bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers associated with lower risk of COVID-19 in household contacts
Authors: Armstrong Katrina , Soltoff Alex , Rieu-Werden Meghan , Metlay Joshua , Haas Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Background

Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) has been hypothesized to affect COVID-19 risk.

Objective

To examine the association between use of ACEI/ARB and household transmission of COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a modified cohort study of household contacts of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between March 4 and May 17, 2020 in a large Northeast US health system. Household members were identified by geocoding and full address matching with exclusion of addresses with >10 matched residents or known congregate living functions. Medication use, clinical conditions and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from electronic medical record (EMR) data on cohort entry. Cohort members were followed for at least one month after exposure to determine who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Mixed effects logistic regression and propensity score analyses were used to assess adjusted associations between medication use and testing positive.

Results

1,499 of the 9,101 household contacts were taking an ACEI or an ARB. Probability of COVID-19 diagnosis during the study period was slightly higher among ACEI/ARB users in unadjusted analyses. However, ACEI/ARB users were older and more likely to have clinical comorbidities so that use of ACEI/ARB was associated with a decreased risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19 in mixed effect models (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44–0.81) or propensity score analyses (predicted probability 18.6% in ACEI/ARB users vs. 24.5% in non-users, p = 0.03). These associations were similar within age and comorbidity subgroups, including patients with documented hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular disease, as well as when including other medications in the models.

Conclusions

In this observational study of household transmission, use of ACEIs or ARBs was associated with a decreased risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19. While causality cannot be inferred from these observational data, our results support current recommendations to continue ACEI/ARB in individuals at risk of COVID-19 exposure.
Nutritional status and TB treatment outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An ambi-directional cohort study
Authors: Sahile Zekariyas , Tezera Robel , Haile Mariam Damen , Collins Jeffrey , Ali Jemal Haider
Published: March 2021

Background

Remaining underweight during Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes and relapse. Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia found that bodyweight not adjusted for height at the start of treatment is associated with poor treatment outcomes. However, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change during treatment with treatment outcomes has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the association of BMI at the time of diagnosis and after two months of treatment and TB treatment outcomes.

Methods

Using an ambi-directional cohort study design (retrospective and prospective), a total of 456 participants were enrolled among 30 randomly selected public health centers residing within six sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using medical chart abstraction and face to face interviews. We compared TB treatment outcomes in persons with a body mass index (BMI) <18.5kg/m2 (underweight) versus persons with BMI ≥18.5kg/m2 (normal or overweight) at treatment initiation and after two months of treatment. Treatment was classified as successful in persons who were free of symptoms and had a negative sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli at the end of the 6-month treatment course. We analysed outcomes using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI and p value< 0.05.

Results

Of enrolled study participants, 184 (40.4%) were underweight and 272 (59.6%) were normal or overweight. Body mass index (BMI ≥18.5kg/m2) at the start and second month of treatment were independent predictors for successful treatment outcome (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.39) and (AOR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.29, 9.73), respectively. The probability of treatment success among patients with BMI≥18.5kg/m2 at the start and second month of treatment was 92.9% and 97.1%, respectively versus 86.5% and 91.7% in patients with BMI<18.5kg/m2. Bodyweight not adjusted for height and change in the bodyweight after the second and sixth months of treatment were not significantly associated with treatment success.

Conclusion

In persons treated for TB disease, being underweight at baseline and after two months of treatment was a predictor for unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Nutritional assessment, counselling, and management are important components of TB treatment programs with the potential to improve treatment outcomes.
Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland
Authors: Pobożniak Maria , Gaborska Małgorzata , Wójtowicz Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.
La autoevaluación del estudiante universitario: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Kambourova Miglena , González-Agudelo Elvía María , Grisales-Franco Lina María
Published: March 2021

La Declaración de Bolonia de 1999 impulsó diferentes cambios en la educación superior en Europa y en el mundo, entre los cuales fue la transformación de la evaluación de los aprendizajes. Por lo tanto, la autoevaluación ha sido considerada una de las vías de innovar el proceso evaluativo. Las investigaciones realizadas sobre ella se han centrado principalmente en analizar sus ventajas y desventajas y en comparar las calificaciones del estudiante y el profesor. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio consistió en establecer el estado de la cuestión acerca de la autoevaluación del aprendizaje en educación superior por medio de una revisión de la literatura existente. La autoevaluación se abordó desde la didáctica, entendida esta como un sistema complejo con sus componentes: el problema, los objetivos, los contenidos, los métodos, los medios, la forma (tiempo y espacio), la evaluación y la autoevaluación. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en fuentes de información académica y científica: bases de datos en educación, repositorios y sistemas de bibliotecas locales. Se consideraron productos de investigaciones realizadas entre 2006 y 2020, en inglés, español y portugués, seleccionándose un total de 69 estudios, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. En ellos se identificaron tres tendencias: 1. la relación entre evaluación, autoevaluación y aprendizaje; 2. la autoevaluación en pro del aprendizaje para el desarrollo de capacidades de los estudiantes; 3. la autoevaluación y la medición del aprendizaje. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se evidencia la necesidad de realizar estudios que analicen la autoevaluación en relación con los componentes didácticos; desde una didáctica humanista donde el estudiante se reconoce cómo un ser humano, se cree en él y se orienta hacía un aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. Se recomiendan más estudios internacionales en profundidad, en el contexto latinoamericano particularmente y con enfoques interpretativos.
Crisis de la transmisión y fiebre de la innovación
Authors: Bellamy François-Xavier
Published: March 2021

Este artículo propone destacar las potencialidades educativas propias de la escuela vivida como una comunidad educativa. Toda escuela debería asumir el sentido más profundo de su etimología griega. La tesis principal del texto es que no hay destino para nosotros, no hay novedad, no hay innovación, no hay verdadero cambio, no hay libertad, sin recibir primero de la historia, a veces de la historia más antigua, aquello que puede alimentar nuestra capacidad de inventar y de crear. Esta es la razón por la que, en realidad, la misma oposición entre el pasado y el futuro no puede tomarse en serio.
Turismo, inclusão e exclusão: O discurso da periferia em Caxias do Sul-RS, Brasil
Authors: Vieira Jasmine Pereira , Gastal Susana de Araújo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as percepções sobre o turismo de moradores de uma comunidade periférica, localizada no município de Caxias do Sul-RS (Brasil). A pesquisa considerou a revisão bibliográfica, cobrindo aspectos históricos que caracterizam o turismo como uma prática marcada pela exclusão, e abordagens teóricas que a ignoram. Posteriormente, seguindo as técnicas propostas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), foram ouvidos onze moradores da comunidade Cooperativa Habitacional Marianinha de Queiroz. A sistematização dos resultados em discursos sínteses permitiu compreender que os entrevistados associam o turismo: (a) à lógica da inclusão, quando afirmam que viajar de férias é diversão e lazer; e (b) à exclusão, quando lembram que o turismo é um prazer reservado às pessoas com poder aquisitivo. Segundo Milton Santos, a exclusão afeta o desenvolvimento da cidadania; nesses termos, considera-se que a exclusão da prática do turismo também contribui para esse deficit cidadão.
COMPETITIVE RESOURCES AND PERFORMANCE IN HOTELS OF DISTRITO FEDERAL: THE CONSUMERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Vieira Daniel Pires , Hoffmann Valmir Emil , Silva Neto Pedro Vicente da , Rangel Gabriel de Lacerda
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of strategic resources of hotel firms on their performance, from the consumers’ perspective. Firms are heterogeneous sets of resources, which enables different strategies in the search for competitive advantage. This study uses secondary data on hotel firms in the city of Brasilia in the Distrito Federal (Federal District), taken from the website www.booking.com.br. The data were submitted to simple and multiple regressions analyses. The simple regression analysis indicated a significant influence of Location, Cleanliness, Employees, Comfort, Amenities, and Cost-Benefit on the firms’ performance. These results corroborate the view that these resources are valuable to the firms analyzed. In contrast, the multiple regression analysis indicated that only Location had a significant influence on firms’ performance. This output suggests that Location is a strategic resource perceived by consumers and capable of generating a sustainable competitive advantage. The prevalence of location puts in perspective the role of quality of services for the competitiveness of hotel establishments in the context analyzed
Comparative Evaluation of Discomfort, Expectations and Functional Experiences during Treatment of Class II Malocclusion with Forsus Fixed Functional Appliance and Sharma’s Class II Corrector - A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Murarka Shriya Prakash , Shrivastav Sunita , Kamble Ranjit , Dargahwala Hamza , Khakhar Prutha , John Zynul , Dhannawat Purva , Rathi Shruti
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND The Forsus fatigue resistant device (FFRD) appliance is known to correct Class II malocclusion. The disadvantage of it are labial flaring of lower incisors, distalisation and extrusion of maxillary molars, difficulty in procuring the appliances in remote areas and cost. No research has documented the comparison of patient’s experience with FFRD and Sharma’s Class II corrector appliance. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted. METHODS 40 patients having Class II Division 1 malocclusion were included and were divided into two groups- FFRD appliance (group 1, 20 patients) and Sharma’s Class II corrector (group 2, 20 patients). A questionnaire was framed that consisted of 15 questions. Descriptive and analytical statistics was done using SPSS software. The difference in proportions was calculated by chi-square test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS 30 % of cases in group 2 indicated that the Sharma’s Class II corrector looks good (Q1) as compared to 15 % in group 1. (P = 0.630) 5 % indicated it was not aesthetic in group 2 as compared to 10 % in group 1. 30 % of cases in group 1 indicated that there were problems associated with speech as compared to 0 % in group 2. (P < 0.05). Values were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Sharma’s Class II corrector has similar patient acceptance as compared to FFRD appliance with the additional benefit of cost effectiveness. Hence, this can be considered as a better option in treating Class II malocclusion with fixed therapy. KEY WORDS FFRD, Fixed Function Appliance, Economic Orthodontics, Growth Modification, Sharma’s Class II Corrector
A kontextusba helyezett vállalatkormányzás
Authors: Bedő Zsolt
Published: March 2021

A szerző dolgozatában a hazai szakirodalomban felelős vállalatirányításként vagy vállalatkormányzásként, a nemzetköziben corporate governance-ként ismert kérdéssel foglalkozik. Amellett érvel, hogy elsősorban nem az ügynökelméletből fakadó probléma megoldásával állunk szemben, hanem az érdekérvényesítési erő megoszlásának mechanizmusával, melynek elemzéséhez az intézményi közgazdaságtan, piacgazdaságok változatainak elméletét kell felhasználni. Az ügynökelméleten alapuló értelmezések funkcionalista szemlélethez vezetnek, s arra a következtetésre engednek jutni, hogy az eltérő vállalatkormányzási rendszerek felcserélhetők vagy a globalizáció eredményeképpen úgy változnak, hogy idővel azonos tulajdonságokat vesznek fel. A változás ilyen felfogásával is vitatkozik az alapján, hogy az adott országra jellemző intézményi struktúra determinálja az egyén magatartását, s ezáltal a konfliktusok megoldására szánt eszközök nem alkalmazhatók minden környezetben.
A reklámtevékenység és a piaci szerkezet néhány összefüggése
Authors: Kovács Kármen
Published: March 2021

A gazdaságok, illetve a piacok fejlődésével megjelentek és egyre fontosabbá váltak a verseny más típusú eszközei. Ezek közé tartozik a reklám, a termékdifferenciálás, továbbá még olyan testetlen javak, mint a kutatás-fejlesztés, a know-how és a márka. Ezen eszközöknek az alkalmazása lényegesen összetettebb és bonyolultabb feladat, továbbá a fogyasztókra, a versenytársakra és magára a versenyre gyakorolt hatása sokkal nehezebben előre jelezhető, meghatározható és modellezhető. A szerző jelen munkájában a reklámokkal foglalkozik. Tanulmányának célja a reklámtevékenység és a verseny fontosabb összefüggéseinek ismertetése és elemzése, valamint rámutat arra, hogyan alakul a reklám szerepe, jellege, pénzbeli mértéke és hatása a különböző piaci szerkezetek esetén.
A Prática da Farmácia Clínica em Oncologia / The Practice of Clinical Pharmacy in Oncology
Authors: De Lima Anderson Gomes , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Alves Pereira Maria Juliana , Saraiva Emanuela Machado Silva , Feitosa Raimunda Aureniza , De Santana Willma José
Published: March 2021

O presente comentário apresenta uma discussão sobre as neoplasias e como o trabalho do profissional farmacêutico influencia na melhora do tratamento antineoplásico, agindo além da manipulação da quimioterapia antineoplásica. Permitindo uma visão histórica e contribuições alcançadas até hoje através do farmacêutico clínico. Utilizando do método investigativo através de publicações cientificas, que mostram importantes evidências dessa prática no tratamento das neoplasias. E possível verificar a importância do farmacêutico clínico na utilização de protocolos e métodos usados na assistência farmacêutica, visando diminuir erros e reações adversas que são frequentemente vistas nos hospitais no setor de oncologia. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar a importância da assistência farmacêutica, visando a melhoria na qualidade de vida do paciente em tratamento antineoplásico e a importância de incorporar o profissional farmacêutico na equipe multidisciplinar do setor de oncologia.
Argumentação em Discursos Memorialísticos de Moradoras do Cachimbo Eterno em Luiz Gomes/RN / Argumentation in Memorialistic Speeches of Cachimbo Eterno Residents in Luiz Gomes / RN
Authors: Oliveira Wilca Maria de , Souza Gilton Sampaio de , Sousa Maria do Socorro Cordeiro de , Moreira Marília Cavalcanti de Freitas
Published: March 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva analisar os discursos memorialísticos sobre o processo de destoponimização em curso nas ruas Mãe Regina e Raimundo L. da Rocha/Luís Gomes/RN. O corpus é constituído de três excertos de duas colaboradoras, obtidos por meio do recurso de entrevista compreensiva. A metodologia a ponta para uma abordagem qualitativa. A fundamentação teórica está baseada na Nova Retórica de Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014). Os resultados mostram que: (a) os discursos das colaboradoras se aproximam dos argumentos defendidos por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014), (b) os argumentos de Aurora corroboram para a tese de que o nome Cachimbo pegava fogo, no sentido literal e de preconceito por moradores de outras áreas da cidade. Neste estudo concluímos que os discursos memorialísticos de nossas colaboradoras convergem para o valor da essência da pessoa, o Cachimbo só é o que é, porque a essência dele reside nas pessoas que o constituíram como tal.
Socio-Religiuos Model of Disability: Sebuah Rancangan Awal
Authors: Mubin Zanuar , Rozi Masykur
Published: March 2021

Studi disabilitas masih menjadi tema kecil dalam ilmu pengetahuan Islam. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ilmu pengetahuan Islam tidak memiliki misi untuk mengatasi permasalahan diskriminasi yang dialami penyandang disabilitas. Hal ini mengakibatkan penyandang disabilitas dikucilkan bahkan dalam komunitas Muslim. Kami mengidentifikasi bahwa kurangnya akses yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Muslim disebabkan oleh kurangnya ilmu- ilmu keislaman dalam mendorong mereka untuk berperilaku secara inklusif. Artikel ini mencoba menawarkan model sosio-religius dalam mengentaskan diskriminasi disabilitas dengan dua level metodologis. Level pertama adalah mengkritisi epistemologi hukum Islam untuk mendobrak bias normalitas yang berakibat pada tidak diangkatnya masalah disabilitas sebagai tema dalam hukum Islam. Pada level kedua dilanjutkan dengan menginternalisasi filosofi model disabilitas sosial pada ahliyyah dan maqasid, sehingga epistemologi hukum Islam memiliki gagasan inklusi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa hak akses dijamin oleh ahliyah al-wujub, dan strategi pemenuhan hak akses diatur dalam teori maqasid. Metode ini menghasilkan konsep hukum Islam praktis yang dapat dijadikan dasar untuk membentuk masyarakat Islam yang inklusif.[Disability studies are still a minor theme in the Islamic science. This indicates that Islamic science does not have a mission to alleviate discrimination problems experienced by persons with disabilities. This results in disability being excluded even in Muslims’ community. We identified that lack of access performed by Muslims society is caused by lack of Islamic sciences in encouraging them to conduct inclusively. This article seeks to offer a socio-religious model in alleviating disability discrimination with two methodological levels. The first level is crticizing epistemology of Islamic law to break down the bias of normality which results in the lack of appointment of disability problems as themes in Islamic law. At the second level is continued by internalizing social-disability model philosophy in ahliyyah and maqa>s}id, so that the epistemology of Islamic law has the idea of inclusion. The results of this study are that the right of access is guaranted by ahliyah al-wuju>b, and strategy of fulfilling access right is regulated in light of maqa>s}id theory. This method fruits the concept of practical Islamic law which can be used as a basis for forming an inclusive Islamic society.]
RESEPSI MASYARAKAT TIMUR INDONESIA TENTANG “SOPI” (REINTERPRETASI TERHADAP EMPAT SERANGKAI AYAT KHAMAR)
Authors: Garwan Muhammad Sakti
Published: March 2021

In this paper contains and describes how the people of Eastern Indonesia in the reception of verses about khamar, namely in an-Nahl (16): 67, QS. al-Baqarah (2): 219, QS. al-Maidah (5): 90, and QS. an-Nisa (4): 43. In the general view ofscholars khamar or the like, sopi is indeed something that is unlawful. This issue then raises problems in the lives of Eastern Indonesian people, who regard khamar or sopi as a symbol of brotherhood, encouragement of tradition and a turning wheel of the people's economy. This paper is qualitative in nature, combining library research and field research. The data in this paper were collected by observation techniques, and interviews were then analyzed using the analysis of the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, with religious leaders, and traditional leaders as research subjects. This paper contains the formulation of the problem (1) How is the reception of Eastern Indonesian people about theverse khamar in the Qur’an? (2) What is the perception of the community in distinguishing mudharat and the benefits of drinks khamar? They show of community reception through four verses attention to three aspects, symbolizing brotherhood, tradition and players encouragement economy of the community, in the reception also showed a reinterpretation of the meaning of the verse of the Qur’an, in particular paragraph of the law to drink alcohol or gin, which in the science of usul fiqh can be categorized as a rukhshah, that is, a codification of law that is given shari'ah for the mukallaf who has difficulty in carrying out the taklif that is imposed on him.
Reciprocal constructions in Homeric Greek: A typological and corpus-based approach
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Zanchi Chiara
Published: March 2021

Ancient Greek features a wide array of means to encode reciprocity. Even though reference grammars do mention most of these strategies, they have not been brought together and compared in a systematic way so far. In this paper, we provide a thorough corpus-based description of the three most widespread reciprocal markers in Homeric Greek: the pronoun allḗlōn, the middle voice, and the use of preverbs. Our analysis is couched within current descriptive models of reciprocal constructions developed in linguistic typology. As we argue, Homeric Greek offers a remarkably complex picture, whereby these strategies synchronically cover different semantic and syntactic sub-domains of reciprocity, and thus partly stand in complementary distribution. Already in Homer, the pronoun allḗlōn is the most productive marker of reciprocal situations, with the middle voice and preverbs playing a more limited role. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we also show that this distribution can partly be explained as the result of the different historical sources of each construction. Moreover, once properly scrutinized, the facts of Homeric Greek provide interesting cues as to the developments of reciprocal constructions in later stages of Greek.
Editorial: The Privatization of Work-Related Risk Control
Authors: Mascini Peter , Veen Romke van der
Published: March 2021

This introduction starts by linking the privatization of work-related risk control to a political context in which social investment policies are prominent. Subsequently, a short overview of different forms of privatization is given. Finally, the different contributions to this special issue are introduced by either relating them to the governance or the consequences of privatization. Based on the contributions to the special issue, it is concluded first that the governance of privatized risk control poses difficult challenges of finding the right balance between public objectives and the involvement of private interests. Secondly, it is concluded that, by excluding or marginalizing the most vulnerable group, the privatization of risk control does not always achieve the equality of opportunities that social investment policies aim for. These risks of exclusion and marginalization seem to be particularly salient when the privatization of social investment policies is embedded in a context of retrenchment or a dualization of the labor market.
Examining the role of and value placed on trusted advisors as viewed by the Chief Executive Officer: A case study on the trusted advisor
Authors: Price Andrea
Published: March 2021

Given its proximity to and relationship with the C-suite, the role of the trusted advisor is one that many professionals, both within and outside public relations management, aspire to. Perhaps it is for this reason that the trusted advisor, particularly as it relates to the role of the Chief Communication Officer, has received considerable attention in public relations research and academic literature. However, there appears to be a gap in the body of knowledge about the trusted advisor role from the perspective of the Chief Executive Officer. Accordingly, the purpose of this research study was to explore the value of trusted advisors as perceived by the CEO. Through interviews with five chief executives, this study provides insight into the overall nature and role of the trusted advisor relationship: how the individuals came to be trusted advisors; the qualities and abilities that made them suited to the role; and how the CEOs engage with and rely on them. These insights are viewed in relation to the literature on relationship management, the concept of trust, and the roles of the Chief Executive Officer and trusted advisor. The findings indicate that the CEOs saw trust as a critical and foundational element of the relationship. It is also evident that the trusted advisors were relied upon to provide direct and honest feedback. This includes the ability to challenge the perspectives of the CEO, which contributes to building a relationship based on mutual trust.

 

Keywords: Chief Executive Officer, trusted advisor, relationships, relationship theory, trust, value
A cultural aperture: An inter-provincial analysis of FNMI representation in Canadian news dailies
Authors: Way Michael John
Published: March 2021

This study acts as a multi-disciplinary contribution to existing research in discourses of news production practices, and representation of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI) issues and protest.  Specifically, quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed to explore FNMI representation across three mainstream Canadian dailies leading to and following the Idle No More (INM) movement from October 1, 2012 until February 28, 2013.  In doing so, the study acts as a longitudinal confirmation of previous studies, revealing minimal FNMI salience during “everyday” news cycles, a narrow range of key topics, and a drastic increase in coverage during times of protest. 
 
Keywords: protest coverage, FNMI media representation, media bias, agenda-setting, uses and gratifications theory, Idle No More, news framing
Preface
Authors: Weaver Sonja
Published: March 2021

Preface
Preface
Authors: Heather Pullen Brittany Cadence,
Published: March 2021

Preface
Positive Effects of Pre-exercise Metabolic Alkalosis on Perceived Exertion and Post-exercise Squat Jump Performance in World-Class Cyclists
Authors: Thomas Claire , Delfour-Peyrethon Rémi , Dorel Sylvain , Hanon Christine
Published: March 2021

Thomas, C, Delfour-Peyrethon, R, Dorel, S, and Hanon, C. Positive effects of pre-exercise metabolic alkalosis on perceived exertion and post-exercise squat jump performance in world-class cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2602–2609, 2022—This study aimed to determine the effects of pre-exercise alkalosis in world-class cyclists on their general (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) and local (category-ratio scale [CR10]) perceived rates of exertion and acid-base status during 2 types of training sessions. Eight world-class cyclists ingested either sodium bicarbonate (BIC) or a placebo (PLA) in a double-blind and randomized order before performing 4 × 1,000 m constant-power sprints (CP) or 3 × 500 m all-out sprints (AO), with 20 minutes of recovery time between each session. For AO, the performance was assessed through the cycling sprint velocity and a squat jump test during recovery. During both tests, RPE, CR10, and acid-base status were measured. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion was effective in inducing pre-exercise alkalosis, compared with a PLA (p < 0.05). During CP, performance and RPE were the same for BIC and PLA (p > 0.05) with no time effect. The CR10 increased for the last sprint in PLA (p < 0.05) but was attenuated in BIC (BIC: 6 vs. PLA: 8.2; p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in acid-base status. During AO, RPE and CR10 increased with time, with no BIC effect, whereas blood lactate concentration was different (p < 0.05). Sodium bicarbonate supplementation had no effect on overall repeated sprints (p > 0.05). However, world-class athletes responded to BIC with higher squat jump performance than the PLA condition after AO (p < 0.05). Our results suggest a positive influence of pre-exercise alkalosis in world-class cyclists on local perception of efforts after constant load sprints and an attenuation of muscle power output decline postsprint, as evidenced by improved squat jump performance after all-out cycling effort.
Relationship Between Movement Quality and Physical Performance in Elite Adolescent Australian Football Players
Authors: Bennett Hunter , Fuller Joel , Milanese Steve , Jones Stephen , Moore Emma , Chalmers Samuel
Published: March 2021

Bennett, H, Fuller, J, Milanese, S, Jones, S, Moore, E, and Chalmers, S. The relationship between movement quality and physical performance in elite adolescent Australian football players. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2824–2829, 2022—The assessment of movement quality is commonplace in competitive sport to profile injury risk and guide exercise prescription. However, the relationship between movement quality scores and physical performance measures is unclear. Moreover, whether improvements in these measures are associated remain unknown. Over a 4-year period, 918 individual elite adolescent Australian Rules Footballers completed the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and physical performance testing (5- and 20-m sprint, vertical jump, planned agility, and 20-m shuttle run test), allowing the analysis of relationships between FMS parameters and performance measures. In addition, 235 athletes completed testing over 2 consecutive years, allowing the analysis of relationships between changes in these outcomes. Small associations were observed between FMS composite score, hurdle step performance, in-line lunge performance, trunk stability push-up performance, rotary stability, and measures of speed, power, agility, and aerobic fitness (ρ = 0.071–0.238). Across consecutive seasons, significant improvements were observed in the deep squat subtest (d = 0.21), FMS composite score (d = 0.17), and 5- (d = 0.16) and 20-m sprint times (d = 0.39). A negative association between change in rotary stability and change in jump height (ρ = −0.236) from one season to the next was detected. Results suggest FMS scores have limited relationships with measures of performance in footballers. To optimize athletic performance, once acceptable movement capabilities have been established, training should not prioritize improving movement quality over improvements in strength, power, and change of direction ability.
Comparisons of Daily Energy Intake vs. Expenditure Using the GeneActiv Accelerometer in Elite Australian Football Athletes
Authors: Salagaras Brie S. , Mackenzie-Shalders Kristen L. , Nelson Maximillian J. , Fraysse Francois , Wycherley Thomas P. , Slater Gary J. , McLellan Chris , Kumar Kuldeep , Coffey Vernon G.
Published: March 2021

Salagaras, BS, Mackenzie-Shalders, KL, Nelson, MJ, Fraysse, F, Wycherley, TP, Slater, GJ, McLellan, C, Kumar, K, and Coffey, VG. Comparisons of daily energy intake vs. expenditure using the GeneActiv accelerometer in elite Australian Football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1273–1278, 2021—To assess validity of the GeneActiv accelerometer for use within an athlete population and compare energy expenditure (EE) with energy and macronutrient intake of elite Australian Football athletes during a competition week. The GeneActiv was first assessed for utility during high-intensity exercise with indirect calorimetry. Thereafter, 14 professional Australian Football athletes (age, 24 ± 4 [SD] y; height, 1.87 ± 0.08 m; body mass, 86 ± 10 kg) wore the accelerometer and had dietary intake assessed via dietitian-led 24-hour recalls throughout a continuous 7 days of competition period (including match day). There was a significant relationship between metabolic equivalents and GeneActiv g·min−1 (SEE 1.77 METs; r
2 = 0.64; p < 0.0001). Across the in-season week a significant difference only occurred on days 3 and 4 (day 3: energy intake [EI] EI 137 ± 31 kJ·kg−1·d−1; 11,763 ± 2,646 kJ·d−1 and EE: 186 ± 14 kJ·kg−1·d−1; 16,018 ± 1973 kJ·d−1; p < 0.05; d = −1.4; day 4: EI: 179 ± 44 kJ·kg−1·d−1, 15,413 ± 3,960 kJ·d−1 and EE: 225 ± 42 kJ·kg−1·d−1; 19,313 ± 3,072 kJ·d−1; d = −0.7). Carbohydrate intake (CI) was substantially below current sports nutrition recommendations on 6 of 7 days with deficits ranging from −1 to −7.2 g·kg−1·d−1 (p < 0.05), whereas daily protein and fat intake was adequate. In conclusion, the GeneActiv provides effective estimation of EE during weekly preparation for a professional team sport competition. Australian Footballers attempt to periodize dietary EI to varying daily training loads but fail to match expenditure on higher-training load days. Specific dietary strategies to increase CI may be beneficial to achieve appropriate energy balance and macronutrient distribution, particularly on days where athletes undertake multiple training sessions.
Training, Supplementation, and Pharmacological Practices of Competitive Male Bodybuilders Across Training Phases
Authors: Hackett Daniel A.
Published: March 2021

Hackett, DA. Training, supplementation, and pharmacological practices of competitive male bodybuilders across training phases. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 963–970, 2022—Bodybuilding involves the pursuit of muscularity and leanness primarily through the use of progressive resistance training in combination with other practices such as manipulation of diet and use of ergogenic aids. This study aimed to compare the training practices and ergogenic aids used by competitive male bodybuilders across training phases. An online survey was completed by 235 competitive male bodybuilders with a median age of 26.0 (interquartile range 23.0–31.3) years. Results showed that most respondents performed split-routines (85.5%), 4–7 sessions per week (95.7%), trained major muscle groups twice a week (>50%), and session duration being 60–90 minutes (55.7%). Off-season resistance training sessions mostly comprised of targeting 2–3 muscle groups (56%), 2–3 exercises per muscle group (60.4%), 3–4 sets per exercise (73.2%), 7–12 repetition maximum (RM) per set (71.6%), and 61–180 seconds recovery between sets and exercises (80.5%). At the precompetition phase (6 weeks before competition), there was a decrease in the number of muscle groups trained per session (p = 0.027) and a greater number of repetitions performed per set (p < 0.001). A significant increase in the reported aerobic exercise volume was found during precompetition (<0.001). Performance enhancing drugs were used by 53.6% of respondents who did not compete in natural bodybuilding competitions. Dietary supplements were used by 95.7% of respondents with the most common being creatine monohydrate (80.4%) and whey protein (65.8%). Findings suggest that competitive bodybuilders follow resistance training practices consistent with the broad muscular hypertrophy recommendations but a notable shift in practices occur in the weeks before competition.
Relationships Between Clinically Measured Upper-Extremity Physical Characteristics and Ball Spin Rate in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Wong Regan , Laudner Kevin , Evans Daniel , Miller Luke , Blank Trent , Meister Keith
Published: March 2021

Wong, R, Laudner, K, Evans, D, Miller, L, Blank, T, and Meister, K. Relationships between clinically measured upper-extremity physical characteristics and ball spin rate in professional baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1331–1337, 2021—During baseball pitching, physical characteristics of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers have been hypothesized to be critical to creating ball spin. The purpose of this study was to determine if pitchers with greater shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger range of motion (ROM), arm and hand length, wrist strength, or grip and finger strength would produce greater ball spin than those with less physical characteristics. Ninety, asymptomatic, professional baseball pitchers participated (age = 24.5 ± 3.9 years; height = 189.9 ± 6.1 cm; body mass = 92.6 ± 10.6 kg). Goniometers and a digital level were used to measure shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger ROM, a tape measure was used to assess arm and hand lengths, and handheld dynamometers were used to measure wrist, grip, and finger strength. Ball spin was measured using a 3-dimensional Doppler radar and video system. Standard multiple regression analyses showed no significant relationships existed between ball spin and any of the upper-extremity ROM or limb length variables (R

2
= 0.01–0.03; p = 0.40–0.94). However, there was a significant relationship for the summation of wrist strength (R

2
= 0.24, p = 0.03). Both time to wrist extension strength {B = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.76), p = 0.001} and radial deviation strength (B = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.15–0.66], p = 0.002) were significant predictors within this model. These results demonstrate that the rate of ball spin during a pitch may be partially altered by increasing wrist extension acceleration and radial deviation strength. However, the subsequent clinical measurements of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger ROM, arm and hand length, and grip and finger strength were not associated with ball spin.
Suspension vs. Plyometric Training in Children's Explosive Strength
Authors: Marta Carlos , Alves Ana R. , Casanova Natalina , Neiva Henrique P. , Marinho Daniel A. , Izquierdo Mikel , Nunes Célia , Marques Mário C.
Published: March 2021

Marta, C, Alves, AR, Casanova, N, Neiva, HP, Marinho, D, Izquierdo, M, Nunes, C, and Marques, MC. Suspension vs. plyometric training in children's explosive strength. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 433–440, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different training programs, that is, 8 weeks of suspension training (ST) or plyometric training (PT), on measures of strength and power in untrained healthy children. One hundred eighteen children (57 boys and 61 girls) aged 10–11 years (mean ± SD: 10.84 ± 0.46 years) were randomly assigned into PT (19 boys and 22 girls), ST (20 boys and 18 girls), and control (CT) (18 boys and 21 girls; no training program) group. Experimental groups were trained twice a week for 8 weeks. Countermovement jump, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, and 20-m sprint were measured at baseline and after intervention. The results showed a significant group effect on training-induced responses (F = 10.26; p < 0.01;

= 0.33), with clear improvements from pre- to posttraining in PT and ST. Regardless of training group, no differences were found in boys and girls (F = 0.70; p = 0.62;

= 0.03). After 8 weeks of training, PT and ST showed increased performances in 1-kg (mean ± CI 95%; 0.18 ± 0.05 and 0.19 ± 0.05 m) and 3-kg (0.12 ± 0.08 and 0.12 ± 0.09 m) medicine ball throws and 20-m sprints (−0.08 ± 0.03 s and −0.04 ± 0.04 s) compared with CT (p < 0.05; d > 0.60). Standing long jump was significantly increased after ST when compared with CT (0.07 ± 0.04 m; p < 0.01; d = 0.88). Plyometric training showed higher improvements than ST in sprint (0.04 ± 0.03; p = 0.01; d = 0.71). It is suggested that 8 weeks of ST or PT seems to be effective to improve strength- and power-related variables in healthy untrained children. These could be considered as alternatives to traditional resistance training and be applied in school-based programs.
Potentiating Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading Are Dependent Upon Relative Strength
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Tufano James J. , Jones Margaret T.
Published: March 2021

Merrigan, JJ, Tufano, JJ, and Jones, MT. Potentiating effects of accentuated eccentric loading are dependent upon relative strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1208–1216, 2021—The purpose was to evaluate the acute effects of accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) on bench press velocity and subsequent perceived effort (ratings of perceived exertion [RPE]) and soreness. Resistance-trained men (n = 8) and women (n = 2) completed 4 sets of 5 bench press repetitions with AEL and traditional loading (TL) using concentric loads of 50% (AEL50, TL50) and 65% (AEL65, TL65) 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Throughout each TL set, the eccentric load remained identical to the concentric. Variable resistance during the first repetition of AEL equaled 120% 1RM. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to evaluate differences between AEL and TL (p < 0.05). For the first repetition, AEL50 and AEL65 resulted in slower eccentric and concentric velocities. The increasing slope of eccentric and concentric velocity across repetitions was greater during AEL50 and AEL65 compared with TL50 and TL65, respectively (p < 0.05). As an individual's strength increased, AEL50 resulted in slower eccentric velocity and faster concentric velocity than TL50. The AEL65 resulted in faster concentric velocity than TL65 (p < 0.05). Mean protocol comparisons revealed trivial to small effects between AEL and TL. There were no differences in RPE or soreness between protocols with soreness ratings remaining unchanged from baseline (1.80 ± 0.20 AU; p < 0.05). Overall, AEL was not effective for increasing concentric velocity during the bench press with current loading protocols. Yet, stronger individuals may exhibit increases in concentric velocity from AEL, which may be a result of different pacing strategies employed during the eccentric phase. Furthermore, when using the current AEL protocols, eccentric intensities were increased with no greater RPE or soreness.
Literatura, Linguagem e Descolonização em Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (Quênia) e Chinua Achebe (Nigéria)
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

A história de literatura africana contemporânea está repleta de debates que tratam de sua utilidade frente aos povos de África e a natureza dessa literatura. Através das ideias de dois escritores africanos, Chinua Achebe e Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, este artigo revisita a história das ideias desses autores em respeito à literatura africana e sua linguagem de escrita. Tratamos de perceber como dois autores da mesma geração, porém de locais diferentes, Nigéria e Quênia, respectivamente, pensaram a produção literária e sua função em África no período pós-colonial.Palavras-chave: Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (1938-), Literatura Africana, Línguas Africanas AbstractThe history of African contemporary literature is full of debates that deal with its utility to the many African people and the nature of this literature. Through the ideas of two African writers, Chinua Achebe and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, we revisit the history of the ideas of these authors in relation to African literature and the language in which this literature is written. We try to perceive how authors from the same generation, but from different locals, Nigeria and Kenya, respectively, thought their literary production and its function in Africa in the post-colonial period.Keywords: Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (1938-), African Literatures, African Languages
Léopold Senghor & Cheikh Anta Diop, rivais: Descolonização e Unidade Africana
Authors: Scholl Camille Johann
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho pretende fazer uma análise entre o pensamento de dois eminentes intelectuais senegaleses, Léopold Sédar Senghor e Cheikh Anta Diop, tendo como linha condutora as distintas interpretações a respeito da descolonização e da construção da Unidade Africana. Trata-se de pontuar as dissenções políticas e intelectuais com um olhar para o contexto histórico, pontuando como forjaram distintas interpretações a respeito da “África Negra”.
A Princesa do Sul e seus moleques de pele negra: experiências de meninos escravizados em Pelotas - RS (1850-1870)
Authors: Resende José Ricardo Marques
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como cenário o extremo sul do Império escravista brasileiro; a cidade de Pelotas (1850-1870) e tem a intenção de refletir sobre a presença das crianças negras nessas escravarias. A história social da escravidão, principalmente após 1980, tem se dedicado a diversas gamas de pesquisa sobre essa população. Todavia, são poucos trabalhos que centralizam as crianças como protagonistas nessas narrativas. O trabalho possui esse intuito, e para isso trabalha com algumas fontes documentais, principalmente inventários post-mortem e processos criminais, tentando entender a importância demográfica dessas crianças, sua circularidade pela cidade, assim como o cotidiano dessa infância negra.Palavras-chave: Escravidão; infância-escrava; Pelotas. AbstractThis article presents as a setting the southernmost party of the Brazilian slavery empire: the city of Pelotas (1850-1870). It intends to reflect upon the presence of black children in this slavery. The social history of slavery, especially after 1980, has dedicated several research topics on this population. However, there are only a few pieces of research that focus on children as protagonists in these narratives. This paper has this purpose, and, to achieve that, we use documental sources, mainly post-mortem inventories and criminal processes, trying to understand the demographic importance of these children, their circularity around the city, as well as the daily life of this black childhood.Keywords: Slavery; slave-childhood; Pelotas.