bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Caffeine from Scurrula ferruginea Jack Danser (Coffee Parasite) as a Sunscreen in Lotion Formula
Authors: Marzuki Iswani , Nasution Rosnani , Bahi Muhammad , Marianne Marianne
Published: April 2022

This research aims to determine the sunscreen activity of the extract, extract lotion, subfraction, and pure compound of Scurrula ferruginea Jack Danser and to determine the physical properties of the extract lotion. S. ferruginea was extracted by the maceration method using ethanol solvent. The sunscreen activity was evaluated using the spectrophotometric method and calculated by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The results of elucidation structure by using GC-MS and FTIR, the pure compound was suspected as a caffeine compound. This caffeine has a good sunscreen activity with an SPF value of 21.358 ± 0.011. The results of the SPF value of the extract, extract lotion, subfractions (A-E), and subfractions (A-E) lotion was range of 32.270 ± 0.227 to 38.171 ± 0.440; 21.358 ± 0.098 to 34.665 ± 0.315; 27.383 ± 0.407 to 34.719 ± 0.162 and 23.448 ± 0.147 to 32.039 ± 0.171 at concentrations of 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 12%, respectively. The SPF value of the extract, extract lotion, subfraction, and pure compound are included in the ultra category. The results of physical properties of the extract lotion meet the standards set by Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 1996.
Adaptive neural network surrogate model for solving the implied volatility of time-dependent American option via Bayesian inference
Authors: Qian Yiyuan , Zhang Kai , Li Jingzhi , Wang Xiaoshen
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose an adaptive neural network surrogate method to solve the implied volatility of American put options, respectively. For the forward problem, we give the linear complementarity problem of the American put option, which can be transformed into several standard American put option problems by variable substitution and discretization in the temporal direction. Thus, the price of the option can be solved by primal-dual active-set method using numerical transformation and finite element discretization in spatial direction. For the inverse problem, we give the framework of the general Bayesian inverse problem, and adopt the direct Metropolis-Hastings sampling method and adaptive neural network surrogate method, respectively. We perform some simulations of volatility in the forward model with one- and four-dimension to compare the point estimates and posterior density distributions of two sampling methods. The superiority of adaptive surrogate method in solving the implied volatility of time-dependent American options are verified.
Oil prices and the natural gas liquids markets
Authors: Jadidzadeh Ali , Serletis Apostolos
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the impact of oil market structural shocks on the prices of natural gas liquids (NGLs), including ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline, over the period from January 1985 to April 2020. To identify the structural demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market, we use a vector autoregression model and assume that the innovations to the real price of crude oil are predetermined with respect to the local NGLs markets. Our results show that, in the long run, more than 55% of the variation in the real price of NGLs is explained by the structural shocks in the global crude oil market. We also find that, unlike oil supply shocks, demand-side shocks have permanent and persistent impacts on NGLs' real prices and should be of main concern to investors aiming to develop gas wells and NGLs producing technologies.
Hedge accounting: results and opportunities for future studies
Authors: dos Santos Geovane Camilo , Zambra A. Pablo , Perez Lopez Jose Angel
Published: April 2022

This study identifies the main results and research opportunities based on 52 hedge accounting-related studies, published in Scopus indexing journals from 2007-2019. The study was classified in five investigation groups based on their main topic, with Risk Management and Hedge Accounting being the topic most studied (18) and Regulatory Environment the least studied (six). The results show that during the period analysed, the journal with the largest number of publications on hedge accounting is in the United States of American and the most common origin of the journals is the United Kingdom (21). We have identified different research opportunities for each of the five groups and some general opportunities. The main opportunities relate to comparatives researches, considering samples from different countries, the development of methodologies for teaching hedge accounting and models for effectiveness measurement, the study of enterprise risk and disclosure analysis, and research on the impact of Covid-19 on hedge accounting through risk management. The study differs by identifying five classification groups for papers on hedge accounting, since prior studies didn't carry out such classification. The groups are: i) Regulatory Environment, ii) Academic Research, iii) Evolution of Hedge Accounting and Disclosure, iv) Hedge Effectiveness and v) Risk Management and Hedge Accounting. Furthermore, this study is, to our knowledge, the first bibliometric review done about hedge accounting. The paper is relevant to researchers because it points out opportunities for future studies, enabling the production of new research for a topic considered to be complex.
Effects of temperature on expansion of concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction: A simplified numerical approach
Authors: Kawabata Y. , Dunant C. , Nakamura S. , Yamada K. , Kawakami T.
Published: April 2022

The effects of temperature on the expansion behavior of concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) were assessed through a simplified numerical analysis. Numerical models were constructed based on findings from a literature review. A simplified damage model was implemented to capture interactions between the viscoelasticity of the ASR gel and microstructural damage of the aggregate and paste. The parameters of the damage model were identified by fitting the simulated results to the experimental data. The results indicate that for a given reaction ratio, expansion ability is reduced at higher temperatures during the early and late stages of expansion. The results demonstrate that explicit modeling of chemo-mechanical interactions is important to achieve accurate numerical predictions of expansion behavior.
MOOCs in Smart Education: Comparative Study by Applying AHP and COPRAS Method
Authors: Dehbi Amine , Bakhouyi Abdellah , Dehbi Rachid , Talea Mohamed
Published: April 2022

The current educational system radically changed during the last years and con-tinues to grow. The Smart education is now a typical feature of education issue from a new information and communication technologies and of the introduction of these new technologies in the institutional learning. The introduction of these technologies in education has been associated with a rise evolution of people's quality of life by improving teaching and learning. MOOCs, are some of the re-cent technologies, which have been introduced recently in the higher education sector.

This article focuses on the level of intelligence introduced into the online teaching and learning process. Different MOOCs will be presented, compared and analyzed according to a comparative study of multicriteria analysis by apply-ing decision analysis methods; Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Com-plex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS) to show the importance of MOOC platforms and their impact in smart education.
Use and Knowledge of ICTs in Inclusive Education at Educational Levels
Authors: Huamán-Romaní Yersi Luis , Burga-Falla José Manuel , Soria-Ruiz Nery Sofía , Juro-García Ramiro , Raymundo-Balvin Yausef
Published: April 2022

La inclusión de personas con capacidades especiales no solo debe ser un derecho sino también un deber moral por parte del Estado, porque todos tienen derecho a ser educados de la misma forma que los demás; por tal motivo, nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo medir el nivel de conocimiento docente sobre educación inclusiva en los niveles educativos del Perú en tiempos del Covid-19, la investigación es descriptiva, correlacional, predictiva y cuantitativa. Se encontró a un total de 520 docentes de los niveles preescolar, primario, secundario, universitario y de posgrado. La encuesta está compuesta por 25 preguntas divididas en cinco bloques sobre conocimientos de las TIC en discapacidades visuales, auditivas, cognitivas, motoras y de accesibilidad web;este instrumento fue elaborado con una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos y con un nivel de conocimiento muy bajo, bajo, alto y muy alto. Los resultados muestran un Alfa de Cronbach .974, el factor exploratorio de rotación varimax con media 2.906 y varianza 1.333, la prueba de no aditividad de Tukey, la prueba de no aditividad. la prueba de T cuadrado de Hoteling, la prueba de KMO y de Bartlett, la prueba de esfericidad y bondad de ajuste de Bartlett son excelentes y significativas. En conclusión, el nivel de conocimiento docente sobre educación inclusiva en los niveles educativos en tiempos de Covid-19 está por debajo de lo esperado.
Artificial Intelligence in Education Research During The Last Ten Years: A Review and Bibliometric Study
Authors: Prahani Binar Kurnia , Rizki Iqbal Ainur , Jatmiko Budi , Suprapto Nadi , Tan Amelia
Published: April 2022

Research on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has increased rapidly in recent years, so efforts are needed to understand the status of trends and their development to support and focus these trends. The specific objectives of this study are to analyze document type, source document, contributed country, language, top affiliation, sponsorship funding, top source title, subject area, research station, visualization of mapping research trends across and top 50 cited publications, reviewing some of the top-cited publications on AIED research over the last ten years using bibliometric analysis. The metadata used is the Scopus database and a mapping application using VOSviewer with 457 documents. The bibliometric results show that the development of AIED research has increased exponentially over the last five years. The most common types of documents are articles, journal document sources, and China's most productive country. English being the most significant language, the most prolific author was Kalles, D, some of the top prolific affiliates with four publications, while the most sponsored funding was the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Science Foundation. “Journal of Physics: Conference Series” is the primary source, the most research subject area is Computer Science, for the top-cited author is Holmes, W. Mapping of research trends shows that AIED research trends in the last ten years are: 1) it's an application to students; 2) the subject of education in engineering educations; 3) teaching methods; 4) e-learning based education; 5) education system; 6) curriculum included AI. AIED integration could revolutionize the education system.
Investigating Learners' Experience of Autonomous Learning in E-learning Context
Authors: Khan Raja Muhammad Ishtiaq , Ali Ashraf , Alourani Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Autonomous learning has been identified as an effective mechanism for learning. Its importance in learning has mainly been studied by placing its diverse elements and functions in supporting and encouraging learner autonomy. The Outbreak of COVID-19 has signified its significance in the learning process. This study aims to investigate the learners' potential ability of the practices of autonomous learning during the implementation of E-learning. The research was carried out using a quantitative technique and a questionnaire design. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.  The results of the data analysis suggested that the learners who took part in the research appeared to have a clear viewpoint on the potential ability of autonomous learning.
DLMA_NEU: Digital Literacy Mobile Application for Children
Authors: Nawaila Muhammad Bello , Kanbul Sezer , Kani Umar Mohammed , Magaji Mohammed Mukhtar
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the design and implementation of DLMA_NEU, adigital literacy mobile application for Android that targets children between ages 7 and 18. It is a developmental study aimed at designing a digital literacy mobile application the study conducted in the following three phases: Phase 1. Literature review; mobile application store search, and interviewing experts in children’s digital literacy, Phase 2 Smart phones app development and Phase 3 Accessing the functionality and usability of the app. Thirty students from Near East College and 5 experts were used throughout the research process. The App is the first digital literacy mobile application in Turkish.DLMA_NEUemploys children’s opinions and also adds the interactive option. To use the application, a child is required to register first.And to provide representation, the application currently supports two languages (English and Turkish). The application supports chatting with friends, and educates children (via videos, text, cartoons and jokes) on how to interact online. The application also serves as an avenue for children to report cyber bullying and other online issues as well assimultaneously acquiring informationon internet usage habits. DMLA_NEU is currently at the testing stage by children from TRCN.
Face Patterns Analysis and Recognition System Based on Quantum Neural Network QNN
Authors: Alrikabi Haider Th.Salim , A. Aljazaery Ibtisam , Qateef Jaafar Sadiq , Alaidi Abdul Hadi M. , Al_airaji Roa'a M.
Published: April 2022

The past few years have witnessed a huge increase in the application of facial recognition, detection, and analysis technology. However, face recognition systems remain the most popular among the general public. The facial recognition system can detect the presence of a face when exposed to one. The accuracy and fairness that can be derived from such systems necessitate their use, because humans, particularly security personnel can be tired and target the wrong person as a suspect. However, artificial intelligence systems that are properly trained are capable of efficiently identifying and classifying faces without errors. In this work, the use of Matlab language was employed in building a software system that is capable of recognizing and differentiating different face patterns. The proposed system is equipped with a camera that serves as the practical aspect of the software that captures different shots that are sent to the theoretical part of a special program that is designed to recognize faces by comparing them with a database stored within the program. The practical part of the work involved the use of Quantum Neural Network. In this work, the training dataset is made up of features vectors that were obtained from a well-known set of face images of different people. Here, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used for the extraction of feature vectors from images and then prepared for the next training step. The experimental results revealed that efficient face recognition can be achieved through the use of well-trained Quantum Network.
Les contrats d’apprentissage et leurs alternatives dans la formation des organistes et des facteurs d’orgues italiens (1400-1550)
Authors: Perina Hugo
Published: April 2022

La professionnalisation des organistes et des facteurs d’orgues se mesure par l’abondance des contrats d’embauche d’organistes et de commande d’instruments pour les églises urbaines les plus importantes. Paradoxalement, les contrats d’apprentissage connus pour ces métiers sont très rares. Cet article expose donc plusieurs voies de transmission non contractuelles ou extraprofessionnelles pour retracer la formation des artisans et des musiciens liés à l’orgue dans l’Italie de la Renaissance (1400-1550) : milieu familial, cursus clérical, ou passage depuis un autre métier
The Validation of Auto Rickshaw Model for Frontal Crash Studies Using Video Capture Data
Authors:   SASTRA, Selvaraju Ragul , SIDDESWARAN SHABARIRAJ ,   SASTRA, Sankarasubramanian Hariharan ,   SASTRA
Published: April 2022

Despite being Auto rickshaws are the most important public transportation around Asian countries and especially in India, the safety standards and regulations have not been established as much as for the car segment. The Crash simulations have evolved to analyze the vehicle crashworthiness since crash experimentations are costly. The work intends to provide the validation for an Auto rickshaw model by comparing frontal crash simulation with a random head-on crash video. MATLAB video processing tool has been used to process the crash video, and the impact velocity of the frontal crash is obtained. The vehicle modelled in CATIA is imported in the LS-DYNA software simulation environment to perform frontal crash simulation at the captured speed. The simulation is compared with the crash video at 5, 25, and 40 milliseconds respectively. The comparison shows that the crash pattern of simulation and real crash video are similar in detail. Thus the modelled Auto-rickshaw can be used in the future to validate the real-time crash for providing the scope of improvement in Three-wheeler safety.
Metamodel Generation for Frontal Crash Scenario of a Passenger Car
Authors:   SASTRA Deemed to be University, Selvaraju Ragul , Shankar Hari ,   Sastra Deemed to be University, Sankarasubramanian Hariharan ,   Sastra Deemed to be University
Published: April 2022

A frontal impact scenario was simulated using a Finite Element Model of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male (LSTC, Livermore CA) along with seatbelt, steering system and driver airbags. The boundary conditions included acceleration pulse to the seat and the outputs including injury measures in terms of Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Normalized Neck Injury Criterion (NIJ) and Chest Severity Index (CSI) were extracted from the simulations. The kinematics of the Hybrid III were validated against the kinematics of post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) available in the literature. Using the validated setup, metamodels were generated by creating a design of varying different parameters and recording the responses for each design. First, the X and Z translation of dummy along the seat is provided as input for which there was no variation in the head injury criterion (HIC). Next, the input pulse to the seat is parameterized along with the seatbelt loading and the results are obtained respectively. The outputs, in terms of injury measures, are generated in the form of metamodels as a function of the parameters. The occupant model used for the frontal crash scenario in LS-Dyna is validated against the previously available crash experimental data. A total of 100 design points was generated with a varying combination of parameters. An increase in various injury measures was observed with an increase in the scale factor of the acceleration pulse. Also, it was found that chest severity index increased with an increase in the scale factor of the seat belt loading force.
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , Baqui Abdullah H. , Benfield Thomas , Bosurgi Raffaella , Godlee Fiona , Hancocks Stephen , Horton Richard , Laybourn-Langton Laurie , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Norman Ian , Patrick Kirsten , Praities Nigel , Rikkert Marcel GM Olde , Rubin Eric J. , Sahni Peush , Smith Richard , Talley Nick , Turale Sue , Vázquez Damián
Published: April 2022

No abstract
Assessment of the psychological dimension to open defecation in Ogun State
Authors: Olapeju O.
Published: April 2022

The possibility of faecal exposure increasing risk for COVID-19 infection makes imperative the need to interrogate current sanitation practices, as emerging studies indicate the possibility that the oral-faecal pathway could serve as an alternative to the respiratory and contact transmissions. This would help provide an analytical premise for planned improvement and greater precaution in ensuring human waste is safely contained, emptied, transported, and disposed or treated. This study adopts the RANT model (Risk, Attitude, Norm, and Toilet Management factors) in order to expatiate on the psychological determinants of open defecation by households who currently have toilets and either share them or use them separately. This is with a view to proffering suggestions on the sustainable measures for faecal waste management within Ogun state, Nigeria. Using a four-level multi-stage approach, questionnaires were administered to a total of 330 households within Ogun State, Nigeria. In the logistic modelling of the psychological factors explaining why households still defecate in the open, an indicator of the risk factor was more significant in the tendency of households, where toilets are shared, to still defecate in the open. Moreover, an indicator of the norm factor would explain why households who do not share toilets still defecate in the open. The study recommends the need to mainstream, and implement effectively, initiatives such as planning and landscaping of open spaces, bus terminals with adequate toilets, installations of signpost warning against open defecation, comprehensive water schemes in cities’ master plans of Ogun state, as a sustainable means of discouraging open defecation, and reducing the risk factors for COVID-19 infection and exposure to other infectious diseases.
Seasonal pattern of resource conflict between farmers and herdsmen in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Abugu Nkechinyere Anthonia , Oladeinde Olufemi Stephen , Odele Muyiwa
Published: April 2022

There is sparse literature on seasonal pattern of farmers and herdsmen conflict in Benue State, Nigeria despite numerous links between climate change and resource conflict. Thus, this study was designed to assess the seasonal occurrence of armed conflict in Benue State and analyze the monthly death casualties of armed conflict in Benue state from 2010-2019. Data were collected from secondary sources such as report of Nigeria Police Force, Nigeria watch data base and Newspapers. Data were presented in tables and analyzed using descriptive statistic such as range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Result shows that monthly occurrence of armed conflict ranged from 0-20 times with mean value of 4.92 and 98% coefficient of variation. March has the highest number (20) of armed conflict occurrence followed by April and, then July. October had zero (0) record of armed conflict from 2010-2019. Similarly, the monthly conflict death was higher in dry than rainy season. Monthly death ranged from 0-590 with mean value of 106 deaths and 95 % coefficient of variation. It was concluded that both the frequency and death casualties of resource conflict in Benue State have seasonal pattern and were more in dry than rainy season. Intensification of resolution mechanisms and ranching were recommended.
Erratum: Caste Conflict in Nigeria: The Osu/Diala experience in Igboland, 1900-2017
Authors: Amalu Nneka Sophie , Abdullahi Yusuf , Demson Ekong
Published: April 2022

No Abstract
Challenges and solutions for the eradication of sanitation backlogs in the policy context of Free Basic Sanitation
Authors: Muanda C. , Goldin J. , Haldenwang R.
Published: April 2022

Despite the constitutional obligation for municipalities to provide Free Basic Sanitation (FBSan) services to all, many people living in informal settlements in South Africa are still lacking access to adequate sanitation facilities. This study used qualitative methods to examine challenges and identify solutions for the eradication of sanitation backlogs in informal settlement of South Africa in the policy context of the FBSan. Findings suggest that the disconnection between the policy and its application in practice has created a deep divide between the service providers and consumers as recipients of the services. Consumers’ perceptions and expectations are a major barrier to the acceptance of the sanitation services provided by municipalities, often resulting in violent protests. Service providers face challenges when addressing the disjuncture between what people aspire to and what is possible in providing sanitation services. These findings infer that consumers’ needs, sanitation practices and settlement conditions should be thoroughly examined prior to the selection and deployment of sanitation facilities in informal settlements. Consumers should be engaged and involved in the choice of sanitation technologies and facilities. Such engagement should evolve around various sanitation technologies and facilities applicable to the nature and context of informal settlements, so as to address negative perceptions, attitudes and behavior concerning services provided by municipalities. Addressing challenges related to the eradication of the sanitation backlogs in the policy context of FBSan services needs to be grounded in the clarification of sanitation policy, a deep understanding of consumers’ needs, challenges and practices as well as settlements conditions, coupled with meaningful consumers’ participation at various stages of the decision-making process and coordination amongst institutions involved. Municipalities need to engage all stakeholders (mainly consumers) in order to ensure that the selected infrastructure and service level deployed are consensual. Unless subjective clauses of the FBSan policy are clarified, monitoring, enforcement and accountability mechanisms established and implemented and, consumers are engaged in the decision making processes, the eradication of sanitation backlogs in informal settlements as currently planned may not materialize.
Islamic Social Reporting Factors For The Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks
Authors: Sukardi Budi , Widiatmini Widiatmini , Fachrurazi Fachrurazi
Published: April 2022

Islamic social reporting as part of the responsibility of Islamic banks in fulfilling Islamic social performance reporting can also be a priority for investors in making investment decisions. The use of the Islamic social reporting Index in the disclosure of company reports aims to fulfill investors' spiritual desires in the form of accountability to Allah. This study aims to determine the effect of firm age, firm size, and profitability on Islamic social reporting disclosure in Indonesian commercial banks. The study used quantitative methods, and the research population used the financial statements of 11 Indonesian Islamic commercial banks registered with the financial services authority (OJK) from 2014 to 2019. The research sample used 5 Indonesian Islamic commercial banks registered with the OJK and published from 2014 to 2019, using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique with panel data was processed using EViews 10. The results showed that company age significantly affected Islamic social reporting disclosures; company size and profitability did not affect Islamic social reporting disclosures. The research has practical implications and contributes to the fulfillment of investor confidence and the accountability of Islamic companies to stakeholders to manage public fund investments according to sharia principles and sharia compliance standards.
Макро- микроэкономика: теория и практика
Authors:   Bukhara State University, Obidzhon Khamidov , Shaikan Andrii ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Mamanazarov Abdukhakim ,   Moscow State University, Hushko Serhii ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Kulishov Volodymyr ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Маманазаров Мансур
Published: April 2022

В учебнике отражены основные теоретические проблемы микро- макроэкономического анализа. Учебник носит системный характер и состав-лен по нормативной программе курса «Микроэкономика» и «Макроэкономи-ка», которые читаются студентам экономических специальностей. Обеспечи-вает использование полного комплекса основных методов обучения: словес-ного, наглядного и практического. Главы учебника содержат схемы, таблицы, терминологический словарь, формулы, расчёты, тесты, проблемные ситуации, практические задачи и методику их решения. Это позволяет студентам лучше усвоить учебный материал или самостоятельно овладеть им. Рассчитано на преподавателей, студентов и аспирантов факультетов и отделений экономического направления. Может быть использован в системе последипломного образования, переподготовки и повышения квалификации практических работников. Может быть полезным для учащихся академических лицеев, колле-джей, техникумов экономического профиля, а также для всех, кто интересует-ся экономикой и делает первые шаги в её изучении.
Assessment of Solar Energy Source in Some Selected Areas of the Nigeria Six Geo-Political Regions
Authors: Richard Ogbonna Nnaemeka , Eseosa Omorogiuwa
Published: April 2022

Solar energy as a means of power generation is yet to be fully utilized in Nigeria even if there is abundance of it all over the country. This work investigated the availability and utilization of solar energy resources in some selected geopolitical zones of the country. These include the north-west (Gumel), North-East (Maiduguri, Kumagunnam, Gamboru and Baga), North-Central (Pankshin and Biu), South-West (Lagos), South East (Ihiala) and South-South (Buguma). The annual solar radiation potentials from January-December 2021 as well as the air temperatures were determined for the seven locations under study. Retscreen-a renewable energy software was used for the simulation and analysis. The investigation revealed the annual electricity that can be generated for these Gumel located in North-West had 338,463MWh, while Maiduguri, Kumagunnam, Gamboru and Baga all located in North-East had 158,445MWh, 343,964MWh, 300,927MWh and 317,968MWh respectively. North-Central were Pankshin and Biu are located recorded 149,665MWh and 318,416MWh. South-West, South-East and South-South recorded 128,349MWh, 252,174MWh and 230,209MWh. The investigation has also revealed that of all the seven geographical locations under study, the North-Eastern part of the country is more favourable in terms of value obtained and the least favourable is South-West. The work has further shown that the abundance of electricity in these regions if fully tapped can be a huge source of income to even the neighbouring state or country.
Elektronske komunikacione usluge kroz praksu suda pravde
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Lučić Sonja
Published: April 2022

The Council of the EU adopted on 4 December 2018 the directive establishing the European Electronic Communications Code concluding updating the EU’s rules for telecom/electronic communication services. Тhe definition of electronic communication services in the existing EU rules for telecom services only covers traditional telecommunication services (transmission of telephone signals, voice and data and the provision of access to the internet. However, in addition to existing services, the EECC also covers OTT services. Members states shall transpose this Directive into national law by 21 December 2020. Specific rules on privacy for the electronic communications sector, such as limiting the use of traffic and location data and prohibiting listening to communications, establishes The ePrivacy Directive (Directive 2002/58). In addition to traditional telecom providers, since 21 December 2020 the obligations of the current ePrivacy Directive will apply to instant messaging applications, email, internet phone calls and personal messaging provided through social media — collectively, OTT services. Law on Electronic Communications in the Republic of Serbia does not regulate OTT services. Namely, at the time of passing this Law, OTT services were not qualified as a separate category of services. Since there are already ISPs operating in Serbia, there is certainly a need to regulate, above all, OTT media content services.
Uvođenje anticipiranih naredbi pacijenata u srpsko pravo: prednosti i ograničenja ovog instituta
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Živojinović Dragica
Published: April 2022

The Republic of Serbia falls among few European countries, the members of European Council, which have not regulated the institute of patients' advance directives. For the purpose of providing an answer why this institute should be introduced, the author in the first part of the paper reviews its background and goal and then presents its advantages. She indicates that this institute broadens personal autonomy; it additionally supports the autonomous decision-making of patients while its existance relieves the relationship between doctors and patients, as well as the relationship between patients and their family members. In the second part of the paper, reviewing the current provisions of European legislations which regulate this matter and their application in practice, the author underlines the limitations of this institute which she qualifies as general (those which are also inherent to the informed consent, as a similar institute) and specific (those which are intrinsic to advance directives). The author points to the necessity of defining clear requirements that will secure full validity of advance directives in order to eliminate the limitations of this institute, as well as to the need of prior medical counseling that will help the patients to specify the medical measures they will consent to (or will refuse to consent to) and propose measures for reviewing whether there are some changes in the will of the patient compared to the will they expressed in the advance directives.
Pravni značaj biomedicinske usluge čuvanja reproduktivnih ćelija maloletnog lica
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vlašković Veljko
Published: April 2022

Serbian Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction has widened the number of persons who enjoy the right to preserve their reproductive material for postponed reproduction due to threatened infertility. In this context, that right now belongs also to underage person if her/his parents gave the explicit and written consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells. These are the cases when the underage person currently has reproductive capability, but she/ he is threatened by loss of reproductive function in the near future due to developing illness or forthcoming medical treatment. Understandably, the child has no right to postponed usage of residual reproductive cells beyond the cases of threatened infertility, since the underage person does not meet the legal requirements concerning personal and family status necessary for enjoying services of medically assisted reproduction. Frozen reproductive cells of underage persons will be stored without time limits, but the underage person cannot use them for conception before acquisition of legal conditions to enjoy the services of medically assisted reproduction (majority and full legal capacity, conclusion of marriage or establishing cohabitation). Such approach intends to make balance between the interests of an underage person whose gametes are stored and the „the best interets of the prospective child“ who should be conceived and born. Frozen reproductive cells of an underage person cannot be used in any other purpose except postponed homologous reproduction. Although it is not directly mentioned in Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction, reproductive cells may be harvested from an underage persons if she/he does not object to it. Such rule derives from the analogous application to the rule of Law on Human Cells and Tissues that human cell cannot be harvested from a person who has not attained majority if such person objects to it. Parents of the child decide on giving consent to harvesting, freezing and banking of their child's reproductive cells by their mutual agreement, which has the legal significance of the issue that greatly affects the child's life. The absence of consent of one or both parents cannot be replaced by state authority decision. Furthermore, the parents are not allowed to revoke their consent to their child's gamete banking.
Terapia imunobiológica células B alvo (CD20 e BLyS) em Reumatologia
Authors: Hirata Lilian Tiemi , Nunes Diego de Paula Ferreira , Pereira Raíssa Dudienas Domingues , Sachetto Zoraida , Pugliesi Alisson
Published: April 2022

A terapia imunobiológica células B alvo é hoje importante arsenal terapêutico em várias doenças reumáticas imunomediadas (DRIM), especialmente aquelas de maior gravidade. Além da relação direta com a resposta humoral, as células B e seus produtos também orquestram as etapas da resposta imunidade inata, o que torna sua inibição de grande potencial imunossupressor e também de amplo espectro. Nesta revisão, abordaremos principalmente o rituximabe (anti-CD20) e o belimumabe (anti-Blys) no referente a seus mecanismos de ação, indicações em reumatologia, assim como cuidados e considerações. Também abordaremos o futuro da terapia células B direcionada, e terapia combinada de rituximabe e belimumabe.

Unitermos: Linfócitos B. Fator ativador de células B. Anticorpos monoclonais. Rituximabe. Doenças autoimunes.
Terapias células T alvo (anti-CD80/86)
Authors: Rosa Neto Nilton Salles
Published: April 2022

Os inibidores de CD80/86 são moléculas concebidas com o intuito de inativar os receptores CD80/86 nas superfícies de células apresentadoras de antígeno, linfócitos B e monócitos, impedindo a ligação ao CD28 localizado nas células T, bloqueando o segundo sinal coestimulatório necessário para a ativação linfocitária. Abatacepte é uma proteína de fusão que modula seletivamente esta via, reduzindo a ativação das células T e, consequentemente, a resposta inflamatória. No Brasil, abatacepte é aprovado para o tratamento de artrite reumatoide, artrite psoriásica e artrite idiopática juvenil forma poliarticular e seu uso é tanto por infusão endovenosa mensal baseada em peso corporal, após dose de ataque, como por injeção subcutânea semanal. Estudos mostram que se trata de medicação eficaz em controle de sinais e sintomas destas três doenças, além de impactar na funcionalidade e modificar a evolução da doença, dentro de um perfil de segurança adequado.

Unitermos: Abatacepte. Coestimulação linfocitária. Artrite reumatoide. Artrite psoriásica. Artrite idiopática juvenil.
Hasta Memnuniyeti Kısa Değerlendirme Formu’nun (HMKDF) Türkçe Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: TEMELOĞLU ŞEN Esin , SERTEL BERK H. Özlem
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Araştırmada hasta memnuniyetinin ilişkisel boyutunu teorik bir çerçevede, kısa ve pratik bir şekilde değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan Hasta Memnuniyeti Kısa Değerlendirme Formu’nun (HMKDF) Türkçe uyarlama çalışmasının gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Hasta memnuniyeti çoğunlukla tanıya, sağlık merkezine veya çalışmanın amacına özel anket araçlarıyla değerlendirilir. Bu ölçüm stili, hasta memnuniyeti literatüründeki çalışmaların derinleşebilmesine önemli bir engeldir. Bu kapsamda, mevcut çalışmada hasta memnuniyetini ilişkisel perspektiften değerlendiren ve psikometrik açıdan iyi düzeyde bir ölçek olan HMKDF’nin Türkçe literatüre kazandırılması amaçlanır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya farklı kronik fiziksel hastalıklara sahip 234 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu kadın (%76), evli (%68) ve lise mezunudur (%33). Katılımcılara Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Bilgiler Formu, İlaç Uyumunu Bildirim Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri-Depresyon ve Hasta Memnuniyeti Kısa Değerlendirme Formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda HMKDF’nin orijinal formdaki gibi tek faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği (KMO=0.89; Ki Kare= 729.45; Barlett p=0.000) ve bu yapının uyum değerleri açısından da desteklendiği bulunmuştur (χ2/df = 1.40, RMSEA= .042, GFI = .98, AGFI = .95, CFI = .99, NFI = .98, sRMR = 0.029). Ölçeğin çalışmadaki güvenirliği oldukça iyi (Cronbach α= .87) bulunmuştur. Ayırtedici geçerlilik kapsamında, HMKDF’nin ilaç uyumu ve depresyon düzeyi ile de anlamlı ilişki gösterdiği ve özel hastanelerde tedavi alan katılımcıların diğer sağlık kurumlarına kıyasla daha yüksek tedavi memnuniyeti bildirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma ile hasta memnuniyetini ilişkisel perspektifte değerlendiren HMKDF, hasta memnuniyetini araştıran Türk araştırmacıların kullanımına sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre HMKDF, kronik fiziksel hastalığı olan bireyler ile yürütülen çalışmalarda kullanılabilecek güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçüm aracıdır. Ancak, ölçeğin farklı klinik gruplar ve araştırma desenlerinde test edilmesinin gerekli olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Incidence of Urosepsis in Patients Undergoing Flexible Ureteroscopy
Authors:   Basic health unit Faizabad District Okara, Ahmed Dr. Faraz
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Urosepsis is a systemic response to and potentially life-threatening sequela of urogenital tract infection. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the incidence of urosepsis in patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Fatima Jinnah Medical University during June 2021 to January 2022. 241 patients full filling the inclusion criteria was included through the Emergency / OPD of hospital. An informed consent was obtained from patients. Demographic data (Name, age, gender, and stone size) was recorded. Results: The data was collected from 241 patients. Out of 241 there were 118 males and 123 female patients. There was a significant difference in age between patients who developed sepsis and patients who did not develop sepsis. Patients who developed sepsis also had albumin concentrations <35 g/L, globulin concentrations ≥30 g/L, AGR <1.2, pre-operative fever, WBC count ≥10,000 cells/µL, pre-operative positive UC, positive urine WBC, and positive urine nitrite. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with solitary proximal ureteral stones are more likely to have post-fURS sepsis when they have positive pre-operative UC or low pre-operative AGR.
Thiamethoxam Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Male Patients
Authors:   Rural Health Centre Chani Goth, district Bahawalpur, Hussain Dr. Saddam
Published: April 2022

Thiamethoxam is one of the second-generation neonicotinoids, a new class of insecticides. The study was designed to investigate the effect of thiamethoxam on fertility in bucks. For this purpose, sixteen male adult male chinchilla rabbits were divided in two groups. Thiamethoxam intoxicated group was treated with thiamethoxam at dose of 250 mg/Kg body weight for 3 months. Semen analysis revealed distinct changes in sperm characteristics including significant decrease in sperm motility (both mass and individual) and sperm count. In addition, significant increase in dead spermatozoa and sperm deformities. Moreover, elevation in testicular concentration of MDA and GST was significant. GSH was significantly decreased. Degeneration and necrosis of spermatogenic cells with intertubular edema and vacuolations in seminiferous tubules were the major observed histopathological changes in the testis of intoxicated animals. In conclusion, thiamethoxam administration for 3 months induced significant decrease in fertility and oxidative stress in the reproductive system of adult male.
Psycho-Social Factors in Older Adults’ Mental Health: A Narrative Review
Authors:   School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Talca, Talca, Chile., Salgado Raul Hormazabal
Published: April 2022

Health promotion is a top priority worldwide. This includes mental health in older adults, who are at risk due to the ageing process, associated with deteriorating health status. Notwithstanding the importance of the topic, psycho-social factors are often neglected in the implementation or formulation of advanced age health promotion programs. In this context, it is imperative to reach a better understanding of the main psycho-social aspects involved in mental health promotion in older adults. The main objective of this narrative review was to identify documents that made a core contribution to the understanding of psycho-social factors related to mental health in community-dwelling older adults. To achieve this, a narrative review was carried out that included a total of 40 articles published between 2018 and 2022. This review was performed through an interpretive stance. Ethical approval was not required for this review. Three main categories were derived from thematic analysis: (i) mental health interventions; (ii) mental health and frailty in older adults, and (iii) social support in older adults. To conclude, understanding the main protective psycho-social factors involved in mental health in community-dwelling older adults is of paramount importance. Identifying the implications of the psycho-social factors in this population is vital to elaborate specific interventions, therefore enhancing their mental health.
Criminal System and Classification of Criminal Witnesses in Indonesia
Authors:   Master of Law,Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia, Rohmad Timbul
Published: April 2022

This study aims to discuss problems regarding the criminal system for children who are perpetrators of criminal acts and discuss the classification of criminal sanctions against children who commit crimes in Indonesia. This research is a normative yiridis research using secondary data and analyzed based on the laws and regulations related to the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the criminal system for child crimes, since the issuance of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, prioritizes Restorative justice in the process of handling child cases. The classification of criminal witnesses as regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System is divided into two, namely the main crime and additional punishment.
Shielding of Ionizing Radiation in Nuclear Power Reactor Environments (A Technical Memorandum)
Authors:   Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Chief Executive Officer, Consulting Firm, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America 87111, Zohuri Bahman , Balgehshiri Seyed Kamal Mousavi ,   Physics and Energy Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Paydar Ali Zamani ,   Physics and Energy Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Since release of movie known as “China Syndrome” in early march of 1979, and was about story of a reporter who finds what appears to be a cover-up of safety hazards at a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), and a hypothetical sequence of events following the meltdown of a nuclear reactor, in which the core melts through its containment structure and deep into the earth causing all kind of nuclear radiation. Nuclear accidents are one of the greatest debates that in several decades ago has risen around the world in past until now, we encountered with the worst nuclear accident in Three Mile Island (TMI) in 28 March of 1979, which was less than two weeks after release of the movie, which start raising the concern of radiation leak to environment from TMI-2 reactor. This start putting future of nuclear power industry driven energy producing electricity, into serious doubt and the matter become worst, when on 26 April 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred at the No. 4 reactor of this power plant and released huge amount of radiation into surrounding environment very dangerously that still exists today. We almost were about forgetting about these incidents by putting them in backburner of our mind, then on 11 March 2011 a huge tsunami hits cost of Fukushima, Japan, where Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was residing and consequently caused its accident and it was the most severe nuclear accident in the world so far to this point that is still consider that was this event another China Syndrome? Radiations released from these accidents internally and externally to its environment is serious matter and needs serious attention by scientist, engineers and creators of these reactor and what could be done to shield them, when come to ionizing radiation, which is subject of this Technical Memorandum (TM)