bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐165: Method for Verifying Polyimide Charging Effect of Flexible Display
Authors: Sung Hyesun , Kim Hyojung
Published: July 2024

Flexible devices fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrates can be bended, rolled and folded and have a wide range of applications. However, the technical problems of the panel fabricated on the PI substrate include device instability and image sticking due to mobile charge. In this study, we introduce a method that can easily and quickly verify mobile charge in PI. Using the existing capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) measurement method, it is possible to extract the amount of mobile charges of PI existing at the bottom of the active layer. We found that the mobile charge in the PI represents the reliability and persistence of the panel. It is shown that capacitacne fluctuations of metal‐insulator‐metal semiconductor capacitors can predict image sticking of the panel. The PI charging evaluation method proposed in this study can initailly identify defects in the early stage when there is a change in the steps or procedurres of the manufacturing panel, and opens the way to accelerate research on multi‐purpose form factors in the future.
P‐168: Development of Conformal Anti‐diffraction Transparent LTPS TFT Pixel Arrays on Two‐axis Surface
Authors: Chen Wei-Chung , Chu Kung-Ching , Chang Ruo-Lan , Lin Yu-Ching , Wei Hsiao-Fen , Huang Yao-Jheng , Chen Glory , Ho Jia-Chong
Published: July 2024

This study shows the electrical and optical results of anti‐diffraction and high aperture ratio low‐temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) TFT on bending surface. The resistance maintenance rate of the signal metal wiring is up to 90.4%. Our work gives rise to the results of stretchable LTPS TFT device, and indicates the excellent electrical maintenance stability of the metal wiring on a two‐axis bending surface with radius of Rx/Ry=600 mm/800 mm. The results also imply the high‐transparent anti‐diffraction pixel design on two‐axis surface could show clearer background image than traditional pixel design, which can be used as a basis for future development of different applications with conformal stretchable transparent displays.
P‐171: Research on Improving the Bending Ability of Foldable AMOLED Mobile Screen by Overlaying FMLOC and COE Technology
Authors: Yao Yang , Zhang Taoran , Lu Yanting , Liu Kunlong , Mo Zailong , Zhou Da , Zhang Shilin , Xu Jing , Wu Xufeng , Zheng Xiaolong , Sun Yu , Liu Tingliang
Published: July 2024

The market development trend of foldable AMOLED screen is introduced in the article, and then the core links of the industry chain of foldable mobile phones is drawn off. Furthermore, that improving the bending ability is an urgent problem to be solved in achieving lightweight is proposed. Based on this demand, a specific structural scheme and a complete set of bending ability evaluation methods to achieve lightweight affect are put forward. By combining bending simulation and product failure test, the mechanism is analyzed, and also, the main and secondary factor affecting bending ability are proposed. After that, a standardized improvement system for bending ability, including optimization of membrane quality, structural optimization, and process optimization, is validated and applied. On condition that an average bending radius of 1.5mm for Panel and 1.3mm for MDL are achieved ultimately, that has reached the international leading level. Moreover, based on the stress simulation research, a nonlinear model relationship between the strain of the TLD film layer (SiNx) and the clamp distance, which is a key factor affecting the bending ability and can predict the bending ability, is established. Finally, the future development direction and research direction of improving the bending ability of foldable AMOLED screen are prospected.
P‐184: Novel pixel design for improve color shift of UV2A mode
Authors: Guo Yuanhui , Bai Lu , Xiao Junying , Liu Lei , Qu Yingying , Chen Dongchuan , Nan Mingzhi , Wang Wu , Gao Yujie , Liao Yanping , Toshifumi Yagi
Published: July 2024

Skin color shift in side view of UV2A mode is a challenging problem since the dark line is wider than other VA mode. In this paper, several factors such as various methods for 8 domain driving, resistant ratio and area ratio of sub to main pixel were fully discussed. Finally, novel pixel design was proposed in this paper with CR (80/20) =50% (θ=30°, φ=0°) which is 25% higher than traditional UV2A mode. The skin color shift level is competitive with the traditional 8 domain UV2A mode.
P‐246: Late‐News Poster: Effective flicker reduction through luminance compensation between pixels in the fringe field switching mode using positive dielectric liquid crystals
Authors: Yoo Seong-Hyeon , Baek Seung-Hwa , Lee Dong-Jin , Jeong Hoon , Park Jeong-Gi , Miyagawa Nagahisa , Kanadani Chikahide
Published: July 2024

We develop the positive dielectric liquid crystals for flicker free that saves the power consumption and improves the image quality. The dielectric constant was optimized for a low flexoelectric effect and flicker is advanced by adding the LC component which reduces the luminance difference between frames. We confirmed that the a‐Si TFT LCD Panel incorporating the developed LC operates without flicker at the driving frequency of 40Hz.
P‐192: Advancements in Photoaligned Azo‐Dye Thin‐Film Polarizer with Exceptional Dichroic Ratio
Authors: Cheng Yue-Chu , Tseng Man-Chun , Ho Yeuk-Lung , Vashchenko Olena , Vashchenko Valerii , Tang Shu-Tuen , Yeung Sze-Yan , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: July 2024

This study presents the development of ultra‐thin azo‐dye polarizers, notable for their minimal thickness (100‐200 nm) and superior optical performance, with polarization efficiency exceeding 99.9%, extinction ratios above 4000, transmittance over 45.3%, and dichoric ratio over 100. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, we fabricate these high‐performance polarizers and determine optimal experimental conditions for peak efficacy. Our research includes comprehensive Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses to understand the microstructural properties of these azo‐dye thin film polarizers, contributing significantly to the field of advanced display technologies.
P‐199: Silicone‐integrated Photolithography of Small‐molecule Phosphorescent Emitter for Ultrahigh‐resolution Micro‐OLEDs
Authors: Lee Ryungyu , Choi Keun-Yeong , Kweon Hyukmin , Ha Borina , Lee Changhee , Lee Soyeon , Kim Seonkwon , Lee Seunghan , Ham Hyobin , Lim Hayoung , Jeong Moon-Ki , Park Gyurim , Oh Joon Hak , Kang Moon Sung , You Youngmin , Cho Jeong Ho , Kim BongSoo , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose an ultrahigh‐resolution organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) pixels patterned by conventional photolithography through by incorporating silicone into phosphorescent small‐molecule networks. This silicone‐integrated phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (SI‐phOLED), in which silicone molecules are homogeneously crosslinked with small‐molecule light‐emitting materials, can effortlessly achieve to 3,000 PPI ultrahigh‐resolution patterns using the photolithography process.
P‐201: High Performance and High Color Purity Green OLEDs with Narrow Spectra Emission
Authors: Li Guomeng , Zhang Di , Li Baoyu , Cai Minghan , Wang Hongyu , Song Wonjun , Zhu Xiujian , Jia Xiaoqin , Liu Song , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: July 2024

With the increasing performance demand from the display market, it has become ever more important to realize wide color gamut requirement. In this paper, we fabricated a series of pTSF green devices, the optimal devices which exhibit excellent performance in the range of CIEx 0.17‐ 0.22, with the central color point meeting Adobe's green light requirements, showing the advantages in wide color gamut. Additionally, they have comparable performance to existing phosphporescent devices under DCI‐P3 light color, showing the advantages of high performance and high color purity.
P‐205: Exploring Potential of Language Models in OLED Materials Discovery
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Han , He Ruifeng , Song Xinlong , Ma Lan , Song Jingyao
Published: July 2024

Language Models (LMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. In this work, we adopt a language‐like representation of organic molecules and utilize LMs to address two typical tasks in the discovery of Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) materials: property prediction and structure generation. In the prediction task, the LM serves as a surrogate model of the quantum chemistry simulator for electronic properties prediction. In the generation task, the LM acts as a conditional generator for generating novel molecules with desired properties. This work demonstrates the great potential of LMs in unifying multiple tasks in OLED materials discovery within a simple but efficient framework.
P‐206: Key factor of Device Lifetime in Exciplex Host Based Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Seungwon , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigated the key factor of device lifetime in blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) by managing hosts and dopants in the emitting layer. We manufactured four phosphorescent devices using the exciplex type mixed host and single bipolar host doped with either Pt type and Ir type phosphors. The mixed host was better than single host in the Pt emitter doped device, while it was similar to the single host in the Ir emitter doped device. Investigation of the light‐emission mechanism of the PhOLEDs revealed that the mixed host is essential in the device showing strong hole trapping behavior. The strong p‐type host in the mixed host relieves the hole trapping by the Pt phosphor, resulting in less polaron formation and polaron accumulation. As a result, the mixed host reduces triplet‐polaron annihilation and extends the device lifetime of the Pt emitter doped PhOLEDs.
P‐207: Enhancing OLED Optical Characteristics through Simple Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Nanostructures based on photosensitive photopolymer for External Light Extraction
Authors: Choi Geun Su , Bae Eun Jeong , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Park Young Wook
Published: July 2024

Investigated nano‐pillar‐based light extraction methods for OLEDs. Explored photosensitive photopolymer (SU‐8) based random nanostructure's impact on light extraction efficiency. Achieved 85% visible spectrum transmittance, highest efficiency with minimal unetched structure thickness. Compared to OLEDs lacking nano‐pillar structure, saw up to 38% improved quantum efficiency and 40% enhanced power efficiency. Insights aid in optimizing these structures for OLED advancement.
P‐213: Management of light extraction and viewing angle behavior of cavity‐driven top‐emitting OLEDs with buckling patterns
Authors: Chin Byung Doo , Yoo Jeong-Yeol , Jo Sung Min
Published: July 2024

Different scale of buckling patterns (1D ordered and 2D random) was employed for light extracting layer of top‐emission OLED. In the case of 2D random structure, thermal expansion and shrink of organic layers produced quasi‐periodicity. Improvement of TOLED efficiency as well as viewing angle behavior was analyzed in terms of the scale of periodic patterns and optical cavity effect. Methods in this work could be utilized as an effective tool for managing microcavity‐driven performance of TOLED.
P‐252: Late‐News Poster: Deep Learning based Inverse Design Technology for White Organic Light‐emitting Diode Thin‐film Structure
Authors: Lee In-Goo , Park Sehong , Lee Daeheung , Kim Injue , Park Kwon-Shik , Shin Jeong Min , Park Chanhyung , Jang Min Seok , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: July 2024

We propose a reverse design technique for WOLEDs using an artificial neural network. The inverse neural network is trained by combining forward and inverse neural networks and predicts the thin‐film structure from the out‐coupling spectrum. The predicted structures have a low error rate of less than 9 percent, demonstrating effectiveness of the inverse neural network.
Facile Exfoliation of Few‐Layer Sn‐Based Nanosheets for Self‐Powered Photo‐Electrochemical and All‐Optical Modulation Applications
Authors: Hong Siyi , Wu Leiming , Xiao Zizhen , Chen Yinxiang , Kuklin Artem , Liu Huating , Ågren Hans , Ren Xiaohui , Zhang Ye
Published: July 2024

Few‐layer tin (Sn)‐based nanosheets (NSs) with a thickness of ≈2.5 nm are successfully prepared using a modified liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method. Here the first exploration of photo‐electrochemical (PEC) and nonlinear properties of Sn NSs is presented. The results demonstrate that the PEC properties are tunable under different experimental conditions. Additionally, Sn NSs are shown to exhibit a unique self‐powered PEC performance, maintaining a good long‐term stability for up to 1 month. Using electron spin resonance, active species, such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide radicals (·O2−), and holes (h+), are detected during operations, providing a deeper understanding of the working mechanism. Furthermore, measurements of nonlinear response reveal that Sn NSs can be effective for all‐optical modulation, as it enables the realization of all‐optical switching through excitation spatial cross‐phase modulation (SXPM). These findings present new research insights and potential applications of Sn NSs in optoelectronics.
Unprecedented Organogermanium Functionalized GeIV−SbIII‐Templating Polyoxotungstate Nanocluster for Photothermal–Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Dan , Tang Zhigang , Zhang Wenshu , Chen Yan , Chen Lijuan , Song Shiyong , Zhao Junwei
Published: July 2024

The function‐oriented synthesis of polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters has become an increasingly important area of research. Herein, the well‐known broad‐spectrum anticancer drug Ge‐132 which contains GeIV as potential heteroatoms and carboxyl coordination sites, is introduced to the POM system, leading to the first organogermanium functionalized GeIV−SbIII‐templating POM nanocluster Na4[H2N(CH3)2]16 H18[Sm4(H2O)12W4O14Ge(CH2CH2COOH)]2[SbW9O33]4[Ge(CH2CH2COOH) SbW15O54]2·62H2O (1). An unprecedented organogermanium templating Dawson‐like [Ge(CH2CH2COOH)SbW15O54]12− building block is discovered. To take advantage of the potential pharmaceutical activity of such an organogermanium‐functionalized POM cluster, 1 is further composited with gold nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare 1−Au NPs, which doubles the blood circulation time of 1‐based nanodrug. Efficient separation of photogenerated charges in 1−Au NPs largely boosts the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE = 55.0%), which is nearly 2.1 times that of either single 1 (PCE = 26.7%) or Au NPs (PCE = 26.2%), and simultaneously facilitate the generation of toxic activate reactive oxygen species in tumor microenvironment. Based on these findings, it is demonstrated that 1−Au NPs are a multifunctional and renal clearable nanomedicine with great potential in photoacoustic imaging guiding photothermal–chemodynamic therapy for breast cancer.
Comparing standard- and reduced-size passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for monitoring juvenile wild spring Chinook Salmon
Authors: Lamb Jesse J. , Sandford Benjamin P. , Smith Steven G. , Axel Gordon A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Annual migration monitoring can help to discern patterns and environmental factors that impact growth, survival, and movement timing in small fish. Mark–recapture methods form the basis for such monitoring, and the standard 12-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag has emerged as an essential tool for studies of juvenile salmonids. A smaller, 9-mm PIT tag now provides the potential to conduct mark–recapture studies on smaller fish. We evaluated relative performance of the 9-mm tag, which is similar in design to its 12-mm predecessor.

Methods

For this comparison, we tagged and released approximately 8400 wild spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr in Valley Creek, Idaho, from 2011 to 2013. Tag-size cohorts were of similar average body size and were tagged in equal numbers. We estimated survival and detection probability for each cohort over two river segments.

Results

In both segments, survival varied among years, but we observed no significant differences between tag-size groups. At Valley Creek, average detection rates of fish with 9-mm tags were a little less than one-half the rates of fish with 12-mm tags and were significantly lower in all 3 years. At Lower Granite Dam, detection rates were again lower for 9-mm tags, but the differences were much smaller (3%–12%) and were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

We found that 9-mm tags can be as effective as 12-mm tags and may allow for better inference to smaller (<55-mm) non-tagged fish. However, the lower detection rates of the 9-mm tags could lead to less precise estimates, and site-specific detection rates should be considered for studies that rely on these tags.
Turning a mirror into a window: A duoethnographic study of international student identity
Authors: Schiffecker Sarah , Abdallah Joanna
Published: July 2024

This duoethnographical study explores the experiences of the two authors, Joanna and Sarah, as international students in the United States that do not quite fully fit in any of the categories described in research literature. Using a Borderland theoretical approach, the authors explore the in‐between spaces at the intersections of their identities in order to understand their complex experiences as white/wwwhite‐passing international doctoral students in the United States. Applying the Borderland approach to both intersectional and social identity frameworks, this chapter seeks to highlight the intricacies involved in the identity development of international students, especially when group membership is fluid. The results of this duoethnography challenge traditional notions of intersectionality of identity and uncover a dissonance in the identities of both authors.
Genetic diversity and population structure in banana (Musa spp.) breeding germplasm
Authors: Akech Violet , Bengtsson Therése , Ortiz Rodomiro , Swennen Rony , Uwimana Brigitte , Ferreira Claudia F. , Amah Delphine , Amorim Edson P. , Blisset Elizabeth , Van den Houwe Ines , Arinaitwe Ivan K. , Nice Liana , Bwesigye Priver , Tanksley Steve , Uma Subbaraya , Suthanthiram Backiyarani , Saraswathi Marimuthu S. , Mduma Hassan , Brown Allan
Published: July 2024

Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the most highly consumed fruits globally, grown in the tropical and sub‐tropical regions. We evaluated 856 Musa accessions from the breeding programs of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture of Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda; the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda; the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa); and the National Research Centre for Banana of India. Accessions from the in vitro gene bank at the International Transit Centre in Belgium were included to provide a baseline of available global diversity. A total of 16,903 informative single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to estimate and characterize the genetic diversity and population structure and identify overlaps and unique material among the breeding programs. Analysis of molecular variance displayed low genetic variation among accessions and diploids and a higher variation among tetraploids (p < 0.001). Structure analysis revealed two major clusters corresponding to genomic composition. The results indicate that there is potential for the banana breeding programs to increase the diversity in their breeding materials and should exploit this potential for parental improvement and to enhance genetic gains in future breeding efforts.
Mesopore Catalytic Activated‐Carbon to Reduce Harmful Gases Indoors: Adsorption, Catalytic Oxidation, and Prediction Mechanism
Authors: Rengga Wara Dyah Pita , Purwanto Widodo Wahyu , Sudibandriyo Mahmud , Nasikin Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Modification of local bamboo‐based catalytic activated carbon with metallic Ag can produce mesopore and micropore types, with a mesopore content of 86%. One of the best ways to reduce formaldehyde concentrations is through catalytic adsorption. In combination with Ag nanoparticle catalyst, formaldehyde adsorption capacity is improved. Adsorption and oxidation reaction experiments are performed in a fixed bed column (di = 10 mm, length = 90 mm). The increase in formaldehyde adsorption associated with the reaction rate of formaldehyde oxidation by metallic Ag is 51 g/mmol. The oxidation reaction of Ag nanoparticles is a bimolecular reaction based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Formaldehyde can be reduced by 59% and 41% through the role of adsorption and support of catalytic oxidation, respectively. Additionally, harmless gases such as CO2 and H2O are produced within the column.
Research and Trends of Filtration for Removing Microplastics in Freshwater Environments
Authors: Garfansa Marchel Putra , Zalizar Lili , Husen Syarif , Triwanto Joko , Ramadani Shefa Dwijayanti , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Ekalaturrahmah Yenni Arista Cipta
Published: July 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are a pollutant that increasingly threatens freshwater ecosystems and requires effective solutions for their removal. The aim of this study is to review current filtration methods used to remove MPs from freshwater environments. This study uses a systematic review method of existing literature regarding filtration techniques for removing MPs. Data were collected from various scientific sources published between 2015 and 2023. The filtration techniques analyzed include traditional filtration and advanced filtration technology. The study results show that advanced filtration technologies such as nanofiltration and biofiltration have a high potential in removing MPs from freshwater. However, each technique has its own challenges, including removal efficiency and implementation cost. The conclusion is that filtration is an effective method for dealing with MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems; however, further study is needed to address the existing challenges. This study provides in‐depth insights that can help develop more efficient policies and technologies for managing MP pollution in the future.
Understanding Social Recognition of Cooperatives from a Bourdieusian Perspective: The Cases of Kalkbreite in Zurich (CH) and Exeter Street Hall in Brighton (UK)
Authors: Cotterlaz-Rannard Gaelle , Méndez Manuel
Published: July 2024

Cooperatives, characterized as autonomous associations of individuals who voluntarily come together to address shared economic, social, and cultural needs, hold a pivotal position in both local and global economies. Despite their significant presence, research on cooperatives has often been fragmented, focusing either on economic or social aspects. This study employs Bourdieu’s theory of forms of capital as a relational framework to bridge the gap between economic capital and non-economic capitals (social, cultural, and symbolic) in order to comprehensively examine the intricate and distinctive attributes of cooperatives. Through longitudinal case studies of a housing cooperative in Switzerland and a cultural cooperative in the UK, this research focuses on the strategic accumulation of diverse forms of capital (economic, social, cultural, and symbolic) by cooperatives and examines the mechanisms through which they convert these forms of capital. By tracing this transformative journey, we seek to understand the dynamics of capital accumulation and conversion that empower cooperatives to operate effectively and gain recognition from local communities to broader regional contexts.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Redispersible Latex Powder on Pavement Performance of Road Base
Authors: Wang Bo , Hu Huimin , Yao Jianglong
Published: July 2024

Through unconfined compressive strength test, flexural tensile strength test, freeze-thaw test, dry shrinkage test and SEM, the improvement effect and mechanism of redispersible latex powder on the mechanical properties of recycled cement stabilized macadam were studied. The results show that the flexural and tensile strength of recycled cement stabilized macadam mixture increased and the compressive strength decreased slightly after adding latex powder. With the addition of latex powder, the BDR value of cement stabilized macadam increased, and the frost resistance of the mixture improved. Adding latex powder can reduce the shrinkage strain and shrinkage coefficient of cement stabilized macadam, and significantly improve its crack resistance. SEM images show that the latex powder polymer forms a network-like connection structure in the mixture, which can absorb the shrinkage deformation of mineral particles and hydration products in the material, and significantly reduce the shrinkage strain of the specimen.
The Dynamic Response Characteristics of the Slopes with Different Slope Morphology Under the Seismic Wave Action
Authors: Hu Caifeng , Xiong Feng , Zhang Xiangkai
Published: July 2024

The seismic landslides are common natural hazards in the mountainous areas, and they can cause a large number of casualties and property losses directly. The dynamic response characteristics of slope under the action of the seismic wave are the primary problem in evaluating the slope seismic stability. In this paper, the research is carried out on the effects of slope angle, morphology, and seismic wave frequency on the slope dynamic responses. Firstly, the slopes with different shapes (straight, concave, and convex slopes) are modeled. Secondly, the slope acceleration amplification factors and shear strain increment are investigated and analyzed. Finally, the dynamic response mechanisms are revealed using the ray analysis method. The results show that the acceleration response of each part of the slope is different for different frequencies, and the value of the amplification factor at the slope surface center is greater than that at the slope top. Slope morphology has significant effects on the dynamic response of the slope, and the slope surface centroid amplification factors change with different slope morphology. Slope angle has prominent impacts on the slope dynamic responses; the amplification factor is greatest at the slope angle of 30°. This study deepens the understanding of the slope seismic dynamic responses, which is vital for predicting slope instability and disaster reduction.
Suicidal ideation in the context of alcohol use among college students: differences across sexual orientation and gender identity
Authors: Kellerman John K. , Rizvi Shireen L. , Duberstein Paul R. , Kleiman Evan M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

There is a dearth of research on suicidal ideation (SI) that occurs specifically in the context of drinking alcohol. Alcohol use and binge drinking are both elevated among college students, among whom sexual and gender minority (SGM) students are at particular risk for SI. This manuscript examines alcohol use, SI, and SI specifically in the context of alcohol use among a large sample of undergraduate students and examines differences across sexual and gender minority groups.

Methods

Data were drawn from ~ 300,000 students who completed the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) between Spring 2019 and Fall 2022. Participants reported identity variables and information about drinking behaviors and suicidal ideation over the past year. Multilevel models were used for all analyses.

Results

Risky drinking behaviors and higher blood alcohol content during the last episode of social drinking were associated with higher odds of SI while drinking. Rates of risky drinking behaviors, SI, and SI while drinking were elevated among SGM students with SGM men and nonbinary students reporting the highest rates across groups.

Conclusion

SI while drinking, which is seldom assessed in measures of either measures of suicidal thoughts or alcohol use behavior, is an important construct for further research to improve our understanding of high risk states for suicide. Given elevated rates of alcohol use and SI among college students, providing education and resources to reduce SI while drinking is a critical target for universities, particularly to reduce risk among vulnerable SGM students.
Abelian envelopes of exact categories and highest weight categories
Authors: Bodzenta Agnieszka , Bondal Alexey
Published: July 2024

We define admissible and weakly admissible subcategories in exact categories and prove that the former induce semi-orthogonal decompositions on the derived categories. We develop the theory of thin exact categories, an exact-category analogue of triangulated categories generated by exceptional sequences. The right and left abelian envelopes of exact categories are introduced, an example being the category of coherent sheaves on a scheme as the right envelope of the category of vector bundles. The existence of right (left) abelian envelopes is proven for exact categories with projectively (injectively) generating subcategories with weak (co)kernels. We show that highest weight categories are precisely the right/left envelopes of thin categories. Ringel duality on highest weight categories is interpreted as a duality between the right and left abelian envelopes of a thin exact category. A duality for thin exact categories compatible with Ringel duality is introduced by means of derived categories and Serre functor on them.
$$\mathbb {H}^{2|2}$$-model and Vertex-Reinforced Jump Process on Regular Trees: Infinite-Order Transition and an Intermediate Phase
Authors: Poudevigne–Auboiron Rémy , Wildemann Peter
Published: July 2024

We explore the supercritical phase of the vertex-reinforced jump process (VRJP) and the $$\mathbb {H}^{2|2}$$

H

2
|
2

-model on rooted regular trees. The VRJP is a random walk, which is more likely to jump to vertices on which it has previously spent a lot of time. The $$\mathbb {H}^{2|2}$$

H

2
|
2

-model is a supersymmetric lattice spin model, originally introduced as a toy model for the Anderson transition. On infinite rooted regular trees, the VRJP undergoes a recurrence/transience transition controlled by an inverse temperature parameter $$\beta > 0$$

β
>
0

. Approaching the critical point from the transient regime, $$\beta \searrow \beta _{\textrm{c}}$$

β
↘

β
c

, we show that the expected total time spent at the starting vertex diverges as $$\sim \exp (c/\sqrt{\beta - \beta _{\textrm{c}}})$$

∼
exp
(
c
/

β
-

β
c

)

. Moreover, on large finite trees we show that the VRJP exhibits an additional intermediate regime for parameter values $$\beta _{\textrm{c}}< \beta < \beta _{\textrm{c}}^{\textrm{erg}}$$

β
c

<
β
<

β

c

erg

. In this regime, despite being transient in infinite volume, the VRJP on finite trees spends an unusually long time at the starting vertex with high probability. We provide analogous results for correlation functions of the $$\mathbb {H}^{2|2}$$

H

2
|
2

-model. Our proofs rely on the application of branching random walk methods to a horospherical marginal of the $$\mathbb {H}^{2|2}$$

H

2
|
2

-model.
On the Fractional Density Gradient Blow-Up Conjecture of Rendall
Authors: Oliynyk Todd A.
Published: July 2024

On exponentially expanding Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetimes, there is a distinguished family of spatially homogeneous and isotropic solutions to the relativistic Euler equations with a linear equation of state of the form $$p=\sigma \rho $$

p
=
σ
ρ

, where $$\sigma \in [0,1]$$

σ
∈
[
0
,
1
]

is the square of the sound speed. Restricting these solutions to a constant time hypersurface yields initial data that uniquely generates them. In this article, we show, for sound speeds satisfying $$\frac{1}{3}<\sigma <\frac{k+1}{3k}$$

1
3

<
σ
<

k
+
1

3
k

with $$k\in {\mathbb {Z}}{}_{>\frac{3}{2}}$$

k
∈
Z

>

3
2

, that $${\mathbb {T}}{}^2$$

T

2

-symmetric initial data that is chosen sufficiently close to spatially homogeneous and isotropic data uniquely generates a $${\mathbb {T}}{}^2$$

T

2

-symmetric solution of the relativistic Euler equations that exists globally to the future. Moreover, provided $$k\in {\mathbb {Z}}{}_{>\frac{5}{2}}$$

k
∈
Z

>

5
2

, we show that there exist open sets of $${\mathbb {T}}{}^2$$

T

2

-symmetric initial data for which the fractional density gradient becomes unbounded at timelike infinity. This rigorously confirms, in the restricted setting of relativistic fluids on exponentially expanding FLRW spacetimes, the fractional density gradient blow-up scenario conjectured by Rendall (Ann Henri Poincaré 5(6):1041–1064, 2004).
The Relationship between Sclerostin and Kidney Transplantation Mineral Bone Disorders: A Molecule of Controversies
Authors: Afsar Baris , Afsar Rengin Elsurer , Caliskan Yasar , Lentine Krista L.
Published: July 2024

Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment option for most patients with end-stage kidney disease due to reduced mortality, decreased cardiovascular events and increased quality of life compared to patients treated with dialysis. However, kidney transplantation is not devoid of both acute and chronic complications including mineral bone disorders (MBD) which are already present in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before kidney transplantation. The natural history of MBD after kidney transplantation is variable and new markers are needed to define MBD after kidney transplantation. One of these promising molecules is sclerostin. The main action of sclerostin is to inhibit bone formation and mineralization by blocking osteoblast differentiation and function. In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), various studies have shown that sclerostin is associated with graft function, bone parameters, vascular calcification, and arterial stiffness although non-uniformly. Furthermore, data for inhibition of sclerostin with monoclonal antibody romosozumab for treatment of osteoporosis is available for general population but not in KTRs which osteoporosis is highly prevalent. In this narrative review, we have summarized the studies investigating the change of sclerostin before and after kidney transplantation, the relationship between sclerostin and laboratory parameters, bone metabolism and vascular calcification in the context of kidney transplantation. We also pointed out the uncertainties, explained the causes of divergent findings and suggest further potential study topics regarding sclerostin in kidney transplantation.
Advancements in Face and Neck Contouring: Integrating Radiofrequency-Assisted Liposuction with FaceTite and Buccal Fat Pad Excision for Facial Slimming
Authors: Tettamanzi Matilde , Muratore Giovanni , Arrica Giovanni , Cuomo Roberto , Beatrici Edoardo , Ginatempo Ilaria , Trignano Claudia , Rubino Corrado , Trignano Emilio
Published: July 2024

Background

The integration of neck liposuction with FaceTite Manipulus Radiofrequency (RF) technology and buccal fat pad excision for enhanced neck rejuvenation promise heightened precision and efficacy in sculpting the neck and jawline. Neck liposuction, coupled with RF technology, provides controlled thermal energy for adipose tissue treatment and collagen remodeling, while buccal fat pad excision offers refined contouring of the lower face and neck. This integrated approach aims to optimize patient outcomes and advance the field of esthetic plastic surgery.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2023 on 80 consecutive patients who presented to the author's private clinic and required neck remodeling surgery for esthetic purposes. Patients were monitored and clinic appointments were scheduled at intervals of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment for evaluation. A tape measure recorded submental length at 1 and 6 months, and a satisfaction survey was administered one week before surgery and after six months. Physicians assessed improvement using a five-point scale for patient satisfaction and a four-point scale for overall improvement.

Results

All patients underwent successful RFAL treatment, consistently achieving satisfaction with the outcomes. The average reduction in submental length measured 23 mm during the 6-month follow-up period. Additionally, the removal of buccal fat pads played a pivotal role in facial slimming and enhancing the esthetics of the upper cheek region.

Conclusions

The integration of neck liposuction with FaceTite RF technology and buccal fat pad excision offers a promising approach for enhanced neck rejuvenation and facial contouring. This combined method demonstrates heightened precision and efficacy in sculpting the neck and jawline, aiming to optimize patient outcomes and advance the field of esthetic plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Review of Sharp Recanalization Techniques in Central Venous Occlusions
Authors: Rizk Tony , Gayed Antony , Stringfellow Stephen , Younan Yara , Yamada Ricardo , Guimaraes Marcelo
Published: July 2024

Benign central venous occlusions are frequently associated with long-term central venous access. Most of these occlusions can be recanalized with conventional endovascular technique. When conventional technique fails, sharp recanalization techniques (SRTs) can increase technical success. The SRTs include single low-profile needles, needle coaxial systems, re-entry catheter, the back end of stiff guidewires, and systems that can deliver radiofrequency energy or laser. This review on SRTs presents technical details and outcomes of the most common techniques used in central venous recanalization.
The distribution and chemosensory responses of pharyngeal taste buds in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Polat Hasan , Grande Gianfranco , Aurangzeb Zeenat , Zhang Huiming , Daghfous Gheylen , Dubuc Réjean , Zielinski Barbara
Published: July 2024

Little is known about the chemosensory system of gustation in sea lampreys, basal jawless vertebrates that feed voraciously on live prey. The objective of this study was to investigate taste bud distribution and chemosensory responses along the length of the pharynx in the sea lamprey. Scanning electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry revealed taste buds and associated axons at all six lateral pharyngeal locations between the seven pairs of internal gill pores. The most rostral pharyngeal region contained more and larger taste buds than the most caudal region. Taste receptor cell responses were recorded to sweet, bitter, amino acids and the bile acid taurocholic acid, as well as to adenosine triphosphate. Similar chemosensory responses were observed at all six pharyngeal locations with taste buds. Overall, this study shows prominent taste buds and taste receptor cell activity in the seven pharyngeal regions of the sea lamprey.
Asymmetry of winter precipitation event predictions in South China
Authors: Zhen Shixin , Hou Zhaolu , Li Jianping , Diao Yina , Zhang Yazhou
Published: July 2024

Winter precipitation anomalies in South China (SC) frequently result in severe disasters. However, the evaluation of prediction performance and distinctions between positive precipitation anomaly events (PPA, wet condition) and negative precipitation anomaly events (NPA, dry condition) in current operational models remains incomplete. This study employed the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) to assess winter precipitation prediction accuracy in SC from 1983 to 2021. Differences in predicting PPA and NPA events and the underlying physical mechanisms were explored. The results indicate that CFSv2 can effectively predict interannual variations in winter precipitation in SC, as there is a significant time correlation coefficient of 0.68 (0.62) between observations and predictions, with a lead time of 0 (3) months. The model revealed an intriguing asymmetry in prediction skills: PPA outperformed NPA in both deterministic and probabilistic prediction. The higher predictability of PPA, as indicated by the perfect model correlation and signal-to-noise ratio, contributed to its superior prediction performance when compared to NPA. Physically, tropical signals from the ENSO and extratropical signals from the Arctic sea ice anomaly, were found to play pivotal roles in this asymmetric feature. ENSO significantly impacts PPA events, whereas NPA events are influenced by a complex interplay of factors involving ENSO and Arctic sea ice, leading to low NPA predictability. The capability of the model to replicate Arctic sea ice signals is limited, but it successfully predicts ENSO signals and reproduces their related circulation responses. This study highlights the asymmetrical features of precipitation prediction, aiding in prediction models improvement.
The Pararectus approach: a preferred surgical approach for fixation of acetabular fractures predominantly involving the anterior column – a narrative review
Authors: Freude Thomas , Krappinger Dietmar , Lindtner Richard A. , Stuby Fabian
Published: July 2024

Beginning in France in the 1960s, the management of acetabular fractures has increasingly evolved toward surgical treatment strategies. The basic principles established by the pioneers of acetabular surgery, Letournel and Judet - anatomical reconstruction of the joint and stable osteosynthesis - remain unchanged. Modern advancements in surgical techniques aim to reduce access-related trauma and minimize complications. The notable rise in acetabular fractures among the elderly, which predominantly affect the anterior aspects of the acetabulum, has driven the development of less invasive, soft tissue-sparing anterior approaches. This evolution began with the ilio-inguinal approach in the 1960s, progressed to the modified Stoppa approach in the 2000s and, most recently, the Pararectus approach in the 2010s. Each of these approaches upholds the fundamental principles of effective acetabular fracture care, while offering distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we examine the merits and limitations of the Pararectus approach, specifically focusing on its utility in the surgical treatment of anterior column posterior hemitransverse acetabular fractures. Ultimately, the success of the individual patient’s outcome is less dependent on the chosen approach and more on the surgeon’s experience and expertise. Ideally, surgeons should be proficient in all these approaches to tailor the surgical strategy to the individual patient’s requirements, thereby ensuring optimal outcomes.
The impact of pregnancy on sexual functioning in Polish women
Authors: Szymańska Edyta , Kisielewski Rafał , Kisielewska Lidia , Tomaszewski Janusz
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Sexual life of pregnant women alters during pregnancy due to the physiologic,’ anatomic and hormonal changes in her body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate female sexual functioning after becoming pregnant.

Patients and methods

A prospective survey study including 148 pregnant women. An anonymous questionnaire including 60 inquiries concerning intimate relationship before and during pregnancy was performed. The following statistical test were used: Chi-square test of independence, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon test. The significance level of p = 0.05 was assumed.

Results

Most of the respondents were between 31 and 40 years old (55%). Majority of them were married (86%). During pregnancy, slightly more than half of women had a moderate need for sexual intercourse (51%), a large percentage of them had a low need (32%), a high need for intercourse was declared by 17% of women. The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between women’s education and the need for sex before pregnancy (p = 0.049). Respondents with higher degrees of education more often felt the need for intercourse before pregnancy. No correlation was found between education and the need for intercourse after pregnancy (p = 0.107). After becoming pregnant, 51% of women had less need for intercourse, 7% more, and 42% the same as before pregnancy, and these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Also, a decreased satisfaction with sexual intercourse was reported during pregnancy (p < 0.001). After getting pregnant, the average number of intercourses decreased in majority (71%) of respondents, and differences in the number of intercourses before and during pregnancy were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pregnancy has significant impact on woman’s sexuality. After becoming pregnant majority of women declare less need for sexual intercourses, decreased number of intercourses with less satisfaction.
Updated perspectives on the contribution of the microbiome to the pathogenesis of mucositis using the MASCC/ISOO framework
Authors: Stringer Andrea M. , Hargreaves Benjamin M. , Mendes Rui Amaral , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Bruno Julia S. , Joyce Paul , Kamath Srinivas , Laheij Alexa M. G. A. , Ottaviani Giulia , Secombe Kate R. , Tonkaboni Arghavan , Zadik Yehuda , Bossi Paolo , Wardill Hannah R.
Published: July 2024

Advances in the treatment of cancer have significantly improved mortality rates; however, this has come at a cost, with many treatments still limited by their toxic side effects. Mucositis in both the mouth and gastrointestinal tract is common following many anti-cancer agents, manifesting as ulcerative lesions and associated symptoms throughout the alimentary tract. The pathogenesis of mucositis was first defined in 2004 by Sonis, and almost 20 years on, the model continues to be updated reflecting ongoing research initiatives and more sophisticated analytical techniques. The most recent update, published by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer and the International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO), highlights the numerous co-occurring events that underpin mucositis development. Most notably, a role for the ecosystem of microorganisms that reside throughout the alimentary tract (the oral and gut microbiota) was explored, building on initial concepts proposed by Sonis. However, many questions remain regarding the true causal contribution of the microbiota and associated metabolome. This review aims to provide an overview of this rapidly evolving area, synthesizing current evidence on the microbiota’s contribution to mucositis development and progression, highlighting (i) components of the 5-phase model where the microbiome may be involved, (ii) methodological challenges that have hindered advances in this area, and (iii) opportunities for intervention.
Exploring the similarity relationships from the nondimensionalization of atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Liu Zihan , Zhang Hongsheng , Cai Xuhui , Song Yu
Published: July 2024

Nondimensionalization, a theoretical approach for establishing interconnections among parameters within a set of equations, has proven to be an effective tool for the analysis of atmospheric turbulence. By applying nondimensionalization to turbulence equations, a concise form of dimensionless turbulence functions can be obtained. This process also yields several dimensionless parameters, defined as combinations of characteristic scales. From the dimensionless tensor $${B}$$
B
and vector $${{\varvec{\beta}}}_{\theta}$$

β

θ

introduced in this study, the characteristic length scale, $${z}^{s}$$

z

s

, can be defined as an alternative of length scale in similarity theories. Using the data from observational station in Horqin Sandy Land, quantified verifications of similarity relationships are carried out. The dimensionless parameters derived from nondimensionalization is not only in accordance with traditional turbulence theories but also facilitate the derivation of relationships among other dimensionless parameters. This reveals new similarity relationships that supplement the Monin–Obukhov theory. Under conditions of flat terrain and steady motions, the new length scale gives rise to similarity relationships exhibiting “4/3” exponential and near-linear patterns, which are associated with turbulent transport. These results make it possible to obtain the turbulent fluxes directly from the statistics of meteorological elements, even in stable stratifications. Consequently, the method of nondimensionalization can be taken as a reference in parameterization schemes of turbulence and climate models, and is fruitful in prospect of further study on atmospheric turbulence.