bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A North American Historical Review of Three-Axle Freight Trucks
Authors: Shust William , Palmieri Michael M.
Published: August 2020

At first glance, it seems appealing to suggest additional wheelsets under a given railcar type. From the track’s viewpoint, and in a simplistic analysis, trading a particular car’s four-axles for the use of six should allow half again more car weight. This paper will examine efforts to test this concept over the past century. Indeed, the railway marketplace has investigated the three-axle truck in both the freight and passenger car arenas multiple times over the past century. Except in heavy-duty flatcars, the record shows that each implementation has proven to be only temporary.

In general, three-axle freight trucks were developed for use with steam locomotive tenders in the early 20th century. These designs were then adapted to other car types over several decades, involving thousands of individual cars. Today, three-axle trucks are nearly extinct. This paper will address the history and status of three-axle freight trucks (or bogies) as used in North American railcar operations. Various past 20th-century applications will be discussed. International efforts will be reviewed as well. The very limited and remaining current usage of three-axle trucks is also discussed.
Improving the Interpretability of Physics-Based Bias in Material Models
Authors: Chodora Evan , Flynn Garrison , Tippetts Trevor , Unal Cetin
Published: August 2020

In order to accurately predict the performance of materials under dynamic loading conditions, models have been developed that describe the rate-dependent material behavior and irrecoverable plastic deformation that occurs at elevated strains and applied loads. Most of these models have roots in empirical fits to data and, thus, require the addition of specific parameters that reflect the properties and response of specific materials. In this work, we present a systematic approach to the problem of calibrating a Johnson-Cook plasticity model for 304L stainless steel using experimental testing in which the parameters are treated as dependent on the state of the material and uncovered using experimental data. The results obtained indicate that the proposed approach can make the presence of a discrepancy term in calibration unnecessary and, at the same time, improve the prediction accuracy of the model into new input domains and provide improved understanding of model bias compared to calibration with stationary parameter values.
Search for
Campylobacter
spp. Reveals High Prevalence and Pronounced Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in Floodwater Samples Associated with Hurricane Florence in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Niedermeyer Jeffrey A. , Miller William G. , Yee Emma , Harris Angela , Emanuel Ryan E. , Jass Theo , Nelson Natalie , Kathariou Sophia
Published: August 2020

Climate change and associated extreme weather events can have massive impacts on the prevalence of microbial pathogens in floodwaters. However, limited data are available on foodborne zoonotic pathogens such as
Campylobacter
or
Arcobacter
in hurricane-associated floodwaters in rural regions with intensive animal production. With a high density of intensive animal production as well as pronounced vulnerability to hurricanes, eastern North Carolina presents unique opportunities in this regard. Our findings revealed widespread incidence of the emerging zoonotic pathogen
Arcobacter butzleri
in floodwaters from Hurricane Florence. We encountered high and largely unexplored diversity while also noting the potential for regionally abundant and persistent clones. We noted pronounced partitioning of the floodwater genotypes into two source-associated clades. The data will contribute to elucidating the poorly understood ecology of this emerging pathogen and highlight the importance of surveillance of floodwaters associated with hurricanes and other extreme weather events for
Arcobacter
and other zoonotic pathogens.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control Strategy for a Discrete Time Drug Consumption Model
Authors: Labzai Abderrahim , Kouidere Abdelfatah , Khajji Bouchaib , Balatif Omar , Rachik Mostafa
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to study and investigate the optimal control strategy of a discrete mathematical model of drug consumption. The population that we are going to study is divided into six compartments: potential drug users, light drug users, heavy drug users, heavy drug users-dealers and providers, temporary quitters of drug consumption, and permanent quitters of drug consumption. Our objective is to find the best strategy to reduce the number of light drug users, heavy drug users, heavy drug users-dealers and providers, and temporary quitters of drug consumption. We use four control strategies which are awareness programs through media and education, preventing contact through security campaigns, treatment, and psychological support along with follow-up. Pontryagin’s maximum principle in discrete time is used to characterize the optimal controls. The numerical simulation is carried out using MATLAB. Consequently, the obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the optimization strategy.
Fungal Variation during Peanut Paste Storage
Authors: Boli Zamblé Bi Irié Abel , Kambire Ollo , Zoue Lessoy Thierry , Koffi Nevry Rose
Published: August 2020

Peanut paste produced in multipurpose mills is very often the site of choice for fungal contaminants that pose a major risk to consumers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of fungal contamination of peanut paste produced according to different moulding processes during storage. Thirty samples of peanut paste were produced from 60 kg of peanut pods according to three types of moulding (domestic moulding, artisanal moulding, and hygienic moulding) and then preserved for three months. These thirty samples were subjected to microbiological analysis using the conventional mould count method. The moisture content of the various peanut pastes was determined according to the AOAC method. Fungi were identified by using taxonomic schemes based on microscopic observation and culture appearance. Mould loads ranged from 0 to 6.4.102 cfu/g; 91 to 9.6.102 cfu/g; and 0 to 4.6.102 cfu/g, respectively, for domestic, artisanal, and hygienic mouldings during conservation. Moisture content increases during the conservation of peanut paste. It increases from 1.23 to 3.17% for domestic moulding, 1.30 to 3.20% for artisanal moulding, and 1.30 to 2.94% for hygienic moulding. Four fungal genera, namely, Aspergillus, Mucor, Absidia, and Penicillium and three species of Aspergillus including A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger have been identified. The peanut paste produced from domestic and hygienic moulding is less contaminated during storage than that obtained in the artisanal way.
Rapid Regression of Scleral Melting Associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in a Case of Surgically Induced Necrotizing Scleritis
Authors: Misawa Norihiko , Tagami Mizuki , Sakai Atsushi , Kohno Takeya , Honda Shigeru
Published: August 2020

Purpose: To report a case with rapid regression of scleral melting associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) patient treated with local steroid therapy. Case Presentation: An 85-year-old male patient presented with conjunctival tumor in his right eye. Complete resection of the tumor lesion and conjunctival re-construction were performed. Local steroid drops were administered until 1 month after surgery, and a good clinical course was achieved. However, after stopping the local steroid, scleral melting to the uvea occurred on the center of the tumor-resected sclera. After diagnosing SINS, we immediately restarted his local steroid. After 2 weeks, there was a complete and rapid regression of the scleral melting. Following this episode, only local steroid therapy was continued for the treatment of SINS, with no recurrence observed after 6 months. Histopathological analysis revealed the infiltration of inflammatory cells during the acute phase, with TNF-α immune reactivity observed in the center of the melting site near the resected conjunctiva. Conclusion: We speculate that the observed changes were associated with the TNF-α that was present during the pathological state of SINS. Local steroid therapy may play a key role in the local immune balance in SINS.
Effectiveness of Ripasudil, a Rho-Associated Coiled/Coil-Containing Protein Kinase Inhibitor, in Improving Retinoschisis and Cystic-Like Foveal Cavities in Eyes with X-Linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Suimon Hitomi , Sugimoto Masahiko , Matsubara Hisashi , Kondo Mineo
Published: August 2020

This is the first reported case of a successful resolution of cystic-like foveal cavities in eyes with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) treated with topical ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate, a Rho-associated coiled/coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. A chart review was performed on 1 patient to collect all relevant clinical information and the optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images. A healthy 18-year-old young man presented with bilateral visual disturbances. The patient was diagnosed with XLRS from the spoke-wheel pattern around the macula, negative electroretinograms, and retinoschisis with cystic-like foveal cavities in the OCT images. Significant reductions of the retinoschisis and cystic-like cavities were observed after treatment with topical ripasudil. This is the first case of XLRS that had a resolution of cystic-like foveal cavities after topical ripasudil, a ROCK inhibitor. Since many XLRS patients have a worsening of their visual acuities due to the progressive nature of retinoschisis and cystic-like foveal cavities, topical ripasudil offers a potential treatment option.
Interocular Asymmetry of Visual Field Loss, Intraocular Pressure, and Corneal Parameters in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Jiang Jun Hong , Pan Xia Fei , Lin Zhong , Moonasar Nived , Ye Cong , Zhang Shao Dan , Feng Ke Mi , Liang Yuan Bo
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between the corneal biomechanical parameters and visual field (VF) loss in patients with asymmetric primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: A total of 89 POAG patients (50 males, 56.2%) with asymmetric VF loss, aged 65.2 ± 13.3 years, were enrolled in this study. Asymmetric VF loss was defined as an interocular difference of the global index mean deviation (MD) >2 dB. Intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal biomechanical parameters such as maximum amplitude at the apex of highest concavity (def ampl HC) were measured. The worse eye was defined as the eye with a smaller MD. Results: The worse eyes had lower MD (−11.9 ± 6.7 dB vs. −5.3 ± 5.0 dB; p < 0.001) and higher IOP (14.6 ± 3.3 vs.13.9 ± 2.6 mm Hg, p = 0.04) than the better eyes. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for CCT. The interocular difference of MD (IDMD) was negatively correlated with the interocular difference of IOP (r = −0.22, p = 0.04), while positively correlated with the interocular difference of def ampl HC (r = 0.27, p = 0.01). In patients with moderate asymmetric VF loss (IDMD ≥6 dB), def ampl HC of the worse eyes group (1.07 ± 0.12 mm) was significantly lower than the better eyes group (1.10 ± 0.11 mm, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Asymmetric POAG was associated with asymmetry in IOP and corneal biomechanical parameters but not in CCT. Lower deflection amplitude and higher IOP were found in eyes with more severe VF damage in POAG patients.
Treatment Restrictions and the Risk of Death in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Reinink Hendrik , Konya Burak , Geurts Marjolein , Kappelle L. Jaap , van der Worp H. Bart
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in the first 24 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage have been associated with an increased risk of early death. This relationship is less certain for ischemic stroke. We assessed the relation between treatment restrictions and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. We focused on the timing of treatment restrictions after admission and the type of treatment restriction (DNR order versus more restrictive care).

Methods:

We retrospectively assessed demographic and clinical data, timing and type of treatment restrictions, and vital status at 3 months for 622 consecutive stroke patients primarily admitted to a Dutch university hospital. We used a Cox regression model, with adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, and stroke type and severity.

Results:

Treatment restrictions were installed in 226 (36%) patients, more frequently after intracerebral hemorrhage (51%) than after ischemic stroke (32%). In 187 patients (83%), these were installed in the first 24 hours. Treatment restrictions installed within the first 24 hours after hospital admission and those installed later were independently associated with death at 90 days (adjusted hazard ratios, 5.41 [95% CI, 3.17–9.22] and 5.36 [95% CI, 2.20–13.05], respectively). Statistically significant associations were also found in patients with ischemic stroke and in patients with just an early DNR order. In those who died, the median time between a DNR order and death was 520 hours (interquartile range, 53–737).

Conclusions:

The strong relation between treatment restrictions (including DNR orders) and death and the long median time between a DNR order and death suggest that this relation may, in part, be causal, possibly due to an overall lack of aggressive care.
The Powers of the South African Public Protector: A Note on Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly
Authors: Mhango Mtendeweka , Dyani-Mhango Ntombizozuko
Published: August 2020

The scope of the powers of the Public Protector was one of the main questions for determination by the Constitutional Court in the landmark case of Economic Freedom Fighters vs Speaker of the National Assembly. This note critically examines that case, especially in relation to its finding that the remedial actions of the Public Protector have a binding effect. The note argues that the court erred by ignoring the text and history of the Constitution in its interpretations of the powers of the Public Protector. We argue that the Court got it wrong when it dismissed an argument that the powers of the Public Protector should be sourced from the Public Protector Act and not directly from the Constitution. In its critical analysis of Economic Freedom Fighters vs Speaker of the National Assembly, the note engages with two other related decisions from lower courts.
Himaloconnus Franz and Nogunius gen. n. of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: August 2020

Two genera of Euconnus-like Stenichnini are reported to occur in Japan: Himaloconnus Franz, 1979 and Nogunius gen. n. Specimens of Himaloconnus collected on islands of the Ryukyu archipelago are identified as H. klapperichianus (Franz), previously known to inhabit Taiwan, but morphological differences were found among disjunctive populations and in consequence three new subspecies are proposed: H. klapperichianus yaeyamanus ssp. n. (Yaeyama Islands), H. klapperichianus amamianus ssp. n. (Amami-Ôshima), and H. klapperichianus okinawanus ssp. n. (Okinawa Island). Morphological structures of Japanese Himaloconnus are illustrated in detail and the diagnosis of this genus is emended, to exclude variable characters. Nogunius gen. n. is established to accommodate four species known only from Japan: N. sokani sp. n. (Okinawa Island), N. aogashimanus sp. n. (Aogashima, Izu Islands), N. kerri sp. n. (Ishigaki Island), and N. fukuuzanus sp. n. (Okinawa Island). Identification key to Japanese genera of Stenichnini is updated.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of comprehensive drug price reform: a case study from Shihezi city in Western China
Authors: Lin Taoyu , Wu Zhaohui , Liu Menming , Wu Xiangwei , Zhang Xinping
Published: August 2020

Background

China carried out a comprehensive drug price reform (CDPR) in 2017 to control the growing expense of drug effectively and reduce the financial burden of inpatients. However, early studies in pilot regions found the heterogeneity in the effectiveness of CDPR from different regions and other negative effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the reform on medical expenses, medical service utilisation and government financial reimbursement for inpatients in economically weaker regions.

Methods

Shihezi was selected as the sample city, and 238,620 inpatients, who were covered by basic medical insurance (BMI) and had complete information from September 2016 to August 2018 in public hospitals, were extracted by cluster sampling. An interrupted series design was used to compare the changing trends in medical expenses, medical service utilisation and reimbursement of BMI for inpatients before and after the reform.

Results

Compared with the baseline trends before the CDPR, those after the CDPR were observed with decreased per capita hospitalisation expenses (HE) by ¥301.9 per month (p < 0.001), decreased drug expense (DE) ratio at a rate of 0.32% per month (p < 0.05) and increased ratio of diagnosis and treatment expenses (DTE) at a rate of 0.25% per month (p < 0.01). The number of inpatients in secondary and tertiary hospitals declined by 458 (p < 0.001) and 257 (p < 0.05) per month, respectively. The BMI reimbursement in tertiary hospitals decreased by ¥254.7 per month (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The CDPR controlled the increase in medical expenses effectively and adjusted its structure reasonably. However, it also reduced the medical service utilisation of inpatients in secondary and tertiary hospitals and financial reimbursement for inpatients in tertiary hospitals.
PDX models of human lung squamous cell carcinoma: consideration of factors in preclinical and co-clinical applications
Authors: Jung Hae-Yun , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Jong-Eun , Kim Hong Kwan , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Yong Soo , Shin Sumin , Lee Se-Hoon , Rhee Hwanseok , Lee Hee Kyung , Choi Hyun Jung , Jang Hye Yoon , Lee Seungjae , Kang Jung Hee , Choi Young Ae , Lee Sanghyuk , Lee Jinseon , Choi Yoon La , Kim Jhingook
Published: August 2020

Background

Treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) using current targeted therapies is limited because of their diverse somatic mutations without any specific dominant driver mutations. These mutational diversities preventing the use of common targeted therapies or the combination of available therapeutic modalities would require a preclinical animal model of this tumor to acquire improved clinical responses. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been recognized as a potentially useful preclinical model for personalized precision medicine. However, whether the use of LUSC PDX models would be appropriate enough for clinical application is still controversial.

Methods

In the process of developing PDX models from Korean patients with LUSC, the authors investigated the factors influencing the successful initial engraftment of tumors in NOD scid gamma mice and the retainability of the pathological and genomic characteristics of the parental patient tumors in PDX tumors.

Conclusions

The authors have developed 62 LUSC PDX models that retained the pathological and genomic features of parental patient tumors, which could be used in preclinical and co-clinical studies.

Trial registration Tumor samples were obtained from 139 patients with LUSC between November 2014 and January 2019. All the patients provided signed informed consents. This study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Samsung Medical Center (2018-03-110)
[18F]FDG uptake of the normal spinal cord in PET/MR imaging: comparison with PET/CT imaging
Authors: Aiello Marco , Alfano Vincenzo , Salvatore Elena , Cavaliere Carlo , Picardi Marco , Della Pepa Roberta , Nicolai Emanuele , Soricelli Andrea , Vella Alessandra , Salvatore Marco , Mascalchi Mario
Published: August 2020

Background

The lack of visualization of the spinal cord hinders the evaluation of [18F]Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake of the spinal cord in PET/CT. By exploiting the capability of MRI to precisely outline the spinal cord, we performed a retrospective study aimed to define normal pattern of spinal cord [18F]FDG uptake in PET/MRI.

Methods

Forty-one patients with lymphoma without clinical or MRI signs of spinal cord or bone marrow involvement underwent simultaneous PET and MRI acquisition using Siemens Biograph mMR after injection of 3.5 MBq/kg body weight of [18F]FDG for staging purposes. Using a custom-made software, we placed ROIs of 3 and 9 mm in diameter in the spinal cord, lumbar CSF, and vertebral marrow that were identified on MRI at 5 levels (C2, C5, T6, T12, and L3). The SUVmax, SUVmean, and the SUVmax and SUVmean normalized (NSUVmax and NSUVmean) to the liver were measured. For comparison, the same ROIs were placed in PET-CT images obtained immediately before the PET-MRI acquisition following the same tracer injection.

Results

On PET/MRI using the 3 mm ROI, the following average (all level excluding L3) spinal cord median (1st and 3rd quartile) values were measured: SUVmean, 1.68 (1.39 and 1.83); SUVmax, 1.92 (1.60 and 2.14); NSUVmean, 1.18 (0.93 and 1.36); and NSUVmax, 1.27 (1.01 and 1.33). Using the 9 mm ROI, the corresponding values were SUVmean, 1.41 (1.25–1.55); SUVmax, 2.41 (2.08 and 2.61); NSUVmean, 0.93 (0.79 and 1.04); and NSUVmax, 1.28 (1.02 and 1.39). Using the 3 mm ROI, the highest values of PET-MRI SUVmax, SUVmean, NSUVmax, and NSUVmean were consistently observed at C5 and the lowest at T6. Using a 9 mm ROI, the highest values were consistently observed at C5 and the lowest at T12 or T6. The spinal cord [18F]FDG-uptake values correlated with the bone marrow uptake at the same level, especially in case of NSUVmax. Comparison with PET-CT data revealed that the average SUVmax and SUVmean of the spinal cord were similar in PET-MRI and PET-CT. However, the average NSUVmax and NSUVmean of the spinal cord were higher (range 21–47%) in PET-MRI than in PET-CT.

Conclusions

Using a whole-body protocol, we defined the maximum and mean [18F]FDG uptake of the normal spinal cord in PET/MRI. While the observed values show the expected longitudinal distribution, they appear to be higher than those measured in PET/CT. Normalization of the SUVmax and SUVmean of the spinal cord to the liver radiotracer uptake could help in multi-institutional comparisons and studies.
A note on degenerate poly-Genocchi numbers and polynomials
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Jang Lee-Chae
Published: August 2020

Recently, some mathematicians have been studying a lot of degenerate versions of special polynomials and numbers in some arithmetic and combinatorial aspects. Our research is also interested in this field. In this paper, we introduce a new type of the degenerate poly-Genocchi polynomials and numbers, based on Kim and Kim’s (J. Math. Anal. Appl.487(2):124017, 2020) modified polyexponential function. The paper is divided into two parts. In Sect. 2, we consider a new type of the degenerate poly-Genocchi polynomials and numbers constructed from the modified polyexponential function. We also show several combinatorial identities related to the degenerate poly-Genocchi polynomials and numbers. Some of them include the degenerate and other special polynomials and numbers such as the Stirling numbers of the first kind, the degenerate Stirling numbers of the second kind, degenerate Euler polynomials, degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and Bernoulli numbers of orderα, etc. In Sect. 3, we also introduce the degenerate unipoly Genocchi polynomials attached to an arithmetic function by using the degenerate polylogarithm function. We give some new explicit expressions and identities related to degenerate unipoly Genocchi polynomials and special numbers and polynomials.
A Tale of 2 Tubes for Emergency Management of Airway Obstruction From an Anterior Mediastinal Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Maxwell Sarah K. , Mizubuti Glenio B. , McMullen Michael , Heffernan Paul , Duggan Scott
Published: August 2020

Anterior mediastinal masses are challenging. As induction of general anesthesia may result in complete airway obstruction or hemodynamic collapse, maintaining spontaneous ventilation and advancing the endotracheal tube (ETT) distal to the mass are recommended. We discuss the emergency management of an anterior mediastinal mass-induced near-complete airway obstruction at the carina. Despite maintaining spontaneous ventilation, airway obstruction persisted following placement of the ETT proximal to the obstruction. After advancing the ETT into the right mainstem bronchus distal to the mass, hypoxemia persisted, prompting placement of a second ETT into the left mainstem bronchus to overcome the obstruction and provide adequate oxygenation.
The third model of Bax/Bak activation: a Bcl-2 family feud finally resolved?
Authors: Luo Xu , O'Neill Katelyn L. , Huang Kai
Published: August 2020

Bax and Bak, two functionally similar, pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, are known as the gateway to apoptosis because of their requisite roles as effectors of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a major step during mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The mechanism of how cells turn Bax/Bak from inert molecules into fully active and lethal effectors had long been the focal point of a major debate centered around two competing, but not mutually exclusive, models: direct activation and indirect activation. After intensive research efforts for over two decades, it is now widely accepted that to initiate apoptosis, some of the BH3-only proteins, a subclass of the Bcl-2 family, directly engage Bax/Bak to trigger their conformational transformation and activation. However, a series of recent discoveries, using previously unavailable CRISPR-engineered cell systems, challenge the basic premise that undergirds the consensus and provide evidence for a novel and surprisingly simple model of Bax/Bak activation: the membrane (lipids)-mediated spontaneous model. This review will discuss the evidence, rationale, significance, and implications of this new model.
Foreward
Authors: Frantziou Eleni
Published: August 2020

It is a pleasure to write a foreword for this special issue, which comprises an outstanding selection of submissions arising from the proceedings of the UCL Postgraduate and Early Careers Conference 2017. Having once been involved in the organization of the conference and editing of the UCL Journal of Law and Jurisprudence myself, and indeed having had the honour of participating as a discussant in this conference, I could not be happier to see the fruitful coming together of these activities. Yet the rigour displayed in this issue leaves no room for partiality. The silver thread that connects the five articles that make up this publication is the overarching theme of the 2017 conference: ‘The art of balancing and the role of law in the reconciling of competing interests.’ The contributions provide a new lens through which to approach this perennial debate in law and philosophy. Each in its own way,they offer thoughtful accounts of balancing between civic life, the public interest, and individual rights. Without losing sight of the broader theme, though, the submissions succeed in taking the reader through a variety of legal problems, in line with the generalist outlook that has characterized the journal since its creation.
Principi del «flipped learning» per lo sviluppo dell’interazione orale a livello B1 in italiano come lingua straniera
Authors: Mertelj Darja
Published: August 2020

The paper first brings an overview of spoken interaction in FL and flipped learning principles. This overview is followed by a thorough didactic report on how these two processes can be merged, how teaching materials can be prepared, and how the teaching and learning process can be systematically developed in order to extensively support learners’ efforts to speak at level B1 in Italian as a FL. Both positive and less positive aspects of a one-semester project are discussed. Finally, some conclusive glotodidactic implications stemming from the experience are proposed.
Todos y ninguno. Crónica urbana y reciclaje en la obra de Antonio Muñoz Molina
Authors: González Arce Teresa Georgina
Published: August 2020

Antonio Muñoz Molina, inicia su carrera literaria como periodista cultural del Diario de Granada, medio en el cual aparecieron, entre 1982 y 1983, las crónicas urbanas que un año más tarde habrían de conformar lo que sería su primer libro: El Robinson urbano (1984). En el prólogo de la reedición que Seix Barral hizo en 1993, Pere Gimferrer advertía el esmero estilístico de la prosa de Muñoz Molina y apuntaba que la Granada urbana del autor de Beatus ille y El invierno en Lisboa podía ser todas las ciudades y ninguna. En 2018, Muñoz Molina publica Un andar solitario entre la gente, un texto desbordado, ruidoso y disgregado, como las mismas ciudades que evoca. Ambas obras son los cabos de una trayectoria marcada por el flâneur, esa figura que nace con Poe, adquiere forma en Baudelaire, es interpretada por Benjamin y conforma una tradición literaria de caminantes que pasean por la ciudad moderna con una mirada al mismo tiempo fascinada, receptiva y crítica. Tanto Un andar solitario entre la gente como El Robinson urbano tienen en común la integración de elementos ficcionales en un género referencial como la crónica periodística. En este artículo trataré de destacar los nexos que unen estas dos obras e intentaré relacionarlas con lo que considero más relevante en la propuesta que presenta Muñoz Molina en este peculiar relato urbano del siglo XXI.
Solyntus, the New Highly Contiguous Reference Genome for Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: van Lieshout Natascha , van der Burgt Ate , de Vries Michiel E. , ter Maat Menno , Eickholt David , Esselink Danny , van Kaauwen Martijn P. W. , Kodde Linda P. , Visser Richard G. F. , Lindhout Pim , Finkers Richard
Published: August 2020

With the rapid expansion of the application of genomics and sequencing in plant breeding, there is a constant drive for better reference genomes. In potato (Solanum tuberosum), the third largest food crop in the world, the related speciesS. phureja, designated “DM”, has been used as the most popular reference genome for the last 10 years. Here, we introduce thede novosequenced genome of Solyntus as the next standard reference in potato genome studies. A trueSolanum tuberosummade up of 116 contigs that is also highly homozygous, diploid, vigorous and self-compatible, Solyntus provides a more direct and contiguous reference then ever before available. It was constructed by sequencing with state-of-the-art long and short read technology and assembled with Canu. The 116 contigs were assembled into scaffolds to form each pseudochromosome, with three contigs to 17 contigs per chromosome. This assembly contains 93.7% of the single-copy gene orthologs from the Solanaceae set and has an N50 of 63.7 Mbp. The genome and related files can be found athttps://www.plantbreeding.wur.nl/Solyntus/. With the release of this research line and its draft genome we anticipate many exciting developments in (diploid) potato research.
Robert McCauley and Ernest Thomas Lawson, Philosophical Foundations of the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Van Eyghen Hans
Published: August 2020

Robert McCauley and Ernest Thomas Lawson, Philosophical Foundations of the Cognitive Science of Religion
Jonathan H. Turner, Alexandra Maryanski, Anders Klostergaard Petersen, and Armin W. Geertz, The Emergence and Evolution of Religion: By Means of Natural Selection
Authors: Kundtová Klocová Eva
Published: August 2020

Jonathan H. Turner, Alexandra Maryanski, Anders Klostergaard Petersen, and Armin W. Geertz, The Emergence and Evolution of Religion: By Means of Natural Selection
Breaches of Trust Change the Content and Structure of Religious Appeals
Authors: PurzyckI Benjamin Grant , Stagnaro Michael N. , Sasaki Joni
Published: August 2020

Considerable work suggests that social and environmental pressures can influence religious commitment, the content of beliefs, and features of ritual. Some ecologically minded theories of religion posit that crosscultural variation in beliefs and practices can be partly explained by their utility in addressing persistent threats to cooperation and coordination. However, little experimental work has assessed whether or not socioecological pressures can generate systematic variation in the content and structure of specific beliefs. Here, we assess the causal pathway between social ecology and beliefs by experimentally examining whether or not the content of freely elicited beliefs about God’s concerns change because of breaches of trust. We find that riskily investing in others and receiving no return or delaying the outcome in an economic Trust Game experiment increases the chances of claiming that greed angers God. These results suggest that religious cognition flexibly attends to social ecology and can therefore plausibly evolve in ways that address breaches in cooperative pursuits.
Two problems in the theory of disjointness preserving operators
Authors: TURAN Bahri , ÖZCAN Kazim
Published: August 2020

In this short note, our aim is to solve two problems in the theory of disjointness preserving operators. Firstly, we obtain the converse direction of Hart's Theorem which was given in [D.R. Hart, Some properties of disjointness preserving operators, Mathematics Proceedings, 1985]. As a result, we get an affirmative solution of an open problem given by Y.A. Abramovich and A.K. Kitover in [Inverses of disjointness preserving operators, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 2000].
Working paper respecto al conocimiento de marca aplicado a embajadores o voceros de marca en Facebook: Implicaciones estratégicas para su contratación y uso en mercadeo.
Authors: Lozano Maria Carolina
Published: August 2020

Entendiendo que el presente documento constituye un "Working Papers" cuyo propósito es alojar el avance de los proyectos de investigación desarrollados en la Maestría de la IUPG, bajo la categoría de "literatura gris" proyectado a un artículo publicable en revista indexada, el resumen de este documento consiste en<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Carolina/Desktop/Maestria/Art%C3%ADculo%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n/Trabajo%20Final/Entrega%20final%201/Entrega%2024%20abril%20-%20Leonardo%20Ortegon%20y%20Javier%20Sanchez/Articulo%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n.docx#_ftn1">[1]: En la actualidad los gerentes de marca están retados a crear y promover estrategias para captar la atención de los prosumidores que cada vez se suman a consultar las opiniones y mensajes de los embajadores de marcas y así confirmar su concepto y decisión de compra,  por lo cual se ha convertido en un canal interesante donde se deben desarrollar estrategias y tácticas para posicionar marcas y así comunicar mejor los beneficios de los productos y servicios. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el conocimiento de marca aplicado a los embajadores o voceros de marca por parte de sus seguidores de Facebook en un conjunto de distintos productos y servicios que se ofrecen en esta red social. Para tal propósito, se ha diseñado un estudio descriptivo correlacional utilizando la técnica de encuesta aplicada a 384 seguidores de algún embajador de marca. Se espera que los resultados aporten información al estado del concepto de conocimiento de marca, particularmente en el ámbito de los embajadores de marca en la red social Facebook.

<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Carolina/Desktop/Maestria/Art%C3%ADculo%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n/Trabajo%20Final/Entrega%20final%201/Entrega%2024%20abril%20-%20Leonardo%20Ortegon%20y%20Javier%20Sanchez/Articulo%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n.docx#_ftnref1">[1] Este documento representa un “Working Paper" bajo la categoría de literatura gris. No se autoriza la publicación parcial o total de este documento en ninguna plataforma divulgativa de conocimiento académico, profesional o científico. Únicamente se autoriza la divulgación del título, autores, asesores, resumen y palabras claves en los medios que se encuentran estipulados por la Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano.
Valor de marca de centros comerciales. Dimensionalidad e implicaciones prácticas de marketing.
Authors: Zambrano Venegas Andrea Maria
Published: August 2020

El valor de marca (Brand Equity) ha evolucionado de tal forma que su importancia se ha presentado como un bien intangible con amplia trascendencia dentro de las empresas y de gran valor para los consumidores. De la misma forma entrega un efecto diferencial del conocimiento del centro comercial sobre los estímulos de los compradores a las campañas publicitarias del mismo. Se perciben que existen variedad en las definiciones de valor de marca siendo tradicionales de estudio la conciencia de marca (notoriedad), asociación de marca (imagen), calidad percibida y lealtad de marca (fidelidad), identificándose así un factor diferencial en la respuesta del consumidor ante el centro comercial de su predilección.
La importancia del pensamiento crítico en la administración contemporánea
Authors: C. Santisteban Sebastián
Published: August 2020

Pensar críticamente los fenómenos sociales y económicos contemporáneos constituye un soporte fundamental para que la reflexión académica pueda asumir una posición ética y epistemológica valiosa y acorde a los grandes retos de hoy. Esa postura debe servir, además, para explorar los distintos aspectos institucionales y organizacionales de la vida de las organizaciones y apuntar a entender los diferentes modos en que el sujeto se relaciona en su interior a partir de una serie de prácticas hegemónicas y de resistencia. Esto implica, a su vez, definir y problematizar operativamente una teoría acorde del discurso que sirva para superar ciertas interpretaciones internalizadas e institucionalizadas que usualmente desechan todo tipo de pensamiento queno sea de corte positivista y funcionalista a fin a los supuestos básicos del capitalismo moderno.En este sentido se debe reconocer que tradicionalmente los estudios de la administración y las organizaciones han sido abordados como meros servidores y reproductores directos del sistema hegemónico del capital (Cassis and Minoglou, 2005; Hébert and Link, 2009; Murphy, 1986; Nesterov, 2015).Una posición ética y epistemológica ―de naturaleza crítica en el estudio de las organizaciones― resulta muy útil para problematizar, por ejemplo, el supuesto protagonismo de distintas corrientes teóricas y nociones como la psicología de la felicidad en el trabajo, el coaching y las técnicas de autocrecimiento que propenden por una producción más eficiente y ágil (Vidaillet, 2013).
Tendencias mundiales de la implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera. Un estudio bibliométrico del período 1989 a 2018
Authors: Fuentes Doria Deivi David , Toscano Hernández Aníbal , García Alarcón Héctor
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir las principales características bibliográficas de la producción científica mundial relacionada con la implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera ―NIIF―. A partir de un análisis descriptivo de la evolución cuantitativa de las citaciones, redes de colaboración internacional, productividad de los principales autores y términos frecuentes en las publicaciones científicas.Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico de revistas científicas indexadas en Scopus a través del software VOSviewer que facilita la visualización de mapas bibliométricos. Lo anterior, permite obtener una visión general de las tendencias de la investigación científica relacionada con la implementación de las NIIF. Este es el primer estudio bibliométrico que  informa sobre las principales redes de colaboración y los clústeres temáticos de la produccióncientífica relacionada con la implementación de estas normas en las organizaciones a nivel mundial. La estrategia de búsqueda empleada identificó 1224 documentos de producción científica que permiten visualizar la importancia de este campo de estudio en la literatura académica, lo que se refleja en un incremento del 99 % en el número de publicaciones anuales entre 1989 y 2018. Dada la rigurosidad de la metodología, y el enfoque global delámbito de estudio, los resultados del documento facilitan la identificación efectiva de las direcciones de la investigación sobre la implementación de las NIIF en las organizaciones.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE COPING UTILIZADAS POR PACIENTES VÍTIMAS DE ACIDENTE MOTOCICLÍSTICO
Authors: Lopes de Paiva Karen , Barradas Cavalcante Tamires , Dos Santos Corrêa Thayanne
Published: August 2020

O impacto de um acidente de trânsito pode ir muito além de consequências físicas às vítimas, afetando-as socialmente e emocionalmente, podendo causar na vítima desequilíbrios no bem-estar físico, mental e social. Para que seja possível retornar ao equilíbrio, é necessário que o sujeito se engaje em estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) adequadas à sua situação. Assim, neste estudo buscou-se observar a presença de estratégias de coping nas falas de pacientes vítimas de acidente motociclístico internadas em uma clínica ortopédica de um hospital niversitário. A amostra foi composta de 41 sujeitos hospitalizados. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, sendo as categorias criadas a partir da comparação das falas dos participantes às assertivas trazidas no Inventário de Estratégias de Coping, de Lazarus e Folkman. O fator confronto foi o mais observado nas falas analisadas (46,3%), sendo a aceitação de responsabilidade a estratégia menos encontrada (2,4%). Conhecer as características clínicas e socioemocionais dos pacientes pode proporcionar melhor assistência no pós-operatório dos usuários por parte da equipe de saúde, que pode incentivar os sujeitos ao enfrentamento mais funcional da situação.
JOHN DEWEY CONTRIBUIÇÕES EDUCACIONAIS: UM NOVO MODO DE PENSAR A ESCOLA
Authors: Chem de Souza do Rosário Gabriela , Aparecida Pinheiro de Almeida Simone
Published: August 2020

A presente pesquisa se constitui como um breve estudo bibliográfico, que objetivou discutir as contribuições de John Dewey como teórico que pensava e escrevia sobre e para a educação, considerando suas principais propostas para uma nova concepção de escola. Por meio da análise de algumas de suas obras como Democracia e educação (1959); Vida e educação (1975); e Experiência e educação (2010), abordam-se conceitos fundantes no pensamento do autor para a construção de uma nova proposta educativa, essa análise é feita a partir de sua crítica à escola e ao ensino tradicional. As discussões abordadas refletem a intencionalidade do autor em inovar a escola e a educação por meio da centralidade do aluno no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, da atuação mediadora do professor a partir do conceito de experiência.
A PERCEPÇÃO DO ESTUDANTE ESTAGIÁRIO SOBRE AS AÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR
Authors: Maria da Silva Caraçato de Sousa Yedda , Solera Bruna , Gabriela Júlio Watebank Ana , Barbosa Anversa Ana Luiza , Paludett Flores Patric , Aparecido Bássoli de Oliveira Amauri , De Souza Vânia de Fátima Matias
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo objetivou analisar como o estágio curricular supervisionado auxilia na constituição da identidade profissional de estudantes de cursos de licenciatura em educação física, e se um modelo de estágio curricular supervisionado com base na ação interventiva e reflexiva no cotidiano da prática escolar influencia efetivamente na constituição da identidade profissional dos estudantes estagiários. Sustentado, em um modelo de pesquisa descritiva, com viés qualitativo, tendo como método de coleta de dados o grupo focal, a pesquisa foi constituída por sete participantes. Como categorias temáticas elegidas foram: a) inserção no campo de trabalho; b) identificação como professor; c) potencialidades e fragilidades da prática; e, d) experiência do estágio. A partir das análises de categorias das temáticas, evidenciou-se que as relações entre o estágio e a construção da identidade profissional encontram-se associadas, e que as experiências prévias promovidas pelo curso consolidam as potencialidades da atuação do futuro profissional. Observou-se que, a estrutura e organicidade do estágio ainda se encontram como os pontos frágeis para a inserção do sujeito nos espaços interventivos, mas apresenta como potencialidades a relação de apropriação e desenvolvimento da formação profissional para a sua formação.
Species and coenotic composition of phytocoenoses in Jurassic clay dumps of the Callovian layer of the Mikhailovsky Mining and Processing Plant of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Golovastikova Antonina V. , Nagornaya Olga V.
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of research on overgrowth rate in Jurassic clay dumps of the Callovian layer of the Mikhailovsky mining and processing plant of the Kursk magnetic anomaly with herbaceous and woody-shrub vegetation. The authors have revealed some features of dumps overgrowth of different dumping times (5, 15, 25 years) and the nature of various exposures of dumps overgrowth. The study has shown that by the age of 5 a pioneer grouping is formed on the Callovian clay, where the dominant species are the coltsfoot Tussilago farfara L. and the meadow horsetail Eguisetum pratense Ehrh. By the age of 15 a thicket-group community is formed, belonging to the category of simple, since it is represented by single species or has a bed character of overgrowth with a small number of weeds and meadow species. The authors have established that by the age of 25 the predominant types of overgrowth are group-thicket communities, where edificant species (the silver birch Betula pendula Roth and the common pine Pinus sylvestris L.) have a sparse distribution. It was found that the areas occupied by grassy vegetation on 25-year-old dumps in general have a bed character of overgrowth and are represented by monodominant communities of medicinal melon, which has a two-year period of development. At intervals of a year, with a dominance of the coltsfoot and the dandelion medicinal Taraxacum officinale L., the projective coverage reaches one hundred percent. A number of ruderal and meadow species (yarrow Achillea millefolium L., coltsfoot, narrow-leaved cypress Chamerion angustifolium L., forest parsnip Pastinaca sylvestris Mill., dandelion medicinal, sagebrush Artemisia compestris L., meadow bluegrass Poa pratensis L.) have a relatively sparse distribution. Additionally, the distribution of species depending on the exposure of slopes is described. The authors present species composition, projection coating and the number of plants and species per 1 m for all dumps. The dependence of the coenotic composition of vegetation on the age of dumps is established.