bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Information Processing and Computations of Two-Input Synapses
Authors: Kim Soon Ho , Woo Junhyuk , Choi Kiri , Choi MooYoung , Han Kyungreem
Published: August 2022

Information processing in artificial neural networks is largely dependent on the nature of neuron models. While commonly used models are designed for linear integration of synaptic inputs, accumulating experimental evidence suggests that biological neurons are capable of nonlinear computations for many converging synaptic inputs via homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms. This nonlinear neuronal computation may play an important role in complex information processing at the neural circuit level. Here we characterize the dynamics and coding properties of neuron models on synaptic transmissions delivered from two hidden states. The neuronal information processing is influenced by the cooperative and competitive interactions among synapses and the coherence of the hidden states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that neuronal information processing under two-input synaptic transmission can be mapped to linearly nonseparable XOR as well as basic AND/OR operations. In particular, the mixtures of linear and nonlinear neuron models outperform the fashion-MNIST test compared to the neural networks consisting of only one type. This study provides a computational framework for assessing information processing of neuron and synapse models that may be beneficial for the design of brain-inspired artificial intelligence algorithms and neuromorphic systems.
A Survey of Text Games for Reinforcement Learning Informed by Natural Language
Authors: Osborne Philip , Nõmm Heido , Freitas André
Published: August 2022

Reinforcement Learning has shown success in a number of complex virtual environments. However, many challenges still exist towards solving problems with natural language as a core component. Interactive Fiction Games (or Text Games) are one such problem type that offer a set of safe, partially observable environments where natural language is required as part of the Reinforcement Learning solution. Therefore, this survey’s aim is to assist in the development of new Text Game problem settings and solutions for Reinforcement Learning informed by natural language. Specifically, this survey: 1) introduces the challenges in Text Game Reinforcement Learning problems, 2) outlines the generation tools for rendering Text Games and the subsequent environments generated, and 3) compares the agent architectures currently applied to provide a systematic review of benchmark methodologies and opportunities for future researchers.
Les langages artistiques dans le second théâtre beckettien
Authors: Richard Charlotte
Published: August 2022

L’écriture pour la radio, le cinéma ou bien encore la télévision permet à Beckett d’éprouver les différents langages artistiques, en isolant la voix, le corps, en dissociant les perceptions visuelles et auditives, en travaillant l’acoustique, le rythme, la lumière ou bien encore le cadrage. Ces expérimentations influencent l’écriture pour la scène et participent d’une reconfiguration de la matière dramatique sur plusieurs niveaux de représentation. Exténuant de la sorte les potentialités de chaque art, le second théâtre beckettien cherche à défier les lois de la représentation – lois physiques aussi bien qu’artistiques – pour atteindre une certaine forme d’« aperception » théâtrale.
Projet danse à la rencontre de Beckett
Authors: Soudy-Quazuguel Laura
Published: August 2022

L’article est le témoignage d’un projet danse, réalisé avec une classe de 3ème, autour de Samuel Beckett et de la pièce Acte sans paroles I créée par le chorégraphe Dominique Dupuy en 2013. L’enjeu principal est de montrer combien la danse est une entrée pertinente pour aborder Beckett : non seulement, elle fait sens au regard de l’œuvre de l’écrivain, mais elle en permet aussi une découverte sensible, par le corps. En outre, il s’agit d’observer les bienfaits de tels projets interdisciplinaires pour l’ensemble de ses acteurs. Afin d’illustrer notre propos, nous nous appuyons sur le film documentaire On n’en finit jamais avec Beckett qui retrace un temps du projet au Centre National de la Danse.
The Real-Time Social and Academic Adaptations of First-Generation College Students During the Global Pandemic
Authors: Grim Jeffrey K. , Bausch Emma , Lonn Steven
Published: August 2022

In March 2020, during the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic in the US, institutions of higher education abruptly pivoted to a completely online experience that resulted in massive changes in experiences for faculty, staff, and students. As with other facets of society, the global pandemic has disproportionately impacted those who are already underserved including first-generation college students (FGCS). While we now have more understanding about some outcomes of FGCS from the pandemic, less is known about how FGCS navigated the first weeks of the abrupt transition. This study captures in real time how 54 FGCS from one institution navigated the evolving pandemic and university experience. Themes revealed how students managed an evolving information deluge, cared for their peers, managed online coursework, and dealt with increased financial and familial pressures. Our study concludes with implications for preparing for future abrupt disruptions to higher education.
Implications of Overwhelmed Leadership: How Executive Job Demands Hinder Corporate Sustainability Performance
Authors: Popli Manish , Raithatha Mehul
Published: August 2022

As implied by executive job demands theory, intensified job demands of a firm’s top executives limit their cognitive capacity and centralize the locus of decision-making, which may undermine corporate sustainability performance. The current study tests this effect, along with the impact of two contextual factors, to reveal that the negative influence of executive job demands is weaker if firms feature greater functional diversity and average tenure in their top management teams. In an extension of upper echelon theory, this study also outlines the influence of task challenges that confront strategic leaders on corporate sustainability performance.
Food Markets and Diets in the Democratic Republic of the Congo—A Geographical Overview (2004–2005)
Authors: Marivoet Wim
Published: August 2022

To inform policy makers concerned with food security, this paper relies on the 1–2–3 household survey (2004–2005) to provide a geographical overview of Congo’s food markets and dietary status. The results of this descriptive study point to inefficient domestic food markets, with Kinshasa being a case in point: it is deficient, poorly connected to its hinterland and highly dependent on imports. Food markets in the Kasaï provinces and the northeastern region are two minor exceptions, while the most competitive food producers are found in Équateur and North Kivu. Despite differential access, five diet types can be identified, with the most energy rich (cassava/palm oil) being consumed in Maniema, Orientale, Équateur, and rural Bas-Congo. In contrast, households in South Kivu and Kinshasa suffer from large calorie deficiencies, which is due to low purchasing power for the former and relatively higher food prices and more demanding social norms for the latter.
The Political Economy of Zimbabwe’s Food Crisis, 2019–2020
Authors: Moyo Philani
Published: August 2022

From 2019 to 2020, Zimbabwe experienced severe food insecurity. This paper explores the causes and drivers of the food crisis, policy, and programming response failures. Informed by primary data gathered through observations and secondary data, it argues that the food insecurity cannot be ascribed to the current agrarian structure alone. Instead, climate shocks, misgovernance of social security, politicization of food assistance, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacts and economic implosion deepened food insecurity. To prevent its recurrence, government must reconsider the land tenure system to promote productivity, support climate resilient agriculture, curb economic implosion, depoliticize social security system, and food transfer programmes.
Decolonizing the Curriculum: Who Were the Ancient Europeans?
Authors: Charles Marie , Boyle Bill
Published: August 2022

The current international decolonizing debate is floundering. Despite well intentioned optimism that the debate would lead to an interrogation of the current schooling system and deepen the taught curriculum beyond “Black history month” and the slave trade, this is not happening. “They (power structure/policy makers) don’t want you to study ancient history because they want you to study slavery and colonialism to lock down your first frequency. The deeper they dig the blacker the planet.”. The two focal points of this paper to address this theme are inter-related and analyze interpretations of the phrase “decolonizing the curriculum.” They are, firstly, the European (white1) socially engineered paradigm which still dominates global education conceptualization, curriculum content, and teaching and learning models, and secondly, evidence of the natural migrations of Melanated populations out of Africa into Europe, including the United Kingdom. The paper draws upon the author’s research of ancient material culture to provide the primordial evidence of advanced geometry in the British Isles, supported by Mazama’s concept of a paradigm, its function, and change in worldview.
Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in a Highly Affected American Indian Community, San Carlos Apache Tribe, December 2020–February 2021
Authors: Le-Morawa Nam , Kunkel Amber , Darragh James , Reede David , Chidavaenzi Natsai Zhou , Lees Yvonne , Hoffman Dillene , Dia Lapriel , Kitcheyan Tara , White Melinda , Belknap Isaiah , Agathis Nickolas , Began Victoria , Balajee S. Arunmozhi
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected American Indian Tribes, including the San Carlos Apache Tribe, which resides on 1.8 million acres in Arizona and has 16 788 official members. High vaccination rates among American Indian/Alaska Native people in the United States have been reported, but information on how individual Tribes achieved these high rates is scarce. We describe the COVID-19 epidemiology and vaccine rollout in the San Carlos Apache Tribe using data extracted from electronic health records from the San Carlos Apache Healthcare Corporation (SCAHC). By mid-December 2020, 19% of the San Carlos Apache population had received a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The Tribe prioritized for vaccination population groups with the highest risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes (eg, those aged ≥65 years, who had a 46% risk of hospitalization if infected vs 13% overall). SCAHC achieved high early COVID-19 vaccination rates in the San Carlos community relative to the state of Arizona (47.6 vs 25.2 doses per 100 population by February 27, 2021). These vaccination rates reflected several strategies that were implemented to achieve high COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake, including advance planning, departmental vaccine education sessions within SCAHC, radio and Facebook postings featuring Tribal leaders in the Apache language, and pop-up community vaccine clinics. The San Carlos Apache Tribe’s vaccine rollout strategy was an early success story and may provide a model for future vaccination campaigns in other Tribal nations and rural communities in the United States.
The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation: The Case for Reform
Authors: Badger Doug
Published: August 2022

Congress created the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation and vested it with extraordinary authority. CMMI tests the hypothesis that policy experts and civil servants, insulated from the vicissitudes of the political process and accorded quasi-legislative authority, could conceive and implement transformative health care financing policy innovations that Congress could neither devise nor enact. Twelve years after its founding, CMMI has disappointed these expectations. Only 6 of the more than 50 models it has tested have met de minimis measures of success (no increase in federal spending or diminution of quality). The incremental savings associated with these 6 models have been more than offset by a string of failed concepts. More significantly, none of the demonstration projects deemed successful has resulted in scalable reforms that meet statutory criteria of reducing health care spending or enhancing its quality. CMMI has increased federal spending without producing meaningful reforms of federal health care entitlement programs. This paper will review CMMI’s statutory authorities and track record and show how faulty fiscal assumptions made by the Congressional Budget Office can impede congressional efforts to reform CMMI. It will also discuss how the law has inverted the relationship between the legislative and executive branches, requiring an Act of Congress to prevent CMMI from effectively amending federal statutes. It recommends that CBO modify its assumptions to reflect that CMMI has not produced federal savings. It also recommends that Congress curtail CMMI’s powers and shoulder the obligation of reforming federal entitlement programs.
Tracheal Rupture After Tracheostomy Tube Exchange in a Patient With Recurrent Oral Cavity Spindle Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Raskin Jonathan , Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Heaton Chase
Published: August 2022

Oral Cavity Spindle Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma involving the nasopharynx and oral mucosa. This tumor has a high propensity to invade local structures of the head and neck region, making surgical removal challenging and potentially morbid for the patient. Here, we report a case of OCSCC and the complications that were confronted during its surgical resection. Additionally, a review of the literature regarding OCSCC complications and their treatments was performed.
Relational work strategies in conflict-motivated discourses in The Passion of Christ
Authors: Ononye Chuka F. , Ezugwu Chizoba H.
Published: August 2022

Communication between the Bible characters has recently gained ground in recent linguistic scholarship. Hence, linguistic studies on biblical texts have utilised semantic and stylistic tools in exploring the literariness of biblical texts, but the relational features of communication among biblical characters have not been accommodated enough. Therefore, the paper examines the relational work strategies and linguistic forms deployed in conflict-motivated discourses in the Passion of Christ (POC). The data comprises interactions extracted from St. John’s Gospel and subjected to descriptive pragmatic analysis. The findings reveal two major relational strategies: polite and politic/appropriate strategies and non-politic/inappropriate, over-polite and impolite strategies. The polite and politic strategies are exclusively associated with Christ while responding to prompts; non-politic is largely used by the crowd in its insistence to kill Christ; impolite by the Chief Priests in their interrogations, and over-polite by the soldiers while mocking Christ.
Liver Fibrosis Assessment Using Radiomics of Ultrasound Homodyned-K imaging Based on the Artificial Neural Network Estimator
Authors: Zhou Zhuhuang , Zhang Zijing , Gao Anna , Tai Dar-In , Wu Shuicai , Tsui Po-Hsiang
Published: August 2022

The homodyned-K distribution is an important ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics model of physical meaning, and the parametric imaging of the model parameters has been explored for quantitative ultrasound tissue characterization. In this paper, we proposed a new method for liver fibrosis characterization by using radiomics of ultrasound backscatter homodyned-K imaging based on an improved artificial neural network (iANN) estimator. The iANN estimator was used to estimate the ultrasound homodyned-K distribution parameters k and α from the backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals of clinical liver fibrosis ( n = 237), collected with a 3-MHz convex array transducer. The RF data were divided into two groups: Group I corresponded to liver fibrosis with no hepatic steatosis ( n = 94), and Group II corresponded to liver fibrosis with mild to severe hepatic steatosis ( n = 143). The estimated homodyned-K parameter values were then used to construct k and α parametric images using the sliding window technique. Radiomics features of k and α parametric images were extracted, and feature selection was conducted. Logistic regression classification models based on the selected radiomics features were built for staging liver fibrosis. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is overall superior to the radiomics method of uncompressed envelope images when assessing liver fibrosis. Regardless of hepatic steatosis, the proposed method achieved the best performance in staging liver fibrosis ≥ F1, ≥ F4, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88, 0.85 (Group I), and 0.85, 0.86 (Group II), respectively. Radiomics has improved the ability of ultrasound backscatter statistical parametric imaging to assess liver fibrosis, and is expected to become a new quantitative ultrasound method for liver fibrosis characterization.
Provider Characteristics That Hinder Relationships with Black Women in the Perinatal Period
Authors: Renbarger Kalyn M. , Phelps Barbara , Broadstreet Allyson
Published: August 2022

Black women have often reported challenges in their relationships with health care providers during the perinatal period. This study synthesized the findings of qualitative studies to describe health care providers’ characteristics that hinder therapeutic relationships with Black women in the perinatal period. A systematic search was conducted and findings from 12 qualitative studies were synthesized using a thematic synthesis approach. Two overarching themes that included seven descriptive themes were discovered. The seven descriptive themes include the following: (1) provides differential treatment; (2) expresses biased attitudes; (3) lacks empathy; (4) limits choices; (5) communicates inadequate health information; (6) provides deficient care; and (7) dismisses concerns. Participants experienced challenged relationships with health care providers who held implicit biases and discouraged them from participating in their care. The findings suggest the importance of confronting implicit biases, promoting a bias-free health care system, and providing quality care that is respectful to Black women in the perinatal period.
Diagnostic and prognostic performance of Mxa and transfer function analysis-based dynamic cerebral autoregulation metrics
Authors: Olsen Markus Harboe , Riberholt Christian , Plovsing Ronni R , Berg Ronan MG , Møller Kirsten
Published: August 2022

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is often assessed by continuously recorded arterial blood pressure (ABP) and transcranial Doppler-derived mean cerebral blood flow velocity followed by analysis in the time and frequency domain, respectively. Sequential correlation (in the time domain, yielding e.g., the measure mean flow index, Mxa) and transfer function analysis (TFA) (in the frequency domain, yielding, e.g., normalised and non-normalised gain as well as phase in the low frequency domain) are commonly used approaches. This study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic performance of these metrics. We included recordings from 48 healthy volunteers, 19 patients with sepsis, 36 with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 14 patients admitted to a neurorehabilitation unit. The diagnostic (between healthy volunteers and patients) and prognostic performance (to predict death or poor functional outcome) of Mxa and the TFA measures were assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. AUROC curves generally indicated that the measures were ‘no better than chance’ (AUROC ∼0.5) both for distinguishing between healthy volunteers and patient groups, and for predicting outcomes in our cohort. No metric emerged as superior for distinguishing between healthy volunteers and different patient groups, for assessing the effect of interventions, or for predicting mortality or functional outcome.
Abnormal cerebral microvascular perfusion and reactivity in female offspring of reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) mice model
Authors: Lara Evelyn , Rivera Nathaly , González-Bernal Alejandro , Rojas Daniela , López-Espíndola Daniela , Rodríguez Andrés , Escudero Carlos
Published: August 2022

Children born from women with preeclampsia have alterations in cerebral neurovascular development and a high risk for developing cognitive alterations. Because cerebral blood vessels are critical components in cerebrovascular development, we evaluated the brain microvascular perfusion and microvascular reactivity (exposed to external stimuli of warm and cold) in pups born to preeclampsia-like syndrome based on the reduction of uterine perfusion (RUPP). Also, we evaluate the angiogenic proteomic profile in those brains. Pregnant mice showed a reduction in uterine flow after RUPP surgery (−40 to 50%) associated with unfavorable perinatal results compared to sham mice. Furthermore, offspring of the RUPP mice exhibited reduced brain microvascular perfusion at postnatal day 5 (P5) compared with offspring from sham mice. This reduction was preferentially observed in females. Also, brain microvascular reactivity to external stimuli (warm and cold) was reduced in pups of RUPP mice. Furthermore, a differential expression of the angiogenic profile associated with inflammation, extrinsic apoptotic, cancer, and cellular senescence processes as the primary signaling impaired process was found in the brains of RUPP-offspring. Then, offspring (P5) from preeclampsia-like syndrome exhibit impaired brain perfusion and microvascular reactivity, particularly in female mice, associated with differential expression of angiogenic proteins in the brain tissue.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Monitoring Airport Asset Surfaces
Authors: Congress Surya Sarat Chandra , Puppala Anand J. , Treybig Clayton , Gurganus Charles , Halley Jim
Published: August 2022

Airports facilitate the fastest mode of transportation and connect local communities and businesses with national and international destinations. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2021 infrastructure report card rated the aviation infrastructure category with a D+. This highlights the need for frequent monitoring and performing timely preservation techniques to ensure the optimal performance of the asset. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) periodically inspects the regional airports in Texas through visual surveys and estimates the pavement condition index (PCI) for each airport on a network scale. These ratings are used to assess the need for rehabilitation in a timely manner. In this study, an attempt was made to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted with an optical camera to inspect and evaluate the condition of various airport assets. Several observations were outlined to conduct a safe inspection of airport assets using UAVs. A comparison of PCI values, grouped into three categories, obtained from traditional and aerial inspections was made to understand the feasibility of using this new technology for airport asset management. It was observed that both inspections classified most of the airport assets similarly. The traditional inspection was observed to be quicker as it requires inspection of only sampled units, however, UAV data processing takes a relatively long time to offer a comprehensive digital footprint and immersive visualization experience of the whole airport assets. Overall, UAVs are identified to have a great potential as a data collection tool supplementary to the current traditional practices.
Modeling Determinants of Carpooling Intentions in Jordan
Authors: Al-Masaeid Hashem R. , Al Olaimat Ghoroub A.
Published: August 2022

The main objectives of this study are to understand the motivations for and deterrents to the adoption of carpooling, and model people’s intentions to adopt it in Jordan. A cross-sectional survey based on a conceptual framework was designed to answer all the research questions. A total of 630 valid responses were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling techniques. The study found that the main barriers to the adoption of carpooling are factors related to privacy, security, and trust. In addition, there are no incentives offered by companies or any official institution to encourage the adoption of carpooling, and the insurance system disadvantages the driver. An important finding is that providing private parking spaces will encourage more than half of the participants to adopt carpooling. In addition, decisions to adopt carpooling or not were found to be associated with travel time, gender, and income level. Younger people, males, and those with low income levels were more willing to adopt carpooling. Compared with males, it was found that females were less interested in adopting carpooling because they attached more importance to convenience, privacy, and trust. Postgraduate students were found to be less likely to adopt carpooling. Finally, a structural model was developed with a moderate coefficient of determination.
Controlling Defiance: An Examination of School Social Control in California School Districts
Authors: Ramey David Michael , Freelin Brittany N.
Published: August 2022

U.S. schools suspend 2.5 million children each school year. Although states mandate suspensions for serious offenses, most students are suspended for minor transgressions, such as “willful defiance” of authority. Moreover, districts suspend students of color for minor issues at higher rates than White children. In response, California banned suspension for “willful defiance” in elementary schools statewide in 2015 and larger districts eliminated the practice for all grades throughout the 2010s. In this article, we use California Department of Education (CDE) data from 2011 to 2018 to determine: (1) whether banning suspension for willful defiance changes school district suspension rates; (2) whether these bans are associated with changes in special education enrollment; and (3) how these relationships differ by the race/ethnicity of the student.
Situational, Community, and State Policy-Level Factors Associated with Arrest in Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Beeble Marisa L. , Adams Adrienne E. , Lee KyungSook
Published: August 2022

This study explored situational-, community-, and state policy-level factors associated with arrest in incidents involving violence among heterosexual couples. We employed 3-level regression models with Bayesian estimation to determine factors that influence female-only arrest, male-only arrest, and dual arrest, compared to incidents resulting in no arrest. At the situational level, differences by offense type were seen. The odds of a male’s arrest were significantly higher across all offense types, except for sexual assault, larceny, and fraud. The odds of a female partner's arrest were significantly higher across all offenses except larceny, robbery, and fraud. The odds of dual arrest were significantly higher in incidents involving simple assault, aggravated assault, intimidation, but not sexual assault, kidnapping, property crime, larceny, and robbery. The odds of arrest were higher across the board among incidents involving a victim injury, a weapon, mutual violence, and perpetrator substance use. At the community level, few factors were related to arrest. At the state policy level, mandatory arrest statutes increased the odds of a single arrest in comparison to jurisdictions with officer discretion, regardless of perpetrator sex, but had no impact on dual arrest. Primary aggressor policies were unrelated to arrest outcomes. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Effect of different forms on geogrid tensile properties based on 3D printing technology
Authors: Gao Junli , Yang Yan , Zhang Haibing , Xie Zhongfa
Published: August 2022

Plastic materials are widely used as geosynthetics. The use of plastic products poses a serious environmental risk due to their degradation. Aiming at the environmental problems caused by the difficulty of direct degradation of traditional plastic geogrid and the effects of material filling ratios, material filling forms, mesh shapes and tensile rates on the mechanical properties of geogrids. Based on 3D printing technology, polylactic acid (PLA) geogrid was prepared, and indoor tensile tests of polylactic acid geogrid were carried out. The effects of material filling ratios, material filling forms, geogrid geometries and tensile rates on the mechanical properties of geogrid are analyzed. The test results showed that PLA can be used as an environmentally friendly material for making geogrids and can reflect the mechanical properties of different geogrids. The triaxial geogrid had the greatest tensile strength, while the uniaxial one had the least. The tensile strength of triaxial and biaxial geogrids increased with the increase of tensile rates, while uniaxial decreased and then increased. The elongation at break of uniaxial and triaxial geogrids increased with increasing tensile rates, while biaxial increased and then decreased. With the increase of filling ratios, the tensile strength of geogrid increased and then decreased. For the line 45 angle printed geogrid, the elongation at break increased first and then decreased and finally increased.
Highly efficient ionic‐liquid based solid polymer electrolyte for energy device (RAFM 2022)
Authors: Sharma Harshit , Tomar Richa , Konwar Subhrajit , Singh Pramod K , Chandra Singh Ram , Kumar Sushant , Singh Abhimanyu , Agarwal Daksh , Yahya MZA
Published: August 2022

We have successfully synthesized highly conducting polymer electrolyte incorporated ionic liquid films. There was a rise in conductivity by ionic liquid doping which is clarified by impedance spectroscopy. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy confirms complexation as well as composite nature. Polarized optical microscopy shows decrease in crysatllinity (more amorphous) by ionic liquid doping. Maximum conducting ionic liquid incorporated polymer electrolyte sandwitched between electrodes, used for fabricating electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) and dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) further affirm that these ionic liquid doped polymer electrolyte could be a novel alternative in electrochemical devices.
Korean LupusPRO: Cross-Cultural validation study for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Han Jung-Yong , Cho Soo-Kyung , Nam Eunwoo , Kim Hyoungyoung , Lee Shin-Seok , Jolly Meenakshi , Sung Yoon-Kyoung
Published: August 2022

Objective

To establish the reliability and validity of the Korean version of LupusPRO version 1.7 (v1.7) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

LupusPRO v1.7 was translated into Korean, followed by pretesting among five native Korean speakers. We administered the LupusPRO v1.7 survey to five SLE patients and made minor changes to clarify the language. Then, 133 SLE patients participated in the validation procedure. In each domain, the internal consistency reliability (ICR) and test-retest reliability (TRR) were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Criterion validity was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient with the other measures such as SF-36, EQ-5D VAS, and SELENA-SLEDAI PGA. Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the unweighted least square estimation method.

Results

The mean age of the 133 patients was 36.14 years, and 97% of them were women. Analysis of 130 returned questionnaires revealed that most ICRs of the Korean LupusPRO v1.7 domains were acceptable, with Cronbach’s alphas in the range of 0.579–0.949, and most TRRs were good with ICCs from 0.582 to 0.851. Criterion validities presented significant correlations between the LupusPRO v1.7 and other measures validated. In the analysis of the CFA model, the goodness of fit indices demonstrated an acceptable fit. Factor loadings for most individual items were between 0.548 and 0.985. The average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) of most domains were greater than 0.5 and 0.7, respectively, demonstrating acceptable convergent and discriminant validities.

Conclusions

The Korean version of LupusPRO v.17 had acceptable reliability and validity.
Agents, structures, and the moral basis of deportability
Authors: Rosenberg Andrew S
Published: August 2022

Deportability is the omnipresent possibility of deportation, which gives rise to constant fear among migrants. In this article, I argue that a focus on deportability’s structural causes – such as global capitalism – obscures how the agency of state leaders and citizens produces policies that entrench this vulnerability and fear. Many in the West believe that the precarity of deportability is what migrants deserve because they are unsuitable for membership in the political community. These people are not scared of migrants. They just believe that the latter do not deserve to reap the benefits of living in their state, even if they contribute their fair share. Therefore, leaders will constantly have an incentive to securitize migrants and enact deportability-enhancing policies because the public will acquiesce. To mitigate deportability, states must cultivate a broader sense of cosmopolitan empathy about those from outside the political community. For if citizens cannot see migrants as worthy of aid or participation in their political community, they will remain susceptible to policies that reinforce deportability.
Performative nationalism in Polish football stadiums and fans’ views and attitudes: Evidence from quantitative research
Authors: Grodecki Mateusz
Published: August 2022

Football stadiums are one of the places where nationalistic views are presented. This is done by means of displays held by organised supporters – ultras. This study aims to examine (1) to what extent the postulates of performative national ideology presented by ultras in Polish stadiums are shared by fans of Polish football clubs; and (2) whether they translate into corresponding attitudes at the individual level. The study is based on a survey conducted on a sample representative for Polish citizens (N = 4030) from which football fans were extracted (N = 643). The results show that being a fan of a Polish football club accounts for significantly higher scores on postulates referring to ethnic and racial criteria of national identity, belief in permanent struggle of nations, small nation type of collective memory and glorification of past war heroes. They also indicate that a higher level of acceptance of these postulates by fans predicts higher levels of prejudice against minorities and other nations, and higher levels of national pride.
Change Happens Through People: Evidencing the Value of Professional Development for Educators Involved in Internationalised Programmes
Authors: Lauridsen Karen M. , Gregersen-Hermans Jeanine
Published: August 2022

Providing targeted professional competence development for educators involved in planning, managing, and teaching internationalized higher education programmes is still a relatively rare phenomenon. This article provides an example of such a continuing professional development (CPD) programme and of how the effect and value of it may be evidenced. It is demonstrated how key academic staff were able to develop their knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and how some of them were able to set in motion and support change processes in their own higher education institutions (HEIs). The aim of the paper is therefore to show that, with a well-described CPD programme that has clearly defined, measurable, and achievable learning goals, and with a mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative data sets, it is possible to evidence the value of the programme not only for the participants, but also for their institutions.
Occurrence of Advance Care Planning and Hospital Course in Patients Admitted for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During the Pandemic
Authors: Statler Tiffany M. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Silla Laura , Sheehan Kristin N. , Cowles Amy , Brooten Justin K. , Omlor Rebecca L. , Gabbard Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of understanding patients’ goals, values, and medical care preferences given the high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine rates of advance care planning (ACP) documentation along with hospital course differences in the absence or presence of ACP among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was performed at a single tertiary academic medical center. All adults admitted between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020, for COVID-19 were included. Demographics, ACP documentation rates, presence of ACP forms, palliative care consultation (PCC) rates, code status, and hospital outcome data were collected. Data were analyzed with multivariable analysis to identify predictors of ACP documentation.

Results

Among 356 patients (mean age 60.0, 153 (43%) female), 97 (27.2%) had documented ACP and 20 (5.6%) had completed ACP forms. In patients with documented ACP, 52.4% (n = 55) de-escalated care to do-not-resuscitate (DNR)-limited or comfort measures. PCC occurred rarely (<8%), but 78% (n = 21) of those consulted de-escalated care. Being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (OR = 11.1, 95% CI = 5.9-21.1), mechanical intubation (OR = 15.8, 95% CI = 7.4-32.1), and discharge location other than home (OR = 11.3, 95% CI = 5.7-22.7) were associated with ACP documentation.

Conclusions

This study found low ACP documentation and PCC rates in patients admitted for COVID-19. PCC and completion of ACP were associated with higher rates of care de-escalation. These results support the need for pro-active ACP and PCC for patients admitted for serious illnesses, like COVID-19, to improve goal-informed care.
Management of Total Frontal Bone Loss After Surgery for Craniosynostosis: The Modified Visor Bone Flap With Brain Cage
Authors: Valenti Alyssa B. , Asadourian Paul , Guadix Sergio , Truong Albert Y. , Buontempo Michelle , Hoffman Caitlin E. , Souweidane Mark , Imahiyerobo Thomas A.
Published: August 2022

Complications after craniosynostosis surgery occur in 11% to 36% of cases and may be precipitated by poor soft tissue coverage and concomitant exposure of non-sterile regions; sequelae may result in infection, osteomyelitis, and bone loss requiring complex reconstruction. In the pediatric population, autologous cranioplasty remains the gold standard due to growth potential and a more favorable complication profile than synthetic cranioplasty. Virtual surgery planning (VSP) and computer-assisted design (CAD)/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) technology can be utilized to create innovative, patient-specific autologous solutions, similar to the approach with synthetic cranioplasty. A novel surgical approach using VSP was used for an 18-month-old female with near total bifrontal bone loss. Surface area measurements were used to determine the amount of bone available to replace the infected frontal bone. VSP was utilized to determine the most efficient construct configuration possible to achieve maximal coverage via calculation of cranial bone surface area measurements. Surgical reconstruction of the defect was planned as a Modified Visor Bone Flap with Posterior Brain Cage. A construct was fashioned from available cranial bone struts to obtain widespread coverage. 3D Recon images from before and after surgery demonstrate almost complete re-ossification of the cranial vault with significant resulting clinical improvement. Reconstruction of total frontal bone loss is possible by utilizing this technique. VSP can improve the safety and efficiency of complex autologous cranial bone reconstructions. We propose a treatment algorithm to address the problem of near total frontal bone loss in young children for whom alloplastic implants are not suitable.
Authoritarianism, Populism, and the Global Retreat of Democracy: A Curated Discussion
Authors: Adler Paul S. , Adly Amr , Armanios Daniel Erian , Battilana Julie , Bodrožić Zlatko , Clegg Stewart , Davis Gerald F. , Gartenberg Claudine , Glynn Mary Ann , Aslan Gümüsay Ali , Haveman Heather A. , Leonardi Paul , Lounsbury Michael , McGahan Anita M. , Meyer Renate , Phillips Nelson , Sheppard-Jones Kara
Published: August 2022

To the surprise of many in the West, the fall of the USSR in 1991 did not lead to the adoption of liberal democratic government around the world and the much anticipated “end of history.” In fact, authoritarianism has made a comeback, and liberal democracy has been on the retreat for at least the last 15 years culminating in the unthinkable: the invasion of a democratic European country by an authoritarian regime. But why does authoritarianism continue to spread, not only as an alternative to liberal democracy, but also within many liberal democracies where authoritarian leaders continue to gain strength and popularity? In this curated piece, contributors discuss some of the potential contributions of management scholarship to understanding authoritarianism, as well as highlight a number of directions for management research in this area.
Leader Intuition: Good or Bad for Multiteam System Performance? The Roles of Information Load and Introversion
Authors: Sleesman Dustin J. , Hollenbeck John R. , Davison Robert B. , Scott Brent A.
Published: August 2022

Some leaders tend to use their intuition to think and make decisions more than others do. This individual difference (i.e., an intuitive cognitive style) may have important implications for the collectives of people they lead. Unfortunately, scholars lack a clear understanding of the conditions under which intuition is effective, especially in the context of large and complex organizational structures such as multiteam systems (MTSs). We argue that the effects of leaders’ intuitive cognitive style on MTS performance depends on the amount of information load they face in their roles, as well as their level of introversion: a personality characteristic that is associated with an inward and reflective focus. Using a sample of 222 MTSs comprised of Captains in the United States Air Force, our study demonstrated that the intuitive cognitive style of leaders in high information load roles positively affected MTS performance, especially if they were high in introversion. In low information load roles, however, an intuitive cognitive style had a negative effect on MTS performance, especially for leaders low in introversion. We also argued and found that MTS coordination effectiveness played a key mediating role. Our study advances research in multiple areas of work, including intuition, MTSs, and leadership.
Who Can You Trust? The Impact of Procedural Justice, Trust, and Police Officer Sex on Women's Sexual Assault Victimization Reporting Likelihood
Authors: Stanek Kayleigh A. , Fox Kathleen A. , Telep Cody W. , Trinkner Rick
Published: August 2022

Sexual assaults are underreported to the police, even though this crime affects one in four college women. Using a vignette design, this study fills a gap in the literature by examining the influence of prior police perceptions, procedurally unjust treatment, and the sex of the responding officer on college women's likelihood to report sexual assault. Results indicate positive prior police perceptions significantly increase students’ perceived likelihood to report sexual victimization. Even when controlling for prior perceptions, procedurally unfair treatment significantly decreases the likelihood of future victimization reporting. Responding officer sex does not affect students’ decision to report.
Income Inequality and Pregnancy-Associated Homicide in the US: A Longitudinal, State-Level Analysis
Authors: Dyer Lauren , Vilda Dovile , Harville Emily , Theall Katherine , Wallace Maeve
Published: August 2022

Pregnancy-associated homicide remains an understudied yet critical issue. Using restricted use mortality files provided by the National Center for Health Statistics and the National Violent Death Reporting System, annual state-level pregnancy-associated homicide ratios were estimated as the count of deaths divided by the number of live births. The exposure, the state Gini index, was categorized into tertiles to compare states by levels of income inequality. In the final adjusted longitudinal linear model, those who experienced the greatest amount of income inequality had a significant 1.28 per 100,000 homicide rate when compared to the lowest income inequality tertile.
Slow Time, School Time, and Strange Times: Opposing and Entangled Discourses on Temporality in Teenagers’ Everyday Lives During a Pandemic
Authors: Palmgren Ann-Charlotte
Published: August 2022

In Spring 2020, the Finnish government declared a state of emergency over the Coronavirus outbreak, which lead to schools moving to remote teaching, cancelling all kind of event in society, recommending social distancing and the government encouraging children and adults to take walks. This article sets out to identify and discuss contradicting, complementing, entangling discourses on temporality in a public diary written by teenagers during a pandemic. The data consists of a corona diary published in a local newspaper, through which 34 pupils aged 13 to 16 provide their version of how a day unfolded during six weeks of the beginning of the state of emergency. The identified discourses include: regulation through temporality, change through temporality, normality and normativity through temporality, living present, acceleration and deceleration.
Construction of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Autophagy-Related Genes for Children With Neuroblastoma
Authors: Ye Guogang , Wang Yue
Published: August 2022

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid malignancy in children. MYCN gene amplification is the most relevant genetic alteration in patients with NB and is associated with poor prognosis. Autophagy plays specific roles in the occurrence, development, and progression of NB. Here, we aimed to identify and assess the prognostic effects of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in patients with NB and MYCN gene amplification. Differentially expressed ARGs were identified in patients with NB with and without MYCN gene amplification, and the ARG expression patterns and related clinical data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments database were used as the training cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were used to identify prognostic ARGs associated with event-free survival (EFS), and a prognostic risk score model was developed. Model performance was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The prognostic ARG mode l was verified using the validation cohort dataset, GSE49710. Finally, a nomogram was constructed by combining the ARGbased risk score with clinicopathological factors. Three ARGs (GABARAPL1, NBR1, and PINK1) were selected to build a prognostic risk score model. The EFS in the low-risk group was significantly better than that in the high-risk group in both the training and validation cohorts. A nomogram incorporating the prognostic risk score, age, and International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage showed a favorable predictive ability for EFS rates according to the area under the ROC curve at 3 years (AUC = 0.787) and 5 years (AUC = 0.787). The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination and calibration. Our risk score model for the 3 ARGs can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with NB and MYCN gene amplification. The model can accurately predict the 3- and 5-year survival rates.