bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen loss processes in response to upwelling in a Peruvian
coastal setting dominated by denitrification
Authors: Schulz Kai G. , Achterberg Eric P. , Arístegui Javier , Bach Lennart T. , Baños Isabel , Boxhammer Tim , Erler Dirk , Igarza Maricarmen , Kalter Verena , Ludwig Andrea , Löscher Carolin , Meyer Jana , Meyer Judith , Minutolo Fabrizio , von der Esch Elisabeth , Ward Bess B. , Riebesell Ulf
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters make Eastern Boundary upwelling systems (EBUS), such as the Humboldt Current System, hotspots of marine productivity. Associated settling of organic matter to depth and consecutive aerobic de composition results in large sub-surface water volumes being oxygen-depleted. Under these circumstances organic matter remineralisation can continue via denitrification which represents a major loss pathway of bioavailable nitrogen. Another process removing significant amounts of nitrogen in these areas is anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Here we assess the interplay of suboxic water upwelling and nitrogen cycling in a manipulative off-shore mesocosm experiment. Measured denitrification rates in the oxygen-depleted bottom layer of the mesocosms mostly ranged between 5.5–20 (interquartile range), reaching up to 80 nmol N2 L−1 h−1. However, realised in-situ rates did most likely not exceed 0.6–1.6 nmol N2 L−1 h−1 (interquartile range), due to substrate limitation in the mesocosms. This was in contrast to realised rates in the surrounding Pacific. Both in the mesocosms and the Pacific Ocean anammox made only a minor contribution to overall nitrogen loss when encountered. Over the first 38 days of the experiment, total nitrogen loss calculated from denitrification and anammox rates was comparable to estimates from a full nitrogen budget in the mesocosms and ranged between ∼ 2–6 μmol N L−1. This represents up to ∼ 20 % of the initially bioavailable inorganic and organic nitrogen standing stocks. Interestingly, this loss is comparable to the total amount of particulate organic nitrogen that was exported into the sediment traps at the bottom of the mesocosms in about 20 metres depth. Altogether, this suggests that a significant portion, if not the majority of nitrogen that could be exported to depth, is already lost, i.e. converted to N2 in a relatively shallow layer of the surface ocean, provided oxygen-deficient conditions like during coastal upwelling in our study.
Strain to Ground Motion Conversion of DAS Data for
Earthquake Magnitude and Stress Drop
Determination
Authors: Lior Itzhak , Sladen Anthony , Mercerat Diego , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Rivet Diane , Sambolian Serge
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The use of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) presents unique advantages for earthquake monitoring compared with standard seismic networks: spatially dense measurements adapted for harsh environments and designed for remote operation. However, the ability to determine earthquake source parameters using DAS is yet to be fully established. In particular, resolving the magnitude and stress drop, is a fundamental objective for seismic monitoring and earthquake early warning. To apply existing methods for source parameter estimation to DAS signals, they must first be converted from strain to ground motions. This conversion can be achieved using the waves' apparent phase velocity, which varies for different seismic phases ranging from fast body-waves to slow surface- and scattered-waves. To facilitate this conversion and improve its reliability, an algorithm for slowness determination is presented, based on the local slant-stack transform. This approach yields a unique slowness value at each time instance of a DAS time-series. The ability to convert strain-rate signals to ground accelerations is validated using simulated data and applied to several earthquakes recorded by dark fibers of three ocean-bottom telecommunication cables in the Mediterranean Sea. The conversion emphasizes fast body-waves compared to slow scattered-waves and ambient noise, and is robust even in the presence of correlated noise and varying wave propagation directions. Good agreement is found between source parameters determined using converted DAS waveforms and on-land seismometers for both P- and S-wave records. The demonstrated ability to resolve source parameters using P-waves on horizontal ocean-bottom fibers is key for the implementation of DAS based earthquake early warning, which will significantly improve hazard mitigation capabilities for offshore and tsunami earthquakes.
Homicide attempt due to medication induced mania
Authors: Berry Jordan , Mokhber Naghmeh , Prakash Arun , Prakash Ajay , Zamprogna Julie
Published: January 2021

Bipolar disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by fluctuations in mood, with depressive symptoms generally dominating the course of disorder. Research on the efficacy of serotonergic antidepressants in bipolar depression is controversial and as a result, treatment of depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder is difficult. A particularly difficult situation arises when bipolar disorder is unrecognized and the depressive state is treated as major depressive disorder with the use of serotonergic antidepressants, which can result in the phenomenon of antidepressant induced mania (AIM). In this report, we present a case of antidepressant induced mania (AIM) with homicidal ideation after initiation of serotonergic antidepressants. Here, we discuss the importance of monitoring for bipolar disorder after prescribing serotonergic antidepressant therapy as well as medico-legal considerations.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Populations
Authors: Luciw Sarah
Published: January 2021

Most pediatric cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are asymptomatic or mild in disease severity, with few deaths reported worldwide. The most commonly reported symptoms in children include fever and cough. A notable portion of infected pediatric patients are asymptomatic in clinical presentation, and children may therefore significantly contribute to overall disease transmission rates as asymptomatic carriers – an important public health consideration as schools and other public spaces are reopened. Additionally, there has been an increased incidence of reports of pediatric chilblain-like lesions and of a newly emerging inflammatory condition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), both of which are temporally associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, in efforts to limit disease transmission, strict public health measures have been implemented globally, including school closures and stay-at-home orders, which may have had inadvertent negative effects on the pediatric population, including decreased emergency department utilization, decreased routine vaccination administration, and adverse impacts on mental health.
Entorno familiar y deserción escolar
Authors: Amador Jesus David
Published: January 2021

La familia y la escuela, visualizadas como dos instituciones formativas del individuo, mantienen una relación dialéctica en la formación educativa del estudiante. Sin embargo, al presentarse alteraciones en el entorno familiar su incidencia en quienes se incorporan al ámbito educativo puede verse reflejada, como sucedió con estudiantes que desertaron del Programa Educativo (PE) de la Licenciatura en Trabajo Social (LTS), de la Universidad de Colima (UdeC). Algunos factores que desencadenaron la deserción escolar del estudiante fueron: la falta de apoyo moral y económico de sus padres, hermanos, tíos y abuelos, los cambios en las estructuras familiares en las que se desenvolvió, el desempleo laboral de quienes otorgan recursos a los estudiantes, así como los embarazos no planeados y de alto riesgo.
Lo femenino y la vivencia de la soledad. La vejez como etapa con fortalezas
Authors: De la Mata Agudo Carmen , Hernández Ascanio José
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la soledad en las mujeres y señalar la relación que existe entre las asignaciones culturales, el papel social de las mujeres y el efecto que esto tiene con relación a cómo se afronta la soledad. Se utilizará el “género” como categoría analítica y la teoría sexo-género por el valor epistemológico que aporta al análisis, y la vejez como una etapa de fortaleza. Los estudios sobre la soledad y sexo exponen la necesidad de continuar investigando, por ello, se invita a explorar cómo la 'socialización diferenciada' y los 'mandatos sociales de género' constituyen elementos importantes en la experiencia de las mujeres con la soledad, y cómo esto mismo puede constituir tras nuevas vinculaciones a las atribuciones impuestas al género y a la vejez, una línea de investigación que genere respuestas.
Trabajo Social Comunitario en materia de vivienda: redefinición y desafíos a partir de un estudio de caso
Authors: Morán Neches Lorena , Rodríguez Suárez Julio
Published: January 2021

La vivienda, como estructura central de la sociedad y derecho básico de la ciudadanía, representa un elemento clave para una vida digna, así como para la integración social. Su pérdida, por tanto, significa una carencia material y, al mismo tiempo, un proceso de ruptura que socava la estabilidad y la salud de quienes la viven en primera persona para acabar sumiéndolos en la exclusión. En esta coyuntura, el Trabajo Social se presenta como un agente idóneo y necesario para la intervención, no sólo sobre sus consecuencias, sino también sobre sus causas. En este artículo se expone un estudio de caso centrado en una intervención, basada en las metodologías de la profesión a nivel individual y comunitario, desarrollada en un proceso de desahucio colectivo en un pequeño poblado del norte de España. A partir de esta experiencia particular, se reflexiona acerca del papel deficitario que el Trabajo Social está cumpliendo en materia de vivienda, siguiendo la tendencia asistencialista de actuaciones puntuales que carecen de una continuidad e impacto real sobre la raíz del problema. Se concluye, así, la pertinencia de poner en marcha, especialmente al abordar procesos de desahucio, intervenciones desde una perspectiva integral y comunitaria, así como la necesidad de un posicionamiento profesional crítico que no pierda de vista el objetivo transformador de su práctica.
Adverbial reinforcement of demonstratives in dialectal German
Authors: Rauth Philipp , Speyer Augustin
Published: January 2021

In the German dialects of Rhine and Moselle Franconian, demonstratives are reinforced by locative adverbs do/lo ‘here/there’ in order to emphasize their deictic strength. Interestingly, these adverbs can also appear in the intermediate position, i.e., between the demonstrative and the noun (e.g. das do Bier ‘that there beer’), which is not possible in most other varieties of European German. Our questionnaire study and several written and oral sources suggest that reinforcement has become mandatory in demonstrative contexts. We analyze this grammaticalization process as reanalysis of do/lo from a lexical head to the head of a functional Index Phrase. We also show that a functional DP-shell can better cope with this kind of syntactic change and with certain serialization facts concerning adjoined adjectives.
Revisão por pares aberta
Authors: Pedri Patricia , Araújo Ronaldo Ferreira
Published: January 2021

Patricia Pedri e o Doutor Ronaldo Ferreira Araújo apresentam o conceito, os tipos, benefícios, recomendações e o contexto de surgimento da revisão por pares aberta.
The Development of Private Higher Education in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis between Northern and Southern Region
Authors: Muftahu Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Private higher education is experiencing a rapid considerable growth for decades globally, particularly in Africa. In Nigeria, the history and the development of private higher education precisely universities which is the focus of this paper started 20 years ago with the establishment of Igbinedion University in Okada, Edo State in 1999, followed by two other universities; Babcock University, Ileshan Remo, Ogun State, and Madonna University, Okija, Anambra State in the same year all in the southern part of the country. Comparatively, the American University of Nigeria Yola was established as the first private university in northern region 4 years later. Two years after, another four universities emerged namely Al-hakima University Ilorin, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Bingham University Karu Abuja, and Kwararafa University Wukari Taraba State. As of December, 2020, there are 16 private universities in the northern region with 11 at north-central, 3 in the northwest, and 2 in the northeast against 63 in the entire southern region comprasing three goe-politcal zones as well. This study intends to critically analyze the trend of these development to identify strategies, practices, and lessons learned between both regions for the spirit of educational development. Consequently, this study revealed the issues and difficulties in promoting private higher education include lack of awareness, lack of human resources, and cost of running in the country as a whole. In line with the identified challenges, the Nigerian government and policymakers are recommended to focus on creating an enabling environment to encourage the establishments of additional private universities more specifically in the northern region.
Successful Online Learning Experience: Perceptions of Chinese Undergraduate Students
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Jingya
Published: January 2021

This study explores perceptions of Chinese undergraduate students taking online courses amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Using semi-structured interviews after students’ completion of the online courses, the study yields certain findings. First, university administrators are expected to communicate more with students to hear their concerns and offer assistance accordingly. Second, instructors should incorporate more interactive activities to promote learning, create a relaxing learning environment, and provide a timely feedback to students. Third, undergraduate students should employ appropriate learning strategies that include: being an independent learner, making a self-regulated learning plan, managing time, and practicing self-motivation. Implications for online learning practices are discussed.
¿Qué piensan los traductores sobre la posedición? Un estudio basado en el método mixto sobre los tempores, las preocupaciones y las prefrencias en la posedición de traducción automática
Authors: Pérez Macías Lorena
Published: January 2021

La posedición de textos generados con traducción automática está cada vez más presente en el sector de la traducción. En este contexto, es esencial saber cómo este nuevo proceso en el mercado de la traducción ha impactado a los traductores profesionales. Varios estudios han recogido a lo largo de la última década información sobre las perspectivas en relación con la traducción automática y la posedición de los diferentes agentes implicados en el sector de la traducción, aunque son minoría los que se han interesado en la opinión de los traductores (OPTIMALE, 2011; Guerberof, 2012; Specia y Torres, 2012; Temizöz, 2013; Gaspari et al., 2015; Rossi y Chevrot, 2019; entre otros). Llegados a este punto, el objetivo de este trabajo es completar la visión general de lo que ya se ha analizado hasta la fecha sobre la percepción de los traductores profesionales respecto a la posedición de textos generados con traducción automática, con especial atención al caso de España. En particular, se presentarán datos relativos a sus principales temores, preocupaciones y preferencias en relación con esta actividad profesional.
Las consecuencias de la traducción automática neuronal en las lenguas de llegada
Authors: Sánchez-Gijón Pilar , Piqué Huerta Ramon
Published: January 2021

En este articulo se abordan las consecuencias del uso de la traducción automática neuronal entrenada a partir de corpus obtenidos de traducciones de géneros textuales específicos producidos en contextos profesionales concretos. Fenómenos como el translationese y el post-editese vinculados al uso de la traducción automática marcan la necesidad de orientar la investigación hacia nuevas maneras de abordar la calidad en la traducción profesional. Desde una perspectiva de salvaguarda de las lenguas en tanto que patrimonio cultural inmaterial, se plantean diversas cuestiones relacionadas con el efecto que puede tener, en las cultures y las lengua de llegada, el uso de la traducción automática, en términos de percepción y de calidad, y cómo su uso puede llegar a alterar el estándar de la lengua. Se apunta la necesidad de definir umbrales de calidad de la traducción que vayan más allá de los aspectos relacionados con la detección de errores, que es el tipo de correcciones de mayor viabilidad económica.
From armchair to table: online supermarkets as potential post-pandemic tourist attractions
Authors: Fusté-Forné Francesc
Published: January 2021

Food consumption is one of the most popular leisure and tourist activities, and is essential when traveling. This article discusses online supermarkets as a food tourism attraction in the context of the pandemic-related crisis, which is increasingly dominated by digital tourism and virtual travel. The study specifically focuses on online cheese tourism. The author analyses the cheese offering of an online supermarket in Spain, consisting of 120 kinds of cheese products. Results reveal the potential of online cheese tourism, predominantly based on quality cheeses. Various types of cheeses are described, with emphasis on their country of origin. The article contributes to the conceptualisation of digital food tourism practices in post-pandemic tourism. Online supermarkets are not only potential tourist attractions but they could also contribute to the growth of specific forms of food tourism, such as cheese tourism. The author argues that virtual experience is a driver of future trends in food tourism.
Rola miRNA w rozwoju wybranych nowotworów – potencjalne zastosowanie w diagnostyce*
Authors: Paciorek Patrycja , Żuberek Mariusz , Grzelak Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Streszczenie

MikroRNA (miRNA) są małymi cząsteczkami kwasu rybonukleinowego, które mimo że nie podlegają procesowi translacji, pełnią ważną funkcję regulacyjną w komórkach eukariotycznych. Ich fizjologiczną funkcją jest utrzymywanie homeostazy komórek. Zaburzona ekspresja miRNA może spowodować rozwój wielu chorób, w tym chorób nowotworowych. Działanie miRNA polega na hamowaniu tworzenia się białek, w tym białek o właściwościach onkogennych i antyonkogennych. Mutacje w miejscach kodowania miRNA mogą prowadzić do nadmiernego lub zmniejszonego wytwarzania wspomnianych białek. Odkrycie miRNA i poznanie ich roli w komórce otworzyło nowe możliwości dla diagnostyki chorób nowotworowych. Zmiany poziomu odpowiednich miRNA, w krwiobiegu lub innych płynach ustrojowych, mogą być markerem diagnostycznym chorób. Diagnostyka onkologiczna mogłaby przebiegać na podstawie badań profilu miRNA pacjenta i porównania go z opracowanymi wcześniej profilami zmian miRNA powiązanymi z występowaniem danego rodzaju choroby nowotworowej. Informacja o zmianach profilu miRNA podstawowych w regulacji ekspresji genów związanych z procesami nowotworzenia, mogłaby się przyczynić do opracowania terapii eksperymentalnych opartych na przywróceniu pierwotnego poziomu miRNA w komórkach, a tym samym, na przywróceniu prawidłowej regulacji ekspresji genów. Coraz nowsze metody wyciszania i włączania ekspresji miRNA mogą w przyszłości zaowocować skutecznymi rozwiązaniami terapeutycznymi.
Does the location of inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract determine the clinical course of Crohn’s disease?
Authors: Banasik Julia , Padysz Milena , Pawłowicz Monika , Gąsiorowska Anita
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive system. The ileocecal region is most commonly involved. Recently, there have been reports about Crohn’s disease isolated to the colon, which may be associated with different clinical behaviour and the need for various treatment options.

Materials/Methods

The study included 305 patients with CD, 171 women (56%) and 134 men (44%), hospitalized at the Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital in Lodz. Among them, a group of 101 patients was identified with a lesion location only in the colon (L2) and 204 in the small intestine and colon (L1 and L3). An attempt was made to analyze patients with CD in terms of demographic data, clinical behavior of the disease and location of inflammatory lesions.

Results

Among the features distinguishing the location of inflammatory lesions isolated to the colon (L2), statistically significantly less frequent occurrence of stenoses (21% at L2 location to 79% at L3, p <0.01) was observed compared to other locations. Moreover, patients with location of L2 lesions required surgery less frequently (27% with L2 vs. 73% L1 with L3, p <0.05). It was also demonstrated that among all the subjects, 42 patients underwent appendectomy before the diagnosis of CD, which constituted 19% of the L2 group patients to 81% of the L1 and L3 group (p <0.05).

Conclusions

In CD there is a great diversity in the clinical behavior of the disease, which is undoubtedly related to its location. The obtained results indicate that in the group of patients with the location isolated to the colon, stenoses are less common and patients require surgery less frequently.
Association between perceived social support and occupational burnout in Greek nurses: A preliminary study
Authors: Chastali-Sitara M. , Alikari V. , Platis CH. , Tsironi M. , Zyga S. , Theofilou P.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To examine the relationship between perceived social support and burnout among nurses. Materials and methods: The participants of this study were 42 Greek nurses of a general hospital which were randomly selected. Data was collected using the Greek version of Maslach’s Burnout Inventory for burnout assessment and the Greek version of ‘The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support’ for the assessment of participants’ levels of perceived social support. A self-administered questionnaire with questions about socio-demographic and work-related characteristics was used. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient analysis were conducted. Results: The results showed a negative association between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and perceived social support, especially from friends. Social support from significant others found to have the highest impact while family support found to have the least impact in nurses’ social support. Conclusions: Findings could be applied to the assessment of burnout in Greek nurses and to future prevention of burnout through the enhancement of perceived social support.
The effect of family support and family conflict on treatment compliance in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hançerlioğlu S. , Toygar İ. , Çıray N. , Polat G. , Özbey Y. , Yıldırım Şimşir I. , Çetinkalp Ş.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of family support and family conflict on treatment compliance of type 2 diabetes patients.
Materials/Methods: The study was conducted in the endocrinology department of a university hospital. Data were collected from 174 individuals diagnosed with Type 2 DM. Patient Identification Form, Family Support and Conflict Scale in Type 2 Diabetes, and Patient Compliance Scale in Type 2 DM Treatment were used for data collection.
Results: It was found that the increase in family support increased compliance with the treatment,
and the increase in family conflict decreased the
compliance to the treatment. A statistically significant difference was found between gender (p = 0.037), place of residence (p <0.001), income level (p <0.001) and compliance. A statistically significant difference was found between marital status (p <0.001) and family support.
Conclusions: The increase in family support increases compliance to the treatment, the increase in family conflict decreases the compliance to the treatment.
NEW ECLIPSING BINARY TIMES OF MINIMA IN THE NORTHERN SKY MEASURED DURING THE YEAR 2020
Authors: Auer R.F.
Published: January 2021

We present 167 times of minima of 69 eclipsing binaries in the Northern Sky determined from differential, partly multicolor photometry, during the year 2020.
Inovação no ensino superior: um estudo comparativo sobre a educação inovadora em um curso de graduação
Authors: Bauermann Keter Fagundes , Garcia Carlos Alberto Xavier , Pastorio Eduardo
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo busca refletir sobre a inovação no ensino superior, ao considerar a mudança das propostas curriculares nos cursos de graduação, neste caso, no curso de Administração em uma Instituição de Ensino privada em São Gabriel/RS. Essa proposta proporciona ao aluno a experiência cobrada pelo mercado de trabalho. Diante deste contexto e importância buscou-se um estudo comparativo sobre a Educação Inovadora em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Com um estudo de caso, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva e de abordagem quali-quantitativa, através de método de observação e entrevistas buscou-se verificar qual a percepção dos alunos que migraram para o currículo da Graduação I e especificamente procurou-se  identificar os objetivos do novo currículo da IES através dos documentos oficiais; discutir a prática pedagógica por meio de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem; e analisar a  percepção que o professor tem do educando no processo de aprendizagem. Após o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi possível perceber que a nova metodologia de ensino, especificamente o componente curricular Projeto Integrador, preencheu uma lacuna no curso de graduação com relação a falta de interdisciplinaridade. Porém, existem muitos desafios a enfrentar com relação a comunicação do grupo e comprometimento constante dos alunos.
La Barraca Transfronteriza. Prácticas cinematográficas y política del escapar en la frontera española-marroquí
Authors: Riera-Retamero Marina , Estrada-Gorrín Ana Belén
Published: January 2021

¿Qué formas de agencia política puede ofrecer la ficción cinematográfica a las luchas por la libertad de movimiento actuales? El objetivo de este artículo es esbozar ángulos concretos de una propuesta teórica construida en torno a los procesos experimentados a través del colectivo audiovisual La Barraca Transfronteriza, en una búsqueda de aportar a estos procesos tanto una visión compleja como una reflexión metodológica. A partir de un conjunto de procesos experimentales de creación audiovisual proponemos una búsqueda de referentes metodológicos e históricos que sinteticen los aprendizajes de estas prácticas extrapolándolos más allá de las vivencias y el contexto en el que emergieron. No se trata sin embargo de manufacturar recetas de creación, sino más bien de afrontar cuestiones éticas en entornos de creación colaborativa donde se parte de lo irrepetible e inatrapable de la plena conciencia de los sujetos que intervienen en la creación, atendiendo a los propios procesos como espacios de apertura, a los modos de relación desde una perspectiva política, a los contextos y a las representaciones que se ponen en juego.

Which forms of political agency can cinematic fiction offer to the contemporary struggles for mobility rights? The purpose of this article is to shape specific angles for a theoretical proposal built during the trajectory of the audiovisual collective La Barraca Transfronteriza, in order to provide these processes with both a complex vision and a methodological reflection. In this paper we propose an inquiry of both methodological and historical references to synthesize the knowledge that emerges from specific political and cinematic practices by extrapolating them beyond the experiences and context in which they emerged. This paper does not aim however to manufacture recipes for creation, but rather approaching ethical issues in collaborative creation environments where the starting point is the unrepeatable and unattainable full awareness of the subjects involved in creation, by paying attention to the processes themselves as spaces of openness, to the modes of relationship from a political perspective, to the contexts and representations involved.
Diakoni som teologisk fagområde, videnskab og nyt universitetsfag i Danmark
Authors: Thorsen Jakob Egeris
Published: January 2021

Since 2014, the Department of Theology at Aarhus University has offered a 2-year, interdisciplinary MA-program in Diaconia (Christian Social Practice). Thereby, diaconia has officially become an academic subject in a Danish university. The author uses this occasion to provide a general introduction to diaconia and its role in church and theology, to the science of diaconia, and to the character of the new MA-program. The article centers on the apparent paradox that while diaconia is becoming an increasingly important theological concept, especially in ecclesiology, the diaconal field of practice is characterized by interdisciplinarity and secularization. The author argues that the science of diaconia should reflect that situation and make it the starting point for a continuing constructive analysis of the role and identity of diaconia in an increasingly pluralist context.
sounds of lockdown
Authors: Ward Meredith C.
Published: January 2021

Modes of listening tell us a great deal about how Americans are coping with the feelings of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking online listening culture in which amateur music remixers repurpose known pop songs to produce an effect of loneliness in virtual public spaces, this essay traces the movement of online sound subcultures from late 2010s YouTube into the modes of listening, employed by a much larger viewership on lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak of 2020. Analyzing the act of listening to empty public spaces online since the inception of a particular family of memes that ran from 2017-2018, the essay showcases how that music subculture prefi gured a wider response to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. Covering the psychological response to pandemic, its manifestations in phenomena, such as grief over the loss of public space as mediated by EarthCam, #StayHomeSounds, and the quieting of neighborhoods and cities, this essay shows how the range of modes in our listening network is evolving at this time. It also responds to how the social and emotional needs that arise during lockdown are met in forms of virtuality we have crafted to connect us to the wider world. Moreover, it emphasizes that virtuality crept into our connection with public space earlier than the pandemic – and that playing with the notion of nostalgia recreationally through online media before the pandemic made us better equipped to handle the pandemic’s isolation, when it came. Showcasing how alienation is at the root of both experiences, it also hypothesizes that mediated communion permits us both to engage with the inevitable loneliness and an ability to deal with it as time goes on.
Sleep/relax/work/study/read
Authors: Porfírio João Francisco
Published: January 2021

Sleeping is a basic need, but all persons have their own unique way of doing it. Some people need total silence, whereas others need the presence of specifi c sounds to fall asleep and enjoy a restful night. On YouTube, users share playlists and original compositions to promote sleepiness and relaxation and help people to get a good night’s sleep. Some of this content is also intended to help people study, work, or read, as indicated by the titles, descriptions, and tags that accompany the compositions. In this article, I examine YouTube as a source of sound, music, and other audiovisual content that aims to help people fall asleep. I also analyze the role of this type of content in the construction of listening spaces suitable for the activity of sleeping and look at why the same kind of compositions and genres of music are likewise recommended for other activities such as reading, working, or studying. The main argument is that this kind of content is the result of shared and distributed subjectivities constructed from the relationship between users, content, and producers. The alleged effectiveness of this kind of content comes from these subjectivities and from the audio characteristics that enable these videos to mask other sounds. For this reason, they can be considered to be orphic media with the capacity to build listening spaces that can function as sound asylums.
Virtual auditory reality
Authors: Findlay-Walsh Iain
Published: January 2021

This article examines popular music listening in light of recent research in auditory perception and spatial experience, record production, and virtual reality, while considering parallel developments in digital pop music production practice. The discussion begins by considering theories of listening and embodiment by Brandon LaBelle, Eric Clarke, Salomè Voegelin and Linda Salter, examining relations between listening subjects and aural environments, conceptualising listening as a process of environmental ‘inhabiting’, and considering auditory experience as the real-time construction of ‘reality’. These ideas are discussed in relation to recent research on popular music production and perception, with a focus on matters of spatial sound design, the virtual ‘staging’ of music performances and performing bodies, digital editing methods and effects, and on shifting relations between musical spatiality, singer-persona, audio technologies, and listener. Writings on music and virtual space by Martin Knakkergaard, Allan Moore, Ragnhild Brøvig-Hanssen & Anne Danielsen, Denis Smalley, Dale Chapman, Kodwo Eshun and Holger Schulze are discussed, before being related to conceptions of VR sound and user experience by Jaron Lanier, Rolf Nordahl & Niels Nilsson, Mel Slater, Tom Garner and Frances Dyson. This critical framework informs three short aural analyses of digital pop tracks released during the last 10 years - Titanium (Guetta & Sia 2010), Ultralight Beam (West 2016) and 2099 (Charli XCX 2019) - presented in the form of autoethnographic ‘listening notes’. Through this discussion on personal popular music listening and virtual spatiality, a theory of pop listening as embodied inhabiting of simulated narrative space, or virtual story-world, with reference to ‘aural-dominant realities’ (Salter), ‘sonic possible worlds’ (Voegelin), and ‘sonic fictions’ (Eshun), is developed. By examining personal music listening in relation to VR user experience, this study proposes listening to pop music in the 21st century as a mode of immersive, embodied ‘storyliving’, or ‘storydoing’ (Allen & Tucker).
La desconexión digital y docencia universitaria online en tiempos de pandemia por la COVID-19: una ilusión más que una realidad
Authors: Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: January 2021

La declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto que la actividad laboral sea realizada de forma telemática en los colectivos en los que ha sido posible. Uno de ellos es el ámbito universitario, en el que el profesorado ha pasado de la presencialidad a la virtualidad. El derecho a la desconexión digital que contempló la Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales deja en el aire numerosas cuestiones que dificultan la aplicación de este derecho, junto a su ausencia de desarrollo en el contexto de la universidad. Nos proponemos en este trabajo reflexionar sobre lo que ha supuesto más una ilusión que una realidad, abordando las carencias, limitaciones y falta de garantías de este derecho, ya que en esta coyuntura que nos ha tocado vivir no hemos podido desconectar en ningún momento. Al respecto, debemos tener en cuenta que el escenario que nos hemos encontrado no ha ido acompañado de unas medidas, instrucciones y protocolos en donde el derecho a la desconexión digital se contemplara, y que el número de horas empleadas en la docencia online ha sido muy superior al habitualmente dedicado a la docencia presencial. Cuestiones como la dificultad de conciliación de la actividad laboral con la vida familiar en un marco de actividades virtuales con una hiperconexión continuada determinan que sea preciso el establecimiento de límites legales y personales para el ejercicio de este derecho a la desconexión digital, y que recientemente se han determinado en el Real Decreto Ley 28/2020, de 22 de septiembre, de trabajo a distancia.
Field and scholarly studies of calendar folklore of Novgorod region: results and prospects
Authors: Korolkova Inga
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on calendar-ceremonial folklore of Novgorod region as an important component of folklore song traditions of the region. The musical and poetical forms of the calendar are considered in terms of type, genre and realm. The author is the first to systematize the data about calendar folklore recordings made in Novgorod region by various collectors in the 1960s - 1990s. The author gives special attention to the results of field studies of Saint Petersburg Conservatory named after N.A. Rimski-Korsakov. The author introduces into scientific discourse a range of items of calendar folklore from the archive of the Conservatory (Maslenitsa, Christmas and Easter carols and yells). The specificity of Novgorod calendar traditions is connected with a special role of intoned yells serving a function of calling over ceremonial characters, and Christmas carols combining the features of folk and church melodics. Some folklore forms, recorded in Novgorod region, can be considered unique (the North-East Maslenitsa chants, the “Piper” song, the Easter callings). Taking into account the peculiarities of a genre composition of the calendar, the types of chants and the style features, the author outlines three historical-cultural zones in Novgorod region - the North-East, the South-West and the Central. The research results can be used for mapping  the calendar folklore chants of Russia’s North-West, and for the further study of music folklore traditions of Novgorod region together with other folklore genres.   
Philosophical and astronomical image of space in E. Artemiev’s music for A. Tarkovsky’s “Solaris”
Authors: Dombrauskene Galina Nikolaevna , Bolotin Dmitrii Nikolaevich
Published: January 2021

The authors attempt to reveal the internal interconnection of a traditional mythologem of space with the ideas of a modern astronomical reality in the music by E. Artemiev written for A. Tarkovsky’s movie “Solaris”. The mythologem of space gained its features back within the ancient worldview and formed a sort of a semiotic complex which can be considered as a combination of various symbols connected with basic natural forces, basic forms and numbers. This mythologem was embodied in various art forms, including the music of various historical epochs. Surprisingly, in contemporary culture, which has much wider knowledge of physical (astronomical) space, the ancient ideas of microcosm and macrocosm are still functioning, along with the medieval religious ideas of eternity, metaphysical searches for new spirituality, the divine-humanity of cosmism adherents, etc. Based on M.M. Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope, the authors develop the model of chronotope analysis represented in the form of a table (G. N. Dombruaskene) which allows considering the movie within a vector space, in which the main vectors - the two basic directions - are the chronometry and the chronotope. The table format demonstrates the semantic moments related to space which emerge at the crossing of the three key parameters of the movie: verbal, visual and musical. The full chronotropic, semiotic and computer-based analysis with the sonograms of music examples (D.N. Bolotin) helps to reveal in each space-related fragment of the movie the music and artistic means of expression of its philosophical and astronomical characteristics.
Law and social theory: problem of dialectical connection in the works of philosophers of the XIX – XX centuries
Authors: Kovalev Andrei Andreevich
Published: January 2021

This article examines the problem of correlation and dialectical connection between the theories of social being and law in the works of the prominent philosophers of the XIX – XX centuries (Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, Georges Gurvitch, Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, Niklas Luhmann, Jürgen Habermas, and others) who worked at the intersection of several fields of social sciences and made significant contribution to the theory of state and law. These scholars predicted multiple problems of modernity; therefore, reference to their theoretical heritage is valuable in the search of new legal understanding, the need for which has existed for a long time. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of views of the leading theoreticians who dealt with the correlation between law and social sciences. Social in the social sciences was often considered from the perspective of evolution of human relations. The essence of the social was revealed in various types of cohesion of population or connectedness between the members of social groups. In such relations, an important element was morality, which emerged much earlier than law. Morality emerged with the conception of the social, while law – only with the advent of the state. The classical social theories of the late XIX – early XX centuries, identified the concept of “society” mostly with the politically organized and territorially restricted society of the modern Western national state.
Repeated outbreaks drive the evolution of bacteriophage communication
Authors: Doekes Hilje M , Mulder Glenn A , Hermsen Rutger
Published: January 2021

Recently, a small-molecule communication mechanism was discovered in a range ofBacillus-infecting bacteriophages, which these temperate phages use to inform their lysis-lysogeny decision. We present a mathematical model of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of such viral communication and show that a communication strategy in which phages use the lytic cycle early in an outbreak (when susceptible host cells are abundant) but switch to the lysogenic cycle later (when susceptible cells become scarce) is favoured over a bet-hedging strategy in which cells are lysogenised with constant probability. However, such phage communication can evolve only if phage-bacteria populations are regularly perturbed away from their equilibrium state, so that acute outbreaks of phage infections in pools of susceptible cells continue to occur. Our model then predicts the selection of phages that switch infection strategy when half of the available susceptible cells have been infected.
Global and local tension measurements in biomimetic skeletal muscle tissues reveals early mechanical homeostasis
Authors: Hofemeier Arne D , Limon Tamara , Muenker Till Moritz , Wallmeyer Bernhard , Jurado Alejandro , Afshar Mohammad Ebrahim , Ebrahimi Majid , Tsukanov Roman , Oleksiievets Nazar , Enderlein Jörg , Gilbert Penney M , Betz Timo
Published: January 2021

Tension and mechanical properties of muscle tissue are tightly related to proper skeletal muscle function, which makes experimental access to the biomechanics of muscle tissue formation a key requirement to advance our understanding of muscle function and development. Recently developed elastic in vitro culture chambers allow for raising 3D muscle tissue under controlled conditions and to measure global tissue force generation. However, these chambers are inherently incompatible with high-resolution microscopy limiting their usability to global force measurements, and preventing the exploitation of modern fluorescence based investigation methods for live and dynamic measurements. Here, we present a new chamber design pairing global force measurements, quantified from post-deflection, with local tension measurements obtained from elastic hydrogel beads embedded in muscle tissue. High-resolution 3D video microscopy of engineered muscle formation, enabled by the new chamber, shows an early mechanical tissue homeostasis that remains stable in spite of continued myotube maturation.
Regulatory roles of Escherichia coli 5' UTR and ORF-internal RNAs detected by 3' end mapping
Authors: Adams Philip P , Baniulyte Gabriele , Esnault Caroline , Chegireddy Kavya , Singh Navjot , Monge Molly , Dale Ryan K , Storz Gisela , Wade Joseph T
Published: January 2021

Many bacterial genes are regulated by RNA elements in their 5´ untranslated regions (UTRs). However, the full complement of these elements is not known even in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. Using complementary RNA-sequencing approaches, we detected large numbers of 3´ ends in 5´ UTRs and open reading frames (ORFs), suggesting extensive regulation by premature transcription termination. We documented regulation for multiple transcripts, including spermidine induction involving Rho and translation of an upstream ORF for an mRNA encoding a spermidine efflux pump. In addition to discovering novel sites of regulation, we detected short, stable RNA fragments derived from 5´ UTRs and sequences internal to ORFs. Characterization of three of these transcripts, including an RNA internal to an essential cell division gene, revealed that they have independent functions as sRNA sponges. Thus, these data uncover an abundance of cis- and trans-acting RNA regulators in bacterial 5´ UTRs and internal to ORFs.
Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: the roles of mitochondrial transfer RNA variants
Authors: Ding Yu , Zhuo Guangchao , Guo Qinxian , Li Meiya
Published: January 2021

Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) was a common maternally inherited disease causing severe and permanent visual loss which mostly affects males. Three primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, ND1 3460G>A, ND4 11778G>A and ND6 14484T>C, which affect genes encoding respiratory chain complex I subunit, are responsible for >90% of LHON cases worldwide. Families with maternally transmitted LHON show incomplete penetrance with a male preponderance for visual loss, suggesting the involvement of secondary mtDNA variants and other modifying factors. In particular, variants in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) are important risk factors for LHON. These variants decreased the tRNA stability, prevent tRNA aminoacylation, influence the post-transcriptionalmodification and affect tRNA maturation. Failure of mt-tRNA metabolism subsequently impairs protein synthesis and expression, folding, and function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, which aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction that is involved in the progression and pathogenesis of LHON. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of mt-tRNA biology and function, as well as the reported LHON-related mt-tRNA second variants; it also discusses the molecular mechanism behind the involvement of these variants in LHON.
Analysis of Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Leaves Extracts from Tamarindus indica Using FT-IR and GC-MS Spectroscopy
Authors: Mehdi Mansour Abdulnabi H. , Alawi Abdul-hakim M. A. Al- , Thabet Ahmed Zain A. , Alarabi Fadel Y. S. , Omar Gozif Mohammed N. , Pradhan Vidya
Published: January 2021

Tamarindus indica is one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of various diseases traditionally.

Aims: This study was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents of T. indica leaf extracts. Methods: Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identification of bioactive compounds in extracts of T. indica.

Results: The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of alcohol group, alkene group, amine group, carbonates, ethers, carboxylic acid and disulfides in both extracts.

A total of 22 and 38 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of T. indica, respectively. The major bioactive compounds of the ethanolic extract of T. indica leaves were cis-Vaccenic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, Oleic Acid, Octadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl ester, Eicosanoic acid and Eicosane, 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, 10-Methylnonadecane. While the major bioactive compounds of the aqueous extract were 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, Myo-Inositol, 4C-methyl-, Myo-Inositol, 2-C-methyl-, Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-, 1,3-Dioxolane, Ethanol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-, and 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 2-Hexanol, 2-methyl-, Ethanamine, N-methyl.