bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multisensory Integration and the Society for Neuroscience: Then and Now
Authors: Stein Barry E. , Stanford Terrence R. , Rowland Benjamin A.
Published: November 2019

The operation of our multiple and distinct sensory systems has long captured the interest of researchers from multiple disciplines. When the Society was founded 50 years ago to bring neuroscience research under a common banner, sensory research was largely divided along modality-specific lines. At the time, there were only a few physiological and anatomical observations of the multisensory interactions that powerfully influence our everyday perception. Since then, the neuroscientific study of multisensory integration has increased exponentially in both volume and diversity. From initial studies identifying the overlapping receptive fields of multisensory neurons, to subsequent studies of the spatial and temporal principles that govern the integration of multiple sensory cues, our understanding of this phenomenon at the single-neuron level has expanded to include a variety of dimensions. We now can appreciate how multisensory integration can alter patterns of neural activity in time, and even coordinate activity among populations of neurons across different brain areas. There is now a growing battery of sophisticated empirical and computational techniques that are being used to study this process in a number of models. These advancements have not only enhanced our understanding of this remarkable process in the normal adult brain, but also its underlying circuitry, requirements for development, susceptibility to malfunction, and how its principles may be used to mitigate malfunction.
Phosphorylation of TRPV1 S801 Contributes to Modality-Specific Hyperalgesia in Mice
Authors: Joseph John , Qu Lintao , Wang Sheng , Kim Martin , Bennett Daniel , Ro Jin , Caterina Michael J. , Chung Man-Kyo
Published: November 2019

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cationic channel activated by painful stimuli such as capsaicin and noxious heat, and enriched in sensory neurons of the pain pathway. During inflammation, chemical mediators activate protein kinases (such as PKC) that phosphorylate TRPV1 and thereby enhance its function, with consequent increases in nociceptor sensitization. However, the causal relationships between TRPV1 phosphorylation and pathological pain remain unexplored. To directly investigate the roles of one specific TRPV1 phosphorylation eventin vivo, we genetically altered a major PKC phosphorylation site, mouse TRPV1 S801, to alanine. The TRPV1 expression pattern in sensory neurons of S801A knock-in (KI) mice was comparable to that in WT controls. However, sensitization of capsaicin-mediated currents after the activation of PKC was substantially impaired in sensory neurons from KI mice. Thermal hyperalgesia induced by PMA or burn injury in KI was identical to WT. Inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia was only marginally attenuated in KI mice. In contrast, PMA-evoked nocifensive responses and sensitization of capsaicin responses were significantly attenuated in the hindpaws of KI mice. Ongoing pain from inflamed masseter muscle was also reduced in KI mice, and was further inhibited by the TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810. These results suggest that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1 S801 contributes to inflammation-mediated sensitization of TRPV1 to ligand, but not heat,in vivo. Further, this suggests that interference with TRPV1 S801 phosphorylation might represent one potential way to attenuate inflammatory pain, yet spare basal sensitivity and produce fewer side effects than more general TRPV1 inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTransient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) has been considered a potential target for pain intervention. Global inhibitors of TRPV1 function, however, produce side effects which could compromise their clinical utility. By precisely removing a unique PKC phosphorylation site (TRPV1 S801) in mice through CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we providein vivoevidence for a highly specific inhibition that leaves basal TRPV1 function intact, yet alleviates some forms of hyperalgesia. These findings support inhibition of TRPV1 S801 phosphorylation as a potential intervention for pain management.
The Salience Network: A Neural System for Perceiving and Responding to Homeostatic Demands
Authors: Seeley William W.
Published: November 2019

The term “salience network” refers to a suite of brain regions whose cortical hubs are the anterior cingulate and ventral anterior insular (i.e., frontoinsular) cortices. This network, which also includes nodes in the amygdala, hypothalamus, ventral striatum, thalamus, and specific brainstem nuclei, coactivates in response to diverse experimental tasks and conditions, suggesting a domain-general function. In the 12 years since its initial description, the salience network has been extensively studied, using diverse methods, concepts, and mammalian species, including healthy and diseased humans across the lifespan. Despite this large and growing body of research, the essential functions of the salience network remain uncertain. In this paper, which makes no attempt to comprehensively review this literature, I describe the circumstances surrounding the initial discovery, conceptualization, and naming of the salience network, highlighting aspects that may be unfamiliar to many readers. I then discuss some of the key advances provided by subsequent research and conclude by posing a few of the questions that remain to be explored.
Constraints on the Use of Adaptive Management in New Zealand’s Resource Management
Authors: Kirk Nicholas
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the development of adaptive management in New Zealand’s resource management case law. In particular, this paper investigates a Supreme Court decision (Sustain Our Sounds Inc v King Salmon New Zealand Co Ltd), which established a set of criteria for implementing adaptive management through New Zealand’s Resource Management Act. This paper describes King Salmon’s initial request for aquaculture permits, the Supreme Court appeal, and the Supreme Court’s justification for an adaptive management approach. Analyzing this justification, this paper explores the remaining constraints using an adaptive management approach to enable a more agile and flexible resource management system in New Zealand.
Which Recurrent Selection Scheme To Improve Mixtures of Crop Species? Theoretical Expectations
Authors: Sampoux Jean-Paul , Giraud Héloïse , Litrico Isabelle
Published: November 2019

In a context of increasing environmental challenges, there is an emerging demand for plant cultivars that are adapted to cultivation in species mixture. It is thus pressing to look for the optimization of selection schemes to grow species mixtures, and especially recurrent selection schemes which are at the core of the improvement of many plant species. We considered the case of two populations from different species to be improved by recurrent selection for their performances in mixture. We set up an analytical model of performances in mixture. We expressed the expected responses of the performances in mixture to one cycle of selection in the case of a Reciprocal Mixture Ability selection scheme and of two parallel selection schemes aiming to improve General Mixture Abilities or performances in pure stands. We numerically compared these selection schemes when half-sib or topcross progeny families of selection candidates are tested in mixture. Selection in pure stands appeared efficient within a limited range of genetic correlations between pure stand performance and mixture model effects. The Reciprocal Mixture Ability selection scheme was expected to be less efficient than parallel selections for General Mixture Ability in some situations. The last option enables to control the ratio of expected responses of species contributions to the mixture performance without bias when using selection indices. When more than two species are be improved for their performances in mixture, the advantage of parallel selections for General Mixture Ability is even more marked, providing that compensation trends between species are not too prevalent.
Impact of SIMPLE Feeding Quality Improvement Strategies on Aerodigestive Milestones and Feeding Outcomes in BPD Infants
Authors: Bapat Roopali , Gulati Ish K. , Jadcherla Sudarshan
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Delays with enteral and oral feeding milestones among premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can be due to provider variation or infant-dependent factors. Our objectives with this study were to compare aerodigestive milestones and length of stay in BPD infants after implementing a quality improvement program to improve feeding outcomes.

METHODS:

Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement model for quality improvement, we implemented the simplified, individualized, milestone-targeted, pragmatic, longitudinal, and educational (SIMPLE) feeding strategy to enhance feeding and aerodigestive milestones among BPD infants. The key interventions addressed were as follows: (1) enteral feed initiation and advancement protocol; (2) oral feeding progression guidelines, optimization of respiratory support, feeding readiness scores, nonnutritive breastfeeding, and cue-based feeding; (3) active multidisciplinary collaboration; and (4) family-centered care. Comparisons were made between baseline (January 2009 to March 2010) and SIMPLE feeding strategy (May 2010 to December 2013) groups. Both groups included infants between 23 0/7 and 32 6/7 weeks’ birth gestation, and ≤34 weeks’ postmenstrual age at admission and discharge.

RESULTS:

The baseline group and SIMPLE feeding group included 92 patients and 187 patients, respectively. Full enteral feeding, first oral feeding, full oral feeding, and length of stay milestones were (all P < .05) achieved sooner in the SIMPLE feeding group. Although the overall prevalence of BPD in the 2 groups is similar, the incidence of moderate BPD has decreased (P < .05) and severe BPD has increased (P < .05) in the SIMPLE feeding group.

CONCLUSIONS:

SIMPLE feeding strategy advances postnatal maturation and acquisition of feeding milestones irrespective of the severity of BPD and impacts the length of stay, thereby lowering resource use.
An Electronic Sexual Health Module for Hospitalized Adolescent Girls
Authors: Riese Alison , Houck Christopher , Abdullahi Najma , Davies Abigail C. , Baird Janette , Alverson Brian
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an electronic sexual health module for inpatient adolescent girls and assess the preliminary effect on uptake of sexual health services.

METHODS:

We recruited girls 14 to 18 years old admitted to the hospitalist service of 1 academic children’s hospital from January 2016 to October 2016. Participants completed an electronic sexual health module that included a sexual health assessment, tailored feedback (randomized for half of the participants only), and a questionnaire to request sexual health services. Participation and completion rates, along with effects of tailored feedback, risk perception, age group, and sexual activity on uptake of services, were examined.

RESULTS:

Seventy-seven percent of eligible participants who were approached enrolled in the study (n = 66 of 86). The completion rate was 100%. Fifty-three percent (n = 35) requested some form of sexual health service; of these, 83% (n = 29) requested to watch a contraception video. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of requests for those who received tailored feedback and for those who did not (57% vs 48%; P = .48). Younger teens and those without sexual experience made requests similar to older and sexually experienced girls except regarding sexually transmitted infection testing, which was significantly higher in the latter populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

This pilot study demonstrated reasonable feasibility and acceptability of a standardized sexual health module for adolescent girls admitted to the general pediatric wards. Videos focused on adolescent health were of particular interest to this population. Further study should examine the impact of such a module on long-term sexual health behaviors.
Adolescents’ Experiences During “Boarding” Hospitalization While Awaiting Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment Following Suicidal Ideation or Suicide Attempt
Authors: Worsley Diana , Barrios Emily , Shuter Marie , Pettit Amy R. , Doupnik Stephanie K.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Two million adolescents experience suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) annually, and they frequently present to emergency departments. Delays in transfer to inpatient psychiatric units increasingly lead to “boarding” in emergency departments and inpatient medical units. We sought to understand adolescents’ perspectives during boarding hospitalizations to gain insight into helpful practices and targets for improvement.

METHODS:

Using convenience sampling, we conducted semistructured interviews with 27 adolescents hospitalized for SI or SA while they were awaiting transfer to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the thematic analysis was organized using NVivo 11.

RESULTS:

Eight themes emerged: (1) supportive clinical interactions, (2) information needs, (3) repetitive inquiries, (4) safety, (5) previous hospital experiences, (6) activities and boredom, (7) physical comfort, and (8) emotions. Adolescents expressed appreciation for compassionate clinicians and for receiving information about what to expect, experienced the hospital as a safe environment, emphasized the value of staying occupied and of physical comfort, and were relieved to be receiving help to reduce their suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Reports of embarrassment and discomfort about repeated inquiries from the clinical team, comparisons with previous hospital experiences, and unanswered questions about what would occur during the planned inpatient psychiatric hospitalization were common.

CONCLUSIONS:

The perspectives of adolescents seeking care for SI or SA are an important source of information for health care systems seeking to improve hospital care. Clinicians can relieve distress of adolescents awaiting psychiatric hospitalization by focusing on compassionate connection, minimizing repeated inquiries, and providing complete and concrete information about treatment plans.
Preparing Families of Technology-Dependent Children for Emergencies
Authors: Gillen Jennifer K. , Morris Marilyn C.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To characterize the baseline level of emergency preparedness among families of technology-dependent children admitted to our PICU and to determine if an ICU-based planning intervention can sustainably improve families’ disaster preparedness.

METHODS:

A single-arm, survey-based study used to assess participants’ preparedness to handle a 72-hour home power outage on the basis of a novel 8-point checklist. Parents of patients in the study completed the survey questions when their child was admitted to the PICU, discharged, or transferred from the PICU, after at least 2 weeks at home, and after at least 6 months at home. This study included a cohort of 50 children younger than18 years old who required daily use of at least 1 piece of qualifying electronic medical equipment at home and their custodial parents. The checklist surveyed was designed with the goals of maximizing care capacity at home during a power outage and planning for evacuation. Counseling and other resources were provided on the basis of item completion at admission assessment.

RESULTS:

Patients’ families completed a median of 3 items (range: 0–8; N = 50) at admission, 4 items (range: 1–8; n = 45) at discharge, and 7 items (range: 3–8; n = 37) at the 2-week follow-up and retained 7 items (range: 5–8; n = 29) at the 6-month follow-up. Completion rates were significantly higher at each follow-up time point compared with baseline (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Families of technology-dependent children admitted to our PICU have significant disaster-preparedness needs, which can be addressed with an inpatient intervention.
Multiple Organ Dysfunction During Therapeutic Cooling of Asphyxiated Infants
Authors: Bhagat Indira , Sarkar Subrata
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of therapeutic cooling is neuroprotection of asphyxiated infants with significant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, to improve the overall outcome, it is necessary to properly manage the full range of multiple organ system complications found in asphyxiated infants undergoing therapeutic cooling. Every physiologic process in an asphyxiated infant can potentially be affected by the cooling treatment. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effect of cooling on neonatal physiology in the current recommended cooling range and the management thereof.
A Collaborative Multicenter QI Initiative to Improve Antibiotic Stewardship in Newborns
Authors: Dukhovny Dmitry , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Edwards Erika M. , Ho Timmy , Morrow Kate A. , Srinivasan Arjun , Pollock Daniel A. , Zupancic John A.F. , Pursley DeWayne M. , Goldmann Donald , Puopolo Karen M. , Soll Roger F. , Horbar Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To determine if NICU teams participating in a multicenter quality improvement (QI) collaborative achieve increased compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements for antibiotic stewardship and demonstrate reductions in antibiotic use (AU) among newborns.

METHODS:

From January 2016 to December 2017, multidisciplinary teams from 146 NICUs participated in Choosing Antibiotics Wisely, an Internet-based national QI collaborative conducted by the Vermont Oxford Network consisting of interactive Web sessions, a series of 4 point-prevalence audits, and expert coaching designed to help teams test and implement the CDC core elements of antibiotic stewardship. The audits assessed unit-level adherence to the CDC core elements and collected patient-level data about AU. The AU rate was defined as the percentage of infants in the NICU receiving 1 or more antibiotics on the day of the audit.

RESULTS:

The percentage of NICUs implementing the CDC core elements increased in each of the 7 domains (leadership: 15.4%–68.8%; accountability: 54.5%–95%; drug expertise: 61.5%–85.1%; actions: 21.7%–72.3%; tracking: 14.7%–78%; reporting: 6.3%–17.7%; education: 32.9%–87.2%; P < .005 for all measures). The median AU rate decreased from 16.7% to 12.1% (P for trend < .0013), a 34% relative risk reduction.

CONCLUSIONS:

NICU teams participating in this QI collaborative increased adherence to the CDC core elements of antibiotic stewardship and achieved significant reductions in AU.
Neighborhood Poverty and Pediatric Intensive Care Use
Authors: Andrist Erica , Riley Carley L. , Brokamp Cole , Taylor Stuart , Beck Andrew F.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Disparities in health service use have been described across a range of sociodemographic factors. Patterns of PICU use have not been thoroughly assessed.

METHODS:

This was a population-level, retrospective analysis of admissions to the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center PICU between 2011 and 2016. Residential addresses of patients were geocoded and spatially joined to census tracts. Pediatric patients were eligible for inclusion if they resided within Hamilton County, Ohio. PICU admission and bed-day rates were calculated by using numerators of admissions and bed days, respectively, over a denominator of tract child population. Relationships between tract-level PICU use and child poverty were assessed by using Spearman’s ρ and analysis of variance. Analyses were event based; children admitted multiple times were counted as discrete admissions.

RESULTS:

There were 4071 included admissions involving 3129 unique children contributing a total of 12 297 PICU bed days. Child poverty was positively associated with PICU admission rates (r = 0.59; P < .001) and bed-day rates (r = 0.47; P < .001). When tracts were grouped into quintiles based on child poverty rates, the PICU bed-day rate ranged from 23.4 days per 1000 children in the lowest poverty quintile to 81.9 days in the highest poverty quintile (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The association between poverty and poor health outcomes includes pediatric intensive care use. This association exists for children who grow up in poverty and around poverty. Future efforts should characterize the interplay between patient- and neighborhood-level risk factors and explore neighborhood-level interventions to improve child health.
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION WITH YEAST RECIRCULATION
Authors: Levandovsky L. , Vitriak O. , Demichkovska M.
Published: November 2019

In recent decades, there has been a tendency in the world to increase ethanol production significantly in order to solve energy problems, that is, to use it as a biofuel. The factors determining the production cost of targeted biotechnological products include the output of these products from the raw materials used. One of the modern and effective ways to intensify alcoholic fermentation and reduce the cost of fuel ethanol is yeast recirculation. The research objects were: raw material (sugarbeet molasses), molasses wort, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the strain M-5, fermented wash and its distillates. In the raw materials, intermediate products, and fermented wash, the techno-chemical parameters recommended by the current technology regulations for obtaining spirit from molasses have been determined. Acoholic fermentation was carried out in an industrial environment, in a battery of series-connected fermentors. Recirculation of yeast was carried out by separating it from the final stage of fermentation, concentrating it on the separator, and introducing it into the first fermentor. The experimental data obtained prove that for wort fermentation, it is effective to use yeast that recirculates in the anaerobic stage. It has been established that the alcohol-forming power of recycled yeast increases as the yeast adapts to the environment in which it has been staying for a long time. The yeast becomes more active biochemically, with more efficient metabolism. Its need for continuously cultured biomass is reduced, the share of aerobically assimiliated sugars decreases, and, consequently, the losses during yeast generation are fewer. At the same time, accelerating the initial period of anaerobic fermentation helps inhibit the biosynthesis of glycerol, the formation of which consumes the largest amount of sugar among all the secondary products. The parameters of molasses wort fermentation, with yeast biomass recirculating, have been determined in an industrial environment. It has been established that the alcohol output from the raw materials increases as the synthesis of secondary metabolic products weakens. The advantages of this fermentation method will be used in further studies, namely when fermenting molasses wort, with an increased concentration of dry matter, in order to reduce the specific heat energy consumption in production and to make it cheaper. The developed biotechnology of alcohol can be usefully employed to produce fuel ethanol, and increasing its production will contribute to Ukraine’s energy self-sufficience.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES DEVELOPING IN THE MASS OF COMPONENTS DURING DOUGH MIXING
Authors: Bayramov Е. , Nabiev A.
Published: November 2019

Physicochemical processes developing in the mass of components when making dough play a big part in the formation of its homogeneous structure. Moreover, the homogeneity of the dough structure, the degree of its orderliness and, consequently, the quality of the dough and finished products depend on how the working element of the dough mixer acts on the dough during its mixing and structure formation. During the formation of the dough structure, physicochemical processes of a very diverse nature develop. These processes, under the influence of the kneading element, clearly manifest themselves both when the dough structure is destroyed and when it is restored. The degree of destruction and restoration of the dough structure, its orderliness also depend on the properties of the components of the dough. During dough-mixing, in the conditions of mechanical action of the working element, flour and water play a specific role. Besides, important components are salt, yeast, sugar, and fats, if the latter two are provided for by the recipe. It should be noted that the optimum course of physicochemical processes in dough during its mixing, and, further on, of bread production processes depends on the ratio of flour and water. The scientific literature does not adequately describe the essence of the physicochemical processes developing in the mass of components during mixing and dough formation, that is why it is difficult to form theoretical aspects of this issue. In this article, physicochemical processes developing in the mass of components during dough-mixing are examined and detailed. We have shown that these processes include, in particular, swelling, dissolving, passing of flour polymers into a solution, their destruction, heat generation in the dough mass, etc. By regulating these processes, you can get dough with predetermined physical properties and, accordingly, bread of the desired quality. Though the article is but an overview, it is of practical interest. The above explanations expand knowledge about the physicochemical processes developing in the mass of components during mixing dough, allow improving or creating innovative dough-making technologies and design the working elements of dough-mixers.
RECENT ADVANCES IN STUDYING TANNIC ACID AND ITS INTERACTION WITH PROTEINS AND POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Lou W. , Bezusov A , Li B. , Dubova Н.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this review was to gain a deeper understanding of tannic acid (TA) and its properties, which could be important for improving the technology of gluten-free food. TA is widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, and other fields due to its unique physiological functions (anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, antibacterial, anti-viral, etc.). It can closely interact with proteins and polysaccharides, which can significantly influence the structure, function, and nutritional properties of compounds. In this article, TA is chosen as a polyphenol model, and the structure of tannins and the degree of their extraction have been considered systematically. Prospective application of interaction between TA and common biological macromolecules have been presented. In this review, different classes of tannins are summarized. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of extracting tannins have also been described. This review provides detailed information about the mechanisms of interaction of TA with biological macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Maize, buckwheat, rice flour and starch should be introduced as non-traditional raw materials in production of pasta for people ill with coeliac disease. Pasta dough from unconventional raw materials has non-standard rheological characteristics, and it is difficult to impart good plastic properties to it. That is why, studying the properties of tannins is necessary to improve the technology of gluten-free pasta. However, due to the different nature and composition of proteins, gluten-free foods do not have a network structure. So, they can hold neither water nor starch granules, their prepared dough is loose, with low viscosity, and is not easily moulded. That is why, the use of tannin to form a strong structure when developing a gluten-free pasta technology has become the main purpose of the research. Some potential problems of gluten-free dough processing can be solved by using new technical means. In view of this, the authors put forward the idea of using TА to form cross-links and a strong gluten-free dough structure.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF CREAMS MADE FROM WHIPPED CREAM WITH POLYSACCHARIDES AND VARIOUS SPECIES OF SUGARS
Authors: Kambulova Yu. , Zvyagintseva-Semenets Yu. , Kobylinskaya E. , Korzun V. , Sokolovskaya I.
Published: November 2019

In 2013, WHO adopted the “Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013‒2020” that set strategic goals for food manufacturers. The goals included lower fat content, complete elimination of trans fats, lowering the energy value of products. Tortes and cakes are high-calorie confectionery products as a lot of buttercream is used to decorate them. Particular attention is paid to buttercreams made from whipped cream. Its complex emulsion-foamy structure is formed by whipping cream from dairy cows, its fat content being not less than 33%. In order to create healthy products, reduce the energy value of buttercreams, lower their cost, it is practical to use cream from dairy cows with a lower fat content of 20%. The emulsion-foamy system of whipped cream can be stabilized by introducing hydrocolloids (sodium alginate, j-carrageenan) that have thickening, surfactant properties. To expand the range of buttercreams of mass consumption, in particular products for children, for functional nutrition, it is practical to apply not only sucrose, but glucose, fructose, and lactulose as well. The paper presents the results of studying the microstructure of buttercreams made from low fat whipped cream with different sugars. It is shown that the presence of sodium alginate and j-carrageenan introduced into the formulation substantially changes the pattern of the froth compared to the classic buttercream made from cream with 33% of fat. The samples with polysaccharides have clearly shaped pores homogeneous by size. The amount of air in such creams is smaller compared to traditional semi-processed products. When adding glucose, in the total mass of the sample, small pores prevail due to low solubility of sugar at the temperatures of whipping 275‒277 K (2‒4°C). In buttecreams with fructose, the structure is characterized by a significant number of large pores formed due to higher viscosity of the dispersion medium with fructose. It has been determined that during storage, the microstructure rearranges, up to 70 % of air is lost, and the pores of the smallest volumes remain, which is due to the fusion of air bubbles and compression of the gel carcass of polysaccharides. The experimental samples of buttercreams do not lose plasticity, their structure remains stable for five days of storage.
Key words: buttercreams from whipped cream, emulsion-foamy system, microstructure of buttercreams, sodium alginate, j-carrageenan, fructose, glucose.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS OF MAIZE GRAIN STORAGE ON THE CHANGES IN THE QUALITY PARAMETER “FALLING NUMBER”
Authors: Borta A. , Zhelobkova M.
Published: November 2019

In recent decades, at Ukrainian farms and grain-processing enterprises, the technology of storing grain in silo bags has become widespread. In this type of storage, anaerobic conditions are created due to the physiological respiration process, which ensures extended shelf life of freshly harvested grain. This, in turn, allows the use of low-power processing equipment for post-harvest grain processing, which is especially important for wet and moist maize as it requires powerful grain dryers. The article presents the results of a study of the effect that the initial moisture content of maize grain, the temperature and the duration of its storage under anaerobic conditions have on the Falling Number, one of the quality parameters depending on the amylase activity of the grain. The object of the study was grain samples of freshly harvested (in 2017) dent maize, the hybrid DKC 3705, with the average moisture contents 14%, 21%, and 28%, stored under anaerobic conditions for 3 months at temperatures of +18°C, +11°C, and +4°C. The Falling Number was determined by the standardized Hagberg-Perten method on a ПЧП-7 instrument (“Falling Number Apparatus”). Based on the results obtained, histograms of the kinetics of Falling Number changes have been constructed, the analysis of which made it possible to establish patterns of the changes in the Falling Number depending on the moisture content of the grain and the duration of its storage at different temperatures. It has been shown that in the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content 14%, regardless of the temperature conditions during storage for 3 months, there is a steady tendency to a gradual decrease in the Falling Number. In the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content over 14%, at the beginning of storage, there is a period of an increase in the Falling Number, the intensity of which depends on the initial moisture content of the grain and the temperature conditions of its anaerobic storage. After the completion of post-harvest maturation processes in freshly harvested maize grain, its further storage leads to a decrease in the Falling Number. To summarize the experimental data, a nonlinear empirical equation is suggested to describe the patterns of changes in the Falling Number depending on the factors studied: the moisture content of maize grain, the temperature conditions and duration of storage. Considering that the value of the Falling Number is determined by the activity of the amylase complex of the grain, it can be used as an express method of monitoring the state of grain stored in silo bags.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW ALCOHOL BEVERAGES BASED ON SUGAR SORGHUM
Authors: Karputina M. , Khargeliia D. , Melnik I.
Published: November 2019

The current market of low-alcohol beverages has been evaluated. The production of alcohol-free beverages is characterized by an extremely wide variety of raw materials. It is allowed to use juices, concentrates, infusions, and extracts of vegetable raw materials, flavours, emulsions, aromatic bases, food acids, vitamins, colourants, stabilizers, preservatives, clarifiers, opacifiers, sweeteners, and other raw materials that meet the requirements of regulations in effect and are authorized by the Ministry of Health. It has been established that the use of natural vegetable raw materials, which are a source of biologically active substances, will help increase the demand for these beverages. As such raw material, it has been suggested to use sugar sorghum, which is a promising agricultural crop and is characterized by a rich component composition. It has been suggested to obtain low-alcohol beverages by wort fermentationon on the basis of sugar sorghum juice, with the addition of apple and apple-cherry concentrates. The physicochemical parameters of the wort have been determined, and suggested the modes of its fermentation with dry yeast from the manufacturers Biowin (Brewgo-01) and Fermivin (Gervin GV1), related to brewing and wine yeast races, respectively. The influence of these yeasts on the accumulation of fermentation by-products and on the formation of organoleptic characteristics of beverages has been investigated. It has been found that in the samples studied, most of the fermentation by-products are in quantities close to the perception threshold, and, certainly, they affect the taste and aroma profile of the finished beverages. The profile charts of taste and aroma have been constructed, and the conclusion has been drawn about the prospects of using sugar sorghum juice in the low-alcohol beverages technology based on natural raw materials.
EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE KINETICS OF OXIDATION REACTIONS IN VEGETABLE OILS
Authors: Lashko N. , Chausovsky G. , Derevianko N. , Brazhko O.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the effect the lighting conditions of storage have on the oxidation stability of vegetable oils of various unsaturation degrees and made by different technologies (raw-pressed and unrefined sunflower oil and flaxseed oil) according to the main oxidation parameters: peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), and colour value. It has been experimentally established that in natural lighting, at the end of the shelf life, the PV of flaxseed oil increased most significantly, from 0.55·10-3 to 11.2·10-3 mmolO2/kg (20 times). The PV of sunflower oils varied less: in unrefined oil, it changed from 0.48·10-3 to 4.5·10-3 mmolO2/kg (9 times), in raw-pressed, from 0.3·10-3 to 4.4·10‑3 mmolO2/kg (14.7 times). Under artificial UV radiation, the PV of sunflower oil increased from 0.3 to 0.55 mmol O2/kg after 2 hours of the experiment, and remained practically unchanged. In the case of flaxseed oil, after a slight increase from 0.55 to 0.7 mmol O2/kg, within the same period of time, there was then a decrease in the PV to 0.45 mmol O2/kg, which may indicate a relative instability of hydroperoxides that, due to their degradation, converted into more stable secondary compounds. The analysis of the oil oxidation kinetics by the PV has shown that the average rates of peroxide compounds accumulation in unrefined, raw-pressed, and flaxseed oils was 47·10-4, 48·10-4, 127·10-4 mmol ½О/kg·hour, respectively. At the same time, under natural light, the true rate of change of the AV in the oils studied was uneven over time. At the beginning of the experiment, it increased (especially noticeably in the case of flaxseed oil), at the end of the shelf life (the 5th week), it was slowed down significantly, decreasing to negative values, and in flaxseed oil, it had zero value, which indicates a constant value of AV in the experimental setting.
Sounding the Authentic Self: Artistic Expressions of a Queer Music Therapist
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew
Published: November 2019

This piece is a queer autoethnographic cycle of words, poems, and improvisations that reflect my lived experience as a queer music therapist. The improvisations come from a two-day recording session held at the Maureen Forrester Hall, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada. By expressing my identity as a queer music therapist, I came to understand with greater clarity the therapeutic-creative process that was central to my work with clients. The music offered as part of my contribution to this queering music therapy special issue acknowledges the courage and peace needed to embrace my intersecting identities as a composer–music-therapist and a queer cisgender man.
Effects of Proximal Tubule Shortening on Protein Excretion in a Lowe Syndrome Model
Authors: Gliozzi Megan L. , Espiritu Eugenel B. , Shipman Katherine E. , Rbaibi Youssef , Long Kimberly R. , Roy Nairita , Duncan Andrew W. , Lazzara Matthew J. , Hukriede Neil A. , Baty Catherine J. , Weisz Ora A.
Published: November 2019

Significance Statement

Patients with Lowe syndrome (LS) develop abnormalities in proximal tubule function that cause declining kidney function. Mutations in the OCRL gene encoding cause LS. The enzyme encoded by OCRL hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a lipid that regulates myriad cellular functions. The authors created a knockout model of OCRL in human proximal tubule cells and observed that loss of OCRL impairs cell proliferation and results in the accumulation of multinucleated cells. Lrp2-positive segments of the pronephric kidney were shorter in ocrl mutant and morphant zebrafish. The authors also created a mathematic model that explains how loss of functional OCRL can lead to the kidney manifestations of LS. The authors hypothesize that impaired cell proliferation results in a shorter proximal tubule in patients with LS and that this contributes to proteinuria.

Background

Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in OCRL, which encodes the enzyme OCRL. Symptoms of LS include proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction typically characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, renal tubular acidosis (RTA), aminoaciduria, and hypercalciuria. How mutant OCRL causes these symptoms isn’t clear.

Methods

We examined the effect of deleting OCRL on endocytic traffic and cell division in newly created human PT CRISPR/Cas9 OCRL knockout cells, multiple PT cell lines treated with OCRL-targeting siRNA, and in orcl-mutant zebrafish.

Results

OCRL-depleted human cells proliferated more slowly and about 10% of them were multinucleated compared with fewer than 2% of matched control cells. Heterologous expression of wild-type, but not phosphatase-deficient, OCRL prevented the accumulation of multinucleated cells after acute knockdown of OCRL but could not rescue the phenotype in stably edited knockout cell lines. Mathematic modeling confirmed that reduced PT length can account for the urinary excretion profile in LS. Both ocrl mutant zebrafish and zebrafish injected with ocrl morpholino showed truncated expression of megalin along the pronephric kidney, consistent with a shortened S1 segment.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a unifying model to explain how loss of OCRL results in tubular proteinuria as well as the other commonly observed renal manifestations of LS. We hypothesize that defective cell division during kidney development and/or repair compromises PT length and impairs kidney function in LS patients.
Sahil ve geçit kuşağına uygun tescilli ve yerel nohut çeşitlerinin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yazlık ekim verim performanslarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAYILĞAN Çetin , KOCATÜRK Mehmet
Published: November 2019

Nohut, Batı Akdeniz bölgesinde düşük kaliteli ve
kuraklığa maruz kalan arazilerde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma
Batı Akdeniz’de 18 tescilli ve 3 yerel nohut genotipinin adaptasyonlarını,
verim potansiyelleri ile bazı bitkisel özelliklerini belirlemek için
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeler, Antalya ili Korkuteli-Ulucak ve Aksu’da olmak
üzere iki farklı lokasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarla denemeleri 2017 ve 2018
yetiştirme sezonunda Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre dört tekerrürlü
olarak tesis edilmiştir. Denemede, çıkış gün sayısı, çiçeklenme gün sayısı,
fizyolojik olum gün sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide dal
sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı ve tane
verimi özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Dekara tane verimi bakımından genotip x
çevre etkileşimleri %1 önemlilik seviyesinde farklı bulunmuştur. Çalışmada tane
verimi bakımından Çağatay, Sezenbey ve Çakır çeşitlerinin daha stabil olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Rol Belirsizliğinin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: GÜRSOY Ali , KÖKSAL Kemal , YAPAR Hakan
Published: November 2019

Rol belirsizliğinin, çalışanların stresini artırarak olumsuz iş tutum ve davranışlarına neden olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ulusal ve uluslararası alanda rol belirsizliğinin özellikle iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisine yönelik yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, her zaman olumsuz anlamlı etkinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, rol belirsizliğinin iş tatmini üzerindeki farklı sonuçlarından hareketle, ortak yöntem varyans (OYV) problemi kontrol altına alınarak, rol belirsizliği ile iş tatmini ilişkisinin test edilmesidir. Bu maksatla, değişkenlere ait veriler zamansal bölümleme ve özel kodlama yapılarak, birer haftalık arayla, kamuda çalışan 227 katılımcıdan toplamda üç haftada toplanmıştır. OYV probleminin kontrol edilmesinden sonra korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılarak araştırmanın hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Büyük ölçekli bir kamu kurumunda gerçekleştirilen araştırma sonucunda, rol belirsizliğinin iş tatmini üzerinde anlamlı pozitif etkisi ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde ise anlamlı negatif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının sosyal telafi ve sosyal kaytarma teorileri kapsamında tartışması yapılmıştır.
Protocol for dissection and tissue preparation of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) for morphometric analysis and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy v1
Authors: Avanesyan Alina , K. Maugel [Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure Timothy , O. Lamp [Department of Entomology William
Published: November 2019

In this study, we focused on assessing changes in morphology of (a) the lanternfly mouthparts (stylets and labium), and (b) the lanternfly tarsal tips (arolia and tarsal claws) at each developmental stage
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) and Adjustable Continence Therapy (ProACT) for male stress incontinence v1
Authors: Angulo Javier
Published: November 2019

Background and purpose: Urinary incontinence is one of the most serious complications of prostate cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) compared to Adjustable Continence Therapy (proACT) for male stress urinary incotinence according to literature findings. Material and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis on adjustable devices ATOMS and ProACT is presented. Studies on female or neurogenic incontinence were excluded. Differences between ATOMS and proACT in primary objective: dryness status (no-pad or one safety pad/day) after initial device adjustment, and in secondary objectives: improvement, satisfaction, complications and device durability, were estimated using random-effect model. Statistical heterogeneity among studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed using tau2, Higgins´s I2 statistics and Cochran´s Q test. Results: Combined data of 41 observational studies with 3059 patients showed higher dryness (68 vs. 55%; p=.01) and improvement (91 vs. 80%; p=.007) rate for ATOMS than ProACT. Mean pad-count (-4 vs -2.5 pads/day; p=.005) and pad-test decrease (-425.7 vs. -211.4 cc; p<.0001) were also significantly lower. Satisfaction was higher for ATOMS (87 vs. 56%; p=.002) and explant rate was higher for proACT (5 vs. 24%; p<.0001). Complication rate for ProACT was also higher, but not statistically significant (17 vs. 26%; p=.07). The rate of working devices favoured ATOMS at 1-year (92 vs. 76; p<.0001), 2-years (85 vs. 61%; p=.0008) and 3-years (81 vs. 58%; p=.0001). Significant heterogeneity was evidenced, due to variable incontinence severity baseline, difficulties for a common reporting of complications, different number of adjustments and time of follow-up and absence of randomized studies. Conclusions: Despite the limitations that studies are exclusively descriptive and the follow-up is limited, literatura findings confirms ATOMS is more efficacious, with higher patient satisfaction and better durability than ProACT to treat male stress incontinence.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation induced early silent period and rebound activity re-examined v1
Authors: Gorkem Ozyurt Mustafa , Haavik Heidi , Wiberg Nedergaard Rasmus , Topkara Betilay , Selen Şenocak Beatrice , Berke Göztepe Mehmet , Khan Niazi Imran , Sitki Turker Kemal
Published: November 2019

Despite being widely studied, the underlying mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) induced motor evoked potential (MEP), early cortical silent period (CSP) and rebound activity are not fully understood. Our aim is to better characterize these phenomena by combining various analysis tools on firing motor units. Responses of 29 tibialis anterior (TA) and 8 abductor pollicis brevis (APB) motor units to TMS pulses were studied using discharge rate and probability-based tools to illustrate the profile of the synaptic potentials as they develop on motoneurons in 24 healthy volunteers. According to probability-based methods, TMS pulse produces a short-latency MEP which is immediately followed by CSP that terminates at rebound activity. Discharge rate analysis, however, revealed not three, but just two events with distinct time courses; a long-lasting excitatory period (71.2 ± 9.0 ms for TA and 42.1 ± 11.2 ms for APB)and a long-latency inhibitory period with duration of 57.9 ± 9.5 ms for TA and 67.3 ± 13.8 ms for APB.We propose that part of the CSP may relate to the falling phase of net excitatory postsynaptic potential induced by TMS. Rebound activity, on the other hand, may represent tendon organ inhibition induced by MEP activated soleus contraction and/or long-latency intracortical inhibition. Due to generation of field potentials when high intensity TMS is used, this study is limited to investigate the events evoked by low intensity TMS only and does not provide information about later parts of much longer CSPs induced by high intensity TMS. Adding discharge rate analysis contributes to obtain a more accurate picture about the characteristics of TMS-induced events. These results have implications for interpreting motor responses following TMS for diagnosis and overseeing recovery from various neurological conditions.