulub and Popigai. We confirm our results from 2010, extend them, and offer more complicated models, namely by means of the gravity strike angles. Both craters are double or multiple craters. The probable impactor direction is from NE for Chicxulub and SE-NW for Popigai. The both crater formations seem to be associated with impact induced tectonics that triggered development of impact grabens.
SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database
Authors: Kaushal Nikita , Lechleitner Franziska A. , Wilhelm Micah , Azennoud Khalil , Bühler Janica C. , Braun Kerstin , Ait Brahim Yassine , Baker Andy , Burstyn Yuval , Comas-Bru Laia , Fohlmeister Jens , Goldsmith Yonaton , Harrison Sandy P. , Hatvani István G. , Rehfeld Kira , Ritzau Magdalena , Skiba Vanessa , Stoll Heather M. , Szűcs József G. , Tanos Péter , Treble Pauline C. , Azevedo Vitor , Baker Jonathan L. , Borsato Andrea , Chawchai Sakonvan , Columbu Andrea , Endres Laura , Hu Jun , Kern Zoltán , Kimbrough Alena , Koç Koray , Markowska Monika , Martrat Belen , Masood Ahmad Syed , Nehme Carole , Novello Valdir Felipe , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Ruan Jiaoyang , Sekhon Natasha , Sinha Nitesh , Tadros Carol V. , Tiger Benjamin H. , Warken Sophie , Wolf Annabel , Zhang Haiwei ,   SISAL Working Group members
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Palaeoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is becoming increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here, we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3 contains speleothem data from 365 sites from across the globe, including 95 Mg/Ca, 85 Sr/Ca, 52 Ba/Ca, 25 U/Ca, 29 P/Ca, and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (892) and carbon (620) isotope records compared with SISALv2 (which consists of 673 and 430 stable oxygen and carbon records, respectively). Additional meta information has been added to improve the machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities along with the originally published chronologies. Thus, the SISALv3 database constitutes a unique resource of speleothem palaeoclimate information that allows regional to global palaeoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, permitting more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other Earth system and hydrological models. The database can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5287/ora-2nanwp4rk (Kaushal et al., 2024).
The 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23)
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Optis Mike , Redfern Stephanie , Rosencrans David , Rybchuk Alex , Lundquist Julie K. , Pronk Vincent , Castagneri Simon , Purkayastha Avi , Draxl Caroline , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Young Ethan , Roberts Billy , Rosenlieb Evan , Musial Walter
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This article introduces the 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23), which offers the latest wind resource information for offshore regions in the United States. NOW-23 supersedes, for its offshore component, the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, which was published a decade ago and is currently a primary resource for wind resource assessments and grid integration studies in the contiguous United States. By incorporating advancements in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, NOW-23 delivers an updated and cutting-edge product to stakeholders. In this article, we present the new data set which underwent regional tuning and performance validation against available observations and has data available from 2000 through, depending on the region, 2019–2022. We also provide a summary of the uncertainty quantification in NOW-23, along with NOW-WAKES, a 1-year post-construction data set that quantifies expected offshore wake effects in the US Mid-Atlantic lease areas. Stakeholders can access the NOW-23 data set at https://doi.org/10.25984/1821404 (Bodini et al., 2020).
Variation and attribution of probable maximum precipitation of China using a high-resolution dataset in a changing climate
Authors: Xiong Jinghua , Guo Shenglian ,   Abhishek, Yin Jiabo , Xu Chongyu , Wang Jun , Guo Jing
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Accurate assessment of the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is crucial in assessing the resilience of high-risk water infrastructures, water resource management, and hydrological hazard mitigation. Conventionally, PMP is estimated based on a static climate assumption and is constrained by the insufficient spatial resolution of ground observations, thus neglecting the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of climate systems. Such assumptions are critical, especially for China, which is highly vulnerable to global warming in ∼ 100 000 existing reservoirs. Here, we use the finest-spatiotemporal-resolution (1 d and 1 km) precipitation dataset from an ensemble of machine learning algorithms to present the spatial distribution of 1 d PMP based on the improved Hershfield method. Current reservoir design values, a quasi-global satellite-based PMP database, and in situ precipitation are used to benchmark against our results. The 35-year running trend from 1961–1995 to 1980–2014 is quantified and partitioned, followed by future projections using the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 simulations under two scenarios. We find that the national PMP generally decreases from southeast to northwest and is typically dominated by the high variability of precipitation extremes in northern China and high intensity in southern China. Though consistent with previous project design values, our PMP calculations present underestimations by comparing them with satellite and in situ results due to differences in spatial scales and computation methods. Interannual variability, instead of the intensification of precipitation extremes, dominates the PMP running trends on a national scale. Climate change, mainly attributed to land–atmosphere coupling effects, leads to a widespread increase (> 20 %) in PMP across the country under the SSP126 scenario, which is projected to be higher along with the intensification of CO2 emissions. Our observation- and modeling-based results can provide valuable implications for water managers under a changing climate.
SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF EURO 4 DIESEL-POWERED ENGINE JEEPNEYS ON AIR QUALITY AND UNDERSTANDING ESTIMATED HEALTH RISK TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
Authors: de Guinto J. D. , Dela Rea A. H. , Galang B. M. V. , Rodriguez H. R. A. , Sibal D. B. , Ramos R. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Euro-4 diesel-powered engines are the current industry standard in the Philippines as indicated in the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) Omnibus Guidelines Department Order 2017-011. Based on the National Emissions Inventory report of the Environmental Management Bureau in 2018, 74% of air pollutant concentrations were produced by mobile sources including jeepneys. The PUVMP is focused on enhancing environmental sustainability, air quality, and in providing a reliable and effective public transportation system. The potential advantages to air quality and health from the full implementation of the program especially the Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys in Trece Martires City are assessed in this paper. The study aims to estimate the impact of the possible enforcement of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys on the reduction of air pollution in the research locale. Four pollutants were assessed particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulfur Oxide (SOx) and Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) using AERMOD Air Dispersion Modeling Software in five (5) different scenarios: (1) baseline engine jeepneys, (2) 25% implementation of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys, (3) 50% implementation of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepney, (4) 75% implementation of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys and (5) full implementation of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys. AirQ+ was utilized to evaluate the health risk of Euro 4 diesel-powered engine jeepneys to the drivers and commuters in the vicinity. Result shows that the Scenario 5 or the full implementation of Euro 4 diesel-powered engines relatively reduces CO by 84.30% (8.355 μg/cu.m to 1.31 μg/cu.m), NOx by 21.76% (10.6 μg/cu.m to 8.27 μg/cu.m), and PM2.5 by 83.36% (2.69 μg/cu.m to 0.447 μg/cu.m), by its maximum estimated concentrations. However, an increase by 14.14% of SOx emissions (0.091 μg/cu.m to 0.104 μg/cu.m) were seen on the simulation from Scenario 1 to Scenario 5. In terms of health risk assessment, higher levels of PM2.5 exposure exhibit an increase in health hazard with respect to mortality rate. Simulation outputs indicate that transitioning of jeepneys from current technology to Euro 4 models reduces pollution levels and lowers health risk, hence, can be used as basis in enhancing transport plans and health monitoring strategies in the city.
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF A SLAM-ACQUIRED POINT CLOUD DATA USING A VARIETY OF CLASSIFICATION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ingles H. A. , Legaspi A. M. M. , Sarmiento C. J. S. , Claridades A. R. C.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Laser scanning techniques, such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), produce three-dimensional data representing the real world, which may provide significant information for Building Information Models (BIM). These processes produce 3D point clouds, which require classification before being used in various applications such as structural assessments. However, most widely available software applications for classifying 3D point clouds are proprietary, giving an incomplete depiction of how the data is manipulated and processed. Thus, this research aims to assess the accuracy of the different classification applications in classifying the 3D point cloud data and perform a comparative analysis of the results. Precision, Recall, F1-score, and Accuracy are the evaluation metrics used to assess the classified 3D point cloud data. Results for Precision and Recall show that some of the applications can classify a particular class, the Ground and Building classes. However, the overall performance of the classification method, which is evaluated through the F1-score, produced low values. Results for the F1-score demonstrate that these low values indicate low overall reliability of the classification results despite high values for Accuracy. Based on the conducted experiments, further research is suggested to investigate the effect of increasing dataset size and equalizing class sizes used in classification.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOW-COST CONSUMER-GRADE AND COMMERCIAL-GRADE DRONES FOR LAND SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Barbosa P. C. , Fargas Jr. D. C. , Narciso G. A. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study investigates the feasibility of using low-cost consumer drones, specifically the DJI Mini 2, for land surveys compared to commercial-grade drones like the DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2. The research, conducted within the University of the Philippines - Diliman campus, evaluates the horizontal accuracy of resulting ortho-images and explores the advantages and disadvantages of each platform. Initiated by the recognition of aerial drones' transformative impact on land surveying, particularly acknowledged by the Land Management Bureau in the Philippines, the study addresses concerns about the use of consumer-grade drones for surveying. While some advocate for commercial-grade drones, citing concerns about accuracy, a prior study in India demonstrated the suitability of consumer-grade drones for geomatics applications. The methodology involves creating a flight plan with specified parameters for both drones, establishing Ground Control Points (GCPs), and conducting two flights. The results, processed using UAS Mapping Workflow, indicate comparable errors between the consumer-grade DJI Mini 2 and commercial-grade DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2. Despite slight differences, both drones meet the accuracy standards for land surveys. The study contributes to the discourse on affordable means of secure land tenure, envisioning consumer-grade drones as viable alternatives for cost-effective land surveys. The DJI Mini 2, at a fraction of the cost, demonstrates the capability to achieve accuracy levels comparable to its commercial counterpart. While acknowledging the need for further testing and optimization, the findings suggest the potential of consumer-grade drones in advancing sustainable urban development and poverty reduction through accessible land survey methods.
LAND USE LAND COVER (LULC) CHANGE ANALYSIS IN BAGUIO CITY USING GIS-BASED TRANSITION POTENTIAL MODELING
Authors: Macaspac K. L. , Valenzuela M. L. , Ramos R. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Baguio City experienced rapid LULC changes in the past decades due to rising population resulting in increasing demand in residential and commercial areas. The LULC change from 2003 to 2011 was quantified through a transition potential model using Artificial Neural Network and Cellular Automata. Potential driving factors considered in this study were barangay population and population density, land category, elevation, slope, soil type, and distances from the Central Business District, roads, and sinkholes. Multilayer Perceptron with Backpropagation technique was employed in the modeling simulations where various value combinations for the five hyperparameters were tested. Among the combinations of hyperparameter values tested, the combination that achieved the highest simulation accuracy was 1, 0.001, 1000, 10, and 0.01 for Neighborhood, Learning Rate, Iterations, Hidden Layers, and Momentum respectively. The prediction results for the year 2035 show that built-up areas in Baguio City will increase by 760.79 hectares while vegetation and bare soil will decrease by 347.64 hectares and 413.26 hectares, respectively. Built-up areas are expected to form mostly in Alienable and Disposable lands, barangays with high population density, and areas near roads and pre-existing development. On the other hand, minimal built-up expansion is expected in vacant forests, forest reserves, and areas near sinkholes. These findings are in line with the city government's expectations. With an accuracy of 72.80% and a Kappa statistic of 0.61, it can be concluded that the model is capable of predicting future LULC change and may serve as a viable guide for future land use development plans.
TYPHOON KARDING (NORU) STORM SURGE ANALYSIS USING THE COAWST MODELING SYSTEM
Authors: Nioko L. I. J. , Tablang K. M. C. , Tamondong A. M. , Ang M. R. C. O. , Bautista D. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Philippines, frequently affected by typhoons, faces the hazard of storm surges. This study examined the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System (COAWST) to simulate Typhoon Karding's September 2022 storm surge. COAWST integrates the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) coupled using the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). Four setups were analyzed: i. ROMS only, ii. ROMS-SWAN, iii. ROMS-WRF, and iv. ROMS-SWAN-WRF, focusing on four variables: a. Surface air pressure, b. Wind speed, c. Free-surface elevation, and d. Significant wave height. Results show that the ROMS-WRF and ROMS-SWAN-WRF setups accurately simulated Typhoon Karding's track with minimal positional error and wind speed. However, the models overestimated the typhoon's minimum air pressure with p-biases of 7.74% (i and ii), 4.1% (iii), and 3.9% (iv), and RMSE values of 68.529 hPa (i and ii), 36.744 hPa (iii), and 36.789 hPa (iv). Additionally, water levels were underestimated, with RMSE ranging from 0.31 to 0.35 meters and p-biases from −72.56% to −154.89% at Baler, Aurora validation point. At the Real, Quezon validation point, RMSE and p-bias ranged from 0.30 to 0.34 meters and −84.80% to −166.44%, respectively. Nonetheless, the models were able to simulate the storm surge and significant wave height at Baler and Real points similar to recorded data, with setup iv performing best in storm surge simulation. In summary, COAWST may be employed for typhoon simulations, with coupling being able to increase accuracy.
REMOTE SENSING AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE FOR RAPID FLOOD MAPPING AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT: A CASE OF TYPHOON GONI (ROLLY) AND VAMCO (ULYSSES)
Authors: Tumaneng R. D. , Morico K. E. R. , Principe J. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Flooding is a devastating natural disaster with global repercussions, affecting human life, crop production, and infrastructure. The increasing frequency and unpredictability of flood events, driven by climate change, highlight the urgent need for rapid and accurate flood mapping and damage assessment. This study explores the use of Google Earth Engine, a web-based platform that utilizes satellite imagery and geospatial data, for flood mapping and damage assessment. By incorporating localized datasets, such as region-specific land cover maps and population density information, the developed workflow provides a robust tool for assessing flood extent, identifying high-risk areas, and estimating the impact on cropland and urban centers. Key findings showed that Cagayan province presented the highest potential flood area, covering approximately 55,063 hectares. This province also had the largest population at risk, with around 39,440 individuals potentially exposed to the effects of flooding. Moreover, the cropland in Cagayan province experienced the most substantial impact, with around 91.26% being affected due to the swelling of the Cagayan River. Camarines Sur experienced severe devastation in urban areas, with about 269 hectares affected by flooding from the Bicol River. This study's findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of flood impacts beyond the extent of flooding, facilitating informed decision-making, emergency response planning, and targeted interventions to mitigate the effects of floods on communities, agriculture, and urban areas. The approach presented here can be applied in other regions, supporting improved flood management and mitigation strategies for national.
Demographic yearbooks as a source of weather-related fatalities: the Czech Republic, 1919–2022
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Chromá Kateřina , Zahradníček Pavel
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Demographic yearbooks of the Czech Republic, prepared by the Czech Statistical Office for the 1919–2022 period, contain official figures on the number of fatalities attributed to excessive natural cold, excessive natural heat, lightning, natural hazards, air pressure changes, and falls on ice or snow, as well as details about the sex and age of the deceased, covering a 104-year period or parts of it. These yearbooks, influenced by evolving international classifications of diseases, tend to underestimate the fatality numbers for excessive natural heat, natural hazards, and air pressure changes in particular. Out of a total of 9259 weather-related fatalities (with a mean annual rate of 89.0 fatalities), 74.9 % were caused by excessive natural cold and 19.3 % by lightning. No trend was identified in natural hazards, whilst statistically significant decreasing trends were found for lightning fatalities and increasing trends for excessive natural cold, excessive natural heat, and falls on ice or snow. Males and seniors aged ≥65 years were the most common sex and age categories affected. The number of fatalities attributed to excessive natural cold has partly increased as a result of the gradually ageing population and the rise in the number of homeless people since the 1990s. A statistically significant relationship between cold-related fatalities and mean January–February and winter (December–February) temperatures was established, evidenced by high negative correlation coefficients. Lightning deaths have notably decreased since the 1970s, primarily due to a significant reduction in the number of people employed in agriculture, an increase in urban population, better weather forecasting, lifestyle changes, and improved medical care. Although there is a significant positive correlation between these fatalities and the number of days with thunderstorms, the relationship is relatively weak. The results obtained for the Czech Republic align well with similar studies in Europe and elsewhere. While the demographic yearbooks cover only a part of weather-related fatalities, their circumstances, and characteristics, combining them with other similar databases is crucial to gain the necessary knowledge usable in risk management for the preservation of human lives.
Failure strength of glacier ice inferred from Greenland crevasses
Authors: Grinsted Aslak , Rathmann Nicholas Mossor , Mottram Ruth , Solgaard Anne Munck , Mathiesen Joachim , Hvidberg Christine Schøtt
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Ice fractures when subject to stress that exceeds the material failure strength. Previous studies have found that a von Mises failure criterion, which places a bound on the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor, is consistent with empirical data. Other studies have suggested that a scaling effect exists, such that larger sample specimens have a substantially lower failure strength, implying that estimating material strength from laboratory-scale experiments may be insufficient for glacier-scale modeling. In this paper, we analyze the stress conditions in crevasse onset regions to better understand the failure criterion and strength relevant for large-scale modeling. The local deviatoric stress is inferred using surface velocities and reanalysis temperatures, and crevasse onset regions are extracted from a remotely sensed crevasse density map. We project the stress state onto the failure plane spanned by Haigh–Westergaard coordinates, showing how failure depends on mode of stress. We find that existing crevasse data are consistent with a Schmidt–Ishlinsky failure criterion that places a bound on the absolute value of the maximal principal deviatoric stress, estimated to be 158±44 kPa. Although the traditional von Mises failure criterion also provides an adequate fit to the data with a von Mises strength of 265±73 kPa, it depends only on stress magnitude and is indifferent to the specific stress state, unlike Schmidt–Ishlinsky failure which has a larger shear failure strength compared to tensile strength. Implications for large-scale ice flow and fracture modeling are discussed.
Moonlighting and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Banking Sector
Authors: Oladimeji Moruff Sanjo , Ayo- Balogun Atinuke Oluwatoyin , Odunayo Henry Adewale
Published: April 2024

This study examined the effect of moonlighting on organizational performance in the Nigerian banking sector. It adopted a survey design that allowed the researcher to collect only cross-sectional data from the respondents. The questionnaire was administered to the staff of five (5) different banks in Lagos and Ogun states to seek their opinions. The responses were analyzed using regression analysis. The results revealed that, most of the respondents had heard and experienced moonlighting at various points of their career in the banking sector and that moonlighting negatively impacts firm performance in terms of employees’ productivity, profitability, and dividend payment. The study recommends the need for policies to be put in place. Terms of policies must be incorporated in the employment contract for employees to know the consequences of breaching the contract. Finally, disciplinary action should be taken on the affected staff to serve as deterrent to others.
The Roles of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in International Trade, Logistics and European Union’s (EU) Energy Supply Security
Authors: Toraman Yavuz
Published: April 2024

While new trade routes may have been discovered, the political, economic, and commercial relations among countries may lead to a desire to reactivate old routes or increase their capacity for active use over time. In the aftermath of the Russia-Ukraine war, which is one of the most significant events happening worldwide, the impact of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) on global trade, economic, and logistical activities has been examined. In the current research, the qualitative method was employed to conduct an in-depth examination of the role of the OTS in global trade, transportation corridors, and the EU's energy supply security. For this study, secondary sources such as databases, scientific journals, books, national and international news, etc., were utilized. The research particularly highlights the quest for alternative routes in global trade, especially in recent times. In this context, it is noteworthy that Türkiye and the OTS are among the most significant partners. The presence of OTS is evident in almost all North-South and East-West oriented developed trade corridors, which supports this situation qualitatively. Additionally, the presence of OTS member countries with abundant underground resources enables the optimization of both logistics and supply elements together. This study emphasizes the significance of the OTS in the global economy and commercial activities. Particularly, it highlights the crucial role of Türkiye and OTS as a bridge between East and West, especially after the Ukraine-Russia war. The implications for the future underscore the strengths of OTS and its importance in the times to come.
Exporting Electrodes to Australia in the 1930s:
Authors: Bytheway Simon James , Oshima Hisayuki
Published: April 2024

Using the internal records of trading companies operating in Australia that were seized by the Australian government after the Japanese attack on Pearl in December 1941, the present study examines the role played by Okura & Company and its Managing Director in Sydney, Sawada Shigeo, as intermediaries in the development of a potential Australian market for Japanese electrodes in the interwar period. International trade in foreign markets required Japanese manufacturers to respond “flexibly” to the terms, conditions, and practices of the new markets into which they were exporting, especially in relation to any technological difficulties (real or perceived) with their products. General trading companies (like our example, Okura & Company) were employed to provide essential market information and to bridge any “gaps of recognition” between Japanese manufacturers (like our example, Tokai Electrode Manufacturing Company) and their new, non-Japanese clients. The interwar experience of “market development” in Australia was integral to the remarkable success of Japan’s export-oriented industries during the postwar reconstruction period, when electrode manufacturing quickly became an important export industry for Japan.
COUNTERING CORRUPTION BY CRIMINAL LAW MEANS Mitskaya, Elena V.
Authors: Mitskaya Elena V.
Published: April 2024

Despite a comprehensive fight against corruption, Kazakhstan, having achieved progressive and radical changes in legislation during the years of independence, has not yet been able to achieve significant results in the fight against corruption. The current increase in the number of corruption-related criminal offences, including on the part of high-ranking officials, heads of a number of Kazakh companies, is due to a stronger political will on the part of the head of state to resolutely oppose corruption. This desire allows to pay attention to criminal law measures, which occupy an important place in the complex of measures to combat the systemic vice of the state, which threatens national security. This study is devoted to assessing a possible correction of the Criminal Law of Kazakhstan to strengthen the fight against corruption by criminal law measures. Particular attention is paid to the problematic and unexplored introduction of new legal constructions into the criminal law. The author makes a reasonable conclusion that for a more effective implementation of anti-corruption policy it is necessary to remove the restrictive understanding of the subject of the bribe by property benefit only, to enshrine unjustified enrichment, thus eliminating the limited repressive power of criminal law on corruption manifestations. At the same time, it is proposed to use the domestic resources of criminal law to combat corruption, and appropriate proposals are made to amend the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan. The proposed changes, in the author's opinion, allow one to hope that they will ultimately serve the useful purpose of Kazakhstan's anti-corruption policy and also open the ground for an informed discussion on further anti-corruption efforts.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES OF THE OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Seraliyeva Аliya Mazhitovna , Dossybekov Nartay Sartaevich
Published: April 2024

Significant changes in the market system of Kazakhstan, the formation of a rule of law state, and the need of society for a significant improvement in the activities of law enforcement agencies put forward the task of scientific development and practical implementation of personnel policy in the law enforcement system of employees of the Operative Investigative Service (hereafter OIS). For this purpose, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the specifics of the professional activity of an OIS officer, determine the requirements that this activity imposes on the psyche and personality of an OIS officer, and distinguish clear criteria for his professional suitability or unsuitability for work in law enforcement agencies. In the process of scientific research, we concluded that: - psychological training of police officers is one of the activities of law enforcement agencies. It forms employees' psychological resistance to various stress factors, the ability to act calmly and confidently in psychologically difficult situations during acute respiratory infections, as well as development of stress resistance. That is quite important since not all Operative Investigative Activities (OSA) employees can cope with the volume of work and quickly burn out; - professional communication of the OSA employees depends on professional and non-professional forms which are based on the rules of speech behavior adopted in a particular social environment; - it is necessary to conduct a special «Operative Investigative Psychology» course for students and undergraduates in the majors of «Jurisprudence» (the study of Law) «Psychology» and cadets of special educational institutions who trained employees of the OSA, psychologists. During the course, it is relevant to conduct training courses on the development of cognitive mental processes (sensation, perception, representation, imagination, thinking, memory, attention, speech); on the ability to work with people (establishing psychological contact, exerting influence on them, etc.); establishing the truth and making the right decision.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: SOME ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN KAZAKHSTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Sarpekov Ramazan Kumarbekovich
Published: April 2024

Protection, respect and promotion of human rights is one of the universally recognized principles of modern international law. Within the framework of the current universal system of human rights protection, special attention is paid to the most vulnerable categories of persons, which include persons with disabilities. In this paper, the author analyzes the current international legal standards of the United Nations in the field of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities, including the provisions of the International Bill of Human Rights, the UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The classification of the rights of persons with disabilities within the meaning of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (civil and political rights, social rights, specialized rights) is given. The author also analyzed the legal framework for ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities in Kazakhstan. In particular, this paper examines the practice of establishing disability in Kazakhstan and foreign countries. In addition, existing models for assessing disability according to the European approach were identified based on an analysis of the legislative acts of Estonia, Spain, and Hungary. The author argues for the need to change approach in Kazakhstan from the assessment of functional capabilities when establishing disability to a holistic approach to assessing disability (holistic approach), which combines the assessment of impairments, functional capabilities and environmental factors. In conclusion, the author proposes a number of relevant recommendations for improving the Kazakhstani practice of establishing disability, taking into account the best foreign experience, through amendments to legislative acts.
TO THE QUESTIONS OF SOME TERMS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Medinayeva Akerke Amanovna
Published: April 2024

In fact, terms are a word or phrase that is the name of a concept used in science, technology, art and other areas of human activity. If the deep meanings of these terms in these areas are systematically formed and clearly marked, then only then is it considered that their goal has been achieved. The development of the terminological system undoubtedly contributes to its sustainable application in the study of a particular field, allows us to draw new conclusions. In modern science, there are significant advances in the formation of terms. Some of them have been used in everyday life for a long time, however, there are terms that need to be revised in the scope of their use. Recently, a number of scientific terms in the Kazakh language have been replenished even more. However, there is a lot of work to be done in this area. To date, it is necessary to specifically formulate terms that will more deeply reveal the meaning of scientific concepts in the Kazakh language and in themselves will be pleasant to the ear, well perceived by the majority. It is no secret that when working in this direction, questions may arise regarding the interpretation of the meanings of certain terms. In this regard, the article raises the problem of only some of those terms that are approved for use in the Kazakh language, since it is impossible to consider the entire system of terms and explain their meaning in more detail and describe them in one publication. In particular, the article describes the shortcomings in the translation of the term "archived format – RAR, ZIP", related to the field of computer science and computer technology, and several terms related to the field of record keeping and archival affairs. The main purpose of the publication is that when approving terms in the Kazakh language, it is necessary to take into account the linguistic features of both languages and pay special attention to them in further work on improving the terms.
STATE ADMINISTRATION OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Kuandykova Elvira Serikbaevna
Published: April 2024

The study articulates the problems of state management in the field of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article provides a conceptualization of the legal foundations of state regulation of the country's agrarian sector. The study contains an analysis of modern scientific theories of public administration in the field of agricultural production: current definitions are given, qualification models of the principles and methods of public administration of the agro-industrial complex are considered. On the basis of policy documents, an analysis of the modern concept of development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan was carried out, attention was focused on transformational processes in the course of ongoing reforms, the main modern trend is the transformation of state programs into national projects. The national project for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025, as a successor to the state program, is intended to be implemented using project management mechanisms, with the implementation of the project approach in the public administration system. The article concludes that it is expedient to clearly understand the meaning and content of legal terms in the legislation in order to more accurately consolidate the competence of state bodies, decentralize state administration and, as a result, increase the efficiency of state bodies and their responsibility at all levels of government. Due importance is given to the institution of state support as a method of state regulation of a complex nature. Of particular importance in the paradigm of public management research is administrative regulation as a method of influence, directly related to the powers of management structures and the possibility of applying prohibition, authorization and coercion measures. The study concluded that it is necessary to constructively orient the state's agrarian policy towards a qualitative reform of the agro-industrial complex.
RETURNING TO THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE BY PhD M.Kh. KHASSENOV «ON THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN ON STATE GUARANTEES OF EQUAL RIGHTS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES OF MEN AND WOMEN»
Authors: Baimoldinova Yelnur Tureshovna
Published: April 2024

Gender equality, as a provision on the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex, is enshrined in the Constitution and states that “no one shall be subject to any discrimination for reasons of origin, social, property status, occupation, sex, race, nationality, language, attitude towards religion, convictions, place of residence or any other circumstances”. The article analyzes the scientific article PhD M.Kh. Khasenov “On the results of the analysis of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on state guarantees of equal rights and equal opportunities of men and women” published in the Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2019. The author analyzed the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 8, 2009 No. 223-IV “On state guarantees of equal rights and equal opportunities of men and women”. The research work done by the author and the proposals and recommendations developed haven’t lost their relevance even taking into account the past time. The study raises issues of inconsistency between the analyzed law and other legislative acts, and also notes the presence of unresolved aspects in ensuring gender equality. The issues of equality of men and women in the economic and labor environment, issues of remuneration, their access to state and military service, judicial protection against restrictions and infringement of rights, harassment in the labor environment, etc. are raised. In his scientific work M.Kh. Khasenov provides suggestions and recommendations for solving these issues and further improving the legislation and state gender policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
SETTLEMENT OF CASES AND DISPUTES IN CIVIL LAW AND PROCEEDINGS IN KAZAKHSTAN (ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS)
Authors: Ablaeva Elvira Bekbolatovna , Ensebayeva Anel Rakhmetzhanovna , Ismagulova Aigul Turekhanovna , Utanov Mukhtarhan Aidarkhanovich
Published: April 2024

The article describes the history of the emergence, formation and development of peaceful settlement of cases and disputes in civil law and judicial proceedings of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The achievements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the settlement of cases and disputes through conciliation procedures were noted, promising directions for strengthening peace and harmony in the country were revealed, problematic issues facing civil law and judicial proceedings were indicated. The authors found that the settlement of cases and disputes by peaceful means is consistent with the conceptual ideas of the development of the national legal system. Based on this study, it has been revealed that the existing set of ways to settle cases and disputes, known as the alternative dispute resolution system, has gone through several stages of development. The historical and legal analysis allowed the authors to determine the trend of development and improvement of the national legal system towards simplification of legal proceedings and humanization of legislation. Along with this, to determine that today the peaceful resolution of cases and disputes, on the one hand, is the main factor in reducing the level of conflict in the country and the judicial burden, and on the other hand, an indicator of increasing the level of legal culture of the Kazakh population and its confidence in the judiciary. The authors show the socio-legal significance for civil law and judicial proceedings in Kazakhstan of informal and flexible conflict resolution procedures forming the institution of restorative justice, which arose as an alternative to punitive justice. In the course of the research, concepts and categories developed by civil law and judicial proceedings, normative legal acts regulating the procedure for settling cases and disputes, conceptual and strategic documents defining the development and improvement of the national legal system, statistical data of courts on conducting conciliation procedures were used.