bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The "Champagne Tower" of Science Publishing
Authors: Siebert Sabina
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the hierarchical nature of science publishing, whereby journals are organized in tiers with the most prestigious elite journals at the top (Cell, Nature, Science), and lowest-ranked journals at the bottom. When rejected from the top-tier journals, authors usually aim for a lower tier of journals, with some choosing smaller, specialist journals for the outlet of their work. Recently, however, a differentmechanism of cascading the papers down the hierarchy of journals has become popular, i.e., editors arrange to pass the rejected papers, with the authors’ permission, to their “sister journals” bearing the same brand. These transfer arrangements may be seen beneficial for the authors, as they reduce the publication time, but they also pose difficulties for smaller specialist journals that lose their shareof the market and experience a fall in manuscript submissions.
The effect of biochar amendments on phenanthrene sorption, desorption and mineralisation in different soils
Authors: Moreno Jiménez Eduardo , Aceña-Heras Sara , Fristak Vladimir , Heinze Stefanie , Marschner Bernd
Published: June 2018

The contamination of soils and waters with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), affect a large number of sites worldwide that need remediation. In this context soils amendments can be used to immobilise PAHs while maintaining soil functioning, with biochar being a promising amendment. In this experiment phenantrene (Phe) was used as a frequent PAH contaminating soils and we studied the effect of three biochars at 1% applications to three different substrates, two agricultural topsoils and pure sand. We evaluated the changes in soil properties, sorption-desorption of Phe, and mineralisation of Phe in all treatments. Phe in pure sand was effectively sorbed to olive pruning (OBC) and rice husk (RBC) biochars, but pine biochar (PBC) was not as effective. In the soils, OBC and RBC only increased sorption of Phe in the silty soil. Desorption was affected by biochar application, RBC and OBC decreased water soluble Phe independently of the soil, which may be useful in preventing leaching of Phe into natural waters. Contrastingly, OBC and RBC slightly decreased the mineralisation of Phe in the soils, thus indicating lower bioavailability of the contaminant. Overall, biochar effects in the two tested soils were low, most likely due to the rather high soil organic C (SOC) contents of 2.2 and 2.8% with Koc values in the same range as those of the biochars. However, OBC and RBC additions can substantially increase adsorption of Phe in soils poor in SOC.
Cell size sensing in animal cells coordinates anabolic growth rates and cell cycle progression to maintain cell size uniformity
Authors: Ginzberg Miriam Bracha , Chang Nancy , D'Souza Heather , Patel Nish , Kafri Ran , Kirschner Marc W
Published: June 2018

Cell size uniformity in healthy tissues suggests that control mechanisms might coordinate cell growth and division. We derived a method to assay whether cellular growth rates depend on cell size, by monitoring how variance in size changes as cells grow. Our data revealed that, twice during the cell cycle, growth rates are selectively increased in small cells and reduced in large cells, ensuring cell size uniformity. This regulation was also observed directly by monitoring nuclear growth in live cells. We also detected cell-size-dependent adjustments of G1 length, which further reduce variability. Combining our assays with chemical/genetic perturbations confirmed that cells employ two strategies, adjusting both cell cycle length and growth rate, to maintain the appropriate size. Additionally, although Rb signaling is not required for these regulatory behaviors, perturbing Cdk4 activity still influences cell size, suggesting that the Cdk4 pathway may play a role in designating the cell’s target size.
Dynamics of ribosomes and release factors during translation termination in E. coli
Authors: Adio Sarah , Sharma Heena , Senyushkina Tamara , Karki Prajwal , Maracci Cristina , Wohlgemuth Ingo , Holtkamp Wolf , Peske Frank , Rodnina Marina V
Published: June 2018

Release factors RF1 and RF2 promote hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA during translation termination. The GTPase RF3 promotes recycling of RF1 and RF2. Using single molecule FRET and biochemical assays, we show that ribosome termination complexes that carry two factors, RF1–RF3 or RF2–RF3, are dynamic and fluctuate between non-rotated and rotated states, whereas each factor alone has its distinct signature on ribosome dynamics and conformation. Dissociation of RF1 depends on peptide release and the presence of RF3, whereas RF2 can dissociate spontaneously. RF3 binds in the GTP-bound state and can rapidly dissociate without GTP hydrolysis from termination complex carrying RF1. In the absence of RF1, RF3 is stalled on ribosomes if GTP hydrolysis is blocked. Our data suggest how the assembly of the ribosome–RF1–RF3–GTP complex, peptide release, and ribosome fluctuations promote termination of protein synthesis and recycling of the release factors.
A facile approach for the in vitro assembly of multimeric membrane transport proteins
Authors: Riederer Erika A , Focke Paul J , Georgieva Elka R , Akyuz Nurunisa , Matulef Kimberly , Borbat Peter P , Freed Jack H , Blanchard Scott C , Boudker Olga , Valiyaveetil Francis I
Published: June 2018

Membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters are frequently homomeric. The homomeric nature raises important questions regarding coupling between subunits and complicates the application of techniques such as FRET or DEER spectroscopy. These challenges can be overcome if the subunits of a homomeric protein can be independently modified for functional or spectroscopic studies. Here, we describe a general approach for in vitro assembly that can be used for the generation of heteromeric variants of homomeric membrane proteins. We establish the approach using GltPh, a glutamate transporter homolog that is trimeric in the native state. We use heteromeric GltPh transporters to directly demonstrate the lack of coupling in substrate binding and demonstrate how heteromeric transporters considerably simplify the application of DEER spectroscopy. Further, we demonstrate the general applicability of this approach by carrying out the in vitro assembly of VcINDY, a Na+-coupled succinate transporter and CLC-ec1, a Cl-/H+ antiporter.
Journal clubs in the time of preprints
Authors: Avasthi Prachee , Soragni Alice , Bembenek Joshua N
Published: June 2018

Early-career researchers can learn about peer review by discussing preprints at journal clubs and sending feedback to the authors.
Two new species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of China
Authors: Hong Xin , Li Zhong-Lin , Liu Jia-Zhi , Zhou Shou-Biao , Qin Wei-Hua , Wen Fang
Published: June 2018

The limestone karst area of South China is a major biodiversity hotspot of global terrestrial biomes. During extensive field work on the Guangxi limestone formations, two unknown species of Gesneriaceae were collected. After conducting a comprehensive study of the literature and herbarium specimens, Primulina davidioides and P. hiemalis are recognized as two species new to science, and described and illustrated here. P. davidioides is morphologically close to P. lunglinensis based on the shape of the leaf and flower, but it can be easily distinguished by the shape of the bracts, corolla and stigma, indumentum of peduncles, pedicels and pistil and number of staminodes. P. hiemalis is closely relate to P. luzhaiensis in vegetative appearance, but differs in the shape of the calyx and stigma, number of bracts and staminodes, indumentum of the leaf blade and peduncle, and position of stamens in the corolla tube. Considering that not enough is known about their populations, it is proposed that their conservation statuses should currently be classed as data deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Category and Criteria.
Trace fossils on dinosaur bones reveal ecosystem dynamics along the coast of eastern North America during the latest Cretaceous
Authors: Brownstein Chase D.
Published: June 2018

Direct evidence of paleoecological processes is often rare when the fossil record is poor, as in the case of the Cretaceous of eastern North America. Here, I describe a femur and partial tibia shaft assignable to theropods from two Late Cretaceous sites in New Jersey. The former, identifiable as the femur of a large ornithomimosaur, bears several scores interpreted as shark feeding traces. The tibia shaft has punctures and flaked bone from the bites of mid-sized crocodyliforms, the first documented occurrence of crocodyliform traces on dinosaur bone from the Maastrichtian of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The surface of the partial tibia is also littered with indentations interpreted as the traces of invertebrates, revealing a microcosm of biological interaction on the coastal seafloor of the Cretaceous Atlantic Ocean. Massive crocodyliforms, such asDeinosuchus rugosusand the slightly smallerDeltasuchus motherali, maintained the role of terrestrial vertebrate taphonomic process drivers in eastern North America during the Cretaceous. The report of crocodyliform bite marks on the ornithomimosaur tibia shaft in this manuscript reinforces the importance of the role of crocodyliforms in the modification of terrestrial vertebrate remains during the Cretaceous in North America. The preserved invertebrate traces add to the sparse record of the presence of barnacles and other marine invertebrates on dinosaur bone, and the evidence of shark feeding on the ornithomimosaur femur support the “bloat-and-float” model of terrestrial vertebrate fossil deposition in marine deposits from the Cretaceous of eastern North America.
Fish Skin: A Natural Inspiration for Innovation
Authors: Drelich Adam J. , Monteiro Sergio N. , Brookins Jeffrey , Drelich Jaroslaw W.
Published: June 2018

Natural materials and the structures they form, developed and perfected through millions of years of evolution, have long inspired researchers for innovations in science and engineering. One example, fish scales are notable for their strength, toughness, flexibility, and lightweight. These properties are the result of collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals that have been arranged into three‐layer structures through mechanical locking and chemical bonds, via a process that is still poorly understood. This review aims to compile the established knowledge on the composition, structure, and surface/interfacial features of fish scales. Using mainly Arapaima gigas as a focus, published information and supplementary data acquired through imaging, analytical techniques, and tensiometry are combined. This is done to take a closer look at the surfaces and interfaces of fish scales to identify their unique features and begin to overcome some of the limited understanding of surface functionalities that are created by nature.
Unraveling the Water Impermeability Discrepancy in CVD‐Grown Graphene
Authors: Kwak Jinsung , Kim Se‐Yang , Jo Yongsu , Kim Na Yeon , Kim Sung Youb , Lee Zonghoon , Kwon Soon‐Yong
Published: June 2018

Graphene has recently attracted particular interest as a flexible barrier film preventing permeation of gases and moistures. However, it has been proved to be exceptionally challenging to develop large‐scale graphene films with little oxygen and moisture permeation suitable for industrial uses, mainly due to the presence of nanometer‐sized defects of obscure origins. Here, the origins of water permeable routes on graphene‐coated Cu foils are investigated by observing the micrometer‐sized rusts in the underlying Cu substrates, and a site‐selective passivation method of the nanometer‐sized routes is devised. It is revealed that nanometer‐sized holes or cracks are primarily concentrated on graphene wrinkles rather than on other structural imperfections, resulting in severe degradation of its water impermeability. They are found to be predominantly induced by the delamination of graphene bound to Cu as a release of thermal stress during the cooling stage after graphene growth, especially at the intersection of the Cu step edges and wrinkles owing to their higher adhesion energy. Furthermore, the investigated routes are site‐selectively passivated by an electron‐beam‐induced amorphous carbon layer, thus a substantial improvement in water impermeability is achieved. This approach is likely to be extended for offering novel barrier properties in flexible films based on graphene and on other atomic crystals.
New Frontiers in Electron Beam–Driven Chemistry in and around Graphene
Authors: Rummeli Mark H. , Ta Huy Q. , Mendes Rafael G. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Ignacio G. , Zhao Liang , Gao Jing , Fu Lei , Gemming Thomas , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Liu Zhongfan
Published: June 2018

Modern aberration corrected transmission electron microscopes offer the potential for electron beam sensitive materials, such as graphene, to be examined with low energy electrons to minimize, and even avoid, damage while still affording atomic resolution, and thus providing excellent characterization. Here in this review, the exploits in which the electron beam interactions, which are often considered negative, are explored to usefully drive a wealth of chemistry in and around graphene, importantly, with no other external stimuli. After introducing the technique, this review covers carbon phase reactions between amorphous carbon, graphene, fullerenes, carbon chains, and carbon nanotubes. It then explores different studies with clusters and nanoparticles, followed by coverage of single atom and molecule interactions with graphene, and finally concludes and highlights the anticipated exciting future for electron beam driving chemistry in and around graphene.
Epitaxial Growth of Single‐Layer Niobium Selenides with Controlled Stoichiometric Phases
Authors: Cheng Fang , Ding Zijing , Xu Hai , Tan Sherman J. R. , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Su Jie , Zhou Pinjia , Martin Jens , Loh Kian Ping
Published: June 2018

The phase diagram of 2D monolayer material often differs from the bulk crystal due to electronic instability and interactions with the substrate. At the monolayer level, stoichiometric phases can transform into substoichiometric crystalline phases due to changes in chemical potential, however conditions leading to this are still relatively unexplored. Here, the growth of two distinct phases of niobium selenide by tuning the chemical potential during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is demonstrated. NbSe2 monolayers are grown on Au(111) under Se‐rich (low Nb:Se flux ratio) condition, whereas a new phase of niobium selenide (NbSex) monolayers is formed under Nb‐rich (high Nb:Se flux ratio) condition. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy are employed to investigate the geometric and electronic structures of the as‐grown NbSe2 and NbSex phases. The NbSex phase is identified as Nb9Se8 through experimental and theoretical investigation; its distorted single‐layer structure indicates a dimensionality induced reconstruction compared with its bulk counterpart (Nb3Se4). This work shows that MBE affords a high degree of control in growing complex chemical phases, which should be applicable to other metallic transition metal dichalcogenides system.
A Smart Artificial Finger with Multisensations of Matter, Temperature, and Proximity
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhu Rong
Published: June 2018

Smart robots interact with their environment or collaborators through acquiring information from their visual, acoustic, and tactile sensing systems, which are developed into a high sophisticated stage. However, expedient and fast sense perceptions for safety and intelligent control of collaborative robots still remain great challenges. Here, a smart artificial finger with multisensations of matter, temperature, and proximity, which enriches its sensory system for comprehensive learning of the object it touches is proposed. The finger sensor is composed of two thermosensitive platinum ribbons on a polyimide substrate, which detect thermal properties of surroundings, that is, temperature and thermal conductivity, from which surrounding matter is identified. The sensor has a large range of detectability for discriminating diverse matters from cotton to metal, perceiving temperature stimulus and approaching object. The applications of identifying matter type, sensing proximity distance, and monitoring moisture and temperature of human skin are demonstrated. The smart finger provides promising approaches to enhance intelligence and safety of smart robots.
Ultrahigh Power Efficiency Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLEDs by the Strategic Use of Electron‐Transport Materials
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Sato Ryo , Suzuki Katsuaki , Watanabe Yuichiro , Adachi Chihaya , Kaji Hironori , Kido Junji
Published: June 2018

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are one of the most promising candidates for developing low‐cost organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) that can achieve an internal quantum efficiency of 100%. However, the power efficiency values are still significantly lower than that of their phosphorescent counterparts. To achieve high power efficiency, both a high external quantum efficiency and low drive voltage are required. Here, TADF OLEDs with an ultrahigh power efficiency of 133 lm W−1 and an unprecedented low turn‐on voltage of 2.22 V are successfully developed via the strategic use of electron‐transport materials (ETMs). 9‐[4‐(4,6‐Diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl]‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3,6‐diamine as a TADF emitter is used. A series of green TADF OLEDs are fabricated using two different types of pyrimidine‐based ETMs as an exciplex host partner and electron‐transport layer to minimize the drive voltages. The optimized device shows an external quantum efficiency of 29.2% and maximum power efficiency of 133.2 lm W−1 without any light‐outcoupling enhancement. The device also shows 124.0 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2 and 95.2 lm W−1 at a high brightness of 1000 cd m−2. The drive voltages are 2.48 V at 100 cd m−2 and 2.88 V at 1000 cd m−2.
Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Urbas Augustine M. , Li Quan
Published: June 2018

Remote driving of functional hybrid soft materials for various applications is emerging as an enabling pursuit. Toward this end, soft materials driven by photothermal agents have been attracting tremendous attention from both fundamental science and technological applications points of view. These stimuli‐responsive materials combine the beneficial attributes of both classes of promising materials, i.e., soft materials and photothermal agents. Both inorganic and organic photothermal agents have been incorporated into the matrices of soft materials. Metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, and organic photothermal agents have been impregnated into the matrices of liquid crystals, polymers, and gels that can be remotely driven by light irradiation. In this review, the remote driving of functional hybrid soft materials and their various applications are discussed. Photothermal functional nanocomposites are demonstrated to act as actuators, therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, microvalves, etc. Smart and adaptive systems are realized by dispersing photothermal agents into soft matter matrices. Challenges and opportunities in this fascinating frontier are outlined.
Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres as Broadband Saturable Absorbers for Pulsed Laser Generation
Authors: Wang Fang , Jing Ying , Kang Zhe , Zhou Libo , Li Zhenrui , Liu Mingyi , Wang Tao , Yao Chuanfei , Chen Haobin , Qin Weiping , Qiao Zhen‐An , Qin Guanshi , Wu Changfeng
Published: June 2018

Broadband pulsed laser generation is demonstrated by using mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) as saturable absorbers (SAs). The MCNs are prepared by a “silica‐assisted” method, and then mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to form the MCNs film. The film not only shows strong absorption from visible to mid‐infrared spectral region, but also possesses the nonlinear saturable absorption properties. As the MCNs film is inserted into the laser cavity, a mode‐locked laser at 1 µm and Q‐switched lasers at 1.56 and 2 µm are realized, respectively. In addition, by depositing the MCNs onto tapered fiber as an SA, a mode‐locked fiber laser at 2 µm is also demonstrated. The results show that MCNs are promising SA material for broadband pulsed laser generation.
Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions for Synthesis of Fluorinated 3,3′‐Bisoxindoles
Authors: Li Bing‐Yu , Du Da‐Ming
Published: June 2018

A squaramide‐catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3‐fluorooxindoles to isatin‐derived imines for synthesis of fluorinated 3,3′‐bisoxindoles with two contiguous stereocenters under mild conditions was developed. The corresponding 3,3′‐bisoxindoles were obtained in excellent yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, >99:1 dr and >99% ee). What's more, this reaction can be gram‐scaled without compromising yield and stereoselectivity.

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Metal‐Organic Framework‐Derived Carbons for Battery Applications
Authors: Li Xiaxia , Zheng Shasha , Jin Ling , Li Yan , Geng Pengbiao , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2018

The applications of carbon and carbon‐based materials with high porosity, high surface area, and functionalities based on metal‐organic framework precursors and/or templates have attracted significant research interest in recent years, particularly in the field of batteries. The chemical and physical properties of carbon and carbon‐based materials obtained by the heat treatment of various metal‐organic framework precursors or templates are improved to a certain extent. In this comprehensive review, the synthetic methods and electrochemical performance of carbon materials derived from metal‐organic frameworks (metal/carbon, metal oxide/carbon, nitrogen‐doped carbon, porous carbon, etc.) along with their applications in batteries are outlined.
Effect of the CaO sintering on the calcination rate of CaCO3 under atmospheres containing CO2
Authors: Maya Juan C. , Chejne Farid , Gómez Carlos A. , Bhatia Suresh K.
Published: June 2018

For the calcination of CaCO3 under CO2‐containing atmospheres, a mathematical model taking into account the CO2‐catalyzed sintering of the CaO product layer is developed. In this model, a modified shrinking core model is coupled with a population balance‐based sintering model. By comparing model predictions with experimental data, it is found that CO2 strongly affects the overall calcination rate both at high temperature and CO2 partial pressure, since under these conditions CaO densification considerably reduces the effective diffusivity of CO2 within product layer. It is observed that for large particles, the CO2‐catalyzed sintering of CaO can produce the “die off” phenomenon, which takes place when the reaction stops due to the blockage of pores within product layer. Finally, it was determined that limestone impurities do not significantly affect the calcination reaction under atmospheres containing CO2, because CO2 causes a much greater increase of the CaO sintering rate than limestone impurities do. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3638–3648, 2018
Promoted adsorption of CO2 on amine‐impregnated adsorbents by functionalized ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Fujian , Huang Kuan , Jiang Lilong
Published: June 2018

Amine‐impregnated adsorbents are promising alternatives to aqueous amines for CO2 capture. However, the diffusion‐controlled CO2 adsorption process is a significant issue associated with them, resulting in the insufficient utilization of amine groups. Herein, we propose the use of functionalized ionic liquids 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][Ac]) with chemical reactivity to CO2 and low viscosity as the additive to amine‐impregnated adsorbents. The key is that [emim][Ac] does not show drastic increase in viscosity after reacting with CO2. Taking the polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐impregnated SBA‐15 as a model system, it is found that the CO2 capacities of PEI/SBA‐15 composites are improved by 86%, and the active site efficiencies are improved by 270%, after the addition of [emim][Ac]. The addition of [emim][Ac] to PEI/SBA‐15 composites also helps improve the CO2 adsorption rate and recycling stability of composites. Therefore, [emim][Ac] offers the opportunity to fabricate amine‐impregnated adsorbents with simultaneously improved CO2 capacities, adsorption kinetics, and recycling stability. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3671–3680, 2018
How Family Therapy Stole My Interiority and Was Then Rescued by Open Dialogue
Authors: Rhodes Paul
Published: June 2018

This paper serves as a naive autoethnography, based on the effect of open dialogue training on my practice as a systemic family therapist. It follows a beginner's attempt at a newly recognised form of writing, one that reflects the messy, emergent links between people, voices, experiences, sensations, memories, theories, objects, friends, and other entities, one that is also, however, actually in my head and body and real, territorialised in place, cities, streets, and rooms. It is an autoethnography in that it serves as a narrated introspection, built on a barometric research machine that will be described.
Insider/Outsider: A Muslim Woman's Adventure Practicing ‘Alongside’ Narrative Therapy
Authors: Armstrong Anne M. , Munro Louise
Published: June 2018

The following paper centres on my unique experience as a white Australian therapist who is able to sympathise with a Western world view while being immersed in an Islamic world view. The goal is to share my journey as a Muslim Australian via an auto‐ethnography reflexive method. Using diaries, intentional reflexive positioning, and multiple modes of supervision, I contemplate an Islamic identity and value system while negotiating poststructural therapies such as solution‐focused collaborative, and in particular, narrative therapy as viable approaches to working with the Muslim community. There are two inquiries which are of interest. The first is to reflexively describe the experience of being a Muslim practitioner and wondering whether core differences in epistemological views between social constructionism and Islamic doctrine can be overcome. Secondly, this enquiry explores Quranic guidelines about how to perceive ‘problems’ in life, based on the premise that understanding how an Islamic world view addresses life's troubles may add to deeper conceptions of the role of difficulties. I propose that adherent Muslims have a natural metaphorical way of thinking that connects with some of the poststructural therapeutic skills and techniques and at the same time draw on past Quranic solutions for contemporary problems. Little has been written on narrative therapy as a suitable approach to working with Muslim clients. In the current paper I review my personal experience as a veiled Muslim therapist striving to implement narrative therapy alongside an Islamic epistemology.
Love in Times of Cholera: Systemic Reflections on Supporting Families Through the Journey(s) of Illness
Authors: Tisher Miriam , Nichterlein Maria
Published: June 2018

This paper is the result of our increasing interest in the experience of illness in families and the concomitant reflections on how best to therapeutically support these families through this process. This interest led us to reflect on the nuanced way in which language establishes a play with the experience of illness, a play that can amplify or reduce its effects. Such an interplay in turn led us to consider the valuable role that family therapists have in helping families and treating practitioners to create a safe space for conversation about illness. Further questions are also explored in relation to whether there is a role for family therapists in facilitating the interface between our clinical practice with clients and the wider treating medical community. And, if so, what shape would such an interface take? Considerations at this level would include the anticipation of psychological reactions to diagnosis of chronic and life‐threatening illnesses, in particular the importance of ‘normalisation’ of the psychological reactions to such chronic and/or life threatening diagnoses; the complex dynamics emerging from the interface between the effects of illness in the subjectivity of the ill person and the grief experienced by the other family members; different family members’ narratives of the illness; relevant community contexts; and, lastly, ways to help the family members and/or the ill person navigate the medical system including the use of second opinions, cyberspace information, and other systems in their ecology, such as the spiritual dimension. Some aspects of children's narratives of illness are also identified. The paper has been organised around the dialogue that the authors had around one of their clinical cases.
Sulfonated graphene oxide‐doped proton conductive membranes based on polymer blends of highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole
Authors: Gao Shuitao , Chen Xin , Xu Hulin , Luo Tianwei , Ouadah Amina , Fang Zhou , Li Yang , Wang Run , Jing Chaojun , Zhu Changjin
Published: June 2018

Simultaneously improving the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of a polymer electrolyte membrane is a considerable challenge in commercializing proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In response, we prepared a new series of miscible polymer blends and thus the corresponding crosslinked membranes based on highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole. The blended membranes showed more compact structures, due to the acid‐base interactions between the two constituents, and improved mechanical and morphological properties. Further efforts by doping sulfonated graphene oxide (s‐GO) forming composite membranes led to not only significantly elevated proton conductivity and electrochemical performance, but also better mechanical properties. Notably, the composite membrane with the filler content of 15 wt % exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.217 S cm−1 at 80 °C, and its maximum power density tested by the H2/air single PEMFC cell at room temperature reached 171 mW cm−2, almost two and half folds compared with that of the native membrane. As a result, these polymeric membranes provided new options as proton exchange membranes for fuel‐cell applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46547.
Colloidal Synthesis of NiWSe Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Zhao Yuanmeng , Mao Guixiang , Du Yeshuang , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei
Published: June 2018

Searching for efficient, low‐cost, and durable electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is extremely urgent for future energy conversion systems. Herein, the colloidal synthesis of 2D tungsten‐doped nickel selenide nanosheets by using Ni(acac)2 (acac=aceylacetonate), [W(CO)6], and selenium powder as precursors in oleylamine is reported. The introduction of tungsten is essential for the formation of 2D nanosheets. As a result, by taking the advantage of the unique layered structure and strong synergistic electronic effect between nickel, tungsten, and selenium, the as‐synthesized Ni0.54W0.26Se nanosheets exhibit superior catalytic activity toward the HER in alkaline media, with an overpotential of 162 mV (η10), which is much lower than those of NiSe2 (η10=330 mV) and WSe2 (η10=378 mV), and higher than that of most previously reported selenide‐based electrocatalysts.
Ruthenium‐Pincer‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Lactams to Amino Alcohols
Authors: Chen Jiangbo , Wang Jiaquan , Tu Tao
Published: June 2018

By using the commercially available ruthenium pincer complex (Ru‐MACHO‐BH) as a catalyst, the challenging direct hydrogenation of lactams and analogues has been successfully accomplished to deliver corresponding value‐added amino alcohols in good‐to‐excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, in addition to N‐protected lactams, unprotected ones could also be readily reduced in the presence of a catalytic amount of weak base or even under neutral reaction conditions, which further highlights the broad substrate scope and the protocol efficiency.
Lyapunov‐Based Stability of Mix‐Valued Logical Networks
Authors: Zhao Jing , Meng Fanwei , Liu Zhenbin
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates Lyapunov‐based stability of mix‐valued logical networks. First, we consider the pseudo‐logical function, and give its general logical expression. Second, based on pseudo‐logical functions, we give some definitions on the strict‐Lyapunov function of mix‐valued logical networks and establish a necessary and sufficient condition about the stability. Third, the obtained results are applied to probabilistic logical networks, and a necessary and sufficient condition of globally stability is proposed. Finally, the study of illustrative examples shows that new results presented in this paper work very well.
Einfluss der Bauwerkintegrierten Photovoltaik in Fassaden bei der energetischen Bilanzierung von Gebäuden (Teil 2)
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Bagda Engin , Brandau Kai , Loewenstein Thomas , Seibel Michael , Weller Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Im Rahmen der Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzabkommens gibt die Bundesregierung als Ziel einen nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestand bis zum Jahr 2050 vor. Neben der Verminderung von Energieverlusten spielen dabei die Erzeugung und Verbrauch von Energien aus erneuerbaren Quellen, die in unmittelbarer Umgebung zum Gebäude erzeugt werden, eine große Rolle. Photovoltaik (PV) hat dabei ein großes Potenzial, indem sie einen Teil der Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt. Bei der Deckung des Primärenergiebedarfes eines Gebäudes mit erneuerbarer Energie aus PV reicht die bisher bevorzugte Orientierung auf Dachflächen nicht aus. Hier bieten Fassaden ein großes Flächenpotenzial.

In Teil 1 des Beitrages (siehe Bauphysik 2/2018) wurden die konstruktiven, normativen und energetischen Besonderheiten der Energieerzeugung an Fassaden mit Bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik beschrieben und diese in Verbindung mit der Eigennutzung diskutiert. In diesem zweiten Teil wird das Betriebsverhalten Bauwerkintegrierter PV‐Module an Fassaden anhand von Monitoringmaßnahmen an zwei Standorten über einen längeren Zeitraum untersucht.
Greening Aspang – Hygrothermische Gebäudesimulation zur Bestandsanalyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher Szenarien bezogen auf das Innenraumklima
Authors: Tudiwer David , Höckner Vera , Korjenic Azra
Published: June 2018

Zu den durchgeführten hygrothermischen Messungen in Wohngebäuden im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes Greening Aspang [1] wurden Simulationen mit dem Berechnungsprogramm WUFI Plus 3.0 durchgeführt. Die Messungen aus dem Forschungsprojekt dienen dabei als Basis für die Gebäudesimulation. Um die gemessenen und die simulierten Daten abgleichen zu können, erfolgte eine detaillierte Darstellung der einzelnen Wohneinheiten. Nach Prüfung der realitätsgetreuen Abbildung durch das Simulationsmodell wurde dieses jeweils auf das gesamte Gebäude erweitert und der Einfluss verschiedener Maßnahmen auf die sommerliche Überwärmung überprüft. Die hygrothermische Behaglichkeit in den Innenräumen wurde untersucht und bewertet mit dem Ergebnis, dass für keines der untersuchten Gebäude die Sommernorm ÖNORM B 8110‐3 [2] eingehalten werden konnte.

Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Simulationswerte mit den Messwerten übereinstimmen. Sie unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrer Schwankungsbreite. Die Messwerte schwanken in einem größeren Bereich als die Simulationswerte.

Anhand einer Variantenstudie wurden anschließend Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher baulicher Maßnahmen auf das hygrothermische Innenraumklima während einer Hitzewelle untersucht. Zu den untersuchten Maßnahmen zählen unter anderem zusätzliche Außenverschattung, erhöhte Nachtlüftung, veränderte Fassadenfarbe sowie Fassaden‐ und Loggienbegrünung. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die effektivste Einzelmaßnahme sommerliche Überwärmung im Innenraum zu reduzieren die Außenverschattung ist. Eine Kombination aus mehreren unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen führt zu den besten Ergebnissen.
Entwicklung saisonaler Raumtemperaturverteilungen von klassischen zu modernen Gebäudestandards – Sind Rebound‐Effekte unvermeidbar?
Authors: Schröder Franz , Gill Bernhard , Güth Martin , Teich Tobias , Wolff Anna
Published: June 2018

Diese Studie beschreibt Temperatur‐ und Temperaturvariabilitätstrends im Zuge von Modernisierungen deutscher Wohnumgebungen basierend auf mehreren Millionen empirischen Messungen. Mediane und Mittelwerte der Raumtemperaturen im Winter sind typisch um 4 K angestiegen, von 18 °C in der Baualtersklasse vor 1978 (OLD_77) bis hin zu etwa 22 °C in Passivhäusern (PAH). Kühlere Raumtemperaturen, unter etwa 18 °C, scheinen dagegen in Gebäuden bis EnEV‐Standard 2009 und PAH zunehmend zu verschwinden. Letztere sind – im Unterschied zu den meisten Bestandsbauten – homogener und die Heizperiode hindurch konstant hoch beheizt, ihre interne Gebäudemasse wird systematisch wärmer als in Bestandsbauten und fungiert als zusätzlicher Pufferenergiespeicher. Daher führen systematische Energieleckagen durch geöffnete Fenster und Türen wohl kaum noch zu wahrnehmbarem Komfortverlust und bestehen dauerhaft. Andererseits bewirken zusätzliche, nicht geregelte und saisonal ungünstig eingetragene Energiegewinne – hauptsächlich durch Solarstrahlung und mittelbar auch durch Warmwasserverbrauch – zu zügigem Raumtemperaturanstieg, überwärmen ggf. häufig den Wohnraum, was subsequent erst zur Herstellung des Temperaturkomforts durch Fensteröffnung, d. h. das Ablüften von Wärme, führt. In modernen EnEV‐2009 Gebäuden werden Fensteröffnungsraten beobachtet, die ohne weiteres und dauerhaft 10 % übersteigen können, auch im Hochwinter. Gegenwärtig werden entsprechende Zusammenhänge und Wechselwirkungen mit den Wohnungsnutzern durch weitere soziologische Begleituntersuchungen detaillierter und methodisch nachvollzogen. Diese Studie soll dafür sensibilisieren, dass die forcierte Durchsetzung der neuen Baustandards über EnEV‐2002 hinaus und im breiten Bestand fragwürdig erscheint, solange sich das physiologische Wohlbefinden in neuen Wohnumgebungen nicht deutlich mit technisch‐energetischen Optimierungskonzepten in Übereinstimmung bringen lässt.
Prediction of neurologic deterioration based on support vector machine algorithms and serum osmolarity equations
Authors: Lin Jixian , Jiang Aihua , Ling Meirong , Mo Yanqing , Li Meiyi , Zhao Jing
Published: June 2018

Objective

Dehydration on admission is correlated with neurological deterioration (ND). The primary objective of our study was to use support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to identify an ND prognostic model, based on dehydration equations.

Methods

This study included a total of 382 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, laboratory values (serum sodium, potassium, chlorinum, glucose, and urea), and vascular risk factor data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of the BUN/Cr ratio as well as each of 38 equations for predicting ND. We used the Boruta algorithm for feature selection. After optimizing the SVM kernel parameters, we built an SVM model to predict ND and used the test set to obtain predictive values for assessing model accuracy.

Results

In total, 102 of 382 patients (26.7%) with acute ischemic stroke developed ND. In all patients, the BUN/Cr ratio and each of 38 equations were significant predictors of ND. Equation 20 [1.86 × Na+ + glucose + urea + 9] yielded the maximum area under the ROC curve, and faired best in terms of prognostic performance (a cutoff value of 284.49 mM yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% and specificity of 61.43%). Equation 32 predicted ND poststroke across population groups, and worked well in older as well as young adults; (a cutoff value of 297.08 mM yielded a sensitivity of 93.14% and specificity of 60.00%). Feature selection by the Boruta algorithm was used to decrease the number of variables from 18 to 5 in the condition. The specificity of test samples for the SVM prediction model increased from 44.1% to 89.4%, and the AUC increased from 0.700 to 0.927.

Conclusions

SVM algorithms can be used to establish a prediction model for dehydration‐associated ND, with good classification results.
Was school liable for football player's game injuries?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: June 2018

Football player Dwight Ingram suffered a head injury during practice in June 2011. It was hotly disputed whether he told any of his coaches at Chief Leschi High School about the injury.
Showing to friends or strangers? Relationship orientation influences the effect of social exclusion on conspicuous consumption
Authors: Liang Shichang , He Yun , Chang Yaping , Dong Xuebing , Zhu Donghong
Published: June 2018

Previous research has shown that social exclusion can lead individuals to engage in conspicuous consumption, but these studies did not focus on the relationship between the excluder and the excluded, that is, whether they were friends or strangers. The present research aims to address this gap by taking relationship orientation as a boundary condition between social exclusion and conspicuous consumption. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that individuals who are communal relationship oriented (e.g., friends) will prefer conspicuous consumption more when they are socially excluded than when they are socially included. In contrast, there is no significant difference for exchange‐oriented individuals (e.g., strangers). Experiment 2 further confirms the hypothesis and establishes the underlying mechanism by showing that self‐esteem plays an intermediary role in the effect of social exclusion and relationship orientation on conspicuous consumption. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
DBT‐A as a well‐established treatment for suicide and self‐injury
Authors: Kim Kerri L. , Galione Janine
Published: June 2018

Despite clinical, research, and policy efforts focused on reduction, rates of suicide have actually increased between the years of 1999 and 2014, with the steepest rise occurring after 2006. Suicide is currently one of the top 10 causes of death overall, and within each age group under age 75. If these facts were not alarming enough, suicide has tripled among teens and young adults since the 1940s, and is now the second‐leading cause of death among 13‐to‐18‐year‐olds (Curtin, Warner, & Hedegaard, 2016). It is clear that more is needed to halt this dangerous epidemic by focusing on our youth specifically, allowing them to have futures to look toward. One possible path is to further understand and disseminate existing interventions known to effectively decrease suicidal behavior in adult populations.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2018

Things you should know — and do — about 13 Reasons Why

Impact of videos of parent‐child interactions on hyperactivity
Children's hospitals saw doubling of encounters for suicide ideation/attempts
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2018

Encounters in emergency departments and inpatient units for suicide attempts and ideation at children's hospitals have increased steadily from 2008 to 2015, researchers have found, reporting in the June issue of Pediatrics. The results mirror the increase in suicide and depression reported in children in outpatient settings.
Composition, functional components, and physical characteristics of grain from staygreen and senescent sorghum lines grown under variable water availability
Authors: Emendack Yves , Burke John , Bean Scott , Wilson Jeff , Hayes Chad , Laza Haydee
Published: June 2018

Background and objectives

The inclusion of sorghum into human food and feed is limited by its low digestibility compared to corn, due to the presence of high total kafirin levels in sorghum grain. Water stress after pollination reduced grain filling, affecting the grain composition, grain functional components, and grain physical characteristics. Sorghum lines possessing the staygreen trait continue to fill their grain under postflowering water deficit. Understanding the environmental effect on the grain nutritional composition and grain physical characteristics of staygreen and senescent sorghum lines will be critical for breeders when selecting traits. This research evaluated a diverse group of staygreen and senescent sorghum lines subjected to full, preflowering water deficit, and postflowering water deficit irrigations.

Findings

Staygreen lines had significantly higher levels of total protein and total kafirin, but lower total starch than senescent types. Higher kafirin level was linked to kernel hardness, and this level increased under water deficit. There were no differences between staygreen and senescent sorghum lines in protein digestibility, fermentation efficiency, kafirin per percent protein, kernel hardness, kernel weight, and kernel diameter irrespective of irrigation treatment.

Conclusions

The nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghum grains were affected by the environment and varies across lines and cultivars. Higher total kafirin level in grains reduces digestibility and impedes energy utilization by interfering with starch digestion. Staygreen lines had significantly higher levels of total protein and total kafirin, but lower total starch than senescent types.

Significance and novelty

With considerable variability in grain digestibility and feeding value among sorghum cultivars, the effect of environments on grain nutritional composition and other quality traits should be considered to match the user's purpose.
The ASXL1 mutation p.Gly646Trpfs*12 found in a Turkish boy with Bohring‐Opitz Syndrome
Authors: Urreizti Roser , Gürsoy Semra , Castilla‐Vallmanya Laura , Cunill Guillem , Rabionet Raquel , Erçal Derya , Grinberg Daniel , Balcells Susana
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

In line with a recent study showing that ASXL1 mutations found in the common population cannot be ruled out as pathogenic, we have identified the ASXL1 p.Gly646Trpfs*12 mutation—present in 132 individuals in ExAC—as a very probable cause of the disease in a Bohring‐Opitz syndrome patient.
Career Adaptability and Occupational Engagement of Student Veterans
Authors: Ghosh Arpita , Fouad Nadya A.
Published: June 2018

This study examined the specific career‐related behaviors of career adaptability and occupational engagement among student veterans (N = 100). Contrary to expectations, findings showed statistically significant negative correlations between career adaptability resources (control, concern, curiosity, and confidence) and occupational engagement. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the curiosity resource of career adaptability significantly predicted occupational engagement. The findings suggest a need to understand the complexity of career adaptability and occupational engagement in both research and practice for student veterans.
Sn4P3/SbSn Nanocomposites for Anode Application in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lan Danni , Li Quan
Published: June 2018

A facile one‐pot solvothermal method has been developed to synthesize Sn4P3/SbSn nanocomposites with a side‐by‐side configuration in individual nanoparticles. We show that introducing SbSn to Sn4P3 in such a configuration can improve the cyclic stability of the phase‐pure Sn4P3 electrode without sacrificing its practical capacity, although the theoretical capacity of SbSn is lower than that of Sn4P3. The nanocomposite anode delivers a highest capacity of 614.7 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and shows superior capacity retention to the phase pure Sn4P3, SbSn, or physical mixture of Sn4P3&SbSn based anodes after long cycles. The intact interface between the Sn4P3 and SbSn in the nanocomposite and their synergetic effect play important roles in enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode.