bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global approach for image orientation using Lie algebraic rotation averaging and convex L∞ minimisation
Authors: Reich M. , Heipke C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this paper we present a new global image orientation approach for a set of multiple overlapping images with given homologous point tuples which is based on a two-step procedure. The approach is independent on initial values, robust with respect to outliers and yields the global minimum solution under relatively mild constraints. The first step of the approach consists of the estimation of global rotation parameters by averaging relative rotation estimates for image pairs (these are determined from the homologous points via the essential matrix in a pre-processing step). For the averaging we make use of algebraic group theory in which rotations, as part of the special orthogonal group SO(3), form a Lie group with a Riemannian manifold structure. This allows for a mapping to the local Euclidean tangent space of SO(3), the Lie algebra. In this space the redundancy of relative orientations is used to compute an average of the absolute rotation for each image and furthermore to detect and eliminate outliers. In the second step translation parameters and the object coordinates of the homologous points are estimated within a convex L∞ optimisation, in which the rotation parameters are kept fixed. As an optional third step the results can be used as initial values for a final bundle adjustment that does not suffer from bad initialisation and quickly converges to a globally optimal solution. We investigate our approach for global image orientation based on synthetic data. The results are compared to a robust least squares bundle adjustment. In this way we show that our approach is independent of initial values and more robust against outliers than a conventional bundle adjustment.
Correcting attenuation effects caused by interactions in the forest canopy in full-waveform airborne laser scanner data
Authors: Richter K. , Stelling N. , Maas H.-G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Full-waveform airborne laser scanning offers a great potential for various forestry applications. Especially applications requiring information on the vertical structure of the lower canopy parts benefit from the great amount of information contained in waveform data. To enable the derivation of vertical forest canopy structure, the development of suitable voxel based data analysis methods is straightforward. Beyond extracting additional 3D points, it is very promising to derive the voxel attributes from the digitized waveform directly. For this purpose, the differential backscatter cross sections have to be projected into a Cartesian voxel structure. Thereby the voxel entries represent amplitudes of the cross section and can be interpreted as a local measure for the amount of pulse reflecting matter. However, the "history" of each laser echo pulse is characterized by attenuation effects caused by reflections in higher regions of the crown. As a result, the received waveform signals within the canopy have a lower amplitude than it would be observed for an identical structure without the previous canopy structure interactions (Romanczyk et al., 2012). If the biophysical structure is determined from the raw waveform data, material in the lower parts of the canopy is thus under-represented. To achieve a radiometrically correct voxel space representation the loss of signal strength caused by partial reflections on the path of a laser pulse through the canopy has to be compensated. In this paper, we present an integral approach correcting the waveform at each recorded sample. The basic idea of the procedure is to enhance the waveform intensity values in lower parts of the canopy for portions of the pulse intensity, which have been reflected (and thus blocked) in higher parts of the canopy. The paper will discuss the developed correction method and show results from a validation both with synthetic and real world data.
Reconstructing 2-D/3-D Building Shapes from Spaceborne Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
Authors: Shahzad M. , Zhu X. X.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this paper, we present an approach that allows automatic (parametric) reconstruction of building shapes in 2-D/3-D using TomoSAR point clouds. These point clouds are generated by processing radar image stacks via advanced interferometric technique, called SAR tomography. The proposed approach reconstructs the building outline by exploiting both the available roof and façade information. Roof points are extracted out by employing a surface normals based region growing procedure via selected seed points while the extraction of façade points is based on thresholding the point scatterer density SD estimated by robust M-estimator. Spatial clustering is then applied to the extracted roof points in a way such that each roof cluster represents an individual building. Extracted façade points are reconstructed and afterwards incorporated to the segmented roof cluster to reconstruct the complete building shape. Initial building footprints are derived by employing alpha shapes method that are later regularized. Finally, rectilinear constraints are added to yield better geometrically looking building shapes. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated by examples using TomoSAR point clouds generated from a stack of TerraSAR-X high-resolution spotlight images from ascending orbit only covering two different test areas with one containing relatively smaller buildings in densely populated regions and the other containing moderate sized buildings in the city of Las Vegas.
Influence of blur on feature matching and a geometric approach for photogrammetric deblurring
Authors: Sieberth T. , Wackrow R. , Chandler J. H.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become an interesting and active research topic for photogrammetry. Current research is based on images acquired by a UAV, which have a high ground resolution and good spectral and radiometric resolution, due to the low flight altitudes combined with a high resolution camera. UAV image flights are also cost efficient and have become attractive for many applications including change detection in small scale areas. One of the main problems preventing full automation of data processing of UAV imagery is the degradation effect of blur caused by camera movement during image acquisition. This can be caused by the normal flight movement of the UAV as well as strong winds, turbulence or sudden operator inputs. This blur disturbs the visual analysis and interpretation of the data, causes errors and can degrade the accuracy in automatic photogrammetric processing algorithms. The aim of this research is to develop a blur correction method to deblur UAV images. Deblurring of images is a widely researched topic and often based on the Wiener or Richardson-Lucy deconvolution, which require precise knowledge of both the blur path and extent. Even with knowledge about the blur kernel, the correction causes errors such as ringing, and the deblurred image appears "muddy" and not completely sharp. In the study reported in this paper, overlapping images are used to support the deblurring process, which is advantageous. An algorithm based on the Fourier transformation is presented. This works well in flat areas, but the need for geometrically correct sharp images may limit the application. Deblurring images needs to focus on geometric correct deblurring to assure geometric correct measurements.
A novel camera calibration method for fish-eye lenses using line features
Authors: Srestasathiern P. , Soontranon N.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this paper, a novel method for the fish-eye lens calibration is presented. The method required only a 2D calibration plane containing straight lines i.e., checker board pattern without a priori knowing the poses of camera with respect to the calibration plane. The image of a line obtained from fish-eye lenses is a conic section. The proposed calibration method uses raw edges, which are pixels of the image line segments, in stead of using curves obtained from fitting conic to image edges. Using raw edges is more flexible and reliable than using conic section because the result from conic fitting can be unstable. The camera model used in this work is radially symmetric model i.e., bivariate non-linear function. However, this approach can use other single view point camera models. The geometric constraint used for calibrating the camera is based on the coincidence between point and line on calibration plane. The performance of the proposed calibration algorithm was assessed using simulated and real data.
Comparision of photogrammetric point clouds with BIM building elements for construction progress monitoring
Authors: Tuttas S. , Braun A. , Borrmann A. , Stilla U.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. For construction progress monitoring a planned state of the construction at a certain time (as-planed) has to be compared to the actual state (as-built). The as-planed state is derived from a building information model (BIM), which contains the geometry of the building and the construction schedule. In this paper we introduce an approach for the generation of an as-built point cloud by photogrammetry. It is regarded that that images on a construction cannot be taken from everywhere it seems to be necessary. Because of this we use a combination of structure from motion process together with control points to create a scaled point cloud in a consistent coordinate system. Subsequently this point cloud is used for an as-built – as-planed comparison. For that voxels of an octree are marked as occupied, free or unknown by raycasting based on the triangulated points and the camera positions. This allows to identify not existing building parts. For the verification of the existence of building parts a second test based on the points in front and behind the as-planed model planes is performed. The proposed procedure is tested based on an inner city construction site under real conditions.
Statistical Model For Pseudo-Moving Objects Recognition In Video Surveillance Systems
Authors: Vishnyakov B. , Egorov A. , Sidyakin S. , Malin I. , Vizilter Y.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper considers a statistical approach to define pseudo-moving (false) objects in video surveillance systems by constructing systems of hypothesis with the criteria based on statistical behavioral particularities. The obtained results are integrated in two ways: using the Bayes’ theorem or the logistic regression. FAR-FRR curves are plotted for each system of hypothesis and also for the decision rule. The results of the proposed methods are obtained on test video databases.
A general data-driven algorithm for façade structure modeling using ground based laser data
Authors: Yousefzadeh M. , Leurink F. H. M. , Beheshti jou M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Façade reconstruction from laser point cloud has been an interesting subject in Photogrammetric community for the last two decades. However, due to the variety of architecture types and the nature of laser data, proposing a fully automatic modelling algorithm is still a challenge. Irregular architecture, density variation, occlusion and noise level are the main hindering factors of proposing a general model for façade reconstruction. This paper describes the sequences of an automatic data- driven method which starts from raw laser data and ends with object extraction. Statistical analysis was frequently utilized in segmentation, splitting line detection and object characterization. A rule-based modification method was employed to model the complexity of façade layout. Developed interface enables non-expert user to interact with modelling process by setting few parameters. The method was tested over a couple of datasets.
SAR Image Segmentation Using Morphological Attribute Profiles
Authors: Boldt M. , Thiele A. , Schulz K. , Hinz S.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In the last years, the spatial resolution of remote sensing sensors and imagery has continuously improved. Focusing on spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, the satellites of the current generation (TerraSAR-X, COSMO-SykMed) are able to acquire images with sub-meter resolution. Indeed, high resolution imagery is visually much better interpretable, but most of the established pixel-based analysis methods have become more or less impracticable since, in high resolution images, self-sufficient objects (vehicle, building) are represented by a large number of pixels. Methods dealing with Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) provide help. Objects (segments) are groupings of pixels resulting from image segmentation algorithms based on homogeneity criteria. The image set is represented by image segments, which allows the development of rule-based analysis schemes. For example, segments can be described or categorized by their local neighborhood in a context-based manner. In this paper, a novel method for the segmentation of high resolution SAR images is presented. It is based on the calculation of morphological differential attribute profiles (DAP) which are analyzed pixel-wise in a region growing procedure. The method distinguishes between heterogeneous and homogeneous image content and delivers a precise segmentation result.
Non-Incremental Derivation of Scale and Pose from a Network of Relative Orientations
Authors: Cefalu A. , Fritsch D.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The majority of approaches to Structure from Motion apply an incremental triangulate-and-resect strategy in order to reconstruct camera motion and scene structure in a common reference frame. The sequential addition of images may cause a drifting behaviour during the reconstruction, in some cases causing the process to fail. Over the last decade, more attention has come to non-incremental approaches, which exploit the network characteristics arising from the 2- or 3-view relations, given for a set of images through relative orientations. Most approaches employ rotation registration, followed by translation registration. The latter being carried out with or without simultaneous scene reconstruction. We suggest an approach which starts by estimation of relative scales, followed by simultaneous registration of rotation and translation. The latter is achieved by employing a path-finding algorithm based on Ant- Colony-Optimization. For scale estimation we propose a window-search adaption of Levenberg-Marquardt, which avoids unnecessary matrix inversions. We also suggest a simple method for detection of outlier orientations.
Postmodern Authenticity and the Hipster Identity
Authors: Henke Kelsey
Published: August 2014

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Evolving Style in the Super Mario Bros. 3 Soundtrack
Authors: Head Andrew
Published: August 2014

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Explanation of Cover Art
Authors: Hohenwarter Drew
Published: August 2014

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AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE POTENCIAL DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PEQUENO, SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS, PR
Authors: Schechi Richardson Guenther , Bianchi Rita De Cássia , Guimarães Rafael Zoboli , Rizzi Nivaldo Eduardo
Published: August 2014

O presente trabalho demonstra a capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, São José dos Pinhais, PR, que é uma região de crescente expansão urbana e industrial da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Com a análise da capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água da bacia hidrográfica, podem ser identificadas áreas com maior ou menor capacidade de recarga de aquíferos, auxiliando, dessa maneira, na implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento socioeconômicas. Para tanto, foi aplicada a metodologia de avaliação da capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água proposta por Chiaranda (2002), que consiste na análise e cruzamento, em ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), de informações temáticas como geologia, geomorfologia, solo, cobertura vegetal original e usos dos solos nos anos de 1986, 1996 e 2007. No ano de 1986, a bacia apresentou 79,39; 49,38 e 1,68%, e em 2007 a bacia apresentou 74,10; 47,73 e 8,62% de sua área enquadrada nas classes de alta, média e baixa capacidade de armazenamento, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os usos da terra modificaram as características da capacidade potencial de armazenamento da bacia do rio Pequeno.Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; capacidade de armazenamento; hidrologia florestal. AbstractEvaluation of potential water storage capacity in the Rio Pequeno watershed, São José dos Pinhais, PR. This work demonstrates the potential water storage capacity of Rio Pequeno watershed, located in the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, in Paraná State, Brazil. The city is part of Curitiba Metropolitan Area and presents high urban and industrial development.The analysis of the Rio Pequeno watershed potential water storage capacity can identify areas of aquifers with higher or lower capacity to recharge, due to implementation of socioeconomic development policies. In order to that, it was applied the methodology of assessment of potential water storage capacity proposed by Chiaranda (2002). It consists in a Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis combined to different sources of information, such as geology, soil type, original plant cover and land uses. The methodology was applied to the years of 1986, 1996, and 2007. In 1986 the basin presented 79.39, 49.38, and 1.68%, in 2007 the basin presented 74.10, 47.73, and 8.62% of its framed area in classes of high, medium and low storage capacity, respectively. According to that, it was observed that land uses have changed the characteristics of potential water storage capacity of Rio Pequeno watershed. Keywords: Water resources; storage capacity; forest hydrology.
ESTIMATIVA DOS TEORES DE CARBONO POR ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO EM Merostachys skvortzovii (BAMBUSOIDAE)
Authors: Dallagnol Felipe Scheibe , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Nisgoski Silvana , Mognon Francelo
Published: August 2014

Os métodos para a estimação do carbono no solo e na vegetação são críticos para as estimativas, geralmente são onerosos e envolvem muito trabalho de campo e de laboratório. Essa justificativa reforça a necessidade de uma metodologia rápida e de simples operação e resposta. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é validar a utilização do infravermelho para gerar estimativas que possam satisfazer as premissas de rapidez e baixo custo nas estimativas com alta correlação aos teores reais de carbono encontrados na biomassa. Para que este trabalho fosse realizado, foram comparados os teores provenientes da análise de carbono pelo método da combustão e pelas estimativas provenientes da análise do infravermelho (NIR). Os espectros sofreram diferentes pré-tratamentos antes da modelagem, para obtenção dos teores de carbono. Com relação aos teores de carbono encontrados na espécie em questão, eles oscilaram entre 35,87% e 45,58%, com uma média geral para os teores de 42,63%. O modelo que melhor representou as variações dos teores de carbono foram os espectros que sofrerem o pré-tratamento através da aplicação da segunda derivada, resultando em um erro de validação interna de 0,822 e um coeficiente de calibração (R²) 0,764.Palavras-chave: Bambu; Nir; método não destrutivo. AbstractCarbon yeld estimation by infrared spectroscopy in Merostachys skvortzovii (Bambusoidae). The estimation methods for the soil’s and vegetation’s carbon are critical for the estimates, they are often expensive and involve too much field work and laboratory, reinforcing the need for a methodology of rapid and simple operation and response. So, the objective of this research is to validate the use of infrared analysis to generate estimates that can satisfy the assumptions. The concentrations of carbon from the analysis by the combustion method were compared to the estimates derived from the infrared analysis (NIR), the spectra experienced different pretreatments before modeling in order to obtain the carbon content. In relation to carbon content found in the concerned species, they ranged between 35.87% and 45.58% with an overall average for the contents of 42.63%. The model that better represented variations of the carbon were the spectra under pretreatment by applying the second derivative, resulting in a validation error of 0.822 and an internal calibration coefficient (R ²) of 0.764.Keywords: Bamboo; Nir; Non-destructive method.
ASPECTOS FLORÍSTICOS DE TRÊS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE MATA CILIAR EM ARROIO DO PADRE, EXTREMO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA
Authors: Venzke Tiago Schuch , Martins Sebastião Venâncio
Published: August 2014

O objetivo foi caracterizar a composição e as relações florísticas de estágios sucessionais de uma mata ciliar em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Município de Arroio do Padre, extremo sul do Brasil. A área amostral foi 1,2 ha, dividida em 0,2 ha para capoeira (5 anos de regeneração), 0,5 ha para floresta secundária (45 anos de regeneração) e 0,5 ha de floresta madura. Em parcelas de 10 x 10 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com DAP ≥5 cm. A riqueza nos três estágios sucessionais revelou 72 espécies, distribuídas em 52 gêneros e 33 famílias. A capoeira apresentou menor número de táxons, enquanto na fase madura ocorreram maior quantidade (49) e riqueza de espécies exclusivas (20). A composição florística foi influenciada pelo estágio sucessional, e a classificação das parcelas pela análise de similaridade formou agrupamentos conforme a idade da regeneração. Isso reflete a adaptação da comunidade às condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo avanço da sucessão ecológica. Assim, recomenda-se que as estratégias de restauração florestal considerem as espécies adaptadas ao estágio sucessional, a fim de maximizar os projetos de reflorestamento e restauração ecológica.Palavras-chave: Pelotas; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; sucessão florestal; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition of three successional stages of a riparian forest in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, very south of Brazil. This research aims to characterize composition and floristic relations of three successional stages of a Riparian Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, South of Brazil. The sample area was divided into 0.2 ha for ‘capoeira’ (five years of regeneration), 0.5 ha for secondary forest (45 years for regeneration), and 0.5 ha for mature forest (primary forest). Richness in the three succession stages included 72 species distributed into 52 genera and 33 families. ‘Capoeira’ presented lower quantity of taxa, whereas in the mature forest occurred greater number of species (49) and exclusive species (20). The floristic composition was influenced by successional stage and classification of plots by the similarity analysis clusters formed as the regeneration time. Differences in floristic composition reflect community adaptation to the conditions provided along succession. These variations reveal that the age of the succession reflects in forest floristic, and strategies for forest restoration should consider species adapted to successional stages in order to maximize native forests reforestation projects.Keywords: Municipality of Pelotas; Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest; forest ecology.
VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana
Authors: Eloy Elder , Caron Braulio Otomar , Trevisan Rômulo , Schmidt Denise , Zanon Magda Lea Bolzan , Behling Alexandre , Monteiro Gean Charles
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave:  Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.
DINÂMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORESTA, PE
Authors: Silva Emanuel Araújo , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Sá Iêdo Bezerra , Duarte Simone Mirtes Araújo
Published: August 2014

Objetivou-se mapear a dinâmica de mudança do uso da terra e da cobertura florestal no período de 21 anos (1987 a 2008), no município de Floresta, PE. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 nos períodos de 1987, 1997 e 2008. Utilizou-se o aplicativo SPRING para elaboração da base de dados cartográficos e do processamento digital das imagens. As imagens foram segmentadas e classificadas pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya, com a finalidade de produzir mapas temáticos nos seguintes usos da terra: vegetação densa, vegetação semidensa, solo exposto, agropecuária (cultivos/pecuária), corpos d´água e mata ciliar. Para um período de 21 anos, a cobertura florestal recuou 14,83%. O solo exposto teve um ganho de 8,61%, a classe agropecuária acumulou um ganho de 5,75%, os corpos d’água, ao longo do tempo, demonstraram um aumento de 4,03% e a mata ciliar teve tendência à queda ao longo dos períodos analisados, com uma perda total de 3,57%. Esses dados refletem as transformações por que o município de Floresta vem passando quanto ao uso da terra. A diminuição da cobertura florestal do município entre 1987 e 2008 foi a principal consequência da interação clima e pressão antrópica por recursos florestais, necessidade de expansão urbana e atividades agropecuárias.Palavras chave: Sensoriamento remoto; gestão florestal; semiárido; caatinga. AbstractUse dinamics and land cover in Floresta-PE. The objective was to map the dynamic changes of land use and forest cover in the last 21 years (1987 to 2008), the City of Forest-PE. We used satellite images LANDSAT 5 periods in 1987, 1997 and 2008. We used the SPRING software for compiling the database and cartographic processing of digital images. The images were segmented and classified by the algorithm Bhattacharya, in order to produce thematic maps in the following land uses: dense vegetation, semi-dense vegetation, bare soil, agriculture (crops / livestock), water bodies and riparian vegetation. For a period of 21 years the forest cover decreased by 14.83%. The soil was exposed to a gain of 8.61%, the class agricultural accumulated gain of 5.75%, water bodies, over time, showed an increase of 4.03% and riparian tended to fall over the periods analyzed with a total loss of 3.57%. These data reflect the changes that the city has been experiencing as of forest land use. The decrease in forest cover between 1987 and 2008 the city was the main consequence of the interaction of climate and anthropogenic pressure forest resources, need for urban expansion and agricultural activities.Keywords: Remote sensing; forest management; semiarid; caatinga.
CRESCIMENTO E NUTRIÇÃO MINERAL DE MUDAS DE BARBATIMÃO SOB EFEITO DA OMISSÃO DE NUTRIENTES
Authors: Carlos Leandro , Venturin Nelson , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Higashikawa Emilio Manabu
Published: August 2014

Com o objetivo de avaliar os requerimentos nutricionais e os efeitos da omissão de nutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), conduziu-se um experimento com o uso da técnica de elemento faltante. Foram empregados 12 tratamentos, em um delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com oito repetições. Adotaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: completo 1 (adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn e calagem como fonte de Ca e Mg e corrigindo acidez do solo), completo 2 (completo 1 – calagem, tendo CaSO4.2H2O e MgSO4.7H2O como fontes de Ca e Mg sem corrigir acidez do solo), C1 - N, C1 - P, C1 - K, C1 - S, C1 - B, C1 - Zn, C1 - calagem, C2 - Ca, C2 - Mg e testemunha. Foram medidos diâmetros e alturas das plantas, as quais foram separadas em parte aérea e sistema radicular. As mudas foram secas e pesadas, sendo determinados os teores de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. O fósforo e o boro foram os nutrientes mais limitantes, e a calagem afetou negativamente o crescimento. A sequência de exigência nutricional apresentada pelas mudas de barbatimão em relação ao tratamento completo, em ordem decrescente, foi: P > B > Zn > Mg > K > N > S > Ca.Palavras-chave: Nutriente faltante; cerrado; nutrição florestal. AbstractGrowth and mineral nutrition in seedlings of barbatimão subjected to nutrient deprivation. Aiming to evaluate nutritional requirements and effects of nutrient depravation in developing of seedlings of  barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), we conducted an experiment in a green house. We employed 12 treatments in a fully randomized block design with eight replications. We applied the following treatments: complete 1 (C1-fertilized with N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn and lime as Ca and Mg sources), complete 2 (complete 1 – lime with CaSO4.2H2O and MgSO4.7H2O as Ca and Mg sources), C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C1-lime, C2-Ca, C2-Mg, and control. We measured diameters and heights and separated them into shoot and root system. We dried the samples, weighed them and determined the nutrients levels in shoot dry matter. As result, we identified that phosphorus and boron were the most limiting factor to growth, as well as liming had a negative effect on growth; the sequence of nutritional requirements presented by barbatimão seedlings in relation to complete treatment was: P> B> Zn> Mg> K> N> S> Ca.Keywords: Nutrient missing; savannah; forest nutrition.
EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Druszcz João Paulo , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro , Pellico Netto Sylvio , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Rosot Nelson Carlos , Bamberg Rogério
Published: August 2014

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.
ASPECTOS AMBIENTAIS DA TRILHA VIA NOROESTE DO PARQUE ESTADUAL PICO DO MARUMBI, PR
Authors: Vashchenko Yury , Biondi Daniela , Lima Marcelo Ricardo de , Roderjan Carlos Vellozo
Published: August 2014

O Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi foi criado em 1990 com a finalidade de preservar o maciço Marumbi. A trilha Via Noroeste é um dos principais acessos ao Olimpo, ponto culminante do maciço, além de outros cumes do conjunto. Devido à visitação intensa e à ação da erosão, essa trilha apresenta pontos extremamente degradados. O objetivo foi caracterizar e classificar os solos e a vegetação e correlacioná-los com declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo, gerando, assim, subsídio para posterior avaliação da erosão. Ao longo da trilha, foram realizadas tradagens e abertura de perfis para descrição geral e morfológica dos solos. A vegetação foi caracterizada fisionomicamente. Em seguida correlacionaram-se vegetação, solos, declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo. Observou-se que predominou o granito Marumbi como material geológico. Foram identificados solos pertencentes às classes dos Cambissolos, Argissolos, Neossolos e Organossolos, e a cobertura vegetal foi classificada como Floresta Ombrófila Densa, subdividida nas formações Submontana, Submontana transição Montana, Montana, Montana de porte baixo, Altomontana e Altomontana de porte baixo. Concluiu-se que a altitude e a declividade definem os solos e a vegetação de acordo com a posição no relevo.Palavras-chave: Ecologia florestal; solos florestais; vegetação de montanha. AbstractEnvironmental aspects of the Via Noroeste trail of the Pico do Marumbi State Park, PR. Pico do Marumbi State Park was created in 1990 to preserve the Marumbi massif. The Via Noroeste trail is one of the main access to Olimpo, the culmination point. This trail presents extremely degraded points, because the intense visitation and action of erosion. This research aim to characterize and classify the soils and vegetation and correlate them with slope, elevation, geology and position on the relief, in order to generate subsidy for future erosion assessment. Soil profiles were exposed for morphologic description. The vegetation was physionomically characterized. Then it correlated vegetation, soils, slope, altitude, geology and position on the relief. The Marumbi granite was identified as the geological predominant material. The soils were classified as Cambisols, Acrisols, Leptosols, Regosols and Histosols. The vegetation was classified as Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Rain Forest), subdivided in Submontane Forest, Submontane transition Montane Forest, Montane Forest, small sized Submontane Forest, Upper Montane Forest, small sized Upper Montane Forest and Grassland. As conclusion, the altitude and slope define soil and vegetation according to the position on the relief.Keywords: Forestry ecology; Forestry soils; Mountain vegetation.
ANÁLISE ANTROPOMÉTRICA DE TRABALHADORES EM ATIVIDADES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO FLORESTAL
Authors: Lopes Eduardo Silva , Britto Pedro Caldas , Laat Erivelton Fontana , Fiedler Nilton César , Vieira Thabata Palma
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise antropométrica de trabalhadores em atividades de implantação florestal, visando a melhoria das condições de saúde e segurança. Medidas antropométricas estáticas foram obtidas em uma amostra de 250 trabalhadores florestais que atuavam em uma empresa localizada no estado do Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos na posição em pé, sentado, da cabeça, das mãos e dos pés e analisados por meio do cálculo de percentis. Foram determinados os padrões antropométricos dos trabalhadores florestais, os limites mínimos e máximos das variáveis, e definidas as suas aplicações no dimensionamento de postos de trabalho, equipamentos e algumas ferramentas utilizadas em atividades de implantação florestal. Alguns resultados foram aplicados na análise de uma plantadora e adubadora, sendo que as medidas de altura e comprimento da pega das hastes da plantadora e adubadora não estavam compatíveis com as variáveis antropométricas dos trabalhadores no percentil de 95%, necessitando de ajustes nas ferramentas para evitar problemas de desconforto no trabalho e possíveis danos à saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores.Palavras-chave: Implantação florestal; antropometria; saúde; segurança. AbstractAnthropometric analysis of workers in forest planting operations. This research aims to evaluate the anthropometric measures of the workers in forest planting operations, to improve health and safety conditions. We obtained static anthropometric measurements from a sample of 250 forest workers who worked in a company located in Paraná State. The data obtained refers to standing and sitting positions, besides head, hands and feet and analyzed by percentile calculations. It was determined the anthropometrics patterns of workers, the minimum and maximum limits of the variables and select their applications in the design of jobs, equipment and some tools for forest planting activities. Measurements of height and length of the handle stem planter and fertilizer weren´t compatible with the anthropometric variables of workers at the 95% percentile, requiring adjustments to avoid problems of discomfort at work and possible damage to the health and safety of workers.Keywords: Forest planting; anthropometry; health; safety.
Contemporary incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer in the United States
Authors: Gandaglia Giorgio , Ravi Praful , Abdollah Firas , Abd-El-Barr Abd-El-Rahman M. , Becker Andreas , Popa Ioana , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Jewett Michael A , Sun Maxine
Published: August 2014

Introduction: This is a timely update of incidence and mortality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the United States.Methods: Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age-adjusted incidence, mortality rates and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with histologically confirmed kidney cancer between 1975 and 2009. Long-term (1975–2009) and short-term (2000–2009) trends were examined by joinpoint analysis, and quantified using the annual percent change (APC). The reported findings were stratified according to disease stage.Results: Age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC increased by +2.76%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 6.5 to 17.1/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and by +2.85%/year between 2000 and 2009 (p < 0.001). For the same time points, the corresponding APC for the incidence of localized stage were +4.55%/year (from 3.0 to 12.2/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and +4.42%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. The incidence rates of regional stage increased by +0.88%/year between 1975 and 2009 (p < 0.001), but stabilized in recent years (2000–2009: +0.56%/year, p = 0.4). Incidence rates of distant stage remained unchanged in long- and short-term trends. Overall mortality rates increased by +1.72%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 1.2 to 5.0/100 000 person-years, P<0.001), but stabilized between 1994 and 2004 (p = 0.1). Short-term mortality rates increased in a significant fashion by +3.14%/year only for localized stage (p < 0.001).Interpretation: In contemporary years, there is a persisting upward trend in incidence and mortality of localized RCC.
Long-term complications in men who have early or late radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Sowerby Robert , Gani Johan , Yim Harold , Radomski Sidney , Catton Charles
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Choosing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or salvage RT after radical prostatectomy (RP) for locally advanced prostate cancer is controversial. Performing RT early after RP may increase the risk of urinary complications compared to RT performed later. We evaluated the urinary complication rates of men treated with surgery followed by early or late RT.Methods: Using a retrospective chart review, we compared rates of urinary incontinence (UI), bladder neck contracture (BNC), or urethral stricture in men with prostate cancer treated with early RT (<6 months after RP) or late RT (≥6 months after RP), 3 years after RT.Results: In total, 652 patients (between 2000 and 2007) underwent early RT (162, 24.8%) or late RT (490, 75.2%) after RP. The mean time to early RT was 3.6 months (range: 1-5 months) and to late RT was 30.1 months (range: 6-171 months). At 3 years post-RT, UI rates were similar in the early RT and the late RT groups (24.5% vs. 23.3%, respectively, p = 0.79). Prior to RT, 27/652 (4%) patients had a BNC and 11/652 (1.7%) had a urethral stricture, of which only 1 BNC persisted at 3 years post-RT. After RT, 17/652 (2.6%) BNC and 4/652 (0.6%) urethral stricture developed; of these, 6 BNC and 2 urethral strictures persisted at 3 years.Conclusion: Rates of UI, BNC, and urethral stricture were similar with early and late RT at 3 years post-RT. These findings suggest that the timing of RT after RP does not alter the incidences of these urinary complications and can aid in the decision-making process regarding adjuvant RT versus salvage RT.
Application of bone scans for prostate cancer staging: Which guideline shows better result?
Authors: Chong Ari , Hwang Insang , Ha Jung-min , Yu Seong Hyeon , Hwang Eu Chang , Yu Ho Song , Kim Sun Ouck , Jung Seung-Il , Kang Taek Won , Kwon Dong Deuk , Park Kwangsung
Published: August 2014

Introduction: We evaluated the accuracy of current guidelines by analyzing bone scan results and clinical parameters of patients with prostate cancer to determine the optimal guideline for predicting bone metastasis.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and who underwent a bone scan. Bone metastasis was confirmed by bone scan results with clinical and radiological follow-up. Serum prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, percent of positive biopsy core, clinical staging and bone scan results were analyzed. We analyzed diagnostic performance in predicting bone metastasis of the guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU), American Urological Association (AUA), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines as well as Briganti’s classification and regression tree (CART). We also compared the percent of positive biopsy core between patients with and without bone metastases.Results: A total 167 of 806 patients had bone metastases. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that the AUA and EAU guidelines were better for detecting bone metastases than were Briganti’s CART and NCCN. No significant difference was observed between AUA and EAU guidelines. Patients with bone metastases had a higher percent positive core than did patients without metastasis (the cut-off value >55.6).Conclusion: The EAU and AUA guidelines showed better results than did Briganti’s CART and NCCN for predicting bone metastasis in the enrolled patients. A bone scan is strongly recommended for patients who have a higher percent positive core and who meet the EAU and AUA guidelines.
Maximal kidney length predicts need for native nephrectomy in ADPCKD patients undergoing renal transplantation
Authors: Cristea Octav , Yanko Daniel , Felbel Sarah , House Andrew , Sener Alp , Luke Patrick P.W.
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Native nephrectomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is performed on a case-by-case basis. We determine if pre-transplant maximal kidney length (MKL) can be used to predict ultimate nephrectomy status.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of ADPKD patients who underwent renal transplantation at our centre between January2000 and December 2012. Pre-transplant measurements of MKL alone, MKL adjusted for height (HtMKL), weight (WtMKL) and body mass index (BMI-MKL) were each assessed for their predictive ability via a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: In total, 84 patients met our inclusion criteria, of which17 (20.2%) underwent native nephrectomy. An MKL ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.867 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.775–0.931; p < 0.001). An optimal cut-off criterion of >21.5 cm revealed a sensitivity of 94.1% (95% CI 71.3–99.9) and specificity of 70.1% (95% CI 57.7–80.7) for eventual nephrectomy. The AUC of HtMKL, WtMKL and BMI-MKL ROC curves did not differ significantly from MKL alone. HtMKL improved specificity, but not overall test performance. The determination of the cut-off MKL may be influenced by the single-centre retrospective nature of this analysis, as well as the fact that renal size was determined by ultrasound and not computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion: MKL in patients with ADPKD is associated with the eventual need for nephrectomy and may be a useful clinical tool to risk stratify these patients and therefore guide patient conversations to a decision to leave the native kidneys in situ.
New trends in androgen deprivation therapy: Summary of key research presented at AUA 2014
Authors: Editorial CUAJ
Published: August 2014

At the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association (AUA), there were a number of educational sessions presenting new research regarding the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Two important themes related to ADT that emerged during the conference were the relationship between ADT and cardiovascular (CV) risk and the optimization of testosterone suppression. The following sections will provide highlights of from the AUA sessions on these two topics.
Update on medical therapy for male LUTS
Authors: Radomski Sidney B.
Published: August 2014

The medical management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is aimed at addressing voiding and storage symptoms in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms with or without an overactive bladder (OAB). Current available options for BPH include the alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. For OAB, options include antimuscarinics, with or without an alpha-blocker, the beta-3-adrenergic agonist mirabegron, and the synthetic diuretic desmopressin. With the availability of numerous options and combinations available for the treatment of LUTS, individual patient assessment is the key to optimal symptom control and management of adverse effects.