bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matching and prediction on the principles of biological classification
Authors: Belson William A
Published: January 2018

In this article Dr Belson describes a technique for matching population samples. This depends upon the combination of empirically developed predictors to give the best available predictive, or matching, composite. The underlying principle is quite distinct from that inherent in the multiple correlation method.
Measuring Service Quality: A Test-retest Reliability Investigation of Servqual
Authors: Woo Ka Shiing , Lam Simon S K
Published: January 2018

The SERVQUAL scale has been widely used by both academics and practising managers to measure service quality, but recent research has raised concerns about the reliability of SERVQUAL. Using the test-retest correlation method, this paper assesses short and long range stability of SERVQUAL. The results indicate that the SERVQUAL scale is not stable over time as revealed by the insignificant correlation between the test scores and retest scores. Although items in the expectation battery of the SERVQUAL scale remain fairly stable over time, the performance items are subject to instability even in a one-week test-retest interval. These results seem to cast doubt on the usefulness of using SERVQUAL performance items to measure service quality.
DIY: Consumer driven research
Authors: Varty Caryl , Yelland Frances
Published: January 2018

This paper focuses on the research industry's adherence to the group discussion in qualitiative research, its validity for consumer research in the late 1990s and its optimal implementation and practice. The authors examine the thesis that responses obtained from the consumer are not as accurate as they could be and suggest that the input into and methodology of conventional moderated groups may, in some instances, be inappropriate and out of date. A number of consumer-driven, DIY groups were carried out, without a moderator, in the IT and financial services sectors. The unmoderated groups were given clear instructions regarding the process and content of their tasks. Key issues are compared for unmoderated and DIY groups. It is concluded that unmoderated groups are likely to work best in mature, sophisticated, post-modernist societies which are ready to and experienced in challenging the status quo. Unmoderated groups allow a much clearer understanding of the agenda as set by respondents. The unmoderated approach has particular value in exploratory and explanatory research, as well as the initial phases of NPD work, whereas well-moderated groups are more appropriate for diagnostic, tactical and secondary stage NPD work.
The Scope for Reducing Refusals in Household Surveys: An Investigation Based on Transcripts of tape-recorded Doorstep Interactions
Authors: Campanelli Pamela , Sturgis Patrick
Published: January 2018

The paper analysis focuses on the extent to which there is scope for reducing rates of refusal on large-scale household surveys below current standard levels. Our data consisted of over 300 tape-recorded doorstep interactions, drawn from substantive surveys at two different organisations. Tape-recorded interactions were classified in terms of the degree of reluctance expressed by the respondent and the consequent scope for the interviewer to deploy interpersonal skills and persuasion. Interactions where there was both reluctance and scope for persuasion were classified according to whether they resulted in co-operation or refusal and the interviewer tactics associated with the two types of outcome were compared. Conclusions are drawn about the prevalence of different types of interaction and the scope for reducing refusal rates through training interviews to use techniques likely to minimise refusals on the doorstep.
Projecting the Future
Authors: Shore Gene , Cooper Peter
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the use of qualitative projective techniques in anticipating the Millennium. It argues that the Millennium will have an immense impact on people's behaviour and attitudes and therefore on brands. Characteristics expected of a Millennium brand are identified and four basic attitudinal sectors driving ten behavioural trends derived. The trends are described in detail - each has implications for product development, brand positioning and corporate planning.
The Power of Ethnography
Authors: Mariampolski Hy
Published: January 2018

This paper reviews the theoretical perspectives at the root of ethnography and suggests analytic approaches that yield high-value information for product marketing and communications decisions. It also offers a critique of prevailing epistemologies in marketing research. An overview is given of several market research applications in the areas of niche marketing to regional and ethnic subcultures, retail environment planning and user interface design for computer technologies.
Making Survey-Based Price Experiments More Accurate
Authors: Lewis Tony , Gendall Phil , Wright Malcolm
Published: January 2018

Marketers frequently want to know how the sales of their brand will respond to a change in price. Survey-based price experiments are a convenient and cheap method of finding this out but they have a reputation for giving inaccurate estimates of price effects. These inaccuracies can include over-estimation of price effects, non-significant price effects and even positive price elasticities. We sought to identify some of the causes of these inaccuracies by analysing both the existing literature and the results of a recent mail intercept survey based price experiment (n=382). We found that; (i) when price effects were overestimated, pictures of the relevant brands had not been included; and (ii) when non-buyers of the category were included in the sample, price effects were increasingly non-significant and elasticities were sometimes even positive. Consequently managers should be able to use the results of survey-based price research with greater confidence when some form of pictorial representation is used and non-buyers are not forced to make a choice.
A Case of Response Rate Success
Authors: Turley Sophie K.
Published: January 2018

Postal survey response rates are affected by the intersection of a variety of dependent and independent variables. This paper outlines the response rate variables manipulated in a survey that generated a 75.2% return. The case of a university-sponsored, UK-based postal survey of the general public is documented, with Fox, Crask & Kim's (1988) five key response rate issues - respondent contact, the covering letter, incentives, the questionnaire and postage mailing - providing a framework for discussion. The aim is to provide those conducting future surveys, exhibiting like characteristics in terms of sponsorship, topic and sample population, with an example of response rate success, from which comparative lessons may be learned.
Examining Motivations to Refuse in Industrial Surveys
Authors: Moncrief William C. , Reisinger Heribert , Baldauf Arthur
Published: January 2018

This study reports the results of examining the reasons for participant refusal in industrial mail surveys. The existing literature provides us with very little knowledge on this topic. Managers who did not respond to a previous questionnaire were called and asked to indicate their reasons for ‘refusal’. Referring to refusers as an information source, this study is among the first applying such a research design. In general, time constraints (‘I am too busy’), technical characteristics of the questionnaire (‘too long’), and a lack of value provided for organisations (‘no benefit for company’) are the most frequently cited reasons for refusal. Based on our research findings we also provide the reader with a discussion of the results and implications for future research.
The Eurowinter Project: The Use of Market/Social Research Methods in an International Study
Authors: Mcdonald Colin
Published: January 2018

This paper describes how an international research project using standard quota sampling methods was used as part of an epidemiological study investigating the relationships between cold weather and excess winter mortality in eight different temperature zones in Europe. Surveys provided unique evidence of how the increase in deaths with greater cold can be affected by the actions people take to protect themselves, both in the home and in the open air. The study, supported by a grant from the European Community, was later followed by similar studies in Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, and Yakutsk, North-eastern Siberia.
Mediation effect of depressive symptoms in the relationship between perceived control and wellbeing in patients with heart failure and their partners
Authors: Liljeroos Maria , Strömberg Anna , Årestedt Kristofer , Chung Misook L
Published: January 2018

Background:

As treatment has improved, patients with heart failure live longer, and the care mostly takes place at home with partners providing the main assistance. Perceived control over heart failure is important in managing self-care activities to maintain health in patients and their family. Depressive symptoms are associated with impaired health status in patients with heart failure and their family. However, there is limited knowledge about how depressive symptoms affect the relationship between health status and perceived control over heart failure in patients with heart failure and their cohabiting partners.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between perceived control and health status (i.e. mental and physical) was mediated by depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure and their partners.

Methods:

In this secondary data analysis, we included 132 heart failure patients and 132 partners who completed measures of depressive symptoms (the Beck depression inventory II), perceived control (the control attitude scale), and physical and mental health status (the short form-36) instruments. The mediation effect of depression was examined using a series of multiple regression in patients and their family caregivers separately.

Results:

We found a mediator effect of depressive symptoms in the relationship between perceived control and mental health status in both patients and partners. The relationship between perceived control and physical health status was mediated by depressive symptoms in the patients, not in the partners.

Conclusion:

Efforts to improve self-care management and maintenance by targeting perceived control may be more effective if depressive symptoms are also effectively managed.
Rayleigh wave propagation and scattering characteristics at debondings in fibre-reinforced polymer-retrofitted concrete structures
Authors: Mohseni Hasan , Ng Ching-Tai
Published: January 2018

Structural health monitoring is of paramount importance to ensure safety and serviceability of structures. Among different damage detection techniques, guided wave–based approach has been the subject of intensive research activities. This article investigates the capability of Rayleigh wave for debonding detection in fibre-reinforced polymer-retrofitted concrete structures through studying wave scattering phenomenon at debonding between fibre-reinforced polymer and concrete. A three-dimensional finite element model is presented to simulate Rayleigh wave propagation and scattering at the debonding. Numerical simulations of Rayleigh wave propagation are validated with analytical solutions. Absorbing layers by increasing damping is employed in the fibre-reinforced polymer-retrofitted concrete numerical model to maximise computational efficiency in the scattering study. Experimental measurements are also carried out using a three-dimensional laser Doppler vibrometer to validate the three-dimensional finite element model. Very good agreement is observed between the numerical and experimental results. The experimentally and analytically validated finite element model is then used in numerical case studies to investigate the wave scattering characteristic at the debonding. The study investigates the directivity patterns of scattered Rayleigh waves, in both backward and forward directions, with respect to different debonding size-to-wavelength ratios. This study also investigates the suitability of using bonded mass to simulate debonding in the fibre-reinforced polymer-retrofitted concrete structures. By enhancing physical understanding of Rayleigh wave scattering at the debonding between fibre-reinforced polymer/concrete interfaces, this study can lead to further advance of Rayleigh wave–based damage detection techniques.
Paralyzed by the dashboard light: Environmental characteristics and firm’s scanning capabilities in East Africa
Authors: van Uden Annelies , Vermeulen Patrick AM , Knoben Joris
Published: January 2018

Firms in East Africa face highly uncertain environments, fueling environmental dynamism, changes in industry structures, and enhanced competitive dynamics. In order to understand the opportunities and challenges within such an environment, extant theory argues that firms need to develop scanning capabilities. However, since the effect of environmental characteristics on the development of firm capabilities in lower income countries is unclear, we analyze how different environmental characteristics drive or hamper such capabilities. We focus specifically on scanning capabilities that allow firms to respond swiftly to changing needs by monitoring their environment. We include four environmental characteristics: environmental dynamism, heterogeneity, formal and informal competition. We investigate this in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, from which we mustered a sample of 440 manufacturing firms. Our main results indicate that environmental dynamism and informal competition have a paralyzing effect on the development of firms’ scanning capabilities in East Africa, which implies that environmental characteristics may hamper rather than help the development of firm capabilities.
Implementing a Produce Prescription Program for Hypertensive Patients in Safety Net Clinics
Authors: Joshi Kakul , Smith Samantha , Bolen Shari D. , Osborne Amanda , Benko Michele , Trapl Erika S.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Although community–clinical linkages can improve chronic disease management, little is known regarding strategies for program implementation. We describe implementation of a unique produce prescription program for patients with hypertension (PRxHTN) involving 3 safety net clinics and 20 farmers’ markets (FMs). Strategy. Safety net clinics were invited to participate, and provider-leads received assistance in (1) developing a process flow to screen for food insecurity among hypertensive adults for program referral, (2) integrating the program into their electronic health record for scheduling, and (3) counseling patients on PRxHTN/FM use. Research staff met with clinics twice monthly. FM managers were trained on maintaining PRxHTN voucher redemption logs. Discussion. A total of 7 diverse providers screened 266 patients over 3 months; 224 were enrolled. Twelve FM, including one newly established at a clinic through provider–FM manager collaboration, redeemed over $14,500 of the $10 PRxHTN vouchers. We describe several strategies that can be used to prepare for and overcome implementation challenges including organizational and staff selection, facilitative administration, and clinical training and consultation. Conclusion. The PRxHTN program offers a flexible implementation process allowing clinics to successfully adapt their workflow to suit their staffing and resources.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Help-Seeking Motivation in the Assessment of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Haussmann Robert , Mayer-Pelinski René , Borchardt Maike , Beier Fabrice , Helling Franziska , Buthut Maria , Meissner Gisa , Lange Jan , Zweiniger Anne , Donix Markus
Published: January 2018

Diagnostic assessments for dementia include the evaluation of subjective memory impairment, dementia worries, or depressive symptoms. Data on the predictive value of these factors remain unclear, and varying help-seeking behavior may contribute to this finding. We investigate whether differentiating help-seeking motivation from other psychological factors associated with cognitive impairment would enhance the prediction of diagnostic outcomes in a memory clinic. We obtained information on help-seeking motivation from 171 patients who underwent routine diagnostic assessments. Utilizing a discriminant correspondence analysis, our results indicate that extrinsic motivation increases the likelihood of receiving a dementia diagnosis, whereas depression or the duration of deficits carries discriminatory information to further guide the differentiation of prodromal dementia. Recognizing motivational aspects of help-seeking behavior can complement the clinical evaluation of cognitive performance.
Simple aspiration with balloon catheter technique (simple ABC technique) against proximal internal carotid artery occlusion in cases of cardiogenic cerebral embolism
Authors: Okamura Akitake , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Shinagawa Katsuhiro , Yamada Naoto
Published: January 2018

Background

In cases of acute ischemic stroke, manual aspiration of the thrombus is commonly performed with a balloon guiding catheter placed in the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). However, most manual aspirations using a balloon guiding catheter are combined with inner catheters, as in the direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT). We experienced some cases of acute ischemic stroke with proximal ICA occlusion due to cardiogenic thrombus where we obtained sufficient recanalization by simple manual aspiration from inflated Optimo 9F balloon catheters (Tokai Medical Products, Japan) placed in the origin of the cervical segment of the ICA without any inner catheter or stent retriever. We perform by preference this procedure, named the simple Aspiration with Balloon Catheter (simple ABC) technique. Herein, we report two recent cases and discuss this procedure.

Case presentation

Case 1: An 80-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation developed left ICA occlusion. We performed the simple ABC technique and obtained a large amount of dark red and white thrombus. Puncture-to-reperfusion time was 14 minutes with Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grade 3. Case 2: A 69-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation developed left internal carotid occlusion. We performed the simple ABC technique and obtained a large amount of dark red thrombus. Puncture-to-reperfusion time was 15 minutes with TICI grade 2b.

Conclusion

The simple ABC technique is useful to deal with a large amount of thrombus, shortens procedure time, enables less invasive thrombectomy, and can shift immediately to subsequent procedures such as delivering a stent retriever or ADAPT.
Surrogate Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Anti-EGFR Agents: State of the Art and Challenges
Authors: Cappuzzo F. , Toschi L. , Finocchiaro G. , Ligorio C. , Santoro A.
Published: January 2018

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in cancer development and progression in several human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several strategies aimed at inhibiting the EGFR have been investigated in the last years, including the use of small tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against the intracellular domain of the receptor and monoclonal antibodies targeting its extracellular portion. Subgroups of patients who are more likely to respond to TKIs have been identified based on both clincal and biological features. Never-smoking history has emerged as the most relevant clinical characteristic predictive of response to TKIs in NSCLC, while presence of drug-sensitive EGFR mutations and EGFR gene gain represent critical biological variables associated with an improved outcome for patients exposed to these agents. Recent studies have highlighted the existence of biological factors involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to TKIs, including k-ras, HER-2 and EGFR exon 20 mutations. Increasing knowledge of EGFR biology and drug-receptor interactions will allow to identify individuals who are likely to derive a clinical benefit from the proposed targeted therapy, sparing refractory patients expensive and potentially toxic treatment.
Pharmacology of Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Toffoli G. , De Mattia E. , Cecchin E. , Biason P. , Masier S. , Corona G.
Published: January 2018

Research into the molecular bases of malignant diseases has yielded the development of many novel agents with potential antitumor activity. Evidence for a causative role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is now regarded as an excellent target for cancer chemotherapy in human cancer, leads to the development of EGFR inhibitors. Two classes of anti-EGFR agents are currently in clinical use: monoclonal antibodies directed at the extracellular domain of the receptor, and the low-molecular-weight receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting intracellularly by competing with adenosine triphosphate for binding to the tyrosine kinase portion of the EGFR. The effect on the receptor interferes with key biological functions including cell cycle arrest, potentiation of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and cell invasion and metastasis. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody, and the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib are currently approved for the treatment of patients with cancer. New agents with clinical activity are entering the clinic, and new combinatorial approaches are being explored with the aim of improving the potency and pharmacokinetics of EGFR inhibition, to increase the synergistic activity in combination with chemotherapy and overcome resistance to the EGFR inhibitors.
The Rationale for the Combination of Selective EGFR Inhibitors with Cytotoxic Drugs and Radiotherapy
Authors: Tortora G. , Gelardi T. , Ciardiello F. , Bianco R.
Published: January 2018

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in a wide range of human tumors; such overexpression often correlates with poor prognosis and worse clinical outcome. It has been demonstrated that the EGFR autocrine pathway plays a crucial role in human cancer since it contributes to a number of highly relevant processes in tumor development and progression, including cell proliferation, regulation of apoptotic cell death, angiogenesis and metastatic spread. For these reasons EGFR is one of the most studied and exploited targets for molecular cancer therapy. Two classes of anti-EGFR agents have entered clinical practice: monoclonal antibodies and small molecules targeting receptor tyrosine kinases. The possibility of combining conventional cytotoxic drugs with agents that specifically interfere with key pathways controlling cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion and/or metastatic spread has generated wide interest. This could be a promising therapeutic approach for several reasons. First, the occurrence of cross-resistance is infrequent since the cellular targets and mechanisms of action of cytotoxic drugs and EGFR antagonists are different. Second, alterations in the expression and/or activity of genes that regulate mitogenic signals may either cause perturbation of cell growth or affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In fact, EGFR inhibitors have shown activity alone and/or in combination with conventional antitumor treatments.
Treatment of Advanced Head and Neck Cancer with Cetuximab
Authors: Merlano M. , Garrone O.
Published: January 2018

Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the transmembrane receptor HER-1 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR). In theory, inhibition of EGFR may influence tumor behavior since the receptor regulates many important tumor cell activities including tumor growth, angiogenesis, and inhibition of the apoptotic response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Available experimental data suggest that cetuximab may enhance the activity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, reverse resistance to some anticancer drugs, and has itself anticancer activity. Early clinical data support the experimental results. This paper reviews the published findings on cetuximab in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer and points out the future objectives of the clinical research on this drug.
Sport commitment in young soccer players: A self-determination perspective
Authors: Pulido Juan J , Sánchez-Oliva David , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro A , Amado Diana , García-Calvo Tomás
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Grounded on the self-determination theory, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of perceived need support/thwarting, psychological needs satisfaction/frustration and motivation on young soccer players’ sport commitment.

Equipment and methods

We used a sample of 430 male soccer players ( Mage = 14.21 years, SD = 1.67 years, range = 12–18 years).

Results

Structural equation model analysis (χ2/ df = 2.31; CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.89, GFI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.05) showed that coach supporting style positively correlated with players’ needs satisfaction, which, in turn positively predicted intrinsic motivation, which, in turn positively predicted sport commitment. On another hand, coach thwarting style positively predicted needs frustration, which positively predicted amotivation, and amotivation negatively predicted sport commitment.

Conclusion

The coach-created training environment can be crucial for the satisfaction or frustration of the basic psychological needs and, as a consequence, it could play an important role in young soccer players’ sport commitment.
Facts and transformations in European minority language media systems amid digitalization and economic crisis
Authors: Zabaleta Iñaki , Gutierrez Arantza , Ferré-Pavia Carme , Fernandez Itxaso , Xamardo Nikolas
Published: January 2018

This article investigates the reality and variations of the European minority language media systems between 2009 and 2016, a period of serious economic crisis and accelerated digitalization process. To that aim, several parameters were measured: structure of the media systems and changes during that period along the variables of media type, ownership and reach; presence and relevance of major media in each of the communities; number and variation of full-time journalists; and the density or relative weight of the media systems with regard to the speaking population. The 10 minority languages under analysis (Basque, Catalan, Galician, Corsican, Breton, Frisian, Irish, Welsh, Scottish-Gaelic and Sámi) represent a wide range of communities. The relevance of the study lies in its direct comparative nature and in the fact that it thoroughly updates previous scholarly literature, measuring the changes which occurred within the 10 media systems.
Self-reported changes in alcohol use behavior among people living with HIV in China after receiving HIV positive diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Xinguang , Ball Jacob , Li Xiaoming , Zhou Yuejiao , Shen Zhiyong
Published: January 2018

Background:

Alcohol use remains a significant challenge for treating people living with HIV (people living with HIV). We aimed to examine current use and retrospective self-reported changes in drinking behavior after HIV+ diagnosis in people living with HIV.

Method:

Survey data were collected from a large random sample of people living with HIV (N = 2964, mean age = 42.5, standard deviation = 12.8) in Guangxi, China.

Results:

The estimated prevalence rate of current alcohol use was 42.8%. Among current drinkers, 41.7% reported binge drinking and 10.4% reported hazardous drinking. Among the ever drinkers, 45.4% reported reductions in drinking and 19.5% reported quitting after HIV+ diagnosis. Older age, female gender, higher income, being employed, if currently on antiretroviral therapy, and having received an HIV+ diagnosis within a year were positively associated with quitting; and more education, lower income, currently on antiretroviral therapy, and having received an HIV+ diagnosis more than one year were associated with reduced drinking.

Conclusion:

The time period immediately following receiving an HIV+ diagnosis may represent a window of opportunity for alcohol use intervention in people living with HIV.
Whether Patients Want It or Not, Physician Recommendations Will Convince Them to Accept HIV Testing
Authors: Baumann Katherine Ellen , Hemmige Vagish , Kallen Michael Anthony , Street Richard Lewis , Giordano Thomas Peter , Arya Monisha
Published: January 2018

Physicians are not routinely offering patients HIV testing, partly due to perceived patient discomfort with discussing HIV. This study assessed patients’ comfort level and whether physician recommendations can overcome any discomfort that does exist. In a publicly funded primary care clinic, we administered a survey exploring patient facilitators to HIV testing, with 266 patients answering the 2 main survey questions of interest. Most participants wanted their physician to offer HIV testing (n = 175; 65.8%). Even among participants who did not want their physician to offer HIV testing (n = 91), over half (n = 54; 59.3%) reported they would “likely” or “very likely” accept HIV testing if their physician recommended it. Based on our findings, not only are negative attitudes about HIV testing among patients uncommon but physician recommendations may be able to convince patients to receive HIV testing in spite of patients stating they do not want the test.
State-building, Military Modernization and Cross-border Ethnic Violence in Myanmar
Authors: Beehner Lionel
Published: January 2018

This article explains cross-border uses of force against ethnic armed groups along Myanmar’s bloody borders with China and Thailand. I trace the history of Burma’s ethnic disputes, its state-society relations, and the “modernization” of its military doctrine to understand how its state-building enterprise can shape the use of force along a state’s frontier. I treat each of the border regions as distinct sub-categories to highlight variation in the micro-dynamics as well as types and conditions under which the use of state-orchestrated violence occurs. First, I point to the role of greater state-building – extractive, coercive, etc. – and how it influences the use of force along border regions. Second, I explore the modernization of Burma’s military and evolution of its doctrine – this includes early efforts by the tatmadaw’s post-1988 shift toward a more conventional counterinsurgency strategy. An implication of my theory is that more peaceful relations between states perversely can create the conditions for more cross-border violence, as there are greater opportunities for states to either “pool” border security or outsource the use of force to proxies or paramilitary forces.
Using Teleconferencing to Meet the Needs of Children, 0 to 3 Years Old, With Disabilities in Rural Areas
Authors: Buchter Jennifer , Riggleman Samantha
Published: January 2018

Serving families who live in rural communities can be a challenge for early intervention programs. Factors, such as travel, family needs, and limited program and community resources, have been identified as ongoing barriers for this population. Technology, specifically teleconferencing, can be a solution to provide equitable services compliant with Part C of Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; 2004) mandates and professional practices. This article will discuss how to determine whether teleconference technology is a good fit and how to individualize, plan, and implement technology to support families in rural communities. It will also discuss legal and practical considerations that must be taken into account when using teleconferencing to discuss service delivery.
Trust, Growth Mindset, and Student Commitment to Active Learning in a College Science Course
Authors: Cavanagh Andrew J. , Chen Xinnian , Bathgate Meghan , Frederick Jennifer , Hanauer David I. , Graham Mark J.
Published: January 2018

There is growing consensus regarding the effectiveness of active-learning pedagogies in college science courses. Less is known about ways that student-level factors contribute to positive outcomes in these contexts. The present study examines students’ (N = 245) trust in the instructor—defined as perceptions of their instructor’s understanding, acceptance, and care—and students’ attitudes toward learning within an anatomy and physiology course featuring active learning. Analyses indicate that student trust of instructor and students’ views of their own intelligence are both associated with student commitment to, and engagement in, active learning. Student-reported trust of the instructor corresponded to final grade, while students’ views of their own intelligence did not. In an active-learning context in which students are more fully engaged in the learning process, student trust of the instructor was an important contributor to desired student outcomes.
The Rock Painting/Xela:ls of the Tsleil-Waututh: A Historicized Coast Salish Practice
Authors: Arnett Chris , Morin Jesse
Published: January 2018

This article argues that the red-ocher paintings (pictographs) in Coast Salish Tsleil-Waututh territory in Indian Arm, British Columbia, were made around the time of contact in specific response to demographic collapse caused by smallpox. Tsleil-Waututh people selected fifteen distinctive geological features along the shoreline of Indian Arm for marking. It is suggested that these locations were highly significant places to past Tsleil-Waututh people because they were physical embodiments of oral traditions (sxwoxwyiam) and associated with underwater-dwelling supernatural creatures (stl’aleqem). Relying on local oral traditions, regional archaeology, and local ethnographies, the article argues that these specific locations had very ancient roots in Tsleil-Waututh history but were marked in the early contact period with red paint by Tsleil-Waututh ritualists (shxwla:m, “Indian Doctor”). They did this to connect with supernatural powers in these locations, to preserve oral histories associated with them, and thus to contribute to the demographic revitalization of the Tsleil-Waututh people. The article contends that Tsleil-Waututh rock painting is not an essentialized cultural practice but a historically contingent one—a reflection of specific events.
Dnd1-mediated epigenetic control of teratoma formation in mouse
Authors: Gu Wei , Mochizuki Kentaro , Otsuka Kei , Hamada Ryohei , Takehara Asuka , Matsui Yasuhisa
Published: January 2018

Spontaneous testicular teratoma develops from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryos; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying teratoma formation are not fully understood. Mutation of the dead-end 1 (Dnd1) gene, which encodes an RNA-binding protein, drastically enhances teratoma formation in the 129/Sv mouse strain. To elucidate the mechanism of Dnd1 mutation-induced teratoma formation, we focused on histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation (me3), and found that the levels of H3K27me3 and its responsible methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), were decreased in the teratoma-forming cells of Dnd1 mutant embryos. We also showed that Dnd1 suppressed miR-26a-mediated inhibition of Ezh2 expression, and that Dnd1 deficiency resulted in decreased H3K27me3 of a cell-cycle regulator gene, Ccnd1. In addition, Ezh2 expression or Ccnd1 deficiency repressed the reprogramming of PGCs into pluripotent stem cells, which mimicked the conversion of embryonic germ cells into teratoma-forming cells. These results revealed an epigenetic molecular linkage between Dnd1 and the suppression of testicular teratoma formation.
The utility of transcriptomics in fish conservation
Authors: Connon Richard E. , Jeffries Ken M. , Komoroske Lisa M. , Todgham Anne E. , Fangue Nann A.
Published: January 2018

There is growing recognition of the need to understand the mechanisms underlying organismal resilience (i.e. tolerance, acclimatization) to environmental change to support the conservation management of sensitive and economically important species. Here, we discuss how functional genomics can be used in conservation biology to provide a cellular-level understanding of organismal responses to environmental conditions. In particular, the integration of transcriptomics with physiological and ecological research is increasingly playing an important role in identifying functional physiological thresholds predictive of compensatory responses and detrimental outcomes, transforming the way we can study issues in conservation biology. Notably, with technological advances in RNA sequencing, transcriptome-wide approaches can now be applied to species where no prior genomic sequence information is available to develop species-specific tools and investigate sublethal impacts that can contribute to population declines over generations and undermine prospects for long-term conservation success. Here, we examine the use of transcriptomics as a means of determining organismal responses to environmental stressors and use key study examples of conservation concern in fishes to highlight the added value of transcriptome-wide data to the identification of functional response pathways. Finally, we discuss the gaps between the core science and policy frameworks and how thresholds identified through transcriptomic evaluations provide evidence that can be more readily used by resource managers.
Integration of celestial compass cues in the central complex of the locust brain
Authors: Pegel Uta , Pfeiffer Keram , Homberg Uwe
Published: January 2018

Many insects rely on celestial compass cues such as the polarization pattern of the sky for spatial orientation. In the desert locust, the central complex (CX) houses multiple sets of neurons, sensitive to the oscillation plane of polarized light and, thus, likely acts as an internal polarization compass. We investigated whether other sky compass cues like direct sunlight or the chromatic gradient of the sky might contribute to this compass. We recorded from polarization-sensitive CX neurons while an unpolarized green or UV light spot was moved around the head of the animal. All types of neuron that were sensitive to the plane of polarization (E-vector) above the animal also responded to the unpolarized light spots in an azimuth-dependent way. The tuning to the unpolarized light spots was independent of wavelength, suggesting that the neurons encode solar azimuth based on direct sunlight and not on the sky chromatic gradient. Two cell types represented the natural 90°-relationship between solar azimuth and zenithal E-vector orientation, providing evidence to suggest that solar azimuth information supports the internal polarization compass. Most neurons showed advances in their tuning to the E-vector and the unpolarized light spots dependent on rotation direction, consistent with anticipatory signaling. The amplitude of responses and its variability were dependent on the level of background firing, possibly indicating different internal states. The integration of polarization and solar azimuth information strongly suggests that besides the polarization pattern of the sky, direct sunlight might be an important cue for sky compass navigation in the locust.
Exercise Effects on Adipose Tissue Postprandial Lipolysis and Blood Flow in Children
Authors: YAN HUIMIN , PIERCE JOSEPH R. , MYERS KIMBERLY B. , DUBOSE KATRINA D. , DUBIS GABRIEL S. , TANNER CHARLES J. , HICKNER ROBERT C.
Published: January 2018

Poor suppression of lipolysis and blunted increase in blood flow after meal ingestion in obese adults may indicate resistance to the antilipolytic action of insulin. Exercise may be used to normalize lipolytic responses to food intake by increasing insulin sensitivity.

Purpose

To determine if acute bouts of aerobic exercise and/or excise training alter lipolytic and blood flow responses to food intake in lean (LN) and obese (OB) children.

Methods

Sixty-five children (9–11 yr) were randomized into acute exercise (EX: 16 LN and 28 OB) or control (CON: 9 LN and 12 OB) groups that exercised (EX), or rested (CON) between standardized breakfast and lunch. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to monitor interstitial glycerol (lipolysis) and blood flow. Changes in interstitial glycerol and nutritive flow were calculated from dialysate samples before and after each meal. A subgroup (OB = 15 and LN = 9) from the acute exercise group underwent 16 wk of aerobic exercise training.

Results

Poor suppression of lipolysis and a blunted increase in adipose tissue nutritive blood flow in response to breakfast was associated with BMI percentile (r = 0.3, P < 0.05). These responses were normalized at lunch in the OB in the EX (P < 0.05), but not in OB in the CON. Sixteen weeks of exercise training did not improve meal-induced blood flow and marginally altered the antilipolytic response to the two meals (P = 0.06).

Conclusions

Daily bouts of acute aerobic exercise should be used to improve the antilipolytic and nutritive blood flow response to a subsequent meal in obese children.
Video-Recorded Validation of Wearable Step Counters under Free-living Conditions
Authors: TOTH LINDSAY P. , PARK SUSAN , SPRINGER CARY M. , FEYERABEND MCKENZIE D. , STEEVES JEREMY A. , BASSETT DAVID R.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 14-step counting methods under free-living conditions.

Methods

Twelve adults (mean ± SD age, 35 ± 13 yr) wore a chest harness that held a GoPro camera pointed down at the feet during all waking hours for 1 d. The GoPro continuously recorded video of all steps taken throughout the day. Simultaneously, participants wore two StepWatch (SW) devices on each ankle (all programmed with different settings), one activPAL on each thigh, four devices at the waist (Fitbit Zip, Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200, New Lifestyles NL-2000, and ActiGraph GT9X (AG)), and two devices on the dominant and nondominant wrists (Fitbit Charge and AG). The GoPro videos were downloaded to a computer and researchers counted steps using a hand tally device, which served as the criterion method.

Results

The SW devices recorded between 95.3% and 102.8% of actual steps taken throughout the day (P > 0.05). Eleven step counting methods estimated less than 100% of actual steps; Fitbit Zip, Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200, and AG with the moving average vector magnitude algorithm on both wrists recorded 71% to 91% of steps (P > 0.05), whereas the activPAL, New Lifestyles NL-2000, and AG (without low-frequency extension (no-LFE), moving average vector magnitude) worn on the hip, and Fitbit Charge recorded 69% to 84% of steps (P < 0.05). Five methods estimated more than 100% of actual steps; AG (no-LFE) on both wrists recorded 109% to 122% of steps (P > 0.05), whereas the AG (LFE) on both wrists and the hip recorded 128% to 220% of steps (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Across all waking hours of 1 d, step counts differ between devices. The SW, regardless of settings, was the most accurate method of counting steps.
Incomplete Disclosure: Evidence of Signaling and Countersignaling
Authors: Bederson Benjamin B. , Jin Ginger Zhe , Leslie Phillip , Quinn Alexander J. , Zou Ben
Published: January 2018

In 2011, Maricopa County adopted voluntary restaurant hygiene grade cards (A, B, C, D ). Using inspection results between 2007 and 2013, we show that only 58 percent of the subsequent inspections led to online grade posting. Although the disclosure rate in general declines with inspection outcome, higher-quality A restaurants are less likely to disclose than lower-quality A s. After examining potential explanations, we believe the observed pattern is best explained by a mixture of signaling and countersignaling: the better A restaurants use nondisclosure as a countersignal, while worse A s and better B s use disclosure to stand out from the other restaurants. (JEL D82, H75, I18, L15, L83, L88)
Revealed Preference with Limited Consideration
Authors: Demuynck Thomas , Seel Christian
Published: January 2018

We derive revealed preference tests for models where individuals use consideration sets to simplify their consumption problem. Our basic test provides necessary and sufficient conditions for consistency of observed choices with the existence of consideration set restrictions. The same conditions can also be derived from a model in which the consideration set formation is endogenous and based on subjective prices. By imposing restrictions on these subjective prices, we obtain additional refined revealed preference tests. We illustrate and compare the performance of our tests by means of a dataset on household consumption choices. (JEL D11, D12, M31)
Honest Equilibria in Reputation Games: The Role of Time Preferences
Authors: Kartal Melis
Published: January 2018

New relationships are often plagued with uncertainty because one of the players has some private information about her “type.” The reputation literature has shown that equilibria that reveal this private information typically involve breach of trust and conflict. But are these inevitable for equilibrium learning? I analyze self-enforcing relationships where one party is privately informed about her time preferences. I show that there always exist honest reputation equilibria, which fully reveal information and support cooperation without breach or conflict. I compare these to dishonest reputation equilibria from several perspectives. My results are applicable to a broad class of repeated games. (JEL C73, D82, D83, D86, Z13)
Kostis Kornetis, Eirini Kotsovili and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds. Consumption and Gender in Southern Europe since the Long 1960s
Authors: Gomez-del-Moral Alejandro Jose
Published: January 2018

Kostis Kornetis, Eirini Kotsovili, and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds. Consumption and Gender in Southern Europe since the Long 1960s. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. xvi + 280 pp.
Border Crossing and Medicine: Quarantine, Detention and Containment in History and the Present, 2–4 February 2017
Authors: Trubeta Sevasti
Published: January 2018

International conference on "Border Crossing and Medicine: Quarantine, Detention and Containment in History and the Present," 2–4 February 2017, Free University of Berlin
The thickness of time: the writing of history and appropriation of the past in Brazil, 1830-1930
Authors: Mollo Helena , Turin Rodrigo , Nicolazzi Fernando
Published: January 2018

The recent Brazilian history of historiography perceives the period from 1830 to 1930 as a decisive one for the development of Brazilian historiography, be it for the definition of the disciplinary protocols that frame the historian’s work or for the emergence of problems concerning the disputes over and elaboration of a national identity. The importance of this century has already been established in works on the role of national institutions, such as the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB) and the National Museum, and in works on the discursive dimensions of historiographical practice. Thus, a new way to consider the experience of time has been proposed, resulting in a thoughtful understanding of the history of historiography and its field. Therefore, this article aims to offer an overview of the different modulations of temporal experience that appear in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Brazilian historiography, presenting some of the topoi that have organised and shaped it.