bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric Energy Metering Error Evaluation Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Tianfu , Wu Zhiwu , Zhan Wen , Wang Chunguang , Lin Tongyao
Published: April 2024

The measuring accuracy of the electric energy meter, voltage transformer and current transformer shows a dynamic state under the influence of its factors and external factors. The error of the voltage transformer and current transformer cannot be measured by traditional method.
This paper establishes a multidimensional error analysis and fault diagnosis system for power metering based on Hadoop architecture and Spark memory calculation. The platform extracted the error signal from the measurement data and calculated the characteristic value of the error signal. Then, dependent cloud and dynamic time rules are used to estimate the transformer's and voltage transformer's continuity. Then, a half-step membership degree cloud generation algorithm is constructed to overcome the error bias randomness and fuzzy characteristics under the influence factors. Finally, the system uses the dynamic correction method to estimate the similarity of error timing and quantitative factors to realize the error calculation of the current transformer and voltage transformer. The power metering error processing system was built with the support of Hadoop and Spark. The timing increment is introduced in the process of data collection. Dependent cloud and dynamic time-repair methods can improve the accuracy of diagnosing errors in electric energy metering. The parallel optimization of big data platforms by belonging to the cloud and dynamic time-warping algorithm is verified.
Mobile Smart App and its Application in Improving the Efficiency of English Homework Correction
Authors: Shao Huiying , Liu Zan
Published: April 2024

The heavy amount of English homework correction has resulted in Teachers’ lax examination of homework, insufficient attention to homework problems, and low attention to homework correction. With the continuous growth of the number of educated people, more and more schools begin to have the problem of low efficiency of English homework correction. Therefore, in order to optimize the homework correction system, improve the efficiency of English teachers’ homework correction, and give full play to teachers’ positive feedback on homework, a smart app on mobile phone can be developed to scan and correct traditional paper homework. Based on image processing technology and neural network algorithm, this paper designs and establishes a mobile app that can recognize and extract English homework topics and handwriting with nearly 90\% accuracy through Android system platform. Based on the homework answers entered in the database, the rapid correction of English homework can be realized. After using this software, the overall efficiency of English homework grading has significantly improved. For multiple-choice and fill in the blank questions, the total factor productivity of 14 and 15 units was greater than 1, accounting for 63.6\% and 68.1\% of the nursing units participating in the study, respectively. This indicates that the efficiency of English homework grading in most units is constantly improving and showing a good development trend. Among them, the homework correction efficiency for multiple-choice questions is only 6 units, and the pure technical efficiency is less than 1, indicating that the improvement of technical means has a significant impact on efficiency. In order to verify the applicability of the software, data envelopment analysis is used to analyze the application of the mobile app to improve the efficiency of English homework correction. the results show that when the smart phone software is not put into use, the efficiency of teachers’ English homework correction is poor, and the technical level in the process of correction is too low. After the mobile intelligent software is put into use, the overall efficiency of English homework correction has increased significantly, which can greatly alleviate the pressure faced by English teachers in the process of correcting homework.
Ginący świat dziedzictwa kulturowego małych wspólnot w Rumunii
Authors: Kocój Ewa
Published: April 2024

Anthropological study of cultural heritage and cultural memory is one of the areas of scholarship that experienced a remarkable growth in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Almost every new year brings forth the emergence of new concepts, issues or questions pertaining to the research of this area of past and contemporary culture. As a result, today we are talking not only about the varied aspects of heritage, forming new interdisciplinary confi gurations with each other, but also about future possibilities for research, suitable for the present time. Th e cultural codes associated with heritage – the senses, meanings or images specifi c to particular communities, as well as material and immaterial aspects of it – have become a space for new attractions and scholarly, institutional, social or amateur explorations. At present, we are facing comprehensive attempts to extract information about cultural heritage from diverse sources – ethnographic, anthropological, historical, legal, archaeological or linguistic, including oral history and memory research exploring the collective memories of communities in many areas of the world. Heritage is drawn out from old visual or iconographic sources (paintings, icons, photographs, films, maps, posters, postcards, pattern books or blueprints), it is also reconstructed, re-documented or mapped by various depositaries and stakeholders. Heritage also makes it presence in the activities of many contemporary cultural institutions – in the form of projects linking the present with the past, showing how the past can inspire discovery, interpretation, preservation and creative application by current generations. Moreover, in contemporary research an idea has emerged of looking at the present from the point of view of currently existing manifestations of tangible and intangible culture which might become resources in the area of cultural heritage at some point in the future. Th is is a new approach, raising awareness of the contemporary culture as well as projecting new possibilities, spaces and contexts for future cultural heritage.
Reducing the environmental impact of inhalers in primary care
Authors: Day Laura
Published: April 2024

Climate change is having a negative effect on our health and on our planet. The NHS has made a commitment to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) by 2050 as a way of addressing this. Switching pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) to dry powder inhalers (DPIs) has the potential to significantly reduce GHGEs. The primary aim of this systematic review was to establish how to make sustainable inhaler changes in primary care that do not compromise patient care and outcomes. pMDI devices have a significantly higher global warming potential than DPIs, but the latter are not suited to everyone. In patients unsuited to DPI devices, changing prescribing habits can help to lower emissions. Returning inhalers to pharmacies for incineration also lowers global warming potential. DPI devices are easier to use and are linked with improved health outcomes. It is possible to lower the carbon footprint of inhalers by switching pMDI to DPI, and through education and changed prescribing habits.
Prescribing medications for Parkinson's: part two
Authors: Robinson Gina
Published: April 2024

Around 10 million people worldwide have Parkinson's and in the UK the estimated figure is 153 000. The condition is characterised by motor symptoms including tremors, stiffness, slowness, balance problems and/or gait disorders, but people can develop a wide range of associated psychological and physical problems. Treatment for Parkinson's includes a combination of multidisciplinary input from specialists such as physiotherapy, speech and language therapy and occupational therapy, alongside the use of recognised medication regimens. Most first-line medication requires titration and is started at a low dose and increased gradually, to reduce the risk of side effects and to monitor response to treatment. Medications for Parkinson's are complex to manage, and many have side effects that could affect patient concordance. Any prescribing decisions should be discussed with the person with Parkinson's and their family members. There are a variety of medications available to manage motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's, but this article will focus on levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors.
A review of long-legged flies from the Republic of Guinea (Diptera:Dolichopodidae) with description of a new Lichtwardtia species
Authors: GRICHANOV IGOR YA. , DUBROVSKIY DMITRIY V.
Published: April 2024

A new long-legged fly species, Lichtwardtia guineensis Grichanov sp. nov., from the Nzérékoré Province of Guinea, is described and illustrated. Males of the new species are similar to L. angulicornis Grichanov, from Ivory Coast, but differ in face colour, postpedicel shape, and features of the male genitalia. In addition, 13 species are listed for the Republic of Guinea, of which, eight are reported from the country for the first time: Apelastoneurus nigeriensis (Grichanov), Lichtwardtia angularis (Macquart), L. angulicornis Grichanov, L. fractinervis (Parent), L. microlepis (Parent), Pseudopelastoneurus diversifemur (Parent), Sympycnus du Curran and Sympycnus minor Parent. As a result, the dolichopodid species number in Guinea has increased to 14. It is supposed that the real number of Guinean species may reach 50 to 100 species, based on the faunal richness of adjacent countries.
Enhancement of Tiny Encryption Algorithm for Resource-Constrained WSNs Using Four Connected Additive Fibonacci Generators
Authors: Zyara Atheer Hussein , Mhaibes Hakeem Imad , Shallal Qahtan Makki
Published: April 2024

The usage of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is widespread in industries where data security is crucial. Due to the energy and computational limits of WSN, the cryptographic protocols designed for it must be as computationally cheap as feasible. The components of these protocols, such as the random number generator, are subject to the same constraints. For such resource-constrained devices, several lightweight encryption techniques have been created. One of the most efficient lightweight ciphers is Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA). TEA uses a few lines of source code that are based on Feistel. It is however susceptible to attacks utilizing equivalent and related key attacks. In order to address TEA’s key vulnerabilities, a modification is suggested in this paper that focuses on key creation. Four connected Additive Fibonacci Generators (AFGs) make up the structure, which addresses the security vulnerability by using a unique key each round. Performance evaluation was assessed using three statistical tests: avalanche effect, randomness analysis, and completeness testing. Through experimental results, ATEA outperforms TEA by an average of 51.68 % to 47.51 % for the avalanche effect, and 51.95 % to 48.36 % for the completeness test, and satisfies all the NIST requirements. Results of advanced security measurements indicate that, ATEA can be used to secure WSN devices.
Feasibility of Using Seq-GAN Model in Vulnerability Detection of Industrial Control Protocols
Authors: Zhang Jiafa , Zou Hong , Zeng Zifeng , Xu Weijie , Jiang Jiawei
Published: April 2024

Continuous improvement of internet technology has driven the continuous progress and improvement of industrial control systems, and provided more support for security vulnerability detection in this field. Combining the GAN model, the detection model based on Seq-GAN in industrial control protocol vulnerabilities constructed in this article provides more options for further improving the security of industrial control systems, and can detect and analyse security vulnerabilities in industrial control protocols more efficiently and accurately. By comparing the performance of different models for security vulnerability detection, the Seq-GAN model has smaller prediction errors, can also obtain higher G-mean and F1-score values, and has sufficient reliability. At the same time, it can also improve the efficiency of vulnerability detection in industrial control systems, and can achieve better comprehensive detection performance. Therefore, the application of the Seq-GAN model in industrial control protocol vulnerability detection can provide more support for improving security detection in this field.
Transformative Technologies in the Evaluation of a Vocational Education System
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Sun Xiaoyu , Yu Jiangde
Published: April 2024

The increasing demand for vocational education has necessitated the presence of highly skilled teachers. This study presents a novel framework for the effective management of vocational college instructors’ professional development through the utilization of advanced technologies. The system utilizes deep learning technology to analyze many data points, including academic achievements, teaching experience, student comments, and professional activities, in order to assess the performance and potential of teachers. The system evaluates both the positive and negative aspects, offers customized training programs, and enhances the delivery of instruction through the utilization of a generative language model. The effectiveness of the system is supported by a case study, which demonstrates enhancements in talent management, professional development, teaching quality, and student happiness. This proposed solution aims to improve vocational education by empowering educators and transforming the processes of evaluation, support, and guidance throughout their professional trajectories.
Flight Price Prediction Web-based Platform: Leveraging Generative AI for Real-time Airfare Forecasting
Authors: Guan Yuanyuan
Published: April 2024

The aviation business encounters difficulties in correctly and swiftly predicting flight fares due to the dynamic nature of the sector. Factors such as variations in demand, fuel costs, and the intricacies of various routes have an impact on this. This work presents a new method to tackle this issue by utilizing generative artificial intelligence (GAI) approaches to accurately forecast airfares in real-time. This paper presents a novel framework that integrates generative models, deep learning architectures, and historical pricing data to improve the precision of future flight price predictions. The study employs a GAI within a cutting-edge web engineering framework. This approach is designed primarily to gather knowledge about complex patterns and relationships present in historical airline data. Through the utilization of this methodology, the model is able to accurately perceive complex connections and adjust to ever-changing market conditions. Our model utilizes deep neural networks to effectively handle various circumstances and extract vital information, so facilitating a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate elements that impact flight cost. Moreover, the suggested approach places significant emphasis on precisely predicting upcoming occurrences in real-time, facilitating prompt reactions to market volatility and offering a valuable resource for airlines, travel agents, and customers alike. In order to enhance the accuracy of real-time forecasts, we utilize a web-based platform that allows for smooth interaction with live data streams and guarantees swift updates. The results demonstrate the model’s capacity to adjust to dynamic market conditions, rendering it an attractive option for stakeholders in search of precise and current forecasts of flight prices.
Hosh el-Geruf, a gold-processing centre in the Fourth Cataract of the Nile
Authors: Williams Bruce
Published: April 2024

Hosh el-Geruf, a site in the Fourth Cataract was used to process gold from ores recovered elsewhere in the region. While some separation of mining and reduction is well known, the distances here are unusual and they point to the existence of regional organisation in the early second millennium BC in an area that otherwise does not show signs of social complexity. This indicates that assumptions about such complexity in early Nubia need to be re-examined. Keywords: Fourth Cataract, gold, grindstone, industry, mining, organisation
Gold exploitation in New Kingdom and Napatan Nubia
Authors: Budka Julia
Published: April 2024

The Egyptian colonial system to extract gold from the Nubian deserts and the Nile Valley is attested to in a considerable number of texts. These texts are one way to consider differences between gold production in Wawat (Lower Nubia) and Kush (Upper Nubia). This chapter moves away from the long-established interpretation of the period of Egyptian presence in Nubia being one of technological and cultural advancement, in particular in how Egypt benefited from, supposedly, previously unexplored natural resources. Instead, the focus will be on indigenous Nubian relationships with gold, from the Kerma Period to the Napatan Period. Case studies from the New Kingdom and Napatan Periods are used to provide an alternative narrative and to argue for a need to rewrite Nubia’s silenced ‘golden’ history, especially when taking archaeological sources into account. The main aim is to highlight a seemingly long continuity of Nubian goldworking and its complex intermingling with Egyptian goldworking. Keywords: Nubia, gold, gold mining, wadi working, Kerma, New Kingdom, Napatan
Early food production and food producers in prehistoric Sudan
Authors: Garcea Elena A.A.
Published: April 2024

Early food production in Sudan dates between the sixth and the fourth millennium BC. With the onset of the Neolithic period, it replaced hunting-gathering and engaged food producers in the extraction, management and use of domestic resources introduced from Southwest Asia (cattle, caprines, wheats and barley) and locally domesticated (sorghum). The Neolithic marked the decline of egalitarian societies and the emergence of social inequality based on the value of wealth and capital as symbols of power and ostentation in life and after death. It also implied the adoption of a series of social patterns and cultural behaviours in all sectors of human life and funerary traditions, spanning from settlement systems to social roles and individual engagements and affecting relationships, prestige values, ideology and symbols. Keywords: Early food production, Neolithic, pastoralism, agropastoralism, Sudan
Local agency and foreign products. H25: A potential indigenous distribution site in the northern Dongola Reach
Authors: Kilroe Loretta
Published: April 2024

Ideas around Middle Nile distribution processes during the New Kingdom have historically had a strong Egyptological bias, reflecting the adoption of Egyptian-style material culture across the region. An archaeological focus on elite contexts such as temple towns and associated cemeteries only supported ideas around the hegemony of Egyptian socio-economic systems and the vanishing of indigenous practices at this time. However, modern fieldwork has begun to reassess systems of perceived Egyptianisation and to highlight the diversity of interactions across the vast Middle Nile. The site of H25 near the Third Cataract provides a potential window into the socio-economic systems in practice in rural New Kingdom Nubia, outside of the temple towns that, as seats of Egyptian colonial administration, will naturally have followed familiar Egyptian practices. This may represent a space where alternative Middle Nile interactions took place, outside of the more urban temple town environment. Material culture at the site suggests that the excavated structures date primarily to the later New Kingdom. However, over 50% of the material was indigenous, with Egyptian-style pottery predominantly storage containers.2 This suggests that H25 represents a different social space from temple towns, and can give us an alternate perspective on the variety of exchange systems across Nubia at this time. Excavation of such sites can broaden our understanding of the administration of Nubia under Egyptian occupation, highlighting the multiplicities of practice across this landscape, particularly on the fringes of Egyptian control. Keywords: New Kingdom, Colonisation, circulation of goods, H25
The Life and Death of Skanderbeg Square: A Chronicle of an Undoing Foretold, in a Hundred Years
Authors: Luarasi Skender
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article chronicles the urban transformation of Skanderbeg Square— the center of Tirana, Albania’s capital city— over the last one hundred years. It traces a series of urban erasures in and around the square, which detached, estranged, and stole the square from the city. While there were many reasons behind these erasures, political and economic ones notwithstanding, there were also discursive choices that biased and sustained them, as there were others that could have been made against such erasures. The transformation of Skanderbeg Square was anticipated from the very beginning, in the projects of the so-called Time of Italy, between the two wars. The larger methodological stake of the article is precisely this anticipation, namely, the telling of a story through the critical and speculative lens of the future anterior: how and why does an event retroactively selects the reasons of its occurrence, and what other, potential transformations would have occurred at other junctures, if other choices were made. This is not mere fantasy or wishful thinking; it is only by showing that the past has always- already been many, and that it could have been different, that it is possible to imagine change in the present, and thus have agency toward the future.
The Mercy Seat: An Artistic Grammar for Substitutionary Atonement
Authors: Bailey Justin Ariel , Westfall David M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The "mercy seat" identifies a well-known artistic tradition that renders the Trinity for the sake of liturgical contemplation. While there is diversity in depiction, the motif visualizes God the Father holding forth God the Son while God the Spirit hovers as a dove. This essay explores the "mercy seat" tradition as visual theology, one that offers an imaginative grammar for apprehending the complexity of Trinitarian agency present in substitutionary atonement, while also respecting the triune mystery. The mercy seat motif thus offers a case study for how visual art might guide theological reflection and Christian spirituality in general.
Sabbath Stillness: Thoughts of a Lingering God
Authors: Wolfteich Claire E.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The time is ripe for a fuller exploration of Sabbath within the field of Christian spirituality studies. Sabbath bears on several topics important to this field, including prayer, liturgy, time, justice, work, ecology, and interreligious dialogue. While many aspects of Sabbath are relevant to spirituality studies, this essay addresses contemplative dimensions of Sabbath and the potential for deepening more communal understandings of contemplation in dialogue with Jewish thought and practice. The consideration of contemplative dimensions of Sabbath unfolds in three movements: lingering, seeing , and stilling . It ends with a note about the eschatological dimension of Sabbath.
Assessment of the effects of 2,4-D-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-based herbicide exposure in eggs and embryos of golden apple snails using OCT
Authors: Thanomsit Chutima , Khumsopha Chaiprasarn , Saetiew Jadsada , Meemon Panomsak , Nanthanawat Phochit , Saowakoon Samnao
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of herbicide 2, 4-D-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on golden apple snail eggs and embryos. Additionally, the study assessed the applicability of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive depth cross-sectional microscopic imaging technique, as a novel method, to the best of our knowledge, for studying morphological changes in golden apple snail eggs and embryos, in comparison to the conventional approach of using white light microscopy. The study revealed that the herbicide 2,4-D-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid affected the hatchery rate and morphological changes of the eggs and embryos. The lethal concentration (LC50), representing the concentration of a substance that is expected to cause death in half of the population being studied, of the golden apple eggs and embryos increased with longer exposure time and higher concentrations. The estimated median effective concentration (EC50), which denotes the concentration producing the desired effect in 50% of the exposed golden apple embryos, exhibited a similar trend of change as the LC50. When compared to the microscopic study, it was observed that OCT could be employed to investigate morphological changes of golden apple snail eggs and embryos, enabling evaluation of alterations in both 2D and 3D structures.
Spectroscopic study of the 4f76s2
8
S7/2∘ – 4f7(8S°) 6s6p(1P°) 8P5/2,7/2 transitions in neutral europium-151 and europium-153: absolute frequency and hyperfine structure
Authors: Maruko C. , Çölmek N. N. , Herd M. T. , Ahrendsen K. J. , Cabrales B. , Cannon G. , Davis E. , Guo X. Y. , Karani T. , Wallace A. , Wisnauckas K. , Williams W. D.
Published: April 2024

We report on spectroscopic measurements on the 4f76s28S7/2∘−4f7(8S∘)6s6p(1P∘)8P5/2,7/2 transitions at 466.32 nm and 462.85 nm, respectively, in neutral europium-151 and europium-153. The center of gravity frequencies for the 151 and 153 isotopes for both transitions are reported for the first time using saturated absorption spectroscopy. For the 6s6p(1P∘)8P5/2 state, the center of gravity frequencies were found to be 642,894,493.3(4) MHz and 642,891,693.3(9) MHz for the 151 and 153 isotopes, respectively. The hyperfine constants for the upper state were found to be A(151)=−157.01(3)MHz, B(151)=74.5(4)MHz and A(153)=−69.43(14)MHz, B(153)=191.0(26)MHz. These hyperfine values are all consistent with previously published results except for B(151) that has a small discrepancy. The isotope shift was found to be 2799.54(20) MHz, a small discrepancy with previously published results. For the 6s6p(1P∘)8P7/2 state, the center of gravity frequencies were found to be 647,708,930.6(6) MHz and 647,705,958.4(26) MHz for the 151 and 153 isotopes, respectively. The hyperfine constants for the upper state were found to be A(151)=−218.66(4)MHz, B(151)=−293.4(8)MHz and A(153)=−97.15(13)MHz, B(153)=−750(3)MHz. These values are all consistent with previously published results except for A(151) that has a small discrepancy. The isotope shift was found to be 2972.8(5) MHz, a small discrepancy with previously measured results.
Relations between near-field enhancements and Purcell factors in hybrid nanostructures of plasmonic antennas and dielectric cavities
Authors: Tang Xu-Tao , Ma Lin , You Yue , Du Xiao-Jing , Qiu Hua , Guan Xi-Hua , He Jun , Yang Zhong-Jian
Published: April 2024

Strong near-field enhancements (NFEs) of nanophotonic structures are believed to be closely related to high Purcell factors (FP). Here, we theoretically show that the correlation is partially correct; the extinction cross section (σ) response is also critical in determining FP. The divergence between NFE and FP is especially pronounced in plasmonic-dielectric hybrid systems, where the plasmonic antenna supports dipolar plasmon modes and the dielectric cavity hosts Mie-like resonances. The cavity's enhanced-field environment can boost the antenna's NFEs, but the FP is not increased concurrently due to the larger effective σ that is intrinsic to the FP calculations. Interestingly, the peak FP for the coupled system can be predicted by using the NFE and σ responses. Furthermore, the limits for FP of coupled systems are considered; they are determined by the sum of the FP of a redshifted (or modified, if applicable) antenna and an individual cavity. This contrasts starkly with the behavior of NFE which is closely associated with the multiplicative effects of the NFEs provided by the antenna and the dielectric cavity. The differing behaviors of NFE and FP in hybrid cavities have varied impacts on relevant nanophotonic applications such as fluorescence, Raman scattering and enhanced light-matter interactions.
Compensation schemes for uneven illumination and LED light-emitting instability in optical camera communication system
Authors: Ji Shaoxi , Yang Aiying , Fan Wenpeng , Feng Lihui , Zhang Zhenrong , Zhang Minglun
Published: April 2024

In order to increase the data rate of the optical camera communication (OCC) system, the 8-composite-amplitude-shift-keying modulation (8CASK) OCC system is used in this work. However, if the static decision thresholds are employed to demodulate multi-level ASK signal, uneven illumination of LED lamps and LED light-emitting instability lead to the fluctuation of the gray range in the picture and degrade the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a demodulation scheme, using the uneven illumination compensation algorithm, the pixel matrix threshold overall update algorithm and the secondary decision algorithm, to mitigate the impact of illumination unevenness and LED light-emitting instability. The BER performance is evaluated and compared with other demodulation schemes. The experimental results demonstrate that the communication rate of our proposed scheme can reach 9kbit/s at a distance of 250 cm where the illumination is 135lux, and the BER is 8.01 × 10−5.
Radiative transfer simulations of water-leaving radiance from the Skylight-Blocked Approach
Authors: Kajiyama Tamito , Zibordi Giuseppe , Bulgarelli Barbara , Talone Marco , D’Alimonte Davide
Published: April 2024

Radiative transfer simulations of measurements performed with the Skylight-Blocked Approach (SBA) for water exhibiting diverse optical properties confirmed the non-negligible impact of the depth z0 of the radiometer shield in the determination of the water-leaving radiance Lw. In particular, results showed that the shield-shaded water volume lowers the measured Lw value by a few up to tens of percent as a function of the depth z0, water attenuation, and wavelength. The study also confirmed the potential applicability of an analytical correction scheme based on the sole water absorption and backscattering coefficients to support operational SBA measurements, still at the expense of decreased accuracy with increasing depth z0 and water turbidity.
Fluorescent antenna based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for optical wireless communications
Authors: He Cuiwei , Collins Steve , Murata Hideyuki
Published: April 2024

The use of fluorescent antennas in optical wireless communications (OWC) has been demonstrated previously, and it has been shown that it is an efficient method for enhancing receiver performance, providing both signal gain and a wide field of view (FoV). To achieve a high concentration gain at the receiver output, the selected fluorophores should have a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), limited overlap between their absorption and emission spectra, and emit light that can be efficiently detected. In addition, to support a high modulation bandwidth, the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of the fluorophore needs to be short. In this paper, we propose a new fluorescent antenna architecture based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Our results show that, due to the photophysical interactions between the energy donor and energy acceptor, the use of FRET simultaneously increases PLQY and reduces PL lifetime. Additionally, employing FRET leads to an increased Stokes shift, ensuring that the emitted light has longer wavelengths, thus reducing self-absorption. This shift can also increase the efficiency with which the fluorescence is detected by a typical silicon (Si) photodetector. Consequently, our OWC results show that a new FRET-based antenna can achieve a significantly higher concentration gain and a wider transmission bandwidth than a conventional non-FRET antenna, leading to much higher data rates.
Cross-domain heterogeneous metasurface inverse design based on a transfer learning method
Authors: Gao Fan , Ou Zhihao , Yang Chenchen , Yang Jinpeng , Deng Juan , Yan Bo
Published: April 2024

In this Letter, a transfer learning method is proposed to complete design tasks on heterogeneous metasurface datasets with distinct functionalities. Through fine-tuning the inverse design network and freezing the parameters of hidden layers, we successfully transfer the metasurface inverse design knowledge from the electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) domain to the three target domains of EIT (different design), absorption, and phase-controlled metasurface. Remarkably, in comparison to the source domain dataset, a minimum of only 700 target domain samples is required to complete the training process. This work presents a significant solution to lower the data threshold for the inverse design process and provides the possibility of knowledge transfer between different domain metasurface datasets.
Design of an ultrafast plasmonic nanolaser for high-intensity broadband emission operating at room temperature
Authors: Zhou Peng , Jin Lei , Liang Kun , Liang Xiongyu , Li Junqiang , Deng Xuyan , Wang Yilin , Guo Jiaqi , Yu Li , Zhang Jiasen
Published: April 2024

We propose a plasmonic nanolaser based on a metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal (MISIM) structure, which effectively confines light on a subwavelength scale (∼λ/14). As the pump power increases, the proposed plasmonic nanolaser exhibits broadband output characteristics of 20 nm, and the maximum output power can reach 20 µW. Furthermore, the carrier lifetime at the upper energy level in our proposed structure is measured to be about 400 fs using a double pump-probe excitation. The ultrafast characteristic is attributed to the inherent Purcell effect of plasmonic systems. Our work paves the way toward deep-subwavelength mode confinement and ultrafast femtosecond plasmonic lasers in spaser-based interconnected, eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers, nano-LEDs, and spontaneous emission control.
Ultrahigh extinction ratio and a low power silicon thermo-optic switch
Authors: Wang Jin , Shi Shangqing , Niu Hongsheng , Gao Suzhe , Yang Bo , Zhang Shihao , Cheng Wei , Chen Yifei , Guo Chen , Zhu Wanghua , Hu Guohua , Cui Yiping , Yun Binfeng
Published: April 2024

The silicon thermo-optic switch (TOS) is one of the most fundamental and crucial blocks in large-scale silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs). An energy-efficient silicon TOS with ultrahigh extinction ratio can effectively mitigate cross talk and reduce power consumption in optical systems. In this Letter, we demonstrate a silicon TOS based on cascading Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with spiral thermo-optic phase shifters. The experimental results show that an ultrahigh extinction ratio of 58.8 dB is obtained, and the switching power consumption is as low as 2.32 mW/π without silicon air trench. The rise time and fall time of the silicon TOS are about 10.8 and 11.2 µs, respectively. Particularly, the figure of merit (FOM) has been improved compared with previously reported silicon TOS. The proposed silicon TOS may find potential applications in optical switch arrays, on-chip optical delay lines, etc.
Longitudinal manipulation of local nonseparability in vector beams
Authors: Qing Zhiming , Yan Wenxiang , Long Xian , Yuan Zheng , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Wang Xi-Lin , Ding Jianping , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: April 2024

The inherent nonseparability of vector beams presents a unique opportunity to explore novel optical functionalities, expanding new degrees of freedom for optical information processing. In this Letter, we introduce a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for tailoring the local nonseparability along the propagation axis of vector beams. Employing higher-order Bessel vector beams, the longitudinal control over the local nonseparability is achieved through targeted amplitude modulation of constituent orthogonal polarization components within the main ring region. Experimental demonstrations of diverse longitudinal nonseparability profiles corroborate the efficacy and versatility of our approach, opening avenues for further exploration of the nonseparability manipulation in vector beams.
Corpusaren egoera hobetzen: Xurioren "Imitacionea"ren aleak XVIII. mendean
Authors: Irure Sierra Leyre
Published: April 2024

Mixel Xurio Donibane Lohizuneko erretore zenak Jesu-Christoren Imitacionea (1720) euskarara itzuli zuen. Liburua autorea hil eta bi urtetara argitara eman zen, Bordelen, eta ondoren hainbat edizio izan zituen XVIII. eta XIX. mendeetan zehar. XVII. mendearen hasieratik Lapurdiko zenbait eremutan, kostaldean batik bat, euskarazko literatura erlijiosoak artean ez bezalako loraldi bat izan zuen. Mendearen erdialdetik aurrera, ordea, ekoizpenak murriztu eta euskara maila apalago batean idazten hasi ziren. XVIII. mendearen lehenengo hamarkadetan Xurio salbuespena izan zen, lapurtera klasikoaren epigonoa.
Xurioren garrantziagatik ere, orain artean ez da oro har aztertua izan, eta zor zaion edizio kritikoa ere faltan du. Beraren liburuaren azterketan aurrera egiteko helburuarekin, abiapuntu gisa XVIII. mendeko edizioak baliatu ditugu. Lanaren muina edizio hauen arteko filiazio harremana aztertzea da (recensio), filologiaren metodologia eta testu kritika baliatuz.
Lekukotasunen filiazioa zehazteko, lehenik, liburutegi jakin batzuetan eskuragarri dauden ale digitalizatuak (guztira 14) bildu eta sailkatu ditugu (fontes criticae), Vinsonen (1891-1898) lanaren laguntzaz. Bigarrenik, ale bakoitzaren deskribapen formala egin dugu: azalak eta liburuaren atalak alderatu ditugu, eta azalik gabeko aleak zein ediziori dagozkion ere erabaki ahal izan dugu (collatio codicum). Atal honek informazio franko eman digu edizioen arteko filiazio harremanaren inguruan. Izan ere, edizioz edizio pasarte berriak txertatu izana lagungarri izan zaigu bakoitzaren oinarrian zein edizio erabili zen erabakitzeko. Hirugarrenik, edizio bakoitzetik hasierako eta bukaerako lagin bat hartu eta konparatu ditugu (examinatio eta selectio). Laginak txikiak izan arren, emaitzak oparoak dira, eta aurretik erantzun gabe genituen zalantzak argitzeko balio izan digute. Hasierako grabatuei, edukiaren atal banaketari eta konparaketan topatutako akats bateratzaileei eta aldaera berriei esker, edizioen arteko filiazio harreman proposamena egitea lortu dugu (constitutio stemmatis codicum).
Azaleko erredurak: Gaur egungo egoera, terapia eskuragarriak eta etorkizuneko terapiak
Authors: Ugarte Teran Paula , Igartua Olaechea Manoli , Hernández Martín Rosa María , Santos Vizcaíno Edorta
Published: April 2024

Azala gizakion organorik handiena da, eta bertako lesioak, hala nola erredurak, gizartean geroz eta garrantzia handiagoa hartzen ari dira. Erredurak hainbat kausaren ondorio izan daitezke, eta, oro har, lesio horietan azaleko geruzak —epidermisa, dermisa eta/edo hipodermisa— kaltetuko dira; zenbait kasutan baita bestelako organo batzuk ere. Lesioak arinak badira, tratamendu berezirik gabe sendatuko dira. Baina, larriak diren kasuan —lan honetan aztertuko direnak—, tratamendua eraginkorra izan dadin terapia berezietara jo beharra dago. Gaur egun, erredura larriak tratatu eta azalaren egitura berreskuratzeko, merkatuan hainbat terapia daude: injertoak, eta ordezko dermikoak, oinarri zelularrekoak zein oinarri zelularrik gabekoak. Guztiek erreduren tratamendurako duten erabilgarritasuna frogatu den arren, oraindik guztiek hobekuntzarako tartea dutela ere ondorioztatu da. Hori horrela, terapia horietan oinarritutako berrikuntzak eta terapia edo teknologia berriak aztertzen ari dira; adibidez, ingeniaritza genetikoa, 3D bioinprimaketa, nano partikuletan oinarritutako teknologiak eta zelula ama-mesenkimaletan (MSC) oinarritutako terapiak. Hori dela-eta, lan honetan merkatuan dauden terapien ekintza mekanismoak zein diren, bakoitza zer kasutan erabil daitekeen eta bakoitzak zer abantaila eta desabantaila dituen azalduko da. Desabantaila horiek —prezioa, eraginkortasuna eta produkzioa batez ere— hobetzeko jarraitutako pausoak eta ikerkuntzan dauden terapiak ere aztertu dira. Terapia berri horiei buruzko ikerketak urriak dira, eta erronkak ugariak. Hala ere, uste da ikerkuntza berriak erredura larriak tratatzeko eraginkorrak izango direla.
Klik kimika: erabilera askotariko erreakzio Nobel sariduna
Authors: Diaz-Galbarriatu Maria , Sánchez-Bodón Julia , Moreno-Benítez Isabel , Vilas-Vilela José Luis
Published: April 2024

2022ko Kimikako Nobel saria Carolyn R. Bertozzik, Morten Meldalek eta Karl B. Sharplessek jaso zuten, konposatu desberdinak modu azkar eta eraginkorrean egiteko prozedura berria garatu zutelako, klik kimika deritzona. Klik erreakzioek hainbat abantaila aurkezten dituzte: adibidez, esperimentalki errazak dira, erreakzio baldintza anitz toleratzen dituzte, oso selektiboak eta erregioespezifikoak dira eta etekin kuantitatiboak ematen dituzte. Gainera, ez dira oxigenoarekiko eta urarekiko sentikorrak, eta isolatze etapa erraza duten erreakzioak dira. Horretaz gain, klik erreakzioak lau talde nagusitan banatu daitezke: ordezkapen nukleozalea, zikloadizioak, karboniloen erreakzio ez-aldolikoak eta C-C lotura anizkoitzen gaineko adizio erreakzioak. Aipatutako baldintzak betetzen dituzten erreakzioen artean, kobrez katalizaturiko azida eta alkino 1,3-zikloadizioa klik erreakzio ezagunena da. Izan ere, oso erabilia izan da hainbat eremutan, hala nola, materialen kimikan, biokimikan edo kimika medikoan. Esate baterako, aktibitate biologikoa duten molekulak gainazal metaliko edo polimerikoen gainean biokonjugatzeko, farmako berriak garatzeko, propietate hobeak dituzten material termoegonkorrak garatzeko eta katalizatzaile gisa erabil daitezkeen hidrogelak eratzeko erabili izan ohi da. Gainera, Bertozzik klik kimika aurrerago eraman zuen, sistema biologikoetan erabili ahal den kobrerik gabeko klik erreakzioa garatu zuen, kimika bio-ortogonala sortuz. Horretarako, zitotoxikoa den kobre katalizatzailea baztertu zuen alkinoen erreaktibitatea areagotzen duen prozeduran oinarrituz. Are gehiago, erreakzio hau biomolekulen eta minbizi-zelulen markatze kobalenterako erabili izan da zelula biziak erabiliz; baita minbiziaren kontrako farmakoak daramatzaten nanopartikulak tumorea selektiboki metatzeko estrategia bezala ere.
El SDPAN en Barcelona: devolución y depósito del patrimonio artístico incautado durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Mateos Rusillo Santos M.
Published: April 2024

Acabada la Guerra Civil española, la dictadura franquista emprendió la labor de identificación y devolución del patrimonio artístico que había sido incautado a coleccionistas privados por la Generalitat de Cataluña en 1936. El organismo responsable de las devoluciones sería el Servicio de Defensa del Patrimonio Artístico Nacional (SDPAN), que entre 1939 y 1947 realizaría multitud de gestiones cuyo objetivo era la devolución a sus propietarios o el depósito a terceros. El artículo, centrado en Barcelona, presenta un inventario de casos que permiten aproximarse al funcionamiento de aquella maquinaria administrativa franquista.
Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin plus clopidogrel therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated thromboembolism in cats
Authors: Jaturanratsamee Kotchapol , Jiwaganont Palin , Panprom Chattida , Petchdee Soontaree
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Cardiogenic embolism (CE) is a common complication of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to severe clinical symptoms. This study compared the effects of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin combined with clopidogrel on cats.

Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. In this study, rivaroxaban or enoxaparin plus clopidogrel was prescribed to 23 cats for at least one of the following events: Abnormal movement of the anterior mitral leaflet during systole, enlargement of the left atrium, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, or presence of arterial thromboembolism. Oral rivaroxaban (2.5 mg, q24 h) was prescribed to six cats. Subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg, q24 h) plus oral clopidogrel (3 mg/kg, PO q24 h) for 60 days were administered to 17 cats. Renal insufficiency and bleeding complications were observed. Plasma concentrations of D-dimer, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between echocardiography parameters and the effects of coagulation. Blood samples were collected from all cats at baseline and at 1 and 2 months post-treatment.

Results: Rivaroxaban alone and in combination with enoxaparin and clopidogrel significantly affected PT and INR. In cats treated with 2.5 mg/kg rivaroxaban for 60 days, no bleeding or recurrence of thrombus formation was observed. These data support the use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism in cats.

Conclusion: Treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism with rivaroxaban alone demonstrated clinical effectiveness with no clinical complications in cats.

Keywords: cardiomyopathy, D-dimer, echocardiography, prothrombin time.
La frontera de Europa en África: reacciones sociales online ante la crisis migratoria de Ceuta en cinco idiomas europeos
Authors: Mariscal-de-Gante Álvaro
Published: April 2024

Aunque las crisis migratorias tienen implicaciones cruciales para la sociedad, la política y la diplomacia en España, este estudio representa el primer análisis computacional de reacciones online ante una crisis migratoria española desde el surgimiento de la extrema derecha. Al analizar 195 000 tweets sobre la crisis de Ceuta en 2021, encontramos que VOX desempeñó un papel importante en la discusión. Sin embargo, la crítica a los inmigrantes no fue la única, ni siquiera la reacción predominante: las opiniones sociales se dirigieron a diversos actores políticos, diplomáticos, humanitarios y de políticas públicas. Además, este estudio es el primero en evaluar la discusión en otros cuatro idiomas europeos, algo crucial para una frontera externa de la UE. Los resultados confirman un interés limitado, con la comunidad internacional y la de habla hispana percibiendo principalmente la crisis como un conflicto (diplomático) bilateral. La UE fue relevante solo entre los primeros, mientras que los últimos también reaccionaron a la crisis estando en contra o a favor del Gobierno. En cambio, la presencia de usuarios que afirmaban la soberanía marroquí y/o un boicot de productos españoles fue destacada, especialmente en inglés y francés.
Discurso político ante el multiculturalismo de la derecha española: un análisis comparado entre PP y Vox
Authors: León-Ranero José M. , Cheddadi El Haddad Zakariae
Published: April 2024

La cuestión del multiculturalismo en un contexto español de crecimiento electoral del partido de derecha radical Vox tiene una importancia renovada. Este artículo analiza de forma comparada los discursos acerca del multiculturalismo de los principales partidos de centro-derecha y derecha radical en España. A través del análisis de contenido aplicado a una nueva base de datos de mensajes en Twitter de las principales cuentas del PP y Vox, se concluye que si bien ambos partidos utilizan una estrategia pragmática basada en críticas utilitaristas a las políticas multiculturales, Vox, que cuenta con el discurso más opuesto al multiculturalismo de la derecha española, difiere del centro-derecha nacional en que presenta un discurso con un patrón argumentativo basado en la diferenciación identitaria, a diferencia de la expresión puramente pragmática del PP.