bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fuzzy MAD Glioma Conjecture, using Fuzzy C Means to classify Multimodal Apparent Diffusion for glioma stratification
Authors: Damen Frederick , Su Changliang , Anderson Thomas , Tsuruda Jay , Jiang Rifeng , Cai Kejia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Gliomas are a very heterogeneous primary brain tumor. Their heterogeneity lies not only at the microscopic (genetic / biochemical) level, but at the mesoscopic (cellular morphology) level and macroscopic (tissue pathology) level. Goal(s): To better understand the underpinnings of the glioma heterogeneity. Approach: We applied the Multimodal Apparent Diffusion (MAD) method and Fuzzy C Means to multi b‑value diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, up to b‑value of 10K s/mm2, on 54 glioma patients. Results: We discerned 15 normal appearing tissue types and 19 lesion types, including 3 voracious solid tumor, 5 recruiting solid tumor, 3 edema, and 7 b0 attenuated types. Impact: Each stage in the glioma’s progression manifests in unique changes in MAD parameter signatures. The ability to to more precisely understand the heterogeneous microstructure involved can be used to improved diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas.
Microstructural Abnormalities of Grey Matter and White Matter in Children with Basic-type Intermittent Exotropia using NODDI Technology
Authors: Li Huixin , Shi Qinglei , Hong Jie , Hao Jie , Chen Zhengyong , Zhou Mengdi , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xianchang , Wan Xiang , Wan Zhaohui , Fu Jing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is quite common in children. The exact pathogenesis is not clear, which makes it difficult to make early diagnosis and evaluate progression. Goal(s): To investigate the microstructural changes in vivo in children with IXT and explore the potential neuropathological mechanisms. Approach: 31 IXT children and 37 controls were enrolled. Brain gray matter (GM) and the white matter (WM) regions extracted from their whole-brain MRI data were compared using the NODDI technology and TBSS method. Results: Microstructural changes in GM and WM between the two groups were found, located in the visual perception and oculomotor control associated areas. Impact: The parameters derived from NODDI can demonstrate the microstructural abnormalities in primary, advanced visual center and oculomotor center pathway, which maybe a potential tool in diagnosis and evaluation the IXT patients.
The effect of [6,6'-2H2]glucose dose on human brain deuterium metabolic imaging at 7T
Authors: Ahmadian Narjes , Konig Maaike , Gosselink Mark , Gursan Ayhan , Otto Sigrid , Tesselaar Kiki , van Eijsden Pieter , Klomp Dennis , Prompers Jeanine , Wiegers Evita
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is used to study metabolic processes, but the effect of varying substrate doses on DMI data in the brain is not yet knownGoal(s): Comparing different doses aims to reduce cost, while still achieving sufficient sensitivity for DMIApproach: Three healthy participants received different doses of [6,6'-2H2]glucose on two occasions and underwent dynamic 7T DMI scansResults: In 120-minutes after ingesting [6,6'-2H2]glucose , there is no clear difference in the signal of 2H-glucose/2H-Glx in the brain between the 0. 50-0.75g/kg doses. However, there was an earlier decrease in the signal when using the 0.25g/kg dose in one subject. Impact: We compared three different doses [6,6'-2H2]glucose for Deuterium Metabolic Imaging of the brain, at 7T. Metabolite signals were comparable for the 0.50g/kg and 0.75g/kg doses, making 0.50g/kg a potential cost-saving alternative for clinical translation.
Robustness of Fitting Frequency-Domain Phased 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Spectra versus Unphased Temporal Domain Free Induction Decays
Authors: Dai Haoran , Driehuys Bastiaan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy provides useful biomarkers of gas exchange. Some groups analyze phased spectra in the frequency domain, while others employ time-domain fitting. However, these two approaches have never been compared to determine the reliability of the metrics resulting from each approach. Goal(s): This study compares the feasibility, sensitivity, and repeatability of these two methodologies. Approach: 129Xe MRS acquired at 3 Tesla from 242 scans­–include 55 repeated measurements of 110 scans–was evaluated using both methods. Results: Time-domain fitting was applicable to all scans, yielded more physiologically plausible chemical shifts and were more repeatable. Impact: Fitting 129Xe spectra acquired at 3 Tesla in the temporal domain outperforms phase correcting and fitting spectra in the frequency domain.
Efficacy of gadopiclenol in contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast: a post-hoc analysis.
Authors: Kuhl Christiane , Merkulov Alex
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Gadolinium dose reduction while maintaining MRI diagnostic efficacy is crucial. Goal(s): Compare gadopiclenol (0.05 mmol/kg) and gadobutrol (0.1 mmol/kg) in breast MRI. Approach: Post-hoc analysis on 70 patients with breast lesions from the PROMISE phase III study. Lesion visualization was qualitatively (border delineation, internal morphology, contrast enhancement) and quantitatively (enhancement percentage [E%], lesion-to-background ratio [LBR]) evaluated by three blinded readers. Three additional readers assessed diagnostic preference. Results: Gadopiclenol was non-inferior to gadobutrol for all qualitative visualization parameters. E% was higher with gadopiclenol, while LBR was similar between the two GBCAs. Readers had in most cases no preference between images with the two GBCAs. Impact: Gadopiclenol at half the gadolinium dose compared to current GBCAs can be particularly beneficial in patients receiving multiple lifetime doses, such as high-risk women undergoing breast cancer screening.
Comparative Quantitative Analysis in Ultrafast DCE Breast MRI: Population-Based Versus Individual Arterial Input Functions
Authors: Xie Tianwen , Zhao Qiufeng , Fu Caixia , Robert Grimm , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Peng Weijun , Gu Yajia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST-VIBE (CDTV) ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI helps in characterizing breast cancer. Goal(s): However, no study has compared the accuracies of quantitative analysis using population-based arterial input function (P-AIF) and individual AIF (I-AIF) for diagnosing breast cancer. Approach: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracies of the inline quantitative analysis with P-AIF and I-AIF in diagnosing breast cancer. Results: It demonstrated a similarity in the quantitative analysis using P-AIF from CDTV and I-AIF in characterizing breast lesions. Impact: This study transforms breast cancer diagnosis by validating P-AIF's efficiency in CDTV MRI, offering prospects for streamlined, faster clinical application. It encourages exploration into broader adaptations, aiming to provide the accurate diagnosis and prognosis through expedited, accessible testing methodologies.
Unsupervised Super Resolution of Diffusion Weighted Imaging Guided by High-Resolution Cross-Modality Prior
Authors: Deng Zengtian , Sun Haoran , Wang Lixia , Daskivich Timothy , Kim Hyung , Xie Yibin , Li Debiao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Existing supervised super-resolution is challenging for Diffusion Weighted Imaging(DWI) due to acquisition. However, the feature of T2 weighted imaging(T2w) could be utilized as a prior for unsupervised training. Goal(s): To develop unsupervised super-resolution on DWI with the aid of high-resolution T2w images. Approach: A UNet architecture is designed to perform same-resolution domain adaptation. During inference, the high frequency feature of the T2w images are used to fuse with the low frequency feature of original DWI in k-space to reconstruct high-resolution DWI. Results: Our result shows improved SSIM score verified by paired student t-test. Our direct inference on HR DWI also exhibits improved sharpness. Impact: This pilot work demonstrated that HR images (T2w) can be domain-adapted to provide high frequency prior to unsupervised super-resolution tasks using computationally efficient DL models.
Cervical Cancer and Paracancerous Tissue ATPw combined with DWI to predict Parametrial infiltration: An Preliminary Study
Authors: Du Lianze , Han Qinghe , Yuan Qinghai , Zhang Mengdi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cervical cancer(CC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Parametrial infiltration (PMI) is considered a decisive factor in the treatment of patients with CC. Goal(s): This study aimed to investigate the potential of Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) in predicting PMI of CC, and to further evaluate whether the APTw parameters of paracancerous tissue can add diagnostic value to diffusion-weighted MRI of CC. Approach: 81 participants underwent pelvic MRI , including APTw MRI ,and takes measurements. Results: The results showed that the APTw values ,especially in paracancerous tissues, could be used to efficiently distinguish PMI of cervical cancer. Impact: APTw values ,especially in paracancerous tissues, could be used to efficiently distinguish PMI of cervical cancer. which can provide additional information to improve the results of diffusion-weighted MRI, thereby assisting further clinical decision-making and improving patient prognosis.
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting for Simultaneous T1, T2 and ADC Mapping at 0.55T using Convex-optimized Diffusion Prepared Waveforms
Authors: Castillo-Passi Carlos , Velasco Carlos , Tripp Donovan , Kunze Karl , Neji Radhouene , Irarrazaval Pablo , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Single breath-hold simultaneous T1, T2, and ADC MRF allows comprehensive tissue characterization in a single scan. However, this technique has not been demonstrated at 0.55T. Goal(s): Investigate the feasibility of T1, T2, and ADC MRF sequence for simultaneous T1, T2, and ADC mapping at 0.55T taking full advantage of the low-field scanner hardware. Approach: The proposed approach uses a bSSFP radial sequence with varying IR, T2-preparation, and optimized ADC-preparation pulses over 16 heartbeats. Experiments were performed on phantoms and compared with spin-echo references. Results: T1, T2, and ADC MRF at 0.55T was tested in a phantom, showing excellent agreement with reference values. Impact: Simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, and ADC is feasible with the proposed MRF sequence in a single breathold, allowing for a more comprehensive tissue characterization through co-registered multiparametric imaging at 0.55T with a low-performance gradient system.
Spherical tensor diffusion encoding with spectral specificity and isotropy
Authors: Michael Eric , Hao Runpu , Hennel Franciszek , Pruessmann Klaas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Lack of spectral selectivity in spherical tensor diffusion encoding impairs the specificity of the measurement. Goal(s): The goal of this work was to design diffusion gradient waveforms yielding a spherical b-tensor with frequency-specific and isotropic spectral projections. Approach: Gradient waveform designs derived from oscillating gradient diffusion methodology were conceived by shifting and overlapping cosine-modulated trapezoidal oscillations along the three coordinate axes to achieve orthonormality of the b-tensor. Results: The proposed gradient waveforms achieved frequency-specific and isotropic diffusion encoding, permitting frequency-dependent diffusion measurements in the in vivo human brain in the same manner as is conventionally performed using multidirectional linear tensor diffusion encoding. Impact: The proposed diffusion gradient waveforms for spectrally specific and isotropic spherical tensor encoding offer selective frequency measurements that can isolate the signatures of time-dependent diffusion, thereby enabling the study of diffusion dispersion in the framework of tensor-valued encoding.
Spatially Regularized Super-Resolved Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (SR2-CSD) of diffusion MRI data
Authors: Taskin Ekin , Haro Juan Luis Villarreal , Girard Gabriel , Garyfallidis Eleftherios , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Canales-Rodriguez Erick Jorge
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) is a state-of-the-art method for estimating the fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) in white matter from diffusion MRI data. However, CSD faces limitations in resolving fiber crossings with small inter-fiber angles when using low spherical harmonic order and produces noisy fODFs when using high order. Goal(s): This study aims to improve the stability and angular resolution of fODFs from CSD. Approach: We extend the CSD estimation framework by including a spatial regularization term that promotes fiber continuity, using a J-invariant auto-calibrated total variation denoiser. Results: The proposed method enhances fiber crossing estimation and reduces spurious fibers. Impact: The improved stability of the proposed method enables the utilization of higher spherical harmonic orders, with a superior ability to solve complex fiber crossings. This work has the potential to increase the accuracy of fiber-tracking algorithms and brain connectivity estimations.
High-frequency asymptotic behaviour of the apparent diffusion coefficient measured with approximate cosinusoidal gradient waveforms
Authors: Kershaw Jeff , Obata Takayuki
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Existing theory for OGSE-DWI has been developed under the assumption of an ideal cosinusoidal gradient waveform, but it is impossible to implement such a waveform in practice. Goal(s): The purpose of this work was to investigate how the high-frequency asymptotic behaviour of the ADC is affected when an approximate cosinusoidal waveform is used for OGSE-DWI measurements. Approach: A theoretical study was performed that derived the asymptotic behaviour of the ADC from first principles for three MPG waveforms. Results: The difference in predicted behaviour between an approximate cosinusoidal waveform and an ideal waveform may be important when making precise measurements of the surface-to-volume ratio. Impact: The microstructure of a complex medium can be characterised by measuring the high-frequency limit of the ADC with OGSE-DWI. However, it is important to understand how the limitations of the gradient hardware affect the interpretation of the data.
Correction of Eddy Current Induced Phase Variations between Imaging and Navigator Echoes in High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging
Authors: Chen Shihui , Liang Liyuan , Yuan Chenglang , Chang Hing-Chiu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The time-varying eddy current caused by diffusion gradient can induce additional phase difference between imaging and navigator echoes. These inaccurate measurements may cause residual artifacts in the subsequently reconstructed data. Goal(s): This study aims to verify the presence of the eddy-current-induced phase differences in navigator echoes and the phase correction can improve reconstruction performance on in-vivo DTI and HARDI. Approach: We proposed a procedure to calibrate eddy-current-induced phase difference from a phantom and considered the additional phase difference when using k-d SVD method for reconstruction. Results: The robust reconstruction performance can be achieved by using phase-corrected navigator data to recover highly-undersampled data. Impact: This study demonstrates that the eddy-current-induced phase differences between imaging and navigator echoes can be calibrated in advance, and then corrected during the k-d SVD reconstruction method to enable highly-accelerated multi-shot high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI).
Improved visualization of high b-value prostate diffusion weighted imaging using LIPO-only multi-shot EPI with 2D navigator (LION-IRIS)
Authors: Murayama Daichi , Yoneyama Masami , Sakai Takayuki , Ball Iain , Ochi Shigehiro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: One of the drawbacks of IRIS is its low SNR compared with ss-DWI. High b-value DWI improves the ability of prostate cancer detection by increased cancer conspicuity. However, such high b value images may also suffer from decreased SNR. Goal(s): We hypothesized that using only slice selection gradient reversal (SSGR, LIPO) technique without fat suppression pre-pulse (LIpo-ONly :LION) could improve the SNR of high b-value IRIS DWI. Approach: SNR,CR and ADC values were calculated with ROIs placed in internal obturator muscle and prostate region in peripheral zone. Results: LION IRIS-DWI could provide high quality distortion-free high b-value prostate DWI sufficient SNR. Impact: The present findings suggest that LION IRISs-DWI sequence demonstrated improved image distortion and blurring compared to ss-DWI, with having sufficient SNR and CR.It may help to further assess the prostate cancer pathology.
Accelerating high-resolution microstructure mapping based on multi-shell diffusion MRI for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Dong Tanxin , Yan Jingguo , Cao Yutong , Feng Quanzhi , Tian Qiyuan , Han Tong , Fan Qiuyun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The long scanning time of multi-shell diffusion MRI precludes many promising microstructural models to be applied in acute diseases. Goal(s): To achieve high-resolution microstructural mapping in acute ischemic stroke. Approach: We fine-tuned the previously proposed DeepHIBRID method with a multi-shell protocol of 5-minute constraint. Results: 14 maps from 4 diffusion models were obtained, with whole brain coverage and 1.3mm isotropic voxel size. Preliminary results showed decent contrasts to reveal lesions, and the microstructural information indicated was in agreement with the expected pathologies for both chronic and acute cases. Impact: High-resolution microstructural mapping based on multi-shell diffusion MRI should be now feasible for acute diseases, which is rarely possible either with compromised spatial resolution or brain coverage.
Feasibility and utility of multishell diffusion weighted imaging acquisition is comparable to standard DTI sequences used in clinical settings.
Authors: Hakhu Sasha , Schilling Kurt , Baxter Leslie , Hu Leland , Zhou Yuxiang , Beeman Scott
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multi-shell diffusion sequences can support data models that help provide greater specificity to tissue microstructure when standard-of-care clinical diffusion acquisition schemes (using b=0, 1000) fail. Goal(s): To show that multi-shell acquisitions can produce results comparable to those of standard-of-care clinical acquisitions in addition to supporting the implementation of higher order diffusion models. Approach: Standard DTI metrics like FA and MD were compared in specific regions of interest in participant data collected using both a, (1) standard diffusion acquisition and (2) multishell diffusion sequence. NODDI metrics were also calculated for our multishell data. Results: FA and MD metrics obtained from both acquisitions were comparable. Impact: Our study shows that a multishell diffusion sequence is suitable to meet standard clinical outcomes but is also capable of greater data acquisition (within regular scan time) which enables complex diffusion model implementations and hence, quantify tissue microstructure more precisely.
Enabling 1-minute High-resolution Clinical Diffusion-weighted Imaging at 7 Tesla via Improved Non-local-PCA Denoising
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Ye Xinyu , Ma Xiaodong , Li Yuan , Tian Decai , Guo Hua , Wu Xiaoping , Jing Jing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is crucial for diagnosing neurological pathologies, but traditionally requires long scan times due to low SNR, hindering its application in clinical settings. Goal(s): To evaluate how our new non-local principal-component-analysis (PCA)-based denoising method can help achieve high-resolution DWI at 7 Tesla within a clinically viable timeframe. Approach: We compared our method to two existing local-PCA-based approaches by collecting whole-brain DWI at 1.2-mm isotropic resolutions from a healthy volunteer and a patient with multiple sclerosis. Results: Our non-local PCA method provided improved denoising performances, producing quality DWI where the lesion was identifiable even with 1-minute acquisition. Impact: Demonstrated capable of enabling high-resolution DWI under 1-minute scan at 7 Tesla, our non-local PCA method is believed to promote the utility of DWI in clinical settings while having the potential to improve many other neuroimaging applications.
A Novel Ultra-High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted MRI Technique for ALS Diagnosis and Disease Tracking in Mouse Spinal Cords In vivo
Authors: Gao Jin , Magin Richard , Erricolo Danilo , Li Weiguo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) significantly impacts global human health, but its etiology remains unclear. Goal(s): To develop a novel diffusion-weighted MRI technique to detect early changes in ALS-affected spinal cord in vivo. Approach: We applied ultra-high b-values by using long diffusion time to examine the restricted diffusion in spinal white matter tracts in SOD1G93A mice at ages of 75 and 90 days. Results: Significant differences were found in diffusion of ventral roots between SOD1G93A mice and control at ages of 75 and 90 days. A shift of diffusion distribution was observed in SOD1G93A mice between 75 and 90 days. Impact: This in vivo study potentially presents a novel view in non-invasive evaluating alterations in spinal cord tissue associated with ALS pathology, thus benefiting investigations related to drug delivery and therapeutic response monitoring of ALS.
Exploring Brain Microstructure with Ultra-high b-values Diffusion MRI: A NODDI Model Comparison
Authors: Wongkornchaovalit Paween , Yao Junye , Dong Bo , Zhong Jianhui , Zhang Hui , He Hongjian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The benefits of using ultra-high b-values diffusion MRI (b>6000s/mm2) on characterizing and resolving brain microstructure are still unclear. Goal(s): To determine if the NODDI metrics computed from ultra-high b-values can help characterizing and providing more biological information related to brain microstructure. Approach: NODDI metrics are compared between different b-schemes, and between the corpus callosum and hippocampal subfields. Results: NODDI metrics computed with ultra-high b-value data can help characterize different subfields. Higher NDI and ODI differences in the corpus callosum and hippocampal subfields are observed with larger b-values. Impact: We show that NODDI models can work with ultra-high b-values and help characterizing and providing more biological information related to brain microstructure.
Cortical mapping provide insights into whole-brain tumor burden in diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Zhang Simin , Yue Qiang , Gong Qiyong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) represents a systemic disease due to its ability to disseminate tumor cells throughout the whole brain. Current imaging techniques, however, provide information only about the main tumor and its immediate surroundings. Goal(s): We employed comprehensive cortical mapping to gain insights into the individual tumor burden across whole-brain using structural MRI. Approach: Cortical thickness and myelin content was calculated from participants using Human Connectome Project pipeline. Results: DMG has the capacity to induce cortical thickness compensation while concurrently leading to cortical demyelination in numerous non-lesional regions. Notably, DMG harboring H3K27M altered exhibited specific cortical myelin and thickness reorganization patterns. Impact: These findings may open up the possibility of tailoring treatment strategies to the individual disease severity and distribution within the patient's brain, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of both current and future treatment approaches.
Play therapy and non-sedative strategies for supplementary MR examination in children aged 3-7 years
Authors: Chiu Yin Ting , Poon Mei Yu , Wong Kwok Chun , Fung Kin Fen Kevin , Kan Yee Ling Elaine , Ng Wing Kei Carol
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI scans in young pediatric patients are challenging due to motion sensitivity and anxiety triggers yet its high contrast resolution and radiation-free make it pivotal especially in directing an appropriate treatment plan. Goal(s): Identify key factors for successful sedation-free supplementary MRI scans in children, focusing on a child-friendly environment, trust-building, communication, tailored techniques, and parental support. Approach: The MR team of the Hong Kong Children's Hospital implemented strategies like child-friendly rooms, audio-visual systems, child-life specialists, optimized protocols, shorter scan times, and parental accompany. Results: Achieved high success rates with improved patient experience, shorter procedures, and better MRI facility utilization. Impact: With the increasing demand for MRI, the efficient use of MR suits has become a global issue. Introducing non-sedating MR scanning skills for young pediatrics could save both preparation and table time and therefore boost the scanning efficiency.
Remote assist in a single site MRI department.
Authors: Jaspers Jack
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A worldwide increase of MRI staff shortage and at the same time an increasing number of MRI requests. Goal(s): Deployment of remote assist performed by properly trained MRI staff in a single site MRI department. Approach: After a test period, remote assist was evaluated based on a survey conducted among the MRI staff members. Results: Due to slow technical performance of the remote assist hardware and software and a normal patient schedule during the test period, the first experience was disappointing. A new test period will be planned where patient scheduling and technical performance will be tested and evaluated again. Impact: Technical performance of the remote assist hardware and software (direct respond required) and patient scheduling need further improvement.
Usefulness of Compress Sense Technique With 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Hydrography of inner ear: Comparison of Image Quality and Acquisition Time
Authors: tang cheng , huang jianjian , peng peng , lu shunzu , lei yiwu , zhang huiting , zhao chen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Minimize scanning time while ensuring the quality of MRH images. Goal(s): This study investigated the feasibility of using compressed perception acceleration sequences to evaluate the quality of MRH images. Approach: We compared data from traditional sequences and CS sequences with different acceleration factors. Results: The results showed that CS4 can guarantee diagnostic requirement with 44%time reduction. Conventional images were more commonly used than CS SPACE images for radiologists. However, CS4 SPACE images still get more than 3-point. This suggests that CS4 SPACE images is still considered acceptable. Impact: This preliminary study showed that for the MRH of inner ear, T2 SPACE sequence with 4-fold CS technique provided similar image quality to conventional T2 SPACE with 44% shorter scan time. Therefore, we can save a lot of examination time.
Perspective on planning PET-MR protocols for research practices and long-term goals
Authors: Zheng Shufen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Even though PET-MR has been around for more than a decade, it is not highly available in all imaging centers due to high cost and complexity. Thus, seeking experience in setting up PET-MR protocols is challenging and can be quite daunting for first-timers and scans involving new tracers. Goal(s): To create an informative checklist which can ease planning a PET-MR protocol based on clinical experience and from literature review. This aim to overcome pitfalls and include considerations in setting up PET-MR protocols. Approach: Systematic planning of PET-MR protocol. Results: PET-MR radiographers and researchers will be able to plan their protocols efficiently and effectively. Impact: This informative checklist can assist planning a PET-MR protocol on scanner from scratch. Using this guide, the PET-MR radiographers and researchers will become more confident and efficient in planning the PET-MR scanning protocols. This can also boost data-sharing among others.
Native T1 Mapping in Post-COVID Vaccine-related Myocarditis in a paediatric population in 3T: The Singapore Paediatric Hospital’s experience.
Authors: Tan Ker Sin , Au Chee Chung , Fortier Marielle
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To present our experience with native T1 mapping in Post-COVID Vaccine-related myocarditis. Goal(s): To evaluate paediatric native T1 mapping values in Post-COVID Vaccine-related myocarditisApproach: Data was collated over August 2021 - August 2023 in 15 patients (13 boys and 2 girls), aged 9 to 16 years old. Patients were scanned in a 3 Tesla MRI scanner. Results: Majority of T1 values ranged 1201-1250ms. 17 segments had T1 values above 1250ms which correlated with LGE, (mostly in the basal region), ranging 1256ms – 1606ms. Thus, we perceived the normal range of T1 values to be 1100ms-1250ms and those above as increased T1 values. Impact: Our study evaluated the characteristics of post-COVID vaccine-related myocarditis, a relatively new disease, in children aged 9 to 16 years-old using native T1 Mapping at 3T MRI, filling up the current gap in data in paediatric myocardial native T1 values
The Value of Deep Learning Reconstruction In Improving the Image Quality of rectum MRI Images
Authors: Hu Sijie , Jiang Yueluan , Dominik Nickel
Published: November 2024

Motivation: TSE sequences are crucial for rectum MRI, but have limitations. DL-TSE is expected to improve image quality and reduce acquisition time for rectum MRI. Goal(s): To assess the viability of employing TSE sequences with deep learning reconstruction for rectal MRI when compared to conventional TSE sequences. Approach: This study included 16 patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by pathology. SNR and CNR were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.A P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results show that the application of deep learning can shorten the scanning time while maintaining high image resolution, and improve the diagnostic efficiency of rectal diseases. Impact: Deep learning reconstruction of TSE sequence in rectal MRI has the advantages of shortening acquisition time, improving image quality, and improving diagnostic efficiency. DL-TSE may also be extended to MRI examinations of other organs, such as the prostate and pelvis.
Denoising Approaches by Artificial Intelligence in PET MRI for clinical routine application
Authors: DE SUMMA MARCO
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Two big problems encountered in hybrid MR PET exams are: long duration of the exams and the optimization of the administered activity. Goal(s): I tried to evaluate the feasibility of decreasing the time and dose using an artificial intelligence tool in reconstruction while preserving the performance of PET and MR. Approach: By analyzing the literature, it was possible to identify the optimal reconstruction strategies for PET and MR imaging that utilize artificial intelligence to save dose and time. Results: Deep learning techniques have made significant advances in data reconstruction images from examinations with low scan times or radiopharmaceutical doseImpact: Artificial intelligence in MR PET is a promising approach. The impact on the health of patients is undeniable, especially in the paediatric population. This approach reduces the dose and consequently the cost of radiopharmaceuticals and increases productivity and efficiency.
Investigation of Conducting for MRI for Patients with Implantable Medical Devices and Items included in the Metal Safety Checklist in Japan
Authors: Saotome Kousaku , Yabe Kunihiro , Morita Kosuke , Tateishi Toshiki , Kanazawa Tsutomu , Doi Tsukasa
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To improve the safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patients with Implantable Medical Devices in Japan. Goal(s): To Investigate of Conducting for Patients with Implantable Devices and Items included in the Metal Safety Checklist. Approach: A questionnaire survey was conducted at medical facilities that perform MRI examinations of patients with implantable devices. Results: Conducting MRI for Patients with Implantable Medical Devices and Items in the Metal Safety Checklist revealed variations. Impact: This study advances the discussion of Conducting for Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patients with Implantable Medical Devices and the need to create a template for the Metal Safety Checklist in Japan.
3DMRCP Quantitative Image Quality: A Comparison Between CS-SENSE And SENSE And Its Acquisition Time
Authors: Teo Chee Chian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Upgrading of MR scanner with compressed sensing (CS) could reduce acquisition time. Image quality of 3DMRCP with CS, however, need to be assessed quantitatively to ensure its standard despite of acceleration. Goal(s): We aimed to prove that 3DMRCP with CS can be employed in clinical practice with comparable quantitative image quality to SENSE and with shorter acquisition time. Approach: Quantitative image quality (signal intensity, noise, SNR and CNR) of 3DMRCP with CS and SENSE of the same subject that acquired at two different timepoints were compared retrospectively. Results: 3DMRCP with CS have maintained the quantitative image quality and has a shorter scan duration. Impact: 3DMRCP with CS only not can achieve higher spatial resolution but also with a shorter acquisition time while maintaining its quantitative image quality. Therefore, 3DMRCP with CS is recommended to be adopted in daily clinical practice.
Real-time hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate CMRI imaging pipeline for monitoring of cardiotoxicity
Authors: Khashami Fatemeh , Dimitrov Ivan E , Fuetterer Maximilian , Kozerke Sebastian , Buchanan Emily , Harrison Crystal E , Huynh Mai , Afzal Aneela , Park Jae Mo , Kovacs Zoltan , Malloy Craig R. , Henning Anke , Zaha Vlad G.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Real-time imaging protocol based on hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate to probe metabolic changes in patients undergoing standard-of-care chemotherapy for breast cancer, with cardiotoxic potential. Goal(s): An imaging protocol that results in high-quality reproducible B0 heart shimming. To implement an echo-shifted mDIXON acquisition with spatial-spectral excitation to detect pyruvate and its major byproducts. A processing pipeline for reconstruction of metabolic images. Approach: Single-shot EPI acquisitions with shifted echo times (n=6) were acquired following a SpSp excitation, as to generate signal for mDIXON / IDEAL reconstructed images of these metabolites. Results: We have established a real-time 13C-hyperpolarization and imaging protocol and reconstruction pipelineImpact: Noninvasive real-time metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized 13C may aid clinical evaluation of possible cardiac toxicity for breast cancer patients
Dynamic Monitoring of the Treatment Effect of E. coli and PD-1 Inhibitor in Mouse Glioblastoma: using High-Field Animal Multimodal MRI
Authors: Li Guochen , Zheng Guangrong , Ke Tengfei , Liao Chengde
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Immunotherapy for glioma has demonstrated promising potential in preclinical studies. However, the dynamic assessment of its effectiveness in the brain presents a significant challenge. Goal(s): To continuously monitor the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitors when combined with bioengineered Escherichia coli in the treatment of GBM in mouse model, utilizing high-field animal MRI technology. Approach: Throughout the treatment of glioma-bearing mouse with E. coli and/or PD-1 inhibitors, we employed multimodal MRI and immunofluorescence techniques to routinely observe changes within the tumor microenvironment. Results: The high-field MRI technology utilized for monitoring the tumor microenvironment revealed positive outcomes for the combination therapy, consistent with our laboratory findings. Impact: Our research suggests that the fusion of bioengineered Escherichia coli and PD-1 inhibitors may herald a groundbreaking development in GBM immunotherapy, with high-field MRI technology serving as a potent tool for the real-time evaluation of this combination therapy's efficacy.
Peek into an enduring language: An exploration of speed reading through the lens of neuroimaging
Authors: Walpola Thishuli , Yoshida Seina , Senoo Atsushi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Despite the growing interest in fast reading, which is a cutting-edge research area, researchers have not yet explored its potential in a lesser-known language. Goal(s): Our goal was to explore the neural activation during the fast reading of ‘Sinhala’ letters. Approach: Healthy Sinhalese participants were subjected to functional MRI (3T) along with a fast-reading training session to analyze pre- and post-fast-reading neural impacts. Results: Correlation analysis showed a significant increase in the activity of the right middle frontal gyrus in rapid reading than in ordinary reading (PFEW-corr(p<0.05)). Impact: The increment of brain activation noticed in the fast-reading trained group suggests the significance of evaluating neural correlates unique to a language. This finding may aid in the development of effective fast-learning methods and improve approaches to second-language learning.
Correlation between quantitative software analysis-based white matter hyperintensity volume on FLAIR image and cognitive impairment
Authors: Okawa Ryuya , Hayashi Norio , Yasui Go , Mihara Ban , Takahashi Tetsuhiko , Atarashi Ryo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Acquiring new knowledge about the clinical significance of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is important. Goal(s): This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WMH volume and cognitive impairment. Approach: Patients information (sex, age, education level), neuropsychological examinations (Mini-Mental State Examination and the Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and FLAIR images were retrospectively examined as clinical data. WMH volume was analyzed from FLAIR images with fully automated analysis software. The relationship between WMH volume and clinical data was investigated. Results: WMH volume significantly differed according to education level, and that WMH volume was associated with neuropsychological examinations. Impact: The white matter hyperintensity volume obtained from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images using a fully automated white matter signal analysis software could provide important clinical information about cognitive impairment in patients.
Real-time MRI and Audio Synchronization for Vocal Tract Analysis in Linguistics
Authors: Paterson Haidee , Lang Ben , Hermes Zainab , Wray Samantha , Abdullah Osama , Marantz Alec , Zaatiti Hadi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study seeks to overcome the challenges associated with characterizing vocal tract articulation during speech. Goal(s): The primary objective of this study is to outline the technical configuration required to optimize real-time MRI with high temporal resolution while synchronizing it with audio recordings. Approach: We employed a single slice FLASH sequence, an MRI-compatible optical microphone, and a signal generator. This setup enables precise synchronization of MRI image acquisition with audio recordings during speech production. Results: Our findings showcase the practicality of our setup in studying Arabic speech articulation, both in letter pronunciation and the articulation of whole words, encompassing various dialects. Impact: This research highlights the technical intricacies involved in integrating real-time MRI of the vocal tract with synchronised speech production, introducing an innovative application previously unexplored in linguistic research to address challenging linguistic problems.
White Matter Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network-Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Studies
Authors: Alotaibi Abdulmajeed
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We want to confirm MK's ability in MS by a meta-analysis because different research have reported contradicting outcomes of MK value (that can indicate axon and myelin microstructural complexity). Goal(s): To compare DKI in WMLs and NAWM Approach: Tabular pairwise comparison estimates for each category. Mean ranks, 95% confidence intervals, and cumulative ranking curve were shown. Results: 3 studies evaluated MK in NAWM and WM among MS patients; 4 compared MK in WM among control and MS patients; and 5 compared MK in WM and NAWM as well. Impact: The study found that MS WMLs and NAWM have lower MKs. The findings may help physicians evaluate MS WMLs using MK consistency.
Choroid plexus enlargement is associated with neuroinflammation and reduction of blood brain barrier permeability in depression
Authors: Althubaity Noha
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We are motivated to investigate CP volume alterations in depression and their associations with brain inflammationGoal(s): To investigate CP volume alterations in depression and associations with central brain inflammationApproach: The study re-analyzed 51 depressed participants (HDRS score >13) from the Wellcome Trust NIMA project. Fully peripheral cytokine profiling [11C] PK11195 PET/structural MRI imaging measured neuroinflammation, blood-to-CSF radiotracer exchange parameters, and CP volumeResults: Depressed patients had a higher CP volume than HCs (t(76) =+2.17, p=0.03), which was positively linked with [11C]PK11195 binding in the anterior cingulate, prefrontal, and insular cortex. CP volume negatively correlated with blood-to-CSF radiotracer exchange parameters (r=-0.28, p=0.02)Impact: Findings suggest that brain barrier alterations may reduce blood-CSF exchanges, disrupting brain homeostasis and causing depression-related inflammation
Quantifying bone marrow fat changes with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: impact of nuts and physical activity
Authors: Zanardo Moreno , Colarieti Anna , Vitali Paolo , Di Leo Giovanni , Ferrulli Anna , Massarini Stefano , Luzi Livio , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This research is driven by the pivotal role of 1H-MRS in comprehending the relationship between bone marrow fat (BMF), metabolic conditions, and lifestyle interventions. Goal(s): This research holds the potential to uncover 1H-MRS as a tool for comprehending metabolic health through lifestyle interventions. Approach: It seeks to elucidate the therapeutic potential of lifestyle interventions in regulating BMF and its implications for metabolic health. The study employs a prospective cohort design, utilizing 1H-MRS to quantify vertebral BMF before and after an 8-week dietary intervention incorporating nuts and physical activity. Results: The research observed a non-significant trend towards reduced BMF following the intervention. Impact: The study's results underscore the potential of 1H-MRS in assessing BMF in the context of lifestyle interventions. These findings stimulate further investigations, encouraging scientists and clinicians to explore larger cohorts to elucidate the role of BMF in metabolic health.
Block-Wise Neural Network for Brain Tumor Identification in Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Alqahtani Fawaz , Asiri Abdullah A.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: medical support for treating tumor patients Goal(s): critical necessity for more accurate computeraided methods for early tumor detectionApproach: proposing a finetuned Block-Wise Visual Geometry Group19 (BW-VGG19) architectureResults: We achieved an accuracy of 0.98%Impact: the best results associated with the existing methods
Improving Image Quality Using the Pause Function Combination to PROPELLER Sequence in Brain MRI: a brain phantom study
Authors: Saotome Kousaku , Matsumoto Koji , Kato Yoshiaki , Ozaki Yoshihiro , Nagai Motohiro , Hasegawa Tomoyuki , Tsuchiya Hiroki , Yamao Tensho
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Finding ways to use the PROPELLER sequence as an even more the robustness method to motion. Goal(s): This study investigates whether repositioning the head after pausing during PROPELLER imaging, enhances image quality. Approach: This study investigated whether image quality improved with repositioning the head after a pause during PROPELLER method with a brain phantom and driver system. Results: We found that image quality improved at all rotational angles and that pausing multiple times was effective depending on the frequency of motion. Impact: Incorporating a pause function into the PROPELLER method is expected to be clinically applicable as a practical means to further improve the robustness of the PROPELLER method to motion.
MRI-based methods for measuring foot perfusion
Authors: Bisgaard Malene , Houlind Kim , Blankholm Anne Dorte , Ringgaard Steffen , Christensen Johnny , Preht Helle
Published: November 2024

Motivation: For patients with peripheral artery disease knowing the perfusion in different areas of the foot might have clinical relevance when treating ischemia. Goal(s): The aim was to measure the reliability of five different MR sequences with quantitative parameters for measuring perfusion when imaging the foot.Approach: We used a cuff induced ischemia protocol in a test/retest study of 16 healthy volunteers Results: Flow-sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery pulsed arterial spin labelling (FAIR) and Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) sequences had high reliability and were able to distinguish between occluded blood flow and hyperactive response flowImpact: Reliability test of five different MR sequences for quantitative perfusion measurements in the foot.
Effect of noise exposure during 7 Tesla MRI.
Authors: Wennberg Linda , Hansson Boel , Waechter Sebastian , Brännström Jonas , Sundgren Pia , Mårtensson Johan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ensuring the proper use of hearing protection during extensive scanning at a 7T system with high acoustic noise levels is crucial. Goal(s): We investigate if MRI examinations have acute and/or persisting effects on the hearing even if hearing protection is used. Approach: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) were used to evaluate the effects of noise exposure after two MRI scanning sessions in a single day. OAE measurements were conducted prior to and after each scanning and with a one-week follow-up. Results: We found no significant differences in outer hair cell function between the baseline measurement and the first MRI and the follow-up OAE measurement. Impact: Research protocols at a 7T system often involve long scanning sessions using sequences with high acoustic noise levels. When hearing protection is adequately used, MRI scanning can be performed without effects on the participant`s hearing.
The status quo between Taiwan and China: The inevitability of a dramatic end?
Authors: Campagnola Davide
Published: November 2024

For a long time, the United States’ deterrence, China’s goal of pursuing a relatively peaceful reunification as well as Taiwanese international isolation have been enough for the survival of the status quo. However, times have changed, and many factors that previously guaranteed a weak stability in the Strait are now the very basis for a potential collapse of the status quo. This article aims to analyze why the status quo may not be sustainable anymore. By focusing on the weakening power of the United States in the Asia-Pacific Region, the growing capacity of the People’s Liberation Army as well as on Taiwanese sociopolitical factors, this paper discusses how the very existence of the status quo could undermine a potential peaceful resolution. Furthermore, this research considers the implications of a change in the approach of the One China policy by the United States, moving from the long-used strategic ambiguity toward dual clarity, and reviews potential measures that could be pursued with the aim of avoiding further escalations leading to the use of force.