bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Total War Strategy: Challenges in Facing Traitor of the Nation: A Historical Approach During the Indonesian War of Independence
Authors:   Kementerian Pertahanan (Indonesia), Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesia), Nurbantoro Endro , Risman Helda , Prakoso Lukman Yudho
Published: May 2021

The Indonesian state implements a total defense system, meaning that it involves all the people and all national resources, national facilities and infrastructure, as well as the entire territory of the country as one defense unit. This system demands awareness of the rights and obligations of every citizen to defend the state as a manifestation of its totality. Efforts to raise awareness of defending the state for every citizen are a formidable challenge, recorded in Indonesian history as inseparable from attempts to betray the nation's struggle. Based on this phenomenon, the writer is moved to reveal several historical events during the war for independence in 1945-1949 which recorded the existence of certain people and groups who became traitors to the nation. The discussion in this article uses a qualitative research method using a historical approach, in which the preparation procedure goes through four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data analysis used is historical analysis, with an emphasis on sharpness in interpreting historical facts. From the analysis conducted, it can be proven that during the war for independence in 1945-1949, the implementation of the total war strategy, which should have received the support of all the people, actually faced quite a tough challenge. This challenge was caused by the existence of certain people and groups who defected to side with the Netherlands, either by joining forces formed by the Netherlands or as spies for the Netherlands. Of course, this is very contrary to the values of state defense that must be possessed by every citizen.
The Effect of Share Transaction Determinants and its Impact on JCI on IDX 2010-2020
Authors:   Mercubuana University, Indonesia, Salim M. Noor , P Yohanes Gabriel Obie
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inflation, the dollar exchange rate, the yuan exchange rate and the Chinese index partially and simultaneously on the JCI. To determine the effect of inflation, the dollar exchange rate, the yuan exchange rate and the Chinese index partially and simultaneously on the volume of transactions. To determine the effect of inflation, the dollar exchange rate, the yuan exchange rate and the Chinese index on the JCI with transaction volume as an intervening variable. The results of the JCI data analysis show that the dollar exchange rate, inflation and the Chinese index have an effect on the JCI and the yuan exchange rate does not affect the JCI, but simultaneously inflation, dollar exchange rate, yuan exchange rate and the Chinese index have an effect on the JCI. The results of the transaction volume data analysis show that the dollar exchange rate, the yuan exchange rate and the Chinese index have an effect on the volume of transactions, while inflation has no effect on the volume of transactions. Simultaneously, inflation, dollar exchange rate, yuan exchange rate and Chinese index have an effect on transaction volume. The results of the transaction volume data analysis as an intervening variable indicate an influence.
Examination of Teacher Candidates' Views on Peer Learning Performed with Interactive Videos in the Blended Learning Process
Authors:   Ege University, Turkey, Ipek Jale , Kalay Abdullah , Ertas Sercan
Published: May 2021

Today, the speed of the development of technology has various effects in many areas. In the field of education, some concepts, methods, techniques, theories and models come to the fore with the effect of technology and attract the attention of researchers. One of them is blended learning. Blended learning is a learning process in which both face-to-face learning processes and learning processes in online environments coexist. Today's learners are expected to be able to solve problems, work collaboratively, and have strong communication. It is thought that peer learning can be used in constructivist teaching processes in order to gain these features. Peer learning involves learners performing their learning by interacting with each other. In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of teacher candidates about peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process. The study group consists of 37 Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Department teacher candidates, 11 women (29.73%) and 26 men (70.27%) enrolled in the "Special Teaching Methods - II" course in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. In the online part of the study, a web 2.0 tool (Edpuzzle) was used to prepare interactive video content. The videos prepared by the peers regarding the course content were expected to be watched online and before the face-to-face lessons. In the face-to-face learning process, students progressed the learning process interactively with their peers. At the end of the process, the data were collected with the data collection tool named "teacher candidate opinion form" developed by the researchers from the study group. The collected data were analyzed with content analysis and interpreted by the researchers. In the study results, the opinions of the teacher candidates about the process after their learning experiences were determined. It was found that a great majority of the teacher candidates had a positive opinion about the peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process.
Investigating the Training Needs of Music Teachers in Primary Education: A Greek Case Study
Authors:   Hellenic Open University, Greece, Kogkou Elefteria , Evaggelos Anagnou , Fragkoulis Iosif
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the current research is to examine the views of music teachers that work in primary education, regarding their training needs. With the investigation and emergence of their training needs, useful data occur for the design of effective training programs that focus on the coverage of the special training needs of these teachers. In this context, a quality research was designed and conducted in a sample of fifteen (15) music teachers in the Achaia district. The research data was derived from semi-constructed interviews and the results were analyzed with the method of thematic analysis. The sample music teachers wish to be trained to improve new technologies that refer to the music subject, their cognitive subject, in conducting the choir and the management of children with special needs. Music teachers are positive in creating a participatory pattern of organizing and conducting these training programs. As for the characteristics and the organizational parameters of the training, they prefer short training programs, live or distance learning, obligatory type that will be enriched with personalized and cooperative actions.
Sistem Monitoring Pemakaian Daya Listrik dan Kontrol Peralatan Elektronik Berbasis PC Server
Authors: saleh akuwan
Published: May 2021

Mengingat terbatasnya persediaan sumber energi listrik yang ada, efisiensi penggunaannya harus dilakukan. Selain itu, penggunaan energi listrik yang terkendali sangat menguntungkan karena beban biaya akan lebih rendah. Sistem monitoring dan kontrol penggunaan energi listrik pada paper ini merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk melakukan penghematan energi listrik tersebut. Bagian hardware dari sistem ini adalah KWH Meter, sensor optocoupler, rangkaian kontrol menggunakan mikrokontroler, dan driver relay. Kenaikan beban daya dan lama penggunaan listrik dapat diketahui, karena piringan KWH Meter dipasang sensor optocoupler untuk menghitung jumlah putaran piringan KWH meter. Pembuatan software menggunakan pemrograman Visual Basic 6.0 untuk mengetahui rincian perhitungan biaya yang dibebankan dan mengatur pemakaian daya listrik melalui komputer yang difungsikan sebagai server, dimana peralatan elektronik dapat di aktivasi (On/Off) secara manual atau otomatis mengunakan setting time. Hasil yang telah diperoleh dari sistem ini berupa informasi penunjukan angka pada KWH Meter dengan beban daya minimal 140 watt, kondisi peralatan On/Off berdasarkan setting time untuk mengontrol pemakain daya listrik, informasi beban biaya melalui PC server maupun secara jarak jauh menggunakan Internet dan Handphone yang support GPRS.
What Drives the Growth of Competitive Advantage? A Study of One of the Largest E-commerce in Indonesia
Authors: Mustaqiem Yogie Abrar , Bastaman Aam , Bross Noverdi
Published: May 2021

Marketing is one of the main activities by entrepreneurs to maintain the viability of their business to grow and earn a profit. In addition, marketing knowledge is also very useful so that companies can compete and survive in the competition. This study aims to examine the effect of Value Creation and Excellent Service on Competitive Advantage, where Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty are the mediating variables. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The population in this study were Bukalapak e-commerce users who live in the Jakarta and surrounding areas, and used a sample of 220 respondents. The method of analysis in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that Value Creation has an effect on Brand Equity, Value Creation has an effect on Brand Loyalty, Excellent Service has an effect on Brand Equity, Excellent Service has an effect on Brand Loyalty, Brand Equity has an effect on Competitive Advantage, Brand Loyalty effects on Competitive Advantage, Value Creation. has no effect on Competitive Advantage, Excellent Service affects Competitive Advantage, Value Creation affects Competitive Advantage mediated by Brand Equity, Value Creation has no effect on Competitive Advantage mediated by Brand Loyalty, Excellent Service has an effect on Competitive Advantage mediated by Brand Equity, Excellent Service has an effect on Competitive Advantage Mediated Brand Loyalty.
A pathway model of emotionally-associated predictors of US college students' career indecision
Authors: Lee Seungyeon , Gray Magnus , Kim Minsung
Published: May 2021

This small-scale study establishes a pathway model to explain how variables with emotional content affect career indecision in higher education. How researchers have quantified attitudes with career planning has been explored—but factors affecting indecision, career decision self-efficacy (CDSE), and other emotionally-related constructs—have not yet been carefully examined. We investigated a total of 240 undergraduate students, taking both introductory psychology and upper-level developmental psychology to access their professional problem, e.g., such as career planning, related indecision, etc. This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and career indecision. A pathway model of direct and indirect effects surrounding career indecision, was established by using structural equation modeling (SEM), while exploring associations among the variables. Career planning, CDSE, procrastination, and life satisfaction were also investigated. Our pathway model shows a positive direct effect of procrastination on career indecision (β = .13, p < .001), with negative direct effects on EI, life satisfaction, CDSE, and planning, in terms of career conflict. EI shows a negative effect on procrastination (β = -.29, p < .001), but a positive correlation with CDSE (β = .51, p < .001). Findings indicate that emotionally-related variables are good predictors of psychology students’ career concerns. The study provides quantitative evidence for psychology interventions, in order to publish replication studies.
FORWARD AND UNBIASED RNA-INTERFERENCE SCREEN
Authors: Kapulkin Wadim J
Published: May 2021

RNA-interference (Fire et al. 1998) is a popular ‘reverse-genetics’ screening strategy applied in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genome-wide RNAi screens are presently carried using RNAi feeding libraries. Here, we report on a complementary resource facilitating an approach to RNAi screen relying on an unbiased ‘forward-genetics’ strategy. We conclude the forward RNA interference screening is useful and feasible, with the strong expectation the presented screening mode will complement and extend on the existing, currently available, genome-wide RNAi resources.
Examining the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes of Associate-Degree Vocational School Students in a CAS-Supported Environment: Limit-Continuous Sample
Authors: Akbaş Elif Ertem
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to learn the learning outcomes of associate-degree students attending a Vocational School (VS) in a CAS-supported learning environment within the scope of the limit-continuity subject. The study was conducted using the action research method, and the worksheets prepared by Ertem Akbaş (2016) were used. While evaluating and interpreting the VS students’ learning outcomes, the SOLO taxonomy was preferred. The study group included 32 VS associate-degree students in Turkey. Within the framework of the research problem, detailed information was provided about what level of the SOLO taxonomy the students’ learning outcomes corresponded to. The learning outcomes of the VS students were found to be below the relational structure level according to SOLO taxonomy in the environment where the CAS software was used. Thanks to the CAS software, the quality of the pre-structure level and uni-structure level learning outcomes of VS students increased to and over the multi-structure level.
Differential expression of spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1, SPTBN1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. SPTBN1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of SPTBN1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with basal subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. SPTBN1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Vài gợi ý về Du lịch sinh thái biển đảo Bình Thuận
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Kiem Dinh
Published: May 2021

Du lịch sinh thái (DLST) là một vấn đề thu hút được khá nhiều chú ý của giới khoa học và doanh nghiệp trong thời gian vài thập kỷ gần đây, được quan niệm là một loại hình du lịch bền vững gắn với môi trường thiên nhiên. Bài nghiên cứu chú trọng đến sự phát triển DLST biển đào tỉnh Bình Thuận.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengamanan Rumah Otomatis / Home Awareness : Aplikasi Pelaporan via SMS, Interactive-Voice-Response, dan We b - C a m e r a Terkendali
Authors: saleh akuwan
Published: May 2021

Teknologi sistem pengamanan rumah secara otomatis atau Home-Awareness dapat diaplikasikan dengan menggunakan komunikasi Short Message Service (SMS), komunikasi melalui PSTN dalam bentuk Interactiv-Voice-Response (IVR), dan Internet. Pada paper ini, telah berhasil dibuat suatu aplikasi pelaporan dari alarm rumah melalui SMS dan IVR serta pengendalian web-camera pemantau rumah melalui internet.
The superradiation of big mass interference
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiang
Published: May 2021

Unlike the Penrose process, superradiation mainly involves incident waves and outgoing waves, and it is a quantum process. We know that the fluctuation simulation of the Penrose process is called superradiation.Traditionally, superradiance is a process of microscopic interference, which can not occur for large mass objects (unless they are decomposed) . In this paper, however, it is proposed that superradiation may occur for massive objects when the default new boundary condition.
The Architect and the Law
Authors: Seghatoleslam Seyed Mohyeddin
Published: May 2021

Architecture, from one point of view, is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. Due to the scope and extent of architecture, many factors affect the architectural business and professional work. One of these factors, which has an enormous impact on this profession, is the legal rules and regulations related to architectural practices. Architects are obliged to deal with different professional affairs and client issues from the beginning of their careers. Hence, architects must be aware of the rules and procedures and use them to promote their professionalism. The law should not be seen as an inconvenient factor or a burden but as a criterion for recognising the rights of individuals in a society. In the event of a professional dispute, the architect should be aware of his/ her own and others' legal responsibilities. The architect should be aware of the basic legal information and current law related to the architectural field and know that ignorance of the law does not relieve legal responsibilities. In other words, “Ignorance of the law is no excuse in any country. If it were, the laws would lose their effect, because it can always be pretended” .This book discusses the legal factors affecting the architects’ professional activities, and the necessary general knowledge of the law. In summary, it provides an introductory framework for the understanding of the legal, contractual, and procedural implications of architectural practices. The construction industry is generally a messy and high-risk business with significant amounts of money involved. Problems and misunderstandings typically end up in some form of dispute resolution. This book clearly explains the parties involved in the construction contracts and defines the professional relationships between the architects and the clients, consultants, contractors, engineers, construction managers, and so on. Furthermore, you can find information about resolution paths and necessary procedures to resolve disputes when they arise. The present book is in Persian and consists of 11 chapters. The book is a comprehensive collection that provides the necessary information related to the law from the graduation of an architect to the stage of practice, pathways to qualify as an architect, establishing the architectural office, contract formation, tendering process, dispute resolution, and many more issues.
The Effect of an Anxiety-Coping Program for Children Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on 4th Graders’ Anxiety Levels
Authors: Kul Aykut , Hamamcı Zeynep
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an anxiety-coping program for children based on cognitive behavioral therapy on children’s anxiety levels. The study was conducted with 12 students in the fourth grade of primary school. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) was during the study for data collection. Students in the experimental group participated in a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based anxiety coping program consisting of eight sessions. No study was conducted with the students in the control group. A mixed design of 2x3 was used in the study. Follow-up measurement was performed six months after the study was completed. In the analysis of the data, Mann Whitney U test and Friedman test were used. As a result of the analysis, a significant decrease was observed in the general anxiety, general anxiety disorder, separation anxiety and social anxiety levels of the participants in the experiment group after the intervention which continued during the follow-up period. Furthermore there was no statistically significant decrease in panic disorder/somatic symptoms and school phobia levels of the participants in the experimental group. The findings indicated that the anxiety-coping program for children based on cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in terms of decreasing the anxiety levels of children.
Mối quan hệ giữa sự hài lòng và truyền miệng tại các trung tâm Anh ngữ ở TPHCM,
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Truong Nguyen Quang
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu này xem xét mối quan hệ của sự hài lòng và truyền miệng (WOM) các trung tâm Anh ngữ tại TPHCM thông qua khảo sát 200 học viên. Nghiên cứu sử dụng thang đo của Raymon (2006), hệ số tin cậy Cronbach’s Alpha và phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (CFA), chương trình AMOS, phương trình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM).Kết quả cho thấy truyền miệng khen ngợi (TMKN) và hành vi truyền miệng (HVTM) chịu ảnh hưởng mạnh bởi yếu tố cam kết tình cảm (CKTC). Sự hài lòng (SHL) chịu tác động mạnh từ chất lượng dịch vụ chức năng (CLDVCN) hơn là chất lượng dịch vụ kỹ thuật (CLDVKT); tiếp đó sự hài lòng (SHL) sẽ tác động trực tiếp và tích cực đến cam kết tình cảm (CKTC) và cam kết hy sinh cao (CKHSC), giúp cho trung tâm ngoại ngữ tạo được hình ảnh tốt đẹp trong cảm nhận của học viên; dẫn đến hành vi truyền miệng (HVTM) và truyền miệng khen ngợi (TMKN) của học viên.
Thư viện sau đại học- Những việc cần làm ngay
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: May 2021

Trong chiến lược phát triển trường Đại học Tài chính – Marketing đến năm 2025- tầm nhìn 2030, nhà trường đã xác định rất rõ trường sẽ phát triển theo định hướng nghiên cứu, vậy, trong khuôn khổ bài tham luận này, tác giả có góc nhìn nhỏ theo hướng làm thế nào để công tác thư viện phục vụ bạn đọc là học viên sau đại học một cách hữu ích nhất.
Rancang Bangun Pendeteksi Suhu, Tekanan Darah dan Detak Jantung untuk Medical Check Up
Authors: saleh akuwan
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang tahap awal pemeriksaan medis dimana biasanya dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sebelum penyakit seseorang didiagnosa. Biasanya kondisi yang diperiksa yaitu suhu tubuh, tekanan darah dan detak jantung. Maka dari itu dirancang alat untuk mengukur parameter-parameter tersebut dengan cara mengukur suhu tubuh dengan sensor suhu, mengukur tekanan darah menggunakan sensor Tekanan darah dan mengukur detak jantung menggunakan sensor detak jantung. Data hasil pengukuran akan diolah dan dikirim secara serial oleh Mikrokontroler AVR dan selanjutnya ditampilkan di PC dengan Microsoft Visual Basic. Hasil pengukuran suhu di PC dibandingkan dengan termometer terdapat nilai error sebesar 0,44%. Tekanan dibandingkan dengan tensimeter digital terdapat nilai error sebesar 3,01% dan detak jantung di nilai error sebesar 3,55%.
Space Theory
Authors: Chen S.
Published: May 2021

The author introduces a novel theoretical framework that suggests matter and energy are both converted from curved space. In Space Theory, gravitation is generated by the flow of space, instead of being transmitted by the graviton as in String Theory. This theory also suggests that Newton's gravitational constant, denoted as G, may not be truly constant but could vary over time. The equivalent equation of space is S=Ec²=mc⁴ , and the gravitational force formula is S_μν=4πGm=(4/3)π((r+a)³-r³) . The Space Theory also predicts that the surface gravitational acceleration of the neutron star Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21) is approximately 8.21924883×10⁶ m/s².
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model of Demographic Predictors and Confounders of Binge Alcohol Use among Adults with Major Depression
Authors: Omary Areen
Published: May 2021

Identifying sociodemographic populations with a major depressive episode (MDE) who are at increased risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) is critical for developing focused prevention programs to meet the particular needs of each population. Thus, the goal of the current exploratory retrospective study is to examine sex, race, age, education, marital status, and income as risk predictors for BAU among adults with MDE; and if the risk for BAU changes after adjusting for demographic confounders. To achieve the study goal, data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health were extracted and analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results revealed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults under the age of 50, with a college degree, never married, divorced/separated, and with a high-middle income level or higher were at higher risk for BAU. The study's clinical implications are that understanding demographics of individuals with MDE at increased risk for BAU can inform improved tailored assessment and treatment of alcohol abuse and MDE among at-risk populations. Future research should consider examining additional potential risk factors for BAU among adults with MDE.
Personality Traits Relate to Chronotype at Both the Phenotypic and Genetic Level
Authors: Lenneis Anita , Vainik Uku , Teder-Laving Maris , Ausmees Liisi , Lemola Sakari , Allik Jüri , Realo Anu
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level. Methods: Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (Mage = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies. Results: Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score. Conclusion: Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.
Incredible utility: The lost causes and causal debris of psychological science
Authors: Richters John E.
Published: May 2021

Variable-oriented, sample-based individual differences research strategies and statistical modeling approaches to causal-theoretical inference depend on their logic, coherence, justification, and presumed heuristic value on the tacit assumption that individuals are qualitatively the same, homogeneous with respect to the psychological structures and processes underlying their overt functioning, and that quantitative differences between them are produced by exactly the same psychological structures functioning in exactly the same way within each individual. This psychological homogeneity assumption, however, is demonstrably false and invalidated by a substantial body of uncontested scientific evidence documenting psychological heterogeneity as a ubiquitous, defining characteristic of human functioning. This irreconcilable mismatch between the psychological homogeneity assumption of the paradigm and the psychologically heterogeneous realities of its phenomena renders the individual differences methodology intrinsically incapable of advancing theoretical knowledge about the causes of psychological and behavioral phenomena. A detailed look at this mismatch reveals also that it holds considerable explanatory power as the root cause of the slow theoretical progress and replication failures of psychological research, as well as the driving force behind psychology’s inability to relinquish its controversial reliance on null hypothesis significance testing as a justification standard for evaluating theoretical claims.
Toddlers and preschoolers understand that some preferences are more subjective than others
Authors: Doan Tiffany , Friedman Ori , Denison Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Four experiments examined Canadian 2-3-year-old children’s (N=224; 104 girls, 120 boys) thoughts about shared preferences. Children saw sets of items, and identified theirs and another person’s preferences. Children expected that food preferences would be more likely to be shared than color preferences, regardless of whether the items were similar or different in appeal (Experiments 1-3). A final study replicated these findings while also exploring children’s expectations about activity and animal preferences. Across all studies, children expected shared preferences at surprisingly low rates (never higher than chance). Overall, these findings suggest that young children understand that some preferences are more subjective than others, and that these expectations are driven by beliefs about domains of preferences.
Secure and sustainable but not as prominent among the ambivalent: Attachment style and green consumption
Authors: Folwarczny Michal , Otterbring Tobias
Published: May 2021

Human activity in recent decades has degraded the environment and contributed to numerous public health hazards. Thus, the United Nations recently made an urgent call to develop sustainable consumption practices. Although existing literature has acknowledged attachment style as a potential predictor of certain consumption responses, its influence on pro-environmental consumption has not yet been examined. We tested this possibility in a largesampled study (N = 1,397) and found securely attached individuals to report the highest scores on the GREEN consumption scale measuring consumers’ propensity to buy and use goods and services sustainably. Although we did not find that people with an anxious/ambivalent attachment style differed significantly from those with an avoidant attachment style, we observed a trend in this direction, with the former demonstrating directionally less favorable values toward pro-environmental consumption. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the notion that attachment styles may meaningfully predict pro-environmental consumption. Given that modern psychometric tools can predict Big Five personality traits from digital behavioral footprints, these tools may also predict a person’s attachment style and thus facilitate more effective, tailor-made pro-environmental communication campaigns aimed at mitigating climate change.
Associations of LGBTQ+ Identities with Acceptability and Efficacy of Online Single-Session Youth Mental Health Interventions
Authors: McDanal Riley , Rubin Alex , Fox Kathryn , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: May 2021

Background: Barriers such as stigma, financial costs, and provider shortages prevent large portions of youth with depression and related difficulties from accessing treatment; LGBTQ+ youth are burdened with additional barriers related to minority stress. Single session interventions (SSIs) have been found to benefit youth and help reduce depression symptoms, and since many SSIs are brief, cost-free, and accessible online, they may circumvent several access barriers. However, prior to recommending non-community-tailored SSIs as a useful resource for minoritized youths, we first assessed whether LGBTQ+ youth respond as positively to SSIs as do cisgender heterosexual youth. Methods: In a subsample of youths recruited via online advertisements from 9/2019-8/2020 (N=258, 81.4% female assigned sex, 60.5% LGBTQ+, 47.3% people of color), we investigated whether changes in helplessness, agency, and self-hate from before to after completing online self-directed SSIs differed as a function of LGBTQ+ identity. We also quantitatively and qualitatively compared intervention acceptability ratings and feedback across LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual youths. Results: Analyses revealed no significant differences between cisgender LGBQ+, trans and gender diverse, and cisgender heterosexual youths for any intervention outcomes. Likewise, no group differences emerged in intervention acceptability ratings or written program feedback.Limitations: Self-selection bias and underrepresentation of certain populations, such as American Indian and Alaskan Native youths, may limit generalizability of results.Conclusions: Results suggest that online mental health SSIs are equally acceptable and useful to LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ youth alike, even prior to culturally specific tailoring.
Career Compromises and Dropout from Vocational Education and Training in Germany.
Authors: Beckmann Janina , Wicht Alexandra , Siembab Matthias
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the relevance of career compromises (i.e. the discrepancy between expected and attained training position) for dropping out from vocational education and training (VET), focusing on compromises in terms of field of work, social status and gender type. Moreover, it examines whether apprentices’ enjoyment of training ex-plains this association. Using longitudinal data on 5,600 apprentices from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS, Starting Cohort 4), the results of discrete event history models show that all types of compromises are crucial for VET dropout, but especially compromises regarding field of work and downward discrepancies in gen-der type. Furthermore, the link between compromises and VET dropout is partly mediated by apprentices’ enjoyment of training, which itself is highly correlated with dropping out. These findings draw attention to the role of pre-entry VET policies, such as career counselling, in minimising the incidence of career compromises.
Up in the Air: Air Pollution and Crime – Evidence from India
Authors: Pratap Singh Tejendra , Visaria Sujata
Published: May 2021

Recent work from developed parts of the world has documented a positive association between air pollution and criminal activity. We use high-frequency complaints and air pollution data to estimate air pollution’s causal effects on crime in a developing country. In order to establish causality, we exploit plausibly exogenous local variation in wind direction in an instrumental variable setup. We find that a lower number of complaints are received on the days of high air pollution levels. This effect is more pronounced for property crimes than for violent crimes. Our results are robust to a host of robustness checks and falsification checks. Exploring the potential mechanisms, we find that the decline in criminal activity might result from increased costs of indulging in criminal activity.
Working Differently or Not at All: COVID-19’s Effects on Employment among People with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Maroto Michelle Lee , Pettinicchio David , Lukk Martin
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed employment situations for workers everywhere. This is especially true among people with disabilities and chronic health conditions who face greater risks in contracting COVID-19 and experience larger disadvantages within the labor market. Drawing from original data gathered through a national online survey (N = 1,027) and integrated set of virtual interviews (N = 50) with Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions, our findings show that although the pandemic has not directly led to job losses for most people with disabilities and chronic health conditions, respondents who have lost employment due to COVID-19 are struggling. Even though employed workers have been faring better, half were concerned about losing their jobs within the next year, and these concerns were more prevalent among part-time and non-union workers. Our findings emphasize the potential for growing economic insecurity as the pandemic continues to wreak havoc on employment situations among marginalized groups.
Social Media and its Impact on Youth of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Gnawali Achyut
Published: May 2021

Social media is a worldwide networking platform that serves as a medium for the people to connect and communicate with each other and for the youth to explore the world. The objective of this study was to examine the social media factors affecting on the youths of Kathmandu valley. The study is based on 408 respondents from Kathmandu valley. To achieve the purpose of study, structured questionnaire was prepared. Inferential statistics were used to make proper analysis. The result shows that types of social media used and availability of social media are positively correlated with impact on youth. The regression result shows that the beta coefficients for types of social media used and availability of social media are positive and significant with impact on youth. The result also shows that the beta coefficient for psychology of social media users is negative with impact on youth.
Identification of Nepal’s Soft Power
Authors: Timilsana Binod Khanda
Published: May 2021

Soft power, according to Nye, is a particular power of attraction to a state based on the appeal of its culture, political values, and foreign policies (Nye Jr. 2004, p. 11, 2008, p. 96). In the changing paradigms of state powers from military strength, economic might, political power, technological competency to soft power endeavors, identification of own soft power is the process of measuring own strength. Hard power measures can be observed from out sides as well but soft power potentialities will not appear easily without systematic attempt to expose them in front of international actors. Hard power measurement is easy and more exact than soft power qualities. There are very limited academic attempts visible in identification of Nepal’s soft power. Great soft powers of the world are visible and measurable through soft power indices developed by different think tanks and research agencies. The soft power 30 and Global Soft Power Index are exemplary forums engaged in ranking states in terms of soft powers. Reputation, influence, political values, culture, foreign policies, enterprise, culture, digital, governance, engagements and education are the indicators of soft power. The newly explained taxonomy of soft power includes four subunits of soft power namely resources, instruments, receptions and outcomes. Buddhism is a powerful soft power resource of Nepal. Conflict resolution and peace process model of Nepal is another potential soft power. Culture, engagement in multilateral global and regional forum, natural beauty with the world is highest Mt. Everest, diasporic community of Nepal, social networks, public diplomacy and personal diplomacy are remarkable soft power properties of Nepal. Nonetheless, identification of Nepal’s soft power is in very preliminary phase.
Growth of Capital Market in Nepal: Impact on Capitalization, GDP and NEPSE Index
Authors: Chalise Dhan Raj
Published: May 2021

The capital market plays an importance role in an economy and provides the opportunity to the investor for the mobilization and channelization of funds. Nepalese capital market is in growing and improving phase. The objective of this study is to analyze the evaluation of the existing status of the capital market in term of its composition of types of the capital market and to examine the impact of capital mobilization in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and to examine the contribution of capital market in financial resources and GDP. Besides, the study examines the share transaction in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) and its impact on NEPSE Index. The study period of 2000/01 to 2018/19 has been used for study purposes. Through the use of descriptive research design, the trends of capital market development track after 2000/01 to present status has been presented. Secondary data are analyzed through the use of regression and other descriptive statists to convert the information into data. The result indicates that the ordinary shares in the primary capital market and market capitalization in the secondary market has significant contribution for the capital market in Nepal. Also, the study reveals that there is a significant and positive impact of capital mobilization on GDP and the number of share transactions on the NEPSE Index in the Nepalese capital market. Hence there is a significant contribution of the capital market for financial resources mobilization and GDP of Nepal. The study reports for modernization and systematization of the capital market need more optimal efforts from concerned stakeholders.
Analysis of Receivables Practices in Manufacturing Companies: A Case of Nepalese Pharmaceuticals Companies
Authors: Pokharel Post Raj
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of the survey and analysis of receivable practices in Nepalese pharmaceuticals companies. The survey is based on the structured questionnaire completed by 209 pharmaceuticals executives of which 44 were under corporate level, 98 under business level and 67 at operational level. The major issues dealt in the survey are concerned with the application of credit control policy, application of credit customer grading form, application techniques used to grant credit, application of “best practice” tips for effective credit control and opinion on practice of credit limit. Survey results showed that pharmaceuticals companies have desired to establish credit control policy with continuous practice of using credit application to screen new customer and renew them yearly. However, the practice of average collection period was not satisfactory in the companies. The choice of “references” for grading credit customer and ratio analysis were evident to grant credit.
मृतजीवी कथाको सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन
Authors: मरहठ्ठा कोइराला प्रभा
Published: May 2021

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The Saptagandaki Journal - Editorial Vol.11
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2021

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USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO FIND OPTIMAL SIZING OF PV-BS AND DIESEL GENERATOR
Authors: Q. Mohammed Abbas , A. Al-Anbarri Kassim , M. Hannun Rafid
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the sizing optimization of stand -alone hybrid energy system (HES) in southern Iraq (Thi Qar province) for supply stand-alone households by the electricity. HES consist of three components (solar cell (PV), diesel generator (DG) and battery storage (BS)). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) used in this study for find optimal sizing of the HES to minimizing multi-objective, first objective is to minimizing the total system cost (TSC) that lead to minimizing cost of energy (COE). Second objective is to minimizing total emission CO2 (TECO2). The constraint of the optimization is the reliability (100 %) mean continuous provide the load demand by the electricity. The results of the optimization show the ability the algorithm to minimizing the multi-objective with continuous supply the load by the electricity through life cycle of the project (25) years.
TREND DETECTION OF METROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN NORTH OF IRAQ
Authors: F. Hasan Ihsan
Published: May 2021

This study presents an analysis of meteorological drought using multi time-scales of Standardized Precipitation Index SPI (6, 9 and 12 month), based on observed 49-year daily mean precipitation data records at 11 stations over the Northern region of Iraq. The detection of drought trends in results of SPI analysis was studied to identify whether there is any increase or decrease in the severity of drought at the selected meteorological Stations; Mann Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator were used to detect statistically significant trends. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant decreasing trend of SPI time series at 5% significant level in most of the selected stations. Based on drought categories the meteorological drought in the study region can be classified as mild drought.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADDITIVES ON CRACK REPAIR EPOXY
Authors: M. Kadhim Baraa , M. Oweed Khalid
Published: May 2021

Using epoxy to repair concrete crack is widely used for restoring concrete structure. Epoxy is used as a base material in composite materials with fillers to improve mechanical and physical properties. The study aims to modify the properties of the epoxy by adding (alumina, silicon carbide, silica fume, pumice) and using This compound is for repairing concrete cracks. Each of the materials (alumina, silicon carbide, silica fume, pumice) were used to harden the epoxy in different proportions (5, 10, 15) by weight. It has particle sizes (45 - 65μm), to prepare composite particles that can be used in construction applications. Further tests are performed to verify whether or not composites are suitable for applications. For the crack repair application, the resulting composites were tested for compression and bending. The resulting compound was applied to treat cracks in previously prepared concrete samples and several tests were performed (compression, bending, and UPV) to determine the effectiveness of this compound in treating cracks in the structural elements.
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES OF WATER QUALITY IN TIGRIS RIVER WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY
Authors: Q. Ahmed Noor , R. Gubashi Karim
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad city by using Weighted Arithmetic model. The studay area included five sites: Thiraa-Tigris (S1), Al-Muthana bridge (S2), Al-Shuhadaa bridge (S3), Al-Doraa (S4) and confluence point of the Diyala river (S5). Ten water quality parameters were used in this study, Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca), Hydrogen Ion concentration (pH), Chloride (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Nitrate (NO3), Sodium (Na), Boron (B), Turbidity (TUR) and Sulfate (SO4). Statistical analysis such as correlation and regression coefficient using the statistical program SPSS was used to evaluate the results of the water quality index as well as to find a relationship between the water quality index and the variables. Several statistical methods, Factor Analysis (FA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Analysis (DA), and Time Series Analysis assess parameters affecting water quality during the study period (August-December) 2019. The results showed Poor to Unsuitable quality index in Tigris River at Baghdad city except for Al-Muthna Bridge (S2) was grade good quality index during the time. From the analysis, that the worst water quality index was found at confluence place of Diyala River (S5) and grade unsuitable quality index.
Flies of the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera: Brachycera), excluding the Microphorinae and Parathalassinae, from the Maltese Islands with notes on their habitats and phenology
Authors: Ebejer M.J.
Published: May 2021

All 41 species of Dolichopodidae in 22 genera (excluding one species each in the subfamilies Microphorinae and Parathalassinae) known to occur on the Maltese Islands are reviewed, with 31 of these being recorded for the first time. Habitat preferences and flight periods of the species recorded are tabulated and discussed.