bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content vertical structure due to aerosol variations
Authors: Massie Steven T. , Delanoë Julien , Bardeen Charles G. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Huang Lei
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content (IWC) vertical structure due to variations in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depths (AODs), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) absorptive aerosol optical depths (AAODs), and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) CO (an absorptive aerosol proxy) at 215 hPa are calculated in the Tropics during 2007–2010 based upon an analysis of DARDAR IWC profiles for deep convective clouds. DARDAR profiles are a joint retrieval of CloudSat-CALIPSO data. Analysis is performed for 12 separate regions over land and ocean, and carried out applying MODIS AOD fields that attempt to correct for 3-D cloud adjacency effects. The 3-D cloud adjacency effects have a small impact upon our particular calculations of aerosol–cloud indirect effects. IWC profiles are averaged for three AOD bins individually for the 12 regions. The IWC average profiles are also normalized to unity at 5 km altitude in order to study changes in the shape of the average IWC profiles as AOD increases. Derivatives of the IWC average profiles, and derivatives of the IWC shape profiles, in percent change per 0.1 change in MODIS AOD units, are calculated separately for each region. Means of altitude-specific probability distribution functions, which include both ocean and land IWC shape regional derivatives, are modest, near 5 %, and positive to the 2σ level between 11 and 15 km altitude. Similar analyses are carried out for three AAOD and three CO bins. On average, the vertical profiles of the means of the derivatives based upon the profile shapes over land and ocean are smaller for the profiles binned according to AAOD and CO values, than for the MODIS AODs, which include both scattering and absorptive aerosol. This difference in character supports the assertion that absorptive aerosol can inhibit cloud development.
Predicting the roughness length of turbulent flows over landscapes with multi-scale microtopography
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Field Jason P.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The fully rough form of the law of the wall is commonly used to quantify velocity profiles and associated bed shear stresses in fluvial, aeolian, and coastal environments. A key parameter in this law is the roughness length, z0. Here we propose a predictive formula for z0 that uses the amplitude and slope of each wavelength of microtopography within a discrete-Fourier-transform-based approach. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to quantify the effective z0 value of sinusoidal microtopography as a function of the amplitude and slope. The effective z0 value of landscapes with multi-scale roughness is then given by the sum of contributions from each Fourier mode of the microtopography. Predictions of the equation are tested against z0 values measured in  ∼ 105 wind-velocity profiles from southwestern US playa surfaces. Our equation is capable of predicting z0 values to 50 % accuracy, on average, across a 4 order of magnitude range. We also use our results to provide an alternative formula that, while somewhat less accurate than the one obtained from a full multi-scale analysis, has an advantage of being simpler and easier to apply.
The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP): Experimental Protocol for CMIP6
Authors: Pincus Robert , Forster Piers M. , Stevens Bjorn
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 – "How does the Earth system respond to forcing?" – suggests that forcing is always well-known, but in fact forcing has historically been uncertain even in coordinated experiments such as CMIP. The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project endorsed by CMIP6 seeks to provide a foundation for answering the question for forcing and response through three related activities: (i) accurate characterization of the effective radiative forcing relative to a near pre-industrial baseline, and careful diagnosis of the components of this forcing; (ii) assessment of the absolute accuracy of clear-sky radiative transfer parameterizations against reference models on the global scales relevant for climate modeling; and (iii) identification of robust model responses to a tightly-specified aerosol radiative forcing from 1850 to present. Complete characterization of effective radiative forcing can be accomplished with 180 years (Tier 1) of atmosphere-only simulation using a sea-surface temperature and sea ice concentration climatology derived from the host model's pre-industrial control simulation. Assessment of parameterization error requires trivial amounts of computation but the development of small amounts of infrastructure: new, spectrally-detailed diagnostic output requested as two snapshots at present-day and preindustrial conditions, and results from the model's radiation code applied to specified atmospheric conditions. The search for robust responses to aerosol changes rely on the CMIP6 specification of anthropogenic aerosol properties; models using this specification can contribute to RFMIP with no additional simulation, while those using a full aerosol model are requested to perform at least one, and up to four, 165-year coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations at Tier 1.
The European 2015 drought from a climatological perspective
Authors: Ionita Monica , Tallaksen Lena M. , Kingston Daniel G. , Stagge James H. , Laaha Gregor , Van Lanen Henny A. J. , Chelcea Silvia M. , Haslinger Klaus
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The summer drought of 2015 affected a large portion of continental Europe and was one of the most severe droughts in the region since summer 2003. The summer was characterized by exceptionally high temperatures in many parts of central and eastern Europe, with daily maximum temperatures 2 °C warmer than the seasonal mean (1971–2000) over most of western Europe, and more than 3 °C warmer in the east. High evapotranspiration rates combined with a lack of precipitation affected the soil moisture content and vegetation stress and led to record low river flows in several major European rivers. This paper analyses the European summer drought of 2015 from a climatological perspective, including its origin, spatial and temporal development, and how it compares with the 2003 event. It discusses the main contributing factors controlling the occurrence and persistence of the event: temperature and precipitation anomalies, blocking episodes and sea surface temperatures (SST). Central Europe experienced during the summer of 2015 widespread areas of negative Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values, present from May onwards. Similar to the summer drought of 2003, the upper level atmospheric circulation over Europe was characterized by a positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies flanked by a large negative anomaly to the north and west (i.e. over the central North Atlantic Ocean extending to northern Fennoscandia) and another center of positive geopotential height anomalies over Greenland and northern Canada. Simultaneously, the summer SST was characterized by large negative anomalies in the central North Atlantic Ocean and large positive anomalies in the Mediterranean basin. The SST dipole-like anomalies between the central Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea suggest a possible "atmospheric teleconnection" between the two regions, which in turn may affect the drought conditions over Europe. In an accompanying paper, the hydrological perspective of the summer 2015 drought is presented. Together, these two papers summarize a collaborative initiative of members of UNESCO’s FRIEND-Water program to perform a timely Pan-European assessment of the 2015 summer drought.
Fire affects root decomposition, soil food web structure, and carbon flow in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Shaw E. Ashley , Denef Karolien , Milano de Tomasel Cecilia , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Wall Diana H.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Root litter decomposition is a major component of carbon (C) cycling in grasslands, where it provides energy and nutrients for soil microbes and fauna. This is especially important in grasslands where fire is common and removes aboveground litter accumulation. In this study, we investigated whether fire affects root decomposition and C flow through the belowground food web. In a greenhouse experiment, we applied 13C-enriched big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) root litter to intact tallgrass prairie soil cores collected from annually burned (AB) and infrequently burned (IB) treatments at the Konza Prairie Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. Incorporation of 13C into microbial phospholipid fatty acids and nematode trophic groups was measured on six occasions during a 180-day decomposition study to determine how C was translocated through the soil food web. Results showed significantly different soil communities between treatments and higher microbial abundance for IB. Root decomposition occurred rapidly and was significantly greater for AB. Microbes and their nematode consumers immediately assimilated root litter C in both treatments. Root litter C was preferentially incorporated in a few groups of microbes and nematodes, but depended on burn treatment: fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungivore nematodes for AB and only omnivore nematodes for IB. The overall microbial pool of root-litter-derived C significantly increased over time but was not significantly different between burn treatments. The nematode pool of root-litter-derived C also significantly increased over time, and was significantly higher for the AB treatment at 35 and 90 days after litter addition. In conclusion, the C flow from root litter to microbes to nematodes is not only measurable but also significant, indicating that higher nematode trophic levels are critical components of C flow during root decomposition, which, in turn, is significantly affected by fire. Not only does fire affect the soil community and root decomposition, but the lower microbial abundance, greater root turnover, and the increased incorporation of root litter C by microbes and nematodes for AB suggests that annual burning increases root-litter-derived C flow through the soil food web of the tallgrass prairie.
New hosts for Bartalinia and Chaetopyrena in China
Authors: Wang Yan , Jin Ling , Lin Li , Zhu Tian-Tian , Chen Xiu-Rong , Chao Li-Ping
Published: May 2016

Two anamorphic species, Bartalinia robillardoides and Chaetopyrena penicillata, are reported on a new host in China. Both endophytic fungi were isolated from stems of Ephedra intermedia and are described and illustrated.
‘Zelfregulering in opdracht ondermijnt de autonomie’
Authors: Westerman Pauline
Published: May 2016

‘Commissioned self-regulation undermines autonomy’

Self-regulation not always implies autonomy. Spontaneous self-regulation should be distinguished from commissioned self-regulation. The latter form of self-regulation is nowadays widespread and the result of outsourcing governmental activities. Outsourcing can be conceptualized in terms of Principal-Agent relations, in which the P commissions an A to realize P’s aims. In commissioned self-regulation the A is often constituted by the P and required to make rules in order to advance P’s aims. However, rule-making is not an activity which remains unaltered if it changes hands. In a context of spontaneous self-regulation rules fulfill a variety of functions. They guide actions and decision-making, they serve as both justification and as criticism of actions and decisions, and will thereby limit arbitrariness. In commissioned self-regulation, these manifold functions tend to be reduced to one dominant function: justifying performances towards P. In the latter capacity rules tend to be formalized and presented in a format that enables the P to arrive efficiently at a decision. Moreover, for the P the content of the rules matters less than their existence. The degree in which the external function of rules prevails determines not only how rules are presented but also how they are drafted and selected. The more A anticipates the perspective of P, the more autonomy risks to be undermined.
Primjena cistatina C u određivanju jačine glomerularne filtracije kod oboljelih od tipa 2 dijabetes melitusa
Authors: Risović Iivona , Popović-Pejičić Snježana , Vlatković Vlastimir
Published: May 2016

Uvod. Funkcija bubrega se u praksi najčešće procjenjuje izračunavanjem jačineglomerularne filtracije (JGF) na osnovu koncentracije kreatinina u serumu.Primjena relativno novijeg parametra, cistatina C pokazala se pouzdanom iosjetljivom u procjeni bubrežne funkcije. Cilj rada je bio da se kod oboljelihod dijabetes melitusa (DM) tipa 2 odredi JGF pomoću 24-časovnog klirensakreatinina, primjenom jednačina iz serumskog kreatinina i cistatina C, te dase utvrdi stepen senzitivnosti i specifičnosti primjenjenih metoda.Metode. Šezdeset ispitanika, dobi od 40-70 godina starosti, podijeljeno je udvije grupe od po 30 ispitanika: grupa oboljelih od DM tipa 2 i kontrolnagrupa. Za određivanje JGF korišćen je 24-časovni klirens kreatinina, jednačineprema Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) za kreatinin i Chronic KidneyDisease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) za cistatin C.Rezultati. Prosječne vrijednosti serumskog cistatina C su bile statističkiznačajno više kod oboljelih od DM u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom (p<0,001). Utvrđena je statistički visoko značajna pozitivna korelacija izmeđuJGF izračunate pomoću jednačina koje koriste koncentracije kreatinina icistatina C u serumu (r =0,74, p< 0,001). Jednačina po CKD-EPI pokazala jeveću senzitivnost i specifičnost kod svih ispitanika. Ova senzitivnost je bilaizraženija kod oboljelih od DM i iznosila je za CKD-EPI 0,938, za MDRD 0,878,za 24-časovni klirens kreatinina 0,818, a specifičnost za CKD-EPI 0,878, zaMDRD 0,867, a za 24-časovni klirens kreatinina 0,802.Zaključak. Koncentracija cistatina C u serumu se pokazala kao pouzdan,senzitivan i specifičan parametar za izračunavanje JGF, posebno osjetljiv kodosoba sa blagim smanjenjem funkcije bubrega.
Loss of presenilin function is associated with a selective gain of APP function
Authors: Deyts Carole , Clutter Mary , Herrera Stacy , Jovanovic Natalia , Goddi Anna , Parent Angèle T
Published: May 2016

Presenilin 1 (PS1) is an essential γ-secretase component, the enzyme responsible for amyloid precursor protein (APP) intramembraneous cleavage. Mutations in PS1 lead to dominant-inheritance of early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Although expression of FAD-linked PS1 mutations enhances toxic Aβ production, the importance of other APP metabolites and γ-secretase substrates in the etiology of the disease has not been confirmed. We report that neurons expressing FAD-linked PS1 variants or functionally deficient PS1 exhibit enhanced axodendritic outgrowth due to increased levels of APP intracellular C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF). APP expression is required for exuberant neurite outgrowth and hippocampal axonal sprouting observed in knock-in mice expressing FAD-linked PS1 mutation. APP-CTF accumulation initiates CREB signaling cascade through an association of APP-CTF with Gαs protein. We demonstrate that pathological PS1 loss-of-function impinges on neurite formation through a selective APP gain-of-function that could impact on axodendritic connectivity and contribute to aberrant axonal sprouting observed in AD patients.
Ultrasonic and mechanical soil washing processes for the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Lee Wontae , Son Younggyu
Published: May 2016

Ultrasonic/mechanical soil washing process was investigated and compared with ultrasonic process and mechanical process using a relatively large lab-scale sonoreactor. It was found that higher removal efficiencies were observed in the combined processes for 0.1 and 0.3 M HCl washing liquids. It was due to the combination effects of macroscale removal for the overall range of slurry by mechanical mixing and microscale removal for the limited zone of slurry by cavitational actions.
Stress reticulocytes lose transferrin receptors by an extrinsic process involving spleen and macrophages
Authors: Rhodes Melissa M. , Koury Stephen T. , Kopsombut Prapaporn , Alford Catherine E. , Price James O. , Koury Mark J.
Published: May 2016

As they mature into erythrocytes during normal erythropoiesis, reticulocytes lose surface transferrin receptors before or concurrently with reticulin. Exosome release accounts for most of the loss of transferrin receptors from reticulocytes. During erythropoietic stress, reticulocytes are released early from hematopoietic tissues and have increased reticulin staining and transferrin receptors. Flow cytometry of dually stained erythrocytes of mice recovering from phlebotomy demonstrated delayed loss of reticulin and transferrin receptors during in vitro maturation compared to in vivo maturation, indicating that an in vivo process extrinsic to the reticulocytes facilitates their maturation. Splenectomy or macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate inhibited in vivo maturation of reticulocytes and increased the numbers of reticulin‐negative, transferrin receptor‐positive cells during and after recovery from phlebotomy. This reticulin‐negative, transferrin receptor‐positive population was rarely found in normal mice. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the reticulin‐negative, transferrin receptor‐positive cells were elongated and discoid erythrocytes, but they had intracellular and surface structures that appeared to be partially degraded organelles. The results indicate that maturation of circulating stress reticulocytes is enhanced by an extrinsic process that occurs in the spleen and involves macrophage activity. Complete loss of reticulin with incomplete loss of surface transferrin receptors in this process produces a reticulin‐negative, transferrin receptor‐positive erythrocyte population that has potential utility for detecting prior erythropoietic stresses including bleeding, hemolysis and erythropoietin administration, even after recovery has been completed. Am. J. Hematol. 91:875–882, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of structure of amines on the properties of amines‐modified reduced graphene oxide/polyimide composites
Authors: Ma Lang , Wang Guojian , Dai Jinfeng
Published: May 2016

Graphene oxide (GO), as an important precursor of graphene, was functionalized using alkyl‐amines with different structure and then reduced to prepare reduced amines grafted graphene oxide (RAGOs) by N2H4 · H2O. The successful chemical amidation reaction between amine groups of alkyl‐amines and carboxyl groups of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Then RAGOs/polyimide nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization and thermal curing process with different loadings of RAGOs. The modification of amine chains lead to homogenous dispersion of RAGOs in the composites and it formed strong interfacial adhesion between RAGOs and the polymer matrix. The mechanical and electrical properties of polyimide (PI) were significantly improved by incorporation of a small amount of RAGOs, the influence of structure of amines grafted on RAGOs on the enhancement effects of composites was discussed. The research results indicated that the proper structure of amine could effectively enhance the properties of composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43820.
The role of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 on tissue and fetal distribution of ribavirin in the mouse
Authors: Endres Christopher J. , Moss Aaron M. , Ishida Kazuya , Govindarajan Rajgopal , Unadkat Jashvant D.
Published: May 2016

Ribavirin is used for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) expressed in hepatocytes transports ribavirin into the liver, the site of efficacy of the drug. However, it is still unclear whether ENT1 plays a dominant role in the hepatic distribution of the drug in vivo. In addition, due to fetal toxicity, administration of ribavirin to pregnant women with HCV infection is contraindicated. ENT1 might play a role in the fetal distribution and therefore the fetal toxicity of ribavirin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo contribution of ENT1 to the tissue distribution of ribavirin. When compared with that in Ent1(+/+) mice, the ribavirin tissue to plasma concentration ratio (including phosphorylated metabolites) in Ent1(−/−) mice at 15 min and 6 h after intravenous [3H]‐ribavirin (3 mg/kg) administration was consistently and significantly decreased in the liver and the pancreas. Likewise, when compared with the Ent1(+/+) mice, the fetal distribution of ribavirin at 15 min after administration was significantly reduced in Ent1(−/−) fetuses and placenta. In contrast, there was no significant difference between Ent1(+/+), Ent1(+/−) and Ent1(−/−) mice in the fetal or placental to maternal plasma ribavirin concentration ratio at 2 h after ribavirin administration. The findings in the present study suggest that ENT1 plays a pivotal role in the distribution of ribavirin into tissues including the liver and pancreas, but affects only the rate, but not the extent, of ribavirin distribution into the fetus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Build positive community relations with training, proactive communication about good work
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: May 2016

It is no secret that the relationships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve have been strained in the last few years. I imagine readers have a variety of opinions on the cause of these tensions; some may argue politics while others may point to specific instances of bad acts by police officers or by the civilians they have encountered in varying stressful situations.
Reinvigorate your office by finding meaning in your day‐to‐day work
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2016

PHOENIX — One key to addressing professional burnout is being able to find meaning in your life's work, and particularly in being able to find meaning in your day‐to‐day tasks. In a session at the recent American Association for Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual meeting, Julia Pomerenk, university registrar for Washington State University, shared strategies for meaningful life work.
Intraprocedural balloon dilation of the direct flow medical transcatheter aortic valve: First United States experience
Authors: Krishnaswamy Amar , Mick Stephanie , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: May 2016

Optimization of hemodynamics during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using the commercially available balloon expandable and self‐expanding valves is often accomplished through post‐dilation of the valves' metallic frame. The direct flow medical (DFM) valve is a uniquely designed second‐generation TAVR prosthetic without a rigid metallic frame. It is not widely known whether balloon dilation of this valve is beneficial when valve hemodynamics after initial deployment suboptimal due to valve underexpansion. We present the first two US patients who underwent TAVR using the DFM valve who had underexpansion in the setting of bulky leaflet calcification that resulted in elevated valve gradients and were treated successfully using intraprocedural balloon dilation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compared to femoral venous access, upper extremity right heart catheterization reduces time to ambulation: A single center experience
Authors: Speiser Bernadette , Pearson Katrina , Xie Hui , Shroff Adhir R. , Vidovich Mladen I.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To determine ambulation times after right heart catheterization (RHC) via upper extremity access compared to femoral venous access.

Background

Transradial coronary angiography has been associated with shorter times to ambulation. We hypothesized that RHC from the upper extremity would be similarly associated with shorter ambulation times when compared to traditional femoral access.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of 379 consecutive patients who underwent a variety of diagnostic and interventional left‐ and right‐heart procedures through upper extremity and femoral access sites.

Results

The time to ambulation for RHC through the arm veins versus the femoral vein was lower (42.6 min ± 14.2 vs. 175.0 min ± 65.0, P < 0.001). Fluoroscopy times (8.5 min ± 6.8 vs. 12.8 min ± 8.4, P < 0.001) and radiation doses (64.1 Gy cm−2 ± 60.0 vs. 108.5 Gy cm−2 ± 71.6, P < 0.001) were reduced in the radial compared to femoral group, respectively. In multivariate analyses, upper arm access (P < 0.0001), lower heparin dose (P = 0.032), inpatient status (P = 0.01), and concurrent PCI (P = 0.03) were associated with shorter times to ambulation.

Conclusions

Right heart catheterization from the upper extremity is strongly associated with shorter times to ambulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteropoly “Browns” as Class I Mixed Valence (W(IV,VI)) Complexes. Tungsten‐183 NMR of W(IV) Trimers.
Authors: PIEPGRASS K. , POPE M. T.
Published: May 2016

Solutions of the 6‐electron reduced "heteropoly browns" of the Keggin anions α‐SiW12O44‐0, α‐BW12O45‐0, and α‐(H2)W12O640 have been investigated by 183W NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Perovskite Solid Solutions. Part 7. A Study of the Non‐stoicheiometric Phase SrCoO3‐y by 57Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: BATTLE P. D. , GIBB T. C.
Published: May 2016

The 57Fe Mößbauer spectra of 57Fe‐doped samples of Sr2Co2O5 (or SrCoO2.5), SrCoO2.56, and SrCoO2.63 are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of TlLn(SO4)2·xH2O (Ln: La‐Tb).
Authors: BUKOVEC N. , BUKOVEC P.
Published: May 2016

All the title compounds have been isolated from aqueous 1:1 solutions of Tl2SO4 and Ln2(SO4)3.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Synthesis of Xenon(II) Fluorostannates(IV).
Authors: DRUZINA B. , ZEMVA B.
Published: May 2016

The xenon(II) fluorostannates(IV) (I) and (II) are prepared by treating xenon difluoride (IV) with tin difluoride (III) or hydrazinium tetrafluorostannate(II) (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New “Active” Chromium(III) Hydroxide: Cr2(μ‐OH)2(OH)4(OH2)4·2 H2O. Characterization and Use in the Preparation of Salts of the (H2O)4Cr(μ‐OH)2Cr(OH2)4+ 4 Ion. Crystal Structure of ((H2O)4Cr(μ‐OH)2Cr(OH2)4) ((H3C)3C6H2SO3)4·4 H2O.
Authors: SPICCIA L. , STOECKLI‐EVANS H. , MARTY W. , GIOVANOLI R.
Published: May 2016

Rapid addition of a buffer (pH ∼ 6.9, at ∼ 0 °C) to a solution of (I) results in the precipitation of the light blue‐green "active" dimer (II), that instantaneously dissolves on acidification regenerating more than 95% of the original dimer (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Isomers of the Rhenium Azobenzene Complex CpRe(CO)2(N2Ph2).
Authors: EINSTEIN F. W. B. , SUTTON D. , TYERS K. G.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (I), prepared from Re(C5H5)(CO)2(THF) and the respective trans‐azobenzene in hexane, exist in the solid state with the azoligand bound in a cyclic η2‐form.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrogeneration of Low‐Valent‐Oxidation‐State Vanadium Porphyrins. Characterization of the First Vanadium(III) Species.
Authors: REEB P. , MUGNIER Y. , GUILARD R. , LAVIRON E.
Published: May 2016

The first V(III) porphyrin complex (II) is isolated after an exhaustive controlled‐potential electrolysis of (I), evaporation of the solvent and extraction by toluene.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Addition Reaction of Fluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkenes.
Authors: CHEN Q. , HE Y. , YANG Z.
Published: May 2016

The fluoroalkyl iodides (I) are coupled with the alkenes (II) in the presence of iron as a catalyst to give the products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Heterocycles: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐5‐oxo‐5‐H‐pyrido(3′,2′:5,6)pyrimido(2,1‐b) (1,3,4)oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles, 9‐Aryl‐5‐oxo‐5H‐pyrido(3′,2′:5,6)pyrimido(2,1‐b)thiadiazoles and 2‐Aryl‐6‐hydroxy(1,3,4)thiadiazolo/thiazolo(3,2‐a)benzimidazoles.
Authors: SAHU M. , SAHU J. K. , NAYAK A.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the pyridine (I) with the heterocycles (II) or (IV) according to A) and B) yields the title systems (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Diazepines. Part 24. Reactions of Monocyclic 1H‐1,3‐Diazepines. Photo‐Sensitized Oxygenation.
Authors: KURITA J. , KOJIMA H. , TSUCHIYA T.
Published: May 2016

Photosensitized oxygenation of the 1H‐1,3‐diazepines (I) yields the fragmentation products (II) ‐ (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: (2σ + 4π) Photocycloaddition of 1,2‐Diarylcyclopropanes to 9,10‐Dicyanoanthracene via Geminate Radical Ion Pair.
Authors: ICHINOSE N. , MIZUNO K. , HIROMOTO Z. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

Addition of dicyanoanthracene (I) to the diarylcyclopropanes (IIa) ‐ (IId) under irradiation yields the isomeric adducts (IIIa) ‐ (IIId) and (IVa) ‐ (IVd) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Formation of Nitriles from Diphenylhydrazones.
Authors: GUELOGLU N. H. + , PARLAR H.
Published: May 2016

Photolytic fission of the diphenylhydrazones (I) yields the nitriles (II) and diphenylamine (III), which is cyclodehydrogenated on further irradiation to form the carbazole (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 6‐Trifluoromethyl‐2‐cyclohexenone.
Authors: SEMISCH C. , MARGARETHA P.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (Ia), synthesized as shown in the reaction scheme, cyclodimerizes under irradiation to give the product (IV), which consists of ten isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis with Unsaturated Nitriles. Part 7. Trifluoromethanesulfenylation of Ylidenemalononitrile Dimers.
Authors: MOKROSZ M. J.
Published: May 2016

The alkylidenemalononitrile dimers (I), (V), (VII), and (IX) react with trifluoromethanesulfenyl chloride (II) to give the corresponding monosulfenylated products (III), (VI), (VIII), (X), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Catalyzed Substitution of Allyl Acetates or Allyl Sulfones.
Authors: CUVIGNY T. , JULIA M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the activated methylene compounds (II) with the allylic compounds (I) in the presence of Ni catalysts and a reduction reagent yields mixtures of the olefinic products (IV) ‐ (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl‐ and Fluorocarbonylhydrazines.
Authors: SUNDERMEYER W. , WITZ M.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III), (V), and (VII) are synthesized by reacting xenon difluoride (I) with the isocyanates (II) and (VI) or the perfluoroazapropene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkylation of Bis(9‐anthryl) Disulfide.
Authors: MAJUMDAR K. C. , CHATTOPADHYAY S. K. , SEN B. K.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of anthrone (I) with phosphorus pentasulfide yields the title compound (II) instead of the expected thioanthrone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 9,10‐Arylsulphonylimido‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene.
Authors: MARKOV V. I. , DANILEIKO D. A. , MALYSH G. G.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of N,N‐dichloroarylsulfonamides (II) with phenanthrene (I) is reexamined in the presence of different bases (MgO, CaCO3, and (III)) and initiators (Cu, Cu2Cl2).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Spiro(azetidin‐2‐one‐4,2′(or 3,2′)‐tricyclo‐(3.3.1.13,7)decane) Derivatives.
Authors: MULLEN G. B. , GEORGIEV V. ST.
Published: May 2016

2‐Adamantanone (II) and the spiro‐epoxide (IV) are transformed into the methyleneadamantanes (VI) which undergo cycloaddition with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (VII), yielding the N‐chlorosulfonyl spiro‐azetidinones (VIII) and (Xa).
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 2,4‐Dioxoalkanoates as Starting Materials for a Convenient Route to 3(2H)Furanones and 3(2H)Furanimines.
Authors: BARALDI P. G. , BARCO A. , BENETTI S. , MANFREDINI S. , POLLINI G. P. , SIMONI D.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (I) are converted to oxazines of type (II)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Syntheses of Methyl 8‐epi‐Nonactate and Methyl Nonactate.
Authors: WARM A. , VOGEL P.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the (±)‐oxonorbornenone (I), the methylated ketone (IV) is synthesized via the hydrogenated product (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis and Solvolysis of 4‐(Bis(methylthio))methylene‐2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐one.
Authors: TRIPATHY P. K. , ROY J. , MUKERJEE A. K.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (IV) can easily be synthesized in a one‐pot procedure starting from hippuric acid (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Cyclization Reaction of 2‐Cyanomethylbenzothiazole with Acetylenic Compounds via Michael Addition.
Authors: KONWAR D. , BORUAH R. C. , SANDHU J. S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the cyanomethylbenzothiazole (II) with the acetylene derivatives (Ia) ‐ (Ic) yields the cyanopyrido(2,1‐b)benzothiazolones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Automatic Assembly of Dilactones from the d,l‐Forms of α,α′‐Dihydroxy‐ α,α′‐dimethylglutaric Acid and α,α′‐Dihydroxy‐α,α′‐dimethyladipic Acids.
Authors: KOSTYANOVSKII R. G. , EL'NATANOV YU. I. , LESHCHINSKAYA V. P. , CHERVIN I. I.
Published: May 2016

The dilactones (IV) are formed under mild conditions only from the monolactone (IIa) or the d,l‐form (IIIa) of the dihydroxydimethyladipic acid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimidinium N‐Dicyanomethylide. Synthesis and Reactivity Towards Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: DE LA HOZ A. , DE PAZ J. L. G. , DIEZ‐BARRA E. , ELGUERO J. , PARDO C.
Published: May 2016

Pyrimidine (I) reacts with tetracyanoethylene oxide (II) to yield the pyrimidinium N‐dicyanomethylide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Attempts to Quaternize Secondary Phosphanes with tert‐Butyl Bromide.
Authors: WOLFSBERGER W.
Published: May 2016

The monoalkyldiphenylphosphanes (I) are cleaved by metallic sodium to form phenylsodium (II) and the phenyl alkyl phosphides (III), which react with tert‐butyl chloride (IV) to give the secondary phosphanes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Contributions to the Chemistry of Iodine Pentafluoride. Part 4. IF5 as a Selective Oxidizing Fluorinating Agent for Organophosphorus(III) Compounds.
Authors: FROHN H. J. , MAURER H.
Published: May 2016

The aryl and alkylphosphines (II), (IV), (VI), and (VII) are oxidized selectively by IF5 (I) to yield the fluorophosphoranes (III), (V), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacoordinated Molecules. Part 67. Formation and Structure of Cyclic Five‐Coordinated Antimony Derivatives. The First Square‐Pyramidal Geometry for a Bicyclic Stiborane.
Authors: HOLMES R. R. , DAY R. O. , CHANDRASEKHAR V. , HOLMES J. M.
Published: May 2016

The stiboranes (I) and (II) are formed by the oxidative‐addition reaction of tetrachloro‐o‐benzoquinone with the corresponding stiboles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of a Novel Aluminacarborane, nido‐(μ‐6,9‐AlEt(OEt2)‐6,9‐C2B8H10).
Authors: SCHUBERT D. M. , KNOBLER C. B. , REES W. S. JUN. , HAWTHORNE M. F.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the air‐ and water‐sensitive title compound (IIIa) is carried out by reaction of an equimolar amount of (I) (freshly prepared by deprotonation of 5,6‐C2B8H12 with excess NaH) with the Al compound (II) in refluxing toluene.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Iodine Pentafluoride. Part 5. IF5 as Oxidizing Fluorinating Agent for Organo Element Compounds of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth: Selectivity and Limits of the Method.
Authors: FROHN H. J. , MAURER H.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the organo‐metallic compounds (I) ‐ (III) with IF5 in acetonitrile or dichloromethane at temperatures below 0°C are investigated in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Catecholate Coordination in the Bis(tetrabromocatecholato)(triphenylphosphine oxide)manganese(III) Anionic Dimer.
Authors: LARSEN S. K. , PIERPONT C. G. , DEMUNNO G. , DOLCETTI G.
Published: May 2016

Tetrabromo‐1,2‐benzoquinone in acetone reacts with MnCl2 in the presence of PPh3 and KOH (15 min reflux) to yield the title complex (I) which crystallizes in the space group P21/n with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Spin‐Delocalized Mixed‐Valence Mn(I)Mn(II) Dimers Bridged by Alkoxide, Imidazolate, or Malonodinitrile Anions.
Authors: GROSS R. , KAIM W.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (I)‐(III) are produced by oxidation of the Mn(I) precursor complexes with O2 (air) or PbO2 in aprotic media and characterized by EPR as spin‐delocalized Mn(I)/Mn(II) systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cluster Interconversion Chemistry of a Linear Trinuclear Hexakis(μ‐benzenethiolato)triiron(II) Hexacarbonyl Compound.
Authors: WALTERS M. A. , DEWAN J. C.
Published: May 2016

The neutral title compound (I) assembles in a solution containing NaSPh and FeCl2 in EtOH under CO at 20 °C within 3 days.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II) Complex of a Novel Pentadentate Half‐Clathro Half‐Cyclidene Ligand Produced by a Base‐Catalyzed Ligand Rearrangement.
Authors: CASTE M. L. , CAIRNS C. J. , CHURCH J. , LIN W.‐K. , GALLUCCI J. C. , BUSCH D. H.
Published: May 2016

The low‐spin Co(II) complex (I) of an unsaturated macrocycle is synthesized by reaction of the protonated ligand with Co acetate in refluxing MeOH under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Oxidation of Binuclear Rhodium(I) Complexes with Silver Salts. Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of the Rh4+ 2 Mixed‐Ligand Complex Rh2(Form)2(O2CCF3)2(H2O)2·0.5 C6H6 (Form: N,N′‐Di‐p‐tolylformamidinate Anion).
Authors: PIRAINO P. , BRUNO G. , TRESOLDI G. , LO SCHIAVO S. , ZANELLO P.
Published: May 2016

The facile chemical oxidation of the binuclear Rh(I) complex (I) with AgO2CCF3 yields the mixed‐ligand complex (IIa) which crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: Dissociative Substitution in Four‐Coordinate Planar Platinum(II) Complexes. Part 2. Crystal Structure of cis‐Diphenylbis(dimethyl sulfide)platinum(II) and Kinetics of Thioether Displacement by Bidentate Ligands in Benzene.
Authors: ALIBRANDI G. , BRUNO G. , LANZA S. , MINNITI D. , ROMEO R. , TOBE M. L.
Published: May 2016

A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study confirms the square planar cis geometry of the title complex (I) (space group P21/n, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐ar‐Turmerone Employing Organolithium Reagents.
Authors: GHARPURE M. M. , JOSHI P. L. , RAO A. S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the lithium salt (Ia) and the racemic acid (II) represents a successful method for the preparation of racemic ar‐turmerone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on d,l‐Aspterric Acid, Carotane Type Sesquiterpene. Part 1. Synthesis of d,l‐(3α,4ξ,6aα,10aα)‐Octahydro‐4‐hydroxy‐7,7‐dimethyl‐8H‐3# ,10a‐methano‐1H‐2‐benzoxocin‐8‐one.
Authors: HARAYAMA T. , SHINKAI Y. , INUBUSHI Y.
Published: May 2016

The diester (I) undergoes twofold Dieckmann cyclization, yielding the bicycle (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of a New Class of Ring‐C Aromatic Steroid.
Authors: CHATTERJEE S. K. , RAYCHAUDHURI S. R. , CHATTERJEE A.
Published: May 2016

The compounds (IIa) and (VI) are available from the tricyclic ketone (I) according to already reported procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the Products of Reaction Between 3,4,6‐Tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐nitroso‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl Chloride and the Methyl Esters of Some N‐(Protected)‐L‐Hydroxyamino Acids.
Authors: SMIATACZ Z. , PASZKIEWICZ E.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the dimeric title compound (I) with the protected amino acid esters (II) yields the anomeric products (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Amino‐2′‐deoxytubercidin and Related Pyrrolo(2,3‐d)pyrimidinyl‐2′‐deoxyribofuranosides.
Authors: SEELA F. , STEKER H. , DRILLER H. , BINDIG U.
Published: May 2016

The nucleosides (III) are prepared by phase‐transfer glycosylation of (II) with the halogenose (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 69. Reaction of 5‐Bromouridine Derivatives with Dimethyl Malonate Carbanion. A Novel Entry to the Synthesis of Uridine‐5‐acetic acids.
Authors: INOUE H. , SAITO N. , UEDA T.
Published: May 2016

The 5‐bromo uridine (Ib) reacts with dimethylmalonate (II) to form the substitution product (Ic) which is hydrolyzed under various conditions, producing the compounds (III) ‐ (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Origin of Increased Activity in Mechanochemistry of Solids
Authors: THIESSEN K. P.
Published: May 2016

Review: (with the main topic being the energetics of mechanochemical processes; 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactivity of Hydrogen Bronzes
Authors: TINET D. , ANCION C. , PONCELET G. , FRIPIAT J. J.
Published: May 2016

Review: (obtained by spillover of hydrogen onto Pt particles deposited on the surface of MoO3, V2O5, and VMoO5.5; 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactivity and the Structure of Gels
Authors: BRINKER C. J. , BUNKER B. C. , TALLANT D. R. , WARD K. J.
Published: May 2016

Review: (the paper summarizes how the structure of gels influences their chemical reactivity and vice versa; 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: closo‐Halogenohydrohexaborates. Part 1. Preparation of the Pure closo‐Halogenohydrohexaborates XnB6H2‐ 6‐n, n = 1‐6, X: Cl, Br, I, Including the Stereoisomers.
Authors: PREETZ W. , FRITZE J.
Published: May 2016

Mixtures of the title anions are obtained by carefully controlled treatment of aqueous alkaline solutions of Na2B6H6 with halogens or with NCS or NBS (substitution reaction according to the scheme, preparation conditions for each anion are given in detail).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Fe2O3 by Thermal Decomposition of FeC4H4O4·4 H2O.
Authors: VENKATARAMAN A. , MUKHEDKAR V. A. , RAHMAN M. M. , NIKUMBH A. K. , MUKHEDKAR A. J.
Published: May 2016

The thermal decomposition of FeC4H4O4·4 H2O (I) has been studied in static air, dynamic N2, and dynamic air by TGA, DTA, DTG, and d.c.
ChemInform Abstract: Hindered Internal Conversion in Rigid Media. Thermally Nonequilibrated 3IL and 3CT Emissions from (Cu(5‐X‐phen)(PPh3)2)+ and (Cu(4,7‐X2‐phen)(PPh3)2)+ Systems in a Glass at 77 K.
Authors: CASADONTE D. J. JUN. , MCMILLIN D. R.
Published: May 2016

The absorption and emission spectra of the title Cu(I) complexes (I) and (II) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Perturbation of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of Quadruply Bonded Dimers. The Crystal Structures of Mo2Br4(PMe3)4 and Mo2I4(PMe3)4, and the Vibrational and Electronic Spectra of a Series of M2X4L4 Complexes.
Authors: HOPKINS M. D. , SCHAEFER W. P. , BRONIKOWSKI M. J. , WOODRUFF W. H. , MISKOWSKI V. M. , DALLINGER R. F. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

The ligand dependence of the molecular and electronic structures of the title dimers (I) are investigated by evaluating four fingerprint experimental parameters: metal‐metal distance and stretching frequency, and 1(δ → δ*) transition energy and intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Functionalization of Prochiral Diols via Chiral Spiroketals: Preparation of Optically Pure 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Propanediol Derivatives and Asymmetric Synthesis of Chroman Ring and Side Chain of α‐Tocopherol.
Authors: HARADA T. , HAYASHIYA T. , WADA I. , IWA‐AKE N. , OKU A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the bis‐ethers (I) with l‐menthone (II) according to the conditions indicated selectively yields the thermodynamically stable equatorial isomers (IVa)‐(IVc).
ChemInform Abstract: An Example of Axial Selectivity in Nucleophilic Additions to Cyclohexanones and Cyclohexenones.
Authors: TROST B. M. , FLOREZ J. , JEBARATNAM D. J.
Published: May 2016

High axial selectivity is observed in the nucleophilic additions of the anions of the salts (I) to various ketones (II), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) to give the addition products (III), (V), (VII), (IX), or (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Chemical Reactivity of 2‐Benzopyrylium‐4‐olate.
Authors: SAMMES P. G. , WHITBY R. J.
Published: May 2016

The benzopyran (VIII) is prepared by an efficient route starting from the pyranone (I) via (III), (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: About the Stereochemistry of Intramolecular (2 + 2) Photocycloadditions.
Authors: BECKER D. , HADDAD N.
Published: May 2016

Intramolecular photocycloaddition of the alkenylcyclohexenones (I) yields the isomeric adducts (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Isomerization of Benzocyclobutene.
Authors: CHAPMAN O. L. , TSOU U.‐P. E. , JOHNSON J. W.
Published: May 2016

Thermolysis of benzocyclobutene (13CH2, 99%) gives styrene labeled in the β (48%), ortho (30%), α (14%), meta (4%), and para (4%) positions.
ChemInform Abstract: External and Internal Heavy‐Atom Effects on the Rate of Spin‐Forbidden Proton Tunneling in the Triplet Ground State Biradical, 1,3‐Perinaphthadiyl.
Authors: FISHER J. J. , MICHL J.
Published: May 2016

The rearrangement of the biradical (Ia), readily accessible by UV irradiation of the respective cyclopropane precursor, by 2,1‐H shift to yield phenalene (IIa) proceeds at a temp.‐independent rate, which is attributed to quantum mechanical tunneling from the triplet ground state of (I) to the singlet ground state of (II) (Arrhenius plot for the rearrangements of (Ia), (Ib) to (IIa), (IIb) and kinetic isotope effect of 1300 for both (Ic)).
ChemInform Abstract: Energetic Comparison Between Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Reactions from NADH Model Compounds to Organic and Inorganic Oxidants and Hydride‐Transfer Reactions from NADH Model Compounds to p‐Benzoquinone Derivatives.
Authors: FUKUZUMI S. , KOUMITSU S. , HIRONAKA K. , TANAKA T.
Published: May 2016

Kinetic studies on photoinduced electron‐transfer reactions from dihydropyridine compounds (PyH2) as NADH model compounds to organic and inorganic oxidants such as excited states of (RuL3)2+ and (RuL2L') (L: 2,2'‐bipyridine and L': 4,4'‐(COO‐)2bpy) and hydride‐transfer reactions from PyH2 to p‐benzoquinone derivatives (Q) in the absence and presence of Mg2+ ion are reported by determining over 150rate constants.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Study of Chemically Activated Fluorocyclopropane.
Authors: DALL'O L. , HEYDTMANN H.
Published: May 2016

The photolysis of ketene at 313 nm was studied in the presence of fluoroethene and oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: From Carbohydrates to Optically Active Carbocycles. Part 1. Stereochemical Control in Sugar Hex‐5‐enyl Radical Cyclization.
Authors: RAJANBABU T. V.
Published: May 2016

The Wittig products derived from the D‐glucopyranose (I) are converted via a radical 1,5‐trans cyclization to the cyclopentanes (III), the sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Under Michael Reaction Conditions. Part 2. Synthesis of 2‐Azabicyclo(2.2.2)octa‐2,5‐diene Derivatives from Alkylidenemalononitriles and Formation of Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: IGARASHI M. , NAKANO Y. , TAKEZAWA K. , WATANABE T. , SATO S.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the alkylidenemalononitriles (I) with sodium methoxide yields the bicyclic derivatives (II) which are converted to the pyridines (III) by a thermal retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Radical Addition onto Protonated Heteroaromatic Systems Including Purine Bases.
Authors: CASTAGNINO E. , CORSANO S. , BARTON D. H. R. , ZARD S. Z.
Published: May 2016

The esters (III), prepared from N‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐thione (II) and the acids (I), are photolytically cleaved in the presence of heterocycles such as (IV) and camphorsulfonic acid to transfer the cycloalkyl moiety R1.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl Addition Reaction by Means of β‐Silylphosphorous Ylide. Anti‐ Diastereoselective Vinylation of α‐Alkoxy Aldehydes.
Authors: IIO H. , MIZOBUCHI T. , TSUKAMOTO M. , TOKOROYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The α‐alkoxyaldehydes (I) react with the ylides (II) to produce predominantly the anti‐allylic alcohols (III), together with syn‐(III) and the regioisomers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Tris(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine with Epoxides.
Authors: WADA M. , TSUBOI A.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the epoxides (I) with the phosphine (II) gives 2‐hydroxyalkyl phosphonium species, which are isolated as their perchlorate salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction of Phosphorus‐Phosphorus and Arsenic‐Arsenic Double Bonds. An Electrochemical Study of Two Diphosphenes and a Diarsene.
Authors: BARD A. J. , COWLEY A. H. , KILDUFF J. E. , LELAND J. K. , NORMAN N. C. , PAKULSKI M. , HEATH G. A.
Published: May 2016

The diphosphenes (Ia,c) and the diarsene (Ib) undergo electrochemical reduction in THF solution to the corresponding anion radicals (II).