bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method-specific and unexplained reactivity in automated solid-phase testing and their association with specific antibodies
Authors: Harach M.E. , Gould J.M. , Brown R.P. , Sanders T. , Herman J.H.
Published: April 2021

The inherent tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity in the detection of unexplained antibodies has been the objective of many studies, editorials, and journal articles. Many publications note that no method is capable of detecting all clinically significant antibodies while avoiding all clinically insignificant antibodies. This study describes the frequency of nonspecific reactivity and unexplained reactivity in solid-phase testing, along with the subsequent development of specific antibodies (Abs). In this study, nonspecific reactivity (NS) is defined as method-specific panreactivity detected by solid-phase testing only, with no reactivity in other methods. Unexplained reactivity (UR) is defined as reactivity present and detectable in all test methods after all clinically significant antibodies were ruled out following a standard antibody identification algorithm using selected cell panels. This retrospective study evaluated antibody detection tests of patients at a single center for 2 years using two automated solid-phase instruments that used the same three-cell antibody detection test. Antibody identification was performed with solid-phase panels supplemented with a polyethylene glycol tube method as needed. Of the 1934 (5%) samples with a positive antibody detection test, 29 had unavailable work-up data, leaving 1905 (98.5%) samples eligible for inclusion in the study. The data revealed the following: Ab only 999 (52.4%); UR only 429 (22.5%); Ab and UR 227 (11.9%); NS only 206 (10.8%); Ab and NS 24 (1.3%); UR and NS 14 (0.7%); and Ab, UR, and NS 6 (0.3%). Patients with a positive follow-up antibody detection test had UR and NS replaced with a specific Ab in 23 of 656 UR (3%) and 8 of 230 NS (3%) cases, respectively. Additionally, six patients with UR developed a specific Ab along with persistent UR, and no patients with persistent NS developed a specific Ab. The study concluded that both UR and NS can be encountered in solid-phase testing, and both UR and NS can persist in follow-up testing. Specific Ab was observed to replace UR in a few patients.
Immunohematology

2018;34:93–97.
Sulfhydryl treatment of serum or plasma for the reduction of IgM antibodies
Authors: Blagg L.N.
Published: April 2021

Dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) are sulfhydryl compounds that can be used to treat serum or plasma to denature IgM antibody reactivity. By using sulfhydryl agents, IgG and IgM antibodies can be separated, the relative amount of IgM and IgG antibodies can be determined, and the risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn can be assessed.
Immunohematology

2018;34:135–139.
Validity and reliability of serologic immunophenotyping of multiple blood group systems by ORTHO Sera with fully automated procedure
Authors: Salvadori U. , Melotti R. , L’Altrella D. , Daves M. , Al-Khaffaf A. , Milizia L. , Putzulu R. , Filippi R. , Carolo A. , Lippi G. , Gentilini I.
Published: April 2021

The increase of immunization against blood group antigens has reinforced the need for automated extensive blood typing. The aim of this study was to assess both the validity and reliability of red blood cell (RBC) automated agglutination technology in testing for antigens of Kidd (Jk), Duffy (Fy), and MNS (Ss) blood systems. ORTHO Sera (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, Anti-Fya, anti-Fyb, anti-S, and anti-s reagents were each tested on RBC samples previously typed. Replicates were performed on three separate testing sessions with three consecutive repetitions within each session, thus obtaining 486 test results. Accuracy was assessed by aggregate analysis of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Reliability was estimated by a cross-classified mixed-effect logistic model. All reagents tested yielded optimal accuracy (100% for sensitivity and specificity, and 1.00 for AUC), except for anti-S, for which performance was slightly lower (98%, 100%, and 0.99, respectively), owing to misclassification of one sample in a single replicate. Anomalous automated measurements were recorded in 38 of 486 tests (7.8%), which then needed additional manual interpretation. Different sessions and samples were the major contributors to measurement failures (38% and 18%, separately). Order of repetitions and antigen specificity across replicates did not contribute to the risk of failures, although weak evidence of enhanced risk (p < 0.10) was observed with Jk testing. Automated RBC typing with ORTHO Sera reagents against antigens in the Kidd, Duffy, and MNS blood group systems displayed nearly 100 percent accuracy. However, a sizable number of replicates needed additional ad hoc interpretation, thus suggesting that the reliability could still be improved. Automated agglutination technology represents a viable option for phenotyping large volumes of samples.
Immunohematology

2018;34:140–147.
An update on the Augustine blood group system
Authors: Daniels G.
Published: April 2021

This update of the Augustine (AUG) blood group system (Daniels G. The Augustine blood group system, 48 years in the making. Immunohematology 2016;32:100–3) describes two antigens that have been added to the Augustine system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 36), bringing the number of antigens in the system to four. Further information on the clinical significance of Augustine system antibodies and the function of the Augustine glycoprotein, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, is presented.
An update on the JR blood group system
Authors: Castilho L.
Published: April 2021

This update of the JR blood group system (Castilho L, Reid MR. A review of the JR blood group system. Immunohematology 2013;29:63–8) reports new ABCG2 alleles encoding Jr(a–) and Jr(a+w/–) phenotypes, the predominant alleles encoding the Jr(a–) phenotype, and new functional aspects of the ABCG2 glycoprotein. The JR blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 32) consists of one antigen: Jra.
An update on the I blood group system
Authors: Cooling L.
Published: April 2021

This update of the I blood group system (Cooling L. Polylactosamines, there’s more than meets the “Ii”: a review of the I system. Immunohematology 2010;26:133–55) continues to show the Ii antigens to be increasingly recognized as important posttranslational modifiers regulating cell adhesion, signaling, differentiation, and cancer. Ii antigens can modulate the immune response through the galectin lattice, as well as influence specific protein–protein interactions. Changes in GCNT2 and I expression accompany stem cell differentiation and are associated with tumor progression in melanoma and breast and colon cancer. Regulation of GCNT2 expression varies between cell types and differentiation. In red blood cell differentiation, GCNT2 is regulated by methylation, microRNAs, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Methylation and microRNAs also play a prominent role in altering GCNT2 expression in several epithelial cancers. In congenital cataracts, GCNT2 mutations may account for 4–6 percent of all cases. GCNT2 may be particularly susceptible to gene deletion and rearrangements due to the density of Alu-repeat elements.
An update on the Chido/Rodgers blood group system
Authors: Mougey R.
Published: April 2021

This update of the Chido/Rodgers blood group system (Mougey R. A review of the Chido/Rodgers blood group. Immunohematology 2010;26:30–8) summarizes the current understanding of the genetics and serology of this blood group (of which little has changed since the publication of the first review) in a table format as well as summarizes the gene frequencies and disease association with low copy number of C4A or C4B genes. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) has designated the ISBT number 017 to this system and the abbreviation CH/RG for the antigen or antibody notation. There are currently nine antigens in the CH/RG system. A brief discussion on the serologic challenges of detecting the antibodies and of newer information on the disease associations is provided. This review concludes with some speculation on how our understanding of C4 genes may be illuminated by current investigation into complexities of autoimmunity and the role of C4 and its progression to a disease state.
KAJIAN ANTITESIS HEGELIAN DALAM ARSITEKTUR
Authors: Nurwahyu Muhammad , Rachmawati Murni , Prijotomo Josef
Published: April 2021

Title: Study of Hegelian Antithesis in Architecture

This paper tries to expose hegelian antithesis existence, that can be used as a way of thinking in architecture design process. With antithesis that lies in philosophy scope, then it needs to be settled with similar thing in architecture. The settlement will be set by using descriptive critique method. The result of the settlement can become a starting point for the usage of Hegelian antithesis in architecture design exploration. In this paper, antithesis proven to be equal with architecture of difference as bildung. Those equality shown in the architecture dialogue. With this equality, antithesis become defined and known its position in architecture.
KAJIAN MAKNA SISTEM STRUKTUR PADA RUMAH LAMIN
Authors: Baharuddin Faizal , Sir Mohammad Mochsen , Radja Abdul Mufti
Published: April 2021

Title: Meaning Studies of Structural System in Lamin Houses

This article aims to reveal the structural system and meaning of the Lamin house structure, a form of local wisdom of traditional architecture. The object of study is the Lamin house in Pampang Village, Samarinda City. The house still refers to traditional architectural principles such as human symbols or analogies such as the head, body, and legs. The research method is descriptive qualitative and based on an interpretive approach using interview techniques to the structural system that contains meaning. The results of the research are the Lamin house structure system consisting of a lower structure (sukaq), an upper structure (sulo), and a roof structure (sapau). The meaning contained in each of these structural elements illustrates that in the sukaq structure there is the power of natural and environmental support for humans, the sulo structure demonstrates the creation of a close kinship between humans, and the construction of sapau gives meaning to the existence of human relations with the supernatural. Local wisdom contained in traditional architecture is expected to be able to contribute to the enrichment of the world architectural knowledge.
SERVICE-LEARNING DALAM PENDIDIKAN ARSITEKTUR: MOMEN KRITIS DALAM SUATU REFLEKSI
Authors: Soegondo Sylviana Putri Sunario , Arifin Lilianny S.
Published: April 2021

Title: Service-Learning in Architecture Education: A Critical Moment in A Reflection
For over the years, service-learning pedagogy is understood as an appropriate method in experiential education because it focuses on initiatives that has the capacity to change the social well–being of individuals and students' commitment to society's general well–being. Learning entails transformation both individually and from the social work experience through reflection. Geleta and Gilliam (2003) said that reflection is a critical element that connect the service experience in meaningful ways with students' thoughts, sensations, and values. There are four key elements to support practical strategies for meaningful reflection: continuity and connectivity in reflective process on the learning experience and objectives, higher-level thinking, atmosphere of trust and mutual respect, and contextual reflection. This paper explores the implications of contextual reflection about critical moment when an individual experience is shared and become tacit knowledge. The journal reflection from architecture students 5th semester was categorized using content analysis methods to find a personal experience before and after doing a project that can be grasped as tacit knowledge to become explicit knowledge that enhances character development as an architecture student.
HOUSEHOLD PREFERENCE FOR TRADITIONAL/HERBAL AND MODERN MEDICINE IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Authors:   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., T.K. Patience , V.C. Nwachukwu ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., B.M. Inchikida ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., J.T Sharinya ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., F.K. Fatima, ,   Department of Agriculture Engineering and Biomolecular Study Federal University of Technology, Minna., D.O. Peter ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Abuja.
Published: April 2021

The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased enormously over the past three decades with not less than 80% of people globally depending on them for some part of primary healthcare. However, this might be the case in many Cities. This study seeks to determine. Household preference for traditional/herbal and modern medicine in Abuja, Nigeria. Cross-sectional data from the primary source was used for this study. Two hundred and twenty (220) individuals responded to the survey hence that constitutes the sample size used for the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data set. From the result, the mean age was 33.7 years. About 90.9% of the respondents in the study area had tertiary education. Most (60%) of the respondents were female in the study. Most (50%) of the respondents were civil servants and 58.63% of the respondents have a household size below 5 persons. 60% of the respondents prefer modern/contemporary drugs, 25.91% prefer traditional/local drugs, and 14.09% prefer to seek out spiritual prayers when they are sick. Dosage of traditional medicine cannot be regulated was the most ranked perception of the respondents. Most (55%) of the respondent posit that they were dizzy after taking traditional medicine. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that the usage of traditional medicine was still poor, as most of the households in the study posit that they preferred modern drugs. Majority of the respondent also opined that the dosage of traditional drugs could not be properly regulated. Traditional drugs had negative side effects including heavy dizziness, purging among others. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore recommended that training and re-training be done for the producers of traditional medicine on how to better prescribe the necessary dosage per time. It is also recommended that an advocacy campaign be carried out to encourage patronage of locally produced herbs given that some of the imported or foreign drugs are made from herbs as well.
INTESTINAL MALROTATION - A COMMON YET DEADLY CAUSE OF NEONATAL SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, (Rajasthan,) India., Sultania Saurav , Kumar Shukla Arvind ,   Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, (Rajasthan,) India., Sharma Pramila ,   Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, (Rajasthan,) India., Kumar Barolia Dinesh ,   Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, (Rajasthan,) India., Singh Ankit ,   Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, (Rajasthan,) India.
Published: April 2021

Background: This study was done at SMS Medical College, Jaipur with an aim of emphasizing the need of having a high index of suspicion in newborn presenting with bilious vomiting for the diagnosis of malrotation. Methods: Cases of neonatal small intestinal obstruction due to malrotation presenting to the Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur over a period of two years were evaluated. Results: A total of 48 newborns presented to our department with intestinal obstruction due to malrotation. Majority (82%) of the patients presented in the 2nd and 3rd week of life. 6 out of 48 patients presented with extensive gangrene of midgut. 9/48 patients died during the course of treatment and during follow-up. Conclusion: Malrotation is a relatively common cause of neonatal small bowel obstruction. A high index of suspicion is required in neonates presenting with bilious vomiting. Prompt diagnostic tools and early laparotomy prevents fatal complication of extensive midgut gangrene due to volvulus.
EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF TREATED BORASSUS IN CONCRETE
Authors:   Laboratoire dEnergetique et de Mecanique Appliquee (LEMA) - EPAC - Benin ., Michozounnou Robert ,   Laboratoire de Mecanique et Structures (LAMS) - ESGC VERECHAGUINE A.K. - Benin., K. Doko Valery ,   Laboratoire dEnergetique et de Mecanique Appliquee (LEMA) - EPAC - Benin ., Houehanou Ernesto ,   Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques (UNSTIM) - Benin., L. Gbaguidi Aisse Gerard ,   Laboratoire dEnergetique et de Mecanique Appliquee (LEMA) - EPAC - Benin .,   Laboratoire de Mecanique et Structures (LAMS) - ESGC VERECHAGUINE A.K. - Benin., Gibigaye Mohamed ,   Laboratoire dEnergetique et de Mecanique Appliquee (LEMA) - EPAC - Benin ., Olodo Emmanuel ,   Laboratoire dEnergetique et de Mecanique Appliquee (LEMA) - EPAC - Benin .
Published: April 2021

The aim of thisscientificworkis to investigate the effect of moisture content on the behaviour of borassus in concrete. At the beginning of thisstudy, characterisation tests are carried out on the materials used. These materials include Nokoue lagoonsand, rolledgravelfrom the Mono, concrete and cut-to-length rÃƒÂ´nier. Afterformulating the concrete using the DREUX - GORISSE method, the Borassus plant reinforcementsweretreated with a hydraulicwaterproofing binder (cement glue, bitumen and Flintkote Be3) and nine (09) beamswere made, three (03) per category of waterproofingtreatment. In addition, three (03) control beams are used as comparison materials. The analysis of all the results of the four-point bending tests led us to the conclusion that Flintkote Be3 and bitumen are very effective waterproofingproducts for the treatment of the surfaces of rÃƒÂ´nier wood beforethey are introducedinto the concrete, because the smaller the variation in the moisture content of the beams (example of PARB beam: 2.36%), the greater the resistancetheydevelop to the appliedload (example of PARB beam: 19.36 Ã‚Â± 1.84 kN) and consequently the lower the deformability of the beams. It thenappearsthatbitumen and Flintkote Be3 canthereforeact as a productthateliminates the dimensional variations of borassus reinforcements in concrete and provides good resistance of borassus-reinforced structures.
Leverage constraints or preference for lottery: What explains the low-risk effect in India?
Authors: Peswani Shilpa , Joshipura Mayank
Published: April 2021

The study empirically investigates two theories that claim to explain the low-risk effect in Indian equity markets using a universe of stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) from January 2000 to September 2018. Leverage constraints and preference for lottery are two major competing theories that explain the presence and persistence of the low-risk effect. While the leverage constraints theory argues that systematic risk drives low-risk anomaly and therefore risk should be measured using beta, lottery demand theory claims that irrational investor’s preference towards stocks with lottery-like payoffs is responsible for the persistence of the low-risk effect, and risk should be measured by idiosyncratic volatility. However, given that most of the risk measures are highly correlated, it is not easy to precisely measure a specific theory’s contribution to explaining the low-risk effect. The study constructs the Betting against correlation (BAC) factor to measure the contribution of leverage constraints to the low-risk effect. It further constructs the SMAX factor to untangle the contribution of lottery preference theory. The results show that leverage constraints theory predominantly explains the low-risk effect in Indian markets. This study contributes significantly to the body of literature, as this is the first such study on the Indian market, one of the major emerging markets, especially when the debate on theories explaining the low-risk effect is yet to settle.
POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: Confrontos e tensões no Estado de São Paulo no início da década de 2010.
Authors: Calderón Adolfo-Ignacio , Borges Regilson Maciel
Published: April 2021

Aborda-se o confronto entre o governo do Estado de São Paulo e as três universidades paulistas, em torno da formação de professores, em nível superior, em decorrência da deliberação n° 111/2012, que as obrigou a adotarem, nas matrizes curriculares, uma dimensão mais prática e menos teórica. Para tanto, analisaram-se documentos e depoimentos de atores representativos. Constatou-se cenário altamente polarizado, comunidade epistêmica com matizes corporativistas e relativização da autonomia universitária.
Stability Analyses by HPLC-MS of Guanitoxin Isolated from Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae
Authors: Fernandes Kelly , Dörr Felipe Augusto , Pinto Ernani
Published: April 2021

Guanitoxin (GNT) is a natural organophosphate produced by some species of freshwater cyanobacteria, which inhibits the active site of acetylcholinesterase, preventing the hydrolysis of cholinesterases and consequently causing serious disturbances in the neuromuscular system. Despite having a chemical structure like synthetic organophosphates, there is still no analytical standard available for environmental and freshwater monitoring. Therefore, this study investigated the stability of GNT under different storage conditions, pH, and temperature. The toxin is produced by the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae and monitored by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-MS/MS for the identification and verification of its stability. The main degradation product formed is the hydroxy-amino-guanidinic derivative of the toxin. The results also indicate that GNT is stable in acidic medium (pH = 3.0), but can gradually degrade at room temperature (> 23 ºC) over a period of 96 h. Lyophilized biomass of S. torques-reginae containing GNT remained stable when stored in a refrigerator below 4 ºC. In addition, the extraction yield is higher when prepared from fresh S. torques-reginae cells than from lyophilized material. Thus, the results shown here contribute with valuable information for studies that aim at the isolation, identification, and monitoring of GNT in samples of raw water and cyanobacterial blooms.
Dedication of the Warriors from Epirus to Heracles
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Klimov Oleg Yu. , Kholod Maxim M. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Nizhniy Novgorod State University
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes a poetic dedication to Heracles, found during the archaeological dig in northwestern Greece, in Epirus. The dedication was made by three warriors from a small city of Buchetion, who having joined the Roman army participated in the suppression of Aristonicus’ revolt in the kingdom of Pergamon (133–129 BC). The inscription supplements our knowledge of Aristonicus’ revolt. In particular, the new fact is that warriors from Balkan Greece took part in the war against Aristonicus, which is not mentioned by the extant narrative tradition. It is possible that the three warriors were conscripted into the Roman army headed by the consul of 130 BC Marcus Perperna by means of a treaty that the Romans had concluded with the cities of Cassopa and Buchetion, similarly to a number of other Greek states. In the dedication, Aristonicus is referred to by name alone, although it is known that he took the royal title. In all likelihood, the warriors who left the dedication to Heracles served in a wagon train, fulfilling the duties of transporting military goods and, at the same time, guarding them. They apparently belonged to a wealthy segment of society in their small city because they went to war with wagons and horses. It can be assumed that during the devastation the Romans brought to Epirus in 167 BC, the coastal Greek cities, such as Cassopa and Buchetion, did not suffer. The devastation may have affected only the inner areas of the region. The dedication to Heracles was made because Heracles as a savior was popular among Greeks. In addition, he was considered an ancestor of Oxylus, one of the Heraclids who after their return to Peloponnesus became ruler of Elis. Afterwards, colonists from this region founded Buchetion, the home city of the warriors who left the dedication.
The Three Roles of Neaira
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kudryavtseva Tatyana V.
Published: April 2021

The article examines one of the most striking speeches of the Demosthenes corps, which was often quoted by ancient authors: LIX “Against Neaira,” conventionally believed to be authored by Apollodorus. Although this speech, as well as the trial where it was presented, has repeatedly become the subject of historiographic commentary and discussion, not a single specialized work has been devoted to it in Russian. The trial against Neaira and her partner Stephanos is of interest not only because it is the only surviving case on charges of illegal acquisition of Athenian citizenship, and the plaintiff ’s speech allows us to reconstruct a number of important aspects of legal proceedings in Athens (litigants’ behavior, arguments, witnesses, evidence, etc.). The prosecutor also reveals certain unappealing aspects of the daily life of Greek society in terms of attitudes to women, prostitution and pedophilia. The speaker divides women into three categories: wife, concubine (παλλακή) and hetaera. Neaira successfully handled the roles of hetaera and concubine. It is unknown whether Apollodorus had managed to impose on her the role of a legal wife — the one that would put Neaira at risk of being sold into slavery. Despite the weakness of the prosecution’s arguments and evidence, Apollodorus, who skillfully used the concept of polis rules, family identity and religious values, as well as dikastes’ prejudices, could have become the winner. However, presenting sufficiently convincing counter- arguments and testimonies may not have been difficult for Stephanos, although, perhaps, an appeal to the mercy and pity of the judges would have been a more efficient way to achieve his goal.
Polish Censorship during the Late Stalinist Period
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Kamińska-Chełminiak Kamila
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to present selected aspects of the history of censorship in Poland during the Stalinist period (1948−1956). The article presents the circumstances of the establishment of the censorship office in Poland — the Central Office for the Control of Press, Publications and Events (GUKPPiW) — which was set up in January 1945 and operated throughout the period of the Polish People’s Republic, until April 1990. The article also gives an answer to the question about the role of the so-called Soviet advisers who came to Lublin in December 1944 and took full control of the process of creating state censorship. The employees of the Soviet censorship sent from Moscow were tasked with creating an institution that would control the media and operate according to the mechanisms established in the USSR. In the process of organizing the censorship apparatus, the Polish communists played a marginal and servant role towards the Soviet military (including General N. Bulganin) and advisers who came from Moscow. The most important decisions were made by the employees of Glavlit, whose recommendations were treated by the management of the Polish Workers’ Party as orders. Glavlit officers, who arrived in Lublin in December 1944, recruited censorship employees, developed instructions for them, rules for publishing and issuing printed works and drafted a decree on the control of the press, publications and performances, a draft order of the minister of public security regarding the introduction of censorship. The work also describes the process of recruiting censors, as well as the reasons and scope of censorship interventions.
Database Study on the Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Zhang Chen-Yan , Zhao Shi-Qi , Zhang Shi-Long , Luo Li-Heng , Liu Ding-Chang , Ding Wei-Hang , Fu Dong-Jie , Deng Xu-Dong , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: April 2021

Membrane proteins are crucial for biological processes, and many of them are important
to drug targets. Understanding the three-dimensional structures of membrane proteins are essential
to evaluate their bio-function and drug design. High-purity membrane proteins are important for
structural determination. Membrane proteins have low yields and are difficult to purify because
they tend to aggregate. We summarized membrane protein expression systems, vectors, tags, and
detergents, which have deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) in recent four-and-a-half years.
Escherichia coli is the most expression system for membrane proteins, and HEK293 cells are the
most commonly cell lines for human membrane protein expression. The most frequently vectors
are pFastBac1 for alpha-helical membrane proteins, pET28a for beta-barrel membrane proteins,
and pTRC99a for monotopic membrane proteins. The most used tag for membrane proteins is the
6×His-tag. FLAG commonly used for alpha-helical membrane proteins, Strep and GST for beta-
barrel and monotopic membrane proteins, respectively. The detergents and their concentrations
used for alpha-helical, beta-barrel, and monotopic membrane proteins are different, and DDM is
commonly used for membrane protein purification. It can guide the expression and purification of
membrane proteins, thus contributing to their structure and bio function studying.
New Trends in Biological Activities and Clinical Studies of Quinolinic
Analogues: A Review
Authors: da Silva Sandra Elizabeth Barbosa , da Silva Moura José Arion , de Sousa Nunes Tiago Rafael , da Rocha Pitta Ivan , da Rocha Pitta Marina Galdino
Published: April 2021

:

The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, possesses a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structural composition of several candidates of drugs in pre-clinical and clinical studies; thus, it is necessary to compile these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities of compounds are selected to examine in this re-view, such as antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic, and antiviral activities. All publications of scientific articles chosen are dated between 2000 and 2020. In addition to presenting the structures of some natural and synthetic compounds with their activities, we have listed the clinical studies of phases III and IV on antimalarial drugs containing the quinoline nucleus and phase III clinical studies on hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to assess their possible role in COVID-19. Finally, we have reviewed some of the mechanisms of action, as well as the side effects of some of the quinolinic derivatives.
Individual and Institutional Factors Preventing Completion of Research by Medical Graduate Students at Cairo University: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Azab Mohammed A , Hasaneen Sharef Fawzy , Reda Ahmed , Asous Ashraf , Azzam Ahmed Y
Published: April 2021

Background

Medical research plays a significant role in advancing the level of health care worldwide. This research is a crucial part of the development of any educational system. In developing countries, the publication rate related to the medical sciences is lower than that in developed countries.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the causes of delay in publishing research and the factors that hinder the completion of master’s degree projects in a group of medical graduate students at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine.

Methods

A web-based questionnaire was introduced to approximately 150 medical graduates in different specialties through social media. The questionnaire aimed to investigate the reasons for delays in publishing master’s degree manuscripts after graduation among a group of medical graduates.

Results

Of the graduates contacted, 130 responded to the web-based survey. The ages of the participants ranged from 23-38 years (SD 3.88); 72 of them were male, and 58 were female. Causes of noncompletion of manuscripts were analyzed; lack of proper research training and the absence of supportive mentorship were top reasons. We found a significant relationship between being married and failing to complete the assigned project from its start up to publication. Moreover, we found that the frequency of nonfulfillment increased among those who experienced poor mentorship.

Conclusions

Several factors are contributing to the delay in publication of medical manuscripts related to research projects by medical graduates of the Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Pensive supervision must be implemented to decipher the persistent institutional problems that obstruct research progress.
The Resilience of Cardiac Care Through Virtualized Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study of a Heart Function Clinic
Authors: Shah Amika , Guessi Milena , Wali Sahr , Ware Patrick , McDonald Michael , O'Sullivan Mary , Posada Juan Duero , Ross Heather , Seto Emily
Published: April 2021

Background

Virtual care has historically faced barriers to widespread adoption. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid adoption and expansion of virtual care technologies. Although the intense and prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed people’s interest in health systems resilience, which includes how services adapt or transform in response to shocks, evidence regarding the role of virtual care technologies in health systems resilience is scarce.

Objective

At Toronto General Hospital in Ontario, Canada, the rapid virtualization of cardiac care began on March 9, 2020, as a response to the pandemic. The objective of this study was to understand people’s experiences with and the barriers and facilitators of the rapid virtualization and expansion of cardiac care resulting from the pandemic.

Methods

A single-case study was conducted with 3 embedded units of analysis. Patients, clinicians, and staff were recruited purposively from an existing mobile, phone-based telemonitoring program at a heart function clinic in Toronto, Canada. Individual, semistructured phone interviews were conducted by two researchers and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis at the semantic level was used to analyze transcripts and develop themes.

Results

A total of 29 participants were interviewed, including patients (n=16), clinicians (n=9), and staff (n=4). The following five themes were identified: (1) patient safety as a catalyst for virtual care adoption; (2) piecemeal virtual care solutions; (3) confronting new roles and workloads; (4) missing pieces in virtual care; and (5) the inequity paradox. The motivation to protect patient safety and a piecemeal approach to virtual care adoption facilitated the absorptive and adaptive resilience of cardiac care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, ad hoc changes to clinic roles and workflows, challenges in building relationships through remote methods, and widened inequities were barriers that threatened virtual care sustainment.

Conclusions

We contend that sustaining virtual care hinges upon transformative actions (rather than adaptive actions) that strengthen health systems so that they can face the dynamic and emergent challenges associated with COVID-19 and other shocks. Based on the barriers and facilitators we identified, we present the lessons we learned and recommend transformations for sustaining virtual care during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prediction Models for the Clinical Severity of Patients With COVID-19 in Korea: Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Oh Bumjo , Hwangbo Suhyun , Jung Taeyeong , Min Kyungha , Lee Chanhee , Apio Catherine , Lee Hyejin , Lee Seungyeoun , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Shin-Woo , Park Taesung
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Limited information is available about the present characteristics and dynamic clinical changes that occur in patients with COVID-19 during the early phase of the illness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models based on clinical features to assess the risk of severe disease and triage for COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.

METHODS

This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who were released from quarantine until April 30, 2020, in Korea. A total of 5628 patients were included in the training and testing cohorts to train and validate the models that predict clinical severity and the duration of hospitalization, and the clinical severity score was defined at four levels: mild, moderate, severe, and critical.

RESULTS

Out of a total of 5601 patients, 4455 (79.5%), 330 (5.9%), 512 (9.1%), and 301 (5.4%) were included in the mild, moderate, severe, and critical levels, respectively. As risk factors for predicting critical patients, we selected older age, shortness of breath, a high white blood cell count, low hemoglobin levels, a low lymphocyte count, and a low platelet count. We developed 3 prediction models to classify clinical severity levels. For example, the prediction model with 6 variables yielded a predictive power of >0.93 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We developed a web-based nomogram, using these models.

CONCLUSIONS

Our prediction models, along with the web-based nomogram, are expected to be useful for the assessment of the onset of severe and critical illness among patients with COVID-19 and triage patients upon hospital admission.
How Can Research on Artificial Empathy Be Enhanced by Applying Deepfakes? (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Hsuan-Chia , Rahmanti Annisa Ristya , Huang Chih-Wei , Li Yu-Chuan Jack
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

We propose the idea of using an open data set of doctor-patient interactions to develop artificial empathy based on facial emotion recognition. Facial emotion recognition allows a doctor to analyze patients' emotions, so that they can reach out to their patients through empathic care. However, face recognition data sets are often difficult to acquire; many researchers struggle with small samples of face recognition data sets. Further, sharing medical images or videos has not been possible, as this approach may violate patient privacy. The use of deepfake technology is a promising approach to deidentifying video recordings of patients’ clinical encounters. Such technology can revolutionize the implementation of facial emotion recognition by replacing a patient's face in an image or video with an unrecognizable face—one with a facial expression that is similar to that of the original. This technology will further enhance the potential use of artificial empathy in helping doctors provide empathic care to achieve good doctor-patient therapeutic relationships, and this may result in better patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.
La danza en tiempos de crisis y de re(ex)istencia
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Bahía, Brasil, Fernandes Ciane , Kent Trejo Didanwy ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Matos Lúcia ,   Universidad Federal de Bahía, Brasil, Citro Silvia ,   Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Primo Rosa ,   Universidad Federal de Ceará, Brasil, Orozco Lucena Natalia , Lachino Hayde
Published: April 2021

Danza en tiempos de crisis y de re(ex)istencia reúne artículos de destacadas investigadoras de Latinoamérica sobre cómo la danza crea acciones, discursos y prácticas del disenso que permiten oponer el cuerpo a políticas del poder que están marcadas por la necropolítica y la gestión de la corporalidad. De ahí la importancia de visibilizar los procesos y las formas a través de las cuales las y los artistas de la danza están generando potentes acciones artísticas mediante un claro posicionamiento estético y político, para fisurar la pretensión de configurar la realidad como un espacio homogéneo inamovible.
Single-particle statistics in the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Zavala Sansón Luis , Sheinbaum Julio , Pérez-Brunius Paula
Published: April 2021

We present single-particle statistics of a large data set of surface drifters released in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The study is focused on the probability density functions of velocities, Lagrangian scales and absolute dispersion estimates. The probability distributions display a non-Gaussian shape with extended tails. It is shown that the long tails are mainly associated with the Campeche gyre (an intense cyclonic circulation frequently formed in the region) and, to a lesser extent, with a flow along the western margin of the basin. The results are discussed in light of previous studies on ocean dispersion that have reported Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions in other regions.
Application of magnetic method on the Argentine continental shelf between 35ºS and 48ºS
Authors: Arecco María A. , Larocca Patricia A. , Ruiz Francisco , Canero Armando T. , Ramos Víctor A.
Published: April 2021

Se analizaron las anomalías del Campo Magnético Total a partir de datos de una red global, con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento y caracterización de la plataforma continental argentina (35ºS hasta 48ºS). Para ello se utilizaron técnicas de realce, como la señal analítica, el ángulo tilt, y la segunda derivada vertical. Se calcularon las profundidades de las fuentes magnéticas a partir del método de deconvolución de Euler y el modelado de inversión gravimétrica 2D. A partir de los resultados filtrados del TMA se identificaron grandes zonas de fractura de transferencia. La segunda derivada vertical mostró patrones de alta frecuencia en las anomalías G y Tona, así como también en la serie de anomalías M y alineamientos de fondo oceánico, mostrando el carácter volcánico y episódico de los mismos. El método de deconvolución de Euler permitió localizar fuentes magnéticas discontinuas a lo largo del antiguo cinturón Dom Feliciano Lavalleja, cuyas profundidades van desde 5000 a 8000 m. Se obtuvieron pocas soluciones tipo diques, escalones de falla en las zonas de fallas de transferencia y el borde entre corteza continental y oceánica. Se localizaron fuentes en la serie-M a profundidades entre 8000 y 12000 m. También, este método permitió calcular las profundidades de la conspicua anomalía Tona entre 8000 y 20000 m. Además, a partir de un modelo de inversión gravimétrico 2-D aplicado sobre un perfil con dirección NE, se identificó un cuerpo máfico-ultramáfico a lo largo de la sutura Patagonia-Gondwana hasta casi la superficie. Este cuerpo podría ser una imbricación de la sutura emplazada en rocas del basamento.
Hope, Hype, Hurdles & Future Perspective for PRP, PRP versus Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Osteoarthritis of Knee: A Review Article.
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kadamb Anikait Ghosh , Ghosh Kadamb Krish
Published: April 2021

BackgroundComparative studies of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid show variable results.

PurposeA review was conducted to understand the current role of PRP and its efficacy versus hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint.

MethodsOut of 170 identified studies, 14 studies involving 1575 patients with 637 males and 938 females were selected based on PRISMA flow chart guidelines and were analyzed for the study.

ResultsA standard PRP regimen consisting of 2–3 intra-articular injections (IA) of 4–6 mL of leucocyte poor PRP at 1–2 weekly intervals provides a better result than HA during the first 3–6 months, and which may continue up to one year. PRP and HA may have synergistic effect; pain and swelling are the two most com-mon complications with PRP, the incidence is more with leucocyte rich PRP (LP-PRP) and intra-osseous PRP treatment.ConclusionPRP provides hope and is more effective than hyaluronic acid in pain relief and improving the quality of life in mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, hype, that is effective in all, irrespective of grades of OA, mal-aligned or stiff knee, ligamentous laxity, and can avoid joint replacement is a big hindrance in establishing it as a preferred treatment in OA knee. The author follows the above-mentioned PRP regimen; and recommends to combine leucocyte poor PRP with HA for IA injections & with LP-PRP injections along with the two most common painful points (medial collateral ligament, pesanisernius) in a highly painful OA knee. PRP may not address extra-articular causes of knee pain (mal-alignment, muscle wasting, tendinosis), should be corrected for optimum outcome. Contact sports, running, exercises putting pressure on knee and NSAID should be avoided during PRP treatment. Also, more randomized controlled trials are required to further standardize the PRP preparation, administration, injection interval & proper documentation of efficacy and complications in the regenerative registry.
EEU: from the status quo Policy to the Scenario "Own Center of Power"
Authors: Glazyev S. Yu.
Published: April 2021

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TREINADORAS E AUXILIARES DO FUTEBOL DE MULHERES NO BRASIL: SUBVERSÃO E RESISTÊNCIA NA LIDERANÇA ESPORTIVA
Authors: Novais Mariana Cristina Borges , Mourão Ludmila , Souza Junior Osmar Moreira de , Monteiro Igor Chagas , Pires Bárbara Aparecida Bepler
Published: April 2021

Fundamentada nos estudos culturais e de gênero, esta pesquisa analisa a representatividade de mulheres em cargos de treinadora e auxiliar no futebol de mulheres, buscando identificar as estratégias de subversão e resistência adotadas para sua inserção e permanência. Os materiais de análise foram os discursos das participantes aliados a fontes documentais, como notícias e produções acadêmicas. A análise evidencia que as profissionais conquistaram o acesso aos cargos em decorrência das experiências como líderes enquanto atletas e/ou estagiárias e por seus altos níveis de capacitação. Elas asseguram sua permanência ao atestarem diariamente sua competência, mantendo o nível de capacitação e superando estereótipos de gênero. Elas personificam a eminente resistência oferecida pelas mulheres em espaços tradicionalmente reservados aos homens, tensionando as relações de poder. Contudo, a consolidação de uma condição equânime requer investimento financeiro e, sobretudo, empenho na desconstrução de estereótipos de gênero.
A BNC-Formação e a Formação Continuada de professores
Authors: Nogueira Adrinelly Lemes , Borges Maria Célia
Published: April 2021

Num estudo sobre as recentes políticas de formação de professores, destacamos as novas Diretrizes Curriculares para Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica, que instituem a Base Nacional Comum para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica (BNC-Formação), recentemente homologada, em 19 de dezembro, por meio da Portaria nº 2.167, a qual vem descaracterizando a formação docente que vem sendo defendida historicamente. Diante desse apontamento, temos como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre a nova BNC-Formação e seus possíveis impactos na formação continuada de professores. Realizamos um estudo de natureza qualitativa e, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental, estruturamos a presente reflexão. Nossas análises evidenciaram que a formação continuada de professores da Educação Básica tem sido negativamente impactada pela nova resolução, representando retrocessos para a formação nos aspectos teóricos-científicos e práticos e, ainda, com ganhos para os pressupostos do mercado educacional.