bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. (Anguinata), from Ficus congesta (Moraceae) sycones in Australia
Authors: Ye Weimin , Davies Kerrie , Giblin-Davis Robin , Thomas Kelley
Published: February 2009

A new monotypic genus of tylenchid nematode, Ficotylus n. gen., was recovered from sycones of Ficus congesta L. from Mourilyan, Mission Beach and Cairns, Queensland, Australia. The genus is characterised by having slender nematodes with a long stylet, a sub-cylindrical pharynx lacking a terminal bulb, pharyngeal glands overlapping the intestine for a short distance, secretory/excretory pore opening posterior to the nerve ring, female with a single gonad and post-vulval sac and male with slender, arcuate, cephalated spicules with the bursa arising near the proximal level of the retracted spicule and supported by a pair of papilla-like structures at its widest point. This is the first record of a tylenchid occurring within Ficus sycones. Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. is distinguished by possessing a long stylet (29-39 μm) with conus forming ca 40% of stylet length and three well developed bifid knobs at the base of the shaft, a degenerate pharynx with a vestigial metacorpus (no valve) and no basal bulb, females with a post-vulval uterine sac and males with a characteristic bursa supported by a pair of papilla-like structures at its widest point, then narrowing rapidly and just enveloping tail. Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. is a putative member of the Anguinata (sensu Siddiqi, 1985), based on molecular phylogeny of near full length SSU and D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. Morphologically, it has affinities with the superfamily Sphaerularioidea, family Neotylenchidae, where it is tentatively placed.
Endophytic bacteria from Ethiopian coffee plants and their potential to antagonise Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Hallmann Johannes , Mekete Tesfamariam , Sikora Richard , Kiewnick Sebastian
Published: February 2009

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee roots in Ethiopia and identified by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester-Gas Chromatography (FAME-GC). A total of 201 and 114 endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The most abundant genera were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter. Population densities were higher during the wet season than the dry season ranging from 5.2 × 103 to 2.07 × 106 cfu (g fresh root weight)–1. Culture filtrates of the bacterial isolates showed nematicidal effects of between 38 and 98%. The most active strains were Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus pumilus, B. brevis, B. megaterium, B. mycoides, B. licheniformis, Chryseobacterium balustinum, Cedecea davisae, Cytophaga johnsonae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Micrococcus luteus, M. halobius, Pseudomonas syringae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Bacillus pumilus and B. mycoides were most effective in reducing the number of galls and egg masses caused by M. incognita by 33 and 39%, respectively.
Redescription of four species of North American Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) from Massey's type material
Authors: Center Barbara , Giblin-Davis Robin , Kanzaki Natsumi
Published: February 2009

The type specimens of four Bursaphelenchus species described by Massey, i.e., B. tritrunculus, B. willi, B. scolyti and B. maxbassiensis, were re-examined and photo-documented to update the descriptions in the light of a contemporary understanding of the genus. Detailed spicule morphology, lateral field (probably with two lines), hemizonid and a three-celled structure at the uterus-postuterine sac junction of females were observed for B. tritrunculus, all features not originally described. Based on spicule and vulval structure, B. tritrunculus is hypothesised to be related to the 'hunti' group of the genus. The type material of B. willi was in poor condition and several morphological features have been lost, although variation of excretory pore position and additional features of spicule morphology were observed and described. Bursaphelenchus willi is a morphologically atypical species within the genus. With only two pairs of male caudal papillae and an inconspicuous narrow 'bursa', it appears typologically similar to the Cryptaphelenchus lineage, although females have a functional rectum and anus. Re-isolation and molecular characterisation are needed to help define the precise status of this species. The spicule morphology of B. scolyti was different from the original description, the species being similar to several European species. Bursaphelenchus scolyti shares several morphological and biological characters with B. xerokarterus, i.e., spicule and female tail morphology and host (vector) insect. Re-isolation of B. xerokarterus and comparisons between it and B. scolyti are necessary to assess possible conspecificity. Three females and several juveniles of B. maxbassiensis were available for examination. It has unusual lip and stylet morphology and an anteriorly located excretory pore. The inconspicuous rectum and anus are similar to some other genera of aphelench. The precise phylogenetic position of B. maxbassiensis was not confirmed, partly because male specimens were not available. Re-isolation and wider comparisons involving molecular phylogenetic inferences, i.e., with other aphelench genera, are necessary.
The Relationship of Transient Upper-Level Troughs to Variability of the North American Monsoon System
Authors: Bieda Stephen W. , Castro Christopher L. , Mullen Steven L. , Comrie Andrew C. , Pytlak Erik
Published: February 2009

Relationships between transient upper-tropospheric troughs and warm season convective activity over the southwest United States and northern Mexico are explored. Analysis of geopotential height and vorticity fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis and cloud-to-ground lightning data indicates that the passage of mobile inverted troughs (IVs) significantly enhances convection when it coincides with the peak diurnal cycle (1800–0900 UTC) over the North American monsoon (NAM) region. The preferred tracks of IVs during early summer are related to the dominant modes of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. When La Niña–like (El Niño–like) conditions prevail in the tropical Pacific and the eastern North Pacific has a horseshoe-shaped negative (positive) SST anomaly, IVs preferentially track farther north (south) and are slightly (typically one IV) more (less) numerous. These results point to the important role that synoptic-scale disturbances play in modulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the NAM region and the significant impact that the statistically supported low-frequency Pacific SST anomalies exert on the occurrence and track of these synoptic transients.
Climate Impacts of the Southern Annular Mode Simulated by the CMIP3 Models
Authors: Karpechko Alexey Yu , Gillett Nathan P. , Marshall Gareth J. , Screen James A.
Published: February 2009

The southern annular mode (SAM) has a well-established impact on climate in the Southern Hemisphere. The strongest response in surface air temperature (SAT) is observed in the Antarctic, but the SAM’s area of influence extends much farther, with statistically significant effects on temperature and precipitation being detected as far north as 20°S. Here the authors quantify the ability of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3) coupled climate models to simulate the observed SAT, total precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea ice concentration responses to the SAM. The models are able to simulate the spatial pattern of response in SAT reasonably well; however, all models underestimate the magnitude of the response over Antarctica, both at the surface and in the free troposphere. This underestimation of the temperature response has implications for prediction of the future temperature changes associated with expected changes in the SAM. The models possess reasonable skill in simulating patterns of precipitation and SST response; however, some considerable regional deviations exist. The simulated precipitation and SST responses are less constrained by the observations than the SAT response, particularly in magnitude, as significant discrepancies are detected between the responses in the reference datasets. The largest problems are identified in simulating the sea ice response to the SAM, with some models even simulating a response that is negatively correlated with that observed.
Amplification of a Surface-Intensified Eddy Drift along a Steep Shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sutyrin Georgi , Stegner Alexander , Taupier-Letage Isabelle , Teinturier Samuel
Published: February 2009

The datasets of the Eddies and Gyre Path Tracking (EGYPT)/EGITTO program in the eastern Mediterranean Sea reveal a large mesoscale anticyclone traveling along the Libyan shelf. Surface drifter trajectories combined with a CTD transect accurately quantify the horizontal velocity and the vertical structure of this surface-intensified anticyclone. The observed westward drift speed is significantly higher than expected from the beta effect alone. To study the impact of a steep shelf topography on the propagation of compact surface-intensified vortices, the authors used a two-layer beta-plane model with steep continental slope and nearly zonal boundary. A perturbation theory derived by G. Sutyrin for a circular vortex in the upper layer with the lower layer at rest as a basic state is generalized for nonuniform slope in the presence of the image effect. An integral momentum balance is used to derive the drifting velocity of an upper-layer vortex with the main assumption that a stable and steady drifting solution of the two-layer system exists. The interface is described by a steady drifting circular dome at the leading order. This approach allows the problem to be reduced to the calculation of the deep-flow pattern, depending on the interface shape and topography. When the topographic slope beneath the eddy changes rapidly from a steep continental slope to a gentle continental rise, most of the deep-flow pattern is shifted offshore. The corresponding anticyclonic deep-flow feedback provides an additional along-slope propagation, which is proportional to the basic drift speed and the steepness parameter.
What Makes Young Adults Happy? Employment and Non-work as Determinants of Life Satisfaction
Authors: Khattab Nabil , Fenton Steve
Published: February 2009

Durkheim and subsequent commentators have argued for the`benign' influence of work and employment in modern life. Contemporary patterns of work and employment are thought to be fragmented and precarious and thus alienating and demoralizing — and this runs largely, but not wholly, counter to Durkheim's prognosis. If employment may be integrative or demoralizing, this raises the question of `are employment factors key determinants of life satisfaction?'We explore data on 1100 young adults to test the relationship between employment variables, non-employment variables and life satisfaction. Employment-related variables are significantly related to Life Satisfaction (LS) as are non-employment variables (social relations, home satisfaction). Crucially, the influence of all variables on LS is mediated by `sense of life control', and patterns for young men and women differ significantly, suggesting divergent valuation of work and home. Regression models uncover, with some precision, direct and indirect relationships between independent variables and Life Satisfaction.
Reworking Bourdieu's `Capital': Feminine and Female Capitals in the Field of Paid Caring Work
Authors: Huppatz Kate
Published: February 2009

Bourdieu overlooked the possibility of gendered capital. A number of feminists have taken issue with this and have claimed that uniquely feminine forms of capital exist.This article takes up this proposal and explores two forms of gendered capital — feminine capital and female capital. This article explores these forms of capital operating as cultural resources within the field of paid caring work. In the caring field `femininity' and `femaleness' appear to be resources women draw upon, but gendered currency operates within limits.This article examines women's perceptions of advantage arising from ownership of feminine dispositions or the experience of feminine selves; the gains that might be made from working with and for similar female others; and the parameters to female privilege. Building on feminist Bourdieusian scholarship, this article argues that Bourdieu's concept of capital is particularly useful for understanding contemporary gender practices and the relationship between gender and class.
A Hostile World for Nonhuman Animals: Human Identification and the Oppression of Nonhuman Animals for Human Good
Authors: Peggs Kay
Published: February 2009

In 2006 over three million experiments were performed on nonhuman animals. In making an argument against such experiments I contend that approval of nonhuman animal experimentation is rooted in acceptance of humans as having essential primacy over nonhuman animals and lies in the power relations associated with human primacy identity claims.To challenge essentialist notions of human identity and human primacy I utilize a performative conceptualization of identity. Discourses used by Pro-Test, a lobby group that promotes nonhuman animal experimentation, allows an exploration of justifications made for such experiments. In promoting these experiments Pro-Test is, I argue, engaging in a form of human primacy identity politics based in continued inequality and the sustained oppression of nonhuman animals. I conclude that discourses extolling scientific advancements for human benefits, made on the basis of experiments on nonhuman animals, reiterate an immoral human primacy identity that dissolutely exploits power relations to privilege the human.
The Talking Cure in Everyday Life: Gender, Generations and Friendship
Authors: McLeod Julie , Wright Katie
Published: February 2009

This article examines the insinuation of therapeutic culture into everyday life from the vantage point of a qualitative cross-generational study of economically marginalized young women and their mothers. Against dominant assessments of therapeutic culture — as representing cultural decline, social regulation or transformation — we draw on interview narratives to analyse its practical and situated effects. We argue that desires for disclosure and open communication are not trivial or narcissistic and instead interpret them as productive emotional strategies for managing difficult circumstances, and for engendering a sense of competence and possibility.Thus a concern with`talkingthings through' is neither ineffectual nor adequately understood as a manifestation of an ahistorical feminine alignment with emotions and interior life. While we do not dismiss regulatory aspects of therapeutic culture, our analysis offers an alternative and empirically based account of the ways cultural imperatives are enacted across generations.
Paternity Uncertainty and Evolutionary Psychology: How a Seemingly Capricious Occurrence Fails to Follow Laws of Greater Generality
Authors: Gilding Michael
Published: February 2009

Evolutionary psychologists aspire to show how —contrary to `soft' social sciences such as sociology — `seemingly capricious' occurrences in the realm of human behaviour follow biologistic `laws of greater generality' (Pinker, 2005: xii).This article is a case study of the `seemingly capricious occurrence' of paternity uncertainty. According to evolutionary psychologists, paternity uncertainty arises from the fact that men are `hard wired' to seek as many sexual partners as they can, and women to seek men of superior genetic quality. This account is said to be demonstrable through independent biological evidence of widespread discrepancy between putative and actual biological paternity in human populations.Yet close scrutiny of biological evidence and new evidence from representative sex surveys indicate that evolutionary psychologists consistently inflate estimates of paternal discrepancy. Evolutionary psychologists' account of paternity uncertainty highlights their overattachment to biologistic laws at the expense of understanding the social dimensions of human behaviour.
Stirring Dangerous Waters: Dilemmas for Critical Participatory Research with Young People
Authors: Dentith Audrey M. , Measor Lynda , O'Malley Michael P.
Published: February 2009

This article explores dilemmas of critical, participatory research with young people, illustrating examples from research in the UK and the US and highlighting issues of access, participation, dissemination and the misuse of findings.The authors stress the need for new field strategies including more participatory approaches and attention to transgression of power through research.
Modernist Melancholy
Authors: Rothman Roger
Published: February 2009

The binary opposition that is said to hold between an enthusiastic, future-oriented avant-garde and a melancholic, past-oriented traditionalism deserves to be re-examined. This essay aims to complicate this binarism by highlighting a moment within the history of modernism when an enthusiasm regarding the future fused with a melancholy regarding the past. Both Guillaume Apollinaire and Francis Picabia were deeply committed to the avant-garde discourse of the new, yet a number of their works in the years after 1912 harbour an ambivalence that compels us to rethink the simple divide between modernism and anti-modernism and suggest that some of the central figures of modernism were simultaneously bound to the sentiment of nostalgia.
L'Exposition Anticoloniale
Authors: Palermo Lynn E.
Published: February 2009

In response to the 1931 Paris Exposition Coloniale, André Thirion and Louis Aragon organised the Exposition Anti-impérialiste in an attempt to bring about collaboration between Communists and Surrealists on political activity under the auspices of the Communist Party. However, tensions arose immediately, often as personal spats. Thirion's section of the exhibition adhered to the didactic method favoured by the Party. In contrast, Aragon's section, ostensibly dealing with the cultural impact of colonialism, reveals a distinctly surrealist approach with its irreverent tone and rich ambiguity. In this paper, I argue that the conflict between Aragon and Thirion was rooted in their respective notions of revolution, and therefore politics, resulting in an Exposition Anti-impérialiste containing two fundamentally different (even opposing) protests to French colonialism. Aragon's section of the exposition also reveals his commitment to surrealist ideals, even as he was moving toward his break with André Breton.
The American Dream — or Nightmare
Authors: Flower John
Published: February 2009

The number of Americans in France — notably on former military bases and in areas of industrial investment and development — increased dramatically after 1945, and their values and influence gradually permeated all aspects of French life. Reactions from writers and intellectuals were varied. Some were positive; others, especially those clearly on or sympathetic to the Left, were not. But if America and things American were viewed by many with suspicion, disapproval and even distaste, there developed a growing acknowledgement that they had come to stay. This paper charts some of these reactions as they were expressed in essays, newspaper articles and imaginative writing during the two decades following the Liberation.
What Trauner Did Next
Authors: McCann Ben
Published: February 2009

Alexandre Trauner is remembered for his highly evocative `poetic realist' designs in films such as Le Quai des brumes (1938), Hôtel du Nord (1938), Le Jour se lève (1939) and Les Enfants du paradis (1945). His designs intertwined familiar iconography with stylistic accentuation so that the decor became the narrative's organising image. This article will concentrate on three of Trauner's American films: Othello (1952), Land of the Pharaohs (1955) and The Apartment (1960). It will identify the consonances between Trauner's work in 1930s France and 1950s America and argue that his design methodology seamlessly adapted to a different set of professional imperatives, which in turn allowed a fuller development of the `poetic realist' style. The `Trauner style' — cultivated in France and refined in America — revolves around three recurring aspects: visual symbolism, the interplay between monumental and intimate, and the decor paraphrasing the narrative.
Ideologies of English in Shakespeare's Henry V
Authors: Seargeant Philip
Published: February 2009

This article examines the way in which the English language is conceptualized in Shakespeare's Henry V, and the role this conceptualization plays in the portrayal of an emergent national identity. By analysing how both the theme of language and the stylistic manipulation of language are foregrounded to effect the dramatic representation of cultural identity, the article considers the extent to which the play engages with early ideologies of linguistic nationalism, while also exploiting wider language ideological beliefs in its construction of character and dramatic narrative.
Storytelling as interaction in The Homecoming
Authors: Bowles Hugo
Published: February 2009

This article describes and analyses storytelling episodes in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming using an interactional approach which focuses on the ways in which characters negotiate storytelling as speakers and listeners and the impact this negotiation has on the audience's interpretation of the play. Drawing on studies of conversational storytelling, the analysis shows how narrative control in The Homecoming reflects territorial control, as stories become the means by which characters battle for power within the discourse space. It also shows how characters construct their storytelling identities through the use of particular storytelling strategies and highlights the way in which Pinter uses a highly polarized storytelling style to produce particular dramatic effects.
Discourse, grammar, discourse
Authors: Ariel Mira
Published: February 2009

Discourse and grammar often complement each other, each imposing a different set of constraints on speakers' utterances. Discourse constraints are global, pertaining to text coherence, and/or to interpersonal relations. Grammatical constraints are local, pertaining to possible versus impossible structures (within specific languages). Yet, the two must meet in natural discourse. At every point during interaction speakers must simultaneously satisfy both types of constraints in order to communicate properly. It is also during conversational interaction that language change somehow takes place. This overview first explains and exemplifies how discourse constraints guide addressees in selecting specific grammatical forms at different points in the interaction (discourse `selecting' from grammar). It then examines the relationship between discourse and grammar from a grammaticization point of view, demonstrating how a subset of discourse patterns (may) turn grammatical (grammar `selecting' from discourse). The central theme is then that discourse depends on grammar, which in turn depends on discourse.
Discourse construction of social power: interpersonal rhetoric in editorials of the China Daily
Authors: Liu Lihua
Published: February 2009

Based on systemic functional linguistics, and especially newly developed appraisal theory, this study uses editorials from the China Daily to investigate patterns of interpersonal rhetoric devised to construct and shape public opinion. Attitudinal lexis and modal expressions are examined separately with the object of discovering how editorials communicate their evaluation of their subject matter. This article contends that the author of an editorial is more likely to be explicit in evaluating events and implicit in evaluating behaviour and that he/she seldom attributes attitudes to other sources. Modality occurs frequently in editorial discourse. Modal expressions of certainty, necessity and obligation (as realized by will, should, need to, have to, must) are particularly common and indicate the authority and power nature of the discourse. Modal expressions of obligation/necessity normally occur at the end of the text in order to make the most powerful possible appeal to the reader.
Electronic bumper stickers: the content and interpersonal functions of messages attached to e-mail signatures
Authors: Rains Stephen A. , Tumlin Geoffrey R. , Knapp Mark L.
Published: February 2009

The two-phase study reported here examined the content and communication function served by electronic bumper stickers (EBSs). EBSs consist of the sayings that are included in an e-mail signature file following personal identifiers such as one's name, phone number, and postal address. In the first phase, 334 EBSs were gathered and content analyzed into one of five message categories. In order of frequency (greatest to smallest frequency) they were: wisdom, humor, advice, religious, and socio-political commentary. In the second phase, open-ended responses from 134 EBS users were coded into one of six motives for interpersonal communication (Rubin et al., 1988). The relationship between one's motive for using an EBS and the content of one's EBS was not statistically significant. The implications of EBSs and e-mail use for mediated communication competence are considered.
The utility of image descriptions in the initial stages of vision: A case study of printed text
Authors: Watt Roger J. , Dakin Steven C.
Published: February 2009

Vision research has made very substantial progress towards understanding how we see. It is one area of psychology where the three‐way thrust of behavioural measurements (psychophysics), brain imaging, and computational studies have been combined quite routinely for some years. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a relatively unusual form of computational modelling that we characterise as involving image descriptions. Image descriptions are statements about structures in images and relationships between structures. Most modelling in vision is either conceived in fairly abstract terms, or is done at the level of images. Neither is entirely satisfactory, and image descriptions are a simple formulation of age‐old ideas about a Vocabulary of image features that are detected and parameterized from actual digital images.

For our example, we use the domain of the visual perception of printed text. This is an area that has been characterized by thorough, robust psychophysical experiments. The fundamental requirements of visual processing in this domain are: grouping of some parts if the image into words; at the same time segmenting words from each other. We show how these are readily understood in terms of our model of image descriptions, and show quantitatively that typographical practice, refined over centuries, is about optimum for the visual system at least as represented by our model. In addition, we show that the same notion of image descriptions could, in principle, support word recognition in certain circumstances.
To be or not to be: The impact of implicit versus explicit inappropriate social categorizations on the self
Authors: Barreto Manuela , Ellemers Naomi , Scholten Wieke , Smith Heather
Published: February 2009

This paper investigates how targets respond to treatment that is explicitly or implicitly based on a contextually inappropriate social categorization. In three different experimental studies, a team member appeared to use participants' gender and not participants' personal preference to assign a proofreading task. Targets reported more negative self‐evaluations in response to implicit categorical treatment in comparison to explicit categorical treatment. In contrast, explicit categorical treatment increased target's resistance to the treatment received. The pattern of results across the three studies shows that treatment based on a contextually inappropriate category is problematic even when the categorization is ambiguous or associated with attractive and positive outcomes.
Origen's Platonism. Questions and Caveats
Authors: Edwards Mark
Published: February 2009

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Auffassung in Frage, wonach Theologie und Philosophie des Origenes als wesentlich platonisch, Origenes selbst als Platoniker bezeichnet werden kann. Entgegen dieser weit verbreiteten Einschätzung wird darauf hingewiesen, daß der Begriff „Abhängigkeit“ zur Beschreibung des Verhältnisses der Theologie des Origenes und platonischer Philosophie ungeeignet ist, da Origenes selbst seine Bezugnahmen auf die Philosophie nie als bloße Gefolgschaft versteht. In der Bezugnahme frühchristlicher Theologie auf die zeitgenössische pagane Philosophie können insgesamt sieben Formen unterschieden werden, wobei die katalytische und die dialektische Form der Bezugnahme im Werk des Origenes von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Ihr Zusammenlaufen kann aufgezeigt werden an seiner Lehre von der Präexistenz der Seelen, die sich durch einen Blick auf jüdische Quellen zusätzlich erhellt.
The concept of νoῦς in the “Sethian Platonizing Treatises” of Nag Hammadi
Authors: Brankaer Johanna
Published: February 2009

Der Aufsatz analysiert die Belege für Vorgänge des Denkens in den sog. „sethianisch-platonisierenden“ Traktaten von Nag Hammadi. Der erste Teil untersucht die Rolle des νoῦς in der göttlichen Hierarchie. Wie in vielen anderen gnostischen Texten, kann der gesamte Äon der Barbelo als ein denkender Äon charakterisiert werden, was in gewisser Weise das Denken des ersten Prinzips betrifft. In den analysierten Texten wird häufig der mittlere Sub-Äon der Barbelo, Protophanes, mit dem νoῦς identifiziert. Während die Identifikation von Protophanes und νoῦς relativ stabil ist, scheint die Verbindung mit anderen Leveln, z.B. der Barbelo oder dem ersten Prinzip, in deutlich weniger konsistenter Weise gegeben zu sein. In einem zweiten Teil werden die Belege für die sogenannten denkenden Triaden untersucht. Hier erscheinen, grob gesagt, zwei Formen: Sein – Denken – Leben und Sein – Leben – Denken. Die erste Triade entspricht der „mythologischen“ Triade der Sub-Äonen der Barbelo, d.h. Kalyptos, Protophanes und Autogenes. Die andere Triade taucht in eher abstrakten Kontexten auf, durchaus aber in denselben Texten wie die erste Form. Dabei ist allerdings νoῦς oft durch andere Begriffe ersetzt, etwa Seligkeit oder Erkenntnis. Anschließend wird der Gebrauch des Begriffes im anthropologischen Kontext sowie in dualistischen Gegenüberstellungen untersucht. Noῦς meint dabei nicht nur eine hypostasierte Wirklichkeit, sondern auch eine menschliche Fähigkeit. Die Relationen zwischen diesen verschiedenen Ebenen bleiben jedoch unklar. Insgesamt zeigt der Gebrauch von Vokabeln des Denkens ein gewisses Interesse der gnostischen Autoren für Philosophie, aber nicht in einer Form, deretwegen man annehmen müßte, daß die Texte aus einer spezifischen und fachlich hoch entwickelten Auseinandersetzung zwischen Gnosis und platonischer Philosophie hervorgegangen sind.
Longins Ideen bei Syrian oder: Vom Denken zur Sprache
Authors: Männlein-Robert Irmgard
Published: February 2009

For most of the Neoplatonic philosophers the earlier Platonist philosopher Longinus was a favourite example for an oldfashioned interpretation of the ideas of Plato. Although Longinus's theories about the localization of the ideas (outside the Noῦς) gave many reasons for important discussions, e.g. in Plotinus's school in Rome, later on he was criticized for sympathizing too much with stoic theories and therefore for not being an orthodox Platonist. In this paper the fragments and testimonies about Longinus's theories on ideas are put into a philosophical context and are interpreted together with some of his more philological texts, in which he uses the same ontological premises and patterns. Here it can be seen that the philologist Longinus always gives a literal explanation, sometimes using not-Platonic terminology, to make complex philosophical texts easier to understand.
The reception of the Parmenides before Proclus
Authors: Brisson Luc
Published: February 2009

Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel zu zeigen, daß zu Beginn des 3. Jahrhunderts n.Chr. die ontologische Interpretation des Parmenides Platons weit verbreitet war, wonach das Eine aus der ersten Hypothese eine bloße Bezeichnung darstellt. Einige Interpreten haben diese Deutung in Frage gestellt und haben die erste Hypothese des Parmenides so verstanden, daß das Eine außerhalb des Seienden stehe. Nachdem zunächst Plotin diese Auffassung aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt hatte, wird sie später zum Gemeingut der neuplatonischen Philosophie bis auf Proclus und Damascius. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Artikel den zweiten Teil des platonischen Parmenides in der Interpretation von Longin und Origenes, dem Platoniker, die ebenso wie Plotin die Schule des Ammonius Saccas in Alexandria besuchten.
Oὐσíα and ὑπóσταıς in the Trinitarian Theology of the Cappadocian Fathers: Basil and Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Corrigan Kevin
Published: February 2009

Der vorliegende Artikel vertritt die Auffassung, daß die Trinitätstheologie Basilius' des Großen und Gregors von Nyssa – namentlich die Hypostasenlehre – sich ganz wesentlich der Tradition christlicher Schriftexegese, dem Vermächtnis des Konzils von Nicaea sowie dem Werk des Athanasius verdankt, daß sie jedoch gleichzeitig Resultat der intellektuellen Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Zeit ist. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie Basilius und Gregor sich mit den philosophischen Entwürfen Plotins, Porphyrius' und Iamblichs auseinandersetzen, indem sie diese teils widerlegen, teils aber auch adaptieren und weiterführend umgestalten. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Debatte in Iamblich, De mysteriis zwischen Iamblich, der auf der Bedeutung eines ungewordenen Prinzips beharrt, und Plotin, der in seiner früheren Sicht das Eine als causa sui versteht – eine Auseinandersetzung, die sich in der Position des Eunomius widerspiegelt. Die Verknüpfung von Ursache und Verursachtem in der Theorie Plotins von der innerlichen Inhärenz des Intellekts ist damit weniger direkte Quelle für die Hypostasenlehre Basilius' und Gregors als vielmehr ein hilfreiches Gerüst aus dem „intellektuellen Klima“ der Zeit heraus, dessen sich beide Theologen bei der Entwicklung ihrer trinitätstheologischen Konzeptionen bedient haben.
Eine übersehene Etymologie des Pascha: Irenäus von Lyon und die Onomastica Sacra
Authors: Buchinger Harald
Published: February 2009

In two places, Irenaeus of Lyon explains the word “pascha” as meaning “liberation” or “deliverance”. As this tradition also occurs in the Onomastica Sacra, it can be identified as an etymology (and not merely an association). The two well-known etymologies of the word “pascha” drawn upon in early Christian literature, i. e., passio and transitus, are thus complemented by a third one, meaning liberatio. The appearance of this etymology in Irenaeus dates it back to the 2nd century. Later on, it not only persistently holds its place in various versions of the Onomastica Sacra but is also attested to by Theodoret of Cyrus. As a secondary finding, πάσΧα (and not πάθoς) is shown to be the lost original Greek reading of Demonstratio praedicationis 25.
Oikonomia im monenergetisch-monotheletischen Streit
Authors: Ohme Heinz
Published: February 2009

As this article elucidates for the first time, it can be shown that central monenergistic-monotheletic measures (Union and Psephos from 633; Typos from 648) can be understood as implementation of the ecclesiastical principle of Oikonomia. This continues the tradition established by the Alexandrian patriarch Eulogius (581-607) who systematized the Oikonomia for dogmatic questions as it was known from the controversies of the 4th and 5th century. This made it possible to accept compromises for terms and crucial words maintaining the substance of the own doctrine, leading to common declarations of faith. So, the aim for ecclesiastical unity was regarded as much more important than any quarrels and defense of the own position. Neither for the Union from 633 nor the Typos or Ekthesis it was claimed to be the final and legally valid formulation of doctrine (kύpıoν δóγμα), but (distinguishing kύpıoν δóγμα and theological explanations created as steps on the way to the kύpıoν δóγμα) considerable concessions towards Maximos Homolegetes were made. This leads to a distinctive new approach to the ecclesiastical politics of the patriarchs Sergios, Pyrrhos, Paulos and Petros which has to be reconsidered as spiritual and theological strategy. Unlike them, Maximos rejected such a concept of Oikonomia maintaining that his own theological concepts and distinctions are kύpıoν δóγμα in its proper sense. So, he exaggerated his polemics stressing that the central issues of faith would be abandoned by the declarations of his opponents. The fact that Maximos ignored the theological aims of his opponents (inspite of some considerable convergences with his own christology) casts a shadow not only over the methods and arguments of his theology, but even over his personality.
Discrete tomography of F-type icosahedral model sets
Authors: Huck Christian
Published: February 2009

We address the problem of uniquely reconstructing F-type icosahedral quasicrystals from few images produced by quantitative high resolution transmission electron microscopy and explain recent results in the discrete tomography of these sets.
The remarkable nature of one-dimensional quasicrystal
Authors: Gao Yang , Xu Bai-Xiang
Published: February 2009

A material is spherically uniform when its generalized Hooke´s law at each material point referred to a spherical coordinate system is the same everywhere. We study a sphere of spherically uniform linear anisotropic one-dimensional quasicrystalline material subjected to radial phonon and phason strains on its surface. For a certain range of material parameters the phonon as well as the phason stress diverges at the center. The applied phason strain does not affect the phonon field but the phason field is disturbed by the phonon strain. “White hole” at the center may occur when the sphere is subjected to uniform tension while uniform pressure may cause a “black hole”. This behavior depends only on a dimensionless material parameter and the kind of applied strain but not on its magnitude.
Restricted square-triangle tilings
Authors: Roth Johannes
Published: February 2009

Restricted square-triangle tilings are tilings of regular squares and triangles where the number of vertex types has been limited to a subset of all possible vertex types. Such structures have recently been observed in several places: for example as strip phases in colloidal patterns on laser fields with pentagonal symmetry, and as square-pair-free tilings in patterns formed by dipolar magnetic binary colloidal mixtures. In general there are four vertex configurations: A (4 squares, 44), Z (6 triangles, 36), H (4233), and S (43433). Strip phases belong to type AHZ, square-pair-free phases to SZ, standard inflation generated quasicrystals to HSZ, and unrestricted dodecagonal random tilings to AHSZ. We study several vertex type combinations and describe the properties of the patterns generated. AHZ tilings can be mapped to binary necklaces and classified completely. A similar mapping is possible for many HS tilings. Defect-free SZ tilings can be transformed into a triangle-square-hexagon (TSH) supertiling with matching rules. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations are used to examine the properties of several classes of restricted tilings.
Similarity versus coincidence rotations of lattices
Authors: Glied Svenja , Baake Michael
Published: February 2009

The groups of similarity and coincidence rotations of an arbitrary lattice Γ in d-dimensional Euclidean space are considered. It is shown that the group of similarity rotations contains the coincidence rotations as a normal subgroup. Furthermore, the structure of the corresponding factor group is examined. If the dimension d is a prime number, this factor group is an elementary Abelian d-group. Moreover, if Γ is a rational lattice, the factor group is trivial (d odd) or an elementary Abelian 2-group (d even).
Are clusters physical entities?
Authors: Rösch Frohmut , Trebin Hans-Rainer
Published: February 2009

Complex metallic alloys frequently exhibit atomic clusters as structural units. In quasicrystals, they are densely arranged retaining an overall long-range quasiperiodic translational order. Thus, clusters are geometrical entities. The often posed question is, whether these are also responsible for physical properties. Fracture experiments and simulations strongly point towards a positive answer. However, a recent analysis of experimental fracture surfaces questions a signature of the clusters. From the self-affine behavior of a model system it is shown that the findings cannot vitiate the role of the clusters in the fracture process.
Ab initio studies on orientational ordering in cubic Zn–Sc
Authors: Hatakeyama Tadashi , Nozawa Kazuki , Ishii Yasushi
Published: February 2009

Complex cubic compounds Zn6Sc and Cd6M (M = Yb, Ca, Y, rare earth) are approximant crystals of Zn- and Cd-based quasicrystals. A low-temperature structural transition has been observed for these compounds universally and is considered to be due to orientational ordering of an atomic shell in the icosahedral cluster. To get microscopic information on structure and orientational ordering of the atomic shell in the icosahedral cluster, the first-principles structural relaxation for Zn6Sc is carried out. We obtain variety of favorable structures for different lattice constants. The results are compared with those for isostructural Cd6Ca obtained in the previous work. We stress differences between Zn6Sc and Cd6Ca and discuss their possible consequences on phase diagrams.
Ten colours in quasiperiodic and regular hyperbolic tilings
Authors: Lück Reinhard , Frettlöh Dirk
Published: February 2009

Colour symmetries with ten colours are presented for different tilings. In many cases, the existence of these colourings were predicted by group theoretical methods. Only in a few cases explicit constructions were known, sometimes using combination of two-colour and five-colour symmetries. Here we present explicit constructions of several of the predicted colourings for the first time, and discuss them in contrast to already known colourings with ten colours.
On color groups of Bravais colorings of planar modules with quasicrystallographic symmetries
Authors: Bugarin Enrico Paolo C. , N. De Las Peñas Ma. Louise Antonette , Evidente Imogene F. , Felix Rene P. , Frettloeh Dirk
Published: February 2009

In this work we study the color symmetries pertaining to colorings of Mn
= Z[ξ], where ξ = exp (2πi/n) for n ∈ {5,8,12} which yield standard symmetries of quasicrystals. The first part of the paper treats Mn
as a four dimensional lattice Λ with symmetry group G and a result is provided on sublattices of Λ which are invariant under the point group of G. The second part of the paper characterizes the color symmetry groups and color fixing groups corresponding to Bravais colorings of Mn
using an approach involving ideals.
Integer Cech cohomology of icosahedral projection tilings
Authors: Gähler Franz , Hunton John R. , Kellendonk Johannes
Published: February 2009

The integer Cech cohomology of canonical projection tilings of dimension three and codimension three is derived. These formulae are then evaluated for several icosahedral tilings known from the literature. Rather surprisingly, the cohomologies of all these tilings turn out to have torsion. This is the case even for the Danzer tiling, which is, in some sense, the simplest of all icosahedral tilings. This result is in contrast to the case of two-dimensional canonical projection tilings, where many examples without torsion are known.
Modulated quasicrystals
Authors: Sing Bernd
Published: February 2009

There is some confusion in the literature what “modulated quasicrystals” are: Some people treat “modulated quasicrystals” and “deformed model sets” as exchangeable termini (compare [6, 9, 5]), others claim that “[…] the projection method becomes powerless against incommensurate modulated structures” (e.g., [12 p. 148]). We use a mathematical approach and propose the following classification: While deformed model sets are characterised by a deformation that does not change the location of the Bragg peaks, a modulated phase yields “satellites” in the diffraction pattern and is achieved “by enlarging the internal space” with a torus.
Stability of aperiodic crystals
Authors: Janssen Ted
Published: February 2009

The origin and stability of quasicrystals are still heavily debated issues. One may ask the same questions about aperiodic crystals in general. For some other classes, there are answers to these questions, and it is useful to compare the situations. A short discussion is given of what is known for the various classes of aperiodic crystals.
Formation of decagonal quasicrystals in mechanically alloyed Al–Cu–Cr powders
Authors: Tcherdyntsev Victor V. , Sviridova Tatyana A. , Shevchukov Alexander P. , Kaloshkin Sergei D.
Published: February 2009

Mechanical alloying was applied to form a decagonal phase in the Al–Cu–Cr system. Elemental powders of Al67Cu20Cr13, Al75Cu10Cr15, Al65Cu24Cr11, Al69Cu21Cr10 and Al78Cu10Cr12 compositions (in at%) were mechanically alloyed in a planetary ball mill. Annealing in the temperature range of 500 to 550 °C results in the formation of binary and ternary compounds including the decagonal quasicrystalline phase that was found to be stable at least up to 800 °C and was present in various amounts in all investigated alloys. No icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was found in the samples. The maximum content (95 vol%;) of decagonal quasicrystalline phase was observed for Al69Cu21Cr10 compound annealed at 635 °C. Further increase in the annealing temperature results in the quasicrystalline phase transformation into ψ-Al65Cu25Cr10 phase, which is an approximant phase to icosahedral quasicrystal.
Similar sublattices and coincidence rotations of the root lattice A
4 and its dual
Authors: Heuer Manuela
Published: February 2009

A natural way to describe the Penrose tiling employs the projection method on the basis of the root lattice A
4 or its dual. Properties of these lattices are thus related to properties of the Penrose tiling. Moreover, the root lattice A
4 appears in various other contexts such as sphere packings, efficient coding schemes and lattice quantizers. Here, the lattice A
4 is considered within the icosian ring, whose rich arithmetic structure leads to parametrisations of the similar sublattices and the coincidence rotations of A
4 and its dual lattice. These parametrisations, both in terms of a single icosian, imply an index formula for the corresponding sublattices. The results are encapsulated in Dirichlet series generating functions. For every index, they provide the number of distinct similar sublattices as well as the number of coincidence rotations of A
4 and its dual.
Recent developments in the mathematics of diffraction
Authors: Moody Robert V.
Published: February 2009

This is a survey of some recent results in the mathematics of diffraction, concentrating on the use of dynamical systems and stochastic point processes.
Generalized substitution rules: concepts and examples
Authors: Gummelt Petra
Published: February 2009

Based on the standard inflation-deflation method to generate substitution tilings, we discuss two types of generalizations in the plane. Firstly, we study substitution rules which do not preserve volume and/or shape of the building blocks. Secondly, we consider prototiles with two or more different possibilities for replacement which can be chosen randomly according to certain probabilities. For illustration, we give various examples of generalized tile substitutions derived from Penrose tiles.