bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВТОРИЧНОГО СЫРЬЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА В ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЕ
Authors: Костанова А.Т. , Байтукенова Ш.Б.
Published: September 2024

Одно из фундаментальных принципов современного глобального сельского хозяйства заключается в эффективном использовании ресурсов. Проблема рационального использования сырья предполагает разумное применение его компонентов для достижения максимальной производственной эффективности. Решение этой проблемы направлено на увеличение эффективности переработки вторичного мясного сырья с использованием передовых технологий, что позволит увеличить прибыль предприятий и обеспечить их экологическую и пищевую безопасность.
Актуальность работы заключается в изучении возможностей безотходной и малотходной переработки мясных продуктов. Основой рациональной переработки вторичного мясного сырья является применение безотходных и малоотходных технологий, сводящих к минимуму потери сырья с производственными стоками, требующими больших энергозатрат для их очистки, а также обеспечивающих высокий выход и качество конечной продукции. Важно отметить, что в зависимости от вида и ветеринарно-санитарного благополучия животных возможно и экономически оправдано использование вторичного мясного сырья для производства пищевой, кормовой и технической продукции. Малоценные субпродукты представляют собой широкий спектр продуктов убоя, отличающихся своим морфологическим строением и агрегатным состоянием: мякотные, мясокостные, шерстные и слизистые. В настоящее время одной из наиболее сложных задач является обработка мясокостных и слизистых субпродуктов, таких как головы говяжьи, свиные, конские, а также кишечное сырье говяжье, баранье, конское и других убойных животных. Наиболее эффективным следует признать комплексное использование мякотных и слизистых субпродуктов обеспечило выпуск широкого ассортимента консервов, таких как зельцы, субпродукты в желе, паштеты, а также национальных и деликатесных блюд с использованием кишечного сырья конины. Вследствие разработан новый способ обезжиривания и обеззараживания кишечного сырья кишечного сырья, отличающийся тем, что снижается бактериальная обсемененность сырья, улучшаются его органолептичсекие показатели и увеличивается срок хранения.
Проведенные исследования и разработанные технологии позволяют обеспечить комплексную переработку и использование малоценных субпродуктов для увеличения выпуска высококачественных пищевых продуктов. Для таких продуктов необходимо предусмотреть новые названия, чтобы избежать фальсификации традиционных видов консервов, выработка которых осуществлялась преимущественно на основе говядины, свинины и баранины. Приведенные данные убедительно свидетельствуют о необходимости внедрения других методов обезжиривания и обеззараживания кишечного сырья, чтобы исключить значительные потери жира и белковых веществ и загрязнение окружающей среды. Дальнейшее развитие переработки и использования вторичного мясного сырья связано с применением новых комплексных безотходных и малоотходных технологий, что позволит значительно расширить ассортимент выпускаемой продукции, повысить ее качество, сократить потери и трудоемкость.
ПРОБИОТИКАЛЫҚ ӨНІМ АЛУДА СҮТҚЫШҚЫЛДЫ БАКТЕРИЯЛАРҒА СКРИНИНГ ЖҮРГІЗУ
Authors: Орынбаева Ж.А. , Тунгушбаева З.Б.
Published: September 2024

Зерттеудің мақсаты сүтқышқылды бактериялардан пробиотикалық белсенді штаммдар алу. Зерттеу жұмысының алға қойған міндеттері ең алдымен пробиотикалық консорциум алу мақсатында сүтқышқылды өнімдерді зерттеу, сүтқышқылды бактерияларға тәжірибелер жүргізу, пробиотикалық консорциум құрылымын талдау болып табылады.
Себебі, микробиология саласындағы пробиотикалық өнім алу үшін ең көп сұранысқа ие бағыттар сүтқышқылды бактериялардан жаңа белсенді штамдарды табу өзекті мәселе. Яғни, белсенді бактериялардың көмегімен алынған перспективті пробиотикалық препараттар мен функционалды тамақтану өнімдерін өндіруге арналған бактериялар болып саналады. Осыған байланысты биологиялық зерттеуде осы микроорганизмдердің жаңа штамдарының қасиеттерін анықтау өте маңызды.
Осы зерттеуде зерттеу нысаны ретінде үй жағдайындағы сүт өнімдері қолданылды. Сүт өнімдерінен S-1, S-2, d-3, d-4, S-805, S-106, S-П1-5, S-74, S-414, S-612, S-817, S-819, S-149 түрлі сүтқышқылды бактериялар бөлініп алынып, олардан белсенді штамм анықтау мақсатында толық скрининг жұмыстары жүргізілді. Жалпы айтар болсақ, микробиологиялық, яғни сүтқышұылды бактериялардың антоганистік қасиеттерін анықтау, антибиотиктерге төзімділігі, биоүйлесімділік, әртүрлі температурада олардың өсу қарқындылығын бақылау, морфологиялық және мәдени қасиеттерді анықтау, физиологиялық және биохимиялық қасиеттерді анықтау әдістері қолданылды.
Зерттеу әдістері Himedia дайын қоректік ортасы арқылы жүзеге асырды. Әрбір штамм зарарсыздандырылған Петри табақшасында белгіленіп егілді. Егілген штамдар термостатқа 24 сағатқа 37◦С  температурасына орналастырылды. Нәтижесінде штаммдардың өсу қарқыны белсенді түрде анықталды. Осылайша, зерттеу үшін алынған сүт қышқылы бактерияларының штамдары зертханада үш реттен жасалынып, нақты нәтиже алынды. Яғни, мысал келтірсек, зерттеу нәтижелері бойынша S-805 штаммына S-106, S-П1-5 биоүйлесімділікте екендігі, ал қалған штаммдардың сәйкес келуі әртүрлі деңгейде байқалды. Халықаралық стандартты микробиологиялық әдістерін қолдана отырып зерттеу нәтижесі бойынша S-612, S-106, S-414, S-811, S-1, S-2, d-3, d-4 штаммдары жоғары белсенділікті көрсетті.
Қорытынды бойынша таңдап алынған штаммдар лактобацилл топтарына жатады: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophylus.
Зерттеуге алынған сүтқышқылды бактерияларды осылайша микробиологиялық әдістерін қолдана отырып сүтқышқылды бактериялардан алынған нәтижелер бактерияларға скриниг жүргізу болашақта пробиотикалық консорциум  алуда, пробиотикалық өнім алуда үлкен мүмкіндік береді. Қазіргі уақытта әлемдік ғалымдар адамның иммун тапшылығын зерттейтін пробиотикалық препараттарды әзірлеуде. Биология ғылымдарының жетістігі елде ғылыми дәлелденген және ішкі ағзаның жалпы құрылымы үшін емдік қасиеттері бар пробиотикалық штаммдарды қолдана отырып, бірнеше зерттеу кезеңдерінен өткен препараттарды өндіруден тұрады.
ЭКСПРЕССИОННАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА МИЦЕЛИАЛЬНОГО ГРИБА PENICILLIUM VERRUCULOSUM ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ ФЕРМЕНТНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ
Authors: Рожкова А.М. , Чулкин А.М. , Синельников И.Г. , Кислицин В.Ю. , Шашков И.А. , Волков П.В. , Осипов Д.О. , Семенова М.В. , Синицына О.А. , Кондратьева Е.Г. , Синицын А.П.
Published: September 2024

Мицелиальный гриб Penicillium verruculosum (ВКМ F-3972D) является высокопродуктивным продуцентом комплекса ферментов, участвующих в биодеградации полимеров растительной клеточной стенки. Секреторная способность P. verruculosum достигает 60 г/л внеклеточного белка, что позволяет использовать его в качестве базового продуцента ферментов и ферментных комплексов, востребованных промышленными биотехнологиями.
На базе гриба P.verruculosum была разработана система экспрессии, основанная на использовании сильного индуцибельного промотора гена cbh1, кодирующего ключевой фермент секретируемого комплекса – целлобиогидролазу 1. Для получения рекомбинантных штаммов методами геномного редактирования был получен ауксотрофный штамм-реципиент Penicillium verruculosum 537, дефектный по гену niaD, кодирующий нитратредуктазу, что позволило осуществить направленную селекцию рекомбинантов на средах с нитратом натрия. Анализ транскрипционного механизма P.verruculosum позволил получить генерацию реципиентных штаммов с нокаутом генов негативных факторов транскрипции (TacA, CreA), что позволило качественно улучшить состав секретируемого комплекса. Частичная дерепрессия штамма по глюкозе позволила оптимизировать схему ферментации рекоминантных штаммов в режиме fed-batch.
Используя разработанную систему экспрессии были получены штаммы-продуценты кормовых ферментов (эндоглюканазы, ксиланазы, пептидазы) для гидролиза некрахмальных полисахаридов зерна и соевого белка, штаммы-продуценты комплекса пектиндеградирующих ферментов для различных направлений пищевой промышленности, комплекс инулин-деградирующих ферментов для получения фруктозо-глюкозных сиропов и фруктоолигосхаридов, разрабатывается комплекс ферментов-пептидаз и липаз для моющих средств и т.д..
Важно отметить, что разработки ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН имеют реальный спрос в секторе биотехнологий РФ. Плотные связи Лаборатории биотехнологии ферментов ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН с заводом ферментных препаратов ООО «Агрофермент» позволяет внедрять разработки в промышленность и сельское хозяйство.
Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ в соответствии с договором № 075-15-2022-318 от 20.04.2022 о предоставлении гранта в виде субсидии из федерального бюджета РФ. Грант предоставлен для государственной поддержки создания и развития НЦМУ «Агротехнологии будущего».
ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ И ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ПАТОГЕНОВ АКВАКУЛЬТУР РЫБНЫХ ХОЗЯЙСТВ
Authors: Сармурзина З.С. , Текебаева Ж.Б. , Бисенова Г.Н. , Мусабаева Б.К. , Мухтубаева С.К. , Искакова Ж.Б.
Published: September 2024

В последние годы аквакультура стремительно развивается и имеет важное значение для поддержания жизни более 1 миллиарда людей во всем мире. В Казахстане, где на внутреннем рынке присутствует импортная продукция до 75%, необходимо развивать отечественное рыбное хозяйство. Основным направлением для развития и производства рыбной продукции является искусственное воспроизводство. Одним из основных препятствий для устойчивого и успешного развития аквакультуры рыб являются различные паталогии (паразитарные, бактериальные, грибковые заболевания). Рыбы, выращиваемые в условиях переполненности и стресса, более восприимчивы к бактериальной инфекции, что приводит к значительным потерям поголовья. Антибиотики и химикаты являются распространенными способами профилактики болезней рыб и борьбы с ними, но в настоящее время их использование ограничено или даже запрещено из-за серьезных проблем, таких как биоаккумуляция остатков в окружающей среде и рыбе, устойчивость к патогенам и дальнейшее распространение штаммов с антибактериальной резистентностью.
Для дальнейшего устойчивого развития индустрии аквакультуры, обеспечение управления здоровьем культивируемых рыб необходимы новые стратегии борьбы с инфекционными паталогиями, применение экологически безопасных мер профилактики заболеваний путем разработки новых технологий.
Целью исследования являлось выделение бактериальных патогенов из зараженной аквакультуры рыбных хозяйстви проведение их идентификации.
В результате проведенных исследований из представителей зараженной аквакультуры - судак, окунь, карась, щука, сельдь, язь, полученных из различных рыбных хозяйств и водоемов Казахстана выделено 30 изолятов бактериальных патогенов. Получено и идентифицировано 14 штаммов бактерий на основании морфолого-культуральных признаков и анализа нуклеотидной последовательности гена 16S rRNA, которые принадлежат 8 группам бактерий: Aeromonas (2 вида), Serratia (6 видов), Macrococcus (1 вид), Enterococcus (1 вид), Klebsiella (1 вид), Bacillus (3 вида), Pseudomonas (1 вид) и Micrococcus (1 вид).
Дальнейшим этапом исследоватльской работы будет поиск и разработка комплексной биотехнологии применения фитоисточников и микроорганизмов для профилактики и лечения бактериальных инфекций аквакультуры.
Данная работа выполнена в рамках финансирования Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования РК (AP19679554).
GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DRUG RESISTANCE PROFILES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS LINEAGE 2 IN KAZAKHSTAN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Auganova D. , Atavliyeva S. , Akisheva A. , Tsepke A. , Tarlykov P.
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis remains a highly contagious infection, with an estimated annual transmission of about 10 million people globally, as reported in the latest Global Tuberculosis Report by the World Health Organization (WHO). The primary objective of this research is to determine the geographical distribution and drug resistance profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 2, which is predominant in Kazakhstan.
A total of over 200 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) were collected from regional phthisiopulmonology centers across all regions of Kazakhstan between 2012 and 2024. Clinical isolates were genotyped using a PCR assay targeting the dnaA-dnaN:IS6110 region, specific for the modern Beijing genotype. Subsequently, selected samples were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The TB-Profiler prediction tool was utilized to identify resistance against anti-tubercular drugs and to genotype the lineages.
A total of 102 clinical isolates belonging to the L2 modern Beijing genotype were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The L2.2.1 genetic cluster was identified as the only sublineage present, according to Coll et al.'s classification. More than half of the specimens were found to be multidrug-resistant (n=60, 59%). Among the analyzed samples, monoresistance to isoniazid (IHN) was detected in 17 (16%) cases, while 14 (14%) cases were drug-susceptible TB. Additionally, 7 (7%) cases were identified as Pre-XDR (resistant to rifampicin, isoniazid, and either fluoroquinolones or second-line injectable drugs), 3 (3%) cases were monoresistant to streptomycin, and 1 (1%) case exhibited resistance to rifampicin only.
Regional distribution of samples is as follows: Aktau and Kostanay are 14% (n=13/102), Kyzylorda (n=12/102), Taldykourgan (n=11/102), Pavlodar, Karaganda, and Atyrau are at 6% (6/102); Semey is 10% (n=9/102), Almaty and Taraz at 4%, and Shymkent city is 1% (n=1/102).
This ongoing research is focused on resistance patterns, genotypes, and transmission dynamics among different regions of Kazakhstan using next-generation sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis and interpretation of the data.
Confiabilidad, dimensionalidad e invarianza de la Escala Rosenberg de autoestima en adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Pineda Roa Carlos Alejandro , Llinás Solano Humberto , Manjarres Jiménez Elquis , Salamanca Camargo Yenny , Villalobos Galvis Fredy Hernán , Bahamón Marly Johana , Bello Villanueva Ana Mercedes , Martínez Chía Angela Paola , Corredor González Diana Yuranny
Published: September 2024

La Escala de Rosenberg de Autoestima (ERA) es un instrumento ampliamente usado para la estimación de la autoestima en población adolescente; sin embargo, poco se conoce del rendimiento psicométrico en adolescentes colombianos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la consistencia interna, dimensionalidad e invarianza factorial según sexo y contexto en adolescentes escolarizados. Se realizó un estudio de validación con la participación de 725 estudiantes de dos regiones colombianas (Nariño y Boyacá) con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años (M = 13.90; DE = 1.82); 52,8 % de sexo femenino. Se estimó la consistencia interna mediante omega de McDonald, la estructura dimensional por medio de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), y la invarianza factorial, por sexo y región. La consistencia interna de la ERA fue de 0.78 y 0.65 para autoconfianza y autodesprecio respectivamente. El AFC ratificó que la ERA posee una estructura bifactorial, con excelente ajuste de los datos al modelo χ2(26) = 72.77; p ≤ 0.000; RMSEA = 0.05, IC 90 % 0.03-0.06; CFI = 0.96 y factores intercorrelacionados (r = 0.44). Se concluye que la ERA en adolescentes colombianos presenta adecuada consistencia interna, estructura bidimensional e invarianza estricta fuerte según sexo e invarianza parcial según región. Los hallazgos corroboran estudios previos, sin embargo, más investigaciones son necesarias en contextos colombianos.
Expanding the Capability of a Legacy Combustion Flame Tube to Test High-Temperature Engine Materials in Relevant Environments
Authors: Harder Bryan J. , Liebfried Carl W. , Luginbuhl Thomas R. , Smith Andrew D. , Stalker Amy R. , Presby Michael J.
Published: September 2024

New materials and component designs are needed to advance gas turbine engine technology and provide the performance and efficiency needs for future applications. In order to advance these materials, testing in combustion environments is a critical step prior to engine testing. In this work, we detail the design and the fabrication of a materials test sector in a flame tube combustor facility. The facility simulates a combustion environment similar to that experienced by components in gas turbine engines. The flow regime is characterized by a combination of high-temperature, high-heat flux, and high-velocity that components experience in gas turbine engines. Exposure of components in this facility allows for the study of combined environmental effects and the impact on both coating and substrate durability. The test facility may operate across a wide range of pressures from 275 to 400 psig (1896–2758 kPa) and an air flowrate of 5 lb/s (2.27 kg/s). While combustion gas temperature is expected in excess of 3000 °F (1649 °C), 900 °F (482 °C) cooling air may be supplied to the backside of components or test articles. The flame tube combustor was previously used to evaluate fuel injectors and combustion products, and the new test configuration will also allow for materials exposure to complex, engine-like conditions. The interior of the test section was additively manufactured from GRCop-84 and cryogenically fit and brazed to a stainless-steel 304 housing. The use of a copper liner minimizes welds and, with active cooling, is expected to provide better durability over traditional hardware using stainless-steel or Inconel with a ceramic liner. The test section has two opposing 9.5 in × 3.125 in (241 mm × 80 mm) removable windows that can accommodate articles up to 3.5 in (89 mm) tall. This modular design allows for custom platforms to hold coupons, panels, or airfoil shapes to be tested with minimal re-engineering or fabrication. The bolted joint and sealing remains consistent, so any new testing only needs to work within the existing design footprint. This paper will provide an overview of the facility capabilities, design considerations, as well as thermal and structural analysis of the hardware. Future testing of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) airfoils and advanced environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) will also be discussed.
Development of an Additively Manufactured Stationary Diffusion System for a Research Aeroengine Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Clement Jack T. , Coon Adam T. , Key Nicole L.
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the next generation of the Centrifugal Stage for Aerodynamic Research (CSTAR) facility at the Purdue University Compressor Research Lab. The research centrifugal compressor is designed with an additively manufactured stationary diffusion system which comprises a vaned diffuser, a turn-to-axial bend, and deswirler vanes. The dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the diffusion system has allowed for rapid prototyping of several iterative diffusion system designs and has allowed for configuration of in situ pressure and temperature measurements to experimentally evaluate the aerodynamics and performance of centrifugal compressor diffusion systems. The diffusion system is manufactured from a commercially available stereolithography (SLA) resin, and the design of the parts is adapted to the constraints imposed by current technological and material limits of resin 3D printing. The implementation of additive manufacturing in the prototyping of the diffusion system has allowed for decreased cost and lead time while allowing rapid turnaround to generate experimental data. Performance data have verified the repeatability and temperature independence of the additively manufactured diffusion system through several design iterations. A survey of candidate materials for additively manufacturing these parts is also presented, and the tradeoffs of their material properties are discussed.
A case of scapular metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Chengfang , Wang Shuang , Shi Na , Li Li , Piao Yilan
Published: September 2024

.
Decomposition-assisted analysis of transmission in periodic resonator arrays using mode-matching method
Authors: Shen Chao , Huang Lixi , Liu Yu
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on analysing acoustic structures containing locally reacting resonators, aiming to establish a framework for discussing sound properties related to scattering and transmission in a periodic resonator array. The paper introduces an analytical model for the input surface impedance of non-uniform resonator arrays, which is a challenging task when addressing sound propagation to the opposite side of the array. To address this challenge, a mode-matching method is employed within a one-dimensional periodic structure combined with the decomposition of the initial mirror-symmetric system into symmetric and antisymmetric sub-systems. This procedure leads to simplified analytical solutions of transmission problems about non-uniform resonator arrays, and its accuracy is verified through numerical simulations. The proposed method provides insights into mode shapes and amplitudes, thereby complementing numerical simulations and enabling a comprehensive understanding of sound fields beyond conventional results such as pressure fields and sound absorption coefficients alone. The model of a periodic varying-height resonator array presented herein involves developing mathematical equations or simulations to capture the physical characteristics and interactions of the resonators. This approach empowers researchers to predict and comprehend the non-uniform array's transmission behaviour and performance characteristics, with diverse applications spanning various systems, including electromagnetic devices.
Sense of control and noise sensitivity affect frustration from interfering noise
Authors: Francis Alexander L. , Chen Yujie , Medina Lopez Paola , Clougherty Jane E.
Published: September 2024

In order to develop effective strategies to address noise annoyance, it is essential to develop an explanatory model of the psychological mechanism(s) by which noise becomes annoying. Two online studies were conducted in which a total of 193 participants completed speech perception tasks with varying degrees of background noise. Signal-to-noise ratio levels ranged from −2 to −10 dB. The crucial manipulation in both experiments concerned participants' sense of control over the noise level in the task. Dependent measures were task performance, a self-reported measure of frustration with the task, and self-reported sensitivity (trait) to noise. Results showed small but significant effects of noise sensitivity and sense of control on subjective frustration. In both experiments, more noise-sensitive individuals expressed greater frustration than did those reporting less noise sensitivity. In addition, in experiment 2 there was a significant interaction between sense of control and noise level. Listeners under the higher noise-level conditions expressed relatively similar degrees of frustration irrespective of their sense of control, while those under the lower noise-level condition showed lower frustration with greater sense of control. Results support Stallen's [(1999). Noise Health 1(3), 69–79] theoretical framework of noise annoyance, but also suggest the need for further research under more ecologically plausible conditions.
Genome sequences of six lactic acid bacteria from artisanal cheese reveal biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds
Authors: Gephart Gabriella J. , Abdelhamid Ahmed G. , Yousef Ahmed E.
Published: September 2024

Lactic acid bacteria are valuable in the production of fermented foods and as sources of antimicrobial peptides (e.g., bacteriocins). The genomes of six lactic acid bacteria, isolated from artisanal cheeses, having biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds are reported. The six strains belong to the genera
Lacticaseibacillus
,
Lactococcus
,
Leuconostoc
, and
Enterococcus
.
Two cases of intrathoracic herniation of the gastric tube from the retrosternal route requiring reoperation after oesophagectomy
Authors: Kobayashi Naoki , Nasu Motomi , Hashimoto Takashi , Mine Shinji
Published: September 2024

Intrathoracic herniation of the gastric tube pulled up through the retrosternal route after oesophagectomy is relatively rare and usually can be managed by conservative treatment.

We present two patients who needed reoperation for intrathoracic herniation of gastric tube after minimally invasive oesophagectomy for thoracic oesophageal cancer. Postoperatively, both patients showed herniation and acute twist of the gastric tube. Due to the twist of the gastric tube, one patient had ischaemic change of the proximal tip of the gastric tube, and the other patient showed delayed gastric emptying, both of which led to surgical repairs. In this case report, we discuss why the herniation of gastric tube from the retrosternal route occurs, how to decide to do reoperation and how to prevent this complication.
Association between maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in offspring: population based cohort study with sibling matched analysis
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C J , Drover Samantha S M , Fell Deshayne B , Austin Peter C , D'Souza Rohan , Guttmann Astrid , Buchan Sarah A , Wilson Sarah E , Nasreen Sharifa , Brown Kevin A , Schwartz Kevin L , Tadrous Mina , Wilson Kumanan , Kwong Jeffrey C
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine the association between maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of major congenital anomalies in offspring.

Design

Population based cohort study with sibling matched analysis.

Setting

Multiple health administrative databases, linked and analysed at ICES, an independent, non-profit research institute that collects and analyses healthcare and demographic data, Ontario, Canada, from 16 October 2021 to 1 May 2023.

Population

174 296 singleton live births >20 weeks' gestation with an expected birth date between 16 October 2021 and 1 May 2023: 34 181 (20%) born to mothers who received one or two doses of an mRNA covid-19 vaccine in the first trimester and 34 951 (20%) born to mothers who did not receive a vaccine before or during pregnancy. The sibling matched analysis included 13 312 infants exposed to a covid-19 vaccine in the first trimester and 15 089 matched older siblings with the same mother, with an expected birth date after 16 October 2016 and no reported in utero exposure to a covid-19 vaccine.

Main outcome measures

Major congenital anomalies, overall and grouped by specific organ systems, diagnosed within 28 days of birth.

Results

Major congenital anomalies were present in 832 (24.3 per 1000 live births) infants exposed to an mRNA covid-19 vaccine in the first trimester compared with 927 (26.5 per 1000 live births) infants not exposed to a vaccine, resulting in an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 1.01). Major congenital anomalies were present in 283 (21.3 per 1000 live births) and 343 (22.7 per 1000 live births) infants exposed to an mRNA covid-19 vaccine in the first trimester and their older siblings not exposed to a vaccine, respectively (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.07). First trimester vaccination was not associated with an increase in major congenital anomalies grouped by specific organ system in the primary or sibling matched analyses. Results were similar across a range of subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

In this large population based cohort study and sibling matched analysis, mRNA covid-19 vaccination during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with an increase in major congenital anomalies in offspring, overall or grouped by organ system.
Health-seeking behaviours of the families with older adults during the COVID-19 epidemic in rural China: a qualitative inquiry from the perspective of migration and social support networks
Authors: Yang Huiyu , Ouyang Zixi , Sun Fei , Velez Ortiz Daniel
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Health behaviours during a public health crisis for families with vulnerable ageing relatives are worth studying. After the Chinese government’s zero-tolerance policy on COVID-19 ended at the close of 2022, a significant surge in COVID-19 cases was observed among the Chinese population. This surge exposed a notable disparity in medical resources between urban and rural areas in China, with rural regions experiencing a pronounced lag in healthcare infrastructure. Amidst this backdrop, the health-seeking behaviour for rural older adults during the COVID-19 epidemic emerged as a critical subject for investigation. Chinese society heavily relies on interpersonal relationships. As such, access to medical resources for the older adults depends on their family members. How family members access higher-quality medical resources is a subject worthy of research. This study will explore the health-seeking behaviour for rural older Chinese from the perspective of migration and social support network in COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods

This study used qualitative methods and conducted interviews with 20 rural Chinese families where older relatives resided. The interviewees primarily consisted of adult children of older adults, alongside two grandchildren and two older adults themselves. After interviews, thematic analysis method was used to analyse the collected data and extracted three themes based on the questions raised.

Results

The study found that older adults had to leverage their extended family network to access urban medical facilities and resources to prevent and manage COVID-19 infections. The study also highlighted the significant influence of structural and cultural factors on the social support networks within rural families.

Conclusion

Families with older adults used their social support network to access better medical resources. The social support networks of families with older adults are also influenced by other structural and cultural factors. The health-seeking behaviour of families with older adults relies on private relationship resources, which make necessary task to build public health resources in rural China.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced gastrointestinal injury: prevalence of cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , LaBoy Carissa , De Hoyos Sergei Xavier , Hu Jingjing , Pezhouh Maryam
Published: September 2024

Aims

Widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treatment of advanced malignancies led to an increase in number of immune-related adverse events such as ICI gastrointestinal (GI) injury (ICIGI). The resulting immune dysregulation of the GI mucosa is believed to predispose patients to viral infections. We characterised the histopathological features of ICIGI and the frequency of viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Methods

Single-centre retrospective study (2011–2020).

Results

81 GI biopsies from 31 patients with ICIGI (65% male (20/31), 35% female (11/31)) with advanced malignancies were reviewed. Most patients received ipilimumab and nivolumab (14/31, 45%), followed by pembrolizumab (9/31, 29%), ipilimumab (4/31, 13%), nivolumab (2/31, 6%) and combination of all three medications (2/31, 6%). Average regimen prior to incidence of diarrhea was three cycles. Evidence of colitis or erythema by endoscopy was present in 77% of cases, while 23% showed normal endoscopy. Histologically, the predominant ICIGI findings were active inflammation (84%), including cryptitis (77%), crypt abscesses (65%), lymphocytic colitis-like (LCL) pattern (61%), increase in epithelial apoptosis (74%) and/or surface injury (81%). Only one case showed diffuse CMV positivity (3%) with characteristic CMV viral cytopathic effects present on H&E stain and four cases were positive for rare EBV (13%). Adenovirus infection was not identified.

Conclusion

While our cohort is small, ICIGI generally demonstrates active inflammation including cryptitis and crypt abscesses in the colon, LCL pattern, and an increase in epithelial apoptosis. Upfront immunohistochemistry for viral infection without high-degree of clinical and histologic suspicion is not recommended.
Predictors of spontaneous pregnancy loss in single ventricle physiology
Authors: Wazni Yasmine , Sefton Christopher , Sharew Betemariam , Ghandakly Elizabeth , Blazevic Patricia , Mehra Nandini , Lappen Justin R , Dolin Cara D , Kern-Goldberger Adina , Bacak Stephen , Fuchs Margaret , Zahka Kenneth , McKenney Amy , Tereshchenko Larisa G , Singh Katherine , Aziz Peter F , Ghobrial Joanna
Published: September 2024

Background

Pregnant patients with single ventricle (SV) physiology carry a high risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL), yet the clinical factors contributing to this risk are not well defined.

Methods

Single-centre retrospective study of pregnant patients with SV physiology seen in cardio-obstetrics clinic over the past 20 years with chart review of their obstetric history. Patients without a known pregnancy outcome were excluded. Univariable Bayesian panel-data random effects logit was used to model the risk of SPL.

Results

The study included 20 patients with 44 pregnancies, 20 live births, 21 SPL and 3 elective abortions. All had Fontan palliation except for two with Waterston and Glenn shunts. 10 (50%) had a single right ventricle (RV). 14 (70%) had moderate or severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR). Atrial arrhythmias were present in 16 (80%), Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) in 15 (75%) and FALD stage 4 in 9 (45%). 12 (60%) were on anticoagulation. Average first-trimester oxygen saturation was 93.8% for live births and 90.8% for SPL. The following factors were associated with higher odds of SPL: RV morphology (OR 1.72 (95% credible interval (CrI) 1.0008–2.70)), moderate or severe AVVR (OR 1.64 (95% CrI 1.003–2.71)) and reduced first-trimester oxygen saturation (OR 1.83 (95% CrI 1.03–2.71) for each per cent decrease in O2 saturation.

Conclusion

Pregnant patients with SV physiology, particularly those with RV morphology, moderate or severe AVVR, and lower first-trimester oxygen saturations, have a higher risk of SPL. Identifying these clinical risk factors can guide preconception counselling by the cardio-obstetrics team.
Carroll geodesics
Authors: Ciambelli Luca , Grumiller Daniel
Published: September 2024

Using effective field theory methods, we derive the Carrollian analog of the geodesic action. We find that it contains both “electric” and “magnetic” contributions that are in general coupled to each other. The equations of motion descending from this action are the Carrollian pendant of geodesics, allowing surprisingly rich dynamics. As an example, we derive Carrollian geodesics on a Carroll–Schwarzschild background and discover an effective potential similar to the one appearing in geodesics on Schwarzschild backgrounds. However, the Newton term in the potential turns out to depend on the Carroll particle’s energy. As a consequence, there is only one circular orbit localized at the Carroll extremal surface, and this orbit is unstable. For large impact parameters, the deflection angle is half the value of the general relativistic light-bending result. For impact parameters slightly bigger than the Schwarzschild radius, orbits wind around the Carroll extremal surface. For small impact parameters, geodesics get reflected by the Carroll black hole, which acts as a perfect mirror.
Time evolution of the Von Neumann entropy for a Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole
Authors: Arévalo Vicente A. , Andrade David , Rojas Clara
Published: September 2024

In this work, we study the evolution of an evaporating black hole, described by the Kerr–Taub–NUT metric, which emits scalar particles. We found that allowing the black hole to radiate massless scalar particles increases the angular momentum loss rate while decreasing the loss rate of the NUT parameter and black hole mass. In fact, it means that angular momentum will disappear faster than the other black hole parameters (mass and NUT parameter) during the evaporation process. We also calculate the time evolution of the mass, angular momentum, and NUT parameter in order to get the evolution of the Von Neumann entropy of the black hole. We found that the entropy follows approximately the so-called Page curve, where the $$\beta $$
β
parameter, which quantifies the amount of radiation, affects the evaporation process. Implying that high $$\beta $$
β
values accelerate the evaporation process of a Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole.
Detection of gamma-ray burst Amati relation based on Hubble data set and Pantheon+ samples
Authors: Han Yufen , Gao Jiaze , Liu Gang , Xu Lixin
Published: September 2024

Using gamma-ray bursts as standard candles for cosmological parameter constraints rely on their empirical luminosity relations and low-redshift calibration. In this paper, we examine the Amati relation and its potential corrections based on the A118 sample of higher-quality gamma-ray bursts, using both Hubble data set and Pantheon+ samples as calibration samples in the redshift range of $$z<1.965$$

z
<
1.965

. In calibrating gamma-ray bursts using these two datasets, we employ Gaussian processes to obtain corresponding Hubble diagrams to avoid the dependence on cosmological models in the calibration process. We first divided the low-redshift sample of GRBs into two bins and examined the Amati relation and its potential modifications. We found that under both calibrations, the Amati relation did not show evidence of redshift evolution (68$$\%$$
%
confidence level). For the other two Amati relations that include redshift evolution terms, the central values of the redshift evolution coefficients deviated from 0, but due to the limitations of the sample size and the increase in the number of parameters, most of the redshift evolution coefficients were not able to be excluded from 0 at the 1$$\sigma $$
σ
level. Therefore, to assess their situation across the entire redshift range, we employed MCMC to globally fit three types of Amati relations. By computing AIC and BIC, we found that for the GRB A118 sample, the standard Amati relation remains the most fitting empirical luminosity formula, and no potential redshift evolution trend was observed for two different low-redshift calibrating sources.
The design of LLRF system for STCF storage ring
Authors: Xiong Ziyu , Wang Shengyuan , Liang Yu , Wang Lin , Xie Chunjie , Zhou Zeran , Luo Qing
Published: September 2024

The Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF) is a new generation of high brightness electron–positron collider planned by China, designed to achieve a center of mass collision energy is 2–7[Formula: see text]GeV and a peak brightness is 0.5–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. The digital low-level RF control system (LLRF), as the essential equipment of the storage ring RF system, is usually responsible for maintaining the stability of the cavity field. This paper presents the design scheme of LLRF for cavity in STCF storage ring, which mainly includes the hardware structure and software design of the system. We perform simulation analysis on the STCF RF system to evaluate the influence of delay and control parameters on the stability of the system and the influence of control parameters on the suppression of two kinds of noise. Desktop testing on the existing prototype demonstrates that the adopted direct-sampling architecture introduces less phase drift compared to the down-conversion architecture. Under the direct-sampling architecture, non-IQ demodulation offers better SNR and stability in both amplitude and phase. Specifically, direct-sampling in non-IQ mode achieves open-loop RMS short-term stability of 0.019% for amplitude and 0.021∘ for phase. Long-term stability in the closed-loop setting measures 0.027% for amplitude and 0.024∘ for phase.
A methodology for deciding on well seal options for abandonment
Authors: Zagorscak Renato , Metcalfe Richard , Robson Thomas G. , Wilson Jennifer A.
Published: September 2024

The energy transition to achieve net zero anthropogenic CO
2
emissions will require permanently sealing and abandoning wells or boreholes drilled for many different purposes, including: underground CO
2
storage; hydrogen storage; geothermal energy extraction; site characterization for radioactive waste repositories; and hydrocarbon extraction. It is necessary to objectively decide what sealing materials, combination of materials and methods of emplacement are optimal for a given well sealing project, taking into account the properties of lithologies penetrated, the physical and geochemical conditions around the well, the geometry of the well, and characteristics of well engineering. A workflow that would allow for a structured approach to designing well seals during well decommissioning and a set of complementary tools that will enable an informed, structured, transparent and traceable process for designing a well decommissioning sealing solution for a particular well in a given geological environment is presented in this paper. The tools include: (1) a database of Features Events and Processes; (2) a decision tree for evaluating different well sealing options and for documenting the rationale for decisions; (3) an approach for comparing options using multiple decision trees; (4) and a suite of simplified numerical models to inform judgements.
Next-Gen Therapeutics: Pioneering Drug Discovery with iPSCs, Genomics, AI, and Clinical Trials in a Dish
Authors: Yildirim Zehra , Swanson Kyle , Wu Xuekun , Zou James , Wu Joseph
Published: September 2024

In the high-stakes arena of drug discovery, the journey from bench to bedside is hindered by a daunting 92% failure rate, primarily due to unpredicted toxicities and inadequate therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 heralds a transformative approach, advocating for the integration of alternative methods to conventional animal testing, including cell-based assays that employ human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, in conjunction with sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. Our review explores the innovative capacity of iPSC-derived clinical trial in a dish models designed for cardiovascular disease research. We also highlight how integrating iPSC technology with AI can accelerate the identification of viable therapeutic candidates, streamline drug screening, and pave the way toward more personalized medicine. Through this, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future implications of iPSC and AI applications being navigated by the research community and pharmaceutical industry.
Pathological Spontaneous Activity in Different Thoracic Paraspinal Muscles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ren Yuting , Chen Na , Zhang Kang , Chen Bin , Niu Songtao , Wang Xingao , Jian Fan , Zhang Zaiqiang , Pan Hua
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the clinical value of pathological spontaneous activity (PSA) in different thoracic paraspinal muscles (TPMs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: A total of 116 ALS patients were retrospectively analyzed over 31 ± 8 months concerning the occurrence of PSA in T9–T11 TPM. The occurrence of PSA was correlated with pulmonary function and clinical disability.

Results: The positive sharp wave (PSW) potentials were more frequently observed than fibrillation (fib) in T9–T11 segments. The PSA positive frequency of bulbar‐onset ALS (B‐ALS) is less than upper limb‐onset ALS (U‐ALS) and lower limb‐onset ALS (L‐ALS) at the levels of T10 and T11 TPM (p = 0.050, p = 0.001). The fibs/PSWs in TPM indicated high sensitivity and negative predictive value for forced vital capacity (FVC) < 80%. Linear correlation analysis indicated that PSA of TPM was associated with pulmonary ventilation function (PVF). Associations also exist between clinical parameters and PVF as well as the disease severity.

Conclusions: The occurrence of T9‐TPM fibs/PSWs was correlated with clinical disability and is extremely helpful in implying an involvement of PVF. The T9‐TPM typically provided a good practical indicator for comprehensive disease evaluation, which was irrelevant to the site of onset.
Figure S8 from Scribble Deficiency Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development and Metastasis
Authors: Bermejo-Rodriguez Camino , Araos Henríquez Joaquín , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Pinto Teles Sara , Park Youngkyu , Evans Anthony , Barrera Lawrence N. , Neesse Albrecht , Grützmann Robert , Aust Daniela , Rümmele Petra , Knösel Thomas , Narita Masako , Narita Masashi , Campbell Fiona , Öhlund Daniel , Pilarsky Christian , Dow Lukas E. , Humbert Patrick O. , Biffi Giulia , Tuveson David A. , Perez-Mancera Pedro A.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 8
Figure S1 from IDH1 Inhibition Potentiates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zarei Mehrdad , Hajihassani Omid , Hue Jonathan J. , Loftus Alexander W. , Graor Hallie J. , Nakazzi Faith , Naji Parnian , Boutros Christina S. , Uppin Vinayak , Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Shalaby Akram S. , Asara John M. , Rothermel Luke D. , Brody Jonathan R. , Winter Jordan M.
Published: September 2024

Figure S1
Dataset2 from IDH1 Inhibition Potentiates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zarei Mehrdad , Hajihassani Omid , Hue Jonathan J. , Loftus Alexander W. , Graor Hallie J. , Nakazzi Faith , Naji Parnian , Boutros Christina S. , Uppin Vinayak , Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Shalaby Akram S. , Asara John M. , Rothermel Luke D. , Brody Jonathan R. , Winter Jordan M.
Published: September 2024

Dataset2
Dataset1 from IDH1 Inhibition Potentiates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zarei Mehrdad , Hajihassani Omid , Hue Jonathan J. , Loftus Alexander W. , Graor Hallie J. , Nakazzi Faith , Naji Parnian , Boutros Christina S. , Uppin Vinayak , Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Shalaby Akram S. , Asara John M. , Rothermel Luke D. , Brody Jonathan R. , Winter Jordan M.
Published: September 2024

Dataset1
Figure S1 from Scribble Deficiency Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development and Metastasis
Authors: Bermejo-Rodriguez Camino , Araos Henríquez Joaquín , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Pinto Teles Sara , Park Youngkyu , Evans Anthony , Barrera Lawrence N. , Neesse Albrecht , Grützmann Robert , Aust Daniela , Rümmele Petra , Knösel Thomas , Narita Masako , Narita Masashi , Campbell Fiona , Öhlund Daniel , Pilarsky Christian , Dow Lukas E. , Humbert Patrick O. , Biffi Giulia , Tuveson David A. , Perez-Mancera Pedro A.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary File 4 from Bayesian machine learning enables identification of transcriptional network disruptions associated with drug-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Blatti Charles , de la Fuente Jesús , Gao Huanyao , Marín-Goñi Irene , Chen Zikun , Zhao Sihai D. , Tan Winston , Weinshilboum Richard , Kalari Krishna R. , Wang Liewei , Hernaez Mikel
Published: September 2024

Excel file with regulon edges and ChIPseq enrichment scores for TraRe, GRNboost2 and ARACNE-AP
Supplementary Table 3 from Spatial transcriptomics depict ligand-receptor crosstalk heterogeneity at the tumor-stroma interface in long-term ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Zhu Ying , Sheng Jianting , Burks Jared K. , Gomez Javier A. , Wong Kwong Kwok , Wong Stephen T. C. , Mok Samuel C.
Published: September 2024

scRNAseq differentially expressed genes
Supplementary Table S2 from G-quadruplex structures are key modulators of somatic structural variants in cancers
Authors: Zhang Rongxin , Shu Huiling , Wang Yuqi , Tao Tiantong , Tu Jing , Wang Cheng , Mergny Jean-Louis , Sun Xiao
Published: September 2024

Epigenetic data used in this study
Supplementary file 2: Supplementary Figures and Legends. from circFNDC3B accelerates vasculature formation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Chenxing , Zhang Hang , Li Yangjie , Hou Deqiang , Liu Dingshan , Xu Rongyao , Cheng Jie , Liu Lai-Kui , Fu Yu , Ye Jinhai , Jiang Hongbing
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figures and Legends.