bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of the Radiographic Diagnosis and Treatment of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Williams Gerald R. , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Tucker Bradford S. , Dines Joshua S. , Altchek David W. , Dodson Christopher C.
Published: October 2012

The management of acromioclavicular joint separations, in particular Rockwood types III and V, remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the observer reliability of shoulder surgeons when presented with the same cases of acromioclavicular joint separations. The authors retrospectively identified 28 patients who were diagnosed with a type III, IV, or V acromioclavicular joint separation. A PowerPoint presentation was compiled that contained an anteroposterior and axial radiograph from each patient prior to treatment. Radiographs were sent to surgeons, who diagnosed each injury according to the Rockwood classification and stated whether they recommended operative or nonoperative treatment for each patient.

Inter- and intraobserver reliability were calculated from the surgeons’ reviews. Repeat diagnoses were returned by 8 surgeons. A single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine interobserver reliability for the surgeons’ Rockwood classifications (ICC=0.602) and their decision to operate (ICC=0.469). Intraobserver reliability also was calculated for Rockwood classifications (ρ=0.694) and decision to operate (κ=0.366). Two (25%) of 8 surgeons stated that they would have used open and arthroscopic techniques for repairing the dislocations, whereas the remaining (75%) surgeons would have performed open techniques. Individual surgeons were consistent in their grading of acromioclavicular joint dislocations, but less observer agreement existed among the surgeons. Poor agreement among surgeons for the decision to operate indicates that this decision is heavily influenced by clinical factors and the radiographic classification.
Risk Factors for Failed Closed Reduction of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Beck John D. , Riehl John T. , Moore Blake E. , Deegan John H. , Sartorius Jennifer , Graham John , Mirenda William M.
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures at a Level I trauma center. Data were analyzed to identify risk factors associated with closed reduction failure. Closed pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures that were treated at the authors’ trauma center between October 1997 and January 2009 were reviewed. The main outcome variable was necessity of open reduction. To determine which factors were independently associated with a failed closed reduction, a multivariate logistic model was fit predicting open reduction status.

A total of 174 patients required operative treatment. Of these, 23 underwent open reduction and 151 underwent with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. For patients who required open reduction, 39.1% had an associated injury compared with 14.6% of patients treated with closed reduction (
P
=.008). Average time from presentation to surgery was 4.1 hours in the open reduction and 6.3 hours in the closed reduction group (
P
=.049). Risk factors that significantly predicted failure of closed reduction were the presence of an associated injury, initial fracture displacement, and Gartland type III fracture (
P
=.008, .03, and .023, respectively).

Associated injury, large initial fracture displacement, and Gartland type III factures were statistically significant independent risk factors for closed reduction failure. Increased time from injury to presentation demonstrated a trend toward open reduction. Consideration should be given to the expedient transfer of patients with type III supracondylar humerus fractures with associated injuries when definitive care will be provided at another institution.
Stand-alone Anchored Spacer Versus Anterior Plate for Multilevel Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yang Lili , Gu Yifei , Liang Lei , Gao Rui , Shi Sheng , Shi Jueqian , Yuan Wen
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and radiological changes of 3- and 4-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with stand-alone anchored spacers and with traditional anterior plates. A total of 51 consecutive patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent 3- or 4-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion were divided into 2 groups: group A (n=23) received anchored spacers and group B (n=28) received an anterior plate. Mean follow-up was 14.6 months. Solid fusion was achieved in all patients at final follow-up. No significant difference existed between multilevel anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with stand-alone anchored implants and with an anterior cervical plate in achieving clinical symptomatic improvement, fusion rate, and lordotic curvature improvement. The dysphagia rate of group A at 2-month follow-up was significantly lower than that of group B. No statistically significant difference existed between the 2 groups at the other time points. Swallowing Quality of Life of group A at 48 hours and 2 months postoperatively were significantly higher than those of group B. The thickness of the prevetebral soft tissue at 48 hours and 2 months postoperatively were significantly lower in group A than in group B. Compared with using an anterior plate, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with a stand-alone anchored spacer achieved a similar clinical outcome with less irritation to the prevertebral soft tissue and a lower dysphagia rate in the first 2 months.
Parameters for Lateral Extent of Dissection During Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Sadhu Anita , Ahn Nicholas U.
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this anatomic study was to determine the extent of lateral dissection that can be performed during anterior cervical decompression and fusion to maximize decompression without compromising the vertebral arteries. Although vertebral artery injury is rare, it is sometimes catastrophic and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have attempted to establish standards for surgical anatomy during anterior cervical decompression and fusion; however, none have accounted for significant degenerative changes that occur with increased age.

The uncus-to-uncus distance, representing part of the vertebral endplate, of 500 cervical spine specimens was measured at each vertebral level from C3 to C7. The corresponding femoral head diameter (a correlate of body mass index) was also measured. These values were used to determine whether a specific uncus-to-uncus distance exists per vertebral level regardless of age, and whether the uncus-to-uncus distance becomes more specific when correlated with body mass index. According to the data, uncus-to-uncus distance increases between each vertebral level, and each level has a range of approximately 6 mm. The range does not decrease when compared with femoral head diameter. Although a statistically significant, positive correlation existed between uncus-to-uncus distance and femoral head diameter, the correlation coefficient was not large enough to suggest that uncus-to-uncus distance varies greatly from femoral head diameter. Although anatomical markers such as the distance between the uncinate processes can aid surgeons in safe decompression of the cervical vertebrae, vertebral artery injury is best avoided by thorough pre- and intraoperative radiological and anatomical analysis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Cystic Pilomatricoma in an Ankle Joint
Authors: Cha Jang Gyu , Lee Young Koo , Kim Hee Kyung
Published: October 2012

Pilomatricoma, also known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is an asymptomatic, slow-growing, benign dermal neoplasm that originates from hair cortex cells. The most common sites are the head and neck (68.2%), followed by the trunk (14.4%) and the upper (15.3%) and lower (2%) extremities. The majority (60%–70%) of tumors develop in the first 2 decades of life. A typical pilomatricoma presents as a firm, calcified, dermal nodule appearing as a solid mass in subcutaneous tissue on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

This article describes the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with nontender soft tissue swelling in the right ankle joint. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging findings showed an inflamed cystic mass with calcification in the lateral malleolar area of the right ankle joint. These atypical magnetic resonance imaging features around the ankle joint led to confusion with other disease entities, including chronic bursitis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, rheumatoid nodules, and gout. After complete excision of the mass, histological examination revealed a cystic pilomatricoma.

Although rare, a cystic pilomatricoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses with calcification.
Use of Simple Algorithms to Predict Screw Length Facilitates Navigation-controlled Medial Opening-wedge Osteotomy Using the TomoFix HTO System
Authors: Kim Tae Kyun , Chang Chong Bum , Lee Kyung Hag , Cho Hyung June , Je Min Soo , Won Ho Hyun , Kang Yeon Gwi
Published: October 2012

This study was performed to establish simple algorithms to predict proper screw lengths for the 4 proximal holes of TomoFix plates (Synthes GmbH; Solothurn, Switzerland) based on radiographic mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions of the proximal tibia and to determine how well these algorithms function for navigation-controlled medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) using TomoFix. Experimental HTO surgery was performed in proximal tibial models manufactured for 30 patients undergoing HTO to determine the longest screw lengths for the 4 proximal holes of TomoFix plates. Eight algorithms were created for the 4 proximal screws by investigating the relationships between measured screw lengths and radiographic dimensions and were used for 30 navigation-controlled medial opening-wedge HTOs. The algorithms used to predict screw length were: screw A=ML width−20 mm and AP length+5 mm; screw B=ML width−25 mm and AP length; screw C=ML width−35 mm and AP length−10 mm; and screw D=ML width−40 mm and AP length−15 mm. All 30 surgeries were performed with no perioperative adverse events. Mean operative time was 47.1 minutes, and no far cortex perforation of more than 3 mm was observed for any of the 4 proximal screws. Mean mechanical tibiofemoral angle and weight load line coordinate at the knee joint were valgus 3.7° and 62.9%, respectively. Targeted alignment was achieved in 28 (93%) knees for a mechanical tibiofemoral angle between valgus 2° and 6°, and in 25 (83%) knees for a weight load line coordinate between 55% and 70%. The authors propose the use of the developed algorithms to select proper screw lengths for medial opening wedge HTO using the TomoFix HTO system.
Influence of a Secondary Downsizing of the Femoral Component on the Extension Gap: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sriphirom Pornpavit , Raungthong Nathee , Chutchawan Pirapon , Thiranon Chaiyot , Sukandhavesa Nantawit
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a secondary reduction of the femoral component size on flexion and extension gaps intraoperatively in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA) monitored by computer-assisted surgery. The authors hypothesized that cutting additional bone on the posterior femoral condyle may increase the extension gap due to the posterior capsule and soft tissue loosening.

Reduction of the femoral component size was performed by additional 4-in-1 cuts after the PS-TKA on 15 cadaveric knees using a ligamentous tension device with the aid of computer-assisted surgery. Measurements of the medial and lateral flexion gaps, as well as the medial and lateral extension gaps, were recorded before and after reducing the femoral component size. Trial components were used from a mobile-bearing total knee system.

After reducing the femoral component size, the medial and lateral flexion and extension gaps measured larger than their initial size. The mean increases of the medial extension and flexion gaps and the lateral extension and flexion gaps were 1.3±0.9, 1.0±1.2, 1.1±1.2, and 1.3±1.3 mm, respectively; all 4 differences were significant (
P
⩽.05). Surgeons should be aware of the effect of downsizing components intraoperatively because it might lead to an extension laxity. Thus, a downsizing of the femoral component may compromise the postoperative stability of TKA.
Posterior Tibial Slope in Medial Opening-wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: 2-D Versus 3-D Navigation
Authors: Yim Ji Hyeon , Seon Jong Keun , Song Eun Kyoo
Published: October 2012

Although opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is used to correct deformities, it can simultaneously alter tibial slope in the sagittal plane because of the triangular configuration of the proximal tibia, and this undesired change in tibial slope can influence knee kinematics, stability, and joint contact pressure. Therefore, medial opening-wedge HTO is a technically demanding procedure despite the use of 2-dimensional (2-D) navigation.

The authors evaluated the posterior tibial slope pre- and postoperatively in patients who underwent navigation-assisted opening-wedge HTO and compared posterior slope changes for 2-D and 3-dimensional (3-D) navigation versions. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the navigation system used: group A (2-D guidance for coronal alignment; 17 patients) and group B (3-D guidance for coronal and sagittal alignments; 17 patients). Postoperatively, the mechanical axis was corrected to a mean valgus of 2.81° (range, 1°–5.4°) in group A and 3.15° (range, 1.5°–5.6°) in group B. A significant intergroup difference existed for the amount of posterior tibial slope change (Δ slope) pre- and postoperatively (
P
=.04).

Opening-wedge HTO using navigation offers accurate alignment of the lower limb. In particular, the use of 3-D navigation results in significantly less change in the posterior tibial slope postoperatively than does the use of 2-D navigation. Accordingly, the authors recommend the use of 3-D navigation systems because they provide real-time intraoperative information about coronal, sagittal, and transverse axes and guide the maintenance of the native posterior tibial slope.
Effective Fuzzy Ontology Based Distributed Document Using Non-Dominated Ranked Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Thangamani M. , Thangaraj P.
Published: October 2012

The increase in the number of documents has aggravated the difficulty of classifying those documents according to specific needs. Clustering analysis in a distributed environment is a thrust area in artificial intelligence and data mining. Its fundamental task is to utilize characters to compute the degree of related corresponding relationship between objects and to accomplish automatic classification without earlier knowledge. Document clustering utilizes clustering technique to gather the documents of high resemblance collectively by computing the documents resemblance. Recent studies have shown that ontologies are useful in improving the performance of document clustering. Ontology is concerned with the conceptualization of a domain into an individual identifiable format and machine-readable format containing entities, attributes, relationships, and axioms. By analyzing types of techniques for document clustering, a better clustering technique depending on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is determined. Non-Dominated Ranked Genetic Algorithm (NRGA) is used in this paper for clustering, which has the capability of providing a better classification result. The experiment is conducted in 20 newsgroups data set for evaluating the proposed technique. The result shows that the proposed approach is very effective in clustering the documents in the distributed environment.
Acquired Long QT Syndrome: Frequency, Onset, and Risk Factors in Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Kozik Teri M. , Wung Shu-Fen
Published: October 2012

Background

Acquired long QT syndrome is a reversible condition that can lead to torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death.

Objective

To determine the frequency, onset, frequency of medications, and risk factors for the syndrome in intensive care patients.

Methods

In a retrospective chart review of 88 subjects, hourly corrected QT intervals calculated by using the Bazett formula were collected. Acquired long QT syndrome was defined as a corrected QT of 500 milliseconds or longer or an increase in corrected QT of 60 milliseconds or greater from baseline level. Risk factors and medications administered were collected from patients’ medical records.

Results

The syndrome occurred in 46 patients (52%); mean time of onset was 7.4 hours (SD, 9.4) from time of admission. Among the 88 patients, 52 (59%) received a known QTc-prolonging medication. Among the 46 with the syndrome, 23 (50%) received a known QT-prolonging medication. No other risk factor studied was significantly predictive of the syndrome.

Conclusions

Acquired long QT syndrome occurs in patients not treated with a known QT-prolonging medication, indicating the importance of frequent QT monitoring of all intensive care patients.
C/EBPβ Is Involved in the Amplification of Early Granulocyte Precursors during Candidemia-Induced “Emergency” Granulopoiesis
Authors: Satake Sakiko , Hirai Hideyo , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Shime Nobuaki , Tamura Akihiro , Yao Hisayuki , Yoshioka Satoshi , Miura Yasuo , Inaba Tohru , Fujita Naohisa , Ashihara Eishi , Imanishi Jiro , Sawa Teiji , Maekawa Taira
Published: October 2012

Granulopoiesis is tightly regulated to meet host demands during both “steady-state” and “emergency” situations, such as infections. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) plays critical roles in emergency granulopoiesis, but the precise developmental stages in which C/EBPβ is required are unknown. In this study, a novel flow cytometric method was developed that successfully dissected mouse bone marrow cells undergoing granulopoiesis into five distinct subpopulations (#1–5) according to their levels of c-Kit and Ly-6G expression. After the induction of candidemia, rapid mobilization of mature granulocytes and an increase in early granulocyte precursors accompanied by cell cycle acceleration was followed by a gradual increase in granulocytes originating from the immature populations. Upon infection, C/EBPβ was upregulated at the protein level in all the granulopoietic subpopulations. The rapid increase in immature subpopulations #1 and #2 observed in C/EBPβ knockout mice at 1 d postinfection was attenuated. Candidemia-induced cell cycle acceleration and proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitors were also impaired. Taken together, these data suggest that C/EBPβ is involved in the efficient amplification of early granulocyte precursors during candidemia-induced emergency granulopoiesis.
Human rights, property and the search for ‘worlds other’*
Authors: Grear Anna
Published: October 2012

While some accounts of rights and property paradigms see property as an inherent incident of a colonizing form of human rights law and discourse, others draw out the contradictions between them, suggesting that human rights and property have opposing impulses towards inclusion and exclusion respectively. While not rejecting the insights of either of these positions, the author argues that a fundamental ambivalence lies at the heart of human rights law and discourse demonstrating both oppressive and emancipatory potential. This ambivalence is, the author argues, also internal to the Western property concept – a claim facilitating a renewed emphasis upon property's inclusory potential as an institutional foundation for a more eco-humane and vulnerability-responsive ordering of legal relations.
Absolute Level of Gamma Synchrony is Increased in FirstEpisode Schizophrenia during Face Processing
Authors: Silverstein Steven M. , All Sherrie D. , Thompson Judy L. , Williams Leanne M. , Whitford Thomas J. , Nagy Marie , Flynn Gary , Harris Anthony WF. , Galletly Cherrie , Gordon Evian
Published: October 2012

Most studies of gamma band synchrony in schizophrenia conclude that it is reduced, relative to what is observed in healthy people, during stimulus processing. However, these findings may, in part, be an artifact of greater absolute levels of synchrony in schizophrenia even at baseline. We examined absolute level of gamma band synchrony before and during emotionally neutral face processing in 28 patients with schizophrenia after their first episode of psychosis (FES) (20 male) and 71 controls (53 male) across a range of frequency bins, brain regions and time-bands. We also examined how absolute synchrony prior to stimulus onset related to synchrony change during stimulus processing, and how it related to symptoms. The FES group showed greater absolute gamma synchrony across all time-points in frontal and temporal regions. Baseline absolute synchrony predicted post-stimulus change in these regions in a pattern consistent with previous reports. However, synchrony change was not related to symptoms. These results support the recommendation that studies in this field should examine baseline absolute synchrony when attempting to characterize task-related gamma synchrony in schizophrenia.
Theoretical study of solar light reflectance from vertical snow surfaces
Authors: Nikolaeva O. V. , Kokhanovsky A. A.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The influence of horizontal and vertical inhomegeneity of snow surfaces on solar light reflectance is studied using the radiative transfer theory (RTT). We found that large errors are produced if the 1-D RTT is used for the calculation of snow reflection function (and, therefore, also in the retrievals of the snow grain radii) in 3-D measurement geometries. Such 3-D geometries are common in the procedures for the determination of the effective snow grain radii using near infrared photography and spectroscopy of vertical snow walls.
A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded
Authors: Cullen N. J. , Sirguey P. , Mölg T. , Kaser G. , Winkler M. , Fitzsimons S. J.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. A new and consistent time series of glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro over the last century has been established by re-interpreting two historical maps and processing nine satellite images, which removes uncertainty about the location and extent of past and present ice bodies. Three-dimensional visualization techniques were used in conjunction with aerial and ground-based photography to facilitate the interpretation of ice boundaries over eight epochs between 1912 and 2011. The glaciers have retreated from their former extent of 11.40 km2 in 1912 to 1.76 km2 in 2011, which represents a total loss of about 85% of the ice cover over the last 100 yr. The total loss of ice cover is in broad agreement with previous estimates but to further characterize the spatial and temporal variability of glacier retreat a cluster analysis using topographical information (elevation, slope and aspect) was performed to segment the ice cover as observed in 1912, which resulted in three glacier zones being identified. Linear extrapolation of the retreat in each of the three identified glacier assemblages imply the ice cover on the western slopes of Kilimanjaro will be gone before 2020, while the remaining ice bodies on the plateau and southern slopes will most likely disappear by 2040. It is highly unlikely that any body of ice will be present on Kilimanjaro after 2060 if present-day climatological conditions are maintained. Importantly, the geo-statistical approach developed in this study provides us with an additional tool to characterize the physical processes governing glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro. It remains clear that to use glacier response to unravel past climatic conditions on Kilimanjaro the transition from growth to decay of the plateau glaciers must be further resolved, in particular the mechanisms responsible for vertical cliff development.
Exponential Stability for a Class of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Mixed Time-Varying Delays via an Average Dwell-Time Method
Authors: Yotha N. , Botmart T. , Mouktonglang T.
Published: October 2012

The problem of exponential stability for a class of switched nonlinear systems with discrete and distributed time-varying delays is studied. The constraint on the derivative of the time-varying delay is not required which allows the time delay to be a fast time-varying function. We study the stability properties of switched nonlinear systems consisting of both stable and unstable subsystems. Average dwell-time approached and improved piecewise Lyapunov functional combined with Leibniz-Newton are formulated. New delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the exponential stabilization of the switched systems are first established in terms of LMIs. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Detection and Characterisation of Cardiovascular Disease: Key Studies
Authors: Yabsley Warren , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Fisher Julie
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To review the available literature on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in cardiovascular disease identification and aetiology.Methods. A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed journals for the period January 2000 to June 2012 was performed using EMBASE and Web of Knowledge (WOK) databases. Several hundred reports were identified. Abstract searching led to the selection of articles included.Results. Numerous studies show the breadth of applications of NMR spectroscopy in relation to cardiovascular disease including lipid and lipoprotein formation, structure, and drug interaction. Lipoprotein and metabolite profiles have been shown to vary with many manifestations of cardiovascular disease.Conclusion. The inherent accuracy and reproducibility of NMR spectroscopy allow subtle differences in lipoprotein and metabolic profiles to be detected. As more information is obtained and cardiovascular disease applications of NMR spectroscopy increase, there is potential that a route towards reducing the burden of this worldwide problem may become evident.
“Overlapping Consensus” on “Overlapping Consensus”
Authors: Shijun Tong ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

Many people show great interest in the idea of “overlapping consensus” proposed by John Rawls. On the basis of a careful reading of different understandings of this idea, or the “overlapping consensus” on the idea of “overlapping consensus,” we can say that there are three levels of “overlapping consensus.” At the first level, people with different positions treat each other in the same reasonable attitude. At the second level, people holding different values support the same norms on the basis of their respective values or by taking each other’s perspectives in the moral discourse. At the third level, people who currently hold different “moral sources” of the shared norms are never-the-less ready to be engaged in a common learning process that aims for a “fusion of horizons” in the future. Overlapping consensuses at all these levels should not only be discussed in political philosophy, or discovered in political culture, but also constructed in political practice.
L’idée de renaissance
Authors: Saint-Sernin Bertrand ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

The term “Renaissance” usually applies to a period in European history during which the Greco-Latin culture was rediscovered and modern science started. We show that “the Idea of Renaissance” indicates a universal process: a community (a nation, for example), identifying needs that it does not know how to satisfy by itself, and recognising that another community already satisfies them, tries first to acclimate the external process, and then becomes a creative entity. Several interpretations of this process have already been given: we study three of them: the law of the three states by Auguste Comte, the notion of “a single revolution” in Kant’s Critic of Pure Reason and Critic of Judgement, and the notion of “scientific revolution” by A. A. Cournot. Thus conceived, Renaissance means a challenge in which all cultures are equally involved: discovering, even elsewhere, the means of satisfy needs which are related to scientific knowledge and know-how; trying to assimilate them; and making them productive and indigenous by becoming creative.
A New Age in the History of Philosophy
Authors: Dussel Enrique ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

This paper argues the following points: (1) It is necessary to affirm that humanity has always sought to address certain “core universal problems” that are present in all cultures. (2) The rational responses to these “core problems” first appear as mythical narratives. (3) The formulation of categorical philosophical discourses is a subsequent development in human rationality, which does not however negate all mythical narratives. (4) Modern European philosophy confused its economic, political, and cultural domination, and the resulting crises in other philosophical traditions, with a Eurocentric universality claim, which must be questioned. (5) There are universal aspects in which all regional philosophies coincide, and which respond to the “core problems” at an abstract level. (6) All of this impels entry into a new age of inter-philosophical dialogue, respectful of differences and open to learning from other traditions. (7) A new philosophical project must be developed that is capable of going beyond Eurocentric philosophical modernity, by shaping a global transmodern pluriverse.
Towards Cosmopolitanism in East and West
Authors: Imamichi Tomonobu ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

The numbers of unfortunate deaths in the twentieth century were the highest compared with any previous century. Such an increase obviates any excuses The idea of technological possibility itself is one of the most basic causes of the destruction of nature in our new human milieu today, the technological conjuncture. But we human beings are also a part of nature. Therefore, without a new ethics understood as eco-ethica nature itself cannot fulfill the necessary conditions for the survival of human beings. For the first time owing to the technological conjuncture human beings bear full responsibility for all human beings tomorrow, for the future of humanity. Nature is no longer just a means to be exploited for the development of human civilization but also a model for how human civilization is to survive. The two great humanistic traditions, Western and Eastern, have developed the same content at the same level. People in the two worlds are really preparing a new cosmopolitanism.
Mind the Gap
Authors: Cheneval Francis ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

Globalization stands for systemic integration, mainly economical and technological. It is related to the expansion of the free market economy, trade, and the global integration of systems of communication and information technology. As such, globalization co-exists with strong cultural affirmations of individual and collective difference and with political fragmentation. Cosmopolitanism needs to take into consideration cultural and political conditions of human existence. The cosmopolitan imperative to form a political community beyond the nation state is a process-guiding principle or regulative ideal, not an institutional blueprint. Cosmopolitanism needs to stress the voluntary character of integration among self-governed peoples who are willing to enhance the transnational rights and freedoms of their citizens while accepting institutional constraints.
Towards an Ethic of Technology? Nanotechnology and the Convergence of Applied Ethics
Authors: Parizeau Marie-Hélène ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

The hypothesis I develop involves that we have been witnessing, during the last ten years or so, an interpenetration in the area of applied ethics of certain concepts originally belonging to different areas of ethics, namely bioethics, environmental ethics, and also business ethics. Certain concepts such as “future generations,” “consent,” “precautionary principle,” “intrinsic value,” “global governance,” “sustainable development,” or “scientific uncertainty” are becoming “thick ethical concepts,” in the terminology of metaethics; or in the terminology of American pragmatism: “living beliefs.” They are now charged with strong moral contents that unfolds a new horizon of meaning at the heart of Western Modernity, a horizon largely defined by science and technical actions. Nevertheless, is this conceptual convergence in the area of applied ethics the sign of the coming of a new ethic of technique? I will discuss this topic taking as an example the case of nanotechnology.
Nowhere is always Now and Here
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a critical reflection on the attempts to determine the historical meaning of the present situation as a philosophical topic. To determine the specific interpretative character of the diagnostics of our contemporary situation—beyond both absolute knowledge and arbitrary thinking—this paper argues that “now” and “here” need to be defined in accordance with the concepts of “historical time” and “inhabited space.” This has been made possible as a result of the recent metamorphosis within the hermeneutical tradition.
Asian Naturalism
Authors: Keel Hee-Sung ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

Naturalism is a pan-Asian view of the world and way of life. Unlike the atheistic naturalism in the West, Asian naturalism, which rests upon an organic view of the world as represented by key concepts such as the Dao, Heaven, and Emptiness, is basically spiritual. Going beyond the traditional Western antithesis of naturalism and supernaturalism, matter and spirit, it can even be called “supernatural naturalism.” As a living example of Asian naturalism, this article examines the ethics of threefold reverence: reverence toward Heaven, all human beings, and all beings, animate and inanimate. Threefold reverence constitutes the cardinal teaching of Cheondogyo or the Eastern Learning, a native Korean religio-philosophical movement which arose in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The ecological-environmental crisis of our age cannot be overcome without a fundamental change in our attitude toward nature. Recovering humanity’s primal sense of reverence toward all beings in nature is a vital part of this change.
Time and Self
Authors: Taylor Mark C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

Kierkegaard’s critique of Hegel and Hegelianism anticipates major twentieth-century philosophical movements ranging from structuralism, existentialism, and phenomenology, to post-structuralism and postmodernism. This paper analyzes Kierkegaard’s interpretation of the relationship between subjectivity and temporality in pivotal passages in The Sickness Unto Death and The Concept of Anxiety. Heidegger’s account of the interplay between presentation (Darstellung) and representation (Vorstellung) imagination points to Kant’s theory of the imagination and suggests the way in which the Kierkegaardian subject is constituted by an irreducible alterity that is never present but is always already past. The infinite qualitative difference of the divine is reflected in the inescapable interiority of the subject. Kierkegaard’s abyssal other returns in Barth’s wholly other God, Heidegger’s aletheia, Derrida’s différance, and Lacan’s real. For each of these writers, subjectivity is haunted by another it can neither exclude nor appropriate. This interior exteriority is the condition of the possibility of both desire and hope.
Rethinking Philosophy as Power of the Word
Authors: Kemp Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2012

If ‘power’ means cultural and political influence, philosophy has become a global world power. Philosophical argumentation and reflection constitute a non-economical, non-technological, and non-military power by the word that is capable of challenging the other powers, exposing lies and illusions, and proposing a better world as dwelling for humanity.Often the power of the philosophical word has been ignored, when philosophy was seen as pure description, pure reference, an innocent mirror, that forgets itself and make us present to things. However, if philosophy has the power of the word, not all kinds of philosophizing are necessarily good for humanity. It can be very seducing for a group, and give food for mass suggestion making that appeals to the worst part of ourselves. We have learnt to understand how philosophy in itself may not only enlighten and liberate, but also seduce and manipulate. Today, philosophy has lost its innocence; we cannot philosophize without reflection on our linguistic practice. But we philosophers are not only called to understand ourselves. We must also contribute to developing an understanding of the power of the word more generally. And as citizens of the world, we must recognize that humiliation of others might be the most brutal violence we can practice without directly killing.
Apoptotic Susceptibility to DNA Damage of Pluripotent Stem Cells Facilitates Pharmacologic Purging of Teratoma Risk
Authors: Smith Alyson J. , Nelson Natalie G. , Oommen Saji , Hartjes Katherine A. , Folmes Clifford D. , Terzic Andre , Nelson Timothy J.
Published: October 2012

Pluripotent stem cells have been the focus of bioengineering efforts designed to generate regenerative products, yet harnessing therapeutic capacity while minimizing risk of dysregulated growth remains a challenge. The risk of residual undifferentiated stem cells within a differentiated progenitor population requires a targeted approach to eliminate contaminating cells prior to delivery. In this study we aimed to validate a toxicity strategy that could selectively purge pluripotent stem cells in response to DNA damage and avoid risk of uncontrolled cell growth upon transplantation. Compared with somatic cell types, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells displayed hypersensitivity to apoptotic induction by genotoxic agents. Notably, hypersensitivity in pluripotent stem cells was stage-specific and consistently lost upon in vitro differentiation, with the mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration increasing nearly 2 orders of magnitude with tissue specification. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated that the innate response was mediated through upregulation of the BH3-only protein Puma in both natural and induced pluripotent stem cells. Pretreatment with genotoxic etoposide purged hypersensitive pluripotent stem cells to yield a progenitor population refractory to teratoma formation upon transplantation. Collectively, this study exploits a hypersensitive apoptotic response to DNA damage within pluripotent stem cells to decrease risk of dysregulated growth and augment the safety profile of transplant-ready, bioengineered progenitor cells.
Enriched-Data Problems and Essential Non-Identifiability
Authors: Molenberghs Geert , Njagi Edmund Njeru , Kenward Michael G. , Verbeke Geert
Published: October 2012

There are two principal ways in which statistical models extend beyond the data available. First, the data may be coarsened, that is, what is actually observed is less detailed than what is planned, owing to, for example, attrition, censoring, grouping, or a combination of these. Second, the data may be augmented, that is, the observed data are hypothetically but conveniently supplemented with structures such as random effects, latent variables, latent classes, or component membership in mixture distributions. These two settings together will be referred to as enriched data. Reasons for modelling enriched data include the incorporation of substantive information, such as the need for predictions, advantages in interpretation, and mathematical and computational convenience. The fitting of models for enriched data combine evidence arising from empirical data with non-verifiable model components, i.e., that are purely assumption driven. This has important implications for the interpretation of statistical analyses in such settings. While widely known, the exploration and discussion of these issues is somewhat scattered. The user should be fully aware of the potential dangers and pitfalls that follows from this. Therefore, we provide a unified framework for enriched data and show in general that to any given model an entire class of models can be assigned, with all of its members producing the same fit to the observed data but arbitrary regarding the unobservable parts of the enriched data. The implications of this are explored for several specific settings, namely that of latent classes, finite mixtures, factor analysis, random-effects models, and incomplete data. The results are applied to a range of relevant examples
Genomic Dysregulation in gastric tumors
Authors: Janjigian Yelena Y. , Kelsen David P.
Published: October 2012

Gastric cancer is among the most common human malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death. The different epidemiologic and histopathology of subtypes of gastric cancer are associated with different genomic patterns. Data suggests that gene expression patterns of proximal, distal gastric cancers‐intestinal type, and diffuse/signet cell are well separated. This review summarizes the genetic and epigenetic changes thought to drive gastric cancer and the emerging paradigm of gastric cancer as three unique disease subtypes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:237–242. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and complete 1 H and 13C assignment of some pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane‐8,11‐dione (PCUD) derivatives
Authors: Kenwright Alan M. , Sellars Jonathan D.
Published: October 2012

The preparation of a number of alkyl and alkoxy derivatives of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane‐8,11‐dione derivatives utilising a cheap, practical, low energy, ‘green’, single‐pass continuous flow photochemical reactor is reported. Their 1 H and 13C NMR spectra are fully assigned, revealing some general characteristics not previously reported for this class of compound, which should aid the assignment and prediction of the NMR spectra of PCUD derivatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Location constrained approximate message passing for compressed sensing MRI
Authors: Sung Kyunghyun , Daniel Bruce L. , Hargreaves Brian A.
Published: October 2012

Iterative thresholding methods have been extensively studied as faster alternatives to convex optimization methods for solving large‐sized problems in compressed sensing. A novel iterative thresholding method called LCAMP (Location Constrained Approximate Message Passing) is presented for reducing computational complexity and improving reconstruction accuracy when a nonzero location (or sparse support) constraint can be obtained from view shared images. LCAMP modifies the existing approximate message passing algorithm by replacing the thresholding stage with a location constraint, which avoids adjusting regularization parameters or thresholding levels. This work is first compared with other conventional reconstruction methods using random one‐dimention signals and then applied to dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate the excellent reconstruction accuracy (less than 2% absolute difference) and low computation time (5–10 s using Matlab) with highly undersampled three‐dimentional data (244 × 128 × 48; overall reduction factor = 10). Magn Reson Med 70:370–381, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic excitations of C60 fullerene calculated using the ab initio cluster expansion method
Authors: Fukuda Ryoichi , Ehara Masahiro
Published: October 2012

The electronic excited states and optical absorption spectrum of C60 fullerene below 6.2 eV (200 nm) were calculated using the ab initio many-body wavefunction theory of cluster expansion method: the symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction method. Not only optically allowed states but also optically forbidden states were calculated for studying the observed weak absorptions in the visible region. The lowest calculated singlet excited state was the 11Gg state. The electron correlation effects are important in determining the energy levels of the four low-lying states that have the character of degenerated HOMO–LUMO transition. The lowest optically allowed 11T1u state was calculated at 3.67 eV; this is significantly higher than the energy values found in previous density functional calculations. The observed weak absorption around 3.08 eV appears to correspond to the optically forbidden 11T2u state with intensity borrowing via vibronic couplings.
Association between Preoperative Statin Therapy and Postoperative Infectious Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tleyjeh Imad M. , Alasmari Faisal A. , Bin Abdulhak Aref A. , Riaz Muhammad , Garbati Musa A. , Erwin Patricia J. , Kashour Tarek , Al-Mallah Mouaz H. , Baddour Larry M.
Published: October 2012

Infectious complications of cardiac surgery are often severe and life threatening. Statins having both immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects were intuitively thought to influence the development of postsurgical infections. We sought to systematically examine whether any association exists between statin use and risk of infectious complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Thomson Scientific Web of Science, and Elsevier Scopus from inception through February 2011 for comparative studies examining the association between statin use and risk of postoperative infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We contacted a study's author for missing information. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of individual studies' odds ratios (adjusted for potential confounders). We identified 6 cohort studies for inclusion, 3 of which were conducted in Canada and 3 of which were conducted in the United States. Four were single-center studies, and 2 were population based. Exposure ascertainment was based on a review of admission medication list or prescription databases. Infectious outcomes were heterogeneous and included surgical site infections within 30 days, serious infections (sepsis), or any other postoperative infection. Statin use in the preoperative period was associated with a trend toward reduction in the incidence of postoperative infections in patients who underwent cardiac surgery (odds ratio, 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.01];P= .06;I2= 75%). Heterogeneity was explained by country effect. Studies performed in Canada showed weaker associations than studies performed in the United States. This difference could not be attributed to study quality alone. We did not find good evidence to support an association between statin use and postoperative infectious complications. However, the trend toward statistical significance for this association indicates that further investigation is warranted.
Industrial and Commercial Training Volume 26 Issue 2 1994
Authors: Sandelands Eric
Published: October 2012

Organizational structures are changing. Hardly a surprising statement ‐ the world in which organizations exist is changing. Old barriers are coming down and new barriers are going up. Knowledge is increasing at a rate which can only be described as staggering ‐ overwhelming almost, but not quite. Because organizations are changing.
A special issue of abstracted articles on industrial and commercial training
Authors: Fojt Martin
Published: October 2012

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Industrial and Commercial Training is split into five sections covering abstracts under the following headings:Education/Graduates/Students; Training/Learning Techniques; Management Development;
Career/Human Resources Development; Training Technology.